bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Dissection of Resistance to the Three Fungal Plant PathogensBlumeria graminis,Zymoseptoria tritici, andPyrenophora tritici-repentisUsing a Multiparental Winter Wheat Population
Authors: Stadlmeier Melanie , Jørgensen Lise Nistrup , Corsi Beatrice , Cockram James , Hartl Lorenz , Mohler Volker
Published: March 2019

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world’s most important crop species. The development of new varieties resistant to multiple pathogens is an ongoing task in wheat breeding, especially in times of increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices. Despite this, little is known about the relations between various fungal disease resistances at the genetic level, and the possible consequences for wheat breeding strategies. As a first step to fill this gap, we analyzed the genetic relations of resistance to the three fungal diseases – powdery mildew (PM), septoria tritici blotch (STB), and tan spot (TS) – using a winter wheat multiparent advanced generation intercross population. Six, seven, and nine QTL for resistance to PM, STB, and TS, respectively, were genetically mapped. Additionally, 15 QTL were identified for the three agro-morphological traits plant height, ear emergence time, and leaf angle distribution. Our results suggest that resistance to STB and TS on chromosome 2B is conferred by the same genetic region. Furthermore, we identified two genetic regions on chromosome 1AS and 7AL, which are associated with all three diseases, but not always in a synchronal manner. Based on our results, we conclude that parallel marker-assisted breeding for resistance to the fungal diseases PM, STB, and TS appears feasible. Knowledge of the genetic co-localization of alleles with contrasting effects for different diseases, such as on chromosome 7AL, allows the trade-offs of selection of these regions to be better understood, and ultimately determined at the genic level.
Shaman elements in the Mari costume
Authors: Pavlova Anzhelika N.
Published: March 2019

Shamanism is known among various ethnic groups in Asia, Oceania and America, including the Ugric peoples of Siberia. The problem of Mari shamanism remains controversial to this day. It offers to look at it from the point of view of the preservation of shamanic elements in the traditional Mari costume.
The paper is based on ethnographic and archaeological sources, which are considered within interdisciplinary approach using the methods of historicism, semiotics, structural and functional analysis.
The Mari costume, developing over the centuries, has preserved the main symbolic dominants. The traditional Mari costume was a reflection of mythical cosmology, just like a shaman’s costume. In the symbolism of the Mari costume, one can also find ancient images of shamanic patron spirits.
The preservation of shaman elements in the Mari costume can be both a reflection of the archaic layer of Finno-Ugric mythology, and the result of contacts with the Ugric world.
Food Habits among Lactating Mother
Authors: Rajalakshmi Dr.S. , Kalaivani Dr.P.
Published: March 2019

.
The Causes and Consequences 0f Terrorism in the 21st Century: The Iraqi Case
Authors: HADI Amer Adil
Published: March 2019

This thesis outlines main causes and consequences of terrorism in the world and specifically in Iraq. The hypothesis of the thesis is that terrorism is the phenomenon that created a lot of impacts in Iraq. Global terrorism in the 21st century has become one of the biggest domestic and international challenges for Iraq. It summarizes transformation of terrorism and the impacts that mark how it is evolved. Terrorism can backfire to a certain level in the political aims of terrorist factions and also reduce the willingness to make territorial and political concessions by targeted population. The evidence of terrorism effectiveness is somehow sparse. The nature of terrorism is being manifested clearly in our everyday life based on the number of victims it claims. The term “terrorism” stated since during the French Revolution in 1789, by the new region to consolidate its powers and intimidate all opponents. Most of the members of the regime were equally strong patriots of the old monarchy. The term was totally of a different connotation and was associated with the purpose of maintaining justice and democracy against the old order which was perceived to be tyrannical and corrupt. Terrorism for decades has always been a method in which the weak could use to overcome the oppressive and powerful. The researcher of this thesis is trying to identify the main causes of this terrorism that has increase so rapidly around world, especially Iraq after a War on Terror was declared by US and UK. Additionally, this thesis outlines how Iraq and international community policy-makers have responded to the challenges in the region. Terrorism poses a significant threat to the security in open societies and it inflicts grave harm upon modern economies and civilians. Problems in Iraq can bring tremendous consequences for the broader "war on terror".
Influence of Home Environment on the Academic Performance of the Students in Some Selected Schools in Dekina Local Government Area in Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Anthonia Uloko
Published: March 2019

This study investigates empirically the influence of home environment on the academic performance of the students in some selected schools in Dekina Local Government Area in Kogi State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on Charles Darwin Social Theory and Theory of Parent Involvement. The researcher used mainly primary data from a sample of 120 respondents obtained by the use of a well-structured questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The probability value of the estimate was used for accepting and rejecting the hypotheses of the study. The result of the regression analysis indicates that a positive relationship exist between parents’ economic status (PES) and Students Academic  Performance (SAP) in selected schools in Dekina Local Government Kogi State, Nigeria and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). A positive relationship exist between parents educational background (PEB) and Students' Academic  Performance (SAP) in selected schools in Dekina Local Government Kogi State, Nigeria and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Parental marital style (PMS) was negatively related to Students' Academic Performance (SAP) in selected schools in Dekina Local Government Kogi State, Nigeria. Home location of parent (HLP) was positively related to Students' Academic  Performance (SAP) in selected schools in Dekina Local Government Kogi State, Nigeria and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. It was concluded that parents’ economic statuses, parental educational backgrounds, parental marital Styles, and home locations of parents all do have varying degrees of effects on the performance of students in the study area. It was recommended among others that illiterate parents should be encouraged to go to school, in that their literacy will enhance their children academic achievement in schools.
Revolution Industry 4.0 – The Vision of the Labor Market in Vietnam
Authors: Thang Do Hong
Published: March 2019

Industrial revolution 4.0 is expected to have tremendous impact for the labor market in the world/ASEAN in general and Vietnam in particular. This paper aims to provide a better understand of the industry revolution 4.0, its opportunities and challenges, as well as the direction to proactively seize opportunities to leverage the maximum advantage of the revolution 4.0. This revolution will bring many opportunities for development and integration, but also poses numerous challenges to developing countries like Vietnam.
INDEFERIMENTO DO AUXÍLIO-DOENÇA/ AUXÍLIO-ACIDENTÁRIO DO EMPREGADO CONSIDERADO INAPTO PELO MÉDICO DA EMPRESA
Authors: Kroth Joseane Da Silva , Almeida Almiro Eduardo de
Published: March 2019

O presente trabalho trata sobre a situação desumana a que o trabalhador é submetido quando há confronto entre a decisão da perícia médica do INSS e do médico do trabalho. Nesses casos, a autarquia previdenciária argumenta que o trabalhador já possui capacidade laborativa, enquanto o médico da empresa considera o trabalhador inapto para retornar às atividades laborativas. Aborda as consequências desta situação, tendo como principal a insegurança jurídica do trabalhador que, ao recorrer ao judiciário, permanece sem nenhuma fonte de renda até o momento da decisão judicial. O trabalho propõe três possíveis soluções para corrigir essa falha em nosso ordenamento jurídico: a competência da justiça do trabalho junto com a  responsabilização da empresa quando for o médico do trabalho que proferir laudo médico errôneo; a criação de uma nova hipótese de interrupção contratual; e a interpretação ampliada das hipótesesde interrupção. Além disso, ressalta que perícias médicas com melhor qualidade previne essa situação, sendo o melhor para todos os envolvidos. Por fim, fala sobre a responsabilidade médica e social do perito.
A PROVA TESTEMUNHAL NO PROCESSO PENAL: ANÁLISE DAS FALSAS MEMÓRIAS NO ESTUPRO DE VULNERÁVEL
Authors: Otto Gabriela Magnus , Silveira Felipe Lazzari da
Published: March 2019

O processo penal, como instrumento fundamental para a aplicação dodireito penal material e dimensionamento da pena, tem seus preceitoscalcados na aplicação de um sistema acusatório, com plena observânciados direitos das partes. Todavia, a realidade é que o processo penal pende mais para a utilização de um sistema inquisitório, e é através do modo de gestão da prova utilizado pelo julgador que se definirá a sistemática utilizada. O modelo de valoração das provas no processo penal brasileiro (livre convencimento motivado) é posto em questão, no presente trabalho, naqueles casos em que o processo dispõe apenas de prova testemunhal para apreciação do julgador. A fragilidade da memória, além da questão biológica temporal, será analisada sob o prisma da incidência do fenômeno das falsas memórias, em especial, e no seu maior campo de ocorrência, no caso do depoimento da criança vítima de estupro de vulnerável. Na busca por meios que controlem os prejuízos para o processo advindos de um depoimento danoso, que reforcem a segurança jurídica dos julgamentos, buscamos conhecer o projeto Depoimento Sem Dano que visa justamente a proteção dos infantes no âmbito judicial, bem como a redução de relatos inverídicos.
Lucas polynomial solution of nonlinear differential equations with variable delays
Authors: GÜMGÜM Sevin , BAYKUŞ SAVAŞANERİL Nurcan , KÜRKÇÜ Ömür Kıvanç , SEZER Mehmet
Published: March 2019

In this study, a novel matrix method based on Lucas series and collocation points has been used to solve nonlinear differential equations with variable delays. The application of the method converts the nonlinear equation to a matrix equation which corresponds to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations with unknown Lucas coefficients. The method is tested on three problems to show that it allows both analytical and approximate solutions.
Lise Öğrencilerinin Edebiyata İlişkin Metaforları
Authors: ESKİMEN Ayşe
Published: March 2019

Bu araştırma, lise öğrencilerinin edebiyata yönelik algılarını,
metaforlar yardımıyla ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Metafor ve eğitim
kavramları birbirleriyle ilişkilidir. Zira metafor ve metaforik düşünce, öğrencilerin
dünyayı anlamlandırma biçimlerini gösterme, onların edebiyat gibi soyut bir
kavrama yönelik düşüncelerini ve tutumlarını belirleyebilme yönleriyle
önemlidir. Buna yönelik olarak çalışmada, öğrencilerden edebiyata ilişkin
metafor üretmeleri ve “Edebiyat ….…. gibidir/benzer, çünkü; ………” şeklinde
oluşturulmuş cümleyi doldurmaları istenmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını,
Kütahya’da bir devlet okulunda eğitimlerine devam eden lise 9-12. sınıf
öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada olgu bilim deseni kullanılmıştır.
Verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi tekniğine yer verilmiş; metaforların
çözümlenmesi sürecinde eleme ve seçme, adlandırma, kategori
oluşturma/geliştirme, geçerlik ve güvenirliği sağlama aşamaları takip
edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle, 187 lise öğrencisinin
75 metafor ürettiği görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin en fazla metafor ürettikleri
kategorilerin 2. ve 5. kategoriler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin genel
olarak edebiyat hakkında olumlu metafor geliştirmiş olmaları da elde edilen
diğer bir başka bulgudur.
Example of two-path protocol v1
Authors: V Helena Cleyde
Published: March 2019

This is an example of a protocol that have a common first steps, then forks into two different ones.
The Role of Legal Translation in the Interpretation of International Law Documents
Authors: Farrokhi Mansour
Published: March 2019

In this paper, legal translation and its role in the interpretation of international law documents have been taken into consideration, both from a theoretical and a practical perspective. As far as theoretical aspects are concerned, legal translation in the light of civil law (Roman law) and common law systems, the status of legal translation in international law, the principles of plain language, and the equivalence of legal words are discussed. Accordingly, the interconnection between legal translation and interpretation of international law documents has been examined. As regards the practical perspective, the practice of the International Court of Justice, as well as applicable rules of the World Trade Organization and the European Union in respect of legal translation, has been discussed. The study carried out shows that due to the nature of international law and different foundations, goals, structures, sources and concepts of international legal order on the one hand, and divergent legal and cultural characteristics, as well as non-equivalent technical terms of various legal systems on the other, legal translators, who are inevitably influenced by their own national laws, are confronted with many profound difficulties.
Kelsen, the New Inverted Pyramid and the Classics of Constitutional Law
Authors: Riofrío Juan Carlos
Published: March 2019

The present study overhauls Hans Kelsen’s thesis of the traditional normative pyramid, in order to accommodate the most outstanding doctrinal contributions of the last century to it. For the purpose, the Essay proceeds as follows: (i) the shortcomings of the first version of the pyramid, found in Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law and on Adolf Merkl’s contributions, are detected; (ii) new key concepts of the Aristotelian-Thomistic metaphysics are introduced, this will allow us to upgrade the theory of the staggered legal system; (iii) unity and order of the legal system are briefly analyzed; (iv) a staggered legal pyramid is redesigned, with a gradual reduction of the juridical space; and finally, (v) the theories of Kelsen, Merkl, and several of the most influential doctrinarians of law (e.g., Jhering, Radbruch, Rorty, Ross, Kelsen, Holmes, Hägerström, Olivecrona, Hart, MacCormick, Dworkin, among others) are tested, to see if their ideas fit in the new theory.

This upgrade of the traditional theory arises from a significant shift in the philosophical basis. The first pyramid was elaborated by Kelsen and Merkl under the tenets of neoKantian metaphysics. On the other hand, the methodology and the basic ideas behind this study are those of the Aristotelian-Thomistic metaphysics. It moves from an idealistic metaphysics to a traditional realistic metaphysics, so neglected in recent centuries. The inverted pyramid theory, formulated here, is the product of many previous works. Many of them have been published in different international journals.
Problematic Issues of Protection of Rights and Legitimate Interests of Victims of Crime
Authors: Zheludkov M. A.
Published: March 2019

The relevance of the article is that in modern society, ensuring a full fight against crime involves including a solution to various problems in the implementation of the rights and legitimate interests of persons against whom the crime has been committed. For example, in the criminal procedure the rights and obligations of “persons involved in the proceedings when checking reports of a crime are explained under the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. Alongside it provides the possibility of exercising these rights to the extent that the procedural actions and procedural decisions affect their interests, including the right not to testify against themselves, their spouses and other close relatives, the range of whom is defined in para. 4 of art. 5 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. Such persons are provided with the right to use the services of a lawyer, as well as to bring complaints about actions (inaction) and decisions of the investigating officer, the head of division of inquiry, the chief of body of inquiry, the investigator, the head of investigative body in the order established by Chapter 16 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation”. Still this sound rule lacks referencing to certain subjects defined in the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. This leads to the fact that legal guarantees for persons who have not received the status of a participant in criminal proceedings remain declarative. The analysis of criminal cases revealed many inaccuracies, legislative gaps and contradictions, which play an important role in the fact that individuals or legal entities in respect of whom the crime has been committed do not have procedural rights to protect their interests within the period up to 30 days. The article aims to develop a mechanism for their protection from the moment of registration of a crime report by law enforcement agencies, taking into account a certain amount of knowledge on the activities of persons who were involved in the criminal process.
Content and Characteristics of a Cross-Border Construction Contract
Authors: Goddard I. A.
Published: March 2019

The paper deals with the problems of legal regulation of relations arising due to a cross-border construction contract. The author substantiates the presence of the characteristics distinguishing a cross-border construction contract from the related private law agreements. Based on the results of the legal doctrine and arbitration practice study the author identifies a number of new features.

The most important aspects disclosed by the author in the paper concern the theoretical and practical aspects of determining the content of the characteristics of a cross-border construction contract, distinguishing it from other private law contracts.

The author makes a conclusion on the formation of new constitutive features of a cross-border construction contract and the possibility of assigning a cross-border construction contract to a separate, independent type of sui generis contracts.
Improvement of criminal laws in the field of combating corruption
Authors: Golubykh N. V. , Lepikhin M. O.
Published: March 2019

The article scrutinizes the current legislation aimed at combating corruption. Special attention is paid to crimes the number of which among corruption-related crimes is overwhelming. These include, in particular, Art. 290 “Bribe-taking”, 291 “Bribe-giving”, 204 “Commercial bribery” of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. Also, attention is paid to relatively new offences providing for liability for crimes of corruption, namely: Article 291.1 “Bribery facilitation,” 291.2 “Petty bribery,” 204.1”Commercial bribery facilitation” and 204.2” Petty commercial bribery “ of the Criminal Code. The paper analyzes international instruments governing the fight against corruption, especially the United Nations Convention Against Corruption. Based on the analysis of the above norms, the authors argue the need to amend the current legislation, inter alia, in order to bring it in line with international instruments.
Politics, Music and Social Mobilization in Africa: The Nigeria Narrative and Extant Tendencies
Authors: Okeke Remi Chukwudi
Published: March 2019

The impact of music on politics in Africa has seemingly remained dominant. But the overall sway of the African political processes has also become bewildering. The panacea to the disconcerting results of these political procedures in Africa is the adequate levels of social mobilization, while music ostensibly mobilizes massively. This chapter thus examines the linkages among politics, music and social mobilization in Nigeria (the most populous African country). Framed on the hypothesis that the relationship among politics, music and social mobilization in Nigeria (Africa) is now downbeat and using the elite theoretical and the political economy frameworks of analyses, the authors study the intervening factors responsible for the observed gloom in what had amounted to progressive relationships among politics, music and social mobilization in Nigeria and the wider continent. The research setting is qualitative. The chapter delves into its premises through the historical and descriptive research methodologies and logical argumentation.
A comparative evaluation of structured and unstructured forms of viva voce for internal assessment of undergraduate students in Pharmacology
Authors: Khakhkhar Tejas M. , Khuteta Neelesh , Khilnani Gurudas
Published: March 2019

Background: The study was designed to identify value of structured viva (SV) as an assessment tool, to ascertain its correlation with unstructured viva (UV) and to find relationship between viva and theory examination results.Methods: This prospective and observational study was conducted on a total of 135 students of the 2nd professional MBBS. All students faced two viva sessions (SV and UV), each of 10 marks on same topics in general pharmacology and autonomic nervous system. Time limit per student was 10 minutes. SV was conducted on pre-validated, standardized cards (n=40) with 5 questions in each card and 0.5 marks of each question. By draw of lots to be performed by students themselves, each student was given 4 cards. One week prior to the viva, the theory examination of 40 marks on same topics was conducted.Results: The mean marks of all students in SV (3.46±1.44) were significantly lower (P <0.0001) than those of UV (4.61±2.02). There was significant less deviation of mean marks in all groups of SV (P <0.05). The mean percentage marks of SV (34.63±14.37%) had similarities with results of theory examination (34.67±10.49%) (P=0.9720), while the difference between mean percentage marks of UV (46.15±20.19%) and theory was statistically highly significant (P <0.0001).Conclusions: SV increases objectivity and reduces subjectivity as compared to UV because of similar pattern of questions, difficulty levels and standardised scoring system. SV provides an opportunity to measure how well students can apply knowledge. Thus, SV can be used for formative and summative assessment.
Evaluation of antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia grandis in indomethacin induced gastric ulcer model
Authors: Datchanamurthy Barathane , D. Mythireyi , M. Dhivyashanthi C.
Published: March 2019

Background: Gastric mucosal ulceration is the most common adverse effect with NSAIDS. Antacids, H2 blockers and PPIs are considered novel in treating ulcers but are not devoid of side effects. Hence, there a need for a drug which is effective against NSAID induced ulcers with no side effects. Coccinia grandis plant is traditionally used for the treatment of gastric/peptic ulcers. Hence, this study has been undertaken to scientifically validate the antiulcer activity of Coccinia grandis leaves against indomethacin induced gastric ulcer model.Methods: Following preparation of the extract, 24 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups with 6 rats in each group (n=6). Group 1 received 1% CMC, group 2 received 1% CMC +indomethacin 40 mg/kg, group 3 received ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia grandis 200 mg/kg +indomethacin 40 mg/kg and group 4 received omeprazole (2 mg/kg) +indomethzacin 40 mg/kg for 7 days. Calculation of ulcer score was done using ulcer index and percentage protection.Results: The ulcer index score (2.12±0.21) and percentage protection (69.71%) was comparable with the standard drug (1.76±0.11, 74.85%) respectively.Conclusions: The ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia grandis showed significant antiulcer activity against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the exact mechanism of antiulcer activity.
A study of adverse drug reaction profile of tuberculosis patients attending DOTS center at Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar memorial hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Rao Anand , Ahmed Tabish , Khan Tanveer A. , Chandel N. B. , Mishra Chandresh
Published: March 2019

Background: Tuberculosis is second leading cause of death in the world. The causative organism is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The objective was to study the adverse reactions of the patients attending the DOTS center and to assess their causality and severity of reported ADRs.Methods: Present study was a prospective observational study carried at the DOTS center of Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India between August 2011 to July 2012 (One year). The patients were monitored for adverse drug reactions. The assessment of ADRs were based upon the WHO assessment scale, Naranjo scale, European A.B.O scale.Results: Total number of patients attending DOTS center was 816. The number of males (428) exceeded that of females (388). Majority of patients in this study belonged to 21-30 years (26.96%) next 31-40 years (25.24%) and 41-50 years (16.5%) of age group. Prevalence of ADRs were more in males (57%) than in females 32 (43%). Majority of ADRs reported were moderate 33 (35.22%) followed by 29 (46,77%) were mild, no severe ADRs reported. According to severity of ADRs seen were gastritis 28 (45%) followed by 10 (16% ) rashes , 10 (16,12%) of arthralgia, 3 (4.83%) of hepatitis, 6 (9.7%) of peripheral neuropathy, 2 (3%) onsets of ADRs after starting anti-tubercular drug were 12 (19.35%) in 0-1 week followed by 19 (30%) ADRs showed onset in 1-2 week and 2-3 week, 8 (13%) in 3-4 week 3 (5%) in 4-5 week and 1 (2%) in 5-6 week.Conclusions: The casual link between the ADRs and the suspected anti-tubercular drug by Naranjo scale definitely relationship was established between the anti-tubercular drug and ADRs in 7 (11.25%) patient while 22 (35.45%) probable and 33 (53.22%) ADRs were categorized as possible.
Efficacy and safety of bromocriptine quick release as an add on therapy with metformin and glipizide in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: an open label randomized controlled study
Authors: M. Nithyapriya , Purushotaman S.
Published: March 2019

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder, treated by insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA). Despite treatment, to protect diabetic population from its complications is difficult. So, there is a need for an OHA with different mechanism of action and minimal side effects. Bromocriptine Mesylate QR (Quick release) formulation was approved by FDA for treatment of type 2 DM. Hence, this study was planned to highlight the usefulness of Bromocriptine QR in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: Total 140 patients with type 2 DM were randomized into two groups. The control group was treated with Metformin 500 mg BD (twice daily) and Glipizide 5 mg BD for a period of 3 months. The study group received Bromocriptine quick release 1.6 mg once daily, metformin 500 mg BD and Glipizide 5 mg BD for a period of 3 months. In both control and study groups, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose was monitored at 0, 1st, 2nd and 3rd month. HbA1C was done at baseline and at the end of 3 months.Results: There was statistically significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose and HbA1C when compared to baseline in both control group (p <0.05) and study group (p <0.05) at the end of 3 months. But the decrease in FBS, PPBS, HbA1C was higher in the study group (p=0.0001) than the control group (p=0.001).Conclusions: In type 2 DM patients, Bromocriptine QR, combined with metformin and Glipizide reduced fasting and postprandial blood glucose and HbA1C significantly compared to metformin and glipizide alone.
Evaluation and comparison of the hepatoprotective effects of trimetazidine and lovastatin against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Sikandar Abeera , Farhat Kulsoom , Hamza Amir
Published: March 2019

Background: The dosage of highly efficacious anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is often constrained as limited data exists on its hepatotoxic potential. The present study not only evaluated the extent of its hepatotoxicity but also aimed at curtailing it, by administration of two drugs i.e. trimetazidine and lovastatin, both of which are otherwise known for their cardioprotective benefits.Methods: The study was a lab-based randomized controlled study on mice. Acute toxicity was introduced with DOX injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg and it was protected by oral administration of trimetazidine and lovastatin, both in a dose of 10 mg/kg. The protective drugs were both given for five and ten consecutive days in short and long term study designs whereby DOX was administered on the third and eighth days of the respective studies.Results: Doxorubicin administration caused significant hepatotoxicity reflected by markedly raised biomarkers (serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) and mild inflammation of liver parenchyma with a score of 4 as per Ishak grading scale. The changes were significantly attenuated by both the protective drugs in the ten days study design. However, in the five days study, lovastatin exhibited more significant hepatoprotection than trimetazidine.Conclusions: Pretreatment with two commonly available, cost effective and safe drugs can effectively prevent a potentially life-threatening adverse effect of DOX. This approach might prove very convenient for the health care providers as well as for the patients without burdening the economics.
Drug utilization study and adverse drug reactions of oral anti diabetics among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mogali Sahana M. , Bhushan Aruna , Ratnakar Jagadishchandra S.
Published: March 2019

Background: The aim was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern of oral antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients and monitor adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with oral antidiabetic drugs.Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out by collecting the data of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting outpatient department of noncommunicable disease clinic of a tertiary care hospital for a period of one year. The data of demographic, drug utilization pattern and adverse drug reactions of patients on oral antidiabetic drugs was collected and entered in a proforma.Results: Total number of patients in this study were 39 out of which 21 (53.85%) patients were females and 18 (46.15%) patients were males. Majority of patients were in the age group 51-70 years (66.6%). Metformin was the most commonly prescribed drug 76.9% followed by Glibenclamide 17.9%. About 7.7% of patients who were taking oral antidiabetic drugs later switched over to insulin as their blood glucose levels were not controlled. Out of 18 (46.15%) patients, hypertension (38.5%) was the most common comorbid condition and a concomitant drug was prescribed was amlodipine 25.6%. Among all the adverse drug reactions observed, diarrhoea was the most common adverse drug reaction reported 76.9%.Conclusions: Metformin was the most commonly used oral antidiabetic drug. Diarrhoea was the common adverse drug reaction reported.
Adverse effects of topiramate in patients with epilepsy in a tertiary care hospital: observational study
Authors: P. Subahan S. , M. Kulandaiammal , S. Arunan
Published: March 2019

Background: Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by paroxysmal cerebral dysrhythmia. Conventional antiepileptic drugs such as Phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbitone and sodium valproate, have been proven to have good therapeutic effects. There are currently more than 10 different adjuvants which are approved for use in epileptics. Topiramate, a second-generation antiepileptic drug, is being used for several types of partial-onset and generalized-onset seizures. Effective treatment of epilepsy depends on medication compliance. The incidence of adverse effects is an important issue when antiepileptic drugs are prescribed to treat epilepsy. This study was done in Department of Neurology to observe the adverse effects of Topiramate in patients with epilepsy in a Tertiary care hospital.Methods: For this study 100 patients receiving topiramate as an adjuvant drug along with regular anti epileptic drugs were enrolled in the study for prescheduled three months. Data of the patients were collected.Results: In this study we observed that paresthesia (31%) was the commonly noted adverse effect followed by cognitive impairment (24%), sleepiness (19%), nausea (13%), anorexia (9%) and weight loss (4%).Conclusions: Topiramate is a potent antiepileptic drug effective against most seizure types and has relatively favourable pharmacokinetic profile. It is appropriate for initial monotherapy as well as for adjuvant therapy in refractory patients. The major problem limiting its use is the frequent occurrence of cognitive adverse effects, especially expressive language dysfunction, which are reversible upon discontinuation of the medication.
To study the prescription pattern of antibiotics in medicine intensive care unit at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Naikwadi Imran B. , Baig Shiraz Mirza , Bhattacharya Meenakshi
Published: March 2019

Background: Drug utilization studies are crucial and create a positive awareness about proper use of drugs. Analysing the pattern of prescriptions is important in the settings of intensive care units where patients receive multiple antibiotics. The objective of this study was to analyse the use of antibiotics in a Medicine Intensive Care Unit (MICU) of Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, a tertiary health care centre.Methods: Total 988 number of patients admitted in MICU from January 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled in the study and fulfilling inclusion criteria. Demographic details, disease state and prescription of antibiotic was recorded.Results: Out of 988, n=700 patients received antibiotics. Most common diseases for which patients were admitted in MICU included OP poisoning (24.86%), snake bite (15.14%), bilateral pneumonitis (12.71%), HELLP syndrome (12.14%), and the least common conditions were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), meningitis, sepsis with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), Guillen barre syndrome (GBS), lung abscess etc., Most common single antibiotic used in the studied cases was ceftriaxone (21.42%) followed by either alone or in combination piperacillin and tazobactam (12.04%), metronidazole (11.85%) etc.Conclusions: Total 700 patients received systemic antibiotics in present study bringing the incidence of systemic antibiotics use in MICU to be 70.85%. Ceftriaxone and combination of piperacillin and tazobactam are most commonly used antibiotics in MICU of the hospital. All patients admitted in this MICU received antibiotics as per the standard protocols of the hospital.
A questionnaire-based comparison of conventional teaching methods to computer assisted learning in experimental pharmacology for undergraduate medical students
Authors: Tiwari Ravi Kant , Gupta Sandeep K. , Goel R. K.
Published: March 2019

Background: Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) for teaching experimental pharmacology is now widely accepted as alternative to animal experiments. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of undergraduate medical students by conventional teaching methods (lecture and discussion) and CAL.Methods: This was a questionnaire based observational study involving 109 MBBS students of fifth semester. The students were taught experimental pharmacology practical by both conventional methods (lecture with discussion) and computer assisted learning (CAL). Questionnaire and their filled responses by these students were taken at the end of lecture-discussion (pre-CAL) and after the CAL experiments (post-CAL), covering the same topics of experimental pharmacology. Pre-CAL and post-CAL data were assessed statistically.Results: In the pre-CAL session, only 53.39%, 47.56%, 53.39% and 49.5% of the students were having the scores above 40% in the rabbit eye, DRC and potentiation, frog heart and dog BP experiment respectively, which was increased to 77.44%, 75.48%, 75.47% and 75.48% of the students respectively in the post-CAL assessment. A statistically significant difference (p <0.05) in the performance was observed among the students in the pre-CAL and post-CAL assessment.Conclusions: CAL is a good alternative to animal experimentation. Lecture with discussion, followed by CAL experiments on the same topics, enhanced the performance of students as shown by improvement in post-CAL scores.
Clinical challenges with excipients in insulin formulations and role of concentrated insulin
Authors: Modi K. D. , Gadge Pradeep V. , Jain Pradeep , Pawar Sudhir , Shah Ruchi D. , Ingole Shahu A. , Jain Rishi
Published: March 2019

Most of the insulin formulations in clinical use contain phenol, meta-cresol or both as excipients. These excipients in insulin preparations provide stability and have antimicrobial properties. However, they are reported to be associated with undesirable side-effects especially localised allergic reactions. Amount of excipients injected per unit dose of insulin is a major determining factor in causation of these reactions. This review discusses the excipients in different insulin formulations available in India with potential of precipitating undesirable effects and the use of concentrated insulins to reduce these complications. To avoid the detrimental effects associated with excipients, removal of preservatives or use of insulin preparations devoid of excipients can be an option. Besides these approaches, one approach that can be considered is the use of concentrated insulin to reduce the volume of insulin dose and thereby the excipients. Concentrated insulins address the high insulin requirements of the growing population of patients with type 2 diabetes who require higher insulin doses. Concentrated insulins help in reduction of dose volume as well as amount of excipients injected per unit dose of insulin. U200 (concentrated r-DNA Human Insulin Premix 30/70-200 IU/ml) can be advantageous with better absorption from smaller quantity injected, lesser variability in absorption, lesser pain and discomfort due to smaller quantity, lesser chances of hypoglycaemia all of which can lead to better patient compliance. Thus, concentrated insulin U200 can be one of the alternatives to prevent/reduce clinical complications with excipients in insulins.
Clinicopathological study and management of benign biliary stricture
Authors: Paul Sailendra Nath , Das Dilip Kumar
Published: March 2019

Background: A stricture of the biliary tract can be one of the most difficult challenges that a surgeon can face. If unrecognized or managed improperly life threatening complications may develop. The goal of this study is to describe the most appropriate management for benign biliary stricture.Methods: This was a prospective study done on 29 patients diagnosed with benign biliary stricture. Complete biochemical profile, USG-whole abdomen, and other radiological investigations were done to evaluate the detailed etiological condition of the patient. Appropriate surgical intervention was implemented in the patients. Related complications and clinical outcome was observed during the follow up period of 2 years.Results: Mean age of the study population was 45 years (ranging from 22-62 years). Female preponderance was seen in the study. USG of abdomen was done in all the patients (100%). Overall complications were observed in 15 patients.Conclusions: Benign biliary strictures occur more often in women. Complications and clinical outcome depends on the time of diagnosis, matured clinical judgment and appropriate surgical intervention. Hepaticojejunostomy (HJJ) was the common surgical procedure adopted in in 23 patients.
Role of serum albumin and body mass index in the outcome of major elective abdominal surgery
Authors: Lohe Yepeto , V. Sreejith , Sharma Raghvendra , Lombi Nyage , M. Harish , G. Ankon , Sorhie Viketoulie Samuel , Chader Lakhi , Devi Ranita
Published: March 2019

Background: The prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition in surgical patients is high, ranging from 10% to 54%. The correct assessment of the nutritional studies of such patients is crucial since malnutrition is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. There is a substantial evidence to show that patients who have signs of malnutrition have a higher risk of complications and an increased risk of death in comparison with patients who have adequate nutritional reserves.Methods: 150 patients were selected for the study. All the collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel sheet. It was then transferred to SPSS ver. 21 software for statistical analysis. Quantitative data was compared by using student’s t-test and chi-square test, qualitative data compared using frequency, standard deviation and percentage. P<0.05 considered as significant.Results: The mean serum albumin was found to be 3.7 gm%±0.3. There was increase rate of complication and duration of hospital stay in those patients with serum albumin <3.5 gm% and BMI>25 kg/m2 and wound infection was found to be the most common complication among these patients.Conclusions: Majority of patients had serum albumin >3.5 gm/dl and more complications were seen with serum albumin <3.5 gm/dl which was statistically significant (p=0.01). Serum albumin is a good prognostic indicator because of its ability to detect protein energy malnutrition.
The validity and utility of combining ultrasonography with different clinical scores in diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Agarwal Ritika , Agarwal Abhinav , Kumar Ashvini , Kumar Mukesh
Published: March 2019

Background: There are no controlled studies combining the use of either of the scores- Modified Alvarado, RIPASA or AIRS with ultrasonography. This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the existent clinical scoring systems in combination with ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in our patients.Methods: All patients with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis and who underwent emergency appendectomy were included in the study. A detailed history of presenting illness was elicited and clinical examination, relevant blood investigations and abdominal ultrasonography were done. All patients were scored according to MAS, RIPASA and AIRS. Histopathology was taken as the gold standard.Results: The study included 118 patients. From our study population, 107 had acute appendicitis on histopathology. There was no statistically significant difference between the accuracy of MAS and RIPASA and both were equally good in diagnosing acute appendicitis as far as the diagnostic accuracy is concerned. Combined MAS, Combined RIPASA and Combined AIRS were obtained after combining ultrasonography findings with MAS, RIPASA score and AIRS respectively. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for Combined MAS were 96.6%, 99.1%, 72.7%, 97.2% and 88.9% respectively, for combined RIPASA were 95.8%, 99.1%, 63.6%, 96.4% and 87.5% respectively and for combined AIRS was 96.6%, 99.1%,72.7%, 97.2%, 88.9% respectively.Conclusions: If ultrasonography is used in conjunction with current clinical scoring systems then the diagnostic accuracy is enhanced. Therefore, USG should be done in all cases being evaluated for acute appendicitis; irrespective of the score being used.
Welcome to Issue 2 of Scene
Authors: Quarmby Kevin
Published: March 2019

Welcome to Issue 2 of Scene
Titus Andronicus, New York Shakespeare Exchange at the HERE Performing Arts Center, January 28 2015
Authors: Hollis Gavin
Published: March 2019

testing DOIs
test
Authors: Test Test
Published: March 2019

test
On the Analytical Approach to the Selection of a Centroid in a Flat Gearing
Authors: Ioffe M.L.
Published: March 2019

The theory of gearing, and kinematics in particular, has a long history, in which the names of great mathematicians such as Euler, Huygens, Chebyshev are inscribed. This theory is described in detail in many works, yet insufficient attention is paid to the simply formulated, but difficult to solve problem of selecting equations of curves describing centroids in a flat gearing, in which motion is transmitted with a constant ratio of angular velocities. The existing methods for analyzing the flat gearing are based on the premise about the existence of a center of engagement, the point at which the velocities of the links are equal, and through which the common normal of the centroid passes, that is, on the Willis theorem. This work is based on the assertion that the projections of the velocities of the common point on the common normal are the same. The paper presents the derivation of equations that the equations of curves must satisfy in order to fulfil the condition of constancy of the angular velocities. In general, it is necessary that three unknown functions satisfy four constraints: both curves have a common point (two restrictions), the normals to the curves are parallel at this point, the projections of velocities of the common point on the normal are identical and determined by the angular velocities of the links. As an example, the most common forms of curves are considered: the involute, the epicycloid, and the hypocycloid. It is shown that for the involute all the constraints are satisfied, while the transmission of rotation with a constant gear ratio is impossible when using the epicycloid and the hypocycloid. A variant is considered where the form of only one curve is given, and the form of the second curve is calculated proceeding from the condition of constancy of the gear ratio. As an example, equations are derived where the hypocycloid and the straight line are chosen as the first curve.
The Results of Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Liquid-Gas Flow with Constant and Real Thermodynamics Properties of the Liquid in a Shock-Jet Nozzle
Authors: Khlopov A.D. , Frantsuzov M.S.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, the outflow of liquid in the coflowing airstream from a shock-jet nozzle is examined using a commercial software package with varying initial and boundary conditions. Gas-dynamic characteristics and distribution fields for pressure, velocity, temperature and volume fraction of the two-phase flow are obtained. The influence of thermophysical properties of the liquid on the process of jet dispersion is determined. The results of simulation of the liquid outflow from the shock-jet nozzle at constant and real (temperature dependent) thermophysical properties of the liquid phase are compared. The qualitative and quantitative influence of the input pressure in the nozzle on the jet dispersion process is determined. As a result of a series of calculations, the minimum required characteristics of temporal and spatial resolution for the correct solution of the problem are identified. It is established that the volume content of the liquid phase is higher with real thermophysical properties compared to the constant ones.