bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um Ministério entre a Instrução Pública e a Educação Nacional. Eusébio Tamagnini e o saneamento político-ideológico contra docentes e funcionários da UC (1934-1936)
Authors: Lopes Gustavo Esteves
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo tem como objeto aspetos político-ideológicos da passagem do antropólogo e catedrático da antiga Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Coimbra, Eusébio Tamagnini pela tutela do Ministério da Instrução Pública, entre 1934 e 1936 – isto é, no lume do Estado Novo (1933-1974). Foi aquando de seu ministério que o Estado Novo deu início à depuração de docentes e investigadores, na qualidade de funcionários públicos, por motivos de ordem política e social, declarada ou suspeita, em oposição ao então recém-instituído regime tendencialmente totalitário instaurado em Portugal. O dispositivo jurídico para a legitimação da depuração destes funcionários públicos foi o Decreto-lei nº 25.317 de 1935, que esteve em vigor até a queda do Estado Novo, e cujos primeiros saneamentos vieram a ocorrer, não por acaso, na Universidade de Coimbra, berço intelectual do longevo presidente do conselho de ministros, António de Oliveira Salazar (1932-1968). Cabe também destacar o papel de Eusébio Tamagnini no Ministério da Instrução Pública, no sentido de suscitar algum aparato ideológico fascista que servisse de base para a conversão desta pasta, após seu retorno à cátedra, em Ministério da Educação Nacional, já sob a batuta de António Faria Carneiro Pacheco (1936-1940).
La integración regional latinoamericana a partir de las oportunidades para el progreso
Authors: Perdomo Jhoner , Álvarez Luis Daniel , Levy-Carciente Sary , Phélan Mauricio
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de un Estado debería ser la ampliación de oportunidades y capacidades para que la ciudadanía promueva resultados que permitan el desarrollo humano. En este sentido, los países se integran en bloques para fortalecer sus políticas, dar respuestas a las demandas sociales y mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. Por ello, la conformación de alianzas presume que quienes las conforman poseen elementos y objetivos en común. Se realiza un ejercicio a países de la región latinoamericana, mediante un análisis discriminante utilizando indicadores multidimensionales, cuyo objetivo es determinar cuáles son las condiciones que permiten diferenciar los respectivos convenios en la región, para nuestro análisis: MERCOSUR, ALBA y Alianza del Pacifico.
Una educación filosófica. Reflexiones foucaultianas en torno a una educación poiética
Authors: Fuentes Megías Fernando
Published: December 2016

Una de las tareas más urgentes de la filosofía de la educación contemporánea es determinar el sentido social de la educación en un mundo progresivamente dominado por las técnicas de gestión propias del ámbito empresarial. El presente artículo trata de llevar a cabo una reflexión en la que se pone a prueba si la educación ha de perseguir únicamente el desarrollo de capacidades o si, por el contrario, ha de implicar también un ejercicio de transformación del educando. Para ello, se define el concepto de educación poiética utilizando como marco teórico la obra del último Foucault, a partir de la cual se discute la potencia ethopolítica y ethopoiética de la educación. Desde esa perspectiva, se analizan los preámbulos de las últimas leyes educativas españolas con el fin de establecer qué concepto de educación han tratado de implementar los legisladores en las distintas reformas llevadas a cabo.
PARALELISMO DA LEGISLAÇÃO DO MODELO COMMON LAW SOBRE A PENA DE MORTE E A REDUÇÃO DA MAIORIDADE PENAL NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Silva Andrey Gastaldi da , Heil Danielle Mariel
Published: December 2016

O trabalho proposto neste artigo científico tem por escopo realizar uma análise sobre as discussões acerca da pena de morte. A partir disso, tem-se como ponto de partida o Direito Penal nos Estados Unidos da América, o qual é adepto ao sistema common law, dando especial destaque ao Estado norte-americano do Texas, o qual é conhecido como capital mundial das execuções. Após, algumas considerações são feitas sobre a consagração da pena de morte no Brasil com a promulgação da Constituição da República Federativa de 1988, que, ainda de forma retencionista, estabelece a pena de morte em tempo de guerra. Analisa-se doutrina pertinente, com o objetivo de fazer um breve estudo sobre a previsão da pena de morte nos Estados Unidos e como o Brasil tem sustentado a adoção de tal pena. Por fim, apresentam-se as propostas de redução da maioridade penal que tramitam atualmente no Congresso Nacional brasileiro.
Judaica Librarianship in the Literature: Assessing the Impact of Our Journal
Authors: Weinberg Bella
Published: December 2016

How does one assess the quality and impact of a journal? Standard indicators of quality include peer review and index coverage; citation analysis has been the standard technique for measuring the impact of a journal. These criteria, along with personal assessments of the impact of Judaica Librarianship, are the subject of this editorial.
Hebraic Authorities: A Historical-Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Weinberg Bella
Published: December 2016

The standardization of Hebrew names in cataloging and bibliography has its roots in the Anglo-American tradition of Romanized author main entry. Cross-references from Hebrew names to their Roman equivalents are found in some British Hebraica catalogs published in the 19th century. In the Hebrew bibliographic tradition, in contrast, title main entry predominated and, given the nondistinctiveness of Jewish names, author access was rarely provided. Israeli librarians adopted the Western tradition of author main entry while retaining their commitment to original-alphabet cataloging; their Hebraic authority work consisted primarily of standardization of Hebrew orthography.
The Hebraic capability of the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN) made American Judaica librarians aware of the advantages of Hebrew name access; they had formerly been accustomed to Hebrew title access only. Many libraries are inputting parallel Hebrew access points to RLIN, with varying degrees of authority control.
The USMARC Format for Authority Data has been revised to allow for parallel non-Roman data; the fields defined for non-Roman data have not been implemented, however, because the Library of Congress cannot handle non-Roman scripts in its processing system. Hebraic authority control is therefore done locally, in manual mode or with database management software.
Contributing Hebrew Name Headings to NACO: A Participant's View
Authors: Simon Rachel
Published: December 2016

Princeton University Libraries have undergone several phases over the years regarding authority work. This paper focuses on Princeton's treatment of Hebrew name headings within the framework of authority work in general, prior to and following the library's involvement in the NACO (National Coordinated Cataloging Operations) project.
The paper deals with the following topics: the methods used at Princeton for authority work before the involvement with NACO in 1980; the stages of Princeton's involvement with NACO after 1980 (including production data); procedures developed at Princeton to facilitate authority work, enhance efficiency, and guarantee quality control in all production levels; personnel involved in authority work; the process undertaken to become an independent contributor of Hebrew name headings; the workflow of Hebrew name headings and the principles applied in establishing Hebrew name headings; and plans for the future.
Kindertransport: A Happy Ending?
Authors: Levy Drucker Olga
Published: December 2016

In early 1939, at age eleven, the author was sent from her native Stuttgart, Germany, on a Children's Transport to England, where she remained for the next six years, living with strangers. Kindertransport, her autobiography, was conceived as a book for young adults at the 50th reunion in London in June 1989. This paper deals with historical as well as emotional aspects of this part of the Holocaust. It points out the existence of intolerance in today's world, and asks whether a repetition of the atrocities of the thirties and forties can be prevented, both in our time and in the future.
Reflections of a Jewish, Lesbian Author
Authors: Newman Lesléa
Published: December 2016

In this essay, Jewish lesbian author Leslea Newman speaks of the importance of finding one's own identity reflected in works of literature, citing examples of her own work, and recommending the writings of other Jewish lesbian authors of merit.
Hebraica Now! The Book Arts, 1991-1993
Authors: Avrin Leila
Published: December 2016

There have been several positive developments in the areas of Hebrew typography, fine and private printing, and artists' books from 1991 to 1993. The paper discusses recent typefaces by the Jerusalem designer Zvi Narkiss; the typographic experiments of Ariel Wardi, former head of the Printing Department of Hadassah College of Technology in Jerusalem, as well as a new Hebrew display letter, "Hillel," designed by Scott-Martin Kosofsky for the Harvard Hillel Sabbath Songbook. The works of two private presses are examined: that of the Santa Monica private printer Jacob Samuel in a book illustrated by Micha Ulmann, and that of Jerusalem's designer-bookbinder, Yehuda Miklaf. Two significant artists' books have appeared recently: Maftir Yonah, a limited hand-printed edition with calligraphy by David Moss and etchings by Mordechai Beck, printed at the Jerusalem Print Workshop, and The Six Days of Creation, a work in monoprint, with calligraphy and drawing by Malla Carl. Another milestone is the 1992 Hebrew translation by Israel's veteran printing expert, Gideon Stern, of the printer's manual, Bruckmann's Handbuch der Drucktechnik as Sefer ha-defus. It includes the history and essentials of Hebrew typography and serves as an invaluable reference work for the new generation of Hebrew printers.
Reference Works from Israel, 1992-1993
Authors: Kahane Libby
Published: December 2016

The directories, encyclopedias, biographical dictionaries, and bibliographies listed below are part of the collection of the Jewish National and University Library. Most were published in Israel, but some of them are in the Library because it is the Library's aim, as the National Library of the Jewish people, to collect Judaica from all over the world. Some non-Israeli publications that may not have come to the attention of U.S. librarians are therefore included in this list.
The Jewish Press in France: A Review of the Contemporary Scene, 1993
Authors: Vernon Elizabeth
Published: December 2016

The French Jewish press is a rich and varied one. Many new titles have appeared since Charles Berlin's 1972 survey of the contemporary Jewish press in France, published in the Jewish Book Annual. This article seeks to update the information in that survey. In addition to the Increase in the number of publications, there have been significant changes in the size and format of many publications. While the overall pattern of publication has stayed much the same, there has, however, been a significant increase In the number of scholarly periodicals in Jewish studies, and a rise in the number of religiously oriented periodicals.
Fatores Associados à Ansiedade em Estudantes de uma Faculdade Particular
Authors: Medeiros Palloma Prates , Bittencourt Felipe Oliveira
Published: December 2016

Introdução: A ansiedade e o stress surgem como mecanismo de fuga na dificuldade de adaptação. Um estudo atual mostrou que mais da metade dos estudantes universitários apresentavam sintomas psicológicos, decorrentes do estresse sofrido na graduação.  Objetivo: analisar os motivos causadores da ansiedade em alunos que ingressam no ensino superior. Metodologia: a pesquisa possui caráter descritivo, quanto à natureza da pesquisa é qualiquantitativa.  A pesquisa foi desenvolvida município de Vitoria da Conquista/BA. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Faculdade Independente do Nordeste. Os participantes do presente estudo foram selecionados por faixa etária de 19 a 25 anos, em estudantes da área da saúde. Resultados e discussões: Os resultados revelaram a presença de ansiedade em quase metade na população acadêmica pesquisada, com um índice mais elevado de ansiedade entre as mulheres, que apresentam leve ansiedade em 28,8% da amostra, ansiedade moderada em 9,6% e ansiedade severa 2,7%. Cabe destacar que esses dados que estão em conformidade com a ampla maioria dos estudos de mesma ordem, tanto a nível nacional como internacional. Considerações Finais: Os resultados deste estudo podem ser usados para traçar um perfil de estudantes em maior risco de ansiedade, vislumbrando a criação de estratégias e ações, por parte das faculdades e universidades, que visem a intervenção precoce e resolução dessa demanda.
Grupos de Convivência: Influência na Qualidade de Vida da Pessoa Idosa
Authors: Silva Soares Sandra Maria , Coronago Virgínia Maria Mendes Oliveira
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo buscar refletir sobre a importância dos grupos de convivência na qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa. Este trabalho busca também identificar o papel do enfermeiro (a) nas relações estabelecidas nos grupos de convivência entre o profissional e o idoso. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e o levantamento contemplará temas relativos aos problemas que afetam negativamente a qualidade de vida dos idosos, a importância dos grupos de convivência na vida dos mesmos, e, a postura do profissional de enfermagem nesses grupos; para tanto, foram analisados artigos nas bases Scielo e Pubmed no período entre 1995 e 2015. A pesquisa demonstrou a importância dos grupos de convivência e que a presença do enfermeiro (a) é fundamental, para o bom funcionamento destes grupos, resultando assim na melhoria da qualidade de vidas dos idosos participantes.
A Importância do ensino de Libras: Relevância para Profissionais de Saúde
Authors: Ramos Tâmara Silva , Almeida Maria Antonieta Pereira Tigre
Published: December 2016

A audição é o sentido por meio do qual se percebem os sons e a deficiência auditiva por sua vez deve ser tema de discussão, pois embora seja direito da pessoa surda ter acesso a serviços de saúde de qualidade, são por muitas vezes, atendidos de maneira incorreta e desrespeitados em sua condição, pois a área de saúde não possui profissionais capacitados para um atendimento aprimorado. Assim este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a importância do estudo de Libras para uma melhor preparação profissional de saúde para atuar junto à comunidade surda, conforme questionários aplicados em um Universidade particular da cidade cm alunos de 5 tipos de áreas de saúde (Enfermagem, Farmácia, Odontologia, Fisioterapia e Estética) e por isso trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa onde o caráter é de maneira exploratória realizada com alunos dos cursos da saúde. Nota-se que Enfermagem, Fisioterapia, Farmácia, Estética e Odontologia.  A maioria dos alunos cursam Enfermagem (n=22), 32 dos participantes sabem o que é Libras e não se comunicam por Libras. 36 participantes declararam ter esse interesse em estudar LIBRAS. E embora o cuidado e contato com algum paciente com problema auditivo, nesta pesquisa ter sido baixo (n-5), (n=40) consideraram importante o estudo da libra na área de saúde e (n=39) acreditam que todas as áreas de saúde deveriam ter disciplina de LIBRAS na grade curricular. Já que 34 deles disseram que o atendimento aos deficientes auditivos feito por sua classe é ruim. Chegando a conclusão de que as garantias e direitos dados às pessoas com deficiência devem existir como forma de inclusão e integração social.
Avaliação Institucional e da Aprendizagem na Escola de Ensino infantil e Fundamental Joaquim Caboclo
Authors: Dias Erasmo Gonçalo , Oliveira Gislene Farias de
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar diferentes conceitos de avaliação. Também mostrar a compreensão de avaliação e, como esta vem sendo desenvolvida pelos professores que atuam no Programa de Alfabetização na Idade Certa-PAIC da Escola de Ensino Infantil e Fundamental Joaquim Caboclo, no Distrito de Miragem Caririaçu-CE. Faz-se um paralelo com as avaliações externas como, SPAECE e a PROVA BRASIL. Traz alguns recortes teóricos de autores sobre a questão, comungando especialmente com as ideias de Oliveira, Luckesi, Demo, Hoffman e Luck, dentre outros. A metodologia da pesquisa é qualitativa, através de revisão bibliográfica e documental. Os documentos oficiais da escola e os dados acerca das avaliações, foram coletados junto aos professores da referida escola, por ocasião do planejamento escolar, nos dias 19 e 20 de maio de 2016. Apresenta portanto grande relevância, pois poderá servir como fonte bibliográfica norteadora acerca de como realizar uma avalição que supere a visão minimizada de separar os alunos por competência e que usa a avaliação como instrumento de tortura e ferramenta de controle de turma, resumindo a avaliação a simples exames.
Factor analysis of socio-economic determinants of diseases
Authors: Khanum Shakila , Ansari Bilal Anjum , Hussain Anila , Qasim Huma
Published: December 2016

Our each and every part of life is persuaded by diversity of factors. Social and economic factors have a huge impact on person’s health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the social and economic determinants of diseases by a statistical technique called factor analysis using SPSS version 21. Sample of 1500 male and female patients from public and private hospitals of Southern Punjab, Pakistan is utilized using saturation sampling technique. Results illustrate that gender, age, area living, migration of ancestors, gender of house hold head, respondent’s and parent’s educational level, marital status, family size and monthly income are the major social and economic determinants of diseases. Age is the major factor that affects a person’s health. As age increase the chances of getting affected by disease also increase. So we can say that age and probability of getting ill are directly proportional to each other. Same is the case with income and education. Males are found to get ill more often, relatively compared to females.
Escolarização de pessoas com transtorno do espectro do autismo a partir da análise da produção científica disponível na Scielo-Brasil (2005-2015)
Authors: Nascimento Fabiana Ferreira do , Cruz Mara Monteiro da , Braun Patricia
Published: December 2016

O acesso à escola, a garantia de permanência e a promoção da aprendizagem, independente das condições do aluno, é dever do Estado e da família que dividem a responsabilidade sobre o processo de escolarização, isto é, de aprendizagem escolar do sujeito. Falta de conhecimento sobre o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA), bem como condições inadequadas do espaço físico, falta de recursos e adaptações curriculares podem comprometer o sucesso na trajetória escolar do aluno que apresente características desse transtorno em seu desenvolvimento. Diante dessas questões, esta investigação objetivou mapear e analisar o estado da arte acerca do processo de escolarização desse sujeito, ao longo de uma década, disponível na base de dados da Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO-Brasil). A escolha desse banco de dados ocorreu por ser um espaço de amplo alcance, fácil acesso e gratuito a periódicos indexados e reconhecidos academicamente, revelando-se uma rica fonte de busca que poderia ser mais utilizada para acessar conhecimentos por professores da educação básica. Já o recorte temporal se deu por ser um período no Brasil em que houve a aprovação de diversas normativas legais para a inclusão escolar, algumas específicas para alunos com TEA. A partir do mapeamento e das análises realizadas constatamos, entre outros aspectos, que ainda são poucos os trabalhos que investigam o processo de escolarização e, principalmente, a organização e aplicação de estratégias ou recursos em sala de aula com o este aluno.
The application of the method of dimensional analysis in the wood sciences
Authors: KOCSIS Zoltán
Published: December 2016

A kutatások során gyakran előforduló probléma a viszonylag nagyszámú független változó kezelése, valamint az adatok általános érvényű feldolgozása. A nagyszámú független változó számának redukálásához és a kísérleti adatok
általános érvényű feldolgozásához nagy segítséget nyújt a hasonlósági elmélet dimenziónélküli számok segítségével. Jelen publikáció ennek alkalmazását kívánja bemutatni egy kidolgozott példán keresztül. A dimenzióanalízis módszerét az elmúlt 100
évben már sikeresen alkalmazták például hőtani, mechanikai és áramlástani problémák megoldásánál főként azokban az esetekben, amikor a jelenséget részleteiben nem ismerték és emiatt nem tudták a pontos matematikai modelljét, például
differenciálegyenletét felírni. A szerző célul tűzte ki, hogy ez a gyakorlatias módszer a tudományos életben, így a faipari tudományokban is minél szélesebb körben megismerésre kerüljön.
Integrating Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy and a Buddhism-Inspired Aversion/Attachment Model of Client Suffering: The Cases of "Beth" and "Amy"
Authors: Samlin Jason
Published: December 2016

In recent times, Buddhist psychological concepts have become appealing to many psychotherapy theorists and practitioners. Included are such notions as mindfulness, the "acceptance" of experience, the nature and causes of suffering, and the use of "skillful means" behaviors and thoughts that are intentionally undertaken to reduce suffering both for oneself and others. While there are a number of cognitive-behavioral therapy treatments that incorporate such Buddhist psychological concepts, little research and practice has been done examining the integration of such concepts and short-term dynamic psychotherapy.  As one effort to fill this gap in research, the purpose of this study was to develop and pilot test in two cases—"Beth" and "Amy"—a model (a) that was based on such Buddhist concepts and (b) that would assimilatively integrate with the "home theory" of an established form of modern, relational, short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, namely, Levenson's (1995, 2010) Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (TLDP). The new model is called the "Aversion/Attachment Model of Client Suffering" (A/AMCS).  The A/AMCS model was conceptually incorporated into Beth's and Amy's case formulations through an expansion of TLDP’s case formulation method. Also, the A/AMCS model was technically integrated into TLDP treatment in two ways. First, formal mindfulness meditation practices were implemented with each client by conducting eight half-hour practices before sessions 6-13, in the context of therapy that lasted 23 and 20 sessions, respectively. Second, the treatment sessions included the incorporation of acceptance practices and skillful means strategies. Following the Pragmatic Case Study Method (Fishman, 2005), Beth and Amy’s cases are examined both quantitatively and qualitatively. This study concludes with a discussion of the possible reasons for Beth's dramatically positive outcome compared with Amy's only moderately successful outcome, together with a broader discussion of how future research could further examine the integration of Buddhist psychological concepts and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.
On How Psychotherapy Can Be Helpfully Integrated Into Mindfulness Practice
Authors: Morgan Donald
Published: December 2016

This commentary presents a discussion of some of the theoretical and technical aspects of Buddhist thought that Samlin used in his therapy with clients. The Buddhist roots of his "Attachment/Aversion Model of Client Suffering" are explored, and their origins in the Buddhist psychology known as Abhidharma are noted.  The Abhidharma is placed within the context of modern theories of conditioning.  I then outline how ideas and practices from the Buddhist tradition fit very well into the major contemporary psychotherapies, as Samlin shows using the TLDP model.   Some reasons are presented for the advantages of integrating Buddhist thought and practices into psychotherapy.  Finally, some practical suggestions are proposed for how to use this approach in psychotherapy with clients.
Commentary on Braun’s “The Ecological Rationality of Historical Costs and Conservatism”
Authors: Baker C. Richard
Published: December 2016

Eduard Braun’s paper entitled “The Ecological Rationality of Historical Costs and Conservatism” has many elements which recommend it. Professor Braun has done an excellent job of summarizing several key topics in accounting theory, in particular those related to the issue of the revenue-expense versus the asset-liability approach to income determination and the historical cost versus fair value debate. In his paper, Braun argues that the revenue-expense approach to accounting cannot be traced to a distinct event. He also maintains that the revenue-expense approach is ecologically rational; that is, it results from “social evolution”, not human design. He goes on to argue that this ecological rationality is the reason why the efforts to impose the asset-liability approach favored by accounting standard-setters has encountered difficulties. He further argues that a solid basis for explaining the ecological rationality of the revenue-expense approach can be found in behavioral economics especially in Prospect Theory. He concludes that the revenue-expense approach is ecological rational and that it provides a basis for the organization of a market economy. The author supports his arguments with citations to well-respected accounting research which provides arguments against abandoning the revenue-expense approach (Waymire & Basu, 2007, Accounting is an evolved economic institution. Foundations and Trends in Accounting, 2(1–2), 1–173; Dickhaut, Basu, McCabe, & Waymire, 2009, Neuroaccounting II: Consilience between accounting principles and the primate brain. Retrieved January 30, 2009 from http://ssrn.com/abstract=1336517 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1336517; Dickhaut, 2009, The brain as the original accounting institution. The Accounting Review, 84(6), 1703–1712). This commentary will focus on two themes in Braun’s paper. First, the question of ecological rationality and whether this concept implies evolutionary progress. Second, the historical evolution of the revenue-expense approach, and why this approach can traced to several distinct events.
The Register SUGGESTIONS: Processing Tool for Land Consolidation Projects
Authors: Muchová Zlatica , Leitmanová Mária
Published: December 2016

Article presents The register SUGGESTIONS, what is one of the main part of the OKTOPUS system (System about land, creation and land consolidation in Slovakia). This system has been created and presented in the model catchment area of the river Žitava in the previous work (125 cadastral areas in total area of 162,801 ha). Optimal combinations of land management are described mainly for land consolidation projects from erosion control, water management and ecological perspective. Modified processes for calculating the degree of soil erosion risk of the area, coefficient of ecological stability and methods of determination of critical points are used in The register SUGGESTIONS. Based on identified and evaluated dominant problems in the area there are proposed solutions (through symbols derived from concrete situations on land blocks) where to aim potential suggestions, mainly for designers of land consolidation projects. The contribution states procedures of obtaining symbols of The register SUGGESTIONS, recommendations derived from the register and three case studies.
Measured and Modeled (DNDC) Nitrous Oxide Emissions (N2O) under Different Crop Management Practices in the Nitra Region, Slovakia
Authors: Horák Ján , Mukhina Irina
Published: December 2016

An important method of investigating N2O emissions from cropland is model simulation. The measured data of N2O emissions under conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) with (N1) and without (N0) N fertilizer application were used to test the DNDC model during the year 2012 (April-December) in Slovakia. There was found a good agreement with seasonal N2O emissions only for CTN0 treatment, but in case of other treatments DNDC overestimated the emissions. The relative deviation between observed and simulated total seasonal N2O emissions (kg N ha−1) from four treatments were 46%, 164%, 346% and 321% for CTN0, CTN1, RTN0 and RTN1, respectively. Also, some discrepancies were found between observed and simulated emissions when evaluating the daily N2O emissions, especially when looking at the magnitude of N2O emissions peaks. The correlation between observed and simulated daily N2O emissions (N = 38) in case of conventional tillage was quite high and significant with r = 0.48 (P <0.01), r = 0.45 (P <0.01) for CTN0 and CTN1 treatment, respectively. On the other hand, there was found poor correlation in reduced tillage treatment with r = 0.22 (P >0.01) and r = 0.39 (P >0.01), for RTN0, RTN1, respectively.
The Economics of Green Constitutions
Authors: Imhof Sina , Gutmann Jerg , Voigt Stefan
Published: December 2016

Over the last decades, more and more countries have integrated environmental protection into their constitution. In this article, we argue that a simple economic model can explain why some countries have adopted the legal innovation of constitutional environmental protection, while others have not. Environmental protection can be thought of as an investment that only pays off over the long term, and may even imply intergenerational redistribution to the advantage of future generations. Moreover, the adoption of constitutional environmental protection leads to the provision of public goods, which redistributes resources among all members of a society. Taken together, these arguments imply that democratic states with a culture that favors future-oriented behavior are more likely to entrench environmental protection in their constitution. We study the adoption of constitutional environmental protection in a panel dataset for 122 countries using semi-parametric survival analysis techniques. Our results suggest that future-oriented preferences are a robust determinant of a country’s propensity to adopt a green constitution. Political institutions are less important and do not exert a statistically significant effect.
Blow-up of solutions to cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equations with defect: The radial case
Authors: Goubet Olivier , Hamraoui Emna
Published: December 2016

In this article we investigate both numerically and theoretically
the influence of a defect on the blow-up of radial solutions
to a cubic NLS equation in dimension 2.
Noncontact three-dimensional quantitative profiling of fast aspheric lenses by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Goud Bujagouni Karthik , Udupa Dinesh Venkatesh , Prathap Chilakala , Shinde Deepak Dilip , Rao Kompalli Divakar , Sahoo Naba Kishore
Published: December 2016

The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for noncontact three-dimensional aspheric lens profiling and retrieval of aspheric surface parameters is demonstrated. Two commercially available aspheric lenses with different focal length-to-diameter ratio have been imaged using OCT, and the measured optical path length distribution has been least square fitted with the aspheric lens surface retrieving the radius of curvature, aspheric constant, and conic constants. The refractive index of these lenses has also been measured referencing with a standard Zerodur glass flat. The fitted aspheric surface coefficients of the lenses are in close agreement with the manufacturer’s values, thus, envisaging the potential of OCT in rapid screening, testing of aspheric lenses, and other micro-optical components such as those used in illumination optics.
Artificial Plant Root System Growth for Distributed Optimization: Models and Emergent Behaviors
Authors: Su Weixing , Na Lin , Liu Fang , Liu Wei , Ashraf Muhammad Aqeel , Chen Hanning
Published: December 2016

Plant root foraging exhibits complex behaviors analogous to those of animals, including the adaptability to continuous changes in soil environments. In this work, we adapt the optimality principles in the study of plant root foraging behavior to create one possible bio-inspired optimization framework for solving complex engineering problems. This provides us with novel models of plant root foraging behavior and with new methods for global optimization. This framework is instantiated as a new search paradigm, which combines the root tip growth, branching, random walk, and death. We perform a comprehensive simulation to demonstrate that the proposed model accurately reflects the characteristics of natural plant root systems. In order to be able to climb the noise-filled gradients of nutrients in soil, the foraging behaviors of root systems are social and cooperative, and analogous to animal foraging behaviors.
Presence of sequence and SNP variation in the IRF6 gene in healthy residents of Guangdong Province
Authors: Wu Wenli , Hua Liang , Wang Hongtao , Hao Jiansuo , Chen Yiyang , Li Fan , Liu Jiayu
Published: December 2016

Objective

This study was to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene in healthy residents of Guangdong Province, China, for further analysis of their associations with the development of cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P).

Methodology

DNA was extracted from blood samples of 13 healthy residents. IRF6 genes were sequenced and analyzed by alignment to the reference sequences in GenBank.

Results

The IRF6 genes containing 45.21% GC were 25016–25046 bp in length, and had 2215-bp exons and a 1404-bp coding region. There were 65 SNPs, including 58 SNPs in the 5′-untranslated region or introns and 7 SNPs in the exons. These sites had two alleles, including 39 transition sites and 26 transversion sites. Five novel SNPs were identified. c. 459G>T and c. 820G>A in the coding region represented silent and Val274Ile mutations, respectively. The SNPs made two sequences (GenBank HQ875393 and JF346417).

Conclusions

The sequences and SNP profiles of the IRF6 gene in healthy residents of Guangdong Province are consistent with the one in GenBank but with slight variations. Our findings form a basis for further investigation of the association between IRF6 gene polymorphisms and CL/P in residents of Guangdong Province.
Non-coding RNAs: the cancer genome dark matter that matters!
Authors: Ling Hui , Girnita Leonard , Buda Octavian , Calin George A.
Published: December 2016

Protein-coding genes comprise only 3% of the human genome, while the genes that are transcribed into RNAs but do not code for proteins occupy majority of the genome. Once considered as biological darker matter, non-coding RNAs are now being recognized as critical regulators in cancer genome. Among the many types of non-coding RNAs, microRNAs approximately 20 nucleotides in length are best characterized and their mechanisms of action are well generalized. microRNA exerts oncogenic or tumor suppressor function by regulation of protein-coding genes via sequence complementarity. The expression of microRNA is aberrantly regulated in all cancer types, and both academia and biotech companies have been keenly pursuing the potential of microRNA as cancer biomarker for early detection, prognosis, and therapeutic response. The key involvement of microRNAs in cancer also prompted interest on exploration of therapeutic values of microRNAs as anticancer drugs and drug targets. MRX34, a liposome-formulated miRNA-34 mimic, developed by Mirna Therapeutics, becomes the first microRNA therapeutic entering clinical trial for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. In this review, we presented a general overview of microRNAs in cancer biology, the potential of microRNAs as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and associated challenges.
Quality Indicators in Laboratory Medicine: the status of the progress of IFCC Working Group “Laboratory Errors and Patient Safety” project
Authors: Sciacovelli Laura , Lippi Giuseppe , Sumarac Zorica , West Jamie , Garcia del Pino Castro Isabel , Furtado Vieira Keila , Ivanov Agnes , Plebani Mario
Published: December 2016

The knowledge of error rates is essential in all clinical laboratories as it enables them to accurately identify their risk level, and compare it with those of other laboratories in order to evaluate their performance in relation to the State-of-the-Art (i.e. benchmarking) and define priorities for improvement actions. Although no activity is risk free, it is widely accepted that the risk of error is minimized by the use of Quality Indicators (QIs) managed as a part of laboratory improvement strategy and proven to be suitable monitoring and improvement tools. The purpose of QIs is to keep the error risk at a level that minimizes the likelihood of patients. However, identifying a suitable State-of-the-Art is challenging, because it calls for the knowledge of error rates measured in a variety of laboratories throughout world that differ in their organization and management, context, and the population they serve. Moreover, it also depends on the choice of the events to keep under control and the individual procedure for measurement. Although many laboratory professionals believe that the systemic use of QIs in Laboratory Medicine may be effective in decreasing errors occurring throughout the total testing process (TTP), to improve patient safety as well as to satisfy the requirements of International Standard ISO 15189, they find it difficult to maintain standardized and systematic data collection, and to promote continued high level of interest, commitment and dedication in the entire staff. Although many laboratories worldwide express a willingness to participate to the Model of QIs (MQI) project of IFCC Working Group “Laboratory Errors and Patient Safety”, few systematically enter/record their own results and/or use a number of QIs designed to cover all phases of the TTP. Many laboratories justify their inadequate participation in data collection of QIs by claiming that the number of QIs included in the MQI is excessive. However, an analysis of results suggests that QIs need to be split into further measurements. As the International Standard on Laboratory Accreditation and approved guidelines do not specify the appropriate number of QIs to be used in the laboratory, and the MQI project does not compel laboratories to use all the QIs proposed, it appears appropriate to include in the MQI all the indicators of apparent utility in monitoring critical activities. The individual laboratory should also be able to decide how many and which QIs can be adopted. In conclusion, the MQI project is proving to be an important tool that, besides providing the TTP error rate and spreading the importance of the use of QIs in enhancing patient safety, highlights critical aspects compromising the widespread and appropriate use of QIs.
Economic Inequalities And The Level of Decentralization In European Countries: Cluster Analysis
Authors: Labutková Šárka , Bednářová Pavla , Hovorková Valentová Vladimíra
Published: December 2016

This submitted article identifies relations between the degree of decentralization and economic imbalances on the basis of a cluster (exploratory) analysis. Two indicators have been chosen for measuring economic inequalities: an indicator of dispersion of regional GDP per capita as representative of the performance imbalances within countries (it measures the economic development gap among regions in European countries); and a multidimensional inequality-adjusted human development index as representative of inequalities in the distribution of wealth in the countries. Decentralization is measured by means of a decentralization index, which contains both quantitative and qualitative components. Although groups of countries characterised by a high degree of decentralization do not necessarily show the lowest degrees of economic imbalances, it is however possible to conclude that the countries in groups with a higher degree of decentralization are among those countries with more favourable values of the economic imbalances indicators monitored. As a part of the research, two clusters of countries were identified which are identical in their degree of decentralization, but differ in the results connected with economic imbalances. The differences are caused by different institutional qualities in the two groups.
Gestural modality and addressee perspective influence how we reason about time
Authors: Lewis Tasha N. , Stickles Elise
Published: December 2016

A growing body of literature has established that spatiotemporal metaphoric reasoning processes can be affected by the active experience of motion (such as actual motion, fictive motion, and abstract motion). In this study, the effects of metaphoric gestures on spatiotemporal metaphor use and the effects of addressee perspective on comprehension of these gestures are investigated. Participants were asked an ambiguous question that yields different responses depending on which metaphor variant is used. This question was asked with simultaneously produced metaphoric gestures depicting either sagittal or lateral motion and presented to participants either in shared perspective (side by side) or opposing (face to face) perspective. Findings suggest that not only does gesture influence metaphoric reasoning in discourse interpretation, but that addressees reliably interpret gestures from their own perspective, even when it is not shared with the speaker. Furthermore, conversational bystanders similarly adopt the perspective of the addressee in gesture comprehension.
Effect of various formulation ingredients on thermal characteristics of PVC/clay nanocomposite foams: experimental and modeling
Authors: Moghri Mehdi , Dragoi Elena Niculina , Salehabadi Ali , Shukla Devesh Kumar , Vasseghian Yasser
Published: December 2016

The effect of various ingredients – nanoclay (NC), azodicarbonamaide (ADCA), paraloeid K-400 and calcium stearate (Ca.St) – on thermal behavior of melt blended poly (vinyl chloride)/NC nanocomposites was investigated. Combinations of two artificial intelligence algorithms were performed for modeling of the systems. The formulation ingredients affect the thermal features of the compounds. Upon increasing the effect of various ingredients, i.e. NC, ADCA, K-400 and Ca.St, an increase in ash content was observed, hence, the thermal stability increased. The effect of ingredients on initial degradation temperature (T5%) and half degradation temperature (T50%) was not obvious. The artificial neural network (model) and the clonal selection algorithm (optimizer) were performed for proper modeling of the systems. These models were used to determine the role of T5%, T50% and char based on the contents of ingredients. The result successfully modeled the process parameters.
Comparative study of crystallization and lamellae orientation of isotactic polypropylene by rapid heat cycle molding and conventional injection molding
Authors: Li Jiquan , Yang Shaoguang , Turng Lih-Sheng , Zheng Wei , Jiang Shaofei
Published: December 2016

The crystallization and orientation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) molded by rapid heat cycle molding (RHCM) and conventional injection molding (CIM) were studied. Due to the varying cooling rates and shearing, the molded parts exhibited a multilayered structure (skin, shear and core) across the part thickness, reflecting different degrees of crystallization and lamellae orientation of iPP. The morphology evolution of RHCM products was discussed based on the comparative research of morphology and structure at multiple sites on the RHCM and CIM specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) were used to analyze the thickness, crystallinity and lamellae orientation of these three distinct layers. The crystallization and lamellae orientation of iPP correlated strongly with the multilayered structure. In the RHCM process, one side of the mold is equipped with the rapid heat cycle function. The thickness and lamellae orientation next to the heated surface were less than that of the opposite skin layer without heating. Meanwhile, the crystallinity was greater than that of the opposite skin layer.
Gas Flow Monitoring in High and Low Reynolds Regimes Based on Compensated FMCW-Radar Phase Measurements
Authors: Hattenhorst Birk , Baer Christoph , Musch Thomas , Jaeschke Timo , Pohl Nils
Published: December 2016

In this contribution, a composite measurement concept for the gas flow determination in diverse stream scenarios is presented. The approach utilizes the pressure- and mixing-dependent relative permittivity of gaseous media, which, in case of a vortex or a marker gas, creates a detectable variation in the measuring beam of the radar. Since the measurement effect is very small, phase measurements based on highly precise and low jitter frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar systems in different frequency bands are applied. Moreover, disturbances caused by vibrations of the measurement setup are compensated out of the measurement signal.
Shape control of silver selenide nanoparticles using green capping molecules
Authors: Sibiya Nokwethemba Precious , Moloto Makwena Justice
Published: December 2016

Employing a capping agent during the synthesis of nanoparticles has been reported to play a role in controlling size and shape of the nanoparticles. Due to this reason, this study reports the synthesis of silver selenide nanoparticles using different environmentally friendly capping agents (green tea, glucose, ascorbic acid and chitosan) in order to investigate their effect on the size and shape of the nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that the nanoparticles have different shapes (rods, spheres and cubes) with an average size of 8–96 nm depending on the capping agent used. Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that the capping of nanoparticles was successful, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the nanoparticles have an orthorhombic phase.
Dreyfus, Zola und die Graphologen. Vom Expertenversagen zum Intellektuellensieg?
Authors: Hirschi Caspar
Published: December 2016

Die Dreyfus-Affäre gilt gemeinhin als Sieg der Wissenschaft und Intelligenz über die Armee und Justiz. Dieser Aufsatz stellt diese Sicht in Frage und entwickelt eine neue Erklärung für die Rolle der Wissenschaft und für den Aufstieg der Intellektuellen im Verlauf des Skandals. Er untersucht die Expertisen, die Wissenschaftler zum Hauptbeweisstück des Spionagefalls – einem Begleitschreiben zu Geheimdokumenten – abgegeben haben. Die Analyse zeigt, dass es allen Experten in den ersten Jahren des Skandals an einer bewährten Methode fehlte, um die Frage nach der Autorschaft des Schreibens zu beantworten. Dieses Manko hielt aber kaum einen davon ab, den eigenen Befund als unumstößliche Gewissheit zu präsentieren – unabhängig davon, ob er Dreyfus für schuldig oder unschuldig hielt. So kam es auf beiden Seiten zu Fehlurteilen im Gewand von Tatsachenbehauptungen. Verantwortlich dafür waren nicht nur politischer Druck und ideologische Voreingenommenheit, sondern auch das positivistische Wissenschaftsideal, das die damalige Forschungskultur von der Physik bis zur Philologie prägte. Im Feld der Handschriftenanalyse hatte der Positivismus den Aufstieg einer neuen Wissenschaft begünstigt, die methodische Exaktheit versprach: der Graphologie. In den ersten Jahren der Affäre verfassten Graphologen vielbeachtete Gutachten für und gegen Dreyfus und verunmöglichten es methodisch konservativeren Handschriftenexperten, sich mit dem Prinzip der epistemischen Vorsicht Gehör zu verschaffen. Zum Zeitpunkt, als Émile Zola mit der Publikation von „J’Accuse...!“ die Dreyfus-Affäre zum Eskalieren brachte, hatten die Graphologen allerdings ihr Pulver schon verschossen. Die Rolle des Intellektuellen, wie sie Zolas Anhänger in Auseinandersetzung mit den Antidreyfusards entwickelten, kann als eine Kompensationsfigur für das kollektive Expertenversagen verstanden werden. Sie eröffnete die Möglichkeit, mit moralischem Furor die methodischen Blößen wettzumachen, die sich Wissenschaftler in der Expertenrolle eingehandelt hatten. Allerdings gerieten die Dreyfusards im Intellektuellengewand selbst in epistemische Untiefen – dann nämlich, wenn sie Moral und Methode als zwei Seiten derselben Medaille darstellten.