bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultradurable underwater superoleophobic surfaces obtained by vapor-synthesized layered polymer nanocoatings for highly efficient oil–water separation
Authors: Feng Jingang , Sun Min , Ye Yumin
Published: June 2017

Layered polymer nanocoatings synthesized by vapor phase polymerization deposition enable underwater superoleophobic surfaces with excellent oil–water separation capability and ultradurability.
Water-repairable zwitterionic polymer coatings for anti-biofouling surfaces
Authors: Wang Zhanhua , van Andel Esther , Pujari Sidharam P. , Feng Huanhuan , Dijksman Joshua A. , Smulders Maarten M. J. , Zuilhof Han
Published: June 2017

We developed a strategy to prepare new types of zwitterionic polymer network (ZPN) coatings that display excellent self-healing and anti-biofouling properties.
“Freezing”, morphing, and folding of stretchy tough hydrogels
Authors: Li Tianzhen , Wang Jiahui , Zhang Liyun , Yang Jinbin , Yang Mengyan , Zhu Deyong , Zhou Xiaohu , Handschuh-Wang Stephan , Liu Yizhen , Zhou Xuechang
Published: June 2017

Complex 3D structures were designed and fabricated from tough hydrogels by simply soaking Fe3+ ions or patterning.
Speech Versus Speaking: The Experiences of People With Parkinson's Disease and Implications for Intervention
Authors: Yorkston Kathryn , Baylor Carolyn , Britton Deanna
Published: June 2017

Purpose

In this project, we explore the experiences of people who report speech changes associated with Parkinson's disease as they describe taking part in everyday communication situations and report impressions related to speech treatment.

Method

Twenty-four community-dwelling adults with Parkinson's disease took part in face-to-face, semistructured interviews. Qualitative research methods were used to code and develop themes related to the interviews.

Results

Two major themes emerged. The first, called “speaking,” included several subthemes: thinking about speaking, weighing value versus effort, feelings associated with speaking, the environmental context of speaking, and the impact of Parkinson's disease on speaking. The second theme involved “treatment experiences” and included subthemes: choosing not to have treatment, the clinician, drills and exercise, and suggestions for change.

Conclusions

From the perspective of participants with Parkinson's disease, speaking is an activity requiring both physical and cognitive effort that takes place in a social context. Although many report positive experiences with speech treatment, some reported dissatisfaction with speech drills and exercises and a lack of focus on the social aspects of communication. Suggestions for improvement include increased focus on the cognitive demands of speaking and on the psychosocial aspects of communication.
Fricative Contrast and Coarticulation in Children With and Without Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Maas Edwin , Mailend Marja-Liisa
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was, first, to expand our understanding of typical speech development regarding segmental contrast and anticipatory coarticulation, and second, to explore the potential diagnostic utility of acoustic measures of fricative contrast and anticipatory coarticulation in children with speech sound disorders (SSD).

Method

In a cross-sectional design, 10 adults, 17 typically developing children, and 11 children with SSD repeated carrier phrases with novel words with fricatives (/s/, /ʃ/). Dependent measures were 2 ratios derived from spectral mean, obtained from perceptually accurate tokens. Group analyses compared adults and typically developing children; individual children with SSD were compared to their respective typically developing peers.

Results

Typically developing children demonstrated smaller fricative acoustic contrast than adults but similar coarticulatory patterns. Three children with SSD showed smaller fricative acoustic contrast than their typically developing peers, and 2 children showed abnormal coarticulation. The 2 children with abnormal coarticulation both had a clinical diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech; no clear pattern was evident regarding SSD subtype for smaller fricative contrast.

Conclusions

Children have not reached adult-like speech motor control for fricative production by age 10 even when fricatives are perceptually accurate. Present findings also suggest that abnormal coarticulation but not reduced fricative contrast is SSD-subtype–specific.

Supplemental Materials

S1:
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5103070
. S2 and S3:
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5106508
Factors Associated With Communicative Participation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Yorkston Kathryn , Baylor Carolyn , Mach Helen
Published: June 2017

Purpose

People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis frequently experience bulbar impairment and dysarthria that may restrict their ability to take part in everyday communication situations. The aim of this study is to examine selected variables that may contribute to restrictions in communicative participation.

Method

Community-dwelling participants with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (
N
= 70) who reported communication changes but continued to use natural speech completed a survey, including the Communicative Participation Item Bank, demographics (age, sex, living situation, employment status, education, and time since diagnosis), and self- reported symptom-related variables (physical activity, emotional problems, fatigue, pain, speech severity, speech usage, and cognitive and communication skills). To identify predictors of restrictions in communicative participation, these variables were entered into a backward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

Three variables (speech severity, swallowing severity, and speech usage) were included in the final model and accounted for 55% of the variability.

Conclusions

Better speech and swallowing skills and higher speech usage are associated with better communicative participation in this sample. Thus, when making clinical decisions regarding intervention, clinicians should continue their efforts to target speech and swallow abilities, while recognizing other variables that have the potential of restricting communicative participation.
Enhancing Intervention for Residual Rhotic Errors Via App-Delivered Biofeedback: A Case Study
Authors: Byun Tara McAllister , Campbell Heather , Carey Helen , Liang Wendy , Park Tae Hong , Svirsky Mario
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Recent research suggests that visual-acoustic biofeedback can be an effective treatment for residual speech errors, but adoption remains limited due to barriers including high cost and lack of familiarity with the technology. This case study reports results from the first participant to complete a course of visual-acoustic biofeedback using a not-for-profit iOS app, Speech Therapist's App for /r/ Treatment.

Method

App-based biofeedback treatment for rhotic misarticulation was provided in weekly 30-min sessions for 20 weeks. Within-treatment progress was documented using clinician perceptual ratings and acoustic measures. Generalization gains were assessed using acoustic measures of word probes elicited during baseline, treatment, and maintenance sessions.

Results

Both clinician ratings and acoustic measures indicated that the participant significantly improved her rhotic production accuracy in trials elicited during treatment sessions. However, these gains did not transfer to generalization probes.

Conclusions

This study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration that app-based biofeedback is a viable alternative to costlier dedicated systems. Generalization of gains to contexts without biofeedback remains a challenge that requires further study. App-delivered biofeedback could enable clinician–research partnerships that would strengthen the evidence base while providing enhanced treatment for children with residual rhotic errors.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5116318
On the Regioselectivity of the Nickel-Catalyzed Insertion of Alkynes into the Carbon–Carbon Bond of Oxetan-3-one
Authors: Aïssa Christophe , Barday Manuel , Janot Christopher , Clare Daniel , Carr-Knox Caitlin , Higginson Bradley , Ho Kelvin
Published: June 2017

The study of the regioselectivity of insertion of unsymmetrical alkynes into the carbon–carbon bond of oxetan-3-one in the presence of a nickel catalyst has revealed a strong directing effect of a 2-thienyl substituent. This effect is larger than those of 2-vinylbenzene, trimethylsilyl, aryl, or 3-thienyl groups.
Volar Distal Radius Anatomy Applied to the Treatment of Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Akita Keiichi , Imatani Junya
Published: June 2017

Volar locking plate (VLP) fixation has become the standard surgical treatment for distal radius fractures. However, flexor tendon rupture is one of the major complications following volar plating. This detailed review on the anatomy and morphology of the volar distal radius might facilitate appropriate placement of the volar plate and thereby avoid flexor tendon rupture. We introduce safe and secure VLP fixation along standard surgical procedures to avoid complications based on anatomy of the volar surface of the distal radius.
Ein Fall von M. Crohn
Authors: Müller H.V.
Published: June 2017

Schlußfolgerung: Sogar so schwere Krankheiten wie der Morbus Crohn können mit der homöopathischen Therapie beherrscht werden. Bedingung ist aber die richtige Mittelwahl, wobei ich mit den durch die Psychoanamnese gefundenen Mitteln die besten Erfolge hatte. Siehe die beiden Colitis-ulcerosa-Fälle, die ich in meinem im Jahre 1981 im Haug Verlag erschienenen Buch "Die Psychoanamnese" anführte.
Fall
Authors: Müller H.V.
Published: June 2017

Die Patientin kam wegen diffuser Allgemeinbeschwerden zum Arzt. Bei der Psychoanamnese stellte sich eine neurotische Beziehungsstörung heraus. Die Analyse dieser Symptomatik ergab Pulsatilla, das in einer Einzelgabe nicht nur die geklagten Beschwerden, sondern auch die Einstellung zum Partner positiv änderte.
Piatinakasuistik
Authors: Müller H.V.
Published: June 2017

An einer Piatinakasuistik wird gezeigt, daß nicht eine vordergründige Betrachtung der Symptomatik und die mechanische Repertorisation zum Simile führen, sondern erst eine intensive Befassung mit dem Verhalten der Patientin die für sie charakteristischen Wahlanzeigen erkennen läßt.
Ein Fall nach "ROBERTS"
Authors: Müller H.V.
Published: June 2017

Nur ein Symptom, nämlich das Gefühl eines "überkochendes Topfes in der Magengegend", liefert den ersten Hinweis auf das passende Mittel. Ein Vergleich mit der Materia Medica beweist die Richtigkeit des Mittels.
Kindliches Asthma
Authors: Müller H.V.
Published: June 2017

Rückzug

Dieser Artikel wurde zurückgezogen.
Optical derotator alignment using image-processing algorithm for tracking laser vibrometer measurements of rotating objects
Authors: Khalil Hossam , Kim Dongkyu , Jo Youngjoon , Park Kyihwan
Published: June 2017

An optical component called a Dove prism is used to rotate the laser beam of a laser-scanning vibrometer (LSV). This is called a derotator and is used for measuring the vibration of rotating objects. The main advantage of a derotator is that it works independently from an LSV. However, this device requires very specific alignment, in which the axis of the Dove prism must coincide with the rotational axis of the object. If the derotator is misaligned with the rotating object, the results of the vibration measurement are imprecise, owing to the alteration of the laser beam on the surface of the rotating object. In this study, a method is proposed for aligning a derotator with a rotating object through an image-processing algorithm that obtains the trajectory of a landmark attached to the object. After the trajectory of the landmark is mathematically modeled, the amount of derotator misalignment with respect to the object is calculated. The accuracy of the proposed method for aligning the derotator with the rotating object is experimentally tested.
Large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow and structures in a square duct roughened with perpendicular and V-shaped ribs
Authors: Fang Xingjun , Yang Zixuan , Wang Bing-Chen , Tachie Mark F. , Bergstrom Donald J.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, highly disturbed turbulent flows confined within a square duct with uniformly spaced V-shaped ribs mounted on one wall are investigated using large-eddy simulation (LES). Two V-shaped (60° and 45°) rib cases are studied in comparison with the perpendicular (90°) rib case. The LES results are validated against a set of water-channel measurement data newly acquired by the authors. The effects of different shaped ribs on turbulent flow are systematically studied in terms of the mean velocity field, turbulence statistics, and coherent structures. The results show that strong secondary flows in the pattern of a pair of large symmetrical streamwise-elongated vortices exist in all three rib cases. The impacts of rib geometry on turbulent coherent structures are investigated using vortex identifiers, temporal autocorrections, spatial two-point autocorrelations, and velocity spectra.
The excess proton at the air-water interface: The role of instantaneous liquid interfaces
Authors: Giberti Federico , Hassanali Ali A.
Published: June 2017

The magnitude of the pH of the surface of water continues to be a contentious topic in the physical chemistry of aqueous interfaces. Recent theoretical studies have shown little or no preference for the proton to be at the surface compared to the bulk. Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we revisit the propensity of the excess proton for the air-water interface with a particular focus on the role of instantaneous liquid interfaces. We find a more pronounced presence for the proton to be at the air-water interface. The enhanced water structuring around the proton results in the presence of proton wires that run parallel to the surface as well as a hydrophobic environment made up of under-coordinated topological defect water molecules, both of which create favorable conditions for proton confinement at the surface. The Grotthuss mechanism within the structured water layer involves a mixture of both concerted and closely spaced stepwise proton hops. The proton makes excursions within the first solvation layer either in proximity to or along the instantaneous interface.
Predicting vapor-liquid phase equilibria with augmented ab initio interatomic potentials
Authors: Vlasiuk Maryna , Sadus Richard J.
Published: June 2017

The ability of ab initio interatomic potentials to accurately predict vapor-liquid phase equilibria is investigated. Monte Carlo simulations are reported for the vapor-liquid equilibria of argon and krypton using recently developed accurate ab initio interatomic potentials. Seventeen interatomic potentials are studied, formulated from different combinations of two-body plus three-body terms. The simulation results are compared to either experimental or reference data for conditions ranging from the triple point to the critical point. It is demonstrated that the use of ab initio potentials enables systematic improvements to the accuracy of predictions via the addition of theoretically based terms. The contribution of three-body interactions is accounted for using the Axilrod-Teller-Muto plus other multipole contributions and the effective Marcelli-Wang-Sadus potentials. The results indicate that the predictive ability of recent interatomic potentials, obtained from quantum chemical calculations, is comparable to that of accurate empirical models. It is demonstrated that the Marcelli-Wang-Sadus potential can be used in combination with accurate two-body ab initio models for the computationally inexpensive and accurate estimation of vapor-liquid phase equilibria.
Growth of electronically distinct manganite thin films by modulating cation stoichiometry
Authors: Ryu Sangkyun , Lee Joonhyuk , Ahn Eunyoung , Kim Ji woong , Herklotz Andreas , Bae Jong-Seong , Lee Ho Nyung , Kim Young hak , Kim Jae-Young , Jeon Tae-Yeol , Cho Jinhyung , Park Sungkyun , Jeen Hyoungjeen
Published: June 2017

Nd1-xSrxMnO3 is a well-known manganite due to close connection among structure, transport, magnetism, and chemistry. Thus, it would be an ideal system to study the modification of physical properties by external stimuli including control of stoichiometry in growth. In this work, we show that an abrupt change of electronic and magnetic properties can be achieved by a subtle change of oxygen partial pressure in pulsed laser deposition. Interestingly, the pressure indeed modulates cation stoichiometry. We clearly observed that the films grown at 140 mTorr and higher showed clear insulator to metal transition and stronger magnetism, commonly found in less hole doping, while the films grown at 130 mTorr and lower showed insulating behavior and weak magnetism. From soft x-ray spectroscopic methods, we clearly observed the compositional difference in those thin films. This result is further supported by scattering of lighter elements in high oxygen partial pressure but not by anion deficiency in growth.
Beam-plasma instability and density holes: Langmuir wave-packet formation and particle acceleration
Authors: Sgattoni A. , Amiranoff F. , Briand C. , Henri P. , Grech M. , Riconda C.
Published: June 2017

The role of density perturbations of the background plasma in the development of Langmuir waves generated by beam-plasma instabilities is a very debated issue in space physics. The presence of clumpy electrostatic wave-packets (in particular Langmuir waves), from in situ observations, is indeed puzzling. Several processes have been proposed to explain the formation of waveforms, such as Stochastic Growth Theory and trapping in eigenmodes. Here we explore another mechanism considering the seeding of the beam-plasma instability by density holes. We have performed several 1D-1V Vlasov simulations in the electrostatic limit. We show that in the presence of a density hole, a large amplitude solitary wave-packet of Langmuir waves is formed and that it evolves towards clumpier waveforms. Moreover, the large-amplitude wave-packets generated near the hole can reach saturation and accelerate the electrons of the beam: their velocity distribution is strongly distorted, leading to a multi-peaked structure that generates new unstable modes having phase velocities both larger and smaller than the average speed of the beam. The relationship between the wave amplitude and the characteristics of the density hole is also described, showing how the electron beam may select specific holes to generate enhanced localised Langmuir wave-packets.
Ultrasonic phased array with surface acoustic wave for imaging cracks
Authors: Ohara Yoshikazu , Oshiumi Taro , Nakajima Hiromichi , Yamanaka Kazushi , Wu Xiaoyang , Uchimoto Tetsuya , Takagi Toshiyuki , Tsuji Toshihiro , Mihara Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2017

To accurately measure crack lengths, we developed a real-time surface imaging method (SAW PA) combining an ultrasonic phased array (PA) with a surface acoustic wave (SAW). SAW PA using a Rayleigh wave with a high sensitivity to surface defects was implemented for contact testing using a wedge with the third critical angle that allows the Rayleigh wave to be generated. Here, to realize high sensitivity imaging, SAW PA was optimized in terms of the wedge and the imaging area. The improved SAW PA was experimentally demonstrated using a fatigue crack specimen made of an aluminum alloy. For further verification in more realistic specimens, SAW PA was applied to stainless-steel specimens with a fatigue crack and stress corrosion cracks (SCCs). The fatigue crack was visualized with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and its length was measured with a high accuracy of better than 1 mm. The SCCs generated in the heat-affected zones (HAZs) of a weld were successfully visualized with a satisfactory SNR, although responses at coarse grains appeared throughout the imaging area. The SCC lengths were accurately measured. The imaging results also precisely showed complicated distributions of SCCs, which were in excellent agreement with the optically observed distributions.
Individual hollow and mesoporous aero-graphitic microtube based devices for gas sensing applications
Authors: Lupan Oleg , Postica Vasile , Marx Janik , Mecklenburg Matthias , Mishra Yogendra K. , Schulte Karl , Fiedler Bodo , Adelung Rainer
Published: June 2017

In this work, individual hollow and mesoporous graphitic microtubes were integrated into electronic devices using a FIB/SEM system and were investigated as gas and vapor sensors by applying different bias voltages (in the range of 10 mV–1 V). By increasing the bias voltage, a slight current enhancement is observed, which is mainly attributed to the self-heating effect. A different behavior of ammonia NH3 vapor sensing by increasing the applied bias voltage for hollow and mesoporous microtubes with diameters down to 300 nm is reported. In the case of the hollow microtube, an increase in the response was observed, while a reverse effect has been noticed for the mesoporous microtube. It might be explained on the basis of the higher specific surface area (SSA) of the mesoporous microtube compared to the hollow one. Thus, at room temperature when the surface chemical reaction rate (k) prevails on the gas diffusion rate (DK) the structures with a larger SSA possess a higher response. By increasing the bias voltage, i.e., the overall temperature of the structure, DK becomes a limiting step in the gas response. Therefore, at higher bias voltages the larger pores will facilitate an enhanced gas diffusion, i.e., a higher gas response. The present study demonstrates the importance of the material porosity towards gas sensing applications.
Determination of sendust intrinsic permeability from microwave constitutive parameters of composites with sendust spheres and flakes
Authors: Starostenko Sergey N. , Rozanov Konstantin N. , Shiryaev Artem O. , Shalygin Alexander N. , Lagarkov Andrey N.
Published: June 2017

Intrinsic permeability of sendust alloys is determined from the measured microwave permittivity and permeability of composites filled with either spherical or flaky sendust powders. The permittivity and permeability measurements are performed applying the coaxial reflection-transmission technique in the 0.05 to 18 GHz frequency range. The effects of the filling factor, inclusion shape, and size on composite constitutive parameters are discussed. The permeability of metal inclusion is retrieved from the measured permeability of composites using a generalized Maxwell Garnett equation that accounts for the percolation threshold. The equation parameters are found by fitting the measured dependence of composite permittivity and permeability on frequency and filling. The inclusion dimensions calculated from the found parameters agree with the results of grain-size analyses. The alloy intrinsic permeability is retrieved from inclusion permeability with the account for skinning. The fitted frequency and damping factor of ferromagnetic resonance depend on the inclusion shape. The calculated reflectivity map of the flake-filled composite shows that sendust powders are promising fillers for interference suppressors and microwave absorbers at frequencies close to 1 GHz.
Nonzero electric polarization and four magnetoelectric states at zero magnetic field in Cr-doped Y-type hexaferrite
Authors: Wang Yongqiang , Zhang Shile , Zhu W. K. , Ling Langsheng , Zhang Lei , Qu Zhe , Pi Li , Tong Wei , Tian Mingliang , Zhang Yuheng
Published: June 2017

We report here an enhanced magnetoelectric effect in a Y-type hexaferrite Ba0.5Sr1.5Zn2Fe12O22 with Fe3+ ions partially substituted by magnetic Cr3+ ions (i.e., BSZFCO). The direct magnetoelectric effect is persistent up to 250 K, with the maximal susceptibility of ∼1309 ps/m at 75 K. More importantly, the pronounced non-zero electric polarization at zero magnetic field and four magnetoelectric states induced by different initial poling fields make it quite unique to serve in a magnetoelectric device. The stability of the direct (inverse) magnetoelectric effect is confirmed by the nonvolatile behavior in response to the cyclically sweeping magnetic (electric) fields. Our studies provide an insight into the nontrivial properties of BSZFCO, which are promising for multiferroic applications.
Characterization of electrostatic shock in laser-produced optically-thin plasma flows using optical diagnostics
Authors: Morita T. , Sakawa Y. , Kuramitsu Y. , Dono S. , Aoki H. , Tanji H. , Waugh J. N. , Gregory C. D. , Koenig M. , Woolsey N. C. , Takabe H.
Published: June 2017

We present a method for evaluating the properties of electrostatic shock in laser-produced plasmas by using optical diagnostics. A shock is formed by a collimated jet in counter-streaming plasmas in nearly collisionless condition, showing the steepening of the transition width in time. In the present experiment, a streaked optical pyrometry was applied to evaluate the electron density and temperatures in the upstream and downstream regions of the shock so that the shock conditions are satisfied, by assuming thermal bremsstrahlung emission in optically thin plasmas. The derived electron densities are nearly consistent with those estimated from interferometry.
Controlling femtosecond-laser-driven shock-waves in hot, dense plasma
Authors: Adak Amitava , Singh Prashant Kumar , Blackman David R. , Lad Amit D. , Chatterjee Gourab , Pasley John , Robinson A. P. L. , Ravindra Kumar G.
Published: June 2017

Ultrafast pump-probe reflectometry and Doppler spectrometry of a supercritical density plasma layer excited by 1017–1018 W/cm2 intensity, 30 fs, and 800 nm laser pulses reveal the interplay of laser intensity contrast and inward shock wave strength. The inward shock wave velocity increases with an increase in laser intensity contrast. This trend is supported by simulations as well as by a separate independent experiment employing an external prepulse to control the inward motion of the shock wave. This kind of cost-effective control of shock wave strength using femtosecond pulses could open up new applications in medicine, science, and engineering.
Observation of the thermal conductivity of warm dense tungsten plasma generated by a pulsed-power discharge using laser-induced fluorescence
Authors: Sugimoto Satoshi , Watabe Arata , Sugimoto Yuki , Kusano Shingo , Takahashi Kazumasa , Sasaki Toru , Kikuchi Takashi , Harada Nob.
Published: June 2017

To observe the transport properties of a sample of warm dense matter, we used laser-induced fluorescence to measure the thermal conductivity of tungsten plasma confined within a rigid, ruby capillary tube. We determined the density and temperature of the plasma generated by an isochoric heating device using a pulsed-power discharge. The density was determined by the initial diameter of the tungsten wire used, and the temperature was obtained by spectroscopic measurements. The temperature of the ruby capillary was obtained from its fluorescence intensity, which depends on the temperature of the outer wall. We found the thermal conductivity to be approximately 30 W/K m, thus demonstrating that the thermal conductivity of warm dense matter states can be directly evaluated using the proposed method.
Behavior of 23S metastable state He atoms in low-temperature recombining plasmas
Authors: Kajita Shin , Tsujihara Tadashi , Aramaki Mitsutoshi , van der Meiden Hennie , Oshima Hiroshi , Ohno Noriyasu , Tanaka Hirohiko , Yasuhara Ryo , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Fujii Keisuke , Shikama Taiichi
Published: June 2017

We measured the electron density and temperature using laser Thomson scattering and metastable state (23S) of He atoms by laser absorption spectroscopy in the detached recombining plasmas in the divertor simulator NAGDIS-II. Using the measured electron density and temperature combined with the particle trajectory trace simulation, we discussed the behavior of the metastable state He atoms based on comparisons with the experimental results. It is shown that the metastable state atoms are mainly produced in the peripheral region of the plasma column, where the temperature is lower than the central part, and diffused in the vacuum vessel. It was shown that the 0D model is not valid and the transport of the metastable states is to be taken into account for the population distribution of He atoms in the detached plasmas.
Surface modification effects on coercivity of the CoFe2O4 thin films with different thickness La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layers
Authors: Tang Xianwu , Wei Renhuai , Hu Lin , Zhu Xiaoguang , Yang Jie , Dai Jianming , Song Wenhai , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping
Published: June 2017

High coercivity CoFe2O4 (CFO) thin films with large-area are very desirable for applications. Here, we report La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) layer decoration effects on coercivity in CFO thin films by solution processing. With LSMO layer decoration, the coercivity increases initially and then decreases with increasing LSMO layer thickness. Strain induced by the mismatched thermal expansion coefficient and magnetostrictive coefficient as well as the interfacial magnetic exchange coupling between CFO and LSMO are investigated. The room temperature out-of-plane and in-plane coercivity reached 7.6 and 4.9 kOe, respectively, are obtained, which are the highest values in solution derived CFO thin films. The improved coercivity is beneficial for applications and provides a facile route to enhance coercivity of CFO thin films through surface modification by soft magnetic layers.
Impact of longitudinal refractive index change on the near-field width of high-power broad-area diode lasers
Authors: Rauch S. , Wenzel H. , Radziunas M. , Haas M. , Tränkle G. , Zimer H.
Published: June 2017

Typical for broad-area laser (BAL) diodes operating in a continuous-wave mode is a narrowing of the near-field (NF) width at the output facet for high injection currents (output powers). This phenomenon increases the facet load of BALs, resulting in a reduction in the level of catastrophic optical mirror damage. In this letter, we demonstrate theoretically that thermally induced changes in the refractive index in both lateral and longitudinal directions not only cause the NF narrowing at the front facet but also a broadening of the NF at the back facet. In contrast, a sole lateral self-heating induced variation in the refractive index (commonly referred to as thermal lensing) does not result in a NF narrowing. Our theoretical findings are confirmed by measurements of the current-dependent profiles of the NF at the back and front facets of a BAL with a stripe width of 120 μm emitting at 960 nm. Furthermore, our quasi three-dimensional thermo-electro-optic simulations indicate that a longitudinally homogeneous device temperature can reduce the front-facet load while keeping the beam quality unchanged compared with the experimental results.
IGF2BP1 overexpression causes fetal-like hemoglobin expression patterns in cultured human adult erythroblasts
Authors: de Vasconcellos Jaira F. , Tumburu Laxminath , Byrnes Colleen , Lee Y. Terry , Xu Pauline C. , Li May , Rabel Antoinette , Clarke Benjamin A. , Guydosh Nicholas R. , Proia Richard L. , Miller Jeffery L.
Published: June 2017

Significance

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression is a tissue- and stage-specific marker of ontogeny in large mammals, which also has therapeutic importance for beta hemoglobinopathies. The heterochronic
let-7
miRNAs, which regulate the time and sequence of stage-specific developmental events, have also been shown to regulate HbF in adult human erythroblasts. Here we provide a focused investigation of a
let-7
target named “insulin-like growth-factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1” (IGF2BP1), for its potential role in reactivating HbF in adult cells. IGF2BP1 overexpression caused robust increases of HbF and a reversal from the adult toward a fetal-like globin phenotype. IGF2BP1 effects are partially mediated by posttranscriptional regulation of the known HbF regulator BCL11A. These results suggest a novel mechanism for the regulation of BCL11A and HbF in humans.
Insect outbreak shifts the direction of selection from fast to slow growth rates in the long-lived conifer
Pinus ponderosa
Authors: de la Mata Raul , Hood Sharon , Sala Anna
Published: June 2017

Significance

Understanding selection dynamics over time is fundamental for predicting evolutionary potential. This is critical in long-lived organisms, particularly trees, which are at increased risk of mortality because of climate change-related drought and associated stresses. For ponderosa pine, we show rare direct empirical evidence of strong context-dependent fluctuating selection on growth rates over time: fast growth was selected for before a mountain pine beetle outbreak but against after the outbreak, when a growth–survival trade-off emerged. Our results provide insight into the mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of genetic diversity in a long-lived organism, and show that strong and fluctuating selection can contribute to the evolutionary potential of trees under climate change.
Muscarinic receptor regulates extracellular signal regulated kinase by two modes of arrestin binding
Authors: Jung Seung-Ryoung , Kushmerick Christopher , Seo Jong Bae , Koh Duk-Su , Hille Bertil
Published: June 2017

Significance

G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) can transmit external signals into the cytoplasm via the activation of G proteins. They also mediate G-protein–independent signaling that uses arrestin to activate an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade. Using real-time optical measurements, we show that arrestin binds in two modes. Stable binding of arrestin to phosphorylated amino acids in the third intracellular loop of the muscarinic receptor upregulates ERK. Transient binding of arrestin to the unphosphorylated receptor downregulates ERK. Thus, the signaling bias of ERK can be determined by binding modes of arrestin to the receptors. Our results suggest a molecular mechanism for GPCR-arrestin-ERK coupling and pave the way for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Free will beliefs predict attitudes toward unethical behavior and criminal punishment
Authors: Martin Nathan D. , Rigoni Davide , Vohs Kathleen D.
Published: June 2017

Significance

Understanding the bases of moral judgment has been a longstanding goal of social science. Factors undergirding morality are argued to be both globally uniform and regionally variable. The current study found evidence of both. For residents of countries with low levels of corruption and transparent systems of governance, free will beliefs predicted greater support for harsh criminal punishment and an intolerance of unethical behavior. For residents of countries beset with corruption and obfuscation, free will beliefs predicted greater support for criminal punishment but were decoupled from judgments of unethical behavior. These findings confirm causal conclusions from experimental research about the influence of free will beliefs on moral judgments and demonstrate variation by sociopolitical context.
Pathogen exploitation of an abscisic acid- and jasmonate-inducible MAPK phosphatase and its interception by
Arabidopsis
immunity
Authors: Mine Akira , Berens Matthias L. , Nobori Tatsuya , Anver Shajahan , Fukumoto Kaori , Winkelmüller Thomas M. , Takeda Atsushi , Becker Dieter , Tsuda Kenichi
Published: June 2017

Significance

Pathogens cause disease by deploying virulence effectors that interfere with various host targets, whereas plants counteract pathogen virulence when invoking a potent immunity known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Little is known about the mechanism underlying this molecular battle between plant immunity and pathogen virulence. We find that the phytohormones abscisic acid and jasmonate (JA), the signaling pathways of which are often exploited by pathogens, transcriptionally activate a common family of protein phosphatases that suppress immune-associated MAP kinases. We demonstrate that a bacterial pathogen exploits the JA-mediated suppression of MAP kinases by using a JA-mimic, whereas ETI blocks JA signaling to counteract this bacterial virulence. Our results highlight suppression and protection of MAP kinases as a molecular battle between pathogens and plants.
Targeting cancer cell integrins using gold nanorods in photothermal therapy inhibits migration through affecting cytoskeletal proteins
Authors: Ali Moustafa R. K. , Wu Yue , Tang Yan , Xiao Haopeng , Chen Kuangcai , Han Tiegang , Fang Ning , Wu Ronghu , El-Sayed Mostafa A.
Published: June 2017

Significance

Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. Current clinical treatments for antimetastasis, however, are not effective. This work aims to develop a strategy to inhibit cancer cell migration using gold nanorods (AuNRs) with systematic understanding of the mechanism. The ability of targeting AuNRs to cancer cell surface integrins and the introduction of NIR light to generate a mild plasmonic photothermal effect caused broad regulation on cytoskeletal proteins, thus impairing cancer cell migration. This strategy provides a potential application for controlling cancer metastasis.
Phosphosite charge rather than shootward localization determines OCTOPUS activity in root protophloem
Authors: Breda Alice S. , Hazak Ora , Hardtke Christian S.
Published: June 2017

Significance

The evolution of plant vasculature was a key event in earth history because it enabled plants to effectively colonize land. The phloem vasculature was particularly important in this process. In angiosperms, the dominant group of extant terrestrial plants, phloem is assembled from specific conductive cells, the sieve elements. Here we provide evidence that a master regulator of the commitment to sieve element fate inArabidopsisis strongly conserved and already present in the most basal extant angiosperms. We demonstrate the exquisite dosage-sensitive action of this polar-localized protein and show that its activity is in part regulated through the charge in a phosphorylation site. Surprisingly, however, its shootward polar localization does not appear to be essential for its function.
Photoacoustic trace detection of gases at the parts-per-quadrillion level with a moving optical grating
Authors: Xiong Lian , Bai Wenyu , Chen Feifei , Zhao Xian , Yu Fapeng , Diebold Gerald J.
Published: June 2017

Significance

The photoacoustic effect refers to the generation of sound through a process of optical heat deposition followed by thermal expansion, resulting in a local pressure increase that produces outgoing acoustic waves. In the linear acoustic regime, a unique property of the photoacoustic effect in a geometry with symmetry in one dimension is that when the optical source moves at the speed of sound, the amplitude of the acoustic wave increases linearly in time without bound. Here, the application of this effect to trace gas detection is described, using an optical grating that moves at the sound speed inside of a resonator equipped with a resonant piezoelectric crystal detector, yielding detection limits in the parts-per-quadrillion range.
Early phonology revealed by international adoptees' birth language retention
Authors: Choi Jiyoun , Broersma Mirjam , Cutler Anne
Published: June 2017

Significance

Dutch adults who, as international adoptees, had heard Korean early in life but had forgotten it learned to identify an unfamiliar three-way Korean consonant distinction significantly faster than controls without such experience. Even adoptees who had been adopted at 3–5 mo of age showed the learning advantage. Thus, early exposure to spoken language, even in the first half-year of life, leaves traces that can facilitate later relearning. Before 6 mo, infants often discriminate foreign-language phonological contrasts better than adults can. This has been widely held to mean that infants younger than 6 mo have no native-language phonological knowledge to capture spoken input. Our findings are significant because they indicate that phonological knowledge is indeed in place before age 6 mo.
Transmembrane features governing Fc receptor CD16A assembly with CD16A signaling adaptor molecules
Authors: Blázquez-Moreno Alfonso , Park Soohyung , Im Wonpil , Call Melissa J. , Call Matthew E. , Reyburn Hugh T.
Published: June 2017

Significance

Many activating immunoreceptors associate, via interactions between transmembrane domains, with adaptor molecules that mediate signaling for leukocyte activation. To date, the best characterized form of receptor complex assembly depends on a single basic transmembrane (TM) domain residue. We now describe a second, completely different solution for TM-mediated receptor assembly, found in three different Fc receptor TM domains, and involving a more complex polar/aromatic interface. Residues in the core of this interaction motif can also regulate receptor protein turnover. Thus, multiple solutions for TM-mediated receptor assembly with signaling modules have evolved. These findings may provide more broadly useful insights into how other immune receptors that do not contain charged residues in their TM domains assemble into complexes with signaling adaptor molecules.
Materials and processing approaches for foundry-compatible transient electronics
Authors: Chang Jan-Kai , Fang Hui , Bower Christopher A. , Song Enming , Yu Xinge , Rogers John A.
Published: June 2017

Significance

Bioresorbable electronic systems have the potential to create important new categories of technologies, ranging from temporary biomedical implants to environmentally benign, green consumer devices. The results presented here provide a collection of ideas that establish the foundations for a realistic technology of this type, in which state-of-the-art silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor foundries serve as the source of microscale, water-soluble electronic components configured for rapid assembly and electrical interconnection on soft, biocompatible polymer substrates. Demonstrations in various high-performance electronic systems illustrate the concepts, and fundamental studies establish the chemical kinetics and end products of dissolution in aqueous environments.
The effect of alpha phase on flow softening and deformation of Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al
Authors: Zhao Juan , Zhong Jie , Zhou Manyuan , Chai Fang , Yan Fei
Published: June 2017

The subtransus deformation behaviour of Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al alloy was investigated. The flow stress curves are featured with significant flow softening, resulting from the breaking up and globularisation of lamellar α phase. The critical major axis of α phase to cause flow softening is 1 µm. Alpha phase acts as a dislocation barrier in the beginning and suppresses the recrystallisation of beta matrix. Dynamic recovery is the main restoration mode for beta matrix and alpha phase just works as a marker of it. Beta phase is dominated by strong {001} and weak {111} orientations. The Burgers relationship and variant selection are observed between α phase and β matrix in a single grain and overall samples, and the subtransus deformation does not destroy it.
Thermokinetic Simulation of Precipitation in NiTi Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Cirstea C D , Karadeniz-Povoden E , Kozeschnik E , Lungu M , Lang P , Balagurov A , Cirstea V
Published: June 2017

Considering classical nucleation theory and evolution equations for the growth and composition change of precipitates, we simulate the evolution of the precipitates structure in the classical stages of nucleation, growth and coarsening using the solid-state transformation Matcalc software. The formation of Ni3Ti, Ni4Ti3or Ni3Ti2precipitate is the key to hardening phenomenon of the alloys, which depends on the nickel solubility in the bulk alloys. The microstructural evolution of metastable Ni4Ti3and Ni3Ti2precipitates in Ni-rich TiNi alloys is simulated by computational thermokinetics, based on thermodynamic and diffusion databases. The simulated precipitate phase fractions are compared with experimental data.
GPU-powered model analysis with PySB/cupSODA
Authors: Harris Leonard A , Nobile Marco S , Pino James C , Lubbock Alexander L R , Besozzi Daniela , Mauri Giancarlo , Cazzaniga Paolo , Lopez Carlos F
Published: June 2017

A major barrier to the practical utilization of large, complex models of biochemical systems is the lack of open-source computational tools to evaluate model behaviors over high-dimensional parameter spaces. This is due to the high computational expense of performing thousands to millions of model simulations required for statistical analysis. To address this need, we have implemented a user-friendly interface between cupSODA, a GPU-powered kinetic simulator, and PySB, a Python-based modeling and simulation framework. For three example models of varying size, we show that for large numbers of simulations PySB/cupSODA achieves order-of-magnitude speedups relative to a CPU-based ordinary differential equation integrator.

Availability and implementation

The PySB/cupSODA interface has been integrated into the PySB modeling framework (version 1.4.0), which can be installed from the Python Package Index (PyPI) using a Python package manager such as pip. cupSODA source code and precompiled binaries (Linux, Mac OS/X, Windows) are available at github.com/aresio/cupSODA (requires an Nvidia GPU; developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus). Additional information about PySB is available at pysb.org.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Association between workarounds and medication administration errors in bar-code-assisted medication administration in hospitals
Authors: van der Veen Willem , van den Bemt Patricia MLA , Wouters Hans , Bates David W , Twisk Jos WR , de Gier Johan J , Taxis Katja ,   for the BCMA Study Group, Duyvendak Michiel , Luttikhuis Karen Oude , Ros Johannes JW , Vasbinder Erwin C , Atrafi Maryam , Brasse Bjorn , Mangelaars Iris
Published: June 2017

Objective

To study the association of workarounds with medication administration errors using barcode-assisted medication administration (BCMA), and to determine the frequency and types of workarounds and medication administration errors.

Materials and Methods

A prospective observational study in Dutch hospitals using BCMA to administer medication. Direct observation was used to collect data. Primary outcome measure was the proportion of medication administrations with one or more medication administration errors. Secondary outcome was the frequency and types of workarounds and medication administration errors. Univariate and multivariate multilevel logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between workarounds and medication administration errors. Descriptive statistics were used for the secondary outcomes.

Results

We included 5793 medication administrations for 1230 inpatients. Workarounds were associated with medication administration errors (adjusted odds ratio 3.06 [95% CI: 2.49-3.78]). Most commonly, procedural workarounds were observed, such as not scanning at all (36%), not scanning patients because they did not wear a wristband (28%), incorrect medication scanning, multiple medication scanning, and ignoring alert signals (11%). Common types of medication administration errors were omissions (78%), administration of non-ordered drugs (8.0%), and wrong doses given (6.0%).

Discussion

Workarounds are associated with medication administration errors in hospitals using BCMA. These data suggest that BCMA needs more post-implementation evaluation if it is to achieve the intended benefits for medication safety.

Conclusion

In hospitals using barcode-assisted medication administration, workarounds occurred in 66% of medication administrations and were associated with large numbers of medication administration errors.