bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Lessons of October Revolution
Authors: Гайнутдинова Людмила , Gaynutdinova Lyudmila
Published: December 2017

October revolution lead to global positive consequences for the world history and totally irreversibly changed the whole world. But for Russian statesmanship it was the time of serious hardships which are still influencing on us. Lack of governance in critical conditions contributed to radicalization of political situation and massive social upheaval what lead to a civil war. Attempt to renew the state structure makes scientists to look at the political history of the period of 100 years ago for learning and planning right steps in search of the new decisions, that makes them to reopen the principles of democratic organization that takes into account the sociocultural specifics of Russian political environment.
The October Revolution in Irish Social and Political Thought
Authors: Бычков М. , Bychkov M.
Published: December 2017

The article analyzes the influence of the reflection of the October revolution in Irish social and political thought in the context of socio-political history of Ireland.
Sociocultural Aspect of Vocational Training of Future Managers of Advertising and Public Relations
Authors: Корнилова Виктория , Kornilova Victoria
Published: December 2017

Article discloses specifics of vocational training of future managers of advertising and public relations. The author emphasizes importance of search of innovative approaches to training of the students promoting formation of knowledge, skills of advance of commercial and non-commercial enterprises and public organizations of welfare orientation. The communication space of welfare activity is investigated, special attention is paid to questions of vocational training of students on the new profile "Sociocultural Communications and PR-technologies".
Turner Optimizes the Allocation of Audience Deficiency Units
Authors: Carbajal José Antonio , Chaar Wes
Published: December 2017

Each broadcasting quarter, advertisement-based networks face the challenge of allocating make-good units that reduce the liability they have incurred because of fewer people in the audiences they have guaranteed to advertisers. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. has developed an optimization framework that improves the process of allocating make-good units across hundreds of sales plans in a dynamic setting in which priorities change continually and customer relationship management is of paramount importance. This system, called the Liability Efficiency Optimizer (LEO), has significantly simplified the process of allocating audience deficiency units at Turner, reducing it from weeks down to minutes, and has enabled its users to make the most profitable use of the liability airtime inventory while honoring advertiser requirements in terms of selling-title mix and unit distribution across weeks. This system has been deployed to all the domestic networks operated by Turner, and its monetary benefit has been conservatively estimated to be $10 million of recurring yearly liability reduction over the manual process it replaced.
A Practitioner’s Guide to Best Practices in Data Visualization
Authors: Camm Jeffrey D. , Fry Michael J. , Shaffer Jeffrey
Published: December 2017

Data visualization is the process of visualizing data through tables, charts, graphs, maps, and other visual aids. Data visualization is often thought of as a descriptive tool, but it is also important for use in predictive and prescriptive analytics. It serves as a tool for descriptive data exploration, but also for communicating insights from data and from analytical models. In this tutorial, we provide a concise discussion of best practices for data visualization for effective communication.
Near-Optimal Course Scheduling at the Technion
Authors: Strichman Ofer
Published: December 2017

The focus of this article is the automation of course, classroom, and exam scheduling for the faculty of Industrial Engineering (IE) at the Technion in Haifa, Israel. The system, called the Technion Industrial Engineering Scheduler (TieSched), has been operational since 2012. It is based on a distributed collection of constraints and multiple engines running in parallel, including SAT, pseudo-Boolean, CSP, and weighted-Max-SAT solvers. A sophisticated decision support subsystem accommodates manual edits to the schedule. This article describes the manual process used previously and the TieSched system architecture, and it provides details about the model formulation and solving engines. It also presents the new process that TieSched enables and the path to stakeholder acceptance. The benefits of TieSched include improved efficiency of the scheduling process (i.e., a reduction from 9–10 to 3–4 weeks), better schedules, and enhanced levels of service to teachers, assistants, and students.
Effects of Online Recommendations on Consumers’ Willingness to Pay
Authors: Adomavicius Gediminas , Bockstedt Jesse C. , Curley Shawn P. , Zhang Jingjing
Published: December 2017

Recommender systems are an integral part of the online retail environment. Prior research has focused largely on computational approaches to improving recommendation accuracy, and only recently researchers have started to study their behavioral implications and potential side effects. We used three controlled experiments, in the context of purchasing digital songs, to explore the willingness-to-pay judgments of individual consumers after being shown personalized recommendations. In Study 1, we found strong evidence that randomly assigned song recommendations affected participants’ willingness to pay, even when controlling for participants’ preferences and demographics. In Study 2, participants viewed actual system-generated recommendations that were intentionally perturbed (introducing recommendation error), and we observed similar effects. In Study 3, we showed that the influence of personalized recommendations on willingness-to-pay judgments was obtained even when preference uncertainty was reduced through immediate and mandatory song sampling prior to pricing. The results demonstrate the existence of important economic side effects of personalized recommender systems and inform our understanding of how system recommendations can influence our everyday preference judgments. The findings have significant implications for the design and application of recommender systems as well as for online retail practices.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0703 .
Chief for a Day: Elite Capture and Management Performance in a Field Experiment in Sierra Leone
Authors: Voors Maarten , Turley Ty , Bulte Erwin , Kontoleon Andreas , List John A.
Published: December 2017

We use a field experiment in Sierra Leone to examine how the identity of the manager influences rent seeking and performance in participatory development projects. Specifically, we vary the composition of a committee responsible for implementing a development project—local elites or randomly selected villagers. The design is unique in that it permits us to explore the effectiveness of two alternative local governance modalities and the extent of elite capture in community projects. We find little evidence that local elites capture project resources. We do observe they are better managers of development projects. Improved performance covaries with a proxy for power of the local chief.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2866 .

This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
Dynamic Mechanisms with Martingale Utilities
Authors: Balseiro Santiago R. , Mirrokni Vahab S. , Leme Renato Paes
Published: December 2017

We study the dynamic mechanism design problem of a seller who repeatedly sells independent items to a buyer with private values. In this setting, the seller could potentially extract the entire buyer surplus by running efficient auctions and charging an upfront participation fee at the beginning of the horizon. In some markets, such as Internet advertising, participation fees are not practical since buyers expect to inspect items before purchasing them. This motivates us to study the design of dynamic mechanisms under successively more stringent requirements that capture the implicit business constraints of these markets. We first consider a periodic individual rationality constraint, which limits the mechanism to charge at most the buyer’s value in each period. While this prevents large upfront participation fees, the seller can still design mechanisms that spread a participation fee across multiple initial auctions. These mechanisms have the unappealing feature that they provide close-to-zero buyer utility in earlier auctions in exchange for higher utility in later auctions. To address this problem, we introduce a martingale utility constraint, which imposes the requirement that from the perspective of the buyer, the next item’s expected utility is equal to the present one’s. Our main result is providing a dynamic auction satisfying martingale utility and periodic individual rationality whose loss in profit with respect to first-best (full extraction of buyer surplus) is optimal up to polylogarithmic factors. The proposed mechanism is a dynamic two-tier auction with a hard floor and a soft floor that allocates the item whenever the buyer’s bid is above the hard floor and charges the minimum of the bid and the soft floor.

The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2872 .

This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, stochastic models and simulation.
Supply Chain Contracting in Environments with Volatile Input Prices and Frictions
Authors: Kouvelis Panos , Turcic Danko , Zhao Wenhui
Published: December 2017

Problem description: Purchase costs of raw materials required in production tend to fluctuate over time. Mild cost fluctuations merely affect firms’ profitability. Significant variations can lead to supply chain disruption. What are the best contracts to be used in supply chains exposed to fluctuating raw material costs? We ask this question in two contexts—in the presence and the absence of working capital constraint. Academic/practical relevance: We add a framework on how to optimally contract in the presence of stochastic costs and working capital constraints and help managers understand how they can increase profitability. Methodology: We present a game-theoretic study of a bilateral monopoly supply chain with stochastic demand, stochastic input costs, production lead times, and working capital constraints. The upstream firm announces a supply contract to which the downstream firm responds with an order quantity. The contract is a single-price, multi-instrument contract with optional default penalties. Many previously studied coordinating contracts, as well as some noncoordinating ones, are special cases of our general contract. Results: We derive necessary and sufficient conditions that the instruments of the general contract must satisfy for the contract to induce a coordinated outcome—both with and without working capital constraints. Then we translate these requirements into implementable contracts. Indexing (I) on raw material prices and using default penalties (Ps) is necessary, and an I&P revenue-sharing contract turns out to be the most versatile contract for these environments. Managerial implications: We provide clear guidelines on how to contract in situations where production costs of every supply chain member fluctuate significantly, possibly in the presence of working capital constraints.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0660 .

This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Issue on Interface of Finance, Operations, and Risk Management.
Superior Strategy in Entrepreneurial Settings: Thinking, Doing, and the Logic of Opportunity
Authors: Eisenhardt Kathleen M. , Bingham Christopher B.
Published: December 2017

Our purpose is to develop a perspective on how executives form superior strategies in entrepreneurial settings. Understanding how executives achieve such strategies is theoretically intriguing because it pushes beyond the boundary conditions of the traditional strategic logics of position and leverage to the less-understood opportunity logic where advantage is precarious and often short-lived. Understanding how executives form superior strategies in entrepreneurial settings is also practically relevant. Strategically successful firms in these settings like Apple, Facebook, and Dropbox are primary motors for economic growth, but their strategists are challenged by the “high velocity” of their markets and opportunities. Our perspective combines two intertwined themes: (1) broad view of the strategic playing field enabling better visibility and understanding of opportunities (thinking) and (2) action within structures organized at the “edge of chaos” enabling flexible yet efficient capture of opportunities (doing). We describe these themes and opportunity logic and then contrast them with traditional strategic logics like positioning and resource leverage.
On the Genesis of Interfirm Relational Contracts
Authors: de Figueiredo John M. , Silverman Brian S.
Published: December 2017

In a wide range of circumstances, relational contracts can enable strategies that might not otherwise be possible. While most studies focus on the maintenance and performance of existing relational contracts, this paper explores the origins of interfirm relational contracts, focusing on how firms go from no contract to a relational contract. Relying on a microanalytic investigation of the birth of the desktop laser printer industry, we identify a combination of four emergent and deliberate steps that enhance the probability that a relational contract will arise: preexisting personal relationships, capability complementarity, cultural similarity, and pursuit of noncompeting but mutually reinforcing revenue models. We consider how each of these factors helps to undergird the parties’ clarity and credibility to increase the probability of the genesis of a relational contract, which in turn enables collaborating firms to undertake successful, difficult-to-imitate strategies.
Searching for Great Strategies
Authors: Fink Thomas , Ghemawat Pankaj , Reeves Martin
Published: December 2017

We focus on answering the question posed for this special issue by elaborating a specific perspective, involving information-enabled search, in which firms add capabilities (or components) that expand what they can accomplish in the product market arena, and the key strategic choices concern the kinds of capabilities that are added. We establish that measuring how a new candidate component interacts with the components we already have can be a reasonable proxy for how they will combine with new components which we don’t yet have. This allows us to compare the performance of “impatient strategies” focused on the current usefulness of a new component and “patient strategies” focused on anticipated long-term usefulness. Their relative performance depends on how far the innovation process has progressed, and on the structure of the innovation space itself. In particular, a flattening in the increase of complexity implies an increase in the relative attractiveness of patient strategies over impatient ones, i.e., constitutes a signal to a switch strategies. It is therefore possible to construct information-based adaptive search strategies, which outperform either random strategies or fixed (patient or impatient) strategies for component selection. And there are broader implications for strategy as well.
A Link-Based Differential Complementarity System Formulation for Continuous-Time Dynamic User Equilibria with Queue Spillbacks
Authors: Ma Rui , Ban Xuegang (Jeff) , Pang Jong-Shi
Published: December 2017

This paper proposes a link-based continuous-time dynamic user equilibrium model for networks with single destinations. The model captures realistic queue spillbacks by applying the double-queue concept at the link level and developing a new nodal model that extends the link-level dynamics to the network level. The departure-time choice, route choice, and other equilibrium conditions are introduced to complete the model. The proposed model is a differential complementary system formulation with time-varying, state-dependent delays. Approximations on travel times are constructed to simplify the model. Numerical tests are developed to illustrate the application of this model.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0752 .
Patient and staff awareness of ophthalmic treatment costs
Authors: Negretti Guy , Kang Swan , Basheer Khadijah , Duggineni Sirisha , Kam Ronald , Verma Seema
Published: December 2017

Aim:

The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge of patients and staff in relation to the costs of selected ophthalmic interventions.

Methods:

A questionnaire was designed with the help of the Patient-Public Involvement Committee at Moorfields Eye Hospital. It was subsequently distributed to all patients attending the ophthalmic accident and emergency department and selected outpatient clinics over a two-week period. The questionnaire asked participants to estimate the costs of nine treatments or investigations and supplementary questions were also asked in relation to costs.

Results:

Participants comprised of 436 patients (210 males, 219 females, 7 did not self-identify) and 71 staff (32 males, 39 females) who returned completed questionnaires. Staff gave an estimated cost that was not statistically different from the actual cost for four out of the nine treatments. The mean values for the patients' answers were all significantly different from the actual costs. Both patients and staff had a tendency to over estimate the costs of treatments. Some participants had not considered how much these procedures cost the NHS to provide (36% of patients and 21% of staff respectively).

Conclusions:

Unsurprisingly, staff are more knowledgeable than patients of the costs of treatments they provide. Despite this, there were still multiple treatments which staff were not able to estimate the costs of accurately (5 out of 9). In this study, accurately was defined as no significant difference from the actual value. If the participant group who have never considered how much it costs the NHS to provide their care could be targeted with an educational program on costs of healthcare this may lead to better use of healthcare resources in the future.
Virtual environment for collaborative robotic agents
Authors: Bareno Agudelo Juan Sebastian , Moreno Robinson Jimenez , Hernandez Ruben Dario
Published: December 2017

This article describes the development of a virtual environment in the VRML
platform, used to simulate the selection, classification and storage of wares that has
a destination to people in a specific location around the world. This environment is
based in two rooms, the first room or delivery room, where the package is received
and classified by place of shipment, in turn is moved to the second room or
warehouse, where all the merchandise that arrives is stored, being classified by
destination. As methodology of the project, the idea is, by means of an algorithm,
to classify the merchandise by destination, with this, it is achieved that it does not
find lost merchandise or take the merchandise to a wrong destination.
On degree of approximation of function V
Authors: Habib Anwar
Published: December 2017

We have defined a new Bernstein type polynomial.
Empowerment em profissionais de saúde: Uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Santos de Carvalho Carla Maria , Gouveia Ana Lau , Barreira Pinto Carlos Américo , Mendes Mónico Lisete dos Santos , Fernandes Correia Miguel Maltieira , Dinis Parreira Pedro Miguel Santos
Published: December 2017

Objetivos: Revisão de estudos que permitam compreender a influência do empowerment estrutural na adoção de comportamentos de mobilização e a ocorrência de eventos adversos associados aos cuidados da saúde. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura usando palavras-chave específicas e aplicando critérios de inclusão/exclusão. Consideraram-se artigos de diferentes bases de dados, publicados entre 1996 e 2012, os quais foram analisados quanto à presença de eventos adversos, empowerment e mobilização, e classificados em função dos critérios empírico/teórico, local do estudo, amostra, medidas e resultados. Resultados: A literatura sobre esta área é extensa, sendo a maioria dos estudos de natureza empírica. O empowerment estrutural gera resultados positivos no trabalho; estes resultados referem-se a um aumento da satisfação no trabalho, do comprometimento organizacional, bem como a adoção de comportamentos inovadores e uma redução do burnout e do turnover. Alguns artigos sugerem que o empowerment tem uma influência positiva na segurança do paciente, traduzindo-se numa redução dos eventos adversos, e na adoção de comportamento de mobilização pelos profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: Uma cultura de empowerment e mobilização tem efeitos positivos em organizações de saúde, podendo contribuir para uma melhoria da segurança e da qualidade dos cuidados prestados aos pacientes e uma diminuição da ocorrência de eventos adversos.
Características psicométricas do Inventário de Atitudes face à Procura de Serviços de Saúde Mental: Estudo em mulheres no período perinatal
Authors: Fonseca Ana , Silva Sheila , Canavarro Maria Cristina
Published: December 2017

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento psicométrico da versão portuguesa do Inventário de Atitudes face à Procura de Serviços de Saúde Mental (IAPSSM) numa amostra de mulheres no período perinatal. As participantes (175 mulheres grávidas ou no período pós-parto) responderam a um conjunto de questionários (IAPSSM, Questionário de Intenções e Comportamentos de Procura de Ajuda, Questionário de Literacia sobre Depressão, Escala de Dificuldades de Regulação Emocional). A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória apoia a adequação do modelo tridimensional do IAPSSM (Abertura Psicológica, Propensão para a Procura de Ajuda e Indiferença ao Estigma). O IAPSSM apresenta bons indicadores de validade convergente e de fidelidade, à exceção da dimensão Abertura Psicológica. Os resultados sugerem que o IAPSSM é um instrumento com potencial de utilização na investigação e na prática clínica, permitindo a identificação de fatores psicológicos (atitudinais) que influenciem a utilização de serviços de saúde mental no período perinatal.
Preconceito e descontextualização normativa: considerações metodológicas ilustradas pelas representações sobre AIDS na África e Africano
Authors: Danfá Lassana , Santos Aléssio Renata Lira dos , Souza Santos Maria de Fátima de , Carneiro de Morais Edclécia Reino
Published: December 2017

Este artigo objetivou discutir implicações metodológicas da técnica de descontextualização normativa e do controle da ordem de apresentação de termos indutores em uma tarefa de associação livre, a partir do estudo das representações sociais sobre AIDS na África e sobre o Africano com 60 universitários brasileiros. Dois pesquisadores (brasileiro e africano) aplicaram um questionário de evocação de palavras com controle da ordem de apresentação dos indutores. A análise de correspondência dos campos lexicais, pelo software Tri-deux-mots, permitiu identificar que as variáveis manipuladas ativaram conteúdos representacionais ligados a processos psicossociais distintos: atribuição de causalidade e produção de estereótipos. A expressão AIDS na África quando apresentada em primeira ordem induz a atribuição de causalidade externa. Já a expressão Africano induz atribuição de causalidade interna. Na presença do pesquisador africano mais conteúdos positivos foram evocados, quando comparados com a presença do pesquisador brasileiro. Esse jogo de estereótipos traz à tona uma manifestação sutil do preconceito.
School-to-Family and Family-to-School Enrichment in Women pursuing Post-Secondary Education
Authors: Andrade Cláudia , Rhijn Tricia van , Matias Marisa
Published: December 2017

Mature and reentry female students enrolled in post-secondary education, in most cases, combine school with other life roles. Despite the growing trend to study how multiple roles may conflict with each other, evidence suggests that multiple roles can be enriching and that female non-traditional students are particularly prone to experience these benefits. Thus, we tested a school-to-family and family-to-school enrichment model, in which school dimensions (mastery experiences, low school exclusion, school satisfaction and school-to- -family balance) were antecedents to school-to-family enrichment and family dimensions (family satisfaction and family-to-school balance) were antecedents of family-to-school enrichment. This model was tested, through path analysis, using 88 non-traditional Portuguese students (female student parents) enrolled in an evening undergraduate program. The model showed an adequate fit to the data, suggesting that aspects of school-to-family and family-to-school enrichment coexist. Mastery experiences and low school exclusion were associated with school-to-family enrichment while perceptions of school-to-family balance and satisfaction with the school role were not. Perceptions of family-to-school balance were associated with family-to-school enrichment but family satisfaction was not. These findings unveil a new view on mature students enrolled at the university, pointing to the role of positive experiences at school and on school-family balance to a better interface of school and family roles.
Tamoxifen in patients with dopamine agonist-resistant prolactinomas
Authors: Fedorova Natalia S. , Dzeranova Larisa K. , Pigarova Ekaterina A. , Vorotnikova Svetlana U. , Melnichenko Galina A.
Published: December 2017

Aim — to assess the efficacy and safety of tamoxifen in patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors resistant to treatment with dopamine agonists.
Material and methods. The study included 6 females aged 23—38 years. All patients received cabergoline for a prolonged time without normalization of prolactin levels and reversal of secondary hypogonadism. The cabergoline dose was 1—7 mg/week. Cabergoline administration was combined with tamoxifen at a dose of 20 mg per day, with a subsequent increase to 40 mg per day after 4 weeks of treatment. Patients received this combination therapy for 3 months.
Results. Combined cabergoline and tamoxifen therapy resulted in a significant reduction in prolactin levels in all treated patients, which amounted to 22—66% of the baseline value. However, none of the patients achieved complete normalization of prolactin levels. Despite this fact, 2 patients developed normalization of the menstrual cycle. One of these got pregnant 1.5 months after discontinuation of tamoxifen and gave birth to a child. The second patient had amenorrhea recurrence after tamoxifen discontinuation. After tamoxifen discontinuation, two patients with amenorrhea were treated with dydrogesterone to prevent endometrial hyperplasia. One patient who had a normal menstrual function before tamoxifen developed endometrial hyperplasia, which was the cause for separate diagnostic curettage and a reduction in the tamoxifen dose to 20 mg per day. One month after tamoxifen discontinuation, the patient naturally conceived and subsequently gave birth to twins. One patient underwent placement of an intrauterine system containing levonorgestrel 2 months before the start of tamoxifen.
Conclusion. Tamoxifen in combination with cabergoline provides an additional decrease in prolactin levels in patients with initial resistance to dopamine agonists. In patients with dopamine agonist-resistant prolactinomas and hypoestrogenemia, tamoxifen leads to normalization of the menstrual cycle.
Carbohydrate metabolism disorders in salicylate poisoning: diagnostic problems and physician’s tactics
Authors: Petryaykina Elena E. , Vykhristyuk Olga F. , Koltunov Igor E.
Published: December 2017

Drug poisoning, in particular poisoning with analgesics, is a topical problem in pediatrics. Poisoning signs are diverse, and interdisciplinary collaboration is important for managing these conditions. In this article, we discuss the diagnostic problems of salicylate poisoning, symptoms of which are similar to those in diabetes. In addition, ways to confirm the diagnosis and treatment modalities are described.
The hypoglicemic syndrome (insulinoma): topical, pathomorphological, and genetic diagnostics and treatment (review, part 2)
Authors: Yukina Marina Yu. , Nuralieva Nurana F. , Troshina Ekaterina A. , Kuznetsov Nikolay S. , Platonova Nadezhda M.
Published: December 2017

Insulinoma is the most common functioning tumor of the pancreas. It consists of β-cells of the Langerhans islets. Insulinoma is malignant in 10% of cases and multifocal in 10% of cases. This review discusses the new capabilities for identification of the exact location of insulinoma, in particular given the latest data on expression of different receptors in the tumor tissue. We discuss the modern concept of molecular and genetic aspects of insulinoma development. In particular, we analyze studies on germinal and somatic mutations and epigenetic abnormalities. We describe new biochemical markers of insulinoma, which may be used for differential diagnosis, timely detection of insulinoma recurrence and progression, individual prognosis, and monitoring of treatment. Also, we discuss application of antitumor medications and optimal drug correction of hypoglycemia in insulinoma patients.
Pediatric endocrine surgery development
Authors: Dedov Ivan I. , Peterkova Valentina A. , Kuznetsov Nikolay S. , Brovin Dmitriy N. , Danilenko Oleg S. , Anikiev Alexander V.
Published: December 2017

Отделение детской хирургии на базе ФГБУ “Эндокринологический научный центр” функционирует около двух лет. За время работы хирургическое лечение получили более 500 пациентов с различной эндокринной патологией. В статье обсуждаются современные диагностические подходы и выбор хирургической тактики при заболеваниях, входящих в круг интересов нового направления детской хирургии – эндокринной хирургии детского возраста. В рамках дискуссии обсуждаются варианты радикального лечения болезни Грейвса у детей, рассматриваются положительные и отрицательные стороны хирургического лечения и радиойодтерапии. Приводится собственная статистика послеоперационного гипопаратиреоза. Предлагается оптимизация алгоритма действий при выявлении узлового зоба у детей. При первичном гиперпаратиреозе делается акцент на сложностях послеоперационного ведения пациентов, связанных с особенностями детского возраста, определяющими остроту реакции на водно-электролитные нарушения. Отдельно рассмотрены данные литературы по заболеваниям надпочечников у детей, демонстрируются собственные клинические случаи, потребовавшие хирургического вмешательства. Освещаются возможности современной нейрохирургической техники, применяемой в Эндокринологическом научном центре при операциях на гипофизе у детей. Пациентам различных возрастных групп проводится трансназальное транссфеноидальное удаление опухолей хиазмально-селлярной области с применением эндоскопической ассистенции. В статье также приведены данные исследований в области изучения болезней поджелудочной железы и их хирургического лечения. Большое внимание уделяется гендерному разделу эндокринной хирургии детского возраста. Обсуждается тактика при нарушениях формирования пола, опухолях половых желез у детей, заболеваниях молочных желез. В заключение обрисовываются перспективы развития эндокринной хирургии детского возраста.
Extralaryngeal variants of the location of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Clinical observation in thyroid surgery
Authors: Malyuga Viktor Y. , Kuprin Aleksandr A.
Published: December 2017

Возвратный гортанный нерв может иметь множество анатомических вариантов при экстраларингеальном расположении, что нередко приводит к смене техники оперативного вмешательства в каждом конкретном случае. В статье описаны два клинических наблюдения выявления невозвращающегося возвратного гортанного нерва и дополнительных коллатеральных анастомозирующих структур возвратного гортанного нерва. Невозвращающийся возвратный гортанный нерв, по данным последних исследований, встречается в общей популяции несколько чаще (до 4,8%), чем может предположить практикующий хирург-эндокринолог. Выявление невозвращающегося возвратного гортанного нерва перед операцией является важным объектом исследований. По данным многих авторов, парезы гортани при невозвращающемся возвратном гортанном нерве увеличиваются в разы по сравнению с возвращающимся гортанным нервом. Функциональное и клиническое значение анастомозирующих структур возвратного гортанного нерва до сих пор остается неизвестным. Визуализация их во время операции – редкое явление. Это приводит к их неизбежному повреждению. Таким образом, альтернативой теории тракционных повреждений возвратного гортанного нерва мы видим повреждение его нестандартных анатомических вариантов и анастомозирующих структур. В связи с редкостью выявления таких вариантов экстраларингеального расположения возвратного гортанного нерва считаем целесообразным поделиться собственным опытом.
OPINIÓN: LA RESTAURACIÓN: UN PROCESO QUE NO RECUPERA LO IRRECUPERABLE
Authors: Giorgi Adonis
Published: December 2017

La Restauración: un proceso que no recupera lo irrecuperable
Rola mediacji dydaktycznej w rozwijaniu warsztatu poznawczego ucznia na lekcji języka obcego
Authors: Sujecka-Zając Jolanta
Published: December 2017

Each learning is, by its very nature, a situation of conflict as well as cognitive and socio-affective, and its intensity depends on the learner's existential competence (savoir-être) and individual differences. To learn effectively, one must regularly use cognitive tools that constitute the mental equipment of the person. The teacher as a mediator could encourage the learner to better use the tools he or she already has or to develop new tools that are missing for now. The theoretical remarks will be supported by examples from empirical research in which Didactic Dialogue has been used, which is an approach for didactic mediation in the language class.
Uczeń zdolny a udział w olimpiadzie językowej
Authors: Spychała-Wawrzyniak Małgorzata
Published: December 2017

Out of all foreign languages in Polish schools Spanish has achieved the most dynamic increase in popularity within the last few years. For those most fascinated with Spanish and its culture, there have been six editions of the National Spanish Contest in Poland, organised by the Modern Language Association of Poland in cooperation with Adam Mickiewicz University’s Institute of Romance Studies. The aim of the article is to present the assumptions and activities of the contest, targeted at the most gifted students, as well as to examine the ways in which the best ones among them prepared themselves, including the amount of time they spent analysing the program guidelines. We will try to address the question whether contest finalists are truly gifted students or merely ones with high language aptitude. Special focus will be placed on finalists’ work with their teachers. We are also going to consider possible challenges and problems, which they faced during the preparation process.
Nuda a praktyczna nauka języka angielskiego
Authors: Kruk Mariusz , Zawodniak Joanna
Published: December 2017

Although boredom is among the most common academic emotions experienced by students at all possible levels of education, so far it has not received due attention from SLA theorists and researchers. Accordingly, the present paper aims to discuss the concept of boredom from the L2 classroom perspective with a special regard to the university students of English Philology. In the first part the authors provide a definition, present two basic typologies and highlight the causes of boredom followed by a brief overview of research into boredom in educational settings, whereas the second part is intended to approach a phenomenon of boredom on an empirical basis. The authors report on both quantitative and qualitative research findings concerning the intensity of boredom as felt by the subjects during the practical English language classes. First, the numerical results obtained from the Boredom Proneness Scale and correlated to boredom experienced in practical English language classes are referred to. Then the qualitative data gathered from the students’ descriptions of boredom-related situations during the said classes are commented on. Finally, the authors proceed to propose certain L2 classroom boredom-coping options.
A Unifying Motif for Spatial and Directional Surround Suppression
Authors: Liu Liu D. , Miller Kenneth D. , Pack Christopher C.
Published: December 2017

In the visual system, the response to a stimulus in a neuron's receptive field can be modulated by stimulus context, and the strength of these contextual influences vary with stimulus intensity. Recent work has shown how a theoretical model, the stabilized supralinear network (SSN), can account for such modulatory influences, using a small set of computational mechanisms. Although the predictions of the SSN have been confirmed in primary visual cortex (V1), its computational principles apply with equal validity to any cortical structure. We have therefore tested the generality of the SSN by examining modulatory influences in the middle temporal area (MT) of the macaque visual cortex, using electrophysiological recordings and pharmacological manipulations. We developed a novel stimulus that can be adjusted parametrically to be larger or smaller in the space of all possible motion directions. We found, as predicted by the SSN, that MT neurons integrate across motion directions for low-contrast stimuli, but that they exhibit suppression by the same stimuli when they are high in contrast. These results are analogous to those found in visual cortex when stimulus size is varied in the space domain. We further tested the mechanisms of inhibition using pharmacological manipulations of inhibitory efficacy. As predicted by the SSN, local manipulation of inhibitory strength altered firing rates, but did not change the strength of surround suppression. These results are consistent with the idea that the SSN can account for modulatory influences along different stimulus dimensions and in different cortical areas.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual neurons are selective for specific stimulus features in a region of visual space known as the receptive field, but can be modulated by stimuli outside of the receptive field. The SSN model has been proposed to account for these and other modulatory influences, and tested in V1. As this model is not specific to any particular stimulus feature or brain region, we wondered whether similar modulatory influences might be observed for other stimulus dimensions and other regions. We tested for specific patterns of modulatory influences in the domain of motion direction, using electrophysiological recordings from MT. Our data confirm the predictions of the SSN in MT, suggesting that the SSN computations might be a generic feature of sensory cortex.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EFEKTIVITAS PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN HIV DARI IBU KE ANAK (PPIA) DI KOTA JAYAPURA
Authors: Tumangke Hesty , Tappy Melkior , Kendek Rispan
Published: December 2017

Abstrak

Provinsi Papua memiliki prevalensi HIV/AIDS tinggi, dimana terdapat 6957 wanita usia 15-49 tahun menderita HIV/AIDS. Masalah ini dapat menyebabkan penularan HIV/AIDS ke bayi bahkan kematian bayi karena HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlangsungan program PPIA.

Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam. Penelitian dilakukan di Jayapura, Dinas Kesehatan Kota Jayapura dari Januari 2015 sampai Juni 2015. Populasi penelitian adalah semua tenaga kesehatan di dinas kesehatan kota Jayapura, dan sampel nya adalah 12 orang mencakup kepala UPT AIDS TB, kepala seksi P2PL, kepala puksesmas, kepala KIA, staf KIA dan penanggung jawab HIV puskesmas. Pengambilan sampel adalah purposif sampling dan data dianalisis dengan triangulasi.

PPIA tidak berhasil karena rendah nya K1 dan juga K4, dimana ada puskesmas yang memiliki K4 hanya 58%. Di rumah sakit Abepura ditemukan 8 kelahiran bayi dengan HIV, hal ini karena ibu hamil positif yang tidak menkonsumsi ARV secara rutin sampai melahirkan. Rendah nya K1 juga disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yaitu ibu hamil lebih tertarik ke dokter praktek, suami yang tidak setuju bila istri nya mendapatkan tes VCT, dan rendah nya kesadaran ibu hamil akan pentingnya K1 sampai K4 dan juga VCT. Begitu juga dengan SIHA yang tidak berjalan dengan baik.

Kata kunci : Pencegahan HIV, Ibu hamil, bayi, Jayapura

 

Papua province has high prevalence of HIV/AIDS where there was 6957 cases among women age 15-49 years old. Moreover, this increasedthe number of infants with HIV and impact the rise of infant mortality rate.This study aims to analize factors that affected this HIV prevention from mother to child.

This study is qualitative using indeep interview, and located in Jayapura City from January 2015 to June 2015. The population is all staffs in Jayapura’s Health Department, and the total sample is 12 including head of this program, staff of local primary care, staf of hospital, and staffs that have responsibily to run this program. This is purposive sampling, and data will analize with triangulation.

HIV prevention is not success due to the low rate of pregnant women visit to local primary care. There was a local primary care that only has 58% of pregnant women visit. In Abepura hospital 2015, there was 8 cases of childborn with HIV. This is because many positive mothers did not consum ARV. The low visit in local primary care has several causes such as mother more willing to go to private obsetric, treat from husband where husband  didn’t allow VCT to his wive, and the low self efficacy of pregnant mother. The HIV report system is not well implemented.

Key words : HIV Prevention, pregnant mother, infant, Jayapura
Tratamiento odontológico multidisciplinario de un paciente complejo con fisura labiopalatina bilateral
Authors: Leiva Villagra Noemí , Saavedra Layera Loreto , Pantoja Parada Roberto
Published: December 2017

La fisura labiopalatina es la malformación congénita más común entre las anomalías de cabeza y cuello. Impacta directamente en la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia por lo que el manejo multidisciplinario y oportuno de sus secuelas resulta fundamental para el crecimiento y desarrollo del paciente. El objetivo de este caso clínico fue mostrar el manejo odontológico integral de una paciente con fisura labiopalatina bilateral, sexo femenino, 14 años de edad, que acudió junto a su madre al Instituto de Malformaciones Craneofaciales de la Universidad de Chile porque deseaban una solución a su estética facial alterada y corrección de la malposición dentaria. Mediante el manejo multidisciplinario se buscó alcanzar un adecuado funcionamiento del sistema estomatognático y corregir la estética para lo cual fue sometida a un tratamiento ortodóncico, quirúrgico y rehabilitador. Tras ello se obtuvieron resultados positivos en relación a una oclusión funcional y una satisfactoria estética dental y facial. En conclusión, el manejo multidisciplinario plantea un desafío para el odontólogo desde el momento en que se desea obtener resultados favorables brindando un enfoque más amplio de las alternativas de tratamiento para los pacientes, lo cual no implica optar por el tratamiento ideal, sino más bien por la mejor alternativa tanto funcional como estética para que el paciente pueda escoger lo adecuado, según sus posibilidades y expectativas.
Fisura labiopalatina bilateral y su abordaje odontológico multidisciplinario. Reporte de caso
Authors: Leiva Villagra Noemí , Saavedra Layera Loreto , Carranza Morales Francisca
Published: December 2017

La fisura labiopalatina es una malformación congénita craneofacial que se desarrolla a partir de defectos embriológicos durante la formación de la cara. Las anomalías se presentan fundamentalmente en el labio superior, la premaxila, el paladar y en el piso nasal. A continuación se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente que ingresó a los 7 años de edad diagnosticada con fisura de labio y paladar bilateral tratada en la Unidad de Malformaciones Craneofaciales de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile. La paciente presentaba una relación clase III esqueletal, falta de desarrollo del tercio medio facial, posición protruida de la premaxila, una maloclusión molar Clase III bilateral acompañada de malposición y apiñamiento dentario. Se realizó tratamiento ortopédico de expansión maxilar y posteriormente ortodóncico con aparatología fija. Posterior a la extracción de los dientes supernumerarios, cirugía de injerto óseo y gingivoperiosteoplastía, se derivó a un rehabilitador quien realizó un puente adhesivo y carillas dentales, devolviendo la estética al sector anterosuperior. Para finalizar, se instaló en la paciente placas removibles de contención tanto superior como inferior. De esta manera, se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios en términos de una oclusión funcional, estable y estética.
Conocimiento y actitud de médicos residentes de pediatría sobre caries dental en niños, Paraguay
Authors: Díaz-Reissner Clarisse , Quintana-Molinas María , Morel-Barrios Milner , Espínola-Canata Miriam , Pérez-Bejarano Nohelia
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: Determinar el conocimiento y la actitud acerca de la prevención de caries dental en el niño, en médicos residentes de la especialidad troncal de pediatría, de la XI y XVIII Región Sanitaria (Departamento Central y Asunción) del Paraguay, en el año 2015. Materiales y método: Estudio de diseño transversal. Se administró un cuestionario solicitándose datos demográficos y académicos, el cuestionario contó con 10 preguntas sobre conocimiento de caries dental y seis preguntas sobre actitud. Resultados: Participaron 98 médicos residentes de la especialidad de Pediatría. Más de la mitad fueron egresados de universidades privadas (53,06%), procedieron de Asunción (65,31%) y fueron mujeres (68,37%). El 83,67% tuvo conocimiento insuficiente sobre prevención de caries dental, el 16,33% obtuvo conocimiento regular y ninguno obtuvo conocimiento bueno. El 96,94% mostró una actitud positiva, el 3,16% una actitud indiferente y ninguno tuvo actitud negativa acerca del papel del pediatra en la prevención de la caries dental. Conclusiones: En la mayoría de médicos residentes, el conocimiento fue insuficiente y la actitud positiva. A tal efecto, desde la formación académica se debería incentivar la promoción y prevención sobre salud bucodental del infante como corresponsabilidad del pediatra.
Aplicación de la toxina botulínica para la armonización de la sonrisa gingival. Presentación de caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Gregnanin Pedron Irineu , Aulestia-Viera Patricia Verónica
Published: December 2017

La toxina botulínica (TB) es una proteína de origen bacteriana que causa el debilitamiento temporal de la actividad muscular. En la Odontología ha sido indicada para tratar disturbios musculares como la disfunción temporomandibular, distonía orofacial y el bruxismo; sin embargo, todavía es poco utilizada en procedimientos estéticos odontológicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el caso de una paciente portadora de sonrisa gingival que fue tratada con la aplicación de TB evitando procedimientos quirúrgicos resectivos. Después de la aplicación de anestesia local, fue realizada la inyección de dos unidades de toxina botulínica tipo A en la región lateral a cada narina de la paciente. La aplicación de TB causó la dehiscencia uniforme del labio superior, reduciendo la exposición gingival y alcanzando resultados satisfactorios para la paciente. Concluimos que la toxina botulínica tipo A es una opción terapéutica poco invasiva, rápida, segura y eficaz, que produce resultados armónicos. Debe ser considerada por el dentista como una alternativa en la corrección, finalización o complementación de procedimientos estéticos, incrementando la calidad de vida y la autoestima de los pacientes.