bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Patients’ Perspectives on Being Offered HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Services in an Urban ED
Authors: Solnick Rachel E , Gonzalez-Argoti Tatiana , Bauman Laurie J. , Rael Christine Tagliaferri , Mantell Joanne E. , Calderon Yvonne , Cowan Ethan , Hoffman Susie
Published: February 2025

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is underutilized in the United States. Emergency Departments (EDs) can be strategic locations for initiating PrEP; however, knowledge concerning patients’ receptivity to ED PrEP programs is limited. This study explores ED patients’ perspectives on PrEP service delivery and their preferences for implementation. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 potentially PrEP-eligible ED patients to examine their receptiveness to PrEP services, preferences for delivery methods, and logistical considerations. Most participants were open to learning about PrEP in the ED, provided it did not delay care, occur during distress, or compromise privacy. Universal PrEP education was viewed as reducing stigma and increasing awareness, while targeted screening was seen as efficient. Participants strongly preferred receiving information in person rather than via videos or pamphlets. Concerns included ensuring ED staff expertise and maintaining privacy during PrEP-related discussions. Regarding same-day PrEP versus prescriptions or referrals, opinions varied, with participants valuing flexibility and linkage to care. This first qualitative study of ED patients’ perspectives on PrEP services highlights general receptiveness, with key concerns about privacy, expertise, and wait times. Patient-centered approaches, including integrating PrEP services into ED workflows, offering flexible initiation options, and providing privacy, can support the feasibility of ED-based PrEP programs.
Seasonal changes in coat colour and sexual size dimorphism in a subtropical ungulate
Authors: Perroux Tania A. , McElligott Alan G. , Hodgson George M. W. , Flay Kate J.
Published: February 2025

Phenotypes reflect how organisms adapt to their environments. Hong Kong (HK) feral cattle, a crossbreed ofBos taurus taurusandBos taurus indicus, present an opportunity to study these adaptations in one of the very few global cattle populations not directly controlled by humans. These cattle are free-ranging since their release from farms in the 1970’s. HK has a subtropical climate, characterized by high humidity and temperatures during the wet season, and scarce precipitation during the dry season. We studied seasonal coat colour changes in HK feral cattle, and sexual dimorphism in body size and horn length. We provide the first evidence of seasonal changes in coat colour in cattle, with paler coats being more common in the wet season, while darker coats prevailed in the dry season. These seasonal changes were influenced by temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and body condition. We found that males were larger and had longer horns than females. Our results show a male-biased sex dimorphism in the HK feral cattle. Additionally, our findings suggest that thermoregulation costs drive colouration in these cattle. The phenotypic plasticity we demonstrate in these subtropical feral cattle improves our knowledge of the adaptations of ungulates to their habitat.
Learning From the Past: Medical School Experiences Predict Meaning in Work and Imposter Phenomenon Among Residents
Authors: Carpenter Kelsey M. , Falco Christopher M. , Menezes Sabrina , Diaz Jessica B. B. , Wells Jessica C. , Guldner Gregory , Siegel Jason T.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Endeavors to bolster resident well-being may benefit from a greater understanding of how associated psychological states are shaped across various stages of medical education. To this end, the current study aimed to determine if perceived psychological safety and exposure to negative aspects of the hidden curriculum during medical school predicted meaning in work and imposter phenomenon among medical residents transitioning into their new programs.

Methods

All incoming residents at a multi-institutional hospital organization were administered a survey link via email as part of a larger set of studies. Participants in this specific study (n= 237) completed measures assessing their perceptions of both positive and negative medical school experiences (i.e., psychological safety and hidden curriculum exposure) as well as their current feelings about themselves and their work (i.e., meaning in work and imposter phenomenon). Data collection took place during the summer of 2022.

Results

Perceptions of psychological safety during the last two years of medical school were positively related to meaning in work and negatively related to imposter phenomenon among incoming residents. Perceptions of exposure to negative aspects of the hidden curriculum predicted imposter phenomenon, but no link was observed between hidden curriculum exposure and meaning in work.

Discussion

Feelings related to previous learning environments (i.e., medical school) may still be relevant during the transition into residency. Next steps include exploring potential causal linkages between these variables as well as expanding the scope and operationalization of psychological states and experiences considered across time points during the medical training journey.
Developing an anatomically valid segmentation protocol for anterior regions of the medial temporal lobe for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Sadeghpour Niyousha , Lim Sydney A. , Wuestefeld Anika , Denning Amanda E. , Ittyerah Ranjit , Trotman Winifred , Chung Eunice , Sadaghiani Shokufeh , Prabhakaran Karthik , Bedard Madigan L. , Ohm Daniel T. , Artacho-Pérula Emilio , Iñiguez de Onzoño Martin Maria Mercedes , Muñoz Monica , Molina Romero Francisco Javier , Delgado González José Carlos , Jiménez María del Mar Arroyo , Rabal Maria del Pilar Marcos , Insausti Serrano Ana María , González Noemí Vilaseca , Sánchez Sandra Cebada , de la Rosa Prieto Carlos , Insausti Ricardo , McMillan Corey , Lee Edward B. , Detre John A. , Das Sandhitsu R. , Xie Long , Tisdall M. Dylan , Irwin David J. , Wolk David A. , Yushkevich Paul A. , Wisse Laura EM.
Published: February 2025

Background

The anterior portion of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is one of the first regions targeted by pathology in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Limbic-predominant Age-related TDP-43 Encephalopathy (LATE) indicating a potential for metrics from this region to serve as imaging biomarkers. Leveraging a unique post-mortem dataset of histology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans we aimed to 1) develop an anatomically valid segmentation protocol for anterior entorhinal cortex (ERC), Brodmann Area (BA) 35, and BA36 for in vivo 3 tesla (T) MRI and 2) incorporate this protocol in an automated approach.

Methods

We included 20 cases (61-97 years old, 50% females) with and without neurodegenerative diseases (11 vs. 9 cases) to ensure generalizability of the developed protocol. Digitized MTL Nissl-stained coronal histology sections from these cases were annotated and registered to same-subject post-mortem MRI. The protocol was developed by determining the location of histological borders of the MTL cortices in relation to anatomical landmarks. Subsequently the protocol was applied to 15 cases twice, with a 2-week interval, to assess intra-rater reliability with the Dice Similarity Index (DSI). Thereafter it was implemented in our in- house Automatic Segmentation of Hippocampal Subfields (ASHS)-T1 approach and evaluated with DSIs.

Results

The anterior histological border distances of ERC, BA35 and BA36 were evaluated with respect to various anatomical landmarks and the distance relative to the beginning of the hippocampus was chosen. To formulate segmentation rules, we examined the histological sections for the location of borders in relationship to anatomical landmarks in the coronal sections. The DSI for the anterior MTL cortices for the intra-rater reliability was 0.85-0.88 and for the ASHS-T1 against the manual segmentation was 0.62-0.65.

Discussion

We developed a reliable segmentation protocol and incorporated it in an automated approach. Given the vulnerability of the anterior MTL cortices to tau deposition in AD and LATE, the updated approach is expected to improve imaging biomarkers for these diseases.
Variation in exposure in neighborhoods of Dhaka, Bangladesh across different environmental pathways: The influence of human behavior on fecal exposure in urban environments
Authors: Amin Nuhu , Raj Suraja , Green Jamie , Ali Shahjahan , Haque Sabrina , Wang Yuke , Mairinger Wolfgang , Ahmed Tanvir , Joseph George , Rahman Mahbubur , Moe Christine L.
Published: February 2025

Background

Poor sanitation and fecal sludge management contribute to fecal contamination in Dhaka’s urban environment. An exposure assessment through nine-environmental pathways was conducted using the SaniPath tool to understand the risk of exposure to fecal contamination.

Methods

Data collection took place from April 2017-January 2018 in ten neighborhoods: four low-income, four high-income, and two transient/floating neighborhoods. A total of 900 environmental samples were analyzed using the IDEXX QuantiTray/2000 method with IDEXX-Colilert-24®media for the most probable number (MPN) ofE. coli. Additionally, 823 household surveys, 28 community surveys, and 35 school surveys on exposure-related behaviors were conducted. Bayesian methods were used to estimate monthlyE. coliexposure levels and population exposure percentages for each environmental pathway in the neighborhoods.

Results

Findings revealed that children (aged 5–12 years) in low-income and floating neighborhoods had more frequent contact with most environmental pathways (at least one-contact per-week or month), except surface water, compared to children in high-income neighborhoods. Dominant exposure pathways varied by neighborhood and socioeconomic status. Children experienced higher estimated monthly fecal exposure doses than adults, primarily through ingestion of contaminated municipal water (all community average=59.2%) and contact with open drains (52.3%) and surface waters (29.0%). Adults were mainly exposed via contaminated municipal water (54.2%), produce (87.0%), and street food (64.5%), which were frequently consumed.

Conclusions

These results highlight significant risks of fecal exposure across diverse urban settings in Dhaka. Integrated, multisectoral, and sustainable approaches are critical. Behavior change interventions targeting children and caregivers can further mitigate these risks and ensuring long-term public health improvements.
Association between Remnant Cholesterol and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Over 60: A Cohort Study Based on NHANES 2001-2018
Authors: YAO Jiechun , Lin Chun , Xu Qingbo , Li Guode , Lin Yan
Published: February 2025

Objective

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients face significant mortality risks, and remnant cholesterol (RC) may be a critical prognostic indicator. This study aimed to explore the association between RC and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks in CKD patients.

Methods

This prospective cohort study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2018, including 1,606 CKD patients aged over 60. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to assess the association between RC and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with multi-model adjustments and subgroup analyses.

Results

During 93.9 months of follow-up, 932 all-cause mortality events (58.0%) and 283 cardiovascular mortality events (17.6%) were observed. Each logarithmic unit increase in RC was associated with a significant 41% reduction in all-cause mortality risk (adjusted HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40-0.87, P=0.0079). Subgroup analyses revealed significantly reduced all-cause mortality risks in women (HR=0.71), hypertensive patients (HR=0.75), and type 2 diabetes patients (HR=0.66).

Conclusion

In CKD patients, RC is significantly associated with reduced all-cause mortality risk, providing a new perspective for individualized mortality risk assessment.
Efficacy of optimized multichannel vs conventional tDCS for major depression treatment: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Salehinejad Mohammad Ali , Abdi Marzieh , Dadashi Mohsen , Hallajian Amir-Homayun , Sharifi Kiomars , Khadem Ali , Salvador Ricardo , Ruffini Giulio , Nitsche Michael A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed for treating depression. While it has advantages such as affordability, home-use application and fewer side effects its clinical efficacy is not yet established. This randomized, sham-controlled trial (NCT06165445) compares efficacy of an optimized multichannel protocol vs conventional and sham tDCS for depression treatment.

Methods and Materials

Sixty patients with major depression received 30 sessions of conventional, optimized multichannel, or sham tDCS in parallel groups. In the multichannel optimized tDCS, electrical current was delivered via 7 small electrodes (1.65 mA max current per electrode, 4.0 mA total injected current per polarity) while in the conventional (2 mA max current per electrode, 2.0 mA total injected current per polarity) and sham tDCS large anodal and cathodal electrodes were used. Intervention efficacy and treatment response were evaluated before treatment and after the 10th, 20th, and 30th sessions, 1- and 3-months post-intervention. Cognitive functions and brain connectivity were also assessed.

Results

Both active tDCS groups showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared to the sham group, with the multichannel protocol demonstrating effects as early as the 10th session and achieving greater symptom alleviation than conventional tDCS. A response rate of 72.7% is observed, based on at least a 50% improvement in depressive scores from baseline at 1 month (Hedge’s g=2.80) and 3 months (Hedge’s g=2.31) post-treatment. Furthermore, the multichannel protocol improved cognitive functions and enhanced cerebral functional connectivity markers of depression pathophysiology.

Discussion

The optimized multichannel tDCS showed high efficacy for treating depression.
Dissociating the incubation of appetitive and consummatory behavior in a model of oral cocaine self-administration
Authors: Namba Mark D. , Goldberg Samuel L. , Side Christine M. , Yadlapalli Abhiram , Curran-Alfaro Christina M. , Kress Devin , Fogarty Melissa F. , Mohr Amanda L.A. , Barker Jacqueline M.
Published: February 2025

Cocaine use disorder remains a persistent public health dilemma that currently lacks effective treatment strategies. One key impediment to successful treatment outcomes is increased drug craving that occurs over the course of abstinence and subsequent relapse to drug use. This phenomenon, known as the incubation of drug craving, has been modeled extensively in rodent models of intravenous drug self-administration. As commonly implemented, the design of intravenous self-administration preclinical studies precludes disentangling appetitive and consummatory behaviors as drug seeking (appetitive) and taking (consummatory) is simultaneous. Here, we employed a model of oral cocaine self-administration to interrogate the incubation of drug vs nondrug craving, where the route of administration is identical between reinforcers and appetitive and consummatory behaviors are dissociable. Oral self-administration of cocaine produced detectable levels of cocaine and its metabolite, benzoylecgonine, within the blood and brain, and blood and brain levels of both substrates correlated with cocaine consumption. When tested for seeking-(lever pressing) and taking-related (magazine head entries) behavior after 1 or 21 days of forced abstinence from cocaine or saccharin, we observed incubation of lever pressing among cocaine-administering mice and incubation of magazine entries among saccharin-administering mice. These behavioral changes were accompanied by reduced expression of the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of cocaine self-administering mice, regardless of abstinence. Altogether, these results underscore the utility of this model of cocaine self-administration, highlight the conserved nature of incubated cocaine seeking across routes of administration, and demonstrate the dissociable neurobehavioral sequelae of the incubation of reward seeking across reinforcer types.
Non-canonical internalization mechanisms of mGlu receptors
Authors: Cimadevila M , Liu J , Maurel D , Brabet I , Hoscar M , Drube J , Hoffmann C , Inoue A , Rondard P , Lafon PA , Prézeau L , Pin JP
Published: February 2025

Cell surface density of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is tightly regulated through constitutive and agonist-induced internalization. Whereas the mechanisms of constitutive internalization remain elusive, agonist-induced internalization is accepted to involve receptor phosphorylation by GPCR kinases (GRKs), β-arrestin binding and AP2 recruitment, targeting receptors to clathrin-coated pits. Dimeric class C metabotropic glutamate (mGlu1 to 8) receptors regulate synaptic transmission but their internalization process is ambiguous. Here, we used diffusion-enhanced energy transfer (DERET) to decipher their internalization kinetics. We showed that all mGlu receptors are constitutively internalized. However, only mGlu1, 5 and 3 homodimers are agonist-induced internalized, that require neither GRKs, nor β-arrestins. In contrast, the constitutive internalization involves only β-arrestins. This systematic study further illustrates how different class C receptors are relative to most other GPCRs, revealing non-canonical internalization mechanisms. These insights in mGlu receptor dynamics will help promoting the therapeutic action of drugs targeting mGlu receptors.
Production potential of hidden-strange molecular pentaquarks through the
π−p→K*Σ
process
Authors: Wang Xiao-Yun , Gao Yuan , Liu Xiang
Published: February 2025

In this study, applying the effective Lagrangian approach, we investigate the reaction π−p→K*Σ to explore the production of the hidden-strange molecular pentaquarks Pss¯. Specifically, we analyze two scenarios, where the JP quantum numbers of Pss¯ are 3/2− and 1/2−. Our results show that the contribution from s-channel Pss¯ exchange dominates the total cross section, surpassing those from t-channel K(*) exchange and u-channel Σ exchange. Additionally, we present predictions for the differential cross section of the π−p→K*Σ process. Finally, we extend the 2-to-2 scattering process to the 2-to-3 Dalitz process and provide theoretical predictions for this scenario. Our findings suggest that the cross section for the π−p→K*Σ→K+π−Σ0 process can reach several tens of μb near the threshold, making it highly favorable for experimental measurement. However, the current scarcity of experimental data for the π−p→K*Σ reaction at threshold energy limits our ability to determine the properties of the hidden-strange molecular pentaquarks Pss¯ and related physical quantities. Therefore, additional experimental measurements of the π−p→K*Σ reaction at threshold are strongly encouraged, and correlation studies could be pursued at facilities such as J-PARC, AMBER, and upcoming HIKE and HIAF meson beam experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Imaging Orbital Vortex Lines in Three-Dimensional Momentum Space
Authors: Figgemeier T. , Ünzelmann M. , Eck P. , Schusser J. , Crippa L. , Neu J. N. , Geldiyev B. , Kagerer P. , Buck J. , Kalläne M. , Hoesch M. , Rossnagel K. , Siegrist T. , Lim L.-K. , Moessner R. , Sangiovanni G. , Di Sante D. , Reinert F. , Bentmann H.
Published: February 2025

We report the experimental discovery of orbital vortex lines in the three-dimensional (3D) band structure of a topological semimetal. Combining linear and circular dichroism in soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemission (SX-ARPES) with first-principles theory, we image the winding of atomic orbital angular momentum, thereby revealing—and determining the location of—lines of vorticity in full 3D momentum space. We determine the core of the orbital angular momentum vortex to host an almost movable, twofold, spin-degenerate Weyl nodal line, a topological feature predicted to occur in certain nonsymmorphic crystals. These results establish bimodal dichroism in SX-ARPES as a robust approach to trace 3D orbital textures. Our findings constitute the first imaging of nontrivial quantum-phase winding at line nodes and may pave the way to new orbitronic phenomena in quantum materials.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Indigenous peoples, environmental accountability and the semantic meaning of resource extraction firm disclosures
Authors: Liu Minqi , Taylor-Neu Kieran , Saxton Gregory D. , Neu Dean , Rahaman Abu S. , Everett Jeff
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The study aims to explore how Indigenous peoples and their concerns become “entextualized” within the environmental disclosures of resource extraction firms.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods content analysis of 11,850 annual information forms filed by resource extraction firms with Canadian security regulators between 1997 and 2023 is conducted. FinBERT transformer encodings, agglomerative hierarchical clustering and computer-assisted techniques are combined with inductive analyses.

Findings

The findings show that, although Indigenous peoples and their concerns have become a more important element in environmental disclosures, dominant semantic meanings tend to view Indigenous people as impediments. At the same time, the entextualizations of Indigenous peoples and their concerns sometimes escape these dominant frames. Big firms appear to be no more likely to exhibit leadership or substantively take Indigenous peoples and their concerns into account than smaller firms.

Originality/value

The study offers a longitudinal perspective on how the environment and Indigenous peoples are portrayed in corporate disclosures. The study emphasizes the need to view environmental accountability as inextricably intertwined with accountability to Indigenous peoples and also illustrates the importance of identifying the semantic meanings that are being communicated. We propose that analyzing how and why specific semantic meanings about Indigenous peoples and their concerns become entextualized provides activists and policy-makers with a starting point for improved disclosure practices and, hopefully, better resource extraction practices.
Food safety knowledge among adult consumers in Bangladesh: a COVID-19 comparative study
Authors: Ishra Rakia , Sharif Saif , Soar Jeffrey , Khanam Rasheda
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Since the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on all facets of civilisation around the world, including food safety, this study aimed to determine and compare the pre-COVID and post-COVID food safety knowledge of Bangladeshi consumers and their association with sociodemographic variables.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study performed a cross-sectional survey of 503 consumers who prepared food at least 2–4 times per week through a validated questionnaire, selected through convenience sampling from two metropolitan cities and two rural districts in Bangladesh. The non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis H and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.

Findings

Although an increased percentage of consumers showed a better level of overall food safety knowledge in the post-pandemic (38.2%) than the pre-pandemic (28.8%), there is a low level of awareness of the appropriate duration of handwashing, foodborne pathogens, consuming raw milk or eggs, safe storage and temperature control of food. University graduates, families with few children and urban consumers had a good understanding of food safety both pre- and post-pandemic.

Originality/value

This study compares consumers’ pre- and post-COVID-19 food safety knowledge previously unknown in Bangladesh. The findings have significantly contributed to existing food safety knowledge in Bangladesh to adopt policies and structure training programmes for consumers in the country.
As lonely as the moon? When and how health beliefs of COVID-19 affect mental health, life satisfaction and performance
Authors: Ayala Yarid , Tordera Nuria , Karaeminogullari Aysegul , Bayona Jaime Andrés
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Drawing on the health belief model and affective events theory, the main objectives of this study are to: (1) analyze which health beliefs about COVID-19 (probability, seriousness and worry) trigger feelings of social isolation; (2) investigate whether psychological capital buffers the escalation of social isolation and (3) analyze the role of the feelings of social isolation as a mechanism that yields drawbacks on mental health, life satisfaction and performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Data came from two waves of online surveys administered to 678 employees of a private university in Mexico.

Findings

Results of structural equation modeling showed that beliefs of worry of getting COVID-19 trigger social isolation feelings, which, in turn, yields drawbacks on mental health, life satisfaction and performance (i.e. task, creative and organizational citizenship behavior). Moreover, psychological capital buffers the increases in feelings of social isolation generated by beliefs of the COVID-19 severity.

Practical implications

This study provides insightful recommendations for handling future events that might imply social restrictions as a measure of contagion containment.

Originality/value

We contribute to Affective Events literature by linking it to the health belief model. A main criticism of affective events theory is its exogenous blindness and lack of attention to how affect reactions are triggered at work. We address this limitation by bridging health belief model and affective events theory to show what specific health beliefs of COVID-19 produce affects and behavioral reactions in employees.
Understanding software solutions in the routines of administrative employees of an oil company
Authors: Monteiro Eduardo Starling do Rego , Figueira Erick Cardoso da Silva , Rocha-Pinto Sandra Regina da
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to understand how administrative employees of an oil company perceive the role of software solutions in their routines.

Design/methodology/approach

Starting from an interpretive perspective, we used the phenomenographic method to analyze software solutions based on users’ experience, by means of 20 interviews carried out between November 2020 and May 2021.

Findings

Interviewees ranked the function of software solutions in their routines in three categories: (1) information repository; (2) orchestration mechanism and (3) guidelines for action. Four explanatory dimensions were identified: (1) artifact performance; (2) configuration between actors; (3) degree of automation and (4) accountability aspects.

Research limitations/implications

The results expand knowledge on the role of software solutions in organizations. As players consider software essential to their routines, human agency in actions tends to decrease. Furthermore, the incorporation of digital elements in routines varies, based on how actors perceive their integration, from external tools to dominant elements that shape actions.

Practical implications

Respecting the autonomy of the actors involved in automated routines; ideally, automating routine steps that add value to the process.

Originality/value

The study explores the function of software solutions in organizational routines through the phenomenographic approach, presenting different concepts of that event.
Investigations of the spinning consistency index (SCI) and its impact on yarn quality
Authors: Hossain Md Anwar , Srijan Sifat Kibria , Rinaz Kazi Rashed , Khan Siyam Quddus , Jalal Uddin Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the spinning consistency index (SCI) and its impact on yarn quality. It focuses on the relationship between SCI and the final properties of 30 Ne carded hosiery yarn. By evaluating key quality parameters, the research seeks to determine how SCI can serve as a predictive tool for optimizing yarn production.

Design/methodology/approach

The study involved producing 30 Ne carded hosiery yarn and rigorously testing its properties using the Uster Evenness Tester-5. Various quality parameters, including neps content, mass irregularity, yarn imperfections and tensile behavior, were evaluated at each processing stage.

Findings

The findings reveal that Type 1 yarn demonstrated a count strength product value approximately 15% higher than the other two types. In addition, it exhibited a CVm% that was 18% lower, highlighting reduced mass variation and enhanced uniformity. Regarding imperfections, Type 1 yarn showed a 25% reduction compared to the other two types, reflecting improved fiber spinnability and overall yarn performance.

Originality/value

This research thoroughly examines SCI’s role in yarn production, highlighting its predictive value for optimizing yarn quality. The study offers valuable insights for textile manufacturers seeking to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of their spinning processes, ultimately contributing to the development of higher-quality textile products.
Using artificial intelligence to address sexually transmitted infections during and after travel of young travellers
Authors: Christofi Anastasia , Neophytou Raphaela , Liasidou Sotiroula
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether ChatGPT could provide answers to participants' questions about their sexual health risks during and after the trip, as well as to examine whether the information provided was reliable.

Design/methodology/approach

The study included 21 young travellers by interacting with scripts to related questions and cases for health and travelling through the artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT (3.5).

Findings

The findings of the research indicate that ChatGPT can help a traveller by giving them information to prevent, recognise and address risks related to their sexual health. An indicative conclusion is the information provided by ChatGPT was adequate and correct as in the case of being provided by a health professional. In addition to the accuracy of the information provided, it shared the concerns expressed by the participants and guided them to find support, either from their doctor or from their family and friends. In addition, an important finding of the research is the digital empathy that ChatGPT demonstrated to the research participants. In particular, based on the way it responded to questions about participants' feelings, it appeared to use specific phrases that indicated empathy.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the literature by enhancing knowledge of the relationship between ChatGPT and travellers to their sexual health. The research focuses on strategies to prevent and manage a traveller’s potential STI infection, either during or after the trip, using the artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT.
Invertebrate Decline Has Minimal Effects on Oak‐Associated Microbiomes
Authors: Albracht Cynthia , Buscot François , Eisenhauer Nico , Gebler Alban , Herrmann Sylvie , Schmidt Anja , Tarkka Mika , Goldmann Kezia
Published: February 2025

Recently, biomass of invertebrates has declined substantially at many locations with the implications of this biodiversity loss for ecosystems yet unknown. Through multitrophic interactions, plant‐ and soil‐associated microbiomes might be altered, causing a cascade of changes on diverse ecosystem processes. We simulated aboveground invertebrate decline in grassland ecosystems with two levels of invertebrate biomass (36% and 100% of current ambient conditions), plus a control with no invertebrates present. Each standardised grassland mesocosm additionally contained one clonal Quercus robur L. sapling to investigate the extent of invertebrate decline effects exceeding grasslands. We investigated oak biomass partitioning and mycorrhiza formation, oak leaf transcriptome and microbiome composition of leaves, roots and rhizosphere. While invertebrate decline did not significantly affect oak performance and herbivory‐related gene expression, fungal communities presented an increase of saprotrophs and pathogens, especially in leaves. Among leaf‐inhabiting bacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased under invertebrate decline. The belowground microbiome was only little affected. But, invertebrate decline came along with a reduced influence on predators leading to an elevated aphids infestation that proofed able to alter microbiota. Our findings establish a strong difference between above‐ and belowground, with the impacts of invertebrate decline being more pronounced in the leaf microbiome.
Teaching argumentative text comprehension to secondary students with specific reading disability or low reading achievement
Authors: Kirpouiki Anatoli , Agaliotis Ioannis
Published: February 2025

We examined the efficacy of two interventions aiming to strengthen argumentative text comprehension in Greek secondary students with specific reading disability or low reading achievement of unspecified cause. The first intervention (control group, n = 29) was based on principles of systematic explicit instruction, whereas in the second one (experimental group, n = 30) the repeated reading strategy (RRS) was added. Both the control and the experimental groups included students with specific reading disability or low reading achievement. The control group received 24 lessons of 60 min each, whereas the experimental group received one extra lesson to ensure participants' familiarisation with the use of RRS. Both groups presented significantly higher achievement at post‐test than at pre‐test, as shown by measurements for which a standardised and a researcher‐made reading comprehension tool were used. The effect size of both interventions was high (control group: 0.85, experimental group: 0.81). Results are discussed in terms of the effectiveness of systematic explicit instruction in teaching argumentative text comprehension to secondary struggling readers.
Agropastoral possibilism and the trajectorial affordances of Danish inland heaths: a study of deep‐time entrapment
Authors: Caple Zachary , Løvschal Mette
Published: February 2025

History does not unfold along a single trajectory, and yet the socioecological configuration of landscapes may narrow the directions history can take. This article develops a framework for assessing the directionality of history in a (pre)historic heath landscape in Denmark. To make a living from the heaths, people concentrated the heath's limited fertility through pastoralism, swidden agriculture, and/or manuring. At different points in time, the balance of these strategies differed radically. We use this insight to evaluate the trajectorial affordances of different agropastoral regimes across the longue‐durée period c.1600 BCE‐1850 CE. Trajectorial affordances is our term for describing the historical directionalities held in potential and actuated by specific human‐landscape engagements. We use our model to interrogate the seemingly linear evolution of the nutrient‐concentrating systems from ‘simple’ herding practices of the Early Bronze Age to more ‘advanced’ manure‐based agriculture in the nineteenth century. Although the nineteenth‐century system was sophisticated, it centred on a gruelling manuring practice that unleashed destructive sand drifts. We argue this mode of agriculture arose with the gradual constriction of livelihood options associated with civilizational expansion. Our analysis grapples with the open‐ended nature of human‐landscape becoming and the dynamics of what Ian Hodder calls entrapment.
The Effects of Medicaid Coverage for School‐Based Health Services on the Supply of School‐Based Healthcare Clinics: Evidence From the “Free Care Rule” Reversal and FQHCs
Authors: Bullinger Lindsey Rose , Shi Scarlette Jiajing
Published: February 2025

Objective

To determine whether Medicaid coverage of healthcare services provided within schools affects the supply of school‐based health clinics.

Data Sources and Study Setting

We combine nationwide data spanning 2012–2020 on Federally Qualified Health Centers delivering health services within school settings with state policy information on Medicaid expansion to school‐based healthcare.

Study Design

Until 2014, the federal “Free Care Rule” restricted school‐based health centers from using Medicaid funding to provide health services unless these services were part of the student's Individual Education Plan. In 2014, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services reversed the free care rule, allowing states to opt in to authorizing Medicaid reimbursement for comprehensive health services delivered in schools to Medicaid‐enrolled students. We compared the number of federally qualified school‐based health centers in states that expanded their Medicaid policies in response to the free care rule reversal to that of states that did not expand their Medicaid programs to reimburse for school‐based health services in a staggered difference‐in‐differences analysis. We also adjusted the analysis for other important measures that may independently affect school‐based healthcare provision and funding decisions.

Data Collection

The number of health centers delivering services in schools comes from the Health Resources & Services Administration. State Medicaid coverage policy information comes from the Healthy Schools Campaign.

Principal Findings

Expanding Medicaid coverage to comprehensive school‐based healthcare increased the number of Federally Qualified Health Centers providing services in school settings by about 13.42 (p = 0.035, 95% CI: 0.94, 25.90). This increase represents a relative rise of 39%. However, these results are sensitive to specifications.

Conclusions

Local educational entities, school health providers, and public health professionals are responsive to financial incentives to provide services to Medicaid‐enrolled children within schools. Recent federal legislation has the potential to increase financial incentives and offer complementarities to prior state‐level policy changes.
Production and Utilization of Fermented Rice Bran as Animal Feed
Authors: Manlapig Jamal James D. , Matsui Hiroki
Published: February 2025

Rice bran, a byproduct of milling rice (Oryza sativa), is widely used in Asian preserved foods and the feed industry. Rich in carbohydrates, protein, fat, and various bioactive compounds, it offers significant growth and health benefits. It is commonly used as a replacement for cereals and grains as an energy source in the diet. However, its potential as animal feed is constrained by antinutritional factors and susceptibility to rancidity due to lipase activity. Recently, there has been a growing interest in fermentation to enhance rice bran's nutritional profile. It has been confirmed that fermenting rice bran could increase the proportion of crude protein and fat. Moreover, feeding fermented rice bran (FRB) improves the growth performance of food‐producing animals by increasing efficiency. These results, along with their beneficial effect on gut microbiota, may improve the overall health of food animals. In this review, we aimed to summarize the latest research on the fermentation of rice bran, focusing on the role of microorganisms and the factors influencing the quality and nutritional value of FRB. Additionally, we will explore the impact of FRB on nutrient composition and animal performance, highlighting its potential as a valuable feed ingredient.
Effects of Pomegranate Flower Extracts on Antioxidant Properties, Phenolic Content, and Quality Attributes of Nitrite Reduced Chicken Sausages
Authors: Özer Cem Okan , Var Ganime Beyzanur , Demir Özer Ezgi , Kiliç Birol
Published: February 2025

The objective of present study was to examine the potential use of pomegranate flower extracts (PFEs) obtained from water and ethanol at antimicrobial doses in nitrite‐reduced chicken sausages. The impact of the extracts on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory attributes of the sausages was evaluated using both reduced doses of nitrite and a nitrite‐free preparation. The results revealed that incorporating PFE resulted in a sixfold and twofold enhancement in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity in sausages produced with ethanol‐based PFE was more than twice as high as in sausages treated with sodium nitrite. Additionally, the combination of low‐dose nitrite with PFE showed a reduction in TBARS values, leading to the prevention of lipid oxidation. Sausages with PFE exhibited lower pH and redness values, while maintaining similar aroma and odor characteristics as the controls. Although there was a slight negative impact on texture, color, and overall acceptability, PFE can be considered a potential alternative for improving bioactive content and oxidative stability of low‐nitrite chicken sausages. The application of PFE could offer a promising opportunity to enhance the nutritional profile and quality attributes of processed meat products.
Using social psychology to create inclusive education
Authors: Easterbrook Matthew J. , Doyle Lewis , Talbot Daniel
Published: February 2025

Social psychological processes related to identities and stereotypes—such as threat, belonging uncertainty, identity incompatibility and bias—can be ignited by features and practices in educational contexts, often further disadvantaging members of minoritised or underrepresented groups. Such psychological processes are consequential and predict hard academic outcomes such as attainment and progression. Although this knowledge can be harrowing, it also gives us the power to intervene. We propose three ways in which social psychology can be used to help create more inclusive education systems: by using interventions wisely, working with teachers to collaboratively create inclusive classrooms, and by fighting bias. We offer concrete examples of how social psychology is helping to reduce educational inequalities in these ways, as well as some suggestions for the future.
Design, Hemisynthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Evaluation of Novel Totarol‐1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives as Leishmaniasis and Toxoplasmosis Agents
Authors: Boualli Ayoub , Laamari Yassine , Bimoussa Abdoullah , Ejaz Syeda Abida , Attaullah Hafiz Muhammad , Riahi Abdelkhalek , Robert Anthony , Daran Jean‐Claude , Al Nasr Ibrahim S. , Koko Waleed S. , Khan Tariq A. , Biersack Bernhard , Auhmani Aziz , Itto My Youssef Ait
Published: February 2025

Tropical parasitic diseases like leishmaniasis pose significant public health challenges, impacting millions of individuals globally. Current drug treatments for these diseases have notable drawbacks and side effects, underscoring the pressing need for new medications with improved selectivity and reduced toxicity. Through structural modifications of both natural and synthetic compounds using click chemistry, researchers have been able to produce derivatives showing promising activity against these parasites. In this study, 21 novel 1,2,3‐triazole analogues of totarol were synthesized using O‐propargylated totarol derivatives and substituted arylazide. These compounds were characterized through various analytical techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. An x‐ray crystallographic study of compounds 4 and 6 was carried out to fully establish the structure of the newly prepared totarol derivatives. All synthesized compounds were then screened in vitro for their antileishmanial activities against Leishmania major promastigotes, amastigotes, and Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites Out of the tested analogues, six compounds (7c, 8b–e, and 9 g) displayed antileishmanial activity against L. major amastigotes with IC50 17.3, 14.2, 13.1 18.2 13.2 and 17.3 μg mL−1 respectively, while only 8e gave antileishmanial activity against both promastigotes and amastigotes with IC50 11.7 and 13.2 μg mL−1 respectively. Additionally, the presence of a nitro group was correlated with enhanced antileishmanial activity. Moreover, a molecular docking study was conducted, focusing on 8e, the most active antileishmanial compound, to elucidate its putative binding pattern at the active site of the selected leishmanial trypanothione reductase target.
Value of Ultrahigh‐Resolution Photon‐Counting Detector Computed Tomography in Cardiac Imaging
Authors: Kravchenko Dmitrij , Hagar Muhammad Taha , Vecsey‐Nagy Milan , Tremamunno Giuseppe , Szilveszter Bálint , Vattay Borbála , Zsarnóczay Emese , Beke Sámuel , Maurovich‐Horvat Pál , Emrich Tilman , Varga‐Szemes Akos
Published: February 2025

It was only fitting that when computed tomography (CT) was celebrating its 50th birthday since its maiden scan in 1971, it was also entering into a new generation in 2021 with the Food and Drug Administration's approval of the first photon‐counting detector (PCD)‐CT. As non‐invasive cardiac imaging is evolving into an ever more important medical field, the introduction of this new technology promises a slew of improvements over energy‐integrating detector (EID)‐CTs, most importantly improved spatial resolution in the form of ultrahigh‐resolution (UHR) imaging, reduced radiation exposure, and routinely acquired spectral information. Spatial resolution has historically been a key hurdle for cardiac CT, especially for coronary imaging where structures in the realm of 2 mm need to be assessed. Initial reports on the use of PCD‐CT in cardiac imaging so far have been promising, but many questions ranging from standardized scan protocols to evidence‐based recommendations remain. The aim of this review is to discuss the currently available literature regarding the use of UHR PCD‐CT for cardiac imaging and explore if it has led to changes in guidelines or patient workflows.
Epistemics, Interactional Identities, and Language Ideologies in Debates About Latinx and Latine on Social Media: How Spanish and “Latino” Identity Construction Are Leveraged to Challenge Gender‐Inclusive Identity Labels
Authors: Puterbaugh Benjamin
Published: February 2025

The current study analyzes disalignment strategies in social media users’ metapragmatic discussions centering on the panethnic gender‐inclusive terms Latinx and Latine. Data included 70 comments and replies responding to two posts by the media companies Remezcla and Netflix on Facebook and Instagram, respectively. The study's findings indicate that most users responded negatively to the terms, in many cases reproducing harmful language ideologies. Through careful epistemic management, these users constructed identities as “legitimate” members of the “Latino” speech community. One of the primary discourse strategies identified for doing so was codeswitching between English and Spanish. In this particular context, the strategic deployment of Spanish allowed users to position themselves against gender‐inclusive panethnic labels. Speakers also engaged in aggressive othering strategies to attribute Latinx/e to socially progressive imagined communities. Finally, the study's findings demonstrate how social media users established their authority through tactics of intersubjectivity and, in doing so, policed the language of others.