bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces fermentation products impact performance and the fecal microbiome in weanling pigs inoculated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Cherrington Tanya , Jordan David , Pluske John , Mansfield Josie , Lugsomya Kittitat , Wilkinson Stuart , Cadogan David , Abraham Sam , O’Dea Mark
Published: January 2025

Background

Enterotoxigenic F4 Escherichia coli (F4-ETEC) pose an economic threat to the swine industry through reduced growth, increased mortality and morbidity, and increased costs associated with treatment. Prevention and treatment of F4-ETEC often rely on antimicrobials; however, due to the threat of antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial use is being minimized, and hence alternative control methods are needed. This study investigated the effects of postbiotics in the form of Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation products (LFP) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SFP), on pigs challenged with an F4 ETEC strain. Eighty pigs were selected based on a prescreening F4-ETEC susceptibility test. The animals were divided into 5 treatments each with 4 replicate pens. Pigs were assigned to 5 different diets: a control diet (CON); CON diet with 3,000 ppm ZnO (ZnO); CON diet with 2,000 ppm LFP (LFP); CON diet with 2,000 ppm SFP (SFP); CON diet with both 2,000 ppm LFP and 2,000 ppm SFP (LAS). Pigs were inoculated per os with F4-ETEC twice, on day 0 and day 1 of the experiment.

Results

No significant differences in fecal consistency scores or fecal F4-ETEC concentration in pigs supplemented with LFP and/or SFP were detected. An increased diversity and abundance of Lactobacillaceae in the fecal microbiome of pigs supplemented with LFP were detected, as well as an increased final liveweight of pigs supplemented with LFP and/or SFP.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that the fecal microbiome is modified in F4-ETEC-challenged pigs supplemented with the combination of LFP and SFP, with these modifications previously associated with increased growth performance and health status in young pigs. Pigs receiving this combination of postbiotics also demonstrated an increased final liveweight, indicating that management of ETEC-associated performance loss may not require the complete removal of ETEC from a production system.
Information Nudges, Subsidies, and Crowding Out of Attention: Field Evidence from Energy Efficiency Investments
Authors: Rodemeier Matthias , Löschel Andreas
Published: January 2025

How can information substitute or complement financial incentives such as Pigouvian subsidies? We answer this question in a large-scale field experiment that cross-randomizes energy efficiency subsidies with information about the financial savings of LED lighting. Information has two effects: It shifts and rotates demand curves. The direction of the shift is ambiguous and highly dependent on the information design. Informing consumers that an LED saves 90% in annual energy costs increases LED demand, but showing them that 90% corresponds to an average of €11 raises demand for less efficient technologies. The rotation of the demand curve is unambiguous: Information dramatically reduces both own-price and cross-price elasticities, which makes subsidies less effective. The uniform decrease in price elasticities suggests that consumers pay less attention to subsidies when information is provided. We structurally estimate that welfare-maximizing subsidies can be 200% larger than the Pigouvian benchmark when combined with information.
A case of hepatic sarcomatoid cholangiocarcinoma with diaphragmatic and right lower lobe lung invasion
Authors: Tsai Tsung Chiao , Su Che Min
Published: January 2025

Hepatic sarcomatoid cholangiocarcinoma is a rare, accounting for <1% of cases and aggressive malignant neoplasm. This report presents a case of a 35-year-old female patient who presented with right shoulder pain, general weakness, anorexia, and weight loss. Imaging studies revealed a hepatic mass in segment S8, with invasion into the diaphragm and right lower lobe of the lung. The patient underwent surgical resection, and the pathological diagnosis confirmed hepatic sarcomatoid cholangiocarcinoma. This case report discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare malignancy, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and aggressive management.
Common mycorrhizal networks enhance growth and nutrient uptake in non-mycorrhizal Chenopodium album via Parthenium hysterophorus
Authors: Chauhan Ambika , Kaur Mankeet , Singh Meenakshi , Singh Pradeep Kumar
Published: January 2025

Common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) facilitate nutrient transfer between plants, but their role in supporting non-mycorrhizal species remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the effect of CMNs on the growth and nutrient uptake of the non-mycorrhizal plant Chenopodium album in association with the mycorrhizal plant Parthenium hysterophorus. The treatments included C. album alone, C. album grown with P. hysterophorus to allow CMN formation, and C. album treated with fungicide to inhibit mycorrhizal activity. Results showed that CMN treatment significantly enhanced the plant growth and uptake of nutrient content (N and P) in C. album compared to the control. There was no mycorrhizal colonization in C. album, while high colonization in P. hysterophorus suggested that the enhanced growth in C. album was due to nutrient uptake transfer through the CMNs. The fungicide treatment resulted in reduced growth and uptake of nutrient content, providing further evidence that CMNs and mycorrhizal associations of mycorrhizal plants enhanced the growth of C. album. These findings provide the first evidence that CMNs can enhance the growth and nutrient uptake of non-mycorrhizal plants through associations with mycorrhizal partners.
Insights into Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in South Africa (2018–2022)
Authors: Nkosi Mbali Precious , Hoog Keegan John , Lowe Michelle
Published: January 2025

Pneumocystis jirovecii causes P. jirovecii pneumonia (PJP)—a leading opportunistic infection among persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus. Furthermore, individuals with underlying conditions such as cancer and transplant recipients are susceptible to PJP. Most data on PJP come from other countries, with limited knowledge about its prevalence in Africa. The aim was to describe changes in the proportion of positive PJP tests in South Africa from 2018 to 2022. A 5-year retrospective study was conducted on patients with suspected P. jirovecii, detected by polymerase chain reaction. Data were obtained from the National Health Laboratory Service, where laboratory diagnostics were done as part of routine patient care. Mann–Whitney test and Χ2 tests were used to compare the age, sex, and wards with both the negative and positive results of PJP. From 2018 to 2022, a total of 8110 patients’ results were retrieved, and 8059 met the inclusion criteria. The positive test proportions of PJP in South Africa were 32.66%, 29.93%, 34.02%, 24.98%, and 25.78%, respectively. The median age was 35 years, with interquartile range of 24–43 years (P = .002). Female patients had a higher positive test proportion than males (59.39% vs. 38.74%, P < .001). The proportion of positive PJP tests was higher in general wards (48.54%) and intensive care units (18.99%) (P = .012). The epidemiology of PJP in South Africa is similar to that of other countries in some respects but is influenced by unique factors specific to the country. These findings are crucial for public health planning, emphasising the need for targeted PJP prevention strategies considering sex- and age-specific vulnerabilities in South Africa.
The NuSTAR view of five changing-look active galactic nuclei
Authors: Lyu Bing , Yan Zhen , Wu Xue-bing , Wu Qingwen , Yu Wenfei , Liu Hao
Published: January 2025

Changing-look active galactic nuclei (CLAGNs) are known to change their spectral type between 1 and 2 (changing-state) or change their absorption between Compton-thick and Compton-thin (changing-obscuration) on timescales of years or less. The physical mechanism and possible connection between the two types of CLAGNs are still unclear. We explore the evolution of the broadband X-ray spectra from Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR  ) and column density in five CLAGNs with moderate inclination viewing angles, which have shown significant variations of both optical types and X-ray absorption. Based on a phenomenological and two clumpy torus models, we find that the X-ray photon index (Γ) and the Eddington-scaled X-ray 2 − 10 keV luminosity (LX/LEdd) are positively correlated for the five sources, which are similar to other bright AGNs and optical CLAGNs at type 1 phase. We find a significant negative correlation between logNH, los and logLX/LEdd except for ESO 362-G18. Similar to changing-state AGNs, changing-obscuration AGNs may be also triggered by the evolution of the accretion disc. Our results support the disc wind scenario, where the disc wind proportional to the accretion rate and formed at moderate inclination angles would push the obscuration material further away and decrease the column density from the line of sight observed in the changing-look AGNs.
sOPTICS: a modified density-based algorithm for identifying galaxy groups/clusters and brightest cluster galaxies
Authors: Ma Hai-Xia , Takeuchi Tsutomu T , Cooray Suchetha , Zhu Yongda
Published: January 2025

A direct approach to studying the galaxy–halo connection is to analyse groups and clusters of galaxies that trace the underlying dark matter haloes, emphasizing the importance of identifying galaxy clusters and their associated brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). In this work, we test and propose a robust density-based clustering algorithm that outperforms the traditional Friends-of-Friends (FoF) algorithm in the currently available galaxy group/cluster catalogues. Our new approach is a modified version of the Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure (OPTICS) algorithm, which accounts for line-of-sight positional uncertainties due to redshift space distortions by incorporating a scaling factor, and is thereby referred to as sOPTICS. When tested on both a galaxy group catalogue based on semi-analytic galaxy formation simulations and observational data, our algorithm demonstrated robustness to outliers and relative insensitivity to hyperparameter choices. In total, we compared the results of eight clustering algorithms. The proposed density-based clustering method, sOPTICS, outperforms FoF in accurately identifying giant galaxy clusters and their associated BCGs in various environments with higher purity and recovery rate, also successfully recovering 115 BCGs out of 118 reliable BCGs from a large galaxy sample. Furthermore, when applied to an independent observational catalogue without extensive re-tuning, sOPTICS maintains high recovery efficiency, confirming its flexibility and effectiveness for large-scale astronomical surveys.
A systematically selected sample of luminous, long-duration, ambiguous nuclear transients
Authors: Wiseman P , Williams R D , Arcavi I , Galbany L , Graham M J , Hönig S , Newsome M , Subrayan B , Sullivan M , Wang Y , Ilić D , Nicholl M , Oates S , Petrushevska T , Smith K W
Published: January 2025

We present a search for luminous long-duration ambiguous nuclear transients (ANTs) similar to the unprecedented discovery of the extreme ambiguous event AT2021lwx with a $\gt 150$ d rise time and luminosity $10^{45.7}$ erg s$^{-1}$. We use the Lasair transient broker to search Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) data for transients lasting more than one year and exhibiting smooth declines. Our search returns 59 events, 7 of which we classify as ANTs assumed to be driven by accretion onto supermassive black holes. We propose the remaining 52 are stochastic variability from regular supermassive black hole accretion rather than distinct transients. We supplement the seven ANTs with three nuclear transients in ZTF that fail the light curve selection but have clear single flares and spectra that do not resemble typical active galactic nucleus. All of these 11 ANTs have a mid-infrared flare from an assumed dust echo, implying the ubiquity of dust around the black holes giving rise to ANTs. No events are more luminous than AT2021lwx, but one (ZTF19aamrjar) has twice the duration and a higher integrated energy release. On the other extreme, ZTF20abodaps reaches a luminosity close to AT2021lwx with a rise time $\lt 20$ d and that fades smoothly in $\gt 600$ d. We define a portion of rise-time versus flare amplitude space that selects ANTs with $\sim 50$ per cent purity against variable AGNs. We calculate a volumetric rate of $\gtrsim 3\times 10^{-11}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$, consistent with the events being caused by tidal disruptions of intermediate and high-mass stars.
Inference of the Demographic Histories and Selective Effects of Human Gut Commensal Microbiota Over the Course of Human History
Authors: Mah Jonathan C , Lohmueller Kirk E , Garud Nandita R
Published: January 2025

Despite the importance of gut commensal microbiota to human health, there is little knowledge about their evolutionary histories, including their demographic histories and distributions of fitness effects (DFEs) of mutations. Here, we infer the demographic histories and DFEs for amino acid-changing mutations of 39 of the most prevalent and abundant commensal gut microbial species found in Westernized individuals over timescales exceeding human generations. Some species display contractions in population size and others expansions, with several of these events coinciding with several key historical moments in human history. DFEs across species vary from highly to mildly deleterious, with differences between accessory and core gene DFEs largely driven by genetic drift. Within genera, DFEs tend to be more congruent, reflective of underlying phylogenetic relationships. Together, these findings suggest that gut microbes have distinct demographic and selective histories.
Association Between Sex Hormones and Mood, Cravings, and Urges in Males and Females Who Smoke Tobacco
Authors: Harrison Katherine , Abdelwahab Nermine , Allen Alicia , Petersen Ashley , Allen Sharon
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Mood influences smoking behavior, with sex and sex hormones potentially complicating these relationships. We explored associations between the profile of mood states (POMS) and Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU)—Brief with sex hormones in men and women who smoke.

Aims and Methods

This is a secondary analysis of treatment non-responders from a smoking cessation randomized trial investigating exogenous progesterone’s efficacy. We considered the sex-specific associations between absolute serum progesterone (PRO) level and progesterone-to-estradiol ratio (P/E2), as well as the relative change in serum PRO and P/E2 with POMS and QSU subscale scores. Poisson generalized estimating equations models were used to estimate the associations.

Results

The analysis included 127 participants (62 women: median age of 38, 61% White; 65 men: median age of 36, 54% White). There were sex-specific associations between POMS negative mood factors and relative PRO levels (eg, fatigue-inertia: women: 19% increase for a 10-fold increase in relative PRO, p = .03 vs. men: 10% decrease, p = .19) and relative P/E2 (eg, lonely: women: 7% increase for a 10-fold increase in relative P/E2, p = .63 vs. men: 27% decrease, p = .01). Generally, larger relative PRO and P/E2 were associated with increased POMS negative mood factors in women, while larger relative PRO and P/E2 in men were associated with decreased POMS negative mood factors. Similar trends between POMS negative mood factors and the absolute PRO and P/E2 were observed. No significant associations were observed with POMS positive mood factors or QSU subscales.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the change in PRO and P/E2 may influence negative mood factors differently in men and women who smoke. Additional research is needed to understand how these sex-specific associations may contribute to smoking cessation.

Implications

Progesterone and estrogen were linked to increased negative mood factors in women, whereas in men they were linked to a decrease in negative mood factors. These observations shed light on potential sex-specific intervention targets for mood management in adults who smoke.
Current-Readout Technique for Ultra-High-Rate Experiments
Authors: Wakata Maki , Akamatsu Shoei , Fujiie Takuhiro , Furuyama Taisei , Hara Lisa , Ishikawa Yumi , Ito Tadashi , Kikuchi Takahiro , Mibe Tsutomu , Ozaki Sachi , Yokomizo Mitsuhiko , Murata Jiro
Published: January 2025

This study develops a new current-readout technique capable of handling measurements with high count rates reaching 1 Gcps. By directly capturing the output current of a photomultiplier as a digitized waveform, we estimate event rates, overcoming the limitations imposed by pulse pileup constraints and deadtimes. This innovative method is applied to a muon spin rotation/relaxation/resonance experiment at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, demonstrating its expected performance. Furthermore, we explore methods for estimating statistical uncertainty and investigate potential applications in analog-logic OR/AND gates. Our findings reveal that the developed technique opens avenues for developing future nonbinary logic circuits operating based on $n$-adic numbers.
Tissue degrading and remodelling molecules in giant cell arteritis
Authors: Watanabe Nobumasa , Hara Yuichiro , Nishito Yasumasa , Kounoe Mai , Sekiyama Kazunari , Takamasu Eisuke , Kise Takayasu , Chinen Naofumi , Shimada Kota , Sugihara Makoto , Kawaji Hideya
Published: January 2025

Objectives

GCA is a granulomatous vasculitis affecting large vessels, leading to intimal occlusion accompanied by the accumulation of myofibroblasts. Histopathologically, GCA is characterized by destruction of the tunica media and hypertrophy of the intima with invasion of activated CD4+ T cells, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs). Despite these well-defined histopathological features, the molecular pathology of GCA has largely remained elusive. We aimed to characterize the pathologic features of GCA at the molecular level.

Methods

To identify key molecules involved in GCA pathogenesis, we conducted genome-wide gene expression profiling on arterial lesions obtained through temporal artery biopsy of 16 patients who had not received any prior treatment. The resulting data were examined to reveal specific pathways and genes, and some of the molecules were followed up by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Our analysis revealed a unique gene expression pattern in GCA lesions, including enrichment of immune cells and phagocytic pathways related to microglia and osteoclasts. Subsequent immunohistochemistry analysis identified the presence of MMP12 (macrophage elastase), HLA-DRA, and phagocytosis- and osteoclast-associated molecules in infiltrating macrophages and MNGCs. Additionally, we discovered LRRC15-expressing cells in the tunica intima, suggesting a myofibroblast subpopulation that suppresses cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These molecules were upregulated in other granulomatous diseases affecting not only arteries but also lymph nodes.

Conclusion

Our study revealed novel molecules associated with the pathological features of GCA, providing a foundation for better understanding of GCA pathogenesis and development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
Deciding to Be Left Alone After Being Left Out: Behavioral Responses to Social Exclusion in Schizophrenia
Authors: Weittenhiller Lauren P , Kring Ann M
Published: January 2025

Background and Hypotheses

People with schizophrenia are at risk for social exclusion, yet we know little about their responses. We hypothesized (1) people with schizophrenia would be more likely to withdraw following social exclusion compared to controls; (2) withdrawal intentions would be greater following exclusion compared to disappointment; (3) withdrawal behavior would be predicted by rejection sensitivity, alternative sources of acceptance, chronicity of exclusion, and perceived fairness; and (4) withdrawal following exclusion would be associated with more negative symptoms and poorer functioning.

Study Design

People with (n = 43) and without (n = 43) schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder played Cyberball - Behavioral Response, a novel version of the exclusion task. Participants responded to social exclusion with affiliative, retaliatory, and withdrawal behaviors within a 2 (Group: Schizophrenia vs. Control) × 3 (Game Type: Exclusion vs. Disappointment vs. Inclusion) mixed design. Participants reported their social experiences, affective and psychological responses following exclusion, negative symptoms, and functioning.

Study Results

People with schizophrenia reported heightened rejection sensitivity, fewer alternative sources of acceptance, and more chronic exclusion in daily life compared to controls. They responded to exclusion with more withdrawal behavior than controls, with social exclusion eliciting more of these responses than disappointment. Withdrawal responses were associated with chronicity of exclusion, and withdrawal and exclusion in daily life were linked to functional outcomes.

Conclusions

People with schizophrenia experience frequent social exclusion in daily life, and this predicts withdrawal responses to social exclusion. Findings provide initial evidence of vulnerability to a cycle of exclusion and withdrawal.
Epizelus (Hdt 6.117): A Medical History Critique and Reappraisal
Authors: Ford James C
Published: January 2025

Most commentators have argued that the ‘curious’ tale of Epizelus is the first historical example of anxiety-related combat trauma. While the capacity to experience combat-related trauma is universal across human societies, focussing on whether Epizelus can be diagnosed with a specific contemporary traumatic condition is presentist and misguided. Instead of engaging in disputes about diagnosis, historians are better placed providing a close reading and dissection of the source material informed by historical and cultural historiography, raising new questions and offering a synthesis and analysis that can then be used responsibly by medical scholars. By doing so, the Epizelus episode can be recontextualised as an epiphany of a god: a story with deep meaning for the Athenians by the time that Herodotus was writing in the late fifth-century BC.
What Makes Saint Martin Come Marching In? On Facilitating Holy Play
Authors: de Groot Kees
Published: January 2025

In the study of urban events on the boundaries between the religious and the secular, an underdeveloped theme is the facilitation and performance of sacrality. Two questions should be asked: to what extent is an event ritualized and sacralized and how is religion involved? A further question is how these events succeed in performing the sacred. This article uses ethnographic research into the Saint Martin’s Day Parade in the Dutch city of Utrecht, a festive procession of children and parents, to clarify how the interplaying fields of religion, art, and, urban governance facilitate an event that may acquire the qualities of a “holy play,” depending on the fulfillment of performative requirements on one hand and the balance between sacralizing movements and particular strategies on the other.
Evidence of Rapid Infection of Four Sweetpotato Potyviruses in a Commercial Field in California
Authors: Osse de Souza Juliana , Erickson Teresa M. , Stoddard C. Scott , Almeyda Christie V. , Al Rwahnih Maher
Published: January 2025

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) is grown worldwide and is a staple food in many countries. One of the main constraints for sweetpotato production is cultivar decline, caused by the accumulation of viruses and subsequent losses of storage root yield and quality over years of vegetative propagation. Virus indexing using diagnostic molecular techniques is essential for the detection and identification of the major viruses to avoid cultivar decline, but little information is available on the fate of clean (virus-tested) plant materials after field propagation. In this study, cuttings of three sweetpotato cultivars (Beauregard, Bellevue, and Vermillion) were acquired from a clean propagative material program and planted in commercial field plots in Merced County, California, over multiple growing seasons. In 2021 and 2022, the phytosanitary status of storage roots from different generations of the materials were assessed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) at harvest at the Foundation Plant Services, University of California, Davis. The results showed their rapid infection with four major potyviruses—sweet potato feathery mottle virus, sweet potato virus 2, sweet potato virus C, and sweet potato virus G—over the two seasons. The infection by two to four potyviruses was confirmed by RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, high-throughput sequencing, and biological indexing onto Ipomoea setosa plants for symptoms evaluation.
In vitro stretch modulates mitochondrial dynamics and energy metabolism to induce smooth muscle differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Liu Yu , Yang Zhijie , Na Jing , Chen Xinyuan , Wang Ziyi , Zheng Lisha , Fan Yubo
Published: January 2025

The smooth muscle cells (SMCs) located in the vascular media layer are continuously subjected to cyclic stretching perpendicular to the vessel wall and play a crucial role in vascular wall remodeling and blood pressure regulation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising tools to differentiate into SMCs. Mechanical stretch loading offers an opportunity to guide the MSC‐SMC differentiation and mechanical adaption for function regeneration of blood vessels. This study shows that cyclic stretch induces the expression of SMC markers α‐SMA and SM22 in MSCs. These cells exhibit contractile ability in vitro and facilitate angiogenesis in the Matrigel plug assay in vivo. The contraction of SMCs requires remodeling of their energy metabolism. However, the underlying mechanism in the differentiation of MSCs into SMCs remains to be revealed. Cyclic stretch training promotes glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial fusion and modulates mitochondrial dynamics‐related proteins (MFN1, MFN2, DRP1) expression, thereby contributing to MSCs differentiation. Yes‐associated protein (YAP) affects mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis to regulate stretch‐mediated differentiation into SMCs. Additionally, Piezo‐type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) impacts energy metabolism and MSCs differentiation by regulating intracellular Ca2+ levels and YAP nuclear localization. It indicates that YAP can integrate stretch force and energy metabolism signals to regulate the differentiation of MSCs into SMCs.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Medial Meniscus Ramp Lesions in the Setting of Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Moran Jay , Lee Michael S. , Fong Scott , LaPrade Christopher , Kunze Kyle N. , Fabricant Peter D. , Chahla Jorge , Jimenez Andrew E. , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Medial meniscus ramp lesions (MMRLs) are commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and may increase the risk of graft failure after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) if undiagnosed or left untreated. Although MMRLs have been extensively reported in adults, there are limited studies describing them in pediatric patients undergoing ACLR. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence of and risk factors for MMRLs in pediatric patients with ACL injuries.

Methods:

PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were queried in December 2023 for studies reporting on MMRLs in pediatric patients (≤21 y old) undergoing ACLR. Articles were only included if they reported on the prevalence and/or risk factors for arthroscopically diagnosed MMRLs. DerSimonian-Laird binary random-effects models were constructed to quantitatively evaluate the association between risk factors and MMRLs by generating effect estimates in the form of odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI.

Results:

Seven studies were identified, which included 1362 pediatric patients (mean±SD age, 15.3±1.4 y old) that underwent ACLR. The pooled MMRL prevalence was 16.4% (range, 13.2% to 28%) calculated across 6 studies. Of the 7 studies identified, 5 qualified for the risk factor analysis, which included a total of 536 ACLR patients. Twenty risk factors were identified, of which 8 were amenable to being explored quantitatively. Anterolateral ligament (ALL) injuries on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [odds ratio (OR), 4.16; 95% CI, 1.40-12.34; P=0.01], MMRLs on preoperative MRI (OR, 4.09; 95% CI, 2.52-6.64; P<0.00010), posteromedial tibial plateau bone marrow edema (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.16-3.83; P=0.01), and concomitant lateral meniscus tears (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.04-2.76; P=0.03) were important risk factors for pediatric MMRLs. Skeletal maturity (physes open or closed), male sex, or collateral ligament injury was not associated with the presence of pediatric MMRLs.

Conclusion:

The overall pooled prevalence of MMRLs was 16.4% in pediatric patients undergoing ACLR. Significant risk factors for pediatric MMRLs included the presence of concomitant ALL injuries on MRI, identification of MMRLs on MRI, posteromedial tibia plateau bone marrow edema, and concomitant lateral meniscus tears at the time of surgery. Skeletal maturity, male sex, or collateral ligament injury were not associated with MMRLs in pediatric ACL tears.

Level of Evidence:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; level of evidence: IV.
Identification of leakage sites in central serous chorioretinopathy using optical coherence tomography and the assessment of the characteristics of the biomarkers
Authors: Funatsu Ryoh , Terasaki Hiroto , Mihara Naohisa , Sonoda Shozo , Shiihara Hideki , Miyake Shoki , Imatsuji Hiroki , Sakamoto Taiji
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To identify optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based imaging biomarkers that can localize focal leakage points without fluorescein angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods:

This retrospective case-control study analyzed 119 consecutive patients (123 eyes) with CSC between April 2018 and February 2024, comprising 66 eyes with focal-leakage type and 57 eyes with diffuse-leakage type. We assessed leakage sites using OCT, and the proportions of OCT findings were compared between focal- and diffuse-leakage types.

Results:

Hyporeflective lucency signs were observed in 27 eyes (40.9%) with focal-type CSC, while no such signs were detected in diffuse-type CSC cases (0.0%; P < 0.001). In focal-type CSC, these signs were exclusively localized to leakage points, with no occurrence in other areas within serous retinal detachment. Microrip of retinal pigment epithelium and subretinal hyperreflective material were identified in 23 (34.8%) and 47 (71.2%) eyes with focal-type CSC, respectively, and also in eyes with diffuse-type CSC (5.3% and 19.3%, respectively; P < 0.001 for both comparisons).

Conclusions:

Only the hyporeflective lucency sign is present exclusively in focal leakage points of fluorescein angiography. Our findings suggested that the hyporeflective lucency sign may serve as a potential therapeutic target in CSC.
Retinal Vessels Whitening in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Yassin Shaden H. , Wagner Naomi E. , Kalaw Fritz Gerald P. , Sharma Paripoorna , Arias Juan D. , Tran Melanie , Nagel Ines , Walker Evan , Borooah Shyamanga
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To characterize retinal vessel whitening (RVW) in Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP).

Methods:

Single-center cross-sectional study. Review of clinical notes of clinically confirmed RP patients was performed followed by grading ultra-widefield imaging. Data collected included Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), presence or absence and location of RVW and were correlated with disease.

Results:

In total, 120 RP patients’ charts were reviewed. Of these, 116 patients (232 eyes) were included in the final analysis with a mean age of 43.2 (39.8, 46.6) and a 1:1 male to female ratio. RVW was seen in either eye of 44 (38%) subjects, most frequently in the inferotemporal quadrant (p< 0.001). Total retinal thickness within the ETDRS area was significantly less in eyes with RVW (p<0.001), a mean difference of 151.7 µm. Both the inner and outer retina were thinner in the RVW group (p<0.001). There was also a significant association (p<0.04) between the number of quadrants of the retina affected by RVW and the reduction in retinal thickness.

Conclusion:

RVW is a common finding in RP, suggesting that it should be considered as a phenotypic feature of RP. RVW is also associated with structural changes to the central macula indicating its potential use as a marker of retinal disease severity.
Generative deep learning approach to predict posttreatment optical coherence tomography images of age-related macular degeneration after 12 months
Authors: Lee Hyungwoo , Kim Najung , Kim Na Hee , Chung Hyewon , Chan Kim Hyung
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Predicting long-term anatomical responses in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients is critical for patient-specific management. This study validates a generative deep learning (DL) model to predict 12-month posttreatment optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and evaluates the impact of incorporating clinical data on predictive performance.

Methods:

A total of 533 eyes from 513 treatment-naïve nAMD patients were analyzed. A conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) served as the baseline model, generating 12-month OCT images using pretreatment OCT, fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). We then sequentially added OCT after three loading doses, baseline visual acuity (VA), treatment regimen (pro re nata or treat-and-extend), drug type, and switching events. The generated and patient OCT images were compared for intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid, pigment epithelial detachment, and subretinal hyperreflective material, both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results:

The baseline model achieved acceptable accuracy for four macular fluid compartments (range 0.74–0.96). Incorporating OCT after loading doses and other clinical parameters improved accuracy (range 0.91–0.98). With all the clinical inputs, the model achieved 92% accuracy in distinguishing wet macular status from dry macular status. The segmented fluid compartments in the generated images correlated positively with those in the patient images.

Conclusion:

Integrating clinical and treatment data, particularly OCT data after loading doses, significantly enhanced the 12-month predictive performance of cGANs. This approach can help clinicians anticipate anatomical outcomes and guide personalized, long-term nAMD treatment strategies.
Treatment of vision-threatening branch retinal artery occlusion following coronary angioplasty with surgical displacement of embolus
Authors: Hamam Rola N. , Hassoun Mahdi M. , Rebeiz Abdallah G. , El Hadi Dalia , Bashshur Ziad F.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To report a successful case of vision restoration and macular reperfusion following branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) using pars plana vitrectomy with undermining the artery off the retinal bed.

Methods:

This case report involves a 75-year-old patient who was diagnosed immediately with BRAO following cardiac catheterization procedure. An embolus at the superior retinal artery bifurcation was noted. Initial treatments were ineffective, leading to a pars plana vitrectomy and mechanical elevation of the artery, performed six hours post-occlusion.

Results:

The surgical intervention successfully dislodged the embolus, resulting in significant visual improvement. Post-operative day 1, 4, and 14 assessments showed visual acuity improvement to counting fingers at 2 meters, 20/40, and 20/20, respectively. Fundoscopic examination and OCT angiography confirmed improved macular perfusion and normalization of the flow signal in the affected artery.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy and mechanical elevation of the artery for BRAO where the embolus can be visualized. Prompt identification and referral for surgical intervention in BRAO cases with poor prognosis are crucial for favorable visual outcomes. Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of this surgical technique and other interventions for managing BRAO.
Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019 After the Spread of the BA.5 Omicron Variants in Japan
Authors: Tachikawa Jun , Aizawa Yuta , Ikuse Tatsuki , Yamanaka Takayuki , Hasegawa Satoshi , Saitoh Akihiko
Published: January 2025

Background:

The spread of the BA.5 Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has increased the number of hospitalized children. However, the impact of the spread of new omicron subvariants in children remains poorly described.

Methods:

This prospective observational study evaluated the clinical characteristics of children hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 13 hospitals in Niigata, Japan, during September 2022–February 2024. The data were divided and compared across 3 periods based on the dominant subvariants: BA.5/BF.5/BF.7 period (September 2022–April 2023), XBB/EG.5 period (May–December 2023) and BA.2.86/JN.1 periods (January–February 2024). In addition, the COVID-19 vaccination rates in hospitalized patients were compared with those in the general population.

Results:

In total, 298 children with COVID-19 were hospitalized during the study period. The patients’ median ages were 4.7 years during the BA.5/BF.5/BF.7 period, 1.2 years during the XBB/EG.5 period and 2.4 years during the BA.2.86/JN.1 period. The peak monthly number of admissions decreased over time, with 44, 32, 19 cases/mo during the BA.5/BF.5/BF.7 period, the XBB/EG.5 period and the BA.2.86/JN.1 period, respectively. Dehydration/oral intake failure (37.2%, 111/298) and febrile seizures (16.8%, 50/298) were the predominant reasons for hospitalization. The COVID-19 vaccination rates in hospitalized children 5–11 years of age (11.1%) and 12–15 years of age (38.9%) were significantly lower than those in the general population (41.5% and 71.0%).

Conclusions:

Although the clinical impact of the Omicron subvariants in children diminished over time, they continued to pose a risk. Continued efforts are needed to protect children from this evolving virus.
Evaluating the role of PCSK9 inhibitors in reducing cardiovascular events among statin-intolerant patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Farhan Muhammad , Hussein Gumana Ashraf , Alom Thuraya , Das Arghadip , Durrani Tooba Ahmed , Hayani Zahraa Mohamed , Alkassar Abdulrahman , Oweis Hala Ashraf , Nazir Muhammad Hashir , Dhillon Damandeep Kaur , Servil Ernst , Patel Tirath
Published: January 2025

Objective:

To assess the efficacy and safety of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in statin-intolerant patients, focusing on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction and cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Randomised control trails (RCTs) and observational studies from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were included. Independent reviewers extracted the data, and the analyses were performed using fixed- and random-effects models. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic and publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test.

Results:

Fifteen studies involving 69–18 924 participants were included. PCSK9 inhibitors reduced LDL-C levels by 50–70% and lowered the risk of MACE by 12% (OR 0.88). Minimal heterogeneity (I2 = 0%) indicated consistency across studies. Subgroup analysis showed greater efficacy in high-risk populations (e.g., acute coronary syndrome and familial hypercholesterolemia). Adverse events were mild, with minimal muscle-related side effects.

Conclusion:

PCSK9 inhibitors are effective and safe alternatives for LDL-C reduction and cardiovascular risk mitigation in patients with statin intolerance. Their efficacy, favorable safety profile, and consistency across studies highlight their potential for managing dyslipidemia, particularly in high-risk groups. Further research on long-term outcomes is required.
Celebrating Magnet® Nursing Excellence
Authors: Curto Christine
Published: January 2025

This month's Magnet® Perspectives column spotlights recipients of the 2024 ANCC Magnet Program® National Magnet Nurse of the Year® (MNOY) awards and the ANCC Magnet Prize®, sponsored by Press Ganey, recognized during the colocated ANCC National Magnet Conference® and the ANCC Pathway to Excellence Conference® in New Orleans, Louisiana, October 29 to November 1, 2024. The MNOY awards recognize 5 exceptional clinical nurses in Magnet-designated organizations who demonstrate outstanding contributions in innovation, consultation, leadership, and professional risk taking. The ANCC Magnet Prize recognizes a Magnet organization whose nursing team spearheaded exemplary achievements including initiative(s) in healthcare delivery and research leading to innovations in patient care services. Press Ganey sponsors the Magnet Prize by providing a $125 000 purse to further develop and advance the organization's innovative program/project.
Demographic Characteristics and Relational Coordination in ICU Teams
Authors: House Sherita , Palazzolo John , Stucky Christopher , Campbell Caitlin , Williams Kathy , Langerman Kathleen
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

To determine if professional roles and demographic characteristics predict relational coordination (RC) among healthcare professionals in the ICU.

BACKGROUND

Race, age, and sex diversity are increasing in the medical and nursing workforce, raising questions regarding how well healthcare professionals are collaborating. RC is a validated model for coordinating interdependent work among healthcare professionals.

METHODS

The research team conducted a secondary analysis from a 2-group parallel randomized controlled trial. Study variables were examined using multiple regression.

RESULTS

One hundred two participants completed the survey. Professional role, race, age, and experience were not associated with RC. Sex and education were significantly associated with RC. Males and participants with bachelor's degrees reported higher RC within roles.

CONCLUSION

Diverse and inclusive work environments are critical to patient and staff outcomes. Nurse leaders can use RC to foster teamwork and coordinate patient care among healthcare professionals, despite demographic characteristics and professional roles.
Exploring the Scholarly Value and Impact of DNP-Prepared Nurses Through the Lens of Nursing Leaders
Authors: Moran Katherine , Beebe Sarah L. , Corrigan Catherine , Manderscheid Amy , Conrad Dianne , Kesten Karen S.
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

To explore organizational nursing leaders' perceptions of impact, value, and support for doctor of nursing practice (DNP)–prepared nurses engaging in practice scholarship.

BACKGROUND

DNP nurses are educated to lead change at the system level and direct practice-based initiatives to enhance health outcomes. Organizational support and the value of DNP scholarship need to be better understood.

METHODS

An exploratory cross-sectional survey of organizational nursing leaders (N = 87) who participated in hiring or interacting with DNP-prepared nurses was implemented.

RESULTS

More than half of the organizational nursing leaders reported that scholarship competencies were integrated into DNP-prepared nurses' job descriptions, yet almost half reported no time allotment for scholarship activities. Respondents reported that the highest impact of the DNP-prepared nurse was on the quality of care, and the greatest value reported was the implementation of evidence-based practice and quality improvement initiatives, the development of innovative roles, and as change agents.

CONCLUSIONS

Consistent organizational support for DNP-prepared nurses to engage in practice scholarship could maximize the value and impact of these highly educated nurses on healthcare systems and health outcomes.
Exploring the Psychosocial Domain of the Social Determinants of Learning™ Framework
Authors: Urban Regina W. , Jennings Leslie A.
Published: January 2025

Background:

The Social Determinants of Learning™ framework can be used to conceptualize the influence of psychosocial health among students applying to nursing programs. Little is known about variables that may influence psychosocial health in these students.

Purpose:

To describe demographic and mental health variables that predict perceived stress and resilience levels in accelerated online prenursing students.

Methods:

A cross-sectional, survey-based, observational design was utilized.

Results:

Participants were mostly female and from diverse backgrounds. Lower levels of perceived stress were predicted by lower levels of anxiety and higher levels of resilience and self-compassion. Higher levels of resilience were predicted by male gender, higher perceptions of current ability to manage stress, and higher levels of self-compassion.

Conclusion:

Incorporating knowledge and skills to support the growth of self-compassion in prerequisite courses taken just prior to nursing program entry may help students to reduce perceived stress and support resilience.
Does Virtual Interviewing Provide the Information for a Satisfactory Rank Decision?
Authors: Gotewal Simi , Feng Sing-Yi , Bansal Bharati Beatrix Chandra , Nesiama Jo-Ann
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The primary aim of this study was to determine whether current fellows and program directors in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) were satisfied with virtual interviewing (VI) in terms of their respective matches. The secondary goal was to assess areas in which the virtual interview process could be improved.

Methods:

After institutional review was obtained, fellow surveys were piloted to non-PEM fellows to solicit feedback. Surveys were distributed via the PEM Survey committee from September 18, 2023, to November 13, 2023. There were 2 separate surveys: one for PEM program directors (PDs) and another for PEM fellows. The first survey targeted PEM fellows who matched in interview cycles from 2020 to 2022; it evaluated VI accuracy in representing program attributes and assessed the effectiveness of specific interview components. The second survey was for PEM PDs and explored the types of interview components employed and the evolution of the VI process. Both surveys gauged overall satisfaction with the VI process regarding their matches and preference for interview modality (VI vs in-person vs hybrid).

Results:

A response rate of 25% (n = 56) from fellows and 44% (n = 40) from PDs were obtained. Three-quarters (75%) of fellows were satisfied or highly satisfied with the information obtained via the virtual interview in terms of being able to accurately assess their program. PD satisfaction trended upward from 2020 to 2022 regarding virtual interviewing. Sixty-four percent of fellows, compared to 72% of PDs believed that their in-person experience aligned well or very well with the perception they obtained via virtual interviewing.

Conclusions:

Despite high satisfaction rates with the VI regarding matches and strong alignment of perception obtained via VI with in-person assessment during fellowship, both PDs and fellows continue to prefer a form of hybrid interviews. Our study provides valuable insights for guiding recommendations in future implementations of VI.