bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kultus Hanuman: Pembawa Hujan dalam Naskah Merapi-Merbabu
Authors: Sumarno Sumarno , Anjani Anggita , Agusta Rendra
Published: September 2021

Hanuman adalah sosok yang dipuja cukup lama dalam tradisi Jawa Kuna. Dalam beberapa arca, Hanuman digambarkan sebagai sosok yang membawa keselamatan dan kedamaian. Selain itu, dalam kisah pewayangan Jawa baik Ramayana maupun Mahabarata, Hanuman juga dikenal sebagai ksatria-pandita. Ia berusia panjang dan terlibat dalam berbagai pertempuran baik dari perang Alengka, Bratayuda, sampai pertikaian keluarga Yawastina dan Mamenang. Dalam khazanah naskah Merapi-Merbabu ditemukan mantra pemanggil hujan yang secara khusus mengkultuskan tokoh Hanuman sebagai pembawa hujan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang menggunakan metode gabungan antara filologis dan etnografis untuk membahas hubungan teks-teks Merapi Merbabu terkait tokoh Hanuman. Selanjutnya, pembahasan teks diolah dengan data etnografis terkait ritual pemanggilan hujan yang masih berlangsung di kawasan Merapi-Merbabu dan keterkaitannya terhadap teks tentang teks Hanuman Merapi-Merbabu dan catatan yang lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Secara keseluruhan teks Darmawarsa berisi tentang perjalanan Sang Prtajala dan Sang Hyang Darmawarsa dalam mencapai anugrah dari Batara Guru. Dalam teks Darmawarsa ditemukan mantra terkait Hanuman sebagai sosok pembawa hujan. Relasi teks terkait sosok Hanuman yang dipercaya masyarakat Jawa sebagai pembawa hujan dan angin saat ini masih ditemukan pada masyarakat lereng Merapi-Merbabu. Perubahan kepercayaan masyarakat membuat ritual meminta hujan mengalami perubahan ke dalam bentuk baru yang disesuaikan dengan agama yang berkembang.
Ngèngèr (Suatu Model Pendidikan Karakter)
Authors: Mudjijono Mudjijono
Published: September 2021

Banyak pemahaman konsep kebudayaan yang dikemukakan oleh berbagai pemikir kebudayaan, satu di antaranya konsep kebudayaan yang lebih menekankan pada kebudayaan intangible. Pemahaman kebudayaan seperti itu sangat pas untuk mengkaji berbagai kebudayaan pada tataran nilai budaya, misalnya terkait pendidikan karakter, mengingat objek penelitian itu ada pada alam pikir. Pemahaman dan pembahasan pendidikan karakter pada anak merupakan hal yang sangat penting mengingat hal itu akan menjadi pondasi dan pegangannya dalam menjalani kehidupan di kelak kemudian hari. Berbagai pemikiran banyak yang menawarkan model pendidikan karakter. Hal itu memunculkan pemikiran, model pendidikan karakter yang bagaimana yang baik untuk diterapkan ? Walaupun sudah ada berbagai pemikiran dan semuanya sangat baik, namun masih ada satu pemikiran yang patut untuk dicermati, yakni ngèngèrsebagai sebuah agen pendidikan karakter. Ngèngèrdiartikan sebagai ngabdi, meloe marang wong liya dadi batoer. Dalam menjalani ngèngèrada ilmu yang didapat yang dapat dipergunakan untuk pegangan dalam menjalani hidup. Ada beberapa sekolah yang sangat cerdas mengaplikasikan konsep ngèngèrdalam kurikulum pendidikan sekolah, yaitu live in provesidan live in social. Pengamatan, wawancara, dan pustaka dilakukan untuk mencermati dan menggali pemahaman konsep di sekitar kehidupan dalam ngèngèr. Live in provesidan live in social diterapkan pada murid-murid SMA De Britto Yogyakarta denga menitipkan siswa pada penjual kerajinan dan tinggal bersama keluarga tukang sapu.
Evaluation of Environmental Noise Pollution (Traffic, Schools, Hospitals) and Noise Perception
Authors: Kasagıcı Betul , Ates Nuray
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, noise pollution, one of the crucial environmental problems as a result of increase in the population, has caused physical and psychological negativities in people's lives. The increase in the number of vehicles along with the population, the lack of infrastructure in the existing roads, misbehavior of the drivers due to the lack of education lead to an increase in noise pollution. The current study aimed to determine how much noise pollution that people are exposed to in traffic, schools and hospitals in Kayseri, one of the most important industrialized centers in Turkey with a population approximately 1.4 million. The levels of noise pollution averagely varied between 62-72 dBA in the streets and it is observed that the noise level changes depending on the vehicle intense in traffic. The noise levels in schools ranged from 41 to 57 dBA in the morning when window was closed that were higher than the regulation limit. The noise levels in hospitals were between 46 and 58 dBA when window is closed. The results of the survey conducted among a total of 153 people showed that noise was considered as environmental pollution by 98% in residential, 90% in schools and 73% in hospitals. The most noise-related health effects specified by the participants was the headache with 41% followed by frustrated and stressed with 24%
Các chỉ số đánh giá hiệu quả hoạt động của khu công nghiệp: Kinh nghiệm từ Trung Quốc và áp dụng tại TP.Hồ Chí Minh
Authors: Duy Nguyễn Khánh , Viên Nguyễn Văn , Hương Nguyễn Thị Lan , Bình Nguyễn Thanh , Khuyên Nguyễn Tấn , Hoài Nguyễn Trọng
Published: September 2021

Dựa trên kinh nghiệm thực tiễn của Trung Quốc, khuyến nghị của Tổ chức Phát triển Công nghiệp Liên Hiệp Quốc (UNIDO) và Bộ Kế hoạch & Đầu tư, và các nguồn dữ liệu khảo sát doanh nghiệp, nhóm nghiên cứu ước tính một số chỉ số hiệu quả về phát triển kinh tế (như giá trị gia tăng công nghiệp, giá trị gia tăng công nghiệp bình quân một đơn vị diện tích (hecta), tốc độ tăng (hoặc giảm) các chỉ số này) và thảo luận về các ngưỡng so sánh đối với 17 khu công nghiệp và khu chế xuất tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Kết quả nghiên cứu chính cho thấy phần lớn các khu công nghiệp, khu chế xuất trên địa bàn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh đạt được sự phát triển kinh tế ở mức hiệu quả trở lên (53% đến 76%, tùy thuộc chỉ số phân tích và ngưỡng so sánh). Kết quả nghiên cứu có thể hữu ích cho các ban quản lý khu công nghiệp, khu chế xuất khu công nghệ cao ở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, cũng như các địa phương ở Việt Nam và các bên liên quan trong việc xây dựng hệ thống giám sát và đánh giá các kế hoạch phát triển, và triển khai hoạt động xúc tiến thương mại và đầu tư hiệu quả hơn.
Mối quan hệ giữa chương trình hỗ trợ xuất khẩu, rào cản xuất khẩu và kết quả hoạt động xuất khẩu nông sản của các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa Việt Nam vào thị trường ASEAN+3
Authors: Đào Mai Xuân , Loan Nguyễn Thị Cẩm , Nhung Trần Thị Lan
Published: September 2021

Nghiên cứu này nhằm xây dựng và kiểm định mô hình mối quan hệ giữa các chương trình hỗ trợ xuất khẩu, rào cản xuất khẩu bên trong, rào cản xuất khẩu bên ngoài doanh nghiệp và kết quả hoạt động xuất khẩu của các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa (SMEs) xuất khẩu nông sản sang thị trường ASEAN+3 (ASEAN, Nhật Bản, Hàn Quốc, Trung Quốc) tại Việt Nam. Mô hình nghiên cứu đề xuất dựa vào nghiên cứu của Karakaya và Yannopoulos (2012). Nghiên cứu được tiến hành qua hai giai đoạn. Giai đoạn định tính để điều chỉnh thang đo. Giai đoạn nghiên cứu định lượng qua sử dụng phần mềm Smart-PLS để kiểm định các giả thuyết nghiên cứu và phân tích đa nhóm. Dữ liệu nghiên cứu được thu thập từ 212 SMEs xuất khẩu nông sản ở miền Nam, Trung và Tây Nguyên. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tồn tại mối quan hệ cùng chiều giữa các chương trình hỗ trợ xuất khẩu và kết quả hoạt động xuất khẩu. Bên cạnh đó, còn có sự khác biệt mối quan hệ giữa các chương trình hỗ trợ xuất khẩu và kết quả hoạt động xuất khẩu giữa doanh nghiệp xuất sang ASEAN so với Trung Quốc. Dựa trên kết quả nghiên cứu, một số hàm ý chính sách được đề xuất liên quan chương trình hỗ trợ xuất khẩu nhằm giúp SMEs xuất khẩu nông sản sang ASEAN+3 đạt kết quả tốt, góp phần giúp Việt Nam cân bằng cán cân thương mại với nhóm thị trường này.
Những yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thu nhập của hộ nông dân trồng lúa tại huyện Tân Hồng, tỉnh Đồng Tháp
Authors: Siêng Lâm Văn
Published: September 2021

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu nhằm phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thu nhập của hộ nông dân trồng lúa ở khu vực nông thôn huyện Tân Hồng, tỉnh Đồng Tháp. Dựa vào khung lý thuyết kinh tế học và thực tiễn thu nhập của hộ nông dân, tác giả xây dựng mô hình hồi quy tuyến tính đa biến để định lượng các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thu nhập của hộ nông dân trồng lúa. Nghiên cứu được tiến hành điều tra trực tiếp từ 200 hộ gia đình ở khu vực nông thôn huyện Tân Hồng. Các phương pháp phân tích được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu này là thống kê mô tả và hồi qui tuyến tính đa biến. Kết quả mô hình hồi quy cho thấy có bảy yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thu nhập của hộ nông dân trồng lúa bao gồm: (1) Diện tích đất nông nghiệp, (2) Quy mô vốn vay từ các tổ chức tín dụng, (3) Lao động tham gia sản xuất, (4) Trình độ học vấn của chủ hộ, (5) Chi phí sinh học, (6) Chi phí cơ giới và (7) Năng suất lúa.
Các nhân tố tác động đến nợ xấu của tổ chức tài chính vi mô: Nghiên cứu tại các quốc gia có thu nhập trung bình thấp
Authors: Tân Nguyễn Ngọc , Linh Nguyễn Trần Xuân , Hải Nguyễn Sơn , Ngân Huỳnh Thị Tuyết
Published: September 2021

Bài nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá tác động một số nhân tố đến nợ xấu của tổ chức tài chính vi mô tại 26 quốc gia có thu nhập trung bình thấp, giai đoạn 2014 – 2017. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy quy mô tổ chức tài chính vi mô, số lượng người vay vốn, tổng tài sản và tỷ lệ nợ trên vốn chủ sở hữu có tác động tiêu cực đến việc kiểm soát nợ xấu của tổ chức tài chính vi mô; trong khi đó, khách hàng vay vốn là nữ và khách hàng vay vốn ở khu vực nông thôn và số lượng chi nhánh giúp giảm nợ xấu của các tổ chức tài chính vi mô. Điều này hàm ý rằng, các cơ quan chuyên trách tại các quốc gia này nên tăng cường giám sát các tổ chức tài chính vi mô có nguồn vốn chủ sở hữu thấp nhằm đảm bảo sự hoạt động ổn định, bền vững của hệ thống tổ chức tài chính vi mô. Bên cạnh đó, tổ chức tài chính vi mô nên đẩy mạnh cho vay đối với nhóm khách hàng nữ, nó không chỉ đem lại lợi ích cho các tổ chức tài chính vi mô mà còn tác động tích cực về mặt xã hội khi nâng cao vai trò người phụ nữ trong xã hội.
Đặc điểm của giám đốc điều hành ảnh hưởng đến hiệu quả hoạt động công ty cổ phần niêm yết trên thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam qua các giai đoạn của vòng đời công ty
Authors: Huy Phạm Đức
Published: September 2021

Bài báo này sử dụng dữ liệu của 327 công ty cổ phần niêm yết trên thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 2012-2018. Đồng thời, kế thừa phương pháp phân loại vòng đời doanh nghiệp của Anthony và Ramesh (1992), tác giả phân loại dữ liệu các công ty thành các nhóm trong các giai đoạn của vòng đời doanh nghiệp, bao gồm: giai đoạn tăng trưởng (476 quan sát), giai đoạn trưởng thành (1373 quan sát) và giai đoạn suy thoái (440 quan sát). Kết quả nghiên cứu của bài báo này cho thấy các đặc điểm của giám đốc điều hành tác động khác nhau và có ý nghĩa thống kê đến hiệu quả hoạt động kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp trong từng giai đoạn của vòng đời doanh nghiệp. Kết quả của nghiên cứu này nhằm hỗ trợ các nhà quản lý, đặc biệt là Hội đồng quản trị có thêm thông tin về các tiêu chí của Tổng giám đốc để lựa chọn nhà quản lý cho phù hợp với từng giai đoạn phát triển của doanh nghiệp nhằm đạt hiệu quả cao trong công tác điều hành doanh nghiệp, chẳng hạn như kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng Chủ tịch hội đồng quản trị không kiêm nhiệm chức vụ Tổng giám đốc sẽ mang lại hiệu quả hoạt động cho doanh nghiệp, điều này ngụ ý rằng hai vị trí này cần phải lựa chọn đúng người đúng việc. Thêm vào đó, các yếu tố học vấn, giới tính nữ, tuổi đời của Tổng giám đốc cũng là những yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến hiệu quả hoạt động của doanh nghiệp do đó các yếu tố này cũng cần được quan tâm và xem xét một cách cẩn thận.
Ban kiểm soát và quản trị lợi nhuận: Bằng chứng thực nghiệm tại Việt Nam
Authors: Diễm Ngô Nhật Phương , Thư Trần Nguyễn Ngọc Anh , Khuê Dương Hoàng Ngọc , Thương Chu Thị , Nghi Trương Thảo , Nhi Nguyễn Thị Bích
Published: September 2021

Nghiên cứu sử dụng mẫu dữ liệu của 174 công ty niêm yết trong giai đoạn 2015 đến năm 2019 để xem xét tác động của ban kiểm soát đến hành vi quản trị lợi nhuận tại Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu sử dụng mô hình Dechow và cộng sự (1995) đo lường mức dồn tích bất thường đại diện cho hành vi quản trị lợi nhuận. Kết quả hồi quy đa biến cho thấy có 3 biến thuộc ban kiểm soát có tác động đến quản trị lợi nhuận: quy mô ban kiểm soát có tác động ngược chiều với quản trị lợi nhuận, thành viên độc lập, tần suất họp của ban kiểm soát có tác động cùng chiều với quản trị lợi nhuận. Đồng thời kết quả nghiên cứu chưa tìm thấy bằng chứng chứng minh mối tương quan giữa trình độ chuyên môn ban kiểm soát với quản trị lợi nhuận. Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu này cũng thừa nhận quy mô công ty có mối tương quan cùng chiều với quản trị lợi nhuận nhưng hệ số nợ, dòng tiền thuần từ hoạt động kinh doanh có mối tương quan ngược chiều với quản trị lợi nhuận.
Tác động của giá trị chức năng, xã hội và cảm xúc đối với ý định chơi lại game: Vai trò điều tiết của cường độ sử dụng
Authors: Quân Đặng Hoàng Minh , Giao Phạm Ngọc Kim
Published: September 2021

Nghiên cứu nhằm kiểm định vai trò điều tiết của mật độ chơi game lên các mối quan hệ của giá trị chức năng, xã hội và cảm xúc đối với ý định chơi lại trò chơi nhập vai trực tuyến nhiều người chơi (Massively multiplayer online role-playing games - MMORPs). Để xây dựng mô hình nghiên cứu, tác giả sử dụng lý thuyết ý định hành vi của người tiêu dùng và học thuyết giá trị cảm nhận. Mẫu khảo sát gồm 223 người chơi game từ 18 đến 35 tuổi tại Việt Nam. Sử dụng thống kê mô tả, kiểm định độ tin cậy thang đo, phân tích nhân tố khám phá (EFA) và hồi quy (OLS) với biến tương tác, kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy nhân tố ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ nhất đến ý định chơi lại game là giá trị cảm xúc; sau đó là nhân tố giá trị xã hội và cuối cùng là giá trị chức năng. Ngoài ra, sự tác động điều tiết của cường độ chơi game sẽ làm suy yếu mối quan hệ giữa giá trị xã hội và ý định chơi lại game. Kết quả nghiên cứu là cơ sở giúp các nhà quản trị trong ngành công nghiệp game tham chiếu nhằm đưa ra các giải pháp liên quan đến hành vi người chơi game, góp phần mở rộng thị phần và nâng cao hiệu quả kinh doanh.
https://oarjst.com/ArchiveIssue-2021-Vol2-Issue1
Authors: Roger Batubenga  , FélicienLuyeyeLukoki  , Jeff BekomoIteku  , Daddy KilesheKanika  , Esther KinyanoMwambay  , GédéonNgialaBongo  , ChapyBafitaMukaya  , Simon MpulusuDibaluka
Published: September 2021

The present study is a contribution to the improvement of knowledge on fungal species of food and medicinal interest, their frequency of appreciation and consumption as well as their uses. The mycological surveys were carried out between August 10 and November 10, 2020. During this study, we used the survey-participation technique thru an interview. Participants were randomly selected and the sample size was 138. The focus was mainly on the description of macroscopic characters, to identify various taxa encountered. Data coding, analysis, and processing were done with Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS version 20.0The statistical analysis was based on association tests of Chi-square and Pearson correlation, at 5%. The findings show that22 taxa of fungi grouped in 5 families divided into 3 orders were listed. Termito mycesgenus was the most represented with 11 species. These species are used as food and as source of drugs. Statistical analysis revealed that the taxa of Termitomyces and Auriculariawere the most appreciated. Taxa of Termitomyces were considered by the majority of respondents to be the most valued while Auricularia are considered to be the most popular all year round, followed by Schizophyllum commune. Statistical analysis did not show any link between age groups and frequency of appreciation We found that the proportion of respondents' gender profiles is predominantly female, which are also involved in mushroom-related activities in this area. However, statistical analysisshowed that women are very highly significantly related to the mycological activity profiles listed. The endogenous mycological knowledge held by the population of Mont-Ngafula, is a good start for constituting the fungal database of Kinshasa city. This study is only the beginning of a research that can be extended to the whole city and other Congolese provinces. In the future, research should be initiated on the inventory of edible and/or medicinal mushrooms of the city of Kinshasa.
Dios como “sujeto” de la teología: su relevancia en una cultura postcristiana y postsecular
Authors: Cura Elena Santiago del
Published: September 2021

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Le lettere
Authors:   Medico e Bambino
Published: September 2021

Medico e Bambino ricorda Gino Strada - Bambini al museo - Valutazione preliminare della fecondità in Italia durante il lockdown 2020 - Cari bambini, cari ragazzi buonritorno a scuola!
Owner Perceptions of Long-Term Systemic Use of Subcutaneous Administration of Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan
Authors: Varcoe Gabriella , Tomlinson Julia , Manfredi Jane
Published: September 2021

Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG) is a slow-acting disease-modifying agent used to treat degenerative joint disease. Although labeled for intramuscular use, it is commonly given by owners via a subcutaneous (SC) route. There is little information on adverse events related to SC administration or what other therapies are used concurrently with PSGAG. We hypothesized that SC PSGAG is perceived by owners as having minimal adverse events and that it would most often be given with other therapies. Owners (n = 378) were surveyed about their perceptions regarding SC PSGAG prescribed to dogs at one veterinary rehabilitation clinic. Complete surveys were provided for 69 dogs (two owners had multiple dogs). Overall, 13/69 (18.8%) dogs had an adverse event reported during the use of PSGAG. Most events were considered minor (stomach upset, loose stool, pain at injection site, fear) and did not lead to discontinuation of PSGAG. One dog experienced a moderate adverse event (persistent gastrointestinal symptoms) and one a severe adverse event (thrombocytopenia, bruising), which resolved after discontinuing PSGAG. PSGAG is most commonly administered along with other medications and rehabilitation therapies. The present study demonstrates that SC administration of PSGAG is well tolerated in most of the dogs, with primarily mild, self-resolving adverse events.
Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Its Impact on Job Satisfaction and Perceived Job Performance: Evidence from Afghanistan
Authors:   Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, Waheed Abdul , Gul Shabana ,   Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, Riaz Muhammad Khan ,   COMSATS University, Attock, Pakistan, Naeem Muhammad ,   Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
Published: September 2021

The study investigated the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSDand its impact on job satisfaction and perceived job performance in faculty members of private universities in Kabul, Afghanistan. The country has been affected by wars since 1979 USSR invasion, then civil war and now by ongoing war on terror. Utilizing questionnaires as data collection tool, 126 complete responses were received from six universities. Using a threshold score with help from literature, it was found out that in 65.08% respondents PTSD prevailed. The results showed that PTSD has significant negative impacts on job satisfaction and perceived job performance. Conclusively, the study suggests some recommendations for policy makers, especially the concerned institutions of the government of Afghanistan and the management of universities. These recommendations would help the concerned authorities to come up with certain solution plans, policies and strategies to cope up with the problem and reduce the level of PTSD and enhanced the psychological wellbeing of the faculty. This in return would help them attract some experienced professionals from across the globe and retain the current pool of talent for providing quality education to the citizens of Afghanistan which can help in paving the way to an educated and developed Afghanistan. Facilitating their safety and security can lead to a safe and secure mind without PTSD that can lead to increased productivity, loyalty and commitment which ultimately contribute to achieving organizational short and long run goals
Antecedents of Brand Loyalty in Beverage Industry of Pakistan, Moderating Role of Brand Image
Authors:   Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Javed Muhammad , Shahzad Khurram ,   Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: September 2021

The aim of the current study was to examine a few antecedents of brand loyalty, such as brand awareness, perceived quality, especially focusing on the moderating role of brand image. The data were collected using survey method and statistical techniques such as correlation and regression were used for analysis and interpretation of the said data. The results indicated a positive relationship between perceived quality and brand loyalty but a negative relationship between brand awareness and brand loyalty. Additionally, no moderation has been found between brand awareness, perceived quality and brand loyalty due to brand image. Furthermore, perceived quality is found to be a determinant of brand loyalty. Overall, these results demonstrated that the influence on brand loyalty varies across various variables of study. Results from this study contribute to the marketing and brand managers seeking to improve their understanding of the ever growing brand loyalty topic
Impact of Intellectual Property Rights Institutional Quality and Financial Development on Foreign Direct Investment - Evidence from Developing Countries
Authors:   Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, Farooq Palwasha Farooq , Hassan Arshad ,   Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, Ahmed Junaid ,   Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: September 2021

The current study explores the impact of intellectual property right, financial development and institutional quality on foreign direct investment. Data of patent index were used as a proxy of intellectual property right. Financial development index and institutional quality variables were taken from ICRG for the period of 1980- 2016, by applying pooled OLS, fixed test. Sample of 123 developing countries data set were used. The results are consistent with theory of OLI presented by Dunning 1979. The results explain more than 70 percent of FDI significance level is explained by these proxies. The only paper that identifies Patent right index is by Park (2008) that took patent index from 1960-2005. Furthermore, work is under taken where the patent right variables are taken as independent variables. On the contrary previous studies have empirically examined the effect of patent proxy effect on the creativity, innovations and the dissemination of the technology transfer. This study differs because patent index is included with institutional quality variables. Beside this the high level financial development is a catalyst in attracting FDI. Moreover, the FDI is higher in military regime, which is due to higher level of dis stability regime in the country. However, results shows that developing countries can improve regulatory quality by maintaining bureaucracy and accountability to enable them to take advantage from the external finance which further boosts the growth of economy
One year of COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and lessons learnt on the transfusion of convalescent plasma to COVID-19 patients
Authors: Mangwana Sadhana
Published: September 2021

No Abstract
Analisis Kompetensi Manajerial Pejabat Struktural Di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Manado
Authors: Langkai Jeane
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisis tentang kompetensi manajerial pejabat struktural Fakultas Ilmu Sosial UNIMA melalui tersedianya:a).dataprofil pejabatstructuralbaiksoftwaremaupun hardware, b). mendeskripsi dan menganalisis profil pejabat structural. Urgensi keutamaan penelitian adalah bahwa kompetensi manajerial pejabat struktural diatur melalui PP No.11 Tahun 2017 yang disebut dengan Kebijakan Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang menetapkan tiga kompetensi yakni: Kompetensi Teknis, Kompetensi Manajerial dan Kompetensi Sosial Kultural dimana ketiga kompetensi tersebut harus dimiliki pejabat sruktural sebagai kewajiban dalam melayani public [1]. Belum dilaksanakanya kompetensi pejabat sruktural akan berdampak pada lemaknya hasil kerja dan berlanjut pada tertundanya proses administrative yang mengganggu kelancaran proses dan target caaian lulusan yang dihasilkan pada FIS UNIMA. Kegiatan dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1.melakukan survey lapangan tentang pelaksanaan tugas pokok dan fungsi yang terlaksanan oleh pejabat struktural, 2.Melakukan FGD dengan pimpinan fakultas, prodi, dosen dan mahasiswa 3.melakukan deskripsi profil , 4.menyusun laporan, 5. menyususn artikel Luaran dari kegiatan penelitian ini adalah: 1.Data analisis kompetensi manajerial pejabat structural, 2.Data profil kebutuhan pelatihan manajerial, 3. Deskripsi profil pejabat struktural, 4. .Laporan hasil penelitian, 5.Artikel yang tersubmit pada jurnal nasional terakreditasi.
Kebijakan Pembangunan Berbasisi Lingkungan di Kota Manado
Authors: Tumbel Goinpeace
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan, menganalisis dan menginterpretasikan pelaksanaan kebijakan pembangunan berbasis lingkungan di Kota Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian adalah studi kasus. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah lurah, pimpinan Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kelurahan (LPM), Kepala Lingkungan, Kelompok Masyarakat Mapalus (KMM) di Lingkungan dan Fasilitator/ pendamping. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif menurut Milles dan Huberman, yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi, penyajian dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa Dalam Pengambilan Keputusan di Desa Bakun Kecamatan Loloda Kebupaten Halmahera Barat
Authors: Kotalaha Norlin , Wawointana Thelma , Langkai Jeane
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gaya kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dalam mengambil keputusan di desa Bakun Kecamatan Loloda Kabupaten Halmahera Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan fokus pada Gaya kepemimpiana Kepala Desa dalam Pengamgambilan Keputusan di Desa Bakun kecamatan Loloda Kabupaten Halmahera Barat. Data wawancara diperoleh dari Kepala urusan Umum, Ketua Badan Pemberdayaan Desa, Tokoh Adat , Tokoh masyarakat. Dokumentasi, tentang struktur organisasi perangkat Desa Bakun, data tersebut dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan kepala desa cenderung bergaya otoriter, belum mengkomunikasikan apa yang diharapkan dari mereka, cenderung belum mendukung, pemimpin bersifat ramah terhadap bawahannya, atau gaya kepemimpinan yang perlu memandang dan melaksanakan dalam dua dimensi yakni mengarahkan, beorintasi produk,dan berjuang pada gaya kepemimpinan otokratis dan mendukung berorintasi pada bahawan dan berjaung pada tipe kepemimpinan bebas kendali. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan kepala desa Bakun Kecamatan Halmahera Barat : a).belum berorientasi pada tugas sebagaimana yang ditetapkan dalam peraturan tentang kepala desa, b). belum mementingkan hubungan kerjasama, c). belum berorientasi pada bawahan.
Akuntabilitas Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Di Kantor Kementerian Agama Kota Manado
Authors: Polihu Nona
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis Akuntabilitas Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Di Kantor Kementerian Agama Kota Manado. Fokus Penelitian terkait dengan Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara dan Pengawasan Internal dilingkungan Kementerian Agama Kota Manado, Metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Dari Penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa : Masih belum terlalu dipahaminya landasan ukuran ataupun aturan yang dipakai untuk ASN dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya dan adanya Pegawai ASN yang masih lambat dalam menjalankan TUPOKSInya. ASN yang ada masih kurang menjalankan target kerja secara maksimal sehingga hasil kerja belum bisa dicapai karena adanya tindakan pelanggaran oleh ASN bahkan mengabaikan prosuder ataupun TUPOKSI yang telah diberikan kepada ASN.
PERILAKU KRIMINAL REMAJA DAN PENANGANANNYA
Authors: Syam Suehartono , Hasrin Awaluddin , Pontororing Hans F.
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengkaji tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengerahi remaja bertindak kriminal dan bagaimana bentuk penanganannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode penelitian kualitatif, subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang yang berasal dari LPKA Tomohon yang merupakan anak yang telah terlibat tindak criminal dan sedang menjalani proses pembinaan. Penentuan subjek menggunak snowball sampling, pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, display data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi remaja melakukan tindak criminal yaitu life stile (mabuk-mabukan), broken home, self control rendah, dan pengetahuan seks rendah. Bentuk penanganan yang dilakukan menggunakan dua jenis yaitu penangan penal dan non penal. Implikasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perlu dilakukan langkah pencengahan dan pengentasan dari keluarga, sekolah, dan masyarakat
Neutronic analysis of fuel pin design for the long-life core in a pressurized water reactor
Authors: Hoang Van Khanh , Tran Vinh Thanh , Cao Dinh Hung , Pham Nhu Viet Ha
Published: September 2021

This work presents the neutronic analysis of fuel design for a long-life core in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). In order to achieve a high burnup, a high enrichment U-235 is traditionally considered without special constraints against proliferation. To counter the excess reactivity, Erbium was selected as a burnable poison due to its good depletion performance. Calculations based on a standard fuel model were carried out for the PWR type core using SRAC code system. A parametric study was performed to quantify the neutronically achievable burnup at a number of enrichment levels and for a numerous geometries covering a wide design space of lattice pitch. The fuel temperature and coolant temperature reactivity coefficients as well as the small and large void reactivity coefficients are also investigated. It was found that it is possible to achieve sufficient criticality up to 100 GWd/tHM burnup without compromising the safety parameters.
Preperation of nanochitosan from radiation degraded oligochitosan for shelf life extension of strawberry
Authors: Nguyen Trong Hoanh Phong , Le Xuan Cuong , Nguyen Duy Hang , Nguyen Tan Man , Nguyen Minh Hiep , Tran Thi Thuy , Le Huu Tu , Nguyen Tuong Ly Lan , Le Van Toan , Pham Thi Sam , Tran Thi Tam , Vu Ngoc Boi
Published: September 2021

Oligochitosans (OCT) were prepared from chitosan (CTS) by gamma irradiation technique. The parameters affecting to the chitosan degradation were studied. And then, OCT nanoparticles wereformed using the method of tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linking. Effect of concentration and molecular weight of OCT, concentration of TPP on particle size of the formed OCT nanoparticles were also studied. The formation of OCT nanoparticles was verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), the morphology was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the characteristics (particle size and zeta potential) of OCT nanoparticles were also studied. The effect of OCT nanoparticles on strawberry presevation was carried out using the coating method. Results showed that an increase in radiation dose resulted in a decrease of chitosan molecular weight. The OCT with molecular weight of approximately 7.7 kDa was obtained by the synergistic effect of hydrogen peroxide (5 %, v/v) and gamma ray at dose of 30 kGy. The smaller OCT nanoparticles was obtained with a lower molecular weight of OCT. The results of FTIR, DSC indicated the success in the formation of OCT nanoparticles with the particle size approximately 129.9 nm, with the spherical shape. The application of OCT nanoparticles on strawberry has prolonged the preservation times approximately 2.5 times higher comp
The effect of Combined Treatment with Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate and Electron Beam Irradiation in Controlling Mold (Lasiodiplodia theobromae) on Star Apples
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ly , Doan Thi The , Pham Nguyen Phuong Anh , Cao Van Chung , Dinh Thi Anh Tuyet , Le Thi Thao , Do Thi Thuy , Trinh Khanh Son
Published: September 2021

Lasiodiplodia theobromae causes decay of star apple fruits (Chrysophyllum cainino) during harvest, transport and storage. If the irradiation dose is higher than 800 Gy, this mold will be controlled. However, the quality of star apple was significantly changed when they were irradiated at the dose higher than 0.6 kGy by electron beam (EB). To keep irradiation dose under 0.6kGy, the synergic effect of the combined treatment of EB irradiation and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) was investigated. In this study, star apples were pretreated with NaDCC concentrations in range of 10 -70 ppm in order to decrease the growth of mold and extend the shelf-life of treated star apples. The results showed that pretreatment with 20 ppm NaDCC had also kept the color and reduced disease of stored star apple. Dipping star apples into 20 ppm NaDCC solution before irradiating at 400 Gy and 600 Gy could be chosen as the best way to inhibit the development of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and extend the shelf life of star apple in the trading condition (7 days, 9oC).
Calculation of neutronic characteristics in different reflector materials with a 15-MWt reactor core using VVR-KN fuel type
Authors: Bui Phuong Nam , Huynh Ton Nghiem , Nguyen Nhi Dien , Le Vinh Vinh
Published: September 2021

VVR-KN is one of the low enriched fuel types intended for a research reactor of a new Centre for Nuclear Energy Science and Technology (CNEST) of Viet Nam. As a part of design orientation for the new research reactor, the calculations of neutronic characteristics in a reactor core reflector using different materials were carried out. The investigated core configuration is a 15-MWt power loaded with VVR-KN fuel assemblies and surrounded by a reflector using beryllium, heavy water or graphite respectively. MCNP5 code together with up-to-date nuclear data libraries were used for these calculations. This paper presents the calculation results of neutron energy spectrum, neutron spatial distribution in the reflector using the above-mentioned materials. Besides, neutronic characteristics calculated for silicon doping irradiation holes in the reflector are also presented and the utilization capabilities of different reflector materials are discussed.
Studies on some of mechanical properties of SS304L material under different heat treatment conditions
Authors: Hoang Nhuan , Nguyen Thi Thuc Phuong , Hoang Xuan Thi , Tran Xuan Vinh , Hoang Thi Tuyen
Published: September 2021

In the PWR pressure water reactor (PWR), stainless steel is used in many important parts in both primary and secondary water circuits. There are not enough necessary condition to experiment in extremly conditons of nuclear reactor, such as high temperature, high pressure in radiation environment in Vietnam. Therefore, in order to study the world's technology for evaluating metal materials, it is necessary to have basic research on SS304 stainless steel objects. This study deals with SS304L stainless steel, which is low carbon steel used in nuclear power plants. The material used in this work was stainless steel 304 with low C content (SS304L). AISI stainless steel 304L plates were cut by wire-cutting machine into standard specimens and then heat-treated under different conditions. Finally, the post-treated specimens were tested by Rockwell hardness tester, tensile strength tester, and Charpy impact tester to verify the mechanical properties. The results showed that when heating the specimens in the range of 300÷900oC, cooling in the furnace to the room temperature, the value of hardness changed insignificantly. When increasing heating temperature, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength values of the specimens decreased while the relative elongation values were almost unchanged. It means that under tested heat treatment conditions, the higher the heating temperature is, the worse mechanical properties are. The reason for this might be the appearance of the brittle sigma phase. Heat treatment results of SS304 specimens with the normalizing conditions at 900oC also shows the possibility to remove the sigma phase in the steel composition.
A procedure of determining carbon-13 composition in soil organic carbon on an Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hong Thinh , Vu Hoai , Ha Lan Anh , Trinh Van Giap , Nguyen Van Vuong
Published: September 2021

In this study, a procedure of determining the 13C isotope composition ([13C]/[12C]) in soil organic carbon (SOC) using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) was developed. The procedure would be a useful approach in the studies on carbon sequestration that is of great concern among environmentalists worldwide nowadays. The procedure includes: drying, crushing, sifting and removing carbonate in soil samples before the analysis on the mass spectrometer. Results showed that the developed procedure gained a good repeatability of 0.21 ‰. The accuracy of the procedure was checked by analyzing a surrogate soil sample, a mixture of soil with known δ13CSOC and IAEA-CH-3 cellulose standard.
Calculation of critical core configurations of a research reactor using MTR, IRT-4M, VVR-KN fuel assemblies
Authors: Tran Quoc Duong , Nguyen Nhi Dien , Huynh Ton Nghiem , Nguyen Kien Cuong , Nguyen Minh Tuan
Published: September 2021

This paper presents calculation results to determine critical core configurations and aminimum number of fuel assemblies (FAs) or uranium mass of a research reactor loaded with three types of FAs such as MTR, IRT-4M and VVR-KN. The MCNP5 code and ENDF/B7.1 library were applied to estimate characteristics parameters of the fuel types and the whole core. Infinitive multiplication factor kinf, neutron flux distribution and neutron spectra of the fuels were calculated. The reactor core configurations with three fuel types were modeled in 3-dimensions, and then the effective multiplication factors keff, relative radial power distribution of each configuration were also evaluated. From calculation results, twelve fuel loading schemes were chosen based on lowest uranium mass or smallest number of FAs loaded into the core. In addition, two full core configurations using VVR-KN and MTR FAs and consisting of beryllium reflectors, vertical irradiation facilities, horizontal neutron beam ports, etc. have been proposed for further consideration in thermal hydraulic calculations and safety analysis.
Application of correlation pattern recognition technique for neutron– gamma discrimination in the EJ-301 liquid scintillation detector
Authors: Phan Van Chuan , Truong Van Minh , Bui Thanh Trung , Nguyen Thi Phuc , Tran Ngọc Dieu Quynh
Published: September 2021

The ability to distinguish between neutrons and gamma-rays is important in the fast - neutron detection, especially when using the scintillation detector. A dual correlation pattern recognition (DCPR) method that was based on the correlation pattern recognition technique has been developed for classification of neutron/gamma events from a scintillation detector. In this study, an EJ-301 liquid scintillation (EJ301) detector was used to detect neutrons and gamma-rays from the 60Co and 252Cf sources; the EJ301 detector's pulses were digitized by a digital oscilloscope and its pulse-shape discriminant (PSD) parameters were calculated by the correlation pattern recognition (CPR) method with the reference neutron and gamma-ray pulses. The digital charge integration (DCI) method was also used as a reference-method for comparison with DCPR method. The figure-ofmerit (FOM) values which were calculated in the 50 ÷ 1100 keV electron equivalent (keVee) region showed that the DCPR method outperformed the DCI method. The FOMs of 50, 420 and 1000 keVee thresholds of DCPR method are 0.82 , 2.2 and 1.62, which are 1.55, 1.77, and 1.1 times greater than the DCI method, respectively.
Estimation of effective radiation dose for households living in rare earth mines in Nam Xe, Lai Chau province
Authors: Nguyen Van Dung , Dao Dinh Thuan , Nguyen Hao Quang
Published: September 2021

According to the United Nations Scientific Council on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), the global average dose level for the community is 2.4mSv/year. People living in the areas with high levels of radiation will cause adverse effects on their health. There are two main components that cause the dose of radiation, mainly due to the inhalation of radon and the extra dose of gamma radiation. The paper presents the results of assessment of natural effective radiation doses on the basis of the projected outpatient dosimetry in 70 households living in Mau and Mo village of Nam Xe, Phong Tho distrist, Lai Chau province.
Effect of morphological algorithms on medical imaging
Authors: Phan Viet Cuong , Ho Thi Thao , Le Tuan Anh , Nguyen Hong Ha , Ha Quang Thanh
Published: September 2021

Handling and improving the quality of medical images with the help of computer software is one of the important stages in the diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we focus on describing the new morphological algorithms by ITK (Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit). These morphological operators eliminate noise, detect good edges, and overcome the drawback of traditional edge detection methods.
Development of an alpha fast-slow coincidence counter for analysis of ²²³Ra and ²²⁴Ra in seawater
Authors: Chau Thi Nhu Quynh , Pham Ngoc Tuan , Tran Anh Khoi , Tuong Thi Thu Huong
Published: September 2021

An alpha fast-slow coincidence counter has been designed and manufactured for measuring the low alpha activities of 223Ra and 224Ra in the seawater. In this work, Radium from the seawater was absorbed onto a column of MnO2 coated fiber (Mn fiber). The short-lived Rn daughters of 223Ra and 224Ra which recoil from the Mn fiber are swept into a scintillation detector where alpha decays of Rn and Po occur. Signals from the detector are sent to a delayed coincidence circuit which discriminates decays of the 224Ra daughters, 220Rn and 216Po, from decays of the 223Ra daughters, 219Rn and 215Po.
Hydrothermal synthesis and characteristics of lanthanumdoped Pb(Zr₀.₆₅Ti ₀.₃₅)O₃ ceramics
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Thuy , Nguyen Van Tung , Nguyen Trong Hung , Cao Duy Minh
Published: September 2021

Lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) powders were synthesized using thehydrothermal method. The influence of pH, reaction temperature and time, lanthanum concentration on the formation and characteristics of PLZT were investigated. Obtained powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques and a dielectric analyzer. The results showed that Pb1-xLax(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 with x= 0.0 – 0.1 were well formed under conditions: pH≥13, reaction time of 12hrs, reaction temperature of 180oC. Dielectric constant of PLZT is higher than PZT. The grain size of the PLZT is found to be 1–3.5 µm.
Using a delayed coincidence counting system to determine ²²³Ra, ²²⁴Ra in seawater sample
Authors: Vo Thi Mong Tham , Phan Son Hai , Nguyen Van Phuc , Nguyen Minh Dao , Phan Quang Trung , Le Xuan Thang , Nguyen Thi Huong Lan
Published: September 2021

A Radium Delayed Coincidence Counter (RaDeCC) includes 3 channels (223Ra channel,224Ra channel, and total channel). It has been newly designed and assembled at Nuclear Research Institute. To determine 223Ra and 224Ra in seawater samples, the system efficiency at all 3 channels were investigated and calibrated. The research results showed that the RaDeCC operates stably and reliably with high efficiency of 26%. In this project, a procedure for measuring short half-life radium isotopes was established with a low detection limit (LOD (223Ra) = 0.002 Bq; LOD (224Ra) = 0.01 Bq), good reproducibility, and high precision. The technique is suitable for qualitative analysis of 223Ra, 224Ra in seawater samples at low concentration. The 11 coastal water samples were collected in a coastal of Ninh Thuan province. The analytical data of short-lived radium isotopes concentration in seawater at Ninh Thuan coastal area are 11.2 × 10-3 ÷ 45.5 × 10-3 mBq/L for 223Ra, and 34.7 × 10-2 ÷ 21.9 × 10-1 mBq/L for 224Ra.
Identification of some nucleotide mutations in Waxy gene (BGIOSGA022241) of a mutant rice line
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hong , Yoshikazu Tanaka , Vo Thi Minh Tuyen , Le Huy Ham
Published: September 2021

Waxy genes of the original variety and its mutant type were sequenced by Sanger method and compared through Nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTN) to clarify differences. BLASTN result showed four nucleotide mutations in coding regions and 59 nucleotide mutations in noncoding regions. Four point mutations in coding regions were: the deletion of T/- at position 34 and the insertion of -/T between positions 70 and 71 in exon 3; the substitution of C/T at position 14 in exon 4 and the substitution of T/C at position 115 in exon 9. In 59 mutant nucleotides in non-coding regions, some significant alterations were list: the deletion of nucleotide G at the first of intron 6 and the addition of 32 nucleotides “GGGCCTGCGAAGAACTGGGAGAATGTGCTCCT” at the end of intron 12. For the first trial, a new DNA marker was developed based on the mutation C/T at at position 14 in exon 4 and the substitution of T/C at position 115 in exon 9 to improve efficiency of rice breeding relevant to Waxy gene.
Particle identification for neutron rich nuclei ⁶³,⁶⁵Cr from knockout reactions
Authors: N. D. Ton , L. X. Chung , A. Corsi , A. Gillibert , P. D. Khue , B. D. Linh , A. Obertelli
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the identification for 63,65Cr isotopes as the products of knockoutreactions for the first time, measured at RIKEN, Japan, within the framework of the “Shell Evolution And Search for Two-plus energies At RIBF” (RIBF- Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory) project, in short SEASTAR. Based on the Bρ-ΔE-ToF method, these nuclei were well separated. The results will be used in the spectroscopic study on 63,65Cr contributing data to the structural study around the N=40 “island of inversion”.
Design of an irradiation rig using screen method for silicon transmutation doping at the Dalat research reactor
Authors: Pham Quang Huy , Nguyen Nhi Dien , Nguyen Kien Cuong , Tran Quoc Duong , Vo Doan Hai Dang , Trang The Dat , Trang The Dat
Published: September 2021

The neutron transmutation doping of silicon (NTD-Si) at research reactors has beensuccessfully implemented in many countries to produce high-quality semiconductors. In the late 1980s, NTD-Si has been tested at the Dalat Nuclear Research Reactor (DNRR) but the results have been limited. Therefore, the design and testing of an irradiation rig for NTD-Si at the DNRR are necessary to have a better understanding in order to apply the NTD-Si in a new research reactor of the Research Centre for Nuclear Science and Technology (RCNEST), which has planned to be built in Viet Nam. This paper presents the design and testing of a new irradiation rig using screen method for testing NTD-Si at the DNRR. The important parameters in the rig such as neutron spectrum and thermal neutron flux distribution were determined by both calculation using MCNP5 computer code and experiment. The aluminum ingots, which have similar neutronic characteristics with silicon ingots, were irradiated in the rig to verify the appropriate design. The uniformity of thermal neutron flux in the rig is less than 5% in axial and 2% in radial directions, respectively. However, the thermal/fast flux ratio of the irradiation rig is 4.38/1 would affect target resistivity of testing Silicon ingots after irradiation.