bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
En Bloc Resection for Spinal Cord Hemangioblastomas: Surgical Technique and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Guo Hua , Zhang Jianli , Ye Junyi , Wang Shurong , Jiang Haiping , Mu Qingchun , Wang Xiaoxiong
Published: November 2023

Background Spinal cord hemangioblastomas are rare benign and highly vascular tumors that develop either sporadically or as part of von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease. Generally, complete resection without significant neurologic deficit remains considerably challenging due to the risk of massive bleeding. The current study therefore aimed to describe en bloc resection of spinal cord hemangioblastomas according to the typical anatomical structures of peripheral lesions and evaluate the neurofunctional prognosis of this technique.

Methods A total of 39 spinal cord hemangioblastomas from a series of 19 patients who underwent en bloc resection were retrospectively analyzed. In all cases, clinical and radiologic characteristics, as well as surgical tenets, were retrospectively determined and analyzed. Short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed using the McCormick grade and Odom's criteria. Factors significantly associated with poor neurologic function after en bloc resection were also determined.

Results All 39 spinal cord hemangioblastomas, including 28 intramedullary, 2 intramedullary–extramedullary, and 9 extramedullary lesions, were located dorsally or dorsolaterally (100.0%). The most common lesion location was the thoracic segment (53.8%), with most of the lesions being accompanied by syringomyelia (94.7%). Long-term follow-up (mean: 103 ± 50.4 months) for prognosis determination revealed that 88.2% (15/17) of all cases had stable or improved neurofunctional outcomes according to the McCormick grade and Odom's criteria. Only one case with VHL disease developed recurrence 4 years after surgery. Additionally, statistical analysis showed that VHL disease was an independent prognostic factor associated with deteriorating neurologic function (p = 0.015).

Conclusions En bloc resection facilitated satisfactory long-term functional outcomes in patients with spinal cord hemangioblastomas. Given that VHL disease was identified as a predictor of poor long-term outcomes, regular long-term follow-up of patients with VHL-associated spinal cord hemangioblastoma seems necessary.
Hospital Exposure Prior to Total Hip Arthroplasty: Are Perioperative Outcomes Impacted?
Authors: Bieganowski Thomas , Robin Joseph X. , Christensen Thomas H. , Ronan Emily , Davidovitch Roy I. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Rozell Joshua C.
Published: November 2023

As demand for total hip arthroplasty (THA) continues to grow, identifying risk factors for poor perioperative outcomes may help guide preoperative planning. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the risk of adverse outcomes following THA after a preoperative health care event (PHE). This was a single-institution retrospective review of all patients who underwent primary THA from September 2011 to April 2022. Patients were stratified based on whether they had a PHE or not. PHEs were defined as an emergency department visit or hospital admission within 90 days of surgery. Binary logistic regression was fit for discharge disposition, 30- and 90-day readmission, and 1 year revision while controlling for all significant covariates. We identified a total of 11,598 patients' status post-THA, of whom 273 had a PHE. PHE patients were significantly more likely to require facility discharge (odds ratio [OR]: 2.490; p < 0.001) than those who did not have a PHE. Additionally, any PHE predisposed patients to significantly higher 30-day (OR: 1.992; p = 0.013) and 90-day (OR: 2.387; p < 0.001) readmission rates. Patients with two or more PHEs were at an even greater risk of facility discharge (OR: 3.679; p = 0.001), readmission within 30 days (OR: 4.204; p = 0.009), and readmission within 90 days (OR: 7.965; p < 0.001). Patients who undergo THA after having a PHE are at significantly higher risk of facility discharge and readmission. A temporary recovery period and evaluation of surgical candidacy following a PHE and prior to THA may lead to better postoperative outcomes.

Level III Evidence Retrospective Cohort Study
Lateral Subvastus Lateralis versus Medial Parapatellar Approach for Total Knee Arthroplasty: Patient Outcomes and Kinematics Analysis
Authors: Sidhu Sahil P. , Broberg Jordan S. , Willing Ryan , Teeter Matthew G. , Lanting Brent A.
Published: November 2023

The conventional approach for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a medial parapatellar approach (MPA). We aimed to study patient outcomes and kinematics with a quadriceps sparing lateral subvastus lateralis approach (SLA). Patients with neutral/varus alignment undergoing primary TKA were consented to undergo the SLA. At 1-year postoperative, patients underwent radiostereometric analysis. Patients were administered the Short Form 12 (SF-12), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Knee Society Score (KSS). Kinematics and outcome data were compared to a group undergoing TKA via conventional MPA. Fourteen patients underwent TKA via SLA with a mean age 71.5 ± 8.0 and mean body mass index (BMI) 31.0 ± 4.5. The MPA group had 13 patients with mean age 63.4 ± 5.5 (p = 0.006) and mean BMI 31.2 ± 4.6 (p = 0.95). The SLA resulted in a significantly more posterior medial contact point at 0 (p = 0.011), 20 (p = 0.020), and 40 (p = 0.039) degrees of flexion. There was no significant difference in medial contact point from 60 to 120 degrees, lateral contact point at any degree of flexion, or axial rotation. There was no difference in improvement in postoperative WOMAC, SF-12, KSS function, and total KSS knee scores between groups. The MPA group had a significantly greater improvement in KSS knee scores at 3 months (p < 0.001), 1 year (p = 0.003), and 2 years (p = 0.017). The SLA resulted in increased medial femoral rollback early in flexion. Although both approaches resulted in improved postoperative outcomes, the MPA group showed significantly greater improvements in KSS knee scores at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Further studies are required to identify any benefits that the SLA may offer.

Level of Evidence Therapeutic Level II
Quality of Life in Children with Skeletal Malocclusion after Myofunctional Therapy—A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Ramesh Athul , Hegde Amitha M. , Shetty Rajmohan , Shetty Shrema
Published: November 2023

Objectives Growing children with jaw discrepancies, particularly in the anterior region, may require orthodontic management to improve aesthetics, oral health, and dental function. Growing children with skeletal malocclusions self-perception of his or her current oral health status and its impact on his or her quality of life are of prime importance that is often neglected. Hence, this study aims to compare emotional and social wellness in children with skeletal malocclusion before and after myofunctional therapy through a prevalidated child perception questionnaire (CPQ).

Materials and Methods Fifty young growing patients with skeletal or dental malocclusion between the age group of 8 and 13 years were included in this study. A preoperative close-ended CPQ 8 to 10 and CPQ 11 to 14 questionnaires were given to the selected children to assess their social and emotional status due to malocclusion. A postoperative close-ended CPQ 8 to 10 and CPQ 11 to 14 questionnaire were given to assess any psychosocial improvement in children after myofunctional therapy.

Results An overall improvement was shown in social and emotional well-being of the children using the CPQ, which clearly indicates that growing children with skeletal malocclusion needs to get themselves corrected at the earliest so that their quality of life improves and they become more confident in the society.

Conclusion Myofunctional therapy has a positive impact in quality of life of children with skeletal malocclusion by enhancing their social and emotional wellness
Synergetic enhancement effect of two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets and metal organic framework-derived porous ZnO nanorods for photodegradation performance
Authors: Yin Huimin , Zhou Suyu , Liu Junhui , Huang Mingju
Published: November 2023

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides and semiconductor metal oxides have shown great potential in photocatalysis. However, their stability and efficiency need to be further improved. In this paper, porous ZnO nanorods with high specific surface area were prepared from metal-organic framework ZIF-8 by a simple hydrothermal method. A MoS2/ZnO composite was constructed by loading MoS2 onto the surface of porous ZnO nanorods. Compared with ZnO materials prepared by other methods, MoS2/ZnO prepared in this paper exhibits superior photocatalytic performance. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the MoS2/ZnO composite can be attributed to the formation of heterojunctions and strong interaction between them, which greatly facilitate the separation of electrons and holes at the contact interface. In addition, due to the wide absorption region of the visible spectrum, MoS2 can greatly broaden the light absorption range of the material after the formation of the composite material, increase the utilization rate of visible light, and reduce the combination of electrons and holes. This study provides a new way to prepare cheap and efficient photocatalysts.
Tuning perovskite nanocrystal superlattices for superradiance in the presence of disorder
Authors: Nguyen T. P. Tan , Tan Liang Z. , Baranov Dmitry
Published: November 2023

The cooperative emission of interacting nanocrystals is an exciting topic fueled by recent reports of superfluorescence and superradiance in assemblies of perovskite nanocubes. Several studies estimated that coherent coupling is localized to a small fraction of nanocrystals (10−7–10−3) within the assembly, raising questions about the origins of localization and ways to overcome it. In this work, we examine single-excitation superradiance by calculating radiative decays and the distribution of superradiant wave function in two-dimensional CsPbBr3 nanocube superlattices. The calculations reveal that the energy disorder caused by size distribution and large interparticle separations reduces radiative coupling and leads to the excitation localization, with the energy disorder being the dominant factor. The single-excitation model clearly predicts that, in the pursuit of cooperative effects, having identical nanocubes in the superlattice is more important than achieving a perfect spatial order. The monolayers of large CsPbBr3 nanocubes (LNC = 10–20 nm) are proposed as model systems for experimental tests of superradiance under conditions of non-negligible size dispersion, while small nanocubes (LNC = 5–10 nm) are preferred for realizing the Dicke state under ideal conditions.
Proteome-wide tagging with an H
2
O
2
biosensor reveals highly localized and dynamic redox microenvironments
Authors: Kritsiligkou Paraskevi , Bosch Katharina , Shen Tzu Keng , Meurer Matthias , Knop Michael , Dick Tobias P.
Published: November 2023

Hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) sensing and signaling involves the reversible oxidation of particular thiols on particular proteins to modulate protein function in a dynamic manner. H
2
O
2
can be generated from various intracellular sources, but their identities and relative contributions are often unknown. To identify endogenous “hotspots” of H
2
O
2
generation on the scale of individual proteins and protein complexes, we generated a yeast library in which the H
2
O
2
sensor HyPer7 was fused to the C-terminus of all protein-coding open reading frames (ORFs). We also generated a control library in which a redox-insensitive mutant of HyPer7 (SypHer7) was fused to all ORFs. Both libraries were screened side-by-side to identify proteins located within H
2
O
2
-generating environments. Screening under a variety of different metabolic conditions revealed dynamic changes in H
2
O
2
availability highly specific to individual proteins and protein complexes. These findings suggest that intracellular H
2
O
2
generation is much more localized and functionally differentiated than previously recognized.
An Unheard Voice: The Paintings of Zohar Tal Inbar, a Mother Looking at Her Soldier Son
Authors: Marnin-Distelfeld Shahar
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on a series—Of Beautiful Arms—by Israeli artist Zohar Tal Inbar. The paintings were created a few years after the artist’s son was released from the army, diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It includes figurative paintings, most of them focusing on the body of a young man—a soldier. The methodology combines visual analysis of the paintings with interviews with the artist. Findings have shown that the series embodies double estrangement—thematic and stylistic. The artist has used intertextuality to portray soldier images borrowed from Greek and Roman mythology and from Christianity. In terms of style, the paintings portray realistic figures against abstract backgrounds that distance them from Israeli reality while leaving them recognizable as Israeli soldiers. Using double estrangement allowed the artist to express a feminist counterposition—that of a woman refusing to passively accept the role of an uncritically supportive soldier’s mother. In addition, she has explored the soldier’s fragility by pointing to PTSD, a common phenomenon among military personnel, which in Israeli discourse still suffers a disfranchised status.
Signs of Solidarity and Difference: Kaçak Tea, Samimiyet, and the National Public in Turkey
Authors: Lewis Patrick Charles
Published: November 2023

In Turkey, tea is a near-universally consumed beverage that also operates as a salient moral and political sign in social life. This article describes how tea functions as a “medium of value” in the country, circulating as both a physical commodity and a multivalent sign vehicle that is closely linked in popular imagination to modern modes of egalitarian sociability and the formation of Turkey’s postwar multiparty democracy. In describing the semiotic ideologies that inform tea’s uptake as a sign and its place in Turkey’s modern public culture, the article also traces the historical-material processes that have made tea into both a symbolic model of communal solidarity and a salient sign of national difference—a contested semiotic medium of representation that informs popular discourses on public virtue and democratic politics and that is prominently mobilized in divergent public making projects in contemporary Turkey and North (“Turkish”) Kurdistan.
The other way around: from alternative gravity to entropy
Authors: Ourabah Kamel
Published: November 2023

Since the seminal work of Verlinde, the idea that gravity may be an emergent force of entropic origin has gained widespread attention. Many generalizations of this key idea have been considered in the literature, starting from well-known and well-motivated generalized entropies to derive generalized gravity theories. Here, we approach the problem from the opposite direction. We ask whether phenomenologically motivated generalized gravitational theories, yet lacking a strong theoretical justification, may find their origin in an entropic scenario. We examine a set of seven proposals of modified gravity, which have been introduced either (i) as large-scale corrections to Newtonian gravity, aimed at reproducing astrophysical observations in the far field, or (ii) as small-scale corrections, in order to regularize the singularity in the near field. For each proposal, we construct the underlying entropy, producing the desired dynamics in an entropic scenario. This reveals previously unnoticed connections between various proposals. The class of entropies introduced by Sheykhi and Hendi (2011 Phys. Rev. D 84 044023), exhibiting power-law corrections to the area law, appears to cover a number of useful phenomenological proposals, while the concept of fractional gravity is shown to arise from the recently introduced Barrow entropy. Other entropic forms, involving different type of corrections, also emerge from this procedure. We discuss their implications and their connections with entropies previously introduced in the literature. To broaden our analysis, we extend our discussion to the cosmological context, and examine the effect of these entropies on Friedmann equations.
Utilization of self-lasing radiation for characterization of plasma discharge waveguides
Authors: Kaganovich D , Petrov G , Hafizi B
Published: November 2023

Naturally occurring self-lasing of a confined plasma discharge is used as a plasma diagnostic. Together with other readily measurable parameters such as discharge voltage and current, the laser radiation provides the necessary constraints for fitting the parameters of a plasma chemistry model. The model determines the plasma density, electron temperature and excited-state populations as functions of time and space and shows excellent agreement with experiments performed in a nitrogen-filled discharge tube. Plasma self-lasing has been observed in a form of a ring and has a plasma density profile that can be employed for optical guiding.
Isoscaling in dilute warm nuclear systems
Authors: Rebillard-Soulié Alex , Bougault Rémi , Pais Helena , Borderie Bernard , Chbihi Abdelouahad , Ciampi Caterina , Fable Quentin , Frankland John , Galichet Emmanuelle , Génard Tom , Gruyer Diégo , Le Neindre Nicolas , Lombardo Ivano , Lopez Olivier , Manduci Loredana , Pârlog Marian , Verde Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

Heavy-ion collisions are a good tool to explore hot nuclear matter below saturation density, ρ
0. It has been established that if a nuclear system reaches the thermal and chemical equilibrium, this leads to scaling properties in the isotope production when comparing two systems which differ in proton fraction. This article presents a study of the isoscaling properties of an expanding gas source exploring different thermodynamic states (density, temperature, proton fraction). This experimental work highlights the existence of an isoscaling relationship for hydrogen and 3He, 4He helium isotopes which agrees with the hypothesis of thermal and chemical equilibrium. Moreover, this work reveals the limitations of isoscaling when the two systems differ slightly in total mass and temperature. Also, a discrepancy has been observed for the 6He isotope, which could be explained by finite size effects or by the specific halo nature of this cluster.
A fault diagnosis approach for roller bearing based on boundary smooth support matrix machine
Authors: Shi Jingshu , Pan Haiyang , Cheng Jian , Zheng Jinde , Liu Xing
Published: November 2023

Support matrix machine (SMM), as a typical matrix classification method, is commonly used in the field of mechanical fault diagnosis due to its ability to fully utilize the strong correlation information between rows or columns in the matrix. However, the constraint terms of SMM have the property of local non-differentiability, which affects computational efficiency and accuracy. To address these limitations, a boundary smooth SMM (BSSMM) is proposed in this paper. In BSSMM, the squared hinge loss function is utilized to construct the loss term, which gives the model good generalization performance and robustness. Meanwhile, the square hinge loss function is smooth, which can achieve rapid convergence and avoid falling into the local optimal solution problem. Experimental verification is performed using vibration signals of two types of roller bearings, and the analysis results show that the proposed BSSMM method has superior classification performance compared to SMM and its improved methods.
Multi-level deep domain adaptive adversarial model based on tensor-train decomposition for industrial time series forecasting
Authors: Yang Chen , Peng Chuang , Chen Lei , Hao Kuangrong
Published: November 2023

The polyester industry is a complex process industry, building a time series prediction model for new production lines or equipment with new sensors can be challenging due to a lack of historical data. The time-series data collected from sensors cross-production-line often exhibit varying distributions. Current domain adaptation (DA) approaches in data-driven time series forecasting primarily concentrate on adjusting either the features or the models, neglecting the intricacies of industrial time series data. Furthermore, constructing deep neural networks for industrial data necessitates substantial computational resources and runtime due to their large and high-dimensional nature. In order to tackle these obstacles, we propose a novel Multi-level deep domain adaptive adversarial model based on tensor-train decomposition (TT-MDAM). Our model aims to strike a dynamic balance between prediction accuracy and runtime efficiency. By integrating multiple perspectives at the feature, trend, and model levels, we leverage DA to enhance the prediction accuracy of our model in the target domain. Additionally, by analyzing the weight matrix of the neural network, we generate a low-rank model to improve operational efficiency. The application of the proposed TT-MDAM approach to both the three-phase flow facility process (TPFF) dataset and a real-world polyester esterification process dataset reveals promising results, outperforming state-of-the-art methodologies in terms of prediction performance. The results indicate that the approach provides a viable solution for building time series prediction models in industrial processes with new equipment or production lines.
First-principles simulation of optical emission spectra for low-pressure argon plasmas and its experimental validation
Authors: Jenina Arellano Fatima , Gyulai Márton , Donkó Zoltán , Hartmann Peter , Tsankov Tsanko V , Czarnetzki Uwe , Hamaguchi Satoshi
Published: November 2023

Various spectral line emissions are often used for the experimental characterization of low-temperature plasmas. For a better understanding of the relation between the plasma characteristics and optical emission spectra, first-principle numerical simulations for low-pressure radio-frequency driven capacitively-coupled plasmas (CCPs) of argon have been performed by coupling one-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) simulations with a global collisional-radiative model (CRM). The only ionization and excitation mechanisms included in the PIC/MCC simulations of this study are the electron-impact ionization and excitations of the ground-state Ar atoms, as done commonly, whereas the electron-impact ionization of metastable states and other ionization mechanisms are also included in the CRM to account for the optical emission spectra. The PIC/MCC coupled CRM provides the emission spectra, which are then compared with experimental data obtained from the corresponding Ar CCPs with a gas pressure ranging from 2 Pa to 100 Pa. The comparison has shown good agreement for pressures up to about 20 Pa but increasingly notable deviations at higher pressures. The deviation is ascribed to the missing consistency between the PIC/MCC simulations and CRM at higher pressures, where the ionization from the metastable states is more dominant than that from the ground states, indicating a significant change in the electron energy distribution function due to the electron collisions with excited Ar atoms at higher pressures.
Collision integrals of electronically excited atoms in air plasmas. I. N–N and O–O interactions
Authors: Zhao Wensheng , Hong Qizhen , Yang Chao , Sun Quanhua , Hu Yuan
Published: November 2023

The current work presents the collision integral data for N(4
S)–N(4
S, 2
D, 2
P) and O(3
P, 1
D, 1
S)–O(3
P, 1
D, 1
S) interactions in the temperature range of 500–50 000 K. The collision integrals are calculated based on high-quality potential energy curves (PECs) obtained from fitting the high-level

a
b
 
i
n
i
t
i
o

calculation data in a wide energy range to the neural network (NN) functions. In the construction of PECs, the diabatic PECs are adopted when avoided crossings exist because the diabatic paths are much more likely to be followed for such situations. Moreover, the nonadiabatic transition effects are estimated to be negligible for PECs crossings. The accuracy of traditional analytical formulas to fit PECs are also examined. It is found that the collision integral calculations are sensitive to the accuracy of PECs and the NN based PECs overwhelm the others. The contribution of inelastic excitation exchange processes to the diffusion collision integrals are also computed by using an accurate evaluation of the differences of PECs for gerade and ungerade pairs of excited atoms. Finally, based on the new collision integral data, we calibrate the collision model parameters suitable for the widely used particle simulation methods. The collision integrals and collision models developed in this work can be used to support high-confidence simulations of weakly ionized air plasma problems.
Design, simulation, and experimental investigation on a novel multi-drive pattern three-degree-of-freedom rotary piezoelectric motor
Authors: Pan Zhiyong , Wang Liang , Jin Jiamei , Qiu Jianmin , Feng Haoren , Yang Ying
Published: November 2023

Three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) rotary piezoelectric motors often suffer from low positioning accuracy, complex excitation signals, and uneven preloading, limiting their application in precision drive systems. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel multi-drive pattern 3-DOF rotary piezoelectric motor, comprising a sandwich-type hollow cylindrical stator, a spherical rotor, and a pre-tightening structure. The proposed motor can operate in both inertial and traveling wave drive patterns. In the inertial drive pattern, the first-order and the third-order bending vibration modes of the stator are simultaneously excited by a sawtooth wave signal, generating a saw-tooth displacement on its driving feet to rotate the rotor around the x or y-axis. In the traveling wave drive pattern, two mutually orthogonal first-order bending vibration modes of the stator are simultaneously stimulated by two sinusoidal signals, generating a traveling wave on its driving feet to rotate the rotor around the z-axis. Initially, finite element analysis is used to simulate the operating principle of the stator and determine its geometric dimensions. Subsequently, a prototype of the sandwich-type hollow cylindrical stator is fabricated, and its vibration characteristics are tested to confirm the validation of the proposed operating principle and the correctness of the finite element simulation. Finally, a prototype of the proposed 3-DOF rotary piezoelectric motor is assembled, and its mechanical output characteristics are experimentally evaluated. Experimental results indicate that when the excitation voltage is 200 Vpp, the no-load rotary velocities of the motor prototype in three rotation directions are 79 r min−1, 76 r min−1, and 101 r min−1, respectively, start/stop response times are 10 ms/8.6 ms, 13.4 ms/6.2 ms, and 15.5 ms/7.7 ms, respectively, and the angular displacement resolutions are 7.4 μrad, 8 μrad, and 11.4 μrad, respectively. The proposed motor exhibits high mechanical integration, 3-DOF rotation, few excitation signals, adjustable pre-tightening force, and high positioning accuracy advantages, holding the potential applications in fields such as robotic technology and space pointing mechanisms.
Development and testing of a three-period, subsize 2G AIMI MgB2 planar undulator
Authors: Garg T , Rochester J , Majoros M , Kovacs C , Peng X , Rindfleisch M , Xue S , Tomsic M , Doll D , Collings E W , Sumption M D
Published: November 2023

Compared to Nb3Sn- and NbTi-wound superconducting undulators (SCUs), MgB2-wound SCUs are of interest for future electron synchrotron beam light sources owing to their higher temperature operating margin and associated stability. In this study, a three-period undulator consisting of twelve racetrack coils wound with 2nd generation (2 G) multifilamentary advanced-internal-magnesium-infiltration MgB2 strands were fabricated and tested in liquid and gaseous helium (He) over a temperature range of 4.2 K–20 K. The coil winding cross sections (in each coil) were 5 mm wide and 4.8 mm thick. At 4.2 K, a critical current (I
c) of 325.7 Amps produced a maximum undulator bore field of 1.19 T. It should be noted that the short, 3-period nature of the coil led to an asymmetry in the field profile (the maximum positive field was 1.19 T, the maximum negative was −0.25 T), suggesting a peak field of 0.72 T in the absence of end effects. Finite element modeling (FEM) results of simulations for a one meter long undulator of otherwise identical design gave 0.85 T (larger because of higher currents enabled by the lower field). But in any case, the I
c value coil reached is 94% of that of the short sample (dictated by the 1.19 T positive field for the coil as tested). FEM was performed to study the magnetic field profile, which was validated experimentally. The magnetic field was measured using a Hall probe which was translated along the beam axis during measurement to explore the spatial field variation along the beam travel direction. The spatially alternating field was asymmetric, and the maximum field was more prominent in the positive direction than in the negative direction, the difference being due to broken symmetry, that is, short coil end effects. In this work, we show useful fields are possible for MgB2 undulators; the use of such conductors can allow a larger thermal margin and enable conduction-cooled operation.
Effect of anisotropic interactions on the heat conduction of one-dimensional chains
Authors: Wan Lei , Tao Huang , Tian Yafang , Zeng Chunhua , Li Baowen
Published: November 2023

One-dimensional (1D) chain models are frequently employed to investigate heat conduction in various systems. Despite their widespread use, there has been limited exploration of 1D chain models with anisotropic interactions. In this study, we examine heat conduction in a 1D chain model with orientation–position coupled interaction, namely the compressible XY model, and compare it with isotropic Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou β (FPUT-β) systems. At low temperatures, the local temperatures in the translational and rotational degrees of freedom differ due to the difference in the contact thermal resistance in the two degrees of freedom. The system maintains orientational order, and the orientation–position-coupling effect lowers thermal conductivity in translational degrees of freedom. As the temperature rises above a transition point, the rotation of particles switches from oscillation to diffusion, leading to a solid-like to fluid-like transition in the rotational degree of freedom. The anisotropic interactions become negligible under time averaging, making the system’s properties similar to those of isotropic FPUT-β systems. Additionally, we investigate the system’s orientational structure to elucidate this transition. These findings will enhance our understanding of the dynamics of nanoscale anisotropic systems, such as the heat conduction of spin chains.
A tapered feed UWB-MIMO antenna with high characteristics based on fractal method
Authors: Sediq Hiwa Taha
Published: November 2023

A miniaturized antenna based on fractal method and Tapered-feeder technique for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is developed in this research. The structure of the component cell monopole antenna is designed by using a half circle-shaped fractal method and merging material implementation with the L-stub shape. These techniques provide a wide impedance bandwidth for the innovative wireless antenna with high characteristics, which operates from 2.73 to 12.21 GHz. The planned module cell dimensions are 20 by 16 square millimetres (

0.181

λ

L

×
0.145

λ

L

), where the wavelength (

λ

L

) is 110 mm. This low-profile antenna has then been employed to design an array of 1 × 2 Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) antennas with an overall size of 20 ×34

mm

2

.

Two symmetric geometries are arranged in the designed miniaturized MIMO system with an inverted T-shaped decoupling copper between them. Measurement results show that the dual antenna with multiple diversity metrics has great characteristics for MIMO applications due to providing low mutual coupling value, lower than 0.33 bits per s./Hz of channel capacity loss, minor envelope correlation coefficient of fewer than 0.005, lower −11 dB of total active reflection coefficient, greater than 9.93 dB of diversity gain and proper mean effective gain (MEG ratio≈1, MEG ≤ 0.5). A high peak gain magnitude of 5.42 dBi is provided at an operating frequency of 10.5 GHz for the recommended single antenna.
A new fractional-order 5D memristive chaotic system with special extreme multistability and its application to image encryption
Authors: Yan Shaohui , Jiang Defeng , Zhang Hanbing , Zhang Yuyan , Cui Yu , Li Lin
Published: November 2023

Introducing memristor into the chaotic system can enrich the dynamic behaviors of the chaotic system. We propose a symbolic function memristor model and introduce it into a chaotic system to construct a fractional-order 5D memristor chaotic system. Through dynamic analysis of equilibrium point, Lyapunov exponents, phase diagram and bifurcation diagram, it is found that the system has abundant dynamic behaviors, for example, the change of equilibrium point type with parameters, transient chaos, offset-boosting and a special kind of extreme multistability. And with the change of parameters, the attractor state and shape will appear rich changes. Then the correctness of the system is verified by circuit simulation. The chaotic system is introduced into the process of image encryption, and an encryption system is constructed, which is composed of Zigzag scrambling, Hilbert curve scrambling, DNA encryption and GF257 diffusion algorithm. Finally, through a variety of security verification, the results show that the encryption system has good security and can resist many kinds of attacks effectively.
Synchronization gauge field, standing waves and one-way-speed of light
Authors: Bhadra Arunava , Chakraborty Abhishek , Ghose Souvik , Raychaudhuri Biplab
Published: November 2023

The absolute nature of many fundamental predictions of the theory of special relativity, including the relativity of simultaneity, has been questioned in the literature owing to the choice of distant clock synchronization process in the theory. Here we discuss the consequences of Anderson-Vetharaniam-Stedman (AVS) conventionality synchronization gauge, which reflects the choice of synchronization convention, on the standing wave observable. We found that although the position of the node(s) is gauge invariant and remain the same as in the standard case of the stationary wave formation following the Einstein synchronization, the anti-node(s) becomes a gauge dependent (conventional) element and the resulting wave travels between two nodes, contrary to the experimental observation. The experimental detection of standing wave substantiates that the one-way velocity is equal to the round-trip velocity implying the uniqueness of the Einstein synchronization convention. The present analysis thus eliminates the (unphysical) synchronization gauge freedom of special relativity.
Effects of the magnetic field and the off-center displacement on the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of inverted core/shell spherical one-electron quantum dots
Authors: Negoukoumé Abdoulaï A , Melingui Melono R L , Motapon O
Published: November 2023

The third order nonlinear optical susceptibility (TONOS) of an inverted ZnS/CdSe core–shell spherical quantum dot embedded in SiO
2-matrix with or without impurity, and subjected to an external magnetic field is investigated. Within the framework of effective mass approximation and using B-splines basis functions, the energy levels, the dipole matrix elements and the TONOS are computed. The dielectric mismatch in the interface dots as well as the effective mass dependence on the core and shell regions are taken into account. It is revealed that, simultaneously the shell size, magnetic field and off-center displacement have a noticeable effect on the positions and the heights of the peaks of the TONOS. Moreover, we have shown that, due to the magnetic field and the off-center displacement effects, the TONOS takes different profiles associated with the polarization direction (parallel and perpendicular). In the perpendicular polarization, two peaks of the nonlinear optical properties appear for each off-center displacement value corresponding to the two transversal allowed transitions. The shift towards higher energies of the peak position and the reduction of the intensity of the peak when the magnetic field increases are recorded in the transversal transition case. Furthermore, in the longitudinal transition, as increasing the magnetic field strength, the intensity of the peak of the TONOS grows and the position of the peak is shifted towards lower frequencies. The dielectric constant, effective mass and conduction band offset of the materials that constitute the core and shell are equally found to modify significantly the main features of the susceptibility.
Sequence entropy for amenable group actions*
Authors: Liu Chunlin , Yan Kesong
Published: November 2023

We study the sequence entropy for amenable group actions and investigate systematically spectrum and several mixing concepts via sequence entropy both in measure-theoretic dynamical systems and topological dynamical systems. Moreover, we use sequence entropy pairs to characterize weakly mixing and null systems in the topological sense.
Effective transmittance of Fabry–Perot cavity under non-parallel beam incidence
Authors: Lv 吕 Yin-Sheng 寅生 , Xie 谢 Pin-Hua 品华 , Xu 徐 Jin 晋 , Li 李 You-Tao 友涛 , Zhang 张 Hua-Rong 华荣
Published: November 2023

The Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonant cavity is widely used in laser and spectroscopic measurements due to its unique interference transfer function (ITF). In the ideal case of parallel incident light, the ITF of the FP resonant cavity can be expressed by the Airy function. However, in reality, it is difficult to achieve perfect parallelism with collimated beams. In this article, a theoretical model is established for non-parallel light incidence, which assumes that the non-parallel incident light is a cone-shaped beam, and the cone angle is used to quantify the non-parallelism of the beam. The transmittance function of the FP resonant cavity under non-parallel light incidence is derived. The accuracy of the model is experimentally verified. Based on this model, the effects of divergence angle, tilt angle and FP cavity parameters (reflectivity, cavity length) on the ITF are studied. The reasons for the decrease in peak value, broadening and asymmetry of the interference peak under non-parallel light incidence are explained. It is suggested that a fine balance between the interference peak and the collimation effect of the incident light should be considered in the design and application of FP resonant cavities, especially for tilted applications such as angle-scanned spectroscopy. The research results of this article have certain significance for the design and application of FP resonant cavities.
U2-MNet: An Improved Neural Network for Breast Tumor Segmentation
Authors: Li Baoqing , Su Bo , Zhang Xiaoqian
Published: November 2023

In recent years, UNet and its variants have achieved excellent performance. However, since the convolution kernel in UNet focuses solely on local pixels, these models struggle to model long-range dependencies. This issue has been addressed by recently proposed segmentation models based on transformer architecture. The internal self-attention mechanisms included in these systems capture global contextual information to improve segmentation effects. However, the results are often not ideal without pre-training on a large-scale dataset. Therefore, we designed a model (U2-MNet) to overcome the limitations of convolutional kernels, enabling the model to achieve high-accuracy segmentation without pre-training. This approach adopts a multi-layer framework, which can effectively describe multi-level channel information, employing a window-based channel MLP (WCM) block. It utilizes a sliding window and an MLP to capture information about details in local features. In addition, multi-level channel cross mixing (MCCM) block is included in each skip connection to reduce noise after aggregation of low-level and high-level features. The proposed model was trained from scratch and tested on Breast UltraSound Images (BUSI) dataset. Our model achieved 82.76%, 73.17%, and 86.24% on the Dice, IOU, and Precision indicators.
Fusion Neural Network for Gas Concentration Prediction in Mixed Gas Environments
Authors: Li Yiran , Li Fei , Wu Fan , Peng Xiaoyan
Published: November 2023

Due to the inherent complexity and nonlinearity of mixed gas data, existing pattern recognition algorithms utilized in electronic noses often encounter difficulties in accurately predicting gas concentrations. Addressing this issue, we propose a fusion neural network that merges Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN), which we denote as the LSTM-TCN fusion model. The LSTM module effectively captures long-term dependencies in time-series data, while the TCN targets local correlations, thereby enhancing the prediction accuracy for complex gas concentrations. Experimental validation was conducted using a mixed gas dataset comprising ethylene and carbon monoxide. When compared with traditional models, including LSTM, TCN, and GRU, the proposed LSTM-TCN model demonstrated superior performance, achieving an R2 value as high as 0.9922. This research holds considerable practical significance and shows promising application prospects, contributing novel insights and methods to the study and application of electronic nose technology.
Research and Optimization of Aircraft Remaining Oil Control System based on Fuzzy Algorithm
Authors: Liu Chaohui , Liu Taihui , Tan Gangtong , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2023

Aiming at the poor accuracy and stability of the existing aircraft remaining oil control system, an amount of oil remaining system for aircraft based on a fuzzy algorithm is proposed based on capacitance detection and mechanical detection, with the introduction of fuzzy algorithm optimized PID control technology. The system can form flight variables control system according to the error between the actual remaining oil and the ideal remaining oil and realize the stable control of the aircraft remaining oil. Furthermore, through targeted case analysis, the deviation of aircraft residual fuel before and after optimization is compared so as to further verify the reliability and feasibility of the designed aircraft residual fuel control system based on a fuzzy algorithm. In conclusion, the fuzzy algorithm is efficient in the optimization of the aircraft remaining oil control system.
COVID-19 Intelligent Detection System Based on Cloud-Edge Fusion Recognition Model
Authors: Xie Jiangjian , Li Datong , Zhou Libo , Ren Jixiong , Li Chao , Wang Ziting
Published: November 2023

Analyzing cough sounds can help with the quick detection of COVID-19. A cloud-edge deep learning fusion-based intelligent detection system for COVID-19 is proposed in this paper. In the cloud-side, a COVID-19 detection model based on ResNet18 is employed, with log-Mel-spectrum characteristics used as inputs. In the edge-side, a COVID-19 detection model based on TCNN is developed using raw audio inputs. To improve the detection accuracy, result fusion is carried out in the cloud-side after getting the recognition results from both models. On the test dataset, the fusion model attained a sensitivity of 0.8012, an AUC of 0.8251, and a specificity of 0.7255. According to comparative testing results, the fusion model outperforms the other models in classification performance and is less prone to false-positive errors. It provides a novel way to COVID-19 recognition and performs well as an auxiliary detection method.
Outlier Detection Based on Autoencoder Ensembles with Denoising layer and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Ma Wenhao , Yu Jiong , Du Xusheng
Published: November 2023

In the field of outlier detection, two common challenges have persisted. Firstly, outlier detection datasets are often small in size, which can lead to overfitting issues when using deep learning models such as autoencoders. Secondly, as the dimensionality of datasets increases, many dimensions may be irrelevant or noisy, which can adversely affect the model’s ability to learn meaningful features. This phenomenon is known as “the curse of dimensionality.” To address these challenges, this study proposes a solution using an ensemble of autoencoders with denoising layers to mitigate overfitting. Additionally, a novel attention mechanism is introduced to predict the importance of each feature, thereby addressing the curse of the dimensionality problem. The proposed approach is evaluated on five datasets, including BreastW and Vowels, and compared with existing methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods on four out of the five datasets, showcasing its effectiveness.
End-to-end Remote Sensing Image Aircraft Target Detection and Fine-grained Recognition Framework
Authors: Mao Jiaxing , Wang Yifan , Guo Zihao , Zhang Xinyu , Yang Yu
Published: November 2023

In view of the practical application of target detection and recognition tasks for remote sensing, an end-to-end aircraft target detection and fine-grained recognition framework is proposed. It can accurately and quickly implement detection and recognition in an end-to-end way. The main network of the framework adopts the design ideas of target detection and fine-grained recognition methods using candidate region extract and visual attention, making sure the accuracy of detection and recognition. Then, to solve the problem of high false detection rate and missed detection rate of densely arranged targets, we propose the re-detection mechanism. To minimize the large amounts of calculations of deep networks and improve real-time performance, we introduce depthwise separable convolution to optimize networks. Finally, a weight mapping idea based on transfer learning is adopted to solve the problem of data labeling and also helps the detection and fine-grained recognition. The results prove that the proposed framework has good robustness, versatility, and efficiency in aircraft detection and fine-grained recognition tasks.
Compressed Sensing Channel Estimation Algorithm Combined with Wavelet Denoising
Authors: Kong Chuiyuan , Wang Hao , Chang Junming
Published: November 2023

In wireless multipath channels, there is sparsity, in which traditional channel estimation algorithms do not take advantage of and ignore the impact of noise. An effective estimation algorithm combining compressed sensing and wavelet de-noising is proposed. Before channel estimation, the pilot signal received by the receiver is de-noised by the wavelet de-noising method to obtain the de-noised measurement vector, and then the original signal is recovered by the compressed sensing technology for sparse channel estimation. This algorithm breaks away from the limitation of traditional algorithms that require predictive sparsity to achieve sparsity adaptive signal reconstruction. Through simulation analysis, it has been proven that the fusion wavelet denoising algorithm can improve the estimation performance, reduce estimation errors, and be more suitable for sparse channel estimation by denoising the signal during channel estimation.