bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Qué es lo auténticamente Neoliberal y qué es transversal?
Authors: Rodriguez Jorge
Published: October 2019

Neoliberalismo es una teoría de prácticas política-económica que afirma que el ser humano puede avanzar más mediante la liberación del espíritu empresarial y de los talentos en un ambiente institucional caracterizado por sólidos derechos de propiedad, mercados libres, y libre comercio. El rol del Estado es crear y preservar un marco institucional apropiado para garantizar esas prácticas. El Estado debe garantizar, por ejemplo, la calidad e integridad de la moneda. También, debe asegurar las instituciones de defensa, militares y policiales, estructuras legales y funciones requeridas para asegurar los derechos de propiedad y garantizar, por la fuerza si es necesario, el apropiado funcionamiento del mercado. Además, si el mercado no existiera (en áreas como la tierra, agua, educación, salud, seguridad social, o medio ambiental), entonces debe ser creado, mediante acción estatal si fuera necesario. Pero más allá de estas tareas el Estado no debería aventurarse. La intervención del Estado en el mercado (una vez creado), debe mantenerse al mínimo porque, de acuerdo con la teoría, el Estado posiblemente carece de suficiente información para dar señales de mercado de segundo orden (precios), y porque intereses económicos de grupos poderosos inevitablemente distorsionarán y sesgarán la intervención estatal para su propio beneficio (particularmente en democracias).
Psicanálise e educação escolar: ressonâncias de Sándor Ferenczi para uma pedagogia do cuidado
Authors: Almeida Alexandre Patricio de , Naffah Neto Alfredo
Published: October 2019

Pretende-se, neste artigo, explorar a possibilidade de propor uma ação educativa, respaldada na ética do cuidado, orientada pelas contribuições da teoria psicanalítica de Sándor Ferenczi. Para tanto, os autores iniciam o texto com uma breve discussão sobre a atual situação da educação escolar, apontando a necessidade de se atentar à dimensão do afeto e das emoções dentro do campo pedagógico. Em seguida, sustenta-se a discussão pela apresentação de alguns aspectos centrais do pensamento ferencziano. Por fim, postula-se, por meio deste diálogo entre psicanálise e pedagogia, construir uma conduta de ensino apoiada na empatia, na criatividade, na liberdade de expressão dos alunos e na autorreflexão dos professores.
Automutilações na adolescência e suas narrativas em contexto escolar
Authors: Lopes Lorena Da Silva , Teixeira Leônia Cavalcante
Published: October 2019

O artigo tem por objetivo discutir a automutilação e suas narrativas por adolescentes em contexto escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa que envolve a psicanálise e o campo da educação, como um trabalho possível da clínica institucional. A partir de estudos de casos de uma escola privada em Fortaleza, são discutidos os seguintes aspectos: autolesão e os efeitos na escola, conflitos socio-familiares e processo de subjetivação adolescente. Conclui-se que a partir de uma escuta qualificada na escola é possível dar voz aos adolescentes para que possam produzir um saber sobre si, e ao seu modo sustentar seu mal estar.
Entre ter uma deficiência e ser deficiente: um estudo sobre as identificações
Authors: Silva Diego Rodrigues , Herzberg Eliana
Published: October 2019

Diversos trabalhos consideram que pessoas com deficiência física possuem sentimentos de inadequação, inferioridade e baixa autoestima. Parte-se da narrativa de Sunaura Taylor para localizar a questão no paradigma ver/ser visto para problematizar o tema. Assim, tem-se por objetivo discutir os efeitos imaginários da identificação nestes casos. De Freud à Lacan o conceito de narcisismo remete à formação do eu, bem como os processos de identificação a imagens e palavras advindas do Outro. Das imagens e sentidos atribuídos à deficiência pelo social encontram-se descritos na literatura as concepções de estranho e incapaz, da deficiência como doença ou castigo e referências a seres fantástico. Deste modo, foi proposto que pessoas com deficiência possam assumir o lugar de “deficiente” e seus respectivos sentidos por meio da identificação. Concluiu-se que os sentimentos de inadequação perpassam a dimensão imaginária de se ver sendo visto como “deficiente”. Dada esta função de representação para o Outro e unificação do eu, tratam-se de momentos em que se deixa de ter uma deficiência para sê-la, enquanto uma forma que lhe dá sentido e o organiza, ainda que possa trazer sofrimento.
Autismo e inclusão no ensino regular: o olhar dos professores sobre esse processo
Authors: Ponce Joice Otávio , Abrão Jorge Luis Ferreira
Published: October 2019

A inclusão de crianças com autismo no Brasil tem se tornado uma realidade, demonstrando a efetividade das políticas de inclusão, de forma geral. No entanto, as especificidades do autismo colocam em relevo algumas idiossincrasias, sendo necessário um olhar mais apurado sobre o tema desenvolvido. Tendo em vista que a função do professor é essencial na estrutura e no funcionamento do sistema educacional, o presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender a visão destes sobre o processo inclusivo. Para que tal objetivo fosse alcançado, realizou-se entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com quatro professoras que, no momento da pesquisa, atuavam em classes regulares nas quais estão incluídas pelo menos uma criança com autismo. A partir dos relatos, foi possível constatar a necessidade de formação especializada, já que esta foi destacada como principal elemento gerador de angústia para as professoras. Mesmo com relatos de algumas dificuldades, pode-se perceber narrativas de boas experiências com relação à inclusão.
Acompanhamento para educadoras de bebês com deficiência em creche: relato de experiência
Authors: Bossi Tatiele Jacques , Piccinini Cesar Augusto
Published: October 2019

O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever o Programa de Acompanhamento para Educadoras de Creche em Contexto Inclusivo – PROAECI e apresentar detalhes de sua implementação. Relata-se a aplicação do PROAECI a 3 educadoras de berçário em que tinha um bebê (24 meses) com deficiência física incluído nesta turma. O programa teve por objetivo oferecer uma escuta sensível e reflexiva sobre a relação das educadoras com o bebê com deficiência, acolhendo seus sentimentos, demandas e dificuldades. O PROAECI foi realizado em seis encontros, aplicados com periodicidade semanal e de forma individual, com duração de 50 minutos. Cada encontro tinha um tema específico norteado por conceitos da teoria winnicottiana, referentes às tarefas da educadora (holding, manuseio e apresentação de objetos) e competências da educadora (previsibilidade, adaptação ao saber materno e diagnóstico pedagógico). Destaca-se o potencial do PROAECI, ao sensibilizar as educadoras para desenvolver uma atitude reflexiva, acolhedora, ativa e responsável com o bebê com deficiência.
Simulation-Based Mastery Learning Improves Patient and Caregiver Ventricular Assist Device Self-Care Skills
Authors: Barsuk Jeffrey H. , Wilcox Jane E. , Cohen Elaine R. , Harap Rebecca S. , Shanklin Kerry B. , Grady Kathleen L. , Kim Jane S. , Nonog Gretchen P. , Schulze Lauren E. , Jirak Alison M. , Wayne Diane B. , Cameron Kenzie A.
Published: October 2019

Background:

No recognized standards exist for teaching patients and their caregivers ventricular assist device (VAD) self-care skills. We compared the effectiveness of a VAD simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) self-care training curriculum with usual VAD self-care training.

Methods and Results:

VAD patients and their caregivers were randomized to SBML or usual training during their implant hospitalization. The SBML group completed a pretest on 3 VAD self-care skills (controller, power source, and dressing change), then viewed videos and participated in deliberate practice on a simulator. SBML participants took a posttest and were required to meet or exceed a minimum passing standard for each of the skills. The usual training group completed the existing institutional VAD self-care teaching protocol. Before hospital discharge, the SBML and usual training groups took the same 3 VAD self-care skills tests. We compared demographic and clinical information, self-confidence, total participant training time, and skills performance between groups. Forty participants completed the study in each group. There were no differences in demographic and clinical information, self-confidence, or training time between groups. More participants in the SBML group met the minimum passing standard compared with the usual training group for controller (37/40 [93%] versus 25/40 [63%];
P
=0.001), power source (36/40 [90%] versus 9/40 [23%];
P
<0.001), and dressing change skills (19/20 [95%] versus 0/20;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

SBML provided superior VAD self-care skills learning outcomes compared with usual training. This study has important implications for patients due to the morbidity and mortality associated with improper VAD self-care.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03073005.
Mendeley reader counts for US computer science conference papers and journal articles
Authors: Thelwall Mike
Published: October 2019

Although bibliometrics are normally applied to journal articles when used to support research evaluations, conference papers are at least as important in fast-moving computing-related fields. It is therefore important to assess the relative advantages of citations and altmetrics for computing conference papers to make an informed decision about which, if any, to use. This paper compares Scopus citations with Mendeley reader counts for conference papers and journal articles that were published between 1996 and 2018 in 11 computing fields and that had at least one US author. The data showed high correlations between Scopus citation counts and Mendeley reader counts in all fields and most years, but with few Mendeley readers for older conference papers and few Scopus citations for new conference papers and journal articles. The results therefore suggest that Mendeley reader counts have a substantial advantage over citation counts for recently published conference papers due to their greater speed, but are unsuitable for older conference papers.
The Abramtsevo Artistic Circle and the Search for a National Landscape
Authors: Hilton Alison
Published: October 2019

The strong national voice at Abramtsevo, based on a sense of harmony among native landscapes, religious and folk life, and estate culture was intrinsic to Slavic revival movements of the late nineteenth century. The estate and its surroundings were settings for Russian-themed paintings and inspired artists to seek and express a Russian “spirit of nature.” The search for a national landscape was connected with literary and intellectual culture fostered at Abramtsevo and neighboring estates, and with the presence of religious centers in the area. Local topography and collaboration among the Abramtsevo artists in the 1880s led to new ideas about a national landscape as artists ranged further afield in the next decade. Landscapes of mood and decorative works based on natural forms shifted the role of landscape from concrete subject to a source for formal experimentation.
Russia in Rome
Authors: Tonini Lucia
Published: October 2019

The presence of thirty-three Russian head-dresses, as well as other historical objects, in the collection of the American diplomat, George Wurts, and his wife, Henrietta Tower, is an uncommon example of collecting Russian folk objects abroad, and testifies to a universality of taste in international collecting during the late nineteenth century. The head-dress collection is part of a larger collection of around 4,000 pieces dating from antiquity to the early twentieth century, which was assembled at the Palazzo Antici Mattei and the Villa Sciarra in Rome between the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. Wurts and Tower had a particular interest in arts and crafts, which was enabled by Wurts’s career as a diplomat and secretary at the American mission in St. Petersburg for a period of ten years (1882-93).

This article describes the key characteristics of the Wurts-Tower collection of folk objects, the circumstances of its formation, and its relation to the tendencies of taste during that time. It also testifies to the transformation of the kokoshnik in the eyes of collectors and viewers from a popular costume to a fashion accessory that was linked to a past world.
Invisible Women
Authors: Hardiman Louise
Published: October 2019

Maria Vasilievna Iakunchikova designed three works of applied art and craft in a Neo-Russian style for the Russian section of the Paris “Exposition Universelle” of 1900—a wooden dresser, a toy village in carved wood, and a large embroidered panel. Yet, so far as the official record is concerned, Iakunchikova’s participation in the exhibition is occluded. Her name does not appear in the catalogue, for it was the producers, rather than the designers, who were credited for her works. Indeed, her presence might have been entirely unknown, were it not for several reports of the Russian display in the periodical press by her friend Netta Peacock, a British writer living in Paris. The invisibility of the designer in this instance was not a matter of gender, but it had consequences for women artists. In general, women were marginalized in the mainstream of the nineteenth-century Russian art world—whether at the Academy of Arts or in prominent groups such as the Peredvizhniki—and, as a result, enjoyed fewer opportunities at the Exposition. But the Neo-national movement, linked closely with the revival of applied art and the promotion of kustar industries, was one in which women’s art had space to flourish. And, in the so-called village russe at the Exposition, which featured a display of kustar art, by far the larger contribution was made by women, both as promoters and as artists. In this article, I examine Iakunchikova’s contribution to the Exposition within a broader context of female artistic activity, and the significance of the Russian kustar pavilion for a gendered history of nineteenth-century art.
Artists at Play
Authors: Winestein Anna
Published: October 2019

The exhibition of Russian folk art at the Paris “Salon d’Automne” of 1913 has been generally overlooked in scholarship on folk art, overshadowed by the “All-Russian Kustar Exhibitions” and the Moscow avant-garde gallery shows of the same year. This article examines the contributions of its curator, Natalia Erenburg, and the project’s instigator, Iakov Tugendkhold, who wrote the catalogue essay and headed the committee—both of whom were artists who became critics, historians, and collectors. The article elucidates the show’s rationale and selection of exhibits, the critical response to it and its legacy. It also discusses the artistic circles of Russian Paris in which the project originated, particularly the Académie russe. Finally, it examines the project in the context of earlier efforts to present Russian folk art in Paris, and shows how it—and Russian folk art as a source and object of collecting and display—brought together artists, collectors, and scholars from the ranks of the Mir iskusstva [World of Art] group, as well as the younger avant-gardists, and allowed them to engage Parisian and European audiences with their own ideas and artworks.
A Hero’s Life and Nietzschean Struggle in Richard Strauss’s Ein Heldenleben
Authors: Buranaprapuk Ampai
Published: October 2019

Nietzsche influenced Strauss throughout the composer’s mature career, from Also sprach Zarathustra, Op. 30 (1896), which shares the same name as the treatise by Nietzsche, to Eine Alpensinfonie, Op. 64 (1911–15), which initially bore the title Der Antichrist, after Nietzsche’s 1888 essay. Nietzsche, through Zarathustra, stresses the idea of the Übermensch, which proposes that the human occupies the stratum between the primal and the super-human. The Übermensch is not, however, the zenith for a man. The goal for man is rather his journey toward self-overcoming, his struggle within himself. In Ein Heldenleben (A Hero’s Life, 1898), Strauss incorporates Nietzschean concepts without any direct references to Nietzsche. The designation of a man as a hero, the battle as an obstacle with which one struggles, the alternation between peace and war and the cycle of recurrence in this tone poem all reflect Nietzsche’s ideas. This research considers the tone poem from a hermeneutical perspective and argues that Strauss’s hero in Ein Heldenleben embodies qualities encompassing the true Nietzschean hero.
Stronger Increase in the Frequency of Extreme Convective than Extreme Warm El Niño Events under Greenhouse Warming
Authors: Wang Guojian , Cai Wenju , Santoso Agus
Published: October 2019

Since 1979, three extreme El Niño events occurred, in 1982/83, 1997/98, and 2015/16, with pronounced impacts that disrupted global weather patterns, agriculture, fisheries, and ecosystems. Although all three episodes are referred to as strong equatorial eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events, the 2015/16 event is considered a mixed regime of both EP and central Pacific (CP) El Niño. During such extreme events, sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies peak over the EP region, hereafter referred to as an extreme warm El Niño (ExtWarmEN) event. Simultaneously, the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) moves southward to the usually dry and cold Niño-3 region, resulting in dramatic rainfall increases to more than 5 mm day−1 averaged over boreal winter, referred to as an extreme convective El Niño (ExtConEN) event. However, in climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that are able to simulate both types of events, ExtConEN events are found not to always coincide with ExtWarmEN events and the disassociation becomes more distinct under greenhouse warming when the increased frequency of ExtConEN events is notably larger than that of ExtWarmEN events. The disassociation highlights the role of eastward migration of western Pacific convection and equatorward shift of the South Pacific convergence zone associated with the faster warming over the EP region as a result of greenhouse warming.
Measuring User Experience With 3, 5, 7, or 11 Points
Authors: Lewis James R.
Published: October 2019

Objective

To assess versions of the shorter form variant of Usability Metric for User Experience (UMUX-LITE) questionnaire differing in the number of response options for the items (3, 5, 7, and 11).

Background

The UMUX-LITE is an efficient (two-item) standardized questionnaire that measures perceived usability. A growing body of evidence shows it closely corresponds to one of the most widely used standardized usability questionnaires, the System Usability Scale (SUS), with regard to both correlation and magnitude of concurrently collected means. Although the “standard” version of the UMUX-LITE uses items with seven response options, there is some variance in practice.

Method

Members of a corporate user experience panel ( n = 242) completed surveys rating a recent Web site experience with the SUS and UMUX-LITE, also providing ratings of overall experience and likelihood-to-recommend.

Results

Scale reliabilities were acceptable (coefficient α >.70) with the exception of UMUX-LITE with three response options. All UMUX-LITE correlations with SUS, overall experience, and likelihood-to-recommend were highly significant. For likelihood-to-recommend, there was a significant difference in the magnitude of correlations, with 11 response options higher than three. Although some statistically significant differences were observed in correspondence between SUS and UMUX-LITE scores, these did not seem to translate to practically significant differences.

Conclusion

The number of UMUX-LITE response options does not matter much, especially in practice. Because the version with three response options showed some weakness with regard to reliability and correlation with likelihood-to-recommend, practitioners should avoid it.

Application

Unless there is a strong reason to do otherwise, use the “standard” version with seven response options.
Changing but Fragile: Female Breadwinning and Family Stability in Nigeria
Authors: Akanle Olayinka , Nwaobiala Uzoamaka Rebecca
Published: October 2019

Even though the phenomenon of female family support may not be entirely new in Africa, breadwinning is the primary role of men in most African societies. However, as more women get education and enter paid employment, and some men lose jobs, traditional breadwinning roles are challenged and, sometimes, inverted as growing numbers of women become family breadwinners. Female breadwinning may not be without implications for family stability, however, as it confronts instituted normative gender order in patriarchal societies. While female breadwinners are increasingly common in industrialized societies, and literature exists on their trajectories in such contexts, more recent works are needed in Africa, particularly Nigeria. This article, therefore, examines the nexus of female breadwinning and family stability in Nigeria. This article is an important one on a growing phenomenon in Africa resulting from urbanization, industrialization and economic crises in certain regions of the continent. Guided by modernization and patriarchy theories, the study relied on qualitative method of data collection. Twenty in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted in contexts of female breadwinning families. Data were analysed and presented as interpretive narratives. An interesting relationship was found between female breadwinning and family stability in the setting. Generational influences and associated outcomes were also found and presented in this article.
Upselling by Default: The Effect of Default Options on Travelers’ Board and Lodging Choices
Authors: Steffen Angela , Weibel Christian , Stämpfli Aline E. , von Arx Widar
Published: October 2019

Pre-set options, referred to as default options, have been found to influence consumer choices in various settings. In this paper, we investigate the effect of default options on the chosen categories of board and lodging in travel packages. The results of two field experiments indicate that guests traveling as couples are more likely to book a superior room and additional meals if the high-grade option—instead of on the low-grade option—is set as the default. This effect is particularly strong for board choices. In contrast, solo travelers are not affected by high-grade defaults. Solo travelers show strong and stable preferences for high-grade board categories and low-grade room categories. These findings provide practical implications for how travel companies can benefit from default options to promote the sale of higher-graded—and thus higher-priced—travel packages.
Landscape Changes through History Following the Example of the Former Narrow-Gauge Railroad Belgrade (Čukarica–Obrenovac) Serbia
Authors: Valjarević Aleksandar , Živković Dragica , Božović Ružica , Tomanović Dušan , Krsmanović Sanja , Cvetković Vesna
Published: October 2019

The process of urbanistic changes in space and time is not a steady one, nor always the same, followed by dissipation and demolition of objects, and the construction of new ones does not necessarily stabilize the process of changes within space. The changes that took place on the former narrow-gauge railroad Belgrade–Obrenovac reflect the changes in historical, cultural, and urban processes as well. The strategic plan of the development of the city and the villages altered, as certain sections of the railroad were being shut down. The observance of a particular infrastructure is, at the same time, the base for monitoring the urban changes through time. Forty years later, the railroad was not the only thing that had ceased to function. Using qualitative and historical methods, this study is an attempt to give answers to multiple questions, some of them being the reasons for the deconstruction of the railroad.
Disturbance observer-based model prediction control with real-time modified reference for a piezo-actuated nanopositioning stage
Authors: Ming Min , Feng Zhao , Ling Jie , Xiao Xiaohui
Published: October 2019

Piezo-actuated micro-/nanopositioning systems have been widely employed in diverse high-precision positioning applications. However, the inherent hysteresis nonlinearity seriously deteriorates the tracking performance of piezo-actuated stages. This paper presents the design, analysis, and validation of a novel control scheme termed model prediction control (MPC) with real-time modified reference based on disturbance observer (DOB) to suppress the hysteresis nonlinearity and model uncertainty, in which the nonlinear effects are treated as an unknown disturbance to the system. In order to remove the most of the interference and diminish the effect of noise, a DOB is designed for the non-minimum phase (NMP) system. Then the difference between the actual displacement and the output of the nominal model termed the residual error is estimated and used to modify the reference in real time for a better performance. By the proposed method, the model of the inherent hysteresis is not required and the controller is established based on the identified nominal model. Its effectiveness is validated through experimental investigations on a commercial nanopositioner. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the tracking performance of the piezo-actuated stage, as compared with the traditional MPC and DOB-based MPC.
Building the Black Box: Cyberneticians and Complex Systems
Authors: Petrick Elizabeth R.
Published: October 2019

In the 1950s and 1960s, cyberneticians defined and utilized a concept previously described by electronic engineers: the black box. They were interested in how it might aid them, as both a metaphor and as a physical or mathematical model, in their analysis of complex human-machine systems. The black box evolved as they applied it in new ways, across a range of scientific fields, from an unnamed concept involving inputs and outputs, to digital representations of the human brain, to white boxes that might be used to replicate black boxes. The diversity of understandings of the black box reflected the diversity of scientific perspectives and goals brought under the label of cybernetics. In this paper, I examine how cyberneticians drew upon the black box in their personal writings and publications. My goal is to unpack what the black box meant to these theorists as a starting framework from which we may understand the initial shape of the black box.
A pile of drums: Putting theory into practice in culturally diverse music education
Authors: Walden Jennifer
Published: October 2019

This article provides music educators with practical ways to (a) build school community through culturally diverse music and informal performances and (b) inculcate global perspectives into music programs (including concert band and choir) through culturally diverse music. In an autoethnographic style, the article tells a story that spans 2 years in a challenging situation: an international school in a country wrought with political and economic instability. It examines community building and inculcating global awareness from four perspectives. The first perspective reviews engagement in cultural diversity in music education through the lens of recently completed PhD research. It looks what scholars are writing about culturally diverse music education and how these ideas subsequently look in practice. Second, 30 years of personal experience teaching culturally diverse music are tied in, including ideas for student engagement in music classes. The third perspective includes practical ideas: how culturally diverse music can be integrated to broaden a program and rejuvenate interest in music. Finally, the fourth reveals responses from students experiencing learning through culturally diverse music. Examples, transcriptions, and recommended resources are included, leaving music teachers with useful, sustainable approaches for culturally diverse inclusivity.
Intradialytic exercise with blood flow restriction is more effective than conventional exercise in improving walking endurance in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cardoso Rodrigo Kohn , Araujo Aline Machado , Del Vechio Fabrício Boscolo , Bohlke Maristela , Barcellos Franklin Correa , Oses Jean Pierre , de Freitas Matheus Pintanel , Rombaldi Airton José
Published: October 2019

Objective:

This study aims to compare the effect of intradialytic aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction, without blood flow restriction (conventional) and no exercise (control) on muscle strength and walking endurance among chronic kidney disease patients.

Design:

Open label and parallel group randomized controlled trial.

Subjects:

Adult patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis.

Intervention:

A 12-week intradialytic training with or without blood flow restriction compared with a control group.

Main measures:

Strength and walking endurance were measured using thoracolumbar dynamometry and a 6-minute walk test, respectively, before and after training.

Results:

A total of 66 patients were randomized into three groups: blood flow restriction group ( n = 22), conventional exercise group ( n = 22) and control group ( n = 22). There were seven dropouts, and 59 patients were included in the analysis. There was a significant increase in the 6-minute walking distance in the blood flow restriction group (from 412.7 (115.9) to 483.0 (131.0) m, P = 0.007) in comparison with the conventional exercise group (from 426.79 (115.00) to 433.2 (120.42) m, not significant) and the control group (from 428.4 (108.1) to 417.3 (100.2) m, not significant). The change in the walking distance over time was significantly different among groups (intervention group/time, P = 0.02). The simple effects test found a significant time effect only in the blood flow restriction group. There was no significant difference in strength change between the groups.

Conclusion:

Among chronic kidney disease patients, intradialytic exercise of low/moderate intensity with blood flow restriction was more effective in improving walking endurance than conventional exercise or no exercise.
miR-98 reduces endothelial dysfunction by protecting blood–brain barrier (BBB) and improves neurological outcomes in mouse ischemia/reperfusion stroke model
Authors: Bernstein David L , Zuluaga-Ramirez Viviana , Gajghate Sachin , Reichenbach Nancy L , Polyak Boris , Persidsky Yuri , Rom Slava
Published: October 2019

Most neurological diseases, including stroke, lead to some degree of blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. A significant portion of BBB injury is caused by inflammation, due to pro-inflammatory factors produced in the brain, and by leukocyte engagement of the brain endothelium. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have appeared as major regulators of inflammation-induced changes to gene expression in the microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) that comprise the BBB. However, miRNAs’ role during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is still underexplored. Endothelial levels of miR-98 were significantly altered following ischemia/reperfusion insults, both in vivo and in vitro, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), and oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD), respectively. Overexpression of miR-98 reduced the mouse’s infarct size after tMCAO. Further, miR-98 lessened infiltration of proinflammatory Ly6CHI leukocytes into the brain following stroke and diminished the prevalence of M1 (activated) microglia within the impacted area. miR-98 attenuated BBB permeability, as demonstrated by changes to fluorescently-labeled dextran penetration in vivo and improved transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) in vitro. Treatment with miR-98 improved significantly the locomotor impairment. Our study provides identification and functional assessment of miRNAs in brain endothelium and lays the groundwork for improving therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from ischemic attacks.
‘Nothing to do with the science’: How an elite sociotechnical imaginary cements policy resistance to public perspectives on science and technology through the machinery of government
Authors: Smallman Melanie
Published: October 2019

That policymakers adopt technoscientific viewpoints and lack reflexivity is a common criticism of scientific decision-making, particularly in response to moves to democratize science. Drawing on interviews with UK-based national policymakers, I argue that an elite sociotechnical imaginary of ‘science to the rescue’ shapes how public perspectives are heard and distinguishes what is considered to be legitimate expertise. The machinery of policy-making has become shaped around this imaginary – particularly its focus on science as a problem-solver and on social and ethical issues as ‘nothing to do with the science’ – and this gives this viewpoint its power, persistence and endurance. With this imaginary at the heart of policy-making machinery, regardless of the perspectives of the policymakers, alternative views of science are either forced to take the form of the elite imaginary in order to be processed, or they simply cannot be accounted for within the policy-making processes. In this way, the elite sociotechnical imaginary (and technoscientific viewpoint) is enacted, but also elicited and perpetuated, without the need for policymakers to engage with or even be aware of the imaginary underpinning their actions.
Heralds of global transparency: Remote sensing, nuclear fuel-cycle facilities, and the modularity of imagination
Authors: Lawrence Christopher
Published: October 2019

How has commercial remote sensing influenced the framing of public narratives about nuclear programs and weapons of mass destruction? This article examines an early and formative case: In 2002, a Washington-based nongovernmental organization used commercial satellite images to publicly identify the Natanz nuclear facility in Iran. The episode helped inaugurate the ‘Iran nuclear crisis’ as we have known it since. But it also played a role in fomenting a commercial market for remote sensing, adjusting the role of ‘citizen scientist’ in the nuclear arms-control community, visualizing a new television journalism beat of ‘covering the intelligence community’, legitimizing a transforming role of nuclear safeguards inspectors at the International Atomic Energy Agency, and solidifying Iran’s nuclear program as ‘clandestine’. This article follows the images as they pass through these social worlds and examines how heterogenous actors incorporated remote sensing into their identities and commitments to global transparency.
Adult learning theories and autoethnography: Informing the practice of information literacy
Authors: Bordonaro Karen
Published: October 2019

The learning theories of self-directed learning and lifelong learning can inform the practice of information literacy in higher education for adult learners. These theories lend themselves to the use of autoethnography, a research methodology that relies on the exploration of lived experiences through reflexivity informed by theory. In conducting an autoethnography on information literacy, its practice appears as both a singular and a collective activity. Multiple ramifications for practice come from this exploration. These ramifications include considerations of choices, barriers, conducive learning environments, informal learning opportunities, and the need for reflection for adult learners. Applying the learning theories of self-directed learning and lifelong learning to the practice of information literacy offers librarians new and useful perspectives on its practice with adult learners.
“Joy Turned to Sorrow”: Stillborns in Howard County, Indiana, 1890–1940
Authors: Parkin Katherine
Published: October 2019

This examination of north central Indiana between 1890 and 1940 offers a unique insight into the historic response to stillborn and newborn infant deaths. With a remarkable record of those interred, as well as local newspapers from these communities, the records of families who endured these losses allow us to discover their public responses to stillbirths. This examination also considers the broader social and cultural forces that shaped how families and communities responded to stillbirths, including advertisements for the famous patent medicine, Dr. Pierce’s, which promised that women taking their pills would prevent a stillborn baby, and the heavily reported Canadian Great Stork Derby.
Positive Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Pain in Plantar Fasciitis: A Double-Blind Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Peerbooms Joost C. , Lodder Paul , den Oudsten Brenda L. , Doorgeest Kamiel , Schuller Hans M. , Gosens Taco
Published: October 2019

Background:

When nonoperative treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis fails, often a corticosteroid injection is given. Corticosteroid injection gives temporary pain reduction but no healing. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has proven to be a safe therapeutic option in the treatment of tendon, muscle, bone, and cartilage injuries.

Purpose:

To determine the effectiveness of PRP as compared with corticosteroid injections for chronic plantar fasciitis.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Patients with chronic plantar fasciitis were allocated to have steroid injection or PRP. The primary outcome measure was the Foot Function Index (FFI) Pain score. Secondary outcome measures were function, as scored by the FFI Activity, FFI Disability, and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society, and quality of life, as scored with the short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). All outcomes were measured at baseline and at 4, 12, and 26 weeks and 1 year after the procedure.

Results:

Of the 115 patients, 63 were allocated to the PRP group, of which 46 (73%) completed the study, and 52 were allocated to the control group (corticosteroid injection), of which 36 (69%) completed the study. In the control group, FFI Pain scores decreased quickly and then remained stable during follow-up. In the PRP group, FFI Pain reduction was more modest but reached a lower point after 12 months than the control group. After adjusting for baseline differences, the PRP group showed significantly lower pain scores at the 1-year follow-up than the control group (mean difference, 14.4; 95% CI, 3.2-25.6). The number of patients with at least 25% improvement (FFI Pain score) between baseline and 12-month follow-up differed significantly between the groups. Of the 46 patients in the PRP group, 39 (84.4%) improved at least 25%, while only 20 (55.6%) of the 36 in the control group showed such an improvement ( P = .003). The PRP group showed significantly lower FFI Disability scores than the control group (mean difference, 12.0; 95% CI, 2.3-21.6).

Conclusion:

Treatment of patients with chronic plantar fasciitis with PRP seems to reduce pain and increase function more as compared with the effect of corticosteroid injection.

Registration:

NCT00758641 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
How Can We Define Clinically Important Improvement in Pain Scores After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome? Minimum 2-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Beck Edward C. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Kunze Kyle N. , Chahla Jorge , Nho Shane J.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Patient postoperative pain is being increasingly reported in the field of hip preservation surgery. The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain is one of the most commonly utilized measures for perioperative pain assessment. Currently, there is limited understanding of clinically significant improvement in VAS pain.

Purpose:

(1) To define the substantial clinical benefit (SCB), patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS), and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the VAS pain score in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome after 2 years from surgery and (2) to identify preoperative predictors of achieving each outcome endpoint.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Data from consecutive patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy between November 2014 and March 2017 were collected and analyzed. Baseline data and postoperative patient-reported outcome scores were recorded at 2 years postoperatively. To quantify clinical significance of outcome achievement for the VAS pain score, the MCID, PASS, and SCB were calculated.

Results:

A total of 976 patients were included in the final analysis. The VAS pain score threshold for achieving the MCID was defined as a decrease of 14.8; the PASS was defined as achieving a 2-year postoperative score of 21.6 points; and the SCB was defined as a decrease of 25.5 or a score of 15.4 points at 2 years. The rates of achieving the MCID, PASS, and SCB were 97.6%, 66.4%, and 71.2%, respectively. Regression analysis demonstrated that sports involvement, low body mass index, smaller preoperative alpha angle, and absence of articular damage and chondromalacia were predictive of achieving the PASS (all P < .05). Preoperative predictors for achieving the SCB included being male, no smoking history, smaller alpha angle, higher modified Harris Hip Score, and lower VAS pain score (all P < .05).

Conclusion:

This study identified scores for VAS pain that can be used to define clinically significant outcome after arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Specifically, a decrease in pain score of 14.8 was a clinically important improvement in VAS pain, while an absolute score <15.4 or a change of 25.5 represented the upper threshold of VAS pain improvement. Additionally, there were both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors that predicted achieving clinically significant levels of postoperative pain improvement.
Haemodynamic evaluation of the new pulsatile-flow generation method in vitro
Authors: Itkin George P , Bychnev Alexander S , Kuleshov Arkady P , Drobyshev Alexander A
Published: October 2019

Continuous-flow ventricular-assist devices are widely used to support patients with advanced heart failure, because continuous-flow ventricular-assist devices are more durable, have smaller sizes and have better survival rates for patients compared to the pulsatile-flow ventricular-assist devices. Nevertheless, continuous-flow ventricular-assist devices often cause complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, haemorrhagic stroke, and aortic insufficiency and have a negative impact on the microcirculation for both long-time implantable and short-time extracorporeal systems. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the pulsatile-flow generation method in continuous-flow ventricular-assist device without pump speed changes. The method may be used for short-time extracorporeal continuous-flow mechanical circulatory support and long-time implantable mechanical circulatory support. A shunt with a controlled adjustable valve, that clamps periodically, is connected in parallel to the continuous-flow ventricular-assist device. We compared the continuous-flow ventricular-assist device operating with and without the shunt on the mock circulation loop. The continuous-flow ventricular-assist device–shunt system was connected according to the left ventricle–aorta circuit and worked in phase with the ventricle. Heart failure was simulated on the mock circulation circuit. Rotaflow (Maquet Inc.) was used as the continuous-flow pump. Haemolysis studies of the system for generating a pulse flow were carried out at a flow rate of 5 L/min and a pressure drop of 100 mm Hg. To compare the haemodynamic efficiency, we used the aortic pulsation index Ip, the equivalent energy pressure and the surplus haemodynamic energy. These indexes were higher in the pulsatile mode ( Ip – 4 times, equivalent energy pressure by 7.36% and surplus haemodynamic energy – 10 times), while haemolysis was the same. The normalised index of haemolysis was 0.0015 ± 0.001. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the pulsatile-flow generation method for continuous-flow ventricular-assist devices without impeller rotation rate changes.
The Perinatal Mental Health of Indigenous Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Owais Sawayra , Faltyn Mateusz , Johnson Ashley V. D. , Gabel Chelsea , Downey Bernice , Kates Nick , Van Lieshout Ryan J.
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Although Indigenous women are exposed to high rates of risk factors for perinatal mental health problems, the magnitude of their risk is not known. This lack of data impedes the development of appropriate screening and treatment protocols, as well as the proper allocation of resources for Indigenous women. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare rates of perinatal mental health problems among Indigenous and non-Indigenous women.

Methods:

We searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science from their inceptions until February 2019. Studies were included if they assessed mental health in Indigenous women during pregnancy and/or up to 12 months postpartum.

Results:

Twenty-six articles met study inclusion criteria and 21 were eligible for meta-analysis. Indigenous identity was associated with higher odds of mental health problems (odds ratio [ OR] 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 2.11). Odds were higher still when analyses were restricted to problems of greater severity ( OR 1.95; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.16) and young Indigenous women ( OR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.28).

Conclusion:

Indigenous women are at increased risk of mental health problems during the perinatal period, particularly depression, anxiety, and substance misuse. However, resiliency among Indigenous women, cultural teachings, and methodological issues may be affecting estimates. Future research should utilize more representative samples, adapt and validate diagnostic and symptom measures for Indigenous groups, and engage Indigenous actors, leaders, and related allies to help improve the accuracy of estimates, as well as the well-being of Indigenous mothers, their families, and future generations.

Trial Registration:

PROSPERO-CRD42018108638.
Compressive effect of jute fiber corrugated lattice sandwich structure
Authors: Li Shuguang , Hu Runsheng , Cheng Jin , Hu Yingcheng
Published: October 2019

A lattice sandwich structure mainly consisting of jute fiber and resin epoxy was prepared. Two configurations were established, and six out-of-plane compression experiments were conducted to identify the factors affecting the mechanical properties of the samples. The specific strength of the 2D corrugated lattice truss with the struts at 30° (I1) was 3 times stronger than that of the sample with sandwich struts at 45°. The specific strength of I1 was 3.9 times stronger than that of the Kagome structure prepared using Cu–2%Be. The cost performance with respect to the specific strength of the structure I1 was 161.7 times higher than that of the Kagome structure prepared using Cu–2%Be. Three failure modes were considered, and theoretical predictions were made separately. The failure modes in the experiment were mainly shear failure and shear buckling failure in sandwich struts.