bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transition-Metal-Doped Nickel–Cobalt Layered Double Hydroxide Catalysts for an Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Zhihan , Yi Wenjing , Pang Qingqing , Zhang Meng , Liu Zhongyi
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen plays a vital role in the global shift toward cleaner energy solutions, with water electrolysis standing out as one of the most promising techniques for generating hydrogen. Despite its potential, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) involved in this process faces significant challenges, including high overpotentials and slow reaction rates, which underscore the need for advanced electrocatalytic materials to enhance efficiency. Noble metal catalysts are effective but expensive, so transition-metal-based electrocatalysts like nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo LDHs) have become promising alternatives. In this research, a series of NiCo LDH catalysts doped with Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were effectively produced using a one-step hydrothermal technique. Among the catalysts, the Fe-doped NiCo LDH exhibited OER activity, achieving a lower overpotential (289 mV) at a current density of 50 mA/cm2, which was far better than the 450 mV of the undoped NiCo LDH. The Mn-, Cu-, and Zn-NiCo LDHs also exhibited lower overpotentials of 414 mV, 403 mV, and 357 mV, respectively, at this current density. The Fe-doped NiCo LDH had a 3D layered nanoflower structure, increasing the surface area for reactant adsorption. The electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), as indicated by the double-layer capacitance (Cdl), was larger in the doped samples. The Cdl value of the Fe-doped NiCo LDH was 3.72 mF/cm2, significantly surpassing the 0.82 mF/cm2 of the undoped NiCo LDH. These changes improved charge transfer and optimized reaction kinetics, enhancing the overall OER performance. This study offers significant contributions to the development of efficient electrocatalysts for the OER, advancing the understanding of key design principles for enhanced catalytic performance.
Punch Edge Topological Design for Reduction of Work Hardening Damage in Shearing of Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets
Authors: Okada Ryoma , Ito Kentaro , Funazuka Tatsuya , Aizawa Tatsuhiko , Shiratori Tomomi
Published: February 2025

A new shearing tool is necessary to reduce the iron loss of motor cores by minimizing the work hardening damage on the sheared non-oriented electrical steel sheets. The punch edge topology and the clearance between the punch and the die were controlled to investigate their influence on the sheared surface condition and the work hardening damage of steel sheets. A non-oriented electrical steel sheet with the thickness of 500 µm was used and sheared at the speed of 5 mm/s. After that, the sheared surface was investigated. In particular, hardness mapping was utilized to quantitatively analyze the work-hardened area of the sheared steel sheets and the dissipation of the plastic work. Among the four punch edge topological configurations explored, the nano-grooved punch employed straight along the shearing direction reduced the damage dealt to the sheared steel sheets and the plastic dissipation work to one-third compared to conventional punches.
Modeling Key Characteristics of Rigid Polyisocyanurate Foams to Improve Sandwich Panel Production Process
Authors: Kirpluks Mikelis , Sture-Skela Beatrise , Bariss Uldis , Audzevica Iveta , Pasters Uldis , Kurma Nikolajs , Vēvere Laima
Published: February 2025

This study explores the optimization of rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam formulations, focusing on foaming kinetics that significantly influence the foam’s microstructure and thermal insulation properties. By systematically altering components such as isocyanate, polyols, catalysts, blowing agents, and additives, this research investigates their effects on key characteristics including cell density, mechanical strength, and thermal conductivity. A statistical approach known as response surface modeling (RSM) was employed to identify relationships between formulation variables and performance metrics. The optimization aimed to enhance thermal insulation while ensuring feasibility for industrial-scale production, particularly for sandwich-type PIR panels. Two distinct formulations, with isocyanate indices of 335 and 400, were developed to assess the impact of various parameters on properties like foaming start time, gel time, and density. The results indicated that the choice of blowing agents and catalysts played a pivotal role in controlling foaming kinetics and final mechanical properties. The optimized formulations exhibited competitive thermal conductivity values (around 23.7 mW/(m·K)) and adequate compression strength (0.32 MPa), aligning closely with commercially available materials. These findings affirm the potential for enhancing production efficiency and performance consistency in the manufacturing of rigid PIR foams for insulation applications.
Robot-Assisted Approach to Diabetes Care Consultations: Enhancing Patient Engagement and Identifying Therapeutic Issues
Authors: Asada Yuya , Horiguchi Tomomi , Yagi Kunimasa , Komatsu Mako , Yamashita Ayaka , Ueta Ren , Yamaaki Naoto , Shikida Mikifumi , Nishio Shuichi , Inagaki Michiko
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a rapidly increasing global health challenge compounded by a critical shortage of diabetes care and education specialists. Robot-assisted diabetes care offers a cost-effective and scalable alternative to traditional methods such as training and dispatching human experts. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using robots for diabetes care consultations by examining their ability to elicit meaningful patient feedback, identify therapeutic issues, and assess their potential as substitutes for human specialists. Materials and Methods: A robot-assisted consultation programme was developed by selecting an appropriate robot, designing the programme content, and tailoring back-channel communication elements. Experienced diabetes care nurses operated the robot during the consultations. Patient feedback was collected through a 17-item questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale (evaluating functionality, impressions, and effects). Additionally, a five-item questionnaire was used to assess whether the programme helped patients reflect on the key therapeutic domains of diabetes knowledge, diet, exercise, medications, and blood glucose control. Results: This study included 32 participants (22 males; mean age, 69.7 ± 12.6 years; mean HbA1c, 7.2 ± 1.0%). None of the participants reported any discomfort during the consultation. Sixteen of the seventeen feedback items scored above the median of 3, as did all five therapeutic reflection items. The interview content analysis revealed the programme’s ability to differentiate patients facing issues in treatment compliance from those effectively managing their condition. Robots can elicit valuable patient narratives like human specialists. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study support the feasibility of robot-assisted diabetes care to assist human experts. Future research should explore the programme’s application with healthcare professionals with limited experience in diabetes care, further demonstrating its scalability and utility in diverse healthcare settings.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of ESBL E. coli in Early Broiler Production Stage and Farm Environment in Lithuania
Authors: Kasparaviciene Beatrice , Novoslavskij Aleksandr , Aksomaitiene Jurgita , Stankeviciene Jurate , Kasetiene Neringa , Sinkevicius Romualdas , Malakauskas Mindaugas
Published: February 2025

Escherichia coli, a major opportunistic pathogen in chickens, poses a serious threat to poultry production and public health via potential zoonotic transmission of ESBL-producing strains. Therefore, this study aimed to emphasize broilers as early carriers of ESBL E. coli and provide deeper insights into antimicrobial resistance of these bacteria. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (MIC) testing of ESBL E. coli in cloacal and environmental samples from one-day-old and five-day-old broilers was conducted on three different growth cycles from a conventional poultry farm in Lithuania. Confirmed prevalence of ESBL E. coli in cloacal samples ranged from 0% to 57.5%, and in environmental swabs from 0% to 25%. All 102 ESBL E. coli isolates were susceptible to meropenem, imipenem, fosfomycin, and colistin. However, 93.14% of the strains were resistant to ceftriaxone (89.06–100%, depending on bacteria isolation source), 97.06% to ciprofloxacin (95.31–100%), and 66.67% to tetracycline (26.09–100%). Additionally, 80.39% of ESBL E. coli strains exhibited multidrug resistance. In total, 23 different antimicrobial resistance profiles were confirmed, with CRO/AMS/AUG/CIP/SXT/TE and CRO/CIP being the most common, detected in 18 of the 102 strains. The detection of widespread antimicrobial-resistant ESBL E. coli in five-day-old broilers emphasizes the need to implement control strategies early in the broiler production cycle.
Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: A Comprehensive Review from Epidemiology to Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Diani Erica , Cecchetto Riccardo , Tonon Emil , Mantoan Marco , Lotti Virginia , Lagni Anna , Palmisano Asia , Piccaluga Pier Paolo , Gibellini Davide
Published: February 2025

Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) is the etiological agent of a poorly studied acute viral disease, causing several epidemic waves observed in the western Siberia regions of Omsk, Kurgan, Novosibirsk, and Tyumen. OHFV is a flavivirus and shares structural and morphological features with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) complex viruses. The disease’s symptoms show high variability, from flu-like symptoms, hyperesthesia, and petechial rush in the upper body to high fever and hemorrhagic manifestations, with a fatality rate of about 1%. The real number of OHFV-infected people is still unknown due to the difficulties in diagnosis and the presence of asymptomatic patients that lead to an underestimation of the total cases. Little is known about the viral infection dynamics at the molecular and cellular levels, the viral involvement in immune escape, cellular pathways alteration, or metabolic influence. It is noteworthy that no clinical trials have currently been performed for effective and specific drug treatments. In this review, we will give an overview of OHFV interactions with humans and animals, diagnostic tools, and drug treatments. We aim to highlight the importance of a frequently undiagnosed or misdiagnosed viral infection that might also even cause severe clinical manifestations such as meningitis and hemorrhage, in order to point out the need to develop new research studies, new diagnostic tools, and new treatments for OHFV.
The Role of Monocyte Distribution Width (MDW) in the Prediction of Death in Adult Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Theodoridis Dimitrios , Tsifi Angeliki , Magiorkinis Emmanouil , Tsamakidis Xenofon , Voulgaridis Apostolos , Moustaferi Evgenia , Skrepetou Nikoletta , Tsifis Sotirios , Ioannidis Anastasios , Chronopoulos Efstathios , Chatzipanagiotou Stylianos
Published: February 2025

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition; it is a major cause of hospital mortality worldwide and it constitutes a global health problem. This research investigates the use of MDW as a predictor for septic patients. This was a double-center prospective cohort study of adult septic patients. Septic patients were identified and were categorized into two categories: those who improved and those who died. Blood was drawn from the patients three times, on the first, third, and fifth day of their admission to the hospital. MDW was evaluated as a biomarker to predict patient outcome. In addition, existing inflammatory markers were recorded in all patients. The MDW was able to predict patient’s outcome. The average MDW was found to be significantly higher in patients who died in all records. For example, an MDW value of 28.4 on the first day of admission to the hospital was shown to be the best cut-off value in determining fatal outcomes; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed an area under the curve value of 0.71 (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 0.57–0.84) with a sensitivity of 64.7% and a specificity of 88.2%. In conclusion, MDW, in addition to being a marker that can quickly detect sepsis more effectively than other biomarkers, which is proven by numerous studies, could also be used as an indicator to predict patient outcome. This work is an attempt in that direction.
Retrospective and Prospective Surveillance and Clinical Presentation of Parvovirus B19 in Veneto, Italy, 2024
Authors: Tonon Michele , Panaite Stefan-Alexandru , Gentili Davide , Ferraresso Anna , Da Re Filippo , Ballarin Debora , Zanella Francesca , Padovan Maria Teresa , Pascarella Michela , Mondino Sara , Riccardo Flavia , Palamara Anna Teresa , Cogo Nicola , Milani Marco , Nicoletti Michele , Pagin Gloria , Varalta Maria Silvia , Cozza Andrea , Cazzaro Romina , Russo Francesca , Baldo Vincenzo
Published: February 2025

The recent increase in parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections across Europe has underscored the need for enhanced surveillance. In Italy, B19V surveillance is not mandated nationally. This ambispective (retrospective and prospective) study aimed to assess the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the 2024 apparent surge in the Veneto Region by implementing mandatory disease notification starting in May 2024 and collecting clinical data on confirmed cases. During the surveillance period, 3156 B19V cases were reported, with 2.9% (93/3156) requiring hospitalisation (95% CI 2.4–3.5%). Children under 1 year of age exhibited the highest hospitalisation rate (29.0%), followed by adults aged 18–40 (17.5%). Infections disproportionately affected children aged 1–5 and 6–11, and the Granger causality test showed that an increase in cases among the 1–5-year-olds was predictive of subsequent rises in other age groups (p = 0.0086). Severe complications, including myocarditis, pericarditis, and miscarriage, were observed, and one death occurred following cardiac and neurological complications in a patient without prior risk factors. The presence of concurrent pathologies, particularly haematological disorders, was associated with increased disease severity. These findings highlight the importance of early warning when cases begin rising among preschool-aged children and underscore the need for improved B19V awareness, particularly in high-risk populations. Future efforts should evaluate the feasibility of implementing a systematic, potentially EU-wide, surveillance for B19V.
Identification, Characterization, and Epidemiological Analysis of Lactococcus garvieae Fish Isolates Obtained in a Period of Eighteen Years
Authors: Sirakov Ivo , Strateva Tanya V. , Boyanov Vasil Svetoslavov , Orozova Petya , Yordanov Daniel , Rusenova Nikolina , Gergova Raina , Dimov Svetoslav G. , Sirakova Bilyana , Radosavljević Vladimir , Boyanova Liliya , Mitov Ivan
Published: February 2025

Lactococcosis caused by Lactococcus garvieae is a bacterial infection affecting fish with a considerable economic impact. Recently, L. garvieae has established itself as an opportunistic pathogen in humans. The aim of the current study was to test classical and molecular-biological methods for the identification of L. garvieae and examine antimicrobial susceptibility and capsule production, an important virulence factor. Additionally, tests for differentiation from closely related species, as well as epidemiological typing, were performed. In a period of 18 years (2002–2019), 24 isolates presumptively identified as L. garvieae were collected from Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo salar fish obtained either from retail stores or fish farms. In order to confirm the species, optimized PCR-based protocols were used. As a result, 21 of the tested strains were proved to be L. garvieae (n = 21). The remaining three isolates were Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus iniae, and Enterococcus faecalis. Epidemiological typing by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA was performed. Except for a single KG+ isolate, all other strains belonged to the European capsular serotype KG−. All L. garvieae isolates showed susceptibility to all tested antibiotics with the exception of clindamycin, which was a diagnostic sign. A thorough optimization of diagnostic methods is essential to determining the etiology of specific infections affecting the personnel at risk in fish farms, the food industry, or within the broader community.
Comparison of the Bacterial and Fungal Communities and Metabolic Functions of Cottonseed Hull Waste Compost Associated with High and Low Yields of Straw Mushroom Volvariella volvacea
Authors: Kakumyan Pattana , Yang Lin , Liu Shunjie , Yu Changxia , Li Zhengpeng , Chen Mingjie , Popluechai Siam , Zhao Yan
Published: February 2025

Volvariella volvacea was grown on cottonseed hull waste compost and divided into high-yield (HBE) and low-yield (LBE) conditions. Gene sequencing was used to examine bacterial and fungal populations during cottonseed husk waste composting. At the end of fermentation, the dominant bacterial genera in the HBE compost were Chelatococcus and Thermobacillus, while Symbiobacterium and Acinetobacter were more abundant in the LBE compost. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota dominated all the composting phases. The Ascomycota genera Colletotrichum, Pichia, Mycothermus, and Thermomyces dominated in phase II of HBE composting. The LBE compost had higher abundances of the Basidiomycota genera Cystofilobasidium and Cryptococcus than the HBE compost. The predicted pathotroph and saprotroph-symbiotroph abundances were more positively linked to HBE composting phase II than to LBE composting. High-biological-efficiency microbial communities are characterized by high pH, carbon, and nitrogen levels. Changes in physiochemical traits, microbial diversity, and metabolism affect the V. volvacea yield.
The Medical Basis for the Photoluminescence of Indocyanine Green
Authors: Mytych Wiktoria , Bartusik-Aebisher Dorota , Aebisher David
Published: February 2025

Indocyanine green (ICG), a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye with unique photoluminescent properties, is a helpful tool in many medical applications. ICG produces fluorescence when excited by NIR light, enabling accurate tissue visualization and real-time imaging. This study investigates the fundamental processes behind ICG’s photoluminescence as well as its present and possible applications in treatments and medical diagnostics. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) has been transformed by ICG’s capacity to visualize tumors, highlight blood flow, and facilitate lymphatic mapping, all of which have improved surgical accuracy and patient outcomes. Furthermore, the fluorescence of the dye is being studied for new therapeutic approaches, like photothermal therapy, in which NIR light can activate ICG to target and destroy cancer cells. We go over the benefits and drawbacks of ICG’s photoluminescent qualities in therapeutic contexts, as well as current studies that focus on improving its effectiveness, security, and adaptability. More precise disease detection, real-time monitoring, and tailored therapy options across a variety of medical specialties are made possible by the ongoing advancement of ICG-based imaging methods and therapies. In the main part of our work, we strive to take into account the latest reports; therefore, we used clinical articles going back to 2020. However, for the sake of the theoretical part, the oldest article used by us is from 1995.
Evaluation of Bioactivity of Essential Oils: Cytotoxic/Genotoxic Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines, Antibacterial Activity, and Survival of Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Kozics Katarína , Mesárošová Monika , Šramková Monika , Bučková Mária , Puškárová Andrea , Galová Dominika , Pangallo Domenico
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies and is associated with a significantly high mortality rate. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward naturally derived substances with anticancer properties. In our study, we focused on determining the biological and antibacterial effects of selected essential oils (EOs)—peppermint, oregano, tea tree, lemon, lavender, frankincense, and oil blends (Zengest and OnGuard). Analyses were performed on human colon carcinoma cell lines (HCT-116 and HT-29). The cytotoxic (MTT assay), genotoxic effects (comet assay), and reactive oxygen species levels (ROS-Glo™ H2O2 Assay) of EOs and oil blends were determined. In our study, we found that all of the studied oils have the potential cyto/genotoxic effects on CRC cell lines after 24 h exposure. The results revealed that oregano, Zengest, and frankincense showed statistically the highest cytotoxic effects [IC50 0.05 µg/mL] compared to the other studied oils. These oils induced DNA damage and also increased ROS levels. On the other hand, peppermint was shown to have the lowest cytotoxic effect [IC50 0.67 µg/mL] on the HT-29 cell line. We also evaluated the antibacterial effects of oregano, tea tree, and the OnGuard blend, determining their impact on the viability of beneficial bacteria models, including Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Weizmannia coagulans. Oregano exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with an inhibition zone of 31 mm, while tea tree and OnGuard showed inhibition zones ranging from 12 to 15 mm. The EOs (oregano, tea tree, OnGuard) demonstrated antibacterial effects, with MICs ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 µg/mL. Peppermint, lemon, lavender, frankincense, and the Zengest blend did not inhibit the growth of lactic acid bacteria or W. coagulans, and thus did not impact bacterial survival. On the other hand, they demonstrated potential anticancer effects.
Rifampicin Repurposing Reveals Anti-Melanogenic Activity in B16F10 Melanoma Cells
Authors: Lee Ye-Jin , Hyun Chang-Gu
Published: February 2025

Drug repurposing is a cost-effective and innovative strategy for identifying new therapeutic applications for existing drugs, thereby shortening development timelines and accelerating the availability of treatments. Applying this approach to the development of cosmeceutical ingredients enables the creation of functional compounds with proven safety and efficacy, adding significant value to the cosmetic industry. This study evaluated the potential of rifampicin, a drug widely used for the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy, as a cosmeceutical agent. The anti-melanogenic effects of rifampicin were assessed in B16F10 melanoma cells, showing no cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 40 µM and a significant reduction in intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content. Mechanistically, rifampicin reduced the expression of melanogenic enzymes, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2, via a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent pathway, leading to the suppression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which is a key regulator of melanogenesis. Additionally, rifampicin inhibited the p38 signaling pathway but was independent of the PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Furthermore, it decreased Ser9 phosphorylation, enhancing glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity, promoted β-catenin phosphorylation, and facilitated β-catenin degradation, collectively contributing to the inhibition of melanin synthesis. To evaluate the topical applicability of rifampicin, primary human skin irritation tests were conducted, and no adverse effects were observed at concentrations of 20 µM and 40 µM. These findings demonstrate that rifampicin inhibits melanogenesis through multiple signaling pathways, including PKA, MAPKs, and GSK-3β/β-catenin. This study highlights the potential of rifampicin to be repurposed as a topical agent for managing hyperpigmentation disorders, offering valuable insights into novel therapeutic strategies for pigmentation-related conditions.
Rare Prenyllipids in Wild St. John’s Wort During Three Harvest Seasons
Authors: Górnaś Paweł , Siger Aleksander
Published: February 2025

St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a medicinal plant known for its bioactive compounds, including tocopherols and tocotrienols, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds play vital roles in the plant’s metabolism and have potential applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, the content of these compounds in different anatomical parts of the plant, as well as the influence of environmental factors, such as the year of collection, remain underexplored. This study examined the content of tocochromanols in H. perforatum leaves, flowers, and flower buds, collected in Poland during the years 2022–2024. The results revealed that tocopherols predominantly accumulated in the leaves, while tocotrienols were more abundant in the flowers and flower buds. The year of collection had a significant effect on tocopherol levels, while tocotrienol content showed lower sensitivity to environmental fluctuations, indicating their higher stability. St. John’s wort can be considered a valuable source of biologically active compounds, especially tocotrienols, which exhibit higher stability and less susceptibility to environmental variability. The results underline the importance of considering both the plant’s anatomical parts and the year of collection when aiming to maximize the production of bioactive compounds.
Immobilization of Phospholipase D on Fe3O4@SiO2-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: A Strategy to Improve Catalytic Stability and Reusability in the Efficient Production of Phosphatidylserine
Authors: Shang Huiyi , Wang Juntan , Guo Bishan , Zhu Haihua , Li Huijuan
Published: February 2025

Phospholipase D (PLD) plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylserine (PS), but its practical application is constrained by limitations in stability and reusability. In this study, we successfully fabricated the Fe3O4@SiO2–graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite by chemical binding of Fe3O4@SiO2 and GO. Subsequently, PLD was immobilized onto the nanocomposite via physical adsorption, with the aim of enhancing catalytic stability, reducing mass transfer resistance, and improving reusability. Under optimal conditions, the immobilization efficiency reached 84.4%, with a PLD loading capacity of 111.4 mg/gsupport. The optimal pH for PS production by immobilized PLD shifted from 6.0 to 6.5, while the optimal temperature increased from 45 °C to 50 °C. Notably, the immobilized PLD demonstrated a shorter reaction time and a higher PS yield, achieving a 95.4% yield within 90 min, compared to the free PLD (78.1% yield within 150 min), representing a 1.04-fold improvement in production efficiency. Furthermore, the immobilized PLD exhibited outstanding storage stability and thermal stability, along with remarkable reusability. Even after being reused for 10 cycles, the PS yield still stays as high as 78.3%. These findings strongly suggest that the Fe3O4@SiO2–GO immobilized PLD has the potential for the efficient production of PS.
Influence of Season, Hive Position, Extraction Method and Storage Temperature on Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Croatian Honey
Authors: Šola Ivana , Vujčić Bok Valerija , Fabijanić Ivana , Jablan Jasna , Borgese Laura , Humski Andrea , Mikulić Marina , Sanković Krešimir , Franić Zdenko , Rusak Gordana
Published: February 2025

The aim of our study was to compare the composition of polyphenolic compounds between the Croatian acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) honey from several aspects: production season, hive position (on the edge and in the middle of a series of hives), part of the hive (small or normal extension), and honey extraction method (centrifuging or draining honey combs). Additionally, in acacia honey, we also monitored the influence of different storage temperatures (room temperature (RT) and 4 °C) on the content of phenolic compounds. To separate, identify and quantify individual flavonoids and phenolic acids from the honey, we used the HPLC method. The total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of the samples, their antimicrobial activity and their elemental content were also measured. The significant influence of the season, hive position, and extraction method on the total identified phenolic compounds, phenolic acids, flavonoids, total phenols and antioxidant activity was detected in almost all the acacia and chestnut honey samples. Chestnut honey from 2013 had more total phenolics (TPs) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) than chestnut from 2014 and 2015. Honey collected from smaller extensions of hives had significantly higher TPs and FRAP compared to normal hive extensions. Centrifugation reduced the TPs and FRAP in most cases, but not always uniformly. Storage at RT led to the predominance of gallic, p-coumaric and benzoic acid in acacia honey, while storage at 4 °C maintained p-coumaric acid as the dominant phenolic acid. Flavonoids, particularly pinobanksin in acacia honey and hesperetin/pinobanksin in chestnut honey, were less affected by the storage conditions compared to phenolic acids. The non-centrifuged chestnut sample from 2015 showed the lowest MIC values against the most tested pathogenic bacteria. All the honey samples showed an extremely low concentration of heavy metals and relatively high concentrations of potassium and calcium.
Silicon-Bridged Bis(12-crown-4) Ethers as Ionophores for Sodium Ion-Selective Electrodes
Authors: Katsuta Shoichi , Ino Yoshiyasu , Wakabayashi Hiroto
Published: February 2025

A new Na+ ionophore with two 12-crown-4 moieties on silicon atoms and hydrophobic hydrocarbon groups on silicon atoms has been synthesized. The silicon-bridged bis(12-crown-4)s were easily obtained in high yield by simply mixing dichlorodiorganosilane and 2-hydroxymethyl-12-crown-4 under room temperature and nitrogen atmosphere. Seven compounds with different hydrocarbon substituents were synthesized. To investigate their properties as ionophores, PVC membrane-type ion-selective electrodes incorporating them were prepared, and the ion selectivity coefficients were determined. The typical selectivity sequence is Na+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+ > NH4+ > Li+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > H+. The magnitude of selectivity depends on the structures of hydrocarbon substituents on the silicon atoms. The compound with two 2-ethylhexyl groups has particularly good Na+ selectivity, and the performance of the electrode is equal to or better than that of an electrode using a commercially available Na+ ionophore, malonate-bridged bis(12-crown-4). The electrode also showed better-aging stability than that of another known Na+ ionophore, tetraethyl 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-O,O′,O″,O‴-tetraacetate, indicating high utility.
Enhancing Commercial Gourmet Oil Quality: The Role of Dried Cayenne Pepper Red (Capsicum annuum L.) as a Natural Additive
Authors: Knazicka Zuzana , Galik Branislav , Novotna Ivana , Arvay Julius , Fatrcova-Sramkova Katarina , Kacaniova Miroslava , Mlcek Jiri , Kovacikova Eva , Mixtajova Eva , Jurikova Tunde , Ivanisova Eva , Kolesarova Adriana , Duranova Hana
Published: February 2025

This study assessed the potential of dried Cayenne pepper (CP; Capsicum annuum L.) as a natural additive to rice bran oil (RBO), grape seed oil (GSO), and virgin olive oil (OO). Key analyses included peroxide and acid values, oxidative stability (Rancimat method), the composition of fatty acids (FAs) (GC-FID method), antioxidant activity (AA; DPPH method), and antimicrobial properties (disc diffusion method). Capsaicin and the dihydrocapsaicin contents in CP were quantified (HPLC-DAD method) as 1499.37 ± 3.64 and 1449.04 ± 5.14 mg/kg DW, respectively. Oleic acid (C18:1cis n9) dominated in OO (69.70%), OO-CP (69.73%), and RBO-CP (38.97%), while linoleic acid (C18:2cis n6) prevailed in RBO (41.34%), GSO (57.93%), and GSO-CP (58.03%). The addition of CP influenced the FA profile, particularly linoleic acid in OO and RBO, and all FAs in GSO. Peroxide and acid values increased significantly in RBO and GSO upon CP addition, but induction times remained unaffected. The strongest AA (77.00 ± 0.13%) was observed in OO-CP. Cayenne pepper significantly enhanced the antioxidant profiles of all oils compared to the counterparts. However, the antimicrobial activity was weak (≤5.0 mm inhibition zones) against tested microorganisms. These findings support CP as a functional additive for enhancing the nutritional and functional properties of gourmet oils, while highlighting the need for further optimization to improve stability and bioactivity.
Association Between Dietary Variety and Masticatory Behaviors Measured Using Wearable Device Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Multilevel Meal-by-Meal Analysis
Authors: Eguchi Kana , Shirobe Maki , Iwasaki Masanori , Motokawa Keiko , Gomi Tatsunosuke , Kalantar Lena , Hayakawa Misato , Edahiro Ayako , Sasai Hiroyuki , Awata Shuichi , Hirano Hirohiko
Published: February 2025

Background: Consuming a variety of foods is believed to promote thorough chewing; however, it remains unclear whether individuals who consume various foods actually chew them thoroughly. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between dietary variety and masticatory behaviors, measured using wearable devices, among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Participants were from the Itabashi Longitudinal Study of Aging, meeting the eligibility criteria, including the ability to exchange messages via smartphone or computer. Masticatory behaviors (number of chews, chewing duration, and speed) and meal photo data were objectively measured using an ear-worn bite sensor and its application for two or three meals per day for at least three days at home. The “modified Dietary Variety Score (m-DVS)” (range 0–10, with higher values indicating greater dietary variety) was calculated by registered dietitians. Generalized linear mixed models assessed the association between m-DVS as the exposure variable and masticatory behaviors as the outcome variable. Covariates included sociodemographic status, health behavior, health status, oral health, and oral function. Results: Five hundred and eighty-seven mealtime data entries from 63 participants were included in the analysis. The m-DVS was significantly positively associated with the number of chews (cycles, unstandardized regression coefficient = 116.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 85.2 to 147.8) and chewing duration (min, unstandardized regression coefficient = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.3 to 2.2). Conclusions: Consuming more varied food groups was associated with more chews and longer chewing duration among community-dwelling older adults, potentially promoting thorough chewing.
Sodium Butyrate Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress and Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis Disruption by Promoting Autophagy in Mice
Authors: Lu Jiayin , Li Chaoyue , Zhao Tong , Li Fengyang , Yao Zhichao , Dong Yajie , Gong Zeen , Yan Yi , Luo Xiaomao , Wang Haidong
Published: February 2025

Background: The gradual rise in global temperatures can affect skeletal muscle development and intestinal microorganisms. However, the influence of microbial metabolites on skeletal muscle homeostasis under heat stress (HS) remains unclear. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were exposed to normal temperature or 40 °C conditions for 3 d, 7 d, or 14 d. The HS 7 d mice also were treated with sodium butyrate (NaB, 200 mg/kg, gavage). Results: Strikingly, the body weight, antioxidative ability (MDA, T-SOD, and GSH-Px), and average cross-sectional area decreased, but the blood glucose and core temperature increased under HS. However, the NaB treatment reversed these effects. Meanwhile, HS also increased the levels of TNF-α and CORT. Additionally, HS led to a reduction in the villus height and an increase in the crypt depth of the intestine. Microbial 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that HS caused gut microbiota dysbiosis. NaB increased the expression of HSP70 under HS, to maintain skeletal muscle homeostasis. HS stimulated the expression of Pax7, which indicates that skeletal muscle homeostasis was disrupted. Meanwhile, the expressions of MyoG and MyoD were decreased under HS. The immunofluorescence results also show that HS triggered a shift from slow muscle fibers (MYH7) to fast muscle fibers (MYH1). However, NaB recovered the expressions of these muscle-related factors. HS inhibited autophagy initiation (mTOR, Beclin1, Atg5, Atg7, and Atg12), the formation (LC3 II/LC3 I) of autophagosomes, and the binding (p62 and LAMP1) of lysosomes to autophagosomes, which were activated by NaB. C2C12 cells were treated with H2O2 to simulate skeletal muscle oxidative stress, and treated with NaB in advance. Oxidative stress disrupted the homeostasis of the C2C12 cells, characterized by an increase in Pax 7 and decreases in MyoG and MyoD, but these changes were reversed by the NaB treatment. Meanwhile, NaB was unable to maintain the stable expression of Pax7 when autophagy was inhibited. Conclusions: This suggests that NaB can regulate oxidative stress induced by HS through autophagy to maintain skeletal muscle homeostasis.
A Scoping Review Protocol: Parenting Experiences and Family Dynamics in Pediatric Burn Care Settings from Hospitalization to the Return Home
Authors: Cioga Elisabete , Cruz Dulce , Laranjeira Carlos
Published: February 2025

Background: Evidence indicates that pediatric burns are a significant form of trauma. They affect not only children but also their parents, who often experience short- and long-term psychopathological symptoms. The body of knowledge on the impact of hospitalization on parents has expanded; however, there is a dearth of evidence on the dynamics of parental relationships, parental experiences, and how these experiences affect their parenting. Objectives: This study aims to map and summarize the available literature on the repercussions of trauma associated with pediatric burns and hospitalization on parental and family dynamics. Methods: A scoping review will be carried out in accordance with the JBI methodology, based on the PCC. Studies involving hospitalized children (up to the age of 18) who have suffered accidental burns and their parents or caregivers will be included. The literature study will examine the effects of pediatric burn-related trauma on family and parental dynamics, emphasizing interventions and adjustment strategies that support children and families affected by this injury. Studies related to hospital settings and returning home will be included and analyzed by two independent reviewers using a standardized form developed for this study. The databases consulted will be Academic Search Complete, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed/Medline, Collection of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (via EB-SCO), PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science (Clarivate). Results: The results will be summarized narratively, presented in tables or diagrams, to highlight key findings related to parental experiences with burned children, the trauma associated with this episode, and its impact on parenting. In addition, strategies developed within the framework of the care partnership will be highlighted. Conclusions: Understanding how family dynamics change after a child suffers a burn injury and goes through the hospitalization process is crucial for nurses to improve their practice. We hope that this review will promote partnership-oriented, family-centered nursing practice in the care of child burn victims and their families, as well as assist in the identification of knowledge gaps in the literature and potential areas for future research and development.
Protective Role and Enhanced Intracellular Uptake of Curcumin in Retinal Cells Using Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS)
Authors: Zingale Elide , Masuzzo Sebastiano , Lajunen Tatu , Reinisalo Mika , Rautio Jarkko , Consoli Valeria , D’Amico Agata Grazia , Vanella Luca , Pignatello Rosario
Published: February 2025

Background: Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), a histone deacetylase enzyme expressed in ocular tissues with intracellular localization, plays a critical protective role against various degenerative ocular diseases. The link between reduced SIRT1 levels and diabetic retinopathy (DR) has prompted the exploration of natural therapeutic compounds that act as SIRT1 agonists. Curcumin (CUR), which has been shown to upregulate SIRT1 expression, is one such promising compound. However, effective delivery of CUR to the deeper ocular tissues, particularly the retina, remains a challenge due to its poor solubility and limited ocular penetration following topical administration. Within this context, the development of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for CUR topical ocular delivery represents a novel approach. Methods: In accordance with our prior research, optimized SNEDDS loaded with CUR were developed and characterized post-reconstitution with simulated tear fluid (STF) at a 1:10 ratio, showing suitable physicochemical and technological parameters for ocular delivery. Results: An entrapment efficiency (EE%) of approximately 99% and an absence of drug precipitation were noticed upon resuspension with STF. CUR-SNEDDS resulted in a better stability and release profile than free CUR under simulated ocular conditions. In vitro analysis of mucoadhesive properties revealed that CUR-SNEDDS, modified with a cationic lipid, demonstrated enhanced interactions with mucin, indicating the potential for improved ocular retention. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that CUR-SNEDDS did not affect the viability of human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells up to concentrations of 3 μM and displayed superior antioxidant activity compared to free CUR in an oxidative stress model using retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells exposed to hydroquinone (HQ). Cell uptake studies confirmed an enhanced accumulation of CUR within the retinal cells following exposure to CUR-SNEDDS compared to neat CUR. CUR-SNEDDS, at lower concentrations, were found to effectively induce SIRT1 expression. Conclusions: The cytocompatibility, antioxidant properties, and enhanced cellular uptake suggest that these developed systems hold promise as formulations for the delivery of CUR to the retina.
Preclinical Long-Term Stability and Forced Degradation Assessment of EPICERTIN, a Mucosal Healing Biotherapeutic for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kittle Wendy M. , Reeves Micaela A. , Fulkerson Ashley E. , Hamorsky Krystal T. , Morris David A. , Kitterman Kathleen T. , Merchant Michael L. , Matoba Nobuyuki
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: EPICERTIN, a biotherapeutic candidate for mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other mucosal disorders, was subjected to an extensive long-term stability program to evaluate its molecular stability and physicochemical properties. Additionally, a forced degradation assessment was conducted to identify EPICERTIN’s degradation products under various conditions, including thermal stress, pH variations, agitation, and oxidation. Methods: The stability of EPICERTIN drug substance (DS), formulated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 1 mg/mL and stored at 5 °C and 25 °C/60% relative humidity (RH), was monitored over a 2-year period, referencing relevant regulatory guidelines. Evaluations of EPICERTIN DS over the 24-month period included assessment of purity by SDS-PAGE and size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC), identity by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) intact mass analysis and Western blotting, and potency by GM1-binding KDEL-detection ELISA (GM1/KDEL ELISA). The forced degradation patterns were analyzed by assessing purity (using SEC-HPLC and SDS-PAGE), potency (via GM1/KDEL ELISA), and intact mass (via ESI-MS). Results: The results overall support that EPICERTIN DS remains stable for 2 years under the tested conditions. The forced degradation assessment effectively identified degradation products, particularly under conditions of high temperatures (above 40 °C for 24 h), low pH values (pH 1 and 4), and oxidation upon exposure to 2% H2O2. Conclusions: These findings highlight EPICERTIN’s robust long-term stability in PBS formulation, reinforcing its potential as a viable drug candidate for the treatment of IBD.
Engineered Exosomes Carrying Super-Repressor IκB Reduced Biliary Atresia-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Minipig and Mouse Models
Authors: Kang Jisoo , Park Cheolhyoung , Yun Hanoul , Choi Chulhee , Seo Wonhyo
Published: February 2025

Background and Aim: Biliary atresia is a rare, progressive disease that affects the bile ducts in newborns. Persistent bile duct obstruction induces various pathological conditions, including jaundice, inflammation, and liver fibrosis; however, the exact pathogenesis of biliary atresia is not yet fully understood. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is widely acknowledged as a key regulator in the pathogenesis of hepatitis and liver fibrosis, and extensive research has been conducted to develop strategies to effectively inhibit its activity to mitigate liver damage. Exosome-based therapeutic platforms offer targeted NF-κB inhibition with low immunogenicity and enhanced liver-specific delivery. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Exo-SrIκB in treating cholestatic liver fibrosis using experimental animal models. Methods: Exo-SrIκB (an exosome-based therapy containing the super-repressor IκB protein) using EXPLOR technology (Exosome engineering for Protein Loading via Optically Reversible protein-protein interactions) to encapsulate the super repressor IκB (SrIκB) within exosomes. The therapeutic efficacy of Exo-SrIκB was assessed in minipig and mouse models with experimentally induced cholestatic liver disease. Results: Administration of Exo-SrIκB significantly attenuated liver fibrosis progression in both animal models by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation and reducing the expression of fibrotic markers. Treated animals exhibited reduced collagen deposition, lower α-SMA levels, and improved hepatic function compared to untreated controls. Conclusion: Exo-SrIκB effectively suppressed NF-κB signaling and alleviated liver fibrosis in experimental cholestatic liver disease models, suggesting that exosome-based therapeutics may offer a targeted and biocompatible application to managing liver fibrosis and other chronic liver diseases.
Nutritional Properties, Antioxidant Activity, and Consumer Acceptability of Sourdough Bread Supplemented with Marine Algae Powder Using Selected Traditional Starters
Authors: EL Boujamaai Mounir , Brahimi Imane , Benyamane Meryem , Belasla Nouhaila , Rocha João Miguel , Errachidi Faouzi , Zinedine Abdellah
Published: February 2025

This study aimed at producing a sourdough bread supplemented with two marine algae powders of Ulva lactuca and Gelidium corneum at 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% (w/w, g/100 g DW) at the laboratory scale using mixed starters prepared with three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) combinations (LCS1, LCS2, and LCS3). The phytochemical composition, nutritional value, organoleptic properties, and acceptability of algae bread by consumers were then assessed. Good results were obtained for enriched bread with Gelidium at 2.5% (GB1) with a reducing sugar of 0.77 ± 0.1%, total sugar of 36.90 ± 3.15, and protein content of 8.3 ± 0.2%. While total phenolic content was 8.32 ± 1.20 mg GAE/g DW, total flavonoids was 225.00 ± 11.31 mgQE/g DW, and the antioxidant activity ranged from 71.05 ± 3.71 to 82.93 ± 3.61%. Regarding enriched bread with Ulva at 10% (UB12), reducing sugar was 0.48 ± 0.03%, total sugar was 45.45 ± 5.75%, and protein content was 3.7 ± 0.07%. The total phenolic content value was 6.45 ± 1.19 mg GAE/g DW, total flavonoids was 191.20 ± 12.52 mgQE/g DW, while the antioxidant activity values ranged from 52.06 ± 6.21 to 80.51 ± 1.72%. Microbiological analysis showed that all pathogenic bacteria were not detected in algae bread. The consumer acceptability test revealed that bread enriched at the level of 10% of algae powder was significant for the five selected criteria (general appearance, crumb color, odor, taste, and texture). Traditional bread supplemented with Gelidium powder at 2.5% and Ulva powder at 10%, prepared with combined sourdough (LCS1), showed good antioxidant and nutritional properties and consumer acceptance.