bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polidiastema Vakasının Direk Kompozit Restorasyon İle Estetik Rehabilitasyonu: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: ÖZEN Ezgihan , ÇETİN Ali Rıza
Published: December 2022

Ön bölge dişlerindeki şekil ve pozisyon bozukluklarının tedavisinde direkt kompozit rezin restorasyonlar uygulanabilmektedir. Bu olgu sunumunda; kompozit rezinler kullanılarak non-invaziv direkt yöntemle ön bölge polidiastema vakasının tedavisi anlatılmaktadır.

Kliniğimize estetik şikâyetlerle başvuran 20 yaşındaki erkek hastanın özgeçmişinde sistemik bir hastalığı olmadığı öğrenildi. Hastaya tüm tedavi seçenekleri anlatıldıktan sonra direkt rezin kompozit restorasyonlar ile dişlerin estetik olarak restore edilmesine karar verildi. Restorasyon tamamlandıktan sonra bitirme ve cila işlemleri yapıldı. 6 ay sonra yapılan klinik değerlendirmede; restorasyonların fiziksel özellikleri, marjinal bütünlüğü ve estetik özellikleri kontrol edildi

Kontrol muayenesinde yapılan restorasyonların hastanın estetik beklentilerini karşıladığı ve marjinal bütünlüğünün korunduğu belirlendi.
KAMA LATERAL ANOMALİSİNİN KOMPOZİT RESTORASYONLARLA TEDAVİSİ: OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: YALÇINKAYA Hande , ÜLKER Hayriye Esra
Published: December 2022

: Bu olgu sunumunda kama şeklindeki lateral dişlerde bulunan şekil bozukluğunun ve diestemaların direkt kompozit restorasyonlar ile konservatif olarak tedavisi amaçlanmıştır.

Sistemik hastalığı bulunmayan 18 yaşındaki hasta estetik şikayetlerle kliğimize başvurdu. Hastaya uygulanabilecek tedavi yöntemleri açıklandıktan sonra dişlerin estetik olarak restorasyonunda direkt rezin kompozit kullanılmasına karar verildi. Kama lateraller silikon anahtar kullanılarak kompozit rezin (Essentia Starter Kit Syringe, GC, Japonya) ile restore edildi. Restorasyon tamamlandıktan sonra bitirme ve cilaişlemleri yapıldı. 18 ay sonra yapılan klinik değerlendirmede; restorasyonların fiziksel özellikleri, marjinal bütünlüğü ve estetik özellikleri kontrol edildi. Kontrol seansında yapılan restorasyonların hastanın estetik beklentilerini karşıladığı belirlendi.

Bu olgu sunumunda, konik diş anomalilerinin kompozit rezin restorasyonlar ile tedavisi fiziksel özellikler, marjinal bütünlük ve estetik özellikler açısından klinik olarak yeterli sonuçlar vermiştir.
Endodontik Tedavili Molar ve Premolar Dişlerin Endokron Restorasyonlar ile Rehabilitasyonu: 3 Olgu
Authors: ŞİMŞEK BALABAN Elif Can , ÇETİN Ali Rıza
Published: December 2022

Endodontik tedavi görmüş ve fazla madde kayıplı dişlerin restorasyonu günümüzde hala zorluk olmaya devam etmektedir.Bu dişler için en yaygın kullanılan restorasyon çeşidi kanal içi postlar ve kron kaplamalardır. Ancak kanal içi postlar diş yapısını zayıflatmakta ve köklerin kırılma riskini artırmaktadır. Adeziv tekniklerdeki ilerlemeyle birlikte ayrı bir post ve kron olmadan,kor yapısı ve kron restorasyonunu bünyesinde birleştiren, böylece tek bir parçadan oluşan endokron restorasyonların kullanımı daha minimal invaziv olmaları sebebiyle yaygınlaşmaktadır. Endokronlar çoğunlukla pulpa odasından ve gerektiğinde de kök kanallarından destek alarak tutuculuk sağlayan, adeziv sistemlerle yeterli stabiliteyi elde eden monoblok restorasyonlardır. Bu olgu sunumunda kanal tedavili dişlerin indirekt kompozit rezin kullanılarak üretilen molar endokron restorasyonlar ile rehabilitasyonu üç farklı vakada ele alınmıştır. Bu olgu sunumunun amacı endokron restorasyonların aşamalarının anlatılması ve klinik takip sonuçlarının aktarılmasıdır.
Direkt Kompozit Rezin Restorasyonlar ile Ön Dişlerdeki Diastemaların Estetik Tedavisi
Authors: ALNAFTACHI Noor Yawiz Ahmed , ÇOBANOĞLU Nevin
Published: December 2022

Diastema, dişler arasında görülen açıklıktır veya çene ve diş boyutları arasındaki farklılıklardan kaynaklanan meziodistal boşluklardır. Bu vakada ön dişlerin diastemalarının direkt kompozit rezin restorasyonlar ile diş yüzeylerinde herhangi bir ön hazırlık gerektirmeksizin tek seansta estetik tedavisi anlatılmıştır.Öncelikle kompozit rezinin doğal dişlere göre uygun renk tonu seçimi yapıldı. Diş yüzeyleri %37’lik fosforik asit ile pürüzlendirildi ve üreticinin talimatlarına göre iki aşamalı self etch adeziv uygulandı. Daha sonra şeffaf bandlar ile kompozit rezin şekillendirilerek diastemalar kapatıldı. Son olarak, ince grenli elmas frezler ve kompozit polisaj diskleri kullanılarak bitirme ve polisaj işlemleri gerçekleştirildi. Hastanın estetik beklentileri tek seansta ortadan kalktı. Estetik şikayetleri olan hastalarda yeterli oral hijyen motivasyonu sağlandığında direkt kompozit restorasyonun başarılı bir tedavi seçeneği olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Anterior Dişlerdeki Demineralizasyonun Rezin İnfiltrasyon (Icon®) ile Tedavisi: Bir Olgu Sunumu
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Sinem , ÜNLÜ Nimet
Published: December 2022

Düz mine yüzeylerinde, çürüğün en erken kanıtı beyaz nokta (white spot) lezyonları, yetersiz oral hijyen nedeniyle sık görülen önemli bir komplikasyondur. Rezin infiltrasyon tekniği, rezin materyalin beyaz lezyonun gövdesine infiltre edilmesini sağlayan ve klinik kullanımı yaygınlaşmakta olan bir minimal invaziv restoratif tedavi seçeneğidir. Bu olgu sunumunun amacı da; dişlerin düz yüzeylerinde oluşan demineralizasyon kaynaklı beyaz nokta lezyonların sebep olduğu estetik problemlerin minimal invaziv bir yaklaşım olan resin infiltrasyon yöntemiyle tedavi edilmesinin sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir.
TRAVMA SONUCU OLUŞAN KIRIKLARDA DİŞLERİN KENDİ KIRIK PARÇALARIYLA RESTORASYONU: 2 OLGU NEDENİYLE
Authors: ÇETİN Ali Rıza , ÖZKAN Ali Kamuran
Published: December 2022

Ön bölge dişleri kafa travmaları sırasında darbeye en sık maruz kalabilen diş grubudur. Yaygın bir dental sağlık sorunu olan ve yaşam standartlarını düşüren travmatik diş yaralanmaları, diş ve periradiküler yapılara zarar verebilen, fiziksel ve psikolojik rahatsızlıklar ile ağrıya neden olabilen bir durumdur. Travmanın etkileri klinik ve radyolojik muayenede dikkatle kontrol edilmelidir.

Travma sonucu, pulpası açılmamış kuron kırığı bulunan dişlerde tedavi yöntemi olarak, kırık parçanın rezin içerikli bondingle yapıştırılması yöntemi uygulanabilir. Bu sayede asitle pürüzlendirme haricinde diş yapısından madde kaybı olmaksızın, minimal invaziv restoratif yaklaşımlar uygulanabilmektedir. Yaptığımız olgu sunumunun amacı: orijinal parçasıyla restore edilen dişlere uygulanan tedavi sonucunun estetik ve fonksiyonel parametrelerle takiplerini değerlendirmek ve bu tekniğin avantajlarını ortaya koyabilmektir.
Implementation of a Medical Clearance Algorithm for Psychiatric Emergency Patients
Authors: Berg Julie S. , Payne Asha S. , Wavra Theresa , Morrison Sephora , Patel Shilpa J.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

Despite evidence demonstrating limited benefit, many clinicians continue to perform routine laboratory testing of well-appearing children to medically clear them before psychiatric admission.

METHODS:

We conducted a quality improvement project to reduce routine laboratory testing among pediatric patients requiring admission to our psychiatric unit. We convened key stakeholders whose input informed the modification of an existing pathway and the development of a medical clearance algorithm. Our outcome was a reduction in routine laboratory testing for children requiring psychiatric admission. Our balancing measure was the number of patients requiring transfer from the inpatient psychiatry unit to a medical service. We used run charts to evaluate nonrandom variation and demonstrate sustained change.

RESULTS:

Before the introduction of the new medical clearance algorithm, 93% (n = 547/589) of children with psychiatric emergencies received laboratory testing. After implementing the medical clearance algorithm, 19.6% (n = 158/807) of children with psychiatric emergencies received laboratory testing. Despite a decreased rate of routine testing, there were no transfers to the medical service.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementing a medical clearance algorithm can decrease routine laboratory testing without increasing transfers to the medical service among children requiring psychiatric admission.
Speech Enhancement Method Based on Modified Encoder-Decoder Pyramid Transformer
Authors: Lependin Andrey Aleksandrovich , Nasretdinov Rauf Salavatovich , Ilyashenko Ilya Dmitrievich
Published: December 2022

The development of new technologies for voice communication has led to the need of improvement of speech enhancement methods. Modern users of information systems place high demands on both the intelligibility of the voice signal and its perceptual quality. In this work we propose a new approach to solving the problem of speech enhancement. For this, a modified pyramidal transformer neural network with an encoder-decoder structure was developed. The encoder compressed the spectrum of the voice signal into a pyramidal series of internal embeddings. The decoder with self-attention transformations reconstructed the mask of the complex ratio of the cleaned and noisy signals based on the embeddings calculated by the encoder. Two possible loss functions were considered for training the proposed neural network model. It was shown that the use of frequency encoding mixed with the input data has improved the performance of the proposed approach. The neural network was trained and tested on the DNS Challenge 2021 dataset. It showed high performance compared to modern speech enhancement methods. We provide a qualitative analysis of the training process of the implemented neural network. It showed that the network gradually moved from simple noise masking in the early training epochs to restoring the missing formant components of the speaker's voice in later epochs. This led to high performance metrics and subjective quality of enhanced speech.
War or peace? – International legal issues concerning the use of force in the Russia–Ukraine conflict
Authors: Hoffmann Tamás
Published: December 2022

The Russian Federation launched an armed invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, resulting in an international armed conflict of a level unprecedented since the Second World War. This article attempts to clarify the main international legal issues concerning the use of force and the support to of the belligerent parties. In the first part, it evaluates the Russian claims that the use of force is in accordance with the rules of international law, i.e. whether self-defence, the protection of nationals or humanitarian intervention could justify the intervention. In the second part, it investigates whether supporting one of the belligerent parties, especially Ukraine, could amount to a violation of the rules of neutrality or even constitute participation in the Russia–Ukraine conflict.
Artistic motivations are intrinsic, specific, and temporally stable by nature: Evidence from large real-life Brazilian public data between 1987–2004
Authors: Varella Marco Antonio Correa
Published: December 2022

Artistic behavior as aesthetically enhancing activities is conceptualized as a functionally autonomous activity within the evolved human behavioral repertoire. Accordingly, it should be intrinsically motivated, and it might also be expected to be temporally stable and domain specific. Preferential freely-pursued activities reflect intrinsic motivation and offer a valuable measure of artistic motivation. We used a large decades-long real-life public Brazilian data set from university applications to test these ideas. We analysed data on extra-class activities from 674.699 late-adolescents applying for university courses between 1987 and 2004, mostly between 17 and 19 years of age; approximately half men and half women. We found that 27% of individuals reported that Artistic/cultural activities were the leisure-time activity they participated in most frequently, and 32% reported they spent the longest period of free-time doing Artistic-activities (theater/cinema, music, dance, art-craft/plastic arts). Interestingly, from this whole sample, only less than 3% actually applied for artistic careers, which suggests that the prevalence of prioritizing artistic activities is higher than commonly assumed and includes not only professional artists, but also many hobbyists, amateurs and dedicated fans. Further, artistic careers applicants prioritize art almost three times more than the total of applicants, suggesting its specificity. After controlling for inconsistency of answer options during the period, prioritizing both Artistic/cultural and Artistic-activities remained temporally stable, as predicted. Despite limitations, overall results supported the hypotheses that artistic behavior is more intrinsically motivated, domain specific, and temporally stable. This plausibly demonstrates that artistic propensity has at least partly an evolved nature.
Myth Theorized
Authors: Segal Robert A.
Published: December 2022

This collection of essays is about theories of myth. The theories come from both the social sciences—psychology, sociology, and anthropology–and the humanities—philosophy, religious studies, and literature. Theories seek to answer three main questions: what is the origin, what is the function, and what is the subject matter of myth? Chapter one contrasts E. B. Tylor’s quintessentially nineteenth-century of myth– that myth serves to explain events in the physical world–to Hans Blumenberg’s equally quintessentially twentieth-century one–that myth serves to do anything but explain events in the physical world. Chapter two contrasts F. Max Müller’s theory of myth to that of Tylor. Where Tylor sees myth as an aspect of religion, at least of primitive religion, Müller pits myth against religion. Chapter three presents J. G. Frazer’s interpretation of Adonis as the god of vegetation or vegetation itself. Chapter four presents Frazer’s interpretation of Osiris, one of his other main Mediterranean gods. Chapter five compares the theories of two of the most popular writers on myth: Frazer and Joseph Campbell. Frazer epitomizes the nineteenth-century view of myth: that myth is merely primitive. Campbell epitomizes the twentieth-century view of myth: that myth is panhuman. Chapter six argues that Campbell, despite the commonly applied characterization, is almost anything but a disciple of C. G. Jung’s. Chapter seven asks whether Mircea Eliade’s theory actually allows for modern myths, even in light of his fundamental claim that all humans have and must have myth. Chapter eight considers Eliade on the compatibility of myth with science. Chapter nine sums up the book Twentieth Century Mythologies (2006) by Daniel Dubuisson. He praises Georges Dumézil and Claude Lévi-Strauss as rigorous thinkers and disparages Eliade as a fascist rather than a scholar. Chapter ten presents the array of views on the relationship between myth and literature. The key theorist of myth here is Frazer. He himself does not apply his theory to literature, but many others do. Chapter eleven compares various theorists on the nature of hell and heaven. Chapter twelve asks whether heroes of myth must be male. For some theorists of myth, the answer is yes. For others, no. Chapter thirteen considers the concept, developed by Jung and the physicist Wolfgang Pauli, of synchronicity, or a noncausal relationship between humans and the external world. The fourteenth and final chapter offers a virtual summary of the book. It presents the varying positions of theorists on the relationship among four categories: myth, science, religion, and philosophy. Each theory is applied to the myth of Noah (Genesis 6-9).
Istota i miejsce doskonalenia nauczycieli w polskim systemie prawnym – formy doskonalenia zawodowego nauczycieli. Z doświadczeń Powiatowego Centrum Doskonalenia Zawodowego Nauczycieli w Puławach
Authors:   Powiatowe Centrum Doskonalenia Nauczycieli w Puławach, Polska, Baracz Anna
Published: December 2022

The article attempts to analyze the conditions of the systemic implementation of professional development in the Polish education system. The legal basis of the teacher training system and the elements of this system in Poland were discussed. The development trends of the system were shown both in the area of gaining qualifications by teachers and improving the knowledge and skills already possessed. The specificity of teachers’ work in the aspect of socio-economic changes and the need for continuous improvement were emphasized. An analysis of the research in the area of educational needs of the educational environment was carried out in the aspect of preferences regarding the forms of in-service training within the functioning of the poviat public teacher training institution, which allowed to indicate the tendencies and preferences of teachers in the area of in-service training.
Research of the development of the electronic industry and economy on the example of Ukraine
Authors: Shyshkovskyi Serhii , Semkiv Ihor , Kashuba Andrii
Published: December 2022

The object of research is the electronic industry and economy on the example of Ukraine. The rapid development of national economies is accompanied by the introduction of the best innovative technologies and knowledge, which leads to the informatization of all processes in society. The electronic industry plays a key role in the development of the economies of market countries. And the problem of the global shortage of semiconductors, which are components in most devices, actualizes the pressing issue of the development of the electronic industry in Ukraine.
In the course of the study, the method of theoretical analysis was used in the study of the electronic industry in Ukraine and statistical tools were used in the identification and assessment of trends in the development of the industry in Ukraine. As well as methods of theoretical analysis, comparison and generalization for the general analysis of the development of the domestic economy, and a graphic method for the analysis of statistical data on changes in the socio-economic state of the country and industry.
The proposed work examines the development of the electronic products market and industry in Ukraine. The obtained results of the study indicate the insufficient level of development of the electronic industry in Ukraine, as well as the need to build a sustainable partnership between enterprises of the electronic industry and scientific institutes conducting developments in the field of nanomaterials.
Thanks to the obtained research results, electronics manufacturers will be able to focus their attention on methods of building joint alliances with scientific institutes and increase the level of technology transfer in Ukraine. The results of the study can be used to compare the development of the electronic industry and the economy of European countries in conditions of constant crisis phenomena.
TEORIA E PRÁTICA NA VISÃO DOS PROFESSORES QUE ENSINAM MATEMÁTICA NO ÂMBITO DA FORMAÇÃO DO PNAIC
Authors: Weber Daniela Guse , Ventura Lidnei
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo descreve a pesquisa realizada com professores da Rede Municipal de Ensino de XXXXXX, que ensinam Matemática no ciclo de alfabetização, e que participaram da formação continuada do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC), em 2014. O recorte apresentado neste trabalho tem por objetivo investigar as relações estabelecidas pelos professores entre teoria e prática no processo de formação continuada e as consequentes implicações deste entendimento para a prática docente no processo de alfabetização matemática. Partindo-se da metodologia da Grounded Theory (GT), aplicou-se questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os professores a fim de interpretar os dados de campo de acordo com a GT. Essa fase da pesquisa permitiu perceber que os professores valorizaram diversos aspectos da formação realizada pelo PNAIC, levando-os a refletir sobre sua prática pedagógica. Dentre os aspectos mais relevantes, os professores apontaram o incentivo ao registro das práticas executadas em sala de aula, que leva à reflexão sobre a prática; a maior segurança e legitimidade em propor práticas matemáticas em função da apropriação de conteúdos matemáticos contemplados na formação, desmistificando suas relações com o conhecimento matemático; e a valorização do potencial pedagógico do planejamento de atividades lúdicas e materiais manipuláveis na educação matemática.
ABANDONO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO ENTRE AS INTERAÇÕES DO CONTEXTO SOCIAL, DESEMPENHO E A PERCEPÇÃO DOS ESTUDANTES EVADIDOS
Authors: Bitencourt Wanderci Alves , Silva Diego Mello , Xavier Gláucia do Carmo
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil dos estudantes em situação de evasão dos cursos superiores de um dos campi do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, bem com a percepção dos estudantes evadidos sobre as principais causas que influenciaram a sua decisão pela não continuidade no curso. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com base em três dimensões de análise, sendo o risco de evasão avaliado segundo sua relação com variáveis socioeconômicas, variáveis de desempenho e causas percebidas como significativas à decisão de abandono. A coleta dos dados sobre variáveis socioeconômicas e de desempenho foram obtidas por meio de sistemas de registros e documentos internos à instituição. A percepção dos estudantes foi obtida pela aplicação de questionário online. A análise descritiva das variáveis socioeconômicas e educacionais, permitiu a caracterização do perfil do estudante que decide pela evasão de forma voluntária. Sobre as motivações para a evasão, sugere-se que causas como dificuldade nas disciplinas e/ou conteúdo, expectativa de tempo até a conclusão do curso, empregabilidade e salários da profissão, estresse financeiro e em relação ao futuro, assim como interesse em realizar outro curso superior, são os que mais impactaram na decisão do estudante em evadir. A partir desses resultados, foi possível propor um produto educacional, no formato de um quadro de ações, para auxiliar em estratégias que possam ser adotadas pela instituição em estudo.
A Measure of Combustion-Generated Pollutants in University Laboratories and their Effects on the Indoor Air Quality
Authors: Nkeleme Emmanuel Ifeanyichukwu , Mbamali Ikemefuna , Shakantu Winston
Published: December 2022

Combustion is one of the fundamental processes in learning and teaching in laboratories that leads to the release of gaseous pollutants that are both hazardous and a threat to the environment and health of individuals. This paper sought to measure the amount of combustion pollutants generated and their effects on the indoor air quality of a typical university laboratory using some selected laboratories in Ahmadu Bello University Zaria as a case study. The Combustion pollutants were measured using an IMR 1400C gas analyser. At the same time, its effects were assessed using a well-structured questionnaire designed and administered to hundred and twenty-seven laboratory users who were randomly selected. Data collected from the questionnaires were analysed using computer-based SPSS software. The results revealed that CO during combustion exceeded the ASHRAE 62 and NAAQS limit of 9ppm, reaching up to 45ppm at some points; also, oxygen was observed to be at a critical level of 20.9% and at some point falling below the limit to 20.4%. It was also observed that fatigue (RII: 0.81) is the most prominent symptom of poor indoor air quality during combustion, among other symptoms like coughing and sneezing, dryness and irritation of eyes and throat, sinus congestion, shortness of breath and headache, arranged in the order of intensity. The absence of functional fume hoods, laboratory congestion, and inadequate ventilation systems intensify the discomforting effect of combustion-generated pollutants in laboratories. Thus, it is recommended that fume hoods should be well maintained for functionality and installed in Laboratories where they do not exist (chemistry lab I). Finally, providing adequate ventilation systems in the laboratories would help increase safety in labs for learning and teaching purposes. 
Keywords: Combustion Generated Pollutants, Indoor Air Quality, Measurement of Pollutants.
Evaluation of compliance of concreting materials to standards in building projects in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Opawole Akintayo , Alao Oluwaseyi Olalekan , Yusuf Anthony Olukayode , Adu Emmanuel Tayo , Ofoetan Michael Adeola
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The incessant collapse of high-rise buildings has necessitated research into the compliance of materials — structural components and elements — to standards. This study evaluated compliance of concreting materials with standards in building project delivery. It examined the factors that influence compliance with standards of materials used for producing concrete elements. A quantitative approach was adopted in the study where structured questionnaires were administered to designers and constructors (such as architects, engineers/site supervisors and quantity surveyors) in consulting and contracting organisations in Lagos State, Nigeria. The data were analysed using frequency distribution, mean score, standard deviation, factor analysis and Kruskal Wallis test. Factors affecting compliance of materials with standards were categorised into construction site-based and procurement-based. These are technical, regulation, procurement, capacity, performance, and skill. The study provides implications for quality building production through improved compliance of concreting materials to standards. It also found the neglect of the use of structural engineers' services and limited standards observance on site. These lead to substandard components and elements production. It, therefore, recommends efficient regulatory policies, enforcement mechanisms, improved training and instilling ethical standards among project stakeholders.
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Keywords – Building projects, Compliance, Concreting materials, National standards, Project delivery
Contributing Elements and Issues to Strategic Management in the Construction Industry Among Small and Medium Enterprises: A Case Study in South Africa's eThekwini Region
Authors: Amit Rambaruth  , Adam Jamila Khatoon , Krishna Suresh Babu Naidu
Published: December 2022

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are vital to the economy and have helped it grow, but they still have a high failure rate. Many businesses fail within the first few months of operation due to a lack of strategic planning. This study aimed to identify persuading factors that contribute to strategic management to improve performance and categorise challenges faced by SMEs in implementing a strategic plan in the eThekwini region of South Africa. The study adopted a quantitative research approach, and the population of interest for the research includes small and medium construction companies, which were sourced via the Construction Industry Development Board (cidb) registry. An online survey tool was used to distribute the questionnaire to 145 small and medium businesses. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The study's findings reveal that most eThekwini-based SMEs in the construction industry use strategic management practices to improve their business performance. The key factors for strategic management in SMEs, such as improving decision-making processes, increasing productivity, and gaining a competitive advantage, demonstrated high levels of agreement among participants regarding improving business performance. This study also found widespread agreement on the challenges of implementing a strategic plan in an organisation. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) must develop procedures and policies to deal with the difficulties that arise when drafting a strategic plan. This will ensure that strategic planning works in their operations. This can be accomplished by implementing strategic management into SMEs training programs offered by government and tertiary institutions that support SMEs. The government should also improve education and broaden its business skills curriculum.
Keywords: Business, Construction, Performance, Planning, Strategy, South Africa.
Diagnostic Possibilities of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography with Intravenous Contrast in Diseases of the Bile Ducts
Authors: Karmazanovsky Grigoriy G. , Chzhao Alexey V. , Ayvazyan Khachatur A. , Goncharov Anton B. , Saraeva Veronika A. , Trifonov Sergey A.
Published: December 2022

Every year the number of operations on the hepatobiliary zone is steadily increasing due to diseases of the bile ducts. Against this background, there is a need for an accurate diagnosis of complications of these interventions; classical magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is of limited use. With the introduction of a liver-specific contrast agent (Gd-EOB-DTPA), the possibility of diagnosing diseases of the bile ducts has expanded. In this clinical review, we review the technical aspects and benefits of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR cholangiography. Various types of contrast agents, methods of their use in MRI, the dependence of the signal intensity in the bile ducts on the time of administration of the substance, the presence of chronic liver diseases are covered in detail. Separately, studies are given on the diagnosis of diseases of the bile ducts with altered biliary anatomy, biliary fistulas after surgical interventions. In conclusion, data are presented on promising studies of the functional state of the liver based on the use of MRI with hepatotropic contrast enhancement.
The Relationship of Changes in Oral Microbiocenosis and Mucosal Immunity in the Conditions of 14-Day Isolation of a Person in a Hermetic Object with an Artificial Habitat
Authors: Ilyin Vyacheslav K. , Solovieva Zoya O. , Rykova Marina P. , Skedina Maria A. , Kovaleva Anna A. , Nosovskiy Andrey M. , Sheblaeva Anna S. , Tsarev Victor N. , Podporin Mikhail S. , Bystrova Olga V. , Gizinger Oksana A. , Lovtsevich Sergey M. , Komissarova Daria V.
Published: December 2022

Background. Changes in the human oral microbiota is an adaptive process. Infections will be particularly manifest in extreme conditions, especially during a long stay in space flight, where the astronaut is exposed to various nonspecific stresses. Aim the aim of the work is to estimate the complex influence of 14-day isolation conditions of human being in sealed environment on the state of natural barriers of periodontal colonization. Methods. During the experiment 6 volunteer subjects (4 men and 2 women) aged 24 to 45 years old were confined for 14 days to an air-tight space simulating a spaceship capsule. Then from 6 to 18 days after leaving the experiment the experimental group (4 people) received Lactobacillus spp. autoprobiotics once a day on an empty stomach in the morning. During this period the control group (2 persons) took Linex (Lebenin: Lactobacillus acidophilus (species L. gasseri) 300 mg, Bifidobacterium infantis 300 mg, Enterococcus faecium 300 mg, lactose 50 mg). Qualitative and quantitative changes of oral microbiota, concentration of immunoglobulins (sIgA, IgA, IgM) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1, IL-4, INF, TNF) in periodontal samples were recorded. The number of periodontopathogens and regional blood flow in the periodontium under conditions of prolonged confinement and hypokinesia were studied. Results. In comparison with the background period during the time of isolation, a quantitative growth of obligate periodontopathogens was observed in the subjects. This was accompanied by increased levels of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA, sIgA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8). There was an increase in blood flow in the arteriolo- venular part of the microcirculatory channel of periodontal tissues after leaving isolation. Subsequently, there was a tendency to optimize microbiocenosis through the use of probiotic and autoprobiotic agents. Along with this, there was a decrease of anti-inflammatory interleukin IL-4 practically to the initial values on the 18th day.
How and why to educate to old age? – geragog perspective
Authors: Leszczyńska-Rejchert Anna
Published: December 2022

Due to the progressive aging process of modern societies, the issue of preparation for old age has become extremely important. In terms of representatives of geragogy (pedagogy of old age), the most important form of preparation for old age is education for old age. The article reviews the concept of Polish educators in the field of “learning old age”, and also formulates a proposal for gerontological education, covering all age groups.
Visible Hands: Professional Asset Managers' Expectations and the Stock Market in China
Authors: Ammer John , Rogers John , Wang Gang , Yu Yang
Published: December 2022
A North-South Model of Structural Change and Growth
Authors: Aristizabal-Ramirez Maria , Leahy John , Tesar Linda
Published: December 2022

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Configuration of Regional Entrepreneurial Ecosystems through the Prism of Spatial and Hierarchical Analysis
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Malikov R. I. , Grishin K. E. ,   Bashkir State University, Timiryanova V.M. ,   Bashkir State University
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, entrepreneurship should be analysed from the perspective of interconnectedness and mutual influence of elements of regional economic systems, since the type and intensity of their interaction determine the emergence of windows of opportunity for entrepreneurs. Thus, the present study uses an ecosystem approach. We hypothesise that the spatial configuration of the performance of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems (REES) largely depends on the interaction between local entrepreneurial ecosystems, as well as on the cumulative impact of REES on local entrepreneurial ecosystems. Using the methodology of spatial and hierarchical analysis, the study investigates the dependence of the development of local entrepreneurial ecosystems on their embeddedness in regional entrepreneurial ecosystems, assesses the spatial connectivity of REES, and considers relationships between small and large businesses in regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. The global Moran’s I and the Getis-Ord statistics for regional entrepreneurial ecosystems used to assess their spatial connectivity were calculated based on the analysis of data concerning the shipping volume of large and medium enterprises from 2315 municipalities of 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the level of local entrepreneurial ecosystems, the study revealed the link between the variation in the values of the shipping volume of business entities and their belonging to specific regional entrepreneurial ecosystems (constituent entities of the Russian Federation). In addition, a positive relationship was found between the shipping volume of large and medium enterprises operating in local entrepreneurial ecosystems, the shipping volume of goods produced by small enterprises and the average revenue of individual entrepreneurs. Considering the identified factors of spatial determination of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems and the closeness of interregional and intermunicipal ties of local entrepreneurial ecosystems, it is possible to generalise the best practices of spatial organisation of regional business communities and create effective development models.
How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Accelerated E-Commerce in Russia: Evidence from Firm-Level Data with Spatial Factors
Authors:   HSE University, Fedyunina A. A. , Gorodnyi N. A. ,   HSE University, Simachev Yu. V. ,   HSE University, Drapkin I. M. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: December 2022

The retail and wholesale sector has been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic, leading to a major sector transformation. In this study, we analyse the factors of firm-level e-commerce adoption and expansion in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and pay special attention to the regional level determinants of e-commerce. We use the data provided by the EBRD-EIB-WB Enterprise Survey that includes about 18,000 observations for firms in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Central Asia (CA) and approximately 1000 observations in Russia. We use the probit and weighted probit estimation techniques. Our central hypothesis states that while large cities are usually seen as drivers of the expansion of e-com-merce, lagging regions are catching up with the leading regions in the adoption of e-commerce. The study shows that firms in regions with lower levels of e-commerce before COVID-19 and firms in large cities were more likely to adopt e-commerce during the pandemic, which evidences a convergence in e-commerce between Russian regions. In contrast to the firms in CEE and CA countries, export market orientation and supply chain signals do not foster e-commerce adoption in Russia. This can be explained by weak development of subcontracting networks and low participation of small and medium-sized firms in cooperative relationships in Russia. Regarding policy implications, we argue that policy measures should focus on the distribution of low-cost solutions aiming to decrease entry barriers, liberalise domestic markets for entrance of foreign platforms in Russia, and support the development of domestic platforms.
Post-Crisis Regionalisation of Global Value Chains in Strategies of Transnational Companies
Authors:   State University of Management, Smirnov E.N.
Published: December 2022

The current global crisis led to the transformation of global value chains (GVC) in strategies of transnational companies (TNCs). The present study aims to establish a causal relationship between the volatility of the world economy and regionalisation of global value chains. Based on historical analysis and a systemic-functional approach, scattered information about the impact of global value chains on the development of TNC strategies was integrated. Thus, various aspects of TNC activities (their participation in international trade, international capital flows, etc.) were analysed together in order to identify the consequences of regionalisation for the strategic development of such companies. The study revealed that the established international production system carries many risks, which are exacerbated by continuing protectionism in international trade. Under the influence of digitalisation, regionalisation of value chains and partial reshoring of production facilities are the key directions for further development of GVCs. Given the rapid cross-border transmission of exogenous shocks, the stability and sustainability of global value chains will determine their development; however, there is no evidence whether GVCs will lengthen or shorten. The high cost of the complex reconfiguration of GVCs towards regionalisation will lead to only minor changes in their architecture. The redesign will affect only some aspects of activities, in particular, the organisation of work with global suppliers. While the weak integration of developing countries into GVCs will remain, the barriers to internationalisation will be reduced under the influence of digitalisation, creating new opportunities for the incorporation of small business into the international production system. In general, global value chains will still be considered a reliable source to reduce the risks of global operating activities of TNCs. The research results can be used for further theoretical and methodological development of internationalisation strategies.
Temperature Effects in Polymer Materials Numerical Solution with Using Material Process by a Pulsed Ion Beams Taking Into Account the Heat Flows Relaxation Parameter
Authors:   Institute of Continuum Media Mechanics UB RAS, Komar Ludmila
Published: December 2022

A one-dimensional problem numerical simulation of the thermal wave motion in a material is carried out. The material surface is processed by a pulsed ion beam. The pulse action as a source function is given by a linear dependence on a time and an ion penetration depth into the material. The above heat-conduction equation is a non-linear differential equation with a parameter which presents the relaxation time of the heat flux. The heat-conduction equation is supplemented by the heat flow change in time equation, which was proposed by Cattaneo and Vernotte. The temperature and heat flux equations system is numerically solved with using the finite difference method. A significant relaxation parameter value influence on the temperature profiles formation in the treated material surface vicinity is shown.
LIMITS OF THE EXERCISE OF FAMILY RIGHTS
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Ulianova M. V.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: modern ideas about the exercise of rights are associated with the concepts of limits of the exercise of rights and abuse of rights. This topic is discussed in the paper with regard to the science of family law. Researchers use the concept of the abuse of parental rights in works on family law, the legislator – when referring to measures of family law protection and the extreme form of responsibility. Meanwhile, the content of the interrelated concept of the limits of the exercise of family rights has not yet been researched in detail as distinguished from other concepts. There are no works providing insight into the scope of this concept determined by its belonging to family law, no studies discussing the common and distinctive features of the concept in relation to other branches (in particular, in relation to civil law, where the abovementioned categories have been developed sufficiently). The existence of concepts that do not have a well-developed comprehensive definition negatively affects both social relations and law enforcement. Purpose: to define the concept of ‘the limits of the exercise of family rights’, to identify the attributes of the limits of the exercise of family rights, the meaning of the formation of the term. Methods: historical, comparative-legal, structural-functional. Results: the paper provides a study of the category ‘limits of the exercise of the right’ from a historical perspective; identifies the attributes of the definition of this concept, thus distinguishing it from other similar concepts; provides understanding of the limits of the exercise of family rights and fulfilment of obligations as presented in the science of family law; offers the term ‘limits of the exercise of family rights and fulfilment of obligations’. Conclusions: the conclusions drawn as a result of the research conducted can be applied in the development of scientific knowledge about the exercise of family rights and fulfillment of obligations.
Fantasy in the Russian-Language Segment of Literature of Kazakhstan
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Markova Tatyana N.
Published: December 2022

The turn of the 20th–21st centuries is characterized by highly intensive processes of national self-identification. An important role in this process is played by fantasy as a popular genre of popular literature. The study of Kazakh fantasy is of academic interest due to its popularity with readers, the dynamic transformation of the genre structure. The article demonstrates a wide genre spectrum of Kazakh fantasy books and their authors. In the novel Resurrecting Legends Timur Yermashev turns to the heroic page in the history of the Kazakhs – the Orbulak battle of the 17th century. Ilyaz Nurgaliyev consistently works with national myths and folklore images of the Turkic peoples. Azamat Baigaliev and Kira Nurullina write about aliens. Sabyr Kairkhanov in the format of urban fantasy (the novel Synchro) raises the question of the ambiguous role of the Semipalatinsk test site in the life of the Kazakhs. An example of the combination of children’s and adventure fantasy is the novel by Zira Naurzbayeva and Lily Kalaus In Search of the Golden Bowl: The Adventures of Batu and His Friends. Particularly popular are fantasy texts with plots based on the facts of national history, those resurrecting the heroes of Kazakhstani mythology, national traditions and customs. The themes and poetics of Kazakh fantasy are in line with the processes developing in modern prose, the nature of the transformation of the genre correlates with the changing readership. Fantasy readers are mainly representatives of a certain social and age group, those attracted by the topical issues raised – the growth of national self-consciousness – combined with an exciting adventurous plot. The entertaining genre of popular literature has taken on an important ideological function – to promote and shape the national identity of the Kazakhs in a situation of geopolitical changes.
Media Agendas Built by Non-Institutional Actorsof the Journalistic Field: Specific Features
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Agnistikova Olga I.
Published: December 2022

The article examines the problem of agenda building, classic for theory of journalism, which acquires a new dimension in the digital media space. By using journalistic practices, non-institutional actors gain symbolic power in the field of the production of meanings. The author hypothesizes that such actors form their own media agenda, which serves as a counterbalance to the traditional-mainstream agenda, characteristic of the federal Russian TVdiscourse. The paper reveals the features of the thematic level of the agendas through the example of the news-review media format of the YouTube channel ‘varlamov’. The study is based on theoretical approaches that assume a subject-instrumental division of participants acting in the field of journalism, and employs a rational-system classification of subjectivity. In the course of research, the peculiarities of media agendas in terms of the level of their formation, thematic dominants, and the nature of the issues discussed were determined. These include the poly-thematic nature, the emphasis on the national level, the priority of internal issues over external ones, and the predominance of political and social aspects of media reality being presented. Specific topics were found to be emphasized in the analyzed media agendas: human rights and civil protests. The features of rational subjectivity were revealed. Following the interests of the audience manifests itself in the nature of economic and social news, which are related to everyday human needs. The conclusion is made that the media agenda in the cases examined is influenced by the factor of opposition to official discourse and that it is civic-oriented in nature.
The Concept of ‘Insularity’as Part of British Worldview and Its Linguistic Representation in British English
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mishina Luiza F.
Published: December 2022

. In modern research, works on peculiarities of various cultures and the connection between concepts and cultures are becoming more and more topical. The article deals with the concept of ‘insularity’ as part of British conceptual worldview. The purpose is to analyze the linguistic means representing the concept of ‘insularity’ in British English. British mentality inevitably finds its linguistic manifestation in British English. This statement is supported by examples from the British National Corpus (BNC) and the dailyBritish newspaper The Guardian. In the course of research, the author analyzed dictionary definitions of lexemes that form an integral part of the concept in question. These lexical units are noted to carry negative connotations and be labeled ‘disapproving’ in authoritative monolingual dictionaries. The material was selected from the contexts presented in the BNC and The Guardian using the continuous sampling method. The main research methods employed are contextual, linguocognitive, and discourse analyses. The lexical items were taken from authoritative monolingual dictionaries, in which more than a half of the analyzed lexical units are marked as ‘disapproving’. Among these were words such as ‘complacent’, ‘philistine’, etc. Having analyzed the usage of the words ‘insular’, ‘insularity’, and other lexical units as used for characterization of the British, the author draws a conclusion about the role the concept of ‘insularity’ plays in shaping British conceptual worldview. Further research in the field would promote better understanding of British mentality and the peculiarities of British English.