bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the length of pleural tag to predetermine pleural invasion by lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Chen Yingdong , Huang Qianwen , Lin Zeyang , Guo Xiaoxi , Liao Yiting , Li Zhe , Li Anqi
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Pleural contact is present when the underlying pathology of the pleural tag (PT) involves the pleura. This study aimed to preoperatively predict PI by lung adenocarcinomas (ACCs) with PT, exploring CT imaging parameters indicative of PT consisting of pleura and tumor invasiveness.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective study included 84 consecutive patients diagnosed with solid ACCs with PT, who underwent resection at our hospital between May 2019 and July 2023. CT imaging parameters analyzed included: LPT (the length of PT), defined as the shortest distance from the tumor edge to the retracted pleura. Patients were divided into PI -ve group and PI +ve group according to PI status. Regression analyses were used to determine predictive factors for PI.

Results

The study evaluated 84 patients (mean age, 62.0 ± 13.8 years; 45 females) pathologically diagnosed with ACCs with PT on CT. Multivariate regression analysis identified tumor size (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.09-1.29, p = 0.000), LPT (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.91, p = 0.03) and multiple PTs to multiple types of pleura (OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.13-11.20, p = 0.03) as independent predictors for PI. The combination of these CT features improved the predictive performance for preoperatively identifying PI, achieving high specificity and moderate accuracy. The sensitivity of predicting PI with only LPT < 3 mm was 96.9%.

Conclusion

This study determined that LPT is effective for predetermining PI in ACCs with PT.
Longitudinal detection of somatic mutations in the saliva of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma–affected patients: a pilot study
Authors: Dal Secco Chiara , Tel Alessandro , Allegri Lorenzo , Baldan Federica , Curcio Francesco , Sembronio Salvatore , Faletra Flavio , Robiony Massimo , Damante Giuseppe , Mio Catia
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Liquid biopsy is gaining momentum for diagnosis and surveillance of cancer patients. Indeed, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is burdened with poor prognosis and high recurrence rates after treatment. It is therefore crucial to be able to detect minimal residual disease early after radical treatment or relapse, so surgery can be performed when the disease is still resectable. In this scenario, aim of this study is to create a liquid biopsy-based pipeline able to detect somatic tumor mutations in a cohort of HNSCC-affected patients undergoing follow-up after surgical intervention.

Methods

Our cohort included 17 patients diagnosed with HNSCC over 4 years. The first saliva sample was collected before surgery while the rest were collected during the subsequent visits, according to the follow-up schedule. Salivary DNA (sDNA) was extracted, and a 52-gene next generation sequencing (NGS)-based panel was used for somatic variants detection.

Results

41.2% of samples collected before surgery bore a deleterious variant (n=7/17). Overall, 29.2% of samples harbored at least a pathogenic variant (n=21/72). The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (80%), FBXW7 (8%), PDGFRA (4%) and PTEN (4%). Finally, three patients experienced a loco-regional relapse by clinical evaluations, anticipated in 67% of cases by the molecular one (n=2/3).

Discussion

Our data indicate that sDNA could aid in the monitoring of patients’ follow-up as low-frequency somatic mutations could be assessed from the saliva of HNSCC patients. Prospectively, these results suggest that salivary-based liquid biopsy might pave the way for personalized molecular therapies based on mutational data.
Fever management in children and insights into fever of unknown origin: a survey among Italian pediatricians
Authors: Chiappini Elena , Orlandi Michela , Chiarugi Alberto , Di Mauro Antonio , Insalaco Antonella , Milani Gregorio Paolo , Vallini Monica , Lo Vecchio Andrea
Published: November 2024

Background

Fever is a common symptom in children, but despite existing guidelines, pediatricians may not fully apply recommendations. Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) is generally referred to as an unexplained prolonged fever. However, a standardized FUO definition and management is missing.

Objective

To collect updated data on the approach to fever and FUO among Italian pediatricians.

Methods

A cross-sectional anonymous survey was conducted among a large sample of primary care and hospital pediatricians. The panel group formulated and proposed a practical FUO definition, using a modified Delphi approach. A 75% consensus was required to reach an agreement.

Results

Among 620 respondents, paracetamol was the first-choice antipyretic for 97.7% of participants, followed by ibuprofen; 38.4% prescribed antipyretics based on a specific body temperature rather than on child's discomfort, while physical methods were almost completely abandoned. Alternate treatment was recommended by 19.8% (123/620) of participants, 16.9% (105/620) would prescribe antipyretics to prevent adverse events following immunization. Regarding FUO diagnosis, 58.3% (362/620) considered as cut-off a body temperature above 38°C; the duration required was one week according to 36.45% (226/620) of participants, two weeks according to 35.32% (219/620). The FUO definition proposed by the expert panel reached 81% of consent. Large agreement was observed on first-level laboratory and instrumental investigations in the diagnostic evaluation of FUO, whereas more discrepancies arose on second and third-level investigations. Compared to what participants reported for the treatment of non-prolonged fever, a significant decrease in the prescription of paracetamol as first-choice drug in children with FUO was observed (80.5%; P < 0.0001). Interestingly, 39% of participants would empirically recommend antibiotics, 13.7% steroids, and 4.5% Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) for persistent FUO.

Conclusion

Non-recommended behaviors in fever management persist among pediatricians, including alternating use of paracetamol and ibuprofen, and their prophylactic use for vaccinations. Our data confirm the variability in the definition, work-up, and management of FUO. We observed that in children with FUO paracetamol was significantly less commonly preferred than in non-prolonged fever, which is not supported by evidence. Our findings combined with evidence from existing literature underlined the need for future consensus documents.
Association of recent antibiotic exposure and coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease: nationwide study
Authors: Ansai Hideto , Yamada Masaki , Masuda Hiroshi , Imadome Ken-Ichi , Yashiro Mayumi , Noval Rivas Magali , Arditi Moshe , Nakamura Yosikazu , Abe Jun
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To investigate the relationship between recent antibiotic exposure and the development of coronary artery lesions (CALs) during the clinical course of Kawasaki disease (KD).

Design

Data were obtained from the 25th nationwide epidemiological survey of KD conducted in Japan from 2017 to 2018. Baseline characteristics and clinical course were compared between Antibiotics (+) and Antibiotics (–) groups.

Setting

Nationwide survey of KD in Japan.

Participants

KD patients were enrolled by response to a questionnaire sent to physicians working in pediatrics at hospitals with >100 beds.

Exposure

Antibiotic exposure within one week before the first hospital visit as KD patients.

Main outcome measures

The relationship between recent antibiotic exposure and the development of coronary artery lesions (CALs).

Results

Out of 28,265 KD patients, 12,918 (45.7%) received antibiotics. In KD patients who received antibiotics in the week before KD diagnosis, the frequency of coronary artery lesions (CALs) at each phase were significantly higher compared to those who did not receive antibiotics. In further analysis using propensity score matching, recent antibiotic exposure and the initial IVIG resistance were associated with CALs at the acute and the sequelae phase. After adjusting for the status of initial IVIG resistance, recent antibiotic exposure remained associated with CALs during the acute phase (adjusted OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.16, 1.43) and the sequelae phase (1.26, 95%CI 1.04, 1.52).

Conclusions

These observations suggest that recent antibiotic exposure might be associated with higher frequency of CAL development in KD patients, possibly by altering the gut microbiota and diminishing beneficial bacteria.
Transcriptome analysis revealed the genes and major pathways involved in prunetrin treated hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Abusaliya Abuyaseer , Kim Hun Hwan , Vetrivel Preethi , Bhosale Pritam Bhagwan , Jeong Se Hyo , Park Min Yeong , Lee Si Joon , Kim Gon Sup
Published: November 2024

Liver cancer represents a complex and severe ailment that poses tough challenges to global healthcare. Transcriptome sequencing plays a crucial role in enhancing our understanding of cancer biology and accelerating the development of more effective methods for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In the course of our current investigation, we identified a total of 1,149 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), encompassing 499 upregulated and 650 downregulated genes, subsequent to prunetrin (PUR) treatment. Our methodology encompassed gene and pathway enrichment analysis, functional annotation, KEGG pathway assessments, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of the DEGs. The preeminent genes within the DEGs were found to be associated with apoptotic processes, cell cycle regulation, the PI3k/Akt pathway, the MAPK pathway, and the mTOR pathway. Furthermore, key apoptotic-related genes exhibited close interconnections and cluster analysis found three interacting hub genes namely, TP53, TGFB1 and CASP8. Validation of these genes was achieved through GEPIA and western blotting. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the functional landscape of liver cancer-related genes, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms driving disease progression and highlighting potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
D-mannose reduces oxidative stress, inhibits inflammation, and increases treg cell proportions in mice with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Lu Yuqing , Xiong Yongjian , Zhang Shuangshuang , Wang Boya , Feng Yuntao , Pu Zhuonan , Wei Kun , Chen Jun , Chen Dapeng , Zhang Peng
Published: November 2024

Background

Regulatory T (Treg) cells is required to dampen immune responses against intestinal microbiota, which aid in a healthy body to promise that the resident gut microbiota should not attract the attention of the immune system. Inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be induced if the immune system fails to ignore the resident gut microbiota and targets them instead. D-mannose, a common monosaccharide in nature, has been shown to ameliorate multiple autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of D-mannose on mice ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

To simulate human IBD, we constructed a mouse model of UC by injecting TNBS into the colon.

Results

Our results demonstrated that D-mannose treatment effectively alleviated TNBS-induced UC in mice, as evidenced by the amelioration of UC symptoms. D-mannose treatment significantly reduced inflammation by decreasing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammation mediators. D-mannose treatment also significantly inhibited oxidative stress, promoted the expression of GSH and SOD, decreased the expression of MDA. Mechanistically, D-mannose upregulated the proportion of both CD4(+) Tregs and CD8(+) Tregs.

Conclusion

In summary, our study provides the first evidence of the therapeutic effect of D-mannose on mice with UC, which is likely mediated by upregulating Treg proportions.
Hypoxia-induced PD-L1 expression and modulation of muscle stem cell allograft rejection
Authors: Raiten Jacob , Abd Genevieve M. , Handelsman Shane B. , Patel Harshank V. , Ku Jennifer C. , Parsons Agata M. , Wassink Jonathan L. , Hayes Sheridan L. , Overbay Juliana , Li Yong
Published: November 2024

Stem cell therapy has shown immense promise in treating genetic disorders, particularly muscular diseases like Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This study investigates a novel method to enhance the viability of stem cell transplants in DMD by upregulating Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in muscle stem cells (MuSCs) through preconditioning with hypoxia and/or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to mitigate T cell immune rejection. MuSCs were treated with 5% hypoxia for 72 h and further treated with IFN-γ to enhance PD-L1 expression. Additionally, gain and loss experiments using a PD-L1 inhibitor (BMS-1) were conducted to investigate cellular expression profiles in vitro and cell transplantation outcomes in vivo. Our results showed significant upregulation of PD-L1 in MuSCs under hypoxia and IFN-γ conditions without affecting cellular proliferation and differentiation in vitro. In vivo, these preconditioned MuSCs led to decreased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in implanted limb muscles of mouse models. Blocking PD-L1 reduced graft survival in muscles treated with MuSCs. Conversely, increased PD-L1 expression and reduced T cell infiltration correlated with improved graft survival, as identified by pre-labeled LacZ + MuSCs following transplantation. This study provides evidence that hypoxia and IFN-γ preconditioning of MuSCs can significantly enhance the efficacy of cell therapy for DMD by mitigating immune rejection. Our strategic approach aimed to improve donor cell survival and function post-transplantation by modifying immune responses towards the donor cells.
Advances of curcumin in nervous system diseases: the effect of regulating oxidative stress and clinical studies
Authors: Wei Yuxun , Li Hong , Li Yue , Zeng Yue , Quan Tian , Leng Yanen , Chang En , Bai Yingtao , Bian Yuan , Hou Yi
Published: November 2024

In recent years, researchers have highly observed that neurological disorders (NSDs) with the aging of the population are a global health burden whose prevalence is increasing every year. Previous evidence suggested that the occurrence of neurological disorders is correlated with predisposing factors such as inflammation, aging, and injury. Particularly, the neuronal cells are susceptible to oxidative stress, leading to lesions caused by high oxygen-consuming properties. Oxidative stress (OS) is a state of peroxidation, which occurs as a result of the disruption of the balance between oxidizing and antioxidizing substances. The oxidative intermediates such as free radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2-) produced by OS promote disease progression. Curcumin, a natural diketone derived from turmeric, is a natural antioxidant with a wide range of neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging, and antioxidant effects. Fortunately, curcumin is recognized for its potent antioxidant properties and is considered a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Consequently, this review elucidates the mechanisms by which curcumin mitigates oxidative stress and emphasizes the potential in treating nervous system disorders, including depression, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and glioblastoma. We aim to provide a new therapeutic option for the management of neurological diseases.
Enhanced tumor suppression in colorectal cancer via berberine-loaded PEG-PLGA nanoparticles
Authors: Shen Fei , Zheng Yun-Sheng , Dong Lan , Cao Ziyang , Cao Jie
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as the third most widespread cancer globally with poor prognosis. Berberine (Ber), as one herbal phytochemical, showed promise in CRC therapy, but its exact mechanism is unclear. Small molecule traditional drugs face challenges in quick metabolism and low bio-availability after systemic administration. Nanodrug deliver system, with their unique properties, has the advantages of protecting drugs, improving drug bio-availability, and reducing toxic and side effects, which exhibited huge drug delivery potential. Herein, the PEG-PLGA nanocarrier was used for encapsulated Ber according to nanoprecipitation and obtained nanomedicine, denoted as NPBer. In vitro, the flow cytometry test and CCK8 assays indicated that NPBer was more easily taken up by HCT116 CRC cells, and had stronger inhibition on cell proliferation with the increase of drug concentration. In addition, RNA-Seq was employed to explore the alterations in the transcriptomes of cancer cells subsequent to treatment with Free Ber or NPBer.The sequencing results indicate that Free Ber could activate cellular aging mechanisms, intensified the iron death pathway, optimized oxidative phosphorylation efficiency, exacerbated apoptosis, accelerated programmed cell death, and negatively modulated key signaling pathways in CRC cells including Wnt, TGF-beta, Hippo, and mTOR signaling pathways. Based on PEG-PLGA nanocarriers, NPBer can improve the in vivo delivery efficiency of Ber, thereby enhancing its antitumor efficacy in vivo, enhancing apoptosis by enhancing the mitochondrial autophagy and autophagy activities of CRC cells, negatively regulating the inflammatory mediator to regulate TRP channels, and inhibiting the activation of Notch signaling pathway. In vivo, NPBer can significantly improve its accumulation and durable drug targeting in tumor site, resulting in induce maximum cell apoptosis and effectively inhibit the proliferation of HCT116 tumor. This strategy provided a promising antitumor therapeutic strategy using Ber-based drugs.
Dynamic analysis of malicious behavior propagation based on feature selection in software network
Authors: Xue Huajian , Wang Yali , Tang Qiguang
Published: November 2024

In the era of big data, the propagation of malicious software poses a significant threat to corporate data security. To safeguard data assets from the encroachment of malware, it is essential to conduct a dynamic analysis of various information propagation behaviors within software. This paper introduces a dynamic analysis detection method for malicious behavior based on feature extraction (MBDFE), designed to effectively identify and thwart the spread of malicious software. The method is divided into three stages: First, variable-length N-gram algorithms are utilized to extract subsequences of varying lengths from the sample APl call sequences as continuous dynamic features. Second, feature selection techniques based on information gain are employed to identify suitable classification features. Lastly, recurrent neural networks (RNN) are applied for the classification training and prediction of diverse software behaviors. Experimental results and analysis demonstrate that this approach can accurately detect and promptly interrupt the information dissemination of malicious software when such behavior occurs, thereby enhancing the precision and timeliness of malware detection.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of root water uptake and identification of soil moisture thresholds for precision irrigation in a Mediterranean yellow-fleshed kiwifruit orchard
Authors: Calabritto Maria , Mininni Alba N. , Di Biase Roberto , Pietrafesa Angela , Dichio Bartolomeo
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Actinidia is highly susceptible to water stress, both excess and shortage, and is therefore a model fruit crop for irrigation management, requiring precise water application. The present study was carried out in a mature kiwifruit orchard in southern Italy to investigate the physiology of a yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar under non-limiting soil water conditions and in response to a progressive decrease in soil water content in a Mediterranean environment, with the aim of defining soil moisture thresholds to guide irrigation management.

Methods

The progressive lowering in soil moisture was monitored using multi-profile probes, taking into account a 60 cm layer. Plant water status and physiological parameters were measured throughout the experiment and were significantly correlated with soil water status, suggesting that the level of soil water deficit affects plant physiological performance.

Results

Reference minimum values of stem water potential reached during the day under non-limiting soil water conditions ranged from -0.4 to -0.7 MPa, with a value of -0.8 MPa identifying the threshold below which stomatal conductance began to decrease significantly. Soil moisture thresholds were defined according to the spatio-temporal dynamics of available water (AW) reduction, which decreased by approx. 10% and 1% before the onset of water stress and 16% and 2% at the onset of water stress, considered in the 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm soil layers, respectively, compared to the AW content of the whole soil profile.

Discussion

Results confirmed that root uptake was mainly concentrated in the first 30 cm of soil depth, which should be properly managed by irrigation, as reduced soil water availability could easily lead to plant water stress. An integrated approach, combining plant measurements and soil water content monitoring, together with an assessment of root water uptake dynamics, is essential to identify soil water thresholds and develop precision irrigation, especially for high water-demanding crops and environments.
Precipitation controls the time-lag and cumulative effects of hydrothermal factors on the end of the growing season in a semi-arid region of China
Authors: Liu Erhua , Zhou Guangsheng , Lv Xiaomin , Song Xingyang
Published: November 2024

Climate change has a substantial influence on the end of the growing season (EOS). The time-lag and cumulative effects are non-negligible phenomena when studying the interactions between climate and vegetation. However, quantification of the temporal effects of climatic factors on the EOS in the context of changing hydrothermal patterns remains scarce. Based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR), this study first inverted the EOS of typical steppe vegetation in a semi-arid region of China and then quantified the time-lag and cumulative effects of monthly total precipitation (PRE) and monthly average temperature (TEM) on the EOS during 2003–2022. The results showed that a turning point occurred in 2011, when the EOS displayed an advancing trend until 2011, followed by a delayed trend. Accordingly, the climatic background has changed from warming and drying conditions during 2003–2011 to warming and wetting conditions during 2011–2022. The time-lag scales of PRE and TEM on the EOS decreased from 2- and 4-month scales during 2003–2011, respectively, to 1- and 2-month scales during 2011–2022, respectively. The time-lag degree of the hydrothermal factors on the EOS weakened with increased precipitation. The cumulative time scales of the EOS response to PRE and TEM were mainly concentrated within 1-month during different time periods, but the EOS was more sensitive to short-term precipitation. The time lag and cumulative partial correlation coefficient of PRE to EOS changed from mainly negative regulation during 2003–2011 (39.2% and 50.0%, respectively) to mainly positive regulation during 2011–2022 (67.8% and 93.7%, respectively). The time-lag and cumulative effects of TEM on the EOS were positive with the precipitation and temperature gradient under a warming and wetting climate, which indicated that increased precipitation was a prerequisite for temperature to induce a delayed EOS in the semi-arid study region. This study emphasizes the important role of precipitation in regulating the EOS response to hydrothermal factors in semi-arid regions.
Assessing key soft skills in organizational contexts: development and validation of the multiple soft skills assessment tool
Authors: Colledani Daiana , Robusto Egidio , Anselmi Pasquale
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Soft skills, also known as transversal skills, have gained significant attention in the organizational context due to their positive impact on various work-related outcomes. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Multiple Soft Skills Assessment Tool (MSSAT), a short self-report instrument that evaluates interpersonal skills (initiative-resourcefulness, assertiveness, conflict management), interpersonal communication skills, decision-making style (adaptive and maladaptive), and moral integrity.

Methods

The scale development process involved selecting and adapting relevant items from existing scales and employing a cross-validation approach with a large sample of workers from diverse organizational settings and job positions (N = 639). In the first step, 28 items were carefully chosen from an item pool of 64 items based on their content, factor loadings, item response theory analyses, differential item functioning, and fit statistics. Next, the structure of the resulting scale was evaluated through confirmatory factor analyses.

Results

The MSSAT demonstrated gender invariance and good reliability and validity. The results of a network analysis confirmed the relationships between soft skills and positive work-related outcomes. Notably, interpersonal communication skills and moral integrity emerged as crucial skills.

Discussion

The MSSAT is a valuable tool for organizations to assess the soft skills of their employees, thereby contributing to design targeted development programs.
Effects of forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku) in stressed people
Authors: Queirolo Luca , Fazia Teresa , Roccon Andrea , Pistollato Elisa , Gatti Luigi , Bernardinelli Luisa , Zanette Gastone , Berrino Franco
Published: November 2024

Aim

This study aims to explore the physiological effect of forest bathing on stress management.

Methods

A total of 29 volunteers participated in this pre-post design, which lacked a control group. Several physiological parameters were recorded, including heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activity (EDA), blood pressure (BP), immunoglobulin A (IGA), and salivary cortisol (sCort). Additionally, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was administered before forest exposure. Measurements were taken before and after participants spent 2 days fully immersed in a forest environment. To further assess stress management, participants completed a Mental Arithmetic Task (MAT) before and after forest immersion, during which EDA, HRV, and HR were monitored using an Empatica E4 wristband. Measurements were taken at baseline, during MAT, and afterward (recovery).

Results

Participants exhibited moderate perceived stress levels before forest immersion (mean PSS-10 = 21.22, SD = 3.78). Post-forest exposure, there was a significant decrease in sCort (p < 0.05) and EDA (p < 0.001), while HRV increased (p < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure rose (p < 0.05). ANOVA results from the MAT showed a significant increase in parasympathetic activity across all conditions post-immersion (p < 0.05), except during recovery, while EDA decreased in all conditions post-forest exposure (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Shinrin-yoku significantly improved stress management at a physiological level and could be a valuable intervention for individuals experiencing stress. However, longitudinal studies with a control group are necessary to determine whether these effects are sustained over time. Nonetheless, this study highlights the potential benefits of forest immersion for stress reduction by enhancing sympathovagal balance and the adaptability of the stress response system.
Comparison of different reliability estimation methods for single-item assessment: a simulation study
Authors: Zhang Sijun , Colvin Kimberly
Published: November 2024

Single-item assessments have recently become popular in various fields, and researchers have developed methods for estimating the reliability of single-item assessments, some based on factor analysis and correction for attenuation, and others using the double monotonicity model, Guttman’s λ6, or the latent class model. However, no empirical study has investigated which method best estimates the reliability of single-item assessments. This study investigated this question using a simulation study. To represent assessments as they are found in practice, the simulation study varied several aspects: the item discrimination parameter, the test length of the multi-item assessment of the same construct, the sample size, and the correlation between the single-item assessment and the multi-item assessment of the same construct. The results suggest that by using the method based on the double monotonicity model and the method based on correction for attenuation simultaneously, researchers can obtain the most precise estimate of the range of reliability of a single-item assessment in 94.44% of cases. The test length of a multi-item assessment of the same construct, the item discrimination parameter, the sample size, and the correlation between the single-item assessment and the multi-item assessment of the same construct did not influence the choice of method choice.
Effects of yoga on stress in stressed adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schleinzer Alina , Moosburner Alina , Anheyer Dennis , Burgahn Laura , Cramer Holger
Published: November 2024

Background

With the increasing prevalence of stress, stress reduction is getting more and more important. Yoga is being considered as a non-pharmacological treatment option for stress.

Objective

Investigation of the effects of yoga on stress in stressed adults from the general population.

Methods

Databases were searched up to March 17, 2023 (updated search on May 17, 2024). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of yoga for stressed adults were included if they assessed perceived stress. Further outcomes were quality of life and stress-related physiological measures. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane tool, and the quality of the evidence for each outcome was graded according to the GRADE recommendations.

Results

A total of 13 RCTs with 1026 participants were included in the qualitative analysis and nine RCTs in the quantitative analysis. The meta-analyses revealed low quality of evidence for short-term effects of yoga on stress compared to passive control groups (SMD=-0.69, 95%CI=-1.12- -0.25) and low quality of evidence for long-term effects on stress in favour of active control groups (SMD=0.23, 95%CI=0.06-0.40). There was moderate quality of evidence for short-term effects of yoga on quality of life compared to passive control groups (SMD=0.86, 95%CI=0.72-1.00). No adverse events occurred in the three safety reporting studies.

Conclusions

As there is low quality of evidence for short-term effects of yoga on perceived stress in stressed adults from the general population compared to passive control groups, yoga can be considered as a non-pharmacological treatment option for stress reduction.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/INPLASY-Protocol-4595.pdf INPLASY, identifier 202330062.
Unlocking the secrets of trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonists: new horizon in neuropsychiatric treatment
Authors: Shajan Britto , Bastiampillai Tarun , Hellyer Shane D. , Nair Pramod C.
Published: November 2024

For over seven decades, dopamine receptor 2 (D2 receptor) antagonists remained the mainstay treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders. Although it is effective for treating hyperdopaminergic symptoms, it is often ineffective for treating negative and cognitive deficits. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a novel, pharmacological target in the treatment of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric conditions. Several TAAR1 agonists are currently being developed and are in various stages of clinical and preclinical development. Previous efforts to identify TAAR1 agonists have been hampered by challenges in pharmacological characterisation, the absence of experimentally determined structures, and species-specific preferences in ligand binding and recognition. Further, poor insights into the functional selectivity of the receptor led to the characterisation of ligands with analogous signalling mechanisms. Such approaches limited the understanding of divergent receptor signalling and their potential clinical utility. Recent cryogenic electron microscopic (cryo-EM) structures of human and mouse TAAR1 (hTAAR1 and mTAAR1, respectively) in complex with agonists and G proteins have revealed detailed atomic insights into the binding pockets, binding interactions and binding modes of several agonists including endogenous trace amines (β-phenylethylamine, 3-Iodothyronamine), psychostimulants (amphetamine, methamphetamine), clinical compounds (ulotaront, ralmitaront) and repurposed drugs (fenoldopam). The in vitro screening of drug libraries has also led to the discovery of novel TAAR1 agonists (asenapine, guanabenz, guanfacine) which can be used in clinical trials or further developed to treat different neuropsychiatric conditions. Furthermore, an understanding of unappreciated signalling mechanisms (Gq, Gs/Gq) by TAAR1 agonists has come to light with the discovery of selective compounds to treat schizophrenia-like phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the emergence of structure-based approaches in the discovery of novel TAAR1 agonists through drug repurposing strategies and structure-guided designs. Additionally, we discuss the functional selectivity of TAAR1 signalling, which provides important clues for developing disorder-specific compounds.
The effect of occupational exposure to organic dust on lung function parameters among African industrial workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ashuro Zemachu , Debela Berhanu Gidisa , Daba Chala , Hareru Habtamu Endashaw , Abaya Samson Wakuma , Byrne Anthony L.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Inadequate ventilation and improper use of personal protective equipment are often observed in many occupational settings with a high risk of dust and other fine particle exposure. Workers who are exposed to dust at work may suffer from respiratory difficulties. Previous systematic reviews on organic dust exposure and its association with respiratory health outcomes did not provide a comprehensive assessment. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the reported effects of organic dust exposure on lung function parameters among African industrial workers.

Methods

A compressive literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Embase, the Web of Science, African Journals Online, and ScienceDirect databases to identify relevant studies for the review. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The lung function indices including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), the FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were obtained from primary studies and analyzed using STATA version 17. The I2 test was used to assess the heterogeneity of studies. We used a random-effects model to estimate the pooled standard mean difference in lung function indices between organic dust-exposed and non-exposed industrial workers. To analyze publication bias, funnel plots and Egger’s test were applied.

Results

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, 32 studies involving 7,085 participants were included from 13,529 identified studies. The estimated mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were as follows: −0.53 [−0.83 to −0.36] L for FVC, −0.60 [−0.77 to −0.43] L for FEV1, −0.43 [−0.57, −0.29] L for FEV1/FVC, and −0.69 [−0.88 to −0.50] L/min for PEFR.

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the lung function indices, such as FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEFR, were statistically significantly lower among organic dust-exposed industrial workers compared to non-exposed industrial workers. Therefore, effective dust control measures should be implemented to protect workers from exposure to organic dust.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024527139.
Seroprevalence and risk factors for brucellosis amongst livestock and humans in a multi-herd ranch system in Kagera, Tanzania
Authors: Lyimo Beatus , Hugho Ephrasia , Mathew Coletha , Mayenga Charles , Lukambagire Abdul Hamid , Lyimo Samson , Munuo Lidia , Byukusenge Maurice , Withall Jodie , Ashford Roland T. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Makondo Zachariah , McGiven John , Radzio-Basu Jessica , Ganda Erika , Middlebrook Earl A. , Bartlow Andrew W. , Fair Jeanne M. , Shirima Gabriel , Sriranganathan Nammalwar , Kazwala Rudovick R. , Hudson Peter J. , Cattadori Isabella M. , Kapur Vivek , Buza Joram J. , Katani Robab
Published: November 2024

Background

Brucellosis remains a significant health and economic challenge for livestock and humans globally. Despite its public health implications, the factors driving the endemic persistence of Brucella at the human-livestock interface in Tanzania remain poorly elucidated. This study aimed to identify the seroprevalence of Brucella infection in livestock and humans within a ranching system and determine associated risk factors for disease endemicity.

Methods

A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was conducted in 2023 in Tanzania’s Karagwe District, involving 725 livestock (cattle, goats, sheep) from 10 herds and 112 humans from associated camps. Seroprevalence was assessed using competitive ELISA while epidemiological data were collected via questionnaires. Generalized Linear Models and Contrast Analysis were used to identify risk factors for infection.

Results

Overall seroprevalence was 34% in livestock and 41% in humans. Goats exhibited the highest prevalence (69.2%), while cattle had the lowest (22.6%). Mixed-species herds (Odds Ratio, OR = 2.96, CI [1.90–4.60]) and small ruminants-only herds (OR = 6.54, CI [3.65–11.72]) showed a significantly higher risk of seropositivity compared to cattle-only herds. Older cattle (OR = 5.23, CI [2.70–10.10]) and lactating females (OR = 2.87, CI [1.78–4.63]) represented significant risks for brucellosis in livestock. In humans, close contact with animals (OR = 7.20, CI [1.97–36.31]) and handling animals during parturition or aborted fetuses (OR = 2.37, CI [1.01–5.58]) were significant risk factors. Notably, no spatial association was found in seroprevalence between herds and nearby human communities.

Conclusion

The lack of spatial correlation between livestock and human seroprevalence suggests complex transmission dynamics, potentially involving endemic circulation in livestock and human infections from multiple sources of exposure to livestock. This study highlights the need for comprehensive zoonotic risk education and targeted intervention strategies. Further research is crucial to elucidate transmission pathways and improve Brucella infection control. This includes developing robust methods for identifying infective species and implementing effective strategies to mitigate Brucella infection in endemic regions.
Implementation of a mobile prosthetic and orthotic care program in the VA; a qualitative study of implementation challenges and associated strategies for improvement
Authors: Leonard Chelsea , Young Jessica , McKown Lauren , Klassen Carolyn , Kaufman George E. , Abrahamson Daniel
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Anticipating and addressing implementation challenges is critical to ensuring success of mobile healthcare programs. Mobile Prosthetic and Orthotic (O&P) Care (MoPOC) is a new U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) program that aims to improve access to VA-based O&P services through a national network of traveling O&P clinicians who deliver care in rural communities. We conducted an iterative evaluation guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to identify challenges and associated strategies for successful implementation of this mobile O&P program.

Methods

MoPOC is delivered by an O&P clinician anchored at a VA medical center (VAMC). Clinicians travel to remote VA clinics and Veteran's homes with a custom vehicle which provides storage and a workshop to modify O&P devices. Each clinician is supported by a program support assistant. MoPOC was implemented in three phases. The qualitative evaluation of MoPOC implementation was conducted as part of a larger evaluation of MoPOC program outcomes. We conducted semi-structured interviews and regular check-ins with MoPOC clinicians, site managers, and stakeholders both prior to implementation and throughout the implementation process. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed across sites and comparatively by phase using a rapid matrix analysis to identify themes related to adoption and implementation challenges and key strategies developed to address those challenges.

Results

We identified four key themes related to successful program implementation, each with associated challenges and improvement strategies: (1) “Finding the right sites for MoPOC” through intentional recruitment and site selection; (2) Identifying the “sweet spot”: Balancing program capacity, sustainability, and MoPOC clinician satisfaction; (3) Shifting from testing to standardizing; and (4) “Being strategic with hiring” to improve program adoption.

Discussion

Implementation challenges were related to recruiting and selecting successful sites, ensuring timely program adoption, balancing site level adaptation and program standardization, and scaling programs to enhance efficiency, reach, and satisfaction. An iterative approach guided by the RE-AIM framework resulted in program improvement and more rapid implementation in each successive phase. The challenges described in MoPOC implementation may be common issues in implementing new mobile programs in rural areas.
Impact of scientific production of Italian scientists in exercises and sport sciences by measuring the author-weighted h-index
Authors: Raiola Gaetano , Esposito Giovanni , Ceruso Rosario , D'Elia Francesca , D'Isanto Tiziana
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to measure the consistency of the impact of scientific production, weighted by authorship, of Italian scientists in two academic disciplines (AD) of Exercise and Sports Sciences (ESS) from 2017 to 2022, with a specific focus on the subfield “Sport Sciences”, using topic-specific keywords. Through the Scopus database, the scientific products of Italian ESS scientists associated with each keyword were identified. Subsequently, total and relative metric parameters from 2017 to 2022 were collected, including the total and relative number of citations. To evaluate the impact of the publications, the total and relative h-index were calculated, and weighted by considering different categories of authorship. Specific weights were attributed to each category: single author, first author, last author and co-author, following the classifications already in use on Scopus for each author. The trends of total and relative metrics, including citations and h-index, from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed using Spearman's correlation. Non-parametric linear regression analysis was used for the predictive analysis of these trends. Among the 83 identified ESS scientists, a detailed analysis revealed that 31.3% were full professors, 42.1% associate professors, and 26.6% researchers. Less than half of these scientists were directly affiliated with ESS. Despite minority representation, significant positive correlations emerge between total and relative citations from 2017 to 2022 (r = 0.687) and between the weighted total h-index and the weighted relative h-index (r = 0.965). Significant trends emerge in the metric parameters of the same scientists when analyzed separately by AD. The regression results indicate that variations in total citations and the weighted total and relative h-index can predict or explain the observed changes in 2017–2022 (p < 0.05). This result suggests that the production and impact of research in the field of ESS follow the same general trend as production and impact in the specific subfield.
Unveiling polish judges’ views on empathy and impartiality
Authors: Stępień Mateusz
Published: November 2024

The exploration of empathy’s significance in judicial decision-making has garnered attention in scholarly discourse, yet there is a noticeable gap in studies delving into judges’ perceptions of empathy’s role, advantages, and impediments. This neglect reflects an “anti-empathetic” discourse that overlooks the insights of those central to justice delivery. Consequently, there is an urgent need for empirical inquiries into judges’ perspectives on empathy, its definition, and its integration into their work. Primarily concentrated in Anglo-Saxon jurisdictions, empathy research in judicial decision-making lacks diversity. This paper responds to two critical calls: understanding judges’ views on empathy and expanding research beyond common-law systems. It presents empirical research investigating Polish judges’ perspectives on empathy, with a focus on its relationship with impartiality. This inquiry is crucial given debates on whether empathy compromises impartiality, particularly evident in discussions surrounding judicial appointments. Based on in-depth interviews with Polish judges, this article identifies five strategies employed by judges to reconcile empathy with impartiality, termed as “paths”: (1) claiming symmetry in distributing empathy between parties, (2) defining empathy as unemotional, (3) mitigating empathy’s influence on judgments, (4) emphasizing control over empathy, and (5) deabsolutizing formal impartiality and making more room for empathy. The paper discusses these strategies and comments on them, shedding light on the nuanced ways in which judges navigate the intersection of empathy and impartiality in their decision-making processes.
Sensing spatial inequality of socio-economic factors for deploying permanent deacons in the UK
Authors: Islam Md. Tariqul , Rooney Paul , McGrail Peter , Sikder Sujit Kumar , Charlesworth Mark
Published: November 2024

Integrating spatial inequality perspectives in strategic decision-making can ensure positive impacts on resource distribution for public welfare and sustainable development. This study aims to apply evidence-based approaches in deploying permanent deacons. The empirical case study has been conducted at the St Helens denary of the Liverpool archdiocese, UK. Assisting with charitable works is one of three served areas by the Roman Catholic Church facilitated by deacons. The deployment of permanent deacons could benefit from being evidence-based so that a deacon can serve to ease the socio-economic (e.g., population density, long-term health conditions, housing system, employment status, education level, social status) inequality in the most deprived area. We used geographic information system (GIS) based algorithms, Getis-Ord Gi* for hot spot analysis to find the clustered area by considering the socio-economic factors. The open/freely available government census dataset was found to help extract socio-economic parameters. Furthermore, a GIS-based multi-criteria assessment technique was conducted by applying map algebra (raster calculator) to identify the deprived area with ranks considering multiple socio-economic conditions, where served areas by the existing deacons were considered to constrain. The served areas were estimated by applying network analysis where OpenStreetMap and location existing deacons were used as input. Our empirical case study identified the central and northern parts of the deanery as the most and least deprived areas, respectively. Finally, Liverpool archdiocese could consider deploying new permanent deacons in St Helens denary based on suggested deprivation ranks. Therefore, the appropriate number of deacons in the deprived areas can quickly and effectively respond to the needy and enhance communities’ resilience and sustainable development by ensuring proportionate resource distribution.