bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ranking of Regions of Russia by the Demographic Situation Considering the Level of Development of Social Infrastructure
Authors: Fattakhov R. V. , Nizamutdinov M. M. , Oreshnikov V. V.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the formation of the demographic situation in Russia, considering the influence on them of the parameters of the development of social infrastructure. Today, most regions of the country are characterized by a decrease in population. Moreover, it is the level of development of medicine, education and other components of social infrastructure that determine the living conditions of the population and, as a result, the processes of natural and migration movement of the population. The study aims to determine the quantitative parameters of this relationship and the formation based on the results of the received rating of the administrative entities of the Russian Federation. In the framework of the work, we used methods of retrospective analysis, grouping, cluster analysis, correlation and regression analysis, and other methods. Further, we formed a list of indicators characterizing the level of development of the social infrastructure of the territory and highlighted groups of indicators. We proposed An approach to the formation of integral indicators of the level of development of social infrastructure for individual components of the population movement. The regions of the Russian Federation were grouped by the totality of the parameters of the demographic situation and socio-economic factors. As a result of testing the approach, we formed private and integral ratings of the regions of Russia according to the ratio of the parameters of the demographic situation and the level of development of social infrastructure. The results can be used in the development of the state demographic policy.
Diagnostico precoz de cáncer uterino y mamario
Authors: Camacho Luis
Published: February 2021

La citología exfoliativa es uno de los métodos que ha logrado una significativa reducción de la mortalidad por cáncer de cérvix. Utilizando esta técnica de diagnóstico de una muestra de 1,529 mujeres atendidas en el Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, de 1966 a 1968: se observó que hay una mayor frecuencia de cáncer de cérvix en los quinqueños que van desde los 25 a los 45 años. La tasa por mil corresponde a 4; cifra de la cual el 3,33 por mil corresponde a carcinoma de cérvix “insitu” y 0,67 por mil a carcinoma invasor.

Los resultados de las citologías según las clases definidas por Papanicolaou, fueron los siguientes: 1,498 para la primera clase; 7,11 y 8 para las restantes clases de II a IV. En los casos cuya citología exfoliativa fue sospechosa fueron controlados periódicamente hasta descontar la presencia de cáncer o, en caso contrario, hasta efectuar el tratamiento más adecuado.
Characteristics of Asphalt Mixed Using Mountain Stone
Authors: Eswan Eswan , Adisasmita Sakti A. , Ramli M. Isran , Rauf Syafruddin
Published: February 2021

Aggregate is the main thing in asphalt mixtures with a percentage of about 70% to 80%. The aggregate used should meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) before being used in the asphalt mixture. East Kalimantan Province is one of the provinces in Indonesia which always brings in aggregates from outside the region for road construction. This study aims to analyze the modulus of stiffness of the AC-WC mixture using local aggregate of East Kalimantan Province and petroleum bitumen grade 60/70 as a binder due to water immersion. This research is experimental in the laboratory. The variation of the petroleum bitumen content used was 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5%. Water immersion was carried out at the age of 3, 5 and 7 days. The results showed that at 3 days of immersion, the resilient modulus values obtained at petroleum bitumen content of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5% were 421.0, 506.0, 872.5, 747.0 and 648.5 MPa, respectively. At 5 days immersion, the resilient modulus values obtained were 383.5, 386.0, 915.5, 561.0 and 555.5 MPa, respectively. Whereas for the 7 days immersion, the resilient modulus were 290.5, 425.5, 1369.0, 547.5 and 525.0 MPa, respectively. It can be seen that water immersion greatly affects the stiffness modulus of the asphalt mixture. This stiffness will cause the asphalt mixture to be easily damaged or cracked. This can be caused by the influence of the sub-standard aggregates used, namely Senoni stone and Mahakam sand. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091652 Full Text: PDF
Series Type Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Dairy Farm Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Galve Julius Cezar A. , Sundo Marloe Baclayon , Camus Donny Rey D. , De Padua Victor Mikael N. , Morales Richard Dean F.
Published: February 2021

Agricultural and livestock farms are the major sources of freshwater pollution in rural areas in the Philippines.  Small and unregulated dairy farms operate without appropriate wastewater treatment before discharge because it is too expensive to do so. With this scenario, the emergence of the need for a sustainable and cheaper alternative for wastewater treatment gave rise to the research and development studies of the efficiency of constructed wetlands. The study aims to analyze the treatment efficiency of series type vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with Napier Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum Schumach) on University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) Dairy Farm wastewater with a focus on fecal coliform concentration, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids content, nitrite and nitrate concentration and pH level. The study showed that after treatment using the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands, all the parameters except the fecal coliform concentration were below the standard limits set by the Department of Agriculture with average removal efficiencies of 12.94% on Electric Conductivity (EC), 12.86% on Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), 216.44% on Nitrite (NO2-N), -125.64% on Nitrate (NO3-N), and -25.64% on Fecal Coliforms (FC). With the results of the analysis, a design of series type vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland for dairy farm wastewater treatment is suggested. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091654 Full Text: PDF
THE CONTRIBUTION OF FDI AND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SRI LANKA
Authors: Maheswaranathan Sarojini , Jeewanthi K.M.N.
Published: February 2021

The present study investigates the relationship between financial development, Foreign direct investment and economic growth in Sri Lanka for the period 1980 to 2019 by applying the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit root test along with the ARDL approach in process of achieving the desired objective. The outcome of this study shows that except GDP and FDI all other variables such as Capital investment as a percent of GDP (CI), Bank credit to the private sector as a percent of GDP (BCP), net foreign direct investment inflows in % of GDP (FDI) are stationary at first difference. The findings reveal that net foreign direct investment inflows are a positive relationship with economic growth in the long run. It means a one percent increase in net foreign direct investment inflows increases the GDP by   0.826439 percent. At the same time, a one percent increase in bank credit to the private sector decreases the GDP by 0.864320 percent. Moreover, in the short run FDI, CI and BCP have a positive and significant impact on GDP.  Diagnostic tests such as normality test, heteroskedasticity and serial autocorrelation are employed to validate parameter estimation outcomes. Further, the stability of the variables confirms by the CUSUM test.  The country should propose Strategies to boost the growth of efficient domestic financial institutions and encourage policy to attract greater FDI inflows that meet the needs of the knowledge-based economy.
Teška vremena i humanističko obrazovanje. Tko danas uopće čita Dickensa?
Authors: Matek Ljubica
Published: February 2021

Rad iščitava roman Charlesa Dickensa Teška vremena (1854) kroz prizmu problematike obrazovanja. U romanu se prikazuje racionalistički, pozitivistički, empirijski usmjeren obrazovni sustav koji se isključivo temelji na činjenicama i zabranjuje svaki oblik mašte ili umjetničkog rada i razmišljanja, a napose čitanje književnih djela. Prikazom sudbine likova (učenika Gradgrindove škole), propituje se opravdanost i učinkovitost takvog utilitaristički usmjerenog obrazovanja, dok se odgojem i odrastanjem Sissy Jupe, utemeljenom na humanističkim vrijednostima, prikazuje alternativa takvom obrazovnom procesu. U zaključku se ističe nužnost cjelovitog obrazovanja osobe kao društveno i moralno poželjnije alternative od obrazovanja radnika za tržište te se naglašava uloga književnosti i čitanja u procesu sazrijevanja, socijalizacije, razvoja empatije i samoaktualizacije.
Use of Google Form in Support of Data Collection for Student Scientific Work
Authors: Widayanti Tri
Published: February 2021

The creation and dissemination of questionnaires conventionally has an impact in data collection and completion of thesis for longer. While on the other hand students should be able to complete college on time. The accuracy of students completing lectures also affects the accreditation of study programs and universities. The purpose of community service implementation to foster knowledge and insight so that students can practice google form application in making questionnaires and collecting scientific work data online. Considering the number of students of the College of Economists Boedi Oetomo Pontianak who do not know how to make questionnaires using the google form application. So far, students are still using conventional methods in the manufacture and dissemination of questionnaires. The seminar was attended by 22 participants from the final semester of the Boedi Oetomo Pontianak College of Economics. Implementation of community service using lecture approach, direct practice guidance and discussion so that participants can understand the material delivered. Based on the results of Pretest and Postest showed that after the seminar all students can understand the use of google application form for the creation of questionnaires and data collection of scientific work.
Роль адаптогена карнозина в системе повышения качества и жизнеспособности суточного молодняка кур
Authors: Максакова Анастасия Александровна , Азарнова Татьяна Олеговна , Найденский Марк Семенович , Луговая Инесса Сергеевна , Золотухина Елена Александровна
Published: February 2021

Для повышения качества и жизнеспособности молодняка кур в условиях искусственной инкубации необходимо как можно раньше стимулировать развитие эмбрионов, что представляется возможным путем предынкубационной обработки яиц растворами карнозина, обладающих не только резистентность-повышающими свойствами, но и широким спектром биологического действия. Исследования проводили на яйцах и цыплятах кур кросса «Хайсекс белый» в условиях Загорского ЭПХ ВНИТИП (Московская область). Представлены доводы о том, что предлагаемый БАВ в эмбриогенезе кур эффективен в качестве стресс-протектора эмбриональных отклонений в развитии за счет выраженных антиоксидантных свойств. Он значимо улучшает энергетическое обеспечение тканей, способствует сохранению целостности, а вместе с тем функциональности клеток организма, что повышает адаптационные возможности зародышей птицы в период эмбриогенеза и, следовательно, качество и жизнеспособность особи в целом.
Урожайность и качество зерна сортов яровой пшеницы в технологиях разного уровня интенсивности
Authors: Политыко Петр Михайлович , Капранов Владимир Николаевич , Гармаш Нина Юрьевна , Федорищев Виктор Николаевич , Гармаш Григорий Александрович , Новиков Сергей Юрьевич , Соломатин Александр Владиславович
Published: February 2021

Новые сорта яровой пшеницы требуют современных технологий возделывания. При этом необходимо изучить их реакцию на уровни минерального питания и средства защиты растений. Исследования проводили на опытном поле Московской области в полевом севообороте с чередованием культур: занятый пар (вика + овес), озимые зерновые (сортовая агротехника), картофель, яровые зерновые (сортовая агротехника), зернобобовые. Данные по результатам исследований представлены за 2011 – 2019 гг. Урожайность сортов яровой пшеницы с ростом интенсивности применения средств химизации возрастала и при высокоинтенсивной технологии достигала 10,8 т/га зерна у сорта Злата, 11,1 т/га — у сорта Любава, 10,6 т/га — у сорта Лиза, 10,4 т/га — у сорта Агата. Технологии возделывания яровой мягкой пшеницы позволяют получать урожайность на дерново-подзолистой почве на уровне 8 – 9 т/га по интенсивной технологии и на уровне 10,8 т/га по высокоинтенсивной технологии, при этом улучшаются показатели качества зерна. Возрастает содержание белка на 2,3 – 3,4 %, клейковины — на 1 – 4 %. Качество зерна соответствует потребительским качествам. Это подтверждается и в хозяйствах Центрального Нечерноземья, где получают высокую урожайность яровой пшеницы.
Механизм кадрового обеспечения сельского хозяйства в условиях цифрового развития (на материалах Орловской области)
Authors: Климова Светлана Петровна
Published: February 2021

Выдвигается проблема о том, что необходимо готовить кадры, отвечающие современным требованиям выскодинамичного развивающегося сельского хозяйства в условиях цифровизации страны в постпандемический период. Необходимо обновить структуру формирования эффективного механизма подготовки высококвалифицированных кадров на базе отраслевых вузов региона. Рассмотрены концепции, ведомственные программы «Цифровое сельское хозяйство», направления подготовки и переподготовки молодых специалистов агропромышленного комплекса. Причины подобных проблем просты, отсутствие слаженного механизма взаимодействия государства, вузов, молодых специалистов и работодателей. Нами предложены некоторые рекомендации по совершенствованию алгоритма формирования кадрового потенциала молодых специалистов, которые смогут выдержать требования, предъявляемые современным миром. Реализация современных задач, поставленных перед аграрными вузами по подготовке молодых специалистов позволит улучшить алгоритм подготовки высококвалифицированного молодого специалиста способного пройти все конъюктурообразующие критерии отбора на рынке аграрного труда.
Оценка перспективных гибридов картофеля для условий Якутии
Authors: Охлопкова П. П. , Яковлева Нарыйа Семеновна , Ефремова С. П.
Published: February 2021

В 2017 – 2019 гг. в условиях Республики Саха (Якутия) оценены перспективные гибриды картофеля (представлена характеристика погодных условий). Гибриды относятся к группе раннеспелых и среднеранних (55 – 70 дней): 233 (Славянка × Розалинд), 232 (Аврора × Бонус), 234 (Алый парус × Виктория). Показано, что изучаемые гибриды по хозяйственно ценным признакам соответствуют модели сорта: имеют высокий урожай, хорошие биохимические показатели, высокую лежкость в период хранения, внешний вид клубней отвечает требованиям потребителей, дегустационная оценка клубней — 4,0 балла. Исследуемые образцы гибридов имели урожайность 21,9 – 29,0 т/га, товарность — 85 – 90 %, что делает их хозяйственно ценными. Результаты биохимического анализа клубней показали, что содержание сухого вещества у изучаемых гибридов различается незначительно, колеблется в пределах 20,6 – 20,7 %. Содержание нитратов в клубнях не превышало допустимую концентрацию. Изучаемые образцы устойчивы к наиболее распространенным болезням зоны: вирусным (обыкновенная мозаика, скручивание листьев, курчавость, морщинистая мозаика и т.д.), макроспориозу, ризоктониозу, парше обыкновенной. По результатам исследований отобраны гибриды картофеля 232 (Аврора × Бонус), 233 (Славянка × Розалинд) и 239-2 (Ладожский × Розалинд) для дальнейшей проработки и переданы на устойчивость к возбудителю рака и нематоды.
LOVE LYRICS OF MAGOMED AKHMEDOV IN THE SYSTEM OF THE AVAR ARTISTIC TRADITIONS
Authors: Gadzhilova Shanisat Magomedovna
Published: February 2021

The creativity of the national poet of Dagestan Magomed Akhmedov is an unexplored layer of modern Avar literature, which attracts the attention of writers and literary critics. The analysis of one of the parts of this layer – love lyrics – is presented in this article in the context of Avar artistic traditions.
COMMENTARY BY G. G. GAMZATOV ON WORKS OF GAMZAT TSADASA: CHARACTER AND CONTENT
Authors: Abdusalamov Askhabali Magomedovich
Published: February 2021

An important part of the academic activity of the academician G. G. Gamzatov was the preparation and publication of the commented collection of works of the national poet of Dagestan Gamzat Tsadasa in six volumes. This work is the only example of the publication of the collected works of an Avar writer, carried out on the basis of the requirements of science. The article discusses the role of the scientist in the collection of poetic heritage, in the compilation of comments on the works of the national poet of Dagestan.
DSC3 is a differentially expressed gene in human metastatic breast cancer, in the brain and in the lymph nodes.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that desmocollin 3, encoded by DSC3, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. DSC3 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of DSC3 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of DSC3 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain while evading immune clearance in the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. These data are one piece of evidence suggesting a common ancestor or tumor clone for brain and lymph node metastases that originate from the primary tumor, alluding to patterns in developmental origin and migratory pathways through the lymph node in human brain metastatic breast cancer.
NCF1 (p47-phox) is differentially expressed in the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the neutrophil cytosolic factor 1, also known as p47-phox, encoded by NCF1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. NCF1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of NCF1 in primary tumors of the breast was significantly correlated with patient overall survival. Modulation of NCF1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Makalah sistim pemilihan umum
Authors: putri larasati permata
Published: February 2021

Di kebanyakan negara demokrasi, pemilu dianggap sebagai lambang dan tolak ukur demokrasi. Pemilu yang terbuka, bebas berpendapat dan bebas berserikat mencerminkan demokrasi walaupun tidak beguitu akurat. Pemilihan umum ialah suatu proses pemilihan orang-orang untuk mengisi jabatan-jabatan politik tertentu. Dalam ilmu politik dikenal berbagai macam sistem pemilu dengan berbagai variasi, tetapi umumnya berkisdar pada dua prinsip pokok, yaitu : sistem distrik dan sistem proprosional. Sejak awal kemerdekaan Indonesia telah mengalami pasang surut dalam sistem pemilu. Dari pemilu terdahulu hingga sekarang dapat diketahui bahwa adanya upaya untuk mencari sistem pemilihan umum yang cocok untuk Indonesia . sejak awal pemerintahan yaitu demokrasi parlementer, terpimpin, pancasila dan reformasi, dalam kurun waktu itulah Indonesia telah banyak mengalami transformasi politik dan sistem pemilu. Melihat fenomena politik Indonesia, sistem pemilihan umum proprosinal tertutup memang lebih menguntungkan , tetapi harus diikuti dengan transparansi terhadap publik kalau tidak akan menimbulkan oligarki pemerintahan.Pada akhirnya konsilidasi partai politik dan sistem pemilihan umum sudsah berjalan denganm baik. Akan tetapi, itu belum berarti kehidupan kepartaian Indonesia juga sudah benar-benar siap untuk memasuki zaman global. Sejumlah kelemahan yang bisa diinventarisir dari kepartaian kita adalah rekrutmen politik, kemandirian secara pendanaan, kohesivitas internal,dan kepemimpinan.
Trang Wikipedia tiếng Việt: PGS TS Phạm Minh Chính
Authors: Pape Helpe
Published: February 2021

Đầu năm 2021, Đại hội Đại biểu toàn quốc Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam khóa XIII diễn ra. Trước và trong kỳ đại hội, báo chí nước ngoài cho rằng ông Phạm Minh Chính có nhiều khả năng sẽ là Thủ tướng mới của Việt Nam sau Đại hội Đảng khóa XIII. Đến ngày 30 tháng 01 năm 2021, tại phiên bầu cử Trung ương, ông được bầu làm Ủy viên chính thức Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam khoá XIII. Ngày 31, tại phiên họp đầu tiên của Trung ương Đảng khóa XIII, ông được bầu làm Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam khóa XIII.
Aborsi
Authors: Putri Najaz Aurora
Published: February 2021

Aborsi sesuatu yang dianggap sebagai sebuah tindakan kriminal dimana terjadinya pembunuhan, tetapi walaupun demikian pada perkembangannya dari waktu ke waktu aktifitas aborsi semakin mengalami peningkatan yang sangat tinggi khususnya dikalangan para remaja. Bagi para remaja yang terdapat di kota-kota besar, aborsi merupakan sesuatu hal yang dianggap biasa karena hampir setiap harinya berita tentang aborsi muncul di media elektronik maupun di media cetak. Sedangkan para remaja yang berada di desa atau yang tinggal di desa maupun juga di kota-kota kecil belum tentu tidak melakukan aborsi walaupun persentasenya sedikit. saat ini aborsi tidak aman (unsafe abortion) akibat kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan masih merupakan salah satu penyebab tingginya Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI).
Video games and scientific research
Authors: Ho Manh-Toan
Published: February 2021

Video games have many potentials to be a powerful educational tool. Young generations like me need to understand this possibility. More than mere entertainment, or a mere money-making business, harnessing the possibilities of video games is an exciting prospect. Can we do it?
Faktor Penyebab Kebiasaan Menonton Film Porno Pada Remaja
Authors: SANDYA VANESSA AXELIA PUTRI
Published: February 2021

Mengindentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan menonton film porno pada remaja. Dimana mereka sering melakukan aktivitas seperti menonton Film porno saat sendiri dan saat bersama temannya. Kebiasaan menonton Film Porno dapat terjadi karena banyak faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Faktor yang mempengaruhinya adalah dari internet, keluarga, teman sebaya dan diri sendiri. Karena hal seperti itu hanya akan merusak moral serta rendahnya pemahaman norma yang ada sehingga timbulnya keinginan untuk melakukan menonton Film Porno. Melihat kondisi ini dapat memenuhi kebutuhan seseorang dan ada kecenderungan kebiasaan menonton film porno dengan menggunakan segala cara agar kebutuhan tersebut dapat terpenuhi. Urutan faktor yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan menonton film porno pada remaja yaitu teman sebaya, kecanggihan teknologi, diri sendiri, adanya ketertarikan untuk menonton film porno, kurangnya sarana dan prasarana dan wadah-wadah yang menampung bakat dari remaja itu sendiri, pengaruh lingkungan, adanya pengalihan dan kurangnya bisanya memanfaatkan waktu luang, kebutuhan seksual, adanya permintaan pasangan, keluarga.
Dementia: an "enzymatic problem
Authors: Tabaee Damavandi Pardis
Published: February 2021

A report.
Kajian Laju Sendimentasi, Kualitas Air dan Kepadatan Makrobenthos di Sungai Cigintung Kabupaten Cilacap
Authors: usdiyanto
Published: February 2021

Proses sedimentasi dapat menimbulkan pendangkalan dan penurunan kualitas air serta mempengaruhi kepadatan makrobenthos. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju sedimentasi, kualitas air dan kepadatan makrobenthos di Sungai Cigintung Kabupaten Cilacap. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari – Mei 2013 dengan metode survei dan teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel fisika kimia air dan biologi ditentukan pada 5 stasiun, sampel laju sedimen diambil hanya pada bagian muara sungai yaitu stasiun 3, 4 dan 5. Berdasarkan hasil studi, nilai laju sedimentasi di stasiun 3 (8546,24 ton/hari), stasiun 4 (54386,48 ton/hari) dan stasiun 5 (44355,76 ton/hari). Hasil pengujian parameter fisik kimia air yang melebihi baku mutu air kelas II PP/82/2001 adalah TDS yang berkisar antara 24.998 – 36.458 mg/l, BOD berkisar 6 – 14 mg/l dan COD berkisar 192 – 344 mg/l. Komposisi makrobenthos yang ditemukan 9 jenis dari 2 kelas yaitu Gastropoda dan Bivalvia. Kepadatan makrobenthos berkisar antara 192 ind/m2 – 368 ind/m2 dan indeks keanekaragaman (1,844 - 1,709) 1 < H’ < 3 berarti keanekaragaman makrobenthos kategori sedang.
KRITERIA ASAS PERADILAN YANG BAIK
Authors: SALIM MUHAMAD FIQHAN
Published: February 2021

Asas-asas hukum Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara yang menjadi karakteristik hukum acara Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara di antaranya sebagai berikut: Asas praduga rechtmatig (vermoden van rechtmatigheid, praesumtio iustae causa) Asas praduga rechtmatig adalah gugatan tidak menunda atau menghalagi dilaksanakannya keputusan badan atau pejabat Tata Usaha Negara yang digugat (pasal 67 ayat (1) Undangundang no 5 tahun 1986; Asas pembuktian bebas, Hakim yang menetapkan beban pembuktian. Hal ini berbeda dengan ketentuan 1865 BW. Asas ini dianut oleh pasal 101 UU No 5 tahun 1986, hanya saja masih dibatasi ketentuan pasal 100. Asas keaktifan Hakim (dominus Litis). Keaktifan kekuatan mengikat kedudukan para pihak karena tergugat adalah pejabat Tata Usaha Negara sedangkan penggugat adalah orang atau badan hukum perdata. Penerapan asas ini antara lain terdapat dalam ketentuan pasal 58,63 ayat (1) dan (2), pasal 80 dan pasal 85. Asas putusan Peradilan memiliki kekutan mengikat “erga omnes “. Sengketa TUN adalah sengketa hukum public. Dengan demikian putusan pengadilan berlaku bagi siapa saja, tidak hanya bagi para pihak yang bersangkutan. Dalam rangka ini kiranya ketentuan pasal 83 tentang intervensi bertentangan dengan asas erga omnes.Asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik sebagai berikut: Asas kepastian hukum (principle of legal security); Asas keseimbangan (principle of proportionality); Asas kesamaan dalam mengambil keputusan (principle of equality); Asas bertindak cermat (principle of carffulness); Asas motivasi untuk setiap keputusan (principle of motivation); Asas tidak mencampuradukan kewenangan (principle of competence); Asas permainan yang layak (principle of fair play); Asas keadilan dan kewajaran (principle of reasonable or prohibition of arbitrariness); Asas kepercayaan dan menanggapi pengharapan yang wajar (principle of meeting raised expectation); Asas meniadakan akibat suatu keputusan yang batal (principle of undoing the concequences of an annulled decision); Asas perlindungan atas pandangan atau cara hidup pribadi (principle of protecting the personal may of life); Asas kebijaksanaan (sapientia); Asas penyelenggaraan kepentingan umum (principle of public service).Asas-asas yang menjadi landasan dalam mekanisme atau bekerjanya sistem peradilan pidana adalah sebagai berikut : Asas Legalitas (Legality Principle), Asas Kelayakan atau Kegunaan (Expediency Principle), Asas Prioritas (Priority Principle), Asas Proporsionalitas (Proporsionality Principle), Asas Subsidair (Subsidairity Principle), Asas Kesamaan di Depan Hukum (Equality Before The Law)
DACT1 is a differentially expressed gene in brain metastatic human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that dishevelled binding antagonist of beta catenin 1, encoded by DACT1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. DACT1 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of DACT1 in primary tumors was correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of DACT1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Unethical evolution of social entities
Authors: Mayorga Luis S
Published: February 2021

Complex modern societies require an extended network of specialized workers and organizations (social entities) that play an active role in satisfying the demands of the community. Social entities compete with each other for specific resources (e.g., commercial companies for customers, politicians for votes, TV programs for rating, scientists for funding) with rules that mimic Darwinian natural selection. Social entities explore the landscape of possible strategies to survive (variation principle). Unsuccessful entities disappear as the winning ones drain the available resources (fitness principle). Fruitful strategies are copied and improved by competing entities (heredity principle). The struggle for resources forces the entities to explore all sorts of strategies that do not always follow ethical principles. Without clear limitations to the acceptable survival tactics, entities will explore fruitful unethical approaches depleting the available resources. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the elaboration of ethical codes for each specific social entity to limit the available strategies for competition.
Human-Machine Collaborative Video Coding Through Cuboidal Partitioning
Authors: Ahmmed Ashek , Paul Manoranjan , Murshed Manzur , Taubman David
Published: February 2021

Video coding algorithms encode and decode an entire video frame while feature coding techniques only preserve and communicate the most critical information needed for a given application. This is because video coding targets human perception, while feature coding aims for machine vision tasks. Recently, attempts are being made to bridge the gap between these two domains. In this work, we propose a video coding framework by leveraging on to the commonality that exists between human vision and machine vision applications using cuboids. This is because cuboids, estimated rectangular regions over a video frame, are computationally efficient, has a compact representation and object centric. Such properties are already shown to add value to traditional video coding systems. Herein cuboidal feature descriptors are extracted from the current frame and then employed for accomplishing a machine vision task in the form of object detection. Experimental results show that a trained classifier yields superior average precision when equipped with cuboidal features oriented representation of the current test frame. Additionally, this representation costs 7% less in bit rate if the captured frames are need be communicated to a receiver.
Essentializing Inferences
Authors: Ritchie Katherine
Published: February 2021

Predicate nominals (e.g., ‘is a female’) seem to label or categorize their subjects, while their predicate adjective correlates (e.g, ‘is female’) merely attribute a property. Further, predicate nominals elicit essentializing inferential judgments about inductive potential as well as stable explanatory membership. Semantic data and research from developmental and cognitive psychology support that this distinction is robust and productive. I argue that while the difference between predicate nominals and predicate adjectives is elided by standard semantic theories, it ought not be. I then develop and defend a psychologically motivated semantic account that takes predicate nominals to involve attributing kind membership and to trigger a presupposition that underpins our essentialist judgments.
Sampling bias is an evaluator’s worst foe: A research note on an evaluation study of predictors for success in medical school
Authors: Voracek Martin
Published: February 2021

Frischenschlager, Haidinger, and Mitterauer (FHM hereafter) reported an evaluation study of predictors for success in Austrian medical undergraduates (Croat Med J. 2005;46:58-65). Since most of the international literature on medical education topics still comes from the USA and the UK, in principle this Central European contribution is much needed and to be welcomed. However, several obvious and grave study limitations make the data and findings of FHM markedly less useful than the authors suggest. Relatedly, in the current absence of other Austrian studies on that topic it is foreseeable that the FHM evidence could be used to inform policy decisions in regards to medical education issues in Austria and, possibly so, elsewhere in Central Europe. I strongly opine that, due to the study’s design deficiencies, this should be avoided. The main purpose of the present comment is therefore to elucidate the shortcomings of this study as well as to stimulate further discussion and research.
Modeling the mind: Assessment of if…then… profiles as a window to shared and idiosyncratic psychological processes
Authors: Zayas Vivian , Lee Randy T. , Shoda Yuichi
Published: February 2021

People’s behavior is characterized by stable if…then… profiles, or if in x situation then behavior a, but if in y situation then behavior b. But how do researchers conceptualize and measure if…then… profiles? Drawing from Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS) theory, we discuss recent developments in assessing if…then… profiles, and how such profiles can provide a window for elucidating key aspects of the underlying personality system. Specifically, the Highly-Repeated Within-Person (HRWP) approach assesses how a behavior varies as a function of key features in a situation, and operationalizes if…then… profiles as regression betas. We illustrate how the HRWP approach can be applied to data from often-used social cognitive tasks, wherein an individual is exposed to a large number of situations that differ on a dimension that has been experimentally-manipulated by the researcher, and their behaviors to the situations are tracked. The HRWP approach allows researchers to more precisely assess a given individual’s if…then… pattern, make stronger causal inferences about a given individual’s personality system, and empirically investigate, rather than simply assume, if there are meaningful differences between individuals in the causal processes.
People Prefer Politicians with Matching Implicit Motives: A Study on the Achievement and Affiliation Motives
Authors: Strick Madelijn , Bijleveld Erik
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveFor centuries, researchers have been interested in the factors determining political preference. These four studies tested the prediction that a match between political leaders’ and voters’ implicit motives – i.e., non-conscious tendencies to strive for particular social rewards – predicts the appeal of leaders.MethodWe used student samples in all studies (Study 1a: N = 100; Study 1b: N = 52; Study 2: N = 72; Study 3: N = 62). We assessed two implicit motives: (a) the achievement motive, which refers to striving for excellence, and (b) the affiliation motive, which refers to striving for social harmony. Correlational analyses and polynomial regression with response surface analysis were used to assess the relation between implicit motives and political preference.ResultsParticipants were more likely to positively evaluate and vote for politicians whose speeches indicated a motive profile that matched their own implicit motives. Thus, people who are relatively achievement-motivated prefer relatively achievement-motivated candidates, and participants who are relatively affiliation-motivated prefer relatively affiliation -motivated candidates. Conversely, explicitly measured motives did not have these predictive effects.ConclusionsThese results indicate that individual differences in implicit motives play a significant role in political preference.
Tax Revenue Productivity on Nepalese Economy
Authors: Sah Binod
Published: February 2021

This paper seeks to examine the productivity of Tax Revenue (TR) in the Nepalese economy. It, therefore, analyzes the impact of TR on GDP in aggregate level. This study adopts explanatory research design and attempts to determine the relationship between TR and the GDP. Exchange rate, market capitalization money supply and government spending being the intervening variables included in the model. In order for the specification of a model of co integrated regression model with a time series data of the variables are employed for the study period of 20 years, from 1999/2000 to 2018/19. The values of all the variables are converted into real price (constant price) by GDP deflator. The GDP deflator and CPI year 2013/14 have been assumed equivalent to the base year 2013/14 according to Nepalese fiscal year. Since it is observed that residuals are not normally distributed, autocorrelation and multi-co linearity problem in the model, it is necessary to improve the non-normal distribution, autocorrelation and multi-co linearity problem in the model. Therefore, the data are transposed into first difference and run the model with error correction model (ECMt-n). The R2 shows that the explanatory power of the model, indicating that the variation of GDP is explained to the extent of 81 percent variation of the independent variable included in the model. The estimated coefficient of TR in error correction model shows that one percent point rise in TR has led to0.17645 percent point increase in real GDP in short run, whereas it is found 0.21364 percent point in the long-run. This is supported by (World bank, 2003, 2007, 2018) using a large sample of developing countries observed over the period 1980-2006, and even after factoring in the endogeneity of tax revenue.
Assessment of Health Problems and Social Needs of Elderly in old age Homes of Biratnagar Metropolitan
Authors: Bhandari Menuka , Niroula Alweena , Chaudhary Shamila
Published: February 2021

Nepal is also witnessing the expansion of life span and hence an enhancement in the population of the elderly. In Nepal, individuals over 60 years of age are considered elderly. According to the 2011 census of Nepal, there were 2.1 million elderly inhabitants, which constitute 8.1percent of the total population in the country. Pashupati Bridrashram the only one shelter for elderly people run by the government which was established in 1976 as the first residential facility for elders. This study was conducted to assess the health and social needs of elderlyresiding at Birateshwor Briddhashram and Mahila Jagriti Briddhashram Biratnagar. Descriptive cross sectional research design has been used to describe characteristics of apopulation. There are four registered old age home in Biratnagar Metropolitan City, amongthem only two were selected purposively. Non random sampling technique has been used in which Purposive Sampling method has been adopted. Both health and social needs we reassessed using semi-structured interview schedule which consisted of multiple response questionnaire. There were fifty-seven elders, only forty were selected purposively who can give their information, twenty-four females and sixteen males were selected for interview. Most of the elders came to old age home because of lack of own shelter, sixty percent elders have no any children; mostly they were widow or widower. Majority of them had vision (60 %), walking (46%), hearing problems (33 %) and minority (10 %) have inability problems in moving extremities, difficulty in talking. Only a few elders came there because of maltreatment by their family members. The study has suggested for establishment of health post or healthcare center, provision of ambulance to meet their health needs and importance of care taker to make their life easier, provision of television, kitchen garden, temple to meet their social and spiritual needs.
Linguistic Typology of the Limbu Mundhum: A Diglossic Case
Authors: Tumbahang Mohan Kumar
Published: February 2021

This paper aims at looking into varieties of the Mundhum language and reasons for its intricacies to the Limbu natives. The study attempts to follow the qualitative research design which involves collecting non-numerical data especially the religious text or discourse for analysis and interpretation. After the related data were collected, the linguistic theory specifically linguistic typology is used to analyze, compare and interpret them. The findings ofthis study indicated that the Mundhum or the religious scripture of the Limbu community does have a specific language variety which emerges out from the diglossic situation. According to the diglossic situation, the Mundhum serves as the high variety. This high variety is employed in formal social functions and ritual performances. To the contrary, the ordinary languagevariety of Limbu is used in every day communicative purposes and this type of speech variety is considered to be low variety in the sociolinguistics' field. There are certain reasons which make it very complicated to the natives to comprehend the Mundhum. Inquisitive individual’s in the study of typological linguistics of the religious text are expected to get help from this study.
चिठी कथामा सीमान्तीयता 'Chithi' Kathama Simantiyata
Authors: पौडेल Poudel ईश्वरा Ishwara
Published: February 2021

प्रस्तुत लेख ‘चिठी’ कथामा सीमान्तीयता’ भन्ने शीर्षकमा केन्द्रित छ । यो लेख ‘चिठी’ कथाभित्र रहेको तत्कालीनसमाजको वर्ग, जाति, धर्म र सांस्कृतिक यथार्थहरू के कस्ता थिए ? भन्ने समस्यामा केन्द्रित रही विश्लेषण गर्नुयस लेखनको उद्देश्य रहेको छ । यस लेखमा सामग्रीको विश्लेषणका निम्ति निगमनात्मक विधि र तथ्यकोप्रस्तुतीकरणमा वर्णनात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यहाँ वर्गगत रूपमा उच्च वर्गले निम्न वर्गलाईसीमान्तकृत बनाएको छ । यहाँ लिङ्गगत रूपमा पुरुषवर्ग शोषक र महिलावर्ग शासित अवस्थामा छन् । जातिगतरूपमा उच्च जातिले तल्लो जातिलाई पशुवत् व्यवहार गरेको छ । यहाँ धर्मका नाममा र संस्कृतिका नाममा गरिब,महिला र तल्लो जातिलाई शासक वर्गले अपमान गरेको छ । तत्कालीन समयको समाजमा सामाजिक न्याय कायमहुन सकेको छैन भन्ने निष्कर्ष रहेको छ । ‘चिठी’ कथामा चित्रित वर्गीय समाज उच्च वर्गले तल्लो वर्गलाई विभिन्नठाउँमा नियन्त्रणमा राखेको र अधीनस्थ बनाएको छ । यहाँ जातीय रूपमा उच्च जातिको हैकम र प्रभुत्व रहेकोहुनाले त्यसको चेपुवामा निम्न जाति परेको देखिन्छ । यसबाहेक लैङ्गिक रूपमा पनि पुरुषले महिलामाथि आफ्नानियम लादेका छन् र थिचोमिचो गरेका छन् । यहाँका सीमान्तकृत पात्रहरूको अवस्था टीठलाग्दो छ र यिनीहरूमाथिल्लो जाति र वर्गको नियमन र नियन्त्रणमा पराधीन रहेको र समतामूलक समाजको निर्माण हुन नसकेकोअवस्था देखापर्छ ।
विश्वामित्र मेनका खण्डकाव्यमा द्वन्द्वविधान 'Bishwamitra Menaka' Khandakavyama Dwandhabidhan
Authors: न्यौपाने Neupane सुभाषचन्द्र Suvashchandra
Published: February 2021

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा कवि घनश्याम कँडेलको विश्वामित्र–मेनका खण्डकाव्यमा प्रयुक्त द्वन्द्वको विश्लेषण गरिएकोछ । वि.सं. २०६६ सालमा प्रकाशित पौराणिक विषयवस्तुमा आधारित विश्वामित्र–मेनका द्वन्द्वविधानका दृष्टिलेमहत्त्वपूर्ण काव्य मानिन्छ । प्रस्तुत खण्डकाव्यमा मानवीय चित्तवृत्तिमा रहेका दुई मूल प्रवृत्ति योग र भोगका बीचद्वन्द्व सिर्जना भएको छ र त्यही द्वन्द्वकै कारण काव्य आस्वादनीय र कलात्मक बन्न पुगेको छ । जीवनको अभिन्नअङ्ग बनेको भोग र जीवनबाट पलायन भई ईश्वरीय आध्यात्मिक चिन्तनमा लाग्ने योगका बीचमा सशक्त द्वन्द्वगराई यी दुवै जीवनमा अभिन्न अङ्ग भएकाले यी दुई मध्ये कुनै पनि एकको त्यागले जीवन पूर्ण बन्न सक्दैन ।जीवनको पूर्णताका लागि र यस संसारको निरन्तरताका लागि योग र भोग दुवैलाई एकसाथ लिएर हिँडेमा मात्रजीवन सार्थक हुन्छ र यसले परिपूर्णता प्राप्त गर्छ भन्ने कुरा प्रस्तुत खण्डकाव्यले अभिव्यक्त गरेको छ । यही द्वन्द्वमारुमल्लिएका पात्रहरूको मनोदशा के कस्तो छ, उनीहरू आन्तरिक र बाह्य द्वन्द्वका रूपमा कसरी तनाबयुक्त बन्नपुगेका छन् भन्ने कुराको विश्लेषण यस लेखमा गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा कवि कँडेलको विश्वामित्र–मेनकाखण्डकाव्यलाई प्राथमिक सामग्रीका रूपमा र यस खण्डकाव्यका सन्दर्भमा आएका टीकाटिप्पणी,लेख, भूमिकाआदिलाई द्वितीयक सामगी्रका रूपमा ग्रहण गरिएको छ । सामग्री विश्लेषणका क्रममा पात्रहरूमा रहेको द्वन्द्वात्मकस्थिति र त्यसका माध्यमबाट कविले प्रस्तुत गरेको दर्शन वा उद्देश्यलाई वर्णनात्मक, व्याख्यात्मक रविश्लेषणात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरी अर्थापन विधिद्वारा यस खण्डकाव्यमा प्रयुक्त सारको निरूपण गरिएको छ l
Certyfikacja biegłości języka włoskiego a potrzeby studentów szkół wyższych
Authors: Kaliska Marta
Published: February 2021

The present paper aims at presenting Italian language proficiency certificates offered by Italian universities and other institutions. A particular focus was put on such certification features which better address the university students’ needs.
The role of the brain natriuretic peptide gene polymorphism in the diagnostic use of the biomarker in myocardial dysfunction in men, residents of Podillya with comorbid essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Antoniuk Ya. O. , Gumeniuk A. F. , Sakovych O. O. , Zhebel V. M.
Published: February 2021

There is a growing interest in the early detection of signs of myocardial dysfunction, especially in comorbid patients for timely prevention of progression of disease, reducing the risk of complications, improving their quality of life. The aim of the work was to optimize the diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction in men, residents of Podillya, taking into account the plasma concentration of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and polymorphism of the corresponding gene under conditions of comorbidity of essential hypertension (EH) with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We examined 211 men: 79 persons without the signs of cardiovascular diseases, 62 patients with EH 2 and chronic heart failure (CHF) 0-I functional classes (FC) according to NYHA Classification and 70 – with EH 2 combined with T2D and CHF FC I-II. The examination included the determination of plasma concentration of BNP, the brain natriuretic peptide gene polymorphism (polymorphic locus T-381C), indices of doppler-echocardiography. The mathematical processing was performed using the standard statistical package Statistica 10. During the study, we calculated the primary statistical indicators, identified differences between groups on statistical grounds, made correlation and discriminant analysis. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) of the left ventricle (LV) was diagnosed in 45.16% of patients in the group with EH 2, and 90% in the group of comorbid patients. It was determined that men, residents of Podillya, with presence and absence of T2D, have dominating T381C genotype of the BNP gene (p>0.05). Lower plasma concentration of BNP that is peculiar for homozygous T381T genotype, in comparison with carriers of allele C of BNP gene and the average values of this biomarker in patients with DD may affect its informativeness in the diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction and requires a lower level of diagnosis. Appropriate borderline levels of BNP were determined for early diagnosis of DD in carriers of polymorphic variants of the BNP gene in men, residents of Podillya, with comorbid course of EH 2 and T2D. It is recommended to determine the genotype of the corresponding gene (polymorphic locus T-381C) and plasma level of BNP and focus on the calculated borderline levels of BNP to optimize the diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction in comorbid patients with EH 2 and T2D. For carriers of the T381T genotype it is ≥55.57 pg/ml, for carriers of the C allele (heterozygous T381C and homozygous C381C) of the BNP gene it is ≥69.13 pg/ml.