bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymeric Catalyst with Discrete Distributed Active Centers for Regulating Backbone Structure of Poly(propylene carbonate)†
Authors: Zhou Hao , Liu Shunjie , Chen Pei , Yang Liehang , Zhuo Chunwei , Gao Fengxiang , Pang Xuan , Chen Xuesi , Wang Xianhong
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Converting CO2 into valuable chemicals is an effective means to alleviate environmental pressure and the depletion of oil resources. Among them, polymers derived from the copolymerization of PO and CO2 have been widely studied because of their excellent properties. To meet the expansion of the application range of CO2‐based polymers, regulation of the CU in the polymer is imperative. Based on the understanding of the relationship between catalyst synergy and structure, we designed a new generation of polyester‐based polymeric catalysts APEPC‐R and RPEPC‐N with discretely distributed active centers to achieve the synthesis of CO2‐based polymers with regulated CU (from 50% to 90%). The discrete arrangement of catalyst active centers was demonstrated by 1H NMR and UV‐vis characterization. Benefiting from multi‐site synergy, high molecular weight (Mn > 100 kg/mol) CO2‐based copolymers with CU among 50%—90% were successfully synthesized and their properties were firstly investigated. This work not only contributes to enriching the scope of the application of CO2‐based copolymers but also provides a new platform for the development of a new generation of catalysts.
Assessment of Myocardial Viability in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy With Reduced Left Ventricular Function Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Arjomandi Rad Arian , Tserioti Eleni , Magouliotis Dimitrios E. , Vardanyan Robert , Samiotis Ilias V. , Skoularigis John , Ariff Ben , Xanthopoulos Andrew , Triposkiadis Filippos , Casula Roberto , Athanasiou Thanos
Published: July 2024

Background

We aim to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of myocardial viability assessment in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with a focus on the clinical markers of viability for each imaging modality. We also compare mortality between patients with viable myocardium and those without viability who undergo CABG.

Methods

A systematic database search with meta‐analysis was conducted of comparative original articles (both observations and randomized controlled studies) of patients undergoing CABG with either viable or nonviable myocardium, in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar, from inception to 2022. Imaging modalities included were dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET).

Results

A total of 17 studies incorporating a total of 2317 patients were included. Across all imaging modalities, the relative risk of death post‐CABG was reduced in patients with versus without viability (random‐effects model: odds ratio: 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.29–0.61; p < 0.001). Imaging for myocardial viability has significant clinical implications as it can affect the accuracy of the diagnosis, guide treatment decisions, and predict patient outcomes. Generally, based on local availability and expertise, either SPECT or DSE should be considered as the first step in evaluating viability, while PET or CMR would provide further evaluation of transmurality, perfusion metabolism, and extent of scar tissue.

Conclusion

The assessment of myocardial viability is an essential component of preoperative evaluation in patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing surgical revascularization. Careful patient selection and individualized assessment of viability remain paramount.
Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalysis: Design, Applications, and Perspectives
Authors: Feng Jing‐Dong , Zhang Wen‐Da , Gu Zhi‐Guo
Published: July 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an innovative class of crystalline porous polymers composed of light elements such as C, N, O, etc., linked by covalent bonds. The distinctive properties of COFs, including designable building blocks, large specific surface area, tunable pore size, abundant active sites, and remarkable stability, have led their widespread applications in electrocatalysis. In recent years, COF‐based electrocatalysts have made remarkable progress in various electrocatalytic fields, including the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, nitrate reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. This review begins with an introduction to the design and synthesis strategies employed for COF‐based electrocatalysts. These strategies include heteroatom doping, metalation of COF and building monomers, encapsulation of active sites within COF pores, and the development of COF‐based derived materials. Subsequently, a systematic overview of the recent advancements in the application of COF‐based catalysts in electrocatalysis is presented. Finally, the review discusses the main challenges and outlines possible avenues for the future development of COF‐based electrocatalysts.
The influence of financial and non‐financial factors on the adopting intentions of businesses towards circular business models: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Tran Tu , Nguyen‐Thi‐Phuong Anh
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the factors influencing intentions to adopt circular business models (CBMs) among businesses in Vietnam, a manufacturing hub in the region. To conduct the investigation, we developed a conceptual framework based on the behavioral theory of the firm and the resource‐based view, categorizing factors into two dimensions: financial and non‐financial. Through empirical analysis involving a survey of 291 businesses and employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM), we found that financial factors, including capital availability, expected economic benefits, and cost management competence, exert a stronger influence on the adoption of CBMs compared to non‐financial factors, such as stakeholder pressure, technology competence, and innovation competence. Furthermore, while several businesses are actively engaging in activities related to CBMs, managerial commitment towards full CBM adoption remains a prospective goal rather than an immediately actionable present reality. This study contributes in both theoretical and practical terms by addressing a critical research gap and quantifying the impact of financial and non‐financial factors on CBM adoption. Our findings offer valuable insights for businesses and policymakers, facilitating the promotion of circular economy and sustainable development.
How does corporate environmental culture enable the eco‐innovation transition of firms towards the circular economy?
Authors: Kiefer Christoph P. , Carrillo‐Hermosilla Javier , del Río Pablo
Published: July 2024

There is a widespread agreement that the current linear economic system is unsustainable due to the physical boundaries of our planet and must be replaced by a circular one, that is, by a circular economy (CE). Previous studies have theoretically proposed that eco‐innovations (EIs), or innovations that reduce the environmental impacts of consumption and production processes, are a key element to improve the circular use of resources. However, the analysis of the drivers of such a transition to a CE through EI, particularly at the micro‐level of firms, has not received attention in the past. The aim of this paper is to cover this gap in the literature. It quantitatively analyses the role of influencing factors (drivers and barriers) in that relationship, with a focus on the company's organisational (‘soft’) factors, rooted in organisational culture and strategy. With the help of data collected through a survey of Spanish small and medium‐sized firms in the industrial sector, a regression‐based moderation analysis is carried out. Therefore, four moderation models were defined based on organisational factors derived from the previous literature (sustainability, future, stakeholder and learning/knowledge orientation in firms. The results suggest that, indeed, two of those factors (a high level of sustainability and knowledge orientation) are particularly relevant drivers in the transition to the CE through EI. Thus, if the aim of policy makers and corporate decision makers is to increase the circularity of the economy or their firms, policies and measures should be targeted at these two factors.
Biased accumulation based on multiplexer using stochastic correlated logic
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Deng Feifei , Yao Liang , Xie Guangjun , Zhang Yongqiang
Published: July 2024

Stochastic computing is a non‐traditional computing approach that utilizes stochastic bitstreams to represent numerical values. This representation enables the implementation of circuits using basic logic gates, named stochastic circuits. This work proposes a versatile architecture with correlated input bitstreams for biased accumulation. The design offers a notable reduction in the reliance on random number generators, resulting in lower hardware costs and higher computing accuracy when compared with the existing designs. Experimental results show that the application of Gaussian smoothing has a reduction in area by at least 45% and an improvement in peak signal‐to‐noise ratio of at least 30%.
Signature of click chemistry in exosome modification for cancer therapeutic
Authors: Mukerjee Nobendu , Sonar Swarup
Published: July 2024

Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their natural ability to deliver biomolecules and traverse biological barriers. However, their limited targeting specificity and payload capacity necessitate modifications for improved therapeutic efficacy. Click chemistry, known for its high specificity, efficiency, and mild reaction conditions, offers an innovative solution for modifying exosomal surfaces. This technique enables precise attachment of targeting ligands, imaging agents, and therapeutic molecules, enhancing the targeting, delivery, and overall effectiveness of exosome‐based therapies. By addressing cancer heterogeneity, click chemistry‐modified exosomes can target diverse cancer cell populations within tumors, improving treatment specificity and reducing drug resistance. The development of copper‐free click chemistry, such as strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), minimizes toxicity, ensuring biocompatibility and safety. As research progresses, this approach holds great promise for personalized and effective cancer treatment, paving the way for next‐generation therapeutics and diagnostics.
Novel 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives of naproxen targeting EGFR: Synthesis, molecular docking studies, and cytotoxic evaluation
Authors: Alsaad Hiba N. , AL‐Jasani Baan M. , Mahmood Ammar A. Razzak , Tahtamouni Lubna H. , Saleh Khaled M. , AlSakhen Mai F. , Kanaan Sana I. , Yasin Salem R.
Published: July 2024

The close association between inflammation and cancer inspired the synthesis of a series of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives (compounds H4‐A‐F) of 6‐methoxynaphtalene. The chemical structures of the new compounds were validated utilizing Fourier‐transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques and CHN analysis. Computer‐aided drug design methods were used to predict the compounds biological target, ADMET properties, toxicity, and to evaluate the molecular similarities between the design compounds and erlotinib, a standard epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. The antiproliferative effects of the new compounds were evaluated by the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis detection by microscopy, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting, and EGFR enzyme inhibition assay. In silico analysis of the new oxadiazole derivatives indicated that these compounds target EGFR, and that compounds H4‐A, H4‐B, H4‐C, and H4‐E show similar molecular properties to erlotinib. Additionally, the results indicated that none of the synthesized compounds are carcinogenic, and that compounds H4‐A, H4‐C, and H4‐F are nontoxic. Compound H4‐A showed the best‐fit score against EGFR pharmacophore model, however, the in vitro studies indicated that compound H4‐C was the most cytotoxic. Compound H4‐C caused cytotoxicity in HCT‐116 colorectal cancer cells by inducing both apoptosis and necrosis. Furthermore, compounds H4‐D, H4‐C, and H4‐B had potent inhibitory effect on EGFR tyrosine kinase that was comparable to erlotinib. The findings of this inquiry offer a basis for further investigation into the differences between the synthesized compounds and erlotinib. However, additional testing will be needed to assess all of these differences and to identify the most promising compound for further research.
Double side passivation of phenylethyl ammonium iodide for all perovskite tandem solar cell with efficiency of 26.8%
Authors: Bi Huan , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Liang , Zhang Zheng , Kapil Gaurav , Sahamir Shahrir Razey , Baranwal Ajay Kumar , Wei Yuyao , Yang Yongge , Wang Dandan , Kitamura Takeshi , Segawa Hiroshi , Shen Qing , Hayase Shuzi
Published: July 2024

All‐perovskite tandem solar cells are regarded as the next generation of devices capable of enhancing the solar energy utilization rate. Unlike single‐junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the efficacy of tandem cells is contingent upon the performance of both the top and bottom cells. In this study, we employed a simultaneous co‐modification strategy to incorporate phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) at both the top and bottom interfaces of the perovskite film, aiming to boost the top cell's performance. Both experimental and theoretical findings indicate that PEAI not only elevates the perovskite film quality through chemical interactions but also mitigates nonradiative recombination within the device. Consequently, the efficiency of the wide‐bandgap (1.77 eV) PSCs based on nickel oxide (NiOx) attained a level of 16.5%. Simultaneously, the all‐perovskite tandem solar cells achieved an efficiency of 26.81% and demonstrated superior stability.
Nitride‐Bridged Mo−Fe−S Double‐Cubanes: Syntheses, Redox Behaviors and Comparison with their W Analogs
Authors: Qiu Shu‐Juan , Wei Jia , Zhang Hong‐Ying , Luo Yu , Zhou Xing‐Yao , Cao Xiao‐Cheng , Ling Ye‐Shuai , Han Jie , Chen Xu‐Dong
Published: July 2024

The FeMo cofactor (FeMoco) of the Mo‐dependent nitrogenase was identified as a Mo−Fe−S cluster incorporating a 2p atom in the core. The edge‐bridged double‐cubane (EBDC, [M2Fe6(μ3‐S)6(μ4‐S)2]z (M=Mo/V; z denotes charge)) clusters were demonstrated to undergo rearrangement reactions to generate the apex‐fused double‐cubane clusters ([M2Fe6(μ2‐S)2(μ3‐S)6(μ6‐S)]z) as mimics of the PN‐clusters. The introduction of 2p atoms into the core of EBDC clusters will furnish the possibility of mimicking the FeMoco structure through rearrangement. In this work, an EBDC Mo−Fe−S cluster with core nitrides, namely [(Tp*)2Mo2Fe6(μ4‐N)2S6Cl4]2− (Tp*=tris(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrazolyl)hydroborate), has been synthesized. Subsequent terminal ligand substitution has produced a series of EBDC clusters with isostructural cores. Further studies of the series of nitride‐containing EBDC clusters are focused on their structures and redox properties, as well as comparisons with their W analogs. The results indicate that the core structures of these clusters are affected by distinct hetero‐metal centers and different terminal ligands to a limited extent, but the redox behavior and redox potentials of these clusters differ significantly. This work provides us with a viable method for regulating the properties of the nitride‐containing EBDC clusters, which may be enlightening for further studies of the rearrangement reactions towards mimicking the FeMoco structure.
Optimization of governor parameters for transient process of hydropower system with two turbine units sharing a super long headrace tunnel
Authors: Guo Wencheng , Wang Li , Qu Fangle
Published: July 2024

The governor parameters affect the stability and regulation quality of hydropower system with two turbine units sharing a super long headrace tunnel (SLHT). To improve the transient process of hydropower system, this study investigates the optimization of governor parameters. First, the model of hydropower system with two turbine units sharing an SLHT is established. Second, the optimization scheme of governor parameters for transient process of hydropower system is designed by genetic algorithm. The mathematical formulation of genetic algorithm is illuminated. The implementation procedure of genetic algorithm is illustrated. Then, the optimization results of governor parameters by genetic algorithm are analyzed by illustrating the regulation quality of hydropower system under two operating conditions. Finally, the effect of asymmetrical factors on optimal governor parameters is revealed. The asymmetrical layout of bifurcated penstocks, asymmetrical layout of turbine units, and asymmetrical load disturbances are considered. The results indicate that the objective function of hydropower system is composed of the dynamic indexes for frequency oscillations of two turbine units and water level oscillation in surge tank. The fitness function evolves in the direction that makes the regulation quality of hydropower system become better. Under the symmetrical or asymmetrical bifurcated penstocks, turbine units, and load disturbances, the optimal parameters of governors are asymmetrical. The regulation quality of hydropower system under the governor parameters of genetic algorithm is obviously better than that under the governor parameters of Stein formula. The optimal governor parameters are directly affected by the asymmetrical factors of hydropower system. With the increase of the flow inertia of one bifurcated penstock, the optimal parameters of the other governor become greater.
Quantum‐safe Lattice‐based mutual authentication and key‐exchange scheme for the smart grid
Authors: Shekhawat Hema , Gupta Daya Sagar
Published: July 2024

The smart grid network (SGN) is expected to leverage advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) to enable effective delivery and monitoring of energy. By integrating communication, computing, and information tools like smart sensors and meters to facilitate the process of monitoring, predictions, and management of power usage, the SGN can improve competence of power‐grid architecture. However, the effective deployment of IoT‐powered SGNs hinges on the deployment of strong security protocols. With the advent of quantum computers, classic cryptographic algorithms based on integer factorization and the Diffie‐Hellman assumptions may not be suitable to secure the sensitive data of SGNs. Therefore, in this paper, a secure quantum‐safe mutual authentication and key‐exchange (MAKe) mechanism is proposed for SGNs, that make use of the hard assumptions of small integer solution and inhomogeneous small integer solution problems of lattice. The proposed protocol is intended to offer confidentiality, anonymity, and hashed‐based mutual authentication with a key‐exchange agreement. Similarly, this scheme allows creation and validation of the mutual trust among the smart‐meters (SMs) and neighbourhood‐area network gateway over an insecure wireless channel. A random oracle model is then used to perform the formal security analysis of the proposed approach. A thorough formal analysis demonstrates proposed algorithm's ability to withstand various known attacks. The performance analysis shows that the proposed approach outperforms other comparative schemes with respect to at least 22.07% of minimal energy utilization, 51.48% effective storage and communications costs, as well as 76.28% computational costs, and thus suitable for resource‐constrained SGNs.
Stage‐adapted treatment of HIV‐associated Hodgkin lymphoma: Long‐term results of a prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Hentrich Marcus , Müller Markus , Wyen Christoph , Pferschy Anna , Jurinovic Vindi , Siehl Jan , Rockstroh Jürgen K. , Schürmann Dirk , Hoffmann Christian ,   for the German HIV‐Related Lymphoma Study Group
Published: July 2024

Results of a prospective study of stage‐adapted treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated Hodgkin lymphoma (HIV‐HL) showed a 2‐year overall survival (OS) of 90.7% with no significant difference between early favorable (EF), early unfavorable (EU), and advanced HL. Patients with EF HIV‐HL received two to four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) + 30 Gy involved field (IF) radiation, those with EU HIV‐HL received four cycles of ABVD or BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) baseline + 30 Gy IF, and six to eight cycles of BEACOPP baseline were administered in advanced disease. The objective of the present analysis is to determine long‐term outcomes of HIV‐HL. Of 108 patients, 23 (21%) had EF HL, 14 (13%) had EU HL, and 71 (66%) had advanced‐stage HL. After a median follow‐up of 9.14 (range, 0–12.9) years, there were five primary refractory HL patients (5%) and 11 relapses (10%), of which seven were late relapses (>2 years). A second primary malignancy (SPM) occurred in 10 patients after a median of 7.3 years (range, 1.5–10.7) from HL diagnosis. The 10‐year OS for patients with EF, EU, and advanced HL was 95.7%, 84.6%, and 76.1%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, Center for Disease Control and Prevention category C (hazard ratio [HR] 3.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–7.74, p = 0.023) and achievement of complete remission were significant for OS (HR 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01–0.08, p = 2.45 × 10−9). In conclusion, a stage‐adapted treatment approach for HIV‐HL is highly effective with long‐term survival rates similar to those reported in HIV‐uninfected HL. However, the risk for late relapse and SPM is significant.
An electrophysiological correlate of sleep in a shark
Authors: Lesku John A. , Libourel Paul‐Antoine , Kelly Michael L. , Hemmi Jan M. , Kerr Caroline C. , Collin Shaun P. , Radford Craig A.
Published: July 2024

Sleep is a prominent physiological state observed across the animal kingdom. Yet, for some animals, our ability to identify sleep can be masked by behaviors otherwise associated with being awake, such as for some sharks that must swim continuously to push oxygenated seawater over their gills to breathe. We know that sleep in buccal pumping sharks with clear rest/activity cycles, such as draughtsboard sharks (Cephaloscyllium isabellum, Bonnaterre, 1788), manifests as a behavioral shutdown, postural relaxation, reduced responsiveness, and a lowered metabolic rate. However, these features of sleep do not lend themselves well to animals that swim nonstop. In addition to video and accelerometry recordings, we tried to explore the electrophysiological correlates of sleep in draughtsboard sharks using electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography, and electrooculography, while monitoring brain temperature. The seven channels of EEG activity had a surprising level of (apparent) instability when animals were swimming, but also when sleeping. The amount of stable EEG signals was too low for replication within‐ and across individuals. Eye movements were not measurable, owing to instability of the reference electrode. Based on an established behavioral characterization of sleep in draughtsboard sharks, we offer the original finding that muscle tone was strongest during active wakefulness, lower in quietly awake sharks, and lowest in sleeping sharks. We also offer several critical suggestions on how to improve techniques for characterizing sleep electrophysiology in future studies on elasmobranchs, particularly for those that swim continuously. Ultimately, these approaches will provide important insights into the evolutionary confluence of behaviors typically associated with wakefulness and sleep.
The sensitivity analysis using adjoint method in numerical modeling of electric potential distribution of the transmission lines
Authors: Paganotti André Luiz , Saldanha Rodney Resende , Lisboa Adriano Chaves , Afonso Márcio Matias , Duane Bell Abrão Marques
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a new methodology for sensitivity analysis evaluation, fast and with high precision of the electric potential distribution near the transmission lines (TL's). The TL is modeled by the finite element method and the sensitivity of the cable positions is obtained using the adjoint method. The sensitivity of the objective function during the optimization process by using methods based on gradient information is obtained by using the adjoint method. The exact sensitivity obtained by the adjoint method concerning the numeric model of the TL's results in new geometries of the bundles conductors with high surge impedance loading. These geometries are not possible to get using analytic models. The sensitivities of a large number of conductors by phase are obtained with high precision and very low computational cost using adjoint sensitivities, which are independent of the number of design variables. The central finite difference method is used to calculate the sensitivities and to validate the adjoint method. With this methodology, the FEM model of the TL can be used during the optimization process without compromising the required computational processing time.
Assessing drought in Turkish basins through satellite observations
Authors: Ozcelik Ceyhun , Yilmaz Mustafa Utku , Benli Kader
Published: July 2024

Drought occurs when there is a sustained decrease in rainfall over an extended period, impacting the socio‐cultural and environmental aspects of humans and other living beings. The geographic distribution and timing of droughts play a crucial role in drought management and mitigation strategies. Identifying and predicting the onset of droughts in specific regions, especially in watershed areas, is a primary concern in the field of hydrology. This study focuses on how the spatiotemporal patterns of drought are developing in Turkish Basins using detailed data on Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS), precipitation, and temperature at the pixel level. GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), PERSIANN (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks), and WorldClim (World Climate) data sets are employed to assess long‐term changes of drought on a basin‐scale. Spatial analyses are conducted in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment for the derivation of basinal monthly mean, minimum, and maximum statistics of TWS, precipitation, and temperature anomalies within Turkish Basins. Time series analyses are implemented to investigate the temporal evolution of droughts in these basins, for the basinal monthly mean, minimum, and maximum statistics obtained. The Mann–Kendall trend test and Pettitt change point detection tests are used to assess the statistical significance of the calculated trends and to expose the existence of any change point therein, respectively. The findings of the study indicate that Turkiye faces a significant risk of drought development in nearly all its basins, particularly after 2016. The GRACE dataset provides realistic insights into the temporal behaviour of hydrological droughts. PERSIANN is effective in identifying years with extreme meteorological conditions, and the standardized precipitation index (SPI) shows similar effectiveness, while they are ineffective in exposing significant trends due to the nature of the precipitation data. WorldClim data proves insufficient for modelling the temporal behaviour of droughts in these basins.
Access to Sudden Hearing Loss Care at Urgent Care Centers
Authors: Haleem Afash , Rosenthal Zachary , Lee Daniel J.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To compare patient access to urgent care centers (UCCs) with a diagnosis of sudden hearing loss based on insurance.

Methods

One hundred twenty‐five random UCCs in states with Medicaid expansion and 125 random UCCs in states without Medicaid expansion were contacted by a research assistant posing as a family member seeking care on behalf of a patient with a one‐week history of sudden, unilateral hearing loss. Each clinic was called once as a Medicaid patient and once as a private insurance (PI) patient for 500 total calls. Each phone encounter was evaluated for insurance acceptance and self‐pay price. Secondary outcomes included other measures of timely/accessible care. Chi‐square/McNemar's tests and independent/paired sample t‐tests were performed to determine whether there were statistically significant differences between expansion status and insurance type. Calls ended before answering questions were not included in the analysis.

Results

Medicaid acceptance rate was significantly lower than PI (68.1% vs. 98.4%, p < 0.001). UCCs in Medicaid expansion states were significantly more likely to accept Medicaid (76.8% vs. 59.2%, p = 0.003). The mean wage‐adjusted self‐pay price was significantly greater in states with Medicaid expansion at $169.84 than in states without at $145.34 when called as a Medicaid patient (mean difference: $24.50, 95% Confidence Interval: $0.45–$48.54, p = 0.046). The rates of referral to an emergency department and self‐pay price nondisclosure rates were greater for Medicaid calls than for private insurance calls (8.2% vs. 0.4% and 17.4% vs. 5.8%; p < 0.001 for both).

Conclusion

Medicaid patients with otologic emergencies face reduced access to care at UCCs.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:5066–5072, 2024
Hypercomplex operator calculus for the fractional Helmholtz equation
Authors: Vieira Nelson , Ferreira Milton , Rodrigues M. Manuela , Kraußhar Rolf Sören
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we develop a hypercomplex operator calculus to treat fully analytically boundary value problems for the homogeneous and inhomogeneous fractional Helmholtz equation where fractional derivatives in the sense of Caputo and Riemann–Liouville are applied. Our method extends the recently proposed fractional reduced differential transform method (FRDTM) by using fractional derivatives in all directions. For the special separable case in three dimensions, we obtain completely explicit representations for the fundamental solution. This allows us to interpret and to understand the appearance of spatial steady‐state solutions or spatial blow‐ups of the fractional Helmholtz equation in a better way. More precisely, we were able to present explicit conditions for the parameters in the representation formulas of the fundamental solutions under which we obtain bounded or spatial decreasing steady‐solutions and when spatial blow‐ups occur. We also illustrate this with some representative numerical examples. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to recover the recently studied cases as well as the classical cases as particular limit cases within our more general setting. Using the hypercomplex operator approach also allows us to factorize the fractional Helmholtz operator and obtain some interesting duality relations between left and right derivatives, Caputo and Riemann–Liouville derivatives, and eigensolutions of antipodal eigenvalues in terms of a generalized Borel–Pompeiu formula. This factorization, in turn, allows us to tackle inhomogeneous fractional Helmholtz problems.
Non‐uniformly exponential stability for time‐varying continuous‐time linear system
Authors: Hu Xiulin , Wang Lei , Tian Youjia
Published: July 2024

Exponential stability analysis is one of the most important problems in the study of the asymptotic behavior of solutions of continuous‐time linear systems. In comparison with the classical exponential stability, weaker criteria of (strongly) non‐uniformly exponential stability for the time‐varying linear systems are derived in this paper. By a nonsingular linear state transformation, a (strongly) non‐uniformly exponentially stable system can be equivalent to a simple one with the coefficient matrix whose measure is bounded by negative constants.
Reintroduced, but not accepted: Stakeholder perceptions of beavers in Germany
Authors: Hohm Maximilian , Moesch Simon S. , Bahm Jennifer , Haase Dagmar , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Balkenhol Niko
Published: July 2024

While reintroductions of regionally extinct native species usually benefit ecosystems, reintroduced animals often struggle to locate appropriate habitats where they can establish themselves without conflict with humans. European beavers (Castor fiber) were successfully reintroduced to Germany almost 60 years ago and have reached high abundances again. As beavers can damage trees and change landscapes, they are increasingly in conflict with humans.

We investigated human perceptions of beavers in Germany using an online survey, as they are an example of a reintroduced species with an expanding population and potential conflicts with humans. We asked participants about their emotions (anger, fear, interest, joy) towards beavers and what they consider to be acceptable beaver habitats.

Of nearly 1500 survey participants, 803 (53%) were from the general public, 475 (32%) from the agricultural sector and 219 (15%) from forestry. People in these sectors had very different perspectives: beavers were positively perceived by the general public, but negatively by stakeholders working in agriculture and forestry. Independently of stakeholder groups, we also found regional differences, as participants from Bavaria—the German state with the highest beaver densities—viewed beavers more negatively than those from the rest of Germany.

Zoos and wildlife parks, as well as urban and nature conservation areas, were considered to be the most acceptable habitats for beavers, whereas survey participants did not accept private gardens and cultivated areas as beaver habitats.

We discuss the sources of negative emotions towards beavers and how ecologically suitable habitats differ from those that appear acceptable by humans. Even 60 years after their reintroduction, beavers in Germany are still being recognized as both a novelty and a nuisance. Our findings highlight the need for active beaver management and increased public engagement to enable positive coexistence between beavers and humans in Germany.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Changes in the users of the social‐ecological system around a reciprocal human‐dolphin relationship
Authors: Cantor Mauricio , Santos‐Silva Bruna , Daura‐Jorge Fábio G. , Machado Alexandre M. S. , Peterson Débora , da‐Rosa Daiane X. , Simões‐Lopes Paulo C. , Valle‐Pereira João V. S. , Zank Sofia , Hanazaki Natalia
Published: July 2024

In contrast to many contemporary negative human‐nature relationships, Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities have stewarded nature through cultural practices that include reciprocal contributions for both humans and nature. A rare example is the century‐old artisanal fishery in which net‐casting fishers and wild dolphins benefit by working together, but little is known about the persistence of the social‐ecological system formed around this cultural practice.

Here, we frame the human‐dolphin cooperative fishery in southern Brazil as a social‐ecological system based on secondary data from the scientific and grey literature. To investigate the dynamics of this system, we survey the local and traditional ecological knowledge and examine potential changes in its main component—the artisanal fishers—over time and space.

Over 16 years, we conducted four interview campaigns with 188 fishers in fishing sites that are more open (accessible) or closed (restricted) to external influence. We investigated their experience, engagement and economic dependence on dolphin‐assisted fishing, as well as the learning processes and transmission of the traditional knowledge required to cooperate with dolphins.

Our qualitative data suggest that fishers using accessible and restricted fishing sites have equivalent fishing experience, but those in more restrictive sites tend to be more economically dependent on dolphins, relying on them for fishing year‐round. The traditional knowledge on how to cooperate with dolphins is mostly acquired via social learning, with a tendency for vertical learning to be frequent among fishers using sites more restrictive for outsiders. Experience, economic dependence and reliance on vertical learning seem to decrease recently, especially in the accessible site. Our quantitative analyses, however, suggest that some of these fluctuations were not significant.

Our study outlines the key components of this social‐ecological system and identifies changes in the attributes of a main component, the users. These changes, when coupled with changes in other components such as governance and resource units (fish and dolphins), can have implications for the persistence of this cultural practice and the livelihoods of Local Communities. We suggest that continuous monitoring of this system can help to safeguard the reciprocal contributions of this human‐nature relationship in years to come.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
High DOCK1 expression identifies a distinct prognostic subgroup of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: Results of the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group AML‐05 trial
Authors: Yoshitomi Masahiro , Tsujimoto Shin‐Ichi , Ikeda Junji , Kawai Tomoko , Ohki Kentaro , Hara Yusuke , Yamato Genki , Tanoshima Reo , Tomizawa Daisuke , Shimada Akira , Horibe Keizo , Adachi Souichi , Taga Takashi , Tawa Akio , Hayashi Yasuhide , Ito Shuichi , Shiba Norio
Published: July 2024

Background

The molecular pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was dramatically clarified over the latest two decades. Several important molecular markers were discovered in patients with AML that have helped to improve the risk stratification. However, developing new treatment strategies for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is crucial due to its poor prognosis.

Procedure

To overcome this difficulty, we performed an assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC‐seq) in 10 AML patients with various gene alterations. ATAC‐seq is based on direct in vitro sequencing adaptor transposition into native chromatin, and is a rapid and sensitive method for integrative epigenomic analysis. ATAC‐seq analysis revealed increased accessibility of the DOCK1 gene in patients with AML harboring poor prognostic factors. Following the ATAC‐seq results, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure DOCK1 gene expression levels in 369 pediatric patients with de novo AML.

Results

High DOCK1 expression was detected in 132 (37%) patients. The overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) among patients with high DOCK1 expression were significantly worse than those patients with low DOCK1 expression (3‐year EFS: 34% vs. 60%, p < .001 and 3‐year OS: 60% vs. 80%, p < .001). To investigate the significance of high DOCK1 gene expression, we transduced DOCK1 into MOLM14 cells, and revealed that cytarabine in combination with DOCK1 inhibitor reduced the viability of these leukemic cells.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that a DOCK1 inhibitor might reinforce the effects of cytarabine and other anti‐cancer agents in patients with AML with high DOCK1 expression.
Characteristics and degradability of laser print waste paper fiber reinforced PLA resin matrix composite materials
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Chang Xing , Xu Long , Huang Maocai , Zuo Liyuan , Cao Jing , Wu Yali , Li Xin , Yang Menghao , Gao Limin , Bo Xiangfeng
Published: July 2024

As is well known, Laser print paper is usually produced with high‐quality chemical wood pulp. The laser print waste paper fiber (LPWF) is a high‐quality secondary fiber, and the research and development of high‐value utilization technology for laser print waste paper has attracted much attention in the field of renewable resource recycling. In this study, LPWF was used to reinforce poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites in the field, and the composites were modified with bioenzyme, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and nano‐silicon carbide (Nano‐SiC) to enhance the interfacial compatibility of LPWF/PLA composites. The study systematically investigated the effects of various modification methods on the characteristics and degradability of composites made from laser print waste paper fiber reinforced PLA resin matrix. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites treated with CPAM and Nano‐SiC were significantly improved, with tensile strengths of 54.3 and 59.5 MPa, and flexural strengths of 85.1 and 91.5 MPa, respectively, and the water absorption of the composites was reduced after the modification treatment, while the thermal stability was improved. The degradation performance of the composites in various water environments indicated that the inclusion of LPWF accelerated the water degradation rate of the composites, with the maximum degradation rate of the composite reaching 1.26% in 30 days.

Highlights

Laser print waste paper is an excellent quality recyclable fiber resource.

Four modifiers were used to modify LPWF/PLA composites.

Characteristics and degradability of the composites were investigated.

Significantly improved properties of CPAM and Nano‐SiC modified composites.

The degradation rate of composites is increased by the addition of LPWF.
An experimental and computational investigation of discharge mode transitions in a partially magnetized radio frequency capacitively coupled oxygen discharge
Authors: Liu Jia‐Rui , Wang Xiao‐Kun , Wang Li , Zhao Kai , Liu Yong‐Xin , Song Yuan‐Hong , Wang You‐Nian
Published: July 2024

A magnetized capacitively coupled oxygen plasma was studied synergistically using phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy and particle‐based kinetic simulation. Discharge mode transitions from ambipolar mode into drift mode and finally into α mode induced by increasing the magnetic field were observed at different driving frequencies and different electrode gaps. The simulation results demonstrate that the discharge operating in the same mode exhibits a similar degree of electronegativity. By increasing driving frequency or electrode gap, the same discharge mode transition tends to occur at a lower magnetic field, and, meanwhile, the high electric field and electron power absorption shift from the bulk region to the sheath edge.
SiO2‐GaN Interface Improvement by Wet Cleaning and In Situ Annealing for GaN MOS Transistors
Authors: Henn Mirjam , Ziegler Johannes , Huber Christian , Rodriguez‐Alvarez Humberto , Kaminski Nando
Published: July 2024

Herein, ex situ wet cleaning and in situ high‐temperature annealing of GaN surfaces prior to low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) of the SiO2 gate oxide, aiming at effective SiO2‐GaN interface engineering for channel improvement of metal–oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors, are investigated. Additionally, the combination of in situ annealing and gate oxide deposition in an LPCVD tool provides the advantage of an industrially preferred batch process. A strong impact of the pretreatments on the interface state density and flatband voltage of the fabricated n‐type GaN MOS capacitors is demonstrated. Combined HF wet cleaning and NH annealing result in a low peak interface state density and a close to ideal C–V curve with a nearly ideal flatband voltage . Furthermore, the I–V characteristics exhibit a positive voltage shift of the current onset and substantially reduced I‐V hysteresis, i.e., negligible temporary charging. Physical root causes are assumed to be reduced contamination due to nondestructive yet efficient HF cleaning combined with subsequent high temperatures and the reduction of near‐interface, quasi‐permanent traps due to the saturation of dangling bonds by the annealing in hydrogen‐containing atmosphere.
Creating a digital approach for promoting physical activity in pediatric pulmonary hypertension: A framework for future interventions
Authors: Avitabile Catherine M. , Mota Jena P. , Yeaman Kiley M. , Andrieux Sybil J. , Lechtenberg Lara , Escobar Emma , Chuo John , Xanthopoulos Melissa S. , Faig Walter , O'Malley Shannon M. , Ford Elizabeth , McBride Michael G. , Paridon Stephen M. , Mitchell Jonathan A. , Zemel Babette S.
Published: July 2024

Children with pulmonary hypertension (PH) often demonstrate limited exercise capacity. Data support exercise as an effective nonpharmacologic intervention among adults with PH. However, data on exercise training in children and adolescents are limited, and characteristics of the optimal exercise program in pediatric PH have not been identified. Exercise programs may have multiple targets, including muscle deficits which are associated with exercise limitations in both adult and pediatric PH. Wearable accelerometer sensors measure physical activity volume and intensity in the naturalistic setting and can facilitate near continuous data transfer and bidirectional communication between patients and the study team when paired with informatics tools during exercise interventions. To address the knowledge gaps in exercise training in pediatric PH, we designed a prospective, single arm, nonrandomized pilot study to determine feasibility and preliminary estimates of efficacy of a 16‐week home exercise intervention, targeting lower extremity muscle mass and enriched by wearable mobile health technology. The exercIse Training in pulmONary hypertEnsion (iTONE) trial includes (1) semistructured exercise prescriptions tailored to the participant's baseline level of activity and access to resources; (2) interval goal setting fostering self‐efficacy; (3) real time monitoring of activity via wearable devices; (4) a digital platform enabling communication and feedback between participant and study team; (5) multiple avenues to assess participant safety. This pilot intervention will provide information on the digital infrastructure needed to conduct home‐based exercise interventions in PH and will generate important preliminary data on the effect of exercise interventions in youth with chronic cardiorespiratory conditions to power larger studies in the future.
A case of treatment for pulmonary infection caused by multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Guo Chenxia , Xu Shaohua , Yan Wei
Published: July 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii is a major pathogen in hospital‐acquired infections notorious for its strong acquired resistance and complex drug resistance mechanisms. Owing to the lack of effective drugs, the mortality rate of extensively drug‐resistant A. baumannii pneumonia can reach as high as 65%. This article analyzes a case where a combination of cefoperazone‐sulbactam, polymyxin B, and minocycline with rifampicin successfully treated XDR‐AB pulmonary infection. Combination therapy is effective and has a particular clinical value.