bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RGLS and RLS in Covariance Structure Analysis
Authors: Zheng Bang Quan
Published: October 2021

This paper assesses the performance of regularized generalized least squares (RGLS) and reweighted least squares (RLS) methodologies in a confirmatory factor analysis model. Normal theory maximum likelihood (ML) and GLS statistics are based on large sample statistical theory. However, violation of asymptotic sample size is ubiquitous in real applications of structural equation modeling (SEM), and ML and GLS goodness-of-fit tests in SEM often make incorrect decisions on the true model. The novel methods RGLS and RLS aim to correct the over-rejection by ML and under-rejection by GLS. Proposed by Arruda and Bentler (2017), RGLS replaces a GLS weight matrix with a regularized one. Rediscovered by Hayakawa (2019), RLS replaces this weight matrix with one that derives from an ML function. Both of these methods outperform ML and GLS when samples are small, yet no studies have compared their relative performance. A confirmatory factor analysis Monte Carlo simulation study with normal and non-normal data was carried out to examine the statistical performance of these two methods at different sample sizes. Based on empirical rejection frequencies and empirical distributions of test statistics, we find that RLS and RGLS have equivalent performance when N≥70; whereas when N<70, RLS outperforms RGLS. Both methods clearly outperform ML and GLS with N≤400. Nonetheless, adopting mean and variance adjusted test proposed by Hayakawa (2019) for non-normal data, our results show that RGLS slightly outperforms RLS.
Anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory flavonoid constituents from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis
Authors: Manivannan R , Aeganathan R. , Prabakaran K.
Published: October 2021

A chemical investigation on the leaves of Lawsonia inermis led to the isolation and identification of five known and rare flavonoids, apigenin (1), 5, 7, 4 - trihydroxy-6, 3, 5-trimethoxyflavone (2), pectolinarigenin (3), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (4), and pectolinarin (5). Their structures were established on the basis of chromatography and spectroscopic evidence and comparisons with literature data. Antimicrobial and carrageenan induced paw edema in male albino rats were determined. Compounds 4 and 5 showed the most powerful antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus flavus at the dose of 200 mg/kg. Compound 2 showed pronounced anti-inflammatory effects (3.17±0.15 after 3 h of injection), slightly higher than that of other four compounds.
Tinospora cordifolia Enhances Vyadhikshamatwa (immunity) in Children
Authors: Sharma Devasya Narayana , Sharma Ajitha
Published: October 2021

Background: The immune system in children is constantly developing and they are at an increased risk of infections. It is vital to help enhance immunity by vaccination but more people are turning towards traditional medicines today. The vast flora of the world offers newer options to this effect and is worth exploring. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) is one such plant which has been traditionally used for various health conditions and is also proven to be an immunomodulator. Objective: To evaluate the role of Tinospora cordifolia in status of Vyadhikshamatwa (immunity) in children. Materials and Methods: An open-labelled, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 400 children aged 1-15 years, with 200 each in control and test groups. Study drug and placebo were administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight twice daily with honey for 2 months. Response was assessed by total leucocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte percentage and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). Results were analysed statistically using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for intra-group comparisons and unpaired t-test for intergroup comparisons using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Results: The test drug showed statistically significant increase in TLC (P<0.001), ALC (P<0.001) and lymphocyte percentage (P<0.001) as compared to placebo. Also the rate of infections in the trial group were significantly lesser during the study period (P<0.001). Conclusion: Tinospora cordifolia significantly improves immunity in children and can be used as an adjuvant to vaccination.
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of crude aqueous and ethanol extracts of Salvadora persica L. stem (Miswak) from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdallah Emad Mohamed , Al-Harbi Khalid Assaf
Published: October 2021

Since long time ago, medicinal plant products have been a rich source of antibacterial drugs. Salvadora persica L. stem is used basically for cleanse, get rid of microbes and the stink smell of the mouth. Phytochemical investigations on the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Salvadora persica L. stem revealed presence of some bioactive principles, such as Saponins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, Terpenoids and flavonoids. Antimicrobial investigation revealed presence of some degree of antimicrobial effect against some gram negative bacteria (Salmonella enterica ATCC 5174, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 49132, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 27736, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and some gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 49461, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923). This antibacterial activity considered Competitor to penicillin G, but modest when compared to gentamicin. The antibiotic penicillin is collapsing and it is no longer a good option.
An overview: Citrus maxima
Authors: Vijaylakshmi P. , Radha R.
Published: October 2021

Plants have been used as traditional medicine for several thousands of years. Herbal medicine is still a mainstay of about 70-80% of the world’s population as they are easily available source for healthcare purposes in rural and tribal areas. India being the largest producer of medicinal plants it is correctly known as “Botanical garden of the world”. The plant Citrus maxima (J. Burm.) Merr. is a widely distributed indigenous plants found in Indian subcontinent. Which is been widely used. The present study was aimed to review the ethanobotanical properties, pharmacognostic, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Citrus maxima. The various parts of this plant are widely used by different tribal communities. The leaves of plant are used in Epilepsy, chorea, Convulsive cough and also in the treatment of hemorrhage disease. Oil from fresh leaves posses anti dermatophytic activity and Fungicidal activity. Flower are Used as sedative in nervous affection. Fruits acts as cardiotonic and are used in Leprosy, Asthma, Cough, hiccough, mental aberration, Epilepsy. Rind are Antiasthmatic, sedative in nervous affection, Brain tonic and Useful in vomiting, griping of abdomen, diarrhea, Headache and eye troubles. Root and Bark: Antimicrobial activity. Following various claims for cure of numerous diseases, efforts have been made by researchers to verify the efficacy of the plant through scientific biological screening. A scrutiny of literature reveals some notable pharmacological activities of the plant such as activity on CNS, anti diabetic and cholesterol reducing property, analgesic, anti inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidative property, cytotoxic activity, and many more medicinal values.
Protective effect of Andrographis paniculata on hyperglycemic mediated oxidative damage in renal tissues of diabetic rats
Authors: Sivakumar V. , Rajeshkumar S.
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol extract of Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) on hyperglycemic mediated oxidative damage in the renal tissues of experimental diabetic rats and to determine the potential bioactive components of A. paniculata ethanol extract was scrutinized using GC-MS techniques. Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin. Experimental period, the animal body weight, blood glucose, urea, serum proteins, cholesterol, antioxidant key enzymes and histological changes in kidneys were determined. The untreated diabetic and A. paniculata treated diabetic groups lost weight and consumed less quantity of food compared to the normal group. We noted decrease in blood glucose in the ethanol extract of A. paniculata treated diabetic group compared to normal and glibenclamide treated groups. The serum protein level was increase and cholesterol and urea levels were significantly (P<0.01) reduced in the A. paniculata extract treated group compared to the normal group. The levels of lipid peroxides in Plasma and kidney tissues were found to be elevated and kidney tissue enzymes of Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase were found to be decreased in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats when compared to normal. After treatment of A. paniculata, it brings back to significantly (P<0.01) near normal levels. Diabetes associated with marked histological changes in the kidney over a period of 32 days as revealed by tubular epithelial hypertrophy, glomerulosclerosis and glycogen accumulation. Treatment with A. paniculata extract afforded significant protection from renal damage whereas tubular damage was more pronounced in rats treated with glibenclamide. According to traditional indigenous medicinal systems of India this plant has got several medicinal effects without producing any severe side effects. This plant could be very well used as prevention of hyperglycemic complications and tissues damaging through the oxidation.
Antimicrobial screening of free and bound flavonoid from the bark of Terminalia arjuna
Authors: Jaiswal Priyanka , Kumar Padma
Published: October 2021

Continuous use of antibiotics results in the increased number of antibiotic resistant strains of microorganisms. Thus, a diverse arsenal of new antimicrobial agents is urgently needed to combat the diminishing efficacy of existing antibiotics. Almost all parts of plants (roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds) have been reported to have one or the other important bioactive compound but very little has been reported from bark of the plant except for few. Present study is confined to explore bark of Terminelia arjuna for some bioactive compounds. T. arjuna bark was collected, air dried and soxhlet extracted by using standard method for flavonoid extraction. Bound and free flavonoid extracts were then screened for antimicrobial activity using Disc Diffusion Assay. MIC, MBC and TA of each extract was also calculated. Both bound and free flavonoid showed activity against all the selected pathogens but the maximum inhibition zone was observed against Agrobacterium tumifacians (IZ= 19mm, AI=1.461±0.010) & Bacillus subtilis (IZ= 16mm, AI= 1.230±0.098) by the bound and free flavonoid extract of the plant respectively. Results obtained advocates the use of bark of the selected plant for pharmaceutical purpose to combat upcoming resistant pathogens.
Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on leaves of Oxalis corniculata Linn
Authors: Karunanithi Shalini , Rajkishore Vijaya Bharathi , Pol Vandhana. Ganesh. , M Sitharathul Mumthana. , Abirami. D , Jayshree Dr.
Published: October 2021

Oxalis corniculata Linn is an annual herb commonly known as Indian horrel belonging to the family Oxalidaceae. It is found to uses as, anthelminitic, astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, cardiac disorders, diarrheoa, dysmenorrhoea, hepatic disorders, eye disease, scurvy and toxicity. This research work deals with the Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical studies on leaves of Oxalis corniculata Linn microscopic photographs of transverse section (T.S) of Oxalis corniculata should distinct presentation of epidermal trichomes, calcium oxalate crystals and stomata. Standardization of the plant were done with the help of extractive values [ alcohol soluble extractive (16%w/w), water soluble extractive (24%w/w)], total ash (15%w/w), acid insoluble ash (1.7%w/w), water soluble ash (1.8%w/w), sulphated ash (0.9%w/w). Pytochemical analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, flavanoids, phenols, tannins, volatile oils, aminoacids and proteins. The dried coarsely powdered Oxalis corniculata plant was extracted with ethanol 600C in soxhlet apparatus for 24 hours. Another extract is prepared in cold maceration method for 7 days using water. The both extract was collected and preserved in a vaccum desicator. Fluorescence analysis was carried out for the plant powder and extract. This study various Pharmacognostical and physiochemical parameters for the identification and standardization of the plant material and Phytochemical screening for determination of active constituents.
Evaluation of the impact of parameters on the gamma index for breast cancer treatments
Authors: Querebalú Garcia C. , Carrasco Solis E. , Valladolid Salazar José Vidal , Centeno Ramos J.
Published: October 2021

Volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy treatments (VMAT) can achieve highly conformed dose distributions, however, due to the complexity of the technique, there may have differences between the planned and administered dose distributions, generated by the precision in the dose calculation of the treatment planning system (TPS) or by the errors associated with it. One way to quantify the difference between both dose distributions is by using the gamma index; however, there is no accord regarding the parameters that should be used in its analysis. On the other hand, this gamma index may depend on the pathology and the area to be treated. For this reason, the present work aims to evaluate different parameters of the analysis of the gamma index for breast cancer treatments, these are local and global normalization, the analysis criteria (1%/1 mm, 2%/2 mm, 3%/2 mm, 2%/3 mm, 3%/3 mm and 5%/3 mm) and the low dose threshold (LDT) of 5% and 10%. For this, 30 treatment plans performed with VMAT technique in a 6 MV Infinity linear accelerator (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) were analyzed, calculated with the TPS Monaco V.5.11.03 (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) and measured with the Octavius 4D system (PTW, Freiburg, Germany). The results of the analysis of the global gamma index were of a gamma passing rate (%GP) greater than 95% for analysis criteria of 3%/3 mm and 5%/3 mm, however, for these same parameters in the local gamma index analysis the results are 85.8% and 91.1% respectively. In addition, from the LDT evaluation, it is observed that there is a mean increase of %GP for the local gamma index analysis and a mean decrease of %GP for the global gamma index analysis, for the LDT from 5% to 10%. On the other hand, the standard deviation is lower in the global gamma index analysis than in the local one, and it decreases when the analysis criteria are less strict. It is concluded that there is not a great difference in choosing the LDT of 5% or 10%. When the gamma analysis criteria are less strict, the %GP increases both for the analysis of the local and global gamma index, taking this into account, each parameter should be used carefully according to the treatment plan to be analyzed, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of each parameter.
Revisiting Auburn Avenue: The Construction of an Afrofuturist Counterpublic Space
Authors: Hanafi Elyes
Published: October 2021

The black counterpublic, as a space where black people could exercise their discursive contestation and participatory deliberation, has too often served to produce a counter-discourse aiming at defying white hegemonic mode of rule and racialized categorization of members of society. In the same vein, Afrofuturism, as a burgeoning cultural movement in the United States, employs the Afrodiasporic experience as a backdrop against which to contest the white-narrated version of black history and to project a better future for people of African descent. Merging the underlying philosophies of the black counterpublic and Afrofuturism, this paper seeks to advance the notion of the Afrofuturist counterpublic as a more embedded concept that tends to address the past and future of the black experience in a more explicit and overt form. Drawing mainly on Inwood’s representation of the redevelopment project along Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, GA, as a contemporary form of the counterpublic, this article adds to his insights by suggesting that Auburn Avenue as a rehabilitated space is deeply informed by the undergirding tenets of the counterpublic and Afrofuturist theories so as to exalt it to a symbol of an Afrofuturist counterpublic.
Locating Muslim Cinema(s)
Authors: Askari Kaveh , Bernstein Marc S.
Published: October 2021

The four essays collected here raise a series of questions that unsettle and reconfigure some of the most persistent boundaries in studies of world cinema. In “Hollywood’s Bad Muslims: Misrepresentations and the Channeling of Racial Violence,” Imed Ben Labidi highlights the potential pitfalls of such an attempted mapping, focusing on Hollywood’s essentialized and essentializing portrayal of Muslims and Arabs. Conversely, while remaining within the confines of a small national industry, in “The Poetics of Tajik Cinema,” Sharofat Arabova transcends the implicit distortions of schematic periodization, tracing evolving traditions of film poetics across the major historical transformations of the Soviet and sovereign periods. Similarly, while feminist theory has been at the core of film studies since its inception, the two pieces in this collection complicate understandings of the construction of gender in Muslim cinemas. Sitara Thobani’s “Locating the Tawa’if Courtesan–Dancer: Cinematic Constructions of Religion and Nation” resists the impulse to understand tawa’if solely in terms of gendered spectacle, instead exploring the less examined question of this figure’s Muslim identity. In the final piece, “Defa’-e Moghaddas (The Sacred Defense), Hamdeli va Mehrvarzi (Camaraderie and Love from Knowing the Other), and the Making of Social Cinema in Post-Revolutionary Islamic Iran,” Fakhri Haghani contrasts the front-line masculinist cinema of the Iranian “sacred defense” with social dramas that reveal undertheorized gender dynamics of sacrifice and justice. Each of these pieces, then, invigorates core questions within the field of religion and popular culture by positing Muslim cinema as a point of intersection at which Muslim participation in the creation and viewing of film may productively be explored, while simultaneously offering a broader, more universal alternative perspective by attending to cinema′s functions in the quotidian lives of members of religious communities.
The accessibility of BBC television to users with disabilities: from the law to user satisfaction
Authors: García-Prieto Victoria , Aguaded Ignacio
Published: October 2021

Universal accessibility to public television guarantees the fundamental right to receive media information and promotes social inclusion. British audiovisual regulations impose minimum quotas for subtitling, audio description, and sign language to make content more accessible to people with visual or hearing impairment. However, these minimum requirements do not ensure full user satisfaction. The aim of this study is to present a descriptive analysis of user satisfaction with the accessibility of BBC public television services, both linear and on demand, and collect the improvements demanded by users. The survey method was applied, interviewing 442 UK residents who were users of subtitles, audio description, and sign language, mostly people with disabilities or members of their families. The questionnaire also included qualitative questions to capture basic demands identified by the users. One of the main results is the need to improve the quality and synchrony of live subtitling, and to increase the fractions of programming with audio description and sign language. Moreover, beyond compliance with the law, it is essential to listen to the opinions of users with visual or hearing impairment to ensure that services fulfill their mission of guaranteeing audiovisual accessibility and promoting social inclusion.
Основы медицинских знаний. Практикум: учебно-методическое пособие, [электронное издание сетевого распространения] / И.В. Смородинова, Е.И. Квартыч, И.Н. Тихонова, Т.Н. Лопатина. – М.: «КДУ», «Добросвет», 2021. – 106 с.
Authors:   Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Смородинова И.В. , Квартыч Е.И. ,   Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Тихонова И.Н. ,   Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Лопатина Т.Н. ,   Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute
Published: October 2021

Учебно-методическое пособие «Основы медицинских знаний. Практикум» составлено в соответствии с требованиями ФГОС СПО, рабочим учебным планом и программой дисциплины. Учебное пособие раскрывает основные аспекты организации самостоятельной работы студентов при изучении основ медицинских знаний, а также может быть использовано преподавателями в качестве дополнительного материала при планировании лекционных и семинарских занятий по этой дисциплине. В издании представлены общие рекомендации к работе над курсом и рекомендации по выполнению практических заданий. Рекомендовано к использованию в образовательных учреждениях, реализующих образовательные программы среднего профессионального образования по направлению подготовки 44.02.02 «Преподавание в начальных классах».
Use of internet marketing in communication activities of dairy enterprises
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Barylovych O. M.
Published: October 2021

The use of Internet markeƟng tools in the communicaƟon acƟviƟes of dairy enterprises in Ukraine is analyzed in the arƟcle. In parƟcular, the connecƟon between the intensity of the use of Internet technologies and consumer preferences for the products of the studied enterprises was traced. An analysis of their websites using the SimilarWeb service is done. It has been idenƟﬁed that four of the ﬁve leading companies in terms of consumer website popularity are also leaders in the ranking of consumer preferences for milk of various brands. The indicators of eﬃciency of the websites of the researched enterprises and socio-demographic characterisƟcs of the users are given. It is determined that, despite a signiﬁcant increase in the number of users who use mobile devices to search for the necessary informaƟon, the share of users who visit sites from desktop devices, ie PCs, laptops and netbooks, is higher. The channels of aƩracƟng traﬃc to the sites of enterprises and data on the distribuƟon of traﬃc from various social networks are given. It is determined that the main channels of aƩracƟng traﬃc for the surveyed companies are organic traﬃc and direct acƟons in the browser at the site address. Indicators of acƟvity in social networks of dairy enterprises are given. It is established that the eﬀecƟveness of aƩracƟng traﬃc through social networks depends on the goals of the enterprise, the content oﬀered to the consumer, and the speciﬁcs of the targeted acƟon required to make the transiƟon to the site. The adverƟsing campaigns conducted by enterprises in social networks are analyzed. Most of them are aimed at acquainƟng the target audience with new products and promoƟng the company’s products. Another goal is to increase the subscriber base on YouTube and Instagram and promote sites.
Trends in the development of the organic products market
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Butenko V. , Baidala V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Toiunda A. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: October 2021

Problems of the environmental degradation, declining life quality and the need to meet the needs of consumers in organic food determine the relevance of research the market of organic products. The purpose of the article is the consideration of the development history, analysis of world experience and trends in the market of organic products in order to develop mechanisms that will contribute to the development of this market segment in Ukraine. There are considered the history of the development of organic farming, its main stages, and significant events in this article. It is determined that the production of organic products was formed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the modern interpretation and get widespread in the 80s of the twentieth century. The authors analyze the current state of the market of organic products in countries that have leading positions in the world. The special features of the formation of this market in the EU, where the area of organic farming is about 7.5% of the area of agricultural land, are considered. The analysis of volumes of consumption of organic products in the different countries is done. It is determined that the leaders in the production and consumption of organic products are the United States, Germany, France, Italy, China. Special attention is paid to the functioning of the market of organic products in Ukraine. It is determined that Ukraine has a leading position in exporting of organic products to the world market. But the vast majority of such exports are raw materials. Based on the world experience of organic market development, the main mechanisms have been identified. Its application will help to further development of organic market in Ukraine.
Variable evaluation of efficiency of milk production in conditions unstable market
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Galushko V. , Sarabai N. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: October 2021

ProducƟon eﬃciency characterizes the eﬀecƟveness of producƟon. This category shows the increase in producƟon volumes and at what price for the products and what costs of resources for the producƟon of these products this increase is achieved, that is, it indicates the quality of economic growth. To determine the economic eﬃciency of producƟon, it is necessary to study the results of producƟon and sales acƟviƟes, to analyze expenses, sales prices, cost and proﬁtability. The milk market is part of the structure of the food market of any country. The state of the country’s economy, its food security, the standard of living and health of the populaƟon depend on its development. Such factors as a constant and unpredictable change in the economic situaƟon in the country, changes in legislaƟon, inadequate state regulaƟon of producƟon and sales of products, poor quality of raw materials and auxiliary materials, lack of moƟvaƟonal levers, a decline in the populaƟon’s income, reducƟon in the animal feed base and high-quality livestock inﬂuence the milk market. The pricing situaƟon on the milk market in Ukraine, the producƟvity of cows and the costs of producing the milk are considered to evaluate the eﬀecƟveness of milk producƟon. A method is proposed for calculaƟng a variable assessment of the economic eﬃciency of milk producƟon depending on costs, cow producƟvity and selling prices in an unstable market, which takes into account the possible market situaƟon, milk producƟon technologies, price factors, opƟmisƟc and pessimisƟc condiƟons for the development of the industry. Variable calculaƟons of the break-even price of milk sales have been carried out depending on the producƟvity of cows, producƟon costs and the projected market condiƟons for milk. The proposed methodological approaches enable the government of the agro-industrial complex to monitor the livestock producƟon market and develop sound strategies to support agricultural producers, taking into account tax policies, internal and external condiƟons in food markets.
Employee motivation of agricultural enterpriseі in conditions of innovative development
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Dramaretska K. Р.
Published: October 2021

The arƟcle reveals the role of employee moƟvaƟon of agricultural enterprises in terms of innovaƟve development. In modern condiƟons of innovaƟon development there is an insuﬃcient level of employee moƟvaƟon of agricultural enterprises to intensify innovaƟon acƟvity. There is a problem in understanding the essence of moƟvaƟon, due to the mulƟplicity of approaches and methods of its study. The interpretaƟon of the concept of “moƟvaƟon” by Ukrainian and foreign scienƟsts is given. In modern condiƟons to ensure, the eﬀecƟve funcƟoning of agricultural enterprises there is a need for innovaƟve acƟvity of employee. ScienƟsts’ interpretaƟon of the concept of “innovaƟon” is presented. Based on the generalizaƟon of diﬀerent views of scienƟsts, it is established that there is no single posiƟon on the deﬁniƟon of “innovaƟon”. In modern economics, the quesƟon remains: is innovaƟon the result of innovaƟon or is it a process of implemenƟng a new idea? Employees must form eﬀecƟve management of agricultural enterprises based on the percepƟon of innovaƟons. The mechanism of employee moƟvaƟon of agricultural enterprises in the condiƟons of innovaƟve development is oﬀered, which provides response to innovaƟve, economic, social, ecological changes, where the emphasis is made on increase of business acƟvity of workers, on their encouragement to introducƟon and fast percepƟon of innovaƟons. In modern condiƟons, the development of innovaƟve acƟviƟes of agricultural enterprises is on the verge of synthesis of scienƟﬁc knowledge and tangible assets. The modern management system of an economic enƟty should be based on the principle of development of its staﬀ and the development of a mechanism for moƟvaƟng employees of agricultural enterprises to intensify innovaƟon. It was found that the percepƟon of innovaƟons by employees of the enterprise is their ability to implement innovaƟons, which is characterized by the Ɵme of implementaƟon. It is established that a well-built mechanism of staﬀ moƟvaƟon contributes to the formaƟon of appropriate incenƟves and working condiƟons under which employees will work to achieve the goals of the enterprise. PosiƟve results of moƟvaƟonal measures to intensify innovaƟon in the agricultural enterprise will be achieved by encouraging employees to self-development to ensure their professional growth.
Socio-economic consequences of land reform in Ukraine
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Zhylin O.
Published: October 2021

The article examines theoretical foundations of socio-economic consequences of land reform in Ukraine. Prospects and possibilities for opening of the market of agricultural land in Ukraine through foreign experience in land reform are analyzed. It is determined that threre are a lot of agricultural enterprises, which use agricultural land mainly for maximum self-enrichment, while neglecting norms of rational land use. It is determined that attracted capital will be played the critical role in the process of agrarian reform, which within the legal framework of the mechanism of circulation of agricultural land will be used by all participants, namely the state and owners / sellers with buyers / tenants. The effectiveness of implementation and functioning of the land market will be carried out on the basis of the established scientific base, the operating activity of state bodies and taking into account the interests of market participants. The level of centralization and decentralization of land potential management is taken significant value in foreign countries, representative bodies of territorial communities have specific powers for land use, organizational and legal forms of land use and forms of ownership of land resources are exceptional. It is determined that results of land reform are assessed by identifying the social, economic and environmental consequences, which are considered in physical and qualitative terms. The consequences of land reform are manifested in real economy and have the long-term impact not only on it but also on life of society in general. Totally, this will concern not only the regulatory implementation of the rules for organizing of the market of agricultural land, but also the practical aspect of ensuring the implementation of land reform.
Regional aspects of the bioeconomy strategy in Ukraine
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Koval Olena , Koval I. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Koval Olexander ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: October 2021

The European integration is the way of current reforms in Ukraine. The main goal of the socio-economic development is to increase the well-being of people in the country. The bioeconomy strategy leads to a sustainable bioeconomy with the higher employment in agriculture, food and drink manufacture as a result of new green jobs, healthy ecosystems, and the new bio-based products. Purpose of this article is to establish effective directions for the intensive development of the bioeconomy strategy in Ukraine, then to determine the features response to European priorities and policies and to demonstrate the role of Ukraine in fulfilling global Commitments as Paris Agreement, SDGs, Bioeconomy strategy. Our comparative analysis of existing national and international strategies in particular European, with a focus on governance, builds on existing legislative documents, knowledge base network and previous work. Scientific abstraction, analyses and synthesis, logical approach and statistics on the development of the bioeconomy in the EU emphasize its socio-economic potential for the intensive development of the bioeconomy strategy in Ukraine. The article analyze the works of scientists on the preconditions, modern features of development, indicators of macroeconomic analysis, conceptual foundations of bioeconomy strategies, mechanisms of state regulation of the agricultural economy in general and the bioeconomy in particular. Biotechnology plays a key role in the following sectors of the economy: construction, agriculture, food and beverages. The importance of biotechnology is substantially reaffirmed once again during the COVID-19 virus pandemic, so that biotechnology could create the vaccine to combat the virus. Bioeconomy development is a mainstream research in the world and in Ukraine in accordance with food security, biotechnologies and environmental protection, circular economy and sustainable development. The different political approaches have many common measures to advance the economic growth with an ecological sustainability and biotechnological innovation, which increase efficiency and value-added potential. Based on the study, the authors propose to focus the attention of entrepreneurs, scientists and local governments on the measures of regional bioeconomy strategies development for further approval of the initiative at the state level.
The possible development of the rural – agrotourism in Hungary
Authors:   Hungarian University of Agiculture and Life Sciences, Szabó Lajos , Balogh Andrej ,   Hungarian University of Agiculture and Life Sciences, Huszár Péter ,   Hungarian University of Agiculture and Life Sciences, Tóth Attila ,   Hungarian University of Agiculture and Life Sciences, Bánhegyi Anna ,   Hungarian University of Agiculture and Life Sciences
Published: October 2021

As a consequence of the pandemia of coronavirus 19, in 2020-21, there is an increasing demand for the internal tourism, and among the alternative touristic products, the village- and agrotourism gaining higher popularity, as the other rural lifestyle touristic products. Thus, as a result of this fact, the Hungarian Touristic Agency, and The National Union of Rural-and Agrotourism (FATOSZ), togeather with the Government, decided to increase the quality of the touristic products. The aim of the ammendment of the National Strategy of Development of Tourism 2.0, is to establish sustainable, quality, rural tourism, and taking working people in agriculture into tourism. It benefits supplementary income for local people working in agriculture, and thus helps to implement integral rural development. Within the rural tourism, the agrotourism connected directly to the agricultural production, to the produced products, the realization of them, and running of the accomodation. To implement sustainable tourism, the responsible tourist aim to do the less impact on the environment and culture of the visited countryside. The caused harm is minimized by a responsible tourist, and interested in active way of life, and get acquanted with the local folk art.
Price position of Ukrainian wheat on the world market
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Pankratova L. , Hrabina S. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: October 2021

The arƟcle analyzes price posiƟons of Ukrainian wheat on the world market, detects main compeƟtors and its target market. Also, tasks for cereal market operators in connecƟon with an increase of Ukrainian share in world trade due to surge in Ukrainian wheat sales more than 3 Ɵmes for the last 7 years is considered in the arƟcle. The Ukrainian share in wheat sales of the Black Sea basin countries was 23,1%, Russian share – 48,4%, Romania – 10,1% in 2019/2020 markeƟng year. The main compeƟtor of Ukraine among the Black Sea basin countries is Russia that has increased its wheat exports more than 3 Ɵmes and has enough poliƟcal and economic moƟvaƟons to use predatory pricing strategies. Other worthy compeƟtors are France and Romania. They have strong market posiƟons because of the European Union protecƟonist policy. The rise in stock for crops in 2020 caused price escalaƟon on the world market. We should use internal and external methods such as macroeconomic stabilizaƟon, in parƟcular exchange rate, opƟmizing technology for producƟon and storing to prevent losses, adherence to the principles of business ethics in the execuƟon of contracts, improvement of the remaining infrastructure, logisƟcs and informaƟon-based promoƟon to provide raising the image of Ukrainian products on the world market. Today the agricultural businesses should make informed decisions regarding further export of Ukrainian wheat, realisƟcally assess the capaciƟes of its sales considering world market demands and own economic acƟvity results.
Plasmacytoma of Skull Mimicking Meningioma and Metastasis
Authors: Chaurasia Bipin
Published: October 2021

Plasmacytoma is a tumor arising from plasma cell, which mainly grows within soft tissue or within axial skeleton. When it is present as a discreet solitary mass it is called as solitary plasmacytoma and it is rare. We report a case of 46 years male presented to us with the complaints of painless swelling in the left front parietal region which is about 8.6x6.5cm in diameter .Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) revealed an extra axial mass in fronto parietal region with overlying bone destruction mimicking meningioma with bony erosion. We did fronto parietal craniectomy and complete resection of tumor with bone margin subsequent cranioplasty also done.Histopathology of which revealed plasmacytoma. After that we did urinary bence jones protein which was negative.
An Easier Method to Analyze Stereologically the Pig’s Hippocampus
Authors: Bassi Thiago
Published: October 2021

Most neuro-pathophysiological research involving the hippocampus uses rodents as a nonhuman model, due to the extensive experimental descriptive literature and favorable cost. The findings from the rodent hippocampus may not be generalizable to humans, though, as ontogenetically they have different hippocampal components. While the rodent model has these limitations, the use of nonhuman primates is often not feasible due to economic and ethical considerations. Pigs are a translational alternative due to the anatomic similarity of the hippocampus in humans and pigs. Materials and Methods: Eight pigs’ brains were harvested and then analyzed according to our previously established technique. Five brains were frozen and three were stored in formalin. All eight brains were then sent to an independent histology service, where they were sectioned according to the methodology established by Holm 1994. The slabs were 10 µm with 2.5 cm2 of hippocampus cross-sectional area. Results: The mean total hippocampus volume was 892.84 mm3 ± 198.91 mm3 using Holm’s methodology. The mean number of cells per sample (20X magnification settings) was 9996.75, using automated ImageJ cell counting. Discussion: In this study, the counts of hippocampus cells were divided into two regions of interest: CA1 and CA3. Our results show that the mean number of hippocampus cells observed was 5.75 million and 2.25 million, in the CA1 and CA3 regions respectively. Holm reported 4.12 million cells in the CA1 region and 1.51 million cells in the CA3 region. The results presented here indicate the CA1 and CA3 cell percentages being 23% and 9% respectively, which are similar to the percentages reported by Holm (21% and 12%). Conclusion: These results corroborate previous findings and demonstrate a novel and cost-effective way to study the hippocampus of pigs in translational neurological research.
Aging and Social Gerontology vs Social Accounting in Developing Countries
Authors: Sheykhi Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Though aging is a gift in general, it may be a hard time for many in developing countries in particular. Aging may be defined as the combination of biological, social and psychological processes that affect people as they grow older. The first refers to the physical body, the second refers to cultural values, norms and role expectations that change with age, and the third refers to the change in one's emotional, cognitive and mental capabilities. Science, modern technologies, improved agriculture, sanitation, medicaments, improved nutrition and many more developments have brought about aging increase and declining mortality. Social aspects of aging or social gerontology as a new phenomenon needs to be taken into account through social accounting. As rapid changes are emerging in population structure in modern times, social accountants need to study and project different emerging changes of population including aging and gerontology. While aging is affected by the quality of the society, it affects society too. Such a phenomenon is currently appearing in the developing world. Similarly, aging people find a different psychology and lifestyle contradicting their younger ages. Such a dramatic change needs more applicable inspection including geriatrics and social accounting. However, complications in elderly life is ever appearing and increasing. Method of research used in the present paper is mainly based on a qualitative approach. Various subtitles discussed in the present paper, result from aging, or influence aging phenomenon. The paper concludes that social accounting widely affects healthy aging.
Atlantoaxial subluxation due to os odontoideum combined with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: case report and literature review
Authors: Tian Ye , Yuan Wen , Liu Gang , Cao Peng , Shen Xiaolong
Published: October 2021

Study Design: This was a case report and literature review Objective: We describe a case of os odontoideum combined with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), both of which require surgical treatment. Summary of Background Data: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is often a disease of the older population, while os odontoideum is a well known disease mainly diagnosed in children and young adults but rarely in the middle-aged population. Os odontoideum combined with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, both of which require surgical treatment is even more rare, there was only one such case in the literature. Methods: We describe a 68-year-old male who underwent C1–C2 posterior screw-rod fixation for os odontoideum and cervical posterior single open-door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Results: Twelve months after surgery, the patient showed improvement and the plain radiographs showed no loss of correction or instrumentation failure. Conclusions: To our best knowledge, this is the second case of surgical stabilization for both cervical spondylotic myelopathy and myelopathy atlantoaxial subluxation due to os odontoideum.
Fostering responsive and alert villages during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mayangan District, Probolinggo
Authors: Trismawati Trismawati , Maulana Adam Febrian , Kurniawan Didik , Gumilar Panggayuh Jala , Irawan Roni Dwi , Setiawan Novian Dwi Cahyo , Afiandari Ery , Aldian W Karunia , Pradana Nico Andi , Sari Ratna Puspita , Zein Silvia , Setyowati Ira , Ahmad Khofifah Taslimah , Hanoem Maghfirah , Irsyat Moch , Yasmin Yasmin , Romadhoni Achmad , Pambudi Satrio Agung , Wahyudi Arief
Published: October 2021

The high rate of the spread of Covid-19 in the Probolinggo area has disrupted stability in all aspects. This service activity aims to increase public knowledge and alertness about the dangers of Covid-19 transmission. This activity was carried out by implementing 5M counseling, distributing masks and hand sanitizers, planting TOGA (Family Medicinal Plants), and spraying disinfectant liquid at public facilities. The result of this activity is the increased insight and alertness of the Mayangan District community about the dangers and preventive methods of Covid-19.
Community empowerment program to prevent Covid-19 transmission at Tahfidz Al-Qur'an Al Fath Islamic Boarding School, Pemalang
Authors: Fijianto Dwi , Isyti'aroh Isyti'aroh
Published: October 2021

Icor data from Pemalang Regency, Central Java, said that up to January 25, 2021, there were 3180 confirmed positive COVID-19 patients and 187 of them died. This community service activities are carried out to prevent the transmission of Covid-19 at the Tahfidz Al-Qur'an Al Fath Islamic Boarding School through community empowerment programs as a form of vigilance against infectious diseases caused by viruses. The activities carried out are providing health information through showing videos about Covid-19 and its transmission as well as prevention efforts with 3M. In addition, the community service team also provided training on how to wash hands in the correct 6 steps. The activity was attended by 31 participants consisting of caregivers and students of Islamic boarding schools. The results of the service revealed that participants' knowledge of Covid-19 prevention increased from 6.84 to 8.32.
Early-age breast cancer awareness and prevention by the formation of peer groups: 'GiRLs Can' (youth movement against cancer)
Authors: Wijayanti Kurnia , Janitra Fitria Endah , Wahyuningsih Indah Sri
Published: October 2021

The rate of new breast cancer cases is globally on the rise. This health condition is the most common cancer type suffered by adult women and adolescents in Indonesia. There is also a widespread concern of an increasing risk in subsequent generations. Therefore, the need to provide extensive awareness and prevention efforts appears very paramount, particularly in a premature stage. Early detection and diagnosis have been proved effective in breast cancer reduction and treatment. The peer group 'GiRLs Can' was formed to enhance the knowledge, skills and abilities related to active breast cancer prevention. This initiative also involved peer education in the form of training, demonstration, practice and re-training. The results showed 90% of the ‘GiRLs Can’ members were well-informed on the basic concepts of breast cancer, and demonstrated accurate self-examination processes, meanwhile 89% were able to invite other peers to partake in the self-examination. Furthermore, the service team recommended the formation of similar groups in other locations.