bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ingesta dietética de ácidos grasos Omega 3, 6 y 9 en adultos de Panamá
Authors: Rios-Castillo Israel
Published: January 2023

La investigación tuvo como objetivo el determinar la ingesta dietética de ácidos grasos Omega 3, 6 y 9 en adultos de Panamá. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 316 personas de ambos sexos, entre los 18 y 50 años. Se aplicó un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo semi-cuantitativo de alimentos en línea por dos meses. Los datos sociodemográficos también se recopilaron mediante un formulario de Google a través de Internet. La ingesta fue estimada utilizando la tabla de composición de ácidos grasos de Costa Rica y modelos de porciones de alimentos fuentes de estos ácidos grasos. La mediana y rango intercuartiles para el consumo diario de Omega-3 fue de 0.89 (1.22) g/día; de Omega-6 de 12.56 (16.78) g/día; y de Omega-9 de 16.23 (18.54) g/día. Las carnes y derivados, así como los aceites y grasas son las principales fuentes de ácidos grasos Omega-3, 6 y 9 de la dieta, siendo Omega-3 de 1.15 (2.16) g/día, Omega-6 de 53.93 (101.13) g/día y Omega-9 de 39.32 (68.26) g/día para aceites; y, Omega-3 de 1.44 (1.32) g/día, Omega-6 de 14.78 (14.93) g/día y Omega-9 de 38.73 (37.12) g/día, para carnes. La mediana de la razón de consumo de Omega-6/Omega-3 fue de 15.2:1 g/día; para Omega-9/Omega-3 fue de 23.5:1 g/día; y para Omega-9/Omega-6 fue de 1.27:1 g/día. En conclusión, se observa un bajo consumo de Omega-3 y alto consumo de Omega-6 y Omega 9; sobre todo en el interior del país y en niveles de educación más bajo.
Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Immunocompromised Patients- A Detailed Review
Authors: Vijayan Rupalakshmi , Zulfiqar Ayesha , Carlos Nunes Fernanda Rodrigues , Paiva Bueno Pedro Gabriel , Nagpal Shavy , Ambadapoodi Raghava , Rahman China , Own Khraisat Samia Islam , Ghanim Mohammad J , Lippmann Steve
Published: January 2023

Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been stressful for everyone across the globe and even more so for the immunocompromised population, bringing with it an enormous emotional impact on their lives. Fear and anxiety regarding this novel disease created a state of panic among the public. The aim was to review published cases of COVID-19 and to discuss pandemic related anxiety and stress in immunocompromised populations and describe their presentations, diagnostic processes, clinical characteristics and outcomes. Methods: Using specific keywords a review of scientific literature was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar including systematic reviews, meta-analysis, case series, and case reports. Of 35 articles, 22 studies were reviewed. Results: Of the 22 studies involved, a few of the studies had significant data. Among 603 ovarian cancer patients, 88.6% were worried, 51.4% anxious, and 26.5% depressed due to COVID-19 related delay in care. Among 167 people living with HIV patients, 25% reported generalized anxiety disorder. In another cross-sectional study with 500 respondents, anxiety (aOR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.25–2.40, p-value = 0.001), depression and anxiety (aOR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.28–2.53, p-value <0.001), and mental health deterioration (aOR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.48–2.55, p-value <0.001) on basis of fear of the COVID pandemic was noted. Conclusion: As a conclusion, these articles demonstrated that patients with immunocompromised states had more symptoms of anxiety and fear as compared to the immunocompetent patients. Most of the patients had concerns of fear about future health implications, concern over social implications, and possible financial difficulties encountered and remained infectious for a longer duration with severe anxiety symptoms.
KONSTRUKSI METODE PENCATATAN AKUNTANSI BERBASIS NILAI BUDAYA ISLAM GORONTALO
Authors:   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Gorontalo Indonesia, Thalib Mohamad Anwar
Published: January 2023

Research Purpose. The purpose of this study is to formulate how the coachmen practice the method of accounting records based on the cultural values of the Gorontalo people. Research Methods. The paradigm used by this research is Islam with an Islamic ethnomethodology approach. Research Result and Findings. The results show that there are two ways the coachmen practiced the recording method; the first to record the accounting for income, expenses, and savings in memory; record accounts payable on paper. Both of these recording methods are based on the value of responsibility. Parents (the elders) often give advice on this value through lumadu "openu de u taliyolo u otola, bo dila u wohiliyo" which means it's okay to lose what you buy, but not what people give.
Factors Affecting Serum Paraoxonase 1 Activity in Migrant and Resident Gujarati South Asians
Authors: Patel Jeetesh , Mirrielees Rebecca , Vyas Avni , Cruickshank Kennedy , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Bhatnagar Deepak , Mackness Bharti , Srinath Reddy K. , Hughes Elizabeth , Durrington Paul , Mackness Michael
Published: January 2023

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) protects against the development of atherosclerosis by hydrolysing damaging lipid peroxides formed in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cell membranes. The effect of migration on PON1 activity is unknown. We have investigated the effect of migration on serum PON1 activity by comparing an Indian Gujarati community who had migrated to Sandwell (West Midlands, UK) with people still living in their villages of origin around the town of Navsari (Gujarat, North-West India) and determined biochemical and nutritional parameters which may correlate with PON1 activity. PON1 activity was almost double in men and women living in Sandwell compared to those in Navsari. In the Spearman’s Rank correlation analysis, PON1 activity was significantly negatively correlated with fasting glucose and C-reactive protein, and positively with fasting non-esterified fatty acids, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin sensitivity, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in rural Indian men, positively with HDL and apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1) in migrant Indian men, negatively with HOMA-β-cell activity and apo A1. It was positively correlated with HDL cholesterol, mean LDL particle diameter, and oxidised-LDL (ox-LDL) in rural Indian women and positively with HDL cholesterol, apo A1, and ox-LDL in migrant Indian women. Multivariate analysis with PON1 as the dependent variable indicated significant relationships with migrant status and HDL cholesterol only (both p<0.001). In conclusion, in the South Asian populations studied here, PON1 activity significantly correlated with measures of insulin sensitivity and the metabolic syndrome; however, by far the strongest determinant of PON1 activity was migration, or at least environmental and dietary changes which accompany migration. We also found an as yet unexplained lack of gender difference in HDL cholesterol, which requires further investigation.
Current Controversies in Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Fan Lampson , Prendergast Bernard , Herring Neil
Published: January 2023

Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a devastating disease with a high mortality. Its microbiology is changing with increasing incidence of Staphylococcus aureus infection, which often does not present with the typical signs that are incorporated into diagnostic criteria. With expanding indications for the implantation of cardiac devices, such as cardiac resynchronisation pacemakers and defibrillators, the incidence of device-related endocarditis is also increasing rapidly. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) provides evidence-based guidelines regarding prophylaxis, diagnosis, and management of IE, the most recent of which were published in 2009. The aim of this review is to identify topical areas of controversy, where new research developments have shed some light since the last publication of these guidelines. The review focuses on antibiotic prophylaxis, investigating potential IE in S. aureus bacteraemia, and management of cardiac device-related IE. It is notable that not 1 in over 80 recommendations in the latest ESC guidelines is backed by data that are level of evidence A. Whilst it is clearly unethical to perform trials in this area of medicine against placebo, treatment algorithms and approaches to management can readily be compared with each other in a randomised way, and data using this approach are emerging. Increasing the quantity and quality of evidence when it comes to IE remains a significant challenge.
Revealing a Clear Path Towards a New Era in the Management of Psoriasis
Authors: Ray Nicola
Published: January 2023

The meeting provided a bench-to-bedside overview of the targeting of interleukin-17 (IL-17) for the treatment of psoriasis. Prof Kristian Reich described state-of-the-art research into the IL-17 pathway in psoriasis, and how this pathway is being targeted by a new generation of biologics. An overview of the most up-to-date Phase II and Phase III data available for agents targeting the IL-17 pathway, along with a discussion of the link between clinical efficacy and quality of life (QoL) outcomes, was presented by Prof Kenneth Gordon. Finally, Prof Christopher Griffiths discussed how the superior efficacy of the new anti-IL-17 biologics enables physicians to aim higher in terms of achievable clinical benefits for patients, reaching beyond the current accepted clinical standard of PASI 75 – a 75% reduction in symptoms on the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) – and to have a greater impact on patient QoL.
Investigating the Different Dimensions of DPP-4 Inhibitors
Authors: Mughal Tabasum
Published: January 2023

This Takeda-sponsored European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) symposium addressed the pharmacology, clinical use, and future therapeutic application of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. The scientific programme covered the clinical efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors, their durability in clinical practice, and their use in combination therapy with other antidiabetic drugs. The important issue of the effect of this class of drugs on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes was also explored. The symposium was chaired by Prof Heinz Drexel and included insightful talks from an expert faculty comprising of Profs Jørgen Rungby, Jochen Seufert, and Kausik Ray.
Who Gets Diabetic Macular Oedema; When; and Why? Pathogenesis and Risk Factors
Authors: Turgut Ozturk Banu
Published: January 2023

Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) presents an enormous rise in the last decades with an increasing number of diabetic patients. It has a negative impact on the health-related quality of life beside the related visual loss. Additionally, it incurs more health centre visits, higher health costs, and lower working performance. Therefore, early diagnosis and preventive measures gain more and more importance in the management of DMO. Risk factors for DMO can be divided into systemic and ocular risk factors. The leading systemic risk factors include age, type and duration of diabetes, insulin use, and glucose regulation. Hypertension, nephropathy, hyperlipidaemia, anaemia, cardiovascular disease, smoking, and amputation are other risk factors reported. In addition, susceptibility in cases with endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism and vascular endothelial growth factor C634-G polymorphism has been reported. The severity of diabetic retinopathy, microaneurysm turnover, cataract surgery, incomplete vitreous detachment, and peripheral retinal ischaemia are among ocular risk factors. Though avoiding changes in the metabolic memory related to hyperglycaemia in the early period seems to be the most efficient treatment, nowadays close follow-up of patients with high risk and effort to control the modifiable risk factors seems to be the ideal treatment.
IL28B Polymorphisms in Interferon-Treated Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Vigano Mauro , Lampertico Pietro
Published: January 2023

Pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) may achieve a sustained off-treatment response in 20-30% of the patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, given the high cost of treatment, the frequent side effects, and the lack of effectiveness in a large proportion of patients, there have been attempts to identify the subjects who are most likely to benefit with such therapy. Response rates may be significantly increased by careful selection of patients based upon baseline serum alanine aminotransferase, HBV DNA levels, and viral genotype. Recently, genome-wide association studies identified polymorphisms of the interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene as a potent predictor of sustained viral response in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with Peg-IFN plus Ribavirin, encouraging similar studies in HBV. Overall, these studies failed to provide convincing evidences that IL28B genotype significantly impacts on response to Peg-IFN in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, though these studies are very heterogeneous in terms of patient populations, methodology, baseline features, treatment regimens, duration of follow-up, and ethnicity, making new studies in larger cohorts very much needed.
Acute Liver Failure: Pathophysiologic Basis, and The Current and Emerging Therapies
Authors: Privitera Graziella , Agarwal Banwari , Jalan Rajiv
Published: January 2023

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a devastating condition that occurs in patients who previously had a normal liver. Although the outcome of patients with ALF has improved, without liver transplantation (LT) mortality rates remain in the range of 35-50% in different geographical areas and therefore, its treatment remains an unmet need. In the Western world toxic liver injury from acetaminophen remains one of the common causes but, in the East, hepatitis of unknown aetiology remains the most common cause. Treatment options are limited to meticulous attention to multi-organ support, use of N-acetyl cysteine, judicious use of antibiotics, and timely LT. This review describes the state-of-the-art techniques in the issues related to prognosis, outcome, and treatment of this devastating syndrome.
Indoor Microbiome and The Rising Asthma Prevalence
Authors: Fu Xi , Sun Yu
Published: January 2023

The prevalence of asthma has increased in the past few decades in most developed and developing countries. Large-scale, cross-sectional epidemiological studies have reported several factors associated with asthma prevalence and severity, including parental asthma, tobacco smoking, preterm delivery, virus infection, and air pollution. However, a puzzling problem is that the time trends in the prevalence of these risk factors cannot explain the rise in asthma. For example, the prevalence of smoking and clinical pneumonia have been decreasing globally in the past few decades. Recent progress in high-throughput sequencing technology has promoted the progress of microbiome research and established associations between human and indoor microbiomes, and many metabolic, cognitive, and immune diseases including asthma and allergies. In this review, the authors systematically summarise the current literature, standard practice, and analysis pipeline in the field of indoor microbiome and asthma. The strength and limitation of different analytical approaches are discussed, including the utilisation of relative and absolute abundance in the associated studies. The authors discuss new frameworks of integrated microbiome research from different ecological niches, functional profiling from multiomics data, and how these new insights can facilitate understanding of asthma mechanisms and even the development of new personalised treatment strategies for the rising asthma epidemic.
Is There an Interest in Implementing a Multidisciplinary Clinic or Renal Care Network to Improve the Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease?
Authors: Rognant Nicolas
Published: January 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent in several countries and is associated with the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and also with premature morbidity and mortality, especially from cardiovascular origin. However, efficient treatments have existed for two decades but have not led to major decrease in either ESRD incidence or premature death of CKD patients. Some authors suggested that the deliverance of suboptimal care can explain, at least partly, these disappointing findings. Several observational studies support this idea by showing that some recommended medications are under-prescribed in CKD patients, and that some patients are sometimes insufficiently monitored for clinical and biological parameters. Therefore, new models of renal care deliverance have been developed, trying to optimise patient treatment with the hope that it could positively impact their outcomes. In this article, we will focus on the multidisciplinary clinic and the renal care network models and we will review the results of the main studies that sought to test the impact of these new structures on patient’s prognosis. Although most of these studies are observational, they predominantly show a positive effect on renal prognosis and also survival. However, the only one randomised clinical trial with long-term follow-up failed to find any positive effect despite increased cost. Therefore, more evidence, based on results of randomised clinical trials, is needed before a wide implementation of this kind of program.
Diagnostic Challenges in Thrombotic Microangiopathies
Authors: Bell Juliet
Published: January 2023

The Alexion Satellite Symposium provided an introduction to thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) by Prof Dirk Kuypers, who described atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) as a rare but severe disease that causes TMA and can result in organ failure. Prof Josep Campistol presented two patient cases to illustrate the need to make a differential diagnosis between aHUS, thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura (TTP), and Shiga toxin-related-HUS (STEC-HUS). Prof Christophe Legendre then described aHUS clinical management, introduced eculizumab as the only approved treatment for aHUS, and provided an overview of the efficacy and safety data from recent clinical trials.
No Added Mortality Benefit From Current Approaches to Renal Replacement Therapy in ICU Patients
Authors: Schiffl Helmut
Published: January 2023

Hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI), a common and harmful renal disorder, is an independent risk factor for short-term and long-term mortality particularly in critically ill patients. The management of this patient subpopulation remains supportive, with renal replacement therapy (RRT) indicated in severe renal failure. RRT prevents immediate death from lethal complications of advanced AKI, and – undoubtedly – reduces the mortality in AKI patients. The field of RRT has undergone remarkable changes to further improve the dismal short-term outcome. However, trials have failed to demonstrate an additional survival benefit of choice of modality or increased dose, or timing of RRT initiation if RRT is adequately performed. Clearly, AKI is not an isolated event but results in multiple negative effects on inflammation or coagulation and in multiple organ dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms are not amenable to current RRT. Thus, we should be realistic in our expectations of what dialysis and haemofiltration could accomplish; they are not renal replacement therapies in the true sense of the word, but only supportive systems. Prevention of AKI by better care, earlier anticipation of AKI by use of novel biomarkers and pharmacologic therapy of emergent AKI, and the introduction of bioreactor systems into clinical treatment of AKI may be future strategies to further improve the poor outcome of these patients.
The Efficacy and Safety of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinations in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Roberts Eleanor
Published: January 2023

While people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are not more likely to contract COVID-19, the incidences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19-related complications may be higher for people with MS who have comorbidities or who are taking certain disease modifying therapies (DMT). Robert Shin, Professor of Neurology at MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA, and Deborah Fuller, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Associate Director of the Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA, first discussed why vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 should be recommended to people with MS. They then discussed evidence that suggests that the antibody response following vaccination may be dampened in people taking some DMTs, especially those that deplete CD20+ B cells; however, T cell responses to vaccinations may also provide protection. There is also evidence that messenger RNA (mRNA) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, as opposed to viral vector or recombinant protein subunit vaccines, and boosters may lead to a better antibody response. Vaccine responses vary between patients taking different sphinogosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators, being low for fingolimod and high for next generation S1P receptor modulators. Overall, more studies of vaccine response and timing are needed to best update the guidelines for people with MS.
Apomorphine Penject – Emerging Evidence and Treatment Strategies for Delayed on and off Periods in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lawn Helen
Published: January 2023

This educational symposium was held during the Joint Congress of European Neurology (EFNS–ENS), which took place from 31st May to 3rd June 2014 in Istanbul, Turkey, and was sponsored by Britannia Pharmaceuticals Limited. The symposium debated the problem of delayed ON and OFF periods in Parkinson’s disease that can occur even in patients optimised on oral medication. Emerging evidence for the rapid and effective resolution of such complications using apomorphine intermittent injection (penject) was reviewed with particular reference to the positive results of the recent AM IMPAKT trial in patients with morning akinaesia. The discussions were illustrated with examples of ‘real life’ patient case studies to help determine which patients might be best suited for treatment with apomorphine injection.
An Epidemiological Study on Paediatric Brain MRIs with a Focus on Contextual Reporting
Authors: Maheshwari Saurabh , Saini Mandeep , Sahu Samaresh , Uday Bhanu Kovilapu , Singh Grewal Darshan , Anand Varun
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Paediatric neuroradiology is one of the most challenging areas in the wide gamut of disciplines that modern radiology encompasses. There is a paucity of literature on the epidemiology of paediatric neuroimaging and contextual reporting in this field. The objectives of this study were to study the epidemiology of the paediatric neurological disorders and to study the role of contextual reporting in this field.

Materials and methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Southwestern India over 1 year. It was a retrospective epidemiological study. The authors studied 112 patients referred as in- or outpatients for a brain MRI for a wide range of indications. The authors analysed the reports issued by their radiologists and reformatted them into a newly proposed contextual reporting template for the paediatric brain. Then, the authors conducted an epidemiological analysis of the compiled data.

Results: The authors found that the most common indication for paediatric neuroimaging was seizures or seizure-like episodes, followed by developmental delay. The most common abnormality on imaging was sequelae to hypoxic or hypoglycaemic insult followed by brain atrophy. The authors found a wide range of other abnormalities illustrating the wide spectrum of paediatric neuroradiology.

Conclusion: The authors’ study fills a gap in current literature regarding the epidemiology of conditions encountered in paediatric neuroradiology. The authors also propose a novel reporting format for contextual reporting in this field, which may help in reducing errors in reporting and reduce reporting time.
Умный город 5.0. Часть 2. Триада иммерсивного созидания: формы и функции
Authors: ВОЛКОВ Андрей Анатольевич
Published: January 2023

Представлен новый подход к системной модели критического мышления в области комплексного понимания созидания с целью: системно объединить все актуальные и перспективные сдвиги в технологическом и социальном прогрессе в целостную картину настоящего и будущего, допускающую включение четкой иерархии ответственности в идеологию трансформации; концептуально соотнести условно глобальные и локальные проблемы цивилизации и культуры, сместив фокус технологической утопии в контур доступных практических решений; теоретически определить новую метамодель сущности для переоценки и перестройки неоднозначной и часто ошибочной концепции "умного города"; практически сформировать эффективные и продуктивные пересечения отраслей в категориях разумного баланса национального и транснационального технологического суверенитета. Новая авторская концепция CSCOPE (Civilization Super Culture Omni Parametric Environment - омнипараметрическая среда суперкультур цивилизации) - инфраструктурная основа эффективного в отношении человека компромисса культуры и цивилизации - субъективности уклада собственной идентичности с объективностью новой реальности во всех доступных измерениях и уровнях модели одновременно. Автором представлена и терминологически определена архитектура триады иммерсивного созидания - перспективная научная и системная практическая альтернатива концепции "умного города". Умный город 3.0 (SCOPE Type A) - реактивная фрагментарно автоматическая система интеграции результатов в континууме форм "природа- человек-общество-среда созидания" балансом величин континуума соотнесенных функций "компенсация-безопасность-информация-актуальность". Умный город 4.0 (SCOPE Type B) - проактивный коллективно интеллектуальный комплекс конвергенции эффектов в континууме форм "природа-человек-общество-среда созидания" прогрессом качеств континуума соотнесенных функций "устойчивость-здоровье-прозрачность-гибкость". Умный город 5.0 (SCOPE Type C - CSCOPE) - иммерсивная уникально дополняющая человека цивилизация распространения культур в континууме форм "природа-человек-общество-среда созидания" трансформацией ценностей континуума соотнесенных функций "экспансия-идентичность-гармония-эволюция".
Оболочка башни «Эволюция»: уникальная архитектура и инновационные фасадные решения
Authors: ВАХРУШЕВ Константин Геннадьевич , НИКАНДРОВ Филипп Валерьевич
Published: January 2023

Рассмотрена уникальная фасадная оболочка башни "Эволюции" в деловом центре "Москва-Сити", которая реализована благодаря плодотворному сотрудничеству между заказчиком, архитекторами, конструкторами и инженерами. Представлены архитектурная концепция сооружения и его конструктивные особенности. Подробно показаны конструктивные решения фасадной оболочки, в том числе типовые модульные панели и модули с вентиляционными решетками. Кроме того, обоснован выбор типа и технологии остекления объекта, а также представлена информация об испытании модели в аэродинамической трубе и приведены результаты испытаний полноразмерных образцов фасада на воздухо- и водопроницаемость.
Конструктивные решения для мониторинга фундаментов на Крайнем Севере
Authors: ЛАРИН Алексей Андреевич , ФЕДОТОВ Михаил Юрьевич
Published: January 2023

Изложены результаты теоретических и экспериментальных исследований по разработке конструкции измерительного устройства для организации волоконно-оптической системы онлайн-мониторинга промышленных объектов на Крайнем Севере. По результатам конечно-элементного моделирования и с учетом требований к конструктивным параметрам измерительных устройств показано, что такое устройство может быть выполнено как на металлической, так и на композитной подложке. Выявлено, что с учетом реальных условий эксплуатации в настоящее время целесообразно применять конструкцию измерительного устройства на основе стального шестигранника. Предложена конструкция измерительного устройства на базе металлической подложки в рамках мероприятий по обеспечению внедрения системы постоянного автоматизированного мониторинга за техническим состоянием производственных и иных сооружений с учетом воздействия реальных условий эксплуатации, включая растепление грунтов. Представлены результаты внедрения разработанного измерительного устройства, установленного на свайном фундаменте промышленного сооружения, эксплуатируемого в одном из районов Норильска.
Частота собственных колебаний расположенной на неоднородном основании пластины
Authors: ЛЕОНТЬЕВ Андрей Николаевич , БАЛАНДИНА Ксения Васильевна
Published: January 2023

В настоящее время задачи расчета конструкций на упругом основании являются весьма актуальными. В этой связи исследуется влияние неоднородности основания на частоты собственных колебаний тонких пластин. Рассмотрены пластины, расположенные на упругом основании Винклера и имеющие шарнирные опоры по контуру. Принято, что значение коэффициента постели основания имеет симметричный характер изменения относительно середины пластины и в ее пределах описывается квадратичным законом. Для определения основной частоты собственных колебаний использован вариационный метод Бубнова-Галеркина. Расчет выполнялся в среде Excel, при этом в качестве аппроксимирующих были приняты тригонометрические функции. Представлены пластины с различной относительной длиной - короткие, средней длины и длинные. Показано, что влияние неоднородности основания на основную частоту собственных колебаний наиболее ощутимо для длинных пластин.
Rubrics and Student Learning in Political Science
Authors: Anene John
Published: January 2023

Rubrics were designed for student learning and as preparation to engage in class discussion on the role of interest groups in American politics. The rubrics enabled students hands-on to learn and generate qualitative and quantitative data, as well as convert the qualitative data into quantitative scales in lower division political science classes. Empirical evidence based on students’ learning outcomes indicated a higher order engaged learning in introductory American Government classes. The experience enhanced civic literacy for students regarding how citizens influence public policy through interest group politics.
A Software Suite for Limb Volume Analysis Applicable in Clinical Settings: Upper Limb Quantification
Authors: Nascimben Mauro , Lippi Lorenzo , Fusco Nicola , Invernizzi Marco , Rimondini Lia
Published: January 2023

In medicine, tridimensional scanning devices produce digital surfaces that replicate the bodies of patients, facilitating anthropometric measurement and limb volume quantification in pathological conditions. Free programs that address this task are not commonly found, with doctors mainly relying on proprietary software. This aspect brings reduced reproducibility of studies and evaluation of alternative measures. A software package made up of three programs has been developed and released together with supporting materials to enhance reproducibility and comparisons between medical centers. In this article, the functions of the programs and steps for volume assessment were introduced together with a pilot study for upper limb volume quantification. This initial experiment aimed to also verify the performance of digital volumes derived from the convex-hull gift-wrapping algorithm and the alternative analysis methods enclosed in the software. Few of these digital volumes are parameter-dependent, requiring a value selection. The experiment was conducted on a small mixed-gender group of young adults without correction for factors like arm dominance or specific physical training. In the sample under investigation, the analysis confirmed the substantial agreement between the clinical and current configurations of digital volumes produced by the package (R2 interval from 0.93 to 0.97, r ranged from 0.965 to 0.984); in addition, as a general consideration, gender appears as a variable that could influence upper limb volume quantification if a single model is built.
In vitro versus in situ biofilms for evaluating the antimicrobial effectiveness of herbal mouthrinses
Authors: Schönbächler Nicole , Thurnheer Thomas , Paqué Pune Nina , Attin Thomas , Karygianni Lamprini
Published: January 2023

For centuries, diverse mouthrinses have been applied for medicinal purposes in the oral cavity. In view of the growing resistance of oral microorganisms against conventional antimicrobial agents e.g. chlorhexidine, the implementation of alternative treatments inspired by nature has lately gained increasing interest. The aim of the present study was to compare in vitro biofilm models with in situ biofilms in order to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different natural mouthrinses. For the in vitro study a six-species supragingival biofilm model containing A. oris, V. dispar, C. albicans, F. nucleatum, S. mutans and S. oralis was used. Biofilms were grown anaerobically on hydroxyapatite discs and treated with natural mouthrinses Ratanhia, Trybol and Tebodont. 0.9% NaCl and 10% ethanol served as negative controls, while 0.2% CHX served as positive control. After 64h hours, biofilms were harvested and quantified by cultural analysis CFU. For the in situ study, individual test splints were manufactured for the participants. After 2h and 72h the biofilm-covered samples were removed and treated with the mouthrinses and controls mentioned above. The biofilms were quantified by CFU and stained for vitality under the confocal laser scanning microscope. In the in vitro study, 0.2% CHX yielded the highest antimicrobial effect. Among all mouthrinses, Tebodont (4.708 ± 1.294 log10 CFU, median 5.279, p<0.0001) compared with 0.9% NaCl showed the highest antimicrobial potential. After 72h there was no significant reduction in CFU after 0.2% CHX treatment. Only Trybol showed a statistically significant reduction of aerobic growth of microorganisms in situ (5.331 ± 0.7350 log10 CFU, median 5.579, p<0.0209). After treatment with the positive control 0.2% CHX, a significant percentage of non-vital bacteria (42.006 ± 12.173 log10 CFU, median 42.150) was detected. To sum up, a less pronounced effect of all mouthrinses was shown for the in situ biofilms compared to the in vitro biofilms.
Low oxytocin levels are broadly associated with more pronounced psychopathology in anorexia nervosa with primarily restricting but not binge/purge eating behavior
Authors: Plessow Franziska , Galbiati Francesca , Eddy Kamryn T. , Misra Madhusmita , Miller Karen K. , Klibanski Anne , Aulinas Anna , Lawson Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is commonly associated with depression, anxiety, and deficits in socioemotional functioning. Basal levels of oxytocin, a neurohormone with antidepressant, anxiolytic, and prosocial properties, are low in women with AN. However, the relationship between oxytocin and psychopathology of AN/atypical AN has not been examined in individuals with primarily food restriction (AN/AtypAN-R) or those with restriction plus binge/purge behaviors (AN/AtypAN-BP) alone, which is important to further elucidate the neurobiology of different AN presentations. We investigated whether oxytocin levels are related to eating, affective, and socioemotional psychopathology in women with AN/AtypAN-R and separately AN/AtypAN-BP.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study of 53 women with low-weight AN or atypical AN based on DSM-5 (AN/AtypAN-R: n=21, AN/AtypAN-BP: n=32), we obtained fasting serum oxytocin levels and self-report measures of psychopathology, including the Eating Disorder Examination–Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Beck Depression Inventory-IA (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).

Results

In individuals with AN/AtypAN-R, oxytocin levels were negatively associated with eating psychopathology (EDE-Q Global Score: r=-0.49, p=0.024), depressive and anxiety symptoms (BDI Total Score: r=-0.55, p=0.009; STAI Trait Score: r=-0.63, p=0.002), and socioemotional symptoms (TAS-20 Difficulty Identifying Feelings Score: r=-0.49, p=0.023). In contrast, in those with AN/AtypAN-BP oxytocin levels were negatively associated with depressive symptoms only (BDI Total Score: r=-0.52, p=0.049).

Conclusions

These findings support the notion that AN/AtypAN-R and AN/AtypAN-BP might have divergent underlying neurobiology. Understanding these differences is crucial to develop targeted treatments for a population with high levels of chronicity, for which no specific pharmacological treatments are currently available.

Clinical trial registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT01121211.
Protective effects of melatonin against physical injuries to testicular tissue: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models
Authors: Dehdari Ebrahimi Niloofar , Shojaei-Zarghani Sara , Taherifard Ehsan , Dastghaib Sanaz , Parsa Shima , Mohammadi Nasim , Sabet Sarvestani Fatemeh , Moayedfard Zahra , Hosseini Nima , Safarpour Heidar , Sadeghi Alireza , Azarpira Negar , Safarpour Ali Reza
Published: January 2023

Background

Modern societies face infertility as a global challenge. There are certain environmental conditions and disorders that damage testicular tissue and may cause male infertility. Melatonin, as a potential antioxidant, may protect testicular tissue. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of melatonin in animal models against physical, heat, and ischemic damage to the testicular tissue.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify animal trials evaluating the protective effect of melatonin therapy on rodent testicular tissue when it is exposed to physical, thermal, ischemic, or hypobaric oxygen stress. Random-effect modeling was used to estimate the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals based on the pooled data. Additionally, the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The study protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022354599).

Results

A total of 41 studies were eligible for review out of 10039 records. Studies employed direct heat, cryptorchidism, varicocele, torsion-detorsion, testicular vascular occlusion, hypobaric hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion, stress by excessive or restraint activity, spinal cord injury, and trauma to induce stress in the subjects. The histopathological characteristics of testicular tissue were generally improved in rodents by melatonin therapy. Based on the pooled data, sperm count, morphology, forward motility, viability, Johnsen’s biopsy score, testicular tissue glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels were higher in the melatonin treatment rodent arms. In contrast, the malondialdehyde level in testicular tissue was lower in the treatment rodent arms. The included studies suffered from a high risk of bias in most of the SYRCLE domains.

Conclusion

This study concludes that melatonin therapy was associated with improved testicular histopathological characteristics, reproductive hormonal panel, and tissue markers of oxidative stress in male rodents with physical, ischemic, and thermal testicular injuries. In this regard, melatonin deserves scientific investigations as a potential protective drug against rodent male infertility.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022354599.
Simulation and economic analysis of the high-temperature heat storage system of thermal power plants oriented to the smart grid
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Zhao Mingyuan , Li Yanbing , Liu Junqing , Liang Wenbin
Published: January 2023

With the continuous increase of the grid-connected proportion of intermittent renewable energy, in order to ensure the reliability of smart grid operation, it is urgent to improve the operational flexibility of thermal power plants. Electric heat storage technology has broad prospects in terms of in-depth peak shaving of power grids, improving new energy utilization rates and improving the environment. It is an important means to promote electric energy substitution. In this study, the economics of technical application scenarios are compared and analyzed, the principle of solid heat storage technology is discussed, and its application in heating fields such as industrial steam, district heating, and deep peak regulation of congeneration units is expounded. The results indicate that in the scenario where the peak shaving subsidy and the heat storage duration are the same, as the unit output increases, the investment recovery period increases. Moreover, the results also indicate that in the 0.3 yuan/kW power market peaking subsidy scenario, only when the unit output is 0 and the heat storage time is greater than 8 h, the investment can be recovered in 5 years, while in the 0.7 yuan/kW power market peaking subsidy scenario, except for the scenario where the unit output is 40% and the heat storage time is 7 h, the investment cannot be recovered; in other scenarios, the investment can be recovered within 5 years.
Therapeutic immunomodulation by rationally designed nucleic acids and nucleic acid nanoparticles
Authors: Panigaj Martin , Skelly Elizabeth , Beasock Damian , Marriott Ian , Johnson M. Brittany , Salotti Jacqueline , Afonin Kirill A.
Published: January 2023

The immune system has evolved to defend organisms against exogenous threats such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites by distinguishing between “self” and “non-self”. In addition, it guards us against other diseases, such as cancer, by detecting and responding to transformed and senescent cells. However, for survival and propagation, the altered cells and invading pathogens often employ a wide range of mechanisms to avoid, inhibit, or manipulate the immunorecognition. As such, the development of new modes of therapeutic intervention to augment protective and prevent harmful immune responses is desirable. Nucleic acids are biopolymers essential for all forms of life and, therefore, delineating the complex defensive mechanisms developed against non-self nucleic acids can offer an exciting avenue for future biomedicine. Nucleic acid technologies have already established numerous approaches in therapy and biotechnology; recently, rationally designed nucleic acids nanoparticles (NANPs) with regulated physiochemical properties and biological activities has expanded our repertoire of therapeutic options. When compared to conventional therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs), NANP technologies can be rendered more beneficial for synchronized delivery of multiple TNAs with defined stabilities, immunological profiles, and therapeutic functions. This review highlights several recent advances and possible future directions of TNA and NANP technologies that are under development for controlled immunomodulation.
Into the multi-omics era: Progress of T cells profiling in the context of solid organ transplantation
Authors: Zhi Yao , Li Mingqian , Lv Guoyue
Published: January 2023

T cells are the common type of lymphocyte to mediate allograft rejection, remaining long-term allograft survival impeditive. However, the heterogeneity of T cells, in terms of differentiation and activation status, the effector function, and highly diverse T cell receptors (TCRs) have thus precluded us from tracking these T cells and thereby comprehending their fate in recipients due to the limitations of traditional detection approaches. Recently, with the widespread development of single-cell techniques, the identification and characterization of T cells have been performed at single-cell resolution, which has contributed to a deeper comprehension of T cell heterogeneity by relevant detections in a single cell – such as gene expression, DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, surface proteins, and TCR. Although these approaches can provide valuable insights into an individual cell independently, a comprehensive understanding can be obtained when applied joint analysis. Multi-omics techniques have been implemented in characterizing T cells in health and disease, including transplantation. This review focuses on the thesis, challenges, and advances in these technologies and highlights their application to the study of alloreactive T cells to improve the understanding of T cell heterogeneity in solid organ transplantation.
Gender- and age-specific associations of childhood maltreatment with peripheral serum inflammatory cytokines in middle school students
Authors: Jin Zhengge , Li Shuqin , Li Ruoyu , Song Xianbing , Zhang Shichen , Sun Ying , Tao Fangbiao , Wan Yuhui
Published: January 2023

Background

The impact of childhood maltreatment on multiple inflammatory cytokines among middle school students remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to examine the associations of different types of childhood maltreatment with peripheral serum inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in middle school students, and to explore the differences in these associations between boys and girls and between late (≥15 and<20 years) and early (≥11 and <15 years) adolescence.

Methods

A total of 1122 students were recruited from a boarding middle school. Each participant was asked to respond to a detailed questionnaire on childhood maltreatment, from whom one blood sample was drawn via venous blood.

Results

In the overall sample there was no association between childhood maltreatment and peripheral serum inflammatory cytokines; (2) emotional abuse was significantly correlated with IL-1β only in girls (B = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.28~-0.03; p = 0.06); (3) in late adolescence, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and childhood maltreatment had marked link with IL-8 (B = 0.39; 95%CI, 0.16~0.63; p = 0.01; B =0.20; 95% CI, 0.04~0.37; p = 0.08; B = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.18~0.82; p = 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion

These findings also strengthened an inference regarding the effects of childhood maltreatment on inflammation of students in late adolescence.
Potential of Spirulina platensis as a feed supplement for poultry to enhance growth performance and immune modulation
Authors: El-Shall Nahed A. , Jiang Shouqun , Farag Mayada R. , Azzam Mahmoud , Al-Abdullatif Abdulaziz A. , Alhotan Rashed , Dhama Kuldeep , Hassan Faiz-ul , Alagawany Mahmoud
Published: January 2023

Increase in drug resistance as well as ineffective immunization efforts against various pathogens (viruses, bacteria and fungi) pose a significant threat to the poultry industry. Spirulina is one of the most widely used natural ingredients which is becoming popular as a nutritional supplement in humans, animals, poultry and aquaculture. It contains protein, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, pigments, and essential amino acids. Moreover, it also has considerable quantities of unique natural antioxidants including polyphenols, carotenoids, and phycocyanin. Dietary supplementation of Spirulina can beneficially affect gut microbial population, serum biochemical parameters, and growth performance of chicken. Additionally, it contains polyphenolic contents having antibacterial effects. Spirulina extracts might inhibit bacterial motility, invasion, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing in addition to acting directly on the bacterium by weakening and making the bacterial cell walls more porous, subsequently resulting in cytoplasmic content leakage. Additionally, Spirulina has shown antiviral activities against certain common human or animal viruses and this capability can be considered to exhibit potential benefits against avian viruses also. Spirulan, a calcium-rich internal polysaccharide of Spirulina, is potentially responsible for its antiviral effect through inhibiting the entry of several viruses into the host cells, boosting the production of nitric oxide in macrophages, and stimulating the generation of cytokines. Comparatively a greater emphasis has been given to the immune modulatory effects of Spirulina as a feed additive in chicken which might boost disease resistance and improve survival and growth rates, particularly under stress conditions. This manuscript reviews biological activities and immune-stimulating properties of Spirulina and its potential use as a dietary supplement in poultry to enhance growth, gut health and disease resistance.