bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fractioning on Antibacterial Activity of Enantia chlorantha Oliver (Annonaceae) Methanol Extract and Mode of Action
Authors: Ebelle Etame Rebeca , Mouokeu Raymond Simplice , Cidjeu Pouaha Cedric Laurel , Voukeng Kenfack Igor , Tchientcheu Raphael , Assam Assam Jean Paul , Monthe Poundeu Frank Stève , Tchinda Tiabou Alembert , Etoa François Xavier , Kuiate Jules Roger , Ngono Ngane Rosalie Anne
Published: April 2018

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria constitute the main cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and mainly in developing countries. In this work, the influence of fractioning and the mode of action of stem barks methanol extract of Enantia chlorantha were investigated. The aim was to optimize the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract. The extract was prepared by maceration of barks powder in methanol. Fractioning was done using increasing solvents polarity. Standard phytochemical methods were used for phytochemical screening. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the methanol extract and fractions were determined using broth microdilution method. The studied mode of action of both methanol extract and n‐butanol fraction included antibiofilm activity, H+‐ATPase‐mediated proton pumping assay, salt tolerance, and cells cycle. The methanol extract of E. chlorantha stem barks was found to be active on all the bacteria tested (32 ≤ MIC ≤ 512 μg/mL), its activity being significant (MIC < 100 μg/ml) out of 5 of the 28 clinical isolates used. Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A was the most sensitive (32 μg/mL). Compared to the extract and other fractions, the n‐butanol fraction was found to be more active (32 ≤ MIC ≤ 256). Significant antibacterial activity of this fraction was observed out of 10 of the 28 bacterial isolates and 3 out of 7 bacterial strains. Lowest MIC values (32 μg/ml) of this fraction were obtained with Escherichia coli (136), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CIP 76110), and Salmonella enterica serovar typhi 9. The methanol extract of E. chlorantha and its n‐butanol fraction revealed several modes of action including the prolongation of the latency phase of the bacterial growth, the inhibition of the pump with protons H+ ‐ ATPases bacterial, the loss of the salt tolerance of the Staphylococcus aureus, and inhibition of the formation of the bacterial biofilm. The present results showed that the n‐butanol fraction of the methanol stem barks extract of E. chlorantha possess the essential antibacterial components and could best be used to fight against bacterial infections as compared to methanol extract.
Royal Jelly Supplementation Improves Menopausal Symptoms Such as Backache, Low Back Pain, and Anxiety in Postmenopausal Japanese Women
Authors: Asama Takashi , Matsuzaki Hidenori , Fukushima Shinobu , Tatefuji Tomoki , Hashimoto Ken , Takeda Takashi
Published: April 2018

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Royal Jelly (RJ) at a dose of 800 mg/day on menopausal symptoms in healthy Japanese postmenopausal women with placebo‐controlled design. Material and Methods. A total of 42 healthy Japanese postmenopausal women have been recruited for this study. The subjects were randomized to oral treatment with either 800 mg of protease‐digested lyophilized powder of RJ (enzyme‐treated RJ) or placebo (800 mg of dextrin) daily for 12 weeks. The level of menopausal symptoms has been evaluated every 4 weeks, using menopausal symptoms questionnaire of Japanese women. Independent t‐test was used to evaluate statistical significance of the treatment effects between the two groups. Results and Conclusion. All of the 42 women have completed the trial. There were significant differences related to the anxiety score (P = 0.046) and backache and low back pain score (P = 0.040) between 800 mg/day enzyme‐treated RJ and placebo‐treated groups after 12 weeks of administration, and no significant differences were found between the two groups in 4 weeks after intervention. No side effects were observed in either group. This study demonstrates that enzyme‐treated RJ supplementation with doses of 800 mg/day is effective in relieving menopausal symptoms such as anxiety, backache, and low back pain in Japanese postmenopausal women.
Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma That Changed to a Functional Gonadotropinoma
Authors: Andino-Ríos Gerson Geovany , Portocarrero-Ortiz Lesly , Rojas-Guerrero Carlos , Terrones-Lozano Alejandro , Ortiz-Plata Alma , Reza-Albarrán Alfredo Adolfo
Published: April 2018

Objective. Pituitary adenomas can be classified as clinically functional or silent. Depending on the reviewed literature, these are the first or second place in frequency of the total pituitary adenomas. Even rarer is the presence of a functional gonadotropinoma since only very few case reports exist to date. The conversion of a clinically silent to functional pituitary adenoma is extraordinarily rare; the mechanisms that explain these phenomena are unknown or not fully understood. Methods. We report the case of a woman who initially had a nonfunctional gonadotropinoma and in the course of her medical condition showed biochemical changes in her hormonal pituitary profile compatible with a functional gonadotropinoma. Results. We considered that the patient had a functional gonadotropinoma due to the hyperestrogenemia in the context of secondary amenorrhea, resolving the hyperestrogenemia after almost complete resection of the tumor. Conclusion. It is necessary to point out from a clinical and/or biochemical point of view the change in functionality that a nonfunctional pituitary adenoma may have. In the case of our patient, the suspicion of this change in functionality became evident when we found an increase in the FSH/LH ratio and a progressive increase in serum estradiol concentrations when the patient had amenorrhea.
Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Temporal Arteritis
Authors: Emmanuela Obiorah Ifeyinwa , Ozdemirli Metin
Published: April 2018

Intravascular lymphoma is a rare type of lymphoma, characterized by growth of lymphoma cells within the microvasculature. The majority of the cases are of B-cell lineage, although rare examples of T or NK lineage have also been reported. The lymphoma is usually widely disseminated in the vascular spaces of any organ at the time of diagnosis including the skin and bone marrow. Lymph nodes are typically spared. The clinical picture depends on the specific organ involvement making the correct diagnosis very difficult. Here, we report a case of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma diagnosed postmortem on a 69-year-old African-American male who presented with unilateral proptosis and visual loss. An initial diagnosis of temporal arteritis was made and the patient received corticosteroids. However, the patient developed multiorgan failure and expired. On autopsy, there was disseminated intravascular lymphoma involving predominantly vessels within the heart, kidneys, liver, stomach, lungs, adrenal glands, small intestine, bladder, thyroid, and brain. Interestingly, there was also partial involvement of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes which is an unusual presentation in this disorder. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the lymphoma cells were positive for CD20, indicating B-cell phenotype. This case supports the “mimicking nature” of this rare entity with an unusual presentation with proptosis and visual loss, simulating temporal arteritis and a rare involvement of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The presentation of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma can vary, and the key to diagnosis is dependent on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Increased awareness, early tissue diagnosis, and prompt chemotherapy are crucial for this otherwise lethal disease.
Analysis of RCS of Low Observable Aircraft in VHF Band
Authors: Jeong Yi-Ru , Park Chan-Sun , Ko Young-Kwan , Yook Jong-Gwan
Published: April 2018

Electromagnetic signatures of a low observable aircraft have been studied in VHF band. First of all, a three-dimensional model of the aircraft has been established for numerical computation. Then, monostatic and bistatic radar cross sections (RCS) have been calculated. The model of the aircraft is made by a curved surface, and commercial as well as in-house three-dimensional electromagnetic code which is based on the method of moments (MoM) is utilized to calculate the RCS. A characteristic basis function method (CBFM) and a multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) have been applied to analyze electrically large objects. The change of the monostatic RCS is very large depending on the direction of the incident wave. The maximum value is about 42 dBsm at the top and bottom of the aircraft, and the minimum value is about −10 dBsm at the front and back of the aircraft. It is found that the bistatic RCS also changes dramatically depending on the direction of the incident wave. The direction of maximum RCS occurs around specular reflection, and the value of maximum RCS ranges from 27 dBsm to 43 dBsm. On the other hand, the direction of the minimum RCS occurs irregularly, and the value is in the level of −30 dBsm.
Self‐Care for Common Colds: The Pivotal Role of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea in Three Main Immune Interactive Clusters (Physical Barriers, Innate and Adaptive Immunity) Involved during an Episode of Common Colds—Practical Advice on Dosages and on the Time to Take These Nutrients/Botanicals in order to Prevent or Treat Common Colds
Authors: Rondanelli Mariangela , Miccono Alessandra , Lamburghini Silvia , Avanzato Ilaria , Riva Antonella , Allegrini Pietro , Faliva Milena Anna , Peroni Gabriella , Nichetti Mara , Perna Simone
Published: April 2018

Maintaining a normal healthy immune defense system lowers the incidence and/or the severity of symptoms and/or the duration of common cold (CC). Physical barriers and innate and adaptive immunity have been involved during a CC episode. Vitamins C and D, zinc, and Echinacea have evidence‐based efficacy on these immune system barriers. This review includes 82 eligible studies to consider the preventive role of these nutrients in immune clusters and in CC to provide advice on dosage and assumption of these nutrients. Regarding vitamin C, regular supplementation (1 to 2 g/day) has shown that vitamin C reduces the duration (in adults by 8%, in children by 14%) and the severity of CC. Considering zinc, the supplementation may shorten the duration of colds by approximately 33%. CC patients may be instructed to try zinc within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. As for vitamin D, the supplementation protected against CC overall, considering baseline levels and age. Patients with vitamin D deficiency and those not receiving bolus doses experienced the most benefit. Regarding Echinacea, prophylactic treatment with this extract (2400 mg/day) over 4 months appeared to be beneficial for preventing/treating CC. In conclusion, the current evidence of efficacy for zinc, vitamins D and C, and Echinacea is so interesting that CC patients may be encouraged to try them for preventing/treating their colds, although further studies are needed on this topic.
Early Response after Catheter Ablation of the Epicardial Substrate in a Patient with Brugada Syndrome Can Be Predicted by High Precordial Leads
Authors: Park Yae Min , Cha Mi Sook , Choi Hanul , Kang Woong Chol , Han Seung Hwan , Choi In Suck , Shin Eak Kyun , Kim Young-Hoon
Published: April 2018

A 52-year-old male with Brugada syndrome presented with repeated and appropriate shock from an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Catheter ablation for substrate elimination targeting low-voltage, complex, and fractionated electrocardiograms and late potentials in the epicardial right ventricular outflow tract was successfully performed. Brugada phenotype in the right precordial leads from the third intercostal space disappeared in the early stage after catheter ablation and that from the standard fourth intercostal space disappeared later. He remained free from ventricular fibrillation over the next fourteen months. We suggest that this novel ablation strategy is effective in Brugada syndrome patients with ICD, and early response after catheter ablation can be predicted by high precordial leads.
Antifungal Effects of Saponin Extract from Rhizomes of Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burk against Candida albicans
Authors: Yang Longfei , Liu Xin , Zhuang Xinming , Feng Xuechao , Zhong Lili , Ma Tonghui
Published: April 2018

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen causing serious diseases, while there are only a paucity of antifungal drugs. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the antifungal effects of saponin extract from rhizomes of Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burk (Huangshanyao Saponin extract, HSE) against C. albicans. HSE inhibits the planktonic growth and biofilm formation and development of C. albicans. 16–64 μg/mL of HSE could inhibit adhesion to polystyrene surfaces, transition from yeast to filamentous growth, and production of secreted phospholipase and could also induce endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and disrupt cell membrane in planktonic cells. Inhibitory activities against extracellular exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and ROS production in preformed biofilms could be inhibited by 64–256 μg/mL of HSE. Cytotoxicity against human Chang’s liver cells is low, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of about 256 μg/mL. In sum, our study suggested that HSE might be used as a potential antifungal therapeutic against C. albicans.
Human Bone Marrow Contains Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells That Differentiate In Vitro into Contractile Myofibroblasts Controlling T Lymphocyte Proliferation
Authors: Lecarpentier Yves , Schussler Olivier , Sakic Antonija , Rincon-Garriz José Maria , Soulie Priscilla , Bochaton-Piallat Marie-Luce , Kindler Vincent
Published: April 2018

Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSC) that reside in the bone marrow (BM) can be amplified in vitro. In 2-dimension (D) cultures, MSC exhibit a morphology similar to fibroblasts, are able to inhibit T lymphocyte and natural killer cell proliferation, and can be differentiated into adipocytes, chondrocytes, or osteoblasts if exposed to specific media. Here we show that medullar MSC cultured in 2D formed an adherent stroma of cells expressing well-organized microfilaments containing α-smooth muscle actin and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA. MSC could be grown in 3D in collagen membranes generating a structure which, upon exposition to 50 mM KCl or to an alternating electric current, developed a contractile strength that averaged 34 and 45 μN/mm2, respectively. Such mechanical tension was similar in intensity and in duration to that of human placenta and was annihilated by isosorbide dinitrate or 2,3-butanedione monoxime. Membranes devoid of MSC did not exhibit a significant contractility. Moreover, MSC nested in collagen membranes were able to control T lymphocyte proliferation, and differentiated into adipocytes, chondrocytes, or osteoblasts. Our observations show that BM-derived MSC cultured in collagen membranes spontaneously differentiate into contractile myofibroblasts exhibiting unexpected properties in terms of cell differentiation potential and of immunomodulatory function.
Application of Data Clustering to Railway Delay Pattern Recognition
Authors: Cerreto Fabrizio , Nielsen Bo Friis , Nielsen Otto Anker , Harrod Steven S.
Published: April 2018

K-means clustering is employed to identify recurrent delay patterns on a high traffic railway line north of Copenhagen, Denmark. The clusters identify behavioral patterns in the very large (“big data”) datasets generated automatically and continuously by the railway signal system. The results reveal the conditions where corrective actions are necessary, showing the cases where recurrent delay patterns take place. Delay profiles and delay change profiles are generated from timestamps to compare different train runs and to partition the set of observations into groups of similar elements. K-means clustering can identify and discriminate different patterns affecting the same stations, which is otherwise difficult in previous approaches based on visual inspection. Classical methods of univariate analysis do not reveal these patterns. The demonstrated methodology is scalable and can be applied to any system of transport.
Urinary Proteome Analysis Identified Neprilysin and VCAM as Proteins Involved in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Guillén-Gómez Elena , Bardají-de-Quixano Beatriz , Ferrer Sílvia , Brotons Carlos , Knepper Mark A. , Carrascal Montserrat , Abian Joaquin , Mas José M. , Calero Francesca , Ballarín José A. , Fernández-Llama Patricia
Published: April 2018

Urinary proteome was analyzed and quantified by tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling followed by bioinformatics analysis to study diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathophysiology and to identify biomarkers of a clinical outcome. We included type 2 diabetic normotensive non-obese males with (n=9) and without (n=11) incipient DN (microalbuminuria). Sample collection included blood and urine at baseline (control and DN basal) and, in DN patients, after 3 months of losartan treatment (DN treated). Urinary proteome analysis identified 166 differentially abundant proteins between controls and DN patients, 27 comparing DN-treated and DN-basal patients, and 182 between DN-treated patients and controls. The mathematical modeling analysis predicted 80 key proteins involved in DN pathophysiology and 15 in losartan effect, a total of 95 proteins. Out of these 95, 7 are involved in both processes. VCAM-1 and neprilysin stand out of these 7 for being differentially expressed in the urinary proteome. We observed an increase of VCAM-1 urine levels in DN-basal patients compared to diabetic controls and an increase of urinary neprilysin in DN-treated patients with persistent albuminuria; the latter was confirmed by ELISA. Our results point to neprilysin and VCAM-1 as potential candidates in DN pathology and treatment.
On the Use of Tunable Power Splitter for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer Receivers
Authors: Quddious Abdul , Abbasi Muhammad Ali Babar , Tariq Muhammad Haroon , Antoniades Marco A. , Vryonides Photos , Nikolaou Symeon
Published: April 2018

The use of a tunable power splitter (PS) as a constituent component of a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system is discussed. Two varactor diodes are used to achieve a tunable output power ratio P2 : P3 varying from 1 : 1 to 1 : 10 under good matching conditions. The SWIPT system that operates at 2.4 GHz consists of a typical patch antenna, cascaded with the tunable PS, and a voltage doubler rectifier. The constituent components were implemented and tested as stand-alone devices and were subsequently combined in a measurement system using interconnectors. The effect of the tunable PS was explored with respect to the SNR measurements on the port that is intended for the information decoding receiver and the DC voltage measurements on the termination load of the rectifier that is connected directly on the energy harvesting port of the tunable PS. A spectrum analyzer is used for the SNR measurements while the input power is controlled using a signal generator. Both wireless power transmission and on-board measurements verify that the harvested energy can be maximized by using the minimum SNR at the information decoding branch at the expense of DC power consumption required for the biasing of the varactor diodes.
Preconditioning by Hydrogen Peroxide Enhances Multiple Properties of HumanDecidua BasalisMesenchymal Stem/Multipotent Stromal Cells
Authors: Khatlani T. , Algudiri D. , Alenzi R. , Al Subayyil A. M. , Abomaray F. M. , Bahattab E. , AlAskar A. S. , Kalionis B. , El-Muzaini M. F. , Abumaree M. H.
Published: April 2018

Stem cell-based therapies rely on stem cell ability to repair in an oxidative stress environment. Preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to a stress environment has beneficial effects on their ability to repair injured tissues. We previously reported that MSCs from thedecidua basalis(DBMSCs) of human placenta have many important cellular functions that make them potentially useful for cell-based therapies. Here, we studied the effect of DBMSC preconditioning to a stress environment. DBMSCs were exposed to various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and their functions were then assessed. DBMSC expression of immune molecules after preconditioning was also determined. DBMSC preconditioning with H2O2enhanced their proliferation, colonogenicity, adhesion, and migration. In addition, DBMSCs regardless of H2O2treatment displayed antiangiogenic activity. H2O2preconditioning also increased DBMSC expression of genes that promote cellular functions and decreased the expression of genes, which have opposite effect on their functions. Preconditioning also reduced DBMSC expression of IL-1β, but had no effects on the expression of other immune molecules that promote proliferation, adhesion, and migration. These data show that DBMSCs resist a toxic environment, which adds to their potential as a candidate stem cell type for treating various diseases in hostile environments.
Almost Periodic Synchronization for Quaternion‐Valued Neural Networks with Time‐Varying Delays
Authors: Li Yongkun , Meng Xiaofang , Ye Yuan
Published: April 2018

This paper focuses on the global exponential almost periodic synchronization of quaternion‐valued neural networks with time‐varying delays. By virtue of the exponential dichotomy of linear differential equations, Banach’s fixed point theorem, Lyapunov functional method, and differential inequality technique, some sufficient conditions are established for assuring the existence and global exponential synchronization of almost periodic solutions of the delayed quaternion‐valued neural networks, which are completely new. Finally, we give one example with simulation to show the applicability and effectiveness of our main results.
Chair-Side Direct Microscopy Procedure for Diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis in an Adolescent
Authors: Lemaitre Mathieu , Cousty Sarah , Marty Mathieu
Published: April 2018

Oral candidiasis is caused by fungi of the genus Candida and one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections of the human oral cavity. Given the clinical variability of this disease, microbiological techniques are often required for clinical confirmation, as well as establishing a differential diagnosis with other diseases. The aim of this brief technical report is to illustrate a simple chair-side method, which can provide immediate microscopic diagnosis of this disease. We present the case of a 14-year-old boy suffering from a denture-related erythematous stomatitis, diagnosed and followed-up with a simplified direct microscopy technique. It enables an accurate diagnosis with a noninvasive and painless sampling method, linked to laboratory results.
Undiagnosed Kidney Injury in Uninsured and Underinsured Diabetic African American Men and Putative Role of Meprin Metalloproteases in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Cao Lei , Sedighi Rashin , Boston Ava , Premadasa Lakmini , Pinder Jamilla , Crawford George E. , Jegede Olugbemiga E. , Harrison Scott H. , Newman Robert H. , Ongeri Elimelda Moige
Published: April 2018

Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. African Americans are disproportionately burdened by diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD). Disparities in DKD have genetic and socioeconomic components, yet its prevalence in African Americans is not adequately studied. The current study used multiple biomarkers of DKD to evaluate undiagnosed DKD in uninsured and underinsured African American men in Greensboro, North Carolina. Participants consisted of three groups: nondiabetic controls, diabetic patients without known kidney disease, and diabetic patients with diagnosed DKD. Our data reveal undiagnosed kidney injury in a significant proportion of the diabetic patients, based on levels of both plasma and urinary biomarkers of kidney injury, namely, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, kidney injury molecule-1, cystatin C, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. We also found that the urinary levels of meprin A, meprin B, and two kidney meprin targets (nidogen-1 and monocytes chemoattractant protein-1) increased with severity of kidney injury, suggesting a potential role for meprin metalloproteases in the pathophysiology of DKD in this subpopulation. The study also demonstrates a need for more aggressive tests to assess kidney injury in uninsured diabetic patients to facilitate early diagnosis and targeted interventions that could slow progression to ESRD.
Receptivity of the Boundary Layer over a Blunt Wedge with Distributed Roughness at Mach 6
Authors: Wang Zhenqing , Shi Mingfang , Tang Xiaojun , Xu Lidan , Sun Xiaokun
Published: April 2018

A hypersonic flow field over a blunt wedge with or without roughness is simulated by a direct numerical simulation method. The effect of isolated and distributed roughnesses on the steady and unsteady hypersonic flow field and boundary layer is analyzed. The shape of roughness is controlled by cubic polynomial. The evolution of disturbance waves caused by slow acoustic wave in the boundary layer is investigated by fast Fourier spectrum analysis. The results show that there is a great influence of roughness on the evolution of disturbance waves in the hypersonic boundary layer. The disturbance waves are promoted in the upstream-half region of roughness while suppressed in the downstream-half region of roughness. There is always a mode competition among different modes both in the temporal domain and in the frequency domain in the boundary layer, and mode competition is affected by roughness. The location of the dominant mode which is changed to a second-order harmonic mode from the fundamental mode moves upstream. The vortices caused by roughness also impact the evolution of disturbance waves in the boundary layer. The fundamental mode is suppressed in the vortex region while other harmonic modes are promoted.
Acute Hyperbaric Oxygenation, Contrary to Intermittent Hyperbaric Oxygenation, Adversely Affects Vasorelaxation in Healthy Sprague‐Dawley Rats due to Increased Oxidative Stress
Authors: Mihaljević Zrinka , Matić Anita , Stupin Ana , Rašić Lidija , Jukić Ivana , Drenjančević Ines
Published: April 2018

The present study was aimed at assessing endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation, at measuring superoxide production in the aorta and femoral artery, and at determining antioxidative enzyme expression and activity in aortas of male Sprague‐Dawley rats (N = 135), randomized to an A‐HBO2 group exposed to a single hyperbaric oxygenation session (120 ′ of 100% O2 at 2.0 bars), a 24H‐HBO2 group (single session, examined 24 h after exposure), a 4D‐HBO2 group (4 consecutive days of single sessions), and a CTRL group (untreated group). Vasorelaxation of aortic rings in response to acetylcholine (AChIR) and to reduced pO2 (HIR) was tested in vitro in the absence/presence of NOS inhibitor L‐NAME and superoxide scavenger TEMPOL. eNOS, iNOS, antioxidative enzyme, and NADPH oxidase mRNA expression was assessed by qPCR. Serum oxidative stress markers and enzyme activity were assessed by spectrometry, and superoxide production was determined by DHE fluorescence. Impaired AChIR and HIR in the A‐HBO2 group were restored by TEMPOL. L‐NAME inhibited AChIR in all groups. Serum oxidative stress and superoxide production were increased in the A‐HBO2 group compared to all other groups. The mRNA expression of iNOS was decreased in the A‐HBO2 and 24H‐HBO2 groups while SOD1 and 3 and NADPH oxidase were increased in the 4D‐HBO2 group. The expression and activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were increased in the 4D‐HBO2 group as well. AChIR was NO dependent. Acute HBO2 transiently impaired vasorelaxation due to increased oxidative stress. Vasorelaxation was restored and oxidative stress was normalized 24 h after the treatment.
The Recent Advances of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Medicine
Authors: Guo Ting , Lin Mei , Huang Junxing , Zhou Chenglin , Tian Weizhong , Yu Hong , Jiang Xingmao , Ye Jun , Shi Yujuan , Xiao Yanhong , Bian Xuefeng , Feng Xiaoqian
Published: April 2018

With the progress of nanotechnology and molecular biology, nanoparticles have been widely studied and applied in biomedicine. Particularly, characterized by unique magnetic property, targeting, and biocompatibility, magnetic nanoparticles have become one of the research hotspots in the nanomedical field. Herein, we summarized the recent advances of magnetic nanoparticles in medicine, including the property, carrier function, MRI, and tumor magnetic inductive hyperthermia of magnetic nanoparticles.
Characterization of Microbial Communities in Pilot-Scale Constructed Wetlands with Salicornia for Treatment of Marine Aquaculture Effluents
Authors: Ma Xiaona , Song Xingqiang , Li Xian , Fu Songzhe , Li Meng , Liu Ying
Published: April 2018

Microorganisms play an essential role in the performance of constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment. However, there has been limited discussion on the characteristics of microbial communities in CWs for treatment of effluents from marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). This study is aimed at characterizing the microbial communities of pilot-scale CWs with Salicornia bigelovii for treatment of saline wastewater from a land-based Atlantic salmon RAS plant located in Northern China. Illumina high-throughput sequencing was employed to identify the profile of microbial communities of three CWs receiving wastewater under different total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations. Results of this study showed remarkable spatial variations in diversity and composition of microbial communities between roots and substrates in three CWs, with distinct response to different TAN concentrations. In particular, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were predominant in roots, while Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, and Bacteroidetes were prevalent in substrates. Moreover, redundancy analysis indicated that specific functional genera, such as Nitrosopumilus, Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Nitrospina, and Planctomyces, played key roles in the removal of nitrogen/phosphorus pollutants and growth of wetland plants. From a microorganism perspective, the findings of this study could contribute to better understanding of contaminants’ removal mechanism and improved management of CWs for treatment of effluents from land-based marine aquaculture.
Investigation of the Acoustic Properties of Chemically Impregnated Kayu Malam Wood Used for Musical Instrument
Authors: Hossen Md. Faruk , Hamdan Sinin , Rahman Md. Rezaur
Published: April 2018

The chemical modification or impregnation through preparing the wood polymer composites (WPCs) can effectively reduce the hygroscopicity as well as can improve the acoustic properties of wood. On the other hand, a small amount of nanoclay into the chemical mixture can further improve the different properties of the WPCs through the preparation of wood polymer nanocomposites (WPNCs). Kayu Malam wood species with styrene (St), vinyl acetate (VA), and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay were used for the preparation of WPNCs. The acoustic properties such as specific dynamic Young’s modulus (Ed/γ), internal friction (Q−1), and acoustic conversion efficiency (ACE) of wood were examined using free‐free flexural vibration. It was observed that the chemically impregnated wood composite showed a higher value of Ed/γ than raw wood and the nanoclay‐loaded wood nanocomposite showed the highest value. The reverse trend was observed in the case of Q−1. On the other hand, chemical impregnation has a minor effect on ACE of wood for musical instruments. The results suggested that the chemically impregnated Kayu Malam wood polymer nanocomposite (WPNC) is suitable for making soundboards of violin and guitar instruments to be played longer without losing tone quality.
Dual-Task Walking in Challenging Environments in People with Stroke: Cognitive-Motor Interference and Task Prioritization
Authors: Timmermans Celine , Roerdink Melvyn , Janssen Thomas W. J. , Meskers Carel G. M. , Beek Peter J.
Published: May 2018

Cognitive-motor interference may contribute to the risk of falling in people with stroke, as may be the associated phenomenon of inappropriate task prioritization. Examining dual-task walking could provide valuable insights as to how to best evaluate and treat walking in people with stroke. This study aimed to examine the effect of different walking environments on cognitive-motor interference and task prioritization in dual-task walking in people with stroke. Using a repeated-measures design, cognitive-motor interference and task prioritization were assessed in 30 stroke survivors, while walking in a plain environment and in two challenging environments that were enriched with either stationary physical context or suddenly appearing projector-augmented context. All three walking environment conditions were performed with and without a concurrent serial-3 subtraction task. We found stronger cognitive-motor interference for the two challenging environments than for the plain walking environment. Cognitive-motor interference did not differ between challenging walking environments, but task prioritization did: motor performance was prioritized more in the environment with physical context than in the environment with projector-augmented context and vice versa for cognitive-task performance. In conclusion, walking environment strongly influenced cognitive-motor interference and task prioritization during dual-task walking in people with stroke.
Automatic Spine Tissue Segmentation from MRI Data Based on Cascade of Boosted Classifiers and Active Appearance Model
Authors: Gaweł Dominik , Główka Paweł , Kotwicki Tomasz , Nowak Michał
Published: April 2018

The study introduces a novel method for automatic segmentation of vertebral column tissue from MRI images. The paper describes a method that combines multiple stages of Machine Learning techniques to recognize and separate different tissues of the human spine. For the needs of this paper, 50 MRI examinations presenting lumbosacral spine of patients with low back pain were selected. After the initial filtration, automatic vertebrae recognition using Cascade Classifier takes place. Afterwards the main segmentation process using the patch based Active Appearance Model is performed. Obtained results are interpolated using centripetal Catmull–Rom splines. The method was tested on previously unseen vertebrae images segmented manually by 5 physicians. A test validating algorithm convergence per iteration was performed and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was calculated. Additionally, the 10-fold cross-validation analysis has been done. Presented method proved to be comparable to the physicians (FF=90.19±1.01%). Moreover results confirmed a proper algorithm convergence. Automatically segmented area correlated well with manual segmentation for single measurements (r¯=0.8336) and for average measurements (r¯=0.9068) with p=0.05. The 10-fold cross-validation analysis (FF=91.37±1.13%) confirmed a good model generalization resulting in practical performance.
Adiponectin: A New Regulator of Female Reproductive System
Authors: Dobrzyn Kamil , Smolinska Nina , Kiezun Marta , Szeszko Karol , Rytelewska Edyta , Kisielewska Katarzyna , Gudelska Marlena , Kaminski Tadeusz
Published: April 2018

Adiponectin is the hormone that belongs to the group of adipokines, chemical agents mainly derived from the white adipose tissue. The hormone plays pleiotropic roles in the organism, but the most important function of adiponectin is the control of energy metabolism. The presence of adiponectin and its receptors in the structures responsible for the regulation of female reproductive functions, such as hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, indicates that adiponectin may be involved in the female fertility regulation. The growing body of evidence suggests also that adiponectin action is dependent on the actual and hormonal status of the animal. Present study presents the current knowledge about the presence and role of adiponectin system (adiponectin and its receptors: AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in the ovaries, oviduct, and uterus, as well as in the hypothalamus and pituitary, the higher branches of HPG axis, involved in the female fertility regulation.
Fish Scale-Derived Scaffolds for Culturing Human Corneal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Parekh Mohit , Van den Bogerd Bert , Zakaria Nadia , Ponzin Diego , Ferrari Stefano
Published: April 2018

Purpose. To investigate the biocompatibility of fish scale-derived scaffolds (FSS) with primary human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs). Methods. HCEnCs were isolated from 30 donor corneas in a donor-matched study and plated in precoated Lab-Tek slides (n=15) and FSS (n=15). Cell morphology, proliferation/migration, and glucose uptake were studied (n=30). Hoechst, ethidium homodimer, and calcein AM (HEC) staining was performed to determine viability and toxicity (n=6). The cell surface area was calculated based on calcein AM staining. HCEnCs were stained for ZO-1 (n=6) to detect tight junctions and to measure cell morphology; Ki-67 (n=6) to measure proliferating cells; and vinculin to quantify focal adhesions (n=6). The formation of de novo extracellular matrix was analyzed using histology (n=6). Results. HCEnCs attach and grow faster on Lab-Tek slides compared to the undulating topography of the FSS. At day 11, HCEnCs on Lab-Tek slide grew 100% confluent, while FSS was only 65% confluent (p=0.0883), with no significant difference in glucose uptake between the two (p=0.5181) (2.2 μg/mL in Lab-Tek versus 2.05 μg/mL in FSS). HEC staining showed no toxicity. The surface area of the cells in Lab-Tek was 409.1 μm2 compared to 452.2 μm2 on FSS, which was not significant (p=0.5325). ZO-1 showed the presence of tight junctions in both conditions; however, hexagonality was higher (74% in Lab-Tek versus 45% in FSS; p=0.0006) with significantly less polymorphic cells on Lab-Tek slides (8% in Lab-Tek versus 16% in FSS; p=0.0041). Proliferative cells were detected in both conditions (4.6% in Lab-Tek versus 4.2% in FSS; p=0.5922). Vinculin expression was marginally higher in HCEnCs cultured on Lab-Tek (234 versus 199 focal adhesions; p=0.0507). Histological analysis did not show the formation of a basement membrane. Conclusions. HCEnCs cultured on precoated FSS form a monolayer, displaying correct morphology, cytocompatibility, and absence of toxicity. FSS needs further modification in terms of structure and surface chemistry before considering it as a potential carrier for cultured HCEnCs.
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Copper Filler Composites
Authors: Yaman Kemal , Taga Özer
Published: April 2018

Thermal and electrical conductivity of unsaturated polyester resin with copper filler composite material are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In the experiments, polyester matrix is combined with dendrite-shape copper to determine the effects of both filler size and content on thermal and electrical conductivity, respectively. It is observed that the increase in the concentration causes the thermal and electrical conductivity of composite mixture to grow up. It has also been observed that the both thermal and electrical conductivity increase with increasing filler particle size.
Nonlinear Predictive Sliding Mode Control for Active Suspension System
Authors: Wang Dazhuang , Zhao Dingxuan , Gong Mingde , Yang Bin
Published: May 2018

An active suspension system is important in meeting the requirements of the ride comfort and handling stability for vehicles. In this work, a nonlinear model of active suspension system and a corresponding nonlinear robust predictive sliding mode control are established for the control problem of active suspension. Firstly, a seven‐degree‐of‐freedom active suspension model is established considering the nonlinear effects of springs and dampers; and secondly, the dynamic model is expanded in the time domain, and the corresponding predictive sliding mode control is established. The uncertainties in the controller are approximated by the fuzzy logic system, and the adaptive controller reduces the approximation error to increase the robustness of the control system. Finally, the simulation results show that the ride comfort and handling stability performance of the active suspension system is better than that of the passive suspension system and the Skyhook active suspension. Thus, the system can obviously improve the shock absorption performance of vehicles.
Free LNAPL Volume Estimation by Pancake Model and Vertical Equilibrium Model: Comparison of Results, Limitations, and Critical Points
Authors: Frollini Eleonora , Petitta Marco
Published: April 2018

Light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs), due to their low solubility, dissolve slowly, acting as a long-term source of water contamination, and consequently they represent an important environmental issue. In the subsoil, more than 99% of spilled LNAPL remains as adsorbed and free phase; therefore, the volume estimation of free phase, obtained in this case through two different conceptual models (Pancake Model and Vertical Equilibrium Model), is considered a fundamental step for a correct site remediation. According to the first model, the LNAPL floating on the water table and its saturation is up to 100%; instead, according to the second one, the LNAPL can penetrate below the water table and the coexistence of LNAPL, water, and air in the pore fraction, leads to a lower LNAPL saturation, variable with the depth. Actually, in subsoil LNAPL and water saturations vary with depth due to the influence of capillarity, leading to the inaccuracy of Pancake Model assumption. Despite the evident limitation of Pancake Model, both models were applied, coupled with area calculations with Thiessen polygons and grid at regular mesh, to roughly estimate the free LNAPL volume existing in a contaminated site. The volume estimation carried out, considering the LNAPL type and its features, the soil type, and relative effective porosity, provides estimates of volumes having differences up to thousands of cubic meters. The results analysis shows that this estimation has several critical points such as area definition and the lack of site-specific data (e.g., porosity). Indeed, the sensitivity analysis for porosity shows that a reduction of this parameter provides a 20% reduction of estimated volume.
Two Cases of Leiomyoma in the Colon Masquerading as Other Types of Colonic Pedunculated Polyps
Authors: Ikeda Ailee , Iwamuro Masaya , Tanaka Takehiro , Inokuchi Toshihiro , Nakarai Asuka , Sugihara Yuusaku , Harada Keita , Hiraoka Sakiko , Kawahara Yoshiro , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: April 2018

We describe two cases of leiomyoma in the colon that were diagnosed histologically after endoscopic resection. The first case was a 79-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a pedunculated polyp of 14 mm length at the splenic flexure. Preoperative diagnosis suggested a colonic mucosubmucosal elongated polyp. The second case was a 29-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a pedunculated polyp of 40 mm length at the hepatic flexure and had an ulcer on top of the polyp. Preoperative diagnosis suggested an inflammatory fibroid polyp. A pathological diagnosis of colonic leiomyoma was made after endoscopic resection in both cases. Both tumors were confirmed to originate, not from the proper muscle layer, but from the muscularis mucosae. These cases underscore that although colonic involvement is infrequent, leiomyomas can display pedunculated morphology in the colon rather than the typical gross appearance of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors seen with sessile morphology.
Impacts of Cyclic Loading and Unloading Rates on Acoustic Emission Evolution and Felicity Effect of Instable Rock Mass
Authors: Zhang Mingwei , Meng Qingbin , Liu Shengdong , Qian Deyu , Zhang Nong
Published: April 2018

Uniaxial cyclic loading‐unloading compression experiments with schemes of six loading rates and six unloading rates were carried out on the combined testing platform. Impact of loading and unloading rates on rock AE characteristics was revealed. Results show that increasing loading and unloading rates resulted in decreasing total AE rings in the entire rock deformation and failure process. Increasing loading rate decreased the AE rings at loading stages, and increasing unloading rate decreased the AE rings at unloading stages in the same cycle. Total AE counts had a negative linear relationship to the loading and unloading rates. The loading stage was the active period of the AE phenomena, and impacts of the loading rate on the AE characteristics were more apparent. Especially when the loading rate was greater than 2.0 kN/s, brittle failure of rock specimens became noticeable. After the cyclic load reached the uniaxial compressive strength of 1/3∼1/2 times, the rock Felicity effect became more obvious. With the increase of the loading rate, the Felicity ratio decreased in the elastic stage and increased a little in the plastic stage, whereas with the increase of the unloading rate, the Felicity ratio decreased gradually in the elastic stage and remained almost the same in the plastic stage.
A Vaginal Angiomyofibroblastoma as a Rare Cause of a Prolapsing Vaginal Mass: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Calvert Harriet , Kapurubandara Supuni , Nikam Yogesh , Sharma Raghwa , Achan Anita
Published: April 2018

Introduction. Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB) is a rare, benign, mesenchymal cell tumour which presents as a slow-growing mass. It is most commonly seen in the vulva and is often mistaken for Bartholin’s abscess. It is histologically diagnosed by the presence of stromal cells intermingled with small blood vessels. It is morphologically similar to cellular angiofibroma and aggressive angiomyxoma, the latter of which is locally invasive and has a possibility of metastasis and a high risk of local recurrence. There is one reported case of an AMFB undergoing sarcomatous transformation. Case Report. We report a case of a multiparous, 36-year-old woman with an anterior vaginal mass which was inappropriately treated as a vaginal prolapse prior to definitive surgical management. This is only the second reported case of an AMFB presenting as a prolapsing mass.
Postoperative Renal Outcomes of Patients Receiving Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy versus Pyelolithotomy: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Fang-Ting , Liu Fu-Chao , Cheng Chih-Wen , Lin Jr-Rung , Yu Huang-Ping
Published: May 2018

The aim of this population-based cohort study was to explore postoperative renal outcomes of patients receiving pyelolithotomy versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Data were retrieved from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. During the period from Jan 1, 1998, to Dec 31, 2012, there were 2549 and 21654 patients who underwent pyelolithotomy and PCNL, respectively. The postoperative incidence of new diagnosed end stage renal disease (ESRD) was statistically analyzed and compared between the pyelolithotomy and PCNL groups. The perioperative complications of two groups were also analyzed. In comparison to pyelolithotomy, PCNL achieved lower new diagnosed ESRD (1.38% versus 2.28%, p=0.0004). Patients receiving PCNL had significantly higher rates of preoperative hypertension, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular disease, and coronary artery disease. The hospital stay was shorter in PCNL groups compared with pyelolithotomy groups (8.31 days versus 12.59 days, p=0.0006). In conclusion, PCNL contributed to lower rates of new diagnosed ESRD and hospital stay when compared to pyelolithotomy.
Quantum Genetic Algorithm Based on Qutrits and Its Application
Authors: Tkachuk Valerii
Published: April 2018

Typical approaches to designing quantum genetic algorithms are based on a concept of a qubit, a two-level quantum system. But many-valued quantum logic is more perspective from the point of view of the computational power. This paper proposes a quantum genetic algorithm based on a three-level quantum system in order to accelerate evolutionary process. Simulation using a set of standard test functions proves that the given algorithm is more effective and precise than the conventional quantum genetic algorithm.