bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The etiology and prognosis of canalicular lacerations repair using canalicular anastomosis combined with bicanalicular stent intubation
Authors: Guo Tao , Qin Xiuhong , Ji Jiali , Lu Yang , Xu Li , Wang Hongwei , Xiao Caiwen , Zhang Zhenzhen
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the etiology of lacrimal canalicular lacerations and explore possible risk factors influencing prognosis. Methods: A total of 142 patients (142 eyes) with lacrimal canalicular lacerations were reviewed and surgically repaired between March 2017 and March 2018. The analyzed data contained demographic information, the type of trauma, injury locations, associated additional ocular injuries and surgerical outcomes at follow-up. The main outcome measures were anatomic success, functional success, and the complication of surgery. Results: The mean patient age was 42.07years(ranging from 1-75 years) and 112 (78.87%) were men. Upper and lower canalicular lacerations were found in 14 (9.86%) and 112 patients (78.87%), respectively. Electromobile accidents were the leading cause of injury with 76 patients (53.52%). There were 100 (70.42%) patients who had lid laceration without tarsal plate fracture and 42 (29.58%) patients who had lid laceration with tarsal plate fracture. Functional reconstruction failure rates were higher in patients with indirect injuries, lid laceration with tarsal plate fracture, and with laceration punctum crack( P <0.05). Surgical Complications were detected in the form of lacrimal punctum ectropion in 3 (2.11%) patients, lacrimal punctum crack in 2 (1.41%) patients, stent extrusion and loss in 2 (1.41%) patients. Conclusions: Electromobile accidents have become the leading cause of injury instead of the motor vehicle accidents because of changes in lifestyle. Silicone intubation was most commonly used in surgery with high anatomic success. The indirect injuries, lid laceration with tarsal plate fracture and with lacrimal punctum crack, were significantly more likely to lead to a poor prognosis, as comfirmed by the lower functional success rate of surgery. Keywords: Canalicular lacerations; etiology; prognosis; epiphora; silicone tube intubation
The Results of Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Surgery: What is Success?
Authors: Searle Henry Kelvin Christopher , Asopa Vipin , Coleman Simon , McDermott Ian
Published: November 2019

Background : Meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) may improve symptoms and function, and limit premature knee degeneration in patients under 50 years with symptomatic meniscal loss. The aim of this retrospective study was to examine patient outcomes after MAT and to explore the potential definitions of ‘success' or ‘failure’.
Methods : 60 patients who underwent MAT between 2008-2014, aged 18-50 were identified. Six validated outcome measures for knee pathologies, patient satisfaction and return to sport were incorporated into a questionnaire. Surgical failure (removal of most/all the graft, revision MAT or conversion to arthroplasty), clinical failure (Lysholm <65), complication rates (surgical failure plus repeat arthroscopy for secondary allograft tears) and whether patients would have the procedure again were recorded. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, with patient-reported outcome measures reported as median and range. A binomial logistic regression was performed to assess factors contributing to failure.
Results : 43 patients (72%) responded, mean age 35.6 (±7.5). 72% required concomitant procedures, and 44% had Outerbridge III or IV chondral damage. The complication rate was 21% (9). At mean follow-up of 3 (±1.9) years, 9% (4) were surgical failures and 21% (9) were clinical failures. Half of those patients considered a failure stated they would undergo MAT again. In the 74% (32) reporting they would undergo MAT again, median KOOS, IKDC and Lysholm scores were 82.1, 62.1 and 88, compared to 62.2, 48.5 and 64 in patients who said they would not. None of the risk factors significantly contributed to surgical or clinical failure, although female gender and number of concomitant procedures were nearly significant. Following MAT, 40% were dissatisfied with type/level of sport achieved, but only 14% would not consider MAT again.
Conclusions: None of the risk factors examined were linked to surgical or clinical failure. Whilst less favourable outcomes are seen with Outerbridge Grade IV, these patients should not be excluded from potential MAT. Inability to return to sport is not associated with failure since 73% of these patients would undergo MAT again. The disparity between ‘clinical failure’ and ‘surgical failure’ means these terms may need re-defining using a bespoke MAT scoring system.
Identification of genes universally differentially expressed in gastric cancer
Authors: Yan Haidan , Shi Yidan , Zhang Jiahui , Chen Haifeng , Guan Qingzhou , He Jun , Li Meifeng , Guo Zheng , Li Ping
Published: November 2019

Background Due to the remarkable heterogeneity of gastric cancer (GC), differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified at the population-level by case-control comparison cannot afford dysregulation frequency of each DEG in GC. Methods Firstly, the individual-level DEGs were identified for 1,090 GC tissues without paired normal tissues by the RankComp method. Secondly, we directly compared the gene expression in a cancer tissue with its paired normal tissue to identify individual-level DEGs for 448 paired cancer-normal gastric tissues. Results We found 25 DEGs dysregulated not only in more than 90% of 1,090 GC tissues, but also in more than 90% of 448 GC tissues with paired normal tissues. The 25 genes were defined as universal DEGs for GC which were further validated in our additionally measured 24 paired cancer-normal gastric tissues. Among the universal DEGs, four up-regulation genes ( BGN , E2F3 , PLAU and SPP1 ) and one down-regulation gene ( UBL3 ) were found to be cancer genes documented in the COSMIC or F-Census database. By analyzing protein-protein interaction network, we found 12 universal up-regulation genes and their 284 direct neighbor genes were significantly enriched with cancer genes and key biological pathways related to cancer, such as MAPK signaling pathway, Cell cycle and Focal adhesion. The 13 universal down-regulation genes and 16 direct neighbor genes were also significantly enriched with cancer genes and gastric acid secretion related pathway. Conclusion These universal DEGs may be of special importance for GC diagnosis and treatment targets, and can help to study the molecular mechanism of GC.
Comparison of gastric emptying time after the ingestion of whisky with isocalorically-adjusted glucose solution
Authors: Okabe Tadashi , Terashima Hideo , Sakamoto Atsuhiro
Published: November 2019

Background The gastric emptying of alcoholic beverages remains unclear because the current preoperative fasting guidelines state that clear fluids do not include alcohol, which has led to no information being available on the gastric emptying of alcoholic beverages, and inconsistent findings from previous studies. We demonstrated that liquid gastric emptying mainly depended on energy content, regardless of compositional differences. Therefore, we performed the present study to compare gastric emptying times between whisky mixed with water and sugar water with uniform energy contents and volumes. Methods As a crossover study, 10 healthy male volunteers ingested one of 3 test solutions with a uniform volume of 150 ml, i.e., whisky with water-containing whisky 30 ml (67 kcal), sugar water containing glucose 16.8 g (67 kcal), and water (0 kcal), and the gastric emptying time of each beverage was then assessed by ultrasound measurements of the gastric antral cross-sectional area. Results The gastric emptying pattern of whisky with water was faster than that of isocaloric sugar water, but slower than that of water. Each antral cross-sectional area 20, 30, and 40 min after the ingestion of sugar water was significantly higher than that of whisky with water. Antral cross-sectional areas 10 and 20 min after the ingestion of water were significantly lower than those of whisky with water. Conclusions The results of our study suggested that the gastric emptying time of whisky would be shorter than that of isocaloric glucose solution. Unlike the other beverages, the gastric emptying time of alcohol drinks does not purely depend on the energy content because alcohol itself has no calorie before absorption. The liquid gastric emptying of whisky will theoretically have the similar pattern to that of a calorie-free beverage; however, a slower rate than that of water was observed. Further investigations on the factors contributing to this delay are needed.
Expression of tumor pyruvate kinase M2 isoform in plasma and stool of patients with colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps
Authors: Rigi Farideh , Jannatabad Aliakbar , Izanloo Azra , Roshanravan Reza , Hashemian Hamid Reza , Kerachian Moahammad Amin
Published: November 2019

Background: Tumor pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (tM2-PK), which is an isoform of PK-glycolytic enzyme and appears on the surface of cancerous proliferating cells, has been used as a diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the tM2-PK measurement test for the diagnosis of CRCs and adenomatous polyps in plasma and stool samples in an Iranian population.
Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 226 stool and 178 plasma samples were received from patients referred to colonoscopy units. tM2-PK enzyme was measured using two separate ScheBo-Biotech-AG ELISA kits for stool and plasma samples.
Results: At the cut-off value of 4 U/ml, in tumor group, the sensitivity of fecal tM2-PK test was 100% and the specificity was 68%, and in polyp group, the sensitivity and specificity were 87% and 68%, respectively. At the cut-off value of 15 U/ml in tumor group, the sensitivity of plasma tM2-PK test was 98% and specificity was 74% and in polyp group the sensitivity and specificity were 98% and 74%, respectively. Based on our results, a cut-off range of 4.8-8 U/ml and >8 U/ml could be used to detect polyp and tumor in stool samples, respectively. Similarly, a cut-off range of 19-25 U/ml and >25 U/ml is recommended in plasma samples for polyp and tumor detection, respectively.
Conclusions: This study revealed a high specificity and sensitivity of tM2-PK test for stool and plasma samples in patients with CRC and polyps suggesting it as a non-invasive assay to diagnose CRC and adenomatous polyps.
Changes in the health inequalities for diabetes among middle-aged and elderly people in China from 2011 to 2015
Authors: Cao Guizhen , Cui Zhizhen , Ma Qinghua , Wang Congju , Xu Yong , Sun Hongpeng , Ma Yana
Published: November 2019

Objective The purpose of this paper is to measure income-related health inequality among middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes in China from 2011 to 2015 and to determine its causes. Methods The data for this study were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study that was carried out in 2011, 2013 and 2015. In total, 48519 Chinese middle-aged and elderly patients were included (15457 in 2011, 16576 in 2013 and 16486 in 2015). A principal component analysis was performed to measure asset-based economic status. The concentration index was used to measure income-related inequality in patients with diabetes. Additionally, we decomposed the concentration index to identify factors that explained wealth-related inequality in patients with diabetes. Results The prevalence of self-reported diabetes among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults was 5.61%, 7.49% and 8.99% in 2011, 2013 and 2015, respectively. The concentration indices and 95% confidence intervals for diabetes were 0.1359 (0.0525-0.0597), 0.1207 (0.0709-0.0789), 0.1021 (0.0855-0.0942) in 2011, 2013, and 2015, respectively, which are indicative of inequality that favors the rich. The decomposition of the concentration index showed that urban location (39.38%), BMI (31.16%), education level (7.28%), and region (6.09%) had positive contributions to the measured inequality in diabetes in China in 2015. Age (-29.93%) had a negative contribution to inequality. Conclusions The findings confirm a health inequality in diabetes that favor the rich. Furthermore, the inequality declined from 2011 to 2015. We suggest that policy and intervention strategies should be developed to alleviate this health inequality, such as establishing an integrated urban-rural medical insurance scheme and promoting health education programs.
Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 Signaling Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Rabbit
Authors: Yang Xilan , Jia Jian , Yu Zhen , Duanmu Zheng , He Huiwei , Chen Sen , Qu Chen
Published: November 2019

Background : Previous studies have indicated that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in modulating arterial adventitia inﬂammation response. In this study, we designed experiment to further investigate the effect of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling in rabbit atherosclerosis process. Methods : Atherosclerosis was induced in the abdominal arteries of rabbits by atherogenic diet and endothelial damage. At the same time, animals were received either no treatment or ruxolitinib and killed after 12 weeks. Results : H&E staining and CT scan analysis showed that rabbit atherosclerosis model was constructed successfully. Ruxolitinib, an inhibitor of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), substantially decreased the area of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits treated with high fat diet and balloon injury of the aorta. Moreover, ruxolitinib substantially decreased IL-6 and TNF-α, but increased IL-10 and IL-17 levels in plasma of atherosclerotic rabbits. Additionally, ruxolitinib reduced TC and TG contents and AIP, while enhanced HDL-C level in rabbit plasma. Furthermore, we found that JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation were upregulated in rabbits with atherosclerosis when compared with that of the control group, and furthermore the expression of SOCS3 was also increased due to the activation of JAK2 and STAT3, while ruxolitinib inactivated JAK2 and STAT3 pathway and decreased SOCS3 expression. Conclusion : Taken together, inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling pathway may be a novel method for the clinical treatment of artery atherosclerosis.
Effect of different contrast administration protocols on contrast enhancement and image quality in CT scan
Authors: Ibrahim Noor Ruhaya , Karim Noor Khairiah A. , Shuaib Ibrahim Lutfi , Osman Noor Diyana , Hashim Salwah , Fang Phuah Hooi
Published: November 2019

Objective The aim of this study is to compare the effect of different contrast administration protocols practiced in Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Group A) and Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia (Group B), on contrast enhancement and image quality in computed tomography scan. The two protocols were fixed time delay (FTD) with fixed volume (FV), and automatic bolus tracking (ABT) with weight based volume (WBV) contrast administration. Quantification of contrast enhancement’s magnitude in four different anatomical structures was measured in Hounsfield Unit (HU) and based on 5-point scale (1=poor, 5=excellent), the images were rated qualitatively.Results Mean enhancement values of all structures in Group B was higher compared to Group A (p = < 0.001). Mean of quality rating between the two groups was statistically not significant (p = 0.185). There was a weak correlation between HU values and administered contrast volume (r = 0.152). It can be concluded that FTD with FV protocol is non inferior to ABT with WBV protocol as it yielded higher degree of contrast enhancement. There was no significant difference between the two protocols in term of qualitative assessment although ABT with WBV protocol had higher mean grading in image quality.
Gestational malaria in Kisangani : Efficacy of Mefloquine vs Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in Intermittent Preventive Treatment : A Study Protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Noël Labama Otuli , Nguma Bosenge , Mike-Antoine Maindo Alongo , Gédéon Katenga Bosunga , Joris Losimba Likwela , Albert Ahuka Ona Longombe , Roland Marini Ndjang’eing’a , Jean-Pascal Manga Okenge
Published: November 2019

Background : In order to reduce malaria-related morbidity and mortality during pregnancy, WHO recommends :
Insecticide-treated mosquito nets,

Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy,

Prompt and effective case management.

Nevertheless, several cases of resistance to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, used in intermittent preventive treatment, and to Chloroquine are reported in sub-Saharan Africa and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The prevalence of malaria among pregnant women remains high in Africa in general, and in the Democratic Republic of Congo in particular. This issue leads us to conduct this study, which aims at proposing an alternative to SP for preventing malaria in pregnant women.
Materials and methods : From June 1 to October 31, 2019, we enrolled pregnant women from five health facilities in Kisangani for randomized, single-blind controlled clinical trials to compare the efficacy of two intermittent preventive treatment regimens in Kisangani pregnant women, selected before 18 th weeks of amenorrhea. The first regimen consists of 4 doses of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine starting at the selection time and spaced at least 4 weeks during pregnancy. Each dose is made of 3 tablets of 525 mg Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine. The second regimen consists of 2 doses of Mefloquine during pregnancy. The first dose is taken at the selection time and the second dose between the 28 th and 32 nd weeks of amenorrhea. Each dose is made of 3 tablets of 250 mg Mefloquine. The efficacy criteria for these two regimens are placental malaria parasitemia, low birth weight of newborn and maternal anemia at delivery. The safety criterion was the occurrence of major side effects.
Discussion : There are not enough randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy of Mefloquine for the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in African pregnant women, hence the recommendation for clinical trials. The present study is the only one that conducts such assessment in a hyper-endemic area with resistance to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine and Chloroquine. The findings are therefore intended to promote the use of Mefloquine as the best alternative to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria.
Clinical trial registration : PACTR201905899965726.
Key words : Intermittent preventive treatment, efficacy, safety, Mefloquine, Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, Kisangani.
Treatment practices, response to therapy and adverse events in ANCA-associated vasculitis patients in Europe: top-line findings from a retrospective observational study
Authors: Rutherford Peter , Goette Dieter
Published: November 2019

Background ANCA-associated vasculitis patient outcome data in the real world setting is scarce. This study measures key clinical outcomes and adverse effects over the first 12 months of remission induction therapy.Methods This was a retrospective study of 929 newly diagnosed [ND] and 268 relapsing patients [RP] conducted online by 399 clinicians. Each clinician completed a survey for 3 patients meeting the following criteria: initiated remission induction treatment for new or relapsing disease between Nov 2014 and Feb 2017, ≥ 6 months of therapy including ≥ 1 course of induction therapy, under continuous care for ≥12 months. Data were collected relating to baseline presentation and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.Results 58% were >55 years old with more granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, 54%) versus microscopic polyangiitis (MPA, 46%), and <20% of patients had Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Scoring (BVAS) performed. Median symptom duration prior to diagnosis was 6 to 7 weeks. Presenting symptoms were similar between ND and RP, noted differences (≥ 5%) were more fever, rash, and neuropathy, and less renal disease in RP. The majority (68% ND and 84% RP) had at least one comorbidity at diagnosis, with a similar distribution. Glucocorticoids (GC) were used by 83% ND and 76% RP; >50% were still receiving GC at 12 months. Most common treatments were cyclophosphamide+GC for ND (59%) and rituximab+GC for RP (44%). Many patients had slow and/or partial response to therapy, by 12 months >60% had a full response. 81% of patients with response by month 1 maintained full response through month 12. Adverse events and infections were common, especially during the first 3 months when GC use is highest.Conclusions Real world data show that both ND and RP ANCA-associated vasculitis patients respond variably to induction remission treatment and many experience adverse events and infections over the first 12 months of treatment. The presence of comorbidities at treatment initiation in most patients compounded the adverse impacts of disease and treatment. This study improves our understanding of the reality of clinical outcomes in ANCA-associated vasculitis and the need for targeted therapeutic approaches.
Awareness and Attitudes toward Corneal Donations among Applicants and Staff of a Driver, Vehicle and Licensing Authority (DVLA) in Ghana
Authors: Lartey Seth , ANTWI-ADJEI ELLEN KONADU , Agyapong Solomon , Mohammed Abdul-Kabir , Mensah Derrick N.O. , Genego Edward S
Published: November 2019

Background: Corneal transplantations are surgeries performed for irreparable corneal diseases and damage. However, there is a gap between the number of potential recipients and the number of donor corneas available. The main aim of the study was to determine the awareness and attitudes toward corneal donation among applicants and staff of DVLA, Kumasi-Ghana.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. 100 participants were selected using convenient sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses from participants concerning awareness and attitudes toward corneal transplant.
Results: The mean ± SD age of the participants was 32.05 ± 11.48years and age range, 18-67years. Males were 66% whilst females constituted 34%. 32.7% of the participants were aware of corneal donation. Majority of the participants were Christians (83.1%) and Singles (63%). Television was the source of information with the highest preponderance (49.4%). 67.3% were willing to donate their corneas after death. 63.9% were willing to indicate their donor statuses on drivers’ license form which had a significant association with willingness to donate cornea after death (p<0.05, ᵪ 2 = 12.187).
Conclusion: There is a poor level of awareness (32.7%) of transplant and donation amongst the study population but a good level of willingness to donate organs (67%). Consent via driving license would seem to be a good potential mode of obtaining consent to supplement the harvesting of adequate tissues for transplant if adequate awareness is created.
MicroRNA expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells associated with syphilis
Authors: Huang Tao , Zhang Jun , Ke Wujian , Zhang Xiaohui , Chen Wentao , Yang Jieyi , Liao Yiwen , Liang Fangwen , Mei Shuqing , Li Mingjiu , Luo Zhenzhou , Zhang Qiwei , Yang Bin , Zheng Heping
Published: November 2019

Background
Treponema pallidum ( T. pallidum ) infection evokes significant immune responses, resulting in tissue damage. The immune mechanism underlying T. pallidum infection is still unclear, although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to influence immune cell function and, consequently, the generation of antibody responses during other microbe infections. However, these mechanisms are unknown for T. pallidum .
Methods
In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in healthy individuals, untreated patients with syphilis, patients in the serofast state, and serologically cured patients. miRNAs were profiled from the peripheral blood of patients obtained at the time of serological diagnosis. Then, both the target sequence analysis of these different miRNAs and pathway analysis were performed to identify important immune and cell signaling pathways. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for microRNA analysis.
Results
A total of 89 differentially regulated miRNAs were identified. Following RT-qPCR confirmation, three miRNAs (hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-589-3p) showed significant differences in the serofast and serologically cured states ( P <0.05). One miRNA (hsa-miR-195-5p) showed significant differences between untreated patients and healthy individuals.
Conclusions
This is the first study of miRNA expression differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in different stages of T. pallium infection. Our study suggests that the combination of three miRNAs has great potential to serve as a non-invasive biomarker of T. pallium infections, which will facilitate better diagnosis and treatment of T. pallium infections.
Fertilizer Source Affects Nutrient Losses from Hybrid Bermudagrass during Surface Runoff
Authors: Sanders Kayla R. , Beasley Jeffrey S.
Published: November 2019

Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) provide an extended period of nutrient availability for turfgrass growth and may limit offsite nutrient losses compared with water-soluble fertilizers (WSFs). However, increasing temperatures and soil moisture accelerate nutrient release from many CRFs. As a result, turfgrass managers growing turfgrass in warm, humid climates with high rainfall question how effective CRFs are in reducing nutrient runoff losses while maintaining aesthetic quality. A study was conducted to examine the effect of three fertilizer treatments—an unfertilized control, a CRF applied at 87 lb/acre nitrogen (N), and a WSF applied at 87 lb/acre N as a split application (43.5 lb/acre N) at 0 and 45 d after initial fertilization (DAIF)—on nutrient losses from ‘Tifway’ hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) during surface runoff events. Rainfall simulations were conducted 3, 28, 56, and 84 DAIF at an intensity of 3 inches per hour to induce 30 minutes of runoff. Water samples were analyzed for inorganic N and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP). Hybrid bermudagrass quality was similar among fertilizer treatments with CRF application, resulting in slightly higher quality. Across all fertilizer treatments, hybrid bermudagrass exhibited similar runoff initiation time and volumes within each rainfall simulation event. Nutrient losses from fertilized hybrid bermudagrass were greatest at the first runoff event at 3 DAIF, with WSF having the greatest losses. The subsequent application of WSF 45 DAIF did not result in greater N and DTP losses compared with CRF application, most likely a result of water incorporation applied to prevent wilting. Hybrid bermudagrass fertilized with a single application of CRF resulted in 23.6% and 55.6% reductions in cumulative inorganic N and DTP losses, respectively, compared with hybrid bermudagrass fertilized with the a split application of WSF.
Improvement of Four Wheel Steering System
Authors: POSTALCIOĞLU Seda
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study is improving the vehicle safety and driver comfort. Four Wheel Steering (4WS) is used with Lane Keeping System (LKS) for confirmation the efficiency of the integrated controller. A two-degree-of-freedom model is used for simulation. Simulation is described for different driver models, different speeds on the vehicle with controllers. As seen from the simulation results, 4WS helps to the vehicle not to swerve but increase lateral displacement and driver workload. LKS is used to solve this problem. 4WS is supported by LKS. System is evaluated using performance indexes. Simulation results show that using the driver assistance systems together, improves vehicle safety and driver comfort.
Iğdır İli Buğday Ekim Alanlarında Segetal Floranın Belirlenmesi ve Bazı Yabancı Otların Gelişme Biyolojilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÜCRAK Muhabbet , Gürbüz Ramazan , Çoruh İrfan
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışma Iğdır ili buğday ekim alanlarındaki yabancı ot türlerini, yoğunluklarını, rastlanma sıklıklarını, kaplama alanlarını belirlemek ve önemli bazı yabancı otların gelişme biyolojilerini incelemek amacı ile 2017-2018 üretim döneminde yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla Mayıs-Haziran aylarında Iğdır Merkez, Aralık, Karakoyunlu ve Tuzluca ilçelerinde buğday ekim alanları göz önünde bulundurularak sürveyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürveylerde dört adet 1m2’lik çerçeveler tesadüfi olarak tarlanın içine atılmış çerçeve içerisine denk gelen yapancı ot türlerinin rastlama sıklıkları (%), yoğunlukları (adet/m2) ve kaplama alanları (%) belirlenmiştir. Sahip oldukları yabancı ot tür sayılarına göre en geniş üç familya sırasıyla Asteraceae (18), Brassicaceae ve Poaceae (13) olmuştur. Rastlama sıklığı en fazla çıkan 10 adet dar ve geniş yapraklı yabancı ot türlerinin gelişme biyolojileri BBCH skalası doğrultusunda incelenen yabancı ot türleri; Convolvulus arvensis L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Sinapis arvensis L., Galium aparine L., Cerastium sp., Chenopodium album L., Myagrum perfoliatum L., Avena fatua L., Secale cereale L., Polygonum aviculare L. olmuşlardır.
Rumex crispus Extract Exerts Anti-Diabetic Properties in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats
Authors: ÇELİK Özgen , KOÇ Evren
Published: November 2019

Rumex crispus is a natural, wild plant that grows spontaneously on riverside and wet meadows, and has been used for centuries in alternative medicine. In the present study, the effects of R. crispus on body weights, fasting blood glucose levels, plasma lipid profile, liver enzyme activities and antioxidant system were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Group I: control; group II: 3 mg kg-1 R. crispus; group III: 50 mg kg-1 Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes; group IV: 50 mg kg-1 STZ-induced diabetes + 3 mg kg-1 R.crispus. It was found that R. crispus extract reduced diabetes-related weight loss and blood glucose levels 10 days after the formation of diabetes. At the end of 14-day treatment period, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels significantly decreased (P<0.01) while triglyceride, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels increased in R. crispus supplemented diabetic rats (P<0.001). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased in response to R. crispus (P <0.001). Total antioxidant status (TAS) significantly decreased and total oxidant status (TOS) increased in diabetic group; however, in response to R. crispus treatment, TAS significantly increased and TOS decreased relative to control group (P<0.001, for both). Supplementation of R. crispus extract shows anti-diabetic properties in rats and might have a clinical potential for diabetic individuals.
Descuentos retroactivos en salud a los pensionados en Colombia: más allá de su legalidad
Authors: Marín Osorio Katerin
Published: November 2019

Los descuentos en salud como deducciones retroactivas son aquellos que
realizan las administradoras de pensiones a los pensionados por vejez de la mesada a partir de la fecha que se causó el derecho a recibir la prestación económica, esto es, desde que se adquiere el estatus jurídico. Lo anterior sustentado en los principios de solidaridad y sostenibilidad financiera, independientemente de que el pensionado o sus beneficiarios hayan o no gozado de los servicios de salud de manera real y oportuna por causas imputables a las Administradoras de Pensiones; bien sea por negligencia, por interpretación desfavorable y errónea de la norma que termina desconociendo el derecho pensional, por desinformación que hace incurrir en error al afiliado bajo el argumento de poder mejorar su derecho o en razón a un cambio normativo o jurisprudencial. De cualquier manera, estos descuentos terminan por representar un problema económico para los pensionados por vejez en Colombia.

En tal sentido, a través de este artículo académico se permite sustentar una acción inconstitucional derivada de la vulneración de los derechos a la igualdad, la seguridad jurídica, el debido proceso, la solidaridad, la libre escogencia, la favorabilidad y la continuidad de la prestación de los servicios de salud, puesto que hoy no existe en el ordenamiento jurídico una diferenciación objetiva de la norma que permita de manera excepcional exonerar a un pensionado del aporte retroactivo en salud o que establezca una solidaridad compartida entre este y las Administradoras de Pensiones en circunstancias especiales como las anteriormente descritas, más aún cuando se trata de reconocimientos tardíos atribuibles a las entidades pagadoras.
Proyecto de derogatorias, adiciones y modificaciones de la ley 1564 de 2012, presentado a la academia
Authors: Bonilla García Helver
Published: November 2019

Partiendo del axioma de que no existe obra humana que no sea susceptible de ser mejorada, en este trabajo presentamos a la academia jurídica nacional algunos ajustes precisos del texto de la ley 1564 de 2012 que consideramos necesarios para que ese compendio normativo cumpla con su anhelado papel de catalizador del cambio de cultura jurídico procesal que tanto requerimos.

Hemos detectado que en el Código General del Proceso hacen presencia disposiciones jurídicas que por su deficiente redacción permiten interpretaciones disímiles de los actores del proceso judicial; así mismo, se han observado que algunas preceptivas no sirven a los propósitos del Legislador indicados en la exposición de motivos de aquella disposición jurídica; y con ese mismo horizonte, se ha podido verificar que algunas de las más caras ideas procesales del mundo moderno han sido abordadas con tibieza por
la ley 1564 de 2012.

Para que se supere en algo la problemática planteada, se hacen las propuestas recogidas en este ensayo, partiendo de dos grandes vertientes que le dan sustento: una teórica conformada por ideas y conceptos de grandes juristas que han iluminado la ciencia procesal; y la otra, se trata de un fundamento surgido desde la reflexión que produce encontrarnos en las entrañas de la praxis judicial de la Administración de Justicia colombiana en la que desenvuelvo mi actividad profesional.

Estamos convencidos que, si el legislador no realiza en el corto plazo profundas
reformas al Código General del Proceso estaría tolerando la posibilidad de que esta codificación procesal se una al conjunto de normas que en Colombia no pasan de ser letra muerta, con la mala señal que ello implicaría.
Distrofia macular viteliforme de Best asociada a membrana neovascular coroidea en edad pediátrica
Authors: Berdugo-Mesa Sara , Goldfeder de Gracia Sydney , Ocampo-Ramírez Sara , Vargas-Olmos Andrea
Published: November 2019

La enfermedad de Best, también llamada distrofia macular viteliforme es una maculopatía autosómica dominante que se presenta por mutaciones en el gen BEST 1, localizado en epitelio pigmentario de la retina. Clínicamente, hace parte de las cinco enfermedades degenerativas de la retina distinguidas como bestrofinopatías. En etapas iniciales de la enfermedad puede presentarse agudeza visual normal; sin embargo, en la mayoría de los pacientes hay pérdida progresiva de la misma debido al depósito subfoveal de material amarillo. Algunos pacientes también pueden presentar neovascularización coroidea, siendo esta una complicación poco común. En población pediátrica el tratamiento temprano con ranibizumab de la enfermedad asociada a neovascularización coroidea ha evidenciado mejoría del pronóstico. Aunque son necesarios más estudios que valoren su eficacia y se ha registrado buena respuesta al tratamiento con otros medicamentos, este sigue siendo la primera elección. Se presenta el caso de una paciente quien a los trece años fue diagnosticada con distrofia macular viteliforme y fue tratada exitosamente con ranibizumab durante dos años.
Estudo do impacto econômico do Carnaval de 2018 em Belo Horizonte
Authors: Cruvinel Eduardo Henrique de Paula
Published: November 2019

O carnaval brasileiro pode ser considerado um dos produtos turísticos mais conhecidos internacionalmente, responsável pela movimentação e composição de fluxos de pessoas, motivação de viagens e deslocamentos, geração de receitas e empregos, alterações na oferta e demanda e mudanças nos hábitos de consumo. Além disso, os eventos carnavalescos acarretam impactos sociais, culturais, ambientais, econômicos, políticos e turísticos para as localidades que os sediam. Estudos que mensuram e avaliam tais impactos tornaram-se importantes ferramentas para gestores, empreendedores e pesquisadores que buscam uma melhor compreensão do potencial desses eventos como parte de um segmento relevante na cadeia produtiva do turismo. Esse foi um dos motivos que nos levaram a este estudo, com foco no impacto econômico do carnaval de Belo Horizonte, embasado em dados de pesquisa de demanda com foliões, realizada em fevereiro de 2018. O registro e a documentação de informações sobre o impacto econômico do carnaval na capital mineira são de extrema relevância para ampliar a competitividade, imagem e atratividade do destino. 

Palavras-chave: Turismo. Impacto Econômico. Carnaval.
Analysis of Protein-Protein Interaction Networks through Computational Approaches
Authors: Han Ying , Cheng Liang , Sun Weiju
Published: November 2019

The interactions among proteins and genes are extremely important for cellular
functions. Molecular interactions at protein or gene levels can be used to construct interaction
networks in which the interacting species are categorized based on direct interactions or functional
similarities. Compared with the limited experimental techniques, various computational tools make
it possible to analyze, filter, and combine the interaction data to get comprehensive information
about the biological pathways. By the efficient way of integrating experimental findings in
discovering PPIs and computational techniques for prediction, the researchers have been able to
gain many valuable data on PPIs, including some advanced databases. Moreover, many useful tools
and visualization programs enable the researchers to establish, annotate, and analyze biological
networks. We here review and list the computational methods, databases, and tools for
protein−protein interaction prediction.
Novel Findings and Therapeutic Targets on Cardioprotection of Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury in STEMI
Authors: Li Jianqiang , Sun Danghui , Li Yue
Published: November 2019

Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality around the world. A large number of STEMI patients after the infarction gradually develop heart failure
due to the infarcted myocardium. Timely reperfusion is essential to salvage ischemic myocardium from the infarction,
but the restoration of coronary blood flow in the infarct-related artery itself induces myocardial injury
and cardiomyocyte death, known as ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The factors contributing to IRI in STEMI
are complex, and microvascular obstruction, inflammation, release of reactive oxygen species, myocardial stunning,
and activation of myocardial cell death are involved. Therefore, additional cardioprotection is required to
prevent the heart from IRI. Although many mechanical conditioning procedures and pharmacological agents have
been identified as effective cardioprotective approaches in animal studies, their translation into the clinical practice
has been relatively disappointing due to a variety of reasons. With new emerging data on cardioprotection in
STEMI over the past few years, it is mandatory to reevaluate the effectiveness of “old” cardioprotective interventions
and highlight the novel therapeutic targets and new treatment strategies of cardioprotection.
RHPN1-AS1 Drives the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Regulating miR-596/IGF2BP2 Axis
Authors: Fen Hu , Hongmin Zheng , Wei Wei , Chao Yang , Yang Yao , Bei Liu , Zhihua Sun
Published: November 2019

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly cancer types worldwide, and
its incidence is high in China. Multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently identified as crucial
oncogenic factors or tumor suppressors. In this study, we explored the effects of LncRNA RHPN1 antisense RNA
1 (RHPN1-AS1) on the progression of HCC.

Method:

Expression levels of RHPN1-AS1 and miR-596 in HCC samples were measured by qRT-PCR. The
association between pathological indexes and the expression level of RHPN1-AS1 was also analyzed. Human
HCC cell lines Huh7 and SMMC-7721 were used as cell models. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were performed
to assess the effect of RHPN1-AS1 on HCC cell line proliferation. The flow cytometer instrument was
used to study the effect of RHPN1-AS1 on apoptosis of HCC cells. The transwell assay was conducted to detect
the effect of RHPN1-AS1 on migration and invasion. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm
targeting of miR-596 by RHPN1-AS1. Additionally, the regulatory function of RHPN1-AS1 on insulin-like
growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) was detected by western blot.

Result:

The expression level of RHPN1-AS1 in HCC samples was observed to significantly increase compared
with normal tissues and its high expression was correlated with unfavorable pathological indexes. Highly expressed
RHPN1-AS1 was associated with shorter overall survival time. RHPN1-AS1 overexpression remarkably
accelerated proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells, while reduced apoptosis. Accordingly, RHPN1-AS1
knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells. RHPN1-AS1 overexpression significantly reduced
miR-596 expression by sponging it, but enhanced IGF2BP2 expression.

Conclusion:

RHPN1-AS1 acts as a sponge of tumor suppressor miR-596 in HCC that can indirectly enhance the
IGF2BP2 expression and function as an oncogenic lncRNA.
New Applications of Oleanolic Acid and its Derivatives as Cardioprotective Agents: A Review of their Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Sun Ning , Li Dongli , Chen Xiaoqing , Wu Panpan , Lu Yu-Jing , Hou Ning , Chen Wen-Hua , Wong Wing-Leung
Published: November 2019

Oleanolic acid is an analogue of pentacyclic triterpenoids. It has been used as a hepatic drug for over
20 years in China. Currently, there are only five approved drugs derived from pentacyclic triterpenoids, including
oleanolic acid (liver diseases), asiaticoside (wound healing), glycyrrhizinate (liver diseases), isoglycyrrhizinate
(liver disease) and sodium aescinate (hydrocephalus). To understand more about the bioactivity and functional
mechanisms of oleanolic acid, it can be developed as a potent therapeutic agent, in particular, for the prevention
and treatment of heart diseases that are the leading cause of death for people worldwide. The primary aim of this
mini-review is to summarize the new applications of oleanolic acid and its derivatives as cardioprotective agents
reported in recent years and to highlight their therapeutic perspectives in cardiovascular diseases.
Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-beta in Colorectal Cancer: Rational and Progress
Authors: Gachpazan Meysam , Kashani Hoda , Hassanian Seyed M. , Khazaei Majid , Khorrami Shadi , Ferns Gordon A. , Avan Amir
Published: November 2019

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer and is associated
with an increasing rate of mortality. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) is often upregulated in CRC, and
appears to play an important role in regulating cell proliferation, migration, immune surveillance, apoptosis, cell
differentiation, drug-resistance and many cellular processes that may be involved in CRC, and therefore underscores
its potential value as a therapeutic target in the treatment of CRC. An increased expression of the TGF-
β pathway has been associated with poor prognosis in several cancer types, including CRC.

Methods:

Here, we describe the critical role of the TGF-β pathway in CRC as well as the preclinical and clinical
investigations on TGF-β inhibitors, with particular emphasis on recent findings with small-molecule inhibitors in
CRC. Several TGF-β inhibitors (e.g., Trabedersen, Galunisertib, Gradalis, PF-03446962, NIS793) have been
generated over the past decade for targeting this pathway.

Results:

There is accumulating evidence of the therapeutic potential of this and other TGF-β inhibitors for the
treatment of other malignancies. These inhibitors might be used in combination with chemotherapy as well as
with other biological agents, in order to overcome different resistance mechanisms. However, further studies are
needed to identify determinants of the activity of TGF-β inhibitors, through the analysis of genetic and environmental
alterations affecting TGF-β and parallel pro-cancer pathways.

Conclusion:

These studies will be critical to improving the efficacy and selectivity of current and future anticancer
strategies targeting TGF-β.
A COL4A5 Missense Variant in a Han-Chinese Family with X-linked Alport Syndrome
Authors: Wu Yuan , Guo Yi , Yuan Jinzhong , Xu Hongbo , Chen Yong , Zhang Hao , Yuan Mingyang , Deng Hao , Yuan Lamei
Published: November 2019

Background:

Alport syndrome (AS) is an inherited familial nephropathy, characterized by progressive hematuric nephritis, bilateral sensorineural hypoacusis and ocular abnormalities. X-linked AS (XLAS) is the major AS form and is clinically heterogeneous, and it is associated with defects in the collagen type IV alpha 5 chain gene (COL4A5).

Objective:

The purpose of this research is to detect the genetic defect responsible for renal disorder in a 3-generation Han-Chinese pedigree.

Methods:

Detailed family history and clinical data of the family members were collected and recorded. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was applied in the proband to screen potential genetic variants, and then Sanger sequencing was used to verify the variant within the family. Two hundred unrelated ethnically matched normal individuals (male/female: 100/100, age 37.5 ± 5.5 years) without renal disorder were recruited as controls.

Results:

Three patients (I:1, II:1 and II:2) presented microscopic hematuria and proteinuria, and the patient I:1 developed uremia and end stage renal disease (ESRD) by age 55 and showed sensorineural hearing loss. Patient II:2 developed mild left ear hearing loss. Cataracts were present in patients I:1 and II:1. A COL4A5 gene missense variant, c.2156G>A (p.G719E), located in the Gly-X-Y repeats of exon 28, was identified to co-segregate with the renal disorder in this family. The variant was absent in 200 ethnically matched controls.

Conclusion:

By conducting WES and Sanger sequencing, a COL4A5 missense variant, c.2156G>A (p.G719E), was identified to co-segregate with the renal disorder, and it is possible that this variant is the genetic cause of the disorder in this family. Our study may extend the mutation spectrum of XLAS and may be useful for genetic counseling of this family. Further functional studies associated with genetic deficiency are warranted in the following research.