bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activated mesenchymal stem cell administration inhibits chronic alcohol drinking and suppresses relapse‐like drinking in high‐alcohol drinker rats
Authors: Ezquer Fernando , Quintanilla María Elena , Morales Paola , Ezquer Marcelo , Lespay‐Rebolledo Carolyne , Herrera‐Marschitz Mario , Israel Yedy
Published: October 2017

Neuroinflammation has been reported to follow chronic ethanol intake and may perpetuate alcohol consumption. Present studies determined the effect of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), known for their anti‐inflammatory action, on chronic ethanol intake and relapse‐like ethanol intake in a post‐deprivation condition. Rats were allowed 12–17 weeks of chronic voluntary ethanol (10% and 20% v/v) intake, after which a single dose of activated hMSCs (5 × 105) was injected into a brain lateral ventricle. Control animals were administered vehicle. After assessing the effect of hMSCs on chronic ethanol intake for 1 week, animals were deprived of ethanol for 2 weeks and thereafter an ethanol re‐access of 60 min was allowed to determine relapse‐like intake. A single administration of activated hMSCs inhibited chronic alcohol consumption by 70% (P < 0.001), an effect seen within the first 24 hours of hMSCs administration, and reduced relapse‐like drinking by 80% (P < 0.001). In the relapse‐like condition, control animals attain blood ethanol (‘binge‐like’) levels >80 mg/dl. The single hMSC administration reduced relapse‐like blood ethanol levels to 20 mg/dl. Chronic ethanol intake increased by 250% (P < 0.001) the levels of reactive oxygen species in hippocampus, which were markedly reduced by hMSC administration. Astrocyte glial acidic fibrillary protein immunoreactivity, a hallmark of neuroinflammation, was increased by 60–80% (P < 0.001) by chronic ethanol intake, an effect that was fully abolished by the administration of hMSCs. This study supports the neuroinflammation‐chronic ethanol intake hypothesis and suggest that mesenchymal stem cell administration may be considered in the treatment of alcohol use disorders.
A step‐down protocol for omalizumab treatment in oral corticosteroid‐dependent allergic asthma patients
Authors: Domingo Christian , Pomares Xavier , Navarro Albert , Amengual María José , Montón Concepción , Sogo Ana , Mirapeix Rosa M.
Published: October 2017

Aims

There are no specific criteria for a step‐down or withdrawal dose of omalizumab (OMA). Our purpose was to evaluate the viability of a protocol for OMAlizumab DOse REduction (the OMADORE study) in severe allergic asthma (SAA).

Methods

The study population included 35 SAA patients treated during a minimum period of 1 year with oral corticosteroids (OC) equivalent to a mean daily dose of 4 mg of methyl‐prednisolone. To qualify for the protocol, the patients had to have received treatment with OMA for at least one and a half years, OC dose had to have reached the lowest tolerated dose and spirometry had to be greater than or equal to that at entry. The interventions were (a) OMA dose was reduced by half; (b) if patients were clinically stable after 6 months, the dose was halved again; (c) if repeated OC boosters were needed and/or spirometry worsened by more than 10%, OMA dose was raised to the previous figure until stabilization.

Results

Mean age was 52.5 (17) years, median monthly OC dose was 120 (IQR: 225) mg. Pulmonary function: FVC: 79.7 (20.2)%; FEV1: 64.8 (21.7)%; FEV1/ FVC: 61.7(13.8)%. OMA could be withdrawn in 34.3% of the patients; 22.9% tolerated a reduction, and in 42.9% the dose could not be modified. Follow‐up time after reduction or withdrawal ranged from 12 to 30 months. There were no severe exacerbations requiring emergency assistance or admission.

Conclusions

The OMADORE study found that in more than 50% of SAA patients on OC, OMA dose can be safely reduced or withdrawn based on a progressive dose reduction protocol.
Relationship of circulating spexin with markers of cardiovascular disease: a pilot study in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Kumar S. , Hossain M. J. , Javed A. , Kullo I. J. , Balagopal P. B.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Spexin, a novel peptide, has potential implications in obesity, satiety and energy homeostasis. The current study examined the relationship of spexin with various biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and endothelial function in adolescents with obesity.

Methods

Nineteen adolescents with obesity (age, 15.8 ± 1.7 years) were studied. Spexin, leptin and various cardiovascular disease biomarkers were measured. Endothelial function was assessed by high‐resolution Doppler ultrasonography of the right brachial artery.

Results

Spexin concentration (median [interquartile range] 0.38 ng/mL [0.29–0.59 ng/mL]) was inversely correlated (r = −0.50, P = 0.03) with leptin. When participants were clustered into two groups (‘high spexin and low leptin’ vs. ‘low spexin and high leptin’), the odds of having ‘low spexin and high leptin’ in participants with higher hs‐CRP (≥ 3 mg/L) were 12.25 times (95 per cent CI −1 to139, P = 0.026) higher than those of participants with lower hs‐CRP (<3 mg/L). Spexin levels, however, were not associated with measures of endothelial function.

Conclusions

The inverse association between spexin and leptin and the presence of higher concentrations of hs‐CRP in adolescents with obesity in the setting of ‘low spexin and high leptin’ suggest a potential role for spexin in the regulation of satiety and certain cardiovascular risk factors in children with obesity.
Immediate Implant Placement and Provisionalization Following Tumor‐Resective Surgery in the Midfacial Region: A Case Series
Authors: Fernandes Nelson , van den Heever Jacobus , Sykes Leanne
Published: October 2017

Surgical and prosthodontic restoration of the midfacial region following tumor resection has always posed a considerable challenge, as this area serves crucial functional and esthetic roles. Being diagnosed and subsequently treated for facial tumors can have an immense psychosocial impact on a patient, as the resulting defects are often disfiguring, and lead to an inability to masticate, swallow, and speak clearly. Provision of an immediate facial and dental prosthesis at the time of surgery can limit these side effects and help reduce mental duress on these patients and their families, as well as aid in the process of rehabilitation. Rapid prototyping (RP) and 3D printing, as this paper shows, assists presurgical planning of the tumor resection, as well as the manufacture of maxillofacial and dental prostheses. Often these defects are extensive, so prosthesis retention is aided by zygomatic implants placed at the time of surgical resection. When placed at this time, and prior to radiation therapy, these craniofacial implants have improved survival rates. Thus, this treatment modality can improve postoperative recovery considerably, while at the same time allowing for cleaning and monitoring of the resected site for tumor recurrence.
Impact of pediatric obesity on acute asthma exacerbation in Japan
Authors: Okubo Yusuke , Michihata Nobuaki , Yoshida Koichi , Morisaki Naho , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: October 2017

Background

Asthma and obesity are common health problems in children. This study investigated the impact of obesity on children hospitalized with acute asthma exacerbation.

Methods

We obtained the hospital discharge records of inpatients aged 3‐8 years with a diagnosis of asthma using a national inpatient database in Japan. The patients were classified into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese groups using weight for height and body mass index for age provided by the World Health Organization. We compared 30‐day re‐admission, need for intensive care, mean total hospitalization costs, and length of hospital stay between the 4 groups using multivariable regression models.

Results

Overall, 38 679 patients were identified, including 3177 underweight, 28 904 normal weight, 3334 overweight, and 3264 obese patients. The obese group showed significantly higher 30‐day re‐admission (adjusted odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.03‐1.54) and longer length of stay (adjusted difference, 0.12 days; 95% confidence interval, 0.10‐0.20 days) than the normal weight group. The threshold was a 91st percentile of weight for length or body mass index for the relationship with 30‐day re‐admission. No significant difference was observed between the 4 groups regarding the need for intensive care and total hospitalization costs.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrated that obesity was a risk factor for repeated admissions caused by asthma in children, indicating the importance for the prevention of pediatric obesity.
Assessment of public health core competencies in prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students
Authors: Siemon Mark , Gallegos Cara , Gehrke Pamela
Published: October 2017

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the use of the Public Health Foundation's (Public Health Foundation [PHF], ) Competency Assessment for Tier 1 Public Health Professionals to examine prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students' self‐reported levels of competence in public health before and after completing community health nursing courses.

Design

Prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in community health nursing courses completed a pre and postcourse Competency Assessment for Tier 1 Public Health Professionals survey. The survey results were analyzed using nonparametric tests to determine whether there were significant differences in pre and postsurvey scores for the eight domains of public health core competencies, and for an overall competency score.

Results

Significant differences were found in the pre and postaggregate mean scores for each of the eight domains of public health core competency, and the overall mean public health competency score. Chi‐square testing of pre and postcourse competency found significant difference in the proportion of students who met criteria for self‐reported competence in each of the eight domains and overall public health competence.

Conclusion

The Competency Assessment for Tier 1 Public Health Professionals can assist baccalaureate nursing faculty with assessing precourse learning needs, and postcourse evaluation of self‐reported competence in public health.
Epigenetics in aquaculture – the last frontier
Authors: Granada Luana , Lemos Marco F.L. , Cabral Henrique N. , Bossier Peter , Novais Sara C.
Published: October 2017

Aquaculture production is expanding rapidly around the world. To tackle rising production and species diversity issues, innovations in the field of aquaculture feeds, breeding, disease management and other improvements must be addressed. In this framework, the study of epigenetic mechanisms behind different aquaculture rearing processes presents great opportunities. The transcriptional impact of epigenetic modifications, triggered by environmental stimuli, has been shown to influence the organism's phenotype. Therefore, understanding the environmental‐induced epigenetic markers related to disease resistance or other economically important traits will allow the establishment of favourable breeding conditions with increased economical revenue. Several studies have shown epigenetic effects in various species, induced by different rearing conditions, with benefits for the organisms and evidences for heritability of the acquired adaptive phenotypic traits across generations, making these studies even more relevant in a production context. These studies have demonstrated the great potential of epigenetics to positively induce disease resistance, stress tolerance and attain better sex ratios in the aquatic organism. Also, in the field of nutritional epigenetics, the possibility of early nutritional programming to improve the performance of broodstock or even the long‐term performance of their progeny has been suggested. In sum, an increased understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in economically important species, and the epigenetic markers leading to the most favourable phenotypic traits, will contribute to the expansion of economically viable commercial aquaculture industries. The major epigenetic mechanisms and respective analysis methods, as well as the state of the art and potential applications in aquaculture, are addressed in this review.
Long-acting MIC-1/GDF15 molecules to treat obesity: Evidence from mice to monkeys
Authors: Xiong Yumei , Walker Kenneth , Min Xiaoshan , Hale Clarence , Tran Thanhvien , Komorowski Renee , Yang Jerry , Davda Jasmine , Nuanmanee Noi , Kemp Dao , Wang Xiaozhen , Liu Hantao , Miller Silke , Lee Ki Jeong , Wang Zhulun , Véniant Murielle M.
Published: October 2017

Engineered long-acting GDF15-Fc fusion molecules reduce food intake and body weight and improve metabolic profiles in animal models of obesity.
GI-19007, a Novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Based Therapeutic Vaccine against Tuberculosis
Authors: King Thomas H. , Shanley Crystal A. , Guo Zhimin , Bellgrau Donald , Rodell Timothy , Furney Synthia , Henao-Tamayo Marcela , Orme Ian M.
Published: October 2017

As yet, very few vaccine candidates with activity in animals againstMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection have been tested as therapeutic postexposure vaccines. We recently described two pools of mycobacterial proteins with this activity, and here we describe further studies in which four of these proteins (Rv1738, Rv2032, Rv3130, and Rv3841) were generated as a fusion polypeptide and then delivered in a novel yeast-based platform (Tarmogen) which itself has immunostimulatory properties, including activation of Toll-like receptors. This platform can deliver antigens into both the class I and class II antigen presentation pathways and stimulate strong Th1 and Th17 responses. In mice this fusion vaccine, designated GI-19007, was immunogenic and elicited strong gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses; despite this, they displayed minimal prophylactic activity in mice that were subsequently infected with a virulent clinical strain. In contrast, in a therapeutic model in the guinea pig, GI-19007 significantly reduced the lung bacterial load and reduced lung pathology, particularly in terms of secondary lesion development, while significantly improving survival in one-third of these animals. In further studies in which guinea pigs were vaccinated with BCG before challenge, therapeutic vaccination with GI-19007 initially improved survival versus that of animals given BCG alone, although this protective effect was gradually lost at around 400 days after challenge. Given its apparent ability to substantially limit bacterial dissemination within and from the lungs, GI-19007 potentially can be used to limit lung damage as well as facilitating chemotherapeutic regimens in infected individuals.
Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome
Authors: Maier Tanja V. , Lucio Marianna , Lee Lang Ho , VerBerkmoes Nathan C. , Brislawn Colin J. , Bernhardt Jörg , Lamendella Regina , McDermott Jason E. , Bergeron Nathalie , Heinzmann Silke S. , Morton James T. , González Antonio , Ackermann Gail , Knight Rob , Riedel Katharina , Krauss Ronald M. , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Jansson Janet K.
Published: October 2017

Diet can influence the composition of the human microbiome, and yet relatively few dietary ingredients have been systematically investigated with respect to their impact on the functional potential of the microbiome. Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of “omics” approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio ofFirmicutestoBacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of theFirmicutesand concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.

IMPORTANCEThis work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. Although it is known that gut microbes play a key role in digestion of the food that we consume, the specific contributions of different microorganisms are not well understood. In addition, the metabolic pathways and resultant products of metabolism during digestion are highly complex. To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut.
A Single Dual-Function Enzyme Controls the Production of Inflammatory NOD Agonist Peptidoglycan Fragments by
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Lenz Jonathan D. , Hackett Kathleen T. , Dillard Joseph P.
Published: October 2017

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
gonococcus (GC) is a Gram-negative betaproteobacterium and causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. During growth, GC releases lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and peptidoglycan (PG) fragments, which contribute significantly to the inflammatory damage observed during human infection. In ascending infection of human Fallopian tubes, inflammation leads to increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and sterility. Of the PG fragments released by GC, most are disaccharide peptide monomers, and of those, 80% have tripeptide stems despite the observation that tetrapeptide stems make up 80% of the assembled cell wall. We identified a serine-protease
l
,
d
-carboxypeptidase, NGO1274 (LdcA), as the enzyme responsible for converting cell wall tetrapeptide-stem PG to released tripeptide-stem PG. Unlike characterized cytoplasmic LdcA homologs in gammaproteobacteria, LdcA in GC is exported to the periplasm, and its localization is critical for its activity in modifying PG fragments for release. Distinct among other characterized
l
,
d
-carboxypeptidases, LdcA from GC is also capable of catalyzing the cleavage of specific peptide cross-bridges (endopeptidase activity). To define the role of
ldcA
in pathogenesis, we demonstrate that
ldcA
disruption results in both loss of NOD1-dependent NF-κB activation and decreased NOD2-dependent NF-κB activation while not affecting Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist release. Since the human intracellular peptidoglycan receptor NOD1 (hNOD1) specifically recognizes PG fragments with a terminal
meso
-DAP rather than
d
-alanine, we conclude that LdcA is required for GC to provoke NOD1-dependent responses in cells of the human host.

IMPORTANCE
The macromolecular meshwork of peptidoglycan serves essential functions in determining bacterial cell shape, protecting against osmotic lysis, and defending cells from external assaults. The conserved peptidoglycan structure, however, is also recognized by eukaryotic pattern recognition receptors, which can trigger immune responses against bacteria. Many bacteria can induce an inflammatory response through the intracellular peptidoglycan receptor NOD1, but
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
serves as an extreme example, releasing fragments of peptidoglycan into the environment during growth that specifically antagonize human NOD1. Understanding the peptidoglycan breakdown mechanisms that allow
Neisseria
to promote NOD1 activation, rather than avoiding or suppressing immune detection, is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of this increasingly drug-resistant organism. We identify a peptidoglycan
l
,
d
-carboxypeptidase responsible for converting liberated peptidoglycan fragments into the human NOD1 agonist and find that the same enzyme has endopeptidase activity on certain peptidoglycan cross-links, the first described combination of those two activities in a single enzyme.
What data sources do ophthalmologists trust?
Authors: Stewart William C , Stewart Jeanette A , Nelson Lindsay A
Published: October 2017

To survey ophthalmologists regarding sources they trust when incorporating new medical knowledge into their practice. The survey was distributed primarily to US-based ophthalmologists. Questions were derived based on the lead author’s research experience from congresses and discussions and from mentions in the medical literature. In total, 77 physicians completed the survey of 1886 sent (4% response rate). Regarding study design, physicians preferred a well-controlled, randomised, double-masked trial (99%) with multicentred investigational site across a wide geographical area (80%). Authorship of a research article was most desired from a well-known key opinion leader (KOL) (75%) or any KOL leader at a university (75%). The most selected journal type was a subspecialty publication (86%) and second a multispecialty high impact journal (77%). Study sponsorship was most desired from the NIH or other government agencies (71%) or a university (71%). Doctors preferred clinical opinions from an ophthalmic medical society (75%). For the source of new clinical data, physicians indicated an unsponsored peer-reviewed journal article (77%) or a lecture at a large ophthalmic congress (74%) as the preferred source. Ophthalmologists generally desire sponsors, study designs and opinions that appear free of bias on which to base their clinical practice decisions.
Effects of reclamation years on composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities in Northwest China
Authors: Cheng Zhibo , Zhang Fenghua , Gale William Jeffrey , Wang Weichao , Sang Wen , Yang Haichang
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate bacterial community structure and diversity in soil aggregate fractions when salinized farmland was reclaimed after >27 years of abandonment and then farmed again for 1, 5, 10, and 15 years. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was performed to characterize the soil bacterial communities in 5 aggregate size classes in each treatment. The results indicated that reclamation significantly increased macro-aggregation (>0.25 mm), as well as soil organic C, available N, and available P. The 10-year field had the largest proportion (93.9%) of soil in the macro-aggregate size classes (i.e., >0.25 mm) and the highest soil electrical conductivity. The 5 most dominant phyla in the soil samples were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The phylogenetic diversity, Chao1, and Shannon indices increased after the abandoned land was reclaimed for farming, reaching maximums in the 15-year field. Among aggregate size classes, the 1–0.25 mm aggregates generally had the highest phylogenetic diversity, Chao1, and Shannon indices. Soil organic C and soil electrical conductivity were the main environmental factors affecting the soil bacterial communities. The composition and structure of the bacterial communities also varied significantly depending on soil aggregate size and time since reclamation.
SPECTRUM OF THE LAPLACIAN ON THE VICSEK SET “WITH NO LOOSE ENDS”
Authors: STRICHARTZ ROBERT S. , ZHU JIANGYUE
Published: October 2017

We study the spectral properties of a fractal the Vicsek set “with no loose ends” (VNLE) obtained from the standard Vicsek set (VS) by making a countable number of identifications of points so that all the line segments in VS become circles in VNLE. We show that the standard Laplacian on VNLE satisfies spectral decimation with the same cubic renormalization polynomial as for VS, and thereby give a complete description of all eigenfunctions of the Laplacian. We then study the restrictions of eigenfunctions to the large circles in VNLE and prove that these are Lipschitz functions.
Visual Servoing of Humanoid Dual-Arm Robot with Neural Learning Enhanced Skill Transferring Control
Authors: Yang Chenguang , Chen Junshen , Ju Zhaojie , Annamalai Andy S. K.
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a novel combination of visual servoing (VS) control and neural network (NN) learning on humanoid dual-arm robot. A VS control system is built by using stereo vision to obtain the 3D point cloud of a target object. A least square-based method is proposed to reduce the stochastic error in workspace calibration. An NN controller is designed to compensate for the effect of uncertainties in payload and other parameters (both internal and external) during the tracking control. In contrast to the conventional NN controller, a deterministic learning technique is utilized in this work, to enable the learned neural knowledge to be reused before current dynamics changes. A skill transfer mechanism is also developed to apply the neural learned knowledge from one arm to the other, to increase the neural learning efficiency. Tracked trajectory of object is used to provide target position to the coordinated dual arms of a Baxter robot in the experimental study. Robotic implementations has demonstrated the efficiency of the developed VS control system and has verified the effectiveness of the proposed NN controller with knowledge-reuse and skill transfer features.
Applications of Cyber-Physical System: A Literature Review
Authors: Chen Hong
Published: October 2017

Cyber-Physical System (CPS), a new generation of digital system, mainly focuses on complex interdependencies and integration between cyberspace and physical world. A CPS is composed of highly-integrated computation, communication, control, and physical elements. CPS is currently of interest in academia, industry, and government. However, a systematic and extensive review of research on CPS is not available. As such, this paper conducts an expanded literature review on applications of CPS by examining existing literatures from 2012 to 2017 in Scopus database. Specifically, 77 papers studying applications of CPS are grouped into 10 categories and reviewed. The contents of the papers in each research category are summarized. The challenges and trends of research on CPS are illustrated as well.
Theoretical Foundations for Cyber-Physical Systems: A Literature Review
Authors: Chen Hong
Published: October 2017

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a kind of large-scale and networked system that has drawn much attention in academia recently. Existing studies provide the extent for CPS research, but a systematic and extensive review of recent research on CPS is missing. Accordingly, this paper reviews 83 papers regarding theoretical foundations for CPS from 2012 to 2017 in the Scopus database aiming to provide scholars and practitioners with a comprehensive overview. The selected papers are grouped into 10 research categories. The contents of the papers in each research category are summarized. The challenges and research trends are illustrated as well.
Oxidative Stress and Cellular Response to Doxorubicin: A Common Factor in the Complex Milieu of Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Cappetta Donato , De Angelis Antonella , Sapio Luigi , Prezioso Lucia , Illiano Michela , Quaini Federico , Rossi Francesco , Berrino Liberato , Naviglio Silvio , Urbanek Konrad
Published: October 2017

The production of reactive species is a core of the redox cycling profile of anthracyclines. However, these molecular characteristics can be viewed as a double‐edged sword acting not only on neoplastic cells but also on multiple cellular targets throughout the body. This phenomenon translates into anthracycline cardiotoxicity that is a serious problem in the growing population of paediatric and adult cancer survivors. Therefore, better understanding of cellular processes that operate within but also go beyond cardiomyocytes is a necessary step to develop more effective tools for the prevention and treatment of progressive and often severe cardiomyopathy experienced by otherwise successfully treated oncologic patients. In this review, we focus on oxidative stress‐triggered cellular events such as DNA damage, senescence, and cell death implicated in anthracycline cardiovascular toxicity. The involvement of progenitor cells of cardiac and extracardiac origin as well as different cardiac cell types is discussed, pointing to molecular signals that impact on cell longevity and functional competence.
Burning Mouth Syndrome: Aetiopathogenesis and Principles of Management
Authors: Feller L. , Fourie J. , Bouckaert M. , Khammissa R. A. G. , Ballyram R. , Lemmer J.
Published: October 2017

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic debilitating oral condition characterised by a burning sensation of the oral mucosa in an otherwise apparently normal person. Its aetiology and pathogenesis are obscure, but both psychogenic factors and peripheral and central neuropathies appear to be implicated. There is no cure for BMS, and treatment with either local or systemic medications focuses on the relief of symptoms and on improving quality of life. In recalcitrant cases, psychological/psychiatric intervention may be helpful. In order to improve treatment outcomes, a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this syndrome might provide a basis for the development of more effective management strategies. In this short review, we discuss current knowledge of the diagnosis, aetiopathogenesis, and management of BMS.
Antioxidative Effects of Natural Products on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yan Bingdi , Ren Jin , Zhang Qinghua , Gao Rong , Zhao Fenglian , Wu Junduo , Yang Junling
Published: October 2017

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common and severe complication of diabetes and results in high mortality. It is therefore imperative to develop novel therapeutics for the prevention or inhibition of the progression of DCM. Oxidative stress is a key mechanism by which diabetes induces DCM. Hence, targeting of oxidative stress-related processes in DCM could be a promising therapeutic strategy. To date, a number of studies have shown beneficial effects of several natural products on the attenuation of DCM via an antioxidative mechanism of action. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive and concise overview of the previously reported antioxidant natural products in the inhibition of DCM progression. Clinical trials of the antioxidative natural products in the management of DCM are included. In addition, discussion and perspectives are further provided in the present review.
Gender Differences in the Progression of Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease Induced by Chronic Nitric Oxide Inhibition
Authors: Fanelli Camilla , Dellê Humberto , Cavaglieri Rita Cassia , Dominguez Wagner Vasques , Noronha Irene L.
Published: October 2017

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a public health problem, assuming epidemic proportions worldwide. In this context, the preponderance of CKD prevalence in male over age-matched female patients is of note. In the present study, we investigated the impact of the gender on the development of experimental CKD induced by chronic nitric oxide (NO) inhibition in Wistar male and female rats through the administration of L-NAME. CKD model induced by L-NAME is characterized by systemic vasoconstriction, resulting in severe hypertension, albuminuria, renal ischemia, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial expansion, and macrophage infiltration. After 30 days of CKD induction, male NAME rats exhibited remarkable albuminuria, augmented cortical histological damage, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. Age-matched female NAME rats showed significantly lower albuminuria, diminished glomerular ischemia, and glomerulosclerosis, as well as a significant reduction in the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin renal interstitial Ang II+cells. Thus, the present study demonstrated that female rats submitted to the NAME model developed less severe CKD than males. Female renoprotection could be promoted by both the estrogen anti-inflammatory activity and/or by the lack of testosterone, related to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system hyperactivation and fibrogenesis. However, the influence of sex hormones on the progression of CKD needs to be further investigated.
A Semiactive and Adaptive Hybrid Control System for a Tracked Vehicle Hydropneumatic Suspension Based on Disturbance Identification
Authors: Han Shousong , Chao Zhiqiang , Liu Xiangbo
Published: October 2017

The riding conditions for a high-speed tracked vehicle are quite complex. To enhance the adaptability of suspension systems to different riding conditions, a semiactive and self-adaptive hybrid control strategy based on disturbance velocity and frequency identification was proposed. A mathematical model of the semiactive, self-adaptive hybrid suspension control system, along with a performance evaluation function, was established. Based on a two-degree-of-freedom (DOF) suspension system, the kinematic relations and frequency zero-crossing detection method were defined, and expressions for the disturbance velocity and disturbance frequency of the road were obtained. Optimal scheduling of the semiactive hybrid damping control gain (csky, cground, chybrid) and self-adaptive control gain (cv) under different disturbances were realized by exploiting the particle swarm multiobjective optimization algorithm. An experimental study using a carefully designed test rig was performed under a number of typical riding conditions of tracked vehicles, and the results showed that the proposed control strategy is capable of accurately recognizing different disturbances, shifting between control modes (semiactive/self-adaptive), and scheduling the damping control gain according to the disturbance identification outcomes; hence, the proposed strategy could achieve a good trade-off between ride comfort and ride safety and efficiently increase the overall performance of the suspension under various riding conditions.
Long-Term Effectiveness of a Stress Management Intervention at Work: A 9-Year Follow-Up Study Based on a Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial in Male Managers
Authors: Li Jian , Riedel Natalie , Barrech Amira , Herr Raphael M. , Aust Birgit , Mörtl Kathrin , Siegrist Johannes , Gündel Harald , Angerer Peter
Published: October 2017

Objective. Short- and medium-term effectiveness (up to 3 years) of individual level stress management interventions (SMI) at work were demonstrated, yet long-term effectiveness remains unexplored. We therefore aimed to address this research gap. Methods. 94 male middle managers participated in a randomized wait-list controlled trial between 2006 and 2008 and in a post-trial-follow-up survey in 2015. During the first two years, all received an 18-hour psychotherapeutic SMI intervention which was based on the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model: tackling stressor on mismatch between effort and reward and promoting recovery on overcommitment. Work stress (i.e., ERI indicators) was the primary outcome, and the secondary outcome was depressive symptoms. The long-term effectiveness of the SMI was examined by mixed modeling, using an external control group (n=94). Results. Effort and reward were substantially improved with significant intervention ⁎ time interaction effects (p<0.001) compared to the external control group; effects on overcommitment and depressive symptoms were also significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01, resp.), though their trajectories in the intervention group were less sustainable. Conclusions. The effectiveness of this psychotherapeutic SMI at work based on the ERI model was observed over a 9-year period, particularly on the effort-reward ratio.
Application of Real-Time 3D Navigation System in CT-Guided Percutaneous Interventional Procedures: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Bhattacharji Priya , Moore William
Published: October 2017

Introduction. To evaluate the accuracy of a quantitative 3D navigation system for CT-guided interventional procedures in a two-part study. Materials and Methods. Twenty-two procedures were performed in abdominal and thoracic phantoms. Accuracies of the 3D anatomy map registration and navigation were evaluated. Time used for the navigated procedures was recorded. In the IRB approved clinical evaluation, 21 patients scheduled for CT-guided thoracic and hepatic biopsy and ablations were recruited. CT-guided procedures were performed without following the 3D navigation display. Accuracy of navigation as well as workflow fitness of the system was evaluated. Results. In phantoms, the average 3D anatomy map registration error was 1.79 mm. The average navigated needle placement accuracy for one-pass and two-pass procedures, respectively, was 2.0±0.7 mm and 2.8±1.1 mm in the liver and 2.7±1.7 mm and 3.0±1.4 mm in the lung. The average accuracy of the 3D navigation system in human subjects was 4.6 mm ± 3.1 for all procedures. The system fits the existing workflow of CT-guided interventions with minimum impact. Conclusion. A 3D navigation system can be performed along the existing workflow and has the potential to navigate precision needle placement in CT-guided interventional procedures.
Implementing an Oxygen Supplementation and Monitoring Protocol on Inpatient Pediatric Bronchiolitis: An Exercise in Deimplementation
Authors: LeCleir Brian , Jurecko Leslie , Davis Alan T. , Andersen Nicholas J. , Sanfilippo Dominic , Rajasekaran Surender , Olivero Anthony
Published: October 2017

Aim. Our goal in this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of our oxygen (O2) protocol to reduce length of stay (LOS) for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. Methods. In this retrospective cohort study, the outcomes of children ≤ 24 months old that were admitted with bronchiolitis and placed on the O2 protocol were compared to historical controls. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay. Secondary outcomes were duration of O2 supplementation, rates of pediatric intensive care unit transfer, and readmission. Results. Groups were not significantly different in age, gender, and rates of respiratory distress score assessment. Significantly more severely ill patients were in the O2 protocol group. There were no significant differences between control and O2 protocol groups with regard to mean LOS, rates of pediatric intensive care unit transfer, or seven-day readmission rates. By multiple regression analysis, the use of the O2 protocol was associated with a nearly 20% significant decrease in the length of hospitalization (p=0.030). Conclusion. Use of O2 supplementation protocol increased LOS in the more ill patients with bronchiolitis but decreased overall LOS by having a profound effect on patients with mild bronchiolitis.
Goreisan Inhibits Upregulation of Aquaporin 4 and Formation of Cerebral Edema in the Rat Model of Juvenile Hypoxic‐Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Yano Yoshiaki , Yano Hajime , Takahashi Hisaaki , Yoshimoto Kouhei , Tsuda Shinji , Fujiyama Kenta , Izumo-Shimizu Yusuke , Motoie Ryota , Ito Masanori , Tanaka Junya , Ishii Eiichi , Fukuda Mitsumasa
Published: October 2017

Secondary cerebral edema regulation is of prognostic significance in hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral edema. The traditional Japanese herbal medicine Goreisan relieves brain edema in adults; however, its effect and pharmacological mechanism in children are unknown. We investigated the effects of Goreisan on HIE‐associated brain edema and AQP4 expression in a juvenile rat model, established by combined occlusion of middle cerebral and common carotid arteries. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the lesion areas were significantly smaller in the Goreisan‐ (2 g/kg) treated group than in the nontreated (saline) group at 24 and 48 h postoperatively. AQP4 mRNA levels in the lesion and nonlesion sides were significantly suppressed in the Goreisan group compared with the nontreated group 36 h postoperatively. Western blotting revealed that levels of AQP4 protein were significantly decreased in the Goreisan group compared with the nontreated group in the lesion side 72 h postoperatively, but not at 12 or 36 h. After 14 days, the Goreisan group had a significantly better survival rate. These findings suggest that Goreisan suppresses brain edema in HIE and improves survival in juvenile rats, possibly via regulation of AQP4 expression and function.
Comparison of the Performance of Urinary Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens Cocktail (ESAT6, CFP10, and MPT64) with Culture and Microscopy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Turbawaty Dewi Kartika , Sugianli Adhi Kristianto , Soeroto Arto Yuwono , Setiabudiawan Budi , Parwati Ida
Published: October 2017

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Our study aimed to evaluate the performance of urinary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens cocktail (ESAT6, CFP10, and MPT64) compared with culture and microscopy. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, from January 2014 to October 2016. A total of 141 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were included. Sputum samples were examined for acid-fast bacilli (ZN stain) and mycobacterial culture (LJ); the Mtb antigens cocktail was examined in the urine sample. The positivity rate of TB detection from the three methods was as follows: AFB 52/141 (36.9%), culture 50/141 (35.5%), and urinary Mtb antigens cocktail 95/141 (67.4%). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of urinary Mtb antigens cocktail were 68.2%, 33%, 31.6%, and 69.6%, respectively. Validity of combination of both methods with culture as a gold standard yielded sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 90%, 28.6%, 40.9%, and 83.8%, respectively. Combination of urinary Mtb antigens cocktail with AFB as a screening test gives a good sensitivity, although the specificity is reduced. Urinary Mtb antigens cocktail can be used as screening test for pulmonary tuberculosis.
Recovery from Cogwheel Rigidity and Akinesia and Improvement in Vibration Sense and Olfactory Perception following Removal of an Epoxy-Oleic Acid DNA Adduct
Authors: Monro Jean A. , McLaren-Howard John , Shah Mussadiq , Julu Peter O. O. , Puri Basant K.
Published: October 2017

The epoxy fatty acidcis-12,13-epoxy-oleic acid, which acts as a DNA adduct, may be generated during long-term storage of many seed oils, including those used in cooking, with frying oils and fried foods being a major source in the modern human diet. Removal of this epoxy fatty acid from the locus of theN-formyl peptide receptors was associated with recovery from cogwheel rigidity and akinesia as well as with improvement in vibration sense and olfactory perception.
Computer Simulation of Metal Ions Transport to Uneven Substrates during Ionized Plasma Vapour Deposition
Authors: Ibehej Tomáš , Hromádka Jakub , Hrach Rudolf
Published: October 2017

We present a computational study of processes taking place in a sheath region formed near a negatively biased uneven substrate during ionized plasma vapour deposition. The sputtered metal atoms are ionized on their way to substrate and they are accelerated in the sheath near the substrate. They are able to penetrate to high-aspect-ratio structures, for example, trenches, which can be, therefore, effectively coated. The main technique used was a two-dimensional particle simulation. The results of our model predict the energy and angular distributions of impinging ions in low-pressure conditions which are characteristic for this method and where typical continuous models fail due to unfulfilled assumptions. Input bulk plasma properties were computed by a “zero dimensional” global model which took into account more physical processes important on a scale of the whole magnetron chamber. Output parameters, such as electrostatic potential, energy of ions, and ion fluxes, were computed for wide range of conditions (electron density and substrate bias) to show the influence of these conditions on observed phenomena, penetration of sheath inside the trench, deceleration of argon and copper ions inside the trench, and local maxima of ion fluxes near the trench opening.
Large Retroperitoneal Haemorrhage Following Cyst Rupture in a Patient with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mabillard Holly , Srivastava Shalabh , Haslam Philip , Karasek Maciej , Sayer John A.
Published: October 2017

The complications of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) include cyst rupture and haemorrhage leading to loin pain and frank haematuria. Risk factors include large kidney volume, hypertension, and renal impairment. We present a case of a young male who, following trauma to the kidney, had a life threatening bleed from his polycystic kidney. The case was initially treated with fluid resuscitation and blood transfusion but necessitated radiological embolization of bleeding source to control the blood loss. We review the risk factors and management of cyst haemorrhage in patients with ADPKD. Contact sports should be avoided as cyst rupture can lead to severe life threatening haemorrhage.
Three Different Methods for New Soliton Solutions of the Generalized NLS Equation
Authors: Jawad Anwar Ja’afar Mohamad
Published: October 2017

Three different methods are applied to construct new types of solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. First, the Csch method is used to carry out the solutions; then the Extended Tanh-Coth method and the modified simple equation method are used to obtain the soliton solutions. The effectiveness of these methods is demonstrated by applications to the RKL model, the generalized derivative NLS equation. The solitary wave solutions and trigonometric function solutions are obtained. The obtained solutions are very useful in the nonlinear pulse propagation through optical fibers.
Preoperative C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery for Colon Carcinoma
Authors: Xiang Dong , Xing Hailin , Tai Huiyu , Xie Guozhu
Published: October 2017

Background. Postoperative delirium (POD) is a very common complication in operative disciplines, especially in those elderly patients after cardiac surgery. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and POD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colon carcinoma. Methods. 160 elderly patients scheduled to undergo selective laparoscopic surgery for colon carcinoma were prospectively recruited in this present study. The preoperative demographic and medical characteristics, intraoperative variables, and postoperative complications were all recorded in detail. POD assessment was performed once a day for the first 3 days and at 7th day after surgery, respectively. CRP concentrations preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 were measured by using human enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. Of all the 160 enrolled patients, 39 had suffered POD with a POD incidence of 24.4% within the first week after the operation. The univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis suggested preoperative CRP concentrations as the only independent predicator for POD in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colon carcinoma (OR: 5.87; 95% CI: 2.22–11.4; P=0.018). Conclusions. This present study highlighted the predictive role of preoperative CRP concentrations for POD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colon carcinoma.