bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ibrahim and Others v. UK: Watering down the Salduz principles?
Authors: Celiksoy Ergul
Published: June 2018

The European Court of Human Rights (the ECtHR or ‘the Court’) has gradually developed considerable jurisprudence affirming the right to access a lawyer prior to or during police interrogation, with Salduz v. Turkey marking a turning point in setting out a strong position on this right (i.e. the Salduz principles). However, in Ibrahim and Others v. United Kingdom (Ibrahim), the ECtHR expressed that there was a need for further clarifications of the Salduz principles, indicating that there is a two-stage assessment regarding whether any restriction on early access is compatible with the fair trial rights ensured in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (the ECHR or ‘the Convention’). This article discusses whether the decision in Ibrahim represents a retreat from the Salduz principles (and a less robust position on the ECHR) by the ECtHR.
DSA's Religion and Socialism Commission: A Social Movement Analysis
Authors: Bosco Robert M
Published: June 2018

This article examines religious socialism as an American social movement. It focuses on the most recent iteration of this tradition, the Religion and Socialism Commission, formed in the 1970s as a subgroup of the Democratic Socialists of America. Drawing on concepts from social movement theory such as frame alignment and political opportunity structure, it argues that the Religion and Socialism Commission ultimately failed in its attempt to transition from an organization into a social movement. It then considers various possibilities for the future of religious socialism in the United States, given new variables such as a changing political opportunity structure and the rise of social media.
A Comparison of Pancreatic Islet Purification using Iodixanol with University of Wisconsin Solution and with Na-Lactobionate and Histidine Solution
Authors: Nakashima Yoshiki , Miyagi-Shiohira Chika , Ebi Nana , Hamada Eri , Tamaki Yoshihito , Kuwae Kazuho , Kobayashi Naoya , Saitoh Issei , Watanabe Masami , Kinjo Takao , Noguchi Hirofumi
Published: June 2018

Purification of pancreatic islets is an important step in islet isolation for islet transplantation. In this study, to investigate how a solution composed mainly of Na-lactobionate and histidine (HL) influences the purification of islets, iodixanol was added to a purified solution for porcine islet isolation. A solution (IU) made by adding iodixanol to University of Wisconsin solution and a solution (IHL) made by adding iodixanol to HL solution were used to evaluate the islet isolation performance. We noted no significant differences between the two purification methods with regard to the islet yield, survival rate or purity, score, or stimulation index. These results show that IHL solution is as useful as IU solution for islet purification.
Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies
Authors: Ratts Manivong J. , Greenleaf Arie T.
Published: June 2018

The need for a multicultural and social justice leadership approach is critical considering today’s political climate that threatens the academic, career, and personal potential of students who are marginalized in school settings. We offer a leadership framework using the main constructs of the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies. This leadership framework provides school counselors with a model to address issues of oppression impacting students.
School Counselors as Social Justice Leaders
Authors: Betters-Bubon Jennifer J. , Schultz Jennifer W.
Published: June 2018

Teaching and Reaching Every Area (TAREA) is a comprehensive school–family–community partnership designed to increase Latino student achievement. The authors use action research to describe how a school counselor developed TAREA and post hoc analysis to provide examples of social justice and systemic collaboration leadership dimensions. The authors detail parent, staff, and student engagement outcomes. Throughout, they transform the abstract concept of leadership into concrete steps for school counselor advocacy and action.
Influence of Maximal Running Shoes on Biomechanics Before and After a 5K Run
Authors: Pollard Christine D. , Ter Har Justin A. , Hannigan J.J. , Norcross Marc F.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Lower extremity injuries are common among runners. Recent trends in footwear have included minimal and maximal running shoe types. Maximal running shoes are unique because they provide the runner with a highly cushioned midsole in both the rearfoot and forefoot. However, little is known about how maximal shoes influence running biomechanics.

Purpose:

To examine the influence of maximal running shoes on biomechanics before and after a 5-km (5K) run as compared with neutral running shoes.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Fifteen female runners participated in 2 testing sessions (neutral shoe session and maximal shoe session), with 7 to 10 days between sessions. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected while participants ran along a 10-m runway. After 5 running trials, participants completed a 5K treadmill run, followed by 5 additional running trials. Variables of interest included impact peak of the vertical ground-reaction force, loading rate, and peak eversion. Differences were determined by use of a series of 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance models (shoe × time).

Results:

A significant main effect was found for shoe type for impact peak and loading rate. When the maximal shoe was compared with the neutral shoe before and after the 5K run, participants exhibited an increased loading rate (mean ± SE: pre–maximal shoe, 81.15 body weights/second [BW/s] and pre–neutral shoe, 60.83 BW/s [ P < .001]; post–maximal shoe, 79.10 BW/s and post–neutral shoe, 61.22 BW/s [ P = .008]) and increased impact peak (pre–maximal shoe, 1.76 BW and pre–neutral shoe, 1.58 BW [ P = .004]; post–maximal shoe, 1.79 BW and post–neutral shoe, 1.55 BW [ P = .003]). There were no shoe × time interactions and no significant findings for peak eversion.

Conclusion:

Runners exhibited increased impact forces and loading rate when running in a maximal versus neutral shoe. Because increases in these variables have been associated with an increased risk of running-related injuries, runners who are new to running in a maximal shoe may be at an increased risk of injury.

Clinical Relevance:

Understanding the influence of running footwear as an intervention that affects running biomechanics is important for clinicians so as to reduce patient injury.
Website Accessibility: U.S. Veterans Affairs Medical Centers as a Case Study
Authors: Youngblood Norman E. , Brooks Michael
Published: June 2018

The Internet is a critical eHealth/eGovernment information source, and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs operates the United States’ largest integrated health care system. This case study used machine-based accessibility testing to assess accessibility for 116 VA Medical Center websites, based on U.S. Section 508 standards and international WCAG 2.0 guidelines. While we found accessibility issues on each website analyzed, problems were generally limited. Notable exceptions included PDF accessibility and fixed-text sizes. The study’s results offer implications for practitioners (accessibility problems likely overlooked and ways to check accessibility) and educators, particularly the need to better integrate accessibility into the curriculum.
Age, Hearing, and the Perceptual Learning of Rapid Speech
Authors: Manheim Maayan , Lavie Limor , Banai Karen
Published: June 2018

The effects of aging and age-related hearing loss on the ability to learn degraded speech are not well understood. This study was designed to compare the perceptual learning of time-compressed speech and its generalization to natural-fast speech across young adults with normal hearing, older adults with normal hearing, and older adults with age-related hearing loss. Early learning (following brief exposure to time-compressed speech) and later learning (following further training) were compared across groups. Age and age-related hearing loss were both associated with declines in early learning. Although the two groups of older adults improved during the training session, when compared to untrained control groups (matched for age and hearing), learning was weaker in older than in young adults. Especially, the transfer of learning to untrained time-compressed sentences was reduced in both groups of older adults. Transfer of learning to natural-fast speech occurred regardless of age and hearing, but it was limited to sentences encountered during training. Findings are discussed within the framework of dynamic models of speech perception and learning. Based on this framework, we tentatively suggest that age-related declines in learning may stem from age differences in the use of high- and low-level speech cues. These age differences result in weaker early learning in older adults, which may further contribute to the difficulty to perceive speech in daily conversational settings in this population.
“If We Would Have Known”: A Couple’s Regret Over a Missed Opportunity to Have a Biological Child After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Ladores Sigrid , Bray Leigh Ann , Brown Janet
Published: June 2018

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic, chronic disease that results in thickened secretions in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts. Over 95% of males with CF have congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens causing infertility. This is a case study of a 29-year-old male who underwent a lung transplant after 8 months of oxygen dependency secondary to poor lung function. Approximately 1 year posttransplant, he and his wife decided that they wanted to start a family and consulted a fertility specialist who advised them to utilize donor sperm due to the teratogenic effects of posttransplant medications. Taken by surprise with this news, they expressed regret about the missed opportunity for pretransplant sperm aspiration and cryopreservation to conceive a biological child. He reported, “If we would have known, we would have made sure I [banked] my own [sperm].” This case study highlights a critical gap in CF comprehensive clinical care.
Knowledge, Skill, and Confidence in People Attending Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Effects and Determinants of Patient Activation
Authors: McNamara Renae J , Kearns Rachael , Dennis Sarah M , F Harris Mark , Gardner Karen , McDonald Julie
Published: June 2018

Background:

Patient activation is a significant predictor of health behaviors; however, the level of activation in people attending a pulmonary rehabilitation program and the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on patient activation have not been measured. Furthermore, the potential determinants and relationship between patient activation and characteristics of people attending pulmonary rehabilitation have not previously been reported.

Methods:

The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) was measured in people with a chronic respiratory disease or congestive cardiac failure at a baseline pulmonary rehabilitation assessment and again at the completion of the 8-week outpatient program.

Results:

This study included 194 people with chronic respiratory disease or congestive cardiac failure (41% male; mean [standard deviation, SD] age: 73 [11] years; mean [SD] forced expiratory volume in 1 second % predicted: 60% [20%]). The pulmonary rehabilitation program was completed by 61% (n = 118) of participants. The mean (SD) PAM score at baseline was 60.5 (15.7), which improved to 65.4 (15.5) after completion of the pulmonary rehabilitation program ( P = .001). In a stepwise forward multiple regression analysis, anxiety, lung information needs, and health-related quality of life impact were found to be significant determinants of baseline PAM. This model explained 12% ( P < .001) of the variance.

Conclusion:

People with a chronic respiratory disease or congestive cardiac failure commencing a pulmonary rehabilitation program demonstrated a moderate level of activation, which improved following an 8-week hospital outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. Anxiety, a higher level of lung information needs, and greater health-related quality of life impact were significantly associated with poor patient activation.
Bilateral Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Vitreous Opacities and Epiretinal Membrane in Gaucher Disease
Authors: Storey Philip P. , Tan Jeffrey J. , Rayess Nadim , Rao Narsing
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

To describe the clinical course of a patient with Gaucher disease, a rare lipid storage disorder, who presented with bilateral visually striking vitreous opacities and epiretinal membranes.

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

Pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peel were sequentially performed in both eyes with successful resolution of the opacities and macular puckers, although in one eye, the internal limiting membrane was not initially peeled, and a second surgery was required when the epiretinal membrane rapidly returned. Eight months after surgery, visual acuity improved from 20/150 bilaterally to 20/40 and 20/50 without recurrence of vitreous opacities.

Conclusions:

Pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peel for patients with vitreous opacities and epiretinal membranes in the setting of Gaucher disease can be an effective treatment option.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: p300 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion via inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Hou Xue , Gong Run , Zhan Jianhua , Zhou Ting , Ma Yuxiang , Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhang Yaxiong , Chen Gang , Zhang Zhonghan , Ma Shuxiang , Chen Xi , Gao Fangfang , Hong Shaodong , Luo Fan , Fang Wenfeng , Yang Yunpeng , Huang Yan , Chen Likun , Yang Haoxian , Zhang Li
Published: June 2018

Background

Histone acetyltransferase p300 is a crucial transcriptional coactivator and has been implicated as a poor prognostic factor in human cancers. However, little is known about the substantial functions and mechanisms of p300 in NSCLC proliferation and distant metastasis.

Methods

We constructed p300 down-regulated and up-regulated cell lines through RNAi and recombinant plasmid transfection. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were used to test the cell proliferation and confirmed by colony formation assays. Wound healing assays and transwell chamber assays were used to test the migration and invasion ability. Based upon these results, we measured the epithelial markers and mesenchymal markers after regulating p300 expression to explore epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a potential mechanism of p300 promoting NSCLC metastasis.

Results

In NSCLC cells NCI-H1975 and NCI-H1993, down-regulation of p300 leads to inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation. Cells with reduced p300 expression also demonstrate inhibited migration and invasion ability. Contrarily, up-regulation of p300 significantly enhanced the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion ability of NCI-H460. Importantly, further investigation shows that decreased p300 expression is associated with reduced expression of mesenchymal markers and increased expression of epithelial markers, while up-regulated p300 expression correlated with decreased expression of epithelial markers and increased expression of mesenchymal markers.

Conclusions

As a crucial tumor promoter, p300 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in NSCLC cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a potential mechanism of p300 promoting NSCLC metastasis.
Maximising the resolving power of the scanning tunneling microscope
Authors: Jones Lewys , Wang Shuqiu , Hu Xiao , ur Rahman Shams , Castell Martin R.
Published: June 2018

The usual way to present images from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is to take multiple images of the same area, to then manually select the one that appears to be of the highest quality, and then to discard the other almost identical images. This is in contrast to most other disciplines where the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a data set is improved by taking repeated measurements and averaging them. Data averaging can be routinely performed for 1D spectra, where their alignment is straightforward. However, for serial-acquired 2D STM images the nature and variety of image distortions can severely complicate accurate registration. Here, we demonstrate how a significant improvement in the resolving power of the STM can be achieved through automated distortion correction and multi-frame averaging (MFA) and we demonstrate the broad utility of this approach with three examples. First, we show a sixfold enhancement of the SNR of the Si(111)-(7 × 7) reconstruction. Next, we demonstrate that images with sub-picometre height precision can be routinely obtained and show this for a monolayer of Ti2O3 on Au(111). Last, we demonstrate the automated classification of the two chiral variants of the surface unit cells of the (4 × 4) reconstructed SrTiO3(111) surface. Our new approach to STM imaging will allow a wealth of structural and electronic information from surfaces to be extracted that was previously buried in noise.
Comparison of chemotherapy use, cost, and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in Western Washington and British Columbia.
Authors: Yezefski Todd , Le Dan , Chen Leo , Snider Jeremy , Speers Caroline , Gill Sharlene , Kennecke Hagen F. , Shankaran Veena
Published: June 2018

LBA3579

Background: Few studies have directly compared health care utilization, costs, and outcomes between geographically similar patients (pts) treated in the U.S.’ multi-payer health system versus Canada’s single-payer system. Using cancer registry and claims data, we assessed systemic therapy (ST) use, cost, and survival for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) pts in Western Washington (WW) and British Columbia (BC). Methods: Pts age ≥ 18 diagnosed with mCRC in 2010 and later were identified from 1) the BC Cancer Agency database and 2) a regional database linking WW SEER to claims from two large commercial insurers. Demographic and treatment characteristics for the two populations were compared using two-sample T tests. ST costs (first-line and lifetime) were expressed as mean per patient per month costs; Canadian costs were expressed in US dollars using the Purchasing Power Parity for Health in 2009. Median survival was reported for both populations. Results: 1622 BC pts and 575 WW pts were included in the analysis. BC pts were more likely to be older (median age 60 vs 66) and male (57% vs 48%, p = < 0.01). A greater proportion of WW versus BC pts received ST (79% vs. 68%, p < 0.01). FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab was the most common first-line regimen in BC (32%) while FOLFOX was the most common first-line regimen in WW (39%). The mean monthly cost of first-line therapy per patient was significantly higher in WW than BC ($12,345 vs $6,195, p = < 0.01), and this was true for all regimens assessed. Mean lifetime monthly ST costs were significantly higher in WW ($7,883 vs $4,830, p = < 0.01). There was no difference in median overall survival between populations among those receiving ST (21.4 months (95% CI 18.0-26.2) in WW and 22.1 months (20.5-23.7) in BC) or among those not receiving ST (5.4 months (2.4-7.7) WW versus 6.3 months (5.2-7.3) BC). Conclusions: Utilization and cost of ST for mCRC was significantly higher for patients in WW compared to BC without differences in overall survival in treated and untreated patients.
Chemoprevention of esophageal cancer with esomeprazole and aspirin therapy: Efficacy and safety in the phase III randomized factorial ASPECT trial.
Authors: Jankowski Janusz , de Caestecker John , Love Sharon , Reilly Gavin , Ang Yeng , Ragunath Krish , Tucker Arthur , Penman Ian , Rodgers Colin , Roffe Emma , Brooks Claire E. , Attwood Stephen , Morris Danielle , Harrison Rebecca , Bhandari Pradeep , Watson Peter , Sanders Scott , Barr Hugh , Moayyedi Paul , Neale James ,   AspECT Trial Team
Published: June 2018

LBA4008

Background: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) is the sixth most common cause of global cancer death. We rely on endoscopy screening to identify and monitor patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and find neoplastic lesions early enough to manage their EA. This approach has a modest effect on EA supported by low quality evidence. We evaluated the efficacy of aspirin and high dose acid suppression in preventing EA in patients with BE. Methods: We recruited patients with ≥ 1cm of BE and no high grade dysplasia (HGD) or EA at baseline in UK and Canadian hospitals. To conceal allocation, a central trials unit randomized patients using a computer-generated schedule. Patients were randomized unblinded 1:1:1:1 in a 2X2 factorial design to high dose (40mg twice daily) or low dose (20mg once daily) esomeprazole proton pump inhibitor acid suppression (PPI), alone or combined with low dose aspirin 300mg/day (330mg in Canada). The primary composite endpoint was time to all-cause mortality or EA or HGD analyzed using accelerated failure time modelling adjusting for minimization factors (age, length of Barrett’s esophagus and presence of intestinal metaplasia). Results: We recruited 2563 Barrett’s patients followed-up for a median of 8.9 years (interquartile range 8.2-9.8) with 20,095 years of follow up. There were 313 events of the composite primary endpoint. High dose PPI was statistically significantly superior to low dose PPI (p = 0.037, N = 2535, time ratio (TR) 1.27, 95% CI = 1.01-1.58). Aspirin therapy showed a trend to benefit but was not statistically significant (p = 0.068, N = 2280, TR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.98 – 1.57). The combination of aspirin with high dose PPI had the strongest effect compared to low dose PPI with no aspirin (TR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.14 to 2.23, p = 0.007). There were few serious adverse events reported (1.0% of patients), with 99.9% data collected. Conclusions: This is the largest randomized controlled chemoprevention trial in patients with Barrett’s esophagus. We have shown that PPI high dose and aspirin chemoprevention therapy, especially in combination significantly reduces rates of death, EA or HGD occurrence and is safe. Clinical trial information: 2004-003836-77.
Genome-wide sequencing for early stage lung cancer detection from plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA): The Circulating Cancer Genome Atlas (CCGA) study.
Authors: Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Maddala Tara , Hubbell Earl , Aravanis Alex , Zhang Nan , Venn Oliver , Valouev Anton , Shen Ling , Patel Shilpen , Jamshidi Arash , Jagadeesh Karthik , Gross Samuel , Filippova Darya , Beausang John F. , Liu Minetta C. , Richards Donald A. , Plevritis Sylvia , Williams Richard Thomas , Hartman Anne-Renee , Swanton Charles
Published: June 2018

LBA8501

Background: Plasma cfDNA genomic analysis is used widely for the care of advanced lung cancer, but its suitability for early stage lung cancer detection is not well established. CCGA (NCT02889978) is a prospective, multi-center, observational study launched for the development of a noninvasive assay for cancer detection. Methods: Blood was prospectively collected (N = 1627) from 749 controls (no cancer diagnosis) and 878 participants (pts) with newly-diagnosed untreated cancer in this preplanned substudy, including 127 pts with lung cancer. Three prototype sequencing assays were performed: paired cfDNA and white blood cell (WBC) targeted sequencing (507 genes, 60,000X) for single nucleotide variants/indels; paired cfDNA and WBC whole genome sequencing (WGS) for copy number variation (30X); and cfDNA whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) for methylation (30X). For each assay, a classification model using 10-fold cross-validation was developed for all pts with cancer, then evaluated in the pts with lung cancer; sensitivity was estimated at 95% specificity. Results: We evaluated pts with lung cancer (127) and a subset of controls (580) with similar ages (mean±SD yrs: 67±9, 60±13), 85% and 43% were ever-smokers, and 46% and 22% were men, respectively. Of 3055 nonsynonymous mutations detected across 122 evaluable pts with lung cancer, > 50% were detected in WBC consistent with clonal hematopoiesis (CH). Accounting for CH, sensitivity in 63 stage I-IIIA pts evaluable across all 3 assays was 48% (35-61, targeted), 54% (41-67, WGS), and 56% (43-68, WGBS); in 54 stage IIIB-IV pts it was 85% (73-93, targeted), 91% (80-97, WGS), and 93% (82-98, WGBS) . Similar sensitivities were observed across histological subtypes (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, small cell). Comparison to tumor WGS and multi-assay classification will be reported. Conclusions: Early stage lung cancers are detectable in cfDNA using a genome-wide sequencing approach. For lung cancer detection using targeted assays, CH must be accounted for to minimize false positives. Assay optimization is ongoing to allow further clinical development in the intended use population. Clinical trial information: NCT02889978.
Migrant Futures
Authors: Bahng Aimee
Published: June 2018

In Migrant Futures Aimee Bahng traces the cultural production of futurity by juxtaposing the practices of speculative finance against those of speculative fiction. While financial speculation creates a future based on predicting and mitigating risk for wealthy elites, the wide range of speculative novels, comics, films, and narratives Bahng examines imagines alternative futures that envision the multiple possibilities that exist beyond capital’s reach. Whether presenting new spatial futures of the US-Mexico borderlands or inventing forms of kinship in Singapore in order to survive in an economy designed for the few, the varied texts Bahng analyzes illuminate how the futurity of speculative finance is experienced by those who find themselves mired in it. At the same time these displaced, undocumented, unbanked, and disavowed characters imagine alternative visions of the future that offer ways to bring forth new political economies, social structures, and subjectivities that exceed the framework of capitalism.
Cyclin d1 depletion interferes with cancer oxidative balance and sensitizes cancer cells to senescence
Authors: Laphanuwat Phatthamon , Likasitwatanakul Pornlada , Sittithumcharee Gunya , Thaphaengphan Araya , Chomanee Nussara , Suppramote Orawan , Ketaroonrut Nuttavadee , Charngkaew Komgrid , Lam Eric W.-F , Okada Seiji , Panich Uraiwan , Sampattavanich Somponnat , Jirawatnotai Siwanon
Published: June 2018

Expression of cyclin D1 is required for cancer cell survival and proliferation. This is presumably due to the role of cyclin D1 in RB inactivation. Here we investigated the prosurvival function of cyclin D1 in a number of cancer cell lines. We found that cyclin D1 depletion facilitated cellular senescence in several cancer cell lines tested. Senescence triggered by cyclin D1 depletion was more extensive than that caused by the prolonged CDK4 inhibition. Intriguingly, the senescence caused by cyclin D1 depletion was independent of RB status of the cancer cell. We identified a buildup of intracellular reactive oxygen species, in the cancer cells that underwent senescence upon cyclin D1 depletion, but not in CDK4 inhibition, and that ROS buildup was responsible for the senescence. Lastly, the senescence was found to be instigated by the p38/JNK-FOXO3a-p27 pathway. Therefore, expression of cyclin D1 prevents cancer cells from undergoing senescence, at least partially, by keeping the level of intracellular oxidative stress at a tolerable sub-lethal level. Depletion of cyclin D1 promotes the RB-independent pro-senescence pathway, and cancer cell succumbing to the endogenous oxidative stress.
Short-duration respirometry underestimates metabolic rate for discontinuous breathers
Authors: Winwood-Smith Hugh S. , White Craig R.
Published: June 2018

Metabolic rate is commonly estimated from rates of gas exchange. An underappreciated factor that can influence estimates is patterns of pulmonary respiration. Amphibians display discontinuous respiratory patterns, often including long apnoeas, in addition to cutaneous gas exchange. The contribution of cutaneous exchange increases at low temperatures when metabolic rate is low. Due to the relatively low permeability of skin, measurements that disproportionately capture cutaneous exchange can produce underestimates of metabolic rate. The permeability of amphibian skin to CO2 is greater than O2, therefore calculating the ratio of whole-animal CO2 emission to O2 uptake (the respiratory exchange ratio, RER) can be used to avoid underestimates of metabolic rate by ensuring that observed values of RER fall within the normal physiological range (∼0.7 to 1). Using data for cane toads Rhinella marina we show that short-duration measurements lead to underestimates of metabolic rate and overestimates of RER. At low temperatures this problem is exacerbated, requiring over 12 hours for RER to fall within the normal physiological range. Many published values of metabolic rate in animals that utilise cutaneous exchange may be underestimates.
Innate turning preference of leaf-cutting ants in the absence of external orientation cues
Authors: Endlein Thomas , Sitti Metin
Published: June 2018

Many ants use a combination of cues for orientation but how do ants find their way when all external cues are suppressed? Do they walk in a random way or are their movements spatially oriented? Here we show for the first time that leaf-cutting ants (Acromyrmex lundii) have an innate preference of turning counter-clockwise (left) when external cues are precluded. We demonstrated this by allowing individual ants to run freely on the water surface of a newly-developed treadmill. The surface tension supported medium-sized workers but effectively prevented ants from reaching the wall of the vessel, important to avoid wall-following behaviour (thigmotaxis). Most ants ran for minutes on the spot but also slowly turned counter-clockwise in the absence of visual cues. Reconstructing the effectively walked path revealed a looping pattern which could be interpreted as a search strategy. A similar turning bias was shown for groups of ants in a symmetrical Y-maze where twice as many ants chose the left branch in the absence of optical cues. Wall-following behaviour was tested by inserting a coiled tube before the Y-fork. When ants traversed a left-coiled tube, more ants chose the left box and vice versa. Adding visual cues in form of vertical black strips either outside the treadmill or on one branch of the Y-maze led to oriented walks towards the strips. It is suggested that both, the turning bias and the wall-following are employed as search strategies for an unknown environment which can be overridden by visual cues.
The Race between Man and Machine: Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares, and Employment
Authors: Acemoglu Daron , Restrepo Pascual
Published: June 2018

We examine the concerns that new technologies will render labor redundant in a framework in which tasks previously performed by labor can be automated and new versions of existing tasks, in which labor has a comparative advantage, can be created. In a static version where capital is fixed and technology is exogenous, automation reduces employment and the labor share, and may even reduce wages, while the creation of new tasks has the opposite effects. Our full model endogenizes capital accumulation and the direction of research toward automation and the creation of new tasks. If the long-run rental rate of capital relative to the wage is sufficiently low, the long-run equilibrium involves automation of all tasks. Otherwise, there exists a stable balanced growth path in which the two types of innovations go hand-in-hand. Stability is a consequence of the fact that automation reduces the cost of producing using labor, and thus discourages further automation and encourages the creation of new tasks. In an extension with heterogeneous skills, we show that inequality increases during transitions driven both by faster automation and the introduction of new tasks, and characterize the conditions under which inequality stabilizes in the long run. (JEL D63, E22, E23, E24, J24, O33, O41)
THE CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF THE GREEK ZEOLITIC ROCKS
Authors: Filippidis A. , Kantiranis N. , Stamatakis M. , Drakoulis A. , Tzamos E.
Published: June 2018

Forty two zeolitic rock samples, from the Prefectures ofEvros, Rhodope, Samos and Cyclades, have been investigated for their cation exchange capacity (CEC, in meq/100g) and the mineralogical composition (wt.%), using the Ammonium Acetate Saturation method and Powder X-ray Diffraction method, respectively. HEU-type zeolite (heulandite-clinoptilolite) was found in Ρ etrota area (43-89 wt.%, CEC 101- 217), Samos island (34-91 wt.%, CEC 93-217), Pentalofos area (68-74 wt.%, CEC 124-202), Metaxades area (47-64 wt.%, CEC 119-140) and Thira island (33 wt.%, CEC 118). Mordenite was found in Samos island (64 wt.%, CEC 150), Polyegos island (61 wt.%, CEC 136), Thira island (56 wt.%, CEC 130), Milos island (45 wt.%, CEC 97), Kimolos island (30 wt.%, CEC 96) and Feres area (5 wt.%, CEC 22). Analcime was found in Samos island (27-71 wt.%, CEC 104-285) and Darmeni area (16 wt.%, CEC 62). Chabazite was found in Samos island (66 wt.%, CEC 243). HEU-type zeolite+mordenite were found in Feres area (45-74 wt.%, CEC 132-209), Samos island (81 wt.%, CEC 184), Thira island (72 wt.%, CEC 177), Polyegos island (66 wt.%, CEC 153) and Skaloma area (51-60 wt.%, CEC 126-143). HEUtype zeolite+phillipsite were found in Samos island (47 wt.%, CEC 170) and HEUtype zeolite+analcime were found in Samos island (55 wt.%, CEC 129). The CEC of the zeolitic rocks show positive correlations with the type of zeolite and the microporous minerals (zeolites+micas+clay minerals) content, mainly affected by the zeolites and to lesser extent by micas and clay minerals.
ON THE METAMORPHIC MODIFICATION OF CR-SPINEL COMPOSITIONS FROM THE ULTRABASIC ROCKS OF THE PINDOS OPHIOLITE COMPLEX (NW GREECE)
Authors: Kapsiotis A. , Tsikouras B. , Grammatikopoulos T. , Karipi S. , Hatzipanagiotou H.
Published: June 2018

Serpentinites and serpentinised ultramafic rocks from the Pindos ophiolite complex, northwestern Greece, contain Cr-spinel grains that are usually altered. The extent of alteration differs among Cr-spinels and two alteration trends can be distinguished. The most dominant is characterised by Cr-spinel overgrown by Cr-magnetite, while the second shows gradual replacement of Cr-spinel by ferrian chromite locally combined with Cr-magnetite development. Compared to cores, the altered rims are enriched in Fe and show elevated Cr# in both types of alteration, while they are impoverished in Mg and Al only at the second one. The common association of Crmagnetite with serpentine and ferrian chromite with chlorite provides insights to the metamorphic context of their formation through processes that include metasomatism by cation diffusion exchange
AN UPDATE IN THE SEPARATION OF NATURAL FROM SYNTHETIC AMETHYSTS
Authors: Karampelas S. , Fritsch E. , Zorba T. , Paraskevopoulos K. M. , Sklavounos S.
Published: June 2018

Since the first synthetic amethyst was commercially manufactured about 30 years ago, the separation from natural material has been difficult for gemologists. Even today, the separation of natural from hydrothermally grown in K2C03 synthetic amethyst is still an issue. With only the help of classical gemological criteria (such as inclusions, twinning and color zoning) it is difficult to separate synthetic stones from their natural counterparts. The separation problem is even more complex in the case of the highest quality (and value) of amethysts presenting neither inclusion nor twinning nor color zoning. IR absorption spectra of amethyst in the region of the ΧΟΗ group stretching (particularly from 3000 to 3900 cm'1) reveal several bands that have been used for the separation of natural from synthetic amethyst. Using a resolution at 0.5 cm the 3595 cm1 band is present in all natural amethyst and in some rare synthetic ones. When present in synthetic amethysts, its full width at half maximum (FWHM) is about 7 cm , whereas it is about 3.3 cm' in all naturals. This new criterion worked for all of our samples.
PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF GRANITIC PEBBLES IN THE PARNASSOS FLYSCH AT ITI MOUNTAIN, CONTINENTAL CENTRAL GREECE
Authors: Karipi S. , Tsikouras B. , Hatzipanagiotou K.
Published: June 2018

Granite rocks occur as pebbles within the Parnassos flysch deposits, in the area of Iti (Central Greece). The granites are per aluminous, calcic rocL· with S-type characteristics. Geochemical features reveal that these rocL· are not co-genetic to the Iti ophiolite but they have been derived from magmas affected by a subduction component. They display common characteristics with VAG-type lithologies. Geochemically, they mostly resemble nearby granite clastsfrom a Triassic flyschoid from Evia (Liri Unit), and lesser those within the Parnassos flysch at Amfissa and Pliocene fluvial deposits at Patras
29Si AND 27Al CPMAS NMR QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF KAOLINITE AND DICKITE IN KOS ISLAND KAOLINS, GREECE
Authors: Papoulis D.
Published: June 2018

The application of 27Al and 29Si CPMAS NMR spectroscopy to the investigation of selected /caolinite and dickite bearing samples from hydrothermally altered rhyolites of Kos island is tested using also XRD and analytical SEM-EDS data. Kaolinite and dickite, can be detected by both their tetrahedral Si and octahedral Al CPMAS NMR spectra. It was found that the interference of the peaks become less significant and the shape of the peaL· narrow when the pulse recycling delay is high (up to 10s). The octahedral Al / tetrahedral Si ratios of kaolinite group mineral forms from samples showing various degrees of alteration, calculated from the NMR spectra, were found to be very similar to these derived from the structural formulae of SEM-EDS microanalyses. In this work it is presented for the first time an approach to provide narrow CPMAS NMR peaks. The narrow shape of the peaks provides accurate measurements of the exact position of the peaL· and the octahedral Al / tetrahedral Si ratios.
COMPARATIVE INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF NATURAL CA-AMPHIBOLES
Authors: Theodosoglou E. , Koroneos A. , Paraskevopoulos K. M. , Christofides G. , Papadopoulou L. , Zorba T.
Published: June 2018

Powder IR spectra of natural Ca-amphiboles were studied in the spectral range 4000 to 400 cm'1. The examined samples are: actinolite, tremolite, Mg-hornblende and pargasite. According to their spectra all the minerals of the four species present common features at 3658-3660, 919, 683-687, 661-668, 505-513, 457-464 and 419 cm . Additionally to these bands, the spectra of the actinolites, tremolites and Mghornblendes present common characteristics at 3673, 1094-1098, 989-998, 951, 752-758 and 441-449 cm'1. Moreover, six absorption bands are shown in the spectra of the pargasites at 3690, 981-984, 931, 805-811, 734 and 696-698 cm'1, in addition to the common bands appeared in all Ca-amphiboles, which do not appear in the spectra of the actinolites, tremolites and Mg-hornblendes. The spectra of pargasites are remarkably different from the spectra of the other three mineral species. These discrepancies could be attributed to differences in the structure of pargasites relative to the other three species as well as to the occupancy of the A site especially with Na+.
CORONARY CIRCULATION CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: ANGIOGRAPHY DATA
Authors: Димова Евгения , Dimova Evgeniya
Published: June 2018

The aim of the study was to investigate coronary arteries damage during ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) manifestation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The protocols of coronary angiography of 90 patients who suffered STEMI were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of COPD. The first group (50 people) was formed from the patients who had ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and COPD. The second group (40 people) had STEMI and no COPD. It was found that in case of COPD and STEMI comorbidity the number of coronary stenosis is bigger than in case of mono AMI patients. In the group of patients with COPD and STEMI the angiographic picture of atherosclerosis damage of coronary arteries demonstrates the prevalence of medium and distal stenosis of major branches and coronary arteries of the second order unlike the group with isolated STEMI. The number of extended stenosis in the group with the comorbid pathology is also higher. The patients with STEMI have the same number of hemodynamically important stenosis as the other group. The correlation between the change of the vessel channel and smoking anamnesis, the level of the systematic inflammation marker (CRP) and the level of lipids in patients with COPD and STEMI was studied. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis directly correlates with CRP level, smoking anamnesis, level of cholesterol, LDLP. The number of distal stenosis, including those that are hemodynamically important, has reverse correlation with the level of HDLP.
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION OF MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS IN CHILDREN WITH A RECURRENT COURSE OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN KHABAROVSK CITY DURING 2016-2017
Authors: Шмыленко Влада , Shmylenko Vlada , Бондаренко Альбина , Bondarenko Albina , Троценко Ольга , Trotsenko Olga , Туркутюков Вячеслав , Turkutyukov Vyacheslav
Published: June 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate the Moraxella catarrhalis nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence in children of different age groups with a recurrent course of respiratory diseases and perform a comparative analysis of bacterial carriage levels as well as peculiarities of within-year distribution of nasopharyngeal carriage in 2016-2017 years. Bacteriological assessment was performed for 1769 children aged 0 to 14 years old including 1082 children examined in 2016 and 687 children examined in 2017. During the two years of observation the average level of M. catarrhalis carriage for the entire study group was equal to 11.5±0.76%. Nasopharyngeal carriage was detected in children of all age groups with the lowest index in children of 7-14 years (4.1±1.03%) and highest levels of bacterial carriage in children of 2-6 years old (13.8±0.98%). Similarities in distribution of M. catarrhalis nasopharyngeal carriage levels in susceptible age groups were detected during 2016 and 2017 years. The analysis of M. catarrhalis carriage levels dynamics revealed within-year undulation of the index – low levels were detected in February and July and high levels in October and November. The research revealed statistically significant and profound concordance of within-year distribution of M. catarrhalis carriage levels in children during 2016 and 2017 years.
Fórmulas de saludo y de despedida como relacionemas
Authors: Baran Marek
Published: June 2018

Forms of Greeting and Farewell as Relationemes: Diachronic and Synchronic PerspectivesThe main issues deal with in the present paper are greeting and farewell formulas analysed in terms of relationemes, that is specific exponents of interpersonal relationships. Taking the point of view of interactional linguistics, we try to show that the repertoire of this kind of forms is much wider than it is normally assumed and their relational character makes them a class very close to honorifics.
Análisis contrastivo de los elementos constitutivos de las expresiones temporales de base nominal en español y en polaco (función de localización simultánea)
Authors: Brzozowska-Zburzyńska Beata
Published: June 2018

Comparative Analysis of the Constitutive Elements Temporal Expressions with a Nominal Base in Spanish and Polish (Simultaneous Function)The aim of the study is to analyze the structures of temporal expressions used in Spanish and Polish which assume the syntactic function of circumstantial complement of time. Following Wilk-Racięska, we believe that any linguistic element, both lexical and grammatical, reflects the vision of the world shared by speakers of the same language. We propose, therefore, a contrastive study in which more or less complex structures will be presented, which will obligatorily include a noun accompanied by optional elements such as prepositions, articles, adjectives, casual markers and others. We want to demonstrate that the appearance of these linguistic elements is not accidental and can be explained by taking into account semantic, pragmatic and cognitive aspects specific to each of the languages studied.
Pérdida y reemplazo de arabismos en español
Authors: Enăchescu Mihai
Published: June 2018

Loss and Replacement of Arabisms in Spanish. Names of ProfessionsMost Spanish words of Arabic origin that designate professions have disappeared. However, some are still in use, amongst which albañil or alfarero are some of the most usual. Others have been replaced by Latinisms, such as veterinario, which replaced albéitar, or by derived (barbero) or compound nouns (ropavejero) that prevail over their counterparts alfajeme and aljabibe, respectively. There are also special cases when an Arabic word is replaced by a Romance loan word (alfayate vs. sastre) or even by another Arabic word (alcaller vs. alfarero). The aim of this paper is the study of the replacement of Arabisms starting from the Late Middle Ages with focus on names of professions.
modos verbales y los inductores modales en las cláusulas subordinadas adjetivas: español vs. polaco
Authors: Nowikow Wiaczesław
Published: June 2018

Verbal Moods and Modal Triggers in Subordinate Adjective Clauses: Spanish vs. PolishThe aim of this article is to analyze the influence of modal triggers (semantic features of an antecedent and subordinating predicates, as well as negation operators) on the selection of mood in subordinate adjective clauses in contemporary Spanish. Moreover, the author compares the parameters of modal, syntactic, and semantic selection in Spanish and Polish. He also attempts to make some observations regarding modality differences in subordinate adjective clauses between these two languages. In Spanish, modal selection depends to a great extent on the properties of modal triggers, whereas in Polish, one of the most important factors is the semantic efficiency of hypothetical mood, which transmits certain modal content (no reality, degree of hypothesis, etc.).
vesre: un mecanismo de creación léxica
Authors: Sorbet Piotr
Published: June 2018

Vesre: a Mechanism of Lexical CreationIn this research we intend, on the one hand, to continue and complete the study started in other papers, and on the other, to present vesre from a global perspective. For this reason, we want to place it among other mechanisms of lexical creation available in the Spanish language. To this end, we extract data from various lexicographic sources of general character as well as of contrastive type (European Spanish ≠ American Spanish).
Leer cine: "Alatriste" como estrategia didáctica para la escritura
Authors: Úcar Ventura Pilar
Published: June 2018

Reading Films: Alatriste a Didactic Strategy for WritingThis study attempts to review and analyze a number of grammatical issues related to activities after the reading of Alatriste’s film script, in the Spanish classroom for students of Translation and International Relations, and, in that way, to develop their writing abilities. We propose a descriptive methodology whereby a selection of scenes from the script in question is used in order deepen the textual properties through cognitive and creative participation on the part of the receiver.