bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Matrix Abnormalities in the Hippocampus of Subjects with Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Valeri Jake , Stiplosek Charlotte , O’Donovan Sinead M. , Sinclair David , Grant Kathleen , Bollavarapu Ratna , Platt Donna M. , Stockmeier Craig A. , Gisabella Barbara , Pantazopoulos Harry
Published: September 2023

Contextual triggers are significant factors contributing to relapse in substance use disorders (SUD). Emerging evidence points to a critical role of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules as mediators of reward memories. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are a subset of ECM molecules that form perineuronal nets (PNN) around inhibitory neurons. PNNs restrict synaptic connections and help maintain synapses. Rodent models suggest that modulation of PNNs may strengthen contextual reward memories in SUD. However, there is currently a lack of information regarding PNNs in the hippocampus of people with SUD as well as how comorbidity with major depressive disorder (MDD) may affect PNNs. We used postmortem hippocampal tissues from cohorts of human and nonhuman primates with or without chronic alcohol use to test the hypothesis that PNNs are increased in subjects with SUD. We used histochemical labeling and quantitative microscopy to examine PNNs, and qRT-PCR to examine gene expression for ECM molecules, synaptic markers and related markers. We identified increased densities of PNNs and CSPG-labeled glial cells in SUD, coinciding with decreased expression of the ECM protease matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9), and increased expression for the excitatory synaptic marker vesicle associated membrane protein 2 (Vamp2). Similar increases in PNNs were observed in monkeys with chronic alcohol self-administration. Subjects with MDD displayed changes opposite to SUD, and subjects with SUD and comorbid MDD had minimal changes in any of the outcome measures examined. Our findings demonstrate that PNNs are increased in SUD, possibly contributing to stabilizing contextual reward memories as suggested by preclinical studies. Our results also point to a previously unsuspected role for CSPG expression in glial cells in SUD. Evidence for increased hippocampal PNNs in SUD suggests that targeting PNNs to weaken contextual reward memories is a promising therapeutic approach for SUD, however comorbidity with MDD is a significant consideration.
Flexible adaptation of task-positive brain networks predicts efficiency of evidence accumulation
Authors: Weigard Alexander , Angstadt Mike , Taxali Aman , Heathcote Andrew , Heitzeg Mary M. , Sripada Chandra
Published: September 2023

Efficiency of evidence accumulation (EEA), an individual’s ability to selectively gather goal-relevant information to make adaptive choices, is thought to be a key neurocomputational mechanism associated with cognitive functioning and transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology. However, the neural basis of individual differences in EEA is poorly understood, especially regarding the role of largescale brain network dynamics. We leverage data from over 5,000 participants from the Human Connectome Project and Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study to demonstrate a strong association between EEA and flexible adaptation to cognitive demand in “task-positive” frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks, which explains 36%-39% of the variance across individuals in EEA. Notably, individuals with higher EEA displayed divergent task-positive network activation across n-back task conditions: higher activation under high cognitive demand (2-back) and lower activation under low demand (0-back). These findings suggest that brain networks’ flexible adaptation to cognitive demands is a key neural underpinning of EEA.
Development of Sensorimotor-Visual Connectome Gradient at Birth Predicts Cognitive Outcomes at 2 Years of Age
Authors: Xia Yunman , Xu Yuehua , Duan Dingna , Xia Mingrui , Jeon Tina , Ouyang Minhui , Chalak Lina , Rollins Nancy , Huang Hao , He Yong
Published: September 2023

Functional connectome gradients represent fundamental brain organizing principles. Here, we investigate the maturation of the macroscopic connectome gradients in a task-free functional MRI dataset consisting of 39 preterm and term babies aged 31-42 postmenstrual weeks and its connection with postnatal cognitive growth. We show that the principal sensorimotor-to-visual gradient is present in baby connectomes around 35.6 postmenstrual weeks and continuously develops towards a more term-like pattern. The gradient’s global topographical structure undergoes progressive maturation with age, characterized by increases in explanation ratio, gradient range and gradient variation. The development of focal gradients is mostly localized in primary regions serving sensory, motor and visual functions. Machine learning approaches revealed that the connectome gradient at birth significantly predicts individual cognitive outcomes at 2-y follow-up. These findings highlight the early emerging rules of functional connectome gradients and have implications for understanding how the connectome gradients at birth underlies cognitive growth in later life.

Highlights

Sensorimotor-to-visual gradient is present around 35.6 postmenstrual weeks

Global gradient structure undergoes substantial changes during the third trimester

Regional gradient develops mostly in primary sensory, motor, and visual regions

Sensorimotor-to-visual gradient at birth predicts cognitive outcomes at age 2
Risk and Protective Factors for Self-Harm and Suicide Behaviours among Serving and Ex-Serving Personnel of the UK Armed Forces, Canadian Armed Forces, Australian Defence Force and New Zealand Defence Force: A Systematic Review
Authors: Williamson Charlotte , Croak Bethany , Simms Amos , Fear Nicola T. , Sharp Marie-Louise , Stevelink Sharon A.M.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Self-harm and suicide behaviours are a major public health concern. Several factors are associated with these behaviours among military communities. Identifying these factors may have important implications for policy and clinical services. The aim of this review was to identify the risk and protective factors associated with self-harm and suicide behaviours among serving and ex-serving personnel of the United Kingdom Armed Forces, Canadian Armed Forces, Australian Defence Force and New Zealand Defence Force.

Methods

A systematic search of seven online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Global Health, PsycINFO, PTSDpubs and CINAHL) was conducted alongside cross-referencing, in October 2022. Following ana prioriPROSPERO approved protocol (CRD42022348867), papers were independently screened and assessed for quality. Data were synthesised using a narrative approach.

Results

Overall, 28 papers were included: 13 from Canada, 10 from the United Kingdom, five from Australia and none from New Zealand. Identified risk factors included being single/ex-relationship, early service leavers, shorter length of service, junior ranks, exposure to deployment-related traumatic events, physical and mental health diagnoses, and experience of childhood adversity. Protective included being married/in a relationship, higher educational attainment, employment, senior ranks, and higher levels of perceived social support.

Conclusion

Adequate care and support are a necessity for the military community. Prevention and intervention strategies for self-harm and suicide behaviours should be introduced early and should promote social networks as a key source of support. This review found a paucity of peer-reviewed research within some populations. More peer-reviewed research is needed, particularly among these populations where current work is limited, and regarding modifiable risk and protective factors.
Fair value estimates of investment property, corporate governance and audit pricing: evidence from the Hong Kong real estate industry
Authors: Tang Feng
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Following the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), firms are required to recognize gains or losses from investment property revaluation in the income statement, instead of equity in the balance sheet. This results in both a “materiality effect” (as auditors set a higher materiality level and require lower audit efforts) and a “cushion effect” (as revaluation gains serve as a cushion and reduce earnings manipulation incentives). Utilizing this unique setting, this study investigates whether the use of fair value measurement for investment property affects audit pricing before and after IFRS convergence in the Hong Kong real estate industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 78 real estate companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in the pre-IFRS period (2001–2004) and the post-IFRS period (2005–2008), this study employs multivariate regression analyses to test the research hypotheses with respect to the association between investment property revaluation and audit fees and the role of corporate governance structures in the context of family control.

Findings

The empirical results suggest that audit fees decrease with revaluation gains or losses from investment property revaluation after IFRS convergence, but not before. Furthermore, the negative association is stronger in companies controlled by founders, with proportionally more independent directors on the board and with a smaller board size. This is consistent with the moderating effect of corporate governance.

Originality/value

The findings shed more light on the consequences of fair value accounting for non-financial assets and are of interest to regulators for assessing the benefits of the wide use of fair value measurement under IFRS in emerging markets, especially where the corporate ownership structure is typically controlled by founding families. This study also provides recommendations for the audit community to fully consider the impact of asset revaluation on audit procedures and audit pricing.
Constraints and stimuli in the implementation of public accounting reform: systematic literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Liberato Margarida Isabel , Choban de Sousa Paiva Inna , Serrasqueiro Rogério
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to discuss the most relevant literature related to the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) in the public sector in developed and developing countries, identifying the constraints and stimuli they represent in the implementation of the public accounting reform. It also presents future research proposals on the factors identified.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is based on a systematic review of the literature described by Moher et al. (2009). The final sample includes 90 academic papers published from 2000 to 2022.

Findings

The main findings indicate that there are differences between constraints and stimuli in the implementation of accounting standards between developed and developing countries. In terms of constraints, the main factor in developed countries is the lack of training, whereas in developing countries it is the limitation on financial resources. In addition, the results demonstrate that in developed countries the factors that most encourage the implementation of accounting standards are modernization and improvement of accounting, while in developing countries, encouragement comes mainly from external and internal pressure.

Practical implications

This study helps countries and institutions to learn from experience and better prepare for the accounting reforms of public administration that they will undertake. Managers of public organizations may be willing to make decisions in the adoption of IPSAS if they take into account the factors established herein.

Social implications

This study helps countries and institutions to learn from the experience, better prepare for the public administration accounting reforms that they will undertake and add greater transparency in the accountability of public accounts to citizens.

Originality/value

In addition to previous studies, this study addresses a number of factors perceived by those involved in the implementation of IPSAS in developed and developing countries and provides a robust research agenda to pursue during the coming years, as there are several important unexplored questions that invite further research.
City brand love: destination attractiveness and memorable tourism city experiences
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Davood
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Drawing on the literature on brand–consumer relations in an attempt to apply the concept of brand love to a city tourism destination, this paper aims to explore the antecedents and consequences of city brand love.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on quantitative research and cluster sampling, study data was collected from 330 international tourists who visited six Iran cities. The research model is tested using partial least square structural equation modeling.

Findings

According to the results, city brand attractiveness, city brand identification and memorable city brand experience are the antecedents of city brand love. Moreover, the city brand attractiveness, both directly and indirectly through memorable experiences and identification with the city brand, is one of the antecedents of city brand love. Finally, the results suggest that word of mouth and revisit intention are major behavioral outcomes of city brand love.

Originality/value

By providing a validated conceptual model that traces the antecedents and consequences of city brand love, this study attempts to answer prior calls for examination from the viewpoint of city tourism scholars.
Taxonomic and phylogenetic perspectives reveal the community assembly of different forest strata along an altitudinal gradient
Authors: Wan Jiamin , Chen Yang , Li Yanpeng , Zhang Caicai , Huang Zhipang , Xiao Wen
Published: September 2023

Disentangling the distribution patterns of biodiversity along altitudinal gradients and their drivers has been a hot topic in ecological research. Different forest strata show multiple distribution patterns influenced by different community assembly mechanisms. Here, we measure the dominant ecological processes affecting three forest strata (tree, shrub, and herb layers) along altitudinal gradients. We sampled plants with different forest strata in 21 plots located from 2500 to 3700 m in Lasha Mountain, northwestern Yunnan. The taxonomic alpha diversity of the herb layer showed a monotonic decreasing trend with increasing altitude, while the shrub layer was characterized by a single peak, and the tree layer showed no significant change with increasing altitude. We observed a decreasing pattern of phylogenetic diversity with increasing altitude in the herb layer, whereas phylogenetic diversity did not change in the tree and shrub layers. The phylogenetic structure of these three layers showed the same pattern: phylogenetic clustering at low altitudes and overdispersion at middle and high altitudes. The diversity and phylogenetic structure of the herb layer were driven by climate (average dry season precipitation) and topographic (slope and aspect) factors, while shrub layer diversity was mainly influenced by tree layer richness. Overall, the phylogenetic structure pattern of the three forest strata changed from clustered to overdispersed with increasing altitude, indicating that environmental filtering was the main driver at low altitudes, while interspecific competition dominated at middle and high altitudes.
A field‐based study demonstrating the need of holistic management system for household biogas plants in rural India
Authors: Sarmah Trinakshee , Baruah Debendra Chandra
Published: September 2023

Indian household biogas system appears promising to contribute substantially to its commitment to increase the share of renewable energy. There has been a consistent effort to promote the household biogas system by the Government of India. Despite such need and effort, the growth of household biogas system in India is not encouraging. Further, the need for appropriate management services for hassle‐free operation and maintenance of household biogas system is also analyzed based on field survey conducted in three villages. Cow dung is the primary feedstock and its abundant availability results in a higher level of adoption of household biogas plants in one of the villages. Alternative feedstocks can adequately supplement cow dung to support the household biogas system in the remaining two villages. Though the higher capital cost of the biogas system is a distracting factor, biogas as a cooking fuel is cheaper than both LPG and fuelwood while considering long‐term analysis. Thus, the continuation of subsidy on household biogas plant is justified considering the issue of affordability to bear capital cost even though for long‐term use non‐subsidized option is also profitable. The non‐availability of own feedstock is a critical issue which influences the economy of biogas users and hence the motivation. Analysis also revealed that the undesirable performance of household biogas system is mostly linked with the absence of proper diagnosis. Chronical poor performance is attributed to one or more factors related to feedstock, microbial activities, and climatic parameters which remain unknown to the users and lead to their diminishing interest. Technology‐integrated management support is expected to revive the interest in household biogas system in rural India.
Pollen analysis reveals the effects of uncovered interactions, pollen‐carrying structures, and pollinator sex on the structure of wild bee–plant networks
Authors: Tourbez Clément , Gómez‐Martínez Carmelo , González‐Estévez Miguel Ángel , Lázaro Amparo
Published: September 2023

Pollination networks are increasingly used to model the complexity of interactions between pollinators and flowering plants in communities. Different methods exist to sample these interactions, with direct observations of plant–pollinator contacts in the field being by far the most common. Although the identification of pollen carried by pollinators allows uncovering interactions and increasing sample sizes, the methods used to build pollen‐transport networks are variable and their effect on network structure remains unclear. To understand how interaction sampling influences the structure of networks, we analyzed the pollen found on wild bees from eight communities across Mallorca Island and investigated the differences in pollen loads between bee body parts (scopa vs. body) and sexes. We then assessed how these differences, as well as the uncovered interactions not detected in the field, influenced the structure of wild bee–plant networks. We identified a higher quantity and diversity of pollen in the scopa than in the rest of the female body, but these differences did not lead to differences in structure between plant‐pollination (excluding scopa pollen) and bee‐feeding interaction (including scopa pollen) networks. However, networks built with pollen data were richer in plant species and interactions and showed lower modularity and specialization (H2'), and higher nestedness than visitation networks based on field observations. Female interactions with plants were stronger compared to those of males, although not richer. Accordingly, females were more generalist (low d’) and tended to be more central in interaction networks, indicating their more key role structuring pollination networks in comparison to males. Our study highlights the importance of palynological data to increase the resolution of networks, as well as to understand important ecological questions such as the differences between plant‐pollination and bee‐feeding interaction networks, and the role of sexes in pollination.
miR‐1301‐3p promotes invasion and migration and EMT progression in esophageal cancer by downregulating NBL1 expression
Authors: Du Jianting , Zhang Shuliang , Zhang Xiaodan , Yang Zhang , Xue Songtao , Xu Guobing , Zheng Bin , Chen Chun
Published: September 2023

Background

Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is one of the most aggressive and lethal human malignant cancers. MicroRNA‐1301‐3p (miR‐1301‐3p) plays vital roles in a majority of malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR‐1301‐3p/NBL1 axis on ESCA cell invasion, migration, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, as well as its association with prognosis of ESCA patients.

Methods

The expression levels of miR‐1301‐3p and NBL1 were predicted by bioinformatics and further verified by RT‐qPCR assays. Kaplan–Meier (K–M) plotter analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between miR‐1301‐3p and clinicopathological variables and prognosis. The role of miR‐1301‐3p on cell invasion, migration was detected by transwell invasion, and wound healing assays, respectively. The EMT‐related proteins were detected by western blot. The target genes and the target binding sites were predicted by bioinformatics and further determined by RT‐qPCR assay.

Results

MiR‐1301‐3p was remarkably upregulated in ESCA tissues and cells, and its high expression was associated with poor prognosis of ESCA. Overexpression of miR‐1301‐3p promoted ESCA cell invasion, migration and mediated EMT process in vitro, whereas knockdown of miR‐1301‐3p showed the opposite effects. Moreover, NBL1 was predicted as a target gene of miR‐1301‐3p. NBL1 was lowly expressed in ESCA cells and significantly decreased after upregulation of miR‐1301‐3p. Meanwhile, we found that low expression of NBL1 was significantly associated with poor prognosis of ESCA patients.

Conclusion

MiR‐1301‐3p is a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of ESCA patients. It may promote ESCA invasion, migration and EMT progression by regulating NBL1 expression.
A single‐cell transcriptomic atlas characterizes age‐related changes of murine cranial stem cell niches
Authors: Li Bo , Li Jingya , Li Bingzhi , Ouchi Takehito , Li Longjiang , Li Yu , Zhao Zhihe
Published: September 2023

The craniofacial bones provide structural support for the skull and accommodate the vulnerable brain tissue with a protective cavity. The bone tissue undergoes constant turnover, which relies on skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and/or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their niches. SSCs/MSCs and their perivascular niche within the bone marrow are well characterized in long bones. As for cranial bones, besides bone marrow, the suture mesenchyme has been identified as a unique niche for SSCs/MSCs of craniofacial bones. However, a comprehensive study of the two different cranial stem cell niches at single‐cell resolution is still lacking. In addition, during the progression of aging, age‐associated changes in cranial stem cell niches and resident cells remain uncovered. In this study, we investigated age‐related changes in cranial stem cell niches via single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq). The transcriptomic profiles and cellular compositions have been delineated, indicating alterations of the cranial bone marrow microenvironment influenced by inflammaging. Moreover, we identified a senescent mesenchymal cell subcluster and several age‐related immune cell subclusters by reclustering and pseudotime trajectory analysis, which might be closely linked to inflammaging. Finally, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and cell–cell communications were analyzed during aging, revealing potential regulatory factors. Overall, this work highlights the age‐related changes in cranial stem cell niches, which deepens the current understanding of cranial bone and suture biology and may provide therapeutic targets for antiaging and regenerative medicine.
Executives' horizon and trade credit
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Hossain Md. Safayat , Tree David R.
Published: September 2023

Using executives' decision horizon as a measure of internal governance, this study examines the association between customer's internal governance and supplier's extension of trade credit. Suppliers may extend more trade credit to customers with strong internal governance because of their lower operational risk, higher firm performance, and better information environment. However, firms with better internal governance may have easier access to other sources of financing, and thus may need less trade credit. Using a sample of US listed firms between 1992 and 2021, we find that suppliers extend more trade credit to customers with strong internal governance. We also find that the association between internal governance and trade credit is more pronounced for financially, and informationally constrained firms. Our results are robust to alternative measures and specifications. Incremental to prior studies, we show that effectiveness of customers' internal governance affects suppliers' lending decisions.
Credit cards and commercial insurance participation: Evidence from urban households in China
Authors: Xu Nana , Rong Zhao , Yu Li
Published: September 2023

The diffusion of credit cards may have relaxed households' liquidity constraints, thereby stimulating the diffusion of commercial insurance. By investigating Chinese urban households who had no commercial insurance in 2013, we find that their initial access to credit cards significantly increased the likelihood of their holding commercial insurance in 2015. Our instrumental variable (IV) estimations confirm the causality. This positive effect is more pronounced among more liquidity‐constrained households and among households with more financial knowledge. Last, the initial access to credit cards also significantly enhanced commercial insurance renewal in 2015 among those households who had commercial insurance in 2013.
Application of CAD/CAM technologies and materials for prosthetic restoration of severely damaged teeth—clinical cases
Authors: Tomova Z , Zhekov Y , Alexandrov G , Vlahova A , Vasileva E
Published: September 2023

In cases of severely damaged teeth with limited coronal tooth structure and remaining hard dental tissues subgingivally, a custom‐made post‐and‐core restoration is required. Teeth with non‐circular canal space also require this type of restoration because the build‐up with pre‐fabricated posts could lead to thick cement layer. The development of CAD/CAM technologies widens the range of the materials that can be used for prosthetic restorations. Along with base dental alloys, newly developed materials may be applied. The aim of the article is to present four clinical cases of severely damaged teeth which utilize different materials and different production techniques for custom post‐and‐core fabrication. In the first clinical case, a metal post‐and‐core restoration was fabricated by direct metal laser sintering. In the second clinical case, digital technologies were used to produce a 3D‐printed resin prototype for further investing and casting from base metal dental alloy. In the third clinical case, fibre‐reinforced composite was used for fabrication of the custom post‐and‐core by milling. In the fourth clinical case, the restoration is produced by milling of lithium disilicate ceramics IPS emax CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Lichtenstein). The bond between the fibre‐reinforced composite post‐and‐core and the hard dental tissues offered possibility to compensate—to some extent—the shape of the preparation which was not optimal. CAD/CAM technologies applied in these clinical cases provided combination of high accuracy of fitting with good stability and individual shape of the restorations. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
When microbes meet: Decay and microbial spirituality in the post‐human art market
Authors: Lyn Amanda
Published: September 2023

The future of art is dirt and decomposing shit. A deconstructed intestinal sea of microorganisms, spread out into the soil they were released back into following the extinction of their complex vessel. The genetic information they exchanged with each other as well as with their container, now existing in a vague memory, perhaps a feeling of sadness and longing, as they digest the once cherished artifacts of their human predecessors.
Environment differentially affects the functional and phylogenetic structures of plant communities in a dry evergreen Afromontane tropical forest
Authors: Kassaw Eshete , Masresha Getinet , Asefa Mengesha
Published: September 2023

Testing how local environmental conditions influence plant community assembly is important to understand the underlying mechanisms that promote and/or maintain biodiversity. Functional traits are used to find the broad spectrum of resource use strategies that plants use to respond to environmental variation. The patterns and drivers of plant community assembly through the lens of traits and phylogeny; however, remain to be studied in a uniquely biodiversity rich but poorly known fragmented dry Afromontane forest of Ethiopia. Here, we combined trait and community phylogenetic data from thirty sampling plots of 20 × 20 m size to determine the functional and phylogenetic structures and their drivers in a fragmented, human‐dominated dry evergreen Afromontane forest. We found phylogenetic and functional clustering of plants in which the effect of environment was found to be trait specific. A weak phylogenetic signal for traits was detected suggesting that species resource use strategies may not be inferred using species phylogenetic distance. Additionally, we found functional traits to be weak in predicting species abundance distribution. Overall, while this study shows a non‐random community assembly pattern, it also highlights the importance of deterministic processes being trait specific.

Abstract in Amharic is available with online material.
Evaluation of glymphatic system activity by diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space in presbycusis
Authors: Xu Kaixi , Zhang Juan , Xing Chunhua , Xu Xiaomin , Yin Xindao , Wu Yuanqing , Chen Xinjian , Chen Yu‐Chen
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Previous studies have suggested that presbycusis (age‐related hearing loss) is accompanied with cognitive decline and dementia. However, the neural mechanism underlying the cognitive decline in presbycusis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the glymphatic system function in presbycusis patients compared to healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) method.

Methods

DTI scans were obtained from 30 presbycusis patients with cognitive decline (PCD), 30 presbycusis patients with no cognitive decline (PNCD) and 40 age‐, gender‐, and education‐matched healthy controls (HCs). The DTI‐ALPS index was calculated for each group. We evaluated the differences in the DTI‐ALPS index among PCD, PNCD and HCs. In addition, we conducted a correlation analysis between the DTI‐ALPS index and cognitive performance.

Results

There were significant differences of the DTI‐ALPS index among three groups. Post‐hoc analysis suggested that the DTI‐ALPS index in PCD was significantly lower patients in relative to PNCD and HCs (1.49147 vs. 1.57441 vs. 1.62020, p < 0.001). After correcting for age, gender, and education, the DTI‐ALPS index is positively correlated with the MoCA scores (rho = 0.426, p = 0.026).

Conclusion

Presbycusis patients with cognitive impairment exhibited decreased glymphatic activity than those without cognitive impairment and HCs. The DTI‐ALPS index may provide useful disease progression or treatment biomarkers for patients with presbycusis as an indicator of modulation of glymphatic activity.
Iron(III) complexes promote hydrogen peroxide activation for efficient degradation of dyeing wastewater
Authors: Wu Shouying , Zhang Linping , Fan Jianing , Wu Wei , Ji Bolin , Feng Xueling , Wang Bijia , Ma Yimeng , Zhong Yi , Xu Hong , Mao Zhiping
Published: September 2023

Coordination complexes were widely used in advanced oxidation processes. The ligands with various substituents could lead to differences in the catalytic properties and mechanisms. In this work, the iron(III)–N,N′‐dipicolinamide (FeL) complexes (the iron(III) complexes with substituents –CH3, –H, –Cl and –NO2 named as FeL1, FeL2, FeL3 and FeL4, respectively) were used to activate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for degrading dyes wastewater. Mechanism studies indicated that the FeL4/H2O2 system contains the FeV=O in addition to the same •OH and O2•− as the other systems, which made it exhibit more excellent performance than others. The results of the performance tests showed that the FeL4/H2O2 system could remove 97%, 89%, 100%, 83%, 100%, and 99% of RR195, RY145, RB194, RB19, MB, and RhB, respectively, which proved the good application performance of the FeL4/H2O2 system. In addition, the performance of the FeL4/H2O2 system was not influenced by anions and natural organics. This study verified the feasibility of modulating the catalytic performance of the complexes by changing the substituents and provided an efficient catalytic system for dyeing wastewater treatment.
Linking corticospinal tract activation and upper‐limb motor control in adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Dukkipati Saihari S. , Walker Sarah J. , Trevarrow Michael P. , Busboom Morgan T. , Schlieker Katie L. , Kurz Max J.
Published: September 2023

Aim

To quantify the cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEPs) at the cervical spinal level in adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and determine if altered CMEPs are linked with upper‐extremity motor function in this population.

Method

This cross‐sectional study consisted of a cohort of adults with CP (n = 15; mean age = 33 years 5 months [SD = 11 years 8 months]); Manual Ability Classification System levels I–IV) and neurotypical controls (n = 18; mean age = 30 years 10 months [SD = 10 years 4 months]), who were recruited to participate at an academic medical center. Adults with CP and typical adults (controls) were stimulated at the cervicomedullary junction to assess CMEPs at the cervical spinal cord level. Upper‐extremity motor function was quantified using the Box and Blocks and Purdue Pegboard tests, self‐reported upper‐extremity function (UEF), and assessments of selective motor control.

Results

At higher stimulation levels, the contralateral CMEP responses of adults with CP were different from typical adults (p = 0.032). Reduced CMEP was correlated with reduced upper‐limb function, including worse performance on the Box and Blocks (rho = 0.625, p = 0.025) and Purdue Pegboard tests (rho = 0.701, p = 0.010), lower self‐reported UEF (rho = 0.761, p = 0.009), and overall selective motor control (rho = 0.731, p = 0.007).

Interpretation

Changes in the activation of spinal motoneurons through corticospinal pathways may have an important role in the altered upper‐extremity motor function of individuals with CP.
An updated systematic review on toothbrush contamination: An overlooked oral health concern among general population
Authors: Khan Shahrukh Ali , Syed Fakeha Azhar , Khalid Taimur , Farheen Nudrat , Javed Faizan , Kazmi Syed Murtaza Raza
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The present systematic review was conducted to give an overview of toothbrush contamination among the general population and the factors affecting toothbrush contamination with an evidence‐based approach.

Data/Sources

Medline (Pub Med), CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library and Dentistry and Oral Health Sciences Source were searched for the results after applying the search strategy from January 2012 to May 2022, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were collected using a self‐made data collection form on study characteristics, population attributes and the main features, including the study's outcomes.

The methodological quality of the included studies was independently evaluated based on the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for cross‐sectional studies and the Risk of Biasness Tool‐1 (Rob‐1) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A descriptive analysis of the included studies was done using SWiM guidelines. The impact of charcoal and non‐charcoal brushes on toothbrush disinfection was quantitatively analysed using a forest plot.

Study Selection

Of the 687 studies screened by title and abstract, 27 articles were selected for full‐text evaluation using the EndNote reference program (Ver. X9.2). From these, 15 qualified and were included in the systematic review. Among the selected studies, eight were RCTs, six were cross‐sectional studies, and the remaining one was an in vitro experimental study.

Conclusions

The toothbrush becomes contaminated even after its first usage, and the contamination level rises with continued use. There are a number of factors that lead to the contamination of brushes, such as increased humidity brought on by a plastic cover or a toilet setting. Charcoal brushes show significant efficacy as compared to regular bristles in reducing toothbrush contamination; however, more RCTs are needed to further assess its efficacy. Nevertheless, rinsing with chlorhexidine mouthwash after daily brushing shows favourable results.
‘The Bible is not “like any other book”’: Katherine Sonderegger and the Bible as Vestigium Trinitatis
Authors: Wilcoxen Matthew A.
Published: September 2023

The second volume of Katherine Sonderegger's Systematic Theology is a daring attempt to do something new in trinitarian dogma: find a fulsome, technically sophisticated doctrine of the Trinity in key Old Testament texts using an interpretive approach, and employing assumptions, that might be recognizable to certain Jewish theological readings of the same texts. This paper situates this project in Sonderegger's longstanding belief in a need for Christianity to overcome its pervasive anti‐Judaism, and shows how, to achieve this aim, Sonderegger constructs a highly unique and provocative understanding of the Bible as the creaturely site wherein God's immanent, holy life is manifest. The author commends Sonderegger's ontology of scripture as stimulating and compelling, while also raising some questions for further consideration.
An exploration of lattice transformation mechanism of muscovite single crystal under EB irradiation at 0–1000 kGy
Authors: Wang Honglong , Sun Zhiguo , Xia Faming , Yang Chenguang , Wang Xiaoguang , Li Jintang , Jiang Linxu
Published: September 2023

Electronic components made by inorganics (e.g., mica) play key roles in the function exertion of instruments working in outer‐layer space, enduring long‐term β‐ray irradiation. Its damage is vital while explored rarely. Herein, pure muscovite crystals were chosen and irradiated by an electron beam (EB) in air with a dose up to 1000 kGy. Then, micro‐geometry morphology variation in Z‐axis and microstructural transformation mechanism were explored by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform attenuated total reflection infrared spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and CA analysis. Main results reveal that muscovite lattice is unstable to EB irradiation. With dose increases to 1000 kGy, interlayer space d of (0 0 2) lattice varied 2% near 0.2 Å. At low‐dose, irradiation lattice expansion readily occurs, whereas at higher dose, it is lattice shrinkage, showing a transformation from expansion to shrinkage. Concurrently, chemical structure varied, H2O amount increased, and metal element valance and surface wettability were reduced, so dehydroxylation occurred exceeding H2O radiolysis and evaporation, and framework cleavage could be severe. Binding energies of metals of 1000 kGy‐irradiated species decreased by 0.2 eV, and CA of 100 kGy‐irradiated species increased by 10°. Intrinsic mechanisms involve framework destruction, H‐atom migration, hydrogen bond formation/destruction, and H2O radiolysis. At low‐dose irradiation, H‐atom migration and hydrogen bond formation/destruction are predominant, inducing lattice expansion; at higher dose, framework cleavage is intensive and crucial, inducing shrinkage. During which, partial H2O occurred radiolysis, reducing valence. Generally, H‐atom migration and interface cleavage played key roles in microgeometry morphology a variation of muscovite crystal under EB irradiation at 0–1000 kGy. To enhance muscovite geometry‐morphology stability under a long‐term β‐ray irradiation condition, OH and hydrogen bond contents should be reduced and interface region should be strengthened (e.g., lessening vacancies or compacting stacking). This conclusion promotes the design of radiation‐resistant silicate material, guiding the manufacturing of electronic component used in aerospace industry significantly.
Virtual implant scan body switch by using computer‐aided design programs avoiding the need of obtaining a new intraoral implant digital scan: A novel protocol
Authors: Alonso Pérez‐Barquero Jorge , García‐Sala Bonmatí Fernando , de Fernández Estevan Lucía , Guinot Barona Clara , Maneiro Lojo Jesús , Revilla‐León Marta
Published: September 2023

Objective

The present manuscript describes a technique to virtually switch an implant scan body eliminating the need of obtaining a new intraoral implant digital scan.

Clinical Considerations

Implant scan bodies assist on transferring the 3‐dimensional position of the implants into the virtual definitive implant cast. However, if a different implant part is desired during the designing procedures of the implant restoration such as selecting a different implant abutment of varying height, angulation, or manufacturer, a new intraoral implant digital scan with the specific implant scan body is required.

Conclusions

This novel protocol aims to reduce possible complications that require capturing a new intraoral implant digital scan, facilitate prostheses design modifications after the obtention of the definitive intraoral implant digital scan, and to ease the manufacturing procedures.

Clinical Significance

The novel technique may provide a solution for virtually switch implant scan bodies for fabricating implant‐supported single crowns or short‐span prostheses. Additional studies are needed before its clinical implementation.
Cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum biomarkers in neurodegenerative proteinopathies: A prospective, open, cross‐correlation study
Authors: Koníčková Dorota , Menšíková Kateřina , Klíčová Kateřina , Chudáčková Monika , Kaiserová Michaela , Přikrylová Hana , Otruba Pavel , Nevrlý Martin , Hluštík Petr , Hényková Eva , Kaleta Michal , Friedecký David , Matěj Radoslav , Strnad Miroslav , Novák Ondřej , Plíhalová Lucie , Rosales Raymond , Colosimo Carlo , Kaňovský Petr
Published: September 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases are a broad heterogeneous group affecting the nervous system. They are characterized, from a pathophysiological perspective, by the selective involvement of a subpopulation of nerve cells with a consequent clinical picture of a disease. Clinical diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases are quite challenging and often not completely accurate because of their marked heterogeneity and frequently overlapping clinical pictures. Efforts are being made to define sufficiently specific and sensitive markers for individual neurodegenerative diseases or groups of diseases in order to increase the accuracy and speed of clinical diagnosis. Thus said, this present research aimed to identify biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum (α‐synuclein [α‐syn], tau protein [t‐tau], phosphorylated tau protein [p‐tau], β‐amyloid [Aβ], clusterin, chromogranin A [chromogrA], cystatin C [cyst C], neurofilament heavy chains [NFH], phosphorylated form of neurofilament heavy chains [pNF‐H], and ratio of tau protein/amyloid beta [Ind tau/Aβ]) that could help in the differential diagnosis and differentiation of the defined groups of α‐synucleinopathies and four‐repeat (4R‐) tauopathies characterized by tau protein isoforms with four microtubule‐binding domains. In this study, we analyzed a cohort of 229 patients divided into four groups: (1) Parkinson's disease (PD) + dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (n = 82), (2) multiple system atrophy (MSA) (n = 25), (3) progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) + corticobasal syndrome (CBS) (n = 30), and (4) healthy controls (HC) (n = 92). We also focused on analyzing the biomarkers in relation to each other with the intention of determining whether they are useful in distinguishing among individual proteinopathies. Our results indicate that the proposed set of biomarkers, when evaluated in CSF, is likely to be useful for the differential diagnosis of MSA versus 4RT. However, these biomarkers do not seem to provide any useful diagnostic information when assessed in blood serum.

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Randomized controlled trial of hydrolyzed fish diets in dogs with chronic enteropathy
Authors: Simpson Kenneth W. , Miller Meredith L. , Loftus John P. , Rishniw Mark , Frederick Carol E. , Wakshlag Joseph J.
Published: September 2023

Background

The role of diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs is unresolved.

Objectives

To compare the ability of diets composed of hydrolyzed fish, rice starch, and fish oil without (HF) or with prebiotics, turmeric, and high cobalamin (HF+) against a limited ingredient diet containing mixed nonhydrolyzed antigens and oils (control) to resolve clinical signs and maintain serum cobalamin and folate concentrations in dogs with nonprotein losing CE (non‐PLE). To determine the ability of hydrolyzed fish diets to support recovery and remission in dogs with PLE.

Animals

Thirty‐one client‐owned dogs with CE: 23 non‐PLE, 8 PLE.

Methods

Randomized, blinded, controlled trial. Diets were fed for 2 weeks; responders continued for 12 weeks. Nonresponders were crossed over to another diet for 12 weeks. Response was determined by standardized clinical evaluation with long‐term follow‐up at 26 weeks. Concurrent medications were allowed in PLE.

Results

Nineteen of 23 (83%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 60%‐94%) non‐PLE CE responded clinically to their initial diet, with no difference between diets (P > .05). Four nonresponders responded to another diet, with sustained remission of 18/18 (100%; 95%CI, 78%‐100%) at 26 weeks. Serum cobalamin concentration was increased (P < .05) and maintained by diet. Serum folate concentration decreased posttreatment (P < .05) but was restored by dietary supplementation. Hydrolyzed fish diets supported weight gain, serum albumin concentration, and recovery (P < .05) in dogs with PLE.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Changing diet, independent of antigen restriction or supplemental ingredients, induced long‐term remission in dogs with non‐PLE CE. Serum cobalamin and folate concentrations were maintained by diet. Hydrolyzed fish diets supported clinical recovery and remission in PLE.
Perinatal dietary patterns and symptomatic depression: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Chan Lin‐Chien , Wang Hsiu‐Hui , Wahlqvist Mark L. , Liu Cheng‐Chieh , Liu Jah‐Yao , Lee Meei‐Shyuan
Published: September 2023

To promote maternal and infant health, there is a need to optimise the dietary pattern of pregnant women to reduce perinatal depression. This prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2020 to February 2022, 300 women from a medical center were interviewed during late pregnancy and at 4–6 weeks postpartum. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Symptomatic depression was defined using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS, ranged 0–30). Their dairy, vegetable and fruit intakes were below the Taiwanese recommendations for pregnant women. Symptomatic depression (EPDS ≥10) affected 31.3% in the third trimester and 35.7% postpartum. Pre‐ and post‐EPDS scores were positively correlated (r = 0.386, p < 0.001). Approximately 55% of those depressed before delivery were also depressed postpartum. For late pregnancy, four dietary patterns were identified (‘Good oil’, ‘Vegetables and fruits’, ‘Omnivorous’ and ‘Refined‐grain and organ meats’). Dietary patterns were classified according to quartiles (Q). Higher omnivorous pattern scores reduced the risk of depression. For prenatal depression, with Q1 as a reference, the risk was reduced by 38% for Q2, 43% for Q3 and 59% for Q4 (p for trend = 0.068). These findings became evident postpartum (reduced risk by 68% for Q2, 69% for Q3 and 70% for Q4 (p = 0.031; p for trend = 0.0032). The association between dietary patterns and depression encourages the routine nutritional management of pregnant women.