bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Accuracy of the CBCT‐Based 3‐Dimensional Replica of the Donor Tooth in Autotransplantation
Authors: Juslin Jessica , Teerijoki‐Oksa Tuija , Jääsaari Päivi , Ekholm Marja , Vallittu Pekka , Lassila Lippo , Thorén Hanna
Published: October 2024

Background

This study evaluated the accuracy of the CBCT reconstruction model compared to the natural tooth and the accuracy of the replica tooth compared to the natural tooth.

Objective

The hypothesis was that a replica tooth could be used as a surgical guide in autotransplantation.

Methods

Three teeth were chosen and a CBCT reconstruction model was formed from each tooth. STL‐data was transferred to a milling machine and replica teeth were milled from PEEK. A digitized surface model was prepared from the natural and the replica teeth by a stereophotogrammetry scanner. The surface model from the optical scan of the natural tooth was compared to the CBCT reconstruction model and the surface model of the replica tooth. The models were matched on each other, and surface‐based rigid registration was performed between the surface models. Distances were calculated and visualized by MATLAB.

Results

The CBCT reconstruction model and the natural tooth were compared. The largest euclidean distance was found at the root tip in the premolar (0.93 mm) and at the furcation area in the molar (2.3 mm). When the natural tooth and the replica tooth were compared, the largest euclidean distance was found at the root tip in the premolar (1.5 mm) and at the furcation area in the molar (1.9 mm).

Conclusion

A CBCT scan maintains sufficient image quality for tooth autotransplantation planning. The replica tooth corresponded in size and shape to the natural tooth in terms of clinically expected need of precision.
Redox Biocatalysis in Lidocaine‐Based Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents: Non‐Conventional Media Outperform Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Lahmann Viktoria , Bittner Jan Philipp , Domínguez de María Pablo , Jakobtorweihen Sven , Smirnova Irina , Kara Selin
Published: October 2024

Redox biocatalysis is an essential pillar of the chemical industry. Yet, the enzymes’ nature restricts most reactions to aqueous conditions, where the limited substrate solubility leads to unsustainable diluted biotranformations. Non‐aqueous media represent a strategic solution to conduct intensified biocatalytic routes. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are designable solvents that can be customized to meet specific application needs. Within the large design space of combining DES components (and ratios), hydrophobic DESs hold the potential to be both enzyme‐compatible – keeping the enzymes’ hydration –, and solubilizers for hydrophobic reactants. We explored two hydrophobic DESs, lidocaine/oleic acid, and lidocaine/decanoic acid, as reaction media for carbonyl reduction catalyzed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, focusing on the effect of water contents and on maximizing substrate loadings. Enzymes remained highly active and stable in the DESs with 20 wt % buffer, whereas the reaction performance in DESs outperformed the pure buffer system with hydrophobic substrates (e. g., cinnamaldehyde to form the industrially relevant cinnamyl alcohol), with a 3‐fold specific activity. Notably, the cinnamaldehyde reduction was for the first time performed at 800 mM (~100 g L−1) with full conversion, which opens up new avenues to industrial applications of hydrophobic DESs for enzyme catalysis.
Design and Application of Real‐Time and High‐Precision Seismic Acquisition Station in Antarctic Region
Authors: Zhang Jinhang , Wang Yongqing , Zhou Keyu , Lin Zucan , Zhang Qisheng
Published: October 2024

In this study, a polar seismic acquisition station based on the FPGA + ARM architecture was successfully developed. This system can achieve real‐time multifunctional acquisition and transmission of seismic signals and environmental information in the extreme low‐temperature environment of Antarctica at −40°C. The system adopts a modular design, with high‐precision data acquisition encoded by the main controller and uploaded to the host computer in real‐time. Integrated display controls enable real‐time data display and acquisition station location mapping for user interaction. We propose improving data transmission in traditional seismic acquisition stations by adopting a distributed computing model with data segment return. Integrating the first arrival picking algorithm as an IP core will reduce computational demands on the data processing center. This acquisition system features high precision (24‐bit), a wide dynamic range (> 130dB), low noise (0.5 V rms@40dB), and high‐precision timing control (200 ns). It supports real‐time wireless data transmission over 120 channels up to 1 km. The system also implements a self‐storage plus wired and wireless networking solution, allowing flexible networking based on actual needs. Test results indicate that the ice sheet thickness at the acquisition site is approximately 526.49 m, validating the experimental design's effectiveness and providing technical support for subsequent drilling and seismic exploration.
Mitigating the Impact of Lognormal Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Estimation on FSO Communication Systems Using Advanced Deep Learning Modules
Authors: Kavitha M. R. , Geetha M. R. , Rajesh T.
Published: October 2024

Currently, researchers and commercial entities worldwide are highly interested in optical wireless communication links operating in terrestrial environments. These links offer the distinct advantage of enabling high‐speed data transmission while keeping operational and installation costs low, all without requiring licensing. Free‐space optical (FSO) communication has established itself as a reliable method for delivering ultra‐high data‐rate services. However, the presence of atmospheric turbulence‐induced fading poses a significant challenge for FSO communication systems, particularly when operating over channels affected by time‐varying turbulence. The effectiveness of FSO systems is greatly influenced by atmospheric conditions in a specific area because the laser beam propagates through the atmosphere. As a consequence, this can lead to a significant degradation such as high complexity, high estimation error, and high bit error rate (BER) in the performance of FSO systems. This paper presents a stacked dual attention LSTM network with layered neural Turing machine (SDALSTM‐LaNTM) for FSO channel estimation over lognormal turbulence‐induced fading channels. In this approach, the stacked structure ensures a robust feature extraction capacity of SDALSTM and enhances its ability to capture intricate relationships among multiple atmospheric variables. After employing the stacked LSTM networks, the extracted features are combined with the augmented features obtained through the dual attention (DAttn) mechanism by concatenation. Then the LaNTM architecture used external memory to solve the channel parameter estimation problem and update new set of hidden features for estimation task. The ability to access and update memory enables the model to capture long‐term dependencies and context, making it beneficial for channel prediction in FSO systems. Presently, we are in the process of verifying the channel estimation model using measured FSO channel data. Simulation results clearly demonstrate the outstanding estimation performance of the SDALSTM‐LaNTM model in FSO systems, specifically when dealing with lognormal turbulence‐induced fading channels. Moreover, we highlight the effectiveness of the SDALSTM‐LaNTM model by conducting a comprehensive comparison with existing models, considering factors such as average capacity performance, outage probability estimation, and BER.
Ground vibration isolation using mass scatters: A comparative study with trench barriers and wave‐impeding blocks
Authors: Mhanna Mohannad , Sabaa Majeed R. , Mahdi Hayder A. , Karkush Mahdi
Published: October 2024

Traffic‐induced ground vibrations cause significant problems for residents and nearby structures. Reducing the effect of these vibrations on the neighboring environment is a key challenge, particularly in urban areas. This study presents both numerical and experimental investigations of the performance of mass scatters for screening ground vibrations. A three‐dimensional numerical model is validated and extended to conduct a comparative study on the efficiency of three geotechnical methods of isolation. These methods include trench barriers, wave‐impeding blocks (WIBs), and mass scatters. The results showed that mass scatters represent an efficient way of scattering ground vibrations, and their efficiency is mainly related to the weights of mass scatters and their natural frequency, which control the dynamic soil response in the frequency domain. Rigid trench barriers are less effective than soft ones, and their efficiency is more pronounced regarding the WIB. Soft barriers with a depth of an order of half of the wavelength can decrease the vibration levels by up to 50%, which is comparable to the performance of enormous mass scatters. The dimensions of WIBs must be chosen according to the wavelength of incident waves and the cutoff frequency of the topsoil layer. Considering the significant wavelength of traffic‐induced vibration, the use of trench barriers or WIBs becomes impractical and expensive; therefore, mass scatters appear to be an efficient and practical solution.
The Causal Role of Thyroid Hormones in Bipolar Disorders: A Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li James L.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Bipolar disorder is a complex psychiatric condition with distinctions between clinical subtypes including Type 1 and 2 disorders. Several studies have proposed that thyroid hormones may be involved in the aetiology of bipolar disorders.

Methods

This study employed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationships between six thyroid hormone metrics (TSH, FT4, FT3, TT3, FT3/FT4 and TT3/FT4) and bipolar disorder and Type 1 and 2 disorders, separately. Genome‐wide association (GWAS) data from the ThyroidOmics Consortium (up to 271,040 individuals of European ancestry) were used for thyroid function metrics. Bipolar disorder GWAS data included 41,917 cases and 371,549 controls (25,060 Type 1 and 6,781 Type 2 cases). We applied inverse variance weighted (IVW) methods for primary MR analysis, with MR Egger, weighted median and weighted mode for sensitivity. Additional tests assessed horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity.

Results

Higher FT4 levels showed a protective causal effect against bipolar disorder (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97, p = 4.58 × 10−3) and a suggestive effect on Type 1 disorders (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.99, p = 3.21 × 10−2). Elevated FT3 (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.35, p = 1.55 × 10−2) and FT3/FT4 ratio (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.02–3.82, p = 4.46 × 10−2) had suggestive harmful effects on Type 1 disorders. Sensitivity analyses showed consistent effects, with no significant horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the protective role of FT4 and the potentially harmful effect of elevated FT3 in Type 1 bipolar disorder, highlighting the need for further research on thyroid hormone levels as a potential treatment strategy for Type 1 bipolar disorder.
Scaling Effects of the Weissenberg Number in Electrokinetic Oldroyd‐B Fluid Flow Within a Microchannel
Authors: Mukherjee Satwik , Pal Sanjib Kr , Gopmandal Partha P. , Sarkar Sankar
Published: October 2024

This study attempts to extend previous research on electrokinetic turbulence (EKT) in Oldroyd‐B fluid by investigating the relationship between the Weissenberg number () and the second‐order velocity structure function () under applied electric fields. Inspired by Sasmal's demonstration in Sasmal (2022) of how heterogeneous zeta potentials induce turbulence above a critical , we develop a mathematical framework linking to turbulent phenomena. Our analysis incorporates recent findings on AC (Zhao & Wang, 2017) and DC (Zhao & Wang 2019) EKT, which have defined scaling laws for velocity and scalar structure functions in the forced cascade region. Our finding shows that and , for a length scale , and , where is a velocity fluctuations quantity and denotes the time relaxation parameter. This work establishes a positive correlation between and turbulent flow phenomena through a rigorous analysis of velocity structure functions, thereby offering a mathematical foundation for building the design and optimization of EKT‐based microfluidic devices.
Experimental Study on Quick‐Locking Reinforcement Model for Local Defects in Pipelines in the Rich Water Area
Authors: Luo Zhicheng , Yan Xuefeng
Published: October 2024

The management of local defects in municipal pipelines in water‐rich areas remains a significant challenge, particularly under high‐pressure conditions. This study investigates the performance of quick‐lock steel sleeves as a trenchless repair method through full‐scale experiments on five different pipeline diameters. The experiments focus on the failure modes and critical buckling pressure of the sleeves under external pressure. A novel design model based on structural reliability theory was developed and validated against experimental results. The results show a close match between the calculated and experimental buckling pressures, with a ratio ranging from 0.87 to 1.15. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and application of quick‐lock sleeves in high‐pressure municipal networks. This study contributes to improving the reliability and effectiveness of pipeline repair technologies, offering practical solutions for addressing pipeline leakage and instability in challenging environments.
Boosting Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Performance of Ti–Fe2O3 Photoanode via NH2–MIL–53(FeCo) as a Cocatalyst
Authors: Ba Kaikai , Liu Yunan , Lin Yanhong , Wang Dejun , Xie Tengfeng
Published: October 2024

α–Fe2O3 is a promising photoanode that can be used for solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, due to low carrier separation efficiency and slow water oxidation kinetics, the PEC performance of Ti–Fe2O3 is still severely hindered. Here, a novel inorganic–organic hybrid composite photoanode is prepared by depositing NH2–materials of institute Lavoisier (MIL)–53(FeCo) cocatalyst on the surface of Ti–Fe2O3 using solvothermal method. In the results, it is shown that the Ti–Fe2O3/NH2–MIL–53(FeCo) photoanode has a high photocurrent density (3.0 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is 5.1 times that of bare Ti–Fe2O3, and the initial potential of water oxidation also undergoes a negative change of about 100 mV. The separation efficiency of Ti–Fe2O3/NH2–MIL–53(FeCo) is significantly enhanced, and the charge injection efficiency increases from 17.6% to 68% at 1.23 V versus RHE. In the further research, it is suggested that the excellent PEC performance of Ti–Fe2O3/NH2–MIL–53(FeCo) may be attributed to an increase in carrier density, prolonged carrier recombination time, and an increase in exposed reactive sites. In this study, a new understanding for the design of Ti–Fe2O3 photoanodes with superior PEC performance based on metal organic framework modification is provided.
Brain temperature, brain metabolites, and immune system phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Mueller Christina , Hong Huixian , Sharma Ayushe A. , Qin Hongwei , Benveniste Etty N. , Szaflarski Jerzy P.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Epileptogenesis is linked to neuroinflammation. We hypothesized that local heat production caused by neuroinflammation can be visualized non‐invasively in vivo via brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and MRSI‐thermometry (MRSI‐t) and that there is a relationship in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) between MRSI‐t and brain metabolites choline and myo‐inositol and between neuroimaging and cellular and serum biomarkers of inflammation.

Methods

Thirty‐six (36) participants, 18 with temporal lobe epilepsy (13 females) and 18 age‐matched healthy controls (nine females), were enrolled prospectively and underwent MRSI/MRSI‐t; TLE participants also provided blood samples. Temperature was measured using creatine as a reference metabolite. Analysis of Functional NeuroImages 3dttest++ tool was used to analyze voxel‐level group differences in temperature, choline, and myo‐inositol. Associations with immune cell subsets, cytokines, and chemokines related to inflammation were quantified using correlation coefficients with significant relationships as noted.

Results

Patients with TLE showed elevated temperature, choline, and myo‐inositol in the temporal lobes. Higher brain temperature was associated with higher levels of cytokines and chemokines, including GM‐CSF, TNF, IL‐1β, and IL − 12p70, and lower frequency of immune cells including CD3+ T‐cells, CD4+ T‐cells, CD8+ T‐cells, and classical monocytes. Higher choline was associated with higher levels of the cytokines including LT‐α, IL‐13, and IL‐4, and higher myo‐inositol was associated with a higher frequency of CD4+ T‐cell and CD19+ B‐cell subsets and higher levels of cytokines and chemokines including LT‐α, IL‐13, and CCL3.

Significance

This study, for the first time, showed that in temporal lobes of patients with TLE temperature and metabolite changes correlate with cellular and serum biomarkers of inflammation. Our results provide support for further development of MRSI‐t as a measure of neuroinflammation in epilepsy and potentially other neurological disorders and as an investigative and clinical tool.

Plain Language Summary

Neuroinflammation is associated with excessive heat production which can be visualized with magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and thermometry (MRSI‐t). We prospectively investigated the relationship between MRSI‐t and cellular and serum measures of peripheral inflammation in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE); we compared the results of MRSI‐t in patients with TLE to healthy controls. We showed a relationship between the temperature elevations in TLE and elevations of various measures of peripheral inflammation. Our results support further development of MRSI‐t as a measure of neuroinflammation in epilepsy and potentially other neurological disorders and as an investigative and clinical tool.
The constraints of sedimentary environment on the evolution of bauxite reservoir characteristics within the benxi formation in the Linxing area, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Yuan Yin , Fu Haijiao , Yan Detian , Wang Xiaoming
Published: October 2024

The breakthrough of bauxite natural gas in the Taiyuan Formation in the Longdong area of the Ordos Basin makes bauxite natural gas gradually become a new exploration direction. However, the complex sedimentary conditions and diverse developmental strata of the Linxing region present difficulties for the exploration of bauxite gas. In this research, samples of bauxite cores from significant drilling sections in the Linxing area were obtained for comprehensive geochemical, mineralogical, and pore structure analysis. This study investigates the impact of sedimentary environments on the physical properties of bauxite reservoirs within the Benxi Formation, focusing on lithofacies categorization, mineral composition, and pore structure. This study established a lithofacies categorization system that iron minerals, aluminum minerals + titanium minerals, clay minerals as three end‐member components. The study identified four lithofacies types: pure bauxite, clayey bauxite, mixed bauxite, and bauxite mudstone. According to geochemical analysis, the bauxite rock in the study area is deposited in a semi‐enclosed bay with terrestrial freshwater input. The physical properties of bauxite reservoir in the study area are relatively poor, among which the physical properties of bauxite reservoir are the best. Authigenic minerals like pyrite are often filled in dissolution pores. The constraint of sedimentary environment on bauxite reservoir is mainly manifested as the influence on the formation of diaspore mineral framework, and its acidity and alkalinity are very important for the formation of diaspore. Hence, diaspore commonly forms in the shallow lake environments characterized by pure bauxite rock, exhibiting favorable reservoir conditions. This research examines the impact of mineral composition on bauxite reservoirs through the lens of lithofacies and sedimentary environments. The variations in bauxite rock reservoirs across distinct sedimentary environments have been elucidated. It provides a new guidance for the exploration of natural gas in Benxi Formation bauxite in Ordos Basin.
Evaluation of the potential power generation resources in SAARC region for sustainable energy trade
Authors: Rafique Usman , Zidan Hasan A. , Azeem Fawad , Amir Sarang , Manzoor Tareq , Manzoor Habib Ullah
Published: October 2024

This article presents a comprehensive review on the contemporary condition of electrical energy in the SAARC countries with particular focus on conventional as well as renewable resources. The region lies at the center of the Asia with a dense population where demand and supply gap has always been a challenging factor for the governments. In addition, the region has observed enormous industrial growth during past two and half decades whose sustainability is totally dependent upon the continuous supply of energy. A bulk of valuable literature has been published in recent years that addresses the challenges, infrastructure improvements margins and several schemes to mitigate the energy deficiency in the region but most of it focuses upon either generation or transmission. This article covers this gap and presents to‐the‐point data that can be used for future forecasting, cross‐border trade possibilities and indigenous energy generation for remote and islanded regions within and across the SAARC mainland. A detailed review on electrical power generation potential by exploiting the renewable energy resources (RERs), generation capacity, installed capacity, energy short fall and transmission and distribution (T&D) losses is presented for each SAARC country and the results are presented in forms of tables and graphs. It can be inferred from the data presented in this paper that the energy crisis of the SAARC region can be overcome by mutual trade among the land‐connected countries by transporting the electrical energy, generated through RERs, across the borders. The paper concludes that the region has enormous potential for renewable energy available in form of hydal, solar, wind and biomass that, if maturely harnessed, can only not fulfil the local demands of the region but also be exported to establish the framework of cross‐border energy trade in future for sustainability of industrial and domestic utilization.
Hidden messages in fluids: A review of clinical and fundamental perspectives on post‐lymph node dissection drains
Authors: Mak Chon‐Hou , Wang Guang‐Rui , Li Zi‐Zhan , Cao Lei‐Ming , Zhang Chen‐Xi , Zhu Zhao‐Qi , Liu Bing , Bu Lin‐Lin
Published: October 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in liquid biopsy due to its non‐invasive diagnostic value. Postoperative drainage fluid (PDF) is the fluid exudate from the wound site following lymph node dissection. PDF is regarded as a medical waste with no specific clinical significance. Nevertheless, the liquid biopsy of PDF may enable the reuse of this fluid. PDF contains a variety of body fluids, including blood and lymph. PDF contains a variety of biological components, including cytokines, extracellular vesicles (EVs), proteins, nucleic acids, cells and bacteria. These components are indicative of the postoperative inflammatory response, the immune response and the therapeutic response. In this review, we examine the current state of research in the field of liquid biopsy in PDF, elucidating how the analysis of its components can assess the prognosis of patients after lymph node dissection, monitor real‐time changes in patient status, and identify new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
The Role of Environment Social and Governance (ESG) Score To Cost of Debt: Evidence From ASEAN Countries*
Authors: Ariefianto Moch. Doddy , Rahmansyah Fitriani , Wijaya Valencia , Audreane Viary
Published: October 2024

Environmental social governance (ESG) disclosure has become an increasingly important component in determining a company's financing cost (cost of debt‐CoD). This phenomenon could be attributed to company reputation development and the rise of socially responsible investing. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating further the causality process of ESG scores to the reduction of CoD particularly in nonfinancial companies in one of the most dynamic world regions: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). To meet our research objective; we applied difference‐in‐difference analysis to a dataset of 135 nonfinancial companies (that published ESG score in Bloomberg) from 6 ASEAN countries, using annual frequency data from 2012 to 2021 (1350 observations). We found that ESG does reduce CoD in the range of 21.3% (measured by interest expense) to 27.7% (measured by credit spread). Our finding is quite solid under an array of robustness checks.
Visual Patterns of Diaphragmatic Motion in Acute Respiratory Failure: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Markarian Thibaut , Daniel Matthieu , Guillemet Kevin , Ajavon Florian , Femy Florent , Grandpierre Romain Genre , Feral‐Pierssens Anne‐Laure , Bobbia Xavier
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Right diaphragmatic excursion is a reliable and reproducible technique used in intensive care to assess diaphragmatic function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the appearance of diaphragmatic motion and the etiological diagnosis of patients admitted to the emergency department with acute respiratory failure (ARF).

Materials

A prospective, observational, and multicenter pilot study was conducted. All adult patients admitted in the emergency department with ARF were included. The different visual patterns of diaphragmatic motion were analyzed according to the three main etiologies of ARF encountered in emergency departments.

Results

A total of 39 adult patients were included. We observed a different visual pattern in patients with pneumonia. A sum of plateau times of less than 0.2 s predicted that the main diagnosis was pneumonia, with sensitivity = 89% 95%CI [52%; 100%], specificity = 87% 95%CI [69%; 96%].

Conclusion

Our study seems to show that the shape of diaphragmatic motion in patients with ARF secondary to pneumonia is different from that in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or acute heart failure.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04591509
Exploring the Soil Structure Analysis of a Subtropical Watershed by Introducing a Blanket Physico‐Hydraulic Health Index
Authors: Costa Angelo Garcia , Soares Mauricio Fornalski , Pinto Marília Alves Brito , Fuentes‐Guevara Miguel David , Nunes Rômulo Félix , Kaiser Douglas Rodrigo , Armindo Robson André , Timm Luis Carlos
Published: October 2024

Multiple disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected to assess the soil structure health in support of water use and management in a subtropical watershed, which is composed of shallow Entisols, near to Canguçu, RS state—Brazil. Various physico‐hydraulic properties related to soil structure, such as bulk density, total, micro and macroporosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon, soil water retention curve (SWRC), and the ranges of plant available water (PAWC) and drainable porosity (DP) were measured to be analyzed. The hydraulic‐energy indices of soil aeration and water retention were determined by integrating the areas under SWRC. Combining these properties with the contents of sand and clay, a unique blanket soil physico‐hydraulic health index (BSPHI) was formulated and applied to investigate the impact of land use and management on the soils of the Ellert Creek Watershed (ECW), thereby supporting soil physical health analysis and, consequently, the analysis of water and human health. The favorable outcomes found in the ECW soils under annual crops indicated good root aeration in the surface layer due to the balance between DP and PAWC. The BSPHI results showed that only about 19% of the areas exhibited unhealthy physical health. The soil structure in pasture areas of ECW was not significantly impacted by the extensive cattle grazing, whereas lands under native forest served as a control for the natural soil quality status. The BSPHI successfully captured small changes in soil structure, regardless of land use and management, highlighting its potential as a promising tool for evaluating soil health by assessing the soil physical quality.
Comprehensive single‐cell profiling of monocytes in HLA‐B27‐positive ankylosing spondylitis with acute anterior uveitis
Authors: Li Huan , Ju Xueming , Zhang Lixin , Zhu Jing , Zhang Jing , Xiao Jialing , Wang Ting , Wu Weijia , Wang Liang , Gan Chengzi , Li Xiangmei , Wei Yutong , Zhu Siyu , Zhou Yu , Deng Bolin , Xiao Ning , Gong Bo
Published: October 2024

Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) is a common extra‐articular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), particularly in patients positive for the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐B27 genetic marker. To explore the underlying mechanisms of HLA‐B27+ AS‐associated AAU, we employed single‐cell RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in three HLA‐B27+ AS‐associated AAU patients and three healthy controls (HCs). We identified 11 distinct immune cell clusters, with a particular focus on monocytes, revealing six subsets, including three previously unidentified subsets, namely, GTPase immune‐associated proteins, Th17‐related, and lncRNA monocytes, with unique gene expression patterns. Significant differences in monocyte composition, activation states, and gene expression were observed between patients and HCs, particularly within HLA monocyte subpopulations. Notably, enhanced expression of X‐inactive specific transcript and myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen genes was validated across monocyte subclusters in patients. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis highlighted significant enrichment in antigen processing and presentation pathways, shedding light on the disease's molecular mechanisms. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of HLA‐B27+ AS‐associated AAU and may contribute to the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Further clinical validation is essential.
Reduced intestinal‐to‐diffuse conversion and immunosuppressive responses underlie superiority of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Lei , Wan Linghong , Chen Xu , Gao Peng , Hou Yongying , Wu Linyu , Liu Wenkang , Tian Shuoran , Han Mengyi , Peng Shiyin , Tan Yuting , Pan Yuwei , Ren Yuanfeng , Li Jinyang , Wen Haihui , Liu Qin , Zhang Mengsi , Wang Tao , Qin Zhong‐Yi , Xiang Junyu , Chen Dongfeng , Li Xianfeng , Wang Shu‐Nan , Chen Chuan , Li Mengxia , Li Fan , Wang Zhenning , Wang Bin
Published: October 2024

Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NAIC) achieves superior clinical benefits over neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in multiple types of human cancers, including gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). However, it is poorly understood how the malignant epithelial cells and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) might respond distinctly to NAIC and NAC that underlies therapeutic efficacy. Here treatment‐naive and paired tumor tissues from multiple centers were subjected to pathological, immunological, and transcriptomic analysis. NAIC demonstrated significantly increased rate of pathological complete response compared to NAC (pCR: 25% vs. 4%, p < 0.05). Interestingly, pretreatment intestinal subtype of Lauren's classification was predictive of pathologic regression following NAIC, but not NAC. A substantial portion of cancers underwent intestinal‐to‐diffuse transition, which occurred less following NAIC and correlated with treatment failure. Moreover, NAIC prevented reprogramming to an immunosuppressive TIME with less active fibroblasts and exhausted CD8+ T cells, and increased numbers of mature tertiary lymphoid structures. Mechanistically, activation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)/nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway was associated with response to NAIC. Together, NAIC is superior to NAC for locally advanced GAC, likely due to reduced intestinal‐to‐diffuse conversion and reprogramming to an immuno‐active TIME. Modulation of the histological conversion and immunosuppressive TIME could be translatable approaches to improve neoadjuvant therapeutic efficacy.
Blow‐up of smooth solutions to the relaxed compressible Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Wang Zhao
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the full compressible Navier‐Stokes equations with Cattaneo's heat transfer law or revised Maxwell's law are considered. We present a loss of initial smoothness of smooth solutions within a finite time and give an upper bound of such time. It is not required that the initial data has compact support or contains vacuum in any finite regions. Moreover, the blow‐up result has no restriction about the specific heat ratio. The main approach is motivated by previous studies and constructing a differential inequality.
Bifidobacterium breve M‐16 V and scGOS/lcFOS Supplementation to Dams Ameliorates Infant Rotavirus Infection in Early Life
Authors: Sáez‐Fuertes Laura , Rio‐Aige Karla , Massot‐Cladera Malén , Castell Margarida , Knipping Karen , Garssen Johan , Bourdet‐Sicard Raphaëlle , Rodríguez‐Lagunas María José , Collado María Carmen , Pérez‐Cano Francisco José
Published: October 2024

The immune system of newborns is underdeveloped, leaving them susceptible to infections like rotavirus (RV). Despite vaccines, RV remains a leading cause of child mortality, especially in developing countries. Maternal immunity is transferred during pregnancy and breastfeeding to the offspring providing protection against RV infection. This study aims to explore how the maternal diet can enhance the newborn's ability to fight early infections. Pregnant rats received orally Bifidobacterium breve M‐16 V and short chain galacto‐oligosaccharides (scGOS)/long chain fructo‐oligosaccharides (lcFOS). At day 5 of life pups are infected with RV and at day 8, samples are collected for the infection analysis. Pups whose mothers received the synbiotic have lower RV infection severity. The levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) IgG2c and IgA are raised in pups' plasma and digested milk, respectively. Synbiotic supplementation improves intestinal maturation and increases gene expression of immune‐related genes. In conclusion, the administration of this synbiotic to gestating and lactating mothers ameliorates the incidence and severity of the pup's diarrhea caused by the RV infection by improving their immunity.
Protective Effect and Mechanism of L‐Theanine on Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Liu Meng‐Yuan , Xu Kai‐Hang , Liu Sha , Xiao Wen‐Jun
Published: October 2024

Scope

Acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI), a global health concern, is exacerbated by excessive episodic drinking. L‐theanine (LTA), a compound found in tea leaves, mitigates the AALI‐induced liver oxidative stress and inflammation. However, its relationship with alcohol metabolism and its liver‐protective mechanism remains unexplored.

Methods and results

This study investigates the protective mechanisms of LTA against AALI in mice. The results demonstrate that LTA mitigates liver tissue damage and reduces the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and liver levels of triglycerides, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐1β. However, LTA enhances the activity of ethanol‐metabolizing enzymes and decreases ethanol and acetaldehyde serum levels. Mechanistically, LTA accelerates alcohol metabolism by upregulating the hepatic expression of ADH6, ALDH1B1, ALDH2, CAT, and ACSS1 mRNA and protein in AALI mice, LTA downregulates the expression of CYP2E1 mRNA and protein and promoting antioxidative activities thus reducing the accumulation of ROS. This attenuated inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of nuclear factor‐kappa B inhibitor alpha (IκBα) and downregulating the hepatic expression of NF‐κB p65, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 mRNA, and protein.

Conclusion

LTA is a beneficial dietary supplement that protects against AALI by modulating alcohol metabolism and the TNF‐α/NF‐κB pathway.
Feasibility of a Community‐Based Aquatic and Peer Support Intervention for People With Musculoskeletal Disorders Delivered via a Cross‐Sector Partnership—A Service Evaluation
Authors: Wilson Nicky , Barcellona Massimo , Lambert Paul , Storey Petula , Foster Barrington , Waller Ben , Wilkins Ben
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Worldwide, the unmet rehabilitation needs of adults with musculoskeletal disorders are high. Aquatic exercise is clinically effective in managing musculoskeletal disorders, but access to rehabilitative services is limited.

Objective

To determine the feasibility of a community‐based aquatic exercise and peer support intervention for patients with musculoskeletal disorders delivered via a multisector partnership between an NHS physiotherapy service, a leisure operator and a social enterprise that creates personalised exercise programmes delivered through an application on a tablet computer. Cost‐sharing was implemented after an initial complimentary session.

Methods

A mixed method service evaluation was undertaken. Patient demographics, attendance, and patient‐reported outcomes were summarised using descriptive statistics. Semi‐structured interviews and an online survey were employed to explore patient acceptability of the intervention.

Results

Thirty four patients accessed the intervention during the 6‐month pilot. Over half were from minority ethnic groups and nearly two thirds were in the bottom three deciles relating to low income. Patients exercised in a group of up to eight, supported by NHS rehabilitation professionals and volunteers. Provision of post‐session refreshments encouraged connectivity between patients. Weekly attendance at the programme was high. Patient‐reported outcome measures showed favourable changes in pain intensity and function following the intervention. Qualitative data suggest that the intervention was acceptable to patients.

Conclusion

Implementation of a community‐based aquatic exercise and peer support intervention for people with musculoskeletal disorders via a cross‐sector partnership involving the NHS appears feasible and acceptable to patients. Further research is needed to assess the impact on musculoskeletal health and health inequalities.
Modelling the effect of point forces and moments in plate bending with hybrid‐Trefftz stress elements
Authors: Teixeira de Freitas J. A. , Tiago C. , Pereira E. M. B. R.
Published: October 2024

The formulation of the hybrid‐Trefftz stress element for plate bending is extended to the modelling of concentrated forces and moments, either as prescribed loads or as reactions at point supports. As the bending, torsion and shear fields are hypersingular, the flexibility matrix of the element involves the use of the finite part integration concept. In addition, it requires the confirmation of the positive‐definiteness of the flexibility under gross shape distortion. The tests illustrate the modelling of applied concentrated forces and moments and also the combination of boundary layer and point reaction effects. The results obtained are validated using converged solutions obtained with a stress‐based hybrid‐mixed element (HMS) and a displacement‐based mixed element (MITC).
At‐Line LC‐QTOF‐ESI‐MS/MS Fractionation of Impatiens balsamina Linn. Coupled With a Simple DPPH for Rapid Identification and Guided Isolation of Antioxidant
Authors: Srivilai Jukkarin , Nuengchamnong Nitra , Khorana Nantaka , Wisidsri Nakuntwalai , Thungmungmee Suradwadee , Aoonboontum Patteera , Sasea Krittanon , Suksathan Piyakaset , Rungsang Tammanoon , Ingkaninan Kornkanok , Mungmai Lapatrada
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ultraviolet (UV) light are significant factors to impair skin disorders. Impatiens balsamina Linn. (IB), a traditional Chinese and Thai herbal medicine, has long been used to treat skin and nail diseases, potentially due to its radical‐scavenging properties. However, specific antioxidant compounds in IB have not been well defined.

Objective

This work aims to rapidly identify, target, and isolate antioxidant biomarkers in IB using at‐line LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐(MS/MS) coupled with a simple DPPH assay and comprehensively investigate the antioxidant activities of IB extract and isolated biomarker.

Methodology

Following liquid chromatography (LC), the eluent of IB extract was split into two streams (9:1 ratio). The majority was fractionated for DPPH assay in 96‐well plates, whereas 10% underwent chemical identification using ESI‐QTOF‐MS. Antioxidants in IB were identified, targeted, and promptly isolated through transfer from analytical LC to preparative HPLC. IB and the isolated biomarkers were evaluated for antioxidant effects using various antiradical assays and in suppressing ROS induced by UV in skin cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts.

Results

Thirty‐one chemical constituents were identified, with four tentatively identified as potent antioxidants. Kaempferol emerged as a potential antioxidant biomarker in IB, exhibiting superior antioxidant activity in various in vitro assays compared with positive controls. Both IB extract and kaempferol effectively reduced UVB‐induced ROS in skin cells.

Conclusion

This study represents the first comprehensive identification of antioxidants and chemical constituents in IB, pinpointing kaempferol as a key antioxidant biomarker. Its rapid identification using at‐line techniques holds promise for advancing bioactive compound discovery in herbal medicine.
DFT Computation, Spectroscopic, Hirshfeld Surface, Docking and Topological Analysis on 2,2,5‐Trimethyl‐1,3‐Dioxane‐5‐Carboxylic Acid as Potent Anti‐Cancer Agent
Authors: kumar J. Senthil , Karthik N. , Sumathi S. , Jyothi N. Siva , Saranya S. , Jeyavijayan S.
Published: October 2024

The 2,2,5‐trimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐5‐carboxylic acid (TDCA) using both theoretical and experimental methods have been studied. The sample has been subjected to XRD, FTIR, FT‐Raman, (C13 and H1) NMR, and UV–vis spectrum analysis. Then, theoretical calculations have been performed at the DFT/B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) higher based scale. The theoretical and experimental geometrical parameters and frequencies have been compared well. Theoretical and experimental NMR chemical shifts have been determined. Absorption wavelengths of UV–Vis spectrum were experimentally measured and compared with TD‐DFT predictions. Detailed explanations have been given for frontier molecular orbitals, low density gradient, distribution of Mulliken charges, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), RDG, localized orbital location, and electron localized activities. Based on the studied 2D image of the Hirschfield surfaces, H···H (65.6%) and O···H/H···O (33.6%) are found as the controlling interactions. A high binding affinity of −6.5 Kcal/mol has been calculated against 4OAR protein. These theoretical findings of the molecule may be used as an anticancer drug candidate, which helps to explain the structural stability, reactivity and anticancer potential of TDCA. High drug affinity for the TDCA has been detected by in silico ADMET prediction.
Leaving No One Behind: Examining the effect of financial, gender, and digital inclusion on sustainable development
Authors: Abdulkareem Hauwah K. K. , Jimoh Sodiq Olaiwola , Nofiu Taofeekat Temitope , Akande Rashidat Sumbola
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes the effects of different dimensions of inclusion toward the attainment of sustainable development in 33 sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries from the financial, gender, and technological perspectives between 2004 and 2021. This study employs the System Generalized Method of Moments given its ability to address potential endogeneity issues, capture the dynamic nature of relationships, and mitigate potential biases while adopting the Driscoll–Kraay standard errors for robustness check. Findings reveal two of the three measures of financial inclusion wield positive and significant effects on sustainable development while credit to the private sector is found to be detrimental. Also, all three measures of gender inclusion (female employment to population, female labor force participation rate, and the number of women holding a seat in parliament) positively influence sustainable development. Contrastingly, the coefficients of digital inclusion (mobile phone subscription and internet usage) were revealed to be harmful to sustainable development in SSA. This paper advocates for increased financial inclusion through financial literacy, customized financial products, and gender‐sensitive financial services. Pertinent are gender policies that address gender norms in addition to the enactment, avowed commitment, and support for affirmative action toward closing gender gaps across all sectors and at all levels.
Metal‐Organic Framework (Cu@ZIF) for Photocatalytic Reduction of p‐Nitrophenol and its Toxicological Evaluation using Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)
Authors: Lakshmi Krishnasamy , Kadirvelu Krishna
Published: October 2024

Global food security depends on agricultural development, yet excessive fertilizer and pesticide usage is harmful to the environment. These substances have a role in human health problems, environmental changes, and erosion of the soil. Although p‐nitrophenol, an organic pollutant and other organophosphorous compounds are utilised in agriculture, their usage raises major health and environmental issues. These synthetic pesticides are quite effective at getting rid of pests, but they have also been linked to serious health problems for people and animals, degraded soil, and contaminated water. One typical persistent pollutant present in industrial wastewater is the organic pollutant, which is produced by organophosphorous compounds. The primary objective of this work is to use Cu@ZIF for photoreduction of p‐nitrophenol (PNP). A UV‐visible spectrophotometer test revealed that the deterioration peak after 60 mins. An analyzer for total organic carbon (TOC) was utilised to assess the PNP mineralization. The catalyst remained same and continued in the same behaviour even after four cycles. This study evaluated the acute toxicity of PNP on the development of early‐stage zebrafish, paying particular attention to the embryonic developmental deformities. The technique of photocatalytic decontamination is safe for the environment, financially practical, and technically achievable.