bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO INTEGRATE A GIS-BASED ANALYSIS INTO THE DESIGN OF CULTURAL ITINERARIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF AN INTEGRATED PLAN FOR TERRITORY
Authors: Merino del Río R. , Linares Gómez del Pulgar M. , Tejedor Cabrera A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The historical concept of heritage, which mostly comprised physical architectural and archaeological evidences, has been extended to the surrounding landscape in the last decades. This tendency has been corroborated by a series of International Charters and the European Landscape Convention of 2000. Landscape, understood as the perceptible part of territory that supports the contingencies throughout history, is subject to protection, management and planning. However, some inherent aspects of territory have been disregarded because of the frantic enlargement of cities throughout the twentieth century at the expense of the rural areas. Territorial heritage, which is fundamental to cultural landscape formation, is currently considered a strategic resource able to guarantee self-sustaining development of peri-urban and rural zones. In many cases, urban investments and planning associated to the enlargement of the metropolitan areas have overlooked this fruitful territorial heritage, making cultural landscapes illegible. This is the case of the cultural landscapes in the buffer zones of the archaeological sites, which are part of a diffuse territorial heritage that requires to be assessed by means of some innovative approaches. Cultural itineraries are presented as a landscape architecture strategy for valorising territorial heritage. Well-targeted design of these itineraries can also contribute to restore the dynamics of cultural landscape formation and to regenerate peri-urban and rural areas by promoting its self-sustaining development. To that end, the conceptualisation and hypotheses posed by some authors of the Società dei Territorialisti/e are used as references. A work methodology to design cultural itineraries is suggested in line with the presumptions of an integrated plan for territory aimed to valorise the territorial heritage. This paper explores in which way a GIS-based analysis can be integrated into the design of a landscape architecture like the cultural itinerary.
THE DOCUMENTATION AND PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE DURING EMERGENCIES
Authors: Rufián Fernández F. J. , Fernández Díaz M. , Sabrine I. , Ibáñez J. J. , Claramunt-López B. , Escobar A. , González Zarandona J. A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This paper aims to highlight the importance of fast and safe documentation of the damage to cultural heritage after a natural or anthropic catastrophe, with greater relevance of civil society. In these situations, in which humanitarian aid to the population and care needs are the priorities for the local authorities, proper prior planning of data collection and their transmission may aid faster and better decision-making in an emergency. New technologies are among the most effective tools to carry out such damage assessments actions. Therefore, we are currently establishing adequate planning and training of the local civil society, through projects that aim to achieve specific goals, enhancing their capacity to protect heritage, and improving the resilience of the inhabitants after disasters. Most heritage projects that work towards the recovery and conservation of heritage after an emergency occurred do not consider the local population. Therefore, in this paper we offer an approach for heritage workers in the hope that by including the local population, the documentation of heritage destruction can lead to better methods in the future.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DOCUMENTATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE MAYA CULTURAL HERITAGE. THE PALACE OF THE GOVERNOR AT UXMAL (YUCATÁN, MEXICO)
Authors: Muñoz Cosme G. , Vidal Lorenzo C.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. One of the major challenges currently facing the architectural and archaeological heritage in subtropical World Heritage sites is its preventive conservation. Many of these sites are vulnerable to the adverse impacts of natural disasters and climate change. The risk is compounded by the fact that several of them are among the most iconic places in the world, and so they also face the threat of the excessive growth of visitors. What is more, in earlier times many were restored with unsuitable materials or using inappropriate techniques which have heightened the risk they face today. However, thanks to the new digital technologies of architectural documentation involving the use of laser scanner and photogrammetry, applied in combination with traditional systems, the current state of the buildings can be documented and evaluated thoroughly and accurately. The information obtained can help to guide the choice of the measures and actions needed to prevent, or at least minimize, future deterioration or loss. An example of a project of this kind is the documentation work we are currently carrying out at the Palace of the Governor, an exceptional 98 m long building from the Late Classic period, located in the Maya city of Uxmal (Yucatán, Mexico). The palace is situated in a prominent position on a large, elevated platform. The results of this research are the subject of this paper.
THE SUBURBAN BATHS IN POMPEII: INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES OF CONSERVATION AND DIGITAL HUMANITIES FOR AN IMPROVED USE AND PERCEPTION
Authors: Picone R. , Cappelli L.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The paper aims to examine the results of an experimental research on the enlarged fruition and “communication” of Pompeii archeological heritage. The main focus of the research were the Suburban Thermal baths in Pompeii, the ancient Roman city buried during the Vesiuvus volcano eruption in 79 a.C. The Suburban Thermal baths are located within the Insula Occidentalis, a wide area at West of the old city of Pompeii. They have been a special entrance to the archeological site since the rediscovery of the ancient city. The Thermal baths area was neglected for a long time, but then it was included in the conservation project for Porta Marina and the superintendence offices, led by Amedeo Maiuri. However, these measures didn’t lead to in-depth, systematic studies, that were to be conducted only during the early ‘2000. Nowadays, new technologies can be helpful to convey the actual value of the big archeological heritage. In fact, they represent a real asset to show any transformation or restoration work, that made the thermal baths a peculiar, stratified artefact. The historical and artistic information have been reinterpreted in a more technological, contemporary language; therefore, the visitor has the opportunity to experience a more conscious and multilayer reading of the Pompeii thermal complex. In addition, in this paper will be examined new opportunities of collection, analysis and information sharing of the case study. A special focus will vert on how the conscious use of new technologies and storytelling may be the key to understand the material and immaterial traces of the Suburban Thermal baths.
CUENCA (SPAIN), WORLD HERITAGE CITY. ANALYSIS OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
Authors: García-Soriano L. , Cristini V. , Diodato M.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This text presents a study on the city of Cuenca, carried out as part of the Project 3DPast-Living & virtual visiting European World Heritage. Nine case studies were selected within the project, when Cuenca was selected as the Spanish case study. The case studies selected had to be cases of inhabited vernacular architecture in places still preserving the traditional constructive techniques. In addition the selection was expected to cover all of Europe in some way. This is therefore a case study for a city declared World Heritage site, aiming to analyse the characteristics of vernacular architecture which have earned it the title of World Heritage Site (through different analyses and 3D methodologies), such as the management strategies currently used there, learning from those proving successful, and even showing these as an example of management for other World Heritage cities which may be encountering similar problems.
EXPERIENCES OF SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN THE RECOVERY OF VERNACULAR HERITAGE IN SOUTHERN ECUADOR
Authors: Tenze A. , Cardoso F. , Achig M. C.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Since 2011, within the framework of a research project shared between the University of Cuenca (UC) and the Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), several practical experiences were proposed and carried out in order to identify paths and actions that allow reversing a marked trend to the loss of built cultural assets, both in the rural and urban context. Most of these assets are made up of vernacular architecture built with technologies such as adobe or bahareque, which use the earth as an essential building material. From the beginning of the first intervention in Susudel (2011), it was important to carry out constant and sustained work with the respective communities and actors involved. It was necessary to inform them about the initiative, but, above all, to involve them consistently, completely and directly, throughout the process, in decision-making and in the search for solutions that were finally applied in the interventions. A comparison between all the interventions carried out from the year 2011 until 2018 show a very significant change of social involvement, both in quantity as well as in quality, with each new intervention. From an empirical and intuitive process, we have moved to a more technical, planned and structured one, based on participatory methodologies that allow a more intense and proactive involvement of communities in the search for solutions and commitments. The article analyzes the participatory process during 4 preventive conservation experiences applied in the town of Susudel and the city of Cuenca, in southern Ecuador, over the past 7 years.
THE EUROPEAN PROJECT “VERSUS+ / HERITAGE FOR PEOPLE”. OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY
Authors: Mileto C. , Vegas F. , Correia M. , Carlos G. , Dipasquale L. , Mecca S. , Achenza M. , Rakotomamonjy B. , Sánchez N.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The project “VerSus+ / Heritage for PEOPLE”, founded by the European Commission as part of the Creative Europe Culture Programme (Ref. 607593-CREA-1-2019-1-ES-CULT-COOP1) during the period 2019–2023, focuses on the transmission of knowledge to all branches of society and the general public. Its aim is to raise awareness on what constitutes the basis for the conservation of the tangible and intangible heritage as well as for a more sustainable contemporary architecture. This in-depth transmission of the lessons from vernacular heritage to future society is to be carried out in specific defined contexts, such as islands and archipelagos (geographically limited territories that are accessible to collaborators and administrative, technical and social agents), where vernacular heritage is under pressure, subjected to the transformations of contemporary life, particularly mass tourism. These pilot experiences should serve as a real testing ground for the implementation of actions for social participation, dissemination, education, communication, and promotion in different contexts and through different media. This project aims to reach out to society in order to showcase the sustainable qualities of the examples identified, through the establishment of an operative approach that can be adjusted to different contexts. The experiences on each island are expected to have repercussions throughout the region and, in turn, throughout the country in question, improving the perspectives and opportunities starting from best practices, and promoting the development of local skills. In addition, promotion and support from partners and associate partners will allow these experiences to be applied in other similar European and international contexts.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF EARTHEN ARCHITECTURE RESPONSE TO FLOODS: THE CASE OF ALZIRA (SPAIN)
Authors: Trizio F. , Mileto C. , Torrijo Echarri F. J. , Lidón de Miguel M.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Alzira, the capital of the Ribera del Júcar, has historically played a prominent role within the Comunitat Valenciana. The first settlement of the city dates back to the Moorish domination, and after the Reconquista, together with Xativa, Alcoi and Elx, it became one of the main cities of the ancient Reino de Valencia. Its architectural heritage is a witness of this remarkable past, including the glorious example of the Moorish wall, built almost entirely using the technique of rammed earth. Throughout history, the Moorish wall and the entire architectural heritage of Alzira have suffered extensive damage due to multiple factors, including neglect, wars and numerous floods. Throughout history, floods have had a significant impact on the architectural and cultural heritage of the city, as chronicled at the time, given that until the 1960s, the historic centre was surrounded by the two branches of the river Júcar. This study aims to analyse the response of earthen architecture to flooding, assessing its resilience and vulnerability through the analysis of the case of the city of Alzira and, in particular, of its historic centre. The research will therefore investigate the adaptation of earthen architecture and traditional techniques to floods. The recognition of these good practices used in the past and the establishment of a level of risk will be crucial to developing measures for the prevention and mitigation of the effects of floods, such as structural reinforcements and protective devices.
PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION OF VERNACULAR ADOBE HERITAGE LOCATED IN SEISMIC-PRONE REGIONS
Authors: Haji Sadeghi N. , Correia M. , Oliveira D. V. , Azizi-Bondarabadi H.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In general, relevant actions to retrofit heritage should be considered before the occurrence of earthquakes. This proactive approach is preferred, rather than a reactive approach in an emergency situation, following the earthquake. These preventive actions are known as disaster mitigation, risk mitigation, disaster risk management, seismic upgrading and preventive conservation. In the case of vernacular heritage, poor workmanship, lack of financial support, vast number of buildings, and the use of weak material lead to the need to conduct efforts to develop preventive conservation methods with relevant criteria. All these actions were directed to protecting vernacular heritage from multiple potential damages that could threaten this architecture in the future. In recent years, records of casualty and losses due to earthquakes reveal that seismic events can be one of the most destructive potential damages for building, especially if constructed with a weak material, such as adobe. There is little literature concerning preventive conservation of vernacular adobe buildings, which are at risk from earthquakes. Vernacular architecture needs more consideration due to the high number of vernacular dwellings worldwide but especially due to the inhabitants’ safety. Failure to recall the effects of destructive earthquakes with a large recurrent period of seismic actions, but also economic reasons lead to the neglect of these important preventive solutions. The main objective of this paper is to emphasize that a comprehensive conservation procedure related to prevention of casualties and damage of vernacular adobe heritage located in seismic-prone regions, should consider relevant principles and criteria for the conservation of cultural heritage. In the field of preventive conservation of adobe vernacular heritage located in seismic-prone regions, there is some confusion concerning the relation between the conservation process and the seismic protection process; the importance and need of conservation principles in seismic protection procedures; and also the role of the architect and of the engineer in these processes. These matters will be discussed in the current paper.
THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK OF NAVELLI (ITALY) IN THE RECONSTRUCTION PLAN: HYPOTHESIS OF ADAPTIVE REUSE
Authors: Trizio I. , De Vita M. , Ruggieri A. , Giannangeli A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This study is aimed at identifying adaptive design strategies applied to the particular contexts of the Abruzzo Region during the post-earthquake reconstruction. The area affected by the calamitous event present material and immaterial issues to be interpreted and managed according to integrated and interdisciplinary intervention methods. In this context, the Reconstruction Plans (PdR) provide the guidelines for a coherent territorial development, proposing design solutions that call for sustainability and resilience. The village of Navelli, which 10 years after the earthquake is still in a serious state of damage and abandonment, is identified in the 2013 PdR as an area to be converted into an archaeological park. The Plan prescribes by specifications on the basis of identifying values of the area whilst inspections carried out reveal a stratified, vast and remarkably heterogeneous building fabric both as regards to the level of damage and the values to be protected. From the analyzes carried out, the case study provides the opportunity for an ad hoc design methodology, identified by specific interventions that are at the same time inter-dependent and included in a complex project. The work highlights how the overall design of a public space can find an easier resolution in the integration of adaptive and reversible technologies, coherent with the sustainable development suggested by the PdR.
TYPOLOGY OF HISTORICAL HOUSES IN MUZAFFARID ERA: CASE STUDY OF ARDAKAN CITY, YAZD, IRAN
Authors: Dormohamadi M.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. MOZAFFARIDS established the Mozaffarid dynasty in Yazd, Iran. This era witnessed a development in architectural and decorative features of Yazd buildings. Ardakan, in particular, enjoyed a period of prosperity in the 14th century, which led to a flourishing growth of architectural production. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical and historical-comparative method to investigate the typology of 12 historical houses of Ardakan city in the Muzaffarid era. By using literature review and field studies, four of these houses have been studied in detail in terms of architectural and decorative features and construction methods. The results of the study show that Mozaffarid houses in Ardakan have certain and distinguishable patterns and follow a general rule. Main Iwan as an outstanding feature in Mozaffarid houses, as well as a central courtyard and a Soffeh in front of the Iwan, repeated in all houses and other parts, are formed in their surroundings. With the change in the location of the main Iwan in the northern or southern part of the central courtyard and the fact that whether or not there is a garden, significant differences in organization and the quality of spaces have been made. Mozaffarid houses in Ardakan can be described as two main types each of which can be divided into two subcategories based on the Iwan position. The knowledge of typological characteristics of these historical architecture needs to be gathered to preserve the built heritage and a comprehensive document is essential for the preservation and conservation of the houses.
Tidal Modulation of Antarctic Ice Shelf Melting
Authors: Richter Ole , Gwyther David E. , King Matt A. , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin K.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Tides influence basal melting of individual Antarctic ice shelves, but their net impact on Antarctic-wide ice-ocean interaction has yet to be constrained. Here we quantify the impact of tides on ice shelf melting and the continental shelf seas by means of a 4 km resolution circum-Antarctic ocean model. Activating tides in the model increases the total basal mass loss by 57 Gt/yr (4 %), while decreasing continental shelf temperatures by 0.04 °C, indicating a slightly more efficient conversion of ocean heat into ice shelf melting. Regional variations can be larger, with melt rate modulations exceeding 500 % and temperatures changing by more than 0.5 °C, highlighting the importance of capturing tides for robust modelling of glacier systems and coastal oceans. Tide-induced changes around the Antarctic Peninsula have a dipolar distribution with decreased ocean temperatures and reduced melting towards the Bellingshausen Sea and warming along the continental shelf break on the Weddell Sea side. This warming extends under the Ronne Ice Shelf, which also features one of the highest increases in area-averaged basal melting (150 %) when tides are included. Further, by means of a singular spectrum analysis, we explore the processes that cause variations in melting and its drivers in the boundary layer over periods of up to one month. At most places friction velocity varies at tidal timescales (one day or faster), while thermal driving changes at slower rates (longer than one day). In some key regions under the large cold-water ice shelves, however, thermal driving varies faster than friction velocity and this can not be explained by tidal modulations in boundary layer exchange rates alone. Our results suggest that large scale ocean models aiming to predict accurate ice shelf melt rates will need to explicitly resolve tides.
La exhibición de arte en la contemporaneidad. Lecturas críticas entre los 'giros temáticos' y el 'esquema constelar'
Authors: Panozzo-Zenere Alejandra , Olivari M. Cecilia
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo delinear y articular diferentes abordajes de la exposición que permiten problematizar los modos de exhibir el arte en la contemporaneidad. Dada la magnitud del desafío, se procura trazar algunos lineamientos desde el cruce de los Estudios Visuales con los enfoques teórico-críticos aplicados a la museología. Se propone una metodología cualitativa que parte de la museología de la idea (García Blanco, 1999) y se la amplía a partir de los giros temáticos de lo global (Guasch, 2016) y la noción de constelación (Benjamin, 2005; Didi-Huberman, 2008, 2011). Con esta articulación buscamos caracterizar y comparar estas propuestas museográficas que coexisten en una trama compleja y se contaminan entre sí. Si bien tenemos en claro que cada caso se pronuncia de manera específica, esta aproximación busca explorar los rasgos generales de la convivencia de estos modos de exhibir y los desafíos del tiempo presente, tomando en cuenta tanto la expansión de los límites del sistema del arte, como las incumbencias y los problemas disciplinares que allí se mixturan.
Baudelaire y Mallarmé en la poesía de Rosa Chacel, o de la extravagancia
Authors: Olmos Miguel
Published: July 2020

Baudelaire y Mallarmé inciden radicalmente en la poesía de Rosa Chacel, atenta lectora y traductora de literatura francesa tanto clásica como moderna. Ambos escritores refuerzan en ella la preferencia por las formas tradicionales, especialmente el soneto, su molde de composición predilecto. Si de la obra de Baudelaire recoge ante todo estímulos temáticos abiertos, con especial atención a cuestiones a la vez trascendentes y apegadas a la vida ordinaria, la huella de Mallarmé resulta igualmente determinante, aunque más discreta y casi furtiva. Se hace presente, más allá de deudas puntuales con pasajes, imágenes o temas, en un uso lúdico de la poesía al contacto con lo circunstancial de la vida, en el que el hermetismo que caracteriza al maestro de los simbolistas desempeña decisivas funciones.
Global Jukebox
Authors: Ismail Lizah , Bareiss Warren
Published: July 2020

The Global Jukebox (GJ) is an ambitious project initiated by the Association for Cultural Equity at New York’s Hunter College. Its main mission is to make available the extensive audio field recordings, pictures, and films studied by the legendary ethnomusicologist Alan Lomax
and his colleagues accessible to the public for study. In the current beta version, the Global Jukebox has numerous navigation issues that could challenge even the seasoned web user. The methodological basis of data collection and analysis also deservers further explication. However, despite
these weaknesses, there is much to be said for what GJ offers users. Whether spending hours moving around regions song by song or exploring familial cultural roots, users will be inspired to learn about the respective cultures and musical forms, thus fulfilling GJ’s education mission.
Poverty, Philanthropy and Social Conditions in Victorian Britain
Authors: Behrend Dawn
Published: July 2020

Poverty, Philanthropy and Social Conditions in Victorian Britain published by Adam Matthew Digital is comprised of primary digital materials culled from three major archives in Britain and the UK focused on the experience of poverty in Victorian Britain and efforts involving economic,
government, and social reform such as the Poor Law, workhouses, settlement houses, and philanthropic initiatives. Content is derived from the National Archives at Kew, British Library, and Senate House Library and includes pamphlets, correspondence, newspaper clippings, books, and other resources.
A small portion of the collection utilizes Adam Matthew Digital’s Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) to enable keyword searching of handwritten documents. The digitized images and documents are clear, searchable, and user-friendly to access, save, and share. Contract provisions are standard
to the product with authenticated access across institutional locations and guidelines for Interlibrary Loan sharing. Pricing is determined by institutional size and enrollment. While the product is a one-time purchase, annual hosting fees apply for ongoing access. Content is currently heavily
derived from one archive, the Senate House Library, with pamphlets from this source making up nearly half of the total holdings. Users seeking access to a more extensive collection of similar material may prefer subscribing to JSTOR which includes JSTOR 19th Century British Pamphlets with
over 26,000 pamphlets along with secondary scholarly journals and eBooks on the Victorian era. While not providing the primary sources of Poverty, Philanthropy and Social Conditions in Victorian Britain or JSTOR, Historical Abstracts may be an alternative resource in providing access to notable
scholarly resources on the period.
An Exploratory Study of the University of Oxford Tutorial Method Regarding Its Relationship to Learner Autonomy
Authors: Ponton Michael K. , Carr Paul B.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine the degree to which the tutorial method used with bachelor’s and master’s students at the University of Oxford promotes constructs (e.g., desire, resourcefulness, initiative, persistence, and self-efficacy) associated with learner autonomy. As learner autonomy—subsumed under the general field of self-directed learning—has been studied and posited as being an important goal of higher education that can support personally-chosen trajectories long after graduation, instructional methods that promote this psychological undergirding of human agency are needed. The findings reveal a development of actual learning and study skills; however, in support of learner autonomy, the findings reveal a development of self-efficacy in these same skills as well as in learner independence, which is critical to engaging in autonomous learning activities.
Digital Practices & Applications in a Covid-19 Culture
Authors: Romero-Ivanova Christina , Shaughnessy Michael , Otto Laura , Taylor Emily , Watson Emma
Published: July 2020

This article addresses reflections of one University instructor’s teaching and her pre-teacher education students’ innovative digital learning practices during the Covid-19 pandemic in Spring 2020. The question of How has one instructor embedded digital practices in her virtual teaching to engage and purposefully introduce and connect pre-teacher education students with diverse technologies and multimodalities of learning during a mandatory virtual instruction time? will be addressed and discussed.

Student-centered practices such as group work, pair work, the use of Zoom breakout rooms, and multimodal literary responses through technology applications such as Flipgrid and Google Docs will be described and reflected upon. The instructor’s own teaching practices that have included weekly mentoring meetings with her education students and continuing individual coffee meetings in diverse settings will be highlighted as ways of demonstrating care and encouragement toward face-to-face students who have been transitioned as online students. The reflections outlined in this abstract draw upon the notion of technologies as providers of active interactions and will include snapshots of an instructors’ students’ digital artifacts such as Flipgrid, video-recorded monologues, and Google Doc news stories with students reflecting on the uses of multimodal technologies in their own future teaching practices. This manuscript will also include student reflections and a sidebar of suggestions for using Zoom with virtual teaching.
Cetacean sightings in Puerto Rican waters: including the first underwater photographic documentation of a minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
Authors: Rodriguez-Ferrer Grisel , Reyes Roberto , Hammerman Nicholas M. , García-Hernández Jaaziel E.
Published: July 2020

Opportunistic encounters by experts and the public (i.e. fishermen, tourists) can be great assets to understanding cetacean distribution, especially in areas where surveys are limited. Sightings of Puerto Rican pelagic cetaceans have been reported in the past, with known seasonality in some species. Within this report, we document sightings for eight species, report new monthly distributions for three of these species, as well as the presence of rough-toothed dolphins close to the coast, and the first underwater sighting of a minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) off San Juan, Puerto Rico. Unfortunately, the lack of long-term studies due to limited funding and resources has been an obstacle in determining species diversity and overall health of cetacean populations. However, this note provides evidence that collaboration between marine biologists and citizen-based science is possible and desired, and serves as a valuable resource to protect and conserve native, pelagic, and transient cetacean species around Puerto Rican waters.
The Role of Genexpert in the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Sasikumar Chinnu , Utpat Ketaki , Desai Unnati , Joshi Jyotsna
Published: July 2020

Introduction: GeneXpert (GX) is a novel, integrated, cartridge-based, nucleic acid amplification test with an established role for rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and detection of rifampicin resistance. Aim: To evaluate the role of GX in pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases. Material and methods: A prospective study was conducted in the pulmonary medicine department of a tertiary care hospital after the Ethics Comittee permission. Data of 257 presumptive TB patients was retrieved for GX, acid fast bacilli smear and cul-ture (AFB smear and culture) and drug susceptibility test (DST). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) of GX in diagnosis and determination of rifampicin resistance in pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB cases were calculated and compared with culture and DST results. Results: Our study included 132 pulmonary and 125 extrapulmonary cases. On the basis of clinicoradiological and microbiological correlation, diagnosis of TB was confirmed in 104 pulmonary and 103 extrapulmonary cases. Out of a total of 104 pulmonary TB cases, 73 were rifampicin-sensitive and 31 were rifampicin-resistant cases. 103 extrapulmonary TB patients included 66 rifampicin-sensitive and 37 rifampicin-resistant cases. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of GX in diagnosis and detection of rifampicin resistance in pulmonary TB was 95%, 93%, 98%, 84% and 96%, 100%, 100%, 96%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of GX in diagnosis and detection of rifampicin resistance in extrapulmonary TB cases was 79%, 86%, 96%, 47% and 97%, 95%, 97%, 95%, respectively. Conclusions: GX results are superior to smear microscopy and comparable to culture with shorter turnaround time.We recom-mend using it in routine TB diagnosis as this will expedite the management of patients with presumptive TB.
A Study on the Effect of Intraoperative Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) on the Postoperative Pulmonary Function in Overweight Patients Undergoing Lower Limb, Lower Abdominal or Vaginal Surgeries under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Munaf Mamatha , Rajeswari Chitra , Manju Rajaram , Balachander Hemavathi
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia, supine position and higher BMI are risk factors for pulmonary atelectasis. NIV, PEEP and CPAP are employed in ICU’s to treat atelectasis postoperatively. However, we wanted to investigate whether CPAP was protective against atelectasis when used intraoperatively, in high risk patients. Material and methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. Overweight patients, who were to undergo surgeries under spinal anesthesia were included in the study. After informed consent, 126 patients underwent preoperative pulmonary function tests (PFT: FEV1, FVC, PEFR). Following the onset of spinal anaesthesia patients were randomised into group E (n = 63, received CPAP) and control group, group C ( n =63, received nil intervention). Postoperative PFT was done at 20 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours after surgery. Patients were followed up till discharge for pulmonary complications. Results: We observed significant reduction in pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC and PEFR) postoperatively compared to base-line. CPAP group had better pulmonary function when compared to control group, the difference being significant 20 minu-tes after the surgery (p < 0.05). No postoperative pulmonary complication was reported among the 126 patients studied. Conclusion: Intraoperative use of CPAP in overweight patients undergoing surgeries under spinal anaesthesia could be beneficial in improving pulmonary function in the immediate post-operative period.
Treatment of Acute Respiratory Failure in the Course of COVID-19. Practical Hints from the Expert Panel of the Assembly of Intensive Care and Rehabilitation of the Polish Respiratory Society
Authors: Czajkowska-Malinowska Malgorzata , Kania Aleksander , Kuca Paweł , Nasiłowski Jacek , Skoczyński Szymon , Sokołowski Rafał , Śliwiński Paweł
Published: July 2020

In 2019, a pandemic began due to infection with a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. In many cases, this coronavirus leads to the development of the COVID-19 disease. Lung damage in the course of this disease often leads to acute hypoxic respiratory failure and may eventually lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Respiratory failure as a result of COVID-19 can develop very quickly and a small percent of those infected will die because of it. There is currently no treatment for COVID-19, therefore the key therapeutic intervention centers around the symptomatic treatment of respiratory failure. The main therapeutic goal is to main-tain gas exchange, mainly oxygenation, at an appropriate level and prevent the intensification of changes in the lung parenchyma. Depending on the severity of hypoxemia different techniques can be used to improve oxygenation. Medical staff dealing with COVID-19 patients should be familiar with both, methods used to treat respiratory failure and the epidemiological risks arising from their use. In some patients, conventional (passive) oxygen therapy alone is sufficient. In patients with worsening respiratory failure high flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) may be effective. The continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) methods can be used to a limited extent. With further disease progression, invasive ventilation must be used and in special situations, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can also be administered. The authors of this article set themselves the goal of presenting the most current knowledge about the epidemiology and patho-physiology of respiratory failure in COVID-19, as well as the methods of its treatment. Given the dynamics of the developing pandemic, this is not an easy task as new scientific data is presented almost every day. However, we believe the knowledge contained in this study will help doctors care for patients with COVID-19. The main target audience of this study is not so much pneumonologists or intensivists who have extensive experience in the application of the techniques discussed here, but rather doctors of other specializations who must master new skills in order to help patients during the time of a pandemic.
Non-Invasive Ventilation in Patients with an Altered Level of Consciousness. A Clinical Review and Practical Insights
Authors: Gonçalves Gil , Saeed Haitham , Abdelrahim Mohamed , Harb Hadeer , Madney Yasmin M. , Eng Kevin , Karim Habib MR , El-Khatib Mohamad , Mina Bushra , Skoczyński Szymon , Sarc Irena , Caldeira Vânia , Cabral Sara M. , Cabrita Bruno , Guia Miguel , Duan Jun , Barjaktarevic Igor , Fiorentino Giuseppe , Piervincenzi Edoardo , Köksal Güniz , Sarin Sibel O. , Papadakos Peter J. , Bayrakci Benan , Hadda Vijay , Laier-Groeneveld Gerhard , Burns Karen EA , Scala Raffaele , Alcaraz Andres C. , Esquinas Antonio
Published: July 2020

Non-invasive ventilation has gained an increasingly pivotal role in the treatment of acute hypoxemic and/or hypercapnic respira-tory failure and offers multiple advantages over invasive mechanical ventilation. Some of these advantages include the preserva-tion of airway defense mechanisms, a reduced need for sedation, and an avoidance of complications related to endotracheal intubation. Despite its advantages, non-invasive ventilation has some contraindications that include, among them, severe encephalopathy. In this review article, the rationale, evidence, and drawbacks of the use of noninvasive ventilation in the context of hypercapnic and non-hypercapnic patients with an altered level of consciousness are analyzed.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is Associated with a Higher Level of Serum Uric Acid. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Rujirachun Pongprueth , Charoenngam Nipith , Ungprasert Patompong
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Recent studies have suggested that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may have a higher level of serum uric acid compared with individuals without COPD, although the data are still limited. The current systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize all available data. Material and methods: A systematic review was performed using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from their inception to July 2019. Studies that were eligible for the meta-analysis must have consisted of two groups of participants, patients with COPD and individuals without COPD. The eligible studies must have reported either mean or median level of serum uric acid and its standard deviation (SD) or interquartile range of participants in both groups. Mean serum uric acid level and SD of participants in both groups were extracted from each study and the mean difference (MD) was calculated. Pooled MD was then computed by combining MDs of each study using random effects model. Results: A total of eight studies with 1,612 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the data analysis. The serum uric acid level among patients with COPD was significantly higher than individuals without COPD with the pooled MD of 0.91 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.45–1.38; I2 = 89%). Conclusions: The current study found a significantly higher level of serum uric acid among patients with COPD than individuals without COPD.
Effectiveness of Osimertinib in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma in Clinical Practice—The Expanded Drug Access Program in Poland
Authors: Knetki-Wróblewska Magdalena , Kowalski Dariusz , Czyżewicz Grzegorz , Bryl Maciej , Wrona Anna , Dziadziuszko Rafał , Kieszko Robert , Milanowski Janusz , Świniuch Daria , Ramlau Rodryg , Chmielowska Ewa , Krzakowski Maciej
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Osimertinib is a third-generation, irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in prospective clinical trials. Material and methods: This retrospective analysis evaluated the outcomes of 32 pretreated patients with EGFR T790M mutation who received osimertinib in clinical practice at seven centers in Poland within the Expanded Drug Access Program. Osimertinib was used in the second line in 59% of patients and in later lines in 41%. Results: Objective response was attained in 16 patients (50%), and 12 subjects (38%) had stable disease. Median progression -free survival was 11.3 months in the overall population, 12.6 months in patients with EGFR exon 19 mutation and 7.5 months in patients with EGFR exon 21 mutation (p = 0.045). Median overall survival (OS) was 18.3 months. Overall, 58.4% and 45.6% of patients remained in follow-up after 12 and 24 months, respectively. Median OS appeared longer for patients without cerebral metastases than for those with cerebral metastases (27.4 vs. 9.4 months, respectively; p = 0.078), and for patients with the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0–1 than those with ECOG PS 2 (27.4 vs. 11.8 months, respectively; p = 0.189), although neither result reached statistical significance. Median OS of patients with partial response, stable disease and progressive disease was 27.4, 12.7 and 4.5 months, respectively (p < 0.001). Age, comorbidities, line of treatment with osimertinib, and type of activating EGFR mutation did not impact on OS. Adverse events of any grade or grade 3/4 were reported in 38% and 9% of patients, respectively. One person discontinued due to interstitial pneumonia. Conclusion: These results confirm the value of osimertinib in patients with previously treated EGFR T790M-mutant NSCLC. Clinical benefit was evident in patients with cerebral metastases and moderate performance status.
Tumors of the right atrium and the inferior vena cava operated in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
Authors: Pietrzyk Edward , Jelonek Olga , Gorczyca Iwona , Bryk Piotr , Wożakowska-Kapłon Beata , Głuszek Stanisław
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Tumors which most frequently metastasize to the heart include: malignant melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia, lymphomas and esophageal cancer.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper was clinical analysis of a group of patients operated in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest due to tumors of the right atrium and the inferior vena cava.
Material and method: The study covered 7 patients operated at the Cardiac Surgery Clinic with a cardiac tumor diagnosed on the basis of an echocardiographic assessment in the years 2012–2019. Before qualifying for surgical treatment, each patient underwent: thorough interview and physical examination, 12-lead ECG, laboratory tests and echocardiography. Patients additionally underwent: computed tomography of the chest or abdomen, magnetic resonance imaging and coronary angiography on the basis of which patients with significant coronary artery changes underwent simultaneous coronary artery bypass graft. After preparation, the tumor was excised from the vena cava and right atrium with simultaneous removal of the primary tumor, most often kidney cancer. Early and distant results of treatment were analyzed in the examined group of patients to determine the following endpoints: hospital mortality and survival after surgery: after 3 months and 12 months.
Results: Of all operated patients: 2 individuals died in the early postoperative period due to hemorrhagic complications (hospital mortality - 28.6%), and 5 patients (71.4%) were discharged from the Clinic in a good general condition. In total, 3-month survival was 71.4%, and 12-month survival amounted to 28.6%.
Conclusions: Surgeries are very complex and challenging, and usually take on average 8-10 hours. It can improve the outcomes of palliative oncological treatment, better physical function (cardiovascular fitness) and extend life from several months to several years in more than 2/3 patients.
Análise de Sentimentos em Tweets: um Estudo de Caso sobre os cortes de orçamentos nas IFEs
Authors: Lima Danielly Rayanne M. , O e Silva Raissa Ohana F. , Medeiros Álvaro Getúlio , Alves André Luiz
Published: July 2020

Compreender as opiniões dos cidadãos, principalmente por parte dos governantes, é fundamental para a tomada de decisões. No entanto, com a diversidade de mídias sociais e consequente geração de grande volume de dados, analisar essas informações de forma manual é uma tarefa difícil de ser realizada. Este trabalho tem por objetivo construir um classificador de sentimentos capaz de analisar as opiniões de forma automática envolvendo tweets sobre os cortes orçamentário realizados pelo governo brasileiro no primeiro semestre de 2019. Para isso, quatro técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina para classificação de textos foram comparadas, onde a técnica que usa redes neurais obteve o melhor resultado com acurácia de 80%.
O uso consciente da tecnologia como elemento essencial para uma inclusão sociodigital efetiva
Authors: Carbonera Silvana Maria , De Jesus Andreia , Kutzke Alexander Robert , Ferreira Izabel Do Rocio Costa
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo provocar reflexões acerca do uso consciente de tecnologias como um elemento essencial para uma inclusão sociodigital efetiva. Para tanto, os autores iniciaram as reflexões analisando suas práticas extensionistas em projetos de inclusão sociodigital e fundamentando-as com base científica. Com o fechamento dessas primeiras reflexoes, foi possível delinear um conceito previo do que é o uso consciente de tecnologias. Além disso, dentre possíveis perspectivas futuras de pesquisa sobre o tema, vislumbrou-se como um dos pontos de partida o seguinte questionamento: como sistematizar processos de aprendizagem que promovam o uso consciente de tecnologias?
Impactos das redes sociais digitais na saúde mental de adolescentes e jovens
Authors: Souza Karlla , Cunha Mônica
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo examinar os impactos das redes sociais digitais na saúde mental dos adolescentes e jovens. Esta pesquisa exploratória apresenta uma abordagem mista, composta por duas etapas. A etapa qualitativa envolveu a aplicação de questionários a cinco psicólogos. Por sua vez, a etapa quantitativa consistiu em um survey com 566 adolescentes e jovens. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram que há relação entre a dependência tecnológica e a saúde psicológica de adolescentes e jovens. E serviram para respaldar a proposta de um aplicativo voltado para auxiliar professores e psicólogos escolares na detecção de indícios de problemas psicológicos neste público-alvo.
Sozialdemokratie und Gewerkschaften: Eine besondere Verbindung
Authors: Schroeder Wolfgang
Published: July 2020

Die besondere Verbindung zwischen Sozialdemokratie und Gewerkschaften ergibt sich durch die gemeinsame Herkunft aus der Arbeiterbewegung. Mit dem Ende der klassischen Arbeiterbewegung ist auch die politische Relevanz dieses Verhältnisses schwieriger und volatiler geworden. Dieser Beitrag vertritt die These, dass die gewachsene Distanz sich nicht allein dadurch erklären lässt, ob sich die SPD in der Oppositionsrolle befindet oder Regierungsverantwortung (mit) trägt. Vielmehr sind dafür neben auseinanderdriftenden sozialstrukturellen Interessen eine pluralistischer gewordene Parteienkonkurrenz von mittlerweile vier Sozialstaatsparteien sowie eine gewachsene institutionelle Komplexität, die in den parteipolitischen und gewerkschaftlichen Arenen existiert, verantwortlich.