bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geospatial Analysis of Timely Access to Neurosurgical Public Care in Peru: Planning the Next Century Marathon
Authors: Bocanegra-Becerra Jhon E.
Published: September 2024

Introduction
Understanding geographic accessibility to neurosurgical care is key to ensuring timely treatment, particularly in countries with challenging topography like Peru. This investigation aimed to estimate Peru's population distribution within critical time intervals and proximity to the nearest neurosurgical facility in the Ministry of Health network.
Methods
A geographical analysis was conducted to examine the distribution of the Peruvian population within six travel areas (1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 1 day, and 5 days) to the nearest facility providing neurosurgical care.
Results
Twenty-five facilities providing neurosurgical care were identified across Peru, of which 92% pertained to tertiary or higher-level facilities and were included in the analysis. Peru’s population was estimated at 32,625,937 people. The most populated area of Peru, Lima, concentrates 52.17% of neurosurgical facilities. Nearly 13,820,347 Peruvian people (42.36%) could lack neurosurgical access within 4 hours of travel. In addition, 72.1% and 89% of Lima and Callao’s population exhibited timely access to neurosurgical care within 1 hour of travel, respectively. About 302,733 people (30.1%) living in the region of Loreto could
access neurosurgical treatment in up to 5 days of travel.
Conclusion
Geographical accessibility to neurosurgical facility care is heterogeneous. Major hospital settings remain centralized in Lima and Callao regions. Virtually 42.36% of the Peruvian population could not access timely neurosurgical care within 4 hours of travel. Notably, roughly one-third of the population in the Amazon region of Loreto could reach a neurosurgical setting in up to 5 days of travel. These findings may be worrisome, yet could incentivize further assessment of underserved areas, prioritize infrastructure development, and synergic policy interventions from governmental and non-governmental organizations.
Comparative Evaluation of Solubility and Calcium Ion Release of Bioceramic and Resin-Based Root Canal Sealers
Authors: K.R. Vijay Naveen , C.M. Sapna , V.P. Prabath Singh , Rajan Rakesh , V Krishnan , U Gayathri
Published: September 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the solubility and calcium ion release of four root canal sealers: Endosequence (bioceramic), BioRoot RCS (bioceramic), MTA Fillapex (tricalcium silicate-based), and AH Plus (resin-based).
Materials and Methods:
Polyethylene tubes (10 mm diameter, 3 mm height) were filled with the respective sealers and tested for solubility by measuring weight loss after immersion in distilled water, and for calcium ion release using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The sample size was 20 per group (total N = 80). Intergroup comparisons were conducted using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni tests, while intragroup comparisons between time periods were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni tests.
Results:
The results showed significant differences in solubility and calcium ion release among the tested sealers. MTA Fillapex exhibited the highest solubility, ranging from 12.79 ± 0.17 μm on Day 1 to 19.85 ± 0.14 μm on Day 28, while AH Plus had the lowest, with values from -1.05 ± 0.72 μm to -2.32 ± 0.27 μm (Table 1). In terms of calcium ion release, Endosequence Bioceramic sealer demonstrated the highest release, ranging from 10.01 ± 0.22 mg/L on Day 1 to 10.59 ± 0.51 mg/L on Day 28, whereas AH Plus had the lowest release, from 1.98 ± 0.32 mg/L to 0.54 ± 0.13 mg/L (Table 2).
Conclusion:
The bioceramic sealer- Endosequence, demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties in terms of low solubility and sustained calcium ion release compared to the other sealers tested. These findings suggest that the bioceramic sealers may be advantageous for improving the long-term success of endodontic treatment.
Rezeptive Sprachfähigkeiten zu Schulbeginn und deren Einfluss auf die Lesekompetenz am Ende des ersten und vierten Schuljahres
Authors: Lindner Jessica
Published: September 2024

Diese empirische Studie untersucht, welchen Entwicklungsstand Kinder mit unterschiedlichen Spracherwerbsbiografien (N = 212) bei ihren rezeptiven Fähigkeiten im Deutschen (Verbbedeutung, W-Fragen, Negation) zu Schulbeginn erreicht haben und welchen Einfluss er auf Lesefähigkeiten (Leseverstehen auf Wort-, Satz- und Textebene; Lesegeschwindigkeit) am Ende der ersten und vierten Jahrgangsstufe ausübt. Als Messinstrumente wurden die Diagnoseverfahren LiSe-DaZ (Schulz/Tracy 2011), ELFE II (Lenhard et al. 2018) und WLLP-R (Schneider et al. 2011) herangezogen. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgt mittels IBM SPSS Statistics und beinhaltet neben der deskriptiven Statistik auch Korrelationsanalysen. Im Fokus der Datenanalyse steht die Frage, ob sich Unterschiede zwischen den Kindern mit Deutsch als Erst- und Zweitsprache abbilden lassen können. Es zeigt sich, dass zweitsprachlernende Kinder mit anderen Ausgangsvoraussetzungen in den (Deutsch‑)Unterricht der ersten Jahrgangsstufe eintreten und die Zusammenhänge zwischen rezeptiven gesprochensprachlichen Fähigkeiten und späteren Lesefertigkeiten bei ihnen unterschiedlich gewichtet sind im Vergleich zu Kindern, die von Geburt an mit der deutschen Sprache vertraut sind.
Alltagsgespräche als Erwerbskontexte mündlicher Textfähigkeiten im Kindergarten
Authors: Isler Dieter , Hefti Claudia , Schönberger Judith , Sticca Fabio
Published: September 2024

Kinder sind beim Schuleintritt unterschiedlich vertraut mit mündlichen Textfähigkeiten wie Berichten, Erzählen oder Erklären. Für die Nutzung schulischer Bildungsangebote sind solche sprachlich-diskursiven Fähigkeiten grundlegend. Ihre gezielte Förderung im Kindergarten kann deshalb zu einer Stärkung der Bildungschancen aller Kinder beitragen. Mit der Interventionsstudie EmTiK wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen dem erwerbsunterstützenden Lehrpersonenhandeln und den mündlichen Textfähigkeiten der Kinder untersucht. Zu drei Erhebungszeitpunkten wurden 65 zufällig ausgewählte Lehrpersonen während jeweils 90 Minuten gefilmt. Vier bis fünf Kinder aus jeder Klasse (N = 293) absolvierten jeweils zwei Tests: eine Nacherzählung eines sprachfreien Trickfilms und einen Test zur Messung der exekutiven Funktionen. Die mündlichen Textproduktionen der Kinder und die Alltagskommunikation der Lehrpersonen wurden mit den neu entwickelten Ratinginstrumenten MuTex und EULE eingeschätzt. Die Lehrpersonen der Interventionsgruppe besuchten eine intensive Weiterbildung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass a) die Kinder im Zeitraum von eineinhalb Jahren ihre mündlichen Textfähigkeiten um rund 50 % ausbauen, b) die Lehrpersonen ihre Erwerbsunterstützung durch Weiterbildung signifikant verbessern und c) eine gute Unterstützung der Lehrpersonen den Erwerb mündlicher Textfähigkeiten begünstigen kann.
THE IMPACT OF FOOD PRICES CONTROL POLICIES ON COMMUNITY PURCHASING POWER ISLAMIC ECONOMIC REVIEW
Authors: Lubis Rafika Amalia , Marliyah Marliyah , Harahap Muhammad Ikhsan
Published: September 2024

Abstrak: Harga merupakan faktor utama dalam proses tawar menawar antara pembeli dengan penjual. Oleh karena itu harga merupakan salah satu aspek yang harus diperhatikan oleh pemerintah supaya tidak terjadi kenaikan harga yang dapat menimbulkan gejala sosial di kalangan masyarakat. Islam sangat konsentrasi pada masalah keseimbangan harga, terutama peran negara dalam mewujudkan kestabilan harga dan bagaimana mengatasi masalah ketidakstabilan harga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kebijakan yang dilakukan pemerintah terhadap daya beli masyarakat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah desktriptif kualitatif. Sumber data berasal dari wawancara dengan dinas perdagangan, pedagang pasar, dan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian harga bahan pangan agar tetap stabil dengan cara mengimpor dari luar, sehingga bahan pangan tetap tersedia dan pemerintah setempat sudah memberikan kebijakan untuk tetap mencukupi bahan pangan supaya harga tersebut tetap stabil. Untuk mengatasi kenaikan harga bahan pangan, ada beberapa tindakan yang dapat dilakukan pemerintah yaitu melalui upaya jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Upaya Jangka pendek adalah melakukan impor dari luar daerah dan jangka panjang memanfaatkan potensi yang dimiliki oleh daerah Kabupaten Mandailing Natal.
Kata kunci: Kebijakan, Pengendalian Harga, Daya Beli Masyarakat, Ekonomi Islam
 
Abstract: Price is the main factor in the bargaining process between buyers and sellers. Therefore, price is one aspect that must be considered by the government so that there is no price increase that can cause social unrest among the community. The purpose of this study is to determine the policies implemented by the government on people's purchasing power. Islam is very focused on the problem of price balance, especially on the role of the state in realizing price stability and how to overcome the problem of price instability. The research conducted in this study is a type of descriptive research using a qualitative approach. Data sources come from interviews with the trade office, market traders, and the community. The results of this study indicate that controlling food prices to remain stable by importing from abroad, so that food remains available and the local government has provided policies to continue to provide sufficient food so that prices remain stable. To overcome the increase in the price of basic necessities, there are several actions that can be taken by the government, including through short-term and long-term efforts. The short term is by importing from outside the region, but the long term requires a systematic strategy that utilizes the great potential of the Mandailing Natal Regency area.
Keywords: Policy, Price Control, Public Purchasing Power, Islamic Economics
Analysis of the thermal performance of the lining and the reasons for its destruction in petroleum coke calcination furnaces
Authors: Nikiforov Aleksandr , Prikhodko Yevgeniy , Kucherbayev Murat , Kinzhibekova Akmaral , Karmanov Amangeldy , Uakhit Nauryzbay
Published: September 2024

This article discusses the thermal technological processes occurring in petroleum coke calcination furnaces, as well as issues of causes of destruction of the refractory material of the calcination furnace lining. The survey showed that the main factors influencing the duration of the work campaign of the lining are the temperature stresses that arise in the lining during sudden temperature changes during heating or cooling, as well as the chemical effect of the process material on the lining.
It was revealed that in the inlet zone, where the drying of technological raw materials is carried out, the wear of the lining occurs evenly, and there is no significant damage. On thermal imaging images, this zone is displayed as uniform temperature fields on the outer surface of the furnace. In the calcination zone, the lining is characterized by the presence of main cracks that run along the seams. These cracks indicate the occurrence of significant thermal stresses when the furnace is heated. Work was done to determine the dependence of tensile strength on temperature, in the temperature range from 20 oC to 650 oC. Analysis of the results of determining the tensile strength showed a general tendency for it to increase with increasing temperature. This is explained by changes in the structure of the refractory material with increasing temperature and load. Taking into account the obtained dependence of the tensile strength on temperature allows one to adjust the heating schedules of the calcination furnace to reduce the temperature stress during the heating process
Production of high-quality casting cores from lignin-based binders using blow-out method
Authors: Al-Saraireh Falah Mustafa
Published: September 2024

The study examined the feasibility of employing technological lignosulfonates as binders in blowing processes to produce small casting cores for shaped iron castings, analogies to the currently in-use Cold-Box Amin procedure. In the study, it has been demonstrated that lignin materials offer several benefits, including workplace safety, within the foundry itself, and in terms of maintaining environmental hygiene in the vicinity of a similar manufacturing facility. It is indicated that the cost of binders could drop twice when using the suggested lignin components. Mixtures with experimental compositions have been proposed and put to the test. The sand-oligosulfonate mixture's composition has quantitative properties that have been determined. Binders exhibiting stable properties and high strength indicators (up to 3.0 MPa) were developed after processing. The nonionic surfactant class was determined to include the most effective additions. It was experimentally demonstrated that applying specific nonionic surfactant types as technological lignosulfonate modifiers boost and stabilizes properties by a significant order of magnitude (from 0.05 MPa to 0.5–0.7 MPa) %, concerning specific binding ability).
Consequently, excellent cast iron castings and a prototype batch of cores were created. A significant emphasis is placed on developing special machinery for lignin binders
Development and application of a generalized method of determination the roots of the characteristic equation a system tuned to the technical optimum
Authors: Safarova Aygun , Neymatov Vasif , Damirova Javida
Published: September 2024

The object of the conducted research is dynamically unstable objects and processes of the third order with a transfer function of the third order
The problem that has been considered and solved is related to the provision of dynamically unstable systems with such a stable state in which transients are set to the technical optimum. Analytical formulas have been obtained to determine the values of the roots of a third-order characteristic equation tuned to a technical optimum. The only variable of the obtained mathematical expressions is the time constant of the system or object, which determines the time of establishment or termination of periodic processes. Since the obtained analytical expressions directly determine the constant coefficients of the polynomial of the characteristic equation based on just one variable, which in the physical sense is a normalized value of the transition time, the synthesis of any dynamically unstable system leads to a state in which the system is optimized, according to the condition of technical optimum. In other words, only the analytical expressions obtained for the coefficients of the characteristic equation determine the system tuned to the technical optimum. Before synthesizing the regulator and feedback, this time constant is set as a set requirement for the time of termination of the transient process. Thus, the formulation of an equation for the coefficients of the characteristic equation of the system is equated to the found equations and the unknown coefficients of the feedback and rcgulator are calculated from the resulting system equation. The practical applications of the obtained results can be limited with two conditions: it is assumed that the dynamically unstable systems under consideration are linear or linelized; the selected solutions and feedback elements are tactically feasible.
The results obtained after applying the proposed technique allow to conclude that by changing the ratio between the values of the adjustable coefficients, the performance is increased by about two times. At the same time, the overshoot does not exceed 6 %, which is normalized by the conditions of the technical optimum
Exploring the Corrosion Inhibition Potential of Plant Extracts from Parts of Hymenaea courbaril on Carbon Steel in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4
Authors: B. Policarpi Everton , Spinelli Almir
Published: September 2024

The exploration of carbon steel corrosion inhibition in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 using extracts from Hymenaea courbaril (HC) has resulted in significant findings. Extracts from the bark, leaves, fruit pulp, and fruit shell have all proven to be effective corrosion inhibitors, as demonstrated through surface studies and electrochemical methods. Infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography have identified the presence of phenolic compounds, which are known to have corrosion-inhibiting potential. UV-Vis spectroscopy has further revealed the adsorption of extract species on the steel surface. Electrochemical studies have confirmed the inhibition of corrosion, allowing to propose mechanisms of both chemisorption and physisorption. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) have provided evidence of the formation of an inhibitory layer, further supporting the inhibition of corrosion. Langmuir isotherms have indicated favorable adsorption of the extracts, while reduced surface roughness suggests improved protection of the steel surface. Activation energy calculations have demonstrated an increase in energy barriers, resulting in slower corrosion rates. These findings suggest that extracts from Hymenaea courbaril show promise as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors, with potential industrial applications. Further research is needed to optimize the extraction process and fully understand the inhibition mechanisms.
Cybercrime: An Empirical Study of its Impact on Society- A Case Study of Chemistry Students
Authors: Al-Ani Ahmed , Yousif Ahmed A , Ahmed Waled Abdo , Yousif Emad A
Published: September 2024

Cybercrime is considered one of the most significant crimes effecting people and society. Computer network are involved in this type of crime, with various hackers participating. Through such crime,  identities and much information of the victims are stolen. Many students, especially international students and young individuals, fall victim to this fraud. This study focuses on raising awareness among people to avoid scammer’s link or unknown websites that seek to obtain their information. This will be achieved by organizing different questionnaires by teaching staff at one of the Iraqi Universities in this field, to be answered by undergraduate and postgraduate students. The statistical analysis conducted on this group  showed that students are more educated and aware, making them less likely to fall victim to these types of crime. This is a result of the knowledge and skills these students acquired through technology and various sessions and training at universities or other resources.
Study of the Ethnoscience Learning Approach About the Keris Yogyakarta for Chemistry Learning in High School
Authors: Kamaludin Agus , Sriyati Siti , Liliawati Winny
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine chemistry teachers' perceptions of ethnoscience-based learning approaches and the characteristics of the Keris Yogyakarta, as well as to examine its potential for high school chemistry education. This qualitative study involves ten high school chemistry teachers in Yogyakarta. Data collection techniques included questionnaires, interviews, and analysis of the high school chemistry curriculum. The research instruments used were survey sheets and interview guidelines. The data were analyzed using qualitative methods of Miles and Huberman. The results show that chemistry teachers have a positive perception of the ethnoscience approach. The Keris can serve  as a thematic element to introduce Yogyakarta culture in chemistry learning. Relevant chemical topics include elemental chemistry and redox reactions. The chemical elements or compounds involved in making the Keris include iron, steel, nickel, arsenic, citric acid, and ascorbic acid. Ethnoscience learning about the Keris provides students with knowledge about applying chemical concepts in its manufacture, integrating local knowledge and culture, and helping students understand chemical concepts more easily and engagingly. Additionally, ethnoscience learning about the Keris can increase students' appreciation and concern for Indonesia's cultural heritage.
The value characteristics of the administrative discourse
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Evtushenko Oksana A. , Prom Natalya A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: September 2024

The presented study was conducted within the framework of axiological linguistics. It has revealed the relationship between the participants of the administrative discourse, namely, a senior official and subordinates, through language markers in order to identify the values of modern managerial communication that regulate these relations. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the value and linguistic characteristics of the administrative discourse as a special dimension of status-based communication are of interest to any person involved in the employer-employee relationship. The authors dwell on the discourse’s qualitative change caused by globalization and digitalization and have come to the conclusion that such an impact is reflected in the evolution of values of the modern administrative discourse. The institutional feature of value attitudes towards subordinates has been proved to be expressed through texts of the “corporate website” hypergenre and lies in promotion of utilitarian and practical values. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the hypergenre of administrative discourse — “corporate website”, which is considered as a multifunctional Internet hypergenre of administrative discourse, incorporating various genres and subgenres, performing an informing function and being virtual environment for institutional, administrative communication, which helps corporate values and traditions be broadcast and cultivated. The results of the discursive and linguistic analysis of corporate websites of organizations made it possible to decode the value dominants in the behavior of the leader in relation to the subordinate. An up-to-date list of administrative discourse values has been compiled and their hierarchy has been built, with the employee loyalty being highlighted as its key value. The identified values are in a binary opposition of “values for the organization” (employee loyalty) — “values for the employee” (person, care, health, education).
Espacios de encierro, detención, castigo y trabajo penado en la historia de Colombia, siglos XVI a XX
Authors: Paola Mabel , Paola Mabel , Amaya Sebastián , Paola Lilia , Abadia Carolina , Quintero Mateo , Venegas Maribel , Armando Óscar , Zuluaga Jacobo , Alejandro Andrés
Published: September 2024

Las obras que abordan en un mismo volumen la historia de los espacios de encierro, detención, castigo y trabajo penado entre los siglos XVI y XX no son frecuentes en Colombia. Para subsanar ese vacío historiográfico, este libro busca responder las siguientes preguntas: ¿Qué papel tuvieron las cárceles, los presidios, las colonias penales y los trabajos forzados, artesanales y agrícolas en el proceso judicial entre el periodo virreinal y el siglo XX?, ¿Qué dinámicas administrativas tenían estos recintos?, ¿Quiénes eran recluidos en ellos y cómo se diferenciaba el trato por sexo?, ¿A qué tipo de restricciones se veían enfrentados y cómo se desarrollaba su vida cotidiana?Al responder esos interrogantes para Cartagena de Indias, Popayán, Antioquia, Cundinamarca y Meta, las y los autores de esta obra registran la evolución de los espacios analizados e identifican rupturas y permanencias que permiten comprender las principales problemáticas del sistema carcelario actual, como el hacinamiento, las condiciones inhumanas de encierro, el crimen organizado, la propensión a la fuga, el nulo presupuesto estatal para reparar los deteriorados espacios carcelarios, el abuso de poder en su interior, la permanencia prolongada e injustificada de los reclusos mientras se adelanta la indagación de sus presuntas acciones criminales y los innumerables debates llevados a cabo en las instancias gubernamentales para pensar o replantear el objetivo principal de las cárceles.
A perspectiva ontológico-materialista da subjetividade
Authors: Tobias Liliane Santos , Aragão Wilson Honorato
Published: September 2024

O artigo analisa a problemática da subjetividade tendo por subsídio a perspectiva ontológico-materialista. Realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como referência a Ontologia do Ser Social (Lukács, 2010 e 2013) para a compreensão da dimensão subjetiva na análise do trabalho e da reprodução, no desenvolvimento da categoria individualidade. Também utilizamos artigos de teóricos brasileiros (Vaisman, 2009; Silveira, 2002; Lessa, 1997; Carli, 2013, Chagas, 2013; Tonet, 2012; Saviani, 2003; e Duarte, 2013) que promoveram essas reflexões sob o prisma do materialismo histórico, perspectiva teórica que orienta nossa investigação e exposição. Os resultados demonstraram que há uma discussão aprofundada sobre a subjetividade em Lukács, decifrando a totalidade de temas complexos que apresentam implicações para a educação. Assim, o texto apresenta fundamentos conceituais/categoriais que contribuem com as investigações. Também permite decifrar o potencial emancipador das subjetividades na práxis educativa, na relação entre a educação e o compromisso ético-transformador, voltando-se ao desenvolvimento da individualidade para si.
Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by a Rare Foreign Body: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Lai Jia-qiang , Xu Yan-neng
Published: September 2024

Background:

Ingestion of gastrointestinal foreign bodies (FB) is a common clinical problem worldwide. Approximately 10–20% of FBs require an endoscopic
procedure for removal, and < 1% require surgery.

Case Description:

An 89-year-old male with Alzheimer's disease was hospitalized because of abdominal pain, abdominal distention, vomiting for three days, and
cessation of bowel movements for six days. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a small intestinal obstruction and an atypical FB
in the small intestine. A pill and remaining plastic casing were removed from the small intestine during surgery. FB is a square with four sharp
acute angles at its edge. The patient was discharged after two weeks of treatment, and no recurrence or complications were observed during the 6-
month follow-up.

Conclusion:

Atypical intestinal FBs may cause misdiagnosis and easily lead to serious complications. Therefore, an appropriate radiological examination, such
as CT, is necessary for unexplained intestinal obstruction. Symptomatic intestinal FBs should be actively removed to avoid serious complications.
Effect of Mindfulness Training Program on Promoting Mental Well-being Among Emergency Nurses
Authors: Abd El-Maksoud Mona M , Ahmed Hanem A A , Al-Metyazidy Heba A. , Elsayed Eman Baleegh Meawad , Aseeri Abeer S. , Asiri Nawal Yahya H , Asiri Manal Ibrahim , Benjamin Lizy Sonia , Elsalous Shaimaa Hashem
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Mindfulness is one therapeutic modality that emergency nurses use extensively to improve their well-being and decrease stress. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of training programs built on mindfulness on promoting mental well-being among emergency nurses.

Methods

A quasi-experimental design was used on a convenient sample of 70 emergency nurses (35 study group and 35 control group) who participated in the study from the emergency department at Al-Ahrar Hospital in the Zagazig City, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, which occurred four months from the beginning of February to the start of June 2022.

Tools for Data Collection

Data were collected using socio-demographic data, a mindfulness questionnaire, the Warwick Edinburgh Mental well-being scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The researchers designed eight training program sessions. The objectives and content were according to the emergency nurses’ needs.

Results

The post-training program for emergency nurses enhanced mindfulness, well-being, and positive emotions (18.12%, 54.03%, and 39.53%, respectively) with a statistically significant improvement. In comparison, negative emotions (45.43%) declined, and there were statistically significant differences between the study and the control group post-program. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the study and control group at preprogram p>0.05.

Conclusion

The study revealed that the Mindfulness Training Program was successful in improving mindfulness levels, mental well-being, positive emotion levels, and decreasing negative emotions. Recommendation: To strengthen the evidence supporting the efficacy of the mindfulness-based stress reduction program for nurses, a study on the impact of mindfulness on nurse work performance and patient outcomes should be conducted.
A Bundle of Best Practices for Short Peripheral Venous Catheterization in Hospitalized Patients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Baptista Chaves Ursula Silva , Gomes Helena Ferraz , Pereira da Costa Carolina Cabral , de Carvalho Danielle Brum Almeida da Cunha Fernandes , de Oliveira Matheus Fernandez , de Paula Vanessa Galdino , de Aguiar Ciríaco Alexandrina , Rodrigues Quezia Marques , de Almeida Luana Ferreira , Leite Dayana Carvalho , Faria Cristiane , Peres Ellen Marcia , de Oliveira Raphael Monteiro , de Andrade Priscila Cristina da Silva Thiengo , Lima da Silva João Victor , de Jesus Patrícia Britto Ribeiro , dos Anjos Laura Queiroz , de Sousa Chami Ariana , Pires Bruna Maiara Ferreira Barreto
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aims to construct a bundle of practices for short peripheral venous catheterization in hospitalized adult and older adult patients, based on best practices available in the scientific literature.

Methods

A methodological study was carried out in two stages: scoping review and bundle construction. The review was conducted according to the JBI recommendations for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews, answering the following question: “What are the best nursing practices for short peripheral venous catheterization in adult and older adult patients hospitalized in clinical wards?” Studies that included adult and older adult patients hospitalized in clinical wards, addressing nursing care in the management of short peripheral venous catheters to prevent iatrogenic complications, using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods approaches, were included. Systematic reviews, expert opinions, and gray literature were also considered.

Results

Nine documents published in different countries with recommendations to prevent complications of short peripheral venous catheterization were included. The bundle was constructed with 25 interventions divided into client preparation, insertion, maintenance/handling, and removal that should be followed to guide good practices in the management of short peripheral venous catheters.

Conclusions

Interventions for short peripheral venous catheters were identified and deemed relevant to prevent complications. There is an urgent need to develop tools to systematize care and to train healthcare teams. Thus, the importance of this paper can be seen in having built this product (bundle) that can guide the clinical practice of several nursing professionals. Research is recommended to be carried out to construct and validate bundles so that they can improve clinical nursing practice and patient care.
Assessing the Quality of COVID-19 Messages on Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Website: A Content Analysis
Authors: Salahshouri Arash , Araban Marzieh , Heydarabadi Akbar Babaei , Hatamzadeh Naser , Jasemzadeh Mehrnoush , Mohamadian Hashem
Published: September 2024

Aims

This study aimed to assess the quality of public messages related to COVID-19 available on the Website of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences [AJUMS].

Background

Accurate and reliable health information is critical in the community, especially when facing global health crises. Medical universities play a key role in providing this information to the general public and the quality of information is expected to be favorable.

Objective

The study aims to conduct a content analysis to evaluate the quality of COVID-19 messages published by AJUMS, focusing on several key criteria including message content type, scientific ability and accuracy of messages, fluency and simplicity of messages, the appearance of content design, and being based on scientific evidence.

Methods

In this descriptive study, 20 news messages were produced on the main website of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences [WEBDA]. Faculties and sub-units were randomly selected and evaluated with the help of a researcher-made checklist. Data analysis was performed using SPSS25 software, as well as Fleiss' Kappa coefficient and descriptive statistics methods.

Results

Of the messages, 73.4% [80/109] were concerned with the prevention, and 34.9% [38/109] were concerned with the management and control of COVID-19. Total 89% [97/109] of messages were targeted at the public, while 14.7% [16/109] were addressed to people in contact with the patient. About 42% [46/109] of the content of messages was related to social distancing, 38.5% [42/109] to hand hygiene, and 16.5% [18/109] to vaccination. About 92.7% [101/109] of messages did not mention any specific group. In terms of message approach, 45% [49/109] of messages had a news tone; 23% [26/109] had a persuasive tone; and 9.2% [10/109] had a threatening tone. Also, the most and least attention of the messages was on physical health [46.8% [51/109]] and spiritual health [2.8% [3/109]], respectively.

Conclusion

To effectively educate the public on health issues, decision-makers should employ experts in message design to provide reliable content. This ensures the target audience receives accurate, information to improve their health and well-being, as most current messages lack scientific strength, fluency, simplicity, and appealing design.
Examining Irrational Beliefs and their Association with the Quality of Life of Students: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yusefi Ali Reza , Atashbahar Omolbanin , Bahmaei Jamshid , Askarpour Hedyeh , Bordbar Shima
Published: September 2024

Background

Irrational beliefs are among the significant factors that contribute to self-harming behaviors and the quality of life. This study aims to examine irrational beliefs and their association with the quality of life among students at Jiroft University of Medical Sciences in southern Iran in 2024.

Methods

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2024 on 290 students enrolled in the second semester of the 2023-2024 academic year at Jiroft University of Medical Sciences (including the faculties of Medicine, Nursing, Public Health, and Paramedicine) in southern Iran. Standardized questionnaires on irrational beliefs and quality of life were used for data collection. T-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients were applied to the data analyzed by SPSS 23 software (α= 0.05).

Results

The mean and standard deviation of irrational beliefs and quality of life were 337.56 ± 22.37 out of 500 and 57.71 ± 14.63 out of 120, respectively, indicating moderate and low levels for these two variables. A statistically significant correlation was observed between students' irrational beliefs and their quality of life (p < 0.001, r = -0.543).

Conclusion

Irrational beliefs in students were estimated at a moderate level, and quality of life at a low level. It is suggested that the authorities in charge of the university's students, advisory, and cultural affairs provide the conditions to improve the quality of life of students, pay attention to their needs, and try to solve their problems to reduce their irrational beliefs.
An Overview of Fault-diagnosis and Fault Tolerance of Power Converters for Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Systems
Authors: Pan Xuetong , Li Wenjuan
Published: September 2024

Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) are renowned for their robustness, wide speed
range, and high fault-tolerant capability, making them highly suitable for high-speed and safetycritical
applications. Research has indicated that power converters are particularly susceptible to
failure in switched reluctance motor drive systems (SRD). Open-circuit faults in the power converter
or winding can result in phase-deficient operation, leading to decreased output torque and
significant torque ripple in SRMs. On the other hand, a short-circuit fault in the power converter
can cause a substantial increase in circuit current, potentially generating a large reverse braking
torque that can destabilize the drive system and damage the entire system, thereby impacting the
normal operation of the SRD. Consequently, it is imperative to conduct fault diagnosis and fault
tolerance studies on power converters for SRD. In this article, the fault diagnosis of a switched
reluctance motor power converter is summarised and described in four aspects, namely current
detection methods, gate signals auxiliary,and mathematical analysis. Fault tolerance of switched
reluctance motor is summarised and described in two aspects, namely improvement of power converter
topology, fault tolerance, and control strategy. A new switched reluctance motor faulttolerant
power converter structure is proposed.

Background:

In the SRD, the power transistors in the power converter are highly vulnerable to
open-circuit and short-circuit faults. Failure to promptly identify the faulty transistors and implement
fault tolerance measures can result in significant damage to the entire system.

Objective:

This paper categorizes the methods of fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control of power
converters. It carefully describes the process, advantages, and disadvantages of each method.

Results:

Fault diagnosis methods and fault tolerance control methods for power converters of
SRD are analysed and future trends are predicted.

Conclusion:

The fault diagnosis of power converters is classified into three categories: current
detection methods, gate Signals auxiliary and mathematical analysis. Each method is described
separately and its advantages and disadvantages are carefully analyzed. To improve the fault tolerance
performance of the power converter, changing the topology of the power converter and
selecting a suitable control strategy can be effective.
Trigeminal Tractotomies and Nucleotomies
Authors: Contreras López William Omar , Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe , Ramírez León Jorge Felipe , Talamoni Fonoff Erich
Published: September 2024

Microendoscopic trigeminal nucleotractotomy (MENT) is a minimally
invasive surgical procedure used to treat trigeminal neuralgia (TN). In this chapter, the
authors describe the clinical outcomes associated with MENT regarding pain relief and
functional improvement. Our novel technique resulted in a significant reduction in pain
scores following MENT, as indicated by a decrease in the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
scores. Additionally, a substantial proportion of patients reported functional
improvement, including enhanced ability to perform daily activities. The success of
MENT is influenced by factors such as patient selection, surgical technique, and
underlying causes of TN. Although the study provides short-term follow-up and
feasibility data, further research with longer-term evaluations is necessary to assess the
durability of pain relief achieved through MENT.
Pathophysiology of Myelomeningocele and Modern Surgical Treatment
Authors: Contreras López William Omar , Quintero Jezid Miranda , Munárriz Cristóbal Abello , Anaya Guido Parra , Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe , Hernandez Juan David , Saavedra Miguel Parra
Published: September 2024

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most relevant clinical variant of spina
bifida - a birth defect resulting in an open vertebral column. The failure of the
lumbosacral neural tube to close during embryonic development may compromise the
spinal cord in utero due to exposure to amniotic fluid and irritation by the uterine wall.
Resulting neurological deficits may vary depending on the spinal level involved. Most
neural tube defects are diagnosed in the second trimester by ultrasound. Early prenatal
diagnosis allows in-utero repair to diminish neurological deficits and the need for
postnatal ventricular shunting. In this chapter, the authors present a brief review of the
pathophysiology of fetal MMC and the various repair options, and their associated
clinical outcomes. Clinical studies suggest improved short-term neurological outcomes
with percutaneous minimally invasive and intrauterine fetoscopic techniques using
endoscopes compared with an open prenatal or postnatal repair. The main limitations of
these modern techniques are preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and dehiscence or leakage at the MMC repair. Additional benefits may include a lower risk
of preterm labor, reduced need for postnatal revisions, and improved newborn maturity
with higher gestational age. Fetoscopy may also offer better management of the
membranes and primary closure of uterine port sites. The long-term cognitive,
behavioral, and functional outcomes of fetoscopic MMC repair have yet to be
determined. While cesarean section may be required for delivery in subsequent
pregnancies after traditional open prenatal MMC repair to avoid uterine rupture,
fetoscopic methods with externalization of the uterus by maternal laparotomy may
allow spontaneous vaginal delivery at term.
Fetoscopy Techniques for Myelomeningocele
Authors: Contreras López William Omar , Quintero Jezid Miranda , Munárriz Cristóbal Abello , Anaya Guido Parra , Lewandroski Kai-Uwe , Hernandez Juan David , Saavedra Miguel Parra
Published: September 2024

Myelomeningocele (MMC) repair was traditionally performed postpartum.
Developmental delay, neurological deficits, and the need for shunting are persistent
problems associated with this type of repair. Alternative open prenatal repairs have
been proposed. Clinical studies suggest improved short-term neurological outcomes
with percutaneous minimally invasive and intrauterine fetoscopic techniques using
endoscopes, when compared with an open prenatal or postnatal repair. In this chapter,
the authors present the various currently practiced forms of percutaneous fetoscopic
MMC repair. These are frequently carried out via externalization of the uterus through
a maternal laparotomy. The primary limitations of these procedures are preterm
premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and dehiscence or leakage at the MMC
repair. The authors also present their preferred three-layer repair technique and their
clinical outcomes of a small case series performed to date. Their results suggest several
benefits of the full percutaneous fetoscopic technique, including a lower risk of preterm& labor, reduced need for postnatal revisions, and improved newborn maturity with
higher gestational age. The authors conclude that fetoscopy may also offer better
management of the membranes and primary closure of uterine port sites. The long-term
cognitive, behavioral, and functional outcomes of fetoscopic MMC repair will need to
be studied. Additional clinical outcome studies should show whether caesarean section
may be required for delivery in subsequent pregnancies following the use of the
fetoscopic technique to avoid uterine rupture that is commonplace after traditional open
prenatal MMC repair. With the authors' technique, spontaneous vaginal delivery at
term is feasible.
Endoscopically Visualized Rhizotomy for the Management of Chronic Facetogenic Low Back Pain
Authors: Name Guerra José Antonio , Castro Prasca Daniel Andres , Contreras López William Omar , Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe
Published: September 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of endoscopic lumbar facet
rhizotomy, a minimally invasive surgical technique for managing chronic low back
pain originating from the facet joints. The authors discuss the relevant anatomy of the
lumbar facet joint complex, the pathophysiology of facet joint-related pain, the
inclusion and exclusion criteria for the surgery, and explain the surgery’s step-by-step
choreography by highlighting the use of advanced imaging and endoscopic technology
for precise targeting and ablation of the medial branch of the dorsal facet nerve. The
authors review their clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the authors discuss the current
evidence, research advancements, and future directions in the field. This book chapter
is a valuable resource for surgeons, pain specialists, and healthcare professionals
interested in understanding and implementing endoscopic lumbar facet rhizotomy as an
effective and minimally invasive approach for managing facet joint-related low back
pain.
Patterns of Marriage and divorce from ages 15 to 55: Evidence from the NLSY79
Authors: Aughinbaugh Alison , Rothstein Donna
Published: September 2024

This article uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) to examine marriage and divorce patterns for a cohort born in the years 1957 to 1964. By age 55, 87 percent of men and women had married at least once and 40 percent had divorced at least once; among those who had married, 46 percent had divorced at least once. On average, people had 1.2 marriages by age 55. We find that marriage and divorce patterns over the lifecycle varied by race, ethnicity, educational attainment, and work history. Black men were less likely to get married than White or Hispanic men at each age, with the gap widening as they got older. Similarly, Black women had consistently lower rates of entry into a first marriage than White and Hispanic women as they aged. College-educated men and women married at older ages than those with less schooling. Men with a bachelor’s degree or higher were more likely to marry and less likely to divorce than those with less education. Women with a bachelor’s degree or higher were less likely to divorce. Men who spent more years in full-time work were more likely to marry and less likely to divorce. In contrast women who worked full time in at least 80 percent of the years from ages 25 to 54 were less likely to marry than women who worked full time in a smaller percentage of years.