bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Velocity slip and temperature jump effects on entropy generation of MHD second-grade hybrid nanofluid in Jeffery-Hamel flow
Authors: Kezzar Mohamed , Talbi Nabil , Dinarvand Saeed , Das Sanatan , Sari Mohamed Rafik , Nasr Samia , Akhlaghi Mozaffar Ali
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to model and analyze Jeffery Hamel’s channel flow with the magnetohydrodynamics second-grade hybrid nanofluid. Considering the importance of studying the velocity slip and temperature jump in the boundary conditions of the flow, which leads to results close to reality, this paper intends to analyze the mentioned topic in the convergent and divergent channels that have significant applications.

Design/methodology/approach

The examination is conducted on a EG-H_2 O <30%–70%> base fluid that contains hybrid nanoparticles (i.e. SWCNT-MWCNT). To ensure comprehensive results, this study also considers the effects of thermal radiation, thermal sink/source, rotating convergent-divergent channels and magnetic fields. Initially, the governing equations are formulated in cylindrical coordinates and then simplified to ordinary differential equations through appropriate transformations. These equations are solved using the Explicit Runge–Kutta numerical method, and the results are compared with previous studies for validation.

Findings

After the validation, the effect of the governing parameters on the temperature and velocity of the second-grade hybrid nanofluid has been investigated by means of various and comprehensive contours. In the following, the issue of entropy generation and its related graphical results for this problem is presented. The mentioned contours and graphs accurately display the influence of problem parameters, including velocity slip and temperature jump. Besides, when thermal radiation is introduced (Rd = +0.1 and Rd = +0.2), entropy generation in convergent-divergent channels decreases by 7% and 14%, respectively, compared to conditions without thermal radiation (Rd = 0). Conversely, increasing the thermal sink/source from 0 to 4 leads to an 8% increase in entropy generation at Q = 2 and a 17% increase at Q = 4 in both types of channels. The details of the analysis of contours and the entropy generation results are fully mentioned in the body of the paper.

Originality/value

There are many studies on convergent and divergent channels, but this study comprehensively investigates the effects of velocity slip and temperature jump and certainly, this geometry with the specifications presented in this paper has not been explored before. Among the other distinctive features of this paper compared to previous works, the authors can mention the presentation of velocity and temperature results in the form of contours, which makes the physical analysis of the problem simpler.
A systematic review of the applicability of nature-based solutions for resilient urban residences in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ayo-Odifiri Solomon Oisasoje
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The adoption of nature-based solutions (NBS) for resilient cities has been receiving concern because of global threats of climate variation and a bid to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. NBS promotes a healthy environment and discourages land loss. NBS applications have been researched, especially in developing nations; however, there is a lack of evidence on their roles, impediments and drivers in southern Nigerian cities. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the applicability of NBS for resilient urban residences (RUR) in southern Nigeria. Also, it proposes strategies for addressing environmental issues via a framework that will support future studies.

Design/methodology/approach

Southern Nigeria's riparian settlements are vulnerable to climate variability's devastating effects. A systematic review of literature on NBS for RUR resilience was conducted, sourcing 29 papers included in the study from 2004 to 2023 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses from Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science databases in November 2023.

Findings

The review identified three themes: NBS's role in fostering urban resilience, impediments to its application and drivers for resilient RUR, with five roles, eight impediments and eight drivers identified in the literature.

Research limitations/implications

This study explores literature on environmental drivers for practitioners promoting NBS, suggesting a qualitative research approach for advanced studies. However, the systematic review-based recommendations maintain the robustness of the NBS application for RUR in southern Nigeria, despite the need for advanced studies.

Practical implications

This study outlines the five roles, eight impediments and eight drivers for promoting the application of NBS in southern Nigeria. This study noted that NBS can improve urban residential precincts, maintain residents' quality of life, purify air, regulate temperature and reduce glare, urban heat and land loss. The findings can be used by environmental and construction practitioners, clients, academics and policymakers to promote NBS applications in Nigeria. Adapting NBS should be a basic consideration in residential property planning and design for building plan approval.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this systematic review analysis is the first to explore NBS application in Southern Nigeria RUR, offering flexible strategies to advance NBS in the Nigerian locale.
Examining the existence of twin deficits in Bolivia
Authors: Saavedra-Caballero Fabiola , Villca Alfredo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

We examine the twin deficits and the direction of its movement for the case of Bolivia, a natural resource-dependent country, using the database of (Kehoe et al., 2019) from 1960 to 2019.

Design/methodology/approach

We combine a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model with a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to understand the transmission mechanisms.

Findings

Our results suggest the existence of twin deficits in Bolivia; however, causality in the Mundell-Fleming sense does not hold. While fiscal policy shocks explain current account deficits, current account shocks have a stronger effect over fiscal deficit. In fact, only 23% of the variance of current account forecast errors is explained by fiscal policy shocks; in contrast, 45% of the variance of the fiscal deficit is explained by current account shocks.

Research limitations/implications

The study is for a specific case, which is a limitation; however, other country samples can be included.

Practical implications

Based on the results of the work, policies can be recommended and designed to cushion the effects of external shocks.

Originality/value

According to the literature available for the Bolivian case, our work constitutes a significant contribution and, therefore, is original for this specific case.
Unlocking green potential: a mediation-moderation analysis of bank policies-related practices and green financing sustainability in Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Zahid , Akram Muhammad , Rao Zia Ur Rehman
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between bank policy-related practices and green financing sustainability in Pakistan. The study uses a mediating-moderation analysis to examine how the influence of bank policies on green financing sustainability is mediated by green banking activities and moderated by the employees’ green value and green knowledge sharing.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, a structural questionnaire was used to gather data from Pakistani bank personnel through stratified sampling. A two-stage structural equation modelling approach was used in this investigation. The measuring scale’s validity and reliability are assessed using the measure model. A structural model was used to ascertain the connection between the underpinning constructs.

Findings

This study found a positive significant effect on bank employed related practices on green banking activities, besides the mediate role of green banking activities between the bank policies-related practices and green financing. In addition, this study also found the moderating role of employees’ green value and green knowledge sharing on the relationship of bank policies-related practices and green banking activities as well as green banking activities and green financing, respectively.

Originality/value

As environmental sustainability becomes more and more important on a worldwide scale; the study looks into the ways that financial institutions may become more environmentally conscious and help create a more sustainable future. To shed light on the ways in which financial institutions can be crucial in advancing green sustainability in an emerging economy such as Pakistan, this study used sophisticated statistical tools.
University-to-work success scale: adaptation and validation in newly graduates
Authors: Sampaio Célia , Taveira Maria do Céu , Soares Joana , Silva Ana Daniela
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Success in the transition between the university and the labor market is an important indicator of the adaptation of newly graduates to the worker’s role in life. This study aims to describe the validity and reliability of the University-to-Work Success Scale based on its internal structure and relationship with measures of career success, protean career orientation and life satisfaction in newly Portuguese graduates.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an online protocol, responses were collected from 576 graduates for less than twelve months (74.1% women), aged between 20 and 64 years (M = 25.8, SD = 6.693). Instruments included a socio-demographic questionnaire and measures of transition success, career success and life satisfaction.

Findings

The internal structure of the scale was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses that supported a four-factor hierarchical structure with a good fit. The reliability of the factors evaluated by Cronbach’s Alpha was satisfactory. The scale consists of 29 items divided into four subscales (professional insertion and satisfaction, confidence in the future of career, income and financial independence and adaptation to work).

Practical implications

These results support the use of the scale as a valid and reliable measure to assess success in the transition between university and the labor market in newly Portuguese graduates.

Originality/value

This study is very important because this measure can serve as a basis for both preventive and corrective career interventions and policies. The preventive approach can help graduates in their transition to the labor market by promoting career resources. The corrective approach can include re-evaluating organizational integration practices after employment, with an emphasis on promoting gender equality.
Empowerment and project performance success: the role of leadership and power distance
Authors: Caruajulca Percy , Khalilzadeh Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The construction of infrastructure projects for extracting natural resources is vital to the economies of countries and the strategies of mining companies. Project performance success (PJPF) means achieving the planned scope, cost, schedule and quality. This study aims to analyze if PJPF is influenced by the team’s psychological empowerment (PEMP) and structural empowerment (SEMP), the project manager’s transformational leadership (TLD) and shared leadership (SLD) styles and the cultural power distance (CPDT). The study also examined the mediating roles of TLD and CPDT.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper tested its hypotheses through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in AMOS. Data were collected using the online survey platform SurveyMonkey. Owners, contractors and consultants from 24 countries across the Americas, Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia contributed a total of 222 responses. All participants were involved in construction projects owned by a mining company listed in the S&P 500.

Findings

PEMP has a positive impact on PJPF, SEMP and CPDT. PEMP fosters engaged and autonomous employees with agility and problem-solving skills. TLD mediates the relationship between PEMP and SLD. The results indicated that SEMP, TLD and SLD, on their own, do not directly contribute to project success. In contrast to prior studies, CPDT does not mediate the effects of PEMP on PJPF.

Originality/value

Although construction projects remain labor-intensive, research on measuring PEMP, SEMP, TLD, SLD and CPDT in this field is limited. This document is notable for incorporating the perspectives of owners, EPC contractors and consultants.
Audit committees’ independence and earnings management in developing countries: evidence from MENA countries
Authors: Almarayeh Taha
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the under-researched relationship between audit committee independence and earnings management in a number of emerging Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Ordinary least squares regression was used to study the association between audit committee independence and earnings management in a sample of 3,206 firm-year observations during the years 2007–2017. Data were obtained from the Thomson Reuters Compustat database.

Findings

The main results show that audit committee independence has a negative association with accrual-based earnings management. The results also document no evidence to suggest that audit committee independence has any significant relationship with real earnings management.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides new evidence of the impact of the independence of the audit committee in decreasing earnings management in MENA region, which was not addressed in previous studies.

Practical implications

This study has a significant practical implication for regulators and corporate governance policymakers in MENA countries and other countries with a similar institutional setting, whose responsibility is to prescribe proper corporate governance structures to guarantee that shareholders are protected.

Originality/value

The author contributes to the still limited research on the impact of audit committee independence on earnings management since the extant literature focuses on the Anglo-Saxon countries. The author tries to provide new insights into this relationship within the developing context, the case of MENA countries that have a different environment compared to advanced markets. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is among the pioneering efforts to investigate the influence of audit committee independence on earnings management in MENA countries.
Does banking consolidation improve bank stability? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ayagre Philip , Sarpong-Kumankoma Emmanuel , Aboagye Anthony Q.Q. , Asuming Patrick Opoku
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the influence of banking consolidations on bank stability in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries for the period 2003–2019, following a series of bank mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the region and whether regulation-induced bank M&As affect banking sector stability.

Design/methodology/approach

The fixed effect panel regression model is used to understand the influence of regulation-induced and voluntary bank mergers and acquisitions on banking stability in SSA. The study also controlled for bank-specific factors, market concentration and macroeconomic variables that affect banking stability. The study used three measures of bank stability: the Z-score, risk-adjusted return on assets and risk-adjusted bank capital.

Findings

The study results reveal that voluntary bank M&As, market concentration, net interest margin, bank capital, bank deposits and income diversification influence banking sector stability positively. However, the findings show that regulation-induced bank mergers and acquisitions impact banking stability negatively. Where bank M&As were a result of banking regulatory reforms, called regulation-induced mergers and acquisitions (RIM&As), banking stability suffered, but voluntary bank M&As improved banking stability. Again, the study supports the concentration–stability argument rather than the competition–stability hypothesis. Therefore, more concentrated banking markets in SSA countries have more stable banks and fewer risks of system-wide bank failures. Other factors influencing banking stability in SSA are return on equity, bank efficiency (cost-to-income), bank size and deposits-to-assets ratio. However, their relationship is negative with the stability of the banking sector.

Practical implications

The findings imply that the regulatory authorities should encourage voluntary bank M&As and not regulation-induced bank M&As to improve the stability of the banking systems in SSA.

Originality/value

The study provides new evidence on the effects of regulation-induced bank M&As on the stability of banks.
AI in automating library cataloging and classification
Authors: Mahmud Md. Rifat
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in automating library cataloging and classification processes, exploring current applications, challenges and future possibilities. It aims to provide insights into how AI technologies are reshaping traditional library practices and their implications for the future of information organization and access.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents a comprehensive review, analyzing recent research and developments in AI applications for library cataloging and classification. It covers traditional methods, relevant AI technologies, implementation challenges, impacts on library workflows and future directions.

Findings

AI technologies, particularly machine learning and natural language processing, offer significant potential for enhancing efficiency, consistency and depth in metadata creation and classification. However, implementation challenges include data quality issues, integration with legacy systems and the need for new skill sets among library professionals. The impact on library workflows is profound, necessitating a reimagining of traditional librarian responsibilities. Future developments promise more advanced capabilities in personalized discovery, adaptive classification schemes and predictive collection development.

Originality/value

This paper provides a holistic overview of AI’s impact on library cataloging and classification, synthesizing current research and future trends. It highlights the delicate balance required in leveraging AI to enhance library services while upholding core library values. The paper emphasizes the need for ongoing critical engagement with these technologies to shape the future of library services in the AI era.
Effect of corporate governance and enforcement on fair value accounting in Brazil
Authors: Galdi Fernando , De Moura André , Damasceno Felipe , Andrade Alexandre
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate whether Brazilian firms that legally bond to stricter enforcement and commit to stringent corporate governance requirements experience increased value relevance of discretionary fair value measurements (Levels 2 and 3), and how different measurement levels are associated with firms’ systematic risk.

Design/methodology/approach

The Brazilian data’s distinctive feature helps in analyzing fair value’s relevance in an emerging market with heterogeneous enforcement regimes. Given the inherent self-selection in corporate governance levels and cross-listing decisions, the authors use a two-step generalized method of moments approach. Building upon Song et al.’s (2010) framework, the authors carefully address potential selection biases. Furthermore, the authors expand Riedl and Serafeim’s (2011) model, based on Ohlson’s (1995) model, to explore whether the negative correlation between Level 1 net assets (assets minus liabilities) and firms’ beta is more pronounced compared to Levels 2 or 3 net assets. Additionally, the authors investigate whether this relationship intensifies when firms align themselves with enhanced governance structures and stricter enforcement regimes.

Findings

Fair value measurements which require more judgment (Levels 2 and 3) are more value-relevant when a firm is legally bonded to higher enforcement and better corporate governance. Level 1 fair values of these firms’ net assets are associated with lower systematic risk, while Levels 2 and 3 fair values (high subjectivity valuation) are not.

Originality/value

The authors show that firms that bond to better corporate governance and stricter enforcement regimes mitigate the information risk involved in subjective fair-value measurements.
Differentiation of natural indigo and synthetic indigo in dye powders and their dyed products (yarns and fabrics) by static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Qiong , Xu Zeng-Lai , Cheng Zhihong
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The precise and sensitive methods for authentication and differentiation of natural and synthetic indigo dyes are required for assurance of textile safety and public health. This study aims to develop a fast and simple method to distinguish natural indigo from synthetic one.

Design/methodology/approach

A static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for identification of natural and synthetic indigo samples. Natural indigo samples prepared from three different plants and synthetic indigo samples from three famous manufacturers in China, were involved in this study, along with some nonindigo blue samples (such as direct blue, active blue and neutral blue). The yarns and fabrics dyed with natural and synthetic indigo were also analyzed by the GC-MS method.

Findings

High levels of aniline (21.87%–71.59%) or N-methylaniline (25.26%–38.73%) were detected only in synthetic indigo samples (1 g) using the static headspace GC-MS method. The yarns and fabrics dyed with the synthetic indigo were also detected with residual aniline (0.47%–14.86%) or N-methylaniline (6.59%–40.93%).

Originality/value

The results clearly demonstrated that aniline or N-methylaniline can be used a diagnostic marker for distinguishing natural indigo from synthetic indigo. The proposed static headspace GC-MS method is a rapid, simple and convenient approach for differentiation of natural and synthetic indigo, as well as for the yarns and fabrics dyed with synthetic indigo.
Noncontact measurement of density and thermal properties of SS 316L powder bed through flash thermography
Authors: Wang Shu , Crane Nathan B.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Powder bed density is a key parameter in powder bed additive manufacturing (AM) processes but is not easily monitored. This research evaluates the possibility of non-invasively estimating the density of an AM powder bed via its thermal properties measured using flash thermography (FT).

Design/methodology/approach

The thermal diffusivity and conductivity of the samples were found by fitting an analytical model to the measured surface temperature after flash of the powder on a polymer substrate, enabling the estimation of the powder bed density.

Findings

FT estimated powder bed was within 8% of weight-based density measurements and the inferred thermal properties are consistent with literature findings. However, multiple flashes were necessary to ensure precise measurements due to noise in the experimental data and the similarity of thermal properties between the powder and substrate.

Originality/value

This paper emphasizes the capability of Flash Thermography (FT) for non-contact measurement of SS 316 L powder bed density, offering a pathway to in-situ monitoring for powder bed AM methods including binder jetting (BJ) and powder bed fusion. Despite the limitations of the current approach, the density knowledge and thermal properties measurements have the potential to enhance process development and thermal modeling powder bed AM processes, aiding in understanding the powder packing and thermal behavior.
Different parts of the mussel Gigantidas haimaensis holobiont responded differently to deep‐sea sampling stress
Authors: YAN Guoyong , WEI Tong , LAN Yi , XU Ting , QIAN Peiyuan
Published: July 2024

Acute environmental changes cause stress during conventional deep‐sea biological sampling without in situ fixation and affect gene expressions of samples collected. However, the degree of influence and underlying mechanisms are hardly investigated. Here, we conducted comparative transcriptomic analyses between in situ and onboard fixed gills and between in situ and onboard fixed mantles of deep‐sea mussel Gigantidas haimaensis to assess the effects of incidental sampling stress. Results showed that transcription, translation, and energy metabolism were upregulated in onboard fixed gills and mantles, thereby mobilizing rapid gene expression to tackle the stress. Autophagy and phagocytosis that related to symbiotic interactions between the host and endosymbiont were downregulated in the onboard fixed gills. These findings demonstrated that symbiotic gill and nonsymbiotic mantle responded differently to sampling stress, and symbiosis in the gill was perturbed. Further comparative metatranscriptomic analysis between in situ and onboard fixed gills revealed that stress response genes, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and methane fixation were upregulated in the onboard fixed endosymbiotic Gammaproteobacteria inside the gills, implying that energy metabolism of the endosymbiont was increased to cope with sampling stress. Furthermore, comparative analysis between the mussel G. haimaensis and the limpet Bathyacmaea lactea transcriptomes resultedidentified six transcription factor orthologs upregulated in both onboard fixed mussel mantles and limpets, including sharply increased early growth response protein 1 and Kruppel‐like factor 5. They potentially play key roles in initiating the response of sampled deep‐sea macrobenthos to sampling stress. Our results clearly show that in situ fixed biological samples are vital for studying deep‐sea environmental adaptation.
The impact of design thinking and its underlying theoretical mechanisms: A review of the literature
Authors: Mayer Selina , Schwemmle Martin
Published: July 2024

Design thinking (DT) is of growing interest to academics and practitioners as a practice to approach problem‐solving and innovation Its influence extends beyond the realms of innovation and corporate performance, yet a comprehensive overview of its multifaceted impact remains surprisingly elusive in DT research. Furthermore, explanations for how DT generates such impact are scattered and inadequately grounded in existing literature. Understanding DT impact, therefore, requires a more robust integration with existing literature, synthesizing interdisciplinary research streams. Conducting a systematic literature review to assemble and elucidate the current knowledge and theoretical foundations of DT and its impact, we following a rigourous search process. We screened 1035 publications and included 69 articles for our review. Synthesizing the theories underpinning these papers, we identified four theoretical mechanisms that explain the impact of DT—integration, reframing, enablement and collaborative engagement. We further provide a structured overview of four levels of DT impact that research has examined so far—organizations, teams, individuals and society. Our study advances innovation management research through a holistic overview of the what and how of DT impact. Furthermore, we provide three future perspectives for advancing research on DT impact, aiming to encourage further exploration and understanding in this critical area.
Flavonoid‐enriched extract from stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) regulated lipid accumulation and gut microbiota in obese mice
Authors: Luo Guihong , Zhao Yimeng , Wang Xichang , Yin Mingyu
Published: July 2024

High‐fat‐and‐fructose diet (HFFD) is one of the causes of hyperlipidaemia (HLP), which could directly cause serious diseases that are harmful to human health. The phenolic composition of stevia extract (WeiKe) and its effect of different concentrations on glucose–lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and intestinal microecology in hyperlipidaemia mice were investigated. The results showed that WeiKe could effectively inhibit the increase in body weight and blood glucose levels and regulate lipid metabolism. WeiKe repaired the gut morphology, promoted short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and improved food digestion and absorption. Furthermore, WeiKe reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. These results suggested that stevia extract had a potential modulatory effect on HFFD‐induced HLP.
New insight into the effects of different glycation treatments on the structure and IgG‐binding capacity of α‐lactalbumin
Authors: Yu Ning , Hu Fengxin , Kang Wenhan , Wang Yating , Ning Yibing , Qin Yufei , Li Yang , Chen Ying
Published: July 2024

Alpha‐lactalbumin (α‐LA) is one of the allergens in cow's milk. Glycation modifications can be used to modulate the allergenicity of α‐LA and to clarify the effects of glycation of three reducing sugars (D‐fructose, D‐ribose, and D‐xylose) on the structure and immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐binding capacity of α‐LA. In this study, the colorimetric and spectroscopic methods reflect the degree of glycation. The structural properties of the glycation products were characterised using spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. The IgG‐binding capacity was determined by an indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed a decrease in free amino groups content, an increase in molecular weight. The α‐helix content was reduced, but the β‐sheet and irregular coil content increased, resulting in a more loosened protein structure. All three reducing sugar glycation products had higher IgG‐binding capacity, suggesting that glycation has the potential to enhance α‐LA allergenicity. This study provides different perspectives on the allergenicity of cow's milk allergens modified by different sugar glycations.
Insights into the mechanisms underlying the quality deterioration of a novel frozen pasta product during freeze–thawed cycles
Authors: Zhang Shenying , Niu Mengge , Dang Wenqian , Han Jiajing , Liu Mei , Liang Ying , Yin Lulu , Zhu Haojia , Huang Ying , Zheng Xueling , Liu Chong , Li Limin
Published: July 2024

In this study, a novel frozen pasta product (direct‐fried yeast‐fermented frozen youtiao, DFYF‐frozen youtiao) was developed, and its quality deterioration mechanism was explored from gluten. The comprehensive quality assessment revealed that DFYF‐frozen youtiao essentially satisfied consumers' expectations. However, after 10 freeze–thawed cycles (FTc), its specific volume dropped, accompanied by an 83.3% reduction in gas production capacity. Meanwhile, FTc treatment resulted in a noticeable decrease in springiness and resilience, and increased the hardness and springiness by 32.8% and 44.5% respectively. The deterioration of rheological properties for DFYF‐frozen youtiao dough during FTc was attributed to the loose gluten network, as evidenced by glutenin macropolymer depolymerisation, high hydrophobicity and weak thermal stability of gluten proteins. This study aims to offer technical guidance for producing palatable frozen youtiao with enhanced health attributes and understand the intricate relationships between the characteristics of gluten proteins and quality of DFYF‐frozen youtiao.
Factors associated with workplace stress and health promotion behaviours among Chinese emergency nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhou Yue , Ye Lei , Chen Xiaoli , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2024

The aim

To explore and describe workplace stress levels and health‐promoting behaviours reported by emergency nurses in China, and to investigate factors associated with workplace stress and health‐promoting lifestyle behaviours among emergency nurses.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted between October 2019 and January 2020. Nurses (n = 1565) were recruited from the emergency departments of 54 hospitals within the Sichuan Province of West China. Each subject completed the Chinese versions of the Nurse Workplace Stress Scale, the Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP‐II) and demographic questions. Linear regression analyses were used to identify associations between workplace stress and the health‐promoting lifestyle and risk factors correlated with these two measurements.

Results

Workplace stress was negatively associated with health‐promoting behaviours. Linear regression analysis showed that gender, marital status, whether wages met expected standards and professional rank were found to be associated with health promotion behaviours; marital status, whether income met expected standards, the number of night shifts per month and health promotion behaviours were found to be associated with workplace stress.

Conclusion

Higher levels of workplace stress are associated with lower levels of engagement in health‐promoting behaviours, suggesting the potential for reducing workplace stress through the adoption of healthier habits. Policies should prioritize workplace stress by promoting healthy lifestyle initiatives.
Deformed wing virus genotypes A and B do not elicit immunologically different responses in naïve honey bee hosts
Authors: Norton Amanda M. , Buchmann Gabriele , Ashe Alyson , Watson Owen T. , Beekman Madeleine , Remnant Emily J.
Published: July 2024

Iflavirus aladeformis (Picornavirales: Iflaviridae), commonly known as deformed wing virus(DWV), in association with Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae), is a leading factor associated with honey bee (Apis mellifera L. [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) deaths. The virus and mite have a near global distribution, making it difficult to separate the effect of one from the other. The prevalence of two main DWV genotypes (DWV‐A and DWV‐B) has changed over time, leading to the possibility that the two strains elicit a different immune response by the host. Here, we use a honey bee population naïve to both the mite and the virus to investigate if honey bees show a different immunological response to DWV genotypes. We examined the expression of 19 immune genes by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and analysed small RNA after experimental injection with DWV‐A and DWV‐B. We found no evidence that DWV‐A and DWV‐B elicit different immune responses in honey bees. RNA interference genes were up‐regulated during DWV infection, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) responses were proportional to viral loads yet did not inhibit DWV accumulation. The siRNA response towards DWV was weaker than the response to another honey bee pathogen, Triatovirus nigereginacellulae (Picornavirales: Dicistroviridae; black queen cell virus), suggesting that DWV is comparatively better at evading host antiviral defences. There was no evidence for the production of virus‐derived Piwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in response to DWV. In contrast to previous studies, and in the absence of V. destructor, we found no evidence that DWV has an immunosuppressive effect. Overall, our results advance our understanding of the immunological effect that DWV in isolation elicits in honey bees.
It's not great, but it could be worse! Immigrant job quality in Canada through the lens of relative deprivation theory
Authors: Lamb Danielle , Banerjee Rupa
Published: July 2024

We explore whether immigrants are over(under)represented in poor‐quality employment. We find that, on subjective dimensions, immigrants actually have equal and sometimes superior quality jobs relative to native‐born workers. Immigrant workers perceive higher levels of managerial support and greater ability to complete work during scheduled time. However, on more objective dimensions, immigrants' jobs are poorer than those of their Canadian‐born counterparts, specifically in terms of less access to collective agreement coverage, training, various extended benefits, as well as lower wages and higher incidence of self‐employment. We attempt to reconcile the differences in perceptions of job quality vs. objective outcomes by drawing on relative deprivation theory.
Flight emotions unleashed: Navigating training phases and difficulty levels in simulated flying
Authors: Ruiz‐Segura Alejandra , Law Andrew , Jennings Sion , Bourgon Alain , Churchill Ethan , Lajoie Susanne
Published: July 2024

Background

Flying accuracy is influenced by pilots' affective reactions to task demands. A better understanding of task‐related emotions and flying performance is needed to enhance pilot training.

Objective

Understand pilot trainees' performance and emotional dynamics (intensity, frequency and variability) based on training phase and difficulty level in a flight simulator.

Methods

Twenty‐three volunteers performed basic flight manoeuvres. Trials were divided into three phases: Introduction (trials 1–7), session A (trials 8–15) and session B (trials 16–22). Three task difficulty levels were implemented (low, medium and high). Flying performance was evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE) and expert ratings. Emotional intensity was inferred from physiological (electrodermal activity) and behavioural (facial expressions) emotional responses. Emotional variability was calculated to understand fluctuations among multiple emotions. Emotional responses were mapped into task‐relevant emotions, like sadness with boredom, and fear with anxiety.

Results and Conclusions

The most frequent facial expressions neutral, anger and surprise. Neutral and anger were interpreted as deep focus states. Surprise was likely a response to unexpected events. Flying performance and emotional dynamics varied across training phases and difficulty levels. During introduction, performance was less accurate, and emotions were less frequent. During session A, performance improved while participants experienced more physiological arousal and emotional variability. During session B, performance was the most accurate. In high‐difficulty tasks, performance was the least accurate, participants expressed emotions with more frequency, more variability and higher physiological arousal. Future studies can use simulated flying tasks for trainees to familiarize with their emotional reactions to task demands expecting to improve training outcomes.
A Daoist Critique of Effort in Pierre Hadot's Philosophy
Authors: Harte Ryan
Published: July 2024

This paper offers a critique of Pierre Hadot's idea of philosophy as a way of life with reference to ancient China, particularly the Zhuangzi. The prevailing scholarly emphasis in philosophy as a way of life falls too heavily on individual will and effortful exertion—thus Hadot's description of what he calls “spiritual exercises.” I argue for counterbalancing the focus on effortful self‐cultivation with attention to the role of passivity, receptiveness, and chance in the good life—collectively termed “grace.” After a discussion of the overemphasis on effort in self‐cultivation, I turn to the Zhuangzi as an illustrative source of the importance of grace.
Binucleate Rhizoctonia on potato: Geographic distribution, identification, taxonomy, genomics, host range and disease management
Authors: Muzhinji Norman , Lekota Moleboheng
Published: July 2024

Anastomosis groups belonging to the genus Rhizoctonia are phytopathogenic fungi that affect many agricultural crops and are well distributed globally. Among these, Rhizoctonia solani is the dominant, aggressive, widely distributed and the most extensively studied species within the Rhizoctonia genus because of its dominance as a plant pathogen. However, limited attention has been given to other Rhizoctonia species as they were believed to have little or no role in causing diseases on potatoes. Recently, accumulating information indicated that binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR), previously considered to be saprophytic, mycorrhizal and even biocontrol agent, is phytopathogenic on many agricultural crops including potato. Up until now, there has been no comprehensive review on BNR. However, there is an intense need to understand its taxonomy, biology, detection, genomics and management, not only due to the growing increased survival and occurrence in various climatic conditions. The limited diagnostic methods, and genomic knowledge make understanding and managing of BNR species difficult. This review outlines the information available in peer‐reviewed literature regarding the BNR anastomosis groups associated with potato diseases, geographical distribution, detection methods, genomics, nomenclature and taxonomical evolution along with some possible management and control strategies.
Hepatitis C epidemiology and treatment outcomes in Italy: Impact of the DAA era and the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tramonti Fantozzi Maria Paola , Ceccarelli Luca , Petri Davide , De Vita Erica , Agostini Antonello , Colombatto Piero , Stasi Cristina , Rossetti Barbara , Brunetto Maurizia , Surace Lidia , Salvati Antonio , Calì Alessia , Tacconi Danilo , Bianco Claudia , Redi David , Fabbiani Massimiliano , Panza Francesca , Luchi Sauro , Modica Sara , Moneta Sara , Iacopini Sarah , Nencioni Cesira , Chigiotti Silvia , Ottaviano Giulia , Zignego Anna Linda , Blanc Pierluigi , Pierotti Piera , Mariabelli Elisa , Berni Roberto , Silvestri Caterina , Tavoschi Lara
Published: July 2024

HCV infection poses a global health threat, with significant morbidity and mortality. This study examines HCV trends in a large Italian region from 2015 to 2022, considering demographic changes, evolving clinical profiles, treatment regimens and outcomes, including the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This multicentre retrospective study analysed demographics, clinical histories and risk factors in 6882 HCV patients. The study spanned before and after the direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) era, and the COVID‐19 period, focusing on treatment outcomes (SVR12, non‐SVR12 and patients lost to follow‐up). Statistical methods included ANOVA, multinomial logistic regression, Kruskal–Wallis test and chi‐square analysis, and were conducted adhering to the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) principle. The cohort, mainly Italian males (average age 58.88), showed Genotype 1 dominance (56.6%) and a high SVR12 rate (97.5%). The pandemic increased follow‐up losses, yet SVR12 rates remained stable, influenced by factors like age, gender, cirrhosis and comorbidities. Despite COVID‐19 challenges, the region sustained high SVR12 rates in HCV care, emphasising the importance of sustained efforts in HCV care. Continuous screening and targeted interventions in high‐risk populations are crucial for achieving WHO elimination targets. The study highlights the resilience of HCV care during the pandemic and provides insights for future public health strategies.
Lymphatic Capillarization in Different Fiber Types of Rat Skeletal Muscles With Growth and Age
Authors: Taketa Yoshikazu , Tamakoshi Keigo , Hotta Kazuki , Maki Shutaro , Taguchi Toru , Takahashi Hideaki
Published: July 2024

Objective

To clarify the effect of growth and advancing age on lymphatic capillarization in rat skeletal muscles, we examined the histological and biochemical changes of lymphatic capillaries in different fiber types of skeletal muscles across juvenile, young, and middle‐aged generations.

Methods

We collected the tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus (SOL) muscles. Immunohistochemical staining using LYVE‐1 and CD31 markers was used for lymphatic and blood capillaries, respectively. Real‐time PCR was used to analyze mRNA expression of lymphangiogenic factors.

Results

The density of LYVE‐1‐positive lymphatic capillaries in the muscles peaked during the juvenile period and subsequently decreased with increasing age. In contrast to blood capillaries, fast‐twitch dominant muscles (i.e., TA and EDL) exhibited an age‐related decrease in lymphatic capillaries. Similar to blood capillaries, lymphatic capillaries were abundant in SOL, a slow‐twitch dominant muscle, which showed less susceptibility to age‐related lymphatic decline. The mRNA expression of lymphangiogenic factors was significantly upregulated in SOL and decreased in all muscles of middle‐aged rats.

Conclusions

The age‐related decrease of lymphatic capillaries in fast‐twitch muscles might be associated with age‐related muscle atrophy.
Characterization of idiopathic chronic diarrhea and associated intestinal inflammation and preliminary observations of effects of vagal nerve stimulation in a non‐human primate
Authors: Populin Luis C. , Rajala Abigail Z. , Matkowskyj Kristina A. , Saha Sumona , Zeng Weifeng , Christian Bradley , McVea Andrew , Tay Emmy Xue , Mueller Ellie M. , Malone Margaret E. , Brust‐Mascher Ingrid , McMillan Alan B. , Ludwig Kip A. , Suminski Aaron J. , Reardon Colin , Furness John B.
Published: July 2024

Background

Diarrhea is commonly associated with irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, microscopic colitis, and other gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Spontaneously occurring idiopathic chronic diarrhea is frequent in rhesus macaques, but has not been used as a model for the investigation of diarrhea or its treatment. We characterized this condition and present preliminary data demonstrating that left vagal nerve stimulation provides relief.

Methods

Stool consistency scores were followed for up to 12 years. Inflammation was assessed by plasma C‐reactive protein, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, measured by positron emission tomography (PET), multiplex T cell localization, endoscopy and histology. The vagus was stimulated for 9 weeks in conscious macaques, using fully implanted electrodes, under wireless control.

Key Results

Macaques exhibited recurrent periods of diarrhea for up to 12 years, and signs of inflammation: elevated plasma C‐reactive protein, increased bowel FDG uptake and increased mucosal T helper1 T‐cells. The colon and distal ileum were endoscopically normal, and histology revealed mild colonic inflammation. Application of vagal nerve stimulation to conscious macaques (10 Hz, 30 s every 3 h; 24 h a day for 9 weeks) significantly reduced severity of diarrhea and also reduced inflammation, as measured by FDG uptake and C‐reactive protein.

Conclusions and Inferences

These macaques exhibit spontaneously occurring diarrhea with intestinal inflammation that can be reduced by VNS. The data demonstrate the utility of this naturally occurring primate model to study the physiology and treatments for chronic diarrhea and the neural control circuits influencing diarrhea and inflammation that are not accessible in human subjects.