bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring influential factors of shape classifier comprehension and production in Mandarin-speaking children
Authors: Hao Ying , Bedore Lisa , Sheng Li , Zhou Peng , Zheng Li
Published: June 2021

Mandarin classifiers are a complex system, but little is known about how Mandarin-speaking children manage to learn the system. Based on the extant literature, we explored potential factors influencing the comprehension and production of Mandarin shape classifiers, including classifier-based semantic categorization and errors pertaining to the semantic strategies, input frequency of classifier-noun combinations, and vocabulary knowledge. In total, 138 typically developing monolingual Mandarin-speaking children between ages 4;1 and 6;5 completed an object categorization task, shape classifier comprehension and production tasks, and a vocabulary test. The results showed that classifier-based categorization did not significantly relate to classifier knowledge, but children’s comprehension errors were mostly selecting an object that is perceptually similar to the target object. Estimated input frequency of classifier-noun combinations was significantly related to classifier comprehension, and there was differential accuracy for different classifier-noun combinations, which may indicate item-by-item learning of individual classifier-noun pairings. Mandarin-speaking children may take a combined approach by sorting semantic features for different classifiers and learning individual classifier-noun combinations. The interplay of the two approaches can be very complex and should be further investigated in future studies. Vocabulary knowledge was significantly related to classifier comprehension and production, indicating common traits between classifier learning and noun learning.
Beyond Aesthetic Judgment: Beauty Increases Moral Standing Through Perceptions of Purity
Authors: Klebl Christoph , Luo Yin , Bastian Brock
Published: June 2021

Researchers have tended to focus on mind perception as integral to judgments of moral standing, yet a smaller body of evidence suggests that beauty may also be an important factor (for some people and animals). Across six studies ( N = 1,662), we investigated whether beauty increases moral standing attributions to a wide range of targets, including non-sentient entities, and explored the psychological mechanism through which beauty assigns moral standing to targets. We found that people attribute greater moral standing to beautiful (vs. ugly) animals (Study 1 and Study 5a, preregistered) and humans (Study 2). This effect also extended to non-sentient targets, that is, people perceive beautiful (vs. ugly) landscapes (Study 3) and buildings (Study 4 and Study 5b, preregistered) as possessing greater moral standing. Across all studies, perceptions of purity mediated the effect of beauty on moral standing, suggesting that beauty increases the moral standing individuals place on targets through evoking moral intuitions of purity.
Out of tune: Perceptions of, engagement with, and responses to mental health interventions by professional popular musicians—A scoping review
Authors: Visser Amy , Lee Megan , Barringham Timothy , Salehi Nasim
Published: June 2021

Professional popular musicians are at increased risk of psychological distress, substance use problems, and suicide, yet little evidence is available on effective psychotherapeutic practices to address these issues. This scoping review aims to understand how professional popular musicians perceive, engage with, and respond to mental health interventions. Four databases were searched, garnering a total of 310 articles. Of these, six met inclusion criteria. Four thematic categories were explored: (1) amenability of professional popular musicians to particular therapeutic approaches; (2) attribution of treatment outcomes to tailored approaches; (3) professional popular musicians’ perceived barriers to treatment; and (4) recommendations for treatment approaches. The scoping review supports the importance of considering the characteristics of professional popular musicians as a distinct group with unique well-being needs, challenges, and strengths. There is a clear preference for tailored, affordable, and accessible approaches that consider the uniquities of musicianship and the need to explore the role of nonclinical support, such as friends, family, and industry peers.
Stories of the role musicking plays in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
Authors: van der Merwe Liesl , Erasmus Ewie , Morelli Janelize , Potgieter Hetta , Modise Julia , Viviers Etienne , Meyer Joy , Engelbrecht Christelle , Jacobs Daniel , Shongwe Sibusiso , Lerumo Kagiso
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this narrative study is to explain the role that musicking plays in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic for 11 South African musicians. The research question is: How do the stories of 11 South African musicians explain the role that musicking plays in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic? There have been studies on how music helps in therapeutic and everyday settings, but there has been limited research on the role musicking plays in coping with pandemics. The 11 author-participants in the study have lived through this pandemic, and their stories served as the data. We used a narrative coding scheme to enable co-coding. Our findings are a collaborative interpretation of our analyses and are represented as a fictionalized dialogue. This dialogue revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a range of psychological effects on the participant researchers. Musicking contributed to proactive and reactive coping strategies, including listening to music actively, making music with others virtually and in their homes, finding solidarity through engaging with musical icons, allowing them to connect with others, escape, focus, relax, and find hedonic well-being and hope. Further research will be needed to understand the roles musicking may play in coping with pandemics.
Allogenic Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for Adhesive Capsulitis: A Bed-to-Bench Study With Propensity Score Matching Using a Corticosteroid Control Group
Authors: Lee Min Ji , Yoon Kang Sup , Oh Sohee , Shin Sue , Jo Chris Hyunchul
Published: June 2021

Background:

While platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely studied for musculoskeletal disorders, few studies to date have reported its use for adhesive capsulitis (AC). Fully characterized and standardized allogenic PRP may provide clues to solve the underlying mechanism of PRP with respect to synovial inflammation and thus may clarify its clinical indications.

Purpose:

To clinically evaluate the safety and efficacy of a fully characterized pure PRP injection in patients with AC and to assess the effects of pure PRP on synoviocytes with or without inflammation in vitro.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study and cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

For the clinical analysis, a total of 15 patients with AC received an ultrasonography-guided intra-articular PRP injection and were observed for 6 months. Pain, range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, shoulder function, and overall satisfaction in the patients were evaluated using questionnaires at 1 week as well as at 1, 3, and 6 months after the PRP injection and results were compared with the results of a propensity score−matched control group that received a corticosteroid injection (40 mg triamcinolone acetonide). For the in vitro analysis, synoviocytes were cultured with or without interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and PRP. The gene expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as matrix enzymes and their inhibitors was evaluated.

Results:

At 6-month follow-up, pure PRP significantly decreased pain and improved ROM, muscle strength, and shoulder function to levels comparable with those after a corticosteroid injection. All pain values, strength measurements, and functional scores significantly improved up to 6 months in the PRP group, but these measures improved up to 3 months and then were decreased at 6 months in the corticosteroid group. ROM was significantly improved in the 2 groups at 6 months compared with baseline. Allogenic PRP did not cause adverse events. For the in vitro findings, PRP induced inflammation but significantly improved the IL 1β−induced synovial inflammatory condition by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor−α, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase−1 and decreased matrix enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase−1, −3, and −13 as well as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs−4 and −5) and further increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as vasoactive intestinal peptide.

Conclusion:

This study showed that PRP decreased pain and improved shoulder ROM and function to an extent comparable with that of a corticosteroid in patients with AC. Allogenic pure PRP acted in a pleiotropic manner and decreased proinflammatory cytokines only in the inflammatory condition.

Clinical Relevance:

Allogenic PRP could be a treatment option for the inflammatory stage of AC.
Training Surgeons to Perform Arthroscopic All-Inside Meniscal Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Novel Cognitive Task Analysis Teaching Tool, Imperial College London/University College London Meniscus Repair Cognitive Task Analysis (IUMeRCTA)
Authors: Karamchandani Urvi , Bhattacharyya Rahul , Patel Rahul , Oussedik Sam , Bhattacharya Rajarshi , Gupte Chinmay
Published: June 2021

Background:

All-inside meniscal repair is an increasingly common technique for the surgical treatment of meniscal tears. There are currently no standardized techniques for training residents in this procedure. Cognitive task analysis (CTA) is a method of analyzing and standardizing key steps in a procedure that allows training to be conducted in a validated and reproducible manner.

Purpose:

(1) To design a digital CTA teaching tool for a standardized all-inside meniscal repair. (2) To evaluate whether CTA-trained residents would perform better in a meniscal repair task compared with a control group who underwent traditional apprenticeship methods of training.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Three expert knee surgeons were interviewed using a modified Delphi method to generate a consensus among the ideal technical steps, cognitive decision points, and common errors and solutions for an all-inside meniscal repair. This written information was then combined with visual and audio components and integrated onto a digital platform to create the Imperial College London/University College London Meniscus Repair Cognitive Task Analysis (IUMeRCTA) tool. Eighteen novice residents were randomized into an intervention group (digital CTA tool) and control group (equipment instruction manual). Both groups performed an all-inside meniscal repair on high-fidelity, phantom knee models and were assessed by expert surgeons, blinded to the interventions, using a validated global rating scale (GRS). After a power calculation, median GRS scores were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test; significance was set at P < .05.

Results:

For the IUMeRCTA tool design, the procedure was divided into 55 steps across 9 phases: (1) preoperative planning, (2) theater and patient setup, (3) portal placement, (4) meniscal examination, (5) tear reduction, (6) suture planning, (7) suture insertion, (8) repair completion, and (9) postoperative care and rehabilitation. For the trial, the intervention group (mean ± SD GRS, 32 ± 2.9) performed significantly better than did the control group (GRS, 24 ± 3.3; P < .001).

Conclusion:

This is the first CTA tool to demonstrate objective benefits in training novices to perform an arthroscopic all-inside meniscal repair.

Clinical Relevance:

The IUMeRCTA tool is an easily accessible and effective adjunct to traditional teaching that enhances learning the all-inside meniscal repair for novice surgeons.
Pre-test anxiety levels and postoperative pain in non-obstructive azoospermic patients: Is klinefelter syndrome a predisposing factor?
Authors: Yığman Metin , Yığman Fatih , Tangal Semih , Haliloğlu Ahmet Hakan , Çağlar Gamze Sinem
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Increased depression and anxiety incidence in infertile individuals treated with assisted reproductive techniques have been shown in studies. Postoperative pain perception after testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is thought to be related to preoperative anxiety in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA).

Materials and methods:

Twenty patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and twenty male patients with normal karyotype NOA planned for TESE under local anaesthesia due to azoospermia were included in the study. Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T and STAI-S) inventory was given to all patients 1 h before surgery. Postoperative pain evaluation was performed at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min with visual analogue scale (VAS). STAI-T inventory was given to the patients again 2 h after the procedure.

Results:

Preoperative STAI-S and STAI-T scores and postoperative STAI-T scores of patients in the KS group were higher than those in the NOA group, and there was a significant difference in the statistical analysis between the two groups ( p < 0.001). In the postoperative VAS scores, there was no statistical difference at the 0 and 120th min ( p = 0.56 and p = 0.87, respectively); at the 30, 60 and 90th min there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups, especially in patients in the KS group ( p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion:

The contribution of anxiety to pain perception should be kept in mind in azoospermic male patients before TESE, and additional measures should be taken considering that this may be experienced at a higher level in KS patients.
Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Devices: Device Performance in an Alaska Native and American Indian Population
Authors: Schaefer Krista R. , Fyfe-Johnson Amber L. , Noonan Carolyn J. , Todd Michael R. , Umans Jason G. , Castille Dorothy M. , Rosenman Robert , Buchwald Dedra S. , Dillard Denise A. , Robinson Renee F. , Muller Clemma J.
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is an important component of blood pressure (BP) management. We assessed performance of two HBPM devices among Alaska Native and American Indian people (ANAIs). Methods: We measured BP using Omron BP786 arm cuff, Omron BP654 wrist cuff, and Baum aneroid sphygmomanometer in 100 ANAIs. Performance was assessed with intraclass correlation, paired t-tests, and calibration models. Results: Compared to sphygmomanometer, average BP was higher for wrist cuff (systolic = 4.8 mmHg and diastolic = 3.6 mmHg) and varied for arm cuff (systolic = −1.5 mmHg and diastolic = 2.5 mmHg). Calibration increased performance from grade B to A for arm cuff and from D to B for wrist cuff. Calibration increased false negatives and decreased false positives. Discussion: The arm HBPM device is more accurate than the wrist cuff among ANAIs with hypertension. Most patients are willing to use the arm cuff when accuracy is discussed.
Aging and Health of American Indians and Alaska Natives: Contributions from the Native Investigator Development Program
Authors: Manson Spero M. , Buchwald Dedra S.
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To describe recent advances in our knowledge regarding the health and illness of older American Indians and Alaska Natives, and factors underlying why this special population lives 5.5 years less than the 78.5 years of U.S. all races. Methods: The articles in this supplemental issue, authored by participants in a National Institutes of Health-sponsored early research career development program, examine high priority health concerns that contribute to the increased risk of Native elders for chronic disease and resulting impairment that compromise their life expectancy. Results: Important insights into the roles that racial discrimination, food security, hypertension, alcohol consumption, memory problems, and military service play in the health and well-being of older American Indians and Alaska Natives. Discussion: Early career faculty development programs focused on increasing the diversity of the scientific workforce not only promote greater racial and ethnic minority representation in the field of aging, but can simultaneously add to the knowledge base regarding the health status and function of often ignored, vulnerable older members of communities that suffer significant health disparities.
An entropy optimization study of non-Darcian magnetohydrodynamic Williamson nanofluid with nonlinear thermal radiation over a stratified sheet
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Ramzan Muhammad , Mehmood Yasir , Kbiri Alaoui Mohammed , Chinram Ronnason
Published: June 2021

The assessment of the Darcy–Forchheimer flow of magnetohydrodynamic Williamson nanofluid with entropy optimization is the main purpose of this article. This study was carried out to analyze the impacts on fluid flow via a stratified plate. The impacts of viscous dissipation, chemical reaction, and Joule heating are examined in the existence of nonlinear thermal radiation. The framework of partial differential expressions is transformed into ordinary differential equations by utilizing a suitable set of similarity transformations. The obtained differential equations are analytically tackled by the homotopy analysis approach. [Formula: see text]-curves, table of convergence, and graphical outcomes are displayed and examined by using MATHEMATICA software. A distinctive parameter chart, against the profiles of temperature, velocity, and concentration with relevant discussion is portrayed for emphasizing their physical importance. Through graphical representations, the Sherwood number, the coefficient of skin friction, local Nussel1t number, and entropy generation impact are examined. This kind of study is useful in many industries like solar engineering, polymer extrusion, electronic supplies, biomedical, etc.
Decolonizing moral injury studies and treatment approaches: An Africentric perspective
Authors: Nwoye Augustine
Published: June 2021

This article draws from an Africentric perspective to engage the ways in which the notion of moral injury is approached within psychology. The paper argues for the need to interrogate dominant Eurocentric approaches to moral injury and calls for more openness towards non-Western belief systems. The paper attempts to show how rituals that are perceived in the African context to be healing and transformative continue to be absent in the mainstream psychology literature and theorization. For this reason, there is a call for the centring of Indigenous healing rituals if the discipline is to make a positive and inclusive contribution in the scholarship of moral injury. The article is significant given its potential to contribute to the body of knowledge on the importance of centering African perspectives when engaging the notion of moral injury.
The Rural Texture of Azghad Village: Historical Context of Collective Housing
Authors: Moradi Marjan , Hosseini Akram
Published: June 2021

The current study aims to contextualise cohousing with a focus on analysing a traditional rural settlement in Iran. Azghad is a historical village located in Iran, which has been developed throughout centuries based on strong social and environmental systems. The research uses field studies in the form of observing the environment of Azghad village, initial and natural explanation of housing pattern and interviews with local people with a qualitative research approach and documentary studies examines the physical characteristics of this rural community. Through investigating the physical pattern of the village in the area under study, the elements of the social–physical system which form the residential type of the village were extracted. The comparison of the social and physical system of the residential fabric of the Azghad and its residential neighbourhoods showed that the residential pattern of Azghad could be introduced as an example of a collective housing model. The rural housing type is an example of a collective housing style that has been formed over time based on the shared values of residents and the activities they wanted to do collectively.
Agricultural Trade and Ultra-Poor in Pakistan: An Application of CGE Model
Authors: Ahmad Saud , Khan Muhammad Aamir , Mustafa Usman
Published: June 2021

In the modern integrated world, the synthesis of countries for trade is often viewed as a crucial source of income and growth disparities across nations. Well-known channels of economic theory can trace the growth effects of trade. However, there is a substantial conflict among empirical studies regarding gains from agricultural trade. Therefore, this study examines the economy-wide impact of agriculture trade liberalization/protection on agriculture production, agriculture trade, income redistribution and public welfare. An extension of the GTAP model known as MyGTAP is employed and the world economy is disaggregated into 20 regions and 11 sectors with Pakistan as a home country. Further, results explore greater gains from an increased level of liberalization towards the agriculture sector in terms of agriculture production, real factors’ wage, terms of trade and household welfare. Rural households enjoy relatively higher real income and income inequality declines in Pakistan in the case of liberalization and protection. However, comparatively protectionism reduces inequality by the lower extent, and said study also points out that neither change in real gross domestic product nor public welfare turns out to be a good indicator of assessing potential impact of trade policies on income inequality.
Study of microstructural growth under cyclic martensite phase transition in shape memory alloys; A molecular dynamics approach
Authors: Moravej Seyed Amin , Taghibakhshi Ali , Nejat Pishkenari Hossein , Arghavani Jamal
Published: June 2021

Shape memory alloys are referred to as a group of alloys that can retrieve the permanent deformation and strain applied to them and eventually return to their original form. So far, various studies have been done to determine the behavior of these alloys under cyclic loading. Most of the studies have mainly been conducted by using the foundations of Continuum Mechanics in order to examine the properties of memory alloys. In this study, instead of using the Continuum Mechanics, a Molecular Dynamics simulation method using Lennard-Jones potential is utilized. The changes in the behavior and properties of memory alloy under cyclic loading are being examined. First, the functional form parameters for the Lennard-Jones potential are solved. Subsequently, these parameters are implemented to evaluate the response to thermal cyclic loading. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the behavior of memory alloys under cyclic loading.
Dynamic and creep and recovery performance of Fe3O4 nanoparticle and carbonyl iron microparticle water-based magnetorheological fluid
Authors: Maurya Chandra Shekhar , Sarkar Chiranjit
Published: June 2021

This study investigates dynamic mechanical properties and creep and recovery behaviors of disc-shaped magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with carbonyl iron (CI) flake-shaped microparticles in water-based MR fluid. The experimental study is performed using a parallel plate rheometer. Dynamic performance and creep and recovery behaviors help understand deformation mechanism for its practical applications in MR devices like seismic vibration control, active dampers, earthquake dampers, etc., under applied strain, and stress levels. The oscillatory experiment reveals a transition from viscoelastic-to-viscous behavior at the critical strain of 0.1%. The storage modulus [Formula: see text] of CI/Fe3O4 MR fluid showed a stable plateau region over the small strain area and storage modulus [Formula: see text] independent of strain amplitude. The frequency experiment demonstrated that storage moduli [Formula: see text] exhibit elastic response and stable plateau region over the complete external frequency range, suggesting the distinguished solid-like behavior of the MR fluid. Creep and recovery experiments showed that fluid acts as a linear viscoelastic material at lower stress levels. As the stress levels increase, the contribution of retardation strain and viscous strain decreases, and it acts like nonlinear viscoelastic material. In summary, this work is expected to obtain MR fluid results for application in MR devices under applied strain, frequencies, and constant stress levels.
Evaluation of Antibiotic Initiation Tools in End-of-Life Care
Authors: Clark Matthew D. , Halford Zachery , Herndon Chris , Middendorf Ellen
Published: June 2021

Background:

Hospice patients are frequently confronted with potentially infectious complications necessitating antibiotic consideration. Information regarding the appropriate use of antibiotics and their impact on symptom management in hospice patients are unknown.

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate and describe the use of an antibiotic initiation tool in patients admitted to outpatient hospice services. The primary outcome assessed the percentage of antibiotics that were appropriately initiated based on Loeb’s Minimum Criteria (LMC) for Antibiotic Initiation Tool. Secondary outcomes included the number of patients with documented symptom resolution following antibiotic completion, the number of antibiotic courses that were successfully completed, and treatment-related adverse events.

Methods:

This was a retrospective, multisite, descriptive analysis of hospice patients treated with antibiotics between April 2019 and September 2020.

Results:

Two hundred and thirty patients were assessed for inclusion, with 172 meeting eligibility criteria and receiving a total of 201 antibiotic courses. Based on LMC, 84 of the 201 (42%) antibiotics ordered were appropriate, with 60% of these LMC-approved courses resulting in symptom resolution. Out of 201 total courses, 99 (49%) resulted in symptom resolution. Overall, 160 (80%) antibiotic courses were successfully completed.

Conclusion:

In this study, antibiotic initiation in hospice patients frequently did not meet LMC. Less than half of the antibiotics prescribed led to symptom resolution despite antibiotic course completion in most patients. There is no consensus or guidelines directing appropriate antibiotic decision-making in hospice patients. The appropriate use of antibiotics in terminally ill patients warrants additional research.
Relationship Between Perceived Supervisor Support and Workplace Bullying in School Nurses in Virginia
Authors: Sharma Shashi , Scafide Katherine , Maughan Erin D. , Dalal Reeshad S.
Published: June 2021

Workplace bullying among school nurses is a significant problem with supervisors either contributing to or preventing such behavior. This study aimed to determine if support from nursing and school supervisors is associated with workplace bullying among Virginia school nurses. In this analysis of a cross-sectional survey, responses from 159 school nurses with two supervisors to the Survey of Perceived Supervisor Support and Short-Negative Acts Questionnaire were examined. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Findings demonstrated a significant, inverse relationship between perceived support from both supervisors and workplace bullying, accounting for 27.7% of the variance. No relationship was found between bullying and frequency of supervisor contact. The research suggests quality and not quantity of supervisor support may protect school nurses against workplace bullying.
Role of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Huang Fang-Liang , Yu Sheng-Jie , Li Chia-Ling
Published: June 2021

Background:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by an excessive number of immature lymphocytes, including immature precursors of both B- and T cells. ALL affects children more often than adults. Immature lymphocytes lead to arrested differentiation and proliferation of cells. Its conventional treatments involve medication with dexamethasone, vincristine, and other anticancer drugs. Although the current first-line drugs can achieve effective treatment, they still cannot prevent the recurrence of some patients with ALL. Treatments have high risk of recurrence especially after the first remission. Currently, novel therapies to treat ALL are in need. Autophagy and apoptosis play important roles in regulating cancer development. Autophagy involves degradation of proteins and organelles, and apoptosis leads to cell death. These phenomena are crucial in cancer progression. Past studies reported that many potential anticancer agents regulate intracellular signaling pathways.

Methods:

The authors discuss the recent research findings on the role of autophagy and apoptosis in ALL.

Results:

The autophagy and apoptosis are widely used in the treatment of ALL. Most studies showed that many agents regulate autophagy and apoptosis in ALL cell models, clinical trials, and ALL animal models.

Conclusions:

In summary, activating autophagy and apoptosis pathways are the main strategies for ALL treatments. For ALL, combining new drugs with traditional chemotherapy and glucocorticoids treatments can achieve the greatest therapeutic effect by activating autophagy and apoptosis.
Differences in Nonresponse Bias and Victimization Reports Across Self-Administered Web-Based and Paper-and-Pencil Versions of a Campus Climate Survey
Authors: Hayes Brittany E. , O’Neal Eryn Nicole
Published: June 2021

Using a standardized campus climate survey that was disseminated across three modes of administration ( N = 5,137), this study assesses the nonresponse bias of two web-based versions to a self-administered paper-and-pencil version conducted at a Southeastern 4-year university. Significant differences emerged across all three modes of administration and victimization measures (bullying, sexual assault, rape, emotional abuse, and intimate partner violence [IPV]). Respondents were more likely to report victimization in the web-based surveys administered to online-only classes and via mass email compared to the paper survey. Policy implications, especially as it relates to survey administration, are discussed.
Dispelling a Myth: Reevaluating the Predictive Validity of Rape Myth Acceptance for Likelihood of Engaging in Sexual Violence
Authors: Frazier Annabelle , Gonzales Joseph E.
Published: June 2021

Sexual violence prevention on college campuses has received significant recent attention. A prevalent intervention paradigm has centered around re-educating young people around consent and reduce endorsement of “rape myths,” based on the correlation between rape myths and sexual violence incidents. Yet many of these programs have not measurably reduced sexual assaults. We evaluated the predictive value of a rape myth measure, as compared with other predictors (criminal history, childhood victimization, aggressive tendencies, substance use, and empathy), in predicting self-reported acts of forcible and incapacitated sexual assault in college-age men ( N = 304) from 45 U.S. states. Across three logistic regression model pairs, rape myths were weakly associated with violence when considered as sole predictors. However, this predictive power dissipated when other predictors were included. Comprehensive models accounted significantly better for variability in outcomes; with criminal history demonstrating consistent predictive effects. Based on these findings, we recommend further research into prevention programming based on other predictors of violence.
Patellar fractures in cats: Repair techniques and treatment decision-making
Authors: Langley-Hobbs Sorrel J
Published: June 2021

Practical relevance:

While feline patellar fractures are not commonly encountered in practice, they tend to be found more often in younger cats; no breed or sex predispositions are recognised. If there is no evidence of a traumatic aetiology, the cat may be suspected of having patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome (PADS). Patellar fractures are easy to diagnose on lateral radiographs and there are several different fracture types. The type of fracture, the age of the cat at fracture occurrence and whether there is suspicion of a pathological aetiology are all relevant when considering treatment technique.

Clinical challenges:

While some cats with patellar fractures will do well with conservative management, surgical treatment is often indicated and decision-making can be challenging.

Evidence base:

Information and recommendations provided in this review are based on the literature and the author’s own clinical experience. There are several publications on PADS, but there is limited evidence as to what the underlying cause of this condition is, and the best method for managing patellar fractures is still an area where more research is needed.

Aim:

This review aims to gather the papers, case series and case reports published over the past few decades in order to discuss how best to manage different types of patellar fractures.
Prognostic Value of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Açıksarı Gönül , Koçak Mehmet , Çağ Yasemin , Altunal Lütfiye Nilsun , Atıcı Adem , Çelik Fatma Betül , Bölen Furkan , Açıksarı Kurtuluş , Çalışkan Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Background:

The current knowledge about novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) indicates that the immune system and inflammatory response play a crucial role in the severity and prognosis of the disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate prognostic value of systemic inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with severe COVID-19.

Methods:

This single-center, retrospective study included a total of 223 patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19. Primary outcome measure was mortality during hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors associated with mortality in patients with severe COVID-19. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine cut-offs, and area under the curve (AUC) values were used to demonstrate discriminative ability of biomarkers.

Results:

Compared to survivors of severe COVID-19, non-survivors had higher CAR, NLR, and PLR, and lower LMR and lower PNI ( P < .05 for all). The optimal CAR, PNI, NLR, PLR, and LMR cut-off values for detecting prognosis were 3.4, 40.2, 6. 27, 312, and 1.54 respectively. The AUC values of CAR, PNI, NLR, PLR, and LMR for predicting hospital mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 were 0.81, 0.91, 0.85, 0.63, and 0.65, respectively. In ROC analysis, comparative discriminative ability of CAR, PNI, and NLR for hospital mortality were superior to PLR and LMR. Multivariate analysis revealed that CAR (⩾0.34, P = .004), NLR (⩾6.27, P = .012), and PNI (⩽40.2, P = .009) were independent predictors associated with mortality in severe COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:

The CAR, PNI, and NLR are independent predictors of mortality in hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients and are more closely associated with prognosis than PLR or LMR.
Strategy use in collaborative academic reading: Understanding how undergraduate students co-construct comprehension of academic texts
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Gu Michelle Mingyue , Jin Tan
Published: June 2021

While research has indicated that college students may benefit from collaboratively reading academic texts, little is known about how they co-construct comprehension through text-based discussions. This case study focused on two groups of undergraduate students with different degrees of participation in discussions – one active group and one silent group – in a course on English for academic purposes (EAP) at a Chinese university. Drawing upon classroom observation and semi-structured interviews, the study investigated the spontaneous use of reading strategies in 10 post-reading group discussions and probed into the key processes for comprehension building shared by the two groups. The findings suggest that the students utilized a series of reading strategies and drew on the ideational and linguistic resources shared within the group to build comprehension. Three key processes for comprehension co-construction were found: (1) paraphrasing to contribute personal understanding, (2) elaborating to clarify meanings, and (3) summarizing to build consensus. Pedagogical implications concerning the instruction and task design for collaborative academic reading are discussed.
Hybrid rayleigh–van der pol–duffing oscillator: Stability analysis and controller
Authors: He Chun-Hui , Tian Dan , Moatimid Galal M , Salman Hala F , Zekry Marwa H
Published: June 2021

The current study examines the hybrid Rayleigh–Van der Pol–Duffing oscillator (HRVD) with a cubic–quintic nonlinear term and an external excited force. The Poincaré–Lindstedt technique is adapted to attain an approximate bounded solution. A comparison between the approximate solution with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method (RK4) shows a good matching. In case of the autonomous system, the linearized stability approach is employed to realize the stability performance near fixed points. The phase portraits are plotted to visualize the behavior of HRVD around their fixed points. The multiple scales method, along with a nonlinear integrated positive position feedback (NIPPF) controller, is employed to minimize the vibrations of the excited force. Optimal conditions of the operation system and frequency response curves (FRCs) are discussed at different values of the controller and the system parameters. The system is scrutinized numerically and graphically before and after providing the controller at the primary resonance case. The MATLAB program is employed to simulate the effectiveness of different parameters and the controller on the system. The calculations showed that NIPPF is the best controller. The validations of time history and FRC of the analysis as well as the numerical results are satisfied by making a comparison among them.
Lateral flexural vibration reduction in a periodic piping system enhanced with two-degrees-of-freedom resonators
Authors: Iqbal Mohd , Kumar Anil , Bursi Oreste Salvatore
Published: June 2021

Pipe systems are commonly used in the process and power industries to transport fluid from one terminal to others. Propagation behaviour of lateral flexural waves in a pipe coupled with periodic rack structure is investigated. The pipe-rack system considered in this study is a practical case and is realized as a pipe on periodic elastic supports, while a pipe on simple and without supports represents special cases when the rack stiffness leads to extreme values. The propagation constant relations in terms of frequency are derived using Bloch–Floquet theorem which are successively verified with finite element models. The results show that a pipe with rack creates a narrow locally resonant band gap in low-frequency range which is caused by the first natural mode of the rack. Conversely, a pipe on simple supports entails only Bragg-type band gaps, while a pipe without supports carries no band gap. For tuning the band gap properties, a two-degrees-of-freedom lateral localized resonator is attached to the centre of each unit cell of the pipe. It is found that certain frequency ranges in the targeted pass bands are effectively controlled by the resonator. Furthermore, the effect of various resonator parameters, i.e. mass ratio, stiffness and damping, on band gaps is examined. It is observed that the band gaps are vanished when damping is introduced in the system. The results show a promising way to flexural vibration control of a periodic piping system with various boundary conditions.
Mechanism of thermal efficiency improvement in twin shaped semi-premixed diesel combustion
Authors: Inaba Kazuki , Zhang Yanhe , Kobashi Yoshimitsu , Shibata Gen , Ogawa Hideyuki
Published: June 2021

Improvements of the thermal efficiency in twin shaped semi-premixed diesel combustion mode with premixed combustion in the primary stage and spray diffusive combustion in the secondary stage with multi-stage fuel injection were investigated with experiments and 3D-CFD analysis. For a better understanding of the advantages of this combustion mode, the results were compared with conventional diesel combustion modes, mainly consisting of diffusive combustion. The semi-premixed mode has a higher thermal efficiency than the conventional mode at both the low and medium load conditions examined here. The heat release in the semi-premixed mode is more concentrated at the top dead center, resulting in a significant reduction in the exhaust loss. The increase in the cooling loss is suppressed to a level similar to the conventional mode. In the conventional mode the rate of heat release becomes more rapid and the combustion noise increases with advances in the combustion phase as the premixed combustion with pilot and pre injections and the diffusive combustion with the main combustion occurs simultaneously. In the semi-premixed mode, the premixed combustion with pilot and primary injections and the diffusive combustion with the secondary injection occurs separately in different phases, maintaining a gentler heat release with advances in the combustion phase. The mechanism of the cooling loss suppression with the semi-premixed mode at low load was investigated with 3D-CFD. In the semi-premixed mode, there is a reduction in the gas flow and quantity of the combustion gas near the piston wall due to the suppression of spray penetration and splitting of the injection, resulting in a smaller heat flux.
Racialized authenticity: South Asian migrant women in the ethnic beauty market
Authors: Khan Hareem
Published: June 2021

Over the last two decades, ethnic beauty markets in Los Angeles have grown rapidly as cultural commodification soars alongside the growth of migrant workers in the global city. The South Asian beauty industry, in particular, has emerged as a site where there is a hypervisibility of ethnic aesthetic practices, such as threading hair removal and henna art, as well as South Asian migrant women who are formally and informally employed in these salons. Threading, often marketed as an Indian, Asian, Ayurvedic and/or Eastern hair removal technique, uses intertwined cotton threads that are rolled across the skin to pluck hair out from the roots. This growing market for threading services has uniquely relied on the labor of migrant women from the subcontinent, one that has been sustained through efforts to authenticate women’s labor as desirably Other. Based on 22 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the South Asian beauty industry, this article examines the structural mechanisms through which migrant women are racialized as ‘authentic’ workers with a focus on businesses’ hiring practices resulting in the hypervisibility of migrant women in the industry, marketing and advertising of these services, as well as state legislation. I use the term ‘racialized authenticity’ to understand these structural productions and the ways they inform the context within which beauty industry interactions take place. These interactions occur in threading salons where racialized expectations around un/desirability are encountered by workers and consumers as well as in training programs where threading is taught. Together, these insights reveal the contradictory forms of South Asian racialization in the US that allow workers to authenticate their labor as desirable for consumers while simultaneously signaling their foreignness.
Free to be: Experiences of arts-based relational caring in a community living and thriving with dementia
Authors: Jonas-Simpson Christine , Mitchell Gail , Dupuis Sherry , Donovan Lesley , Kontos Pia
Published: June 2021

Aim

To present findings about experiences of relational caring at an arts-based academy for persons living with dementia.

Background

There is a compelling call and need for connection and relationships in communities living with dementia. This study shares what is possible when a creative arts-based academy for persons living with dementia grounded in relational inquiry and caring focuses on relationships through the medium of the arts.

Design

A qualitative phenomenological methodology (informed by van Manen) was used to answer the research question, “What is it like to experience relational caring at an arts-based academy for persons living with dementia?” We address two research objectives: (1) to explore how relationships are experienced when a relational caring philosophy underpins practice, including arts-based engagements; and (2) to understand the meaning of relationships that bring quality to day-to-day living.

Methods

Twenty-five participants were recruited from the Academy and interviewed in one-to-one in-depth interviews or small groups. Participants included five persons living with dementia, eight family members, four staff, five artists, one personal support worker, and two volunteers. Participants were asked to describe their experiences of relational caring or relationships in the Academy space.

Findings

Three thematic patterns emerged, which address the research objectives. Relational caring is experienced when: freedom and fluid engagement inspire a connected spontaneous liveliness; embracing difference invites discovery and generous inclusivity; and mutual affection brings forth trust and genuine expression.

Conclusions

Findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge about both relational caring and arts-based practices that call forth a different ethic of care—one that is relational, inclusive, and intentional. Findings also shed light on what is possible when a relational caring philosophy underpins arts-based practices—everyone thrives.
Interspecies chimeras as a platform for exogenic organ production and transplantation
Authors: Garry Daniel J , Garry Mary G
Published: June 2021

Chronic diseases are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are warranted. Here, we provide a brief review outlining the rationale and feasibility for the generation of intraspecies and interspecies chimeras, which one day may serve as a platform for organ transplantation. These strategies are further associated with consideration of scientific and ethical issues.
Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Cardiac Surgical Education in North America
Authors: Luc Jessica G. Y. , Nguyen Tom C. , Ad Niv ,   On behalf of the COVID-19 North American Cardiac Surgery Survey Working Group
Published: June 2021

Objective

We report the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cardiac surgery trainee education in North America.

Methods

A survey was sent to participating academic adult cardiac surgery centers in North America. Data regarding the effect of COVID-19 on cardiac surgery training were analyzed.

Results

Responses were received from 53 academic institutions with diverse geographic distribution. Cardiac surgery trainee re-deployment to alternative clinical duties peaked at the height of the pandemic. We stratified institutions based on high ( n = 20) and low burden ( n = 33) of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The majority of institutions have converted didactics (high burden 90% vs low burden 73%) and interviews for jobs/fellowships (high burden 75% vs low burden 73%) from in-person to virtual. Institutions were mixed in preference for administration of the licensing examination, with the most common preference for examinations to be held remotely on normal timeline (high burden 45% vs low burden 30%) or in person with more than 3-month delay (high burden 20% vs low burden 33%). Despite the challenges experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic on trainee clinical experience, re-deployment, and decreased operative volume, institutions expected their trainees to graduate on schedule (high burden 95% vs low burden 91%).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that actions taken during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to disruptions in cardiac surgery training with transition of didactics and interviews virtually and re-deployment to alternative duties. Despite this, institutions remain optimistic that their trainees will graduate on schedule.