bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial inclusion and improving the incomes of the poor in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors:   University of Yaoundé II-Soa, Cameroon, SEGNING ATADOUANLA Beauclair , FOUOPI DJIOGAP Constant ,   University of Yaoundé II-Soa. Cameroon, DOUANLA MELI Steve ,   University of Yaoundé II-Soa. Cameroon, NGASSEU NOUPIE Elie ,   University of Yaoundé II-Soa. Cameroon
Published: January 2025

Poverty reduction represents a major challenge for all countries and in particular for developing countries. Development actors believe that financial inclusion has a crucial role to play in the fight against poverty (see United Nations Agenda 2030). This work analyzes the impact of financial inclusion on poverty indicators overall in sub-Saharan African countries. We implement this analysis with a poverty model using data from 18 countries in sub-Saharan Africa covering the period 2001–2015. We use the Generalized Moment Method (GMM) which is appropriate to control for country-specific effects and possible endogeneity. Empirical analysis shows that financial inclusion has a beneficial effect on the income of the poor and on the proportion of people living on less than $1.95 per day. These are the Mac Kinnon Driven Effect and the Shaw Intermediation Effect. However, the ability of financial inclusion to improve the income of the poor is a variant dependent on the overall level of development of economies. Therefore, macroeconomic policies should not only focus on promoting financial inclusion, but also must create the overall conditions conducive to innovation and economic development. They must also seek and foster a symbiosis or interaction between financial developments in general, and in particular between financial inclusion and [other] development or poverty reduction programs.
Effect of Official Development Assistance on Economic Growth in the Central African Republic: The Role of the Governance Crisis?
Authors:   University of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic, MBMON NDOUMBA Jean
Published: January 2025

The objective of this article is to examine the impact of the governance crisis on the effectiveness of official development assistance on economic growth in the Central African Republic during the period 1970-2016. Thus, we have estimated an autoregressive model with staggered or distributed lags (ARDL) relating economic growth to the explanatory variables selected, namely official development assistance and the governance crisis. The latter is captured by the Kaufmann corruption indicator. The results obtained indicate that the effectiveness of official development assistance is nullified by corruption in both the short and long term in the Central African Republic. In light of these results, we can suggest that the volume of official development assistance alone is not enough to lead the country on a path of sustainable economic growth; the volume of official assistance must be combined with good management and its orientation in sectors that are vectors of economic development.
Empirical analysis of the matching between two forms of union (Cohabitation-marriage, Monogamy-Polygamy)
Authors:   University of Yaoundé II-Soa, Cameroon, AKWEMANI Sandra , NANFOSSO Roger Tsafack ,   University of Dschang, Cameroon
Published: January 2025

This paper extends the existing literature on matching, taking into account a multitude of factors as opposed to the traditional single factor approach (Jepsen and Jepsen, 2002). It examines the matching mode in Cameroon according to the type of union (monogamous-polygamous on one hand and between cohabitants and married on the other hand). The empirical analysis is based on logistic modelling and data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-V). Four main indicators were used to test the nature of the match: age, education, occupation and income. The results show that married people are more homogeneous in terms of education and occupation than cohabitants, while they are less homogeneous in terms of age and income. In contrast, polygamous marriages are more homogeneous with respect to education, income and occupation and less so with respect to age. The matching here highlights the diversity of behaviour among couples.
On the enumeration of collective choices generating situations "à la maière de Condorcet
Authors:   Université du Littoral-Côte d’Opale, France, RYCKELYNCK Philippe
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the so-called "paradoxical'' configurations arising in elections or collective choice procedures. First, the elections are formalized, on the one hand, by graphs for which we admit different notions of connectivity, but also, on the other hand, by multi-criteria optimization problems associated with different agents to which weights are associated. The search for specific configurations plays an important role for the paradoxes of Condorcet and Borda. The two formalisms are then illustrated by the french presidential election of 2022, for which the agents are chosen as being the departments weighted by the votes cast. To compare our approach to those known in social choice theory, classical or modern probabilistic investigations are presented. Then comes a specifically combinatorial and set-theory based study, not resorting to probabilities, in order to determine certain so-called Condorcet configurations. An original formula is given for listing all these situations when three alternatives are proposed and no abstention occurs.
Challenges and prospects of sub-regional cooperation within the Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries "CEPGL"
Authors:   ISDR Kitsombiro, Congo, MUGHUMALEWA Saoul Ndungo
Published: January 2025

"Nearly Fifty years ago D R Congo, Rwanda and Burundi have set up an interstate agency named “Communauté Economique des Pays des Grands - Lacs, CEPGL”, so as to reinforce common security of the tatter states, economic integration, and facilitation of goods and people movement. Despite this organization, regional cooperation seems puzzling. To this end, the focus of this study is trying to understand, sub - regional cooperation perspectives within “CEPGL”.
In the course of this analysis, it has been revealed that political instability, boarder permeability as well as weak integration level in great lakes regions remain major road – block in this inter – state cooperation motivation. It is relevant to integrate national armies unity of regional army to keep frontier and boost economic activities through the creation of Free Exchange Zone, boarder union in order to ban rights & quotas, common foreign tariff, and market."
Evaluating Intravenous Paracetamol And Dexmedetomidine For Peri-Operative Hemodynamic Stability, Post-Operative Delirium, And Pain In Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Muhammad Junaid  , Hafiz Shahzad Muzammil  , Safdar Ali Khan  , Alam zeb khan  , Umer Iqbal Butt  , Muhammad Tayyeb
Published: January 2025

Objective: In order to manage pain, reduce post-operative delirium, and achieve peri-operative hemodynamic stability in patients having laparoscopic cholecystectomy, this study compared the efficacy of intravenous Paracetamol and Dexmedetomidine.
Study Design: Cross sectional study
Place and Duration of the Study: Study conducted at National Hospital Lahore in 6 months period of time.from March-2024 to Sep- 2024
Methodology: One hundred forty patients slated for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated to receive either Paracetamol (Group P) or Dexmedetomidine (Group D). Hemodynamic measures (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure) were documented at intervals throughout the surgical procedure. Post-operative outcomes, such as the incidence of delirium, onset time, duration, pain scores on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and sedation levels, were evaluated at 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours post-operatively.
Result: lower heart rate and blood pressure were consistently observed at various time intervals, with an HR of 91.25 ± 19.8 bpm compared to 103.12 ± 14.3 bpm (p < 0.05) and lower systolic and diastolic pressures of 114.35 ± 19.1 mmHg against 122.58 ± 17.3 mmHg (p < 0.05). Group D demonstrated improved pain management as evidenced by reduced pain scores on the VAS scale at 4 hours (1.90 ± 1.10 vs. 2.50 ± 1.25, p < 0.05) and 24 hours (1.40 ± 0.48 vs. 1.50 ± 0.92, p < 0.05). Group D had more consistent sedation levels, with lower levels at 4 hours (2.00 ± 0.60 vs. 2.20 ± 0.75) and 24 hours (1.80 ± 0.30 vs. 2.00 ± 0.45). Group D had a considerably lower rate of post-operative delirium (7% vs. 21%, p = 0.02), started later (15 ± 4 hours vs. 12 ± 3 hours, p = 0.04) and lasted shorter (4 ± 1 hours vs. 6 ± 2 hours, p = 0.01). In terms of post-operative pain management, sedation, and delirium reduction, Dexmedetomidine demonstrated superior efficacy, suggesting its potential benefits in this area of treatment.
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine (Group D) demonstrates superior efficacy compared to Paracetamol (Group P) in regulating vital signs, alleviating pain, and achieving sedation in post-operative management following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, pain, Hemodynamic Stability, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Delirium
Nalbuphine Verses Midazolam On Hemodynamic Response To Laryngoscopy And Tracheal Intubation In Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
Authors: Muhammad Shahab  , Chanda Naseem  , Mehmood Ali  , Fazal Haq  , Taimur Riaz Ullah  , Muhammad Tayyeb
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study sought to compare the haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation between Nalbuphine and Midazolam to assess their efficacy and safety in clinical practice.
Study Design: A Randomized Control Trial (RCT)
Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Anesthesia at Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Lahore and duration of the study was six months from jan 2024 to june 2024
Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled experiment Trial was performed at Department of Anesthesia Faculty of Allied Health Sciences involving 168 people, evenly split into two groups: Group N (Nalbuphine, n=84) and Group M (Midazolam, n=84). The inclusion criteria were patients aged 20 to 60 years, classified as ASA I or II, who were scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Participants received either Nalbuphine or Midazolam preoperatively, and hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and SPO₂) were assessed at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 minutes following intubation. Statistical analyses encompassed t-tests for group comparisons and regression analysis to ascertain drivers of mean arterial pressure.
Results: The trial comprised 168 subjects, equally allocated to Group N (Nalbuphine) and Group M (Midazolam), with no statistically significant differences in demographic factors including age (p = 0.482), gender (p = 0.742), weight (p = 0.632), or surgical time (p = 0.601). Initially, hemodynamic parameters were comparable; however, post-induction, substantial differences emerged, with Group N demonstrating reduced heart rate (p = 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.000), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.000), and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.000) at all time points. Regression analysis revealed significant predictors of mean arterial pressure (MAP), including heart rate (β = 0.45, p = 0.000), systolic blood pressure (BP) (β = 0.32, p = 0.001), and diastolic BP (β = 0.56, p = 0.000). Conversely, group membership exhibited a significant negative correlation (β = -5.25, p = 0.000), indicating a preference for Nalbuphine in achieving enhanced hemodynamic stability.
Conclusion: The study determined that Nalbuphine offered superior hemodynamic stability relative to Midazolam during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Nalbuphine was correlated with markedly reduced heart rate, blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure at all measured intervals.
Keywords: Nalbuphine, Midazolam, laryngoscopy, tracheal intubation, laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Deviance from First Line Therapy for Hypertension Among Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Huzaifa Saleem  , Muhammad Shahan shahid  , Zia Ullah  , Bilal Ahmar  , Anwar Khan Wazir
Published: January 2025

Objective: To find out the degree of deviation from standard first line therapy treatment for hypertensive patients in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
Study Design: A Cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera, KP Pakistan from 16 January  2024 to 18 June 2024
Materials and Method: Convenience sampling method was used and all patients Fulfilling the criteria were included.  SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data.
Results:30 patients were enrolled, all having Secondary hypertension. 50%(n=15) were prescribed Furosemide. 16.7%(n=5) were prescribed K+ Sparing diuretics. 20%(n=6) were prescribed Angiotensin receptor blocker. 3.3%(n=1) was prescribed thiazide diuretics. 26.7%(n=8) were prescribed Beta blocker. 3.3%(n=1) was prescribed Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i). 40%(n=12) were prescribed Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. 26.7(n=8) were prescribed Calcium channel blocker.
Conclusion :In 46.6% of the patients, the WHO first line therapy guidelines were followed, while in 53.3% of the patients they were not followed.
Keywords: First line therapy of Hypertension, American Heart Association Hypertension classification, Pathophysiology of hypertension.
Diagnostic Accuracy Of Computed Tomography For Diagnosis Of Bladder Carcinoma Taking Histopathlogy As Gold Standard
Authors: Abdul Rehman  , Muhammad Atif Ali  , Farzana Rahim  , Sajida Ghilzai  , Nazia Khan  , Atiqa Hassan
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Its objective was to assess the performance of CT in diagnosing bladder carcinoma and comparing it with the gold standard – histopathology and to assess the interobserver variability of CT for early detection and staging of the disease.
Study design: A cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: From January 2023 to June 2023 Diagnostic Radiology Department Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta/ Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta.
Methods: The participants for this cross-sectional analysis consisted of 150 patients with clinically suspected bladder carcinoma who had undergone CT scan and transurethral resection of the bladder biopsy. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were computed. Descriptive analysis was conducted and p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance, results presented by SD.
Results: In 150 patients, CT succeeded in diagnosing bladder carcinoma in 120 cases. 120 histopathological examination showed positive cases according to WHO criteria. The sensitivity of CT was 92.3% and specificity 85%. The coefficient of variation between CT and histopathology in the identification of tumor size was ±0.5 cm. As for diagnostic accuracy, the resulting p-value of 0.03 permits to conclude about the statistical significance of correlations between CT and histopathological findings.
Conclusions: Compared to enhanced CT, CT scanning shows great diagnostic efficacy and can be envisaged as a valuable noninvasive diagnostic method for bladder carcinoma, although histopathological examination is indispensable for the definitive diagnosis of the disease. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is especially advantageous in what concerns conducing initial screening, and assessment of the tumor’s stage before operation.
Keywords: Bladder carcinoma, CT imaging, histopathology diagnosis and accuracy
Outcomes Of Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Retrospective Analysis Of Ct Imaging And Surgical Interventions
Authors: Mahmud Aurangzeb  , Athar Badshah  , Khalid Siddique  , Saqib Qayyum  , Muhammad Ismail  , Laila Hazrat
Published: January 2025

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms are a severe vascular disease that is mainly asymptomatic until rupture occurs. CT imaging is therefore very important in evaluating Abdominal aortic aneurysm and in helping in the surgical management of the condition. Knowledge of outcomes of patients traced by imaging and also management strategies based on the treatment approaches leads to low mortality among the affected patients.
Objectives: The goal of this work is to analyze the results of the Abdominal aortic aneurysm  patients through CT image data, as well as to investigate how surgical treatment can potentially influence patients’ life expectancy and job recovery.
Study design: A cross-sectional study
Duration and Place of Study: Department Of Vascular Surgery KTH hospital Peshawar from jan 2024 to June 2024 
Methods: The case series involves a review of 150 patients with Abdominal aortic aneurysm between the years 2013 to 2023. Demographics, CT imaging characteristics of the aneurysm (size, location), surgery type (open repair, endovascular aneurysm repair), and postoperative results were analyzed. Mean and standard deviation to describe the two groups’ success rates of the intervention were calculated with p-value to test the results for significance.
Results: Thus, endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was performed in 95 patients, while open surgical repair in 55 patients out of 150 total patients. The aneurysmal diameter was mean 5.6 ± 1.2 cm in the patient population of this study The survival prediction after surgical interventions was significantly better in the EVAR group, p = 0.04. The overall complication rate was 12% with a corresponding standard deviation of 1.5%. Subsequent imaging revealed that in 87% of patients the status remained unchanged within 12 months.
Conclusions: CT imaging is an essential modality in evaluating and assessing Abdominal aortic aneurysm ; surgery, including EVAR, has relatively low rates of failure, morbidity, and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and intervention have a directly proportional relationship with the eventual outcome of the disease.
Keywords: abdominal aortic aneurysm, computed tomography, operative, endovascular repair
The Impact Of Ketamine On Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting, And Cognitive Dysfunction In Diabetic Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Amna Saleem  , Hafiz Shahzad Muzammil  , Aziz Ur Rehman  , Maidah Mehtab  , Nadia Bibi  , Muhammad Tayyeb
Published: January 2025

Background: This study sought to discover factors impacting the prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postoperative delirium (PONV), which are common sequelae in diabetic patients after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Objectives: To evaluate factors influencing postoperative nausea, vomiting, and delirium in diabetic patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Study Design: A Cross-sectional Study.
Place and Duration of Study:  Department of anesthesia Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Lahore from Jan 2024 to July 2024.
Methodology: Six hundred and thirty-three diabetic individuals who were going to have elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were part of the cross-sectional study. At 2,4,6, and 8 hours post-op, patients were evaluated for delirium using the RASS and the CAM-ICU, two instruments developed for use in the intensive care unit. Patients' body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, the length of the operation, fasting blood sugar, and assessments of liver and kidney function were among the demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables examined. Patients also reported vomiting and nausea after surgery.
Results: The rate of delirium declined gradually over the post-operative period, from 18.4% (n=30) at 2 hours to 15.3% (n=25) at 4 hours, 12.3% (n=20) at 6 hours, and 9.2% (n=15) at 8 hours. According to the data, there was no significant association between delirium and gender, age, occupation, or duration of diabetes (p > 0.05). Patients who were overweight or obese had an increased risk of delirium, albeit there was no statistically significant relationship between BMI and delirium (p = 0.04). Also, reduced rates of delirium were associated with HbA1c levels less than 6.5% (p = 0.03) and operation length less than 1 hour (p = 0.02). Patients were more likely to experience postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) if they had type II diabetes (p = 0.005), hemoglobin A1c levels greater than 7.5% (p = 0.04), or if the procedure lasted between one and two hours (p = 0.03). Additionally, PONV was significantly predicted by significantly abnormal liver function tests (p = 0.04) and increased fasting blood sugar levels (p = 0.02) greater than 180 mg/dL. Delirium and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were both independently risked for by obesity (OR1.75, p =0.04), Type II diabetes (OR2.25, p =0.005), a lengthy duration of surgery (OR1.8, p =0.03), and high fasting blood sugar (OR2.1, p =0.02).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the study discovered that delirium became much less common with time; at 2 hours after surgery, the incidence was 18.4%; at 8 hours, it had dropped to 9.2%. Potential risk factors for postoperative delirium include obesity, increased HbA1c levels, and a lengthy duration of the operation.
Keyword: ketamine, postoperative nausea, vomiting, cognitive dysfunction patients laparoscopic
Clinical Profile And Treatment Outcomes Of Retinoblastoma Experience From A Low-Income Country
Authors: Ayesha Latif  , Hafiz Abdul Qaddus  , Iqra Tariq  , Benish Hira  , Fozia Syed Rasool  , Shakeel Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in children representing 3% of all pediatric malignancies. Retinoblastoma affects very young children: two-thirds of the cases are diagnosed before 2 years of age and more than 90% before 5 years.
Material and Methods: This Study was conducted retrospectively at the Paediatric Oncology Department of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (released 2017, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for statistical analysis. The descriptive analysis calculated frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and the median (IQR) was for continuous variables. The chi-square test was used to associate age with RB characteristics in univariate analysis. P-values of <0.05 were considered significant.
Results: From November 1, 2016, to February 29, 2024, 96 patients admitted to the pediatric oncology department of CMH Rawalpindi were included in the study. The median age at presentation was 24 months. The most common presenting symptom was leukocoria in 67(69.8%), strabismus in 9 (9.4%), vision loss in 11 (11.5%), and proptosis in 9(9.4%). Extraocular disease was present in 24(25%). The grouping of Intraocular disease based on IIRC showed stage E as predominant with n=80(84%). Metastatic disease was present in 18(18.8%). Enucleation was done in 73(76.0%). With a median follow-up of 71 months, 19 patients died. Kaplan Meier's Survival showed an Overall survival of 83%.
Conclusion: Raising awareness and implementing screening for retinoblastoma are essential for diagnosing the disease at an intraocular stage, which can significantly improve survival rates in developing countries.
Keywords: malignancy, pediatric malignancies, Paediatric Oncology, Combined Military Hospital
Mentzer Index As Ascreening Toot For Iron Deficiency Anemia In 6 To 12 Years Old Children
Authors: Auruba Manshah  , Alia Halim  , Qurat-ul-ain
Published: January 2025

Objectives: to determine the diagnostic accuracy of mentzer index as a screening tool for iron deficiency anemia in 6 to 12 years old children taking serum ferritin as gold standard.
Study Design: A Cross Sectional Study.
Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Pediatrics PAF Hospital Islamabad from 22-Aug-2024 to 22-Dec 2024
Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was done on 150 children, 6-12 years of age, who were clinically suspected to have anemia. Blood examination including complete blood count was done for each patient and Mentzer index was determined. The children with index > 13 were tested for IDA based on serum ferritin level while those with < 13 were also tested for thalassemia. Data analysis comprised of getting average, standard deviation and also the probability value (p-value).
Results: Among 150 children, ascertainment of IDA could be made in 95 children based on Mentzer Index >13. The mean Mentzer Index were 14. 2 ± 1. 5 among their patients while among the thalassemia patients the mean index were 11. 6 ± 1. 2. The difference was also found to be significant at p < 0. 05. The accuracy of Mentzer Index in identifying IDA was 87% with sensitivity of 88% specificity of 85%.
Conclusions: Mentzer index is a cheap and effective method of screening for iron deficiency anemia in children. It accurately distinguishes IDA from thalassemia so as to ensure early diagnosis and management in LMICs.
Keywords: Iron deficiency, Anemia, Mentzer Index, children
The Prevalence Of Covid-19 In High-Risk District Of Kpk, Mardan, Pakistan
Authors: Haider Ali Khan  , Mehran Ullah  , Mehreen Ghufran  , Muhammad Siddiq  , Said Kachkol Khan , Muhammad Mussadiq Gul
Published: January 2025

Objectives: to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 and to find out the prevalence of COVID-19 positive individuals with full-vaccination, partial-vaccination and those who were non-vaccinated individuals in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Study Design: This  Multi-Center and retrospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 in children, adults and aged old individuals using RT-PCR as a method of detection.
Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pathology at Mardan Medical Complex from August 1st, 2021 to August 31st 2021.
Methodology: A random sample was taken from the population as well as all suspected persons who were admitted to various isolation wards and quarantine centres throughout District Mardan to be tested. The real-time RT-PCR tests were performed for testing the COVID-19 samples. The statistical analysis was performed with a 5% significance level.
Results: A total of 2960 samples were collected. Among all the samples, 1536 individuals were male while females were 1424. The ages of the participants ranged from 0 to 80 years, with the average age being 40 years. The patients' median age was discovered to be 40.66 years. The youngest patient was only 1.5 months old, and the oldest patient was 80 years old. Males were particularly affected when compared to females. The RT-PCR tests were performed for testing the COVID-19 samples. The overall prevalence in Mardan was found 10.03 % (297 out of 2960), in which 161 out of 1536 (10.48%) were males positive cases and 136 out of 1424 (9.55%) were female positive COVID-19 cases whereas 2663 out of 2960 (89.96%) were reported as negative COVID-19 cases.
Conclusions: The prevalence of COVID-19 in the Mardan district is extremely high, necessitating the implementation of WHO-recommended SOPs to control the spread of COVID-19.
Keywords: Sars-Corona virus-2, COVID-19, Prevalence, RT-PCR, Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 28 (SPSSv28), Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Acute Coronary Syndrome (Acs) Risk Factors And Its Manifestations In Young Patients: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Abid Ullah Shah  , Chanda Naseem  , Naseer Ahmed  , Syed Tahir Shah
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To determine the conventional and non-conventional ACS risk factors in young patients, their associations, and to determine the various manifestations of ACS in young patients.
Study Design: A Multi Center Cross Sectional Study.
Place and Duration of Study. Tertiary care hospitals of KPK from May to Oct 2024.
Materials and Methods: This multicenter study was conducted over six months. A total of 139 young acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients of both genders were included using convenience sampling, while acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina resulting from graft blockage, coronary aneurysms, congenital heart diseases, and severe co-morbid conditions were excluded. After ethical approval, data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS and Excel.
Results: The majority (64%) were male and the mean age was 39.69+4.40. Chest pain (87.8%) and anterior MI (27%) were common. STEMI was identified in the majority (46%) and more in males. Hypertension, family history, and dyslipidemia were common. Conventional risk factors were more prevalent in males, STEMI, and in the 36-40 years age range, while chest radiation exposure was found higher (57.9%) in females, and diabetes among NSTEMI and 41-45 age group patients. Urea and ESR had a significant impact on STEMI, while RBS and ESR on NSTEMI. Mild PAH and mild LV systolic dysfunction were common and mean EF (%) was lower in NSTEMI ACS.
Conclusion: STEMI was a common ACS manifestation and hypertension was most prevalent. Smoking and radiation exposure were significantly associated with gender, while urea, and ESR significantly impact ACS manifestations. Mean EF was significantly different among ACS types. Nevertheless, early recognition of risk factors and proper management can prevent ACS progression.
Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, STEMI, NSTEMI, Risk factors, Young
Frequency Of Cardiogenic Shock In Patients With Stemi At Peshawar Institute Of Cardiology
Authors: Nazia Waheed  , Murad Ali  , Shah Sawar Khan  , Hasan Zeb  , Mina Ibrahim  , Imadullah Khan
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the frequency of cardiogenic shock in patients with STEMI at Peshawar Institute of Cardiology-MTI. 
 Study Design: A Descriptive Study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology-MTI from 12 Oct 2022 to 12 Apr 2023.
 Methodology: Patients admitted at the CCU of our hospital and meeting our inclusion criteria were enrolled. However, prior to the conduct of study, written informed consent forms was obtained from their attendants and they were thoroughly briefed about the research nature of this study. Demographic data was recorded, and selected patients were closely monitored. Incidence of cardiogenic shock was noted as per operational definition. 
 Results: As per frequencies and percentages for cardiogenic shock, 14(6.8%) patients had cardiogenic shock. 
 Conclusion:  This study demonstrated that the incidence of cardiogenic shock was low (6.8%) in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction and therefore, it is treatable illness with a reasonable chance for full recovery.
 Keywords: Cardiogenic Shock, St Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), Primary Cardiac Disorder
UMA TEORIA UNIFICADA DA FÍSICA: A INTERCONEXÃO ENTRE MASSA, ENERGIA, ENTROPIA E TEMPO COMO FUNDAMENTO PARA A REFORMULAÇÃO DA GRAVIDADE, DO CAMPO ELETROMAGNÉTICO E DAS INTERAÇÕES DAS PARTÍCULAS NA MECÂNICA QUÂNTICA
Authors: Pimenta Renata Gomes Pimentel
Published: January 2025

This scientific article explores the unification between the relationships between particles, in Quantum Mechanics, and large bodies, in the Theory of Relativity, as a conceptual path to reformulate the concepts of gravity and time, contributing to the development of a Theory of Everything. The proposal investigated six hypotheses for the results of experiments previously carried out by scientists, physicists and scholars, but which marked the history of Physics and Chemistry and which gave rise to current concepts about gravity, the electromagnetic field and interactions between particles in Quantum Mechanics. The hypotheses focused on commutability in the relationship between mass and energy, the dynamics of Time, the relationship between Gravity and the Ultraviolet Catastrophe, the relationship between Gravity and Time, the relationship between Time and the Atomic Model of Orbitals and the relationship between Time and the Electromagnetic Field of magnets. The methodology combined a theoretical review of the experiments, considering the conditions under which the experiment was carried out and the results found, and reanalysis of the results based on the relationship between entropy and time, providing a conceptual basis for the unification between Quantum Mechanics and the Theory of Relativity, through the prism of the foundation found between Time and Entropy. The results aim not only to validate the proposed hypotheses, but also to advance the understanding of fundamental concepts in physics, offering support for the construction of a broader theoretical structure, essential for the formulation of a Theory of Everything.
A ATUAÇÃO DA ENFERMAGEM NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO PRECOCE DAS COMPLICAÇÕES EM PACIENTES COM DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA (DRC): ESTRATÉGIAS PARA UMA ASSISTÊNCIA INTEGRAL
Authors: Gadelha Geraldo Gilberto Raikkoner Silva , Souza Érica da Silva , Rocha Francisca Roosllane Lima , Jorge Antonio Rafael Coelho
Published: January 2025

A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é caracterizada pela redução progressiva da função renal e representa um grave problema de saúde pública. Neste contexto, o enfermeiro desempenha um papel crucial como educador e agente preventivo, realizando diagnósticos e prescrições de enfermagem para prevenir o surgimento de complicações, enquanto o técnico de enfermagem contribui na implementação dos cuidados. Este estudo pretende identificar as principais complicações associadas à insuficiência renal e analisar como a enfermagem pode atuar preventivamente nesse cenário e no cuidado desses pacientes. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com análise qualitativa. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), utilizando os seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) “Enfermagem”, “Autogestão” e “Hemodiálise” com a combinação dos operadores booleanos AND e OR. Também foi executada uma coleta em outra base de dados, a PubMed, através dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde “Nursing” e “Renal Insufficiency”, com o uso do operador booleano AND, resultando na coleta de 33 artigos científicos, provenientes das bases de dados utilizadas. Foi identificado que o uso do Processo de Enfermagem (PE) permite a identificação precoce de complicações, como sobrecarga hídrica, também concede a aplicação de cuidados específicos, como técnicas de assepsia para prevenir infecções, avaliação das fístulas e proteção de cateteres. Essas práticas realizadas pela enfermagem promovem segurança e qualidade de vida, mas enfrentam desafios, como equipes insuficientes e falta de apoio gerencial. Conclui-se que a enfermagem é essencial no manejo de pacientes renais, possibilitando assistência individualizada e prevenindo complicações recorrentes, como Hipotensão Intradialítica (HID), hipoglicemia e sangramentos, através do Processo de Enfermagem e de protocolos específicos.
O IMPACTO DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL NA CICATRIZAÇÃO DE FERIDA OPERATÓRIA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Cunha Fernanda Arruda , Ghannoum Amira Martins , Xavier Gabriel de Almeida , Xavier Juliana de Almeida , Reis Lua Cristine Siqueira
Published: January 2025

Surgical intervention stimulates an inflammatory response in the skin, which generates the healing process and subsequently the restructuring of injured tissues. The aim of this study is to identify the nutraceuticals that influence the healing of surgical wounds, analyzing the most important ones for skin repair. This is a literature review, whose survey was conducted in scientific databases on the subject, using the descriptors: supplementation, surgical wound, healing, nutrients in combination. The main nutrients addressed are: amino acids (glutamine and arginine), omega 3 fatty acid, vitamins A, C, zinc, turmeric (curcumin) and collagen peptides. Thus, a good nutritional state results in tissue regeneration and positive outcomes. The literature review ratified the importance of nutrients for postoperative tissue regeneration and immune response, however, further studies are needed in order to detail the mechanisms and optimal dosages.
COBERTURA VACINAL NA REGIÃO NORDESTE NO PERÍODO PRÉ E PANDÊMICO ENTRE DOS ANOS DE 2018 A 2022: UM ESTUDO DESCRITIVO
Authors: Peres Kalyna Alves , Silva Francisco Laurindo da , Mendes Alice Lima Rosa , Melo Suely Moura , Cantinho Klégea Maria Câncio Ramos , Costa Jandson Vieira , Giarola Danilo Antonio , Silva Laura Ravena Veloso , Borges Andressa Mayara Bastos Abreu , Rodrigues Augusto César Evelin
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to analyze vaccination coverage in the northeast region in the pre- and pandemic period between the years 2018 to 2022. This work was configured as an epidemiological and retrospective, descriptive study, analyzing secondary data, obtained from the Health Information System for Primary Care - SISAB and data collected from the National Health Survey (PNS) and Unified Health System (DATASUS). Thus, vaccination coverage in the northeast region decreased in the years 2019, 2020 and 2021, with 2021 having the lowest vaccination coverage, with 35.33% coverage in the region. In 2018, when all the states of the northeast were analyzed, the state of Sergipe had the highest vaccination coverage, reaching 100% coverage. Regarding the proportion of 1-year-old children vaccinated in PHC against Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B, infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b and inactive Poliomyelitis, it was found that in 2018, Maceió, Salvador, Fortaleza, São Luís and Natal reached 100% vaccination coverage, while other capitals had varied rates. In 2022, there was a significant drop in all northeastern states. In addition, it was possible to observe that the highest hepatitis B vaccination coverage in the northeast region was in 2018, which reached 89.52% of vaccination coverage. It is expected that the study will assist policies to combat vaccination coverage in the northeast region, in addition to contributing to the literature and medical sciences in a broad way.
Keywords: Immunization Schedule; Collective Immunity; Hepatitis B vaccine.
LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS: IMPACTOS NA RELAÇÃO DE CONSUMO E ADEQUAÇÕES NAS PLATAFORMAS DE VENDAS A LGPD
Authors: Correia Jefferson Donovan , Meyer Henrique
Published: January 2025

Consumer relations are reflections of the evolution of society, together with the increase in technology, the various legal institutes relating to consumer law, supplier's civil liability, basic consumer rights, contractual principles, among other applicable legal precepts, are increasingly expanding the consumption relationship. The General Data Protection Law (Law 13.709/2018) induces a new regulation of suppliers of products and services and adaptation to the protection of personal data, respect for privacy, inviolability of the honor and image of consumers. The legislation came into force in August 2021, requiring reflections and studies on the effects on sales platforms.

In this way, understanding the evolution of the concept of consumer relationship is essential in order to reflect on the need to apply procedures related to the evolution of legal institutes.

The evolution of the various customer service platforms for the sale of products and services can be seen through the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a rapid growth, which translates into changes in consumption habits, due to the need to continue to satisfy the consumer needs even with the closing of physical stores and face-to-face service.

Therefore, in addition to substantially changing the way in which goods and products are acquired, the new legislation changed and brought new guidelines and legal obligations to suppliers in the treatment of personal data.

Following this line of reasoning, a bibliographic survey regarding the evolution of the consumption relationship and the influences for sales platforms is necessary.
COMPROMETIMENTO EXTENSO DO FÍGADO POR ADENOMAS HEPATOCELULARES EM TRÊS IRMÃOS PORTADORES DE GLICOGENOSE TIPO I
Authors: Souza Bruna Silva , Oliveira João Marcos da Costa , Amorim Iago Fernando Alencar , Lazaro Tiago dos Santos Gutierrez , Bredt Luis Cesar
Published: January 2025

Neste trabalho apresentamos o relato de três irmãos com diagnóstico de adenomas hepatocelulares com extenso comprometimento hepático e outras características fenotípicas da glicogenose tipo I (GSDI), uma síndrome metabólica hereditária rara caracterizada por deficiência da enzima glicose-6-fosfatase (G-6-Pase). Os casos descritos incluem duas pacientes do sexo feminino (19 e 23 anos) e um paciente do sexo masculino (29 anos), que apresentavam “fascies de boneca”, baixa estatura, dislipidemia, hepatomegalia, esteatose hepática e múltiplos adenomas hepáticos. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à tratamento cirúrgico dos adenomas com ressecção hepática complexa. Duas pacientes apresentaram evolução pós-operatória satisfatória, sendo que o paciente masculino evoluiu com acidose lática refratária e óbito. Este estudo destaca a existência de uma variabilidade fenotipica da GSDI, reforçando a complexidade do diagnóstico, e importância da detecção precoce e manejo multidisciplinar da doença, especialmente frente ao risco de malignização dos adenomas e complicações metabólicas. Conclui-se que a detecção precoce e o manejo multidisciplinar individualizado são essenciais para prevenir complicações e melhorar o prognóstico dos portadores de glicogenose tipo I.
A RELAÇÃO DA HISTERIA COM OS ROMPIMENTOS EMOCIONAIS: UMA ANÁLISE PSICANALÍTICA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Almeida Lohayne Bispo de
Published: January 2025

Para o indivíduo histérico é inaceitável se colocar no papel de desejante, visto que seu modus operandi é transmitir que a falta se encontra no outro e não em si. Quando um rompimento de laço se dá pelo outro, o histérico é colocado em um papel que não o cabe, levando-o assim a um cenário que é de seu desagrado verdadeiro e não mais de um prazer-desprazer, que seria o seu habitual, causado por ele mesmo. Se faz necessário analisar como é feita essa elaboração de mudança de papeis na vida do histérico, como ele reage quando retirado pelo outro da função de objeto de desejo e não se retirando para manter seu desejo insatisfeito.
ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS E TERAPÊUTICOS DA ASMA: UMA REVISÃO CRÍTICA DA LITERATURA CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Silva Jean Karllos Oliveira da , Sousa Rafael Meireles Leão , Souza Ramon Cordeiro de , Lopes Rodrigo Ferreira , Silva Júnior Valdir Alves da , Tourinho Luciano de Oliveira Souza
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory disease that presents significant challenges in early diagnosis and proper management, directly impacting the quality of life of patients.Objectives: This study aims to conduct a critical review of the scientific literature on the clinical and therapeutic aspects of asthma, focusing on recent advances in treatment options, including conventional and emerging therapies, such as biological therapies.Justification: The rationale for this research lies in the social, academic, and scientific impact of asthma, which represents a public health issue with significant consequences for patients and healthcare systems due to the number of hospitalizations and treatments required.Methodology: This is a systematic review of the literature, based on articles published between 2020 and 2024 in the PubMed and SciELO databases.Results and Discussion: The results indicated that, in addition to traditional treatments, emerging therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies and respiratory physiotherapy, have proven effective in controlling exacerbations and improving patients’ quality of life. The study also discussed the barriers to treatment adherence, particularly in resource-limited countries.Conclusion: In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of personalized therapeutic approaches and the control of emotional and environmental factors in asthma management, aiming to improve disease control and reduce exacerbations.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO USO DE EPI NA PREVENÇÃO DE ACIDENTES E RISCOS INTRÍNSECOS NA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL
Authors: Araujo Anttonelle de Sousa , Paula Sheila Morais de Oliveira de , Reis Angelo Antônio
Published: January 2025

This article’s theme is the importance of using epi in preventing accidents, as it analyzes and understands the importance of personal protective equipment to mitigate risks to the health of employees, considering its effectiveness in preventing accidents at work. The objective of this work is to highlight safety at work and raise awareness among employers and employees about the importance of using personal protective equipment. And for this, a bibliographical research was used as a method, during which several renowned authors were consulted on the subject, who finally emphasize the use of protective equipment in some work environments due to its effectiveness in preventing accidents, mainly in accidents prevention. at the. work protection due to certain risks that arise depending on working conditions, without adequate protection, which is one of the main aggravating factors of this type of event.
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Bagian Perjalanan SETJEN DPR-RI
Authors: Novitasari Sella , Amas Lahat Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Kinerja karyawan merupakan aspek yang menjadi sangat signifikan pada suatu perusahaan maupun instansi. Motivasi kerja dan Disiplin kerja memiliki peran penting untuk menentukan kinerja yang optimal. Tujuan adanya penelitian ini untuk menilai ada atau tidaknya motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan di Bagian Perjalanan SETJEN DPR-RI. Riset ini mempergunakan metode kuantitatif dan mempergunakan model regresi linear berganda. Populasi dan sampel yaitu 35 orang melibatkan seluruh karyawan Bagian Perjalanan SETJEN DPR-RI. Teknik pemilihan sampel yang dipergunakan yaitu nonprobability sampling dengan menggunakan metode sampling jenuh. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa motivasi kerja secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sebesar 12,8% pada kinerja karyawan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,004 < 0,05, sedangkan disiplin kerja secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sebesar 50,6% pada kinerja karyawan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 Motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja secara simultan juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sebesar 61,2% pada kinerja karyawan, dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 dan uji determinasi simultan menunjukkan nilai Adjusted R square sebesar 0,612. Sebagai hasilnya, motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan sebesar 61,2%, sementara sisanya dipengaruhi variabel lain.
 
Employee performance is an aspect that becomes very significant in a company or agency. Work motivation and work discipline have an important role in determining optimal performance. The purpose of this study is to assess whether or not work motivation and work discipline affect employee performance in the Travel Section of the DPR-RI Secretariat General. This research utilizes quantitative methods and uses multiple linear regression models. The population and sample of 35 people involved all employees of the Travel Section of the DPR-RI Secretariat General. The sample selection technique used was nonprobability sampling using the saturated sampling method. The results showed that work motivation partially had a positive and significant effect of 12.8% on employee performance with a significance value of 0.004 < 0.05, while work discipline partially had a positive and significant effect of 50.6% on employee performance with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 Work motivation and work discipline simultaneously also had a positive and significant effect of 61.2% on employee performance, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and the simultaneous determination test showed an Adjusted R square value of 0.612. As a result, work motivation and work discipline together affect employee performance by 61.2%, while the rest is influenced by other variables.