bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Absent but Implicit: A Map to Support Therapeutic Enquiry
Authors: CAREY MAGGIE , WALTHER SARAH , RUSSELL SHONA
Published: August 2009

This paper describes recent developments in the use of the “absent but implicit” in narrative therapy. Michael White used the term “absent but implicit” to convey the understanding that in the expression of any experience of life, there is a discernment we make between the expressed experience and other experiences that have already been given meaning and provide a contrasting backdrop, which “shapes” the expression being foregrounded. In therapeutic conversations, we can use the concept of the “absent but implicit” to enquire into the stories of self that lie beyond the problem story. We review as a foundation for appreciating this particular practice the ways in which narrative therapy supports an exploration of the accounts of life that lie “outside of” the problem story. We follow this by a more specific description of how the concept and practice of the “absent but implicit” offer further possibilities for bringing forward these often neglected territories of life. This description includes the presentation of an “absent but implicit” map of narrative practice, which reflects the authors' shared understandings of Michael White's most recent explorations and teachings.
Phylogenetic Analyses Based on Small Subunit rRNA and Glycosomal Glyceraldehyde‐3‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes and Ultrastructural Characterization of Two Snake Trypanosomes: Trypanosoma serpentis n. sp. from Pseudoboa nigra and Trypanosoma cascavelli from Crotalus durissus terrificus
Authors: VIOLA LAERTE B. , ATTIAS MÁRCIA , TAKATA CARMEN S. A. , CAMPANER MARTA , DE SOUZA WANDERLEY , CAMARGO ERNEY P. , TEIXEIRA MARTA M. G.
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT. We sequenced the small subunit (SSU) rRNA and glycosomal glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) genes of two trypanosomes isolated from the Brazilian snakes Pseudoboa nigra and Crotalus durissus terrificus. Trypanosomes were cultured and their morphometrical and ultrastructural features were characterized by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Phylogenetic trees inferred using independent or combined SSU rRNA and gGAPDH data sets always clustered the snake trypanosomes together in a clade closest to lizard trypanosomes, forming a strongly supported monophyletic assemblage (i.e. lizard–snake clade). The positioning in the phylogenetic trees and the barcoding based on the variable V7–V8 region of the SSU rRNA, which showed high sequence divergences, allowed us to classify the isolates from distinct snake species as separate species. The isolate from P. nigra is described as a new species, Trypanosoma serpentis n. sp., whereas the isolate from C. d. terrificus is redescribed here as Trypanosoma cascavelli.
Focal localization of MukBEF condensin on the chromosome requires the flexible linker region of MukF
Authors: Shin Ho‐Chul , Lim Jae‐Hong , Woo Jae‐Sung , Oh Byung‐Ha
Published: August 2009

Condensin complexes are the key mediators of chromosome condensation. The MukB–MukE–MukF complex is a bacterial condensin, in which the MukB subunit forms a V‐shaped dimeric structure with two ATPase head domains. MukE and MukF together form a tight complex, which binds to the MukB head via the C‐terminal winged‐helix domain (C‐WHD) of MukF. One of the two bound C‐WHDs of MukF is forced to detach from two ATP‐bound, engaged MukB heads, and this detachment reaction depends on the MukF flexible linker preceding the C‐WHD. Whereas MukB is known to focally localize at particular positions in cells by an unknown mechanism, mukE‐ or mukF‐null mutation causes MukB to become dispersed in cells. Here, we report that mutations in MukF causing a defect in the detachment reaction interfere with the focal localization of MukB, and that the dispersed distribution of MukB in cells correlates directly with defects in cell growth and division. The data strongly suggest that the MukB–MukE–MukF condensin forms huge clusters through the ATP‐dependent detachment reaction, and this cluster formation is critical for chromosome condensation by this machinery. We also show that the MukF flexible linker is involved in the dimerization and ATPase activity of the MukB head.

Structured digital abstract

MINT‐7216106: mukBhd (uniprotkb:P22523), mukF (uniprotkb:P60293) and mukE (uniprotkb:P22524) physically interact (MI:0915) by blue native page (MI:0276)
Recombinant expression of an insulin‐like peptide 3 (INSL3) precursor and its enzymatic conversion to mature human INSL3
Authors: Luo Xiao , Bathgate Ross A. D. , Liu Ya‐Li , Shao Xiao‐Xia , Wade John D. , Guo Zhan‐Yun
Published: August 2009

Insulin‐like peptide 3 (INSL3), which is primarily expressed in the Leydig cells of the testes, is a member of the insulin superfamily of peptide hormones. One of its primary functions is to initiate and mediate descent of the testes of the male fetus via interaction with its G protein‐coupled receptor, RXFP2. Study of the peptide has relied upon chemical synthesis of the separate A‐ and B‐chains and subsequent chain recombination. To establish an alternative approach to the preparation of human INSL3, we designed and recombinantly expressed a single‐chain INSL3 precursor in Escherichia coli cells. The precursor was solubilized from the inclusion body, purified almost to homogeneity by immobilized metal‐ion affinity chromatography and refolded efficiently in vitro. The refolded precursor was subsequently converted to mature human INSL3 by sequential endoproteinase Lys‐C and carboxypeptidase B treatment. CD spectroscopic analysis and peptide mapping showed that the refolded INSL3 possessed an insulin‐like fold with the expected disulfide linkages. Recombinant human INSL3 demonstrated full activity in stimulating cAMP activity in RXFP2‐expressing cells. Interestingly, the activity of the single‐chain precursor was comparable with that of the mature two‐chain INSL3, suggesting that the receptor‐binding region within the mid‐ to C‐terminal of B‐chain is maintained in an active conformation in the precursor. This study not only provides an efficient approach for mature INSL3 preparation, but also resulted in the acquisition of a useful single‐chain template for additional structural and functional studies of the peptide.
Sleep and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Heart Failure
Authors: Mills Paul J. , Dimsdale Joel E. , Natarajan Loki , Ziegler Michael G. , Maisel Alan , Greenberg Barry H.
Published: August 2009

This study characterized sleep in heart failure (HF) and determined associations with quality of life. Forty stable HF patients and 34 healthy volunteers were studied in a clinical research unit. HF patients had more central apneas per hour (17.6 vs 5.4; P≤.01) and obstructive apneas per hour (21.7 vs 8.5; P≤.05), spent more time in stage 1 sleep (54 vs 35 min; P≤.05), and had more respiratory awakenings following apneic events (27.2 vs 4.2; P≤.01). More HF patients were depressed (55% vs 27.2%; P≤.01) and had worse fatigue (P≤.05). In multiple regression analysis, physical functioning quality of life was predicted by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (P≤.05), shorter distance on a 6‐minute walk test (P≤.05), greater fatigue (P≤.01), and more apneas (  P≤.05) (model R2=.672; P≤.001). Emotional functioning quality of life was predicted by greater fatigue (P≤.01) (model adjusted R2=.732; P<.001). Findings provide evidence that in addition to functional status and ongoing fatigue, poorer quality of life in HF is independently related to the severity of sleep‐disordered breathing.
William Law and The Fable of the Bees
Authors: STARKIE ANDREW
Published: August 2009

Bernard Mandeville's Fable of the Bees (1723), an influential work of moral and economic theory, was decried as a libertine publication. The response of William Law to Mandeville, Remarks on the Fable of the Bees (1724), attacked the work on both the rational and the rhetorical level. Despite his reputation as a pious High‐Churchman, Law was as adept as his opponent at employing the fashionable rhetoric of wit and irony. He appealed to Newtonian and Lockean ideas, and made alliance with Low‐Church and Whig moralists in articulating a realist moral philosophy in opposition to Mandeville's libertinism.
Mary Toft, Religion and National Memory in Eighteenth‐Century England
Authors: SHAW JANE
Published: August 2009

In 1726 Mary Toft claimed that she had given birth to rabbits, an event that led to much medical examination and a good deal of satire but surprisingly little religious commentary, apart from William Whiston's interpretation that she was a portent of the apocalypse. And yet Toft was repeatedly remembered and re‐invoked throughout the century – along with several other miraculous, supernatural or wondrous events – in relation to broader public discussions about the boundaries between the natural and supernatural, between reason and revelation, with the result that each new ‘remembering’ paradoxically reiterated that those boundaries could not be definitively settled.
‘Friend of my Soul’: Constructing Spiritual Friendship in the Autobiography of Mary Fletcher
Authors: CRUICKSHANK JOANNA
Published: August 2009

Mary Bosanquet Fletcher (1739‐1815) was a leading early English Methodist, active throughout her adult life as a preacher, author, spiritual director and head of a large household. She was also part of a largely unexamined network of intense and intimate friendships between Methodist women across England. This article analyses the ways in which Fletcher represented friendship in her autobiography, a text that was widely published and read throughout the nineteenth century. Fletcher's autobiography shows how religious conviction could shape a distinctive construction of female friendship, at a time when such friendships had growing social and cultural significance.
Panic Disorder, Panic Attacks and Panic Attack Symptoms across Race‐Ethnic Groups: Results of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Studies
Authors: Asnaani Anu , Gutner Cassidy A. , Hinton Devon E. , Hofmann Stefan G.
Published: August 2009

The current study investigates race‐ethnic differences in rates of panic disorder, panic attacks and certain panic attack symptoms by jointly combining three major national epidemiological databases. The compared groups were White, African American, Latino and Asian. The White group had significantly higher rates of panic disorder, and of many panic symptoms, including palpitations, as compared to the African American, Asian and Latino groups. Several expected race‐ethnic differences were not found. An explanation for these findings are adduced, and suggestions are given for future studies so that possible ethnic‐racial differences in panic disorder, panic attacks and panic attack symptoms can be investigated in a more rigorous manner.
Biological Variations in Depression and Anxiety Between East and West
Authors: Chen Po‐Yu , Wang Sheng‐Chang , Poland Russell E. , Lin Keh‐Ming
Published: August 2009

Ethnicity and culture represent important factors in shaping psychopathology as well as pharmacotherapeutic responses in psychiatric patients. A large body of literature, accumulated over the past several decades, demonstrates that these factors not only determine the metabolism and disposition of medications (pharmacokinetics), but also their interactions with therapeutic targets (pharmacodynamics). This article focuses on the impact of such variations on the diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety disorders between East and West. Genes controlling the expression of drug metabolizing enzymes as well as the function of the brain are highly polymorphic, and the patterns and distribution of these polymorphisms are typically divergent across ethnic groups. To the extent that these genetic patterns determine drug response, ethnic variations in these genetic dispositions will lead to differential responses in clinical settings. In addition, the expression of these genes is significantly influenced by environmental factors including diet as well as exposure to other natural products. Superimposed on these biological influences, culturally determined beliefs and behavioral patterns also profoundly influence patients’ expectations of treatment response, adherence, and interactions with clinicians. In addition to pharmacotherapeutic responses, emerging data also indicate that significant ethnic variations exist in genetic polymorphisms and neurobiologic correlates (biomarkers) that may be associated with the vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. These considerations argue for the importance of examining biological variations across ethnic groups, especially in the clinical context, in terms of the assessment and treatment of psychiatric patients, and in our understanding of psychiatric phenomenology and nosology.
Comparison of semiquantitative test strips, urine protein electrophoresis, and an immunoturbidimetric assay for measuring microalbuminuria in dogs
Authors: Murgier Philippe , Jakins Amanda , Bexfield Nicholas , Archer Joy
Published: August 2009

Background:The presence of albumin in urine, even in small amounts, is always abnormal and usually reflects kidney dysfunction. Different techniques are commercially available for the measurement of microalbuminuria in dogs.

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of semiquantitative test strips, urine protein electrophoresis, and a validated immunoturbidimetric assay in the measurement of microalbuminuria in dogs.

Methods:Urine samples were collected from 307 dogs presented to The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, for a variety of clinical conditions. Urine was collected by midstream free catch (193/307, 63%), cystocentesis (89/307, 29%), or catheterization (25/307, 8%). Routine urinalysis was performed on all samples. Albumin was measured by using semiquantitative test strips, by agarose gel electrophoresis, and by an automated immunoturbidimetric assay designed for human samples (considered as the gold standard). The latter was validated using a purified canine albumin standard.

Results:The immunoturbidimetric assay had within‐assay and between‐assay coefficients of variation (CV) of 1.3% and 5.0%, respectively, overall recovery of 97.1%, and high linearity (r=.985). Of the samples with measurable albumin (>1.4 mg/L) by the immunoturbidimetric assay, 57/195 (29%) were negative for albumin using the semiquantitative test strips and 138/195 (71%) were positive. Urine protein electrophoresis (UPE) and immunoturbidimetric results had a concordance CV of 86%.

Conclusions:UPE and semiquantitative test strips are less accurate than the automated immunoturbidimetric method for the measurement of albumin in canine urine.
Glucose Deprivation Contributes to the Development of
KRAS
Pathway Mutations in Tumor Cells
Authors: Yun Jihye , Rago Carlo , Cheong Ian , Pagliarini Ray , Angenendt Philipp , Rajagopalan Harith , Schmidt Kerstin , Willson James K. V. , Markowitz Sandy , Zhou Shibin , Diaz Luis A. , Velculescu Victor E. , Lengauer Christoph , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Vogelstein Bert , Papadopoulos Nickolas
Published: August 2009

Desperately Seeking Glucose

Mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes allow cancer cells to outgrow their neighboring healthy cells. What microenvironmental conditions provide a selective growth advantage to these cells?

Yun
et al.

(p.
1555
, published online 6 August) identify low glucose availability as a microenvironmental factor driving the acquisition of
KRAS
oncogenic mutations that allow cancer cells to survive and grow. In genetically matched colorectal cancer cells that differed only in the mutational status of the
KRAS
oncogene, mutant cells selectively overexpressed glucose transporter-1 and exhibited enhanced glucose uptake and glycolysis. When cells with wild-type
KRAS
were placed in a low-glucose environment, very few cells survived but most of the survivors expressed high levels of glucose transporter-1, and a small percentage of the survivors had acquired new
KRAS
mutations. Thus, glucose deprivation may help to drive the acquisition of cell growth–promoting oncogenic mutations during tumor development.
Cellular Basis of Itch Sensation
Authors: Sun Yan-Gang , Zhao Zhong-Qiu , Meng Xiu-Li , Yin Jun , Liu Xian-Yu , Chen Zhou-Feng
Published: August 2009

A Separate System for Itch Processing

It has been a long-standing question if itch is a subquality of pain involving the same neuronal elements or if distinct, so-called labeled lines exist in the nervous system for both sensations. To address this question directly,

Sun
et al.

(p.
1531
, published online 6 August) destroyed neurons in the superficial spinal dorsal horn that express the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. This receptor is known to be involved in mediating itch but not pain sensations. In various animal models, ablation of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-expressing spinal dorsal horn neurons reduced itch without changing pain perception. Thus, itch and pain indeed appear to be mediated by distinct labeled lines in the central nervous system.
Poly(ADP-ribose)–Dependent Regulation of DNA Repair by the Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme ALC1
Authors: Ahel Dragana , Hořejší Zuzana , Wiechens Nicola , Polo Sophie E. , Garcia-Wilson Elisa , Ahel Ivan , Flynn Helen , Skehel Mark , West Stephen C. , Jackson Stephen P. , Owen-Hughes Tom , Boulton Simon J.
Published: August 2009

Damage, Signal, Maneuver

Cellular processes, such as transcription and DNA repair, require modification and manipulation of chromosomally associated proteins by a diverse set of chromatin remodeling complexes. The mechanisms by which cells regulate chromatin remodeling are not completely understood. During the response elicited by DNA damage, the addition of poly(ADP-ribose) to chromatin is associated with chromatin decondensation, which is thought to promote efficient DNA repair.

Ahel
et al.

(p.
1240
, published online 30 July 2009) have identified a chromatin remodeling enzyme as a DNA damage-response protein, which binds poly(ADP-ribose).
THE STATUS OF THE CMS EXPERIMENT
Authors: GREEN DAN
Published: August 2009

The CMS experiment was completely assembled in the fall of 2008 after a decade of design, construction and installation. During the last two years, cosmic ray data were taken on a regular basis. These data have enabled CMS to align the detector components, both spatially and temporally. Initial use of muons has also established the relative alignment of the CMS tracking and muon systems. In addition, the CMS calorimetry has been crosschecked with test beam data, thus providing an initial energy calibration of CMS calorimetry to about 5%. The CMS magnet has been powered and field mapped. The trigger and data acquisition systems have been installed and run at full speed. The tiered data analysis system has been exercised at full design bandwidth for Tier0, Tier1 and Tier2 sites. Monte Carlo simulation of the CMS detector has been constructed at a detailed geometric level and has been tuned to test beam and other production data to provide a realistic model of the CMS detector prior to first collisions.
THE ELUSIVE ν MASS SINCE 1933
Authors: CHANG NGEE-PONG
Published: August 2009

We review briefly the history of the νe mass since 1933, and point out how the KATRIN experiment can resolve the mystery of the tachyonic mass indicated by the Mainz-Trotsky experiments.
SPACE-TIME VARIATION OF COUPLING CONSTANTS AND FUNDAMENTAL MASSES
Authors: FLAMBAUM V. V. , BERENGUT J. C.
Published: August 2009

We review recent works discussing the effects of variation of fundamental "constants" on a variety of physical systems. These are motivated by theories unifying gravity with other interactions that suggest the possibility of temporal and spatial variation of the fundamental constants in an expanding Universe. The effects of any potential variation of the fine-structure constant and fundamental masses could be seen in phenomena covering the lifespan of the Universe, from Big Bang nucleosynthesis to quasar absorption spectra to modern atomic clocks. We review recent attempts to find such variations and discuss some of the most promising new systems where huge enhancements of the effects may occur.
A WEYL DESCRIPTION OF GRAVITY INTERACTIONS
Authors: SOO CHOPIN , CHANG LAY NAM
Published: August 2009

We compare the conventional description of the interaction of matter with the four known forces in the standard model with an alternative Weyl description in which the chiral coupling is extended to include gravity. The two are indistinguishable at the low energy classical level of equations of motion, but there are subtle differences at the quantum level when nonvanishing torsion and the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly are taken into account. The spin current and energy-momentum of the chiral theory then contain non-Hermitian terms which are not present in the conventional theory. In the chiral alternative, CPT invariance is not automatic because chirality supersedes Hermiticity but full Lorentz invariance holds. New fermion loop processes associated with the theory are discussed together with a perturbative regularization which explicitly maintains the chiral nature and local symmetries of the theory.
HOLOGRAPHY, GAUGE-GRAVITY CONNECTION AND BLACK HOLE ENTROPY
Authors: MAJUMDAR PARTHASARATHI
Published: August 2009

The issues of holography and possible links with gauge theories in spacetime physics is discussed, in an approach quite distinct from the more restricted AdS-CFT correspondence. A particular notion of holography in the context of black hole thermodynamics is derived (rather than conjectured) from rather elementary considerations, which also leads to a criterion of thermal stability of radiant black holes, without resorting to specific classical metrics. For black holes that obey this criterion, the canonical entropy is expressed in terms of the microcanonical entropy of an Isolated Horizon which is essentially a local generalization of the very global event horizon and is a null inner boundary of spacetime, with marginal outer trapping. It is argued why degrees of freedom on this horizon must be described by a topological gauge theory. Quantizing this boundary theory leads to the microcanonical entropy of the horizon expressed in terms of an infinite series asymptotic in the cross-sectional area, with the leading 'area-law' term followed by finite, unambiguously calculable corrections arising from quantum spacetime fluctuations.
NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS: DISCOVERY, CURRENT STATUS, FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: KAJITA TAKAAKI
Published: August 2009

Neutrino oscillation was discovered about 10 years ago. Since then, the knowledge on neutrino masses and mixing angles have been improving substantially. This article describes neutrino oscillation experiments; the discovery, the present status and the future prospect.
IMPLICATIONS OF PRECISION MEASUREMENTS ON TEXTURE SPECIFIC FERMION MASS MATRICES
Authors: GUPTA MANMOHAN , AHUJA GULSHEEN , VERMA ROHIT
Published: August 2009

Implications of texture specific mass matrices have been investigated for both quarks and neutrinos. Interestingly, for the case of quarks Fritzsch-like texture 4 zero mass matrices have been found to be compatible with the present precisely known sin 2β as well as other precise CKM matrix elements. In the case of leptonic mass matrices, for both Majorana and Dirac neutrinos we find that for texture 4, 5, 6 zero mass matrices the inverted hierarchy and degenerate scenarios of neutrino masses are ruled out by the present data.
NEUTRINO MASS MATRIX RELATED TO UP-QUARK MASSES AND NEARLY TRIBIMAXIMAL MIXING — BASED ON A YUKAWAON MODEL
Authors: KOIDE YOSHIO
Published: August 2009

Based on a new approach (the so-called Yukawaon model) to the mass spectra and mixings, a neutrino mass matrix which is described in terms of the up-quark masses and CKM matrix parameters is proposed. The mass matrix successfully leads to a nearly tribimaximal mixing without assuming any discrete symmetry.
COSMOLOGICAL PROMISING PARAMETERS OF STAU IN THE MINIMAL SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL
Authors: JITTOH TOSHIFUMI , KOHRI KAZUNORI , KOIKE MASAFUMI , SATO JOE , SHIMOMURA TAKASHI , YAMANAKA MASATO
Published: August 2009

We find that we can account for the possible descrepancy of the primordial abundance of 7 Li between the observation and the prediction of the Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis in a scenario of the Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis with the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. This scenario is consistent with a stau-neutralino coannihilation scenario to explain the relic abundance of dark matter. The solution to the discrepancy is given by taking the values of parameters; the mass of the neutralino as 300 GeV and the mass difference between the stau and the neutralino as (100 – 120) MeV.
PHENOMENOLOGY OF UNPARTICLE PHYSICS
Authors: CHEUNG KINGMAN , KEUNG WAI-YEE , YUAN TZU-CHIANG
Published: August 2009

Phenomenology of unparticle physics at linear as well as hadron colliders was briefly reviewed in this talk, including real emissions and virtual exchanges of unparticle. Existing constraints from collider as well as astrophysics experiments were briefly discussed.
ENERGY AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM IN STRONG GRAVITATING SYSTEMS
Authors: TUNG ROH-SUAN
Published: August 2009

A quasilocal framework of stationary and dynamical untrapped hypersurfaces is introduced to generalize the notions of energy and angular momentum of isolated and dynamical trapping horizons to general strong gravitating systems.
CHOU-YANG MULTIPLICITY CORRELATIONS IN HIGH ENERGY MULTIPARTICLE PRODUCTION AND LHC PREDICTION
Authors: LAI W. C. , CHAN A. H. , OH C. H.
Published: August 2009

A Chou-Yang Type multiplicity distribution which consists of a stochastic (binomial) component for z = nf - nb and a nonstochastic (Generalized Multiplicity Distribution) component for n = nf + nb, is used to analyze the forward-backward multipicity distributions for hadron hadron collision over a wide range of cms energy. The results are compared with the multiplicity distribution using the Negative Binomial Distribution. Finally, cluster size r = 3.30±0.14 and the correlation parameter b = 0.98 are predicted for 14 TeV.
BLACK HOLES, ENTROPY BOUND AND CAUSALITY VIOLATION
Authors: NEUPANE I. P.
Published: August 2009

The gauge theory - gravity duality has provided us a way of studying QCD at high energies or short distances from straightforward calculations in classical general relativity. Among numerous results obtained so far, one of the most striking is the universality of the ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy density. For all gauge theories with Einstein gravity dual this ratio has been found to be η/s = 1/4π. In this note, we consider higher curvature-corrected black hole solutions for which η/s can be smaller than 1/4π, thus violating the conjecture bound. Here we shall argue that the Gauss-Bonnet gravity and (Riemann)2 gravity theories, in particular, provide concrete examples in which inconsistency of a theory, such as a violation of microcausality at short distances, and a classical limit on black hole entropy are correlated.
ON THE NON-TRIVIALITY OF THE λφ4 MODEL
Authors: KUPPAN L. , LIEW V.H. , FOONG S.K.
Published: August 2009

The λφ4 model is conventionally used to explain the origin of mass of elementary particles through the Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB) phenomena. The triviality status of the λφ4 model in 4-dimensional spacetime remains an open question despite attempts by several authors. This study establishes a new approach to determine the triviality status of the λφ4 model based on an unpublished note by Professor Bryce DeWitt. We adopted the DeWitt's Ansatz for the 2-point connected correlation function on the lattice [Formula: see text] where α is a parameter that measures the departure from triviality. Calling α's continuum counterpart as β, then a non-zero value of β signifies non-triviality of the λφ4 model. The 2-point connected correlation function, given in terms of an Euclidean functional integral, is computed numerically via Monte Carlo methods. Our analysis, based on β, is different from the traditional analysis based on the renormalized coupling constant λR. To test the new approach, we performed the simulation in 2 dimensions and obtained results that are consistent with previous findings: 2-dimensional λφ4 model is non-trivial. Finally, for the case in 4 dimensions, our results show that the model is non-trivial.
GAUGE-HIGGS UNIFICATION MODELS WITH COSET SPACE DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION SCHEME
Authors: JITTOH TOSHIFUMI , KOIKE MASAFUMI , NOMURA TAKAAKI , SATO JOE , SHIMOMURA TAKASHI
Published: August 2009

We investigate the gauge-Higgs unification models within the scheme of the coset space dimensional reduction, beginning with two types of set up; fourteen-dimensional gauge theory with simple gauge groups and ten-dimensional gauge theory with direct product gauge groups. We found some phenomenologically acceptable models through an exhaustive search for the candidates of the coset spaces, the gauge group in higher dimension, and fermion representation.
CASIMIR ENERGY OF AdS5 ELECTROMAGNETISM AND COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT PROBLEM
Authors: ICHINOSE S.
Published: August 2009

Casimir energy is calculated for the 5D electromagnetism in the warped geometry. It is compared with the flat case(arXiv:0801.3064). A new regularization, called sphere lattice regularization, is taken. It is based on the minimal area principle and is a direct realization of the geometrical approach to the renormalization group. The properly regularized form of Casimir energy, is expressed in a closed form. We numerically evaluate Λ(4D UV-cutoff), ω(5D bulk curvature, warp parameter) and T(extra space IR parameter) dependence of the Casimir energy. The warp parameter ω suffers from the renormalization effect. We examine the meaning of the weight function and finally reach a new definition of the Casimir energy where the 4D momenta( or coordinates) are quantized with the extra coordinate as the Euclidean time. We comment on the cosmological term at the end.
AB INITIO INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRONIC AND VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES OF ZnS AND ZnSe CRYSTALS BY DIFFERENT XC-FUNCTIONALS
Authors: POPOVA D. M. , MAVRIN B. N. , SOLOV'YOV A. V.
Published: August 2009

Ground state properties of zinc-blende structures ZnS and ZnSe are investigated from first principles using plane wave basis, projector augmented wave method and local orbital-dependent potential, as well as a basis set of Gaussian-type functions with hybrid functionals for the approximation of exchange-correlation energy. The results of DFT calculations with the LDA, LDA+U, GGA, GGA+U, BLYP, B3P86, P3PW, BH-HP, KMLYP and B3LYP approximations are compared. It is shown that the hybrid functional B3LYP provides an accurate quantitative description of the structural, electronic and vibrational properties of ZnS and ZnSe in comparison with experimental data.
ENTROPY GROWTH INDUCED BY A SQUEEZED FIELD WITH A PHASE-DAMPING RESERVOIR
Authors: OBADA A.-S. F. , HESSIAN H. A. , MOHAMED A.-B. A.
Published: August 2009

A system of a two level atom interacting with a multi-photon single mode of electromagnetic field and damped with a phase reservoir is considered. The squeezed coherent state is taken as initial field state. The exact solution of the master equation in the case of a high-Q cavity is found. The effects of phase damping on the temporal evolution of some quantitative entanglement measures between the states of the system are investigated.
SITE- AND BOND-DIFFUSION ON REGULAR LATTICES
Authors: BASNARKOV LASKO , URUMOV VIKTOR
Published: August 2009

We consider two types of motion, one with particle occupying only the sites on a given regular lattice and another when the bonds between neighboring lattice sites are displaced to the positions of the neighboring bonds. We refer to these models as site- and bond-diffusion. The latter is equivalent to site-diffusion on a lattice constructed from the middle points on each bond of the original lattice. The transition probability is assumed equal to all neighboring positions. The diffusion constant is obtained by periodic orbit theory for all Archimedean lattices, as well as some three-dimensional lattices (cubic, diamond, body centered cubic and face centered cubic lattice). Every single step of bond-motion is expressed through two site-motion steps. Analytic results for the diffusion constant for bond-diffusion for square, triangular and Kagomé lattice are also obtained. Kurtosis is calculated for site-diffusion on square and (4, 82)-lattice, to estimate the deviation of the distribution of displacements from the Gaussian. All theoretical results are verified with numerical simulation.
ELASTIC AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OFHf2SnCANDHf2SnN
Authors: ROUMILI A. , MEDKOUR Y. , MAOUCH D.
Published: August 2009

Using plane wave pseudopotential calculations and the generalized gradient approximation, we have studied the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of Hf2SnC and Hf2SnN . Lattice parameters and equilibrium volume are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental values. Electronic properties show a metallic character of both compounds. Bonds are originally made from hybridized Hf d– C p (or N p) states, and Hf d– Sn p states, confirmed by strong coupling between Hf–C (or N), and Hf–Sn bonding from the charge density distribution.
DECREASING OF SPATIAL DIMENSION OF A SERIAL OF DIFFUSED-JUNCTION RECTIFIERS IN A MULTILAYER STRUCTURE IN ACCOUNT WITH NONLINEAR EFFECTS: OPTIMIZATION OF ANNEALING TIME
Authors: PANKRATOV E. L.
Published: August 2009

It has been recently shown, that inhomogeneity of a multilayer structure (MS) leads to increase in sharpness of diffused-junction rectifier (see, for example, Refs. 1 and 2), which were formed in the MS. It has been also shown, that together with increasing of the sharpness homogeneity of impurity distribution in doped area increases. In this paper, both the effects (together increasing of sharpness of p–n-junction and increasing of homogeneity of impurity distribution) have been used for production of a system of a serial p–n-junctions (such as bipolar transistors). Annealing time has been optimized for increasing simultaneously the sharpness and the homogeneity.
A PEAK IN THE BOSE GLASS LINE AT THE FIRST MATCHING FIELD OF NANOSTRUCTURES OF PINNING SITES
Authors: OBAIDAT I. M.
Published: August 2009

Using an extensive series of molecular dynamic simulations on driven vortex lattices interacting with nanostructures of periodic square arrays of pinning sites of fixed density, we have obtained the B–T phase diagram representing a Bose glass to vortex liquid-phase transition. In solving the over damped equation of vortex motion, we took into account the vortex–vortex repulsion interaction, the attractive vortex–pinning interaction, and the driving Lorentz force at several values of temperature. We have found that the location of the Bose glass line (TBG-line) depends on the pinning strength of the pinning sites. We have also found that for each pinning strength value, there is an interesting peak of the TBG-line that occurs at the first matching field when the number of vortices equals the number of pinning sites in the sample.
THEORY OF MAGNETO RESISTANCE OF AMORPHOUS SEMICONDUCTORS
Authors: PADHI PRAKASH C. , TRIPATHI GOURI S. , MISRA PRASANTA K.
Published: August 2009

We propose a simple theory to explain the anomalous magneto resistance of amorphous semiconductors in the hopping regime. We derive an expression for the magneto resistance (Δρ/ρ0), in this regime by using a reinterpretation of the effective electronic mass, velocity, and lifetime based on the density matrix approach and a three-site jump probability in topologically disordered systems. Our theory accounts for the experimental observation of (Δρ/ρ0) for low magnetic fields at room temperature and below and supports Mott's T-1/4 for the variable range hopping of electrical conductivity.
THE EFFECT OF INTERFERENCE IN ADDITIVE AND MULTIPLICATIVE WHITE NOISES ON INFORMATION ENTROPY PRODUCTION AND ENTROPY FLUX
Authors: SEN MONOJ KUMAR , BAG BIDHAN CHANDRA
Published: August 2009

In this paper we study time evolution of configuration space in terms of information entropy flux and entropy production for colored cross-correlated noise-driven open systems. The effect of interference in additive and multiplicative white noises on entropy flux and entropy production is calculated based on the Fokker–Planck description of the stochastic process and information entropy balance equation. The variation of entropy production with the damping constant or strength of multiplicative noise reveals nonmonotonic behavior as a result of the interplay of deterministic and random forces.
DIFFUSION CHARACTERISTIC OF SEVERAL ELEMENTS IN COPPER DURING AN ELECTRIC SPARK PROCESSING UNDER A CONSTANT MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: GERTSRIKEN DINA , MAZANKO VLADIMIR , QIAO SHENGRU , ZHANG CHENGYU
Published: August 2009

The surface of Cu cathode was alloyed by several elements, including pure Ni , Fe , Ag and pyrolytic graphite, during electric spark processing technology (ESP). The energy, gap between the electrode and matrix, and the total fabricating time of ESP are 0.9 J, 0.5 mm, and 30 s, respectively. The ESP was performed under a constant magnetic field (CMF) of 630 kA/m. The atom distribution profiles along the depth were measured by a serial sectioning and autoradiography. The lattice constants were studied by an X-ray diffractometer. The results show that there is one or several concentration peaks in the subsurface of Cu . When the depth is beyond the location corresponding to the concentration peaks, the concentration distribution in the matrix can be described by an exponential function. Fe and C atoms can homogeneously diffuse into the Cu lattice, accompanied by mechanical mixtures, and no traces of diffusion along the grain boundaries can be found. Comparing with the condition without a CMF, the diffusion coefficient decreases when the magnetic field is parallel to the surface, whereas the diffusion coefficient is the smallest when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface. The lattice constant of Cu becomes smaller after the ESP.
FORWARD APPORTIONMENT OF CENSORED COUNTS FOR DISCRETE NONPARAMETRIC MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION OF FAILURE PROBABILITIES
Authors: PATEL MINNIE H. , TSAO H.-S. JACOB
Published: August 2009

Empirical cumulative lifetime distribution function is often required for selecting lifetime distribution. When some test items are censored from testing before failure, this function needs to be estimated, often via the approach of discrete nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation (DN-MLE). In this approach, this empirical function is expressed as a discrete set of failure-probability estimates. Kaplan and Meier used this approach and obtained a product-limit estimate for the survivor function, in terms exclusively of the hazard probabilities, and the equivalent failure-probability estimates. They cleverly expressed the likelihood function as the product of terms each of which involves only one hazard probability ease of derivation, but the estimates for failure probabilities are complex functions of hazard probabilities. Because there are no closed-form expressions for the failure probabilities, the estimates have been calculated numerically. More importantly, it has been difficult to study the behavior of the failure probability estimates, e.g., the standard errors, particularly when the sample size is not very large. This paper first derives closed-form expressions for the failure probabilities. For the special case of no censoring, the DN-MLE estimates for the failure probabilities are in closed forms and have an obvious, intuitive interpretation. However, the Kaplan–Meier failure-probability estimates for cases involving censored data defy interpretation and intuition. This paper then develops a simple algorithm that not only produces these estimates but also provides a clear, intuitive justification for the estimates. We prove that the algorithm indeed produces the DN-MLE estimates and demonstrate numerically their equivalence to the Kaplan–Meier-based estimates. We also provide an alternative algorithm.
ROBUST OPTIMIZATION OF LINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEM WITH RANDOM PARAMETERS UNDER STOCHASTIC EARTHQUAKE EXCITATION
Authors: BHATTACHARJYA SOUMYA , CHAKRABORTY SUBRATA
Published: August 2009

The structural optimization under random load is dealt in the form of non-linear optimization with stochastic performance measures. The analysis considers the effect of randomness in the earthquake load only, considering other parameters as deterministic. But uncertainty is inevitable in any structural system. The primary objective of present study is to propose a robust optimization strategy in the framework of adaptive response surface method for linear dynamic system characterized by parameter uncertainties subjected to stochastic earthquake load. Essentially, the proposed formulation becomes two-criterion equivalent deterministic optimization problem, where the weighted sum of the mean and variance of desired objective is optimized. The associated stochastic constraints are derived by imposing a limit on failure probability. To avoid repeated evaluations of complex dynamic responses and their sensitivities, the adaptive response surface based approximation method is used to obtain the stochastic constraint of the related optimization problem. The formulation is elucidated by optimizing a three-storied concrete frame. The numerical results are presented to study the differences in optimum solutions obtained by the conventional and adaptive response surface method. The robust optimization results are compared with the results of stochastic optimization with deterministic system parameters to study the effect of parameter uncertainty.
A convenient synthesis of phthalocyanines bearing four methyl 4-hexyloxyphenyl-2-phenoxy acrylate functionalities
Authors: Aslı Esenpınar A. , Rıza Özkaya A. , Bulut Mustafa
Published: August 2009

A novel synthetic pathway for the preparation of a new phthalonitrile derivative, methyl (E)-3-[2-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-4-(hexyloxy)phenyl]acrylate (3), based on the opening of the lactone ring of 7-hexyloxycoumarin (2H-1-benzopyrane-2-one, 2H-chromen-2-one) and ether formation of the formed hydroxy group with 4-nitrophthalonitrile, is presented. Cyclotetramerization of this dinitrile in 2-N,N-dimethylaminoethanol gives the desired Zn(II) , Co(II) and Cu(II) phthalocyanines (4, 5 and 6) with four methyl 4-hexyloxy-2-phenoxy acrylate moiety on periphery. The complexes are characterized by IR, elemental analysis, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR MALDI-TOF and UV-vis spectroscopy. The redox behavior of the complexes are also discussed.
Octasolketal-substituted phthalocyanines: synthesis and systematic study of metal effect and substitution pattern on 13C NMR
Authors: Zorlu Yunus , Un Ilker , Dumoulin Fabienne
Published: August 2009

A complete series of solketal octasubstituted phthalocyanines have been synthesized, with peripheral (β) or non-peripheral (α) substitution pattern. Their 13 C NMR and UV-vis properties are compared relatively to this substitution pattern or the nature of the central metal ( Ni , Zn or H 2).
Tetraimidazophthalocyanines: influence of protonation and aggregation on spectroscopic observations
Authors: Önal Emel , Dumoulin Fabienne , Hirel Catherine
Published: August 2009

The synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of tetraimidazophthalocyanines are presented. This kind of molecules have not been intensively studied due to difficulty in (i) obtaining an easily obtainable synthon: a benzimidazole ring with a variety of substituent, and (ii) achieving the Rosenmund-Von Braun reaction with good yields. The synthesis of novel 2-substituted-5,6-dicyanobenzimidazoles (4a–e) achieved from 4,5-dibromo-N,N'-diacetylated-1,2-phenylene diamine (2a–e) or 2-substituted-5,6-dibromobenzimidazole (3a–e) were optimized. Depending on the starting compound, the reaction could be done according to a two-step pathway (cyclization followed by nitrilation) or a one-pot procedure using microwave irradiation. The target compounds, tetraimidazophthalocyanines (ImiPc(M)) (5a–e;6a–d), were prepared. The effect of the four imidazoles introduced in the phthalocyanines core were compared and discussed.
Voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical characterization and electrocatalytic application of metallophthalocyanines carrying pendant bulky units
Authors: Koca Atıf , Dinçer Hatice A. , Gonca Ergün , Gül Ahmet
Published: August 2009

In this work, voltammetric, spectroelectrochemical, and electrocatalytic properties of the metallophthalocyanines bearing four chloro and four biphenyl-malonic ester bulky groups were investigated. Voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical measurements of the metallophthalocyanines show that while cobalt phthalocyanine presents both metal-based and ring-based redox processes, all other complexes give only ring-based reduction and oxidation processes. The redox processes have generally diffusion-controlled, reversible and one-electron transferred mechanisms. Cobalt phthalocyanine electrocoated easily on the glassy carbon working electrode during the repeating cycles, a very useful feature for application in fabrication of thin films. Electrocatalytic activity of cobalt phthalocyanine to hydrogen evolution reaction was studied in solution titrated with perchloric acid and on glassy carbon electrode modified with cobalt phthalocyanine in aqueous solution. Electrocatalytic measurements show that cobalt phthalocyanine has significant catalytic activities towards hydrogen evolution reaction. Moreover, the catalytic activity of the complex enhanced significantly when the complex was incorporated into the cation exchange Nafion polymeric matrix.
Homeostatic and therapeutic roles of VIP in smooth muscle function: myo-neuroimmune interactions
Authors: Shi Xuan-Zheng , Sarna Sushil K.
Published: August 2009

We tested the hypothesis that spontaneous release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from enteric neurons maintains homeostasis in smooth muscle function in mild inflammatory insults and that infusion of exogenous VIP has therapeutic effects on colonic smooth muscle dysfunction in inflammation. In vitro experiments were performed on human colonic circular smooth muscle tissues and in vivo on rats. The incubation of human colonic circular smooth muscle strips with TNF-α suppressed their contractile response to ACh and the expression of the pore-forming α1Csubunit of Cav1.2 channels. VIP reversed both effects by blocking the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus and its binding to the κB recognition sites on hα1C1b promoter. The translocation of NF-κB was inhibited by blocking the degradation of IκBβ. Induction of inflammation by a subthreshold dose of 17 mg/kg trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats moderately decreased muscularis externa concentration of VIP, and it had little effect on the contractile response of circular smooth muscle strips to ACh. The blockade of VIP and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide receptors 1/2 during mild inflammatory insult significantly worsened the suppression of contractility and the inflammatory response. The induction of more severe inflammation by 68 mg/kg TNBS induced marked suppression of colonic circular muscle contractility and decrease in serum VIP. Exogenous infusion of VIP by an osmotic pump reversed these effects. We conclude that the spontaneous release of VIP from the enteric motor neurons maintains homeostasis in smooth muscle function in mild inflammation by blocking the activation of NF-κB. The infusion of exogenous VIP mitigates colonic inflammatory response and smooth muscle dysfunction.