bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The taxonomic composition, distribution and abundance of the phytoplankton flora of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm Lake, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Olatidoye O.R. , Oyelowo O.J. , Jeminiwa O.R. , Woghiren A.I. , Ikechukwuka O.M.
Published: September 2017

The study determined the abundance and distribution of phytoplankton flora of an impoundment in the Agricultural Teaching and Research Farm of ObafemiAwolowo University (O.A.U), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. The study was carried out over an annual cycle from September 2006- August 2007, Phytoplankton and water samples were collected monthly from three sampling stations by filtering 50 litres of water through a phytoplankton net of 45μm mesh size to a concentrate volume of about 30ml preserved in 5% formalin solution. The phytoplankton were viewed under a compound light microscope at both scanning power (x40) and low power (x100), measured with an ocular micrometer drawn to scale, counted and later identified using various phytoplankton identification keys on Nigerian freshwaters.The results showed that one hundred and fifteen species of phytoplankton belonging to five divisions, seven classes, nineteen orders, forty seven families and eighty three genera were recorded. The predominant genera in terms of occurrence and abundance were members of the green algae (Division Chlorophyta) and included Tetradesmus, Ulotrix, Tetraspora, Protosiphon, Chlorella, Closteriopsis and Pediastrum. Phytoplankton occurrence and abundance were slightly higher in the rainy season (600±350) than in the dry season (533±186) (f= 0.918, p= 0.05). The highest values were recorded at the surface stations of the lake.It was concluded that the water body was comparatively rich in phytoplankton flora. Also the occurrence of some species in the water body such as scenedesmus, stauraastum, Tetradesmus, Ulotrix, Tetraspora and Pediastrum species suggested a high level of primary productivity and a non-polluted lake that was oligotrophic to moderately eutrophic.Keywords: Phytoplankton, composition, distribution, abundance
Efficacy of two selected plant extracts Azadirachta indica and Ageratum conizoides on insect pests of Amaranthus hybridus and Corchorus olitorus L.
Authors: Fawole O.A. , Smart M.O. , Isola J.O.
Published: September 2017

study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of two selected plants extract (Azadirachta indica and Ageratum conizoides) on insect pests of Amaranthus hybridus and Corchorus olitorus L. The study was carried out at the research plots of the Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan Oyo state. The area lies between latitude 7o 23׀N and longitude 3o 51 ׀E Plant extracts of both Azadirachta indica and Ageratum conizoides at 50g and 100g dissolved in 100cl of water was applied to the vegetables replicated three times and laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The following parameters were measured: insect density, number of insect perforations on the leaves for four weeks and plant weight after the experiment. The significant difference among the treatments was determined using Duncan Multiple Range Test.The result of the study showed that Ageratum conizoides at 100g with 100cl of water had the best performance while the control had the least performance in terms of insect density, number of insect perforations and plant weight of both vegetables. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in terms of insect density, number of insect perforations and plant weight of both vegetables along the blocks while it showed significant difference (P<0.05) in insect density, number of insect perforations and plant weight of both vegetables between the treatments at 5% level of probability.It is therefore concluded that goat weed (Ageratum conizoides) extracts at 100g in 100cl of water is a good proportion to be used in controlling the insect pest of Amaranthus hybridus and Corchorus olitorus L.Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Ageratum conizoides, Amaranthus hybridus and Corchorus olitorus
Beyond Alternative Food Networks
Authors: Grasseni Cristina
Published: September 2017

Food activism is core to the contemporary study of food - there are numerous foodscapes which exist within the umbrella definition of food activism from farmer's markets, organic food movements to Fair Trade. This highly original book focuses on one key emerging foodscape dominating the Italian alternative food network (AFN) scene: GAS (gruppi di acquisto solidale or solidarity-based purchase groups) and explores the innovative social dynamics underlying these networks and the reasons behind their success.

Based on a detailed 'insider' ethnography, this study interprets the principles behind these movements and key themes such as collective buying, relationships with local producers and consumers, financial management, to the everyday political and practical negotiation involving GAS groups. Vitally, the author demonstrates how GAS processes are key to providing survival strategies for small farms, local food chains and sustainable agriculture as a whole.

Beyond Alternative Food Networks offers a fresh and engaged approach to this area, demonstrating the capacity for individuals to join organised forms of alternative political ecologies and impact upon their local food systems and practices. These social groups help to create new economic circuits that help promote sustainability, both for the environment and labor practices.

Beyond Alternative Food Networks provides original insight and in-depth analysis of the alternative food network now thriving in Italy, and highlights ways such networks become embedded in active citizenship practices, cooperative relationships, and social networks.
Food Waste
Authors: Evans David
Published: September 2017

In recent years, food waste has risen to the top of the political and public agenda, yet until now there has been no scholarly analysis applied to the topic as a complement and counter-balance to campaigning and activist approaches.

Using ethnographic material to explore global issues, Food Waste unearths the processes that lie behind the volume of food currently wasted by households and consumers. The author demonstrates how waste arises as a consequence of households negotiating the complex and contradictory demands of everyday life, explores the reasons why surplus food ends up in the bin, and considers innovative solutions to the problem.

Drawing inspiration from studies of consumption and material culture alongside social science perspectives on everyday life and the home, this lively yet scholarly book is ideal for students and researchers from a wide range of disciplines, along with anyone interested in understanding the food that we waste.
Global food futures
Authors: Gardner Brian
Published: September 2017

By 2050 the world will be faced with the enormous challenge of feeding 9 billion people despite being affected by climate change, rising energy costs and pressure on food growing land and other major resources. How will the world produce 70% more food by 2050 to feed a projected extra 2.3 billion people? What will be the impact of food shortages and high prices on areas in crisis such as sub-Sahara Africa? Where will future production growth come from? And how do we balance the need for environmental protection with sustainable agricultural production methods?

This is the first text to present a scholarly, balanced approach to the contentious area of food production and supply up to 2050 - offering a readable and well-informed account which tackles the global food situation in all its totality, from agricultural production, technological advance, dietary concerns, population changes, income trends, environmental issues, government food and agriculture policy, trade, financial markets, macroeconomics and food security. Highly accessible and written by a specialist author with experience as an agricultural analyst, policy advisor and researcher, Global Food Futures synthesises the key issues in one volume.
A Hermit’s Cookbook
Authors: Jotischky Andrew
Published: September 2017

How did medieval hermits survive on their self-denying diet? What did they eat, and how did unethical monks get around the rules? The Egyptian hermit Onuphrios was said to have lived entirely on dates, and perhaps the most famous of all hermits, John the Baptist, on locusts and wild honey. Was it really possible to sustain life on so little food?

The history of monasticism is defined by the fierce and passionate abandonment of the ordinary comforts of life, the most striking being food and drink. A Hermit’s Cookbook opens with stories and pen portraits of the Desert Fathers of early Christianity and their followers who were ascetic solitaries, hermits and pillar-dwellers. It proceeds to explore how the ideals of the desert fathers were revived in both the Byzantine and western traditions, looking at the cultivation of food in monasteries, eating and cooking, and why hunting animals was rejected by any self-respecting hermit. Full of rich anecdotes, and including recipes for basic monk’s stew and bread soup – and many others – this is a fascinating story of hermits, monks, food and fasting in the Middle Ages.
Food Studies
Authors: Miller Jeff , Deutsch Jonathan
Published: September 2017

This title is a guide to doing research in the burgeoning field of food studies. Designed for the classroom as well as for the independent scholar, the book details the predominant research methods in the field, provides a series of interactive questions and templates to help guide a project, and includes suggestions for food-specific resources such as archives, libraries and reference works. Interviews with leading scholars in the field and discussions of how the study of food can enhance traditional methods are included.

Food Studies: An Introduction to Research Methods begins with an overview of food studies and research methods followed by a guide to the literature. Four methodological “baskets” representing the major methodologies of the field are explored together with interviews from leading scholars in: food history (Ken Albala); ethnographic methods (Carole Counihan); material culture and media studies (Psyche Williams-Forson); and quantitative methods (Jeffery Sobal). The book concludes with chapters on research ethics, including working with human subjects, and technology tools for research.
Home Cooking in the Global Village
Authors: Wilk Richard
Published: September 2017

Winner of the Society for Economic Anthropology Annual Book Prize 2008.

Belize, a tiny corner of the Caribbean wedged into Central America, has been a fast food nation since buccaneers and pirates first stole ashore. As early as the 1600s it was already caught in the great paradox of globalization: how can you stay local and relish your own home cooking, while tasting the delights of the global marketplace? Menus, recipes and bad colonial poetry combine with Wilk’s sharp anthropological insight to give an important new perspective on the perils and problems of globalization.
Food and Urbanism
Authors: Parham Susan
Published: September 2017

Cities are now home to over fifty per cent of the world’s population, but the contribution of food to shaping cities is often overlooked. Food matters in designing and planning cities because how it is grown, transported, bought, cooked, eaten, cleaned up and disposed of has significant effects on creating a sustainable, resilient and convivial urban future.

The book explores methods for extending the gastronomic possibilities of urban space - from the scale of the table to the metropolis. Using a wealth of examples from cities worldwide, the book explores how physical design and socio-spatial arrangements focused on food can help maintain socially rich, productive and sustainable urban space. Underpinning the book’s analysis of food and cities is the view that decisions about a hyper-urban future should recognise the fundamental role of food.

Food and Urbanism provides an original and new contribution to food scholarship; exploring some intriguing research questions about the ways that food, urbanism and sustainable conviviality interconnect.
The Ethnic Restaurateur
Authors: Ray Krishnendu
Published: September 2017

Academic discussions of ethnic food have tended to focus on the attitudes of consumers, rather than the creators and producers. In this ground-breaking new book, Krishnendu Ray reverses this trend by exploring the culinary world from the perspective of the ethnic restaurateur.

Focusing on New York City, he examines the lived experience, work, memories, and aspirations of immigrants working in the food industry. He shows how migrants become established in new places, creating a taste of home and playing a key role in influencing food cultures as a result of transactions between producers, consumers and commentators.

Based on extensive interviews with immigrant restaurateurs and students, chefs and alumni at the Culinary Institute of America, ethnographic observation at immigrant eateries and haute institutional kitchens as well as historical sources such as the US census, newspaper coverage of restaurants, reviews, menus, recipes, and guidebooks, Ray reveals changing tastes in a major American city between the late 19th and through the 20th century.

Written by one of the most outstanding scholars in the field, The Ethnic Restaurateur is an essential read for students and academics in food studies, culinary arts, sociology, urban studies and indeed anyone interested in popular culture and cooking in the United States.
The Sexual Politics of Meat
Authors: Adams Carol J.
Published: September 2017

The Sexual Politics of Meat is Carol Adams’ inspiring and controversial exploration of the interplay between contemporary society’s ingrained cultural misogyny and its obsession with meat and masculinity. First published in 1990, the book has continued to change the lives of tens of thousands of readers into the second decade of the 21st century.

Published in the year of the book’s 25th anniversary, the Bloomsbury Revelations edition includes a substantial new afterword, including more than 20 new images and discussions of recent events that prove beyond doubt the continuing relevance of Adams’ revolutionary book.
Comparative measurements of ambient atmospheric concentrations of ice nucleating particles using multiple immersion freezing methods and a continuous flow diffusion chamber
Authors: DeMott Paul J. , Hill Thomas C. J. , Petters Markus D. , Bertram Allan K. , Tobo Yutaka , Mason Ryan H. , Suski Kaitlyn J. , McCluskey Christina S. , Levin Ezra J. T. , Schill Gregory P. , Boose Yvonne , Rauker Anne Marie , Miller Anna J. , Zaragoza Jake , Rocci Katherine , Rothfuss Nicholas E. , Taylor Hans P. , Hader John D. , Chou Cedric , Huffman J. Alex , Pöschl Ulrich , Prenni Anthony J. , Kreidenweis Sonia M.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. A number of new measurement methods for ice nucleating particles (INPs) have been introduced in recent years, and it is important to address how these methods compare. Laboratory comparisons of instruments sampling major INP types are common, but few comparisons have occurred for ambient aerosol measurements exploring the utility, consistency and complementarity of different methods to cover the large dynamic range of INP concentrations that exists in the atmosphere. In this study, we assess the comparability of four offline immersion freezing measurement methods (Colorado State University ice spectrometer, IS; North Carolina State University cold stage, CS; National Institute for Polar Research Cryogenic Refrigerator Applied to Freezing Test, CRAFT; University of British Columbia micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor–droplet freezing technique, MOUDI-DFT) and an online method (continuous flow diffusion chamber, CFDC) used in a manner deemed to promote/maximize immersion freezing, for the detection of INPs in ambient aerosols at different locations and in different sampling scenarios. We also investigated the comparability of different aerosol collection methods used with offline immersion freezing instruments. Excellent agreement between all methods could be obtained for several cases of co-sampling with perfect temporal overlap. Even for sampling periods that were not fully equivalent, the deviations between atmospheric INP number concentrations measured with different methods were mostly less than 1 order of magnitude. In some cases, however, the deviations were larger and not explicable without sampling and measurement artifacts. Overall, the immersion freezing methods seem to effectively capture INPs that activate as single particles in the modestly supercooled temperature regime (> −20 °C), although more comparisons are needed in this temperature regime that is difficult to access with online methods. Relative to the CFDC method, three immersion freezing methods that disperse particles into a bulk liquid (IS, CS, CRAFT) exhibit a positive bias in measured INP number concentrations below −20 °C, increasing with decreasing temperature. This bias was present but much less pronounced for a method that condenses separate water droplets onto limited numbers of particles prior to cooling and freezing (MOUDI-DFT). Potential reasons for the observed differences are discussed, and further investigations proposed to elucidate the role of all factors involved.
Climatic factors contributing to long-term variations of fine dust concentration in the United States
Authors: Pu Bing , Ginoux Paul
Published: September 2017

Abstract. High concentration of dust particles can cause respiratory problems and increase non-accidental mortality. Studies found fine dust (with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns) is an important component of the total PM2.5 mass in the western and central U.S. in spring and summer and has positive trends. This work examines factors influencing long-term variations of fine dust concentration in the U.S. using station data from the Interagency Monitoring Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network during 1990–2015. The variations of the fine dust concentration can be largely explained by the variations of precipitation, surface bareness, and 10 m wind speed. Moreover, including convective parameters such as convective inhibition (CIN) and convective available potential energy (CAPE) better explains the variations and trends over the Great Plains from spring to fall. While the positive trend of fine dust concentration in the Southwest in spring is associated with precipitation deficit, the increasing of fine dust over the central Great Plains in summer is largely associated with an enhancing of CIN and a weakening of CAPE, which are related to increased atmospheric stability due to surface drying and lower troposphere warming. The positive trend of the Great Plains low-level jet also contributes to the increasing of fine dust concentration in the central Great Plains in summer via its connections with surface winds and CIN. Summer dusty days in the central Great Plains are usually associated with a westward extension of the North Atlantic subtropical high that intensifies the Great Plains low-level jet and also results in a stable atmosphere with subsidence and reduced precipitation.
Channel Analysis for a 6.4 Gb s−1 DDR5 Data Buffer Receiver Front-End
Authors: Lehmann Stefanie , Gerfers Friedel
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In this contribution, the channel characteristic of the next generation DDR5-SDRAM architecture and possible approaches to overcome channel impairments are analysed. Because modern enterprise server applications and networks demand higher memory bandwidth, throughput and capacity, the DDR5-SDRAM specification is currently under development as a follow-up of DDR4-SDRAM technology. In this specification, the data rate is doubled to DDR5-6400 per IO as compared to the former DDR4-3200 architecture, resulting in a total per DIMM data rate of up to 409.6 Gb s−1. The single-ended multi-point-to-point CPU channel architecture in DDRX technology remains the same for DDR5 systems. At the specified target data rate, insertion loss, reflections, cross-talk as well as power supply noise become more severe and have to be considered. Using the data buffer receiver front-end of a load-reduced memory module, sophisticated equalisation techniques can be applied to ensure target BER at the increased data rate. In this work, the worst case CPU back-plane channel is analysed to derive requirements for receiver-side equalisation from the channel response characteristics. First, channel impairments such as inter-symbol-interference, reflections from the multi-point channel structure, and crosstalk from neighboring lines are analysed in detail. Based on these results, different correction methods for DDR5 data buffer front-ends are discussed. An architecture with 1-tap FFE in combination with a multi-tap DFE is proposed. Simulation of the architecture using a random input data stream is used to reveal the required DFE tap filter depth to effectively eliminate the dominant ISI and reflection based error components.
Effects of Aperture Size on Q factor and Shielding Effectiveness of a Cubic Resonator
Authors: Parr Stefan , Chromy Stephan , Dickmann Stefan , Schaarschmidt Martin
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The EMC properties of a cubic metallic shield are highly affected by its resonances. At the resonant frequencies, the shielding effectiveness (SE) collapses, which results in high field strengths inside the cavity. This can cause failure or even breakdown of electronic devices inside the shield. The resonant behaviour is mainly determined by the quality or Q factor of the shield. In this paper, the effects of the aperture size on the Q factor and the SE of an electrically large, cubic shield are analysed. At first, a method is developed in order to determine the Q factor based on the resonance behaviour of the shield in time domain. Only the first resonance of the shield is considered therefore. The results are evaluated for different aperture diameters and compared with theory for the Q factor. The dominant coupling mechanism of electromagnetic energy into the shield is thus identified. Then the effect of aperture size on the SE is analysed. The excitation of resonances is very probable if the interfering signal is an ultrawideband (UWB) pulse, which constitutes a typical intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) scenario. Therefore, the relation between aperture size and SE is analysed using the theory of the transient SE for a broadband signal with a constant spectral density distribution. The results show, that a worst case aperture size exists, where the SE has its minimum.
Optimizing the wireless power transfer over MIMO Channels
Authors: Wiedmann Karsten , Weber Tobias
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In this paper, the optimization of the power transfer over wireless channels having multiple-inputs and multiple-outputs (MIMO) is studied. Therefore, the transmitter, the receiver and the MIMO channel are modeled as multiports. The power transfer efficiency is described by a Rayleigh quotient, which is a function of the channel's scattering parameters and the incident waves from both transmitter and receiver side. This way, the power transfer efficiency can be maximized analytically by solving a generalized eigenvalue problem, which is deduced from the Rayleigh quotient. As a result, the maximum power transfer efficiency achievable over a given MIMO channel is obtained. This maximum can be used as a performance bound in order to benchmark wireless power transfer systems. Furthermore, the optimal operating point which achieves this maximum will be obtained. The optimal operating point will be described by the complex amplitudes of the optimal incident and reflected waves of the MIMO channel. This supports the design of the optimal transmitter and receiver multiports. The proposed method applies for arbitrary MIMO channels, taking transmitter-side and/or receiver-side cross-couplings in both near- and farfield scenarios into consideration. Special cases are briefly discussed in this paper in order to illustrate the method.
Behavioral modeling of nonlinear transfer systems with load-dependent X-parameters
Authors: Moosavi Seyed Mohammadamin , Widemann Christian , Mathis Wolfgang
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In this contribution, different approaches based on the X-parametersTM to model the behavior of mismatched nonlinear transfer systems are examined. The X-parameters based on the PHD1-principle introduced by Verspecht and Root (2006) as an extension of the well-known S-parameters describe nonlinear microwave 2-port-networks under large signal conditions. Using load-pull measurement techniques they can be used for arbitrary load situations. Beside this load-pull approach, in the work of Cai et al. (2015), it is stated that it is sufficient to use one optimized X-parameter set for each value of the load reflection coefficient without introducing a large error. In another contribution of Cai and Yu (2015), this approach is extended to cover the whole smith chart with one optimized X-parameter set instead. In this work, these different approaches are compared and brought into question. 1 polyharmonic distortion; Verspecht and Root (2006).
A Novel Target-Height Estimation Approach Using Radar-Wave Multipath Propagation for Automotive Applications
Authors: Laribi Amir , Hahn Markus , Dickmann Jürgen , Waldschmidt Christian
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This paper introduces a novel target height estimation approach using a Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) automotive radar. The presented algorithm takes advantage of radar wave multipath propagation to measure the height of objects in the vehicle surroundings. A multipath propagation model is presented first, then a target height is formulated using geometry, based on the presented propagation model. It is then shown from Sensor-Target geometry that height estimation of targets is highly dependent on the radar range resolution, target range and target height. The high resolution algorithm RELAX is discussed and applied to collected raw data to enhance the radar range resolution capability. This enables a more accurate height estimation especially for low targets. Finally, the results of a measurement campaign using corner reflectors at different heights are discussed to show that target heights can be very accurately resolved by the proposed algorithm and that for low targets an average mean height estimation error of 0.03 m has been achieved by the proposed height finding algorithm.
Sparse representation discretization errors in multi-sensor radar target motion estimation
Authors: Azodi Hossein , Siart Uwe , Eibert Thomas F.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In a multi-sensor radar for the estimation of the targets motion states, more than one module of transmitter and receiver are utilized to estimate the positions and velocities of targets, also known as motion states. By applying the compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithms, the surveillance space needs to be discretized. The effect of the additive errors due to the discretization are studied in this paper. The errors are considered as an additive noise in the well-known under-determined CS problem. By employing properties of these errors, analytical models for its average and variance are derived. Numerous simulations are carried out to verify the analytical model empirically. Furthermore, the probability density functions of discretization errors are estimated. The analytical model is useful for the optimization of the performance, the efficiency and the success rate in CS reconstruction for radar as well as many other applications.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with amplitude shift keying subcarrier modulation as a reliable and efficient transmission scheme for self-mixing receivers
Authors: Kornprobst Jonas , Mittermaier Thomas J. , Eibert Thomas F.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. A new receiving scheme for self-mixing receivers is presented that overcomes the disadvantages of the self-heterodyne concept. Generally speaking, the self-mixing receiver offers immunity to phase noise and frequency offsets, especially at very high frequencies, since it does not require radio frequency local oscillators. Our proposed technique eliminates the drawbacks of the self-heterodyne transmission scheme, which are the poor power efficiency and the strong dependence on the continously transmitted carrier. A nonlinear system of equations is constructed that describes a phase retrieval problem for the reconstruction of the original transmit signal before self-mixing. Two different solution strategies, with restrictions in time and frequency domain, are presented. As a consequence, the self-mixing equation system is shown to be solvable with some a-priori information about the transmit signal. With this novel approach, the transmitted information is distributed over the full available bandwidth, and there is no special dependence on a certain subcarrier for the down-conversion. The general performance, regarding bit error ratio over signal to noise ratio, is improved by at least 2 dB as compared to the self-heterodyne transmission scheme. In the case of frequency selective channels, e.g. multi-path propagation, this improvement is shown to be much larger, because the presented approach is able to reconstruct the received subcarriers without the necessity of receiving all subcarriers.
Soil properties impacting denitrifier community size, structure, and activity in New Zealand dairy-grazed pasture
Authors: Jha Neha , Saggar Surinder , Giltrap Donna , Tillman Russ , Deslippe Julie
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Denitrification is an anaerobic respiration process that is the primary contributor of the nitrous oxide (N2O) produced from grassland soils. Our objective was to gain insight into the relationships between denitrifier community size, structure, and activity for a range of pasture soils. We collected 10 dairy pasture soils with contrasting soil textures, drainage classes, management strategies (effluent irrigation or non-irrigation), and geographic locations in New Zealand, and measured their physicochemical characteristics. We measured denitrifier abundance by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and assessed denitrifier diversity and community structure by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of the nitrite reductase (nirS, nirK) and N2O reductase (nosZ) genes. We quantified denitrifier enzyme activity (DEA) using an acetylene inhibition technique. We investigated whether varied soil conditions lead to different denitrifier communities in soils, and if so, whether they are associated with different denitrification activities and are likely to generate different N2O emissions. Differences in the physicochemical characteristics of the soils were driven mainly by soil mineralogy and the management practices of the farms. We found that nirS and nirK communities were strongly structured along gradients of soil water and phosphorus (P) contents. By contrast, the size and structure of the nosZ community was unrelated to any of the measured soil characteristics. In soils with high water content, the richnesses and abundances of nirS, nirK, and nosZ genes were all significantly positively correlated with DEA. Our data suggest that management strategies to limit N2O emissions through denitrification are likely to be most important for dairy farms on fertile or allophanic soils during wetter periods. Finally, our data suggest that new techniques that would selectively target nirS denitrifiers may be the most effective for limiting N2O emissions through denitrification across a wide range of soil types.
Carbon dioxide emissions from the flat bottom and shallow Nam Theun 2 Reservoir: drawdown area as a neglected pathway to the atmosphere
Authors: Deshmukh Chandrashekhar , Guérin Frédéric , Vongkhamsao Axay , Pighini Sylvie , Oudone Phetdala , Sopraseuth Saysoulinthone , Godon Arnaud , Rode Wanidaporn , Guédant Pierre , Oliva Priscia , Audry Stéphane , Zouiten Cyril , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Robain Henri , Ribolzi Olivier , Kansal Arun , Chanudet Vincent , Descloux Stéphane , Serça Dominique
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Freshwater reservoirs are a significant source of CO2 to the atmosphere. CO2 is known to be emitted at the reservoir surface by diffusion at the air-water interface and downstream of dams or powerhouses by degassing and along the river course. In this study, we quantified total CO2 emissions from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in the Mekong River watershed. The study started in May 2009, less than a year after flooding and just a few months after the maximum level was first reached and lasted until end of 2013. We tested the hypothesis that soils from the drawdown area would be a significant contributor to the total CO2 emissions. Total inorganic carbon, dissolved and particulate organic carbon and CO2 concentrations were measured in four rivers of the Nam Theun watershed at nine stations in the reservoir (vertical profiles) and at 16 stations downstream of the monomictic reservoir on a weekly to monthly basis. CO2 bubbling was estimated during five field campaigns between 2009 and 2011 and on a weekly monitoring, covering water depths ranging from 0.4 to 16 m and various types of flooded ecosystems in 2012–2013. Three field campaigns in 2010, 2011 and 2013 were dedicated to the soils description in 21 plots and the quantification of soil CO2 emissions from the drawdown area. On this basis, we calculated total CO2 emissions from the reservoir and carbon inputs from the tributaries. We confirm the importance of the flooded stock of organic matter as a source of C fuelling emissions and we show that the drawdown area contributes, depending on the year, from 50 % to 75 % of total annual gross emissions in this flat and shallow reservoir. This overlooked pathway in terms of gross emissions would require an in-depth evaluation for the soil OM and vegetation dynamics to evaluate the actual contribution of this area in terms of net modification of gas exchange in the footprint of the reservoir, and how it could evolve in the future.
The predictability of reported drought events and impacts in the Ebro Basin using six different remote sensing data sets
Authors: Linés Clara , Werner Micha , Bastiaanssen Wim
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The implementation of drought management plans contributes to reduce the wide range of adverse impacts caused by water shortage. A crucial element of the development of drought management plans is the selection of appropriate indicators and their associated thresholds to detect drought events and monitor the evolution. Drought indicators should be able to detect emerging drought processes that will lead to impacts with sufficient anticipation to allow measures to be undertaken effectively. However, in the selection of appropriate drought indicators, the connection to the final impacts is often disregarded. This paper explores the utility of remotely sensed data sets to detect early stages of drought at the river basin scale and determine how much time can be gained to inform operational land and water management practices. Six different remote sensing data sets with different spectral origins and measurement frequencies are considered, complemented by a group of classical in situ hydrologic indicators. Their predictive power to detect past drought events is tested in the Ebro Basin. Qualitative (binary information based on media records) and quantitative (crop yields) data of drought events and impacts spanning a period of 12 years are used as a benchmark in the analysis. Results show that early signs of drought impacts can be detected up to 6 months before impacts are reported in newspapers, with the best correlation–anticipation relationships for the standard precipitation index (SPI), the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and evapotranspiration (ET). Soil moisture (SM) and land surface temperature (LST) offer also good anticipation but with weaker correlations, while gross primary production (GPP) presents moderate positive correlations only for some of the rain-fed areas. Although classical hydrological information from water levels and water flows provided better anticipation than remote sensing indicators in most of the areas, correlations were found to be weaker. The indicators show a consistent behaviour with respect to the different levels of crop yield in rain-fed areas among the analysed years, with SPI, NDVI and ET providing again the stronger correlations. Overall, the results confirm remote sensing products' ability to anticipate reported drought impacts and therefore appear as a useful source of information to support drought management decisions.
Wave run-up prediction and observation in a micro-tidal beach
Authors: Di Luccio Diana , Benassai Guido , Budillon Giorgio , Mucerino Luigi , Montella Raffaele , Pugliese Carratelli Eugenio
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Extreme weather events have significant impacts on coastal human activities and related economy. In this scenario the forecast of sea storms and wave run-up events is a challenging goal to mitigate the wave effects on shores, piers and coastal structures. To do this, we used a computational model chain based on both community and ad hoc developed numerical models in an operational context to evaluate the beach inundation levels. At this aim, we compared the results of simulated and observed wave run-up levels on a micro-tidal beach located on the northern Tyrrhenian Sea. The offshore wave simulations have been performed by WaveWatch III model, implemented by Campania Center for Marine and Atmospheric Monitoring and Modelling (CCMMMA) – University of Naples Parthenope, which were used as initial conditions for run-up calculations using different formulas. The validation of the simulated waves was done with different observation systems. The offshore wave simulations were matched with remote sensing data, while the run-up levels calculated with different formulas were compared with observations taken from a video camera system. The usual statistical errors were taken as a measurement of the modelling system capability to properly simulate the beach run-up during a storm.
Male germline stem cells in non-human primates
Authors: Sharma Swati , Portela Joana M. D. , Langenstroth-Röwer Daniel , Wistuba Joachim , Neuhaus Nina , Schlatt Stefan
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Over the past few decades, several studies have attempted to decipher the biology of mammalian germline stem cells (GSCs). These studies provide evidence that regulatory mechanisms for germ cell specification and migration are evolutionarily conserved across species. The characteristics and functions of primate GSCs are highly distinct from rodent species; therefore the findings from rodent models cannot be extrapolated to primates. Due to limited availability of human embryonic and testicular samples for research purposes, two non-human primate models (marmoset and macaque monkeys) are extensively employed to understand human germline development and differentiation. This review provides a broader introduction to the in vivo and in vitro germline stem cell terminology from primordial to differentiating germ cells. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the most immature germ cells colonizing the gonad prior to sex differentiation into testes or ovaries. PGC specification and migratory patterns among different primate species are compared in the review. It also reports the distinctions and similarities in expression patterns of pluripotency markers (OCT4A, NANOG, SALL4 and LIN28) during embryonic developmental stages, among marmosets, macaques and humans. This review presents a comparative summary with immunohistochemical and molecular evidence of germ cell marker expression patterns during postnatal developmental stages, among humans and non-human primates. Furthermore, it reports findings from the recent literature investigating the plasticity behavior of germ cells and stem cells in other organs of humans and monkeys. The use of non-human primate models would enable bridging the knowledge gap in primate GSC research and understanding the mechanisms involved in germline development. Reported similarities in regulatory mechanisms and germ cell expression profile in primates demonstrate the preclinical significance of monkey models for development of human fertility preservation strategies.
ANÁLISE DAS PRESCRIÇÕES DE PSICOTRÓPICOS EM FARMÁCIAS PRIVADAS NA CIDADE DE MONTE CARLO, SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Back Jéssica Taísa , Assini Fabricio
Published: September 2017

Os processos de globalização e desenvolvimento da sociedade moderna tem transformado o cotidiano das pessoas, levando-as, muitas vezes ao escape da medicalização. Os medicamentos psicotrópicos são cada vez mais utilizados pela população em geral. O uso de psicotrópicos na clínica médica, muitas vezes, é recorrente de diagnóstico errôneo e/ou incompleto, onde se há a dedução da necessidade desses medicamentos. O uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos podem causar dependência física e psíquica, gerando alterações na vida do usuário. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a amplitude do consumo de medicamentos psicotrópicos entre os usuários de farmácias privadas do município de Monte Carlo/SC. A pesquisa foi realizada na cidade de Monte Carlo/SC, através da análise de receitas e notificações, de medicamentos psicotrópicos, das farmácias privadas referente ao ano de 2014. As mulheres foram responsáveis por 68% dos usuários; 45% das prescrições foram feitas por médicos clínicos gerais; os antidepressivos estiveram presentes em 34,5% do total das prescrições, seguido pelos benzodiazepínicos com 23,4%, anticonvulsivantes 12,2%, analgésicos opióides 4,6% e outros 25,21%. Através deste foi evidenciado que aproximadamente 20% da população fez uso de psicotrópicos, através da compra em farmácias privadas, levando em desconsideração os medicamentos psicotrópicos fornecidos gratuitamente pelo SUS.

Palavras chave: receitas médicas de controle especial, medicamentos sob prescrição, prescrição de medicamentos
AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA DE GELO DESTINADO AO CONSUMO HUMANO COMERCIALIZADO NA CIDADE DE ITABUNA-BAHIA
Authors: Senhorinho Jamile Mascarenhas , Carvalho Lucas Ribeiro de
Published: September 2017

O gelo é obtido através do congelamento da água potável e pode ser utilizado de forma direta em bebidas ou na refrigeração de alimentos para conservação. Quando produzido em condições higiênico-sanitárias inadequadas pode veicular microrganismos causadores de doenças, tornando-se importante a avaliação da sua qualidade microbiológica. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram verificar se o gelo de três marcas diferentes, fabricado e comercializado na cidade de Itabuna-BA estava de acordo com os padrões microbiológicos para consumo humano, através da determinação de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos pela técnica de plaqueamento em profundidade e de coliformes totais, termotolerantes e Escherichia coli pela técnica do número mais provável. Os resultados para microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos variaram de 95 UFC/mL a >500 UFC/mL, sendo que quatro amostras (44,4%) apresentaram valores acima do padrão. Das nove amostras analisadas, 77,8% e 22,2% mostraram-se positivas para coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes, respectivamente. Todas as embalagens coletadas apresentaram-se isentas de avarias, o que demonstra que a contaminação não ocorreu nos pontos de comercialização. Uma amostra foi considerada imprópria para consumo humano por conter Escherichia coli. Esses dados revelaram que o produto pode ser um veículo na transmissão de doenças quando as condições de produção e/ou conservação não são adequadas.
AVALIAÇÃO DE EVENTOS ADVERSOS A MEDICAMENTOS EM PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS HOSPITALIZADOS
Authors: Silva Lunara Teles , Loze Priscilla Magalhães , Modesto Ana Carolina Figueiredo , Lopes Flavio Marques
Published: September 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de Eventos Adversos a Medicamentos e descrever possíveis interações medicamentosas no setor de urgência e emergência pediátrica de um Hospital de Ensino. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo. O trabalho foi baseado na adaptação da metodologia do Institute for Healthcare Improvement para rastreamento de Eventos Adversos a Medicamentos por meio de revisão de prontuário, utilizando uma lista de rastreadores. A presença de possíveis interações medicamentosas também foi realizada, utilizando a ferramenta Micromedex®. Resultados: 27,1% dos pacientes apresentavam menos de um ano de vida e 54,2% permaneceram internados de 2 a 4 dias. Frente à análise de interações medicamentosas 35,3% foram representadas por possíveis interações graves, 52,9% por moderadas e 11,8% por leves. Trinta e seis prontuários foram analisados para busca de rastreadores, dos quais 61,1% apresentaram 37 rastreadores e 2 (5,6%) destes caracterizaram Evento Adverso a Medicamento. Conclusão: A detecção de Eventos Adversos a Medicamentos ajuda na compreensão dos mesmos e na identificação de maneiras de evitá-los, melhorando a qualidade do cuidado ao paciente.
INTERAÇÕES MEDICAMENTOSAS NO TRATAMENTO DE DOENÇAS INFLMATÓRIAS INTESTINAIS
Authors: Corrêa Ivana Santos , Lopes Flavio Marques , Zaltman Cyrla , Dewulf Nathalie De Lourdes Souza
Published: September 2017

A Doença Inflamatória Intestinal (DII) caracterizada pela presença de processo inflamatório crônico de predomínio intestinal, e composta pela Retocolite Ulcerativa e Doença de Crohn. A estratégia terapêutica mais utilizada é o uso de fármacos de diferentes classes terapêuticas. O objetivo deste estudo visa realizar uma revisão das possíveis interações medicamentosas descritas na literatura. Foram identificadas 517 possíveis interações medicamentosas, sendo 265 de gravidade moderada e 224 de gravidade importante, 17 são contraindicadas e 11 são secundárias. O reconhecimento destas possíveis interações no tratamento da DII pela equipe multidisciplinar torna o planejamento terapêutico mais seguro e eficaz. Há necessidade de maior divulgação dos efeitos benéficos, adversos e secundários as interações medicamentosas.
A NATUREZA E O GAÚCHO HERÓI NAS TRAMAS DA HISTÓRIA: TENSIONAMENTOS FOUCAULTIANOS
Authors: Vieira Virgínia Tavares , Henning Paula Corrêa
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo colocar em evidência o conceito de História do Presente e Genealogia, a partir dos estudos do filósofo francês Michel Foucault. Nossa proposta está em problematizar a emergência de saberes, que atrelados a relações de força, vem fabricando uma natureza marcada por ideal de beleza e romantismo no Pampa do Rio Grande do Sul. Demarcamos ainda condições de emergência para constituição de um sujeito gaúcho tomado como herói a partir de alguns acontecimentos históricos e da música pampeana. Apoiadas no pensamento de Michel Foucault, problematizamos a fabricação de um espaço geográfico e cultural marcado pela beleza, pela fartura – por glórias e façanhas. Vale tensionar a história problematizando como relações saber-poder nos fabricam enquanto sujeitos pampeanos contemporâneos. É no desejo de tensionar verdades estabelecidas que nos subjetivam enquanto sujeitos fabricados e imiscuídos nas tramas da história que este texto foi escrito. Políticas de formação e subjetividades gaúchas merecem um olhar cuidadoso e provocativo.
ROUPAS PARA MAMÃES: CORPO E GRAVIDEZ NAS REPRESENTAÇÕES PARA A MATERNIDADE NA REVISTA MANEQUIM (1963)
Authors: Simili Ivana Guilheme
Published: September 2017

Examinar as representações para a maternidade por meio da análise das roupas para grávidas que circularam na revista Manequim, notadamente, na edição especial “Futura mamãe”, de 1963, é o objetivo deste texto. Nossa abordagem discute como a gestação é incorporada pela moda e como esta produziu e difundiu representações para o corpo grávido. No artigo, indicamos, ainda, como as transformações corporais definiram linhas de indumentárias apropriadas à gestação nos anos 1960 e como estas assimilaram tendências e estilos da moda jovem, o que contribuiu para a ampliação do consumo.