bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vozes no jornalismo: ataques de garimpeiros a indígenas em Roraima
Authors: Rodrigues Martha Raquel
Published: June 2024

Este trabajo se centró en la cobertura periodística de los ataques a los indígenas yanomami por parte de mineros ilegales en la Tierra Indígena Yanomami, en Roraima. La investigación analizó los sitios de noticias Brasil de Fato y G1 Roraima, del Grupo Globo, entre mayo y noviembre de 2021, período en el que se intensificaron los episodios entre los grupos. El análisis del material incluyó un relevamiento de términos, discursos y voces escuchadas y silenciadas durante la producción. Se destacó que la cobertura en el sitio de noticias Brasil de Fato trajo, además de los hechos, la visión de los pueblos indígenas y una comprensión más profunda de los impactos de la minería en la realidad del territorio, mientras que la cobertura en el sitio de noticias G1 Roraima Cobertura fáctica privilegiada, con voces oficiales y sin profundizar los impactos de la violencia en la realidad de las comunidades. También hubo un tímido cambio en la narrativa utilizada por G1 Roraima en los reportajes realizados en colaboración con la Rede Amazônica, que llevó a los periodistas al territorio, tratando los episodios como “ataques de mineros a indígenas”.
Cultura e territorialidade: novas abordagens para o entendimento do fenômeno das notícias falsas na América Latina
Authors: Dias Ana Paula , Araújo Gilvan Charles Cerqueira de
Published: June 2024

The main objective of this article is to analyze the relationship between the production and dissemination of fake news in the pandemic and its relationship with the territorial features of Latin America. "Fake news" is information that is deliberately fabricated, distorted or misleading with the intention of being presented as true or questioning facts on some topic, and can appear in different forms, including news articles, videos, images, posts on social networks and other media. With regard to Latin American countries, the phenomenon of the international reach of these fakenews can be observed. Territoriality plays a role in shaping the identity of the specificities of the ways of life of the individuals or groups that live there, with factors being directly impacted, as was the case with the Covid-19 pandemic. It is therefore hoped that this study will contribute to the debate involving both the disease caused by the Sars-Cov-2 virus and, above all, the direct relationship between the production and dissemination of fake news during the pandemic period in Latin America.
Tecnologias sociais: um novo modo de fazer e pensar é possível
Authors: Santos Edison Luís dos
Published: June 2024

Este artigo aborda o tema das tecnologias sociais como base sustentável do desenvolvimento das coletividades e dos indivíduos e que representam soluções para inclusão social e melhoria das condições de vida, bem como fornecer soluções inovadoras para desafios sociais e ambientais. Investigamos as causas, dimensões e as deficiências que limitaram o progresso tecnológico e científico até meados do século 20 e descreve os desdobramentos teóricos que contribuíram para a constituição do marco conceitual da tecnologia social, cuja origem remonta à incorporação do movimento da tecnologia apropriada que sofreu inúmeras críticas, e também recebeu outras tantas contribuições. Como consequência dessas tensões e transformações, surgem novos protagonistas na década de 1990 e uma pluralidade e diversificação de reivindicações singulares, individuais e grupais, de par com a proliferação de novas formas de associativismo e de associação voluntária. Ligado à luta, à resistência, à afirmação da participação na vida coletiva, esse protagonismo foi retomado em várias áreas da ação social, servindo para redefinir o caráter das diferentes ações, bem como o estatuto e as relações de sujeitos que atuam com tecnologias sociais.
Resistindo ao Golpe e Reconstruindo Políticas Públicas no Brasil
Authors: Silva Alessandro Soares da
Published: June 2024

Le magazine RG&PP présente son nouveau numéro. L'ensemble des thèmes abordés dans ce numéro montre que les croisements entre race, genre, processus participatifs, etc. dans le domaine des politiques publiques ont un impact sur la qualité des actions gouvernementales. La qualité de ces actions dépend de la qualité de la démocratie. On ne peut s'empêcher de penser que les tentatives de coup d'État révèlent les faiblesses du système et de l'intériorisation des valeurs démocratiques par les citoyens. C'est pourquoi il est essentiel que le monde universitaire monte la garde pour défendre la démocratie. C'est certainement l'une des missions de cette revue : être un phare démocratique dans le domaine de la gestion et des politiques publiques. Nous souhaitons à nos lecteurs un temps de réflexion fructueux!
A dialética da marginalidade em Paulo Lins e Bezerra da Silva
Authors: Rocha Renato Oliveira
Published: June 2024

Este artigo tentará estabelecer relações de proximidade entre o romance Cidade de Deus (1997), de Paulo Lins, e alguns sambas de Bezerra da Silva. Apoiados no pensamento de Tania Franco Carvalhal (1991) sobre os rumos que a Literatura Comparada tomou desde sua sistematização como disciplina, que atualmente permite a relação entre diferentes domínios das Ciências Humanas para compreender os fenômenos, estenderemos nossa análise para o caráter representativo da literatura e da música como forma de projeção do marginalizado (o escritor e o sambista), de acordo com o conceito de “dialética da marginalidade”, de João Cezar de Castro Rocha (2004).
Perspectives on the Intersection of Gender, Customary Laws and Land Rights in India
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Bhatnagar Kajori
Published: June 2024

For centuries, tribal communities in India have maintained distinct social and cultural identities, often with communal land ownership practices that were inclusive of women. The struggle of tribal women in India for land rights is a poignant manifestation of their fight against intersecting forms of oppression rooted in patriarchy, traditional power structures, and historical marginalisation. Given the existing background, this article discusses the intersection of property rights and gender relations in India, making a case for independent property rights for tribal women. It analyses the role of customary laws of inheritance in a legal pluralistic India and its conflict with positive law. The article also focuses on the role of the Indian judiciary in remedying the systemic discrimination against tribal women in India. It analyses the approach of the Indian courts in maintaining a balance between the autonomy granted to the tribes by the Indian Constitution and ensuring justice to women who are victims of such self-governance.
A new species and new records of the leafhopper genera Dryadomorpha Kirkaldy, 1906 and Stenogiffardia Evans, 1977 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Equatorial Africa
Authors: GNEZDILOV VLADIMIR M.
Published: June 2024

A new species of the leafhopper genus Dryadomorpha Kirkaldy, 1906 (tribe Drabescini), D. tricornis sp. n., is described from the Democratic Republic of Congo. New records from Cote d’Ivoire, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of Congo are given for Dryadomorpha pallida Kirkaldy, 1906 and Stenogiffardia graminea (Theron, 1982) (tribe Chiasmini).
Sympatric species of Heilipus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hylobiini) on fruits of Lauraceae: a new species from Brazil and redescription of Heilipus draco (Fabricius, 1801)
Authors: SANZ-VEIGA PRISCILA A. , LEIVAS FERNANDO W. T. , DÍAZ-GRISALES VALENTINA , ANZALDO SALVATORE , ROSADO-NETO GERMANO H. , LAMPERT SILVANA , MAGGIO DANIELA H. , CORRÊA ALBERTO S. , SAVARIS MARCOANDRE
Published: June 2024

The genus Heilipus Germar (Curculionidae: Hylobiini) is an American weevil group with 89 described species, of which 28 species are known from Brazil. Here, we describe a new species of Heilipus from Brazil and redescribe H. draco (Fabricius, 1801). Heilipus vividaensis Sanz-Veiga, Savaris & Leivas, sp. nov. and H. draco are similar sympatric species, reared from fruits of Ocotea puberula (Rich.) Nees and Nectandra angustifolia (Schrad.) Nees & Mart. (Lauraceae) in south and southeast Brazil. External morphological and genitalia descriptions, illustrations, distribution records, notes on the host plant, and a barcode DNA sequence are provided for both species.
Revision of the Anerastia lotella complex in Europe, with description of a new species from the Southern Ukraine (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae)
Authors: BIDZILYA OLEKSIY V. , HUEMER PETER , YEPISHIN VIKTOR
Published: June 2024

As a result of our study of cryptic diversity in the Anerastia lotella complex, a new species, Anerastia oleshkyella sp. nov. is described from Southern Ukraine based on genitalia characters and molecular data. Anerastia dignella P. Leraut, 2014 stat. nov. is raised to species rank and redescribed based on additional material from the Alps (Northern Italy and Northern France) and Eastern Austria. The differences between A. lotella (Hübner, 1813), A. dignella and A. oleshkyella sp. nov. are discussed. Adults and genitalia are illustrated for all three species and compared to each other. Finally, a neotype is designated for Anerastia lotella to formally fix the identity of this species.
Description of two new species of Claustropyga Hippa, Vilkamaa & Mohrig (Diptera, Sciaridae) from the northern Palaearctic
Authors: VILKAMAA PEKKA
Published: June 2024

Claustropyga alveata sp. n. and C. caetrata sp. n. from the northernmost Palaearctic are described and illustrated. Claustropyga alveata sp. n. has a highly modified tegmen and unusual gonocoxal apodemes, and C. caetrata sp. n. has an uncommonly shaped apical tooth of the gonostylus. The newly described species raise the number of known species of Claustropyga to twenty-seven.
Recircumscription of the genera Goniozus and Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: MAGNACCA KARL N.
Published: June 2024

A number of undescribed species of the bethylid genera Goniozus and Sierola have been discovered in Australia and North America with character states that had previously been thought to be exclusive to one or the other, prompting a re-examination of the generic boundaries. Analysis of a large dataset of cytochrome oxidase I mtDNA sequences and key morphological characters found that Goniozus is well defined by two insertion-deletion events in COI. The traditional morphological characters can also be used to separate the genera, but variation within the regional fauna must be taken into account. Sierola always has four maxillary palpomeres; Goniozus usually has five, but some Nearctic species have four. Goniozus always has cell 2R1 of the fore wing open, with vein Rs weakly curved; Sierola has Rs bent sharply towards the wing margin, usually closing 2R1, but a small number of recently-described Hawaiian species and many undescribed Australian species and have it narrowly to moderately open. As a result of these changes, two species are transferred from Goniozus to Sierola: Sierola angulata (Muesebeck, 1933) comb. nov. from Australia, and Sierola jamiei (Ward, 2013) comb. nov. from New Zealand.
Single-Shot Standoff Hyperspectral Raman Imaging of a Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant
Authors: Anderson Benjamin R. , Eilers Hergen
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate single-shot standoff hyperspectral Raman imaging of liquid diisopropyl methylphosphonate at a standoff distance of 1 m using two different techniques: multi-bandpass filter imaging (MBFI) and fiber-bundle imaging spectroscopy (FBIS). We find that MBFI has good spatial resolution, but poor spectral resolution, due to the limitations of commercially available bandpass filters. On the other hand, we find FBIS to have excellent spectral resolution, but limited spatial resolution due to the relatively small number of fibers in a bundle. For FBIS, we also determine, for a 1 m standoff distance, a minimum pump fluence of 10 mJ/cm2 to obtain good single-shot spectra.
Acceptance and use of artificial intelligence and AI-based applications in education: A meta-analysis and future direction
Authors: Ali Irfan , Warraich Nosheen Fatima , Butt Khadijah
Published: June 2024

The aim of present study was to measure the relationship of UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) and TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) variables regarding AI technology and AI-based applications acceptance in education sector. Research was carried out by using PRISMA (Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis) guidelines. The relevant studies were searched from major databases that included a) Scopus, and b) Web of Science. Initial search retrieved 309 titles, and 30 relevant articles and conference papers were selected following the search process. Data was analysed using CMA (Comprehensive Meta-analysis) and Meta-Essential software. Findings exhibit that the relationship between UTAUT variables and BI to accept AI and AI-based applications in education was high (PE → BI), medium (EE → BI, SI → BI), and low (FC → BI). The magnitude of the relationship of TAM constructs remained high for all paths (PU → AT, PEOU → AT, PU → BI, and PEOU → BI). Theoretically, this meta-analysis provided a panoramic picture of two leading technology acceptance models regarding the acceptance/adoption of AI and AI-based technology in education sector. This meta-analysis provided a way forward for researchers to extend research on AI-based applications including ChatGPT, intelligent tutoring, AI-based robots, AI-based Chatbots, and AI-based voice assistants. Practically, findings are useful for IT companies, and decision makers of educational institutes in designing and implementing AI and AI-based applications.
Applying Comfort Theory to Improve Outcomes for People in Sickle Cell Crisis
Authors: Elting Julie Kientz , Di Cesare Danielle , Layne Jenee , Murthy Marla , Mysyuk Orest
Published: June 2024

When people with sickle cell disease in vaso-occlusive crisis need hospitalization, they often experience fragmented and disparate treatment. Racial, gender, and socioeconomic treatment bias by providers, including nurses, is complicated by the current reactionary United States (US) controlled substance policies. To provide high-quality and respectful care, nurses can use Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory as the framework for a holistic plan to assess, deliver individualized interventions, and evaluate outcomes for people experiencing vaso-occlusive crisis. Once in the electronic medical record, it can guide care during future hospitalizations. By refocusing on the nursing value of providing comfort care to individuals in distress, nurses can change treatment outcomes for clients.
Community and Japanese Developmental Capitalism: A Scaled and Sociological Political Economy
Authors: Hayashi Mahito , Tamano Kazushi
Published: June 2024

Japan has a standard framework for local communities, neighborhood associations, which request all households in the same residential district to belong to one community unit that plays a local management role through closely working with authorities. By framing a concept of ‘societalization’ in Bob Jessop’s state theory using Neil Brenner’s ‘scaled’ political economy project, we decipher Japanese neighborhood associations as a scaled strategy for community-oriented societalization. This strategy formally presents itself as ‘voluntary’ but asks all households to participate, and this ‘compulsory’ community norm was strong until the 1970s and 1980s. The renaissance of neighborhood associations after World War II gave Japanese developmental capitalism – a statist but democratic capitalism – a scaled and sociological platform for generating community-based social cohesion and upscaling this effect from the local to the national. After considering a sociological debate in Japan in the ambit of Gramscian and Lefebvrian regulationism, we argue that neighborhood associations became administratively versatile as they were standardized, functionalized, and nationalized until 1945; this past helped the Japanese developmental state – an integral state project – societalize state space from a micro unit of locality and propel statist development with grassroots consent; and progressive/radical voices advanced the democratization of the associations through local activism.
Cultural encounters between Kaehwagi Chosŏn and modern France represented in the works of Kim T’akhwan and Sin Kyŏngsuk
Authors: Lee Chan-Kyu , Cho Yoon-Jung
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the diplomatic ties between Chosŏn and France during the Kaehwagi period, an enlightenment era in the Chosŏn Dynasty, through a comparative study of historical novels by Korean writers Kim T’akhwan and Sin Kyŏngsuk. Both authors feature Li Tsin, the first woman of her time to travel to Europe, who undergoes a transformative journey from a conservative Chosŏn lady to a modern, independent figure under the influence of French culture. The paper examines how Li's story reflects the complexities of a society caught between imperial powers and the role of modern Western culture in Korea. By analyzing the perspectives of major contemporary Korean writers on the notion of “the Other,” which represents the West and French modern culture, the study explores the significance of Li Tsin's life experiences and their impact on Korea's perception of the West. The paper aims to uncover the post-Eurocentric perspectives that have persisted from the Kaehwagi period to the present, and how the contemporary culture of France allowed for independent reflection, breaking romantic conventions and enabling an autonomous reception of French culture in Korea.
A Geospatial Analysis of Barriers to Cleft Lip and Palate Care in the United States
Authors: Heron Matthew J. , Rezwan Siam K. , Zhu Katherine J. , Gornitsky Jordan , Redett Richard J. , Yang Robin
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study evaluates the geospatial distribution of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) care in the United States, assesses disparities between families with and without one-hour proximity to CL/P care, and recommends interventions for improving access.

Design

We identified American Cleft Palate Craniofacial Association-approved CL/P teams and calculated a one-hour driving radius around each clinic. We then used census data to compare risk factors for developing cleft (i.e., incidence risk factors) and obstacles to care (i.e., access risk factors) between counties with and without one-hour proximity.

Results

We identified 187 CL/P teams in 45 states. Most were in the South (n = 60, 32.0%), though children in the Middle Atlantic had the greatest access to care. Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky had the least access. Children without access were 39% more likely to have gestational tobacco exposure, 8% more likely to have gestational obesity exposure, and 28% less likely to have health insurance (p < 0.01). Children without access in the South were 29% more likely to have a low birth weight and 46% more likely to be living below the poverty line (p < 0.01). Children with access were twice as likely to live in immigrant families and 7-times more likely to speak English as a second language.

Conclusions

Pronounced disparities affect patients with and without one-hour access to CL/P care. Interventions should address care costs for patients living furthest without access and language barriers for patients with access that speak English as a second language.
Examining the Role of Mentoring on Perceived Employability Among University Students in China
Authors: Niu Yuanlu , Xu Xu , Lewis Shane , Xie Lei , Reed Markum
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of mentoring on university students’ perception of employability in China and to investigate the role of mentoring duration, frequency, and mentor-mentee similarity as potential moderating factors. This quantitative study was conducted by administering an online survey among university students in China. All participants ( N = 1023) completed demographic questions and a Likert scale questionnaire consisting of 16 self-perceived employability scale items and 25 college student mentoring scale items. After controlling for the university students’ age, gender, academic field, and university rank, mentoring was significantly positively associated with perceived employability. Our results further reveal that out of the four mentoring functions, psychological emotional support is significantly positively associated with perceived employability. The findings suggest that mentoring duration, frequency, and mentor-mentee similarities shape the impact of psychological emotional support on employability. The findings of this study contribute to the literature on mentoring and perceived employability, and provide valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and mentoring program developers. By emphasizing the importance of key mentorship functions, educational institutions can develop effective mentoring programs and interventions to enhance university students’ career prospects and employability.
Comparison of modeling methods and mitigation measures for curve squealing
Authors: Feng Xiaohang , Chen Guangxiong , Song Qifeng , Dong Bingjie , Ren Wenjuan
Published: June 2024

Predicting and mitigating curve squealing has always been difficult. This study employed various modeling methods to unify the existing models and establish three finite element models (FEMs) of wheelset–track systems to predict curve squealing. The FEMs of the wheelset–track systems, which incorporated solid fasteners, negative friction–velocity slopes, and multiple wheelsets, were examined using complex eigenvalue analysis to determine their relative capacity to predict curve squeal. The inhibitory effects of damping treatments on curve squeal in both wheels and rails were also studied. The results indicate that, in an improvement on the initial model, the FEMs developed in this study can effectively predict curve squeal with frequencies of 482, 1,205, and 2154 Hz. The wheelset–track system was more likely to produce frictional self-excited vibrations under negative damping and interference from multiple wheelsets, but the impact was small. In addition, the rubber block angle of the resilient wheel was set at 15°. Increasing the damping of the rail vibration absorbers and selecting a continuous–discrete under-rail vibration absorber effectively suppressed the generation of curve squeal.
Physical education pre-service teachers’ perceptions of learning about the spectrum of teaching styles and its role in their pedagogical awareness and practice
Authors: Simonton Kelly L. , Haneishi Kanae , Gray Aimee , Espinoza Celina
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine physical education pre-service teachers’ (PSTs’) beliefs about the usefulness of the spectrum of teaching styles (also referred to as The Spectrum; Mosston and Ashworth, 2008 ) and their perceived abilities to use each style. Using a series of foregrounding techniques based on The Spectrum, PSTs’ ( N = 34) experiences with the teaching styles were explored over one academic semester using a mixed methods approach ( Creswell and Plano Clark, 2018 ). The participants completed a pre/post survey (validated instrument) before and after the semester to record their perceptions of each teaching style. All participants answered several open-ended questions and completed a series of video-based lesson reflections, and 15 of the 34 participants were interviewed individually about their experiences. The results reflected significant increases in the PSTs’ perceived ability to use styles A, B, and F. Qualitative themes were: (1) instructional comfortability from early and frequent experiences learning about and using The Spectrum; (2) a heightened desire to utilize styles with K-12 students; (3) a desire for more support in understanding the alignment between style choice and learning objectives; and (4) an interest in knowing how to connect The Spectrum with curriculum models. The results suggest that there is likely a developmental process for PSTs in learning about and applying The Spectrum. A relationship also appears to be present between using The Spectrum in conjunction with models-based practices. Foregrounding PSTs’ learning within The Spectrum can ease planning anxiety more intentionally and effectively, which can in turn increase the pedagogical accountability of PSTs.
Disability level and use of long-term care services in Norway: a nation-wide registry study
Authors: Burrell Lisa Victoria , Døhl Øystein , Rostoft Siri , Berggaard Nina , Antonova Iryna , Johanne Landsjøåsen Bakken Inger
Published: June 2024

Aims:

In Norway, disability level is an important criterion when deciding the type and level of long-term care services. Each care recipient can be scored on 20 different disability level measures. Our aims were to investigate completeness in disability level information in the Norwegian Registry of Primary Health Care (NRPHC), to group disability level measures into meaningful groups, and to study the relationship between grouped disability scores and the type of services received.

Methods:

We retrieved information on type of care and disability level from the NRPHC on individuals who received long-term care services in 2022. Type of care was divided into hierarchical and mutually exclusive groups, with long-term institutional care as the most complex service group. We used principal components analysis to summarise and visualise the information in the 20 different disability level measures, and to create grouped scores.

Results:

A total of 386,697 persons aged 0–104 years were registered as recipients of long-term care services in Norway on 31 December 2022. Information on disability measures were of high completeness (72.4 % of the population were registered with all 20 measures) but was lower for younger age groups in which the number of recipients was lower. Principal components analyses identified two groups of measures, which we termed physical and cognitive functioning. Physical and cognitive functioning were poorest for individuals receiving the most complex and extensive services.

Conclusions:

NRPHC disability data are reasonably complete, the 20 measures readily fall into two distinct categories, and seem to reflect real life differences in disability.
Past, Present, and Future of Learning Agility: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis
Authors: Reyes Luisa-Eugenia , Blanco María-Rita , Pinillos María-José
Published: June 2024

Given the unpredictability and complexity of the business environment -due to the Fourth Industrial Revolution and augmented by the COVID-19 pandemic-, employees are required to continually learn new skills and ways of working. Even though 20 years have passed since the coining of the learning agility (LA) construct, only one literature review has explored it qualitatively. Through a co-word bibliometric analysis, complemented by a content analysis, this paper aims to identify the intellectual structure of the LA. Results show that the scientific production by research areas, journals, and studies that have contributed most to the field. Career variety was found as a central and underdeveloped theme while Talent Management was identified as potential emergent one. The important themes for structuring the field on LA were mostly examined from an individual level, as a process or as an outcome. Future research within the Human Resource Development field is suggested.
Auteur Theory and Minor Literature: Meg Jayanth as a Game Auteur
Authors: Jankowski Filip
Published: June 2024

The auteur theory, when applied to collaborative pieces like digital games, has faced criticism. This article aims to explore the feasibility of reviving the auteur theory by illustrating the work of screenwriter Meg Jayanth as a case study. Assuming that symbolic authorship can be identified through recurrent themes, distinctive game mechanics, and recognizable authorial signatures, Jayanth can be considered an auteur, despite frequently performing supportive roles for more prominent designers and directors. Jayanth's contributions, classified per Deleuze and Guattari as minor literature, encompass critiques of colonialism, advocacies for environmental consciousness, distinctive game mechanics associated with her name, and cameos. The article advocates for the revitalization of auteur theory studies to facilitate progressive dialogues on individuals whose contributions have been overshadowed in the discourse surrounding digital games.
Reconceptualizing the Link Between Validity and Translation in Qualitative Research: Extending the Conversation Beyond Equivalence
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Qi Wen , Li Pei-Jung , Li Peiwei
Published: June 2024

Qualitative researchers often take for granted that the process of translation involves finding in the target language an equivalent linguistic expression to the one used in the source language. The validity of translation in qualitative research is thus based on the equivalence between the original and the translated texts, and correspondingly, uncertainty and differences between the two are treated as threats to validity and trustworthiness. Integrating insights from critical translational theories and Phil Carspecken’s critical reconstructive analysis, we demonstrate that a series of possible meanings always co-exists in the interpretation of a single speech act in both an original text and its translation. These nuanced meanings carry both foregrounded and backgrounded historical, inter-, and intra-cultural references. Through the application of critical reconstructive analyses to original and translated texts, we use examples to demonstrate an approach to achieve reflexivity and criticality through embracing, dialoguing about, and reflecting upon the uncertainty and difference in the meaning-making process of translation. Under this new approach, equivalence is not the sole criterion to evaluate the validity and trustworthiness of translation-related work in qualitative research; uncertainty and difference are not merely threats to the validity of qualitative research. We argue that, if addressed appropriately, uncertainty and difference can catalyze researchers’ interrogation of their own positionality as well as various forms of power dynamics, and thus enhance the validity of qualitative research.
Women living with infertility in Iran: A qualitative content analysis of perception of dignity
Authors: Mohammadi Fateme , Javanmardifard Sorur , Bijani Mostafa
Published: June 2024

Background:

Globally, infertility is known as a major problem which can ruin a couple’s relationship. In recent years, many studies have addressed the causes of infertility, the outcomes of treatments for infertility, and the effects of infertility on couples’ mental health; however, the concept of dignity of women living with infertility has never been examined in depth.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the dignity of women living with infertility in Iran.

Design:

This qualitative research was conducted via conventional content analysis approach.

Methods:

This qualitative study was conducted in Iran from February to December 2022. In this research, the data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews with 23 women living with infertility selected via purposive sampling. The interviews were continued until reaching the data saturation point. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through Graneheim and Lundman style content analysis, with data management done using the MAXQDA software. To achieve the accuracy and validity of the study, the four-dimension criteria by Lincoln and Guba, namely credibility, dependability, conformability, and transformability, were considered and used.

Results:

Analysis of the qualitative data yielded three themes and eight subthemes. The three main themes were (1) overcoming identity crises (overcoming dysthymia, coping with unaccomplished motherhood), (2) respect for personal identity (respect for confidentiality; respect for beliefs, values, and attitudes; avoidance of stigma and pity), and (3) compassion-focused therapy (sympathizing, mental and spiritual support, and enhancement of life skills).

Conclusion:

Dignity of women living with infertility encompasses overcoming identity crises, respect for personal identity, and compassion therapy. The policymakers and administrators in the healthcare system can use the findings of this study to create a proper clinical environment toward preserving the dignity of women living with infertility.
Association of Premorbid Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Concussion Recovery in Collegiate Student-Athletes
Authors: Sawlani Sabrina P. , Goldman Joshua T. , Babikian Talin , McArthur David L. , Polster Douglas , McCrea Michael , McAllister Thomas , Giza Christopher C. ,   CARE Consortium,   CARE Consortium Investigators, Ortega Justus D. , Port Nicholas , Putukian Margot , McDevitt Jane , Giza Christopher C. , Goldman Joshua T. , Benjamin Holly J. , Buckley Thomas , Kaminski Thomas W. , Clugston James R. , Feigenbaum Luis A. , Eckner James T. , Mihalik Jason P. , Anderson Scott , Master Christina L. , Kontos Anthony P. , Chrisman Sara P.O. , Cameron Kenneth , Duma Stefan , Miles Christopher M.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Mental health disorders are linked to prolonged concussion symptoms. However, the association of premorbid anxiety/depression symptoms with postconcussion return-to-play timelines and total symptom burden is unclear.

Objective:

To examine the association of self-reported premorbid anxiety/depression symptoms in collegiate student-athletes with (1) recovery times until asymptomatic, (2) return-to-play, and (3) postconcussion symptom burden.

Study Design:

Athletes in the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Consortium completed baseline concussion assessments (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool [SCAT3] and Brief Symptom Inventory-18 [BSI-18]). Athletes were tested postinjury at <6 hours, 24 to 48 hours, time of asymptomatic and start of return-to-play protocol, unrestricted return-to-play, and 6 months after injury. Injured athletes were categorized into 4 groups based on BSI-18 scores: (1) B-ANX, elevated anxiety symptoms only; (2) B-DEP, elevated depression symptoms only; (3) B-ANX&DEP, elevated anxiety and depression symptoms; and (4) B-NEITHER, no elevated anxiety or depression symptoms. Relationship between age, sex, BSI-18 group, SCAT3 total symptom and severity scores, and time to asymptomatic status and return-to-play was assessed with Pearson’s chi-squared test and robust analysis of variance.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Results:

Among 1329 athletes with 1352 concussions, no respondents had a self-reported premorbid diagnosis of anxiety/depression. There was no difference in time until asymptomatic or time until return-to-play between BSI-18 groups ( P = 0.15 and P = 0.11, respectively). B-ANX, B-DEP, and B-ANX&DEP groups did not have higher total symptom or severity scores postinjury compared with the B-NEITHER group.

Conclusion:

Baseline anxiety/depression symptoms in collegiate student-athletes without a mental health diagnosis are not associated with longer recovery times until asymptomatic, longer time to return-to-play, or higher postconcussion total symptom and severity scores compared with athletes without baseline symptoms.

Clinical Relevance:

Anxiety and depression symptoms without a clear mental health diagnosis should be considered differently from other comorbidities when discussing prolonged recovery in collegiate student-athletes.
Yellow Techno-Peril: The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ and anti-Chinese racial rhetoric in the US–China AI arms race
Authors: McInerney Kerry
Published: June 2024

The rhetoric of an ‘AI arms race’ between the United States and China has become increasingly prominent over the past 5 years, despite warnings that it is unnecessarily polarising and undermines safe and ethical artificial intelligence (AI) development. However, existing critiques of the AI arms race narrative engage only sparingly with the racialised dimensions of this discourse. In this article, I draw on the rich theoretical insights of Asian American and Asian diaspora studies to show how the AI arms race narrative is deeply racialised in two key ways. First, I show how the rhetoric of an AI arms race builds upon the myth of a ‘Clash of Civilizations’ between the West and the East. This civilisational rhetoric constitutes China and the United States as distinct and mutually opposed cultural entities, thus foreclosing the possibility of more peaceful and cooperative alternatives to the AI arms race. Second, I demonstrate how the US–China AI arms race specifically draws on previous racialised configurations of anti-Asian sentiment, such as techno-Orientalism and the Yellow Peril. I coin the term Yellow Techno-Peril to connote how older European and Americans fears of being overrun or controlled by China are reproduced in the AI arms race. I close by offering recommendations to key stakeholders such as policymakers, decisionmakers, journalists and media organisations as to how they can mitigate and avoid the racialised rhetoric of an AI arms race between the United States and China.
Mandatory age verification for pornography access: Why it can't and won't ‘save the children’
Authors: Stardust Zahra , Obeid Abdul , McKee Alan , Angus Daniel
Published: June 2024

Age verification is currently gaining traction among some western democracies as a means to restrict minors’ access to online pornography. In this article we consider the ramifications of applying age estimation software to this task. We analyse a public dataset of 10,139 facial images processed through a commonly used high-performance convolutional neural network approach and find significant inconsistencies in classification performance. Notably, the software demonstrates racial bias, with highest accuracy for the Caucasian category and lowest accuracy for the African category. It also displays age and gender bias, with lower accuracy for young males compared to young females. In addition to underwhelming technical performance, we argue that the concept of employing automated processes to restrict access to pornography is not only problematic but fundamentally misconceived. The systems being proposed to automate age verification create greater user data privacy risks and divert resourcing that could be spent on strategies that are proven to support healthy sexual development. Ultimately, mandatory age verification systems create barriers to post-pubescent young people seeking information about sex online. Our study concludes that the underlying problem with age verification, therefore, is not only technical but more profoundly political: even if the system can be made to work, it should not be.
When “virtual” works and when it doesn’t: A survey of physician and patient experiences with virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hensel Jennifer M. , Lemoine Jocelyne , Bolton Shay-Lee , Perera Essence , Arpin Megan , Sareen Jitender , Modirrousta Mandana
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess the experience of virtual care among both patients and physicians across a range of clinical scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A web-based survey was disseminated to patients and physicians through a variety of media and healthcare communications from May 2020 to July 2021. Demographic details and attitudes across a range of virtual care domains were collected. Quantitative responses were analyzed descriptively. Open-text responses were gathered to contrast when a virtual visit was superior or inferior to an in-person one, and a thematic content analysis was used.

Results

There were 197 patients and 93 physician respondents, representing a range of demographic and practice characteristics. Patients noted several benefits of virtual care and felt it should continue to be available. Physicians felt they could do a lot of their care virtually. Common themes related to the superiority of virtual care were for “quick” visits, reviewing test results, chronic disease monitoring, and medication needs. Virtual care was less ideal when a physical exam was needed, and was not perceived as a good fit for an individual's cultural, language, or emotional needs. Certain conditions were identified as both ideal and non-ideal for the virtual format (e.g. mental healthcare).

Discussion

Certain situations are more amenable to virtual care with personal preferences among both patients and physicians. Future priorities should ensure that virtual care is effective across the range of clinical situations in which it may be used and that both virtual and in-person options are equally available to those who want them.
Modeling food-related business closure in select New York City communities using multi-scale and spatial features
Authors: Wang Shu , Laefer Debra F
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces an extensible framework to predict small-business closures to inform urban planners, lenders, and business owners as to factors to improve business resilience. This paper couples machine learning with two point of interest (POI) datasets and infrastructure data and uses New York State’s COVID-19 PAUSE as a stressor for investigating small-business resiliency. The study included 2537 food-related, non-chain, retail businesses across select New York City zip codes, of which 17.7% closed permanently. Macro-, meso-, and micro-levels of features included the neighborhood profile, street dynamics, and venue-specific, location-related characteristics. A Gaussian Mixture Neural Network model achieved 74.1% precision, 92.5% recall, and an 82.3% F1-score without use of financial data. High-end restaurants located further than average from public transit were most at risk for closure, while non-restaurant, food businesses in commercially diverse areas having higher-than-average social media ratings were least at risk. This paper introduces a model for timely prediction of pandemic-induced, food-related, small-business closures without reliance on private or protected financial data, and provides insights into urban design to promote small, food business survivability.
Black TiO2-based nanoparticles as Toll-like receptor stimulator delivery system for enhanced photothermal-immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Xu Liu , Wu Ruoyu , Ni Jiajing , Jin Lufei , Xu Kaiwei , Zhu Yuchao , Hong Lu , Chen Chunqu , Wang Linwei , Zhu Lubin , Zhou Weijian , Shen Wenqi , Wang Jianhua
Published: June 2024

Background

The tumor-specific immune responses, essential for removing residual lesions and preventing tumor metastases, can be stimulated by tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) released following photothermal therapy (PTT). However, due to the immunosuppressed microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the TAAs released by PTT are difficult to induce an effective immune response. In this work, we prepared the mesoporous silica (mSiO2) coated black titanium dioxide (bTiO2) photothermal nanoparticles (NPs) for enhanced photothermal-immunotherapy toward PDAC, in which resiquimod (R848) was loaded and DOTA-Gd was conjugated. The NPs are specified as bTiO2@mSiO2@Gd/R848 and abbreviated to NPs/R848. R848 as a kind of Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist can remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME) in PDAC and induce a strong immune response. Furthermore, DOTA-Gd serves as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent to improve the T1-weighted MRI performance of the NPs.

Results

In vitro results of this study show that NPs/R848 could thermally ablate tumor cells and efficiently trigger dendritic cell (DC) maturation. The results of in vivo investigations demonstrate that the combined use of photothermal-immunotherapy exhibits a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Besides, it promoted maturation of DCs and enhanced infiltration of CD8 + , CD4 + T cells to improve the TME in PDAC.

Conclusions

Our study anticipates that by encouraging the maturation of DCs, this strategy will improve the TME and enable the successful photothermal-immunotherapy of PDAC.
Effect of supplementing lysins and methionine to low-protein diets on growth performance, hepatic antioxidant capacity, immune status, and glycolytic activity of tibetan sheep
Authors: Ji Qiurong , Zhang Fengshuo , Su Quyangangmao , He Tingli , Wu Zhenling , Zhu Kaina , Chen Xuan , Wang Zhiyou , Hou Shengzhen , Gui Linsheng
Published: June 2024

Reducing the levels of dietary protein is an effective nutritional approach in lowering feed cost and nitrogen emissions in ruminants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Lys/Met ratio in a low protein diet (10%, dry matter basis) on the growth performance and hepatic function (antioxidant capacity, immune status, and glycolytic activity) in Tibetan lambs. Ninety two-month-old rams with an average weight of 15.37 ± 0.92 kg were randomly assigned to LP-L (dietary Lys/Met = 1:1), LP-M (dietary Lys/Met = 2:1) and LP-H (dietary Lys/Met = 3:1) treatments. The trial was conducted over 100 d, including 10 d of adaption to the diets. Hepatic phenotypes, antioxidant capacity, immune status, glycolytic activity and gene expression profiling was detected after the conclusion of the feeding trials. The results showed that the body weight was higher in the LP-L group when compared to those on the LP-M group (P < 0.05). In addition, the activities of the catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the LP-L group were significantly increased compared with the LP-M group (P < 0.05), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in LP-H group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with LP-H group, both hepatic glycogen (P < 0.01) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.05) were significantly elevated in LP-L group. For the LP-L group, the hepatocytes were arranged radially with the central vein in the center, and hepatic plates exhibited tight arrangement. Transcriptome analysis identified 29, 179, and 129 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the LP-M vs. LP-L, LP-H vs. LP-M, and LP-H vs. LP-L groups, respectively (Q-values < 0.05 and |log2Fold Change| > 1). Gene Ontology (GO) and correlation analyses showed that in the LP-L group, core genes (C1QA and JUNB) enriched in oxidoreductase activity were positively correlated with antioxidant indicators, while the MYO9A core gene enriched in the immune response was positively associated with immune indicators, and core genes enriched in molecular function (PDK3 and PDP2) were positively correlated with glycolysis indicators. In summary, low-protein diet with a low Lys/Met ratio (1:1) could reduce the hepatic oxidative stress and improve the glycolytic activity by regulating the expression of related genes of Tibetan sheep.