bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
M‐N‐Interaktionsdiagramme für stahlfaserverstärkte Stahlbetonquerschnitte – Anwendung am Beispiel von Tübbingen
Authors: Gödde Lars , Strack Mathias , Mark Peter
Published: April 2010

Stahlfaserbeton findet häufig Verwendung bei Bauteilen mit kombinierter Biege‐Normalkraftbeanspruchung, wie beispielsweise bei wasserundurchlässigen Wannenkonstruktionen oder bei Tübbingen im maschinellen Tunnelbau. Dabei können bei Zugbeanspruchungen – beispielsweise aus Zwang – durch die Stahlfasern aufgrund feinerer Rissverteilung und somit reduzierter Rissbreite Vorteile im Hinblick auf die Dauerhaftigkeit entstehen. Für die Tragfähigkeit erweist sich eine andauernde, moderate Druckbeanspruchung – oft auch in Kombination mit zusätzlicher Betonstahlbewehrung – als günstig, da somit die Forderung eines duktilen Bauteilverhaltens nach Rissbildung bereits auf Querschnittsebene erfüllt werden kann. Zur einfachen rechnerischen Erfassung der Beanspruchbarkeit von Bauteilen aus Stahlfaserbeton mit oder ohne zusätzliche Betonstahlbewehrung unter Biegung mit Normalkraft werden im Folgenden die klassischen M‐NInteraktionsdiagramme für Stahlbeton um die Wirkung der Stahlfasern erweitert. Untersuchungen zur Effizienz der Faserwirkung und ein Anwendungsbeispiel schließen den Beitrag ab.
Recombinant human cytochrome P450 monooxygenases for drug metabolite synthesis
Authors: Schroer Kirsten , Kittelmann Matthias , Lütz Stephan
Published: April 2010

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are important enzymes in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Therefore, several approaches to clone and overexpress the human isoforms have been made. In addition to microsomes or S9 preparations, these recombinant human isoforms have found diverse application in drug development. We discuss and give examples of the use of bacterial whole cell systems with rec. human CYPs for the preparative scale synthesis of drug metabolites. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 699–706. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of inducible co‐overexpression of protein disulfide isomerase and endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase on the specific antibody productivity of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Mohan Chaya , Lee Gyun Min
Published: April 2010

To enhance specific antibody (Ab) productivity (qAb) of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells, post‐translational limitations in the endoplasmic reticulum during antibody production should be relieved. Previously, we reported that overexpression of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which catalyzes disulfide bond exchanges and assists in protein folding of newly synthesized proteins, enhanced qAb of rCHO cells by about 27% (Mohan et al., 2007, Biotechnol Bioeng 98:611–615) . Since the rate limiting step in disulfide bond formation is found to be the regeneration of oxidized PDI, the oxidation state of PDI, as well as the amount of PDI, might be important. Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase (ERO1L) maintains PDI in an oxidized state so that disulfide bond formation occurs. Here, PDI and its helper protein, ERO1L were overexpressed in rCHO cells producing an Ab in an attempt to ease the bottleneck in disulfide bond formation, and hence, Ab folding and secretion. Transient expression of ERO1L alone and with PDI resulted in enhanced qAb by 37% and 55%, respectively. In contrast, under stable inducible co‐overexpression of PDI and ERO1L, the qAb was unaffected or negatively affected by varying degrees, depending on the individual expression levels of these genes. In stable clones with altered oxidation state of PDI due to co‐overexpression of PDI and ERO1L, secretion of Ab was hindered and PDI‐associated retention of Ab was seen in the cells. Under transient gene expression, secretion of Ab was not compromised. The data presented here suggests a possible mechanism of PDI/ERO1L interaction with the target Ab and shows how the expression levels of these proteins could affect the qAb of this Ab‐producing rCHO cell line. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 337–346. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microfluidic reactor for continuous cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Edlich Astrid , Magdanz Veronika , Rasch Detlev , Demming Stefanie , Aliasghar Zadeh Shobeir , Segura Rodrigo , Kähler Christian , Radespiel Rolf , Büttgenbach Stephanus , Franco‐Lara Ezequiel , Krull Rainer
Published: April 2010

A diffusion‐based microreactor system operated with a reaction volume of 8 μL is presented and characterized to intensify the process understanding in microscale cultivations. Its potential as screening tool for biological processes is evaluated. The advantage of the designed microbioreactor is the use for the continuous cultivation mode by integrating online measurement technique for dissolved oxygen (DO) and optical density (OD). A further advantage is the broaden application for biological systems. The bioreactor geometry was chosen to achieve homogeneous flow during continuous process operation. The device consisted of a microstructured top layer made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which was designed and fabricated using UV‐depth and soft lithography assembled with a glass bottom. CFD simulation data used for geometry design were verified via microparticle‐image‐velocimetry (μPIV). In the used microreactor geometry no concentration gradients occurred along the entire reaction volume because of rapid diffusive mixing, the homogeneous medium flow inside the growth chamber of the microreactor could be realized. Undesirable bubble formation before and during operation was reduced by using degassed medium as well as moistened and moderate incident air flow above the gas permeable PDMS membrane. Because of this a passive oxygen supply of the culture medium in the device is ensured by diffusion through the PDMS membrane. The oxygen supply itself was monitored online via integrated DO sensors based on a fluorescent dye complex. An adequate overall volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient KLa as well as mechanical stability of the device were accomplished for a membrane thickness of 300 μm. Experimental investigations considering measurements of OD (online) and several metabolite concentrations (offline) in a modified Verduyn medium. The used model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae DSM 2155 tended to strong reactor wall growth resembling a biofilm. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Thermal stability of carbonic anhydrase immobilized within polyurethane foam
Authors: Kanbar Bora , Ozdemir Ekrem
Published: April 2010

Thermal stability of carbonic anhydrase (CA) immobilized within polyurethane (PU) foam was investigated. The catalytic activity of the enzyme was estimated by using p‐nitrophenyl acetate (p‐NPA) as the substrate in tris buffer containing 10% acetonitrile. The immobilized CA was stable during the repeatable washings and stability tests over 45 days stored in tris buffer at ambient conditions indicating that the CA was covalently attached to the polyurethane (PU) foam by crosslinking. The immobilized CA was found to be 98% stable below 50°C, whereas a drastic decrease was seen at temperatures between 50 and 60°C. The optimum temperature for the immobilized CA was found to be 45°C and it lost its activity completely at 60°C. Thermal deactivation energies for the free and immobilized CA were estimated to be 29 and 86 kcal/mol, respectively. The association of unfolded CA with the polymeric backbone chains of the PU foam was also addressed. It was concluded that the immobilized CA was highly stable at temperatures less than 50°C and could be used in biomimetic CO2 sequestration processes. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
The arterial supply of the long head of biceps tendon: Anatomical study with implications for tendon rupture
Authors: Cheng Nicholas Mauwei , Pan Wei‐Ren , Vally Fatima , Le Roux Cara Michelle , Richardson Martin Donald
Published: April 2010

Zones of hypovascularity are thought to exist in several tendons of the shoulder, contributing to localized tendon weakness and subsequent rupture in clinical practice. Although these zones have been demonstrated in many frequently ruptured tendons, the existence of a similar area in the often ruptured long head of biceps (LHB) tendon is largely unknown. Twenty cadaveric upper limb specimens were dissected after injection with either a radio‐opaque lead oxide/milk mixture or India ink, followed by histological sectioning of the tendons. The LHB tendon was consistently supplied via its osteotendinous and musculotendinous junctions by branches of the thoracoacromial and brachial arteries respectively. In two specimens, additional branches from the anterior circumflex humeral artery travelling in a mesotenon vascularized the midsection of tendon. These source arteries divided the LHB tendon into either two or three vascular territories, depending upon the presence of the mesotenon‐derived vascular supply. A zone of hypovascularity was consistently found in the region of the LHB tendon most frequently prone to rupture. This zone covered an area 1.2–3 cm from the tendon origin, extending from midway through the glenohumeral joint to the proximal inter‐tubercular groove. This hypovascular region occurred on the border of two adjacent vascular territories, where reduced caliber choke vessels provide limited arterial supply. While it is probable that the limited arterial supply contributes to the susceptibility of this area to rupture, similar to other tendons the true pathogenesis is likely to be a combination of both vascular and mechanical factors. Clin. Anat. 23:683–692, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In‐laboratory diffraction‐enhanced X‐ray imaging for articular cartilage
Authors: Muehleman Carol , Fogarty Daniel , Reinhart Benjamin , Tzvetkov Tochko , Li Jun , Nesch Ivan
Published: April 2010

The loss of articular cartilage characteristic of osteoarthritis can only be diagnosed by joint space narrowing when conventional radiography is used. This is due to the lack of X‐ray contrast of soft tissues. Whereas conventional radiography harnesses the X‐ray attenuation properties of tissues, Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI), a novel radiographic technique, allows the visualization of soft tissues simultaneous with calcified tissues by virtue of its ability to not only harness X‐ray attenuation but also the X‐ray refraction from tissue boundaries. Previously, DEI was dependent upon synchrotron X‐rays, but more recently, the development of nonsynchrotron DEI units has been explored. These developments serve to elaborate the full potential of radiography. Here, we tested the potential of an in‐laboratory DEI system, called Diffraction‐Enhanced X‐ray Imaging (DEXI), to render images of articular cartilage displaying varying degrees of degradation, ex vivo. DEXI allowed visualization of even early stages of cartilage degeneration such as surface fibrillation. This may be of eventual clinical significance for the diagnosis of early stages of degeneration, or at the very least, to visualize soft tissue degeneration simultaneous with bone changes. Clin. Anat. 23:530–538, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topographical anatomy of Spiegel's lobe and its adjacent organs in mid‐term fetuses: Its implication on the development of the lesser sac and adult morphology of the upper abdomen
Authors: Hwang Si Eun , Cho Baik Hwan , Hirai Ichiro , Kim Hyoung Tae , Kim Ji‐Hyun , Fujimiya Mineko , Murakami Gen , Kimura Wataru
Published: April 2010

At 8–16 weeks of gestation, Spiegel's lobe of the caudate lobe appears as a sac‐like herniation of the liver parenchyma between the inferior vena cava and ductus venosus or Arantius' duct. In 5 of 11 fetuses at 20–30 weeks of gestation, we found that an external notch was formed into the posterior aspect of the caudate lobe by a peritoneal fold containing the left gastric artery. This notch appeared to correspond to that observed in adults, which is usually seen at the antero‐inferior margin of the lobe after rotation of the lobe along the horizontal or transverse axis. However, the notch did not accompany two of the three fetuses in which the left hepatic artery originated from the left gastric artery. Notably, until 9–10 weeks of gestation, the inferior and left part of Spiegel's lobe rode over the hepatoduodenal ligament and protruded medially into the lesser sac (bursa omentalis) behind the stomach. Thus, the fetal Winslow's foramen was located at the “superior” side of the ligament. However, as seen in adults, the protruding Spiegel's lobe was located at the posterior side of the lesser omentum. Therefore, a hypothetical rotation along the transverse axis in the later stages of development seems necessary to explain this repositioning. Considering that Spiegel's lobe develops faster than surrounding structures, it is likely that the lesser sac resulting from the rotation of the gastrointestinal tract, which actively contributes to facilitate the growth of the Spiegel lobe. Clin. Anat. 23:712–719, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remote laboratory for marine vehicles experimentation
Authors: Velasco F. J. , Revestido E. , Moyano E. , López E.
Published: April 2010

This article describes a remote experimentation environment for marine vehicles (Hardware and Software) and its application in engineering education. The laboratory has an in‐scale model of a turbo‐ferry tf‐120 which keeps all the hydrodynamic characteristics of the full‐scale vessel. The physical model was developed to be autonomous and is controlled remotely from a PC using Wi‐Fi communications. It has the instruments commonly used in vessels such as: GPS, UMI, accelerometers and gyrocompass. A simulation of a manoeuvring model has been developed based on geometrical definitions and compared to a heading identified model. The possibilities of the remote laboratory for engineering education are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 728–740, 2012
Prediction of Activity Coefficients for Uni‐univalent Electrolytes in Pure Aqueous Solution
Authors: Partanen J. I. , Salmimies R. K. , Partanen L. J. , Louhi‐Kultanen M.
Published: April 2010

Parameter‐free activity coefficient equations were tested in addition to those containing one, two, three or four electrolyte‐dependent parameters with the experimental activity coefficients obtained from the literature data for aqueous solutions of the following electrolytes at 298.15 K: KCl, NaCl, RbCl, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, KI, RbI, KNO3, and KH2PO4. The experimental activity coefficients of each electrolyte considered can be reproduced within the uncertainty of the measurements up to the molality of the saturated solution by using a three‐parameter equation of the extended Hückel type. The best Hückel equations are given for all electrolytes in question. The results from the present studies reveal that the parameter‐free equations can be reliably used in thermodynamic studies only for very dilute electrolyte solutions. On the other hand, in most cases, a good agreement with the experimental data is obtained with the one‐parameter equations of Bromley [14] and Kusik and Meissner [13], with the two‐parameter equation of Bretti et al. [15], and with the three‐ or four‐parameter equation of Hamer and Wu [19] in addition to the three‐parameter Pitzer equation [23], with almost all parameter values suggested in the literature. In several cases, these equations seem to apply to much higher molalities than those used in the parameter estimations. Therefore, the best of these equations may have important applications in calculations associated with the dissolution and crystallization processes of these salts.
Iron oxide particles covered with hexapeptides targeted at phosphatidylserine as MR biomarkers of tumor cell death
Authors: Radermacher K. A. , Boutry S. , Laurent S. , Elst L. Vander , Mahieu I. , Bouzin C. , Magat J. , Gregoire V. , Feron O. , Muller R. N. , Jordan B. F. , Gallez B.
Published: April 2010

The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of a new MR contrast agent to detect cell death as a biomarker of the efficacy of anti‐cancer treatment. The phosphatidylserine‐targeted hexapeptide (E3) was coupled to pegylated ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO) that can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). USPIO binding to staurosporine‐treated TLT (transplantable liver tumor) cells, evaluated by X‐Band EPR, indicated twice as much binding of USPIO grafted with the E3 peptide, compared with USPIO grafted with a scrambled peptide or ungrafted USPIO. In vivo experiments were carried out using TLT cells implanted intramuscularly into NMRI mice, and tumor cell death was induced by irradiation. After intravenous injection of the different types of USPIO, the accumulation of contrast agent was evaluated ex vivo by X‐band EPR, in vivo by L‐band EPR and by T2‐weighted MRI. In irradiated tumors there was greater accumulation of the targeted USPIO particles compared with control particles or compared with the targeted particles in untreated tissues. In conclusion, phosphatidylserine‐targeting of USPIO particles can detect dying tissues. This molecular targeted system should be evaluated further as a potential biomarker of tumor response to treatment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multifactorial, site‐specific recurrence model after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Umbreit Eric C. , Crispen Paul L. , Shimko Mark S. , Farmer Sara A. , Blute Michael L. , Frank Igor
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND:

A scoring algorithm of site‐specific disease recurrence after cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma was designed.

METHODS:

Identified were 1388 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma between 1980 and 1998. Clinical, surgical, and pathologic features were evaluated for associations with 4 locations of site‐specific disease recurrence: upper urinary tract, abdomen/pelvis, thoracic region, and bone. Recurrence‐free survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to test associations with disease recurrence.

RESULTS:

A total of 493 (35.5%) patients experienced at least 1 recurrence. There were 67, 388, 143, and 145 patients with recurrences to the upper tract, abdomen/pelvis, thoracic region, and bone at a median of 3.1 years, 1.1 years, 1.3 years, and 1.0 years, respectively. Pathologic T4 stage (hazard ratio [HR], 2.84; P = .006), positive ureteral margins (HR, 5.71; P < .001), and multifocality (HR, 2.07; P = .009) were found to be independent predictors of upper tract recurrence. Pathologic T3 (HR, 2.30; P < .001) and T4 stage (HR, 3.55; P < .001), lymph node invasion (HR, 1.97; P < .001), extent of lymphadenectomy (pNx [HR, 1.66; P = .002] and <10 lymph nodes [HR, 1.52; P < .001]), multifocality (HR, 1.80; P < .001), and prostatic involvement (HR, 1.45; P = .019) were found to be independent predictors of abdominal/pelvic recurrence. Features independently associated with thoracic recurrence included pathologic T3 (HR, 2.61; P < .001) and T4 (HR, 3.39; P < .001), lymph node invasion (HR, 2.64; P < .001), extent of lymphadenectomy (pNx [HR, 1.89; P = .019] and <10 lymph nodes [HR, 1.58; P < .030]), and multifocality (HR, 1.79; P < .001). Pathologic T3 (HR, 3.45; P < .001) and T4 stage (HR, 3.87; P < .001), lymph node invasion (HR, 1.79; P = .006), occupational exposure to radiation (HR, 2.97; P = .003), and a positive urethral margin (HR, 2.28; P = .039) were found to be independent predictors of osseous recurrence. Macroscopic hematuria (HR, 0.52; P = .009) and obesity (HR, 0.59; P = .027) were found to be protective and negatively associated with upper tract and osseous recurrence, respectively. Scoring algorithms to predict the likelihood of disease recurrence to these sites were developed using regression coefficients from the multivariable models.

CONCLUSIONS:

Scoring algorithms based on independent predictors of site‐specific recurrence were presented. These models may be used to tailor postoperative surveillance to the individual patient based upon clinicopathologic features at the time of cystectomy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Multiparametric flow cytometry profiling of neoplastic plasma cells in multiple myeloma
Authors: Johnsen Hans E. , Bøgsted Martin , Klausen Tobias W. , Gimsing Peter , Schmitz Alexander , Kjærsgaard Erik , Damgaard Tina , Voss Pia , Knudsen Lene M. , Mylin Anne K. , Nielsen Johan Lanng , Björkstrand Bo , Gruber Astrid , Lenhoff Stig , Remes Kari , Dahl Inger Marie , Fogd Kirsten , Dybkær Karen
Published: April 2010

Background and aim:

The clinical impact of multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) in multiple myeloma (MM) is still unclear and under evaluation. Further progress relies on multiparametric profiling of the neoplastic plasma cell (PC) compartment to provide an accurate image of the stage of differentiation. The primary aim of this study was to perform global analysis of CD expression on the PC compartment and subsequently to evaluate the prognostic impact. Secondary aims were to study the diagnostic and predictive impact.

Design and methods:

The design included a retrospective analysis of MFC data generated from diagnostic bone marrow (BM) samples of 109 Nordic patients included in clinical trials within NMSG. Whole marrow were analyzed by MFC for identification of end‐stage CD45−/CD38++ neoplastic PC and registered the relative numbers of events and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) staining for CD19, CD20, CD27, CD28, CD38, CD44, CD45, CD56, and isotypes for cluster analysis.

Results:

The median MFC‐PC number was 15%, and the median light microscopy (LM)‐PC number was 35%. However, the numbers were significant correlated and the prognostic value with an increased relative risk (95% CI) of 3.1 (1.7–5.5) and 2.9 (1.4–6.2), P < 0.0003 and P < 0.004 of MFC‐PC and LM‐PC counts, respectively. Unsupervised clustering based on global MFI assessment on PC revealed two clusters based on CD expression profiling. Cluster I with high intensity for CD56, CD38, CD45, right‐angle light‐scatter signal (SSC), forward‐angle light‐scatter signal (FSC), and low for CD28, CD19, and a Cluster II, with low intensity of CD56, CD38, CD45, SSC, FSC, and high for CD28, CD19 with a median survival of 39 months and 19 months, respectively (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

The MFC analysis of MM BM samples produces diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information useful in clinical practice, which will be prospectively validated within the European Myeloma Network (EMN). © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
The pericyte and stromal cell marker CD248 (endosialin) is required for efficient lymph node expansion
Authors: Lax Siân , Hardie Debbie L. , Wilson Amy , Douglas Mike R. , Anderson Graham , Huso David , Isacke Clare M. , Buckley Christopher D.
Published: April 2010

CD248 is a cell surface receptor that specifically identifies fibroblasts and pericytes during development and in association with cancer and inflammation. However, its function is poorly defined and its role in lymphoid organs not studied. Here, we used (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl chicken γ‐globulin immunisation and mice lacking CD248 to study whether CD248 modulates popliteal LN (pLN) expansion and subsequent immune responses. We have found that CD248 is required for complete pLN expansion but not for co‐ordination of B and T cell compartmentalisation or antibody production following (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl chicken γ‐globulin immunisation. In vitro, we show that CD248 expression in human MG63 stromal cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts leads to a pro‐proliferative and pro‐migratory phenotype. This correlates with a proliferating CD248+ population observed in vivo during pLN expansion. Taken together, these data highlight a role for CD248 in secondary lymphoid organ remodelling during adaptive immune responses.
Semismooth Newton methods for variational problems with inequality constraints
Authors: Hager Corinna , Wohlmuth Barbara I.
Published: April 2010

Inequality constraints occur in many different fields of application, e.g., in structural mechanics, flow processes in porous media or mathematical finance. In this paper, we make use of the mathematical structure of these conditions in order to obtain an abstract computational framework for problems with inequality conditions. The constraints are enforced locally by means of Lagrange multipliers which are defined with respect to dual basis functions. The reformulation of the inequality conditions in terms of nonlinear complementarity functions leads to a system of semismooth nonlinear equations that is solved by a generalized version of Newton's method for semismooth problems. By this, both nonlinearities in the pde model and inequality constraints are treated within a single Newton iteration which converges locally superlinear. The scheme can efficiently be implemented in terms of an active set strategy with local static condensation of the non‐essential variables. Numerical examples from different fields of application illustrate the generality and the robustness of the method (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Treating depression to remission in older adults: a controlled evaluation of combined escitalopram with interpersonal psychotherapy versus escitalopram with depression care management
Authors: Reynolds Charles F. , Dew Mary Amanda , Martire Lynn M. , Miller Mark D. , Cyranowski Jill M. , Lenze Eric , Whyte Ellen M. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Pollock Bruce G. , Karp Jordan F. , Gildengers Ariel , Szanto Katalin , Dombrovski Alexandre Y. , Andreescu Carmen , Butters Meryl A. , Morse Jennifer Q. , Houck Patricia R. , Bensasi Salem , Mazumdar Sati , Stack Jacqueline A. , Frank Ellen
Published: April 2010

Objective

More than half of the older adults respond only partially to first‐line antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that a depression‐specific psychotherapy, Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), when used adjunctively with escitalopram, would lead to a higher rate of remission and faster resolution of symptoms in partial responders than escitalopram with depression care management (DCM).

Method

We conducted a 16‐week randomized clinical trial of IPT and DCM in partial responders to escitalopram, enrolling 124 outpatients aged 60 and older. The primary outcome, remission, was defined as three consecutive weekly scores of 7 or less on the Hamilton rating scale for depression (17‐item). We conducted Cox regression analyses of time to remission and logistic modeling for rates of remission. We tested group differences in Hamilton depression ratings over time via mixed‐effects modeling.

Results

Remission rates for escitalopram with IPT and with DCM were similar in intention‐to‐treat (IPT vs. DCM: 58 [95% CI: 46, 71] vs. 45% [33,58]; p = 0.14) and completer analyses (IPT vs. DCM: 58% [95% CI: 44,72] vs. 43% [30,57]; p = 0.20). Rapidity of symptom improvement did not differ in the two treatments.

Conclusion

No added advantage of IPT over DCM was shown. DCM is a clinically useful strategy to achieve full remission in about 50% of partial responders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative regulation of wnt11 expression by Jnk signaling during zebrafish gastrulation
Authors: Seo Jungwon , Asaoka Yoichi , Nagai Yoko , Hirayama Jun , Yamasaki Tokiwa , Namae Misako , Ohata Shinya , Shimizu Nao , Negishi Takahiro , Kitagawa Daiju , Kondoh Hisato , Furutani‐Seiki Makoto , Penninger Josef M. , Katada Toshiaki , Nishina Hiroshi
Published: April 2010

Stress‐induced Sapk/Jnk signaling is involved in cell survival and apoptosis. Recent studies have increased our understanding of the physiological roles of Jnk signaling in embryonic development. However, still unclear is the precise function of Jnk signaling during gastrulation, a critical step in the establishment of the vertebrate body plan. Here we use morpholino‐mediated knockdown of the zebrafish orthologs of the Jnk activators Mkk4 and Mkk7 to examine the effect of Jnk signaling abrogation on early vertebrate embryogenesis. Depletion of zebrafish Mkk4b led to abnormal convergent extension (CE) during gastrulation, whereas Mkk7 morphants exhibited defective somitogenesis. Surprisingly, Mkk4b morphants displayed marked upregulation of wnt11, which is the triggering ligand of CE and stimulates Jnk activation via the non‐canonical Wnt pathway. Conversely, ectopic activation of Jnk signaling by overexpression of an active form of Mkk4b led to wnt11 downregulation. Mosaic lineage tracing studies revealed that Mkk4b‐Jnk signaling suppressed wnt11 expression in a non‐cell‐autonomous manner. These findings provide the first evidence that wnt11 itself is a downstream target of the Jnk cascade in the non‐canonical Wnt pathway. Our work demonstrates that Jnk activation is indispensable for multiple steps during vertebrate body plan formation. Furthermore, non‐canonical Wnt signaling may coordinate vertebrate CE movements by triggering Jnk activation that represses the expression of the CE‐triggering ligand wnt11. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1022–1037, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plumbagin inhibits proliferative and inflammatory responses of T cells independent of ROS generation but by modulating intracellular thiols
Authors: Checker Rahul , Sharma Deepak , Sandur Santosh K. , Subrahmanyam G. , Krishnan Sunil , Poduval T.B. , Sainis K.B.
Published: April 2010

Plumbagin inhibited activation, proliferation, cytokine production, and graft‐versus‐host disease in lymphocytes and inhibited growth of tumor cells by suppressing nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB). Plumbagin was also shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tumor cells via an unknown mechanism. Present report describes a novel role of cellular redox in modulation of immune responses in normal lymphocytes by plumbagin. Plumbagin depleted glutathione (GSH) levels that led to increase in ROS generation. The decrease in GSH levels was due to direct reaction of plumbagin with GSH as evinced by mass spectrometric and HPLC analysis. Further, addition of plumbagin to cells resulted in decrease in free thiol groups on proteins and increase in glutathionylation of proteins. The suppression of mitogen‐induced T‐cell proliferation and cytokine (IL‐2/IL‐4/IL‐6/IFN‐γ) production by plumbagin was abrogated by thiol antioxidants but not by non‐thiol antioxidants confirming that thiols but not ROS play an important role in biological activity of plumbagin. Plumbagin also abrogated mitogen‐induced phosphorylation of ERK, IKK, and degradation of IκB‐α. However, it did not affect phosphorylation of P38, JNK, and AKT. Our results for the first time show that antiproliferative effects of plumbagin are mediated by modulation of cellular redox. These results provide a rationale for application of thiol‐depleting agents as anti‐inflammatory drugs. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1082–1093, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post‐transcriptional regulation of α‐smooth muscle actin determines the contractile phenotype of Dupuytren's nodular cells
Authors: Verjee Liaquat Suleman , Midwood Kim , Davidson Dominique , Eastwood Mark , Nanchahal Jagdeep
Published: April 2010

The objective was to study Dupuytren's myofibroblast cells in constrained collagen matrices in order to more closely emulate their in vivo environment and, to correlate their contractility with α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression and determine if dermal fibroblasts regulate Dupuytren's myofibroblast phenotype. Isotonic and isometric force contraction by cells isolated from Dupuytren's nodules, palmar and non‐palmar skin fibroblasts was measured in collagen matrices. The effect of co‐culturing nodule cells with dermal fibroblasts on isometric contraction was examined. Isometric contraction was correlated with levels of α‐SMA mRNA by pcr and protein by Western blotting, and α‐SMA distribution assessed by immunofluorescence. Dupuytren's nodule cells exhibited similar levels of isotonic contraction to both palmar and non‐palmar dermal fibroblasts. However, nodule cells generated high levels of isometric force (mean: 3.5 dynes/h), which continued to increase over 24 h to a maximum of 173 dynes. In contrast, dermal fibroblasts initially exhibited low levels of contraction (mean: 0.5 dynes/h) and reached tensional homeostasis on average after 15 h (range: 4–20 h), with a maximum force of 52 dynes. Although all three cell types had similar α‐SMA mRNA levels, increased levels of α‐SMA protein were observed in nodule cells compared to dermal fibroblasts. α‐SMA localised to stress fibres in 35% (range: 26–50%) of nodule cells compared to only 3% (range:0–6%) of dermal fibroblasts. Co‐cultures of Dupuytren's cells and dermal fibroblasts showed no contractile differences. The contractile phenotype of Dupuytren's myofibroblasts is determined by increased α‐SMA protein distributed in stress fibres, not by cellular mRNA levels. Dupuytren's cell contractility is not influenced by dermal fibroblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 681–690, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Part 1 – Coherent Light: “From Chips to Ships”
Authors: Poprawe Reinhart
Published: April 2010

This article is the first part of a twopart series about the history as well as the future of laser technology. In the following therefore first the history processes and their perspectives shall be discussed as well as the effects on markets and megatrends, thus their societal impact shall be displayed. In part two of the series (published in Laser Technik Journal issue 3/2010) we will focus on the environmental “green” aspects of coherent light.
High‐Brightness Diode Lasers and New Wavelengths
Authors: Neukum Jörg , Biesenbach Jens , Köhler Bernd , Muy Nadine
Published: April 2010

Design considerations for highbrightness laser diodes in various new wavelength ranges are described, together with achieved results based on laser diode arrays, in the following referred to as laser bars. In addition, the new applications for laser diodes with such new wavelenghts are presented.
Singularities of o‐minimal Peano derivatives
Authors: Fischer Andreas
Published: April 2010

The notion of Peano differentiability generalizes the differentiability in the usual sense to higher order. Peano differentiable functions have derivatives which are sometimes differentiable or continuous or not even locally bounded. We give a complete characterisation of the sets in which Peano differentiable functions which are definable in an o‐minimal expansion of a real closed field are continuously differentiable. Thereby, we also distinguish between several kinds of discontinuities (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integral combinations of Heavisides
Authors: Kainen Paul C. , Kůrková Věra , Vogt Andrew
Published: April 2010

A sufficiently smooth function of d variables that decays fast enough at infinity can be represented pointwise by an integral combination of Heaviside plane waves (i.e., characteristic functions of closed half‐spaces). The weight function in such a representation depends on the derivatives of the represented function. The represen‐tation is proved here by elementary techniques with separate arguments for even and odd d, and unifies and extends various results in the literature (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Women urinate in the standing position do not increase post‐void residual urine volumes
Authors: Chou Eric Chieh‐Lung , Chang Chao‐Hsiang , Chen Chi‐Cheng , Wu Hsi‐Chin , Wu Po‐Lun , Chen Kuo‐Liang
Published: April 2010

Aims

The effects of standing while voiding have seldom been investigated in women. We evaluate urodynamic parameters of voiding while standing in healthy women using uroflowmetry and post‐void residual urine volume assessment. Results are compared with crouching and sitting.

Methods

Between July and October, 2008, a total of 30 healthy, nulliparous female volunteers were enrolled. Ages were 22–37 (mean: 28±4). Urodynamic studies were performed for all in sitting, crouching and standing positions; 3, 3 and 5 times in each position, respectively. Volunteers used homemade auxiliary appliances for collecting urine from the urethra and draining it forward when standing. Volume, maximum flow rate, mean flow rate and post‐void residual urine volume were compared.

Results

Maximum and average flow rates in the sitting and standing positions were significantly different, but not between sitting and crouching or between crouching and standing. There were no differences in voided volume and post‐void residual urine volume. There's no apparent learning curve for women in the standing position.

Conclusions

Though flow rates are decreased while standing, post‐void residual volume is not significantly different. Women have another choice for voiding in public restrooms. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1299–1300, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum prostate‐specific antigen levels reflect the androgen milieu in patients with localized prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy: Tumor malignant potential and androgen milieu
Authors: Takizawa Itsuhiro , Nishiyama Tsutomu , Hara Noboru , Isahaya Etsuko , Hoshii Tatsuhiko , Takahashi Kota
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND

Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has a marked impact on the androgen milieu in vivo and outcomes of prostate cancer (PCa), it remains unclear which parameters reflect the androgen milieu during ADT or whether the milieu is associated with PCa aggressiveness.

METHODS

Seventy‐two patients with localized PCa were prospectively studied based on their blood samples before and after ADT for 6 months. Serum androgens and related values were measured.

RESULTS

Before ADT, there was no correlation between the serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and androgen levels. After ADT, the serum PSA levels were correlated with each level of serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate (DHEA‐S), and 3alpha‐diol G (P < 0.010 in all). Before ADT, patients with Gleason score of ≥8 were likely to have lower serum testosterone levels than those with Gleason score of ≤6 (P = 0.058). After ADT, conversely, the testosterone levels in patients with Gleason score of ≥8 appeared to be higher than in those with Gleason score of ≤6 (P = 0.060). The serum DHEA‐S level was correlated with Gleason score before and after ADT (P = 0.050 and P = 0.040, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The serum PSA levels well reflect the androgen milieu in localized PCa patients receiving ADT, which can be explained by the Saturation Model and disease control. The androgen milieu in men with high Gleason score PCa is probably less affected by conventional ADT than that in men with low score cancer, which was suggested to be associated with adrenal androgen levels. Prostate 70: 1395–1401, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The catch bond mechanism between von Willebrand factor and platelet surface receptors investigated by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Interlandi Gianluca , Thomas Wendy
Published: April 2010

The multi‐domain protein von Willebrand factor is crucial in the blood coagulation process at high shear. The A1 domain binds to the platelet surface receptor glycoprotein Ibα (GpIbα) and this interaction is known to be strengthened by tensile force. The molecular mechanism behind this observation was investigated here by molecular dynamics simulations. The results suggest that the proteins unbind through two distinct pathways depending whether a high‐tensile force is applied or whether unbinding happens through thermal fluctuations. In the high‐force unbinding pathway the A1 domain was observed to rotate away from the C‐terminus of GpIbα. In contrast, during thermal unbinding the A1 domain rotated in the opposite direction as in the high‐force pathway and the distance between the terminii of A1 and the GpIbα C‐terminus shortened. This shortening was reduced and the lifetime of the bond extended if a moderate tensile force was applied across the complex. This suggests that the thermal unbinding pathway is inhibited by a moderate tensile force which is in agreement with the catch bond property shown previously in single molecule experiments. A designed mutant of GpIbα is suggested here in order to test in vitro the thermal unbinding pathway observed in silico. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motorization of a surgical microscope for intra‐operative navigation and intuitive control
Authors: Finke M. , Schweikard A.
Published: April 2010

Background

During surgical procedures, various medical systems, e.g. microscope or C‐arm, are used. Their precise and repeatable manual positioning can be very cumbersome and interrupts the surgeon's work flow. Robotized systems can assist the surgeon but they require suitable kinematics and control. However, positioning must be fast, flexible and intuitive.

Methods

We describe a fully motorized surgical microscope. Hardware components as well as implemented applications are specified. The kinematic equations are described and a novel control concept is proposed.

Results

Our microscope combines fast manual handling with accurate, automatic positioning. Intuitive control is provided by a small remote control mounted to one of the surgical instruments. Positioning accuracy and repeatability are < 1 mm and vibrations caused by automatic movements fade away in about 1 s.

Conclusion

The robotic system assists the surgeon, so that he can position the microscope precisely and repeatedly without interrupting the clinical workflow. The combination of manual und automatic control guarantees fast and flexible positioning during surgical procedures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties and morphology of poly(vinyl chloride) blends with solid‐state‐chlorinated polyethylene
Authors: Zhang Yuhong , He Peixin
Published: April 2010

Correlations of the stress‐strain behavior and impact strength of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends with different amounts and chlorine contents of solid‐state‐chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) were studied. The relationships between the morphology and properties of the PVC/CPE blends also were investigated. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis and transmission electron microscopy showed that PVC/CPE blends are partially compatible systems and that a certain interaction exists between the two phases. When the amount of CPE (chlorine content, 36–42%) was 7–15 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of resin), an essentially perfect CPE network was formed, and the blends showed better impact resistance. A Brabender Plasticorder study revealed that CPE can promote the plasticity of PVC and improve its processability. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
3D analyses of cavitation instabilities accounting for plastic anisotropy
Authors: Legarth B.N. , Tvergaard V.
Published: April 2010

Full three dimensional cell model analyses are carried out for a solid containing a single small void, in order to determine the critical stress levels for the occurrence of cavitation instabilities. The material models applied are elastic‐viscoplastic, with a small rate‐hardening exponent, and the main focus is on the effect of different degrees of plastic anisotropy. Loading cases are considered, where all the macroscopic principal stresses differ. The numerical quasi‐static solutions are obtained by a full transient analysis of the equations of motion, in which the loading is applied so slowly that the quasi‐static solution is well approximated. A special procedure is used to strongly reduce the loading rate a little before the instability occurs. It is found that plastic anisotropy has a significant effect on the level of the critical stress for cavitation instabilities.
Hémangiome caverneux du cordon spermatique : à propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature
Authors: Elbaghouli M. , Aboutaib R. , Dakir M. , Rabii R. , Meziane F.
Published: April 2010

L’hémangiome caverneux du cordon spermatique est une tumeur vasculaire bénigne très rare. Seuls quelques cas ont été rapportés dans la littérature. Le diagnostic clinique est plutôt difficile, et il est, en général, de découverte anatomopathologique. Ses principales particularités sont la gravité de ses complications et la possibilité d’involution spontanée. Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient de 26 ans, traité pour tuberculose ganglionnaire il y a deux ans, et, chez qui, l’échographie a orienté vers ce diagnostic. Le traitement consistait en une tumorectomie. La discussion concerne la définition, l’étiopathogénie, les aspects histologiques, cliniques, les moyens diagnostiques, les complications et le traitement.
Prevalence, characteristics and comorbidities of anxiety disorders in France: Results from the “Mental Health in General Population” Survey (MHGP)
Authors: Leray E. , Camara A. , Drapier D. , Riou F. , Bougeant N. , Pelissolo A. , Lloyd K.R. , Bellamy V. , Roelandt J.L. , Millet B.
Published: April 2010

Purpose

Only a few European countries have carried out large, community-based, national surveys about psychiatric morbidity. Here is presented the first national French survey, aiming to estimate the prevalence of anxiety disorders and associated comorbidities according to sociodemographic characteristics.

Materials and methods

The Mental Health in General Population (MHGP) database is derived from a representative national survey of the French adult population (n= 36,105), conducted between 1999 and 2003. Data collection was done using an anonymous face-to-face interview. The presence of anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia and post-traumatic stress disorder) was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.

Results

The overall prevalence of anxiety disorders was estimated to be 21.6%, generalized anxiety disorder being the most prevalent one (12.8%). Women, young people, and people earning low income were identified as the more at risk. Major depressive episode, alcohol abuse and drug addiction frequently co-occur with anxiety disorders (28.3, 4.4 and 2.8% respectively).

Conclusions

The MHGP study showed that anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in France with a high frequency of comorbidities. Our results highlight the need for considering anxiety disorders as a public health priority in France as well as in other European countries.
Examining the case for the effect of barrier compression on tunneling, vibrationally enhanced catalysis, catalytic entropy and related issues
Authors: Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn , Mavri Janez , Warshel A.
Published: April 2010

The idea that tunneling is enhanced by the compression of the donor–acceptor distance has attracted significant interest. In particular, recent studies argued that this proposal is consistent with pressure effects on enzymatic reactions, and that the observed pressure effects support the idea of vibrationally enhanced catalysis. However, a careful analysis of the current works reveals serious inconsistencies in the evidence presented to support these hypotheses. Apparently, tunneling decreases upon compression, and external pressure does not lead to the applicable compression of the free energy surface. Additionally, pressure experiments do not provide actual evidence for vibrationally enhanced catalysis. Finally, the temperature dependence of the entropy change in hydride transfer reactions is shown to reflect simple electrostatic effects.