bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol combinators for modeling, testing, and execution of distributed systems
Authors: ANDERSEN KRISTOFFER JUST ARNDAL , SERGEY ILYA
Published: February 2021

Distributed systems are hard to get right, model, test, debug, and teach. Their textbook definitions, typically given in a form of replicated state machines, are concise, yet prone to introducing programming errors if naïvely translated into runnable implementations.

In this work, we present Distributed Protocol Combinators (DPC), a declarative programming framework that aims to bridge the gap between specifications and runnable implementations of distributed systems, and facilitate their modeling, testing, and execution. DPC builds on the ideas from the state-of-the art logics for compositional systems verification. The contribution of DPC is a novel family of program-level primitives, which facilitates construction of larger distributed systems from smaller components, streamlining the usage of the most common asynchronous message-passing communication patterns, and providing machinery for testing and user-friendly dynamic verification of systems. This paper describes the main ideas behind the design of the framework and presents its implementation in Haskell. We introduce DPC through a series of characteristic examples and showcase it on a number of distributed protocols from the literature.

This paper extends our preceeding conference publication (Andersen & Sergey, 2019a) with an exploration of randomized testing for protocols and their implementations, and an additional case study demonstrating bounded model checking of protocols.
JEWISH SOCIAL SCIENCE AND THE ANALYSIS OF JEWISH STATISTICS IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors: Vallois Nicolas
Published: February 2021

The late nineteenth century saw the multiplication of statistical studies on Jewish populations. This literature is now known as “Jewish Statistics” or “Jewish Social Science” (JSS). This article focuses on the articles published inZeitschrift für Demographie und Statistik der Juden (Journal for Demography and Statistics of the Jews, ZDSJ). TheZDSJwas the main journal in JSS and appeared from 1905 until 1931.

Existing scholarship on JSS has either focused on the influence of Zionism (Hart 2000) or eugenics and race theory (Efron 1994). This article proposes to relate JSS to the history of economics and statistics. As is suggested by the intellectual profile of the main contributors to theZDSJ, we argue that JSS was a by-product of the German historical school in economics. Though JSS was intended for a mostly Jewish audience, its organization and methods were clearly inspired by those of German economists.
School absenteeism is linked to household food insecurity in school catchment areas in Southern Nevada
Authors: Coughenour Courtney , Conway Kleven Brooke , Gakh Maxim , Stephen Haroon , Chien Lung-Chang , Labus Brian , Whaley Regis
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

Food security and school attendance are both important for health, well-being and academic performance of children and adolescents. However, their intersection remains underexamined, especially in the USA. The current study considered the association between elementary school-level absenteeism and household food insecurity.

Design:

The current study linked school-level absenteeism and household food insecurity rates using geographic information system mapping and applied the tobit regression model to examine their association.

Setting:

The Clark County, Nevada, public school district – the fifth largest in the USA and in a state with disproportionate food insecurity and chronic school absenteeism rates.

Participants:

Data consisted of school-level absenteeism rates from 185 elementary schools and census tract-level household food insecurity rates.

Results:

Average daily attendance rates were lower for schools with catchment areas that had higher average household food insecurity (FI), decreasing by −0·0232 % per 1 % increase in FI rate (P-value = 0·022). They were also significantly associated with most absenteeism risk factors. Average daily attendance rate was negatively associated with Free and Reduced Lunch eligibility percentage (−0·010 per 1 % increase in FI, P-value < 0·001) and Individualized Education Program participation percentage (−0·039 % per 1 % increase in FI, P-value = 0·033), but positively associated with parent–teacher conference participation rate (0·006 % per 1 % increase in FI, P-value = 0·025) and white student percentage (0·011 % per 1 % increase in FI, P-value = 0·022).

Conclusions:

The current study suggests a link between household food insecurity and elementary school-level absenteeism. Understanding this link is important for policy and practice because schools are frequent settings for food insecurity mitigation interventions.
Relationship between biomarkers and iron speciation and their environmental significance in plateau subsidence lacus: an example of Luguhu Lake, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: WANG Zixiang , SUN Lina
Published: February 2021

Herein, we present a synthetic study combining iron (Fe) speciation and biomarkers in sediment samples from Luguhu Lake to investigate their relationship and the environmental significance thereof. Mössbauer spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were used for these measurements. The results suggest that (a) there is a strong negative correlation between Fe2+/Fe3+ and the ratio of pristane to phytane (Pr/Ph), indicating that both Fe2+/Fe3+ and Pr/Ph effectively present the inorganic and organic aspects, respectively, of the oxidation–deoxidation environment in Luguhu Lake; (b) palaeotemperature may be a factor, in addition to the redox conditions, that affects the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio, and it might play a favourable role in studies of palaeotemperature; and (c) the relative abundance of Fe in Luguhu Lake is affected by the palaeoclimate and the environment in which the palaeosediment was deposited. The mechanism of change in the total area (the total absorption area of Mössbauer spectrum) with the palaeoenvironment seems to be explained by the loss of Fe, which occurs as the water drains out of the lake, and the increase in Fe loss from the sediment as rainfall levels increase.
Two-tier witchweed (Striga hermonthica) resistance in wild pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) 29Aw
Authors: Dayou Olivier , Kibet Willy , Ojola Patroba , Gangashetty Prakash Irappa , Wicke Susann , Runo Steven
Published: February 2021

The parasitic plant purple witchweed [Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth.] poses a serious threat to cereal production in sub-Saharan Africa. Under natural infestation, the wild pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] line 29Aw demonstrates resistance against the parasite, but the mechanism of its resistance is unknown. Striga resistance can be due to: (1) low induction of Striga germination (pre-attachment resistance) or (2) inhibition of parasite attachment and development (post-attachment resistance). Germination bioassays and root chamber (rhizotron) resistance-screening assays were used to determine the extent of pre- and post-attachment Striga resistance in 29Aw compared with the Striga-susceptible ‘SOSAT-C88-P10’ variety. Regarding pre-attachment resistance, 29Aw stimulated 10-fold less Striga seed germination at a maximum germination distance of 7.96 ± 2.75 mm from the host root compared with 35.94 ± 2.88 mm in SOSAT-C88-P10. Post-attachment resistance revealed 10- to 19-fold fewer and 2.5-fold shorter Striga seedlings with 28-fold less biomass growing on 29Aw compared with SOSAT-C88-P10. Microscopic analysis showed that Striga penetration in 29Aw was blocked at the endodermal and cortical levels. Post-attachment resistance in 29Aw was further supported by fewer (22%) Striga–host vascular connections in 29Aw compared with 79% in SOSAT-C88-P10. Together, these findings demonstrate that 29Aw harbors both pre- and post-attachment resistance mechanisms against S. hermonthica.
How to Recognize a True Mode of Atmospheric Circulation Variability
Authors: Huth Radan , Beranová Romana
Published: February 2021

It has been demonstrated several times that when principal component analysis (PCA) is used for detection of modes of atmospheric circulation variability (teleconnections), principal components must be rotated. Despite it, unrotated PCA is still often used. Here we demonstrate on the examples of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), Barents Oscillation (BO), and the summer East Atlantic (SEA) pattern that unrotated PCA results in patterns that are artifacts of the analysis method rather than true modes of variability. This claim is based on the comparison of the spatial patterns of the modes with spatial autocorrelations, on the sensitivity of the patterns to spatial and temporal subsampling, and, for the SEA pattern, on correlations with tropical sea surface temperature. Unlike NAO, which is defined by rotated PCA, the other modes, that is, AO, BO, and SEA pattern, defined by unrotated PCA, do not correspond well to underlying autocorrelation structures and are more sensitive to choices of spatial domain and time interval over which they are defined. We reiterate that a great care must be taken when interpreting outputs of PCA when applied to the detection of modes of circulation variability: a comparison with spatial autocorrelations and check for their spatial and temporal stability are necessary to distinguish true modes from statistical artifacts, which we call “ghost patterns.”
Do Olivine Crystallization Temperatures Faithfully Record Mantle Temperature Variability?
Authors: Matthews Simon , Wong Kevin , Shorttle Oliver , Edmonds Marie , Maclennan John
Published: February 2021

Crystallization temperatures of primitive olivine crystals have been widely used as both a proxy for, or an intermediate step in calculating, mantle temperatures. The olivine‐spinel aluminum‐exchange thermometer has been applied to samples from mid‐ocean ridges and large igneous provinces, yielding considerable variability in olivine crystallization temperatures. We supplement the existing data with new crystallization temperature estimates for Hawaii, between 1282 ± 21 and 1375 ± 19°C. Magmatic temperatures may be linked to mantle temperatures if the thermal changes during melting can be quantified. The magnitude of this temperature change depends on melt fraction, itself controlled by mantle temperature, mantle composition and lithosphere thickness. Both mantle composition and lithosphere thickness vary spatially and temporally, with systematic differences between mid‐ocean ridges, ocean islands and large igneous provinces. For crystallization temperatures to provide robust evidence of mantle temperature variability, the controls of lithosphere thickness and mantle lithology on crystallization temperature must be isolated. We develop a multi‐lithology melting model for predicting crystallization temperatures of magmas in both intra‐plate volcanic provinces and mid‐ocean ridges. We find that the high crystallization temperatures seen at mantle plume localities do require high mantle temperatures. In the absence of further constraints on mantle lithology or melt productivity, we cannot robustly infer variable plume temperatures between ocean‐islands and large igneous provinces from crystallization temperatures alone; for example, the extremely high crystallization temperatures obtained for the Tortugal Phanerozoic komatiite could derive from mantle of comparable temperature to modern‐day Hawaii. This work demonstrates the limit of petrological thermometers when other geodynamic parameters are poorly known.
Reconstructing Seasonal and Baseline Nitrogen Isotope Ratios in Riverine Particulate Matter Using Freshwater Mussel Shells
Authors: Kukolich Stephanie , Dettman David
Published: February 2021

We present a timeline of the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen stable isotope compositions of 10 unionid mussel shells across three species–Threeridge (Amblema plicata), Ebonyshell (Reginaia ebenus), and Pimpleback (Cyclonaias pustulosa)—collected live in 2011 from the Tennessee River near Paducah, Kentucky, USA. Inorganic aragonite δ18O profiles were compared to a predicted shell δ18O time series that was based on water temperature and isotopic composition. Shell growth was assumed to stop below ∼12°C. Profiles of inorganic δ18O and δ13C were then used to establish relationships between shell growth and calendar dates. Because shell growth is faster during warmer months and therefore easy to sample, assignment of calendar years to individual growth increments was validated using the interannual changes in the predicted minimum δ18O value of summer shell. Mussel shell periostracum and carbonate‐bound organic matter (CBOM) samples were then assigned calendar dates based on their location along shell growth axes and compared to measurements of δ13C and δ15N of suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM)–the mussels' food source–during shell growth (1997–2006). Mussel shell periostracum and CBOM faithfully recorded seasonal variability in δ15N and δ13C values of SPOM, after accounting for the time difference between SPOM consumption and deposition of shell organics due to the gradual turnover of mantle tissue. This demonstrates that unionid shell geochemistry could be used to document changes in riverine environment, runoff, and nutrient cycles across a spectrum of time scales, from historical to archeological to Quaternary.
Relationship Between Sprite Current and Morphology
Authors: Contreras‐Vidal L. , Sonnenfeld R. G. , da Silva C. L. , McHarg M. G. , Jensen D. , Harley J. , Taylor L. , Haaland R. , Stenbaek‐Nielsen H.
Published: February 2021

On June 2 and 3, 2019, 63 sprites were captured from Langmuir Laboratory in central New Mexico. The two storms investigated were located in northwest Texas, 400–800 km away from the observation site. Optical recordings were made with a Phantom V2010 camera operating at up to 100,000 frames per second. Electromagnetic remote sensing of lightning and sprite electric fields was performed with a sensitive slow antenna (LEFA). Data from the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) were used to locate the sprite parent flashes. The combined information of these three data sets reveals that a staggering fraction of more than half of the sprites observed have a distinguishable electromagnetic signature attributed to currents flowing within the sprite body. Furthermore, these sprite current signatures were unusually large in comparison to previous reports. The sprite electric field changes have roughly half the amplitude of their parent lightning flash's, corresponding to sprite peak currents of 26–58 kA on average. The largest sprites have current moments of up to 2,700 kA km, as inferred from a computationally efficient method to solve Maxwell's equations. Detailed comparison between the sprites' electromagnetic signatures and high‐speed optical recordings show that optically large sprites containing upward streamers (carrots and jellyfish) tend to have larger electrical currents than the ones displaying only downward streamer development (column sprites). Finally, a clear increasing trend in peak current moment is evident with increasing morphological complexity, from columns to carrots to jellyfish sprites.
Changes in the Intermediate Water Masses of the Mediterranean Sea During the Last Climatic Cycle—New Constraints From Neodymium Isotopes in Foraminifera
Authors: Colin Christophe , Duhamel Maxence , Siani Giuseppe , Dubois‐Dauphin Quentin , Ducassou Emmanuelle , Liu Zhifei , Wu Jiawang , Revel Marie , Dapoigny Arnaud , Douville Eric , Taviani Marco , Montagna Paolo
Published: February 2021

Variations in Mediterranean thermohaline circulation of the Quaternary are still not well constrained whereas they have been considered to have an influence on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and on the oxygenation of waters in the deep basins of the Mediterranean Sea. εNd analyses have been carried out on planktonic foraminifera of cores collected in the central Mediterranean Sea to constrain water mass exchange between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean Sea (EMS and WMS) during the last climatic cycle. εNd records from the WMS and EMS display similar higher values during warm substages of interglacial Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 1 and 5. This suggests an efficient connection between the two Mediterranean sub‐basins and the transfer of radiogenic waters to the Tyrrhenian Sea via the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW). Conversely, during glacial MIS, εNd of the intermediate depth of the Tyrrhenian Sea are less radiogenic than the EMS, implying limited hydrological connection between sub‐basins during low sea‐level stands. Superimposed on these glacial‐interglacial variations, increased εNd occurred during Heinrich Stadial events. This suggests a reduction in the formation of unradiogenic WIW in the Gulf of Lions due to the input of relatively fresh surface Atlantic water to the WMS and/or the inflow of radiogenic glacial LIW and upper EMDW to the Tyrrhenian Sea as a result of an active EMS convection related to saltier and colder conditions. Such potential millennial‐scale pulses of LIW intrusion into the Tyrrhenian Sea may have led to an enhanced Mediterranean Outflow Water intensity in the Gibraltar Strait.
Using Deep Learning for Automatic Water Stage Measurements
Authors: Eltner Anette , Bressan Patrik Olã , Akiyama Thales , Gonçalves Wesley Nunes , Marcato Junior José
Published: February 2021

Image‐based gauging stations can allow for significant densification of monitoring networks of river water stages. However, thus far, most camera gauges do not provide the robustness of accurate measurements due to the varying appearance of water in the stream throughout the year. We introduce an approach that allows for automatic and reliable water stage measurement combining deep learning and photogrammetric techniques. First, a convolutional neural network (CNN), a class of deep learning, is applied to the segmentation (i.e., pixel classification) of water in images. The CNNs SegNet and fully convolutional network (FCN) are associated with a transfer learning strategy to segment water on images acquired by a Raspberry Pi camera. Errors of water segmentation with the two CNNs are lower than 3%. Second, the image information is transformed into metric water stage values by intersecting the extracted water contour, generated using the segmentation results, with a 3D model reconstructed with structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry. The highest correlations between a reference gauge and the image‐based approaches reached 0.93, and average deviations were lower than 4 cm. Our approach allows for the densification of river monitoring networks based on camera gauges, providing accurate water stage measurements.
Solid-phase colorimetric sensor for hypochlorite
Authors: Wonjung Lee , Youn Hyunho , Bae Jinyoung , Kim Dong-Hwan
Published: February 2021

By taking advantage of the powerful oxidation property of hypochlorite (OCl−), we developed a solid-phase colorimetric sensor for the detection of OCl− based on 13 nm AuNPs immobilized on a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane APTES-coated substrate.
MSIS-МP-АЕS determination of As and Sb in complex matrices by magnetic nanoparticles-assisted hydride generation
Authors: Kmetov Veselin , Kiryakova Mina , Varbanova Evelina , Simitchiev Kiril , Canals Antonio
Published: February 2021

The advantages of the microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES) for hydride generation (HG) by means of modified Multi Mode Sample Introduction System (MSIS®) have been revealed for analysis of As and Sb in complex real samples.
Chemometric and green metric strategies for sustainable analytical methods: phenolic compounds in lettuce-NADES extracts
Authors: Canales Romina , Espino Magdalena , Pasini Sergio , Silva María Fernanda
Published: February 2021

Phenolic compounds in NADES bioextracts can be sustainably and accurately determined combining chemometrics and green metrics.
Simple generation of various α-monofluoroalkyl radicals by organic photoredox catalysis: modular synthesis of β-monofluoroketones
Authors: Taniguchi Ryo , Noto Naoki , Tanaka Seiya , Takahashi Keigo , Sarkar Sujan K. , Oyama Ryoko , Abe Manabu , Koike Takashi , Akita Munetaka
Published: February 2021

A novel and simple strategy for radical α-monofluoroalkylation by organic photoredox catalysis has been developed.
New up-conversion luminescence in molecular cyano-substituted naphthylsalophen lanthanide(iii) complexes
Authors: Monteiro Jorge H. S. K. , Hiti Ethan A. , Hardy Emily E. , Wilkinson Grant R. , Gorden John D. , Gorden Anne E. V. , de Bettencourt-Dias Ana
Published: February 2021

ErIII-Centered upconversion emission in LnIIIcomplexes with a cyano-naphthylsalophen ligand.
Reduction of transient histidine radicals by tryptophan: influence of the amino group charge
Authors: Morozova Olga B. , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V.
Published: February 2021

The decay of histidine radicals in the reduction by tryptophan was analysed using TR CIDNP. The reduction rate constants for the reactants in different protonation states of their amino group were obtained showing PCET as a reaction mechanism.
Concurrent enhancement of structure stability and adsorption capacity of freeze-dried graphene oxide aerogels via the removal of oxidation debris nanoparticles on nanosheets
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Chen Baoliang
Published: February 2021

The stability and adsorption capacity of three-dimensional aerogels (GAs) of graphene oxide (GO) are two important factors that determine its environmental applications.
Carbon nanotubes influence the toxic effects of chloramphenicol and tetracycline on cyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. in different ways
Authors: You Mingtao , You Xiuqi , Hu Jingrun , Yang Xi , Sun Weiling
Published: February 2021

CNTs mitigated the inhibition of CAP on protein biosynthesis, while CAP enhanced the upregulation of proteins induced by CNTs. TC can potentiate the CNT-induced downregulation of proteins related to ribosome.
Cardioprotective action of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in ovariectomized rats fed a high fat diet
Authors: Mishima Marcella Duarte Villas , Ladeira Luiz Carlos Maia , da Silva Bárbara Pereira , Toledo Renata Celi Lopes , de Oliveira Thomás Valente , Costa Neuza Maria Brunoro , Martino Hércia Stampini Duarte
Published: February 2021

The combination of ovariectomy with high fat diet consumption, in this study, affected biometric parameters, oxidative stress, mineral content and ATPase pump activity, while chia consumption had positive effects on these factors.
Intracellular label-free detection of mesenchymal stem cell metabolism within a perivascular niche-on-a-chip
Authors: Perottoni Simone , Neto Nuno G. B. , Di Nitto Cesare , Dmitriev Ruslan I. , Raimondi Manuela Teresa , Monaghan Michael G.
Published: February 2021

The stem cell niche at the perivascular space plays a role in dictating the fate of stem cells within it. This study predicts in silico and models the perivascular space, in a miniaturised bioreactor, with non-invasive assessment of cell metabolism.
Conformable on-skin devices for thermo-electro-tactile stimulation: materials, design, and fabrication
Authors: Mazzotta Arianna , Carlotti Marco , Mattoli Virgilio
Published: February 2021

Conformable electronic devices, able to adhere to non-planar surfaces such as the human skin, can be regarded as an innovative platform for the delivery of several stimuli to the body without the drawbacks associated with bulky electronics.
Magnetic metal–organic framework composites: structurally advanced catalytic materials for organic transformations
Authors: Yadav Sneha , Dixit Ranjana , Sharma Shivani , Dutta Sriparna , Solanki Kanika , Sharma Rakesh K.
Published: February 2021

The review aims to present the recent developments in the synthesis and applications of magnetic MOF composite-based catalytic materials for expediting a broad array of industrially significant organic transformations.
Using NMR to identify binding regions for N and C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors using Hsp90 domains
Authors: McConnell Jeanette R. , Dyson H. Jane , McAlpine Shelli R.
Published: February 2021

Allosteric inhibitors of Hsp90 have potential as anti-cancer agents without the side-effects that arise from targeting ATP-binding site in the N-terminal domain. This study gives NMR information on binding of allosteric inhibitor compounds to Hsp90.
Self-assembled heterometallic complexes showing enhanced two-photon absorption and their distribution in living cells
Authors: Jiang Qin , Yang Xinda , Xiang Pan , Dudek Marta , Matczyszyn Katarzyna , Samoc Marek , Tian Xiaohe , Zhang Qiong , Luo Yuhui , Wang Daqi , Shi Pengfei
Published: February 2021

Heterometallic complexes were prepared via self-assembly, showing enhanced TPA ability and preferable localization into lysosomes.
Structural insights into fusion mechanisms of small extracellular vesicles with model plasma membranes
Authors: Perissinotto Fabio , Rondelli Valeria , Senigagliesi Beatrice , Brocca Paola , Almásy László , Bottyán László , Merkel Dániel Géza , Amenitsch Heinz , Sartori Barbara , Pachler Karin , Mayr Magdalena , Gimona Mario , Rohde Eva , Casalis Loredana , Parisse Pietro
Published: February 2021

Extracellular vesicles exert their function through specific interaction with cell membrane. Through atomic force microscopy, neutron scattering and reflectometry we highlight a process deviating from simple fusion, driven by phase boundaries.
Bifunctional single-atomic Mn sites for energy-efficient hydrogen production
Authors: Peng Xianyun , Hou Junrong , Mi Yuying , Sun Jiaqiang , Qi Gaocan , Qin Yongji , Zhang Shusheng , Qiu Yuan , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun
Published: February 2021

Bifunctional single atomic Mn sites anchored on a B and N co-doped carbon nanotube array support (Mn-SA/BNC) were utilized as both cathodic and anodic materials in overall hydrazine splitting for high-efficiency energy-saving H2 production.
Copolymerization of lactide, epoxides and carbon dioxide: a highly efficient heterogeneous ternary catalyst system
Authors: Li Xiang , Duan Ran-long , Hu Chen-yang , Pang Xuan , Deng Ming-xiao
Published: February 2021

The controlled copolymerization of mixed monomers that usually imparts distinct advantages into single polymer chains and requires a single versatile catalyst remains a key challenge in polymer chemistry.
Electronic structure and mechanism for the uptake of nitric oxide by the Ru(iii) antitumor complex NAMI-A
Authors: Pereira Eufrásia S. , Rodrigues Gabriel L. S. , Rocha Willian R.
Published: February 2021

Uptake of NO by a ruthenium metallodrug is kinetically and thermodynamically feasible, taking place with spin surface crossing.
On the crystal chemistry of inorganic nitrides: crystal-chemical parameters, bonding behavior, and opportunities in the exploration of their compositional space
Authors: Gagné Olivier C.
Published: February 2021

Navigating high-return chemical spaces in inorganic nitrides via identification of coordination units bearing functional properties.
Lithium silicate nanosheets with excellent capture capacity and kinetics with unprecedented stability for high-temperature CO2 capture
Authors: Belgamwar Rajesh , Maity Ayan , Das Tisita , Chakraborty Sudip , Vinod Chathakudath P. , Polshettiwar Vivek
Published: February 2021

Capturing CO2 before its release. Lithium silicate nanosheets showed high CO2 capture capacity (35.3 wt%) with ultra-fast kinetics (0.22 g g−1 min−1) and enhanced stability at 650 °C for at least 200 cycles, due to mixed-phase-model of CO2 capture.
Chicken feather fiber-based bio-piezoelectric energy harvester: an efficient green energy source for flexible electronics
Authors: Kar Epsita , Barman Moumita , Das Soumen , Das Ankita , Datta Pallab , Mukherjee Sampad , Tavakoli Mahmoud , Mukherjee Nillohit , Bose Navonil
Published: February 2021

We report the prototype fabrication of a flexible, biocompatible bio-piezoelectric energy harvester using keratin-enriched chicken feathers.
BODIPY functional metal–organic-frameworks for efficient visible-light-driven water oxidation without additional photosensitizers
Authors: Li Hao , Zhou Min , Chen Qiu-Yun , Liu Xin-Yue , Kan Xiao-Long , Sun Miao , Qu Ling-Ling
Published: February 2021

BODIPY functional Fe-based MOFs exhibit excellent photocatalytic water oxidation activity without additional photosensitizers.
Recent progress in meniscus coating for large-area perovskite solar cells and solar modules
Authors: Wu Ziyi , Li Weihang , Ye Yiran , Li Xin , Lin Hong
Published: February 2021

We believe that meniscus coating will be the most promising and applicable approach for fabricating large-area PSCs and pave the way to commercialization of PSCs in the future.
Perylene diimide based non-fullerene acceptors: top performers and an emerging class featuring N-annulation
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Koenig Josh D. B. , Welch Gregory C.
Published: February 2021

This perspective showcases new materials designs for perylene diimide based non-fullerene acceptors towards high performance photovoltaic devices.
The unconventional role of surface ligands in dictating the light harvesting properties of quantum dots
Authors: Chakraborty Indra Narayan , Roy Pradyut , Rao Anish , Devatha Gayathri , Roy Soumendu , Pillai Pramod P.
Published: February 2021

Judicious control over interparticle interactions based on surface ligands can bridge the gap between the fundamental and applied properties of quantum dots, as reviewed here.
Drug resistance-free cytotoxic nanodrugs in composites for cancer therapy
Authors: Jana Batakrishna , Kim Dongkap , Choi Huyeon , Kim Minsoo , Kim Kibeom , Kim Sangpil , Jin Seongeon , Park Myoung-Hwan , Lee Kwan Hyi , Yoon Cheolho , Lee Byoung-Seok , Kang Min-Sung , Lim Hyun-Ji , Park Eun-Jung , Jeong Youngdo , Ryu Ja-Hyoung , Kim Chaekyu
Published: February 2021

A nanodrug as a macromolecular therapeutic agent was developed for addressing drug resistance in cancer therapy. The multivalent interactions between the nanodrugs and cytosolic components reflected their cytotoxicity.
Quenching of persistent photocurrent in an oxide UV photodetector
Authors: Qiao Baoshi , Zhang Zhenzhong , Xie Xiuhua , Li Binghui , Chen Xing , Zhao Haifeng , Liu Kewei , Liu Lei , Shen Dezhen
Published: February 2021

The high gain combined with persistent photocurrent in this device could be quenched by a 0 V bias voltage pulse.
Theoretical and experimental verification of imaging resolution factors in scanning electrochemical microscopy
Authors: Xiong Qiang , Wu Tao , Song Ranran , Zhang Fan , He Pingang
Published: February 2021

The mathematical expression for the real-time current of the SECM tip and the imaging resolution has been derived, which revealed the effects of tip electrode size and tip–substrate distance on imaging resolution.
The edge-epitaxial growth of yellow g-C3N4 on red g-C3N4 nanosheets with superior photocatalytic activities
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Yang Ping , Jiang San Ping
Published: February 2021

Type II heterostructures consisting of red/yellow g-C3N4 nanosheets prepared via edge-epitaxial growth revealed superior photocatalytic activities for enhanced H2 generation and CO2 reduction.
Reversible polymorphic structural transition of crown-like nickel nanoclusters and its effect on conductivity
Authors: Maman Manju P. , Nath Akashdeep , Anjusree S  , Das Bikas C. , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: February 2021

Reversible polymorphic structural transformation in nickel-thiol nanoclusters and its effect on conductivity.
Vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of OCS + hv → CO(1Σ+) + S(1S0) via the E and F Rydberg states
Authors: Ling Caining , Liao Hong , Yuan Daofu , Chen Wentao , Tan Yuxin , Li Wantao , Yu Shengrui , Yang Xueming , Wang Xingan
Published: February 2021

We report the wavelength-dependent photodissociation dynamical characteristics of the CO(X1Σ+) + S(1S0) channel via the Rydberg-type transition.
Direct bottom-up synthesis of size-controlled monodispersed single-layer magnesium hydroxide nanosheets modified with tripodal ligands
Authors: Muramatsu Keisuke , Kamiusuki Yuya , Kuroda Yoshiyuki , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki
Published: February 2021

In situ modification of magnesium hydroxide with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane enables direct synthesis of monodispersed single-layer hybrid magnesium hydroxide nanosheets with controllable lateral sizes in a sub-micrometer range.
A well-defined lignin-based filler for tuning the mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate
Authors: Cao Qingwen , Wu Qiong , Dai Lin , Shen Xiaojun , Si Chuanling
Published: February 2021

Well-defined lignin fillers were synthesized by using a universal approach, that the combination of chemical modification with lignin fractionation. This study paves the way towards lignin high-value utilization on a broader scale.
Efficient and stable photocatalytic H2 evolution by self-assembly of zirconium(iv) coordination with perylene diimide supramolecules under visible light irradiation
Authors: Ding Haoran , Wang Zhiqiang , Kong Kangyi , Feng Shufan , Xu Lifeng , Ye Haonan , Wu Wenjun , Gong Xueqing , Hua Jianli
Published: February 2021

Self-assembly of ZrIV coordination with PDI supramolecules can facilitate separation and transfer of charge carriers. The photocatalyst P-PMPDI-Zr (1 : 0.25) achieved a superior HER activity of 50.46 mmol g−1 h−1 with an AQY of 11.7% at 630 nm.
Binding and separation of CO2, SO2 and C2H2 in homo- and hetero-metallic metal–organic framework materials
Authors: Briggs Lydia , Newby Ruth , Han Xue , Morris Christopher G. , Savage Mathew , Krap Cristina Perez , Easun Timothy L. , Frogley Mark D. , Cinque Gianfelice , Murray Claire A. , Tang Chiu C. , Sun Junliang , Yang Sihai , Schröder Martin
Published: February 2021

MFM-300(Cr) and the mixed-metal MFM-300(Al0.67Cr0.33) have been synthesised and characterised; their adsorption isotherms and host–guest interactions with CO2, SO2 and C2H2 are investigated systematically.
Novel IV–V–VI semiconductors with ultralow lattice thermal conductivity
Authors: Gan Yu , Huang Yongda , Miao Naihua , Zhou Jian , Sun Zhimei
Published: February 2021

A group of 56 novel stable IV-V-VI (IV=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; V=As, Sb, Bi; VI=S, Se, Te) semiconductors has been predicted with ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of between 0.28 and 2.02 W m-1 K-1, most of which fall below 1 W m-1 K-1.
Structural and optical properties of molybdenum oxide thin films prepared by the dip coating technique
Authors: Ahmad Danial , Amer Khan M. , Mahmood Arslan , Sohail Amjad , Ali Gillani S.S.
Published: February 2021

Due to their excellent structural and optical properties of molybdenum oxide thin films are used in various applications such as gas-sensing, solar cells, optoelectronic and medical physics. The present study is related to the synthesis of molybdenum oxide thin films prepared by dip coating technique and the films were characterized by using various techniques such as XRD, SEM and UV-visible spectroscopy. The monoclinic crystal structure and the crystallite size (29.16–52.77 nm) was investigated by X rays diffraction (XRD) analysis. SEM micrograph was used to identify the nano tubes in MoO3thin film and UV-visible spectroscopy exhibits the maximum absorption in ultra-violet region and band gap decrease (3.17–2.71 eV) with increased the inner transition states in molybdenum thin film. Finally, the results show that the series of molybdenum oxides MoO1 (Sample 1), MoO2 (Sample 2) and MoO3 (sample 3) exhibited interesting structural and optical properties which make them good candidates for photo catalytic activity.
Fabrication and repair of GaN nanorods by plasma etching with self-assembled nickel nanomasks
Authors: Zhang Shiying , Zhang Lei , Zhong Yueyao , Wang Guodong , Xu Qingjun
Published: February 2021

High crystal quality GaN nanorod arrays were fabricated by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching using self-organized nickel (Ni) nano-islands mask on GaN film and subsequent repaired process including annealing in ammonia and KOH etching. The Ni nano-islands have been formed by rapid thermal annealing, whose density, shape, and dimensions were regulated by annealing temperature and Ni layer thickness. The structural and optical properties of the nanorods obtained from GaN epitaxial layers were comparatively studied by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). The results indicate that damage induced by plasma can be successfully healed by annealing in NH3 at 900 °C. The average diameter of the as-etched nanorod was effectively reduced and the plasma etch damage was removed after a wet treatment process in a KOH solution. It was found that the diameter of the GaN nanorod was continuously reduced and the PL intensity first increased, then reduced and finally increased as the KOH etching time sequentially increased.
Noise simulation and low noise design of skinned panel structure of scientific experiment rack
Authors: Yu Changshuai , Luo Zhong , Luo Haitao , Guo Siwei , Liu Guangming , Li Zhenxin
Published: February 2021

The noise of the scientific experiment rack radiates into the space station through the skinned structure, which directly affects the safety and health of astronauts in orbit for a long time, so it is necessary to carry out low-noise design. Firstly, the finite element model of the panel structure is established, and the correctness of the model is verified by modal test. Secondly, select a point as the vibration excitation point on the finite element model of the plate structure to simulate the vibration input of the excitation source, obtain its vibration response through the modal superposition method, take the vibration response as the boundary condition of the acoustic boundary element, use the modal acoustic transfer vector technology to calculate the radiation noise of the plate structure, and verify it through the noise test in the half anechoic chamber. Then, the acoustic pressure contribution analysis of the radiated noise from the skinned panel structure is carried out, and the panel area which can reduce the radiated noise of the target is determined. The constrained damping layer is applied in this area. The results show that the radiated noise at the target position is significantly reduced.
Numerical simulation of leakage flow field and acoustic characteristics for safety valve
Authors: Qian Fan , Hu Minghui
Published: February 2021

Aiming at the internal leakage problem of spring type nuclear safety valve at the sealing surface, the flow field and sound field characteristics at the leakage height of 0.5mm between the valve disc and the valve seat sealing surface were studied, and the numerical simulation was carried out based on large eddy simulation(LES) and mohring acoustic analogy method, and compare the effects of acoustic wall pressure fluctuation(AWPF) and turbulent wall pressure fluctuation(TWPF) as the excitation source on the external sound field of the valve. The simulation results show that: the change gradient of velocity field and pressure field at the leakage port of safety valve is significant and form vortices of different sizes. The small-scale vortices are mainly in the leakage port, while the large-scale vortices mainly exist in the flow channel; When the valve is leaking, the noise is mainly dominated by high-pressure injection noise, its spectrum curve shows wide-band characteristics, and the external noise of the valve is mainly caused by AW P F. The above research results can provide a theoretical basis for the safety valve online detection method.
Power flows in multi-junction power supply circuits
Authors: Badalyan N.P. , Andrianov D.P. , Mitrofanov A.A. , Chashchin E.A. , Balashova S.A. , Maslakova G.V.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses a methodology that allows for an accurate calculation of the parameters of electrical equipment from the point of view of optimizing the power supply system. Taking into account the characteristics of transients processes makes it possible to select equipment in maximum load modes. Modeling of power flows caused by changes in the load of consumers is carried out on the example of calculating the power supply circuit of five junctions. It is shown that it is possible to change the direction of flows of transmitted electric power at certain ratios of parameters in individual elements of the circuit. Purpose of research: to show the possibility of changing the picture of the transmitted capacities by the elements of the power supply system, depending on consumer loads.
Optimizing and accelerating history matching progress of numerical reservoir simulation by using material balance analysis
Authors: Yang Yaozhong , Yu Jinbiao , Wang Yong , Ma Chengjie
Published: February 2021

In view of the problem of huge computations and multiple solutions, a method for optimizing and accelerating the progress of history matching by using material balance analysis was established. Based on simple measuring data, such as average pressure, daily production rate and PVT test, a material balance model can be constructed for a three phase system of hydrocarbon reservoir. According to the material balance calculation, original oil in place and aquifer parameters can be obtained as optimized parameters for numerical simulation, which contributes to solve the multi-solutions problem of history matching. Besides, by conducting uncertainty analysis using Monte-Carlo simulation method, one can determine the adjustment range of input parameters, which helps the engineer definite a clear direction, reduce the number of computations and consequently accelerate the progress of history matching. The reliability of the proposed method was verified according to two examples.
Research on attitude control strategy of single engine failure in the first-stage flight phase of new generation launch vehicle
Authors: Liao Guorui , Liu Jinjie , Dou Tianheng
Published: February 2021

The successful launching of the new generation of launch vehicle is of great practical significance to the development of China Space, and the cryogenic liquid engine commonly used in the launch vehicle has a certain probability of failures, which may affect the success or failure of rocket launching. In this paper, a Bolza problem optimization algorithm based on Radau pseudo-spectral method is proposed to solve the problem of single engine failure in the first-stage flight phase of the new generation launch vehicle by simulating fault injection and taking the attitude angle as optimal control quantity. The simulation results show that this method can effectively eliminate the influence of single engine failure on orbit injection accuracy, achieve the fault absorption of new generation launch vehicle engine, improve the fault tolerance of attitude control system, and further guarantee the system reliability.
Design and development characteristics research of modular space deployable solar wing
Authors: Yang Shuai , Wu Qiong , Chang Boyan
Published: February 2021

In order to solve the problems of the existing solar wing, such as complex process and obvious structural vibration. a new space deployable solar wing mechanism composed of single DOF modularization was designed. The structure and working principle of the space deployable solar wing are described, and the driving system is briefly introduced. The single module of the solar wing is divided into two parts and the kinematics equations of the kite-shaped mechanism and origami mechanism are established respectively. Secondly, the output motion rule of the bar at the end was solved when the special driving is applied to the kite-shaped mechanism. And based on this output, changed the angle of the origami mechanism’ plates and the change curve of the centre of mass and the angle between the plates is obtained. The study results show that, synthesize considering the shrinkage and the ratio of folding to span, the optimal solution is the angle of plates φ=4°. Through the above research that provide the theoretical basis for the optimization and improvement of the mechanism.
Research on reverse engineering reconstruction of parts CAD model for additive manufacturing
Authors: Zhou Huiqun , Zhao Guoxiang
Published: February 2021

Taking additive manufacturing as the goal, taking the gear parts commonly used in mechanical engineering as an example, the bitmap of gear parts is processed and the pixel coordinate information of cross-section contour is extracted based on MATLAB software. The extracted pixel coordinates are saved in the external text file, and then combined with UG software platform, visual is used Studio 2012 carries on the deep secondary development, through programming to realize the reading, creating and curve fitting of data points in UG software, and finally realizes the reconstruction of 3D CAD model of parts.
Modeling and verification of train departure scenario for next generation train control system
Authors: Yang Lina , Liu Zhongtian
Published: February 2021

As a complex and safety-critical system, any failure in the Next Generation Train Control System (NGTC) departure scenario may cause serious personal injuries and property losses. It is very necessary to study NGTC scenario scheme and effective modeling and verification methods. This paper investigates the key technologies of the NGTC, optimizes the system structure and redistribution functions, and proposes the train control system scheme and typical operating scenarios. Firstly, the structure, equipment function and information interaction of NGTC are analyzed, and the operation scenarios of the system scheme are designed. This paper also uses UML language to describe the train departure scenario, and uses NuSMV modeling to verify accessibility and certainty of the scenario scheme. The results show that, the scheme proposed in this paper provides a reference for the design and implementation of the NGTC.
Optimization of one-dimensional wire cutting with variable length based on genetic ant colony algorithm
Authors: Xia Xin , Wan Defu
Published: February 2021

This paper presents an algorithm of one-dimensional wire cutting based on genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm. Firstly, the dominant solution is screened out by genetic algorithm and transformed into the initial accumulation of pheromone in ant colony algorithm, and then the ant colony algorithm is used to adjust the dominant solution of genetic algorithm to obtain the approximate optimal solution. The experimental results show that the convergence rate of the fusion algorithm is faster than that of the ant colony algorithm, and the utilization rate of raw materials is higher than that of genetic algorithm. In addition, the optimal parameters are obtained by adjusting the experimental parameters of the fusion algorithm.
Fall prevention system based on airbag protection and mechanical exoskeleton support
Authors: Wang Shuaibo , Sun Jiaxing , Liu Shuwen
Published: February 2021

The aging of population is a worldwide social problem that all countries will face in the 21st century. The health and quality of life of the elderly will have a significant impact on the country and society. In fact, falls are the leading cause of accidental injury or death in the elderly. Fortunately, using inflatable airbags as a buffer to reduce the injuries caused by falls is currently the most effective means of fall protection. This paper designs an indoor protection device for elderly patients in the rehabilitation stage. It not only includes an accurate and effective fall detection system, but also can use airbags and mechanical exoskeleton to perform head, waist and hip joints on patients who are about to fall. Through experiments, the designed airbag can be ejected within a specified time, and the designed algorithm can accurately distinguish the fall of the human body from the daily behaviour of human body.