bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting latent topics and trends in blended learning using LDA topic modeling
Authors: Yin Bin , Yuan Chih-Hung
Published: June 2022

With the rapid application of blended learning around the world, a large amount of literature has been accumulated. The analysis of the main research topics and development trends based on a large amount of literature is of great significance. To address this issue, this paper collected abstracts from 3772 eligible papers published between 2003 and 2021 from the Web of Science core collection. Through LDA topic modeling, abstract text content was analyzed, then 7 well-defined research topics were obtained. According to the topic development trends analysis results, the emphasis of topic research shifted from the initial courses about health, medicine, nursing, chemistry and mathematics to learning key elements such as learning outcomes, teacher factors, and presences. Among 7 research topics, the popularity of presences increased significantly, while formative assessment was a rare topic requiring careful intervention. The other five topics had no significant increase or decrease trends, but still accounted for a considerable proportion. Through word cloud analysis technology, the keyword characteristics of each stage and research focus changes of research were obtained. This study provides useful insights and implications for blended learning related research.
Genetic variation and QTL analysis of saturated fatty acids in two doubled haploid populations of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Yusuf Abdusaheed Olabisi , Richter Jan-Christoph , Möllers Christian
Published: June 2022

Consumption of foodstuff with low contents of saturated fatty acids is considered beneficial for human health. Reducing saturated fatty acid content in oilseed rape (canola) and other oil and protein crops is a relevant breeding aim. The objective of this work was to study the genetic variation and inheritance of saturated fatty acids in two DH populations of oilseed rape, to map QTL and to identify candidate genes. In addition, the correlation to other seed quality traits was studied. To this end, two half-sib DH populations were tested in up to five field environments in north-western Europe and seeds harvested from open-pollinated seeds were analyzed. Genotyping was performed using Illumina Brassica 15 K SNP chip. In both populations, significant effects for the genotypes and for the environments were detected, and heritability ranged from 68 to 89% for the predominant palmitic acid and stearic acid content. Up to 48 QTL for different fatty acids, oil and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content were mapped in the two populations. Co-locating QTL for palmitic acid, stearic acid, the C16/18 fatty acid ratio, the FATB/A ratio, oil and ADL content were identified on different chromosomes. A large number of candidate genes were identified within the vicinity of QTL flanking markers. Identification of several co-locating QTL positions, of associated candidate genes and SNP markers should facilitate oilseed rape breeding for low saturated fatty acid content.
Derivation from Bloch Equation to von Neumann Equation to Schrödinger–Pauli Equation
Authors: Wang Lihong V.
Published: June 2022

The transition from classical physics to quantum mechanics has been mysterious. Here, we mathematically derive the space-independent von Neumann equation for electron spin from the classical Bloch equation. Subsequently, the space-independent Schrödinger–Pauli equation is derived in both the quantum mechanical and recently developed co-quantum dynamic frameworks.
Bacterial Species Associated with Highly Allergenic Plant Pollen Yield a High Level of Endotoxins and Induce Chemokine and Cytokine Release from Human A549 Cells
Authors: Ambika Manirajan Binoy , Hinrichs Ann-Kathrin , Ratering Stefan , Rusch Volker , Schwiertz Andreas , Geissler-Plaum Rita , Eichner Gerrit , Cardinale Massimiliano , Kuntz Sabine , Schnell Sylvia
Published: June 2022

Sensitization to pollen allergens has been increasing in Europe every year. Most studies in this field are related to climate change, phenology, allergens associated with different pollens, and allergic disorders. As a plant microhabitat, pollen is colonized by diverse microorganisms, including endotoxin-producing bacteria which may contribute to pollen allergy (pollinosis). Therefore, bacteria isolated from high allergenic and low allergenic plant pollen, as well as the pollen itself with all microbial inhabitants, were used to assess the effect of the pollen by measuring the endotoxins lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) concentrations and their effect on chemokine and cytokine release from transwell cultured epithelial A549 cells as a model of epithelial lung barrier. High allergenic pollen showed a significantly higher level of bacterial endotoxins; interestingly, the endotoxin level found in the bacterial isolates from high allergenic pollen was significantly higher compared to that of bacteria from low allergenic pollen. Moreover, bacterial LPS concentrations across different pollen species positively correlated with the LPS concentration across their corresponding bacterial isolates. Selected bacterial isolates from hazel pollen (HA5, HA13, and HA7) co-cultured with A549 cells induced a potent concentration-dependent release of the chemokine interleukin-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 as well as the cytokine TNF-alpha and interleukin-2 to both apical and basal compartments of the transwell model. This study clearly shows the role of bacteria and bacterial endotoxins in the pollen allergy as well as seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Viscoelastic Characterization and Degradation Stability Investigation of Poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) – Calcium-Phosphate Glass Composites
Authors: Togliatti Elena , Milanese Daniel , Pugliese Diego , Sciancalepore Corrado
Published: June 2022

In this work new biodegradable composite materials based on poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) reinforced with water-soluble calcium-phosphate glass (CPG) microparticles at different filler concentration (0, 4, 10, 20 and 40 wt%) were characterized by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), aging and fragmentation tests. DMA results showed increasing storage modulus (E′) values with the filler content, without a significant modification of the glass transition temperature (Tg), translating in a reinforcing effect of the filler particles with good interphase adhesion. The creep compliance decreased with the increase of the CPG content, confirming a greater resistance of the composites to deformation under constant stress. The stability to weathering agents and the degree of fragmentation in laboratory-scale composting conditions were also tested, obtaining a higher sensitivity to degradation of the PBAT-based composites with the increase of CPG content. Overall, the addition of CPG particles in a PBAT matrix produced stiffer composites, with modulation of the properties based on the filler content, enhancing at the same time their degradation rate, making them a promising and more sustainable alternative to traditional polymers.

Graphical Abstract
Seismic sequence stratigraphy and depositional evolution of the Cretaceous-Paleogene sedimentary successions in the offshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: implications for hydrocarbon exploration
Authors: Leila Mahmoud , El-Sheikh Islam , Abdelmaksoud Ahmed , Radwan Ahmed A.
Published: June 2022

The seismic stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of the Cretaceous and Paleogene sedimentary successions in north-eastern offshore part of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand have been investigated in order to unravel their depositional evolution and identify the potential hydrocarbon plays. Interpretation of regional seismic lines covering the entire shelf-slope and deepwater regions as well as integrating seismic and sedimentary facies allows the identification of several seismic-stratigraphic sequences within the studied successions. Early Cretaceous syn-rift successions (C1 sequence) were deposited in the structural lows near the present-day slope as swamp and marsh facies changing basinwards into turbidites and marine shales. The post-rift Cretaceous sequences (C2, C3 sequences) started with the progradation of the Taranaki delta (C2A-C2D units) followed by sedimentation of the transgressive C3A-E facies accumulated in response to thermal subsidence and high-rates of clastic supply. Extensive shelf conditions prevailed during the deposition of C2 and C3 Cretaceous sequences continued during the Paleogene with deposition of uniform marine shales throughout the basin. Rates of sediment supply substantially decreased during Oligocene prompting the deposition of marine micrite-rich carbonate. Variation in fossil content confirms the occurrence of several cycles of sea level fluctuations and episodic variations in terrigenous input. Organic-rich facies could be associated with the prograding clinoforms of the C2B unit and probably contain, basinward, large amount of gas and oil prone kerogen. The transgressive facies of C2D unit may also contain organic-rich shales basinward and coal near the present day Taranaki shelf. Potential reservoirs are hosted on the C3 transgressive estuarine sandstones. Paleogene mudstones are excellent regional seals for the hydrocarbons generated and trapped in the underlying Late Cretaceous facies.
Building a three-level multimodal emotion recognition framework
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Jose Maria , Lozano Maria Dolores , Penichet Victor M. R. , Law Effie Lai-Chong
Published: June 2022

Multimodal emotion detection has been one of the main lines of research in the field of Affective Computing (AC) in recent years. Multimodal detectors aggregate information coming from different channels or modalities to determine what emotion users are expressing with a higher degree of accuracy. However, despite the benefits offered by this kind of detectors, their presence in real implementations is still scarce for various reasons. In this paper, we propose a technology-agnostic framework, HERA, to facilitate the creation of multimodal emotion detectors, offering a tool characterized by its modularity and the interface-based programming approach adopted in its development. HERA (Heterogeneous Emotional Results Aggregator) offers an architecture to integrate different emotion detection services and aggregate their heterogeneous results to produce a final result using a common format. This proposal constitutes a step forward in the development of multimodal detectors, providing an architecture to manage different detectors and fuse the results produced by them in a sensible way. We assessed the validity of the proposal by testing the system with several developers with no previous knowledge about affective technology and emotion detection. The assessment was performed applying the Computer System Usability Questionnaire and the Twelve Cognitive Dimensions Questionnaire, used by The Visual Studio Usability group at Microsoft, obtaining positive results and important feedback for future versions of the system.
Explicit smooth/nonsmooth cosimulation using kinematic constraints
Authors: Zhang Runsen , Zhang Huimin , Zanoni Andrea , Tasora Alessandro , Masarati Pierangelo
Published: June 2022

An explicit cosimulation scheme is developed to study the coupling of smooth and nonsmooth systems using kinematic constraints. Using the force-displacement decomposition, the coupling constraints are formulated at the velocity level, to preserve consistency with the impulse-momentum equations for frictional contacts in the nonsmooth solver, which however potentially leads to instability of the explicit cosimulation. To improve the stability of the cosimulation without affecting the format of the coupling constraints, guidelines for the modification of the prescribed motion are developed following the spirit of Baumgarte’s stabilization technique and the characteristics of the proposed integration scheme, which prescribes a combination of position, velocity, and acceleration to the constrained bodies. Using modified inputs, the stability of the cosimulation is tested using a rigidly connected two-mass oscillator model, which shows clear improvement compared to that with unaltered inputs. The performances of the cosimulation with modified inputs are further illustrated using a double-pendulum system and a complex flexible multibody system coupled with a particle damper. It follows that cosimulation results well agree with those obtained using monolithic simulation or simplified models, verifying the explicit smooth/nonsmooth cosimulation. The results also show a higher efficiency of the explicit cosimulation scheme, which requires much less computational time to obtain similar results, compared to the implicit smooth/nonsmooth cosimulation.
Prognostic utility of lncRNAs (LINC00565 and LINC00641) as molecular markers in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
Authors: Amer Rehab G. , Ezz El Arab Lobna R. , Abd El Ghany Dalia , Saad Amr S. , Bahie-Eldin Nermean , Swellam Menha
Published: June 2022

Background and aim

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is primary brain tumor grade IV characterized by fast cell proliferation, high mortality and morbidity and most lethal gliomas. Molecular approaches underlying its pathogenesis and progression with diagnostic and prognostic value have been an area of interest. Long-non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) aberrantly expressed in GBM have been recently studied. The aim is to investigate the clinical role of lncRNA565 and lncRNA641 in GBM patients.

Patients and methods

Blood samples were withdrawn from 35 newly diagnosed GBM cases with 15 healthy individuals, then lncRNA565 and lncRNA641 expression were evaluated using real time-PCR. Their diagnostic efficacy was detected using receiver operating characteristic curve. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were studied using Kaplan–Meier curves.

Results

lncRNAs expressions were increased significantly among GBM as compared to control group. Their expressions were correlated with clinico-pathological data and survival pattern for the studied GBM patients. Higher levels of both lncRNAs were correlated to worse performance status. Expression of lncRNA565 was increased with large tumor size (≥ 5 cm). Survival analysis showed that both investigated lncRNA were increased with worse PFS and OS.

Conclusion

Expression of lncRNA565 and lncRNA641 in a liquid biopsy sample can be used as prognostic biomarker for GBM patients.
On the sensitivity of implementations of a least-squares collocation method for linear higher-index differential-algebraic equations
Authors: Hanke Michael
Published: June 2022

The present paper continues our investigation of an implementation of a least-squares collocation method for higher-index differential-algebraic equations. In earlier papers, we were able to substantiate the choice of basis functions and collocation points for a robust implementation as well as algorithms for the solution of the discrete system. The present paper is devoted to an analytic estimation of condition numbers for different components of an implementation. We present error estimations, which show the sources for the different errors.
From Mask to Flesh and Back: A Semiotic Analysis of the Actor’s Face Between Theatre and Cinema
Authors: Beato Massimo Roberto
Published: June 2022

We aim to focus on the mimic gestures intentionally produced to be “monstrate” to others (expressive gestures), thus attempting to propose a semiotic analysis on the actor’s face. We shall attempt to outline the extent to which, (i) since the rise of cinema, the actor’s face has gained a foreground role as compared to the full-figured body, and (ii) the legacy  of the nineteenth-century handbooks of scenic postures was crucial in this context, especially those of Antonio Morrocchesi and Alemanno Morelli. To deal with the actor’s body as an instrument, means to make it a blank page to be used to re-design the character’s body, including the face. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the method of the pedagogue Jacques Lecoq—one of the greatest teachers of contemporary theatre—which consists in the use  of a special mask during the training process: the so-called neutral mask.
Boswellic acids ameliorate neurodegeneration induced by AlCl3: the implication of Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Mohamed Eman A. , Ahmed Hebatalla I. , Zaky Heba S. , Badr Amira M.
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease (ND) that represents the principal cause of dementia. Effective treatment is still lacking. Without prevention, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) incidence is expected to triple within 30 years. The risk increases in highly polluted areas and is positively linked to chronic aluminum (Al) exposure. Canonical Wingless-Int (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway has been found to play a considerable role in ND pathogenesis. Resins ofBoswellia serrata (frankincense) have been used traditionally for their psychoactive activity, in addition to their memory-boosting effects. Boswellic acids (BA) are pentacyclic triterpenes. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in BA protective activity against aluminum-induced Alzheimer’s disease. For 6 weeks, rats were treated daily with AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/i.p.) either alone or with BA (125 or 250 mg/kg PO). Results indicated that BA significantly improved learning and memory impairments induced by AlCl3treatment. Moreover, BA treatment significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase levels and reduced amyloid-beta (Aβ) expression. In addition, BA ameliorated the increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), inhibited lipid peroxidation, and increased total antioxidants in the brain. Indeed, BA significantly suppressed AlCl3-induced decrease of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pGSK-3β (Ser 9), and β-catenin. BA (250 mg/kg) showed a significant protective effect compared to a lower dose. The results conclude that BA administration modulated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related parameters, contributing to BA’s role against Al-induced Alzheimer’s disease.

Graphical abstract

Effect of Boswellic acids on AlCl3-induced neurodegenerative changes. ChE cholinesterase, Ach acetylcholine, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, IL-1β interleukin-1β, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α
Spillover dynamics effects between risk-neutral equity and Treasury volatilities
Authors: González-Urteaga Ana , Nieto Belén , Rubio Gonzalo
Published: June 2022

Macro-finance asset pricing models provide a rationale for connectedness dynamics between equity and Treasury risk-neutral volatilities. In this paper, we study the total and directional connectedness, in the sense of spillover effects, between risk-neutral volatilities from the equity and Treasury markets. In addition, we analyze the economic and monetary drivers of connectedness dynamics. Most of the time, but especially during bad economic times, we find significant net spillovers from Treasury to equity risk-neutral volatility. The spillover channel between risk-neutral volatilities arises mainly through the government fixed income market.
Literacy education for citizenship across the lifespan
Authors: Farrell Lesley , Eadie Tricia , McLean Davies Larissa , Sandiford Carmel
Published: June 2022

The task of English language and literacy education to define citizenship, and shape citizens, has rarely been more compelling or more challenging than it is today. Globally and nationally, our civic response to COVID-19 has catapulted us into a world where our rights as and responsibilities as citizens are being fundamentally re-negotiated at the same time as we come to rely on technologically mediated literate practice to connect a world that is more spatially and temporally separated than many of us have ever known it to be. We are challenged to remake our identities and commit to new kinds of personal and civic relationships—nationally and globally—as we try to navigate uncharted waters. Our focus here is on the role that literacy education plays in understanding and defining active citizenship in a turbulent context in which foundational literacy practices are transforming just as accepted understandings of active citizenship are under challenge. We direct our attention specifically to the distinctive role that literacy practice plays in the production of identities and relationships and consider new ways for literacy education to build active citizenship across the lifespan from early education through primary and secondary education through to workforce education.
Social media data analysis framework for disaster response
Authors: Ponce-López Víctor , Spataru Catalina
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a social media data analysis framework applied to multiple datasets. The method developed uses machine learning classifiers, where filtering binary classifiers based on deep bidirectional neural networks are trained on benchmark datasets of disaster responses for earthquakes and floods and extreme flood events. The classifiers consist of learning from discrete handcrafted features and fine-tuning approaches using deep bidirectional Transformer neural networks on these disaster response datasets. With the development of the multiclass classification approach, we compare the state-of-the-art results in one of the benchmark datasets containing the largest number of disaster-related categories. The multiclass classification approaches developed in this research with support vector machines provide a precision of 0.83 and 0.79 compared to Bernoulli naïve Bayes, which are 0.59 and 0.76, and multinomial naïve Bayes, which are 0.79 and 0.91, respectively. The binary classification methods based on the MDRM dataset show a higher precision with deep learning methods (DistilBERT) than BoW and TF-IDF, while in the case of UnifiedCEHMET dataset show a high performance for accuracy with the deep learning method in terms of severity, with a precision of 0.92 compared to BoW and TF-IDF method which has a precision of 0.68 and 0.70, respectively.
Policy Feedback
Authors: Béland Daniel , Campbell Andrea Louise , Weaver R. Kent
Published: June 2022

Although the idea that existing policies can have major effects on politics and policy development is hardly new, the last three decades witnessed a major expansion of policy feedback scholarship, which focuses on the mechanisms through which existing policies shape politics and policy development. Starting with a discussion of the origins of the concept of policy feedback, this element explores early and more recent contributions of the policy feedback literature to clarify the meaning of this concept and its contribution to both political science and policy studies. After exploring the rapidly expanding scholarship on policy feedback and mass politics, this element also puts forward new research agendas that stress several ways forward, including the need to explain both institutional and policy continuity and change. Finally, the element discusses the practical implications of policy feedback research through a discussion of its potential impact on policy design. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Moment-constrained optimal dividends: precommitment and consistent planning
Authors: Christensen Sören , Lindensjö Kristoffer
Published: June 2022

A moment constraint that limits the number of dividends in an optimal dividend problem is suggested. This leads to a new type of time-inconsistent stochastic impulse control problem. First, the optimal solution in the precommitment sense is derived. Second, the problem is formulated as an intrapersonal sequential dynamic game in line with Strotz’s consistent planning. In particular, the notions of pure dividend strategies and a (strong) subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium are adapted. An equilibrium is derived using a smooth fit condition. The equilibrium is shown to be strong. The uncontrolled state process is a fairly general diffusion.
On a random search tree: asymptotic enumeration of vertices by distance from leaves – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Bóna Miklós , Pittel Boris
Published: June 2022

We correct typographical errors in our original paper.
Nash equilibrium structure of Cox process Hotelling games
Authors: Anantharam Venkat , Baccelli François
Published: June 2022

We study an N-player game where a pure action of each player is to select a nonnegative function on a Polish space supporting a finite diffuse measure, subject to a finite constraint on the integral of the function. This function is used to define the intensity of a Poisson point process on the Polish space. The processes are independent over the players, and the value to a player is the measure of the union of her open Voronoi cells in the superposition point process. Under randomized strategies, the process of points of a player is thus a Cox process, and the nature of competition between the players is akin to that in Hotelling competition games. We characterize when such a game admits Nash equilibria and prove that when a Nash equilibrium exists, it is unique and consists of pure strategies that are proportional in the same proportions as the total intensities. We give examples of such games where Nash equilibria do not exist. A better understanding of the criterion for the existence of Nash equilibria remains an intriguing open problem.
Non-invasive molecular biomarkers for predicting outcomes of micro-TESE in patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Tang Dongdong , Li Kuokuo , He Xiaojin , Zhang Yan , Cao Yunxia
Published: June 2022

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), the most severe type of male infertility, affects approximately 1% of men worldwide. However, the aetiology of most NOA cases is not definite, that is defined as idiopathic NOA (INOA), posing a clinical conundrum worldwide. Most of these patients must receive donor sperm treatment until the emergence of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE). Although this procedure has recently become a promising treatment for INOA, the low sperm retrieval rate and testicular trauma have prompted us to explore appropriate non-invasive molecular biomarkers to predict the outcomes of sperm recovery preoperatively. Previous studies have identified a spectrum of biomarkers to address this challenging issue at various levels in different tissues, such as DNAs, RNAs, protein and steroid levels in the blood and seminal fluid. To better understand and assess the predictive values of diverse molecular biomarkers from different tissues on the outcome of sperm retrieval by micro-TESE in patients with INOA, we summarised recent findings and discussed the potential applications of these methods. The ultimate goal of this study was to provide references for further studies and clinical management.
Return-time -spectrum for equilibrium states with potentials of summable variation
Authors: ABADI M. , AMORIM V. , CHAZOTTES J.-R. , GALLO S.
Published: June 2022

Let
$(X_k)_{k\geq 0}$
be a stationary and ergodic process with joint distribution
$\mu $
, where the random variables
$X_k$
take values in a finite set
$\mathcal {A}$
. Let
$R_n$
be the first time this process repeats its first n symbols of output. It is well known that
$({1}/{n})\log R_n$
converges almost surely to the entropy of the process. Refined properties of
$R_n$
(large deviations, multifractality, etc) are encoded in the return-time
$L^q$
-spectrum defined as

provided the limit exists. We consider the case where
$(X_k)_{k\geq 0}$
is distributed according to the equilibrium state of a potential with summable variation, and we prove that

where
$P((1-q)\varphi )$
is the topological pressure of
$(1-q)\varphi $
, the supremum is taken over all shift-invariant measures, and
$q_\varphi ^*$
is the unique solution of
$P((1-q)\varphi ) =\sup _\eta \int \varphi \,d\eta $
. Unexpectedly, this spectrum does not coincide with the
$L^q$
-spectrum of
$\mu _\varphi $
, which is
$P((1-q)\varphi )$
, and it does not coincide with the waiting-time
$L^q$
-spectrum in general. In fact, the return-time
$L^q$
-spectrum coincides with the waiting-time
$L^q$
-spectrum if and only if the equilibrium state of
$\varphi $
is the measure of maximal entropy. As a by-product, we also improve the large deviation asymptotics of
$({1}/{n})\log R_n$
.
Gerber-Shiu analysis in the compound Poisson model with constant inter-observation times
Authors: Xie Jiayi , Yu Wenguang , Zhang Zhimin , Cui Zhenyu
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the classical compound Poisson model under periodic observation is studied. Different from the random observation assumption widely used in the literature, we suppose that the inter-observation time is a constant. In this model, both the finite-time and infinite-time Gerber-Shiu functions are studied via the Laguerre series expansion method. We show that the expansion coefficients can be recursively determined and also analyze the approximation errors in detail. Numerical results for several claim size density functions are given to demonstrate effectiveness of our method, and the effect of some parameters is also studied.
Defining Rockefeller Republicanism: Promise and Peril at the Edge of the Liberal Consensus, 1958–1975
Authors: BARRETT MARSHA E.
Published: June 2022

This article examines Rockefeller Republicanism and its status within the Republican Party by looking at the evolution of Nelson Rockefeller’s support for social welfare policy between 1958 and 1975. New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller regularly appears in histories of modern conservatism as the embodiment of the liberalism that conservatives rejected, but these works rarely account for the entirety of Rockefeller’s career. Rather than focus on Rockefeller’s challenges to the national Republican Party in 1960 and 1964, which results in an incomplete representation of Rockefeller Republicanism, this article reassesses moderate Republicanism’s perceived dominance and Rockefeller’s advocacy for liberal domestic policies and commitment to racial liberalism in New York. A full account of Rockefeller’s struggles to find common ground with conservative New York Republicans and adoption of conservative positions related to law enforcement and welfare reform thwarted one of the GOP’s best opportunities to assemble a multiracial and cross-class constituency.
Insecurity and Self-Esteem: Elucidating the Psychological Foundations of Negative Attitudes toward Women
Authors: Mansell Jordan , Gatto Malu A. C.
Published: June 2022

Political scientists recognize discriminatory attitudes as key to understanding a range of political preferences. Sexism is associated with both explicitly and non-explicitly gendered attitudes. But why do certain individuals display discriminatory attitudes, while others do not? Drawing from psychology, we examine the potential power of an underexplored set of personality traits—secure versus fragile self-esteem—in explaining gendered attitudes and preferences. With an online sample of (N = 487) U.S.-based participants, we find that fragile self-esteem is an important trait underlying individuals’ attitudes: individuals who display a discordant view of self—explicitly positive but implicitly negative—are more likely to hold hostile sexist attitudes and prefer men in leadership; these individuals are also more likely to support the Republican Party and former U.S. president Donald Trump. While present in only a fraction of the population, our results suggest that this trait may be important for understanding the development of discriminatory attitudes toward out-groups.
Validity of estimating center of pressure during walking and running with plantar load from a three-sensor wireless insole
Authors: Brindle Richard A. , Bleakley Chris M. , Taylor Jeffrey B. , Queen Robin M. , Ford Kevin R.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine if estimated center of pressure (COP) from plantar force data collected using three-sensor loadsol insoles was comparable to the COP from plantar pressure data collected using pedar insoles during walking and running. Ten healthy adults walked and ran at self-selected speeds on a treadmill while wearing both a loadsol and pedar insole in their right shoe. Plantar force recorded from the loadsol was used to estimate COP along mediolateral (COPx) and anteroposterior (COPy) axes. The estimated COPx and COPy were compared with the COPx and COPy from pedar using limits of agreement and Spearman’s rank correlation. There were significant relationships and agreement within 5 mm in COPx and 20 mm in COPy between loadsol and pedar at 20–40% of stance during walking and running. However, loadsol demonstrated biases of 7 mm in COPx and 10 mm in COPy compared to pedar near initial contact and toe-off.
Hybrid Simulations of a Tangential Discontinuity‐Driven Foreshock Bubble Formation in Comparison With a Hot Flow Anomaly Formation
Authors: Vu Andrew , Liu Terry Z. , Zhang Hui , Delamere Peter
Published: June 2022

Hot flow anomalies (HFAs) and foreshock bubbles (FBs) are significant foreshock transients that can accelerate particles and disturb the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. Yet, their early formation mechanisms are still not fully understood. To investigate the formation of tangential discontinuity (TD)‐driven FBs and HFAs, we use 2‐D local hybrid simulations where a reflected or an injected warm foreshock ion beam can interact with a TD whose half‐thickness is comparable to the ion inertial scale. We show that the foreshock ions perform a partial gyration within, or across, the TD. Bulk motion differences between partially‐gyrating foreshock ions and fluid‐electrons lead to the generation of currents. As the trigger, these foreshock‐driven currents change the magnetic field topology around the TD and force the frozen‐in solar wind plasma to redistribute along with the field lines, shaping the foreshock transient. This confirms a recently proposed kinetic formation model. The extent of the magnetic field direction change across the TD within the foreshock ion gyromotion determines the current profile and thus the type of foreshock transient that forms. For a thin TD, the foreshock ions generate a current that is much stronger on the upstream side than the downstream side, forming an FB with one upstream compressional boundary. For the same foreshock ion gyroradius and magnetic shear, a thick TD yields comparable foreshock‐driven currents on the upstream and downstream sides, forming an HFA with two compressional boundaries. Our study suggests that the TD thickness is one of the factors that determine the formation of FBs and HFAs.
Two Techniques for Determining F‐Region Ion Velocities at Meso‐Scales: Differences and Impacts on Joule Heating
Authors: Kavanagh Andrew J. , Ogawa Yasunobu , Woodfield Emma E.
Published: June 2022

We have investigated the difference between two standard techniques for deriving the ionospheric ion velocity using data taken with the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar between 1987 and 2007. For large‐scale convection flows, there is little difference between the tristatic and monostatic techniques, though the biggest relative difference occurs during periods when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is strongly northward. At small scales the difference between the two techniques is correlated with a measure of the variability of the tristatic measurement. This suggests that small‐scale flow bursts, such as those associated with enhanced auroral arcs, could explain the local time variation in the velocity difference distributions. The difference in velocities obtained from the monostatic and tristatic techniques can make a significant difference in the estimate of the magnitude of Joule heating in the thermosphere. Considering only the electric field dominated component of Joule heating, Q, the difference in the two techniques can be as much as 52% of the tristatic measurement (Qm = 0.48Qt) in the morning sector (0–6 MLT), during a moderate to large geomagnetic storm. This reduces to a difference of 36% at non‐storm times in the same MLT period. Careful averaging of the velocity field with the future EISCAT_3D radar system will allow us to establish the impact of both spatial and temporal scales on the magnitude of the observations.
The Importance of Lake Emergent Aquatic Vegetation for Estimating Arctic‐Boreal Methane Emissions
Authors: Kyzivat Ethan D. , Smith Laurence C. , Garcia‐Tigreros Fenix , Huang Chang , Wang Chao , Langhorst Theodore , Fayne Jessica V. , Harlan Merritt E. , Ishitsuka Yuta , Feng Dongmei , Dolan Wayana , Pitcher Lincoln H , Wickland Kimberly P. , Dornblaser Mark M. , Striegl Robert G. , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Butman David E. , Gleason Colin J.
Published: June 2022

Areas of lakes that support emergent aquatic vegetation emit disproportionately more methane than open water but are under‐represented in upscaled estimates of lake greenhouse gas emissions. These shallow areas are typically less than ∼1.5 m deep and can be detected with synthetic aperture radar (SAR). To assess the importance of lake emergent vegetation (LEV) zones to landscape‐scale methane emissions, we combine airborne SAR mapping with field measurements of vegetated and open‐water methane flux. First, we use Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR data from the NASA Arctic‐Boreal Vulnerability Experiment to map LEV in 4,572 lakes across four Arctic‐boreal study areas and find it comprises ∼16% of lake area, exceeding previous estimates, and exhibiting strong regional differences (averaging 59 [50–68]%, 22 [20–25]%, 1.0 [0.8–1.2]%, and 7.0 [5.0–12]% of lake areas in the Peace‐Athabasca Delta, Yukon Flats, and northern and southern Canadian Shield, respectively). Next, we account for these vegetated areas through a simple upscaling exercise using paired methane fluxes from regions of open water and LEV. After excluding vegetated areas that could be accounted for as wetlands, we find that inclusion of LEV increases overall lake emissions by 21 [18–25]% relative to estimates that do not differentiate lake zones. While LEV zones are proportionately greater in small lakes, this relationship is weak and varies regionally, underscoring the need for methane‐relevant remote sensing measurements of lake zones and a consistent criterion for distinguishing wetlands. Finally, Arctic‐boreal lake methane upscaling estimates can be improved with more measurements from all lake zones.
Along‐Strike Variation in the Initiation Timing of the North‐Trending Rifts in Southern Tibet as Revealed From the Yadong‐Gulu Rift
Authors: Bian Shuang , Gong Junfeng , Zuza Andrew V. , Yang Rong , Chen Lin , Ji Jianqing , Yu Xiangjiang , Tian Yihong , Yu Zhiquan , Cheng Xiaogan , Lin Xiubin , Chen Hanlin
Published: June 2022

A key issue in the Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan plateau is the geodynamic drivers for north‐trending rifting in southern Tibet. Recent studies have demonstrated an eastward propagation pattern for rift initiation, but the along‐strike variations remain poorly resolved. Two models that predict different north‐south rift kinematics include northward underthrusting or southward tearing of the Indian lithospheric slab, predicting a northward or southward propagation trend of individual rifts along strike, respectively. The Yadong‐Gulu rift (YGR) is an ideal case to investigate this issue due to its long strike length (∼500 km) and location above proposed slab‐tear structures. Here, we compile constraints on both rift initiation and acceleration, and report new apatite fission track and (U‐Th)/He thermochronological data along the southern segment of YGR. Our main findings are as follows. First, the rifts west of the YGR initiated simultaneously along strike, which we suggest is at odds with predictions of either slab‐tear or slab‐underthrusting models. However, most of these rifts show a northward younging pattern in rift acceleration, which may be governed by low‐angle Indian slab underthrusting released by slab tearing. Second, the initiation timing of the Yadong rift is constrained at ∼13–11 Ma. Combined with published constraints along strike, we demonstrate a clear northward propagation in rift initiation along the YGR. This kinematic pattern may be affected by its orientation of the most oblique northeast‐trending among all rift systems or the outward expansion of the Himalayan arc.
Geometric structure design of passive label-free microfluidic systems for biological micro-object separation
Authors: Tang Hao , Niu Jiaqi , Jin Han , Lin Shujing , Cui Daxiang
Published: June 2022

Passive and label-free microfluidic devices have no complex external accessories or detection-interfering label particles. These devices are now widely used in medical and bioresearch applications, including cell focusing and cell separation. Geometric structure plays the most essential role when designing a passive and label-free microfluidic chip. An exquisitely designed geometric structure can change particle trajectories and improve chip performance. However, the geometric design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics have not been comprehensively acknowledged. Here, we review the geometric innovations of several microfluidic schemes, including deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), inertial microfluidics (IMF), and viscoelastic microfluidics (VEM), and summarize the most creative innovations and design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics. We aim to provide a guideline for researchers who have an interest in geometric innovations of passive label-free microfluidics.
Smartphone gaming induces dry eye symptoms and reduces blinking in school-aged children
Authors: Chidi-Egboka Ngozi Charity , Jalbert Isabelle , Golebiowski Blanka
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Smartphone use by children is rising rapidly, but its ocular surface impact is unknown. This study examined the effect of smartphone use on blinking, symptoms, and tear function in children.

Methods

Prospective intervention study where 36 children aged 6–15years (14 M:22 F) played games on a smartphone continuously for one hour. Symptoms (SANDE, IOSS, NRS) and tear film (lipid layer thickness, tear secretion, stability) were assessed before and after gaming. Blink rate and interblink interval were measured in situ using an eye tracking headset, before (during conversation) and continuously throughout gaming. Symptoms and tear film changes were examined using paired t-tests. Changes in blinking throughout one hour were examined using repeated measures ANOVA, post-hoc comparisons with Bonferroni correction. Associations examined using Pearson bivariate correlation. Significance level was 0.05.

Results

Symptoms worsened following one hour smartphone gaming (SANDE + 8.2units, p = 0.01; IOSS + 1.3units, p < 0.001; NRS-average +6.3units, p = 0.03; NRS-comfort +7.6units, p = 0.04; NRS-tiredness +10.1units, p = 0.01), but tear film remained unchanged. Blink rate reduced from 20.8 blinks/min to 8.9 blinks/min (p < 0.001) and interblink interval increased from 2.9 s to 8.7 s (p = 0.002) within the first minute of gaming relative to baseline conversation, and this effect remained unchanged throughout one hour of gaming.

Conclusions

Smartphone use in children results in dry eye symptoms and immediate and sustained slowing of blinking, with no change in tear function evident up to one hour. Given the ubiquitous use of smartphones by children, future work should examine whether effects reported herein persist or get worse over a longer term causing cumulative damage to the ocular surface.
Unexpected response of nitrogen deposition to nitrogen oxide controls and implications for land carbon sink
Authors: Liu Mingxu , Shang Fang , Lu Xingjie , Huang Xin , Song Yu , Liu Bing , Zhang Qiang , Liu Xuejun , Cao Junji , Xu Tingting , Wang Tiantian , Xu Zhenying , Xu Wen , Liao Wenling , Kang Ling , Cai Xuhui , Zhang Hongsheng , Dai Yongjiu , Zhu Tong
Published: June 2022

Terrestrial ecosystems in China receive the world’s largest amount of reactive nitrogen (N) deposition. Recent controls on nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions in China to tackle air pollution are expected to decrease N deposition, yet the observed N deposition fluxes remain almost stagnant. Here we show that the effectiveness of NOxemission controls for reducing oxidized N (NOy = NOx + its oxidation products) deposition is unforeseen in Eastern China, with one-unit reduction in NOxemission leading to only 55‒76% reductions in NOy-N deposition, as opposed to the high effectiveness (around 100%) in both Southern China and the United States. Using an atmospheric chemical transport model, we demonstrate that this unexpected weakened response of N deposition is attributable to the enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity by NOxemissions reductions. The decline in N deposition could bear a penalty on terrestrial carbon sinks and should be taken into account when developing pathways for China’s carbon neutrality.
Nonlinear co-generation of graphene plasmons for optoelectronic logic operations
Authors: Li Yiwei , An Ning , Lu Zheyi , Wang Yuchen , Chang Bing , Tan Teng , Guo Xuhan , Xu Xizhen , He Jun , Xia Handing , Wu Zhaohui , Su Yikai , Liu Yuan , Rao Yunjiang , Soavi Giancarlo , Yao Baicheng
Published: June 2022

Surface plasmons in graphene provide a compelling strategy for advanced photonic technologies thanks to their tight confinement, fast response and tunability. Recent advances in the field of all-optical generation of graphene’s plasmons in planar waveguides offer a promising method for high-speed signal processing in nanoscale integrated optoelectronic devices. Here, we use two counter propagating frequency combs with temporally synchronized pulses to demonstrate deterministic all-optical generation and electrical control of multiple plasmon polaritons, excited via difference frequency generation (DFG). Electrical tuning of a hybrid graphene-fibre device offers a precise control over the DFG phase-matching, leading to tunable responses of the graphene’s plasmons at different frequencies across a broadband (0 ~ 50 THz) and provides a powerful tool for high-speed logic operations. Our results offer insights for plasmonics on hybrid photonic devices based on layered materials and pave the way to high-speed integrated optoelectronic computing circuits.
Artificially sporulated Escherichia coli cells as a robust cell factory for interfacial biocatalysis
Authors: Sun Zhiyong , Hübner René , Li Jian , Wu Changzhu
Published: June 2022

The natural bacterial spores have inspired the development of artificial spores, through coating cells with protective materials, for durable whole-cell catalysis. Despite attractiveness, artificial spores developed to date are generally limited to a few microorganisms with their natural endogenous enzymes, and they have never been explored as a generic platform for widespread synthesis. Here, we report a general approach to designing artificial spores based onEscherichia colicells with recombinant enzymes. The artificial spores are simply prepared by coating cells with polydopamine, which can withstand UV radiation, heating and organic solvents. Additionally, the protective coating enables living cells to stabilize aqueous-organic emulsions for efficient interfacial biocatalysis ranging from single reactions to multienzyme cascades. Furthermore, the interfacial system can be easily expanded to chemoenzymatic synthesis by combining artificial spores with metal catalysts. Therefore, this artificial-spore-based platform technology is envisioned to lay the foundation for next-generation cell factory engineering.