bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die byzantinischen Bleisiegel aus Karthago
Authors: Ζωγραφόπουλος Κωνσταντίνος
Published: January 2022

Ο Pere Laurent, στα πλαίσια του σχεδιασμού ενός Corpus βυζαντινών μολύβδινων σφραγίδων σκόπευε πριν από καιρό έναν ξεχωριστό τόμο για τη Βυζαντινή Αφρική, που θα είχε τον αριθμό IV ως τόμο, αλλά δεν τα κατάφερε όσο ήταν εν ζωή. Οι φωτογραφίες που συγκέντρωσε (εν μέρει τραβηγμένες από την κυρία Morrisson) ήρθαν αργότερα στη Βιέννη και στο Ινστιτούτο Βυζαντινών και Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών και συγκεκριμένα στον καθηγητή κύριο Werner Seibt. Η συλλογή αποτελείται από περίπου 790 μολύβδινες σφραγίδες, που μελετήθηκαν λεπτομερώς στη διδακτορική μου διατριβή.Μέχρι τώρα μόνο ένα μικρό μέρος τους είχε δημοσιευτεί σωστά, δηλαδή οι σφραγίδες των κομμερκιαρίων (C. MORRISSON - W. SEIBT, Sceaux de commerciaires byzantins du VIIe siecles trouves a Carthage. Rev.num VI/24, 1982, 222-241, mit Taf. 19-24). Οι σύντομες δημοσιεύσεις του A. L. Delattre (από τις αρχές του 20ου αιώνα) θα πρέπει καλύτερα να θεωρηθούν μόνο ως μια προέκδοση, γεμάτη λάθη.Αν και πολλές σφραγίδες, από ιστορική άποψη, μπορούν να μας προσφέρουν ελάχιστα αποτελέσματα, η αξία αυτής της συλλογής έγκειται κυρίως στο γεγονός ότι χρονολογούνται σε περιορισμένη χρονική περίοδο, δηλαδή στην πλειονότητά τους καλύπτουν τον 7ο αι. μ.Χ.. Καθώς η Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία έχασε την Καρχηδόνα στα τέλη του 7ου αιώνα, μπορούμε να υποθέσουμε ότι μόνο λίγα κομμάτια ανήκουν σε μεταγενέστερη ημερομηνία.Αφενός, πολλά αποτελέσματα σχετικά με την Πρώιμη Βυζαντινή Περίοδο στην αξιόλογη Έκδοση των George Zacos and Alexander Veglery επιβεβαιώθηκαν από την έρευνά μας, αφετέρου η ανάλυση της σχετικής αναλογίας διαφορετικών τύπων μονογραμμάτων μας οδηγεί σε μερικά σημαντικά συμπεράσματα. Έτσι, δε μας εκπλήσσει το γεγονός ότι κυριαρχεί το επικλητικό μονόγραμμα τύπου Laurent I (ήταν πολύ δημοφιλές κατά το 2ο μισό του 7ου αιώνα), αλλά έχουμε ήδη βρει μερικά του τύπου Laurent V, σε μικρό αριθμό ακόμη και συνδυασμένα με τετραγράμματα. Όσον αφορά τη γραμματική η γενική είναι σχεδόν πανταχού παρούσα. εκτός από κάποια κομμάτια που μας δείχνουν ήδη τη δοτική (και ορισμένα λατινικά σε ονομαστική).Επιπλέον, πολλοί μολυβδόβουλα είναι γραμμένα μόνο στα λατινικά, άλλα και στις δύο γλώσσες - λατινικά και ελληνικά. Εδώ, συχνά προκύπτουν προβλήματα στην προσπάθεια της ακριβούς ημερομηνίας. Γενικά πιστεύουμε ότι μόνο μερικές σφραγίδες μπορούν σίγουρα να αναχθούν σε ένα συγκεκριμένο πρόσωπο γνωστό από άλλα κείμενα (εκτός από τις αυτοκρατορικές σφραγίδες) - σε αυτό το σημείο προτιμούμε να είμαστε πιο προσεκτικοί από άλλους.
Method of immunohistochemical identification of extravillous cytotrophoblast in the structures of utero-placental bed and myometrium
Authors: Tiulienieva Olena , Hoian Anastasiia
Published: January 2022

In this article, we discover and demonstrate the way of immunohistochemical identification of extravillous cytotrophoblast in the structures of the uteroplacental area and myometrium, which can be used to study the uteroplacental form of placental insufficiency, in the morphogenesis of which the key reason is a violation of the gestational changes of the spiral arteries of the uterus.
Effectiveness of a program of the comprehensive correction of foot arch disorders in young athletes aged 7-8 years specialised in taekwon-Do I.T.F.
Authors: Danyshchuk Andrii , Ivanyshyn Iryna
Published: January 2022

Introduction. A number of scientists have proven the positive effect of taekwon-Do I.T.F. on the physical state of people of all ages, the state of their musculoskeletal system. However, in the scientific literature there is no data on the effectiveness of taekwon-Do I.T.F. use in the programs of correction of foot arch (FA) disorders of young athletes. Similarly, no studies have been conducted on the effect of taekwon-Do I.T.F. exercises on the development of myofacsical kinematic chain (MFKC) of the lower limb and its role in the foot maintenance and correction in foot arch disorders. The purpose is to experimentally test the effectiveness of a comprehensive program for the foot arch disorders correction of young athletes by means of taekwon-Do I.T.F. Material and method. The following instrumental methods were used in the work: plantography (baropodograph using computer device “DIERS FAAMUS” (Germany)); electroneuromyography ("Neuro-EMG-Micro" made by "Neurosoft" (Russia)); photometry; myotonometry; formative consistent pedagogical experiment; methods of statistical data processing (Statistics 6.0 (StatSoft, USA)). Young athletes aged 7–8 with FA disorders and a normal foot took part in a 12-month formative experiment. Results. The value of the Friedland index, which characterizes the functional foot reserves, increased statistically significantly among EG1 young athletes who practiced according to the program developed by us, compared with those who were training according to the traditional program – by 6.48% against 3.85%, respectively. Conclusions. Analysis of FA morphological parameters of young athletes aged 7-8 years shows that the positive changes are statistically significantly more performed in young athletes who were training in the sports center "Taekwon-Do I.T.F." on a program of comprehensive correction, which is confirmed by FA changes.
Long-term follow-up of school-age children on the effectiveness of myopia correction with contact lenses
Authors: Aleieva Nataliia , Rykov Sergiy , Shargorodska Iryna , Petrovsky Mykola
Published: January 2022

Introduction and purpose. Early use of contact correction for congenital myopia and astigmatism in children and adolescents contributes to their social rehabilitation. The myopia correction with contact lenses provides sustainability of correction and absence of periods of blurred retinal images, which are experienced with the use of glasses. The purpose of the study was to determine, through long-term follow-up, the extent to which contact lens correction improves uncorrected and maximally corrected visual acuity in school-age children with myopia and myopic astigmatism. Material and methods. We followed up for three years 84 children (168 eyes) aged 6–16 years with myopic manifest refraction and astigmatism, who used soft silicone hydrogel aspherical contact lenses to correct ametropia. In the early and late follow-up, these patients were examined for visual acuity, objective and subjective clinical refraction, axial eye length, corneal thickness and diameter, keratometry, and phorometric data (accommodation, vergence, disparate areas, and oculomotor apparatus and their interaction). Results.In course of long-term monitoring of myopia and myopic astigmatism correction with contact lenses in school-age children, the statistically significant results were recorded after three years of observation, namely: an increase in uncorrected visual acuity by 47% (t=5.2; p<0.01), corrected acuity vision by 8% (t=9.3; p<0.01), the spheroequivalent by 17% (t=3.7; p<0.01), anteroposterior segment of the eye by 4% (t=7,1; p<0.01), amplitude of accommodation by 27% (t=14.6; p<0.01), negative part of relative accommodation by 17% (t=7.3; p<0.01), positive part of relative accommodation by 32% (t=7.1; p<0.01), flexibility of accommodation by 35% (t=14.2; p<0.01), the ratio of accommodation convergence to accommodation by 19% (t=3.4, p<0.01), stereovision acuity by 56% (t=4.1; p<0.01), as well as a decrease in keratometry index in the strong meridian by 2% (t=5.2; p<0.01), delays in accommodative responses by 33% (t=14.2; p <0.01), distance phoria by 16% (t=10.1; p<0.01), near phoria by 16% (t=11.3, p<0.01). Conclusions. The study has shown that the use of contact lenses by school-aged children with myopia and myopic astigmatism can increase uncorrected and maximum corrected visual acuity. The increase of the spheroequivalent and anteroposterior axis (APA) of the eye indicates progression of myopia, but the use of soft contact lenses (SCL) leads to changes of the anterior corneal surface: an increase of the thickness in the central zone, and its flattening. Improvement of accommodation, vergence, disparate parts of the oculomotor apparatus, and their interaction was also observed. The results obtained indicate deceleration of myopia progression.
Influence of disposable relaparotomy and programmed sanation on the expression and dynamics of clusters determinations on immunocompetent cells of patients with abdominal sepsis caused by severe peritonitis
Authors: Polyovyy V. , Dzyubanovsky I. , Kovalchuk A. , Dzyubanovsky O. , Dzhyvak V.
Published: January 2022

Relaparotomy in the treatment of postoperative complications of abdominal surgery remains a difficult problem of modern surgery.To evaluate the prognostic value of expression clusters of determination on immunocompetent cells of patients, the dynamics of HLA-DR + molecules and cytokines in the blood of patients with abdominal sepsis caused by severe peritonitis, as well as abscesses and phlegmons for postoperative period.Materials and methods.The study was conducted in 40 patients diagnosed with abdominal sepsis in the period from 2017-2020, which was treated in medical institutions of Chernivtsi and Ternopil in Ukraine, and which were divided into control and research groups. The control group consisted of 17 patients without signs of abdominal sepsis and acute surgical pathology. Determination of the expression of determination clusters such as CD11a, CD162, CD95, CD16 on immunocompetent cells, and the study of the dynamics of expression of HLA-DR + molecules and the content of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 in the blood of patients was performed in the postoperative period. Both groups were representative by age, sex, comorbidities, risk factors. Determination of experimental parameters in the blood of patients was performed in the postoperative period (the results were evaluated before surgery, on the first, third, seventh, and on the fourteenth day of the postoperative period).Research results and their discussionIn patients with abdominal sepsis caused by severe peritonitis, the expression of HLA-DR + molecules on immunocompetent cells increases, which to some extent indicates an intensification of γ-interferon synthesis. At the same time, there is a sharp decrease in the content of IL-2 in the blood - the main regulator of a specific immune response.
Influence of fat-free, fat and sucrose diets on rat periodont condition
Authors: Pupin T. I.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To investigate the effect of consumption of diets with different content of fat and sugar on the state of the periodontium of rats.Methods. The rats received a semi-synthetic fat-free diet (FFD), a fat diet (5 % sunflower oil), and a sucrose diet (50 % sucrose) for 30 days. Determined the degree of periodontal atrophy, tooth decay and in the gum homogenate - the activity of elastase, catalase, urease, lysozyme and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA).Results. Sugar diet increases the degree of periodontal atrophy and tooth decay, but decreases elastase activity in the gums and increases catalase activity.  Fat diet does not affect periodontal atrophy and tooth decay, but it reduces catalase activity.Conclusion. The increase in the intensity of caries and periodontal atrophy under the influence of a sucrose diet is probably due to the stimulation of the formation of lactic acid. Fat nutrition does not affect the intensity of dental caries and the degree of periodontal atrophy.
Histological criteria of maturity of the uterine-placental area of manure
Authors: Tiulienieva Olena , Davydenko Igor , Tiulienieva Viallanta , Marchuk Olena , Shelest Tetiana , Volkov Oleksandr
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the procedure of morphological diagnosis of the degree of maturity of the uterine-placental area of the placenta, the authors conducted special studies of the structures of the placental bed of the uterus at different stages of gestation during physiological pregnancy and under various pathologies of the mother or placenta. Criteria for maturity of the uterine-placental area of manure in gestational segments 13-27, 28-36 and 37-40 weeks based on the percentage of spiral arteries with complete gestational remodeling of the walls due to the destructive effect of invasive trophoblast and the first parameters of the norm for the number of veins per unit area in the uterine-placental area. To morphologically determine the degree of maturity of the uteroplacental area, a table of the percentage of spiral arteries with complete gestational adjustment and the number of venous vessels per 1 mm2 area of histological section according to gestational age. For morphological diagnosis of the degree of maturity of the placenta at different stages of gestation during physiological pregnancy and under conditions of different pathology of the mother or placenta, it is recommended to conduct a comprehensive morphological assessment of placental structures using maturity criteria of placental chorionic tree and maturity criteria of placental placenta.
Pathospermia in the patients with high body mass index
Authors: Antonyan I. M. , Bereznaya T. V.
Published: January 2022

The retrospective analysis of pathospermia different types dependence on body mass index has been done. A trend of semen analysis deterioration with increase of body mass index has been revealed. Patients with a body mass index 26 – 29.9 kg/ m2 are at risk group for starting decline of semen analysis. This problem demands attention and further detailed study.
A new algorithm of preoperative preparation of patients with focal lesions of the biliopancreatic area complicated by mechanical jaundice
Authors: Мuraviov Рetro , Zaporozhchenko Boris , Borodaev Igor , Shevcheko Valeria , Harhouri Makrem
Published: January 2022

Pancreatoduodenal resection (PDR) represents one of the most demanding procedures which is required in patients with a tumoral lesion at this level. The aim of the present article was to report the results of 272 patients submitted to such surgical procedures. All patients were divided into two groups: the main group, for whom the optimized decompression algorithm was used (n=112) and the control group, for whom preparation for PDR was carried out according to generally accepted standards (n=160). Upon admission to the hospital, the total bilirubin level in the main group was 274.6±5.9 µmol/l while in the control group this level was 270.4±4.6 µmol/l. PDR was performed in 272 of the patients. Whipple’s terminolateral anastomosis was performed in 38/160 (23.7%) of patients in the control group; termino-terminal anastomosis according to Shalimov-Kopchak’s method was imposed in 40/160 (25.0%) patients of the control group. Pancreatojejunoanastomosis with the imposition of a ductomucosal anastomosis was performed in 128 patients in total with 73 cases in the main group and in 55 cases in the control one. Pancreatogastroanastomosis with plunging of the pancreatic stump into the stomach stump was performed in 35 patients in total with 19 patients in the main group and 16 in the control group. Pancreatogastroanastomosis with plunging of the pancreatic stump into the ‘stomach sleeve’ was performed in 32 patients in total with 20 patients in the main group and 12 in the control group. The mortality rate in the main group was 6.3% (7 patients), and in the control group, 11.9% (19 patients). In conclusion, biliary decompression may improve the postoperative outcomes after pancreatic resection.

Abbreviations: CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CA, cancer antigen; PDR, pancreatoduodenal resection; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
The impact of some morphological characteristics on running 200 meters
Authors: Maliqi A. , Ramabaja Q. , Ramadani L. , Latifi B.
Published: January 2022

The knowledge of morphological development and their impact on motor skills in short-distance athletes should be one of the main concerns of athletics coaches, because any scientific research in the field of physical culture and sports is about proving the development and evaluation of anthropological characteristics which are responsible for achieving success in athletics. This paper explores the impact of some anthropometric features on running 200 meters. The aim is to establish the link between the anthropometric and specific characteristics of running 200 meters, as a predictive system of running at 200 meters as a criterion system. The research was conducted by 60 male students aged 17±6months, in the gymnasium "Zenel Hajdini” Gjilan. The measurements were executed during September in the hall of the gymnasium, while the 200, meter runs in the stadium "City stadium "Gjilan. The only condition that was used during the determination of the sample was: that the students are involved in regular physical education classes (and on the day of the measurement be healthy, without the flu, cold or other symptoms).The variables which are applied in this research have been 8 anthropometric variables and 1 motor-specific variables. The results obtained after their processing indicate that the impact of anthropometric variables is higher in running at 200 meters. Short distance running and long-distance running reduces the impact of anthropometric parameters whereas the influence of metabolic factors of energy production is increased. These results were also confirmed using regression analysis, so that groups of predictors of anthropometric characteristics, specific motor skills that statistically significantly influenced each variable of individual criteria. The world records below the 19.20-second limit, in the 200 m, near the 19-meter limit, show not only the high level of sports, but also the strong impact on the growth, especially of strength indicators, speed-strength, explosive force, as main and applied motor skills in sports and athlete’s everyday life.
The importance of resilience and coherence in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic among medical and non-medical students
Authors: Syrowatko Agnieszka , Zdziarski Krzysztof
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study is to determine the level of resilience and coherence as well as the type of affective reactionsmanifested among students of medical and non-medical faculties, as well as to analyze potential predictors of the intensification of positive and negative reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The impact of the educational level of the family on the lifestyle of children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Myrtaj Nazim , Shkodra Mimoza Moza , Bilalli Eglantina , Maliqi Arben , Sylejmani Blerim
Published: January 2022

The lifestyle of children is most affected by the family, which is defined as a basic social community based on the common life of a close circle of blood relatives, usually parents and children, in which biological-reproductive, economic and education functions are combined. The purpose of the research is to confirm the impact of the educational level of parents on the lifestyle of their children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research included 110 students of both genders from SHMT “Mehmet Isai” and SHMAT “Arbëria” in Gjilan divided into two groups of 55 students, according to the educational level of their parents. The lifestyle survey included 8 questions on physical activity, daily cigarette consumption, alcohol, drug use, eating habits and sleep before and during COVID -19 pandemic. To verify the difference between the groups, the Chi-square test (χ² test) was applied. Survey analysis shows that children of parents with higher educational level have more knowledge about the role of physical activity and spend more time on physical activity, consume less cigarettes and alcohol and more regular eating and sleeping habits at the level p<0.00. We can conclude that the educational level of the parents has a significant impact on the motivation of children to engage in physical activity, reducing the consumption of cigarettes and alcohol, for sleep and regular nutrition.
Stress level and ways of coping with stress in a group of patients with unstable coronary heart disease
Authors: Łuczyk Robert Jan , Deryło Karolina , Łuczyk Marta , Wawryniuk Agnieszka , Sikora Kamil
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases still remain at the forefront of society's most important health problem and are one of the leading causes of death.Purpose of research. The aim of this study is to assess the degree of coping with stress in a group of patients treated for unstable angina.Material and methods. The research was conducted on 01.09.2019 - 01.03.2020. The size of the study group was 100 people, 45% of whom were women, 55% were men. People with diagnosed unstable angina took part in the study. The following research tools were used in this work to gather the necessary information: • Self-study report - contains 12 questions in the area of sociodemographic information, current disease and available support. • Mini-COPE - Inventory for Measuring Coping With Stress. • PSS-10 - Perceived Stress Scale. The above research tools made it possible to collect information on the sociodemographic data of the respondents, the degree of coping with stress and the scale of perceived stress.Conclusions. Younger people more often than older people focused on actively coping with stress. People in relationships coped with stress to a greater extent than single people and focused on development. Patients who remain professionally active cope better with a stressful situation than those on disability or retirement. People after surgical procedures were more planning-oriented than those treated with pharmacological treatment. The support of family and friends has a positive effect on coping with stress in patients with unstable angina.
Efficiency of ademethionine in oxidative stress in tissues of irradiated rats
Authors: Stepanov G. F. , Tereshchenko L. O. , Oleinik E. V. , Maryniuk G. S. , Budalenko O. I. , Dubna E. S.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Ionizing radiation in low doses of low intensity causes prolonged activation of lipid per oxidation and depletion of the antioxidant system in a living organism. Moreover, Ademethionine is currently being considered as a promising antioxidant.Method. Experimental studies were carried out on 60 sexually mature male Wistar rats. The animals were irradiated in a total dose of 1Gy on a γ-therapeutic device AGAT-R No. 83 (isotope 60Co). At the end of the total dose, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with Heptral (ademethionine) after 15 minutes, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156 hours after radiation exposure at the rate of 10 mg / kg mass. After the introduction of Heptral, the animals were taken into the experiment after 24 hours, 3, 7, 15 days. In homogenates of the spleen and thymus of animals, the amount of oxidized and reduced forms of pyridine nucleotides was determined.Results. Chronic γ-irradiation in a total dose of 1Gy leads to a significant decrease in the content of reduced forms of pyridine nucleotides in the spleen and thymus of rats. Administration of Heptral to irradiated animals normalized oxidative homeostasis. So, on the 7th day of the experiment, the amount of oxidized forms of pyridine nucleotides in the spleen was 47.3% lower, and reduced - 36.3% higher than in animals that did not receive treatment. At the end of the observation period, the reduction coefficient of pyridine nucleotides in the spleen slightly differed from the control level. In comparison with irradiated animals, which were not injected with Heptral, the NADP content was lower by 70.3%, and NADPH2 - higher by 48.8%.Conclusion. The course administration of Heptral to irradiated animals leads to the normalization of the reduction factor of pyridine nucleotides. According to its mechanism of action, Heptral can be used in the complex treatment of low- intensity radiation injuries in low doses.
Methodical approaches to recreational and tourist cycles - fundamentals of recreational and tourist nature management
Authors: Kilinska K. , Yavorska V. , Zayachuk M. , Sukhy P.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the essence and significance of recreational and tourist activities as a component of recreational and tourist cycles. Thus, recreation and tourism can be considered as a separate large block of nature - recreational and tourist nature management (RTP), which allows not only each person to use a favorable resource base for recreation, but also leads to changes in this area and the formation, as a result, multilevel ecological situations. The authors argue that a scientifically sound system of recreational and tourist resources is being formed, which helps tourists and vacationers to be aware of the geographical location of certain objects of recreation and contemplation.
Cognitive symptoms associated with antipsychotic course experience in residual schizophrenia
Authors: Safonov D.
Published: January 2022

Urgency. The cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia are recognized either as a part of a negative complex of symptomatic, where cognitive malfunction seem to be the secondary complication of emotional and motivational dysregulation; or as a separate group of schizophrenia manifestations that constitutes a massive part of a residual condition. Aim – to evaluate the cognitive functioning and analyze its violation levels in association with antipsychotic course experience in patients with residual schizophrenia. Results. The assessment of cognitive functions was established by direct testing in clinical setting. Education in years varied from 9 to 16, mean 11,27±2,12 in the population under study. The basic level of cognitive impairment was established: verbal memory test result was 31,6±11,6; digit sequencing test result was 13,4±5,7; token motor task test result was 40,1±18,3; verbal fluency test result was 41,2±10,7; symbol coding test result was 30,6±13,1; tower of london test result was 12,2±4,5. Some correlations were found: for chlorpromazine we can assume minor negative impact on token motor task (r= -0,22) and verbal fluency test (r= -0,27) results; for haloperidol we can assume more pronounced but still minor impact on token motor task (r= -0,22), verbal fluency test (r= -0,27), verbal memory test (r= -0,28) and tower of London test (r= -0,20) results; for trifluoperazine we can see minor negative impact on  verbal fluency test (r= -0,26); for clozapine we can’t find any representative correlations with cognitive tests; chlorprothixene as we can assume have minor negative impact on verbal memory test (r= -0,32) result, but minor positive – on tower of London test (r= 0,21) result; for risperidone also assume minor positive impact on sequence coding test (r= 0,25), but other tests in battery show no significant correlations; for zuclopenthixol we can assume minor negative impact on token motor task (r= -0,22) and verbal fluency test (r= -0,31) results.
Risk stratification of postoperative complications in jaundiced patients with focal diseases of the biliopancreatoduodenal zone
Authors: Muraviov P. , Zaporozhchenko B. , Borodaev I. , Shevchenko V. , Zaporozhchenko M. , Harhouri Makrem
Published: January 2022

The risk stratification was performed by mathematical modeling taking into account genetic factors and the results of instrumental research as ultrasonic elastography. The results of 272 jaundiced patients’ surgical treatment as pancreaticoduodenal resection (PDR) for malignant tumors of biliopancreatoduodenal area (218 patients) and chronic pseudotumoral pancreatitis (54 patients) were analyzed. In the main group (n=112) the optimized algorithm of preoperative preparation and risk stratification was used and in the comparison group (n=160) preparation for PDR was carried out conservatively according to generally accepted standards. radical surgery is defined as inexpedient and too risky, while shunt decompression surgery is performed as a first step for pancreatoduodenal resection. Thanks to the preoperative preparation according to our algorithm, mental status evaluation in the main group compared to the comparison one was significantly better. By MoCA scale before surgery it was 24.9 ± 3.2 and 22.8 ± 2.4 points, and by the DSST test - 40.2 ± 3.8 and 23.6 ± 2.6 points in the main and comparison groups respectively. The level of bilirubinemia in patients of the main group on the day before PDR was 112.3±2.7 μmol/l, while in the comparison one it was 198.3±3.3 μmol/l (p <0.05). On the eve of the PDR, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was in the main group 104.8 ± 1.3 U / l, and in the comparison group - 270.8 ± 1.9 U / l (p <0.05). Before PDR, γ-glutamiltransferase activity significantly decreased to 529 ± 29 U / l in the comparison group and to 485 ± 33 U / l in the main group (p <0.05).
Metabolic syndrome: review
Authors: Bobrova M. , Vorona S. , Koval S. , Savytskyi I. , Merza Y. , Savytskyi V.
Published: January 2022

The psychosomatic component of the metabolic syndrome, historical aspect of the problem under study, physiological and biochemical mechanisms of pathogenesis are considered in the article. The symptomatic components of the metabolic syndrome and their interrelation are outlined, the ways of diagnosis and therapy and  directions of modern research in this field are outlined.
State of proteolytic and fibrinolytic processes in the brain of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus complicated by cerebrovascular accident in the basin of the carotid arteries
Authors: Tkachuk S. , Tkachuk O. , Povar M. , Yasinska O. , Denysenko O.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The imbalance in the protease-antiprotease system is an integral part of the pathogenesis of acute disorder of cerebrovascular circulation and diabetes mellitus (DM), but its manifestations in the complication of diabetes by ischemia-reperfusion of the brain have not been investigated yet.

The objective of the work – to study the dynamics of carotid ischemia-reperfusion effect on the proteo- and fibrinolytic activity in brain structures of rats with experimental DM.

Rats with the four-month streptozotocin DM were modeled bilateral carotene ischemia during 20 minutes. In homogenates of brain structures, indicators of proteo- fibrinolytic activity were determined after 1 hour from the beginning of reperfusion and during the 12th day of the post-ischemic period. In the absence of DM, the proteolytic activity of all or individual indicators il increased in both periods of the post-ischemic period in the cortex of the frontal and occipital lobes, the fields of hippocampus CA2 and CA3, and during the 12th day in the field CA1.

Results. In rats with diabetes, in all brain structures, there are no changes in the lysis of azo-albumin and azo-casein in both terms of observation and lysis of collagen progressively decreases. In rats without DM in the cortex of the studied particles, fields of the hippocampus CA1 and CA2, all or separate indices of fibrinolytic activity are increased in both periods of the post-ischemic period, in the field CA3 – all indices at the 12th day. In the presence of diabetes in the cortex of both studied lobes and the field CA1, the fibrinolytic activity decreases in the late post-ischemic period, in the fields of CA2 and CA3 – during both observation periods.

Conclusion. In the brain structures under investigation at both time intervals, the DM eliminates the reaction of low and high molecular weight proteins to the ischemia-reperfusion and suppresses fibrinolytic activity.
Conservative treatment of the longitudinal flatfeet in children
Authors: Shulga O.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. A significant percentage of the musculoskeletal system pathology in children is currently fall on the foot pathology – longitudinal flatfeet, which is not only a medical, but also a social problem. The incidence of this pathology is up to 58% of the total orthopedic foot pathology.

Traditional methods of treatment and prevention of mild (I– II severity) longitudinal flatfeet (LF), which are known today (massage, physiotherapy exercises, the use of orthopedic devices, electromyostimulation) do not give a significant effect and a stable, long-term result. This makes us look for more effective methods of conservative treatment of LF of the I– II severity degree, which have a pathogenic orientation and physiological effect.

Purpose of the work: to develop the most effective algorithm for the complex conservative treatment of LF, depending on the severity, hemodynamic disorders, deformity options, foot rigidity.

Materials and methods. Conservative treatment was carried out in 62 patients aged 10– 18 years with LF of the I– II severity degree. Depending on the clinical manifestations and examination results, the treatment was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, serial casting was used (in the presence of concomitant deformations – silicone pelottes were used).

Results. The results of the two-stage conservative treatment of LF demonstrate the effectiveness of serial casting in combination with the use of silicone pelottes and biostimulators in comparison with traditional methods of foot correction.

Conclusions. Algorithms for conservative treatment of LF were developed, depending on the severity, nature of the deformity, hemodynamic disorders and muscle tone of the lower leg and foot.
Prevalence and severity of depression in patients with the consequences of ischemic strokes and in patients with chronic brain ischemia
Authors: Babirad A.
Published: January 2022

The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of depression in patients with the consequences of ischemic strokes and in patients with chronic brain ischemia. Material and Methods. We examined 100 patients with consequences of ischemic strokes and 17 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to assess the presence and degree of depression. Conclusions. Slightly less than half of the patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (47.1%) had no depression, 42.1% had mild depression, and only 11.8% of the patients had moderate and severe depression. A different situation was observed in the group of patients with the consequences of ischemic strokes. Among them, only 22.0% of patients had no depression, 44.0% had mild depression, and 34.0% of patients had moderate, severe, and extremely severe depression (p < 0.05).
"Krajoznawstwo” in relation to different forms of active and cognitive tourism
Authors: Poczta Joanna , Rozmiarek Mateusz
Published: January 2022

The main goal of the manuscript is an attempt to show that contemporary trends in tourism are based on forms in which cognitive, adventure and educational tourism is becoming more and more important. All these forms are based on the natural, cultural and historical heritage of the regions. In Poland, “krajoznawstwo” is an important trend, which for years has been based on the educational, cognitive and active tourism functions. It turns out that it is very difficult to find an equivalent of this word in English, but the message "get to know your country" can be carried out anywhere, in any part of the world. We decided to use the word "touring" in the text.
Therapeutic and preventive effect of feed additives on the state of periodonts of rats with experimental dysbiosis
Authors: Levitsky A. , Markov A. , Pupin T. , Selivanskaya I. , Lapinskaya A.
Published: January 2022

Aim. Determine the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of feed additives on the condition of the periodontium in case of dysbiosis.

Methods. As feed additives, we used flour from pea straw (FPS), oilcake from ordinary (high-linoleic) sunflower seeds (OOS) and oilcake from high-oleic sunflower seeds (OHOS), which were added to the composition of feed for rats in an amount of 10% instead of the same amount of grain wheat. The duration of feeding was 18 days. Experimental dysbiosis was reproduced using the antibiotic lincomycin. The activity of urease, lysozyme, catalase, elastase and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the gums of rats.

Results. An increase in the level of urease, elastase, MDA and a slight decrease in the activity of lysozyme and catalase were found in rats with dysbiosis. The consumption of FPS and OOS had little effect on the biochemical parameters of the gums; however, the consumption of OHOS significantly reduced the activity of elastase, the level of MDA and normalized the level of urease.

Conclusion. Under conditions of dysbiosis, periodontitis develops, which can be prevented by consuming high-oleic sunflower oilcake.
Ultrasonographic characteristics of morphometric and hemodynamic parameters of the liver and spleen in pediatric patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C
Authors: Demchyshyn Y. , Nezgoda I. , Poprotska S. , Asaulenko A.
Published: January 2022

Chronic HBV- and HCV-infection in pediatric patients had already became an important social and medical problem due to increasing of its prevalence, specific latent course of these infections and forming of progression process which leads to development of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and cancer with specific influence to different indexes which shows us the decreasing of quality of life of those patients. Therefore, it is necessary to study the basic risk factors for liver fibrosis progression and ways of their diagnosis, including non-invasive ultrasound techniques, in pediatric patients with chronic HBV- and HCV-infection, as their modification may improve the influence for prognosis and clinical consequences. This article considers the changes of the main ultrasound parameters of the liver and spleen in pediatric patients with chronic HBV- and HCV-infection and ability to use US Grayscale (Y.Davoudi, 2015) for management of pediatric patients.
Establishment of gender management in the management sphere
Authors: Aksonova Oleksandra , Maslova Yuliia
Published: January 2022

The concept of gender and gender management is considered in the article. The main aspects of gender management in the management sphere are singled out. The specifics of management of men-leaders and women-leaders are considered.
The influence of physical activity, specialized exercises and diet on pregnancy and delivery according to pregnant women attending a childbirth school
Authors: Spychalska Julita
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to show whether pregnant women are physically active and what their eating habits look like during pregnancy. To obtain a satisfactory answer, the questions were asked, the diagnostic survey method was used, and the technique was a questionnaire consisting of 18 questions. The first theoretical part shows the issues related to physical activity and the diet of a pregnant woman. The second-research part presents the entire research methodology - techniques, methods, hypotheses, theses, research tools and research area. In the final part, the results of the research, summary and conclusions are presented.
The role of microbiota in pathogenesis and development of viral infections
Authors: Maksymowicz Marcela , Ręka Gabriela , Machowiec Piotr , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: January 2022

Introduction and purpose

The microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism, immune system, and development of many chronic diseases, cancers, and infectious diseases. The aim of the study is to present the role of gut microbiota in viral infections, including HBV, Herpesviridae, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2. The newest publications from the last 5 years available on the PubMed database were taken into account.

A brief description of the state of knowledge

The mechanism by which bacterias have an impact on viral infection is based on a synthesis of specific short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and modulation of cytokine release and immune system function by bacterias. Domination of Gardnerella vaginalis and lack of Lactobacillus in the vaginal microbiome increased the risk of HSV-2 infection in women. Inflammation of the genital tract can influence susceptibility to HIV infection, but probiotics via enhancement of the gut barrier integrity, change TH17/Treg ratio, can restore microbiome composition. LPS - component of the structure of Gram-negative bacteria can be a marker of HBV infection. In the airway microbiome of patients with COVID-19 opportunistic microorganisms were identified.

Conclusions 

Diet, intake of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are interventions that might be efficient methods in prophylaxis and treatment of viral diseases. Further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanism of action of microbiome in pathogenesis of infectious diseases.
Effects of ashwagandha root extract on physical performance – a clinical review
Authors: Mazur Karol , Lewicki Marcin , Mazur Dominika , Tyniec Mateusz , Smoleń Agata
Published: January 2022

Sport is an important aspect of human life, affecting mental and physical health. Physical activity is one of the most effective ways of preventing the diseases of civilisation, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, obesity and diabetes. There are many substances and methods that are used by athletes to improve physical performance, increase muscle mass and strength, increase concentration or suppress excessive emotions or reduce body weight to improve sports results. However, there is a need for research to find natural substances of plant origin, the use of which will lead to an increase in physical performance and will be fully legal and without side effects. Some scientists are conducting research into the use of ashwagandha root extract to improve physical performance.

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and in reducing stress. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. In order to find the proper publications, the search has been conducted with the use of a combination of key words like: ''ashawagandha'', ''physical performance'', ''physical endurance'', ''muscle strength". The first step was to find proper publications from the last 15 years. The second step was to carry out an overview of the found publications.
Anxiety in Angelman Syndrome
Authors: Grebe Stacey C. , Limon Danica L. , McNeel Morgan M. , Guzick Andrew , Peters Sarika U. , Tan Wen-Hann , Sadhwani Anjali , Bacino Carlos A. , Bird Lynne M. , Samaco Rodney C. , Berry Leandra N. , Goodman Wayne K. , Schneider Sophie C. , Storch Eric A.
Published: January 2022

Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder most commonly caused by the impaired expression of the maternal UBE3A gene on chromosome 15. Though anxiety has been identified as a frequently present characteristic in AS, there are limited studies examining anxiety in this population. Studies of anxiety in other neurodevelopmental disorders have found disorder specific symptoms of anxiety and age specific displays of anxiety symptoms. However, there is a consistent challenge in identifying anxiety in people with neurodevelopmental disorders given the lack of measurement instruments specifically designed for this population. Given the limited information about AS and anxiety, the aims of the current project were to (a) examine symptoms of anxiety in children with AS and (b) determine the correlates of anxiety in children with AS. Participants included 42 adult caregivers of youth with AS in the AS Natural History study who completed the Developmental Behavior Checklist (DBC). The results found that 26% of the sample demonstrated elevated symptoms of anxiety and established a relationship between elevated anxiety in youth with AS and higher levels of irritability, hyperactivity, self-absorbed behaviors, and disruptive/antisocial behaviors. Findings from this research provide a foundation for tailoring evidence-based assessments and treatments for youth with AS and anxiety.
Narrative Analysis in Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Neal Corinne N. , Brady Nancy C. , Fleming Kandace K.
Published: January 2022

This study analyzed narratives of male and female adolescents with fragile X syndrome (FXS). The impact of structural language, cognition and autism symptomatology on narrative skills and the association between narratives and literacy were examined. Narratives from 32 adolescents with FXS (24 males, 8 females) were analyzed for macrostructure. Relationships between narrative macrostructure, language scores, cognitive scores, Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition scores and literacy skills were examined. Males produced more simplistic narratives, whereas the females' narratives were more complex. Language scores predicted narrative scores above and beyond nonverbal cognitive skills and autism symptomatology. Narrative scores correlated with literacy scores. Narrative skills in FXS are predicted by language skills and are correlated with literacy skills. Investigation into narrative interventions in FXS is needed.
Aperture measurement based on a conic invariant
Authors: Kou Ying , Zhang Longfei , Liu Siyuan , Tan Qingchang , Lin Jiaying , Ding Ning , Hou Yueqian , Kan Kai
Published: January 2022

With the advantages of low cost, universal applicability, and in situ detection, the conic invariant of the tested aperture diameter was obtained by ellipse geometric fitting on the aperture surface. The world coordinate system was established, and the transformation relationship between the world coordinate system and the camera coordinate system was obtained by the calibration. The improved Candy algorithm and coordinate transformation relationship could be used to project the sub-pixel coordinates of the aperture edge onto the aperture surface. Then, the ellipse geometric fitting was performed on the aperture edge curve surface to obtain the conic invariant. Finally, the conic invariant was used to measure the aperture diameter on the test bench.
Transfontanelle photoacoustic imaging: ultrasound transducer selection analysis
Authors: Manwar Rayyan , Islam Md Tarikul , Ranjbaran Seyed Mohsen , Avanaki Kamran
Published: January 2022

Transfontanelle ultrasound imaging (TFUI) is the conventional approach for diagnosing brain injury in neonates. Despite being the first stage imaging modality, TFUI lacks accuracy in determining the injury at an early stage due to degraded sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, a modality like photoacoustic imaging that combines the advantages of both acoustic and optical imaging can overcome the existing TFUI limitations. Even though a variety of transducers have been used in TFUI, it is essential to identify the transducer specification that is optimal for transfontanelle imaging using the photoacoustic technique. In this study, we evaluated the performance of 6 commercially available ultrasound transducer arrays to identify the optimal characteristics for transfontanelle photoacoustic imaging. We focused on commercially available linear and phased array transducer probes with center frequencies ranging from 2.5MHz to 8.5MHz which covers the entire spectrum of the transducer arrays used for brain imaging. The probes were tested on both in vitro and ex vivo brain tissue, and their performance in terms of transducer resolution, size, penetration depth, sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, signal amplification and reconstructed image quality were evaluated. The analysis of selected transducers in these areas allowed us to determine the optimal transducer for transfontanelle imaging, based on vasculature depth and blood density in tissue using ex vivo sheep brain. The outcome of this evaluation identified the two most suitable ultrasound transducer probes for transfontanelle photoacoustic imaging.
Holographic curved waveguide combiner for HUD/AR with 1-D pupil expansion
Authors: Draper Craig T. , Blanche Pierre-Alexandre
Published: January 2022

We are presenting the optical ray tracing as well as an experimental prototype of a curved waveguide combiner with pupil expansion for augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) glasses. The curved waveguide combiner takes advantage of holographic optical elements both for injection and extraction of the image to correct the aberrations introduced during the propagation of light inside the waveguide. The holographic curved combiner presented has a cylindrical outer radius of curvature of 171.45 mm with a field of view of 13° (H) × 16° (V) at a viewing distance of 1 cm with a 5 × horizontal 1 dimension pupil expansion for an eyebox of 6.2 mm × 42.7 mm.