bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of increasing land productivity on groundwater dynamics: a case study of an oasis located at the edge of the Gobi Desert
Authors: Lei Wu , Changbin Li , Xuhong Xie , Zhibin He , Wanrui Wang , Yuan Zhang , Jianmei Wei , Jianan Lv
Published: May 2020

Background

Intensification of agricultural systems may result in overexploitation of water resources in arid regions because enhanced productivity of crops is often associated with increased actual evapotranspiration (AET). The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of increased regional AET on the groundwater level in a case study of the oasis located within the Shiyang River Basin near the edge of the Gobi Desert.

Result

The results of the study show that regional AET increased during the period from 1981 to 2010 due to increasing oasis area and air temperature. The water losses due to AET exceeded the water supply from the mountainous discharges of the basin by the end of this period, leading to groundwater overexploitation in the oasis area.

Conclusions

This case study shows the importance of considering the effect of climate change on water losses associated with increasing agricultural production for the sustainable agricultural development of arid regions.
The differential expression of miRNAs between ovarian endometrioma and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer
Authors: Nakamura Natsuho , Terai Yoshito , Nunode Misa , Kokunai Kana , Konishi Hiromi , Taga Sayaka , Nakamura Mayumi , Yoo Masae , Hayashi Masami , Yamashita Yoshiki , Ohmichi Masahide
Published: May 2020

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated to play a vital role in development, differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, which miRNAs are actually associated with endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer remains controversial.

Methods

Serum and ascites samples were obtained from all patients. Serum samples from 5 cases of ovarian endometrioma and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer each were submitted for comprehensive miRNA microarray profiling. We investigated the differential expression of miRNAs between the two groups to confirm the pivotal role of miRNAs. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction validation of five selected miRNAs [miR-92a-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-4484, miR-6821-5p, and miR-7108-5p] was performed, and miR-486-5p expression analysis was followed by proliferation and wound healing assays, depending on the expression of miR-486-5p.

Result

miR-486-5p expression in serum and ascites samples from endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer patients was significantly higher than that from ovarian endometrioma patients. Moreover, the miR-486-5p level in serum and ascites samples was significantly correlated with the severity of the endometriosis. The upregulation of miR-486-5p in immortalized ovarian endometrioma cells significantly increased proliferation and migration. In contrast, the downregulation of miR-486-5p in these cells significantly decreased proliferation and migration.

Conclusion

miR-486-5p might function as an oncogenic miRNA in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer and could be a noninvasive biomarker to prospect the severity of ovarian endometrioma.
Active surveillance of small renal masses
Authors: Sebastià Carmen , Corominas Daniel , Musquera Mireia , Paño Blanca , Ajami Tarek , Nicolau Carlos
Published: May 2020

Most renal masses incidentally detected by cross-sectional images are benign, being mainly cysts, and if they are malignant, they are indolent in nature with limited metastatic potential. Enhanced renal masses less than 4 cm in size are known as small renal masses (SRMs), and their growth rate (GR) and the possibility of developing metastasis are extremely low. Delayed intervention of SRMs by closed and routine imaging follow-up known as active surveillance (AS) is now an option according to urological guidelines. Radiologists have a key position in AS management of SRMs even unifocal and multifocal (sporadic or associated with genetic syndromes) and also in the follow-up of complex renal cysts by Bosniak cyst classification system. Radiologists play a key role in the AS of both unifocal and multifocal (sporadic or associated with genetic syndromes) SRMs as well as in the follow-up of complex renal cysts using the Bosniak cyst classification system. Indeed, radiologists must determine which patients with SRMs or complex renal cysts can be included in AS, establish the follow-up radiological test algorithm to be used in different scenarios, perform measurements in follow-up tests, and decide when AS should be discontinued. The purpose of this article is to review the indications and management of AS in SRMs, especially focused on specific scenarios, such as complex renal cysts and multifocal renal tumors (sporadic or hereditary). In this work, the authors aimed to provide a thorough review of imaging in the context of active surveillance of renal masses.
Diagnostic stability in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder, a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Laursen Mathilde Frahm , Licht Rasmus W. , Correll Christoph U. , Kallehauge Tobias , Christensen Ann-Eva , Rodrigo-Domingo Maria , Nielsen René Ernst
Published: May 2020

Background

Diagnostic stability of bipolar disorder (BD) in children and adolescents, beyond the first contact has been investigated sparsely. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic stability of BD in children and adolescents using over two decades of nationwide register-based data, and to examine factors associated with change from BD to schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20.x), schizoaffective disorder (ICD-10: F25.x) or other primary psychotic disorders (ICD-10 F23.x–24.x and F28.x–29.x).

Methods

Danish register-based data for all incident BD patients diagnosed prior to age 18 years, between January 1st 1995 and December 31st 2014 (N = 519). We graphically illustrated diagnostic change at different follow-up times and studied variables associated with diagnostic change after 3-year follow-up using Poisson regression with robust standard error estimates.

Results

The diagnosis of incident BD was relatively stable. The diagnosis did not change for 93% of those followed for at least 6 months, and remained unchanged for 86% and 73% of those followed at least 3 years and 10 years, respectively. In patients followed for at least 3 years after index BD (N = 478), the risk of diagnostic change was 61% higher in males versus females. The risk of diagnostic change for patients diagnosed during hospitalization was 74% higher compared to patients diagnosed at outpatient clinics/emergency rooms. The risk of diagnostic change for patients abusing substances other than alcohol and cannabis was 173% higher compared to patients not abusing such substances. The risk of diagnostic change for patients previously diagnosed with schizophrenia or related diagnosis was 257% higher compared to patients not having been diagnosed with such diagnosis previously, while the risk of diagnostic change in offspring of parents with schizophrenia or related diagnosis was 126% higher compared to patients who did not have parents diagnosed with such disorders.

Conclusion

Overall, the stability of the BD diagnosis in the Danish nationwide healthcare registers was high. Factors associated with risk of diagnostic change within 3 years of the initial diagnosis were being male, diagnosis given during hospitalization, substance abuse other than alcohol and cannabis, and a prior diagnosis of schizophrenia or related diagnosis in the patient or in their parents.
Personality traits, emotional intelligence and decision-making styles in Lebanese universities medical students
Authors: El Othman Radwan , El Othman Rola , Hallit Rabih , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil
Published: May 2020

Background

This study aims to assess the impact of personality traits on emotional intelligence (EI) and decision-making among medical students in Lebanese Universities and to evaluate the potential mediating role-played by emotional intelligence between personality traits and decision-making styles in this population.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted between June and December 2019 on 296 general medicine students.

Results

Higher extroversion was associated with lower rational decision-making style, whereas higher agreeableness and conscientiousness were significantly associated with a higher rational decision-making style. More extroversion and openness to experience were significantly associated with a higher intuitive style, whereas higher agreeableness and conscientiousness were significantly associated with lower intuitive style. More agreeableness and conscientiousness were significantly associated with a higher dependent decision-making style, whereas more openness to experience was significantly associated with less dependent decision-making style. More agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism were significantly associated with less spontaneous decision-making style. None of the personality traits was significantly associated with the avoidant decision-making style. Emotional intelligence seemed to fully mediate the association between conscientiousness and intuitive decision-making style by 38% and partially mediate the association between extroversion and openness to experience with intuitive decision-making style by 49.82 and 57.93% respectively.

Conclusion

Our study suggests an association between personality traits and decision-making styles. The results suggest that EI showed a significant positive effect on intuitive decision-making style and a negative effect on avoidant and dependent decision-making styles. Additionally, our study underlined the role of emotional intelligence as a mediator factor between personality traits (namely conscientiousness, openness, and extroversion) and decision-making styles.
Monocyte distribution width enhances early sepsis detection in the emergency department beyond SIRS and qSOFA
Authors: Crouser Elliott D. , Parrillo Joseph E. , Martin Greg S. , Huang David T. , Hausfater Pierre , Grigorov Ilya , Careaga Diana , Osborn Tiffany , Hasan Mohamad , Tejidor Liliana
Published: May 2020

Background

The initial presentation of sepsis in the emergency department (ED) is difficult to distinguish from other acute illnesses based upon similar clinical presentations. A new blood parameter, a measurement of increased monocyte volume distribution width (MDW), may be used in combination with other clinical parameters to improve early sepsis detection. We sought to determine if MDW, when combined with other available clinical parameters at the time of ED presentation, improves the early detection of sepsis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected clinical data available during the initial ED encounter of 2158 adult patients who were enrolled from emergency departments of three major academic centers, of which 385 fulfilled Sepsis-2 criteria, and 243 fulfilled Sepsis-3 criteria within 12 h of admission. Sepsis probabilities were determined based on MDW values, alone or in combination with components of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score obtained during the initial patient presentation (i.e., within 2 h of ED admission).

Results

Abnormal MDW (> 20.0) consistently increased sepsis probability, and normal MDW consistently reduced sepsis probability when used in combination with SIRS criteria (tachycardia, tachypnea, abnormal white blood count, or body temperature) or qSOFA criteria (tachypnea, altered mental status, but not hypotension). Overall, and regardless of other SIRS or qSOFA variables, MDW > 20.0 (vs. MDW ≤ 20.0) at the time of the initial ED encounter was associated with an approximately 6-fold increase in the odds of Sepsis-2, and an approximately 4-fold increase in the odds of Sepsis-3.

Conclusions

MDW improves the early detection of sepsis during the initial ED encounter and is complementary to SIRS and qSOFA parameters that are currently used for this purpose. This study supports the incorporation of MDW with other readily available clinical parameters during the initial ED encounter for the early detection of sepsis.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03145428. First posted May 9, 2017. The first subjects were enrolled June 19, 2017, and the study completion date was January 26, 2018.
Practical issues and limitations of brain attenuation correction on a simultaneous PET-MR scanner
Authors: Mackewn J. E. , Stirling J. , Jeljeli S. , Gould S-M. , Johnstone R. I. , Merida I. , Pike L. C. , McGinnity C. J. , Beck K. , Howes O. , Hammers A. , Marsden P. K.
Published: May 2020

Background

Despite the advent of clinical PET-MR imaging for routine use in 2011 and the development of several methods to address the problem of attenuation correction, some challenges remain. We have identified and investigated several issues that might affect the reliability and accuracy of current attenuation correction methods when these are implemented for clinical and research studies of the brain. These are (1) the accuracy of converting CT Hounsfield units, obtained from an independently acquired CT scan, to 511 keV linear attenuation coefficients; (2) the effect of padding used in the MR head coil; (3) the presence of close-packed hair; (4) the effect of headphones. For each of these, we have examined the effect on reconstructed PET images and evaluated practical mitigating measures.

Results

Our major findings were (1) for both Siemens and GE PET-MR systems, CT data from either a Siemens or a GE PET-CT scanner may be used, provided the conversion to 511 keV μ-map is performed by the PET-MR vendor’s own method, as implemented on their PET-CT scanner; (2) the effect of the head coil pads is minimal; (3) the effect of dense hair in the field of view is marked (> 10% error in reconstructed PET images); and (4) using headphones and not including them in the attenuation map causes significant errors in reconstructed PET images, but the risk of scanning without them may be acceptable following sound level measurements.

Conclusions

It is important that the limitations of attenuation correction in PET-MR are considered when designing research and clinical PET-MR protocols in order to enable accurate quantification of brain PET scans. Whilst the effect of pads is not significant, dense hair, the use of headphones and the use of an independently acquired CT-scan can all lead to non-negligible effects on PET quantification. Although seemingly trivial, these effects add complications to setting up protocols for clinical and research PET-MR studies that do not occur with PET-CT. In the absence of more sophisticated PET-MR brain attenuation correction, the effect of all of the issues above can be minimised if the pragmatic approaches presented in this work are followed.
A critical review speculating on the protective efficacies of autogenous Streptococcus suis bacterins as used in Europe
Authors: Rieckmann Karoline , Pendzialek Sophia-Mareike , Vahlenkamp Thomas , Baums Christoph G.
Published: May 2020

Background

Streptococcus (S.) suis is a major porcine pathogen causing high morbidity worldwide. This includes well-managed herds with high hygiene standards. In Europe, no licensed vaccine is available. As practitioners are obliged to reduce the use of antibiotics, autogenous S. suis vaccines have become very popular in Europe.

Main body

Autogenous vaccines (AV) are generally neither tested for safety, immunogenicity nor protective efficacy, which leads to substantial uncertainties regarding control of disease and return on investment. Here, S. suis publications are reviewed that include important data on epidemiology, pathologies and bacterin vaccination relevant for the use of AV in the field. Differences between herds such as the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection status and the impact of specific S. suis pathotypes are probably highly relevant for the outcome of immunoprophylaxis using autogenous S. suis bacterins. Thus, a profound diagnosis of the herd status is crucial for management of expectations and successful implementation of AV as a tool to control S. suis disease. Induction of opsonizing antibodies is an in vitro correlate of protective immunity elicited by S. suis bacterins. However, opsonophagocytosis assays are difficult to include in the portfolio of diagnostic services.

Conclusion

Autogenous S. suis bacterins are associated with limitations and risks of failure, which can partly be managed through improvement of diagnostics.
An update on eating disorders
Authors: Morris Jane , Anderson Stephen
Published: May 2020

Eating disorders are heterogeneous disorders characterised by a maladaptive drive to lose weight and, for the most part, by extreme fear of weight gain and overvaluation of thin body image. Calorie restriction, overexercise and purging behaviours put some sufferers at high risk of physical morbidity and mortality. Mental preoccupations interfere with social, professional and general quality of life. Patients’ defensive secrecy and compulsivity can make it hard to diagnose and treat such disorders despite the suffering they involve. Integrated medical and psychiatric intervention can save life and safely improve nutrition. Behavioural support – with family and carer involvement when appropriate – can counter the dysregulation that leads to vicious cycles of restriction–binge–purge, helping patients develop new skills to regulate emotion without weight losing. In the future, exciting developments in neuroimaging, neurosurgery and pharmacology may lead to ways to make the brain more responsive to therapy. Insights into risk factors may also improve preventive strategies in a climate of highly sophisticated international electronic communication.
Considerations for Managing Patients With Hematologic Malignancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Seattle Strategy
Authors: Percival Mary-Elizabeth M. , Lynch Ryan C. , Halpern Anna B. , Shadman Mazyar , Cassaday Ryan D. , Ujjani Chaitra , Shustov Andrei , Tseng Yolanda D. , Liu Catherine , Pergam Steven , Libby Edward N. , Scott Bart L. , Smith Stephen D. , Green Damian J. , Gopal Ajay K. , Cowan Andrew J.
Published: May 2020

In January 2020, the first documented patient in the United States infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was diagnosed in Washington State. Since that time, community spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the state has changed the practice of oncologic care at our comprehensive cancer center in Seattle. At the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, the primary oncology clinic for the University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Consortium, our specialists who manage adult patients with hematologic malignancies have rapidly adjusted clinical practices to mitigate the potential risks of COVID-19 to our patients. We suggest that our general management decisions and modifications in Seattle are broadly applicable to patients with hematologic malignancies. Despite a rapidly changing environment that necessitates opinion-based care, we provide recommendations that are based on best available data from clinical trials and collective knowledge of disease states.
Suggested Curricular Guidelines for Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine in Family Medicine Residency Training
Authors: Brennan Fred H. , Rao Ashwin L. , Myers Rebecca A. , Ferderber Megan , Marcussen Britt , Mansfield Linda , Miller Emily M. , Spittler Jack , Sylvester Jillian
Published: May 2020

Patients often seek care from a family physician when they have a musculoskeletal injury or sport-related ailment. Family physicians must be adequately trained to provide this care. While general guidance is provided by the Accreditation Counsel for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) it is left up to the individual programs to develop, implement, and execute their orthopedic and sports medicine curriculums. The American Academy of Family Physicians' (AAFP) Recommended Curriculum Guideline for Family Medicine Residents — Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine provides a basic outline format for curriculum content and reference resources. The aim of this article is to elaborate on those training requirements and help programs to develop a curriculum implementation plan that will deliver a baseline level of competence for family medicine trainees.
Patient-centered benefit-risk analysis of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Marsh Kevin , Hawken Natalia , Brookes Ella , Kuehn Carrie , Liden Barry
Published: May 2020

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) treatments include surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Choosing between SAVR and TAVR requires patients to trade-off  benefits and risks. The objective of this research was to determine which  TAVR and SAVR outcomes patients consider important, collect quantitative data about how patients weigh benefits and risks, and evaluate patients’ preferences for SAVR or TAVR.

Methods: Patients  were recruited from advocacy organization databases. Patients self-reported as being diagnosed with AS, and as either having received AS treatment or as experiencing AS-related physical activity limitations. An online adapted swing weighting (ASW) method – a pairwise comparison of attributes – was used to elicit attribute tradeoffs from 219 patients. Survey data were used to estimate patients’ weights for AS treatment attributes, which were incorporated into a quantitative benefit-risk analysis (BRA) to evaluate patients’ preferences for TAVR and SAVR.

Results: On average, patients put greater value on attributes that favored TAVR than SAVR. Patients’ valuation of the lower mortality rate, reduced procedural invasiveness, and quicker time to return to normal quality of life associated with TAVR, offset their valuation of the time over which SAVR has been proven to work. There was substantial heterogeneity in patients’ preferences. This was partly explained by age, with differences in preference observed between patients <60 years to those ≥60 years. A Monte Carlo Simulation found that 79.5% of patients prefer TAVR.

Conclusions: Most AS patients are willing to tolerate sizable increases in clinical risk in exchange for the benefits of TAVR, resulting in a large proportion of patients preferring TAVR to SAVR. Further work should be undertaken to characterize the heterogeneity in preferences for AS treatment attributes. Shared decision-making tools based on attributes important to patients can support patients’ selection of the procedure that best meets their needs.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО МИФОЛОГИЗМА В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ РИКА РАЙОРДАНА
Authors: Temkina Vera L’vovna , Muhamedvalieva Al’fina Shafhatovna
Published: May 2020

Цель. Статья посвящена средствам отражения античного мира в современной англоязычной художественной прозе. Цель исследования заключается в анализе особенностей использования художественного мифологизма в серии книг Рика Райордана «Percy Jackson and the Olympians».Методы исследования включают в себя анализ научной литературы, метод сплошной выборки материала, метод лингвистического описания данных с элементами экстралингвистической интерпретации фактов языка и контекстуального анализа.Результаты. Изучив исследования значения художественного мифологизма и рассмотрев особенности его использования в произведениях Рика Райордана, мы пришли к выводу, что для лучшего выражения своих идей автор сочетает разные типы художественного мифологизма, которые дополняют друг друга.Область применения результатов. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты могут быть применены в курсах литературоведения, стилистики, интерпретации художественного текста.
Protegiendo a la montaña, despojando al campesino. Tensiones por el ordenamiento territorial en Viotá (Cundinamarca, Colombia)
Authors: Guerrero García Paula Kamila
Published: May 2020

Este artículo aborda el conflicto territorial surgido entre las comunidades campesinas caficultoras de Viotá (Cundinamarca, Colombia) y el Estado a raíz de las decisiones de ordenamiento territorial. En Colombia, el ordenamiento territorial institucional encuentra grandes dificultades de implementación debido al desconocimiento de las formas de vida y de los ordenamientos locales que se dan en el territorio. A través de relatos etnográficos, recorridos y entrevistas con los campesinos, se evidencia cómo el desencuentro entre las formas institucionales de manejo del territorio y las prácticas y sentidos de las comunidades campesinas generan conflictos territoriales que modifican las formas en que los campesinos se relacionan con el espacio habitado, que se tornan en grandes desafíos para su ordenamiento y gestan movimientos organizativos en torno a la gestión autónoma del territorio, su defensa y la de las formas de vida campesinas.
Semi-liner Shipping Service Design
Authors: Wang Yadong , Meng Qiang
Published: May 2020

Semi-liner shipping transports various types of cargo, such as containers, break-bulk cargo, and heavy-lift project cargo, between different ports. Similar to liner shipping, semi-liner shipping publishes shipping routes for customers’ reference. However, it does not strictly follow the published route and usually makes some adjustments for each ship voyage by adding some port calls to transport more cargo considering the excess ship capacity. This study first proposes the semi-liner shipping service design (SLSSD) problem that aims to maximize the shipping profit by determining a shipping route subject to the potential adjustments. The proposed SLSSD problem is subsequently formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed integer programming model with integer recourse variables. The first stage determines the visit sequence of a set of compulsory ports under shipping demand uncertainty. The second stage decides whether to add or remove some ports in the route in view of the realized shipping demand for each ship voyage. To effectively solve the model, two decomposition methods are developed, namely, the stage decomposition method and the scenario decomposition method, that decompose the problem by stage and demand scenario, respectively. In addition, two novel acceleration techniques are also provided to expedite the scenario decomposition method. Numerical experiments reveal satisfactory efficiency of these two methods to solve the semi-liner shipping service design problem, especially the scenario decomposition method, which is generally better than the stage decomposition method and can be thousands of times faster than the classic branch-and-cut algorithm.
A Policy-Sensitive Model of Parking Choice for Commercial Vehicles in Urban Areas
Authors: Chiara Giacomo Dalla , Cheah Lynette , Azevedo Carlos Lima , Ben-Akiva Moshe E.
Published: May 2020

Understanding factors that drive the parking choice of commercial vehicles at delivery stops in cities can enhance logistics operations and the management of freight parking infrastructure, mitigate illegal parking, and ultimately reduce traffic congestion. In this paper, we focus on this decision-making process at large urban freight traffic generators, such as retail malls and transit terminals, that attract a large share of urban commercial vehicle traffic. Existing literature on parking behavior modeling has focused on passenger vehicles. This paper presents a discrete choice model for commercial vehicle parking choice in urban areas. The model parameters were estimated by using detailed, real-world data on commercial vehicle parking choices collected in two commercial urban areas in Singapore. The model analyzes the effect of several variables on the parking behavior of commercial vehicle drivers, including the presence of congestion and queueing, attitudes toward illegal parking, and pricing (parking fees). The model was validated against real data and applied within a discrete-event simulation to test the economic and environmental impacts of several parking measures, including pricing strategies and parking enforcement.
Optomechanical probe of an axial-vector mediated interaction in the quantum regime
Authors: Chen Lei , Liu Jian , Zhu Ka Di
Published: May 2020

We present an atomic, molecular, and optical physics based method to search for axial-vector mediated dipole-dipole interaction between electrons. In our optomechanical scheme, applying a static magnetic field and a pump beam and a probe beam to a hybrid mechanical system composed of a nitrogen-vacancy center and a cantilever resonator, we could obtain a probe absorption spectrum. Based on the study of the relationship between this spectrum and the exotic dipole-dipole interaction, we put forward our detection principle and then provide a prospective constraint most stringent at a rough interaction range from 4 × 10−8 to 2 × 10−7m. Our results indicate that this scheme could be put into consideration in relevant experimental searches.
Fast calculation of computer-generated hologram of line-drawn objects without FFT
Authors: Nishitsuji Takashi , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi , Kakue Takashi , Ito Tomoyoshi
Published: May 2020

Although holographic display technology is one of the most promising three-dimensional (3D) display technologies for virtual and augmented reality, the enormous computational effort required to produce computer-generated holograms (CGHs) to digitally record and display 3D images presents a significant roadblock to the implementation of this technology. One of the most effective methods to implement fast CGH calculations is a diffraction calculation (e.g., angular spectrum diffraction) based on the fast-Fourier transform (FFT). Unfortunately, the computational complexity increases with increasing CGH resolution, which is what determines the size of a 3D image. Therefore, enormous calculations are still required to display a reasonably sized 3D image, even for a simple 3D image. To address this issue, we propose herein a fast CGH algorithm for 3D objects comprised of line-drawn objects at layers of different depths. An aperture formed from a continuous line at a single depth can be regarded as a series of aligned point sources of light, and the wavefront converges for a sufficiently long line. Thus, a CGH of a line-drawn object can be calculated by synthesizing converged wavefronts along the line. Numerical experiments indicate that, compared with the FFT-based method, the proposed method offers a factor-56 gain in speed for calculating 16-k-resolution CGHs from 3D objects composed of twelve line-drawn objects at different depths.
Parametric study of optical transmission through plasmonic hole arrays modulated by the phase transition of vanadium dioxide
Authors: Donev Eugenii U. , Hart Francis X. , Nkurunziza Bertrand Irakoze , Bertschinger Kevin , Zhang Jinlin , Suh Jae Yong
Published: May 2020

We have performed comprehensive electromagnetic simulations and preliminary experiments to explore the effects of geometrical and material parameters on the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through periodic arrays of subwavelength holes in a bilayer stack consisting of a gold or silver film atop a vanadium dioxide film (Au/Ag + VO2), where the latter undergoes a semiconductor-to-metal phase transition. Using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and finite-element methods (FEM), we vary iteratively the array periodicity, VO2 film thickness and hole diameters, as well as the refractive index inside the VO2-layer holes and the VO2 optical constants. For each variation, we compare the metallic-to-semiconducting ratios of the zero-order transmission (T00) peaks and find sharp maxima in these ratios within narrow parameter ranges. The maxima arise from Fabry-Perot and Fano-type resonances that minimize T00 in the semiconducting phase of the perforated bilayers. At a fixed array period, the primary factors controlling the VO2-enabled EOT modulation are the VO2 thickness, diameter of the VO2-layer holes, and absorption in the two VO2 phases. Besides uncovering the origins of the higher metallic-phase T00, this study provides a protocol for optimizing the performance of the bilayer hole arrays for potential uses as dynamically tunable nano-optical devices.
Toward direct optical excitation of excitonic many-body effects using intense thermal states
Authors: Smith Ryan P. , Martin Eric W. , Kira Mackillo , Cundiff Steven T.
Published: May 2020

Quantum spectroscopy in solids directly detects nonlinear changes created exclusively by quantum fluctuations of light. So far, it has been realized only by projecting a large set of measurements with a coherent-state laser to a specific quantum-light response. We present two complementary experimental approaches to realize intense and ultrafast thermal-state sources. We investigate the effects of continuous excitation from a superluminescent diode (SLD) as well as an ensemble-averaging technique using phase-modulated pulses. By measuring excitonic nonlinearities in gallium arsenide, we demonstrate that the experimentally realized thermal-state source produces significantly reduced many-body nonlinearities compared to a coherent-state excitation. We also review experimental approaches toward future realization of quantum spectroscopy with thermal states.
Entangled photographers: Agents and actants in preschoolers’ photography talk
Authors: Rissanen Mari-Jatta
Published: May 2020

Photographs taken by young children have engendered a growing amount of research across diverse academic disciplines. Photographs have been used as visual data for analysing for example children’s social relations and well-being. However, only a few studies have addressed the photographic practices of young children as means for them to explore, imagine and coexist with the surrounding world. In this article, I introduce a case study that draws on research from art education and sociology of childhood. The data were gathered in a photography workshop in a Finnish early childhood education and care centre, where fourteen preschoolers discussed their photographs inspired by contemporary Finnish art photography. In order to expose diverse human and material actors and their interactions in preschoolers’ photography talk, I applied Bruno Latour’s actor-network-theory. Thus, preschoolers’ photography is seen as a practice of visual meaning-making wherein agency is distributed among several actors.
Patients with Chemical Dependence: Sociodemographic and Clinical Profile
Authors: Martins Fabiana Gonçalves Pinheiro , Veras Helenicy Nogueira Holanda , Coelho José Leonardo Gomes , Malta Júnior Alberto , Saraiva Emanuela Machado Silva , Santana Willma José de , Rangel Francisca Eritânia Passos
Published: May 2020

The study aimed to delineate the clinical and sociodemographic profile of patients treated at the Psychosocial Care Center Alcohol and other Drugs. This is a descriptive, documentary, retrospective and exploratory research conducted in the city of Crato-CE, based on  CAPS AD, and using as a data collection instrument a table containing information necessary for the study of 60 patient records. It was observed that the majority of patients were men (70%), single (47%), incomplete elementary school (42%), unemployed (66%) and low income (45%). The association of alcohol and cigarettes (50%) was the most common and the most used drugs were antidepressants (69%) and antipsychotics (17%). It was concluded that the performance of professionals is extremely relevant in the treatment of chemical dependence reducing the recurrence of patients. Keywords: Mental health. Medical records. Psychopharmaceuticals.
The Matching Status Between Donor and Recipient Hepatitis B Seroepidemiology Makes a Difference in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lu Di , Yang Fan , Zhuo Jianyong , Yang Modan , Lin Zuyuan , Jin Pingbo , Cai Xuechun , Cen Beini , Wang Jianguo , Wei Xuyong , Zheng Shusen , Xu Xiao
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb) is known to be related with the prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to evaluate the prognostic capacity of HbcAb and other donor/recipient hepatitis B seroepidemiological indexes in transplantation for HCC.

METHODS:

Based on the national liver transplant registry, we analyzed the prognostic capacity of HBcAb in liver transplantation for patients with HCC of different etiological backgrounds. The hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC cohort was further studied regarding donor/recipient hepatitis B seroepidemiology, and then divided into a training cohort (n = 1,222) and a validation cohort (n = 611) to develop a pretransplant recurrence-risk predicting nomogram.

RESULTS:

Positive HbcAb in recipients was related to an increased risk of post-transplant tumor recurrence in HBV-related (n = 1,833, P = 0.007), HCV-related (n = 79, P = 0.037), and non-B non-C HCC (n = 313, P = 0.017). In HBV-related HCC (n = 1,833), donor hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) was also associated with post-transplant tumor recurrence (P = 0.020). Multivariate analysis showed that the matching status of recipient HbcAb and donor HbsAg (MSHB) was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.017). HbcAb-positive recipients matched with HbsAg-positive donors displayed the worst post-transplant outcomes (P < 0.001). In the training cohort (n = 1,222), a risk-predicting nomogram was established based on α-fetoprotein, Milan criteria, and MSHB. The model showed excellent prognostic capacity and safely expanded Milan criteria in both training and validation cohorts (P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

Positive HbcAb in recipients increases the risk of post-transplant tumor recurrence in HCC with different etiological backgrounds. The nomogram based on MSHB is effective in predicting tumor recurrence after transplantation for HBV-related HCC.
Processing Technology of Feed Wafer to Increase Feed Production and Efficiency
Authors: Retnani Yuli , Barkah N N , Saenab A , Taryati .
Published: May 2020

Feed is one of the important factor that affect livestock productivity, so the availability of good quality feed is a requirement for livestock development in an area. In the tropical area, providing forage as a crucial feed for ruminants was hampered by fluctuating seasons. Likewise, the availability of agricultural waste as an alternative source of feed material experiences the same constraints, easily damaged, and bulky (voluminous). Therefore, feed processing technology is needed so that it is become durable, easily stored, and easily provided for livestock. One way to overcome this is to utilize technology for making wafers. Information regarding technology for making animal feed wafers in Indonesia is still limited. This paper reviews a number of studies that discuss the development of wafer processing technology, types of wafers, the main components of wafer compilers, wafer manufacturing processes, reactions that occur during wafer manufacturing, nutrient quality of various wafers, and the results of research on the use of wafers for feed livestock. Wafers are feeds that are processed using heat and pressure, so that a solid, compact, and high density product is formed. Feed wafer technology is a modification of cube and block feed. Wafers are divided into feed wafers, feed supplement wafers, and complete feed wafers. Feed wafers can be used instead of concentrates. Feed supplement wafers are high in energy and protein. Complete feed wafers contain energy, protein, fiber, and complete minerals that have been adapted to the daily nutritional needs of livestock. Feed wafer processing technology can be one of the strategies to provide feed with a constant composition of nutrients throughout the season and increase production and feed efficiency.
Revue illustrée des principales indications de CBCT en orthodontie.
Authors: Olszewski Raphael , Theys Stéphanie , Perez Eytan , Wisniewska Katarzyna , Wisniewski Marcin
Published: May 2020

Cette revue illustrée porte sur les principales indications actuellement recommandées dans la littérature d’utilisation du cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) en orthodontie.

Il s’agit des anomalies dentaires, des canines incluses, des dents surnuméraires, des troubles de l’éruption et des résorptions radiculaires externes liées aux traitements orthodontiques.

L’examen CBCT doit être justifié individuellement, au cas par cas, et de pouvoir apporter un bénéfice au patient en terme de diagnostic et/ou de traitement orthodontique.

L’orthodontiste prescripteur doit être capable d’interpréter et est responsable de l’interprétation de tout ce qui est visible sur l’ensemble du champs de vue du CBCT.
Identifikasi Pepper vein yellows virus yang Berasosiasi dengan Penyakit Yellow Vein Banding pada Tanaman Mentimun di Bali
Authors: Nyana I Dewa Nyoman , Lestariningsih M. Tinny , Adnyani Ni Nengah Putri , Suastika Gede
Published: May 2020

Yellowing vein banding disease has been reported infecting cucurbit plants in Bali since 2014. Similar vein banding symptom on chilli pepper was observed previously, and early diagnosis indicated infection of Polerovirus. The objective of this research was to confirm the presence of Polerovirus infection on cucumber plant showing yellow vein banding symptom in Bali. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction – based detection method was conducted using specific primer pairs PeVYV-CP-F-BamH1/ PeVYV-CP-R-Pst1followed by sequencing and nucleotide sequence analysis.  Specific DNA fragments of ± 650 bp was successfully amplified from field samples.  Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the sequence has the highest similarity > 95% with Pepper vein yellow virus (PeVYV) infecting chili pepper from Indonesia (Bali, and Rembang), Japan, and Greece.
Pengendalian Colletotrichum spp. Terbawa Benih Cabai dengan Paparan Gelombang Mikro
Authors: Najah Lilih Naelun , Suhartanto Mohamad Rahmad , Widodo Widodo
Published: May 2020

Seed treatment using microwave has been reported as an effective and efficient method to control seed borne pathogens of chili pepper.  The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of microwave irradiation treatment to suppress seedborne Colletotrichum spp. while maintaining physiological quality of chili’s seed.  First experiment was aimed to select the best condition for seed germination, and was done in completely randomized design with three levels of water content (4.31%, 6.33%, and 8.25%).  The second experiment was aimed to determine the best condition for disease suppression, and was done in completely randomized design with different levels of microwave irradiation duration (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds) using the best seed water content level from the first experiment.  Application of systemic fungicide with benomyl as active ingredient (0.5 g L-1) was done as check treatment.  Four major species of Colletotrichum was found from chili’s seed, i.e. C. acutatum, C. capsici, C. gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum sp. with C. acutatum as the predominant species.  The best water content level for microwave treatment was 4.31%. The most effective treatment was microwave irradiation duration for 40 seconds with efficacy rate of 64.5% for controlling seedborne C. acutatum on chili pepper.
Cendawan Endofit yang Potensial Meningkatkan Ketahanan Cabai Merah terhadap Penyakit Layu Bakteri
Authors: Irawati Ana Feronika Cindra , Sastro Yudi , Sulastri Sulastri , Suhartono Maggy Tenawidjaja , Mutaqin Kikin Hamzah , Widodo Widodo
Published: May 2020

Ralstonia solanacearum has been known to cause bacterial wilt disease on chili pepper.  Despite many reports on the potential use of endophytic fungi to induce plant resistance, its utilization to suppress bacterial wilt disease of chili has not been widely reported.  The aims of this research was to screen potential endophytic fungi that may increase chili resistance against bacterial wilt disease.  Selection of endophytic fungi was done using in vivo and antibiosis test. Strains of fungi were considered the most potent in suppressing the development of bacterial wilt in chilli were identified. Ten out of 62 isolates of endophytic fungi gave the highest suppression on chilli’s bacterial wilt disease.  Most strains of endophytic fungi were able to suppress the development of bacterial wilt disease, but not always positively correlated to the vegetative and generative growth of chilli. Based on the level of disease intensity and the growth of plants were obtained three strains of endophytic fungi that considered potentially suppress the incidence of bacterial wilt disease.  The three isolates was identified as Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli (AC-2.13 and AC-4.4) and Trichoderma asperellum (AC-3.18) using morphology and molecular characters. Although all three selected isolates were able to suppress bacterial wilt disease in this study, but application of F. solani f.sp. phaseoli should be considered in practical use since it is generally known as the causal agent of root rot disease of beans
Utilization of Rubber seed shell and Palm Oil Fronds as Composite Materials for Automotive Industry
Authors: Syafri Rahmadini , Chairil Chairil , Pratama Muhammad Rizqi , Alfayed Muhammad , Febriani Kardina , Saputra Hardi Rahayu
Published: May 2020

Rubber seed shell (RSS) and Palm Oil Fronds (POF) are types of solid waste produced from rubber and palm oil plantation that has not been fully utilized. Meanwhile, in the automotive industry, composites have been the material of choice in some of its components. For example, composite body panels have been widely used in sports cars and passenger cars. This study aimed to utilize RSS powder and POF fiber waste as reinforcing fillers for the composite matrix. The matrix used was liquid polyester resin with the addition of catalyst as a hardener. RSS, which has been carbonized, was then activated using H2SO4 while POF fiber was pre-treated with 5% NaOH, then characterized both fillers by FTIR and SEM. Composites filled by RSS and POF in 4 variations were tested for mechanical properties with matrix composites without fillers as controls. FTIR testing of RSS carbonized powder found that carbonyl group consisting of tar compounds and remnants of carbon dioxide compounds that lost after activation with the H2SO4 solution. Meanwhile in POF fibers found that carbonyl group consisted of lignin and hemicellulose disappear after pre-treatment by 5% NaOH. SEM testing of RSS and POF fillers showed changes in surface morphology. The RSS and POF surface became coarser and porous, and the fibrils of POF fiber more obvious. The mechanical properties showed that the optimum result obtained in the composition of Matrix/POF/RSS (92.5/2.5/5).