bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging of glial tumor recurrence using [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT
Authors: Kunikowska Jolanta , Czepczyński Rafał , Pawlak Dariusz , Koziara Henryk , Pełka Kacper , Królicki Leszek
Published: August 2021

Background and PurposeLimited data is available on the possible use of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for the diagnosis of glioma recurrence. The aim of this paper was to assess the use of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for the detection of recurrence in different glial tumors.Materials and Methods34 patients (pts.) aged 44.5±10.3 years with suspicion of recurrence of histologically confirmed glioma grade III (6 pts.) and grade IV (28 pts.) were included in the study. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced MR and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT.ResultsNo radiopharmaceutical-related adverse events were noted. PET/CT was positive in all the areas suspected for recurrence at MR in all the patients. The recurrence was confirmed by histopathological examinations or follow-up imaging in all cases. The images showed a very low background activity of the normal brain. Median maximal standard uptake value (SUVmax) of the tumors was 6.5 (range: 0.9–15.6) and mean standard uptake value (SUVmean) was 3.5 (range: 0.9–7.5). Target-to-background (TBR) ratios varied between 15 and 1400 with a median of 152. Target-to-liver background ratios (TLR) ranged from 0.2 to 2.6, the median TLR was 1.3. No significant difference of the measured parameters was found between the subgroups according to the glioma grade.Conclusion[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT shows excellent results in the diagnosis of glioma recurrence of various grades. Due to the very low background activity, this method provides high-quality images and allows for the detection of well-defined recurrence lesions.
Evaluation of OIDx Histoplasma Urinary Antigen EIA
Authors: Caceres Diego Hernando , Gomez Beatriz L. , Tobon Angela M. , Chilller Tom , Lindsley Mark D.
Published: August 2021

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of Histoplasma antigens (Ag) in urine, developed by Optimum Imaging Diagnostics (OIDx) was evaluated. A verification using a standardized reference panel of urine samples found sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 32% and accuracy of 51%. In this study, the OIDx Histoplasma urinary Ag EIA displayed high sensitivity, however, in non-histoplasmosis cases this EIA displayed false-positive results in 68% of specimens tested.
Evaluation of the genotoxicity in fish erythrocytes to diagnose the water quality of two Amazonian estuaries using the micronucleus test and comet assay
Authors: DE OLIVEIRA CLAUDIA ANTONIA CAMPOS RODRIGUES , Souto Paulo Sergio dos Santos , Palheta Dulcideia da Conceição , Bahia Marcelo de Oliveira , Cunha Lorena Araújo da , Santos Maria de Lourdes Souza , Rodrigues Tatiane do Nascimento Medeiros , Bentes Bianca
Published: August 2021

Genotoxicity studies in coastal ecosystems have been a priority in Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA). This research aimed to study the genotoxicity by the micronucleus test and comet assay in two Brazilian Amazon estuaries (anthropized and control) using Plagioscion squamosissimus as a bioindicator. Blood samples were collected from 54 specimens. No significant genotoxic effects were detected in the cells analyzed, although the highest occurrence was observed in anthropized site. The percentage of genomic damage differed between the sites studied, being always higher in anthropizes site as well. Of the nucleoids analyzed in this site, on average 28 ± 14.42% of the cells were classified in the highest damage class (4). The fish analyzed in the present study are direct influence of xenobiont agents capable of producing damage to the genetic material of aquatic organisms in both sites and, consequently, may bring consequences still little reported in studies of morphophysiological alterations in humans.
The Global, Regional, and National Burden and Trends of Infective Endocarditis From 1990 to 2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Chen Huilong , Zhan Yuan , Zhang Kaimin , Chen Liyuan , Zhan Juan , Chen Zirui , Zeng Zhilin
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Infective endocarditis (IE) causes in-mounting incidence and mortality, as well as serious socioeconomic burden in different regions and countries. To compare and interpret the IE burden and temporal trends in the globe and different regions, we conducted this study to report the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Data of incidences, deaths and DALYs were extracted and analyzed from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were adopted to quantify the change trends of age-standardized rates (ASRs). Besides, potential contributors of serious IE burden were also evaluated including age, gender, social-demographic index (SDI), and ASIR in 1990.Results: In the globe, the number of IE cases increased by 128% from 478,000 in 1990 to 1,090,530 in 2019, and the deaths increased sharply from 28,750 in 1990 to 66,320 in 2019, and both presented the upward temporal trend annually. Whereas the EAPC of age-standardized DALYs demonstrated a negative temporal trend despite of increasing DALYs from 1,118,120 in 1990 to 1,723,590 in 2019. Moreover, graver IE burden was prone to males and aged patients. Meanwhile, different SDI regions had different disease burden, correlation analyses indicated that SDI presented a positive association with ASIR (R=0.58, P<0.0001), no association with ASDR (R=-0.06, P=0.10), and negative association with age-standardized DALYs rate (R=-0.40, P<0.0001). Finally, we discovered the positive associations of EAPC of ASRs with SDI in 2019, while little associations with ASIR in 1990.Conclusion: Generally, the overall burden of infective endocarditis is ever-increasing, and the incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years present a huge heterogeneity in gender, age and different regions. The results may be useful for policy makers and medical staffs in response to endocarditis and to formulate cost-effective interventional measures.
Strong and weak interactions in Ghahramany’s integrated nuclear binding energy formula
Authors: UVS Seshavatharam , S Lakshminarayana
Published: August 2021

By modifying Ghahramany’s integrated nuclear binding energy formula with strong and weak interactions, it is possible to approximate the nuclear binding energy of isotopes with one unique energy coefficient and four terms. Considering even-odd corrections, shell corrections and other microscopic corrections, it seems possible to improve the accuracy with a clear physical basis. Based on our recent work and the proposed formula, we are very confident to say that, electroweak interaction plays a vital role in fixing the nuclear binding energy.
Candidalysin impedes the development of embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Shen Jing , Tan JingCong , Shi Haochun , Zhou Jie , Zhao Yanbin , Zhang Kun , Liu Ning-Ning , Wang Hui
Published: August 2021

Candidalysin is a cytolytic peptide secreted by Candida albicans, an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that was widely spread in clinic and in the environment. However, its impacts on the development of aquatic organisms remain limited. Herein, we explored the developmental effects of candidalysin on embryonic zebrafish at concentrations from 0.008 to 160 mg/L. In acute exposure, decreased survival rate with EC50 at 49.5 mg/L were observed. Meanwhile, in high-dose exposure groups (5-160 mg/L), an increased swimming frequency were observed at candidalysin concentrations of 10 mg/L and above. In chronic exposure, decreased spontaneous contraction, hatching rate and heart rate were identified in low-dose exposure groups (0.008-5 mg/L). Especially for the heart rate, significant changes were observed at candidalysin concentrations as low as 0.008 mg/L (environmentally relevant). The present study first time pointed out the developmental toxicities of candidalysin on fish that was rarely investigated, and thus contributed to its environmental risk assessment.
Removal of the Hypoglycaemic Drug Gliclazide From Aqueous Solutions by Carbon-Based Magnetic Materials
Authors: Çavuşoğlu Ferda Civan
Published: August 2021

Adsorption of gliclazide from aqueous solutions with carbon-based adsorbents is the aim of this study. For this purpose, magnetic, versatile, and inexpensive magnetic activated carbon (MAC) and magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube (MMWCNT) adsorbents have been developed. MAC and MMWCNT characterization were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. In order to find the optimum conditions in batch adsorption experiments, the effects of parameters such as adsorbent dose, gliclazide solution pH, contact time, temperature and presence of foreign ions were investigated. Parameters were calculated for adsorption isotherms using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption studies of MAC and MMWCNT materials with gliclazide were in accordance with the nonlinear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models for all temperatures (298, 308, 318 K). The correlation coefficients of the Langmuir isotherm model are slightly higher than the Freundlich model. MAC adsorbent has maximum monolayer adsorption capacity at T=298 K (qmax=101.66 mg/g, R2=0.88) while MMWCNT has maximum monolayer adsorption capacity at T=308 K (qmax=71.59 mg/g, R2=0.90). For MAC and MMWCNT - Gliclazide adsorption systems, pseudo-first and secondorder kinetic models were examined and found to be more appropriate to the pseudo-secondorder kinetic model. The results showed that the MAC and MMWCNT could be could be promising adsorbents for gliclazide removal.
Wellbeing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults in Nigeria: Associations with psychosocial and pandemic-related factors
Authors: Ibigbami Olanrewaju Ibikunle , Oginni Olakunle Ayokunmi , Oloniniyi Ibidunni Olapeju , Ugo Victor , Ebuka Matthew , Adelola Aderopo , Esan Olufemi Abiodun , Amiola Ayomipo , Daropale Oluwatosin , Esan Oladoyin , Aloba Olutayo
Published: August 2021

Background: Psychosocial factors including stress are determinants of wellbeing. However, there is a shortage of information about how these relationships were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic among adults in Nigeria.Objectives: To determine the associations between wellbeing, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological distress (anxiety and depression), and perceived social support among adults in Nigeria during the first wave of the pandemic.Methods: Wellbeing (assessed using the WHO Wellbeing Index) was the outcome variable while the explanatory variables included anxiety and depressive symptoms (assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), perceived social support (assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) and perceived impact of the pandemic (assessed using perceived disruptions of life-domains). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between the outcome and explanatory variables. The models were adjusted for sociodemographic profile (highest level of education, employment status and payment status).Results: Low self-perceived impact of the pandemic was significantly associated with higher odds of high wellbeing (AOR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.69-3.95; p<0.001). Other factors associated with significantly higher odds of high wellbeing were high perceived social support (AOR: 2.40; 95% CI:1.78-3.22; p<0.001) and having tertiary education (AOR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.07-2.13; p=0.020). In contrast, experiencing anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with lower odds of high wellbeing (AOR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.14-0.41; p<0.001)).Conclusions: Measures for enhancing the wellbeing of adults resident in Nigeria may include strategies to ameliorate the impact of the pandemic, strengthening social support systems, and promoting optimal physical and mental health.
A rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction-based live virus microneutralization assay for detection of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in blood/serum
Authors: Abidi Syed Hani , Imtiaz Kehkeshan , Kanji Akbar , Qaiser Shama , Khan Erum , Iqbal Kiran , Veldhoen Marc , Ghias Kulsoom , Simas J. Pedro , Hasan Zahra
Published: August 2021

Background
Individuals recovering from COVID-19 are shown to have antibodies against the Spike and other structural proteins. Antibodies against Spike have been shown to display viral neutralization. However, not all antibodies against Spike have neutralizing ability and some may be cross-reactive. There is a need for easy-to-use SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing assays that allow the determination of virus neutralizing activity in sera of individuals. Here we describe a PCR-based micro-neutralization assay that can be used to evaluate the viral neutralization titers of serum from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.
Methods
The SARS-CoV-2 strain used was isolated from a nasopharyngeal specimen of a COVID-19 case. The limiting dilution method was used to obtain a 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of Vero cells. For the micro‐neutralization assay, 19 serum samples, with positive IgG titers against Spike receptor binding domain (RBD) were tested. After 24 hours, infected cells were inspected for the presence of the cytopathic effect, then lysed and RNA RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2. The Ct values were used to calculate percent neutralization/inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.
Results
Out of 19 samples, 13 samples gave 100% neutralization at all dilutions, while 4 samples gave neutralization at lower dilution, while one sample did not give any neutralization. The correlation between RBD OD and neutralization potential was found to be statistically correlated.
Conclusion
We describe a rapid RT-PCR based SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization assay for detection of neutralizing antibodies. This can effectively be used to test anti-viral activity of serum antibodies for investigation of both disease-driven and vaccine-induced responses.
MOLECULAR IMAGING AND INTRAOPERATIVE RADIONAVIGATION IN PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: Rumyantsev P. O. , Bubnov A. A. , Sviridov P. V. , Nikiforovich P. A. , Trukhin A. A. , Korenev S. V.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms. Strategies to improve early diagnosis and subsequent therapy are being improved. An emphasis is placed on maintaining the quality of life and working capacity of patients after treatment. This can be achieved by improving methods of focal therapy, which depends on the accuracy of topical diagnosis and classification of the tumor. Hybrid molecular imaging (pet/ct and spect/ct) is used in addition to the methods of structural imaging (ultrasound, ct, mri). Intraoperative imaging using radionavigation systems is also used in open and endoscopic surgery for prostate cancer. Currently, it is a tool capable of reducing the invasiveness of surgery, localizing the area of metastatic lesions with a sensitivity and specificity of up to 95 %.

Objective of the study: an overview of current and promising future methods of intraoperative radio navigation in the surgical treatment of prostate cancer.

Material and methods. The review presents the methods of intraoperative radionavigation in the surgical treatment of prostate cancer. Radionavigation in the context of using tumarotropic radiopharmaceutical based on a prostate-specific membrane antigen, in which the drug accumulates in all tumor foci expressing this receptor, is also considered.

Conclusion. The use of preoperative hybrid imaging and radio-guided surgery facilitate lesion identification and resection. Gamma probing allows detection of psma-positive tumor foci regardless of their depth. Fluorescence imaging methods (icg, photodynamic diagnostics, autofluorescence) are also used for intraoperative detection of pathological foci in real time. Multichannel gamma probing and cherenkov radiation detection, which combine the advantages of indirect and direct intraoperative imaging, have enormous potential.
LOCAL HYPERTHERMIA IN THE TREATMNET OF LOCALLY ADVANCED CERVICAL CANCER: CURRENT VIEW ON THE PROBLEM
Authors: Shpileva O. V. , Kolomiets L. A. , Startseva Zh. A. , Churuksaeva O. N.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study was to review available data on the combined use of local hyperthermia and chemotherapy/radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer, as well as to analyze longterm treatment outcomes.

Material and methods. A systemic literature review was conducted using medline, cochrane library, and elibrary databases in the interval time between 2003 and 2020.

Results. The review describes the mechanisms of biological efficiency of local hyperthermia and evaluates the effect of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy and radiation therapy on cancer cells. Analysis of the thermobiological effects of local hyperthermia indicates that it is a potent sensitizer of cell killing by ionizing radiation and chemotherapy. The increase in tumor radiosensitivity is caused by the inhibition of the repair processes of damaged dna strands. Hyperthermia enhances perfusion and oxygenation of hypoxic tumor cells with a consecutive increase in tumor radiosensitivity. During chemotherapy, local hyperthermia ensures the maximum targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents to the tumor, thus increasing the effectiveness of treatment. Moreover, local hyperthermia has a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. Randomized trials on the use of hyperthermia in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer have shown positive immediate and long-term treatment outcomes.

Conclusion. Local hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy and radiation therapy is a promising treatment modality for locally advanced cervical cancer, because it can significantly improve treatment outcomes and reduce the frequency of early and late adverse effects. However, despite the available world experience, there are no unified methodological approaches to local hyperthermia, and therefore further research is required.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METABOLIC DISORDERS AND TUMOR PROGRESSION: REVIEW OF PRESENT DATA AND NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
Authors: Semina E. V. , Danilova N. V. , Oleinikova N. A. , Agapov M. A. , Rubina K. A.
Published: August 2021

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, osteoarthritis and certain types of cancer are known to correlate with obesity. The mechanisms underlying the link between metabolic disorders and cancer remain obscure, yet assuming a potentially important role of reduced insulin sensitivity, altered glucose metabolism in tumor cells (the so-called Warburg effect), changes in the spectrum of secreted adipokines or interaction with their cognitive receptors as well as changes in steroid sex hormone production.

Material and methods. A search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in pubmed, Wos, scopus and Rsci was carried out. More than 150 articles devoted to the study of the relationship between metabolic disorders and tumor progression were analyzed, of which 69 were included in this review.

Results. The main strategy of anticancer therapy is to suppress the proliferation of tumor cells and metastasis. However, one should take into consideration a significant role of additional factors that can enhance side effects of anticancer therapy, ensure the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy or change cancer cell metabolic profile. New data recently emerging in the literature indicate an important function of proteins such as t-cadherin and urokinase receptor (upar) and their possible involvement in the regulation of tumor cell metabolism, in particular, sensitivity to insulin and adipose tissue hormones. The review encompasses recent data on the involvement of t-cadherin and upar in the regulation of metabolism and proposes a model explaining the relationship between these proteins and metabolic disorders associated with the processes of carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of cancer cells.

Conclusion. Understanding of the factors and mechanisms that support obesity and metabolic disorders is relevant both for the development of cancer preventive measures and optimization of therapeutic strategies for combating cancer.
ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY DURING CANCER TREATMENT: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Grigoryevskaya Z. V. , Matveev V. B. , Sergeev D. A. , Tereshchenko I. V. , Vinnikova V. D. , Vershinskaya V. A. , Petukhova I. N. , Bagirova N. S. , Dmitrieva N. V.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Penile cancer (pc) is a rare cancer. The standardized incidence rate of pc in russia is 0.82 cases per 100,000 males. On average, 58 % of patients (20–96 %) with pc have a local infection process: tumor decay, the presence of erosion, tumor ulceration, inflammatory changes in regional lymph nodes, etc. During hospitalization nosocomial pathogens may be possible causes of infection in ulcerative lesions.

The aim of the study was to present the results of the treatment of tumor ulcer in a patient with penile cancer infected with multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii and klebsiella pneumoniae.

Material and methods. We present a clinical observation of 54-year-old patient diagnosed with penile cancer pt4n3m0, with ulceration of the tumor, localized at the root of the penis and ulceration of metastatic lymph nodes in the left inguinal region and subsequent infection with highly resistant nosocomial microorganisms.

Results. The patient received 6 courses of paclitaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin with clinical effect, such as significant reduction of the tumor and therapeutic pathomorphosis of 3-rd degree. Then ileo-inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed on the left. A few months later the tumor continued to grow in the left groin area. During the 2nd line of chemotherapy (cisplatin, docetaxel and capecitabine), the patient had grade iii–iv neutropenia, febrile neutropenia. High fever and localized infection in the area of tumor ulceration with multiresistant hospital microorganisms was detected. Combined antibiotic therapy had temporary effect. After isolation of multiresistant carbapenemresistant k. Pneumoniae from the ulcer, the patient was prescribed ceftazidim/avibactam 2.5 g 3 times a day. Clinical effect, such as defervescence and significant reduction of the ulceration zone was seen subsequently.

Conclusion. Etiotropic antibacterial therapy of the infected tumor ulcer resulted in a significant reduction in the manifestation of the infection process, allowing antitumor therapy to be continued, as well as surgery to be performed.
COMBINED TREATMENT OF OPERABLE RECTAL CANCER WITH NEGATIVE PROGNOSIS FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Kochkina S. O. , Gordeyev S. S. , Petrov K. S. , Mammedli Z. Z.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nact) is a potential alternative to chemoradiation therapy (crt) for rectal cancer and may allow early prevention of distant metastasis.

Objective: to study the safety and efficacy of nact for patients with rectal cancer without damage to the mesorectal fascia.

Material and methods. From 2016 to 2019, patients with cancer of the upper ampullar (сmrt2-t4an+m0, cmrt4an0m0), medium ampullar (cmrt3сn0m0, cmrt2n+m0) rectal regions were included in the pilot prospective study. All patients underwent nact according to the capox 4 scheme. Evaluation of the effect was carried out on the basis of mri of the small pelvis. In the case of regression or stabilization, surgery was performed, and in the case of progression, crt was followed by surgery. After surgery, all patients were scheduled for adjuvant chemotherapy for a total duration of 6 months. The primary endpoint was the rate of pathological complete response (mandard trg 1). Secondary endpoints included disease progression, toxicity (nci-ctc v. 5.0), postoperative complications (clavien-dindo), chemotherapy regimen, and long-term treatment outcomes.

Results. 136 patients were included into the study. Of 130 (11 %) patients, who underwent only nact prior to surgery, 15 had pathological complete response. 99 patients (72.8 %) received a full course of chemotherapy for 6 months (nact + adjuvant pct). 6 (4.3 %) patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were treated with crt, 5 (3.67 %) of them due to local progression according to mri data, 1 (0.7 %) due to grade 3 toxicity during 1 course of pct and inability to continue chemotherapy treatment plan. Radiation therapy resulted in partial tumor regression in all patients. Systemic progression was not observed in any patient. Grade iii–iv toxicity was observed in 7 (5.1 %) patients, including bronchospasm (n=2, 1.4 %), thrombocytopenia (n=1, 0.7 %), neutropenia (n=1, 0.7 %), peripheral neuropathy (n=1, 0.7 %), cardiotoxicity (n=1, 0.7 %), diarrhea (n=1, 0.7 %). Grade v toxicity (acute myocardial infarction) was observed in 1 (0.7 %) patient. R0 resection was performed in all cases. Grade iiia postoperative complications occurred in 6 (4.4 %) patients, iiib complications in 5 (3.7 %) patients, and death due to sepsis after postoperative pneumonia in 1 (0.7 %) patient. The frequency of anastomotic leak was 3.6 % (n=5). The median follow-up was 31.4 months, the overall survival (os) and disease-free survival (dfs) rates were 94 % and 92.8 %.

Conclusion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a promising treatment option for rectal cancer patients with negative prognostic factors.
CANCER MORTALITY IN RUSSIA FOR THE PERIOD OF 1965–2019: MAIN STRUCTURAL CHANGES AND TRENDS
Authors: Fattakhov T. A. , Mironova A. A. , Pyankova A. I. , Shahzadova A. O.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Noncommunicable diseases are the cause of the majority of deaths in the world. In the near future, neoplasms will be a leading cause of death and a challenge for an increasing life expectancy in most countries of the world. In this regard, we aimed to analyze the structural changes in cancer mortality in Russia in the period 1965–2019, comparing them with trends in other countries, and to assess the hypothetical gain in life expectancy due to complete eliminating cancer mortality.

Material and methods. We used data on the age-specific mortality rates of the Russian Fertility and mortality database (rusfmd) of the centre of demographic Research of the New economic school (cdr Nes). We also used data from international databases: oecd Health statistics, global who mortality database, european Health for all database and international agency for Research on cancer. The analysis was carried out separately for males and females using decomposition and standardization methods.

Conclusion. During the soviet era, there were no positive changes in the rate and structure of cancer mortality. A decrease in the age-standardized death rate (asdr) was achieved only in the post-soviet period. However, despite the currently comparable cancer mortality rates in Russia and the eu, Russia is characterized by: a lower total number of deaths; higher asdrs of pediatric cancers; lower average life expectancy; lower five-year survival rate of patients. An increase in the average age at death and five-year survival rate may have a positive effect on an increase in the healthy life expectancy of the Russian population, but may not significantly affect the decrease in the asdr for cancer.  Therefore, these causes of death should not be considered as one of the main reserves for the growth of life expectancy (le), since even its complete elimination in the coming years can provide an increase in life expectancy by no more than 2 years.
EXPRESSION OF THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AND ITS RECEPTORS (VEGFR-1 AND VEGFR-2) IN PRIMARY TUMOR CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL CANCER
Authors: Khochenkov D. A. , Volkova M. I. , Timofeev I. V. , Olshanskaya A. S. , Khochenkova Yu. A. , Solomko E. Sh. , Ashuba S. A. , Matveev V. B.
Published: August 2021

Purpose:to study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf-a) and its receptors (vegfr-1 and vegfr-2) in renal cell carcinoma (rcc) cells and assess the effect of the expression levels of these markers on the tumor characteristics and prognosis of patients with rcc.

Material and methods. The study included 65 patients with rcc (pt1a-t4n0/+m0/+). All patients underwent radical surgery. Histological tumor tissue samples obtained during surgery were used for the study. Expression of vegfa, vegfr-1, -2 was studied by immunohistochemical staining using appropriate antibodies to receptors and growth factors.

Results.Expression of vegf and vegfr-1 and vegfr-2 receptors was ound in the cytoplasm and on the membrane of primary tumor cells of patients with rcc. There was a significant direct correlation of overexpression of the markers with g 3-4 anaplasia (vegfr-1, -2) and signs of significant tumor extension, including high pt category (vegfr-1, -2), larger size of the primary tumor (vegfr-1 , -2), tumor invasion of paranephria (vegf, vegfr-1), tumor venous thrombosis (vegfr-1, -2), multiple metastases (vegf-2), metastases in the adrenal gland (vegf, vegfr-2) and liver (vegfr-1) (p<0.05). There was a trend towards a significant effect of the level of vegf expression on the risk of progression of rcc after cytoreductive nephrectomy (p=0.0821). A tendency towards a significant effect of the level of vegfr-2 expression on the risk of death from rcc was revealed (p=0.089). No other relationships between the expression of vegf-a/vegfr-1, -2 and the prognosis of rcc were found (p>0.05).

Conclusion. Expression of vegfa, as well as vegfr-1 and vegfr-2 receptors, was found on the surface and in the cytoplasm of cells of the primary tumor of patients with rcc (pt1a-t4n0/+m0/+). There was a significant correlation between vegf/vegfr overexpression with a high grade (g3-4) tumor anaplasia and significant tumor extension. In univariate analysis, a significant adverse effect on specific survival of vegfr-2 overexpression was observed. In regression analysis, vegfr-2 overexpression tended to independently affect specific survival. These results show the importance of vegf/vegfr expression as biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma.
CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES BASED ON ALUMINUM OXIDE AND HYDROXIDE PHASES IN RELATION TO TUMOR CELLS
Authors: Lozhkomoev A. S. , Bakina O. V. , Kazantsev S. O. , Ivanova L. Yu. , Avgustinovich A. V. , Afanasyev S. G. , Spirina L. V. , Dobrodeev A. Yu.
Published: August 2021

Background. Currently, the use of nanoparticles and nanostructures as components of tumor therapy is the subject of numerous scientific articles. To change the parameters of cell microenvironment in presence of nanoparticles and nanostructures is a promising approach to reducing the tumor cell viability. Aluminum hydroxides and oxides have a number of advantages over other particles due to their porous surface, low toxicity, and thermal stability.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of the acid-base properties of aluminum hydroxide structures with different phase composition on the tumor cell viability (Hela, mda, pymt, a549, B16F10).

Material and methods. Aln/al nanoparticles were used as a precursor for obtaining structures with various phase compositions. The anoparticles were produced by electric explosion of an aluminum wire in a nitrogen atmosphere. Such nanoparticles interact with water at 60 °Ϲ, resulting in formation of porous nanostructures. They are agglomerates of nanosheets with a planar size of up to 200 nm and a thickness of 5 nm. The phase composition of the structures was varied by the calcination temperature. A change in the phase composition of nanostructures led to a change in the acid-base properties of their surface. To estimate the number of acidic and basic centers on the surface of nanostructures, the adsorption of Hammett indicators was used. The amount of adsorbed dyes was determined spectrophotometrically.

Results. It was found that the differences in the acid-base characteristics of the surface of the nanostructures led to a change in their antitumor activity. Γ-al2o3 had 6.5 times more basic centers than acidic ones, which determined its ability to exhibit more pronounced antacid properties, i.e. Longer to neutralize protons secreted by tumor cells. This sample had the highest antitumor activity against all tested cell lines.

Conclusion. The antitumor activity of synthesized structures was found to be related not only to an increase in the ph of the cell microenvironment, but also to the ability to maintain the alkalinity of the microenvironment for a longer time due to the adsorption of protons released by tumor cells.
RADIATION-INDUCED TOXICITY IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS TREATED WITH TRASTUZUMAB-BASED CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Karabut R. Yu. , Vazhenin A. V. , Mozerova E. Y. , Sarycheva M. M. , Lozhkov A. A. , Maksimovskaya A. Yu. , Timokhina D. M.
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study was to determine and analyze the most significant risk factors for developing cardiac, pulmonary and skin toxicities among patients who received concurrent radiation therapy and chemotherapy with trastuzumab.

Material and methods. The study included 66 patients with histologically verified invasive intermediate or low-grade breast carcinoma, who received radiation therapy and chemotherapy with trastuzumab from 2018 to 2019. The average age of the patients was 53.1 ± 4.2 years. Locally advanced stage iii a and iii b breast cancer was the most common (52 %) followed by stage ii a and ii b cancer (36 %). The lvef of all patients was ≥50 %. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with anthracyclines and/or taxanes. Radiation-induced side effects were assessed using the rtog/eortc scoring criteria. Dose-volume histogram (dvh) of radiotherapy planning was matched to the quantec criteria.

Results. Radiation-induced pulmonitis was observed in 2 patients within 2 to 6 months after the completion of radiation therapy. A 10 % reduction in lvef was observed in 3 patients, while a 20 % decrease in ef was not found. Long qt syndrome was observed in 3 patients, and it was accompanied by clinical manifestations in 2 patients. When evaluating the echo-cg protocols after treatment, normal lv diastolic function was recorded in 39 patients, moderate diastolic dysfunction (lv dd) in 27, and 1 patient had severe lv dd. When assessing the dose received by the lv myocardium, the excess of the average dose to the myocardium was present both on the left and on the right. Only in 16 % of cases, left myocardial irradiation met criterion v 25. Clinically, arrhythmias, unstable angina pectoris, and other manifestations of coronary artery disease were mostly observed among patients with left-sided breast cancer. Significant factors for the development of cardiotoxicity were left-sided breast cancer, previous chemotherapy with anthracyclines and/or taxanes, as well as myocardial doses. The occurrence of radiation pulmonitis did not show an obvious relationship with any factor, while the body mass index (bmi) of >30 was a significant factor for the occurrence of radiation-induced skin damage.

Conclusion. The combination of radiation therapy and trastuzumab was associated with an acceptable risk of cardiotoxicity. Monitoring of the cardiovascular system parameters during treatment and detection of early signs of cardiotoxicity were shown to be of great importance.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT PEOPLE WITH FLUENCY DISORDER
Authors:   Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Radonjić Isidora , Dobrota Davidovića Nada ,   Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Radulovića Danka ,   Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Otaševića Jadranka ,   Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Šosterb Darinka ,   Institute of Psychophysiological Disorders and Speech Pathology “Prof. Dr. Cvetko Brajović”, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Davidović Dragomir ,   Clinic for psychiatric diseases “Dr Laza Lazarević”, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to test the thesis that adults who stutter differ from those without this disorder by lower birth weight and in terms of personality dimensions, as well as the assertion that prevalence of stuttering is far higher among males.Total sample consisted of 108 subjects, aged 18 - 50, whereby subsamples consisted of 54 subjects, equaled in gender and age. The Personality Inventory NEO PI_R (S/A form) was used to examine basic personality dimensions (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness). The correlation between the gender and stuttering has been established, but no differences have been found between the birth weights or in terms of basic personality characteristics. Further examinations are needed but such should be applied to larger representative samples, using more progressive data processing methodology
WORKING WITH PUPILS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENTS IN AN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPEТENCES
Authors:   College of Social Work, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Stepanović Saša , Živković Jelena ,   College of Social Work, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
Published: August 2021

Hearing impairment, which belongs to the group of sensory impairments, represents a permanent lowered sensitivity to sound which can have a wide range of consequences on children’s life. Complete and adequate inclusion of children with hearing impairments in the educational system requires a reconsideration of the traditional approach and a reorganization of the whole teaching process. The concept of an inclusive education requires providing support and the quality of education for every pupil, regardless of their impairments or disabilities, i.e. differences from the majority of pupils. For the purpose of movement towards these goals, this article discusses some important aspects of inclusion of pupils with hearing impairment by literature review, starting from their physical and psychological characteristics. The role of the teacher and the social environment is examined, and certain technical and pedagogical recommendations are made in working with these children.
PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES OF INTERPROFESSIONAL WORK IN INSTITUTIONS FOR THE ELDERLY
Authors:   Department of Social Work, Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Gadžo-Šašić Sabira , Ristić Ivana ,   College of Social Work, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: August 2021

The main characteristic of the 21st century is the increase in the number of third-age persons in the total human population of the world. Therefore, it is an imperative to create new modes and to improve existing modes of assistance and support to this group of people. This paper specifically seeks to draw attention to possible directions for the development of care services for the elderly. The tasks of the professionals (social workers and occupational therapists), working in institutions for the permanent placement/accommodation and care of the elderly, were also analyzed. In addition to the above-mentioned, the status of the elderly population in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia hasbeen reviewed.
WHICH VARIETIES OF ARABIC TO LEARN?
Authors:   Department of Oriental Studies, Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Mitrovic Andjelka
Published: August 2021

Teaching Arabic as a foreign language is very specific for different reasons. The main obstacle in searching for the optimal and effective teaching model for the Arabic language is the pronounced diglossia, a situation in which two languages or two forms of a language are used simultaneously under different conditions, formal and functional in a community, that is to say “higher“ literary/standard Arabic and a “lower one“ which encompasses numerous regional dialects. As a foreign language, Arabic has been taught all over the world, primarily at the university level, but the priority has always been given to a “higher language“. It is also dominant in teaching nowadays but in creating curricula for teaching Arabic, more attention has been paid to relating the opposites of diglossia with the main speech dialects.
Light-Assisted Batch Injection Analysis of Glucose Exploiting a p-n-Homojunction Based on Cu2O
Authors: Cardoso Elenilse , de Menezes Alan , dos Santos Clenilton , Luz Rita de Cássia , Damos Flávio
Published: August 2021

This work describes the development of a photoelectrochemical sensor for glucose quantification exploiting a light assisted-batch injection analysis (BIA) cell. A light-emitting diode (LED) lamp was employed to control the incidence of light on the p-Cu2O/n-Cu2O/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) photoactive platform in BIA cell. The p-Cu2O/n-Cu2O/FTO platform was constructed by electrodepositing n-Cu2O and p-Cu2O and the characteristics of electrodeposited Cu2O films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The light assisted-batch injection analysis of glucose based on the illuminated p-Cu2O/n-Cu2O/FTO photoelectrode presented a linear response of 10 μmol L-1-1 mmol L-1, a limit of detection of 4.0 μmol L-1, and sensitivity of 0.768 ± 0.011 μA L μmol-1 cm-2. The system presented an average recovery value of 96% when applied to the determination of glucose in an artificial saliva sample, which indicates that the incidence of light on photoelectroactive platforms is a promising approach for the determination and quantification of glucose.
Johann Gottlieb Fichte as a theologian
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Lukyanov Arkadiy V. , Pushkareva Marina A. ,   Bashkir State University
Published: August 2021

The article examines the philosophical work of Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814) in terms of his theological views. An analysis of Fichte’s accusations of atheism is provided. The paradoxes of “spirit” and “spiritual” in human life itself and in Fichte’s own doctrine of religion are considered. A creative reconstruction is carried out for those parts of “science”, where the productivity of the very idea of theology and philosophy of religion is presented. The article investigates the theoretical implications of the idea of Fichte’s “I” and, on the basis of the inclusion of historical and philosophical generalizations, the so-called “pre-Fichte” criticism of I.Kant. The relevance of the philosophy of Fichte’s religion is revealed and its connection with the modern era is investigated. The thesis that theology is the science of the Absolute as the subject of a person’s creative search is substantiated. Also, the article supports the creative productivity of the very idea of theology and philosophy of religion. The authors compare the views of K.Forberg and Fichte. God, according to Forberg, is the regulatory principle of ethics, and religion itself is not a theory, but the duty of a moral person. But man, according to Fichte, is not called upon to create a moral “world order”. On the contrary, he himself is created and supported by it. The work concludes that the time of reason does not cover the entire totality of time. The people are not just the majority of the population, their basis lies in the moral substance. Therefore, one of the main tasks of the state is to develop the humanitarian culture of the people.
Methods of academic theology (pro et contra of Bernard Lonergan)
Authors:   Ss. Cyril and Methodius Theological Institute of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Vasiliev Aleksey
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the development of special aspects of the methodology of academic theology, determined by the internal methods of Orthodox dogmatic theology. The development of methods of theology is becoming an urgent problem of academic theology in the modern Russian educational space in connection with the approval of the Higher Attestation Commission of the new specialty 26.00.01 “Theology”. Taking into account the specifics of the subject of theology as a new academic discipline, problematic questions remain on the applicability of the research methods of the humanities and natural sciences in it. A separate task is to develop our own method of Orthodox theology. The experience of foreign theology includes not only hermeneutical methods, conditioned by textual research, but also epistemological methods conditioned by the research of the meaning and structure of the theological cognition of reality. The foreign experience contains several developments by authors, one of which is the methodological approach of Bernard Lonergan, described in the work Method in Theology. Lonergan’s method has a neo-Thomistic origin, therefore it is not able to reflect the notion fundamental for Orthodox theology — irreducibility of the hypostatic existence of God and man to the existence of the same entities. This is largely due to the Western problem of the Latin theological inculturation of the Eastern concept of “hypostasis”, created on the basis of Greek-language ancient philosophy. However, the humanitarian potential of Lonergan’s method allows the theologian to systematize and structure the sequence of cognitive operations when performing a wide range of theological studies. The principle of hypostasis, which preserves the fullness of Orthodox theology in academic theology, is followed by the method of antinomination of theological judgments, created by Chalcedonian theology to express the hypostatic unity of incompatible entities.
Data filtering methods for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance
Authors: Arabzadeh Rezgar , Grünbacher Daniel Martin , Insam Heribert , Kreuzinger Norbert , Markt Rudolf , Rauch Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

In the case of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic management, wastewater-based epidemiology aims to derive information on the infection dynamics by monitoring virus concentrations in the wastewater. However, due to the intrinsic random fluctuations of the viral signal in wastewater caused by several influencing factors that cannot be determined in detail (e.g. dilutions; number of people discharging; variations in virus excretion; water consumption per day; transport and fate processes in sewer system), the subsequent prevalence analysis may result in misleading conclusions. It is thus helpful to apply data filtering techniques to reduce the noise in the signal. In this paper we investigate 13 smoothing algorithms applied to the virus signals monitored in four wastewater treatment plants in Austria. The parameters of the algorithms have been defined by an optimization procedure aiming for performance metrics. The results are further investigated by means of a cluster analysis. While all algorithms are in principle applicable, SPLINE, Generalized Additive Model and Friedman's Super Smoother are recognized as superior methods in this context (with the latter two having a tendency to over-smoothing). A first analysis of the resulting datasets indicates the positive effect of filtering to the correlation of the viral signal to monitored incidence values.