bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A metal oxide adhesion layer prepared with water based coating solution for wet Cu metallization of glass interposer
Authors: Liu Zhiming , Hunegnaw Sara , Fu Hailuo , Wang Jun , Magaya Tafadzwa , Merschky Michael , Bernhard Tobias , Shorey Aric , Yun Hobie
Published: November 2015

Inorganic interposers made of glass are attractive for advanced high frequency applications and ultra- fine line patterning technology. Because glass combines a couple of benefits like large form factor, good coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) matching to silicon, smooth surface and a low dielectric constant and loss tangent.

Recently much progress has been made with respect to glass electrical and physical properties. This allows for handling of thin glass sheets down to 100 μm in a typical PCB panel format. Also advances have been made in the area of laser drilling allowing aspect ratio up to 1:10 for 25 μm diameter of through glass via (TGV). Another major challenge is the cost competitive and reliable metallization of smooth glass, a critical prerequisite for the use of glass substrates in the electronic packaging market. Plated copper does not adhere directly to glass. Sputtering technology typically also requires a 50 nm thick adhesion promoting metal layer (like Ti) before copper can be seeded. This metal layer could not be etched together with the copper and needs to be removed between traces by etching in an additional step.

A volatile flammable solvent based metal oxide precursor coating solution has been used to make an adhesive metal oxide layer by a modified sol-gel process. To prevent potential safety issue for mass production water based metal oxide precursor coating solution so called VitroCoat GI W has been developed. The VitroCoat GI W solution can be dip-coated on flat glass surface and TGVs followed by sintering to form an ultrathin metal oxide adhesion layer (about 10nm). The thin adhesive layer enables electroless and electrolytic copper plating directly onto glass substrates without changing any of the glass properties or impacting high frequency performance. The thin metal oxide adhesive layer is non-conductive and can be easily removed from the area between circuit traces.

This paper will focus on the coating uniformity and capability of VitroCoat GI W on flat glass surface and TGVs and the adhesion of wet chemical metallization on glass interposer. This adhesion layer can be used for copper fine line patterning on glass and radio frequency (RF) device fabrication.
Hermetically Sealed Glass Packages
Authors: Keusseyan Roupen , Mobley Tim
Published: November 2015

Significant advances have been accomplished in the field of Through Glass Via (TGV) technology; enabling a new generation of electronic designs that achieve higher performance, while leveraging low cost system solutions.

Through-hole creation methods in glass have been optimized for mass production with consistent via diameter, shape and wall chemistry/morphology. This has enabled the development of unique copper via metallization materials that exhibit very high conductivity, thermal expansion matching (with borosilicate glass) and hermeticity in the 10E-10 Atm.cc/sec range (Ultra-High Vacuum Hermeticity).

Further developments in Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) for glass wafers with copper vias, surface sensitization and metal deposition techniques, have enabled thin film metallization on both sides of the glass wafer for fine line redistribution layers (RDL). The thin film RDL is compatible with the TGV with excellent continuity in conductivity. The RDL metallization is plated to allow flip chip, land grid array, wire-bond, solder, or other interconnection methods.

The paper will discuss the technical, material and process challenges in each of the areas mentioned above which enable a hermetically sealed glass package. Detailed data and experimental results will be discussed.
The Glass Core with an Anti-crack Propagation Structure
Authors: Cho Sukhyeon , Baek Yongho , Oh Yoong , Kim Dahee , Lee Hyungki
Published: November 2015

The trend of the physical properties of core layer in the PWB (Printed wiring board) is the low CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) and high modulus reducing the CTE mismatching between semiconductor chip and PWB to reduce the warpage of thin package. To jump up the physical property of the general organic material, thin glass less than 100 micron thickness is evaluated. In order to get the good physical properties, thin glass with the low CTE (3.2 ppm/°C) and high modulus (75GPa) is used for core material. And it is also advantageous in fine via pitch than with a high modulus metal core. But thin glass itself requires special handling to avoid cracks in the process. In order to handling without glass crack, the crack prevention structure was applied and the special insulation material was also laminated on the glass. The insulation layer having the glass fabric is laminated on the both side of thin glass to prevent crack propagation. And this material had no issue in the general PWB production line without any special treatment or Jig for the thin glass. Also the physical properties like CTE and modulus is outstanding. In the comparison of the low CTE organic core and glass core, physical properties of glass core was excellent than that of the organic core. In the final product, unit edge part exposing the thin glass is the weak point. Glass chipping or crack may occur during unit sawing process. But the crack on the sawing cut edge of glass can cause the horizontal crack issue of the glass. After reflow or thermal stress, the glass edge horizontal crack had propagated to the inside of the unit. So some special glass cutting line was added to block the crack propagation in the glass around the unit edge. The glass cutting line has been effective to block horizontal crack propagation into the inside of unit. With this structure and the insulation material, most of reliability test items that are applied in common circuit board were passed through.
Critical Barriers Associated with Copper Wire
Authors: Crockett William G.
Published: November 2015

Since around 2008, the shift from Gold (Au) bonding wire to Copper (Cu) bonding wire has been taking place, full scale, with the aim of reducing costs. When compared with Au, Cu wire presents challenges in reliability and repeatable bonding characteristics in terms of chemical stability, which is required in high reliability applications. Therefore Cu wire adoption in automotive and industrial semiconductors has been limited. Conventionally the market for Cu bonding wires has been divided into two types: bare Cu wires (high purity) and Palladium coated copper (PCC) bonding wires. These wires have yet to satisfy the required characteristics for high reliability products such as industrial and automotive electronics.

A new breed of alternative bonding wires has been developed to offer performance advantages for high reliability applications compared to bare copper wire and PCC wire. Cu alloy wire and Ag alloy wires continue their market introduction for advanced bonding applications, where bare Cu and PCC wires have known limitations.
Improving Stitch Bond on Hybrid Thick Film Substrate using Stand-Off Stitch Wire Bond Technique
Authors: Garcia Richard C.
Published: November 2015

Thick film technology is based on a paste containing glass frit that is screen printed and fused at high temperature onto various ceramic substrate materials. Softening or melting this glassy frit forms a cohesive layer, binding the conductors, resistors or dielectric materials to the ceramic. The dynamics of the printing process and inherent number of associated variables negatively impact the uniformity of the fired surface on a micro scale, which can lead to variation in the wire bonding process. Other processes associated with thick film substrate fabrication can cause problems as well. Laser trimming is used to adjust the value of printed resistors to meet design requirements. This ablation of printed resistors by high–powered pulse laser leaves a halo of debris and contamination on the ceramic substrate, which can cause wire bond lifting. In this paper, we will demonstrate a way to eliminate these problems using a bonding technique called Stand- Off Stitch bonding (SOS). This wire bond type is formed by first placing a ball bump at the second bond, or stitch, location on the thick film substrate, and then forming a normal wire that terminates on that bump. This places two ball bumps at each end of the wire, similar to a security bond. However, the ball bump is located under the stitch instead of on top. This SOS wire bond technique is compliant with the MIL-STD- 883 for a compound bond, where one bond is placed on top of another bond. With the gold bump placed on top of the gold thick film pad, the bump acts as a foundation for the stitch bond, providing a wider contact area and clean bond surface to secure a reliable stitch bond interconnect. With this change, an abrupt improvement to the resultant destruct wire pull tests can be achieved, promoting a robust, controlled process for wire bond interconnects.
Multi Beam Full Cut Dicing of Thin Si IC wafers
Authors: van Borkulo Jeroen , van der Stam Richard , Jung Won Chul , Verburg Paul
Published: November 2015

Over the last years singulation of thin semiconductor wafers with (ultra) low-κ top layer has become a challenge in the production process of integrated circuits. The traditional blade dicing process is encountering serious yield issues. These issues can be addressed by applying a laser grooving process prior to the blade dicing, which is the process of reference nowadays. However, as the wafers are becoming thinner this process flow is not providing the yield and productivity required. In this article the unique ASMPT multi beam technology is presented which addresses both concerns and enables a high productivity laser dicing process with a limited heat affected zone and sufficient die strength.
A rare case of acute Clozapine - related thrombogenic myocarditis
Authors: Evangelista Antonietta , Ruzzolini Matteo , Peraldo Neja Carlo , Azzolini Paolo
Published: November 2015

Not available
Urban marginality, religious liminality, and the black poor
Authors: Smith R. Drew
Published: November 2015

While many persons within westernised or westernising nations such as the United States of America and South Africa continue to place importance on matters of faith, a growing number of those persons approach matters of faith informally rather than formally and individually rather than institutionally. The implications of this are that among 21st century populations informal religious formation may be as important as or more important than the formation taking place via formal religious channels. A central emphasis of this article is that this is especially true among more socially marginalised populations, not simply because they may not enjoy the same level of access to formal institutions, but also because they may regard those institutions as spiritually and culturally restrictive and exclusionary. The contributions of the article are, firstly, its use of original and unique survey data generated from neighbourhood studies the author directed in low-income contexts within several U.S. cities and within Pretoria, South Africa, and, secondly, its analysis of informal ways the urban poor engage Christian ideas and practices − an aspect of urban religion that has not received adequate scholarly attention.
Clinical Evaluation of the Hemodynamic Effects of the High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy on the Fontan Circulation
Authors: Kuwata Seiko , Kurishima Clara , Kim Jeonghye , Iwamoto Yoichi , Saiki Hirofumi , Ishido Hirotaka , Masutani Satoshi , Senzaki Hideaki
Published: November 2015

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy supports respiratory effort with a minimal elevation in airway pressure. We examined hemodynamic effects of HFNC therapy in a 10-year-old girl with Fontan circulation, in which positive airway pressure has deleterious hemodynamic effects. The HFNC therapy at 30 L/min improved oxygenation without an increase in central venous pressure. It also reduced heart rate, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, and increased cardiac output. In addition, the HFNC therapy improved the cerebral circulation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Thus, HFNC therapy may be a potentially useful noninvasive ventilation modality, particularly for patients with Fontan circulation.
Self-esteem of physical education students: sex differences and relationships with intelligence
Authors: Guszkowska Monika , Kuk Anna , Zagórska Adriana , Skwarek Katarzyna
Published: November 2015

Background

The aim of the study was to determine the level of self-esteem of physical education and sport students, its diversification according to sex, as well as relationships between self-esteem and the following variables: fluid intelligence, emotional intelligence, social intelligence, and academic performance.

Participants and procedure

A total of 385 first-year undergraduates aged 18-26 years studying physical education and sport at the University of Physical Education in Warsaw participated in the study. The following research tools were used: the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory, Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices Plus, the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, and the Social Competence Questionnaire. The average of marks obtained for all courses taken during the first year was adopted as an indicator of academic performance.

Results

The obtained results attest to the high self-esteem of the first-year students. Male students gave higher ratings for their body appearance and body functioning, personal power and likeability, self-control, and competence. They also indicated a higher level of global self-esteem and identity integration. The highest number of significant positive correlations connected self-esteem and emotional intelligence; slightly fewer correlations existed between self-esteem and social competence. The lowest number of significant relationships was established for fluid intelligence. Only one positive predictor of average evaluations was established in male students (self-control) and female students (competence).

Conclusions

The profile of self-esteem of physical education students demonstrates their high self-esteem, especially in areas related to their field of study. Some variations in the components of self-esteem of male and female students reflect the differences between sexes typical for the Polish adult population.
Between Belonging and Dwelling: The Hospitality of David Malouf's Remembering Babylon
Authors: Bragg Nicolette
Published: November 2015

This article argues that David Malouf’s Remembering Babylon relates two narratives, one of hospitality and one of the nation. Rather than corroborating each other, these narratives conflict. By emphasising the novel’s account of hospitality and the accommodation of the stranger, this article intervenes in readings of the novel as a national allegory. Rather than simply a legacy of colonialism with revised legitimacy, the nation in Remembering Babylon signals the failure of hospitality.
When No Means No: Re-reading Celibacy
Authors: Kean Jessica
Published: November 2015

A review of Benjamin Kahan, Celibacies: American Modernism and Sexual Life (Duke University Press, 2013).
Editorial
Authors: Healy Chris , Schlunke Katrina
Published: November 2015

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4-D-VAR assimilation of disdrometer data and radar spectral reflectivities for rain drop size distribution and vertical wind retrievals
Authors: Mercier F. , Chazottes A. , Barthès L. , Mallet C.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. This paper presents a novel approach for retrieving the vertical raindrop size distribution (DSD) profiles and vertical winds during light rain events. It consists in coupling K band Doppler spectra and ground disdrometer measurements (raindrop fluxes) in a 2-D numerical model propagating the DSD from the clouds to the ground level. The coupling is made via a 4-D-VAR data assimilation algorithm. The model is, up to now, limited to the fall of droplets under gravity, modulated by the effects of vertical winds. Since evaporation, coalescence/break-up and horizontal air motion are not taken into account, we limit the study to light, stratiform rain events in which these phenomena appear negligible. We firstly use simulated data sets (data assimilation twin experiment) to show that the algorithm is able to retrieve the DSD profiles and vertical winds. It also demonstrates the ability of the algorithm to deal with the atmospheric turbulence (broadening of the Doppler spectra) and the instrumental noise. The method is then applied to a real case study which happened in the south-west of France during the autumn 2013. The data set collected during a long, quiet event (6 h duration, rain rate between 2 and 7 mm h−1) comes from an optical disdrometer and a 24 GHz vertically pointing Doppler radar. We show that the algorithm is able to explain the observations and supplies DSD and vertical wind profiles realistic compared to what could be expected for such a rain event. A perspective for this study is to apply it to extended data sets for a more thorough validation. Other data sets would also help to parameterize more phenomena needed in the model (evaporation, coalescence/break-up) to apply the algorithm to convective rain and to evaluate the adequacy of the model's parameterization.
Efficiency and adaptability of the benthic methane filter at Quepos Slide cold seeps, offshore of Costa Rica
Authors: Steeb P. , Krause S. , Linke P. , Hensen C. , Dale A. W. , Nuzzo M. , Treude T.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Large amounts of methane are delivered by fluids through the erosive forearc of the convergent margin offshore of Costa Rica and lead to the formation of cold seeps at the sediment surface. Besides mud extrusion, numerous cold seeps are created by landslides induced by seamount subduction or fluid migration along major faults. Most of the dissolved methane migrating through the sediments of cold seeps is oxidized within the benthic microbial methane filter by anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Measurements of AOM and sulfate reduction as well as numerical modeling of porewater profiles revealed a highly active and efficient benthic methane filter at the Quepos Slide site, a landslide on the continental slope between the Nicoya and Osa Peninsula. Integrated areal rates of AOM ranged from 12.9 ± 6.0 to 45.2 ± 11.5 mmol m−2 d−1, with only 1 to 2.5 % of the upward methane flux being released into the water column. Additionally, two parallel sediment cores from Quepos Slide were used for in vitro experiments in a recently developed sediment-flow-through (SLOT) system to simulate an increased fluid and methane flux from the bottom of the sediment core. The benthic methane filter revealed a high adaptability whereby the methane oxidation efficiency responded to the increased fluid flow within ca. 170 d. To our knowledge, this study provides the first estimation of the natural biogeochemical response of seep sediments to changes in fluid flow.
Changing seasonality of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Kahru M. , Elmgren R. , Savchuk O. P.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Changes in the phenology of physical and ecological variables associated with climate change are likely to have significant effect on many aspects of the Baltic ecosystems. We apply a set of phenological indicators to multiple environmental variables measured by satellite sensors for 17–35 years to detect possible changes in the seasonality in the Baltic Sea environment. We detect significant temporal changes such as earlier start of the summer season and prolongation of the productive season in multiple variables ranging from basic physical drivers to ecological status indicators. While increasing trends in the absolute values of variables like sea-surface temperature (SST), diffuse attenuation of light (Ked490) and satellite-detected chlorophyll concentration (CHL) are detectable, the corresponding changes in their seasonal cycles are more dramatic. For example, the cumulative sum of 30 000 W m−2 of surface incoming shortwave irradiance (SIS) was reached 23 days earlier in 2014 compared to the beginning of the time series in 1983. The period of the year with SST of at least 17 °C has almost doubled (from 29 days in 1982 to 56 days in 2014), the period with Ked490 over 0.4 m−1 has increased from about 60 days in 1998 to 240 days in 2013, i.e. quadrupled. The period with satellite-detected CHL of at least 3 mg m−3 has doubled from approximately 110 days in 1998 to 220 days in 2013. While the timing of both the phytoplankton spring and summer blooms have advanced, the annual CHL maximum that in the 1980s corresponded to the spring diatom bloom in May has now switched to the summer cyanobacteria bloom in July.
Modeling Antarctic subglacial lake filling and drainage cycles
Authors: Dow C. F. , Werder M. A. , Nowicki S. , Walker R. T.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The growth and drainage of active subglacial lakes in Antarctica has previously been inferred from analysis of ice surface altimetry data. We use a subglacial hydrology model applied to a synthetic Antarctic ice stream to determine internal controls on the filling and drainage of subglacial lakes and their impact on ice stream dynamics. Our model outputs suggest that the highly constricted subglacial environment of the ice stream, combined with relatively high rates of water flow funneled from large catchments, can combine to create a system exhibiting slow-moving pressure waves. Over a period of years, the accumulation of water in the ice stream onset region results in a buildup of pressure creating temporary channels, which then evacuate the excess water. This increased flux of water through the ice stream drives lake growth. As the water body builds up, it too steepens the hydraulic gradient and allows greater flux out of the overdeepened lake basin. Eventually this flux is large enough to create channels that cause the lake to drain. Due to the presence of the channels, the drainage of the lake causes high water pressures around 50 km downstream of the lake rather than immediately in the vicinity of the overdeepening. Following lake drainage, channels again shut down. Lake drainage depends on the internal hydrological development in the wider system and therefore does not directly correspond to a particular water volume or depth. This creates a highly temporally and spatially variable system, which is of interest for assessing the importance of subglacial lakes in ice stream hydrology and dynamics.
Canine Sialolithiasis: Two Case Reports with Breed, Gender, and Age Distribution of 29 Cases (1964–2010)
Authors: Han Hyunjung , Mann F.A. , Park Jee-Yong
Published: November 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the clinical data of two cases of canine sialolithiasis and to analyze 29 cases identified in the Veterinary Medical Database by year of admission, breed, gender, and age. Medical records from the University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital were reviewed and two dogs diagnosed with sialolithiasis (calcium oxalate) were identified between 1990 and 2010. The two dogs had cervical or pharyngeal sialocele and were successfully treated by sialolith removal and concurrent sialoadenectomy. Signalments of dogs with sialolithiasis between 1964 and 2010 were collected from the Veterinary Medical Database and evaluated. Several breeds of dogs were represented and the 10 to <15 yr old age group was shown to have significant association with sialolithiasis. Sialolithiasis is a rare veterinary condition. In this study, older dogs were at higher risk. In dogs, concurrent sialocele was common and good outcome could be expected after surgical removal of sialoliths with concurrent sialoadenectomy.
Postoperative Analgesia Provided by Liposomal Hydromorphone in Client-Owned Dogs Undergoing Limb Amputation
Authors: Krugner-Higby Lisa , Smith Lesley J. , Schmidt Brynn , Steagall Paulo V. , Brown Carolyn , Heath Timothy D.
Published: November 2015

The analgesic efficacy of liposomal hydromorphone (LE-hydro) was tested in dogs undergoing limb amputation. The positive controls (n = 10) received subcutaneous (SQ) hydromorphone (0.2 mg/kg) and 1.5 mL of blank liposomes before surgery; fentanyl continuous rate infusion (CRI), 5–10 μg/kg/hr IV, during and for 24 hr after surgery; and a fentanyl patch at extubation. The negative controls (n = 7) received SQ hydromorphone (0.2 mg/kg) and 1.5 mLs of blank liposomes SQ before surgery, fentanyl CRI (5–10 μg/kg/hr IV) during surgery but stopped at extubation, and a fentanyl patch at extubation. The test group (n = 11) received 3 mg/kg of LE-hydro and 1.5 mL of saline SQ before surgery, 1.5 mL of saline SQ, and a saline CRI during surgery. All groups received a bupivacaine block in the limb prior to amputation and carprofen prior to surgery. Treatment failures, pain scores, opioid side effects, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and client-reported pain and side effects were evaluated. There were three treatment failures in the positive control (3/10) and test groups (3/11). Negative controls had seven treatment failures (7/7). Side effects for all three groups were within expected limits. LE-hydro provides postoperative analgesia equivalent to fentanyl CRI in dogs undergoing limb amputation.
Rotational and Axial Pattern Flaps in a Cat for Wound Reconstruction Secondary to Urethral Rupture
Authors: Watrous Gwyneth K. , Martin Dawn M. , Plesman Rhea L. , Ringwood Brendon
Published: November 2015

A 3 yr old intact male domestic shorthair cat was presented with urine extravasation from urethral rupture. Extensive skin necrosis developed in the perineal region and left hind limb that necessitated delayed primary wound closure with a caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap, scrotal and preputial rotational skin flaps, and perineal urethrostomy.
Clinical Approaches to Vascular Anomalies of the Lip
Authors: Ryu Jeong Yeop , Lee Joon Seok , Lee Jeong Woo , Choi Kang Young , Yang Jung Dug , Cho Byung Chae , Lee Seok-Jong , Lee Jong Min , Huh Seung , Chung Ho Yun
Published: November 2015

Background The incidence of vascular anomalies in the head and neck is higher than in the extremities. It is especially common for vascular anomalies to involve the lip. The lips are a functionally and aesthetically important component of the head and neck area. A retrospective analysis of data from our vascular anomaly center was performed in order to understand the characteristics and treatment requirements of vascular anomalies of the lip and to establish which treatments are likely to lead to the best outcomes.

Methods A retrospective review was performed of the medical records of patients diagnosed with vascular anomalies of the upper or lower lip from January 2001 to September 2013. Using clinical photographs, radiologic findings, and patient records, the diagnosis of each case and the location of the vascular anomaly were recorded, along with information about treatment and follow-up.

Results A total of 1,606 patients were diagnosed with vascular anomalies over this time period, of whom 127 (7.9%) were found to have vascular anomalies in the lip only. Surgical treatment with or without embolization, sclerotherapy, laser therapy, medication only, and observation were the treatment strategies adopted in these cases.

Conclusions Vascular anomalies of the lip should be diagnosed accurately. Radiologic diagnosis played a crucial role in treatment planning, and several techniques were used to treat vascular anomalies of the lip. When surgical excision is indicated for the correction of vascular anomalies of the lip, the aesthetic and functional characteristics of the lip should be considered.
Botulinum Toxin Therapy versus Anterior Belly of Digastric Transfer in the Management of Marginal Mandibular Branch of the Facial Nerve Palsy: A Patient Satisfaction Survey
Authors: Butler Daniel P , Leckenby Jo I , Miranda Ben H , Grobbelaar Adriaan O
Published: November 2015

Background Botulinum toxin (BT) chemodenervation and anterior belly of digastric muscle (ABD) transfer are both treatment options in the management of an isolated marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (MMB) palsy. We compare the patient satisfaction following either BT injections or ABD transfer in the management of their isolated MMB palsy.

Methods Patients in the ABD-arm of the study were identified retrospectively from September 2007 to July 2014. The patients in the BT-arm of the study were identified prospectively from those attending the clinic. Both groups of patients completed a validated patient satisfaction survey. Statistical analysis was performed and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results Seven patients were in the ABD-arm and 11 patients in the BT-arm of the study. The patient satisfaction in both groups was high with 45% of ABD-arm patients and 40% of BT-arm patients rating their overall outcome as 'better' or 'much better', which was significantly more than the proportion rating their outcome as 'worse' or 'much worse' (P<0.001), although there was a significant trend towards those in the ABD-arm being more likely to be dissatisfied with their outcome (P=0.01).

Conclusions BT therapy is a good first-line intervention in the management of isolated MMB palsy. We have, however, shown that the overall satisfaction in both groups is high. Therefore, in patients who would prefer a more permanent solution to manage their facial asymmetry, ABD transfer remains a satisfactory treatment option with a good level of patient satisfaction.
Two-Step Incision for Periarterial Sympathectomy of the Hand
Authors: Jeon Seung Bae , Ahn Hee Chang , Ahn Yong Su , Choi Matthew Seung Suk
Published: November 2015

Background Surgical scars on the palmar surface of the hand may lead to functional and also aesthetic and psychological consequences. The objective of this study was to introduce a new incision technique for periarterial sympathectomy of the hand and to compare the results of the new two-step incision technique with those of a Koman incision by using an objective questionnaire.

Methods A total of 40 patients (17 men and 23 women) with intractable Raynaud's disease or syndrome underwent surgery in our hospital, conducted by a single surgeon, between January 2008 and January 2013. Patients who had undergone extended sympathectomy or vessel graft were excluded. Clinical evaluation of postoperative scars was performed in both groups one year after surgery using the patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) and the Wake Forest University rating scale.

Results The total patient score was 8.59 (range, 6-15) in the two-step incision group and 9.62 (range, 7-18) in the Koman incision group. A significant difference was found between the groups in the total PS score (P-value=0.034) but not in the total observer score. Our analysis found no significant difference in preoperative and postoperative Wake Forest University rating scale scores between the two-step and Koman incision groups. The time required for recovery prior to returning to work after surgery was shorter in the two-step incision group, with a mean of 29.48 days in the two-step incision group and 34.15 days in the Koman incision group (P=0.03).

Conclusions Compared to the Koman incision, the new two-step incision technique provides better aesthetic results, similar symptom improvement, and a reduction in the recovery time required before returning to work. Furthermore, this incision allows the surgeon to access a wide surgical field and a sufficient exposure of anatomical structures.
Stabilizing Morbidity and Predicting the Aesthetic Results of Radial Forearm Free Flap Donor Sites
Authors: Yun Tae Kyoung , Yoon Eul Sik , Ahn Duck Sun , Park Seung Ha , Lee Byung Il , Kim Hyon Surk , You Hi Jin
Published: November 2015

Background The radial forearm flap is a versatile, widely used flap. However, the possibility of donor site complications has led to concern over its use. Some surgeons prefer using other flaps whose donor sites can be closed primarily with less morbidity, including avoiding unpleasant scarring. However, in our experience, donor site stability of the radial forearm flap can be reliably achieved by using well-implemented specific procedures. Here, we present a collection of donor site cases of the radial forearm flap and investigate factors that affect the aesthetic results as the basis for a reference for selecting a radial forearm flap.

Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed 171 cases in which a radial forearm flap was used for free tissue transfer after resecting head and neck cancer. We focused on donor site morbidity rates. Each operation involved a detailed procedure designed to minimize donor site morbidity. Moreover, statistical investigations were conducted for 22 cases to determine factors affecting the scar appearance.

Results Only one case developed total skin graft necrosis as a major complication. Scar-related aesthetic results were acceptable, and the body-mass index, body weight, diabetes, and cardiac problems were significant factors related to the appearance of scars.

Conclusions Performing the radial forearm flap using a well-implemented detailed technique helps achieve acceptable donor site morbidity results. The aesthetic results were more promising for patients without excess body weight, diabetes, or cardiac problems. Therefore, anxiety about donor site morbidity should not be a reason to avoid selecting the radial forearm flap in suitable patients.
Cuerpo, sexualidad y violencia simbólica en la tortura sexual
Authors: Rodríguez Grisales Natalia
Published: November 2015

This article is an approach to the phenomenon of torture, particularly sexual torture, and it aims to inquire into the common interpretative frameworks that are constructed in the sexual torture exerted over the individual bodies, as metaphorical representations of the social body, within the context of political violence. Through a phenomenological approach and a characterization of torture in its social, physical, psychological and sexual dimensions, it argues that sexual torture, as a communicative act, forces the subject to participate in its own victimization when its body orifices are used as tools of torture. It concludes that only the scream of the victim remains as an opportunity to articulate the pain with the experience of violence, the main purpose of which is to feminize the enemy as a strategy of symbolic domination by flooding the subject with sexual stimuli to alter its relationship with its own body.
El caleidoscopio de la violencia contra las mujeres en la pareja desde la desigualdad de género: una revisión de enfoques analíticos
Authors: Jiménez Rodrigo María Luisa , Raquel Guzmán Ordaz
Published: November 2015

Feminist frameworks have focused on gender inequality as the fundamental explanatory factor of male violence against women in union. This paper extends the analysis to contributions produced through social research. The approaches studied consider the personal characteristics of victims and aggressors (individual focus), the male-female power relationship within the couple (dyadic focus), and structural and symbolic factors (macro-social focus). An exploration of the respective contributions of these different perspectives shows that they offer only partial, inadequate approaches, given the multidimensional complexity of the problem. The main conclusions recognize that it is necessary to develop multi-level and inter-relational analytical frameworks such as the intersectional paradigm, in order to achieve a better understanding of the connection between gender inequality and male violence against women.
Paisajes del despojo cotidiano: acaparamiento de tierra y agua en Montes de María, Colombia
Authors: Ojeda Diana , Petzl Jennifer , Quiroga Catalina , Rodríguez Ana Catalina , Rojas Juan Guillermo
Published: November 2015

The phenomena of landgrabbing and monopolizing of water sources have gained increasing attention in recent years. Nevertheless, very few studies have dealt with the problem of the grabbing and concentration of resources from an ethnographic perspective that would make it possible to illustrate the different ways in which dispossession takes place, as well as its concrete mechanisms and effects in particular historical, geographic and political contexts. This article makes a critical contribution to the relevant literature. Based on the specific case of the area of Montes de María, located in the Caribbean region of Colombia, it shows how the violent forms of dispossession are produced and maintained by everyday dynamics. Through the analysis of i) the imagined geographies of the region, ii) the implementation of development projects, iii) the processes of privatization of water resources, and iv) the configuration of spaces of fear, this study illustrates how the landscapes of everyday dispossession in the region are produced. In this way, it seeks to contribute to the research on socio-environmental conflicts and to break into the narrative of post-conflict in the region.
La representación del “horror nazi” en la prensa argentina
Authors: Chinski Malena
Published: November 2015

This article analyzes Argentine news coverage of Nazi crimes during the period of liberation of prisoners from concentration camps, when Allied troops discovered the “atrocities” that had been committed in them. For this purpose, a corpus was put together of news articles taken from the four main Argentinean newspapers of the period: the morning papers La Prensa and La Nación, and the evening papers La Razón and Crítica. The analysis of these materials shows that the Argentine press consolidated an interpretive paradigm of Nazism as absolute “barbarity.” This type of coverage created confusion regarding the place specifically reserved for Jews in the Nazi system of destruction, despite the fact that the same press had been reporting on the systematic extermination of the Jewish populations in Europe ever since 1942.
A Proposed Architecture of Cloud Computing for Teaching and Education
Authors: Mehdi Wasan
Published: November 2015

World of Many Clouds

The first question will be asked is how can cloud computing enhance the learning experience? One way is by providing on-demand access to educational content, resources, and services, on any device, whenever and wherever teachers and students happen to be. The new world of cloud-based services combines powerful computing, networking, storage, management tools, and applications to make it easier than ever to bridge the in-school and online learning worlds with secure, on-demand services. With cloud services, educators can take advantage of an interconnected world of many clouds to support individual learning needs, expand access to digital content, and innovative cloud services into an integrated architecture that helps educators deliver highly secure, cloud-based services simplify operations, and reduce costs. Implementing a cloud solution means bringing together computing, network, and storage resources into an integrated platform for delivering IT services within and between data canters. Cloud computing can help us to create a platform for delivering cloud services to teachers, administrators, and students, and can also assist us to connect with other clouds and automate management tasks.

In this research work we are introducing our architecture of Cloud Computing for education and discuss the impact of our chosen architecture on learning.

We are presenting here and demonstrating the advantages and impact analysis of our proposed architecture.
Generation of high order geometry representations in Octree meshes
Authors: Klimach Harald G. , Zudrop Jens , Roller Sabine P.
Published: November 2015

We propose a robust method to convert triangulated surface data into polynomial volume data. Such polynomial representations are required for high-order partial differential solvers, as low-order surface representations would diminish the accuracy of their solution. Our proposed method deploys a first order spatial bisection algorithm to find robustly an approximation of given geometries. The resulting voxelization is then used to generate Legendre polynomials of arbitrary degree. By embedding the locally defined polynomials in cubical elements of a coarser mesh, this method can reliably approximate even complex structures, like porous media. It thereby is possible to provide appropriate material definitions for high order discontinuous Galerkin schemes. We describe the method to construct the polynomial and how it fits into the overall mesh generation. Our discussion includes numerical properties of the method and we show some results from applying it to various geometries. We have implemented the described method in our mesh generatorSeeder, which is publically available under a permissive open-source license.
Clinical Importance and Sonographic Features of Nonpalpable Axillary Lymphadenopathy Identified on Breast Sonography in Patients Without Malignancy
Authors: Kim Suk Jung , Park Young Mi
Published: November 2015

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical importance and sonographic features of nonpalpable axillary lymphadenopathy identified on breast sonography in patients without malignancy.

Methods

Our study included 71 women and 2 men (mean age, 47.5 years; range, 16–69 years) with axillary lymphadenopathy identified on breast sonography. None of the 73 patients had known malignancy or presented with palpable lymph nodes or symptoms of mastitis. The lesions were pathologically diagnosed in 53 patients by surgical biopsy (n = 8), ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy (n = 17), or ultrasound ‐guided fine needle aspiration (n = 28). Twenty patients underwent follow‐up imaging for 6 to 60 months (mean, 17 months). The sonographic features of the axillary lymph nodes were analyzed for all patients.

Results

The final diagnoses included benign reactive hyperplasia (n = 45), Kikuchi disease (n = 4), tuberculosis (n = 3), and sarcoidosis (n = 1). None of the 20 patients who underwent follow‐up imaging developed malignancy. Suspicious sonographic features were frequently observed (loss of the fatty hilum, round shape, abnormal cortical thickening, and marked hypoechogenicity: 79.5%, 75.3%, 82.1%, and 9.6%, respectively) and were mostly complex, with the most common combination being a round shape and loss of the fatty hilum in 61.6% patients.

Conclusions

No malignancy was detected in all 73 patients, despite frequent manifestations of complex and extremely suspicious sonographic features. Short‐term follow‐up imaging rather than immediate biopsy can be recommended for nonpalpable lymphadenopathy in patients without known malignancy.
Off-label use of gabapentin for management of alcohol use disorders
Authors: Nichols Taylor A.
Published: November 2015

Despite multiple studies evaluating various therapeutic agents, few have emerged as superior agents for the management of alcohol use disorders. As a result, off-label agents, including gabapentin, are being utilized more frequently in clinical practice. Gabapentin has gained popularity as one of the more commonly studied off-label agents. Gabapentin's relatively low abuse potential, side effect profile, and limited hepatic metabolism make it an attractive option compared with benzodiazepines and other anticonvulsants. Several randomized, placebo- and active-controlled trials have evaluated off-label use of gabapentin for the treatment of alcohol detoxification and dependence. Study results and interpretation from the more robust available data are summarized within this article.
Off-label use of duloxetine for pediatric neuropathic pain
Authors: Burghardt K. J. , Thomas S. T. , Tutag-Lehr V.
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Duloxetine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has been used successfully for adults for the management of neuropathic pain syndromes. Pediatric data are needed because inadequate neuropathic pain management in children and adolescents results in lower psychosocial functioning, delayed development, and decreased quality of life. We aim to describe a case series on the use of duloxetine for the management of symptoms associated with chronic neuropathic pain syndromes in a pediatric population.

Methods

Data were collected in a naturalistic, consecutive, case report format, from a pediatric pain management clinic for children prescribed duloxetine for analgesia for a variety of neuropathic-type pain conditions. Follow-up data, including self-report of pain, and type and frequency of adverse reactions, were collected to describe the efficacy and safety of duloxetine.

Results

Duloxetine was prescribed for the management of self-reported average pain scores of greater than 5 out of 10 on the Faces Pain Scale–Revised for pain that was resistant to other medications. Each of these patients had comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Reduction in pain following duloxetine therapy was not universal, and all patients discontinued duloxetine therapy prematurely because of adverse effects.

Conclusion

Further evidence is needed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine for use in pediatric populations with neuropathic components to their pain. Based on our experience, we suggest considering its use only after failure of other agents. The best management of a pediatric patient's pain condition is likely accomplished through a combination of pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacotherapy interventions.
Low‐temperature plastic rheology of olivine determined by nanoindentation
Authors: Kranjc Kelly , Rouse Zachary , Flores Katharine M. , Skemer Philip
Published: November 2015

Low‐temperature plasticity is a deformation mechanism that occurs mainly at high stress and low temperatures and may be important in the shallow lithosphere, at the tips of cracks, and in laboratory experiments. Previous studies investigating the low‐temperature plasticity of the mineral olivine have exhibited wide variability in their extrapolations to the athermal flow strength or Peierls stress. To better constrain the rheology of olivine, nanoindentation tests were performed on samples in the temperature range of 0–175°C. The indentation properties were converted to uniaxial properties using a finite element‐based method. The data were fit to a standard flow law for low‐temperature plasticity, and Peierls stresses between 5.32 and 6.45 GPa were obtained. These results provide increased confidence in the extrapolation of high‐pressure and high‐temperature laboratory experiments to low‐temperature conditions and illustrate the applicability of nanoindentation methods to the study of mineral rheology.