bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functionalized calcium silicate nanofibers with hierarchical structure derived from oyster shells and their application in heavy metal ions removal
Authors: You Weijie , Hong Mingzhu , Zhang HaiFeng , Wu Qiuping , Zhuang Zanyong , Yu Yan
Published: May 2016

Inorganic hierarchical nanostructures have remarkable potential applications in environmental metal remediation; however, their applications usually suffer from low capacity, high cost, and difficulties in the recycling of adsorbents.
The application of inelastic neutron scattering to investigate the interaction of methyl propanoate with silica
Authors: McFarlane Andrew R. , Geller Hannah , Silverwood Ian P. , Cooper Richard I. , Watkin David J. , Parker Stewart F. , Winfield John M. , Lennon David
Published: May 2016

IR, INS, DFT, XRD and TPD are used to deduce how methyl propanoate interacts with a silica surface.
“XA6” octahedra influencing the arrangement of anionic groups and optical properties in inverse-perovskite [B6O10]XA3(X = Cl, Br; A = alkali metal)
Authors: Yang Zhihua , Lei Bing-Hua , Yang Bin , Pan Shilie
Published: May 2016

The distortion and volumes of XA6(X = Cl, Br; A = alkali metal) octahedra influence the symmetry broken and the arrangement of BO groups, which leads to different second harmonic generation responses in perovskite-type borates.
Low electron-polar optical phonon scattering as a fundamental aspect of carrier mobility in methylammonium lead halide CH3NH3PbI3perovskites
Authors: Filippetti A. , Mattoni A. , Caddeo C. , Saba M. I. , Delugas P.
Published: May 2016

Calculated mobility of CH3NH3PbI3in two temperature regions, characterized by the dominance of electron-acoustic phonon scattering (left) and electron-polar optical phonon scattering (right).
Highly-oriented molecular arrangements and enhanced magnetic interactions in thin films of CoTTDPz using PTCDA templates
Authors: Eguchi Keitaro , Nanjo Chihiro , Awaga Kunio , Tseng Hsiang-Han , Robaschik Peter , Heutz Sandrine
Published: May 2016

We found the templating effect of thin layers of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on the growth of cobalt tetrakis(thiadiazole)porphyrazine (CoTTDPz) thin films, which induced a significantly-enhanced antiferromagnetic interaction.
Thickness-induced structural phase transformation of layered gallium telluride
Authors: Zhao Q. , Wang T. , Miao Y. , Ma F. , Xie Y. , Ma X. , Gu Y. , Li J. , He J. , Chen B. , Xi S. , Xu L. , Zhen H. , Yin Z. , Li J. , Ren J. , Jie W.
Published: May 2016

We report a spontaneous phase transformation of GaTe, occurring when the bulk is exfoliated to a few layers. The results demonstrate the crucial role of interlayer interactions in the structural stability.
Fabrication of freestanding silk fibroin films containing Ag nanowires/NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocomposites with metal-enhanced fluorescence behavior
Authors: Zhao Bing , Qi Ning , Zhang Ke-Qin , Gong Xiao
Published: May 2016

Freestanding silk fibroin films containing Ag nanowires/NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocomposites with metal-enhanced fluorescence behavior are fabricated, which exhibit properties such as good optical transparency, conductivity and flexibility.
“Bottom-up” self-assembly and “cold crystallization” of butterfly shaped tetrabenzofluorene molecules
Authors: Sampath Srinivasan , Boopathi A. A. , Mandal A. B.
Published: May 2016

We report the unprecedented “cold crystallization” in polycyclic aromatic molecules and a unique “bottom-up” self-assembly process in butterfly-shaped molecules.
Hierarchically-structured porous materials: from basic understanding to applications
Authors: Hartmann Martin , Schwieger Wilhelm
Published: May 2016

Guest editors Martin Hartmann and Wilhelm Schwieger introduce the Hierarchically-structured Porous Materials: From Basic Understanding to Applications of Chemical Society Reviews
Hydroisomerization and hydrocracking activity enhancement of a hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst via atomic layer deposition of aluminium
Authors: Sree Sreeprasanth Pulinthanathu , Dendooven Jolien , Magusin Pieter C. M. M. , Thomas Karine , Gilson Jean-Pierre , Taulelle Francis , Detavernier Christophe , Martens Johan A.
Published: May 2016

A superior isomerization–hydrocracking catalyst was fabricated using atomic layer deposition of aluminium on a hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite.
Novel polyazamacrocyclic receptor decorated core–shell superparamagnetic microspheres for selective binding and magnetic enrichment of palladium: synthesis, adsorptive behavior and coordination mechanism
Authors: Wu Fengcheng , Ye Gang , Yi Rong , Sun Taoxiang , Xu Chao , Chen Jing
Published: May 2016

Novel core–shell superparamagnetic microspheres decorated with polyazamacrocyclic receptors for selective enrichment of palladium.
Iron(ii) β-ketiminate complexes as mediators of controlled radical polymerisation
Authors: Lake Benjamin R. M. , Shaver Michael P.
Published: May 2016

A series of novel iron(ii) β-ketiminate complexes have been prepared and screened in styrene and methyl methacrylate CRP.
Nitrogen-rich core/shell magnetic nanostructures for selective adsorption and separation of anionic dyes from aqueous solution
Authors: Chen Bo , Liu Yang , Chen Sijiang , Zhao Xuesong , Yue Wenli , Pan Xuejun
Published: May 2016

Novel core/shell nanostructured Fe3O4@NH2@PEI composites were successfully prepared and used to selectively adsorb and separate anionic dyes from a complex system.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk samples through iTRAQ labeling
Authors: Yang Mei , Cong Min , Peng Xiuming , Wu Junrui , Wu Rina , Liu Biao , Ye Wenhui , Yue Xiqing
Published: May 2016

Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins have many functions.
Extruded whole grain diets based on brown, soaked and germinated rice. Effects on the lipid profile and antioxidant status of growing Wistar rats. Part II
Authors: Albarracín Micaela , Weisstaub Adriana R. , Zuleta Angela , Drago Silvina R.
Published: May 2016

The influence of whole grain (WG) rice based diets on the lipid profile and antioxidant status was evaluated.
The impact of cooking methods on the nutritional quality and safety of chicken breaded nuggets
Authors: Gonçalves Albuquerque Tânia , Oliveira M. Beatriz P. P. , Sanches-Silva Ana , Cristina Bento Ana , Costa Helena S.
Published: May 2016

The impact of cooking methods (industrial pre-frying, deep-fat frying and baking) on the nutritional quality and safety of chicken breaded nugget samples from supermarket and commercial brands was evaluated.
Sustainable-solvent-induced polymorphism in chitin films
Authors: Ramírez-Wong D. G. , Ramírez-Cardona M. , Sánchez-Leija R. J. , Rugerio A. , Mauricio-Sánchez R. A. , Hernández-Landaverde M. A. , Carranza A. , Pojman J. A. , Garay-Tapia A. M. , Prokhorov E. , Mota-Morales J. D. , Luna-Bárcenas G.
Published: May 2016

We report a simple route to produce chitin films with different crystalline structures.
Identification of novel selective MMP-9 inhibitors as potential anti-metastatic lead using structure-based hierarchical virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Kalva Sukesh , Agrawal Nikhil , Skelton Adam A. , Saleena Lilly M.
Published: May 2016

In this study, a novel MMP-9 inhibitor was identified using structure-based pharmacophore modeling, cross docking, binding free energy and molecular dynamics simulation studies.
Copper transporters and chaperones CTR1, CTR2, ATOX1, and CCS as determinants of cisplatin sensitivity
Authors: Bompiani Kristin M. , Tsai Cheng-Yu , Achatz Felix P. , Liebig Janika K. , Howell Stephen B.
Published: May 2016

We used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to address whether copper transporters or chaperones CTR1, CTR2, ATOX1, and CCS mediate cisplatin sensitivity in human cells.
Conjugated polyelectrolyte nano field emission adlayers
Authors: Cole M. T. , Parmee R. J. , Kumar A. , Collins C. M. , Kang M. H. , Xiao J. , Cepek C. , Yuan X. , Milne W. I.
Published: May 2016

Here we report on a straightforward and rapid means of enhancing the field electron emission performance of nascent vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes by introducing a polar zwitterionic conjugated polyelectrolyte adlayer at the vacuum–emitter interface.
Scalable anti-Markovnikov hydrobromination of aliphatic and aromatic olefins
Authors: Galli Marzia , Fletcher Catherine J. , del Pozo Marc , Goldup Stephen M.
Published: May 2016

A simple synthesis of primary bromides from alkenes using HBr in AcOH and atmospheric oxygen as a radical initiator.
Solid-state emissive cyanostilbene based conjugated microporous polymers via cost-effective Knoevenagel polycondensation
Authors: Wei Yabo , Chen Weiben , Zhao Xiaoyu , Ding Sanyuan , Han Sheng , Chen Long
Published: May 2016

Solid-state emissive cyanostilbene-based conjugated porous polymers with different topological structure and photophysical properties were newly synthesized via cost-effective Knoevenagel polycondensation.
Synthesis of alternating D–A1–D–A2 terpolymers comprising two electron-deficient moieties, quinoxaline and benzothiadiazole units for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Keshtov M. L. , Khokhlov A. R. , Kuklin S. A. , Chen F. C. , Nikolaev A. Y. , Koukaras E. N. , Sharma G. D.
Published: May 2016

Two new regular (D–A1–D–A2) terpolymersP1andP2containing two electron-deficient moieties, quinoxaline and benzothiadiazole, were designed and synthesized.
Catalytic asymmetric α-amination of β-keto esters and β-keto amides with a chiral N,N′-dioxide–copper(i) complex
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Lin Lili , Lian Xiangjin , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: May 2016

The highly efficient asymmetric α-amination of β-keto esters and β-keto amides was realized by using a chiral N,N′-dioxide/Cu(i) complex. Under mild reaction conditions, a series of chiral α-amino dicarbonyl compounds were obtained in good result.
Submicron-to-nanoscale structure characterization and organization of crystals in dentin bioapatites
Authors: Toledano Manuel , Aguilera Fátima S. , Osorio Estrella , López-López Modesto T. , Cabello Inmaculada , Toledano-Osorio Manuel , Osorio Raquel
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to ascertain the crystal morphology and to assess the ultrastructure and texture changes of sound (SD) and caries-affected dentin (CAD) after being restored with Zn-free and Zn-containing amalgam.
Polyethylenimine incorporation into hydrogel nanomatrices for enhancing nanoparticle-assisted chemotherapy
Authors: Shirakura Teppei , Ray Aniruddha , Kopelman Raoul
Published: May 2016

Addition of polyethylenimine into drug loaded hydrogel nanoparticle leads to enhanced cellular uptake, better ability to control drug release and deliver drugs to the cytosol, while evading the endosomes.
NPred: QSAR classification model for identifying plant based naturally occurring anti-cancerous inhibitors
Authors: Dhiman Kanika , Agarwal Subhash Mohan
Published: May 2016

Prediction of naturally occurring plant based compounds as anticancer agents is the key to developing new chemical entities in the area of therapeutic oncology. A webserver for assessing anticancer potential of phytomolecules has been developed.
Humidity sensor fabricated by inkjet-printing photosensitive conductive inks PEDOT:PVMA on a paper substrate
Authors: Yuan Yan , Zhang Yulin , Liu Ren , Liu Jingcheng , Li Zhiquan , Liu Xiaoya
Published: May 2016

The printed PEDOT:PVMA could be cross-linked after photo-dimerisation of coumarin groups, leading to appreciable improvements in water resistance and sensor robustness, but also significant advances of the humidity response properties of the sensors.
Solvent-free aminocarbonylation of iodobenzene in the presence of SILP-palladium catalysts
Authors: Papp M. , Szabó P. , Srankó D. , Skoda-Földes R.
Published: May 2016

The recyclable palladium catalysts were used for selective mono- or double carbonylation under solvent-free conditions and in DMF, respectively.
Energy levels of metal porphyrins upon molecular alignment during layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly: scanning tunneling spectroscopy vis-à-vis optical spectroscopy
Authors: Kundu Biswajit , Chakrabarti Sudipto , Matsushita Michio M. , Pal Amlan J.
Published: May 2016

Energy levels of metal-porphyrins having an anisotropic magnetic moment respond when they are aligned on electrodes during the layer-by-layer adsorption process.
One-pot synthesis of highly mechanical and redox-degradable polyurethane hydrogels based on tetra-PEG and disulfide/thiol chemistry
Authors: Jia Haiyan , Huang Zhangjun , Li Zhao , Zheng Zhen , Wang Xinling
Published: May 2016

A series of tetra-PEG polyurethane hydrogels with tunable redox-degradability and a high compressive fracture strength has been synthesized by a one-pot method.
Gas collision for improving the precision and accuracy of11B/10B ratios determination in ICP-QMS and its application to determining wine provenance
Authors: Guo Wei , Wu Zhiwei , Hu Shenghong , Jin Lanlan , Qiu Keyu , Guo Qinghai , Gan Yiqun
Published: May 2016

Gas collision for improving the precision and accuracy of11B/10B ratios determination in ICP-QMS.
On the adhesion of hierarchical electrospun fibrous structures and prediction of their pull-off strength
Authors: Sahay Rahul , Parveen Hashina , Ranganath Anupama Sargur , Ganesh V. Anand , Baji Avinash
Published: May 2016

Fabrication of hierarchical PMMA fibrous structures through electrospinning and post AAO templating.
Mg2+ ion as a tuner for colorimetric sensing of glyphosate with improved sensitivity via the aggregation of 2-mercapto-5-nitrobenzimidazole capped silver nanoparticles
Authors: Rawat Karuna A. , Majithiya Rutuben P. , Rohit Jigneshkumar V. , Basu Hirakendu , Singhal Rakesh Kumar , Kailasa Suresh Kumar
Published: May 2016

The sensitivity of MNBZ-Ag NPs was greatly improved by integrating Mg2+ ion as trigger that can capture the glyphosate at nanomolar concentration with high selectivity.
Fabrication of tunable 3D graphene mesh network with enhanced electrical and thermal properties for high-rate aluminum-ion battery application
Authors: Yang G. Y. , Chen L. , Jiang P. , Guo Z. Y. , Wang W. , Liu Z. P.
Published: May 2016

Three-dimensional (3D) graphene networks are attracting ever-increasing attention in the field of energy storage because their unique architecture at macroscopic scales is beneficial for effective electron and ion transport.
An abnormal phase transition behavior in VO2 nanoparticles induced by an M1–M2–R process: two anomalous high (>68 °C) transition temperatures
Authors: Dong Bingrong , Shen Nan , Cao Chuanxiang , Chen Zhang , Luo Hongjie , Gao Yanfeng
Published: May 2016

Abnormal phase transition of VO2 nanoparticles was observed after high-temperature thermal treatment. A single phase transition temperature at 65.1 °C for the pristine VO2 nanoparticles split into two temperatures of approximately 74 °C and 84 °C.
Efficient dispersant-free liquid exfoliation down to the graphene-like state of solvent-free mechanochemically delaminated bulk hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Posudievsky Oleg Yu. , Khazieieva Oleksandra A. , Cherepanov Vsevolod V. , Dovbeshko Galina I. , Koshechko Vyacheslav G. , Pokhodenko Vitaly D.
Published: May 2016

Efficient dispersant-free liquid exfoliation down to the graphene-like state of solvent-free mechanochemically delaminated bulk hexagonal boron nitride was shown.
A new electrolyte with good compatibility to a lithium anode for non-aqueous Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Shi Yanqiong , Miao Rongrong , Li Lei , Yang Jun , Wang Jiulin , Nuli Yanna
Published: May 2016

The LiFSI/TEGDME-DX electrolyte shows dendrite-free lithium deposition, long Li cycle life, and wide electrochemical window, and is firstly proposed for rechargeable non-aqueous Li–O2 battery with an improved cycle performance.
Excellent capacitive deionization performance of meso-carbon microbeads
Authors: Chang Liang , Hu Yun Hang
Published: May 2016

Mesocarbon microbead material exhibited electrosorption capacity of 17.7 mg g−1 at 1.5 V, which is two times larger than that of commercial used activated carbon. Furthermore, MCMBs electrodes possess an excellent cycle stability.
Efficient inverted polymer solar cells employing an aqueous processing RbF cathode interfacial layer
Authors: Lin Fengyuan , Guo Xiaoyang , Hu Yongsheng , Li Yantao , Liu Xingyuan
Published: May 2016

For the first time, rubidium fluoride has been employed as a cathode interfacial layer in the inverted polymer solar cells.
Comparative DFT and DFT-D studies on structural, electronic, vibrational and absorption properties of crystalline ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Wu Qiong , Li Chuanlong , Tan Linghua , Hang Zusheng , Zhu Weihua
Published: May 2016

Pressure-induced rearrangement of the relative position of anions and cations in AP crystal.
Correction: Structure of a thermostable methionine adenosyltransferase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 reveals a novel fold of the flexible loop
Authors: Liu Yanhui , Wang Wenhe , Zhang Weiwei , Dong Yanan , Han Fengjiao , Raza Muslim , Liu Luo , Tan Tianwei , Feng Yue
Published: May 2016

Correction for ‘Structure of a thermostable methionine adenosyltransferase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 reveals a novel fold of the flexible loop’ by Yanhui Liu et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 41743–41750.
Student oriented approaches in the teaching of thermodynamics at universities – developing an effective course structure
Authors: Partanen Lauri
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to apply current pedagogical research in order to develop an effective course and exercise structure for a physical chemistry thermodynamics course intended for second or third year university students of chemistry. A mixed-method approach was used to measure the impact the changes had on student learning. In its final form in 2014, the course consisted of lectures following a broken lecture structure that incorporated different kinds of activating learning tasks, and a three-tiered exercise structure including qualitative and quantitative tasks with a large emphasis on collaborative problem-solving. The new lecture and exercise structures improved student learning as measured by students' exercise points, exam results, and, between 2013 and 2014, the results of a conceptual thermodynamics test the students took at the beginning and end of the course. Even though the new exercise structure increased students' motivation, positive affect and satisfaction with the course, in both 2013 and 2014, it was the interactive lecture structure that students reported to be the most beneficial part of the course. In light of these results, this study demonstrates the advantages on student learning of adopting a multifaceted approach to both lectures and exercises.
Hierarchical core/shell Janus-type α-Fe2O3/PEDOT nanoparticles for high performance flexible energy storage devices
Authors: Park Jin Wook , Na Wonjoo , Jang Jyongsik
Published: May 2016

A new class of hierarchical α-Fe2O3/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) core/shell Janus-type hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) was successfully synthesized using sonochemical, liquid–liquid diffusion-assisted crystallization, and vapor deposition polymerization methods.
Hierarchical mesoporous NiFe2O4 nanocone forest directly growing on carbon textile for high performance flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Zhang Cuiling , Chen Lin , Xi Yi , Hu Chenguo
Published: May 2016

The spinel phase hierarchical mesoporous NiFe2O4 nanocone forest growing on flexible CT can offer a large number of electrochemically active sites for redox reactions. This architecture provides an ultra large exposed surface for redox reactions, short lengths for electron transfer and clear channels for electrolyte diffusion.
The microfluidic synthesis of composite hollow microfibers for K+-responsive controlled release based on a host–guest system
Authors: Jiang Ming-Yue , Ju Xiao-Jie , Deng Ke , Fan Xiao-Xing , He Xiao-Heng , Wu Fang , He Fan , Liu Zhuang , Wang Wei , Xie Rui , Chu Liang-Yin
Published: May 2016

Composite PLGA hollow microfibers with K+-responsive controlled-release characteristics are developed for drug delivery.
Durable keratin-based bilayered electrospun mats for wound closure
Authors: Singaravelu Sivakumar , Ramanathan Giriprasath , Muthukumar Thangavelu , Raja M. D. , Nagiah Naveen , Thyagarajan Sitalakshmi , Aravinthan Adithan , P. Gunasekaran , Natarajan T. S. , V. N. Geetha Selva Gangai , Kim Jong-hoon , Sivagnanam Uma Tiruchirapalli
Published: May 2016

The fabricated bilayered nanofibrous scaffold has a high surface to volume ratio. It mimics the function of the extra cellular matrix with enhancedin vitrobiocompatibility andin vivowound closure.
MicroRNA-21 activation of Akt via PTEN is involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and malignant transformation of human keratinocytes induced by arsenite
Authors: Lu Xiaolin , Liu Yang , Luo Fei , Zhang Aihua , Liu Xinlu , Lu Lu , Shi Le , Li Jun , Xue Junchao , Xu Hui , Fan Weimin , Liu Qizhan
Published: May 2016

MicroRNAs are involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and malignant transformation of cells.
Two‐step mutual information‐based stereo matching
Authors: Heo Y.S.
Published: May 2016

A fast mutual information (MI) based stereo matching method is proposed that estimates the optimal intensity transfer function in a Bayesian framework. Previous MI‐based stereo matching methods require several iterations, where each iteration includes both data cost computation and global energy optimisation such as dynamic programming and graph‐cuts. These computations are redundant and time‐consuming. In this Letter, a fast two‐step MI‐based stereo matching method by combining local feature correspondences and global statistics constraints is proposed. Experimental results show that the method is fast, yet generates results comparable with the original MI‐based method.
CPRSD for LT codes
Authors: Yao Weiqing , Yi Benshun , Li Weizhong , Huang Taiqi , Xie Qiuying
Published: May 2016

Degree distribution has a great influence on the performance of Luby Transform (LT) codes. In this study, the authors study a new degree distribution for LT codes. First, improved Poisson distribution (IPD) is proposed by refining the PD. The successful decoding rate for IPD reaches more than 90% when the decoder receives less encoding symbols, while robust soliton distribution (RSD) performs better as received encoding symbols grow. Then they combine IPD and RSD by a parameter to derive the function of combined Poisson RSD (CPRSD). Moreover, the golden section algorithm is introduced to obtain the optimal parameter for CPRSD. The expected ripple size is employed to present the objective function for this algorithm, and their objective is to increase the mean of ripple size and reduce its variation at the same time. Simulation results show that when compared with RSD and other optimised degree distributions, the CPRSD achieves at least 20.1% (20.1%–30.4%) reduction in overhead, and saves 28%–46.2% consuming time per encoding/decoding process.
Joint source–channel coding for band‐limited backhauls in coordinated multi‐point systems
Authors: Zhou Fasheng , Du Minghui , Wang Yige , Luo Gaoyong
Published: May 2016

Coordinated multi‐point (CoMP) transmission has been considered in the 3GPP long‐term evolution advanced standard and beyond networks to improve the system throughput and coverage, particularly for cell‐edge users. However, in practice the global channel state information (CSI) required by the coordinated points is usually transmitted by the band‐limited backhauls, which degrades the performance of CoMP due to the erroneous backhaul transmission via the insufficient bandwidth. To address this problem, the authors propose a joint source–channel coding scheme for the backhaul transmission. They choose wavelet transform to compress the source CSI, and furthermore use irregular low‐density parity‐check codes to realise unequal error protection. They theoretically analyse how the joint coding affects the performance of CoMP. A trade‐off between the compression ratio and channel coding gain is given. The numerical results verify that the proposed scheme can improve the performance of CoMP with band‐limited backhauls.
Balancing three‐level neutral point clamped inverter DC bus using closed‐loop space vector modulation: real‐time implementation and investigation
Authors: Vahedi Hani , Labbe Philippe‐Alexandre , Al‐Haddad Kamal
Published: May 2016

In this study, a real‐time controller implementing closed‐loop space vector modulation (CLSVM) technique combined with DC bus voltage control is applied on a three‐phase four‐wire three‐level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter to be used in sustainable energy conversion systems with higher efficiency and lower switching frequency than conventional two‐level inverters. The redundant switching states of CLSVM is dictated based on the voltage feedback obtained from DC link in order to constantly balance the DC bus capacitors voltages under various load conditions. The main feature of this technique is the use of only voltage sensors for balancing the DC capacitors voltages in four‐wire system which makes the algorithm act fast, while permitting reduction of DC bus capacitors voltage ripple significantly and therefore smaller capacitors are used. The NPC inverter has been modelled and effects of redundant switching states have been analysed mathematically on DC capacitors voltages. Comprehensive experimental tests are conducted on a four‐wire three‐leg NPC operating as uninterruptible power supply application for sustainable energy conversion to validate the designed approach and the dynamic response under various load conditions including linear, non‐linear, balanced, unbalanced and motor loads.
Fault‐tolerant multilevel cascaded H‐bridge inverter using impedance‐sourced network
Authors: Aleenejad Mohsen , Ahmadi Reza
Published: May 2016

This study proposes a fault‐tolerant scheme for an impedance‐sourced cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) converter that can fully restore the converter operation to the pre‐fault conditions without any hardware intervention. The proposed fault‐tolerant scheme has three key elements: a new quasi‐z‐source CHB converter, a modified modulation method for the introduced z‐source CHB, and a modified implementation of the fundamental phase shift compensation (FPSC) method. In case of a fault on one of the inverter switches, the proposed fault‐tolerant scheme enables the z‐source CHB to generate balanced line‐to‐line voltages with the same amplitude as the pre‐fault voltages, while evenly distributing an inevitable voltage stress increase over all converter switches. In this study, first a brief review of CHB converters and the FPSC method is provided. Then the proposed fault‐tolerant scheme is introduced. Finally, several experimental results from a prototype converter are provided to validate the operation of the proposed strategy.
Joint optimisation of generation and storage in the presence of wind
Authors: Liu Fei , Giulietti Monica , Chen Bo
Published: May 2016

The authors study an independent grid where the penetration of wind energy is high and exploit the joint planning of energy storage and a renewable energy source, as it can potentially result in a more economical and efficient energy system. More specifically, they consider an energy system that consists of a gas‐fired plant, and a small wind farm with a capacity for energy storage. They assume that the gas‐fired plant has a maximum generation capacity that is no more than the electricity demand. They first propose an optimisation model with known wind speed and electricity demand. Then they gradually extend this deterministic model to take into account the stochastic nature of the renewable energy source and electricity demand. Furthermore, they consider the possibility of connecting their system to the National Grid, which they import from or export to when their system has an energy shortage or surplus in meeting the demand. Their results provide helpful insights in planning the joint deployment of generation capacity and energy storage, and show that the system operates more efficiently and economically when it is connected to the National Grid.
Enhancing DFIG wind turbine during three‐phase fault using parallel interleaved converters and dynamic resistor
Authors: Okedu Kenneth E.
Published: May 2016

Transient operations are very crucial for high power insulated‐gate bipolar transistor modules, because high current and voltage are applied during this period for several microseconds. Therefore, the ability for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) variable speed wind turbine power converters to withstand abnormal conditions is strictly imperative in order to achieve its lifetime specifications and also fulfil the grid codes. This study presents a new control scheme for DFIG wind turbine having parallel interleaved converters (PIC) configuration and a series dynamic braking resistor (SDBR) connected at its stator side. Interleaving the wind turbine converters in parallel configuration could help to increase the current capability, while the SDBR helps in post fault recovery of the wind turbine. The coordinated control analysis of the scheme was implemented in power system computer aided design and electromagnetic transient including DC simulation environment for a severe three‐phase to ground fault. Results obtained were compared with the conventional DC chopper and crowbar rotor circuit protection scheme for the wind turbine. A better performance of the wind turbine variables were achieved using the proposed control scheme of the PIC and SDBR because the space vector modulation of the PIC results in maximum value of the change in common mode voltage, leading to improved switched output voltage of the voltage source converter leg.
Inflammation in Complicated Pregnancy and Its Outcome
Authors: Kalagiri Ram , Carder Timothy , Choudhury Saiara , Vora Niraj , Ballard Amie , Govande Vinayak , Drever Nathan , Beeram Madhava , Uddin M.
Published: May 2016

Background Normal pregnancy relies on a careful balance between immune tolerance and suppression. It is known that strict regulation of maternal immune function, in addition to components of inflammation, is paramount to successful pregnancy, and any imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can lead to aberrant inflammation, often seen in complicated pregnancies. Inflammation in complicated pregnancies is directly associated with increased mortality and morbidity of the mother and offspring. Aberrant inflammatory reactions in complicated pregnancies often lead to adverse outcomes, such as spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal demise. The role of inflammation in different stages of normal pregnancy is reviewed, compared, and contrasted with aberrant inflammation in complicated pregnancies. The complications addressed are preterm labor, pregnancy loss, infection, preeclampsia, maternal obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Aim This article examines the role of various inflammatory factors contributing to aberrant inflammation in complicated pregnancies. By understanding the aberrant inflammatory process in complicated pregnancies, novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for modulating it appropriately can be identified.
1.4.3 Hydrolysis of Amides
Authors: Hall M. , Faber K. , Tasnádi G.
Published: May 2016

This chapter describes the enzymatic hydrolysis of amide substrates. The main target compounds are amino acids, obtained via the kinetic resolution of amino acid amides and N-acylated amino acids using aminopeptidases, amidases, and aminoacylases. In addition, methods leading to enantiopure carboxylic acids and amines as well as lactamase-catalyzed processes are presented.
Strain-engineering the anisotropic electrical conductance in ReS2 monolayer
Authors: Yu Sheng , Zhu Hao , Eshun Kwesi , Shi Chen , Zeng Min , Li Qiliang
Published: May 2016

Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) is a semiconducting layered transition metal dichalcogenide that exhibits a stable distorted 1 T (Re in octahedral coordination) phase. The reduced symmetry in ReS2 leads to in-plane anisotropy in various material properties. In this work, we performed a comprehensive first-principle computational study of strain effect on the anisotropic mechanical and electronic properties of ReS2 monolayers. We found that the anisotropic ratio in electron mobility along two principle axes is 2.36 while the ratio in hole mobility reaches 7.76. The study of strain applied along different directions shows that the elastic modulus is largest for out-of-plane direction, and the strain along a-direction induces indirect bandgap while strain along b- or c-direction does not. In addition, the carrier mobility can be significantly improved by the c-direction tensile strain. This study indicates that the ReS2 monolayer has promising applications in nanoscale strain sensor and conductance-switch FETs.
TAKASAGO-6 apparatus for cryogenic coherent X-ray diffraction imaging of biological non-crystalline particles using X-ray free electron laser at SACLA
Authors: Kobayashi Amane , Sekiguchi Yuki , Takayama Yuki , Oroguchi Tomotaka , Shirahama Keiya , Torizuka Yasufumi , Manoda Masahiro , Nakasako Masayoshi , Yamamoto Masaki
Published: May 2016

Coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) is a technique for structure analyses of non-crystalline particles with dimensions ranging from micrometer to sub-micrometer. We have developed a diffraction apparatus named TAKASAGO-6 for use in single-shot CXDI experiments of frozen-hydrated non-crystalline biological particles at cryogenic temperature with X-ray free electron laser pulses provided at a repetition rate of 30 Hz from the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free-electron LAser. Specimen particles are flash-cooled after being dispersed on thin membranes supported by specially designed disks. The apparatus is equipped with a high-speed translation stage with a cryogenic pot for raster-scanning of the disks at a speed higher than 25 μm/33 ms. In addition, we use devices assisting the easy transfer of cooled specimens from liquid-nitrogen storages to the cryogenic pot. In the current experimental procedure, more than 20 000 diffraction patterns can be collected within 1 h. Here we report the key components and performance of the diffraction apparatus. Based on the efficiency of the diffraction data collection and the structure analyses of metal particles, biological cells, and cellular organelles, we discuss the future application of this diffraction apparatus for structure analyses of biological specimens.
On principal finite W-algebras for the Lie superalgebra D(2, 1; α)
Authors: Poletaeva Elena
Published: May 2016

We study finite W-algebras associated to even regular (principal) nilpotent elements for the family of simple exceptional Lie superalgebras D(2, 1; α) and for the universal central extension of 𝔭𝔰𝔩(2|2). We give a complete description of these finite W-algebras in terms of generators and relations.
Repulsive tip tilting as the dominant mechanism for hydrogen bond-like features in atomic force microscopy imaging
Authors: Lee Alex J. , Sakai Yuki , Kim Minjung , Chelikowsky James R.
Published: May 2016

Experimental atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies have reported distinct features in regions with little electron density for various organic systems. These unexpected features have been proposed to be a direct visualization of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Here, we apply a computational method using ab initio real-space pseudopotentials along with a scheme to account for tip tilting to simulate AFM images of the 8-hydroxyquinoline dimer and related systems to develop an understanding of the imaging mechanism for hydrogen bonds. We find that contrast for the observed “hydrogen bond” feature comes not from the electrostatic character of the bonds themselves but rather from repulsive tip tilting induced by neighboring electron-rich atoms.
Distributed energy storage: Time-dependent tree flow design
Authors: Bejan A. , Ziaei S. , Lorente S.
Published: May 2016

This article proposes “distributed energy storage” as a basic design problem of distributing energy storage material on an area. The energy flows by fluid flow from a concentrated source to points (users) distributed equidistantly on the area. The flow is time-dependent. Several scenarios are analyzed: sensible-heat storage, latent-heat storage, exergy storage vs energy storage, and the distribution of a finite supply of heat transfer surface between the source fluid and the distributed storage material. The chief conclusion is that the finite amount of storage material should be distributed proportionally with the distribution of the flow rate of heating agent arriving on the area. The total time needed by the source stream to “invade” the area is cumulative (the sum of the storage times required at each storage site) and depends on the energy distribution paths and the sequence in which the users are served by the source stream. Directions for future designs of distributed storage and retrieval are outlined in the concluding section.
Direct conversion of h-BN into c-BN and formation of epitaxial c-BN/diamond heterostructures
Authors: Narayan Jagdish , Bhaumik Anagh , Xu Weizong
Published: May 2016

We have created a new state of BN (named Q-BN) through rapid melting and super undercooling and quenching by using nanosecond laser pulses. Phase pure c-BN is formed either by direct quenching of super undercooled liquid or by nucleation and growth from Q-BN. Thus, a direct conversion of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) into phase-pure cubic boron nitride (c-BN) is achieved by nanosecond pulsed laser melting at ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure in air. According to the P-T phase diagram, the transformation from h-BN into c-BN under equilibrium processing can occur only at high temperatures and pressures, as the hBN-cBN-Liquid triple point is at 3500 K/9.5 GPa or 3700 K/7.0 GPa with a recent theoretical refinement. Using nonequilibrium nanosecond laser melting, we have created super undercooled state and shifted this triple point to as low as 2800 K and atmospheric pressure. The rapid quenching from super undercooled state leads to the formation of a new phase, named as Q-BN. We present detailed characterization of Q-BN and c-BN layers by using Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, electron-back-scatter diffraction, high-resolution TEM, and electron energy loss spectroscopy, and discuss the mechanism of formation of nanodots, nanoneedles, microneedles, and single-crystal c-BN on sapphire substrate. We have also deposited diamond by pulsed laser deposition of carbon on c-BN and created c-BN/diamond heterostructures, where c-BN acts as a template for epitaxial diamond growth. We discuss the mechanism of epitaxial c-BN and diamond growth on lattice matching c-BN template under pulsed laser evaporation of amorphous carbon, and the impact of this discovery on a variety of applications.
Experimental demonstration of ultra-wideband and high-efficiency terahertz spoof surface plasmon polaritons coupler
Authors: Tang Heng-He , Ma Tian-Jun , Liu Pu-Kun
Published: May 2016

Spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) are promising for subwavelength waveguiding in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. However, they cannot be efficiently excited from spatial propagating or guided waves due to the mismatched momenta. In this paper, a THz coupler is designed to smoothly bridge SSPPs and guided (or propagating) waves. By using a tapered parallel-plate waveguide, the incident energies are efficiently compressed and coupled into a subwavelength gap. Then, the momenta differences are mitigated with a graded grating. The numerical simulations show that the relative bandwidth of the coupler reaches up to 127%, and the maximum coupling efficiency is 99%. More importantly, experiment results in the 0.22 THz–0.33 THz frequency range are also presented to verify the good performance of the coupler. The work provides a technical support for terahertz waveguiding.
Extended magnetic exchange interactions in the high-temperature ferromagnet MnBi
Authors: Williams T. J. , Taylor A. E. , Christianson A. D. , Hahn S. E. , Fishman R. S. , Parker D. S. , McGuire M. A. , Sales B. C. , Lumsden M. D.
Published: May 2016

The high-temperature ferromagnet MnBi continues to receive attention as a candidate to replace rare-earth-containing permanent magnets in applications above room temperature. This is due to a high Curie temperature, large magnetic moments, and a coercivity that increases with temperature. The synthesis of MnBi also allows for crystals that are free of interstitial Mn, enabling more direct access to the key interactions underlying the physical properties of binary Mn-based ferromagnets. In this work, we use inelastic neutron scattering to measure the spin waves of MnBi in order to characterize the magnetic exchange at low temperature. Consistent with the spin reorientation that occurs below 140 K, we do not observe a spin gap in this system above our experimental resolution. A Heisenberg model was fit to the spin wave data in order to characterize the long-range nature of the exchange. It was found that interactions up to sixth nearest neighbor are required to fully parametrize the spin waves. Surprisingly, the nearest-neighbor term is antiferromagnetic, and the realization of a ferromagnetic ground state relies on the more numerous ferromagnetic terms beyond nearest neighbor, suggesting that the ferromagnetic ground state arises as a consequence of the long-ranged interactions in the system.
Tunable band gap in epitaxial ferroelectric Ho(Mn,Ga)O3 films
Authors: Lee Daesu , Choi Woo Seok , Noh Tae Won
Published: May 2016

Ferroelectrics have recently attracted attention as a new class of materials for use in optical and photovoltaic devices. We studied the electronic properties in epitaxially stabilized ferroelectric hexagonal Ho(Mn1−xGax)O3 (x = 0, 0.33, 0.67, and 1) thin films. Our films exhibited systematic changes in electronic structures, such as bandgap and optical transitions, according to the Ga concentration. In particular, the bandgap increased systematically from 1.4 to 3.2 eV, including the visible light region, with increasing Ga concentration from x = 0 to 1. These systematic changes, attributed to lattice parameter variations in epitaxial Ho(Mn1−xGax)O3 films, should prove useful for the design of optoelectronic devices based on ferroelectrics.
Extraordinary transmission of electromagnetic waves through sub-wavelength slot arrays mediated by spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Pang Yongqiang , Wang Jiafu , Ma Hua , Feng Mingde , Xia Song , Xu Zhuo , Qu Shaobo
Published: May 2016

One-dimensional gratings consisting of sub-wavelength metallic slot arrays have been widely applied in the design of novel devices due to their polarization-selective characteristics. When the incident electric field is polarized along the slot direction, the slot arrays are opaque, behaving like a metal surface. Here we propose a scheme of making slot arrays transparent for electromagnetic (EM) waves, which is achieved by the incorporation of corrugated metal strip arrays. Incident waves are first converted into spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) propagating along the strips. Since SSPPs confine EM fields in sub-wavelength scales, EM waves can penetrate through the sub-wavelength slots. High transmission was thus obtained, with an efficiency as high as 95%. Moreover, position and bandwidth of the transmission band can be tailored by adjusting the groove depth and the slot width, respectively. It is expected that the design may find potential applications in the multifunctional devices with frequency- and polarization-selective features.
Low pressure microplasmas enabled by field ionization: Kinetic modeling
Authors: Macheret Sergey O. , Tholeti Siva Sashank , Alexeenko Alina A.
Published: May 2016

A principle of microplasma generation that utilizes field emission of electrons at the cathode and field ionization producing ions at the anode, both processes relying on nanorods or nanotubes, is explored theoretically. In this plasma generation concept, collisional ionization of atoms and molecules by electron impact would play a negligible role. Analytical estimates as well as plasma kinetic modeling by particle-in-cell method with Monte Carlo collisions in argon confirm that this principle can enable substantial plasma densities at near-collisionless microgaps, while requiring relatively low voltages, less than 100 V. An order of magnitude increase in electron number density can be achieved due to enhancement of field emission at the cathode by positive space charge at high field ionization ion current densities.
Unconventional spin distributions in thick Ni80Fe20 nanodisks
Authors: Kumar D. , Lupo P. , Haldar A. , Adeyeye A. O.
Published: May 2016

We study the spin distributions in permalloy (Py: Ni80Fe20) nanodisks as a function of diameter D (300 nm ≤ D ≤ 1 μm) and thickness L (30 nm ≤ L ≤ 100 nm). We observed that beyond a certain thickness, for a fixed disk diameter, an unconventional spin topology precipitates which is marked by the presence of a divergence field within the magnetic vortex curl. The strength of this divergence changes anti-symmetrically from negative to positive—depending on the core polarity—along the axis of the cylindrical nanodisk. This is also accompanied by a skyrmion-like out-of-plane bending of the spin vectors farther away from the disk center. Additionally, the vortex core dilates significantly when compared to its typical size. This has been directly observed using magnetic force microscopy. We determined from the ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements that the unconventional topology in the thicker nanodisks gyrated at a frequency, which is significantly lower than what is predicted by a magnetic vortex based analytical model. Micromagnetic simulations involving dipolar and exchange interactions appear to satisfactorily reproduce the experimentally observed static and dynamic behaviors. Besides providing a physical example of an unconventional topology, these results can also aid the design of topologically protected memory elements.
Investigation of geometric design in piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems diaphragms for ultrasonic energy harvesting
Authors: Shi Qiongfeng , Wang Tao , Kobayashi Takeshi , Lee Chengkuo
Published: May 2016

Acoustic energy transfer (AET) has been widely used for contactless energy delivery to implantable devices. However, most of the energy harvesters (ultrasonic receivers) for AET are macro-scale transducers with large volume and limited operation bandwidth. Here, we propose and investigate two microelectromechanical systems diaphragm based piezoelectric ultrasonic energy harvesters (PUEHs) as an alternative for AET. The proposed PUEHs consist of micro-scale diaphragm array with different geometric parameter design. Diaphragms in PUEH-1 have large length to width ratio to achieve broadband property, while its energy harvesting performance is compromised. Diaphragms in PUEH-2 have smaller length to width ratio and thinner thickness to achieve both broadband property and good energy harvesting performance. Both PUEHs have miniaturized size and wide operation bandwidth that are ideally suitable to be integrated as power source for implantable biomedical devices. PUEH-1 has a merged −6 dB bandwidth of 74.5% with a central frequency of 350 kHz. PUEH-2 has two separate −6 dB bandwidth of 73.7%/30.8% with central frequencies of 285 kHz/650 kHz. They can adapt to various ultrasonic sources with different working frequency spectrum. Maximum output power is 34.3 nW and 84.3 nW for PUEH-1 and PUEH-2 at 1 mW/cm2 ultrasound intensity input, respectively. The associated power density is 0.734 μW/cm2 and 4.1 μW/cm2, respectively. Better energy harvesting performance is achieved for PUEH-2 because of the optimized length to width ratio and thickness design. Both PUEHs offer more alignment flexibility with more than 40% power when they are in the range of the ultrasound transmitter.