bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Oxidation Modification and Performance of Activated Carbon Electrode Material
Authors: Wang Ren Qing , Deng Mei Gen
Published: October 2011

Commercial activated carbon was modified by surface treatment using nitric acid, The modified carbons were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The resultant carbon electrode-based electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) were assembled with 1 mol/L (NH4)2SO4 as the electrolyte. The influence of introduced functional groups, such as hydroxyl and carbonyl, on the performance of EDLCs was studied by Constant current charge-discharge. These functional groups significantly improved the wettability of AC. As a result, the specific capacitance of the carbon modified with 40wt.%HNO3 achieved a specific capacitance of 223.45 F/g at a current density of 5mA/cm2, which is 100.9% higher than that of original AC.
High-Rate LiFePO4 Electrode Material Synthesized by Chemical Grinding Method
Authors: Wang Bao Feng , Lai Chun Yan , Zhu Xi Ping , Huang De Yong
Published: October 2011

A facile solid state method based chemical grinding method was applied to prepare high rate LiFePO4. SEM test results showed that the prepared LiFePO4 (CG-LiFePO4) is more fine and uniform than that of the crude LiFePO4 (C-LiFePO4) prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. Electrochemical measurement results indicated that CG-LiFePO4 exhibited much better high-rate characteristic than crude one which delivered a stable discharge capacity of 140 mAhg -1, 126 mAhg -1 at 0.5C rate and 2C rate respectively.
Effects of Vapor CdCl2 Treatment on the Properties of CdS Thin Films Prepared by R.F. Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Cai Liang Min , Huang Jian , Jiang Jia Wei , Le Jun , Shi Wei Min , Wang Lin Jun
Published: October 2011

CdS films were prepared by R.F. magnetron sputtering method. The effects of vapor CdCl2 treatment on the properties of CdS films were studied. The vapor CdCl2 thermal treatment at different temperature was employed in a CSS device, using CdCl2 powder as evaporant. The structural and optical properties of CdS films were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), PL spectra, and transmittance spectra, respectively. The results revealed that the CdS films had a structure of hexagonal wurtzite with a preferential orientation of the (002) plane. A better crystal quality and larger grain size, which are good for the solar cell application, were observed in the CdS samples annealed with CdCl2Subscript text.
Investigation on Optical Properties of Transparent ITO Thin Films
Authors: Li Xue Hua , Wang Dong Sheng , Du Jian Zhou
Published: October 2011

Based on the single-layer thin film theory, we calculated transmittance of ITO thin film. The reflectivity arrive a maximum or a minimum according to whether the refractive index of film is greater or smaller than the refractive index of the glass substrate. we obtain the same maximum of transparence which is above 95% and the minimum value which decrease to 76.5% with the increase of refractive index.
A Study on Structure and Electronic Properties of Single-Wall GaN Nanotubes
Authors: Shi Li Bin , Yuan Hong Kuan
Published: October 2011

Using the first principle method based on density functional theory (DFT), we have studied the stability, structure, and electronic properties in (2 2), (3, 3), (4 4), (5 5), (6 6) armchair and (4 0), (5 0), (6 0) zigzag GaN nanotubes (GaN-NTs). In addition, the radius of N, Ga atoms, buckling separations, band gap and binding energy of (3 3) and (4 0) GaN-NTs in c-axis strain are investigated. We also explore the modification of density of states due to the strain along c-axis orientation. It is found that the strain can change conductive properties of (3 3) and (4 0) GaN-NTs.
Current Distribution on the Electrode in 3-D Networks Lead-Acid Batteries
Authors: Liu Xu Dong , Bi Xiao Guo , Niu Wei
Published: October 2011

The current distribution on the grid and plate in lead-acid batteries was determined mathematically by using the equivalent circuit method. The grids used in lead-acid batteries are the general lead grids and the 3-D networks grids, respectively. The calculated current distribution on the grid and plate of three-dimension networks lead-acid battery is more uniform than that of general lead-acid battery. To make the current distribution nearly uniform, extended current tabs located between two plate electrodes were proposed, and a sandwich networks plate was formed.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Cathode Materials by a Carbonate Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Yu Zhi Yong , Cui Yun Jiang , Liu Han Xing
Published: October 2011

The layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 used as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries was synthesized from precursor Ni0.5Mn0.5CO3 prepared via a carbonate co-precipitation method. The precursor Ni0.5Mn0.5CO3 was synthesized by the addition of KHCO3 to an aqueous solution of Ni, Mn sulphates. The powder LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Spherical LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 with well development layered structure was obtained by the carbonate co-precipitation method. The LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 samples adopted the α-NaFeO2 structure with a space group R-3m. Galvanostatic charge-discharge behavior of the LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathodes delivered a initial charge and discharge capacity of 144.4 mAh/g and 140.2 mAh/g, respectively in the voltage range 2.5-4.5V at a discharge rate of 0.02A/g. The capacity showed no dramatic capacity fading during 50 cycles.
Improved Electrode Performance of LiFePO4 by Using Li3V2(PO4)3 as an Additive
Authors: Wang Li Zhen , Wang Kun , Zhang Yong , Gu Shu Hua , Zhang Kai Qing
Published: October 2011

A new simple electrode based on a blended cathode as a practicable method for industrial application was introduced to improve the capacities of LiFePO4 cathodes. Here, the effects of physical blending with a small amount of Li3V2(PO4)3 on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 were studied. The influence of blended ratios on the capacity of LiFePO4 was examined by galvanostatic charge and discharge test. The results showed that the discharge capacity of LiFePO4/Li3V2(PO4)3 was increased from 146 mAh/g to 156 mAh/g by adding 20 wt.% Li3V2(PO4)3 and the mixture cathode exhibited excellent capacity retention (93.4% after 12 cycles) compared with prismatic ones. Moreover, the rate performance of LiFePO4 was also improved greatly by adding Li3V2(PO4)3. The beneficial effects of adding Li3V2(PO4)3 were found to be related to an improvement of the rate performance of LiFePO4 cathode, which was ascribed to the better electron conductivity of Li3V2(PO4)3.
Preparation of Nanostructured Li4Ti5O12 by Hydrothermal Ion Exchange of Protonated Titanate
Authors: Zhao Yu Bao , Wu Feng Jiao , Chen Ri Xiong , Wu Zhao Feng , Qin Jun , Zhang Na
Published: October 2011

Spinel Li4Ti5O12 nanostructures were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of hydrogen titanate at 150 oC and further calcinated at 400~750 oC. Their physicochemical features were characterized by TG/DSC, XRD and TEM techniques. Results showed that the Li4Ti5O12 phase with its crystal size of tens of nanometers was likely produced by the reaction between Li2TiO3 and orthorhombic TiO2 upon thermal treatment, and such reaction would be exothermic.
Improvement of Oxidation Resistance of TiAl-Nb Alloy by Dipping in F-Containing Resin
Authors: Gil Aleksander , Żurek Zbigniew , Stawiarski Adam , Dąbek Jarosław
Published: October 2011

Surface treatment of TiAl alloys by the small amounts of halogens leads to the formation of the protective alumina scale. The halogens can be applied by ion techniques as well as by spraying or dipping with halogen-containing compounds. In this work the results of the oxidation in air of a Ti-47Al-6Nb alloy dipped in a fluorine-containing resin were presented. The thermal cycling runs were carried out in the temperature 900°C.
Problems and Solutions of Wind Energy Development and Utilization in Coral Reefs
Authors: Jiang Hai Bo , Zhao Yun Peng , Li Yan Ru
Published: October 2011

To develop and take advantage of wind energy resources in the South China Sea's coral reefs, the paper discussed the situation of local wind resources, typhoon, corrosion, geology, wind turbine transportation and installation problems. The analysis indicates that the South China Sea typhoon-prone, serious corrosion, bad geology will cause many difficulties to installation and use of wind turbines. Authors believe that, installing and using small wind turbine in the coral reefs is feasible, but the suitable measure of anti-typhoon, anti-corrosion, transportation, installation and maintenance must be accepted, which needs a great deal of budget support.
The Investigation of the Small Bionic Wind Turbine Based on the Seagull Airfoil
Authors: Gu Rui , Xu Jing Lei , Yang Yong Bo
Published: October 2011

With the requirement of renewable energy and sustainable development, green energy resources are more and more fashionable and focused. Among of them, small wind turbine is popular and with many customers because it has an unique feature. For the blades of the small wind turbine working under the conditions of Low-Reynolds, the air viscosity has relatively greater influence on its aerodynamic performance. This is one of the greatest difficulties to design a small wind turbine. This paper studied the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil under the Low-Reynolds and designed a blade based on the airfoil of the seagull. The CFD computational result and the analysis show that the airfoil of the seagull is suitable for the special work circumstances of the small wind turbine, and it can be used for the further design of the blades. The results may provide technical reference for the wind turbine deign.
Experimental Study on Simultaneous Desulfurization and Denitrification over Activated Carbon Carried Catalyst under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Ma Shuang Chen , Liu Wei , Jin Xin , Jin Yi Jing
Published: October 2011

The influences of different catalysts added to the activated carbon were studied for reducing energy consumption and enhancing reaction selectivity while microwave irradiate activated carbon for removal of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. It was found that the addition of catalyst can lower the power of microwave needed for the same sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides removal efficiency to a large extent; moreover, different catalysts introduced would cause different effects, in which the zincous catalyst and manganese catalyst had more apparent catalytic effects, about 95% removal efficiency could be achieved under microwave power 420W. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was adopted to have a study of the microstructure of the activated carbon, and it is shown that some catalyst components do exist on the surface of the activated carbon
Combined Forecasting for Short-Term Output Power of Wind Farm
Authors: Wang Xiao Lan , Chen Qian Cheng
Published: October 2011

Wind power forecast is of great significance for power grid operation and scheduling. The effection of historical time series of output power and weather factors to wind power are considered in this paper. By use of BP neural network, an iterative forecasting model about output power time series is built. An Elman neural network forecasting model is established between numerical weather prediction data and output power. Then combining the above two forecasting models using covariance optimal combination method, a combined forecasting model for wind power is achieved so as to use all effective information of different data. The simulation experiment shows that the prediction accuracy has been improved by the combination forecast.
Assessing the Soil Fertility Using Landsat TM Imagery and Geospatial Statistical Analysis
Authors: Zhao Jin Ling , Wang Da Cheng , Zhang Dong Yan , Luo Ju Hua , Huang Wen Jiang
Published: October 2011

This paper aims to investigate the soil fertility of Shunyi District’s cropland combing remote sensing and ground census data based on the Geostatistical Analyst of ArcGIS. Firstly, Landsat TM image was used to identify the spatial distribution and estimate the cropland plot area using support vector machine (SVM) classification method, and the overall classification is 91.5 % by 435 field survey points. Then, the survey indicators were added to ArcGIS such as organic matter, available P, available K, total N, soil pH, etc. After exploring the sample data for each indicator, trend surfaces were generated using the optimum prediction models after cross validation. Finally, according to the identified cropland plots, the soil quality index (SQI) was derived to map the soil fertility of the study area. The result shows that the southwestern part and northeastern corner of this district were found to be high in soil pH, which lies in between 8.2 and 8.6. Additionally, wide variability of organic matter, total N, available P and K were noted which can be due to the extent of cultivation in these areas while the change in fertility level could be due to anthropogenic influence. When considering the soil heavy metals, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn show almost the same distribution.
Simulation on Disturbance Characteristics of Marine Diesel Engine with Wing-Assisted System
Authors: Ren Hong Ying , Sun Pei Ting , Li Tong , Wu Gui Tao , Huang Lian Zhong
Published: October 2011

In order to research on the disturbance characteristics of marine diesel engine with wing-assisted system, mathematical models of ship, diesel engine, propeller and wing were established. Disturbance characteristics of marine diesel engine which using the wing-assisted system was simulated by matlab/simulink software. The output torque and speed curves of the marine diesel engine at different conditions were obtained, by inputting different wing thrust fluctuation signal. The results can provide some reference value to the wing-assisted technology in the application of ocean transport ships, and which has a certain dominating significance for dynamic coupling of diesel-wing ship.
Sustainable Tourism or Tourism Sustainability? The Case of Transportation Planning in Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Chao Chen Wei , Shyr Fong Yeu
Published: October 2011

The restriction of geographic characteristics resulted in difficulties relating to industry development. The development of tourism industry will be main trend for eastern Taiwan in the future. Evidence from studies suggested that the development of transportation infrastructures has significant positive consequences on tourism activities. However, the rapid growth of tourism industries consequently brings negative impacts on nature, societies, and cultures. The construction of Su- Hua Highway is always a controversial issue in Taiwan. Supporters of the construction indicated that the highway would bring Hualien economic prosperity, social stability, and employment; while opposition groups have questioned the necessity of the highway, claiming that highway construction goes against plans for sustainable development of the Taiwan east coast. Considering mass tourism as a reality of our contemporary life that cannot be neglected by current efforts to endorse sustainable tourism, this paper draws attention to the definition of "sustainable". Aiming to facilitate a constructive debate on the matter, the article presents a few of the most important arguments that underscore the potential for Hualen in promoting sustainable tourism.
Study of Urban Land Intensive Use Dynamic and Spatial Difference in Anhui Province
Authors: Su Hai Min , He Ai Xia , Fang Gang
Published: October 2011

This paper established the comprehensive evaluation system of urban land intensive use from land use investment and output benefit, land use intensity and land use ecological benefit etc. Based onthe statistical data of land use, using principal component analysis, this paper made comprehensive evaluation on the intensive land-use level of 17 cities in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2009 , analyzed the changing situation in space and time. The results showed: (1)The level of urban land intensive use of Anhui Province constantly improved from 2004 to 2009, increasing more than 2 times of the intensive land-use level; (2)the level of urban land intensive use had significant regional differences, the south of the Huaihe River cities having the higher level, and the north of the Huaihe River cities having the lower level; (3)economic development level is the most important external factor affecting the level of urban land intensive use. The level of urban land intensive use is higher in developed areas, such as Hefei , Ma Anshan and Wuhu than other areas.
A New Composite Electrocatalyst, TiO2/AC, for Oxygen Reduction in Zinc-Air Battery
Authors: Zhang Jian Min , Chen Wei Hua
Published: October 2011

A new composite electrocatalyst, well-dispersed TiO2/active carbon (AC), has been assessed with regard to its applicability for oxygen reduction in air electrodes. TiO2/AC powders were prepared by one-step vapor hydrolysis of TiCl4 with active carbon. The structure and composition of the powders were analyzed by means of XRD and FTIR, and the results showed that anatase titanium dioxide of particle size 16.5 nm was produced after calcination at 400 °C. The influences of the preparative parameters of the air electrode on its discharge performance were studied by polarization curve measurements. The terminal voltage of the air battery was maintained at above 1.05 V while the current density of the air electrodes reached 150 mA cm-2. These results show that the composite catalyst has high electrochemical activity for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Construction of a Yeast Cell-Surface Display System and Expression of Trametes sp. laccase
Authors: Lu Jian Zhang , Guo Qin , Cui Mei Lin , Yang Lu , Du Shan Shan , Ruan Hui , He Guo Qing
Published: October 2011

Laccases (1.10.3.2, p-diphenol: dioxygen oxidoreductases) is a family of blue copper-containing oxidases that are commonly found in bacteria, fungi and plants. It is able to oxidize and degrade a variety of aromatic compounds and other organic compounds. Due to this ability, laccases can serve environmental bioremediation processes and industrial purposes. Cell-surface display of enzymes is one of the most attractive applications in yeast. It is a effective utilization to construct the whole cell biocatalyst. The cDNA sequence of Trametes sp. C30 LAC3 was optimized and synthesized according to the codon bias of Saccharomyces Italic textcerevisiae, because codon optimization has been proved to be effective to maximize production of heterologous proteins in yeast. The genes encoding galactokinase (GAL1) promoter, α-mating factor 1 (MFα1) pre-pro secretion signal, fully codon-optimized LAC3, the 320 amino acids of C terminal of α-agglutinin, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) terminator and kanMX cassette were amplified and cloned into YEplac181 to construct a cell-surface display vector called pGMAAK-lac3 with α-agglutinin as an anchor. Then pGMAAK-lac3 was transformed into S. cerevisiae. The results show LAC3 was immobilized and actively expressed on S. cerevisiae. However, the substrate specifity and activity were obviously changed. The displayed LAC3 lost the activity to phenolic substrate (guaiacol) and its activity to non-phenolic substrate (ABTS) was greatly reduced. To our knowledge, this was the first attempt to construct and express laccase through cell-surface display technology.
CFD Simulation of Flow in Random Packing Columns with Seawater Desulfurization
Authors: Gao Mei Shan , Wang Shi He , Wang Xiao Ming , Guo Ming Chun
Published: October 2011

Based on the volume average method, gas-liquid two-phase flow CFD model is established to describe the random packing column in seawater desulfurization. The fluid velocity and porosity distribution were obtained by calculation. Based on the experimental research with three different filler, the dry and wet loss curves which describes gas flow with in each packed bed are obtained, calculations results of pressure loss and experimental results are well consistent. Analyzing the seawater velocity vector in packed columns and velocity profile of the section on the middle of the packed tower, a significant “wall flow” phenomena was found. There is an accumulation trend near the wall along the direction of the liquid flow, and the wall flow becomes much more serious. As can be seen from the chart that the porosity distribution on the radial direction near the wall is significantly higher than it is at the middle area, which is the reason for the formation of wall flow.
Activated Carbon Modified by Adhesion Promoter for Supercapacitor
Authors: He Tie Shi , Mu Wei Fang , Zhang Chun Jiao , Jin Zhen Xing , Cai Ke Di
Published: October 2011

In this study, we investigated a simple strategy by introducing a adhesion promoter into the electrode to improve decrease bonder content and the supercapacitor performance. The improved electrodes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical measurements. According to the results, the treated activated carbon electrode retains good adhesion strength with smaller bonder content. The electrode prepared using activated carbon treated with the adhesion promoter and a bonder mass content of 7.0 % shows the best electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance reaches 347.5 F•g-1, whereas the internal resistance is 0.94 Ω.
Study on the Variation of Fractal and Mutifractal Characteristics of Coal Particles in the Ultra-Fine Pulverizing Process
Authors: Yuan Quan , Ge Xiao Ling , Zhou Shao Ping , Deng Rong Gen
Published: October 2011

In respect to conventional particle size distribution, the fractal size dimension (FSD) has become a powerful tool for characterization of particles.In this paper, we applied both the single fractal law and the bi-fractal approaches to analyze the fractal and mutifractal characteristics of the Qingshuiying coal particles in the ultra-fine pulverizing process. The relationship between FSD and the ultra-fine pulverizing time was detected and had certain guidance meaning for optimizing the operational parameters and reducing energy consumption of the ultra-fine pulverization.
Electrochemical Properties of Li-Riched Li[Li0.2Co0.4Mn 0.4]O2 Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Zhe , Zhu Kai , Wang Yu Hui , Li Gang , Chen Gang , Chen Hong , Wei Ying Jin , Wang Chun Zhong
Published: October 2011

The Li[Li0.2Co0.4Mn0.4]O2 cathode material was prepared by a sol-gel method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopic showed that the material was a solid solution of LiCoO2 and Li2MnO3. The material showed a reversible discharge capacity of 155.6 mAhg−1 in the voltage window of 2.0-4.3 V after percharge to 4.6 V. While the material cycled in the same voltage window without precharge could only deliver capacity of 77.6 mAhg−1. This high capacity was attributed to the loss of oxygen and structural rearrangement in the precharge process.
Low-Temperature Performance of the Li[Li0.2Co0.4Mn0.4]O2 Cathode Material Studied for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yu Hui , Li Zhe , Zhu Kai , Li Gang , Wei Ying Jin , Chen Gang , Wang Chun Zhong
Published: October 2011

The Li[Li0.2Co0.4Mn0.4]O2 cathode material was prepared by a sol-gel method. Combinative X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that the material was a solid solution of LiCoO2 and Li2MnO3. The material showed a reversible discharge capacity of 155.0 mAhg−1 at -20 °C, which is smaller than that at room temperature (245.5 mAhg−1). However, the sample exhibited capacity retention of 96.3 % at -20 °C, only 74.2 % at 25 °C. The good electrochemical cycle performance at low temperature was due to the inexistence of Mn3+ in the material.
A Study on Optical and Electrical Properties of Solar Cells of a-Si1-XGeX:H
Authors: Li Ming Biao , Shi Li Bin
Published: October 2011

The AMPS-ID program is used to investigate optical and electrical properties of the solar cell of a-SiC:H/a-Si1-xGex:H/a-Si:H thin films. The short circuit current density, open circuit voltage, fill factor and conversion efficiency of the solar cell are investigated. For x=0.1, the conversion efficiency of the solar cell achieve maximum 9.19 % at the a-Si1-xGex:H thickness of 340 nm.
Study of Catalytic Reduction of Formic Acid to Methanol under Mild Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Zeng Xu , Jin Fang Ming , Yao Han Song , Cheng Min
Published: October 2011

In this paper, catalytic reduction of formic acid to methanol with different catalyst under mild hydrothermal conditions was investigated. Formic acid was successfully converted into methanol using Al as reductant and Cu as a catalyst under mild hydrothermal conditions. The selectivity of conversion from formic acid to methanol was found to be as high as 30% at 300 °C for 9 h with formic acid 60 g∙L-1, filling rate 35% and 4.35 mmol Al and 12 mmol Cu. The addition of Al2O3 was favorable for the synthesis of methanol. Comparing the yield of methanol with the same reaction condition for 3 h without the addition of Al2O3, the yield of methanol can be increased by near 100 per cent under the same condition with Al2O3 3 mmol. This process may provide a promising solution to provide methanol as fuel for transportation and mobile devices.
Dimethyl Ether Conversion to Olefins over the SAPO-34/ZrO2 Catalysts: Effect of the ZrO2 Supporter
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Lee Su Gyung , Yoo Byoung Kwan , Je Han Sol , Park Chu Sik
Published: October 2011

A SAPO-34 catalyst is well known to be one of the best catalysts for DME to olefins (DTO) reaction. Main products of the reaction were light olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butenes. However, the main problem is rapid deactivation of the SAPO-34 catalyst due to coke deposition during DTO reaction. In this study, various SAPO-34/ZrO2 catalysts added with ZrO2 were prepared for improving the lifetime and their physicochemical properties have been characterized by XRD and SEM. The DTO reaction over various SAPO-34/ZrO2 catalysts was carried out using a fixed bed reactor. All SAPO-34/ZrO2 catalysts showed similar activity and selectivity in the DTO reaction. The SAPO-34(9wt%)/ZrO2 catalyst was showed the best performance for the catalyst lifetime.
Study of Cu-Fe-Co-M/SiO2 (M = Unpromoted, Li, Na, K and Cs) Catalysts for Mixed Alcohols Synthesis from CO Hydrogenation
Authors: Guo Hai Jun , Xiong Lian , Luo Cai Rong , Li Jie , Ding Fei , Chen Xin De , Chen Yong
Published: October 2011

A series of Cu-Fe-Co based catalysts prepared by co-impregnation method using different alkali additives was characterized by BET, XRD and FESEM-EDX and investigated under MAS from CO hydrogenation. The results showed that the catalyst Cu25Fe22Co3-Na3/SiO2 has the highest catalytic activity and selectivity of total alcohol and C5+OH. XRD and FESEM-EDX demonstrated the Na3 catalyst exhibited homogeneous distribution of elements and effective synergy effect between Cu and Fe components, thereby performed good catalytic performances for MAS from CO hydrogenation. The presence of a suitable content of alkali promoter was necessary for mixed alcohols synthesis from syngas.
Hydrocracking of AATO on Ni/USY and Ni-Co/ USY Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Yu Zhao Xiang , Li Shi Zhen , Wu Qian , Chen Meng Zhi , Zhu Zhi Rong
Published: October 2011

A series of Ni and Ni-Co were maintained on a mixed support of USY (ultrastable Y) zeolite and active aluminum oxide. The catalysts were characterized by means of element analysis, BET and XRD. The characterization results suggested that the active metal components were introduced without changing the microstructure. Then catalytic hydrocracking activity was studied using AATO (distillate of coal tar) in a tubular reactor. AATO conversion was 39.40% and 41.37% using the 10%Ni/USY catalyst and 10%Ni-6%Co/USY catalyst, the hightest total selectivity of benzene and xylol was 67.1% in 10%Ni-10%Co/USY catalyst than others under the reaction conditions studied [T=480°C, P=4.5MPa, LHSV=3.0h-1].
Comparison Research between SMA with Activated Mineral Binder Stabilizer (AMBS) and SMA with Lignin Fiber
Authors: Wu Chun Ying , Li Ai Fang , Zhao Zhe
Published: October 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of SMA mixtures with AMBS (Activated Mineral Binder Stabilizer), a new type of bitumen stabilizer, comparing with SMA with fibers. In the paper, after a short introduction about the modification mechanism, general performances of these mixtures were researched through a series of laboratory tests. The results show that the performance of SMA with AMBS meets the requirement of criterion. It shows better results than SMA with fibers in Immersed Marshall test, Rutting test, Low temperature bending test and etc. Besides, with less consume of energy and less CO2 emission, the comparison of the environmental indicators shows a quantitative decline in the negative environmental economic cost per ton SMA mix, when using the activated-mineral binder-stabilizer as compared to the cellulose fibers. In a word, there are tremendous promotion value and good engineering application prospect in AMBS
Analysis of Vapor Evaporation Loss in Filling Gasoline into Tank
Authors: Huang Wei Qiu , Li Feng , Zhao Shu Hua , Zhong Jing
Published: October 2011

A pilot-scale experimental system of filling gasoline into a tank was built to investigate gasoline vapor-air mass transfer in the tank gas space and the vapor evaporation loss from the tank in different operating conditions. The results showed that the higher the location of filling pipe exit inside the tank, the quicker the speed of the filling gasoline, and the higher the initial vapor concentration in the tank gas space, then the more severe the vapor-air convective transport and the larger the gasoline evaporation loss rates.
Dithiocarbamate Derivative as an Efficient Inhibitor for Copper
Authors: Yue Zhong Wen , Liao Qiang Qiang , Yang Dong
Published: October 2011

The corrosion inhibition behaviors for the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate（APDTC） on the copper surface in HCl and NaCl solutions had been investigated by polarization curve, respectively. Prone to be adsorbed on the copper surface, the APDTC SAMs restrain both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction process. The results indicated that APDTC SAMs had good corrosion inhibition effects on copper in both HCl and NaCl solutions.
Parameters of Solvent Extraction for Bitumen Recovery from Oil Sands
Authors: He Lin , Li Xin Gang , Du Yong Liang , Wu Guo Zhong , Li Hong , Sui Hong
Published: October 2011

Solvent extraction was applied in the separation of oil sands and considered as a promising technology. Results in this study indicated that the factors such as the volume of solvent to mass of oil sand (v/m), solvent aromatic content (the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons in the solvent), and the polarity of the solvent significantly influenced the oil sands bitumen recovery. A value of v/m greater than 5 was proposed in the extraction. The bitumen recovery increased with the increase of the solvent aromatic content. In addition, an appropriate polarity of the solvent with the range from 1.5 to 3.0 was suggested in the solvent selection. Hence, results demonstrated that the solubility of the composite solvent of n-heptane and toluene was less than the sum of the single ones. This study provided useful guidance for the solvent selection in the subsequent works.
Research on Testing of Burning Lignite in 1000MW Ultra Supercritical Concurrent Boiler
Authors: Lv Tai , Liu Li Yuan , Lu Kun
Published: October 2011

Power plant’s NO.3 boiler in Suizhong is 1000MW ultra supercritical concurrent boiler. As a result of the increase in the price of coal at present, loss incurred in most of the power plants, the most effective medium to realize profit is burning lignite. This paper analyzed its economic indicators, and summarized its survey.
Research of Low Rank Bituminous Coal Heat Treating and Hydrogenation Upgrading
Authors: Liu Sheng Yu , Lu Hong Zhi
Published: October 2011

This paper developments the research of improving the plasticity of low rank bituminous coal. The purpose is to improve the caking property of low rank bituminous coal and expand coking coal resources. The hydrothermal treatment, co-pyrolysis adding waste plastic and hydrogenation processing are chosen to process low rank bituminous coal. Several means including FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, gas chromatographic(GC) and caking index are used to analyze the treated coal and generated gas products. The results show that the carboxyl groups of coal are removed after hydrothermal treatment, and the intensity of hydroxyl absorption increases. The oxygen-containing functional groups except hydroxyl groups of coal are removed after hydrogenation. The hydrogenation has obvious effects on the changes of coal structure. The reactivity and caking property of hydrotreated coal increases significantly, the indexes of coke quality of hydrotreated coal is measured to reach 16. The co-pyrolysis hydrogenation of plastic and coal results show that coal can prevent the thermal decomposition products of plastics from escaping. The caking index of hydrotreated coal with plastic is much same as that of hydrotreated coal. The addition of plastic in hydrogenation processing can not directly improve the coal plasticity.
The Principle, Review and Prospect of Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Gu Yu Jiong , Zhao Li Jun , Huang Jing Hua , Wang Bing Bing
Published: October 2011

Abstract: Being confronted with the severity of the energy and environment problems, the world attaches more and more importance to the potential of wave energy. Based on the necessity and feasibility of wave power development, the basic principles of wave energy converter are in this paper firstly. Then some kinds of WEC’s principle, merits and drawbacks, technology application are reviewed, such as OWC, raft, Tapchan, point absorber, Salter, pendulum. After that, wave energy developing conditions in some typical countries are recommended. After reviewing the features of various wave energy converters and WEC application examples in some countries, prospect and a few problems in wave energy utilizing are stated briefly.
Preliminary Study on Feasibility of Ethylene Production from Vegetable Oil by Steam Cracking
Authors: Ding Chuan Qin , Chen Sheng Li , Yang Chao He
Published: October 2011

To find new materials which could partly substitute traditional feedstocks for ethylene production, several vegetable oils and swill-cooked dirty oils are pyrolysed under steam-cracking conditions. The properties and product distributions of peanut oil, sesame oil and soybean oil are compared with naphtha. The results showed that vegetable oils can give olefin yields near to naphtha under milder cracking conditions, which prove a potential utilization route for renewable energy.
Simulation Research for the Back-Feeder in CFBs
Authors: Wang Xue Yao , Wang Jia Chang , Xu Xiang , Xiao Yun Han
Published: October 2011

The flow character of the back-feeder is important for the stable operation and continuous running of CFBs. In this paper, the numerical simulation research for the back-feeder is carried out. The solids concentration profiles in the standpipe and back-feeder are obtained. The influence of the aeration flow rate on the flow pattern and the flow stability is researched. Under the working conditions, the consistence of the flow character between the simulation and the experiment proved the practicability of the mathematic and physical models in this simulation.
Model for Heat Pipe Position Optimization of Transformers Cooled by Heat Pipes
Authors: Zhang Xi , Yang Jun Bao , Deng Min
Published: October 2011

In the view of heat pipe position optimization of transformers cooled by heat pipes, using the thermal equilibrium equation and the empirical formula of heat transfer coefficient of the evaporation and condensation section, applying Newton Iteration, computing the optimal condensation section area, the optimal computation of heat pipes’ position is implemented and the model of heat pipe position optimization of transformers cooled by heat pipes is set up.
The Effect of CO Pretreatment on Fe/ADM Catalyst for Higher Alcohols Synthesis from Syngas
Authors: Xiao Hai Cheng , Kong Fan Hua , Wang Gui Zhi , Wang Si Han , Wang Gang , Li De Bao , Li Wen Huai , Sun Yu Han
Published: October 2011

The catalyst of FeS modified K2CO3/MoS2 (ADM) (Fe/ADM) were prepared and tested for higher alcohols (C2+OH) synthesis (HAS) from synthesis gas(syngas, mixture of H2 and CO). The effects of CO pretreatment on Fe/ADM catalyst and the catalytic performance for HAS were investigated. The ability for C2+OH formation was enhanced and the hydrocarbon selectivity was lowered after CO pretreatment. The XPS spectra revealed that the iron carbide species appeared and the potassium enriched on the surface of CO pretreated Fe/ADM catalyst, which might be responsible for the high activity of higher alcohols and low hydrocarbons synthesis, respectively.
Design of the Thickness of Hot Corner Protection of LNG Storage Tank
Authors: Cheng Xu Dong , Zhu Xing Ji , Peng Wen Shan
Published: October 2011

Large LNG storage tanks as liquid natural gas cryogenic pressure vessels, the cold between the tanks and concrete wall is very important. In some special cases, ultra-low temperature liquefied natural gas will enter the second vessel, then the wall will produce thermal stress, at this time the main factor to control the temperature difference between inside and outside the wall is the hot corner protection. This paper introduces the general international structure of tank insulation, and then through the theoretical derivation, gives the insulating layer, hot corner protection and formula for calculating temperature distribution of exterior wall. On this basis, gives the formula for calculating the external thermal stress and thermal protection angle is given control of the thickness of the design equation. Finally, using ADINA finite element software to establish insulation and the wall temperature field model and calculate the heat - wall structure coupled thermal stress, and through the analysis of a project example to verify the correctness of the formula. The results show that in the leakage state, temperature stress of external wall is large, indicating that it is significant to design the thickness of hot corner protection.
Numerical Study on the Effect of Dislocation Relationship on Resistance Characters of the Ceramic Oxidation Bed Based on Fluent Software
Authors: Liu Yong Qi , Chen Xiang Chun
Published: October 2011

As ceramic oxidation bed has high heat transfer efficiency, now, great attention has been given on it. In the oxidation bed, between the honeycomb holes of the fore-and-aft blocks of ceramic honeycombs, there are dislocation relationships. The effect of dislocation relationship on the pressure drop of the oxidation bed was numerically simulated by Fluent software. The results show that, between the two blocks of closely adjacent ceramic honeycombs, when a gap distance of 1mm was left, compared to the situation the gap distance is 0, the overall resistance loss of the oxidation bed reduced vast.
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Implications for the Nuclear Power Development in China
Authors: Jiang Zi Ying
Published: October 2011

The Fukushima nuclear accident is prompting countries around the world to reassess the safety of nuclear power plant and their nuclear development aspirations. The course of Fukushima nuclear accident, the accident status to date are summarized, the global support for nuclear energy after Fukushima are stated, and the nuclear power development in China, China responses to Fukushima accident are analyzed. Nuclear energy plays an important role as means to adjust the energy structure, to avoid environmental pollution, and to address climate change in China, while the development speed of nuclear power should be reasonable and appropriate. Drawing lessons from Fukushima crisis, China insists on the safety-first principle in nuclear power development, hence China should be cautions in NPP sites selection, reviews its nuclear power development speed, lifts the safety standards, and improve the nuclear emergency response capabilities.
Review on Renewable Energy Potential in Australian Subtropical Region (Central and North Queensland)
Authors: Baniyounes Ali , Liu Gang , Rasul Mohammad , Khan Masud M. K.
Published: October 2011

In Australia the future demand for energy is predicted to increase rapidly. Conventional energy resources soaring prices and environmental impact have increased the interest in renewable energy technology. As a result of that the Australian government is promoting renewable energy; such as wind, geothermal, solar and hydropower. These types of energy are believed to be cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Renewable energy availability is controlled by climatic conditions such as solar radiation, wind speed and temperature. This paper aims to assess the potential of renewable energy resources, in particular wind and solar energy in an Australian subtropical region (Central and North Queensland) namely, Gladstone, Emerald, Rockhampton, Yeppoon, Townsville, and Cairns. Analysis is done by using the latest statistical state of Queensland energy information, along with measured data history of wind speed, solar irradiations, air temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure for those sites. This study has also shown that national assessments of solar and wind energy potential can be improved by improving local climatic data assessments using spatial databases of Central and North Queensland areas.
Simulating the Impacts of Land Use/Cover Change on Storm-Runoff for a Mesoscale Watershed in East China
Authors: Jia Hong Jun , Wan Rong Rong
Published: October 2011

This study aims to explore the impacts of Land use/cover change (LUCC) on storm-runoff by simulating two typical flood events for five land cover scenarios in a mesoscale watershed in east China by distributed hydrologic modeling system HEC-HMS. It was concluded from the modeled hydrographs that built-up land will reduce the basin’s ability of smoothing flood wave by changing flood peak remarkably, while forestation will mitigate and postpone flood peak. The statistic analysis of the key flood parameters, runoff coefficient and peak discharge, produced by five different land covers exhibited highly quantitative relationships, from which we may estimate the runoff changes due to land use/cover changes under 5-year return period typhoon rain or Plum rain. The study provides some information on the influences of LUCC on storm-runoff by modeling approach and it will contribute to flood control and management in Tai Lake Basin in east China.
The Cause and Governance for Red Mud Crack
Authors: Hu Zun Jie , Ming Li , Li Ji Yao , Hou Xing Yu , Sun Ming Guang
Published: October 2011

This systematic study of the red mud dam and the formation of cracks in the mechanism, and summarize a variety of cracks in the dam prevention and treatment methods. According to the second red mud dam cracks In shandong aluminum company,the detailed analysis of its causes, and take the excavation backfilling, grouting and other measures to crack effect is obvious in time, eliminating the risks of dam, the dam will be more stable, have run more secure.
Study on the Accessibility Analysis Method of Loop-Pipe-Network with Multi-Gas-Source
Authors: Xu Wen Zhong , Cheng Yan Hua , Zhang Wan Zheng
Published: October 2011

This paper carries the study on the accessibility analysis method of loop-pipe-network with multi-gas-source. For the unreasonableness of conventional designing method of loop-pipe-network with multi-gas-source, the accessibility analysis mathematical model is established with relevant theory of graph theory, hydromechanics and linear algebra, and the solution method of the mathematical model of accessibility analysis is set. The accessibility analysis method could achieve the reliability and economy of network.
Hydrothermal Conversion of Glucose into Lactic Acid with Nickel as a Catalyst
Authors: Yousif Adama , Zeng Xu , Jin Fang Ming , Fang Yan
Published: October 2011

In this paper, an efficient method for producing lactic acid from glucose with nickel as a catalyst under hydrothermal conditions has been developed. The addition of nickel can improve the lactic acid yield efficiently under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. The highest lactic acid yield of 35% was obtained under the optimum conditions, i.e., reaction temperature 300 °C, reaction time 60 s, 0.5 mmol nickel and 2.5 M NaOH.
Recent Development of Passive Dynamic Walking
Authors: Zhang Pei Jie , Song Kei Fei
Published: October 2011

The focus of this paper is a review on the recent development of passive dynamic walking. Passive dynamic walkers are introduced, from the simple rimless wheel to the recently developed real two legged machines. Control strategies necessary to improve the stability and robustness of locomotion of passive dynamic walkers, such as the hybrid geometric approach and the virtual constraints, are discussed briefly. Finally, the unresolved problems in the field of passive dynamic walking are summarized and directions of further developments are discussed.
Study and Application of Electrolytic Water on Vegetables’ Preservation
Authors: Hsu Jen Jung , Wu Ming Chang
Published: October 2011

Sodium chloride was used as main component for production of electrolytic water in this study. Washing treatment by using the electrolytic water was the major processing and its high oxidant ability or bactericidal ability would inhibit and kill the microorganism, in hope to extend the preservation period. The scallion (Allium fistulosum L.) at Sunshin area in Yilan County of Taiwan and water convolvulus (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) was selected in this study because the volatility of their price was easily influenced by typhoons and festivals. The experimental results indicated that the optimal preservation conditions for scallions were washed with 40 ppm electrolytic water (as ClO2 at 5°C) for 3 minutes and stored in the sealed polyethylene (PE) bags without ethylene absorbent at 5°C and the shelf life was able to reach to 3 weeks and very low yellowing or decaying index were performed. The optimal preservation conditions for water convolvulus were that 30 ppm electrolytic water (as ClO2 at 5°C) with ultrasonic spray washing for 5 minutes and stored in the PE bags without ethylene absorbent at 10°C and the shelf life was also able to reach to 21 days and kept visual quality.
Discussion on the Mode of Electric Vehicle Power Supply Infrastructures Construction and Operation in China
Authors: Chen Liang Liang , Wu Ming , Zhang Hao , Ding Xiao Hua , Zhu Jin Da
Published: October 2011

The energy supply infrastructures construction is the prerequisite and basis for the large-scale promotion and application of electric vehicles (EVs). The characteristics and current construction situation of several EV power supply infrastructures in China such as AC charging spot, charging station and battery swap station are introduced first, and the characteristics of time combination mode and space combination mode for the construction of EV charging facilities are also discussed. Meanwhile, the features of operation mode for EV power supply infrastructures in different developing stage of are analyzed, and the main bodies for EV power supply infrastructures construction are also introduced.
Economy and Emissions Characteristics of Emulsified Diesel Fuels from Diesel Engine
Authors: Liu Jun , Chen Zhen Bin , Xiao Ming Wei , Jiang Sheng Jun
Published: October 2011

To meet demands for improvements in the CO,NOx and smoke intensity and fuel economy from diesel engine,the emulsified diesel fuel are choose as alternative fuel .It is prepared through selecting appropriate compound-surfactants on the basis of the HLB (hydrophilic and lipop- hilic balance) value.Comparative experiments between the emulsified fuels and diesel are undertook based on engine bench test in the model 295A diesel engine without any modification. The results indicate that smoke intensity and NOx emissions are reduced greatly when using the emulsified fuels ,especially for those with glucose Solution.Besides,The fuel consumption of the emulsified fuels s are less than that of pure diesel and the economy characteristic from diesel engine is better.