bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the edible film production from red pitaya peel powder, konjac glucomannan and kappa carrageenan
Authors: Putri Widya Dwi Rukmi , Rahma Rizka Aulia , Wardana Ata Aditya , Wijayanti Zahratul Hasanah , Nur Mokhamad , Mubarok Ahmad Zaki
Published: August 2023

Red pitaya, one of Indonesia's most abundantly produced horticultural products, offers a sustainable solution for reducing waste by utilizing its peel in the production of an edible film. This research aimed to develop an edible film from red pitaya peel (RPP) flour and Kappa carrageenan (Carr) with the optimal physical and mechanical properties. Konjac (K) was added to improve the brittleness and compactness of the film specimens. This study employed a central composite design (CCD) with two variables, RPP and Carr, with proportions ranging from 0.4% − 1.1% (w/v) and 0.29% − 1.71% (w/v), respectively. The optimized proportions of 0.50% (w/v) RPP and 1.28% (w/v) K-Carr resulted in the production of edible film with a tensile strength (TS) value of 7.75 MPa, elongation of 103%, thickness (T) of 99.8 µm, color L (72.5), a* (13.9), b* (0.5), opacity (O) of 4.56 mm− 1, water solubility (WS) of 81%, and water absorption capacity (WAC) of 863%.
Efficient Ring Signature for Cross-chain Data Sharing in Blockchain-enabled Cold-chain Logistics System
Authors: Zhang Yang , Tang Yu , Li Chaoyang , Zhang Hua
Published: August 2023

Blockchain-enabled cold-chain logistics system (BCCLS) has well solved the centralized problem in traditional systems. However, along with that different logistics entities establish their own distributed blockchain ledger, which brings new “data island” and privacy leakage problems for BCCLS. In this paper, a transaction ring signing model with a multi-chain fusion mechanism has been introduced first which helps to achieve secure cross-chain data sharing. Meanwhile, a ring signature (RS) scheme is proposed with lattice assumption, which can protect the user privacy and cross-chain transactions. The lattice hard problem improves the anti-quantum security of the transaction ring signing model. Then, the security proof has been executed with random oracle model, and the results show that this RS scheme can get anonymity under full key exposure and unforgeability under insider attack. The efficiency comparison and performance evaluation show the efficiency and practical of the proposed multi-chain fusion model and RS scheme.
On non-principal arithmetical numberings and families
Authors: Faizrahmanov Marat
Published: August 2023

The paper studies \(\Sigma^0_n\) -computable families ( \(n\geqslant 2\) ) and their numberings. It is proved that any non-trivial $\Sigma^0_n$-computable family has a complete with respect to any of its elements $\Sigma^0_n$-computable non-principal numbering. It is established that if a $\Sigma^0_n$-computable family is not principal, then any of its $\Sigma^0_n$-computable numberings has a minimal cover and, if the family is infinite, is incomparable with one of its minimal $\Sigma^0_n$-computable numberings. It is also shown that for any $\Sigma^0_n$-computable numbering \(\nu\) of a $\Sigma^0_n$-computable non-principal family there exists its $\Sigma^0_n$-computable numbering that is incomparable with $\nu$. If a non-trivial $\Sigma^0_n$-computable family contains the least and greatest elements under inclusion,then for any of its $\Sigma^0_n$-computable non-principal non-least numberings $\nu$ there exists a $\Sigma^0_n$-computable numbering of the family incomparable with $\nu$. In particular, this is true for the family of all $\Sigma^0_n$-sets and for the families consisting of two inclusion-comparable $\Sigma^0_n$-sets (semilattices of the $\Sigma^0_n$-computable numberings of such families are isomorphic to the semilattice of \(m\) -degrees of $\Sigma^0_n$-sets).
MSC Classification: 03D45
An often-overestimated ecological risk of copper in Chinese surface water: Bioavailable fraction determined by multiple linear regression of water quality parameters
Authors: Liao Wei , Zheng Yutao , Feng Chenglian , Zhong Wenjun , Zhu Ziwei , Xie Huiyu , Li Wenpan , Jin Xiaowei , Giesy John P.
Published: August 2023

Background
Risks of adverse ecological effects of copper (Cu) conditions of water quality parameters were not fully understood in China. Here, a multiple linear regression approach was employed to assess risks posed by Cu under various conditions of water quality. Results of the approach were compared to assessments in Chinese surface waters that did not consider water quality parameters that might affect availability of Cu.
Results
Under prevalent water quality conditions of hardness = 150.0 mg/L, pH = 7.8, and DOC = 3.0 mg/L, across China, the predicted no effect concentration for total, dissolved Cu was 9.71 µg/L. Based on results of the preliminary risk quotients method, 1.19% of sites were classified as “high risk”, only one sixth of the percentage of sites with “high risk” than the proportion predicted when not considering water quality parameters, which was 7.51%. Similar results were obtained by application of both the margin of safety and joint probability curve methods, both of which overestimated risks posed by Cu to aquatic organisms in China.
Conclusion
After correcting for bioavailability based on water quality parameters, based on both concentrations and frequencies, regions of China at greatest risk from adverse effects of Cu were the Hai River (Haihe), Huai Rivers (Huaihe) and Chao Lake. These findings provide a comprehensive method for a more accurate assessment of risks of adverse effects of Cu to aquatic life in surface waters.
Reported Safety of Hepatitis C Virus Direct-Acting Antivirals With Opioids: 2017 to 2021
Authors: Martinez Anthony , Khan Tipu , Dylla Douglas E. , Marcinak John , Collins Michelle , Saget Brad , Conway Brian
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Due to concerns over potential interactions between some hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and opioids, we describe adverse event (AE) reports of concomitant use of opioids and DAAs.
Methods: AEs reported (July 28, 2017 to December 31, 2021) with the administration of the DAAs glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir, and elbasvir/grazoprevir as suspect products were downloaded from the US Food and Drug Administration AE Reporting System Public Dashboard. The number of AE reports containing opioids (fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone) as co-suspect products/concomitant products were counted and summarized by severity, reporting country and whether an outcome of death was reported. Overdose AEs were counted irrespective of opioid use, and changes over time were assessed.
Results: In total 40 AEs were reported for DAAs and concomitant fentanyl use, 25 were in the USA, 14 resulted in death and 13 were considered serious; and 626 were reported with concomitant oxycodone/hydrocodone use, 596 were in the USA, 28 resulted in death an 296 were considered serious. There were 196 overdose AEs (32 deaths) declining from 2018 (N=56) to 2021 (N=29).
Conclusions: Treating people with HCV infection who use drugs is key to achieving HCV elimination. Low numbers of DAA AE reports with opioids may provide reassurance to prioritize HCV treatment in this population.
The Impact of Nasal Intubation on Feeding Outcomes in Neonates Requiring Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Yildirim Melissa I. , Spaeder Michael C. , Castro Barbara A. , Chamberlain Rebecca , Fuzy Lisa , Howard Sarah , McNaull Peggy , Raphael Jacob , Sharma Ruchik , Vizzini Samantha , Wielar Amy , Frank Deborah U.
Published: August 2023

Neonates who require surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) frequently have difficulty with oral feeds post-operatively and may require a feeding tube at hospital discharge. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oral or nasal intubation route on feeding method at hospital discharge. This was a non-blinded randomized control trial of 62 neonates who underwent surgery for CHD between 2018-2021. Infants in the nasal (37 patients) and oral (25 patients) groups were similar in terms of pre-operative risk factors for feeding difficulties including gestational age at birth (39 vs 39 weeks), birthweight (3530 vs 3100 grams), preoperative PO intake (92% vs 81%), and rate of preoperative intubation (28% vs 22%). Surgical risk factors were also similar including STAT category, shunt placement (32% vs 41%), cardiopulmonary bypass time (181 vs 177 minutes), and cross clamp time (111 vs 105 minutes). 96% of nasally intubated patients took full oral feeds by discharge as compared with 78% of orally intubated infants. Nasally intubated infants reached full oral feeds an average of three days earlier than their orally intubated peers. In this cohort of patients, nasally intubated infants reach oral feeds more quickly and are less likely to require supplemental tube feeding in comparison to orally intubated peers. Intubation route is a potential modifiable risk factor for oral aversion and appears safe in neonates. The study was approved by the University of Virginia Institutional Review Board for Health Sciences Research and was retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05378685) on May 18, 2022.
Are public sector workers in Ghana overpaid? Evidence from a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis.
Authors: Kaba Jeffrey
Published: August 2023

This paper employs the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method to estimate the private-public sector wage gap, investigating the public sector wage premium using an analytical sample of 876 wage workers. These workers were drawn from a nationally representative household dataset - the seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 7) data. The results suggest that private sector workers, including those in the informal sector, earn lower wages than their counterparts possessing the same level of human capital in the public sector. However, the wage gap becomes statistically insignificant when observed among formal private sector workers and formal public sector wage workers. Returns to education in the public sector surpass those in the private sector, particularly for the secondary and tertiary graduates. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate about private-public wage differentials by introducing context-specific insights from Ghana, particularly when comparing the wages of formal private and public workers. Although the results challenge the common belief that private sector workers receive significantly less premium than public sector workers, this paper underscores the importance of formalizing the predominantly informal private sector as a policy measure to reduce the private-public wage gap.
Dynamic Sets Theory: Sit-elements and Their Applications
Authors: Danilishin Oleksander , Danilishin Illia
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the article is to create new constructive mathematical objects for new technologies, in particular for a fundamentally new type of neural network with parallel computing, and not with the usual parallel computing through sequential computing.
Reassessment of inducible clarithromycin resistance inMycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus associated with diagnosis, treatment intervention, and sputum culture conversion in patients with Mycobacterium abscessus species pulmonary disease
Authors: Yoshida Shiomi , Tsuyuguchi Kazunari , Kobayashi Takehiko , Kurahara Yu , Shimatani Yasuaki , Arai Toru
Published: August 2023

This study assessed the characteristics of inducible clarithromycin resistance (IR) in Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (MAB) associated with diagnosis, treatment intervention, and sputum culture conversion in patients with M. abscessus species pulmonary disease (MABS-PD). The proportion of patients with non-IR MAB T28 diagnosed with MABS-PDand treatment intervention rateswere lower than those of patients with IR or acquired resistant T28 (P < 0.05), whereas the sputum culture conversion rate was higher in patients with non-IR MAB T28 (P < 0.01). Among the 6 patients with C28, 4 (66.7%) of 5 patients with non-IR showed favourable microbiological outcomes.
Treatment of Potted Zebra Plant and Inch Plant with Antigibberellin Plant Growth Regulators Slows Stem Elongation in an Interior Green Wall
Authors: Wiens Lane W. , Williams Kimberly A.
Published: August 2023

In commercial interior green walls, plant trimming and replacement necessitated by stem elongation under low interior light levels is labor intensive and costly. Antigibberellin plant growth regulators (PGRs) may slow stem elongation and thus reduce maintenance costs in this environment. In Expt. 1, two PGRs were applied as foliar spray or drench to three spiderwort selections [two of zebra plant (Tradescantia zebrina) and one of inch plant (Tradescantia fluminensis)] immediately before installation in a green wall, each at three rates: ancymidol (ANC) foliar spray at 25, 100, and 200 mg·L−1; paclobutrazol (PBZ) foliar spray at 20, 80, and 160 mg·L−1; and PBZ drench at 1, 4, and 8 mg·L−1, along with an untreated control. In Expt. 2, 80 mg·L−1 PBZ foliar spray, 1 mg·L−1 PBZ applied via subirrigation four times, and the combination of these two treatments, was evaluated on ‘Burgundy’ zebra plant. In both experiments, plants were placed in a vertical modular tray interior green wall. Change in total stem and specific internode length were measured every 14 days after installation for 3 months to calculate growth per month. Antigibberellin application slowed internode elongation of spiderwort selections during the first month after installation. Antigibberellins were more effective in zebra plant at reducing overall stem growth rate and less so on inch plant. Across the three spiderwort selections, 25 mg·L−1 foliar spray of ANC resulted in no difference in growth rate when compared with the control, although 100 to 200 mg·L−1 foliar spray was effective. Based on the results of both experiments, moderate and high rates of PBZ, applied both as a foliar spray and drench, resulted in similar reduction in stem elongation. PBZ applied as 20 to 80 mg·L−1 foliar spray, 4 mg·L−1 drench before installation in the wall, or a combination of an 80 mg·L−1 PBZ pre-installation foliar spray and recurring 1 mg·L−1 via subirrigation (four times) were effective at growth suppression of spiderworts for at least 3 months. Even rates of PBZ of 160 mg·L−1 foliar spray or 8 mg·L−1 drench did not show phytotoxicity in treated plants and could be considered for use. We recommend a pre-installation application of 80 mg·L−1 foliar spray or 4 mg·L−1 drench for controlling stem growth across spiderwort selections. Application of antigibberellin PGRs to plants before installation in green walls slows stem growth and can contribute to reduced maintenance costs.
Pencarian Jadwal Kuliah Pengganti
Authors: Wijana Katon , Oslan Yetli , Kristanto Harianto
Published: August 2023

Jadwal kuliah telah ditetapkan sejak registrasi mahasiswa dilakukan, namun pada prakteknya jadwal tersebut ada kemungkinan gagal dilaksanakan oleh karena berbagai sebab, seperti misalnya dosen ada keperluan penting lain pada jadwal tersebut, hari libur nasional atau alasan lainnya. Sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan akademik, banyaknya tatap muka perkuliahan sudah ditentukan yaitu 14 kali tatap muka (pertemuan), oleh sebab itu apabila ada tatap muka perkuliahan yang gagal dilaksanakan harus diganti dengan jadwal pengganti.
                  Pencarian jadwal pengganti kuliah tidak semata-mata memperhatikan jadwal dosen yang bersangkutan, namun juga harus memperhatikan ketersediaan ruang kuliah dan jadwal kuliah masing-masing mahasiswa supaya semua mahasiswa dipastikan dapat hadir (tidak sedang kuliah mata kuliah lain), sehingga jadwal pengganti dapat dilaksanakan tanpa mengganggu kegiatan mahasiswa.
    Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya, pada penelitian mengenai generator jadwal kuliah yang lalu dilakukan dengan teknik pencarian dan penyaringan, pada penelitian kali ini sistem akan menampilkan semua alternatif jadwal pengganti yang dapat dilaksanakan tanpa mengganggu jadwal dosen, jadwal mahasiswa maupin jadwal pemakaian ruangan dengan memanfaatkan query multiple table dengan relasi outer join.
                Pencarian jadwal pengganti kuliah tidak semata-mata memperhatikan jadwal dosen yang bersangkutan, namun juga harus memperhatikan ketersediaan ruang kuliah dan jadwal kuliah masing-masing mahasiswa supaya semua mahasiswa dipastikan dapat hadir (tidak sedang kuliah mata kuliah lain), sehingga jadwal pengganti dapat dilaksanakan tanpa mengganggu kegiatan mahasiswa.
   Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya, pada penelitian mengenai generator jadwal kuliah yang lalu dilakukan dengan teknik pencarian dan penyaringan, pada penelitian kali ini sistem akan menampilkan semua alternatif jadwal pengganti yang dapat dilaksanakan tanpa mengganggu jadwal dosen, jadwal mahasiswa maupin jadwal pemakaian ruangan dengan memanfaatkan query multiple table dengan relasi outer join.
Keywords :  Jadwal pengganti, alternatif jadwal, outter join
Analisis Kandungan Zat Gizi, Fenol, Flavonoid, Fitat, dan Tanin pada Sorgum (Sorgum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Authors: Avif Adnan Nur , Dewi Aptika Oktaviana Trisna
Published: August 2023

This research studied the nutrition, phenols, flavonoids, phytates, and tannins of kawali and bioguma sorghum. The samples were obtained from marketplaces harvested in East Nusa Tenggara. Analysis of nutrients in sorghum includes tests for water content (gravimetry), ash (ashing), fat (soxhlet), crude fiber (enzymatic), and protein (kjeldahl). The water content, protein, fat, ash, and crude fiber content in the Kawali variety was relatively higher than in the Bioguma variety. Still, the carbohydrate content (by difference) was lower, namely 72.92% and 77.47% for the Bioguma variety. Phytate content (403.95 vs. 105.59) mg/100g, phenolics (1519.88 vs. 591.76) mg/100g, tannins (611.50 vs. 155.35) mg/100g, and flavonoids (42.45 vs. 10.52) mg/100g in kawali sorghum are almost four times higher than the bioguma variety. Two varieties of sorghum have different appearances and nutritional contents. The Kawali variety of sorghum has higher phenol, flavonoid, tannin, and phytate content than the Bioguma variety.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kandungan zat gizi, fenol, flavonoid, fitat, dan tanin dari sorgum jenis kawali dan bioguma. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari lokapasar yang dipanen di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Analisis zat gizi dalam sorgum meliputi uji kadar air (gravimetri), abu (pengabuan), lemak (soxhlet), serat kasar (enzimatis), dan  protein (kjeldahl). Analisis komponen non gizi meliputi fitat, fenolik, tanin, dan flavonoid dengan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan air, protein, lemak, abu, dan serat kasar dalam varietas kawali relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan varietas bioguma. Adapun kadar karbohidrat (by difference) lebih rendah yaitu sebesar 72,92% dan 77,47% untuk varietas Bioguma. Kadar senyawa fitat (403,95 vs 105,59) mg/100g, fenolik (1519,88 vs 591,76) mg/100g, tanin  (611,50 vs 155,35) mg/100g dan flavonoid (42,45 vs 10,52) mg/100g dalam sorgum kawali lebih tinggi hampir empat kali lipat dibanding varietas bioguma. Kedua varietas sorgum tersebut memiliki penampilan dan kandungan zat gizi yang berbeda. Sorgum varietas kawali memiliki kandungan fenol, flavonoid, tanin, dan fitat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas bioguma.
Non-contact model test and numerical simulation of plastic zone in sandy soil foundation
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Liu Yuchen , Zeng Yongqing , Liu Sanxian , Wang Yuxin , Zhang Yinghuan
Published: August 2023

Reasonable determination of the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation is of great significance in engineering applications. Based on the self-developed non-contact testing device for the plastic zone of shallow foundation, this paper carries out model test research on the plastic zone of sandy soil shallow foundation and analyzes the development law of plastic zone under the action of foundation load. The main advantages and functional characteristics of the foundation plastic zone test system are that it can realize the non-contact test of displacement deformation of soil, the dynamic development process of shear deformation, and the plastic zone of model foundation can be obtained intuitively. The development process, morphological boundary characteristics, and foundation failure mode of the plastic zone of the sand foundation are obtained. The plastic zone of the foundation starts from the edges of both sides of the bearing plate; with the increase of the load, the plastic zone gradually develops downward and approaches to the center line, and finally crosses through at the bottom until the local shear failure of the foundation occurs. The measured plastic zone is a symmetrical spindle shape with thin ends and a bulge in the middle; the sand on both sides of the bearing plate partially bulges, forming a “V” shaped shear failure zone, and the bottom of bearing plate forms a triangular compression zone, the foundation failure mode of sandy soil represents a typical punching shear failure mode. In order to study the distribution characteristics of the plastic zone range of foundation under different foundation loads and foundation widths, the Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) based on the discrete element method is used for numerical simulation research. By conducting parameterized numerical simulation test for the plastic zone of foundation and analyzing the results, with the changes in the foundation load and the foundation width, the variation law of (1) the depth of the plastic zone on the foundation bottom, (2) the width of the plastic zone on both sides of the foundation, (3) the ratio for the depth of plastic zone to the width of foundation, (4) the ratio for the width of plastic zone to the width of foundation and (5) the ratio for the width of plastic zone to the depth of plastic zone is obtained. The research has significant guiding significance for the study of the development law of plastic zone and foundation design.
Altitude influence on the explosion shock wave pressure distribution
Authors: Wang Liangquan , Kong Deren , Xu Chundong
Published: August 2023

The explosion shock wave pressure distribution law is significantly affected by the altitude. It is very important to clarify the altitude impact on the explosion shock wave pressure propagation law for guiding the shock wave pressure test and accurately evaluating the ammunition damage power. The paper reviews the finite element numerical simulation and actual testing results of researchers at home and abroad regarding the propagation of explosive shock wave pressure through different air and water mediums, and clarifies the impact of altitude on characterization parameters of shock wave pressure such as peak pressure, impulse, and positive pressure duration. Based on the current research status both domestically and internationally, we have pointed out the main problems that still exist in the current research process and proposed research directions that need to be focused on in subsequent studies.
Dynamic characteristics of PX single loop gear train considering weak nonlinear factors of intertooth system
Authors: Zhang Wenting , Liu Jiamin , Zhou Xintao , Cui Yahui
Published: August 2023

Due to the non-linear factors of the single loop gear system and the inter-tooth system, is sometimes difficult to establish an accurate nonlinear dynamic model, which leads to the large deviation between the dynamic characteristics and the actual situation. According to the structural characteristics and dynamic mechanism of nonlinear factors, the bond graph power junction with switching characteristics is adopted. This method is used to establish the model of the single loop gear system and the inter-tooth system respectively. On this basis, the amplitude-phase-frequency characteristics of PX single loop gear systems are obtained by numerical simulation analysis. Eventually, the dynamic stability of single loop gear system is judged based on this characteristic index. The study shows that the dynamic stability of PX type single loop gear system is unsteady in the nonlinear state. In addition, it is concluded that when the whole single loop gear system is unstable, its system module also has the same unstability.
Fenton and solar Fenton processes: inexpensive green technologies for the decontamination of wastewater from toxic Rhodamine B dye pollutant
Authors: Gayathri Padinchare Veettil , Joseph Shijo , Yesodharan Suguna , Yesodharan E. P.
Published: August 2023

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are projected as relatively cleaner technologies for the abatement of water pollution. This paper investigates the Fenton process as a potential tool for the degradation and eventual mineralization of a textile dye, Rhodamine B (RhB), in water. The effects of activation sources such as microwave (MW), ultrasound (US), and solar energy (SL) on the efficiency of the process were tested. Solar and solar catalytic Fenton processes are identified as the best processes and accordingly, relevant reaction parameters are identified and optimized. The optimum ratio of Fe2+:H2O2 obtained is 1:3 at 15 mg/l of RhB concentration and at pH 3–3.5, showing a degradation efficiency of 47% within 30 min of solar irradiation. ZnO enhanced solar Fenton mineralization of RhB. Persulfate (PS) enhances degradation moderately. The study demonstrated the potential of recycling Fe2+ by periodic replenishment of H2O2. Major reaction intermediates formed were identified by the LC-MS method. Photoluminescence (PL) spectral studies showed a progressive increase in •OH radical formation during solar irradiation. The study has proven that solar Fenton and solar catalytic Fenton processes are efficient AOPs for the complete mineralization of RhB and thus present an economic and environment-friendly technology to remove recalcitrant RhB pollutants from water.
The risk of bacterial virulence in the face of concentrated river pollution
Authors: Al Haj Ishak Al Ali Roukaya , Mondamert Leslie , Crepin Alexandre , Al Badany Maha , Jandry Joelle , Berjeaud Jean-Marc , Labanowski Jerome
Published: August 2023

The decrease in low-water flows and the increase in water temperature and other parameters as observed in the rivers over the last 50 years suggest that a concentration of compounds and pollutants is taking place, in connection with climate change and/or anthropisation (without discerning their respective contributions). These effects occur in a context where the rivers are already impacted by the presence of many pollutant cocktails (pesticides, drugs, and others). The authors now show that these pollutant cocktails – at the environmental concentrations currently found – constitute a threat to human health through their possible effects on the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. While certain genes of Salmonella Typhimurium may not experience an increased risk, the exposure to more concentrated cocktails (at a five-fold concentration) could potentially amplify certain virulent factors such as the motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa H103. The findings indicate that pollution mixtures have an effect on the virulence potential of certain waterborne pathogenic bacteria, even at concentrations currently observed in rivers.
CEPAS DE Yarrowia lipolytica, AISLADAS DE LAGUNAS ALTOANDINAS DEL PERÚ CONTAMINADAS CON RELAVES MINEROS, COMO POTENCIALES AGENTES PARA LA BIORREMEDIACIÓN DE METALES PESADOS
Authors: Sánchez-Rojas Tito L. , Macedo-Prada Diego , Ramírez Pablo S. , Arrieta Lee K. , Durán Yerson , Flores Abad , Manya Walter F. , Guerra Gregory
Published: August 2023

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la concentración letal media (CL50) y la capacidad de biosorción de metales pesados en levaduras aisladas del Lago Junín y la relavera Yanamate. Se evaluaron en ambos cuerpos de agua: pH, conductividad eléctrica, temperatura, sólidos totales disueltos (STD) y metales pesados por ICM-MS, según los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental (ECA) del Ministerio del Ambiente-MINAM del Perú. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos evaluados en el Lago Junín fueron superiores a los límites máximos permisibles (LMP) para los siguientes metales: arsénico, cadmio, cobre, cromo y plomo. En la relavera Yanamate, los parámetros evaluados estuvieron fuera del LMP para los ECA de aguas tipo IV: pH inferiores a 3 (ácidos), altas conductividades eléctricas y elevadas concentraciones de metales pesados. A partir de las aguas muestreadas, se aislaron levaduras en medio YPG a 10 °C y 20 °C. La CL50 de los iones Cr+6, Cu+2 , Cd+2 y Hg+2 en Y. lipolytica AMJ3 fue 0.24 mM, 1.34 mM, 0.54 mM y 7.5 0.04 mM en el orden descrito; en tanto la cepa Y. lipolytica AMJ6 mostró una CL50 de 1.06 mM, 1.42 mM, 0.49 mM y 0.05 mM en el mismo orden. La capacidad de biosorción del ion Cu+2 fue del 90% en el caso de la cepa AMJ3 y 92% en la cepa AMJ6, a una concentración de 1.26 mM; asimismo, la biosorción del ion Cr+6 fue cercana al 90% en ambas cepas (AMJ3 y AMJ6) a concentraciones de 0.24 mM y 0.96 mM, respectivamente. Los análisis de las secuencias nucleotídicas de las cepas AMJ3 y AMJ6 confirmaron una identidad del 100% en el clado de Yarrowia lipolytica. Los resultados obtenidos de CL50 y la capacidad de biosorción indican que las levaduras bajo estudio tienen potencial en la biorremediación de cuerpos de agua y suelos contaminados con metales pesados.
Religious Responsibility in Catholicism
Authors: Çağlar Aybike
Published: August 2023

People's thoughts and lifestyles have always been influenced by the times they live in. Many things change in life from one age to the other, or from one generation to the next, and these changes have an impact on many concepts in life. Religion, which is an important part of many people's lives, is one concept that has gotten its share from change. As a result, the question is whether people's adherence to religion changes with the change in time. The goal of this thesis is to see if generational differences have an impact on how religious activities are carried out. With Christianity as the world's largest religion and Catholicism as its major sect, this thesis specifically aims to reveal if Catholics continue to fulfill their religious responsibilities in every generation and if there are any differences between generations in this regard. The hypothesis put forth by this thesis is that there is a decrease in the fulfillment of the religious practices among Catholic Christians in each new generation. To test this idea, data was collected from several surveys and a comparison between generations was made. This hypothesis was confirmed correct in general, although with some exceptions, by demonstrating that the older generations are more likely to be practicing in most of the sacraments compared to the younger generations. However, some generations tend to be more practicing than the previous generations in some specific sacraments; yet, the statement claiming that the execution of this specific practice decreased from the oldest generation until the youngest generation stands rightful. Thus, keeping this exception in mind, the claim should be that the fulfillment of religious responsibilities decreases over time, especially among the youngest generations.
Simple Synthesis of [18F] AV-45 and its Clinical Application in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhang Qi-Zhou , Yilihamu Nazi , Li Yu-Bin , Li Xiao-Hong , Qin Yong-De
Published: August 2023

Objective:

[18F] AV-45 can be produced in a simple, stable, and repeatable manner on the Tracerlab FXF-N platform using a self-editing synthetic procedure and solid-phase extraction purification method. This technique is applied to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to observe its distribution and characteristics in various brain regions and its diagnostic efficiency for the disease.

Methods:

The precursor was subjected to nucleophilic radiofluorination at 120 °C in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide, followed by acid hydrolysis of the protecting groups. The neutralized reaction mixture was purified by solid phase extraction to obtain a relatively pure [18F] AV-45 product with a high specific activity. A total of 10 participants who were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD group) and 10 healthy controls (HC group) were included retrospectively. All of them underwent [18F] AV-45 brain PET/CT imaging. The distribution of [18F] AV-45 in the AD group was analyzed visually and semi-quantitatively.

Results:

Six consecutive radiochemical syntheses were performed in this experiment. The average production time of [18F] AV-45 was 52 minutes, the radiochemical yield was 14.2 % ± 2.7% (n = 6), and the radiochemical purity was greater than 95%. When used with PET/CT imaging, the results of the visual analysis indicated increased [18F] AV-45 radioactivity uptake in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes in AD patients. Semiquantitative analysis showed the highest diagnostic efficacy in the posterior cingulate gyrus compared with other brain regions (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Intravenous [18F] AV-45 was successfully prepared on the Tracerlab FXF-N platform by solid-phase extraction of crude product and automated radiochemical synthesis. PET/CT imaging can be used to diagnose and evaluate AD patients and provide a more robust basis for clinicians to diagnose AD.
PGD2/PTGDR2 Signal Affects the Viability, Invasion, Apoptosis, and
Stemness of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells and Prevents the Progression of
Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wang Feifan , Huang Yan , Gao Peiyao , Wang Na , Tian Hengjin , Chen Amin , Li Yuyun , Wang Fengchao
Published: August 2023

Background:

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) has been shown to restrict the occurrence and
development of multiple cancers; nevertheless, its underlying molecular mechanism has not been
fully elucidated. The present study investigated the effect of PGD2 on the biological function of
the enriched gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs), as well as its underlying molecular mechanism, to
provide a theoretical basis and potential therapeutic drugs for gastric cancer (GC) treatment.

Methods:

The plasma PGD2 levels were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Silencing of lipocalin prostaglandin D synthetases (L-PTGDS) and prostaglandin D2 receptor 2
(PTGDR2) was carried out in GCSCs from SGC-7901 and HGC-27 cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8,
transwell, flow cytometry, and western blotting assays were used to determine cell viability, invasion,
apoptosis, and stemness of GCSCs. In vivo xenograft models were used to assess tumor growth.

Results:

Clinically, it was found that the plasma PGD2 level decreased significantly in patients
with GC. PGD2 suppressed viability, invasion, and stemness and increased the apoptosis of
GCSCs. Downregulating L-PTGDS and PTGDR2 promoted viability, invasion, and stemness and
reduced the apoptosis of GCSCs. Moreover, the inhibition of GCSCs induced by PGD2 was eliminated
by downregulating the expression of PTGDR2. The results of in vivo experiments were consistent
with those of in vitro experiments.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest that PGD2 may be an important marker and potential therapeutic
target in the clinical management of GC. L-PTGDS/PTGDR2 may be one of the critical targets for
GC therapy. The PGD2/PTGDR2 signal affects the viability, invasion, apoptosis, and stemness of
GCSCs and prevents the progression of GC.
Contrast-enhanced Chest Ultrasound in the Control of Transthoracic Tru-cut
Needle Biopsies: A Case Report
Authors: Mihalova Teodora , Mekov Evgeni , Yamakova Yordanka , Slavova Yanina , Petkov Rosen
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

The current article presents a clinical case of ultrasound controlled transthoracic tru-cut needle biopsy of a small metastatic lesion in the left lung, performed with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). The following case demonstrates a real-time interventional manipulation of a very small lesion, which was done under local anesthesia, with a minimal invasion to the patient.

Case presentation:

A 72-year-old woman is presented, hospitalized for a left-sided pleural effusion with bilateral, multiple nodulеs of different sizes in the lungs. Thoracentesis revealed data for atypical cells in the pleural fluid. The CT scan suspected a probable neoplastic process, but the subsequently performed fiberbronchoscopy couldn’t prove the existence of the same. The final diagnosis was established after ultrasound controlled transthoracic tru-cut needle biopsy of a pulmonary lesion with the application of a contrast medium.

Conclusion:

The CEUS allows precise detection of the metastatic area because of its unique perfusion characteristics and ability to remain hypocontrasted after the application of the contrast medium sulfur hexafluoride. The persistence of a concomitant left-sided pleural effusion is used as an ultrasound window during the performance of the manipulation, with the successful verification of the pathology as primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. By the application of this minimally invasive manipulation, an accurate final histological result was obtained.
Clinical Application of Ultrasound Elastic Imaging in Assessing Poststroke
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
Authors: Gao Min , Gao Zhenwu , Li Yingchun , Zeng Bo , Liang Ying
Published: August 2023

Aims:

This study aimed to explore the characteristics and clinical application of ultrasonic elastography in peripheral soft tissue in patients with poststroke complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).

Background:

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I is also known as shoulder hand syndrome (SHS). Its main symptoms include shoulder pain, limited activity, upper arm, wrist, and knuckle joint pain. Ultrasonic elastic imaging technology is gradually being applied to musculoskeletal system evaluation, primarily for the elastic examination of superficial tissue, as a result of the continual advancements in ultrasound technology. To make up for the absence of conventional imaging, functional state evaluation of the motor system can offer conventional ultrasonic tissue elasticity and hardness data.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to objectively quantify the soft tissue surrounding the shoulder joint of stroke patients with CRPS using ultrasonic elastic imaging and to determine the diagnostic usefulness of ultrasonic elastic imaging for CRPS in stroke in order to promote its usage in clinical practice.

Materials and Methods:

Patients diagnosed with CRPS following a stroke and admitted to the rehabilitation unit at Shanxi Bethune Hospital between January, 2021 to June, 2021 were included in the analysis. The control group consisted of people without pain in their shoulder joints. Each group consisted of 30 patients. A high-frequency wire array probe (frequency = 8-16 Hz) was employed in conjunction with an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus. A quantitative analytic system determined Young's modulus of the tissue, while the tracking of the shear wave provided an elastin map in real-time. An excitation pulse of acoustic radiation force was used to cause shear waves in the tissue.

Results:

The Young's modulus of supraspinatus muscle in the study and control groups was 289.16±22.07 Kpa and 231.99±23.61 Kpa, respectively (P <0.01). Young's modulus values of the study group's subscapular biceps were compared to those of the control group (P > 0.05). The supraspinatus shear wave elastographic (SWE) imaging value was 10.01±0.49 m/s in the study group and 7.92±0.50 in the control group (P <0.05). The study and control groups had subscapular muscle SWE values of 15.99±1.95 and 8.64±0.56 m/s, respectively (P <0.05). The average biceps tendon SWE value in the study and control groups was 6.39±0.42 and 4.69±0.36 m/s, respectively (P <0.05).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the SWE assessed by ultrasound elastography is useful for early diagnosis and evaluation of the superior shoulder tendon, subscapular tendon, and biceps tendon of CRPS following stroke.
A Virtual Resistance Optimization Method Based on Hybrid Index in
Low-voltage Microgrid
Authors: Yin Yifei
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

The introduction of virtual resistance can effectively suppress the circulating
current between micro-sources and improve power allocation in low-voltage microgrid,
but it also causes the voltage deviation of micro-sources’ inverters. An optimization method of
virtual resistance based on hybrid index is proposed in order to suppress circulating current and
improve voltage deviation at the same time in this paper. The gradient descent method is used to
design the virtual resistance optimization process, aiming at the optimization of hybrid index
composed of circulating current and voltage deviation. The constraints are deduced with power
quality requirements, capacity limitation and static stability, and then virtual resistance values
are optimized. The effects of switching load and micro-source on the optimization results are
analyzed through the simulation of low-voltage microgrid, and the simulation results show that
the virtual resistance optimization method can significantly suppress circulating current while
improving power quality. When distributed generators are connected to utility grid through inverters
and feeders, differences in feeder parameters and inverter control strategies easily cause
circulating current and uneven power distribution among micro-sources. The introduction of
virtual resistance can effectively suppress the circulating current between micro-sources and
improve power allocation in low-voltage microgrids, but it also causes the voltage deviation of
micro-sources’ inverters. An optimization method of virtual resistance based on hybrid index is
proposed in order to suppress circulating current and improve voltage deviation.

Methods:

The gradient descent method is used to design the virtual resistance optimization process,
aiming at the optimization of hybrid index composed of circulating current and voltage
deviation. The constraints are deduced with power quality requirements, capacity limitation and
static stability, and then virtual resistance values are optimized.

Results:

In the simulation scenario of two micro-sources and three micro-sources, the virtual
resistance obtained by the method proposed in this paper has more obvious improvement on the
system operation index, and is not affected by the load type.

Conclusion:

The method of optimizing virtual resistance based on the hybrid index can achieve
the effect of restraining circulating current and improving power sharing degree on the premise
of guaranteeing power quality and satisfying system stability. The optimization of virtual resistance
is affected by the number of feeders. It is necessary to re-optimize the virtual resistance
after changing the number of feeders, but the process of switching micro-source and adjusting
load does not affect the optimized resistance value.
Anti-spot Effects of Developed Brightening Cream Composed of Three
Active Ingredients (Resorcinol, Arbutin and Licorice Root Extract) in
Comparison with the Hydroquinone Cream
Authors: Eslahi Ehsan , Hashemi Nooshin
Published: August 2023

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the brightening effects of a complex composed of Resorcinol, Arbutin, and Licorice root extract (RAL complex) in patients faced with skin spots compared to a potential hydroquinone compound.

Background:

Skin spots are defined as excessive accumulation of melanin pigment in different layers of the skin caused by extravagant sun exposure, pregnancy, and other hormonal and genetic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate products to treat these types of spots.

Objective:

To evaluate skin brightness after using the RAL complex, this study was designed in a double-blind randomized trial and the removal of melanin pigment and skin spots was evaluated by different methods.

Methods:

In this study, the brightening cream formulated with actives comprising the RAL complex in 2.1% w/w concentration and a hydroquinone cream was applied in two groups of 20 women with a mean age of 48 years showing the severity scale 3 of skin pigmentation, separately. This study was conducted to evaluate the brightening effect of this complex compared to a hydroquinone compound after 4, 8, and, 12 weeks of application to the entire face.

Results:

The results showed the highest percentage of skin brightness 12 weeks after applying the cream, reported at 93% and 89% for RAL complex and hydroquinone compound, respectively. Skin pigmentation rate was measured before and after applying the RAL complex cream with a mexameter device. The highest amount of dark spot removal was seen after using this cream in different areas of the skin.

Conclusion:

The results showed that the RAL complex was more effective than the hydroquinone compound in removing skin blemishes without any side effects compared to products containing hy-droquinone.
Application of Simulated Annealing Method on Tabarru-Fund Valuation using Inflator by Vasicek Model Approach Based on Profit and Loss Sharing Scheme
Authors: Faristasari Selvi , Effendie Adhitya Ronnie
Published: August 2023

Currently, the financial services industry is dominated by conventional banks and individuals that apply the system of interest or an excess of loans. In Islam, this excess is referred to as usury, which is prohibited by Islamic law because, in practice, usury makes borrowers poorer as they cannot pay such high-interest installments. Not to mention, late payments are subject to penalties that will continue to accumulate if the borrower is unable to pay the next installment. From these facts, this system is prohibited by Islamic Law because there are harmed parties. Therefore, this research discusses mathematical models in the form of Islamic investment business loans for micro-economic traders by implementing a profit and loss sharing system. Tabarru-fund is a set of funds derived from borrowers’ contributions used to overcome conditions when they experience losses in certain conditions. In this mathematical model, the tabarru-fund acts as the premium that must be paid if the borrower is still profitable after the principal installments have paid off. This sharia model with tabarru funds is obtained by calculating the premium which involves the problem of minimizing the remaining tabarru funds in a certain period. The future value of the trader's profit rate will be projected using the Vasicek Model approach which previously determined the parameter estimation using OLS regression and then the data is generated using Monte Carlo simulation so that the sharia inflator is obtained. This sharia inflator plays a role in the optimization process of minimizing the remaining tabarru-fund which will be solved by the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm.
Finite Difference Scheme for Nonlinear Finite Grating without and with Defect
Authors: Purnomo Reymond
Published: August 2023

We present a simple numerical scheme based on finite difference method (FDM) with different boundary treatments to study the nonlinear optical response of finite one-dimensional grating with Kerr medium. For linear and nonlinear case, we use the second order numerical scheme for interior with different treatments of boundary conditions. The resulting of nonlinear system of equations is solved using Newton method with continuation method. To illustrate this method, we consider a periodic medium with and without defect. As the result, this method is able to show the bandgap and optical bistability phenomena for both mediums.