bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development in Renal Transplant Recipients Is Independent of TMC/EVER Alterations
Authors: Burger Bettina , Spörri Iris , Stegmann Danielle A. , De Mesmaker Julie , Schaub Stefan , Itin Peter H. , Steiger Jürg , Arnold Andreas W.
Published: July 2015

Background: Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) have an increased risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer, mainly cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Two genes (TMC6/EVER1 and TMC8/EVER2), mutated in epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) patients with an increased risk of cSCC development, contain numerous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Aim: To evaluate the effect of SNPs in both TMC/EVER genes on the different susceptibilities of RTRs to cSCC. Method: We determined the occurrence of cSCC in 105 RTRs who were transplanted at least 7 years previously and investigated the frequency of 26 SNPs within both TMC/EVER genes in severely affected (n = 16) as well as in nonaffected RTRs (n = 25). Results: Our data did not indicate a significant association between any SNP genotype and risk of cSCC development in RTRs. Conclusion: To clarify the correlation between SNPs in both TMC genes and cSCC development in RTRs, integrated investigations of large cohorts including both RTRs and immunocompetent individuals with consideration of cSCC status, SNP genotype and human papillomavirus status might be necessary.
Green sonochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles at varying concentrations of κ-carrageenan
Authors: Elsupikhe Randa Fawzi , Shameli Kamyar , Ahmad Mansor B , Ibrahim Nor Azowa , Zainudin Norhazlin
Published: July 2015

A green sonochemical method was developed for preparing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in different concentrations of kappa carrageenan (κ-carrageenan). The κ-carrageenan was used as a natural eco-friendly stabilizer, and ultrasonic irradiation was used as a green reducing agent. The number of Ag-NPs increased with increasing κ-carrageenan concentrations. Formation of Ag/κ-carrageenan was determined by UV-visible spectroscopy where the surface plasmon absorption maximum was observed at 402 to 420 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the Ag-NPs are of a face-centered cubic structure. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum indicated the presence of Ag-NPs in κ-carrageenan. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image for the highest concentration of κ-carrageenan showed the distribution of Ag-NPs with an average particle size near to 4.21 nm. Scan electron microscopy (SEM) images illustrated the spherical shape of the Ag-NPs. The use of photo irradiation provides a green and economic feature to this work.
The Global Economic Crisis And The Competiveness Of Polish Food Procuders
Authors: Szczepaniak Iwona
Published: July 2015

The objective of this study is to show the influence of world economic crisis on economic situation of Polish food industry and competitiveness of Polish food producers. The study is an analysis based on statistical data. A complement of the analysis is a theoretical consideration based on topical literature and the author’s own reflections. Because of development of world economy globalization processes, world economic crisis has an influence on every country in the world, both the most advanced and developing ones. The confidence in banking system has been decreasing along with a dramatic slowing down of the economic development and the economic recession. It was manifested, first of all, in the most advanced countries of the world (USA, EU, Japan) and in a part of developing countries (Russia, Ukraine). The consequences of world economic crisis are also reflected in Polish economy, but it was resistant to the crisis phenomena and there was only a slowdown of its development (from among all countries of the EU, only in Poland there was an increase of GDP). Even less sensitive to the crisis was the Polish food sector, including food industry. It was the branch of industry in which the slowdown of production development, national demand and export, with the meaningful reduction of import and investments were only transitory phenomenon (2008). After short-term deteriorations of results, food industry has even reached record economic-financial results (2009-2010). The general animation of the Polish economy has also come back. This indicates the return of developmental tendencies in Polish food industry. The coming years should be a period of further development of this sector, but at a slower rate than in the years of Poland integration with the European Union (2003-2007).
The incidence of hypomagnesaemia following abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery
Authors: Jolly K , Faulconer R , McEwan R , Becker H , Garnham A
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Magnesium is important for cardiac function. Hypomagnesaemia is associated with a higher incidence of arrhythmias and poorer outcomes in cardiac surgery. No studies have investigated the incidence or impact of postoperative hypomagnesaemia after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery. We aim to assess the incidence of hypomagnesaemia after AAA repair in our population.

Methods

Retrospective analysis was performed of patients who underwent elective AAA surgery at a single vascular centre. The last 110 patients undergoing open or endovascular AAA repair were identified. The hospital pathology system was used to identify the immediate postoperative serum magnesium levels as well as patient demographics and admission details. Hypomagnesaemia was defined as serum magnesium of <0.7mmol/l.

Results

A total of 211 patients were studied and there were 3 deaths. Of the patients included, 101 underwent open elective AAA repair and 110 underwent endovascular repair. In the elective open repair group, 73 patients (73%) were hypomagnesaemic. In the endovascular repair group, 35 (32%) had hypomagnesaemia. A t-test showed a statistically significant difference in hypomagnesaemia between the open and endovascular groups (p<0.001).

Conclusions

AAA surgery is associated with a high incidence of postoperative hypomagnesaemia, which is significantly greater among open repair patients. This is likely to have an effect on cardiac activity and lead to cardiac complications such as arrhythmias and poorer postoperative outcomes, especially in the open AAA repair subgroup. This stresses the importance of serum magnesium and cardiac monitoring in the postoperative phase. A prospective study is proposed to further investigate these findings, and their potential implications on perioperative morbidity and mortality.
Specialty Skills in Emergency Surgery and Trauma
Authors: Shaker Hudhaifah
Published: July 2015

The Royal College of Surgeons of England is renowned for the development of new courses offering theoretical and practical skills for both junior and senior surgical trainees. The latest one of these is Specialty Skills in Emergency Surgery and Trauma, a course that focuses on the theoretical and surgical aspects of managing common emergency and trauma situations. It was developed and run by Adam Brooks, a consultant hepatobiliary surgeon with a special interest in trauma surgery at Queens Medical Centre in Nottingham. It involves a combination of interactive lectures and hands-on practical work in the state-of-the-art Wolfson Surgical Skills Centre at the College.
Transplant Links: Taking Renal Transplantation to the Developing World
Authors: Ready Andrew
Published: July 2015

The developing world is, by definition, developing. Many countries are successfully moving up the socio-economic scale, often in response to newly found natural resources such as oil. Urbanisation is also occurring at a rapid rate, leading to the emergence of nonagricultural working and middle classes whose healthcare needs increasingly resemble those seen in the developed world. These changes invariably occur ahead of developments in healthcare, meaning that the availability of many of the more complex treatments now required remains very limited. This may be due to lack of awareness and confidence as much as economic factors.
Oxford Scores as a Triage Tool for Lower Limb Arthroplasty Lead to Discrimination and Health Inequalities
Authors: Robb CA , McBryde CW , Caddy SJ , Thomas AM , Pynsent PB
Published: July 2015

The NHS Outcomes Framework 2011/12 from the Department of Health states that reducing health inequalities and promoting equality is central if the NHS is to deliver health outcomes that are among the best in the world. Assessment of patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) was introduced across the NHS in April 2009 both for hip and knee replacement surgery. PROMs are applied before and after certain elective health interventions funded by the NHS. In addition to the established use in assessment of outcomes, it has been suggested that preoperative instruments might be used to assess whether referrals for elective procedures are appropriate and also to identify inequalities in heathcare. For hip and knee replacement surgery, Oxford hip and knee scores are used as the measure of pain and disability.
The RCS/J&J Lister Essay Prize 2013: the Influence of Lister On Surgical Quality Outcomes in the 21st Century
Authors: Sims Alexander L
Published: July 2015

To commemorate the centenary of Joseph Lister's death in 2012 and to recognise the significant contribution that he made to medicine and surgery, the Royal College of Surgeons of england teamed up with Johnson & Johnson last year to inaugurate the new annual RCS/J&J Lister Essay Prize. In 2013, participants were asked to submit an essay on the following subject, The Influence of Lister on Surgical Quality Outcomes in the 21st Century. The winner, alexander Sims, received a special medal and £500 paid as a bursary towards an RCS course held at the College. We reproduce his prize-winning essay here.
Testing the Feasibility of Intra-Operative Sentinel Lymph Node Touch Imprint Cytology
Authors: Jahromi Alireza Hamidian , Narayanan Sankaran , MacNeill Fiona , Osin Peter , Nerurkar Ashutash , Gui Gerald
Published: July 2015

INTRODUCTION

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is emerging as the new standard for axillary staging in breast cancer. Intra-operative assessment of the sentinel lymph nodes allows immediate completion of axillary dissection during the same anaesthetic. This project was a quality assurance practice to establish feasibility, time-to-report, as well as accuracy of performing intra-operative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes using touch imprint cytology in our centre.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This prospective audit included 146 sentinel lymph nodes from 74 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer. All patients underwent axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy using combined blue dye and radiocolloid technique. Results of intra-operative touch imprint cytology using haematoxylin and eosin staining were compared with the definitive histopathology results.

RESULTS

Mean time to report touch imprint cytology was 25.7 ± 6.4 min (range, 15–40 min). Histopathology demonstrated metastasis in 25 sentinel nodes from 17 (23%) patients. Intra-operative touch imprint cytology detected 15 nodes in 11 patients, giving a sensitivity of 60% (nodes) and 66.7% (patients) and specificity of 99.2% (nodes) and 98.2% (patients) based on the number of nodes and patients involved, respectively. Touch imprint cytology failed to show metastatic involvement in 10 nodes from 6 patients; of these, five nodes had micrometastasis (< 2 mm) and the other five had macrometastasis. One touch imprint cytology positive node contained isolated tumour cells only. Using intra-operative touch imprint cytology made a change in treatment of 11(14.9%) patients, and spared second axillary procedure in 7 (9.4%) patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Intra-operative sentinel lymph node assessment using touch imprint cytology is feasible within a busy NHS practice. We now offer touch imprint cytology to patients following appropriate counselling.
Label free proteomics: a methodology for identifying protein biomarkers in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Runau F , Norris L , Isherwood J , Metcalfe M , Brown K , Dennison AR
Published: July 2015

The 2013 Alpine Liver and Pancreatic Surgery meeting was held in Madonna di Campiglio, Italy. The meeting was organised by the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland. The following abstracts were selected for presentation at the meeting.
Advanced wear of an Oxinium™ femoral head implant following polyethylene liner dislocation
Authors: Tribe H , Malek S , Stammers J , Ranawat V , Skinner JA
Published: July 2015

Oxinium™ (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN, US) has been used in hip arthroplasty since 2003. The surface coating is hard and provides low wear rates but if this surface coating is damaged, the soft metal core is at risk of accelerated wear. Previous reports have described accelerated wear following intra and postoperative hip dislocation. We report a case of advanced wear of an in situ Oxinium™ femoral head implant following a cracked acetabular liner. The liner had disengaged from the titanium shell, allowing the Oxinium™ head to articulate directly with the shell. The disengaged liner led to dislocation of the Oxinium™ head, with associated pronounced wear of the head and the acetabular cup. The patient had a successful revision procedure. We advise close follow-up of patients with Oxinium™ implants, especially if associated with dislocation and closed reduction.
Inculcating candour and trust
Authors: Williams Norman
Published: July 2015

I was recently asked, along with Sir David Dalton, to review the government’s intention to bring in a statute of candour relating to adverse events that cause patients harm for all organisations providing healthcare in England. This statute will pertain only to institutions (including those delivering primary care) and not individuals, although of course all doctors have a professional duty to be candid to their patients, as required by the General Medical Council.
Doctors and Manslaughter
Authors: McDonald Peter
Published: July 2015

The trial and imprisonment in November 2013 of David Sellu, a consultant general and colorectal surgeon practising at the Clementine Churchill Hospital in Harrow and Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, has sent a collective shiver down the spines of many surgeons. The judge’s sentencing remarks make a chilling read, culminating in his conviction for manslaughter and two-and-a-half years’ imprisonment.
Smell and taste disorders in the UK: first experiences with a specialised smell and taste outpatient clinic
Authors: Philpott Carl
Published: July 2015

Olfactory dysfunction is common, affecting 1–5% of those under the age of 60 1 and at least 20% of those aged more than 60 years. 2 In many UK centres, the approach to it is variable and routine olfactory testing is not performed, as noted by a recent survey of British ENT surgeons. 3 This is in contrast to Europe and the USA, where many specialist smell and taste centres already exist.
Surgeon-performed ultrasonography by trainees at the bedside: a study of effectiveness in a UK hospital
Authors: Beggs AD , Chaudery M , Thomas PRS
Published: July 2015

Advances in ultrasonography technology have resulted in miniaturisation of machines to the extent that they are now the size of a laptop or smaller.This has led to portability and has made assessment of the patient at the bedside practical. 1 Clinicians can carry out focused examinations on patients that allow rapid determination of diagnosis and triage to the appropriate management, including discharge. It is particularly useful out of hours when hospital radiology departments are closed.
Scrutiny and sign-off
Authors: Williams Norman
Published: July 2015

As we are all aware, the Care Quality Commission (CQC) has recently been revamped and under new leadership has commenced inspections of all NHS hospitals in England. The inclusion of appropriate clinicians in the process has been a critical difference in the way inspections were previously carried out. How the previous regime believed they could gain a true impression of how a hospital functioned in the absence of such clinicians defies belief. If the CQC were ever to be taken seriously change was inevitable.
Interview: Sean Peel
Authors: Whitaker Matthew
Published: July 2015

The Centre for Applied Reconstructive Technologies in Surgery (CARTIS) is a collaboration between the National Centre for Product Design and Development Research at (PDR) Cardiff Metropolitan University and Morriston Hospital. They have been leading the way in developing new techniques and applications for 3D printing in surgery, and improving the accessibility and ease of use of these technologies in the UK.

CARTIS hit the headlines earlier this year for the role they played in a complex facial reconstruction (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-26534408) in which 3D printing technology was extensively used.

We interviewed Sean Peel, Design and Research Engineer in Surgery and Prosthetics at PDR and a key engineer in recent surgical projects at CARTIS, to get an inside perspective from the frontier of this rapidly developing industry.
Taking ASiT’s Foundation Skills in Surgery course to Rwanda
Authors: Harries RL , Fitzgerald JEF , Beamish AJ , Muirhead WR , Bhangu A , Gokani VJ
Published: July 2015

The Association of Surgeons in Training’s role in strengthening the health infrastructure of a nation still scarred from genocide two decades on.
A masterclass in administration skills for future foundation doctors
Authors: Voll J , Bragg D , Maxwell-Armstrong C
Published: July 2015

A masterclass in administration skills for future foundation doctors Making sure trainees have all the medical documentation abilities needed for a successful ward round.
How elections have an impact on strategic planning in dentistry
Authors: Watson Derek
Published: July 2015

Where does oral health fit into the electoral cycle? From Jimmy Young to John Humphrys, from Sky News to the Health Select Committee, how can dental professionals compete for time, attention and resources?
Accelerated tooth movement: is it really possible?
Authors: Barber Sophy , Dhaliwal Harmeet K
Published: July 2015

A number of approaches for accelerating tooth movement have been reported that aim to alter the biological processes governing bone turnover, resulting in quicker tooth movement and shorter orthodontic treatment. Methods include both non-surgical treatment such as laser therapy, pulsed electromagnetic fields and photobiomodulation. Surgical methods such as corticotomy, interseptal bone reduction and dentoalveolar distraction have also been employed. This article aims to give an overview of the reported methods for accelerating tooth movement and the evidence underpinning the scientific theory.
Digitised prosthetics: the art, the craft and the science
Authors: Knott Nigel
Published: July 2015

Dentistry today is more about science than ever before. The science of metrology brings us the ability to standardise and benchmark our analogue clinical and technical processes formulated from analogue methods over many years. We are past the age of the tape measure and millimetres, and into an era of digitisation, enabling us to compare the fit of a prosthesis or artefact in microns.
The Australian dental workforce and the shifting sands of timeby Marc Tennant and Estie Kruger
Authors: Tennant Marc , Kruger Estie
Published: July 2015

What does Australia’s seemingly unstoppable economic boom mean for its traditionally limited dental workforce and unequal distribution of services?
Design and development of intelligent electronic tutorial software for GSM maintenance in Nigeria
Authors: Nwabueze Ekwonwune Emmanuel , Ngozi Nwachukwu Catherine Ada , Obiageli J Anyajiuba , Fortune Obikwere
Published: July 2015

The Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) technology has permeated every facet of human existence ,that man can no longer do away with it. This piece of work was motivated by the nagging problems, which include poor quality of service by telecom service providers, which attempts to negate the value of this revolution, inaccurate and interrupted service delivery which have resulted to delayed and aborted calls, traffic congestion, low bandwidth and oversubscription errors, inter alia. So the primary objective of this article therefore, is to design and develop intelligent electronic tutorial GSM software that would be capable of providing relevant answers to some GSM-based service challenges raised above. The Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) was employed as research methodology. The expected results shall include, among others, broadened scope of knowledge in GSM tutorial software engineering, provision of user friendly environment and cost effective communication system for a happy customer and a better society; provide an effective and feasible solution for a reliable and accurate GSM management system that would improve the efficiency and productivity of Nigerian information and communication infrastructure.
Influence Of Magnetic Field On Onion Seed Germination
Authors: Valšíková Magdaléna , Jedlička Jaroslav , Mezeyová Ivana , Guler Seda
Published: July 2015

Dynamics of onion seeds germination with different germinability and magnetic field influence with variable intensity on onion germinative activity was determined in trials. Amika F1 hybrid marked low germinative activity. On 21th day after trial foundation it reached germinability of 34–46%. Halftime of this germination was reached on fourth to fifth day after trial foundation. Exhibition variety had convenient germination activity, 70–91%. Halftime of its germinability was reached on sixth to eighth day after trial foundation. On the base of submitted results there can be said that the seed with low germinative activity has faster initial start of germination. The seed with suitable germinative activity has more regular course of germinability from the beginning till the end of germination. Seeds of varieties Amika F1 and Exhibition achieved significantly lower germination in the radiation intensity of 20 mT compared to other variants with the radiation intensity of 40 mT, 55 mT and the control one. Between the variants of 40 mT, 55 mT and the control one the differences were not significant.
Gingival tissue alterations in 2 patients with port wine stain
Authors: Kocak-Buyukdere Ayse , Guzeldemir Esra
Published: July 2015

Nevus flammeus, which is also known as port-wine stain (PWS), is one of the vascular birthmarks. PWS occurs in 0.3% of the newborns in both genders. It is a capillary vascular malformation, characterized by a pink or red stain and may involve skin, soft tissue and/or bone. There are a very limited number of reports regarding intraoral involvement of PWS. We report 2 female patients with PWS from date of birth. The first patient was an 11-year-old female who applied to our clinics for the treatment of her non-aesthetic and deviated intraoral view and discoloration of her gingiva, and the second patient was a 56-year-old female who applied for the extraction of her wisdom tooth. Extraoral examination in both patients revealed a diffuse PWS on the right side of their face over the cheek, extending from the midline. While the first patient had reddish skin, gingiva on right site her both jaws and lips, the second patient had only her upper jaw and lip. Because of the first patient' age, the treatment postponed to her 20', and the second patient did not accept any treatment. PWS is a rare and non-fatal condition; however, the unique appearance of these patients can lead to psychological problems especially in early ages.
Neurovascular content of the mandibular canal and its clinical relevance: A literature review of the related anatomical and radiological studies
Authors: Eliades Apostolos , Manta Kalliopi , Tsirlis Anastasios
Published: July 2015

In literature, anatomical variations of the inferior alveolar nerve branches (infratemporal, extraosseous and intraosseous) are reported and their importance in clinical practice is discussed too. The spatial vessels ' position in relationship with the nerve in the mandibular canal was explored, which is of clinical significance in impacted third molar and implant surgery. It is believed that the neurovascular content of the main mandibular canal follows any variations of the mandibular canal i.e. bifid mandibular, retromolar and accessory mental canals. Retrospective studies and case reports reported the presence of multiple foramina on the medial surface of the ramus, near the main mandibular foramen. In some cases, one supplementary mandibular foramen was found to be connected with the lower third molar, which is called 'temporal crest canal'. Others found an accessory mandibular foramen that led into a second mandibular canal which joined the main mandibular canal (double) anteriorly. The bony canals contained a terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve or a branch of inferior alveolar nerve before it entered the mandibular foramen. The aim of the study was to describe and classify anatomical structures of the mandibular canal and posterior foramina of the mandible through an extensive review of the corresponding studies via the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases.
Endodontic and prosthetic management of a mid-root and crown fracture of a maxillary central incisor
Authors: Koidou Vasiliki , Lambrianidis Theodoros
Published: July 2015

Root fractures are relatively uncommon among other dental traumas and mostly affect the anterior dentition. This case report presents the endodontic and prosthodontic management of a maxillary central incisor with a combined fracture in the middle third of the root and the crown, as well as the 7-year follow up of the case. The healing potential of a horizontal root fracture in the middle third of the root is highlighted when appropriate treatment is applied. MTA used for obturation of the coronal fragment, induced hard tissue formation apically and promoted healing in the area, while the 2mm MTA left as apical barrier at the second stage of re-treatment and obturation with gutta-percha prevented its extrusion. The multidisciplinary approach in the management of such cases ensures a long term survival.
Solitary angiokeratoma of the buccal mucosa: Report of a case
Authors: Andreadis Dimltrios , Poulopoulos Athanasios , Asimaki Anthi , Albanidou-Farmaki Eleni , Markopoulos Anastasios
Published: July 2015

Background: Angiokeratoma is an asymptomatic, hyperkeratotic, capillary disorder of the skin present as solitary or multiple, keratotic papules or plaques, which may also be related to Fabry disease. Oral involvement may be observed in cases of widespread muco-cutaneous angiokeratomas, whereas solitary buccal angiokeratoma without systemic/ cutaneous involvement is extremely rare. Case Report: A 45-year-old woman was referred with a 3-month, painless, bluish lesion, located on left buccal mucosa. The medical record of the patient was free of any systemic disease or medication. After a careful clinical oral, mucosal as well as skin examination, an excisional biopsy was taken. A mutine haematoxylin-eosin staining and additional immunohistochemistry were performed. Differential diagnosis included haemangioma, haematoma or lesions of melanocytic origin. Clinical examination showed a solid, lobulated bluish lesion, located on left buccal mucosa without other skin or mucosal involvement. The microscopic findings revealed dilated vascular spaces covered by normal endothelium without atypia, extending into the epithelium, indicating the diagnosis of angiokeratoma. Conclusions: Despite its rare occurrence, solitary angiokeratoma of oral mucosa should be included in the differential diagnosis of black-bluish lesions. Further investigation for other similar lesions throughout skin or mucosa is needed to avoid complications as haemorrhage.
Oral ulceration due to methotrexate treatment: A report of 3 cases and literature review
Authors: Dervisoglou Theodoros , Matiakis Apostolos
Published: July 2015

Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite which interferes with DNA synthesis. It is used for the treatment of many diseases, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and various neoplastic diseases. It may cause, among various adverse reactions, oral ulceration and oral mucositis. 3 cases of methotrexate related oral ulcers are reported along with a brief review of the relevant literature.
The Relation between National Stock Prices and Effective Exchange Rates: Does It Affect Exchange Rate Exposure?
Authors: Korhonen Marko
Published: July 2015

There is twofold contribution in this paper. First, by using monthly data for 16 industrialized countries for the period 1973–2011 we find evidence of time-varying cointegration relationship between effective exchange rates and national stock market indices. Second, we present that the cointegration relationship affects exchange rate exposure. We propose that the exchange rate exposure effect changes when the connection between the exchange rate and stock market emerges. This is a new result and reflects importance of these markets’ joint role in international risk sharing.
Chemical composition, antitumor activity, and toxicity of essential oil from the leaves of Lippia microphylla
Authors: Xavier Aline L. , Pita João Carlos L.R. , Brito Monalisa T. , Meireles Déborah R.P. , Tavares Josean F. , Silva Marcelo S. , Maia José Guilherme S. , Andrade Eloisa H.A. , Diniz Margareth F.F.M. , Silva Teresinha G. , Pessoa Hilzeth L.F. , Sobral Marianna V.
Published: July 2015

The chemical composition, antitumor activity and toxicity of the essential oil from Lippia microphylla leaves (OEL) were investigated. The major constituents were thymol (46.5%), carvacrol (31.7%), p-cymene (9%), and γ-terpinene (2.9%). To evaluate the toxicity of OEL in non-tumor cells, the hemolytic assay with Swiss mice erythrocytes was performed. The concentration producing 50% hemolysis (HC50) was 300 μg/mL. Sarcoma 180 tumor growth was inhibited in vivo 38% at 50 mg/kg, and 60% at 100 mg/kg, whereas 5-FU at 50 mg/kg caused 86% inhibition. OEL displays moderate gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity along with causing some alteration in liver function and morphology. However, the changes were considered reversible and negligible in comparison to the effects of several anticancer drugs. In summary, OEL displays in vivo antitumor activity and a moderate toxicity, which suggests further pharmacological study.
Postmortem Chemistry: Practical Considerations and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Coe JI
Published: July 2015

Determination of postmortem chemical values may be of use in a variety of situations. Results of such studies may demonstrate biochemical abnormalities responsible for death when no autopsy is performed, establish a cause of death where autopsy reveals no significant anatomic pathology, help in the evaluation of the physiological effects of recognizable anatomic lesions, and assist in estimating the time of death.
Anaphylactic Deaths: A Clinicopathologic Study of 43 Cases
Authors: Delage C , Irey NS
Published: July 2015

The concept of anaphylaxis originates from the observations by the French physiologist Charles Richet in 1902 of the effects of actinotoxins on the blood pressure of dogs [1]. Anaphylactic shock is the classic example of the immediate type of hypersensitivity reaction; it may be defined as the failure of the peripheral circulation induced by an antigen-antibody reaction [2]. The circulatory collapse may be primary, if the circulatory reaction is the primary event, or secondary, if the circulatory collapse is the consequence of an initial respiratory insufficiency.
The Establishment of a Therapeutic Community within a Women's Correctional Facility
Authors: Suarez JM , Haddox VG , Mittman H
Published: July 2015

This paper describes a dynamic and evolving program that was implemented less than three years ago at the Women's Division of the Federal Correctional Institution in Terminal Island, San Pedro, California.
Identification and Determination of Heroin in Illicit Seizures by Combined Gas Chromatography-Infrared Spectrophotometry
Authors: Shaler RC , Jerpe JH
Published: July 2015

The identification and determination of heroin in illicit preparations is important especially with regard to providing information for drug intelligence investigations and for dosage regulation in methadone maintenance programs.
Bias and Quality Control in Forensic Science: A Cause for Concern
Authors: Thomson MA
Published: July 2015

Today science, technology, and criminological specialization pervade the criminal process. This evolution has not been without reason. Many of the mainstays of the field of law enforcement have been weakened, and in the process, law enforcement officials have come to rely more and more on science. Modern research has demonstrated an underlying unreliability in regard to eyewitness testimony. Court decisions have limited the use of confessions and altered police procedures regarding interviews and interrogations. Forensic science has emerged into the main arena of the law enforcement process. Like its predecessors, though, forensic science could fall into disuse unless it has the foresight to control and guide its destiny in a better fashion.
Evaluation and Social Internship Program of IAIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi Students: Using Context, Input, Process and Product Model (CIPP Model)
Authors: Hurmaini Muhammad
Published: July 2015

The purpose of the research is to know the context, input, process and product evaluation on the Social Internship Program (Kukerta) of IAIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi Students by using Participatory Action Research (PAR) system. The research is conducted in four locations of  IAIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi students’ Kukerta in first period of 2013; Lubuk Terap, Sengeti Kecamatan Sekernan, unas, and Simpang Tiga Sipin by using questionnaire. All students of Kukerta in these 4 locations, consists of 51 people become the sample of this study. The finding of the study showed that first, context evaluation of PAR system Kukerta programs is actually having many deficiencies and weakness in both determining the needs as well as the purpose of Kukerta program. Therefore, it needs some improvements or revision. Second, input evaluation of  PAR system Kukerta shows some weakness from the students and the internship supervisors/ advisors. Both students and internship supervisors have to be firstly provided by training on  PAR system Kukerta. Third, process evaluation on the program is also lack of the relevant activities towards students’ needs and program realization. Fourth, product evaluation reveals that there is no significant result of the program, physically or non-physically. It can be recommended that the program can be continued with some improvements and revision on its implementation. Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Timing of Soil-Residual Herbicide Applications for Control of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Authors: Wuerffel R. Joseph , Young Julie M. , Matthews Joseph L. , Davis Vince M. , Johnson William G. , Young Bryan G.
Published: July 2015

Fall-applied residual and spring preplant burn-down herbicide applications are typically used to control winter annual weeds and may also provide early-season residual control of summer annual weed species such as giant ragweed. Field experiments were conducted from 2006 to 2008 in southern Illinois to (1) assess the emergence pattern of giant ragweed, (2) evaluate the efficacy of several herbicides commonly used for soil-residual control of giant ragweed, and (3) investigate the optimal application timing of soil-residual herbicides for control of giant ragweed. Six herbicide treatments were applied at four application timings: early fall, late fall, early spring, and late spring. Giant ragweed first emerged in mid- and late-March in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The duration of emergence varied by year, with 95% of emergence complete in late May of 2008, but not until early July in 2007. Giant ragweed emergence occurred more quickly in plots that received a fall application of glyphosate + 2,4-D compared with the nontreated. Fall-applied residual herbicides did not reduce giant ragweed emergence in 2007 when compared with the nontreated, with the exception of chlorimuron + tribenuron applied in late fall. Giant ragweed control from early- and late-spring herbicide applications was variable by year. In 2007, saflufenacil (50 and 100 g ai ha−1) and simazine applied in early spring reduced giant ragweed densities by 95% or greater through mid-May; however, in 2008, early-spring applications failed to reduce giant ragweed emergence in mid-April. The only treatments that reduced giant ragweed densities by > 80% through early July were late-spring applications of chlorimuron + tribenuron or saflufenacil at 100 g ha−1. Thus, the emergence patterns of giant ragweed in southern Illinois dictates that best management with herbicides would include late-spring applications of soil-residual herbicides just before crop planting and most likely requires subsequent control with foliar or soil-residual herbicides after crop emergence.
Crisis económica: migrantes más vulnerables. Casos en Berrien, Michigan
Authors: Avendaño Martha , Rivera Jenny Maricela , Díaz Rafael
Published: July 2015

Este artículo analiza los efectos de la crisis económica estadounidense sobre la calidad de vida de una muestra de migrantes mexicanos en localidades del condado de Berrien, Michigan, a través de factores que influyen en las libertades de movilización (estatus legal), escasas oportunidades de tipo laboral y limitaciones de índole social (seguro de salud, educación superior y percepción sobre la calidad de vida). Mediante una metodología de estudios de casos, se efectuó una introspección en la vida de las personas para conocer cómo enfrentan los inconvenientes de su estatus legal y su trabajo, bajo una reconstrucción de las condiciones primarias de vida, tipo de empleo, permanencia en el país, motivos de su migración, y cambios anteriores y posteriores a la crisis. Abstract This article analyzes the effects of the economic crisis on the quality of life of Mexican immigrants in Berrien County, Michigan; due to the factors that influence transportation, mobilization (legalstatus), less opportunities of labor type and limitations of social nature (Medicaid, university and perception about quality of life). By applying a methodology of case studies, into the way each face the disadvantages about their legal status and their work, reconstructing the primary conditions of their lives, type of job, residency status in the country, reasons that impelled the immigration and changes before and after the crisis.
Optimisation of Multi-type Sensor Placement for SHM based on application demands
Authors: Soman Rohan , Onoufriou Toula , Votsis Renos , Chrysostomou Christis , Kyriakides Marios
Published: July 2015

The research presents a multi-objective optimisation problem for a multi-type sensor placement for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) on a long span bridge. The problem is formulated for simultaneous placement of strain sensors and accelerometers (heterogeneous network) based on the application demands for SHM system. The primary demands for SHM are Modal Identification (MI) and Accurate Mode Shape Expansion (AMSE). The optimisation problem is solved through the use of Integer Genetic Algorithm (GA) to maximise a common metric to ensure adequate MI and AMSE. The performance of the joint optimisation problem solved by GA is compared with other established methods for homogenous sensor placement. The results indicate that the use of a multi-type sensor system improves the quality of SHM and the use of GA improves the overall quality of the sensor placement compared to other methods for optimisation of sensor placement.
Renovation and Adaptive Re-use of the Historic Corbin Building (as part of the Fulton Center project, Lower Manhattan)
Authors: Buckley Ian
Published: July 2015

Ian is a Structural Engineer working in Arup’s New York office, and has over 23 years’ experience in structural design. His main area of expertise is related to the adaptive re- use of existing building structures.

Ian has worked on several award- winning projects including Accident Fund Lansing, winner of 2011 AISC Presidential Award for Excellence in Engineering, and The Corbin Building, the particular subject of this paper.

Originally scheduled for demolition, the effective integration and rehabilitation of the historic Corbin Building within a modern transit hub is a paradigm for how adaptive re-use can significantly contribute to the overall project goals, while preserving important engineering heritage.

This paper presents a brief overview of the original building structure, and details how significant structural alterations and upgrades were made as part of the Fulton Center project.

Multiple analysis techniques were used as appropriate, ranging from re-application of historic empirical methods to the computer modelling of both global and local structural behaviour through finite element (FE) models.

This paper details how creative design approaches can be used to deliver adaptive re-use projects which move beyond basic restoration to deliver elegant structural solutions to complex project challenges.
Stability Condition of Pin-Ended Buckling-Restrained Brace
Authors: Kinoshita Tomohiro , Kaneshiro Yosuke , Koetaka Yuji , Suita Keiichiro , Miyagawa Kazuaki
Published: July 2015

This paper presents conditions to prevent global buckling of pin-ended buckling-restrained braces. The both end joints of pin-ended buckling-restrained braces are supported by mechanical pins (not welded or bolted). When one end of the buckling restraining member is rigidly connected to the pin joint and the sliding joint is adopted at the other end, the deflection of the brace makes an asymmetric curve and the local deformation of the restraining member may occur at the sliding joint. In this paper, theoretical method to calculate deflection of the core member and bending moment of the restraining member is derived, and design criteria to prevent global buckling is proposed. In order to verify the validity of proposed methods, cyclic loading tests and FEM analysis are conducted.
Seismic Capacity Comparisons of Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Various Ductility by Incremental Dynamic Analysis.
Authors: Boonyapinyo Virote , Junruang Jirawat
Published: July 2015

Generally three types of moment resisting frames are designed namely, special ductile frames (SDF), intermediate ductile frames (IDF) and gravity load designed (GLD) frames, each of which has a certain level of ductility. omparative studies on the seismic performance of three different ductility of 5-storey dormitory building are performed under 20 simulated earthquakes in this study. The analytical models are considered for all types of failure modes of buildings, i.e. for beam and column: shear failure, flexural to shear failure, and flexural failure, beam-column joint connection, infill wall, and foundation.

This study applied the concept of equivalent single degree of freedom (ESDOF) for evaluating the seismic performance of the studied building by the mean of incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). The results found that this method can reduce the computational time from 90 minutes per load case for multi degree of freedom (MDOF) to 6 minutes per load case for ESDOF. It reduced about 93% of computational time. This study also found that the lateral load capacity of GLD, IDF, and SDF building was 16.64, 23.63, and 23.56%W, respectively. The average response spectrum at the collapse state for GLD, IDF, and SDF are 0.53 g, 0.77 g, and 0.80 g, respectively. The results also show that SDF is more ductile than IDF, and the initial strength of SDF is close to IDF. The results indicate that all of frames are able to resistant a design earthquake.
The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information
Authors: Jeliazkova Nina , Chomenidis Charalampos , Doganis Philip , Fadeel Bengt , Grafström Roland , Hardy Barry , Hastings Janna , Hegi Markus , Jeliazkov Vedrin , Kochev Nikolay , Kohonen Pekka , Munteanu Cristian R , Sarimveis Haralambos , Smeets Bart , Sopasakis Pantelis , Tsiliki Georgia , Vorgrimmler David , Willighagen Egon
Published: July 2015

Background:The NanoSafety Cluster, a cluster of projects funded by the European Commision, identified the need for a computational infrastructure for toxicological data management of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Ontologies, open standards, and interoperable designs were envisioned to empower a harmonized approach to European research in nanotechnology. This setting provides a number of opportunities and challenges in the representation of nanomaterials data and the integration of ENM information originating from diverse systems. Within this cluster, eNanoMapper works towards supporting the collaborative safety assessment for ENMs by creating a modular and extensible infrastructure for data sharing, data analysis, and building computational toxicology models for ENMs.

Results:The eNanoMapper database solution builds on the previous experience of the consortium partners in supporting diverse data through flexible data storage, open source components and web services. We have recently described the design of the eNanoMapper prototype database along with a summary of challenges in the representation of ENM data and an extensive review of existing nano-related data models, databases, and nanomaterials-related entries in chemical and toxicogenomic databases. This paper continues with a focus on the database functionality exposed through its application programming interface (API), and its use in visualisation and modelling. Considering the preferred community practice of using spreadsheet templates, we developed a configurable spreadsheet parser facilitating user friendly data preparation and data upload. We further present a web application able to retrieve the experimental data via the API and analyze it with multiple data preprocessing and machine learning algorithms.

Conclusion:We demonstrate how the eNanoMapper database is used to import and publish online ENM and assay data from several data sources, how the “representational state transfer” (REST) API enables building user friendly interfaces and graphical summaries of the data, and how these resources facilitate the modelling of reproducible quantitative structure–activity relationships for nanomaterials (NanoQSAR).
Test & Research on the Shearing Strength of the Continuous Seams in the Mortar-Less Fabricated Block & Masonry
Authors: He Xi Xi , Lin Ye
Published: July 2015

Test & research on the shearing strength of the hollow mortar-less fabricated concrete block & masonry has been done in this article. A proposed formula has been put forward in this article by analyzing the influence of the shear loading methods on the shearing strength using the shearing test data of 27 standard test specimens’ continuous seams divided into 9 groups with 100% concrete infill ratio.
Research of Tunnel Excavation Support Techniques
Authors: Niu Hong Tao
Published: July 2015

with the development of transportation infrastructure construction in the west, more and more excavation and support of all kinds of mountain tunnel been encountered in the project. Specific method of excavation and support should be ascertained according to tunnel types, size of section, depth of burial, wall rock types, hydrological condition, and construction machinery. Different excavation method will get different effect of wall rock stability .at present, there are variety of flaccid wall rock tunnel construction processes and methods, such as bench cutting method, ring cut method, CD method and CDR method, etc.
Influence of Creep Model on Glass Tempering Process
Authors: Zhong Pei Ze , Wang Li Zhong , Liu Quan Wei , Sun Wan Xiao
Published: July 2015

In this paper, an in-depth research adopted a creep model has been conducted to focus on the stress during the process of glass tempering based on the finite element software ANSYS.During this research an simplified model of glass tempering has been established, and as a result the expected stress value of surface and mid-plane was achieved.The results show that using the creep model can also achieve the same simulation effect of glass tempering.