bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia, Currently a Hot Topic: A Narrative Review
Authors: Chai JungHoon , Kang HyunJoo
Published: February 2021

Aging is associated with a progressive decline of skeletal muscle quantity and quality leading to a gradual slowing of movement, a decline in strength and power, and a condition known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a syndrome a risk of adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life and death. Agerelated losses in skeletal muscle mass and function have had a significant important in health care issue. In this study, we reviewed the recently introduced criteria for the Eastern and Western diagnosis of sarcopenia. A narrative review of evidence- and non-evidence-based papers was conducted, using a relevant methodological framework. This review is included the following: 1) definitions and diagnostic criteria over time; 2) pathophysiology of muscle loss; 3) management especially protein or amino acid supplementation, medications, and physical exercise.
A Percepção dos Cuidadores de Pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica em uso de Oxigenoterapia Domiciliar Prolongada
Authors: Bueno Giovana Hass , Weber Aldair , Godoy Ilda de
Published: February 2021

Introdução: A oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada apresenta barreiras físicas, emocionais e psicossociais para os usuários e cuidadores. Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção dos cuidadores sobre o cuidado com um paciente em uso da ODP. Método: Estudo qualitativo, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com 14 cuidadores de usuários de oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada, acompanhados em ambulatório especializado de uma cidade do interior do Brasil. As entrevistas foram avaliadas pela “Análise do Conteúdo de Bardin”. Foi aplicada a escala Caregiver Burden Scale para medir o impacto subjetivo das doenças crônicas na vida dos cuidadores. Resultados: Os participantes possuem idade média de 63 anos, sendo 11 do sexo feminino, alfabetizados, com tempo médio de cuidado diário prestado de 19 horas e média de 2,7 anos dedicados ao cuidado. A categoria mais sobrecarregada da Caregiver Burden Scale foi o ambiente. A partir da análise de conteúdo, surgiram quatro categorias: “Fortalezas do cuidado”; “Desafios do cuidado”; “Alterações emocionais, sociais e cotidianas como resultados do cuidado” e “Alterações na relação familiar do cuidador”. Conclusão: É importante o planejamento de ações integrais de saúde que possam minimizar os efeitos negativos resultantes da sobrecarga de trabalho vivenciada pelos cuidadores e melhorar a aderência dos pacientes ao tratamento.
The port of Leixões (Portugal): over 120 years of knowledge
Authors: Lopes Hugo Guedes , Dias Emílio Brògueira
Published: February 2021

The port of Leixões was built in the nineteenth century as an alternative to the Douro port in North Portugal. Despite the importance of the Douro port in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries (during the age of discoveries) and later in the eighteenth century with the port wine trade, it had several restrictions – namely, geomorphic and hydrodynamic features. The first studies of the new port of Leixões date back to the fifteenth century, but it was in the eighteenth century that a strong effort was made to deliver a viable alternative to the Douro port. Due to the magnitude of the work, it was considered one of the biggest engineering works of the nineteenth century. A diversity of structures are addressed, from vertical rock/concrete quay walls to piled quays and dolphins, pointing out the problems and describing the solutions. This work aims to describe the construction of the second most important port of Portugal, whose docks were totally excavated on the mouth of the River Leça, and its developments in over 120 years, focusing on the main geotechnical problems met and their mitigation. In fact, harbour geotechnics could learn from this outstanding engineering experience, and the Leixões port may contribute to that knowledge.
The recycling of expired aminocaproic acid injection for mint-leaf-like zinc aminocaproate
Authors: Hou Hongying , Lan Jian , Yao Yuan , Meng Kun , Huang Baoxiang , Li Hao
Published: February 2021

In this work, a zinc (Zn) aminocaproate complex was extracted from expired aminocaproic acid injection by way of one-step facile chemical liquid-phase deposition for the first time, and the morphology, microstructure and electrochemical lithium (Li)-storage performances were also investigated. The results showed that the obtained zinc aminocaproate complex displayed a uniform mint-leaf-like flower morphology with a particle size of 300–500 nm. The reversible discharge specific capacities were 379.1 mAh/g at 100 mA/g and 100.6 mAh/g at 2000 mA/g, indicating high electrochemical lithium-storage performances. Conversion reaction and alloying/dealloying were confirmed to take part in the electrochemical lithium-storage mechanism. Seemingly, orderly hierarchical mint-leaf-like morphology may play an important role in improving the electrochemical lithium-storage capacity of the zinc aminocaproate complex anode. The satisfactory results may open a new path to develop the circular economy of expired waste aminocaproic acid injection which is very important for the environmental protection and sustainable development.
Perfil de sensibilidad “in vitro” de Staphylococcus spp. aislados de muestras en pioderma canino en la ciudad de Popayán
Authors: Daza Bolaños Alicia , Celis Enríquez Adriana , Chantre Gonzalez Dayana , Gaviria Bejarano Estephany
Published: February 2021

el pioderma canino corresponde a la contaminación bacteriana de la piel, causada en mayor parte de los casos por Staphylococcus pseudointermedius. Durante las últimas décadas los Staphylococcus sp. han mostrado una mayor resistencia a los antimicrobianos, en medicina humana y veterinaria. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el perfil de sensibilidad “in vitro” de Staphylococcus sp. aislados en muestras de pioderma canino en la ciudad de Popayán. Fueron colectadas 34 muestras de caninos diagnosticados con pioderma en clínicas y refugios, cultivadas en medio de agar sangre 5% e incubadas a 37°C. Colonias aisladas se clasificaron por métodos bioquímicos: catalasa, manitol, fermentación de maltosa, glucosa y sacarosa. El perfil de sensibilidad fue evaluado por el método de difusión en discos con los antibióticos ceftriaxona, cefalexina, amoxicilina con ácido clavulánico, doxiciclina, clindamicina y sulfa/trimetoprim, clasificando a los estafilococos como sensibles, intermedios o resistentes con referencia en los valores del Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. En 38% de las muestras cultivadas (n=13) fue aislado S. pseudointermedius, 18% (n=6) S. epidermidis, 15% (n=5) S. intermedius, 12% (n=4) S. aureus y en 18% (n=6) otros estafilococos. Respecto al perfil de sensibilidad “in vitro”, en términos generales se observó una mayor resistencia frente a clindamicina (68%), cefalexina (68%), amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico (59%) y ceftriaxona (56%). Respecto al patógeno más resistente, S. pseudointermedius mostró una resistencia en 6/13 aislados para todos los antibióticos evaluados, seguido de S. epidermidis con 5/6 aislados y S. intermedius con 3/5 aislados. S. aureus, S. y Staphylococcus spp. mostraron igual proporción de muestras resistente y sensibles dentro del total de aislados. El uso de pruebas específicas como cultivo y antibiograma es útil para identificar el patógeno causante y establecer una antibioterapia adecuada.
First Hungarian records of Aprostocetus eriophyes, an acariphagous chalcidoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Haarder Simon , Thuróczy Csaba , Csóka György
Published: February 2021

Aprostocetus eriophyes (Taylor, 1909) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is reported as new to the Hungarian fauna. Female specimens were reared from galls of the hazelnut big bud mite (Phytoptus avellanae Nalepa, 1889) (Phytoptidae) collected in February to April 2017 at six different locations in Hungary. Diagnosis, hosts, biology and distribution of A. eriophyes is discussed. With 3 figures.
New species and new records of Campopleginae from the Palaearctic region (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Vas Zoltán
Published: February 2021

Campoletis ensifera sp. n., Meloboris sagittaria sp. n. and Venturia atrata sp. n. are described from Mongolia. The hitherto unknown male of Leptoperilissus ibericus Horstmann, 1987 and of Casinaria camura Vas, 2019 are firstly described. First records of Alcima orbitale (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Republic of North Macedonia and Mongolia, Campoletis annulata (Gravenhorst, 1829), Campoletis crassicornis (Tschek, 1871), Campoletis dilatator (Thunberg, 1822), Campoletis ensator (Gravenhorst, 1829), Campoletis fuscipes (Holmgren, 1856), Campoletis latrator (Gravenhorst, 1829), Campoletis pectalis Riedel, 2017, Campoletis procera (Brischke, 1880), Campoletis varians (Thomson, 1887), and Campoletis viennensis (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Mongolia, Leptocampoplex cremastoides (Holmgren, 1860) from Kosovo and Republic of North Macedonia, Leptoperilissus ibericus Horstmann, 1987 from Algeria, Leptoperilissus maroccanus Horstmann, 1993 from Spain, Meloboris collector (Thunberg, 1822) from Armenia, Jordan, Kosovo and Serbia, Meloboris moldavica (Constantineanu et Mustata, 1972) from Mongolia, Hungary, Portugal and Turkmenistan, Phobocampe bicingulata (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Armenia, Phobocampe tempestiva (Holmgren, 1860) from Hungary and Switzerland, Porizon transfuga (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Bulgaria and Hungary, Pyracmon fumipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838) from Montenegro, Republic of North Macedonia and Slovakia, Rhimphoctona longicauda Horstmann, 1980 and Rhimphoctona megacephalus (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Romania, Rhimphoctona rufocoxalis (Clément, 1924) and Rhimphoctona teredo (Hartig, 1847) from Slovakia, and Venturia mongolica (Kokujev, 1915) from Mongolia are reported. With 3 figures.
Hybrizontinae of Hungary (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Vas Zoltán , Bakardzsiev Krisztián
Published: February 2021

The Hungarian fauna of the subfamily Hybrizontinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is revised based on the material of the Hymenoptera Collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. Three species are proved to occur in Hungary: Hybrizon buccatus (Brebisson, 1825), Hybrizon pilialatus Tobias, 1988 and Ogkosoma cremieri (Romand, 1838). Hybrizon pilialatus and Ogkosoma cremieri are reported for the first time from Hungary. Collecting data to the species occurring in Hungary are given.
A new Strymon species from the dry area of the Peruvian Andes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini)
Authors: Bálint Zsolt , Tomer Ofir
Published: February 2021

Strymon dubileah sp. n. is described from the dry area of the Peruvian Andes. It was collected in three localities between 2400 and 2900 m in the department Ancash. Based on genitalia character states the new species is placed in the Strymon ziba (Hewitson, 1868) species group, known hitherto being monotypic. In the literature and in a website the species was documented under the name S. ahrenholzi Nicolay et Robbins, 2005 and was placed in the Strymon serapio (Godman et Salvin, 1887) species group. Field observations regarding the behaviour of the S. dubileah imagines and the list of local papilionoid fauna are also given. With 15 figures.
Distribution, life history and conservation assessment of the critically endangered butterfly Pseudolucia parana (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Benyamini Dubi , Mega Nicolás Oliveira , Romanowski Helena Piccoli , Moser Alfred , Vila Roger , Bálint Zsolt
Published: February 2021

Pseudolucia parana Bálint, 1993 was described from Castro, Paraná, Brazil, where it was first collected over 120 years ago. It was observed/collected quite sporadically in the second half of the 20th century in a few isolated habitats in the State of Paraná. Excluding a single record since the early 2000s, the species was not observed in all its known sites in Paraná due to urbanization of its habitats or change of land use. Consequently the species in Paraná state is highly endangered, possibly extinct. Efforts to find the species in the state Santa Catarina failed. A new hope to the survival of the species appeared in the southernmost state Rio Grande do Sul, where some relict populations are documented. The results of rescue expeditions to several granitic hills in the region are presented and the current distribution P. parana is assessed. First descriptions of its early stages, ecology, ethology and recommendations for conservation are given. The data provided indicate that the global status of P. parana should be Critically Endangered. Some molecular traits of P. parana are analysed resulting in a preliminary assessment for the age of the populations. With 24 figures.
Choerades castellanii, new to Hungary (Diptera: Asilidae)
Authors: Boeraeve Margaux , Soltész Zoltán , Tamsyn Ward
Published: February 2021

Choerades castellanii (Hradský, 1962) is recorded from Hungary for the first time. This species was previously known only from Slovakia and Germany. Two specimens were identified from the Diptera Collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum and one specimen was caught while sitting on a pile of logs right outside the Bükk National Park. One of the museum specimens was caught close to the Croatian-Hungarian border, so the species can also be expected to be present in Croatia. With 5 figures.
Building Topics in Guiziga: A Cartographic Perspective
Authors: Njui Martha Mbu , Bebey Théodore
Published: February 2021

This article attempts to provide a description of topic constructions in the Guiziga language within the cartographic framework. Data for this work were collected using both the primary and secondary source. The analyses reveal that this language does not select topicalizers as it is the case in other Chadic languages (Bebey 2015 and 2018). It also demonstrates that the topicalized constituents undergo an upward movement to land in the Spec,Top, while it leaves an empty trace in the original position. The language tolerates multiple Topic Phrases (TopP) in the sentence left periphery.  Also, it is demonstrated that the subject –NP involves the apparition of the presumptive pronoun given the prominence of the latter. At the semantic level, the article indicates that topics in Guiziga are revelations about old information, rather than simple old information.
Speech Act Analysis of Dame Patience Jonathan’s Speeches
Authors: Odeh Bestman Esegbuyiota , Eze Augustina Ngozi , Dioka Bridget, O. , Ugochukwu Chinaza Loveline
Published: February 2021

This research work is centered on the speech act analysis of Dame Patience Jonathan. The main objectives of the work are to identify the types of speech acts in the selected Dame Patience’s speeches as well as to discover its effects on the citizens of the country. The theoretical framework adopted for data analysis is Searle’s speech act theory. For the analysis, only three speeches of Dame Patience Jonathan will be used. The speeches includes: Chibok girls speech, campaign speeches at Umuahia and Calabar. The study finds out that the speeches could have caused chauvinism and rivalry as well as proving that the then government is inept in solving the problem at hand. The findings also reveal different types of speech acts used by Dame Patience Jonathan using Searle’s speech act classification. The work identifies Declarative Speech act, Representative Speech act, Commisive speech acts and Directive speech act. The work also discovers how politicians such as Dame Patience Jonathan used language in such a way to manipulate the listeners/citizens. Furthermore, the work discusses the effect of Dame Patience Jonathan’s speeches on the people and how the people/citizens reacted to the speeches. The study recommended that if political figure wants to make a speech or address the citizens, s/he should weigh the speech and its consequence.
The Implementation of Authentic Award-winning Acceptance Speeches to Enhance IELTS Learners’ Motivation in Speaking Skills
Authors: Dinh Trinh Thi Kieu
Published: February 2021

Learners’ motivation in learning English plays an undeniable role in their progress. However, this is where the problem arises when language teachers find it struggling to boost their motivation to absorb the knowledge and produce a product. Learners’ lack of confidence in poor knowledge concerning background and linguistics discourages them from making any noticeable improvements, which is occurring in speaking classes when learners are afraid of voicing their opinions. The implementation of authentic videos to stimulate learners’ performance in speaking skills has been widely investigated, still the questions of what and how they are exploited have remained restrictively answered. The study aims at examining the impact of a specific type of video among numerous sources on the speaking ability of five intermediate-level learners who were preparing for the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) examination. The findings revealed that learners were eager to watch the authentic videos and they could learn a great deal from them, especially background knowledge, new range of vocabulary, native pronunciation and intonation.
Predicting EFL Learners’ Achievement from Their Two Faces—FLE and FLCA
Authors: Yang Bo
Published: February 2021

Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA) are a Janus-faced concept (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014). This study adopted a mixed-method approach to investigate how FLE interacts with FLCA to predict and be predicted by Foreign Language (FL) achievement among 589 undergraduate learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) at a key and a non-key university in Northwest China. Participants reported more FLE than FLCA. Significant school differences were found regarding the investigated variables. FLE regulated the debilitating aspect and positively predicted the facilitating aspect of FLCA, whereas facilitating anxiety, in turn, increased FLE via motivation and sense of success. FLE and FLCA significantly predicted FL achievement and vice versa. Qualitative analysis revealed that learner-internal variables were major sources of FLE and FLCA. Facilitating anxiety was reported to significantly and positively connect with FL achievement in both quantitative and qualitative data, although debilitating anxiety exerted a more influential role.
Exploration of Teacher Agency in the Implementation of the ESP Language Education Policy in a Chinese University
Authors: Deng Shiping
Published: February 2021

This case study investigates language teacher agency in the context of ESP curriculum reform in a Chinese university. Data collected from classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with both teachers and students from five ESP classes are analyzed by conducting a thorough thematic analysis. It is revealed that instead of following the national curriculum and institutional requirements, language teachers as policy arbiters make their own implicit policies which are creating spaces for their own discourses, and in this sense, they are “adjusting” the curriculum policy rather than “implementing” it. Teachers’ academic background, their views on the nature of language learning, their profound distrust of the efficacy of ESP courses, and students’ explicit performance are the main causes of teachers’ actual resistance to the policy. Unlike previous studies of teacher agency, an analysis of students’ needs and implicit discourses indicates that teachers’ agency excised through their hidden agenda may turn out to be a defense of their unwillingness to change, to the detriment of students’ academic performance. This study then suggests that policymakers should notice the negative side of teacher agency and stresses the necessity of a bottom-up survey on teachers’ ideologies in the implementation of a language education policy, and argues that creating spaces for negotiating and adjusting the policy at the instructional level, and offering effective teacher education programs are the key to the enactment of the national curriculum.
A hazai nagyvárosok sikerességének tényezői a vállalati vélemények tükrében
Authors: Koltai Zoltán , Filó Csilla
Published: February 2021

A rendszerváltozástól napjainkig élénk érdeklődés mutatkozik a magyar településhálózatban elfoglalt városi pozíciók értelmezése iránt. A kapcsolódó kutatások egy része komplex módon kezeli a mögöttes települési siker fogalmát, az elemzések a sikerességet befolyásoló tényezők szélesebb körét veszik figyelembe. Más kutatások inkább a sikeresség egy-egy kiemelt aspektusára koncentrálnak. Tanulmányunk célja, hogy rétegzett vállalati kérdőíves megkeresések (magyarországi vállalkozások régiók, vállalati méret és szektorok szerinti megoszlása) alapján bemutassa a magyarországi települések telephelyi megítélését, jellemezze az értékelések időbeli változását, és kísérletet tegyen típusképzésekre, egyidejűleg lehetőséget biztosítva a statisztikai adatalapú kutatási eredményekkel történő összevetésre is. A nemzetközi városrangsorok rövid áttekintését követően a magyarországi települési szintű kutatások elmúlt két évtizednyi eredményeiből válogatunk. Saját kutatási eredményeink közül bemutatjuk a városok telephelyi vonzerejének megítélését, megvizsgáljuk, hogy a vállalatok hogyan ítélik meg a településeket az országon és saját szűkebb régiójukon belül, valamint időbeni és térbeni összehasonlításokat is végzünk. Kvantitatív vizsgálataink alapján kijelenthetjük, hogy a statisztikai adatelemzésen alapuló kutatási eredményekkel összhangban, a nagyvárosok, a régió- és megyeközpontok kerültek a vállalati rangsorok élére. Visszaszorulóban van a kedvező működési költségek magyarázó ereje, ezzel szemben felértékelődőben van városaink nemzetközi kapcsolatrendszere, üzleti szolgáltatásaik, a helyben elérhető munkaerő felkészültsége és az előnyös innovációs kultúra. Úgy véljük, hogy kutatási eredményeink érdemi hozzájárulást biztosíthatnak az egyes települések komplex térségi tényezőkínálatának megalapozásához, ami fejlesztéspolitikai aspektusból azért sürgető feladat, mert vidéki nagy- és középvárosaink egyelőre nem részei a globális városrendszernek.
Fenntarthatóság és klímaadaptáció a városfejlesztésben – lock-in elemzés Budapest XVII. kerületének példáján keresztül
Authors: Buzási Attila , Csizovszky Anna
Published: February 2021

A klímaváltozás hatásai jelentősen befolyásolják a törekvést a fenntarthatóság irányába. A városkutatási témák között az utóbbi években a fenntartható fejlődés fogalma és célrendszere mellett előtérbe került a klímaadaptáció, azaz a klímaváltozáshoz való alkalmazkodás kérdésköre is. A szakpolitikai és tudományos relevancia ellenére a két fogalom viszonya, egymásra gyakorolt hatása – különösen gyakorlati szinten – nem tisztázott és kevésbé kutatott kérdés, az egymással szoros összefüggésben álló fogalmak párhuzamos vizsgálatát kevesen kísérelték meg. A sokasodó extrém időjárási jelenségeket kiváltó okok és a megoldandó problémák – aktív gazdasági tevékenységeik, népsűrűségük, valamint a kapcsolódó környezeti kihívások okán – a városokban koncentrálódnak. A városok tehát a megváltozott éghajlati viszonyokhoz történő alkalmazkodás kritikus tényezői.

A tanulmány célja, hogy Budapest XVII. kerületének példáján keresztül feltárja a városi fenntarthatóság, valamint a klímaadaptációs kritériumok egymásra gyakorolt hatását, és meghatározza lehetséges szinergiáikat. A rendelkezésre álló városfejlesztési beavatkozások komplex fenntarthatósági és adaptációs szempontú elemzése rávilágít azokra a tevékenységekre, melyek hosszú távon akár negatív hatásokkal is járhatnak, és ezáltal növelik az ún. lock-in jelenségek, vagyis a kényszerpályák kialakulásának veszélyét. Az elemzés során olyan értékelési keretrendszert alkalmaztunk, melynek segítségével a két terület közvetlen és közvetett hatásainak elemzése egyaránt lehetővé válik.

Habár a vizsgálat egy konkrét kerület példáján keresztül valósul meg, az értékelési keretrendszer bármely településre szabadon átalakítható, ezáltal ex-ante végezhető el a tervezett városfejlesztési beavatkozások komplex hatásértékelése. A tanulmány tehát nemzetközi szinten is kevésbé kutatott, gyakorlati szempontból azonban kiemelt jelentőséggel bíró területre fókuszál, valamint szélesíti a hazai városkutatás szakirodalmi bázisát.
The effect of role ambiguity and role conflict on job performance in the hotel industry: the mediating effect of job satisfaction
Authors:   University of Alanya Aladdin Keykubat, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Turkey, Unguren Engin , Arslan Serdar ,   University of Alanya Aladdin Keykubat, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Turkey
Published: February 2021

Accommodation businesses are stressful workplaces due to their dynamic and demanding work environment. Role ambiguity and role conflict are major stress factors for hotel employees, causing low levels of satisfaction and performance and high levels of turnover. The main purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between role conflict, role ambiguity, and job performance. The data was collected through fully structured questionnaires from employees working in 3, 4 and 5 star hotels in Alanya, one of the leading tourism destinations in Turkey. The data was analyzed via structural equation modeling. The results revealed that both role conflict and role ambiguity have direct negative influences on job performance and job satisfaction for hotel employees. Moreover, it was also proved that job satisfaction mediates the effect of role conflict and role ambiguity on job performance. In line with the findings, theoretical and managerial implications, contributions, limitations, and future research directions were discussed. It was implied that role stress factors must be addressed seriously by hotel managers in order to increase job performance.
Screening of novel 2-4methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound for peripheral analgesic activity
Authors: Ganugapeta Nishitha , Reddythala Sai Sravan Kumar
Published: February 2021

Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensation that can range from mild, localized discomfort to agony. The mechanism of pain perception involves dedicated subsets of peripheral and central neurons. For management of pain, currently, available treatment regimens are opioid analgesics and NSAIDs which are easily available over the counter drugs. Long term use of analgesics can lead to significant impact on human renal system, cardiovascular system and analgesic abuse etc. So, there is a need for novel, safe and cost effective analgesic compound. Hence a study on 2-4methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound, a novel thiophene compound has been carried out in different experimental animal models.Methods: Two methods were used to evaluate the peripheral analgesic activity of 2-4methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound. First method was Acetic acid induced writhing and compared to standard drug aspirin. Second method was late phase of formalin induced paw licking in mice and compared to a standard drug, aspirin.Results: With Acetic acid induced writhing, 40mg/kg dose of 2-4methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound has shown maximum Pain Inhibition Percentage (PIP) of 78 % compared to 91% by Aspirin. Whereas with late phase of Formalin test, 40mg/kg dose of 2-4methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound has shown maximum PIP of 58% in late phase compared to 86% by aspirin. The results were statistically significant with p<0.05.Conclusions: It can be concluded that 2-4methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound found to have moderate peripheral analgesic activity as evident in acetic acid induced writhing and late phase of formalin tests.
A clinical and mycological study of superficial mycosis
Authors: Patil Suma , Raikar Dayanand
Published: February 2021

Background: Superficial mycosis is among the most frequent forms of human infection affecting more than 20-25% of world’s population. Current study aims at assessing the clinical profile of dermatophytic infection and to identify the fungal species responsible.

Methods: A prospective study conducted on 100 patients with clinically suspected dermatophytosis presenting to Skin OPD in a tertiary hospital in north Karnataka. A detailed clinical history, general physical examination and systemic examination routine lab investigations were done. Sample collection for mycological examinations was done for direct microscopy in 10% KOH (40% KOH for nail) and fungal culture an SDA with 0.5% chloramphenicol and 0.5% cyclohexidine was done in every case.

Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Male:female ratio was approximately 3:2. Maximum numbers of cases were in the age groups of 16-30 years (46 cases). 46% patients had multiple site involvement followed by tinea corporis in 20 (20%), tinea cruris in 18 (18%), tinea unguium (8%), tinea manuum (3%), tinea pedis (3%), tinea barbae (1%), and tinea faciei (1%). Potassium hydroxide examination was positive for fungal elements in 88(88%) patients and 35(35%). The most common species identified were. Trichophyton rubrum in 60% samples, followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes in 20%.

Conclusions: Present clinical and mycological study showed tinea corporis as the most common clinical pattern followed by tinea cruris and T. rubrum as the most common causative agent.
A study to compare clinico-histopathological and dermoscopic findings in patients of vitiligo
Authors: Varma Krishnendra , Kumar Ujjwal , Sethi Siddharth
Published: February 2021

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired disorder; characterised by well-defined depigmented macules and patches. Its diagnosis is clinical but histopathology aids in doubtful cases, histopathological findings depend on the duration of clinical lesions. Dermoscopy serves as an auxiliary tool for diagnostic confirmation and additionally aids in the evaluation of disease activity.

Methods: It’s the hospital based observational study of 50 vitiligo patients. After ethical committee approval and patient’s consenting, detailed history with clinical and dermatological examination was performed using a dermoscope (10X) and biopsy sample was sent for examination. The results were statistically analysed, discussed and their correlation with clinical diagnosis was established.

Results: Generalised vitiligo was the most common presentation found, with koebnerization signifying progressive disease. Epidermal hyperkeratosis and absence of melanocytes were found to be significant in stable disease. Perilesional/marginal hyperpigmentation was observed in stable disease, while perifollicular depigmentation, trichrome pattern, comet tail appearance, micro koebner’s phenomenon and tapioca sago appearance were the findings significant in unstable disease.

Conclusions: Vitiligo is primarily a clinical diagnosis; additional modalities may be required either to confirm the diagnosis like histopathology or to assess the progression of disease with dermoscopy. Unstable disease display perifollicular depigmentation whereas stable disease display perifollicular pigmentation, and can be compared with epidermal hyperkeratosis and absence of melanocytes in the lesions of stable vitiligo on histopathology. Such studies with a greater number of cases are recommended for having better understanding of the findings.

 
A clinical study on linear dermatoses at a teriary care teaching hospital in Davangere
Authors: Manangi Sowmya , M. Anirudh , Sivuni Aishwarya , Smrutha Hosalli , Reddy Suga
Published: February 2021

Background: Skin lesions present with innumerable patterns like discoid, petaloid, arcuate, annular, polycyclic, livedo, reticulate, target, stellate, digitate, linear, serpiginous and whorled. Most of the linear lesions follow the Blaschko’s lines. Aim was to study the incidence of linear dermatoses, the age and sex incidence, various types of clinical presentation, various sites of distribution and their clinical correlation.  

Methods: Detailed history including family history, History of disease documented with clinical examination. After counselling and after recording their consent for the test, skin biopsy along with routine investigations was done wherever needed and the results were evaluated.

Results: Lichen striatus was seen in 29.91% followed by linear herpes zoster in 24.7%, linear lichen planus in 18.22%, linear verrucous epidermal nevus in 14.01%, segmental vitiligo in 3.73%, nevus depigmentation in 2.33% and others. Maximal cases were asymptomatic and reported for cosmetic reason. Intense itching was the main reason to bring the lichen planus patients and few cases of the lichen striatus patients for treatment.  

Conclusions: Lichen striatus was found to be more common, female preponderance. Majority of patients showed unilateral distribution more on the extremities. Histopathological correlation shows the importance of histopathology which ultimately changes the management in any given condition.

 
A clinico-epidemiological study of mask induced facial dermatoses due to increased mask usage in general public during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: A. Ramesh , K. Thamizhinian
Published: February 2021

Background: Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic many people started experiencing facial dermatoses like acne due to prolonged mask use and other personal protective equipment’s. Though most of the facial dermatoses due to face mask are reported in healthcare workers, general public are also affected by facial dermatoses due to prolonged mask use. Hence, we decided to undergo a study on different patterns of facial dermatoses due to prolonged mask use in Rajiv Gandhi government general hospital, Chennai. Aim of the study was to find out the incidence of facial dermatoses due to prolonged mask use in general public in the OPD of department of DVL in MMC and RGGGH, Chennai.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted at RGGGH during the months august, September and October 2020. The clinico-epidemiological details were collected from 400 patients attending the OPD of department of DVL at MMC and RGGGH.

Results: Among 400 study participants with mask induced facial dermatoses, acne (Maskne) was the most common facial dermatoses detected in 43% of participants, followed by Seborrhoea (28%), frictional dermatitis (18%), contact dermatitis (16%), non-specific erythema, cheilitis and other conditions.

Conclusions: Mask induced facial dermatoses can occur due to various factors like occlusive effect of mask, hyperhydration, seborrhoea, ambient high humidity due to sweating. As mask usage cannot be abandoned completely due to risk of virus transmission, dermatologists must be aware of the preventive strategies and treatments for mask induced facial dermatoses.
Study of the various cutaneous adverse reactions to radiotherapy
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Priyatharshini , Kumar Govardhan Jagadeesh , Sampadarao Bhavana
Published: February 2021

Background: Radiation-induced skin toxicity is a widely recorded toxicity of definitive radiation therapy with about half of patients experiencing grade 2 or higher skin reactions. Radiation-specific characteristics include total exposure, fractional dose, beam energy, field size, anatomic of radiation, and subsequent systemic therapy. Aim of the study was to identify and grade the various cutaneous adverse reactions to radiotherapy.

Methods: 25 patients underwent radiation therapy for any type malignancies were included in the study. Skin manifestations due to other systemic/ cutaneous diseases prior to radiotherapy. Detailed history was taken about disease course, cutaneous manifestations with emphasis on treatment (type of radiation, dosage and duration). General physical examination and dermatological examination were done.

Results: In this study 60% of patients were male, the minimum dose of radiation was 30Gy in 13% patients, maximum dose of radiation was 70Gy in 33% patients, 88% of patients were in RTOG grade 2. Hyperpigmentation was the commonest findings 23 (92%), followed by dry desquamation 11 (44%), the next common was epilation 10 (40%).

Conclusions: Radiation toxicity, generally occurring during or shortly after treatment can range from mild (hyperpigmentation, erythema) to severe (moist desquamation).

 
Melasma and sun exposure: a clinicoepidemiological study
Authors: Parsam Suman B. , Tallam Swetha
Published: February 2021

Background: Melasma is a chronic hyper pigmentary disorder mainly affecting females. It presents over the sun exposed areas of face. Various factors implicated in the etiology are sun exposure, pregnancy, OCPs, hormonal therapy, thyroid disorders, cosmetic use etc. The major causative factors are genetic predisposition and sun exposure. This study was aimed at studying the relation between duration of sun exposure and melasma development.

Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with melasma were included. Detailed history was taken and clinical examination done. Modified MASI score was calculated. Patients were divided into four groups depending on hours of sun exposure. Data was collected in a proforma, tabulated and analyzed.

Results: F: M ratio was 3.54:1 with 78% females and 22% males. 46% of females were in 4th decade and 72% of males were in their third decade. 35% of females were in 21-30 years age. Third decade was the commonest age of onset seen in 49% of patients. 46% patients had <1 hour and 23% had >6 hours of sun exposure per day. A p value of 0.0006 was found between the mMASI scores of group A and group D which was highly significant.

Conclusions: More number of young males with melasma in their third decade are seeking treatment. Increase in the duration of exposure to solar radiation leads to more severe melasma. So, sun exposure is a major aggravating factor. There is a need to create awareness about sun protection.

 
Adult-onset eccrineangiomatous hamartoma treated with excision and skin grafting: a case report
Authors: Devaraj Yogesh , Mukunda Ranga Swaroop , Yadav Priyanka Yogananda , Devendra Shaila Shree , Sundaram Premika Meenakshi
Published: February 2021

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma is a rare benign tumour like malformation characterized by intradermal proliferation of eccrine and vascular components. It usually arises before puberty but can occur at any age. It typically presents as a solitary or multiple reddish or brownish plaque or nodule that progressively enlarges in size. Symptoms such as pain and hyperhidrosis may be associated. Lesions are commonly located over distal extremities. We report a case of a 45-year-old lady who presented with a gradually enlarging solitary reddish plaque over the left retro-auricular region of the scalp since the last 12 years and associated with occasional pain. Histopathology revealed pproliferation of eccrine sweat glands and thin-walled blood vessels in the dermis. Additional ultrasound and MRI contrast studies were done to assess the vascular component and involvement of underlying structures. The patient was treated successfully with complete excision of the lesion followed by split thickness skin grafting.

 
Dermatological manifestations of COVID-19 and its therapies: a review
Authors: Singdia Heena , Mathur Rachita , Nijhawan Shivi , Rani Neha , Kothari Deepika , Garg Rohit , Bhargava Puneet , Mathur Deepak K.
Published: February 2021

In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic when we were still getting used to the rising cases every day and limited resources to deal them with, the focus was to get a hold of the situation as quickly as possible. Seven months into the pandemic, the cases are still on the rise but we have gathered some knowledge through the researches getting published every day, most of which are focused on the involvement of respiratory system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal system. Dermatological manifestations have not been given their due importance. Lately, many patients have started presenting with dermatological manifestation sometimes preceding or sometimes during COVID-19 infection with or without involvement of other systems. This may be beneficial to clinicians all over the world, to determine potential dermatological signs in COVID-19 and also help in earlier suspection of the COVID-19 infection. Many cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADR) to drugs advocated in COVID-19 treatment are also being reported every day, which are discussed in this review.

Here we attempt to review dermatological manifestations of COVID-19 infections and drug reactions by the drugs advocated for its treatment and an understanding in its path mechanisms reported thus far. This will help clinicians to get an insight into what to expect and when to expect in terms of dermatological manifestation of COVID-19 and its drugs.
Cyprian Norwid. Katalog prac plastycznych. Tom V: Prace luźne 3
Authors: Chlebowska Edyta
Published: February 2021

The publication is the first complete study in the form of an academic catalogue of the artistic works by Cyprian Norwid (1821-1883), one of the most outstanding authors in the history of Polish culture. The complete, seven-volume edition of the catalogue will include all that was drawn, painted or created in any other technique, that is, it includes drawings, watercolors, paintings and oil studies as well as graphic works, designs for sculptures and medallic works. Apart from the works that have been preserved, also ones that are considered lost, but were published during the artist’s life or after his death, as well as works we only know by their titles or from even minor mentions will be included. The catalogue will include both works with indisputable artistic value and rough sketches like notes in the form of drawings; and also, apart from loose compositions – works drawn on pages of sketchbooks and albums; moreover, drawings that are found in Norwid’s artistic and journalistic texts, in his letters and notes. The fifth volume of the catalogue contains the third, and at the same time last part of the chapter: Loose works, containing the remaining drawings and watercolors (not dated) and works in other techniques: graphics, oil paintings and sculptures. Each catalogue item contains complete information on the work, along with its complete bibliography and a color illustration.
miR-520h inhibits cell survival by targeting mTOR in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wen Jie , Bai Xiaoxia
Published: February 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy due to abnormal maternal glucose metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-520h and its potential target gene on the progression of GDM. The blood samples were taken from healthy pregnant women and GDM patients. Human villous trophoblasts HTR-8/SVNEO cells were treated with 25 mM glucose and were considered as the GDM cell model. The miR-520h level was detected using qRT-PCR in the serum and GDM cell model. The correlation analysis between fasting blood-glucose (FBG) level and miR-520h expression was analyzed. The target relationship between miR-520h and mTOR was verified using dual luciferase reporter assay. HG-induced cells were transfected with miR-520h mimic or miR-520h inhibitor and pCDNA3-mTOR vector or their NCs. Cell viability, apoptosis and mTOR expression level were detected using CCK-8, flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that the miR-520h serum level was up-regulated in the GDM patients’ serum and GDM cell model, and was positively correlated with FBG of GDM patients. High glucose (HG) inhibited HTR-8/SVNEO cell viability and decreased mTOR expression, while it promoted apoptosis. Then, the effects of HG on HTR-8/SVNEO cells were reversed by miR-520h inhibitor. Moreover, mTOR was identified as a target gene downstream of miR-520h. The overexpression of mTOR alleviated miR-520h mimic-induced reduction in cell viability and enhancement in cell apoptosis in the GDM cell model. In conclusion, miR-520h could inhibit cell viability and promote cell apoptosis by regulating mTOR expression in the GDM cell model. Hence, miR-520h might be a potential and important marker for the diagnosis and treatment of GDM.
Tahlīliyah al-Nassiyyah ‘an al-Sabaki al-Nahwiyyi fī Sūrah al-Qasaṣ
Authors: Zahra Qurrota Aulia
Published: February 2021

The grammatical cohesion is very important in the discourse because it relates to the meaning that will be produced. Therefore, the researcher would like to explore the grammatical cohesion in surat al-Qashash, which becomes an essential element that binds the semantic structure of a discourse. The grammatical cohesion devices can take the forms of intangible reference, substitution, ellipsis and conjunction.The problems investigated in this study include: the types of grammatical cohesion devices and in surah al-Qasas. Second, the types of grammatical devices contained in surah al-Qasas. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with content analysis approach and focuses on the grammatical cohesion devices contained in surah al-Qasas.The study found four types of grammatical cohesion devices namely reference, substitution, ellipsis and conjunction in the form of dhomir, words, phrases or sentences as a reference between two sentences in pairs.
Al-Mar’ah fī Syi’ri al-Hubbi bila Hudūdi (al-Ẓawāhir al-Hirmulūjiyyati)
Authors: Roziki Khafid
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the meaning of the concept in the poem Al-Hubb Bilậ Hudậd by Nizar Qabbani. This study uses Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic analysis in interpreting symbols and meanings that are still veiled in the Al-Hubb Bilậ Hudṻd poem which consists of deciphering the hidden meaning behind the visible meaning, and at the level of meaning implicit in the literary meaning. Data analysis was carried out using various data collection techniques (triangulation), and carried out continuously. The analysis technique used in this research is to understand the meaning of poetry, identify the semantic meaning, describe the existential/ontological meaning, by decontructuring and reconstructing the text. The results of this study using Paul Ricoeur hermeneutics analysis there are two concepts, namely structural and phenomenal interpretation. In structural interpretation, women are metaphors of natural beauty metaphors, and men are loyal lovers. And in a phenomenal interpretation, a woman is a woman who has a smooth, gentle character, full of coolness and sincere affection of all time, so that she can grow a good generation. A man's love for women should never be interrupted and in fact must always give more to all roles and struggles of women in a family.
Dirasah Bunyawiyah Jenetikiyah fi al-Syi’ri “Shumtu Min Ajli Ghazah” Li Mahmud Darwis Inda Nadzariyah Lucien Goldman
Authors: Karim Muhdie , Firdaus Jauharotul
Published: February 2021

AbstractPoetry is a form of expression by a poet in describing a certain thing. It is the same with Sumtu poetry, which describes Palestine's longing for Gaza. This study aims to determine the form of the intrinsic and extrinsic elements in Mahmud Darwish's Sumtu Min Ajli Ghazah based on Goldman's perspective. This research is a descriptive qualitative study with a genetic structuralism approach. In collecting the data, the researcher applied reading and note-taking techniques. Then, they were analyzed based on the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that the concept of human facts were the problems of misery, oppression, and human violence in Palestine. The concept of a collective subject was a representation of two large conflicting groups consisting of the Israeli Society as superior and the Gazan people as inferior. This poem's world view is to reveal the author's partiality to the Palestinian people to face Israeli oppression. Besides, the concept of understanding - explanation describes societal factors and individual factors. The social factor was also the author's concern for the social situation around him caused by humanitarian problems that never end. Meanwhile, the individual factor that appeared in the poetry reflects the author's thoughts and feelings towards humanitarian problems that never stop in his country.