bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indistinguishability of Temporally Separated Pairwise Two- Photon State of Thermal Photons in Franson-Type Interferometry
Authors: Park Jiho , Kim Heonoh , Moon Han Seb
Published: December 2021

The phenomenon of Franson interference with time–energy entangled photon pairs beyond the single-photon coherence length observed upon nonlocal measurement at two space-like separated locations is of particular research interest. Herein, we determine the coherence length of temporally separated pairwise two-photon (TSPT) states of thermal photons emitted from a warm atomic ensemble in Franson-type interferometry, with the setup consisting of two spatially separated unbalanced Michelson interferometers beyond the coherence length of a thermal photon. Using a novel method of square-modulated thermal photons, we show that the sinusoidal Franson-type interference fringe of thermal photons is determined by the presence or absence of TSPT states (corresponding to the time delay between the long and short paths in Franson-type interferometry). We find that the indistinguishability of the TSPT state in the Franson-type interference is independent of the temporal separation of the thermal photons in the TSPT states.
Phenology of fine roots and shoots using high frequency temporal resolution images in a temperate larch forest
Authors: Tamura Azusa , Oguma Hiroyuki , Fujimoto Roma , Kuribayashi Masatoshi , Makita Naoki
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Understanding tree phenology reveals the underlying mechanisms through plant functional and productive activities and carbon sinks in forest ecosystems. However, previous research on tree phenology has focused on shoot dynamics rather than tree root dynamics. We aimed to explore seasonal temperature patterns of daily-based root and shoot dynamics by capturing high frequency plant images in a larch forest.
Methods

We monitored continuous images using an automated digital camera for shoot dynamics and a flatbed scanner for the fine root dynamics in the larch. Using the images, we analyzed the relationship between temperature and plant area index as shoot growth status and total root-area proportion of white and brown roots.
Results

Larch shoot production had a single mountain-shaped peak with a positive correlation between plant area index and air temperature. Fine root production had two peaks in the bimodal root-growth pattern in early summer and late autumn. Soil temperature was positively correlated with white root proportion and negatively correlated with brown root proportion.
Conclusion

We found differences between shoots and roots regarding temperature relationships. In particular, the automated flatbed scanner method for the root dynamics allowed the collection of detailed bimodal patterns of root production with shift from whitening to browning color, which had been previously overlooked. Such high frequency temporal resolution analysis can provide an in-depth of mechanisms of fine-root and shoot phenology through different stages of plant development in terms of growth and senescence.
Association Between Lipid Trajectories During Pregnancy and Risk of Postpartum Glucose Intolerance After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Zhuofan , Li Zhuyu , Cheng Yunjiu , Chen Peisong , Wang Dongyu , Chen Haitian , Chen Wei , Wang Zilian
Published: December 2021

Background: To assess lipid trajectories throughout pregnancy in relation to early postpartum glucose intolerance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods: This prospective cohort study included 221 Chinese women with GDM who completed plasma lipid test in each trimester of pregnancy and oral glucose tolerance test at 6-9 weeks post-delivery between January 1st 2018 and January 8th 2020. Using the group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) were identified separately as three trajectories: low, moderate, and high trajectory. The associations between lipid trajectories and early postpartum glucose intolerance were all evaluated.Results: Seventy-three participants developed postpartum glucose intolerance. For patients in low, moderate and high trajectory, the incidence of postpartum glucose intolerance was 38.4, 34.9, and 17.9%, respectively. GDM women with lower LDL-C trajectories presented a higher risk of postpartum glucose intolerance. The adjusted odds ratio(95% CI) for glucose intolerance was 3.14(1.17-8.39) in low LDL-C trajectory and 2.68(1.05-6.85) in moderate trajectory when compared with the high one. However, TC trajectory was not associated with risk of postpartum glucose intolerance, nor were TG trajectory and HDL-C trajectory. Moreover, a significant difference of insulin sensitivity was observed in participants with different LDL-C trajectories, participants in high LDL-C trajectory had the highest insulin sensitivity whereas the women in low LDL-C trajectory had the lowest insulin sensitivity(P=0.02). Conclusions: The high trajectory of LDL-C during pregnancy may play a protective role on postpartum glucose intolerance in women with GDM. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanism.Trial registration: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University(reference number: [2014]No. 93). All participants provided written informed consent forms, and the ethics committee approved this consent procedure.
Adaptation To Soil Acidity By Common Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) is Associated With Root Morphological Traits and Structures
Authors: Etana Daba , Nebiyu Amsalu , Wondimmu Zeleke , Ruelle Morgan L.
Published: December 2021

Aims

Common bean is an important source of food and fodder and is used to improve soil fertility when integrated in cropping systems through intercropping or rotation. Although widely grown by smallholders in Ethiopia, its productivity is constrained by several factors including soil acidity, which limits nutrient availability and uptake. The negative effects of soil acidity may be mediated by root system morphology and structure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if root traits in common bean are associated with tolerance to soil acidity.
Methodology

The study was laid out in a split-plot design, whereby soil amendment practices with phosphorus (+P or -P) and liming (+lime or –lime) and their combinations were assigned to main plots and varieties to subplots. Two improved varieties (Nasir and Deme) and two farmers’ varieties (Polpole and Pantarkin) of common bean were evaluated under each soil amendment practice.
Results

Farmers’ variety Polpole produced significantly (p< 0.05) more hypocotyl roots (14.17) with a wider hypocotyls angle (5.87°) than other varieties. In addition, Polpole had a larger tap root diameter (2.57 mm) and length (34.10 cm) in plots amended with P. The improved variety Deme showed a higher number of basal roots (14.0) and basal root whorls (4.20) as well as lower basal root angle (0-15°) in plots amended with P and lime. Analyses demonstrate that common bean varieties differ in their ability to tolerate soil acidity due to differences in their root morphological and structural traits.
Conclusion

The results suggest an opportunity to identify and further develop acid tolerant varieties for low input farming systems to improve and enhance bean productivity and efficiency of the agro ecosystem at large.
Constrained medical oxygen supply chain in India during COVID-19: Red-tapism, the elephant in the room?
Authors: Gowda Naveen R , Siddharth Vijaydeep , Kumar Parmeshwar , H Vikas , Khare Amitesh , Swaminathan Prakash , Kumar Atul
Published: December 2021

Background:

Recent disruption of medical oxygen during second wave of COVID-19 has caused nationwide panic. This study attempts to objectively analyze the medical oxygen supply chain in India along the principles of value stream mapping (VSM), identify bottlenecks and recommend systemic improvements.
Methodology:

Process mapping of the medical oxygen supply chain in India was done. Different licenses & approvals, their conditions, compliances, renewals among others were factored-in. All relevant circulars, official orders, amendments and gazette notifications pertaining to medical oxygen since April 2020 were studied and corroborated with information from PESO official website.
Findings:

All steps of medical oxygen supply chain right from oxygen manufacture to filling, storage and transport up to the end users; have regulatory bottlenecks. Consequently flow of materials is sluggish and very poor information flow has aggravated the inherent inefficiencies of the system. Government of India has been loosening regulatory norms at every stage, which is reactive rather than proactive policy making.
Discussion:

Regulatory bottlenecks have indirectly fuelled the informal sector over the years, which is not under Government’s control. This has also caused difficulties in clamping down black-marketing and hoarding. Technology enabled, data-driven regulatory processes with minimum discretionary human interface is the way to go.
Effect of concentric and eccentric porous layer on forced convection heat transfer and fluid flow around a solid cylinder
Authors: Alinezhad Alireza , Goharrizi Ataallah Soltani , Kamyabi Ataallah
Published: December 2021

In this paper, heat transfer and fluid flow around a solid cylinder wrapped with a porous layer in the channel were studied numerically by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The homogeneous concentric and eccentric porous medium round a rigid, solid cylinder are supposed at local thermal equilibrium. The transport phenomena within the porous layer, volume averaged equations were employed, however the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy were applied in the channel. This current numerical analysis, the effects of eccentricity ( ), the variable diameter of porous layer (d=0.07,0.08,0.09), permeability, as well as the different Reynolds number and Darcy number on the heat transfer parameters and fluid flow was investigated. The main purpose of this study is analyzed and compared the heat flux of concentric and eccentric porous layer in Reynolds number range of 1 to 40 and Darcy numbers of to . It is found that with the decline of Darcy number, the vortex length is increased behind the solid cylinder surface. In addition, the heat flux rate of the cylinder is raised with the increase of Reynolds number. Finally, The results have demonstrated that with raising Reynolds and Darcy numbers, the increase of the average Nusselt numbers in the eccentric porous layer is higher than the concentric porous layer.
Prevalence of Anemia and Its Association with Handgrip Strength in Indonesian Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Indonesian Family Life Survey Data Year 2014-2015
Authors: Sutandyo Noorwati , Rinaldi Ikhwan , Sari Nina Kemala , Winston Kevin
Published: December 2021

Aim

This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence of anemia in Indonesian elderly population aged ≥60 years old and to analyze its association with handgrip strength in the elderly.
Method

This was a cross-sectional study using data from Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5). All participants aged ≥60 years old were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were: (1) respondents who refused to take health measurements (hemoglobin level, handgrip strength, weight, stature, and waist circumference); (2) respondents with incomplete or missing data; (3) respondents with history of stroke; and (4) respondents with history of pain, swelling, inflammation, injury, and surgery on one or both hands within the last 6 months. The dependent variable for this study was handgrip strength. The independent variables were hemoglobin level, gender, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, smoking history, comorbidities, and current use of drug therapies. Statistical analyses included correlation, bivariable, and multivariable analyses.
Result

A total of 3192 individuals were selected for analysis. Overall, 38.8% of participants aged ≥60 years had anemia based on definition of anemia by WHO. There was a positive correlation between hemoglobin level and handgrip strength in Indonesian elderly population (r: 0.349; p value: 0.000). Multivariable analysis showed that anemia was significantly associated with weak handgrip strength (OR: 1.557; 95% CI: 1.314-1.846; p value: 0.000). This association was stronger for males and elderly aged ≥80 years old.
Conclusion

Based on the results, anemia was associated with weak handgrip strength in Indonesian elderly population and it is more pronounced in males and elderly aged ≥80 years old.
NUPR1 Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells by Activating TFE3 Transcription to Induce Autophagy
Authors: Xiao Heng , Long Jing , Chen Xiang , Tan Mi-Duo
Published: December 2021

Background: Breast cancer is a commonplace carcinoma in females. Recurrence and metastasis are the main problems affecting the survival rate of patients. The fundamental reason is the lack of understanding of the mechanism of breast cancer metastasis. This study aims to deliberate on the efficaciousness of Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1)-mediated autophagy on breast cancer metastasis.Methods: The proliferation, migration and invasion ability of breast cancer cells were appraised by CCK-8, wound healing, and colony formation, as well as transwell assay. The relationship between NUPR1 and Translocation factor E3 (TFE3) was appraised by qPCR, western blot and ChIP. Migration-invasion-related proteins and autophagy-related proteins were appraised by western blot. The effects of NUPR1 on malignancy formation and metastasis were studied in vivo.Results: NUPR1 was upregulated in breast cancer cells and tissues. NUPR1 knockdown restrained the proliferation, migration and invasion of ZR-75-30 cells. Moreover, NUPR1 knockdown restrained malignancy formation and metastasis in vivo. Mechanically, NUPR1 promoted autophagy through activation of TFE3 transcription, thereby regulating the process of breast cancer metastasis.Conclusion: This paper elucidates the molecular mechanism of NUPR1 promoting breast cancer metastasis by activating autophagy through TFE3 signaling pathway, which provided biological basis for intervention of blocking distant metastasis.
A Novelty Energy Storage Algorithm for High Speed Trains: Economical and Energy Saving Evaluation
Authors: Sertsöz Mi̇ne
Published: December 2021

Increasing the utilization rate of regenerative braking energy in rail systems is one of the ongoing applications increasing in significance in recent years. This study develops a novelty algorithm within the scope of this objective and provides the calculation of the regenerative braking energy recovery rate and then making a decision for storage or back to grid of this energy. Afterwards, the regenerative braking energy was calculated with the help of this algorithm for Eskisehir-Ankara and Ankara-Eskisehir trips in two different passengers (load) scenarios, using the YHT 65000 high-speed train, which was chosen as a case study. Then, with a decision maker added to this classical regenerative braking energy algorithm, it will be decided whether this energy will be stored or forward back into the grid for the purpose of providing non-harmonic energy to the grid.
Detecting Damage Building Using Real-Time Crowdsourced Images And Transfer Learning
Authors: Chachra Gaurav , Kong Qingkai , Huang Jim , Korlakunta Srujay , Grannen Jennifer , Robson Alexander , Allen Richard
Published: December 2021

After significant earthquakes, we can see images posted on social media platforms by individuals and media agencies owing to the mass usage of smartphones these days. These images can be utilized to provide information about the shaking damage in the earthquake region both to the public and research community, and potentially to guide rescue work. This paper presents an automated way to extract the damaged building images after earthquakes from social media platforms such as Twitter and thus identify the particular user posts containing such images. Using transfer learning and ~6500 manually labelled images, we trained a deep learning model to recognize images with damaged buildings in the scene. The trained model achieved good performance when tested on newly acquired images of earthquakes at different locations and ran in near real-time on Twitter feed after the 2020 M7.0 earthquake in Turkey. Furthermore, to better understand how the model makes decisions, we also implemented the Grad-CAM method to visualize the important locations on the images that facilitate the decision.
Non-Native Herbivores Promote Plant Invasions Away From Mountain Roads in the Andes
Authors: Aschero Valeria , Barros Agustina , Bonjour Lorena , Mazzolari Ana , Sosa Martín Pérez , Cuevas Fernanda , Novillo Agustina , Álvarez María Alisa , Lillo Eduardo Fuentes , Pauchard Anibal , Lembrechts Jonas
Published: December 2021

While the role of environmental filters, usually described by elevation as proxy, and anthropogenic disturbance as drivers of non-native plant diversity and abundance in mountains have been extensively studied, the impact of herbivores are less explored. Livestock grazing can facilitate the introduction of non-native species by seed dispersal and reduce biotic resistance due to consumption and trampling of native plants, even in the highest protected areas in the Andes. We here explored the effects of elevation, livestock and distance to the road on non-native and native plant distributions. Our results confirm the largely negative relationship of non-native plant richness and cover with elevation, with a peak in richness and cover at low to intermediate elevations. Similarly, we show a strong decline in non-native richness with increasing distance to the road, especially at low elevations, accompanied by a strong negative effect of roads on native species richness. Most importantly, however, we show that the presence of non-native herbivores greatly increases the cover of non-native species away from the roadside, identifying herbivore disturbance as a potential catalyst of non-native plant invasion into natural vegetation of high-Andean protected areas. Our results confirm the often-shown role of disturbance as driver of plant invasions in mountains, yet highlight the interactive effects of disturbance by roads and herbivory: roads funnel non-native species towards higher elevations, while non-native herbivores can promote non-native plant success away from the roadside and into the natural vegetation. Hence, regulating soil and non-native herbivory disturbance is important for minimizing plant invasions at high elevation in the Arid Andes.
On the Hot Isostatic Pressing of Inconel 625 Structures built using Laser Powder Bed Fusion at Higher Layer Thickness
Authors: Nayak Saurav Kumar , Jinoop Arackal Narayanan , Paul Christ Prakash , Kumar Vesangi Anil , Subburaj Dineshraj , Singh Rashmi , Bindra Kushvinder Singh
Published: December 2021

This paper reports the effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing) on the porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) IN625 structures built at a higher layer thickness of 100 µm. It is observed that the process-induced pores/voids of volume fraction (Vf) 0.43% in as-built IN625 structures are reduced significantly to ~ 0.01% after HIPing treatment. The microstructure is changed from fine columnar dendrites to coarse equiaxed dendrites. The microstructural analysis of as-built structures reveals the presence of cellular/ dendritic growth along with elemental segregation of Nb, Si and C and precipitation of Nb-rich carbides. Whereas, coarse recrystallized microstructure along with elemental segregation of Si and precipitation of Nb, Mo and Cr rich carbides are observed in Hot Isostatic Pressed (HIPed) samples. HIPed structures exhibit lower tensile s trength, higher ductility, and lower anisotropy as compared to LPBF built structures. There is a reduction in the Vickers micro-hardness of IN625 samples after HIPing and the values are observed to be similar to their conventional counterparts. Further, an increase in the energy storage capacity of the material is observed after HIPing treatment through Automated Ball Indentation (ABI®) studies. The study paves a way to develop ~100% dense, defect-free and isotropic engineering components using LPBF.
Lump Solutions, Multi Lump Solutions and More Soliton Solutions of a Novel (2+1)-dimensional Nonlinear Evolution Equation
Authors: Ma Hongcai , Yue Shupan , Gao Yidan , Deng Aiping
Published: December 2021

Exact solutions of a new (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation are studied. Through the Hirota bilinear method, the test function method and the improved tanh-coth and tah-cot method, with the assisstance of symbolic operations, one can obtain the lump solutions, multi lump solutions and more soliton solutions. Finally, by determining different parameters, we draw the three-dimensional plots and density plots at different times.
Bilderbuch als Klangmedium
Authors: Oberhaus Lars , Oetken Mareile
Published: December 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
Musik und Klang können auf unterschiedliche Weise Eingang in ein Bilderbuch finden. Aus methodischer Sicht lassen sich auf der einen Seite außermusikalische Inhalte (v. a. Texte und Bilder) musikalisch darstellen (Verklanglichung, Vertonung), und auf der anderen Seite besteht die Möglichkeit, Musik in andere Medien zu transformieren (Bild und Visualisierung, Bewegung und Verkörperung, Text und Versprachlichung). Diese Interdependenzen finden sich auch in Gattungen und Kompositionstechniken, wie z. B. Oper und Programmmusik, in denen sich Handlung, Text und Musik wechselseitig beeinflussen und überlagern.
 
The Picture Book as a Sound MediumAesthetic, Scientific and Artistic Perspectives
This article is an overview of the relevance of sound and music in picturebooks. Various possible relationships between images, words and sounds are shown, and different formats and historical developments are discussed. A focus is placed on the dimensions of the narrative context and the relevance of different types of media. Traditionally, the relation between music, words and images included setting picturebooks to music. In the last few years, electronic book media such as e-books, enhanced books and picturebook apps, which offer a combined, multimedial listening, reading and viewing experience, present new perspectives for intermedial picturebook research. The article details strategies for analysing the picturebook as a sound medium, using methods and concepts from film analysis, aesthetic transformation and the concept of aurality to show how the medium of sound is an open, ambiguous aesthetic quality that enriches picturebooks with its contingent possibilities for symbolic representation.
Guiding Hand
Authors: Roy Matthew
Published: December 2021

The emergence of imaginative children’s music in the second half of the nineteenth century reframed the relationship between children and music in revolutionary ways. The dominant paradigm had been for children to repetitiously practice mechanistic exercises, a time-consuming occupation that the German composer Robert Schumann considered particularly wasteful and tasteless. In response he composed Album für die Jugend in 1848, a collection of children’s pieces that utilised a combination of text, picture and music to appeal to the interests of children, and to inspire their enthusiasm for musical play. Schumann envisioned his music as an extension of familial nurturance, which played a powerful role in directing children towards a musically and spiritually rich adulthood. As the tradition of imaginative children’s music developed during the nineteenth century, the dual themes of entertainment and education remained central to its generic identity, and continued to speak to the significance of piano music as a tool for the socialisation of children. The work of Jacqueline Rose offers a lens through which to explore this music’s manipulative influence upon children. The multimodal and performative characteristics of these musical pieces demonstrate the hidden influence of the adult’s guiding hand and the dire consequences that come to those who transgress musical and social boundaries.
Hört zu!
Authors: Josting Petra
Published: December 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
Die Mediengeschichte zeigt, dass mit dem Aufkommen neuer Medien immer auch literarische Stoffe von ihnen aufgegriffen wurden, sei es in Form von traditionellen, neu erschienenen oder eigens für sie geschriebenen Texten. In Deutschland trifft diese Feststellung auch auf den Rundfunk zu, der flächendeckend ab 1923 in Form von dezentralen Rundfunkgesellschaften aufgebaut wurde (vgl. Halefeldt 1997), die ab 1924 ein Programm für Kinder und Jugendliche anboten. Hört zu! lautete der an sie gerichtete Aufruf.
Listen!Children's and Youth Literature on the Radio during the Weimar Republic and the Era of National Socialism
This article presents some results from a research project on German-language children‘s and young people‘s literature in the media network from 1900 to 1945, focussing on radio programmes, from 1924 on, that engaged with this literature. The sources of information about the programmes were radio magazines, which were only published until 1941 due to the constraints of the Second World War. In the initial phase, readings of fairy tales and legends dominated; from the early 1930s on, more and more fairy tale radio plays were produced. Punch and Judy radio plays by Liesel Simon, for instance, were broadcast regularly from 1926. Book recommendations aimed at parents and young people also played an important role as did readings by contemporary authors such as Felix Salten, Lisa Tetzner, Erich Kästner, Irmgard von Faber du Faur and Will Vesper. While the new political and social start with the Weimar Republic in 1918/1919 did not result in a caesura in the market for children’s literature, because authors who had been successful up to that point continued to be published, it did introduce several innovations, for which there was little room after Hitler came to power in 1933.
Social patterns of natural disasters: The case of hurricane Katrina
Authors: Filipović Mirko , Žakula Sonja
Published: December 2021

Public perception and imagination tend to view natural disasters and catastrophes as phenomena that impact everyone equally. However, they do not occur in a historical, political, economic or social vacuum. Every phase and aspect of a disaster - its causes, vulnerability, preparedness, aftermath, response, reconstruction, the scope of the disaster and the price paid in the end are, to a lesser or greater extent, socially conditioned. Natural disasters actually replicate and amplify existing social inequalities and their effects. Such was also the case with hurricane Katrina. Black people, the poor, the elderly... remained in sunken New Orleans because their economic and social exclusion diminished their possibility to escape the disaster (the same way it diminished their opportunity to escape poverty). Had Katrina been a mere accident of geography and ecology, it would have been possible to peacefully await the resolution of its aftermath. However, because the inequalities which Katrina made apparent have deep socio-historical roots, it was illusory to expect that they would be repaired by the public policies on offer. Because of this, Katrina remains a powerful reminder to those advocating for a more just and democratic society.
Preliminary Study of the Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Fibres Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites
Authors:   Imperium International College, Centre for Engineering Programmes, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Tan Chek Shin , Chan Ming Yeng ,   Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Koay Seong Chun ,   School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor’s University - Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: December 2021

This research project investigates the mechanical properties of the corn husk fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composite (CHFPC) and hybrid fibre (corn husk/flax) reinforced unsaturated polyester composite (HFPC) at different fibre orientations. The tensile and flexural properties of CHFPC and HFPC were manipulated by the different degrees of fibre orientations of 0°, 45°, and 90°. Both CHFPC and HFPC with 0° of fibre orientation had the highest tensile strength and flexural strength. Moreover, the tensile and flexural modulus of specimens with 0° orientation had the highest result compared to 45° and 90° orientations. However, for the elongation at break during tensile testing, 0° orientation had the highest strain, more than unsaturated polyester (UPR) and other composites. The tensile and flexural strengths of HFPC specimens with 0° fibre orientation were higher than that of CHFPC. Besides, the tensile modulus and flexural modulus of HFPC also increased as compared to CHFPC. The elongation at break of HFPC for tensile testing had the highest strain compared to CHFPC. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the hybrid fibre composite performed better compared to the single fibre composite. Moreover, the corn husk fibre (CHF) and flax fibre (FF) acted as reinforcements to enhance the mechanical properties of the UPR composites.
Fracture Toughness of Poly (Methyl Methacrylate)/Hydroxyapatite Denture Base Composite: Effect of Planetary Ball Milling Mixing Time
Authors:   Faculty of Medical Technology, Bani Walid University, 1459 Bani Walid, Libya, Aldabib Jamal Moammar , Mohd Ishak Zainal Arifin ,   School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Published: December 2021

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has great potential as a reinforcing filler for poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture base materials. Nevertheless, filler particles need to be homogeneously distributed throughout the PMMA particles to get the maximum benefit from using the filler. Therefore, the physical mixing of the powder components (PMMA and the filler) is strongly preferred to provide the required dispersion of the filler in the matrix. However, conventional techniques that have been tried, such as hand mixing and stirrer mixing techniques, were not effective. Therefore, the current study was designed to experimentally investigate the effect of different mixing times on the fracture toughness of PMMA/HA using a developed ball milling method. In this study, heat cured PMMA reinforced with 15 wt% HA ceramic powder was ground for different times (i.e., 10, 20, 30, and 40 min) via the technique of planetary ball milling (PBM). The ground powder mixtures were used for the fabrication of denture base testing samples. The particle size and distribution of the PMMA/HA composites after milling for several times were determined by the laser light scattering technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the PMMA/HA composites were obtained. However, no new phase was observed. The effects of mixing time using the PBM technique on the fracture toughness were investigated. The effect of mixing time on the microporosity (voids) on the fractured surface of PMMA/HA was studied with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Within the limitation of the current study, 30 min is considered the optimum mixing time for the tested PMMA/HA composite.
Biosimilars: evolution of approaches to the development, regulation, life cycle control and interchangeability management
Authors: Niyazov Ravil R. , Dranitsyna Margarita A. , Vasiliev Andrey N. , Gavrishina Elena V.
Published: December 2021

The legal framework for biosimilar medicinal product was first established in 2004 in the European Union and later in the USA. Since then, based on the scientific and regulatory experience with biosimilarity assessment, regulatory approaches have evolved considerably. A clear understanding of the capabilities of each development stage in assessing comparability in terms of power to identify differences and assess their relevance to the final clinical outcome gradually accumulated. In addition to the commitment to the biosimilarity approach, it is important to comply with the general requirements applicable to any drugs produced at an industrial scale. Experience showed that the demonstration of biosimilarity based on a range of analytical and functional tests and mainly clinical pharmacological studies is universal and allows extrapolating therapeutic indications. The establishment of biosimilar interchangeability, since the active substance by definition is a version of the active substance of the corresponding reference biological product, can introduce additional difficulties. A single approach to the establishment of biosimilar interchangeability has not yet been developed.
Fifteen years of experience in plastic liquor fistulas using high-intensity laser radiation
Authors: Korkmazov M. Yu. , Angelovich M. S. , Lengina M. A. , Yastremsky A. P.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The need to close liquor fistulas as early as possible is associated with a high risk of intracranial complications. Certain difficulties in closing bone defects are due to the variability of the exact localization of the fistulous canal, the choice of the surgical approach, and the reliability of the plastic material. The literature describes various methods for eliminating basal liquorrhea, however, the advantage of none of them has not been proven, which determines the relevance of the search for new methods.

Objective. Based on the analysis of long-term results, to study the efficiency of plastic closure of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas using high-intensity laser radiation.

Materials and methods. An analysis of 15 years of experience in studying the effectiveness of plastic closure of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas in 126 operated patients with basal liquorrhea was carried out. The duration of the disease ranged from 2 months to 1.5 years. The main group consisted of 94 patients who underwent plastic closure of CSF fistulas using high-intensity laser radiation with a wavelength of 0.97 pm and a power of 2.5-3.5 W. The control group consisted of 32 patients who did not receive coherent laser radiation. In addition to the generally accepted methods of postoperative management, low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation irrigation of the operated cavities was used to accelerate the reparative processes in all patients.

Results and discussion. The average follow-up period after surgery was over 13 years. When comparing the results of treatment, the main criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the operation was the frequency of relapses. In 15 (12.3%) cases, a relapse was noted, of which 5 (3.71%) were patients in the main group and in 10 (8.32%) patients in the control group, who were closed by repeated surgery

Conclusion. The clinical features of the basal liquorrhea include the variability in the localization of the fistulous canals, certain difficulties in their detection, a wide variety of plastic closure methods, and a high percentage of relapses. A prospective uncontrolled study has shown that this method of CSF fistula plasty using improves the efficiency of surgical treatment.
USANDO ANALOGIAS PARA LECIONAR SOBRE O ÁTOMO NAS AULAS DE QUIMICA GERAL NO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Arão José , Leite Laurinda , Nhalevilo Emília
Published: December 2021

USING ANALOGIES TO TEACH ABOUT THE ATOM IN HIGHER EDUCATION GENERAL CHEMISTRY CLASSES. Chemistry deals with concepts associated with non-observable entities. Using analogies may facilitate the learning of such concepts, including the atom. In this study, we investigated the analogies that two chemistry teachers used when teaching about the atom at two Mozambican universities. These analogies were characterized and the reasons that led teachers to use analogies were analyzed. Teachers were observed when teaching about the atom and they were interviewed afterwards. Both teachers used different amounts of analogies, which focused on the Thomson and the Rutherford models. Almost all the analogies, that were created and used spontaneously, showed a lack of internal consistency, which may reduce their didactical value and even make them inducing incorrect deas in the students. Teachers stated that they would start planning the use of analogies in their classes. If they are to do this properly, they need training that integrates two components: analogies and chemistry.
Opinion Control Problem with Average-Oriented Opinion Dynamics and Limited Observation Moments
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Jingjing Gao , Parilina Elena ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

In the paper, we propose a model of opinion dynamics in the presence of a center of influence. The center aims in distributing the opinion closer to the target one minimizing the costs. We consider the case when the center takes into account only some fixed number of observations from the opinion trajectory and taking into account the di erence between the agent's opinion and the socially desired opinion in these periods. The dynamics of the state variable is given by a linear di erence equation. The player's cost is a linear quadratic function with respect to the state variables and the player's strategy. The Euler equation method is used to find the center's optimal strategy. Numerical simulations of the theoretical results are given
Cooperative n-person Prisoner's Dilemma on a Network
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Grinikh Aleksandra L. , Petrosyan Leon A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

In the paper n-person prisoner's dilemma on the network is investigated. A cooperative game with the pairwise interaction of players is constructed. The model is a modification of the classic 2-person prisoner's dilemma problem in the game theory. Network interaction provide an ability to take into account the in uence only to the adjacent players from the whole set of players. The feature of the game is found that allows to make a decision about necessity of playing dominated strategy by a few players. This solution is based on the number of the adjacent players. The work is a continuation of the paper published earlier by Grinikh A.L. and Petrosyan L.A. in 2021.
Paleomagnetism of the Sette-Daban Meso-Neoproterozoic magmatic complex of the southeastern margin of the Siberian platform
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Savelev Aleksandr D. , Pazukhina Anna A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Pasenko Aleksandr M. ,   Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The interval of ~ 1000 - ~ 900 Ma is one of the key ones in the history of the evolution of the Siberian Platform. At this time, the formation of the neoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia took place, which undoubtedly found its reflection in the geological annals of Siberia. A reflection of the kinematics of the Siberian platform is its apparent pole wander path (APWP), the development of which will help to clarify the geodynamic in which the platform was at the beginning of the Neoproterozoic. However, not many objects of this age are known within the Siberian Platform, suitable for performing paleomagnetic determinations. The consequence of this is a very limited number of existing reliable poles, obtained either from sedimentary rocks with very imprecise age limits, or from rocks of the Yenisei Ridge and Taimyr with an ambiguous structural position. This paper presents the results of paleomagnetic studies of the Proterozoic igneous rocks of the Sette-Daban complex of the southern Verkhoyansk region, the formation of which took place ~ 1000-970 Ma ago. Detailed thermal magnetic cleaning made it possible to reveal the high-temperature (HT) characteristic component in a significant part of the samples. It has maximum unblocking temperatures of about 580 ° C, lying in the region of the Curie point of magnetite. The average direction of the characteristic component for the sills sampled in the valley of the Yudoma, coincides with the direction obtained earlier on the same bodies. The calculated paleomagnetic pole for the intrusive bodies of the Sette-Daban magmatic complex (Plat = 5.8 °, Plong = 182.9 °, dp / dm = 9.0 ° / 14.4 °) confirms and refines the previously obtained pole for the rocks of this complex, and also indicates that Siberia in the range of ~ 970-1000 Ma was located in the northern hemisphere in tropical latitudes (~ 26 ° N). The analysis of the available geochronological and geochemical data, coupled with new paleomagnetic data, made it possible to clarify the age of the Sette-Daban magmatic event and limit it within ~ 970-1000 Ma.
Storm surges in the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zakharchuk Evgeny A. ,   State Oceanographic Institute, Sukhachev Vladimir N. ,   State Oceanographic Institute, Tikhonova Natal'ia A. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   State Oceanographic Institute
Published: December 2021

The characteristics of storm surges in different regions of the Gulf of Finland in the second half of the XX and the beginning of the XXI centuries were investigated on the basis of tide gauge measurements of sea level, instrumental observations of the wind and data from the reanalysis of meteorological fields. A criterion for identifying storm surges, taking into account spatial changes in their intensity, is proposed. The results indicate that depending on the year and the location of the station, the number of storm surges varies in the Gulf of Finland in a wide range: from 0 - 1 to 16 - 52 cases per year. The average duration of storm surges varies from 6.7 to 9.0 hours, and the maximum reaches 26 to 96 hours. Shown that in recent decades, in most regions, there has been a tendency towards a decrease in the number of storm surges, their dispersion and sea level maximum. The distributions of the probabilities of wind and atmospheric pressure during storm surges are given. Estimates of two-dimensional probability densities indicate that during storm surges, winds blowing from the west and southwest with speeds of 4-13 m / s are most likely. At the northern coast and at the top of the bay, the most probable values of atmospheric pressure during storm surges are 995 hPa. On the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, atmospheric pressure values of 1005 - 1015 hPa are most likely. The results obtained indicate that the atmospheric pressure over the Gulf of Finland during storm surges is not very low. This is due to the fact that the trajectories of the centers of cyclones causing storm surges pass north of the Gulf of Finland. Analysis of meteorological information also showed the presence of significant negative trends in interannual variations in the dispersion of the horizontal atmospheric pressure gradient, average values and maximums of wind speed. It is concluded that the revealed changes in the characteristics of storm surges are associated with a decrease in the intensity of cyclogenesis in the atmosphere over the Baltic Sea in recent decades.
Religiosidade nos maracatus-nação pernambucanos
Authors: Alencar Alexandra , Raimundo Charles
Published: December 2021

Este artigo pretende apresentar algumas reflexões sobre a religiosidade nas nações de maracatu de Pernambuco. Tal prática cultural é organizada através dos terreiros de religiões de matriz africana, mas não limitada a eles. Assim os maracatus-nação de baque virado possibilitam o diálogo com suas intersecções sociais, artísticas e comunitárias. As nações de maracatu apresentam produções de sentidos - expressas na condução de seu cortejo, na organização social e na forma como os maracatuzeiros pensam e agem - que marcam aspectos da cultura negra. Para tal fim colocamos nossas vivências junto às nações de maracatu pernambucanas em conversas com obras que versam sobre o maracatu-nação e religião.
Na pegação: encontros homoeróticos masculinos em Juiz de Fora de Verlan Valle Gaspar Neto
Authors: Pinheiro Diego Alano de Jesus Pereira
Published: December 2021

Resenha do livro: GASPAR NETO, Verlan Valle. Na pegação: encontros homoeróticos em Juiz de Fora. 1.ed. Niterói: Editora da UFF, 2014, 191p.
A Marujada de São Benedito de Bragança-PA: cores e sonoridades de uma tradição ancestral
Authors: Reis Ronney Alano Pinto dos
Published: December 2021

Desde a primeira vez que visitei Bragança-PA, a pérola do Caeté, no início de 2014, me parecera claro, como em qualquer outra época, que a atmosfera local girava em torno de uma antiga tradição, cujo ponto alto ocorre nos dias 25 e 26 de dezembro3 de cada ano. É a Marujada de São Benedito – “o santo preto”4! Pelas ruas, casas, janelas e também envoltos nos corpos dos convivas dessa grande celebração, que tem suas raízes na religiosidade ancestral do povo negro bragantino, os traços de um tempo festivo e vibrante de cores e sonoridades modificam a paisagem cotidiana por meio de práticas sociais e culturais de homens, mulheres e crianças, que, com suas vestes marujas, dão continuidade ao legado da Irmandade de São Benedito de Bragança5, seguindo a imagem do santo em procissão pelas ruas da cidade.
Vivências da bola: carreiras de futebolistas mulheres numa equipe do interior de São Paulo
Authors: Almeida Caroline Soares de
Published: December 2021

Proibido por décadas no Brasil, o Futebol Feminino só teve sua regulamentação em 1983. De lá pra cá, a modalidade tornou-se bastante praticada por mulheres no país. Surgiram clubes, campeonatos, mas o fantasma da proibição ainda permanece travestido na ideia de rejeição, sendo necessário grande empenho dessas atletas para que a categoria não permaneça invisibilizada. Esta série de fotografias tenta captar um pouco do cotidiano de futebolistas mulheres numa equipe de futebol do interior do estado de São Paulo chamada Associação Ferroviária de Esportes (AFE). O trabalho de campo foi realizado em 2016: um ano bastante conturbado também no Futebol Feminino, tendo como principal destaque, a realização dos Jogos Olímpicos do Rio de Janeiro e o destaque das jogadoras da Seleção.
Antropólogos/as e etnografias diante de processos de adoecimento e medicalização no Brasil – por uma reflexão prática em defesa do SUS
Authors: Rego Francisco Cleiton Vieira Silva do , Barros Tatiane Vieira
Published: December 2021

Atendendo ao caráter central da Revista Equatorial, um periódico produzido e de forte público discente, a corrente apresentação além de cumprir seu papel mais óbvio, objetiva-se disponibilizar uma pequena introdução crítica, principalmente a alunos e alunas de graduação e pós-graduação, do caráter de uma antropologia da saúde e da atuação de antropólogos, antropólogas e etnografias em face ao cuidado e atenção em saúde. Levando-nos, portanto, a assumir uma posição em defesa do Sistema Único de Saúde contra projetos político-econômicos que visam seu desmantelamento.