bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detección automática de posición corporal en animales de granja
Authors: Agudelo John Fredy Ramirez , Montoya Jose Fernando Guarín , Mazo Sebastian Bedoya
Published: March 2022

Contextualización: Los animales utilizan una amplia gama de variaciones en sus poses corporales que puede ser interpretada como información sobre su estado de salud, bienestar o actividad individual. Sin embargo, la observación directa de estas posiciones es una tarea que demanda tiempo y es económicamente inviable en las empresas pecuarias. Gracias a las técnicas de visión por computador es posible que la implementación de sistemas de observación automática en las granjas sea una alternativa viable.

Vacío de conocimiento: Actualmente no existe un modelo de estimación de pose de uso exclusivo con animales de granja que permita el desarrollo de sistemas de detección automática de posturas.

Propósito: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño de un modelo de redes neuronales re-entrenado para la detección de poses en algunas especies de rumiantes y en caballos.

Metodología: De la base de datos Imagenet, se descargaron más de diez mil imágenes de rumiantes y equinos. De estas imágenes, se seleccionaron 2000 de vacunos y 591 de otras especies para el re-entrenamiento y evaluación del modelo, respectivamente. Estas imágenes fueron etiquetadas con el programa COCO Annotator. Este proceso consistió en la identificación manual de ocho puntos claves de la anatomía de los animales en cada imagen. El proceso de re-entrenamiento fue realizado con la librería detectron2 en Python. Para cuantificar la precisión del modelo se utilizó la similitud de puntos claves de objeto.

Resultados y conclusiones: El índice de similitud de puntos claves de objeto permitió establecer que el aprendizaje desarrollado por el modelo para identificar puntos clave en vacunos puede ser utilizado para la misma tarea en otros animales de granja. Caballos y búfalos presentaron los mejores resultados de detección. En conclusión, un conjunto de datos relativamente pequeño de la posición en animales permite evaluar la generalización de la inferencia de los modelos dentro (vacunos) y fuera del dominio (otros rumiantes y equinos). Este tipo trabajos sirven como línea base para el desarrollo de sistemas de monitoreo automático de animales de granja.
The role of coarse aggregates in hydrophobized hydraulic concrete
Authors: Mora Ernesto , Castellón Erick
Published: March 2022

Concrete materials with decreased water-absorption characteristics are optimum for some construction applications. Hydrophobicity accompanied by decreased water absorption in a concrete material can be achieved through its formulation with hydrophobic silica particles. Despite this effect of hydrophobic additions to concrete, the water absorption and hydrophobicity of the final concrete materials can be affected by the water affinity of the coarse aggregates used in their preparation. The role of these coarse aggregates was studied in concrete with added hydrophobic silica particles and prepared with three coarse aggregates with marked differences in their water absorption: quartz rocks (low), igneous andesitic rocks (medium) and igneous basaltic rocks (high). The hydrophobicity and water-absorption characteristics of the concrete materials depended on the coarse aggregates used in their preparations. The materials prepared with quartz as coarse aggregates produced less water-absorbing materials. In contrast, the use of igneous basaltic rocks produced materials with greater absorption. A pretreatment involving impregnation of the igneous basaltic rocks with hydrophobic particles before their use in the preparation of concrete material caused significantly decreased water absorption.
Snakeskin-inspired patterns for frictional anisotropic behaviour of split set rock bolts
Authors: Vangla P. , Wala B. A. , Gayathri V. L. , Frost J. D.
Published: March 2022

The study explores the effect of directionally dependent frictional resistances (frictional anisotropy) inspired by snakeskin patterns, on the behaviour of split set rock bolts. The patterns of the ventral scales of a snake are selected, and different models of patterns are developed by varying the scale angle. Split set rock bolts with these patterns are designed, and three-dimensional (3D)-printed using polylactic acid material. The 3D-printed split sets are tested for insertion and pull-out loads in cylindrical blocks made of plaster of Paris, using a modified universal testing machine. The results of the tests show that insertion and pull-out loads exhibit bilinear relationships with various scale angles (10°, 13°, 16° and 19°). The different scale angles induce different levels of wearing in the surrounding rock simulant during the insertion and pull-out, with a minimum at 16° and maximum at 10°. All the snakeskin-inspired patterns show significant frictional anisotropy. The study opens up possibilities for further research of snakeskin-inspired frictional anisotropy enhancement of split sets.
ANALYSIS OF FUEL TEMPERATURE REACTIVITY COEFFICIENT OF THE PWR USING WIMS CODE
Authors: Rajagukguk Santo Paulus , Bahkri Syaiful , Surbakti Tukiran
Published: March 2022

The Fuel Temperature Reactivity Coefficient (FTRC) is an important parameter in design, control, and safety, particularly in PWR reactor. It is then very important to validate any new library for an accurate prediction of this parameter. The objective of this work is to determine the value of the FTRC parameter using the new WIMDS library based on ENDF/BVIII.0 nuclear data files. For this purpose, it is used a set of light water moderated lattice experiments as the PWR-1175 MWe experiment critical reactors, the reactor using UO2 fuel pellet. The analysis is used with WIMSD-5B lattice code with original cross-section libraries and WIMSD-5B with ENDF/B-VIII.0 new cross-section libraries. The results showed that the fuel temperatures reactivity coefficients for the PWR reactor using original libraries is – 3.10 pcm/K with enrichment of 3.1% but for ENDF/B-VlII.0 libraries is – 3.00 pcm/K. Compared to the experimental data of the reactor core, the difference is in the range of 6.9 % for ENDF/B-VIII.0 libraries. It can be concluded that for the reactor, it is better to use ENDF/B-VIII.0 libraries because the original library is not accurate anymore.
DOSE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF PROTON THERAPY FOR MEDULLOBLASTOMA CANCER WITH PHITS 3.24
Authors: Dwi Fianto Moh. Miftakhul , Sardjono Yohannes , Harto Andang Widi , Triatmoko Isman Mulyadi , Wijaya Gede Sutresna , Kasesaz Yaser
Published: March 2022

One of the developments in particle therapy is proton radiation therapy. Meanwhile, a limited number of available proton therapy facilities makes research related to proton therapy difficult. Therefore, there is a need for alternative proton therapy simulations using programs other than those in proton therapy facilities. This research was aimed to simulate medulloblastoma brain cancer which children often experience.The program used in this research was PHITS version 3.24. The human body was modeled with the revised ORNL-MIRD phantom for a 10-year-old child. The therapy scheme was a whole posterior fossa boost of 19.8 Gy. The proton passive scattering was simulated by passing a uniform proton beam through the aperture and compensator with energy variations. The proton pencil beam scanning was simulated with small cylindrical beams with a radius of 0.5 cm, which were adjusted to the planning target volume with layers variations.The total duration to give the prescription dose was 550 seconds with passive scattering and 605 seconds with pencil beam scanning. In passive scattering, the OAR(s) with the most significant percentage of absorbed dose were the skin, cranium, and muscle, i.e., 8.22 ± 0.15 %, 5.51 ± 0.05 % and 1.39 ± 0,04 % respectively to their maximum tolerated dose, while in the pencil beam scanning, the OAR(s) with the most significant percentage of absorbed dose were the skin, cranium, and muscle, i.e., 5.42 ± 0.08 %, 4.43 ± 0.05 % and 0.51 ± 0.05 % respectively to their maximum tolerated dose. Dose distribution in passive scattering was relatively better than in pencil beam scanning in terms of dose homogeneity using dose sampling analysis at some points within the planning target volume.
MEASURED AND CALCULATED INTEGRAL REACTIVITY OF CONTROL RODS IN RSG-GAS FIRST CORE
Authors: Luthfi Wahid , Pinem Surian , Hartanto Donny , Suparlina Lily , Haryanto Dwi
Published: March 2022

The control rod worth is one of the important parameters for the operation of a nuclear reactor. Proper measurement and calculation of the control rod worth are essential for the safe reactor operation under normal and transient conditions that are initiated by a postulated event such as a stuck rod, control rods ejection, etc. This paper presents calculation results of integral reactivity of the RSG-GAS research reactor first core and its comparison with the experimental data. Calculations were performed using the continuous energy transport code Serpent 2 with ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data. Integral reactivity measurement was done by compensating method with control rod bank, regulating rod, and reactivity meter. Calculations are carried out for each method used in control rod measurement data with an aim to validate calculated results to experimental data. Compared with the measured experiment data, there are no significant differences in calculation results of integral reactivity. The maximum difference of the control rod's total reactivity is 1.26% compared to the measurement carried out by compensating method with regulating rod.
Društvene mreže kao komunikacijska platforma malih i obiteljskih hotela
Authors:   , Zavišić Senka
Published: March 2022

Social networks as a communication platform of small and family hotels. Social networks as a communication platform play a major role in achieving business success of modern companies, which is manifested in better connectivity and openness to customers, target advertising, finding business partners, developing new ideas and more. Regarding public relations, social networks are great platform for every company, state institution or non-governmental organization to communicate directly with its public. Social networks are especially important in the field of public relations because they improve communication, influence social change, and in society lead to the development of new dimensions of communication, especially when it comes to business communication. The aim of this paper is to determine exactly the manner and level of use of social networks as a communication platform for the small and family hotels in the Republic of Croatia and to present a theoretical model of communication strategy for social networks. The research used data on small and family hotels available through the website of the Ministry of Tourism (List of categorized tourist facilities in the Republic of Croatia 2018) and through the website of the National Association of Family and Small Hotels. A survey questionnaire method was used to collect data. The survey questionnaire was intended for people in charge of managing social networks in order to gain a complete insight into communication on social networks. Namely, the frequency of publishing content, the type of content, the use of available options and other parameters important for the communication strategy were examined. Research has shown that small and family hotels take advantage of many of the opportunities that social networks as a communication platform provide, but there is still a lack of rounded action and full use of potential due to the lack of a valid communication strategy. For this reason, based on the analysis of research results, a theoretical model of communication strategy for social networking is presented, which, along with specific guidelines, can contribute to the development of small and family hotels.
Impact of Physical Education on Peculiarities of Functional State of 18-22 Year Old Female Students’ Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
Authors: Chernenko Sergii , Muszkieta Radosław , Dolynniy Iuriy , Oliynyk Oleg , Honcharenko Oleg
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the age-related peculiarities of the functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of 1st-5th year female students of a higher education institution. Materials and methods. The study participants were 200 female students: 1st year (n = 44); 2nd year (n = 38); 3rd year (n = 42); 4th year (n = 44); 5th year (n = 32). To solve the tasks set, the following research methods were used: analysis of scientific-methodological and medical literature, pedagogical observation, index method, medical and biological methods, ascertaining experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics.  Results. The study found that at the age of 19 there is a significant deterioration in the results of breathhold in the Stange test (49 s) and the Genchi test (38 s) (P < 0.05). At the age of 21, there is a decrease in the Ruffier index (12.4 – “satisfactory”) and the average heart rate after exercise (f1 = 34.7), while there is a decrease in heart rate (f2 = 25.8) after a standard recovery pause (P < 0.05). This indicates that during this period, there occur the most successful compensatory processes of cardiovascular activity. At 21-22 (4th-5th years of study), there is an increase in heart rate before exercise (f0), and the Stange test result improves.  Conclusions. The results of comparative analysis show that with age the number of female students with a “satisfactory” result of the Ruffier index increases (59.4%), and a “good” heart result decreases (15.6%). At the age of 21, women have better heart rate, and at 22, they have better results in breath-holding under hypoxia.
Learners’ prevalent misconceptions about force and experiences of flipped classes
Authors: KİBİRİGE Israel , MAMASHELA Dina
Published: March 2022

Misconceptions challenge science learning. This study investigated Grade eleven learners’ prevalent misconceptions about force using Force Concept Inventory (FCI) and learners’ experiences of using flipped class. The sample comprised 190 learners for FCI and 14 learners for Focus Group Discussions (FGD). A quasi-experimental design using Experimental Group (EG), which was taught using Flipped classes and Control Group (CG) taught using Talk and Chalk method (TCM). Descriptive statistics, concentration analysis, t-test and thematic analysis were used to analyse data. Results show an 81.8% prevalence of misconceptions in seven categories. The most common patterns of misconceptions were Low and Low (LL) and Low and Medium (LM), while the least included Medium and Medium (MM). Two themes emerged from FGD: interesting learning about Isaac Newton's background and identifying their incoherent knowledge of the force. It suggests that using flipped classes minimised misconceptions and created interest in science for gifted and less gifted learners, which resulted in improved learners’ performance
Erken çocukluk döneminde doğa ve yaban hayatı eğitimi bakımından Türkiye ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin karşılaştırılması: Trabzon ili - Oregon Eyaleti örneği
Authors: SARI Alptuğ
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada yaban hayatı eğitimi ve yönetimi konularında dünyanın önde gelen ülkelerinden biri olan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’nin Oregon Eyaleti, Corvallisi ili ile Türkiye’yi temsilen Trabzon ilindeki okul öncesi eğitim sistemleri doğa ve yaban hayatı kavramları özelinde karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma yapılırken nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi tekniği, görüşme metodu ve gözlem tekniği kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, anaokulu eğitiminin on ayını Trabzon ilinde ve yedi ayını Corvallis’te geçirmiş bir öğrencideki değişiklikler de değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda, Oregon’da doğa ve yaban hayatı kavramları eğitim müfredatının önemli bir parçası iken, Türkiye’de bu oranın kısıtlı olduğu görülmüştür. Karşılaştırma yapılan her iki ülkenin okul öncesi öğrencilerinde doğa ve yaban hayatı farkındalıkları bakımından ciddi farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Oregon’da okul öncesi öğrencileri özellikle yakın çevrelerinde yayılış gösteren yaban hayvanı türlerini tanımakta zorluk çekmezken, Trabzon ilindeki öğrencilerde bu oran oldukça düşük olmuştur. Doğal kaynakların en az tahribatla gelecek nesillere aktarılması her bilinçli bireyin görevidir. Dünyada doğa ve yaban hayatı kaynaklarının sürdürülebilir kullanımında yetişmiş insan gücüne ihtiyaç her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu nedenle, tüm paydaşlar doğal kaynakların yönetiminde sorumluluklarını tam olarak yerine getirmeli ve yaban hayatı ile ilgili okul öncesi seviyesinden üniversite eğitimine kadar uygulamalı eğitimi mümkün olduğu kadar teşvik etmelidir.
The Attitudes of Students and Teachers, Future and Former Seafarers, Towards the Importance of Maritime English
Authors:   University of Dubrovnik, Hrnić Martina
Published: March 2022

Maritime English is an important factor in education of seafarers and acquisition of their highest powers and competencies. The aim of this research was to look into the attitudes of the students of Nautical Studies at the Maritime Departments of the University of Dubrovnik and the University of Zadar towards the importance of Maritime English with regard to their education and future profession. The study also included teachers at MET institutions in Dubrovnik, Zadar, Rijeka and Kotor. Two online questionnaires were created in Google forms and distributed during March/April 2021. The data were analysed by means of Fisher’s Exact Test and Spearman’s correlation. Both students and teachers set forth a positive attitude towards the importance of being fluent in English.
Yetişkin bireylerde metabolik sendromun belirlenmesinde obeziteyle ilişkili geleneksel ve yeni indekslerin karşılaştırılması
Authors: KARAHAN YILMAZ Sevil , ÖZÇİÇEK Fatih , MERTOĞLU Cuma
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Yetişkin bireylerde metabolik sendromun belirlenmesinde obeziteyle ilişkili geleneksel ve yeni indekslerin değerlendirilmesi ve hangi belirtecin daha iyi öngördürücü olduğunu belirleme amacı ile planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 18-65 yaş arası toplam 419 yetişkin birey dahil edildi. Vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, bel ve kalça çevresi ile kan basıncı ölçüldü; açlık kan şekeri, total kolesterol, trigliserit, düşük dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol ve yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol değerleri analiz edildi. Metabolik sendrom (MetS) Uluslararası Diabet Federasyonu kriterleri kullanılarak tanımlanmıştır. Obeziteyle ilişkili 23 indeksin değeri hesaplandı.

Bulgular: Metabolik sendrom prevalansı % 58,7 (erkek % 41,2; kadın % 67,7)’dir. Trigliserit-glikoz (TyG) indeksi hem erkeklerde (eğri altında kalan alan (AUC)= 0,894, kesme değeri = 9,3) hemde kadınlar da (AUC = 0,901, kesme değeri = 8,3) en büyük AUC'ye sahiptir. Erkeklerde lipit birikim ürünü (LAP), MetS için ikinci en yüksek belirlemeye sahip iken (AUC = 0,880, kesme değeri = 51,1), ardından TyG-bel/kalça (AUC = 0,876, kesme değeri = 3,7) gelmektedir. Kadınlarda kardiyometabolik indeks (CMI) (AUC = 0,872, kesme değeri = 1,3) ve viseral adipozite indeksi (VAI) (AUC = 0,868, kesme değeri = 4,1) sırasıyla ikinci ve üçüncü en büyük AUC'lere sahiptir.

Sonuç: TyG indeksi MetS belirlemede en iyi öngördürüdür. Bel çevresi kullanışlılığı ve uygun maliyetiyle büyük ölçekli epidemiyolojik çalışmalarda alternatif bir indeks olabilir.
Prediction of mortality with Charlson Comorbidity Index in super-elderly patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: DAŞ Murat , BARDAKCI Okan , AKDUR Gökhan , KANKAYA İmran , BAKAR Coşkun , AKDUR Okhan , BEYAZIT Yavuz
Published: March 2022

Purpose: In most countries, there is an ever-increasing admission rate of the elderly population into emergency departments (EDs). In particular, these elderly patients diﬀer from younger patients because they have multiple comorbidities that affect the functionality and quality of life. The goal of this study is to reveal whether the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) foresee the short- and long-term prognosis of the super-elderly patient population.

Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive, retrospective analysis of emergency department (ED) admissions by patients over 85 years of age and admitted to the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University (COMU) Hospital between 2013 and 2018. The demographic data of the patients were analyzed according to CCI. Cox-regression analyses were conducted to determine whether the variables affected mortality.

Results: A total of 1142 patients aged 85 and older (507 men, 635 women) with a mean age of 86.96±2.49 were included in the study. According to the multivariable Cox regression analysis male gender, CCI ≥6 and ICU admission were significantly associated with increased mortality rates

Conclusion: The CCI predicts short and long-term prognosis in acutely ill, hospitalized super-elderly patients. The CCI could be used to select super-elderly patients at admission as an indicator of improvement at hospital discharge.
Evaluation of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: GONUL ONER Ozge , TOTUK Ozlem , GUNGOR DOGAN İpek , CELİK Didem , DEMİR Serkan
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the neurophyschiatric symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) such as apathy and pseudobulbar affect and their correlation with other concomitant factors.

Materials and Methods: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), Fatigue severity scale (FSS), Center for Neurologic Study-Lability Scale (CNS-LS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) are applied to 258 MS patients. Correlation and regression analysis are conducted between scales and other possible causers.

Results: 53.6% of the patients have psuedobulbar affect, 76.2% of patient population have fatigue. Pseudobulbar affect had positive correlation with fatigue and also depression while apathy negatively correlate with pseudobulbar affect or fatigue. Additionally, apathy and depression correlated negatively. There was no relation between cognition and depression and/or disease duration and/or other scales’ scores.

Conclusion: Pseudobulbar affect and apathy are quite common symptoms in MS patients, that are cross-cutting issues. Also, apathy may be an independent neuropyschiatric symptom of MS that need to be approached separately.
Relationship between growth hormone levels and ovarian reserves
Authors: DUZOK Nergis , ASLAN Kiper , KOSAN Bahadir , KASAPOĞLU Işıl , UNCU Gürkan
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum anti mullerian hormone levels and serum growth hormone levels in patients with diminished ovarian reserve and unexplained infertility who are planned for in vitro fertilization.

Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study includes 154 women and comprises three study groups which include infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve (Group I), women with unexplained infertility (Group II) and healthy women (Group III) as control group. Prospectively recorded patient data comprehended age, body mass index (BMI), antral follicle count (AFC), gravidity and parity, education, occupation, smoking and alcohol use, and laboratory results (Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), Growth Hormone (GH), Follicle-Stimulating hormone, Luteinizing Hormone and Estradiol).

Results: The study population consisted of 154 subjects, 52 in Group-I, 52 in Group-II, and 50 in Group-III. The mean women age was higher in DOR group than the other two groups (Respectively with quartiles; 35.5(25-40), 29.5(20-38), 33(19-39)). The other demographic parameters were similar between the groups. Median serum AMH levels was lower in DOR group. Growth hormone levels were similar between the groups..

Conclusion: Our results show that growth hormone has no relationship between ovarian reserve markers. Although lack of relation with ovarian reserve, it’s widely known that GH plays major role in granulosa cell function.
Predictive values of lamina cribrosa depth and ganglion cell complex thickness in early diagnosis of glaucoma
Authors: BARMAN KAKİL Şule , ERDEM Elif , HARBİYELİ İbrahim İnan , YAĞMUR Meltem
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Evaluation of ganglion cell complex measurement and the use of parameters of lamina cribrosa depth in early diagnosis and progression of patients with suspected glaucoma.

Materials and Methods: Measurements were taken with Heidelberg Spectralis Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography from patients in both groups. Ganglion cell complex thicknesses measured with segmentation analysis. Lamina cribrosa depths were measured by using optic nerve head images of the glaucoma suspected group and the control group.

Results: Thirty-one glaucoma suspect patients and 42 healthy individuals were included in the study. The thickness of the ganglion cell layer was 11.46  in the glaucoma suspect group, and it was 12.19  in the control group. Mean lamina cribrosa depth was 579.3  in the glaucoma suspected group and 399.62  in the control group.

Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography helps ophthalmologists for the diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma patients, and non-invasively measured ganglion cell layer and lamina cribrosa depth may be a guide for early diagnosis. In this study, lamina cribrosa depth difference is more significant in the glaucoma suspect group so this parameter can be used in early diagnosis.
Prostat kanseri modelinde metformin ve matriks metalloproteinaz ilişkisine doğrudan bir köprü: oksidatif stress
Authors: KÖROĞLU Pınar
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, prostat kanseri modelinde metforminin etkisinin yanı sıra Matriks metalloproteinaz2 (MMP2) ve oksidatif stres parametrelerinin olası rolünü belirlemekti.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Erkek Copenhagen sıçanları üç gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubu, kanser grubu, kanser+metformin (CM) grubu. Prostat kanseri, 2x104 Mat-LyLu hücrelerinin subkutan enjeksiyonu ile oluşturuldu. Metformin tedavisi, Mat- Lylu hücrelerinin ardından gavaj yoluyla günlük olarak uygulandı. Mat-LyLu hücre enjeksiyonunu takiben 14. günde deney sonlandırıldı.. Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) yöntemi kullanılarak serum glutatyon (GSH), prostat spesifik antijen (PSA) ve malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyleri belirlendi. Ayrıca serum matriks metalloproteinaz 2 (MMP) 2 aktiviteleri ELISA aracılığıyla belirlendi.

Bulgular: GSH, CM grubunda kanser grubuna göre önemli ölçüde arttı. PSA, MDA ve MMP2, CM grubunda kanser grubuna göre anlamlı derecede düşüktü. Oksidatif stres parametreleri kanser grubunda anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Metformin GSH, PSA, MDA ve MMP2 gibi parametrelerdeki kanser etkisini tersine döndürdü.

Sonuç: Prostat kanser modelinin MMP ve oksidatif stres parametreleri üzerine zararlı bir etkiye neden olduğunu ve metformin uygulamasının da kanserin neden olduğu değişiklikleri iyileştirdiği saptandı. Metforminin etki mekanizmasını prostat kanseri kaynaklı serbest radikal ürünlerini inhibe ettiği ve antioksidan kapasiteyi değiştirerek gösterdiği belirlendi. Metformin, terapötik kanser tedavi sürecindeki potansiyel bir anti kanser ilacı olmaya adaydır.
Effects of acute topiramate administration on post-traumatic stress disorder in rats
Authors: JAFAROVA DEMİRKAPU Mahluga , DOĞAN Furkan Cuma , KARABAG Sevil , YİLMAZ Ahsen , ÇELİKKOL Aliye , YANANLI Hasan Raci
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute systemic topiramate administration on anxiety index and freezing time, plasma estrogen and progesterone levels, and salivary gland immunoglobulin A in a post-traumatic stress disorder rat model.

Materials and Methods: A total of eighteen female Wistar rats used in the study were exposed to predatory odor stress. One week later, saline was administered to the control group and 15 µM and 30 µM topiramate to the treatment groups, after which the animals were exposed to the trauma reminder and their behavior was monitored in the elevated plus maze. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken, animals were sacrificed, salivary glands were removed immediately after.

Results: Topiramate suppressed anxiety index and freezing time in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder at both 15 µM and 30 µM doses compared to the control group. A positive correlation was observed between plasma estrogen level and anxiety index in the control group, and topiramate suppressed this correlation in a dose-dependent manner. Topiramate did not change the plasma progesterone level, but suppressed the salivary gland immunoglobulin A level at the low dose.

Conclusion: These findings obtained in our study indicate that topiramate may be effective in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Evaluation of the factors affecting newborn weight
Authors: VURALLI Duygu , SUCU Mete , TOTİK DOĞAN Nazlı
Published: March 2022

Purpose: There is a trend that causes an increase in newborn weights and macrosomy rates in many countries around the world. The aim of our study is to compare the mean newborn weights in 2012 and 2016, to investigate whether there is a tendency to increase in the mean newborn weight and macrosomia rates, and to evaluate the effects of neonatal gender, mode of birth, maternal age and the season of birth on newborn weight.
Materials and Methods: The data of a total of 1573 newborns 2012 (n:687) and 2016 (n=886) between 37-40 weeks of gestation were evaluated retrospectively. The data of the newborns' birth weight, gender, gestationel age, maternal age, mode of birth and season of birth were evaluated statistically.
Results: It was found that there was an increase in the rate of macrosomia (birth weight ≥4000 g) from 4.9% in 2012 to 8.1% in 2016. There is a weak positive correlation between maternal age and newborn weight for both years. There was a significant increase in terms of birth weight between babies delivered by cesarean section and babies delivered by normal route 2016. It was observed that the season of birth had no effect on birth weight.
Conclusion: There was an increase macrosomia rates in 2016. It was observed that maternal age and neonatal gender affected the weight of the newborn, but the seasons have no effect on neonatal weight. Maternal age, sex of newborn and gestational age were considered as independent risk factors for macrosomia.
Evaluation of esophageal motor functions in patients diagnosed with primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: GÖKBULUT Volkan , ÖZTÜRK Ömer , AKDOĞAN KAYHAN Meral , KAPLAN Mustafa , KACAR Sabite , SÜMER Hale , GÖKBULUT Püren , ARI Derya , TURAN GÖKÇE Dilara
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between autoimmune liver diseases and esophageal motor disorders (EMD).

Materials and Methods: 63 patients diagnosed with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and followed up in our hospital were included in the study. The control group consisted of 33 patients. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, esophageal motility study and pH meter tests were performed on all participants.

Results: Of the 63 patients included in the study 49.2% of the patients, EMD was detected while 31.7% of them had pathology in the pH meter. The rates of EMD of patients with PBC, PSC and AIH were 50%, 63.6%, and 42.9%, respectively while the pathology rates of the pH meter were found as 25%, 54.5%, and 28.6%, respectively. Statistically significant difference was found between autoimmune liver disease and control group in terms of esophageal motor diseases. As a result of manometric examination, median lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure was significantly lower in autoimmune liver patients compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Our study presents that EMD is common in patients with PBC, PSC, and AIH, and that the presence of cirrhosis has no impact on the development of EMD.
Diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted MRI and conventional MRI in the differentiation of benign and malignant orbital lesions
Authors: OZTURK Mesut , TANRIVERMİŞ SAYIT Aslı , ÇELENK Cetin , YETER Volkan
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the differentiation of benign and malignant orbital lesions.

Materials and Methods: 43 patients (27 women and 16 men; mean age: 26.3±28.5) with orbital lesions were assessed with conventional MRI and DWI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the lesions was measured, and maximum ADC (ADCmax), mean ADC (ADCmean), minimum ADC (ADCmin), the ratio of ADCmean to cerebral white matter ADC (ADCmeanratio), and the ratio of ADCmin to cerebral white matter ADC (ADCminratio) were calculated. T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging features and contrast enhancement patterns were determined. The diagnostic performances of ADC variables and conventional MRI features for the differentiation of benign and malignant orbital lesions were assessed.

Results: ADCmean, ADCmin, ADCmeanratio, and ADCminratio of the malignant lesions were significantly lower than those of the benign ones . ADCmeanratio had the highest diagnostic performance with a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 70.4% at a threshold of 1.27. Selecting a cut-off ADCmean of 0.97 × 10-3 mm2/s for differentiating benign and malignant lesions revealed 75% sensitivity and 74% specificity. Conventional MRI features were not associated with the malignant diagnosis).

Conclusion: ADC values obtained from DWI contribute to the differentiation of benign and malignant orbital lesions.
Pediatric urinary stone disease: experience from a Turkish tertiary referral center
Authors: SÜRMELİ DÖVEN Serra , DANACI VATANSEVER Esra , İSBİR Caner , NAYCI Ali , DELİBAŞ Ali
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The incidence of pediatric nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis (NL/UL) has increased in the last few decades due to dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle. This study aimed to determine the etiological factors and six months of follow-up results of patients with NL/UL in pediatric nephrology and urology clinics in our center.

Materials and Methods: Children with NL/UL between December 2018 and December 2020 were enrolled in this study. The medical records were reviewed to collect data about admission complaints, consanguinity, metabolic risk factors for NL/UL, medical treatments, surgical interventions, and presence of stones after 6 months of follow-up.

Results: A total of 93 patients (46 male and 47 female) were included in the study. Consanguinity and a positive family history for stones was present in 46.2% and 78.5% of patients, respectively. The urinary metabolic risk factors were hyperuricosuria (11/83, 13.3%), hypercalciuria (12/93, 12.9%), hyperoxaluria (6/51, 11.8%), cystinuria (7/90, 7.8%), and hypocitraturia (2/41, 4.9%). Twenty patients (29.9%) with NL/UL and without cystinuria received potassium citrate therapy. After 6 months of follow-up (n = 27) of these patients, stone progression was not observed in any of the patients who received potassium citrate treatment (n=11) or underwent surgical intervention (n=10).

Conclusions: Most patients had a family history of stones. Hyperuricosuria was the most common urinary risk factor for NL/UL. Potassium citrate therapy might be useful to prevent stone progression in patients with NL/UL.
OBSERVACIONES SOBRE LA ANIDACIÓN DEL GAVILÁN COLICORTO Buteo brachyurus brachyurus (ACCIPITRIDAE) EN EL CANTÓN PIÑAS, PROVINCIA DE EL ORO, SUROCCIDENTE DE ECUADOR
Authors: Granda-Loayza Bryan , Sanchez Nivicela Manuel Vicente
Published: March 2022

Presentamos algunos apuntes del proceso de anidación, desarrollo del polluelo y plumaje del juvenil (menor a un año) de Gavilán Colicorto Buteo brachyurus brachyurus en una pequeña plantación de Eucalyptus sp., en las laderas periurbanas orientales del centro urbano de Piñas, provincia de El Oro, suroeste de Ecuador. Las observaciones fueron hechas en diciembre 2019, marzo 2020 y enero-febrero 2021. Reportamos el uso de un huicundo (Tillandsia sp.; Bromeliaceae) como sustrato para la construcción del nido, y reportamos ciertos tipos de presas para la alimentación del polluelo. A pesar de ser una especie de distribución amplia, este es el primer reporte de aspectos de reproducción de este gavilán en Ecuador.
ANIDACIÓN DEL COLACINTILLO COLIVERDE Lesbia nuna (APODIFORMES: TROCHILIDAE) EN AZUAY, ECUADOR
Authors: Molina Abril Paul , Alarcón Ibeth , Curillo Luis , Carrasco Agustín
Published: March 2022

El conocimiento sobre la biología reproductiva del colibrí Colacintillo Coliverde Lesbia nuna es limitado. En este artículo presentamos nueva información sobre la biología reproductiva de esta especie mediante el seguimiento de sietenidos encontrados en tres localidades en Azuay, Ecuador. La mayoría de los nidos fueron construidos en árboles de Cupressus sp. Observamos un tamaño de puesta de dos huevos por nido y el periodo de incubación en un nido fue de 19 días.Luego de la eclosión, seguimos el crecimiento de los polluelos hasta el día 25, en un nido. Además, reportamos un caso de depredación de los huevos de un nido por el Mirlo Grande Turdus fuscater. Describimos por primera vez el periodo de incubación, los huevos, forma y composición del nido y el desarrollo de los polluelos de L. nuna.
NOTAS SOBRE LA ARQUITECTURA DEL NIDO, PICHONES Y DESCRIPCIÓN ACÚSTICA DEL LLAMADO DEL GALLINAZO NEGRO Coragyps atratus (CATHARTIDAE) EN EL ESTE Y OESTE DE LOS ANDES DE ECUADOR
Authors: Varela Santiago , Dueñas Manuel R.
Published: March 2022

En este reporte presentamos la descripción de dos nidos con diferentes estadíos de los pichones del Gallinazo Negro Coragyps atratus a cada lado de los Andes. Mostramos el comportamiento defensivo de las crías ante la presencia humana. Finalmente, realizamos un análisis bioacústico y representación gráfica del llamado obtenido a partir de dos pichones de la especie al oeste de los Andes. En general, nuestras observaciones respaldan los reportes previos sobre la biología estacional de C. atratus en Sudamérica.
Republican Politics and Rainbow Wigs: George H. W. Bush, The Simpsons, and the Culture Wars of the 1990s
Authors: Griffis Chelsea
Published: March 2022

This essay analyzes a feud between George H. W. Bush and The Simpsons as a way to explore the growing culture wars of the 1980s and 1990s. I argue that Bush challenged the family values portrayed in The Simpsons as a way to boost his conservative credentials during his presidential re‐election campaign in 1992. Bush attacked the then‐controversial show to prove himself a culture warrior and The Simpsons team rebutted with the episode “Two Bad Neighbors”. I use this feud to showcase changes within US conservatism as well as the idea of “family values.”

Chelsea Griffis is an Associate Lecturer in History at the University of Toledo in Ohio. She focuses on the histories of women and conservatism in the twentieth‐century United States. Her work has previously been published in Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies.
“The future thanks you for your service”: HBO's Watchmen as Instructive Discourse
Authors: O'Malley Emily , Reich Paul D.
Published: March 2022

HBO's Watchmen carefully crafts a speculative United States that serves as a funhouse mirror in which Americans see themselves: distorted, ugly, but reflected all the same. Its careful interplay of plot, thematic, and cinematographic elements capture its subject issues—racism, race‐based violence, and systems of power—with nuance and complexity. Black characters present viewers with multiple models of justice, while White characters demonstrate models of injustice. However, the series moves beyond an oversimplified oppressor‐oppressed binary structure to interrogate more broadly who has power and privilege, and how they use that power and privilege to either help or harm. Watchmen breaks apart the history constructed by White Americans, peeling off the layers of nostalgia rhetoric to expose White viewers to the tragic, brutal reality of racism in the United States—and to their own culpability, even if they consider themselves liberal‐minded. For Black viewers, however, Watchmen presents the narrative they have known their whole lives but have rarely, if ever, seen represented on the screen before. The series models the strategy of simultaneously deprivileging White Americans' nostalgia and prioritizing an empathetic understanding of Black Americans' traumatic history to present viewers with the nation's ugly reflection; in the act of critically viewing the series, then, moving toward new conceptions of justice and progress is possible. When used this way, television becomes a tool for an alternative education in the face of systemic efforts to suppress history.
Effect of Socio-Economic on Farmers' Decisions in Using Lowland Rice Production Inputs in Indonesia
Authors: Effendy  , Antara Made , Muhardi  , Pellokila Marthen Robinson , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo
Published: March 2022

In Indonesia, rice was produced by small-scale farmers where yields were still generally low. This was because small-scale farmers still used poor quality seeds and unbalanced fertilizers. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the socio-economic factors that affected the adoption of quality seeds in lowland rice farming and the use of fertilizers on quality seeds. This research used a double-hurdle model to answer the objectives of research and used 329 farmings which were selected randomly in Central Sulawesi Indonesia. The results show that the gender variable only affected the use of fertilizer on quality seeds. Education, access to credit, sources of income (income diversification), access to extension, meetings with farmer groups were found to be positively correlated with the decision to adopt quality seeds in lowland rice farming and use of fertilizers to quality seeds, while the number of dependents of the household head was negatively correlated. The land area of lowland rice was positively correlated with the adoption of quality seeds in lowland rice farming but negatively correlated with the number of fertilizers used for quality seeds. Based on these findings, the role of extension workers and farmer groups was needed in disseminating quality seeds, and through credit institutions, it was necessary to provide credit facilities to rice producers (farmers) so that rice productivity could be increased.
Poderosas amigas da mama: o uso do aplicativo whatsapp como ferramenta para o enfrentamento do câncer de mama
Authors: Santana Clarice Silva de , Souza Claudia Teresa Vieira de , Barbosa-Lima Maria da Conceição de Almeida
Published: March 2022

O presente trabalho traz o relato de experiência do uso do aplicativo WhatsApp, como espaço para mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama formarem um grupo de apoio. Este grupo é intitulado “Poderosas Amigas da Mama” e surge do convívio de mulheres em reabilitação após mastectomia em um município da baixada fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Com abordagem qualitativa, este estudo tem como objetivo investigar sobre a contribuição do aplicativo como uma nova ferramenta de pacientes pós-câncer de mama para o enfrentamento da doença através da troca de experiência, apoio social e fortalecimento de vínculos. A análise dos dados ocorre por meio do registro da observação participante na construção do grupo do WhatsApp e da leitura atenta das conversas que nele ocorreram. Para favorecer a reflexão sobre a importância da palavra e do outro num grupo de apoio, utilizou-se alguns conceitos de Bakhtin visto que para ele o ser humano é considerado um intertexto, na medida em que não existe isoladamente, mas se tece com a experiência do outro.
Usage of E-resources in Libraries of Selected Health and Family Welfare Institutes in India: a case study
Authors:   National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Chand S.
Published: March 2022

Health sector is the largest discipline in the world and relates to all human beings. Hundreds of inventions and research are being carried out by the national and international organizations and scholars on minor to major areas of health sciences for well-being. Several estimates have pointed out that around 30,000 journals are published every year and more than 1000 articles are published per day worldwide in printed and electronic formats. Digital technology has enabled accessibility to the resources to be easy, speedy, and comfortable on 24×7 basis. This article discusses a study pertaining to the satisfaction level about the selected e-resources available in open domain and subscribed e-resources used by the users in the libraries of selected health and family welfare institutions in India.
Analysing the effects of Covid-19 on homelessness in Spain during the first quarantine
Authors: Budian Raluca Cosmina , Sarkute Ligita
Published: March 2022

This study aims to reflect the difficulties encountered by homeless people and homelessness in general, in the face of the crisis due to Covid-19, focusing on the situation in Spain. The paper describes the different responses carried out by different entities, both Spanish and international when dealing with homeless people. The study explains how the global solution of accommodation in different reception centres or hostels for homeless people, is not a solution that protects this group, but quite the opposite. To this end, we are committed to a model that has been in full development since the 1990s, the Housing First model as well. In conclusion, we focus on the importance of institutional coordination when offering a response to homelessness, regardless of the area where we are, with special attention to the Housing First model as a measure to be considered in the long term.
 
Keywords: Covid-19; homeless people; homelessness; housing; shelters.
Recent Review of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage–Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants
Authors: Langley Emily A. , Blake Stephanie M. , Coe Kristi L.
Published: March 2022

Germinal matrix hemorrhage–intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH–IVH) is a particular type of intracranial hemorrhage that affects the preterm population. GMH–IVH originates from bleeding within the highly vascular area near the center of the brain known as the germinal matrix. The pathogenesis of GMH–IVH is unclear; it is likely related to hemodynamic changes and fluctuations in cerebral blood flow within a fragile developing brain. Cranial ultrasound is the primary diagnostic test and reveals the degree of GMH–IVH based on a grading system. Management includes prevention of preterm delivery with meticulous antenatal and postnatal preventative strategies. This article discusses current evidence specific to the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, grading scales, and management approaches with GMH–IVH in preterm infants.