bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE REFUSAL AGAINST 1925 TEACHER ORDINANCE IN WEST SUMATRA: ITS CONDITIONS, COURSE, AND AFTERMATH
Authors: Zara Muhammad Yuanda
Published: December 2018

Worried with the rise of modernist Muslim movement coming from the Middle East, in 1925 Netherlands Indies Government issued and applied Teacher Ordinance (Goeroe Ordonnantie) in several regions in Netherlands Indies. It stipulated, among others, that every Muslim teacher must report himself to district head so that the district head could immediately issue a letter of identification, that Islamic teachers must keep the list of their students and religious subjects given to them, and the situation in which the right of teaching would be canceled, for example if the Islamic teachers provoke their students to condemn the Government. The Ordinance had been successfully applied and the Government planned to extend it to other regions, including West Sumatra. Yet, the majority of Islamic teachers throughout West Sumatra refused the plan. The refusal against 1925 Teacher Ordinance, in the form of mass demonstration and negotiation, influenced almost all of Islamic teachers in West Sumatra and reduced existing social and religious gaps in Minangkabau society due to the same feeling of dissatisfaction. Eventually, the Government canceled the application plan of the Ordinance in West Sumatra, showing the effectiveness of the social movement organized by Islamic teachers in West Sumatra.

Keywords: Teacher Ordinance, social movement, Islamic teachers, West Sumatera, Islam and colonialism
MODELING OF REDUCTION IN THE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT IN CONCRETE UNDER THE ACTION OF CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Smolyago G. A. , Dronov A. V. , Frolov N. V.
Published: December 2018

Process of depassivation of steel in concrete under the action of chloride corrosive environment is considered. Method of durable testing of bended reinforced concrete structures during corrosive period is described. Results of experimental research in steel reinforcement corrosion in reinforced concrete beams under the action of corrosive environment are described in the article. The diagram of corrosive potential changes during the testing time is given in the article. Measurements of corrosion potential were carried out by the corrosion analyzing instrument. Analysis of corrosive potential changes during the testing time was carried out. Main properties and features of chloride corrosion process and damages are considered. Corrosive pits on the surface of the reinforcement bars were studied. Measurements of depth and diameter of the corrosive pits were carried out. Stress-strain diagrams of steel after the corrosive period were obtained. Mathematical model of reduction in the cross-sectional area of steel reinforcement in concrete under the action of corrosive chloride environment is suggested. This model allows to consider effect of concrete cover thickness on depth of corrosion. Comparison of experimental results and theoretical calculations reveals high accuracy of corrosion damage definition by given mathematical model. The ways to use the model are suggested. The given model allows to consider corrosive damages of steel rebars by definition of cross-section area losses and may be used in calculations of strength and deformations of RC structures. It’s possible to use the model for prediction of the remaining strength life of RC structures.
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISE HUMAN RESOURCES ON THE BASIS OF COGNITIVE MODELING
Authors: Gileva T. A. , Galimova M. P. , Kalmykova S. V.
Published: December 2018

Questions of efficiency increase of human resource management are one of the most discussed by scientists of different countries in the last decades. This is due to many reasons and above all, the increasing human impact on the competitiveness of modern organizations, constantly changing external conditions of their functioning and the necessity of taking into account country and industry specifics. Effective management of human resources is one of the necessary conditions for the competitiveness of modern enterprises. The main tool of this management is program development of human resources. The article presents an overview of the key areas in the field of human resource development programs (HRD programs), the necessity of their agreement with the enterprise development strategy and consideration of influence on organizational effectiveness. The authors have presented a causal model of the relationship between human resource management (HRM) and labour performance and researched the procedure justifying the selection of HR practices. The article presents a cognitive map of the impact of human resources on the results of company operations. The analysis of cognitive map has allowed the researchers to reveal the structure of the problem (situation), to find the most significant factors affecting it and to carry out a reasonable choice of control actions to achieve objectives. The stages and tools for developing HRD programs on the basis of application of cognitive modelling are presented here. This fact has allowed us to evaluate the impact of HR practices on key indicators of organization performance at the design stage. In conclusion the authors have noted that it is necessary to consider the indirect effects of HR practices on the performance of organization and relationships between various aspects of human resources management . In this regard it seems appropriate to use wider application in the field of cognitive modeling and simulation. According to the authors this approach will accomplish the quantitative assessment of the impact of HR practices on organizational effectiveness at the stage of designing the programme of human resource development. At the same time it provides the possibility of"situational" factors accounting for a particular organization.
PROBLEMS OF DEFINING A LEGAL STATUS OF URBAN FORESTS IN RUSSIA
Authors: Lavrischeva O. A.
Published: December 2018

The paper considers norms of the Russian legislation on urban forests. The main problems of the legal regulation of urban forests within the Russian Federation have been identified and analyzed. The author pays special attention to the absence of a definition of the "urban forests" concept and the criteria for referring forest plantations to urban forests that make it possible to delineate urban forests from other plantations within the settlements, including forest parks. The author points to the fact that there is no criteria for power delineation to protect and use urban forests as well as a clear functional structure of urban forest management at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation. There is also legal uncertainty about referring forest located in settlements that are not cities to forests. All these gaps in the Russian legislation cause certain difficulties in law enforcement practice. Based on the analysis, the author suggests ways of managing urban forests in the current socio-economic situation in Russia. First of all, it is necessary to introduce a number of clarifications at the legislative level: to regulate the legal regime for using urban forests established for forest park areas in accordance with the requirements of the Russian Federation Code, to establish the norm which will oblige local authorities while preparing and approving the documents concerning territorial planning, to include land plots on which urban forests are located, into recreational areas or zones of specially protected areas. The author believes that these changes in the forest legislation will help to develop and preserve urban forests as a reliable environmental and legal guarantee for the constitutional right of citizens to have a favorable environment.
CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TWENTY YEARS: ACHIEVEMENTS AND MISSED OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Minakov G. L. , Abashina L. A.
Published: December 2018

This paper analyzes the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, which is 1 January 2017 marks the twentieth anniversary of the entry into force. Draws attention to a number of problems associated with the many changes made to the text of the Law. There is a significant difference between a modern edition of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation of the sample 2016 from the Criminal code of the Russian Federation at the time of its adoption in 1996. Indicates the number of egregious errors and omissions of the legislator in constructing the norms, not all of which today are corrected. It is stated that hitherto the criminal code of the Russian Federation in full is not entered into force. In particular, not put into effect the provisions of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation on the punishment in the form of arrest, despite the expiry of the deadline of entry (2006). Thus it is proved that stipulated by the legislator in the Criminal-Executive code of the Russian Federation of conditions of serving of arrest for much stricter than the conditions of detention of the convict in jail, which violates the principle of fairness criminal law. The authors emphasize that the economic factor in justifying the imposition of arrest generally not taken into account. In this connection, the conclusion about the need to exclude these norms of the current legislation. It is noted that a similar situation exists with the new punishment in the form of forced labor. The paper argues that the inability of the purpose of forced labor may result in adverse legal consequences for the persons serving compulsory work, corrective labour and restriction of freedom in case of malicious evasion from serving of the latter. The authors note, requires a final decision and issue the death penalty.
METHODOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE ALLOCATION OF WORKERS WHILE EXECUTING ACTIVITIES FOR REAL ESTATE ITEMS REPLACEMENT CONSIDERING CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF LABOUR POTENTIAL OF TEAMS
Authors: Ponyavina N. A. , Yemelyanov D. I. , Chesnokova E. A.
Published: December 2018

The current situation in housing maintenance and utilities sector of Russia has been reviewed. The current state and dynamics of the development of real estate managing companies have been analyzed to identify drawbacks in planning and executing works to provide preservation of real estate items. On the basis of the analysis the conclusion about the necessity to reform the entire system of organization, maintenance and management of residential property has been made and the main areas of research, that is improvement of the methods of planning and optimal administrative decision taking in order to improve the economic efficiency of their activities has been defined. Using the analysis outcome a number of organizational patterns taking into account the character of the development of activities in different organizational-technological situations ensuring preservation of real estate items have been identified. According to the analysis results the influence of changes in specialized team size on the use of their labour potential for different activities providing real estate items replacement has been estimated The presented in the paper analysis of the organizational patterns of change in the level of workers’ labor potential use has allowed us to establish the fact that the most common way to achieve the required level of performance for maintenance, sanitary maintenance and current repair of housing is obtained changing the team size in the process of distribution. The obtained dependences allow us to define two zones of team concentration: the zone of effective change in teams sizes and the zone of inefficient concentration changes. Based on these dependencies, economic-mathematical models have been built; they allow us to establish the fluctuations of the boundaries of these zones, depending on the characteristics of work execution, which will enable managing companies using the data of the research to improve the quality of organization and management of works on real estate replacement. .
CONCEPT OF ANTISYSTEM IN THE STUDY OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC REFORMS OUTPUT
Authors: Ermolenko A. .
Published: December 2018

The new economic reality established in the modern world forces researchers to attend to a very promising for the science accustomed to the precise boundaries of disciplinary research problem of finding new opportunities for the development of the economic theory, sufficient to reveal qualitatively new phenomena caused by the interaction of transformation processes of different nature. At the same time, the interdisciplinary approach aimed at combining and intertwining resources of various research areas and consequently, at synergistic effects, is naturally the focus of attention. One of the most popular interdisciplinary opportunities in this case is the concept of antisystem, formed in social-historical and ethnological research areas. Antisystems as the results of social and economic transformations arise on the basis of setting, social acceptance and implementation of transformation goals, negative for the development of the society as a whole; long-term functioning of such system formations leads to useless waste of social resources, formation of many destructive for the functions and structure of the social and economic system products, destabilization of social and economic communications and actual suspension of the evolutionary process. Antisystems implement a certain set of ideas negative in terms of the evolutionary approach which for some reasons received a temporary recognition of society as a whole or some part of it; in this respect, antisystems act as the results of negative strategizing of the development of social and economic relations. Accordingly, the destruction of antisystems involves a multi-stage social denial and debunking of this idea-complex, which burdens social development with additional costs of profound and large-scale transformations. The polarization of modern Russian society creates conditions for the lack of demand and reduction of the subject potential of many of its participants, which in its turn ensures the formation and "silent" raise social and economic transformations of ideological constructs that do not stand up to scientific criticism and are destructive for social and economic practice to the rank of goals. In particular, the noncritical borrowing of foreign institutional forms and the consequent bureaucratization of the sphere of education and science of modern Russia conditioned the formation of an antisystem in this sphere, many of the results of its functioning contribute to deepening the crisis situation in the national economy and reduce to nothing the achievements in the sphere of education and science obtained in previous years.
IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION: FORESIGHT-DESIGNING
Authors: Vertakova Yu. V. , Nekipelova A. S.
Published: December 2018

In world economy the next surge in processes of transformation is observed. Globalization of commercial ties can be considered as interaction of the countries at the level of regional blocs. The international community reveals the prospects of forming of regional spaces which state members can be integrated among themselves stronger, than with the third countries, and the system of bilateral and multilateral ties and arrangements will be built not only between the countries, but also between economic blocks. As a result of a cooperation each country shall gain additional economic effect for the realization account of integration potential of consolidation and competitive advantages of state members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). The additional effect for state members of EEU will be expressed in acceleration of achievement of national strategic objectives and also receipt of an increment of national economic results due to implementation of integration measures and projects. The majority of economically developed countries of the world recognized need not only forecasting of the future for identification of the directions of a joint cooperation in case of achievement of strategic objectives, but also its active forming by means of such tool as forsayt-designing. In a research theoretical and empirical methods are used, in particular: overview of literature, logical and system analysis, methods of collection of empirical data, descriptions, forecast and handling of results of a research, forsayt-designing. The main objective of a research consists in a research of features of implementation of competitive advantages of the Eurasian Economic Union on the basis of forsayt-designing. In article influence of processes of rapprochement of Russia and China on integration of the last into EEU is considered. The prospects of interaction of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China on the basis of development of dynamically developing border areas, potential kernels of economic development are considered. On the basis of expert poll road mapping of cross-border interaction of Russia and China on key parameters is made: foreign trade, possible programs of a cooperation.
THE CONCEPT OF COMPETITIVE COMMITMENTS: CERTAIN ASPECTS OF CIVIL LAW REGULATION
Authors: Tsokur E. F. , Novruzova O. B.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to several aspects of civil regulation of the competitive obligation. High importance and poor practical readiness of the above problem determine the undoubted novelty of the work. Further attention to the issue of civil regulation of the competitive obligation need for more deep and reasonable permission of civil law actual problems. Competitive obligations represent one more type of obligations from unilateral actions. In them lines of obligations which in private law of foreign countries are called quasicontract are well shown. The contents of these obligations can cover those actions of contestants on a competitive task which are usually made by debtors within a number of civil contracts - the contract, an assignment, the commission and others. Commission by contestants of legal acts - creation of works of science, literature and art is not excluded. In the first case it is not about the actual commission by contestants of legally significant actions in favor of the subject who announced a competition, and about their readiness for legal holding liable of in exchange for observance of the conditions by the person who announced a competition. The holding of public contests again became wide spread occurrence in civil circulation. Thus comparison of the practice of holding public competitions with the provisions of the civil legislation shows that public contests in many cases are in conflict with the law. One of the many reasons is the imperfection of legal regulation and the absence of the organizer and participants adequate understanding of the requirements of the Civil code of the Russian Federation to hold a public competition and in this regard their full or partial disregard.
LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF RULE VIOLATION IN AUCTIONS AND PUBLIC COMPETITIONS: CIVIL ASPECT
Authors: Tsokur E. F.
Published: December 2018

In this article the author analyzes legal consequences of rule violation in auctions and public competitions in the Russian Federation. The author describes essential features for scientific justification and further improvement. Theorists’ views about specified problems are significantly different among practicing lawyers and theorists. Nevertheless the author describes independent analysis of some relevant aspects of legal consequences of rule violation in auctions and public competitions. These procedures are actively applied to ensuring state and municipal needs, thanks to bigger transparency of purchases and check convenience by control bodies. Besides public and municipal sector auction is actively held also in commercial area. Auctions represent one of ways of contract signing which is closely connected with fundamental laws of free market and expresses them more consistently. In particular it is shown in competition inherent in auctions. Such competition can cover all the areas. Use of auctions in business is caused by their convenience as the customer doesn’t search contractors. And customers also have an opportunity to make bargain with the supplier who is in other point of the country without leaving own office. It is possible to do thanks to specialized electronic resources and also by means of the digital signature allowing concluding full contracts in a digital form. Auction is dominating in commercial area and in government procurement. This procedure is the best way to promote increase in competition, offering an opportunity to reduce or raise price in real time
MODELS OF ARTICLE SANCTIONS OF THE SPECIAL PART OF CODIFIED CRIMINAL LAW FOR MINOR OFFENCE CRIMES: MODERN LAW-TECNICAL THEORY AND LEGISLATIVE PRACTICE
Authors: Tikhonova S. S. , Kokunov A. I.
Published: December 2018

Possible models of article sanctions of the special part of codified criminal law for minor offence crimes w are presented. Sanctions prescribing one main punishment are single. Sanctions prescribing several main punishments are alternative. Single sanctions can theoretically have 3 types: single sanction with imprisonment; single sanction without imprisonment with more lenient punishment; single sanction without imprisonment with more strict punishment. Alternative sanctions can be subdivided on alternative sanction with imprisonment and lowering alternative; alternative sanction with imprisonment and raising alternative. According to principle of criminal law justice crimes of various category should have various sanction models with different qualitative characteristics. On the basis of this adoption, analysis of modern legislative practice and provisions of criminal and legal doctrine recommendations about crime sanctions for minor offence are formulated. According to these recommendations minor offence crimes can be single and have more lenient punishments than imprisonment or alternative without imprisonment with the lowering alternative or with imprisonment and the lowering alternative. At the same time it is necessary to say that single sanction can include only universal type of punishment. Thus, penalty can be used for single sanctions designing of minor offence crimes.
AUTOMATION OF THE DEAN'S OFFICE FUNCTIONS IN ELECTRONIC INFORMATION-EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE SOUTHWEST STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Anikina E. I. , Babkov A. S. , Malyshev A. V.
Published: December 2018

Russian Federal State Educational Standards of 3+ generation impose serious requirements to resource support of educational and training process, including electronic information-educational environment of the University. In the Southwest State University (SWSU), a unified multimedia information and educational environment based on Internet-broadband access technologies was created; it successfully operates and keeps developing. The main concept of this environment construction is the idea of integrating data, applications, and business processes. SWSU Electronic information-educational environment (EIEE) is designed to provide information transparency of the University activities in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the sphere of education, to organize educational activities of the University and to ensure access of students and research and academic-staff of the University to information and educational resources. The main components of SWSU EIEE are: the actors of the education and training process (teachers, students, etc.), external digital library systems, internal automated information library system, “SWSU academic courses” subsystem, “Southwest State University Web portal” subsystem, and the official web site of the Southwest State University. “Southwest State University Web portal" subsystem makes it possible to automate traditional basic functions of Dean's office of the University, such as managing student conduct systems for students of Bachelor and Master Degree Programs of full-time and correspondence forms of training; recording and statistical processing of the data on students’ progress; recording students’ achievements; managing Dean's office workflow. As prescribed in Federal State Educational Standards of 3+ generation, Portal Modules are used to record the results of formative and summative assessment of students in accordance with SWSU current score rating system for learning outcomes.
THE STUDY OF POROSITY OF SINTERED SAMPLES OF COBALT-CHROMIUM ELECTROEROSION POWDERS
Authors: Ageeva E. V. , Altukhov A. Yu. , Sysoev A. A. , Osminina A. S.
Published: December 2018

One of the main requirements for powders for additive 3D technologies is the spherical shape of particles. Such particles are most densely fit into a certain space and provide the ‘fluidity’ of powder compositions in the systems of material supply with minimal resistance. In addition, the powder should contain a minimum amount of dissolved gas. The microstructure of the powder should be homogeneous and finely dispersed (with a uniform distribution of phase constituents). Based on the peculiarities of the methods of producing spherical powders in order to obtain spherical granules of regulated granularity, the electroerosion dispersion (EED) technology, which is characterized by relatively low energy costs and environmentally sound process, is proposed. The main advantage of the proposed technology is the use of waste materials as raw stuff which are much cheaper than the pure constituents used in traditional technology. In addition, this technology allows varying the granulometric composition of the resulting powder by changing electrical parameters. The objective of this work is to study the porosity of sintered samples of cobalt-chromium powders obtained for additive technologies by means of electroerosion dispersion. To implement the proposed research, wastes of the cobalt-chromium alloy of KHMS "CELLIT" grade were chosen. Distilled water and isobutyl alcohol were used as the working fluid. Electrical discharge machine to disperse conductive materials was used to produce cobalt-chromium powders. The powders are consolidated by the method of spark plasma sintering using the spark plasma sintering system SPS 25-10 (Thermal Technology, USA). The initial material was put in a graphite matrix placed under a press in a vacuum chamber. Electrodes integrated into the mechanical part of the press feed electric current to the matrix and create spark discharges between the sintered particles of the material, providing intensive interaction. The porosity was determined using Olympus GX51 optical inverted microscope with a software for quantitative image analysis. Prepared samples had no traces of structural components grinding, polishing or dying. The microsection metalographic specimen was made by the cross section (fracture) of the whole product. Based on the results of the conducted experiment aimed at studying the porosity of sintered samples from cobalt-chromium powders obtained for additive technologies by electroerosion dispersion in isobutyl alcohol, it was found that the porosity ranges from 3.19 to 6.15 %.
OPTIMIZATION OF GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION OF POWDERS MADE BY ELECTROEROSION DISPERSION OF BALL BEARING STEEL WASTE
Authors: Ageeva E. V. , Hardikov S. V. , Gorokhov A. A. , Andreeva L. P.
Published: December 2018

As practice shows, most of the methods to obtain powder materials have several disadvantages: high power consumption, environmental problems (waste water, emissions), high cost of technological equipment. Currently, one of the most promising methods for producing powder materials from the conductive waste is the method of electroerosion dispersion (EED). EED method has a relatively low energy consumption and environmental cleanliness of the process. The development of technology of making powder materials from ball bearing steel waste, and assessment of their use effectiveness requires comprehensive theoretical and experimental studies. The iImplementation of the planned measures will allow us to solve the problems of obtaining powder materials including iron based nanopowder, elimination of ball bearing steel waste and their further use and, thereby, reduce the production cost of the final product. The aim of the present paper is to optimize the granulometric composition of powders made by electroerosion dispersion of waste-bearing steel waste. Our study has experimentally determined inversely proportional relationship between average particle size of powder material and the capacity of energy discharge capacitors and the voltage on the electrodes in the reactor. It has also stated inversely proportional dependence of the average particle size of powder material on pulse repetition frequency of EED installation in the range up to 90 Hz. Further increase of energy discharge capacitors capacity leads to an increase in the average particle size of powder material. By making factorial experiment there have been determined the optimal settings for the process of powder materials production by the method of electricerosion dispersing in distilled water: the capacity of energy discharge capacitors is 58 ufd, voltage on the electrodes is 140 W, pulse repetition frequency is 140 Hz.
DIFFUSION OF HYDROGEN IN WELDED JOINTS OF STRUCTURAL STEELS
Authors: Sergeev N. N. , Sergeev A. N. , Kutepov S. N. , Gvozdev A. E. , Ageev E. V.
Published: December 2018

High-strength low-alloy steels are widely used in the construction of welded metal structures. The main advantage of these steels is good combination of strength and toughness, and weldability. However, when welding high strength low alloy steels during cooling of the weld to a temperature below 150-100 °C there may be a risk of formation of bulk crystal structures defects in the weld zone - cold cracks. It was experimentally established that one of the factors contributing to the formation of cold cracks may be the occlusion of hydrogen in the atmosphere of arc plasma in the solidifying weld metal, from which diffusion hydrogen may diffuse to different areas of the weld after cooling. Hydrogen cracking typically has a tendency to slow down i.e. cracks can occur several days after the completion of welding process. As a rule, hydrogen induced cracking occurs either in the original steel in the heat-affected zone or in the weld metal, which is important, topical and long been researched by various scientific schools. Modern technologies of high strength low alloy steels processing have significantly improved the quality of the base material by reducing the amount of carbon and impurities, which has increased the stability of weld in the heat affected zone (HAZ) to hydrogen induced cold cracking. The paper presents modern approaches to the definition of diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in welded joints of high-strength low-alloy steels. Taking into account the temperature, the gradient of chemical potential and continuity conditions there has been considered the process of mass transfer of hydrogen under the influence of diffuse inhomogeneous mediums. It has been shown that the local effects of changing pressure and chemical potential are described using the equation of generalized potential of the diffusing substance. Our paper presents analytical expressions to determine the apparent diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in different local areas of a welded joint depending on temperature.
PECULIARITIES OF NATIONAL ENERGY MARKETS REGULATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION PROCESSES
Authors: Davtyan V. S. , Vertakova Yu. V. , Plotnikov V. A.
Published: December 2018

The study aims to analyze the processes of international integration of energy markets, systematize the measures for regulatory activities in modern geopolitical conditions. The study was carried out in the course of fulfilling the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No 26.3546.2017 / PCh “Development of the Fundamentals of Analysing and Forecasting Structural and Dynamic Parameters of the Regional Economy on the Basis of Integration of Russian and World Experience of Managing Territorial Development and Modern Scientific Doctrines”. Goal and Objectives. To assess the state of the energy markets and the direction of integration processes in the energy markets, to systematize the legal foundations of energy integration in the Eurasian space, to formulate the main stages and approaches to the formation of a common gas market, to consider Armenia's experience and prospects in integration processes. Methodology. The methods of statistical, logical and system analysis are used in the work to estimate the consequences of energy integration for the EEA countries. Based on the analysis of the empirical data on the energy balances of the countries and the forecast gas balance of the Eurasian Economic Union, the directions for improving energy security are substantiated. Results.The modern world is becoming increasingly globalized and interdependent. This, along with the aggravation of political and economic rivalry associated with the gradual ‘erosion’ of the model of a unipolar world order, creates new risks for the sustainable socio-economic development of individual countries. International economic integration which allows to join the economic potentials of individual countries and, on this basis, increase their protection against risks and threats in various spheres is an instrument of neutralizing these risks. The article considers the mechanisms of mutual influence of integration processes and ensuring national energy security with the main emphasis on the formation and development of the gas market of integration groups. The article analyzes the experience of the EU and the EEU in creating uniform rules for the regulation of energy and gas markets, identifies typical problems and ways to resolve them. Measures that contribute to increasing the speed and intensity of integration processes, based on taking into account national economic interests are proposed. Conclusions. At present, effective provision of energy security for states can not be carried out outside the framework of integration processes. Cooperation within the framework of supranational integration projects form additional conditions for the development of national energy systems and increase the level of its competitiveness. At the same time, ‘gains’ from energy integration for different countries are not equivalent.
STATEHOOD OF RUSSIA 1917. - 2017: FACTS AND PARALLELS
Authors: Alontseva D. V.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the consideration of such a phenomenon as a revolution in the development of Russian statehood. The main purpose of the article is to reflect on the historical parallels of a revolution, regular shifts in the resultant political changes in the country, and the transformation of Russia’s role in the world arena. So it happened, but the statehood of Russia was built on revolutions and coups. From a historical point of view, the revolutionary actions of 1917, which brought about the collapse of Russian capitalism, are a result of the domestic political situation in Russia in those years. Such a radical transformation as a revolution is always accompanied by an uncontrolled and at the same time rapid reorientation of the entire course of the country and, hence, the predetermination of its future for the years to come. The social strata, and sometimes even whole estates, which to some extent did not suit the state of affairs within the country has always been the driving force of the revolution. The spirit of rebelliousness and emotional upheaval for his Fatherland in the years of hardships has always been in the nature of a Russian person. Any state like a structure has a critical safety margin. Russia with its rich heritage and diverse internal political currents will always be at risk of a revolution. Careful attention should be paid to the obsolescence of state structures, which, in view of their strategic importance, must be preserved. It is necessary not only to preserve the unshakable, but also to improve from considerations of temporary changes the institutions of social assistance, electivity, democracy, family values, freedom of opinions, personal inviolability, etc.
ACTUALIZATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE STATE CADASTRAL VALUATION OF LANDS IN THE KURSK REGION IN 2016
Authors: Novikova T. M. , Grankin V. F.
Published: December 2018

Cadastral valuation of real estate and its adequacy is important in terms of replenishment of the budget and legal stability in the existence of the property. The article is devoted to the question of realism of cadastral valuation of real estate objects in 2016 using as an example of land teachings of the city of Kursk. The author made a structural analysis of the components of the cadastral value. A number of problems that affect the reliability of the results are revealed. The approaches used in the implementation of the state cadastral assessment, depending on the types of permitted use. Statistical model of cadastral value calculation is shown on the example of Kursk. The main expert factors which were used in calculation of specific indicators of cadastral cost for the allocated types of the permitted use are displayed. The main factors determining, in the end, the dimension of the cadastral value are highlighted. The article reflects the analysis of a detailed study of the cadastral characteristics of the land plots, which are assigned to different types of permitted use and located in different districts of the city of Kursk. Performed a structural analysis and comparison of the cadastral characteristics of the land. The comparative criteria include: the address of the object, cadastral number, the type of permitted use, the result of cadastral valuation of land for 2016, recalculation of cadastral value based on the value of a unit of land, the appearance of the land (in order to visualize improvements). Based on the analysis of multiple data, conclusions about the need to adjust the results of cadastral valuation in respect of the objects under study, the expansion of correlation factors forming specific indicators of cadastral value.
PENSION AGE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PREVENTIVE INCREASE
Authors: Svetovtseva T. A. , Mamiy S. A. , Bochkova T. A.
Published: December 2018

Time of retirement is the lever regulating a ratio of number of able-bodied Russians and pensioners - the it is higher, the bigger number of citizens become payers, but not recipients of pension payments. In this work the perspective of increase in a retirement age as a factor of macroeconomic development of the Russian Federation is studied and also possible consequences of this increase for age category of citizens and youth are analysed. The purpose of the real work - to make assessment of efficiency of alleged raising the retirement age in our country and to predict influence of this economic lever on employment of the population. It is revealed that the indicator of a retirement age, being a peculiar lever, can and has to be applied not as the instrument of economy of budgetary funds, and first of all as the mechanism of social regulation. Influence of this measure on the state, economy and welfare of various groups of the population is considered. At the end of work conclusions are drawn on benefits and costs of alleged increase.
CALCULATION OF INTERACTIVE MINING HOLES WITH THE PURPOSE OF OPTIMIZATION OF CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS AT BUILDING OF WATER INTAKES
Authors: Shcherbakov V. I. , Akulshin A. A. , Bredikhina N. V.
Published: December 2018

Water intake facilities are an integral part of the construction industry. The choice of the water intake scheme, its operational characteristics, depend on the capital costs for the construction of the water intake, as well as the creation of better conditions for the operation of equipment and networks. The cost of these facilities is very high. Therefore, when designing them, it is necessary to choose the optimal design scheme and operating modes during the design life. Operational experience has shown that in order to ensure the most optimal conditions of water intake from an underground source, it is desirable to have a well in one line. In the calculations, the influence of wells on each other is taken into account as in group work, if the distance between them is less than two influence radii. This arrangement of wells allows to reduce the area and capital costs for the construction of water intake, as well as to create the best conditions for the operation of equipment and networks. The calculation of the group of interacting wells is to find the number of tubular wells, the distance between them, flow and levels (static and dynamic). When determining the operation modes of the combined water conduit, it is necessary to take into account the joint operation of clean water tanks and tubular wells. The diameter of the collecting water pipe must be increased, with an increase in the number of wells to be connected, and therefore an increase in the flow rate. The linear scheme of connection of wells on water intake from an underground source of water supply is the most common in the practice of construction and operation of groundwater water intakes, when wells are used as water intake devices and it is necessary to improve the quality of the water extracted from the aquifer before supplying it to the consumer. On water intakes containing a large number of wells located along the river at a certain distance from it, the calculations use a formula that allows the replacement of a real number of wells by a gallery at a rate of 1 m in length.
FALSIFICATION OF ELECTION DOCUMENTS
Authors: Degterev A. A.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the basic structure of the crime provided for in Art. 142 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which are considered debatable. This crime, in the general structure of crimes against electoral rights is about 65%. This circumstance, according to the author, indicates the social conditionality of the criminal-legal prohibition, the public danger of an act that grossly violates the conditions of the legitimacy of state power. In law enforcement practice, criminal cases are practically not initiated, which is due to a number of circumstances, including the legal uncertainty of a number of signs of the crime. The article deals with the essence of impeding the citizen's free exercise of his electoral rights and the right to participate in a referendum, violating the secrecy of voting, as well as obstructing the work of election commissions, referendum commissions or the activities of members of these commissions related to his performance of duties by falsifying election documents. As a classification feature, the author indicates the addressee of the relevant document: the voter; candidate; initiative group for holding a referendum; member of the commission with a casting vote; precinct election commission. The article provides the concept of what is referred to mandatory documents that are drawn up by the precinct election commission when carrying out actions with ballot papers. These include: an act on the receipt of ballots from a higher commission indicating their number; Act on the repayment of spoiled ballots (in the presence of such facts); an act on the conduct of voting outside the relevant premises; Act on the invalidation of ballots that were in a mobile box for voting. At the same time, the author points out that this classification has not lost its significance even at the present time. The author suggests the notion of an election document to be fixed in a note to art. 142 of the Criminal Code. The article reveals the characteristics of the main elements of the crime provided for in Art. 142 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and compared with other views of Russian scientists.
TOOL OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF THE AGRARIAN SECTOR ECONOMY OF THE REGION
Authors: Zhakhov N. V.
Published: December 2018

The development of the regions is a multifaceted process that is influenced by economic, political, social, historical, environmental, technological, demographic and other factors. Moreover, various factors, quite often, have the opposite effect on the systemic development of the region. Along with the multidirectional factors, the structure of the regional economy and, in general, its functioning differ in its variability. The peculiarity of state regulation in modern conditions is its subject-object nature and orientation to ensure systemic development, i.e. balanced development, ensuring the proportionality of the main subsystems of the regional economy, forming its structure. Within the framework of this study, the behavioral type of the structure of the regional economy, represented by groups of subjects interested in its development, is of particular interest. This fact actualizes the scientific search in the direction of the collection of means and methods of state regulation that contribute to the structural and, in general, systematic development of the regional economy. The main result of the study is the following. In order to ensure the development of the agrarian sphere as a subsystem of the regional socio-economic system, in the process of coordinated, orderly interaction of its elements aimed at raising the level and quality of life of the population and ensuring their compliance with the requirements of the current technological structures, it is necessary to use a set of state regulation instruments grouped according to the following characteristics : economic, fiscal, legal, institutional, institutional, infrastructure, administrative.
CURRENT TRENDS AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CITY PARKS
Authors: Tsurik T. O.
Published: December 2018

Greened public spaces which include urban parks transform under the influence of the growing needs of the population in qualitative, imbued with meaning, places with various functions. The new understanding of the parks, which are created on unsuitable for construction territories, wasteland and former industrial use areas, is becoming topical for modern European cuties. The trends in world park construction are considered in the article, innovative parks with an unconventional interpretation of natural materials and new filling of park areas are analyzed. The main problems of development of the urban Russian parks, among which the author emphasizes the standard approach to environment formation, lack of usability and functionality, low technical level of arrangement, lack of emotional component in composition, are explored based on comparative analysis of park spaces. Along with disadvantages, there are advantages of Russian parks: availability and opportunity of arranging city events, outdoor recreation in the city. The principles and features of ecological parks, which gain popularity in foreign and native urban planning practice, are explored. A concept of ecological park, maximally preserving natural landscape, using unpretentious plants and modern technologies of recourse consumption, is uncovered. It is proved that designing and building of the ecological park is optimal for natural systems in the city. The analysis of the state of public green spaces of the city of Kursk is presented; the ways of solving the problem of improving comfort of the urban environment are planned; the necessity to include the riverside areas into the list of improvement zones of the Municipal Program "Building a Comfortable Urban Environment" for 2018-2022 is justified.