bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of Three-Body Contact Temperature under the Different Third Particle Size, Density, and Value of Friction
Authors: Wu Horng-Wen , Chen Yang-Yuan , Horng Jeng-Haur
Published: October 2017

Recently, many studies have investigated the friction, wear, and temperature characteristics of the interface between two relative movements. Such analyses often set the coefficient of friction as a fixed value and are analyzed in cases of two-body contact; however, the interface is often a three-body contact and the coefficient of friction varies depending on the operating conditions. This is a significant error in the analysis of contact characteristics, therefore, in this study, the actual interface and the change of the coefficient of friction were analyzed based on three-body micro-contact theory where the contact temperature was also analyzed and the difference between the generally assumed values were compared. The results showed that under three-body contact, the coefficient of total friction increased with an increase in particle size; and at a different particle size and area density of particles, the surface contact temperature increased with the plasticity index and load increases, and the particle contact temperature increased with the increasing particle size. The surface temperature rise was mainly affected by the ratio of the average temperature between surface 1 and surface 2 to the multiplication between the 100th root of the area density of particles and the square root of the equivalent surface roughness (Ts1s2_ave*/ηa0.01σ0.5) and the ratio of the 10th root of the mean particle diameter to the 100th root of the equivalent surface roughness (xa0.1/σ0.001). Particle temperature was mainly affected by the ratio of the 10th root of the mean particle diameter to the 100th root of the equivalent surface roughness (xa0.1/σ0.001) and the area density of particles ηa. Our study indicated that when the contact of surface with surface and the contact of the particles with the surface, the resulting heat balance was assigned to the particles and the surface in a three-body contact situation. Under this contact behavior, it could avoid a too high a rise in micro-contact temperature to achieve the material failure temperature.
Effect of Ge Nanocrystals on 1.54 μm Photoluminescence Enhancement in Er2O3:ZnO and Ge Co-Sputtered Films
Authors: Fan Ranran , Lu Fei , Li Kaikai
Published: October 2017

Photoluminescence (PL) of Er and Ge co-doped ZnO films synthesized by radio frequency magnetron co-sputtering was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the annealing process at 400–800 °C led to the formation of nanocrystal (nc) Ge. Samples containing nc-Ge showed a strong visible PL with a peak at 582–593 nm, which was consistent with the calculated energy of the exciton of the ~5 nm-sized nc-Ge, according to the quantum confinement effect. The formation of nc-Ge could greatly enhance the 1.54 μm emission, and it is considered that the 1.54 μm PL enhancement may come from a joint effect of both the energy transfer from nc-Ge to Er3+ and the local environment change of Er3+.
Persistence of Norovirus GII Genome in Drinking Water and Wastewater at Different Temperatures
Authors: Kauppinen Ari , Miettinen Ilkka
Published: October 2017

Human norovirus (NoV) causes waterborne outbreaks worldwide suggesting their ability to persist and survive for extended periods in the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the persistence of the NoV GII genome in drinking water and wastewater at three different temperatures (3 °C, 21 °C, and 36 °C). The persistence of two NoV GII inoculums (extracted from stool) and an indigenous NoV GII were studied. The samples were collected for up to one year from drinking water and for up to 140 days from wastewater. Molecular methods (RT-qPCR) were used to assess the decay of the NoV genome. Decay rate coefficients were determined from the fitted decay curves using log-linear and/or non-linear model equations. Results showed significant differences in the decay kinetics of NoV genome between the temperatures, matrices, and virus strains. The persistence of NoV was higher in drinking water compared to wastewater, and the cold temperature assisted persistence at both matrices. Differences between the persistence of NoV strains were also evident and, particularly, indigenous NoVs persisted better than spiked NoVs in wastewater. The decay constants obtained in this study can be utilized to assess the fate of the NoV genome in different water environments.
The Attitude of Medical and Pharmacy Students towards Research Activities: A Multicenter Approach
Authors: Bhagavathula Akshaya , Bandari Deepak , Tefera Yonas , Jamshed Shazia , Elnour Asim , Shehab Abdulla
Published: October 2017

Aim: To assess the attitude of medical and pharmacy students in Asian and African universities towards scholarly research activities. Methods: An anonymous, cross-sectional, self-reported online survey questionnaire was administered to medical and pharmacy students studying in various Asian and African universities through social media between May and July 2016. A 68-item close-ended questionnaire consisting of Likert-scale options assessed the students’ research-specific experiences, and their attitudes towards scholarly research publications. Results: A total of 512 questionnaires were completed, with a response rate of 92% from Asia and 94% from Africa. More pharmacy students (70.8%) participated than medical students (29.2%). Overall 52.2% of the pharmacy students and 40% of medical students believed that research activities provided a means of gaining respect from their faculty members. Lack of encouragement, paucity of time, gaps in research activities and practices, and lack of research funding were some of the most common barriers acknowledged by the students. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney test showed that a statistically significant difference was observed, in that more than 80% of the pharmacy students viewed scientific writing and research activities as valuable experiences (p = 0.001) and would like to involve their co-students in scholarly research activities (p = 0.002); whereas the majority of the medical students desired to be involved more in scholarly research publications (p = 0.033). Conclusion: Pharmacy students had good attitudes towards research activities and a higher number of medical students desired to be involved more in research publications. Faculties may consider taking special research initiatives to address the barriers and improve the involvement of medical and pharmacy students in scholarly research activities.
Effect of Silicate Slag Application on Wheat Grown Under Two Nitrogen Rates
Authors: White Brandon , Tubana Brenda , Babu Tapasya , Mascagni Henry , Agostinho Flavia , Datnoff Lawrence , Harrison Steve
Published: October 2017

Field studies were established on the alluvial floodplain soils in Louisiana, from 2013 to 2015, to evaluate the effect of silicate slag applications on productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum), under sufficient and high nitrogen (N) application rates. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with four replications consisting of twelve treatments: a factorial combination of two N (101 and 145 kg N ha−1) and five silicate slag rates (0, 1, 2, 4.5, and 9 Mg ha−1), and two control plots (with and without lime). Nitrogen had a greater impact on wheat productivity than silicate slag application. Wheat grain yield reached over 7000 kg ha−1 with applications of 145 kg N, and 9 Mg silicate slag per ha for soil having Si level <20 mg kg−1. Yield increases due to N or Si were attributed to the increase in number of spike m−2 and grain number spike−1. Silicate slag application effectively raised soil pH, and availability of several plant-essential nutrients, including plant-available N (nitrate, NO3−), demonstrating the benefits of slag application are beyond increasing plant-available Si. The benefits of silicate slag application were clearly observed in wheat supplied with high N, and on soil with low plant-available Si.
A Conversion Method to Determine the Regional Vegetation Cover Factor from Standard Plots Based on Large Sample Theory and TM Images: A Case Study in the Eastern Farming-Pasture Ecotone of Northern China
Authors: Lin Degen , Gao Yuan , Wu Yaoyao , Shi Peijun , Yang Huiming , Wang Jing’ai
Published: October 2017

The key to simulating soil erosion is to calculate the vegetation cover (C) factor. Methods that apply remote sensing to calculate the C factor at a regional scale cannot directly use the C factor formula. That is because the C factor formula is obtained by experiments, and needs the coverage ratio data of croplands, woodlands, and grasslands at a standard plot scale. In this paper, we present a C factor conversion method from a standard plot to a km-sized grid based on large sample theory and multi-scale remote sensing. The results show that: (1) Compared with the existing C factor formula, our method is based on the coverage ratio of croplands, woodlands, and grasslands on a km-sized grid, and takes the C factor formula obtained from the standard plot experiment and applies it to a regional scale. This method improves the applicability of the C factor formula, and can satisfy the need to simulate soil erosion in large areas; (2) The vegetation coverage obtained by remote sensing interpretation is significantly consistent (paired samples t-test, t = −0.03, df = 0.12, 2-tail significance p < 0.05) and significantly correlated with the measured vegetation coverage; (3) The C factor of the study area is smaller in the middle, southern, and northern regions, and larger in the eastern and western regions. The main reason for that is the distribution of woodlands, the Hunshandake and Horqin sandy lands, and the valleys affected by human activities; (4) The method presented in this paper is more meticulous than the C factor method based on the vegetation index, improves the applicability of the C factor formula, and can be used to simulate soil erosion on a large scale and provide strong support for regional soil and water conservation planning.
Angular Resolution Enhancement Provided by Nonuniformly-Spaced Linear Hydrophone Arrays in Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing
Authors: Wang Delin , Ratilal Purnima
Published: October 2017

Uniformly-spaced apertures or subapertures of large, densely-sampled, discrete linear receiver arrays are often used in remote sensing to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by coherent beamforming that reduces noise coming from directions outside the signal beam. To avoid spatial aliasing or the presence of grating lobes in real spatial directions, the uniformly-spaced array inter-element spacing d sets a limit on the maximum frequency f max < c / 2 d of signals suitable for beamforming with the array, where c is the medium’s wave propagation speed. Here, we show that a nonuniformly-spaced array, for instance, formed by combining multiple uniformly-spaced subapertures of a nested linear array, can significantly enhance the array angular resolution while simultaneously avoiding dominant grating lobes in real angular space, even for signals with frequencies beyond the maximum that the array is designed for. The array gain, beam width, and maximum grating lobe height are quantified for the Office of Naval Research Five Octave Research Array (ONR-FORA) for various combinations of its uniformly-spaced subapertures, leading to nonuniformly-spaced subarrays. Illustrative examples show angular resolution enhancement provided by the nonuniformly-spaced ONR-FORA subarrays over that of its uniformly-spaced individual subaperture counterparts in both active and passive ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing, drawn from measurements in the Gulf of Maine 2006 Experiment.
Some Hardware and Instrumentation Aspects of the Development of an Automation System for Jar Tests in Drinking Water Treatment
Authors: Calderón Antonio , González Isaías
Published: October 2017

The so-called Jar Test (JT) plays a vital role in the drinking water and wastewater treatments for establishing the dosage of flocculants and coagulant. This test is a well-proved laboratory instrumental procedure performed by trained personnel. In this work, a completely novel system for the automation and monitoring of a JT devoted to drinking water treatment is presented. It has been implemented using an industrial programmable controller and sensors and instruments specifically selected for this purpose. Once the parameters of the test have been entered, the stages that compose the JT (stirring, coagulant addition, etc.) are sequentially performed without human intervention. Moreover, all the involved measurements from sensors are collected and made accessible for continuous monitoring of the process. By means of the proposed system, the JT procedure is conducted fully automatically and can be locally and remotely monitored in real-time. Furthermore, the developed system constitutes a portable laboratory that offers advantageous features like scalability and transportability. The proposed system is described focusing on hardware and instrumentation aspects, and successful results are reported.
Mechanical and Electrical Noise in Sense Channel of MEMS Vibratory Gyroscopes
Authors: Ding Xukai , Jia Jia , Gao Yang , Li Hongsheng
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of mechanical and electrical noise in the sense channel of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) vibratory gyroscopes. Closed-form expressions for the power spectral density (PSD) of the noise equivalent rate (NER) of gyroscopes in the open-loop and the force-rebalance operations are derived by using an averaged PSD model and an equivalent transfer function. The obtained expressions are verified through numerical simulations, demonstrating close agreements between the analytic and the numerical models. Based on the derived expressions for the PSD of the NER, the impacts of the modal frequency split, quality factor, and the gain of the feedback forcer, as well as the gain of the signal conditioning circuit, on the gyroscope noise characteristics are theoretically analyzed. In addition, the angle random walk (ARW) and the standard deviation of the NER are also discussed through the PSD models. Finally, the effects of the loop closing, the mode matching, and the gain of the feedback forcer on the PSD of the NER were verified via a MEMS vibratory gyroscope with a tunable modal frequency split.
Application of Multilayer Perceptron with Automatic Relevance Determination on Weed Mapping Using UAV Multispectral Imagery
Authors: Tamouridou Afroditi , Alexandridis Thomas , Pantazi Xanthoula , Lagopodi Anastasia , Kashefi Javid , Kasampalis Dimitris , Kontouris Georgios , Moshou Dimitrios
Published: October 2017

Remote sensing techniques are routinely used in plant species discrimination and of weed mapping. In the presented work, successful Silybum marianum detection and mapping using multilayer neural networks is demonstrated. A multispectral camera (green-red-near infrared) attached on a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was utilized for the acquisition of high-resolution images (0.1 m resolution). The Multilayer Perceptron with Automatic Relevance Determination (MLP-ARD) was used to identify the S. marianum among other vegetation, mostly Avena sterilis L. The three spectral bands of Red, Green, Near Infrared (NIR) and the texture layer resulting from local variance were used as input. The S. marianum identification rates using MLP-ARD reached an accuracy of 99.54%. Τhe study had an one year duration, meaning that the results are specific, although the accuracy shows the interesting potential of S. marianum mapping with MLP-ARD on multispectral UAV imagery.
Creating Affording Situations: Coaching through Animate Objects
Authors: Baber Chris , Khattab Ahmad , Russell Martin , Hermsdörfer Joachim , Wing Alan
Published: October 2017

We explore the ways in which animate objects can be used to cue actions as part of coaching in Activities of Daily Living (ADL). In this case, changing the appearance or behavior of a physical object is intended to cue actions which are appropriate for a given context. The context is defined by the intention of the users, the state of the objects and the tasks for which these objects can be used. We present initial design prototypes and simple user trials which explore the impact of different cues on activity. It is shown that raising the handle of a jug, for example, not only cues the act of picking up the jug but also encourages use of the hand adjacent to the handle; that combinations of lights (on the objects) and auditory cues influence activity through reducing uncertainty; and that cueing can challenge pre-learned action sequences. We interpret these results in terms of the idea that the animate objects can be used to create affording situations, and discuss implications of this work to support relearning of ADL following brain damage or injury, such as might arise following a stroke.
Micro and Nanostructured Materials for the Development of Optical Fibre Sensors
Authors: Elosua Cesar , Arregui Francisco Javier , Villar Ignacio Del , Ruiz-Zamarreño Carlos , Corres Jesus M. , Bariain Candido , Goicoechea Javier , Hernaez Miguel , Rivero Pedro J. , Socorro Abian B. , Urrutia Aitor , Sanchez Pedro , Zubiate Pablo , Lopez-Torres Diego , Acha Nerea De , Ascorbe Joaquin , Ozcariz Aritz , Matias Ignacio
Published: October 2017

The measurement of chemical and biomedical parameters can take advantage of the features exclusively offered by optical fibre: passive nature, electromagnetic immunity and chemical stability are some of the most relevant ones. The small dimensions of the fibre generally require that the sensing material be loaded into a supporting matrix whose morphology is adjusted at a nanometric scale. Thanks to the advances in nanotechnology new deposition methods have been developed: they allow reagents from different chemical nature to be embedded into films with a thickness always below a few microns that also show a relevant aspect ratio to ensure a high transduction interface. This review reveals some of the main techniques that are currently been employed to develop this kind of sensors, describing in detail both the resulting supporting matrices as well as the sensing materials used. The main objective is to offer a general view of the state of the art to expose the main challenges and chances that this technology is facing currently.
Recent Advances in Nanoparticle Concentration and Their Application in Viral Detection Using Integrated Sensors
Authors: Dincau Brian M. , Lee Yongkuk , Kim Jong-Hoon , Yeo Woon-Hong
Published: October 2017

Early disease diagnostics require rapid, sensitive, and selective detection methods for target analytes. Specifically, early viral detection in a point-of-care setting is critical in preventing epidemics and the spread of disease. However, conventional methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or cell cultures are cumbersome and difficult for field use due to the requirements of extensive lab equipment and highly trained personnel, as well as limited sensitivity. Recent advances in nanoparticle concentration have given rise to many novel detection methodologies, which address the shortcomings in modern clinical assays. Here, we review the primary, well-characterized methods for nanoparticle concentration in the context of viral detection via diffusion, centrifugation and microfiltration, electric and magnetic fields, and nano-microfluidics. Details of the concentration mechanisms and examples of related applications provide valuable information to design portable, integrated sensors. This study reviews a wide range of concentration techniques and compares their advantages and disadvantages with respect to viral particle detection. We conclude by highlighting selected concentration methods and devices for next-generation biosensing systems.
Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture: A Review about Its Limitations and Benefits
Authors: Jaramillo María , Restrepo Inés
Published: October 2017

For centuries, wastewater has been improperly used in agriculture, presenting potential risks to public health and the environment. In the context of scientific development, and confronted by an increasing water crisis, wastewater reuse merits consideration because the practice helps decrease water use pressure and moderates water pollution. Thus, this article presents a literature review that addresses the effects, both positive and negative, of wastewater use in agriculture, emphasizing the effects on the soil environment. The literature review reveals that, until the 1990s, research studies promoted the use of wastewater for irrigation purposes from a treatment approach, while proposing “end of pipe” conventional solutions. However, more recent research studies (2012–2016) reveal that agricultural reuse significantly affects soil texture properties, while also causing possible alterations of the biomass and microbiota. In addition, research in this period has been oriented to the quantitative evaluation of microbiological risk.
An Integrated Assessment Framework of Offshore Wind Power Projects Applying Equator Principles and Social Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Tseng Yu-Che , Lee Yuh-Ming , Liao Shih-Jung
Published: October 2017

This paper reviews offshore wind power project finance and provides an integrated assessment that employs Equator Principles, life cycle assessment, risk assessment, materiality analysis, credit assessment, and ISAE 3000 assurance. We have not seen any comprehensive review papers or book chapters that covers the entire offshore wind power project finance process. We also conducted an SWancor Formosa Phase 1 case study to illustrate the application of integrated assessment to better assist policymakers, wind farm developers, practitioners, potential investors and observers, and stakeholders in their decisions. We believe that this paper can form part of the effort to reduce information asymmetry and the transaction costs of wind power project finance, as well as mobilize green finance investments from the financial sector to renewable energy projects to achieve a national renewable energy policy.
Detecting the Spatially Non-Stationary Relationships between Housing Price and Its Determinants in China: Guide for Housing Market Sustainability
Authors: Mou Yanchuan , He Qingsong , Zhou Bo
Published: October 2017

Given the rapidly developing processes in the housing market of China, the significant regional difference in housing prices has become a serious issue that requires a further understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Most of the extant regression models are standard global modeling techniques that do not take spatial non-stationarity into consideration, thereby making them unable to reflect the spatial nature of the data and introducing significant bias into the prediction results. In this study, the geographically weighted regression model (GWR) was applied to examine the local association between housing price and its potential determinants, which were selected in view of the housing supply and demand in 338 cities across mainland China. Non-stationary relationships were obtained, and such observation could be summarized as follows: (1) the associations between land price and housing price are all significant and positive yet having different magnitudes; (2) the relationship between supplied amount of residential land and housing price is not statistically significant for 272 of the 338 cities, thereby indicating that the adjustment of supplied land has a slight effect on housing price for most cities; and (3) the significance, direction, and magnitude of the relationships between the other three factors (i.e., urbanization rate, average wage of urban employees, proportion of renters) and housing price vary across the 338 cities. Based on these findings, this paper discusses some key issues relating to the spatial variations, combined with local economic conditions and suggests housing regulation policies that could facilitate the sustainable development of the Chinese housing market.
Evaluation of Airplane Boarding/Deboarding Strategies: A Surrogate Experimental Test
Authors: Qiang Shengjie , Jia Bin , Huang Qingxia
Published: October 2017

Optimally organizing passengers boarding/deboarding an airplane offers a potential way to reduce the airplane turn time. The main contribution of our work is that we evaluate seven boarding strategies and two structured deboarding strategies by using a surrogate experimental test. Instead of boarding a real or mocked airplane, we carried out the experiment by organizing 40 participants to board a school bus with ten rows of four seats, symmetrically distributed on a single, central aisle. Experimental results confirm that the optimized strategies, i.e., Steffen and Steffen-lug, are superior to the traditional ones, i.e., Back-to-front, Window-to-aisle, and Random in time-saving and stability. However, the two structured deboarding strategies failed to reduce the deboarding time, and this result strongly suggests the prerequisites of applying such strategies only when, on average, passengers have a large amount of luggage. Besides, we further carried out a questionnaire survey of participants’ preferences on seat layout and discussed how those preferences influence the boarding time.
Variation and Distribution of L-A Helper Totiviruses in Saccharomyces sensu stricto Yeasts Producing Different Killer Toxins
Authors: Rodríguez-Cousiño Nieves , Gómez Pilar , Esteban Rosa
Published: October 2017

Yeasts within the Saccharomyces sensu stricto cluster can produce different killer toxins. Each toxin is encoded by a medium size (1.5–2.4 Kb) M dsRNA virus, maintained by a larger helper virus generally called L-A (4.6 Kb). Different types of L-A are found associated to specific Ms: L-A in K1 strains and L-A-2 in K2 strains. Here, we extend the analysis of L-A helper viruses to yeasts other than S. cerevisiae, namely S. paradoxus, S. uvarum and S. kudriavzevii. Our sequencing data from nine new L-A variants confirm the specific association of each toxin-producing M and its helper virus, suggesting co-evolution. Their nucleotide sequences vary from 10% to 30% and the variation seems to depend on the geographical location of the hosts, suggesting cross-species transmission between species in the same habitat. Finally, we transferred by genetic methods different killer viruses from S. paradoxus into S. cerevisiae or viruses from S. cerevisiae into S. uvarum or S. kudriavzevii. In the foster hosts, we observed no impairment for their stable transmission and maintenance, indicating that the requirements for virus amplification in these species are essentially the same. We also characterized new killer toxins from S. paradoxus and constructed “superkiller” strains expressing them.
An Economic Assessment of the Global Potential for Seawater Desalination to 2050
Authors: Gao Lu , Yoshikawa Sayaka , Iseri Yoshihiko , Fujimori Shinichiro , Kanae Shinjiro
Published: October 2017

Seawater desalination is a promising approach to satisfying water demand in coastal countries suffering from water scarcity. To clarify its potential future global scale, we perform a detailed investigation of the economic feasibility of desalination development for different countries using a feasibility index (Fi) that reflects a comparison between the price of water and the cost of production. We consider both past and future time periods. For historical validation, Fi is first evaluated for nine major desalination countries; its variation is in good agreement with the actual historical development of desalination in these countries on both spatial and temporal scales. We then simulate the period of 2015–2050 for a Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP2) and two climate scenarios. Our projected results suggest that desalination will become more feasible for countries undergoing continued development by 2050. The corresponding total global desalination population will increase by 3.2-fold in 2050 compared to the present (from 551.6 × 106 in 2015 to 1768 × 106). The major spread of seawater desalination to more countries and its availability to larger populations is mainly attributed to the diminishing production costs and increasing water prices in these countries under the given socioeconomic/climate scenarios.
Forecasting and Providing Warnings of Flash Floods for Ungauged Mountainous Areas Based on a Distributed Hydrological Model
Authors: Wang Yali , Liu Ronghua , Guo Liang , Tian Jiyang , Zhang Xiaolei , Ding Liuqian , Wang Chuanhai , Shang Yizi
Published: October 2017

Flash floods occur in mountainous catchments with short response times, which are among the most devastating natural hazards in China. This paper intends to forecast and provide warnings of flash floods timely and precisely using the flash flood warning system, which is established by a new distributed hydrological model (the China flash flood hydrological model, CNFF-HM). Two ungauged mountainous regions, Shunchang and Zherong, are chosen as the study areas. The CNFF-HM is calibrated in five well-monitored catchments. The parameters for the ungauged regions are estimated by regionalization. River water stage data and reservoir water stage data from Shunchang, and reservoir water stage data from Zherong are used to validate the model. The model performs well and the average Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) is above 0.8 for the five catchments. The validation shows the difference in the timing of flood peaks using the two types of water stage data is less than 1 h. The rising and declining trends of the floods correspond to the observed trends over the entire validation process. Furthermore, the flash flood warning system was effectively applied in flash flood event on 28 September 2016 in Zherong. Thus, the CNFF-HM with regionalization is effective in forecasting flash floods for ungauged mountainous regions.
Synthesis of substituted Z-styrenes by Hiyama-type coupling of oxasilacycloalkenes: application to the synthesis of a 1-benzoxocane
Authors: Vyvyan James R , Engles Courtney A , Bray Scott L , Wold Erik D , Porter Christopher L , Konev Mikhail O
Published: October 2017

Several Hiyama cross-coupling reactions of oxasilacycloalkenes and aryl iodides are described that produce trisubstituted Z-styrenes in moderate to excellent yields. Both electron-rich and electron-poor aryl iodides are tolerated in the cross-coupling reaction. The oxasilacycloalkene coupling partners were prepared by ruthenium-catalyzed intramolecular anti-hydrosilylation of alkynols. One of the cross-coupling products was converted to a 1-benzoxocane, albeit in low yield, using an intramolecular Buchwald–Hartwig etherification. The cyclic ether produced contains the carbon skeleton of heliannuol A.
Identification of Potential Urban Development Areas and Extraction of Urban Land Use Information Based on Open Source Data
Authors: Xu Shaojuan , Manzke Nina , Lange Norbert de , Zülsdorf Jan , Kada Martin , Ehlers Manfred
Published: October 2017

The optimization of urban land use is a very important aspect of sustainable urban development, including recycling abandoned land and further developing in-use areas. However, limited knowledge of these kinds of areas and their properties have been restricting end-users from exploring and reusing them. URBIS (URBan land recycling Information services for Sustainable cities) is a European project aimed at identifying urban areas which have potential to be further developed, as well as to extract their land use information based on open spatial data. URBIS first selected and stored possible sites as polygons in a Green or Grey Layer. In a second step, the information about the sites like size, vegetation coverage, and transportation connections are also calculated and attached as attributes to the polygons. At the end, the project results are presented through online services giving end-users the possibility to not only view all these areas but also select their own areas of interest according to particular attributes. The URBIS strategy has been successfully implemented in three pilot cities already. Since the methodology and the service system developed in the project are based on open source data and open source software, URBIS could easily be expanded to other European cities.
GIS-based Estimation of Function Mix in Urban Environment at Neighbourhood Scale
Authors: Zagorskas Jurgis
Published: October 2017

Urban consumption is growing with every year and the studies of urban form, density, transportation, and infrastructure are becoming more popular research topics. Mixed-use development is widely recognized and discussed subject of urban sustainability. It helps to cope with energy and transportation related problems in urban environment, forms walking-friendly, economically and socially vital communities. Although mixed land use is the key planning principle of sustainable development and this term frequently appears in the urban planning strategies and literature, it is rarely elaborated upon with substantive and empirical support. Furthermore – the standard mathematical models and methods for quantifying this parameter in most cases are meant for macro-scale, e.g. comparison between cities, districts. This approach miss the human scale – the scale of walkable neighbourhood, and is not suitable to support local planning decisions and detailed measures. This study performs functional mix analysis of Klaipėda City (Lithuania) with emphasis on neighbourhood scale. The demonstrated model proves the importance of scale factor and adds another dimension to existing methods providing background for micro-scale studies of urban form.
Type I Shell Galaxies as a Test of Gravity Models
Authors: Vakili Hajar , Kroupa Pavel , Rahvar Sohrab
Published: October 2017

Shell galaxies are understood to form through the collision of a dwarf galaxy with an elliptical galaxy. Shell structures and kinematics have been noted to be independent tools to measure the gravitational potential of the shell galaxies. We compare theoretically the formation of shells in Type I shell galaxies in different gravity theories in this work because this is so far missing in the literature. We include Newtonian plus dark halo gravity, and two non-Newtonian gravity models, MOG and MOND, in identical initial systems. We investigate the effect of dynamical friction, which by slowing down the dwarf galaxy in the dark halo models limits the range of shell radii to low values. Under the same initial conditions, shells appear on a shorter timescale and over a smaller range of distances in the presence of dark matter than in the corresponding non-Newtonian gravity models. If galaxies are embedded in a dark matter halo, then the merging time may be too rapid to allow multi-generation shell formation as required by observed systems because of the large dynamical friction effect. Starting from the same initial state, the observation of small bright shells in the dark halo model should be accompanied by large faint ones, while for the case of MOG, the next shell generation patterns iterate with a specific time delay. The first shell generation pattern shows a degeneracy with the age of the shells and in different theories, but the relative distance of the shells and the shell expansion velocity can break this degeneracy.
Petits échanges entre amis
Authors: Cissokho Sidy
Published: October 2017

Résumé L'une des explications les plus répandues pour décrire la forme prise par les relations entre usagers et fonctionnaires en Afrique et, ce faisant, les formes spécifiques prises par l'État sur ce continent, réside dans l'existence de pratiques et de représentations communes aux usagers et aux différentes strates de l'administration. Sur la base d'une enquête ethnographique, l'article revient sur les malentendus potentiels pouvant émerger lors de ces interactions et venant nuancer cette seule explication dans le cas sénégalais. L'article tente ainsi de saisir ce que ces potentielles fausses notes et les façons de les prévenir nous disent sur ce que signifie représenter l'État.
Disparities in Life Course Outcomes for Transition-Aged Youth with Disabilities
Authors: Acharya Kruti , Meza Regina , Msall Michael E.
Published: October 2017

Close to 750,000 youth with special health care needs transition to adult health care in the United States every year; however, less than one-half receive transition-planning services. Using the “F-words” organizing framework, this article explores life course outcomes and disparities in transition-aged youth with disabilities, with a special focus on youth with autism, Down syndrome, and cerebral palsy. Despite the importance of transition, a review of the available literature revealed that (1) youth with disabilities continue to have poor outcomes in all six “F-words” domains (ie, function, family, fitness, fun, friends, and future) and (2) transition outcomes vary by race/ethnicity and disability. Professionals need to adopt a holistic framework to examine transition outcomes within a broader social-ecological context, as well as implement evidence-based transition practices to help improve postsecondary outcomes of youth with disabilities.

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Pediatr Ann.
2017;46(10):e371–e376.]
Behavioral Health Disparities Among Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Glassgow Anne Elizabeth , Van Voorhees Benjamin
Published: October 2017

The burden of mental health morbidity, disability, and mortality in children is not equally distributed across populations in the United States. The consequence is widespread differences in health status between certain groups of children that result in systematic behavioral health disparities. In the US, an estimated 12.8% of children (9.4 million) have a special health care need. Mental, emotional, and behavioral problems and disorders are widespread among children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN), but are often undetected and untreated despite the adverse consequences to children throughout the life course. CYSHCN experience behavioral health disparities in the prevalence of behavioral health problems and conditions, and in the access to needed services. Further investigation is required to fully identify behavioral health needs, the mechanisms contributing to the disparities, and effective strategies to prevent and provide interventions for CYSHCN. Investing in research and interventions is vital to reducing behavioral health disparities.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2017;46(10):e382–e386.]
Changes in Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness During Pregnancy and After Delivery
Authors: Takahashi Junichi , Kado Masanori , Mizumoto Keiko , Igarashi Sho , Kojo Tsunemaro
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

This study was performed to investigate longitudinal changes in the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) during pregnancy and after delivery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The SFCT was measured in the first and third trimesters, shortly after delivery, and 1 month after delivery in 25 eyes of 25 women. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography was used for measurement.

RESULTS:

The mean SFCT was 347 μm ± 86 μm, 329 μm ± 81 μm, 333 μm ± 81 μm, and 330 μm ± 87 μm in the first and third trimesters, shortly after delivery, and 1 month after delivery, respectively. The SFCT in the first trimester was significantly greater than that in the third trimester, shortly after delivery, and 1 month after delivery.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study indicates that the SFCT is greater in the first trimester and decreases in the third trimester of pregnancy. The SFCT does not subsequently change until 1 month after delivery.

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Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:816–821.]
Cabbage Leaf Inverted Flap ILM Peeling for Macular Hole: A Novel Technique
Authors: Aurora Ajay , Seth Anisha , Sanduja Neeraj
Published: October 2017

Large macular holes have poor surgical outcomes with conventional vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling surgery, but improved anatomical closure rates have been seen with an inverted ILM flap technique. Many studies have been reported with modifications in the original inverted ILM technique that help in better retention of the flap over the macular hole. The authors describe a new technique of inverted ILM flap in a case of chronic, large, full-thickness macular holes, in which multiple ILM flaps were inverted over each other and the hole-like cabbage leaves.

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Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:830–832.]
Overloaded Dysfunctional RPE Leads to Delayed Absorption of Subretinal Fluid After Retinal Detachment Repair
Authors: Oellers Patrick , Eliott Dean
Published: October 2017

Persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) can impair visual recovery after vitrectomy or scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Several hypotheses have been proposed for delayed absorption of SRF, but the etiology has not been clearly identified. The authors present a patient with persistent SRF after vitrectomy for retinal detachment who developed central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) during the postoperative period in the nonoperative eye. Thus, subclinical retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) dysfunction was likely present in the operative eye, and when overloaded with SRF after retinal detachment repair, this manifested as delayed absorption. This may be the first evidence for overloaded, dysfunctional RPE as the etiology for persistent SRF following otherwise uncomplicated retinal detachment repair. The authors propose that RPE dysfunction can manifest as CSCR or, when overloaded with SRF after RD repair, it can also manifest as delayed absorption of SRF.

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Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:852–855.]
Acquired Nonpigmented Vitreous Cyst Associated With Lattice Degeneration
Authors: Lu Jing , Mai Guiying , Liu Ruyuan , Luo Yan , Lu Lin
Published: October 2017

A 63-year-old male presented with a round-shaped floater and visual obscuration in the right eye. Clinical evaluation showed a nonpigmented vitreous cyst connected to a lattice degeneration by a stalk. Immunostaining of the vitreous cyst obtained from vitrectomy showed its origin of retinal neuroepithelium. The cyst was formed by continuous vitreous traction, which might tear up the disrupted retina at the area of lattice degeneration. This report added the lattice degeneration to the list of causes for the acquired vitreous cyst.

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Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:856–858.]
Genèse de Forge et Terrasses
Authors: Dugas Guy
Published: October 2017

Forge et Terrasses, publiées à quelques années près dans le même contexte de l’Algérie coloniale, sont deux revues assez significatives des difficultés que peut rencontrer une entreprise d’écriture collective aux prises avec les échecs politiques et l’aporie culturelle.L’objet de cet article est de cerner de manière comparative les conditions de gestation des deux revues, considérées comme des processus de création collective, de mettre en évidence les moyens de leur fonctionnement, leurs ambitions et leurs engagements, et de tenter de mesurer à travers leurs archives et les éléments de leur genèse la part de réussite et les raisons de leur échec relatif.
A Trustworthy System with Mobile Services Facilitating the Everyday Life of a Museum
Authors: Koukopoulos Dimitrios , Koukoulis Kostas
Published: October 2017

A museum is an environment where users with different needs interact with each other and museum content. The need of trustworthy digital services facilitating museum management and guidance is a necessity. Nowadays mobile devices are powerful and popular. A digital museum environment should adapt mobile services to be successful. But mobile devices suffer from security vulnerabilities. The proposed system supports trustworthy mobile services based on an extended role-based access control scheme for authorization purposes. This work investigates similar systems and modern smartphone technical capabilities, along with information collected by museum experts through interviews attempting to specify user requirements. An implementation of the proposed system is provided on the context of specific real-life scenarios addressing specific services needed by museum personnel and visitors. An evaluation follows comparing the presented system with other known museum systems having as criteria the services a system should provide to support real life tasks.
Multi-Agent Simulation Collision Avoidance of Complex System
Authors: Chennoufi Mohammed , Bendella Fatima , Bouzid Maroua
Published: October 2017

In this work, we present a collision avoidance technique for a crowd robust navigation of individuals in evacuation which is a good example of a complex system. The proposed algorithm is inspired from the Reynolds model, with the addition of several individuals' behavioral criteria as well as a microscopic perception of the environment, which affects their travel speeds and emerging appeared phenomena. Our system is modeled by agent and tested by a Netlogo simulation, several modules such as A* planning, physical and psychological factors of agents have been programmed and successfully inserted into a 3D environment. Our application can be used as a framework to simulate real situations (evacuation of a stadium, a building...) in order to arrive at strategies to decision support of a complex system, which is a real problem in our daily life.
Design of Intelligent Transportation System Supported by New Generation Wireless Communication Technology
Authors: Yang Wenli , Wang Xiaojing , Song Xianghui , Yang Yun , Patnaik Srikanta
Published: October 2017

The development of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) will transition into a next level development of variously new requirements coupled with the new generation wireless communication technology. In this paper, the process-oriented structured system analysis is extended on the existing intelligent transportation architecture to establish an intelligent transportation system based on the new generation wireless communication technology, and further in-depth analysis will be performed to discuss the required additional capabilities of network, services and application support in the view of user, function, information, connection and communication. In order to comprehensively understand the technical characteristics and development of the new generation intelligent transportation system, it lays a foundation for implementation of the new generation ITS technology.
A Data Driven Approach for Safe Route Planning
Authors: Sarraf Reza , McGuire Michael P.
Published: October 2017

The rate of road accident fatalities depends on many factors including vehicle, roadway, environmental and driver characteristics. This research aims at reducing accidents using a data driven approach. Route planning applications such as Google Maps consider shortest time from a start point to a given destination. However, there are roads with design issues or high-risk roads that can result in fatal accidents and should be avoided. Although there are existing accident risk maps to help drivers to avoid such roads, these maps can be confusing and must be manually interpreted by drivers to find the safest path. The manual interpretation of the map is a time consuming and difficult task which results in ignoring the risk maps by drivers, due to complexity. This research aims at developing a novel tool to find the safest route. The resulting safe route is then compared to the path suggested by Google Maps.