bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El arte del muestreo cualitativo y su importancia para la evaluación y la investigación de políticas públicas: una aproximación realista
Authors: Parra Juan David
Published: June 2019

Este artículo hace un examen crítico a aproximaciones tradicionales al muestreo cua­litativo para la evaluación y la investigación de políticas públicas. En general, se trata de un debate lleno de contradicciones y de lugares comunes que limitan la capacidad de com­prender mecanismos complejos que subyacen a la existencia de fenómenos o eventos sociales. Como alternativa, se exaltan las bondades del muestreo realista y su lógica de estudiar, verifi­car y refinar teorías preliminares sobre el cómo, el cuándo y el porqué de las políticas públicas. Se concluye que los principios del realismo deben invitar a investigadores y a evaluadores expertos, y también a instituciones contratantes de estudios y evaluaciones sociales, a replantear prácticas y definiciones metodológicas frente a la escogencia de muestras cualitativas.
Textos tipo manual para la enseñanza de las políticas públicas en Colombia: un caso de estudio
Authors: Centeno Juan Pablo
Published: June 2019

A pesar de la creciente institucionaliza­ción de las políticas públicas como campo de estudio, poco se ha reflexionado sobre su enseñanza. El propósito del artículo es con­tribuir a la caracterización de la enseñanza de las políticas públicas en Colombia a partir del caso de un libro de texto tipo manual sobre el tema. Se realizó un análisis de citas y de encuestas aplicadas a estudiantes y egresados de maestría en Políticas Públicas. Se identificó una orientación racionalista en el uso del libro, con énfasis en la fase de implementación en distintos niveles territoriales. La divulgación de este campo de estudio y la definición ope­racional de política pública que propone son los principales aportes del libro. Se identifica el perfil del aprendiz en políticas públicas y se esbozan al final algunos retos y oportunidades para la enseñanza en políticas públicas.
Los estudios sobre los programas de transferencias monetarias condicionadas en América Latina: trayectorias, enfoques y perspectivas sobre la pobreza
Authors: Vásquez Russi Catalina María , Uribe Gómez Mónica
Published: June 2019

La desigualdad y la pobreza continúan siendo uno de los principales problemas que enfrenta América Latina, pese a que han pa­sado poco más de veinte años desde que los programas de transferencias monetarias condi­cionadas (PTMC) empezaron a implementarse. Estos programas subsidiados buscan estimular el consumo y disminuir la pobreza, y se han convertido en el eje articulador de la protec­ción social de la mayoría de los países de la región, incorporando lógicas particulares de gestión y financiamiento de recursos, y nuevos actores y discursos sobre la pobreza. Este tra­bajo presenta de forma crítica la literatura re­ciente sobre los PTMC, y analiza las trayectorias y los enfoques de los programas, los énfasis de los análisis, y los cambios y las continuidades en las perspectivas sobre la pobreza.
Model, Design and Implementation of LCC Converter for Power Generation and Distributed Generation
Authors: Bastos Renan F. , Dias André L. A. , Machado Ricardo Q.
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes to model, design and implement a LCC (Line Commuted Converter) for power generation purpose, using alternative sources such as photovoltaic panel (PV), fuel cell and permanent magnet synchronous machine as the main power source. The converter is built with a full bridge twelve-pulse thyristor topology and connected to the alternative source through a line reactor. In order to extract maximum power from the sources, a classical maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT P&O) is applied. To validate the theoretical and simulated analysis, a 600 W experimental setup was built and controlled in closed loop. For the experimental results, the alternative source was represented by a variable DC power source in series with a resistor, making it possible to create controlled power steps and power events. During the operation, the grid current is analyzed in terms of power quality and an islanding event was created to analyze the converter’s behavior under critical conditions. All the experimental results show perfect conformity with the theory and simulation, proving the effectiveness of this converter topology for this purpose.
Financial Education and Financial Literacy by Income and Education Groups
Authors: Wagner Jamie
Published: June 2019

This study examines associations between financial education and financial literacy among people with different levels of education and income using a large, national data set, the 2015 National Financial Capability Study. This study estimates whether financial education in high school, college, or through an employer, is associated with a person's financial literacy score. Results show that people who received any financial education are likely to have higher financial literacy scores compared to those without financial education. Financial education has larger predicted probabilities for those with lower education and income, suggesting that financial education is especially important for this demographic group. This research emphasizes a need to teach financial education to people whom previous research suggests lacks financial literacy the most.
Financial Therapy With Groups: A Case of the Five-Step Model
Authors: Shelton Victoria M. , Smith Thomas E. , Panisch Lisa S.
Published: June 2019

Financial therapy is used to address the psychological, emotional, and behavioral components involved in the process of learning and utilizing new financial literacy skills. This study describes the use of a manualized financial therapy financial therapy intervention, the Five-Step Model, as it is piloted in a group setting. Current economic theories support the use of an intervention model that differs from traditional financial literacy teachings. Behavioral economics and the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change is used as a foundation for the Five-Step Model. A case study illustrates the key principles and effectiveness of the intervention model. Reflections and feedback from the members of the group are provided, along with a discussion of implications and directions for further inquiry.
Financial Counselors' Experiences Working With Clients of Color: Lessons of Cultural Awareness
Authors: Hawkins Blendine Perreire , Zuiker Virginia S.
Published: June 2019

Financial counseling work with clients of color is unique and can be complex. There is a need for a better understanding of culturally aware and competent counseling approaches with clients of color to provide effective services. Nine financial professionals who work with clients of color were interviewed in this qualitative phenomenological study resulting in three emergent themes: beyond the numbers, building a bridge, and switching gears. The lessons learned from their experiences were endorsements to expand the focus of counseling beyond the problem and the individual client to the larger cultural context and familial situation, to devote efforts to the counselor's relationship with clients of color, and to be adaptive and flexible in the counseling process.
Gender, Parental Characteristics, and Financial Knowledge of High School Students: Evidence From Multicountry Data
Authors: Chambers Rebecca G. , Asarta Carlos J. , Farley-Ripple Elizabeth N.
Published: June 2019

This study examines the gender gap in financial literacy by using the Financial Literacy Assessment from the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The analysis focuses on the influence of parents on their children's understanding of financial concepts, utilizing multilevel modeling procedures to examine variance among students, within schools, and within countries. Based on data from 18 countries, results suggest that a gender gap in financial knowledge favoring male high school students is present and that parents may influence their children's financial knowledge.
INFLUENCE OF HUMIC PREPARATIONS ON DEGRADED SOILS PROPERTIES OF TECHNOGENIC BARRENS
Authors: Tregubova P. N. , Koptsik G. N. , Stepanov A. L. , Stepanov A. A. , Korneecheva M. Yu. , Kupriianova Yu. V.
Published: June 2019

This research aim was testing the applicability of exogenic organic matter – extracted humic substances – for the remediation of technogenic barrens soils near Cu-Ni smelter (Kola Peninsula). In short-term laboratory experiments we studied the possibility of stabilization of heavy metals labile forms by commercial humic substances (HS) of different origin (peat humate “Flexom” and coal humate “Extra”) in comparison with HS, inoculated by microorganisms – nitrogen fixers and mycorrhizae-forming fungi and mineral fertilizers (NPK и CaCO3). Experiments were provided during 45 days after 14 days of pre-incubation under controlled conditions in climate chamber with light, temperature and humidity imitating the polar day conditions in Kola Subarctic. After experiments we evaluated changes in soil chemical properties, soil microbial community and test-culture (Deschampsia cespitosa). Peat humate application is ineffective without additional manipulations (e.g. combination with CaCO3), cooperation with biological applicants cannot be pointed out. Application of coal humate favours to metals stabilization, soil microorganism’s activation, test-culture growth. It may be effective to combine coal humate with biological applicants like mycorrhizae-forming fungi. So, coal-humates may be perspective growth-stimulator, ameliorant and detoxicant in remediation of degraded soils in conditions of polymetallic contamination.
SOILS OF THE EASTERN PRIOL’KHONYE ON THE COAST OF THE LAKE BAIKAL: CURRENT STATE AND USE
Authors: Belozertseva I. A. , Lopatina D. N. , Zvereva N. A.
Published: June 2019

In summer periods of 2015–2017 within the framework of complex expeditions in the eastern Priol’khonye soil geochemical researches were performed. More than 120 soil samples were collected for subsequent physical and chemical analyses. Ecological, chemical and physical properties of meadow and steppe soils of Ol’khon district were studied and the results are presented in the article. The research was conducted on the east coast of the Lake Baikal in its central basin, which is most visited by tourists. Several soil types can be found along the coast line and on gently sloped surface nearby, they are: castanozems, umbrisols, cambisols, gray soils, histic fluvisols gleyic, humic fluvisols gleyic, chernozems, umbric fluvisols, cambic fluvisols and other. Owing to a specific environmental conditions some original soil types (for example “chestnut soils”, “castanozems”) can be found nowhere else in the Irkutsk region but only here. The explored soil profiles are mainly thick and stony to various extent (from high to medium),these soils are sandy or sandy loams, rich in humus, predominantly with neutral and weakly alkaline reaction (pH), low content of nitrogen in relation to carbon content (C : N), that creates favorable conditions for preservation of the vegetable remains in meadow landscapes. The conducted research results revealed that soils near touristic tracks and also on the territory of the ancient settlement are polluted by heavy metals, and their content exceeds sanitary and hygienic standards. The ecological condition of soils at the present stage can be characterized as average degree of disturbance resulting from recreational activity. Geochemical barriers are represented by organic and alkaline ones. However, due to the sandy and sandy-loamy soil texture waters of the lake coastal zone can be polluted by heavy metals as well. Soils of meadow-boggy landscapes of the coastal area are not polluted by heavy metals as far as it is a hard-to-reach region for tourists using automobile transport.
Stress Energy Quantum Tensor : Linear Approximation of the Einstein’s Equations and Equivalence with the Klein-Gordon’s equation
Authors: Baudrimont Roman
Published: June 2019

Our goal in this paper is to study the relationship between the linear approximation of Einstein's equations to the Klein-Gordon’s equation. The part one presents what the Klein-Gordon’s equation and the integration of the theory of quantum information in it. The Part two deals with the Stress Energy tensor quantum, wherein the detail I linearized gravity of Einstein equation, and wherein I develop the tensor quantum energy pulse from the equivalence of equation einstein the linearized gravity and the Schrödinger equation relativistic described by Klein-Gordon’s equation.
Stress Energy Tensor Study in Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Baudrimont Roman
Published: June 2019

This paper is to summarize the involvement of the stress energy tensor in the study of fluid mechanics. In the first part we will see the implication that carries the stress energy tensor in the framework of general relativity. In the second part, we will study the stress energy tensor under the mechanics of perfect fluids, allowing us to lead third party in the case of Newtonian fluids, and in the last part we will see that it is possible to define space-time as a no-Newtonian fluids.
Validity and Reliability Study of Parental Mediation for Internet Usage Scale Adolescent and Parent Forms in the Turkish Sample
Authors: ATALAN ERGİN Derya , KAPÇI Emine Gül
Published: June 2019

Parental mediation includes parents’
attitudes and behaviors about their child’s media using. Early parental
mediation researches have been conducted on television. Nowadays, parental
mediation researches concentrate on the Internet. The main purpose of this
study is to develop assessment forms that evaluate parental mediation
strategies in respect of Internet Usage. In this study, a scale has been
developed including parent and adolescent forms, as the strategies used by
parents could be examined based on both parents and their children’s
self-report. A representative sample consisting of a total of 728 parents
participated in the parent form study in Mamak, Ankara (mother n=456; father
n=272). A total of 718 adolescents (female n=371; male n=345) aged 11- 14 years
old studying 6.-8. grades in a secondary school in Mamak participated in the
adolescent form study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and conformity factor
analysis (CFA) were applied for the purpose of testing construct validity of
the forms. EFA indicated that a two-factor model had enough fit for parent form
and a three-factor model was suggested for adolescent form.  Factors of parent form were named as
“control/ restriction” and “active mediation”, factors of adolescent form were
named as “control/ restriction”, “active mediation” and “monitoring”. These
factors have explained 63.7% and 61.7% variance on parent and adolescent
scales, respectively. The results of CFA have revealed appropriateness of the
factor structure (Parent form: χ²/sd=2.08, RMSEA= .06, GFI: .91, AGFI: .88,
SRMR: .03, NFI: .98, NNFI:.99, CFI:.99; Adolescent form: χ²/sd=2.94, RMSEA=
.07, GFI: .88, AGFI: .84, SRMR: .04, NFI: .98, NNFI:.98, CFI:.99). Assessed
with Cronbach Alfa internal consistency reliabilities were calculated as .95
for both parent and adolescent forms. Test-retest reliabilities were .87 and
.82 for parent and adolescent forms, respectively. These results have pointed
out that both forms have the value of use in research on the evaluation of
parental mediation on the Internet usage.
Analisa Kinerja Aliran Fluida dalam Rangkaian Seri dan Paralel dengan Penambahan Tube Bundle pada Pompa Sentrifugal
Authors: Saleh Muhammad Marzuky , Widodo Edi
Published: June 2019

Pump is a device used to move fluid from one place to another through the pipe media as a channel. The pump has 2 important components in its performance, namely: Impeller and pump house (casing). When the pump cannot meet the required capacity it can use series and parallel pump circuits to increase it. When moving the fluid to a high surface or high pressure it will have the specifications of the head and discharge. Fluid flow is a liquid that flows in a pipe. In flow there is fluid pressure and also flow type. There are 3 flow types, namely laminer, transition, turbulent. To reduce turbulence in the flow can be used Tube bundle which is a device consisting of several pipes that are tied together that are attached to a cross section in the pipe. This research was conducted in 4 testing stages, namely series circuit with additional tube bundle, series circuit without additional tube bundle, parallel circuit with additional tube bundle, parallel circuit without additional tube bundle. Each test takes fluid pressure, discharge, flow type. From the results of this study it was found that the parallel circuit pump with an additional tube bundle produces fluid pressure, discharge, flow velocity smaller than the series circuit, whereas when without additional the parallel tube pump bundle produces a fluid pressure, discharge, flow velocity greater than the circuit series, while for the flow type of this study is turbulent flow.
Peculiarities of the organization and accessibility of ophthalmological assistance to the population of the Voronezh area taking into account the data on incidence and causal factors
Authors: Tatarkova Yu. V. , Petrova T. N. , Goncharov A. Yu.
Published: June 2019

Purpose of the study was to develop methods for predicting and optimizing the mechanisms for providing ophthalmological assistance to the population of the Voronezh Region based on a statistical analysis of the relationship between indicators of the state of ophthalmic health of the population, quality and accessibility of medical care.

Materials and methods. The data on ophthalmological morbidity, resources of the ophthalmological service, outpatient and inpatient care provided to patients with ophthalmopathology were analyzed.

Results. The article presents the results of the analysis of the main indicators of the activity of the ophthalmological service of the Voronezh region, based on the data of regional sectoral statistics of the Voronezh region in recent years. The problems of the personnel resource of the ophthalmological service, the effectiveness of the use of hospital beds, as well as problems of an administrative nature are discussed. On the basis of a systematic analysis of the incidence of the organ of vision, the prevalence and organization of medical care to the population, criteria are proposed for a quantitative and qualitative assessment of risk factors for the development of a pathology of the organ of sight. Based on the structural analysis of ophthalmologic morbidity, a complex of nonlinear prognostic models for the interaction of medical and social risk factors of ophthalmopathology with clinically established diseases of the organ of vision has been developed and tested. The developed regression model allowed us to separate the indicators by priority and to highlight the most significant ones. A logical prognostic model of dependence on disability based on existing risk factors has been formed.

Conclusions. The clinical and epidemiological analysis helped to develop a regional target program to improve eye care for the population of the region and to outline the main measures to optimize the organization of eye care to the population of the Voronezh region in order to increase its availability and quality. Based on the results obtained, practical recommendations have been developed for improving medical and social care for patients with diseases of the organ of vision, taking into account the possibility of preventive measures in the early stages, to prevent the development of complications.
Concept «quality of life» and method of its assessment in patients after surgical treatment of the aortal valve faults
Authors: Molchanov A. N.
Published: June 2019

The review of the literature examines the study of the quality of life of patients in the older age group after cardiac surgery for heart disease. In recent years, the number of elderly people has increased significantly in many countries. As a result of this phenomenon, cardiologists and cardiac surgeons are increasingly confronted in their practice with elderly patients. There are features of the management of cardiac and cardiac surgical patients of advanced age, caused both by the specifics of the underlying disease and by concomitant diseases. With the emergence of new options for evaluating the effectiveness of various methods of surgical correction of heart disease in age patients, new questions arise that require evidentiary consideration and an optimal answer. Opinions of experts about the feasibility of surgical interventions in the elderly are often different. The urgency of the problem is due to the recent increase in the number of heart operations in the group of age-related patients. The study of the quality of life of patients in the postoperative period helps to determine the most rational and optimal method of surgical treatment, not only from the point of view of the cardiac surgeon, but also from the standpoint of assessing the patient himself. In addition, frequent postoperative complications and recurrences of diseases force specialists to focus on the quality of life of patients after surgery, which makes the problem extremely urgent.
To the question of knowledge of doctors of responsibility for corruption crimes
Authors: Filippov Yu. N. , Kopteva L. N. , Galova E. A. , Doshhannikov D. A. , Khlapov A. L. , Sokolova O. V.
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Precedents of reception of compensation for the rendered services connected with forgery and abusing by office position, continue to take a leading place in structure of actions of the medical personnel characterised as «crime».

Purpose of the study was carrying out of the analysis of knowledge and legal literacy of doctors concerning criminal responsibility for the acts falling under determination «corruption».

Materials and methods. Research is conducted according to questioning of doctors of the medical organisations concerning corruption crimes in a health care in 2018. Data processing. In research it is included correctly filled 115 questionnaires. For an objective estimation of degree of the coordination of answers of doctors counted an Cohen's kappa (κ). Results and discussion.

Results of research have revealed unsatisfactory knowledge of medical personnel concerning a legal estimation of the professional activity regarding possibility of reception of material compensation from patients for the actions entering into functions.

Conclusion. One of ways of decrease in frequency of attraction of medical personnel to criminal responsibility under «corruption» clauses in obligatory inclusion of legal questions in cycles of qualification improvement of doctors irrespective of their speciality within the limits of continuous continuous medical education.
Accuracy of in vitro mandibular volumetric measurements from CBCT of different voxel sizes with different segmentation threshold settings
Authors: Dong Ting , Xia Lunguo , cai chenglin , Yuan Lingjun , Ye Nainsong , Fang Bing
Published: June 2019

Background: To determine the accuracy of volumetric measurements of the mandible in vitro by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to analyze the inﬂuence of voxel sizes and segmentation threshold settings on it.
Methods：The samples were obtained from pig mandibles and scanned with 4 voxel sizes: .125 mm, .20 mm, .30 mm, and .40 mm. The minimum segmentation thresholds in Hounsﬁeld units (HU) were set as 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400, respectively, for each voxel size for 3D reconstruction. Laser scanning as the reference, the volumes of each CBCT scanning, the mean iterative distances of superimposition and total positive and negative deviations were recorded and compared.
Results：The volumes of CBCT-scan deviated from those of laser-scan by +7.67% to -3.05% with different HU and voxel sizes. The deviation increased with the voxel size. There was a more suitable minimum HU threshold of segmentation (HU100 for .125 mm, 200 for .20 mm, 300 for .30 mm, and 400 for .40 mm) for each voxel size.
Conclusions：Voxel sizes and Hounsfield unit thresholds influence the accuracy of volumetric measurements in CBCT scanning. The volume increase with the voxel size, and different voxel sizes correspond to different optimal Hounsfield unit thresholds.
Društvene transformacije i pedagoške interpretacije poželjnog odgoja
Authors: Pintar Željka
Published: June 2019

U radu se tematiziraju promjene pedagoških paradigmi ovisno o društveno-povijesnom kontekstu u kojemu nastaju. Svaka pedagoška ideja razrađena u društvenim dokumentima koji oblikuju rad ustanova za rani i predškolski odgoj rezultat je kolektivnog promišljanja o viziji razvoja i napretka društva. Različita povijesna razdoblja, obilježena svojim znanjima, potrebama i interesima, oblikuju sebi svojstveno političko, gospodarsko, kulturno, obrazovno okruženje. Upravo je zato razumijevanje pojedinih pedagoških paradigmi moguće jedino kroz razmatranje i uvažavanje konteksta u kojemu se provode. Budući da ne postoje univerzalne pedagoške istine, potrebno je isticati važnost istraživačkog pristupa odgojno-obrazovnoj zbilji. Uočavanje karakteristika aktualne pedagoške paradigme kroz objektivnu percepciju njezinih pozitivnih i nedorečenih elemenata omogućuje njeno sustavno korigiranje na dobrobit djeteta kojemu je primarno namijenjena.
Percipirani dobici u nedaćama oboljenja/invaliditeta
Authors: Stamenković Tadić Barbara
Published: June 2019

Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati učinkovitost jednokratnih edukacija gimnazijalaca i studenata o pozitivnim učincima suočavanja s bolešću/invaliditetom (poput većeg cijenjenja zdravlja i života, promjene u životnim prioritetima, poboljšanja bliskih odnosa, vođenja zdravijeg stila života, većeg samopouzdanja, itd.). Prije i poslije edukacija prikupljeni su podaci od 11 učenika i 16 studenata pomoću semantičkog diferencijala te mjera za ispitivanje doživljaja stupnja hendikepiranosti, nesposobnosti i ovisnosti te mogućnosti vođenja sretnog i ispunjenog života kod osoba s kroničnom bolešću/invaliditetom. Podaci su analizirani jednosmjernim testom predznaka i jednosmjernim Wilcoxonovim testom ekvivalentnih parova. U završnim mjerenjima utvrđeni su pozitivniji prosječni opisi osoba s kroničnom bolešću/invaliditetom kod 7 učenika i 13 studenata. Najveća promjena stavova evidentirana je u smanjenju broja učenika koji oboljele doživljavaju nezadovoljnima i slabima te u smanjenju broja studenata koji oboljele doživljavaju nezadovoljnima i obeshrabrenima. Značajnija promjena stavova evidentirana je i u smanjenju broja sudionika koji oboljele doživljavaju slabima, tužnima, pasivnima i rezigniranima te u povećanju broja sudionika koji oboljele doživljavaju produktivnima. Nije došlo do promjene dominantno negativnih doživljaja oboljelih kao osoba s »hendikepom« te kao neprivlačnih, onesposobljenih i ovisnih o drugima. Nakon edukacija, više od 4/5 učenika i studenata izjavilo je da zbog stečenih spoznaja ima pozitivnije stavove prema bolesti i oboljelima te da će im one pomoći u unapređenju odnosa s oboljelim osobama i u suočavanju s bolestima tijekom života. U završnim mjerenjima utvrđeni pozitivniji stavovi sudionika prema bolesti/ invaliditetu i oboljelima sugeriraju relativnu učinkovitost provedenih edukacija te se preporuča njihova daljnja implementacija.
Quark-gluon tagging: Machine learning vs detector
Authors: Kasieczka Gregor , Kiefer Nicholas , Plehn Tilman , Thompson Jennifer
Published: June 2019

Distinguishing quarks from gluons based on low-level detector output
is one of the most challenging applications of multi-variate and machine
learning techniques at the LHC. We first show the performance of our
4-vector-based LoLa tagger without and after considering detector
effects. We then discuss two benchmark applications, mono-jet searches
with a gluon-rich signal and di-jet resonances with a quark-rich signal.
In both cases an immediate benefit compared to the standard event-level
analysis exists.
Assessment of bacterial diversity in western Accra, Ghana, drinking water samples
Authors: Ecklu-Mensah Gertrude , Sackey Sammy T. , Morrison Hilary G. , Sogin Mitchell L. , Murphy Leslie G. , Reznikoff William S.
Published: June 2019

The design and performance characteristics of municipal drinking water systems can profoundly influence public health. To assess the operational attributes of an Accra, Ghana drinking water distribution system, high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing was employed to characterize its bacterial community composition. Samples from the waterworks and four household sources (one household tap and three polytank storage units) were analyzed within one of the Accra's distribution networks over a 4-month period. Samples provided between 9,059 and 20,076 reads (average = 13,056) that represented a broad range of bacterial diversity, including rare genera. Minimum Entropy Decomposition (MED) analysis showed that the sequences described four major assemblages. Assemblages 1 and 2 dominated the waterworks and household tap samples while polytank storage unit samples, with one exception, contained assemblages 3 or 4. The considerable bacterial taxonomic difference between different sources suggests that contamination and/or selective growth shapes bacterial community structures after treatment at the waterworks. Of particular interest are the major differences between the polytank samples following storage and the tap/waterworks samples, suggesting that water storage (stagnation) can select for unique microbial populations.
Educação e Democracia:
Authors: Almeida Maria da Conceição de
Published: June 2019

O artigo expõe alguns cenários das sociedades atuais no que diz respeito à universalização do sistema capitalista por meio da imposição de um modelo monocultural e produtivista (Vandana Shiva; Claude Lévi-Strauss; Isabelle Stengers). No interior desse processo, a educação formal e a gestão acadêmica dos conhecimentos e das ciências têm se distanciado de seus ideários mais nobres no que tange a uma formação integral dos cidadãos: o cultivo da inteligência e da criatividade para imaginar e construir um mundo mais justo e marcado pela diversidade de formas de ser e viver. Somente pela recusa ao modelo empresarial-produtivista, que compromete a imaginação radical (Nuccio Ordine; Norval Baitello Júnior), as universidades públicas poderão reencontrar o lugar que as distingui das universidades-empresas. As universidades públicas podem e devem ultrapassar o processo exclusivamente técnico-científico de formação para o mercado que leva a uma regressão da democracia (Edgar Morin).
Samuel Beckett: para uma poética da ruptura
Authors: Terenzi Juan Manuel
Published: June 2019

Tradução ao português do artigo Samuel Beckett: hacia una poética del desgarro, escrito pelo Prof. Dr. Lucas Margarit. O artigo foi originalmente publicado na revista Función Lenguaje: Revista multidisciplinar del Centro de Literatura Aplicada de Madrid em 2013.
Lydia Bennet na websérie The Lizzie Bennet Diaries e no romance Pride and Prejudice:
Authors: Lourenço Daiane da Silva
Published: June 2019

A adaptação The Lizzie Bennet Diaries (2012) insere comentários sobre o romance Orgulho e Preconceito (1813) que possibilitam ao público alcançar interpretações que dificilmente seriam obtidas com o conhecimento de apenas uma das obras. Neste trabalho, abordamos a relação dialógica entre o romance e a adaptação (BRUHN, 2013; HUTCHEON, 2013). O conhecimento do romance enriquece a compreensão da adaptação, assim como a adaptação comenta aspectos do romance. Adotando tal perspectiva, analisamos a representação da personagem Lydia Bennet na adaptação. Apesar de ser considerada secundária em diversas adaptações e de não ser aprofundada no romance, Lydia é uma personagem complexa na websérie. As alterações e adições realizadas explicam aspectos do romance que poderiam passar despercebidos por leitores que não compreendem o contexto social, histórico e cultural do início do século XIX. Por isso, uma leitura dialógica da adaptação pode suscitar uma nova visão da personagem Lydia Bennet.
Legume Proteins as a Promising Source of Anti-Inflammatory Peptides
Authors: Reyes-Díaz Aline , Del-Toro-Sánchez Carmen Lizette , Rodríguez-Figueroa José Carlos , Valdéz-Hurtado Santiago , Wong-Corral Francisco Javier , Borboa-Flores Jesús , González-Osuna María Fernanda , Perez-Perez Liliana Maribel , González-Vega Ricardo Iván
Published: June 2019

Legume proteins are precursors of bioactive components, such as peptides. In the present paper,
different types of legume as sources of bioactive peptides and hydrolysates are considered and discussed
based on their anti-inflammatory effect. Peptides with anti-inflammatory activity were included
from in vitro and in vivo studies. Current strategies for obtaining bioactive peptides, as well as their
structure and impact on health, were also reviewed. It was discovered that peptides derived from legume
protein, mainly soybean and bean, can regulate several inflammatory markers, which include prostaglandin
E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-
2), cytokines, and chemokines. So far, lunasin, VPY and γ-glutamyl peptides have been identified with
anti-inflammatory activity but their mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, it is necessary
to gather more information about hydrolysates containing peptides and single peptides with antiinflammatory
activity. Considering the wide diversity, legume may be promising components to produce
peptides efficient to ameliorate inflammatory disorders.
Targeting Tubulin-colchicine Site for Cancer Therapy: Inhibitors, Antibody- Drug Conjugates and Degradation Agents
Authors: Duan Yongtao , Liu Wei , Tian Liang , Mao Yanna , Song Chuanjun
Published: June 2019

Microtubules are essential for the mitotic division of cells and have been an attractive target
for antitumour drugs due to the increased incidence of cancer and significant mitosis rate of tumour cells.
In the past few years, tubulin-colchicine binding site, as one of the three binding pockets including taxol-,
vinblastine- and colchicine-binding sites, has been focused on to design tubulin-destabilizing agents including
inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates and degradation agents. The present review is the first to
cover a systemic and recent synopsis of tubulin-colchicine binding site agents. We believe that it would
provide an increase in our understanding of receptor-ligand interaction pattern and consciousness of a
series of challenges about tubulin target druggability.
Forging New Scaffolds from Old: Combining Scaffold Hopping and Hierarchical Virtual Screening for Identifying Novel Bcl-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Kanakaveti Vishnupriya , Rathinasamy Sakthivel , Rayala Suresh K. , Gromiha Michael
Published: June 2019

Background:

Though virtual screening methods have proven to be potent in various instances, the
technique is practically incomplete to quench the need of drug discovery process. Thus, the quest for novel
designing approaches and chemotypes for improved efficacy of lead compounds has been intensified and logistic
approaches such as scaffold hopping and hierarchical virtual screening methods were evolved. Till now,
in all the previous attempts these two approaches were applied separately.

Objective:

In the current work, we made a novel attempt in terms of blending scaffold hopping and hierarchical
virtual screening. The prime objective is to assess the hybrid method for its efficacy in identifying active
lead molecules for emerging PPI target Bcl-2 (B-cell Lymphoma 2).

Method:

We designed novel scaffolds from the reported cores and screened a set of 8270 compounds using
both scaffold hopping and hierarchical virtual screening for Bcl-2 protein. Also, we enumerated the libraries
using clustering, PAINS filtering, physicochemical characterization and SAR matching.

Results:

We generated a focused library of compounds towards Bcl-2 interface, screened the 8270 compounds
and identified top hits for seven families upon fine filtering with PAINS algorithm, features, SAR mapping,
synthetic accessibility and similarity search. Our approach retrieved a set of 50 lead compounds.

Conclusions:

Finding rational approach meeting the needs of drug discovery process for PPI targets is the need
of the hour which can be fulfilled by an extended scaffold hopping approach resulting in focused PPI targeting
by providing novel leads with better potency.
Molecular Surveillance of HIV-1 Infection in Krasnoyarsk Region, Russia: Epidemiology, Phylodynamics and Phylogeography
Authors: Neshumaev Dmitry , Lebedev Aleksey , Malysheva Marina , Boyko Anatoly , Skudarnov Sergey , Ozhmegova Ekaterina , Antonova Anastasia , Kazennova Elena , Bobkova Marina
Published: June 2019

Background:

The information about the dynamics of the viral population and migration events that affect the epidemic in different parts of the Russia is insufficient. Possibly, the huge size of the country and limited transport accessibility to certain territories may determine unique traits of the HIV-1 evolutionary history in different regions.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the Krasnoyarsk region and reconstruct spatial-temporal dynamics of the infection in the region.

Methods:

The demographic and virologic data from 281 HIV-infected individuals in Krasnoyarsk region collected during 2011-2016 were analyzed. The time to the most recent common ancestor, evolutionary rates, population growth, and ancestral geographic movements was estimated using Bayesian coalescent-based methods.

Results:

The study revealed moderate diversity of the HIV-1 subtypes found in the region, which included A6 (92.3%), CRF063_02A (4.3%), B (1.1%), and unique recombinants (2.5%). Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the A6 subtype was introduced into Krasnoyarsk region by one viral lineage, which arose around 1996.9 (1994.5-1999.5). The phylogeography analysis pointed to Krasnoyarsk city as the geographical center of the epidemic, which further spread to central neighboring districts of the region. At least two epidemic growth phases of subtype A6 were identified which included exponential growth in early-2000s followed by the decline in the mid/late 2010s.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates a change in the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the Krasnoyarsk region. At the beginning of the epidemic, subtype A6 prevailed, subtypes B and CRF063_02A appeared in the region later.
Design of New Therapeutic Agents Targeting FLT3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Using Molecular Docking and 3D-QSAR Approach
Authors: Bhujbal Swapnil Pandurang , Keretsu Seketoulie , Cho Seung Joo
Published: June 2019

Background:

FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) belongs to the class III Receptor
Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) family. FLT3 is involved in normal hematopoiesis and is generally
expressed in early hematopoietic progenitor cells. Mutations either with an internal tandem
duplication of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3-ITD) or point mutation at the activation loop leads
to the Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), a highly heterogeneous disease. Thus, FLT3 is an important
therapeutic target for AML.

Method:

In the present work, docking and 3D-QSAR techniques were performed on a series of
diaminopyrimidine derivatives as FLT3 kinase antagonists.

Results:

Docking study recognized important active site residues such as Leu616, Gly617, Val624,
Ala642, Phe830, Tyr693, Cys694, Cys695, Tyr696 and Gly697 that participate in the inhibition of
FLT3 kinase. Receptor-based CoMFA, RF-CoMFA and CoMSIA models were developed. RFCoMFA
model revealed relatively better statistical results compared to other models. Furthermore,
the selected RF-CoMFA model was evaluated using various validation techniques. Contour maps of
the RF-CoMFA illustrated that steric and electronegative substitutions were favored at R1 position
whereas steric and electropositive substitutions were favored at R2 position to enhance the potency.

Conclusion:

Based on the designed strategy, we derived from the contour map analysis, 14 novel
FLT3 inhibitors were designed and their activities were predicted. These designed inhibitors
exhibited more potent activity than the most active compounds of the dataset.
Design and Biological Evaluation of Novel Imidazolyl Flavonoids as Potent and Selective Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors
Authors: Han Rong Y. , Ge Yu , Zhang Ling , Wang Qing M.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B are considered to be a desirable validated
target for therapeutic development of type II diabetes and obesity.

Methods:

A new series of imidazolyl flavonoids as potential protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors
were synthesized and evaluated.

Results:

Bioactive results indicated that some synthesized compounds exhibited potent protein
phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities at the micromolar range. Especially, compound 8b
showed the best inhibitory activity (IC50=1.0 µM) with 15-fold selectivity for PTP1B over the
closely related T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). Cell viability assays indicated that 8b
is cell permeable with lower cytotoxicity. Molecular modeling and dynamics studies revealed the
reason for selectivity of PTP1B over TCPTP. Quantum chemical studies were carried out on these
compounds to understand the structural features essential for activity.

Conclusion:

Compound 8b should be a potential selective PTP1B inhibitor.
Anti-Mycobacterial Peroxides: A New Class of Agents for Development Against Tuberculosis
Authors: van der Westhuyzen Christiaan W. , Haynes Richard K. , Panayides Jenny-Lee , Wiid Ian , Parkinson Christopher J.
Published: June 2019

Background:

With few exceptions, existing tuberculosis drugs were developed many years ago and resistance profiles have emerged. This has created a need for new drugs with discrete modes of action. There is evidence that tuberculosis (like other bacteria) is susceptible to oxidative pressure and this has yet to be properly utilised as a therapeutic approach in a manner similar to that which has proven highly successful in malaria therapy.

Objective:

To develop an alternative approach to the incorporation of bacterial siderophores that results in the creation of antitubercular peroxidic leads for subsequent development as novel agents against tuberculosis.

Methods:

Eight novel peroxides were prepared and the antitubercular activity (H37Rv) was compared to existing artemisinin derivatives in vitro. The potential for toxicity was evaluated against the L6 rat skeletal myoblast and HeLa cervical cancer lines in vitro.

Results:

The addition of a pyrimidinyl residue to an artemisinin or, preferably, a tetraoxane peroxidic structure results in antitubercular activity in vitro. The same effect is not observed in the absence of the pyrimidine or with other heteroaromatic substituents.

Conclusion:

The incorporation of a pyrimidinyl residue adjacent to the peroxidic function in an organic peroxide results in anti-tubercular activity in an otherwise inactive peroxidic compound. This will be a useful approach for creating oxidative drugs to target tuberculosis.
Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Association with Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Some Trace Elements. A Retrospective Study
Authors: El Fotoh Wafaa Moustafa M. Abo , El Naby Sameh Abdallah Abd , Abd El Hady Nahla M. Said
Published: June 2019

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) as a considerable health obstacle in kids
is characterized by compromised social collaboration and stereotyped behavior. Autism is triggered by
an interactive impact of environmental and genetic influences. Presumably, some inborn errors of metabolism
are implicated in a sector of developmental disabilities. Also, several trace elements may
have an important role in human behavior and neurological development. This study was designed to
verify the frequency of inherited metabolic disorders and/or trace element abnormalities in children
with ASD.

Methods: In a retrospective analytical study, 320 children diagnosed with ASD according to the DSM-V
criteria and Childhood Autism Rating Scale criteria were enrolled in this study. Serum ammonia,
blood lactate, and arterial blood gases, plasma amino acid profile by tandem mass spectrophotometry,
and a urinary organic acid assay were performed in all the patients. Likewise, the estimation of a number
of trace elements in the form of serum lead, mercury, copper, and plasma zinc was done in all the
patients.

Results: A total of 320 children with ASD, inherited metabolic disorders were identified in eight
(2.5%) patients as follows: seven (2.19%) patients with phenylketonuria, and one (0.31%) patient with
glutaric aciduria type 1. Regarding the trace element deficiency, sixteen (5%) patients presented low
plasma zinc level, five (1.56%) children presented a high serum copper level, two (0.62%) children
presented a high serum lead level and only one (0.31%) autistic child presented high serum mercury
level. Electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities were reported in 13.12% and Magnetic Resonant
Imaging (MRI) abnormalities in 8.43% of cases.

Conclusion: Screening for metabolic diseases and trace elements is required in all children diagnosed
with ASD irrespective of any apparent clinical attributes of metabolic complaints and trace elements
discrepancies.
Mothers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Child Immunization in Georgia
Authors: Verulava Tengiz , Jaiani Mariam , Lordkipanidze Ana , Jorbenadze Revaz , Dangadze Beka
Published: June 2019

Background:

Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop protection from a disease. It is the most cost-effective mechanism for disease prevention that allows people to have better protection from specific bacteria and viruses.

Objective:

The goal of the research is to determine mothers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards child immunization.

Methods:

In the framework of a cross-sectional study, 188 mothers with children from three to five years of age, were surveyed in 7 kindergartens of Tbilisi (capital city of Georgia). The semi-structured questionnaire was administered in a face-to-face manner.

Results:

The majority of interviewed mothers (97%) showed a positive attitude towards immunization and believe that vaccination plays an important role in disease prevention. 32% do not have sufficient information about the routine vaccination schedule and subsequently, 36% of children have incomplete vaccination. The reasons for incomplete vaccination are: a lack of knowledge about a routine vaccination schedule (25.5%), limited information about the necessity of the second or the third dose of vaccination (18.6%), fear of post-vaccination side effects (16%) and fear of a child illness (9.6%). A significant association was found between mothers’ education, practice and attitude regarding immunization. Health institutions (49.5%) and internet sources (21.3%) were the most popular sources of information about immunization.

Conclusion:

Incomplete immunization is related to mother’s lack of information about the immunization schedules, limited awareness about the second and the third dose of vaccination, and it is also related to fear of child getting sick after the vaccination. Some respondents believe that vaccination is not safe and can cause serious side effects. But the majority of mothers have a positive attitude towards child immunization, but their levels of awareness are very low and they do not have comprehensive information about a routine vaccination schedule. It is necessary to raise public awareness of the importance of immunization by implementing educational programs and by traditional and social media.
A New Interpretation of Otzi, the Iceman
Authors: N. Kristensen Gustav
Published: June 2019

China is the home of acupuncture, but the origin of this treatment method is unclear. The discovery of Ötzi is a milestone in the discussion of acupuncture and has led to a new interpretation of cause and effect. An interpretation, according to which Europe is the pioneer ahead of China. The literature distinguishes between “a form of acupuncture” and “acupuncture”. This distinction is superfluous in a historical context.