bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis cyst versus ovarian cystadenoma based on serum lactate dehydrogenase combined with CA-125 and CA19-9: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Su Chang , Yang Jian , Ding Jin , Ding Huafeng
Published: November 2024

This study aims to construct and validate a nomogram for the differential diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis cyst versus ovarian cystadenoma. We retrospectively studied the clinical characteristics of patients with ovarian endometriosis cysts and ovarian cystadenomas from January 1, 2021, to June 1, 2022. Independent risk factors for differential diagnosis were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Based on these factors, a differential diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis cyst versus ovarian cystadenoma was established. The performance of the nomogram model was assessed by internal validation using bootstrapping resampling. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the net clinical benefit of the model. Immunohistochemistry showed that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) A was overexpressed in ectopic endometrial tissues compared to that in normal endometrial tissues. In multivariate analysis, LDH, CA-125, and CA19-9 were identified as independent risk factors for the differential diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis cyst versus ovarian cystadenoma. LDH levels >135.50 U/L combined with CA-125 levels >25.20 U/mL and CA19-9 levels >13.59 U/mL as single covariates had a high value in the differential diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis cysts versus ovarian cystadenoma. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the nomogram constructed using LDH, CA-125, and CA19-9 expression data was 0.873 (95% CI, 0.827–0.920), and the bootstrap-validated concordance index (C-index) was 0.871. Decision curve analysis confirmed that the nomogram model had excellent clinical utility. Based on serum lactate dehydrogenase combined with CA-125 and CA19-9, we constructed and validated a nomogram for the differential diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis cyst versus ovarian cystadenoma to help physicians formulate the optimal treatment strategy.
High-altitude retinopathy and retinal hemorrhage: A case report
Authors: Fu Rao , Liu Dachuan , Wang Yenan
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

High-altitude retinopathy (HAR) is a retinal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to hypoxic environments at high altitudes, posing a significant threat to visual health and potentially leading to severe vision impairment. There have been limited references of HAR, with observations of its clinical manifestations and prognosis remaining insufficient. Some reports suggest that HAR may spontaneously resolve without eliciting any noticeable symptoms. This case focuses on the disease progression and follow-up results of a typical HAR patient, and a comprehensive ophthalmic examination was conducted, encompassing not only fundus examination and optic coherence tomography (OCT), but also fundus fluorescein angiography, Humphrey visual field examination, and electroretinogram.

Patient concerns:

A 41-year-old healthy Chinese man ascended from an altitude of 143 ft (43.5 m) to 13,780 ft (4200 m) rapidly. After living locally for 4 months, he developed decreased vision accompanied by visual field defects in his left eye.

Diagnoses:

Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral papilledema, peripapillary hemorrhage in his left eye, and retinal hemorrhage in the macular area of optic papilla. He was diagnosed with HAR.

Interventions:

Peribulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the left eye, along with oral ginkgo biloba tablets to improve microcirculation, as well as mecobalamin tablets and vitamin B1 tablets for neural nutrition.

Outcomes:

After 4 months, the patient’s visual field defect decreased, and retinal hemorrhage was absorbed.

Lessons:

This case comprehensively reveals the clinical features of HAR, and highlights that HAR can lead to permanent visual function impairment if the individual fails to promptly leave the pathogenic environment.
Language and cultural concordance to promote equity in organ transplantation for Hispanics with limited English proficiency
Authors: Vélez-Bermúdez Miriam , Myaskovsky Larissa
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review

Hispanics with limited English proficiency (LEP) face unique challenges in accessing organ transplantation due to limited culturally concordant care and linguistically appropriate resources, leading to disparities in healthcare delivery and transplantation outcomes. This review examines how language barriers affect access to kidney and liver transplant, and highlights the importance of institutional support for quality interpretation services in promoting healthcare equity in transplantation.

Recent findings

Hispanics experience greater disease burden, but are less likely to receive a transplant compared to non-Hispanic Whites. LEP is a significant barrier to transplantation. Culturally and linguistically concordant interventions, such as the “Hispanic Kidney Transplant Program,” have demonstrated success in improving transplant-related outcomes among Hispanics. However, limited resources affect widespread implementation, and the broad lack of interpretation services in healthcare settings delay timely care in transplantation.

Despite some progress demonstrated by culturally and linguistically concordant clinical intervention trials, disparities in transplantation for Hispanics with LEP remain. Enhancing the availability of interpretation services, recruiting and hiring bilingual healthcare professionals, and training healthcare staff to effectively engage with language and interpretation resources are critical to improving health equity. Efforts must prioritize language access and cultural concordance to address the unique challenges faced by Hispanics with LEP.
Mutations associated with tetracycline resistance detected in Treponema spp.- an analysis of 4,355 Spirochaetales genomes
Authors: Manoharan-Basil Sheeba Santhini , Gestels Zina , Abdellati Saïd , de Block Tessa , Vanbaelen Thibaut , De Baetselier Irith , Kenyon Chris
Published: November 2024

Background The resurgence of syphilis has necessitated novel prophylactic strategies, such as the use of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP). However, the potential for increased doxycycline use to select for tetracycline resistance represents significant challenges in managing this sexually transmitted infection. This study aims to identify chromosomal mutations associated with tetracycline resistance in Spirochaetales to inform molecular surveillance tools. Methods Whole genome sequences (WGS) from the Spirochaetales order, including 4,355 genomes, were analyzed for the presence of mutations in 16S rRNA and non-synonymous mutations in the rpsC and rpsJ genes. The study utilized WGS from GenBank® and sequence data from the PubMLST Treponema pallidum isolate collection. Genetic resistance to tetracycline was detected using a combination of BLASTN searches and gene-gene analysis. Results A transition mutation TGA to TGG at positions 965-967 in the 16S rRNA gene was detected in 5.6% of Treponema spp. and 4.0% of Spirochaeta spp. genomes. The rpsJ gene exhibited a V57G amino acid substitution across a significant subset of Treponema spp. (n=14) and Spirochaeta spp. (n=1). Notably, the V57K substitution was present in Spirochaeta spp. (n=17) and Treponema spp. (n=15). The rpsC gene had the H178Q mutation and was found to be present in the Spirochaetales bacterium (n=4). Conclusion The identification of mutations associated with tetracycline resistance in Spirochaetales provides a foundation for the development of rapid molecular tests. This study underscores the complexity of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the critical importance of surveillance of genetic resistance determinants in the era of antibiotic prophylaxis for STI management.
Risk Prediction for ALS using Semi-competing Risks Models with Applications to the ALS Natural History Consortium Dataset
Authors: Arguedas Andres , Schneck David , Cui Erjia , Xenopoulos-Oddsson Annette , Arcila-Londono Ximena , Lunetta Christian , Wymer James , Olney Nicholas , Gwathmey Kelly , Ajroud-Driss Senda , Hayat Ghazala , Heiman-Patterson Terry , Cerri Federica , Fournier Christina , Glass Jonathan , Sherman Alex , Walk David , Fiecas Mark
Published: November 2024

Background and objectives

Important landmarks in progression of ALS can occur prior to death. Predictive models for the time these occur can assist in clinical trial design and personal patient planning. We propose a predictive model, using a semi-competing risks modeling approach, for five important disease progression landmarks in ALS.

Methods

Longitudinal data on 1,508 participants from the ALS Natural History Consortium were used, including the ALSFRS-R score collected at different clinic visits and baseline patient characteristics. A semi-competing risks modeling approach was used to study the time to certain disease progression landmarks accounting for the possibility of death. Specifically, time to gastrostomy, use of NIV, continuous use of NIV, loss of speech, and loss of ambulation were chosen and modeled individually. To measure the predictive capabilities of the model, the integrated Brier score was computed for each model using cross-validation for the NHC data. Data from Emory University were used for external validation of the models.

Results

We present model results using gastrostomy as the intermediate outcome. Similar trends in disease progression groups were found across all model pathways. The sub-scores for speech and swallow, and respiratory function, as well as diagnostic delay, were the most important covariates. Predictive metrics in both internal and external validation are presented across all models and for different pathways.

Conclusions

Semi-competing risks modeling is a flexible approach to studying disease progression. Our data show that this modeling approach can be used to inform clinical trial modeling and people living with ALS.
PIEZO1 overexpression in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Park Hyojin , Lee Sungwoon , Furtado Jessica , Robinson Mark , Schwartz Martin , Young Lawrence , Eichmann Anne
Published: November 2024

Background

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited vascular disorder characterized by arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Loss-of-function mutations in Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) cause type 2 HHT andAlk1knockout (KO) mice develop AVMs due to overactivation of VEGFR2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. However, the full spectrum of signaling alterations inAlk1mutants remains unknown and means to combat AVM formation in patients are yet to be developed.

Methods

Single-cell RNA sequencing of endothelial-specificAlk1KO mouse retinas and controls identified a cluster of endothelial cells (ECs) that was unique toAlk1mutants and that overexpressed fluid shear stress (FSS) signaling signatures including upregulation of the mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1. PIEZO1 overexpression was confirmed in human HHT lesions, and genetic and pharmacological PIEZO1 inhibition was tested inAlk1KO mice, as well as downstream PIEZO1 signaling.

Results

Pharmacological PIEZO1 inhibition, and geneticPiezo1deletion inAlk1-deficient mice effectively mitigated AVM formation. Furthermore, we identified that elevated VEGFR2/AKT, ERK5-p62-KLF4, hypoxia and proliferation signaling were significantly reduced inAlk1-Piezo1double ECKO mice.

Conclusions

PIEZO1 overexpression and signaling is integral to HHT2, and PIEZO1 blockade reduces AVM formation and alleviates cellular and molecular hallmarks of ALK1-deficient cells. This finding provides new insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of ALK1-related vascular diseases and identifies potential therapeutic targets to prevent AVMs.
Replicating cardiovascular outcome trials of medications used to treat type 2 diabetes using real-world data: A systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Wang Wanning , Tang Wang-Choi , Webster-Clark Michael , Yu Oriana HY , Filion Kristian B
Published: November 2024

Background: Cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) are mandated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to assess the cardiovascular safety of new antidiabetic medications before entering the market. However, CVOTs often involve highly selective populations and results may not generalize to real-world settings. Methods: Our study aimed to synthesize observational studies to assess the generalizability of CVOTs to real-world settings. We systematically reviewed observational studies that emulated previous CVOTs for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors among patients with type 2 diabetes. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for observational studies that focused on trial emulation or cross-sectional studies that reported the proportion of real-world patients eligible for completed CVOTs. Two independent reviewers screened articles, extracted data, and assessed study concordance with randomized controlled trial (RCT) results. Results: Nineteen studies were included in our systematic review, including four cohort studies that emulated previous RCTs and 15 cross-sectional studies that evaluated trial eligibility. Results between RCTs and real-world data (RWD) were concordant for all drug classes in finding non-inferiority. The median eligibility percentage ranged from 13% to 31% for SGLT-2 inhibitor trials and 12% to 43% for GLP-1 receptor agonist trials. Conclusions: These results suggest that, while RCTs and RWD are concordant in their estimates, the trials lack representativeness. More research is needed on the replication of CVOTs using RWD to understand how different replication methods may impact findings.
Mature tuft cell phenotypes are sequentially expressed along the intestinal crypt-villus axis following cytokine-induced tuft cell hyperplasia
Authors: des Amorie Julian R. Buissant , Betjes Max A. , Bernink Jochem , Hageman Joris H. , Heinz Maria C. , Jordens Ingrid , Vinck Tiba , Houtekamer Ronja M. , Verlaan-Klink Ingrid , Brunner Sascha R. , Laskaris Dimitrios , van Rheenen Jacco , Gloerich Martijn , Clevers Hans , van Zon Jeroen S. , Tans Sander J. , Snippert Hugo J.G.
Published: November 2024

Intestinal tuft cells are epithelial sentinels that trigger host defense upon detection of parasite-derived compounds. While representing interesting targets for immunomodulatory therapies in inflammation-driven intestinal diseases, their detailed functioning is poorly understood. Although two distinct intestinal tuft cell types have been described, we reveal common intermediary transcriptomes among tuft cells in mouse and human. Tuft cell-specific reporter knock-ins in organoids show that the two tuft types are sequentially expressed transcriptomic states that represent different maturation stages. Moreover, cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 only induce lineage specification to Nrep+tuft-1 cells, while BMP and cholinergic signalling advance differentiation towards immune-related ChAT+tuft-2 phenotypes. Functionally, both tuft cell states have chemosensory capacity and respond to stimuli like succinate, but reaction probability increases during tuft cell maturation. Our tuft type-specific reporters and optimized differentiation strategy in organoids provide an experimental platform to study the functioning of tuft cells and their unique chemosensory properties.
How do businesses utilize change management for process optimization? A cross-analysis among industrial sectors
Authors: Monferdini Laura , Bottani Eleonora
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to present a systematic literature review of 176 studies relating to change management in the context of process optimization and to investigate how companies effectively use change management to optimize processes across different industrial sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

Descriptive statistics are used to represent patterns, trends and correlations between change management strategies, research methods applied for processes optimization and industry field. A comprehensive analysis of the papers’ keywords, crossed with research methods and industrial sectors, allowed us to substantiate the results in analytic terms. For some selected studies, chosen on the basis of their significance to the research field, the contents were mapped and discussed in detail.

Findings

This study provides numerous insights into the various applications of change management across different industry fields. In general, change management appears to be no longer a theoretical discipline, showing instead practical relevance, which is reflected in testing theories through case studies and real implementations. The review emphasizes the need for careful and systemic planning by companies, effective communication, employee involvement and supportive organizational culture. These factors are crucial for enhancing process efficiency and employee acceptance of change. Digital technologies also prove to be valuable support for change management during process optimization.

Originality/value

The innovative contribution of this paper consists of the joint perspective taken when looking at process optimization and the application of change management strategies. Such a perspective favors an in-depth examination of the interactions between the two aspects and provides more comprehensive results compared to the existing literature.
Balancing efficiency and fairness in an output-based agency relationship: an empirical investigation of the cognitive factors favouring a win–win situation
Authors: Ferrari Filippo
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This research aims to investigate whether, in a principal–agent relationship, personal characteristics of the agent (seniority, locus of control (LOC), self-efficacy (SE), risk appetite (RA)) have an impact on their performance, on costs for the principal and on organizational justice (distributive justice (DJ) especially) in a sample of insurance brokers.

Design/methodology/approach

The adopted structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis highlights the different role that personal characteristics play in affecting or moderating the agent’s performance. Moreover, the mediation analysis highlights the role played by gender and tenure in moderating the relationship between personal characteristics and work outcomes.

Findings

The findings of this study suggest that an agency relationship is not based only on rational choices made by the principal and agent in their own self-interest, but also by other idiosyncratic factors that influence the outcome of the relationship.

Research limitations/implications

In order to better understand the agent’s behaviour, agency relationship investigation should consider other psychological variables in addition to the traditionally considered risk orientation, uncertainty and information asymmetry.

Practical implications

This study gives specific insights into preventing undesired behaviours, e.g. organizational withdrawal, opportunism, high staff/employee turnover, as advocated by current literature.

Originality/value

By systemically investigating and analysing personal characteristics of the agent such as LOC, agent’s SE and RA, this study provides an original contribution to the knowledge on the determinants of costs and effectiveness in the agency relationship.
Personalizing videos to improve fundraising: evidence from reward-based crowdfunding
Authors: Yang Jialiang , Arseneault Rene , Calic Goran
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Drawing on integrated insights from signaling theory and the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, this study investigates the effect of video personalization on crowdfunding performance. “Video personalization” is defined as information presented in a video in a way that is designed to promote the feeling of being and interacting with others. This study also aimed to examine the moderating effects among various signals of video personalization.

Design/methodology/approach

This study constructs a theoretical model of how video personalization affects crowdfunding performance through an integrated theory lens. This study measures several signals of video personalization, namely, first-person wording (FPW), second-person wording (SPW), asking questions and talking to the camera. The direct and moderating effects of video personalization on crowdfunding performance are examined by using 2,858 crowdfunding projects on Kickstarter.

Findings

This study revealed that using SPW, asking questions and talking directly to the camera positively impact crowdfunding performance, while talking to the camera attenuates the positive effect of using SPW and asking questions with respect to funding amounts.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on resource mobilization in crowdfunding by examining how video personalization impacts resource mobilization in a crowdfunding setting. The findings extend signaling theory by broadening its boundaries. This advance is accomplished by integrating insights from cognitive science into signaling theory. This study also contributes to cognitive theory in multimedia learning by identifying novel ways to personalize videos and by broadening that work to a novel empirical context, entrepreneurship.
Motivations to reuse smart mobility: unpacking behavioral dynamics through a multi-analytical approach
Authors: Chung Chanho , Kim Myung Ja , Chung Namho , Olya Hossein
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to identify which intrinsic motivations (ride comfort, safety and app convenience) and extrinsic motivation (monetary value) are sufficient and necessary to stimulate the reuse intention of smart mobility services. It also aims to understand the effect of gender on the impacts of these motivations on reuse intention.

Design/methodology/approach

This research utilized a multi-analytical approach with the combination of survey and qualitative analysis methods to enquire into the roles of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations influencing the reuse intention of smart mobility among different gender groups. Specifically, the study was conducted through the application of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), multigroup analysis (MGA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).

Findings

The findings of this research revealed that monetary value and ride comfort have a positive impact on travel consumers’ intention to reuse smart mobility for both gender groups. While ride comfort was the sole necessary factor for male users, ride comfort and app convenience were necessary conditions for females in their intention to reuse smart mobilities. Moreover, results indicated that females tend to rate safety and app convenience higher than males in their decision to reuse smart mobility.

Originality/value

Using an analytical research approach enables the development of in-depth insights into how different relationships and configurations of motivational factors impact travel consumers’ reuse intentions based on different gender roles. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical research to identify the necessary motivations for reusing smart mobility services.
Understanding sustainable investments: an empirical study of best-in-class mutual funds
Authors: López Vázquez Belén , MartÍnez-Gonzalo Jóse-MarÍa , Gómez Olmedo Ana M. , Guevara Riera María Fernanda
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This research aims to examine mutual funds investment behavior to further understand the dynamics of sustainable investments in the global marketplace and their evolution. Sustainable investing is increasing in the market due to (1) its performance, (2) the investors' criteria and (3) the companies' interest in contributing to sustainable development.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore this area, we evaluated Morningstar's best-in-class funds, that is, five-star rated in profitability and five globes in sustainability, while adding rankings such as Sustainalytics to further test the performance against ESG criteria. To test the hypotheses, we used regression statistics to find correlations between quantitative and qualitative factors such as diversification of the investments per sector and region or fund category.

Findings

The results show that funds invested in different sectors, such as technology and healthcare, contributed to an increase in the overall profitability of the fund, while investments in other industries were less profitable. The contribution of this study is based on empirical data that shows why and how ESG investments are growing based on their market evolution.

Originality/value

This study aims to advance knowledge of SRI investment, profitability and market growth, particularly by showing sustainable investment dynamics per industry (e.g. Technology) and regions (e.g. Europe) which not only favor future investments but also sustainable economic growth.
Cross-market volatility dynamics in crypto and traditional financial instruments: quantifying the spillover effect
Authors: Shahrour Mohamad H. , Lemand Ryan , Mourey Mathis
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper examines the volatility spillover effects from traditional financial assets to cryptocurrency markets and vice versa. It aims to provide insights into the dynamic interconnectedness of these markets.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper employs the time-varying parameter vector autoregression technique to examine the volatility spillover among the crypto markets (across leading cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin (BTC), USD Tether, NEAR Protocol (NEAR), Immutable and Dogecoin) and traditional financial instruments (Treasury Bills (TBILL) and Volatility Index).

Findings

The results reveal significant bidirectional volatility spillovers between cryptocurrencies and traditional financial assets. NEAR and BTC act as a major transmitter of volatility, both influencing others significantly (71.63 and 68.17%, respectively) and being influenced by others (54.74 and 62.3%, respectively). TBILL and Grayscale Bitcoin Trust ETF are the largest net receivers of volatility, indicating a higher dependency on other assets’ volatility.

Practical implications

Understanding the volatility spillover dynamics can aid investors in portfolio diversification and risk management. The findings provide actionable insights for constructing portfolios that include both cryptocurrencies and traditional financial assets, allowing for more informed investment decisions under volatile market conditions.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature by analyzing volatility spillovers among traditional financial markets and various major cryptocurrencies. It offers a framework for assessing how shocks in one market or cryptocurrency can propagate to others, thereby enhancing the understanding of interconnectedness between markets. This understanding improves our ability to risk manage modern portfolios, which increasingly include significant alternative assets like cryptocurrencies.
Innovative food supply chain through spatial computing technologies: A review
Authors: Ma Peihua , Jia Xiaoxue , Gao Mairui , Yi Zicheng , Tsai Shawn , He Yiyang , Zhen Dongyang , Blaustein Ryan A. , Wang Qin , Wei Cheng‐I. , Fan Bei , Wang Fengzhong
Published: November 2024

The global food supply chain faces significant challenges related to inefficiencies, quality variability, and traceability issues, all of which contribute to food waste and consumer distrust. Spatial computing (SC) technologies, including augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and digital twins, offer promising solutions by enhancing precision agriculture, logistics, manufacturing, and retail operations. This review explores SC's potential across the entire food supply continuum, emphasizing improvements in resource management, supply chain transparency, and consumer engagement. Despite its promise, the widespread adoption of SC is limited by technical challenges and a lack of standardized protocols. The findings suggest that while SC has the potential to revolutionize the food supply chain by improving sustainability, efficiency, and safety, further interdisciplinary research and collaboration are essential to fully unlock its capabilities.
Carboxymethyl chitosan: Synthesis, functional properties, and applications in sustainable food packaging material
Authors: Pan Qingyan , Ma Huawei , Liu Zhe , Pan Chuanyan , Zuo Xifeng , Cheng Si , Li Keying , Lv Jun , Guo Ailing
Published: November 2024

Global environmental concerns about non‐degradable packaging materials are increasing. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), a polysaccharide widely used in the food industry, has gained attention in the field of food packaging. Due to its biodegradability, film‐forming ability, and biocompatibility, CMCS has emerged as a sustainable option for degradable and functional food packaging materials, offering solutions to plastic pollution and food waste issues. This review explores CMCS as a food packaging and delivery material, detailing its synthesis methods, optimal preparation conditions, functional properties post‐carboxymethylation, and applications in the food industry, alongside safety assessments. It summarizes the physicochemical interactions of CMCS‐based composites and their impact on relevant properties, highlighting CMCS's potential as a green strategy for smart and active food packaging materials. Additionally, it presents the latest advancements in CMCS applications in the food industry over the past decade. CMCS exhibits good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties, and its functionality in food packaging films and delivery materials is enhanced through functional modification and polymerization. CMCS is widely used as a matrix for food preservation films or coatings and as a carrier for active ingredients, thereby improving the encapsulation efficiency and storage stability of functional food components. This review comprehensively outlines the applications of CMCS in the food industry, filling gaps in the existing literature, and laying a theoretical foundation for the development of CMCS technology. It provides a reference for further research, emphasizing the need to further investigate its molecular structure and chemical properties to optimize functionality and safety, thereby fully tapping into the potential of CMCS in the food industry.
Reassessing the importance of barley starch and amylolytic enzyme properties in malting and brewing
Authors: De Schepper Charlotte F. , Courtin Christophe M.
Published: November 2024

Efficient conversion of starch to fermentable sugars and dextrins is essential during brewing as it drives process efficiency, resource efficiency, and the quality of the end product. Recent changes in barley growth conditions due to climate change challenge brewers in maintaining these essential aspects of the brewing process. The main component of barley, starch, is also undergoing changes, which can lead to detrimental effects on the brewing process. Additionally, variations in barley genotype and preparatory processing, such as malting, can affect starch properties of the barley malt. These changes in and fluctuations of the raw material barley for brewing have led to recent research focusing on the importance of starch granule proportions, starch structure, and starch behavior as a means to cope with these new challenges. In this review, we summarize the main findings regarding starch properties and behavior from barley to beer, discuss the importance of balancing starch gelatinization and starch hydrolysis during the mashing process, identify research gaps, and suggest potential trajectories for future research.
Laboratory Experiments Suggest a Limited Impact of Increased Nitrogen Deposition on Snow Algae Blooms
Authors: Almela Pablo , Elser James J. , Giersch J. Joseph , Hotaling Scott , Rebbeck Victoria , Hamilton Trinity L.
Published: November 2024

Snow algal blooms decrease snow albedo and increase local melt rates. However, the causes behind the size and frequency of these blooms are still not well understood. One factor likely contributing is nutrient availability, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus. The nutrient requirements of the taxa responsible for these blooms are not known. Here, we assessed the growth of three commercial strains of snow algae under 24 different nutrient treatments that varied in both absolute and relative concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. After 38 days of incubation, we measured total biomass and cell size and estimated their effective albedo reduction surface. Snow algal strains tended to respond similarly and achieved bloom‐like cell densities over a wide range of nutrient conditions. However, the molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus at which maximum biomass was achieved was between 4 and 7. Our data indicate a high requirement for phosphorus for snow algae and highlights phosphorus availability as a critical factor influencing the frequency and extent of snow algae blooms and their potential contribution to snow melt through altered albedo. Snow algae can thrive across a range of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) conditions, with a higher P requirement for optimal growth. Our study suggests that increased N deposition may have a limited impact on snow algae bloom occurrence and size, emphasising P as a key factor influencing these blooms and their potential to accelerate snow melt by lowering albedo.
Comparative biochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal the bases of Rhopalosiphum padi L. resistance in Aegilops tauschii Coss.
Authors: Narang Deepika , Singh Beant , Grewal Satvir Kaur , Kaur Satinder , Chhuneja Parveen
Published: November 2024

Rhopalosiphum padi L. is one of the most devastating cereal aphids in the world. Its feeding does not induce a clear phytotoxic response in plants. Little information is available on defence response triggered by R. padi feeding on wild wheats, frequently used to improve hexaploid wheat. An attempt has been made to understand the differential biochemical and molecular responses of R. padi feeding on moderately resistant and susceptible Aegilops tauschii genotypes. RNA‐Seq based transcriptomic analysis was conducted on 14 day‐old leaf tissues of moderately aphid resistant (R) genotype (Ae. tauschii pau14232) and susceptible (S) genotype (Ae. tauschii pau14138) infested with R. padi for 12, 24 and 48 h. Plant response to aphid infestation was comparatively faster in R genotype. A total of 10,589 genes were altered in R genotype in comparison to only 8068 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S genotypes. There was a gradual increase in significant DEGs from 12 to 48 h after R. padi infestation in R (4931–6582) and S genotype (4860–5736). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that 18 pathway genes were differentially expressed in R and S genotypes at different feeding time intervals. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of DEGs after R. padi feeding indicated up‐regulation of genes for secondary metabolite synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐scavenging, transcription factors (ethylene responsive transcript factor [ERF], NAC, WRKY, MADS‐box and Myb) and salicylic acid and ethylene signalling pathways in R genotype while down‐regulation in S genotype. However, photosynthesis and light‐harvesting DEGs were down‐regulated in both the genotypes resulting in decreased chlorophyll content. Biochemical analysis showed that R. padi feeding induced substantial hydrogen peroxide accumulation in R genotype unlike in S genotype. Also, activities of peroxidase and catalase were comparatively higher in R than S genotype, confirming efficient ROS‐scavenging in R genotype. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction expression validation studies of 11 DEGs followed same trend as in RNA‐Seq data. Our study concluded up‐regulation of stress response genes, salicylate and ethylene signalling pathways and efficient ROS‐scavenging imparted a fitness advantage to R genotype during R. padi attack, resulting in reduced nymphiposition and nymphal survival. These findings will help in understanding the mechanism of host plant resistance and the development of aphid resistant wheat varieties.
Piezo1 exacerbates inflammation‐induced cartilaginous endplate degeneration by activating mitochondrial fission via the Ca2+/CaMKII/Drp1 axis
Authors: Lin Zhidi , Xu Guangyu , Lu Xiao , Wang Hongli , Lu Feizhou , Xia Xinlei , Song Jian , Jiang Jianyuan , Ma Xiaosheng , Zou Fei
Published: November 2024

Mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in degenerative joint diseases, including cartilaginous endplate (CEP) degeneration. To date, research into mitochondrial dynamics in IVDD is at an early stage. Since Piezo1 is a novel Ca2+‐permeable channel, we asked whether Piezo1 could modulate mitochondrial fission through Ca2+ signalling during CEP degeneration. In vitro and in vivo models of inflammation‐induced CEP degeneration were established with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found increased expression of Piezo1 in degenerated CEP tissues and LPS‐treated CEP cells. The Piezo1 activator Yoda1 exacerbated CEP cell senescence and apoptosis by triggering Ca2+ influx. Yoda1 also induced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction. In contrast, the Piezo1 inhibitor GsMTx4 exerted cytoprotective effects in LPS‐treated CEP cells. Additionally, the CaMKII inhibitor KN‐93 reversed Yoda1‐induced mitochondrial fission and restored mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 were regulated by the Ca2+/CaMKII signalling. The Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi‐1 suppressed mitochondrial fission, then reduced mitochondrial dysfunction and CEP cell death. Moreover, knockdown of Piezo1 by siRNA hindered CaMKII and Drp1 activation, facilitating the redistribution of mitochondrial Drp1 to the cytosol in LPS‐treated CEP cells. Piezo1 silencing improved mitochondrial morphology and function, thereby rescuing CEP cell senescence and apoptosis under inflammatory conditions. Finally, subendplate injection of GsMTx4 or AAV‐shPiezo1 alleviated CEP degeneration in a rat model. Thus, Piezo1 may exacerbate inflammation‐induced CEP degeneration by triggering mitochondrial fission and dysfunction via the Ca2+/CaMKII/Drp1 axis.
Prioritizing future evidence needs for marine and freshwater mammal conservation action
Authors: Hordern E. , White T.B. , Berthinussen A. , Smith R.K. , Sutherland W.J. , Christie A.P.
Published: November 2024

Marine and freshwater mammals are increasingly threatened due to human activity. To improve conservation practice, decisions should be informed by the available evidence on the effectiveness of conservation actions. Using a systematically collated database of studies that test the effectiveness of actions to conserve marine and freshwater mammals, we investigated the gaps and biases in the available scientific evidence base. While there is a growing evidence base covering actions to address key threats (e.g. fisheries and bycatch) to marine and freshwater mammal populations, we identified large geographic and taxonomic biases. There was no relationship between the number of studies and marine mammal species per ecoregion and we found biases towards coastal areas of the Global North, with many regions and species having little or no evidence available. The number of studies per species did not correlate with (1) the threat level, (2) evolutionary distinctiveness or (3) the public ‘popularity’ of the study species. We also found a mismatch between actions tested and the actions suggested as needed in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Several of these gaps and biases likely reflect the feasibility of researching marine mammal populations; many species can be difficult to access, with limited baseline information on populations and threats, and testing actions can require costly long‐term monitoring. Prioritizing the most cost‐effective conservation strategies for marine and freshwater mammal species will require a comprehensive evidence base on the effects of actions. Continuing to build the necessary baseline data, and focusing future research and funding towards the priority gaps identified in this study will be important to deliver this target.
ConAn: Measuring and Evaluating User Confidence in Visual Data Analysis Under Uncertainty
Authors: Musleh M. , Ceneda D. , Ehlers H. , Raidou R. G.
Published: November 2024

User confidence plays an important role in guided visual data analysis scenarios, especially when uncertainty is involved in the analytical process. However, measuring confidence in practical scenarios remains an open challenge, as previous work relies primarily on self‐reporting methods. In this work, we propose a quantitative approach to measure user confidence—as opposed to trust—in an analytical scenario. We do so by exploiting the respective user interaction provenance graph and examining the impact of guidance using a set of network metrics. We assess the usefulness of our proposed metrics through a user study that correlates results obtained from self‐reported confidence assessments and our metrics—both with and without guidance. The results suggest that our metrics improve the evaluation of user confidence compared to available approaches. In particular, we found a correlation between self‐reported confidence and some of the proposed provenance network metrics. The quantitative results, though, do not show a statistically significant impact of the guidance on user confidence. An additional descriptive analysis suggests that guidance could impact users' confidence and that the qualitative analysis of the provenance network topology can provide a comprehensive view of changes in user confidence. Our results indicate that our proposed metrics and the provenance network graph representation support the evaluation of user confidence and, subsequently, the effective development of guidance in VA.
Aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index outperforms Fibrosis‐4 in 2843 Korean patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Jang Se Young , Yoon Ki Tae , Cho Young Youn , Jo Hoon Gil , Baek Yang Hyun , Moon Sang Yi , Jo Ae Jeong , Kweon Young‐Oh , Park Soo Young , Lee Yu Rim , Jun Dae Won , Tak Won Young
Published: November 2024

Aim

The definition of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has recently been proposed. We aim to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of noninvasive fibrosis markers in predicting liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and MASLD.

Methods

This retrospective study involved 2843 patients diagnosed with steatotic liver disease at six tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Liver fibrosis was assessed using vibration‐controlled transient elastography, and various noninvasive markers, including the aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), and serum Mac‐2‐binding protein glycosylation isomer were analyzed.

Results

Among 1106 patients, 79.9% met criteria for NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD. The APRI had area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.819, 0.821, and 0.818 for liver fibrosis ≥F2, and 0.819, 0.824, and 0.884 for liver fibrosis ≥F3, and 0.890, 0.884, and 0.889 for fibrosis ≥F4 in NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD, respectively. The FIB‐4 index showed AUC values of 0.776, 0.793, and 0.778 for fibrosis ≥F2, 0.788, 0.814, and 0.79 for fibrosis ≥F3, and 0.846, 0.859, and 0.856 for fibrosis ≥F4. The APRI consistently had the highest AUC values, except in individuals older than 64 years for fibrosis ≥F4.

Conclusions

The APRI was the most effective noninvasive fibrosis marker across NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD, particularly in age‐stratified analyses. Further research is needed to establish standardized cut‐off values and enhance the clinical utility of these markers in managing liver fibrosis.
Stabilizing MoB2 with HCP structure in (MoxHf(1‒x)/5Zr(1‒x)/5Ta(1‒x)/5V(1‒x)/5Nb(1‒x)/5)B2 via a high‐entropy strategy
Authors: Yang Yao , Bi Jianqiang , Qiao Linjing , Liang Guandong , Liang Shuyong , Liu Shushuai , Wang Shaoyin , Gong Hongyu , Qian Zhao , Shi Jinwang , Li Weiqiang
Published: November 2024

The properties of molybdenum diboride are intricately tied to its crystal structure, which includes two distinct phases, α‐MoB2 and β‐MoB2. The α‐MoB2 exhibits superior electrical and catalytic properties, akin to those of graphite due to the similar HCP structure. Nevertheless, the transformation between α‐MoB2 and β‐MoB2 is complicated and the formation of α‐MoB2 remains challenge due to higher Gibbs free energy. The MoB2 powder synthesized through boro/carbothermal reduction in this study suggests the β phase, transforming into α‐MoB2 completely via a high‐entropy strategy. It founds that the introduction of high‐entropy diborides (HEB) effectively inhibits the grain growth of samples, resulting in a significant enhancement in their hardness. The potential for the formation of a single‐phase between MoB2 and HEB is associated with Pauling electronegativity difference, δχP. Furthermore, the formation of a single‐phase solid solution was found to contribute to the improvement in the fracture toughness of the samples. This work presents a novel strategy for stabilizing α‐MoB2, offering valuable insights into understanding phase‐transition behavior in MoB2 and the solid solubility in multi‐component ceramics.
Navigating Tensions Between Indigeneity and Social Media Participation: A Case Study of the Guarani Community in South America
Authors: Smailhodzic Edin , Fernandes Aline , Dube Nonhlanhla , Tarafdar Monideepa
Published: November 2024

This study investigates inherent tensions between social media participation and the ways of life in an Indigenous community and subsequent navigation approaches. Relying on an in‐depth qualitative study and the notion of two‐eyed seeing as a theoretical approach, the study focuses on the complex relationship between social media platform participation and the ways of life in a ‘Guarani’ Indigenous community in South America. This community successfully navigates tensions between participation on social media platforms and preserving their traditional ways of life. We contribute to two streams of literature. First, we contribute to the literature on digital platforms and indigeneity showing that social media use by Indigenous communities leads to specific tensions, as these communities try to balance the use of social media with their desire to preserve their ways of life and protect the natural environment and how they navigate these tensions. Second, we contribute to the literature in relation to digital platforms and non‐economic value as we unpack social and environmental value in the context of the Indigenous community and show that non‐economic value benefits multiple entities. Overall, we contribute to a deeper understanding of how Indigenous communities navigate tensions between participation on social media and their traditional way of life. Our study also offers practical insights into how policy makers and designers of social media platforms can better meet Indigenous communities' needs.