bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary study: the use of sugarcane juice to replace white sugar in an effort to overcome diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ayuningtyas R A , Wijayanti C , Hapsari N R P , Sari B F P , Subandi
Published: May 2020

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, continues to increase. One of the characteristic type 2 diabetes mellitus is insulin resistance, which caused by lack of trivalent chromium. This is occurred because the habits of the people, who consume white sugar more than brown sugar or sugarcane juice. Refining process will eliminate the mineral content in white sugar. Mineral content in white sugar is assumed to be lower than brown sugar or sugarcane juice. Consuming sugarcane juice as a substitute for white sugar is also thought to be able to increase the level of chromium in the body’s cells. It will be publicly accepted in organoleptic. The purpose of this study are to compare the levels of chromium in sugar and sugarcane juice, to know level of chromium in the blood and urine of healthy and diabetes mellitus patients before and after consuming sugarcane juice and to know the level of consumers’ preference to the flavour of white sugar compared to sugarcane juice. Samples of sugarcane juice and white sugar products were obtained from a sugar factory in Java. Determination of chromium content was carried out by dry destruction using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Organoleptic test was performed using a preference test of 30 untrained respondents. The results had shown that the chromium levels in sugarcane juice were 35 times higher than in white sugar has; sugarcane juice consumption for one month apparently can increase the levels of chromium (both in the blood and in the urine of people) but increased level in diabetes mellitus patients higher than healthy people; and in the terms of the taste, the average respondents’ preferences for sugarcane juice and white sugar is the same. This preliminary study showed that sugarcane juice is potential to overcome diabetes mellitus type 2.
Antibacterial activity of cocoa pod husk phenolic extract against Escherichia coli for food processing
Authors: Diniardi E M , Argo B D , Wibisono Y
Published: May 2020

Cocoa pod husk (CPH) which is a waste of cocoa plantation contains phenolic compounds which can be used as antibacterial agents. Phenolic compounds in CPH include phenolic acids, flavonoids and flavones. The aim of this study was to analyze the antibacterial activity of CPH extract whis was extracted by using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. Extraction using 96% ethanol solvent with a ratio of 1:4, 1:6 and 1:8 (w/v) for 2, 3 and 4 minutes, respectively. The extraction results with the highest total phenolic content were tested their antibacterial activity using a disk diffusion method at an extract concentration of 5, 7.5, 10 mg/mL and 15 mg/mL with three replications, respectively. The highest total phenolic content of 453 mg GAE/g dry extract was obtained from MAE treatment with a solvent ratio of 1:4 (w/v) for 4 minutes. The results of the antibacterial activity of extracts against Escherichia coli showed that inhibitory zones had formed at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. The width of the inhibition zone increases as the concentration of extract increases.
Drying kinetics and physical changes of osmotically pretreated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) slice
Authors: Hawa L C , Khoirunnida F L , Sumarlan S H
Published: May 2020

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is world’s main crops that owing poor storability characteristic in unprocessed state due to high water content. One of most widely used preservation method for vegetables such as potato is drying process with steam blanching and osmotic dehydration as pretreatment. Blanching and osmotic dehydration pretreatment are used for reducing water content as well as enhance dried product quality by immersing the product into hypertonic solution. In present study, potato slice blanched by steam for 3 min then soaked into three different type of salt as osmotic agent, i.e. NaCl, KCl and CaCl2 with different concentration (10, 15, and 20% (v/v)). The drying process was conducted using hot air dryer at 40°C for 4 h. The results indicated that higher concentration of hypertonic solution give greater water loss and solid gain value. The initial water content of pretreated potato slice was significantly decreased due to osmotic dehydration compared to non pretreated slices. The final potato slice water content with 10% KCl of pretreatment was slightly lower than other pretreatment combination. The drying rate of potato slices with 10 and 20% of CaCl were the lowest rate with almost similar pattern. Pretreatment with 10% CaCl was considered as the most effective pretreatment in terms of better surface color and minimum shrinkage of potato slice. The microscopy image showed that starch granules of potato were spread and invisible due to starch gelatinization. The appearance of cell wall was not clear with less shrinkage of potato microstructure.
The characteristics of corn silk (Zea mays L.) herbal drinks tea with vacuum drying method as antioxidant
Authors: Laeliocattleya R A , Martati E , Alwi A N S , Aulia L P , Yunianta
Published: May 2020

The demand for antioxidant beverages made from herbs in the community increases due to the increasing number of types diseases caused by free radicals. One type of potential herbs as antioxidant is corn silk, in the form of corn silk herbal drinks tea. The basic ingredients for making herbal tea drinks is the dried corn silk. However, the temperature and drying time was found to affect the characteristics of herbal tea drinks produced. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature and drying time with vacuum drying method on the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of corn silk herbal tea. This study used Randomized Block Design with 3 replications and 2 Factor. Factor 1 is drying temperature (40°C, 50°C and 60°C) and Factor 2 is drying time (3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours). Each sample was then analysed the bioactive compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids) and antioxidant activity. The study found that the higher of drying temperature resulted on higher phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Conversely, drying time showed a declining trend. The best treatment was found from the combination of drying temperature at 60°C with 4 hours drying time, giving the total phenolics of 11.68 mg GAE/g, flavonoids of 6.47 mg QE/g and antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 278.1 ppm, respectively.
Preparation of unsaponifiable fraction from crude palm oil: a short review
Authors: Firsta N C , Mentari R D , Salafiah E S , Estiasih T
Published: May 2020

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is one of vegetable oil obtained by extracting palm fruit mesocarp and has a red color because of the high content of beta carotene. Other bioactive ingredients in CPO include Vitamin E, squalene, and phytosterol found in the unsaponifiable fraction. To obtain multi-component bioactive, a saponification and extraction process is needed. Saponification generally uses strong bases, there are sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The use of sodium hydroxide as a base catalyst can produce vitamin E and phytosterol which is higher than potassium hydroxide. The use of potassium hydroxide as a base catalyst is able to produce higher yields, beta carotene, and squalene compared to sodium hydroxide.
Effect of concentration of porang flour and temperature on rheological properties of tomato ketchup
Authors: Mubarok A Z , Ananda F Y
Published: May 2020

The rheological properties of fluid and semisolid foodstuffs is important in the design of flow processes in the quality control, storage stability, and in understanding and designing texture of the product. The viscosity of tomato ketchup is one of the major quality components for consumer acceptance. The tomato ketchup is a semisolid material, which obtain its viscosity from naturally occurring pectic substances in fruits. Enzymatic degradation, pectic/protein interaction, pulp content, and homogenization process may affect the consistency of tomato product. These inconsistencies may be diminished by the addition of hydrocolloids. In this study, the flow properties of tomato ketchup were evaluated upon addition of different concentrations of porang flour (0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75%) and in various temperatures (25, 35, 45 and 55 °C). The flow behaviour was characterized by fitting the experimental data of each formulations to the power-law and Herschel-Bulkley model. The Arrhenius equation was used to describe the effects of temperature on the apparent viscosity of the tomato ketchup formulations. The temperature dependency was assessed to evaluate the stabilizing effect of different concentrations of porang flour on tomato ketchup. Increasing porang flour concentration in tomato ketchup resulted in a decline of the activation energy.
Coconut shell-liquid smoke production based on the redistillation-filtration technology and its characterisation
Authors: Putranto A W , Oktaviani A , Puspaningarum F P , Sukardi
Published: May 2020

The utilization of coconut shell waste into liquid smoke has been carried out in recent years. However, the conventional technology that has been applied before only able to produce coconut shell-liquid smoke (CS-LS) in grade C. Whereas the further processing is needed to produce a higher quality of CS-LS into grade A. Hence, the aim of this study is to produce CS-LS based on the redistillation-filtration technology and analysed on its physical and chemical characterisation. The characteristic of CS-LS was analysed not only in physical parameters like yields, pH and density, but also identified of chemical compounds by using GC-MS method. The result showed that the redistillation and filtration technology produce CS-LS grade A and grade C was 2.17% and 0.83% respectively. The CS-LS grade A has pH and density value better than CS-LS grade C and inline with the SmokEz Enviro-23 standard. The CS-LS grade A was composed of 4 main chemical components such as phenolic, alkoxy, cycloacene, and furan compounds. While the CS-LS grade C was composed of 6 main chemical component such as phenolic, carbonyl, acid, alkoxy, ester and cycloalkene compounds. Although CS-LS grade C has more chemical compounds, CS-LS grade A has the highest phenolic compounds which is suitable to be produced commercially as a natural food preservative. Therefore, the application of redistillation-filtration technology in CS-LS production, potentially applied to SMEs or CS-LS industries in Indonesia.
Pandan leaf powder: characteristics and its application in Pandan sponge cake making
Authors: Murtini E S , Yuwono S S , Setyawan H Y , Nadzifah N
Published: May 2020

The unique scent of Pandan leaves is commonly used in traditional food processing. The scent is derived from fresh leaves which become waste after being used. Following the zero-waste concept, this research aimed to convert Pandan leaves into a powder so that it can be fully utilised. This research specifically characterised the Pandan’s powder from various means of drying and obtained the preferred concentration for the making of Pandan sponge cake. The powder was made by using Fresh Pandan leaves that were dried at 40 and 50°C in cabinet dryer, vacuum oven and freeze dryer. The dried leaves were then processed into a powder. The Pandan powder with concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% was added to the Pandan sponge cake formulation. The pandan powder contained 7.9-10.65% moisture, 70.05-161.63 mg/L total chlorophyll and 17.69-23.46% fibre. The best treatment was obtained from Pandan sponge cake with the addition of 2.5% Pandan leaf powder which dried in the cabinet dryer at 40°C for 6 h. The Pandan sponge cake contained 60.30% carbohydrate, 12.73% protein, 5.28% fat, 20.24% water, 1.45% ash, 0.032% sodium and 6.38% crude fibre. The Pandan sponge cake showed pore size of 0.022 mm2, hardness of 603.2 g, cohesiveness of 0.47, springiness of 6.37 mm, with organoleptic score of aroma and colour 5.71 and 5.65 (out of 7). Pandan leaf in powder form is potential to be developed as a food ingredient, because it still provides aroma, contains chlorophyll and fibre, and complies with zero waste concept.
Evaluation of post-harvest coffee to conform with good manufacturing practices (GMP) to develop entrepreneurship
Authors: Prajogo U , Lutfi M , Liana Y , Adi S
Published: May 2020

Coffee has good prospects in agroindustry despite overproduction worldwide. Indonesia is ranked 4th in the world ’s main coffee producer after Brazil, Vietnam, and Colombia. One of the regencies of coffee-producer regions is Ngawi Regency which is located on the slopes of Lawu Mount. Coffee quality is the main criterion to compete with other coffee producers. The way to improve the quality of Indonesian coffee is by upgrading post-harvest handling processes. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the process of post-harvest coffee to conform with GMP (Good Manufacturing Practises) to develop farmers entrepreneurship. The research respondents were 50 coffee farmers obtained by purposive sampling method. The results showed that coffee farmers in Ngrambe Subdistrict, Ngawi District, use the dry process in the process of stripping coffee beans (81.35%). The quality of the coffee picking process is low (53.62%). Generally, coffee farmers do not sort (71.23%). The coffee storage process is also low (52.35%). The efforts required to follow up this research including the dissemination of post-coffee harvest technology that is in accordance with GMP. Furthermore, it can improve the competitive advantages of the product.
Green productivity analysis of tempeh chips production
Authors: Septifani R , Astuti R , Akbar R N
Published: May 2020

Tempe chips is one of the specialities foods of Malang City. An increase in number of domestic tourists in a particular region has contributed in increasing the demand of this kind of specialities food. The purposes of this research were to measure the productivity value, determine several improvement strategic alternatives, and estimate the influence of selected alternative to a better productivity. A suitable approach to help the SMEs to increase productivity and reduce environmental impact is the Green Productivity Method. Green Value Stream Mapping (GVSM) was also used to identify green waste. Green Productivity Index (GPI) of current tempeh chips production was only 0.28 (low). Alternatives were prepared to overcome several green waste problems. The results of the study showed that the most significant waste (sequentially) came from the frying process (emission), seasoning making process (wastewater), and packaging process (solid waste). There were three improvement alternatives to increase productivity values, namely: standardisation of packaging weight into 100 g/package, a blower usage only during frying process, and measurement of water consumption in seasoning process. Selection of best improvement alternative is done by using pairwise comparison method. The findings also confirmed that the alternative with the highest GPI were standardisation of packaging weight (0.30). The application of green productivity might be implemented because it could improve the economic value to be 2.48, and environmental impact (GPI future to be 0.30 and GPI ratio to be 1.08). Future studies could measure productivity with other methods such as Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR).
Sustainability risk management in the agri-food supply chain: literature review
Authors: Choirun A , Santoso I , Astuti R
Published: May 2020

Maintaining an effective risk management procedure can counterbalance a critical effect on supply chains. The Agri-food supply chain has characteristics that are unique and complex if compared with a conventional supply chain. Sustainability risk management in the supply chain is the key to a competitive organisation in the long term. The aim of this paper is to review current research on sustainable risk management in the Agri-food industry chain. These reviews were arranged in steps systematically, ranging from searching related to review of supply chain sustainability risk management (SCSRM), reviewing the general framework of SCSRM and the framework of Agri-food SCSRM. Selection of literature review papers in the period 2010-2019, and obtained 30 papers. Risk aspects were analysed using a multi-dimensional approach (economic, social, environmental, technical, and institutional) that influences the sustainability of the Agri-food industry. The results show that there are few studies focusing on risk management to achieve a sustainable supply chain system. Some studies only focus on Triple Bottom Line elements (economic, social, and environmental). Sometimes, these studies do not consider risks from other elements such as technical and institutional aspects that can be influence the sustainability of the Agri-food industry. Technical aspects such as the reliability of technological systems and institutional aspects as policymakers support sustainability in a business process. The contribution of this paper is to provide an initial theoretical framework to guide researchers in analysing risk through a multi-dimensional approach to sustainability.
The risk assessment analysis of corn chips supply chain using Fuzzy FMEA
Authors: Mustaniroh S A , Murod F A I K , Silalahi R L R
Published: May 2020

Lembah Hijau is one of the SMEs which produces corn chips in Lamongan District. This SME cooperates with corn farmers and retailers who joined the supply chain of corn chips. The uncertainty of the maize cropping pattern, the production process that depends on weather conditions, and the demand for fluctuating corn chips are the factors that can trigger a variety of risks. The research objective was to identify and assess the risk of corn chips’ supply chain in Lembah Hijau and to mitigate the risks. The method used to assess the risk is Fuzzy Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) by using the questionnaires which were filled by five expert respondents. The raw material, production process and marketing are the variables that will be reviewed. The results showed that by identifying the risk of corn chip supply chain, 14 risks consisting of 3 risks in the raw material variable, 6 risks in the production process variable and 5 risks in the marketing variables were found. Based on the highest Fuzzy Risk Priority Number value of raw material variable, the risk found was the fluctuation of corn price. Meanwhile, the risk in the production process variable was the weather conditions that do not support the production process and the risk in the marketing variable was the return of corn chips product.
Concept of halal food development to support halal tourism: a review
Authors: Addina F N , Santoso I , Sucipto
Published: May 2020

Muslims increasingly represent an influential consumer segment in the tourism and the fastest growing in the global travel industry. For Muslim tourists, halal food is essential during traveling. In the context of halal food tourism, halal and haram describe each of what is allowed or not to be consumed by Muslims in the Qur’an and the Prophet’s Hadith. It is essential to develop halal food in restaurants and food souvenirs to attract travel in halal tourism destinations. This review aims to identify factors in the development of restaurants and food souvenirs to increase halal tourism. In this paper, a systematic review was adopted as the principal methodology for surveying and analyzing the latest literature. Symbols, utilities, and sensory are the focus of the concept of food souvenirs. Unlike food souvenirs, restaurants emphasize food quality, service quality, and the quality of the physical environment. Food can be the function as a unique image for branding. Halal food in restaurants and food souvenirs can increase the attractiveness of halal tourism. The government and business must be able to adjust the criteria for tourist needs with innovation in food souvenirs and improvement in restaurant services. Indonesia, which is rich in tourism and culinary has great potential to expand halal tourism. Food quality, service quality, environmental quality, and halal in sensory, halal in utility, halal in symbolic become an essential focus of developing halal restaurant and halal food souvenirs in halal tourism.
Demand forecasting for crude palm oil (CPO) using the time series method
Authors: Rucitra A L , Pradana M A
Published: May 2020

Palm oil is one of the most consumed and produced oils in the world. It can be used as a raw material for various products such as food, cosmetics, as well as a source of biofuel and biodiesel. One of the companies that produces Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is company X. A fundamental mistake that often occurs in making sales decisions for CPO products is inaccuracy in providing sales predictions. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the demand forecasting made by Company X using the Time Series method. Based on the company’s historical data from January 2013 to December 2017, CPO sales forecasting for 2018 is carried out using the decomposition method, moving average, exponential smoothing, and trend analysis as part of the Time Series method. The forecasting results showed that the highest sales is in May 2018 amounting to 2,105,952 kg and the lowest forecasting in December 2018 about 766,667 kg.
Design of lean production system with simulation model approach in agar powder production
Authors: Setiyawan D T , Nugrahandi K , Effendi M
Published: May 2020

PT. XYZ is a company that produces agar powder. This research aimed to minimize waste that happens in the production process of agar powder by using Lean Manufacturing concept with Value Stream Mapping and Simulation Model. The results of this research indicate there is waste such as human potential, inappropriate design, unnecessary, and with the highest waste is in the form of waiting time. It caused by inconsistent of raw material, unresponsiveness worker, lack of tools that help operator, bottleneck process and unscheduled process. Recommendations for improvement are embracing capacity in filtering workstation, equip workstation with timer, and making production schedule. Based on the simulation that have been done shows reduced total lead time of 2.94 days to 2.27 days or efficiency process increased 22.81%.
Peppermint hard candy packaging design with Kansei engineering
Authors: Effendi M , Anggraeni D , Astuti R
Published: May 2020

Peppermint hard candy is increasing sold in the market. It causes a tight business competition and need some efforts for the product to survive and to win the competition. One effort that can be done is to design peppermint hard candy packaging. This paper describes the peppermint hard candy primary packaging design in accordance with the consumers’ needs. Kansei engineering (KE) was used in this study to translate consumer perceptions of the primary packaging design. Data is processed by using factor analysis and conjoint analysis. Based on the analysis, the design of peppermint hard candy packaging desired by the consumer was plastic, tubular, printed sticker label, flip-top accessory and transparent colors. The label design element has the highest importance value (30.524%) followed by material design elements (29.188%), shape (21.763%), accessories (11.300%) and color (7.226%).
Effect of pre-treatment on anaerobic biodegradability of Gracilaria verrucosa
Authors: Suhartini S , Sihaloho R , Rahmah N L , Nurika I , Junaidi M A , Paul R , Melville L
Published: May 2020

In global world, increasing needs of energy is parallel to the increase of population. The limitation of land availability and change of land use has turning the focus into marine biomass, especially macroalgae, as renewable energy feedstocks. Indonesia is one of the biggest countries producing marine macroalgae. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of washing pre-treatment on the characteristics of macroalgae and its biodegradability in anaerobic digestion process. In this study, a biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was carried out using fresh macroalgae, specifically Gracilaria verrucosa. The ratio of inoculum to substrate was 6:1 with operation temperature of 37 °C and incubated for 28 days. Prior the BMP test, the G. verrucosa samples were washed with flowing water for 10 minutes. The findings confirmed for washing pre-treatment was significantly enhance cumulative biogas and methane production by more than 50%. The specific methane potential (SMP) of washed G. verrucosa increased by six-fold, with the value of 0.108 m3 CH4 / kg VS. In this case, reduction of salinity concentration after washing may play an important role in increasing the anaerobic degradability. It was estimated that a high electricity potential is generated from anaerobic digestion of G. verrucosa after washing pre-treatment.
In vitro and in silico analysis of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) shell ethanol extract
Authors: Alvionita M , Dewi L C , Subandi  , Suharti
Published: May 2020

Gout is common inflammatory arthritis caused by the formation of uric acid crystals in a joint. This product is generated by the oxidation reaction of xanthine catalyzed by xanthine oxidase enzyme (XO). Since their influence in gout disease, the discovery of XO inhibitor agents has gained many interests, mainly from natural resources. Some studies showed that bioactive product can replace the common gout medicine, allopurinol, which known to have many negative effects. Thus, this study aimed to determine the inhibitory activity of the bioactive product of peanut shell extract toward xanthine oxidase (XO). Moreover, the inhibitory activity of predicted compounds using in silico analysis was also conducted. There are 4 steps in this work, namely: (1) ethanol extraction of bioactive compounds from peanut shell, (2) phytochemical analysis, (3) in vitro analysis as XO inhibitor and (4) in silico study of predicted bioactive compounds from peanut shell as XO inhibitor. The results had shown that Arachis hypogaea L. epidermis extract contained tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, whereas their outer peel extract has the same contents, except tannin. At the same concentration (100 ppm), the inhibition activity of epidermis and peanut shells extract towards XO were equivalent to 12 and 14 ppm of allopurinol, respectively. According to the previous study, the bioactive compounds in the peanut shell were luteolin, 5,7-dihydroxychromone, and eriodictyol. Our in silico analysis has revealed that each of those compounds has binding affinity higher than allopurinol has.
Isolation of lytic bacteriophages and their potential to control Cronobacter spp. - opportunistic food-borne pathogens
Authors: Wardani A K , Nurbayu I R , Qodriyah N L
Published: May 2020

Bacteriophage could be an effective and safe method to decrease the presence of pathogens in food. In this study, lytic phages were isolated and examined for their efficacy to control pathogens. It was isolated using the “plaque assay” method with the indicator bacteria, Cronobacter spp. and the lytic ability of isolated phage was confirmed using turbidity test. The isolated φKA5 from chicken skin samples was able to inhibit the growth of bacterial host (Cronobacter spp.) specifically Cronobacter malonaticus strain 05CHPL53. Infection of Cronobacter malonaticus using φKA5 for 360 minutes showed the significant reduction of Cronobacter growth. Based on morphological classification with the ICTV system, the φKA5 can be classified into the Myoviridae family with a contractile tail. These data suggested that isolated phage from raw chicken skin are potential agents for controlling Cronobacter spp.
Implementation of a quality framework on the launch phase of an automated assembly line for top class automotive chassis
Authors: Bertoldi Alessio , Gherardini Francesco , Leali Francesco
Published: May 2020

Today the assembly lines of cars chassis are highly automated by robotic operations. Even in the top class automotive sector, the production of aluminium chassis involves numerous automated operations, such as TIG and MIG welding, riveting and gluing. This practice allows, on the one hand, to reduce time and costs, improve process repeatability and quality standards. On the other hand, it requires the quality improvement of the whole process (from supplied parts approval to welding reworks minimization). The industrialization phase of a new car chassis and the launch of its automated assembly line are particularly critical, even more if the line has already been designed and only minimally modifiable. Therefore, this paper proposes the implementation of a quality framework to manage the launch of an automated assembly line of a new aluminium chassis of top class cars, selected as a case study. The framework was implemented, aiming at improving the entire process quality, and finally validated by critically comparing the results obtained with those relating to models currently in production. Due to their importance to the final quality, we focused on the welding operations, which require actions both on process parameters and supplied parts approval (e.g. tolerances on parts end cuts). The new line shows a clear improvement compared to the past, with highly significant reduction of welding non-conformances, high quality level and lack of many critical issues of the previous lines thanks to corrective actions taken in the early process stages, during the pilot phase.
Silver Line Defect Reduction of Rear Lens Combination Lamp Process
Authors: Lapwattanamongkol Titiya , Chutima Parames
Published: May 2020

The company in this research supplies the automotive lamps to many automotive manufacturing companies. The research focuses on the Rear Lens Combination Lamp Injection Process which causes a lot of silver line defectives and has the most impact on customer viewpoint. The DMAIC phases of the Six Sigma methodology are applied to solve the problem. New parameters are set at the optimal values as the result of the experimental design and analysis. After the improvement is implemented, the silver line defects are reduced from 10.21% to 2.41% (7.8% defect reduction)
Vibration problem solution of high-capacity hydropower units
Authors: Khalyasmaa A.I. , Sultonov S.M. , Ahyoev J.S. , Bahovadinov A.H.
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes hydro generator vibration observations under various conditions and solution of a problem of high vibration in upper guide bearing of 110MW hydro generator. Among the test, which were carried out to identify vibration origin of hydro generating unit were: voltage drop tests, magnetic flux measurements, interferric gap measurements, turbine pressure pulsation measurements, etc. It was shown, that among other possible reasons, correct balancing, including pivot bearing adjustment was the most efficient measure to eliminate vibration in start-up modes of hydro power unit. According to the results of conducted step-by-step defect analysis, the corresponding recommendations were provided for service and maintenance regarding the generation unit No2 of Sangtuda-2 Hydro Power Plant, Tajikistan.
Material & Surface design methodology—the user study framework
Authors: Bergman M , Rosen B-G , Eriksson L , Lundeholm L
Published: May 2020

A material and surface selection within the car industry is usually based on a comprehensive study based on sensation and perception, focusing on particular perceived qualities and impressions (emotional functions) through visual and tactile interaction of plastic surfaces. On top of that ‘emotional function’, the ‘technical function’ such as surface roughness or gloss for a certain matter in symbiosis, will result in a number of material and surface proposals. The range of materials fitting into the window of these requirements varies depending on the industry’s ability to hit the target specified in regard to the ‘emotional functions’, usually defined by the designer’s intention. Thus, to be able to get a deeper understanding of how to frame the ‘emotional functions’ and link them to the ‘technical functions’, two user studies were made in this paper. The user studies were made with two different designs however with the same main research target to be able to understand the varieties of these two. The aim of doing so was to be able to find the user study design that was the most time efficient and providing the most significant data linked to the ‘technical functions’ and process control/traceability. However also finding the user study design with the least strains for the participating users in regard to uninterrupted brain activity. By designing the user study in relevant subsets in a certain sequence, user study design nr 2 has proven to be more time efficient and provide more data regarding the soft metrology. Future work will focus on deeper knowledge about how these surfaces different material- and surface properties correlate to the participants responses regarding perceived quality of a car interior design. The development of a new non-contact measurement is also discussed, enabling the possibility to complement and improve the hard metrology set up.
Ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations on a sphere and elliptic-hyperbolic property
Authors: Holloway Ian , Sritharan Sivaguru
Published: May 2020

This work contains the derivation and type analysis of the conical ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations. The 3D ideal MHD equations with Powell source terms, subject to the assumption that the solution is conically invariant, are projected onto a unit sphere using tools from tensor calculus. Conical flows provide valuable insight into supersonic and hypersonic flow past bodies, but are simpler to analyze and solve numerically. Previously, work has been done on conical inviscid flows governed by the Euler equations with great success. It is known that some flight regimes involve flows of ionized gases, and thus there is motivation to extend the study of conical flows to the case where the gas is electrically conducting. To the authors’ knowledge, the conical magnetohydrodynamic equations have never been derived, and so this paper is the first investigation of that system. Among the results, we show that conical flows for this case do exist mathematically and that the governing system of partial differential equations is of mixed type. Throughout the domain it can be either hyperbolic or elliptic depending on the solution.
Pharmacist-led program to improve transitions from acute care to skilled nursing facility care
Authors: Achilleos Maria , McEwen Jordan , Hoesly Megan , DeAngelo Mark , Jennings Tim
Published: May 2020

Purpose

A pharmacist-led process to improve medication management in transitions from acute care to skilled nursing facility (SNF) care is described.

The process of transitioning patients from an acute care facility to a SNF involves multiple steps, with the potential for delays in medication administration. As part of a health system’s effort to evaluate barriers to timely first-dose administration after hospital-to-SNF transfers, a multidisciplinary team was tasked with defining the frequency of missed doses of high-risk medications and identifying reasons for medication administration delays. A retrospective review was conducted to evaluate medication orders for patients discharged from a community hospital and admitted to a SNF from January through June 2017 (the baseline period). This review found that 60% of first doses of high-risk medications were given after the scheduled administration time. One major barrier identified was a delay in entering medication orders in the SNF electronic medical record after SNF admission. It was also observed that 30-day readmission rates for transferred patients exceeded established readmission rate targets. To address identified process barriers, a pharmacist-led pilot program was developed. The program focused on process improvements at the same 2 hospitals and SNF sites during the period of March through May 2018. The pharmacist reviewed, reconciled, and entered medication orders prior to patient arrivals to the SNF. After pharmacist implementation, order entry delays were eliminated, and the mean delay from medication due time to administration was decreased by 68% relative to baseline data. The discharge summaries of 51% of transferred patients were found to contain medication errors, most of which were clarified and resolved prior to SNF admission. It was observed that the 30-day all-cause readmission rate after SNF transfers during the pilot program was 10.4% lower than during the same timeframe of the previous year.

Conclusion

By implementing a pharmacist-led process for medication management in transitions from acute care to SNF care, major barriers such as delayed medication administration and medication order entry were reduced. In addition, discharge medication errors were addressed and resolved prior to patients’ admission to the SNF.
Hitchhiking consequences for genetic and morphological patterns: the influence of kelp-rafting on a brooding chiton
Authors: Salloum P M , de Villemereuil P , Santure A W , Waters J M , Lavery S D
Published: May 2020

Onithochiton neglectus is a morphologically variable, brooding chiton inhabiting coastal reefs throughout New Zealand and its Sub-Antarctic Islands. Southern O. neglectus populations are typically associated with buoyant kelp (Durvillaea spp.) and are potentially connected via kelp-rafting. Northern O. neglectus populations are less likely to raft, due to lower numbers of Durvillaea in northern New Zealand. To test for the impact of kelp-rafting on the spatial distribution of variation in O. neglectus, we undertook a combined analysis of morphological and genetic variation across the range of the species. Geometric morphometrics were used to assess shell shape. We detected a northern vs. southern split in shell shape, corresponding to the frequency of the O. neglectus/Durvillaea spp. association. To assess O. neglectus genetic patterns across New Zealand, we estimated phylogenetic trees with nuclear (ITS) and mitochondrial (COI and 16S) markers, which revealed distinct northern and southern lineages, and an additional lineage in central New Zealand. Neither the morphological nor genetic groups match existing O. neglectus subspecies, but are concordant with the patterns of association of O. neglectus with Durvillaea. We suggest that shell shape may be linked to O. neglectus’ regionally variable ecological association with kelp holdfasts.
Phylogeny and evolution of unique skull morphologies in dietary specialist African shovel-snouted snakes (Lamprophiidae:Prosymna)
Authors: Heinicke Matthew P , Titus-McQuillan James E , Daza Juan D , Kull Elizabeth M , Stanley Edward L , Bauer Aaron M
Published: May 2020

Prosymna is a specialized African snake genus lacking close relatives. The evolutionary relationships and history within Prosymna are poorly understood. Here we assembled a multi-gene data set including representatives for 11 of 16 species to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of this group. Our analyses support the monophyly of Prosymna and are congruent with species groups previously recognized on the basis of external morphology. Divergences among extant Prosymna began in the mid-Cenozoic, with the earliest divergence splitting northern from southern lineages. High-resolution computed tomography scans confirm that a specialized skull morphology is found across the genus and was probably present in the common ancestor of Prosymna. This specialization is exemplified by dentition featuring reduced anterior but greatly enlarged, blade-like posterior maxillary teeth and an unusually high degree of fusion of cranial bones. One species, P. visseri, has a hammer-like maxilla unlike that of any other known snake. Evidence for oophagy in Prosymna and the possible roles of morphological specializations in egg-slitting or egg-crushing feeding mechanisms are discussed.
Hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: What Still Needs to Be Known About the Kinetics
Authors: Martin-Blondel Guillaume , Ruiz Stéphanie , Murris Marlène , Faguer Stanilas , Duhalde Véronigue , Eyvrard Frédéric , Izopet Jacques , Mansuy Jean-Michel , Rolland Yves , Delavigne Karen , Guimbaud Rosine , Pugnet Grégory , Conil Jean-Marie , Georges Bernard , Delobel Pierre , Minville Vincent , Silva Sifontes Stein , Concordet Didier , Gandia Peggy
Published: May 2020

Different dosage regimens of hydroxychloroquine are used to manage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, without information on the pharmacokinetics in this population. Blood samples (n = 101) were collected from 57 COVID-19 patients for 7 days, and concentrations were compared with simulated kinetic profiles. Hydroxychloroquine exposure is low and cannot be predicted by other populations.
An invasive insect, hemlock woolly adelgid, indirectly impacts Louisiana Waterthrush nest site selection and nest survival in the southern Appalachians
Authors: Bryant Lee C , Beachy Tiffany A , Boves Than J
Published: May 2020

Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is declining throughout the eastern United States due to hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand), an invasive insect from Asia. In the southern Appalachians, hemlock is concentrated in moist ravines and its decline threatens riparian ecosystems. Previous research on this invasion has focused on adelgid control and how hemlock decline affects community composition or forest processes; few studies have evaluated the consequences for demography of obligate riparian species. The Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) is an obligate riparian species that could be sensitive to hemlock condition in this region, but how individuals respond to decline is currently unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we leveraged recent adelgid treatment efforts in Great Smoky Mountains National Park to evaluate the relationship(s) between hemlock decline and waterthrush habitat selection (foraging and nest site) and vital rates (nest and adult survival). We found that hemlock decline was unrelated to foraging habitat selection and apparent adult survival, but was related to nest site selection through an interaction with percent ground cover of exposed live tree roots: birds selected for nest sites in areas with more exposed live roots but only when hemlock was in poor condition. Nest survival was lower in areas where deciduous species (vs. evergreen species) dominated the understory, suggesting that adelgid invasion could indirectly impact waterthrush fitness depending on how vegetative succession proceeds following hemlock decline. Our results suggest that the short-term consequences of adelgid invasion on this riparian avian species are minimal in this area, but these relationships are likely dynamic and dependent on local habitat features and the predator community response to hemlock decline.
Strategies and recommendations for the management of gastrointestinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience shared by Chinese surgeons
Authors: Ke Jia , Lan Nan , Wang Ting , Wu Jin-Jie , He Zhen , He Xiao-Sheng , Tao Kai-Xiong , Qian Qun , Zhou Ping-Hong , Li Guo-Xin , Zheng Min-Hua , Zhang Zhong-Tao , Ji Jia-Fu , Lan Ping
Published: May 2020

Novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing public-health pandemic worldwide. Although SARS-CoV-2 has been known to spread primarily through respiratory droplets, recent evidence also supports fecal/oral as an additional route of transmission, raising concerns over gastrointestinal (GI) transmission of the infection. Herein, we, as the front-line Chinese GI surgeons, would like to share our experience and lessons in the combat against COVID-19. It is essential to create science-based, rational, and practical strategies during the outbreak of COVID-19. Here, we provide multi-institutional consensus on minimizing disease transmission while continuing to provide care from all aspects for patients in GI surgery, including outpatient clinics, inpatient units, gastrointestinal endoscopy centers, and adjustments in perioperative care. Our experiences and recommendations are worth sharing and may help to establish specific infection-control and outcome measures.
‘To the very great prejudice of the fair trader’: merchants and illicit naval trading in the 1730s*
Authors: Mewett R E
Published: May 2020

In 1737–8, officers aboard three British warships sent to Africa to secure seaborne commerce engaged in private trade themselves, in violation of navy regulations and parliamentary statute, and carried enslaved Africans to Barbados. Slave trading merchants from Bristol, Liverpool and London – whose business was hurt by this illegal competition – co-ordinated efforts and lobbied the admiralty and the house of commons to put a stop to naval trading and gain restitution for their losses. The episode was part of a long process of negotiation among stakeholders in the developing fiscal-naval state that eventually produced shared expectations about naval professionalism and the duty of commerce protection that were significantly influenced by mercantile interests.
Applicability of Wordnet Architecture in Lexical Borrowing Studies
Authors: Geller Ewa , Gajek Michał , Reibach Agata , Łapa Zuzanna
Published: May 2020

The aim of the paper is to present a new, wordnet-based method of studying lexical borrowing. In contrast to the two-dimensional (micro- and macrostructure) organization of traditional dictionaries, describing each unit in isolation, wordnets introduce an additional dimension of inter-word relations in the entire lexicon. The ability to connect wordnets cross-linguistically allows in turn for juxtaposing, comparing, and visualizing a broad spectrum of lexical relations between loanwords within the recipient language and their cognates in the source language for which the term cross-linguistic mapping has been used. The method was applied to a wordnet-based, yet differently structured network of Polish loanwords in Yiddish. This allowed to supplement the traditional typology of transferred words by introducing the notion of ‘rootedness’, that is the degree of their interconnectedness in the source and recipient systems. This in turn has provided a promising means for distinguishing inherited from acquired vocabulary.
Rethinking domain adaptation for machine learning over clinical language
Authors: Laparra Egoitz , Bethard Steven , Miller Timothy A
Published: May 2020

Building clinical natural language processing (NLP) systems that work on widely varying data is an absolute necessity because of the expense of obtaining new training data. While domain adaptation research can have a positive impact on this problem, the most widely studied paradigms do not take into account the realities of clinical data sharing. To address this issue, we lay out a taxonomy of domain adaptation, parameterizing by what data is shareable. We show that the most realistic settings for clinical use cases are seriously under-studied. To support research in these important directions, we make a series of recommendations, not just for domain adaptation but for clinical NLP in general, that ensure that data, shared tasks, and released models are broadly useful, and that initiate research directions where the clinical NLP community can lead the broader NLP and machine learning fields.