bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Father on Display: The House of Jean Monnet and the Construction of European Identity
Authors: Kølvraa Christoffer
Published: January 2013

In the 1980s, the EC engaged in trying actively to construct a European identity, primarily through a ’manufacturing of symbols’, such as a common flag, hymn and day of celebration. A lesser-known element of this symbolic construction was the elevation of the recently deceased Jean Monnet to a position as the undisputed ’founding father’ of Europe. The ’sanctification’ of Monnet culminated in the con-version of his house – purchased by the European Parliament – into a museum of his deeds and of the European project that they served. This article seeks to analyse the construction of Monnet as a founding father for Europé, first by investi-gating the context of the acquisition of his house and the establishment of the mu-seum in the 1980s, and subsequently by analysing the present exhibition in it.
Crystal Structure, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of a New Complex of Bismuth(III) with Sulfapyridine
Authors: Marzano Ivana , Franco Marina , Silva Priscila , Augusti Rodinei , Santos Geandson , Fernandes Nelson , Bucciarelli-Rodriguez Mônica , Chartone-Souza Edmar , Pereira-Maia Elene
Published: January 2013

A new complex of Bi(III) and sulfapyridine was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, conductivity analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), infrared spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The antimicrobial and the cytotoxic activities of the compound were investigated. Elemental and conductivity analyses are in accordance to the formulation [BiCl3(C11H11N3O2S)3]. The structure of the complex reveals a distorted octahedral geometry around the bismuth atom, which is bound to three sulfonamidic nitrogens from sulfapyridine, acting as a monodentate ligand, and to three chloride ions. The presence of the compound in solution was confirmed by ESI-MS studies. The complex is 3 times more potent than the ligand against Salmonella typhimurium, 4 times against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Shigella sonnei and 8 times more potent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The compound inhibits the growth of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells with an IC50 value of 44 μM whereas the free ligand has no effect up to 100 μM.
Trans-Canada Slimeways
Authors: Adamatzky Andrew , Akl Selim G.
Published: January 2013

Slime mould Physarum polycephalum builds up sophisticated networks to transport nutrients between distant parts of its extended body. The slime mould’s protoplasmic network is optimised for maximum coverage of nutrients yet minimum energy spent on transportation of the intra-cellular material. In laboratory experiments with P. polycephalum we represent Canadian major urban areas with rolled oats and inoculated slime mould in the Toronto area. The plasmodium spans the urban areas with its network of protoplasmic tubes. The authors uncover similarities and differences between the protoplasmic network and the Canadian national highway network, analyse the networks in terms of proximity graphs and evaluate slime mould’s network response to contamination.
Variability of aerosol properties over Eastern Europe observed from ground and satellites in the period from 2003 to 2011
Authors: Bovchaliuk A. , Milinevsky G. , Danylevsky V. , Goloub P. , Dubovik O. , Holdak A. , Ducos F. , Sosonkin M.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The paper presents the study of aerosol variability in the period from 2003 to 2011 over Eastern Europe region with latitude ranging from 40° N to 60° N and longitude from 20° E to 50° E. The analysis was based on the POLDER/PARASOL and POLDER-2/ADEOS satellites and AERONET ground-based sunphotometer observations. The aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of the studied area is characterized by the values (referenced to 870 nm wavelength) ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 except the period of July–August 2010 with strong forest and peat wildfires when the AOT typical values range from 0.3 to 0.5. The analysis of seasonal dynamics of aerosol loading has revealed two AOT high value peaks. The first peak observed in April–May is the result of solitary transportation of Sahara dust in the atmosphere over Eastern Europe, infrequent agricultural fires, transportation of sea salt aerosols by southern winds to Ukraine and Moldova from the Black and Azov Seas. The second peak in August–September is associated with forest and peat wildfires, considerable transportation of Sahara dust and presence of soil dust aerosols due to harvesting activity. The maximum values of AOT are observed in May 2006 (0.1–0.15), April 2009 (0.07–0.15) and August 2010 (0.2–0.5). Furthermore, the study has identified a distinct pattern of anthropogenic aerosols over the industrial areas, especially in the central Ukraine, eastern Belarus, as well as Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and Stavropol regions in Russia. The comparison of the fine mode AOT (particle radius < 0.3 μm) derived by standard algorithm POLDER/PARASOL from reflected polarized radiances with those recomputed from AERONET inversions was performed over a number of AERONET sites: over Kyiv and Sevastopol sites for the period of 2008–2009 and over Moscow, Minsk, Belsk, and Moldova sites for the period of 2005–2009. The correlation coefficients are 0.78 for Moscow, 0.76 – Minsk, 0.86 – Belsk, 0.93 – Kyiv, 0.81 – Moldova and 0.63 for Sevastopol sites. The deviations are explained by the spatial inhomogeneity of the surface polarization that has stronger effect on aerosol retrieval for clear atmospheric conditions with low aerosol loading when surface impact on satellite observations is more pronounced. In addition, the preliminary analysis of the detailed aerosol properties derived by new generation PARASOL algorithm was accomplished. The AOT and single scattering albedo retrieved by the algorithm over Kyiv were compared with the closest AERONET retrievals within two hour of satellite overpass time and the stable atmospheric conditions.
Carbon dioxide balance of subarctic tundra from plot to regional scales
Authors: Marushchak M. E. , Kiepe I. , Biasi C. , Elsakov V. , Friborg T. , Johansson T. , Soegaard H. , Virtanen T. , Martikainen P. J.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. We report here the carbon dioxide (CO2) budget of a 98.6 km2 subarctic tundra area in northeast European Russia based on measurements at two different scales and two independent upscaling approaches. Plot-scale measurements (chambers on terrestrial surfaces, gas gradient method and bubble collectors on lakes) were carried out from July 2007 to October 2008. The landscape-scale eddy covariance (EC) measurements covered the snow-free period of 2008. The annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of different land cover types ranged from −251 to 84 g C m−2. Leaf area index (LAI) was an excellent predictor of the spatial variability in gross photosynthesis (GP), NEE and ecosystem respiration (ER). The plot-scale CO2 fluxes were first scaled up to the EC source area and then to the whole study area using two data sets: a land cover classification and a LAI map, both based on field data and a 2.4 m pixel-sized QuickBird satellite image. The good agreement of the CO2 balances for the EC footprint based on the different measuring techniques (−105 to −81 g C m−2 vs. −79 g C m−2; growing season 2008) justified the integration of the plot-scale measurements over the larger area. The regional CO2 balance based on area-integrated plot-scale measurements was −41 or −79 g C m−2 yr−1 according to the two upscaling methods, the land cover classification and the LAI map, respectively. Due to the heterogeneity of tundra, the effect of climate change on CO2 uptake will vary strongly according to the land cover type and, moreover, likely changes in their relative coverage in the future will have great impact on the regional CO2 balance.
Evaluation and improvement of the Community Land Model (CLM4) in Oregon forests
Authors: Hudiburg T. W. , Law B. E. , Thornton P. E.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Ecosystem process models are important tools for determining the interactive effects of global change and disturbance on forest carbon dynamics. Here we evaluated and improved terrestrial carbon cycling simulated by the Community Land Model (CLM4), the land model portion of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.0.4). Our analysis was conducted primarily in Oregon forests using FLUXNET and forest inventory data for the period 2001–2006. We go beyond prior modeling studies in the region by incorporating regional variation in physiological parameters from >100 independent field sites in the region. We also compare spatial patterns of simulated forest carbon stocks and net primary production (NPP) at 15 km resolution using data collected from federal forest inventory plots (FIA) from >3000 plots in the study region. Finally, we evaluate simulated gross primary production (GPP) with FLUXNET eddy covariance tower data at wet and dry sites in the region. We improved model estimates by making modifications to CLM4 to allow physiological parameters (e.g., foliage carbon to nitrogen ratios and specific leaf area), mortality rate, biological nitrogen fixation, and wood allocation to vary spatially by plant functional type (PFT) within an ecoregion based on field plot data in the region. Prior to modifications, default parameters resulted in underestimation of stem biomass in all forested ecoregions except the Blue Mountains and annual NPP was both over- and underestimated. After modifications, model estimates of mean NPP fell within the observed range of uncertainty in all ecoregions (two-sided P value = 0.8), and the underestimation of stem biomass was reduced. This was an improvement from the default configuration by 50% for stem biomass and 30% for NPP. At the tower sites, modeled monthly GPP fell within the observed range of uncertainty at both sites for the majority of the year, however summer GPP was underestimated at the Metolius semi-arid pine site and spring GPP was overestimated at the Campbell River mesic Douglas-fir site, indicating GPP may be an area for further improvement. The low bias in summer maximum GPP at the semi-arid site could be due to seasonal response of Vcmax to temperature and precipitation while overestimated spring values at the mesic site could be due to response of Vcmax to temperature and day length.
Dynamics, chemical properties and bioavailability of DOC in an early successional catchment
Authors: Risse-Buhl U. , Hagedorn F. , Dümig A. , Gessner M. O. , Schaaf W. , Nii-Annang S. , Gerull L. , Mutz M.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been intensively studied in mature ecosystems, but little is known about DOC dynamics and the significance of DOC as a substrate for microbial activity in early-successional catchments. We determined the concentration, chemical composition, source, radiocarbon age, and bioavailability of DOC along the hydrological flow path from soil solution to a downstream pond in a recently constructed catchment (Chicken Creek Catchment, Germany). Soil solution, upwelling ground water, subsurface water in an alluvial fan, and pond water all had high DOC concentrations (averages of 6.0–11.6 mg DOC L−1), despite small carbon stocks in either vegetation or soil of the early-successional catchment. The mean 14C age of DOC in upwelling ground water was 2600 to 2800 yr. Solid-state CPMAS 13C NMR revealed a higher proportion of aromatic compounds (32%) and a lower proportion of carbohydrates (33%) in upwelling ground water than in pond water (18% and 45%, respectively). The 14C age and 13C NMR spectra suggest that DOC was partly mobilized from charred organic matter of the Quaternary substrate. In an experimental 70-days incubation experiment, 20% of the total DOC was found to be bioavailable, irrespective of the water type. Origin of microbial communities (enriched from soil, stream sediment or pond water) had only marginal effects on overall DOC utilization. Overall, these data suggest that the old DOC can support microbial activity during early ecosystem succession to some extent, although the largest fraction is recalcitrant DOC that is exported from the catchment once it has been mobilized.
Prediction, time variance, and classification of hydraulic response to recharge in two karst aquifers
Authors: Long A. J. , Mahler B. J.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Many karst aquifers are rapidly filled and depleted and therefore are likely to be susceptible to changes in short-term climate variability. Here we explore methods that could be applied to model site-specific hydraulic responses, with the intent of simulating these responses to different climate scenarios from high-resolution climate models. We compare hydraulic responses (spring flow, groundwater level, stream base flow, and cave drip) at several sites in two karst aquifers: the Edwards aquifer (Texas, USA) and the Madison aquifer (South Dakota, USA). A lumped-parameter model simulates nonlinear soil moisture changes for estimation of recharge, and a time-variant convolution model simulates the aquifer response to this recharge. Model fit to data is 2.4% better for calibration periods than for validation periods according to the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency, which ranges from 0.53 to 0.94 for validation periods. We use metrics that describe the shapes of the impulse-response functions (IRFs) obtained from convolution modeling to make comparisons in the distribution of response times among sites and between aquifers. Time-variant IRFs were applied to 62% of the sites. Principal component analysis (PCA) of metrics describing the shapes of the IRFs indicates three principal components that together account for 84% of the variability in IRF shape: the first is related to IRF skewness and temporal spread and accounts for 51% of the variability; the second and third largely are related to time-variant properties and together account for 33% of the variability. Sites with IRFs that dominantly comprise exponential curves are separated geographically from those dominantly comprising lognormal curves in both aquifers as a result of spatial heterogeneity. The use of multiple IRF metrics in PCA is a novel method to characterize, compare, and classify the way in which different sites and aquifers respond to recharge. As convolution models are developed for additional aquifers, they could contribute to an IRF database and a general classification system for karst aquifers.
Tracing groundwater salinization processes in coastal aquifers: a hydrogeochemical and isotopic approach in Na-Cl brackish waters of north-western Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Mongelli G. , Monni S. , Oggiano G. , Paternoster M. , Sinisi R.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. In the Mediterranean area the demand of good quality water is often threatened by salinization, especially in coastal areas. The salinization is the result of concomitant processes due to both marine water intrusion and rock-water interaction, which in some cases are hardly distinguishable. In northwestern Sardinia, in the Nurra area, salinization due to marine water intrusion has been recently evidenced as consequence of bore hole exploitation. However, the geology of the Nurra records a long history from Paleozoic to Quaternary, resulting in relative structural complexity and in a wide variety of lithologies, including Triassic evaporites. To elucidate the origin of the saline component in the Nurra aquifer, may furnish a useful and more general model for the salinization processes in the Mediterranean area, where the occurrence of evaporitic rocks in coastal aquifers is a common feature. In addition, due to intensive human activities and recent climatic changes, the Nurra has become vulnerable to desertification and, similarly to other Mediterranean islands, surface-water resources can periodically suffer from drastic shortage. With this in mind we report new data, regarding brackish waters of Na-Cl type of the Nurra, including major ions and selected trace elements (B, Br, I and Sr) and isotopic data, including δ18O, δD in water, and δ34S and δ18O in dissolved sulphate. To better depict the origin of the salinity we also analyzed a set of Nurra Triassic evaporites for mineralogical and isotopic composition. The brackish waters have Cl contents up to 2025 mg L−1 and the ratios between dissolved ions and chlorine, with the exception of the Br/Cl ratio, are not those expected on the basis of a simple mixing between rain water and seawater. The δ18O and δD data indicate that most of the waters are within the Regional Meteoric Water Line and the Global Meteoric Water Line supporting the idea that they are meteoric in origin. A relevant consequence of the meteoric origin of the Nurra Na-Cl type water is that the Br/Cl ratio, extensively used to assess the origin of salinity in fresh water, should be used with care also in near coastal carbonate aquifers. Overall, and consistent with the geology and the lithological features of the study area, δ34S and δ18O in dissolved sulphate suggest that water-rock interaction is the responsible for the Nurra Na-Cl brackish water composition. Evaporites dissolution also explain the high chlorine contents since halite has been detected in the gypsum levels. Finally, the Nurra Na-Cl brackish water are undersaturated with respect to the more soluble salts involving, in a climate evolving toward semi-arid conditions, that the salinization process could dramatically intensify in the near future.
Effect of Blanching Treatments against Protein Content and Amino Acid Drumstick Leaves (Moringa oleifera)
Authors: Kirana Titi Mutiara , Harijono Harijono , Estiasih Teti , Sriwahyuni Endang
Published: January 2013

Three blanching methods, namely boiling, steaming, and boiling+sodium bicarbonate, were used to evaluate amino acids contens and score of Moringa leaves under different blanching. Results showed that blanching had a great effect on amino acids and scores of Moringa leaves and their digestibility increased. Different methods of blanching had variable effects on Moringa leaves’ amino acids and digestibility significantly (p<=0.05). Steam blanching Moringa leaves had the highest amino acid content by 31.49%. Results also revealed that under different blanching Moringa leaves at levels of leucine of steam and boil+sodium bicarbonate samples, lysine content of boil and steam blanching are higher than those of FAO/WHO requirement pattern. The in vitro protein digestibility under study ranged from 49.6 to 52.3%.
Les avatars de la crise moderniste
Authors: Routhier Gilles
Published: January 2013

En 1996, dressant un panorama de l’évolution des formes du discours chrétien, Christoph Theobald observait qu’avec Vatican II, l’Église catholique passait à une nouvelle étape, l’encyclique Humani generis (1950) marquant « la fin d’une époque de dogmatisation fondamentale ». Cinquante ans après Vatican II, on peut se demander si cette lecture, qui est tributaire d’une compréhension de la réception de Vatican II, tient toujours. En effet, on peut aujourd’hui observer des résurgences de formes anciennes du discours chrétien montrant que les apprentissages proposés à l’Église catholique ne sont pas tous accomplis. Cet article, s’appuyant sur les analyses de Christoph Theobald, après avoir exposé les déplacements importants réalisés au moment de Vatican II et indiqué le « changement d’ordre » qu’il implique, montre que les évolutions proposées par le Concile n’ont pas toutes été reçues et que le modernisme connaît des avatars, au moins au jugement des dissidents intégristes, et que la crise moderniste continue en partie à définir la situation présente. Cela conduit l’auteur à conclure que la théologie doit reprendre ses travaux sur la tradition.
In vitro metabolism study of Strychnos alkaloids using high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with hybrid ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Tian Ji‐Xin , Peng Can , Xu Lei , Tian Yuan , Zhang Zun‐Jian
Published: January 2013

In this report, the in vitro metabolism of Strychnos alkaloids was investigated using liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry for the first time. Strychnine and brucine were selected as model compounds to determine the universal biotransformations of the Strychnos alkaloids in rat liver microsomes. The incubation mixtures were separated by a bidentate‐C18 column, and then analyzed by on‐line ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. With the assistance of mass defect filtering technique, full‐scan accurate mass datasets were processed for the discovery of the related metabolites. The structural elucidations of these metabolites were achieved by comparing the changes in accurate molecular masses, calculating chemical component using Formula Predictor software and defining sites of biotransformation based upon accurate MSn spectral information. As a result, 31 metabolites were identified, of which 26 metabolites were reported for the first time. These biotransformations included hydroxylation, N‐oxidation, epoxidation, methylation, dehydrogenation, de‐methoxylation, O‐demethylation, as well as hydrolysis reactions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accessibility of low‐molecular‐mass molecules to the median eminence and arcuate hypothalamic nucleus of adult mouse
Authors: Morita Shoko , Miyata Seiji
Published: January 2013

Blood‐derived molecules are able to access to the median eminence (ME) and arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (Arc) due to the lack of the blood–brain barrier. In the present study, we examined the accessibility of low‐molecular‐mass (LMM) molecules into parenchyma in the ME and Arc of adult mice by administration of Dextran 3000 (Dex3k), Dex10k, Evans blue (EB) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). In the external zone of the ME, the fluorescence of Dex3k, EB and FITC tracers generated an intensity gradient from fenestrated capillary, but that of Dex10k was detected only between the inner and outer basement membrane of pericapillary space. The fluorescence of FITC in the external zone of the ME was closely associated with axonal terminals and surrounded by cellular processes of tanycytes‐like cells and astrocytes. In the ependymal/internal zone of the ME and Arc, the fluorescence of all LMM tracers was seen at tanycytes‐like cells and neurons. The fluorescence of EB and FITC in these regions was not detected when brains were fixed during or before the administration of tracers. The inhomogeneity of accessibility for fluorescent tracers depended on routes for tracer administration. Thus, the present study indicates that the accessibility of LMM blood‐derived molecules to parenchyma depends on fenestration of the capillary in the external zone of the ME and active transport of ependymal cells in the ependymal/internal zone of the ME and Arc. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progress in Electronic Structure Calculations on Spin‐Crossover Complexes
Authors: Paulsen Hauke , Schünemann Volker , Wolny Juliusz A.
Published: January 2013

Spin‐crossover (SCO) complexes are an ongoing challenge to quantum chemistry due to the delicate balance of their electronic and entropic contributions to the adiabatic enthalpy difference between the high‐ and low‐spin states. This challenge has fuelled an improvement in the existing quantum chemical methods and the development of new ones and will continue to do so. The progress in electronic structure calculations performed on SCO complexes in recent years has made quantum chemical methods valuable tools that may aid the design of new SCO compounds with desirable features. Post‐Hartree–Fock ab initio methods can be used to calculate the adiabatic energy difference between high‐ and low‐spin states with satisfactory accuracy but are currently limited to model systems or smaller molecular SCO complexes. The results obtained by these methods serve as references for other electronic structure calculations that may also be applied to larger systems. The methods of choice for the calculation of geometries and molecular vibrations of isolated SCO complexes and of crystalline compounds are based on density functional theory (DFT). Recent hybrid functionals can be used to calculate the adiabatic energy difference to an accuracy that is in some cases close to that of ab initio calculations, although no unique functional has been identified up to now that is superior to other functionals in all cases. DFT methods can now also be applied to crystalline systems and allow intermolecular effects to be investigated that are important for understanding the cooperativity of spin transitions.
High‐order CFD methods: current status and perspective
Authors: Wang Z.J. , Fidkowski Krzysztof , Abgrall Rémi , Bassi Francesco , Caraeni Doru , Cary Andrew , Deconinck Herman , Hartmann Ralf , Hillewaert Koen , Huynh H.T. , Kroll Norbert , May Georg , Persson Per‐Olof , van Leer Bram , Visbal Miguel
Published: January 2013

After several years of planning, the 1st International Workshop on High‐Order CFD Methods was successfully held in Nashville, Tennessee, on January 7–8, 2012, just before the 50th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the German Aerospace Center provided much needed support, financial and moral. Over 70 participants from all over the world across the research spectrum of academia, government labs, and private industry attended the workshop. Many exciting results were presented. In this review article, the main motivation and major findings from the workshop are described. Pacing items requiring further effort are presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological Change Mechanisms in Anorexia Nervosa Treatments: How Much Do We Know?
Authors: Wollburg Eileen , Meyer Björn , Osen Bernhard , Löwe Bernd
Published: January 2013

Objective

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a debilitating and often chronic and treatment‐resistant disorder. Despite decades of theoretical progress and research, many questions remain with regard to the psychological mechanisms explaining why and how some AN patients respond to treatment whereas others do not. Based on the premise that the broader, noneating disorders psychotherapy research literature, and particularly the common factors literature, can inform AN treatment development efforts, we review a set of selected psychological change mechanisms and describe how they might be relevant in the context of AN treatment response. Specifically, we suggest that a systematic consideration of constructs such as basic psychological needs, expectancies, the therapeutic alliance, experiential avoidance, and patient motivation for change might help illuminate how patients do or do not benefit from AN treatment. We briefly describe an ongoing multicenter trial in which the constructs introduced here are being measured on a weekly basis and are examined as potential mediators of treatment response. The article aims to contribute to the AN literature by introducing a set of potentially important change constructs that we think ought to be studied in greater depth by AN researchers.
Identity Dimensions and Related Processes in Emerging Adulthood: Helpful or Harmful?
Authors: Ritchie Rachel A. , Meca Alan , Madrazo Vanessa L. , Schwartz Seth J. , Hardy Sam A. , Zamboanga Byron L. , Weisskirch Robert S. , Kim Su Yeong , Whitbourne Susan Krauss , Ham Lindsay S. , Lee Richard M.
Published: January 2013

Objectives

The current study evaluated the mediational role of well‐being in the relationship between identity development and psychosocial functioning.

Method

A sample of 7,649 undergraduate students (73% female; mean age = 19.95, standard deviation = 1.98; 62% Caucasian) completed measures of personal identity, well‐being, internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, and health‐risk behaviors.

Results

Results revealed that (a) identity exploration and commitment were negatively associated with internalizing symptoms, health‐risk behaviors, and externalizing problems through well‐being, (b) ruminative exploration was negatively associated with well‐being and positively associated with externalizing problems, and (c) increased levels of ruminative exploration appear more detrimental for men than for women.

Conclusion

The study shed light on the mechanisms through which identity processes are related to internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, and health‐risk behaviors. The role of well‐being in these associations, and the potentially deleterious “side effects” of exploration and commitment appear to suggest new and important directions for identity research.
Educating a new cadre of experts specializing in digital collections and digital curation: Experiential learning in digital library curriculum
Authors: Matusiak Krystyna K. , Hu Xiao
Published: January 2013

Integration of experiential learning into the library and information science (LIS) courses has been a theme in LIS education, but the topic deserves renewed attention with an increasing demand for professionals in the digital library field and in light of the new initiative announced by the Library of Congress (LC) and the Institution of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) for national residency program in digital curation. The balance between theory and practice in digital library curricula, the challenges of incorporating practical projects into LIS coursework, and the current practice of teaching with hands on activities represent the primary areas of this panel discussion.

The panel brings together a representative from the Library of Congress Office of Strategic Initiative to talk about the Residency in Digital Curation program and LIS educators who are actively involved in developing and teaching DL courses with experiential components in face‐to‐face, hybrid, and online environments.
The art of creating an informative data collection for automated deception detection: A corpus of truths and lies
Authors: Rubin Victoria L. , Conroy Niall J.
Published: January 2013

One of the novel research directions in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning involves creating and developing methods for automatic discernment of deceptive messages from truthful ones. Mistaking intentionally deceptive pieces of information for authentic ones (true to the writer's beliefs) can create negative consequences, since our everyday decision‐making, actions, and mood are often impacted by information we encounter. Such research is vital today as it aims to develop tools for the automated recognition of deceptive, disingenuous or fake information (the kind intended to create false beliefs or conclusions in the reader's mind). The ultimate goal is to support truthfulness ratings that signal the trustworthiness of the retrieved information, or alert information seekers to potential deception. To proceed with this agenda, we require elicitation techniques for obtaining samples of both deceptive and truthful messages from study participants in various subject areas. A data collection, or a corpus of truths and lies, should meet certain basic criteria to allow for meaningful analysis and comparison of socio‐linguistic behaviors. In this paper we propose solutions and weigh pros and cons of various experimental set‐ups in the art of corpus building. The outcomes of three experiments demonstrate certain limitations with using online crowdsourcing for data collection of this type. Incorporating motivation in the task descriptions, and the role of visual context in creating deceptive narratives are other factors that should be addressed in future efforts to build a quality dataset.
Children's perceptual cognitive factors in book selection and metadata schema: Pilot study
Authors: Beak Jihee
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this study is to understand children's perceptual cognitive factors and processes during book selection. Moreover, this study aims to explore how the perceptual cognitive factors can be described in a metadata schema for children's libraries. The study contributes to the improvement of Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) reflecting children's perceptual cognition. Current Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) in most school and public libraries are minimally specialized for children. Most school and public libraries have been using the standard KOS, e.g., AACR2, DDC, LCSH, Sears Subject Headings. These KOS usually focus on describing characteristics of information and targeting adult user groups. However, children perceive, categorize, and name information in a different way than adults do. Due to the lack of consideration of children's cognition in KOS, children have trouble in searching for information. Therefore, it is necessary to examine how well current KOS consider children's cognition. In KOS, metadata elements correspond to conceptual aspects of information. Consequently, the study suggests how conceptual aspects of information based on children's perception can be represented in metadata elements.

The findings of this study identify 14 emergent facets of information through various factors of information during the perceptual cognitive process in book selection. These factors and facets are re‐analyzed within a Knowledge Organization theoretical context. This study suggests multiple characteristics of perceptual cognitive processes: 1) two different types of processes: PAL (Paying Attention by Looking) and BAR (Being Aware by Recalling); 2) direct and indirect factors of resources; and 3) concrete or abstract factors. Lastly, this study discusses how these perceptual cognitive factors can be represented in metadata schema.
Third space as an information system and services intervention methodology for engaging the user's deepest levels of information need
Authors: Kuhlthau Carol , Cole Charles
Published: January 2013

The paper discusses overview principles of information system and services intervention strategies for students researching a school assignment, then tests these principles in a field study. The principles are based on Kuhlthau's ISP Model, Cole's theory of information need and Maniotes' concept of Third Space. The six‐stage ISP Model describes information barriers that arise for students researching a school assignment while they are exploring information in Stage 3; they must transition to a focus formulation in Stage 4, but information overload and other barriers frequently block their thinking. The theory of information need seeks to explain successful Stage 3‐to‐Stage 4 transition as the student engaging his or her ways of knowing, which will enable focus formulation. Third Space is an intersection zone between the school curriculum and the student's knowledge and ways of knowing, creating a dynamic conception of the learning space that involves the student's outside‐the‐classroom knowledge. A content analysis study illustrates a methodology for operationalizing and testing these concepts and principles in a naturalistic setting.
Information outsiders of the 21st Century: Access and implications for information behavior research
Authors: Arns Jennifer W. , Copeland Clayton A. , Jaeger Paul T. , Subramaniam Mega , Mehra Bharat
Published: January 2013

Equity of access is an imperative in the global information world of the 21st Century. For the information outsider however, or those who are disenfranchised by social constructions, or economic, educational, or political circumstances, information poverty is a disheartening reality (Chatman, 1992; 1996; 2000; Burnett, Bessant, & Chatman, 2001). The functions of this panel are to explore the information worlds of select marginalized populations and the resulting implications for information behavior. It is intended to begin providing a framework for understanding the interactions between information, information access, and information behavior. The presentations and ensuing discussion offer insight into physical and virtual or digital information access for information outsiders and implications for Library and Information Science (LIS) education and practice.
Predictive value of comments in the service engagement process
Authors: Carman Stephen , Strong Ray , Chandra Anca , Oh Sechan , Spangler Scott , Anderson Laura , Bernard J. Jansen
Published: January 2013

From the point of view of service providers, a service engagement process begins at the time an opportunity is known and concludes when a proposal for service delivery is resolved (won, lost or canceled). As such, understanding the service engagement process is critical for many businesses. This paper reports an application of text analytics to predict the engagement outcomes of service engagement opportunities based on written text comments about the opportunities during the course of the engagement processes. The comments are attached to documents, which also contain formally prepared solution proposals for potential deals. We examine whether the comments provide value by predicting the outcome of the engagement. Our final data set was 1,000 engagements and approximately 20,000 comments. We designed and carried out two experiments: one building a general classifier that would predict outcomes from comments; and the other building a one‐sided classifier that could provide an advance warning for a significant subset of the deals with one particular outcome. The classifier achieved a 96% precision (4 percent false positives) for the cancel class and also a 96% recall on the full set of training documents. Our experiments show the predictive value of comments or service providers during service engagement and provide an interesting indication of trend in the practice of providing comments.
A comparative study of navigation using single vs. community driven tag clouds on websites
Authors: Nizam Naureen , Watters Carolyn , Gruzd Anatoliy
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare two variations of tag clouds, one where the tags are created by a single author and the other where the tags are created by a community of authors. Using mixed methodologies, data was captured and analyzed for efficiency and enjoyment. The results show that tag clouds, where the tags are created by a single author are more efficient and enjoyable for navigation than those created by a community of authors. The findings from this study also provide recommendations for future research in improving tag based navigation on websites.
Longitudinal comparative analysis of item‐level and collection‐level user searching in a digital library
Authors: Zavalina Oksana L. , Vassilieva Elena
Published: January 2013

This poster reports the preliminary results of a comparative transaction log analysis study of user searching at collection and item levels in a large‐scale cultural heritage digital library that provides a unique option for collection‐level search. Substantial changes in user searching have been observed over time, including an important trend of the growing use of collection‐level search feature. Results also demonstrate differences in the search query lengths, frequencies, and distribution of search categories between the collection‐level and item‐level searching. The higher occurrence of place and concept categories in collection‐level user searches than in item‐level searches has been consistent over time. The analysis also revealed the prevalence of subject searching (including concept, object, event, place, class of persons, and ethnic group search categories) both at the collection level and at the item level.

This study provides empirical data to support digital library developers' decision making regarding information organization in large‐scale aggregations of digital collections.
Analysis of multimedia needs and searching features: An exploratory study
Authors: Chung EunKyung , Yoon JungWon
Published: January 2013

To understand users' multimedia needs and searching behaviors on the Web, this study observed and interviewed twenty college students' multimedia searching behaviors in Korea. By analyzing the data set of this study, the preliminary findings are presented in terms of needs and uses, searching sources, relevance criteria, and search barriers for multimedia resources. Participants searched multimedia resources with diverse needs and uses. With a wide variety of needs, participants were likely to search multimedia resources using search engines mostly because of their familiarity. Particularly, when they search multimedia for their entertainment, file quality and copyright were significant criteria for relevance judgment. Insufficient visual description and limited preview features were reported as major search barriers.
Library & information science literature: How much of it is research?
Authors: Turcios Mirna E. , Agarwal Naresh , Watkins Linda
Published: January 2013

In Library and Information Science (LIS), while there is an awareness of the variety of journal literature, we do not have a number on the percentage of the collection that qualifies as research. A content analysis of the LIS literature available at the Simmons College Library is currently in progress. The research level collection of LIS literature in support of the Graduate School of Library and Information Science (GSLIS) program at the college makes the Library an ideal candidate for this study. Research is pre‐defined and a collection method for a content analysis is planned. The entirety of the collection of articles available in 2011 will be analyzed and classified as per: 1) research versus non‐research, 2) the subject of each article, and 3) the percentage of research compared to non‐research. This study will benefit students, faculty, and staff with research requirements as well as librarians who guide patrons through a search. Further, it will provide a sense of the state of LIS literature for the sample year to be compared to previous studies.
Gender differences concerning Wikipedia: A follow‐up study
Authors: Lim Sook
Published: January 2013

This follow‐up study of Lim and Kwon (2010) examined whether gender differences persist in certain aspects concerning Wikipedia. Additionally, this study examined other new variables, such as satisficing (satisfying and sufficing) and peer approval in relation to gender. Data were collected using a web survey in fall 2011. A total of 123 surveys were usable for this study. The key findings show that two data sets collected three years apart were consistent with each other, demonstrating that the persistence of gender differences in college students with respect to Wikipedia use, their perceived credibility of Wikipedia, and self‐evaluation of their ability discerning the credibility of Wikipedia information. In addition, this study found that male students showed a higher level of satisficing with Wikipedia and tended to report a higher level of their peer's approval for Wikipedia than their female counterparts did. The findings call for attention to educational interventions to narrow the gender gap concerning Wikipedia or user‐generated content (UGC).
Effects of learning styles on the application of search tactics: A preliminary result
Authors: Huang Chunsheng , Joo Soohyung , Xie Iris
Published: January 2013

In this study, we investigated how searchers' learning styles would influence their application of search tactics. We measured searchers' learning styles including Active/Reflective and Sensing/Intuitive dimensions using Felder and Silverman's (1988) instrument. Then, based on multiple regression, the effects of learning styles on searchers' application patterns of search tactics were examined. Preliminary results of this study indicates that (1) active searchers spent more time in accessing forward tactics, (2) sensing searchers spent more time in visiting previous pages and in evaluating search results, and (3) reflective searchers spent more time in evaluating individual items.
Follow the data: How astronomers use and reuse data
Authors: Sands Ashley , Borgman Christine L. , Wynholds Laura , Traweek Sharon
Published: January 2013

We analyze the people and infrastructure involved in the building, sustaining, and curation of large astronomy sky surveys. Our research assesses what new infrastructures, divisions of labor, knowledge, and expertise are necessary for the proper care of data. Between May 2011‐ February 2012, we conducted fourteen interviews employing Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data use as the focus. SDSS is a multi‐faceted, multi‐phased data‐driven telescope project with hundreds of collaborators and thousands of users of the open data. The Follow the Data interview protocol identifies a single publication authored by each interviewee and uses it as a lens looking backward and forward to identify data uses leading into and out of the publication.

The interviews revealed the ways these astronomers discover, locate, retrieve, and store external data for their research. Any given astronomy research project may employ multiple methods to discover, locate, retrieve, and store multiple datasets. Our research finds that informal and formal methods are used to discover and locate data, including person‐to‐person contact. Data retrieval and storage methods are often determined by the size of the dataset and the amount of infrastructure available to the researcher. Astronomy research practices are evolving rapidly with access to more data and better tools. The poster presentation will report further on how those data are used and reused in astronomy.
An ecological approach to examining how Americans seek information in today's information environment
Authors: Zhang Yin , Kudva Sonali
Published: January 2013

In recent years, several scholars have called for an ecological approach to HIB (Human information Behavior) research in order to better understand information needs and information seeking. In this poster we present the theoretical background of the ecological approach and present the findings of a study that investigates correlations between people's information needs and the information channels they seek in relation to contextual and environmental factors.
Combined methods, thick descriptions: Languages of collaboration on Github
Authors: Weber Nicholas M.
Published: January 2013

Like many professional work activities in this age of ubiquitous computing and high‐speed internet connections, computer programming and software development are increasingly mediated by systems with ‘social media’ features like profiles, avatars, ‘liking’, and commenting capabilities. When working on shared tasks, programmers have effectively leveraged these capabilities to overcome differences in time and location while simultaneously using collaborative web applications, such as version control repositories like SCM or ‘git’ systems to work together more efficiently. Here we present preliminary findings from a project investigating patterns of collaboration on the social coding platform Github. We've used a research method that combines the use of statistical approaches from social network analysis (SNA) and traditional qualitative case study construction. Our results show that this method is useful in qualitatively explaining the topology of a collaborative network, especially the formation of cliques that have been identified using traditional SNA metrics.