bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ein etabliertes Projekt zur digitalisierten Fortsetzung der Behandlung
Authors: Hein Achim
Published: January 2019

Vor 20 Jahren begann der Autor, sich dem Thema eHealth und Telemedizin zu widmen. Streicht man aus der Summe der gemachten Erfahrungen diejenigen Erkenntnisse, die man anderen ersparen will, so kristallisiert sich eine Essenz an Prinzipien heraus, welche Behandlungsangebote „digital“ beachten sollten und nach Ansicht des Autors müssen: den Erhalt der Behandlungsleistung als solche und die Abgrenzung zur reinen Technologieverwendung. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Kernaussagen dargestellt, diskutiert und an Erfahrungen gespiegelt sowie die Möglichkeiten für Schlafmedizin und COPD dargestellt.
Telemonitoring bei schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen
Authors: Blau Alexander , Veauthier Christian
Published: January 2019

Telemonitoring kann bei Patienten ohne wesentliche Begleiterkrankungen zur Diagnostik einer obstruktiven Schlafapnoe eingesetzt werden sowie zur Einleitung einer CPAP-Therapie und zur CPAP-Kontrolle. Der Vorteil des Telemonitoring im Vergleich zur konventionellen Behandlung im Schlaflabor besteht in der raschen Verfügbarkeit, da die Untersuchung zu Hause erfolgt, sowie im geringeren Ressourcen-Verbrauch. Darüber hinaus kann Telemonitoring zu einer Steigerung der nächtlichen Nutzungsdauer und besseren CPAP-Adhärenz führen. Patienten mit nicht eindeutiger Symptomatik, nicht eindeutigen Befunden oder weiteren Erkrankungen sowie mit V.a. Hypoventilations-Syndromen bedürfen einer Untersuchung und ggf. Behandlung im Schlaflabor.
Telemedizinische Aspekte für motorische Störungen im Schlaf
Authors: Young Peter
Published: January 2019

Die Detektion von periodischen Beinbewegungen oder anderen motorischen Störungen im Schlaf ist eine klinisch relevante Diagnostik. Aufgrund der aufwändigen Polysomnografie-Diagnostik, die personal- und auch ressourcenintensiv ist, wären besser validierte, insbesondere auch ambulant anwendbare Maßnahmen sehr hilfreich. Zur Akzelerometrie bei periodischen Beinbewegungen im Schlaf mittels Aktimetrie gibt es erste Untersuchungen, ebenso wie eine Untersuchung dazu, in welchem Ausmaß das Mobiltelefon als diagnostische Aktimetrie verwendet werden kann. Alle Untersuchungen zeigten, dass es möglich ist, periodische Beinbewegungen im Schlaf entsprechend der diagnostischen Kriterien der International Classification of Sleep Medicine und der American Association of Sleep Medicine so zu erfassen. Die diagnostische und besonders die therapeutische Wertigkeit dieser Methoden ist bislang jedoch noch nicht strukturiert in ausreichend großen Studien untersucht.
Telemedizin in der Therapie von Ein- und Durchschlafstörungen
Authors: Frase Lukas , Spiegelhalder Kai
Published: January 2019

Chronische Schwierigkeiten, ein- oder durchzuschlafen, stellen ein häufiges und hochrelevantes gesundheitliches Problem dar. Der Goldstandard in der Behandlung ist die Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie für Insomnien. Da diese meist durch langjährig ausgebildete Psychotherapeuten durchgeführt wird, besteht ein großes Problem in der Verfügbarkeit der Behandlung. Um hier eine bessere Versorgung der vielen betroffenen, aber schlecht oder gar nicht behandelten Patienten zu erreichen, ist die Entwicklung telemedizinischer Behandlungsverfahren von großer Bedeutung. In den letzten Jahren wurden von mehreren unabhängigen Arbeitsgruppen erfolgreich Studien veröffentlicht, wie eine internetbasierte, teils vollständig therapeutenunabhängige und automatisierte Behandlung funktionieren kann und für welche Patienten sie geeignet ist.
Serotonerge Modulation der Schmerzwahrnehmung
Authors: Meier T. , Abler B.
Published: January 2019

Gegenstand und Ziel: Chronische Schmerzen sind ein häufiges Krankheitssymptom und führen zu erheblichen Einschränkungen der Alltagsfunktionalität. Für erfolgreiche therapeutische Ansätze erscheint ein profundes Verständnis insbesondere der pathophysiologischen Mechanismen im zentralen Nerven-system wertvoll. Neben dem seit langem im Zentrum der Forschung stehenden Opioidsystem rückt zunehmend das monoaminerge System in den Vordergrund. Material und Methoden: Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst ausgewählte Forschungsergebnisse zur Rolle des serotonergen Systems in der zentralen Schmerzmodulation zusammen. Ergebnisse: Eine Reihe von Tierversuchen zeigt sowohl antinozizeptive wie auch pronozizeptive Wirkungen von Serotonin auf Rückenmarksebene. Untersuchungen an gesunden Probanden zeigen weiterhin Hinweise auf erhöhte Schmerzempfindlichkeit unter verminderter zentraler Serotoninverfügbarkeit bei akutem Schmerz. Untersuchungen an chronischen Schmerzpatienten mit Fibromyalgie zeigen reduzierte Abbauprodukte des Serotoninstoffwechsels im Liquor, erhöhte Antikörper gegen Serotonin und Serotoninrezeptoren sowie inkonsistente Ergebnisse bezüglich genetischer Prädisposition. Im klinischen Einsatz erwiesen sich rein serotonerge Substanzen als we-niger wirksam in der Behandlung chronischer Schmerzen als Pharmaka mit zusätzlich noradrenerger Komponente. Schlussfolgerung: Eine breite Basis an grundlagenwissenschaft-lichen Befunden weist auf einen bedeutsamen Einfluss serotonerger Transmission auf die Schmerzwahrnehmung hin. Klinische Relevanz: Der Einsatz von rein serotonerg wirksamen Pharmaka, wie den Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmern, kann nur bei Komorbidität chronischer Schmerzen mit Depression empfohlen werden.
Bewegungs- und Sportberatung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Hartmann M. , Schrödl S. , König M. , Georgi M. , Schwirtz A. , Haas J.-P. , Merker J.
Published: January 2019

Chronische Erkrankungen im Kindesalter, wie die juvenile idiopathische Arthritis aus dem rheumatischen Formenkreis, können akut, aber auch im Langzeitverlauf zu körperlicher Inaktivität führen. Die Patienten entwickeln funktionelle Einschränkungen bei Alltagsbewegungen und nehmen zeitweise gar nicht oder nur eingeschränkt an Sportangeboten teil. Daraus resultieren Defizite der konditionellen und koordinativen Fähigkeiten. Für eine kindgerechte und psychosoziale Entwicklung, aber auch aus Sicht der Primär- und Sekundärprävention spielt eine regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität für chronisch kranke Kinder eine entscheidende Rolle. Studien zum therapeutischen Einsatz von sportlichem Training zeigen dessen Unbedenklichkeit und Nutzen bei richtiger Durchführung. Daher sollten Kinder mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen nach individueller Beurteilung der Defizite und der Erkrankungsaktivität zum Sport ermutigt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden existierende Bewegungskonzepte für chronisch erkrankte Heranwachsende und ein neues Konzept zur individuellen Bewegungs- und Sportberatung für rheumaerkrankte Kinder und Jugendliche vorgestellt.
Hypermagnesiämie des ionisierten Magnesiums bei 199 Hunden
Authors: Güssow Arne , Schulz Nicole , Bauer Natali , Moritz Andreas
Published: January 2019

Ziel: Ermittlung von Häufigkeit und Ätiologie einer erhöhten Konzentration des ionisierten Magnesiums (iMg) beim Hund und Evaluierung deren Relevanz als prognostischer Faktor. Material und Methoden: Von April 2009 bis Dezember 2013 wurden bei 9950 Hunden Serum-elektrolyte mittels ionenselektiver Elektrode gemessen. Einschlusskriterium für die retrospektive Studie war eine Hypermagnesiämie (iMg ≥ 0,68 mmol/l), wobei zudem Gesamtmagnesium (tMg), Kalium, ionisiertes Kalzium und Urinabsatz evaluiert wurden. Bei wiederholten Messungen fand nur die erstmalig bestimmte erhöhte iMg-Konzentration eines Tieres Berücksichtigung. Nach der Ätiologie erfolgte die Zuordnung in die Diagnosegruppen Azotämie, iatrogen/medikamentenassoziiert, endokrinologische Störungen, Gewebeuntergang, unbekannte Ätiologie für Hypermagnesiämie. Ausgewertet wurden Überlebensrate und iMg-Konzentration in den Diagnosegruppen sowie die Korrelation von iMg und tMg. Ergebnisse: Die Prävalenz einer Hypermagnesiämie betrug 2,0 % (199/9950). Häufigste Ursache war eine Azotämie (80/199; 40 %), gefolgt von iatrogener Verabreichung (37/199; 19 %), Gewebeuntergang (21/199; 11 %) und endokrinologischen Störungen (12/199; 6 %). Bei 49/199 Hunden (25 %) war die Ätiologie unbekannt. Eine Hyperkalzämie zeigten 24/199 Hunde (12 %), eine Hypokalzämie 58/199 (29 %). Eine Nierenerkrankung hatten 64 % der Hunde (51/80) mit Azotämie, wovon 53 % (27/51) eine Hyperkaliämie aufwiesen. Zudem bestand bei 37 % (19/51) der Tiere mit Nierenerkrankung eine Anurie/Oligurie, davon hatten 59 % (11/19) eine Hyperkaliämie. Insgesamt verstarben 83/199 (42 %) Hunde, wovon 48/83 (58 %) der Gruppe Azotämie angehörten. Die iMg-Konzentration differierte zwischen den Gruppen nicht (p = 0,15). Die Korrelation von iMg und tMg war mit rs = 0,28 unzureichend. Schlussfolgerung: Eine erhöhte iMg-Konzentration ist selten und weist auf schwer wiegende Erkrankungen hin. Insbesondere bei einer Azotämie kann sie mit erhöhter Mortalität assoziiert sein. Die tMg-Konzentration lässt keine Rückschüsse auf die iMg-Konzentration zu.
Tear film examinations and eyelid histology of pugs
Authors: Krecny Marion , Witter Kirsti , Tichy Alexander , Nell Barbara
Published: January 2019

Objectives: To determine if qualitative tear film and histological changes of the eyelid margins in pugs compared to other brachycephalic dogs could be potential contributing factors to the high prevalence of corneal diseases in this breed. Methods: Ophthalmic examin ation (including tear film break-up time [TFBUT] and meibometry) was undertaken on three groups (pugs with and without ophthalmologic abnormalities as well as on other brachycephalic breeds with history of ophthalmologic abnormalities). Histology of eyelid tissue obtained during medial canthoplasty was performed, using hematoxylin-eosin and oil-red-O-staining. Results: Seventy-eight pugs and 11 brachycephalic dogs were included. Mean ages were 3.54 and 5.5 years respectively. STT 1 values below 15 mm/min were found in 12 of 150 eyes of pugs and in three of 18 eyes of other brachycephalic dogs. Tear film break-up time values below 20 seconds were determined in 118 of 126 eyes of pugs, and in eight of 18 eyes of other brachycephalic dogs. Meibometry values over 100 MU were only identified in 20 of 147 eyes of pugs and 12 of 20 eyes in other brachycephalic dogs. Eyelid tissue of 21 pugs and 11 brachycephalic dogs was obtained. All pugs had a higher number of inflammatory cells in eyelid tissue than other brachycephalic breeds. Conclusions: Young pugs are often presented with STT 1 values within the reference range and low TFBUT and meibometry values. As other brachycephalic breeds are often presented with STT 1 values within reference ranges as well as low TFBUT values, the only marked difference between pugs and other brachycephalic breeds are low meibometry values and the higher number of inflammatory cells in the medial canthal lid margins.
Orbital paraganglioma in a dog
Authors: Taeymans Olivier , Monti Paola , Scurrell Emma , Eddicks Lina , Matiasek Kaspar , Busse Claudia , Fischer Maria-Christine
Published: January 2019

A 10-year-old Rottweiler presented with right-sided moderately painful exophthalmia, blindness, absence of dazzle and pupillary light reflexes, a swollen optic nerve head and ventrolateral indentation of the globe. On magnetic resonance imaging, a 3 x 2 x 2 cm mass with a fluid filled center and contrast-enhancing periphery was noted posteriolateral of the globe. Orbital ultrasound was used for a guided fine needle aspirate of the mass. Cytology revealed moderate numbers of polygonal cells with lightly basophilic cytoplasm. Several cells showed nuclear pseudoinclusions. Histopathology following exenteration of the orbit revealed an infiltrative, extradural neoplasm surrounding the optic nerve. Cells were arranged in packets. Neoplastic cells were immunopositive for neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin and chromogranin A and immunonegative for cytokeratin. Findings were consistent with an extra-adrenal paraganglioma (neuroendocrine tumour). Although complete excision could not be confirmed on histopathology, the owners reported no apparent tumour recurrence 25 months after surgery. In conclusion a paraganglioma should be considered as a differential diagnosis of an orbital mass.
Einsatz mesenchymaler Stammzellen beim Hund
Authors: Kilchling Tim , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea
Published: January 2019

Mesenchymale Stammzellen (MSC) sind multipotente Zellen, die sich in verschiedene Zelltypen des Körpers differenzieren können, z. B. in osteogene, chondrogene, adipogene und myogene Richtungen. Die klinische Anwendung von Stammzellen stellt in der Humanmedizin ein seit Jahrzehnten etabliertes Verfahren dar. Auch in der Veterinärmedizin werden insbesondere beim Pferd schon seit längerem Therapien mit MSC durchgeführt. Seit ca. 15 Jahren findet dieses Verfahren auch beim Hund immer häufiger klinische Anwendung. Haupteinsatzgebiet sind hier Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparats, vor allem Lahmheiten infolge osteoarthrotischer Veränderungen der großen Gelenke. Die Isolierung der MSC erfolgt in der Veterinärmedizin überwiegend aus dem Knochenmark oder dem Fettgewebe. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über Entnahmelokalisation, Gewinnung, Charakterisierung und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von MSC in der Veterinärmedizin, insbesondere beim Hund. Dargestellt werden dabei die in der zugängli-chen Literatur beschriebenen Studien zur Therapie bei orthopädischen Erkrankungen des Hundes.
Clinical Context-Specific Staphylococcus aureus Susceptibilities May Differ Substantially and Be Obscured by Aggregate Antibiograms
Authors: Islam Shamim , Shah Neel , Biary Nora
Published: January 2019

Aggregate data in institutional antibiograms may not accurately represent major pathogens' antibiotic susceptibility patterns in important clinical scenarios. In this analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolates between 2013 and 2016 at the Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, methicillin and clindamycin susceptibility rates of S. aureus differed significantly from aggregate data when stratified by wound specimen and osteoarticular infection (OAI) isolates. Clindamycin susceptibility of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in wound specimens was higher than published antibiograms, whereas the proportion of MRSA and total clindamycin susceptibility in OAI was relatively lower, which impacts empiric antibiotic decision-making. With S. aureus antibiotic susceptibility patterns shifting and differences by infection type, as well as geographic location, pediatric facilities are encouraged to perform local reviews and emphasize specimen and clinical-context rather than aggregate antibiograms.
Adverse Outcomes with Maternal Blood Pressure Less than 140/90 in Pregnancy Complicated by Hypertension
Authors: Mitchell Courtney J. , Tita Alan , Anderson Sarah B. , Pasko Daniel N. , Harper Lorie M.
Published: January 2019

Objective We assessed the risk of small for gestational age and other outcomes in pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension with blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg.

Study Design Retrospective cohort of singletons with hypertension at a single institution from 2000 to 2014. Mean systolic blood pressure and mean diastolic blood pressure were analyzed as continuous and dichotomous variables (<120/80 and 120–139/80–89 mm Hg). The primary outcome was small for gestational age. Secondary outcomes included birth weight, preeclampsia, preterm birth <35 weeks, and a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes.

Results Small for gestational age was not increased with a mean systolic blood pressure <120 mm Hg compared with a mean systolic blood pressure 120 to 129 mm Hg (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92–2.79). Mean diastolic blood pressure <80 mm Hg was associated with a decrease in the risk preeclampsia (AOR 0.57; 95% CI 0.35–0.94), preterm birth <35 weeks (AOR 0.35; 95% CI 0.20–0.62), and the composite neonatal outcome (AOR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22–0.81).

Conclusion Mean systolic blood pressure <120 mm Hg and mean diastolic blood pressure <80 mm Hg were not associated with increased risk of small for gestational age when compared with higher, normal mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
Association of Fast Food and Supermarket Density with Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancies Affected by Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Battarbee Ashley N. , Yee Lynn M.
Published: January 2019

Objective To measure the association of fast food density (FFD) and supermarket density (SD) with adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of women with GDM who delivered at a tertiary care center in a large metropolitan area (1/2010–2/2016). ZIP codes were used to link women with surrounding food environment. FFD and SD were calculated as the number of establishments per 100,000 residents for each ZIP code and classified into quartiles. Quartile 1 represented lowest FFD or SD. Four neonatal outcomes were assessed: large for gestational age (LGA) neonate, shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and neonatal intensive care unit admission > 3 days. Bivariable and multivariable analyses estimated associations of FFD and SD with outcomes.

Results A total of 2,373 women met eligibility criteria. Insurance, race/ethnicity, language, and body mass index differed between quartiles, although GDM type did not. High FFD was associated with lower odds of LGA but not with other outcomes. Low SD and FFD:SD ratios were not associated with any outcomes.

Conclusion Among women with GDM, high FFD was associated with some neonatal outcomes, but low SD and FFD:SD ratio was not. Food environment may not be the only social determinant of neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with GDM.
A De novo Loss-of-Function Mutation in PAFAH1B1 Identified in a Single Case with Agyria–Pachygyria Complex
Authors: Ou Yali , Xiang Bingwu , Yang Liu , Chen Wei , Chen Xiang , Cai Tao
Published: January 2019

To identify genetic causes in affected infants with abnormalities of brain development, including malformations of cortical development–associated neuropsychological disorders, affected infants were recruited based on their clinical examination and cranial imaging studies. Trio whole-exome sequencing (WES), bioinformatic analysis, and genotype–phenotype correlations were performed for 20 affected subjects to identify candidate mutations, followed by Sanger sequencing for further verification. In the present study, we identified a de novo heterozygous mutation (c.265C > T, p.R89*) of the PAFAH1B1 gene in the affected child with epilepsy, speech impairment, and cerebral palsy. The mutation was predicted to be a null loss-of-function allele, which was not found in ExAC and the Chinse Han Exome Sequences databases. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated bilateral parieto-occipital and temporal lissencephaly as well as frontal partial pachygyria in the affected child. This is the first case with agyria–pachygyria complex due to a nonsense mutation in the Chinese population identified by a trio WES approach.
Thirty-Day Unplanned Readmission after Total Knee Arthroplasty at a Teaching Community Hospital: Rates, Reasons, and Risk Factors
Authors: Workman Kalain K. , Angerett Nathan , Lippe Ronald , Shin Alex , King Scott
Published: January 2019

Unplanned readmission after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has an increasing prevalence in the United States. Readmissions are now a metric for hospital quality of care, yet there are mixed results and variables associated with unplanned readmission. In this changing healthcare, it is critical for community healthcare institutions to identify risk factors for unplanned readmissions following TKA. Retrospective chart review and a hospital administrative database query to report causes, demographics, and medical comorbid risk factors result in 30-day readmission after undergoing primary TKA between 2011 and 2016 at a teaching community hospital. This study identified 7,482 primary TKA procedures of which 210 (2.8%) were unplanned readmissions. Gastrointestinal bleed (9.05%) and periprosthetic infection (8.10%) were the most common causes of readmission. Age 65 and older (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–2.21; p = 0.0012), male (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03–1.83; p = 0.0302), length of stay > 3 days (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.45–2.86; p < 0.0001), and discharge to rehab (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.49–3.26; p ≤ 0.0001) were correlated significantly with risk of 30-day readmission. Chronic airway disease (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.54–5.14; p = 0.0008) and obesity (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.006–2.10; p = 0.0463) were significant risk factors. Higher Charlson comorbidity index was not a predictor of time to readmission within 30 days after TKA.
A Rare Co-occurrence of Intestinal Malrotation and Hirschsprung's Disease in a Neonate with 13q21.31q33.1 Interstitial Deletion Including the EDNRB Gene
Authors: Chatmethakul Trassanee , Phaltas Rozaleen , Minzes Gwen , Martinez Jose , Bhat Ramachandra
Published: January 2019

We report a rare co-occurrence of intestinal malrotation and Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) in a male neonate with a large 38.8 Mb interstitial deletion of chromosome 13 extending from q21.31 to q33.1 including the EDNRB gene, who presented with craniofacial dysmorphic features and central nervous system malformations. The loss of EDNRB gene in addition to bilateral hearing loss and HSCR suggested an additional diagnosis of Waardenburg–Shah's syndrome. This case highlights the fact that prior knowledge of this rare association in infants with 13q deletion syndrome would enable early diagnosis and prompt interventions to prevent gastrointestinal complications.
Mammakarzinom – Hirnmetastasen als erster Metastasierungsort
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: January 2019

Die Inzidenz von Hirnmetastasen bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom steigt. Es existieren aber wenig Daten zur Inzidenz einer Hirnmetastasierung nach modernen systemischen Therapien. Zudem sind die Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung von Hirnmetastasen als erstem Metastasierungsort wenig erforscht. Die Studien GeparQuinto und GeparSixto (n = 3160) wurden jetzt hinsichtlich Risikofaktoren bei modernen systemischen Therapien in der Neoadjuvanz ausgewertet.
Zirkulierende DNA beim DLBCL
Authors: Kretzschmar Dr. Alexander
Published: January 2019

Bei Patienten mit diffus-großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphomen (DLBCL) ist die Dynamik der Veränderungen der zirkulierenden DNA (ctDNA) innerhalb der ersten 21 Tage prognostisch aussagekräftig für das Ansprechen des Patienten. Dies ergab eine Studie mit 217 DLBCL-Patienten unter Therapie in sechs Zentren. Mithilfe dieses Biomarkers, so das Fazit der Autoren, kann der Arzt bereits wenige Wochen nach Therapiebeginn mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit erkennen, ob der Patient anspricht und muss nicht bis zum Ende der Behandlung warten.
Kastrationsresistentes Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Krome Dr. med. Susanne
Published: January 2019

Der Androgen-Rezeptor-Antagonist Apalutamid interagiert mit der Ligandenbindungsstelle und verhindert somit die Interaktion mit der DNA. Die placebokontrollierte SPARTAN-Studie belegte die längerfristige Effektivität von Apalutamid. Wegen des überzeugenden Nutzens hob das Studienkomitee im Juli 2017 die Verblindung auf und bot den Patienten der Placebogruppe Apalutamid an.
Glioblastom-Therapie
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: January 2019

Eine gentechnisch hergestellte nicht-pathogene Kombination aus Polio- und Rhinovirus (PVSRIPO) die direkt in das Tumorgewebe injiziert wird, könnte möglicherweise das Leben von Patienten mit Glioblastom verlängern. In einer Phase-I-Studie an der Duke Universität in Durham/USA waren die Überlebensrate nach 24 und 36 Monaten höher als in einer historischen Vergleichsgruppe. Immerhin waren 2/35 Patienten mit einem wiederkehrenden Glioblastom (Malignität Grad 4) noch 69 Monate nach der Infusion am Leben.
ZNS-Metastasen beim NSCLC:
Authors: Kretzschmar Dr. Alexander
Published: January 2019

Eine prophylaktische Ganzhirnbestrahlung (Prophylactic cranial irradiation; PCI) verlängert nicht das Gesamtüberleben (OS) von Patienten mit nicht-kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC). Dies ergab der 10-Jahres-Follow-up einer auf der World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) veröffentlichten Phase-III Studie NRG/RTOG 0214. Kritiker bezweifeln jedoch, ob das Studiendesign überhaupt geeignet war, einen Effekt der PCI nachzuweisen.
Therapie des BRAF-mutierten NSCLC
Authors: Krome Dr. Susanne
Published: January 2019

BRAF-mutierte nicht kleinzellige Bronchialkarzinome (NSCLC) sind besonders aggressiv. Gezielte Antikörpertherapien verbesserten die Behandlungsergebnisse. Bei einem ALK-Rearrangement ging eine lange progressionsfreie Zeit nicht zu Lasten der Post-Progressionsphase. Die Sekundäranalyse einer nicht randomisierten Phase-II-Studie zeigt dies nun auch für Patienten mit einer BRAF-V600E-Mutation.
Posttraumatic Lateral Dislocation of Mandibular Condyle: A Proposed New Classification with Report of 14 Dislocated Condyles
Authors: Rahman Tabishur , Hashmi Ghulam Sarwar , Ahmed Syed Saeed , Rahman Sajjad Abdur
Published: January 2019

Lateral dislocation of the intact mandibular condyle is a relatively uncommon clinical condition. Since the first description and classification of these dislocations given by Allen and Young, few classification systems have been proposed in literature with incorporation of different patterns of dislocations identified over the years. We share our clinical experience of nine cases of such dislocations with 14 dislocated condyles, and on the basis of clinical and radiological findings coupled with the review of existing classification systems, we propose a new classification system which includes all the possible patterns of such dislocations overcoming the major shortcomings of preexisting classification systems identified by the authors.
Effects of Continuous vs Discontinuous Aerobic Training on Cardiac Autonomic Remodeling
Authors: Landram Michael , McAnulty Steven , Utter Alan , Baldari Carlo , Guidetti Laura , Collier Scott
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to examine the cardiac autonomic nervous system differences following either continuous vs. discontinuous exercise in males and females. Forty-seven healthy male and female subjects (M=19, F=28; Age=36.95±13.79) underwent a baseline test for VO2peak and tilt table testing. They were assigned to a one-month control period before returning to repeat the testing and then begin one month of either continuous aerobic treadmill work for 30 min at 70% peak heart rate (N=23) or 3 bouts of 10 min at 70% of peak heart rate with two 10-min break periods in between (N=24). Following exercise, both groups demonstrated a significant improvement in VO2peak (p<0.001). Treatment differences were detected while tilted in continuous as a decreases in the percentage of instances within an hour that the normal sinus interval exceeds 50 ms (p=0.036) and in the high-frequency component (p=0.023). While supine, the discontinuous group saw reduction in heart rate (p=0.004), and an increase in high-frequency (p=0.018). These data suggest that for healthy people either continuous or discontinuous aerobic training is effective in improving measures of fitness; however discontinuous is better able to improve supine indices of vagal activity on heart rate variability.
High-temperature oxidation resistance of VCps-reinforced Fe-matrix composites using an in-situ reaction
Authors: Chen Pinghu , Li Ruiqing , Jiang Ripeng , Zeng Songsheng , Zhang Yun , Li Xiaoqian
Published: January 2019

The oxidation kinetics and behavior of vanadium carbide particle-reinforced Fe-based composites (VCps-Fe-MC) were investigated at 600, 800, and 950 °C. The microstructure of the surface and cross-section of the oxidation layer was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The composition of the surface of the oxide scales was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The micro hardness of the specimens was measured by a micro-hardness tester after a high-temperature treatment and subsequent air cooling. The results showed that the growth of the oxide scales on the VCps-Fe-MC followed a parabolic curve with an increase in the oxidation time. In addition, the weight gain increased with the oxidation temperature during the same period. Different oxide scales and oxidation rates occurred in some regions due to different textures. The minimum oxidation rate was in the austenite region because of a high silicon and chromium contents. At the same time, severe cracking and large shedding of the oxide scales were discovered due to growth stress and thermal stress. These defects can provide channels for oxygen diffusion. Based on the micro-hardness values, temperatures greater than 900 °C can be regarded as austenitizing temperatures during heat treatment to improve the mechanical properties and the wear resistance.
Stacking fault reduction during annealing in Cu-poor CuInSe2 thin film solar cell absorbers analyzed by in situ XRD and grain growth modeling
Authors: Stange Helena , Brunken Stephan , Greiner Dieter , Heinemann Marc Daniel , Barragan Yani Daniel Antonio , Wägele Leonard Alwin , Li Chen , Simsek Sanli Ekin , Kahnt Max , Schmidt Sebastian Simon , Bäcker Jan-Peter , Kaufmann Christian Alexander , Klaus Manuela , Scheer Roland , Genzel Christoph , Mainz Roland
Published: January 2019

Buried wurtzite structures composed by stacking faults of the {111} planes in zinc-blende and {112} planes in chalcopyrite structures can result in barriers for charge carrier transport. A precise understanding of stacking fault annihilation mechanisms is therefore crucial for the development of effective deposition processes. During co-evaporation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2—a photovoltaic absorber material showing record efficiencies of up to 22.9% for thin film solar cells—a reduction of stacking faults occurs at the transition from a Cu-poor to a Cu-rich film composition, parallel to grain growth, which is suggesting that the two phenomena are coupled. Here, we show by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction during annealing of Cu-poor CuInSe2 thin films that stacking faults can be strongly reduced through annealing, without passing through a Cu-rich film composition. We simulate the evolution of the X-ray diffraction stacking fault signal with a simple numerical model of grain growth driven by stacking fault energy and grain boundary curvature. The results support the hypothesis that the stacking fault reduction can be explained by grain growth. The model is used to make predictions on annealing times and temperatures required for stacking fault reduction and could be adapted for polycrystalline thin films with similar morphology.
First-principles investigation of the electronic structures and Seebeck coefficients of PbTe/SrTe interfaces
Authors: Li Jingyu , Wang Yuanxu , Zhang Guangbiao , Chen Dong , Ren Fengzhu
Published: January 2019

By introducing a suitable barrier, carrier filtering can yield a high Seebeck coefficient by filtering out electrons (or holes) with low energy. To understand carrier filtering in a PbTe/SrTe interface, the first-principles method and semiclassical Boltzmann theory are used to investigate electronic structures and Seebeck coefficients of PbTe/SrTe (110) and (100) interfaces. The PbTe/SrTe heterostructure is found to be a type-I interface that can form an energy barrier that filters low-energy carriers. Such carrier filtering induces a large in-plane Seebeck coefficient of ∼277 μV K−1 (T = 600 K) with a fixed carrier concentration of 1.6 × 1020 cm−3. This large in-plane Seebeck coefficient is attributed to the Te-p states and the strong asymmetry of the transmission. Additionally, the values of the Seebeck coefficient of p-type PbTe/SrTe (110) are larger than those of the n-type one, and the electronic properties of the PbTe/SrTe (100) interface are similar to those of the PbTe/SrTe (110) interface.
Two touching/self-assembly droplets in uniform Stokes flow: Viscous energy dissipation of the flow in droplets
Authors: Song Kui , Zhou Zheng
Published: January 2019

Viscous energy dissipation of the flow in two touching or self-assembly droplets in uniform Stokes flow is investigated in this paper. Based on the Stokes solution, the energy dissipation per unit time of the two droplets is calculated and validated by comparing with the result of one droplet Stokes flow, and then a theoretical model to calculate the energy dissipation is established. The investigation reveals that the energy dissipation per unit time of either droplet increases with the increasing droplet viscosity at constant continuous fluid viscosity and reaches a peak value when the two viscosities are equal. Moreover, the energy dissipation per unit time of either droplet changes with the sizes of both droplets. The total energy dissipation per unit time of the two droplets is less than the sum of the energy dissipation per unit time of the two droplets before their contact or self-assembly, and in particular, it reaches the minimum value which is about 1/6 of the result of one droplet flow when the two droplets’ sizes are equal. Two droplets’ contact or self-assembly will minimize the energy dissipation of droplets, so it can save energy for the flow system. This study proposes a new perspective for droplet self-assembly study and can promote droplet collision and coalescence studies and then bring benefits to relevant applications.
Prediction of many-electron wavefunctions using atomic potentials: Refinements and extensions to transition metals and large systems
Authors: Whitten Jerry L.
Published: January 2019

For a given many-electron molecule, it is possible to define a corresponding one-electron Schrödinger equation, using potentials derived from simple atomic densities, whose solution predicts fairly accurate molecular orbitals for single-determinant and multideterminant wavefunctions for the molecule. The energy is not predicted and must be evaluated by calculating Coulomb and exchange interactions over the predicted orbitals. Transferable potentials for first-row atoms and transition metal oxides that can be used without modification in different molecules are reported. For improved accuracy, molecular wavefunctions can be refined by slightly scaling nuclear charges and by introducing potentials optimized for functional groups. The accuracy is further improved by a single diagonalization of the Fock matrix constructed from the predicted orbitals. For a test set of 20 molecules representing different bonding environments, the transferable potentials with scaling give wavefunctions with energies that deviate from exact self-consistent field or configuration interaction energies by less than 0.05 eV and 0.02 eV per bond or valence electron pair, respectively. On diagonalization of the Fock matrix, the corresponding errors are reduced by a factor of three to less than 0.016 eV and 0.006 eV, respectively. Applications to the ground and excited states of a Ti18O36 nanoparticle and chlorophyll-a are reported.
On Casimir operators of conformal Galilei algebras
Authors: Alshammari Fahad , Isaac Phillip S. , Marquette Ian
Published: January 2019

In a previous work (F. Alshammari, P. S. Isaac, and I. Marquette, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 51, 065206 (2018)), we introduced an algorithm that utilises differential operator realisations to find polynomial Casimir operators of Lie algebras. In this article, we build on this work by applying the algorithm to several classes of finite dimensional conformal Galilei algebras with central extension. In these cases, we highlight the utility of an algebra anti-automorphism and give relevant details through key examples.
Theoretical and experimental studies of electrical conductivity for functionally graded, heterogeneous surfaces
Authors: Jennings J. M. , Vaidyanathan R. , Kar A.
Published: January 2019

A theoretical approach for estimating solutions to Maxwell’s equations for structures with spatially-varying electromagnetic properties is presented for conductive media containing surfaces modified with functionally graded, heterogeneous electrical conductivity. The basis of the approach is an equivalent depth technique that replaces a graded conductivity region consisting of a phase mixture with a series of thin layers with uniform, multi-phase properties locally matching the effective mixture properties of the graded region. Radio frequency field propagation within each layer is determined as if it had existed within a constant conductivity medium but its depth is electromagnetically equivalent to the replaced graded region existing prior to the layer. The equivalent depth approach was applied to planar, thin foil, and cylindrical media to enable comparison with experimental results. Model predictions were compared with total transmission results for Pt-doped titanium thin foils and steady-state temperature rise in closed wire loops made from Sn-modified copper wire. For the thin foil case, the model-predicted total transmissivity shows good agreement with trends in the experimental results due to property changes in the modified surface layers. In the cylindrical wire case, similar agreement between the predicted effective conductivity values for the modified layers and experimental results was observed. Thus, the equivalent depth approach is an effective method for estimating solutions to Maxwell’s equations in complex media and a useful tool for predicting the performance of tailored surface conductivity modifications.
Analytic results for the three- and four-particle correlation functions of the fluid of hard disks
Authors: Kalyuzhnyi Yu. , Škvára J. , Nezbeda I.
Published: January 2019

Analytic expressions for the three- and four-particle correlation functions of the hard disk fluid in terms of geometric functionals have been derived using the combined geometric/thermodynamic idea of Boublik [Fluid Phase Equilib. 316, 1 (2012)]. To assess the approximate result, extensive Monte Carlo simulations were performed to obtain the triplet correlation function, g3, over a wide range of densities. We then focussed on the rolling contact configurations that are required in the second-order thermodynamic perturbation theory of patchy colloid models. The analytic approximation is shown to perform very well, and the simulation data have therefore been parametrized using Boublik’s functional form for their subsequent use.
Activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inactivation in the mouse uterus results in metastatic endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Monsivais Diana , Peng Jia , Kang Yibin , Matzuk Martin M.
Published: January 2019

Significance

The rising incidence of endometrial cancer in the United States and worldwide can be partially attributed to elevated rates of obesity in the population. Although hysterectomy is an effective treatment for early endometrial cancer, medical interventions are required in advanced cases with metastatic disease or for women wishing to preserve fertility. Here, we present a mouse model with conditional inactivation of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor, activin-like kinase 5 (
Alk5
), that develops estrogen-dependent endometrial adenocarcinoma with distant lung metastases. We anticipate that this mouse will be a useful preclinical model for testing novel therapies for endometrial cancer and for understanding the mechanisms that control endometrial regeneration in the postpartum uterus.
Time course of spatiotopic updating across saccades
Authors: Fabius Jasper H. , Fracasso Alessio , Nijboer Tanja C. W. , Van der Stigchel Stefan
Published: January 2019

Humans move their eyes several times per second, yet we perceive the outside world as continuous despite the sudden disruptions created by each eye movement. To date, the mechanism that the brain employs to achieve visual continuity across eye movements remains unclear. While it has been proposed that the oculomotor system quickly updates and informs the visual system about the upcoming eye movement, behavioral studies investigating the time course of this updating suggest the involvement of a slow mechanism, estimated to take more than 500 ms to operate effectively. This is a surprisingly slow estimate, because both the visual system and the oculomotor system process information faster. If spatiotopic updating is indeed this slow, it cannot contribute to perceptual continuity, because it is outside the temporal regime of typical oculomotor behavior. Here, we argue that the behavioral paradigms that have been used previously are suboptimal to measure the speed of spatiotopic updating. In this study, we used a fast gaze-contingent paradigm, using high phi as a continuous stimulus across eye movements. We observed fast spatiotopic updating within 150 ms after stimulus onset. The results suggest the involvement of a fast updating mechanism that predictively influences visual perception after an eye movement. The temporal characteristics of this mechanism are compatible with the rate at which saccadic eye movements are typically observed in natural viewing.
The functional importance of human foot muscles for bipedal locomotion
Authors: Farris Dominic James , Kelly Luke A. , Cresswell Andrew G. , Lichtwark Glen A.
Published: January 2019

Human feet have evolved to facilitate bipedal locomotion, losing an opposable digit that grasped branches in favor of a longitudinal arch (LA) that stiffens the foot and aids bipedal gait. Passive elastic structures are credited with supporting the LA, but recent evidence suggests that plantar intrinsic muscles (PIMs) within the foot actively contribute to foot stiffness. To test the functional significance of the PIMs, we compared foot and lower limb mechanics with and without a tibial nerve block that prevented contraction of these muscles. Comparisons were made during controlled limb loading, walking, and running in healthy humans. An inability to activate the PIMs caused slightly greater compression of the LA when controlled loads were applied to the lower limb by a linear actuator. However, when greater loads were experienced during ground contact in walking and running, the stiffness of the LA was not altered by the block, indicating that the PIMs’ contribution to LA stiffness is minimal, probably because of their small size. With the PIMs blocked, the distal joints of the foot could not be stiffened sufficiently to provide normal push-off against the ground during late stance. This led to an increase in stride rate and compensatory power generated by the hip musculature, but no increase in the metabolic cost of transport. The results reveal that the PIMs have a minimal effect on the stiffness of the LA when absorbing high loads, but help stiffen the distal foot to aid push-off against the ground when walking or running bipedally.
Adaptive, locally linear models of complex dynamics
Authors: Costa Antonio C. , Ahamed Tosif , Stephens Greg J.
Published: January 2019

The dynamics of complex systems generally include high-dimensional, nonstationary, and nonlinear behavior, all of which pose fundamental challenges to quantitative understanding. To address these difficulties, we detail an approach based on local linear models within windows determined adaptively from data. While the dynamics within each window are simple, consisting of exponential decay, growth, and oscillations, the collection of local parameters across all windows provides a principled characterization of the full time series. To explore the resulting model space, we develop a likelihood-based hierarchical clustering, and we examine the eigenvalues of the linear dynamics. We demonstrate our analysis with the Lorenz system undergoing stable spiral dynamics and in the standard chaotic regime. Applied to the posture dynamics of the nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans
, our approach identifies fine-grained behavioral states and model dynamics which fluctuate about an instability boundary, and we detail a bifurcation in a transition from forward to backward crawling. We analyze whole-brain imaging in
C. elegans
and show that global brain dynamics is damped away from the instability boundary by a decrease in oxygen concentration. We provide additional evidence for such near-critical dynamics from the analysis of electrocorticography in monkey and the imaging of a neural population from mouse visual cortex at single-cell resolution.
ABL kinase inhibition promotes lung regeneration through expansion of an SCGB1A1+ SPC+ cell population following bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Khatri Aaditya , Kraft Bryan D. , Tata Purushothama Rao , Randell Scott H. , Piantadosi Claude A. , Pendergast Ann Marie
Published: January 2019

Significance

Approximately 50,000 cases of
Staphylococcus aureus
pneumonia occur each year. These infections are associated with high mortality rates and frequently progress to multiorgan system failure. Treatment is limited to antibiotics and supportive care. Here we show that Abl kinase inhibition enhances proliferation and differentiation of a subpopulation of lung epithelial cells following pathogen-induced lung injury. We found that a subset of secretory cells in the lower airway expands to sites of injury in the alveolar epithelium to promote regeneration. Mice treated with an Abl kinase inhibitor recovered faster than vehicle control-treated mice following pathogen-induced lung injury. Therapeutic strategies to promote lung epithelial cell regeneration after injury could profoundly improve patient outcomes when used in combination with antibiotics and supportive care.
Real-time 2-5A kinetics suggest that interferons β and λ evade global arrest of translation by RNase L
Authors: Chitrakar Alisha , Rath Sneha , Donovan Jesse , Demarest Kaitlin , Li Yize , Sridhar Raghavendra Rao , Weiss Susan R. , Kotenko Sergei V. , Wingreen Ned S. , Korennykh Alexei
Published: January 2019

Cells of all mammals recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a foreign material. In response, they release interferons (IFNs) and activate a ubiquitously expressed pseudokinase/endoribonuclease RNase L. RNase L executes regulated RNA decay and halts global translation. Here, we developed a biosensor for 2′,5′-oligoadenylate (2-5A), the natural activator of RNase L. Using this biosensor, we found that 2-5A was acutely synthesized by cells in response to dsRNA sensing, which immediately triggered cellular RNA cleavage by RNase L and arrested host protein synthesis. However, translation-arrested cells still transcribed IFN-stimulated genes and secreted IFNs of types I and III (IFN-β and IFN-λ). Our data suggest that IFNs escape from the action of RNase L on translation. We propose that the 2-5A/RNase L pathway serves to rapidly and accurately suppress basal protein synthesis, preserving privileged production of defense proteins of the innate immune system.
Translating in the Pacific
Authors: Hong Joseph P.
Published: January 2019

This report covers Oceania, including the Polynesian Triangle but excluding Australia and PNG. Oral tradition still dominates local speech communities. The report reviews how “translation” is expressed by a dozen major languages, then traces early contacts between islanders and western explorers when communication was needed. Translation involving Christian literature started in earnest when the first missionaries arrived at the turn of the 19th century. The Bible was rendered into sixteen languages during the first hundred years and during the second, into ten others. Translators have faced lexical challenges because many biblical terms have no equivalents in Pacific languages. Translation activities slowed down in early 20th century due to the World Wars, and in recent decades, due to little need of proselytism because Pacific islanders have been converted to Christianity and are conversant in English or French. Bible translation still continues because islanders prefer reading the book of their faith in their own language, and is carried out by native speakers according to current policy.
Recent tradition in Australia
Authors: Gentile Adolfo
Published: January 2019

This report offers a diachronic view of the concept of Translation in Australia from the time of British colonisation. It traces the events in Translation practice which have led to the current, broadly instrumental view of Translation. From the attempts at Bible translation into indigenous languages, to the provision of a telephone interpreter service, Translation was first an instrument of colonisation, then of religious conversion and, since World War 2 in particular, part of the armoury in the nation-building efforts through the migration program.