bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OVERVIEW OF NETWORK-BASED METHODS FOR ANALYZING FINANCIAL MARKETS
Authors: Tsankov Pavel
Published: March 2021

Network based methods are suitable for the analysis of large number of financial time series and the better understanding of their interdependencies. Known approaches to reveal the underlying information about the complex structure of these interdependencies include network-wise and vertex-wise measures of the topology, as well as filtering techniques relying on minimum spanning trees, planar graphs, or spectral analysis. The aim of this study is to review relevant graph theoretical and statistical models and techniques for generating and examining the properties of financial networks, obtained by computing time series correlations or causality relationships. In particular, this study reviews literature discussing the time evolution of the observed phenomena from a network perspective, as well as applications in economy and finance, ranging from risk and diversification, through policy making and better understanding crisis impact, to forecasting. The information synthesized in this paper can be useful to gain further insights into this relatively new research area.
Fanā’ al-Nār Within Early Kalām and Mysticism
Authors: Demichelis Marco
Published: March 2021

The annihilation of the fire (fanā’ al-nār), is an expression used by Ibn Taymiyya in Al-Radd ‘alā man Qāla bi-Fanā’ al-Janna wa-l-Nār.  It acts as a rejoinder to those who maintain that the annihilation of the Garden and the Fire within Islamic theology is a fascinating theory that could quite easily be confused with the Christian Patristic apokatastasis  or the falsafa  cosmological hypothesis, which emerged in the works of al-Kindī (d. 873) and Fakhr ad-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1209).

Jane I. Smith and Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, in The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection (New York: OUP, 2012), supported the argument that the nature of Heaven and Hell has been subjected to a range of interpretations stretching from the purely literal to the utterly allegorical. Hell is a place of just chastisement for sin, an everlasting location for sinning believers; whether or not any punishment there would be truly eternal, has been the subject of considerable dispute.

My objective in this article is not to focus on al-Ghazālī or Ibn al-Taymiyya, but on those scholars who, at an earlier stage, had elaborated a rational speculation on the fanā’ al-nār. At the same time, this article does not set out to provide a comparative analysis linked with the late Patristic authors or Manichean and Zoroastrian influences which, conversely, appear as possible theories. The main goal is to uncover the backgrounds of the authors in Islamic kalām and mysticism who, preceding the Ghazalian phase, were engaged in elaborating the annihilation of the fire. Al-Baghdādī (‘Abd al-Qāhir b. Ṭāhir, d. 1037) in Al-Farq bayna al-Firaq, argues that the Mu‘tazilite Abū al-Hudhayl al-‘Allāf (d. 850), probably influenced by Ḍirār ibn ‘Amr (d. unknown) and Jahm Ibn Safwān (d. 746), were the first to theorise on the finiteness of both Heaven and Hell. However, it  is plausible that different early Muslim mystics from the same century also supported the annihilation of at least the latter. All options remain open to debate.
Lohusalarda Yalnızlık Hissinin Sosyal Destek, Emzirme ve Maternal Bağlanma ile İlişkisi
Authors: BAL Zeynep , KANTAR Ezgi Can , UÇAR Tuba
Published: March 2021

Giriş: Doğum sonu dönem fizyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal değişimlerin yaşandığı en önemli
dönemlerden biridir. Kadınların, bu dönemde yalnız hissetmeleri sosyal çevresine ve bebeğine olan
ilgisini etkileyebilmektedir.
Amaç: Araştırma lohusalarda yalnızlığın sosyal destek, emzirme öz-yeterliliği ve maternal
bağlanmayla ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipte olan araştırma, Malatya’da bir kamu hastanesinde
yürütüldü. Veriler, Temmuz-Ekim 2018 tarihleri arasında ilgili hastanede doğum yapmış 391
lohusanın katılımıyla, doğum sonu ilk 24 saati içinde toplandı. Verilerin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi
Formu, UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği, Emzirme Öz-Yeterlilik
Ölçeği ve Maternal Bağlanma Ölçeği kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan lohusaların yaş ortalaması 27,91 ± 5,74 olup, %27,9’u ortaokul
mezunu ve %72,1’i multipardır. Lohusaların %93,9’unun orta düzeyde yalnızlık yaşadığı belirlendi.
Lohusaların UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği puan ortalaması 49,77 ± 5,28, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal
Destek Ölçeği puan ortalaması 70,86 ± 14,26, Emzirme Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeği puan ortalaması 59,81
± 10,14 ve Maternal Bağlanma Ölçeği puan ortalaması 100,42 ± 7,09’dur. UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği ile
Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ve Emzirme Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeği arasında istatistiksel
olarak negatif yönde zayıf ilişki bulundu (sırasıyla r = -0,193, p = 0,000; r = -0,132, p = 0,009).
UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği ile Maternal Bağlanma Ölçeği arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki
olmadığı saptandı (p > 0,05).
Sonuç: Lohusalarda yalnızlık arttıkça sosyal desteğin ve emzirme öz-yeterliliğinin azaldığı;
lohusalardaki yalnızlık ile maternal bağlanma arasında ilişki olmadığı belirlendi.
Dr. Máximo Terán Valls
Authors: Arrea Baixench Carlos
Published: March 2021

"Escribir sobre el Dr. Máximo Terán Valls es todo un reto, debido a su personalidad tan vital, a las abundantes funciones que desempeñó en su vida, a su forma tan franca de abordar los problemas y a su trayectoria tan llena de aportes al sistema de salud del país. Por la relación que con él mantuve cuando fui director general de Asistencia Médico Social en el Ministerio de Salud, siendo él Ministro de la cartera, me atrevo a abordar tan difícil reto..."
Abordaje Quirúrguico de la incotinencia fecal
Authors: Ceciliano Romero Norma , Cordero Castro Silvia
Published: March 2021

"Los pacientes con incontinencia fecal enfrentan graves problemas sociales ypsicológicos, por lo que el propósito fue analizar la evolución de 27 pacientes operados con la técnica de Malone, de Neo-apéndice y botón de Chait, para hacerles enemas anterógrados, así como evaluar la repercusión en su calidad de vida."
Diabetes mellitus neonatal en Costa Rica
Authors: Salazar Francis Ruiz , Padilla Erick Richmond , Solano Roberto Bogarín , Aita Fred Cavallo , Lines Orlando Jaramillo
Published: March 2021

La diabetes mellitus neonatal es un raro desorden metabólico usualmente desarrollado en las primeras 6 semanas de vida, secundario a un grupo de mutaciones y defectos del desarrollo pancreático que puede desembocar en una catástrofe clínica si no se identifica tempranamente; se divide en una variante transitoria y una permanente, siendo la primera la más frecuente, con cerca de un 60% de los casos. El manejo inicial de ambas variantes es la insulinoterapia intensiva, que en la variante transitoria puede suspenderse usualmente en los primeros meses de vida. El síndrome de disregulación inmunológica, poliendocrinopatía y enteropatía ligada a X (IPEX por sus siglas en inglés), es una causa extremadamente rara de la variante permanente, casi siempre mortal, caracterizada por un inmunocompromiso severo, enteropatía, diabetes y dermatitis. En el estudio se describen 4 casos de diabetes mellitus neonatal diagnosticados en el Hospital Nacional de Niños de San José, Costa Rica: 2 correspondientes a una diabetes mellitus neonatal transitoria, 2 a una diabetes mellitus neonatal permanente y 1 de ellos correspondiente a un síndrome de IPEX.
Cistitis quística glandular presentada como cistopatía quística
Authors: Castelán Claudio Orlich , Navas Danilo Garzona , Bolaños Andrea Caamaño
Published: March 2021

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 73 años, con historia de hematuria macroscópica de aparición reciente, con presencia de quistes en toda la extensión de la mucosa vesical, y con diagnóstico por biopsias de vejiga, de una cistitis glandular. Se habla de cistopatía quística cuando los quistes se encuentran difusamente en la vejiga, y frecuentemente coexiste con lipomatosis pélvica en pacientes obesas, como la que reportada aquí. Es considerada una lesión premaligna y por eso es importante un seguimiento cuidadoso con cistoscopias periódicas. La cistitis quística se presenta más frecuentemente en hombres y en personas de mayor edad. Macroscópicamente, se manifiesta con nódulos submucosos únicos o múltiples, y los hallazgos histológicos son la presencia de nidos uroteliales redondeados, con dilatación quística dentro de la lámina propia, y paralelos a la superficie urotelial.
Síndrome de Wilkie
Authors: Otero Francisco Poblete , Pertus Humberto Álvarez , Saénz Andrés Arana
Published: March 2021

El síndrome de Wilkie o síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior, es una entidad patológica poco frecuente. Descrito inicialmente por Von Rokitansky en 1861 y apoyado luego por Willet, en 1868. Se caracteriza por una compresión extrínseca de la tercera porción del duodeno por la arteria mesentérica superior y la aorta, ante la reducción del ángulo aortomesentérico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 36 años de edad, sin patologías médicas previas, con un cuadro crónico de pérdida de peso, vómitos y sensación de plenitud gástrica. Consultó a valoración en el Servicio de Cirugía, tras realizarse gastroscopía que revelaba una estrechez extrínseca distal al píloro gástrico. Se efectuaron estudios complementarios radiográficos, los cuales revelaron la disminución del ángulo entre la arteria aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior. Posteriormente se realizó un abordaje laparoscópico con anastomosis duodeno yeyunal latero lateral, con corrección del cuadro patológico y evolución favorable del paciente.
Efectos agudos del ejercicio en la presión arterial. Implicaciones terapéuticas en pacientes hipertensos
Authors: Aguilar Pablo Álvarez
Published: March 2021

El abordaje de la hipertensión arterial se realiza desde distintos frentes; sin embargo, el tratamiento no farmacológico puede ser subvalorado por el personal médico. El tratamiento con ejercicio es una herramienta terapéutica que puede contribuir al control de las cifras tensionales de los pacientes hipertensos, reducir su necesidad de medicamentos, mejorar su calidad de vida, disminuir la mortalidad cardiovascular y otras comorbilidades. El dominio de los fundamentos de prescripción de ejercicio en pacientes hipertensos es una herramienta con un alto potencial terapéutico que debería ser manejada por cualquier médico general.
Reparación toracoscópica de hernia diafragmática congénita
Authors: Ortiz Juan Pablo Murillo , Cordero María del Rocío Hernández , Flores Rodolfo Fernández
Published: March 2021

La hernia diafragmática congénita es una de las patologías clínicamente más demandantes en la edad pediátrica. Con los avances de cuidado intensivo neonatal, al mejorar la sobrevida se ha cambiado el abordaje quirúrgico en algunos centros, incluyendo la reparación con cirugía mínimamente invasiva. Se presenta el primer caso de reparación toracoscópica de una hernia diafragmática congénita en Costa Rica.
Síndrome de Bickerstaff
Authors: Rojas Marcela Subiros , Guerrero Sylvia Vindas , Ledezma Sixto Bogantes
Published: March 2021

La encefalitis de Bickerstaff es una entidad infrecuente de origen post infeccioso de presentación grave, que pertenece al espectro de las patologías asociadas a los antigangliósidos, donde el paciente se presenta con compromiso subagudo de oftalmoplejia, ataxia, debilidad con signos piramidales y alteración del estado de conciencia con antecedentes recientes de infecciones respiratorias, gastrointestinales o ambas. Se reporta un caso de encefalitis de Bickerstaff presentado en el Hospital Nacional de Niños.
Enfermedad arterial periférica y ejercicio
Authors: Meza Gerardo Quirós , Nassar Johanna Salazar , Rivas Jaqueline Castillo
Published: March 2021

La enfermedad arterial periférica afecta 8.3% de la población de 60 años o más en Costa Rica.Al asociarse a aterosclerosis sistémica, el diagnóstico de la enfermedad arterial periférica se asocia a un riesgo mayor de futuros eventos cardiovasculares (infarto de miocardio, infarto cerebral, muerte prematura).
Predicción de la concentración de linfocitos T CD4, con base en la teoría de conjuntos aplicada al seguimiento de pacientes con VIH
Authors: Velásquez Javier Rodríguez , Bohórquez Signed Prieto , Alonso Martha Melo de , Díaz Carlos Pérez , Cajeli Darío Domínguez , Ojeda Juan Bravo , López Nancy Olarte , Betancourt Aura Wilches , Pino Laura Méndez , Morales Laura Valero
Published: March 2021

Se desarrolló una metodología predictiva de CD4 a partir del recuento de leucocitos y linfocitos del hemograma para pacientes con VIH/sida, buscando una medida alternativa a la citometría de flujo.
Casos clínicos de uveítis del Hospital México, 2010-2013
Authors: Mora María del Rosario Espinoza , Cheng Henry Chihong Chan , Quesada Carlos Dorado , Bratti María Paz León
Published: March 2021

La uveítis es un proceso de inflamación intraocular de etiologías muy diferentes, que representa una importante causa de pérdida visual a nivel mundial. Es fundamental para el personal médico reconocer síntomas y signos clínicos de inflamación del tracto uveal, pues la pronta referencia al especialista en Oftalmología es un factor determinante en la evolución y el pronóstico de la enfermedad. En Costa Rica no se había publicado hasta la fecha ningún registro de pacientes con uveítis y la casuística nacional se desconoce.
Extreme sex-negativity: An examination of helplessness, hopelessness, and misattribution of blame among “Incel” multiple homicide offenders
Authors: Williams DJ , Arntfield Michael
Published: March 2021

Self-identified involuntary celibates, or “incels,” have congregated online in recent years as a way to discuss and promote a particular patriarchal and blatantly misogynist ideology that blames women, specifically, and feminist society, broadly, for the unmet sexual desires of men who feel entitled, based on gender, to sexual experiences. Thus, incel ideology is an obvious example of severe sex-negativity. While incel ideology is commonly filled with hate speech and threats of violence, there are very few, fortunately, who go on to commit extreme violence. The present study examines feelings of hopelessness and helplessness among seven incel offenders who committed or clearly attempted to commit multiple murder. Although these offenders invariably felt hopelessness and helplessness across major areas of life functioning, they grossly misattributed blame to women for their overall misery. Findings provide valuable insights into the psychology of an extreme form of sex-negativity that extends a mindset of revenge rape to pseudocommando-style mass murder.
EMOTION EVALUATION FROM FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION USING AI TECHNIQUES: A Review
Authors: Singh Sonali
Published: March 2021

Facial expression is a primitive element for human interactions. To understand human behavior or mood, it is essential to analyze human facial expression from multidimensional sensitive and feeling image data. Various Artificial Intelligence based techniques are used for facial expression evaluation. In this paper an attempt has been done to Facial expression recognition & emotion evaluation. Previous and recent researches have been investigated to find out the related effective method
To Optimize Network Call Drops and Enhances Real Time (CDR) Data Handling with Security
Authors: G V Ashok , Kumari P Dr.Vasanthi
Published: March 2021

The telecom networks generate multitudes and large sets of data related to networks, applications, users, network operations and real time call processing (Call Detail Record (CDR)). This large data set has the capability to give valuable business insights - for example, real-time user quality of service, network issues, call drop issues, customer satisfaction index, customer churn, network capacity forecast and many more revenue impacting insights. As even setting up of more towers for better coverage would also directly affect the health of habitants around. In this paper, the overall condition of call drops has been reviewed and possible ways to minimize the spectacles of network
call drops. Applied Linear Regression algorithm which is used type of predictive analysis. Three major uses for regression analysis Determining the strength of predictors, Forecasting an effect and Trend forecasting. This paper gives to telecom service providers to improve their networks and minimize the network call drops with security. Deliver quality of services to their subscribers using the advanced technologies with accurate algorithms.
Social Justice Teaching Practices: A Case Study of a Latinx Pre-service Teacher in Urban Schools
Authors: Wilkerson Amanda , Marsh L. Trenton S. , Hodge Lynell
Published: March 2021

Teacher education programs (TEPs) prepare educators to provide an environment conducive for student learning regardless of race, class, ethnicity, gender, or socioeconomic status. Drawing from a larger study, this single-unit case study examines the experience of a Latinx pre-service teacher instructor at an urban school. Specifically, we highlight her perceptions as compared to the experiences of her White female counterparts in urban schools. The findings suggest that she appeared to utilize social justice supportive pedagogy to position her interactions with and for students. The implications and recommendations are provided to strengthen the use of social justice approaches in clinical and field experiences.
Justificativas regulatórias para o segmento de Exploração e Produção (E&P) no Brasil entre 1997 e 2017
Authors: Gandra Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho visa mostrar as justificativas que nortearam a formulação do modelo regulatório brasileiro no segmento de Exploração e Produção (E&P) da indústria de Óleo e Gás, após a ratificação da Lei do Petróleo em 1997 que criou ANP e os contratos de concessão; e após as reformas ocorridas entre 2009 e 2010 com a criação dos contratos de partilha da produção, criação da PPSA e mudanças de atribuições da ANP e do CNPE. Foi verificado que entre os dois períodos apresentados, as motivações regulatórias foram alteradas de acordo com aspectos técnicos; e correntes políticas, ideológicas, econômicas e culturais que envolvem os Governos. Sendo assim, fica evidente que o modelo de regulação muda de acordo com suas justificativas (apresentando um aspecto dinâmico), às vezes aumentando a concorrência entre as empresas e às vezes restringindo.
Political Conservatism in Russia
Authors: Snegovaya Maria
Published: March 2021

In this paper I discuss the conservative turn that took place in Russia in the last 15 years comparing it to the recent experience of Hungary and Poland. I show that to a large extent this backlash is of a socioeconomic nature and reflects the people’s frustration with the downsides of the economic liberalization. Moreover, the depth of the original social transformation determined a society’s ability to resist to the conservative trend. In Russia where the modernization processes were the shallowest, the old political elites could regain power sooner and roll back the society deeper. I also overview different conservative schools of thought in Russia and show Putin manipulated this ideology to strengthen his hold on power.
Condition monitoring of roller bearings using acoustic emission
Authors: Cornel Daniel , Gutiérrez Guzmán Francisco , Jacobs Georg , Neumann Stephan
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Roller bearing failures in wind turbines' gearboxes lead
to long downtimes and high repair costs, which could be reduced by the
implementation of a predictive maintenance strategy. In this paper and
within this context, an acoustic-emission-based condition monitoring system
is applied to roller bearing test rigs with the aim of identifying critical
operating conditions before bearing failures occurs. Furthermore, a
comparison regarding detection times is carried out with traditional
vibration-based condition monitoring systems, with a focus on premature
bearing failures such as white etching cracks. The investigations show a
sensitivity of the acoustic-emission system towards lubricating conditions.
In addition, the system has shown that a damaged surface can be detected at
least ∼ 4 % (8 h, regarding the time to failure)
earlier than by using the vibration-based system. Furthermore, significant
deviations from the average acoustic-emission signal were detected up to
∼ 50 % (130 h) before the test stop and are possibly
related to sub-surface damage initiation and might result in an earlier
damage detection in the future.
Physiological Responses and Predictors of Performance in a Simulated Competitive Ski Mountaineering Race
Authors: Lasshofer Michael , Seifert John , Wörndle Anna-Maria , Stöggl Thomas
Published: March 2021

Competitive ski mountaineering (SKIMO) has achieved great popularity within the past years. However, knowledge about the predictors of performance and physiological response to SKIMO racing is limited. Therefore, 21 male SKIMO athletes split into two performance groups (elite: VO2max 71.2 ± 6.8 ml· min-1· kg-1 vs. sub-elite: 62.5 ± 4.7 ml· min-1· kg-1) were tested and analysed during a vertical SKIMO race simulation (523 m elevation gain) and in a laboratory SKIMO specific ramp test. In both cases, oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate and cycle characteristics were measured. During the race simulation, the elite athletes were approximately 5 min faster compared with the sub-elite (27:15 ± 1:16 min; 32:31 ± 2:13 min; p < 0.001). VO2 was higher for elite athletes during the race simulation (p = 0.046) and in the laboratory test at ventilatory threshold 2 (p = 0.005) and at maximum VO2 (p = 0.003). Laboratory maximum power output is displayed as treadmill speed and was higher for elite than sub-elite athletes (7.4 ± 0.3 km h-1; 6.6 ± 0.3 km h-1; p < 0.001). Lactate values were higher in the laboratory maximum ramp test than in the race simulation (p < 0.001). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between race time and performance parameters was highest for velocity and VO2 related parameters during the laboratory test (r > 0.6). Elite athletes showed their superiority in the race simulation as well as during the maximum ramp test. While HR analysis revealed a similar strain to both cohorts in both tests, the superiority can be explainable by higher VO2 and power output. To further push the performance of SKIMO athletes, the development of named factors like power output at maximum and ventilatory threshold 2 seems crucial.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan Munculnya Sibling Rivalry pada Balita di Desa Blang Pauh Sa Kecamatan Julok Kabupaten Aceh Timur
Authors: Nanda Mirani
Published: March 2021

Sibling rivalry merupakan hal penting yang harus mendapatkan perhatian orang tua karena penanganan yang tidak tepat dapat menimbulkan masalah yang berkelanjutan. Kejadian sibling rivalry antar saudara kandung dapat menimbulkan kemunduran tingkah laku anak ke tahap sebelumnya yaitu dengan mengompol di celana, antisosial, cari perhatian dengan sengaja bertingkah nakal, melawan orang tua, dan menjadi cengeng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan munculnya sibling rivalry pada balita di Desa Blang Pauh Sa Kecamatan Julok Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Penetapan jumlah sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling sebanyak 33 Ibu dengan kriteria Ibu yang memiliki balita berusia 1-5 tahun. Analisa data berupa analisis univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian diperoleh mayoritas balita mengalami sibling rivalry 18 (54,4%) responden, mayoritas menerapkan pola asuh permisif 16 (48,5%) responden. Hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan munculnya sibling rivalry pada balita diperoleh nilai p (sig) = 0,016 < 0,05.
Hubungan Insentif Dan Supervisi Dengan Disiplin Kerja Perawat Di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Sultan Abdul Aziz Syah Peureulak Kabupaten Aceh Timur Tahun 2020
Authors: Khairurrozi Muhammad , Ardilla Arista
Published: March 2021

Kepatuhan mengacu pada  prilaku yang terjadi sebagai respons terhadap permintaan langsung dan berasal dari pihak lain.Permasalahan yang menyebabkan rendahnya disiplin kerja dikarenakan kurangnya pengawasan dari atasan kepada perawat pelaksana, serta kurangnya kejelasan pemberian insentif kepada perawat pelaksana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan insentif dan supervise dengan disiplin kerja perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Sultan Abdul Aziz Syah Peureulak Tahun 2020.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan total populasi yaitu dengan menjadikan semua populasi sebagai sampel sebanyak 85 orang.

Hasil penelitian ini dengan menggunakan uji statistic Chi-Square pada derajat kepercayaan 95% ( α= 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara variabel insentif  (p = 0,000 ; >0,05), supervisi (p = 0,000>0,05) dengan disiplin kerja perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Sultan Abdul Aziz Syah Peureulak Tahun 2020.

 Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini ialah ada hubungan antara insentif dan supervisi dengan disiplin kerja perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Sultan Abdul Aziz Syah Peureulak Tahun 2020.
Rafael Chirbes y Laura Restrepo. Dos posturas ético-estéticas y dos propuestas de justicia y memoria
Authors: Español Casallas Janneth
Published: March 2021

Interpretamos las poéticas del español Rafael Chirbes y de la colombiana Laura Restrepo como ficciones memorialistas. Cada uno de los autores reinterpreta en la ficción hechos históricos de un pasado violento, a saber: la Guerra Civil y el franquismo (Chirbes), los orígenes del conflicto armado colombiano (Restrepo). Teniendo en cuenta que el concepto de memoria en la contemporaneidad ha girado en torno a la justicia y al derecho enfocándose en la compren-sión de crímenes atroces ocurridos en el pasado de una sociedad, este artículo pretende responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿qué aportan las ficciones En la orilla de Rafael Chirbes y La novia oscura de Laura Restrepo al discurso jurídico-político?; ¿qué aporte introducen esas ficciones al campo de la memoria y la justicia?
médico en la Guerra Civil española: el doctor Pablo Uriel Díez
Authors: Izquierdo José María
Published: March 2021

En la fase actual de recuperación de la memoria histórica de la Guerra Civil española ha surgido con fuerza el cómic relacionado con este tema tanto en forma de tiras o historietas como en el género de la llamada novela gráfica. En el caso de la trilogía de Sento, es decir Un médico novato (2013), Atrapado en Belchite (2015) y Vencedor y Vencido (2016), se elabora la biografía de un médico no perteneciente ideológicamente al bando nacional que por circunstancias de los acontecimientos históricos tiene que ejercer la medicina en el frente del bando mencionado. La trilogía está basada en una documentación que se incluye parcialmente en los anexos de las novelas mencionadas. En ese sentido cabe la posibilidad de clasificar los textos de Sento como obras gráficas que son ejemplos de la ya amplia literatura de la llamada posmemoria.
Harnessing the Multiple Benefits of a Computerised Maintenance Management System
Authors: Ogbeifun Edoghogho , Pasipatorwa Patrick , C. Pretorius Jan-Harm
Published: March 2021

Those involved in maintenance operations are enjoying the benefits of information and communication technology in the planning and management of maintenance activities, resource management and planned production. In the digital space, the computer-based operating systems, commonly referred to as computerised maintenance management systems (CMMSs), enable quick and effective communication between stakeholders, facilitate improved planning, easy access to historical data, reporting and performance improvements of the maintenance function. However, success in the use of CMMSs depends on the human capacity of the users of the system. In practice, many organisations use the CMMS tool for planning, operations management and reporting, without the aid of detailed analysis of operational information in the CMMS database. They fail to harness all the possible benefits. Three case studies were used to illustrate the situation. Two of them refer to academic institutions and the third is a manufacturing company. In the academic institutions, the CMMS was used for maintenance planning, management and periodic reporting. The manufacturing company included analysis of the information in the operational database, which culminated in identifying the level of the reliability of machines in the production network through benchmarking. The conclusion is that the quality of the human capacity enables organisations to harness and make maximum use of the potentials inherent in typical CMMS software.
Poverty and Social Psychology: The Importance of Integrative Manner
Authors: Çömez Polat Filiz
Published: March 2021

As one of the most important social problems in the world, poverty has been studied by various disciplines. Although poverty is a basic subject of economics, it has also become one of the prominent research fields of social sciences in recent years. Poverty also relates to many psychological processes and mechanisms just as in the other social problems in the world. It is assumed that the social-psychological approach to poverty may contribute to establishing different road maps in combating poverty. Therefore this study aims at contributing to poverty reduction efforts from the social-psychological point of view by providing an integrative review of the social psychological correlates of poverty based on the empirical findings. Also, by including arguments such as social identity, migration, ideology and social context in poverty studies to be conducted with a social psychological perspective, a contribution can be made to poverty reduction with multidimensional research methods.
Medical Communication and SARS-CoV-2: Novel Approaches to Global Health Crises Communication as Called for by the W.H.O.
Authors: de Rothewelle Jonathan
Published: March 2021

This analysis of medical comics has been conducted to respond to the WHO’s call for health communication research during global health crises. This analysis uses a lens composed of the theories of semiotics, communication, and biomedical ethics, to assess the communicative value of SARS-CoV-2 comics as a form of health communication. The findings of this analysis show that medical comics could fulfil, in part, the WHO’s call for more research on health communication during pandemics, suggesting that comics could be ethically and effectively used to disseminate information. The findings recommend a broader scope of the research of comics in medicine and call for standardized guidelines for their use.
Rolandic Epilepsy: Self-Limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes
Authors: Guliyeva Ulviyya , Nino Tatishvili Nana , Kaiyrzhanov Rauan
Published: March 2021

Childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, had been previously considered as benign childhood epilepsy. According to the new classification proposed by Sheffer I. and colleagues the term “benign” has been changed to “self-limited”. Many studies reported that BECTS may cause transient or long lasting cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Rolandic epilepsy is the most frequent among the childhood focal epilepsy and may account for about 15–25% of all epileptic syndromes diagnosed between the ages of 5 to 15 years. The incidence range changes between 7.1–21 per 100000 in population younger than 15 years with male predominance. The age of onset in 90% of cases between 1 and 10 years with peak around 6–7 years. Seizures mainly occur during a night sleep, whereas the probability of awake seizures are less than 10%. The characteristic clinical features are: (1) focal motor seizure with unilateral orofacial tonic or clonic contractions; (2) speech arrest; (3) hypersalivation; (4) sensory symptoms represented by unilateral numbness or paresthesia of tongue, lips, gum and inner part of the check; (5) unilateral clonic jerk in leg and arm with postictal paresis; (6) generalized seizures. The EEG picture is distinctive in Rolandic epilepsy. The background activity is almost always preserved in awake state and during a sleep. The typical interictal EEG pattern is high voltage, diphasic spikes or sharp waves frequently with slow activity on central-midtemporal region. The centrotemporal spikes or rolandic spikes come from the lower rolandic region created a horizontal dipole with maximal electronegativity in the centrotemporal region and electropositivity in the frontal region usually seen unilateral or bilateral. In most cases children with RE have a good prognosis regarding both seizures and neurodevelopment. The remission of seizures usually occurs before the age of 18 years. The cognitive and behavior problem may happen in active period of disease which are reversable in most of patients.
Pathophysiologic Approach to Type 2 Diabetes Management: One Centre Experience 1980–2020
Authors: Chlup Rudolf , Kaňa Richard , Hanáčková Lada , Zálešáková Hana , Doubravová Blanka
Published: March 2021

This overview summarizes the evolution of pathophysiologic treatment of diabetes type 2 (T2D) in the period of the last 40 years. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) and Real World Evidence (RWE) studies resulted in recent Statements of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) in the year 2020. Case reports and studies of a single-centre in Czech Republic are reported. The authors demonstrate the impact of (1) multiple doses of rapid insulin, (2) multiple doses of rapid or ultrarapid insulin analogs (3) continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (4) incretin receptor agonists, (5) fixed combination of insulin degludec with liraglutide (IDegLira) and (6) SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, on plasma glucose concentration, HbA1c, body mass and patient satisfaction. The importance of therapeutic patients’ education and technology (personal glucometers, continuous/flash glucose monitors, insulin pens/pumps) is emphasized. Most of the observations were already published. Hence, individually adopted education, lifstyle, technical equipment, incretin receptor agonists and/or metformin and/or gliflozins and/or insulin analogs appear to be the core of an effective pathophysiologic approach. Scientific conclusions from RCTs, RWE trials and own clinical case reports may prevail over clinical inertia and induce early implementation of effective methods into routine T2D treatment.
The Religious Dimension of Skepticism
Authors: Gutschmidt Rico ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2021

Philosophical skepticism, according to numerous influential accounts of it, is bound up with our failure or inability to adopt an “absolute” standpoint. Similarly, many religions speak of an “absolute” that also is beyond human reach. With this similarity in mind, I will develop what I take to be a religious dimension of skepticism. First, I will discuss the connection that Stanley Cavell draws between his reading of skepticism and the notions of God and original sin. I will then refer to William James’s description of the religious experience of conversion and apply it to the transformative aspect of skepticism. Finally, I will argue with respect to mysticism and negative theology that the transformative experiences one can find in both skepticism and religion can be interpreted as yielding an experiential understanding of the finitude of the human condition.
Creating community, learning together: Designing and delivering a program for staff professional development
Authors: Scull Amanda
Published: March 2021

Library staff development was a popular topic in the literature of the early 2000s, particularly as the professional duties of library staff shifted into the digital realm, but it seems to have been superseded in its popularity by other topics more recently (the most recent ALA data available on staff development funding is from 2001). My anecdotal experience and observation include many libraries in which professional development for librarians has been supported, funded, and encouraged, but where opportunities for nonlibrarian staff have been fewer and rarely required or expected. The subject of this article is a staff development program that was developed at the Dartmouth College Biomedical Libraries to encourage professional development for all staff and to respond to a period of intense change by bringing staff together within a supportive learning community.
C&RL Spotlight
Authors: Kaspar Wendi
Published: March 2021

Magical thinkingSo, 2021 was supposed to be the big reset--as if by flipping the calendar, it would erase the chaos that came before, a vitriolic president, economic downturn, social unrest, and a pandemic would all be swept away by the panacea of the bright new year with its promise of a new president and widespread vaccines.
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: March 2021

Association for Diplomatic Studies & TrainingBureau of Economic AffairsErnest Hemingway Collection
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: March 2021

Internet blackoutsOutcomes of higher educationFreedom of Information Act requestsDigitized presidential collectionsCollege students amid COVID-19
Effective dynamics of nucleosome configurations at the yeast PHO5 promoter
Authors: Wolff Michael Roland , Schmid Andrea , Korber Philipp , Gerland Ulrich
Published: March 2021

Chromatin dynamics are mediated by remodeling enzymes and play crucial roles in gene regulation, as established in a paradigmatic model, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHO5 promoter. However, effective nucleosome dynamics, that is, trajectories of promoter nucleosome configurations, remain elusive. Here, we infer such dynamics from the integration of published single-molecule data capturing multi-nucleosome configurations for repressed to fully active PHO5 promoter states with other existing histone turnover and new chromatin accessibility data. We devised and systematically investigated a new class of ‘regulated on-off-slide’ models simulating global and local nucleosome (dis)assembly and sliding. Only seven of 68,145 models agreed well with all data. All seven models involve sliding and the known central role of the N-2 nucleosome, but regulate promoter state transitions by modulating just one assembly rather than disassembly process. This is consistent with but challenges common interpretations of previous observations at the PHO5 promoter and suggests chromatin opening by binding competition.
Opposing effects of T cell receptor signal strength on CD4 T cells responding to acute versus chronic viral infection
Authors: Künzli Marco , Reuther Peter , Pinschewer Daniel D , King Carolyn G
Published: March 2021

A hallmark of adaptive immunity is CD4 T cells’ ability to differentiate into specialized effectors. A long-standing question is whether T cell receptor (TCR) signal strength can dominantly instruct the development of Th1 and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells across distinct infectious contexts. We characterized the differentiation of murine CD4 TCR transgenic T cells responding to altered peptide ligand lymphocytic choriomeningitis viruses (LCMV) derived from acute and chronic parental strains. We found that TCR signal strength exerts opposite and hierarchical effects on the balance of Th1 and Tfh cells responding to acute versus persistent infection. TCR signal strength correlates positively with Th1 generation during acute but negatively during chronic infection. Weakly activated T cells express lower levels of markers associated with chronic T cell stimulation and may resist functional inactivation. We anticipate that the panel of recombinant viruses described herein will be valuable for investigating a wide range of CD4 T cell responses.
Estimating SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and epidemiological parameters with uncertainty from serological surveys
Authors: Larremore Daniel B , Fosdick Bailey K , Bubar Kate M , Zhang Sam , Kissler Stephen M , Metcalf C Jessica E , Buckee Caroline O , Grad Yonatan H
Published: March 2021

Establishing how many people have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 remains an urgent priority for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Serological tests that identify past infection can be used to estimate cumulative incidence, but the relative accuracy and robustness of various sampling strategies have been unclear. We developed a flexible framework that integrates uncertainty from test characteristics, sample size, and heterogeneity in seroprevalence across subpopulations to compare estimates from sampling schemes. Using the same framework and making the assumption that seropositivity indicates immune protection, we propagated estimates and uncertainty through dynamical models to assess uncertainty in the epidemiological parameters needed to evaluate public health interventions and found that sampling schemes informed by demographics and contact networks outperform uniform sampling. The framework can be adapted to optimize serosurvey design given test characteristics and capacity, population demography, sampling strategy, and modeling approach, and can be tailored to support decision-making around introducing or removing interventions.
Slaughtering a cow in early childhood education: Pedagogic meetings with destruction as change
Authors: Aslanian Teresa K. , Moxnes Anna
Published: March 2021

This article explores the concept of change in education through an examination of the entangled processes of destruction and creation made visible during a Norwegian kindergarten’s tradition of participating in a cow-slaughter in its local community.  The article offers a methodological exploration, activating the theoretical perspectives of relational ontology, plasticity and critical animal studies. We present the event as a narrative and analyze it through these three perspectives, with special attention paid to unintentional change and change as an ontological concept. The discussion illuminates how children grasped destruction as change through creativity and play, and how ethical complexities are entangled with education, animal-based food production, traditions, play, and research.
Characteristics and limitations of a secondary dose check software for VMAT plan calculation
Authors: Shepard Andrew J. , Frigo Sean P.
Published: March 2021

Purpose

To assess the implementation, accuracy, and validity of the dosimetric leaf gap correction (DLGC) in Mobius3D VMAT plan calculations.

Methods

The optimal Mobius3D DLGC was determined for both a TrueBeam with a Millennium multi‐leaf collimator and a TrueBeamSTx with a high‐definition multi‐leaf collimator. By analyzing a broad series of seven VMAT plans and comparing the calculated to the measured dose delivered to a cylindrical phantom, optimal DLGC values were determined by minimizing the dose difference for both the collection of all plans, as well as for each plan individually. The effects of plan removal from the optimization of the collective DLGC value, as well as plan‐specific DLGC values, were explored to determine the impact of plan suite design on the final DLGC determination.

Results

Optimal collective DLGC values across all energies were between −0.71 and 0.89 mm for the TrueBeam, and between 0.35 and 1.85 mm for the TrueBeamSTx. The dose differences ranged between −6.1% and 2.6% across all plans when the optimal collective DLGC values were used. On a per‐plan basis, the plan‐specific optimal DLGC values ranged from −4.36 to 2.35 mm for the TrueBeam, and between −1.83 and 2.62 mm for the TrueBeamSTx. Comparing the plan‐specific optimal DLGC to the average absolute leaf position from the central axis for each plan, a negative correlation was observed.

Conclusions

The optimal DLGC determination depends on the plans investigated, making it essential for users to utilize a suite of test plans that encompasses the full range of expected clinical plans when determining the optimal DLGC value. Validation of the secondary dose calculation should always be based on measurements, and not a comparison with the primary TPS. Varying disagreement with measurements across plans for a single DLGC value indicates potential limitations in the Mobius3D MLC model.
On the origins of food loss
Authors: Delgado Luciana , Schuster Monica , Torero Maximo
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we try to understand what the main causes of food losses (FLs) are. Our results show that producers' education and experience and the number of years in which a producer has been involved in the production of a specific crop are significantly correlated with reduction in FL. Unfavorable climatic conditions, pests, and diseases, as well as limited knowledge and access to equipment, credit, and markets, are also challenges to increasing production of higher quality and therefore reasons for FL. Policies to reduce and prevent FL need to be targeted to specific commodities and contexts.

JEL CLASSIFICATION

Q13; Q18; Q58
Food safety: A policy history and introduction to avenues for economic research
Authors: Hoffmann Sandra , Ashton Lydia , Ahn Jae‐Wan
Published: March 2021

Foodborne illness ranks seventh globally among major health hazards, falling between air pollution and tuberculosis. Yet food safety is relatively understudied by economists. This paper provides an introduction to food safety for economists new to the subject. It presents an overview of the problem, the history of major policy reforms, and the structure of food safety governance in the United States and internationally. It identifies potential opportunities for economists in interdisciplinary food safety research and presents one example of this kind of collaboration, namely research focused on identifying the food sources of US Campylobacter infections.

JEL CLASSIFICATION

I1; Q17; Q18
Legumes and nutrient management improve phosphorus and potassium balances in long‐term crop rotations
Authors: White Kathryn E. , Cavigelli Michel A. , Bagley Gwendolyn
Published: March 2021

Balancing P and K inputs with crop needs is challenging in cropping systems applying poultry litter (PL) for N. We compared P and K balances of PL‐amended organic and mineral‐fertilized conventional systems over 13 yr. In organic systems, lower legume cover crop biomass (3,462 ± 421 vs. 4,691 ± 436 kg ha−1) and N contributions in a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation (Org2) led to 58% greater PL applications to corn than in a corn–soybean–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation (Org3); as did alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in a corn–soybean–wheat–alfalfa rotation (Org6). Greater Org2 and Org3 P inputs reduced harvest exports by 106 and 102 kg ha−1, respectively, increased mean P balances by 209 kg ha−1, and mean Mehlich 3 P concentrations by 9.6 mg kg−1 compared to Org6. Alfalfa exported 62% of P and 56% of K applied throughout the Org6 rotation. Due to alfalfa export, the annual P surplus was small (9 kg ha−1) and soil P was “optimum” in Org6. Soil test‐based fertilizer application in tilled and no‐till conventional systems with initially high soil P led to a –124 kg ha−1 P balance and optimum soil P. Fertilizer and PL K applications exceeding crop uptake led to positive K balances in all systems but greater retention of PL than fertilizer K. Legume cover crops or forages and increasing crop rotation length/complexity improved organic system P and K balances. Soil test‐based fertilizer application in conventional systems reduced high soil test P while maintaining yields.