bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KADAR AIR TERHADAP HASIL PENGOMPOSAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DENGAN METODE COMPOSTER TUB
Authors: Hastuti Sindi Martina , Samudro Ganjar , Sumiyati Sri
Published: March 2017

Pengelolaan terhadap sampah harus dilakukan secara menyeluruh agar tidak mencemari lingkungan. Banyaknya pepohonan yang ada di sekitar kita menyebabkan banyaknya sampah daun yang dihasilkan. Sampah daun merupakan salah satu sampah organik yang dapat dijadikan kompos. Pengomposan dapat dilakukan dengan memvariasikan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi prosesnya, diantaranya adalah kadar air, ukuran bahan dan metode pengomposan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kadar air terhadap pengomposan sampah organik yaitu sampah daun kering dan menentukan kadar air optimum untuk pengomposan sampah organik berupa daun kering. Pengomposan dilakukan dengan menggunakan MOL tetes tebu dan memvariasikan kadar air (kadar air 40%, 50%, 60%). Ukuran bahan dicacah menjadi ukuran 1 cm. Waktu pengomposan berlangsung selama 30 hari menggunakan metode composter tub. Pengukuran suhu, pH dan kadar air dilakukan setiap hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kadar air yang optimum adalah 50% dengan hasil kadar C-Organik sebesar 31,883%, kadar N-Total sebesar  1,908%, rasio C/N sebesar 16,714, kadar P-Total sebesar 0,162%, dan kadar K-Total sebesar 1,276%. Sedangkan untuk hasil pengujian toksisitas menggunakan uji GI, nilai GI pada kadar air 50% adalah 104,69 yang menunjukkan bahwa kompos bebas toksik, sudah matang dan stabil. Kemudian dari hasil uji mikrobiologi menunjukan bahwa jumlah total koliform yang ada pada kompos tidak lebih dari 1000 MPN/gr yaitu 27 MPN/gr.
PENGARUH KADAR AIR TERHADAP HASIL PENGOMPOSAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DENGAN METODE OPEN WINDROW
Authors: Kurnia Vaneza Citra , Sumiyati Sri , Samudro Ganjar
Published: March 2017

Banyaknya jumlah daun yang berguguran di suatu wilayah atau pemukiman merupakan potensi yang pantas diperhitungkan agar menjadi bahan yang bernilai guna, Salah satunya dengan melakukan pengomposan. Kadar air mempunyai peran yang kritis dalam rekayasa pengomposan karena dekomposisi material organik bergantung pada ketersediaan kandungan air. Kadar air menjadi kunci penting pada proses pengomposan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kadar air terhadap pengomposan sampah organik yaitu sampah daun kering dan menentukan kadar air optimum untuk pengomposan sampah organik berupa daun kering. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi kadar air (40%, 50%, dan 60%) dan perlakuan ukuran bahan dicacah menjadi ukuran 1cm dan  menggunakan MOL tetes tebu sebagai bioaktivator.Waktu pengomposan berlangsung selama 30 hari dengan metode pengomposan secara open windrow. Berdasarkan penelitian ini kadar air yang optimal untuk proses pengomposan sampah organik daun kering adalah kadar air 60% dilihat dari Kadar C-Organik terendahnya sesbesar 27,324%, kandungan N-Total yang paling tinggi 2,441%,Rasio C/N terendahnya sebesar 11,194%, kandungan P-Total sebesar 0,211%, kandungan K-Total sebesar 1,7776% dan Nilai GI yang paling tinggi sebesar 125,58% dan kemudian hasil uji mikrobiologi menunjukan bahwa jumlah total koliform  yang ada pada kompos tidak lebih dari 1000 MPN/g.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERDAMPAK PADA RISIKO DAN KETIDAKPASTIAN PERMINTAAN JALAN TOL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Munggarani Nurrela Arifah
Published: March 2017

Pemerintah saat ini tengah mencanangkan berbagai pembangunan infrastruktur termasuk jalan tol. Namun, rencana pembangunan tersebut tidak didukung oleh dana yang memadai sehingga dibutuhkan peran serta badan usaha melalui skema Kerjasama Pemerintah dan Badan Usaha (KPBU). Lebih lanjut, risiko dan ketidakpastian yang besar didalam investasi jalan tol mengurangi minat badan usaha untuk ikut berpartisipasi. Salah satu risiko paling signifikan, sulit diprediksi dan sulit dikendalikan adalah risiko permintaan, i.e. volume lalu lintas. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penelitian ini melakukan identifikasi profil volume lalu lintas beberapa jalan tol di Indonesia untuk delapan tahun terakhir, identifkasi faktor-faktor yang berdampak terhadap risiko dan ketidakpastian volume lalu lintas tersebut dilanjutkan dengan pembobotan faktor. Pembobotan faktor dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis Skala Likert dan metoda Analitical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil analisis kedua metoda akan danalisis kembali secara deskriptif sehingga mendapatkan kesimpulan yang lebih matang. Profil volume lalu lintas didapatkan dari laporan badan usaha jalan tol tahun 2008-2015. Sementara itu, faktor-faktor yang berdampak terhadap risiko dan ketidakpastian volume lalu lintas jalan tol di Indonesia yang menjadi variable penelitian didapatkan dari hasil kajian literatur penelitian terdahulu baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri serta validasi terhadap pakar. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan Badan Usaha Jalan Tol (BUJT) dan Pemerintah (Penanggung Jawab Proyek Kerjasama-PJPK) mendapatkan gambaran mengenai faktor-faktor yang berdampak terhadap ketidakpastian volume lalu lintas jalan tol di Indonesia sehingga memudahkan dalam melakukan mitigasi risiko dan ketidakpastian dengan lebih terperinci serta sebagai dasar pertimbangan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Pada gilirannya, hasil yang diperoleh dapat meningkatkan minat BUJT dalam berinvestasi sehingga rencana pemerintah dapat berjalan dengan sukses dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional.
INVITED COMMENTARY - Hyperbaric medicine today: an historically noble discipline challenged by loss of critical access and overutilization
Authors:   National Baromedical Services, Columbia, South Carolina, USA, Clarke Richard
Published: March 2017

As the title implies, much appears amiss with hyperbaric medicine. Long recognized for its life-saving, CNS-sparing, infection fighting and tissue-salving attributes, its current application has been rightly called into question by a broad cross-section of health care delivery system stakeholders [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. This paper will examine what lies behind the stunning loss of availability for a majority of the Federal Drug Administration-approved uses, arguably those for which patients have the most to gain. It will address overutilization in the context of an erosion of practice standards and widespread manipulation of the reimbursement process. It will make suggestions aimed at restoring its broader availability across the full extent of FDA-approved uses. Finally, it offers guidance to ensure that HBO2 therapy is employed only when medically necessary by adoption of the drug administration “rights” principle, namely the right indication for the right patient at the right time and only for the right amount of time.
Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest
Authors: Iglica A. , Aganovic K. , Godinjak A. , Mujakovic A. , Jusufovic S. , Ajanovic A. , Tancica I. , Kukuljac A.
Published: March 2017

Therapeutic hypothermia in selected patients surviving sudden out-of-hospital
cardiac arrest can significantly improve rates of long-term survival and is
considered as one of the most important clinical advancements in the science
of resuscitation. Since 2003 the American Heart Association/International
Liaison Committee on Resuscitation guidelines endorsed the use of hypothermic
therapies as standard care for patients suffering from cardiac arrest while
in 2005 additional inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to patients
experiencing in or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with an initial shockable
and non shockable rhythm. The goals of treatment in 2015 include achieving
targeted temperature as quickly as possible with immediate initiation of
cooling methods accompanied with supportive therapy and controlled rewarming.
The impact of prehospital management of trauma patients on outcome of ICU treatment at Emergency center CC "Vojvodina" - one - year experience
Authors: Pajtic Vesna , Mihajlovic Dunja , Vrsajkov Vladimir , Gluhovic Aleksandar , Lovrencic Slavko
Published: March 2017

Impact of prehospital treatment of traumatized patients on treatment outcome
in intensive care unit at Emergency center Clinical center of Vojvodina-one
year experience Introduction: Trauma is the leading cause of death in 1-44
years old population. Recommendations of prehospital treatment of injured
patients rely on the speed of response and transport to referent trauma
center, where the patient will be adequately treated. Aim: The aim of our
study was to investigate the impact of prehospital treatment and
characteristics of patients before admission of patients to Emergency
center-Clinical center of Vojvodina on survival of these patients in
intensive care unit of Emergency center in order to improve the treatment and
outcome of these patients. Material and methods: 209 patients who were
treated in intensive care unit after the initial resuscitation in Emergency
center-Clinical center of Vojvodina were included in our study. Data were
analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. Differences between groups of patients
were assessed by Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared
using chi-square test. Statistical significance (p) was set at a value of
0.05. Results; Patients with worse outcome were significantly older than
patients who had good outcome (49.4?18.5 vs. 63?14.7, p<0.05). Patients with
manifestations of hypovolemic shock, respiratory distress and with GCS=8 on
admission to Emergency center also had significantly worse outcome. Patients
who had been intubated before admission to Emergency center had significantly
better outcome in comparison to patients who did not have secured airway
(p<0.05). However the placement of venous accessin prehospital setting did
not impact survival significantly. Patients who were initially treated in
regional hospitals had venous access and airway placement significantly in
higher percent than patients treated by emergency medical service.
Conclusion: While there is no strong evidence to support the benefits of
airway and venous access management in injured patients in prehospital
setting, our results suggest that these interventions can be beneficial if
the transport to referent trauma center is long and if they are completed by
educated medical staff.
Early recognition of critically ill patients
Authors: Obradovic Dusanka , Stojkovic Ivana
Published: March 2017

Background: Critically ill patients are the patients with life-threatening
multiorgan disorders. In most cases the occurrence of life-threatening
situation preceding the deterioration of basic vital parameters, which are
often overlooked in outhospital and hospital conditions. For these reasons,
the systematic monitoring of vital parameters is of great significance, and
in that aim, the introduction in to the daily work, primarily in the hospital
setting, the scoring system for the early identification of critically ill
patients. There are several of these scoring systems, some of which are
commonly used early warning scoring systems, which are measuring the vital
parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory frequency,
temperature, oxygen saturation of peripheral blood and/or urine output,
mental status changes. Numerous studies demonstrated the importance of the
implementation of these systems in everyday clinical practice for the timely
recognition of critically ill patients in the hospital setting in order to
reduce mortality. According to some studies, these scoring systems have
prognostic significance.
Gene polymorphisms in surgical patients with diffuse secondary periton it is-genetic predisposition for sepsis
Authors: Doklestic Krstina , Maksimovic Nela , Jovanovic Bojan , Velickovic Jelena , Bumbasirevic Vesna
Published: March 2017

Despite the great progress that has been made in recent decades in the
intensive treatment of critically ill patients with intra abdominal
infections, antibiotic therapy and modern surgical techniques, secondary
peritonitis is still accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality. The
response to infection can be variable between different individuals.
Scientific evidence support hypothesis that this inter-patient variability
can be at least partially explained by genetic influence which may have an
important role in the development of sepsis, as well as in severity of
complications and death. An infection triggers complex immune response of the
host and affects the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis. This
imbalance can lead to hypercoagulability but also to the microcirculation
disturbance which can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and
septic shock. Common polymorphisms of genes which encode proteins with
important role in coagulation and fibrinolysis could be of great importance
in susceptibility for sepsis, possible complications and clinical outcome.
Early genetic information may become very useful for identification of
patients with high risk of developing severe sepsis and multiple organ
dysfunctions, in order to design better, more personalized therapy with less
severe adverse effects.
Serum lactate: Role in the assessment of microhemodynamics in critically ill patients
Authors: Velickovic Jelena , Thiery Guillaume , Velickovic Dejan , Rakic Goran , Doklestic Krstina , Jovanovic Bojan , Palibrk Ivan , Tomanovic-Vujadinovic Sanja , Bumbasirevic Vesna
Published: March 2017

Many critically ill patients with stabilized hemodynamics die with signs of
multiorgan failure. One of the reasons is the derangement of microcirculation
and tissue perfusion. It has been shown that microcirculatory distress left
uncorrected for 24 hours is single independent predictor of mortality in
sepsis. Serum lactate is the only indicator of microcirculatory changes that
is monitored routinely in all critically ill patients. It has been widely
believed that hyperlactatemia in sepsis is marker of tissue hypoxia and
indicates the existence of oxygen debt resulting from tissue hypoperfusion
and anaerobic glycolysis. Attempts to correct hyperlactatemia by delivering
supranormal oxygen amounts have failed in septic patients. The term ?shock?
lactate refers to hyperlactatemia originating from oxygen debt. Human studies
failed to demonstrate the relationship between hyperlactatemia and tissue
hypo-perfusion in the late phase of sepsis. Adrenergic stimulation in sepsis
and accelerated aerobic glycolysis have been proposed as a likely mechanism
of hyperlactatemia. Both exogenous and endogenous catecholamines are
correlated with septic hyperlactatemia. Aerobically generated lactate
mediated by cytokines is called ?stress? lactate and may serve as a marker of
hypermetabolism rather than tissue hyperperfusion. Many studies and
guidelines recommend targeting resuscitation to normalize lactate in septic
patients. These recommendations need to be taken with reserve. Since lactate
serves, under stress, as a source of energy and can be used as a fuel for
oxidation as well as for glucose production, attempts to normalize lactate
might be even harmful. Although high lactate clearance, due to a correction
of oxygen debt contributes to a better prognosis in sepsis, the unusual
complexity of lactate makes it almost impossible to make an unambiguous
therapeutic decision, when comes to a lactate-guided treatment in sepsis.
MDCT in ARDS: A single center experience
Authors: Maksimovic Helena , Hajder Nikola , Bumbasirevic Vesna , Bumbasirevic Uros , Markovic Biljana , Stojadinovic Milica , Stankovic Slavica
Published: March 2017

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical condition first
described by Ashbaugh et al in 1967 using the term ?adult respiratory
distress syndrome?1. In order to establish a diagnosis of ARDS, radiological
findings are necessary and they serve as one of the postulates. According to
the latest definition, which was created by a panel of experts in 2011 in
Berlin, thus termed the Berlin definition of ARDS, ARDS2 is a condition
starting within 1 week of clinical insult with bilateral infiltrates
detectable by chest imaging (either conventional radiography or multidetector
computed tomography (MDCT) scan of lungs) and severe hypoxemia in the absence
of evidence for cardiogenic pulmonary edema or fluid overload. It is
necessary to explain the origin of edema, and to do that we need objective
assessment (e.g., echocardiography) in order to exclude cardiogenic factors.
Severity of ARDS is based on ratio between partial oxygen pressure in
arterial blood and fraction of oxygen in the inspired air (PaO2 /FIO2) on 5
cm of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The 3 categories are mild
(PaO2/FIO2 200-300), moderate (PaO2/FIO2 100-200) and severe (PaO2/FIO2
=100). The definition itself says that in order to make a diagnosis we must
do radiology imaging, although it does not say which one should be performed,
the conventional radiography or MDCT. ARDS represents a stereotypic response
to many different inciting insults and goes through a number of different
phases, from alveolar capillary damage to lung resolution or a
fibro-proliferative and fibrotic phase. The pulmonary epithelial and
endothelial cellular damage is characterized by inflammation, apoptosis,
necrosis and increased alveolar capillary permeability, which lead to
development of alveolar edema. Purpose and role of radiographic methods is to
assist in the visualization of above mentioned pathomorphological substrate.
Because of the fact that sensitivity of conventional radiography is
significantly lower than that of MDCT imaging, MDCT could be the primary
method of choice in the initial diagnosis, but for the patient with ARDS it
is most important that he has the best conditions concerning mechanical
ventilation, which is very complicated to provide during the transportation
of the patient from intensive care unit to MDCT diagnostic unit. As the
disease evolves inside the lung area, some of the complications can be
visualized only with MDCT. That is one of the main reasons MDCT is used for
that period of disease evolution. Because of everything that is mentioned
above, it is hard to decide whether and when MDCT scan should be performed.
Initiation and deescalation of mechanical ventilation
Authors: Hajdukovic Danica , Spasojevic Ivana
Published: March 2017

Two major dilemmas about application of mechanical ventilation is when and
how to start it (initiation) and when and how to start reducing the
mechanical respiratory support (deescalation). Both of these dilemmas are not
easy to resolve, especially if the physician who is facing with them is young
and unexperienced. The basic concept of initiation of mechanical ventilation
is simple and consists of adjusting the inspiratory oxygen concentration
(FiO2) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in order to control
oxygenation, as well as tidal volume (Vt) and respiratory rate in order to
ensure adequate elimination of CO2. Deescalation of mechanical ventilation is
a process that should be initiated promptly as respiratory status and general
condition of the patient begin to improve. There is a useful consensus that
deescalation of mechanical ventilation should be considered practically from
the moment of initiation. Deescalation involves adapting and adjusting of
FiO2, PEEP and the level of support. It can be performed by any model of
mechanical ventilation which continues with PSV (?pressure support
ventilation?) with a gradual reduction of FiO2, PEEP and pressure support,
depending on the process of the underlying disease.
TIPE SITOLOGI DUA SPESIES PTERIS DALAM HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KETINGGIAN TEMPA
Authors: Zubaidah Siti
Published: March 2017

A cytological study of the two species of Pteris (Pteris biaurita and Pteris tripartita) growing around Malang was carried out. A hypothesis stated that ploidy was enchanched by cold weather. Those study want to find out the correlation between the altitude (with different temperatures) and ploidy of the two species. Cytological type and ploidy examined by chromosome number counting, using standart squash method. The result of this research showed that Pteris biaurita and Pteris tripartite have two cytotypes, 2n= 58 (2x or diploid) and 2n= 116 (4x or tetraploid). There was no correlation between the ploidy level of Pteris biaurita and the altitude, but the ploidy level of Pteris tripartite apt to be raise in higher altitude.
POLA INFEKSI ANEKA JENIS CAPLAK ACARINA:IXODIDAE PADA BIAWAK Varanus salvator DI BEBERAPA PELOSOK DAERAH INDONESIA
Authors: Saim Achmad , Hartini Sri
Published: March 2017

A total of 607 specimen (254 males, 140 femles, 92 nymph and 121 larvals) are found on 39 common water monitors from several areas in Indonesia, which are consisted of three generas (six species) of ticks. Total with discovery percentage each species of ticks on these common water-monitor are recorded 45 specimens (14 percent) Amblyomma helvolum , four specimens (2.6 percent) Aponomma komodoense, 573 specimens (71 percent) A. lucasi, 11 specimen (6.4 percent) A. sumbawaensis,eight specimens (6,4 percent) A. trimaculatuum, and two specimen (2.6 percent) Darmacentor atrosignatus. Adult of ticks and A. lucasi are found much more than other developmental stages or also its species. Its infection show of 1-4 stages or 1-2 species of ticks on each common water monitor and its parasitic index are recorded 15.6 or 1-121 of ticks on each common water-monitor. Its host, distribution and roles in ecosystem as parasites and vectors of several disease are discussed.
PENGARUH SPESIES BAKTERI DAN RATIO SPERMATOZOA/BAKTERI TERHADAP VITALITAS SPERMATOZOA MANUSIA SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Sukarjati Sukarjati , Lunardhi Hamdani
Published: March 2017

The effect of some pecies of bacteria and sperm/bacteria ratio on sperm vitality has been studied. Four species of bacteria were used in this study: Stapylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes were obtained from semen culture of infertile men and E. coli was obtained from prostaltic fluid culture from men with prostat and urinary system disturbances. Five semen samples fulfilling the WHO criteri (1992) were used in this study. After preparation by Percoll gradient-column method, sperm were inoculated in a microplate with Stapylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes and E. coli under the sperm/bacteria ratio 1:10 and 1:1000. Sperm vitality was observed immediately, 3 and 6 hours after inoculation. At the second experiment, the detrimental influence of bacteria on sperm was prevented by adding penicillin. Result of this study indicated that Stapylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, and Enterobacter aerogenes were not affected on the sperm vitality. The effect of E. coli on sperm vitality occurred at the ratio of sperm/bacteria 1:10 after 3 and 6 hours incubation and at the ratio of sperm/bacteria 1:1000 occurred after 6 hours incubation. It might be concluded that the negative influence of bacteria on sperm vitality in vitro, is dependent in species of bacteria, bacteria concentration, and time of incubation. The most detrimental effect on sperm vitality was shown by E. coli at the ratio of sperm/bacteria 1:10 after 6 hours incubation. The detrimental effecr was not prevented bt the addition of penicillin.
VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL STATUS OF PLANT SPECIES IN THE PEAT SWAMP FOREST OF SETIA ALAM JAYA, SEBANGAU, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
Authors: Suciatmih Suciatmih
Published: March 2017

In order to describe the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) status of plants growing on peat soil, a study was carried out in the peat swamp forest of Setia Alam Jaya in Sebangau, Central Kalimantan. Out of 146 plant root samples belonging to 48 plant species from 25 families examined, all plants colonized by VAM fungi namely 14 (29.2 percent) high level, 32 (66.7 percent) medium level, and 2 (4.1 percent) low level respectively.
PENGARUH EDTA DALAM MENGHILANGKAN KADAR KADMIUM YANG TERAKUMULASI DALAM BERBAGAI ORGAN UDANG Macrobrachium sintangense de Man
Authors: Soegianto Agoes , Alamudi M. Yusuf , Ulum Miftakhul , Putro Eko W. , Widyayanti Nining D.
Published: March 2017

The objective of experiment is to know capability of EDTA to reduce the concentration of cadmium, which accumulated in Macrobrachium sintangense organ. Two groups of shrimps were exposed to 30 mg/L and to freshwater (control) during 7 days and continue with EDTA 0.1 and 1 ppm during 7 days. After finish the experiment, gill, hepatopancreas, carapace and abdominal muscle dissected and destructed with concentrated HNO3 to be analyzed the concentration of cadmium which is accumulated in those organs. The result showed that the concentration of cadmium in gill of control shrimp are 1.696 0.3920 mg/Kg, hepatopancreas 1.1810 0.545 mg/Kg, carapac 0.1025 0.1524 mg/Kg, and abdomen 0.201 0.349 mg/Kg. The concentration of cadmium in exposed shrimps which treated with 0.1 ppm of EDTA are 66.4090 3.22 mg/Kg in gill, 26.4791 0.86 mg/Kg in hepatopancreas, 8.8039 0.66 mg/Kg in carapace, and 3.6324 0.13 mg/Kg in abdomen. The concentration of cadmium in exposed shrimps which treated with 1 ppm of EDTA are 34.8809 4.24 mg/Kg in gills, 9.7290 1.03 mg/Kg in hepatopancreas; 4.6574 0.34 mg/Kg in carapac; and 1.8546 0.43 mg/Kg in abdomen. The greater elimination of cadmium occurs at the shrimp, which is treated with 1 ppm of EDTA.
PROFIL HUTAN MANGROVE TAMAN NASIONAL BALURAN JAWA TIMUR (Mangrove Forest Profile of Baluran National Park East Java)
Authors: Sudarmadji Sudarmadji
Published: March 2017

Five mangrove profiles at Baluran National Park East Java were studied. The location was Popongan, Batu Sampan, Kelor-Manting, Si Rondo Si Macan, dan Bilik beach. Each profile was found to be different in their distribution and population. They have demonstrated that there is no constant sequence for mangrove of contrasted areas, because some species tend to prefer a more seaward of a more landward site.
Trabajo colaborativo y estrategias de aprendizaje en entornos virtuales en jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Rodríguez Zamora René , Espinoza Núñez Leonor Antonia
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo se deriva de un proyecto integral acerca de la creación de espacios virtuales basados en el estudio de la psicología de la educación virtual; en este sentido, se analizó la relación que existe entre el trabajo colaborativo y las estrategias de aprendizaje  utilizadas por los jóvenes para su aprovechamiento en entornos virtuales. Se trató de identificar las orientaciones o preferencias para la realización de trabajo colaborativo en la generación del aprendizaje autónomo,  así como las estrategias utilizadas en el desempeño de los estudiantes al contacto con los entornos virtuales como herramientas pedagógicas. El enfoque metodológico utilizado fue cuantitativo de tipo ex post-facto con un nivel de alcance descriptivo de las unidades de análisis: trabajo colaborativo y estrategias de aprendizaje, tomando como muestra de estudio sujetos del nivel medio superior y superior de entre 15 y 23 años de edad del estado de Sinaloa, México.Se encontró que los estudiantes de bachillerato a pesar de mostrar más facilidad para la búsqueda de información, carecen de iniciativa para la búsqueda de estrategias autónomas, mostrando dificultad para discriminar y seleccionar la información más adecuada como parte de un proceso de análisis. Por su parte, los jóvenes de nivel superior mostraron disposición para trabajar en equipo y mayor habilidad para la búsqueda de información, sin embargo, se reportaron con dificultades para el manejo de plataformas virtuales debido a que perciben que no hay participación por parte del docente. Ambas poblaciones reconocieron contar con ciertas destrezas para el aprendizaje autónomo y el desempeño del trabajo colaborativo, sin embargo la percepción que manifestaron es que el desarrollo de estas competencias no se ha potenciado lo suficiente. Los resultados obtenidos podrán servir como pauta para futuras investigaciones orientadas a la generación de propuestas formativas en el marco de entornos virtuales.
Robust Estimation of Generalized Estimating Equation when Data Contain Outliers
Authors: Nisa Khoirin , Herawati Netti
Published: March 2017

Abstract—In this paper, a robust procedure for estimating parameters of regression model when generalized estimating equation (GEE) applied to longitudinal data that contains outliers is proposed. The method is called ‘iteratively reweighted least trimmed square’ (IRLTS) which is a combination of the iteratively reweighted least square (IRLS) and least trimmed square (LTS) methods. To assess the proposed method a simulation study was conducted and the result shows that the method is robust against outliers.Keywords—GEE, IRLS, LTS, longitudinal data, regression model.
Case Study: Maintenance Proposal of Press Parts Production for Minimize Waste by Lean Manufacturing – Value Stream Mapping (VSM)
Authors: Sari Dessy Agustina , Sukanta Sukanta
Published: March 2017

Abstract—Higher competition in businesslike field demanded each company acted as a value creator with progressive fixing performance. One of effort in increasing productivity was reducing waste. Enterprise T have seven type of extravagance were over production, transportation, inventory, over processing, motion waiting and defect. Minimize waste have bond with production time which could increase efficiency on using electricity and decreased lead time. Production process in this company showed non-value added time such as excessively material transportation in picking area and so the workers too much waited for the next schedule activity. This condition caused higher product lead time. Lean manufacturing idea necessary was implemented with using tool Value Stream Mapping – VSM. This strategy would resumed for the company maintenance and the result showed that lacking as much 26,45% of lead time could be a problem solution. Reducing lead time could be higher if the company have applied and played continue improvement.Keywords—lead time, lean manufacturing, value stream mapping.
Financial Feasibility Study of Liquid Smoke Industry from Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch in Mesuji Regency, Lampung Province
Authors: Suroso Erdi , Satyajaya Wisnu , Utomo Tanto Pratondo , Julianti Laila
Published: March 2017

Abstract— The objective of this research was to examine the feasibility of liquid smoke production from palm ail empty fruit bunch (EFB). This research was a survey with expert respondents to collect primary data while literatures and reports study as secondary data. The result of study showed that the liquid smoke industry from EFB was feasible to be developed with eligibility criteria Rp. 991,486,765 of NPV ; 2.50 of Net B/C; 36.59 % of IRR ; and 2.83 years of PBP.  The result of sensitivity analysis showed that the liquid smoke industry from EFB more sensitive for liquid smoke price decerasing than raw material and other inputs price increasing.Keywords— Financial Feasibility, Liquid Smoke, EFB.
Pet Plastic Bottle Waste with Reuse Approach as Interior Pre-Fabrication Modules for Interior Wall
Authors: Santana Ignatius Adrian , Susanto Dalhar , Widyarko Widyarko
Published: March 2017

Abstract—PET plastic bottle is one of the main source of  waste in big cities. This research aims to find out the possibility of reusing PET bottle as pre fabrication wall module material. The pre fabrication concept were offered so that in the construction phase, the instalation of this material will be fast, efficient, and able to minimalize the waste potential. The method to decided the PET bottle specimen was by surveying some sample location in Jakarta to found out the type and capacity of PET bottle waste. Bottle waste that has the highest volume, was selected to be the speciment for further experiment as pre fabrication modul. To determine the strength capacity of this material, some module variation were designed for compressive and flexural strength test. This research is a preliminary experiment to understanding the basic potential of PET bottle as building material. This research expected to support the use of PET bottle waste for other uses in building constructionKeywords— reuse, PET bottle, pre-fabrication, module.
PENYALAHGUNAAN WEWENANG KEPALA SATUAN KERJA PERANGKAT DAERAH DALAM PENETAPAN KINERJA DAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH
Authors: MAWUNTU JACOBUS RONALD
Published: March 2017

This subject descript about Abuse of Power in maintaining, accountability, transparency and government financial report. First, Chief of Unit (SKPD) should be able to distribute job description for their units and make commitment with Chief of Region to Determination of Performance (Penetapan Kinerja) on his unit of works. Determination of performance as a tool to planning, to doing program and to use budgeting by APBD. If Chief of Unit (SKPD) have not determination of performance on job description for units of work, certainly the SKPD make Abuse of Power. Secondly, without determination of performance, it will be corrupt or disclaimer. Key words: Abuse of power; Determination of performance; Government financial reportABSTRAKTulisan ini berisi tentang Penyalahgunaan Kekuasaan dalam menjaga, akuntabilitas, transparansi, dan laporan keuangan pemerintah. Pertama, Kepala Unit (SKPD) harus mampu mendistribusikan deskripsi pekerjaan untuk unit mereka dan membuat komitmen dengan Kepala Daerah untuk Penentuan Kinerja (Penetapan Kinerja) pada unitnya. Penetapan kinerja sebagai alat untuk perencanaan, untuk melaksanakan program dan menggunakan anggaran dengan APBD. Jika Kepala Unit (SKPD) tidak menentukan beban kerja kepada unit di bawahnya,  SKPD telah melakukan Penyalahgunaan Kekuasaan. Kedua, tanpa penentuan kinerja, maka akan terjadi suatu perusakan sistem.Kata kunci: Penyalahgunaan kekuasaan; Penentuan kinerja Laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM JAMA’AH HAJI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Prabowo M. Shidqon
Published: March 2017

This research is discussed and criticised Al-Hajj rights which has been regulated by Undang-Undang No.13 2008 about Hajj implementation held by government (ministry of religion). Al-Hajj as consumer has minimum law protection, service and guidance either in Indonesia (especially in semarang) nor Arab Saudi. From this point of view, Al-Hajj can understand  their rights that should have been fulfilled by the ministry.

Keywords: Law Protection; Consument Right.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP KEJAHATAN BIDANG POLITIK DI INDONESIA DALAM KONTEKS PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA
Authors: Sumadikara T. Subarsyah
Published: March 2017

Political crime is a problem, especially concerning the enforcement. Positive law has been set, but political crimes keep continuing to arrise. It should be examined whether the positive law enforcement can reach all kinds of political crime, how crime policy is formulated, what obstacles and solutions that must be adopted. The results of the study of political crimes, including crimes against the public interest, the interlocked with the power and political activity as the ingredients. Positive law, is essentially the result of a series of political processes. As a result, enforcement efforts be incomplete, always coincide with the technology, management, politics, beyond the limits of reality, evolved into a discourse that is planned, organized, controlled to be a crime that is untouched. Positive law works Iinier-mechanistic, based on the teachings of Legal Positivism / Rechtsdogmatiek, prioritizing political criminal, penal policy which in reality has lost much of his authority. Need reconstruction, shift the dominance of Normative-positivistic to sociological-philosophical / combination of the two, entering the world of technology, the realities of political life as well as total quality management for the judicial activity, so that enforcement is not bound law; initiated legal system of national unity, based on the value of heterogeneity comes from legal sources that live, grow and flourish in society, the written / unwritten according to the characteristics of the State and the Nation of Indonesia; political will does not exalt the principle of legality which in fact is often ignored the justice.

Keywords: Enforcement; Legal; Politics; Reform; Criminal.
Reading Between the Lines: Accessing Information via YouTube's Autocaptioning
Authors: Smith Chad E. , Crocker Samantha , Allman Tamby
Published: March 2017

This study and discussion center upon the use of YouTube’s automatic captioning feature with college-age adult readers. The study required 75 participants with college experience to view brief middle school science videos with automatic captioning on YouTube and answer comprehension questions based on material presented auditorily and/or through the automatic captions. Participants were divided into groups and presented with the captioned videos with or without sound. The videos, which all focused on the solar system, contained low and high instances of errors within the captions. The research found that comprehension of the automatic caption text varied significantly based on how the participants viewed the videos, with significantly more errors in comprehension for the group that viewed the high error video with automatic captioning only.
Utilization of an educational web based mobile app for acquisition and transfer of critical anatomical knowledge, thereby increasing classroom and laboratory preparedness in veterinary students
Authors: Hannon Kevin
Published: March 2017

Contact time with students is becoming more valuable and must be utilized efficiently. Unfortunately, many students attend anatomy lectures and labs ill-prepared, and this limits efficiency. To address this issue we have created an interactive mobile app designed to facilitate the acquisition and transfer of critical anatomical knowledge in veterinary students, thereby increasing classroom and laboratory preparedness. We have found that in contrast to a traditional reading assignment, utilization of such an app to introduce students to a subject area significantly enhanced the initial learning of anatomy and the transfer of that learned material to a related, but novel area. We propose that students using the apps were subsequently better prepared for lecture and lab, than students using the more traditional method of reading a textbook. Exposure of students to a topic prior to lecture and laboratory, using methods that students embrace, can only lead to a more efficient and better educational experience.
Understanding Teachers’ Cognitive Processes during Online Professional Learning: A Methodological Comparison
Authors: Beach Pamela , Willows Dale
Published: March 2017

This study examined the effectiveness of three types of think aloud methods for understanding elementary teachers’ cognitive processes as they used a professional development website. A methodology combining a retrospective think aloud procedure with screen capture technology (referred to as the virtual revisit) was compared with concurrent and retrospective think aloud procedures. Elementary teachers from a large metropolitan area were assigned to one of the three think aloud conditions (N = 45). Participants in the concurrent condition verbalized their thoughts while simultaneously navigating a professional development website for 20 minutes. Participants in the retrospective condition verbalized their thoughts following their 20-minute website navigation without any aids. Finally, participants in the virtual revisit condition verbalized their thoughts while viewing a screen recording of their website navigation. Think aloud protocols were analyzed to determine the frequency of cognitive processes verbalized by participants in each condition. The findings of this study indicated significant differences in the types of verbalizations produced by participants across the three think aloud conditions. In addition, findings reveal benefits and limitations of employing each type of think aloud method in the context of a professional development website.
A Critical Review of the Use of Wenger's Community of Practice (CoP) Theoretical Framework in Online and Blended Learning Research, 2000-2014
Authors: Smith Sedef Uzuner , Hayes Suzanne , Shea Peter
Published: March 2017

After presenting a brief overview of the key elements that underpin Etienne Wenger’s communities of practice (CoP) theoretical framework, one of the most widely cited and influential conceptions of social learning, this paper reviews extant empirical work grounded in this framework to investigate online/blended learning in higher education and in professional development. The review is based on integrative research approaches, using quantitative and qualitative analysis, and includes CoP oriented research articles published between 2000 and 2014. Findings are presented under three questions: Which research studies within the online/blended learning literature made central use of the CoP framework? Among those studies identified, which ones established strong linkages between the CoP framework and their findings? Within this last group of identified studies, what do the patterns in their use of the CoP framework suggest as opportunities for future research in online teaching and learning?
A strain of heroes
Authors: King Barry
Published: March 2017

The concept of scandal is a central trope of today’s journalism, ranging from political coverage of the affairs of state down to the state of affairs in the celebrity press and media. Not only is there an apparently inexhaustible public appetite for rumours, speculations and provable dark deeds and saucy goings-on fed by scandals but also a considerable section of professional journalists and photojournalists earn their crust from it. In this introductory commentary some of the key concepts defining celebrity and scandal are introduced and some observations on the current state of public culture in New Zealand are examined.
‘Endangered species turned dangerous’: Rena Owen and celebrity in Aotearoa/NZ
Authors: Pullar Ellen , Radner Hilary
Published: March 2017

This article argues that Rena Owen’s star persona has been constrained, and ultimately undermined, by essentialist definitions of her status as Māori on the part of print media, in particular women’s magazines, in response to her role as Beth in Once Were Warriors (Lee Tamahori, 1994), a role that thrust her into the international limelight. These ancillary texts served to emphasise two stereotypes, positioning her either in relation to the traditional Pacific Island female type of the ‘dusky maiden’ or focusing on her criminal past and current scandalous behaviour. These representations of the actress detracted from her considerable talents and were undoubtedly a factor in determining a career trajectory that failed to fulfil its early promise. The scandal mongering of the tabloids expressed the uneasiness with which Aotearoa/New Zealand viewed public personalities that embraced a cultural past that included both Māori and European identities. Unlike the international press, which compared Owen’s performance to that of a range of film stars noted for their dramatic and charismatic capacities and presence, from Bette Davis to Anna Magnani, the New Zealand press portrayed her as ‘Beth’—as a social victim rather than an accomplished thespian.
‘We look after our own’: The cultural dynamics of celebrity in a small country
Authors: Barnes Lyn , Olds Jeremy
Published: March 2017

Unlike the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, where celebrities are often subjected to derision in the tabloid media, the New Zealand Woman’s Weekly, the country’s longest-running women’s magazine, respects and values its local celebrities. A content analysis of cover lines on the magazine over the past eight decades reveals that although the magazine has adhered to a steadfast formula of celebrating mothers and wives, there has been a steady shift to a focus on the love lives and scandals of foreign celebrities. More recently, however, the magazine has turned its attention to well-known New Zealanders and developed its own brand of celebrity news.
FRONTLINE: Journalism as a research discipline
Authors: Nash Chris
Published: March 2017

This article reviews recent debate about the performance and impact of the Excellence for Research in Australia (ERA) evaluations in 2010 and 2012 on the field of journalism research, in particular discussion of the relationship between research in journalism and that in the fields of communication, media and cultural studies. In response to that discussion and the initiation of the Frontline section in this journal (Bacon, 2012; Abplanalp, 2012; Gooch, 2012; Fitzgerald, 2013) it strongly argues that journalism is a distinct field of academic research practice. It identifies and briefly canvasses a range of methodological issues arising from Stuart Adam’s (1994) characterisation of journalism research as addressing the real, the present and the public (p. 13), and issues arising from shifting technologies and editorial/peer review processes. It indicates a range of methodological literature in cognate disciplines that can be used to ground journalism as a distinct research practice among the humanities and arts disciplines.
Reporting suicide in New Zealand: Time to end censorship
Authors: Hollings James
Published: March 2017

New Zealand is unique in its legislative restrictions on news media reporting of suicide, with criminal penalties for breaches. Recently, in response to ongoing controversy about the effectiveness of the law in preventing imitative suicides, the government announced a review of the relevant legislation, the Coroners Act 2006. This article discusses the history of suicide reporting restrictions in New Zealand, suggests they amount to censorship, and furthermore argues that the suicide media discourse here has not taken account of nuances in suicide research which do not support such restrictions, but do justify voluntary moderation of reporting, in line with comparable OECD countries. Also, it argues that current suicide research is based on an outdated conception of media effects, which does not consider adequately the opportunity for public good messages.
Mobile phones and media use in Madang Province of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Watson Amanda
Published: March 2017

A mobile phone service was not available to the majority of the population in Papua New Guinea (PNG) until mid-2007. Since that time, commercial competition has been introduced into the mobile telecommunication sector and coverage has spread across many parts of the country. While the focus of this article is on mobile phones, the research has also explored media access and media usage more generally. Analysis in this article adopts the ‘circuit of culture’ model developed by du Gay et al. (1997). The article is based on data from a survey conducted in 2009 in eight rural villages in Madang Province. The research occurred during the primary stages of mobile phone adoption in these places, providing a rare opportunity to gauge early adoption behaviour and attitudes.
Press freedom, social media and the citizen
Authors: Pearson Mark
Published: March 2017

On 3 May, 2013, AUT University’s Pacific Media Centre marked the 20th anniversary of the UNESCO World Press Freedom Day with the inaugural event in New Zealand. The event was initiated by UNESCO’s Programme for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace with the first seminar on ‘Promoting an Independent and Pluralistic African Media’ in Windhoek, Namibia, on 3 May, 1993. The journalists participating in that event drew up the Windhoek Declaration which highlighted that press freedom should be understood as a media system that is free, pluralistic and independent. They insisted that that this dispensation was essential for democracy and development. The Declaration became a landmark document in the fight for press freedom around the world. This address argues that new ethical codes of practice are now needed that are inclusive of serious bloggers and citizen journalists. The author of this address states: ‘The printing press spawned free expression’s offspring—the right of “press freedom”—as pamphleteers fought censorship by governments in the ensuing centuries. Events are unfolding much more quickly now. It would be an historic irony and a monumental shame if press freedom met its demise through the sheer pace of irresponsible truth-seeking and truth-telling today’.