bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induced histamine regulates Ni elution from an implanted Ni wire in mice by downregulating neutrophil migration
Authors: Kishimoto Yu , Asakawa Sanki , Sato Taiki , Takano Takayuki , Nakajyo Takahisa , Mizuno Natsumi , Segawa Ryosuke , Yoshikawa Takeo , Hiratsuka Masahiro , Yanai Kazuhiko , Ohtsu Hiroshi , Hirasawa Noriyasu
Published: February 2017

Histamine regulates various inflammatory reactions. We have reported that the expression of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) was induced by subcutaneous implantation of nickel (Ni) wire. However, the source and functions of histamine in Ni elution and Ni wire‐induced inflammation have not been completely studied. We aimed to elucidate the effects of de novo synthesized histamine on leucocyte infiltration and Ni elution. Implantation of Ni wire induced an increase in the Ni ion content of the surrounding tissues and serum and in themRNAlevels ofHDC, a histamine‐producing enzyme, macrophage inflammatory protein‐2 (MIP‐2), a chemoattractant for neutrophils, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), a chemoattractant for monocytes. The Ni wire inducedHDCexpression even in mast cell‐deficientWBB6F1‐W/WVmice. InHDCknockout (HDC KO) mice, the Ni wire‐induced increase inMIP‐2mRNAexpression was significantly higher than that in wild‐type mice but notMCP‐1.MIP‐2 expression was enhanced in histamine H2 receptor knockout (H2RKO) mice but not inWBB6F1‐W/WVmice. Histamine inhibited NiCl2‐inducedMIP‐2mRNAexpression in mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) obtained from wild‐type mice; this inhibition was not observed inBMDMs from H2RKOmice. Ni elution increased inHDC KOmice, in which leucocyte infiltration also increased, and was suppressed in mice treated with neutrophil‐specific antibody. These results suggest that the Ni wire inducedHDCexpression in non‐mast cells and that, in the chronic phase of inflammation, endogenous histamine reduced Ni elution, probably through regulation ofMIP‐2 expression and neutrophil migration.
Filaggrin has evolved from an “S100 fused‐type protein” (SFTP) gene present in a common ancestor of amphibians and mammals
Authors: Mlitz Veronika , Hussain Tajamul , Tschachler Erwin , Eckhart Leopold
Published: February 2017

The expression of filaggrin in differentiated keratinocytes and the association of filaggrin mutations with ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis suggest that this prototypical member of the S100 fused‐type protein (SFTP) family plays a key role in the epidermal barrier to the environment. Here, we report that SFTP genes are present not only in amniotes but also in amphibians. Four SFTPs are expressed in the skin of the frog Xenopus laevis. The results of this study indicate that filaggrin has evolved from an ancestral SFTP that may have contributed to skin modifications during the evolutionary transition to terrestrial life.
UVB represses melanocyte cell migration and acts through β‐catenin
Authors: Bertrand Juliette U. , Petit Valérie , Hacker Elke , Berlin Irina , Hayward Nicholas K. , Pouteaux Marie , Sage Evelyne , Whiteman David C. , Larue Lionel
Published: February 2017

The exposure of skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can have both beneficial and deleterious effects: it can lead, for instance, to increased pigmentation and vitamin D synthesis but also to inflammation and skin cancer. UVB may induce genetic and epigenetic alterations and have reversible effects associated with post‐translational and gene regulation modifications. β‐catenin is a main driver in melanocyte development; although infrequently mutated in melanoma, its cellular localization and activity are frequently altered. Here, we evaluate the consequence of UVB on β‐catenin in the melanocyte lineage. We report that in vivo, UVB induces cytoplasmic/nuclear relocalization of β‐catenin in melanocytes of newborn mice and adult human skin. In mouse melanocyte and human melanoma cell lines in vitro, UVB increases β‐catenin stability, accumulation in the nucleus and cotranscriptional activity, leading to the repression of cell motility and velocity. The activation of the β‐catenin signalling pathway and its effect on migration by UVB are increased by an inhibitor of GSK3β, and decreased by an inhibitor of β‐catenin. In conclusion, UVB represses melanocyte migration and does so by acting through the GSK3‐β‐catenin axis.
Immediate‐type allergic and protease‐mediated reactions are involved in scratching behaviour induced by topical application of Dermatophagoides farinae extract in NC/Nga mice
Authors: Yamada Yoshihito , Ueda Yuhki , Nakamura Aki , Kanayama Shoji , Tamura Rie , Hashimoto Kei , Matsumoto Tatsumi , Ishii Ritsuko
Published: February 2017

Atopic dermatitis (AD)‐like dermatitis can be induced by repeated topical application of an ointment containing Dermatophagoides farinae body (Dfb) extract in NC/Nga mice. This AD‐like murine model also exhibits a biphasic increase in the number of scratching behaviour after topical application of Dfb ointment. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the scratching behaviour in each phase. An increase in the content of mast cell‐derived mediators such as histamine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine in the lesional skin and increased vascular permeability were observed in the early phase after the Dfb ointment application. Chlorpheniramine (H1 receptor antagonist) and cromoglycate (mast cell stabilizer) reduced the scratching behaviour in the early phase but not that in the later phase. Furthermore, the content of various endogenous pruritogens such as interleukin‐31 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in the lesional skin was increased 1 or 24 hours after the Dfb ointment application. Elevated expression of proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR‐2) was also observed in the epidermis. Finally, gabexate (serine protease inhibitor) reduced the scratching behaviour in both phases, and anti‐PAR2 antibody also showed a tendency to reduce both scratching behaviours. These findings suggest that immediate‐type allergic reactions caused by mast cell degranulation and PAR‐2 activation by proteases are involved in the scratching behaviour in this AD‐like model.
Metformin alleviates ageing cellular phenotypes in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Park Seul‐Ki , Shin Ok Sarah
Published: February 2017

Metformin is a popular antidiabetic biguanide, which has been considered as a candidate drug for cancer treatment and ageing prevention. Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a devastating disease characterized by premature ageing and severe age‐associated complications leading to death. The effects of metformin on HGPS dermal fibroblasts remain largely undefined. In this study, we investigated whether metformin could exert a beneficial effect on nuclear abnormalities and delay senescence in fibroblasts derived from HGPS patients. Metformin treatment partially restored normal nuclear phenotypes, delayed senescence, activated the phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase and decreased reactive oxygen species formation in HGPS dermal fibroblasts. Interestingly, metformin reduced the number of phosphorylated histone variant H2AX‐positive DNA damage foci and suppressed progerin protein expression, compared to the control. Furthermore, metformin‐supplemented aged mice showed higher splenocyte proliferation and mRNA expression of the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 2 than the control mice. Collectively, our results show that metformin treatment alleviates the nuclear defects and premature ageing phenotypes in HGPS fibroblasts. Thus, metformin can be considered a promising therapeutic approach for life extension in HGPS.
Most fish destined for fishmeal production are food‐grade fish
Authors: Cashion Tim , Le Manach Frédéric , Zeller Dirk , Pauly Daniel
Published: February 2017

Marine fisheries target and catch fish both for direct human consumption (DHC) as well as for fishmeal and fish oil, and other products. We derived the fractions used for each for 1950–2010 by fishing country, and thus provide a factual foundation for discussions of the optimal use of fisheries resources. From 1950 to 2010, 27% (~20 million tonnes annually) of globally reconstructed marine fisheries landings were destined for uses other than DHC. Importantly, 90% of fish destined for uses other than DHC are food‐grade or prime food‐grade fish, while fish without a ready market for DHC make up a much smaller proportion. These findings have implications for how we are using fish to feed ourselves or, more appropriately, how we are not using fish to feed ourselves.
Potassium channel gene associations with joint processing speed and white matter impairments in schizophrenia
Authors: Bruce H. A. , Kochunov P. , Paciga S. A. , Hyde C. L. , Chen X. , Xie Z. , Zhang B. , Xi H. S. , O'Donnell P. , Whelan C. , Schubert C. R. , Bellon A. , Ament S. A. , Shukla D. K. , Du X. , Rowland L. M. , O'Neill H. , Hong L. E.
Published: February 2017

Patients with schizophrenia show decreased processing speed on neuropsychological testing and decreased white matter integrity as measured by diffusion tensor imaging, two traits shown to be both heritable and genetically associated indicating that there may be genes that influence both traits as well as schizophrenia disease risk. The potassium channel gene family is a reasonable candidate to harbor such a gene given the prominent role potassium channels play in the central nervous system in signal transduction, particularly in myelinated axons. We genotyped members of the large potassium channel gene family focusing on putatively functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a population of 363 controls, 194 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) and 28 patients with affective disorders with psychotic features who completed imaging and neuropsychological testing. We then performed three association analyses using three phenotypes – processing speed, whole‐brain white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) and schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis. We extracted SNPs showing an association at a nominal P value of <0.05 with all three phenotypes in the expected direction: decreased processing speed, decreased FA and increased risk of SSD. A single SNP, rs8234, in the 3′ untranslated region of voltage‐gated potassium channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1) was identified. Rs8234 has been shown to affect KCNQ1 expression levels, and KCNQ1 levels have been shown to affect neuronal action potentials. This exploratory analysis provides preliminary data suggesting that KCNQ1 may contribute to the shared risk for diminished processing speed, diminished white mater integrity and increased risk of schizophrenia.
Experimental fossilization of mat‐forming cyanobacteria in coarse‐grained siliciclastic sediments
Authors: Newman S. A. , Klepac‐Ceraj V. , Mariotti G. , Pruss S. B. , Watson N. , Bosak T.
Published: February 2017

Microbial fossils and textures are commonly preserved in Ediacaran and early Cambrian coarse‐grained siliciclastic sediments that were deposited in tidal and intertidal marine settings. In contrast, the fossilization of micro‐organisms in similar marine environments of post‐Cambrian age is less frequently reported. Thus, temporal discrepancies in microbial preservation may have resulted from the opening and closing of a unique taphonomic window during the terminal Proterozoic and early Phanerozoic, respectively. Here, we expand upon previous work to identify environmental factors which may have facilitated the preservation of cyanobacteria growing on siliciclastic sand, by experimentally determining the ability of microbial mats to trap small, suspended mineral grains, and precipitate minerals from ions in solution. We show that (i) fine grains coat the sheaths of filamentous cyanobacteria (e.g., Nodosilinea sp.) residing within the mat, after less than 1 week of cell growth under aerobic conditions, (ii) clay minerals do not coat sterile cellulose fibers and rarely coat unsheathed cyanobacterial cells (e.g., Nostoc sp.), (iii) stronger disturbances (where culture jars were agitated at 170 rpm; 3 mm orbital diameter) produce the smoothest and most extensive mineral veneers around cells, compared with those agitated at slower rotational speeds (150 and 0 rpm), and (iv) mineral veneers coating cyanobacterial cells are ~1 μm in width. These new findings suggest that sheathed filamentous cyanobacteria may be preferentially preserved under conditions of high fluid energy. We integrate these results into a mechanistic model that explains the preservation of microbial fossils and textures in Ediacaran sandstones and siltstones, and in fine‐grained siliciclastic deposits that contain exceptionally preserved microbial mats.
Nitrate decline unlikely to have triggered release of dissolved organic carbon and phosphate to streams
Authors: Kalbitz Karsten , Kaiser Klaus , McDowell William H.
Published: February 2017

Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased in many surface waters in Europe and North America over the last two or three decades. Musolff et al. (2017) recently suggested that decreasing atmospheric N deposition has triggered increasing dissimilatory reduction and dissolution of Fe oxides in riparian zone soil, which has caused the release of sorbed organic matter (as well as sorbed phosphate). The wide organic carbon‐to‐iron ratios found by Musolff et al. (2017) are inconsistent with actual ratios found during reductive dissolution of Fe oxides. It is extremely unlikely that increased reductive dissolution of Fe oxides is the dominant mechanism causing the observed increases in stream DOC.
Evaluation of climate‐related carbon turnover processes in global vegetation models for boreal and temperate forests
Authors: Thurner Martin , Beer Christian , Ciais Philippe , Friend Andrew D. , Ito Akihiko , Kleidon Axel , Lomas Mark R. , Quegan Shaun , Rademacher Tim T. , Schaphoff Sibyll , Tum Markus , Wiltshire Andy , Carvalhais Nuno
Published: February 2017

Turnover concepts in state‐of‐the‐art global vegetation models (GVMs) account for various processes, but are often highly simplified and may not include an adequate representation of the dominant processes that shape vegetation carbon turnover rates in real forest ecosystems at a large spatial scale. Here, we evaluate vegetation carbon turnover processes in GVMs participating in the Inter‐Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI‐MIP, including HYBRID4, JeDi, JULES, LPJml, ORCHIDEE, SDGVM, and VISIT) using estimates of vegetation carbon turnover rate (k) derived from a combination of remote sensing based products of biomass and net primary production (NPP). We find that current model limitations lead to considerable biases in the simulated biomass and in k (severe underestimations by all models except JeDi and VISIT compared to observation‐based average k), likely contributing to underestimation of positive feedbacks of the northern forest carbon balance to climate change caused by changes in forest mortality. A need for improved turnover concepts related to frost damage, drought, and insect outbreaks to better reproduce observation‐based spatial patterns in k is identified. As direct frost damage effects on mortality are usually not accounted for in these GVMs, simulated relationships between k and winter length in boreal forests are not consistent between different regions and strongly biased compared to the observation‐based relationships. Some models show a response of k to drought in temperate forests as a result of impacts of water availability on NPP, growth efficiency or carbon balance dependent mortality as well as soil or litter moisture effects on leaf turnover or fire. However, further direct drought effects such as carbon starvation (only in HYBRID4) or hydraulic failure are usually not taken into account by the investigated GVMs. While they are considered dominant large‐scale mortality agents, mortality mechanisms related to insects and pathogens are not explicitly treated in these models.
Relationship between functional independence measure and geriatric nutritional risk index in pneumonia patients in long‐term nursing care facilities
Authors: Mitani Yuji , Oki Yutaro , Fujimoto Yukari , Yamaguchi Takumi , Iwata Kentaro , Watanabe Yu , Takahashi Kazuki , Yamada Kanji , Ishikawa Akira
Published: February 2017

Aim

The prevention of pneumonia is an urgent issue among Japanese older adults. However, little has been reported on the relationship between a Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) for the prevention of pneumonia in patients in long‐term care facilities in Japan. We aimed to clarify the relevance of FIM and GNRI for inpatients with and without pneumonia.

Methods

We identified 233 patients who were hospitalized in our long‐term nursing hospital from April 2012 to September 2013. We compared differences in FIM among GNRI classes for four groups: (i) pneumonia/high GNRI; (ii) pneumonia/low GNRI; (iii) no pneumonia/high GNRI; and (iv) no pneumonia/low GNRI. To assess the pneumonia predictors, we used a logistic regression for long‐term nursing patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed cut‐off values and the area under the curve.

Results

A total of 88 (37.8%) of 233 inpatients had pneumonia. FIM of the pneumonia/low GNRI groups was significantly lower than that of the no pneumonia/high and low GNRI groups. Logistic regression showed that FIM (P < 0.001; OR −1.035, 95% CI −1.019–1.051) and GNRI (P = 0.017; OR −1.038, 95% CI −1.007–1.070) were predictors of pneumonia. The cut‐off values for FIM and GNRI were 26.6 (P < 0.001, the area under the curve 0.70) and 80.5 (P < 0.001, the area under the curve 0.65), respectively.

Conclusion

Low activity and malnutrition might lead to the development of pneumonia. FIM and GNRI are useful predictor tools that could help to prevent pneumonia in Japanese patients in long‐term care facilities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1617–1622.
Glycemic control and disability‐free survival in hypoglycemic agent‐treated community‐dwelling older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Morita Takuro , Okuno Tazuo , Himeno Taroh , Watanabe Keisuke , Nakajima Kumie , Koizumi Yumi , Yano Hiroshi , Iritani Osamu , Okuro Masashi , Morimoto Shigeto
Published: February 2017

Aim

Although lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been believed to be an important marker of improvement of glycemic control in order to maintain better quality of life for patients with diabetes mellitus, a too low HbA1cmight be harmful in older adults. We investigated whether this was the case with respect to risk of support/care‐need certification in community‐dwelling older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

We analyzed 184 diabetes patients aged 65–94 years receiving glucose‐lowering medication/insulin. The end‐points were first support/care‐need certification and/or death. The relationships between four classes of HbA1cand risk of support/care‐need certification and/or death were determined using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results

During 5 years, 42 first support/care‐need certifications and 13 deaths occurred. The association of HbA1cwith risk of support/care‐need certification after adjustment for age, sex and confounding variables was J‐shaped, with the nadir at an HbA1clevel of 6.5 to <7.0%, and with an increased risk of support/care‐need certification (HR 3.45, 95% CI 1.02–11.6,P= 0.046) at an HbA1clevel of <6.0% compared with the nadir. When compared with patients with HbA1c≥6.0%, those with HbA1c<6.0% showed a higher risk of support/care‐need certification as a result of dementia (HR 12.5, 95% CI 3.00–52.2,P= 0.001), but not as a result of arthralgia/fracture, stroke or other disorders.

Conclusions

These observations show that a too low HbA1cmight be associated with a later risk of incident disability as a result of dementia in community‐dwelling older diabetes patients.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1858–1865.
The barriers and drivers of seafood consumption in Australia: A narrative literature review
Authors: Christenson Julia K. , O'Kane Gabrielle M. , Farmery Anna K. , McManus Alexandra
Published: February 2017

Although seafood is considered to be an important part of a healthy and balanced diet, many Australians still do not consume the recommended amounts for good health. Fish is an excellent source of protein, omega‐3 fatty acids and other nutrients, and studies have shown that seafood‐rich diets can have a lower impact on the environment than diets high in other animal proteins. Concerns about health and sustainability have led to an increased interest in understanding consumers' attitudes toward seafood. This review aims to assess the current knowledge on drivers and barriers to seafood consumption in the Australian context. Systematic search strategies were used to identify relevant peer‐reviewed journal articles from three electronic databases (SCOPUS, Web of Science and Science Direct) and grey literature reports from targeted government and industry websites. Accepted studies investigated drivers and/or barriers to seafood consumption in Australia through qualitative, quantitative, or mixed method designs. Initial searches identified 504 publications from which fourteen met the criteria for the review process. The reviewed studies revealed that influences on seafood consumption in Australia are similar to those identified in other developed countries. The leading drivers of seafood consumption are health, taste, and convenience, while the main barriers are price, availability, concerns about quality, and a lack of confidence in selecting and preparing seafood. Some possible intervention strategies targeted toward these factors are explored in the discussion. Future research should focus on designing and implementing specific interventions so that their effectiveness in increasing seafood consumption in Australia can be assessed.
Private Military and Security Labour Migration: The Case of Fiji
Authors: Kanemasu Yoko , Molnar Gyozo
Published: February 2017

Private military and security companies (PMSCs) are a fast‐growing global industry. While the rise of PMSCs and their activities have attracted much media coverage and growing scholarly attention, little is known about their sourcing of masses of military labour from the global South. This exploratory study examines the case of Fiji, whose thousands of ex/current disciplinary force personnel and unemployed men have been contracted by PMSCs to provide security work in Iraq and other high‐conflict areas. The article shows this to be an instance of unequal core‐periphery military labour trade, outlining its scale, processes and impacts on the migrants. It also illuminates how the migrants’ collective agency is demonstrated even under powerful structural constraints.
Implementing standardized performance indicators to improve hypertension control at both the population and healthcare organization levels
Authors: Campbell Norm , Ordunez Pedro , Jaffe Marc G. , Orias Marcelo , DiPette Donald J. , Patel Pragna , Khan Nadia , Onuma Oyere , Lackland Daniel T.
Published: February 2017

The ability to reliably evaluate the impact of interventions and changes in hypertension prevalence and control is critical if the burden of hypertension‐related disease is to be reduced. Previously, a World Hypertension League Expert Committee made recommendations to standardize the reporting of population blood pressure surveys. We have added to those recommendations and also provide modified recommendations from a Pan American Health Organization expert meeting for “performance indicators” to be used to evaluate clinical practices. Core indicators for population surveys are recommended to include: (1) mean systolic blood pressure and (2) mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalences of: (3) hypertension, (4) awareness of hypertension, (5) drug‐treated hypertension, and (6) drug‐treated and controlled hypertension. Core indicators for clinical registries are recommended to include: (1) the prevalence of diagnosed hypertension and (2) the ratio of diagnosed hypertension to that expected by population surveys, and the prevalences of: (3) controlled hypertension, (4) lack of blood pressure measurement within a year in people diagnosed with hypertension, and (5) missed visits by people with hypertension. Definitions and additional indicators are provided. Widespread adoption of standardized population and clinical hypertension performance indicators could represent a major step forward in the effort to control hypertension.
Amniotic fluid embolism: Pathophysiology from the perspective of pathology
Authors: Tamura Naoaki , Farhana Mustari , Oda Tomoaki , Itoh Hiroaki , Kanayama Naohiro
Published: February 2017

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is recognized as a type of syndrome characterized by the abrupt onset of hypoxia, hypotension, seizures, or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), occurring during labor, delivery, or immediately postpartum, caused by the inflow of amniotic components into the maternal circulation. AFE is a rare condition but one of the most serious obstetrical complications, resulting in a high mortality rate among pregnant women. Despite earlier recognition and intensive critical management, we often encounter patients who unfortunately do not recover from the exacerbation of AFE‐related conditions. A major concern is that there are no effective evidence‐based therapies for AFE, because its pathophysiology is still not well understood. This article reviewed AFE, focusing on the pathology and currently proposed pathophysiology.
How Do Different Ways of Measuring Individual Differences in Zero‐Acquaintance Personality Judgment Accuracy Correlate With Each Other?
Authors: Hall Judith A. , Back Mitja D. , Nestler Steffen , Frauendorfer Denise , Schmid Mast Marianne , Ruben Mollie A.
Published: February 2017

Objective

This research compares two different approaches that are commonly used to measure accuracy of personality judgment: the trait accuracy approach wherein participants discriminate among targets on a given trait, thus making intertarget comparisons, and the profile accuracy approach wherein participants discriminate between traits for a given target, thus making intratarget comparisons. We examined correlations between these methods as well as correlations among accuracies for judging specific traits.

Method

The present article documents relations among these approaches based on meta‐analysis of five studies of zero‐acquaintance impressions of the Big Five traits.

Results

Trait accuracies correlated only weakly with overall and normative profile accuracy. Substantial convergence between the trait and profile accuracy methods was only found when an aggregate of all five trait accuracies was correlated with distinctive profile accuracy. Importantly, however, correlations between the trait and profile accuracy approaches were reduced to negligibility when statistical overlap was corrected by removing the respective trait from the profile correlations. Moreover, correlations of the separate trait accuracies with each other were very weak.

Conclusions

Different ways of measuring individual differences in personality judgment accuracy are not conceptually and empirically the same, but rather represent distinct abilities that rely on different judgment processes.
‘Your experiences were your tools’. How personal experience of mental health problems informs mental health nursing practice
Authors: Oates J. , Drey N. , Jones J.
Published: February 2017

Accessible summary

What is known on the subject?

‘Expertise by experience’ has become an increasingly valued element of service design and delivery by mental health service providers.

The extent and influence of mental health professionals’ personal experience of mental ill health on clinical practice has seldom been interrogated in depth.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

We investigate how mental health nurses’ own personal experience of mental ill health informs their mental health nursing practice with particular reference to direct work with service users.

Participants said that personal experience could impact on work in three positive ways: to develop their relationship with service users, to enhance their understanding of service users and as a motivation for potential mental health nurses to join the profession.

This study moves the discussion of the state of mental health nurses’ mental health further towards the recovery and well‐being focus of contemporary mental health care, where ‘expertise by experience’ is highly valued.

What are the implications for practice?

We must address the taboo of disclosure within clinical nursing practice and debate the extent to which personal and professional boundaries are negotiated during clinical encounters.

Introduction

‘Expertise by experience’ is a highly valued element of service delivery in recovery‐oriented mental health care, but is unacknowledged within the mental health nursing literature.

Aim

To explore the extent and influence of mental health professionals’ personal experience of mental ill health on clinical practice.

Method

Twenty‐seven mental health nurses with their own personal experience of mental ill health were interviewed about how their personal experience informed their mental health nursing practice, as part of a sequential mixed methods study.

Results

The influence of personal experience in nursing work was threefold: first, through overt disclosure; second, through the ‘use of the self as a tool’; and third, through the formation of professional nursing identity.

Discussion

Mental health nurses’ experience of mental illness was contextualized by other life experiences and by particular therapeutic relationships and clinical settings. In previous empirical studies, nurses have cited personal experience of mental illness as a motivator and an aspect of their identity. In this study, there was also an association between personal experience and enhanced nursing expertise.

Implications for practice

If drawing on personal experience is commonplace, then we must address the taboo of disclosure and debate the extent to which personal and professional boundaries are negotiated during clinical encounters.
Genomic signatures of adaptation to wine biological ageing conditions in biofilm‐forming flor yeasts
Authors: Coi A. L. , Bigey F. , Mallet S. , Marsit S. , Zara G. , Gladieux P. , Galeote V. , Budroni M. , Dequin S. , Legras J. L.
Published: February 2017

The molecular and evolutionary processes underlying fungal domestication remain largely unknown despite the importance of fungi to bioindustry and for comparative adaptation genomics in eukaryotes. Wine fermentation and biological ageing are performed by strains ofS. cerevisiaewith, respectively, pelagic fermentative growth on glucose and biofilm aerobic growth utilizing ethanol. Here, we use environmental samples of wine and flor yeasts to investigate the genomic basis of yeast adaptation to contrasted anthropogenic environments. Phylogenetic inference and population structure analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed a group of flor yeasts separated from wine yeasts. A combination of methods revealed several highly differentiated regions between wine and flor yeasts, and analyses using codon‐substitution models for detecting molecular adaptation identified sites under positive selection in the high‐affinity transporter geneZRT1. The cross‐population composite likelihood ratio revealed selective sweeps at three regions, including in the hexose transporter geneHXT7, the yapsin geneYPS6and the membrane protein coding geneMTS27. Our analyses also revealed that the biological ageing environment has led to the accumulation of numerous mutations in proteins from several networks, includingFlo11regulation and divalent metal transport. Together, our findings suggest that the tuning ofFLO11expression and zinc transport networks are a distinctive feature of the genetic changes underlying the domestication of flor yeasts. Our study highlights the multiplicity of genomic changes underlying yeast adaptation to man‐made habitats and reveals that flor/wine yeast lineage can serve as a useful model for studying the genomics of adaptive divergence.
The TORC1–Sch9–Rim15 signaling pathway represses yeast‐to‐hypha transition in response to glycerol availability in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Liang Shu‐Heng , Wu Heng , Wang Rui‐Rui , Wang Qiang , Shu Tao , Gao Xiang‐Dong
Published: February 2017

The yeast‐to‐hypha dimorphic transition is important for survival under nutrient starvation in fungi. The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica grows in the oval‐shaped yeast form in glycerol media whereas it adopts a filamentous form in glucose media. It is not clear why this yeast responds differently to glycerol and glucose. Here, we show that glycerol blocks dimorphic transition even in the presence of glucose whereas glycerol depletion induces filamentous growth, suggesting that dimorphic transition is repressed in response to glycerol availability. We show that the repression of dimorphic transition in glycerol media is mediated by the TORC1–Sch9 signaling pathway as both TORC1 inhibition and the loss of YlSch9 cause hyperfilamentation. TORC1–Sch9 signaling inhibits the nuclear translocation of YlRim15, a protein kinase that positively regulates filamentous growth, preventing it from entering the nucleus to activate the transcription of genes implicated in filamentous growth. Interestingly, TORC1–Sch9 signaling appears not to inhibit YlRim15 in glucose media, which could explain why Y. lipolytica responds differently to glycerol and glucose. We identified MHY1, a transcription factor‐encoding gene known to be critical for filamentous growth, as one target regulated by the TORC1–Sch9–Rim15 signaling pathway. Our results provide new insights in the regulation of dimorphic transition in yeast.
Gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlate with salience network activity in chronic visceral pain: A pilot study
Authors: Gupta A. , Cole S. , Labus J. S. , Joshi S. , Nguyen T. J. , Kilpatrick L. A. , Tillisch K. , Naliboff B. D. , Chang L. , Mayer E. A.
Published: February 2017

Background

Distinct gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) consistent with increased sympathetic nervous system activity have been described in different populations under chronic stress. Neuroinflammatory brain changes, possibly related to the migration of primed monocytes to the brain, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic pain. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a stress‐sensitive gastrointestinal disorder associated with altered brain‐gut interactions and increased sympathetic/vagal tone and anxiety. Reports about immune alterations in IBS are conflicting. This pilot study aimed to test how PBMC gene expression inflammatory profiles are correlated with altered brain signatures in the salience system.

Methods

Sixteen IBS and 16 healthy controls (HCs) completed resting state MRI scans. Gene expression profiles in PBMCs were assessed using human transcriptome array‐2. Bioinformatic analyses determined differential expression of PBMCs between IBS and HCs. Partial least squares, a multivariate analysis technique, was used to identify disease correlations between PBMC gene expression profiles and functional activity in the brain's salience network.

Key Results

Regions of the salience network, including the mid cingulate cortex, and mid and superior temporal gyrus were positively correlated with several pro‐inflammatory genes (interleukin 6, APOL2) in IBS, but negatively correlated with several anti‐inflammatory genes (KRT8, APOA4) in HCs.

Conclusions & Inferences

Based on rodent studies, one may speculate that chronically activated stress signaling pathways in IBS maintain a pro‐inflammatory state in the periphery. Alternatively, primed monocytes may migrate to the brain during stress, inducing regional neuroinflammatory changes in salience regions involved in the modulation of visceral sensitivity.
Sticking to cellulose: exploiting Arabidopsis seed coat mucilage to understand cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall polysaccharide interactions
Authors: Griffiths Jonathan S. , North Helen M.
Published: February 2017

The cell wall defines the shape of cells and ultimately plant architecture. It provides mechanical resistance to osmotic pressure while still being malleable and allowing cells to grow and divide. These properties are determined by the different components of the wall and the interactions between them. The major components of the cell wall are the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Cellulose biosynthesis has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis hypocotyls, and more recently in the mucilage‐producing epidermal cells of the seed coat. The latter has emerged as an excellent system to study cellulose biosynthesis and the interactions between cellulose and other cell wall polymers. Here we review some of the major advances in our understanding of cellulose biosynthesis in the seed coat, and how mucilage has aided our understanding of the interactions between cellulose and other cell wall components required for wall cohesion. Recently, 10 genes involved in cellulose or hemicellulose biosynthesis in mucilage have been identified. These discoveries have helped to demonstrate that xylan side‐chains on rhamnogalacturonan I act to link this pectin directly to cellulose. We also examine other factors that, either directly or indirectly, influence cellulose organization or crystallization in mucilage.
Renovating Democracy and Salvaging Globalization
Authors: Gardels Nathan
Published: February 2017

The worst fears of the American Founding fathers were realized in the 2016 presidential election when the democratic ballot box unleashed some of the darkest forces in the body politic. While it remains to be seen what his administration accomplishes, Donald Trump showed that a campaign of outright lies and invective against the world outside and perceived enemies within delivered over the latest direct access technology—Twitter—was the path to the top of the world's most powerful nation.
Utility and Safety of Combined Interventional Catheterization and Electrophysiology Procedures in a Children's Hospital
Authors: ASAKI S. YUKIKO , ORCUTT JEFFREY W. , MIYAKE CHRISTINA Y. , JUSTINO HENRI , de la UZ CARIDAD M. , KIM JEFFREY J. , VALDES SANTIAGO O. , QURESHI ATHAR M.
Published: February 2017

Background

Interventional cardiac catheterization (cath) and electrophysiology (EP) procedures are not routinely performed together. There are several perceived barriers affecting this practice, though there are also advantages for both the patient and practitioner to a combined approach.

Methods

This was a single‐center retrospective study reviewing combined cath and EP procedures with a preprocedural intention to intervene at Texas Children's Hospital from 2001 to 2014. We excluded procedures in which the intended procedure was purely diagnostic in nature.

Results

A total of 121 patients requiring 125 procedures were identified, of which 61 patients underwent 62 procedures that met our inclusion criteria. Potential subgroups of interest included adult congenital heart disease patients (26% of cohort), single ventricle anatomy (34%), and heterotaxy (19%) and collectively 58% of procedures involved a patient in one of these groups. The combined nature of the procedure did not preclude a cath or EP intervention in any patient. There were no mortalities. There were three adverse events, affecting 4.8% of procedures.

Conclusions

Combined interventional cardiac cath and EP procedures in pediatric patients and those with congenital heart disease can be performed safely in a high‐volume center. These combined procedures save patients the risk and inconvenience of multiple procedures, and further investigation into cost savings is warranted.
Surveying the forest: A meta‐analysis, moderator investigation, and future‐oriented discussion of the antecedents of voluntary employee turnover
Authors: Rubenstein Alex L. , Eberly Marion B. , Lee Thomas W. , Mitchell Terence R.
Published: February 2017

Recent narrative reviews (e.g., Hom, Mitchell, Lee, and Griffeth, 2012; Hom, Lee, Shaw, and Hausknecht, 2017) advise that it is timely to assess the progress made in research on voluntary employee turnover so as to guide future work. To provide this assessment, we employed a three‐step approach. First, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis of turnover predictors, updating existing effect sizes and examining multiple new antecedents. Second, guided by theory, we developed and tested a set of substantive moderators, considering factors that might exacerbate or mitigate zero‐order meta‐analytic effects. Third, we examined the holistic pattern of results in order to highlight the most pressing needs for future turnover research. The results of Step 1 reveal multiple newer predictors and updated effect sizes of more traditional predictors, which have received substantially greater study. The results of Step 2 provide insight into the context‐dependent nature of many antecedent–turnover relationships. In Step 3, our discussion takes a bird's‐eye view of the turnover “forest” and considers the theoretical and practical implications of the results. We offer several research recommendations that break from the traditional turnover paradigm, as a means of guiding future study.
The impact of cognitive delay on pediatric heart transplant outcomes
Authors: Prendergast Christopher , McKane Meghann , Dodd Debra A. , Godown Justin
Published: February 2017

The presence of CD may be viewed as a relative contraindication to transplantation; however, its impact on pediatric HTx outcomes is poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of CD on pediatric HTx outcomes using academic progress as a surrogate measure of cognitive performance. The OPTN database was queried for all pediatric HTx recipients (2004‐2014) with reported academic progress. Multivariable analysis assessed the impact of DGL and the need for SE on post‐HTx graft survival. A total of 2245 children were included: 1707 (76%) within grade level, 269 (12%) with DGL, and 269 (12%) who required SE. The need for SE was not a risk factor for post‐HTx mortality; however, DGL was an independent risk factor for worse post‐HTx outcomes (AHR 1.4, 95% CI 1.02, 1.79, P=.03). Patients who require SE have similar outcomes compared to those without CD, likely secondary to significant parental involvement. Children with DGL demonstrate inferior post‐HTx survival, which could result from less parental oversight in children perceived to maintain compliance. Ensuring adequate social support for patients with evidence of CD may help to improve outcomes.
Evaluating the efficacy of fully automated approaches for the selection of eyeblink ICA components
Authors: Pontifex Matthew B. , Miskovic Vladimir , Laszlo Sarah
Published: February 2017

Independent component analysis (ICA) offers a powerful approach for the isolation and removal of eyeblink artifacts from EEG signals. Manual identification of the eyeblink ICA component by inspection of scalp map projections, however, is prone to error, particularly when nonartifactual components exhibit topographic distributions similar to the blink. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the extent to which automated approaches for selecting eyeblink‐related ICA components could be utilized to replace manual selection. We evaluated popular blink selection methods relying on spatial features (EyeCatch), combined stereotypical spatial and temporal features (ADJUST), and a novel method relying on time series features alone (icablinkmetrics) using both simulated and real EEG data. The results of this investigation suggest that all three methods of automatic component selection are able to accurately identify eyeblink‐related ICA components at or above the level of trained human observers. However, icablinkmetrics, in particular, appears to provide an effective means of automating ICA artifact rejection while at the same time eliminating human errors inevitable during manual component selection and false positive component identifications common in other automated approaches. Based upon these findings, best practices for (a) identifying artifactual components via automated means, and (b) reducing the accidental removal of signal‐related ICA components are discussed.
Appraisal and standardization of curvilinear velocity (VCL) cut‐off values forCASAanalysis of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) sperm
Authors: Farooq U , Malecki IA , Mahmood M , Martin GB
Published: February 2017

Contents

One of the basic steps in objective analysis of sperm motility is the subdivision of a motile sperm population into slow, medium and rapid categories based on their velocity. However, forCASAanalysis of quail sperm, the velocity values for categorization of slow, medium and rapid sperm have not yet been standardized. To identify the cut‐off values of “velocity curvilinear” (VCL) for quail sperm categorization, we captured and analysed 22,300 tracks of quail sperm usingSCA®‐CASA. The median and meanVCLvalues were 85 and 97 μm/s. To define theVCLcut‐off values, we used two methods. In the first, we identified the upper (rapid sperm) and lower (slow sperm) cut‐off values using: (i) medianVCL± 25% or ± 50% or ± 75% of medianVCLvalue; (ii) first and third quartile values ofVCLdata (i.e. 25% cut‐off setting); and (iii) 33% and 66% ofVCLdata. Among these settings, sperm categories and their corresponding motility characteristics recorded using the “25%” setting (i.e. slow ≤36 ≤ medium ≤154 ≤ rapid) were found the most realistic and coherent with male ranking by fertility. In the second method, we calculated heteroscedasticity in the totalVCLdata usingPCAand the two‐step clustering method. With this approach, the mean of the high and low clusters was 165 and 51 μm/s, respectively. Together, the mean from two methods suggested that, forSCA®‐CASAcategorization of quail sperm, sperm should be classed as “rapid” atVCL≥160 μm/s and “slow” atVCL≤45 μm/s.
Routes and mechanisms of post‐endosomal cholesterol trafficking: A story that never ends
Authors: Luo Jie , Jiang Luyi , Yang Hongyuan , Song Bao‐Liang
Published: February 2017

Mammalian cells acquire most exogenous cholesterol through receptor‐mediated endocytosis of low‐density lipoproteins (LDLs). After internalization, LDL cholesteryl esters are hydrolyzed to release free cholesterol, which then translocates to late endosomes (LEs)/lysosomes (LYs) and incorporates into the membranes by co‐ordinated actions of Niemann‐Pick type C (NPC) 1 and NPC2 proteins. However, how cholesterol exits LEs/LYs and moves to other organelles remain largely unclear. Growing evidence has suggested that nonvesicular transport is critically involved in the post‐endosomal cholesterol trafficking. Numerous sterol‐transfer proteins (STPs) have been identified to mediate directional cholesterol transfer at membrane contact sites (MCSs) formed between 2 closely apposed organelles. In addition, a recent study reveals that lysosome‐peroxisome membrane contact (LPMC) established by a non‐STP synaptotagmin VII and a specific phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate also serves as a novel and important path for LDL‐cholesterol trafficking. These findings highlight an essential role of MCSs in intracellular cholesterol transport, and further work is needed to unveil how various routes are regulated and integrated to maintain proper cholesterol distribution and homeostasis in eukaryotic cells.