bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Psycho Social Issues on Intentional Organophosphates Self-Poisoning among Persons Aged 15-30 Years in Kericho County, Kenya
Authors: Sigey Langat K. , Mibei Eric , Cheruiyot Daniel Kipngeno
Published: December 2023

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess factors influencing psychosocial issues on intentional organophosphate self-poisoning among persons aged 15-30 years in Kericho County, Kenya...

Study Design: The study adopted prospective cross-sectional study design and purposive sampling technique.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in 3 level 4 health facilities (Kericho County Referral Hospital, Kapkatet Sub- County Hospital and Sigowet Sub- County Hospital) in Kericho County, Kenya. Which were systematically sampled base on the highest monthly workload one year prior to the study period. The Study was carried out between December 2021 and March 2022.

Methodology: The study involved 100 participants ranging in age from 15 to 30 years old (88 males and 12 females).  It was a study of all cases of intentional organophosphate self- poisoning, relied majorly on the diagnosis made by clinicians and doctors at emergency departments. Participants were chosen based on the presenting symptoms and history from the respondents. All respondents brought to hospital presenting to emergency department with a history of intentional organophosphate self- poisoning were recruited for the study depending on their eligibility where only respondents who were admitted and recovered after treatment were enrolled after signing or assenting to the consent voluntarily.

Results: A sampled of 100 participants were eligible and managed to have 100% response rate. According to the findings of the study, there was a statistical relationship between the parameters since the chi square value were 0.001 which was less than the standard p value which is 0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Bivariate analysis showed a strong positive correlation was found between self-poisoning and easy access to organophosphate (p<0.05, r=0.631). There was a positive correlation between psychosocial issues organophosphate intentional self-poisoning. This indicated that mental disorders and physically disabled individuals tended to self-harm with organophosphate poisons.

Conclusion: Train and employ more psychological counselors to be deployed to the villages and initiate psychiatric screening programmes to facilitate the counseling and screening of those who are at the risk of self-poisoning early enough. This is in commensurate with mental health amendment bill June 2022 which has been passed by senate to give way for county government to provide for prevention, care, treatment and rehabilitation of persons with mental illness.
Assessing the Performance of Chickpea Cultivars in Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Yadav D. S. , Sood Pankaj , Sharma L. K. , Chauhan Neha , Vanita Brij , Thakur Shivani
Published: December 2023

This study assessed the yield gaps of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh where a total of 240 trials on improved chickpea cultivars viz. GNG 1581, GPF 2 and Himachal Chana 2 along with best practices were conducted by KVK in Mandi for three consecutive years under the Cluster Front Line Demonstration (CFLDs) program during Rabi 2015-16 to Rabi 2017-18. The study revealed that the demonstration yield of chickpea cultivars viz. GNG 1581, GPF 2 and Himachal Chana 2 were significantly better than the farmer's practice. Overall, a seed yield of 616 kg ha-1 was achieved in the three years of data collected in the demonstration plot, which was 40.32 percent higher than the farmer's practice. The technology and extension gap in the data collected under the three-year CFLDs program were 1546.5 kg ha–1 and 177 kg ha–1 respectively. The improved technology package not only improved water use efficiency, chickpea profitability in terms of gross and net returns, but also improved the benefit-cost ratio (BC). The overall technology index of 71.51 percent revealed a satisfactory performance of technology interventions, which can be further strengthened in the region by bridging the gaps through more effective research and extension services.
Effect of the Outer Pole Length on the Optical Properties in Gemini Lens
Authors: Othman Emad Abdul-majeed , Hussein Mohammed A.
Published: December 2023

In order to get some of the most important optical and geometrical properties of scanning electron microscope lens, Such as focal length, lens aberration (spherical and chromatic aberration), Axial magnetic field distribution, trajectory of the electron beam, diameter of the electron probe in this work. A computer programs used to achieve the results in objective lens which called Gemini lens.by changing the outer pole length of lens to get a better optical property. The results under constant lens excitation (NI=1000 A-t) and accelerating voltage (Vr=8 KV) are (f=3.93mm, Cs=2.59mm, Cc=2.87mm) and the magnetic field distribution Bz =1.72 tesla
CAPITAL MONOPOLISTA, APARELHOS PRIVADOS DE HEGEMONIA E DOMINAÇÃO BURGUESA NO BRASIL: o caso do grupo Odebrecht
Authors: Lopes Pinto João Roberto , Pedreira Campos Pedro Henrique
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo pretende desenvolver uma reflexão teórica e analítica acerca das formas específicas assumidas pelo capital monopolista e pela dominação burguesa nas sociedades capitalistas contemporâneas. Nossa hipótese é de que dado o desenvolvimento das estruturas corporativas e o avanço do próprio capitalismo, alguns grupos econômicos assumem grau tão elevado de organização que passam a operar com características semelhantes aos aparelhos privados de hegemonia na terminologia gramsciana. Para desenvolver tal questão, elaboramos, em uma primeira parte do texto, uma breve reflexão teórica sobre o capitalismo contemporâneo e, em um segundo momento, analisamos o caso específico do grupo Odebrecht, um conglomerado que pode ser indicado como representante do capital monopolista brasileiro até a operação Lava Jato e que atuava, de certa forma, com funções semelhantes a um aparelho privado de hegemonia na sociedade brasileira.
O TERCEIRO GOVERNO LULA: limites e perspectivas
Authors: Filgueiras Luiz , Sena Júnior Carlos Zacarias de , Felipe Miguel Luís
Published: December 2023

O artigo traz algumas reflexões sobre os primeiros seis meses do novo governo, tendo por contexto a evolução da conjuntura nesse pequeno período. Em particular, destaca as suas dificuldades institucionais na relação com um parlamento majoritariamente de direita neoliberal e extrema-direita, e com forte conotação fisiológica – que caracteriza o “presidencialismo de coalização” brasileiro e interdita qualquer tipo de mudança estrutural que reduza a desigualdade social. E aponta que o enfrentamento e a superação dessas dificuldades, mesmo que parcial, não poderão se apoiar apenas na capacidade de negociação de Lula no plano institucional; sem a mobilização popular, que expresse nas ruas o desejo efetivo de mudanças estruturais tal como feito explicitamente na campanha eleitoral, a correlação de forças não se tornará, no fundamental, mais favorável.
Interações espaciais e inserção de Ampére-PR na divisão territorial do trabalho a partir do setor moveleiro
Authors: Saggiorato Bruno
Published: December 2023

Num contexto de industrialização do estado do Paraná, Ampére passa a ter dinamismo industrial a partir dos anos 1970 e ao longo do tempo vai se destacando em dois segmentos industriais: confecções e móveis, os quais apresentam empresas importantes nos cenários estadual e nacional desses setores industriais. Esse texto procura explorar as interações que Ampére realiza a partir do segmento moveleiro e como esse município se insere na divisão territorial do trabalho (DTT). Para cumprir com o objetivo, tomou-se a categoria de Formação Sócio-Espacial (FSE) (SANTOS, 1977) como norte teórico, conjuntamente com revisões bibliográficas sobre o tema, trabalho de campo e consulta e análise de dados industriais e econômicos. Destacam-se como principais resultados: a partir da consolidação do setor de produção de móveis em Ampére durante os anos 2000, o município passou a estabelecer conexões com praticamente todos os estados da federação e realizar exportações e importações mais frequentes, envolvendo, sobretudo, países da América do Sul, da África e da Ásia.
Adaptive Finite‐Time RL Control for Stochastic Non‐Linear Systems With Full State Constraints and Dead Zone Output
Authors: Li Hongyao , Wang Fuli
Published: January 2025

In this article, the finite‐time control problem of adaptive neural network (NN) reinforcement learning (RL) is investigated for the continuous time stochastic non‐linear systems with full state constraints and dead zone output. Firstly, the adaptive estimation and smooth approximation technique are introduced to solve the difficulty arising from the dead zone non‐linearity. Moreover, to overcome the problem of calculating the explosion caused by the repeated differentiation of the virtual control signals, a finite‐time command filter is constructed. Combining the backstepping technique and the identifier‐actor‐critic RL strategy, an adaptive neural finite‐time RL control scheme is proposed for the considered system by constructing the tangent‐type time‐varying barrier Lyapunov functions (BLFs), which optimizes the tracking performance while ensuring all states do not violate the constraints. Under the proposed control strategy, it is guaranteed that all signals are bounded in probability, and the output of the system can track the reference signal within a finite‐time. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Study of the Tensile and Fatigue Properties of Quinary Strengthening Phase in Ni‐Based Superalloys
Authors: Zhang Chuan‐Hui , Lu Ni , Jiang Liwu , Wang Jin
Published: January 2025

The embedded atom method potential for the Ni–Al–Co–Ti–Cr quinary alloy is established using the lattice inversion method, confirming that this potential accurately captures the static physical properties of the multielement alloy. The mechanical behavior of the DZ411 alloy at high temperatures is simulated through molecular dynamics, focusing on its tensile strength and fatigue properties. The high‐temperature tensile simulations show that as temperature increases, the interatomic forces weaken and the dislocation density significantly decreases, leading to a notable drop of ultimate tensile strength. Fatigue tests conducted at various temperatures for 15 cycles reveal that at room temperature, the internal structure gradually deteriorates under repeated loading, reducing its tensile strength. At high temperatures, due to the predominance of elastic deformation, the mechanical properties exhibit minimal variance before and after loading. During the compression process, the alloy exhibits characteristics of the face‐cubic‐centered structure and formed hexagonal‐close‐packed structure on the (111) crystal plane, which ensures that the stress–strain curve maintains a consistent shape throughout the compression process. This work deepens the understanding of the mechanical performance changes of the DZ411 alloy under extreme conditions, providing theoretical guidance for the performance optimization of high‐temperature alloys.
Conformation‐Driven Nickel Redox States and Magnetism in 2D Metal–organic Frameworks
Authors: Grisan Qiu Yan Yan , Brandstetter Dominik , Mearini Simone , Baranowski Daniel , Cojocariu Iulia , Jugovac Matteo , Zamborlini Giovanni , Gargiani Pierluigi , Valvidares Manuel , Windischbacher Andreas , Puschnig Peter , Feyer Vitaliy , Schneider Claus Michael
Published: January 2025

2D metal–organic frameworks (2D MOFs) attract considerable attention because of their versatile properties and as potential candidates for single‐atom catalysis, high‐density information storage media or molecular electronics and spintronics devices. Their unique characteristics arise from an intricate interplay between the metal center, the surrounding ligands and the underlying substrate. Here, the intrinsic magnetic and electronic properties of a single‐layer MOF on graphene is investigated with a combination of spectroscopic techniques and theoretical modeling. Taking advantage of the weak interaction between the MOF and graphene substrate, it is specifically focused on the influence of the coordination environment on these properties. Notably, two distinct coordination configurations are observed for the transition metal centers within the 2D MOF, and clarify how axial distortions in the ligand field affect the hybridization between the Ni 3d states and the π‐symmetric molecular orbitals of 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane ligands, leading to the coexistence of two Ni redox states with different spin configurations. Furthermore, the transition from a nearly free‐standing MOF is examined to metal‐supported frameworks, elucidating the impact of substrate interactions on the electronic and magnetic properties. The findings advance the understanding of MOFs and offer insights into developing functional materials with tailored magnetic and electronic properties.
Universal Superconductivity in FeTe and All‐Iron‐Based Ferromagnetic Superconductor Heterostructures
Authors: Yi Hee Taek , Yao Xiong , Jain Deepti , Chan Ying‐Ting , Chen An‐Hsi , Brahlek Matthew , Kisslinger Kim , Du Kai , Han Myung‐Geun , Zhu Yimei , Wu Weida , Cheong Sang‐Wook , Oh Seongshik
Published: January 2025

Ferromagnetism (FM) and superconductivity (SC) are two of the most famous macroscopic quantum phenomena. However, nature normally does not allow SC and FM to coexist without significant degradation. Here, the first fully iron‐based SC/FM heterostructures, composed of Fe(Te,Se) and Fe3GeTe2, are introduced, and it is shown that this system exhibits both strong FM and high‐temperature SC with an atomically sharp interface. From this study, it is also discovered that minute level of various cationic dopants can drive otherwise non‐superconducting FeTe films into a SC state. This suggests that the ground state of FeTe is so close to the SC state that it can be driven in and out of the SC state with various other perturbations. Altogether, this shows that Fe‐Te‐based heterostructures provide a unique opportunity to manipulate magnetism, superconductivity, and topological physics, paving the way toward new superconducting technologies.
Ultrastrong, Highly Resilient, and Humidity‐Sensitive Wood Nano‐Aerogel Composed of Resembling Native‐State Fibrils
Authors: Jiang Yan , Cheng Liyun , Yang Mengmeng , Xiao Lu , Wang Shuangfei , Liu Xiuyu
Published: January 2025

Fast‐evolving nanotechnologies have supported traditional wood industries to breach the barriers and slip into tailor‐made functional nanomaterials that cater to the high‐tech and low‐carbon era. Here, wood cell walls are in situ nanofibrillated via reversible hemicellulose supermolecular regulation toward versatile mesoporous wood nano‐aerogels. The as‐prepared wood nano‐aerogels are composed of highly combinative high‐aspect‐ratio fibrils resembling native‐state “core (cellulose)‐shell (hemicellulose)” nanostructure, which is unreachable for conventional in situ nanofibrillation strategies involving depolymerization of non‐cellulosic phases and topochemical engineering of cellulosic phase. The hemicellulose‐induced in situ nanofibrillation mechanism is systematically elucidated via theoretical and experimental analysis: the enhanced swelling of hemicellulose supermolecules in specific polar cosolvent (e.g., ionic liquid/water) significantly weakens the fibril–fibril interactions within wood fiber cells without affecting the macromolecular structures. The desired structural features of in situ nanofibrillated fiber cells including high mesoporosity and microstructural homogeneity contribute to significant poroelastic dissipation and efficient stress transfer under external stress, which in turn leads to an exceptional combination of compressive strength and resilience for the as‐prepared wood nano‐aerogel. Furthermore, the highly hydrophilic hemicellulose “shells” of constituent nanofibrils within mesoporous cell walls endow the strong and resilient wood nano‐aerogel with superior humidity responsiveness, thereby opening up vast possibilities for applications in sensing, process monitoring, and energy management systems. This work provides a feasible and environmentally benign wood nanostructure‐engineered strategy for top‐down manufacturing of high‐performance lignocellulosic nanomaterials by leveraging the inherent functionality of wood structural constituents.
Enhanced Terahertz Spectroscopy of a Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenide
Authors: Jin Xin , Aglieri Vincenzo , Jeong Young‐Gyun , Pezeshki Atiye , Skokan Lilian , Shagar Mostafa , Jia Yuechen , Bianucci Pablo , Ruediger Andreas , Orgiu Emanuele , Toma Andrea , Razzari Luca
Published: January 2025

2D materials, including transition metal dichalcogenides, are attractive for a variety of applications in electronics as well as photonics and have recently been envisioned as an appealing platform for phonon polaritonics. However, their direct characterization in the terahertz spectral region, of interest for retrieving, e.g., their phonon response, represents a major challenge, due to the limited sensitivity of typical terahertz spectroscopic tools and the weak interaction of such long‐wavelength radiation with sub‐nanometer systems. In this work, by exploiting an ad‐hoc engineered metallic surface enabling a ten‐thousand‐fold local absorption boost, enhanced terahertz spectroscopy of a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (tungsten diselenide) is performed and its dipole‐active phonon resonance features are extracted. In addition, these data are used to obtain the monolayer effective permittivity around its phonon resonance. Via the direct terahertz characterization of the phonon response of such 2D systems, this method opens the path to the rational design of phonon polariton devices exploiting monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides.
The Optical Encoder Based on Mechanoluminescent Materials and Application in Dual‐Key Encryption
Authors: Liu Yun , Yu Junwen , Niu Quanwang , Wang Xiangfu
Published: January 2025

Optical information encryption is an effective security strategy currently used to protect data and prevent information leakage. However, the optical information encryption technology based on mechanoluminescent (ML) materials faces challenges of the single encryption mode and the lack of systematic dual‐key decryption strategies. In this study, a three‐layer structure optical encoder is proposed using porous ML material as the luminescent layer, a quartz transparent tube with pressure‐sensing capabilities as the stress‐loading layer, and photodetector as the optical recognition layer. A dual‐key encryption system based on the evolution mechanism of the Ba‐Gua is constructed. The encoding process of the optical encoder is completed within a micro darkroom fabricated using 3D printing technology. This system incorporates virtual position encoding in conjunction with trigram orientation, requiring two keys for correct decryption: the “Combination Relative Optical Intensity Ratio” and the “Virtual Position Space Code”. By linking the ML emission spectrum with the trigram information, a dynamic, rewritable encryption system for hybrid encoding of digital and Chinese character based on Ba‐Gua evolution is established. The proposed optical encoder and dual‐key encryption system offer new directions for concealing confidential information and multidimensional encryption applications.
Rational Design of Natural Xanthones Against Gram‐negative Bacteria
Authors: Liu Xiaojia , Song Meirong , Liu Ying , Yang Shuyu , Chen Shang , Kang Jijun , Shen Jianzhong , Zhu Kui
Published: January 2025

Most antibiotics are ineffective against Gram‐negative bacteria owing to the existence of the outer membrane (OM) barrier. The rational design of compounds to expand their antibacterial spectra of antibiotics solely targeting Gram‐positive pathogens remains challenging. Here, the design of skeletons from natural products to penetrate the OM are deciphered. Structure‐activity relationship analysis shows the optimization of the model of natural xanthones α‐mangostin endows the broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity. Mechanistic studies demonstrate the lead compound A20 penetrates the OM in a self‐promoted pathway through electronic and hydrophobic interactions with lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids in OM. A20 displays rapid bactericidal activity by targeting the cofactor heme in the respiratory complex. The therapeutic efficacy of A20 is demonstrated in two animal models infected with multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacterial pathogens. The findings elucidate the structural property and self‐promoted transportation of a class of antibacterial compounds, to facilitate the design and discovery of antibacterial agents against increasingly prevalent Gram‐negative pathogens associated with infections.
Single‐Cell Hi‐C Technologies and Computational Data Analysis
Authors: Dautle Madison A , Chen Yong
Published: January 2025

Single‐cell chromatin conformation capture (scHi‐C) techniques have evolved to provide significant insights into the structural organization and regulatory mechanisms in individual cells. Although many scHi‐C protocols have been developed, they often involve intricate procedures and the resulting data are sparse, leading to computational challenges for systematic data analysis and limited applicability. This review provides a comprehensive overview, quantitative evaluation of thirteen protocols and practical guidance on computational topics. It is first assessed the efficiency of these protocols based on the total number of contacts recovered per cell and the cis/trans ratio. It is then provided systematic considerations for scHi‐C quality control and data imputation. Additionally, the capabilities and implementations of various analysis methods, covering cell clustering, A/B compartment calling, topologically associating domain (TAD) calling, loop calling, 3D reconstruction, scHi‐C data simulation and differential interaction analysis is summarized. It is further highlighted key computational challenges associated with the specific complexities of scHi‐C data and propose potential solutions.
Multifunctional Fluorescent Probe for Simultaneous Detection of ATP, Cys, Hcy, and GSH: Advancing Insights into Epilepsy and Liver Injury
Authors: Yu Ting , Li Yang , Li Jing , Gan Yabing , Long Zhengze , Deng Yun , Zhang Youyu , Li Haitao , Yin Peng , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: January 2025

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a critical intracellular energy currency that plays a key role in various cellular processes and is closely associated with numerous diseases. Similarly, biothiols such as glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (Hcy) are integral to many physiological and pathological processes due to their strong redox properties. Simultaneous discrimination and detection of ATP and biothiols offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of conditions such as epilepsy and liver injury. This study introduces the first fluorescent probe, BCR, designed for multifunctional detection of ATP, GSH, Hcy, and Cys. With outstanding optical properties, excellent biocompatibility, high selectivity, and superior sensitivity, probe BCR enables effective imaging of ATP and biothiol dynamics in vivo. Moreover, probe BCR successfully visualizes changes in ATP, GSH, Hcy, and Cys levels in a PTZ‐induced epileptic zebrafish model and an APAP‐induced mouse liver injury tissue section model. These findings underscore the significant potential of probe BCR for early disease diagnosis and therapeutic applications.
Biomarker treatment effects in two phase 3 trials of gantenerumab
Authors: Bittner Tobias , Tonietto Matteo , Klein Gregory , Belusov Anton , Illiano Vittorio , Voyle Nicola , Delmar Paul , Scelsi Marzia A. , Gobbi Susanna , Silvestri Erica , Barakovic Muhamed , Napolitano Antonio , Galli Christopher , Abaei Maryam , Blennow Kaj , Barkhof Frederik
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

We report biomarker treatment effects in the GRADUATE I and II phase 3 studies of gantenerumab in early Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODS

Amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET), volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (vMRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma biomarkers used to assess gantenerumab treatment related changes on neuropathology, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation over 116 weeks.

RESULTS

Gantenerumab reduced amyloid PET load, CSF biomarkers of amyloid beta (Aβ)40, total tau (t‐tau), phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181), neurogranin, S100 calcium‐binding protein B (S100B), neurofilament light (NfL), alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn), neuronal pentraxin‐2 (NPTX2), and plasma biomarkers of t‐tau, p‐tau181, p‐tau217, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) while increasing plasma Aβ40, Aβ42. vMRI showed increased reduction in whole brain volume and increased ventricular expansion, while hippocampal volume was unaffected. Tau PET showed no treatment effect.

DISCUSSION

Robust treatment effects were observed for multiple biomarkers in GRADUATE I and II. Comparison across anti‐amyloid antibodies indicates utility of p‐tau and GFAP as biomarkers of amyloid plaque removal while NfL and tau PET seem unsuitable as consistent indicators of clinical efficacy. vMRI might be confounded by non‐neurodegenerative brain volume changes.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER (CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER):

NCT03444870 and NCT03443973.

Highlights

Gantenerumab significantly reduced brain amyloid load.

Tau positron emission tomography showed no treatment effect in a small subset of participants.

Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging showed increased whole brain volume reduction under treatment while hippocampal volume was unaffected.

Robust treatment effects on cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers were found, despite lack of clinical efficacy.
Total Synthesis of the Tridecasaccharide Motif from Angelica Sinensis APS‐1 II Polysaccharide with Anti‐Leukemia Activity and Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies
Authors: Guo Fuqiang , Tan Qiang , Guo Jiahui , Li Kaifeng , Wang Xiufang , Cao Wei , Xiao Guozhi
Published: January 2025

A polysaccharide APS‐1 II from a medicinal plant Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels represents a potential therapeutic agent against leukemia. However, the synthetic accessibility of the highly branched and complex APS‐1 II polysaccharide with multiple 1, 2‐cis‐glycosidic linkages remains a difficult task, impeding the in‐depth structure–activity relationship biological studies and the development of carbohydrates‐based therapeutics against leukemia. Here, we report the first chemical synthesis of tridecasaccharide repeating unit together with shorter sequences 4‐mer, 6‐mer and 9‐mer from APS‐1 II polysaccharide via one‐pot orthogonal glycosylation strategy based on glycosyl ortho‐(1‐phenylvinyl)benzoates, which precluded the potential issues such as aglycone transfer associated with one‐pot assembly with thioglycosides. The synthetic pathway also features the following aspects: 1) three contiguous and challenging 1, 2‐cis‐Fuc bonds were highly stereoselectively constructed via the newly developed stereoselective 1, 2‐cis‐fucosylation method; 2) several 1, 2‐trans‐glycosidic linkages were formed via neighboring group participation effect, while 1,2‐cis‐Glc linkage was stereoselectively assembled via N,N‐dimethylformamide reagent modulation; 3) the final [1+1+2+9] one‐pot assembly of the target tridecasaccharide via strategic utilizations of glycosyl N‐phenyltrifluoroacetimidates, ortho‐alkynylbenzoates and ortho‐(1‐phenylvinyl)benzoates. Biological studies revealed that human leukemia K562 and mouse L1210 cells could be effectively inhibited by tridecasaccharide repeating unit and substructure nonasaccharide.
Rational Design of Cobalt‐Based Prussian Blue Analogues via 3 d Transition Metals Incorporation for Superior Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: Jing Zhongxin , Mamoor Muhammad , Kong Lingtong , Wang Lu , Wang Bin , Chen Ming , Wang Fengbo , Qu Guangmeng , Kong Yueyue , Wang Dedong , He Xiyu , Wang Chang , Zhang Xintong , Zhang Yufei , Wang Gang , Xu Liqiang
Published: January 2025

Understanding the relationship between structure regulation and electrochemical performance is key to developing efficient and sustainable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) materials. Herein, seven Cobalt‐M‐based (M=V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) Prussian blue analogues (CoM‐PBAs) are designed as anodes for SIBs via a universal low‐energy co‐precipitation approach with the strategic inclusion of 3d transition metals. Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulation and experimental validation reveal that a moderate p‐band center of cyanide linkages (−CN−) is more favorable for Na+ intercalation and diffusion, while the d‐band center of metal cations is linearly related to electrode stability. Among seven CoM‐based PBAs, CoV‐PBAs possess the best sodium‐ion adsorption/diffusion kinetics and overall cycling performance, including high specific capacity (565 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g), cycling stability (over 15000 cycles with 97.7 % capacity retention), and superior rate capability (174.7 mAh/g at 30 A/g). In situ/ex situ techniques further demonstrate that the π‐electron regulation by V introduction enhances the reversibility and kinetics of redox reactions. Moreover, the study identified the “p‐band center” and “d‐band center” may serve as key descriptors for quantifying the capability and stability of other‐type bimetal Co‐based anodes (oxides, phosphides, sulfides, and selenides) with similar theoretical capacity, offering a potentially transformative approach for selecting practical SIB electrode materials.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]pyridines via SNAr‐Based Cross‐Cyclotetramerization
Authors: Ibragimova Regina , Lu Qiu‐Lin , Wang Mei‐Xiang , Zhu Jieping , Tong Shuo
Published: January 2025

Potassium phosphate‐promoted cross‐cyclotetramerization of 2,6‐dichloro‐3‐nitropyridine 1 with resorcinol derivatives 2 gave rise to thermodynamically favored 1,3‐alternate tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]pyridines and kinetically controlled 1,2‐alternate isomers. The kinetic product could convert into its 1,3‐alternate conformational isomer by a macrocycle to macrocycle conversion pathway. Enantiomerically enriched C2‐symmetric inherently chiral tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]pyridines were synthesized via a Cinchonine‐derived chiral phase‐transfer catalyst (PTC). This synthesis involved the cross‐cyclotetramerization of 1 with 2, featuring a key enantioselective intramolecular aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) step.
VS4/NCDs Nanowire as Efficient Cathode for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Jinfeng , Jiu Hongfang , Zhang Lixin , Li Hui , Wang Congli , Che Sicong , Liu Xiaoqing , Guo Zhixin , Yue Luchao , Han Yuxin
Published: January 2025

VS4 has emerged as a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), attracting significant interest due to its unique layered atomic chain structure and high capacity. However, the low electrical conductivity of the material limits the diffusion rate of zinc ions, ultimately compromising its structural stability. In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of nanowires through a simple hydrothermal recombination of carbon dots on vanadium sulfide. The distinctive layered structure of VS4, in conjunction with nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NCDs), increases the number of available active sites, thereby enhancing the conductivity of VS4/NCDs. VS4/NCDs cathode exhibits high specific capacity of 110 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and superior rate performance in ZnSO4 electrolytes, significantly outperforming that of the layered VS4 cathode.
Probability and Fuzzy Working in Concert—Honoring the Reliability Contributions of Nozer D. Singpurwalla
Authors: Sellers Kimberly F. , Booker Jane M.
Published: January 2025

Since Lotfi Zadeh introduced fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets, this theory characterizing the uncertainty of classification has a proven record in fields of computation and engineering. These successful applications, however, have been falsely interpreted as competition or replacement of probability theory by those in many statistical and mathematical communities. Such misconceptions are the result of a lack of understanding about types of uncertainties, and anchored attitudes clinging to the past. Nozer Singpurwalla, among other statisticians, came to the realization that probability and fuzzy set theory can and should work in concert (i.e., not in competition) to accommodate two different types of uncertainty present within a problem or system. The authors had the honor to collaborate with Nozer; those works are featured as successful applications of the probability measure of fuzzy sets in reliability where respective uncertainties of the outcome of events and of classification exist. This paper features those works which embody the use of Bayesian analysis and the subjective interpretation of probability.
Porous Poly(Poly[Ethylene Glycol] Methyl Ether Methacrylate) Gel Polymer Electrolyte With Superior Electrochemical Properties in a High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Zardehi‐Tabriz Ali , Anavi Hadiseh , Ghayebzadeh Yoones , Roghani‐Mamaqani Hossein , Salami‐Kalajahi Mehdi
Published: January 2025

Potassium‐ion batteries as a suitable alternative to lithium‐ion batteries have drawn attention due to available sources of potassium, low reduction potential, better diffusion through electrolyte/electrode interface, and good ionic conductivity. Here, a photopolymerized porous gel polymer electrolyte based on poly(poly[ethylene glycol] methyl ether methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles shows superior thermal and electrochemical properties. After swelling in a KPF6 and EC/PC solution, the best GPE demonstrates high ionic conductivity of 2.9 × 10−2 S cm−1, potassium transference number of 0.88, and high electrochemical stability of > 6 V. This excellent electrochemical property could be related to high solvent uptake, high surface area, K+ pathway channels, low Tg, and the electron donor groups of the porous poly(poly[ethylene glycol] methyl ether methacrylate). Also, this GPE shows an initial capacity of 155 mAh g−1, an initial Coulombic efficiency of ~100%, and capacity retention of 99.9% after 100 cycles in a high current density of 5 C with high‐voltage FeFe(CN)6 as the cathode and graphite as the anode. FE‐SEM images show the ability to suppress dendrites after 100 cycles of charge–discharge at 5 C. Additionally, this GPE demonstrates 143 mAh g−1 capacity at a very high C‐rate of 10, showing its ability for use in high‐performing rechargeable potassium batteries.
How Consumer Experience Shapes the Adoption of Autonomous Technologies: A Longitudinal Study With Shared Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Schwing Maximilian , Reit Vanessa , Selinka Sarah , Kuhn Marc , Meyer‐Waarden Lars
Published: January 2025

Technological advancements are rapidly driving the automation and autonomy of emerging technologies, products, and services. Consequently, understanding the factors that influence their adoption is critical for successful implementation. Real‐world consumer experiences can significantly reshape initial attitudes and influence the adoption process. This study investigates the determinants of adoption intention before and after first real‐world experience with the technology of shared autonomous vehicles. Utilizing regulatory focus theory, we integrate constructs from technology acceptance, trust‐risk and transformative consumer research. This approach allows us to assess the impact of perceived usefulness, technology trust, and subjective well‐being on adoption intention. To examine individual temporal changes, we conduct a within‐subject longitudinal study involving 148 users of an autonomous shuttle project and employ an evolution model approach for panel data. Our results reveal that perceived usefulness and technology trust remain stable antecedents, whereas the impact of subjective well‐being diminishes with user experience. These results highlight the importance of stable technological performance and trust in facilitating the adoption of artificial intelligence‐enabled technologies, suggesting that initial user experiences can significantly reshape subsequent usage intentions. Additionally, our study sheds light on the factors influencing these direct antecedents of intention to use.
Development of pH‐Responsive SA/PEGDA/AS‐POSS Hydrogels via Michael Addition for Controlled Drug Release and Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Authors: Meng Yang , Li Wen , Zhang Lingji , Berrettoni Mario , Zhang Hongzhong , Zhang Xiaojing
Published: January 2025

In this study, thiolated sodium alginate (SA) and hydrophilic, polymerizable Janus‐type polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (AS‐POSS) are synthesized by introducing thiol and sulfonic acid groups, respectively. A series of pH‐responsive SA/PEGDA/AS‐POSS nanocomposite hydrogels are successfully prepared through Michael addition reactions between the thiol groups of thiolated sodium alginate and the double bonds in the molecular chains of AS‐POSS and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). This reaction proceeds rapidly under physiological conditions without requiring initiators or catalysts. As the content of AS‐POSS increases, the pore size within the hydrogel decreases, and the network structure becomes denser, with significant improvements in mechanical properties. The hydrogel exhibits excellent pH sensitivity, showing lower swelling in acidic media compared to neutral media, and undergoing hydrolysis and losing stability in alkaline media. Moreover, the incorporation of AS‐POSS significantly enhances the drug‐loading capacity (85.7 %) and encapsulation efficiency (72.1 %) of doxorubicin (DOX). The drug is released faster in weakly acidic environments, with a cumulative release rate reaching 80.4 %, demonstrating excellent targeting and controlled release properties. Cytotoxicity tests show that the SA/PEGDA/AS‐POSS hydrogel has good biocompatibility and exhibits effective tumor‐killing ability, indicating its great potential as a drug carrier with promising applications in biomedical materials.
Bio‐Based Surfactants via Borrowing Hydrogen Catalysis
Authors: Koy Maximilian , Fellert Maximilian , Deng Chuting , Uiterweerd Michiel T. , Lessentier Alicia , Wu Minyan , Cregut Mickael , Zheng Jianxia , Streiff Stephane , de Pablo Juan J. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: January 2025

A borrowing hydrogen approach to produce bio‐based surfactants is described. The process utilizes ubiquitous amino acids and common alcohols without protecting group manipulations. Surfactants are synthesized in a single step using a commercially available ruthenium‐based catalyst in a waste‐free manner with nearly ideal atom economy. The versatility of the products is shown by further derivatization resulting in novel Gemini surfactants and a related quaternary ammonia salt. The analysis of selected compounds shows remarkable properties as surfactants. Further studies show their potential biodegradability in nature, which enhances the broad application profile of the sustainable products prepared in this study.
Entrepreneurial architecture—A comparison among Europe, United States and Latin America universities
Authors: Ribeiro Artur Tavares Vilas Boas , Jorge Ricardo Reolon , Plonski Guilherme Ary , Gibson David Vandyke
Published: January 2025

A cornerstone for economic growth, universities have been impelled to the entrepreneurial turn to transform their knowledge into innovations and new ventures. A common strategy from university managers is to rely on the best practices and benchmarks of entrepreneurial universities. However, universities are heterogeneous and context‐dependent, thus requiring an in‐depth understanding of their missions, structural characteristics, and regional history, among other factors. Using the entrepreneurial architecture approach, this paper presents space and place differences from universities in Europe, Latin America, and the United States. Data was collected from 41 leaders from universities worldwide and analyzed through lexicometry methods. Results indicate how heterogeneity implies distinct organizational structures in universities, such as in strategy making, science commercialization culture, and the role of Technology Transfer Offices.
Case Report: The Versatile Art of Reconstruction: A Decade‐Long Journey With Recurrent Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Pathirana T. H. , Bandaranayake V. , Nellihela A. P. , Nikeshala S. , Saranga T. , Abegunasekara A. , Gunathilake S. , Asanthi N. J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Basocellular carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent skin malignancy, often localizing to the UV‐exposed skin of the face. While most BCC is relatively indolent, aggressive subtypes, including infiltrative BCC, pose the treatment challenges of ensuring functional and aesthetic preservation with a high risk of recurrence.

Case

A 78‐year‐old female patient complained of recurrent left chin BCC of infiltrative subtype, which was first treated in 2013 by wide local excision and adjuvant radiotherapy. Recurrent carcinoma was reported in 2017, 2021, and most recently in 2023. The most recent recurrence presented with scar contracture, facial asymmetry, and drooping of the lip. Surgical resection involved extensive excision of the lower lip and chin, exposing the mandible. Reconstruction was achieved with the help of bilaterally designed Karapandzic flaps for the lip and a bilobed rotational flap for the chin defect. Although no chemotherapy and immunotherapy were given, the functional and aesthetic result were satisfactory. The procedure was executed while preserving the pertinent neurovascular structures, maintaining oral competence, and restoring the lower face. The Karapandzic flap was helpful in maintaining the lip function, whereas the chin was reconstructed using the bilobed rotational flap. Post‐operative histology confirmed the diagnosis of BCC with squamous differentiation, which had clear margins. The patient did well and the cosmetic and functional outcome was satisfactory without any disease at 18 months after surgery.

Conclusion

This case sheds light on the difficulties encountered in treating recurrent facial BCC in developing countries. In the absence of systemic therapies, advanced surgical techniques and intensive follow‐up resulted in a long disease‐free period with good functional and aesthetic outcomes, thanks to the successful use of innovative reconstruction even in a low‐resource setting.
Lessons Learned on Obtaining Reliable Dynamic Properties for Ionic Liquids
Authors: Frömbgen Tom , Zaby Paul , Alizadeh Vahideh , Da Silva Juarez L. F. , Kirchner Barbara , Lourenço Tuanan C.
Published: January 2025

Ionic liquids are nowadays investigated with respect to their use as electrolytes for high‐performance energy storage materials. In this study, we provide a tutorial on how to calculate dynamic properties such as self‐diffusion coefficients, ionic conductivities, transference numbers, as well as ion pair and ion cage dynamics, that all play a role in judging the applicability of ionic liquids as electrolytes. For the case of the ionic liquid
, we investigate the performance of different force fields. Amongst them are non‐polarizable models employing unity charges, a charge‐scaled version of a non‐polarizable model, a polarizable model and another non‐polarizable model with refined Lennard‐Jones parameters. We also study the influence of the system size on the dynamic properties. While all studied force field models capture qualitatively correct trends, only the polarizable force field and the non‐polarizable force field with refined Lennard‐Jones parameters provide quantitative agreement to reference data, making the latter model very attractive for the reason of lower computational costs.
Deciphering Mg‐Surface Interactions with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: An Integrated Experimental‐Theoretical Study
Authors: Ghoshal Sourav , Carnegie Nathaniel , Ezeakunne Chidozie , Dangi Beni B. , Kattel Shyam
Published: January 2025

Here, we used a combination of laser‐induced experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the mechanism of growth of carbonaceous species on the Mg surface. Experimental observations revealed that the carbon deposit forms upon laser illumination on the Mg surface, with the deposit being clearer and better structured in the presence of 1,3‐butadiene (C4H6) compared to ethylene (C2H4) gas. DFT thermodynamic and kinetic calculations of C2−C4 hydrocarbons interaction on low‐index Mg(0001) were used to explain this experimental observation. Our results on Mg(0001) showed that the cis isomer of C4H6 binds more strongly than its trans isomer via a [4+2] cycloaddition mechanism. We also investigated the adsorption of two units of C2H4 and C4H6 molecules, as well as the subsequent dehydrogenation stages that produce radical species responsible for chain growth mechanisms. The results showed that free energy change of dehydrogenation of two units of cis‐C4H6 [i. e. cis‐C8H12] is lower than the dehydrogenation of trans conformer of C4H6 and C2H4 molecule, indicating that the dehydrogenation of two units of cis‐C4H6 facilitates the initiation of growth of carbonaceous species on Mg surfaces. Therefore, the DFT calculations pinpoint the origin of the experimental observation of clearer carbon deposits on the Mg surface.
Deciphering the Stability of Porous Ionic Liquids: Flow Dynamics, Liquid Structure and Suspension Energetics
Authors: Costa Gomes Margarida , Padua Agilio , Correa Cintia , Corsini Chiara , Legrand Gauthier , Avila Jocasta , Manneville Sebastien , Divoux Thibaut
Published: January 2025

The rheological behavior of porous ionic liquids comprising ZIF‐8 suspensions in two Newtonian ionic liquids — trihexyltetradecylphos‐ phonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and tri‐ hexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride — exhibited distinct and unexpected differences. ZIF‐8 suspensions in the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide‐based liquid showed Bingham behavior with a measurable yield stress, whereas those in the chloride‐based liquid remained Newtonian, even at high solid volume fractions of up to 17.4%. Remarkably, the viscosities of these porous liquids were not significantly higher than those of the pure ionic liquids. While explaining these behaviours, we could elucidate how the stability and dynamic properties of porous ionic liquids are governed by the highly structured liquid phases, determined experimentally and using molecular dynamics simulations, and by the balance between particle‐particle and ZIF‐8‐ionic liquid inter‐ actions, as evidenced by the heat effects measured during particle dispersion.
What Drives Consumer Willingness to Pay for Environmental, Social, and Governance Initiatives? A Choice Experiment
Authors: Lyu Seong Ok , Kim Changwook
Published: January 2025

This study explores consumer preferences for Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) initiatives, utilizing a choice experiment within the context of sports organizations. This research aims to identify how each ESG dimension influences consumer decision‐making and the economic implications for organizations implementing these practices. By examining gender differences in preferences for ESG practices, this study provides nuanced insights into consumer attitudes toward diverse sustainability initiatives. Results indicate consumer willingness to pay for improved ESG practices, with distinctive variations across demographic segments. These findings suggest that consumers prioritize sustainability and ethical considerations in their choices, offering valuable implications for sports organizations seeking to enhance their ESG performance. This study contributes to the expanding body of literature on consumer behavior toward ESG, highlighting the economic benefits of aligning corporate strategies with consumer values. Our research underscores the importance of ESG initiatives in driving consumer engagement and promoting sustainable business practices.