bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The experience and needs of myeloma patients: exploring race and ethnicity
Authors: Hurtado Martínez Jorge Arturo , Marmarosh Cheri L. , Flores Pérez Patricia Alejandra , Sweeney Nathan W. , Barton David F. , Calloway-Campbell Marsha G. , Ahlstrom Jennifer M. , Hydren Jay R.
Published: April 2024

Importance: Race and ethnicity are critical factors that influence healthcare equity for cancer patients and need to be studied. Objective: This study explores how race and ethnicity influence patients living with multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable blood cancer. Design: Four hundred and thirty-five patients diagnosed with smoldering or active MM completed an online survey. Measure: The survey consisted of questions related to MM diagnosis, patient needs at diagnosis and later in treatment, and interest in coaching with an experienced MM patient/caregiver. Results: Results revealed differences among Black, White, and MHL (Mexican, Hispanic, and Latino/a) patients. Black patients, in this study, had a higher genetic risk for MM compared to White and MHL patients. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Black patients were also the least likely to be seeing a MM specialist. Similarities regarding needs at diagnosis included treatment options, life expectancy, and basic information about MM. All participants across identities reported an interest in clinical trials. Black patients more frequently reported wanting to know how to cope with anxiety and fear. Black patients also more frequently expressed interest in receiving one-on-one patient centered coaching than White and MHL patients. MHL patients were the least interested in coaching. Conclusion: There are differences and similarities across racial and ethnic identities, and a clear need for more outreach to Black patients with MM who have higher risk diagnoses; less care from MM specialists; and are interested in coaching, clinical trials, and receiving support.
Development of the computer space as a factor in Russia’s strategic stability
Authors: Malinetskii Georgii Gennadyevich
Published: April 2024

The technosphere, when compared to the biosphere, is often called second nature. The emerging computer reality can justifiably be called third nature. The state and prospects for the development of our civilization (the world of Russia) are now determined largely by its coordinates in this space. The rise of the mathematics industry and computer technology has begun to become an important component of strategic stability in our world. I consider this range of problems and ways to solve them from an interdisciplinary perspective. The theory of self-organization (synergetics) is of particular importance in such an analysis. The development of third nature (computer reality) radically changes the tools and scenario of self-organization in the social sphere, in the economy, and in the military space. Both the world and Russia are at a bifurcation point, in which the choice will determine the prosperity and security of people at the present time, as well as their place and role in the new reality in the foreseeable future. Computers have greatly increased our capabilities and at the same time created very serious risks. The capabilities of the state are determined by the projection of its state onto the social, economic and military spaces. Computers and networks can provide a tool for total social control of society. In a world of machines and artificial intelligence, there may be no room for the work of most people, and this could transform our world. We have reached the era of “unmanned wars” and “wars with an unknown enemy” in the world of weapons. A huge space has emerged in the sphere of international relations where negotiations should be made. There is a danger of a rollback to the New Middle Ages. I discuss both these strategic threats and the efforts that must be made to ensure that, after the bifurcation, we find ourselves on an ascending rather than a descending branch of development.
Estarão as escolas do Grande Porto preparadas para alimentar crianças com doença celíaca?
Authors:   Associação Portuguesa de Celíacos, Galeria Comercial Mota Galiza - Rua Calouste  Gulbenkian, loja n.º 59, 4050-145 Porto, Portugal, Silva Sara , Pinto Elisabete ,   Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e  Química Fina – Laboratório  Associado, Escola Superior  de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho, n.º 1327,  4169-005, Porto, Portugal,   EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal, Pimenta Martins Ana ,   Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e  Química Fina – Laboratório  Associado, Escola Superior  de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho, n.º 1327,  4169-005, Porto, Portugal, Jorge Rita ,   Associação Portuguesa de Celíacos, Galeria Comercial Mota Galiza - Rua Calouste  Gulbenkian, loja n.º 59, 4050-145 Porto, Portugal
Published: April 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: Sendo a dieta isenta de glúten o único tratamento atualmente existente para a doença celíaca, as escolas, local onde as crianças permanecem grande parte do seu dia, devem assegurar uma alimentação compatível com estas necessidades. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar i) a perceção dos pais de crianças com doença celíaca relativamente à capacidade das escolas fornecerem refeições isentas de glúten, ii) o conhecimento dos profissionais das escolas sobre doença celíaca e sobre cuidados a ter numa dieta isenta de glúten, iii) e o impacto da realização de formação nesse conhecimento. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por encarregados de educação de crianças celíacas, com idades compreendidas entre os 2 e os 9 anos, sócios da Associação Portuguesa de Celíacos e residentes no Grande Porto e pelos profissionais das escolas que essas crianças frequentavam. Aplicou-se um questionário aos primeiros para perceção da confiança na segurança das refeições nas escolas e um questionário sobre doença celíaca e dieta isenta de glúten a profissionais de escolas que receberam ou não formação sobre o assunto. Para testar hipóteses sobre a independência de variáveis qualitativas foram aplicados o teste de Qui-quadrado de independência ou o teste exato de Fisher. Em todos os testes de hipóteses foi considerado um nível de significância de α=5%. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que apenas metade dos pais confiava que as escolas eram capazes de cumprir uma dieta isenta de glúten para os seus filhos (56,3%). Mais de metade dos profissionais das escolas nunca tinha recebido formação sobre doença celíaca, tendo-se observado diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os profissionais que receberam ou não formação em termos de conhecimentos sobre doença celíaca. CONCLUSÕES: Uma proporção considerável de pais de crianças celíacas não confia na segurança das refeições servidas nas escolas dos seus filhos. Revelou-se ser necessário assegurar mais formação ao serviço de alimentação e restauração das escolas. Concluiu-se ainda que é necessário trabalhar na formação para melhoria efetiva dos conhecimentos.
Análise da efetividade da terapêutica nutricional no controlo da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
Authors:   Unidade de Recursos Assistenciais Partilhados do ACeS Porto Ocidental,  Administração Regional de  Saúde do Norte- IP,  Rua Vila Nova, s/n, 4100-503 Porto, Portugal, Novais Clara , Monteiro Isabel ,   Unidade de Recursos Assistenciais Partilhados do ACeS Porto Ocidental,  Administração Regional de  Saúde do Norte- IP,  Rua Vila Nova, s/n, 4100-503 Porto, Portugal
Published: April 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: A Terapêutica Nutricional individualizada constitui, a par da farmacoterapia, um fator fundamental no controlo da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. A avaliação da efetividade da Terapêutica Nutricional em adultos com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 passa pelo controlo glicémico, redução de fatores de risco cardiovascular, redução do peso e/ou prevenção do seu ganho, diminuição do uso de fármacos e aumento da qualidade de vida. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a efetividade da Terapêutica Nutricional no controlo da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 em adultos pela avaliação da evolução do perfil glicémico e evolução ponderal. METODOLOGIA: Recolheram-se dados sociodemográficos, analíticos e antropométricos de 75 indivíduos com diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, acompanhados durante 3 anos numa Consulta de Nutrição dos Cuidados de Saúde Primários. Os resultados são apresentados como média ± desvio-padrão. Para o estudo estatístico aplicou-se o teste t-Student para variáveis normais, e o teste Wilcoxon para as restantes variáveis. RESULTADOS: Observaram-se melhorias, estatisticamente significativas na avaliação antropométrica: peso (-0,8 Kg) e Índice de Massa Corporal (-0,7 Kg/m2) e perfil glicémico: HbA1c (-0,6%) e glicemia em jejum (-21 mg/dl) após 3 meses de Terapêutica Nutricional, bem como a longo prazo: peso (-7,8 Kg), Índice de Massa Corporal (-2,5 Kg/m2) e glicemia em jejum(-28 mg/dl). CONCLUSÕES: Perante as melhorias significativas verificadas ao nível da evolução ponderal e perfil glicémico 3 meses após o início da Terapêutica Nutricional e quando se comparou os dados iniciais com os obtidos aos 3 anos de Terapêutica Nutricional, é possível inferir que a Terapêutica Nutricional individualizada é efetiva no controlo da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, pelo que deveria ser disponibilizada a todos os indivíduos com este diagnóstico. Assim, é importante sensibilizar a população para a sua relevância e importância da sua manutenção a longo prazo e os gestores para a dotação de rácios adequados de Nutricionistas nos Cuidados de Saúde Primários.
Máquinas de venda automática de alimentos/ bebidas da Universidade do Porto: caracterização da oferta alimentar
Authors:   Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre,  n.º 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, Cruz Dias Inês , Tavares Rosa ,   Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre,  n.º 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal,   Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n,  4169-007 Porto, Portugal, Franchini Bela ,   Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre,  n.º 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal, Rodrigues Sara ,   Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre,  n.º 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
Published: April 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: A entrada no ensino superior é um período transicional muito importante pela aquisição de uma maior independência nas escolhas alimentares. Nos últimos anos, tem aumentado o número de Máquinas de Venda Automática de Alimentos e Bebidas nos estabelecimentos de ensino, contribuindo para a oferta alimentar institucional. OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar a oferta de alimentos e bebidas nas Máquinas de Venda Automática de Alimentos e Bebidas da Universidade do Porto. METODOLOGIA: Desenvolvimento e aplicação de um formulário para avaliação da oferta alimentar das Máquinas de Venda Automática de Alimentos e Bebidas presentes nas 14 faculdades e nos 2 cafés E-learning da Universidade do Porto. A recolha de dados foi efetuada no 2.º semestre do ano letivo 2018/2019. Entre todas as máquinas de bebidas quentes avaliadas foram escolhidas 6 máquinas, uma de cada uma das empresas fornecedoras identificadas, para a recolha de amostras do açúcar padrão e máximo disponibilizado. A categorização dos alimentos e bebidas em permitidos e proibidos, bem como, a análise das quantidades de açúcar disponibilizadas, seguiram o estabelecido no Despacho 7516-A/2016. RESULTADOS: Nas 123 máquinas avaliadas, os géneros alimentícios encontrados com maior frequência foram os refrigerantes (16,7%), as águas sem gás (16,3%) e os produtos de pastelaria (10,9%). Nos equipamentos avaliados, 49% dos géneros alimentícios presentes (com uma variação de 15,6% a 56,3% nos diferentes locais) foram considerados como proibidos. Não existiram diferenças significativas na disponibilização de géneros alimentícios permitidos e proibidos em Máquinas de Venda Automática de Alimentos e Bebidas instaladas em faculdades da área de saúde e de outras áreas. Nenhuma distribuidora cumpriu com os 5 g de açúcar máximo definido. CONCLUSÕES: Perante os dados obtidos, parece evidente a necessidade de reformular a oferta alimentar nestes equipamentos da Universidade do Porto, no sentido de melhorar a qualidade dos géneros alimentícios disponibilizados e promover escolhas alimentares mais adequadas.
Desperdício alimentar numa população sem-abrigo: estudo de caso
Authors:   Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real,  Portugal, Liz Martins Margarida ,   Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF –  Centro de Biotecnologia e  Química Fina – Laboratório  Associado,  Rua Diogo Botelho, n.º 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal,   GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Edifício de Ciências  Agrárias (FCV2), Rua da Agrária, n.º 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal,   CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and  Biological Sciences, 5000-801 Vila Real,  Portugal, João Veiga Maria ,   Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre,  n.º 823,  4150-180 Porto, Portugal, Rocha Ada ,   GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Edifício de Ciências  Agrárias (FCV2), Rua da Agrária, n.º 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal,   Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre,  n.º 823,  4150-180 Porto, Portugal,   LAQV-Requimte – University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
Published: April 2024

O desperdício alimentar tem sido alvo de especial atenção nos últimos anos e a sua dimensão tem gerado preocupação a nível dos governos e da sociedade civil em geral. Este estudo foi realizado numa Instituição que alberga e apoia os sem-abrigo na cidade do Porto e teve como objetivo quantificar o desperdício alimentar na instituição e identificar as suas causas. A quantificação do desperdício sob a forma de sobras e restos foi realizada durante 21 dias, incluindo as refeições do almoço e jantar servidos a um total de 60 utentes. Para avaliação do desperdício foi utilizado o método de pesagem agregada não seletiva, com pesagem inicial da quantidade total de alimentos confecionados, pesagem dos alimentos confecionados, mas não servidos (sobras) e dos restos após o consumo das refeições. No prato, verificou-se um valor médio de 17,5% para as sobras e 18,9% para os restos. Relativamente à sopa, observou-se um valor médio de 10,5% para as sobras e de 13,1% para os restos. Apesar das diferenças não serem estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05), nos pratos cujo método de confeção foi o estufado e/ou o cozido, verificaram-se percentagens mais elevadas de sobras do que nos pratos cujo método de confeção foi o assado ou frito. A ementa influenciou o desperdício alimentar, verificando-se que para algumas ementas não existiam sobras. A taxa de utentes faltosos influenciou significativamente (p<0,05) a percentagem de sobras do prato. O desperdício alimentar observado implica uma classificação do serviço de alimentação como “mau”. A ementa e o número de utentes faltosos foram causas do desperdício alimentar nesta instituição.
Parvimonas micra-Induced Paraspinal Abscess and Pyogenic Spondylitis Following Dental Extraction: A Case Report with a Brief Literature Review
Authors: Yu Jae Wook , Oh Bu Kwang , Son Dong Wuk , Lee Jun Seok , Lee Su Hun , Sung Soon Ki , Lee Sang Weon , Song Geun Sung
Published: April 2024

The increasing prevalence of pyogenic spondylitis in older adults is primarily driven by Staphylococcus aureus. Cases caused by anaerobic bacteria are rare. This report focuses on a 71-year-old man diagnosed with spondylitis due to an anaerobic bacterial infection. The causative pathogen—Parvimonas micra—is typically found in the oral cavity. Interestingly, the patient had undergone a tooth extraction before the diagnosis. He was successfully treated with antibiotics; therefore, surgery was not necessary. This case is notable for the uncommon infective organism and, along with a concise literature review, this report provides valuable insights for the medical community.
Long-Term Wind Energy Production from Shallow Water Offshore Platforms Destined for Removal
Authors: Song Ziyang , Ershaghi Iraj
Published: April 2024

This paper extends the previous studies (SNAME-ISSC-2022. OTC-24586-MS I OMC-2021) and focuses on the feasibility of repurposing shallow water offshore oil platforms for renewable energy generation using wind turbines. It is based on an economic analysis of installing wind turbines on platforms reaching the decommissioning stage. We focused on 23 platforms in POCSR and 180 platforms in the GOMR. The economic analysis included guidelines of the Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) in 2023 published by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). We used data for economic calculation from BOEM, BSEE, and NREL databases. The System Advisor Model (SAM) is used for techno-economic modeling. The capacity of wind turbines was considered under conservative, moderate, and advanced scenarios. CAPEX, OPEX, internal rate of return, interest rate, depreciation rate, tax rate, and project lifetime were considered in the economic analysis. LCOE is selected as the key economic to determine project economic viability. This paper demonstrates the importance of developing economic incentives for energy producer operators to decommission shallow water idle platforms by contributing to the development of renewable energy sources.
Successful Perforation of Fiber Glass Casing for the 1st Time in KOC to Convert Idle Observation Well to Producer, A Case Study
Authors: Matar S. , Kurma R. , Al-Fadhli W. , Shastri M. C. , Muthafar M. , Yaser M.
Published: April 2024

As part of the Wellbore Utilization and Asset's idle well reactivation initiative in KOC, Fields Development S&EK evaluated several Saturation Observation wells completed with Fiber Glass casing across the Wara reservoir, currently under waterflood. The existence of brittle fiber glass casing was a major challenge that could jeopardize the well integrity during Work Over or Production life of the well. After reviewing all potential risks during recompletion, a well was successfully perforated and completed with substantial oil production gain.

The subject well completed with fiber glass casing was monitored for saturation changes with time-lapse resistivity surveys between 2017 and 2023. The latest diagnostic resistivity survey recorded in 2023 confirmed good oil potential in Wara sands. A thorough investigation of cement integrity prior to perforations was performed to evaluate the zonal isolation. The perforation was done with 4-1/2″ high Speed perforation gun and production logging with noise diagnostic log was recorded right after the perforations, to confirm the fiber glass casing integrity. As a final verification, a downhole camera log confirmed the good condition of the casing and its integrity.

The resistivity diagnostic time-lapse survey results confirmed no depletion across the target Wara sands in the well with initial hydrocarbon saturation. The offset producers/injectors were reviewed as well to confirm the potential and saturation profile. Cement evaluation prior to re-completion has revealed very good cement bond behind the fiber glass casing, with no indication of any channeling or poor bonding. The 4-1/2″ HMX gun was pre-selected to ensure deep penetration with maximum reservoir contact. The returns from the re-circulation post perforation job during the wellbore cleanup have indicated no traces of any debris from the fiber glass.

A production logging (PLT) along with HPT-SNL noise log recorded confirmed no movement of fluid behind casing and above the producing Wara formation, ensuring the reservoir and casing integrity. The downhole camera log revealed a very clear insight on the perforation entry holes, integrity associated with the perforation and the overall fiber glass condition, which was observed to be fully intact during the whole completion process.

The well became the first ever successful conversion of a fiber glass casing observation well to an oil producer in KOC. The direct conversion meant a substantial cost reduction for KOC by avoiding a liner cost or even sidetracking the well. The downhole camera log has confirmed the completion process as a success and paved the way for monitoring downhole well conditions for many other applications including corrosion and well integrity management for the asset.
Condition-Based Maintenance of Oilfield Cement Pumper: A Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Duarte J. J. , Vaithianathan S. , Mohan D. K. , Nakamura M. , Soin M. , Tilakpure N , Tan D. , Kohar A.
Published: April 2024

Cement-pumping equipment is used to perform pressure-pumping services, which are vital in the oil well construction process. This equipment has a complicated design that involves the integration of several original equipment manufacturer (OEM) components. Not only are they expensive to manufacture, but also because they operate under stressful conditions, they incur high maintenance costs. The efficient and timely condition-based maintenance of these assets are critical to increase equipment life and availability, to mitigate any major repair expenditures and to prevent costly nonproductive time. Until recently, we have been following a traditional scheduled maintenance process and lacked a data-driven process and methods to monitor the equipment and perform condition-based maintenance. To address this, we analyzed the historical acquisition data from this equipment and developed prognostics health management (PHM) models that diagnose the performance degradation of the critical components and alert us to perform condition-based maintenance.

In this paper we describe the method and application of the four PHM models we developed and implemented in 2023. The first three distinct models monitor the performance of three different centrifugal pumps designated for distinct functionalities within our system. The fourth model monitors the performance of the radiator that dissipates heat from the coolant that regulates the temperature of lubrication systems for the engine and transmission. All four models were tested on historic data and successfully deployed to identify deviation from healthy operating zones in the production jobs. The results are promising, given the models have identified 22 defects since deployment.

The Dataiku platform was used for data processing, analysis, and algorithm development for models. The first three models were developed using a polynomial regression method along the root mean square error (RMSE) metric. The fourth model was developed using a curated dataset to delineate the zone of interest and to define the thresholds for detecting deviations. The results of the PHM models were visualized on interactive dashboards, statistically significant outliers are analyzed in real time, and used to alert the operations and maintenance teams in the field.
Spatial Monitoring of Geological Carbon Storage Progress Using Time-Lapse Satellite Images
Authors: Li Y. , Dodds N. , Leezenberg P. , Kovscek A. R.
Published: April 2024

We propose a new Geological Carbon Storage (GCS) monitoring approach to demonstrate the potential use of satellite images for monitoring of a pilot project in Kern County, California. The scope includes identification of appropriate subsurface and surface conditions for success. This is an ideal candidate site due to its surface condition, with little vegetation for less observation noise and stable baseline measurements. We successfully detected historical land movements from 2015 to 2021 based on the satellite images with a resolution of 1 mm/year. Numerical simulation informs that land uplift ranges from 0.011 to 0.105 ft (3.27 to 31.85 mm) due to carbon dioxide injection considering geomechanical uncertainties. The spatial and vertical resolution of the observational data fulfills requirements for monitoring of GCS projects.

We conduct a global sensitivity study to identify the impacting factors for land surface deformation. There are seven parameters selected from three main aspects, including rock mechanics, rock physics, and field operation factors. We use Latin hypercube to sample the parameter space for 200 simulation runs. The baseline simulation model represents the pilot site, and it couples with mechanics to compute rock deformation and land surface movements. The challenges of the complex response dataset motivate to extend the capability of a distance-based generalized sensitivity analysis (DGSA) method, using principal component analysis (PCA) and an autoencoder to extract essential features and reduce data dimensionality. The reconstructed images from both methods preserve the pattern and magnitude of land movement. PCA captures more than 96% of cumulative variance using 6 principal components (PCs), and the autoencoder allows the latent vectors (in dimension of 8) to extract necessary features and information from inputs. In general, the satellite images recover information regarding rock mechanics and field operation parameters. Complex, time-series satellite images allow us to infer a more complete set of parameters; however, the magnitude of land movement recovers limited information, that includes sandstone Young's modulus and injection rate. The two-way interaction of sandstone Young's modulus and injection rate are sensitive under all scenarios. We simulate synthetic satellite images from the baseline numerical model, and it provides additional information to history match a reservoir simulation model and reduce uncertainty while tracking the spatial evolution of stored carbon dioxide.
Data Analytics and Machine Learning Application for Reservoir Potential Prediction in Vuggy Carbonate Reservoirs Using Conventional Well Logging
Authors: Gharieb Amr , Gabry Mohamed Adel , Elsawy Mohamed , Algarhy Ahmed , Ibrahim Ahmed Farid , Darraj Nihal , Sarker M. R. , Adel Samuel
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study is to tackle the challenges associated with assessing the potential of carbonate reservoirs, especially when specialized logs such as image logs are unavailable. The primary aim is to introduce a novel workflow that integrates machine learning and data analytics to improve the evaluation of carbonate reservoir potential using conventional logs.

The recommended technique has several aspects. Beginning with feature engineering, techniques such as geometric and harmonic averaging, combined with Z-score standard deviation, are applied to log data. This process yields a diverse set of over 200 metrics, offering a panoramic view of the reservoir's nature. Following this, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed as a means of dimensionality reduction. This strategic implementation of PCA becomes instrumental in honing in on the pivotal variables paramount for an accurate reservoir evaluation. Complementing these methods, data visualization, particularly through strategic parameter plotting, assumes a pivotal role. It aids in distinguishing inherent relationships, and patterns, and offers insights critical for an informed reservoir assessment.

Out of the diverse outcomes, two observations distinctly stand out. First, through the lens of advanced visualization techniques, there emerges a discernible boundary separating the high-risk from the low-risk reservoir zones. This critical delineation provides a cornerstone, bolstering decision-making with amplified confidence. Second, a machine learning model, crafted leveraging the engineered features, comes to the fore, showcasing an impressive accuracy rate that surpasses 85%. What makes this accomplishment particularly remarkable is that such precision was attained by relying solely on conventional logs, eliminating the customary dependency on specialized tools.

In summation, this study makes an emphatic case for the integration of advanced data science techniques in carbonate reservoir evaluation, especially when confronted with the absence of specialized logs. By offering a comprehensive methodology buoyed by machine learning, the research not only charts a methodological path forward but also presents the industry with a cost-effective reservoir assessment paradigm.
Integration of Real-Time Monitoring and Data Analytics to Mitigate Sand Screenouts During Fracturing Operations
Authors: Hou Lei , Elsworth Derek , Gong Peibin , Bian Xiaobing , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2024

Sand screenout, the most frequent incident during hydraulic fracturing, is one of the major threats to operational safety and efficiency. Screenout occurs when advancing hydraulic fractures are blocked by injected proppant-slurry, stall, and develop fluid overpressure. Because massive wells are still being hydraulically fractured every year, operational safety has become a critical and urgent issue that has always been overshadowed by the whether-or-not controversy. However, the suddenness and unheralded surprise of screenout make it extremely difficult to predict and handle. Previous efforts attempt to predict screenout as discrete events by interpreting injection pressure directly. We propose and then demonstrate a self-updating (via data and experience augmentation) and customizable (numerical models and algorithms) data-driven strategy of real-time monitoring and management for screenout based on records of shale gas fracturing. Two new indicators—proppant filling index (PFI) and safest fracturing pump rate (SFPR)—are improved and then integrated into the strategy. The PFI reveals the mismatch between injected proppant and hydraulic fractures and provides a continuous time-historical risk assessment of screenout. A pretrained ensemble learning model is applied to process the geological and hydraulic measurements in real time for the PFI evolution curve during fracturing operations. Integrated with the SFPR, a stepwise pump rate regulation strategy is deployed successfully to mitigate sand screenout for field applications. Four field trials are elaborated, which are representative cases exhibiting the data-driven approach to monitor and manage sand screenout during hydraulic fracturing.
Sorbent selection for the recovery of gallium and indium from aqueous solutions: a sustainable approach to the recovery of strategic metals from LED lamps
Authors: Sáez Patricia , Diez Eduardo , Gómez José María , López Carmen , Conte Naby , Lobete Mercedes , Rodríguez Araceli
Published: April 2024

Gallium and indium, metals present in LED lighting technology, were removed from aqueous solutions by sorption. Carbonaceous materials, such as activated carbon, beer bagasse, spent coffee grounds or peanut sells, and a low-cost zeolite as chabazite, were used. Chabazite protonated, under mild conditions, showed high sorption capacities for gallium (56 mg/g) and indium (92 mg/g), 10 to 30 times higher than carbonaceous materials. Sorption experiments with both metals in solution showed a competitive effect between gallium and indium for the sorption sites of the chabazite, showing more affinity towards gallium than indium. Ga3 + sorbed/In3 + sorbed molar ratio above 2 was achieved for the same initial concentration of both metals, increasing to almost 3 when the initial gallium concentration increased. However, the sorption capacity for both metals was always around 0.35 mmol Ga + In/g. The selectivity of the chabazite was conditioned by different behavior of both metals in aqueous solution at the sorption pH being the predominant species in solution Ga(OH)2+ for gallium and In3+ for indium. Sorption with protonated chabazite can be used in the treatment of spent light emitting diodes (LEDs) leachate for the dual purpose of water purification and selective metal separation.
Glomerulonephritis during Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection: Scoping Review
Authors: Forster Adam , Sabur Natasha , Iqbal Ali , Vaughan Stephen , Thomson Benjamin
Published: April 2024

Introduction
People with Tuberculosis (TB) infection may present with glomerulonephritis (GN). The range of presentations, renal pathologies, and clinical outcomes are uncertain. Whether clinical features that establish if GN etiology is medication or TB related, and possible benefits of immunosuppression remain uncertain.
Methods
A scoping review was completed, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Conference Abstracts from Inception to December, 2023. The study population included patients with TB infection who developed GN and underwent renal biopsy. All data regarding presentation, patient characteristics, renal pathology, management of TB and GN, and outcomes were summarized.
Results
There were 62 studies identified, with 130 patients. These cases included a spectrum of presentations including acute kidney injury, nephrotic syndrome and hypertension, and a range of 10 different renal pathology diagnoses. Cases that included immunosuppression and outcomes ranged from complete remission to long-term dialysis dependence. The presence of granulomas (4/4, 100%), anti-GBM disease (3/3, 100%), amyloidosis (75/76, 98.7%), and FSGS (2/2, 100%) were specific for GN being TB-infection related. On the other hand, minimal change disease was specific for anti-TB therapy related (7/7, 100%). While patients with more aggressive forms of GN commonly were prescribed immunosuppression, this study was unable to confirm efficacy. Only rifampin or isoniazid were implicated in drug-associated GN.
Discussion
This study provides a clear rationale for renal biopsy in patients with TB and GN, and outlines predictors for the GN etiology. Thus, this study establishes key criteria to optimize diagnosis and management of patients with TB and GN.
Research on carbon black and Cerium co-doped Ti4O7-CB-Ce electrocatalytic oxidation of tetracycline-based antibiotics.
Authors: Chen Junxia , He Xinyi , Lei Chongtian , Li Weigang , Yang Zhenzhen , Zhou Qing
Published: April 2024

Elemental doping is a promising way for enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of metal oxides. Herein, we fabricate Ti/ Ti4O7-CB-Ce anode materials by the modification means of carbon black and Cerium co-doped Ti4O7, and this shift effectively improve the interfacial charge transfer rate of Ti4O7 and •OH yield in the electrocatalytic process. Remarkably, the Ti4O7-CB-Ce anode exhibits excellent efficiency of minocycline (MNC) wastewater treatment (100 % removal within 20 minutes) and the removal rate reduces from 100 % to 98.5 % after 5 cycles, which is comparable to BDD electrode. •OH and 1O2 are identified as the active species in the reaction. Meanwhile, it’s discovered that Ti/ Ti4O7-CB-Ce anodes can effectively improve the biochemical properties of the non-biodegradable pharmaceutical wastewater (B/C values from 0.25 to 0.44) and significantly reduce the toxicity of the wastewater (luminescent bacteria inhibition rate from 100 % to 26.6 %). This work paves an effective strategy for designing superior metal oxides electrocatalysts.
Construction of gas-bearing characteristics model based on KPCA-SVR for southern Sichuan shale gas
Authors: Zhongyuan Liu , Diquan Li , Jing Jia , Zhongle Wang , Xuesong Xie , Yunqi Zhu
Published: April 2024

The gas content characteristics in shale gas reservoirs, encompassing both the volume and dispersion of gas, are vital in augmenting the efficiency of extraction and resource utilization of shale gas. The correlation between gas content (Vg) and well logging parameters, for instance, porosity (POR), density (DEN), natural gamma (GR), along with geochemical parameters such as total organic carbon content (TOC), potassium-uranium-thorium ratio (U), organic matter maturity (Ro), and high-precision resistivity (ρ), continues to be ambiguous. Moreover, a gas content characteristic model apt for the southern Sichuan region is still in the process of being developed. As a result, this research introduces a method, grounded on Kernel Principal Component (KPCA) and Support Vector Regression (SVR), for the quantitative prediction of Vg. Initially, we performed a cross-analysis of diverse parameters to pinpoint the sensitive parameters for Vg, and the investigation revealed that POR, TOC, U, ρ, PERM, DEN are sensitive parameters for Vg. Subsequently, we utilized these sensitive parameters to formulate a shale gas content characteristic model based on KPCA-SVR. Ultimately, we implemented this method in the shale gas field in the Changning area of southern Sichuan, and by juxtaposing the predicted values and actual values of three verification wells, we discerned that the discrepancy between the two was minimal, validating the applicability of this model. The principal contribution of this research lies in the successful development of a high-precision model, employing machine learning methods, for the quantitative prediction of shale gas content.
Activated type 17 helper T cells affect tofacitinib treatment outcomes
Authors: Ito Yuki , Okamoto Norihiro , Watanabe Daisuke , Kanzawa Maki , Kohashi Michitaka , Miyazaki Haruka , Tokunaga Eri , Ku Yuna , Ooi Makoto , Hoshi Namiko , Kodama Yuzo
Published: April 2024

Background: The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is on the rise also in Japan. Simultaneously, therapeutic options, including biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, have significantly expanded over the past decade. Although tofacitinib (TOF), one of JAK inhibitors, is a viable option for patients with moderate to severe UC, there is insufficient data to predict responsiveness of TOF treatment.
Aim: The present study aimed to determine whether the infiltration of IL-17A-positive mononuclear cells into the colonic mucosa can predict responsiveness to TOF treatment.
Methods: Patients with UC who underwent TOF treatment were divided into responder and failure groups. Subsequently, we conducted a comparative analysis to identify differences in the infiltration of IL-17A-positive cells into the colonic mucosa through immunohistochemical examination of colon biopsy samples.
Results: The proportion of IL-17A positive mononuclear cells in colon biopsy samples was significantly higher in the failure group than among responders (38.2% vs. 21.2%). Consistent with this finding, our re-analysis of RNA sequence datasets available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database suggested that TOF exerts a more pronounced influence on Th1 cells compared with IL-17-producing Th17 cells.
Conclusion: In summary, an abundance of IL-17A-positive mononuclear cells in the colonic mucosa has the potential to predict the responsiveness to TOF treatment.
Intelligent prognostic prediction in patients with hepatoblastoma: a population-based retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Zhuangjie , Qiu Ronglin , Zhang Di , Su Jianhang , Chen Luping , Liao Minyi , Jin Shikai , Xiong Xiangang , Lu Zijie , Peng Junli , Yang Yi , Deng Xiaogeng , Wu Yaohao
Published: April 2024

The study meticulously analyzes pertinent risk variables influencing Hepatoblastoma (HB) prognosis, utilizing data from both the SEER database and a singule-center.Encompassing HB patients from 2000 to 2019 within the SEER database, we partitioned the cohort into modeling and internal validation groups. Following rigorous univariate and multivariate analyses of the SEER group, encompassing risk factors with P < 0.05 and incorporating findings from extant literature, a prognostic risk model was erected and subsequently validated. we pursued a follow-up of HB patients initially diagnosed in Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2002 to August 2022, serving as an external validation group, and proceeded to authenticate the predictive utility, discriminatory prowess, calibration integrity, and clinical utility of the Nomogram through indices such as C-index, ROC curve, calibration curve, and DCA curve. The external validation ascertained the model's aptitude for broad clinical applicability, culminating in the development of an interactive, web-based Dynamic Nomogram. Within both the SEER database and the external validation group, 835 and 61 patients, respectively, satisfied the inclusion-exclusion criteria for study inclusion. In the SEER group, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for HB patients were 86.3%, 80.6%, and 78.0%, respectively, with 671 cases serving as the modeling group and 164 as the internal validation group. In the external validation group, the corresponding rates were 78.60%, 75.00%, and 68.50%. Univariate and multifactorial analyses revealed Age, Stage, Chemotherapy, Surgery, and Lung Metastasis as independent prognostic factors influencing overall survival rate in HB. The C-indexes for the modeling group, internal validation group, and external validation group were 0.796, 0.873, and 0.887, respectively. Calibration curves evinced high concordance, while decision analysis curves underscored the pronounced clinical utility of the presented Nomogram.The study to create a Nomogram for predicting the prognosis of patients with HB was validated to have excellent predictive performance, differentiation, calibration, and clinical benefit to help clinicians in decision making.
Incorporating health literacy principles into the adaptation of a methods motivational interviewing approach: enrolling Black adults in a pilot behavioral trial
Authors: Shiyanbola Olayinka O , Wen Meng-Jung , Maurer Martha A.
Published: April 2024

Suboptimal enrollment and retention efforts can compromise the quality of clinical trials. Barriers to enrolling marginalized populations include low awareness/education about clinical trials. Methods-Motivational Interviewing (MMI) is a patient-centered process that integrates education in providing trial information and engages participants in discussions about the trial before enrollment. Though the MMI approach is effective in enhancing trial recruitment and retention, limited studies have incorporated evidence-based health literacy approaches. In this study, prior to the informed consent process, Black adults completed an interactive orientation followed by a small group discussion. The content used health literacy principles including plain language, infographics, and a pictorial roadmap to guide participants about the purpose of a trial, the randomization process, the study objectives, and timeline. Thereafter, two focus groups explored participants’ perceptions of the enrollment process. Fifteen participants attended the orientation with 14 enrolled in the trial after the orientation, (93% enrollment rate). Retention was 93% (control) to 100% (intervention) at the end of 6 months. Participants reported positive orientation experiences due to a better understanding of the study information, expectations, and rationale behind randomization. Implementing an adapted MMI approach focused on health literacy principles may improve trial enrollment and retention rates among Black adults.
Bullying Behaviors and Stress (Acute and Perceived) Among Undergraduate Nursing and Midwifery Students: A Cross-Sectional Correlation Study
Authors: Almarwani Abdulaziz Mofdy , Alenezi Atallah , Almutairi Mohammed , Alhowaymel Fahad , Alzahrani Naif S. , Alharbi Hanan F. , Abaoud Abdulaziz Fahad
Published: April 2024

Background.Nursing education is facing ongoing challenges, including the departure of newly graduated nurses and a rise in nursing shortages. Nursing and midwifery professionals’ well-being may be affected by various factors, one of which is the bullying of new nurses.Aim. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between bullying behaviors, perceived stress, and acute stress among undergraduate nursing and midwifery students in Saudi Arabia, as well as the moderating role of gender and academic major in this relationship.Method. A cross-sectional correlation design was used, and data were collected from 322 undergraduate nursing and midwifery students enrolled in four major nursing universities in Saudi Arabia. Structural equation modeling using SPSS AMOS version 27 was employed to analyze the results.Results. Educational level, environment, and personal attacks had a significant negative impact on perceived and acute stress (social and non-social), while the other factors, i.e., hostility toward academic achievement and direct negative behaviors, had a significant positive impact on perceived and acute stress (social and non-social). Female nursing students reported a stronger impact of bullying behavior on their perceived stress, while male students reported a greater impact on social and non-social stress. Nursing students reported a stronger impact of bullying on perceived stress, while midwifery students reported a greater impact on social and non-social stress.Discussion.Based on the findings of the study, we recommend taking drastic measures to reduce bullying behaviors among undergraduate nursing students and thereby reduce these students perceived and acute stress. Nursing educators should raise awareness about the harmful effects of bullying and emphasize the importance of creating a safe, supportive learning environment.
On computing the number of distinct values occurring in generalized Dirichlet process samples
Authors: Akell Hassan , Sajadi Farkhondeh-Alsadat , Kazemi Iraj
Published: April 2024

This paper studies the generalized Dirichlet process ( \(\mathcal{GDP}\) ) with its main properties, including moments of random weights and tail moments. We present the truncated \(\mathcal{GDP}\ as a finite mixture distribution and assess the error bounds caused by the truncation. This tactic provides more practicable stick-breaking priors in nonparametric Bayesian settings and facilitates computation. We obtain the joint density of random weights, show that the number of distinct values varies on raising the $\mathcal{GDP}$ samples, and present the impact of the precision parameter on this number. We also show that our results coincide with the Dirichlet process \((\mathcal{DP})\) .
MSC Classification: 62E15 , 60C05 , 97K60
Investigating the seasonality of infectious keratitis by pathogen: A retrospective study
Authors: Yamada Naoyuki , Iwamoto Nanako , Sakuma Ayano , Sunada Junki , Aoki Ren , Higashijima Fumiaki , Yoshimoto Takuya , Nagai Tomohiko , Morita Yukiko , Kimura Kazuhiro
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the seasonal trends in infectious keratitis by assessing the month of onset and causative microorganisms. Five hundred consecutive cases of infectious keratitis that were diagnosed and treated by a corneal specialist at the Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Hospital between January 2009 and January 2021 in whom micro-organisms could be identified formed the study population. The month of onset of infectious keratitis was retrospectively examined based on the medical records. The causative microorganisms were bacteria in 249 eyes, fungi in 51 eyes, Acanthamoeba in 27 eyes, and viruses in 173 eyes. The top 10 causative microorganisms accounted for 402 of 500 eyes (80.4% of the total). The incidence of infectious keratitis was highest from January to March and lowest in June. The total number of bacterial-induced infections was high between October and March. Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly caused infectious keratitis from August to September. Acanthamoeba-induced infection was common in summer from June to August. HSV infections were common between January and May. A seasonal trend was observed in the occurrence of infectious keratitis by examining the months of onset. We contemplate that these results will assist ophthalmologists in diagnosing infectious keratitis.