bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of The Radionuclides of The Petroleum Waste In Dora and Bijie Refineries Using (Hpge) Detector
Authors: Rasheed Essam Mohammed
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to detect the radioactivity of radionuclides and measure the specific activities and the uranium concentration in (19) samples of crude oil and oil waste were brought from two oil locations Dora refinery, Bijie refinery.

The measurements in this study were done by using two techniques:

1- Gamma rays spectroscopy system was used to measure the specific activity for radionuclides. This system is consist of high purity of germanium detector (HPGe) with personal computer as multi channel analyzer (MCA) that computerized to plot the radioactive spectrum and compute the specific activities of the radionuclides. There are seven   radionuclides are detected:

(Bi-214, Ra-226, TI-208, Bi-212, Pb-212, K-40, and Cs-137), these  radionuclides included; two

 

radionuclides (Bi-214,Ra-226) belong to the  U-238 series, three radionuclides (TI-208, Bi-212, Pb-212) belong to Th-232series, one natural radionuclide (K-40), and one artificial radionuclide (Cs-137).

For Dora refinery samples, the averages of specific activities of (Bi-214, Ra-226) were (7.79, 16.08) Bq/kg respectively, the averages of specific activities of (TI-208, Bi-212, Pb-212) were (7.95,4.05,5.75) Bq/kg , the average of specific activities of (Cs-137) was (0.64) Bq/kg , the average of specific activities of (K-40) was (99.3) Bq/kg.

For Bijie refinery samples, the average of specific activities of (Bi-214) was (0.39) Bq/kg, the averages specific activities of (Bi-212, Pb-212) were (0.02,0.01) Bq/kg, the average of specific activities of (K-40) was (2.28) Bq/kg , and three radionuclides (Ra-226, TI-208, and Cs-137) were not appeared in Bijie samples.

2- solid state nuclear track detectors technique (SSNTDs), the uranium concentration determined by using CR-39 track detector and fission fragment track technique, the nuclear reaction used as source of uranium fission fragment is U-235 (n-f) obtained by the bombardment of U-235with thermal neutrons emitted from (Am-Be) neutron source with flux (5000 n/cm2.s) for seven days, the concentration were calculated by

comparison with the standard samples. The uranium concentration in Dora refinery samples were ranged between (0.95-3.34) ppm with average (2.03) ppm for solid samples and (1.25) ppm for liquid samples. The uranium concentration in Bijie refinery samples were ranged from (0.42-1.46) ppm with average (0.55) ppm in the solid samples and (1.24) ppm in the liquid samples, these results are agreement with the permissible limit from IAEA, the permissible limit is (1mSv/y) for the public.
The Geomechanics and the Acoustic Anisotropy of Reservoir Rocks
Authors: Al-Yaseri Ahmed Zarzor
Published: May 2021

Knowing the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus (E)( ,Poisson’s Ratio (ν), Shear Modulus (G), Bulk modulus (K) andcompressibility which is the inverse of Bulk modulus) of the rocksinvolve in a reservoir, are critical factors for reservoircharacterization). Those properties affect a wide variety ofapplications into the petroleum industry; from drilling well planningand execution to production performance (sand production,compaction, subsidence, etc) passing through a wide variety of topicslike wellbore stability, well completions and of course reservoircharacterization. For these reasons, the knowledge of these propertiesis really valuable for people working in the petroleum industry and ofcourse working in reservoir characterization.This study was located in Berea town, Oklahoma, and it wasintended to identify the geomechanical and acoustic properties of asandstone sample. The Berea sandstone elastic properties arecharacterized using two methods: Quasi static and Dynamic. Adetailed explanation of the sample preparation and the testing Journal of Petroleum Research & StudiesE 20procedure is provided. Calculation results for both methods showedconsistent values for the Young’s modulus being around 3,000,000psi. The Poisson’s Ratio value is between 0.13 and 0.3. This study wasperformed in the PoroMechanics Institute (PMI) in the SarkeysEnergy Center at the University of Oklahoma, USA.Monitoring equipment was used to obtain all the informationnecessary for the proper characterization of the rock. The results ofthis work are a good tool that can be used in future simulations such ashydraulic fracturing treatment, reservoir fluid flow or reserveestimation.
Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitor Blend Efficiency in Recirculation Cooling Water of Al-Doura Refinery
Authors: Sameh Dr. Shatha A.
Published: May 2021

The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in circulating cooling water (C.T.) of Al Doura Refinery and performance of sodium nitrite (SN) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) inhibitor blend for inhibition of such corrosion process have been investigated at different temperatures, i.e., 303, 313, 323 K.                                                                            

Weight loss experiment, under isothermal conditions, together with polarization method were carried out at 303, 313, and 323K using C.T., and make up with SN:SHMP (500:100) solutions. The results proved that the inhibition efficiency of the corrosion inhibitor used in this work is better than that obtained by the corrosion inhibitor used in C.T. of Al Doura Refinery and less effected by the change in temperature.
Analytical and Numerical Analysis for Estimation Hydrocarbon in Place for Fauqi Oil Field
Authors: Al-Suadni Dr. Jalal A.
Published: May 2021

The Fauqi oil field is located about 50Km north-east Amara town in Iraq. This field has two producing reservoir units, the Asmari and the deeper Mishrif. Fauqi field is an anticline crossing the Iraqi-Iranian border and approximately 15 km long and 6 km wide.

The Fauqi anticline is most probably segmented by several faults due to its location on Zagrous mountains area. Since, it is not possible to get full knowledge on the extent, orientation and segmentation of the field.

         Production data used for the Material Balance analyses is comprised of a record, by well, of monthly cumulative oil production for the period 01 May 1979 – 01November 2007. The field was shut in due to the Iran-Iraq war between September 1980 and August 1998 and due to Gulf war between March to December 2003.

         Twelve major modules, with different degrees of analytical sophistication have been used to prove oil initially in place (STOIIP) for Fauqi oil field throughout analyzing single well production history of FQ-8A. The accuracy for the obtained results has been investigated which show an acceptable degree of reliability.

         Performing the twelve of different analytical and numerical calculation for the production history of Fauqi oil well Fq-8A, may assist to reduce the uncertainties in the reservoir calculation of the STOIIP especially in Asmari reservoir which show a considerable degree of uncertainty between the analytical (multiple column model) and the (full tank model) and also with the numerical calculation.
Iraq Crude Oil Exports – July, August, September 2016 and Crude Oil production Rates and Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt
Authors: Somo Ministry of Oil / Oil Marketing Company
Published: May 2021

Table 1. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – July 2016Table 2. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – August 2016Table 3. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – September 2016Table 4. Crude Oil production Rates and Crude Discharge for July / 2016Table 5. Oil Production Rates for July /2016 Table 6. Crude Oil Production Rates and Crude Discharge for August / 2016Table 7. Oil Production Rates for August /2016Table 8. Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt for July /2016Table 9. Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt for August / 2016
تحضير وتشخيص وتقييم مركب خلات اثيلين ثنائي الامين ثنائيثنائي حامض الخليك – N', N ( 2- مثيلين رباعي هيدروفورفوريل) كمثبط لتأكل فولاذ الكربون في وسط حامض الكبريتيك
Authors: Al-Azzawi Ahlam Maarouf Hussain Al-Azzawi , Al-Obaidi K. Khalaf Hammoud Mohammed Al-Obaidi
Published: May 2021

يتضمن البحث تحضيرحامض الاثيلين ثنائي الامين رباعي حامض الخليك اللامائي [ 1] من خلال تفاعلمع (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) EDTA مادة الاثيلين ثنائي الامين رباعي حامض الخليكحامض الخليك اللامائي وبوجود البيريدين تحت ظروف التصعيد.في الخطوة الثانية من التحضير العضوي تم مفاعلة المركب [ 1] مع الكحول الحاوي على حلقة غير متجانسةليتكون استرالخلات الثنائي [ 2] الحاوي في تركيبه على مجموعة الاستر tetrahydrofurfuryl alcoholوالحلقة غير المتجانسة بشكل ثنائي.تم تنقية المركبات المحضرة واثبات تراكيبها من خلال قياس درجات الانصهار، كما شخصت بواسطة الطرائقوتقنية الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للهيدروجين والكربون , ( FTIR الطيفية ( الاشعة تحت الحمراء.(1HNMR, 13CNMR)تم دراسة تأتير المركب [ 2] الذائب بالماء كمثبط لتأكل فولاذ الكربون في محيط 0.3 عياري حامض الكبريتيكباستخدام منحنى الاستقطاب بواسطة المجهاد الساكن.بينت النتائج المستحصلة من منحنيات الاستقطاب انخفاض تأكل العينة بعد اضافة 50 جزء بالمليون من- المركب [ 2] مقارنة بعدم اضافته من خلال قيم تيار التأكل وبدرجات حرارية مختلفة تراوحت بمدى ( 308338 ) كلفن. تم ايضا حساب القيم الثرموديناميكية للامتزاز وهي الطاقة الحرة القياسية للامتزاز ، انثالبيالامتزاز ، انتروبي الامتزاز. وكذلك تم احتساب القيم الحركية من طاقة التنشيط ، معامل ارينيوس ، انثالبي.[ التنشيط ، انتروبي التنشيط بغياب ووجود الاستر المحضر
Simulation of underground storage / UM EL-Radhuma Formation-Ratawi field
Authors: Mohamed Sameera Mohamed , Allah Hamd-Allah , Fukaa Hayder Saeed Fukaa
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of underground storage of gas in Um El-Radhuma formation /Ratawi field. This formation is an aquifer consisting of a high permeable dolomitebeds overlain by impermeable anhydrite bed of Rus formation. Interactive petrophysics (IP), Petrel REand Eclipse 100 softwares were used to conduct a well log interpretation, build a reservoir simulationmodel and predict the reservoir behavior during storage respectively. A black oil, three dimensionaland two phase fluid model has been used. The results showed that the upper part of Um El-Radhumaformation is suitable for underground gas storage, because of the seal of its cap rock and capability ofreserving gas in the reservoir. It was found that available volume for storage is 14.3 billion cubic feetwith a structural closure of 45 m. the optimum injection rate has been calculated also.
Effect of CO2 phase on its water displacements in a sandstone core sample: experimental study
Authors: Al-Zaidi Ebraheam Al-Zaidi , Fan Xianfeng Fan
Published: May 2021

CO2 capture and storage have been considered as a key strategy to tackle CO2 high concentrations inthe atmosphere. The captured CO2 is injected into deep saline aquifers, depleted hydrocarbon reservoirsand coal beds as gas, liquid, and/or supercritical phase. The CO2 phase may affect its injection,migration, and displacement efficiency. Research work on CO2 storage has mainly focused on thetrapping mechanism, risk assessment, storage site selection, etc. However, CO2 phase effect on itsinjection and displacement efficiency has largely been neglected. In this paper, experimental work wasdesigned to investigate the impact of CO2 phase on the pressure and production profiles as theexperimental pressure increases.The results show that CO2 phase significantly affects the differential pressure profile, relativepermeability of CO2, and residual water saturation in a sandstone core sample. The differential pressureprofiles of gaseous CO2 and supercritical CO2 phases were significantly different from that of liquidCO2 phase, particularly before the CO2 breakthrough. The increase in the experimental pressure causedan increase in the differential pressure profile of the sub critical CO2 phases (gaseous and liquid CO2)but a reduction in that of the supercritical phase. The relative permeabilities of the three CO2 phaseswere in the range of 11-21 % while the residual water saturations (Swr) were in the range of 36 to 42 %.In general, the relative permeabilities of both gaseous and supercritical CO2 phases are quite close. Therelative permeabilities of liquid CO2 phase are higher. The increase in pressure caused an increase inthe relative permeability and a decline in the Swr. The scale of the change depends on CO2 phase. Thus,our results reveal the high impact of CO2 phase on its injection, and displacements efficiency.
The possibility of using associated gases of the khabaz oil field in supporting the production of electrical energy
Authors: Baker Sinan Abdulrazzaq Baker
Published: May 2021

This research includes a study of the components of the associated gases in khabaz oil field using GasChromatography instrument type (Varian cp-3800).Results of the analysis of the associated gases showed that the methane (CH4) is a (75%), while thehydrogen sulfide (H2S) is (2%).The samples of the associated gases were collected from the inside of the khabaz station and fromthe (Line A - 5), which provides North Gas Company of associated gases, is a mixture of gases comingfrom gas compressing stations (north & south Bai Hassan, Daodgorga, Ajil station and khabaz station).Can take advantage of associated gas after treatment it in the North Gas Company for several purposessuch as feeding power plant Mulla Abdullah, fuel gas for the operating units, production of sulfur andLPG.The productivity of khabaz oil field at the present time of the associated gas is (28-34 mmscf / day).The amount of the associated gases that burned in (flare) in khabaz oil field is (4 mmscf / day), Thedensity of the flaring gas is (0.000921gm / cm3) where (mgas = ρgas * vgas), the (1 mmscf) of gasequivalent to (26 ton), the flaring associated gas rate in khabaz oil field equivalent to (104 ton / day),which is enough to generate (8.4 megawatt) of electrical energy.
Study the Effect of Corrosion on the Pipes of Oil Well Production
Authors: Hamied Dr. Ramzy. S. Hamied , Alhassan Dr. Mohammad. A. Alhassan , Al-Bidry Dr. Mayssaa. A. AL-Bidry
Published: May 2021

Corrosion costs of the oil industry are billions of dollars in a year. Corrosion affects every aspect ofexploration and production of oil, from offshore rigs to casing and transporting the crude oil torefinery or exporting terminal. This study aims to investigate the effect of sulfur content on thecorrosion of carbon steel and composite material (polyester/fiberglass) pipes used in wellproduction. .In the present work three specimens of pipes from (Al – Nasiriyah oil field, Al – Daura refinery, andcomposite material) are prepared in the center of the training and workshop in university oftechnology with (3, and 5 mm) thickness and (30 mm) diameter which immersed in different typesof Iraqi crude oil field (East – Baghdad, Al – Nasiriyah, and Al – Rumaila field) in different times (0,14, 28, 42, and 56 day). Physical properties (viscosity, density, API grade, specific gravity (sp.gr),sulfur %, sediment %, and water %) of three types of Iraqi crude oil are tested in lab of petroleumtechnology department. Also study specimens of pipes by microscope to knowing the effect ofsulfur % on these specimens. .The results showed that when increasing duration of immersed pipes and sulfur content in crude oilincreased the rate of corrosion, and the composite material pipe gives the best result compared withthe other two specimens pipes used because they didn’t influenced by corrosion when immersed inIraqi crude oil. Also, it was noted that the diffusion coefficient decreased in composite pipecompared with the other pipes.
Corrosion protection of copper pipes in cooling systems using poly styrene solution in North oil Company/Baba Gorge
Authors: Al-izzi Tariq Yasen Al-izzi
Published: May 2021

This research includes a study of the problem of corrosion in petroleum industry which decaying inthe body of the Iraqi economy, and it is Non-controlled accurately and resorting to toggle mechanismand import of machinery and equipment, which cost the country large sums of money.Four Solutions of gasoline distillates and toluene was prepared and attended the five types ofsolvents, by taking 100 ml of each distilled and dissolved (30) grams of material polystyrene (cork),(available, cheap and that its presence is causing pollution to the environment), then used 5 ml of aproduce mixture in a different rates mixing of distillates and toluene. Solutions have been tested onfifteen models of copper pipes for cooling devices are processed for the study after welded andpainted and placed at the area Baba gurgur region in the North Oil Company-Iraq as an affected areagases that cause corrosion of copper pipes in the cooling devices, the mixture of number (4) has beenshown a very good resistance for corrosion after nine months from the time of exposure to the gas.
Studies and Modeling for Upgrading Units for Heavy Oil Refineries
Authors: Ali Salah M. Ali , Moshref Dr. Hareth Sh. Moshref , Ibrahim Saad K. Ibrahim , Mohammed Harith A. Mohammed , Shakor Dr. Zaidoon M. Shakor , Mohmud Dr. Shaker Mohmud
Published: May 2021

The primary objective of this study is to predict the optimum operating conditions required tooperate an existing atmospheric distillation column to distillate heavier crude oils in same unit whichdesigned mainly to fractionate moderate and lighter crude oils.Detailed simulation model of atmospheric distillation column was made using Aspen Hysys V.8.4 software. The model built depending on the data of real plant which located in Al-Daura midlandrefinery company at Baghdad/Iraq. The crude oils were described using the true boiling point (TBP)assays and Peng-Robinson package were used to predict thermodynamic properties. Three differenttypes of crude oils (Kirkuk light, Basrah light and Basrah medium) were selected to identify themodel validity. The simulation results agree very well with the industrial plant results. Finally theproposed model was used to predict optimum operating conditions required to distillate a blend oflight and heavy Basrah crude oil with different mixing ratios. The objective of the optimization is topredict the maximum profit of the products within the required specifications. At optimum operatingconditions the total yearly profit for distillation of a blend of 50% vol. light+50% vol. heavy basrahcrude oil was found to be 713.28 M$.
التحليل الكمي للمجاميع العضوية باستخدام تقنية الاشعة تحت الحمراء
Authors: شنيهج Kareem , رضا Selma , بصري Lamya
Published: May 2021

استخدام طيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء لاجراء التحليل الكمي للمجاميع العضوية اعتماداً على حساب طيف الامتصاص للمجاميع العضوية ( العطريات  والبارافينات والنفثينات والاولفينات ومجموعة الكاربونيل ) وعند رسم علاقة النسب المئوية مع مقدار الامتصاصية تم الحصول على المنحنيات القياسية واشتقاق المعادلات الرياضية في الحسابات الكمية بواسطة جهاز الاشعة تحت الحمراء (FTIR) .

وحددت النسب المئوية للمجاميع العضوية للمركبات البارافينية والعطرية والنفثينية في زيوت التزييت وحساب الامتصاصية عند  Wave number  ((750 cm-1 طبق قانون بير في المدى بين(15 – 40) مايكروغرام/مل وبمعامل ارتباط مقداره 0.9192  وكذلك تحديد النسب المئوية للبارافينات والعطريات بالكيروسين تحت Wave number (1610 cm-1) طبق قانون بير في المدى بين (10.2 – 50) مايكروغرام/مل وبمعامل ارتباط مقداره 0.9842  وايضاً تم تحديد النسب المئوية الى الزايلينات هي (p– xylene ،o- xylene،m-xylene ) طبق قانون بير في المدى بين(5– 30) مايكروغرام/مل وبمعامل ارتباط مقداره 0.9849 و0.9613 و 0.9032  وايضاً تم تحديد ومعاملة كل واحد على حده مع زيت البارافين وبنسب ايضاً مختلفة وبنفس الطرق السابقة  حصلنا على المعادلات الرياضية لحساب المواد البارافينية الى الميتا والبارا والاورثو زايلين وكذلك تحديد مجموعة Carbonyl group  حيث مزجت مادة مثيل اثيل كيتون (MEK) طبق قانون بير في المدى بين(5 – 30) مايكروغرام/مل وبمعامل ارتباط مقداره 0.9716 و0.9670  وايجاد المعادلة النهائية لحساب المواد العطرية الموجودة في الـ  (  ) بنفس الطرق السابقة حسبت النسبة المئوية للـ (MEK) تحت عدد موجي cm-1) 1730(.وقد تمت مقارنة  النتائج التي حصلنا  عليها من المعادلات الرياضية بواسطة جهاز الأشعة تحت الحمراء مع  نتائج جهاز التحليل الكروماتوغرافيا GC)) للمقاطع النفطية الخفيفة لغرض التأكد من دقة الطريقة فقد كانت النتائج قريبة جداً بين قراءة الجهازين ونسبة الخطأ في جميع النقاط  لاتتجاوز ( 0.5%± ).
Thermal Analysis of In-Service Welding Process for Pipeline
Authors: Amori Dr.Karima E. , Hussain Mohamed N. , Hilal Hadeel B.
Published: May 2021

A numerical model had been developed using three dimensional finite element method to predict temperature history of pipe wall thickness by using a FORTRAN computer program. The developed numerical model concerned with the effect of power and velocity of moving heat source, temperature dependent material properties, and transient heat transfer and phase change transformation. Also the effect of heat flux and flow rate on cooling time was investigated numerically.

An experimental setup had been designed, manufactured and instrumented to investigate the thermal history of an in-service welding process considering air as the flowing fluid inside test pipe. The burn-through was investigated experimentally under the influence of gas flow rate, heat flux and the depth of defect presented in pipeline wall. It has been concluded that the burn-through do not occur for the studied parameter range. The results showed that as the flow rate increases from (24 - 30 lpm) the cooling time decrease by a rate of (11.7 %) and when the flow rate increase from (24-60 lpm) the cooling time decrease by a rate of (41.1 %) without affecting peak temperature with pipe wall thickness of (6mm). Also it has been concluded that as the heat flux increases from (1110- 1370 kJ/mm) the peak temperature increases with a rate of (22.11 %) and cooling time increase with (25.4 %) when the heat flux increases from (1110- 1659 kJ/mm) the peak temperature increases with a rate of (46.86%) and cooling time increase with (50.7 %) with pipe thickness of (6mm).
Poly Acryl Amide as Acid Corrosion Inhibitor of C-steel in 15% HCl
Authors: Yaqoob Dr. Ghassan Burhan
Published: May 2021

The effect of poly acryl amide in the 15% HCl solution of carbon steel (class L-80) was studied using weight loss method , the  efficiency of inhibitor increased by increasing inhibitor concentration and decreasing temperatures. Inhibition attributed to insoluble complex adsorbed on the coupon (L-80) carbon steel surface. The iron complex was identified by FTIR. And the mechanism of inhibition was explained as Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption operation was calculated and explained
Microfacies analysis and petrographic study of the Mishrif Formation, in selected wells from southeastern of Iraq
Authors: Saleh Dr. Afrah H.
Published: May 2021

Mishrif carbonates formation, is a major reservoir in southeast of Iraq and is one of the principle carbonate reservoir in central and southern Iraq, which is of Late Cenomanian to Early Turronian. A petrographic and depositional Environment study has been carried out by examining available thin sections in the Ministry of Oil for wells (No-1, No-2 (Noor field), Am-1(Amara field) and Hf-1 (Halfaya field)).

     The main skeletal grains of the Mishrif formation include coral, Rudist, large and small benthonic Foraminifera & planktonic Foraminifera (Planktonic Foraminifera are common in the lower part of the Mishrif Formation), ostracods, echinoderms, and molluscs. The Rudist were found in small to large fragments; and as a complete fossil covering the whole thin section. The Non-skeletal grains included peloids, and micrite.

     The most important diagenetic processes affecting on the Mishrif Formation are dolomitization, dissolution, cementation, micritization, recrystallization and Stylolite.

Mishrif succession comprises six paleoenvironments which are deep marine, shallow open marine, rudist biostrome, shoal, back shoal, and lagoon.
The Use of Bitumen in the Stabilization of Lead Contaminated Iraqi Soil
Authors: Mutter Dr. Ghazi Maleh
Published: May 2021

Iraq is one of the biggest countries in oil production and its processes.  Bitumen is a by-product material that remains after the process of crude oil. This study is designed to investigate the role of bitumen in the stabilization of lead contaminated Iraqi soil; as measured by a newly developed “mini” Jet Device and the dispersion ratio method (DR,%).

     The results revealed that both bitumen amount and its method of mixing with soil, as a direct or as emulsion mixing, can significantly improve the stability of lead contaminated soil. Hence, only 3% bitumen as emulsion mixing was required to get the optimum soil stabilization, compared with 9% in direct mixing. A 3% bitumen emulsion has reduced both the scouring depth (SD, from 24.5 to1.6 mm; R= -0.90) and the erodibility coefficient (Kd, from 1.09 to 0.14; R= -0.86) as a result of improving soil engineering properties related to soil stabilization. However, the 3% of bitumen emulsion has also improved the soil chemical properties that have an important role in soil aggregation and lead mobility; such as pH, EC and SAR. Therefore, 3% of bitumen emulsion has successfully decreased both the dispersion ratio (DR, % from 7.03 to 4.48; R= -0.90) and the lead solubility (Pb from 48.8 to 4.9ppm; R= -0.96) in the solutions of lead contaminated soil.
Iraq Crude Oil Exports – May, June, July 2017
Authors: / Oil Marketing Company Ministry of Oil
Published: May 2021

Table 1. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – May 2017Table 2. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – June 2017Table 3. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – July 2017
THỰC TRẠNG CẤP CỨU SƠ SINH VÀ MÔ HÌNH BỆNH TẬT CẤP CỨU SƠ SINH TẠI CÁC TUYẾN BỆNH VIỆN TỈNH HÒA BÌNH
Authors: Khu Thị Khánh Dung
Published: May 2021

Mục tiêu: Thực trạng cấp cứu sơ sinh tại tỉnh Hòa bình. Đối tượng phương pháp: thu thập số liệu ở tất cả các hồ sơ, bệnh án sơ sinh trong năm 2018 (sơ sinh vào viện trong tình trạng cấp cứu tại các tuyến bệnh viện tỉnh Hòa Bình từ 01/01/ 2018 đến 30/12/2018. Kết quả: Mô hình bệnh cấp cứu tại tuyến tỉnh phổ biến nhất là suy hô hấp (58,8%), nhiễm khuẩn (26,8%) và vàng da (6,7%). Mô hình bệnh cấp cứu tuyến huyện chủ yếu vẫn là suy hô hấp (63,2%), tương tự như mô hình tại tuyến tỉnh. Tuy nhiên tỷ lệ nhiễm khuẩn ở đây thấp hơn nhiều (5,3%). Tuy nhiên nếu tính viêm phổi vào nhóm nhiễm khuẩn, tỷ lệ nhiễm khuẩn ở tuyến huyện cũng khoảng 10%. Có 77,2% số trường hợp cấp cứu thành công, tuy nhiên vẫn còn 21,6% cấp cứu không thành công tại tuyến tỉnh. Cấp cứu thành công tại tuyến huyện 77,9%. Cần được phân tích nguyên nhân, các yếu tố liên quan để có các can thiệp phù hợp, giảm tỷ lệ này. Kết luận: Cấp cứu và tử vong liên quan chính đến đẻ non, ngạt. Đề xuất chăm sóc bà mẹ khi mang thai và nâng cao kỹ năng cấp cứu hồi sức sơ sinh tại phòng đẻ được.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM DỊCH TỄ HỌC LÂM SÀNG HÔN MÊ TRẺ EM TẠI KHOA ĐIỀU TRỊ TÍCH CỰC BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG
Authors: Bùi Thị Hải , Phạm Văn Thắng
Published: May 2021

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm dịch tễ học lâm sàng hôn mê ở trẻ em tại khoa Điều trị tích cực Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương (ĐTTC, BVNTW). Nghiên cứu mô tả 138 bệnh nhân hôn mê tại BVNTW trong thời gian từ 8/2019 đến 7/2020. Kết quả nhóm tuổi hay gặp nhất là dưới 5 tuổi, tỷ lệ nam/nữ 1.88/1. Các nguyên nhân hôn mê hay gặp là nhóm bệnh chuyển hóa (28,9%), nhiễm khuẩn thần kinh trung ương (NKTKTW) (21,7%), thiếu oxy não (22,5%), ngoài ra còn gặp ngộ độc, tai biến mạch não, trạng thái động kinh, còn 2,9% hôn mê chưa rõ nguyên nhân. Các triệu chứng hay gặp là sốt, co giật, tăng/giảm trương lực cơ, thay đổi đồng tử, suy tạng, tăng đường máu, rối loạn điện giải. Nhóm bệnh chuyển hóa thường gặp ở trẻ dưới 1 tuổi, triệu chứng hay gặp là giảm trương lực cơ, có tiền sử gia đình. Nhóm NKTKTW hay gặp các triệu chứng như sốt, co giật, dấu hiệu màng não. Tiền sử tiếp xúc độc chất khai thác được ở đa số bệnh nhân ngộ độc. Kết luận nguyên nhân hôn mê hay gặp là nhóm bệnh chuyển hóa, NKTKTW, thiếu oxy não, dựa vào các dấu hiệu lâm sàng có thể bước đầu định hướng nguyên nhân.
GIẢM TIẾNG ỒN TẠI KHOA HỒI SỨC NGOẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI ĐỒNG 1
Authors: Trần Quang Dư , Đỗ Văn Niệm , Huỳnh Trọng Sang , Phạm Thị Liễu , Trịnh Thị Phương Thảo , Nhâm Bá Duy , Lê Thị Châu , Lê Thị Thu Thúy
Published: May 2021

Giới thiệu: Môi trường vật lý và tâm lý ảnh hưởng quan trọng đến chất lượng điều trị và hài lòng nghề nghiệp. Có 2 nguồn tiếng ồn chính được xác định tại khoa Hồi sức ngoại là lời nói và báo động thiết bị. Mục tiêu: Giảm cường độ tiếng ồn trung bình (LAeq) và cực đại (LCpeak) theo thứ tự dưới 65dB và 90dB vào ban ngày, đồng thời tăng tỷ lệ tuân thủ hướng dẫn kiểm soát tiếng ồn trên 85%. Phương pháp: Kết hợp nghiên cứu cắt ngang để đánh giá, chọn ứng dụng đo tiếng ồn, xác định nguồn phát, giờ cao điểm để chọn lựa can thiệp ưu tiên. Tiếp cận theo chu trình PDCA[1] với thiết kế chuỗi thời gian trước - sau không nhóm chứng ở giai đoạn can thiệp. Đối tượng nghiên cứu: môi trường âm thanh, nhân viên y tế và người bệnh tại khoa Hồi sức ngoại. Chọn 3 vị trí cố định để đo tiếng ồn mỗi giờ, đủ 24 giờ trong 02 ngày và 8 giờ (7:00 -16:00) vào ban ngày trong 02 tuần, ghi nguồn phát âm thanh tại thời điểm đo để xác định giờ cao điểm và nguyên nhân. Đo tiếng ồn 3 khung giờ cao điểm tại 3 vị trí cố định mỗi ngày và chọn mẫu thuận tiện các cơ hội thực hiện để giám sát sự tuân thủ các hướng dẫn nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả can thiệp. Tính trung bình, độ lệch chuẩn của biến định lượng và tần suất của biến phân nhóm ở nghiên cứu cắt ngang. Sử dụng biểu đồ kiểm soát phân tích dữ liệu chuỗi thời gian ở giai đoạn can thiệp. Kết quả: Cường độ tiếng ồn trung bình (LAeq) và cực đại (LCpeak) lần lượt giảm từ 70,11dB xuống 67,72dB và 102,71dB xuống 100,68dB. Khuynh hướng cường độ tiếng ồn trung bình giảm có ý nghĩa trên biểu đồ tổng tích lũy và gần đạt mục tiêu. Tỷ lệ tuân thủ hướng dẫn cài đặt, xử trí báo động, bàn giao bệnh có khuynh hướng tăng và lệch trên trung bình có ý nghĩa thống kê với giá trị trung bình lần lượt là 89,11%; 84,17% và 91,67%, đạt mục tiêu cải tiến. Kết luận: Các can thiệp bước đầu làm giảm nhẹ tiếng ồn. Cần can thiệp bổ sung để đạt mục tiêu và duy trì kết quả, nhằm giảm căng thẳng cho người bệnh và nhân viên, hướng đến môi trường điều trị và làm việc an toàn về tâm lý.
Analisis Kualitas Website Dan Kepuasan Nasabah Terhadap Website Pt. Bank Sinarmas Tbk Menggunakan Metode Webqual 4.0
Authors: Winarni Ade , Riska Wellian
Published: May 2021

Website memiliki peranan penting bagi perbankan karena merupakan media informasi sekaligus sarana promosi berbasis online yang sangat effective digunakan untuk menjangkau masyarakat luas. PT. Bank Sinarmas Tbk sebagai salah satu bank terbesar di Indonesia tentunya memiliki keperluan untuk memiliki website berkualitas tinggi agar dapat bersaing dengan bank-bank lainnya dalam memberikan layanan informasi terbaik baik untuk nasabah maupun calon nasabanya. Sayangnya, hingga saat ini masih belum ada pengukuran terkait tingkat kepuasan nasabah terhadap kualitas website yang dimiliki oleh Bank Sinarmas. Mengetahui hal itu maka dilakukan penelitian berjudul “Analisis kualitas website dan kepuasan nasabah terhadap website PT. Bank Sinarmas Tbk menggunakan metode webqual 4.0. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengukur tingkat kepuasan nasabah berdasarkan 4 variabel penting yaitu ketergunaan (usability), kualitas informasi (information quality), kualitas layanan interaksi (service interaction quality) dan kepuasan nasabah (service user satisfication). Pada penelitian ini akan dianalisis data dari jawaban kuesioner yang telah dibagikan kepada 50 sampel random nasabah PT. Bank Sinarmas, Tbk kantor cabang Tanjungpinang menggunakan metode Webqual 4.0 dan software SPSS 22.
Aplikasi Tata Letak Muatan Pada Kapal Barang Menggunakan Perhitungan Tonase
Authors: Dwi Nurul Huda  , Tono  , Ricak Agus Setiawan
Published: May 2021

Aplikasi Tata Letak Muatan Pada Kapal Barang merupakan suatu sistem yang dirancang untuk membantu perwira kapal dalam mendapatkan informasi mengenai barang yang dimuat diatas kapal. Proses muat barang yang tidak tertata menyebabkan kesulitan saat proses bongkar dan menjadi suatu kemungkinan besar barang akan rusak akibat barang lain yang dimuat. Kapten dan Mualim II selaku perwira yang mengambil keputusan alur laut yang akan dilalui kapal wajib mengetahui berat keseluruhan dari kapal. Mualim I sebagai pengontrol barang yang akan dimuat keatas kapal hanya dapat memberi instruksi dalam bentuk komunikasi biasa. Selain itu terkadang buruh bongkar muat kebingungan saat di beri instruksi untuk mengambil suatu barang muatan disuatu tujuan karena mereka tidak melihat langsung proses penempatan muatan barang. Dengan demikian diharapkan aplikasi ini dapat menjadi solusi permasalahan yang timbul tersebut.
Perancangan Dan Implementasi Kecerdasan Buatan Menggunakan Algoritma String Matching Pada Prototype Filtering Asap Berbasis Mikr
Authors: Manihuruk Wan Hendra , Budi Purnomo  , Saharudin
Published: May 2021

Polusi udara menjadi masalah penting yang dapat mengancam kehidupan manusia. Banyak aktifitas-aktifitas manusia yang menyebabkan terjadinya polusi udara. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan suatu monitoring tingkat polusi udara untuk mengetahui indeks polusi udara di kawasan tersebut dalam rangka mempertahankan kadar polutan di bawah nilai ambang batasnya. Untuk mengetahui kadar asap dengan menggunakan sensor asap MQ-2 yang peka terhadap kualitas udara. Dan untuk tampilan indeks menggunakan LCD dan secara software dengan komunikasi serial yang sebelumnya di proses oleh mikrokontroler. Sistem ini diharapkan mampu memberikan solusi terhadap masalah pencemaran udara karena biaya yang diperlukan terjangkau dibanding dengan alat dari badan lingkungan hidup. Perancangan Dan Implementasi Kecerdasan Buatan Menggunakan Algoritma String Matching Pada Prototype Filtering Asap Berbasis MikrokontrolerAVR Atmega 32A diimplementasikan berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Arduino sebagai bahasa pemrograman mikrokontroler dan Eclipse untuk membuat aplikasi android.
Sistem Informasi Penjualan Berbasis Web Toko Satunusa Ritel Tanjungpinang
Authors: Eldapendra Iim
Published: May 2021

Toko Satunusa merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang penjualan bahan jahit. Toko Satunusa melakukan proses pendataan dan perhitungan stok barang yang berjalan secara manual. Dimana proses manual ini menimbulkan permasalahan. Kelemahan dari proses sistem penjualan ini adalah kurang efisien dan efektif dan memakan banyak waktu dalam pembuatan laporan. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan sebagai alat bantu dalam penelitian serta perancangan sistem baru yaitu Dreamweaver cs3 dengan menggunakan metedologi waterfall untuk mengaplikasi perkembangannya. Hasil pengembangan dari sistem Dreamweaver cs3 dapat memberikan potensi kerja yang cepat dan akurat serta efisiensi sehingga dapa menigkatkan potensi toko. Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Penjualan yang dihasilkan mampu mengelola data penjualan, yang meliputi data transaksi pembelian barang, data transaksi penjualan barang, data barang, data supplier dan data stok secara terorganisasi, serta menghasilkan laporan yang lengkap, akurat dan aktual. Sistem Informasi Penjualan menggunakan sistem website.
Patient survival rate and graft survival rate of kidney transplant recipients in Rajavithi Hospital
Authors: Paisankit Siwat , Wongwattanasatien Nattapong , Choonhaklai Vorapot , Pumpaisanchai Somkiat , Thaidumrong Tanet , Kosrisirikul Chawawat , Sinthubodee Sermsin , Huabkong Matchima
Published: May 2021

Objective: To report the outcomes and complications of transplant activity and the survival data of kidney transplant patients and grafts.

Material and Method: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who received a kidney transplant at our institution, and reported the donor, recipient, and transplant characteristics from January 2012 to September 2019.The primary outcome was patient survival and graft survival at 1, 3, and 5 years.

Results: A total of 136 kidney transplants were performed from January 2012 to September 2019; 29% (37) and 71% (89) were living and deceased donor transplants. Patient survival rates were 96.8%, 96%, and 96% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Graft survival rates were 95.2%, 94.4%, and 92.9% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Traffic accident was the most common cause of death in the brain-dead donors. The most common cause of end-stage renal disease was biopsy proved IgA nephropathy. The most common early and late complications after transplant were delayed graft function and renal vascular complication, respectively. Infection was the most common cause of death in kidney transplant recipients.

Conclusion: We have reported the total number, the graft and the patient survival data of kidney transplant recipients in Rajavithi Hospital from 2012 to 2019. Although the number of patients is lower than in other institutions in Thailand, and also in developed countries, the patient and the graft survival rates are comparable. Better outcomes were found in living donor transplants.
A randomized placebo controlled trial comparison of pre-incision infiltration of a local anaesthetic drug to reduce postoperative pain after laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Authors: Jiramanee Vatachanont , Thaidumrong Tanet , Choonhaklai Vorapot , Pumpaisanchai Somkiet , Wongwattanasatien Nattapong , Sindhubodee Sermsin , Kosrisirikul Chawawat , Huabkong Matchima , Jereerat Penkhae , Duangkae Somjith , Pisansalhidikam Pornvadee , Tuipae Kraisri
Published: May 2021

Objective: To study the efficacy of pre-incision infiltration of a local anaesthetic drug in postoperative pain following laparoscopic adrenalectomy.

Material and Method: In a randomized placebo controlled study, 52 patients listed for unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy were randomized into 2 groups. Group I (n=26) received subcuticular pre-incision infiltration with 0.5% bupivacaine and group II (n=26) received normal saline as a placebo; all the operations were performed with the same technique by only one experienced laparoscopic urologist. Postoperative pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale at the 4th, 8th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hour postoperatively as primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes were the total postoperative analgesic consumption and time to the first analgesic demand.

Results: The average pain scores were significantly different at the 4th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hour postoperatively (p=0.00, 0.00, 0.001, 0.00), but insignificantly different at the 8th hour (p=0.311). There was no significant difference in nausea/vomiting, bruising score and wound infection (p=0.223, 0.298, 0.313). Postoperative analgesic consumption was significantly lower in the bupivacaine group, but time to the first analgesic demand was not significantly longer in this study.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that pre-incision infiltration of a local anaesthetic drug is highly effective for relief of postoperative pain after laparoscopic adrenalectomy in terms of pain perception and intravenous postoperative analgesic consumption without any effects on nausea/vomiting, bruising, and wound infection.
Avaliação de desempenho, consumo de energia e custo para ambientes baseados em contêineres e máquinas virtuais
Authors: Gonçalves Cleyton Ferreira , Andrade Ermeson , Callou Gustavo , Nogueira Bruno
Published: May 2021

A virtualização oferece melhorias significativas na utilização do recursos dos data centers, reduzindo o desperdício de energia em razão da redução da subutilização de máquinas físicas em operação. No entanto, o fator hypervisor e a (VM) acrescentam uma sobrecarga desnecessária no desempenho geral do sistema operacional hospedeiro, visto que cada instância baseada em VM possui seu próprio sistema operacional. Por outro lado, os contêineres têm se tornado uma alternativa leve e flexível aos ambientes cujas características mandatórias são agilidade e consistência nos processos de migração e replicação de aplicações. Diferentemente das tecnologias tradicionais de virtualização ou paravirtualização, os contêineres não exigem uma camada de emulação ou um hypervisor para serem executados, em vez disso, eles utilizam uma interface no nível do sistema operacional. Essa característica os torna uma tecnologia enxuta, visto que exigem uma sobrecarga limitada e permite que maiores densidades de instâncias sejam executadas no computador hospedeiro. Este artigo observou a utilização de CPUs e os custos da energia consumida por três ambientes experimentais baseados em contêineres Docker e máquinas virtuais do Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM). Os resultados demostraram que os contêineres apresentaram um melhor equilíbrio de aproximadamente 1,82% na utilização na CPU, contra 28,89% da VMs. Além disso, os resultados do consumo de energia e do custo por killowatt-hora dos contêineres foram significativamente menores
Avaliação e remodelagem de um jogo sério para prevenção do abuso sexual infantil
Authors: Fava Alexandre Mendonça , Berkenbrock Carla Diacui Medeiros , Vahldick Adilson
Published: May 2021

Para o ano de 2018, o Disque 100, canal de denúncia oficial do Ministério da Mulher, da Família e dos Direitos Humanos, totalizou 17.093 denúncias de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes. Em resposta a violência infantil, surgiram algumas estratégias baseadas em jogos para a prevenção do abuso sexual contra os menores. Entre os jogos, destaca-se um jogo pela sua abordagem colaborativa no combate à violência sexual infantil no Brasil. O jogo foi avaliado pela presente pesquisa com o intuito de assegurar sua qualidade, tanto em níveis educacionais, quanto em níveis ergonômicos. A análise revelou divergências entre o jogo e recomendações presentes na literatura acerca da criação e modelagem de jogos. Tais divergências serviram como base para a criação de uma nova versão do jogo.  Ao final, ambas as versões foram comparadas por meio da metodologia avaliativa MEEGA. O processo avaliativo realizado constatou uma melhor motivação e experiência dos usuários para nova versão do jogo. Como resultado, essa pesquisa traz um jogo potencialmente promissor para a prevenção da violência sexual infantil.
Deformation, Magmatism, and Sulfide Mineralization in the Archean Golden Mile Fault Zone, Kalgoorlie Gold Camp, Western Australia
Authors: McDivitt Jordan A. , Hagemann Steffen G. , Thébaud Nicolas , Martin Laure A.J. , Rankenburg Kai
Published: May 2021

The Golden Mile fault zone is a key controlling structure to the estimated 75 Moz gold endowment of the Kalgoorlie gold camp in the Yilgarn craton of Western Australia. The earliest structures in the fault are F1 folds that developed during D1 recumbent-fold and thrust deformation (<2685 ± 4 Ma). These F1 folds are overprinted by a pervasive NW- to NNW-striking S2 cleavage related to sinistral shearing beginning with 2680 ± 3 Ma D2a sinistral strike-slip and culminating with ca. 2660 Ma D2c sinistral-reverse movement. The majority of deformation in the fault zone correlates to ca. 2675 Ma D2b deformation, which is characterized by sinistral-normal kinematic indicators. Late, ca. 2650–2640 Ma D3 dextral-reverse kinematic indicators overprint the earlier D2 structures. Pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-pyrite-sphalerite-galena assemblages were emplaced throughout the D2 event within NE-trending D2a tensile fractures, NW- to NNW-striking D2b normal faults and associated breccias, and NW- to NNW-striking D2c low-angle veins, with the latter D2b and D2c structures correlating to the Fimiston and Oroya mineralization types, respectively. All D2a-, D2b-, and D2c-related sulfides in the Golden Mile fault zone show similarly restricted δ34S (~1.0–4.5‰) and elevated Δ33S (~2.0–3.0‰) values that reflect strong local sulfur contribution from shales of the Lower Black Flag Group and host-rock buffering of hydrothermal fluids related to the Fimiston and Oroya mineralization events. This host-rock buffering decreased fluid fO2, favoring the development of pyrrhotite-pyrite stable sulfide assemblages and causing respective decreases and increases in fluid Au-Te and Pb-Bi-Sb concentrations. At the camp scale, the Golden Mile fault zone exerted a primary control on the distribution of porphyry dikes and gold deposits; however, magma and hydrothermal fluid circulation was favored in adjacent, higher-order structural sites due to the fault zone’s incompetent rheology and tendency for ductile deformation and diffuse fluid flow. Other Archean examples such as Au deposits of the Larder Lake-Cadillac deformation zone in the Superior craton illustrate that this type of diffuse fluid flow in large-scale crustal fault zones can result in disseminated economic mineralization. However, this study highlights that host-rock effects on fluid chemistry in large-scale crustal fault zones exercises a strong control on a fluid’s propensity to form ore. The results of this study emphasize that both the rheology and chemistry of rocks within and adjacent to large-scale deformation zones act as important controls on the formation of gold ore in Archean terranes.
Studying the Performance of Cutting Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Using an Abrasive Water Jet Technique
Authors: Hussien Ahmed A. , Qasem Isam , Kataraki Pramodkumar S. , Al-Kouz Wael , Janvekar Ayub Ahmed
Published: May 2021

In recent years, composite materials such as carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) have been widely used in medical devices, industries, marine and aerospace applications due to their high resistance-to-weight ratio toughness, corrosion resistance, and other novel properties. The machining of these composite materials using conventional machines results in poor precision and surface finishing due to excess heat generation at the tool-material contact zone. The drawbacks of the conventional machining process can be overcome with the adoption of a novel cutting technique using pressurized water, which can dissipate the heat generated by the impact of abrasive particles against the material in order to eliminate the poor precision and surface finishing caused by overheating. In this experimental study, the performance of surface quality (roughness and kerf angle) of CFRP machining using an abrasive water jet technique has been studied for a wide range of cutting parameters, such as water pressure and cutting speed.
Anal Fissure – an extensive update
Authors: Salati Sajad Ahmad
Published: May 2021

Anal fissure is one of the most common anorectal diseases resulting from a longitudinal tear in anoderm under the dentate line. It causes painful defecation and bleeding per anum. Most of the fissures heal by conservative means but a significant proportion turns chronic leading to a negative impact upon the overall quality of life of a patient. The treatment options for chronic fissures are generally based on reducing the anal pressures and include non-surgical and surgical options. Lateral internal sphincterotomy still remains the gold standard for definitive management of anal fissure though anal incontinence is a serious complication of the procedure. In recent years, various modifications have evolved to minimize changes of incontinence besides the evolution of wide range of non-surgical options of management.
This review outlines the key points in the clinical presentation, etio-pathogenesis, impact on quality of life and management of anal fissure in the light of the recent updates in literature.