bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HERNIA DE AMYAND TIPO 3. REPORTE DE CASO
Authors: Jaramillo Bolívar Yoselin Elienai , Galindez Girón Loyda Brunilde , Freites Morales Aliuba , Soto Díaz Giselmar José Estefany , Guevara Pérez David Abraham , Yoris Marín Carlos Enrique
Published: March 2021

Se describe a la Hernia de Amyand como la presencia del apéndice cecal dentro de un saco herniario inguinal con un proceso inflamatorio-Infeccioso o no, cuya frecuencia <1% de los casos de hernias inguinales. Objetivo: exponer caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica de la hernia de Amyand tipo 3. Métodos: Paciente masculino de 65 años de edad con enfermedad actual de inicio 10 días previo a ingreso cuando posterior a esfuerzo físico presenta aumento de volumen no reductible en región inguinal derecha dolorosa, posteriormente 24 horas previo a ingreso presenta dolor de fuerte intensidad en región inguinal derecha, persistencia del aumento de volumen y signos de flogosis, nauseas y alzas termicas no cuantificadas, por lo cual acude a nuestra institución. Examen fisico: abdomen blando depresible doloroso a la palpación profunda en fosa iliaca derecha sin signos de irritación peritoneal, se apreciaba aumento de volumen en region inguinal derecha, no reductible, doloroso a la palpación con rubor y calor local, genitales masculinos con dolor a la palpación de testiculo derecho. Resultados: Hernia Inguinal derecha Atascada. Intervención Quirurgica: Hernioplastia Inguinal por Tecnica de Cierre Preperitoneal sin colocación de malla, apendisectomía atípica por Técnica de Pouchet. Conclusión: La Hernia de Amyand es una patología poco frecuente, que se presenta <1% y acompañada de complicaciones <0,1%, debe sospecharse en pacientes que presente una patología herniaria derecha con leucocitosis y neutrofilia sin otro foco infeccioso demostrado, donde el diagnostico principalmente se hace intraoperatorio como lo expone el presente caso.
Buprenorphine maintenance treatment in patients with opioid use disorder diagnosed with COVID-19
Authors: Frost, MD, FACP, FASAM Michael
Published: March 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic is impacting individuals with pre-existing opioid use disorder (OUD), many of whom are receiving daily dosed buprenorphine treatment. There is a limited clinical experience with how to manage buprenorphine maintenance in infected individuals. Published guidance considers the possibility of dosage or formulation changes. This case series reports on 10 cases involving individuals with OUD who were receiving daily dosed buprenorphine and contracted COVID-19. It was found that for those with mild-moderate COVID-19 disease, in the absence of significant respiratory symptoms, changes to buprenorphine management including changes to daily dose, were not necessary.
Narcotic use in patients following a traumatic injury
Authors: Bethea, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP Audis , Samanta, MS Damayanti , Amodeo, MD Kellie
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine the incidence and factors associated with long-term opioid use in trauma patients who were previously opioid-naïve.Design: A retrospective cohort study.Setting: Level I Trauma Center.Patients, participants: Patients admitted to the study institution between January and October 2016 following traumatic injury. Trauma patients were linked with data from the state's Controlled Substance Monitoring Program (CSMP) database regarding controlled substance use.Main outcome measure(s): Long-term use (LTU) of opioid medications following hospital discharge. Long-term use was defined as 4 weeks and above based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's recommendation that opioid therapy should not be continued for > 4 weeks without a clinician evaluating the risk versus benefits of continued therapy.Results: The incidence of LTU in previously naïve patients was 46 percent. Preexisting psychiatric illness (OR = 4.764, 95 percent CI = 1.592-14.260, p = 0.005) and prior controlled substance use (OR = 4.155, 95 percent CI = 1.903-9.072) were determined to be predictors for LTU. Patients with psychiatric comorbid conditions were almost five times more likely to be in the LTU group. Those with prior controlled substance use history were four times more likely to be in the LTU group.Conclusions: These findings provide initial insight concerning the LTU of opioids in previously naïve patients. Application of these data may facilitate early identification of patients at risk for LTU following traumatic injury and serve to influence prescribing practices in these at-risk individuals.
Impact of non-benzodiazepine sleep hypnotics on opioid overdose risk
Authors: Nguyen, PharmD Van , Herndon, PharmD, BCACP Christopher M.
Published: March 2021

Increasing concerns regarding concomitant use of benzodiazepines with opioids have been addressed by FDA drug safety communications and are increasingly recognized amongst prescribers. However, non-benzodiazepine sleep hypnotics continue to be prescribed with opioids.
Plumbagin triggers redox-mediated autophagy through the LC3B protein in human papillomavirus-positive cervical cancer cells
Authors: Periasamy Vaiyapuri Subbarayan , Athinarayanan Jegan , Ramankutty Girija , Akbarsha Mohammad A. , Alshatwi Ali A.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

In this study, we analyzed the effect of plumbagin (PL) on cultured SiHa cervical cancer cells using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques to identify the mode of cell death and to elucidate whether cells die through apoptosis or non-apoptosis.

Material and methods

The cell death was analyzed using MTT assay. The cellular morphological changes were assessed using acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining. DNA damage and cell cycle progression were analyzed using a comet assay and flow cytometry respectively.

Results

Morphological and cytological features revealed that PL induced autophagic cell death in cancer cells. The results of a cell cycle analysis indicated that the proportion of cells in sub-G0 phase increased. Translocation of LC-3B protein from the cytoplasm to the autophagosome was found in 31% of PL-treated cells, suggesting that PL provoked autophagic cell death. In this study, it was observed that plumbagin treatment caused cleavage of DNA in SiHa cancer cells, and morphological analysis provided very strong evidence supporting the occurrence of autophagic cell death as a result of plumbagin treatment.

Conclusions

In addition, a Cytoscape-based protein-PL interaction network analysis provided very strong evidence in support of the specific mode of cell death in the context of autophagy, which has also been one of the desired endpoints in human papillomavirus-positive cervical cancer therapy and apoptotic cell death-resistant cancer treatment. Thus, this study is the first to test PL against the SiHa cervical cancer cell line, providing leads for further testing on non-apoptotic cell death for application in cervical cancer management.
The role of tensins in malignant neoplasms
Authors: Nizioł Marcin , Pryczynicz Anna
Published: March 2021

Tensins belong to the family of adhesion proteins which form focal adhesions serving as a bridge between the extracellular matrix and intracellular actin skeleton. The tensin family consists of four members (tensin-1 to -4) which are widely expressed in normal and cancerous tissues. The presence of Src homology 2 and phosphotyrosine binding domains is a unique feature of tensins which enables them to interact with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in PI3K/Akt and β-integrin/FAK signaling pathways. The tensin-mediated signaling pathway regulates physiological processes including cell motility and cytoskeleton integrity. The expression of tensins varies among cancers. Several papers report tensins as tumor suppressive proteins, whereas tensins may promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cancer cell metastasis. Recent findings and further research on tensins as therapeutic targets in cancers may contribute to identifying effective anti-cancer therapy. In this review we focus on the role of tensins in normal and cancer cells. We discuss potential mechanism(s) involved in carcinogenesis.
LncRNA MIR155HG functions as a ceRNA for inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma growth and prediction of prognosis
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Jie
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) functioning as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) play critical roles in tumour progression. However, prognosis-related ceRNA networks in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been well characterised.

Material and methods

LUAD datasets were downloaded from the TCGA database, and the patients were divided into metastasis and non-metastasis groups. The differential expression of lncRNAs (DELs), miRNAs (DEMs), and mRNAs (DEGs) was analysed using the Limma package. Next, interactions between miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA were predicted by miRcode, miRTarBase, miRDB, and TargetScan. The ceRNA network was constructed based on these interactions using Cytoscape software. DEG enrichment analysis was performed by GO and KEGG. After the prognosis analysis, we further screened molecules and constructed the prognosis-related ceRNA network. Moreover, the interactions between lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA were validated by biological experiments.

Results

854 DELs, 150 DEMs, and 2211 DEGs between metastasis and non-metastasis LUAD patients were identified. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that DEGs were closely related to key biological processes involved in LUAD progression. The prognosis-related ceRNA network included 1 miRNA, 2 lncRNAs, and 4 mRNAs. In this network, MIR155HG and ADAMTS9-AS2 can function as ceRNAs of miR-212 to regulate EPM2AIP1, LAX1, PRICKLE2, and CD226. Moreover, our study confirmed that MIR155HG inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells by sponging miR-212-3p to regulate CD226.

Conclusions

This ceRNA network contributes to understanding the pathogenesis of LUAD. Furthermore, the molecules in the network are valuable predictive factors for LUAD prognosis as well as potential therapeutic biomarkers.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM MODEL OF THE CORPORATE ENTERPRISE ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architeture, Avanesova Nina , Tahajuddin Sulaiman ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Hetman Olha ,   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Serhiienko Yuliia ,   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Makedon Vyacheslav ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Published: March 2021

The article describes organizational and methodological components of using strategic management within a framework of corporate governance and development. The authors have formed a range of methodological provisions, regarding the choice of a marketing strategy by the corporate enterprise. They identified the main recourse flows within the framework of the used strategies. They also determined the strategic management components, required for providing efficiency of the corporations’ physical resources formation and use. They developed a graphical model for the determination of the corporation’s strategic position on the market. It was proved that a functional strategy involves a close correlation between the management and incorporated ownership relations, manifesting itself in a strategy in the field of finance of the corporation, ensuring corporation industrial stability, effective use of physical resources, the formation of the cash resources funds in the established amount, real property management and caretaking control, etc. The authors offered a methodology for conducting a strategic evaluation of the corporation in the basic market conditions.
FORMATION OF ART COMPETENCE USING THE UKRAINIAN FOLK TOY AMONG YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH LOW VISION
Authors: Fedorenko Svitlana , Dashkovska Alisa
Published: March 2021

The article notes that remedial and compensatory focus of the teaching and education of children with visual impairments is the content of all educational activities in the institutions with special education that is implemented during the formation of competences necessary for their further socialization. An important value acquired by the use of folk toy becomes more important in correctional and educational work of Ukrainian special educational institutions for primary school age children with visual impairments, which helps to eliminate secondary deviation, resulting from the impairment.
It is noted that the low level of activity with a folk toy among elementary schoolchildren with visual impairments is related to the fact that it did not find its proper place in the educational process of special schools for a number of reasons.
The experimental method of art competence formed around Ukrainian folk toys in primary schools for students with low vision, which depends on the creation of optimal educational environment in a special educational institution, is described. In the design of the educational environment, the appropriate organizational and didactic pedagogical conditions for the formation of components (cognitive, activity, emotional) of visual competence about Ukrainian folk toys for pupils with reduced vision were determined.
The proposed experimental methodology, including seminars, workshops, trainings, etc., favoured the increase of teachers’ professional competence level in using Ukrainian folk toys in corrective work with children that have monistic sight. An example of the content and organization of several topics of the workshop «Ukrainian Folk Toy», which became the main form of work on the formation of components of artistic competence, is presented.
The effectiveness of the experimental training technique is proved.
THE INTERPRETATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM CONCEPT IN PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCE
Authors: Pozdniakova Olena
Published: March 2021

The article reveals the essence of the educational system, one of the basic concepts of the pedagogical science. For deeper understanding of this phenomenon, scientists' approaches to interpreting the concept of "system" were primarily considered. It was established that the researched concept was identified by scientists as an object, certain unity, dynamic formation consisting of interdependent parts (Andrushchenko V., Ponomaryova H., Kuzmin V.); a set of interacting elements (Shynkaruk V., Bertalanffy L.). Various scientific approaches to the definition of "educational system" concept were analyzed in the article. The analysis revealed the fact that in most cases the "educational system" is treated by scientists as a certain set of interrelated components (Berezyna V., Yermakov I., Kojaspirova H., Kojaspirov A., Karakovsky V., Lenev Y., Luchaninova O., Manuilov Y., Nechiporenko V., Novikova L., Pohorila I., Selivanova N.); the following general and specific characteristics of the educational system and its functions are marked in the definitions of the educational system concept: the system provides the implementation of goals, contributes to the overall harmonious development of the personality, creates space for self-realization and implementation of life goals, etc. (Lenev Y., Rapacevich E., Luchaninova O.); in our study we consider the concept of "educational system" as a structured set of components (purpose, subjects of education, their activity, communication, relations, human potential, material base). Their well- coordinated functioning ensures the development and self-realization for all participants of the pedagogical process. The results of the research will reveal the key methodological aspects related to the process of building the educational system in educational and rehabilitation institutions; educational space creation as an important mechanism for functioning of the educational system in educational and rehabilitation institutions; technologizing of the educational system which implies the compliance with general educational principles; improvements in functioning and management processes of separate system components in educational and rehabilitation institutions.
THE SYSTEM OF PREPARING FUTURE PHYSICS TEACHERS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF STUDENTS’ INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES.
Authors: Andrieiev Andrii , Tykhonska Nataliia
Published: March 2021

The article presents conceptual provisions used for preparation of future physics teachers for the organization of students’ innovation activities, which form the basis for the development of a model for training future physics teachers for the organization of
students' innovation activities in the educational process. The main idea of this model is to implement a two-component system of training future physics teachers for the organization of students’ innovative activities; its first (educational) component is related to the students’ targeted learning activity in the context of forming readiness for organizing students’ innovation activities; the second (professional) component is implemented in the future teacher’s quasi- professional activities, during which he or she is the organizer of students’ innovation activities. This idea implies the continuity of teacher's professional training and provides for: 1) updating the content of professional training for a future physics teacher by developing educational programs, curricula, programs of disciplines, teaching materials that should take into account the innovative nature of the professional activities accomplished by a future teacher; 2) the use of a three-level structure for preparing future physics teachers for organizing students' innovative activities creates conditions for: appropriate theoretical training of students (first level); acquiring practical skills and experience in implementing innovative activities in the learning process (second level); students aim at organizing their innovative search in the educational process in physics (third level); 3) organization of the educational environment in the conditions of quasi- professional activity of students provides for the approximation of educational activities of future teachers to the forms of their professional activity in order to imitate those elements of pedagogical activity that future physics teachers will have to perform; 4) the use of methods, forms and means of training in the process of vocational training that contribute to attracting students to innovative search during the class and extracurricular forms of work; 5) increasing the role of independent work of students in the educational process by involving them in research activities on the creation and implementation of innovative educational products; 6) creation of conditions for the involvement of students in the leadership of the research work in the process of their preparation for participation in
national and international competitions. The model offers a three-level structure for the
training of future teachers of physics for the organization of students' innovative activity.
CRITERIA OF EFFICIENCY OF HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHERS (US AND GREAT BRITAIN EXPERIENCE)
Authors: Belmaz Yaroslava
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the work efficiency issue of a higher education teacher. The author analyzes the main criteria for determining the efficiency of a higher education teacher in the US and Great Britain. It is established that a significant amount of research on the effectiveness of teachers’ work is associated with a study of the validity of determining the rating of teachers among students. It was determined that the student rating of teachers is highly correlated with the personal qualities of the teacher, student achievement, student rating and assessment of teachers by the same students after a few years. The author emphasizes that it is impossible to evaluate teaching objectively, based on one source of information. American scientists identify the so-called triad of sources for the effective evaluation of higher education teachers: students, colleagues, and self-evaluation.
Governance, water security and citizenship in Brazil, 2019
Authors: Costa Neves Estela
Published: March 2021

Even though benefitting from over 12% of the world’s surface freshwater, Brazil nevertheless has undergone increasingly frequent water scarcity crises in both rural and urban areas. This paper presents the results of an exploratory research on water security issues in Brazil, developed according to a three-step methodology. The concept of water security is discussed based on a review of the literature, taking into account the sustainability criterion. An institutional analysis of water governance in Brazil, summarized from the perspective of water security, based on Brazilian constitutional mentions related to water, followed by the identification of policy initiatives at national and subnational level.
Embrapa e a cooperação científica internacional: do emparelhamento (catching-up) com a revolução verde à liderança tecnológica na agricultura tropical
Authors: Ponciano Nascimento Petula , Castro Ana Célia
Published: March 2021

A criação da Empresa brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), em 1973, consolidou um novo conceito para a pesquisa e inovação no Brasil, com base numa estratégia nacional para o desenvolvimento da agricultura. No final dos anos 1990, o Brasil já era reconhecido como líder internacional na agricultura tropical. No entanto, para permanecer na vanguarda, era necessária a realização de estudos prospectivos. Tratava-se de uma estratégia inovadora, na qual a Cooperação Internacional assumia um papel estratégico: a criação dos LABEX (Laboratórios do Exterior). Pretendemos reunir neste artigo as dimensões - institucional e organizacional – que permitem analisar a dinâmica do novo modelo de gestão para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa e da inovação na EMBRAPA. Foi possível constatar que, ao criar o Labex, a atuação internacional da Embrapa pretendia manter-se na fronteira tecnológica da agricultura tropical, o que exigia um esforço permanente. A continuidade dos Labex, no entanto, não se demonstrou duradoura. Novas prioridades de pesquisa institucional poderiam reconsiderar o seu papel.
O Desenvolvimento para Além dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs): uma Exploração no Norte Fluminense
Authors: Hasenclever Lia , Fauré Yves , Miranda Carolina
Published: March 2021

O objetivo do artigo é avaliar a formulação e a implementação da Política de Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) a partir de dois estudos de caso municipais da região norte fluminense – Campos dos Goytacazes e Macaé, no período 2002 a 2016. A metodologia adotada analisa indicadores quantitativos e qualitativos do crescimento e do desenvolvimento econômico e humano dos municípios e, a seguir, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e investigações de campo, os três setores da região contemplados com a marca APL. Os resultados mostram que, apesar do crescimento econômico dos municípios de 2002 a 2014, os setores de fruticultura irrigada e de cerâmica em Campos, e de petróleo e gás em Macaé não foram capazes de mudar a estrutura econômica local ou melhorar o bem-estar da população. O estudo ilustra os limites da Política de APLs e a importância dela ser repensada de forma integrada a outros setores da região e nacionais.
USO DE RECURSO DIDÁTICO PARA O ENSINO DE PORCENTAGEM: O RELATO DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA NOS ANOS FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Oliveira Gabriel Santos de , Pereira Geiza Batista , Silva Américo Junior Nunes da
Published: March 2021

Este relato de experiência é resultado de uma atividade de observação e inserção no espaço escolar, fomentado pela disciplina de Laboratório do Ensino de Matemática I, do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática do Campus VII da UNEB, Senhor do Bonfim — BA. O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar uma experiência de observação e inserção no espaço escolar dos anos finais do ensino fundamental e refletir sobre o quanto a mesma foi importante no processo de constituição da identidade docente. A atividade ocorreu ao longo de algumas semanas do segundo semestre de 2019 e totalizou 12 horas de inserção, da observação até a validação de material didático. A metodologia utilizada para a análise do espaço escolar foi a observação, seguido pela proposição de material didático para intervenção na realidade observada. Os resultados, após a realização da atividade, foram satisfatórios, tanto para os alunos quanto para os futuros professores, o que fortalece ainda mais a necessidade de incentivar esse tipo de atividade no espaço de formação inicial antes da realização do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado.
ASPECTOS SOCIAIS E JURÍDICOS DA VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA CONTRA O HOMEM
Authors: Assis Tiago Saraiva de
Published: March 2021

A violência doméstica é uma mazela social, presente, muitas vezes, silenciosamente, em diversos lares, causando danos irreparáveis em suas vítimas. Embora já haja avanços da lei nesse sentindo, o que podemos observar é a maneira como a vítima se comporta diante das agressões, na maioria das vezes não denunciando por vergonha de familiares, vizinhos ou até mesmo, por descrédito nas autoridades. Muito embora, em um primeiro momento, a expressão violência doméstica seja interpretada como violência contra a mulher, ela pode ser desferida contra qualquer pessoa, indiferente de gênero ou orientação sexual. Ocorre diferenciação na proteção estatal a direitos básicos, como direito à integridade física e à saúde, devido ao gênero? No presente trabalho será abordada a violência contra o homem, existente, em comparativo, na mesma proporção que a violência contra a mulher, porém pouco difundida e tratada como um tabu.
AQUISIÇÃO DE LEITURA EM CRIANÇAS DO PRIMEIRO CICLO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL É UM DESAFIO AOS PROFESSORES
Authors: Souza Maria de Nazaré Madureira de
Published: March 2021

O processo de aquisição da aprendizagem da leitura é base crucial para qualquer ação educativa. Ler, compreender, interpretar, decifrar o que leu são elementos primordiais para a ampliação do senso crítico, formação de uma cidadania plena, permitindo assim, a continuação dos estudos inclusão e atuação do indivíduo na sociedade. Ressalta-se, que as crianças ao iniciarem o processo de alfabetização estão impregnadas de uma gama de conhecimentos, que quando usados com eficiência são grandes aliados no processo de ensino e aprendizado da leitura. Afinal, aprender com o que já se conhece, a aprendizagem torna-se mais fácil e eficaz. Sabe-se que os problemas relacionados à leitura no primeiro ciclo do Ensino Fundamental não serão solucionados em curto prazo, pois, faz-se necessário a intervenção e cooperação dos vários sujeitos que estão engajados direta ou indiretamente no processo de ensino. Daí a necessidade de um novo redimensionamento no processo educativo. Buscar novas formas, novos modelos de aplicar a leitura, modernizando metodologias de acordo com a realidade e contemporaneidade da criança proporcionando-lhe um ambiente atrativo, encantador, envolvente que lhe permita querer aprender ler e que ela possa adquirir o gosto e hábito pela leitura.
First validation of GOME-2/MetOp absorbing aerosol height using EARLINET lidar observations
Authors: Michailidis Konstantinos , Koukouli Maria-Elissavet , Siomos Nikolaos , Balis Dimitris , Tuinder Olaf , Tilstra L. Gijsbert , Mona Lucia , Pappalardo Gelsomina , Bortoli Daniele
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of the
Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instruments, aboard the
Meteorological Operational (MetOp)-A, MetOp-B and MetOp-C satellite programme platforms, to
deliver accurate geometrical features of lofted aerosol layers. For this
purpose, we use archived ground-based lidar data from stations available
from the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) database. The
data are post-processed using the wavelet covariance transform (WCT) method
in order to extract geometrical features such as the planetary boundary
layer (PBL) height and the cloud boundaries. To obtain a significant number
of collocated and coincident GOME-2 – EARLINET cases for the period between
January 2007 and September 2019, 13 lidar stations, distributed over
different European latitudes, contributed to this validation. For the 172
carefully screened collocations, the mean bias was found to be −0.18 ± 1.68 km,
with a near-Gaussian distribution. On a station basis, and with a
couple of exceptions where very few collocations were found, their mean
biases fall in the ± 1 km range with an associated standard deviation
between 0.5 and 1.5 km. Considering the differences, mainly due to the
temporal collocation and the difference, between the satellite pixel size
and the point view of the ground-based observations, these results can be
quite promising and demonstrate that stable and extended aerosol layers as
captured by the satellite sensors are verified by the ground-based data. We
further present an in-depth analysis of a strong and long-lasting Saharan
dust intrusion over the Iberian Peninsula. We show that, for this
well-developed and spatially well-spread aerosol layer, most GOME-2
retrievals fall within 1 km of the exact temporally collocated lidar
observation for the entire range of 0 to 150 km radii. This finding further
testifies for the capabilities of the MetOp-borne instruments to sense the
atmospheric aerosol layer heights.
A robust low-level cloud and clutter discrimination method for ground-based millimeter-wavelength cloud radar
Authors: Hu Xiaoyu , Ge Jinming , Du Jiajing , Li Qinghao , Huang Jianping , Fu Qiang
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Low-level clouds play a key role in the energy budget and hydrological cycle
of the climate system. The accurate long-term observation of low-level clouds
is essential for understanding their climate effect and model
constraints. Both ground-based and spaceborne millimeter-wavelength cloud
radars can penetrate clouds but the detected low-level clouds are always
contaminated by clutter, which needs to be removed. In this study, we develop
an algorithm to accurately separate low-level clouds from clutter for
ground-based cloud radar using multi-dimensional probability distribution
functions along with the Bayesian method. The radar reflectivity, linear
depolarization ratio, spectral width, and their dependence on the time of the
day, height, and season are used as the discriminants. A low-pass spatial
filter is applied to the Bayesian undecided classification mask by considering
the spatial correlation difference between clouds and clutter. The final
feature mask result has a good agreement with lidar detection, showing a high
probability of detection rate (98.45 %) and a low false alarm rate
(0.37 %). This algorithm will be used to reliably detect low-level
clouds at the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou
University (SACOL) site for the study of their climate effect and the
interaction with local abundant dust aerosol in semi-arid regions.
What determines the sign of the evapotranspiration response to afforestation in European summer?
Authors: Breil Marcus , Davin Edouard L. , Rechid Diana
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Uncertainties in the evapotranspiration response to afforestation
constitute a major source of disagreement between model-based studies of the
potential climate benefits of forests. Forests typically have higher
evapotranspiration rates than grasslands in the tropics, but whether this is
also the case in the midlatitudes is still debated. To explore this
question and the underlying physical processes behind these varying
evapotranspiration rates of forests and grasslands in more detail, a
regional model study with idealized afforestation scenarios was performed
for Europe. In the first experiment, Europe was maximally forested, and in the
second one, all forests were turned into grassland. The results of this modeling study exhibit the same contradicting
evapotranspiration characteristics of forests and grasslands as documented
in observational studies, but by means of an additional sensitivity
simulation in which the surface roughness of the forest was reduced to
grassland, the mechanisms behind these varying evapotranspiration rates
could be revealed. Due to the higher surface roughness of a forest, solar
radiation is more efficiently transformed into turbulent sensible heat
fluxes, leading to lower surface temperatures (top of vegetation) than in
grassland. The saturation deficit between the vegetation and the atmosphere,
which depends on the surface temperature, is consequently reduced over
forests. This reduced saturation deficit counteracts the transpiration-facilitating characteristics of a forest (deeper roots, a higher leaf area index, LAI, and
lower albedo values than grassland). If the impact of the reduced saturation
deficit exceeds the effects of the transpiration-facilitating
characteristics of a forest, evapotranspiration is reduced compared to
grassland. If not, evapotranspiration rates of forests are higher. The
interplay of these two counteracting factors depends on the latitude and the
prevailing forest type in a region.
The influence of a geostrophic current on the internal tide generation
Authors: He Yangxin , Lamb Kevin
Published: March 2021

We investigate the influence of a barotropic geostrophic current on
internal tide (IT) generation over a shelf slope.
The current $V_g(x)$ is modeled as an idealized Gaussian function centered at
$x_0$ with width $x_r$ and maximum velocity $V_{max}$.
The bathymetry is modelled as a linear slope with smoothed corners.
We calculate the total barotropic-to-baroclinic energy conversion $C =
\int \overbar{C} \,dx = \int \int \rho' g W \,dx\, dz$. 
$\overbar{C}(x,t)$ can be either positive or negative. Positive (negative) conversion means energy is
converted from barotropic to baroclinic (baroclinic to barotropic)
waves. 
The main conclusions are: 1) $V_g(x)$ changes the effective
frequency $f_{eff}$. This has a direct impact on the slope of the IT
characteristics and the slope criticality, which affects the total
conversion rate;
2) Since $(V_g)_x$ is not a constant value, $f_{eff}$ varies along the
slope. This has a significant effect on the IT beam generation
location and its propagation path. If the current is strong enough so
that $f_{eff}$ is greater than the barotropic tidal frequency $\sigma_T$, a blocking
region is formed where the conversion vanishes and IT propagation is blocked;
3) Changes of sign in $\bar{C}(x,t)$ correspond to the locations where
IT beams reflect from the boundaries. As a result, the total conversion rate $C$ is
also strongly affected by the IT beam pattern.
In conclusion, the total conversion rate $C$ is affected by a
combination of three factors: slope criticality, size and location of the blocking
region and the IT beam patterm, all of which can be varied by changing
the strength, width and location of the geostrophic current $V_g(x)$.
Characterizing Germany’s 2018 drought in the context of wet and dry spells since 1901
Authors: Erfurt Mathilde , Glaser Rüdiger , Stahl Kerstin
Published: March 2021

In 2018, large areas of central and northern Europe were affected by an extreme drought. The water deficit propagated through the hydrologic cycle causing precipitation, soil moisture and, towards the end of 2018, streamflow and groundwater deficits. In Germany many socio-economic sectors were severely affected by the drought, e.g. the forestry sector has still not recovered. Main drivers for drought propagation are precipitation deficits. However, the natural variability of dry and wet precipitation patterns over time and space make characterization of droughts and predictions of impacts still challenging.

This study investigates German meteorological drought characteristics within general wet and dry spells since 1901 using station based daily precipitation data. Daily, monthly and seasonal aggregated indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were used to characterize duration, severity and spatial extent of the 2018 drought. These characteristics were then compared with events of extreme droughts since 1901. Even though the meteorological drought of 2018 was extreme considering only precipitation data, we found comparable extremes in the past, for instance 1949 or 1964. However, based on what we observe in the SPI-12, clusters of extreme dry years in the 20th century were often followed by clusters of above average wet years, probably leading to a reduction of impacts in the following years. Since 2003, however, dry patterns predominate. Even though annual precipitation amounts are predicted to increase slightly in the study region this analysis shows the importance of analyzing sub annual as well as multi-year characteristics of precipitation patterns.

Including both wet and dry conditions when characterizing the severity of current drought events may improve our understanding of extreme meteorological drought events causing severe and long lasting impacts.
Seismic event stratigraphy of tectonic Lake Towuti, Sulawesi, Indonesia: a 15 kyrs record of seismo-turbidites
Authors: Tournier Nicolas , Vogel Hendrik , Fabbri Stefano C. , Anselmetti Flavio S. , Russell James M. , Bijaksana Satria , Cahyarini Sri Yudawati
Published: March 2021

Located at the triple junction of the Pacific, Eurasian and Sunda plates, the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia is one of the most tectonically active places on Earth. This is highlighted by the recurrence of devastating earthquakes such as the 2018 Mw 7.5 earthquake that destroyed the city of Palu and caused several thousand deaths in central Sulawesi. The majority of large magnitude earthquakes on Sulawesi are related to stress release along major strike-slip faults such as the Palu-Koro fault and its southern extensions the Matano and Lawanopo faults. To date, information on the frequency and magnitude of major events on these faults is limited to instrumental records, whereas information from historical sources and natural archives is completely lacking. Considering the increase in population density and its extension into distant areas, it is important to better quantify the seismic hazard. Therefore, a systemic catalogue of past earthquakes is essential for the understanding of tectonic dynamics of the area.

            Lake Towuti, situated in Eastern Sulawesi, is a key site to study the paleoseismology on the island. The lake lies close to the Matano strike-slip fault and is hence an ideal archive for past earthquakes that have occurred in the surrounding area. Moreover, its morphology allows a temporally continuous sedimentary succession. The large and deep central basins of the lake preserve the deposits linked to seismic activity. We combine high-resolution Chirp seismic data with sedimentary analyses of sediment piston cores to assess the recurrence of major earthquakes (Mw > 6) in the area, which are expressed by earthquake-triggered Mass Wasting Deposits (MWD). Five major seismic-stratigraphic units are identified in the upper 200 milliseconds TWT and show different depositional mechanisms. MWD’s and associated seismoturbidites can be easily distinguished in seismic data and are well preserved in the cored sedimentary successions in the topmost Unit 1.1. Chronologically Unit 1.1 covers the last 15 kyrs and enables the establishment of an event chronostratigraphy for Lake Towuti’s recent past. The most recent MWD likely corresponds to an AD 1924 Mw 6.5 earthquake, which was recorded to the south of Lake Towuti. In addition, 11 seismoturbidites have been observed in the Late Glacial to Holocene (~15 kyrs) sediment succession. These results tentatively suggest an average recurrence of major events every 1300 to 1400 years.
When water runs dry — peatland C dynamic under extreme droughts
Authors: Jassey Vincent E.J. , Barel Janna M. , Lamentowicz Mariusz
Published: March 2021

Ecosystems are increasingly exposed to climatic extremes, such as drought and extreme rainfall patterns. Recent studies evidenced the strong variability in ecosystem’s response to droughts, raising the issue of non-linear responses in ecosystem’s carbon (C) dynamic. The conundrum is what causes C fluxes to shift in response to drought, and most importantly, does such extreme events have lasting effects? Here, we will synthesize the results from three different studies testing the effect of droughts and/or extreme rainfall patterns on peatland CO2 fluxes.

In a first experiment, we tested the resistance and resilience effects of extreme rainfall patterns on peatland C fluxes in a mesocosm experiment. We found that increasingly intense but less frequent rainfall, with longer intermediate dry periods, destabilises water table dynamic, with cascading effects on peatland C fluxes. Yet, peatland C dynamics might be more resilient than expected as vascular plants may fulfil a compensatory role by taking up more C. Moreover, CO2 fluxes displayed lasting influence of extreme rainfall after restoration of the water table dynamics.

In a second experiment, we manipulated the water table depth in the field and generated a gradient spanning from -5 to -60 cm. We found that substantial changes in peatland CO2 respiration occurred when the water level fell below a critical point of -24 cm. Around that apparently critical water level, we showed that plant and fungal communities were suddenly altered and raised CO2 respiration rates.

In the last experiment, we tested the combined effect of prolonged drought and warming on the C uptake of two Sphagnum species. We found that the effect of climate warming on Sphagnum community photosynthesis toggles from positive to negative as the peatland goes from rainy to dry periods during summer. We further found that mechanisms of compensation among the dominant Sphagnum species stabilized the average C uptake of the Sphagnum community over the growing season.

As a corollary, our results show that extreme climatic events induce functional transitions in peatland C dynamics. These functional transitions further depends on the phenotypic plasticity among plant and microbial species as well as on the evenness of specific functional groups that modulate the effects of droughts on peatland C dynamic.
Dense GPS derived deformation and rotation of intraplate blocks in Central Europe - comparison to seismicity and volcanism
Authors: Deng Zhiguo , Dahm Torsten
Published: March 2021

Intraplate deformation is often small but can nowdays be resolved from high precision GNSS velocity fields derived from decade-long time series and high precision network or point wise  solutions if uncertainties are smaller than ~0.2 mm/a.

If local effects are discarded, dense velocity fields may resolve regional patterns of intraplate deformation and motion, which are related to the bending of lithospheric plates, to mantle upwelling, the diffuse or zoned deformation along structural weaknesses or faults, and the rotation of rigid blocks within a plate. 

We derive for the first time, dense high precision network solutions at 323 GNSS stations in Germany and adjacent areas and resolve regions experiencing uplift with velocities of up to ~2 mm/a, rotational relative motions with angular velocities of ~0.7±0.3 mas/a, and horizontal shear along an extended,  NS trending zone with strain rates in the range of 10-8 1/a. 

We integrate European dense velocity solutions into our dataset to discuss the geodynamic context to European microplate motions, the Alpine collision, the structure of the European mantle, Quaternary volcanism and historical seismicity. 

Unexpectedly, the zones of high horizontal strain rates only partly correlate to seismicity. Such a non-correlation between ongoing horizontal strain and seismicity has been recognized before. We discuss possible reasons for the absence of intraplate seismicity in regions experiencing recent strain, including the stress shadow effects if the strain buildup is reducing shear stresses from plate tectonics. The combination of GNSS derived dense velocity fields with time dependent seismicity models may change our current understanding of intraplate seismicity and impact the assessment of intraplate seismic hazard in future. 
Climate changes and Dynamics of the Agricultural Productions in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Lamonaca Emilia , Santeramo Fabio Gaetano
Published: March 2021

Climate change has the potential to impact the agricultural sector. The impacts of climate change are likely to differ across producing regions of agricultural produce. Future climate scenarios may push some regions into climatic regimes favourable to agricultural production, with potential changes in areas planted with typical Mediterranean products. We examine which is the linkage between climate change and productivity levels in the selected agricultural sectors. Within the framework of agricultural supply response, we assume that acreage and yield are a function of climate change. We find that yield is affected by changes in temperatures and precipitations, with heterogeneous impacts. Acreage is also affected. The impacts vary across Mediterranean Regions, due to different specialisation and to the heterogeneity in climate between them.
Monsoon-driven incision and exhumation of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Groves Katharine , Allen Mark , Saville Christopher , Hurst Martin , Jones Stuart
Published: March 2021

The formation and uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau, driven by the India-Eurasia collision, is the subject of intense research. We analyse the link between climate and tectonics in the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau using geomorphic indices of surface roughness (SR) hypsometric integral (HI) and elevation-relief ratio (ZR) and mean annual precipitation, thermochronology and erosion rate data. Geomorphic indices capture the landscape response to competition between climate and tectonics and reflect the spatial distribution of erosion. This is a region where competing tectonic models suggest either early Cenozoic plateau growth, or a late phase of crustal thickening, surface uplift and plateau growth driven by lower crustal flow (“channel flow”). Swath profiles of rainfall, elevation and the geomorphic indices were constructed, orthogonal to the internal drainage boundary. Each profile was analysed to find the location of maximum change in trend. We identify a broad ˜WSW-ENE trending transition in the landscape where changes in landscape and precipitation are grouped and in alignment. It represents, from east to west, a sharp decline in precipitation (interpreted as the western extent of the East Asian monsoon), a change to a low relief landscape at 4500-5000 m elevation, an increase in ZR and a transition to low HI and SR. This zone cuts across structural boundaries and is not a drainage divide: the main rivers have their headwaters further West, in the interior of the plateau. We argue that this geomorphic-climatic transition zone represents a change from incised to non-incised landscapes, the location of which is controlled by the western extent of the monsoon. Modern erosion rates are lower in the non-incised region, west of the monsoon extent (mean 0.02 mm/yr), than the incised region (mean 0.26 mm/yr). Compiled thermochronology data shows an increase in exhumation from ˜25 Ma in the incised area but no evidence of this increased exhumation in the non-incised area. This pattern supports a model of early Cenozoic growth of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, superimposed by incision driven by Miocene monsoon intensification. Our results do not support the channel flow model, which would predict an eastwards wave of surface uplift and therefore erosion and exhumation during the Miocene, which are not present in the data.