bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Artificial Intelligence (AI) Enabled Framework for Cyber Security Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Ahmad Syed Shabbeer , K Krishna Prasad
Published: December 2023

Cyber security has become very important aspect with respect to security in the contemporary era. The rationale behind this is that, with the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) use cases, there are millions of connected devices that play crucial role in different applications. Cyber-attacks have been increasing due to the benefits to attackers or adversaries in different means. Therefore, there is need for continuous effort to safeguard cyber space. With respect to different IoT use cases, it is essential to have better solution that is based on machine learning techniques. In this paper an Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled framework is built for cyber security. The framework is extendible in nature which can support future developments in classifiers. The framework also supports machine learning (ML) models along with feature selection towards cyber security. In other words, it provides support for an AI approach towards safeguarding cyber security. The proposed system is made up of both ML models so as to leverage protection from time to time. It is a generic framework that can be used for any IoT use case provided the inputs from that network of IoT application. The proposed system is made up of both ML models so as to leverage protection from time to time. It is a generic framework that can be used for any IoT use case provided the inputs from that network of IoT application. We proposed an algorithm known as Machine Learning Pipeline for Cyber Attack Detection (MLP-CAD). Experimental results showed that the ML pipeline with underlying techniques could provide better performance. Highest accuracy is achieved by Random Forest with 95.97% accuracy. Keywords: Machine learning, Cyber security, AI, IoT, Random forest, Framework, Intrusion detection
Madheshi Contribution in Nepali Education: Empowering Minds and Transforming Communities
Authors: Thakur Rashmi , Thakur Gopal Kumar , Chhetri Surya , Jha Tulika
Published: December 2023

This study delves into the experiences of Madhesi community origin contribution, condition and conviction in Nepali Education with a view to empowering minds and transforming communities. With a view access the better opportunities for job and the inadequate educational infrastructure across the country, a significant number of Madhesi teachers and students are compelled to seek job and higher education in Kathmandu. However, there are instances where Madhesis are still mistaken as Indians and face discrimination in their non-native regions. In this study, we aim to uncover the feelings and experiences of Madhesi teachers and students in Kathmandu. The research employed qualitative approaches as one to one personal discussion. The responses gathered were analyzed using the theory of stigma and social interactionism developed by Erving Goffman. By examining their accounts, this research sheds light on the contribution, condition and emotional challenges faced by Madhesi due to the stigma and stereotypical remarks directed at them by their peers. Keywords: Nepali Education, contribution, condition, experiences, empowering minds and transforming communities
კრიზისის მართვის სამართლებრივი რეგულირება და ადამიანის უფლებების დაცვის პრობლემატური საკითხები კოვიდ 19 პანდემიის დროს
Authors: ლობჟანიძე გივი , ფიცხელაური შენგელი , ბოჭორიშვილი ნინო , საჯაია ლიკა , დოლიძე თათია
Published: December 2023

კვლევა განხორციელდა საქართველოს საერთაშორისო უნივერსიტეტი ჯიუ-ს მიერ დაფინანსებული კვლევის „ადამიანის ჯანმრთელობისა და სხვა უფლებათა დაცვის პრობლემები კოვიდ 19 პანდემიის პირობებში და საერთაშორისო სამართლებრივი გარანტიები“ ფარგლებში. წინამდებარე კვლევა კომპლექსურია და ის განიხილავს პრობლემატიკას რამდენიმე ჭრილში, კერძოდ ერთი მხრივ პანდემიის დროს კრიზისების მართვის ჭრილში, ხოლო მეორე მხრივ ადამიანის უფლებების კონტექსტში. შესაბამისად, კვლევის ფარგლებში გაანალიზდა პანდემიის პირობებში დანერგილი საკანონმდებლო ცვლილებები და მათი აღსულების გავლენა ადამიანის უფლებების დაცვაზე. პამდემიის პირობებში შეიქმნა არაორდინარული სიტუაცია და გადაწყვეტილების სწრაფად მიღებისაუცილებლობა ართულებდა სამართლიანი და გაწონასწორებული ბალანსის დამყარებას ადამიანის უფლებებსა და ჯანდაცვის ინტერესებს შორის. სამართლიანი ბალანსის დამყარებისთვის, ქვეყნის დემოკრატიულ განვითარებასთან ერთად, ასევე გადამწყვეტი აღმოჩნდა ინსტიტუციების მდგრადობა და კომპეტენტურობა.
პანდემიამ აიძულა ევროპის ქვეყნები, გაეტარებინა არაერთი ღონისძიება, აღსანიშნავია, რომ ევროპული ქვეყნების უმრავლესობას საგანგებო მდგომარეობა არ გამოუცხადებია და ისინი ორდინარული (ჩვეულებრივი) სიტუაციის მარეგულირებელი კანონმდებლობის საფუძველზე გაუმკლავდნენ ამ დიდ გამოწვევას. ფაქტია, რომ საქართველოში საგანგებო მდგომარეობის გამოცხადების მიზეზი იყო არა კორონავირუსის შიდა უკონტროლო გავრცელების საფრთხე, არამედ ქვეყანაში სათანადო სამართლებრივი ბაზის არარსებობა, რომელიც შესაძლებლობას მისცემდა სახელმწიფოს დაეწესებინა ეპიდემიოლოგიური მდგომარეობის შესაფერისი ადამიანის უფლებათა შეზღუდვები.
პერსონალური მონაცემების დაცვის უფლება, სხვა მრავალ უფლებათა შორის, რისკის ქვეშ აღმოჩნდა კოვიდ-19 პანდემიის დროს. მუშავდებოდა ჯანმრთელობის მდგომარეობასთან დაკავშირებული განსაკუთრებით დიდი ოდენობით პერსონალური მონაცემები. პერსონალური მონაცემების დამუშავებას ახდენდნენ არა მხოლოდ სახელმწიფო ინსტიტუციები, არამედ კერძო კომპანიებიც (მაგალითად თერმოსკრინინგის დროს). სწავლისა და მუშაობის პროცესი გადავიდა ონლაინ რეჟიმზე, რამაც გამოიწვია ელექტრონულად განსაკუთრებით დიდი მოცულობის მონაცემთა დამუშავება. დაავადების გავრცელების პრევენციის მიზნით შეიქმნა არაერთი ონლაინ აპლიკაცია და დამუშავდა მილიონობით ადამიანის გეოლოკაციის მონაცემები. კვლევის ფარგლებში ანალიზი გაკეთდება პანდემიის პირობებში სახელმწიფოს მიერ შემოღებული შეზღუდვების სამართლებრივ საფუძვლებზე, რაც მომავალში ხელს შეუწყობს მსგავსი საგანგებო სიტუაციების მოსაგვარებლად სახელმწიფოების მიერ რეაგირების მექანიზმების წინასწარ იმგვარად ჩამოყალიბებას, რომ კრიზის პირობებში გამოირიცხოს დაბნეულობა, ქაოტურობა და არათანმიმდებრული მოქმედებები. განსაკუთრებული გამოწვევა გახდა ქალთა მიმართ ძალადობა. ქვეყანაში არსებული სისხლის სამართლის სტატისტიკა ისედაც ცხადყოფდა არცთუ ისე სახარბიელო მდგომარეობას ამ ჭრილში, თუმცა კოვიდ 19 პანდემიის გამოძახილმა პრაქტიკულად აქაც თავისი გავლენა იქონია რაც ჩვენი კვლევის ერთ ერთი საგანია.
კონსტიტუციური შეთანხმების (კონკორდატის) იდეურ-სამართლებრივი ბუნება
Authors: ლობჟანიძე გივი , ადამია ზოია
Published: December 2023

კონკორდატი საერთაშორისო ხელშეკრულებაა, რომელიც ორ სახელმწიფოს შორის იდება, აქედან ერთი არის წმინდა საყდარი (ვატიკანი) რომის პაპის მეთაურობით, მეორე მხარე - სახელმწიფო, რომლის საგანია ურთიერთობა კათოლიკურ ეკლესიასთან (კათოლიკეებთან ქვეყანაში). ასევე მისი შინაარსი გულისხმობს, საერთო ინტერესების განსაზღვრას პიროვნებებთან, ინსტიტუტებთან და საეკლესიო ქონებასთან დაკავშირებით.როგორც წესი, კონკორდატი შერეულ საკითხებს შეეხება, რომელიც არის ორივე მხარის ინტერესთა სფერო.კონკორდატი, თანამედროვე გაგებით, გაუთანაბრდა კონსტიტუციურ შეთანხმებას, რაც გულისხმობს ქრისტიანული ეკლესიისა და სახელმწიფო ურთიერთმიმართებას.როდესაც საქართველოს კონსტიტუციით უზრუნველყოფილია რწმენის თავისუფლება, აქ მოიაზრება არა მხოლოდ საქართველოს მოქალაქის, არამედ ზოგადად ადამიანის რელიგიური თავისუფლება.სახელმწიფოსა და ეკლესიას შორის შეთანხმების გაფორმებამ გამოიწვია აზრთა სხვადასხვაობა, ზოგიერთის მოსაზრებით ეს იყო სხვა რელიგიებისა და რწმენის ადამიანების მიმართ დისკრიმინაციული მიდგომა, რაც არ იყო სწორი.საქართველოს კონსტიტუციით უზრუნველყოფილია რწმენის თავისუფლება. აქ მოიაზრება არა მხოლოდ საქართველოს მოქალაქის, არამედ ზოგადად ადამიანის რელიგიური თავისუფლება.ჩვენი ქვეყანა ისტორიულად იყო გამორჩეული ტოლერანტობით, ერთ-ერთი მსოფლიოს დანარჩენი ნაწილისაგან განსახვავებით - მოყოლებული დავით აღმაშენებლიდან დღემდე.
„თეთრი სიის“ მნიშვნელობა საქართველოს სახელმწიფო შესყიდვებში მონაწილე ორგანიზაციებისთვის და მისი აქტუალობა 2018-2022 წლებში
Authors: ჩაგელიშვილი ანა , მუშკუდიანი ზურაბ
Published: December 2023

ყოველწლიურად, სახელმწიფო შესყიდვებზე საქართველოს მშპ-ს დაახლოებით მეათედი მოდის. აღნიშნული ფაქტი ასევე ხაზს უსვამს მის მნიშვნელობას ბიზნეს სექტორის იმ სუბიექტებისათვის, რომლებიც აქტიურად არიან ჩართულნი საშემსყიდველო პროცესებში.მთელი რიგი მიზეზების გამო სახელმწიფო შესყიდვები რეგულირდება შესაბამისი  საკანონმდებლო ბაზითა და რეგულაციებით, რაც გარკვეულ შემაფერხებელ ფაქტორებსა და რთულადგადასალახავ ბარიერებს წარმოშობს მასში მონაწილე სუბიექტებისათვის. სწორედამგვარი პროცესების გამარტივების მიზანს ემსახურება სახელმწიფო შესყიდვების სააგენტოს მიერ წარმოებული „თეთრი სია“ - კვალიფიციურ მიმწოდებელთა რეესტრი, სადაც შესაბამისი კრიტერიუმების დაკმაყოფილების შემდგომ რეგისტრირდებიან მსურველი მიმწოდებლები. მიუხედავად ამისა, მრავალი სუბიექტისათვის აღნიშნულ სიაზე ინფორმირებულობის ხარისხი და მასში მოხვედრის ინტერესი დაბალია. უფრო მეტიც, ზემოაღნიშნულ რეესტრთან დაკავშირებით არსებობს უარყოფითი მოსაზრებები, რომელთა განხილვაც აუცილებელია ობიექტური შეფასებებისათვის და ადეკვატური რეკომენდაციების შემუშავებისათვის.შესაბამისად, ნაშრომის მიზანია „თეთრი სიის“ მნიშვნელობის განხილვა და მისი აქტუალობის შეფასება ბოლო 5 წლის განმავლობაში, რისთვისაც გამოყენებულ იქნა სამაგიდე კვლევა.
ბიზნეს-სტატისტიკა შემეცნების სტატისტიკურ მეთოდოლოგიაში
Authors: ჟუჟნიაშვილი დავით
Published: December 2023

თანამედროვე პირობებში დიდი ყურადღება ექცევა სტატისტიკის საკითხებს. ჩვენს ქვეყანაში ეს განსაკუთრრებით გამოკვეთილია ინოვაციურ ღონისძიებების ჩატარებასთან დაკავშირებით, რომლებიც აისახება მაცხოვრებლებზე. სტატისტიკის საფუძველზე ჩვენ შეგვიძლია ალბათურ გარემოში ეფექტურად ვმართოთ ეკონომიკა.მიმდინარე დროის განსაკუთრებული თვისებაა გაზრდილი ყურადღება სტატისტიკის მიმართ მთელ მსოფლიოში. ჩვენს ქვეყანაში ეს ყურადღება მით უფრო გამწვავებულია ინოვაციური ღონისძიებების ჩატარებასთან დაკავშირებით ყველა სფეროში, რომლებიც ეხებათითქმის ყველა მაცხოვრებლის ინტერესებს. სტატისტიკის ცოდნა გვაძლევს საშუალებას მოვახდინოთ ეკონომიკის ეფექტური მართვა, რაც დაფუძნებულია სტატისტიკურ კანონზომიერებებზე ალბათური გარემოს პირობებში.

ბიზნეს-სტატისტიკა აუცილებელია ყველა ადამიანისათვის, რომელთაც გადაწყვეტილი აქვთ მიუძღვნან თავი სამეწარმეო ან მართვის საქმიანობას, სადაც მოითხოვება სიტუაციის ანალიზი და პროგნოზი, მოვახდინოთ რაოდენობრივი შეფასება, გავაკეთოთ ეკონომოკური გათვლები, განვახორციელოთ ბიზნესის, მენეჯმენტისა და მარკეტინგის საინფორმაციო - სტატისტიკურიუზრუნველყოფა სოციალურ - ეკონომიკური ცხოვრების ყველა სფეროში.დღეისათვის სტატისტიკის მიზანია აისახოს საბაზრო ეკონომიკის განვითარების კანონზომიერებები და ტენდენციები მაკრო და მიკრო დონეებზე, მიაწოდოს მეწარმეებსა და მენეჯერებს ინსტრუმენტი, რომელიც ეხმარება მათ, იპოვონ კომერციული საქმიანობის დაწარმოების მართვის ოპტიმალური მიმართულება, შეაიარაღოს კონკურენტული ბრძოლის ინფორმაციით, აფორმიროს მონაცემთა ბანკები და მარკეტინგული კვლევის მოდელების ბანკები და ა. შ.
GEORGIAN HIGHER EDUCATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ACCREDITATION PROCESS
Authors: Gelashvili Inga , Ostrianska Maryna
Published: December 2023

Over the past few years, within the framework of the reform of quality assurance of higher education, important changes have been made. The goal of the reform is higher education improving the quality of education in institutions and making it student-oriented providing an educational environment. As a result of carrying out 8 reforms, the quality assessment system of higher education was changed. Authorization standards and procedures have come in line with the highest with the quality assurance standards of theEuropean space of education and with the guiding principles. The system will become attractive to both locals and foreign students, the process of international recognition of education will be simplified, exchange and joint educational and research programs implementation. From this point of view, the authorization board is important, analysis of the decisions, as well as the assessment of the USD itself, the new authorization standards, their point of view regarding the revised standards. It is important to determine whether there are still problematic issues, different views and recommendations from universities.
The Power of Authentication of Notary Deed in Justice in Indonesia
Authors: Maskanah Umi , Oktavia Dian Melinda
Published: December 2023

Next to examine the second possibility of the matter in the case of the creation of the notarial deed itself so that the problem with the legal position (the Authentic Deed) in the courts, can be modeled due to the notary's lack of caution, so that the Authentic Deed is declared invalid (vide article 263 paragraph (1) CRIMINAL CODE), and/or in the absence of negligence of applying article 39 and article 40, then the notary can be made a party (defendant or secondary defendant) in the plaintiff's lawsuit, because according to Article 65 UUJN, a notary is responsible for any deed made by that notary, even if the notary protocol has been handed over to the depository of the notary protocols. Then the notary liability does not end even though the notary has retired, so that at any time he can be held accountable for a deed made before. In addition, there is a consequence that faces a notarial deed that is proven not to apply Article 39 and article 40, so that its power of evidence (in the trial) becomes like a private deed.

 

In practice, a notary is often drawn to participate in or act as a party to a criminal offence, such as putting false information in a notarial deed. It is an interesting matter to examine, because as it is known that a notarial deed as an Authentic Deed has the power of authenticating the deed as perfect, and binding for the judge to believe the contents of the notarial deed are true, in accordance with what has been explained by the parties in the deed, then in my opinion, a Notary cannot be drawn into participating in conducting or assisting in the criminal offence of providing false information in a notarial deed. Because the Notary in making an Authentic Deed is passive, but if it is proven after the examination by the Regional Supervisory Council, and the Regional Supervisory Council has allowed the Notary in question to be examined, then the Notary can be seated as the Defendant.
The Concept of Statement of Heirs to Support Legal Certainty in Indonesia
Authors: Nasrudin Udin
Published: December 2023

With regard to the concept of the statements of heirs to provide legal certainty, the notary is the only person authorized to draft the statements of heirs for all Indonesian citizens regardless of their classes. It is based on the UUJN (Law on the Role of Notaries) which states that notaries are authorized to establish evidence in the form of authentic deeds, including the statements of heirs. Notaries are legally established as the only officials or institution which is authorized to create the statements of heirs for all Indonesian people contained in Article 15 paragraph (1) of UUJN, on the authority of notaries to make authentic deeds. The position of Notary has its own authority, and the position itself must have legal rules, as a limitation so that the office can run well and not conflict with the authority of other positions. Making an heir's statement by a notary for all Indonesian citizens without any discrimination is in line with the concept of state law, and fulfills the legal certainty and equality before the law. Likewise, the notary's authority in making evidence as an heir or an heir's statement is also protected by UUJN, a step in line with Development Law Theory.
Liability of Land Deed Official (The PPAT) on Falsifying Document Under Indonesian Land Regulations
Authors: Sumartoputra Muhammad Ilham , Endipradja Firman Turmantara
Published: December 2023

Head of Sub-District as Temporary Land Registrar can be said to have the same authority as PPAT as official land deed maker, however in practice the Sub-District Head as Temporary PPAT often ignores existing regulations regarding deed, such as not reading the deed so that the contents of the land sale certificate cannot be understood by party. In addition, in the contents of the document there are many "entries" that are left blank so that doubts about the legal power of the deed he made becomes real. Based on the foregoing, the identification of the problem carried out is how the camat's responsibility as the official maker of temporary land deeds to the parties harmed by the deed he made is related to Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 concerning Land Deed Officials, how to protect the parties in making authentic deeds by the sub-district head as the official maker of temporary land deeds are associated with Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 concerning Officials of Land Deed and How to Settle due to the Sub-District's negligence in making authentic deeds by camat as temporary land deed official.

 

The specification of the research carried out is descriptive analytical, namely research by describing systematically, accurately, actually and comprehensively regarding the Acting Land Acting Officer. Method The approach used is normative juridical, namely research on legal principles carried out with legal norms which is a benchmark for behaving. The research phase used is through library research and field research.

 

The conclusion in this thesis is the responsibility of the subdistrict head as the official of the deed of land against the parties who were harmed by the deed he made related to Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 concerning the Acting Officer of Land Deed, while holding the responsibility accountable for negligence resulting in another person suffered losses, a form of accountability by receiving civil sanctions. The form of this civil sanction is with reimbursement of costs, interest and compensation, so that if an act is detrimental to the parties in making a deed, then the camat is responsible for all losses suffered by the parties. In addition, the legal protection of the parties in making authentic deeds by the camat as the official maker of temporary land deeds associated with Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 concerning Land Deed Makers is the Camat as the head of the region has the duty and authority to advance his territory and is authorized in making authentic deeds, this is due to the legalization of the sub-district head as the official maker of temporary land deeds. Therefore, the parties are obliged to obtain legal protection from legal products issued by the Camat as temporary land deed-making officials.
VIRTUAL HUB FOR SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA (POSH COSH AND HERBAL PRODUCT CASES)
Authors: Ibrahim Huda , Chareen Chit Suwannit , Rachmawati Irma
Published: December 2023

ASEAN countries are a melting pot of 617 million people with rich culture and unique skills and can only be found in this part of the world. Over the decades, this region had seen immense transformation due to the economic boom but still retained its historical identity. It is no wonder that one can see a blend of modern sophistication and traditional lifestyle existing side-by-side in ASEAN Countries today. Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are integral to the ASEAN Member States' economic development and growth. They vastly outnumber larger enterprises in both the number of establishments and share of the labor force they employ. The result of this hub requires active participation by multiple stakeholders, particularly the entrepreneurs. Therefore, their views are valuable to us and will be taken into consideration. It is hoped that the principles of openness, user-centricity, and stakeholder participation are upheld.
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE HOLDING COMPANY TO SUBSIDIARIES IN THE LETTER OF APPOINTMENT AND DETERMINATION OR ATPM AT PT. THERMO TECH SOLUTIONS ACCORDING TO LAW NO. 20 OF YEAR 2016 ABOUT BRAND
Authors: Tanjung Ahmad Feri , Heriyanti Heriyanti , Yang Angella
Published: December 2023

The rapid progress of the business world has its influence on businesses and companies. To spread its wings and develop its business formed an independent limited liability company but still in the same ownership and control that is still centralized commanded by a company commonly referred to as a holding company. In its activities, please be aware of the position of the holding company with subsidiaries as stated in the Statement and Appointment of ATPM regarding the use of the brand. Therefore, the issue raised in this thesis is how the holding company is responsible for the subsidiaries in the ATPM Statement and Appointment letter regarding the brand. This research uses the empirical legal research method or also called the observation method that is by processing and using field data as the main data source and library material related to the problem. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the responsibility of the holding company as a subsidiary in the letter of Appointment and Determination of ATPM regarding the brand is the holding company is fully responsible for the quality of products marketed by its subsidiaries, and the subsidiaries are fully responsible in case of brand misuse.
The Balancing Between The Principles Of Justice, Legal Certainty, And Expediency In The Implementation Of Auction Execution In The Settlement Of Civil Cases
Authors: Jaya Putra Erlan , Rodiah Siti , Hasan Djuhaendah
Published: December 2023

The ultimate goal of the law enforcement process is that the law guarantees the implementation of equal justice and protection for human dignity, order, peace, and legal certainty under the provisions of the law. Three principles must receive professional attention, although it is challenging to do in practice. Therefore, the Judge must make every effort so that every decision rendered contains the three principles that are the basis and purpose of the law. The research method used in this research is analytical descriptive data obtained from secondary legal sources. The data obtained from field studies and document studies are then analyzed in a qualitative juridical manner. After the data has been collected, it is poured into a logical and systematic description without using mathematical formulas. The purpose of a court is to obtain a judgment and decision-making that knows the actuality of the case. As well as the legal rules governing it that will be applied, both legal authorities wrote in legislation and unwritten law, and to analyze the application of the three principles in the judgment and decision making. The results prove that judgment and decision-making are unrest and unsortable in life without these three principles, especially for justice seekers. Furthermore, the research results show that in applying legal certainty, whatever happens, the rules are so and must be obeyed or implemented. The application of justice is fair if it can provide balanced treatment between rights and obligations. While utilization means that the law exists for humans, then implementing the law or law enforcement must benefit society.
JURIDICAL REVIEW OF BANKRUPTCY IN SIGNING AGREEMENT ON BUYING SELLING OF FLAT IN MEDAN
Authors: Heriyanti Heriyanti , Azharuddin Azharuddin , Thomasia Giovanni
Published: December 2023

Flats as a place to live with the hope of meeting the needs of the community, especially those who live in cities, there is no reduction in excessive land use and creating infiltration areas for water. With the increase in the number of people in 2010-2020 with an annual average of around 1.25%, it indirectly results in greater decent housing due to the dense population and limited land in the city, thus creating flats. The purpose of the study is to analyze the signing of the Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement (PPJB) for flats, the legal consequences if the developer of the flat goes bankrupt and dispute resolution if the settlement period by the developer defaults on the PPJB flats. The normative juridical method used in this study. With the results, the process of making PPJB flats must meet Article 1320 of the Civil Code as a condition for the validity of the agreement and be made before a Notary. Consequence with a declaration of bankruptcy against the developer resulting in general confiscation of the assets of all assets owned by the developer. Settlement of disputes caused by the inappropriateness of the apartment unit building or the lapse of the settlement period carried out by the developer, is carried out through a non-litigation process (out of court) and if there is no reconciliation, it can be continued with the litigation process (through the court process).
THE CONCEPT OF IMPLEMENTATION CREDIT AGREEMENTS THROUGH ONLINE MEDIA IN LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Azharuddin Azharuddin , Pakpahan Elvira Fitriani , Purba Riris Swastriona
Published: December 2023

The Indonesian state’s philosophical foundation is Pancasila (Five principles) and The 1945 Constitution which guarantees and provides legal protection for all Indonesian people. The provision of credit to debtors is contained in a credit agreement with a legal basis that still refers to Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Credit Agreement in banking is a standard agreement or standard with clauses determined by the bank. Legal subjects are creditors and debtors, namely individuals, business entities and legal entities. The notary has the authority to make an authentic deed for the parties who need it in terms of proof. There are two legal powers of proof in an authentic deed, namely formal and material. The granting of credit between the creditor (bank) and the debtor will be stated in the deed. The process of binding credit or implementing a credit agreement at a bank will require the services of a Notary and Land Deed Maker (PPAT) in binding debtor credit guarantees which will be adjusted to the provisions of each bank in the bank's operational standards for each credit facility and credit limit given to individual debtors, business entities and legal entities. The terms of implementing the credit agreement have not regulated offline media or online media and how the protection is provided to banks and debtors if the credit agreement is made online and the role of the Notary/PPAT as a general official in supporting the online credit agreement implementation process.
Barriers To The Implementation Of Internal Regulations Of Rsud Dr. R.M Djoelham Binjai In Realizing Good Clinical Governance In 2021
Authors: Isnainul OK , Pakpahan Kartina
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze: rules and regulations related to internal regulations in RSUD Dr. R.M. Djoelham Binjai, rules and regulations related to the implementation of good clinical service governance in Dr. RSUD. R.M. Djoelham Binjai, implementation of internal regulations of RSUD Dr. R.M. Djoelham Binjai in carrying out good clinical service governance. This type of research is a empirical juridical research using primary data and secondary data and data analysis carried out by qualitative methods. The results obtained: Regulations related to internal regulations at RSUD Dr. R.M. Djoelham Binjai is regulated in Binjai Mayor Regulation Number: 45 of 2018 concerning Hospital Internal Regulations (Hospital Bylaws) RSUD Dr. R.M. Djoelham City of Binjai which refers to the Decree of the Minister of Health Number: 772/MENKES/SK/VI/2002. The Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No.772/2002 was made based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 23 of 1992 concerning Health; Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 22 of 1999 concerning Regional Government, Government Regulation Number: 32 of 1966 concerning Health Workers and Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 159.b/1988 concerning Hospitals. RI Law Number: 23 of 1992 concerning Health has changed to RI Law Number: 36 of 2009 concerning Health while RI Law Number: 22 of 1999 concerning Regional Government has changed to RI Law Number: 23 of 2014 Regarding Regional Government while the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 159.b/1988 concerning Hospitals has changed to Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 3 of 2020 concerning Hospital Classification and Licensing; Regulations related to the implementation of good clinical service governance in RSUD Dr. R.M. Djoelham Binjai refers to the Regulation of the Mayor of Binjai Number: 45 of 2018 concerning Hospital Internal Regulations (Hospital Bylaws) RSUD Dr. R.M. Djoelham City of Binjai as the highest person in charge for establishing hospital operational policies covering the fields of medical and nursing services, general and financial services, as well as human resources; Barriers to the implementation of internal regulations of RSUD Dr. R.M. Djoelham Binjai in carrying out good clinical service governance is a human resource because each individual has a different character when carrying out his duties and responsibilities.
The application of the services of the social security administration agency in Hospitals in the perspective of the national social security system
Authors: Triyunarti Wiwin , Amanwinata Rukmana , Gde Pantja Astawa I
Published: December 2023

The relationship between the parties is a relationship based on law. Social security must cooperate with hospitals. Social security participants can use these hospitals under a tiered referral system, except in emergencies. This research examines the law conceptualized as norms or rules that apply in society by using a juridical approach through a statutory procedure, historical method, philosophical approach, and futuristic approach. Sources of data obtained using literature studies this literature study is carried out to find secondary data related to conceptions, theories, and opinions related to the problem under study. From the research, the state guarantees all cost difficulties, improves health services, and improves health status by implementing Universal Health Coverage. The ease of the treatment process using insurance is considered a significant benefit as a manifestation of the mandate of the Constitution. The guarantee of health costs for the community is realized in health financing. The government can also control the quality and cost of health organized by hospitals considering the impact received by the community as service recipients.
Legal Protection Of Buyers Against Land Mafia Crimes In The Making Of Sale And Purchase Deeds
Authors: Noor Aslan , Pratama Aditya , Arlianzha Anjas , Lutfianto Lukman , Arlond Senator Giovani Putra
Published: December 2023

This research discusses the legal protection for buyers in the context of land mafia crimes related to the making of a sale and purchase deed. Land mafia crimes have become a serious threat to property transactions, especially when involved in the creation of sale and purchase deeds. The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal protection available for buyers in dealing with land mafia crimes. This research uses the normative legal research methods by analyzing laws and regulations relating to property transactions and legal protection for buyers. The results showed that legal protection for buyers can be found in several legal instruments, such as the Basic Agrarian Law, the Law on Land Rights Guarantees, and the Law on Provincial Regulations on Spatial Planning. However, there are several challenges faced by buyers in protecting their rights related to property purchases. Land mafia crimes often involve complex practices and deception that are difficult to detect. In addition, vulnerabilities in the sale and purchase deed process and weak law enforcement are obstacles in providing effective protection for buyers. In this research, improvements are recommended in the legal system related to property transactions to provide stronger protection for buyers. Awareness-raising and education effort for the public are also important to prevent property deception and land mafia crimes. In addition, it needs to be close cooperation between the authorities, financial institutions and the public to tackle this problem. In conclusion, the legal protection for buyers in the context of land mafia crimes in making of sale and purchase deeds still requires serious attention. Improvement of law and regulations, increasing public awareness, and cooperation between institutions can help strengthen legal protection for property buyer.
The principle of legal certainty concerning the implementation of legalization according to the apostille convention viewed from an international civil law perspective
Authors: Minda Yuda Triyana Dewi
Published: December 2023

The principle of legal certainty is a foundational principle in the field of international law.   The law must possess clarity, predictability, and accessibility for all individuals.   The Apostille Convention is a multinational agreement that streamlines the procedure of authenticating public documents for international use. This is achieved by eliminating the need for authentication by a diplomatic or consular officer. This research study investigates the concept of legal certainty within the framework of the Apostille Convention.   In writing this legal research, the author uses the concept of legal research with a comparative approach to compare the application of Apostille in Indonesia with Apostille in other countries. According to the researcher, implementing the Apostille Convention, already underway in Indonesia, has yet to fulfil reasonable legal assurance regarding international private law. The reason is that international law has a different legal system and regulations; the HCCH organization, as an Apostille melting pot, still needs legal arrangements that apply to all convention countries equally. Indonesia has more documents that can be ratified in submitting an Apostille application, but not all countries are the same in confirming an Apostille document.
The Status Of Deeds Of Shareholders’ General Meeting Made By Notary Through Teleconference Media Based On The Law Number Two Of 2014
Authors: Saptarina Vina
Published: December 2023

The provisions of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning limited liability companies, specifically Article 77 Paragraph (1), stipulate that a General Meeting of Shareholders (hereinafter referred to as GMS) can be conducted through teleconferencing. Naturally, this provision facilitates shareholders in convening GMS meetings. Yet, in this case, Law Number 40 of 2007 does not provide a comprehensive explanation of the procedures for organizing a General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS). The organization of a General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS), wherein the minutes of the meeting are crafted directly by a notary in the form of an authentic deed, must conform to the regulations as stipulated in Law Number 40 of 2014 regarding the role and position of a notary. It is important to note that the minutes of a GMS conducted via teleconference, the aforementioned documentation, which will later be formalized into an authentic deed by a notary, must still adhere to the stipulations set forth in notary law. This compliance is essential due to the legal implications associated with the authentic deed and its impact on the notary's professional responsibilities. In this study, the normative-legal method was employed to analyze legal issues arising from and related to legal norms, as stipulated in statutory regulations. This approach was complemented by a library research method, specifically involving the examination of library materials. During this phase, the analysis of secondary data was conducted, encompassing an exploration of the legal norms, laws, and regulations applicable in Indonesia.
Legal and governance issues of donations based crowdfunding: an appraisal
Authors: Nor Mohd Zakhiri Md , Azhar Alias , Rachmawati Irma , Sumadikara T. Subarsyah , Turmantar Firman , Sumantry Deden , Mulyadi Leni Wini , Santika Tisni , Septianita Hesti , Saba Irum
Published: December 2023

Donation-based crowdfunding is now common in many countries in the world. It has been increasingly important, particularly during Covid-19, and is viewed as one of the strategies for addressing financial challenges in some segments of society. Government and non-governmental organizations. However, the scammer activities via crowdfunding are increasing and Malaysian laws are only regulated the Equity Crowdfunding (ECF) and Peer to Peer Financing (P2P) This paper will focus the discussion of Malaysia's legal framework for crowdfunding. The paper investigates the issues surrounding donation-based crowdfunding in Malaysia. This paper employs qualitative methodology and phenomenology as a case design. Data will be gathered from statues, journals, and other written materials. Thematic and content analysis will be used to analyse the data. This paper discovered that there are issues with donation-based crowdfunding conducted by individuals or non-governmental organizations. This paper concludes thatthere is a pressing need to regulate donation-based crowdfunding in Malaysia in order for it to achieve the donor goals and Maqasid Syariah.
Security in islamic finance shariah compliance and the new civil court's approach to dispute resolution
Authors: Mohamad Ani Munirah , Md Nor Mohd Zakhiri , Rachmawati Irma
Published: December 2023

Malaysia has a dual financial system that includes both conventional banking and Islamic banking. Over time, Islamic banking has evolved to the point where it has enticed traditional banks to offer Shariah-compliant products as well. However, even though conventional banks have provided Shariah-compliant products, the Islamic bank's obligation to provide Islamic banking services remains. The goal of this article is to look at the measures in the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 that assure Shariah-compliance security for Islamic banks. This paper also investigates the current approach of civil courts in resolving disputes. The qualitative research methodology was used in this paper. The phenomenology method was used in the research design. Data will be gathered from journals, statutes, and case law. The data will be analyzed using the content analysis method. This paper concludes that it is a heavy-duty of every Islamic bank to ensure Shariah compliance security, and the current civil court approach is that the Islamic banking agreement is still enforceable even if it does not comply with Shariah law. Islamic banking agreements that are in accordance with Shariah law or are not perfectly in accordance with Shariah law are both valid and legal
Common Practices in the Quebec Translation Milieu with Respect to Canadian English Usage
Authors: York Christine
Published: December 2023

The widespread adoption of translation technologies and the availability of online tools has reshaped not only the translation process, but also research methods, as translators gradually abandon print resources in favour of online ones. What happens when reference materials like dictionaries—generally seen as authoritative in matters of spelling and style—are infrequently updated, or if translators become less reliant on them? Given that one of the major Canadian English reference books, The Canadian Oxford Dictionary (COD), was last published in 2004, translators who work from French and other languages into English have had to complement their research with other sources. What has been the impact on their common practices? In 2022, the author carried out a study composed of a survey, which had 60 respondents, and 11 semi-directed interviews. It sought to ascertain the impact of evolving research methods and the lack of up-to-date reference materials on the habits of working translators in Quebec and Canada and in particular, on how they follow the spelling, style and vocabulary of Canadian English as a language variety. Given that Canadian English is notable in two ways—for the presence of French as a co-official language, leading to numerous borrowings and influences, and for its position as a settler colonial variety of English, whose vocabulary reflects contact with Indigenous languages, particularly with regard to toponymy—one might expect those aspects to provide ongoing challenges to translators in the current environment. The results show that while the role of dictionaries is in transition, respondents consider it a matter of responsibility and a point of identity to follow Canadian spelling and style, and they view linguistic variation more broadly as a source of cultural richness and diversity.
De je à toi, une question inter-subjective de la traduction. Réflexion à partir de la traduction de Peau noire, masques blancs de Frantz Fanon
Authors: Zhang Florence Xiangyun
Published: December 2023

Partant d’une tendance à uniformiser les sujets nous et je constatée dans la traduction anglaise de Peau noire, masques blancs de Frantz Fanon, le présent article réfléchit sur la traduction de différentes subjectivités. Appuyé par les deux traductions existantes en anglais qui soulèvent des problèmes communs, notre questionnement est surtout basé sur notre propre exercice de la traduction du même ouvrage vers la langue chinoise. Comment démêler les nombreuses présences de je qui mettent en voix et en mouvement des corps et des expériences? Comment restituer l’écriture poétique performative? Ces questions nous conduisent vers une interrogation sur la relation avec l’autre qui est au centre de la pensée de Fanon et essentielle pour toute réflexion sur la traduction.
Causes for Conscientious Objection in Medical Aid in Dying: A Scoping Review
Authors: Triviño-Caballero Rosana , Parra Jounou Iris , Roldán Gómez Isabel , López de la Vieja Teresa
Published: December 2023

In the light of current legislation on Medical Aid in Dying (MAiD; also known as euthanasia and assisted suicide) in different countries worldwide, there have been some arguments devoted to the right to conscientious objection for healthcare professionals in these specific practices. The goals of this scoping review are to provide an overview of the motivations and causes that lie behind conscientious objection identified by previous literature according to professionals’ experiences and to verify if these motives match with theoretical debates on conscientious objection. As the results show, there is a dissonance between the motivations included in the traditional and mainstream definition of conscientious objection used in theoretical and speculative frameworks and the actual factors that empirical studies note as reported motivations to object to MAiD. Hence, either we consider new factors to include as causes of “conscience”, or we accept that there are motivations that are not actually applicable to conscientious objection and should be addressed by other means. As conscientious objection to MAiD is multifaceted, there can be different kinds of motivations acting at the same time. It is thus pertinent to rebalance theoretical and empirical considerations to fully understand the complexity of the phenomenon and so provide insights on how to best deal with conscientious objection.
Éthique et collaboration avec les communautés autochtones : la pratique ethnographique et les angles morts de la bureaucratie de la recherche
Authors: Duchesne Émile
Published: December 2023

L’engouement pour la recherche en contexte autochtone a fait en sorte que des balises formelles ont été implantées pour encadrer la venue des chercheurs dans les communautés. Bien que bienvenue, cette implantation ne s’est pas faite sans une bureaucratisation accrue des relations de recherche. Il appert que de nombreuses communautés autochtones, dont les ressources sont limitées, ne sont pas bien outillées pour faire face aux impératifs administratifs préconisés par les protocoles en recherche autochtone. Partant d’expériences de recherche anthropologique de terrain en contexte innu, le présent article montre comment des relations de recherche respectueuses ont pu être implantées en dehors du cadre bureaucratique et administratif généralement préconisé par les protocoles de recherche. Le coeur de cette démarche se situe dans la participation radicale du chercheur à la vie sociale et plus particulièrement à la prise au sérieux des prémisses de socialité des personnes avec qui il travaille. L’erreur serait de penser que cette démarche de collaboration se situe dans l’informalité : elle se situe plutôt dans un cadre éminemment formel qui correspond aux critères et valeurs des collaborateurs autochtones du chercheur.
Локальная политика как исследовательский вызов: опыт отдела по исследованию политических институтов и процессов в изучении локальных практик
Authors: Витковская Т.Б.
Published: December 2023

The article focuses on research efforts of the Department for Studying Political Institutions and Processes of PFRC UB RAS (former Perm Branch for Studying Political Institutions and Processes of Institute of Philosophy and Law of UB RAS) to study local politics in modern Russia. This research covers the last fifteen years; during some part of this period, the topic was outside the Russian political science mainstream, nowadays it is supported and developed by the Russian scientific community. The purpose of the article is to present the subject and problem field of local political research to specialists and everyone interested in local issues and politics in the territorial context.
ÇOKLU DUYUSAL ÜRÜN TASARIMINDA FİKİR GELİŞTİRME İÇİN SİNESTETİK DÜŞÜNME
Authors: MERTER Sevi
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışma, sinestezinin tasarım sürecinde ilham ve/veya yöntem olarak kullanımını tartışan çalışmalara dair sistematik bir literatür taraması sunmaktadır. Çalışmada, sinestetik düşünmenin çoklu duyusal ürün tasarımında bir fikir geliştirme yöntemi olarak potansiyeli değerlendirilmiş ve sinestezinin ürün tasarımı alanındaki uygulamaları ile ilgilenen tasarımcılara ve araştırmacılara bir içgörü sunulması amaçlanmıştır. İncelenen 21 akademik yayının tematik analizi sonucunda, (1) duyusal bağlantıların tasarım sürecinin fikir geliştirme aşamasında kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesi ve stratejik bir şekilde kullanımı, (2) tasarım sürecinde sinestetik deneyimlere dayalı geleneksel olmayan yöntemlerin kullanımı ve (3) tasarım sürecinde disiplinler arası iş birliği ve kullanıcı geri bildirimleri ile sinestetik düşünmenin aktive edilmesini ifade eden üç tema elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, algısal, metaforik ve temsili yönleriyle sinestezinin, tasarım sürecinin özellikle fikir geliştirme aşamasında güçlü bir yöntem olma niteliği taşıdığını işaret eder. Sinestetik düşünme yöntemi ile estetik, işlevsel, duyusal, duygusal vb. ürün özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, tasarım fikrinin somutlaşması vb. konusunda duyu odaklı ve insan odaklı bir yaklaşım ile, kullanıcıların duyusal, davranışsal ve duygusal deneyimlerinin zenginleştirilmesi mümkündür. Sinestetik düşünme, farklı duyusal modaliteler arasındaki ilişkiler, metaforik bağlantılar, duyusal kombinasyonlar ile duyguların eşleştirilmesi, olağan/olağandışı duyusal etkileşimler vb. ile yeni ürün özellikleri ve kullanıcı deneyimlerine ilham olabilecek duyusal bağlantılar sunar. Aynı zamanda, sinestetik deneyim ve unsurların hedeflenen ürün-kullanıcı etkileşimi ve deneyimi ile ilişkisini keşfetmeye yardımcı olacak senaryolar geliştirilmesini sağlar. Bu bağlamda, ürün tasarımı süreçlerinde sinestetik yaklaşımın benimsenmesi, hem tasarımcılara geleneksel tasarım yöntemlerinin ötesine geçen daha yaratıcı, sistematik yöntemler sunar hem de kullanıcıların duyusal algı sistemlerini harekete geçiren daha özgün ve yenilikçi ürünlerin tasarlanmasına olanak tanır.