bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Early Deaths Following Neonatal Male Circumcision in the United States, 2001 to 2010
Authors: Earp Brian D. , Allareddy Veerajalandhar , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Rotta Alexandre T.
Published: August 2018

We sought to quantify early deaths following neonatal circumcision (same hospital admission) and to identify factors associated with such mortality. We performed a retrospective analysis of all infants who underwent circumcision in an inpatient hospital setting during the first 30 days of life from 2001 to 2010 using the National Inpatient Sample. Over 10 years, 200 early deaths were recorded among 9 833 110 subjects (1 death per 49 166 circumcisions). Note: this figure should not be interpreted as causal but correlational as it may include both undercounting and overcounting of deaths attributable to circumcision. Compared with survivors, subjects who died following newborn circumcision were more likely to have associated comorbid conditions, such as cardiac disease (odds ratio [OR] = 697.8 [378.5-1286.6]; P < .001), coagulopathy (OR = 159.6 [95.6-266.2]; P < .001), fluid and electrolyte disorders (OR = 68.2 [49.1-94.6]; P < .001), or pulmonary circulatory disorders (OR = 169.5 [69.7-412.5]; P < .001). Recognizing these factors could inform clinical and parental decisions, potentially reducing associated risks.
Thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication simulation of the Rayleigh step bearing using the progressive mesh densification method
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Azam Mohammad Sikandar , Ghosh Subrata Kumar , Khan Hasim
Published: August 2018

The paper deals with the numerical simulation of thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication (Thermo-EHL) condition in the Rayleigh step bearing. Thermo-EHL involves rheology of the lubricant and deformation of the structure simultaneously under the influence of pressure and temperature, which makes this regime of lubrication more complicated. It is difficult to obtain a converged and accurate solution with ease under this condition. The effect of computational mesh density plays a significant role in obtaining a converged solution rapidly. In this paper, the progressive mesh densification (PMD) method has been applied to solve the Thermo-EHL condition numerically. To find out the best possible scheme of PMD for obtaining a converged solution quickly, the results of PMD and fixed mesh density (FMD) have been compared. Based on the comparison, it has been observed that Scheme 3 of PMD takes around 30% fewer iterations compared with FMD under both elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and Thermo-EHL conditions. Adopting Scheme 3 of PMD, the effect of temperature on the load capacity, coefficient of friction, no-pressure zone, and pressure distribution in the Rayleigh step bearing has been studied. Reductions in pressure, no-pressure zone, frictional coefficient, and load capacity are observed under the Thermo-EHL condition compared to the EHL condition.
A Graded Response Model Framework for Questionnaires With Uniform Response Formats
Authors: Lubbe Dirk , Schuster Christof
Published: August 2018

Questionnaires with uniform-ordered categorical response formats are widely applied in psychology. Muraki proposed a modified graded response model accounting for the items’ uniform response formats by assuming identical threshold parameters defining the category boundaries for all items. What is not well known is that there is a set of closely related models, which similarly assume identical thresholds. The present article gives a framework illustrating the differences between these models and their utility for understanding questionnaire responses in detail. The models are explained as constrained cases of a one-dimensional factor model for ordered categorical data. Furthermore, the authors show that the models can be written and fitted as structural equation models, which allows for a very flexible and general purpose use. Instructions on implementing the models in Mplus and SAS PROC NLMIXED are given.
Effects of geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation on complications and readmissions after hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Berggren Monica , Karlsson Åsa , Lindelöf Nina , Englund Undis , Olofsson Birgitta , Nordström Peter , Gustafson Yngve , Stenvall Michael
Published: August 2018

Objective:

This pre-planned secondary analysis of geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation, which was initially found to shorten the postoperative length of stay in hospital for older individuals following hip fracture, investigated whether such rehabilitation reduced the numbers of complications, readmissions, and total days spent in hospital after discharge during a 12-month follow-up period compared with conventional geriatric care and rehabilitation.

Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Geriatric department, participants’ residential care facilities, and ordinary housing.

Subjects:

Individuals aged ⩾70 years with acute hip fracture ( n = 205) were included.

Intervention:

Geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation was individually designed and aimed at early discharge with the intention to prevent, detect, and treat complications after discharge.

Main measures:

Complications, readmissions, and days spent in hospital were registered from patients’ digital records and interviews conducted during hospitalization and at 3- and 12-month follow-up visits.

Results:

No significant difference in outcomes was observed. Between discharge and the 12-month follow-up, among participants in the geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation group ( n = 106) and control group ( n = 93), 57 (53.8%) and 44 (47.3%) had complications ( P = 0.443), 46 (43.4%) and 38 (40.9%) fell ( P = 0.828), and 38 (35.8%) and 27 (29.0%) were readmitted to hospital ( P = 0.383); the median total days spent in hospital were 11.5 and 11.0 ( P = 0.353), respectively.

Conclusion:

Geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation for older individuals following hip fracture resulted in similar proportions of complications, readmissions, and total days spent in hospital after discharge compared with conventional geriatric care and rehabilitation.
Effect of adding neuromuscular electrical stimulation training to pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mekki Marwa , Paillard Thierry , Sahli Sonia , Tabka Zouhair , Trabelsi Yassine
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To investigate the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation added to pulmonary rehabilitation on walking tolerance and balance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Design:

Randomized clinical trial.

Setting:

Outpatient, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Tunisia.

Subjects:

A total of 45 patients with COPD were assigned to an intervention group ( n = 25) or a control group ( n = 20).

Interventions:

The intervention group underwent a neuromuscular electrical stimulation added to pulmonary rehabilitation, and the control group underwent only a pulmonary rehabilitation, three times per week during six months.

Main Measures:

Measures were taken at baseline and after six months of training. A stabilometric platform, time up and go, Berg balance scale tests, 6 minute walking test, and the maximal voluntary contraction were measured.

Results:

In the intervention group, an increase in an exercise tolerance manifested by a longer distance walked in 6 minute walking test 619.5 (39.6) m was observed in comparison to the control group 576.3 (31.5) m. The values of the time up and go, Berg balance scale, and maximal voluntary contraction in the intervention group at follow-up were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P  = 0.02, P  = 0.01, P  = 0.0002, respectively). The center of pressure in the mediolateral and in the anteroposterior directions, as well as the center of pressure area was significantly more improved in open eyes and closed eyes in the intervention group compared to the control group ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The neuromuscular electrical stimulation added to pulmonary rehabilitation group benefited from better walking tolerance and greater balance improvement than the only pulmonary rehabilitation.
Fracture response of double cantilever beam subject to thermal fatigue
Authors: Mohamed Mbarka , Taheri Farid
Published: August 2018

When adhesively bonded joints undergo thermal fluctuations, they become fatigued and suffer mechanical degradation. A comprehensive experimental investigation is conducted to examine the performance and degradation of adhesively bonded joints, in the form of the standard double cantilever beam specimen, subject to various levels of cyclic thermal loadings. Results indicate that regardless the number of applied thermal cycles, the joint experiences degradation of its interface adhesive, and that the degradation evolves as the number of thermal cycles increases, leading to the gradual degradation of the overall interface strength. Also, a computational framework, using the cohesive zone modeling technique, is developed for predicting the growth of a crack under the thermal and subsequent mechanical loadings. The good agreement observed between the computational and experimental results validates the integrity of the developed computational framework.
Pitch fault diagnosis of wind turbines in multiple operational states using supervisory control and data acquisition data
Authors: Wei Lu , Qian Zheng , Yang Cong , Pei Yan
Published: August 2018

Supervisory control and data acquisition data including comprehensive signal information have been widely applied to fault diagnosis. However, because of the complex operational condition of wind turbines, supervisory control and data acquisition data become complicated and abstract to study. This article proposes a pitch fault diagnosis method of wind turbines in multiple operational states using supervisory control and data acquisition data. According to the performance of characteristic parameters in nine operational states of wind turbines, Gaussian mixture model clustering and the analysis of normal performance curves are applied to model the relationship of pitch angle, rotor speed, and wind speed. Four cases have been studied to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The advantages of the proposed approach are as follows: (1) simplifying the analysis of supervisory control and data acquisition data through dividing the data into nine parts; (2) detecting pitch faults earlier than supervisory control and data acquisition monitoring system; (3) visualizing the abnormal behavior of the pitch system; and (4) improving the interpretability of the method with the incorporation of domain knowledge.
Impact of Built Environment on First- and Last-Mile Travel Mode Choice
Authors: Mo Baichuan , Shen Yu , Zhao Jinhua
Published: August 2018

The paper studies the impacts of built environment (BE) on the first- and last-mile travel modal choice. We select Singapore as a case study. The data used for this work is extracted from the first- and last-mile trips to mass rapid transit (MRT) stations in the Household Interview Travel Survey of Singapore in 2012 with nearly 24,000 samples. The BE indicators are quantified based on four “D” variables: Density, Diversity, Design, and Distance to transit. We also take into account sociodemographic and trip-specific variables. Mixed logit (ML) modeling frameworks are adopted to estimate the impact of BE and the heterogeneity of taste across the sample. Based on the availability of light rail transit (LRT) in different areas, two modeling structures are implemented with binary ML models for non-LRT areas where “walk” and “bus” are the available travel modes, and multinomial ML models for areas where LRT is an additional alternative. The modeling results shed light on the following findings: BE—especially distance to MRT station, transportation infrastructures, land-use mix, and socioeconomic activities—significantly influences the first- and last-mile travel behaviors. Those who live or work close to MRT stations and in an area with high socioeconomic activities and land-use mix may have stronger preferences to walk for the first- and last-mile trips. The impact of physical BE (i.e., distance, infrastructures) is relatively homogeneous among the sample, while the impact of socioeconomic BE factors (i.e., floor space density, entropy) tends to vary across the sample.
Optimizing Transit Signal Priority Implementation along an Arterial
Authors: Wu Kan , Guler S. Ilgin
Published: August 2018

Transit signal priority (TSP) is a common method of providing priority to buses at signalized intersections. The implementation of TSP can affect travel time of cars traveling in the same, opposite, and cross directions. The bus delay savings and car travel-time impacts are not expected to increase linearly when considering multiple intersections along an arterial. This paper quantifies the influence of TSP on arterials with dedicated bus lanes considering an arterial-wide approach utilizing variational theory. Existing tools were modified to quantify the change in capacity along an arterial where TSP was implemented and it was shown that this effect was negligible. In addition, the bus delay savings and cross-street capacity losses were determined. Case studies provided insights into the influence of TSP among different network homogeneities and bus frequencies. Using these tools, an optimization framework was developed to determine where to implement TSP along an arterial to maximize the marginal benefits, or minimize marginal costs. In addition, a comparison of evaluating an arterial as a sum of isolated intersections as opposed to evaluating an arterial as a whole is presented. This analysis indicates the necessity of the arterial-based method in considering TSP impacts along corridors.
Succeeding in involving decision-makers in solid waste management planning by setting appropriate goals and providing a structured planning method
Authors: Ragossnig Arne , Tunesi Simonetta
Published: August 2018

Even though the relevance of solid waste management goals for our societies becomes more and more acknowledged around the globe, one of the major challenges is to get the level of attention needed from those who are responsible for making the decisions. Waste management is one issue among others of the issues policy-makers do have to take care of, but many times other issues seem to have a higher priority. This prioritization often is also based on the aim of achieving short term effects and does not take into account infrastructural synergies that may be realized when tackling waste management issues as well as middle and long-term effects of addressing or neglecting waste management challenges, even though when basic waste management needs are addressed there are interfaces between the waste sector and the producing sectors that need to be handled in a reasonable way in order to allow for securing that pollutants and harmful substances are being concentrated in the waste management sphere and a portion of secondary materials as high as possible is being recycled. This paper shows examples of the challenges addressed and proposes how these could be handled in the future for the sake of the implementation of a circular economy.
“Untouchable”? Social Status, Identity, and Mental Health Among Adolescents in Nepal
Authors: Kiang Lisa , Folmar Steve , Gentry Kristen
Published: August 2018

Caste is a primary basis for oppression in many parts of South Asia with individuals from low caste backgrounds commonly experiencing the degradation of untouchability and daily discrimination at both individual and systemic levels. The current study uses a mixed-methods, interdisciplinary approach to examine links between social status, identity, and mental health among 295 adolescents (51% females) from different social groups in Nepal. Quantitative surveys reveal that youth from low caste Dalit groups report more anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem compared with their counterparts from high caste (e.g., Brahmin) and ethnic indigenous (e.g., Gurung) groups. Caste identity is positively related to outcomes but does not significantly counteract the negative effects of social status. Ethnographic and interview data are used to inform, contextualize, and interpret these quantitative findings. Conceptual parallels to current race relations experienced in the United States are considered and discussed.
Relationship Conflict, Family Name Congruence, and Socioemotional Wealth in Family Firms
Authors: Rousseau Mary Beth , Kellermanns Franz , Zellweger Thomas , Beck Tammy E.
Published: August 2018

We investigate how family relationship conflict and family and firm name congruence influence subjective firm valuations by family firm owner-managers. Drawing on the socioemotional wealth perspective, behavioral agency theory and mixed gamble reasonings, we hypothesize and find a U-shaped association between relationship conflict inside the family firm and subjective firm valuation. While we do not find a direct effect between name congruence and subjective firm valuation, we show that name congruence interacts with relationship conflict to affect valuations in a complex fashion. Implications and contributions of our findings are discussed.
Luther’s Biblical Hermeneutics as Ethics
Authors: Malcolm Lois
Published: August 2018

This article examines a thread that runs through Martin Luther’s biblical and catechetical writings: his appropriation of a Messianic logic in light of a creedal interpretation of the whole of Scripture. Situating my case in relation to recent philosophical scholarship on the apostle Paul, I contend that this biblical hermeneutic may well be Luther’s signal ethical contribution for our age. Drawing on the solae ( sola gratia, sola fide, sola scriptura, and solus Christus) and relating them to three themes central to his biblical hermeneutics—the Word of God, Scripture, and the Creeds—I discuss how he develops (1) a Messianic ethics that intrinsically links faith and love in relation to (2) the biblical motifs of command and promise and (3) the Christological themes of cross and incarnation. I conclude by discussing the relevance of Luther’s biblical hermeneutics for a post-secular age.
Design optimization of minivan MacPherson-strut suspension system based on weighting combination method and neighborhood cultivation genetic algorithm
Authors: Su Zhuoyu , Xu Fengxiang , Hua Lin , Chen Hao , Wu Kunying , Zhang Suo
Published: August 2018

In this paper, the kinematic characteristic analysis and optimization design of a minivan MacPherson-strut suspension system are performed. Design requirements of a minivan suspension system are described first, and then the design process is presented. A typical MacPherson suspension model of the minivan is conducted. Through the established model, the simulation of parallel wheel travel of the suspension system of the minivan is carried out and analyzed. After initial analysis, wheel alignment parameters especially the toe angle and camber angles need to be optimized to meet the requirements of the desired design value. The characteristic curves of wheel alignment parameters are drawn and the corresponding non-ideal characteristics are found. The optimization objective is to reduce the variation of the unreasonable alignment parameters, and the design variables are given through the sensitivity analysis. The design parameters are reasonably grouped according to different kinematic characteristics, thus, a unified objective function is established by direct weighing combination method. Finally, the established objective function is optimized and designed with neighborhood cultivation genetic algorithm. By comparing the original and optimized results, the better wheel alignment parameters are obtained and the system performances of suspension are further improved.
Engaging Without Exposing: Use of a Fictional Character to Facilitate Mental Health Talk in Focus Groups With Men Who Have Been Subject to the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Owens Christabel , Carter Mary , Shenton Deborah , Byng Richard , Quinn Cath
Published: August 2018

In an effort to encourage men with experience of being subject to the criminal justice system to contribute to focus group discussions on the sensitive topic of mental health, while also doing our utmost to protect them from discomfort or risk of exploitation, we used a novel technique involving the creation of a fictional character, supplemented by an audio-recorded vignette. We studied the role played by this technique in achieving our stated aims of “engaging without exposing.” In this article, we report on the use of this technique in three focus groups, showing how in very different ways it shaped the interaction between participants and generated crucial insights into the lives and service needs of each group. We conclude that the technique may lend itself to being used in focus groups with other marginalized or seldom-heard populations.
Sources of Distress in First-Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Metasynthesis
Authors: Griffiths Robert , Mansell Warren , Edge Dawn , Tai Sara
Published: August 2018

In this study, we aim to increase our understanding of the self-reported sources of distress among people who have experienced first-episode psychosis. Following a systematic literature search, 33 relevant studies containing first-person accounts of first-episode psychosis were identified, which were synthesized using thematic analysis. Two interrelated superordinate themes were identified: intrapersonal distress and interpersonal distress. Participants reported multiple, diverse, and multifaceted sources of distress across both themes. These were substantially different from those routinely recognized and targeted in clinical practice. This review suggests that practitioners who maintain a stance of genuine curiosity about the potential sources of distress for this population will be perceived as more helpful. The findings also highlight the importance of being service user–led when planning and delivering mental health care. Additional clinical and research implications are discussed.
Validation of a Clinical Decision Rule to Identify Risk Factors Associated With Multidrug-Resistant Urinary Pathogens in the Emergency Department
Authors: Faine Brett A. , Mohr Nicholas , Vakkalanka Priyanka , Gao Ari S. , Liang Stephen Y.
Published: August 2018

Background: Antimicrobial resistance remains a significant obstacle for clinicians when treating patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with urinary tract infections. Objective: The goal of the proposed study was to validate a previously developed clinical decision rule identifying risk factors for multidrug-resistant (MDR) urinary pathogens. Methods: We conducted a validation study of a previously published clinical decision rule to identify patients with MDR urinary pathogens using a cohort from an urban academic center ED with annual census over 80 000. Using our previously identified clinical risk factors, we determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and negative LR (−LR) to estimate measures of precision of our clinical decision rule in the validation cohort. Results: Factors associated with MDR urinary pathogen included sex, recent hospitalization, nursing home residency, and catheter placement. Using our previously defined threshold of greater than 1 risk factor, the adjusted model in the validation cohort identified that only nursing home residency was associated with positive MDR pathogen (adjusted odds ratio = 4.13; 95% CI = 1.95-8.77). The clinical decision rule in the validation cohort yielded a sensitivity of 56.4%, specificity of 66.3%, +LR of 1.7, and −LR of 0.7. Conclusion and Relevance: Our clinical decision rule to identify patients at risk for MDR urinary pathogens was unable to be validated in the setting of different antimicrobial resistance patterns. Future studies should evaluate an improved clinical decision rule identifying risk factors associated with MDR pathogens that performs well in varying patient populations.
Political and Institutional Explanations for Increasing Re-municipalization
Authors: Gradus Raymond , Budding Tjerk
Published: August 2018

This article analyzes shifts in the delivery mode of waste collection in Dutch municipalities between 1999 and 2014. In approximately half of these entities, shifts took place, with 60% toward outside production and 40% toward inside production. In recent years, the number of shifts dropped remarkably, and re-municipalization has become more important. In addition, the amount of municipalities with reverse privatization is larger than that of privatization. Based on a logit model, some evidence of an ideological motivation for changing the mode of production is found. Conservative liberals are in favor of changing, particularly toward the market and privatization, whereas social democrats, in particular, are against change. These results provide some evidence for the unemployment or scale argument for changing the mode as well. In addition, there is an indication that political fragmentation increases the ability to privatize.
Temporal and Reciprocal Relations Between ADHD symptoms and Emotional Problems in School-Age Children
Authors: Han Gloria T. , Chen Yi-Lung , Tsai Fang-Ju , Gau Susan Shur-Fen
Published: August 2018

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the reciprocal and temporal relations between ADHD symptoms and emotional problems in school-age children. Method: This 1-year longitudinal study with a four-wave design included 1,253 children and adolescents (254 third graders, 281 fifth graders, and 718 eighth graders; 50.9% boys). ADHD symptoms and emotional problems were measured using parent report of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: Cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms were associated with emotional problems over the 1-year period. However, only inattention symptoms demonstrated a transactional relationship with emotional problems, such that inattention predicted future emotional problems, which in turn led to increases in inattention symptoms. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the transactional and dynamic interplay between inattention symptoms and emotional problems and support the mechanistic role of inattention symptoms in the development and persistence of emotional problems in school-age children.
Negotiating place through food and drink: Experiencing home and away
Authors: Bezzola Toya , Lugosi Peter
Published: August 2018

This study examines how food and drink-related practices mediate tourists’ experiences in destinations. Adopting an interpretivist approach, and drawing on content analysis of travel blogs, the article contributes to knowledge by demonstrating how the production and consumption of food and drink are used to negotiate feelings, memories and encounters in places. More specifically, we distinguish between three areas of practice: first, how situational control is established and articulated through familiarity with foods, but may also be challenged by exposure to disruptive consumption activities. Second, how sociability is performed and experienced, including through practices of ‘Othering’ that emerge through food and drink-centred encounters. Finally, how tourists construct new notions of home through eating and drinking routines. We argue that focusing on these areas helps to understand the intersections of food and drink-related practice and tourists’ experiences in places.
Flow and airway pressure analysis for detecting ineffective effort during mechanical ventilation in neuromuscular patients
Authors: Ciorba Cristina , Gonzalez-Bermejo Jesus , Salva Maria-Antonia Quera , Annane Djillali , Orlikowski David , Lofaso Frédéric , Prigent Hélène
Published: August 2018

Ineffective efforts (IEs) are among the most common types of patient–ventilator asynchrony. The objective of this study is to validate IE detection during expiration using pressure and flow signals, with respiratory effort detection by esophageal pressure (Pes) measurement as the reference, in patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). We included 10 patients diagnosed with chronic respiratory failure related to NMD. Twenty-eight 5-minute recordings of daytime ventilation were studied for IE detection. Standard formulas were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of IE detection using pressure and flow signals compared to Pes measurement. Mean sensitivity and specificity of flow and pressure signal-based IE detection versus Pes measurement were 97.5% ± 5.3% and 91.4% ± 13.7%, respectively. NPV was 98.1% ± 8.2% and PPV was 67.6% ± 33.8%. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient indicated a moderately significant correlation between frequencies of IEs and controlled cycles ( ρ = 0.50 and p = 0.01). Among respiratory cycles, 311 (11.2%) were false-positive IEs overall. Separating false-positive IEs according to their mechanisms, we observed premature cycling in 1.2% of cycles, delayed ventilator triggering in 0.1%, cardiac contraction in 9.2%, and upper airway instability during expiration in 0.3%. Using flow and pressure signals to detect IEs is a simple and rapid method that produces adequate data to support clinical decisions.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Primary Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kothari Gargi , Loblaw Andrew , Tree Alison C. , van As Nicholas J. , Moghanaki Drew , Lo Simon S. , Ost Piet , Siva Shankar
Published: August 2018

Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in males. There are a number of options for patients with localized early stage disease, including active surveillance for low-risk disease, surgery, brachytherapy, and external beam radiotherapy. Increasingly, external beam radiotherapy, in the form of dose-escalated and moderately hypofractionated regimens, is being utilized in prostate cancer, with randomized evidence to support their use. Stereotactic body radiotherapy, which is a form of extreme hypofractionation, delivered with high precision and conformality typically over 1 to 5 fractions, offers a more contemporary approach with several advantages including being non-invasive, cost-effective, convenient for patients, and potentially improving patient access. In fact, one study has estimated that if half of the patients currently eligible for conventional fractionated radiotherapy in the United States were treated instead with stereotactic body radiotherapy, this would result in a total cost savings of US$250 million per year. There is also a strong radiobiological rationale to support its use, with prostate cancer believed to have a low α/β ratio and therefore being preferentially sensitive to larger fraction sizes. To date, there are no published randomized trials reporting on the comparative efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy compared to alternative treatment modalities, although multiple randomized trials are currently accruing. Yet, early results from the randomized phase III study of HYPOfractionated RadioTherapy of intermediate risk localized Prostate Cancer (HYPO-RT-PC) trial, as well as multiple single-arm phase I/II trials, indicate low rates of late adverse effects with this approach. In patients with low- to intermediate-risk disease, excellent biochemical relapse-free survival outcomes have been reported, albeit with relatively short median follow-up times. These promising early results, coupled with the enormous potential cost savings and implications for resource availability, suggest that stereotactic body radiotherapy will take center stage in the treatment of prostate cancer in the years to come.
Broadening the Landscape of Blackness
Authors: Greenland Fiona R.
Published: August 2018

Fiona R. Greenland interviews photographic artist Ayana V. Jackson.
Activism and the Academy
Authors: McCabe Janice
Published: August 2018

Janice McCabe interviews public intellectual Cornel West.
Invisible Inequality Among “Wounded Warriors”
Authors: Montgomery Sidra
Published: August 2018

The term “wounded warriors,” both a socially designated status and an official medical classification, creates divisions among service members.
Untaxing the Poor
Authors: McCabe Joshua
Published: August 2018

Joshua McCabe on the fiscalization of social policy.
Repeal FOSTA and Decriminalize Sex Work
Authors: Jackson Crystal A. , Heineman Jenny
Published: August 2018

Crystal A. Jackson and Jenny Heineman on treating sex work as labor.
Ultrasound-Guided Robotic Enucleation of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Magistri Paolo , Ballarin Roberto , Tarantino Giuseppe , Bartolini Ilenia , Bencini Lapo , Moraldi Luca , Annecchiarico Mario , Guerra Francesco , Coratti Andrea
Published: August 2018

Background. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are relatively rare neoplasms with a low to mild malignant potential. They can be further divided into functioning and nonfunctioning, according to their secretive activity. Surgery is an optimal approach, but the classic open approach is challenging, with some patients having long hospitalization and potentially life-threatening complications. The robotic approach for PanNETs may represent an option to optimize their management. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed our prospectively maintained databases from 2 high-volume Italian centers for pancreatic surgery. Demographics, pathological characteristics, perioperative outcome, and medium-term follow-up of patients who underwent robotic pancreatic enucleations were collected. Results. Twelve patients with final diagnosis of PanNET were included. The mean age of the patients was 53.8 years (25-77). The median body mass index was 26 (24-29). Three lesions were functioning insulinomas, while the others were nonfunctioning tumors. No deaths occurred. Mild postoperative complications occurred, except for 1 grade B pancreatic fistula. The mean postoperative stay was 3.9 days (2-5). Conclusions. Our results confirm that robotic enucleation is a feasible and safe approach for the treatment of PanNETs, with short hospital stay and low incidence of morbidity.
Anticipating the Unanticipated-Unintended Consequences of Scientific and Technological Purposive Actions
Authors: Tonn Bruce Edward , Stiefel Dorian
Published: August 2018

As science and technology change our world, anticipating the unintended consequences becomes critical. This article presents a framework for identifying unintended consequences, especially unanticipated-unintended consequences, and prioritizing the necessary actions to mitigate or adapt. Content for the framework, and the distinctions among the anticipated-intended, anticipated-unintended, and unanticipated-unintended consequences, are generated with four scenario types: evolution over time, market-saturation, interventions in tightly coupled systems, and existential risk of human extinction. To validate the framework, each scenario type is applied to historical and emerging technologies to anticipate the unintended consequences, including the causes, initiators, effects, actions to mitigate or adapt, and unmet obligations to future generations.
Teaching the Future of Technology in the History Classroom: A Case Study
Authors: Staley David J.
Published: August 2018

This article will describe how historians can teach the future of technology. Historians need not alter their traditional methods of historical inquiry to teach the future, and indeed the history classroom is a natural site for foresight education. Historical inquiry begins with questions, and futuring similarly begins with asking the right questions. The historian seeks out evidence, and futurists as well identify drivers and blockers, considering how these drivers and blockers will interact with each other. In contrast to social scientists, historians work with imperfect or incomplete information, an apt description of the state of our evidence about the future. In a manner similar to historians, futurists interpret and draw inferences from evidence. After the research an analysis of the evidence is complete, the historian/futurist writes representations. This article will describe how I employed the historical method to teach the future of technology in a history research seminar, the results produced by the students, and ways that the study of the future can be situated in the history classroom.
Decoding Sex Differences in the Brain, One Worm at a Time
Authors: Wang Chen
Published: August 2018

Sex differences in the brain are prominent features across the animal kingdom. Understanding the anatomical and regulatory mechanisms behind these differences is critical for both explaining sexually dimorphic behaviors and developing sex-targeted treatments for neurological disorders. Clinical studies considering sex biases and basic research on animal models have provided much evidence for the existence of sex differences in the brain and, in a larger sense, sexual dimorphisms in the nervous system. However, due to the complexity of structure and dimorphic behaviors, it is yet unclear precisely how neuronal sexual dimorphisms are regulated on a molecular or cellular level. This commentary reviews available tools for investigating sexual dimorphisms using a simple model organism, the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans), which enables one to study gene regulation at single-cell resolution with a number of cutting-edge molecular and genetic technologies. I highlight the doublesex/mab-3 family of transcription factors, first discovered in invertebrates, and their roles in a potentially universal regulatory mechanism underlying neuronal sexual dimorphisms. Studies of these transcription factors using C. elegans, fruit flies, and vertebrates will promote our understanding of fundamental mechanisms behind sex differences in the brain.
President's Page
Authors: Martinez Ruben D.
Published: August 2018

In recent years, we've come to hear terms such as “big data,” “data analytics,” “artificial intelligence,” “machine learning,” “deep learning,” and “neural networks” more regularly. Scientists and engineers across many industries and disciplines employ this terminology, and the geophysical industry is no exception. It is sometimes difficult, however, to grasp how all these methods and techniques are related and used in concert.
Structural dip, migration, and quantitative interpretation
Authors: Naeini Ehsan Zabihi
Published: August 2018

It is relatively well known that migration stretches the waveforms of dipping reflections. It is less well known how this impacts quantitative interpretation of the data where, at the heart of such workflows, the seismic is tied to the well and subsequently inverted to obtain acoustic and/or elastic properties. It is shown here how migration stretch distorts well tie, colored inversion, and model-based inversion. A postmigration first-order zero-offset deconvolution is introduced to remedy this drawback, and the result is demonstrated on a synthetic and a reverse time migrated image. Finally, it is argued that full-waveform inversion would inherently handle the dips without any need for stretch correction.
Making time-lapse seismic work in a complex desert environment for CO2 EOR monitoring — Design and acquisition
Authors: Jervis Michael , Bakulin Andrey , Smith Robert
Published: August 2018

Onshore seismic monitoring for CO2 injection in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East is a major challenge for many reasons. The 4D signal is generally much smaller than that of clastic or chalk reservoirs due to the high bulk moduli of the rocks and the relatively small fluid effect. In addition, seismic data are characterized by low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) due to poor signal penetration below high-contrast near-surface layers, poorly consolidated materials at the surface, conversion of source energy into surface waves and trapped modes, and scattering from near-surface complexities. Seasonal variations in surface conditions combined with low S/N make acquisition and processing of 4D seismic data some of the greatest challenges in geophysics today. We show results from feasibility and field pilot seismic programs for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) monitoring that resulted in successful imaging of CO2 injection in such a challenging onshore environment and achieved 4D metrics comparable with offshore seismic monitoring. The final acquisition choice included a hybrid surface source/buried receiver system with point sensors and sources based on cost and effectiveness of the various technologies tested. Acquisition included continuous monitoring with a full 3D survey acquired once every four weeks for a period of several years. Burying sparser receivers with dense source coverage minimized 4D noise to acceptable levels (< 5% normalized root mean square) and allowed fluid saturation changes from CO2 EOR to be observed.
Recent revisions to oil and gas industry HSSE guidance used in geophysical operations
Authors: Threadgold Ian M.
Published: August 2018

In 2017, significant revisions were made to many of the oil and gas industry guidance documents that the geophysical sector widely uses to safely plan and manage its operations. The industry documentation discussed here is primarily published by the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP). These industry documents cover three tiers of guidance on managing health, safety, security, and environmental (HSSE) issues applicable to geophysical operations. The three tiers of HSSE guidance documents are: Tier 1: Management systems — development and implementation Tier 2: Specific management system aspects — contractor management Tier 3: Sector specific — managing geophysical risks
Reviews
Authors: Stalnaker Jack , Russell Brian
Published: August 2018

Electromagnetic Sounding of the Earth's Interior, by Viacheslav Spichak, ISBN 978-0-444-63554-9, 2015, Elsevier, 482 p. Seismic Attributes as the Framework for Data Integration Throughout the Oilfield Life Cycle, by Kurt Marfurt, ISBN 978-1-560-80351-5, 2018, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 508 p., US$137 (members), US$249 (nonmembers).
Compensation and Incentives in the Workplace
Authors: Lazear Edward P.
Published: August 2018

Labor is supplied because most of us must work to live. Indeed, it is called “work” in part because without compensation, the overwhelming majority of workers would not otherwise perform the tasks. The theme of this essay is that incentives affect behavior and that economics as a science has made good progress in specifying how compensation and its form influences worker effort. This is a broad topic, and the purpose here is not a comprehensive literature review on each of many topics. Instead, a sample of some of the most applicable papers are discussed with the goal of demonstrating that compensation, incentives, and productivity are inseparably linked.
Imposto territorial urbano e predial
Authors: Falcão Valdemar
Published: August 2018

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Taxas rodoviárias e imposto territorial
Authors: Pereira Celso Afonso
Published: August 2018

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Magistrado- vencimentos majorados após a disponibilidade
Authors: Nunes Castro
Published: August 2018

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Dívida fiscal - Prescrição
Authors: Freire Aníbal
Published: August 2018

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Magistrado em disponibilidade - Cálculo de proventos - Artigo 18 das
Disposições Transitórias da Constituição de 1934
Authors: Silva Carlos Medeiros
Published: August 2018

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Magistrado em disponibilidade - Cálculo de proventos - Verba de
representação
Authors: Nunes Castro
Published: August 2018

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Cargo público
Authors: Duncan Sílvio
Published: August 2018

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Aplicação de penalidades
Authors: Lopes Luís Simões
Published: August 2018

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Pena disciplinar - Representação
Authors: Barbosa Henrique
Published: August 2018

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Margem de rios - Domínio estadual
Authors: Bittencourt Carlos Alberto Lúcio
Published: August 2018

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Isenção tributária
Authors: Bittencourt Carlos Alberto Lúcio
Published: August 2018

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Resseguro - Aceitação de operação direta, de caráter facultativo
Authors: Servidores do Estado Instituto de Previdência E Assistência dos
Published: August 2018

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Sociedades anônimas estrangeira
Authors: Comércio Ministério do Trabalho Indússtira e
Published: August 2018

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Previdência social - Prescrição da dívida ativa das autarquias
Authors: Saraiva Oscar
Published: August 2018

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A divisão territorial administrativa e judiciária do Brasil
Authors: Lima Raul
Published: August 2018

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Leis federais e leis estaduais
Authors: Leal Victor Nunes
Published: August 2018

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Organização judiciária dos territórios
Authors: Leal Victor Nunes
Published: August 2018

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Lei Constitucional n.°9, de 28 de fevereiro de 1945
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.°7.154, de 14 de dezembro de 1945
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.°7.192, de 23 de dezembro de 1945
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.°7.319, de 14 de fevereiro de 1945
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Tribunal marítimo Administrativo
Authors: Faria Bento De
Published: August 2018

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Funcionários públicos estaduais e municipais
Authors: Oliveira Antonio Gonçalves de
Published: August 2018

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Participação de funcionário em sociedade comercial
Authors: Filho A. Lami
Published: August 2018

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Antiguidade de classe
Authors: Barbosa Henrique
Published: August 2018

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Energia elétrica
Authors: Bittencourt Carlos Alberto Lúcio
Published: August 2018

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Lucros extraordinários
Authors: Góis Coriolano De
Published: August 2018

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Imposto e taxa
Authors: Pasqualini Alberto
Published: August 2018

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Brasileiros natos e naturalizados
Authors: Cortes Heitor de Menezes
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.°7.501 de 30 de abril de 1945
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.° 18.517, de 30 de abril de 1945
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.°7.504, de 30 de abril de 1945
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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O direito administrativo e os tribunais
Authors: Pound Roscoe
Published: August 2018

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Imposto de transmissão. Cessão de promessa de venda de imóveis
Authors: Guimarães Carlos da Rocha
Published: August 2018

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Empresas incorporadas à União
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: August 2018

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Concessão de serviço público. Lei de usura
Authors: Faria Bento De
Published: August 2018

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Desapropriação. Imóvel sujeito a imposto predial
Authors: Lôbo Cândido
Published: August 2018

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Desapropriação. Terrenos de marinha. Domínio útil.
Authors: Oliveira Itabaina De
Published: August 2018

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Autarquia. Não equiparação à Fazenda Pública, na classificação de
créditos
Authors: Mota Paula
Published: August 2018

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Aposentadoria. Moléstia contagiosa e incurável.
Authors: Barreto Barros
Published: August 2018

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Funcionário interino. Natureza precária do provimento.
Authors: Linhares José
Published: August 2018

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Atos legislativos. Considerandos
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Reintegração de funcionário. Cabimento
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Aforamento. Proibição de resgate
Authors: Guimarães Hahnemann
Published: August 2018

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Serviços públicos concedidos
Authors: Filho Sá
Published: August 2018

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Registro de estrangeiros
Authors: Negócios Interiores Ministério da Justiça E
Published: August 2018

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Empreitada. Teoria da imprevisão.
Authors: Bittencourt Carlos Alberto Lúcio
Published: August 2018

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Concessões ou contratos para prestações de serviços públicos
Authors: Campos Francisco
Published: August 2018

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Banco do Brasil. Estrutura jurídica.
Authors: Napoleão Hugo Tossetti
Published: August 2018

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As tarifas nas concessões de serviços de utilidade pública
Authors: Burkinski Francisco
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.°7.827 de 4 de agosto de 1945
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.°7.716 de 6 de julho de 1945
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.°7.730 de 12 de julho de 1945
Authors: Lopes Luís Simões
Published: August 2018

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