bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Xen, KVM, and Proxmox Hypervisors
Authors: Algarni Sultan Abdullah , Ikbal Mohammad Rafi , Alroobaea Roobaea , Ghiduk Ahmed S , Nadeem Farrukh
Published: September 2018

Hardware virtualization plays a major role in IT infrastructure optimization in private data centers and public cloud platforms. Though there are many advancements in CPU architecture and hypervisors recently, but overhead still exists as there is a virtualization layer between the guest operating system and physical hardware. This is particularly when multiple virtual guests are competing for resources on the same physical hardware. Understanding performance of a virtualization layer is crucial as this would have a major impact on entire IT infrastructure. This article has performed an extensive study on comparing the performance of three hypervisors KVM, Xen, and Proxmox VE. The experiments showed that KVM delivers the best performance on most of the selected parameters. Xen excels in file system performance and application performance. Though Proxmox has delivered the best performance in only the sub-category of CPU throughput. This article suggests best-suited hypervisors for targeted applications.
Scheduling Multi-Workflows Over Heterogeneous Virtual Machines With a Multi-Stage Dynamic Game-Theoretic Approach
Authors: Wu Lei , Wang Yuandou
Published: September 2018

Cloud computing, with dependable, consistent, pervasive, and inexpensive access to geographically distributed computational capabilities, is becoming an increasingly popular platform for the execution of scientific applications such as scientific workflows. Scheduling multiple workflows over cloud infrastructures and resources is well recognized to be NP-hard and thus critical to meeting various types of Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. In this work, the authors consider a multi-objective scientific workflow scheduling framework based on the dynamic game-theoretic model. It aims at reducing make-spans, cloud cost, while maximizing system fairness in terms of workload distribution among heterogeneous cloud virtual machines (VMs). The authors consider randomly-generated scientific workflow templates as test cases and carry out extensive real-world tests based on third-party commercial clouds. Experimental results show that their proposed framework outperforms traditional ones by achieving lower make-spans, lower cost, and better system fairness.
Is The Alchemist soos goud bewaar?
Authors: Kotzé Herculene
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Blended learning for teaching Theology
Authors: Oliver Erna
Published: September 2018

New tools are added to the educational toolbox in order to enhance and support learning. This descriptive study expands and explains the intricate nature of blended learning. Adding to the four basic components of time, space, media and activities are the three modes of formal, informal and non-formal delivery and the external components of prior learning and lived experience. Contrary to the narrow use of traditional, mostly Western-based learning options, blended learning opens up the opportunity to incorporate not only developing technology but also neglected, traditional means of knowledge acquisition into the process of learning. It opens new pathways for the teaching of Theology in an African context. It adjusts to individual needs and serves as a countermeasure against potential digital colonialism and digital serfdom on the one hand and provide opportunities that close the space and time gaps and filter out academic isolation on the other hand. Blended learning allows educators to use and combine pedagogical approaches and learning and teaching theories in creative ways.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article calls for a widening perspective on the concept of blended learning, resulting in unique opportunities for Africanisation, decoloniality and a fresh way of teaching Theology in higher education.
Left Atrium Mass in an Infant with Complex Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Banerji Ishita
Published: September 2018

The clinical and echocardiographic findings in a 3-month-old cyanotic infant with congestive cardiac failure are described with stress on segmental approach to diagnosis. Echocardiography reveals dextrocardia, situs inversus, d-loop ventricle, tricuspid atresia, transposition of great vessels, subpulmonic ventricular septal defect (VSD), d-malposed aorta, restrictive atrial septal defect (ASD), and large mass in high-pressure left atrium (LA). Systemic veins drain to left-sided morphological right atrium (RA) and pulmonary veins returned to the right-sided morphological LA. In the presence of tricuspid atresia, blood from the morphological LA has only one outlet into the morphological RA through a restrictive ASD resulting in a high-pressure left atrial chamber. Blood from the morphological RA drains into the left-sided morphological left ventricle. From the left ventricle through the subpulmonic VSD, a portion of blood is directed into the pulmonary artery (PA) by passing the hypoplastic morphological right ventricle (RV) as the PA overrides the VSD. Blood flows from the hypoplastic RV into the aorta. Besides, LA mass seen in this 3 month-old-baby in the given setting is an extremely rare finding and to my knowledge has not been reported in literature before.
Reversible Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Anne Anjaneyulu V.
Published: September 2018

Cardiac muscle dysfunction resulting in heart failure can be reversed with appropriate diagnosis and therapy in nearly 25%8211;50% of all nonischemic cardiomyopathies. Diverse etiologies such as congenital, metabolic, toxic, infective, inflammatory, infiltrative, stress induced, and arrhythmia induced can cause myocardial dysfunction which can be restored to normal. All morphologic types including dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathies can have an underlying reversible cause. Imaging modalities such as echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CT), positron-emission tomography-CT, and cardiac magnetic resonance along with appropriate biochemical tests can help diagnose these varied etiologies. Recognizing reversible myocardial dysfunction at an early stage of the disease helps avoid inappropriate prolonged therapy for heart failure and repeated hospital admissions and may result in a cure in a significant number of cases.
Sir Alexander Morison and The Physiognomy of Mental Diseases: Part 1
Authors: Beveridge A
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Sir Alexander Morison's The Physiognomy of Mental Diseases and the original art work that formed the basis of the book have not had the scholarly attention they deserve. The published book and the commissioned portraits have not been studied in any detail. Historians have tended to offer cursory assessments that have reflected their own preconceived ideas rather than properly engaging with the material. This is a pity because Morison's work is a rich source that tells us much about the history of psychiatry. The pictures and text give us a glimpse into the world of the asylum and that of the patient. Although we see the patient through the eyes of the artist and Dr Morison, they do emerge as individuals. The accompanying texts reflect the psychiatric approach of the time and reveal contemporary notions of diagnosis, aetiology and treatment. Morison's work can also be located in the history of ideas about physiognomy. He himself was particularly influenced by Jean-Étienne-Dominique Esquirol, and Morison's work, in turn, influenced WAF Browne. These papers will outline Morison's career and consider in detail his book on The Physiognomy of Mental Diseases.
Relationship between erythema effective UV radiant exposure, total ozone and cloud cover in southern England UK: 1991–2015
Authors: Hunter Nezahat , Hooke Rebecca J. , Higlett Michael P. , O'Hagan John B. , Haylock Richard G. E.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The long-term trend over 25 years of solar ultraviolet radiation measurements at Chilton in the south of England (51.6° N, 1.3° W) has been investigated. Changes in erythema effective UV radiant exposure (Her) were studied in relation to total ozone and cloud cover by examining variation in the corrected monthly mean data. The statistical analyses showed that the long-term variability of Her can be best characterised in two sub-periods. In the first period between 1991 and 2004 Her showed a small significant increasing linear trend of 1.01 % per year (95 % CI: 0.75 %; 1.27 %) while during the second period, between 2004 and 2015, Her showed a small significant decreasing trend of 1.35 % per year (95 % CI: −1.98 %; −0.77 %). Changes in Her in relation to the combined effect of total ozone and cloud cover in southern England were investigated for each sub-period. Both cloud cover and total ozone were found to have a highly statistically significant influence on Her. Over the period 1991–2004, cloud cover explained the largest variation in Her (47 %), whilst total ozone explained only 8 % of the changes in Her. For the second period 2004–2015, this pattern is reversed with total ozone having a greater effect on Her variation (33 %) than cloud cover (16 %). When the data were examined separately for each season, the largest correlation between Her and total ozone and cloud cover was found during spring for both sub-periods. This study provides robust evidence that the increasing trend in Her over the period 1991–2004 was most strongly associated with the observed reduction in cloud cover and to a lesser degree with the upward trend in total ozone. The decreasing trend in Her for the period 2004–2015 may be explained by a combination of the marginal evidence of observed upward trend in total ozone and the absence of a statistically significant decreasing trend in cloud cover.
NDACC harmonized formaldehyde time series from 21 FTIR stations covering a wide range of column abundances
Authors: Vigouroux Corinne , Bauer Aquino Carlos Augusto , Bauwens Maite , Becker Cornelis , Blumenstock Thomas , De Mazière Martine , García Omaira , Grutter Michel , Guarin César , Hannigan James , Hase Frank , Jones Nicholas , Kivi Rigel , Koshelev Dmitry , Langerock Bavo , Lutsch Erik , Makarova Maria , Metzger Jean-Marc , Müller Jean-François , Notholt Justus , Ortega Ivan , Palm Mathias , Paton-Walsh Clare , Poberovskii Anatoly , Rettinger Markus , Robinson John , Smale Dan , Stavrakou Trissevgeni , Stremme Wolfgang , Strong Kim , Sussmann Ralf , Té Yao , Toon Geoffrey
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Among the more than 20 ground-based FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) stations currently operating around the globe, only a few have provided formaldehyde (HCHO) total column time series until now. Although several independent studies have shown that the FTIR measurements can provide formaldehyde total columns with good precision, the spatial coverage has not been optimal for providing good diagnostics for satellite or model validation. Furthermore, these past studies used different retrieval settings, and biases as large as 50 % can be observed in the HCHO total columns depending on these retrieval choices, which is also a weakness for validation studies combining data from different ground-based stations.For the present work, the HCHO retrieval settings have been optimized based on experience gained from past studies and have been applied consistently at the 21 participating stations. Most of them are either part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) or under consideration for membership. We provide the harmonized settings and a characterization of the HCHO FTIR products. Depending on the station, the total systematic and random uncertainties of an individual HCHO total column measurement lie between 12 % and 27 % and between 1 and 11×1014 molec cm−2, respectively. The median values among all stations are 13 % and 2.9×1014 molec cm−2 for the total systematic and random uncertainties.This unprecedented harmonized formaldehyde data set from 21 ground-based FTIR stations is presented and its comparison with a global chemistry transport model shows consistency in absolute values as well as in seasonal cycles. The network covers very different concentration levels of formaldehyde, from very clean levels at the limit of detection (few 1013 molec cm−2) to highly polluted levels (7×1016 molec cm−2). Because the measurements can be made at any time during daylight, the diurnal cycle can be observed and is found to be significant at many stations. These HCHO time series, some of them starting in the 1990s, are crucial for past and present satellite validation and will be extended in the coming years for the next generation of satellite missions.
libcloudph++ 2.0: aqueous-phase chemistry extension of the particle-based cloud microphysics scheme
Authors: Jaruga Anna , Pawlowska Hanna
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper introduces a new scheme available in the
library of algorithms for representing cloud microphysics in numerical models
named libcloudph++.
The scheme extends the particle-based microphysics scheme with a Monte Carlo coalescence
available in libcloudph++ to the aqueous-phase chemical processes occurring within cloud droplets.
The representation of chemical processes focuses on the aqueous-phase oxidation
of the dissolved SO2 by O3 and H2O2.
The particle-based microphysics and chemistry scheme
allows for tracking of the changes in the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) distribution
caused by both collisions between cloud droplets and aqueous-phase oxidation. The scheme is implemented in C++ and equipped with
bindings to Python.
The scheme can be used on either a CPU or a GPU, and is distributed under the GPLv3 license.
Here, the particle-based microphysics and chemistry scheme is tested in a simple
0-dimensional adiabatic parcel model and then
used in a 2-dimensional prescribed flow framework.
The results are discussed with a focus on changes to the CCN sizes
and comparison with other model simulations discussed in the literature.
A geostatistical data-assimilation technique for enhancing macro-scale rainfall–runoff simulations
Authors: Pugliese Alessio , Persiano Simone , Bagli Stefano , Mazzoli Paolo , Parajka Juraj , Arheimer Berit , Capell René , Montanari Alberto , Blöschl Günter , Castellarin Attilio
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Our study develops and tests a geostatistical technique for
locally enhancing macro-scale rainfall–runoff simulations on the basis of
observed streamflow data that were not used in calibration. We consider Tyrol
(Austria and Italy) and two different types of daily streamflow data:
macro-scale rainfall–runoff simulations at 11 prediction nodes and
observations at 46 gauged catchments. The technique consists of three main
steps: (1) period-of-record flow–duration curves (FDCs) are geostatistically
predicted at target ungauged basins, for which macro-scale model runs are
available; (2) residuals between geostatistically predicted FDCs and FDCs
constructed from simulated streamflow series are computed; (3) the
relationship between duration and residuals is used for enhancing simulated
time series at target basins. We apply the technique in cross-validation to
11 gauged catchments, for which simulated and observed streamflow series are
available over the period 1980–2010. Our results show that (1) the procedure
can significantly enhance macro-scale simulations (regional LNSE increases
from nearly zero to ≈0.7) and (2) improvements are significant for
low gauging network densities (i.e. 1 gauge per 2000 km2).
The land-sea coastal border: A quantitative definition
Authors: Sánchez-Arcilla Agustín , Lin-Ye Jue , García-León Manuel , Gràcia Vicente , Pallarès Elena
Published: September 2018

Abstract. A quantitative definition for the land-sea (coastal) transitional area is here proposed, based on variability and isotropy of met-ocean processes.Wind velocity and significant wave height fields are examined for anisotropy along four perpendicular transects on the Catalan coast (northwestern Mediterranean) illustrating a case of significant changes along shelf. The variation of anisotropy as a function of distance from the coast and water depth has been analyzed through heatmaps and scatter plots. The results show how the anisotropy of wind velocity and significant wave height decrease towards the offshore, suggesting an objective definition for the coastal fringe width. The more robust estimator turns out to be the distance at which the significant wave height anisotropy is equal to the 90th quantile of variance within a 100 km distance from the coast. Such a definition, when applied to the Spanish Mediterranean coast, determines a fringe of width of 2–4 km. Regarding the probabilistic characterization, the inverse of wind velocity anisotropy can be fitted to a lognormal distribution function, while the significant wave height anisotropy can be fitted to a log-logistic distribution function. The joint probability structure of the two anisotropies can be best described by a Gaussian copula, where the dependence parameter denotes mild to moderate dependence between both anisotropies, reflecting a certain decoupling between wind velocity and significant wave height near the coast. This wind-wave dependence remains stronger in the central, bay-like part of the study area, where the wave field is being more actively generated by the overlaying wind. Such a pattern controls the spatial variation of the coastal fringe width.
Devolution of Early Childhood Development and Education in Kenya: Improvement in the Status of Infrastructural Facilities and Its Influence on Enrolment in Siaya County
Authors: Paul Odundo Amollo
Published: September 2018

The Kenyan Constitution devolves to County governments the responsibility to deliver quality Early Childhood Development and Education (ECDE) services. This study focused on determining infrastructural facilities that influenced ECDE enrolment during the first three years of devolution, viz. 2013/14, 2014/15 and 2015/16. Its purpose was influence County Government’s investment decisions in ECDE infrastructural facilities, as well as contribute to relevant policy discourses and stimulate research in developing countries. Quantitative data were sourced from 145 participants, including education officers, administrators and teachers; while qualitative data were obtained from 12 participants including senior education officers, non-governmental agencies and head teachers of primary schools hosting ECDE centres. Results show that the extent of increase in ECDE enrolment significantly associated with improvement in the status of classrooms (x2 = 30.453, df = 8 and ρ-value = 0.000); and furniture (x2 = 25.938, df = 8 & ρ-value = 0.001). However, no significant association existed between the extent of increase in ECDE enrolment and improvement in the status of: sanitation facilities (x2 = 3.057, df = 8 & ρ-value = 0.931); outdoor play equipment (x2 = 1.609, df = 6 & ρ-value = 0.925); as well as assistive facilities (x2 = 2.840, df = 6 & ρ-value = 0.829). Of the five infrastructural facilities, only classrooms and furniture improved to the extent of causing a significant influence on enrolment. The results amplify the need for the County Government to broaden the scope of infrastructural facilities considered in the investment plan for public ECDE centres to provide holistic development to children; thereby, build a strong foundation for lifelong educational attainment and socio-economic development.
Policy Implementation: Conceptual Foundations, Accumulated Wisdom and New Directions
Authors: Mugambwa Joshua , Nabeta Nkote , Ngoma Muhammed , Rudaheranwa Nichodemus , Kaberuka Will , Munene John C.
Published: September 2018

Progressive development is an interest of every country. Advancement in development is an indicator of successful policy implementation. However, some authors claim it’s a concept of “yesterday”. Policy implementation until now lacks an integrated theoretical foundation and guidance for success which partly contributes to misguided, uncertain, ineffective and retrogressive policy implementation practice especially in the developing world. Little attention has been put on policy implementation effectiveness. This article traces the policy implementation concept and project new directions for its more rewarding furtherance. Contributions towards policy implementation research and practice should be relevant to its contemporary generation. Using reviewed literature, this article traces the historical, methodological and practical development of policy implementation. It suggests that the third generation paradigm may exploit advances in implementation science. Networks, governance, and internationalization are sectors and resources that can progress policy implementation towards focused relevance and enhanced contribution towards sustainable development.
Cost Comparison of Surgically Treated Ankle Fractures Managed in an Inpatient Versus Outpatient Setting
Authors: Bettin Clayton , Nelson Richard , Rothberg David , Barg Alexej , Lyman Mikayla , Saltzman Charles
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Although choices physicians make profoundly affect the cost of health care, few surgeons know relative costs associated with the setting in which care is provided. Without valid cost information, surgeons cannot understand how their choices affect the total cost of care.

Methods:

Actual costs for all isolated, surgically treated ankle fractures at a level I trauma hospital and affiliated outpatient surgery center were determined using a validated episode of care costing system and analyzed using multivariate regression analysis in this retrospective cohort study.

Results:

One hundred forty-eight patients (ie, 61 inpatients and 87 outpatients) with isolated, surgically treated ankle fractures were included. After controlling for confounding variables, outpatient care was associated with 31.6% lower costs compared with inpatient care. Obese patients had 21.6% higher costs compared with patients who were not obese. No difference was noted in revision surgery, readmission, or return visits to the emergency department for patients treated on an inpatient or outpatient basis.

Conclusion:

Where medically/socially appropriate, this analysis suggests that ankle fracture surgery should be provided in an outpatient surgical facility to provide the greatest value to the patient and society.

Level of evidence:

Level III
Contemporary challenges in military logistics support
Authors: Pawelczyk Marta
Published: September 2018

Nowadays, the most important factors that cause global market activity and have a big
influence on logistics processes are: globalisation and rapid development of new technologies.
In that environment, military logistics are operating incessantly alongside the supply of
goods in times of war, peace and crisis. These logistics are focused on finding solutions for
being more effective and economically profi table. Because of this, logisticians try to reduce
costs and supply good faster, as well as trying to provide the right quality and service..
The current challenges in military logistics support have changed. The biggest challenge
for all logistics processes is to provide services according to the 7R formula (right time,
right product, right quantity, right condition, right place, right customer, and right price).
A logistics leader is important for every operational mission. Thanks to the leader making
quick and smart decisions, successful termination of a mission is possible.

The article is based on the example of logistics support for the Polish contingent in Kosovo.
In the light of the above, the aim of the article is to identify and estimate the situation of
military logistics. The research problem is as follow: What are the biggest determinants
of logistics processes in military area?
MATRIC ASPECTS OF PREDICTIONS OF BUSINESS EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES AS PRECONDITION OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS // MATRIČNI ASPEKTI PREDIKCIJE POSLOVNE EFIKASNOSTI MALIH I SREDNJIH PREDUZEĆA KAO PREDUSLOV MEĐUNARODNE KONKURENTNOSTI
Authors: Landika Mirjana , Sredojević Vanja , Jakupović Sanel
Published: September 2018

Entrepreneurial activity of transition countries, such as the RS and BiH, is filled with many threats from the environment, particularly concerning the lack of adequate entrepreneurial education, institutional support as well as the communication infrastructure between them and their significant financial impotence.The potential of SME entrepreneurship represents a significant precondition in the development of the national economy as well as the prerequisite of prevention and / or exit from the economic crisis, provided that their potential is exploited by a planned, not uncontrolled approach. Maximizing of market potential and resource capabilities requires the establishment of an adequate decision-making system where problems are solved through planning, selection, application and measuring of the systemic environment from the aspect of significance, while at the same time, taking into account the internal potentialities.Adequate communication between decision-makers with theoretical models and their effective implementation in business planning enables business systems and SME to achieve maximum business efficiency and effectiveness through the optimal combination of their own potential and business environment. The theoretical model is a virtual tool which is used for symbolic - quantitative description of the real system, where the degree of conformity of the model and the reality which we described in it, is the determining factor in the success of real application of the modeled information.The control problem is solved only by an adequate theoretical model that covers, selects, quantifies and functionally linked internal and external factors of “treated” reality. Functional linking of factors in the applied model must be adapted to decision-making conditions, which concerns the conditions of certainty, uncertainty or risk. The classification of decision makers should go into the direction of recognizing input, random and output variables as well as detecting the conditions and forms of their interdependence, adapted to decision-making conditions.The business system is a goal-oriented system that requires optimization at several different levels to achieve system optimal as an adequate synergic suboptimal resultant.The proposed approach is related to the stochastic optimization of the product portfolio harmonized with market potential, and after that the deterministic optimization of production processes in the function of achieving the optimal production portfolio.The payment matrix as a virtual aid, or a brief summary of possible business results, allows the choice of optimal business strategy with maximum approval of model-based prediction and real business results.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE CITY TRAFFIC NOISE: CASE STUDY // EKONOMSKI ASPEKTI BUKE OD GRADSKOG SAOBRAĆAJA: STUDIJA SLUČAJA
Authors: Božić Jelena , Ilić Predrag , Stojanović Bjelić Ljiljana
Published: September 2018

Noise pollution is one of the main environmental problems today.The main source of environmental noise is traffic noise, especially the noise of road vehicles. The continuing expansion of motorized transport in Europe and Republic of Srpska today, and especially the sharp increase in the use of private cars raises concerns about the health risks.The aim of the case study was to determine the noise level at the location „Borik“ in Banja Luka. The measured values indicate that the noise level in this street is alarming. This paper discusses health and well-being related impacts of traffic noise pollution as well as the economic and social benefits associated with its reduction. It summarizes the latest scientific evidence on the impact of road traffic-induced noise on physical and mental health as a reaction to the high level of traffic noise risks. According to the scientific evidence, road traffic is the main source of noise pollution in Europe that cause harmful health such as impaired communication and disturbed sleep, as well as adverse after effects such as fatigue and decreased performance, annoyance, hearing impairment, ischemic heart disease and hypertension. The effects of unhealthy noise level are reflected on living and working conditions, consequently affecting the economy.This paper highlights economic implications and health benefits linked to cross-functionalities in the process of noise reduction in urbanism, architecture and vehicle design and methods for its evaluation. Cost-benefit analysis would be a pivotal decision-making tool for the city road traffic and land-use decisions. Economic valuation is about identifying all preferences and translating them into a money measure, to create a common denominator for comparing the pros and cons. Any decision implicitly include a money value into health effects. A holistic approach is crucial, considering the various health and economic consequences together.
The Role of Authorized Officials in Criminal Proceedings in Bosnia and Herzegovina // Prava i dužnosti ovlašćenih službenih lica u krivičnom postupku u Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Simović Marina M. , Simović Vladimir M.
Published: September 2018

The role of authorized officials in the investigative procedure has certain specificities that result from the fact that authorized officials in the investigative procedure act not only on the grounds of existence of reasonable doubt that a criminal offense has been committed, but their regular work is mainly determined by other regulations too i.e. their activities are not merely investigative but also operational. Activities of authorized officials of operational character represent the regular activities of authorized officials within their regular official duties, prevention, control, notification, information gathering, etc. Within this operational work, authorized officials can collect information from citizens, institutions, etc. and make official records, operational reports, and intelligence reports, file misdemeanour reports, and conduct certain administrative procedures.
Basic Characteristics of Practical Application the Simplified Forms of Procedures in Criminal Cases of the Republic of Srpska // Osnovne karakteristike praktične primjene pojednostavljenih formi postupanja u krivičnim stvarima Republike Srpske
Authors: Kosić Dragana
Published: September 2018

In the context of numerous measures taken to increase the efficiency of criminal proceedings, a special place belongs to the simplified forms of criminal cases proceedings. Inspired by the desire for saving time, costs and labour and avoiding formalities which seem unnecessary in routine cases, the simplified procedural forms are proposed to traditional criminal proceedings. In this context, the systematic reform of criminal procedural legislation has been executed, both at the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina and in its entities and the Brcko District BiH which has opened a completely new approach to criminal proceedings, in which the emphasis is not only on enhancing the protection of basic human rights and freedom but also the efficiency of the proceedings. The range of simplified and shortened procedures, the new criminal proceedings legislation in the Republic of Srpska is known through the following forms: witness immunity (Article 149 of the Law on the Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Srpska), plea of guilty (Article 244 of the Law on the Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Srpska), plea bargaining (Article 246 of the Law on the Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Srpska), procedure for issuing penal order (Article 358 of the Law on the Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Srpska). In this paper it will be discussed about practical application of the institutes from the aspect of the efficiency of criminal proceedings of the Republic of Srpska. The basic method that will be used in the theoretical part of the paper is a dogmatic and normative method, while in the second part of the paper the statistical method will be used.
Praksa Ustavnog suda Bosne i Hercegovine
Authors: Simović Marina
Published: September 2018

Nema
The Effect of Countdown Pedestrian Signals on Pedestrian Behavior in Various Weather Conditions - Case Study in Banja Luka
Authors: Kulović Mirsad , Davidović Slavko
Published: September 2018

Pedestrians represent the most vulnerable category of participants in traffic. More and more complex traffic conditions in cities across Europe, and therefore BiH, threaten traffic to become a challenge for pedestrians, and pedestrians often experience traffic as a challenge. Studies of behavior of pedestrians at signalized pedestrian crossings conclude that there is a high level of insecurity and a high percentage of unsafe crossings by pedestrians. Timers that add pedestrian signals indicate the length of the red light, the remaining time to the beginning of the green light for the safe crossing of pedestrians across the street. This paper analyzes the effect of the countdown pedestrian signals - CPSs in different weather conditions, ie the comparison of pedestrian behavior (switching to red light) without CPSs and with CPSs in different weather conditions (sun, snow, rain, no precipitation with a temperature of 0 degrees) was performed. The paper analyzes a traffic light pedestrian crossing over the road that consists of four traffic lanes in Banja Luka, BiH.
The Impact of the Efficiency of the System for Vibrations Damping on the Efficiency of Vehicle Braking
Authors: Manojlović N , Talijan Drago , Bajić B
Published: September 2018

This paper presents the plan and results of the research of the efficiency of the braking system depending on the condition of the shock absorbers and the velocity of the vehicle movement at the moment of braking. As expected, it has been proven that the braking efficiency decreases with decreasing efficiency of the system for damping vibrations. The interdependence of these two systems is also represented by a mathematical model that can serve for practical purposes in the analysis of traffic accidents.
Road Traffic Accident Mortality and Economic Development: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kulović Mirsad , Dogdibegović-Kovač Belma
Published: September 2018

This paper examines the relationship between the relevant parameters of traffic safety and the most important parameter of economic development, gross domestic product. In particular, the paper estimates the effects of the model of the rate of motorization and road traffic mortality in relation to the number of inhabitants and the number of motor vehicles, which are further used for the projection of mortality and the number of motor vehicles by 2030.
Differential advantages of Serbia – internal and external perspective
Authors: Novcic Korac Branka , Miletic Branislav
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the paper is to discuss concept of place and nation brand, and to analyse attributes which make place unique and differentiate it from rivals. This article presents insights into hidden perception of differential advantages of Serbia, seen through the eyes of internal (Serbian nationals) and the most important external stakeholders – business class in Italy, Austria and Slovenia. The aim is thus to gain from internal and external perception the list of unique attributes that distinguish Serbia from other countries in the region. Qualitative research combined with semantic and sentiment analysis revealed existence of certain similarities and differences in both perceptions. People and unique Serbian mentality were recognized as the greatest differential advantage of Serbia, but also some negative attributes appeared like war legacy in external perception and internal problems in internal perception. Empirical evidence proved the presence of matching differential advantages in both perceptions and pointed to necessity of applying strategic approach in managing perception of Serbia.
Genetic variability of Akhal-Teke horses bred in Italy
Authors: Cozzi Maria C. , Strillacci Maria G. , Valiati Paolo , Rogliano Elisa , Bagnato Alessandro , Longeri Maria
Published: September 2018

Background

The Akhal-Teke horse (AKH) is native of the modern Turkmenistan area. It was introduced in Italy from 1991 to 2000 mainly as an endurance horse. This paper characterizes the genetic variability of the whole Italian AKH horse population and evaluates their inbreeding level by analyzing microsatellite markers and mitochondrial D-Loop sequences.

Methods

Seventeen microsatellite marker loci were genotyped on 95 DNA samples from almost all the AKH horses bred in Italy in the last 20 years. Standard genetic variability measures (Ho, He, FIS) were compared against the same variables published on other eight AKH populations. In addition, 397 bp of mtDNA D-loop region were sequenced on a sub-group of 22 unrelated AKH out of the 95 sampled ones, and on 11 unrelated Arab horses. The haplotypes identified in the Italian population were aligned to sequences of AKH (56), Arab (five), Caspian Pony (13), Przewalskii (two) and Barb (15) horses available in GenBank. The Median Joining Network (MJN), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree were calculated on the total 126 sequences.

Results

Nucleic markers showed a high degree of polymorphism (Ho= 0.642; He= 0.649) and a low inbreeding level (FIS= 0.016) in Italian horses, compared to other AKH populations (ranged from −0.103 AKH from Estonia to 0.114 AKH from Czech Republic). High variability was also recorded in the D-Loop region. 11 haplotypes were identified with haplotype diversity (hd), nucleotide diversity (π) and average number of nucleotide differences (k) of 0.938, 0.021 and 6.448, respectively. When all the 126 D-Loop sequences were compared, 51 haplotypes were found, and four were here found only in the Italian AKH horses. The 51 haplotypes were conformed to eight recognized mtDNA haplogroups (A, C, F, G, L, M, P and Q) and confirmed by MJN analysis, Italian horses being assigned to five haplogroups (A, C, G, L and M). Using a PCA approach to the same data, the total haplotypes were grouped into two clusters including A+C+M+P and G+F haplogroups, while L and Q haplogroups remained ungrouped. Finally, the NJ algorithm effectively discretizes only the L haplogroup. All the above data univocally indicate good genetic variability and accurate management of the Akhal-Teke population in Italy.
Labeled gangliosides: their synthesis and use in biological studies
Authors: Schwarzmann Günter
Published: September 2018

The unveiling of ganglioside metabolism and biological function in the last decades depended on the extensive study of inherited human disease, studies with cultured cells, and specifically designed mouse models. Nonetheless, only few of the accomplishments made so far would have been possible without the use of labeled gangliosides, such as their radiolabeled and/or fluorescent analogs, as well as other modified gangliosides bearing cross‐linking, affinity, or paramagnetic groups. Over the years, chemists and biochemists have made tremendous progress toward developing labeled gangliosides for their application in biological systems. These labeled ganglioside probes of the ganglio series have been successfully incorporated in cultured vertebrate cells and in artificial model membranes. In this Review, I provide an overview over the different methods, mostly semisynthetic procedures, to obtain these labeled ganglioside probes that have been used to elucidate the molecular basis of ganglioside‐related biology as well as the physicochemical properties of gangliosides.
Effect of smoking cessation on the risk of dementia: a longitudinal study
Authors: Choi Daein , Choi Seulggie , Park Sang Min
Published: September 2018

Objective

To determine the risk of developing dementia in relation to duration of smoking cessation by using a nationwide health claims database.

Methods

This cohort study included 46,140 men aged 60 years or older from Korean National Health Insurance System – National Health Screening Cohort, a population‐based national health screening program from 2002 to 2013. The changes in smoking habit from a questionnaire during the first (2002 and 2003) and second (2004 and 2005) health examination periods, participants were divided into continual smokers, short‐term (less than 4 years) quitters, long‐term (4 years or more) quitters, and never smokers. Participants were followed‐up for 8 years from January 1, 2006 for the development of overall dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia.

Results

Compared to continual smokers, long‐term quitters and never smokers had decreased risk of overall dementia (hazard ratio, HR 0.86 95% CI, confidence interval 0.75–0.99 and HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71–0.91, respectively). Never smokers had decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70–0.96) compared to continual smokers. Finally, both long‐term quitters (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48–0.96) and never smokers (HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.95) had decreased risk of vascular dementia compared to continual smokers.

Interpretation

Smoking was associated with increased risk of dementia. Smokers who quit for a prolonged period of time may benefit from reduced risk of dementia. Therefore, smokers should be encouraged to quit in order to reduce the risk of developing dementia, especially in the elderly population who are already at risk.
Gilding with Graphene: Rapid Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Graphene on Thin Metal Leaves
Authors: Zhang Kaihao , Androulidakis Charalampos , Chen Mingze , Tawfick Sameh
Published: September 2018

Gilding is the ancient process of coating intricate artifacts with precious metals. Fascinating Egyptian and Chinese sculptures, coated with <200 nm thin metal films by this process, have resisted corrosion, wear, and other environmental degradations for thousands of years. Here, 150 nm thin palladium leaves are enriched by doped with a single layer of graphene. Commercially available Pd leaves are uniquely suited for graphene synthesis by a highly dynamic chemical vapor deposition process. The Pd leaves made by high strain rate beating are stable at high synthesis temperature, resisting solid‐state dewetting owing to their extremely low grain triple junctions density (0.017 µm−1). Mathematical models of growth kinetics guide the development of extremely rapid synthesis conditions, resulting in the formation of high‐quality graphene on Pd in less than a minute, owing to the graphene grains growing twice as fast as copper‐catalyzed growth. The graphene monolayer on the leaf increases the effective surface modulus by 59% to 236 GPa. Uniaxial strain testing with Raman spectroscopy reveals the excellent crystallinity of graphene by probing the stress‐induced phonon shifts. This new material could open exciting opportunities in utilizing high‐quality 2D materials to coat large structures.
Multiple Optical Frequency Conversions in Few‐Layer GaSe Assisted by a Photonic Crystal Cavity
Authors: Fang Liang , Yuan Qingchen , Fang Hanlin , Gan Xuetao , Li Juntao , Wang Tao , Zhao Qinghua , Jie Wanqi , Zhao Jianlin
Published: September 2018

While 2D materials have intriguing second‐order nonlinearities with ultrahigh coefficient and electrical tunability, their atomic layer thicknesses hinder explorations of other optical frequency conversions (OFCs) than second harmonic generation (SHG) due to inefficient light‐coupling and unachievable phase‐matching. By resonantly pumping a photonic crystal cavity integrated with a few‐layer GaSe, it is reported that it is possible to realize multiple second‐order nonlinear processes in GaSe even with microwatts continuous wave pumps, including SHGs, sum‐frequency generations (SFGs), cascaded SFGs, and their induced third harmonic generations. These OFCs arise from the significant cavity‐enhancements. The enhancement factor of an SHG process is estimated exceeding 1300. The cascaded SFGs have comparably strong intensities with those of SHGs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of cascaded second‐order nonlinear processes in 2D materials. The cavity‐assisted OFCs can provide a view to study deterministic OFCs in 2D materials with low pump power and expand their optoelectronic applications to nonlinear regime.
Zn(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Alkynylazetidines and their Ring Expansion to Functionalized 1,4,5,6‐Tetrahydropyridines
Authors: Shehzadi Syeda Aaliya , Kushwaha Khushbu , Sterckx Hans , Abbaspour Tehrani Kourosch
Published: September 2018

A zinc(II) triflate catalyzed reaction of β‐chloro aldimines with terminal alkynes leading to a rapid and efficient formation of 2‐alkynylazetidines in good to excellent yield has been described. The catalytic hydrogenation of the 2‐alkynylazetidines resulted in acyclic secondary amines by reductive cleavage of the 2‐alkynylazetidine. Further, these non‐activated 2‐alkynylazetidines were ring expanded in a reaction with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of zinc(II) triflate to give 4‐alkynyltetrahydropyridines. Catalytic reduction of these 4‐alkynyltetrahydropyridines led to an efficient conversion to 4‐alkyltetrahydropyridine carboxylates.

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Sentinel node navigation surgery in esophageal cancer
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroya , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: September 2018

Over the last 20 years, the sentinel node (SN) concept has been widely applied to the surgical staging of both breast cancer and melanoma. However, the validity of this concept has been controversial for esophageal cancer, because SN mapping for esophageal cancer is not considered to be technically easy because of the complicated multidirectional lymphatic networks of the esophagus and mediastinum. Nevertheless, studies including meta‐analyses indicated that SN mapping may be feasible in early esophageal cancer. Transthoracic esophagectomy with three‐field lymphadenectomy was developed as a potential curative procedure for thoracic esophageal cancer. However, this highly invasive procedure might increase morbidity and reduce patients’ quality of life (QOL) after esophagectomy. Although further validation based on multicenter trials using the standard protocol of SN mapping for esophageal cancer is required, SN navigation surgery would enable us to carry out personalized and limited lymph node dissection which might reduce morbidity and maintain patients’ QOL.
Calcium(II)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroarylation of Deactivated Styrenes in Hexafluoroisopropanol
Authors: Qi Chenxiao , Gandon Vincent , Lebœuf David
Published: September 2018

A challenging catalytic hydroarylation of highly electron deficient styrenes has been developed on the basis of efficient cooperation between a calcium(II) triflimide salt and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). This method affords a large variety of diaryl alkanes, notably diaryl ethanes, in good to excellent yields, and is simple to implement and compatible with various functional groups. Furthermore, DFT calculations and deuterium labeling experiments were conducted to elucidate the function of this promoter system.