bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controllable Interface Engineering for the Preparation of High Rate Silicon Anode
Authors: Wang Lei , Lu Ji‐Jun , Li Shao‐Yuan , Xi Feng‐Shuo , Tong Zhong‐Qiu , Chen Xiu‐Hua , Wei Kui‐Xian , Ma Wen‐Hui
Published: April 2024

Silicon (Si) is considered to be the promising candidate anode for the next generation of high‐energy‐density batteries. However, the poor initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and rate performance severely hinder its commercial development. Here, fully exploits the 2D structure of photovoltaic silicon waste (PV‐WSi), combining with the advantage of controllable depositing layers offered by fluidized bed atomic layer deposition (FBALD), to simultaneously achieve high ICE and highrate performance of Si‐based anodes. The characteristic of Li+ embedding vertically into the plane direction of the 2D sheet‐like structure of PV‐WSi helps shorten the diffusion distance, alleviating the pulverization problem caused by volume expansion. FBALD is utilized to controllably deposit Li2O (≈1 nm) and TiO2 (≈4 nm) layers to compensate for the loss of Li sources, further suppressing the volume expansion of Si and isolating the side reactions between Si and electrolyte. The prepared Si@Li2O@TiO2 demonstrates ultrahigh ICE (90.9%) and outstanding rate performance (>900 mAh g−1 at a rate of 20 A g−1). Full cells with the Si@Li2O@TiO2 anode and LiFePO4 cathode deliver a stable capacity of 100 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.5 C. This work provides new ideas for the development of high ICE, high‐rate Si‐based anodes based on low‐cost photovoltaic waste.
Multiscale Phonon Scattering for Ultra‐Low Thermal Conductivity in Co‐Doped ZrCoBi Half‐Heusler
Authors: Bao Xin , Liu Kejia , Xue Wenhua , Yao Honghao , Ma Xiaojing , Li Xiaofang , Ye Sheng , Cao Feng , Mao Jun , Zhang Qian
Published: April 2024

ZrCoBi‐based half‐Heuslers have great potential in thermoelectric power generation due to their high performance in both n‐ and p‐type constituents. In this work, Te and Ni is adopted as an n‐type co‐dopant to increase the carrier concentration and lower the lattice thermal conductivity of ZrCoBi. By further alloying with Sb at the Bi site, a large number of scattering centers of different scales are introduced, significantly reducing the lattice thermal conductivity to ≈1.2 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K and ≈0.96 W m−1 K−1 at 973 K in ZrCo0.94Ni0.06Bi0.775Te0.075Sb0.15. Consequently, the state‐of‐the‐art figure‐of‐merit zT ≈1.2 is achieved, and the average zT reached ≈0.66, which is higher than all of the reported n‐type ZrCoSb‐based and ZrCoBi‐based half‐Heusler alloys. This work provides an effective pathway for optimizing n‐type ZrCoBi alloys, laying the foundation for their further development and application in thermoelectric power generation.
Multimodal Technologies for Closed‐Loop Neural Modulation and Sensing
Authors: Li Lizhu , Zhang Bozhen , Zhao Wenxin , Sheng David , Yin Lan , Sheng Xing , Yao Dezhong
Published: April 2024

Existing methods for studying neural circuits and treating neurological disorders are typically based on physical and chemical cues to manipulate and record neural activities. These approaches often involve predefined, rigid, and unchangeable signal patterns, which cannot be adjusted in real time according to the patient's condition or neural activities. With the continuous development of neural interfaces, conducting in vivo research on adaptive and modifiable treatments for neurological diseases and neural circuits is now possible. In this review, current and potential integration of various modalities to achieve precise, closed‐loop modulation, and sensing in neural systems are summarized. Advanced materials, devices, or systems that generate or detect electrical, magnetic, optical, acoustic, or chemical signals are highlighted and utilized to interact with neural cells, tissues, and networks for closed‐loop interrogation. Further, the significance of developing closed‐loop techniques for diagnostics and treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, depression, rehabilitation of spinal cord injury patients, and exploration of brain neural circuit functionality is elaborated.
Stimuli‐Mediated Macrophage Switching, Unraveling the Dynamics at the Nanoplatforms–Macrophage Interface
Authors: Ganguly Keya , Luthfikasari Rachmi , Randhawa Aayushi , Dutta Sayan Deb , Patil Tejal V. , Acharya Rumi , Lim Ki‐Taek
Published: April 2024

Macrophages play an essential role in immunotherapy and tissue regeneration owing to their remarkable plasticity and diverse functions. Recent bioengineering developments have focused on using external physical stimuli such as electric and magnetic fields, temperature, and compressive stress, among others, on micro/nanostructures to induce macrophage polarization, thereby increasing their therapeutic potential. However, it is difficult to find a concise review of the interaction between physical stimuli, advanced micro/nanostructures, and macrophage polarization. This review examines the present research on physical stimuli‐induced macrophage polarization on micro/nanoplatforms, emphasizing the synergistic role of fabricated structure and stimulation for advanced immunotherapy and tissue regeneration. A concise overview of the research advancements investigating the impact of physical stimuli, including electric fields, magnetic fields, compressive forces, fluid shear stress, photothermal stimuli, and multiple stimulations on the polarization of macrophages within complex engineered structures, is provided. The prospective implications of these strategies in regenerative medicine and immunotherapeutic approaches are highlighted. This review will aid in creating stimuli‐responsive platforms for immunomodulation and tissue regeneration.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Nitrocyclopropanes Bearing a Thioester Group and Three Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Wang Bingfu , Liu Jian , Jin Hui , Zhang Lixin
Published: April 2024

A two‐stage protocol was developed for accessing nitrocyclopropanes that bear a thioester group and three stereogenic centers. This protocol achieves practical overall yields ranging from 54% to 75%, along with high levels of stereoselectivity (single diastereomer with up to 98% ee). Brominated monothiomalonate (Br‐MTM) is used as an α‐bromo thioacetate equivalent, which reacts efficiently with nitroolefins in the presence of a low catalyst loading (0.5 mol%) of cinchona alkaloid squaramide under both “on water” and organic homogeneous conditions. The obtained α‐bromo‐γ‐nitrothioesters undergo an anti‐selective decarboxylation and intramolecular SN2 cyclization process, leading to the formation of desired cyclopropanes. Control experiments were conducted alongside computational studies in order to gain insights into the observed stereoselectivities.
Reductive Sn2+ Compensator for Efficient and Stable Sn‐Pb Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Qiuxiang , Xiong Jiaxing , Xing Yanjun , Gan Xinlei , Zhu Wendong , Xuan Rong , Liu Xiaohui , Huang Like , Zhu Yuejin , Zhang Jing
Published: April 2024

Tin‐lead (Sn‐Pb) mixed perovskite with a narrow bandgap is an ideal candidate for single‐junction solar cells approaching the Shockley‐Queisser limit. However, due to the easy oxidation of Sn2+, the efficiency and stability of Sn‐Pb mixed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still lag far behind that of Pb‐based solar cells. Herein, highly efficient and stable FA0.5MA0.5Pb0.5Sn0.5I0.47Br0.03 compositional PSCs are achieved by introducing an appropriate amount of multifunctional Tin (II) oxalate (SnC2O4). SnC2O4 with compensative Sn2+ and reductive oxalate group C2O42− effectively passivates the cation and anion defects simultaneously, thereby leading to more n‐type perovskite films. Benefitting from the energy level alignment and the suppression of bulk nonradiative recombination, the Sn‐Pb mixed perovskite solar cell treated with SnC2O4 achieves a power conversion efficiency of 21.43%. More importantly, chemically reductive C2O42− effectively suppresses the notorious oxidation of Sn2+, leading to significant enhancement in stability. Particularly, it dramatically improves light stability.
Universal Approach to Direct Spatiotemporal Dynamic In Situ Optical Visualization of On‐Catalyst Water Splitting Electrochemical Processes
Authors: Bahuguna Gaurav , Patolsky Fernando
Published: April 2024

Electrochemical reactions are the unrivaled backbone of next‐generation energy storage, energy conversion, and healthcare devices. However, the real‐time visualization of electrochemical reactions remains the bottleneck for fully exploiting their intrinsic potential. Herein, for the first time, a universal approach to direct spatiotemporal‐dynamic in situ optical visualization of pH‐based as well as specific byproduct‐based electrochemical reactions is performed. As a highly relevant and impactful example, in‐operando optical visualization of on‐catalyst water splitting processes is performed in neutral water/seawater. HPTS (8‐hydroxypyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonicacid), known for its exceptional optical capability of detecting even the tiniest pH changes allows the unprecedented “spatiotemporal” real‐time visualization at the electrodes. As a result, it is unprecedentedly revealed that at a critical cathode‐to‐anode distance, the bulk‐electrolyte “self‐neutralization” phenomenon can be achieved during the water splitting process, leading to the practical realization of enhanced additive‐free neutral water splitting. Furthermore, it is experimentally unveiled that at increasing electrolyte flow rates, a swift and severe inhibition of the concomitantly forming acidic and basic ‘fronts’, developed at anode and cathode compartments are observed, thus acting as a “buffering” mechanism. To demonstrate the universal applicability of this elegant strategy which is not limited to pH changes, the technique is extended to visualization of hypochlorite/ chlorine at the anode during electrolysis of sea water using N‐(4‐butanoic acid) dansylsulfonamide (BADS). Thus, a unique experimental tool that allows real‐time spatiotemporal visualization and simultaneous mechanistic investigation of complex electrochemical processes is developed that can be universally extended to various fields of research.
Vacancy and Growth Modulation of Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate by Porous MXene for Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Maiwen , Zhao Weinan , Yang Tingzhou , Gao Rui , Luo Dan , Park Hey Woong , Hu Yongfeng , Yu Aiping
Published: April 2024

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) featuring with 3D open framework are recognized as promising cathode candidates for Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). However, challenges such as unsatisfactory active site utilization, low conductivity, and abundant structural vacancies have impeded fulfillment of their potential. In this work, a conductive in‐plane porous MXene is for the first time adopted as a multifunctional host material to enhance cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) growth and crystallinity. Particularly, the uniform surface charges on MXene are identified to induce anisotropic and highly crystalline CoHCF, which are critical to alleviating the practical drawbacks associated with the PBAs family. Empowered by the targeted modification, the CoHCF nanotube/MXene composite realizes high surface area and low defectiveness, resulting in an impressive capacity of 197 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and capacity retention of 95.3% over 3000 cycles at 2.0 A g−1. X‐ray spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) reveal that Co─C bonds in the heterostructure facilitate rapid electron/Zn‐ion transfer, enhancing Zn storage kinetics. To validate practical applicability, pouch cells incorporating Zn|CoHCF/MXene are further examined. This composition strategy, utilizing MXene as a multifunctional template, enhances the surface area, conductivity, and crystallinity of PBAs as cathodes for ZIBs, showcasing the significant potential for large‐scale energy storage applications.
Higher apical meristem in tall fescue as adaptation strategy to recurring short‐term inundation
Authors: Miquilini Marina , Ribeiro Ricardo Henrique , Bauman Spencer , Lyon Steve W. , Chiavegato Marília B.
Published: April 2024

Soil inundation frequency and intensity in the central United States are predicted to increase because of climate change. Soil inundation is expected to negatively affect plant growth and persistency. Our objective was to measure tiller and apical meristem height, leaf area index (LAI), and leaf‐to‐stem ratio effects on tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.)) under different levels of soil inundation intensity. The study was conducted on a commercial farm in northwestern Ohio, from spring to fall 2021. Three different levels of inundation were observed and assigned as treatments: no inundation, low inundation (LI), and high inundation (HI). LI and HI were defined by the duration on which the soil was inundated after heavy rain events: 1–2 and 3–5 days after rain, respectively. Meristem and tiller height were higher during spring (p < 0.001), and lower in late summer across treatments (p < 0.001). The higher LAI and leaf‐to‐stem ratio occurred in spring, probably due to higher leaf mass (p < 0.001). As seasons progressed, plant and meristem height, LAI, and leaf mass decreased (p < 0.001). Despite not being considered an inundation‐tolerant species, tall fescue showed morphological adaptation to the inundation levels of our study, suggesting that this species can be used to manage fields prone to short‐term inundation.
High risk of multiple gastric cancers in Japanese individuals with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Kanaya Nobuhiko , van Schaik Thijs A. , Aoki Hideki , Sato Yumiko , Taniguchi Fumitaka , Shigeyasu Kunitoshi , Sugano Kokichi , Akagi Kiwamu , Ishida Hideyuki , Tanakaya Kohji
Published: April 2024

Aim

Lynch syndrome (LS) is a dominantly inherited syndrome characterized by an increased risk for LS associated tumors such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC). However, the clinical benefit of surveillance for GC remains unclear while it has already been recommended for CRC. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical features of GC in Japanese individuals with LS, and the risk of developing multiple GCs to build regional‐tailored surveillance programs in LS patients with GC.

Methods

Data on Japanese individuals with LS were retrospectively collected from a single institution. The clinical features of GC, including the cumulative risk of multiple GCs, were analyzed.

Results

Among 96 individuals with LS (MLH1/MSH2/MSH6, 75:20:1), 32 GC lesions were detected in 15 individuals with LS (male/female, 11:4). The median age at initial GC diagnosis was 52.7 y (range: 28–71). Histological examination revealed a predominance of intestinal type (19/24: 87.5%). Moreover, the majority of the GC lesions (82%) were determined to have high‐frequency of microsatellite instability. The cumulative risk of individuals with LS developing GC at 70 y was 31.3% (MLH1 36.1%, MSH2 18.0%). Notably, the cumulative risk of individuals with LS developing metachronous and/or synchronous GCs at 0, 10 and 20 y after initial diagnosis of GC was 26.7%, 40.7%, and 59.4%, respectively.

Conclusion

Due to a higher risk of developing multiple GCs, intensive surveillance might be especially recommended for Japanese individuals with LS associated initial GC.
In‐situ elemental reaction‐regulated Ag2S films enable the best thermoelectric performances
Authors: Xing Chengcheng , Qi Ruijuan , Chang Yi , Ma Xiaoming , Lei Yan , Zang Shuangquan , Zheng Zhi
Published: April 2024

Silver sulfide thin film, with excellent thermoelectric properties, is few reported due to the complex and time‐consuming high‐temperature or high‐pressure synthesis process. Here, a fast ionic conductor n‐type Ag2S film with good crystallinity and uniform density is prepared by sputtering metal Ag films of different thicknesses on glass and then reacting in S precursor solution at low temperature. At 450 K, β‐Ag2S films can be obtained and underwent a phase transition from α‐Ag2S monoclinic, which had a significant effect on their electrical and thermal properties. The grain size of Ag2S films increases with the increase of film thickness. Before and after the phase transition, the carrier concentration and mobility cause obvious changes in the electrical properties of Ag2S. The carrier concentration of body‐centered cubic phase β‐Ag2S is about three orders of magnitude higher than that of monoclinic phase α‐Ag2S, and the mobility is also 2–3 times that of the latter. Especially, after the phase transition, the conductivity of β‐Ag2S rises exponentially from the zero conductivity of α‐Ag2S and increases with the increase of temperature. The Ag2S film shows the highest figure of merit of 0.83 ± 0.30 at 600 K from the sample with ∼1600 nm thickness, which is the highest record among Ag2S‐based thermoelectric materials reported so far.
Three cases of neutralization of factor Xa inhibitors with andexanet alfa under rotational thromboelastography monitoring
Authors: Yagi Takeshi , Kawano Reina , Tomokage Takuto , Ayata Ryo , Koga Yasutaka , Kaneda Kotaro , Fujita Motoki , Yamanaka Nanami , Mori Naomasa , Tsuruta Ryosuke
Published: April 2024

Background

Factor Xa inhibitors are direct oral anticoagulants that are extremely useful in clinical applications, safe, and do not require dose adjustment. It is desirable to be able to monitor their effects in the event of hemorrhagic complications requiring neutralization. However, it is difficult to monitor their activity and neutralization using conventional coagulation tests.

Case Presentation

We report three patients taking factor Xa inhibitors who underwent rotational thromboelastography (ROTEM) monitoring before and after neutralization with andexanet alfa. All three patients had hemorrhagic complications that required neutralization of their factor Xa inhibitors using andexanet alfa. One ROTEM parameter, the EXTEM clotting time (EXTEM‐CT), was immediately shortened after andexanet alfa bolus administration, without subsequent extension of the EXTEM‐CT assessed 4 h after the bolus dose.

Conclusion

ROTEM parameters, particularly EXTEM‐CT, might be useful for monitoring neutralization of factor Xa inhibitors.
Survival of a hemodynamically unstable pediatric liver trauma patient with aortic balloon occlusion catheter during air transport: A case report
Authors: Miyake Yuichi , Okishio Yuko , Shibata Naoaki , Kawashima Shuji , Nasu Toru , Ueda Kentaro
Published: April 2024

Background

The utility of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in children remains unclear.

Case Presentation

An 11‐year‐old patient with liver trauma with massive extravasation was transported to a local hospital, where an emergency trauma surgery was unavailable. Following the placement of REBOA as a bridge to hemostasis, she was transferred to our hospital by a firefighting helicopter with balloon occlusion. Immediately, she underwent damage control laparotomy and transcatheter arterial embolization. She was subsequently discharged from the hospital 6 months after the accident without complications.

Conclusion

REBOA as a bridge to hemostasis may be useful for pediatric patients.
A New Family of High Oxidation State Antiperovskite Nitrides: La3MN5 (M=Cr, Mn and Mo)
Authors: Yuan Yao , Yang Minghui , Kloß Simon D. , Attfield J. Paul
Published: April 2024

Three new nitrides La3MN5 (M=Cr, Mn, and Mo) have been synthesized using a high pressure azide route. These are the first examples of ternary Cs3CoCl5‐type nitrides, and show that this (MN4)NLa3 antiperovskite structure type may be used to stabilise high oxidation‐state transition metals in tetrahedral molecular [MN4]n− nitridometallate anions. Magnetic measurements confirm that Cr and Mo are in the M6+ state, but the M=Mn phase has an anomalously small paramagnetic moment and large cell volume. Neutron powder diffraction data are fitted using an anion‐excess La3MnN5.30 model (space group I4/mcm, a=6.81587(9) Å and c=11.22664(18) Å at 200 K) in which Mn is close to the +7 state. Excess‐anion incorporation into Cs3CoCl5‐type materials has not been previously reported, and this or other substitution mechanisms may enable many other high oxidation state transition metal nitrides to be prepared.
Desulfurdioxidative N‐N Coupling of N‐Arylhydroxylamines and N‐Sulfinylanilines: Reaction Development and Mechanism
Authors: Li Linwei , Zhou Yi , Xi Zhenguo , Guo Zhaoquan , Duan Ji‐Cheng , Yu Zhi‐Xiang , Gao Hongyin
Published: April 2024

A highly efficient and chemoselective approach for the divergent assembling of unsymmetrical hydrazines through an unprecedented intermolecular desulfurdioxidative N−N coupling is developed. This metal free protocol employs readily accessible N‐arylhydroxylamines and N‐sulfinylanilines to provide highly valuable hydrazine products with good reaction yields and excellent functional group tolerance under simple conditions. Computational studies suggest that the in situ generated O‐sulfenylated arylhydroxylamine intermediate undergoes a retro‐[2π+2σ] cycloaddition via a stepwise diradical mechanism to form the N−N bond and release SO2.
Reversal of the Regioselectivity of Iron‐Promoted Hydrogenation and Hydrohalogenation of gem‐Difluoroalkenes
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Yang , Zhang Yuchen , Xue Xiao‐Song , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: April 2024

The reaction regioselectivity of gem‐difluoroalkenes is dependent on the intrinsic polarity. Thus, the reversal of the regioselectivity of the addition reaction of gem‐difluoroalkenes remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we described an unprecedented reversal of regioselectivity of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to gem‐difluoroalkenes triggered by Fe−H species for the formation of difluoroalkyl radicals. Hydrogenation of the in situ generated radicals gave difluoromethylated products. Mechanism experiments and theoretical studies revealed that the kinetic effect of the irreversible HAT process resulted in the reversal of the regioselectivity of this scenario, leading to the formation of a less stable α‐difluoroalkyl radical regioisomer. On basis of this new reaction of gem‐difluoroalkene, the iron‐promoted hydrohalogenation of gem‐difluoroalkenes for the efficient synthesis of aliphatic chlorodifluoromethyl‐, bromodifluoromethyl‐ and iododifluoromethyl‐containing compounds was developed. Particularly, this novel hydrohalogenation of gem‐difluoroalkenes provided an effect and large‐scale access to various iododifluoromethylated compounds of high value for synthetic application.
Assembly of manganese dioxide/polypyrrole electrode//activated carbon flexible asymmetric supercapacitor with excellent electrochemical performances
Authors: Ma Shaoning , Wang Wei , Huang Ruimin , Hou Jiao , Wang Xingwei , Che Xingke , Ren Qiang , Li Yixuan , Hou Chunping
Published: April 2024

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) often suffers from a slow electron transport, and so improving the charge transport capability of MnO2 is imminent. In here, crossed MnO2 nanosheets grown on carbon cloth (CC) are fabricated firstly and subsequently coated with a layer of polypyrrole (PPy) to prepare CC/MnO2/PPy (CC/MP) electrode. At 1 A g−1, the prepared electrode is able to deliver a specific capacitance of 328 F g−1. The flexible asymmetric supercapacitor consists of CC/MP and CC/activated carbon (CC/AC) separately as positive and negative electrodes and PVA‐H2SO4 as gel electrolyte. The assembled device exhibits a specific capacitance of 123.96 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1, reaches a voltage window of 1.6 V, has a capacitance retention of 96.46% after 8000 cycles, and produces an energy density of 25.67 W h kg−1 at a power density of 401.79 W kg−1, as well as an energy density of 8.78 W h kg−1 at a power density of 3902.22 W kg−1. The two devices in series can illuminate 1.8 V red light‐emitting diode (LED) light. These excellent electrochemical properties are ascribed to the unique heterostructure of the electrode composite. The outcomes indicate that the prepared CC/MP electrode and the corresponding device have huge potential applications in next‐generation high‐performance supercapacitor devices.
Cobalt‐Based Nanoscale Material: An Emerging Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Samanta Arnab , Dutta Basudeb , Halder Shibashis
Published: April 2024

Modern civilization has been highly suffering from energy crisis and environmental pollutions. These two burning issues are directly and indirectly created from fossil fuel consumption and uncontrolled industrialization. The above critical issue can be solved through the proper utilization of green energy sources where no greenhouse gases will be generated upon burning of such materials. Hydrogen is the most eligible candidate for this purpose. Among various methods of hydrogen generation, electrocatalytic process is one of the most efficient methods because of easy handling and high efficiency. In these aspects Co‐based nanomaterials are considered to be extremely significant as they can be utilized as efficient, recyclable and ideal catalytic system. In this article a series of Co‐based nano‐electrocatalysts has been discussed with proper structure‐property relationship and their medium dependency. Therefore, such type of stimulating summary on recently reported electrocatalysts and their activity may be helpful for scientists of the corresponding field as well as for broader research communities. This can be inspiration for materials researchers to fabricate active catalysts for the production of hydrogen gas in room temperature.
Integrated untargeted and targeted testicular metabolomics to reveal the regulated mechanism of Gushudan on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis of kidney‐yang‐deficiency‐syndrome rats
Authors: Lou Yanwei , Liang Qinghua , Xin Ling , Ren Mengxin , Hang Qian , Qin Feng , Xiong Zhili
Published: April 2024

Modern studies have shown that neuroendocrine disorders caused by the dysfunction of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis are one of the important pathogenetic mechanisms of kidney‐yang‐deficiency‐syndrome (KYDS). The preventive effect of Gushudan on KYDS has been reported, but its regulatory mechanisms on the HPG axis have not been elucidated. In this study, we developed an integrated untargeted and targeted metabolomics analysis strategy to investigate the regulatory mechanism of Gushudan on the HPG axis in rats with KYDS. In untargeted metabolomics, we screened 14 potential biomarkers such as glycine, lysine, and glycerol that were significantly associated with the HPG axis. To explore the effect of changes in the levels of potential biomarkers on KYDS, all of them were quantified in targeted metabolomics. With the quantitative results, correlations between potential biomarkers and testosterone, a functional indicator of the HPG axis, were explored. The results showed that oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and energy depletion, induced by metabolic disorders in rats, were responsible for the decrease in testosterone levels. Gushudan improves metabolic disorders and restores testosterone levels, thus restoring HPG axis dysfunction. This finding elucidates the special metabolic characteristics of KYDS and the therapeutic mechanism of Gushudan from a new perspective.
A New Insight Into The Huisgen Reaction: Heterogeneous Copper Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted Triazole (From 2018–2023)
Authors: Kasana Shivani , Nigam Vaibhav , Singh Surbhi , Kurmi Balak Das , Patel Preeti
Published: April 2024

The Huisgen cycloaddition, often referred to as 1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition, is a well‐established method for synthesizing 1,4‐disubstituted triazoles. Originally conducted under thermal conditions [3+2] cycloaddition reactions were limited by temperature, prolonged reaction time, and regioselectivity. The introduction of copper catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) revitalized interest, giving rise to the concept of “click chemistry”. The CuAAC has emerged as a prominent method for producing 1,2,3‐triazole with excellent yields and exceptional regioselectivity even in unfavorable conditions. Copper catalysts conventionally facilitate azide‐alkyne cycloadditions, but challenges include instability and recycling issues. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for heterogeneous and porous catalysts in various chemical reactions. Chemists have been more interested in heterogenous catalysts as a result of the difficulties in separating homogenous catalysts from reaction products. These catalysts are favored for their abundant active sites, extensive surface area, easy separation from reaction mixtures, and the ability to be reused. Heterogeneous catalysts have garnered significant attention due to their broad industrial utility, characterized by cost‐effectiveness, stability, resistance to thermal degradation, and ease of removal compared to their homogeneous counterparts. The present review covers recent advancements from year 2018 to 2023 in the field of click reactions for obtaining 1,2,3‐triazoles through Cu catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar azide‐alkyne cycloaddition and the properties of the catalyst, reaction conditions such as solvent, temperature, reaction time, and the impact of different heterogeneous copper catalysts on product yield.
Using Ping‐pong technique along with rapid inflate‐deflate ballooning to solve total left main occlusion during transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure
Authors: Damarkusuma Arditya , Johar Sofian , Patel Billal , Yung Chea Chin
Published: April 2024

Coronary obstruction during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) poses a significant threat, prompting a closer examination of prevention and bailout strategies. Following TAVR deployment with a coronary artery obstruction complication and recognizing the complexities involved in engaging the left main coronary artery through TAVR cells. This case introduces the “Ping‐pong” technique using a second guide catheter. When faced with difficulty in engaging the catheter through TAVR cells, an innovative solution is proposed. Inserting a wire into the valsalva and utilizing a rapid inflate‐deflate balloon maneuver successfully facilitates catheter access into the left main, offering a promising intervention for challenging scenarios. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the severe implications of coronary obstruction during TAVR. The innovative “Ping‐pong” technique and rapid inflate‐deflate balloons emerge as valuable interventions, showcasing their potential in challenging catheter engagement scenarios. These insights offer a promising avenue for enhancing patient outcomes in TAVR procedures.
Charge‐Transfer Complexes: Halogen‐Doped Anthracene as a Case of Study
Authors: Gilioli Simone , Giovanardi Roberto , Ferrari Camilla , Montecchi Monica , Gemelli Andrea , Severini Andrea , Roncaglia Fabrizio , Carella Alberta , Rossella Francesco , Vanossi Davide , Marchetti Andrea , Carmieli Raanan , Pasquali Luca , Fontanesi Claudio
Published: April 2024

Charge transfer (CT) crystals exhibit unique electronic and magnetic properties with interesting applications. We present a rational and easy guide which allows to foresee the effective charge transfer co‐crystal production and that is based on the comparison of the frontier molecular orbital (MO) energies of a donor and acceptor couple. For the sake of comparison, theoretical calculations have been carried out by using the cheap and fast PM6 semiempirical Hamiltonian and pure HF/cc‐pVTZ level of the theory. The results are then compared with experimental results obtained both by chemical (bromine and iodine were used as the acceptor) and electrochemical doping (exploiting an original experimental set‐up by this laboratory: the electrochemical transistor). Infra‐red vibrational experimental results and theoretically calculated spectra are compared to assess both the effective donor‐acceptor (D/A) charge‐transfer and transport mechanism (giant IRAV polaron signature). XPS spectra have been collected (carbon (1 s) and iodine (3d5/2)) signals, yielding further evidence of the effective formation of the CT anthracene:iodine complex.
A Simple Test for Determining the Late‐Maturity Alpha‐Amylase Susceptibility Window in Wheat
Authors: Kelly John H. , Thompson Alison L. , Hauvermale Amber L.
Published: April 2024

Late‐maturity alpha‐amylase or LMA is a weather‐related event that lowers the quality of affected grain, resulting in sticky breads, cakes, and noodles with unattractive and undesirable textures. Grain that has been affected by LMA, or that is susceptible to LMA, cannot be identified by sight alone due to varietal‐ and environmental‐induced differences in appearance and differences in rates of development. Techniques that allow for rapid identification of the LMA susceptibility window in wheat and knowledge of the weather events that lead to LMA can empower growers to manage and mitigate LMA‐induced profit loss. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Radical Sulfonylative‐Cyclization Cascade of 1,6‐Enynol Derivatives with Sulfinic Acids: A Sustainable Approach for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Benzoheteroles
Authors: Haritha Kumari Arram , Jagadesh Kumar Jangam , Sharadha Nunavath , Rama Krishna Gamidi , Jannapu Reddy Raju
Published: April 2024

Benzoheteroles are promising structural scaffolds in the realm of medicinal chemistry, but sustainable synthesis of 2,3‐difunctionalized benzoheterole derivatives is still in high demand. Indeed, we have conceptually rationalized the intrinsic reactivity of propargylic‐enyne systems for the flexible construction of 2,3‐disubstituted benzoheteroles through radical sulfonylative‐cyclization cascade under organophotoredox catalysis. We hereby report an efficient visible‐light‐induced sulfonyl radical‐triggered cyclization of 1,6‐enynols with sulfinic acids under the dual catalytic influence of 4CzIPN and NiBr2⋅DME, which led to the formation of 2,3‐disubstituted benzoheteroles in good to high yields. Additionally, the Rose Bengal (RB)‐catalyzed radical sulfonylative‐cycloannulation of acetyl‐derived 1,6‐enynols with sulfinic acids under blue LED irradiation allowed to access 3‐(E‐styryl)‐derived benzofurans and benzothiophenes in moderate to good yields. The scope and limitations of the present strategies were successfully established using different classes of 1,6‐enynols and sulfinic acids bearing various sensitive functional groups, yielding the desired products in a highly stereoselective fashion. Plausible mechanistic pathways were also proposed based on the current experimental and control experiments.
TREM2 alleviates white matter injury after traumatic brain injury in mice might be mediated by regulation of DHCR24/LXR pathway in microglia
Authors: Li Zhao , Yu Shenghui , Li Lin , Zhou Chao , Wang Lin , Tang Shuang , Gu Nina , Zhang Zhaosi , Huang Zhijian , Chen Hong , Tang Wei , Wang Yingwen , Yang Xiaomin , Sun Xiaochuan , Yan Jin
Published: April 2024

Background

White matter injury (WMI) is an important pathological process after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The correlation between white matter functions and the myeloid cells expressing triggering receptor‐2 (TREM2) has been convincingly demonstrated. Moreover, a recent study revealed that microglial sterol metabolism is crucial for early remyelination after demyelinating diseases. However, the potential roles of TREM2 expression and microglial sterol metabolism in WMI after TBI have not yet been explored.

Methods

Controlled cortical injury was induced in both wild‐type (WT) and TREM2 depletion (TREM2 KO) mice to simulate clinical TBI. COG1410 was used to upregulate TREM2, while PLX5622 and GSK2033 were used to deplete microglia and inhibit the liver X receptor (LXR), respectively. Immunofluorescence, Luxol fast blue staining, magnetic resonance imaging, transmission electron microscopy, and oil red O staining were employed to assess WMI after TBI. Neurological behaviour tests and electrophysiological recordings were utilized to evaluate cognitive functions following TBI. Microglial cell sorting and transcriptomic sequencing were utilized to identify alterations in microglial sterol metabolism‐related genes, while western blot was conducted to validate the findings.

Results

TREM2 expressed highest at 3 days post‐TBI and was predominantly localized to microglial cells within the white matter. Depletion of TREM2 worsened aberrant neurological behaviours, and this phenomenon was mediated by the exacerbation of WMI, reduced renewal of oligodendrocytes, and impaired phagocytosis ability of microglia after TBI. Subsequently, the upregulation of TREM2 alleviated WMI, promoted oligodendrocyte regeneration, and ultimately facilitated the recovery of neurological behaviours after TBI. Finally, the expression of DHCR24 increased in TREM2 KO mice after TBI. Interestingly, TREM2 inhibited DHCR24 and upregulated members of the LXR pathway. Moreover, LXR inhibition could partially reverse the effects of TREM2 upregulation on electrophysiological activities.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that TREM2 has the potential to alleviate WMI following TBI, possibly through the DHCR24/LXR pathway in microglia.
Repeated binge‐like eating episodes in female rats alter adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptor genes regulation in the brain reward system
Authors: Mercante Francesca , Micioni Di Bonaventura Emanuela , Pucci Mariangela , Botticelli Luca , Cifani Carlo , D'Addario Claudio , Micioni Di Bonaventura Maria Vittoria
Published: April 2024

Objective

Binge‐eating disorder is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge‐eating episodes, during which individuals consume excessive amounts of highly palatable food (HPF) in a short time. This study investigates the intricate relationship between repeated binge‐eating episode and the transcriptional regulation of two key genes, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR) and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), in selected brain regions of rats.

Method

Binge‐like eating behavior on HPF was induced through the combination of food restrictions and frustration stress (15 min exposure to HPF without access to it) in female rats, compared to control rats subjected to only restriction or only stress or none of these two conditions. After chronic binge‐eating episodes, nucleic acids were extracted from different brain regions, and gene expression levels were assessed through real‐time quantitative PCR. The methylation pattern on genes' promoters was investigated using pyrosequencing.

Results

The analysis revealed A2AAR upregulation in the amygdala and in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and D2R downregulation in the nucleus accumbens in binge‐eating rats. Concurrently, site‐specific DNA methylation alterations at gene promoters were identified in the VTA for A2AAR and in the amygdala and caudate putamen for D2R.

Discussion

The alterations on A2AAR and D2R genes regulation highlight the significance of epigenetic mechanisms in the etiology of binge‐eating behavior, and underscore the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions, to prevent the development of this maladaptive feeding behavior. These findings provide valuable insights for future research in the field of eating disorders.

Public Significance

Using an animal model with face, construct, and predictive validity, in which cycles of food restriction and frustration stress evoke binge‐eating behavior, we highlight the significance of epigenetic mechanisms on adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR) and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) genes regulation. They could represent new potential targets for the pharmacological management of eating disorders characterized by this maladaptive feeding behavior.
Predicting in‐hospital mortality among patients admitted with a diagnosis of heart failure: a machine learning approach
Authors: Jawadi Zina , He Rosemary , Srivastava Pratyaksh K. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Khalil Suzan O. , Krishnan Srikanth , Eskin Eleazar , Chiang Jeffrey N. , Nsair Ali
Published: April 2024

Existing risk prediction models for hospitalized heart failure patients are limited. We identified patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of heart failure between 7 May 2013 and 26 April 2022 from a large academic, quaternary care medical centre (training cohort). Demographics, medical comorbidities, vitals, and labs were collected and were used to construct random forest machine learning models to predict in‐hospital mortality. Models were compared with logistic regression, and to commonly used heart failure risk scores. The models were subsequently validated in patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of heart failure from a second academic, community medical centre (validation cohort). The entire cohort comprised 21 802 patients, of which 14 539 were in the training cohort and 7263 were in the validation cohort. The median age (25th–75th percentile) was 70 (58–82) for the entire cohort, 43.2% were female, and 6.7% experienced inpatient mortality. In the overall cohort, 7621 (35.0%) patients had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF ≤ 40%), 1271 (5.8%) had heart failure with mildly reduced EF (EF 41–49%), and 12 910 (59.2%) had heart failure with preserved EF (EF ≥ 50%). Random forest models in the validation cohort demonstrated a c‐statistic (95% confidence interval) of 0.96 (0.95–0.97), sensitivity (SN) of 87.3%, and specificity (SP) of 90.6% for the prediction of in‐hospital mortality. Models for those with HFrEF demonstrated a c‐statistic of 0.96 (0.94–0.98), SN 88.2%, and SP 91.0%, and those for patients with HFpEF showed a c‐statistic of 0.95 (0.93–0.97), SN 87.4%, and SP 89.5% for predicting in‐hospital mortality. The random forest model significantly outperformed logistic regression (c‐statistic 0.87, SN 75.9%, and SP 86.9%), and current existing risk scores including the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry risk score (c‐statistic of 0.70, SN 69%, and SP 62%), and the Get With the Guidelines‐Heart Failure risk score (c‐statistic 0.69, SN 67%, and SP 63%); P < 0.001 for comparison. Machine learning models built from commonly recorded patient information can accurately predict in‐hospital mortality among patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of heart failure.
Treatment patterns of patients with worsening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Greene Stephen J. , Gaggin Hanna K. , Zhou Mo , Bash Lori D. , Lautsch Dominik , Djatche Laurence , Song Yan , Signorovitch James , Stevenson Andra S. , Blaustein Robert O. , Butler Javed
Published: April 2024

Aims

Patients with HFrEF and worsening HF events (WHFE) are at particularly high risk and urgently need disease‐modifying therapy. CHART‐HF assessed treatment patterns and reasons for medication decisions among HFrEF patients with and without WHFE.

Methods and results

CHART‐HF collected retrospective electronic medical records of outpatients with HF and EF < 45% between 2017–2019 from a nationwide panel of 238 cardiologists (458 patients) and the Geisinger Health System (GHS) medical record (1000 patients). The index visit in the WHFE cohort was the first outpatient cardiologist visit ≤6 months following the WHFE, and in the reference cohort was the last visit in a calendar year without WHFE. Demographic characteristics were similar between patients with and without WHFE in both the nationwide panel and GHS. In the nationwide panel, the proportion of patients with versus without WHFE receiving ≥50% of guideline‐recommended dose on index visit was 35% versus 40% for beta blocker, 74% versus 83% for ACEI/ARB/ARNI, and 48% versus 49% for MRA. The proportion of patients receiving ≥50% of guideline‐recommended dose was lower in the GHS: 29% versus 34% for beta‐blocker, 16% versus 31% for ACEI/ARB/ARNI, and 18% versus 22% for MRA. For patients with and without WHFE, triple therapy on index date was 42% and 44% of patients from the nationwide panel, and 14% and 17% in the GHS. Comparing end of index clinic visit with 12‐month follow‐up in the GHS, the proportion of patients on no GDMT increased from 14% to 28% in the WHFE cohort and from 14 to 21% in the non‐WHFE group.

Conclusions

Major gaps in use of GDMT, particularly combination therapy, remain among US HFrEF patients. These gaps persist during longitudinal follow‐up and are particularly large among patients with recent WHFE.
Intelligent bacteria‐targeting ZIF‐8 composite for fluorescence imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy of drug‐resistant superbug infections and burn wound healing
Authors: Li Xiaoxue , Wang Wei , Gao Qiuxia , Lai Shanshan , Liu Yan , Zhou Sitong , Yan Yan , Zhang Jie , Wang Huanhuan , Wang Jiamei , Feng Yi , Yang Ronghua , Su Jianyu , Li Bin , Liao Yuhui
Published: April 2024

Infected burn wounds are characterized by persistent drug‐resistant bacterial infection coupled with an inflammatory response, impeding the wound‐healing process. In this study, an intelligent nanoparticle system (CCM+TTD@ZIF‐8 NPs) was prepared using curcumin (CCM), an aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (TTD), and ZIF‐8 for infection‐induced wound healing. The CCM+TTD@ZIF‐8 NPs showed multiple functions, including bacteria targeting, fluorescence imaging and pH response‐guided photodynamic therapy (PDT), and anti‐inflammatory. The positive charges of ZIF‐8 NPs allowed the targeting of drug‐resistant bacteria in infected wounds, thereby realizing fluorescence imaging of bacteria by emitting red fluorescence at the infected site upon blue light irradiation. The pH‐responsive characteristics of the CCM+TTD@ZIF‐8 NPs also enabled controllable CCM release onto the infected wound site, thereby promoting the specific accumulation of ROS at the infected site, with outstanding bactericidal efficacy against drug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains in vitro/in vivo. Additionally, due to the excellent bactericidal effect and anti‐inflammatory properties of CCM+TTD@ZIF‐8 NPs combined with blue light irradiation, the regeneration of epidermal tissue, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition was achieved, accelerating the healing process of infected burn wounds. Therefore, this CCM+TTD@ZIF‐8 NPs with multifunctional properties provides great potential for infected burn wound healing.
Restoring energy metabolism by NAD+ supplement prevents alcohol‐induced liver injury and boosts liver regeneration
Authors: Liu Yao , Cheng Cheng , Gao Han , Zhu Xue‐jin , He Xian , Zhou Ming‐xi , Gao Yuan , Lu Ya‐wen , Song Xin‐hua , Xiao Xiao‐he , Wang Jia‐bo , Xu Chun‐jun , Ma Zhi‐tao
Published: April 2024

Our previous clinical metabolomics study illustrated that energy metabolism disorder is an underlying pathogenesis mechanism for the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Supplementation of nicotinamide (NAM), the precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), may restore the energy metabolism homeostasis of ALD and thus serves as potential therapeutics to treat ALD. In this bedside‐to‐bench study, the protective effect of NAM against ALD was investigated by using the NIAAA mice model (chronic‐plus‐binge ethanol), and the liver regeneration boosting capability of NAM was evaluated by the partial hepatectomy mice model. Our results showed that NAM supplements not only protected the liver from alcohol‐induced injury and improved alcohol‐induced mitochondrial structure and function change, but also boosted liver regeneration in postpartial hepatectomy mice by increasing liver NAD+ content. These findings suggested that NAM, a water‐soluble form of vitamin B3, can promote liver regeneration and improves liver function by alleviating alcohol‐induced energy metabolism disorder.