bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRONIC EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTANCE LEARNING OF STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF LMS MOODLE AND MICROSOFT TEAMS)
Authors: Хомік Оксана , Savchuk Nadiia
Published: December 2021

The article considers ways to expand the availability of higher education for students with special educational needs. The introduction of European principles and standards in the field of education is an important step towards the implementation of the model of inclusive education in our country. The importance of distance learning as one of the available forms of education for students with disabilities in higher education institutions of Ukraine is emphasized. Information and communication technologies can be a powerful tool to support education for people with disabilities. Monitoring of students with disabilities was carried out to determine their needs in the process of obtaining higher education. The main difficulties that students with different nosologies overcome in the process of studying in higher education institutions are identified. One of the ways to improve the training of students with disabilities in modern higher education is the introduction of distance learning using electronic educational services, including platforms Moodle and Microsoft Teams. The main features and benefits of the distance course "Psychology of Health and Healthy Lifestyle", created in the Moodle system, are described. However, the disadvantage of using the Moodle platform to teach students with disabilities is the lack of personal communication with group members, which is very important when teaching students with disabilities. The differences and advantages of the Microsoft Teams service over the Moodle platform in the process of distance learning of students with special educational needs are considered. Microsoft Teams offers technologies for clear audio and video transmission, data exchange, and the organization of separate sessions for collaborative and individualized learning that simplify the learning process. The process is presented of organizing a distance course "Psychology of Health and Healthy Lifestyle" to conduct classes with students with special educational needs on the platform Microsoft Teams and emphasizes the feasibility of its implementation in higher education
CONTEMPORARY CREATIVE WRITING OF LINGUISTIC MINORITIES’ REPRESENTATIVES. A FOLKLORIST’S VIEW
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Litvin Evgeniya A.
Published: December 2021

Using the example of texts from the poetry book of Carmela De Santis, a representative of the linguistic minority of the Salentine Greeks (Italy), the paper analyses the specifics of the literary creation in the contemporary minor languages and its socil-cultural context of the linguistic and folklore revitalization. The article aims to demonstrate the necessity for a combination of literary analysis with the social sciences field methods, when working with texts of that kind. The study of the collection showes that the author uses elements of local folklore in her poems: formulas or whole stanzas borrowed from folklore texts (which are mostly present in the final part of the poems). In addition, the structure and narrative features of the collection’s texts are influenced by two folklore genres that are well known to the author: the prayer and the festive toast. Moreover, the context of the emergence of certain texts by Carmela De Santis is determined by the sociocultural situation of the linguistic and folklore revitalization that has taken place in the region over the past several decades and cannot be understood without studying it.
ISSUES OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOR AMONG EMPLOYEES OF ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   UNISTREAM Commercial Bank (JSC), Zadorozhnayay Yuliya V.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with an issue of deviant behavior. It includes a detailed description of the types of deviant behavior and the forms of its manifestation in an organization. As an example of the form of deviant behavior among employees of the banking sector, its impact on work processes is identified and described.
PROJECT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT IN THE STRATEGIC PLANNING SYSTEM OF AN OIL AND GAS ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leont'eva Lidiya S. , Makarova Ekaterina B. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: December 2021

In this article, an attempt is made to theoretically substantiate the management of the project portfolio in the oil and gas industry. The article considers approaches to the essence of portfolio management of an oil and gas enterprise. The paper considers the relationship between the management of the project portfolio of an oil and gas sector enterprise and strategic management.
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SERVICE MARKET DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Farkova Natal'ya A.
Published: December 2021

In the post-industrial period the world economy is characterized by the dominance of the service sector over the production sphere. The service sector is closely connected not only with social spheres, but also with the sector of finance, production, communications. Therefore, an understanding of the internal processes of transformation in the service market will help determine the most profitable areas of economic activity.
ARCH-COMP21 Category Report: Continuous and Hybrid Systems with Nonlinear Dynamics
Authors: Geretti Luca , Alexandre Dit Sandretto Julien , Althoff Matthias , Benet Luis , Chapoutot Alexandre , Collins Pieter , Duggirala Parasara Sridhar , Forets Marcelo , Kim Edward , Linares Uziel , Sanders David P. , Schilling Christian , Wetzlinger Mark
Published: December 2021

We present the results of a friendly competition for formal verification of continuous and hybrid systems with nonlinear continuous dynamics. The friendly competition took place as part of the workshop Applied Verification for Continuous and Hybrid Systems (ARCH) in 2021. This year, 5 tools Ariadne, CORA, DynIbex, JuliaReach and Kaa (in alphabetic order) participated. These tools are applied to solve reachability analysis problems on five benchmark problems, two of them featuring hybrid dynamics. We do not rank the tools based on the results, but show the current status and discover the potential advantages of different tools.
Una comparación de la reforma laboral del 2012 y del 2019
Authors: López-Chávez Elizabeth , Velázquez-Orihuela Daniel
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se realiza una comparación entre la reforma a la Ley Federal del Trabajo del 2012 y la del 2019 con la finalidad de analizar si los cambios de la reforma del 2019 están orientados a corregir la agudización en la precarización del trabajo que puedo haber causado la reforma del 2012. Para lograr este objetivo se estudian los objetivos de ambas reformas y se hace una breve evaluación de la reforma del 2012. Se muestra que la reforma del 2019 no pretende flexibilizar aún más el mercado de trabajo como su predecesora. En contraste a la reforma del 2012, entre los principales objetivos de la reforma del 2019 están fortalecer a los sindicatos y regular la subcontratación
Bases teóricas, aplicación, operacionalización y medición de las variables en psicología
Authors: Reyes-Jarquín Karina , Bautista-Díaz M. Leticia , Romero-Palencia Angélica , González-Celis Rangel Ana Luisa Mónica
Published: December 2021

Las variables son elementos centrales en la actividad científica, incluida la psicología, no obstante, puede ser complejo identificar su función y aplicación. El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad brindar un panorama respecto a las variables desde la investigación en el ámbito psicológico, se profundiza en la definición de concepto, constructo y variable; además de explicar y ejemplificar cinco clasificaciones de las variables; I) por el número de sus valores; II) por su naturaleza; III) por el nivel de medición; IV) por el grado de manipulación; V) por su definición; asimismo, permite profundizar en la importancia de la definición conceptual y operacional favoreciendo la comprensión de la congruencia entre el nivel teórico y empírico de las variables. Finalmente, se concluye que la claridad que un estudio manifieste en sus variables es un punto clave para su planeación, ejecución y comunicación de resultados.
Conductas alimentarias de riesgo e interiorización del modelo estético corporal en participantes de certámenes de belleza
Authors: Salazar-Molar Leticia Sabik , Bosques-Brugada Lilian Elizabeth , Vázquez-Vázquez Vanessa Monserrat
Published: December 2021

Los concursos de belleza, se han visto como medios potencialmente favorecedores de la emisión de estándares de belleza, que pueden asociarse con la adopción de conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR) que comprometan la salud (física y mental) de quienes son partícipes de estos certámenes. Por lo que, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las relaciones existentes entre las CAR, la insatisfacción corporal, la interiorización del modelo estético corporal y la autoestima de 133 mujeres de entre 15 y 27 años (M = 20.70, DE = 2.50), a quienes se les aplicaron: un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Eating Attitudes Test, el Body Shape Questionnaire, el cuestionario de Influencias del Modelo Estético Corporal, así como la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Los resultados de la prueba de correlación mostraron la existencia de asociaciones significativas entre la mayoría de variables evaluadas, teniendo una mayor fuerza la relación de las CAR con la insatisfacción corporal (rs = .57, p < .001) y de esta segunda con la interiorización del modelo estético corporal (rs = .76, p < .001). Estos hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de contemplar a la satisfacción corporal como una de las vías estratégicas preventivas de las CAR, al igual que la estrecha relación que guarda la insatisfacción corporal con la interiorización del modelo estético corporal de las participantes de certámenes de belleza.
Beneficios de la Musicoterapia en Niños con Cáncer
Authors: Mayorga-Ponce Rocío B. , Baltazar-Téllez Rosa M. , Reyes-Torres Susana B. , Plata-Balderas Dania Z.
Published: December 2021

La música es tan antigua como el ser humano y ha estado presente, a lo largo de la historia en algunos de los ritos más importantes de la vida. Ya en la antigüedad era usada con fines médicos, pero no es hasta los años 50 que se empieza a definir la Musicoterapia y considerarse una terapia en la medicina. La oncología es uno de los ámbitos de aplicación más comunes, no así tanto en el ambiente pediátrico, por lo que resulta importante indagar en este tema con el fin de ampliar las posibilidades terapéuticas de mejora en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.
Principales factores agravantes de enfermedad periodontal y SARS-CoV-2
Authors: García-Hernández Samantha M. , Jiménez-Villegas Jazly , Santos-Oliva Aldo S. , Monjáras-Ávila Ana J.
Published: December 2021

La enfermedad periodontal se ha vuelto un tema de interés en el estudio del surgimiento del COVID-19, puesto que se han encontrado hallazgos en los cuales ambas enfermedades comparten factores de riesgo, sólo que una es más peligrosa que otra, primero ambas enfermedades se tornan graves si el individuo está sistémicamente comprometido, segundo la enfermedad periodontal influye directamente en el desarrollo de COVID-19, esto porque si no se atiende a tiempo se altera el equilibrio necesario para mantener la salud sistémica y por ende habrá una modificación en la respuesta inmunológica. Lo que pretendemos abordar con esta síntesis se ve fundamentado básicamente en localizar, conocer y comparar aquellas variables de los factores de riesgo en relación al COVID-19 en personas con enfermedad periodontal, con el fin de prevenir el desarrollo de estadios más graves del COVID-19.
Use of simulation-based learning in Japanese undergraduate nursing education: National survey results
Authors: Masuda Mitsumi , Yagi Machiko Saeki , Sugiyama Fumino
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Simulation-based learning (SBL) is a practical and efficient learning method that involves the replacement of a portion of clinical education with quality simulation experiences. It has been utilised in various countries, such as the United States, Canada, and South Korea. However, based on current regulations in Japan, clinical education cannot be replaced with simulation experience. For future curriculum integration, it is necessary to clarify the current use of SBL and tackle systematic educational strategies of SBL. Therefore, this national survey aimed to clarify the prevalence and practices of SBL in undergraduate nursing education programs in Japan.
Methods: This article presents the results of our national survey in Japan. It presents the questionnaire based on the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning Standards of Best Practice and demonstrates the use of simulation-based learning in Japanese undergraduate nursing programs.
Results: Overall, the schools using simulation-based education (SBE) comprised 346 schools (82.4%) of the sample. Those equipped with high-fidelity simulators were 146 schools (27.6%); the rest owned medium-fidelity simulators. Almost all undergraduate nursing education systems were equipped with simulators, however, the frequency of use was low. SBL was incorporated into the curriculum at many undergraduate nursing education institutions, and awareness of the INACSL Standard of Best Practice: SimulationSM was extremely low.
Conclusion: This study shows that SBL is not properly utilised in undergraduate nursing programs, even though many schools are equipped with simulators. Thus, further study on barriers to simulator use is needed.
General dental practitioners’ perceptions on Team-based learning pedagogy for continuing dental education
Authors: Foo Lean Heong , Ong Marianne Meng Ann
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Team-based learning (TBL) pedagogy is a structured, flipped classroom approach to promote active learning. In April 2019, we designed a TBL workshop to introduce the New Classification of Periodontal Diseases 2017 to a group of general dental practitioners (GDPs). We aimed to investigate GDPs feedback on learning this new classification using TBL pedagogy.
Methods: Two articles related to the 2017 classification were sent to 22 GDPs 2 weeks prior to a 3-hour workshop. During the face-to-face session, they were randomly assigned to five groups. They participated in individual and group readiness assurance tests. Subsequently, the GDPs had inter- and intragroup facilitated discussions on three simulated clinical cases. They then provided feedback using a pen-to-paper survey. Based on a 5-point Likert scale (1-strongly disagree to 5-strongly agree), they indicated their level of agreement on items related to the workshop and their learning experience.
Results: Majority (94.7%, 18 out of 19 GDPs) agreed the session improved their understanding of the new classification and they preferred this TBL pedagogy compared to a conventional lecture. All learners agreed they can apply the knowledge to their work and there was a high degree of participation and involvement during the session. They found the group discussion and the simulated clinical cases useful.
Conclusion: A TBL workshop is suitable for clinical teaching of the New Classification of Periodontal Diseases 2017 for GDPs. Its structure promotes interaction among learners with the opportunity to provide feedback and reflection during the group discussions. This model might be a good pedagogy for continuing dental education.
Amputasi kaki depan pada kucing domestik
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad , Titisari Nurina , Pradana Permadi Kusuma
Published: December 2021

Amputasi kaki depan adalah salah satu tindakan operasi yang dilakukan pada seekor kucing akibat adanya trauma pada kaki depan yang tidak mungkin untuk disembuhkan. Seekor kucing domestic short hair jantan berusia 1 tahun tidak dapat berjalan, dibawa oleh klien ke Rumah Sakit karena tertabrak kendaraan satu minggu sebelumnya. Kondisi luka terbuka pada kaki depan kanan mengalami abses dan berbau busuk. Krepitasi teraba pada tulang yang mengarah ke kondisi fraktur pada tulang radius ulna. Operasi amputasi kaki depan diambil sebagai langkah untuk menyelamatkan kehidupan pasien. Terapi post operasi yang diberikan antara lain analgesik, NSAID, antibiotik, dan multivitamin. Luka pascaoperasi sembuh dengan baik dan tidak ada komplikasi. Kucing mulai belajar berjalan menggunakan ketiga kaki yang lain pada hari ketiga.
Prevalensi trematodiasis pada sapi bali di Kupang dengan pemeriksaan feses metode filtrasi
Authors: Winarso Aji , Kale Nadia Daramuli , Rihi Diana Miranti , Hurek Desmond T.M. , Pello Poppy Sarina , Beti Venansia Nona , Moi Maria Marsiniani , Boru Mesa J. Niex , Manafe Rizky Yuni , Parera Maria Dua Eni , Jo Maria Gratsia M. , Nadja Yohanes Raldy , Dhiu Dalmasia Trisna , Cantona Mario , Amleni Lucia Dewinta , Koanak Sharoniva J. , Nawa Yusinta Veronika , Daki Angela Novita , Pora Jeanet F.T.L.
Published: December 2021

Pengendalian yang strategis perlu mempertimbangkan data epidemiologi trematodosis itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status prevalensi terkini (update) kasus trematodosis pada sapi bali di Kupang. Sebanyak 51 ekor sapi bali dewasa diambil sampel feses dan diperiksa dengan metode filtrasi bertingkat selama periode September 2019 hingga Januari 2020. Data diolah dan ditampilkan sebagai statistik deskriptif. Kajian ini mengungkap prevalensi trematodosis pada sapi bali di Kupang sebesar 25,49%, dengan diantaranya menderita fasciolosis sebesar 19,61% dan infeksi amphistome sebesar 9,80%.
Geschlechterdifferenzierung in der frühen Kindheit im Spannungsfeld von Normativität und Flexibilität
Authors: Schaich Ute
Published: December 2021

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit Aspekten des vielschichtigen psychoanalytischen Diskurses zur Diversität von Geschlechtsidentitäten, ausgehend von der frühen Kindheit. Im Fokus der Erörterung stehen die Prozesse der Geschlechterdifferenzierung im Spannungsfeld von Normativität und Flexibilität.
Eine Annäherung an die Verwendung des Wortes »Heimat«
Authors: Albers Stine
Published: December 2021

In diesem Artikel werden gesellschaftswissenschaftliche Diskurse um das populäre und vielseitig verwendete Wort »Heimat« dargelegt. Dabei wurden psychoanalytisch orientierte Anknüpfungspunkte an Heimat mit einbezogen. In diesem Prozess wurden insgesamt neun Kernaussagen zur Verwendung des Wortes »Heimat« formuliert, die einzeln in ihrer inhaltlichen Ausgestaltung vorgestellt werden. Abschließend werden die psychoanalytisch orientierten Anknüpfungspunkte an Heimat zusammengefasst und herausgestellt.
»Erleben«, das zur Sprache kommt
Authors: Benetka Gerhard , Slunecko Thomas
Published: December 2021

Der vorliegende Text geht davon aus, dass ein großer Teil des Forschungsmaterials der Psychologie auf Daten basiert, die aus der Perspektive der zweiten Person gewonnen sind, das heißt aus der Interaktion zweier oder mehrerer Personen resultieren. Dies wird in Bezug auf die Introspektion anhand von zwei Herangehensweisen thematisiert, die jeweils für sich in Anspruch nehmen, Erleben in einem wissenschaftlich kontrollierten Setting zur Sprache zu bringen. Am Beispiel der Würzburger Schule wird zunächst gezeigt, dass der Prozess des Protokollierens durch den Versuchsleiter in einem dialogischen Aushandeln von Bedeutungen mit der Versuchsperson besteht. Dem methodischen Vorgehen der Würzburger Schule wird hiernach das Setting der Mikrophänomenologie gegenübergestellt. Anders als in der Bühler’schen Denkpsychologie wird hier nicht die Erinnerung an vergangenes Erleben, sondern – dem Anspruch nach – aktuelles bzw. aktualisiertes Erleben untersucht.
Symptom und Signal, Ausdruck und Steuerung in der vorsprachlichen Sozialregulation
Authors: Knobloch Clemens
Published: December 2021

Der Text rekonstruiert Kontinuitäten und Brüche in der von Karl Bühler in seiner Krise der Psychologie (1927) und seiner Ausdruckstheorie (1933) hinterlassenen präkybernetischen Axiomatik der Interaktion anhand der gegenwärtigen psychologischen Debatten über Emotionsund Affektausdruck. Die These lautet: Im Kern operieren moderne Psychologen wie der Tierverhaltensforscher Frans de Waal, die konstruktivistische Neuropsychologin Lisa Feldman Barrett und der kulturhistorische Psychologe Michael Tomasello beinahe 100 Jahre später noch weitgehend auf der von Bühler umrissenen Grundlage.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus: bidirectional relationship
Authors: Tkach S. M. , Cheverda T. L.
Published: December 2021

To date, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic diffuse liver disease. Under adverse conditions, its natural course involves progression from simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent years, there has been much convincing evidence that NAFLD is a multisystem disease that contributes to damage to extrahepatic organs and systems, primarily increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and other diseases. In particular, numerous studies in recent years indicate that NAFLD increased the risk of diabetes by at least twice. Currently, the complex and bidirectional relationship between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes are well studied. NAFLD, hepatic and systemic insulin resistance, gut dysbiosis and lipotoxicity are the main factors determining the development of diabetes mellitus in predisposed individuals. Once type 2 diabetes manifests clinically, the likelihood of progressive liver damage increases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is associated with type 2 diabetes, is thought to be a sign of a severe clinical course with serious clinical consequences in the form of NASH, liver cirrhosis and HCC. This combination requires a more aggressive therapeutic strategy, HCC screening, and long-term follow-up. A vicious circle is formed, which leads to adverse clinical consequences, worsens the prognosis and requires an active diagnostic and treatment strategy.
SEARCH FOR WAYS TO IMPROVE THE TRACTION PROPERTIES OF LOCOMOTIVES AND TRACTION DRIVE DESIGN
Authors: Vorob'ev Vladimir , Pugachev Aleksandr , Izmerov Oleg , Nikolaev Evgeniy
Published: December 2021

The work objective is to increase the traction properties of locomotives without the use of traction drives with asynchronous traction motors and pulse width modulation. Research methods: methods of physical and field experiments, analytical methods for calculating the dynamics of the rolling stock. Conclusion: based on the conducted research, it is proposed to perform a promising diesel locomotive in the form of two sections on three two-axle bogies and a booster on two two-axle bogies, as well as to carry out experimental design work to develop an arc-type stator asynchronous motor and traction drives of a diesel locomotive using it.
ASKETISME YESUS SEBAGAI TELADAN BAGI PEMUDA KRISTEN
Authors: Patanduk Sandi A.
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, character is very important especially for young people. Character is the foundation for youth's life to fend off the bad things that may be encountered in the present and that will come. The study in this paper is to expose the development of several scientific works and make it a new topic in making Jesus' asceticism an example for the christian youth who will be featured in his attitude to life.
Metode Pembelajaran : Implementasi Pembelajaran Daring Pada Masa Pandemi Di Dunia Pendidikan Dari Tingkat Sekolah Dasar Hingga Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Bistari Andrista Dwi
Published: December 2021

Pada bulan maret tahun 2020 Covid-19 sudah mulai berkembang dan menyebarkan virus nya di Indonesia. Pertengan bulan maret tersebut disitulah mulai diadakan nya libur selama 2 minggu untuk siswa atau para peserta didik. Pada 16 Maret 2020 pembalajaran secara daring (dalam jaringan) mulai diberlakukan untuk seluruh peserta didik yang ada di Indonesia. Pembelajaran jarak jauh, pembelajaran secara online ataupun pembelajarn secara daring ini membuat seluruh peserta didik dan pendidik kebingungan harus dengan menggunakan apa cara pembelajarannya. Untung saja zaman sekarang sudah sangat canggih, implementasi atau bahan-bahan yang digunakan oleh peserta didik atau pendidik dalam pembelajaran daring ini yaitu dengan mengguanakan laptop, handphone, computer, dan lain sebagainya.
ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR LOKUSI, ILOKUSI, DAN PERLOKUSI PADA DIALOG WEBSERIESNYA RADIT: GAGAL VIRAL
Authors: Pangestuti Vivi Intan
Published: December 2021

Tindak tutur adalah kemampuan bahasa yang dimiliki setiap individu dalam menghadapi situasi tertentu. Tindak tutur ini dibagi menjadi tiga, yakni lokusi, ilokusi, dan perlokusi. Peristiwa ini tidak hanya terjadi di dalam percakapan sehari-hari. Akan tetapi, dalam serial web pun terdapat dialog-dialog yang memiliki maksud tertentu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui maksud yang tersirat dari Webseriesnya Radit: Gagal Viral. Terdapat 62 dialog, 5 konteks lokusi, 9 konteks ilokusi, dan 4 konteks perlokusi dalam Webseriesnya Radit: Gagal Viral.
The Relation of Indonesian Language Learning with the Environment
Authors: Listikal Enia
Published: December 2021

This article describe of The Relation of Indonesian Language Learning with the Environment
Detectando neutrinos fantasmagóricos: minúsculos mensageiros do universo
Authors: DE SOUSA MÁRCIO GUIMARÃES , Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: December 2021

Este artigo é uma versão traduzida do texto original [1], por meio do qual iremos apresentar como os gigantes detectores nos ajudam a decodificar as informações sobre a composição e história das estrelas que são transmitidas pelos neutrinos.
Sequences of seismic and aseismic slip on bimaterial faults show dominant rupture asymmetry and potential for elevated seismic hazard
Authors: Abdelmeguid Mohamed , Elbanna Ahmed
Published: December 2021

We perform numerical simulations of sequences of earthquake and aseismic slip on planar rate and state faults separating dissimilar material within the 2-D plane strain approximation. We resolve all stages of the earthquake cycle from aseismic slip to fast ruptures while incorporating full inertia effects during seismic event propagation. We show that bimaterial coupling results in favorable nucleation site and subsequent asymmetric rupture propagation. We demonstrate that increasing the material contrast enhances this asymmetry leading to higher slip rates and normal stress drops in the preferred rupture propagation direction. The normal stress drop, induced by the bimaterial effect, leads to strong dynamic weakening of the fault and may destabilize the creeping region on a heterogeneous rate and state fault, resulting in extended rupture propagation. Such rupture penetration into creeping patches may lead to more frequent opening of earthquake gates, causing increased seismic hazard. Furthermore, bimaterial coupling may lead to irregular seismicity pattern in terms of event length, peak slip rates,and hypocenter location, depending on the properties of the creeping patches bordering the seismogenically active part of the fault . Our results highlight robust characteristics of bimaterial interfaces that persist over long sequence of events and suggest the need for further exploration of the role of material contrast in earthquake physics and models of seismic hazard.
A Combination of Restudy and Retrieval Practice Maximizes Retention of Briefly Encountered Facts
Authors: Ashby Stefania Rene , Zeithamova Dagmar
Published: December 2021

Is retrieval practice always superior to restudy? In a classic study by Roediger and Karpicke (2006a) long-term retention of information contained in prose passages was found to be best when opportunities to restudy were replaced with opportunities to self-test. We were interested whether this striking benefit for repeated testing at the expense of any restudy replicates when study opportunities are brief, akin to a single mention of a fact in an academic lecture. We were also interested in whether restudying after a test would provide any additional benefits compared to restudying before test. In the current study, participants encountered academically relevant facts a total of three times, each time either studied (S) or self-tested (T). During study, participants predicted the accuracy of their future recall allowing us to track metacognitive awareness of not-yet-mastered material (i.e., metamemory). Final test followed immediately or after a delay (Experiment 1: two days, Experiment 2: seven days). Contrary to prior work, long-term memory was superior for facts the were restudied in addition to self-tested (SST > STT = SSS). We further investigated whether restudy after a test (STS) provides additional benefits compared to restudy before test (SST) but found comparably high delayed recall in both conditions. Finally, exploratory analyses indicated that restudy after test improved metamemory. Together, results show that under some circumstances, balancing repetition and testing can allow for more information to be learned and retained.
Are sex offending allegations viewed differently? Exploring the effect of offense type and conviction status on criminal stigmatization
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Rumney Phil , Sackey Deborah
Published: December 2021

Attitudes towards individuals with sexual convictions play a major role in the formation of legislative action, including sentencing policies and registration and notification procedures. However, there is little research about stigmatization directed at those who are accused of such offenses prior to conviction. In this work we explored this gap by comparing stigmatization (e.g., a desire for social distance, and negative personality attributions) towards people accused of a range of crimes (sexual, violent, and acquisitive), and whether this was further impacted by whether or not allegations led to a conviction. We recruited 403 community-based participants for a between-subjects experimental survey. We found support for the conclusion that people accused of and convicted for sexual offenses are more heavily stigmatized than allegations related to other crime types, and especially so when allegations involved child victims. Stigmatization took the form of greater levels of support for police-initiated notifications about allegations before conviction, increased desires for social distance, and attributions of negative personality traits. We discuss the theoretical and applied implications of these findings in relation to stigma research and issues related to anonymity for those accused of sexual offenses.
A Note on Confusion between Linear and Affine Functions and the Generalized Forms of Gradient
Authors: Malla Supriya , Malla Ganesh
Published: December 2021

Background: Arguably the most frequently used term in science, particularly in mathematics and statistics, is linear. However, confusion arises from the various meanings of linearity instructed in different levels of mathematical courses. The definition of linearity taught in high school is less correct than the one learned in a linear algebra class. The correlation coefficient of two quantitative variables is a numerical measure of the affinity, not only linearity, of two variables. However, every statistics book loosely says it is a measure of linear relationship. This clearly show that there is some confusion between use of the terms the linear function and affine function.

Objective: This article aims at clarifying the confusion between use of the terms linear function and affine function. It also provides more generalized forms of the gradient in different branches of mathematics and show their equivalency.

Materials and Methods: We have used the pure analytical deductive methods to proof the statements. 

Results: We have clearly presented that gradient is the measure of affinity, not just linearity. It becomes a special case of the derivative in calculus, of the least-squares estimate of the regression coefficient in statistics and matrix theory. The gradient can ­­­­be seen in terms of the inverse of the informative matrix in the most general setting of the linear model estimation.

Conclusion: The article has been clearly written to show the distinction between the linear and affine functions in a concise and unambiguous manner. We hope that readers will clearly see various generalizations of the gradient and article itself would be a simple exposition, enlightening, and fun to read.
Unpacking Black Women Superintendents’ Experiences: Intersectionality of Race, Gender, and Resiliency
Authors: Kingsberry Francemise S. , Jean-Marie Gaëtane
Published: December 2021

In keeping with the special issue centered on Gender and Race in the Workplace, this article explores the role that the intersection of race and gender played in the attainment of the superintendency for four Black women superintendents. Despite their increasing presence in educational leadership, Black women continue to experience marginalization such as being overworked, undervalued, and overlooked in the workplace. By examining the barriers these women faced as well as the ways in which they overcame them, much can be weaned from their wisdom and experiences for future aspirants as well as current superintendents. This article highlights the journeys of four Black women superintendents which underscores their intersectionality experiences drawing upon their resilience to achieve success. Their stories, especially in light of the increasingly violent and racially charged settings in which they find themselves, are necessary and deserve a voice. The findings have implications for research and practice.
Pseudo-random number generator based on linear congruence and delayed Fibonacci method
Authors: Cybulski Radosław
Published: December 2021

Pseudo-random number generation techniques are an essential tool to correctly test machine learning processes. The methodologies are many, but also the possibilities to combine them in a new way are plenty. Thus, there is a chance to create mechanisms potentially useful in new and better generators. In this paper, we present a new pseudo-random number generator based on a hybrid of two existing generators - a linear congruential method and a delayed Fibonacci technique. We demonstrate the implementation of the generator by checking its correctness and properties using chi-square, Kolmogorov and TestU01.1.2.3 tests and we apply the Monte Carlo Cross Validation method in classification context to test the performance of the generator in practice.
Which medical schools produce the most neurosurgery residents? An analysis of the 2014–2020 cohort
Authors: Antar Albert , Feghali James , Wicks Elizabeth E. , Sattari Shahab Aldin , Li Sean , Witham Timothy F. , Brem Henry , Huang Judy
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE

In this study, the authors sought to determine which US medical schools have produced the most neurosurgery residents and to evaluate potential associations between recruitment and medical school characteristics.

METHODS

Demographic and bibliometric characteristics were collected for 1572 residents in US-based and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited neurosurgery programs over the 2014 to 2020 match period using publicly available websites. US medical school characteristics were collected, including class size, presence of a home neurosurgery program, number of clinical neurosurgery faculty, research funding, presence of a neurosurgery interest group, and a top 10 ranking via U.S. News & World Report or Doximity. Correlations and associations were then evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), independent-samples t-test, and univariable or stepwise multivariable linear regression, as appropriate.

RESULTS

Vanderbilt University produced the most neurosurgery residents as a percentage of medical graduates at 3.799%. Case Western Reserve University produced the greatest absolute number of neurosurgery residents (n = 40). The following factors were shown to be associated with a higher mean percentage of graduates entering neurosurgery: number of clinical neurosurgery faculty (PCC 0.509, p < 0.001), presence of a neurosurgery interest group (1.022% ± 0.737% vs 0.351% ± 0.327%, p < 0.001) or home neurosurgery program (1.169% ± 0.766% vs 0.428% ± 0.327%, p < 0.001), allopathic compared with osteopathic school (0.976% ± 0.719% vs 0.232% ± 0.272%, p < 0.001), U.S. News top 10 ranking for neurology and neurosurgery (1.923% ± 0.924% vs 0.757% ± 0.607%, p < 0.001), Doximity top 10 residency program ranking (1.715% ± 0.803% vs 0.814% ± 0.688%, p < 0.001), and amount of NIH funding (PCC 0.528, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study have delineated which medical schools produced the most neurosurgery residents currently in training, and the most important independent factors predicting the percentage of graduates entering neurosurgery and the preresidency h-index.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension complicated by diffuse cerebral edema and episodes of severely elevated intracranial pressure: illustrative case
Authors: Turnbull Jeffrey P. , Morreale Vittorio M.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a well-documented condition that typically follows a defined clinical course. Previously published studies describing the pathophysiology of SIH have demonstrated extensive evidence of low intracranial pressure (ICP) driving the clinical features of the condition. Through lumbar puncture and use of intracranial monitoring devices, however, both low and normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressures have been documented. This report outlined and discussed the unique finding of elevated ICP associated with clinical features of SIH.

OBSERVATIONS

Here, the authors presented a case of a patient with spontaneous spinal CSF leak who developed tonsillar herniation, cerebral edema, and subsequent episodes of elevated ICP. Although more diverse presentations of SIH are being reported, the authors believed the case to be unique because SIH was accompanied by elevated ICP.

LESSONS

This case adds to the growing body of literature surrounding SIH by demonstrating that patients can develop elevated CSF pressures associated with acute encephalopathy.
Posterior intraprosthetic dislocation of cervical arthroplasty: illustrative case
Authors: Prod’homme Marc , Grasset Didier , Boscherini Duccio
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Cervical disc herniation is a common condition usually treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or, more recently, with cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA). Both treatments offer similar clinical results. However, CDA has been found to offer fewer medium- to long-term complications as well as potential reduction of long-term adjacent disc degeneration.

OBSERVATIONS

A 40-year-old man was treated with cervical discectomy and arthroplasty due to a C6–C7 disc herniation with left C7 radiculopathy. After the treatment, his postoperative follow-up appointments were uneventful for 9 months. However, after 9 months, he reported cervical pain and a right C7 radiculopathy after neck extension. Imaging confirmed a posterior intraprosthetic dislocation, the first case reported to date. The patient was received emergency surgery under neuromonitoring, and the prosthesis was replaced by an ACDF and anterior plate. The insert presented a rupture of the anterior horn. The patient presented no preoperative or postoperative neurological deficit, and his follow-up review revealed no issues.

LESSONS

Posterior intraprosthetic dislocation is an extremely rare complication. It may occur with Mobi-C cervical arthroplasty in the case of rupture and oxidation of the polyethylene insert. Spine surgeons should be aware of this potential major complication.
Political corruption as a threat to ukrainian national security. The article examines political corruption as one of the biggest threats to Ukraine's national security
Authors: Rybalkin Andriy , Taranina Mariya
Published: December 2021

The current state of corruption in our country in accordance with the statistical indicators of international independent organizations has been studied. The determinants of political corruption have been identified, in particular: direct political, legal and managerial. Regulations in the field of preventing and combating corruption in Ukraine are analyzed. The subjects of anti-corruption in our state have been identified. Based on the analysis, it is proposed to add civil society institutions to the list of authorized entities to increase public confidence in public authorities, as well as for constant control and supervision. It is determined that the level and scale of corruption in Ukraine, the effectiveness of combating corruption processes largely depend on the integrity of elected officials, the democracy of the political system in general and the electoral process in particular. Recent election campaigns in Ukraine show that gross violations of democratic principles of expression of will (government interference in the election process, voter bribery, illegal court decisions) have led to the fact that most elected positions are held by persons who do not meet integrity standards. It is stated that the main content of political corruption is corrupt forms of dynamic policy implementation, abuse of power, lobbying for political and economic decisions beneficial for corporate groups, political patronage, bribery, etc. The content is also a set of different in content and degree of public danger of illegal acts committed to achieve political goals, significantly affect the formation and functioning of government and administration, their adoption and implementation of political decisions, distorting the political and economic course of the state. It is concluded that political upheavals, deepening the gap in the social stratification of society, criminalization of all spheres of public life, manifestations of regional separatism, confessional and other confrontation - this is not a complete list of consequences of political corruption in Ukraine. The presence of the above negative phenomena indicates the low efficiency of legal regulation of social relations, internal threats to both man (citizen), society and the state, and the threat of degradation of the legal system of the state. This is a consequence of the existing political corruption in Ukraine, a manifestation of the fact that the legal system of Ukraine does not meet the new requirements of society.
Protectorate: approaches to interpretations
Authors: Taldykin Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

The article considers the existing approaches in the modern social sciences to the definition of "protectorate". Based on their analysis, it is concluded that the definition of "protectorate" has a multifaceted interpretation. The aim of the work is theoretical and legal analysis of the protectorate, identification of its features and forms. Depending on the subjective composition, a monistic and dualistic interpretation of the term "protectorate" is proposed. The author's version of the concept of "protectorate" is presented as a certain form of semi-colonial, client statehood, which provides for the dependence of one state on another in the field of interstate relations and is characterized by the fact of patronage of a stronger state over a weaker one. The main features of the protectorate are highlighted. It is emphasized that the practical implementation of the clash of civilizational interests of world leaders seeking to form their own geopolitical clusters of influence, creates conditions for a new life of forms of interstate relations that have become classics, namely forms of client statehood,forcing other states. interests, "of their own free will" to give part of their rights and powers, provided they are supported. We are talking about such forms as: associated state, satellite state, puppet state, neo-colony and protectorate. Similar to each other, united by one essential feature: the presence of limited power, these forms require careful analysis. It is worth noting that the terminology of the definition of these forms has been the subject of research by political scientists, philologists and historians, and requires additional state and legal interpretation. The concept of protectorate today does not have a single established interpretation and is used in many variations. Among them, taking into account the above topics, it is worth paying attention to the monistic and dualistic approaches to understanding the protectorate, when the determining criterion for such a distribution will be the quantitative subjective composition. The dualistic approach is more common and assumes the following variations, but they all involve at least two subjects of interstate relations: the protecting state, which exercises power, and the protected state, over which such influence is exercised. Understanding the protectorate in its monistic sense is perceived as a form of temporary sole power, a person (protector) who governs a state with a monarchical form of government until a certain time or in the presence of other special circumstances that make it impossible to exercise power by a monarch. Based on the above, we can determine that the protectorate is a form of semi-colonial, client statehood, which provides for the dependence of one state on another in interstate relations and is characterized by the presence of a stronger state over a weaker (dualistic understanding) or atypical form of monarchy (monistic understanding).
Decentralization in self-government bodies
Authors: Malyuk Kateryna
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of decentralization as a foundation for the formation of local governments in Ukraine. The importance of introducing the reform of decentralization of power on the path of development of Ukraine as a democratic, social, legal state is proved. The activity of local self-government in the conditions of decentralization is currently a priority among the reforms in Ukraine, as new trends in state building of our country, formation of civil society institutions, optimization of the system of local self-government determine new conditions for decentralization. Traditionally, a constant view of decentralization as a process in which independent units that form the bearers of local self-government are formed in a centralized state requires the development of new approaches to the analysis of its content and, accordingly, the search for new opportunities to achieve the goal. The role of decentralization in the formation of the institution of local self-government is crucial. After all, decentralization is a kind of management system, in which part of the functions of central government is transferred to local governments. Decentralization is one of the forms of democracy development, which at the same time preserves the unity of the state and its institutions while expanding the possibilities of local self-government. It aims to activate the population to meet their own needs, to narrow the sphere of state influence on society, to reduce expenditures on the maintenance of the state apparatus. This process promotes direct democracy, as it involves the transfer of control of a number of local affairs directly into the hands of stakeholders. Thus, we can say that decentralization helps to build the civil society we so strive for. As a result of local government reform and decentralization of power, the basis of the new system of local self-government should be united territorial communities, which are formed on a voluntary basis in accordance with the statutory procedure with their own self-government bodies, including executive bodies. The reform should help improve the lives of Ukrainian citizens, as well as build a legal, modern, efficient and, most importantly, competitive European state.