bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rival Growth Prospects and Equity Prices: Evidence from Mass Layoff Announcements
Authors: BORDEMAN ADAM , KANNAN BHARADWAJ , PINHEIRO ROBERTO
Published: May 2021

We investigate the impact of mass layoff announcements on industry rivals and find that investors perceive layoff announcements as news about industry prospects. When a layoff announcement conveys good (bad) news for the announcer, rivals on average witness a 0.51% increase (0.65% decrease) in cumulative abnormal stock returns. To explain this industry effect, we test a “growth opportunities” channel, where rivals with greater growth opportunities are affected most by changing industry prospects, and find that these firms experience the strongest contagion effect. Alternative industry classifications and a placebo test confirm that our results are not driven by confounding factors.
Autoregressive density modeling with the Gaussian process mixture transition distribution
Authors: Heiner Matthew , Kottas Athanasios
Published: May 2021

We develop a mixture model for transition density approximation, together with soft model selection, in the presence of noisy and heterogeneous nonlinear dynamics. Our model builds on the Gaussian mixture transition distribution (MTD) model for continuous state spaces, extending component means with nonlinear functions that are modeled using Gaussian process (GP) priors. The resulting model flexibly captures nonlinear and heterogeneous lag dependence when several mixture components are active, identifies low‐order nonlinear dependence while inferring relevant lags when few components are active, and averages over multiple and competing single‐lag models to quantify/propagate uncertainty. Sparsity‐inducing priors on the mixture weights aid in selecting a subset of active lags. The hierarchical model specification follows conventions for both GP regression and MTD models, admitting a convenient Gibbs sampling scheme for posterior inference. We demonstrate properties of the proposed model with two simulated and two real time series, emphasizing approximation of lag‐dependent transition densities and model selection. In most cases, the model decisively recovers important features. The proposed model provides a simple, yet flexible framework that preserves useful and distinguishing characteristics of the MTD model class.
Climate change challenges and opportunities for seaweed aquaculture in California, the United States
Authors: Kübler Janet E. , Dudgeon Steven R. , Bush Douglas
Published: May 2021

Seaweed aquaculture in California, the United States, is at an early stage of development. The coastal climate and growing season contrast with the cold‐temperate, where most seaweed cultivation in the US occurs. Climate change is warming coastal waters on average and increasing the frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs). In California, those changes co‐occur with predicted seasonal changes in upwelling. Warm, low nutrient events cause diebacks of wild Macrocystis pyrifera, and other wild‐harvested species. Aquaculture can replace wild‐harvested seaweeds and expand supplies of California‐grown seaweeds, if cultivation is developed with climate‐change resilience. We consider wild‐harvested species for traits expected to increase climate resilient productivity. Golden kombu, Laminaria farlowii, was selected for test cultivation. Early life stages were successfully grown. Sporophyte growth rates were higher in summer than winter, confirming Golden kombu as a summer crop in California. Based on projections of change in upwelling intensity and season in California, we suggest a physiological screening approach for resilience to conditions expected in different regions of coastal California by mid‐to‐late 21st century.
Novel functions of the root barrier to radial oxygen loss – radial diffusion resistance to H2 and water vapour
Authors: Peralta Ogorek Lucas León , Pellegrini Elisa , Pedersen Ole
Published: May 2021

The root barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL) is a trait enabling waterlogging tolerance of plants. The ROL barrier restricts O2 diffusion to the anoxic soil so that O2 is retained inside root tissues.

We hypothesised that the ROL barrier can also restrict radial diffusion of other gases (H2 and water vapour) in rice roots with a barrier to ROL. We used O2 and H2 microsensors to measure ROL and permeability of rice roots, and gravimetric measurements to assess the influence of the ROL barrier on radial water loss (RWL).

The ROL barrier greatly restricted radial diffusion of O2 as well as H2. At 60 kPa pO2, we found no radial diffusion of O2 across the barrier, and for H2 the barrier reduced radial diffusion by 73%. Similarly, RWL was reduced by 93% in roots with a ROL barrier.

Our study showed that the root barrier to ROL not only completely blocks radial O2 diffusion under steep concentration gradients but is also a diffusive barrier to H2 and to water vapour. The strong correlation between ROL and RWL presents a case in which simple measurements of RWL can be used to predict ROL in screening studies with a focus on waterlogging tolerance.
Analgesic efficacy of a portable, disposable, and self‐applied transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device during migraine attacks: A real‐life randomized controlled trial
Authors: Domingues Flávia S. , Gayoso Maisa V. , Sikandar Shafaq , da Silva Leopoldo Muniz , Fonseca Ronaldo G. , de Barros Guilherme A. M.
Published: May 2021

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of a portable, disposable, and home self‐applied transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) device during migraine attacks.

Background

TENS has been used as a noninvasive treatment for migraine, but there are no reports on the outcomes following use of this treatment option for use at home during migraine attacks.

Design and Methods

A double‐blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted over 3 months, with monthly assessments. Active placebos (sham group) were in place and were allocated at a 1:1 ratio. Adult patients who had been diagnosed with migraine by a specialist were included. Pain intensity levels and functional disability were measured before and after the 20‐min self‐applied TENS intervention during the migraine attacks.

Results

Seventy‐four participants were randomly allocated to the sham and intervention groups. Although both groups of subjects reported lower pain scores, the intervention group showed a statistically significant reduction in pain scores compared to the sham group.

Conclusion

In our controlled trial, the use of a self‐applied, TENS device is safe and effective in relieving pain associated with migraine attacks. Participants in the intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in pain and functional disability scores. TENS has been used as a noninvasive treatment for migraine, but there are no reports on the outcomes following use of this treatment option for use at home during migraine attacks. This double‐blind, randomized controlled trial had 2 groups: active‐placebo and intervention. Seventy‐four participants were randomly allocated. Participants in the intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in pain and functional disability scores.
Self‐esteem mediates effects of normal and pathological personality traits on subjective well‐being
Authors: Hart William , Richardson Kyle , Breeden Christopher J. , Kinrade Charlotte
Published: May 2021

As subjective well‐being is foundational to understanding people, researchers have sought to uncover its correlates. Some theorizing proposes that effects of broad personality traits on subjective well‐being constructs are mediated by self‐esteem; unfortunately, evidence pertaining to this idea has been limited to the study of “normal” broad personality traits and limited measures of subjective well‐being. Here, we provided a more comprehensive test of this theory, and we examined the dominance of self‐esteem over normal and pathological broad personality traits in predicting an array of subjective well‐being constructs. In a primarily college sample (N = 272), we found that self‐esteem generally mediated the effects of all Five‐Factor Model (FFM) traits except Agreeableness and all pathological personality traits—represented in the Personality Inventory of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders traits (5th edition; PID‐5)—except Antagonism on a set of subjective well‐being measures; moreover, dominance analyses showed that self‐esteem was generally more important than any FFM or PID‐5 trait in predicting the subjective well‐being measures. We discuss limitations of our study along with some of its basic and applied implications.
Comparison of trauma sustained by civilian dogs and deployed military working dogs
Authors: Edwards Thomas H. , Scott Laura L.F. , Gonyeau Kerry E. , Howard Emily H. , Parker Jacquelyn S. , Hall Kelly
Published: May 2021

Objective

To compare the prevalence of types of trauma, mechanisms of injury, and outcomes among military working dogs (MWDs), operational canines (OpK9s), and civilian dogs (CDs) that sustained traumatic injury.

Design

Retrospective descriptive analysis.

Animals

One hundred and ninety‐three cases of MWD trauma, 26,099 cases of CD trauma, 35 cases of OpK9 trauma.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and main results

Medical records of MWDs that incurred trauma while deployed to the Middle East were identified, and information was extracted from these records. The resultant database was compared to CD and OpK9s in the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC) Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry. All 3 groups showed similar trends with regard to type of trauma: penetrating injuries occurred most frequently, followed by blunt injuries for CDs and OpK9s. An equal proportion of blunt and blunt and penetrating traumas were observed in MWDs. Only MWDs sustained trauma from explosions, which accounted for 22.3% of injuries in this group. Animal bite/scratch/quilling and motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) were significantly more prevalent among CDs than MWDs (P < 0.01), whereas injuries from gunshot wounds (GSW) or a knife/sharp object were more common among MWDs compared to CDs (P < 0.01). No statistical differences in survival were observed between CDs and MWDs after excluding civilian dogs euthanized due to financial limitations.

Conclusions

MWDs, OpK9s, and CDs experience differences in injury type, mechanism, and outcome. Regardless, MWDs and CDs have good prognosis for survival to discharge after trauma.
The Origins of Neoliberalism and the Role of the German State
Authors: Germann Julian
Published: May 2021

This chapter reviews the most prominent explanations of the global rise of neoliberalism provided within critical International Political Economy: (1) a state-centered argument, which holds that neoliberalism was imposed by the United States in a bid to reassert its global dominance; (2) a class-based argument, which sees neoliberalism as the project of globalizing elites who sought to restore their corporate profits and power; and (3) an ideational argument, which describes the rise of neoliberalism as a paradigmatic shift in economic ideas. The chapter argues that these accounts share a common bias: they pivot unduly on the Anglo-American world and are unable to capture the peculiar German contribution to the origins of neoliberalism. As a result, they misread the rise of Germany to the apex of a neoliberal Europe as a belated repetition of the same global movement spearheaded by the US and the UK.
Conclusion
Authors: Germann Julian
Published: May 2021

The conclusion places Germany’s current position in the EU within a global context and draws out the wider implications of this study. It advances a conception of neoliberalism as a multifaceted process in which actors draw upon, and contribute to, an ever wider array of available techniques to deconstruct or reconfigure the social, economic, and political gains working people had wrought from capital and invested in the postwar welfare state. While in this respect neoliberalism is the indispensable marker for a new era of capitalism, it is too amorphous a term to serve as a guide to the emerging frontiers and faultlines of the global political economy.
The Spectacle of Nature
Authors: Cuillé Tili Boon
Published: May 2021

Opening with the Abbé Pluche’s best selling Spectacle de la nature, the introduction distinguishes characterizations of nature as book, clock, and spectacle. Questioning lingering associations of the Enlightenment with disenchantment, it considers the fate of the marvelous in eighteenth-century France. Affective responses to nature’s spectacle—traditionally associated with religion or religious fanaticism—including wonder, enthusiasm, and melancholy, were systematically linked to the faculties of reason, imagination, and memory that structured Diderot and D’Alembert’s Encyclopédie. The introduction lays the groundwork for this study by surveying developments in Enlightenment science and aesthetics, particularly empiricism, sensationalism, vitalism, and the theorization of the sublime, traced not to Longinus but to Lucretius.
Untangling from Empire
Authors: Methodieva Milena B.
Published: May 2021

The newly established Bulgarian state came to encompass a sizable Muslim population. In spite of further emigration, in the early 20th century there were 600,000 Muslims in Bulgaria. A living legacy of Ottoman rule in the region, they became the country’s most sizable minority that was implicitly connected with the Ottoman state. This chapter follows Bulgaria’s efforts to administer and govern these Muslim populations, particularly in view of doubts about their loyalties and concerns that they could become the channels of Ottoman intervention in its internal affairs. It also looks at the question of the place the Muslims and different Muslim groups assumed in the emerging Bulgarian national imagination. The Ottomans, for their part, were faced with the question of finding new ways to maintain connections with this community.
A Jewish Poetics of Exile
Authors: Elsky Julia
Published: May 2021

Benjamin Fondane lived through two displacements: first when he immigrated from Romania to France in the 1920s; and then again when he went into semihiding in Paris under the Occupation. Although he had come to French in search of a literary community through language adoption, in his wartime poetry he questions the possibility of a monolingual language. This chapter focuses on Fondane’s revisions of his poetry during the war, and in particular on L’Exode, his literary representations of the June 1940 flight toward the Southern Zone. Fondane writes in many languages at once: he not only incorporates the names of Hebrew letters and transcriptions of prayer in his French text but he also states that even if only one word existed in the world there would still be no one language. In this chapter, Fondane’s texts are also put into dialogue with Jacques Derrida’s Monolingualism of the Other.
European Language and the Resistance
Authors: Elsky Julia
Published: May 2021

This chapter looks at language choice within the context of Franco-Polish relations in the Resistance in Romain Gary’s novel Éducation européenne. It draws on Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of heteroglossia to analyze characters who speak in multiple languages but whom Gary represents in French. Gary’s use of heteroglossic French and of multilingualism in the novel is a response to the politics of La France libre, the journal where excerpts from his novel were first published. French and Polish authors of numerous articles focus on links between France and Poland—especially through a shared history of Romantic Revolution—as an expression of European democracy, one that could pave the way for a united Europe in the postwar period. Gary represents this link through language, but he also inserts Jewish language into the discussion, including the Jewish people in a European Resistance.
Choices: Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Interwar Morocco
Authors: Heckman Alma Rachel
Published: May 2021

Chapter 1 describes Morocco as it was divided between French and Spanish Protectorates, focusing on the 1920s and 1930s. During this period, Jews enjoyed a wide array of political choices, including pro-French Alliancism; leftist Popular Front activism, notably through the International League Against Anti-Semitism (LICA), as well as the Communist Party of Morocco; and Zionism, which boasted robust cultural and intellectual organizations in the country since the late nineteenth century. The interwar period for Moroccan Jews was characterized by a fluidity of political affiliations that were not yet mutually exclusive. Global political polarization between rising fascism, anti-Semitism, Communism, universalism, nationalism, and Zionism within Morocco intersects with the rise of Nazism, the Spanish Civil War, and the Great Revolt in Mandate Palestine, braiding Moroccan Jewish and Muslim political life into narratives of the biggest political questions rocking the Middle East, including rising pan-Islamic and pan-Arab movements.
Morphodynamic and Climatic Control on Sandy Beaches: Challenges of Geoenvironmental Studies for the Conservation of Biodiversity and the Maintenance of Ecosystem Services
Authors: Freire de Carvalho Anderson Abbehusen , Silva Iracema Reimão
Published: May 2021

As praias arenosas podem ser divididas em dois ecossistemas praiais: os autossustentáveis e os de interface, que respondem de forma diferente ao controle mofordinâmico e climático sobre a biodiversidade. Os principais fatores que atuam sobre a biodiversidade das praias arenosas são a energia das ondas e a ação dos ventos, que são responsáveis pela movimentação do sedimento e a determinação do relevo da praia. As variações climáticas, a exemplo das tempestades, também influenciam de forma significativa a dinâmica dos ecossistemas praiais. Mesmo possuindo um equilíbrio ecológico delicado, as praias arenosas não têm sido reconhecidas como áreas  prioritárias para conservação, talvez pela ausência de uma cobertura vegetal exuberante ou pela pouca percepção da sua biodiversidade. Para boa parte da população que frequenta as zonas costeiras, as praias arenosas aparentam ser um sistema biologicamente pobre e valorizado apenas pelos aspectos paisagísticos e de recreação. O uso recreativo intenso e a ocupação desordenada do pós-praia aumentam os impactos sobre esses ambientes, alterando a deposição de sedimentos, dificultando o deslocamento da biota e aumentando os processos erosivos, comprometendo a funcionalidade ecossistêmica. Diante deste contexto, se faz necessário realizar estudosde indicadores que possam fomentar estratégias adequadas para a gestão costeira, preservando o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas e a manutenção dos seus serviços, inclusive os considerados essenciais para a espécie humana. A presente revisão tem como objetivo principal discutir como os processos geoambientais, a exemplo dos morfodinâmicos e climáticos, atuam sobre a biodiversidade das praias arenosas e como estes fenômenos podem influenciar o equilíbrio ecossistêmico e a oferta dos seus serviços. Dentro desse cenário também foi discutido as possíveis interferências das alterações climáticas, a ocupação desordenada dos ambientes costeiros e suas implicações para conservação das praias arenosas.
Phantom Cooling Effects on Rotor Blade Surface Heat Flux in a Transonic Full Scale 1 + 1/2 Stage Rotating Turbine
Authors: Anthony Richard J. , Finnegan John , Clark John P.
Published: May 2021

An experimental and numerical investigation of phantom cooling effects on cooled and uncooled rotating high pressure turbine blades in a full scale 1 + 1/2 stage turbine test is presented. Objectives set to capture, separate, and quantify the effects of upstream vane film-cooling and leakage flows on downstream rotor blade surface heat flux. Multiple series of 1 + 1/2 stage rotating high pressure turbine tests were carried out in the Air Force Research Laboratory, Turbine Research Facility, at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. A non-proprietary research turbine was instrumented with high frequency double-sided thin film heat flux gauges custom made at AFRL. High bandwidth, time-resolved surface heat flux is measured on multiple film-cooled and non-film-cooled HPT rotor blades downstream of both film-cooled and non-film-cooled vane sectors. Upstream wake passing and heat flux is characterized on both rotor pressure and suction side surfaces, along with quantifying rotor phantom cooling effects from non-uniform first-stage vane film cooling and leakage flows. Fast response heat flux measurements quantify how rotor phantom cooling impacts the blade pressure side greatest. Measurements show upstream vane film-cooling alone can account for 50% of the rotor blade cooling effect in some instances, and even outweigh the rotor blade film cooling effect far from the blade showerhead holes. Added unsteady aero numerical simulation demonstrates how variations in inlet total temperature and incidence angle also contribute to the circumferentially non-uniform rotor heat flux. Results from this investigation aid modeling and design efforts in optimizing film cooling performance in real high-pressure turbine flow fields. Understanding the behavior of such non-uniform circumferential rotor phantom cooling effects can be critical to optimizing the efficiency, fuel consumption, range, and durability of advanced turbomachines.
Supplemental Material: A quantification of the effect of diagenesis on the paleoredox record in mid-Proterozoic sedimentary rocks
Authors: Hutchings Alec , Turchyn Alexandra V
Published: May 2021

Additional model details and discussion, and supplemental figures.
Supplemental Material: Long-term Aptian marine osmium isotopic record of Ontong Java Nui activity
Authors: Matsumoto Hironao , al. et
Published: May 2021

Description of lithology and methods, Figure S1 (sampling site), Figure S2 (cross plots of δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb), Figure S3 (Re-Os data), Figure S4 (age-depth model), Table S1 (raw δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb data), Table S2 (raw Re-Os data), and Table S3 (age model).
Supplemental Material: Thermodynamic evaporation and freshwater mixing models to test salinity proxies for late Pleistocene lake levels, Mono Lake, California
Authors: Sahajpal Rahul
Published: May 2021

A Python-based computer code used for automating the simulation used to predict the geochemical evolution of Mono Lake waters since the last glacial period.
Risk factors for asthma attacks and poor control in children: a prospective observational study in UK primary care
Authors: Lo David , Beardsmore Caroline , Roland Damian , Richardson Matthew , Yang Yaling , Danvers Lesley , Wilson Andrew , Gaillard Erol A
Published: May 2021

Objective

To identify risk factors for asthma attacks and poor asthma control in children aged 5–16 years.

Methods

Prospective observational cohort study of 460 children with asthma or suspected asthma from 10 UK general practices.

Gender, age, ethnicity, body mass index, practice deprivation decile, spirometry and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were recorded at baseline. Asthma control scores, asthma medication ratio (AMR) and the number of asthma attacks were recorded at baseline and at 6 months.

The above independent variables were included in binary multiple logistic regression analyses for the dependent variables of: (1) poor symptom control and (2) asthma attacks during follow-up.

Results

Poor symptom control at baseline predicted poor symptom control at 6 months (OR 4.4, p=0.001), while an increase in deprivation decile (less deprived) was negatively associated with poor symptom control at 6 months (OR 0.79, p=0.003). Higher FeNO levels (OR 1.02, p<0.001) and a recent history of asthma attacks (OR 2.03, p=0.02) predicted asthma attacks during follow-up. Asian ethnicity was associated with a lower OR for a future attack (OR 0.32, p=0.02).

A decrease in AMR was also associated with an increased OR for future asthma attacks (OR 2.99, p=0.003) when included as an independent variable.

Conclusions

We identified risk factors for poor symptom control and asthma attacks in children. Routine assessment of these factors should form part of the asthma review to identify children at an increased risk of adverse asthma-related events.
The inconsistency argument: why apparent pro-life inconsistency undermines opposition to induced abortion
Authors: Simkulet William
Published: May 2021

Most opposition to induced abortion turns on the belief that human fetuses are persons from conception. On this view, the moral status of the fetus alone requires those in a position to provide aid—gestational mothers—to make tremendous sacrifices to benefit the fetus. Recently, critics have argued that this pro-life position requires more than opposition to induced abortion. Pro-life theorists are relatively silent on the issues of spontaneous abortion, surplus in vitro fertilisation human embryos, and the suffering and death of born persons due to lack of access to food, shelter and medical care. Colgrove et al call such arguments inconsistency arguments, arguing they ‘do not matter’ and mischaracterise them as ad hominem attacks. Here, I argue these are better understood as moral dilemmas. While some critics argue pro-life inaction is evidence that they do not really believe human fetuses are persons, I contend this inaction is likely the result of resolvable confusion rather than moral negligence.
Taxonomic classification of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia based on next-generation sequencing: is there molecular evidence for its presence in tardigrades?
Authors: Mioduchowska Monika , Nitkiewicz Bartosz , Roszkowska Milena , Kačarević Uroš , Madanecki Piotr , Pinceel Tom , Namiotko Tadeusz , Gołdyn Bartłomiej , Kaczmarek Łukasz
Published: May 2021

We used high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA to test whether tardigrade species are infected with Wolbachia parasites. We applied SILVA and Greengenes databases that allowed taxonomic classification of bacterial sequences to OTUs. The results obtained from both databases differed considerably in the number of OTUs, and only the Greengenes database allowed identification of Wolbachia (infection was also supported by comparison of sequences to NCBI database). The putative bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia was discovered only in adult eutardigrades, while bacteria identified down to the order Rickettsiales were detected in both eutardigrade eggs and adult specimens. Nevertheless, the frequency of Wolbachia in the bacterial communities of the studied eutardigrades was low. Similarly, in our positive control, i.e., a fairy shrimp Streptocephalus cafer, which was found to be infected with Wolbachia in our previous study using Sanger sequencing, only the Rickettsiales were detected. We also carried out phylogenetic reconstruction using Wolbachia sequences from the SILVA and Greengenes databases, Alphaproteobacteria putative endosymbionts and Rickettsiales OTUs obtained in previous studies on the microbial community of tardigrades, and Rickettsiales and Wolbachia OTUs obtained in the current study. Our discovery of Wolbachia in tardigrades can fuel new research to uncover the specifics of this interaction.
Lagrangian submanifolds from tropical hypersurfaces
Authors: Matessi Diego
Published: May 2021

We prove that a smooth tropical hypersurface in [Formula: see text] can be lifted to a smooth embedded Lagrangian submanifold in [Formula: see text]. The idea of the proof is to use Lagrangian pairs of pants, which are the lifts of tropical hyperplanes introduced by the author in an earlier paper, as the main building blocks.
Study dearomatization of diesel fuel under the infulence of magnetic field by IR spectroscopy
Authors: Abdulov B. G. , Hasanov A. A.
Published: May 2021

The purification process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was carried out by extraction of diesel fraction from the primary oil refining using the effect of magnetic field. A mixture of N-methylpyrrolidone with sulfuric acid was used as an extractant. The content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the diesel fraction decreased by 39.8% under normal conditions and by 50.8% under the influence of magnetic field after extraction. The samples were investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy method before and after extraction. Vibartional modes corresponding to different atomic bonds have been observed. Deodorization of diesel was determined by interpreting obtained modes.
Force chain structure in a rod-withdrawn granular layer
Authors: Okubo F. , Katsuragi H.
Published: May 2021

When a rod is vertically withdrawn from a granular layer, oblique force chains can be developed by effective shearing. In this study, the force-chain structure in a rod-withdrawn granular layer was experimentally investigated using a photoelastic technique. The rod is vertically withdrawn from a two-dimensional granular layer consisting of bidisperse photoelastic disks. During the withdrawal, the development process of force chains is visualized by the photoelastic effect. By systematic analysis of photoelastic images, force chain structures newly developed by the rod withdrawing are identified and analyzed. In particular, the relation between the rod-withdrawing force [Formula: see text], total force-chains force [Formula: see text], and their average orientation [Formula: see text] are discussed. We find that the oblique force chains are newly developed by withdrawing. The force-chain angle [Formula: see text] is almost constant (approximately [Formula: see text] from the horizontal), and the total force [Formula: see text] gradually increases by the withdrawal. In addition, [Formula: see text] shows a clear correlation with [Formula: see text].
Quadruple Roman domination in graphs
Authors: Amjadi J. , Khalili N.
Published: May 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite and simple graph with vertex set [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a function that assigns label from the set [Formula: see text] to the vertices of a graph [Formula: see text]. For a vertex [Formula: see text], the active neighborhood of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the set of vertices [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. A quadruple Roman dominating function (QRDF) is a function [Formula: see text] satisfying the condition that for any vertex [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. The weight of a QRDF is [Formula: see text]. The quadruple Roman domination number [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is the minimum weight of a QRDF on [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we investigate the properties of the quadruple Roman domination number of graphs, present bounds on [Formula: see text] and give exact values for some graph families. In addition, complexity results are also obtained.
Hybrid collectivity
Authors: Olman Lynda , DeVasto Danielle
Published: May 2021

In this essay, we propose a hack of existing models of environmental risk communication so that they will better address Anthropocene risks. We focus our discussion on a key area of risk communication: environmental risk visualization (ERV). Drawing on social-constructionist theories of risk and our own research on ERVs, we assemble criteria for designing and evaluating ERVs based on their hybrid collectivity---meaning their ability to collect agents around themselves over time and across traditional Modern divides between human/nonhuman, expert/nonexpert, and nature/culture. We test the criteria on two ERVs from the 2011 Fukushima disaster and discuss the resulting promises and challenges of an approach to risk communication motivated by hybrid collectivity.
Decolonizing decoloniality
Authors: Itchuaqiyaq Cana Uluak , Matheson Breeanne
Published: May 2021

As the field of technical and professional communication (TPC) has moved toward more inclusive perspectives, the use of decolonial frameworks has increased rapidly. However, TPC scholarship designed using decolonial frameworks lacks a clear, centralized definition and may overgeneralize and/or marginalize Indigenous concerns. Using a corpus analysis of TPC texts, we assess the ways that the field uses "decolonial" and propose a centralized definition of "decolonial" that focuses on rematriation of Indigenous land and knowledges. Further, we offer a heuristic that aids scholars in communication design appropriate for decolonial research and teaching strategies.
Review of "Rhetoric of health and medicine as/is: Theories and approaches for the field by Lisa Melonçon, S. Scott Graham, Jenell Johnson, John A. Lynch, and Cynthia Ryan," Melonçon, L. Graham, S.S, Johnson, J., Lynch, J., & Ryan, S. (Eds). (2020). Rhetoric of health and medicine as/is: Theories and approaches for the field. The Ohio State University Press. https://doi.org/10.26818/9780814214466
Authors: West Temple
Published: May 2021

The foreword, written by Judy Z. Segal, begins with a brief dialogue between a patient and a nurse that illustrates the effects of discursive actions on health and medicine. It is a dialogue between a patient and a nurse, reminiscent of stories of ancient cartographers who mapped their changing and uncertain worlds through stories, discovering ever new riches in a world that wasn't flat. In the same way, contemporary thinkers in health and medicine are discovering the treasure in exploring rhetoric and technical communication across traditional boundaries. These authors move through previously uncharted territory with story and new questions that extend the boundaries of our individual bodies. They explore important questions of individual human agency and how that intersects with social and rhetorical theory. Critical questions new to medicine in the twenty-first century, such as resistance, power of representation, and where advocacy for health justice lies, are topics explored through a variety of lenses in this collection.
Review of "The science of communicating science by Craig Cormick," Cormick, C. (2019). The science of communicating science. CSIRO publishing
Authors: Cogbill-Seiders Elisa
Published: May 2021

The Science of Communicating Science
by Dr. Craig Cormick is a lively introduction to the foundational principles of science communications, particularly those oriented towards the public. Dr. Craig Cormick is a well-known science communicator and former president of the Australian Science Communicators, a network of science communicators and journalists. Cormick has also written over 30 books of fiction and non-fiction---in addition to academic articles---and has worked with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), which incidentally also published his textbook.
The Science of Communicating Science
operates on the premise that science communication is a complex process requiring extensive and time-consuming interdisciplinary research. Cormick's textbook aims to simplify the learning process by distilling well over 400 sources into a compact volume so that novice science communicators may learn important skills for informing and empowering the public by telling engaging stories, fostering interdisciplinary skills, and understanding the audience.
As a CS educator, how do you think we can address inequity issues that exist in the field?
Authors: Miller Jeffrey , Davis Karen C. , Payton Fay Cobb , Raghavachary Saty
Published: May 2021

We asked several CS education researchers to offer brief remarks (about 200 words) to spark discussion and provide ideas for actions we can all take to address inequity issues. Two responses are included below.
Member spotlight
Authors: Davis Karen
Published: May 2021

In this feature of the Bulletin, we highlight members of the SIGCSE community. In this issue, Bulletin co-editor Karen Davis interviewed Leo Porter, an Associate Teaching Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, San Diego, the current Secretary on the SIGCSE Board, and a former SIGCSE Bulletin Co-Editor.
On the Growing Curve: An interview on gaming to learn with G2A's CEO, Bartosz Skwarczek
Authors: Carr-Chellman Alison
Published: May 2021

An interview with Bartosz Skwarczek, CEO of G2A, includes an examination of a recent survey of U.K. and U.S. teachers regarding perceptions of games as a learning and curricular tool. Interview results are shared as well as a review of the resulting G2A Academy aimed at teacher training for building skills to utilize games in the classroom.
Evolution of UV/VIS Photoluminescence of Aged Zn(acac)2 Solutions in Correlation with Carbon Precipitation
Authors: Vasin Andriy V , Kysil Dmitriy V. , Isaieva Oksana F. , Rudko Galina Yu. , Naseka K. M. , Strelchuk Viktor V. , Piryatinski Yuri P, , Sevostianov S. V. , Tertykh V. A. , Savchenko D. V. , Nazarov Alexei N.
Published: May 2021

Evolution of photoluminescence of ethanol solutions of Zn(acac) from near UV to VIS was monitored for time period of several months. It has been found that transparent solutions with time colored in light brown that is accompanied by development of strong visible photoluminescence. This phenomenon is analyzed and discussed in terms of carbon precipitation. It has been demonstrated that at short aging period the photoluminescence is observed as relatively narrow and excitation independent emission band centered at at about 400 nm. In course of aging period emission is converted from violet to blue and green with corresponding shift of excitation band from UV to VIS. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy allows to identify carbon precipitates in the solutions approving hypothesis on nanocarbon nature of the photoluminescence.
Synthesis and Surface Engineering of Carbon Quantum Dots by Electrical Discharges Generated Inside and in Contact with Liquid
Authors: Tarasenka Natalie , Nevar Alena , Nedelko Mikhail , Tarasenko Nikolai
Published: May 2021

In this paper electrical discharge plasma in liquid was used for synthesis of carbon nanoparticles (NPs). In addition, targeted changes of the NPs surface properties were selectively achieved via treatment of as-prepared NPs by a gas-liquid interfacial discharge produced in contact with the colloidal solution. The results of the solution chemistry induced at the plasma-liquid interface for surface engineering of NPs are discussed.
Growth of High Sn Concentration Germanium-Tin Films on Insulators by Microsecond Laser Annealing
Authors: Matsumura Ryo , Fukata Naoki
Published: May 2021

Germanium-tin (GeSn) is attractive group-IV material with great optical properties as light emitting and receiving element. To apply such significant properties on photonic devices, the growth of GeSn films with high substitutional Sn concentration on insulating substrates is essential. In this work, we have investigated continuous wave laser annealing of amorphous germanium (a-Ge) and a-GeSn films (initial Sn concentration: 20 at.%) on quartz substrates with microsecond annealing time. As a result, large shifting of Raman peak was observed for GeSn samples after annealing, while there was little shifting of that for Ge samples. We speculate that these results are due to incorporation of Sn atoms into the grown films.
Influence of Amorphous-to-Crystalline Transformation on the Negative Thermo-Optic Properties of TiO2 Films
Authors: Park Honghwi , Jung Jaedong , Liu Mingyuan , Lee Sunghwan , Park Hongsik
Published: May 2021

In this study, we systematically investigate the structure–property relationship of atomic-layer-deposited titanium dioxide (TiO2) to identify governing factors that determines the negative thermo-optic property of TiO2. In addition, we demonstrate the negatively enhanced thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) values (from −1.8 to −2.3 × 10–4 /°C) from the visible to the near-infrared regime via mild-thermal budget processing. Structural characterizations based on X-ray diffraction and reflectivity and temperature-dependent refractive index measurements based on spectroscopic ellipsometry prove that the higher crystallinity of anatase TiO2 leads to greater negative TOC values, ascribed to the higher film density and lower porosity compared to amorphous states. Based on the Prod’homme model and bandgap analysis, we also report that the negative TOC of TiO2 is influenced more by the volume expansion than the polarizability.
Electrical and Optical Characteristics of WOx, ZrHfO, and Tri-Layer WOx Embedded ZrHfO High-k Based SSI-LEDs
Authors: Lin Wen-Shan , Kuo Yue
Published: May 2021

Three kinds of solid-state incandescent light emitting devices were fabricated from MOS capacitors with gate dielectrics compared of WOx, ZrHfO, and tri-layer WOx embedded ZrHfO, separately. Their electrical and optical characteristics were investigated. The ZrHfO SSI-LED has uniform light emission pattern due to the superb dielectric properties. The WOx SSI-LED showed the highest intensity of emitted light but a large leakage current. The tri-layer WOx embedded ZrHfO SSI-LED has the higher emitted light intensity than the ZrHfO SSI-LED has and a lower leakage current than the WOx SSI-LED has. Therefore, the tri-layer WOx embedded ZrHfO SSI-LED is the preferred device judged from the light emission efficiency and reliability.
(Invited) Interface Treatment Related Defects During Ge Gate Stack Formation
Authors: Misra Durga
Published: May 2021

The impact of different interface treatments on defect generation during gate stack formation on the p-type germanium is reported in this paper. In most cases 1nm Al2O3 was used to limit the germanium diffusion into the high-k layer. Defects were characterized by conductance method and deep level transient spectroscopy. A signature of slow traps (~1ms) originating from the bulk or interface depending on the type of GeOx formation was observed. Furthermore, the defect formation due to different types interfacial layer formation is also investigated when the gate stacks were subjected to slot plane antenna plasma oxidation. It was observed that a stable GeOx formation leads to a reduction in defect formation at the interface.
Investigation of Corrosion Performance of Pure Aluminum as Bipolar Plate in PEMFC Environment
Authors: Jahan Aklima , Alam Md. Ashraful , Yonezawa Sekai , Suzuki Eiichi , Yashiro Hitoshi
Published: May 2021

Corrosion behavior of pure aluminum in sodium fluoride and sulfuric acid media with different concentrations at 80°C for use as bipolar plate in PEMFC environment was investigated. Open circuit potential, single cell operation, amount of corrosion, and surface roughness of pure aluminum were measured to check the corrosion potential, corrosion resistance, corrosion amount, and surface roughness, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra were also taken to analyze the surface morphology, and elemental compositions.
Effects of exercise training with weight loss on skeletal muscle expression of angiogenic factors in overweight and obese older men
Authors: Evans William S. , Blumenthal Jacob B. , Heilman James M. , Ryan Alice S. , Prior Steven J.
Published: May 2021

Skeletal muscle capillarization is lower in adults with impaired glucose tolerance than normal controls. This may, in part, be attributable to differential expression of angiogenic growth factors in skeletal muscle. Using a 6-mo aerobic exercise intervention with ∼10% body weight loss (AEX + WL), we show that the expression of angiogenic growth factors tends to be lower in adults with impaired glucose tolerance compared with normal controls and that AEX + WL increased expression of angiogenic growth factors in all participants.
Muscle-specific deletion of the vitamin D receptor in mice is associated with diaphragm muscle weakness
Authors: Fogarty Matthew J. , Losbanos Louis L. , Craig Theodore A. , Reynolds Carmen J. , Brown Alyssa D. , Kumar Rajiv , Sieck Gary C.
Published: May 2021

Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms are associated with adverse pulmonary and diaphragm muscle (DIAm)-associated respiratory outcomes. We used a skeletal muscle-specific tamoxifen-inducible VDR knockout to investigate DIAm dysfunction following reduced VDR signaling. Marked DIAm weakness and atrophy of type IIx and/or IIb fibers are present in muscle-specific tamoxifen-induced VDR knockout mice compared with controls. These results show that the VDR has a significant biological effect on DIAm function independent of systemic effects on mineral metabolism.
A Numerical Method for Compressible Model of Contamination from Nuclear Waste in Porous Media
Authors: Wang Zhifeng
Published: May 2021

This paper studies and analyzes a model describing the flow of contaminated brines through the porous media under severe thermal conditions caused by the radioactive contaminants. The problem is approximated based on combining the mixed finite element method with the modified method of characteristics. In order to solve the resulting algebraic nonlinear equations efficiently, a two-grid method is presented and discussed in this paper. This approach includes a small nonlinear system on a coarse grid with size

H

and a linear system on a fine grid with size

h

. It follows from error estimates that asymptotically optimal accuracy can be obtained as long as the mesh sizes satisfy

H
=
O

h

1
/
3

.
Study on the Intention of Private Parking Space Owners of Different Levels of Cities to Participate in Shared Parking in China
Authors: Wang Ange , Guan Hongzhi , Qin Zhengtao , Zhu Junze
Published: May 2021

The implementation of shared parking program can effectively increase the utilization rate of existing parking space resources. At present, shared parking program has not been widely practiced in China, and the prerequisite for this prospect to be implemented is whether the private parking space owner group can quickly and widely accept shared parking program. In this study, considering the differences in the economic development, urban planning, and parking pressure in cities of different levels, the theory of planned behavior and the benefit-risk perception model (C-TPB-BRA) are combined as the theoretical framework to explore the intention to share parking space from the perspective of the owners of private parking spaces in cities of different levels. Based on China’s empirical data, structural equation models are built to verify the hypotheses proposed. Our results show that (a) the intention of private parking space owners in different levels of cities to participate in shared parking and the mechanism of action of the psychological factors are different, and not all psychological factors have a direct impact on the intention to share. In first-tier, second-tier, and third-tier cities, Subjective Norm (SN) and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) indirectly affect Behavior Intention (BI) through Attitude (ATT), Perceived Benefit (PB), and Perceived Risk (PR). In the fourth-tier cities, SN and PBC directly affect BI. Except for BI, other psychological factors influence each other significantly; (b) the psychological factors affecting the intention to supply shared parking spaces in first-tier, second-tier, third-tier, and fourth-tier cities, respectively, are PB > ATT > PR, PB > PR > ATT, PB > PR > ATT, and PB > SN > PBC > ATT > PR. Our research results could help determine the internal factors that affect the intention of parking space suppliers and their mechanisms of action to participate in shared parking, and on that basis, our findings could also help governments and platform operators to promote shared parking development plans.