bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Water Treatment using Sustainable nanomaterial- based Adsorbents
Authors: Bhalla Lalit , Saxena Archana , Sharma Pratibha , Gupta Tannmay , Krishna Pvvssr , Vyas Anjali
Published: July 2024

This research examines the effectiveness of nanomaterial-based adsorbents in improving water treatment. It specifically looks at their ability to adsorb contaminants, their efficiency in removing pollutants, the speed at which they work, and their ability to be regenerated. Four distinct nanomaterials, labeled as Nanomaterials A, B, C, and D, were produced and analyzed to assess their effectiveness in eliminating contaminants from liquid solutions. The results showed that Nanomaterial D displayed the maximum adsorption capacity, measuring 142 mg/g, which indicates its exceptional capability to adsorb contaminants. In addition, Nanomaterial C had the best removal efficiency of 97.5%, highlighting its efficacy in decreasing pollutant concentrations in water. The analysis of kinetic characteristics revealed that Nanomaterial C had the greatest pseudo-second-order rate constant, indicating fast adsorption kinetics and robust surface contacts. In addition, Nanomaterial C had the greatest regeneration efficiency of 85%, suggesting its suitability for sustainable water treatment purposes. The results emphasize the impressive effectiveness of adsorbents made from nanomaterials in tackling water quality issues and advancing environmental sustainability. Nanomaterial-based adsorbents may have a significant impact on securing clean and secure water supplies for current and future generations by improving synthesis processes, comprehending adsorption mechanisms, and evaluating regeneration features. Additional study is required to investigate other parameters that affect the performance of adsorbents and to assess their long-term stability and cost- effectiveness for practical use in water treatment systems.
Agency or reselling: optimal return policy in E-commerce retail systems under cap-and-trade regulation
Authors: Wu Jie , Wang Wei , Li Mingjun , Ji Xiang
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the government has issued regulations on environmental protection, carbon emissions, and trading. Enterprises’ environmental awareness has increased, and the operational strategies of manufacturers and platforms have also been affected by environmental regulations. This study considers the interactive effects of agency and reselling contracts between manufacturers and platforms and the cap-and-trade regulation on return policy. Our findings reveal that government-imposed caps on total carbon emissions consistently influence optimal pricing and profits under cap-and-trade regulation, regardless of the presence of a return policy. Additionally, the emission intensity of manufacturers plays a pivotal role in determining the return policy. High manufacturer emission intensity leads decision-makers to provide return services only under specific conditions. Moreover, manufacturers opt for agency contracts when faced with low commission rates, and this threshold is intricately linked to carbon emission intensity, the cap, and the return rate. The government’s ability to adjust the cap enables control over changes in manufacturers’ profits and output, thereby influencing industrial structure and carbon emissions. Manufacturers strategically choose return policies, considering factors such as carbon intensity, return rate, and commission rate. Remarkably, even under cap-and-trade regulations, manufacturers remain inclined to offer returns under optimal conditions.
Blockchain technology and mitigating bullwhip effect in supply chains with uncertain markets: a horizontal layer product distribution strategy
Authors: Delgoshaei Aidin , Anuar Ariffin Mohd Khairol
Published: July 2024

Product distribution in supply chain management has been hotly debated during the last decade. However, during COVID-19, many supply chains suffered from sudden changes in local market demands. Such changes cause a bullwhip effect throughout a supply chain, making it unable to respond rapidly. This research develops a new model for distributing products in the food chain using real urban and geographical data of blockchain technology. The aim is to re-adjust the product distribution plans by using a horizontal layer product distribution readjustment strategy while local markets confront sudden market changes. To address the problem, a heuristic was proposed and coded by Python based on the largest density-distance rule. Then, to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the schedules are assessed with some metrics gathered in the literature. For this purpose, a Full Factorial design of experiments is generated by Python. Moreover, the outcomes are compared with those gained from short-traveling time and greedy loading-based heuristics. The results showed that using the horizontal layer product distribution readjustment strategy for modifying the initial schedules could prevent lost sales in all studied cases. Besides, by responding to sudden market demand changes rapidly, which subsequently prevents lost sales, more profits were gained in 58.3% of the studied cases. In addition, in 61.11% of studied cases, the proposed method was faster than other studied heuristics in terms of computational time.
HIF Stabilizer Desidustat Protects against Complement-Mediated
Diseases
Authors: Patel Vishal J. , Joharapurkar Amit A. , Kshirsagar Samadhan G. , Patel Maulik S. , Savsani Hardikkumar H. , Dodiya Harshad S. , Rakhasiya Milan H. , Patel Ashvin K. , Sundar Rajesh , Jain Mukul R.
Published: July 2024

Complement cascade is a defence mechanism useful for eliminating pathogenic
microorganisms and damaged cells. However, activation of alternative complement
system can also cause inflammation and promote kidney and retinal disease
progression. Inflammation causes tissue hypoxia, which induces hypoxia-inducible
factor (HIF) and HIF helps the body to adapt to inflammation. In this study, we
investigated the effect of HIF stabilizer desidustat in complement-mediated
diseases. Oral administration of desidustat (15 mg/kg) was effective to reduce
the kidney injury in mice that was induced by either lipopolysaccharide (LPS),
doxorubicin or bovine serum albumin (BSA)-overload. Complement
activation-induced membrane attack complex (MAC) formation and factor B activity
were also reduced by desidustat treatment. In addition, desidustat was effective
against membranous nephropathy caused by cationic BSA and retinal degeneration
induced by sodium iodate in mice. C3-deposition, proteinuria, malondialdehyde,
and interleukin-1ß were decreased and superoxide dismutase was increased by
desidustat treatment in cBSA-induced membranous nephropathy. Desidustat
specifically inhibited alternative complement system, without affecting the
lectin-, or classical complement pathway. This effect appears to be mediated by
inhibition of factor B. These data demonstrate the potential therapeutic value
of HIF stabilization by desidustat in treatment of complement-mediated
diseases.
Pilot Program in Surgical Anatomy Education for Complex Cranial and Skull Base Procedures: Curriculum Overview and Initial 2-Year Experience at Mayo Clinic
Authors: Capp Juliana C. , Bauman Megan M.J. , Graffeo Christopher S. , Carlstrom Lucas P. , Perry Avital , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D. , Gompel Jamie J. Van , Daniels David J. , Link Michael J. , Leonel Luciano C.P.C. , Peris-Celda Maria
Published: July 2024

Background Cadaveric dissection remains a preferred and irreplaceable learning modality among neurosurgery residents. We aimed to develop and describe a tiered, quantifiable, and practical curriculum for cranial neurosurgical anatomy education. We report the structure and evaluation of our 2-year pilot study to serve as a suggested guide for other neurosurgery programs.

Methods Our Complex Cranial Dissection Program is tailored to the needs of junior-level neurosurgery residents based on their postgraduation years 1 to 4. Dissections are performed in a sequential manner, each of which emphasize a particular set of manual skills and neuroanatomical knowledge. Dissections are scored on a scale of 10 points. The grading was based on specific landmarks and anatomical structures, which need to be exposed, explored, and preserved.

Results Out of 16 residents, 14 individuals (87.5%) attended the dissections in the first iteration of the program and 16 individuals (100%) attended the dissections in the second iteration. A total of 17 dissections were performed across all years. In survey feedback about the program, 100% (Year 1) and 94% (Year 2) of residents considered the assigned dissections to be appropriate for their respective training levels. Further, 100% (Year 1) and 94% (Year 2) of residents endorsed that the dissections were important and helpful for their practice prior to similar operating room experiences.

Conclusion The development and implementation of structured dissection programs within residency training, along with dedicated staff, and objective feedback serve a crucial role in neurosurgical education to further develop and enhance surgical skills in the operative setting.
Paving a Way for “TB Mukt Bharat”: A Snapshot of India's TB Elimination Program
Authors: Rajoria Charu , Maula Md. Tariq , Vyas Surabhi , Ray Animesh , Nischal Neeraj
Published: July 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in countries like India, where it is a leading cause of mortality. This article provides an overview of India's efforts to combat TB through its national TB programs, tracing their evolution from the National TB Program in 1962 to the current National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) launched in 2020. The NTEP aims to eliminate TB by ensuring universal access to high-quality diagnosis and treatment services. The program emphasizes prevention, detection, treatment, and capacity building, aligning with global initiatives like the World Health Organization's End TB Strategy. Key components of the NTEP include free diagnostic services, treatment regimens for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB, and TB preventive therapy. The program also includes robust patient support systems, such as incentive schemes and transport support, to improve treatment outcomes. Through these comprehensive strategies, India seeks to achieve its goal of a TB-free nation by 2025, aligning with global Sustainable Development Goals.
Correlation of Comorbidities and Variability of Tics in Children with Chronic Tic Disorder
Authors: Jensen Ida , Debes Nanette Marinette Monique Mol
Published: July 2024

Objective Chronic tic disorder (CTD) is characterized by the presence of motor and/or phonic tics, and is often accompanied by comorbidities, where obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the most predominant. The aim of this study was to investigate a correlation between comorbidities and variability of tics in children with CTD.

Method A cross-sectional study was completed on a clinical cohort recruited from the Danish National Tourette Clinic at Herlev Hospital. The cohort consisted of 167 children who were examined by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Data regarding comorbidity were collected on 152 of these patients by using validated diagnostic instruments, and the patients were divided into four subgroups: CTD-only, CTD + ADHD, CTD + OCD, and CTD + ADHD + OCD.

Results The comorbidity subgroups had significantly higher severity, impairment, and Total Tic Scores compared to the CTD-only group (p-value ≤ 0.001, 0.001, 0.003, respectively). The assessment of the association between variability of tics and comorbidities showed a significantly higher Simple Phonic Tic Score in the CTD + OCD group compared to the CTD-only group (p-value = 0.003).

Conclusion This study showed significantly higher Simple Phonic Tic Scores in the CTD + OCD group compared to the CTD-only group, which suggests that awareness of the variability of tics in patients with CTD and comorbidities is important.

Total Tic Scores, severity of tics, and impairment were significantly higher in the comorbidity subgroups compared to the CTD-only group, which support findings from previous studies.
Clinical Outcome and Predictors of Traumatic Cervical Injury: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Jaiswal Suresh Kumar , Ojha Bal Krishna , Jaiswal Somil , Bajaj Ankur
Published: July 2024

Introduction Traumatic cervical spine injuries (CSIs) have an incidence of 1.7 to 8% among traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and should be a pivotal part of its neurological examination. Prognosis of cervical spine insult in TBI depends on several epidemiological and clinical factors which need to be considered during the management of these injuries. This study aims to analyze the outcomes of patients with CSI and its associated predictors.

Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted among 63 patients of traumatic CSI admitted at a tertiary care center of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. All patients underwent a clinical assessment using the American Spinal Injury Association, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Barthel Index scoring and grading at admission, 1, and 4 months, respectively. All patients at the facility underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Midsagittal T1- and T2-weighted sequences were used to measure the degree of spinal cord injury (SCI) impairment. Patients were followed for outcome assessment.

Results There was a significant difference in the median values of Barthel Index and mean values of FIM preoperatively and at 4 months' follow-up. There was a significant improvement in the neurological outcome of the patients after admission, at 1, and 4 months' follow-up. Out of the 30 patients who had improvement in the neurological outcome, majority (26) had edema present in less than equal to 2 segments and this was statistically significant. The overall FIM score was significantly higher among those with ≤ 2 segment edema as compared with those with > 2 segments.

Conclusion The study concludes that incomplete injury, edema on MRI imaging less than equal to 2 segments, and no listhesis are predictors of neurological and functional improvement in patients with traumatic cervical spinal injuries.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Tale of an Illicit Affair—Case Report and Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Harsh Viraat , Alda Hemant , Besra Saurav K. , Roy Ujjawal , Kumar Anil
Published: July 2024

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a common entity in neurology clinics. A variety of etiologies have been implicated in the presentation of GBS. Although rarely reported, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has also been reported to cause GBS. In this article, we report a similar case of GBS that occurred following TBI and the patient presented with acute flaccid paraparesis with intact strength in upper limbs. Paraparesis progressed to quadriparesis simulating a case of spinal injury, without any correlating imaging findings. Nerve conduction study findings, cerebrospinal fluid studies, and clinical examination led to the diagnosis of post-TBI GBS. A review of similar cases reported in literature is also attached. High index of suspicion should be maintained for GBS in all cases of imaging-negative post-TBI limb weakness which may simulate acute spinal injury.
Sixteen-Frame Gated Myocardial Perfusion SPECT as a Surrogate for Equilibrium Radionuclide Angiography in Measurement of Systolic and Diastolic Indices: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hosseinnezhad Ariani Toktam , Ghodsirad Mohammadali , Hosseinnejad Ariani Faezeh , Poorzand Hoorak , Sadeghi Ramin , Dabbagh Kakhki Vahid Reza
Published: July 2024

Introduction Equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA) has long been assumed as the preferred method to assess cardiac volumes as well as left ventricular systolic and diastolic indices. ERNA was used to diagnose subtle changes in cardiac function during chemotherapy or early stages of heart failure. Gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (GMPS) was introduced as a more feasible and versatile alternative to ERNA, but the precision of GMPS to assess systolic and diastolic indices has not yet been fully reviewed.

Method We studied the left ventricular systolic and diastolic functional indices measured by a 16-frame GMPS and compared the results with those of ERNA in 25 patients. All the images were analyzed visually, semi-quantitatively, and quantitatively using quantitative gated SPECT (QGS), quantitative blood pool SPECT (QBS), and planar gated blood pool (PGBP) software. The left ventricular functional indices calculated using QGS compared with those obtained using QBS and PGBP

Result Our study found a significant correlation between the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) calculated using the PGBP, QGS, and QBS methods. There was a significant correlation between the LV peak ejection rate (LVPER) calculated by the PGBP and QGS analyses, and there was no significant difference in the LVPER calculated with the QGS and QBS methods. This study also revealed a significant correlation between the LV peak filling rate (LVPFR) calculated by QBS and QGS, with no significant difference between them. We also found a significant correlation between LV end systolic volume (LVESV) calculated using QGS and QBS and between LV end diastolic volume (LVEDV) calculated using QGS and QBS software. This study also revealed a significant correlation between the LV mean filling rate over the first third of diastole (LVMFR/3) calculated using the QGS and QBS software.

Conclusion Considering the significant correlation between LVEF, LVPER, LVPFR, LVESV, LVMFR/3, and LVEDV calculated using the QGS and QBS methods in our study, the 16-frame GMPS could be regarded as an acceptable substitute for ERNA in the investigation of systolic and diastolic indices.
Consumer acceptance of robotic surgeons in health services
Authors: Souto-Romero Mar , Pelegrín-Borondo Jorge , Arias-Oliva Mario , Almahameed Ala Ali
Published: July 2024

Over the course of the preceding half-century, specific advancements in robotic technologies have been assimilated into the continuum of human life in a seamless manner, demonstrating the profound impact of robotics on society. Nevertheless, the actual consumer response to service robots remains a subject of ongoing research, with scant attention paid to it thus far. This study focuses on the potential factors influencing the acceptance of robots in the realm of health services. Specifically, a model has been developed to explain individuals’ willingness to use a robot as a surgeon to correct visual impairment in one eye. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLSc-SEM) technique is deployed to validate the proposed hypotheses. The model proposed exhibits a robust explanatory power concerning the intention to utilize the robot surgeon, as evidenced by a high R-squared value of 0.817. The findings show the influence of effort expectancy, performance expectancy, social influence, and perceived risk on the intention to adopt robot services. However, the emotional dimensions, specifically pleasure and arousal, were not observed to exert any significant impact on the intention to employ the proposed robot surgeon. The proposed and tested model serves as a roadmap for future research and holds significant practical implications for the industry, paving the way for a more robot-friendly future in health services.
An analysis of consumer’s trusting beliefs towards the use of e-commerce platforms
Authors: Singh Nidhi , Misra Richa , Quan Wei , Radic Aleksandar , Lee Sang-Mook , Han Heesup
Published: July 2024

This study evaluates the consumers’ views on various security measures in e-commerce platforms and determines their impact on the trusting beliefs of consumers, which may further lead to an intention to use e-commerce platforms. The study also investigates the moderating effects of gender, age, and the frequency of e-commerce platform use on the proposed model. A total of 780 respondents were used for the study. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the proposed trust-based model. The findings indicate a strong positive impact of information integrity and information confidentiality on the consumers’ trusting beliefs. In addition, the study indicates the strong mediating effect of trusting beliefs with the association between information integrity, information confidentiality, and behavioral intention to use e-commerce platforms. A moderating effect of frequency of use on the relationship between perceived information confidentiality and preventing unauthorized secondary data usage on trusting beliefs was found to be significant. This research underwent an in-depth examination of different security aspects that e-commerce firms should consider in order to develop the trusting beliefs of consumers in e-commerce environments.
Elliptical pressure swirl jet issuing into stagnant air
Authors: Kasmaiee Sa. , Tadjfar M.
Published: July 2024

In this study, the effect of aspect ratio of elliptical cross section for a pressure swirl nozzle injecting into stagnant air was investigated experimentally. Three elliptical nozzles with aspect ratios of 1, 1.5, and 2 were manufactured. Shadowgraphy technique was utilized to visualize flow characteristics of the pressure swirl injectors. An in-house image processing code was used to obtain cone angle, breakup length, lateral spread, drop size distribution, and Sauter mean diameter (SMD). It was found that discharge coefficient increased by increasing the elliptical cross section's aspect ratio. By increasing the aspect ratio from 1, the issuing jet's cone angle became different from different viewing angles and was out of symmetry. The cone angle from front view was always larger than from side view. The asymmetry on the elliptical surface caused the thickness of the liquid film at the edges to be higher than in the middle. This asymmetry was amplified as the aspect ratio was increased resulting in the edges having a longer breakup length than in the middle. It was found that the lateral spread decreased and the interaction of the air core with the liquid was reduced with increasing aspect ratio, resulting in an increase in breakup length and drop sizes. Benjamin's model for discharge coefficient was modified, and the influence of aspect ratio was added to the model. Models were developed based on Rizk and Lefebvre and Sivakumar's relations for spray cone angle and breakup length, respectively. Also, a correlation based on Wang and Lefebvre's model was presented for SMD. These developed models were compared with our measurements and other published data with good agreements.
Quantum emitters in aluminum nitride induced by heavy ion irradiation
Authors: Senichev Alexander , Martin Zachariah O. , Wang Yongqiang , Matthiessen Owen M. , Lagutchev Alexei , Htoon Han , Boltasseva Alexandra , Shalaev Vladimir M.
Published: July 2024

The integration of solid-state single-photon sources with foundry-compatible photonic platforms is crucial for practical and scalable quantum photonic applications. This study explores aluminum nitride (AlN) as a material with properties highly suitable for integrated on-chip photonics and the ability to host defect-center related single-photon emitters. We have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the creation of single-photon emitters in AlN, utilizing heavy ion irradiation and thermal annealing techniques. Subsequently, we have performed a detailed analysis of their photophysical properties. Guided by theoretical predictions, we assessed the potential of Zirconium (Zr) ions to create optically addressable spin defects and employed Krypton (Kr) ions as an alternative to target lattice defects without inducing chemical doping effects. With a 532 nm excitation wavelength, we found that single-photon emitters induced by ion irradiation were primarily associated with vacancy-type defects in the AlN lattice for both Zr and Kr ions. The density of these emitters increased with ion fluence, and there was an optimal value that resulted in a high density of emitters with low AlN background fluorescence. Under a shorter excitation wavelength of 405 nm, Zr-irradiated AlN exhibited isolated point-like emitters with fluorescence in the spectral range theoretically predicted for spin-defects. However, similar defects emitting in the same spectral range were also observed in AlN irradiated with Kr ions as well as in as-grown AlN with intrinsic defects. This result is supportive of the earlier theoretical predictions, but at the same time highlights the difficulties in identifying the sought-after quantum emitters with interesting properties related to the incorporation of Zr ions into the AlN lattice by fluorescence alone. The results of this study largely contribute to the field of creating quantum emitters in AlN by ion irradiation and direct future studies emphasizing the need for spatially localized Zr implantation and testing for specific spin properties.
Non-Hermitian generalizations of the Yao–Lee model augmented by SO(3)-symmetry-breaking terms
Authors: Mandal Ipsita
Published: July 2024

We investigate non-Hermitian versions of the Yao–Lee model, supplemented by various kinds of SO(3)-symmetry-breaking terms, preserving the solvability of the model. The parent model hosts three species of Majorana fermions, thereby serving as an extension of the two-dimensional Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice. The non-Hermitian couplings represent generic situations when the system is coupled to the environment and, thus, undergoes dissipation. The resulting eigenvalue spectrum and the eigenmodes show a rich structure of exceptional points as well as non-Hermitian skin effects. We chart out such exotic behavior for some representative parameter regimes.
Effects of geometrical parameters on bristle mechanical characteristics and deflection behavior of brush seals in gas turbine engines
Authors: Yue Benzhuang , Liu Yuxin , Kong Xiaozhi , Chen Hua , Lu Huawei
Published: July 2024

Within the engine air system, the sealing is pivotal for augmenting engine thrust and efficiency. The brush seal, a contact-based sealing structure, exhibits commendable sealing efficacy. Nevertheless, the supple bristles tend to slip circumferentially in swirl inlet, diminishing the seal's stability and thus constraining its applicability. This study employs a fluid–structure interaction approach to initially dissect the flow field dynamics within the bristles in swirling conditions, examining the aerodynamic behavior across various bristles and their consequent motion and deformation. Leveraging the Design of Experiment method, typical geometric variables of brush seals, such as the diameter, length, inclined angle, rows, radial clearance of bristles, and the spacing between bristles, are scrutinized, and their influence on aerodynamic force distributions on the first row of the bristles and the interplay among these parameters assessed. It was observed that under the swirl inlet imposed, the first row of bristle pack experiences diminished axial forces compared to no-swirl. The diameter of bristle emerged as a primary factor impacting axial aerodynamic force, contributing 33% of the force, and there exists a linear correlation between diameter and axial aerodynamic force. Notably, the interplay between bristle diameter and inclined angle significantly influences axial forces and bristle deformation. The critical factors influencing the normal aerodynamic force acting on the bristles were identified as the spacing and diameter of the bristles, with respective contribution rates of 27.4% and 27.3%. A linear escalation in the normal aerodynamic force is seen with increasing spacing and diameter. Additionally, a substantial inverse relationship between diameter and inclined angle was discerned.
Theory of thermoreversible gelation and anomalous concentration fluctuations in polyzwitterion solutions
Authors: Li Siao-Fong , Muthukumar Murugappan
Published: July 2024

We present a theoretical framework to investigate thermoreversible phase transitions within polyzwitterion systems, encompassing macrophase separations (MPS) and gelation. In addition, we explore concentration fluctuations near critical points associated with MPS, as well as tricritical and bicritical points at the intersection of MPS and gelation. By utilizing mean-field percolation theory and field theory formalism, we derive the Landau free energy in terms of polyzwitterion concentration with fixed dipole strengths and other experimental variables, such as temperatures and salt concentrations. As the temperature decreases, the dipoles can form cross-links, resulting in polyzwitterion associations. The associations can grow to a gel network and enhance the propensity for MPS, including liquid–liquid, liquid–gel, and gel–gel phase separations. Remarkably, the associations also impact critical behaviors. Using the renormalization group technique, we find that the critical exponents of the polyzwitterion concentration correlation functions significantly deviate from those in the Ising universality class due to the presence of polyzwitterion associations, leading to crossover critical behaviors.
A multi-objective operation optimization model for the electro-thermal integrated energy systems considering power to gas and multi-type demand response
Authors: Xu Fangqiu , Li Xiaopeng , Jin Chunhua
Published: July 2024

Power-to-gas technology and demand response strategy are effective approaches to improve the flexibility and efficiency of energy systems. This paper proposes a multi-objective operation optimization model for an electro-thermal integrated energy system considering power to gas and demand response strategies. First, the structure of integrated energy system and the demand response model of different types of electro-thermal loads are proposed. Second, the operation optimization model of integrated energy system is established with three objectives of total cost minimization, carbon emission minimization, and energy curtailment rate minimization. A hybrid intelligent algorithm combining multi-objective particle swarm optimization and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje technique is employed to solve the proposed model. Then, an industrial park in North China is studied. The results indicate that power to gas can reduce the total cost, carbon emission, and energy curtailment rate by 8.18%, 11.92%, and 75.80%, respectively, and the demand response also has a positive impact on system performance.
Dynamic flow behaviors of an inlet isolator in embedded rocket-driven mode transitions
Authors: Yang Xue , Tian Zhaoyang , Yang Yiyan , Yao Yao , Zhang Wei , Wei Zhen , Shi Lei
Published: July 2024

The dynamic flow behaviors, as well as the propagation and coupling of regulation information, in a rocket-based combined-cycle inlet isolator during the ejector-to-ramjet mode transitions driven by different embedded rocket control methods, are numerically investigated. The key parameters of compression power, Mach number, and pressure ratio are used to illustrate the operation performance of the inlet isolator. The rocket jet induces strong shocks while inhibiting the shock/boundary layer interaction in the jet-covered region. The coupling of the rocket jet shear and back pressure is linked to the formation of wall flow separation. The parameter distributions are greatly influenced by the destruction of shock structures, which is crucial for the stability of supersonic flowfields. The continuity of the jet boundary is disrupted by the regulation of the embedded rocket, and an increase in the throttle level will further intensify the breakup. Back pressure propagation is limited by the rocket jet and is constantly matched with the jet and mainstream until the rocket's influence domain reaches stable. The “high throttle-maintaining” and “direct-shutdown” mode transitions tend to induce oscillations in the isolator compression performance. In the “direct-shutdown” mode transition, the vorticity proportion in the combustor is unstable and the flowfield disorder is high. In the “high throttle-maintaining” mode transition, the vortex generation level is relatively stable and high, while the entropy proportion fluctuates strongly and at a high level. By adopting the “medium throttle-maintaining” mode transition, the entropy and vorticity proportion levels are relatively stable, which is conducive to the stability of mode transition.
Validity, reliability and factor structure of the Female Sexual Well-Being Scale in married Iranian women
Authors: Ashrafinia Farzaneh , Nakhaee Nouzar , Chen Hui , Kelley Erika L. , Heydari Omolbanin
Published: July 2024

Background Promoting the quality of women’s sex life is crucial for their overall well-being. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Iranian adaptation of the Female Sexual Well-Being Scale (FSWB), and assess its cross-cultural comparability. Methods The Persian version of the FSWB was developed through forward and backward translations, followed by revision by a research team and pilot testing. A total of 400 women completed the FSWB questionnaire. Test–retest reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient, whereas Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess internal consistency. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factorisation with varimax rotation, followed by confirmatory factor analysis. Results Only one factor was found in the scale by factor analysis using the principal component method and varimax rotation. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure demonstrated high sampling adequacy (0.961), and Bartlett’s test of sphericity confirmed the appropriateness of the correlation matrix for exploratory factor analysis (P < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of the one-factor model based on various model fit indices. The intraclass correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability was 96.8%, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 97.2%, demonstrating high reliability. Conclusions The Persian version of the FSWB (consisting of 17 questions) and its scoring system showed robust validity and reliability in assessing women’s sexual well-being in the Iranian context.
Renormalization group analysis of the Anderson model on random regular graphs
Authors: Vanoni Carlo , Altshuler Boris L. , Kravtsov Vladimir E. , Scardicchio Antonello
Published: July 2024

We present a renormalization group (RG) analysis of the problem of Anderson localization on a random regular graph (RRG) which generalizes the RG of Abrahams, Anderson, Licciardello, and Ramakrishnan to infinite-dimensional graphs. The RG equations necessarily involve two parameters (one being the changing connectivity of subtrees), but we show that the one-parameter scaling hypothesis is recovered for sufficiently large system sizes for both eigenstates and spectrum observables. We also explain the nonmonotonic behavior of dynamical and spectral quantities as a function of the system size for values of disorder close to the transition, by identifying two terms in the beta function of the running fractal dimension of different signs and functional dependence. Our theory provides a simple and coherent explanation for the unusual scaling behavior observed in numerical data of the Anderson model on RRG and of many-body localization.
The integral role of de novo lipogenesis in the preparation for seasonal dormancy
Authors: Cedden Doga , Güney Gözde , Toprak Umut
Published: July 2024

Animals can alter their body compositions in anticipation of dormancy to endure seasons with limited food availability. Accumulation of lipid reserves, mostly in the form of triglycerides (TAGs), is observed during the preparation for dormancy in diverse animals, including insects (diapause) and mammals (hibernation). However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipid accumulation and the ecological consequences of failure to accumulate adequate lipid stores in preparation for animal dormancy remain understudied. In the broadest sense, lipid reserves can be accumulated in two ways: the animal either receives lipids directly from the environment or converts the sugars and amino acids present in food to fatty acids through de novo lipogenesis and then to TAGs. Here, we show that preparation for diapause in the Colorado potato beetle (
Leptinotarsa decemlineata
) involves orchestrated upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism with a transcript peak in 8- and 10-d-old diapause-destined insects. Regulation at the transcript abundance level was associated with the accumulation of substantial fat stores. Furthermore, the knockdown of de novo lipogenesis enzymes (
ACCase
and
FAS-1
) prolonged the preparatory phase, while the knockdown of fatty acid transportation genes shortened the preparatory phase. Our findings suggest a model in which the insects dynamically decide when to transition from the preparation phase into diapause, depending on the progress in lipid accumulation through de novo lipogenesis.
Dynamic schematic complexes
Authors: Antović Mihailo , Jovanović Vladimir Ž. , Figar Vladimir
Published: July 2024

The article focuses on meaning generation in music and language cognition based on complexes of image schemas. We hypothesize that schemas are involved in dynamic interactions fostering online complex conceptual construction found both in language and elsewhere in various cognitive code expressions. Expanding on recent work, we propose that an account of image-schema interaction should include the notion of scalarity, a higher-order parameter which captures the intensity with which schemas occur and/or interact with one another. In that sense, schemas are proposed to have a binary valence (positive or negative) and a three-tier range of intensity levels. We focus on some examples of the interaction of force, path, link, balance, and containment image schemas in language and music to illustrate how a formal routine emerging from our proposal may help in addressing not only aspects of propositional semantics, but also affective and connotative nuances in musical and linguistic expression.
Experimental investigation and parametric optimization of rotary ultrasonic machining of different bio-ceramic materials
Authors: Vishnoi Mohit , Mamatha T G , Singh Manvendra , Kushwaha Anuj , Anuragi Anupam
Published: July 2024

Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is a highly promising technique for machining bio-ceramic materials due to its ability to achieve high precision and superior surface quality. This research focuses on an experimental investigation and parametric optimization of RUM for different bio-ceramic materials, intending to optimize multiple machining responses simultaneously. The experimental setup involves utilizing a 3-axis CNC ultrasonic machine to machine three different workpieces with slot cutting. Various machining parameters, such as tool feed rate and tool rotating speed, are studied to determine their impacts. An orthogonal array design based on Taguchi optimization is used to execute the experiments effectively. Material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) are monitored and statistically analyzed as a consequence of the responses. ANOVA demonstrates that the tool feed rate has a considerable impact on the output reactions, with material type and tool rotational speed also playing a role. For multiple response optimizations, the Taguchi-Grey method is used to achieve the best trade-off between MRR and Sr The results demonstrate that material type has the most substantial impact on surface roughness, followed by feed rate and spindle speed. In contrast, feed rate has the most significant effect on the material removal rate, followed by the material type and spindle speed. The optimal parameter settings for achieving the desired output parameter are determined. The confirmation experiments validate the effectiveness of the optimized parameters. The feed rate of 5 mm min−1, and spindle speed of 2500 rpm were discovered to be the optimal condition for achieving maximum MRR and minimum Ra. The MRR and surface roughness values were measured as 1.7266 mm3 min−1 and 1.5611 microns respectively.
Physical, optical, thermal, structural and mechanical properties of alkaline earth borate glasses
Authors: Elkholy Hagar , Atif Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad J , Othman Hosam
Published: July 2024

Binary alkaline earth borate glasses were synthesized via the melt quenching technique. The density and molar volume of the resultant glasses were determined experimentally. The glass optical basicity has been found to increase with the glass polarizability. The optical properties of the glasses were comprehensively analyzed, revealing a shift in the cutoff wavelength towards longer wavelengths with increasing glass optical basicity. Additionally, the optical band gap (Eg) was estimated. Structural investigations unveiled an increase in the abundance of BO4 units as the glass optical basicity increased. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature was observed to decrease with decreasing cation field strength. Glass packing density and B2O3 packing factor were calculated to assess structural variations. The longitudinal and shear velocities were determined using the pulse echo technique, providing insights into the elastic moduli of the glasses. The Makishima and Mackenzie approach was employed to predict the elastic moduli, yielding results in good agreement with experimental data. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on the relationship between composition, structure, and mechanical properties of binary alkaline earth borate glasses, offering valuable insights for potential applications.
Synergistic advancements with Mn-MOF/Nb2CTx electrodes in bisolvent-in-salt (BSiS) electrolytes for supercapacitor and hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Yaseen Tahmina , Hassan Haseebul , Iqbal M Waqas , Siyal Sajid Hussain , Umar Ehtisham , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , A Al-Ammar Essam , Elahi Ehsan
Published: July 2024

Supercapacitors are promising technologies for exceptionally efficient energy storage and power control, making them a crucial and significant field of global technical progress. In this research, we designed an electrode material by combining Mn-MOF with Nb2CTx MXene. At 1.5 A g−1, the Mn-MOF/Nb2CTx electrode has 900 C g−1 specific capacity. This performance underscores its potential for high-efficiency energy storage applications. Supercapacitor Mn-MOF/Nb2CTx had a 1500 W kg−1 power density and 52 Wh kg−1 energy density. Following 12,000 cycles, the Mn-MOF/Nb2CTx fabricated electrodes retain 96.4% capacity retention and 89.3% of its coulombic efficiency. This work uses experimental studies to describe the representative uses of Mn-MOF/Nb2CTx-based electrocatalysts for the HER. The methods for enhancing the catalytic efficiency of MXenes in the application of HER are illustrated, including the optimization of active sites through termination modification and the introduction of Mn-MOF, as well as the enhancement of active sites through the fabrication of different nanostructures. The issues associated with and the possibility of Mn-MOF/Nb2CTx electrocatalysts are also discussed. This research is an example of the future improvement of novel and effective electrocatalysts based on MXenes for hydrogen production using water-splitting technology.
Dual-band inset-fed diamond-shaped patch MIMO antenna for wireless communication applications
Authors: Raj Govathoti Prudhvi , Ketavath Kumar Naik
Published: July 2024

A compact inset-fed rectangular-shaped multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) patch antenna with a diamond-shaped slot is proposed for dual-band wireless communication applications. It comprises with two identical rectangular-shaped radiating elements. The proposed inset-fed diamond-shaped slot MIMO patch (IDSMP) antenna has overall dimensions is 20 × 40 × 1.6 mm3. To achieve low mutual coupling and good diversity performance, circular slots are etched on the ground plane and diamond slots are etched from the rectangular radiating patches. The edge-to-edge separation between the radiating elements is 4 mm. The IDSMP antenna is resonating at 8.2 GHz and 14.0 GHz frequencies and a gain of 5.63dBi and 5.43dBi respective operating frequency. It achieves the wider dual bandwidths of 400 MHz (8.00 GHz to 8.40 GHz) and 940 MHz (13.63 GHz to 14.57 GHz) of respective frequencies. The IDSMP antenna MIMO parameters are presented for the envelope correlation coefficient is < 0.0, diversity gain is > 9.9, channel capacity loss is < 0.1 bits/sec/Hz, mean effective gain is investigated (−4 dB < MEG < −7 dB), and total active reflection coefficient is also obtained. The simulated and experimentally attained values are presented, and it is showing fine agreement.
Unraveling the hydropower vulnerability to drought in the United States
Authors: Moghaddasi Pouya , Gavahi Keyhan , Moftakhari Hamed , Moradkhani Hamid
Published: July 2024

Drought, a potent natural climatic phenomenon, significantly challenges hydropower systems, bearing adverse consequences for economies, societies, and the environment. This study delves into the profound impact of drought on hydropower generation (HG) in the United States, revealing a robust correlation between hydrologic drought and hydroelectricity generation. Our analysis of the period from 2003 to 2020 for the Contiguous United States (CONUS) indicates that drought events led to a considerable decline in hydroelectricity generation, amounting to approximately 300 million MWh, and resulting in an estimated loss of $28 billion to the sector. Moreover, our findings highlight the adverse environmental effect of drought-induced HG reductions, which are often compensated by increased reliance on natural gas usage, which led to substantial emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxide (NO
X
), totaling 161 700 kilotons, 1199 tons, and 181 977 tons, respectively. In addition to these findings, we assess the state-level vulnerability of hydropower to drought, identifying Washington and California as the most vulnerable states, while Nevada exhibits the least vulnerability. Overall, this study enhances understanding of the multifaceted effects of drought on hydropower, which can assist in informing policies and practices related to drought management and energy production.