bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die hermeneutiek van gereformeerde kerkreg
Authors: Du Plooy Andries Le Roux
Published: October 2012

Die artikel het op die belangrikheid en noodsaaklikheid van ‘n hermeneutiek vir die gereformeerde kerkreg gefokus. Die kerkregtelike dokument wat besonderlik ter sake was, is die kerkorde van die Gereformeerde kerke in Suid-Afrika, met sy besondere band met die Dordtse kerkorde van 1618 en 1619. Agtereenvolgens is aandag gegee aan die volgende aspekte soos (1) die eiesoortige aard van ‘n kerkorde as ‘n teologiese dokument en teks, in onderskeiding van regsdokumente; (2) die aard van die hermeneutiek van kerkreg; (3) enkele teorieë oor die interpretasie of uitleg van tekste, veral regstekste en (4) normatiewe vooronderstellings en reëls vir die interpretasie en verstaan van die teks en artikels van die kerkorde asook besluite van kerklike vergaderinge. Die gevolgtrekking was dat weinig indringende navorsing gedoen is oor die saak van hermeneutiek vir kerkreg, hoewel dit noodsaaklik is. Duidelike hermeneutiese reëls is gesuggereer en verduidelik, wat sou kon meehelp dat kerke en kerklike vergaderinge die artikels van die kerkorde asook besluite en reglemente wat daarop berus het, kan interpreteer en toepas.The hermeneutics of reformed church polity. The article focused on the importance and urgency of a design for reformed hermeneutics on church polity. The Church Order referred to in the article is the Church Order of the Reformed Churches in South Africa, which are closely related to the Church Order of Dordt of 1618 and 1619. The following aspects received attention namely (1)  the unique character of a Church Order, in comparison to and distinguished from legal documents and statutes; (2) the character and nature of hermeneutics of church polity; (3) theories of interpretation in the common law tradition and their relevance to church polity and (4) normative presuppositions and marks for the interpretation and understanding of the text and articles of the Church Order, as well as the resolutions of church assemblies. It was found that minimum research has been done on the topic of hermeneutics for reformed church polity. This contribution was an effort to suggest and explain a number of hermeneutical principles and guidelines, which may serve and encourage churches and assemblies to interpret, utilise and apply the Church Order in an adequate and responsible way.
Morbidity and mortality following envenomation by the common night adder (Causus rhombeatus) in three dogs
Authors: De Cramer Kurt G.M. , Van Bart Garreth A. , Huberts Freek
Published: October 2012

In South Africa dogs are frequently presented to veterinarians following snakebite. The offending snakes are usually puff adders (Bitis arietans), cobras (Naja spp.) and mambas (Dendroaspis spp.). Night adder (Causus rhombeatus) bites in dogs have not yet been reported in South Africa. This article deals with three cases of dogs bitten by night adders in which extensive tissue damage was noted and one fatality occurred. Night adder bites may be indistinguishable from puff adder bites. Non-specific treatment included addressing the hypovolaemia and swelling. Specific treatment involving immunotherapy using the South African polyvalent antivenom would be ineffective as it does not contain immunoglobulins against night adder venom. Veterinarians should also include night adders as the possible cause of dogs suffering from severe and painful swellings suspected to be due to snakebites.
The geometry of the double gyroid wire network: quantum and classical
Authors: Kaufmann Ralph M. , Khlebnikov Sergei , Wehefritz-Kaufmann Birgit
Published: October 2012

Quantum wire networks have recently become of great interest. Here we deal with a novel nano material structure of a double gyroid wire network. We use methods of commutative and noncommutative geometry to describe this wire network. Its noncommutative geometry is closely related to noncommutative 3-tori as we discuss in detail.
A theory of induction and classification of tensor C*-categories
Authors: Pinzari Claudia , Roberts John E.
Published: October 2012

This paper addresses the problem of describing the structure of tensor C*-categories

\mathcal{M}

with conjugates and irreducible tensor unit. No assumption on the existence of a braided symmetry or on amenability is made. Our assumptions are motivated by the remark that these categories often contain non-full tensor C*-subcategories with conjugates and the same objects admitting an embedding into the Hilbert spaces. Such an embedding defines a compact quantum group by Woronowicz duality. An important example is the Temperley–Lieb category canonically contained in a tensor C*-category generated by a single real or pseudoreal object of dimension

≥ 2

. The associated quantum groups are the universal orthogonal quantum groups of Wang and Van Daele.

Our main result asserts that there is a full and faithful tensor functor from

\mathcal{M}

to a category of Hilbert bimodule representations of the compact quantum group. In the classical case, these bimodule representations reduce to the

G

-equivariant Hermitian bundles over compact homogeneous

G

-spaces, with

G

a compact group. Our structural results shed light on the problem of whether there is an embedding functor of

\mathcal{M}

into the Hilbert spaces. We show that this is related to the problem of whether a classical compact Lie group can act ergodically on a non-type I von Neumann algebra. In particular, combining this with a result of Wassermann shows that an embedding exists if

\mathcal{M}

is generated by a pseudoreal object of dimension 2.
The spectral length of a map between Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Cornelissen Gunther , de Jong Jan Willem
Published: October 2012

To a closed Riemannian manifold, we associate a set of (special values of) a family of Dirichlet series, indexed by functions on the manifold. We study the meaning of equality of two such families of spectral Dirichlet series under pullback along a map. This allows us to give a spectral characterization of when a smooth diffeomorphism between Riemannian manifolds is an isometry, in terms of equality along pullback. We also use the invariant to define the (spectral) length of a map between Riemannian manifolds, where a map of length zero between manifolds is an isometry. We show that this length induces a distance between Riemannian manifolds up to isometry.
Cyclic homologies of crossed modules of algebras
Authors: Donadze Guram , Inassaridze Nick , Khmaladze Emzar , Ladra Manuel
Published: October 2012

The Hochschild and (cotriple) cyclic homologies of crossed modules of (not necessarily unital) associative algebras are investigated. Wodzicki’s excision theorem is extended for inclusion crossed modules in the category of crossed modules of algebras. The cyclic and cotriple cyclic homologies of crossed modules are compared in terms of a long exact homology sequence, generalising the relative cyclic homology exact sequence.
Property (T) and exotic quantum group norms
Authors: Kyed David , Sołtan Piotr M.
Published: October 2012

Utilizing the notion of property (T) we construct new examples of quantum group norms on the polynomial algebra of a compact quantum group, and provide criteria ensuring that these are not equal to neither the minimal nor the maximal norm. Along the way we generalize several classical operator algebraic characterizations of property (T) to the quantum group setting which unify recent approaches to property (T) for quantum groups with previous ones. The techniques developed furthermore provide tools to answer two open problems; firstly a question by Bédos, Murphy and Tuset about automatic continuity of the comultiplication and secondly a problem left open by Woronowicz regarding the structure of elements whose coproduct is a finite sum of simple tensors.
Spectral triples and Gibbs measures for expanding maps on Cantor sets
Authors: Sharp Richard
Published: October 2012

Let

T \colon \Lambda \to \Lambda

be an expanding map on a Cantor set. For each suitably normalized Hölder continuous potential, we construct a spectral triple from which one may recover the associated Gibbs measure as a noncommutative measure.
Erratum to “C*-algebras associated with integral domains and crossed products by actions on adele spaces”
Authors: Cuntz Joachim , Li Xin
Published: October 2012

The computation in
J. Noncommut. Geom.
5 (2011), 1–37, of the K-theory of the ring C*-algebra in the case of an odd number of real embeddings contained an error, which is corrected.
Model-based fault detection for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems
Authors: Kamal MMd , Yu D
Published: October 2012

In this paper, an intelligent model-based fault detection (FD) is developed for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) dynamic systems using an independent radial basis function (RBF) networks. The novelty is that this RBF networks is used to model the PEMFC dynamic systems and residuals are generated based on the differences between the PEMFC systems and RBF networks model. Later, based on this information the RBF model performed the FD including identification and classification. Five types of faults have been introduced to the PEMFC dynamic systems which occurred in the actuator, component and three sensors part. By considering the faults in the PEMFC systems is 10% changes in each component, the efficiency of the proposed model is studied. The developed model is tested on MATLAB/Simulink simulation. The results show that all the simulated faults can clearly be detected and classified by this intelligent model-based FD. By using this intelligent FD method, the PEMFC dynamic systems is intelligent to detect the faults quickly, classify them and then appropriate action can be taken immediately.
Three-dimensional dispersion analysis of homogeneous transversely isotropic thermo elastic solid bar of polygonal cross-sections immersed in fluid
Authors: Ponnusamy P
Published: October 2012

The problem of wave propagation in an infinite, homogeneous, transversely isotropic thermo elastic polygonal cross-sectional bar immersed in fluid is studied using Fourier expansion collocation method, with in the framework of linearized, three dimensional theory of thermoelasticity. Three displacement potential functions are introduced, to uncouple the equations of motion and the heat conduction. The frequency equations are obtained for longitudinal and flexural (symmetric and antisymmetric) modes of vibration and are studied numerically for triangular, square, pentagonal and hexagonal cross- sectional Zinc bar. The computed non-dimensional wave numbers are presented in the form of dispersion curves.
Power quality enhancement using cascaded multilevel inverter based shunt hybrid active power filter
Authors: Rajasekar S , Senthilkumar A , Shasi Kumar Y , Ajay-D-VimalRaj P
Published: October 2012

This paper investigates mitigation of current harmonics using different configuration of cascaded multilevel inverter based shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) and to improve power quality of the system. The main objective of this paper is to develop and analyze the compensation characteristics of cascaded multilevel inverter based shunt hybrid active power filter by employing indirect current control algorithm. The indirect current control algorithm is employed to generate reference current and phase disposition pulse width modulation technique is incorporated to generate gating signal for shunt hybrid active power filter strategy. The nonlinear loads are connected to distort the source current to 21% of harmonics distortion, as per IEEE 519 allowable current harmonic distortion is 5%. To mitigate harmonic distortion, cascaded multilevel inverter based shunt hybrid active power filter is proposed and after compensation the source current harmonic distortion is reduced to 2.93%. The simulation analysis is carried out using SIMPOWERSYSTEMS block set of MATLAB/SIMULINK to determine which of the inverter topology based shunt hybrid active power filter strategy perform better on compensating source current harmonic distortion.
Bayesian estimations in the Kumaraswamy distribution under progressively type II censoring data
Authors: Gholizadeh R , Khalilpor M , Hadian M
Published: October 2012

This paper seeks to focus on the study and Bayesian and non-Bayesian estimators for the shape parameter, reliability and failure rate functions of the Kumaraswamy distribution in the cases of progressively type II censored samples. Maximum likelihood estimation and Bayes estimation, reliability and failure rate functions are obtained using symmetric and asymmetric loss functions. Comparisons are made between these estimators using Monte Carlo simulation study. With prior information on the parameter of the Kumaraswamy distribution, Bayes approach under squared error loss function in the reliability function has been suggested based on the pervious observations, this approach can be used for both progressively type II censorings. The study is useful for researchers and practitioners in reliability theory and quality also for scientists in physics and chemistry special hydrological literatare, where Kumaraswamy distribution is widely used.
Experimental studies on a vapour compression system using nanorefrigerants
Authors: Subramani N , Prakash MJ
Published: October 2012

Convective heat transfer is very important in the HVAC, refrigeration and microelectronics cooling applications. R134a is most widely adopted alternate refrigerant in refrigeration equipment, such s domestic refrigerators and air conditioners. Though the global warming up potential of R134a is relatively high, it is affirmed that it is a long term alternate refrigerants in lots of countries. The addition of nanoparticles to the refrigerant results in improvements in the thermophysical properties and heat transfer characteristics of the refrigerant, there by improving the performance of the refrigeration system. Stable nanolubricant has been prepared for the study. The experimental studies indicate that the refrigeration system with nanorefrigerant works normally. It is found that the freezing capacity is higher and the power consumption reduces by 25% when POE oil is replaced by a mixture of mineral oil and alumina nanoparticles. Calculations show that the enhancement factor in the evaporator is 1.53 when nanorefrigerants are used instead of pure refrigerant.
The effects of mineral dust particles, aerosol regeneration and ice nucleation parameterizations on clouds and precipitation
Authors: Teller A. , Xue L. , Levin Z.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. This study focuses on the effects of aerosol particles on the formation of convective clouds and precipitation in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, with a special emphasis on the role of mineral dust particles in these processes. We used a new detailed numerical cloud microphysics scheme that has been implemented in the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model in order to study aerosol–cloud interaction in 3-D configuration based on 1° × 1° resolution reanalysis meteorological data. Using a number of sensitivity studies, we tested the contribution of mineral dust particles and different ice nucleation parameterizations to precipitation development. In this study we also investigated the importance of recycled (regenerated) aerosols that had been released to the atmosphere following the evaporation of cloud droplets. The results showed that increased aerosol concentration due to the presence of mineral dust enhanced the formation of ice crystals. The dynamic evolution of the cloud system sets the time periods and regions in which heavy or light precipitation occurred in the domain. The precipitation rate, the time and duration of precipitation were affected by the aerosol properties only at small spatial scales (with areas of about 20 km2). Changes of the ice nucleation scheme from ice supersaturation-dependent parameterization to a recent approach of aerosol concentration and temperature-dependent parameterization modified the ice crystals concentrations but did not affect the total precipitation in the domain. Aerosol regeneration modified the concentration of cloud droplets at cloud base by dynamic recirculation of the aerosols but also had only a minor effect on precipitation. The major conclusion from this study is that the effect of mineral dust particles on clouds and total precipitation is limited by the properties of the atmospheric dynamics and the only effect of aerosol on precipitation may come from significant increase in the concentration of accumulation mode aerosols. In addition, the presence of mineral dust had a much smaller effect on the total precipitation than on its spatial distribution.
Quantification of structural uncertainty in climate data records from GPS radio occultation
Authors: Steiner A. K. , Hunt D. , Ho S.-P. , Kirchengast G. , Mannucci A. J. , Scherllin-Pirscher B. , Gleisner H. , von Engeln A. , Schmidt T. , Ao C. , Leroy S. S. , Kursinski E. R. , Foelsche U. , Gorbunov M. , Heise S. , Kuo Y.-H. , Lauritsen K. B. , Marquardt C. , Rocken C. , Schreiner W. , Sokolovskiy S. , Syndergaard S. , Wickert J.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) provides continuous observations of the Earth's atmosphere since 2001 with global coverage, all-weather capability, and high accuracy and vertical resolution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Precise time measurements enable long-term stability but careful processing is needed. Here we provide climate-oriented atmospheric scientists with multicenter-based results on the long-term stability of RO climatological fields for trend studies. We quantify the structural uncertainty of atmospheric trends estimated from the RO record, which arises from current processing schemes of six international RO processing centers, DMI Copenhagen, EUM Darmstadt, GFZ Potsdam, JPL Pasadena, UCAR Boulder, and WEGC Graz. Monthly-mean zonal-mean fields of bending angle, refractivity, dry pressure, dry geopotential height, and dry temperature from the CHAMP mission are compared for September 2001 to September 2008. We find that structural uncertainty is lowest in the tropics and mid-latitudes (50° S to 50° N) from 8 km to 25 km for all inspected RO variables. In this region, the structural uncertainty in trends over 7 yr is <0.03% f or bending angle, refractivity, and pressure, <3 m for geopotential height of pressure levels, and <0.06 K for temperature; low enough for detecting a climate change signal within about a decade. Larger structural uncertainty above about 25 km and at high latitudes is attributable to differences in the processing schemes, which undergo continuous improvements. Though current use of RO for reliable climate trend assessment is bound to 50° S to 50° N, our results show that quality, consistency, and reproducibility are favorable in the UTLS for the establishment of a climate benchmark record.
The pulsed nature of the nightside contribution to polar cap convection: repetitive substorm activity under steady interplanetary driving
Authors: Sandholt P. E. , Andalsvik Y. L. , Farrugia C. J.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. The aim of this study is to investigate the relative contributions of dayside and nightside processes to the spatial and temporal structure of polar cap plasma convection. The central parameter is the cross-polar cap potential (CPCP). Selecting a 10-h-long interval of stable interplanetary driving by an interplanetary CME (ICME), we are able to distinguish between the dayside and nightside sources of the convection. The event was initiated by an abrupt enhancement of the magnetopause (MP) reconnection rate triggered by a southward turning of the ICME magnetic field. This was followed by a long interval (10 h) of steady and strong driving. Under the latter condition a long series of electrojet intensifications was observed which recurred at 50 min intervals. The detailed temporal structure of polar cap convection in relation to polar cap contraction events is obtained by combining continuous ground observations of convection-related magnetic deflections (including polar cap magnetic indices in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, PCN and PCS) and the more direct, but lower-resolution ion drift data obtained from a satellite (DMSP F13) in polar orbit. The observed PCN enhancements combined with DMSP satellite observations (F13 and F15 data) of polar cap contractions during the evolution of selected substorm expansions allowed us to estimate the CPCP enhancements (25%) associated with individual events in the series. Ground-satellite conjunctions are further used to investigate the spatial structure of polar cap convection, i.e., the homogeneous plasma flow in the centre (Vi ≤ 1 km s−1) versus channels of enhanced antisunward flows (Vi ≥ 1 km s−1) along the periphery of the polar cap. We emphasise the temporal structure of these polar cap flow phenomena in relation to the prevailing solar wind forcing and the repetitive substorm activity.
Ocean acidification mediates photosynthetic response to UV radiation and temperature increase in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Li Y. , Gao K. , Villafañe V. E. , Helbling E. W.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is responsible for progressive ocean acidification, ocean warming as well as decreased thickness of upper mixing layer (UML), thus exposing phytoplankton cells not only to lower pH and higher temperatures but also to higher levels of solar UV radiation. In order to evaluate the combined effects of ocean acidification, UV radiation and temperature, we used the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a model organism and examined its physiological performance after grown under two CO2 concentrations (390 and 1000 μatm) for more than 20 generations. Compared to the ambient CO2 level (390 μatm), growth at the elevated CO2 concentration increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of cells and partially counteracted the harm to PS II (photosystem II) caused by UV-A and UV-B. Such an effect was less pronounced under increased temperature levels. The ratio of repair to UV-B induced damage decreased with increased NPQ, reflecting induction of NPQ when repair dropped behind the damage, and it was higher under the ocean acidification condition, showing that the increased pCO2 and lowered pH counteracted UV-B induced harm. As for photosynthetic carbon fixation rate which increased with increasing temperature from 15 to 25 °C, the elevated CO2 and temperature levels synergistically interacted to reduce the inhibition caused by UV-B and thus increase the carbon fixation.
Increasing cloudiness in Arctic damps the increase in phytoplankton primary production due to sea ice receding
Authors: Bélanger S. , Babin M. , Tremblay J.-E.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. The Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas are among the marine regions most affected by climate change. Here we present the results of a diagnostic model used to elucidate the main drivers of primary production (PP) trends over the 1998–2010 period at pan-Arctic and local (i.e. 9.28 km resolution) scales. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) above and below the sea surface was estimated using precomputed look-up tables of spectral irradiance and satellite-derived cloud optical thickness and cloud fraction parameters from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and sea ice concentration from passive microwaves data. A spectrally resolved PP model, designed for optically complex waters, was then used to produce maps of PP trends. Results show that incident PAR above the sea surface (PAR(0+)) has significantly decreased over the whole Arctic and sub-Arctic Seas, except over the perrennially sea ice covered waters of the Central Arctic Ocean. This fading of PAR(0+) (+8% decade–1) was caused by increasing cloudiness May and June. Meanwhile PAR penetrating the ocean (PAR(0–)) increased only along the sea ice margin over the large Arctic continental shelf where sea ice concentration declined sharply since 1998. Overall, PAR(0–) slightly increased in the Circum Arctic (+3.4% decade–1), while it decreased when considering both Arctic and sub-Arctic Seas (–3% decade–1). We showed that rising phytoplankton biomass (i.e. chlorophyll a) normalized by the diffuse attenuation of photosynthetically usable radiation (PUR) by phytoplankton accounted for a larger proportion of the rise in PP than did the increase in light availability due to sea-ice loss in several sectors and particularly in perrennially and seasonally open waters. Against a general backdrop of rising productivity over Arctic shelves, significant negative trends were observed in regions known for their great biological importance such as the coastal polynyas of Northern Greenland.
A new method to diagnose the contribution of anthropogenic activities to temperature: temperature tagging
Authors: Grewe V.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. This study presents a new methodology, called temperature tagging. It keeps track of the contributions of individual processes to temperature within a climate model simulation. As a first step and as a test bed a simple box climate model is regarded. The model consists of an atmosphere, which absorbs and emits radiation and of a surface, which reflects, absorbs and emits radiation. The tagging methodology is used to investigate the impact of the atmosphere on surface temperature. Four processes are investigated in more detail and their contribution to the surface temperature quantified: (i) shortwave influx and shortwave atmospheric absorption ("sw"), (ii) longwave atmospheric absorption due to non-CO2 greenhouse gases ("nC"), (iii) due to a base case CO2 concentration ("bC"), and (iv) due to an enhanced CO2 concentration ("eC"). The differential equation for the temperature in the box climate model is decomposed into four equations for the tagged temperatures. This method is applied to investigate the contribution of longwave absorption to the surface temperature (greenhouse effect), which is calculated to be 68 K. This estimate contrasts an alternative calculation of the greenhouse effect of slightly more than 30 K based on the difference of the surface temperature with and without an atmosphere. The difference of the two estimates is due to a shortwave cooling effect and a reduced contribution of the shortwave to the total downward flux: The shortwave absorption of the atmosphere results in a reduced net shortwave flux at the surface of 192 W m−2, leading to a cooling of the surface by 14 K. Introducing an atmosphere results in a downward longwave flux at the surface due to atmospheric absorption of 189 W m−2, which roughly equals the net shortwave flux of 192 W m−2. This longwave flux is a result of both, the radiation due to atmospheric temperatures and its longwave absorption. Hence the longwave absorption roughly accounts for 91 W m−2 out of a total of 381 W m−2 (roughly 25%) and therefore accounts for a temperature of 68 K. In a second experiment, the CO2 concentration is doubled, which leads to an increase in surface temperature of 1.2 K, resulting from an temperature increase due to CO2 of 1.9 K, due to non-CO2 greenhouse gases of 0.6 K and a cooling of 1.3 K due to a reduced importance of the solar heating for the surface and atmospheric temperatures. These two experiments show the feasibility of temperature tagging and its potential as a diagnostic for climate simulations.
Soil moisture controls on patterns of grass green-up in Inner Mongolia: an index based approach
Authors: Liu H. , Tian F. , Hu H. , Hu H. , Sivapalan M.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Water availability is one of the most important environmental controls on vegetation phenology, especially in semi-arid regions, and is often represented in terms of soil moisture in small-scale studies whereas it tends to be represented by precipitation in large-scale (e.g. regional) studies. Clearly, soil moisture is the more appropriate indicator for root water uptake and vegetation growth/phenology and therefore its potential advantage and applicability needs to be demonstrated at regional scales. This paper represents a data-based regional study of the effectiveness of alternative indices based on water and energy availability on space-time patterns of spring vegetation green-up onset dates estimated from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) datasets in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China. The macro-scale hydrological model, VIC, is employed to generate a soil moisture database across the region. In addition to standard index based on temperature, two potential hydrology based indices for prediction of spring onset dates are defined based on the simulated soil moisture data as well as on observed precipitation data. Results indicate that the correspondence between the NDVI-derived green-up onset date and the soil moisture derived potential onset date exhibits a significantly better correlation as a function of increasing aridity, compared to that based on precipitation. In this way the soil moisture based index is demonstrated to be superior to the precipitation based index in terms of capturing grassland spring phenology. The results also showed that both of the hydrological (water based) indices were superior to the thermal (temperature based) index in determining the patterns of grass green-up in the Inner Mongolia region, indicating water availability to be the dominant control, on average. The understanding about the relative controls on grassland phenology, and the effectiveness of alternative indices to capture these controls, are important for future studies and predictions of vegetation phenology change under climate change.
Thinning and slowdown of Greenland's Mittivakkat Gletscher
Authors: Mernild S. H. , Knudsen N. T. , Hoffman M. J. , Yde J. C. , Lipscomb W. H. , Hanna E. , Malmros J. K. , Fausto R. S.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Here, we document changes for the Mittivakkat Gletscher, the glacier in Greenland (disconnected to the Greenland Ice Sheet, GrIS) having the longest observed mass balance and surface velocity time series (since 1995). Between 1986 and 2011, this glacier decreased by 15% in mean ice thickness and 30% in volume. We attribute these changes to summer warming and less winter snowfall. The vertical strain was able to compensate about 60% of the elevation change due to surface mass balance (SMB) in the lower part, and about 25% in the upper part. The annual mean ice surface velocity decreased by 30%, likely as a dynamic effect of ice thinning. Mittivakkat Gletscher summer surface velocities were on average 50–60% above winter background values, and up to 160% higher during peak velocity events.
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis, An Aggressive Coagulase-Negative Pathogen not to be Underestimated
Authors: Ravaioli Stefano , Selan Laura , Visai Livia , Pirini Valter , Campoccia Davide , Maso Alessandra , Speziale Pietro , Montanaro Lucio , Arciola Carla Renata
Published: October 2012

The new emerging coagulase-negative pathogen Staphylococcus lugdunensis is responsible for severe cardiac and joint infections. Since the biochemical phenotypic systems designed for the identification of CoNS do not appear to be species specific and are hardly reliable for the discrimination of S. lugdunensis from other staphylococci, its precise identification requires fine molecular methods. The pathogenic mechanisms by which S. lugdunensis causes severe infections are not yet completely elucidated and in this review its virulence and toxic determinants are surveyed as well as its adhesins and biofilm production.
Contact-Killing of Adhering Streptococci by a Quaternary Ammonium Compound Incorporated in an Acrylic Resin
Authors: Mei Li , Ren Yijin , Loontjens Ton J.A. , Van Der Mei Henny C. , Busscher Henk J.
Published: October 2012

Purpose

Acrylates for bonding of joint prostheses and stainless-steel brackets in orthopedics and orthodontics are prone to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, respectively, leading to serious infectious complications. Here we describe the preparation of a contact-killing acrylic resin by incorporation of [3-(methacryloylamino)propyl] trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC).

Methods

Physicochemical properties of the acrylates with and without MAPTAC incorporated were determined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angles. The bond-strength of the acrylate with different percentages of MAPTAC was determined in a shear mode. The efficacy in contact-killing of the acrylate with MAPTAC incorporated with and without an adsorbed salivary coating was evaluated for various oral streptococcal strains. Cytotoxicity was tested against human skin fibroblasts.

Results

Acrylates with 16 wt% and 20 wt% incorporated MAPTAC showed strong contact-killing of various oral streptococcal strains up to challenge concentrations of 109 mL–1 within 15 min, with no elution of antimicrobial polymers. Contact-killing reduced after coating with a salivary conditioning film, but still remained significant up to a challenge concentration of 105 mL–1. No cytotoxicity of acrylate with incorporated MAPTAC was observed toward human skin fibroblasts. The bond strengths of stainless-steel brackets fixed to etched enamel through the resin (12 ± 3 MPa) decreased with increasing amounts MAPTAC to half of the original value when 20 wt% of MAPTAC was incorporated, which remained within a clinically acceptable range.

Conclusions

These results suggest that MAPTAC can be effectively incorporated in orthodontic resin to provide long-term bactericidal activity against oral bacteria, with potential application in orthopedics.
Initial in Vitro Bacterial Adhesion on Dental Restorative Materials
Authors: Kim Ha-Young , Yeo In-Sung , Lee Jai-Bong , Kim Sung-Hun , Kim Dae-Joon , Han Jung-Suk
Published: October 2012

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate initial bacterial adhesion on several restorative materials with similar roughness.

Materials and Methods

Sixty cylindrical slabs were prepared from four restorative materials: zirconia (Zr), alumina-toughened zirconia (Al-Zr), type III gold alloy (Au), and cp-titanium (Ti). All the materials were polished until a mirror-like shine was achieved. The average surface roughness and topography were determined by atomic force microscopy. Contact angles were measured to calculate surface free energy by the sessile drop technique. After the formation of a salivary pellicle, S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, and S. oralis were inoculated onto the specimens and incubated for 4 h. Quantification of the adherent bacteria was performed by crystal violet staining technique and resazurin reduction assay. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were adopted for statistical analysis. The level of significance was 0.05.

Results

The Ra values determined with atomic force microscopy for all specimens were lower than 5 nm. Surface free energy increased in the order of Al-Zr, Zr, Ti, and Au. Differences were significant between the investigated materials in both crystal violet absorbance and fluorescence intensities. Gold alloy showed the highest values for all bacterial strains (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Zirconia, alumina-toughened zirconia, and titanium may be more suitable than gold alloy as an abutment material with respect to the initial bacterial adhesion and subsequent advance of peri-implantitis.
The Liberal Arts in Anglophone Africa
Authors: Lilford Grant
Published: October 2012

Since the colonial period, higher education in eastern and southern Africa has been narrow and utilitarian, contributing to both unemployment and the skills shortage. The article explores older, more comprehensive indigenous models of higher education in Africa and cautions against allowing narrow economic and political concerns to dictate educational policy.
World History, Liberal Arts, and Global Citizenship
Authors: Watt Carey A.
Published: October 2012

This article investigates how world history can help recraft the liberal arts to better serve an interconnected, cosmopolitan, and “globalized” world in the twenty-first century. It argues that world history can help students, citizens, and educators transcend real and imagined boundaries to become more empathetic and insightful “global citizens.”
Folklore and the Liberal Arts
Authors: Brodie Ian
Published: October 2012

This article suggests how folklore not only can (and does) contribute to the liberal arts curriculum as traditionally conceived but also provides a theoretical framework for how the liberal arts can address and adapt to the shifting expectations of cultural literacy and global citizenship in a postcolonial, decentered world.
The J-School Debate: Is the Timing Finally Right for University Journalism Programs and the Rest of the University Community to Work Together?
Authors: Camp Michael
Published: October 2012

Liberal arts universities are under mounting pressure to maintain their position of relevance in an increasingly technological and economically competitive world, while professional journalism is steadily losing ground to social media. This essay argues that a new partnership between journalism schools and the academic community would be beneficial to both.
Composing a Good Strong Story: The Advantages of a Liberal Arts Environment for Experiencing and Exploring the Narrative Complexity of Human Life
Authors: Randall William
Published: October 2012

The narrative turn has opened up a conceptual space in which scholars can exchange ideas concerning the storied complexity of human life. This article argues that a liberal arts environment is uniquely equipped to foster such exchanges, explore the nature of narrative itself, and prepare students in developing strong stories.
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transfusion Is Safe and Improves Liver Function in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Patients
Authors: Shi Ming , Zhang Zheng , Xu Ruonan , Lin Hu , Fu Junliang , Zou Zhengsheng , Zhang Aimin , Shi Jianfei , Chen Liming , Lv Sa , He Weiping , Geng Hua , Jin Lei , Liu Zhenwen , Wang Fu-Sheng
Published: October 2012

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe, life-threatening complication, and new and efficient therapeutic strategies for liver failure are urgently needed. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transfusions have been shown to reverse fulminant hepatic failure in mice and to improve liver function in patients with end-stage liver diseases. We assessed the safety and initial efficacy of umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC) transfusions for ACLF patients associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A total of 43 ACLF patients were enrolled for this open-labeled and controlled study; 24 patients were treated with UC-MSCs, and 19 patients were treated with saline as controls. UC-MSC therapy was given three times at 4-week intervals. The liver function, adverse events, and survival rates were evaluated during the 48-week or 72-week follow-up period. No significant side effects were observed during the trial. The UC-MSC transfusions significantly increased the survival rates in ACLF patients; reduced the model for end-stage liver disease scores; increased serum albumin, cholinesterase, and prothrombin activity; and increased platelet counts. Serum total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly decreased after the UC-MSC transfusions. UC-MSC transfusions are safe in the clinic and may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for HBV-associated ACLF patients.
Moving “Choreomusically”: Between Theory and Practice
Authors: Jordan Stephanie
Published: October 2012

Since the late 20thcentury, we have witnessed the development of a new interdisciplinary field called ‘choreomusicology’ or ‘choreomusical studies’. In this article, consideration is first given to the histories of the two disciplines music and dance. Their respective lineages are discussed in terms of how each is different, yet how together, they inform the new field. The focus then is on choreomusical analysis, using examples from western theatre dance. Frameworks for analysis are discussed, first, how intermedia research can inform choreomusical theory, then rhythmic strategies, when a flexible concept of parallelism and counterpoint is illustrated through two Stravinsky settings: Pina Bausch’s –Das Frühlingsopfer(Rite of Spring, 1975) and Bronislava Nijinska’sLes Noces(1923). Following discussion of musical embodiment through dance, the theory of conceptual blending is outlined and used in analysis of the Lament from Mark Morris’s setting of Purcell’sDido and Aeneas(1989).
Atossa’s Dream Yoking Music and Dance, Antiquity and Modernity in Maurice Emmanuel’s Salamine (1929)
Authors: Dorf Samuel N.
Published: October 2012

This essay explores the conflicting trends of tradition and modernism, unity and independence in Parisian musical and dance culture in the late 1920s through an analysis of Maurice Emmanuel’s (1863-1938) aesthetics of contemporary and ancient Greek music and dance. It begins by outlining and critiquing Emmanuel’s relevant scholarly contributions to ancient Greek dance history and music history before demonstrating how these tensions manifested in the 1929 production of Emmanuel’s opera Salamine based on Aeschylus’s The Persians. Exploring Emmanuel’s aesthetics of music and dance (ancient and modern) affords a unique opportunity to see how these creative media were theorized and practiced in the tumultuous years after the Ballets russes, while illustrating some of the conflicts between what Léandre Vaillat termed “the academic and the eurhythmic” in dance and music.
Le ballet américain au Metropolitan Opera: The Dance in Place Congo de Henry F. Gilbert
Authors: Guzski Carolyn , Donini Violetta
Published: October 2012

La création de Dance in Place Congo (1918) du compositeur américain Henry F. Gilbert par la compagnie de danse en résidence et l’orchestre du Metropolitan Opera a été la première production sur un thème africano-américain à être présentée dans l’enceinte du Metropolitan Opera. Il s’agit aussi de la toute première prestation de musiques vernaculaires noires et de la première présence d’artistes de couleur sur la scène légendaire du Met. Le résultat, cependant, est davantage un reflet des rivalités entre compositeur, chorégraphe et gestionnaires, et d’un choc de visions artistiques en réponse à une esthétique moderniste émergente en musique, danse et scénographie.
Le Train bleu : déraillement stylistique entre danse et musique ?
Authors: Harbec Jacinthe
Published: October 2012

Sous-titré « opérette dansée », le balletLe Train bleu, élaboré à partir du livret de Jean Cocteau, de la musique de Darius Milhaud et de la chorégraphie de Bronislava Nijinska, est une parodie burlesque de la nouvelle société moderne des années 1920, axée sur l’hédonisme. Au lendemain de la création du 20 juin 1924, les critiques, tout en applaudissant les idées novatrices présentées dans l’argument, signalent une incohérence esthétique au sein de la production. Il est alors à se demander si la thématique de la modernité traitée sous l’angle de la frivolité poussée à son paroxysme a pu provoquer un déraillement stylistique entre le livret avant-gardiste, la musique passéiste à la Offenbach et la danse fondée essentiellement sur la pantomime. Avant de nous pencher sur cette problématique, nous examinerons brièvement les divers constituants artistiques du ballet, pour ensuite jeter un regard stylistique et formel sur la composition. Par la suite, nous aborderons la question d’indépendance entre la musique, le texte et la danse, nous menant finalement à discuter de la disparité stylistique et cinétique qui se crée entre la musique et la danse.
Francis Poulenc et la danse
Authors: Lacombe Hervé
Published: October 2012

La danse constitue un axe important de la production de Poulenc et un modèle essentiel de son style, axe qu’il convient d’examiner globalement. Les références explicites (dans les titres) ou implicites aux danses irriguent toute son oeuvre, en dehors même des ballets, et contribuent à créer un imaginaire de la danse, lié à ses lectures et à ses souvenirs. Les danses populaires urbaines et les danses anciennes s’inscrivent logiquement dans l’esthétique néoclassique et permettent la constitution d’un « folklore personnel ». Le cas exemplaire des Biches, partition composée pour les Ballets russes de Diaghilev, permet à Poulenc de déployer sa propre poétique fondée sur une relation étroite nouant musique, danse et programme intime.
Discours sur la danse dans La Revue musicale : autour de Serge Lifar
Authors: Lavoie Marie-Noëlle
Published: October 2012

Dans la France de l’entre-deux-guerres, la scène chorégraphique parisienne est le lieu de profondes mutations. Durant les années 1920, les Ballets russes de Serge Diaghilev s’essoufflent et de nouvelles troupes, notamment celles des Ballets suédois, rivalisent d’audace et bousculent les rapports entre danse et musique. Puis, les années 1930 voient l’ascension de Serge Lifar, jeune danseur d’origine ukrainienne qui prend la tête de l’Opéra de Paris et conquiert la critique ainsi que le public parisien. Cet article examine le discours sur la danse au sein de La Revue musicale et plus particulièrement le débat que suscite la démarche de Lifar. Plus important périodique musical francophone de l’époque, La Revue musicale a fait la part belle aux disciplines artistiques relatives à l’art des sons et tout particulièrement à la danse. Sont ici examinés la place prépondérante occupée par la danse au sein de cet influent mensuel, l’accueil réservé aux créations de Lifar, ainsi que les idées débattues autour des rapports entre musique et danse.
Music-Dance (and Design) Relations in Ballet Productions of Ravel’s Daphnis et Chloé
Authors: Mawer Deborah
Published: October 2012

This article investigates music−dance (and design) interplay and balletic challenges in Daphnis et Chloé, focusing upon the Ravel−Ashton−Craxton production for The Royal Ballet (1951, revived in 2004), in comparison with the Ravel−Fokine−Bakst original of 1912. Sources drawn upon include accessible choreographic materials of Frederick Ashton (1904−88), held at the Royal Opera House Archives in London, as well as first-hand correspondence with the designer John Craxton (1922−2009). In order to explore the main music−dance relationships and emergent meanings, the study engages with multimedia ideas founded upon “consonance” and “dissonance” (Albright 2000), supported by music analytical (Cook 2001; 1998) and conceptual blending approaches (Fauconnier and Turner 2002). Particular moments from the ballet are selected for interpretation and, moving beyond rather over-simplified oppositions of unity versus independence or consonance versus dissonance, a case is made for complexes, transformation, and plurality.
A Perfect Accord: Music and Gesture in Francis Poulenc’s Les Biches
Authors: Moore Christopher
Published: October 2012

The critical reception surrounding the ballet Les Biches (1924) reveals that the work’s initial success was largely attributable to the aesthetic synergies that unified the musical and gestural components of the work. Indebted to musical and visual themes derived from high-society fashion, and receptive to the aesthetic lure of contemporaneous (and specifically Stravinskian) neoclassical experiments, Francis Poulenc’s music and Bronislava Nijinska’s choreography display complementary approaches towards the artistic juxtaposition of past and present. This article draws on the reception of both the Monte Carlo and Parisian premieres of this Ballet russes production and emphasizes how Les Biches constituted a landmark achievement in Poulenc’s musical development and early career.