bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Illustrating psychometric tests, scales, and constructs: An R package for Item Pool Visualization
Authors: Petras Nils , Dantlgraber Michael , Reips Ulf-Dietrich
Published: February 2023

Researchers assessing psychological constructs have to understand and choose between several competing measures. Item Pool Visualization (IPV, Dantlgraber et al., 2019) was developed to offer a systematic and detailed portrayal of the actual content and internal balance of competing measures. To enable the use of IPV, we developed and present here the R package. Its aim is to allow researchers to add IPV to their repertoire with minimal effort. Creating IPV charts from raw data requires two simple function calls, because the package streamlines model specification, model estimation, and chart creation. It improves IPV conceptually by introducing the aggregate center distance and the item overview chart. It provides many customization options and generates high-quality, vector-based PDF output. The workflow of the package is explained using a reproducible open data example from a personality assessment.
Medical Ozone Effect on Ovary Damage in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Z. Al-Rumaidh Shaymaa , F Hasan Bushra
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Medical Ozone(MO) in combination with insulin on reproductive hormones and histopathological changes in ovaries of rats with diabetes mellitus (DM). forty eight adult female rats were randomly divided into the following six groups (n = 8): control (A), MO (B), diabetic (C), MOtreated diabetic (E), Insulin-treated diabetic ) E), and MO, Insulin-treated diabetic (F). DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal (ip) Alloxan injection (150 mg/kg ( .after six weeks of treatment Blood sample were collected to estimate biochemical parameters glucose, serum hormones. Also, ovary samples were obtained for histological examination in diabetic untreated rats the results showed hyperglycaemia, and significant decrease in hormones profiles. While ,MO and Insulin treated rats reported an amelioration of the most toxic effect of alloxan and returned most of these parameters nearly normal. Microscopically ovaries showed definite, degeneration in the diabetic group while when use of MO and Insulin treatment in this study showed significant improves of such histological changes when compared to diabetic untreated rats. Conclusion: it was recommended that the use of the Medical Ozone with Insulin as a supplementary agent to reduce oxidative stress damage of hyperglycaemia and recommended to use variable doses and different periods of treatment to evaluate the best dose and period
El sufrimiento del pueblo morisco en el siglo XVI, la decisión de expulsarlo definitivamente en 1609
Authors: Al Kirwy Muntasir Midhat Toama
Published: February 2023

Through this research we have briefly shed light on the historical events that caused the suffering of the Moorish Andalusian people, beginning with the events that forced the last king of Bani al-Ahmar, Abu Abdullah al-Saghir, to make the decision to hand over the city of Granada to the Catholic Monarchs Fernando and Isabel in 1492 AD. Going through the most important events that followed, including the establishment of the Inquisition, which committed the most heinous massacres against the Moors and forced them to convert to Christianity, after which the people of Granada and the surrounding area declared themselves in revolution and rebellion. He highlighted the name of the leader, Ibn Humaya, who was able to liberate several towns and plans to restore Granada, but in the end all these revolutions failed for various reasons. In the end, the Spanish authorities, headed by King Felipe III, made the decision in 1909 to definitively expel the Moriscos from Spain. Thus ended the Islamic presence in Spain
Intellectual Directions of the Frankfurt School of Criticism
Authors: Mahdi Abeer Sham
Published: February 2023

The Frankfurt School of Criticism is a school with a critical tendency that was established in the thirties of the twentieth century and reached its climax in the year 1968, it was named after the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt as its center. This school was distinguished by the multiplicity of its intellectual directions, which, despite their differences, agreed on their criticism of the totalitarian industrial society and the various contradictions it produced.
Dialogue Ethics: A Philosophical View
Authors: Abdullah Attia M.D. Amal
Published: February 2023

Human dialogue is an important means of building human civilization, because of its role in consolidating values and ideas and what it represents of a state of communication between people. Accordingly, adherence to the ethics of dialogue constitutes an advanced and effective case in building civilization and people by promoting the spirit of tolerance and understanding among all segments of society. Human dialogue is a necessity whose importance does not depend on life matters, but rather its necessity extends to include all areas of life, so we find that even at the height of conflict and conflict that may occur between the parties, in the end the parties tend to find the language of dialogue as a solution to the conflict, in addition to that dialogue It is important in being a way to get to know the human being. Dialogue is the best way to get to know the other and know his truth .
The Function of Symbolism in Ernest J. Gaines’s ‘A Lesson Before Dying
Authors: Abdul Jabbar Zaynab Layth
Published: February 2023

Although Ernest J. Gaines’s A Lesson Before Dying writes with meticulous realism, he uses significant symbols as to enhance its theme. The present paper examines the importance and the indication of such symbols especially those represented by Jefferson and Paul, and how they help convey the message of the work, which is considered by many Gaines’s masterpiece. From a dehumanized, “hog” to a “Christ-figure”, Gaines was able to deconstruct the myth of the white supremacy and reconstruct the black hero. He also uses other symbols that are important as to the development of its protagonist-narrator, Grant Wiggins.
Resentment in John Osborne's Look Back in Anger
Authors: Saddam Dr.Sahira Mezher
Published: February 2023

Resentment is a personal and social phenomenon illustrated widely in John Osborne's masterpiece, Look Back in Anger. The central idea of Osborne's illustration of this phenomenon is to present the dissatisfaction of the English individual with the political, economic and the religious situation of the time. The study deals with the term, resentment and how it is presented through the major characters so as to concentrate on the main issues discussed in the play. The study consists of three sections and a conclusion. The first section introduces the term, resentment. It investigates its origin and definition with the intention of presenting a vivid picture of the term in particular and the events of the play in general. The second section is mainly concerned with John Osborne as a member of The Young Angry Men and his life which have a great impact on his literary career. Young Angry Men is a group of British playwrights who appeared during the 1950s and 1960s. This section also presents the playwrights' ideas of the current circumstances of the period that are presented in their dramatic works. The third section discusses resentment as a personal and social phenomenon in Osborne's Look Back in Anger. It shows how resentment is employed through the major characters of the play, especially Jimmy Porter over the society and the formal institutions in the play after being left wrecked and desolate in the period following the World War II. Finally, the conclusion sums up the results inferred from the investigation of resentment in the study.
Using on Green Activities Based Costs to Measure Costs and Improve Management Decisions
Authors: Abd-Allah Hanan Suhbat , Rady Abd Alkadm Mohammed
Published: February 2023

To move towards sustainability companies introduce “green initiatives” – ways of doing business that have fewer negative consequences for the Earth’s resources, create new products and manufacturing processes that use recycled materials to reduce the amount of waste going to landfills, and also recognize the need to be socially responsible With regard to production processes, companies face pressure to become (green) or more environmentally friendly, so they had to review their production processes as a result of pressure from society and governments, and awareness of the natural environment was reflected in creativity and environmental awareness in products offered to consumers in recent years, and manufacturing is considered Green is a relatively new concept that can be considered as one of the products of the nineties. The method of green activity based costing is one of the modern management accounting techniques and one of the green accounting tools that work to define green activities in the company and determine the appropriate costs for each activity according to the consumption of each activity, and then determine the costs of products based on appropriate cost drivers, costing based on green activities helps identify and analyze activities into value-adding and non-value-adding. Adding value, which helps management in excluding non-value-adding activities, as well as helping to provide appropriate information to decision makers to help determine the optimal combination of product mix that achieves the highest profits.
Calidad de vida en adultos mayores con enfermedades crónico degenerativas
Authors: Carranza Prado Luis Daniel , González-Villegas Graciela , Picazo-Carranza Alma Rosa , De Jesús Ruiz- Ma. Recéndiz , González-Villegas Ana Lilia , Lozano-Zúñiga María Magdalena
Published: February 2023

Calidad de vida (CV) concepto de amplio alcance que está integrado de forma compleja por la salud física, estado fisiológico, nivel de independencia, relaciones sociales y la relación con su entorno.” (OMS, 2002) y Adulto Mayor (AM): es la persona de 60 años o más de edad según la NOM-031-SSA3-2012. Objetivo: Describir la calidad de vida en adultos mayores con enfermedades crónico-degenerativas. Material y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, muestra no probabilística a conveniencia de 300 AM de Michoacán, se utilizó Escala de Convivencia con Proceso Crónico (EC-PC) de Liere Ambrosio (2017), con 26 ítems, divididos en cinco dominios. Resultados: sexo femenino 40%(120); 50.6%(152) edad 65-71 años, 39%(117) casados, sobre CV 16.7%(5) baja adaptación; 73.3%(22) alta aceptación en CV asociada a enfermedades crónico-degenerativas en CV 22.7(68) baja CV y 77.3%(232) alta CV. Discusión: los resultados de este estudio, fueron contrarios a lo reportado por Jiménez, Casado, Santos, Jiménez y Hernández (2019) mostraron que la CV fué percibida como deficiente a expensas de la satisfacción con su salud en la mayoria de AM. Conclusión: La convivencia con un proceso crónico es complejo, requiere atención integral, centrada en la persona y enfermería un tiene un papel clave para cuidar al AM.
Urgencias dermatológicas. Revisión clínica de: eritrodermia exfoliativa y del síndrome de stevens-johnson
Authors: García Arellano Dra. Alida Alexandra , Mateo Terán Dra. Ninoska Kimberlin , Granda Velez Dra. María Dolores , Valencia Quintanilla Dra. Alexandra Pamela , Aguabi Cejido Dra. Silvia Alejandra
Published: February 2023

Las urgencias dermatológicas son poco frecuentes, pero refiere a manifestaciones clínicas cutáneas que deben ser atendidas de forma inmediata. Existen pocas patologías que pueden considerarse como urgencias dentro de esta rama, pero en este artículo se describirán dos patologías dermatológicas de interés; la Eritrodermia exfoliativa y el Síndrome de Stevens Johnson, se tratarán los temas como; etología, manifestaciones clínicas, y sus tratamientos.

La eritrodermia exfoliativa es una patología poco frecuente por lo que existe escasa literatura sobre este tema. Es una reacción cutánea que produce eritema en aproximadamente más del 70% de la piel. Se acompaña de descamación, prurito, exfoliación de la piel, y alopecia. La eritrodermia exfoliativa aparece como una inflamación generalizada secundaria a dermatosis crónicas.

El Síndrome de Stevens Johnsons y la necrólisis epidérmica tóxica tienen una alta tasa de mortalidad, generalmente son el resultado de interacciones medicamentosas adversas cuyas manifestaciones clínicas afectan la piel y mucosas, es importante investigar cual fue el fármaco que desencadenó dicho síndrome y retirar el agente causal e iniciar terapias de apoyo.
Propuesta de implementación de las 3R en residuos sólidos como aportador al desarrollo regional.Caso de estudio Ixtlán, Michoacán, México
Authors: Fonseca Lucas Víctor Manuel , Barrera Valdivia Ismael
Published: February 2023

Es imprescindible la búsqueda del desarrollo regional, con la finalidad de obtener un incremento en la calidad de vida en las localidades, para lograr lo anterior existen diversas aristas a ser analizadas ya que cada región tiene sus problemáticas y características a ser atendidas que las diferencia de las demás. La presente investigación, se planteó como objetivo el proponer una alternativa basada en las tres erres (reducir, reutilizar y reciclar) a ser aplicada en materia de los residuos sólidos generados dentro de la población que permita lograr un aporte en la búsqueda de este desarrollo regional. El caso de estudio se llevó a cabo en la comunidad de Ixtlán, Michoacán, México. Como metodología empleada se realizó trabajo de campo utilizando encuestas y entrevistas a la población. A su vez se realizó dialéctica crítica y pensamiento hipotético deductivo. Como resultado se evidenció la falta de conocimiento de la comunidad en materia legislativa y la oportunidad de poder implementar alternativas sostenibles como las tres erres que aporten a mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes de la comunidad obteniendo beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales.
Desarrollo del pensamiento geométrico a través de una secuencia didáctica apoyada con el uso de la herramienta GeoGebra
Authors: Collazos Delgado Ana Alexandra , González Rincón Yaider Mauricio , María Nelva Monroy Fonseca María Nelva Monroy Fonseca
Published: February 2023

El artículo da cuenta del diseño de una secuencia didáctica mediada por el software GeoGebra para fortalecer el desarrollo del pensamiento geométrico en estudiantes de cuarto grado. Se creó y analizó una prueba diagnóstica a través de los niveles de pensamiento geométrico propuestos por Van Hiele, luego, se categorizaron diferentes investigaciones, para analizar sus resultados en el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas en el aula al enseñar geometría; por último, se diseñó una secuencia didáctica por medio del software GeoGebra, para tratar temas como: los elementos de la geometría euclidiana, la descripción y representación de objetos bidimensionales tales como; polígonos y ángulos, y las relaciones y definiciones entre sus elementos. La metodología utilizada para el desarrollo de la investigación se presentó bajo un enfoque mixto, enmarcado en el método investigación acción (Sandoval, 2002). De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos se concluyó, que el uso de las TIC en la enseñanza de las matemáticas puede ayudar a mejorar aspectos actitudinales, y motivacionales, cambiando la percepción hacia las clases, obteniendo buenos resultados académicos y promoviendo el  desarrollo del pensamiento geométrico; además, el uso del software GeoGebra es una herramienta con grandes características que puede ser utilizada desde los niveles iniciales de la educación, siempre y cuando exista una adecuada apropiación de esta herramienta por parte del docente.
Optical design and fabrication of zinc selenide microlens array with extended depth of focus for biomedical imaging
Authors: Khatri Neha , Berwal Sonam , Manjunath K , Singh Bharpoor
Published: February 2023

Optical coherence tomography is a well-known technique for the optical imaging biological tissues. However, the depth scanning range of high-resolution optical coherence tomography is restricted by its depth of focus. In this study, a Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) Microlens Array (MLA) is employed to overcome the depth-of-focus limitation of optical coherence tomography. The ZnSe material with a low Abbe number and high chromatic dispersion extends the depth of focus with transverse resolution. The ZnSe MLA focused the incident light (from visible to near-infrared (NIR) region) on multiple focal planes with the uniform distribution of light over a biological tissue. The MLA is designed using Zemax OpticStudio software and fabricated via a single-point diamond-turning based on Slow Tool Servo (STS) configuration. STS machining has the unique advantage of offering larger degrees of freedom with no additional baggage, thereby reducing the setup time. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the STS machining process in fabricating ZnSe MLA with desired accuracies. The characterization of fabricated MLA using Coherence Correlation Interferometry (CCI) depicts uniform lenslets with no structural and positional distortion, with a total error of 32 nm within the tolerance limit.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AMONG CHILDREN STUDYING IN VERNACULAR MEDIUM SCHOOLS IN GUJARAT
Authors: Burra Rahul Gandhi , Bhati Parul Kumari
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the paper is to examine if gender is playing any role in the personality development of a child studying in a vernacular medium school. The authors collected the data from children studying in 6th, 7th and 8th classes at 10 vernacular medium i.e., Gujarati medium schools in Gandhinagar district of Gujarat. From each class, 20 students i.e., 60 students per school were randomly requested to fill in the core-self evaluation questionnaire. A total of 600 responses were collected. The impact of gender on personality development was tested using ANOVA (Analysis of variance). The findings show that gender differences do not exist in terms of personality development among school children studying in vernacular medium. The findings of this paper are in complete consonance with the numerous studies highlighting the little or no gender differences in personality development in children.
STRUCTURAL MODEL OF THE SYSTEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF IT-DISCIPLINE TEACHERS ON THE BASIS OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
Authors: Omirbayev Serik , Mukhatayev Aidos , Biloshchytskyi Andrii , Toxanov Sapar , Faizullin Adil , Biloshchytska Svitlana
Published: February 2023

The article considers the creation of structural model for the system of development of methodological competence of IT-discipline teachers based on continuing education with the description of the structure of microservices subsystems. To implement the proposed conceptual model the paper proposes a software architecture based on the use of classical service-oriented design pattern "Model-View Separation" (separation of model objects from the graphical interface objects with the user) and provides for interaction with the database, the composition of its main packages is detailed. Logical and physical service-oriented models of basic classes of objects of subject area and auxiliary objects (services) have been developed. The article also proposes a relational database structure based on the use of metadata tables, directories, and operational data in a relational database management system environment. Methods and mechanisms for data protection and replication are proposed and justified, considering the specifics of system operation in higher education institutions. The article aims to develop insurgents and mechanisms of creation of information technology improvement of the system of higher education and creation and operation of integrated flexible software tools to support the mixed system of organization of educational process, as well as increasing the effectiveness of the introduction of a mixed system for the organization of the educational process on the basis of the use of the latest technical means of training and documentation, ensuring free access of students to teaching and methodological resources, сontent and criteria for the assessment of knowledge in disciplines and modules, data recording, and partial compensation for the increased workload of teachers and staff through the automation of assessment, registration and assessment processes. A task-oriented model for managing technical problems in the implementation of the information system for the development of teachers' methodological competence is also proposed, and a conceptual framework for managing these problems has been developed from the perspective of considering projects as a set of objects and subjects. Technical problems in projects are shown to be obstacles to moving in the right direction, created by random events, uncertainties, and changes. A mathematical model of the change in resistance value caused by technical problems has been developed and methods to counteract these problems have been proposed.
Structural optimization study based on crushing of semi-rigid base
Authors: Yu Liting , Wang Lenan , Pei Jianzhong , Li Rui , Zhang Jiupeng , Cheng Shihui
Published: February 2023

Semi-rigid base materials are used in all pavement grades and are shown to have excellent stability. Furthermore, semi-rigid bases are known for their stiffness and strong frost resistance. However, these semi-rigid base materials are starting to require significant levels of maintenance and repair due to wear and tear. Maintenance is performed primarily to add pavement and resurfacing material, with the hope that the resurfacing layer can withstand large tensile and shear forces at the cracks of the base, thus increasing the overall durability of the pavement. Furthermore, crushing technology used for cement panel maintenance can be used to eliminate cracks in the overlay layer thus improving overall service life expectancy. The studies below study the application of crushing technology to a semi-rigid base and the subsequent alternation to the structural design of the pavement. Furthermore, the mechanical index sensitivities of pavement structures post-rubblization were analyzed using finite elements. Mechanical indexes with high sensitivity were subsequently adopted as structural damage control indexes. These indexes were used to optimize overlay structure and provide a reference for structural design post-rubblization.
Numerical algorithms for solutions of nonlinear problems in some distance spaces
Authors: Ahmad Junaid , Ullah Kifayat , George Reny
Published: February 2023

This paper introduces some numerical algorithms for finding solutions of nonlinear problems like functional equations, split feasibility problems (SFPs) and variational inequality problems (VIPs) in the setting of Hilbert and Banach spaces. Our approach is based on the Thakur-Thakur-Postolache (TTP) iterative algorithm and the class of mean nonexpansive mappings. First we provide some convergence results (including weak and strong convergence) in the setting of Banach space. To support these results, we provide a numerical example and prove that our TTP algorithm in this case converges faster to fixed point compared to other iterative algorithms of the literature. After that, we consider two new TTP type projection iterative algorithms to solve SFPs and VIPs on the Hilbert space setting. Our result are new in analysis and suggest new type effective numerical algorithms for finding approximate solutions of some nonlinear problems.
Sign-changing solutions of critical quasilinear Kirchhoff-Schrödinger-Poisson system with logarithmic nonlinearity
Authors: Jian Hui , Feng Shenghao , Wang Li
Published: February 2023

In the present paper, we study the following Kirchhoff-Schrödinger-Poisson system with logarithmic and critical nonlinearity:

   \begin{document}$ \begin{align} \begin{array}{ll} \left \{ \begin{array}{ll} - \Bigr(a+b\int_\Omega|\nabla u|^2{\mathrm{d}}x \Bigr)\Delta u+V(x)u-\frac{1}{2}u\Delta (u^2)+\phi u = \lambda |u|^{q-2}u\ln|u|^2+|u|^4u, &x\in \Omega, \\ -\Delta \phi = u^2,& x\in \Omega, \\ u = \phi = 0,& x\in \partial\Omega, \end{array} \right . \end{array} \end{align} $\end{document}

where $ \lambda, b > 0, a > \frac{1}{4}, 4 < q < 6, $ $ V(x) $ is a smooth potential function and $ \Omega $ is a bounded domain in $ \mathbb{R}^3 $ with Lipschitz boundary. Combining constraint variational method and perturbation method, we prove that the above problem has a least energy sign-changing solution $ u_0 $ which has precisely two nodal domains. Moreover, we show that the energy of $ u_0 $ is strictly larger than twice the ground state energy.
Coronavirus dynamics, infections and preventive interventions using fractional-calculus analysis
Authors: Boulaaras Salah , Rehman Ziad Ur , Abdullah Farah Aini , Jan Rashid , Abdalla Mohamed , Jan Asif
Published: February 2023

In this research work, we construct an epidemic model to understand COVID-19 transmission vaccination and therapy considerations. The model's equilibria were examined, and the reproduction parameter was calculated via a next-generation matrix method, symbolized by $ \mathcal{R}_0 $. We have shown that the infection-free steady state of our system is locally asymptotically stable for $ \mathcal{R}_0 < 1 $. Also, the local asymptotic stability of the endemic steady state has been established for $ \mathcal{R}_0 > 1 $. We have used a partial rank correlation coefficient method for sensitivity analysis of the threshold parameter $ \mathcal{R}_0 $. The contribution of vaccination to the threshold parameter is explored through graphical results. In addition to this, the uniqueness and existence of the solution to the postulated model of COVID-19 infection is shown. We ran various simulations of the proposed COVID-19 dynamics with varied input parameters to scrutinize the complex dynamics of COVID-19 infection. We illustrated the variation in the dynamical behavior of the system with different values of the input parameters. The key factors of the system are visualized for the public health officials for the control of the infection.
Can the digital economy improve green total factor productivity? An empirical study based on Chinese urban data
Authors: Liu Yue , Ma Chunying , Huang Zhehao
Published: February 2023

With the new generation of technological revolution, the digital economy has progressively become a key driver of global economic development. In this context, how to promote green economic growth and improve green total factor productivity (GTFP) with the help of the digital economy is an important issue that urgently needs empirical research. We adopted the panel data of 278 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2020 to test whether the digital economy improves the GTFP through the Gaussian Mixed Model (GMM) dynamic panel model. The moderating effect model has been used to explore the impact mechanism from the perspectives of industrial structure upgrade and environmental regulation. In addition, a grouping regression was applied to the sample cities to test the heterogeneous impact of the digital economy on the GTFP. Based upon the empirical findings, this work has the following conclusions. First, the digital economy plays a significant role in improving the GTFP. Second, an industrial structure upgrade has a positive moderating effect on the ability of the digital economy to enhance the GTFP. The environmental regulation, in contrast, has a negative moderating effect. Third, the digital economy exerts heterogeneous impacts on the GTFP across regions, but not at the city level.
Sidi Jdidi III
Authors: Ben Abed-ben Kheder Aïcha , Fixot Michel , Helfer-Lebert Lucas
Published: February 2023

Cet ouvrage complète les deux volumes qui rendaient compte des fouilles intervenues entre 1991 et 2006 à Sidi Jdidi, l’ancienne Aradi. Ils traitaient respectivement d’une basilique chrétienne et du groupe épiscopal étudiés dans leur contexte. Le troisième volume concerne le matériel numismatique issu des deux sites, soit 938 monnaies. À partir des identifications dues à Cl. Brenot, elles ont été rapportées à la stratigraphie et livrent un échantillon de la circulation monétaire dans le cadre des lieux de culte et de leurs dépendances dans une petite cité africaine entre Ve et VIIe s.
Les données sont confrontées aux interprétations avancées dans les volumes précédents et dans celui de T. Mukaï qui traitait du matériel céramique du groupe épiscopal. Elles les confirment et montrent qu’au cours de l’ensemble de la période, les échanges quotidiens reposent de façon minoritaire sur des frappes de la seconde moitié du IVe s. tandis que la part essentielle revient aux imitations de ces mêmes espèces, sans renouvellement notable du stock. Quelques unités apportent des précisions sur les datations, occasion d’un retour sur l’histoire de cette partie de la cité, voire de la cité elle-même.
Gouverner les corps sexués
Authors: Larrieu Gaëlle
Published: February 2023

Cet article porte sur la façon dont différentes institutions (la médecine, la famille, l’État) gouvernent les corps des enfants présentant des variations du développement sexuel. Dans la continuité des travaux sur la gouvernementalité et le gouvernement des corps, les corps sexués sont appréhendés comme lieu de l’exercice du pouvoir par la régulation, la surveillance et le contrôle dont ils font l’objet. Les questions du consentement et d’autocontrainte individualisée, devenues centrales dans les pratiques de gouvernement des corps, sont absentes des modes de gouvernement contemporain des variations du développement sexuel des enfants. L’article montre comment la médecine exerce une contrainte externe forte sur les corps des enfants présentant des variations du développement sexuel, et comment les parents occupent une place intermédiaire, à la fois dominés par l’institution médicale, mais dominants vis-à-vis de leur enfant qu’ils représentent et à la place de qui ils décident.
Diagnostic misogyne ou émancipateur ?
Authors: Garrec Ivan
Published: February 2023

À partir de l’exemple du diagnostic « trouble de la personnalité borderline », cet article interroge les conditions qui rendent possible la constitution d’un pouvoir sur son propre destin social à partir de l’appropriation de savoirs « psys ». Après avoir succinctement décrit le contexte d’appropriation socialement situé de ce diagnostic, notamment en termes de genre, de classe sociale, d’âge, ainsi que de type d’insertion dans un maillage institutionnel, l’article déplie, à partir de 31 entretiens biographiques, les différents modes d’appropriation du diagnostic. Le pouvoir fondé par l’appropriation de ce diagnostic repose sur sa constitution en une triple ressource : pouvoir de rendre compte des difficultés vécues (ressource cognitive), de se légitimer (ressource symbolique), et d’accéder à des soins jugés bénéfiques (ressource matérielle). Il se retrouve particulièrement dans un premier mode, caractérisé par une appropriation complète du diagnostic et un engagement dans le champ de la santé mentale. Dans l’appropriation complète, les individus luttent pour faire reconnaître la légitimité du diagnostic, faire évoluer les interventions psychiatriques et psychothérapeutiques et les représentations associées aux troubles psychiques. Un second mode correspond à une appropriation négative, marquée par le rejet du diagnostic et articulée à un engagement féministe et antipsychiatrique. Entre ces deux pôles se déploie un éventail d’appropriations ambivalentes, qui ne permet ni la constitution d’un pouvoir, ni l’articulation entre appropriation et engagement. En conclusion, cet article appelle à approfondir l’analyse de la pluralité des modes d’appropriation des savoirs « psys ». Il met ainsi au jour les variations d’appropriation et les ambivalences des individus étiquetés, face à une culture psychologique trop souvent homogénéisée sous le vocable de » psychologisation ».
« C’est pour le bébé ». Moralisation des femmes, individualisation de la responsabilité et disparités de classe dans le travail de soins pendant la grossesse
Authors: Boulet Elsa
Published: February 2023

À partir d’une enquête de terrain réalisée en Île-de-France entre 2014 et 2017, cet article interroge les limites du gouvernement des corps et des conduites autour de la grossesse, au double sens des contours de ce gouvernement et des tensions à l’œuvre. La sanitarisation des grossesses est abordée à partir du travail sur lequel elle repose : le travail des professionnel·les qui consiste à influencer et surveiller le comportement des patientes, et le travail des femmes enceintes engagées dans une production domestique de soins. L’encadrement des grossesses n’est pas une application impartiale de connaissances biologiques ou médicales : il s’agit de contrôler les femmes et d’orienter leurs comportements selon une norme de la « bonne maternité ». Cette norme articule l’institution du fœtus comme personne et sujet des soins, la prédominance du risque, et l’injonction au dévouement maternel. Elle n’est pas qu’un discours, mais elle est ancrée dans l’organisation concrète du parcours de soin et dans les pratiques routinières des professionnel·les. La modification du mode de vie apparaît comme le critère d’évaluation de la valeur maternelle. L’individualisation de la responsabilité sanitaire occulte le poids des rapports de genre et de classe. La préservation de la santé apparaît comme une prérogative féminine ce qui reconduit une division inégalitaire des tâches et des responsabilités au sein des couples de sexe différent. De plus, la position sociale détermine des conditions de vie, de travail, et des ressources disponibles qui ont un effet sur la santé et qui délimitent ce qui est possible ou pas en matière de modification de la vie quotidienne. La position sociale va également de pair avec une appréhension située de la santé et de la responsabilité maternelle.
The enteric microbiome stimulates localized interferon responses and provides preemptive antiviral protection of intestinal epithelial cells through IFNLR1 signaling
Authors: Van Winkle Jacob , Peterson Stefan , Kennedy Elizabeth , Wheadon Michael , Ingle Harshad , Desai Chandi , Artyomov Maxim , Lee Sanghyun , Baldridge Megan , Nice Timothy
Published: February 2023

Specialized immune responses have evolved to eliminate pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. In particular, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are uniquely responsive to interferon lambda (IFN-λ) and depend on IFN-λ for antiviral defense to a greater extent than other types of IFN. IFN-λ signaling protects IECs by inducing expression of antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), but it is unclear if the intestinal microbiome interacts with the IFN-λ pathway. We find that commensal microbes stimulate a steady-state ISG signal in the gastrointestinal tract that is depleted with broad-spectrum antibiotics, as assessed by whole-tissue RNA sequencing. Steady-state ISG expression is also significantly reduced in mice lacking IFN-λ receptor (IFNLR) specifically in IECs. These data suggest that enteric bacteria stimulate expression of IFN-λ and, subsequently, epithelial ISGs at homeostasis. Strikingly, imaging data reveals that these steady-state ISGs are present in distinct pockets throughout the small intestinal epithelium and are concentrated in IECs at the tips of individual villi. Furthermore, we find that IFNLR protects IECs during initiation of murine rotavirus infection at early time-points post-infection, suggesting that steady-state ISGs are protective against viral infection. Lastly, we find that steady-state ISGs are expressed in a subpopulation of human IECs when we re-analyze publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. These novel observations indicate that commensal microbes stimulate ISGs in localized regions of the intestinal epithelium at homeostasis and may preemptively activate antiviral defenses in vulnerable IECs to improve host fitness against enteric viruses.
CD4+ Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells support fecal microbiota transplantation engraftment and resolution of Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Abt Michael C , Alam Zahidul , Littmann Eric R , Denny Joshua E , Lee Jung-Jin , Bittinger Kyle
Published: February 2023

Clostridioides difficile is an opportunistic pathogen that infects the large intestine following perturbation of the intestinal microbiota causing epithelial damage and debilitating, potentially fatal, colitis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a successful therapeutic strategy for treating recurrent C. difficile infection. Despite remarkable efficacy, implementation of FMT therapy is limited and the mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for Foxp3+ CD4+T-regulatory cells in supporting FMT therapy using a murine C. difficile infection system. Following FMT, chronically infected wild-type mice resolve C. difficile. In contrast, cohoused Rag1−/− or CD4+ T cell deficient mice fail to clear the infection. Genetic deletion of TH1 or TH17 effector cytokines does not impact efficacy of FMT, however, C. difficile infected Il10−/− mice are non-responsive to FMT therapy. Further, targeted ablation of CD4+ Foxp3+T-regulatory cells in C. difficile infected Foxp3-DTR mice prior to FMT reveal a necessary role for this CD4+T cell subset in FMT-mediated resolution of C. difficile infection. FMT non-responsive mice exhibit impaired engraftment of the FMT bacterial consortia and failed restoration of commensal bacteria-derived secondary bile acids in the large intestine, metabolites associated with limiting C. difficile disease in FMT recipient patients. These data demonstrate that the host’s inflammatory immune status can limit the efficacy of microbiota-based therapeutics to treat C. difficile infection.
Oral administration of a peptide antigen with the cholera toxin adjuvant induces Th17 rather than Th2 cells
Authors: Hong Sung-Wook , Jenkins Marc K
Published: February 2023

Cholera toxin (CT) is widely used an as adjuvant to elicit mucosal immune responses to co-administered antigens. The observation that antigens given orally with CT induce IL-4-producing T cells and antigen-specific IgE has led to the concept that CT is a Th2 adjuvant. We revisited this issue by using a peptide:MHCII tetramer-based approach to follow the fate of polyclonal CD4+ T cells specific for an MHCII-bound peptide from Toxoplasma gondii CD4Ag28m in mice fed with this peptide and CT. We found that this regimen induced the clonal expansion of CD4Ag28m peptide-specific CD4+ T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs. Surprisingly, the expanded tetramer-binding population consisted of 20 percent RORgt+ Th17 cells but only 3 percent Th2 cells. Th17 cell generation induced by oral peptide plus CT immunization was lost in mice lacking IL-6 or the microbe sensor MyD88. The latter result raised the possibility that the adjuvanticity of CT depended on gut microbes. Treatment of B6 mice with antibiotics to eradicate commensal bacteria, however, only slightly reduced Th17 cell formation in response to oral administration of the peptide plus CT, raising the possibility that viral or fungal microbes are required. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CT induces a Th17 immune response via a pathway that depends on MyD88.
Function of circulating myeloid cells in healthy donors and patients with metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Contreras Cristina F , Kaczanowska Sabina , Kaplan Rosandra N
Published: February 2023

Monocytes are a heterogeneous group of mononuclear innate immune cells that have diverse inflammatory responses. In the context of cancer, monocytes and monocyte-derived cells have been evaluated for their pro- and anti-tumoral effects in the tumor microenvironment. These functions range from induction of tumor cell death to suppression of T cells, promotion of angiogenesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Outside of the primary tumor, monocytes in circulation maintain their dichotomous role in cancer immunosurveillance. Specifically, patrolling non-classical CD14−CD16+ monocytes have been found to play a role in the prevention of metastasis. In contrast, CD14+ monocyte-derived cells from patients with solid tumors have been shown to promote tumor progression. Therefore, understanding this monocytic heterogeneity as well as other unexplored roles (i.e. monocyte-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells) is crucially important for malignancies with high rates of metastasis. Yet, the phenotypic and functional diversity of circulating monocytes in patients with metastatic solid malignancies is still largely unknown. In this study, we sought to characterize and compare peripheral blood monocytes obtained from healthy donors and patients with advanced stage solid tumors. Through flow cytometric analysis and functional assays, we determined the subpopulation distributions as well as the phagocytic and suppressive activities of the monocytic compartment in patients with advanced cancer and healthy controls. Providing new insights into their cancer-related functions, we highlight the need for consideration of circulating monocytes into immune-targeting approaches in metastatic solid malignancies.
Impact of constitutive FLT3 signaling on dendritic cell development and function in a genetically engineered mouse model of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Flynn Patrick A , Lind Evan
Published: February 2023

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological cancer with a very poor prognosis. FLT3-ITD mutations, which result in constitutive FLT3 signaling, are the most common mutation. Our lab and others have shown that many AML patient samples exhibit hallmarks of immune exhaustion such as T cell dysfunction, increased MDSCs, and increased T regulatory cells (Tregs). Understanding mechanisms that drive immune dysfunction in AML can improve patient outcomes. FLT3 signaling is critical for dendritic cell (DC) development, but little is known about the effects of FLT3-ITD has on DC development and function in AML. We found that FLT3-ITD driven AML mice have significantly expanded DC and Treg populations compared to healthy controls, which is reported in patients with AML. Analysis of serum cytokines identified significantly increased levels of IL-10, IL-17a, and IL-27 in leukemia mice compared to healthy controls, suggesting that the expansion of DCs in our leukemia mice may be driving expansion of CD4+ T cells. We hypothesize that FLT3-ITD DCs are a significant driver of the systemic expansion of Tregs and T cell exhaustion in AML. Understanding the mechanisms by which FLT3-ITD DCs contribute to AML immune dysfunction is critical to understanding leukemia etiology and the development of potential immune based therapies such as immune checkpoint blockade or vaccines.
Divergent immune impacts elicited by chemically dissimilar agonists of the STING protein
Authors: Boehm Dylan T , Mizuno Nobuyo , Pryke Kara , DeFilippis Victor
Published: February 2023

Vaccines comprised of inert antigen are very safe, yet they are typically only weakly immunogenic and thus require co-administration of factors such as adjuvants that enhance immunostimulation. Unfortunately, very few adjuvants are approved for clinical use and the mechanistic bases of their function are poorly understood. Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is the PRR that senses intracellular cyclic dinucleotides (CDN) synthesized by the enzyme cGAS following its sensing of cytosolic DNA. Numerous molecules have been identified and developed that directly induce STING-mediated activity and can enhance establishment of the adaptive immune response. However, a significant barrier to clinical utilization of STING-based adjuvants exist including an understanding of their mechanisms of action and the unexpected diversity in molecular and cellular responses that correlate with chemical nature of the agonists. We utilized a mouse model of vaccination with the model antigen ovalbumin, in combination with chemically distinct STING agonists. While all CDNs and small molecules directly bind to and activate STING, we determined that downstream immune reactivity to antigens varied significantly. We have identified key dissimilarities including agonist-specific gene transcription patterns, cytokine induction, APC maturation, TFH enhancement, and T helper polarization biases. Furthermore, we observed these differences using two clinically relevant VLP-based vaccine antigens against Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Our findings provide new insights into STING-initiated immune responses, which can direct future research toward an optimization of adjuvants directed toward this and other innate immune pathways.
Antigen archiving promotes secondary CD8+ T cell memory responses during an unrelated infection
Authors: Doan Thu A. , Schafer Johnathon , Lucas Erin D. , Tamburini Beth
Published: February 2023

Numerous studies have shown viral antigens can persist in lymph nodes after resolution of the infection. We showed that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), which comprise the lymphatic vasculature necessary for antigen drainage from the tissue, is the predominant cell type required for the persistence of antigen within the lymph node. We termed this process antigen archiving due the ability of LECs to actively archive antigens to which an immune response has occurred. This process involves antigen acquisition, retention, and exchange of the antigen between LECs and dendritic cells (DC), resulting in presentation of the archived antigens to CD8+ memory T cells and improving effector function. In more recent data, we demonstrated that LEC death causes the release of archived antigens during LN contraction. The objective of this study was to determine if during a secondary unrelated infection whether LEC death would occur and cause archived antigens to be released. As expected, we found that a second and unrelated viral infection causes LEC death within two to three weeks following infection. Within the same time frame that we observed LEC death, we observed a significant increase in archived antigen-specific endogenous memory T cells. This increase only occurred in mice that received an unrelated viral infection and not in those mice that did not receive the unrelated viral infection. In conclusion, archived antigen release during a secondary unrelated infection potentially boosts the archived antigen specific memory CD8+ T cell population. Understanding the mechanism of antigen release during multiple infections could ultimately lead to better strategies for vaccination and improve our understanding of how LECs influence immunity.