bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value of Breast Ultrasound in the Clinical Practice of the Surgeon
Authors: Eugenia Aponte-Rueda María , Isabel de Abreu María
Published: November 2021

In recent years, breast surgeons have been increasing the use of ultrasound as a reliable and useful tool in their practice to assist in managing patients and the operating room. An appropriate clinical and sonographic correlation can define diagnostic workup, provide immediate reassurance to the patients, and perform one-site diagnostic needle interventions. Particularly, it has a significant role in low-middle income countries, where imaging services are scarce due to its high cost, maintenance needs, and limited availability of trained personnel. Therefore, training and accreditation of surgeons who perform and interpret ultrasound are required interventions to influence the provider’s knowledge, accomplish optimal practices, complete diagnostic examinations of the breast, and improve the patients’ quality of care. This review aims to serve as an educational resource regarding the up-to-date value of breast ultrasound for surgeons.
Control of Supply Chains
Authors: Nilakantan Kannan
Published: November 2021

This chapter aims to apply control principles in the discrete-time control of Supply Chains. The primary objective of the control is to keep the inventory levels (state variables) steady at their predetermined values and reduce any deviations to zero in the shortest possible time. The disturbances are induced by demand deviations from the planned/anticipated levels. The replenishment flows are the control variables. Thus, the control action is very similar to a “Linear Regulator with zero set-point”. A novel development in this chapter is the use of direct Operator methods to solve the system Difference Equations, thereby obviating the need for Z-Transforms, block diagrams and transfer functions of classical control theory. This chapter provides a novel application of control theory as well as an easier method of solution.
Product Lifecycle: Social and Political Reflections from the Digital and Sustainable Perspectives
Authors: De Felice Fabio , Petrillo Antonella
Published: November 2021

Digitalization and sustainability are the drivers of the global development of the future that have slowly conquered the agendas of governments and organizations on every continent. In this context, the pandemic has proved to be a powerful technological accelerator, helping to give a greater boost to these drivers, “guiding” leading the productive and economic sector throughout the world. Today the sustainability and digitalization represent the indispensable prerequisites to add economic, environmental, and social sovereignty. In fact, the scenario that the Coronavirus is leaving us foreshadows the need not to be satisfied with reaching targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but to imagine “global” governance for the development of business models based on the new digital frontiers. Thus, what are the challenges for achieving the paradigms of sustainability and digitization in this new era? And what are the tools for a “digicircular” transformation? The aim of this chapter is to investigate these issues. To this end, it should be noted that, in this chapter, our aim is not to present an analysis of literature in the classical sense but rather political and social reflections.
Organic Vegetable Cultivation
Authors: Nandhini Devi Harinarayanan Usha , Lakshmanan Pugalendhi
Published: November 2021

Present day agricultural practices are posing a serious threat to the human population due to unscrupulous use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Conventional agricultural practices wherein large quantities and unscrupulous use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are no longer safer as it directly enter the food chain. Hence, organic cultivation of vegetables is gaining momentum among the growing population. Organic practices rely on crop rotations, crop residues, plant and animal manures, growing of legume and green manure crops and biological control of pests and diseases. It aims to combine tradition, innovation and science in a balanced proportion to utilize the environment in safer manner and maintain ecological balance. Organic cultivation assures protection of the environment and plays a major role on the economy of a nation. Sustainable production of organic vegetables needs to be ensured to fetch premium price in the domestic as well as international markets. Organic farming has shown expansion in the recent years in the European countries offering scope for a better price in the international market.
A Proposed Managerial Model for Improvement of Blood Consumption in the Operating Rooms in Southern Iran
Authors: Gholami Maryam , Hajinabi Kamran , Riahi Leila , Haghpanah Sezaneh
Published: November 2021

Background: The financial burden of blood wastage in operating rooms of hospitals indicates the importance of managing blood consumption. Objectives: To determine the most influential factors affecting blood utilization management in operating rooms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the operating rooms of the largest tertiary referral hospital in Southern Iran from September to November 2019. A researcher-made questionnaire was designed, validated, and completed by 185 related stakeholders. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Results: Model fit indices had acceptable values (P = 0.032). In the suggested model, resource allocation (coefficient = 0.81) and control (coefficient = 0.77) were determined as the two most impressive managerial dimensions of blood utilization management. In the resource allocation dimension, the most effective factors were found to be using trained and oriented personnel to inventory management principles and blood bag handling, storage, and transportation rules and providing in-hospital safe and standard blood transportation equipment. In the control dimension, the most influencing subject was evaluating and reporting the reasons for the date expiry of blood products. Conclusions: Implementing a stepwise evidence-based blood consumption program based on the most prioritized suggested initiatives can be highly cost-effective and presented as a practical guide for policymakers, especially in low socio-economic countries. Based on our results, focusing on using trained blood bank staff in all related parts and providing standard blood transportation equipment as well as attempting to minimize the number of discarded blood units in operating rooms can be highly effective in the reduction of blood wastage and improvement of blood consumption status.
Single-Port Laparoscopic Appendectomy Performing by Emergency Operation: An Intervention Study in Vietnam
Authors: Pham Duc Minh , Pham Vu Anh , Vi Mai Tuyet , Pham Linh Van
Published: November 2021

Background: Appendectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures of the abdominal area. One of the recent innovations is single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS), which can insert multiple ports through a proprietary device with multiple channels. An incision is sited in the umbilicus to result in no visible scar. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the results of the treatment of acute appendicitis by applying single-port laparoscopic surgery. Methods: A clinical single-port laparoscopic appendectomy intervention of 122 patients, with the absence of a control group, was carried out by a sole surgeon at the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hue, Vietnam, from August 2013 to December 2017. Research parameters included clinical history, physical examination, laboratory test, ultrasound imaging, intraoperative characteristics, and surgical outcomes. Results: We included 122 patients (64 males and 58 females) who met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 31.28 ± 13.51 years (range, 16 - 73 years). The average BMI was 20.4 ± 1.39 kg/m2. All patients had abdominal pain, and the average duration of symptoms was 17.39 ± 5.41 hours (range, 6 - 31 hours). Five patients had a history of abdominal surgery. The mean diameter of appendicitis in ultrasound was 8.8 mm (range, 6 - 15 mm). Moreover, 89.3% of patients had an increase in white blood cells. The difficult location of appendicitis was 1.6% under the liver and 20.5% in the retrocecal region. In addition, 18.0% of retroperitoneal appendicitis and 6.6% of appendicitis were under cecalserosa. The mean operative time was 40.19 ± 14.67 mins (range, 23 - 150 min). Two cases (1.6%) required additional trocar insertion. Three cases (2.5%) had wound infection and no other complications. The median hospital stay was 3.64 ± 1.72 days (range, 2 - 13 days). Conclusions: Single-port laparoscopic surgery is the safe and effective treatment of acute appendicitis. This technique may be feasible for acute appendicitis with a difficult location.
Stop Caring about Consciousness
Authors: Carruthers Peter ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: November 2021

The best empirically grounded theory of first-personal phenomenal consciousness is global workspace theory. This, combined with the success of the phenomenal-concept strategy, means that consciousness can be fully reductively explained in terms of globally broadcast representational content. So there are no qualia (and there is no mental paint). As a result, the question of which other creatures besides ourselves are phenomenally conscious is of no importance, and doesn’t admit of a factual answer in most cases. What is real, and what does matter, is a multidimensional similarity space of functionally organized minds.
Can Consciousness Extend?
Authors: Vold Karina ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: November 2021

The extended mind thesis prompted philosophers to think about the different shapes our minds can take as they reach beyond our brains and stretch into new technologies. Some of us rely heavily on the environment to scaffold our cognition, reorganizing our homes into rich cognitive niches, for example, or using our smartphones as swiss-army knives for cognition. But the thesis also prompts us to think about other varieties of minds and the unique forms they take. What are we to make of the exotic distributed nervous systems we see in octopuses, for example, or the complex collectives of bees? In this paper, I will argue for a robust version of the extended mind thesis that includes the possibility of extended consciousness. This thesis will open up new ways of understanding the different forms that conscious minds can take, whether human or nonhuman. The thesis will also challenge the popular belief that consciousness exists exclusively in the brain. Furthermore, despite the attention that the extended mind thesis has received, there has been relatively less written about the possibility of extended consciousness. A number of prominent defenders of the extended mind thesis have even called the idea of extended consciousness implausible. I will argue, however, that extended consciousness is a viable theory and it follows from the same ‘parity argument’ that Clark and Chalmers (1998) first advanced to support the extended mind thesis. What is more, it may even provide us with a valuable paradigm for how we understand some otherwise puzzling behaviors in certain neurologically abnormal patients as well as in some nonhuman animals.
NEW GENERATION OF AUTOMOTIVE MECHANICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS: TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES FOR SUPPLIERS
Authors: GUMIEL  QUINTANA JOSE ANGEL , MABE ALVAREZ JON , JIMENEZ VERDE JAIME , ZUAZUBISKAR ISASTI LORDI
Published: November 2021

The automotive sector is one of the most important economically, it not only generates direct employment, but also provides jobs to the entire associated industry. Today, component manufacturers and suppliers face disruptive changes. Electronics, which plays a fundamental role in innovation, new companies and technological giants, who claim their place in the sector; and the mentality of consumers, which opens towards other forms of mobility are some of the irruptions to which face. This article reviews the current literature and exposes the situation that the automotive sector is going through. Component suppliers that have not yet taken the step towards mechatronics or that lack high added value products will have to undergo an industrial regeneration, changing their design processes, if they want to remain competitive and continue in the sector.
Keywords: Automotive, Electronics, Industrial Processes, Industrial Regeneration.
VIRTUAL REALITY OPPORTUNITIES IN THE REDUCTION OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS IN INDUSTRY 4.0
Authors: CHECA CRUZ DAVID , MARTINEZ KIM , OSORNIO RIOS ROQUE ALFREDO , BUSTILLO ANDRÉS
Published: November 2021

This work discuss the possibilities of Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) environments in occupational risk prevention in the manufacturing industry. Firstly, a framework for iVR experiences design is presented. Secondly, two examples to demonstrate the usefulness of this scheme for the detection of occupational hazards are discussed. In the first one, the worker controls an overhead crane in a realistic iVR environment. Realism is searched to intensify user´s presence in the iVR and, therefore, learning effectiveness. Visual quality is maximized and natural movements and load´s inertias are programmed with this objective. The user performs different critical operations in this application. The tasks becomes more complex while the user gets used to the iVR serious game: noise level, bad lighting, presence of other workers in the working area and, especially, load unbalance. Under these conditions, the user must carry out different common tasks while avoiding accidents. In the second one, the worker moves through a factory and identifies different risk situations, taking the corresponding corrective measures. While in the first application, the user interacts with the virtual environment using a real overhead crane keypad to increase his immersion, in the second one a standard iVR interface is used, because it simulates in a natural way the interaction with virtual objects. In both cases, a data acquisition system, including positioning and eyetracking, allows the trainer to directly provide feedback to the user on his performance.
Keywords: Virtual Reality; Occupational Risk Prevention; Industry 4.0; Overhead crane; Educational Games
THE FUTURE OF SMART INDUSTRY: TECHNOLOGIES, MACRO-TRENDS AND APPLICATION AREAS
Authors: NIÑO MIKEL
Published: November 2021

The Smart Industry has been developing has been developing at an accelerated pace since the beginning of the last decade, driven by of the last decade, driven by the by the emergence of technologies such as the Internet of Things, Compute of Things, Cloud Computing and Big Data Cloud Computing and Big Data technologies, as well as their connection and Big Data technologies, as well as their connection with machine learning algorithms for predictive data analysis [1] of data [1].
ПОТЕНЦИЈАЛНЕ МОГУЋНОСТИ МЕДИЈА У СУЗБИЈАЊУ ТЕРОРИЗМА
Authors: Гајић Жељко , Бериша Хатиџа , Николић Срђан
Published: November 2021

Тероризам, као енигма нагона екстрема, лица вођених идеологијом или вапај за богатством на несхватљиво суров начин, несумњиво у данашње време представља глобални проблем, док друштво, као целина живота и стварности надахнућа живости, нема адекватан одговор на ову појаву, односно потребна му је помоћ, али и велика мудрост да одговори на крути и бескомпромисни рат терора, који кроз медијску потпору бива све сложенији. Циљ рада као што се назире у најави насталих феномена, није решавање једначине шта је тероризам, нити дефинисање медија као посебне силе која се користи у савременим сукобима или њиховом изазивању, то је уствари моје настојање у покашајима да се објасни како се терористичко деловање променило појавом одређених феномена и како то утиче на савремено друштво, колико је опасно и несагледиво за дужи временски период. Посебно је важно истаћи да је тероризам подржан медијима, те из наведеног разлога треба сагледати његов ефекат који може бити умањен уколико медији правилно реагују. Практично, замисао овог рада је да инспирише размишљања, иницира и испита стратегије и тактике овог новог обрасца медијски оријентисаног тероризма, односно улоге медија, како би се са једне стране едуковали корисници и са друге стране смањило ширење кругова његових жртава, као и да се пружи једна реална основа за даље и дубље истраживање наведеног проблема.
POLITICAL-LEGAL PERSPECTIVE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE FORMER REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA
Authors: Petrović Slobodan , Blanuša Andrija
Published: November 2021

The political-legal perspective of the development of the republics of the former SFRY can be obtained by a precise analysis of political developments in the former SFRY, viewed from the legal aspect, and under the influence of domestic and international factors that create a political reality in each individual republic. Building and taking care of a healthy, institutionally solid, legally dignified political system of one state is a challenge for every government, and therefore the government is a creator of an image of the political system, but also of innovative, economic, diplomatic, economic activity, which in many ways determines the level of democracy, the standard of living , the degree of political culture, constitutional and legal progress, the development of local self-government, and thus forms the image of a given society viewed through the lens of the political system. After its creation, the SFRY was a supranational state, with a federal political system, formed on the ruins of the outdated monarchist form of government, it had the futuristic contours of a real reality and, per its ideological concept, was significantly ahead of the time in which it existed. It was a symbol of sociological progress, synonymous with concepts that modern authors of political-legal thought today call cosmopolitanism. In this paper a comparative method of research will be applied, and based on it, will be presented the key determinants that define the social situation in the republics of the SFRY today, altogether with the proposals for the implementation of positive experiences, as well as the proposals for overcoming the potential difficulties of certain republics that they are facing today, considering that they have successfully overcome other similar obstacles.
Daily electrical activity in the master circadian clock of a diurnal mammal
Authors: Bano-Otalora Beatriz , Moye Matthew J , Brown Timothy , Lucas Robert J , Diekman Casey O , Belle Mino DC
Published: November 2021

Circadian rhythms in mammals are orchestrated by a central clock within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Our understanding of the electrophysiological basis of SCN activity comes overwhelmingly from a small number of nocturnal rodent species, and the extent to which these are retained in day-active animals remains unclear. Here, we recorded the spontaneous and evoked electrical activity of single SCN neurons in the diurnal rodent Rhabdomys pumilio, and developed cutting-edge data assimilation and mathematical modeling approaches to uncover the underlying ionic mechanisms. As in nocturnal rodents, R. pumilio SCN neurons were more excited during daytime hours. By contrast, the evoked activity of R. pumilio neurons included a prominent suppressive response that is not present in the SCN of nocturnal rodents. Our modeling revealed and subsequent experiments confirmed transient subthreshold A-type potassium channels as the primary determinant of this response, and suggest a key role for this ionic mechanism in optimizing SCN function to accommodate R. pumilio’s diurnal niche.
Dysfunctional TRPM8 signalling in the vascular response to environmental cold in ageing
Authors: Thapa Dibesh , Valente Joäo de Sousa , Barrett Brentton , Smith Matthew John , Argunhan Fulye , Lee Sheng Y , Nikitochkina Sofya , Kodji Xenia , Brain Susan D
Published: November 2021

Ageing is associated with increased vulnerability to environmental cold exposure. Previously, we identified the role of the cold-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) A1, M8 receptors as vascular cold sensors in mouse skin. We hypothesised that this dynamic cold-sensor system may become dysfunctional in ageing. We show that behavioural and vascular responses to skin local environmental cooling are impaired with even moderate ageing, with reduced TRPM8 gene/protein expression especially. Pharmacological blockade of the residual TRPA1/TRPM8 component substantially diminished the response in aged, compared with young mice. This implies the reliance of the already reduced cold-induced vascular response in ageing mice on remaining TRP receptor activity. Moreover, sympathetic-induced vasoconstriction was reduced with downregulation of the α2c adrenoceptor expression in ageing. The cold-induced vascular response is important for sensing cold and retaining body heat and health. These findings reveal that cold sensors, essential for this neurovascular pathway, decline as ageing onsets.
Contingent dynamics of political humour
Authors: Basu Sammy , Zekavat Massih
Published: November 2021

This article introduces the themes of the special issue. It offers a provisional working conception of “political humour.” It then notes some of the tendencies and challenges for scholarship on political humour, namely, that political humour interacts contingently and conditionally with intentions, contexts, and audiences. The individual articles of the special issue are briefly summarized, and some concluding lessons drawn.
Comparing size selectivity and exploitation pattern of diamond-mesh codends for Southern velvet shrimp (Metapenaeopsis palmensis) in shrimp trawl fishery of the South China Sea
Authors: Yang Bingzhong , Herrmann Bent , Yan Lei , Li Jie , Wang Teng
Published: November 2021

In this study, size selectivity and exploitation pattern of six diamond-mesh codends with different mesh sizes, ranging from 25 to 54 mm, for Southern velvet shrimp (Metapenaeopsis palmensis) were tested and compared in a shrimp trawl fishery of the South China Sea (SCS). We used a codend with a mesh size of 25 mm (D25) as a starting point, which is the minimum mesh size (MMS) currently regulated in the studied area. Four different fishing population scenarios were applied to quantify and compare how mesh sizes of codends used would impact the size selectivity and exploitation pattern for the target shrimp species. The results demonstrated that the D25 codend was not proper for protecting juvenile shrimp at the studied area. By applying this legal codend, L50 (50% retention length) of the target shrimp species was below its minimum conservation reference size (MCRS, 7.0 cm total length), the retention probability of shrimp with a length of MCRS was above 95% CI [91–99] and more than 43% of undersized shrimp was retained. To mitigate the bycatch issue of undersized shrimp, increasing the mesh size in the diamond mesh codend is a simple and effective option. However, the loss of catch efficiency for marketable shrimp is a major concern while increasing the mesh size. A good compromise between releasing undersized shrimp and maintaining the legal individuals is manifested by using the codend with 35 mm mesh size (D35). Our study will be beneficial for the management of shrimp trawl fisheries in the SCS.
Genetic structure of marine and lake forms of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii
Authors: Orlova Svetlana Yu. , Rastorguev Sergey , Bagno Tatyana , Kurnosov Denis , Nedoluzhko Artem
Published: November 2021

The Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) is one of the most important species in the commercial fisheries distributed in the North Pacific Ocean and the northeastern European seas. This teleost has marine and lake ecological forms a long its distribution in the Holarctic. However, the level of genetic differentiation between these two forms is not well known. In the present study, we used ddRAD-sequencing to genotype 54 specimens from twelve wild Pacific herring populations from the Kara Sea and the Russian part of the northwestern Pacific Ocean for unveiling the genetic structure of Pacific herring. We found that the Kara Sea population is significantly distinct from Pacific Ocean populations. It was demonstrated that lake populations of Pacific herring differ from one another as well as from marine specimens. Our results show that fresh and brackish water Pacific herring, which inhabit lakes, can be distinguished as a separate lake ecological form. Moreover, we demonstrate that each observed lake Pacific herring population has its own and unique genetic legacy.
The Impact of the Collapsed Banks on Customers in Ghana
Authors: Yomboi Jonas , Nangpiire Clement , Kutochigaga Elijah Aloriwor , Majeed Mohammed
Published: November 2021

In an effort to overhaul and stabilise the banking sector, the Bank of Ghana revoked the licences of nine Ghanaian banks and one was downgraded to savings and loans institution which later folded up summing up to ten banks. This paper investigated the effects of the collapse banks on customers.  Using a quantitative approach, the study revealed that the collapse of the banks had major impacts on customers including loss of capital, disincentive to do further savings, inability to pay creditors and a general decline in the capacity to handle needs including educational plans. In addition, the study established that the most affected customer category was current account holders. Among others, the study recommends that the Bank of Ghana should be cautious in handing distressed banks, and also encourage self-regulation among banks mainly through the Bankers’ association. It is also recommended that over ambitious branch network expansions should be scrutinized regularly by the Central Bank. As part of the governance framework, universal banks should also put in place mechanisms to monitor and sanction both internal and external auditors when their works fall below expectations.
The Effect of Parent Pressure and Peer Factors Affecting on the Performance of Nursing Students
Authors: Patel Bhavisha , Patel Bhoomika , Suresh V. , Patel Shivangi , Patel Trupti , Patel Urvashi , Patel Roma
Published: November 2021

Background: People cannot live alone in society. Basically people need social contacts that suit them. Sometimes they need parent’s help, love, care and guidance and some time they need friend’s intimacy, affection and love. The persons first contact is with parents and then with friends. Parent attachment is stronger during infancy and childhood whereas friend’s attachment is strong during adolescence. Attachment level varies with the ages and stages of life. This attachment influences their feelings, thinking, decisions and living styles. The persons first contact is with parents and then with friends.

Aims: To assess the parental pressure and peer factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students studying in selected nursing college of Vadodara.

Methods: A cross sectional research design was carried out for this study. The study was carried out on 300 students. Students were selected using stratified sampling technique. A five-point rating scale was used to assess the academic performance of students. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation, chi-square test were applied to analyze the data.

Results: The effect of peer and parental pressure on the performance showed that more than half participants 61% (n=183) were having average intensity. And about 39% (n=117) of them were having high intensity.

Conclusion: the present study concluded that majority of the students are having average intensity in their academics and some students are having high intensity in their academics.
Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Microemulgel Containing Terbinafine Hydrochloride
Authors: G. Zingade Sarika , N. Nagoba Shivappa , G. Agwane Shanta , B. Swami Avinash
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to create and test a Terbinafine hydrochloride microemulgel. Terbinafine hydrochloride is an FDA-approved antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections on the skin. It's a BCS class II medication with little bioavailability. In the realm of pharmaceutical sciences, microemulgel has evolved into one of the most intriguing topical preparations. Microemulgel as a delivery technique has several advantages over simple traditional formulations, including simplicity of administration, increased residence duration at the application site, consistent drug release with improved bioavailability, superior thermodynamic stability, and excellent transdermal permeability. Terbinafine hydrochloride microemulgels were made with carbopol 940 and HPMC as gelling agents, oleic acid as an oil, parabens as a preservative, and tween 20 as an emulgent and penetration enhancer. The appearance, spreadability, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, percent drug content, and in vitro diffusion studies of the generated microemulgel formulation were all visually checked. The findings show that developing a terbinafine-containing microemulgel is more effective, but clinical efficacy must be determined through clinical trials.
Determinants of the Digital Divide among French Higher Education Teachers
Authors: Dahmani Mounir
Published: November 2021

The widespread use of technology in daily life, and particularly in education in higher education institutions has devoted growing attention to the nature of ICT usages by Higher Education Teachers which has seen as an increasingly important factor for the successful integration of these technologies. This study aims to analyze the determining factors of the various uses of ICT by teachers in the university environment and to characterize their variety and intensity. For this end, we conducted a survey of a sample of 2,079 teachers from public universities in France. Our approach consisted in measuring the intensity of use of ICT in academia in order to appreciate the resulting digital divides between different groups of teachers. Multinomial logistic regression shows that the differences in the use of ICT are linked to the differences in initial digital skills between teachers. Furthermore, the training in ICT, age, gender and social context appear to have a manifold influence on ICT use. Our results clearly confirm the existence of digital  divides, it prompts us to analyze more precisely the role of innovative users and that   of first-time adopters when they appear to be actors involved in the diffusion of ICT within universities.
PERAN GURU DALAM MENGAJARKAN NILAI KRISTEN DI KELAS BAHASA INGGRIS SEKOLAH DASAR KRISTEN “X” SURABAYA
Authors: Linda Linda
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran guru dalam mengajarkan nilai Kristen di kelas Bahasa Inggris di Sekolah Dasar Kristen ‘X’ Surabaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan melalui kegiatan wawancara, observasi, dan pencatatan dokumen dalam bentuk anekdot. Sumber data dari penelitian ini adalah seorang guru Bahasa Inggris kelas 2 SD yang mengajar di empat kelas dengan total sebanyak 97 murid. Topik ini dipilih karena melihat betapa pentingnya membawa murid mengenal Tuhan melalui Bahasa Inggris. Bahasa Inggris adalah karunia unik dari Tuhan untuk melayani Tuhan, diri sendiri, dan sesama. Alasan ini yang membuat peneliti melakukan penelitian pada empat keterampilan dasar dalam Bahasa Inggris yaitu listening, reading, writing, dan speaking. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah ada usaha dari pihak sekolah dan guru untuk dapat menghadirkan Tuhan di dalam kelas Bahasa Inggris. Pihak sekolah menetapkan adanya bagian ‘Integrasi Alkitab’ di dalam rancangan proses pembelajaran harian. Guru tidak hanya mengisi bagian tersebut dengan penuh pertimbangan tetapi juga menghidupi ayat Firman Tuhan yang diajarkan di kelas dan menjadi teladan yang nyata bagi setiap murid yang diajar
KETERAMPILAN GURU SD KRISTEN “X” SURABAYA DALAM MENOLONG MURID SD BELAJAR DI KELAS BERDASARKAN PENDIDIKAN KRISTEN
Authors: Putri Nita Agnesia Prana
Published: November 2021

Keterampilan guru adalah kemampuan yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru untuk menolong para murid belajar di dalam kelas. Sebagai guru Kristen, keterampilan yang dimiliki dapat digunakan untuk menolong para murid belajar di dalam kelas sesuai dengan pendidikan Kristen. Keterampilan yang dimaksud adalah keterampilan dalam hal bertanya, keterampilan melakukan variasi, keterampilan dalam memberikan penguatan dan keterampilan dalam hal menjelaskan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterampilan guru Kristen di SD Kristen “X” untuk menolong murid belajar di kelas berdasar teori yang dikemukakan oleh Debora dan Han pada tahun 2020. Penelitian ini mengambil data melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa guru di SD Kristen “X” Surabaya telah menjalankan pendidikan Kristen dengan benar melalui keterampilan mengajar yang dilakukan.
Electrically Tunable and Dramatically Enhanced Valley‐Polarized Emission of Monolayer WS2 at Room Temperature with Plasmonic Archimedes Spiral Nanostructures
Authors: Lin Wei‐Hsiang , Wu Pin Chieh , Akbari Hamidreza , Rossman George R. , Yeh Nai‐Chang , Atwater Harry A.
Published: November 2021

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have intrinsic valley degrees of freedom, making them appealing for exploiting valleytronic applications in information storage and processing. WS2 monolayer possesses two inequivalent valleys in the Brillouin zone, each valley coupling selectively with a circular polarization of light. The degree of valley polarization (DVP) under the excitation of circularly polarized light (CPL) is a parameter that determines the purity of valley polarized photoluminescence (PL) of monolayer WS2. Here efficient tailoring of valley‐polarized PL from monolayer WS2 at room temperature (RT) through surface plasmon–exciton interactions with plasmonic Archimedes spiral (PAS) nanostructures is reported. The DVP of WS2 at RT can be enhanced from <5% to 40% and 50% by using 2 turns (2T) and 4 turns (4T) of PAS, respectively. Further enhancement and control of excitonic valley polarization is demonstrated by electrostatically doping monolayer WS2. For CPL on WS2–2TPAS heterostructures, the 40% valley polarization is enhanced to 70% by modulating the carrier doping via a backgate, which may be attributed to the screening of momentum‐dependent long‐range electron–hole exchange interactions. The manifestation of electrically tunable valley‐polarized emission from WS2–PAS heterostructures presents a new strategy toward harnessing valley excitons for application in ultrathin valleytronic devices.
Near‐Unity Quantum Yield and Superior Stable Indium‐Doped CsPbBrxI3−x Perovskite Quantum Dots for Pure Red Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhou Xin , Zhang Jibin , Tong Xuan , Sun Yabing , Zhang Haiyan , Min Yonggang , Qian Yannan
Published: November 2021

Although all‐inorganic CsPbBrxI3−x perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) are increasingly being used as a competitive material for pure red perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), they suffer from low luminescent ability and poor stability. In this study, an In3+‐doped CsPbBrxI3−x PeQD solution exhibits a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ≈99.8% and superior stability for more than half a year in atmosphere. As far as known, this is the highest PLQY and stability achieved for mixed halide PeQDs. In3+ ion doping not only reduces the surface vacancy defects because of the partial substitution of Pb2+ by the smaller radii of In3+ ions, but also enhances the formation energy of CsPbBrxI3−x PeQDs based on first‐principles calculations. Compared with pristine LEDs based on CsPbBrxI3−x, the pure red PeLEDs based on In3+‐doped CsPbBrxI3−x display a higher luminance of 423 cd m‐2, fivefold external quantum efficiency improvement up to 11.2%, and increased stability, providing a feasible and promising perspective for developing In3+‐doped CsPbBrxI3−x PeQDs applied efficiently in advanced light emitters for solid‐state lighting and displays.
Single‐Component White‐Light Emitters with Excellent Color Rendering Indexes and High Photoluminescence Quantum Efficiencies
Authors: Lian Linyuan , Wang Song , Ding Huaiyi , Liang Guijie , Zhao Yong‐Biao , Song Haisheng , Lan Xinzheng , Gao Jianbo , Chen Rong , Zhang Daoli , Zhang Jianbing
Published: November 2021

Broadband white‐light emissions from low‐dimensional organic metal halides have received great attention for applications in energy‐efficient lighting and displays. However, the simultaneous realization of excellent color rendering indexes (CRIs) and high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (PLQEs) in single‐component white‐light emitters remains a great challenge. Here, a unique 0D organic copper iodide (TPA)CuI2 (TPA = tetrapropylammonium) is developed, in which the edge‐sharing double trigonal planar [Cu2I4]2− dimers are surrounded by the organic cations TPA+, forming core/shell structures at the molecular level. These organic copper iodide single crystals exhibit a dual‐band white‐light emission covering the entire visible spectrum with a high PLQE of 84.4% and an excellent CRI of 91.3. In addition, (TPA)CuI2 nanocrystals are successfully synthesized and exhibit optical properties similar to those of the single‐crystal counterparts. Detailed photophysical studies reveal that the dual‐band emission originates from two self‐trapped emitting states in [Cu2I4]2− dimers, whose populations are strongly dependent on the temperature. The promising applications of (TPA)CuI2 as efficient and high CRI phosphors are demonstrated by a white‐light light‐emitting diode with a Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinate of (0.31, 0.33).
A Radical Chain: Mononuclear “Gold Only” Photocatalysis
Authors: Witzel Sina , Hoffmann Marvin , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Dreuw Andreas , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: November 2021

We herein report an unprecedented reactivity of mononuclear gold catalysts acting as classical catalysts and at the same time as active partners in a radical chain mechanism, whereby gold is the only catalyst. The mechanism of the photo‐induced photosensitizer‐free “gold only”‐catalyzed cross coupling was studied in detail – experimentally and theoretically – based on the reaction between arylboronic acids and aryldiazonium salts. With a systematic set of stoichiometric experiments under various conditions and analytic methods, we could show that this mechanism is initiated by an aryl radical formed in the presence of blue LEDs and MeOH. This aryl radical enters the catalytic cycle to oxidize gold(I) to gold(II). Single electron transfer from gold(II) to the aryldiazonium salt then gives the cationic gold(III) complex by formation of a chain‐supporting aryl radical which then is enabled to start a new cycle by oxidation of gold(I) without the need for irradiation. At least every 432 cycles of the radical chain, a new chain‐initiating radical has to restart the radical chain. Eventually, the boronic acid is activated by the BF4− anion to transmetalate to gold(III), and reductive elimination delivers the desired product.

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Controllable Engineering and Functionalizing of Nanoparticles for Targeting Specific Proteins towards Biomedical Applications
Authors: Guo Zhanchen , Xing Rongrong , Zhao Menghuan , Li Ying , Lu Haifeng , Liu Zhen
Published: November 2021

Nanoparticles have been widely used in important biomedical applications such as imaging, drug delivery, and disease therapy, in which targeting toward specific proteins is often essential. However, current targeting strategies mainly rely on surface modification with bioligands, which not only often fail to provide desired properties but also remain challenging. Here an unprecedented approach is reported, called reverse microemulsion‐confined epitope‐oriented surface imprinting and cladding (ROSIC), for facile, versatile, and controllable engineering coreless and core/shell nanoparticles with tunable monodispersed size as well as specific targeting capability toward proteins and peptides. Via engineering coreless imprinted and cladded silica nanoparticles, the effectiveness and superiority over conventional imprinting of the proposed approach are first verified. The prepared nanoparticles exhibit both high specificity and high affinity. Using quantum dots, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and upconverting nanoparticles as a representative set of core substrates, a variety of imprinted and cladded single‐core/shell nanoparticles are then successfully prepared. Finally, using imprinted and cladded fluorescent nanoparticles as probes, in vitro targeted imaging of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and in vivo targeted imaging of TNBC‐bearing mice are achieved. This approach opens a new avenue to engineering of nanoparticles for targeting specific proteins, holding great prospects in biomedical applications.
Uncertainty quantification in machine learning and nonlinear least squares regression models
Authors: Zhan Ni , Kitchin John R.
Published: November 2021

Machine learning (ML) models are valuable research tools for making accurate predictions. However, ML models often unreliably extrapolate outside their training data. The multiparameter delta method quantifies uncertainty for ML models (and generally for other nonlinear models) with parameters trained by least squares regression. The uncertainty measure requires the gradient of the model prediction and the Hessian of the loss function, both with respect to model parameters. Both the gradient and Hessian can be readily obtained from most ML software frameworks by automatic differentiation. We show examples of the uncertainty method in applications of molecular simulations and neural networks. We further show that the uncertainty measure is larger for input space regions that are not part of the training data. Therefore, this method can be used to identify extrapolation and to aid in selecting training data or assessing model reliability.
Effects of polygenic risk for suicide attempt and risky behavior on brain structure in young people with familial risk of bipolar disorder
Authors: Overs Bronwyn J. , Roberts Gloria , Ridgway Kate , Toma Claudio , Hadzi‐Pavlovic Dusan , Wilcox Holly C. , Hulvershorn Leslie A. , Nurnberger John I. , Schofield Peter R. , Mitchell Philip B. , Fullerton Janice M.
Published: November 2021

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with a 20–30‐fold increased suicide risk compared to the general population. First‐degree relatives of BD patients show inflated rates of psychopathology including suicidal behaviors. As reliable biomarkers of suicide attempts (SA) are lacking, we examined associations between suicide‐related polygenic risk scores (PRSs)—a quantitative index of genomic risk—and variability in brain structures implicated in SA. Participants (n = 206; aged 12–30 years) were unrelated individuals of European ancestry and comprised three groups: 41 BD cases, 96 BD relatives (“high risk”), and 69 controls. Genotyping employed PsychArray, followed by imputation. Three PRSs were computed using genome‐wide association data for SA in BD (SA‐in‐BD), SA in major depressive disorder (SA‐in‐MDD) (Mullins et al., 2019, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 176(8), 651–660), and risky behavior (Karlsson Linnér et al., 2019, Nature Genetics, 51(2), 245–257). Structural magnetic resonance imaging processing employed FreeSurfer v5.3.0. General linear models were constructed using 32 regions‐of‐interest identified from suicide neuroimaging literature, with false‐discovery‐rate correction. SA‐in‐MDD and SA‐in‐BD PRSs negatively predicted parahippocampal thickness, with the latter association modified by group membership. SA‐in‐BD and Risky Behavior PRSs inversely predicted rostral and caudal anterior cingulate structure, respectively, with the latter effect driven by the “high risk” group. SA‐in‐MDD and SA‐in‐BD PRSs positively predicted cuneus structure, irrespective of group. This study demonstrated associations between PRSs for suicide‐related phenotypes and structural variability in brain regions implicated in SA. Future exploration of extended PRSs, in conjunction with a range of biological, phenotypic, environmental, and experiential data in high risk populations, may inform predictive models for suicidal behaviors.
Recent Updates on Azido‐reductive Cyclization Approaches: Syntheses of aza‐Heterocyclic Frameworks
Authors: Soni Jay Prakash , Kadagathur Manasa , Shankaraiah Nagula
Published: November 2021

The first organic azide (phenyl azide) was synthesized in 1864 and since then, its structure, syntheses, and applications have reaped extreme attention from chemists across the globe. Later, the unambiguous documentation of its linear structure and chemical reactivity led to all‐embracing research in the chemistry of azides. The unique electronic structure and chemical reactivity placed the organic azides at the interface between chemistry, biology, medicine, and material science. In this regard, the reaction of azides where a single‐nitrogen atom is retained was well implemented for the synthesis of natural products and other vital organic frameworks embedding various aza‐heterocyclic skeletons. This review emphasizes the recent applications (2015–2021) of organic azides in the synthesis of the aforementioned organic molecules employing an azido‐reductive cyclization approach with the retention of a single nitrogen atom.
Simulated patterns of mitochondrial diversity are consistent with partial population turnover in Bronze Age Central Europe
Authors: Broccard Nicolas , Silva Nuno Miguel , Currat Mathias
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The analysis of ancient mitochondrial DNA from osteological remains has challenged previous conclusions drawn from the analysis of mitochondrial DNA from present populations, notably by revealing an absence of genetic continuity between the Neolithic and modern populations in Central Europe. Our study investigates how to reconcile these contradictions at the mitochondrial level using a modeling approach.

Materials and Methods

We used a spatially explicit computational framework to simulate ancient and modern DNA sequences under various evolutionary scenarios of post Neolithic demographic events and compared the genetic diversity of the simulated and observed mitochondrial sequences. We investigated which—if any—scenarios were able to reproduce statistics of genetic diversity similar to those observed, with a focus on the haplogroup N1a, associated with the spread of early Neolithic farmers.

Results

Demographic fluctuations during the Neolithic transition or subsequent demographic collapses after this period, that is, due to epidemics such as plague, are not sufficient to explain the signal of population discontinuity detected on the mitochondrial DNA in Central Europe. Only a scenario involving a substantial genetic input due to the arrival of migrants after the Neolithic transition, possibly during the Bronze Age, is compatible with observed patterns of genetic diversity.

Discussion

Our results corroborate paleogenomic studies, since out of the alternative hypotheses tested, the best one that was able to recover observed patterns of mitochondrial diversity in modern and ancient Central European populations was one were immigration of populations from the Pontic steppes during the Bronze Age was explicitly simulated.