bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL ON COMMUNICATIVE ABILITY OF STUDENTS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Jesyl F. Avanceña  , Elleine Rose A. Oliva
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to ascertain the most appropriate model for students communication abilities. Additionally, a significant relationship between the exogenous variables of teaching ability, classroom learning, and student engagement and the endogenous variable of communicative ability must be established. Additionally, this non-experimental and correlational research design and structural model identify the most appropriate model of communicative ability. As a result, a stratified random sampling technique was used to select 442 participants from senior high school students in Region XI public schools in the eleventh and twelfth grades. As a result, the following statistical techniques were used: mean, Pearson r, regression, and Structural Equation Model (SEM). Exogenous variables exhibit a significant correlation with endogenous variables, with the fifth model indicating the highest correlation. Exogenous variables, on the other hand, achieved the highest descriptive level. The endogenous variable acquired a descriptive level of highest motivation in language learning, which included the following: positive classroom, varied appreciation, personal recognition, and majority resilience; student engagement: learning preferences, school preferences, effort and persistence, extracurricular activities, and cognitive participation; and the endogenous variable acquired a descriptive level of highest motivation in language learning, which included the following: teaching methodology, teacher perspective, teacher role, the impact of communicative language teaching on communicative ability, ease, and acceptability communication, and classroom observation.
KEYWORDS: education, teaching skills, classroom learning, student engagement, communicative skills, structural framework model, Philippines
JAUAN KRIMINOLOGI TERHADAP KEJAHATAN SKIMMING MELALUI ATM DI POLDA BALI
Authors: Ni Luh Gede Yogi Arthani Komang Aldi Saskara
Published: January 2022

Fenomena kriminalitas dalam internet atau cyber crime pada dasarnya merupakan suatu tindak pidana yang berkaitan dengan cyber space, baik yang menyerang fasilitas umum didalam cyber space ataupun kepemilikan pribadi.Berkaitan dengan kasus cyber crime, salah satu jenis kejahatan cyber crime dibidang perbankan yakni kejahatan skimming. Skimming merupakan aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan upaya pelaku untuk mencuri data melalui pita magnetik kartu ATM/Debit yang dilakukan secara illegal untuk mengendalikan secara penuh rekening bank milik korban serta mencuri informasi nomor PIN dan akun nasabah bank melalui mesin ATM. Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah yang telah diuraikan diatas, terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang penting untuk dibahas secara lebih lanjut yaitu apa faktor penyebab terjadinya kejahatan skimming dan upaya apa yang dilakukan kepolisian dalam menanggulangi kejahatan skimming. Landasan teoritis yang digunakan yakni kriminologi dan konsep penegakan hukum. Pada penelitian ini, memuat penelitian hukum empiris, dengan menggunakan penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif dan menggunakan analisis data kualitatif.Skimming merupakan tindakan pencurian informasi kartu kredit atau kartu ATM dengan cara menyalin informasi yang terdapat ada strip magnetik kartu kredit debit secara illegal. Dimana saat itu dapat diketahui jika teknik skimming ini dilakukan dengan cara menggunakan alat yang ditempelkan pada slot mesin ATM dengan alat yang dikenal dengan nama skimmer. Modus operasinya adalah dengan cara mengkloning data dari magnetic stripe yang terdapat pada kartu salah satu milik nasabah. Sebagai informasi, Provinsi Bali yang merupakan daerah destinasi wisata, tentunya menjadi daerah sasaran yang empuk bagi para pelaku untuk melakukan aksi kejahatan dibeberapa mesin ATM. Terhitung dari tahun 2017 sampai dengan tahun 2020 kasus kejahatan skimming yang merupakan kejahatan ilegal akses terus kian meningkat. Dimana Direktorat Kriminal Khusus Polda Bali menangani sejumlah 17 kasus dengan rincian yakni, 1 kasus di tahun 2017, 2 kasus di tahun 2018, 5 kasus di tahun 2019 dan 9 kasus di tahun 2020.Berkaitan dengan faktor penyebab terjadinya kejahatan skimming di Polda Bali terdapat 2 (dua) faktor penyebab yakni faktor internal pelaku dan faktor eksternal pelaku. Terdapat berbagai upaya yang telah dilakukan kepolisian seperti diantaranya upaya pre-emtif, upaya preventif dan upaya represif. Upaya pre-emtif dimaksud dengan memberikan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat agar lebih waspada. Selanjutnya upaya preventif dilakukan dengan bersurat dan bertemu langsung kepada setiap pimpinan lembaga perbankan yang ada di Bali agar mengingatkan setiap nasabahnya berhati-hati dan safety dalam menggunakan kartu ATM setiap melakukan transaksi di mesin ATM. Dan selanjutnya yang terakhir upaya represif dilakukan dengan cara melakukan penegakan hukum berupa sanksi terhadap pelaku.
EFEKTIFITAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 52 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG PERKEMBANGAN PENDUDUK DAN PEMBANGUNAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KELUARGA BERENCANA (STUDI KASUS DI DESA MEDEWI, KECAMATAN PEKUTATAN KABUPATEN JEMBRANA)
Authors: I Wayan Wahyu Wira Udytama I Nyoman Teguh Dharma Jaya
Published: January 2022

Undang - Undang No 52 Tahun 2009 Pasal 54 ayat (1) menyebutkan dalam rangka pengendalian penduduk dan keluarga berencana di daerah, pemerintah daerah membentuk Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Daerah di tingkat provinsi dan kabupaten/kota. Mengingat besarnya kontribusi program KB dalam mengendalikan laju pertumbuhan penduduk, namun memiliki permasalahan kelembagaan seperti lemahnya komitmen pemerintah pusat dan daerah serta anggaran APBD di kabupaten/kota belum mencukupi atau masih sangat kecil dibandingkan prioritas pembangunan lain. Metode penelitian ini adalah empiris, yang diambil dari perilaku masyarakat, baik perilaku verbal yang didapat dari wawancara maupun perilaku nyata yang dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan efektifitas dan tanggung jawab pemerintah Desa Medewi sudah sesuai dengan Undang - Undang No 52 Tahun 2009, sebab (1) peran masyarakat terutama PUS (Pasangan Usia Subur) sangat baik, (2) tersedianya tempat pelayanan dan tenaga pemberi pelayanan yang cukup, (3) peran baik tenaga penyuluh dalam mengger akkan kader IMP dengan kader pokta, (4) adanya peran tokoh masyarakat baik formal maupun informal dalam membangun kesadaran masyarakat untuk ber-KB, serta (5) adanya dukungan dari pemerintah desa, baik dalam pendanaan, penyediaan fasilitas sarana prasarana, maupun dalam peningkatan kapasitas kader desa.
MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUE AND CONSERVATION TREATMENT OF A UNIQUE GILT-BRONZE STATUETTE EXCAVATED THROUGH RESTORATION OF THE STEP PYRAMID, SAQARA
Authors: MAHMOUD Gehan , EWAIS Ashraf , MOHAMED Saleh
Published: January 2022

Unexpected excavation of the Osirian statuette was inaugurated in 2021 during a conservation project at the first step in the western façade of King Djoser Pyramid which dates back to the Ptolemaic era. Varies strategies of the examination techniques, such as stereo and polarizing microscopes, and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction were undertaken to characterize the chemical structure of gilt-layer, preparatory layer, and bronze alloy to evaluate their condition. This paper describes the actual condition of the statuette after excavation inside the King Djoser Pyramid, and characterization of the corrosion phases, and determines the best technique for conservation. Visual investigation revealed that the core of the bronze statuette was in good condition, but most gold with gesso was misplaced. Investigation and analyses results demonstrate that amazing technique which gilding has been accomplished as a thin layer over the white substrate from gesso. X-ray diffraction establishes that cuprite and atacamite resulting from the activation corrosion were the major minerals covering the statuette. Besides, calcite and gypsum were detected, which are to be a part of the preparatory layer. EDX results demonstrate that pure gold was likely used in the gilding layer. The gilt-bronze statuette was made of multi-layered surfaces. The solid cast was used in the crafting technique. Fixation of remaining plaster to metal was undertaken using Clucel G (4%). The figure was immediately treated via popular methods as mechanical tools and solvents. Benzotriazole inhibitor (3%) was used to cure the activation of bronze disease. The coating system was applied by using 3% paraloid B72. Finally, the statuette was preserved in the storage with the appropriate conditions.
Countermeasure Analysis of The Status Quo of Digital Communication Among the Elderly under the Background of COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Qiao Qi
Published: January 2022

The aging of the population is an important trend of social development, a manifestation of the progress of human civilization, and a basic national condition of China for a long time to come. In the digital age, with the “silver hair wave” and the impact of the epidemic, the “cloud dilemma” situation appears. To overcome this impasse and develop a “digital” pattern that favors the old, we must go further into the path of wisdom to assist the elderly and create a social environment that prioritizes providing for the elderly, filial piety, and respect for the elderly.
Evaluation of Crop Recovery of Nitrogen from Lignite-amended Feedlot Cattle Manure
Authors: Hu Yue
Published: January 2022

Feedlot cattle manures have for long been considered to be a major source of greenhouse gasses (GHG) in Australia. Lignite coals have been used recently as effective organic nitrification-inhibitors retaining nitrogen in cattle feedlot manure by reducing the emission of nitrogenous gases. This study is aimed at investigating whether lignite-retained nitrogen in cattle feedlot manure can be used as an available nitrogen (N) source for absorption by plants hence contribute to improved plant growth and produce higher yields.
Research on the Education and Training of New Vocational Farmers in the Context of Rural Revitalization
Authors: Ren Yuting
Published: January 2022

The education and training of new professional farmers is an important driver of the implementation of the rural revitalization as socialism with Chinese characteristics ushers in a new era. The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy requires that new farmers in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics must be professionals with scientific and cultural qualities, who master modern agricultural production skills and possess certain business management abilities. The transformation of agricultural practitioners from farmers to professional farmers does not happen overnight; they must go through the process of vocational education and training. In recent years, China has accelerated the pace of education and training of new types of professional farmers, which is of great significance to the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in China.
Attitude of Undergraduate Students towards Gamification: A Case Study of Northwest Geo-Political Zone, Nigeria
Authors: Ali Auwalu Rabiu , Endut Azizah , Embong Rahimah
Published: January 2022

Gamification of education is new field in education that is attracting researchers who are passionate on education. However, no much researches were made to assess the users’ perception on its application in enhancing students understanding of certain subjects such as Environmental Education. This article is aimed at assessing the students’ attitude on the application of eeGamification in environmental education. The method employed was survey method. A structured questionnaire was used and a total of 372 respondents were used in the study. The survey employed descriptive statistics analysis to measure the level of students’ attitude towards eeGamification. The result indicates that students have positive attitude towards gamification. This shows that students accept the idea of gamification in improving students’ understanding of Environmental Education.
Deutsch-polnische Literaturbeziehungen 1939-1945? Über die Wahrnehmung und Rezeption der deutschsprachigen Literatur im besetzten Polen.
Authors: Eberharter, Markus
Published: January 2022

Abstract In der Regel wird in jenen Arbeiten, die sich mit der Rezeption literarischer Phänomene in einer anderen Kultur sowie mit Fragen von Einfluss oder Wirkung beschäftigen, ein positives Verständnis der jeweiligen Literaturbeziehungen vorausgesetzt. Es
geht dabei um eine prinzipielle Offenheit dem Anderen gegenüber, das Fremde gilt als Bereicherung des Eigenen und die Beziehungen insgesamt gestalten sich als ein produktives Nehmen und Geben sowie als ein fruchtbarer Austausch zwischen den Literaturen, in Form einer wechselseitigen Beeinflussung.
Häufig wird so verstandenen Literaturbeziehungen außerdem eine wichtige kulturpolitische Rolle zugeschrieben, wie z. B. von Eugeniusz Klin, der als Untertitel für sein Buch über die deutsch-polnischen Literaturbeziehungen die Formulierung ,,Bausteine der Verständigung
von der Aufklärung bis zur Gegenwart“1 wählte. Demnach dürfe bei solchen Forschungen, wie er einleitend schreibt, nicht vergessen werden, ,,daß gerade in den deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen die humanistische Note besonders zur Geltung kommen muß,
damit die komparatistischen Traditionen die Koexistenz und Zusammenarbeit der Nationen […] zu fördern und zu vertiefen vermögen.“2 Eine so verstandene Komparatistik, die die Literaturen beider Länder als völlig gleichberechtigt betrachte, sei der
Garant dafür, die konstruktiven Ziele der Völkerverständigung zu erreichen, meint Klin.3
Valerie Fritsch: Herzklappen von Johnson & Johnson. Roman. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2020. 174 Seiten.
Authors: Lukoschik Rita Unfer
Published: January 2022

Valerie Katrin G. Fritsch ist eine 1989 in Österreich geborene Schriftstellerin und akademisch ausgebildete Fotografin, die bereits 2012 mit Erzählbänden in Erscheinung getreten ist und u. a. Romane wie Die VerkörperungEN (2011) und Winters Garten (2014)
veröffentlichte. Letzterer wurde für die ,,Longlist Deutscher Buchpreis“ nominiert, in die jährlich zum Auftakt der Frankfurter Buchmesse Neuerscheinungen aufgenommen werden, aus denen sieben für die Stiftung Buchkultur und Leseförderung des Börsenvereins
des Deutschen Buchhandels tätige Juror*innen den deutschsprachigen ,,Roman des Jahres“ auswählen.1 Auch der hier besprochene Roman kam 2020 auf die ,,Longlist“.
Hölderlin’s Interpretation of Pindar’s Fragment of the Dolphin : A Reading from the Perspective of the Comparative History of Acoustics1
Authors: Nawata Yūji
Published: January 2022

Abstract Throughout earth’s history, organisms have used various sounds to communicate. Humans are no different. Language was born from the sounds that humans create orally as a means of communication. Humans also grew to use musical instruments; and in some regions,
the use of instruments led to the development of acoustic science from an early date. Europe and East Asia represent the clearest examples of this phenomenon. As we look back at the history of acoustic culture in the world, the 1870s to 1900s was the period that saw the introduction of such
methods of acoustic preservation, reproduction, and propagation in Europe and USA. The telephone, phonograph, and radio stand out as especially prominent. From then, it became possible to preserve, reproduce, and propagate manmade songs and music that had been passed down in various regions
of the world through oral tradition, or that had been preserved only through musical scores; even sounds that were not manmade, such as animal calls, could be recorded. Today, the role of preserving, reproducing, and propagating sounds has been adopted by computers, and we can enjoy sounds
from around the world through the medium of the internet.
Contact toxicity of Essential Oils from Tithonia diversifolia against Aphis gosypii, Thrips tabaci and Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Njuguna Mwaura J. , Muriuki Mary , Karenga Samuel
Published: January 2022

Plants and microbes provide naturally occurring chemicals that are often used for the control of pests all around the world. Biopesticides have been used as a comparatively safer replacement for synthetic pesticides for the past five decades. This study determined the contact toxicity of essential oils from the Tithonia diversifolia plant against Thrips tabaci, Bemisia tabaci, and Aphis gosypii. The essential oils (Eos) were extracted from dry leaves by hydrodistillation using the Clavenger apparatus for 8 hours. GC-MS was utilised to analyse the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils, whereas ATR-FTIR was employed to determine the functional groups. 3-Carene was the most abundant compound ion in the Eos. T. tabaci, B. tabaci, and A. gosypii were used in the bioassay of the crude extracts. T. tabaci, B. tabaci, and A. gosypii were tested for contact toxicity against mixed-sex adult pests. Five distinct concentrations were made, each of which was repeated five times. Permethrin, a commercial chemical pesticide was utilised as a positive control and acetone were used as a negative control. The essential oils’ LD50 was calculated using SPSS version 26.0 Probit analysis. After 24 hours, the pests’ response to the treatments was assessed using a blunt instrument probe, and those that did not respond were counted as dead. Essential oils from T. diversifolia had the lowest LD50 against T. tabaci, with a value of 0.085 µL. This suggests that T. diversifolia could be employed as a T. tabaci contact toxicant. (P < 0.05, α = 0.05) The outcomes were statistically significant. As a result, essential oils from T. diversifolia can be employed as a biopesticide against T. tabaci as a contact toxicant.
Pengaruh Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah (SPIP) terhadap perencanaan dan pelaksanaan anggaran dana desa di Kecamatan Mentaya Hulu, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur
Authors: Yessy Desi Kricy  , Martati Simbel
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah (SPIP) terhadap perencanaan dan pelaksanaan anggaran dana desa di Kecamatan Mentaya Hulu Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perangkat desa dan kelurahan yang terdiri dari 16 desa 1 desa dan 1 kecamatan dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 189 responden. Variabel bebas (independen) terdiri dari lima variabel yaitu lingkungan pengendalian, penilaian resiko, kegiatan pengendalian, informasi dan komunikasi, pemantauan dan variabel terikat (dependen) terdiri dari satu variabel terikat yaitu perencanaan dan pelaksanaan anggaran dana desa. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah lolos uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analisis dengan regresi linier berganda menggunakan program IBM SPSS 24. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah (SPIP), yaitu lingkungan pengendalian, penilaian resiko, kegiatan pengendalian, informasi dan komunikasi serta pemantauan berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap perencanaan dan pelaksanaan anggaran dana desa. SPIP berpengaruh positif terhadap pelaksanaan anggaran dana desa; artinya semakin diterapkannya SPIP akan meningkatkan pelaksanaan anggaran dana desa. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 60 Tahun 2008 telah dilaksanakan dengan baik.
Transformasi Media Pembelajaran Sebagai Upaya Optimalisasi Perkuliahan Agama Hindu Pada Mata Kuliah Inti Prodi Penerangan Agama Hindu STAH Negeri Mpu Kuturan Singaraja
Authors: Negara Gede Agus Jaya , Ariyoga I Nyoman , Putra I Nyoman Buda Asmara
Published: January 2022

The Hindu Religious Information Study Program, STAHN Mpu Kuturan Singaraja, is committed to producing Hindu religious instructors who have competencies according to the profile of graduates. The process of supporting the existence of the Hindu Religious Information Study Program requires optimization of core courses, one of which is Hinduism by carrying out a transformation of learning media, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to identify the transformation of learning media, to know the process of transforming learning media, and to identify the impact of the transformation of learning media to the core courses of Hindu Religious Information Study Program. This type of research is qualitative research, namely research that produces descriptive data in the form of words. Through analysis based on the theory of behaviorism and the theory of social change, Technological Determinism. The results of this study are preparing supporting facilities, participating in training, exchanging information and knowledge, and social media-based assignments. To support these efforts, the learning media transformation process includes: the selection of learning media and the implementation of distance learning media transformation in the Hindu Religious Information Study Program. The implication is that by increasing digital literacy, gaining ease in accessing information, being flexible, efficient and of good quality), the results of the research conclude that students are skilled in using social media as well as increasing the ability of lecturers and students in using IT, increasing student scores, and STAH Negeri Mpu Kuturan Singaraja institutions is ready in terms of digital transformation for mutual progress.
Patiwangi Dalam Upacara Perkawinan di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Ni Luh Gede Hadriani
Published: January 2022

Patiwangi in marriage ceremonies between clans has been banned by the government because it was not in accordance with human values. However, until now, patiwangi, there are still Hindu communities in Denpasar who carry out this activity. This study aims to examine the reasons for implementing patiwangi in among the clan smarriage ceremonies and their implications for the lives of the bride and groom and their families. This research includes qualitative research, data collection is done through observation, interviews and documentation. The research data were analyzed descriptively interpretively through three cycles, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the patiwangi ceremony was still carried out among the clasn marriage ceremonies by the Hindu community in Denpasar City because they followed the tradition, hoping to create happiness, tranquility, and harmony in family relationships. Patiwangi in among the clans marriage has implications for the religious, socio-cultural, and psychological life of the bride and groom.
The Importance of Administrative Committees in Training Course Preparation in Iraqi Handball Coaches
Authors: Kadhim Hussein Abdullah , Hussain Fouad Muttib
Published: January 2022

The research aimed at preparing management and administration program for Iraqi handball coaches’ training course the problem of the research lies in lack of programs for academic training courses administration study that are designed especially for Iraqi handball coaches participating in such course held by the Iraqi handball federation. The researchers used the descriptive method on (64) individuals and applied the questionnaire on (13) committees. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude a significant correlation between the knowledge of administrative committees and proficiency of holding training courses.
Predictors and Reasons of Permanent Tooth Extraction Among High School Children: A National Cross Sectional study
Authors:   Assistant professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Almarghlani Ammar A , Alshali A Shatha ,   Assistant professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Assaggaf Mohammad ,   Assistant professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Alghamdi Ali S ,   Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Alzahrani Mohammed ,   Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Published: January 2022

Background: Tooth loss is a major dental health concern that has adverse consequences on the remaining dentition and on the patients’ general wellbeing. The present study aimed to assess predictors and causes of permanent tooth extraction among school students. Methods: This national cross- sectional study included school children and spanned from September 2012 to January 2016. Demographic, social, and medical history recorded. Periodontal and dental examinations were performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of tooth loss among the sample. Results: A total of 2435 school children were included in the study. Twenty-four percent of the students had extraction of at least one permanent tooth. Almost 27% of the female students had a permanent tooth extraction compared to only 21.7% of the male students, which was statistically significant. Students who visited dentists regularly had significantly more tooth extraction (39%) than student who did not (20.6%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant predictors for permanent tooth extraction were age, regular dental visits and mean probing depth (PD). Caries (15%) followed by orthodontic treatment (6%) were the main reason for permanent tooth extraction among the sample. Conclusion: Caries was responsible for majority of tooth loss among the study population. Significant predictors for permanent tooth extraction were age, regular dental visits and mean probing depth. There is a need for intensified oral health education and awareness programs in the population with emphasis on prevention of dental caries.
The old antibiotic colistin: an update on its use in children
Authors:   Consultant Pediatrician and Neonatologist, Mumbai, India, Shahid Sukhbir K.
Published: January 2022

Colistin is an old antibiotic which has rekindled the interest of infectious doctors worldwide. It is a polypeptide antibiotic belonging to the polymyxin class of antibiotics. It was discovered in 1947 and clinicians started using it for gram-negative infections. But its main drawback of nephrotoxicity and availability of better and safe antibiotics led to its use getting obsolete. But when the bacteria showed alarming resistance to the higher antibiotics, colistin was revisited for such antimicrobial resistant strains of bacteria. Efficacy of colistin against multi-drug resistant bacteria makes it an antibiotic of choice in intensive care setups. It is used as a last-line in these severe life-threatening infections in adults and children. Despite having been known for over seventy years now, there are significant lacunae in knowledge on its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and correct dosing. It also has the problem of variable labelling by manufacturers and resistance is also rising steadily to this antibiotic. Research is ongoing to collect more scientific data on its mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics but more studies are needed especially in children to be able to extend its use in them. Colistin does hold promise in the world of infections to tackle resistant nosocomial infections and prevent emergence of superbugs.
Analysis of credit portfolio of commercial banks of Ukraine in modern conditions
Authors: ANTYPENKO Nadiia , OKHRIMENKO Valeriia
Published: January 2022

The paper defines that the loan portfolio can be formed by several types that depend on the purpose of the bank. The portfolio type is a portfolio characteristic based on the ratio of profit and risk. The main types of loan portfolio are specified by the authors. There are three stages that determine the process of forming a loan portfolio by the bank.
The purpose of the paper is to study the concept of "loan portfolio" and justify the complementary components of the concept, which makes it possible to formulate a complex definition. It is justified that the loan portfolio is an instrument that allows you to manage the active operations of the bank, which are aimed at increasing the profitability, efficiency of activities achieved by providing loans in various areas of lending, taking into account the requirements of the credit policy of the bank and banking supervision bodies.
The tendencies of changes in the banking sector due to the existing economic situation in Ukraine caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are investigated.
Transformation of the marketing complex taking into account the features of railway passenger transport services
Authors: MELNYK Tetiana
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The fourth wave of industrialization and total technologization made fundamental changes in the life of society and in business, including marketing. The issues of the essence and depth of transformational processes in marketing, the need to find a new paradigm of the marketing complex, the rationality of combining its classical and modern tools, the conditions of interaction with clients and the role of society in “marketing 4.0” remain controversial among scientists and practitioners. Investigate the genesis of the marketing complex from its origins to the present and its optimal model in terms of meeting the requirements of the time, product features of the transport market, and the concept of marketing on rail passenger transport.
Results. Diachronic analysis of the transformation of the basic variant of the marketing complex made it possible to identify the reasons for these changes and to prove the inexpediency of forming a new paradigm of the marketing complex and the simultaneous application of several of its variants. It is shows that all subsequent models were developed based on the “4P” model. This model is the most successful, but it should be constantly evolving. Its «product» element, which is transforms into a “merchandise” in the “4M” model, is able to reflect the multicomponent and complex nature of the service for railway passengers. The key aspects of the transformation of the “4P” complex into the “4C” complex are considered, both versions of which are more customer-oriented, in the context of “marketing 4.0”. It found that the main reason for the emergence of “marketing 4.0” was the change in the role of marketing in society, a sharp increase in its social significance. The development of Internet technologies and the change of generations of consumers have acted as reinforcing factors in this process. From the point of view of the above, the defining difference of “marketing 4.0” from its previous versions is reveals and the author's version of the essence of “marketing 4.0” is proposed.
Conclusion. The “4P” marketing mix model is able to adapt to modern conditions and digital technologies, while remaining the dominant paradigm. Transformational processes should concern all components of the “4P” model. Remaining basic, this model changes the concept in “marketing 4.0”, which increases customer benefits and forces a rethinking of the role of the customer in business. However, the elements of the marketing mix are not sufficiently adapted and do not fully take into account the peculiarities of individual industries and their products, therefore this issue requires further development.
Fundamentals of enterprise investment policy in modern conditions of sustainable development
Authors: ZAMLYNSKYI Viktor , KOLISNICHENKO Yana , ZAMLYNSKYI Yan
Published: January 2022

The main topic of this work is the basics of investment policy of the enterprise, its concepts and methods of effective implementation. In our opinion, this topic is an integral part of understanding the modern functioning of the organization as a successful mechanism of market activity, which requires the formation of the concept of sustainable development. When strategizing and implementing investment policy, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of sustainable development on ecological-resource, economic and social principles and appropriate institutional support, i.e. to act in the interests of both modern and future generations. In addition, the investment process is directly related to the social, economic and environmental aspects of global and regional nature, the economic situation of any state, so they not only increase production, thereby contributing to gross national income, developing economic competition, meeting the demand for goods and services. Thus, the above conditions lead to the search for the most favorable sources of investment, increase investment potential and improve the analysis of the investment condition of the company. The modern economy forces entrepreneurs to develop new methods of assessing and analyzing the investment condition of their organization for further implementation of the strategy of global sustainable development. Every enterprise that has a strategic development plan must commit itself to the continuous promotion of the three components of sustainable development – social, economic and environmental. From the point of view of investment in enterprise growth, it is necessary to develop a global program of maximum assistance to sustainable enterprises. Today, human resources are a real management resource and play a key role in establishing a positive reputation of companies, the use of financial and natural resources in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. Social and environmental responsibility of the enterprise determines the success of its economic and social positions, forms a unique image of the enterprise among consumers, investors, competitors, financial institutions, suppliers, the media.
The Role of Morality in the Diplomatic Activity of Selected Politicians in the 20th Century
Authors: Cynk Karolina
Published: January 2022

The purpose of article is to describe the role of ethics and morality in foreign policy and diplomacy. The article is theoretical. The introduction defines the concept of morality and presents the main research questions and hypotheses. The first part of this text presents general moral criteria for determining what human actions are right and what are wrong. Also presented are the types of motivations that most often affect politicians when making certain decisions in diplomatic activity. The second part of the article presents three profiles of famous politicians who in the 20th century acted in accordance with the voice of conscience and moral principles in their foreign policy. They are Mahatma Gandhi, India’s social leader in 1920–1948, Willy Brandt, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1969–1974, and Jimmy Carter, U.S. President in 1977–1981.
Using theoretical analysis, the generalisation of scientific facts and research findings, the author, on the basis of the reflection method, has described and analysed the motives that guided the three politicians in making difficult political decisions in specific historical situations. Understanding such motives is important because the measures adopted on the basis of them have had consequences not only for politicians but also for citizens and, sometimes, even for the entire world. As a result of the analysis, in the case of Gandhi, the following hypothesis has been confirmed: The voice of conscience to which politicians heed and its meaning are mostly associated with the historical and cultural context, unique for each country. In the case of Brandt and Carter, the author has verified the hypothesis that very often conscience and career motivation propose the same way of acting, which is why we cannot exclude career motivation in such a situation.
Keywords: morality, conscience, policy, diplomacy, foreign policy, sociology of morality.
‘Humanitarian Weapons’ in Geopolitical Confrontations of the 21st Century: Strategic Resources of National Resilience
Authors: Zubchenko Serhii
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the analysis of humanitarian and security aspects of topical issues on the international agenda (particularly Russia’s ongoing aggression against Ukraine and the deepening geopolitical rivalry between the U.S. and China, in which the PRC uses Russia as an ‘icebreaker’ against the collective West) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, erosion of the international legal system, and weaknesses of international institutions.
The author outlines the origins of trends regarding unjustified tolerance of various ‘left’ ideas, pro-Russian politicians, and practices in liberal-democratic countries after the collapse of the USSR; these trends often lead to indoctrination of harmful strategic illusions, growth of dangerous populist, authoritarian or extremist public attitudes, and significant escalation of threats to national, regional, and international security. The article substantiates the fundamental importance of restoring the territorial integrity of Ukraine within internationally recognised borders for ensuring global stability, security, and legal order. The author articulates the necessity of imposing greater sanctions and restrictive measures against Russia, its legal entities, individuals, and proxies, which continue to use the methods of hybrid warfare and state terrorism (not only in the occupied Crimea and ORDLO but also around the world), as well as of bringing to justice the persons involved in international and war crimes.
Given the changes in the global security environment, the article emphasises the need for critical analysis and rational rethinking of some methodological approaches and strategic ideas previously used in national and international policy. The author also enunciates some recommendations for Ukraine to ensure its national resilience, further strengthen its humanitarian component, and implement appropriate internal (to support the readiness of society to effectively resist permanent and sudden security threats) and external (to establish a proper international credibility of Ukraine, ensure its international support) measures.
Keywords: Russian military aggression against Ukraine, international law, international security, diplomacy, foreign policy, national security, national resilience, geopolitics.
Characterization of Two 2 mm detected Optically Obscured Dusty Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Manning Sinclaire M. , Casey Caitlin M. , Zavala Jorge A. , Magdis Georgios E. , Drew Patrick M. , Champagne Jaclyn B. , Aravena Manuel , Béthermin Matthieu , Clements David L. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Fujimoto Seiji , Hayward Christopher C. , Hodge Jacqueline A. , Ilbert Olivier , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Knudsen Kirsten K. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Man Allison W. S. , Sanders David B. , Sheth Kartik , Spilker Justin S. , Staguhn Johannes , Talia Margherita , Treister Ezequiel , Yun Min S.
Published: January 2022

The 2 mm Mapping Obscuration to Reionization with ALMA (MORA) Survey was designed to detect high-redshift (z ≳ 4), massive, dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). Here we present two likely high-redshift sources, identified in the survey, whose physical characteristics are consistent with a class of optical/near-infrared (OIR)-invisible DSFGs found elsewhere in the literature. We first perform a rigorous analysis of all available photometric data to fit spectral energy distributions and estimate redshifts before deriving physical properties based on our findings. Our results suggest the two galaxies, called MORA-5 and MORA-9, represent two extremes of the “OIR-dark” class of DSFGs. MORA-5 (

z

phot

=

4.3

−
1.3

+
1.5

) is a significantly more active starburst with a star formation rate (SFR) of

830

−
190

+
340

M
⊙ yr−1 compared to MORA-9 (

z

phot

=

4.3

−
1.0

+
1.3

), whose SFR is a modest

200

−
60

+
250

M
⊙ yr−1. Based on the stellar masses (M
⋆ ≈ 1010−11
M
⊙), space density (n ∼ (5 ± 2) × 10−6 Mpc−3, which incorporates two other spectroscopically confirmed OIR-dark DSFGs in the MORA sample at z = 4.6 and z = 5.9), and gas depletion timescales (<1 Gyr) of these sources, we find evidence supporting the theory that OIR-dark DSFGs are the progenitors of recently discovered 3 < z < 4 massive quiescent galaxies.
Production of Very Light Elements and Strontium in the Early Ejecta of Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Perego Albino , Vescovi Diego , Fiore Achille , Chiesa Leonardo , Vogl Christian , Benetti Stefano , Bernuzzi Sebastiano , Branchesi Marica , Cappellaro Enrico , Cristallo Sergio , Flörs Andreas , Kerzendorf Wolfgang E. , Radice David
Published: January 2022

We study the production of very light elements (Z < 20) in the dynamical and spiral-wave wind ejecta of binary neutron star mergers by combining detailed nucleosynthesis calculations with the outcome of numerical relativity merger simulations. All our models are targeted to GW170817 and include neutrino radiation. We explore different finite-temperature, composition-dependent nuclear equations of state, and binary mass ratios, and find that hydrogen and helium are the most abundant light elements. For both elements, the decay of free neutrons is the driving nuclear reaction. In particular, ∼0.5–2 × 10−6
M
⊙ of hydrogen are produced in the fast expanding tail of the dynamical ejecta, while ∼1.5–11 × 10−6
M
⊙ of helium are synthesized in the bulk of the dynamical ejecta, usually in association with heavy r-process elements. By computing synthetic spectra, we find that the possibility of detecting hydrogen and helium features in kilonova spectra is very unlikely for fiducial masses and luminosities, even when including nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium effects. The latter could be crucial to observe helium lines a few days after merger for faint kilonovae or for luminous kilonovae ejecting large masses of helium. Finally, we compute the amount of strontium synthesized in the dynamical and spiral-wave wind ejecta, and find that it is consistent with (or even larger than, in the case of a long-lived remnant) the one required to explain early spectral features in the kilonova of GW170817.
The Birth Mass Function of Population III Stars
Authors: Latif Muhammad A. , Whalen Daniel , Khochfar Sadegh
Published: January 2022

Population III stars ended the cosmic dark ages and began early cosmological reionization and chemical enrichment. However, in spite of their importance to the evolution of the early universe, their properties remain uncertain because of the limitations on previous numerical simulations and the lack of any observational constraints. Here, we investigate Population III star formation in five primordial halos using 3D radiation-hydrodynamical cosmological simulations. We find that multiple stars form in each minihalo and that their numbers increase over time, with up to 23 stars forming in one of the halos. Radiative feedback from the stars generates strong outflows, deforms the surrounding protostellar disk, and delays star formation for a few thousand years. Star formation rates vary with halo, and depend on the mass accretion onto the disk, the halo spin number, and the fraction of massive stars in the halo. The stellar masses in our models range from 0.1–37 M
⊙, and of the 55 stars that form in our models, 12 are >10 M
⊙ and most of the others are 1–10 M
⊙. Our simulations thus suggest that Population III stars have characteristic masses of 1–10 M
⊙ and top-heavy initial mass functions with dN/dM

∝

M

*

−
1.18

. Up to 70% of the stars are ejected from their disks by three-body interactions that, along with ionizing UV feedback, limit their final masses.
Revised Energy Levels of Atomic Lanthanum Considering Hyperfine Structure
Authors: Güzelçimen Feyza , Windholz Laurentius , Başar Gönül , Kröger Sophie
Published: January 2022

The experimental wavenumbers of 2118 spectral lines from calibrated Fourier transform (FT) spectra have been used to determine revised energy values of 405 fine structure levels of atomic lanthanum, 264 levels of even and 141 levels of odd parity, respectively. For the determination of the level energies a weighted global fit of the center-of-gravity (cg) wavenumbers of all 2118 spectral lines has been done. All lines have been classified previously by different spectroscopic methods and by different authors. In order to achieve high accuracy, the hyperfine (hf) structure was taken into account when determining the cg wavenumbers from the FT spectra. The total uncertainty for all revised energy levels lies below 0.007 cm−1. A compilation of all revised energy levels along with their hf structure data is given, as well as a list of the spectral lines used in this investigation.
A new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Thailand, with a key to identify females of 14 species of the Simulium varicorne species-group
Authors: Srisuka Wichai , Aupalee Kittipat , Otsuka Yasushi , Fukuda Masako , Takaoka Hiroyuki , Saeung Atiporn
Published: January 2022

Simulium (Gomphostilbia) khelangensesp. nov. is described on the basis of females, collected by a sweeping net in Lampang, Phitsanulok and Chiang Mai Provinces, Thailand. This new species is placed in the S. chumpornense subgroup of the S. varicorne species-group in the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein by having the antenna with eight flagellomeres, pleural membrane bare, and female subcosta lacking hairs. It is similar to S. kuvangkadilokae Pramual & Tangkawanit from Thailand in the same subgroup but is barely distinguished from the latter species by the head width relative to the greatest width of the frons and length of the labrum relative to the clypeus. A genetic analysis using the COI gene sequences similarly shows that S. khelangensesp. nov. is most closely related to S. kuvangkadilokae, with a genetic distance of 1.23–2.81%. A revised key to identify females of 14 species of the S. varicorne species-group is provided.
Positive solutions for a class of supercritical quasilinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Deng Yin ,   Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China, Zhang Xiaojing , Jia Gao ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China,   College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
Published: January 2022

This paper deals with a class of supercritical quasilinear Schrödinger equations

   \begin{document}$ -\Delta u+V(x)u+\kappa\Delta(\sqrt{1+{u}^{2}})\frac{u}{2\sqrt{1+{u}^{2}}} = \lambda f(u), \; x\in \mathbb{R}^{N}, $\end{document}

where $ \kappa\geq2, \; N\geq3, \; \lambda > 0. $ We suppose that the nonlinearity $ f(t):\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R} $ is continuous and only superlinear in a neighbourhood of $ t = 0. $ By using a change of variable and the variational methods, we obtain the existence of positive solutions for the above problem.