bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿LO LLAMABAN DEMOCRACIA? La crítica estética de la política en la transición española y el imaginario de la historia en el 15-M.
Authors: Labrador Germán
Published: January 2015

Resumen: Este artículo se ocupa de la relación entre la transición española y el ciclo histórico comenzado en 2011- y después del 15-M-, estudiando sus respectivos imaginarios de la temporalidad, sus horizontes de expectativas y sus espacios de experiencia (Koselleck). Argumento que, en España, en el contexto actual, tienen lugar prácticas memoriales de recuperación activa de formas políticas y estéticas propias de los años setenta. Para ello, resumo y discuto algunas de las últimas investigaciones alrededor de la transición española, así como mis propios trabajos, para concluir que, si buena parte de la historiografía había construido un relato del proceso en clave institucional y desmovilizadora, hoy, en el espacio público, están teniendo lugar transmisiones de memoria intergeneracionales en las que el elemento clave a la hora de entender la transición es la contestación popular.Palabras Clave: Transición, 15-M, Generación, Democracia.Abstract: This article studies the Spanish Transition to Democracy and the political cycle started in Spain after the public occupations of squares in May 15, 2011. It studies their specific temporal imaginaries, horizons of expectations and spaces of experience (Koselleck). I will argue that, in today's Spain, memorial practices are addressing the recovery of political and aesthetical forms from the 1970s. To do so, I will summarize and discuss academic bibliography on the Spanish Transition to Democracy, including my own work, to argue that the intergenerational transmissions of memory that are happening today in public spaces claim that people's struggle is key element to define the Transition as a period, despite of many historians.Key Words: Spanish Transition, 15-M, Generation, Democracy.
“Todo el año es carnaval”: tradiciones populares y contracultura en la Transición
Authors: Moreno Caballud Luis
Published: January 2015

Resumen: El momento de generalizada experimentación vital de los años 70 y primeros 80 en el estado español tiende habitualmente a pensarse en términos de “modernización” o “transición a la democracia”, pero es también el momento en el que ciertos restos simbólicos de culturas rurales y tradicionales profundamente transformadas por la masiva emigración campo-ciudad son rescatados por artistas de vanguardia y jóvenes contraculturales. Propongo una contribución al estudio de esta línea de reivindicación de un poso cultural tradicional revisitado desde la vanguardia y la contracultura juvenil en la Transición a través de tres calas en instancias culturales diversas.Palabras Clave: Transición, carnaval, tradición popular, contracultura.Abstract: The generalized experimentalism of the Spanish 70’s and 80’s is often thought in terms of ‘modernization’ and ‘Transition to Democracy’. But it is also the moment when some symbolic rests of rural and traditional cultures and deeply changed by the massive migration to cities were rescued by some avant-garde artists and young underground practices. The article proposes a contribution to that way of study, analyzing how the traditional culture was revisited by avant-garde and young counter-culture.Key Words: Spanish Transition to Democracy, Carnival, Popular Tradition, Counter-Culture.
Monográfico. Contar la transición. Narrativas e imaginarios del cambio político en España.
Authors: Ros Ferrer Violeta
Published: January 2015

Presentación del monográfico
Entrevista a Marta Sanz. Contar la transición, o cómo hablar de la china en el zapato.
Authors: Ros Ferrer Violeta
Published: January 2015

Entrevista a Marta Sanz
L'invenció de l´espai Ciutat i viatge. (Enric Bou)
Authors: Zygmunt Karolina
Published: January 2015

Reseña de Bou, Enric (2013). L'invenció de l´espai Ciutat i viatge. Valencia: Universitat de València.
Letricidio español. Censura y novela durante el franquismo. (Fernando Larraz)
Authors: Simón Porolli Paula
Published: January 2015

Larraz, Fernando. Letricidio español. Censura y novela durante el franquismo. Gijón, Trea, 2014.
Qué hacemos con la literatura. (David Becerra, Raquel Arias, Marta Sanz y Julio Rodríguez)
Authors: Martínez Fernández Ángela
Published: January 2015

Este libro lleva a cabo un recorrido en torno a la idea de la literatura en tanto práctica entendida como un ejercicio placentero y autónomo que hereda los principios del pensamiento idealista del poder dominante, cuando debería ser utilizada como una herramienta de reacción frente a la comercialización y sus implicaciones en la sociedad (creación de sujetos pasivos); la literatura debería erigirse, defiende el libro, como una herramienta de visibilización frente a las relaciones de poder establecidas.
Global biogeographic sampling of bacterial secondary metabolism
Authors: Charlop-Powers Zachary , Owen Jeremy G , Reddy Boojala Vijay B , Ternei Melinda A , Guimarães Denise O , de Frias Ulysses A , Pupo Monica T , Seepe Prudy , Feng Zhiyang , Brady Sean F
Published: January 2015

Recent bacterial (meta)genome sequencing efforts suggest the existence of an enormous untapped reservoir of natural-product-encoding biosynthetic gene clusters in the environment. Here we use the pyro-sequencing of PCR amplicons derived from both nonribosomal peptide adenylation domains and polyketide ketosynthase domains to compare biosynthetic diversity in soil microbiomes from around the globe. We see large differences in domain populations from all except the most proximal and biome-similar samples, suggesting that most microbiomes will encode largely distinct collections of bacterial secondary metabolites. Our data indicate a correlation between two factors, geographic distance and biome-type, and the biosynthetic diversity found in soil environments. By assigning reads to known gene clusters we identify hotspots of biomedically relevant biosynthetic diversity. These observations not only provide new insights into the natural world, they also provide a road map for guiding future natural products discovery efforts.
The lichen genus Pertusaria in Rarotonga, Cook Islands
Authors: Archer Alan W. , Elix John Alan
Published: January 2015

The first account of the lichen genus Pertusaria (Pertusariaceae) on the island of Rarotonga (Cook Islands) is given. A total of 8 taxa are recorded, of which 5 are new to science viz: Pertusaria atroguttata, P. homilocarpa, P. megacarpa, P. rarotongensis and P. rarotongensis var. stictica. A key to the species is provided.
Incidence of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease After Bariatric Surgery in Older Patients
Authors: Gerber Peter , Naqqar David , von Euler-Chelpin My , Kauppila Joonas H. , Santoni Giola , Holmberg Dag
Published: August 2024

Importance

Bariatric surgery is associated with decreased risk of obesity-related cancer and cardiovascular disease but is typically reserved for patients younger than 60 years. Whether these associations hold for patients who undergo surgery at older ages is uncertain.

Objective

To determine whether bariatric surgery is associated with a decreased risk of obesity-related cancer and cardiovascular disease in patients who underwent surgery at age 60 years or older.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Population-based cohort study of patients from Denmark, Finland, and Sweden who underwent bariatric surgery at age 60 years or older without previous malignant neoplasm or cardiovascular disease between 1989 and 2019. Each patient who underwent surgery was exactly matched to 5 patients with nonoperative treatment for obesity of the same country, sex, and age at the date of surgery. Data were analyzed in December 2023.

Exposure

Receiving treatment for obesity, including bariatric surgery and nonoperative treatments.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was obesity-related cancer, defined as a composite outcome of breast, endometrial, esophageal, colorectal, and kidney cancer, identified from the national cancer registries. The secondary outcome was cardiovascular disease, defined as a composite outcome of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and cerebral hemorrhage, identified from the patient registries. Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CIs adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney disease, and frailty.

Results

In total, 15 300 patients (median [IQR] age, 63 [61-65] years; 10 152 female patients [66.4%]) were included, of which 2550 (16.7%) had bariatric surgery at age 60 or older and 12 750 (83.3%) had nonoperative treatment. During a median (IQR) of 5.8 (2.8-8.5) person-years of follow-up, 658 (4.3%) developed obesity-related cancer and 1436 (9.4%) developed cardiovascular disease. The risk of obesity-related cancer (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.64-1.03) and cardiovascular disease (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74-1.01) were similar among who underwent surgery and those who did not. Gastric bypass (1930 patients) was associated with a decreased risk of obesity-related cancer (71 patients [3.7%]; HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.97) and cardiovascular disease (159 patients [8.2%]; HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99) compared with matched controls (9650 patients; obesity-related cancer: 442 patients [4.6%]; cardiovascular disease: 859 patients [8.9%]).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that bariatric surgery in older patients is not associated with lower rates of obesity-related cancer and cardiovascular events, but there was evidence that gastric bypass may be associated with lower risk of both outcomes.
Standardization of scan protocols for RT CT simulator from different vendors using quantitative image quality technique
Authors: Kuo Hsiang‐Chi , Mahmood Usman , Kirov Assen S. , Trotman Trevin , Lin Shih‐Chi , Mechalakos James G. , Della Biancia Cesar , Cerviño Laura I. , Lim Seng Boh
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate the feasibility of standardizing RT simulation CT scanner protocols between vendors using target‐based image quality (IQ) metrics.

Method and materials

A systematic assessment process in phantom was developed to standardize clinical scan protocols for scanners from different vendors following these steps: (a) images were acquired by varying CTDIvol and using an iterative reconstruction (IR) method (IR: iDose and model‐based iterative reconstruction [IMR] of CTp‐Philips Big Bore scanner, SAFIRE of CTs‐Siemens biograph PETCT scanner), (b) CT exams were classified into body and brain protocols, (c) the rescaled noise power spectrum (NPS) was calculated, (d) quantified the IQ change due to varied CTDIvol and IR, and (e) matched the IR strength level. IQ metrics included noise and texture from NPS, contrast, and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), low contrast detectability (d′). Area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operation characteristic curve of d′ was calculated and compared.

Results

The level of change in the IQ ratio was significant (>0.6) when using IMR. The IQ ratio change was relatively low to moderate when using either iDose in CTp (0.1–0.5) or SAFIRE in CTs (0.1–0.6). SAFIRE‐2 in CTs showed a closer match to the reference body protocol when compared to iDose‐3 in CTp. In the brain protocol, iDose‐3 in CTp could be matched to the low to moderate level of SAFIRE in CTs. The AUC of d′ was highest when using IMR in CTp with lower CTDIvol, and SAFIRE in CTs performed better than iDose in CTp

Conclusion

It is possible to use target‐based IQ metrics to evaluate the performance of the system and operations across various scanners in a phantom. This can serve as an initial reference to convert clinical scanned protocols from one CT simulation scanner to another.
Baseline Dual‐Energy Computed Tomography Urate Volume Predicts Fulfillment of Gout Remission After Two Years of Urate‐Lowering Therapy
Authors: Tabi‐Amponsah Adwoa Dansoa , Stewart Sarah , Gamble Greg , Doyle Anthony J. , Billington Karen , Son Chang‐Nam , Latto Kieran , Stamp Lisa K. , Taylor William J. , Horne Anne , Dalbeth Nicola
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aimed to identify variables that predict gout remission in people with erosive gout receiving urate‐lowering therapy.

Methods

We analyzed data from a two‐year, double‐masked randomized‐controlled trial of people with erosive gout, randomized to a serum urate target of <0.20 mmol/L or <0.30 mmol/L using oral urate‐lowering therapies. All participants had dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) scans of the feet and ankles at baseline. The proportion of participants achieving gout remission according to the 2016 preliminary gout remission criteria and simplified gout remission criteria (without the patient reported outcomes) was analyzed. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate predictors of gout remission in year 2.

Results

The preliminary gout remission criteria were fulfilled in 11 of 97 participants (11%) at year 1 and 21 of 92 participants (23%) at year 2. The simplified criteria were fulfilled in 26 of 97 participants (27%) in year 1 and 40 of 92 participants (44%) in year 2. In multivariable regression models, baseline DECT monosodium urate crystal volume was the only significant independent predictor of gout remission at year 2, using either criteria. Each 1‐cm3 increase in the baseline DECT monosodium urate crystal volume decreased the odds of fulfilling the 2016 preliminary gout remission criteria (odds ratio [OR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46–0.93; P = 0.02) and the simplified gout remission criteria (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.41–0.78; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In people with erosive gout on urate‐lowering therapy, higher baseline DECT monosodium urate crystal volume is associated with lower odds of gout remission after two years of treatment, defined by either the preliminary gout remission criteria or simplified gout remission criteria.
Advancing Recovery Post‐Spinal Cord Injury: Nanoparticle‐Mediated Reprogramming of Peripheral Macrophages
Authors: Liu Jingsong , Liu Daqian , Ma Rui , Ma Zhengang , Peng Zhibin , Wang Yangyang , Liu Yishu , Zhang Yubo , Li Pengfei , Li Mi , Luan Zhiwei , Zhao Yutong , Xu Fangxing , Wang Yansong
Published: August 2024

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) often result in secondary damage; therefore, interventions beyond current cell transplantation methods must be explored. The innate phagocytic propensity of macrophages are exploited for artificially aged erythrocytes and developed a delivery system fusing erythrocytes with reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐reactive nanoparticles prepared from a diselenide‐bond cross‐linked organic compound. The system targets peripheral blood macrophages, delivering anti‐glutamate drug‐loaded nanoparticles to the SCI site, releasing the drug upon ROS stimulation. This efficiently enables targeted drug delivery and reprograms peripheral macrophages through synergistic action with erythrocytes and encapsulated nucleic acids, effectively modulating the immune microenvironment in the SCI zone (significantly reduces neuronal apoptosis and alters the macrophage phenotype in the SCI region). The approach effectively addresses glutamate toxicity and immune inflammation by effectively regulating the lesion microenvironment, providing protection to neurons and creating favorable conditions for regeneration. Departing from the conventional “red blood cell backpack” model, the “chocolate chip cookie” concept is paradigm‐altering, enabling multifaceted erythrocyte functions. Collectively, the system comprehensively enhances the post‐SCI microenvironment. Its efficacy in SCI treatment and innovative drug delivery approach open new possibilities for neural function recovery. By laying the groundwork for future clinical applications, the research pioneers a transformative path toward advancing SCI therapeutics.
Uniform Molecular Adsorption Energy‐Driven Homogeneous Crystallization and Dual‐Interface Modification for High Efficiency and Thermal Stability in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Du Qinghao , Kang Haolong , Gu Xiaoyu , Shan Chengwei , Zeng Jie , Dai Tingting , Yang Qiong , Sun Xiaowen , Li Gongqiang , Zhou Erjun , Luo Guangfu , Xu Baomin , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko
Published: August 2024

Interfacial defects between perovskite and adjacent charge transport layers present a significant obstacle, hindering the enhancement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To address this challenge, a dual‐interface modification is proposed to aim at improving the performance of mixed‐halide PSCs. Specifically, the hole‐collecting side is modified with 5‐Aminopyridine‐2‐carboxylic Acid (APC), while the electron‐collecting side is modified with 2‐thiopheneethylammonium chloride (TEACl). The multifunctional APC enhances charge transfer by tailoring the interface between the perovskite and poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) through multiple bonding interactions, thereby suppressing interfacial nonradiative recombination. Density functional theory studies reveal that APC on the perovskite surface induces uniform adsorption energy, promoting homogenous crystallization without residual stress. Additionally, APC interlayer eliminates the localized edge states induced by the iodine vacancies near the conduction band edge. Further improvement in the device performance is achieved by passivating the top perovskite surface with TEACl, leading to well‐matched energy bands and reduced vacancy trap states. As a result, champion cell achieves a PCE of 24.87% with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.188 V. Furthermore, The dual‐interface modification improves thermal stability due to enhanced ion‐migration activation energy.
Atomic Fracture Mechanism in Suspended 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Ma Yinhang , Luo Ruichun , Tian Shihao , Ji Yujin , Pennycook Stephen J. , Liu Yuanyue , Yuan Quanzi , Zhou Wu
Published: August 2024

A comprehensive understanding of atomic fracture mechanisms in 2D materials is essential for their practical applications, yet this knowledge is currently limited. To address this gap, an aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to induce new cracks in suspended monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) using broad electron beam illumination, is employed. During characterization, a low‐dose electron beam to avoid irradiation damage, allowing to observe the atomic fracture behavior in these materials, is utilized. The STEM experiments reveal a novel atomic fracture pattern along the zigzag direction, resulting in a distribution where half of the chalcogen atoms (S or Se) adhered to the molybdenum‐terminated (Mo‐T) edge and the other half to the chalcogen‐terminated (S‐T or Se‐T) edge. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that this fracture mode produces a pair of edges with the lowest formation energy. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations support the observed fracture behavior under a mixed mechanical loading mode of “I+III” with both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane stress, originating from the ultrathin nature and nonplanar deformation in suspended 2D materials. This research offers new insights for the development of 2D fracture mechanics and is pivotal for designing devices incorporating 2D materials.
Ternary Logic Circuit and Neural Network Integration via Small Molecule‐Based Antiambipolar Vertical Electrochemical Transistor
Authors: Deng Ziyi , Yu Yaping , Zhou Yixin , Zhou Jinhao , Xie Miao , Tao Baining , Lai Yueping , Wen Jinjie , Fan Zefeng , Liu Xiangjun , Zhao Dan , Feng Liang‐Wen , Cheng Yuhua , Huang Cheng‐Geng , Yue Wan , Huang Wei
Published: August 2024

Circuits based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have great potential in the fields of biosensors and artificial neural computation due to their biocompatibility and neural similarity. However, the integration of OECT‐based circuits lags far behind other emerging electronics. Here, ternary inverters based on antiambipolar vertical OECTs (vOECTs) and their integration with the establishment of neural networks are demonstrated. Specifically, by adopting a small molecule (t‐gdiPDI) as the channel of vOECT, high antiambipolar performance, with current density of 33.9 ± 2.1 A cm−2 under drain voltage of 0.1 V, peak voltage ≈0 V, low driving voltage < ± 0.6 V, and current on/off ratio > 106, are realized. Consequently, vertically stacked ternary circuits based solely on OECTs are constructed for the first time, showing three distinct logical states and high integration density. By further developing inverter array as the internal fundamental units of ternary weight network hardware circuits for ternary processing and computation, it demonstrates excellent data classification and recognition capabilities. This work demonstrates the possibility of constructing multi‐valued logic circuits by OECTs and promotes a new strategy for high‐density integration and multivalued computing systems based on organic circuits.
Asymmetric Wettability Hydrogel Surfaces for Enduring Electromyographic Monitoring
Authors: Wu Jiahao , Xian Jiabao , He Chaofan , Lin Haowen , Li Jianliang , Li Fengyu
Published: August 2024

Hydrogel electrode interfaces have shown tremendous promise in the acquisition of surface electromyography (EMG) signals. However, the perspiration or moisture environments will trigger the deadhesion between hydrogel electrodes and human skin. Despite the hydrophobic/hydrophilic surfaces can perform the anti‐moisture or adhesion respectively, it remains a challenge to integrally form a Janus hydrogel with homogeneous mechanical elasticity and electronic performance. Herein, a surface induction strategy is proposed to approach the hydrophobic/hydrophilic hydrogel surfaces. The hydrophobic interaction between surfactants and molds regulates the distribution of hydrophobic/hydrophilic monomers on the surface. The hydrophobic molds induce a hydrophilic hydrogel surface, while the hydrophilic molds induce a hydrophobic surface. It presents a new phenomenon of reversal wettability inducing and optional hydrogel surfaces. The integral Janus hydrogel can be easily obtained by the hydrophilic molds. Balance of adhesion, elasticity, and conductivity endows the hydrogel electrode patch with durable conformal adhesion and high‐fidelity EMG signals even in the sweaty epidermis due to the asymmetric wettability surfaces. This hydrogel performs the quantitative description of muscle strength and accurate fatigue assessment. It offers a reliable candidate for future practical applications in continuous digital healthcare and intelligent human–machine interaction, even the Metaverse.
Machine Learning‐Enabled Tomographic Imaging of Chemical Short‐Range Atomic Ordering
Authors: Li Yue , Colnaghi Timoteo , Gong Yilun , Zhang Huaide , Yu Yuan , Wei Ye , Gan Bin , Song Min , Marek Andreas , Rampp Markus , Zhang Siyuan , Pei Zongrui , Wuttig Matthias , Ghosh Sheuly , Körmann Fritz , Neugebauer Jörg , Wang Zhangwei , Gault Baptiste
Published: August 2024

In solids, chemical short‐range order (CSRO) refers to the self‐organization of atoms of certain species occupying specific crystal sites. CSRO is increasingly being envisaged as a lever to tailor the mechanical and functional properties of materials. Yet quantitative relationships between properties and the morphology, number density, and atomic configurations of CSRO domains remain elusive. Herein, it is showcased how machine learning‐enhanced atom probe tomography (APT) can mine the near‐atomically resolved APT data and jointly exploit the technique's high elemental sensitivity to provide a 3D quantitative analysis of CSRO in a CoCrNi medium‐entropy alloy. Multiple CSRO configurations are revealed, with their formation supported by state‐of‐the‐art Monte‐Carlo simulations. Quantitative analysis of these CSROs allows establishing relationships between processing parameters and physical properties. The unambiguous characterization of CSRO will help refine strategies for designing advanced materials by manipulating atomic‐scale architectures.
TMEM16F Expressed in Kupffer Cells Regulates Liver Inflammation and Metabolism to Protect Against Listeria Monocytogenes
Authors: Tang Jianlong , Song Hua , Li Shimin , Lam Sin Man , Ping Jieming , Yang Mengyun , Li Na , Chang Teding , Yu Ze , Liu Weixiang , Lu Yan , Zhu Min , Tang Zhaohui , Liu Zheng , Guo Yusong R. , Shui Guanghou , Veillette André , Zeng Zhutian , Wu Ning
Published: August 2024

Infection by bacteria leads to tissue damage and inflammation, which need to be tightly controlled by host mechanisms to avoid deleterious consequences. It is previously reported that TMEM16F, a calcium‐activated lipid scramblase expressed in various immune cell types including T cells and neutrophils, is critical for the control of infection by bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in vivo. This function correlated with the capacity of TMEM16F to repair the plasma membrane (PM) damage induced in T cells in vitro, by the Lm toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). However, whether the protective effect of TMEM16F on Lm infection in vivo is mediated by an impact in T cells, or in other cell types, is not determined. Herein, the immune cell types and mechanisms implicated in the protective effect of TMEM16F against Lm in vivo are elucidated. Cellular protective effects of TMEM16F correlated with its capacity of lipid scrambling and augment PM fluidity. Using cell type‐specific TMEM16F‐deficient mice, the indication is obtained that TMEM16F expressed in liver Kupffer cells (KCs), but not in T cells or B cells, is key for protection against Listeria in vivo. In the absence of TMEM16F, Listeria induced PM rupture and fragmentation of KCs in vivo. KC death associated with greater liver damage, inflammatory changes, and dysregulated liver metabolism. Overall, the results uncovered that TMEM16F expressed in Kupffer cells is crucial to protect the host against Listeria infection. This influence is associated with the capacity of Kupffer cell‐expressed TMEM16F to prevent excessive inflammation and abnormal liver metabolism.
Induced Manipulation of Atomically Dispersed Cobalt through S Vacancy for Photocatalytic Water Splitting: Asymmetric Coordination and Dynamic Evolution
Authors: Chen Meixue , Li Minhao , Zhang Shuqu , Liu Xia , Yang Lixia , Song Ren‐Jie , Zou Jian‐Ping , Luo Shenglian
Published: August 2024

It is still a challenge to construct single‐atom level reduction and oxidation sites in single‐component photocatalyst by manipulating coordination configuration for photocatalytic water splitting. Herein, the atomically dispersed asymmetric configuration of six‐coordinated Co‐S2O4 (two exposed S atoms, two OH groups, and two Co─O─Zn bonds) suspending on ZnIn2S4 nanosheets verified by combining experimental analysis with theoretical calculation, is applied into photocatalytic water splitting. The Co‐S2O4 site immobilized by Vs acts as oxidation sites to guide electrons transferring to neighboring independent S atom, achieving efficient separation of reduction and oxidation sites. It is worth mentioning that stabilized Co‐S2O4 configuration show dynamic structure evolution to highly active Co‐S1O4 configuration (one exposed S atom, one OH group, and three Co─O─Zn bonds) in reaction, which lowers energy barrier of transition state for H2O activization. Ultimately, the optimized photocatalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for water splitting (H2: 80.13 µmol g−1 h−1, O2: 37.81 µmol g−1 h−1) and outstanding stability than that of multicomponent photocatalysts due to dynamic and reversible evolution between stable Co‐S2O4 configuration and active Co‐S1O4 configuration. This work demonstrates new cognitions on immobilized strategy through vacancy inducing, manipulating coordination configuration, and dynamic evolution mechanism of single‐atom level catalytic site in photocatalytic water splitting.
Magneto‐Controlled Tubular Liquid Actuators with Pore Engineering for Liquid Transport and Regulation
Authors: Zhao Huan , Wen Ruyi , Zhang Liyun , Chen Linfeng , Li Huizeng , Xia Fan , Song Yanlin
Published: August 2024

Liquid manipulation using tubular actuators finds diverse applications ranging from microfluidics, printing, liquid transfer to micro‐reactors. Achieving flexible and simple regulation of manipulated liquid droplets during transport is crucial for the tubular liquid actuators to perform complex and multiple functions, yet it remains challenging. Here, a facile tubular actuator for directional transport of various liquid droplets under the control of an externally applied magnetic field is presented. The surfaces of the actuator can be engineered with submillimeter‐sized through‐hole pores, which enables the liquid droplet to be easily modulated in the transport process. Furthermore, the liquid actuator with featured through‐hole pores is expanded to function as a switch in an integrated external electric circuit by magnetically controlling the motion of a conductive liquid droplet. This work develops a strategy for regulating liquid droplets in the tubular actuation systems, which may inspire ideas for designing functional liquid actuators with potential applications in microfluidics, microchemical reaction, liquid switch, and liquid robotics.
Targeting Neuraminidase 4 Attenuates Kidney Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Xiao Ping‐Ting , Hao Jin‐Hua , Kuang Yu‐Jia , Dai Cai‐Xia , Rong Xiao‐Ling , Jiang Li‐Long , Xie Zhi‐Shen , Zhang Lei , Chen Qian‐Qian , Liu E‐Hu
Published: August 2024

Despite significant progress in therapy, there remains a lack of substantial evidence regarding the molecular factors that lead to renal fibrosis. Neuraminidase 4 (NEU4), an enzyme that removes sialic acids from glycoconjugates, has an unclear role in chronic progressive fibrosis. Here, this study finds that NEU4 expression is markedly upregulated in mouse fibrotic kidneys induced by folic acid or unilateral ureter obstruction, and this elevation is observed in patients with renal fibrosis. NEU4 knockdown specifically in the kidney attenuates the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, reduces the production of pro‐fibrotic cytokines, and decreases cellular senescence in male mice. Conversely, NEU4 overexpression exacerbates the progression of renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, NEU4254‐388aa interacts with Yes‐associated protein (YAP) at WW2 domain (231‐263aa), promoting its nucleus translocation and activation of target genes, thereby contributing to renal fibrosis. 3,5,6,7,8,3ʹ,4ʹ‐Heptamethoxyflavone, a natural compound, is identified as a novel NEU4 inhibitor, effectively protecting mice from renal fibrosis in a NEU4‐dependent manner. Collectively, the findings suggest that NEU4 may represent a promising therapeutic target for kidney fibrosis.
Eutectic Network Synergy Interface Modification Strategy to Realize High‐Performance Zn‐I2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Zixiang , Wan Jiandong , Zhang Xiaoyang , Xu Dinghao , Pan Wei , Zhang Longhai , Li Hongbao , Zhang Chaofeng , Zhang Qianyu
Published: August 2024

Zn‐I2 batteries suffer from uncontrollable shuttle effects of polyiodine ions (I3− and I5−) at the cathode/electrolyte interface and side reactions induced by reactive H2O at the anode/electrolyte interface. In this study, a hydrated eutectic electrolyte is designed that synergizes the eutectic network and functional interfacial adsorbed layer to develop high‐performance Zn‐I2 batteries. The eutectic network can restrain active H2O molecules in the electrolyte to inhibit the side reaction at the anode/electrolyte interface and shuttle effect at the cathode/electrolyte interface. Additionally, the functional interfacial adsorbed layer guides the nucleation behavior of Zn2+ to inhibit the growth of dendrites and also separates the zinc anode from direct contact with active H2O molecules and polyiodine ions to inhibit corrosion. Theoretical calculation, in situ Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis) and Raman characterizations, and visualization experiments demonstrate that the hydrated eutectic electrolyte effectively inhibits the shuttling effect and improves the reversibility of zinc deposition/stripping behavior. Consequently, the Zn‐I2 battery can maintain a capacity of 133 mAh g−1 after 5000 cycles at 5 C. This highly efficient synergistic strategy offers a practical approach to the development of advanced Zn‐I2 batteries.
Boosting Photocatalytic Upcycling of Liquid Biomass into Biodiesel via Microenvironment Modulation
Authors: He Lijuan , Zhang Li‐Long , Zhou Heng , Nie Yingxia , Wang Hao , Tang Bing , Li Hui , Ma Tianyi , Zhang Heng
Published: August 2024

The rational design of a photocatalyst and its microenvironmental modulation is crucial in the heterogeneous photocatalysis process, yet relevant research on photocatalytic biodiesel synthesis is not explored. Herein, based on the prediction of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, highly efficient ternary biocompatible montmorillonite (Mt) nanocomposites of S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts (g‐C3N4‐TiO2@Mt, CTM) are successfully rationally designed. By modulating the microenvironment in photocatalytic biodiesel production, CTM‐2 demonstrates exceptional catalytic performance and stability, achieving a record‐breaking biodiesel yield of 98.5%. Through ex/in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (XANES), and theoretical calculations, the formation of S‐scheme heterojunction is revealed, which can generate an interface electric field (IEF) that provides an intrinsic driving force for carrier migration and enhances surface positivity. This boosts the enrichment effect of electronegative oleic acid (OA) carboxyl molecules, thus greatly enriching the substrate concentration and improving the reaction microenvironment. Moreover, in situ fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR)/Raman together with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) further confirm the formation of key intermediates CH3O• and ester carbonyl (C═O), and DFT calculations provide a key reference for the photocatalytic reaction pathway, of which CTM‐2 is determined to be capable of significantly reducing the energy barrier of rate‐determining step.
Frailty and chronic diseases: A bi‐directional relationship
Authors: Bhattarai Urza , Bashyal Bijaya , Shrestha Anu , Koirala Binu , Sharma Sanjib Kumar
Published: August 2024

Frailty is a multidimensional syndrome associated with a decline in reserve capacity across multiple organ systems involving physical, psychological, and social aspects. Weakness is the earliest indicator of the frailty process. Multi‐morbidity is the state of presence of two or more chronic diseases. Frailty and chronic diseases are interlinked as frail individuals are more prone to develop chronic diseases and multi‐morbid individuals may present with frailty. They share common risk factors, pathogenesis, progression, and outcomes. Significant risk factors include obesity, smoking, aging, sedentary, and stressful lifestyle. Pathophysiological mechanisms involve high levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines as seen in individuals with frailty and chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and anemia. Hence, frailty and chronic diseases go hand in hand and it is of utmost importance to identify them and intervene during early stages. Screening frailty and treating multi‐morbidity incorporate both pharmacological and majorly non‐ pharmacological measures, such as physical activities, nutrition, pro‐active care, minimizing polypharmacy and addressing reversible medical conditions. The purpose of this mini‐review is to highlight the interrelation of frailty and chronic diseases through the discussion of their predictors and outcomes and how timely interventions are essential to prevent the progression of one to the other.
Neuroimaging correlates of Alzheimer's disease biomarker concentrations in a racially diverse high‐risk cohort of middle‐aged adults
Authors: Misiura Maria , Munkombwe Chinkuli , Igwe Kay , Verble Danielle D. , Likos Kelly D. S. , Minto Lex , Bartlett Alexandria , Zetterberg Henrik , Turner Jessica A. , Dotson Vonetta M. , Brickman Adam M. , Hu William T. , Wharton Whitney
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

In this study, we investigated biomarkers in a midlife, racially diverse, at‐risk cohort to facilitate early identification and intervention. We examined neuroimaging measures, including resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), white matter hyperintensity vo (WMH), and hippocampal volumes, alongside cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers.

METHODS

Our data set included 76 cognitively unimpaired, middle‐aged, Black Americans (N = 29, F/M = 17/12) and Non‐Hispanic White (N = 47, F/M = 27/20) individuals. We compared cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau141 and amyloid beta (Aβ)42 to fMRI default mode network (DMN) subnetwork connectivity, WMH volumes, and hippocampal volumes.

RESULTS

Results revealed a significant race × Aβ42 interaction in Black Americans: lower Aβ42 was associated with reduced DMN connectivity and increased WMH volumes regions but not in non‐Hispanic White individuals.

DISCUSSION

Our findings suggest that precuneus DMN connectivity and temporal WMHs may be linked to Alzheimer's disease risk pathology during middle age, particularly in Black Americans.

Highlights

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ)42 relates to precuneus functional connectivity in Black, but not White, Americans.

Higher white matter hyperintensity volume relates to lower CSF Aβ42 in Black Americans.

Precuneus may be a hub for early Alzheimer's disease pathology changes detected by functional connectivity.
Water‐Vapor Responsive Metallo‐Peptide Nanofibers
Authors: Dey Avishek , Naranjo Elma , Saha Ranajit , Zhang Sheng , Nair Maya Narayanan , Li Tai‐De , Chen Xi , Ulijn Rein V.
Published: August 2024

Short peptides are versatile molecules for the construction of supramolecular materials. Most reported peptide materials are hydrophobic, stiff, and show limited response to environmental conditions in the solid‐state. Herein, we describe a design strategy for minimalistic supramolecular metallo‐peptide nanofibers that, depending on their sequence, change stiffness, or reversibly assemble in the solid‐state, in response to changes in relative humidity (RH). We tested a series of histidine (H) containing dipeptides with varying hydrophobicity, XH, where X is G, A, L, Y (glycine, alanine, leucine, and tyrosine). The one‐dimensional fiber formation is supported by metal coordination and dynamic H‐bonds. Solvent conditions were identified where GH/Zn and AH/Zn formed gels that upon air‐drying gave rise to nanofibers. Upon exposure of the nanofiber networks to increasing RH, a reduction in stiffness was observed with GH/Zn fibers reversibly (dis‐)assembled at 60–70 % RH driven by a rebalancing of hydrogen bonding interactions between peptides and water. When these metallo‐peptide nanofibers were deposited on the surface of polyimide films and exposed to varying RH, peptide/water‐vapor interactions in the solid‐state mechanically transferred to the polymer film, leading to the rapid and reversible folding‐unfolding of the films, thus demonstrating RH‐responsive actuation.
Triphasic Hydroxysilylation of Alkenes by Mechanically Piezoelectric Catalysis
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Zhang Xuemei , He Xiaochun , Guo Guangqing , Huang Qian , You Fengzhi , Wang Qingqing , Qu Ruiling , Zhou Fei , Lian Zhong
Published: August 2024

The 1,2‐hydroxysilylation of alkenes is crucial for synthesizing organosilicon compounds which are key intermediates in material science, pharmaceuticals, and organic synthesis. The development of strategies employing hydrogen atom transfer pathways is currently hindered by the existence of various competing reactions. Herein, we reported a novel mechanochemical strategy for the triphasic 1,2‐hydroxysilylation of alkenes through a single‐electron‐transfer pathway. Our approach not only circumvents competitive reactions to enable the first‐ever 1,2‐hydroxysilylation of unactivated alkenes but also pioneers the research in mechanic force‐induced triphasic reactions under ambient conditions. This gentle method offers excellent compatibility with various functional groups, operates under simple and solvent‐free conditions, ensures rapid reaction time. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that silylboronate can be transformed to a silicon radical by highly polarized Li2TiO3 particles and oxygen under ball‐milling condition.
Unveiling the Activity Origin of Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution on Heteroatom‐Decorated Carbon Matrix
Authors: Li Yang , Chen Cailing , Zhao Guoxiang , Huang Huawei , Ren Yuanfu , Zuo Shouwei , Wu Zhi‐Peng , Zheng Lirong , Lai Zhiping , Zhang Jian , Rueping Magnus , Han Yu , Zhang Huabin
Published: August 2024

Chemical modification via functional dopants in carbon materials holds great promise for elevating catalytic activity and stability. To gain comprehensive insights into the pivotal mechanisms and establish structure‐performance relationships, especially concerning the roles of dopants, remains a pressing need. Herein, we employ computational simulations to unravel the catalytic function of heteroatoms in the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), focusing on a physical model of high‐electronegative F and N co‐doped carbon matrix. Theoretical and experimental findings elucidate that the enhanced activity originates from the F and pyridinic‐N (Py−N) species that achieve carbon activation. This activated carbon significantly lowers the conversion energy barrier from O* to OOH*, shifts the potential‐limiting step from OOH* formation to O* generation, and ultimately optimizes the energy barrier of the potential‐limiting step. This wok elucidates that the critical role of heteroatoms in catalyzing the reaction and unlocks the potential of carbon materials for acidic OER.
Photo‐BQCA: Postiv allostere Modulatoren ermöglichen die optische Kontrolle des M1‐Rezeptors
Authors: Gerwe Hubert , Schaller Eva , Sortino Rosalba , Opar Ekin , Martínez‐Tambella Joaquín , Bermudez Marcel , Lane J. Robert , Gorostiza Pau , Decker Michael
Published: August 2024

Das Forschungsgebiet der G‐Protein‐gekoppelten Rezeptoren (GPCRs) hat stark vom Gewinn an räumlich‐zeitlicher Auflösung profitiert, der mit der Entwicklung licht‐kontrollierbarer und ‐schaltbarer Verbindungen einhergeht. Die meisten der synthetisierten molekularen Werkzeuge adressieren die Klasse A GPCRs (Rhodopsin‐ähnlich), die größte Subfamilie dieser Rezeptorklasse. All diese molekularen Werkzeuge wurden entworfen, um die orthosterische Bindungsstelle der GPCRs zu adressieren. In dieser Arbeit berichten wir über die ersten photoschaltbaren allosterischen Modulatoren an Klasse A GPCRs, die entwickelt wurden, um den muscarinischen Acetylcholinrezeptor Subtyp 1 (M1) zu aktivieren. Die dargestellten Derivate der Benzylchinoloncarbonsäure (BQCA), nämlich Photo‐BQCisA and Photo‐BQCtrAns, zeigen komplementäres photopharmakologisches Verhalten und erlauben die reversible Kontrolle über den M1R mittels Licht als externem Stimulus. Dieses Verhalten lässt diese Substanzen wertvoll erscheinen, etwa um das M1R‐Signalling zu untersuchen und zudem dient diese Arbeit als Machbarkeitsstudie für die Darstellung anderer photoschaltbarer Modulatoren für Klasse A‐Rezeptoren
Bioorthogonal Synthetic Chemistry Enabled by Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Mato Mauro , Fernández‐González Xulián , D'Avino Cinzia , Tomás‐Gamasa María , Mascareñas José L.
Published: August 2024

The field of bioorthogonal chemistry has revolutionized our ability to interrogate and manipulate biological systems at the molecular level. However, the range of chemical reactions that can operate efficiently in biological environments without interfering with the native cellular machinery, remains limited. In this context, the rapidly growing area of photocatalysis offers a promising avenue for developing new type of bioorthogonal tools. The inherent mildness, tunability, chemoselectivity, and external controllability of photocatalytic transformations make them particularly well‐suited for applications in biological and living systems. This minireview summarizes recent advances in bioorthogonal photocatalytic technologies, with a particular focus on their potential to enable the selective generation of designed products within biologically relevant or living settings.
G‐Quadruplex RNA Based PROTAC Enables Targeted Degradation of RNA Binding Protein FMRP for Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Peng Ruixi , Huang Qian , Wang Li , Qiao Gongxi , Huang Xiangrong , Jiang Jianhui , Chu Xia
Published: August 2024

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA binding protein (RBP), is aberrantly hyper‐expressed in human tumors and plays an essential role in tumor invasion, metastasis and immune evasion. However, there is no small‐molecule inhibitor for FMRP so far. In this study, we developed the first FMRP‐targeting degrader based on PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) technology and constructed a heterobifunctional PROTAC through linking a FMRP‐targeting G‐quadruplex RNA (sc1) to a von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL)‐targeting ligand peptide (named as sc1‐VHLL). Sc1‐VHLL specifically degraded endogenous FMRP via ubiquitination pathway in both mouse and human cancer cells. The FMRP degradation significantly changed the secretion pattern of cancer cells, resulting in higher expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine and smaller amounts of immunomodulatory contents. Furthermore, sc1‐VHLL, when encapsulated into ionizable liposome nanoparticles (LNP), efficiently targeted tumor site and degraded FMRP in cancer cells. In CT26 tumor‐bearing mouse model, FMRP degradation within tumors substantially promoted the infiltration of lymphocytes and CD8 T cells and reduced the proportion of Treg cells, reshaping the proinflammatory tumor microenvironment and accordingly transforming cold tumor into hot tumor. When combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, sc1‐VHLL based treatment remarkably inhibited the tumor growth.
Radical Isomerization Homopolymerization of Linear α‐Olefins to Access C5, C6 or C7 Polymers
Authors: An Bang , Yue Chaowei , Liu Shuai , Sun Lixing , Sun Tingting , Liu Jian‐Biao , Li Yifan
Published: August 2024

Non‐activated linear α‐olefins are valuable building blocks for organic transformation or olefin (co)polymerization, but they are recognized as textbook knowledge for non‐homopolymerizable monomers under radical conditions. In this article, we disclose our effort to achieve an unprecedented library of all carbon‐bonded sequence‐regulated polymers via radical isomerization homopolymerization of α‐olefin derivatives. The success of this distinctive polymerization is attributed to the remarkable efficiency and selectivity exhibited during the cyano group migration or hydrogen atom transfer, which is greatly enhanced by the precise engineering of their monomer structures. This polymerization process enables the elongation of polymer chains by five, six, or seven carbon atoms at each propagation step. These polymers, obtained through the cyano group migration or hydrogen atom transfer involved radical isomerization polymerization processes, emerge as promising candidates resembling polyethylene or polyacrylonitrile copolymers.