bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Citizenship, Social Equality and Government Reform: Changes in the Household Registration System in Korea, 1894-1910
Authors: Hwang Kyung Moon
Published: April 2004

For over a millennium before the 20th century, the Korean state had maintained a system of household registration, or hojok. In the Choson dynasty (1392-1910), these registers, through their specification of each household head's status either as a tax-paying commoner or tax-exempt aristocrat or low-born, reinforced the hereditary status delineation of each locality and in turn determined everything from tax and service obligations to the courtesies and behaviors of social interaction. Within the span of a few years at the turn of the 20th century, however, this stalwart institution of household registration, which proved so central to both the strengths and problems of the Choson government, was
thoroughly reorganized, revealing the myriad facets of the state's changing relationship with the populace.
Plotinus, mysticism, and mediation
Authors: ARP ROBERT
Published: April 2004

The Plotinian scholar, John Bussanich, has noted that the issue of classifying mystical union with the One consists in deciding between either theistic union or monistic identity. For advocates of theistic union, during mystical union the soul retains its identity and can be distinguished from the One; for advocates of monistic identity, during the union the soul loses its identity and becomes absorbed into the One. Both camps, however, believe that noetic activity is transcended in the union. In contradistinction to the theistic union and monistic identity views, I argue for what I call a mediated union position in Plotinus's doctrines whereby the noetic part of the soul – understood as a multi-faceted cognitive capacity – is not transcended in union with the One.

When the seer sees himself, then when he sees, he will see himself as like this, or rather he will be in union with himself as like this and will be aware of himself like this since he has become single and simple.Plotinus Ennead, VI.9.10.9–11
Attitude Estimation By Separate-Bias Kalman Filter-Based Data Fusion
Authors: Setoodeh Peyman , Khayatian Alireza , Frajah Ebrahim
Published: April 2004

Attitude estimation systems often use two or more different sensors to increase reliability and accuracy. Although gyroscopes do not have problems like limited range, interference, and line of sight obscuration, they suffer from slow drift. On the other hand, inclinometers are drift-free but they are sensitive to transverse accelerations and have slow dynamics. This paper presents an extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based data fusion algorithm which utilizes the complementary noise profiles of these two types of sensors to extend their limits. To avoid complexities of dynamic modelling of the platform and its interaction with the environment, gyro modelling will be used to implement indirect (error state) form of the Kalman filter. The great advantage of this approach is its independence from the structure of the platform and its applicability to any system with a similar set of sensors. Separate bias formulation of the Kalman filter will be used to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm. In addition, a systematic approach based on wavelet decomposition will be utilized to estimate noise covariances used in the Kalman filter formulation. This approach solves many of the convergence problems encountered in the implementation of EKF due to the choice of covariance matrices. Experimental implementation of the estimator shows the excellent performance of the filter.
Pure Decoherence in Quantum Systems
Authors: Alicki Robert
Published: April 2004

A popular model of decoherence based on the linear coupling to harmonic oscillator heat baths is analysed and shown to be inappropriate in the regime where decoherence dominates over energy dissipation, called pure decoherence regime. The similar mechanism essentially related to the energy conservation implies that, on the contrary to some recent conjectures [21], chaotic environments can be less efficient decoherers than regular ones. Finally, the elastic scattering mechanism is advocated as the simplest source of pure decoherence.
Entropy of a Convolution Operator
Authors: Urbański Aleksander
Published: April 2004

The concept of the entropy of a doubly stochastic operator was introduced in 1999 by Ghys, Langevin, and Walczak. The idea was developed further by Kamiński and de Sam Lazaro, who also conjectured that the entropy of a convolution operator determined by a probability measure on a compact abelian group is equal to zero. We prove that this is true when the group is connected and the convolution operator is determined by a measure absolutely continuous with respect to the normalized Haar measure. Our result provides also a characterization of the set of doubly stochastic operators with non-zero entropy.
First comparisons of local ion measurements in the inner magnetosphere with energetic neutral atom magnetospheric image inversions: Cluster‐CIS and IMAGE‐HENA observations
Authors: Vallat Claire , Dandouras Iannis , C:son Brandt Pontus , DeMajistre R. , Mitchell Donald G. , Roelof Edmond C. , Rème Henri , Sauvaud Jean‐André , Kistler Lynn , Mouikis Christopher , Dunlop Malcolm , Balogh André
Published: April 2004

Data provided by the CIS (Cluster Ion Spectrometry) instruments on board the Cluster spacecraft are used to survey recent crossings of the inner magnetosphere and ring current. CIS is capable of obtaining full three‐dimensional ion distributions (about 0 to 40 keV/q) with one spacecraft spin time resolution and with mass‐per‐charge composition determination. Events are selected for which the Cluster spacecraft are within the field of view of the HENA (high‐energy neutral atom) imager on board IMAGE. HENA provides energetic neutral atom images with a high geometric factor and with a 120° × 360° field of view over the spin. The H+ ion distribution functions obtained in situ by CIS are then compared to the ones deduced by inverting the HENA hydrogen neutral atom images for the overlapping energy range of the two instruments (27–39 keV). This analysis concerns events obtained both during well‐developed ring current conditions (e.g., 18 April 2002 event) and during quiet magnetospheric conditions (e.g., 9 August 2001 event). The results show the consistency between the ion fluxes deduced from energetic neutral atom (ENA) image inversions and the fluxes measured locally. They thus show the complementarity of the two approaches. The locally measured fluxes provide the “ground truth,” and they give the detailed ion distributions. ENA images allow to situate local measurements into a global context and to position them with respect to the ring current large‐scale structure. Our results also show the limitations of the ion fluxes deduced from the ENA image inversions for images taken from a single vantage point, with a substantial scatter of the inversion fluxes with respect to the in situ measured ones and a more limited dynamic range.
The 5500‐km‐long boundary flow off western and southern Australia
Authors: Ridgway K. R. , Condie S. A.
Published: April 2004

The path of the shelf edge flow off southwestern Australia is documented using results from satellite altimetry and sea surface temperature (SST) and a climatogical in situ analysis. During Austral winter a continuous current is shown to extend from its origin at North West Cape to the southern tip of Tasmania, a distance of 5500 km. Satellite SST observations and surface buoy tracks confirm the location and continuity of the current trajectory. While the Leeuwin Current is forced by the strong alongshore pressure gradient associated with the meridional portion of the western Australian coastal boundary, our results suggest that the essentially zonal shelf edge flow along the southern Australian coast arises from the setup of coastal sea level by onshore Ekman flow driven by the winter westerly wind and possibly a further alongshore pressure gradient. The timing of these two different forcing mechanisms means that the west coast pressure gradient delivers the Leeuwin Current to the south coast just as the winds reverse and are thus able to maintain the eastward passage of the current. The shelf edge flow consists of two main water masses. A low‐salinity, warm water type of tropical origin associated with the Leeuwin Current and a high‐salinity, warm water inflow formed on the western end of the Great Australian Bight continental shelf. A naming convention is proposed, the Leeuwin Current representing flow from North West Cape to the Great Australian Bight (GAB); the South Australian Current, between the eastern GAB and western Bass Strait; and the Zeehan Current off western Tasmania.
Thermohaline structure, ageostrophic vertical velocity fields and phytoplankton distribution and production in the northeast Atlantic subtropical front
Authors: Mouriño Beatriz , Fernández Emilio , Alves Mario
Published: April 2004

Two oceanographic cruises were carried out in the Azores Current/Subtropical Front region in July 1997 and April 1999 to study the seasonal and mesoscale spatial variability in the relationship between the hydrodynamic characteristics of the water column and the distribution of nutrients, phytoplankton biomass, and production. Both the magnitude of chlorophyll‐a values and primary production rates as well as their vertical distribution varied sharply associated with subtle changes in seasonal thermal stratification. Successive upwelling and downwelling regions were detected along the track of a cyclonic meander, with maximum ageostrophic vertical velocities of 3 m d−1 and −4 m d−1, respectively, at 375 dbar. Relatively high nitrate concentrations (>3.5 μM) were found associated with denser waters at the center of the meander, where the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) uplifted ∼20 dbar. Chlorophyll‐a concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 mg m−3, with slightly higher values (>0.35 mg m−3) at the northern side of the current. A significant relationship was not detected between the vertical ageostrophic velocity field and nitrate and chlorophyll‐a distributions, which were significantly correlated with the depth of the 16°C isotherm. Vertical advective fluxes of nitrate across the base of the DCM were about 2 orders of magnitude higher than vertical diffusive nitrate transport (−6.6 to 3.7 mmol m−2 d−1 versus 0.01 to 0.07 mmol m−2 d−1). Diffusive nitrate fluxes only account for <10% of the total primary production rates measured in the region.
Association between atmospheric circulation patterns and firn‐ice core records from the Inilchek glacierized area, central Tien Shan, Asia
Authors: Aizen Vladimir B. , Aizen Elena M. , Melack John M. , Kreutz Karl J. , Cecil L. DeWayne
Published: April 2004

Glacioclimatological research in the central Tien Shan was performed in the summers of 1998 and 1999 on the South Inilchek Glacier at 5100–5460 m. A 14.36 m firn‐ice core and snow samples were collected and used for stratigraphic, isotopic, and chemical analyses. The firn‐ice core and snow records were related to snow pit measurements at an event scale and to meteorological data and synoptic indices of atmospheric circulation at annual and seasonal scales. Linear relationships between the seasonal air temperature and seasonal isotopic composition in accumulated precipitation were established. Changes in the δ18O air temperature relationship, in major ion concentration and in the ratios between chemical species, were used to identify different sources of moisture and investigate changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. Precipitation over the central Tien Shan is characterized by the lowest ionic content among the Tien Shan glaciers and indicates its mainly marine origin. In seasons of minimum precipitation, autumn and winter, water vapor was derived from the arid and semiarid regions in central Eurasia and contributed annual maximal solute content to snow accumulation in Tien Shan. The lowest content of major ions was observed in spring and summer layers, which represent maximum seasonal accumulation when moisture originates over the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean and Black Seas.
CAHVOR camera model and its photogrammetric conversion for planetary applications
Authors: Di Kaichang , Li Rongxing
Published: April 2004

CAHVOR is a camera model used in machine vision for three‐dimensional measurements. It models the transformation from the object domain to the image domain using vectors C, A, H, and V and corrects radial lens distortions with a vector O and a triplet R. In photogrammetric mapping the camera model is usually represented by collinearity equations with interior and exterior orientation parameters. In NASA's planetary missions the CAHVOR model has been widely used for rover navigation and scientific exploration. On the other hand, a photogrammetric model is often needed in mapping and photogrammetric data processing systems. This paper presents a method for conversions between the CAHVOR model and the photogrammetry model. A numerical example is given to validate the conversion equations.
Water management in a mountain front recharge aquifer
Authors: Burness Stuart , Chermak Janie , Brookshire David
Published: April 2004

We explore the dynamic and conflicting interaction of incentives for private versus riparian habitat water use in the context of a mountain front recharge system. A novel situation arises wherein private uses are consumptive while riparian habitat uses, although clearly consumptive, are closely related to water stocks. The hydrology of the mountain front recharge system is characterized by system lags which lead to difficulties in constructing incentive based policy tools.
Effects of management policies, including artificial recharge, on salinization in a sloping aquifer: The Israeli Coastal Aquifer case
Authors: Assouline S. , Shavit U.
Published: April 2004

Overexploitation of aquifers may impair groundwater quality and cause salinization, as occurs in the sloping Coastal Aquifer in Israel. The current management policy risks the future of the aquifer as the country's most important water reservoir. The paper examines a variety of policies and studies their impact on the salinization of the aquifer. Two quantitative approaches were applied: (1) a balance approach which was used to calculate the mean salinity of the aquifer water and (2) a 2‐D numerical solution of the flow and transport equations in a 10 × 15 km cell representing a portion of the aquifer. The policy alternatives include desalination of imported freshwater (180–250 ppm Cl−), desalination of treated wastewater, and injection of the desalinated water. An increased pumping from the aquifer compensates for the injection of these waters. The results show that desalination of imported freshwater or wastewater with no injection would reduce the salinization rate of the aquifer only slightly, and that the effect would be noticeable only after a period corresponding to the retention time of the vadose zone. The alternatives that involve injection of desalinated water would stop the salinization process; the aquifer mean salinity would stabilize around the level that prevailed at the time of implementation of the injection policy. The numerical solution confirmed the conclusions of the balance approach while including the complex effect of the high‐salinity boundary condition on the east and the role of thickness variations in a sloping aquifer. This approach addressed the influence of the spatial densities of pumping and of injection and showed that as the density increases, the numerical and balance solutions converge. It is shown that the numerical simulation should be used for future planning of the injection and pumping layout. Finally, calculations based on our results show that the alternatives involving injection of desalinated freshwater provide the lowest cost of improving the aquifer water salinity.
Numerical simulation of non‐Fickian transport in geological formations with multiple‐scale heterogeneities
Authors: Cortis Andrea , Gallo Claudio , Scher Harvey , Berkowitz Brian
Published: April 2004

We develop a numerical method to model contaminant transport in heterogeneous geological formations. The method is based on a unified framework that takes into account the different levels of uncertainty often associated with characterizing heterogeneities at different spatial scales. It treats the unresolved, small‐scale heterogeneities (residues) probabilistically using a continuous time random walk (CTRW) formalism and the large‐scale heterogeneity variations (trends) deterministically. This formulation leads to a Fokker‐Planck equation with a memory term (FPME) and a generalized concentration flux term. The former term captures the non‐Fickian behavior arising from the residues, and the latter term accounts for the trends, which are included with explicit treatment at the heterogeneity interfaces. The memory term allows a transition between non‐Fickian and Fickian transport, while the coupling of these dynamics with the trends quantifies the unique nature of the transport over a broad range of temporal and spatial scales. The advection‐dispersion equation (ADE) is shown to be a special case of our unified framework. The solution of the ADE is used as a reference for the FPME solutions for the same formation structure. Numerical treatment of the equations involves solution for the Laplace transformed concentration by means of classical finite element methods, and subsequent inversion in the time domain. We use the numerical method to quantify transport in a two‐dimensional domain for different expressions for the memory term. The parameters defining these expressions are measurable quantities. The calculations demonstrate long tailing arising (principally) from the memory term and the effects on arrival times that are controlled largely by the generalized concentration flux term.
Changes in corticothalamic modulation of receptive fields during peripheral injury-induced reorganization
Authors: Chowdhury S. A. , Greek K. A. , Rasmusson D. D.
Published: April 2004

The influence of corticothalamic projections on the thalamus during different stages of reorganization was determined in anesthetized raccoons that had undergone previous removal of a single forepaw digit. Single-unit recordings were made from 522 sites in the somatosensory nucleus of the thalamus (ventroposterior lateral nucleus) before and after lesioning parts of primary somatosensory cortex. In those parts of ventroposterior lateral nucleus that had intact input from the periphery, the cortical lesion resulted in an immediate 85% increase in receptive field (RF) size. In animals studied 2–6 weeks after digit amputation, peripherally denervated thalamic neurons had unique RFs that were larger than normal, and these were not further enlarged by cortical lesion. However, at longer periods of reorganization (>4 mo), when the new RFs of denervated neurons had decreased in size, cortical lesion again produced expansion of RF size. These data demonstrate that corticothalamic fibers modulate the spatial extent of thalamic RFs in intact animals, probably by controlling intrathalamic inhibition. This corticothalamic modulation is ineffective during the early stages of injury-induced reorganization when new RFs are being formed, but is reinstated after the new RFs have become stabilized. The fact that neurons in the denervated thalamic region retained their unique RFs after cortical lesion indicates that their new inputs are not being relayed from a reorganized cortex and support the view that some plasticity occurs in or below the thalamus.
Molecular recognition of the nucleosomal “supergroove”
Authors: Edayathumangalam Rajeswari S. , Weyermann Philipp , Gottesfeld Joel M. , Dervan Peter B. , Luger Karolin
Published: April 2004

Chromatin is the physiological substrate in all processes involving eukaryotic DNA. By organizing 147 base pairs of DNA into two tight superhelical coils, the nucleosome generates an architecture where DNA regions that are 80 base pairs apart on linear DNA are brought into close proximity, resulting in the formation of DNA “supergrooves.” Here, we report the design of a hairpin polyamide dimer that targets one such supergroove. The 2-Å crystal structure of the nucleosome–polyamide complex shows that the bivalent “clamp” effectively crosslinks the two gyres of the DNA superhelix, improves positioning of the DNA on the histone octamer, and stabilizes the nucleosome against dissociation. Our findings identify nucleosomal supergrooves as platforms for molecular recognition of condensed eukaryotic DNA.
In vivo
, supergrooves may foster synergistic protein–protein interactions by bringing two regulatory elements into juxtaposition. Because supergroove formation is independent of the translational position of the DNA on the histone octamer, accurate nucleosome positioning over regulatory elements is not required for supergroove participation in eukaryotic gene regulation.
Essential role of GATA-4 in cell survival and drug-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Aries Anne , Paradis Pierre , Lefebvre Chantal , Schwartz Robert J. , Nemer Mona
Published: April 2004

In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding cardiomyocyte differentiation. However, little is known about the regulation of myocyte survival despite the fact that myocyte apoptosis is a leading cause of heart failure. Here we report that transcription factor GATA-4 is a survival factor for differentiated, postnatal cardiomyocytes and an upstream activator of the antiapoptotic geneBcl-X. An early event in the cardiotoxic effect of the antitumor drug doxorubicin is GATA-4 depletion, which in turn causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mouse heterozygotes for a nullGata4allele have enhanced susceptibility to doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Genetic or pharmacologic enhancement of GATA-4 prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis and drug-induced cardiotoxicity. The results indicate that GATA-4 is an antiapoptotic factor required for the adaptive stress response of the adult heart. Modulation of survival/apoptosis genes by tissue-specific transcription factors may be a general paradigm that can be exploited effectively for cell-specific regulation of apoptosis in disease states.
Statistics of Racial Segregation: Measures, Evidence and Policy
Authors: Simpson Ludi
Published: April 2004

Subsequent to riots in UK northern cities, claims of self-segregation and polarised communities are examined with data unique to the city of Bradford and first results from the UK population census. Statistics relating to race often reinforce misleading stereotypes that are unhelpful to the development of appropriate social policy. Previous studies of indices of segregation are shown to be inadequate through lack of consideration of change over time and the confounding of population change with migration. The separation of natural change and migration supports survey evidence that dispersal of South Asian populations has taken place at the same time as absolute and relative growth. Social policy will do well to take on board these demographic facts in a positive inclusive approach to all residents in all areas.
Readiness and Stages of Change in Addiction Treatment
Authors: DiClemente Carlo C. , Schlundt Debra , Gemmell Leigh
Published: April 2004

Understanding the role of personal motivation in addiction treatment changed with the advent of the Transtheoretical Model of intentional behavior change, a better understanding of relapse, and a shift in focus from denial to readiness. Motivation is a complex concept that covers many diverse aspects of the process of intentional behavior change. This review examines current perspectives on readiness and the stages of change, criticisms and measurement issues, and clinical applications and future research in this area. Although significant challenges remain, properly incorporating the concepts of readiness and the stages of change into addiction treatment enables providers to address the diverse needs of substance abusers and treatment seekers, supports more proactive interventions, creates a concentration on motivational enhancement, and helps researchers understand the larger process of change where addict and treatment provider meet. Better measurement, more frequent assessments, and a better understanding of the stage subtasks and how they relate to readiness and successful change are needed to deepen our understanding of motivation and its role in the treatment of addiction. (Am J Addict 2004;13:103–119)
Depression Predicts Higher Rates of Heroin Use on Desipramine with Buprenorphine than with Methadone
Authors: Kosten Thomas , Falcioni Jean , Oliveto Alison , Feingold Alan
Published: April 2004

The effect of lifetime depression was examined in a randomized clinical trial in 164 opioid‐ and cocaine‐dependent patients who were treated with desipramine in combination with either methadone or buprenorphine. We examined treatment retention, illicit opioid and cocaine use, and depressive symptoms, and found that opioid‐free urines at baseline, but not later in treatment, were greater among the depressed than non‐depressed patients. Among the depressed patients, depressive symptoms at baseline, but not later in treatment, were greater in patients treated with buprenorphine than methadone. Desipramine did not reduce depressive symptoms more than placebo. Finally, the depressed patients treated with desipramine and buprenorphine showed the least improvement in opioid‐free urines, while the non‐depressed patients treated with desipramine and methadone had more opioid‐free urines than those patients treated with placebo desipramine. Cocaine‐free urines showed no association with depression. This poor outcome with desipramine and buprenorphine suggests that this medication combination is not indicated in depressed opioid‐dependent patients. (Am J Addict 2004;13:191–201)
Specifying Cigarette Smoking and Quitting among People with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Lucksted Alicia , McGuire Colleen , Postrado Leticia , Kreyenbuhl Julie , Dixon Lisa B.
Published: April 2004

People with serious mental illnesses (SMI) have a high prevalence of cigarette smoking. Details of their smoking and quitting behaviors are needed to create effective interventions. This study aims to describe the smoking and quitting histories, current behaviors, and motivations of an outpatient sample of smokers with SMI. A structured interview and Breathalyzer assessment were administered to 120 smokers from four diverse mental health settings. Participants’ smoking and quitting self‐report data are presented in combination with demographic and clinical variables; the results provide implications for smoking cessation, amelioration, and prevention interventions and for future research. (Am J Addict 2004;13:128–138)
Drug Interactions between Opioids and Antiretroviral Medications: Interaction between Methadone, LAAM, and Nelfinavir
Authors: McCance‐Katz Elinore F. , Rainey Petrie M. , Smith Patrick , Morse Gene , Friedland Gerald , Gourevitch Marc , Jatlow Peter
Published: April 2004

Understanding drug interactions between antiretrovirals and opiate therapies may decrease toxicities and enhance adherence, with improved HIV outcomes in injection drug users. We report results of a clinical pharmacology study designed to examine the interaction of the protease inhibitor, nelfinavir, with methadone and LAAM (N = 48). Nelfinavir decreased methadone exposure, but no withdrawal was observed over the five day study period. LAAM and dinor LAAM concentrations were decreased, while nor LAAM concentrations were increased, with minimal overall change in LAAM / metabolite exposure. Methadone and LAAM did not affect nelfinavir concentrations, but methadone decreased M8 metabolite exposure. While no toxicities were observed, clinicians should be aware of the potential for drug interactions when patients require treatment with nelfinavir and these opiate medicatioons. (Am J Addict 2004;13:163–180)
Psychiatric Symptoms in Methamphetamine Users
Authors: Zweben Joan E. , Cohen Judith B. , Christian Darrell , Galloway Gantt P. , Salinardi Michelle , Parent David , Iguchi Martin ,   Methamphetamine Treatment Project
Published: April 2004

The Methamphetamine Treatment Project (MTP) offers the opportunity to examine co‐occurring psychiatric conditions in a sample of 1016 methamphetamine users participating in a multisite outpatient treatment study between 1999—2001. Participants reported high levels of psychiatric symptoms, particularly depression and attempted suicide, but also anxiety and psychotic symptoms. They also reported high levels of problems controlling anger and violent behavior, with a correspondingly high frequency of assault and weapons charges. Findings continue to support the value of integrated treatment for co‐occurring conditions, especially the importance of training counseling staff to handle psychotic symptoms when needed (Am J Addict 2004;13:181–190)
Serum immunoglobulins and white blood cells status of drug addicts: influence of illicit drugs and sex habit
Authors: Islam SK Nazrul , Hossain Kazi Jahangir , Kamal Mustafa , Ahsan Monira
Published: April 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the serum immunoglobulins and white blood cells status of drug addicts and to assess the extent of influence of drug habit and sexual practice on the immune components. The study was conducted among 253 male drug addicts and 100 non‐addict controls of aged 18  ‐  45 years. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to analyse the serum immunoglobulin concentrations. White blood cells profile was estimated by counting 200 cells . Results showed a significant increase (p < 0.03) of serum IgG, IgA and IgM in the drug addicts (6.93 ? 1.53g/l, 2.90 ? 1.13g/l and 1.72 ? 0.73g/l, respectively) compared to those in the cohort controls (6.52 ? 1.05g/l, 2.61 ? 0.83g/l and 1.52 ? 0.59g/l, respectively). A significant (p  = 0.00) decrease of peripheral lymphocytes (51.8 ? 15.2 vs. 71.9 ? 11.5) was noted in the drug addicts. Monocytes (8.3 ? 4.9), neutrophils (128.2 ? 18.9) and eosinophils (11.4 ? 5.8) were found to be increased in the drug addicts against those in the controls (5.2 ? 2.5, 113.2 ? 13.0 and 9.6 ? 5.8, respectively). Multiple drug abuse for longer period had resulted in a significant (p  < 0.05) decrease of serum immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. The longer period of addiction had also made a significant (p  < 0.05) decrease of eosinophils (p  = 0.05) and an increase of monocytes and neutrophils. Sex with multiple sexual partners had shown a significant (p  < 0.01) decrease of serum immunoglobulins and eosinophils.
Effects of opium addiction on some serum factors in addicts with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Karam Gholamreza Asadi , Reisi Mostafa , Kaseb Ali Alizadeh , Khaksari Mohammad , Mohammadi Abbas , Mahmoodi Mehdi
Published: April 2004

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of opium on biochemical parameters in addicts with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Twenty‐three males and 26 females between 35 and 65 years of age, with NIDDM, addicted to opium, were selected as the case group. Twenty‐three males and 26 females with NIDDM and no opium addiction served as controls. Fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins  ‐  cholesterol (HDL‐c), triglycerides (TGs), sodium (Na  + ), potassium (K  + ), calcium (Ca2+), iron (Fe2+), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), serum total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid and urea were measured in the serum of the two groups. Serum protein electrophoresis was also carried out. Compared to the control group, in addicted males with NIDDM, HbA1c, K  +  and Fe2+ were higher, and serum total protein, ALT and HDL‐c were lower. No significant difference was observed between other factors. Albumin was lower in addicts, but no significant difference was observed between the albumin/globulin ratios. In addicted females with NIDDM, serum total protein, TIBC, ALT and AST were lower compared to non‐addicts. Cholesterol tends to be lower in diabetic addicted males, HbA1c in addicted females and uric acid in addicted males was higher compared to non‐addicted diabetics. Their differences, however, were not significant. According to our results, smoking opium increases serum glucose and decreases HDL‐c, and thus adds to metabolic disorders in NIDDM patients. It also increases potassium and Fe2+ in males and decreases TIBC in females, and could therefore potentially interfere with water and iron metabolism.
Blood naltrexone and 6‐ß‐naltrexol levels following naltrexone implant: comparing two naltrexone implants
Authors: Hulse GK , Arnold‐Reed DE , O'Neil G , Chan C‐T , Hansson R , O'Neil P
Published: April 2004

The aim of this study was to profile and compare blood naltrexone and 6‐ β‐ naltrexol levels with time following treatment with two sustained‐release naltrexone preparations produced by GoMedical Industries, Australia at a community heroin treatment clinic in Perth, Western Australia. A sample of 10 patients who each received a 1.7 g naltrexone implant were compared to 24 patients who each received a 3.4 g naltrexone implant as treatment for heroin dependence. Blood naltrexone levels following treatment with the 1.7 g naltrexone implant remained above 2 and 1 ng/ml for approximately 90 and 136 days, respectively. Use of the 3.4 g naltrexone implant extended the period of coverage to approximately 297 (1 ng/ml) or 188 (2 ng/ml) days. Blood 6‐ β ‐naltrexol levels remained above 10 ng/ml for approximately 18 and 83 days, respectively, following use of the 1.7 g and 3.4 g naltrexone implants. The current study data indicate that blood naltrexone and 6 ‐β‐ naltrexol levels following treatment with either the 1.7 g or 3.4 g naltrexone implant are greater than those reported in other published data on other sustained‐release naltrexone preparations. Furthermore, duration of blood naltrexone and 6 ‐β‐ naltrexol levels achieved following use of the 3.4 g implant were superior to those achieved with the 1.7 g naltrexone implant, with naltrexone blood levels maintained above 2 ng/ml for a period of approximately 6.3 months compared to 3 months, respectively. The implications of this in managing the heroin‐dependent patient, especially those who find it difficult to shift away from dependent use patterns, are discussed.
On an example of Aspinwall and Morrison
Authors: Szendrői Balázs
Published: April 2004

In this paper, a family of smooth multiply-connected Calabi–Yau threefolds is investigated. The family presents a counterexample to global Torelli as conjectured by Aspinwall and Morrison.
Remark about the spectrum of the 𝑝-form Laplacian under a collapse with curvature bounded below
Authors: Lott John
Published: April 2004

We give a lower bound on the number of small positive eigenvalues of the

p
p

-form Laplacian in a certain type of collapse with curvature bounded below.
Minimal displacement and retraction problems in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces
Authors: Bolibok Krzysztof
Published: April 2004

We give the first constructive example of a Lipschitz mapping with positive minimal displacement in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space

H
.

H.

We use this construction to obtain an evaluation from below of the minimal displacement characteristic in the space

H
.

H.

In the second part we present a simple and constructive proof of existence of a Lipschitz retraction from a unit ball

B
B

onto a unit sphere

S
S

in the space

H
H

, and we improve an evaluation from above of a retraction constant

k

0

(
H
)

.

k_{0}\left ( H\right ) .
The sharp lower bound for the first positive eigenvalue of a sub-Laplacian on a pseudo-Hermitian manifold
Authors: Li Song-Ying , Luk Hing-Sun
Published: April 2004

This paper studies, using the Bochner technique, a sharp lower bound of the first eigenvalue of a subelliptic Laplace operator on a strongly pseudoconvex CR manifold in terms of its pseudo-Hermitian geometry. For dimensions greater than or equal to

7
7

, the lower bound under a condition on the Ricci curvature and the torsion was obtained by Greenleaf. We give a proof for all dimensions greater than or equal to

5
5

. For dimension

3
3

, the sharp lower bound is proved under a condition which also involves a distinguished covariant derivative of the torsion.
Local intersections of plane algebraic curves
Authors: Moura Claire
Published: April 2004

We determine the maximum punctual order of contact between two plane algebraic curves, of which one is reduced. We prove that, generically on the reduced curve, this quantity is always strictly bounded by the product of the degrees of the curves.
Control of radii of convergence and extension of subanalytic functions
Authors: Bierstone Edward
Published: April 2004

Let

g
g

:

U
→

R

U\to \mathbb {R}

denote a real analytic function on an open subset

U
U

of

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

, and let

Σ
⊂
∂
U

\Sigma \subset \partial U

denote the points where

g
g

does not admit a local analytic extension. We show that if

g
g

is semialgebraic (respectively, globally subanalytic), then

Σ
\Sigma

is semialgebraic (respectively, subanalytic) and

g
g

extends to a semialgebraic (respectively, subanalytic) neighbourhood of

U
¯

∖
Σ

\overline {U}\backslash \Sigma

. (In the general subanalytic case,

Σ
\Sigma

is not necessarily subanalytic.) Our proof depends on controlling the radii of convergence of power series

G
G

centred at points

b
b

in the image of an analytic mapping

φ
\varphi

, in terms of the radii of convergence of

G
∘

φ
^

a

G\circ \widehat {\varphi }_a

at points

a
∈

φ

−
1

(
b
)

a\in \varphi ^{-1}(b)

, where

φ
^

a

\widehat {\varphi }_a

denotes the Taylor expansion of

φ
\varphi

at

a
a

.
An asymptotic stability result for scalar delayed population models
Authors: Faria Teresa
Published: April 2004

We give sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the scalar delay differential equation

x
˙

(
t
)
=
(
1
+
x
(
t
)
)
F
(
t
,

x
t

)

\dot x(t)=(1+x(t))F(t,x_t)

, without assuming that zero is a solution. A result of Yorke (1970) is revisited.
A uniform Fourier restriction theorem for surfaces in ℝ³
Authors: Oberlin Daniel
Published: April 2004

We establish a uniform Fourier restriction estimate for certain hypersurfaces in

R

3

\mathbb {R} ^{3}

.
On group operations on homogeneous spaces
Authors: Zelenyuk Yevhen
Published: April 2004

It is proved that every countably infinite homogeneous regular space admits a structure of any countably infinite group with continuous left shifts.
Logarithmic Sobolev trace inequality
Authors: Park Young Ja
Published: April 2004

A logarithmic Sobolev trace inequality is derived. Bounds on the best constant for this inequality from above and below are investigated using the sharp Sobolev inequality and the sharp logarithmic Sobolev inequality.
On contractible polyhedra that are not simply contractible
Authors: Karimov Umed , Repovš Dušan
Published: April 2004

In answer to a question of Michael, Dydak, Segal and Spież have constructed a contractible polyhedron that is not strictly contractible. In the present note we prove a related result; by using alternative methods we show that there exist contractible polyhedra that are not simply (hence not strictly) contractible.
On 𝑐-supplemented maximal and minimal subgroups of Sylow subgroups of finite groups
Authors: Wei Huaquan , Wang Yanming , Li Yangming
Published: April 2004

This paper proves: Let

F

\mathcal {F}

be a saturated formation containing

U

\mathcal {U}

. Suppose that

G
G

is a group with a normal subgroup

H
H

such that

G

/

H
∈

F

G/H \in \mathcal {F}

. (1) If all maximal subgroups of any Sylow subgroup of

F
∗

(
H
)

F^*(H)

are

c
c

-supple- mented in

G
G

, then

G
∈

F

G \in \mathcal {F}

; (2) If all minimal subgroups and all cyclic subgroups with order 4 of

F
∗

(
H
)

F^*(H)

are

c
c

-supplemented in

G
G

, then

G
∈

F

G \in \mathcal {F}

.
On embeddings of full amalgamated free product C*–algebras
Authors: Armstrong Scott , Dykema Ken , Exel Ruy , Li Hanfeng
Published: April 2004

We examine the question of when the

∗
*

–homomorphism

λ
:
A

∗
D

B
→

A
~

∗

D
~

B
~

\lambda : A*_D B\to \widetilde {A}*_ {\widetilde {D}}\widetilde {B}

of full amalgamated free product C

∗

^*

–algebras, arising from compatible inclusions of C

∗

^*

–algebras

A
⊆

A
~

A\subseteq \widetilde {A}

,

B
⊆

B
~

B\subseteq \widetilde {B}

and

D
⊆

D
~

D\subseteq \widetilde {D}

, is an embedding. Results giving sufficient conditions for

λ
\lambda

to be injective, as well as classes of examples where

λ
\lambda

fails to be injective, are obtained. As an application, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the full amalgamated free product of finite-dimensional C

∗

^*

–algebras to be residually finite dimensional.
A characterization of semi-quasihomogeneous functions in terms of the Milnor number
Authors: Furuya Masako , Tomari Masataka
Published: April 2004

We give an inequality on the Milnor number

μ
(
f
)

\mu (f)

of a hypersurface isolated singularity in terms of the weighted Taylor expansion

f
=

f

ρ

+

f

ρ
+
1

+
⋯

f = f_{\rho }+ f_{\rho +1} + \cdots

for a given weight on the coordinates. Here the equality holds if and only if the leading term

f

ρ

f_{\rho }

defines an isolated singularity. This gives a characterization of the semi-quasihomogeneous condition in terms of

μ
\mu

. Our proof uses a result on multiplicity of filtered rings and is given by purely algebraic arguments.
A geometrical version of Hardy’s inequality for \stackrel{∘}𝑊^{1,𝑝}(Ω)
Authors: Tidblom Jesper
Published: April 2004

The aim of this article is to prove a Hardy-type inequality, concerning functions in

W

∘

1
,
p

(
Ω
)

\stackrel {\circ }{\textrm {W}}{\!}^{1,p}(\Omega )

for some domain

Ω
⊂

R
n

\Omega \subset R^n

, involving the volume of

Ω
\Omega

and the distance to the boundary of

Ω
\Omega

. The inequality is a generalization of a recently proved inequality by M. Hoffmann–Ostenhof, T. Hoffmann–Ostenhof and A. Laptev (2002), which dealt with the special case

p
=
2

p=2

.
On the Weyl tensor of a self-dual complex 4-manifold
Authors: Belgun Florin
Published: April 2004

We study complex 4-manifolds with holomorphic self-dual conformal structures, and we obtain an interpretation of the Weyl tensor of such a manifold as the projective curvature of a field of cones on the ambitwistor space. In particular, its vanishing is implied by the existence of some compact, simply-connected, null-geodesics. We also show that the projective structure of the

β
\beta

-surfaces of a self-dual manifold is flat. All these results are illustrated in detail in the case of the complexification of

C
P

2

\mathbb {CP}^2

.
Analytic order of singular and critical points
Authors: Shustin Eugenii
Published: April 2004

We deal with the following closely related problems: (i) For a germ of a reduced plane analytic curve, what is the minimal degree of an algebraic curve with a singular point analytically equivalent (isomorphic) to the given one? (ii) For a germ of a holomorphic function in two variables with an isolated critical point, what is the minimal degree of a polynomial, equivalent to the given function up to a local holomorphic coordinate change? Classically known estimates for such a degreeddin these questions areμ+1≤d≤μ+1\sqrt {\mu }+1\le d\le \mu +1, whereμ\muis the Milnor number. Our result in both the problems isd≤aμd\le a\sqrt {\mu }with an absolute constantaa. As a corollary, we obtain asymptotically proper sufficient conditions for the existence of algebraic curves with prescribed singularities on smooth algebraic surfaces.
Complete hyperelliptic integrals of the first kind and their non-oscillation
Authors: Gavrilov Lubomir , Iliev Iliya
Published: April 2004

Let

P
(
x
)

P(x)

be a real polynomial of degree

2
g
+
1

2g+1

,

H
=

y
2

+
P
(
x
)

H=y^2+P(x)

and

δ
(
h
)

\delta (h)

be an oval contained in the level set

{
H
=
h
}

\{H=h\}

. We study complete Abelian integrals of the form
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper I left-parenthesis h right-parenthesis equals integral Underscript delta left-parenthesis h right-parenthesis Endscripts StartFraction left-parenthesis alpha 0 plus alpha 1 x plus ellipsis plus alpha Subscript g minus 1 Baseline x Superscript g minus 1 Baseline right-parenthesis d x Over y EndFraction comma h element-of normal upper Sigma comma">

I
(
h
)
=

∫

δ
(
h
)

(

α
0

+

α
1

x
+
…
+

α

g
−
1

x

g
−
1

)
d
x

y

,

h
∈
Σ
,

I(h)=\int _{\delta (h)} \frac {(\alpha _0+\alpha _1 x+\ldots + \alpha _{g-1}x^{g-1})dx}{y}, \;\;h\in \Sigma ,

\]
where

α
i

\alpha _i

are real and

Σ
⊂

R

\Sigma \subset \mathbb {R}

is a maximal open interval on which a continuous family of ovals

{
δ
(
h
)
}

\{\delta (h)\}

exists. We show that the

g
g

-dimensional real vector space of these integrals is not Chebyshev in general: for any

g
>
1

g>1

, there are hyperelliptic Hamiltonians

H
H

and continuous families of ovals

δ
(
h
)
⊂
{
H
=
h
}

\delta (h)\subset \{H=h\}

,

h
∈
Σ

h\in \Sigma

, such that the Abelian integral

I
(
h
)

I(h)

can have at least

[

3
2

g
]
−
1

[\frac 32g]-1

zeros in

Σ
\Sigma

. Our main result is Theorem 1 in which we show that when

g
=
2

g=2

, exceptional families of ovals

{
δ
(
h
)
}

\{\delta (h)\}

exist, such that the corresponding vector space is still Chebyshev.
Hilbert spaces of Dirichlet series and their multipliers
Authors: M^{𝑐}Carthy John
Published: April 2004

We consider various Hilbert spaces of Dirichlet series whose norms are given by weighted

ℓ
2

\ell ^2

norms of the Dirichlet coefficients. We describe the multiplier algebras of these spaces. The functions in the multiplier algebra may or may not extend to be analytic on a larger half-plane than the functions in the Hilbert space.
Low-degree points on Hurwitz-Klein curves
Authors: Tzermias Pavlos
Published: April 2004

We investigate low-degree points on the Fermat curve of degree 13, the Snyder quintic curve and the Klein quartic curve. We compute all quadratic points on these curves and use Coleman’s effective Chabauty method to obtain bounds for the number of cubic points on each of the former two curves.
The peak algebra and the descent algebras of types B and D
Authors: Aguiar Marcelo , Bergeron Nantel , Nyman Kathryn
Published: April 2004

We show the existence of a unital subalgebra

P

n

\mathfrak {P}_n

of the symmetric group algebra linearly spanned by sums of permutations with a common peak set, which we call the peak algebra. We show that

P

n

\mathfrak {P}_n

is the image of the descent algebra of type B under the map to the descent algebra of type A which forgets the signs, and also the image of the descent algebra of type D. The algebra

P

n

\mathfrak {P}_n

contains a two-sided ideal

P

∘

n

\overset {\circ }{\mathfrak {P}}_n

which is defined in terms of interior peaks. This object was introduced in previous work by Nyman (2003); we find that it is the image of certain ideals of the descent algebras of types B and D. We derive an exact sequence of the form

0
→

P

∘

n

→

P

n

→

P

n
−
2

→
0

0\to \overset {\circ }{\mathfrak {P}}_n \to \mathfrak {P}_n\to \mathfrak {P}_{n-2}\to 0

. We obtain this and many other properties of the peak algebra and its peak ideal by first establishing analogous results for signed permutations and then forgetting the signs. In particular, we construct two new commutative semisimple subalgebras of the descent algebra (of dimensions

n
n

and

⌊

n
2

⌋
+
1
)

\lfloor \frac {n}{2}\rfloor +1)

by grouping permutations according to their number of peaks or interior peaks. We discuss the Hopf algebraic structures that exist on the direct sums of the spaces

P

n

\mathfrak {P}_n

and

P

∘

n

\overset {\circ }{\mathfrak {P}}_n

over

n
≥
0

n\geq 0

and explain the connection with previous work of Stembridge (1997); we also obtain new properties of his descents-to-peaks map and construct a type B analog.