bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Self-Sustaining System by Integration of AI and IoT
Authors: Sharma Durgesh M. , Venkatramulu S. , Raja M. Arun Manicka , Vikram G. , Alagappan Chockalingam , Boopathi Sampath
Published: April 2024

This chapter explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IoT) technologies in autonomous systems. AI plays a crucial role in decision-making, predictive analytics, and adaptive learning, while IoT's sensor networks enable real-time data acquisition, communication, and control mechanisms. The integration of AI and IoT is explored across sectors like predictive maintenance, smart city infrastructure, healthcare, and industrial automation. However, challenges such as increasing reliance on edge computing, enhancing AI efficiency, stringent data security measures, and ethical considerations are highlighted. The chapter emphasizes the need for resilient, secure, and ethical advancements in technology to harness the potential of AI-infused autonomous systems and IoT technologies.
Intelligent Conservation
Authors: Dwivedi Dwijendra Nath , Mahanty Ghanashyama , Dwivedi Varunendra nath
Published: April 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerges as a potent ally in augmenting environmental monitoring and fortifying conservation efforts. Now we have seen escalating environmental challenges and the need for sustainable conservation practices. This paper outlines the innovative applications and transformative potential of AI in managing the complexities of ecological preservation and monitoring. AI facilitates the real-time processing and interpretation of voluminous environmental data. It helps in informed decision-making and strategic planning in conservation initiatives. The employment of AI-driven models and technologies such as machine learning algorithms, computer vision and sensor networks has proven instrumental in monitoring biodiversity. AI plays a pivotal role in enabling precision conservation by facilitating the identification and prioritization of critical areas requiring immediate intervention. AI contributes to the development of smart and adaptive environmental monitoring systems capable of autonomously tracking and analysing disturbances and human encroachments.
IoT-Driven Water Management Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture in the Age of Autonomy
Authors: Babu C. V. Suresh , Subha Sree  , Prahadeesh V. , Adams Simeon Rohith , Prem Kumar S.
Published: April 2024

This chapter discusses the critical role of internet of things (IoT) technology in addressing the water management challenges faced by the agriculture sector. It explores the application of Embedded SIM (E-SIM) technology in an autonomous agricultural context and its impact on enhancing sustainable food production. The chapter delves into the potential of IoT technology to revolutionise agriculture, addressing issues of water scarcity, crop yield, and environmental sustainability. It also emphasises the need for effective policies, international cooperation, and public awareness campaigns to create a harmonious balance between agricultural development and responsible water stewardship.
Multiagent-Based Manufacturing
Authors: Kamta Hritik , Sharma Somesh Kumar
Published: April 2024

Multi-agent-based manufacturing (MABM) is a cutting-edge system that harnesses autonomous agents to boost modern production processes. By combining decentralization, adaptation, and cooperation MABM enables the rapid development of customized goods, shortened lead times, and minimized waste. The system effectively optimizes energy use and environmental impact, critical for succeeding in today's data-driven manufacturing world. It incorporates multiple agent kinds and coordination methodologies, delivering features such as autonomy, scalability, and decision-making in real-time. While MABM has found applications in many sectors, its greatest influence is envisaged in high-tech manufacturing, where it improves resource allocation, quality control, and supply chain management. Despite its advantages, MABM also has disadvantages, such as limited predictability and control. As the technology improves, it is poised to transform manufacturing, providing autonomous and flexible production, effective management of supply chains, and increased sustainability and regulatory compliance.
Water Quality Management Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Aoueileyine Mohamed Ould-Elhassen , Hamzaoui Mahdi , Bouallegue Ridha
Published: April 2024

Water quality is a critical factor in aquaculture, significantly influencing fish farming management. However, managing water quality in this context is a complex task due to the non-linearity, dynamics, and non-stability of its parameters. Traditional methods used to assess water quality for fish farming often prove ineffective. Consequently, the integration of technology becomes essential, with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques offering promising solutions. This chapter proposes a novel hybrid model called DTKNN+, which combines the decision tree with k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm. Several ML techniques were employed to develop this innovative approach. The objective was to enhance the accuracy and performance of water quality assessment in aquaculture. The experimental results presented in this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the DTKNN+ model compared to the conventional KNN algorithm. The DTKNN+ model achieved an impressive accuracy score of 99.28%, surpassing the performance of the KNN model.
Cloud Robotics and Automation
Authors: Hegde SandeepKumar , Hegde Rajalaxmi , Murugan Thangavel
Published: April 2024

Cloud robotics is currently regarded as one of the cutting-edge research areas within the mainstream automation and artificial intelligence fields. The new machine-to-cloud communication will increase the productivity and efficiency of industrial robots. For decades, automated devices have been developing and affecting practically every element of life. Cloud computing and associated technologies have a great deal of potential to get around hardware limitations and boost performance. This study emphasises the developments in robotic technology with a particular focus on cloud-based automation as a new development. Unexpected effects of robotic technologies on human life have been seen. This chapter discusses the fundamental ideas, the creation process, and the general architecture of cloud robotics in order to explore the potential of clouds for improving robotics for industrial systems. Finally, it examines how useful cloud robotic systems might be in various real-world scenarios.
Application of Swarm Robotics in Supply Chain and Logistics
Authors: K. Rakshith , N. K. Shreeraj , Mohammed Shifan , Gatti Rathishchandra Ramachandra
Published: April 2024

The advent of swarm robotics in supply chain and logistics marks a transformative shift in how these critical industries operate. This chapter explores the integration of swarm robotics into supply chain management and logistics, highlighting the paradigm shift from conventional methods to more efficient, automated systems. The chapter begins by defining swarm robotics, emphasising its characteristics such as decentralisation of control, scalability, and robustness. It then delves into the specific applications of these robotic systems in various aspects of supply chain and logistics. The chapter illustrates how swarm robotics revolutionises inventory management and warehousing procedures by enabling automated storage, retrieval, and sorting processes. The chapter also discusses the role of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and IoT in augmenting the capabilities of swarm robotic systems. The chapter addresses the challenges and limitations of implementing swarm robotics in the supply chain and logistics sectors. By optimising routes and reducing redundant processes, these systems significantly lower energy consumption and carbon emissions, contributing to environmentally sustainable operations.
Application of Cloud Robotics in Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Raj E. Fantin Irudaya , Mahadevan Balaji , Subathira N. Pon , Darwin S.
Published: April 2024

Cloud robotics has emerged as a transformative technology in the realm of autonomous vehicles, presenting a paradigm shift in the way these vehicles perceive, navigate, and make decisions. The chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the key components, advantages, and challenges of integrating cloud robotics into autonomous vehicles. Cloud robotics leverages the power of real-time data processing, machine learning, and scalability. It enhances the safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of autonomous vehicles. However, it also introduces challenges, such as latency, security, and connectivity, which demand innovative solutions. The chapter also discusses the application of advanced technologies in decision-making, model training, adaptability, and the learning process. It also addresses the regulatory and ethical considerations surrounding autonomous vehicles, examining government regulations and the broader societal implications of this technology.
Agricultural Automation Using Cloud Robotics
Authors: Fantin Irudaya Raj E. , Francy Irudaya Rani E. , Sweetline Jenita C. , Winstor Jebakumar V. S.
Published: April 2024

Agriculture, as a critical sector in the global economy, faces increasing challenges such as growing demand for food, limited resources, and the need for sustainability. The integration of automation technologies and cloud robotics in agriculture has emerged as a transformative solution to address these challenges. The chapter introduces and elucidates how it leverages cloud computing and data analytics to bring efficiency, scalability, and intelligence to the agricultural landscape. Several case studies are presented to illustrate real-world applications of cloud robotics in diverse farming settings, highlighting their impact on resource management, crop yield optimization, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the chapter identifies the hurdles and barriers hindering the widespread adoption of cloud robotics in agriculture, including cost, connectivity, and data security concerns, and offers potential solutions to overcome these challenges.
A Machine Learning Approach Towards Yoga Exercise Classification for Pain Recovery
Authors: Ghosh Ahona , Saha Sriparna , Sarkar Indranil
Published: April 2024

Due to the sedentary life of people, back pain is a common problem in young individuals as well as for elderly persons. To prevent it, or reduce it, back stretch exercises are often prescribed by physicians, and an automated feedback system for these rehabilitative sessions can help individuals achieve their target more flexibly and efficiently. The current chapter proposes a machine-learning approach to classify different yoga exercises for back pain recovery using a Kinect sensor. In front of the sensor, subjects are asked to perform six back stretch exercises: Mermaid, seated, sumo, towel, wall, and Y. Features are then extracted based on the distance and angle between body joints from the skeletons generated by that sensor. Finally, the exercises are recognized through a hyperparameter-tuned random forest with 97.8% accuracy. The classifiers' effectiveness in classifying exercises is reliably assessed in real-time and outperforms its competitors in the related domain.
Advanced AI Applications for Drug Discovery
Authors: Yingngam Bancha , Sethabouppha Benjabhorn
Published: April 2024

Addressing the critical challenge of lengthy and costly drug development, this chapter illuminates the transformative role of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) in drug discovery. It aims to dissect the impact of AI methodologies in streamlining these traditionally complex processes. This chapter begins by highlighting the inefficiencies of conventional drug discovery methods, emphasizing their resource-intensive nature. An in-depth discussion of how AI technologies are revolutionizing the identification of novel drug targets, optimizing the molecular structures of drug candidates, and accurately predicting drug efficacy and toxicity is needed. This exploration underscores AI's dual advantages: significantly reducing drug development timelines and expenses while simultaneously enhancing the precision of predictions, leading to safer and more effective drugs. This chapter concludes with a vision of a future where AI-driven methods are fully integrated with personalized medicine and genomics, signaling the onset of a new era in healthcare and therapeutic innovation.
Advances in Health With the Help of Explainable AI
Authors: Shah Imdad Ali , Murugesan Raja Kumar , Ashraf Humaira
Published: April 2024

The primary object of this chapter is to discuss the morals and difficulties we would face while dealing with the unprecedented situation of another sentient coexisting on Earth with us and focus on explainable AI tools and frameworks to comprehend better and analyze the predictions that machine learning models can make. Develop AI systems and inclusive from the bottom up using tools that can help identify and fix bias, drift, and other data and model deficiencies. Data scientists may modify datasets or model designs and debug model performance using AI Explanations in Auto ML Tables, Vertex AI predictions, and Notebooks. Users gain confidence and improve transparency and ease of understanding of the patterns identified in the data represented by the machine learning model by explanation. Simplify training and evaluation monitoring to better control and manage machine learning models within the company. It tracks a few of the predictions made by the models for Vertex AI. It tracks some of the forecasts our models provide on Vertex AI. As a result of technological advancements, AI is starting to play a more significant role in the healthcare industry. However, substantial drawbacks in this area prevent AI from incorporating into the existing healthcare systems. Artificial intelligence (AI) works in a “black box,” making it difficult to grasp the model's inner workings due to its complexity. As a result, specialists need in the healthcare industry to understand how AI generates results. Additionally, the authors focus specifically on one of the difficulties the humanities will face in coexisting with AI: the effects of AI decisions that no human can comprehend and its advances in healthcare applications across a more comprehensive-broader range of clinical queries.
IoT-Integrated Architecture for Prompt Heart Disease Identification
Authors: Lavanya P. , Shubha  , Baa Roshan , Vinoth M. , Das Saptorshi , Sakhare Nitin N. , Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: April 2024

The chapter explores the novel convergence of IoT and healthcare to tackle the urgent worldwide issue of cardiovascular illnesses. It becomes clear that this is an advanced framework with a user-cantered approach intended for the earlier diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular infections. In order to enable real-time data gathering and analytics, the chapter offers a thorough examination of how wearable technology, fitness tracking sensors, and cloud computation are integrated. The approach presented by the author utilises ML algorithms and advanced data analysis to provide predictive modelling in the earlier identification of cardiovascular risk factors. It illustrates the observable progress in early illness detection via case studies. In order to provide smooth communication between healthcare practitioners and equipment, this chapter promotes a linked health ecosystem.
Healthcare 4.0
Authors: Sial Quratulain , Fateh Sana , Jhanjhi N. Z. A. , Laraib Areeba
Published: April 2024

The primary objective of this chapter is to explore Healthcare 4.0 and rural health issues and challenges. In the last few years, many scholars and researchers worldwide have been interested in Healthcare 4.0, the fourth revolution in healthcare. The traditional approach to healthcare is primarily based on delivering medical services through a system of hospitals and private clinics. Several factors, including the qualifications of healthcare practitioners, medical clinics, and the availability of the latest technology, determine healthcare quality. Healthcare digitization can improve the quality and adaptability of public systems. Open data on health, treatment, complications, and recent scientific advances are available. Diagnostic service providers are more relaxed and available, especially in low-income countries. However, many difficulties surrounding digital health technologies, such as reliability, security, testing, and ethical considerations, still need to be solved. Diagnosis, consultation, and treatment of patients can benefit from digital platforms. However, the lack of official laws and advice makes it difficult for stakeholders, businesses, and public organizations to validate and approve emerging digital health solutions. Blockchains and the Internet of Things (IoT) are enabling technologies that provide better data integrity assurances and enhanced patient health monitoring for contemporary healthcare applications. However, connectivity dependability might be a problem in rural areas, which limits the amount of real-time data that can be used. Additionally, IoT sensors may be unable to directly participate in blockchain transactions due to their limited computational and communication capabilities, lowering confidence. Individuals in rural locations have distinct healthcare demands compared to those in urban regions, and rural communities frequently lack access to healthcare. Our study provides recommendations and solutions for related academics and healthcare.
Advancing PD Diagnosis
Authors: Gupta Ayush , Porus Selukash , Sasikala R.
Published: April 2024

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurological disorder characterized by a range of motor and non-motor symptoms due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Diagnosing PD is a complex process that relies on clinical assessments, as there are no definitive biomarkers. However, the advent of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques has shown promising advancements in the early detection and diagnosis of PD. This chapter reviews recent studies that apply various ML and DL models to PD detection, discussing the methodologies, datasets, and results. Researchers have leveraged these models to improve diagnostic accuracy, prognosticate disease progression, and predict patient health outcomes under medication. This synthesis of literature provides valuable insights into the state-of-the-art ML applications in PD and explores their significance in the medical field for enhancing patient care.
Integration of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Medical and Healthcare Education
Authors: B. Santhosh , K. Viswanath
Published: April 2024

This abstract investigates the replacement of the old educational philosophy of one size fits all with systems such as individualized learning in the rise of technology. The personalized learning philosophy introduced in a student-cantered element is the exceptional approach to a vibrant and adventurous environment for every student through the ultimate expression of attention to the curriculum, progression, and resources. At the same time, intelligent technologies powered by machine learning algorithms evaluate the learning environment by establishing an enhanced cycle of learning that allows them to review the learners' performance data and adjust the learning routes dynamically. Advanced systems also function by providing a scaffold, immediate appraisal, and adaptation; the learning environment is extremely receptive and adaptable for learners. With the context of individual users and multiple learning styles, the intelligent technologies concept uses the definitive access to data-driven insights in education to cooperate as a unit in designing high-level learning experiences for all and maximizing all learners' potential. This abstract collaborates to apply the two concepts in transforming the old to the new education paradigms and experience of new learners in the digital era.
Revisiting Oral Corrective Feedback in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Bui Hung Phu , Vo Thanh Huynh
Published: April 2024

Corrective feedback is acknowledged with a growing research interest in the second language acquisition literature. In the classroom, the teacher's and peer's oral corrective feedback (OCF) can be used to modify students' language and facilitate language learning. From the existing debates in the literature, the authors argue that corrective feedback should be broadly defined as the use of language and artifacts not only to correct language inaccuracies but also to signal unacceptable instances and/or suggest alternatives. To provide effective OCF, the teacher might need to consider the appropriateness of OCF types of strategies for the context, learners' age and preferences, and probably the relationship between the feedback provider and receiver. Finally, directions for further studies are discussed. Driven by a desire to provide updated literature regarding OCF, this chapter can be a reference for students, teachers, and novice researchers.
Teaching English Literature in the Vietnamese EFL Context
Authors: Vo Lien-Huong , Cao Thanh-Hai L.
Published: April 2024

This chapter is intended as an academic paper that proposes an integrated model of teaching English literature in the EFL courses at higher education level in Vietnam. The chapter begins with an overview of the importance of literature in language teaching and the teaching of English literature in Vietnam. It then presents a discussion of Carter and Long's models of teaching literature in language classes. These models are accompanied with discussion of the challenges EFL teachers encounter while teaching English literature in EFL contexts. The chapter ends with a proposal of an integrated model of teaching English literature in EFL classrooms with ideas and examples of material modification for classroom procedure and activities. The integrated model is expected to help develop students' language skills and proficiency, promote their higher-order thinking skills, and raise their (inter)cultural awareness.
The Role of Research in Applied Linguistics
Authors: Żammit Jacqueline
Published: April 2024

This chapter shows the importance of research in applied linguistics. The chapter defines applied linguistics and explains the crucial function of research in this field. This defines teaching methods, laws, and interpretations for acquiring a language through definition and description. It consists of a section that discusses research methodologies in the area and language acquisition including quantitative as well as qualitative methods. Moreover, the chapter explains how different approaches are used to assess language teaching and learning environments including education and other factors that influence human knowledge. Finally, the chapter underscores the role played by research in applied linguistics urging for more investigations to improve understanding of language in daily life contexts.
Enhancing Student Learning, Engagement, and Employment Through Inclusive Curriculum Design
Authors: Gill Sukhpal Singh , Naeem Usman , Kaur Rupinder , Fuller Stephanie , Tombros Anastasios , Uhlig Steve
Published: April 2024

The diverse student body at Queen Mary University of London requires an effective approach to ensure equal opportunity in higher education. This includes promoting equality, inclusion, equity, and access to services. To address this, the authors present a case study about a redesigned cloud computing module to enhance student engagement, employability, and intercultural learning. The module's learning outcomes are based on the students' graduate attributes and cross-disciplinary abilities, as defined by professional frameworks. To support equal opportunity and facilitate multicultural growth, they have updated the education and learning model to include innovative teaching methods and materials for efficient curriculum delivery. This study establishes the foundation for an action research review of cloud computing that aims to create an inclusive curriculum.
English Teacher Motivation, Satisfaction, and Leadership in TNHE Private Universities
Authors: Zhang Ji , Ma Xuan
Published: April 2024

The study under discussion aims to delve into the employment motivation of language teachers in transnational higher education (TNHE) private universities within China. It draws on previous case studies for inspiration, namely the work of Morris and Morris and Mo. Using an exploratory case study methodology coupled with in-depth interviews, the research delves into the career motivations of three educators working in TNHE private universities. The findings indicate that these English instructors are driven by a variety of extrinsic factors when choosing to work at TNHE private universities.
IIoT Protocols for Edge/Fog and Cloud Computing in Industrial AI
Authors: Sarasola Telmo Fernández De Barrena , García Ander , Ferrando Juan Luis
Published: April 2024

Various industrial applications deal with high-frequency data. Traditionally, these systems have analyzed high-frequency data directly on the data source or at the commanding PLC. However, currently, Industry 4.0 technologies support new monitoring scenarios for high-frequency data monitoring where raw data is transmitted in soft-real time to an Edge/Fog or Cloud node for processing, enabling centralized computing. This demands efficient communication protocols capable of handling high-frequency, high-throughput data. This paper focuses on analyzing the performance of key IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) messaging protocols—AMQP, MQTT, KAFKA, ZeroMQ, and OPCUA—to evaluate their suitability, in terms of latency and jitter, for transmitting high-frequency data within these new scenarios. The analysis reveals MQTT, AMQP, and ZeroMQ as top performers in Edge/Fog computing, while ZeroMQ exhibits the lowest latency and jitter in Cloud computing. Finally, a guideline for protocol selection is proposed, aiding industrial enterprises in protocol selection for specific AI use cases.
Machine Learning for Depression Detection on Web and Social Media
Authors: Gan Lin , Guo Yingqi , Yang Tao
Published: April 2024

Depression, a significant psychiatric disorder, affects individuals' physical well-being and daily functioning. This focused analysis provides a comprehensive exploration of contemporary research conducted between 2012 and 2023 that delves into the utilization of sophisticated machine learning methodologies aimed at identifying correlates of depression within social media content. Our study meticulously dissects various data sources and performs a comprehensive examination of different machine learning algorithms cited in the researched articles and literature, aiming to pinpoint an approach that can enhance detection accuracy. Furthermore, we have scrutinized the use of varied data from social media platforms and pinpointed emerging trends, notably spotlighting novel applications of artificial neural networks for image processing and classification, along with advanced gait image models. Our results offer essential direction for future research focused on enhancing detection precision, acting as a valuable reference for academic and industry scholars in this field.
Development of the Extrusion Based Food 3D Printer Machine by Modifying Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D Printer
Authors: Bestiara Fini , Saptaji Kushendarsyah , Dewi Tiara Kusuma , Triawan Farid , Ramadhan Anwar Ilmar , Azhari Azmir
Published: April 2024

The additive manufacturing (AM) technique is the method to objectify a design by adding the material layer-by-layer. AM for food 3D printing application is used to modify the process of food production in aspects of shape, color, flavor, texture, and nutrition. However, the price of food 3D printers available in the market is too high compared to the benefits they can provide. Addressing this issue, modifying the traditional fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer can be a cheaper alternative that offers more advantages for food production process. This study provides the modification of the FDM 3D printer, such as the designing, fabricating, and setting the new extrusion mechanism to develop the food 3D printer. The modifications are mainly in the extrusion mechanism where the printing material changes from filament into semi-fluid food material. The proposed food 3D printer then tested by printing two different using semi-fluid food materials, i.e., strawberry, and peanut jam. In addition, two different shapes, three different dimensions, and two travel speeds are being selected for the printing test, i.e., 40 and 60 mm/s. As a result, the FDM 3D printer was modified and converted successfully into a food 3D printer. Based on the printing outcomes, it was showed that the strawberry jam has a better surface finish than peanut jam due to its texture consistency. Moreover, the strawberry material also has a lower percentage of error particularly when printed at slower speed. This research is expected to contribute to the development of affordable food 3D printers in Indonesia.
Research on the Effect of Thermal Coating Temperature on the Fatigue Performance of Wind Turbine Blade Bolts
Authors: Wu Sheng Jun , Wei Hao , Xiong Gang , Feng Wei , Ban Hao
Published: April 2024

The bolted connection of wind turbine blades is a bridge for transmitting blade loads. In recent years, with the rapid increase in blade length, the fatigue load at the blade root has also been continuously increasing. The bolt fatigue strength has always been a bottleneck in the interface design between blade and wind turbine hub. However, industry standards still hold conservative values for the S/N curve of bolt fatigue, and there are unclear requirements for thermal coatings, The S/N curves provided by the standards in different periods do not meet the actual processing requirements of bolts. In order to study the effect of thermal coating temperature on the fatigue performance of threads and provide a reasonable basis for the subsequent design of long blade bolt connections. Based on the actual processing technology of bolts, experiments were conducted on the S/N fatigue curves of thermal coated bolts at different temperatures. The experimental results prove that the slope of the inclined part of the low-temperature Dacromet test data and the fatigue strength under 2 million cycles are significantly higher than normal temperature Dacromet coated bolts. Low temperature Dacromet can effectively improve the fatigue strength of bolts.
Evaluation of Taekwondo Poomsae movements using skeleton points
Authors: Fernando W.M.U. , Sandaruwan K.D. , Athapaththu A.M.K.B.
Published: April 2024

Taekwondo is a widely practised martial art and an Olympic sport. In Taekwondo, Poomsae movements are essential, as they form the foundation of the sport and are fundamental for success in competitions. The evaluation of Poomsae movements in Taekwondo has been a subjective process, relying heavily on human judgments. This study addresses the above issue by developing a systematic approach to evaluate Poomsae movements using computer vision. A long short-term memory-based (LSTM-based) machine learning (ML) model was developed and evaluated for its effectiveness in Poomsae movement evaluation. The study also aimed to develop this model as an assistant for self-evaluation, that enables Taekwondo players to enhance their skills at their own pace. For this study, a dataset was created specially by recording Poomsae movements of Taekwondo players from the University of Colombo. The technical infrastructure used to capture skeleton point data was cost-effective and easily replicable in other settings. Small video clips containing Taekwondo movements were recorded using a mobile phone camera and the skeleton point data was extracted using the MediaPipe Python library. The model was able to achieve 61% of accuracy when compared with the domain experts’ results. Overall, the study successfully achieved its objectives of defining a self-paced approach to evaluate Poomsae while overcoming human subjectivity otherwise unavoidable in manual evaluation processes. The feedback of domain experts was also considered to finetune the model for better performance.
Postmodernism - South Africa’s "third force" - subverting the dominant power equations
Authors: Bottomley John
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
Controversy in the educational development of the black people of Mokwallo township, Vredefort district during the years of apartheid and segregation, 1920-1980
Authors: Van Eeden Elize , Motumi M.K.
Published: April 2024

Sepheo Kgolo ka phatlalatso ena ke ho lokodisa tshitisa e tlisitsweng ke dikgohlano pakeng tsa dikereke tse fapaneg ntshetsopeleng ya thuto ya baBatsho motseng wa Mokwallo. Phatlalatso e tla boela e totobatsa tshwaetso ya mmuso wa nako eo, haholo ntlha kemo Ie leano la ana mabapi Ie thuto ya batho ba batsho. Ho tea mohlala, tshimolohong, thuto ya ba basweu e nele boikarabelo ba mmuso ka botlalo, athe thuto ya ba batsho jwalo ka motseng wa Mokwallo e simolotswe ke boitelo ba Kereke ya Wesele. Se bang pepeneneng ka phatlalatso ena, ke hare, ho ja mmuso 0 tlohile 0 tsheheditse thuto ya ba batsho motseng wa Mokwallo tshimolohong; mme Ie sekolo sa Mokwallo sa seke sa aparelwa ke dikgohlano pakeng tsa dikereke tse fapaneng ho fihlela lemong tsa bo 1950's, thuto ya ba batsho motseng wa Mokwallo mohlomong e ka be ntlafetse ho feta kamoo re e bonang ele kateng kajeno.
The diary of Susarha Nel and her ordeal in the 'death camp' at Mafeking, July 1901-August 1902
Authors: Bottomley John , Luijks Carla
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
The Botswana - Namibia boundary dispute. Towards a diplomatic solution or military confrontation?
Authors: Ie Roux C.J.B.
Published: April 2024

Die regerings van Botswana and Namibië is tans in 'n dispuut gewikkel oor die twee klein rivier-eilande van Sedudu (bekend as Kasikili onder die Namibiërs) en Situngu (bekend as Luyondo, Singobeka, Mbala of Zoti onder die Namibiërs). Die dispuut oor Sedudu-eiland dien tans voor die wêreldhof in Den Haag, terwyl Situngu-eiland die onderwerp is van 'n gesamentlike tegniese komitee bestaande uit verteeenwoordigers van die twee regerings. Daar is min hoop dat die tegniese komitee 'n oplossing sal vind. Daar is ook 'n groeiende vrees dat, met die sterk emosionele en nasionale sentimente wat daar rondom die dispuut bestaan, die moontlikheid van 'n grenskonflik tussen die twee lande in die nabye toekoms nie uitgesluit kan word nie. Daar is politieke waarnemers wat Botswana se versnelde bewapeningsprogram selfs direk met die dispuut verbind. In 1996 is dit in die pers gerapporteer dat die Botswana regering aan die onderhandel was vir die aankoop van dertien Kanadees-vervaardigde F-5 vegterbombwerpers vir die Botswana weermag teen 'n koste van $50 miljoen. Volgens ander berigte was Botswana blykbaar oak in die mark vir die aankoop van vyftig tweedehandse Duitse "Leopard II" tenks, ses en dertig Britse "Scorpion" tenks, 200 troepedraers en 'n onbekende hoeveelheid artillerie stukke teen beraamde fatale koste van sowat $63 miljoen. Botswana se verdedigingsbegroting het skerp toegeneem vanaf P243.5 miljoen (Pula) in 1989/1990 tot P625 miljoen (ongeveer R833 miljoen) in 1995. Die doel van die artikel is om Botswana se versnelde bewapeningsprogram te ontleed teen die agtergrond van die eiland-dispuut in die Kaprivi en die voorneme van die Namibiese regering om groat hoeveelhede water deur middel van 'n reuse pylyn uit die Okavango-rivier naby Rundu te onttrek. Laasgenoemde projek hou 'n ernstige bedreiging in vir Botswana se ekonomiese lewe in die algemeen.
Strewe na 'n "volkstaat": Die prekoloniale posisie van die Rehoboth-Basters in Namibië, 1868-1884
Authors: Oosthuizen Gerhard
Published: April 2024

The people of mixed ancestry who came into being in the North Western Cape in the course of the eighteenth century and later known as the Rehoboth Basters, left the Cape Colony in 1868 and in 1870 settled at Rehoboth and environment, in the area later to be known as German South West Africa. Their pre-colonial settlement (1868-1884) was characterized by fruitless attempts to obtain the Rehoboth region as a permanent residential area and to maintain neutrality in the midst of the renewed Herero-Nama-Oorlam conflict. With the conclusion of the Baster-German Friendship and Protection Treaty of 15 September 1885, de jure recognition was at last granted to the ideal of a national state of the Rehoboth Basters, a settlement which, in terms of modern South African political jargon, may be called a "volkstaat" - this time not for white Afrikaners, but for their coloured kith and kin.
The City of Arches
Authors: Brooks David
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
Fact and fiction: Representations of the South African War in Afrikaans history writing and literature
Authors: Du Pisani Kobus
Published: April 2024

Beide feit en fiksie was nog altyd komponente van geskiedskrywing. In die onlangse verlede het postmodernistiese idees die vreedsame naasbestaan tussen feit en fiksie in geskiedskrywing versteur deur die onderskeid tussen die twee te probeer ophef, waarheidsaansprake deur historici te bevraagteken en die bestaansreg van geskiedenis as 'n wetenskap in twyfel te trek. Sommige historici het afwysend hierop reageer, maar ander het dit as 'n uitdaging gesien. 'n Groeiende besef het onder historici posgevat dat die soeke na historiese waarheid bevorder kan word deur aan sowel feit as fiksie hul regmatige plek in die geskiedskrywing te verleen. In Afrikaanse intellektuele kringe was daar ook in die afgelope paar jaar indringende besinning oor hoe die veflede hanteer moet word In literêre tekste was daar, onder postmodernistiese invloed, toenemende bemoeienis met die verlede. Die idee dat daar geen essensiële verskil tussen fiksie en geskiedskrywing is nie en dat die romanskrywer 'n geskiedskrywer kan word, het veld gewen. Klein narratiewe het die korrektheid van die historiese metanarratief, dit is die tradisionele historiografiese beskouings, bevraagteken. Daar is sprake van 'n "herverbeelding" en 'n "heronderhandeling" van die verlede. Historici is uiteraard skepties oor die "oortreding" van letterkundiges op hulle terrein. Interaksie tussen Afrikaanse fiksie- en geskiedskrywers open nietemin interessante nuwe moontlikhede vir die interpretasie van die verlede. In hierdie artikel word enkele resente literêre tekste en geskiedeniswerke, wat die Anglo-Boereoorlog as tema het, ontleed om vas te stel hoe sodanige interaksie ontwikkel en wat die implikasies daarvan is. Dit is duidelik dat veranderde omstandighede in Suid-Afrika sienings in Afrikanergeledere oor die Anglo-Boereoorlog sterk beïnvloed het. Trouens, die hervertolking van die Anglo-Boereoodog gaan vir die Afrikaner in die eerste plek oor die herdefiniëring van die self in die huidige. Dit hou in 'n groot mate verband met die hedendaagse Afrikaner, 'n eeu na die oorlog, se soeke na 'n nuwe selfbeeld/kulturele identiteit in 'n meer inklusiewe samelewing.
Natal's Indians, the Empire and the South African War, 1899-1902
Authors: Vayed Goolam
Published: April 2024

Most early scholars of the South African War focussed almost entirely on the struggle between Afrikaner nationalism and British imperialism in which the role of Blacks was seen as irrelevant. By focussing on Indians, a little-studied group, this micro-study will contribute to the ongoing process of providing a more complete picture of the war years. It seeks to address why Indians, who were subject to oppression by English-speaking whites, volunteered on the side of Britain, the active and non-combatant roles they played in the war, the losses they suffered and the impact of the Indian role to the overall situation. Indians were clearly divided along class lines and these divisions were perpetuated during the war in terms of the manner in which Indians were recruited, their role in the war and their treatment at the conclusion of the war. Indians supported the British because India was part of the British empire and they felt that this would give them added leverage in their dealings with the British imperial authorities. The undisguised hostility of the Boer Republics towards them also influenced their decision. Under Gandhi's prodding, Indians contributed financially and also formed an ambulance bearer corps, which served between December 1899 and March 1900 under extremely difficult conditions. A grossly understudied area is the plight of Indian refugees from areas of Indian concentration such as Johannesburg, Pretoria, Newcastle, Ladysmith, Dundee, Colenso and Kimberley. Most refugees sought refuge with friends and family in Natal even though the Natal Government tried to prevent them coming. The invading Boers had no clear policy on what to do with Indians in Northern Natal. In most cases they arrested Indians for several weeks but then released them. Boers also used Indians as cooks and cleaners. Indian traders suffered heavy losses as their shops were looted by the invading Boers as well as by British soldiers and ordinary Indian, white and African civilians. The DTC failed to assist the 4 000 Indian refugees in Durban. Durban's Indians had to feed, clothe and support Indian refugees. While Gandhi and the NIC chose to be loyal instead of exploiting the space created by the war to challenge the Government, their loyalty went unrewarded. The Governments of Natal and Transvaal imposed further anti-Indian legislation and the position of Indians deteriorated in the post-war years as the foundation was laid for a modern South Africa based on white racial supremacy. Indians became part of a South Africa whose destiny was shaped by the war. The shapers of this new South Africa were Boer leaders like Botha and Smuts who remembered all too well that Indians had sided with the British.
From Apartheid to Development: Science Policy and the Politics of Race in South Africa
Authors: Furlong Patrick , Ball Karen
Published: April 2024

Toe die ANC aan die bewind gekom het, het hulle 'n nuwe wetenskapsbeleid aangekondig wat verbind is tot gemeenskaplike ontwikkeling. Voorstanders het beswaar gemaak dat navorsing voorheen voortgedryf is deur blanke belange, vermom as "objektiewe" wetenskap, en dat dit net blanke voorregte, rassediskriminasie en etniese skeiding bevorder het. Hierdie artikel beweer dat die waarheid egter meer gekompliseerd is. Alhoewel party wetenskaplikes moontlik wel in bewindsverbonde velde gewerk het en in die eerste dekades van die eeu rassistiese teorieë bevorder het wat die opkoms van apartheid bevorder het, het die meeste wetenskaplikes in die apartheidsjare hulle werk as "apolities" beskou. Teen 1994 het die Suid-Afrjkaanse wetenskap ongetwyfeld heelwat probleme in die gesig gestaar, sommge wel voortspruitend uit die nalatenskap van apartheid. Maar die regering het nie gewoonlik navorsing uitsluitlik vir blankes bevorder nie. Die enkele opvallende voorbeelde van die misbruik van die wetenskap vir die doeleindes van die apartheidsregering was toenemend hoogs geheime projekte. Amptelike dokumente in die Botha- en post-apartheidsjare vertoon 'n verbasende bestendigheid aangaande die mees doeltreffende gebruik van beperkte staatshulpbronne, vir toegepaste eerder as suiwer navorsing, en tot voordeel van die hele gemeenskap, dikwels met spesiale verwysing na die lot van minderbevoorregte groepe. Die beleidsmakers onder die ou stelsel het reeds baie gemeende probleme in die wetenskapsbeleid erken, en baie haakplekke sal waarskynlik nog steeds voortduur - ook onder 'n meerderheidsregering.
A history of masculinities in South Africa: Context and parameters
Authors: Viney Ron
Published: April 2024

Die geskiedenis van manlikheid is 'n relatief nuwe genre waarin Suid-Afrikaanse academici begin beweeg. Geslagsidentiteit en identiteitsvorming het vanaf die 1980 wêreldwyd meer aandag begin geniet. ldentiteite word as belangrike faktore gesien in die vorming en instandhouding van gemeenskappe en kan die verloop van die geskiedenis net so veel as klas, ras, ouderdom, ens., beinvloed. Die doel is om 'n werkbare voorstel vir die skryf van 'n geskiedenis van manlikheid uiteen te sit. Om die doelstelling te bereik word daar kortliks gekyk na wat manlikheid, identiteit, vrouestudies, mansstudiesen geslagsstudies behels. Die geskiedenis van manlikheid handel oor identiteite en persepsies van wat dit is om 'n man te wees en wat die rol van so 'n identiteit in die samelewing is. Tradisionele geskiedenisse wat meestal deur mans geskryf is (asook die wat deur vrouens vir vrouegeskiedenis geskryf is) dui op neutrale geslagsidentiteite. Die doel van manlikheidsgeskiedenis is dus om die geslagsidentiteit uit te lig.
Season modulates endocrinological profiles and sex behavioural characteristics in indigenous male goats under tropical humid island ecosystem
Authors: Ponraj Perumal , Sunder Jai , De Arun Kumar , Alyethodi Rafeeque Rahman , Mishra Purna Chandra , Bhowmick Sneha , Bhattacharya Debasis
Published: April 2024

Objective:

To measure the seasonal effect on endocrinological profiles and sex behavioural profiles during rainy and dry summer seasons in male Andaman local goat in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.

Methods:

Ten adult male Andaman local goats were selected from the goat breeding farm, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Endocrinological profiles such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), cortisol and prolactin were analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Sex behavioural profiles such as libido score, mating ability score and sex behavioural score were measured during rainy and dry summer seasons in male Andaman local goat.

Results:

Endocrinological profiles as well as sex behavioural profiles differed significantly between rainy season and dry summer season (P<0.05). The levels of FSH, LH, testosterone, TSH, T3, and T4 were significantly higher in rainy season than in dry summer season whereas cortisol and prolactin were significantly higher in dry summer season than in rainy season (P<0.05). The ratio of T3:T4 was significantly higher in rainy season than in dry summer season. Similarly, libido score, mating ability score and sex behavioural score were significantly higher in rainy season than in dry summer season (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

Rainy season has significantly higher beneficial effects than summer season on reproduction and artificial breeding programmes in semi-intensive management of goat under the tropical humid island ecosystem in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Assisted Dying and Voluntary Euthanasia: Exploring Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions in a Tertiary Care Setting in South India
Authors: Kothari Ashutosh , Premarajan K. C. , Sethuramachandran Adinarayanan , Subramanian Sadhana
Published: April 2024

Background:

Globally, with the increased focus on palliative care of adding life to years, the need for the right to refuse and dignified death has also commenced.

Objective:

To explore the perceptions of doctors and nurses about performing assisted dying and voluntary euthanasia.

Methods and Material:

Participants were selected purposively to include nine health care professionals to attain information saturation.

Results:

The factors justifying euthanasia were the rights to choose or refuse and exclusive medical conditions. With limited medical insurance coverage, there is a thought that these factors might bring the idea of euthanasia amongst Indian people. Overall, though the healthcare professionals are not willing to perform euthanasia, they agreed to make assisted dying possible in the future but exclusively for terminally ill patients.

Conclusion:

It would be beneficial to standardise the terminology, have lawmakers re-examine Supreme Court of India rulings and consult medical and relevant experts on the unique situations of defining the terminally ill and what type of euthanasia may be considered.