bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembled Molecules with Asymmetric Backbone for Highly Stable Binary Organic Solar Cells with 19.7 % Efficiency
Authors: Yu Xueliang , Ding Pengfei , Yang Daobin , Yan Pengyu , Wang Hongqian , Yang Shuncheng , Wu Jie , Wang Zhongqiang , Sun He , Chen Zhenyu , Xie Lin , Ge Ziyi
Published: March 2024

The hole‐transporting material (HTM), poly (3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS), is the most widely used material in the realization of high‐efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the stability of PEDOT : PSS‐based OSCs is quite poor, arising from its strong acidity and hygroscopicity. In addition, PEDOT : PSS has an absorption in the infrared region and high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, thus limiting the enhancement of short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and open‐circuit voltage (Voc), respectively. Herein, two asymmetric self‐assembled molecules (SAMs), namely BrCz and BrBACz, were designed and synthesized as HTM in binary OSCs based on the well‐known system of PM6 : Y6, PM6 : eC9, PM6 : L8‐BO, and D18 : eC9. Compared with BrCz, BrBACz shows larger dipole moment, deeper work function and lower surface energy. Moreover, BrBACz not only enhances photon harvesting in the active layer, but also minimizes voltage losses as well as improves interface charge extraction/ transport. Consequently, the PM6 : eC9‐based binary OSC using BrBACz as HTM exhibits a champion efficiency of 19.70 % with a remarkable Jsc of 29.20 mA cm−2 and a Voc of 0.856 V, which is a record efficiency for binary OSCs so far. In addition, the unencapsulated device maintains 95.0 % of its original efficiency after 1,000 hours of storage at air ambient, indicating excellent long‐term stability.
Synthesis and characterization of novel Ru(III) complexes of 2‐aminopyrazine: Interaction with biomolecules, antineoplastic activity, and computational investigation
Authors: Aboelnga Mohamed M. , Sahyon Heba A. , Elsayed Shadia A.
Published: March 2024

Ruthenium (III) complexes (1–3) of 2‐aminopyrazine (pyz) with general formula of [Hpyz][RuCl4(DMSO)(pyz)](1), Na[RuCl4(pyz)(DMSO)] (2), and (Hpyz)[RuCl4(pyz)2].2H2O (3) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H NMR, and UV–visible spectroscopy, along with the magnetic susceptibility and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The molecular structures of the complexes have also been optimized using density functional theory (DFT) calculation which demonstrates an octahedral geometry to be adopted by the Ru(III) ion. The UV–visible and fluorescence spectra were employed to study the interaction of the compounds with nucleic acid (ctDNA and tRNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The data showed a higher tendency for the ligand and its complexes (1–3) to interact with biomolecules (1 > 2 > 3). All complexes showed potent in vitro anticancer activity against three human cancer cell lines and high safety against normal cell lines as complex (1) is the most active one, it was selected for the flow cytometric evaluation for cell death mode, cell cycle analysis, and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP9) expression in treated MDA‐231 cells. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and VEGF concentration were evaluated in the treated cells and compared with the untreated ones. Our study proved that complex (1) arrests the cell cycle, inhibits DNA transcription, reduces both MMP9 (validated by our molecular docking investigation targeting MMP9 protein) and PCNA expressions, and induces apoptotic cell death, leading to cancer metastasis prevention.
Unraveling complexation and enantioseparation of a new chiral‐at‐uranium complex to chiral pesticides R/S‐malaoxons
Authors: Guo Meng‐zhen , Ouyang Wen‐jun , Wang Yun , Kong Xiang‐he , Xiao Xi‐lin , Nie Chang‐ming , Peng Guo‐wen
Published: March 2024

Unraveling uranium complexes has become a popular study topic in recent years to address the problem of spent fuel treatment. An important and promising investigation is the enantiomer separation of chiral organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) via uranyl‐containing receptors. Among them, malaoxon (MLX), as a chiral OP with high toxicity and good selectivity, is controversial because of the different toxicity differences caused by the R and S configurations to target and non‐target organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to explore effective methods for separating its enantiomers. In this work, a novel 2‐(9‐[1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carbonyl]‐1,10‐phenanthrolin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐inden‐1‐one (HPIDO) ligand, which combines with uranyl to form the chiral‐at‐uranium complex (Uranyl‐HPIDO receptor), was designed for the enantioseparation of R/S‐malaoxons (R/S‐MLXs). Based on density functional theory (DFT), we explored the potential coordination modes between the Uranyl‐HPIDO receptor and R/S‐MLXs at various sites. The analyses of bonding properties, orbital interactions, and weak interactions of intramolecular groups of the complexes, along with the study of thermodynamic properties, revealed that the Uranyl‐HPIDO receptor preferred to bind to the phosphoryl oxygen (O5) of R/S‐MLXs to form stable complexes. Good enantioseparations of the two enantiomers were achieved in various solvents (water, n‐Butanol, n‐Octanol, dichloromethane, propanoic acid, toluene, and cyclohexane); the separation factors (SFR/S) ranged 21–853, and the enantioselectivity coefficients (ESCR/S) were more than 95%. The findings could theoretically offer useful information and guidance for the separation of R/S‐MLXs, in addition to providing fresh concepts for the creation of novel uranyl receptors.
Fabrication of high‐performance acrylate grouting materials from tailor made magnesium acrylate solutions
Authors: Wei Daidong , Zhu Kaipeng , Li Huizhi , Zeng Juanjuan , Li Shiqiang , Xue Wei
Published: March 2024

Acrylate grouting (AG) material is a low‐viscosity aqueous solution capable of forming an elastic water‐plugging gel after being injected into seepage cracks. This study highlights the fabrication and performance of AG materials, specifically emphasizing the use of magnesium acrylate (MgDA) as the principal precursor for the polymer gel network. Additionally, 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) serves as a bifunction crosslinker and accelerator, while sodium persulfate and potassium ferricyanide act as initiator and retarder, respectively. AG materials are made of these four key ingredients mixed in an aqueous solution, and then polymerized into a highly elastic water‐plugging gel. Our systematic investigation indicated that the MgDA and DMAEMA concentrations significantly influence the performance of the AG material. The optimized AG material formulation containing 24% MgDA and 1.4% DMAEMA, exhibited an elongation at break of 1040%, a water absorption of 67% and a compressive strength of 363 kPa in grouted sand. The gel time could be adjusted from under 20 s to more than 20 min, offering versatility to meet various application requirements. Beyond its good bonding performance and superior extrusion resistance, the AG materials displayed excellent water‐plugging effect. Impressively, even after extending the closed water test to 360 days, the gel displayed no significant change in color or signs of degradation, and the treated crack remained in a deep dry state with no evidence of leakage, confirming the AG material's superior durability. With its advantageous permeability and excellent water‐plugging effect, the AG material is well‐suited for applications in micro‐crack sealing, seepage prevention and stratum reinforcement grouting.
Novel protective coating based on the prepared Cu (II) and Co (II)‐containing linoleic poly(esteramide) as new anticorrosive and antimicrobial binders for industrial applications
Authors: Hamza S. F. , Elsawy M. M. , Abdelsalam Fatma H. , Sharaf Mohamed H. , Abd El‐Wahab H.
Published: March 2024

This article focused on the preparation of Cu, Co (II)‐containing linoleic‐based poly(ester amide) resin and studied their use as new binders for paint formulation. The metal‐containing LPEA was carried out by in situ condensation polymerization reaction between hydroxyethyl linoleic fatty amide diol (HELA), phthalic anhydride (PA), and Cu, Co acetate. The structure of the prepared resins was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectral studies. Physicochemical, thermal analysis (TGA), surface morphology (SEM), and elemental composition (EDX) were studied by standard methods. The physicomechanical, antimicrobial, and corrosion/chemical resistance performance tests were also conducted to evaluate their coating properties. These studies revealed that (i) the incorporation of Cu, Co (II) has a significant influence on structural and physicochemical aspects. The paint formulation based on Cu, Co (II) containing LPEA showed very good results according to the corrosion resistant test evalution. (iii) Antimicrobial tests of all prepared resins were performed by agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and pathogenic fungal strain using standard controlled medication, ciprofloxacin/fluconazole for the comparison. (iv) Cu, Co (II) containing LPEA serve as novel binders and promising candidates for use as binders for protective coating material.
Distribution and diversity of elasmobranchs in the Sea of Marmara: A 2023 status report
Authors: Karadurmuş Uğur , Sarı Mustafa
Published: March 2024

Elasmobranchs, encompassing an array of sharks and rays, confront a threat of extinction on a global scale. The Sea of Marmara (SoM) stands out as a critical refuge for these endangered species.

This study harnesses data derived from comprehensive trawl surveys, representing the first area‐based evaluation of the elasmobranchs inhabiting the SoM. Sampling protocols were carried out at 10 separate stations along the 980‐km coastline of the SoM, each bounded by different ecological characteristics and anthropogenic influences.

A total of eight shark species and six ray species were caught in the towed area of the entire the SoM. Notably, Scyliorhinus canicula and near‐threatened Raja clavata constitute more than 50% of the total abundance. Additionally, rare, and critically endangered species, including the Oxynotus centrina, Squatina squatina, Dipturus batis, and Myliobatis aquila, were documented, expanding our knowledge of their presence in the region.

Spatial distribution heterogeneity was pronounced within species.

Size distributions were species‐specific, and the presence of both juvenile and adult individuals suggested successful reproduction and growth.

Records expand the known size range in the SoM for six shark and three ray species. It also provides first‐size information based on the total length of the S. stellaris and D. batis.

Additionally, the urgent need for field‐based conservation efforts is highlighted, citing a previously unidentified important sensitive areas located in the southern part of the SoM.
Enhancing short‐chain fatty acids production via acidogenic fermentation of municipal sewage sludge: Effect of sludge characteristics and peroxydisulfate pre‐oxidation
Authors: Liu Faxin , Cheng Wen , Xu Jianping , Wan Tian , Wang Min , Ren Jiehui , Ning Maomao , Zhang Hui , Zhou Xiaoping
Published: March 2024

This study first employed a combined pretreatment of low‐dose peroxy‐disulfate (PDS) and initial pH 10 to promote short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production via acidogenic fermentation using different types of sewage sludge as substrates. The experimental results showed that the yield of maximal SCFAs and acetate proportion after the combined pretreatment were 1513.82 ± 28.25 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L and 53.64%, and promoted by 1.28 and 1.56 times higher, respectively, compared to the sole initial pH 10 pretreatment. Furthermore, in terms of the disintegration degree of sewage sludge, it increased by more than 18% with the combined pretreatment compared to the pretreatment of sole initial pH 10. Waste‐activated sludge (WAS) from A2/O and Bardenpho processes were more biodegradable, explained by the 1.47‐ and 1.35‐times higher disintegration rate than those from oxidation ditch and they favored acetate dominant fermentation. Correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation (p ≤ 0.01) between SCFAs production and soluble COD, total proteins, proteins in soluble‐extracellular polymeric substances (SEPS), total polysaccharides, and polysaccharides in SEPS. Mechanism explorations showed that preoxidation with PDS enhanced the solubilization and biodegradability of complex substrates, and altered the microbial community structure during the fermentation process. Firmicutes and Tetrasphaera were proven to play a key role in improving SCFA production, especially in promoting acetate production by converting additional SCFAs into acetate. Additionally, the addition of PDS greatly promoted sulfur and iron‐related metabolic activities. Finally, the combined pretreatment was estimated to be a cost‐effective solution for reutilizing and treating Fe‐sludge.
How online data informs forensic mental health evaluations of sexual behavior: An overview
Authors: Morgan Camille , Klein Carolina
Published: March 2024

The Internet plays a pervasive role in modern life including the expression of human sexuality and sexual offending. A range of online sexual activities may be of interest in forensic mental health evaluations (FMHE), including those which are clearly illegal or those which are legal but functionally problematic. Online sexual offenses will clearly prompt forensic evaluators to consider the role of the Internet in these offending behaviors. The Internet may also be relevant in forensic evaluations of contact sexual offending including informing on history of mixed or cross‐over offending, and Internet‐facilitated contact offenses. A review of Internet‐data may span several online domains, many of which provide the user with substantial anonymity and would likely not be available to the evaluator unless provided through the process of discovery. Early guidelines for the review of Internet‐data in FMHEs have been proposed and support the Internet as a useful source of collateral data in the conduct of forensic evaluations of sexual behavior.
Global burden, risk factors, and trends of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: A worldwide analysis of cancer registries
Authors: Huang Junjie , Chan Sze Chai , Lok Veeleah , Zhang Lin , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo , Xu Wanghong , Zheng Zhi‐Jie , Elcarte Edmar , Withers Mellissa , Wong Martin C. S.
Published: March 2024

Background

Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounts for 90% of all malignant lymphomas. This study aimed to evaluate the global incidence, mortality, associated risk factors, and temporal trends of NHL by sex, age, and country.

Methods

Data from 185 countries globally were used for analysis. NHL incidence and mortality were collected via the GLOBOCAN (2020), CI5 series I‐X, WHO mortality database, the Nordic Cancer Registries, and the SEER Program. The WHO Global Health Observatory provided country‐level, age‐standardized prevalence of lifestyle and metabolic risk factors. Trends were examined and reported based on average annual percentage change (AAPC) calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis. Incidence and AAPC are based on data for the last 10 years across countries.

Results

Globally, age‐standardized incidence and mortality rates for NHL were recorded at 5.8 and 2.6 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. At country‐level, NHL incidence was significantly associated with various factors, including HDI (Human Development Index), GDP per capita, prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia. Rising trend in NHL incidence was observed, with the highest increase recorded in Estonia (AAPCmale = 4.15, AAPCfemale = 5.14), Belarus (AAPCfemale = 5.13), and Lithuania (AAPCfemale = 4.68). While overall NHL mortality has been decreasing, certain populations experienced increased mortality over the decade. In Thailand, AAPC for mortality was 31.28% for males and 30.26% for females. Estonia saw an AAPC of 6.46% for males, while Slovakia experienced an AAPC of 4.24% for females. Colombia's AAPC was 1.29% for males and 1.51% for females.

Conclusions

This study indicates a rising trend of NHL incidence over the past decade‐ particularly in developed countries, older males, and younger populations. Further research should investigate deeper insights into specific etiology and prognosis of NHL across subtypes, and potential contributors towards these epidemiologic trends.
α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Components from Garcinia pedunculata Fruits
Authors: Zou Deli , Liu Lei , Liu Fangshen , Li Dahong , Hua Huiming
Published: March 2024

From Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. fruits, two undescribed aromatic compounds including a benzofuran and a depsidone derivative, and a new natural product, together with four known compounds were isolated. Through the analysis of spectroscopic data, high resolution mass spectrum and calculated nuclear magnetic resonance, their structures were determined. The α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of the isolates was evaluated. And compound 3 exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on α‐glucosidase. The molecular docking of compound 3 was performed to elucidate the interaction with α‐glucosidase.
Research Progress on the Assembly of Large DNA Fragments
Authors: Tan Wei , Miao Qing , Jia Xuemei , Liu Ying , Li Shuai , Yang Dayong
Published: March 2024

Synthetic biology, a newly and rapidly developing interdisciplinary field, has demonstrated increasing potential for extensive applications in the wide areas of biomedicine, biofuels, and novel materials. DNA assembly is a key enabling technology of synthetic biology and a central point for realizing fully synthetic artificial life. While the assembly of small DNA fragments has been successfully commercialized, the assembly of large DNA fragments remains a challenge due to their high molecular weight and susceptibility to breakage. This article provides an overview of the development and current state of DNA assembly technology, with a focus on recent advancements in the assembly of large DNA fragments in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In particular, the methods and challenges associated with the assembly of large DNA fragment in different hosts are highlighted. The advancements in DNA assembly have the potential to facilitate the construction of customized genomes, giving us the ability to modify cellular functions and even create artificial life. It is also contributing to our ability to understand, predict, and manipulate living organisms.
Secondary syphilis presenting as fever of unknown origin
Authors: Wilding Hannah Eloise , Hays Amy
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

A thirty‐eight year‐old male presented with a seven‐week history of persistent fever accompanied by recurrent night sweats, chills, arthralgias, headache, and chest tightness.Initial laboratory testing showed non‐specific elevation of inflammatory markers, but was otherwise unremarkable.A palmar rash developed one week later, prompting testing for syphilis. Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA‐ABS) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests were both positive.Penicillin G was administered and the patient recovered uneventfully.Our case emphasizes the need for increased syphilis screening to ensure proper diagnosis and prompt treatment.
Walking ability after resection of soft tissue sarcoma of the thigh and the sciatic nerve
Authors: Isobe Mizuki , Hakozaki Michiyuki , Kaneuchi Yoichi , Ogawa Itaru , Suzuki Takeo , Sasaki Nobuyuki , Kameda Takuya , Matsumoto Yoshihiro
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Walking ability may be fairly well maintained after sciatic nerve resection combined with wide resection of soft tissue sarcoma, therefore, surgeons should not hesitate to perform sciatic nerve resection to achieve an adequate surgical margin.
Multiple renal angiomyolipomas with asymptomatic nontraumatic pulmonary fat embolus: A case report
Authors: Soleimani Hourieh , Pezeshki Rad Masoud , Farrokh Donya , Hassannejad Ehsan , Payandeh Asma , Zahedi Sepideh , Karimabadi Neda
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Although retroperitoneal bleeding and massive hematuria are potential complications of angiomyolipoma (AML), the pulmonary embolism as a presenting symptom is extremely rare. It is important to be aware that benign AMLs can present with pulmonary fat embolism.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a lung transplant recipient
Authors: Sakizadeh Jason , Davis Michael J. , Fontana Lauren
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The case we describe highlights the importance of considering a diagnosis of PML early (<1 year) after lung transplant.
A symphony of anomalies: Isolated pulmonary artery agenesis meets congenital lung hypoplasia
Authors: Ansari Nida , Ozgur Sacide S. , Alcantara Alan , Sultana Yasmeen
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Isolated agenesis of pulmonary arteries with congenital lung hypoplasia is rare. It can be found in childhood or adulthood if asymptomatic. We present a patient with congenital right lung hypoplasia with an absent right pulmonary artery.
Efficient Electrocatalytic H2 Production by Immobilized Co(III)‐myoglobin
Authors: Meglioli Mirco , Di Rocco Giulia , Ranieri Antonio , Bortolotti Carlo Augusto , Sola Marco , Battistuzzi Gianantonio , Borsari Marco
Published: March 2024

The thermodynamics and kinetics of heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) for Co‐substituted horse myoglobin (Co−Mb) and its derivatives with ammonia and imidazole as heme axial ligands were studied with cyclic voltammetry on a pyrolytic graphite electrode along with their ability to mediate the electro‐catalytic production of H2. All the proteins experience a non‐diffusive electrochemical regime as electrode‐bound species. The adsorbed Co−Mb construct carries out the electro‐catalytic reduction of water protons to H2 with a good efficiency under anaerobic conditions thus yielding a simple and tunable system for H2 production. Replacement of H2O as Co axial ligand by ammonia and imidazole significantly lowers the catalytic currents for H3O+/H2O reduction to H2. The E°’ values of the Co(III)/Co(II) redox couple for all species are mainly determined by the enthalpic contribution. Differences were found in the kinetics of ET for the different protein adducts due to changes in the activation enthalpies. However, all species share the same distance of about 14 Å from the electrode surface to the Co(III)/Co(II) center determined using the Marcus model, consistent with a non‐denaturing adsorption of the protein.
Surface Topological Glycosylation‐Mediated Mucoadhesion of Bacteria†
Authors: Kuang Xiao , Liu Xiaobing , Chen Ju , Lv Wenyan , Zhang Mengmeng , Chen Huan , Wu Feng , Liu Jinyao
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Sugar moieties present on bacterial surface serve as pivotal regulators of bacterial activity. Precisely adjusting the abundance and distribution of surface sugar moieties can offer an important approach to manipulating bacterial behavior, but has been proven to be difficult. Herein, surface topological glycosylation is reported to mediate the interaction of bacteria with mucous layer. Alkynes functionalized by sugar moieties with different branching are synthesized through iterative Michael addition and amide condensation reactions. By a copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition, the resulting compounds with different branching structures can be attached onto bacterial surface that is modified with azido groups. As a proof‐of‐concept study, a set of topologically glycosylated probiotics (TGPs) is prepared using linear, two‐branched, and tetra‐branched compounds, respectively. The interaction between mucin and TGPs was studied and the results demonstrate that, compared to unmodified bacteria, TGPs exhibit an enhanced adhesive capacity to mucin, which increases with the branching numbers. Similar binding trend is observed in ex vivo colonic mucus adhesion experiments and bacteria glycosylated with tetra‐branched compounds display the highest binding efficiency. This work proposes a chemical method to tune the abundance and distribution of sugar moieties on bacteria, providing unique significant insights into the manipulation of bacterial behavior through surface modification.
Biochemical characterization of cardiac α‐actin mutations A21V and D26N implicated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Greve Johannes N. , Schwäbe Frederic V. , Taft Manuel H. , Manstein Dietmar J.
Published: March 2024

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affects .2% of the world's population and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Mutations in cardiac α‐actin are the cause in 1%–5% of all observed cases. Here, we describe the recombinant production, purification, and characterization of the HCM‐linked cardiac α‐actin variants p.A21V and p.D26N. Mass spectrometric analysis of the initially purified recombinant cardiac α‐actin variants and wild‐type protein revealed improper N‐terminal processing in the Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf‐9) insect cell system, compromising the labeling of the protein with fluorescent probes for biochemical studies. Therefore, we produced N‐terminal deletion mutants lacking the N‐terminal cysteine (ΔC2). The ΔC2 wild‐type construct behaved similar to porcine cardiac α‐actin purified from native Sus scrofa heart tissue and all ΔC2 constructs showed improved fluorescent labeling. Further analysis of untruncated and ΔC2 constructs showed that while neither the A21V nor the D26N mutation affects nucleotide binding, they cause a similar slowing of the rate of filament formation as well as a reduction in the thermal stability of monomeric and filamentous cardiac α‐actin. In vitro motility assays and transient‐kinetic studies probing the interaction of the actin variants with cardiac β‐myosin revealed perturbed actomyosin interactions and a reduced motile activity for the p.D26N variant. Addition of the small molecule effector EMD 57033, which targets cardiac β‐myosin, rescued the approximately 40% drop in velocity observed with the p.D26N constructs and activated the motile activity of wild‐type and p.D26N to the same level of 1100 nm s−1.
Comparison of mutation landscapes of pretreatment versus recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: The possible mechanism of resistance to standard treatment
Authors: Payungwong Tongchai , Angkulkrerkkrai Krittaya , Chaiboonchoe Amphun , Lausoontornsiri Wirote , Jirawatnotai Siwanon , Chindavijak Somjin
Published: March 2024

Background

A high recurrent rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major concern in head and neck cancer treatment. The study of the genetic mutation landscape in recurrent OSCC may provide information on certain mutations associated with the pathobiology and treatment response of the OSCC.

Aim

We investigated the mutation landscape of matched pretreatment and recurrent tumors to understand the influence of genetic mutations on the pathobiology and clinical outcomes in OSCC.

Methods and Results

We sequenced 33 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) recurrent tumors, primary tumors, and primary tumors before recurrence that matched the recurrent tumors collected from Rajavithi Hospital during 2019–2021. We identified recurrent mutations from these samples by the Oncomine Ion Torrent‐based next‐generation sequencing on the 517 cancer‐associated gene panel. From the results, we found that the most commonly mutated gene in the cohort is a histone methyltransferase KMT2D (54.55%), implicating that aberrance in epigenetic regulation may play a role in oral cancer tumorigenesis. Functional protein association network analysis of the gene frequently mutated in the recurrent tumors showed enrichment of genes that regulate the cancer cell cycle, that is, MRE11A, CDKN2A, and CYLD. This finding was confirmed in the primary‐recurring matched pair. We found that recurrent tumors possess a small but recurring group of genes, with presumably the subclonal mutations driving the recurrence of the tumor, suggesting that the recurrent disease originated from a small fraction of the cancer cell that survives standard treatment. These genes were absent in the primary tumor with a good response to the standard treatment. On the other hand, we found an enrichment of DNA repair genes, namely ATR, BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD50, and MUTYH, in nonrecurrent tumors suggesting that the mutations in the DNA repair pathway may at least partially explain the different response to the standard treatment.

Conclusions

Our pilot study identified pathways of carcinogenesis in oral cancer and specific gene sets that indicate treatment responses and prognoses in this group of patients.
Every finite graph arises as the singular set of a compact 3‐D calibrated area minimizing surface
Authors: Liu Zhenhua
Published: March 2024

Given any (not necessarily connected) combinatorial finite graph and any compact smooth 6‐manifold with the third Betti number , we construct a calibrated 3‐dimensional homologically area minimizing surface on equipped in a smooth metric , so that the singular set of the surface is precisely an embedding of this finite graph. Moreover, the calibration form near the singular set is a smoothly twisted special Lagrangian form. The constructions are based on some unpublished ideas of Professor Camillo De Lellis and Professor Robert Bryant.
Sampling business process event logs with guarantees
Authors: Su Xuan , Liu Cong , Zhang Shuaipeng , Zeng Qingtian
Published: March 2024

Event log sampling has emerged as a key research focus in the field of process mining, aiming to enhance the efficiency of various process mining tasks, including model discovery, conformance checking, and process prediction. However, current log sampling techniques often fail to ensure high‐quality sample logs. This paper introduces a novel framework to support efficient event log sampling without compromising the quality of the sample log compared to the original one. The approach revolves around the consideration of directly‐follows relation (DFR) among business tasks as the fundamental behavior unit of an event log. By ensuring the DFR equivalence between the original and sample logs, the proposed technique addresses the challenge of sample log quality from the model discovery point of view. The framework is instantiated by seven distinct sampling strategies each has its own specialty and is fully implemented in the open‐source process mining tool platform ProM. To validate its effectiveness, we conducted a comprehensive experimental evaluation using 12 publicly available real‐life event logs against state‐of‐the‐art sampling techniques. The results clearly demonstrate that our technique significantly improves model discovery efficiency while upholding high quality of the discovered models.
Chinese Expert Consensus on the Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Statin Intolerance
Authors: Li Jian‐Jun , Dou Ke‐Fei , Zhou Zhi‐Guang , Zhao Dong , Ye Ping , Chen Hong , Chen Zhen‐Yue , Peng Dao‐Quan , Guo Yuan‐Lin , Wu Na‐Qiong , Qian Jie ,   contributing experts
Published: March 2024

The clinical benefits of statins have well‐established and recognized worldwide. Although statins are well‐tolerated generally, however, the report of statin‐related adverse event and statin intolerance are common in China, which results in insufficient use of statins and poor adherence. The main reason may be attributed to confusions or misconceptions in the clinical diagnosis and management in China, including the lack of unified definitions and diagnostic standards, broad grasp of diagnosis, and unscientific management strategies. Based on that, this consensus carefully summarized the statin‐related gene polymorphism and statin usage issue among Chinese population, and comprehensively reviewed global research data on statin intolerance, referenced guidelines, and consensus literature on statin intolerance in foreign and different regions, proposes an appropriate and easy to implement statin intolerance definition as well as corresponding diagnostic criteria and management strategies for Chinese clinicians, in order to improve the clinical application of statin drugs and enhance the prevention and treatment level of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in China.
Metabolite markers for three synthetic tryptamines N‐ethyl‐N‐propyltryptamine, 4‐hydroxy‐N‐ethyl‐N‐propyltryptamine, and 5‐methoxy‐N‐ethyl‐N‐propyltryptamine
Authors: Bergh Marianne Skov‐Skov , Bogen Inger Lise , Grafinger Katharina Elisabeth , Huestis Marilyn A. , Øiestad Åse Marit Leere
Published: March 2024

N‐Ethyl‐N‐propyltryptamine (EPT), 4‐hydroxy‐N‐ethyl‐N‐propyltryptamine (4‐OH‐EPT), and 5‐methoxy‐N‐ethyl‐N‐propyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐EPT) are new psychoactive substances classified as tryptamines, sold online. Many tryptamines metabolize rapidly, and identifying the appropriate metabolites to reveal intake is essential. While the metabolism of 4‐OH‐EPT and 5‐MeO‐EPT are not previously described, EPT is known to form metabolites by indole ring hydroxylation among others. Based on general knowledge of metabolic patterns, 5‐MeO‐EPT is also expected to form ring hydroxylated EPT (5‐OH‐EPT). In the present study, the aim was to characterize the major metabolites of EPT, 4‐OH‐EPT, and 5‐MeO‐EPT, to provide markers for substance identification in forensic casework. The tryptamines were incubated with pooled human liver microsomes at 37°C for up to 4 h. The generated metabolites were separated and detected by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis. The major in vitro EPT metabolites were formed by hydroxylation, N‐dealkylation, and carbonylation. In comparison, 4‐OH‐EPT metabolism was dominated by double bond formation, N‐dealkylation, hydroxylation, and carbonylation in vitro and hydroxylation or carbonylation combined with double bond loss, carbonylation, N‐dealkylation, and hydroxylation in vivo. 5‐MeO‐EPT was metabolized by O‐demethylation, hydroxylation, and N‐dealkylation in vitro. The usefulness of the characterized metabolites in forensic casework was demonstrated by identification of unique metabolites for 4‐OH‐EPT in a human postmortem blood sample with suspected EPT or 4‐OH‐EPT intoxication.
Adoption by olive baboons (Papio anubis) of newly constructed electricity pylons as sleeping sites in Laikipia, Kenya
Authors: Lenguya Laiyon , Ewaton Lolimo , Pilfold Nicholas W.
Published: March 2024

Olive baboons (Papio anubis) use fixed, secure, and naturally occurring sleeping sites such as tall trees and rocky cliffs, as protection from predators and often show a selection preference for particular trees or rocky cliff faces. We documented olive baboons' adoption of recently constructed high‐tension electrical transmission towers (pylons) as a novel type of sleeping site in Laikipia, Kenya. The use of pylons suggests that the greatest potential benefits may include reduced parasite exposure and predation avoidance. Thermoregulation and feeding efficiency are not supported as benefits because pylons increase baboons' exposure to wind and cool nighttime temperatures and the pylons were constructed in locations independent of established feeding sites. These observations advance our understanding of olive baboon sleeping site selection in a changing landscape.
Comparison of improvement in learning and memory ability of walnut oil extracted by aqueous enzymatic extraction and cold pressing extraction
Authors: Qian Junqing , Li Qian , Mo Luyan , Zhao Xiaohua , Tong Jun , Zhao Changyan , Guo Hui
Published: March 2024

Rich in unsaturated fatty acids, walnut oil provides a number of physiological benefits, including a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease and a delay in the aging process. In this work, walnut oil was prepared using the aqueous enzyme process and cold pressing method, and it was then analyzed using HPLC and FTIR. The characterization results show that the walnut oil extracted by the aqueous enzyme method outperformed the pressing oil in content of LLL by 11.64%, LLLn by 9.16% and OLL by 4.08%. But this oil had significantly less OLnLn (‐) than the pressing oil (7.90%). The Morris water maze and shuttle box tests of ICR mice revealed a notable improvement in the memory of the animals administered walnut oil. Among them, mice fed the walnut oil extracted by aqueous enzyme method showed a much shorter escape latency and a significantly higher rate of active avoidance reaction (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) than mice fed cold pressing method. With the prolongation of time, the mice even performed better than the positive control PIR group in all aspects. In summary, the quality of walnut oil extracted by aqueous enzyme method is better than that by cold pressing method.

Practical Applications: Walnut oil prepared by aqueous enzymatic extraction can improve learning ability, is healthy and pollution‐free, and can be utilized as a dietary supplement in ordinary life.
Evaluation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities on microplastic‐associated biofilms in marine and freshwater environments
Authors: Reisoglu Şuheda , Cati Ceren , Yurtsever Meral , Aydin Sevcan
Published: March 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are major concern due to their potential harm to ecosystems and most research has focused on their presence and fate, with limited attention to their biodegradation in aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, MPs act as hotspots for the colonization by a diverse range of microorganisms that can adhere to plastic surfaces, resulting in the subsequent formation of biofilms—a potential threat especially in terms of pathogenicity. This study employed 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA sequencing metagenomic analyses to investigate microbial communities within biofilms on plastic materials exposed to long‐term marine and freshwater environments. Three Arcobacter species (Arcobacter nitrofigilis, Arcobacter acticola, and Arcobacter suis) emerged as dominant species in M_MP sample, while Flavobacterium tructae was the predominant species within the F_MP sample. The 18S rRNA sequencing revealed the presence of the fungal phylum Ascomycota and the microalgal species Pseudocharaciopsis ovalis in F_MP. Although, the primary species detected on M_MP and F_MP samples include bacteria previously implicated as pathogen, the predominant species identified in this study were unconnected to MP‐associated biofilms or MP degradation. Their presence constitutes a novel discovery, opening promising avenues for the exploration of their potential involvement in the biodegradation of MPs within aquatic environments.
Study on the effect of alkali on the production of volatile fatty acids from rhamnolipid‐alkali‐thermal pretreated waste activated sludge
Authors: Chuanchuan Dou , Yuling Liu , Shuaishuai Li , Yang Jia
Published: March 2024

This article systematically explores the strengthening effect of NaOH dosage on the fermentation acid production of Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) by the rhamnolipids‐alkali‐thermal combined pretreatment. Analyzed the dissolution characteristics of organic matter in sludge, changes in total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) content and components, and microbial community structure. Research has shown that increasing the amount of NaOH can promote the dissolution of sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and cell lysis. When NaOH dose was 60 mg/g VS, the dissolution of SCOD was the largest, reaching 5427.78 mg/L. It provides high‐quality substrate for anaerobic flora through the decomposition of refractory humus‐like substances and macromolecular substances, thus improving the production of VFAs. When NaOH dose was 80 mg/g VS, the maximum VFAs yield was 1663.76 mg C/L, and the fermentation type was butyric acid. The increase of NaOH dose promotes the effective enrichment of bacteria, and the dominant bacteria are Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroides at the gate level, with different abundance. The fermentation time plays a decisive role in the evolution of microbial population, and the increase of NaOH dose promotes the enrichment of acid‐producing bacteria, thus improving the production of VFAs.
DMUST360: Distortion‐aware multicast‐unicast superposed transmission for multiuser 360‐degree video
Authors: Ma Yunxiao , Wu Zhonghui , Yang Shujie , Zhuang Yirong , Xiao Han
Published: March 2024

360‐degree video has gained popularity since it is associated with immersive user experience of virtual reality content. However, providing high‐quality 360‐degree video for a large number of users is difficult, especially in limited bandwidth conditions. Nonorthogonal multiple access technology‐enabled multicast offers a possible solution, but it also introduces some challenges, including in terms of satisfying users' individual requirements, ensuring video quality and so forth. In order to address these issues, we introduce a novel distortion‐aware multicast‐unicast superposed transmission scheme for multiuser 360‐degree video, which combines the advantages of multicast, unicast, and nonorthogonal multiple access technologies with consideration of the field of view of multiple users. To improve video quality, a distortion minimization problem is formulated. Based on matching theory, we proposed a multicast‐unicast coalition game algorithm to solve the problem efficiently. A series of trace‐driven simulations are carried out, which have shown the effectiveness of the proposed solution in terms of video quality and throughput.
DAC‐MD: A privacy preserving drone‐access control scheme for last mile delivery
Authors: Irshad Azeem , Farooq Muhammad , Mahmood Khalid , Mallah Ghulam Ali , Chaudhry Shehzad Ashraf
Published: March 2024

The service delivery has lately witnessed strides in the form of paradigm shifts from conventional logistics to drone‐oriented supply chain to conserve ecosystem. The use of drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for package deliveries offer enhanced accessibility, flexibility, efficiency, speed, safety, and even few environmental gains. However, the drones can come across various security hazards while communicating with ground installations on open channels including physical capture attack, privacy infringement, and so on. Thus, earnest endeavors are needed to fix those security challenges in applications related to drone communications. To address these problems, an efficient authenticated key agreement technique, drone access control scheme for last mile delivery (DAC‐MD) is suggested for user‐drone interactions in IoD environment that help the participating entities in developing a mutually agreed session key for securing subsequent communication interactions. The proposed scheme is proved using automated ProVerif tool as well as analyzed by using formal analysis based on RoR random oracle model. The comparative analysis against recently presented known studies reveals that our scheme not only carries comparable properties in terms of security and privacy, but also low computational and communication costs.
Potential of utilizing almond hull extract for filamentous fungi production by submerged cultivation
Authors: Cao Lin , Barzee Tyler J. , El Mashad Hamed M. , Pan Zhongli , Zhang Ruihong
Published: March 2024

Almond hulls can be used as an inexpensive source of nutrients for producing fungi that can be used as nontraditional foods such as alternative protein, probiotics, and food ingredients. Nutrients were extracted from almond hulls using hot water and their utility in cultivating filamentous fungus Aspergillus awamori (A. awamori) in submerged cultivation was investigated using batch fermentation in flasks with passive aeration. The almond hulls extract supplied all the nutrients required for A. awamori growth. The uptake preference of various sugars was investigated and the growth kinetic parameters of A. awamori were determined. Utilization of sugars by A. awamori grown in almond hull extract proceeded sequentially with preference for glucose followed by sucrose, fructose, and then xylose. Compared to potato dextrose broth medium, the fungal biomass produced using almond hull extract as growth medium had higher protein (19.59%) and lower fat (1.50%) contents. The modified Gompertz model described the kinetics of A. awamori well with a lag phase of 0.18 days and a specific growth rate of 1.77 d−1.
Lactating mothers' perceptions and sensory acceptability of a provitamin A carotenoid–iron‐rich composite dish prepared from iron‐biofortified common bean and orange‐fleshed sweet potato in rural western Uganda
Authors: Buzigi Edward , Pillay Kirthee , Siwela Muthulisi , Mkhwanazi Blessing , Ngidi Mjabuliseni , Ssozi Joshua , Mahinda Babra Muhindo , Isingoma Evyline Barugahara
Published: March 2024

Uganda's lactating mothers are vulnerable to deficiencies of vitamin A and iron because they consume plant‐based conventional foods such as white‐fleshed sweet potato (WFSP) and non‐iron biofortified common bean (NIBCB) that are low in provitamin A (PVA) and iron, respectively. A PVA carotenoid–iron‐rich dish was prepared from a combination of orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) and iron‐biofortified common bean (IBCB). This study evaluated the perceptions and sensory acceptability of OFSP+IBCB (test food) against WFSP+NIBCB (control food) among lactating mothers in rural Uganda. A total of 94 lactating mothers participated in the study. The sensory attributes (taste, color, aroma, texture, and general acceptability) of test and control foods were rated using a five‐point facial hedonic scale (1 = dislike very much, 2 = dislike, 3 = neutral, 4 = like 5 = like very much). An attribute was acceptable if the participant scored from like to like very much. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to assess participant perceptions about their future consumption of OFSP+IBCB. The chi‐square test was used to detect the proportion difference for each sensory attribute between OFSP+IBCB and WFSP+NIBCB, while FGD data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Taste, color, and aroma were acceptable to the mothers and not significantly different between OFSP+IBCB and WFSP+NIBCB (p > .05). Participants had positive perceptions of the taste, aroma, and color of the OFSP+IBCB and negative perceptions about the soft texture of OFSP. The lactating mothers had positive perceptions of consuming OFSP+IBCB provided they were accessible, affordable, and feasible to prepare.
Enhancing nutritional and functional properties of rice starch by modification with Matcha extract
Authors: Cetin‐Babaoglu Hümeyra , Aydın Hümeyra , Kumas Rumeysa , Arslan‐Tontul Sultan
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to increase the functionality of rice starch by modifying matcha tea extract and to determine the effect on some physicochemical properties and starch digestibility. According to the data analyzed, treatment with matcha extract was effective in increasing the nutritional value of native rice starch. At the highest level of extract addition, total phenolic and flavonoid content reached 129.54 mg/100 g and 40.16 mg/100 g, respectively, as no phenolic or flavonoid content was detected in control. In addition, the highest DPPH and FRAP values were determined to be 296.62 μmol TE/100 g and 814.89 mg/100 g, respectively, at the highest extract addition level. Treatment with matcha extract significantly reduced the eGI of native rice starch from to 94.61 to 64.63, while resistant starch was increased from 0.90 to 33.43%. According to the physiochemical analysis, there was a positive correlation between the extract ratio and the water‐holding capacity of rice starch due to the high hydrophilic capacity of the phenolic compounds. In addition, the solubility and swelling power of starch were increased by treatment with matcha extract, but high temperatures had a negative effect on these physicochemical properties.