bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bariatric Surgery and Metabolic Status
Authors: Różańska-Walędziak Anna , Wyszomirski Krzysztof , Kaszuba Małgorzata , Mierzejewska Anna , Skopińska Ewa , Walędziak Maciej
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Obesity is associated with numerous co-morbidities, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Bariatric surgery is the mainstay of treatment for obesity as the only method with confirmed long-term effects in weight reduction and the remission of comorbidities. Postoperative recommendations leading to changes in dietary habits and changes in digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract after bariatric surgery may additionally influence the levels of laboratory parameters that reflect the metabolic and nutritional status. The purpose of the study was to analyze the possible influence of changes in dietary habits after bariatric surgery on those laboratory results that reflect the metabolic and nutritional status. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 88 patients with a history of bariatric surgery. Data were gathered from before the surgery and at 6 months after the surgery and included diet structure and selected laboratory parameters reflecting the metabolic and nutritional status, i.e., levels of fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, proteins, ferrum, ferritin, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin D and calcium, the red blood cell count and the hematocrit. Results: Postoperative festive glucose levels were reduced by 14% and were more significant in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. There was an increase of 22% in concentrations of high-density lipoproteins. Triglyceride concentrations were reduced by 32%. Aminotransferase levels decreased by 43% for alanine aminotransferase and by 14% for aspartate aminotransferase. Among the changes in dietary habits, post-bariatric patients had a reduced consumption of red meat and an increased consumption of fish, milk and dairy products and wholegrain products. Vitamin D and ferrum levels were higher after the surgery, whereas vitamin B12 and folic acid levels remained unchanged. Conclusions: Improved dietary habits of patients after bariatric surgery may lead to changes in laboratory parameters that reflect the ameliorated metabolic and nutritional status of patients after bariatric surgery.
Novel Nipple Reinnervation Technique Using N. Suralis Graft
Authors: Lapiņš Jānis , Polita Beatriz Soares Domingues , Kalniņa Linda , Grucki Michal , Ozols Dzintars , Ģīlis Ansis , Irmejs Arvīds , Gardovskis Jānis , Maksimenko Jeļena
Published: September 2024

Following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), patients commonly experience significant impairment or total loss of nipple sensitivity, which negatively impacts the patients’ quality of life, whereas patients who retain nipple sensation postoperatively experience enhanced physical, psychosocial, and sexual well-being. Reinnervation techniques such as nerve allografting have been utilized to retain sensation. Despite the benefits of nerve allografts, such as lack of donor site morbidity, ease of use, and potentially shorter surgery time, there are shortcomings, such as the cost of commercially available acellular nerve allografts, and, most importantly, decreased sensory and motor function recovery for acellular nerve allografts with a diameter greater than 3 mm or a length greater than 50 mm. We present a technique where we performed immediate implant-based breast reconstruction combined with nipple–areola complex reinnervation using an autologous nerve graft. Following the procedure, the patient had improved sensory outcomes in the reconstructed breast and good quality-of-life indices. This report highlights the potential for sural nerve autografts in restoring breast sensation following mastectomy.
Oncologic Outcomes after Percutaneous Ablation for Colorectal Liver Metastases: An Updated Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chlorogiannis David-Dimitris , Sotirchos Vlasios S. , Sofocleous Constantinos T.
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality, with liver metastases occurring in over a third of patients, and is correlated with poor prognosis. Despite surgical resection being the primary treatment option, only about 20% of patients qualify for surgery. Current guidelines recommend thermal ablation either alone or combined with surgery to treat limited hepatic metastases, provided that all visible disease can be effectively eradicated. Several ablation modalities, including radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation, irreversible electroporation and histotripsy, are part of the percutaneous ablation armamentarium. Thermal ablation, including radiofrequency, microwave ablation and cryoablation, can offer local tumor control rates comparable to limited resection for selected tumors that can be ablated with margins. This review aims to encapsulate the current clinical evidence regarding the efficacy and oncologic outcomes after percutaneous ablation for the treatment of colorectal liver metastatic disease.
Development of a Short-Term Embolic Agent Based on Cilastatin for Articular Microvessels
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin , Jeon Areum , Kang Eun Kyung , An Wen , Lim So Jung , Shin Kyu Chul , Shin Dong Hun , Hwang Inyoung , Kang Ju Seop
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to develop an embolic agent with short-term embolic effects using cilastatin as the basic material. Materials and Methods: The particle size distribution of 25 mg cilastatin-based short-term embolic agents was evaluated microscopically under three different mixing conditions. A total of thirty-six healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Each group of six rats was injected once into the tail artery with 0.4 mL each of (A) Cilastatin + D-Mannitol Mixture, (B) Iohexol, (C) Prepenem, and (D) embolization promoter (EGgel). Results: A visual inspection of the tail appearance of rats in each group was performed at 0, 3, 7, 15, and 21 days. At weeks 1 and 3, three rats per group were euthanized, and histopathological analyses were performed on the specimens obtained from each group. No significant differences were observed on day 7, but mild inflammation was observed in Group (D) on day 15. Histopathological inflammation scoring of tail central artery embolization was performed using a six-point scale (from 0 = absent to 5 = marked inflammation). Three groups were formed consisting of six male New Zealand white rabbits each: control, positive control, and test groups. The control group received an Iohexol injection (rabbits: 0.8 mL). The positive control and experimental groups were injected with prepenem and cilastatin/D-mannitol compound, respectively (0.8 mL), and vascular angiography was performed. The order of occlusion progression after embolization was as follows: test group, positive control group, and control group. Conclusions: We developed a cilastatin/D-mannitol compound that exhibits characteristics of short-term embolization by utilizing the pharmacokinetic properties of cilastatin and the crystalline material D-mannitol. We evaluated its particle size distribution microscopically, conducted histopathological evaluation including inflammation via animal experiments, and assessed the embolization effect.
Enhanced Osteoporosis Detection Using Artificial Intelligence: A Deep Learning Approach to Panoramic Radiographs with an Emphasis on the Mental Foramen
Authors: Gaudin Robert , Otto Wolfram , Ghanad Iman , Kewenig Stephan , Rendenbach Carsten , Alevizakos Vasilios , Grün Pascal , Kofler Florian , Heiland Max , von See Constantin
Published: September 2024

Osteoporosis, a skeletal disorder, is expected to affect 60% of women aged over 50 years. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, the current gold standard, are typically used post-fracture, highlighting the need for early detection tools. Panoramic radiographs (PRs), common in annual dental evaluations, have been explored for osteoporosis detection using deep learning, but methodological flaws have cast doubt on otherwise optimistic results. This study aims to develop a robust artificial intelligence (AI) application for accurate osteoporosis identification in PRs, contributing to early and reliable diagnostics. A total of 250 PRs from three groups (A: osteoporosis group, B: non-osteoporosis group matching A in age and gender, C: non-osteoporosis group differing from A in age and gender) were cropped to the mental foramen region. A pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier was used for training, testing, and validation with a random split of the dataset into subsets (A vs. B, A vs. C). Detection accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. The method achieved an F1 score of 0.74 and an AUC of 0.8401 (A vs. B). For young patients (A vs. C), it performed with 98% accuracy and an AUC of 0.9812. This study presents a proof-of-concept algorithm, demonstrating the potential of deep learning to identify osteoporosis in dental radiographs. It also highlights the importance of methodological rigor, as not all optimistic results are credible.
Electroless Deposition for Robust and Uniform Copper Nanoparticles on Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Microfiltration Membranes
Authors: Aminu Temitope Q. , Juybari Hamid Fattahi , Warsinger David M. , Bahr David F.
Published: September 2024

Filtration membranes coated in metals such as copper have dramatically improved biofouling resistance and pathogen destruction. However, existing coating methods on polymer membranes impair membrane performance, lack uniformity, and may detach from their substrate, thus contaminating the permeate. To solve these challenges, we developed the first electroless deposition protocol to immobilize copper nanoparticles on electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers for the design of antimicrobial membranes. The deposition was facilitated by prior silver seeding. Distinct mats with average fiber diameters of 232 ± 36 nm, 727 ± 148 nm and 1017 ± 80 nm were evaluated for filtration performance. Well-dispersed copper nanoparticles were conformal to the fibers, preserving the open-cell architecture of the membranes. The copper particle sizes ranged from 20 to 140 nm. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the PAN fiber mats’ relative chemical stability/resistance to the copper metallization process. In addition, the classical cyclization of the cyano functional group in PAN was observed. For model polystyrene beads with average sizes of 3 μm, Cu NP–PAN fiber mats had high water flux and separation efficiency with negligible loss of Cu NP from the fibers during flow testing. Fiber size increased flux and somewhat decreased separation efficiency, though the efficiency values were still high.
A Novel Modeling Optimization Approach for a Seven-Channel Titania Ceramic Membrane in an Oily Wastewater Filtration System Based on Experimentation, Full Factorial Design, and Machine Learning
Authors: Echakouri Mohamed , Henni Amr , Salama Amgad
Published: September 2024

This comprehensive study looks at how operational conditions affect the performance of a novel seven-channel titania ceramic ultrafiltration membrane for the treatment of produced water. A full factorial design experiment (23) was conducted to study the effect of the cross-flow operating factors on the membrane permeate flux decline and the overall permeate volume. Eleven experimental runs were performed for three important process operating variables: transmembrane pressure (TMP), crossflow velocity (CFV), and filtration time (FT). Steady final membrane fluxes and permeate volumes were recorded for each experimental run. Under the optimized conditions (1.5 bar, 1 m/s, and 2 h), the membrane performance index demonstrated an oil rejection rate of 99%, a flux of 297 L/m2·h (LMH), a 38% overall initial flux decline, and a total permeate volume of 8.14 L. The regression models used for the steady-state membrane permeate flux decline and overall permeate volume led to the highest goodness of fit to the experimental data with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. A Multiple Linear Regression method and an Artificial Neural Network approach were also employed to model the experimental membrane permeate flux decline and analyze the impact of the operating conditions on membrane performance. The predictions of the Gaussian regression and the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation method were validated with a determination coefficient of 99% and a Mean Square Error of 0.07.
Effect of Ball Milling Parameters on Properties of Nano-Sized Tungsten Powder via Mechanochemical Processing
Authors: Li Feng , Zhang Guihang , Zheng Pengfei , Qian Wei , Wei Yaxia , Li Bingsheng , Zhang Ming , Zhang Zhijie , Che Tong
Published: September 2024

Nano-sized tungsten exhibits superior properties due to its high-density grain boundaries’ strengthening. The high-quality nano-sized powder is essential for sintering nano-sized tungsten bulks through powder metallurgy techniques. In this study, nano-sized tungsten powder was successfully synthesized by mechanochemical methods using mixed WO3 and Mg powders. The effects of processing parameters on the morphology and microstructure of synthesized powder were thoroughly investigated. The results reveal that the thermite reaction of WO3 and Mg is almost complete after 5 min of ball milling at a speed of 300 rpm. The average grain size of the tungsten powder decreases with the increasing milling duration and speed. Optimal average grain size and purity were achieved at a milling speed of 300 rpm and a milling duration ranging from 30 to 120 min. Moreover, centrifugation sieving further reduces the average grain size of tungsten powder to 19.5 nm. In addition, the entire mechanochemical process can be divided into two stages: the reaction stage and the grain size refinement stage.
Enhancing Wastewater Treatment with Aerobic Granular Sludge: Impacts of Tetracycline Pressure on Microbial Dynamics and Structural Stability
Authors: Zheng Shengyan , Lou Bichen , Yang Zhonghui , Ou Dong , Ai Ning
Published: September 2024

This study evaluated the efficiency of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology in treating wastewater contaminated with tetracycline (TC), a common antibiotic. AGS was cultivated under a TC pressure gradient ranging from 5 mg/L to 15 mg/L and compared with conventional wastewater conditions. The results demonstrated that AGS achieved high removal efficiencies and exhibited robust sedimentation performance, with significant differences in average particle sizes observed under both conditions (618.6 μm in TC conditions vs. 456.4 μm in conventional conditions). Importantly, exposure to TC was found to alter the composition and production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), thereby enhancing the structural integrity and functional stability of the AGS. Additionally, the selective pressure of TC induced shifts in the microbial community composition; Rhodanobacter played a crucial role in EPS production and biological aggregation, enhancing the structural integrity and metabolic stability of AGS, while Candida tropicalis demonstrated remarkable resilience and efficiency in nutrient removal under stressful environmental conditions. These findings underscore the potential of AGS technology as a promising solution for advancing wastewater treatment methods, thus contributing to environmental protection and sustainability amid growing concerns over antibiotic contamination.
The In Vivo Effect of Water-Based Lubricants on the Vaginal Microbiome of Women from Varying Age Groups: Exploratory Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Freixas-Coutin Jose A. , Seo Jin , Hood Sarah , Krychman Michael , Palacios Santiago
Published: September 2024

Vaginal mucosa undergoes physiological changes across the lifespan, such as increased pH and reduced natural lubrication which are known to impact vaginal commensal microorganisms, hence increasing the chances of vaginal infections. An improved understanding of vaginal microbiome composition in different age groups and the effect of social behaviors, such as the use of personal lubricants, could facilitate the development of new strategies to maintain good vaginal health. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of water-based lubricants on the human vaginal microbiome. Fifty females from three age groups (18–29, 30–44, and 45–65 years) with mild-to-moderate vaginal dryness were randomized to one of five lubricants (four of which were formulated to meet expert guidance on osmolality and pH). Subjects entered the study at tolerance or treatment phase (vaginal intercourse minimum once a week using assigned lubricant). Four vaginal swabs per participant were sampled during pre-(“baseline”), post-first (“2 h”, “24 h”) and post-last (“4 weeks”) lubricant application to assess bacterial and fungal diversity via amplicon sequencing. Vaginal pH and relative humidity were measured at baseline, 2 h, and 24 h post-lubricant application. Relative bacteriome abundance was statistically compared between timepoints for each lubricant group. Vaginal moisture, age, BMI, and pH were correlated with bacteriome relative abundance. Lactobacilli and Gardnerella sp. Were predominant across participants. Repeated lubricant application did not significantly alter the vaginal bacteriome during 4 weeks of product use (p > 0.05) when measured by relative abundance and alpha-diversity index. Bacteriome diversity and abundance differed significantly between age groups at baseline whereas lactobacilli relative abundance was negatively associated with age and vaginal pH.
Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Popular Recreational Areas in Tallinn, Estonia: The Underestimated Risk of Tick-Borne Diseases
Authors: Vikentjeva Maria , Geller Julia , Bragina Olga
Published: September 2024

This study reveals a significant presence of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in urban recreational areas of Tallinn, Estonia. During the period of May–June 2018, 815 Ixodes ticks were collected from an area of 11,200 m2 using the flagging method. Tick density reached up to 18.8 ticks per 100 m2, indicating a high concentration of ticks in these urban green spaces. Pathogen analysis demonstrated that 34% of the collected ticks were infected with at least one pathogen. Specifically, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, was detected in 17.4% of the ticks; Rickettsia spp. was detected in 13.5%; Neoehrlichia mikurensis was detected in 5.5%; Borrelia miyamotoi was detected in 2.6%; and Anaplasma phagocytophilum and tick-borne encephalitis virus were detected in 0.5% each. These findings indicate that the prevalence and abundance of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in these urban environments are comparable to or even exceed those observed in natural endemic areas. Given the increasing incidence of Lyme borreliosis in Central and Northern Europe, the risk of tick bites and subsequent infection in urban recreational sites should not be underestimated. Public health measures, including enhanced awareness and precautionary information, are essential to mitigate the risk of tick-borne diseases in these urban settings.
Effect of High-Pressure Processing Treatment on the Physicochemical Properties and Volatile Flavor of Mercenaria mercenaria Meat
Authors: Xue Xingli , Wang Di , Li Min , Li Yongren , Guo Yongjun , Ren Xiaoqing , Li Chunsheng
Published: September 2024

High-pressure processing (HPP) technology can significantly improve the texture and flavor of Mercenaria mercenaria. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HPP treatment with varying levels of pressure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 MPa) and a holding time of 8 min at 20 °C on the physicochemical properties and volatile flavors of M. mercenaria. The significant changes in hardness, resilience, and water holding capacity occurred with increasing pressure (p < 0.05), resulting in improved meat quality. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe the decomposition of muscle fibers in M. mercenaria due to varying pressures, which explains the differences in texture of M. mercenaria. Different pressure treatments also had an influence on the volatile flavor of M. mercenaria, and the quantities of low-molecular-weight aldehydes (hexanal, heptanal, and nonanal) with a fishy taste decreased dramatically following 400 and 500 MPa HPP treatments. Furthermore, the level of 2-Methylbutyraldehyde, which is related to sweetness, increased significantly following 400 MPa HPP treatment. The study found that 400 MPa HPP treatment resulted in minor nutrient losses and enhanced sensory quality. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the application of HPP treatment to M. mercenaria.
Some Aspects and Convergence of Human and Veterinary Drug Repositioning
Authors: Mag Patrik , Nemes-Terényi Melinda , Jerzsele Ákos , Mátyus Péter
Published: September 2024

Drug innovation traditionally follows a de novo approach with new molecules through a complex preclinical and clinical pathway. In addition to this strategy, drug repositioning has also become an important complementary approach, which can be shorter, cheaper, and less risky. This review provides an overview of drug innovation in both human and veterinary medicine, with a focus on drug repositioning. The evolution of drug repositioning and the effectiveness of this approach are presented, including the growing role of data science and computational modeling methods in identifying drugs with potential for repositioning. Certain business aspects of drug innovation, especially the relevant factors of market exclusivity, are also discussed. Despite the promising potential of drug repositioning for innovation, it remains underutilized, especially in veterinary applications. To change this landscape for mutual benefits of human and veterinary drug innovation, further exploitation of the potency of drug repositioning is necessary through closer cooperation between all stakeholders, academia, industry, pharmaceutical authorities, and innovation policy makers, and the integration of human and veterinary repositioning into a unified innovation space. For this purpose, the establishment of the conceptually new “One Health Drug Repositioning Platform” is proposed. Oncology is one of the disease areas where this platform can significantly support the development of new drugs for human and dog (or other companion animals) anticancer therapies. As an example of the utilization of human and veterinary drugs for veterinary repositioning, the use of COX inhibitors to treat dog cancers is reviewed.
Graphene-Based Dual-Band Metasurface Absorber with High Frequency Ratio
Authors: Cao Anjie , Chen Nengfu , Zhu Weiren , Chen Zhansheng
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we propose a novel dual-band metasurface absorber with a high frequency ratio based on graphene. By carefully designing a centrally symmetrical graphene pattern and positioning it on a glass medium, while utilizing ITO as a ground, the metasurface absorber achieves remarkable high frequency ratio microwave absorption. Specifically, this metasurface absorber exhibits two distinct resonance points at 3.7 GHz and 14 GHz, with an impressive frequency ratio over 3.5. It achieves over 90% absorption efficiency in the frequency ranges of 3.5–4.5 GHz and 13.5–14.5 GHz, highlighting its capability to effectively absorb microwaves across widely spaced frequency bands. Furthermore, the metasurface absorber demonstrates optical transparency and polarization insensitivity, adding to its versatility and potential applications. The measured results of the fabricated prototype validate its design and potential for practical use.
The Fabrication of Gold Nanostructures as SERS Substrates for the Detection of Contaminants in Water
Authors: Visbal Cristhian A. , Cervantes Wilkendry Ramos , Marín Lorena , Betancourt John , Pérez Angélica , Diosa Jesús E. , Rodríguez Luis Alfredo , Mosquera-Vargas Edgar
Published: September 2024

Gold nanostructures (AuNSs) were used to fabricate surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates. These AuNSs were produced using the solid-state dewetting method from thin films. The fragmentation process was studied at 300 °C, with durations of thermal treatment of 1, 3, 6, and 12 h. These SERS substrates were then employed to detect Rhodamine B (RhB) as the model analyte, simulating a contaminant in the water at a concentration of 5 ppm. The morphology of the AuNSs was examined using SEM, which revealed a spheroidal shape that began to coalesce at 12 h. The size of the AuNSs was estimated to range from 22 ± 7 to 24 ± 6 nm, depending on the annealing time. The localized surface plasmon resonance of the AuNSs was determined using absorption spectroscopy, showing a shift as the annealing time increased. The SERS signals of RhB adsorbed on the AuNS substrates were validated by performing a 10 × 10 point map scan over each sample surface (1, 3, 6, and 12 h), and a comparative analysis showed no significant differences in the positions of the bands; however, variations in intensity enhancement ranged from 5 to 123 times at 6 and 1 h, respectively.
Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles with Borojó (Borojoa patinoi) Extracts and Their Application in As Removal in Water Matrix
Authors: Murgueitio Herrera Erika , Jacome Gissela , Stael Carina , Arroyo Geovanna , Izquierdo Andrés , Debut Alexis , Delgado Patricio , Montalvo Gemma
Published: September 2024

The predominant aim of the current research was to generate a proposal for the removal of arsenic, a highly toxic pollutant, encountered within the Papallacta Lagoon in Ecuador. The average concentrations of As yielded ranges between 18 to 652 μg/L, through the use of metallic nanoparticles. Sampling was performed in the lagoon with their respective geographic locations and “in situ” parameters. Nanoparticles of Mn3O4 NPs, Fe3O4 NPs, and CuO NPs were synthesized at a 0.5 M concentration, using the precipitation method, and borojó (Borojoa patinoi) extract was added as an anti-caking agent as well as antioxidant. The nanoparticles were characterized by visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. After arsenic removal treatment using nanoparticles, a randomized experimental design of different concentrations (5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 150 mg/L) was applied at laboratory level. The average diameter of Fe3O4NPs ranged from 9 nm to 36 nm, Mn3O4 NPs were 15–20 nm, and CuO NPs ranged from 25 nm to 30 nm. Arsenic removal percentages using Fe3O4 NPs with a concentration of 150 mg/L was 87%; with Mn3O4 NPs, the removal was 70% and CuO NPs of about 63.5%. Finally, these nanoparticles could be used in a water treatment plant for the Papallacta Lagoon.
Silver Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review of Synthesis Methods and Chemical and Physical Properties
Authors: Duman Hatice , Eker Furkan , Akdaşçi Emir , Witkowska Anna Maria , Bechelany Mikhael , Karav Sercan
Published: September 2024

Recently, silver nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention for being highly desirable nanomaterials in scientific studies as a result of their extraordinary characteristics. They are widely known as effective antibacterial agents that are capable of targeting a wide range of pathogens. Their distinct optical characteristics, such as their localized surface plasmon resonance, enlarge their utilization, particularly in the fields of biosensing and imaging. Also, the capacity to control their surface charge and modify them using biocompatible substances offers improved durability and specific interactions with biological systems. Due to their exceptional stability and minimal chemical reactivity, silver NPs are highly suitable for a diverse array of biological applications. These NPs are produced through chemical, biological, and physical processes, each of which has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Chemical and physical techniques often encounter issues with complicated purification, reactive substances, and excessive energy usage. However, eco-friendly biological approaches exist, even though they require longer processing times. A key factor affecting the stability, size distribution, and purity of the NPs is the synthesis process selected. This review focuses on how essential it is to choose the appropriate synthesis method in order to optimize the characteristics and use of silver NPs.
Plantago Species Show Germination Improvement as a Function of Nitrate and Temperature
Authors: Teixeira António , Iannetta Pietro P. M. , Toorop Peter E.
Published: September 2024

At the optimum temperature, which is the ideal range in which seeds germinate most efficiently, seed germination may be lower than expected under favorable conditions, and this is indicative of seed dormancy. Also, germination may be enhanced by additional and interacting factors, such as nitrate and light. However, little is known about the interplay between temperature, nitrate, and seed germination. Using seeds from 22 accessions of four Plantago species that occupy distinct pedoclimates, we applied a factorial experimental design to assess the relationship between exogenously applied nitrate (KNO3) and temperature on germination in a Petri dish experiment. The data explore the relationship between seed germination, temperatures, and seed- and maternal-source soil N content as either nitrite (NO2−), nitrate (NO3−), or ammonium (NH4+). The interpretation also considered the total N and C contents of seeds, and the soil of the maternal plant (of the test seed) sources. Significant interspecific effects of nitrate and temperature on seed germination were observed. The capacity of nitrate to enhance final germination may be diminished substantially at supra-optimum temperatures, e.g., P. lagopus germination at 15 °C was 7% lower than that seen for water-only treatment. In contrast, at sub-optimum and alternating temperatures, nitrate enhanced final germination differentially across the species tested. This suggests a shift to enhanced germination at lower temperatures in the presence of sufficient soil nitrate, facilitating seedling establishment earlier in the growing season. The seeds of some Plantago species showed increased germination as a function of nitrate and temperature, particularly those of P. lagopus. The findings indicate that species (and genotype) responses correlated with the prevailing temperature and rainfall patterns of the locality; such local adaptation would ensure that seed germination and establishment occur during a period when environmental conditions are optimal.
Influence of Body Composition Assessed by Computed Tomography on Mortality Risk in Young Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: de Lima Bezerra Agnes Denise , da Costa Pereira Jarson Pedro , de Macedo Soares Ingryd Fernandes , Ferreira Glaucia Mardrini Cassiano , Miranda Ana Lúcia , de Medeiros Galtieri Otávio Cunha , Verde Sara Maria Moreira Lima , Fayh Ana Paula Trussardi
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Increasing evidence indicates that body composition can significantly influence prognosis in women with breast cancer. However, alterations in body composition, particularly among young women (<40 years), remain largely unknown and underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition with mortality rates among young women recently diagnosed with breast cancer, identifying the best-correlated cutoff value. Methods: This is a bi-set cohort study with retrospective data collection. Women newly diagnosed with ductal invasive breast cancer, aged 20 to 40 years, treated in reference oncology units were included. Body composition was assessed using CT scans at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level, including muscle and adipose compartments. The outcome of interest was the incidence of overall mortality. A maximally selected log-rank Cox-derived analysis was employed to assess the cutoffs associated with mortality. Results: A total of 192 women were included before any form of treatment (median age of 35 years, IQ range: 31–37). Overall mortality occurred in 12% of the females. Stages III–IV were the most frequent (69.5%). Patients who died had a significantly lower muscle area index. CT-derived muscle area was inversely associated with mortality. Each 1 cm2/m2 decrease in skeletal muscle index increased the mortality hazard by 9%. Higher values of adiposity compartments were independently associated with higher mortality. Conclusions: Our study highlights the predictive significance of skeletal muscle area and adipose tissue in predicting survival among young women recently diagnosed with breast cancer.
The Combination Effect of the Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Prognostic Nutrition Index on the Prognosis in Patients Undergoing PCI
Authors: Huo Likun , Zhao Wenjuan , Ji Xiang , Chen Kangyin , Liu Tong
Published: September 2024

Background: Inflammation and malnutrition are related to adverse clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether there is a relationship between the PNI (prognostic nutritional index) and RDW (red blood cell distribution width) regarding the impact on the prognosis in patients with CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 5605 consecutive CAD patients undergoing PCI were selected retrospectively. The patients were stratified into four groups according to the PNI [high PNI (H-PNI) and low PNI (L-PNI)] and RDW [high RDW (H-RDW) and low RDW (L-RDW)]. The cutoff values of RDW and PNI were calculated using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. The primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality (ACM). The secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), the composite of cardiac death (CD), the recurrence of MI, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stroke. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between the PNI, RDW, and clinical endpoints. Results: During 1-year follow-up, 235 (4.19%) patients died. In multivariate regression analysis, the L-PNI/H-RDW group was found to have the highest risk of 1-year ACM [hazard ratio (HR) = 8.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.96–13.15, p = 0.020] with the H-PNI/L-RDW group as a reference, followed by the L-PNI/L-RDW (HR = 3.96, 95% CI: 2.60–6.00, p < 0.001) and H-RDW/H-PNI groups (HR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.99–4.50, p < 0.001). Nomograms were developed to predict the probability of 1-year ACM and MACCEs. Conclusions: CAD patients with L-PNI and H-RDW experienced the worst prognosis. The combination of PNI and RDW was a strong predictor of 1-year ACM. The coexistence of PNI and RDW appears to have a synergistic effect, providing further information for the risk stratification of CAD patients.
Impact of a Pulse-Enriched Human Cuisine on Functional Attributes of the Gut Microbiome Using a Preclinical Model of Dietary-Induced Chronic Diseases
Authors: Lutsiv Tymofiy , Neil Elizabeth S. , McGinley John N. , Didinger Chelsea , Fitzgerald Vanessa K. , Weir Tiffany L. , Hussan Hisham , Hartman Terryl J. , Thompson Henry J.
Published: September 2024

Introducing grain legumes, i.e., pulses, into any food pattern effectively increases dietary fiber and other bioactive food components of public health concern; however, the impact depends on the amount consumed. Given the convergence of preclinical and clinical data indicating that intake of at least 300 g (1.5 cup) of cooked pulse per day has clinically observable benefit, the feasibility for a typical consumer was demonstrated by creation of a fourteen-day menu plan that met this criterion. This menu plan, named Bean Cuisine, was comprised of a combination of five cooked pulses: dry beans, chickpeas, cowpeas, dry peas, and lentils. As reported herein, the impact of each menu day of the fourteen-day plan on gut microbial composition and predicted function was evaluated in female C57BL/6J mice, a strain commonly used in studies of metabolic dysfunction-associated chronic diseases. We report that pulse-related effects were observed across a wide variety of food item combinations. In comparison to a pulse-free human cuisine, all pulse menu days enriched for a gut ecosystem were associated with changes in predicted metabolic pathways involving amino acids (lysine, tryptophan, cysteine), short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, acetate), and vitamins (B1, B6, B9, B12, K2) albeit via different combinations of microbiota, according to the PICRUSt2 estimates. The predicted metabolic functions correlating with the various pulses in the menus, indicate the value of a food pattern comprised of all pulse types consumed on a regular basis. This type of multi-pulse food pattern has the potential to enhance the taxonomic and functional diversity of the gut microbiome as a means of strengthening the resilience of the gut ecosystem to the challenges associated with the daily activities of living.
The Multifaceted Aspects of Clinical Nutrition—An Introduction to Hot Topics in Clinical Nutrition (2nd Edition)
Authors: Rinninella Emanuele , Ceci Costanza , Gasbarrini Antonio
Published: September 2024

Clinical nutrition plays a pivotal role in several areas of medicine and has a significant impact on patient outcomes in both acute and chronic conditions [...]
Antineoplastic Activity of Sodium Caseinate in a Cytarabine-Resistant Mouse Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line
Authors: Aguiñiga-Sánchez Itzen , Ledesma-Martínez Edgar , Vázquez-Guerrero Mariana , Hernández-Álvarez David , Velasco-García Amanda , Rodríguez-Terán Katia Michell , Romero-Trejo Daniel , Mendoza-Núñez Víctor Manuel , Macías-Zaragoza Víctor Manuel , Santiago-Osorio Edelmiro
Published: September 2024

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological neoplasm of rapid and progressive onset, and is the most common form of leukemia in adults. Chemoresistance to conventional treatments such as cytarabine (Ara-C) and daunorubicin is a main cause of relapse, recurrence, metastasis, and high mortality in AML patients. It is known that sodium caseinate (SC), a salt derived from casein, a milk protein, inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells but not in normal hematopoietic cells. However, it is unknown whether SC retains its antileukemic effect in cytarabine-resistant AML cell lines. Objective: To evaluate the antineoplastic effect of SC in cytarabine-resistant leukemia models. Methods: The SC inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis in parental WEHI-3 AML cells. Here, we generated two cytarabine-resistant sublines, WEHI-CR25 and WEHI-CR50, which exhibit 6- and 16-fold increased resistance to cytarabine, respectively, compared to the parental WEHI-3 cells. Thus, these sublines mimic a chemoresistant model. Results: We demonstrate that WEHI-CR25 and WEHI-CR50 cells retain sensitivity to SC, similar to parental WEHI-3 cells. This sensitivity results in inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and increased expression of ENT1 and dCK, molecules involved in the entry and metabolism of Ara-C, while decreasing MDR1 expression. Additionally, we observed that SC prolonged the survival of WEHI-CR50 tumor-bearing mice, despite their resistance to Ara-C. Conclusion: This is the first evidence that SC, a milk protein, may inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in cytarabine-resistant cells.
Implementing Best Practice Guidelines under the Best Practice Spotlight Organisation: Facilitators and Barriers for Nurses: A Delphi Study
Authors: Rivas-González Noel , Martín-Gil Belén , Fernández-Castro Mercedes
Published: September 2024

The implementation and sustainability of evidence-based practice (EBP) is a complex process. Best practice guidelines (BPGs) can facilitate the translation of knowledge from theory into practice, but they require working groups to adapt recommendations and encourage adherence to them. The aim of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers of BPGs in the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario®, within the framework of Best Practice Spotlight Organisations® (BPSOs®), in a hospital setting. Methods: This study was conducted using the modified Delphi method (two rounds) with a cohort of BPSO® Best Practice Champions. The facilitators and barriers included in the first round were identified through a bibliographic search. The degree of concordance was determined in the second round using the highest mean resulting values. Results: A total of 44 nurses responded, with a mean age of 42.57 ± 8.563. The facilitators included the following: work environment; working in a hospital that encourages research; and dedicating time to EBP (p < 0.001). The barriers included the following: excessive workload; professional mobility (p < 0.001); and lack of time (p = 0.002). Implications for practice: As such, it is necessary to approach human resource management by implementing new policies that guarantee systemic sustainability. The BPSO® programme is an excellent framework for promoting the translation of theoretical knowledge into practice and effecting institutional change.
Bone Loss and Fractures in Post-Menopausal Women Living with HIV: A Narrative Review
Authors: Jamshaid Maryam , Heidari Amirmohammad , Hassan Ahmed , Mital Dushyant , Pearce Oliver , Panourgia Maria , Ahmed Mohamed H.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Post-menopausal women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (WLHIV) face an increased risk of bone fractures due to the relationship between HIV-related factors and menopause. This narrative review aims to summarise the current knowledge about fracture risk among post-menopausal WLHIV in particular looking at hormonal changes, combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), lifestyle factors, and psychosocial implications. We also profiled a summary of the significant, recent studies of post-menopausal WLHIV residing in low-income countries (LIC). Methods: A thorough search of the literature was performed across PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focussing on studies published between 2000 and 2024. Inclusion criteria entailed original research, reviews, and meta-analyses addressing bone mineral density (BMD), fracture incidence, and related risk factors in post-menopausal WLHIV. Results: The review identified 223 relevant studies. Post-menopausal WLHIV exhibit significantly lower BMD and higher fracture rates compared to both HIV-negative post-menopausal women and pre-menopausal WLHIV. cART, particularly tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), contributes to reduced BMD. Menopausal status exacerbates this risk through decreased oestrogen levels, leading to increased bone resorption. Moreover, lifestyle choices such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and low physical activity are more prevalent in PWHIV, which further elevates fracture risk. Different psychosocial factors may make WLWHIV more vulnerable at this stage of their life, such as depression, isolation, stigma, and housing and nutritional issues. Women living in LICs face a variety of challenges in accessing HIV care. There are gaps in research related to the prevalence of osteoporosis and bone loss in post-menopausal WLHIV in LICs. Conclusion: Post-menopausal women living with HIV face a significantly higher risk of bone loss and fractures due to the combined effects of HIV and menopause. Antiretroviral therapy (particularly TDF), lifestyle factors, and psychosocial challenges exacerbate this risk. There is a need for careful selection of cART, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and emerging treatments such as Abaloparatide. A holistic approach including lifestyle changes and psychosocial support is crucial to reduce fracture risk in WLHIV, especially in low-income countries.
Facile Synthesis of N-(4-Bromo-3-methylphenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide Derivatives, Their Antibacterial Activities against Clinically Isolated XDR S. Typhi, Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitor Activities, and Docking Studies
Authors: Khan Abdul Hannan , Bilal Muhammad , Mahmood Abid , Rasool Nasir , Qamar Muhammad Usman , Imran Muhammad , Toma Sebastian Ionut , Andreescu Oana
Published: September 2024

The emergence of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi (XDR-S. Typhi) poses a grave public health threat due to its resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. This resistance significantly complicates treatment options, underscoring the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we synthesized pyrazine carboxamides (3, 5a–5d) in good yields through the Suzuki reaction. Afterward, we evaluate their antibacterial activities against XDR-S. Typhi via the agar well diffusion method; 5d has the strongest antibacterial activity with MIC 6.25 (mg/mL). Moreover, in vitro Alkaline Phosphatase inhibitor activity was also determined; 5d is the most potent compound, with an IC50 of 1.469 ± 0.02 µM. Further, in silico studies were performed to find the type of interactions between synthesized compounds and target proteins.
Lilium brownii/Baihe as Nutraceuticals: Insights into Its Composition and Therapeutic Properties
Authors: Wang Yong-Fei , An Zi-Yi , Yuan Le-Qi , Wang Ting , Jin Wei-Lin
Published: September 2024

Nutraceuticals are compounds or components in food that offer health benefits. They can be incorporated into food to make it functional or used as supplements or medicine. Lilium brownii/Baihe is one of the classic nutraceuticals. The chemical composition of Lilium is complex and has a variety of pharmacological effects. Moreover, the compound preparation based on Lilium has been used in the treatment of respiratory diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, Lanzhou lily has become food on the dinner table. Therefore, Lilium brownii/Baihe is a nutraceutical with a long history. Based on the current understanding of Lilium, this review provides an in-depth discussion of the bioactive components and pharmacological effects of Lilium. This is important to provide theoretical reference for the in-depth study of Lilium as well as its development and application in medicine, food, and other industries.
A Fast Solution of the Dynamic Rate Equation for a High-Power Fiber Laser
Authors: Duan Lei , Xu Runqin , Tan Shudan , Tang Xiongxin , Xu Fanjiang
Published: September 2024

In the study of dynamic behaviors, such as nonlinear effects, power evolution, and pulse evolution of light in fiber gain media, solving dynamic rate equations in fiber laser systems is involved, which is computationally intensive and directly affects overall computational efficiency. A modified difference scheme is proposed to solve fiber dynamic rate equations efficiently. The advantages of the improved scheme and its convergence rate are analyzed. By incorporating a correction coefficient into the finite difference, the approximations of spatial and temporal derivatives are improved, greatly enhancing the performance of the numerical method. The computational results of the proposed method are compared with those of the conventional upwind difference scheme, demonstrating that the improved method is more stable and requires fewer sampling points to maintain a certain level of precision, thereby saving significant computation time and computational resources. The power and spectral evolutions of the fiber laser oscillator under different pump conditions are simulated and compared with experimental data, validating the applicability and reliability of the rapid solving method.