bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Host‐Guest Association and Fluorescence in Copolymers from Copper Salphen Complexes by Supramolecular Internalization of Anions
Authors: Hernández‐Pacheco Paulina , Zelada‐Guillén Gustavo A. , Romero‐Ávila Margarita , Cañas‐Alonso Roberto Carlos , Flores‐Álamo Marcos , Escárcega‐Bobadilla Martha V.
Published: September 2022

We describe the synthesis, crystallographic characterization of a new Cu−Salphen compound and its use as a host Lewis‐acid against guest anions in two versions: a) free molecule, b) copolymerized with methyl methacrylate:n‐butyl acrylate (1 : 4‐wt.) as protective co‐monomers. Higher contents in Cu−Salphen yielded larger and more homogeneous polymer sizes. Polymer size together with glass transitions, heat capacity, thermal degradation, guest‐saturation degrees and host‐guest species distribution profiles from spectrophotometric titrations explained growths of up to 630‐fold in K11 and 180000‐fold in K12 for the host's binding site attributable to a solvophobic protection from the macromolecular structure. Spectrofluorimetry revealed blue‐shifted×13–16 larger luminescence for Cu−Salphen in the polymers (λem=488–498 nm) than that of the non‐polymerized counterpart (λem=510–543 nm) and “turn‐on” blue‐shifted enhanced fluorescence upon guest association. We propose a cooperative incorporation of the guests occurring from the outer medium toward internally protected binding site pockets in the random coil polymer conformations.
Photodynamics of Gas‐Phase Pyruvic Acid Following Light Absorption in the Actinic Region
Authors: Hutton Lewis , Curchod Basile F. E.
Published: September 2022

The photochemistry of pyruvic acid has received a large attention due to its relevance to atmospheric chemistry. Pyruvic acid is produced in the troposphere from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources and is a prototypical model for the family of
‐dicarbonyls. What makes the photochemistry of pyruvic acid particularly interesting from a gas‐phase perceptive is its expected decarboxylation upon sunlight absorption. The exact photodynamics leading to this release of CO2 remains elusive. In this work, we used a combination of excited‐ and ground‐state ab initio molecular dynamics to unravel the possible mechanisms leading to the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid. Our calculations highlight the importance of a proton‐coupled electron transfer mechanism taking place in the first excited electronic state and triggering a nonadiabatic transfer of the molecule to the ground electronic state. The decarboxylation takes place in the ground‐electronic state with the concomitant formation of methylhydroxycarbene. We also calculate the photoabsorption cross‐section and wavelength‐dependent quantum yields for pyruvic acid, highlighting the limits of our theoretical formalism.
High‐Throughput Neurite Outgrowth Assay Using GFP‐Labeled iPSC‐Derived Neurons
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Shuaizhang , Xia Menghang
Published: September 2022

The potential neurotoxicity from an increasing number of drugs and untested environmental chemicals creates a need to develop reliable and efficient in vitro methods for identifying chemicals that may adversely affect the nervous system. An important process in neurodevelopment is neurite outgrowth, which can be affected by developmental neurotoxicity. Currently, neurite outgrowth assays rely mainly on staining, which requires multiple sample processing steps, particularly washing steps, that may introduce variation and limit throughput. Here, we describe a neurite outgrowth assay that uses induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived human cortical glutamatergic neurons and/or spinal motor neurons labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to test compounds in a high‐content and high‐throughput format. This method enables live and time‐lapse imaging of GFP‐labeled neurons using an assay plate that is continuously imaged at multiple times after chemical treatment. In this article, we describe how to thaw frozen GFP‐labeled neurons, culture them, treat them with a compound of interest, and analyze neurite outgrowth using a high‐content imaging platform. In this assay, GFP‐labeled iPSC‐derived human neurons represent a promising tool for identifying and prioritizing compounds with potential developmental neurotoxicity for further hazard characterization. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

This article was corrected on 23 September 2022. See the end of the full text for details.

Basic Protocol 1: Thawing and seeding of iPSC‐derived neurons

Basic Protocol 2: Compound plate preparation and treatment of neurons

Basic Protocol 3: High‐content imaging and analysis
Comparative evaluation of intermediate solutions in prevention of brown precipitate formed from sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate
Authors: Bueso Vashti , Parikh Neha , Terlier Tanguy , Holland Julian N. , Sarmast Nima D. , Jeong Ji Wook
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To evaluate intermediate treatments between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate irrigations for the prevention of a toxic brown precipitate in root canal therapy.

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐nine premolars were irrigated with 6% sodium hypochlorite and divided into either: No intermediate treatment; Dry paper points; three different irrigations with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, deionized water, or 5% sodium thiosulfate. 2% chlorhexidine gluconate was the final irrigant in all groups. Sectioned teeth were analyzed for brown precipitate intensity and area using stereomicroscopy and components related to para‐chloroaniline using Time‐of‐Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS).

Results

Stereomicroscopy showed that 5% STS significantly reduced brown precipitate intensity and area as compared with no intermediate irrigation (p < .05, Chi‐square, generalized linear model, and Tukey's multiple comparison tests). Utilizing ToF‐SIMS, 5% sodium thiosulfate was most effective in reducing the components representing para‐chloroaniline and chlorhexidine gluconate.

Conclusion

The 5% sodium thiosulfate was most effective among other intermediate treatments, assessed by stereomicroscopy and ToF‐SIMS.
Shade tolerance response of legumes in terms of biomass accumulation, leaf photosynthesis, and chlorophyll pigment under reduced sunlight
Authors: Umesh Mathada Rangappa , Angadi Sangamesh , Begna Sultan , Gowda Prasanna , Prasad P. V. Vara
Published: September 2022

Legumes have a distinct morpho‐physiological response to reduced sunlight, but their capacity to adapt to the levels of shading due to intercropping systems is not sufficiently understood. Such adaptation to shade—60% of full sun in terms of physiological attributes—was examined in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Savi), lablab (Lablab purpureus Adans.), lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], and pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Although the capacity of photosynthetic machinery decreased under shade, the capacity continued to exceed the actual rate of photosynthesis. Compared with those under full sun, leaves under shade were thinner (specific weight only 56% of that under full sun), larger (surface area greater by 54.7%), and recorded a 15% higher leaves/stem ratio (by weight) and a 25.6% higher leaves/total dry weight ratio. However, the concentration of chlorophyll pigments per unit weight and per unit surface area was significantly higher in leaves under shade. Water stress was probably higher for leaves under full sun given the higher canopy temperatures and lower relative water content. At final biomass harvest, across the species shading has reduced the biomass 32% in 2009 and 34.6% in 2010 over unshade. Biomass was greater in lima bean (413 g m−2), and pigeonpea (408 g m−2) then lowest in lablab (180 g m−2) and cowpea (216 g m−2). Of the five legumes tested, lablab and cowpea showed the greatest tolerance to shade and therefore are better suited to the low‐light environment of intercropping.
Polyploidization‐enhanced effective clonal reproduction endows the successful invasion of Solidagocanadensis
Authors: Feng Dongyan , Cheng Jiliang , Yang Xianghong , Tian Zhongsai , Liu Yujing , Zhang Yu , Qiang Sheng
Published: September 2022

Clonality and ploidy levels are positively associated with plant invasiveness. However, there is still no consensus on whether polyploidization can promote the invasion of alien plants by enhancing clonality. Our recent long‐term community succession study found that the more vigorous clone of introduced polyploid Solidago canadensis succeeded into mono‐dominant community, which seems to be a positive correlationship between polyploidization and clonal reproduction. However, the formation process of clonal ramet and how polyploidization improves the clonal reproduction of S. canadensis remains unknown. Here, we compared clonal growth ability among diploids and polyploids of S. canadensis from native and introduced ranges in a common garden. Results showed that the rhizomes of S. canadensis originated from axillary buds of dense nodes at the basal stem of seedling and then produced into clonal ramets from the rhizomes. Diploids had denser nodes and more buds, developed more rhizomes per unit mass and produced more clonal propagules at the early growth stage compared with polyploids. However, the number of juvenile and secondary rhizomes, as well as the diameter and length of rhizomes in polyploid populations was significantly higher or greater than those of diploids, and those clonal traits in introduced polyploids were significantly higher than in native polyploids. Moreover, a phalanx growth form was observed in native and introduced diploid populations, which allocated about 3% and 5% of the total biomass to rhizomes, respectively, resulting in short and weak rhizomes. However, native and introduced polyploids allocated about 35% and 40%, respectively, of the total biomass to rhizomes, resulting in long and strong rhizomes, which were guerrilla growth forms. This study firstly shows that polyploidization enhanced the effective clonal reproduction of S. canadensis through pre‐adaptation and rapid post‐adaptation evolution, and consequently contributed to its successful invasion.
Obesity and contraceptive use: impact on cardiovascular risk
Authors: Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Rodriguez‐Martinez Maria Angeles , Spoletini Ilaria , Regidor Pedro Antonio
Published: September 2022

Obesity and oestrogen containing contraceptive products are well‐known independent cardiovascular risk factors. However, a significant number of obese women continue to receive prescriptions of hormonal products that contain oestrogens for their contraception. We have conducted a narrative review to discuss the latest evidence, ongoing research, and controversial issues on the synergistic effect of obesity and contraceptive use, in terms of cardiovascular risk. There is compelling evidence of an interplay between obesity and contraception in increasing cardiovascular risk. Women who present both obesity and use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have a greater risk (between 12 and 24 times) to develop venous thromboembolism than non‐obese non‐COC users. Data here discussed offer new insights to increase clinicians' awareness on the cardiovascular risk in the clinical management of obese women. The synergistic effect of obesity and COCs on deep venous thrombosis risk must be considered when prescribing hormonal contraception. Progestin‐only products are a safer alternative to COCs in patients with overweight or obesity. Obese women taking contraceptives should be viewed as an ‘at risk’ population, and as such, they should receive advice to change their lifestyle, avoiding other cardiovascular risk factors, as a form of primary prevention. This indication should be extended to young women, as data show that COCs should be avoided in obese women of any age.
When judging purity norm violations, the perpetrator's intention matters
Authors: Kollareth Dolichan , Russell James A.
Published: September 2022

Judgments about the morality of an act that harms another (an autonomy violation) depend on the perpetrator's intention, but judgments about an impure act (a purity violation) have little to do with the perpetrator's intention—or so it has been theorized. In contrast, our hypothesis, supported here in three studies of American internet users, is that the perpetrator's intention matters greatly in both domains. In two studies (N = 120 in each), the perpetrator's specific intention (benign, pernicious, or unspecified) significantly and substantially influenced moral judgments of impure acts. In a third study (N = 825) of morality judgments, intention weighed at least as much for purity as for autonomy violations: reasoning about perpetrator's intention decided whether both autonomy and purity violations were judged to be moral or immoral. In morality, intention matters.
3D Cellulose Graphene Aerogel with Self‐Redox CeO2 as Li2S Host for High‐Performance Li–S Battery
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhou Xi , Zeng Peng , Guo Changmeng , Liu Hong , Guo Xiaowei , Chang Baobao , Chen Manfang , Su Jincang , Wang Xianyou
Published: September 2022

Lithium sulfide is considered the promising cathode material of a Li–S battery because of its high theoretical capacity, high melting point, affordable volume expansion, and lithium composition. However, the quick capacity fading and high activation energy barrier due to low electronic and ionic conductivity and polysulfide shuttle effect still restrict the practical application of the Li2S cathode. Herein, CeO2 is introduced with unique self‐redox characteristics into cellulose graphene aerogel (CGA) with the 3D interconnected structure (CGA/CeO2) as the host of Li2S. It is found that CGA/CeO2 can provide plentiful three‐phase boundary for the chemisorption to LiPSs through the strong polarity of CeO2. Moreover, the ultrastrong polarity of CeO2 can restrain the LiPSs shuttle, and CeO2 can spontaneously oxidize polysulfide, thus boosting the conversion reaction kinetics and comprehensive electrochemical performances of Li–S battery based on Li2S cathode. As a result, these features reciprocate Li2S‐CGA/CeO2 cathode excellent electrochemical performances. Therefore, this work not only provides a significant exploration for the mechanical explanation of the cerium oxide catalytic conversion reaction but also provides a brand‐new idea for the excellent electric catalyst for the catalytic conversion reaction of polysulfide in lithium–sulfide batteries.
Split Injection Strategy Optimization to Achieve Ideal Stratified‐Charge Mixture and Reinforce Ultralean Burn in a High Compression Ratio Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Liu Zuowen , Zheng Zhaolei
Published: September 2022

Ultralean burn is considered an effective way to enhance the thermal efficiency of direct injection spark ignition engines. Herein, under ultralean burn condition, the split injection strategy is induced to investigate the in‐cylinder mixture distribution, combustion characteristics, and emissions by simulation in a high compression ratio engine model. First, the homogeneity index shows that compared with the single injection method, the split injection strategy shows better stratification of the mixture gas at the early stage of the compression stroke, which results in higher in‐cylinder pressure and heat release. Meanwhile, the results of heat balance show that split injection shows a slight effect on ignition delay, but significantly shortens combustion duration and advances CA50, and thus the exhaust loss is decreased. Second, with the decrease of a second injection fuel mass, the rich mixture is formed near the spark plug, thus reducing the ignition delay and combustion duration. Third, the split injection strategy presents faster flame kernel growth and propagation. A larger flame area is observed with the second injection mass decreasing. Finally, as the second fuel injection mass is reduced, NOx emissions increases continuously, while the soot emission decreases.
Pulses within pulses: Concentration‐discharge relationships across temporal scales in a snowmelt‐dominated Rocky Mountain catchment
Authors: Hensley Robert , Singley Joel , Gooseff Michael
Published: September 2022

Concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships can provide insight into how catchments store and transport solutes, but analysis is often limited to long‐term behaviour assessed from infrequent grab samples. Increasing availability of high‐frequency sensor data has shown that C‐Q relationships can vary substantially across temporal scales, and in response to different hydrologic drivers. Here, we present 4 years of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N) sensor data from a snowmelt‐ dominated catchment in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. We assessed both the direction (enrichment vs. dilution) and hysteresis in C‐Q relationships across a range of time scales, from interannual to sub‐daily. Both solutes exhibited a seasonal flushing response, with concentrations initially increasing as solute stores are mobilized by the melt pulse, but then declining as these stores are depleted. The high‐frequency data revealed that the seasonal melt pulse was composed of numerous individual daily melt pulses. The solute response to daily melt pulses was relatively chemostatic, suggesting mobilization and depletion to be progressive rather than episodic processes. In contrast, rainfall‐induced pulses produced short‐lived but substantial enrichment responses, suggesting they may activate alternative solute sources or transport pathways. Finally, we observed low‐level diel variation during summer baseflow following the melt pulse, likely driven by effects of daily evapotranspiration cycles. Additional contributions from in‐stream metabolic cycles, independent from but covarying with diel streamflow cycles, could not be ruled out. The results clearly demonstrate that solute responses to daily cycles and individual events may differ significantly from the longer‐term seasonal behaviour they combine to generate.
Microscopic and biochemical monitoring of endosomal trafficking and extracellular vesicle secretion in an endogenous in vivo model
Authors: Linnemannstöns Karen , Karuna M Pradhipa , Witte Leonie , Choezom Dolma , Honemann‐Capito Mona , Lagurin Alex Simon , Schmidt Chantal Vanessa , Shrikhande Shreya , Steinmetz Lara‐Kristin , Wiebke Möbius , Lenz Christof , Gross Julia Christina
Published: September 2022

Extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion enables cell–cell communication in multicellular organisms. During development, EV secretion and the specific loading of signalling factors in EVs contributes to organ development and tissue differentiation. Here, we present an in vivo model to study EV secretion using the fat body and the haemolymph of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The system makes use of tissue‐specific EV labelling and is amenable to genetic modification by RNAi. This allows the unique combination of microscopic visualisation of EVs in different organs and quantitative biochemical purification to study how EVs are generated within the cells and which factors regulate their secretion in vivo. Characterisation of the system revealed that secretion of EVs from the fat body is mainly regulated by Rab11 and Rab35, highlighting the importance of recycling Rab GTPase family members for EV secretion. We furthermore discovered a so far unknown function of Rab14 along with the kinesin Klp98A in EV biogenesis and secretion.
N‐glycoproteomics reveals distinct glycosylation alterations in NGLY1‐deficient patient‐derived dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Budhraja Rohit , Saraswat Mayank , De Graef Diederik , Ranatunga Wasantha , Ramarajan Madan G. , Mousa Jehan , Kozicz Tamas , Pandey Akhilesh , Morava Eva
Published: September 2022

Congenital disorders of glycosylation are genetic disorders that occur due to defects in protein and lipid glycosylation pathways. A deficiency of N‐glycanase 1, encoded by the NGLY1 gene, results in a congenital disorder of deglycosylation. The NGLY1 enzyme is mainly involved in cleaving N‐glycans from misfolded, retro‐translocated glycoproteins in the cytosol from the endoplasmic reticulum before their proteasomal degradation or activation. Despite the essential role of NGLY1 in deglycosylation pathways, the exact consequences of NGLY1 deficiency on global cellular protein glycosylation have not yet been investigated. We undertook a multiplexed tandem mass tags‐labeling‐based quantitative glycoproteomics and proteomics analysis of fibroblasts from NGLY1‐deficient individuals carrying different biallelic pathogenic variants in NGLY1. This quantitative mass spectrometric analysis detected 8041 proteins and defined a proteomic signature of differential expression across affected individuals and controls. Proteins that showed significant differential expression included phospholipid phosphatase 3, stromal cell‐derived factor 1, collagen alpha‐1 (IV) chain, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1, and thrombospondin‐1. We further detected a total of 3255 N‐glycopeptides derived from 550 glycosylation sites of 407 glycoproteins by multiplexed N‐glycoproteomics. Several extracellular matrix glycoproteins and adhesion molecules showed altered abundance of N‐glycopeptides. Overall, we observed distinct alterations in specific glycoproteins, but our data revealed no global accumulation of glycopeptides in the patient‐derived fibroblasts, despite the genetic defect in NGLY1. Our findings highlight new molecular and system‐level insights for understanding NGLY1‐CDDG.
Three‐dimensional electroanatomically guided slow pathway elimination is associated with procedural improvements and clinical benefit in atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia patients
Authors: Tsiachris Dimitrios , Antoniou Christos‐Konstantinos , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Manolakou Panagiota , Kordalis Athanasios , Konstantinou Dimitrios , Gatzoulis Konstantinos , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Stefanadis Christodoulos
Published: September 2022

Background

Slow pathway (SP) ablation, in the context of atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) treatment could result in either complete elimination or only modification of the SP with ambiguity regarding associated benefits. Three‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping (3D‐EAM) may be used adjunctively aiming to complete SP elimination. Our purpose was to compare a 3D‐EAM‐based strategy targeting SP elimination to the conventional fluoroscopic approach with respect to clinical outcomes.

Methods

One hundred and two consecutive AVNRT patients (36 males, mean age 53.2 ± 13.7 years) underwent in two successive periods a conventional fluoroscopic ablation approach (n = 42) or a 3D‐EAM‐guided ablation focusing on complete SP elimination (n = 60).

Results

Several procedural parameters improved with 3D‐EAM use, including fluoroscopy time (2.4 ± 4.7 min vs. 13 ± 4.5 min), dose‐area product (1061 ± 3122 μGy × m2 vs. 5002 ± 3032 μGy × m2) and slow pathway elimination frequency (95% vs. 50%, all p < .001). Procedural time was slightly prolonged in the 3D‐EAM group (101 ± 31 min vs. 87 ± 24 min, p = .013). Two major complications occurred in the conventional group. Altogether, over a mean follow‐up of approximately 2.7 years, recurrence occurred in 6 of 42 (14.3%) in the conventional group as compared to 1 of 62 (1.7%) in the EAM‐based group (p = .019). In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, time‐to‐event was significantly longer for the EAM‐based patients (p < .030). Moreover, the EAM‐based strategy was associated with less redo procedures' rates (9.5% in the non‐EAM group vs. 0% in the EAM group, p = .026).

Conclusions

The present study showed that an EAM‐based SP elimination strategy is not only feasible and safe but it is also accompanied by improved clinical outcomes in the setting of AVNRT ablation.
CCT4 knockdown enhances the sensitivity of cisplatin by inhibiting glycolysis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Fang Jiarui , Ma Yingchao , Li Ya , Li Jianhui , Zhang Xishen , Han Xiao , Ma Shanshan , Guan Fangxia
Published: September 2022

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common human malignancy characterized by late‐stage diagnosis, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Cisplatin (DDP)‐based chemotherapy has been the most predominant treatment for patients with ESCC. However, the high rate of DDP resistance and toxicity seriously hinder its clinical application. Then, the optimized strategy and mechanisms for ESCC to enhance DDP sensitivity are in great demand. Accumulating evidence have shown that chaperone proteins are closely related to the tumorigenesis and drug resistance of cancers. Chaperonin containing TCP1 complex 4 (CCT4) is a recent identified member of the family. However, its expression and function in ESCC have not been well illustrated. In this study, we found that CCT4 was highly expressed in human ESCC tissues and cell lines, and closely related to the poor prognosis. Moreover, CCT4 silence raised oxidative stress and inhibited glycolysis of ESCC cells, which significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration, promoted apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest in ESCC cells. Interestingly, CCT4 knockdown enhanced the sensitivity of KYSE150 cells to DDP by regulating AMPK/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting glycolysis ability. Taken together, our results indicate that targeting CCT4 may be a therapeutic target in ESCC patients, which provides a theoretical basis to enhance the sensitivity of DDP in ESCC.
A survey of patient and medical professional perspectives on implementing osteoarthritis management programs for hip and knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Wallis Jason A. , Barton Christian J. , Ackerman Ilana N. , Sherwood James , Kemp Joanne L. , Young Kirby , Jennings Sophie , Trivett Adrian , Brusco Natasha K.
Published: September 2022

Background

Strategies are needed to improve referral into, and uptake of, osteoarthritis (OA) management programs. This survey investigated and compared patients’ and medical professionals’ views around hip and knee OA management and factors impacting implementation of an osteoarthritis management program.

Methods

As part of a mixed‐methods program of research, patients with hip or knee OA and medical professionals routinely involved in the management of OA, were invited to complete a comprehensive online survey. All data were analysed descriptively or using chi squared tests. Survey findings for factors perceived to impact implementation of an OA management programme were triangulated with previously reported qualitative data.

Results

Fifty‐three patients (38 females, 15 males) and 32 medical professionals (orthopaedic surgeons, sports physicians, rehabilitation physicians, rheumatologists and general practitioners) completed the survey. Twenty‐eight patients (53%) had prior participation in the OA management programme (GLA:D®) and 19 medical professionals (59%) had previously referred patients to the programme. Of the participants with prior exposure, 21 patients (75%) and 15 medical professionals (79%) agreed the programme was beneficial. A higher proportion of medical professionals, compared to patients, believed weight loss (100% vs. 67%), injection therapy (50% vs. 21%), hip replacement (100% vs. 62%) and knee replacement (97% vs. 62%) were effective treatments, with no differences for all other treatments. The barriers and enablers identified for referral into, and participation in, an OA management programme mostly aligned to factors identified in previous related qualitative research. Divergent factors in the survey included patients concerns about doing exercise‐therapy with 81% (higher than expected) not reporting any concerns about exercising, and 19% (lower than expected) concerned about their OA joint, such as making their pain worse.

Conclusions

This study has extended our understanding of barriers and enablers for referral into, and participation in, an OA management programme with a lower than expected number of patients being concerned about exercising due to their OA joint. Patients and medical professionals had positive views relating to the quality of the programme delivery, patient satisfaction and programme effectiveness. Medical professionals were more likely than patients to consider weight loss, injections and joint replacement as effective treatment options.
Eigenvalue analysis of planar linear multibody system under conservative force based on the transfer matrix method
Authors: Wang Jinghong , Rui Xiaoting , Wang Xun , Zhang Jianshu , Zhou Qinbo , Gu Junjie
Published: September 2022

The linear multibody system transfer matrix method (LMSTMM) provides a powerful tool for analyzing the vibration characteristics of a mechanical system. However, the original LMSTMM cannot resolve the eigenvalues of the systems with ideal hinges (i.e., revolute hinge, sliding hinge, spherical hinge, cylindrical hinge, etc.) or bodies under conservative forces due to the lack of the corresponding transfer matrices. This paper enables the LMSTMM to solve the eigenvalues of the planar multibody systems with ideal hinges or rigid bodies under conservative forces. For a rigid body, the transfer matrix can now consider coupling terms between forces and kinematic state perturbations. Also, conservative forces that contribute to the eigenvalues can be considered. Meanwhile, ideal hinges are introduced to LMSTMM, which enables the treatment of eigenvalues of general multibody systems using LMSTMM. Finally, the comparative analysis with ADAMS software and analytical solutions verifies the effectiveness of the proposed approach in this paper.
Enhanced modified reliability index approach for efficient and robust reliability‐based design optimization
Authors: An Xue , Shi Dongyan
Published: September 2022

The reliability index approach (RIA) is one of the effective tools for solving the reliability‐based design optimization (RBDO) probabilistic model, which models the uncertainties with probability constraints. However, its wide application in engineering is limited due to low efficiency and convergence problems. The RIA‐based modified reliability index approach (MRIA) appears to be very robust and accurate than RIA but yields inefficient for the most probable point (MPP) search with highly nonlinear probabilistic constraints. In this study, an enhanced modified reliability index approach (EMRIA) is developed to improve the efficiency and robustness of searching for MPP and is utilized for RBDO. In the EMRIA, an innovative active set using rigorous inequality is applied to construct the region of exploring for MPP, where the unnecessary probabilistic constraint could be eliminated adaptively during the iterative process. Moreover, the double loop strategy (DLS) is integrated into the EMRIA to strengthen the efficiency and robustness of large‐scale RBDO problems. Two numerical examples demonstrated that the EMRIA is an efficient and robust method for MPP search in comparison with current first‐order reliability methods. Six RBDO problems quoted also indicate that DLS‐based EMRIA has good performance to solve complex RBDO problems.
In Vivo Imaging for the Visualization of Extracellular Vesicle‐Based Tumor Therapy
Authors: Jiang Anqi , Nie Weidong , Xie Hai‐Yan
Published: September 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) exhibiting versatile biological functions provide promising prospects as natural therapeutic agents and drug delivery vehicles. For future clinical translation, revealing the fate of EVs in vivo, especially their accumulation at lesion sites, is very important. The continuous development of in vivo imaging technology has made it possible to track the real‐time distribution of EVs. This article reviews the applications of mammal‐, plant‐, and bacteria‐derived EVs in tumor therapy, the labeling methods of EVs for in vivo imaging, the advantages and disadvantages of different imaging techniques, and possible improvements for future work.
Imaging of pediatric liver tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper
Authors: Schooler Gary R. , Infante Juan C. , Acord Michael , Alazraki Adina , Chavhan Govind B. , Davis James Christopher , Khanna Geetika , Morani Ajaykumar C. , Morin Cara E. , Nguyen HaiThuy N. , Rees Mitchell A. , Shaikh Raja , Srinivasan Abhay , Squires Judy H. , Tang Elizabeth , Thacker Paul G. , Towbin Alexander J.
Published: September 2022

Primary hepatic malignancies are relatively rare in the pediatric population, accounting for approximately 1%–2% of all pediatric tumors. Hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma are the most common primary liver malignancies in children under the age of 5 years and over the age of 10 years, respectively. This paper provides consensus‐based imaging recommendations for evaluation of patients with primary hepatic malignancies at diagnosis and follow‐up during and after therapy.
Study of seawater effect on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of hybrid multiwall carbon nanotube/graphene nanoplatelet‐glass fiber/epoxy laminates
Authors: José‐Trujillo Eduardo , Rubio‐González Carlos , Rodríguez‐González Julio Alejandro
Published: September 2022

The influence of seawater aging on the flexural and thermomechanical properties of glass fiber/epoxy (GF/E) composites containing the hybrid combination of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was experimentally investigated in this work. The three‐point bending and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed to test flexural modulus, flexural strength, strain to failure, storage modulus, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of hybrid MWCNT/GNP‐GF/E composites at different mixing ratios (1:0, 7:1, 3:1, and 0:1) which were immersed in seawater at 60°C. The results confirm that seawater aging plays a significant role in reducing the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of hierarchical composite laminates due to degradation and weakening of the fiber/matrix interface as a consequence of plasticization and swelling effects of the polymer matrix. Despite this serious physical degradation, MWCNT/GNP‐GF/E hybrid composites with (7:1) showed a better resistance to seawater aging, with slight improvements in flexural strength (2%), strain to failure (14%), and Tg (12%) compared to neat GF/E composites, due to positive synergistic effect of the carbon nanostructures in the composite laminates, making them suitable for marine applications.
Influence of spinel ZnMn2O4 particles on the dielectric performance of PVDF‐based composites
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Xiao‐Ming , Bu De‐Chao , Feng Yu , Chi Ming‐He
Published: September 2022

Spinel ZnMn2O4 are widely used in lithium batteries, sensors, and catalysis due to its electrical and magnetic properties. However, the influence of the resistive switching effect on the dielectric properties of the polymer matrix induced by ZnMn2O4 has not been investigated in depth. In this study, spinel ZnMn2O4 powders were synthesized via the hydrothermal method, and ZnMn2O4/PVDF composites were prepared for research the influence of ZnMn2O4 particles on dielectric performance of PVDF‐based composites. The existence of ZnMn2O4 particles improves the dielectric constant slightly, while enhances the breakdown strength of composites significantly. The maximum value of breakdown strength achieved in composite with 10 wt% ZnMn2O4 is 108 kV/mm, which is five times larger than that of undoped PVDF. The enhanced dielectric properties are attributed to the quasi‐Coulomb blockade effect induced by the resistive switching effect of ZnMn2O4 particles under applied electric field. The results presented in this work indicate the promising of ZnMn2O4 particles in dielectric and insulating composites.
Technically successful fetal aortic valvuloplasty acutely improves left heart output
Authors: Asrani Priyanka P. , Gellis Laura A. , Schidlow David , Callahan Ryan , Porras Diego , Wilkins‐Haug Louise , Guseh Stephanie , Tworetzky Wayne , Friedman Kevin G.
Published: September 2022

Key points

What is known?

Fetal aortic valvuloplasty (FAV) may avert the progression of mid‐gestation aortic stenosis (AS) to Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) in a subset of fetus.

What this study adds?

Novel assessment of flow through the mitral valve (MV) to estimate left heart output in fetus with AS after a FAV.
SNP discovery in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) using low‐pass genome sequencing
Authors: Khound Rituraj , Sun Guangchao , Mural Ravi V. , Schnable James C. , Santra Dipak K.
Published: September 2022

Domesticated ~10,000 years ago in northern China, Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a climate‐resilient and human health‐promoting cereal crop. The genome size of this self‐pollinated allotetraploid is 923 Mb. Proso millet seeds are an important part of the human diet in many countries. In the USA, its use is restricted to the birdseed and pet food market. Proso millet is witnessing gradual demand in the global human health and wellness food market owing to its health‐promoting properties such as low glycemic index and gluten‐free. The breeding efforts for developing improved proso millet cultivars are hindered by the dearth of genomic resources available to researchers. The publication of the reference genome and availability of cost‐effective NGS methodologies could lead to the identification of high‐quality genetic variants, which can be incorporated into breeding pipelines. Here, we report the identification of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by low‐pass (1×) genome sequencing of 85 diverse proso millet accessions from 23 different countries. The 2 × 150 bp Illumina paired‐end reads generated after sequencing were aligned to the proso millet reference genome. The resulting sequence alignment information was used to call SNPs. We obtained 972,863 bi‐allelic SNPs after quality filtering of the raw SNPs. These SNPs were used to assess the population structure and phylogenetic relationships among the accessions. Most of the accessions were found to be highly inbred with heterozygosity ranging between .05 and .20. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that PC1 (principal component) and PC2 explained 19% of the variability in the population. PCA also clustered all the genotypes into three groups. A neighbor‐joining tree clustered the genotypes into four distinct groups exhibiting diverse representation within the population. The SNPs identified in our study could be used for molecular breeding and genetics research (e.g., genetic and association mapping, and population genetics) in proso millet after proper validation.
Racial harmony and sexual violence: Uneven regulation and legal protection gaps for influencers in Singapore
Authors: Radics George , Abidin Crystal
Published: September 2022

Drawing on a multi‐year ethnographic study of influencers in Singapore and analyses on frameworks regulating racial harmony and sexual violence, this paper adopts approaches from anthropology, cultural studies, and socio‐legal studies to illustrate how the law heavily regulates certain influencers while failing to protect others. This spans across governance from the “state” through government interventions and introduction of formal law, governance in the “industry” through sector‐based guidelines and best practice recommendations, and governance in the “vernacular” from peer surveillance and the court of public opinion in civil society. Through mixed qualitative methodologies including traditional and digital participant observation, content analysis, archival research, document survey, and case study files, this paper aims to locate the current terms and boundaries of influencer governance and regulation in the verticals of “race & culture” and “sex & safety.” In “race & culture,” we consider how the majority‐race Chinese influencers and minority‐race Malay and Indian influencers are differently policed by the three tiers of governance, and experience uneven consequences. This includes commentary that is overtly racist, poor stereotypes that perpetuate everyday racism, and parody content that calls out systemic racism. In “sex & safety,” we consider how sexual harassment and assault are regulated in the industry. This includes the underbelly of the industry where some prominent influencers‐cum‐managers have been accused of sexual grooming and advances as part of their recruitment processes. It highlights how when women are provided an anonymous space to discuss sexual harassment, a tidal wave of stories emerge, leading to doxxing and the potential for vigilante justice. It also reveals how LGBT influencers and sexual offenders are policed more harshly, while sexual harassment against women take place without repercussion even when revealed. We end with a consideration of the state of influencer wellbeing and welfare in the industry, and the place of the law in regulating longstanding and emergent issues.
The effects of rutin flavonoid supplement on glycemic status, lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), some serum inflammatory, and oxidative stress factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Bazyar Hadi , Moradi Leila , Zaman Ferdows , Zare Javid Ahmad
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effects of rutin flavonoid in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this trial (double‐blind, placebo‐controlled), 50 T2DM patients (supplement, n = 25 and placebo, n = 25) were randomized and supplemented with 500 mg rutin or placebo per day for 3‐months. At the beginning and at the end of the study, metabolic parameters including fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMO‐IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐β), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), high‐density and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c and LDL‐c), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), inflammatory and oxidative stress markers such as interleukin 6 (IL‐6), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were assessed. The results showed a significant decrease in FBG, insulin, HbA1c, HOMO‐IR, LDL‐c, TG, VLDL, CHOL, LDL‐c.HDL‐c ratio, AIP, IL‐6, and MDA and a significant increase in HDL‐c, QUICKI index, BDNF, and TAC compared with the initial value (p for all <.05). In the adjusted model, the mean changes of FBG, insulin, HbA1c, HOMO‐IR, LDL‐c, CHOL, LDL.HDL ratio, AIP, MDA, and IL‐6 were significantly lower and mean changes of QUICKI index, HDL‐c, and TAC were significantly higher in the rutin group compared with the placebo group (adjusted p for all <.05). It seems that rutin may have beneficial effects on improving metabolic parameters, BDNF, and inflammatory and oxidative stress factors in T2DM patients.
Emissions‐Adjusted International Trade for Sustainable Development in China: Evidence from dynamic autoregressive distributed lags model and kernel based regression
Authors: Khan Zeeshan , Badeeb Ramez Abubakr , Hassan Taimoor , Zhang Changyong , Elfaki Khalid Eltayeb
Published: September 2022

Efficient allocation of resources and transition towards cleaner sources of energy are among the key factors in minimizing the negative externalities arising from the growing dependency on fossil fuels. Moreover, environmentally benign trade policies are crucial due to the rapid expansion in global trade and comparative advantage. To explore the relationship between global trade and Consumption‐Based Carbon Emissions (CBCE) in China in the context of renewable energy consumption and energy efficiency from 1990 Q1 to 2020 Q4, this paper employs the dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lags (Dynamic ARDL) model to evaluate the connection between international trade, renewable energy usage, energy efficiency, and CBCE, with the Kernel‐Based Regularized Least Squares analysis being used to determine the causal association. The findings reveal that GDP and imports are directly linked with CBCE in the long run, while exports, energy efficiency, and renewable energy consumption have a negative significant long‐run and short‐run influence on CBCE. In addition, exports help in the reduction of CBCE by sharing and adapting environmentally friendly technologies adopted in, for example, renewable energy and ecological advancements. Renewable energy promotes the quality of the environment, which is attributable to the performance of renewable energy and environmentally friendly technologies that directly stimulate the reduction of CBCE emissions. By cutting CBCE, energy efficiency tends to boost environmental quality. The research findings have noteworthy policy implications; trade enhances the quality of environment by introducing lower energy intensive production methods and technology that support sustainable development. As a result, this study advocated quite stringent policies in terms of aligning international trade orientation with environmental quality policy in China. Furthermore, energy efficiency policies are required to lower CBCE by focusing on high‐energy‐using industries and providing alternative clean energy sources.
Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS) for Body Image in Dermatology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kristensen Johannes Kjeldstrup , Nielsen Corina , Haloob Nora
Published: September 2022

Introduction

It is widely acknowledged that negative body image perception is linked to anxiety, depression, and body dysmorphic disorder. However, there is no gold standard, body image related patient reported outcome measure in use, specific for dermatologic disease, despite evidence to suggest a high prevalence of mental health problems relating to body image in this group of patients.

Aim

The aim of this study was to perform a review of body image Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) used in dermatology and to evaluate their effectiveness.

Methods

Searches were performed in the major databases. Two investigators independently performed full text evaluation by applying an established checklist to evaluate the conceptual model, content validity, reliability, construct validity, scoring and interpretability and respondent burden.

Results

Six different PROMs were identified of which only one was fully validated. There was a significant lack of patient involvement in the development of PROMs in this context.

Conclusions

We therefore encourage further research in this field to improve the quality of evidence to better understand the relationship between mental health and dermatologic disease.
Synthesis of Diorganylphosphine Oxides Bearing Hetarylalkyl Moieties and Study of Their Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Malysheva Svetlana F. , Kuimov Vladimir A. , Belogorlova Natalia A. , Beloveghets Ludmila A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Usoltsev Yurii K. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: September 2022

Tertiary phosphine oxides have been synthesized by the reaction of secondary phosphine oxides with diverse hetarylmethylchlorides (pyridines, imidazoles, pyrazole) in the superbasic systems CsF/NaOH/DMF/4 Å MS or NaOH/DMSO/4 Å MS at 23–25 °C. It is found that a tertiary phosphine oxide bearing the imidazole fragment possess the pronounced antimicrobial activity.