bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic review on gene–sun exposure interactions in skin cancer
Authors: Shraim Rasha , Farran Mohamed Ziad , He George , Marunica Karsaj Jelena , Zgaga Lina , McManus Ross
Published: August 2023

Background

The risk of skin cancer is determined by environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation (UVR), personal habits like time spent outdoors and genetic factors. This review aimed to survey existing studies in gene–environment (GxE) interaction on skin cancer risk, and report on GxE effect estimates.

Methods

We searched Embase, Medline (Ovid) and Web of Science (Core Collection) and included only primary research that reported on GxE on the risk of the three most common types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. Quality assessment followed the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analysis was not possible because no two studies examined the same interaction. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021238064).

Results

In total 260 records were identified after exclusion of duplicates. Fifteen studies were included in the final synthesis—12 used candidate gene approach. We found some evidence of GxE interactions with sun exposure, notably, with MC1R, CAT and NOS1 genes in melanoma, HAL and IL23A in BCC and HAL and XRCC1 in SCC.

Conclusion

Sun exposure seems to interact with genes involved in pigmentation, oxidative stress and immunosuppression, indicating that excessive UV exposure might exhaust oxidative defence and repair systems differentially, dependent on genetic make‐up. Further research is warranted to better understand skin cancer epidemiology and develop sun exposure recommendations. A genome‐wide approach is recommended as it might uncover unknown disease pathways dependent on UV radiation.
Effectiveness and safety of early postpyloric feeding during therapeutic hypothermia in patients with large hemispheric infarction: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cao Wenya , Chang Hong , Li Miao , Ji Tong , Fan Kaiting , Fan Linlin , Tian Fei , Liu Gang
Published: August 2023

Background

What kind of feeding should be provided during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in patients with large hemispheric infarction (LHI) is not clear. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective observational study to determine whether providing early postpyloric feeding (PPF) (<24 h after admission) is beneficial or harmful for patients with this condition.

Methods

This study retrospectively screened 78 patients with LHI who were treated with TH from one neurological intensive care unit (ICU). The patients were receiving either early PPF (n = 52) or early parenteral nutrition (PN) (n = 26). Data regarding 30‐day mortality, neurological outcome, nutrition‐related laboratory indicators, ICU hospitalization time, mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, and complications were collected.

Results

A greater number of patients who received early PPF had favorable neurologic outcome than those who received early PN (57.7% vs 30.7%, P = 0.025). The early PPF group had a lower severity of pulmonary infection than the early PN group, as measured by the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (7.33 ± 0.96 vs 9.42 ± 2.11, P = 0.006). The total protein and hemoglobin levels in the early PPF group were higher than those in the early PN group (59.56 ± 5.09 vs 56.52 ± 7.94 g/L, P = 0.046; 131.06 ± 19.58 vs 122.07 ± 17.72 g/L, P = 0.045). The MV duration and ICU hospitalization time were shorter in the early PPF group (13 [9;21] vs 21 [14;30] days, P = 0.006; 28 [22;36] vs 34 [33;51] days, P = 0.014). There were no significant differences in the incidence of catheter‐related bloodstream infections, 30‐day mortality, or nutrition intolerance between the two groups.

Conclusion

Early PPF is an effective and safe enteral nutrition method for patients with LHI receiving TH.
Circadian misalignment increases 24‐hour acylated ghrelin in chronic shift workers: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Qian Jingyi , Morris Christopher J. , Caputo Rosanna , Scheer Frank A. J. L.
Published: August 2023

Objective

Shift workers typically experience misalignment between their circadian system and behavioral/environmental cycles and have an increased risk for obesity. Experimental studies in non‐shift workers have suggested that circadian misalignment can disrupt energy balance regulation. This study examined the impact of circadian misalignment in the most relevant population, i.e., chronic shift workers.

Methods

Seven healthy chronic night shift workers underwent a randomized crossover study with two 3‐day laboratory protocols: a night work protocol including 12‐hour inverted behavioral/environmental cycles (circadian misalignment) and a day work protocol (circadian alignment).

Results

Circadian misalignment led to a ~17% increase in 24‐hour acylated ghrelin levels in the chronic shift workers (p = 0.009). Consistently, circadian misalignment resulted in ~14% higher hunger at breakfast in the night shift (p = 0.04). Circadian misalignment did not significantly change fasting and postprandial energy expenditure or respiratory exchange ratio (all p > 0.32). Unexpectedly, 24‐hour behavioral activity levels were ~38% higher (p < 0.0001) during circadian misalignment, despite a concurrent increase in sleepiness (p = 0.03).

Conclusions

These results reveal that circadian misalignment, while carefully controlling for dietary intake, increases acylated ghrelin in chronic shift workers. Further studies should test whether the observed acute effects of circadian misalignment in chronic shift workers contribute to their increased obesity risk in the long term.
Automated extraction of weight, height, and obesity in electronic medical records are highly valid
Authors: Sandhu Namneet , Krusina Alexander , Quan Hude , Walker Robin , Martin Elliot A. , Eastwood Cathy A. , Southern Danielle A.
Published: August 2023

Objective

Coding of obesity using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) in healthcare administrative databases is under‐reported and thus unreliable for measuring prevalence or incidence. This study aimed to develop and test a rule‐based algorithm for automating the detection and severity of obesity using height and weight collected in several sections of the Electronic Medical Records (EMRs).

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 1904 inpatient charts randomly selected in three hospitals in Calgary, Canada between January and June 2015 were reviewed and linked with AllScripts Sunrise Clinical Manager EMRs. A rule‐based algorithm was created which looks for patients' height and weight values recorded in EMRs. Clinical notes were split into sentences and searched for height and weight, and BMI was computed.

Results

The study cohort consisted of 1904 patients with 50.8% females and 43.3% > 64 years of age. The final model to identify obesity within EMRs resulted in a sensitivity of 92.9%, specificity of 98.4%, positive predictive value of 96.7%, negative predictive value of 96.6%, and F1 score of 94.8%.

Conclusions

This study developed a highly valid rule‐based EMR algorithm that detects height and weight. This could allow large‐scale analyses using obesity that were previously not possible.
Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Central nervous system tumors
Authors: Leary Sarah E. S. , Onar‐Thomas Arzu , Fangusaro Jason , Gottardo Nicholas G. , Cohen Kenneth , Smith Amy , Huang Annie , Haas‐Kogan Daphne , Fouladi Maryam ,   the COG Central Nervous System Committee
Published: August 2023

Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Molecular characterization in the last decade has redefined CNS tumor diagnoses and risk stratification; confirmed the unique biology of pediatric tumors as distinct entities from tumors that occur in adulthood; and led to the first novel targeted therapies receiving Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for children with CNS tumors. There remain significant challenges to overcome: children with unresectable low‐grade glioma may require multiple prolonged courses of therapy affecting quality of life; children with high‐grade glioma have a dismal long‐term prognosis; children with medulloblastoma may suffer significant short‐ and long‐term morbidity from multimodal cytotoxic therapy, and approaches to improve survival in ependymoma remain elusive. The Children's Oncology Group (COG) is uniquely positioned to conduct the next generation of practice‐changing clinical trials through rapid prospective molecular characterization and therapy evaluation in well‐defined clinical and molecular groups.
Development and erosion wear analysis of polypropylene/Linz‐Donawitz sludge composites
Authors: Purohit Abhilash , Gupta Gaurav , Pradhan Priyabrat , Agrawal Alok
Published: August 2023

In the present investigation, a steel industry waste Linz–Donawitz (LD) sludge was added in different proportions with a polypropylene (PP) matrix and composite specimens were manufactured using the hand layup method. Experiments were performed to study the physical, mechanical, and erosion wear properties of the PP–LD sludge composites. This investigation also includes scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x‐ray diffraction analysis of filler and composites. The erosion wear tests were carried out by Taguchi's experimental array design, where the effect of five control factors (impingement angle, filler content, erodent size, impact velocity, and erodent temperature) on erosion rate was analyzed. It was observed that filler content is the most influencing factor affecting were rate of the composites. At the maximum filler content of 20 wt%, the compressive strength and hardness increased to 85.71 MPa and 0.643 GPa, respectively. The tensile strength of the composites marginally decreased by 12.97% with the addition of 20 wt% filler. It was further observed that the flexural strength of the neat polymer decreased from 29.23 to 22.98 MPa with the addition of 20 wt% LD sludge. The SEM pictures of the eroded surface exhibited that the material removal is due to micro cracking and crack propagation.

Highlights

In this study, an industrial waste (LD sludge) is successfully used as a potential filler material in the PP matrix.

Physical and mechanical properties of the PP‐LD sludge composites are analyzed.

Effects of different parameters like filler content, impact velocity, impingement angle, erodent size and erodent temperature on the wear behavior are studied.

Scanning electron microscopy is carried out so that a micro‐examination of the surfaces can be performed, as well as an assessment of the wear derbies.
Prenatal assessment of pulmonary vasculature development in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A literature review
Authors: Weller Katinka , Edel Gabriëla G. , Steegers Eric A. P. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , DeKoninck Philip L. J. , Rottier Robbert J. , Eggink Alex J. , Peters Nina C. J.
Published: August 2023

Pathophysiological studies have shown that pulmonary vascular development is impaired in fetuses with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), leading to a simplified vascular tree and increased vascular resistance. Multiple studies have described prenatal ultrasound parameters for the assessment of the pulmonary vasculature, but none of these parameters are used in daily clinical practice. We provide a comprehensive review of the literature published between January 1990 and February 2022 describing these parameters, and aim to explain the clinical relevance of these parameters from what is known from pathophysiological studies. Prenatal detection of a smaller diameter of the contralateral (i.e. contralateral to the diaphragmatic defect) first branch of the pulmonary artery (PA), higher pulsatility indices (PI), higher peak early diastolic reverse flow values, and a lower vascularization index seem of added value for the prediction of survival and, to a lesser extent, morbidity. Integration within the routine evaluation is complicated by the lack of uniformity of the methods used. To address the main components of the pathophysiological changes, we recommend future prenatal studies in CDH with a focus on PI values, PA diameters and pulmonary vascular branching.
Predicted viscosity of liquid HMX up to 40 GPa
Authors: Kroonblawd Matthew P. , Bastea Sorin , Springer H. Keo
Published: August 2023

Viscous flow serves as a significant heating mechanism during the formation of hot spots, but the shear viscosity which determines this response is poorly characterized for most high explosives. Recently, a model was proposed for the shear viscosity of liquid HMX (1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocane) that was fit to pressures reaching 5 GPa, but this work uncovered uncertainties in the viscosity at 0 GPa and remains untested at higher pressures. We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the Green‐Kubo formalism to predict the temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent shear viscosity of HMX over the pressure interval 0 GPa≤P≤40 GPa. Reassessment of the viscosity at 0 GPa rules out several potential explanations for discrepancies between earlier reports; we attribute these differences to details of MD trajectory integration impacting molecular flexibility. The shear viscosity of HMX exhibits an Arrhenius temperature dependence at each pressure considered, with exponential prefactor and activation energy terms that are also strong functions of pressure. An analytic form for the viscosity is developed based on an extension of the well‐known Andrade equation that simultaneously captures the temperature and pressure dependencies in the MD data up to 40 GPa. Comparison against a recently developed model for the viscosity of liquid RDX (1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane) shows that both materials exhibit similar functional dependencies with the viscosity of HMX being higher by roughly an order of magnitude at a given temperature‐pressure state.
Risk assessment of solid desiccant dehydration package system using safety integrity level‐based safety instrumented system design approach
Authors: Park Sanghyun , Lee Tae Hee , Kang Kwangu , Noh Hyonjeong , Kim Hyungwoo , Oh Jaewon , Kim Kyong‐Hwan , Cho Su‐gil
Published: August 2023

The dehydration package system plays an important role in the stable process operation and production of high‐quality liquefied natural gas by removing water, which is essential for natural gas production. However, as this system operates under various conditions with chemicals, there are threats to safety from potential hazards within the system. Therefore, ensuring system safety can significantly impact the reliable operation of process plants. This study aims to assess the risk of the dehydration package system through the safety integrity level (SIL)‐based safety instrumented system (SIS) design approach as suggested in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61,508/61511 standards. Fourteen major hazards requiring recommendations were identified for improving safety through the hazard and operability study (HAZOP). The three major hazards were valve malfunction and gas heater/cooler control failure. Twenty‐one safety instrumented functions (SIFs) in all study nodes were suggested as recommendations to improve safety. Using layers of protection analysis (LOPA), the SIL allocation of the 21 SIFs was performed reasonably with process risks and safeguards. The PDS method was adopted for SIS design and verification, with SIL analysis performed for all the SISs. The results showed that SISs of the dehydration package system satisfied the required SILs.
A Theoretical Approach for Detecting the Chikungunya Virus Based on 1D Photonic Crystals
Authors: Kathiresan Karuppiah , Ramanujam Nambi Ramachary , Poovendran Karuppiah , Taya Sofyan A.
Published: August 2023

In the current study, it is aimed at using defective 1D photonic crystals (PCs) to detect the chikungunya virus in various healthy and diseased blood samples composed of plasma, platelets, red blood cells, and uric acid. The proposed PC structure has 14 periods and consists of repeating SiC and SiO2 layers with a central cavity layer. When blood samples are injected into the cavity layer, the transmittance spectrum is examined theoretically by using a transfer matrix approach to determine how the wavelength of the defect mode changes. The cavity layer is 540 and 648 nm thick, and the work is carried out at different angles of incidence. The performance of the sensor is quantified by computing the sensitivity, figure of merit, quality factor, and limit of detection values of the sensor for various blood samples. The maximum sensitivity is 1205.5 nm RIU−1 and detection limit of the order is 10−6 in this proposed work. A lower value of sensor resolution of 0.01218 is also achieved. Such a high‐performance sensor is suitable for biosensing applications with better sensing capabilities.
Quantifying impacts of forest fire on soil carbon in a young, intensively managed tree farm in the western Oregon Cascades
Authors: McCool Katherine D. , Holub Scott M. , Gao Si , Morrissette Brett A. , Blunn Jessica E. , Gallo Adrian C. , Hatten Jeff A.
Published: August 2023

Forest soils of the Pacific Northwest contain immense amounts of carbon (C). Increasing acreage burned by severe wildfire in the western Oregon Cascades threatens belowground C stocks. The objective of this research was to quantify the changes in soil C stocks, nitrogen (N) stocks, and relevant chemical and physical parameters after a severe wildfire in a young, intensively managed Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas‐fir) tree farm in the western Oregon Cascades. This longitudinal study was originally established to detect soil C changes after a harvest; therefore, it offers insight into long‐term soil C dynamics after compounding disturbances. Forest floor and 0–30 cm depth soil samples were collected for comparison before and after the fire and were then split into size fractions to assess the fire's effect on different grain sizes and forest floor compositions. Overall, soil C was approximately 40 Mg C ha−1 lower after the fire, equivalent to approximately 30% of soil C stocks. Of these decreases, two‐thirds were in the forest floor and one‐third were in the mineral soil. C stock losses were driven by changes in mass in every composite level. C concentration was unchanged in most levels while N concentration increased in certain levels. Losses extended further belowground than most previously studied soil C decreases from severe wildfire. The effects of wildfire on soil C stocks in industrial tree farms should be further explored to determine long‐term trajectories of soil C and N.
3: A Machine Haptic System based on a Flexible Tactile Sensor Array Enabling Material Classification and Texture Recognition
Authors: Lin Jianle , Li Huimin , Jiang Bowei , Liu Xinghui , Li Wenjun , Wang Jing , Wang Kai
Published: August 2023

Human haptic systems such as hand and skin are capable of material classification and texture recognition with a slight training effort where the mechanoreceptor first collects the tactile information, secondly, the nerves and neurons deliver the message and finally, the somatosensory cortex in the brain computes and makes a decision. In this work, we attempt to build a machine haptic system to mimic functions of skin and nervous system for material classification and recognition.
3.1: Invited Paper: Improving the front emission of Micro‐LED by using a sidewall light guide structure
Authors: Xia Tianwen , Liu Yongzhen , Huang Zhonghang , Wu Dalei , Liang Tao , Chen Enguo , Sun Jie , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang
Published: August 2023

Micro‐LED is one of the most promising display devices, which has Micron‐sized inorganic structure. The miniaturized size of Micro‐LED leads to a large amount of sidewall emission, which causes crosstalk for display devices. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a novel Micro‐LED structure by designing a sidewall light guide structure where SiO2 and TiO2 layers are successively added to the Micro‐LED's sidewall to form a total reflection layer. Thereby, large part of the light emitting from sidewall can be guided to the front of this structure. The simulation results show that RGB Micro‐LEDs with the sidewall light guide structure can improve the efficiency of front emission in the range of sidewall inclination degree from 0° to 50°. Further, the ratio of front emission to the total emission can be improved to 68%.
4.1: Cumulative Lifetime Enhancement Effect of Deuteration in Blue OLEDs
Authors: Dong Shou-Cheng , Yao Jingwen , Zhang Ye-Xin , Tang Ching W.
Published: August 2023

The cumulative effects of deuteration on the device lifetime of blue OLEDs with emitters based on common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were studied using two anthracene‐based host materials. Their deuterated analogues with incremental deuterium substitutions exhibited similar EL efficiencies but progressively prolonged device lifetimes as a function of deuteration.
6.3: Improving Cross Line Defects of Ultra Narrow Bezel Displays by Decreasing Foreign Matter
Authors: Wang Xintong , Gui Lihong , Cooper Yanjun Song
Published: August 2023

Cross line defects are stubborn problems which puzzles ultra narrow bezel displays for a long time. It not only seriously lower yield of ultra narrow bezel displays, but also is difficult to repair in cell processing by NRP (normal repair). In this paper we mainly describe improving cross line defects by decreasingforeign matter in the process of CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition).
7.1: Invited Paper: Visual Fatigue Reduction Using Binocular Near Eye DFD Display System
Authors: Ikeda Naoyasu , Sato Tetsushi , Tashiro Tetsuro , Ibata Yukie , Masumura Kazunori , Shigemura Koji
Published: August 2023

We built a new binocular near eye DFD display system. In order to display two virtual images at different viewing distances from the observer, which is necessary for DFD image, we employed time division driving of the LCD. Furthermore, using this DFD display system, visual fatigue was evaluated when observing 3D image by binocular near eye DFD and 3D image with only vergence. We suggested that 3D image by binocular near eye DFD causes less visual fatigue than 3D image with only vergence.
7.3: Invited Paper: Compensation for uOLED Displays and Optical Modules for Virtual Reality Headsets
Authors: Jia Tao , Zhao Mengna , Yu Luwei , Jiang Zhikang
Published: August 2023

Virtual reality (VR) displays have become increasingly popular in recent years, however, the nonidealities of these displays can hinder the users from experiencing a truly immersive experience. In this paper, we review the compensation process for micro‐organic light‐emitting diode (uOLED) displays and the associated optical modules. We discuss the full procedure of the panel compensation method, as well as the process of distortion correction for the optical modules. Additionally, we provide remarks on the mass‐production‐compatible metrology at the end.
9.2: Mechanism of H2O‐induced Instability of Self‐Aligned Top‐Gate Amorphous InGaZnO TFTs
Authors: Li Jiye , Zhang Yuqing , Peng Hao , Yang Huan , Lu Lei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: August 2023

The influence of H2O on self‐aligned top‐gate (SATG) a‐ InGaZnO thin‐film transistor (TFT) was systematically investigated by performing the high‐temperature high‐humidity (HTHH) test (50 °C, 80% RH). Though initial electrical characteristics were well maintained, the stability under positive bias stress (PBS) was considerably deteriorated, including an abnormal negative Vth shift, degraded SS, and increased off current. The mechanism of H2O‐induced instability was proposed to be the dissociation of H2O molecules and the migration of hydrogen (H) atoms into the a‐IGZO channel. The hydrogen diffusion and doping effects in SATG a‐IGZO TFTs were further proved by SiNx‐passivated TFTs with regulated H content in SiNx layers.
11.1: Invited Paper: High Performance Deep Red OLEDs Using Dual p‐dopants to Control Hole Injection
Authors: Xie Menglan , Pang Huiqing , Wang Jing , Cui Zhihao , Zheng Renjie , Ding Hualong , Zhang Qi , Zhang Cuifang , Kwong Ray , Xia Sean
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate improved charge balance in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) by optimizing the hole injection layer (HIL) to control the hole density through the device. Two novel p‐dopants (PDs), PD02 with a shallow lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) at ‐4.63 eV (reported in our previous work) and PD03 with a relatively deep LUMO of ‐4.91 eV were used. A two‐layer HIL consisting of HTM:PD02 and HTM:PD03 introduces new design flexibility to improve charge balance in the light emission layer. Using 16% by mass of PD02 and 3% by mass of PD03, we achieve, (1) a bottom emission deep red device with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 30% at a CIE of (0.701, 0.299), an operating voltage of 3.2 V and LT95~13, 000 h at 10 mA/cm2. In particular, the efficiency roll‐off of this device is greatly reduced, which is highly desirable in the display industry. (2) a top emission deep red device with a current efficiency (CE) of 75 cd/A at a CIE of (0.707, 0.293), an operating voltage of 3.6 V and LT95 over 15, 000 h at 10 mA/cm2. An additional benefit from this novel dual p‐doped HIL approach is its much lower lateral conductivity compared to the standard single HIL device structure, resulting in reduced lateral crosstalk between RGB pixels.
20.2: Invited Paper: Fast and Robust High Precision Luminance Image Stitching in Uniformity and DeMURA measurements
Authors: Rotscholl Ingo , Liu Bob , Krüger Udo
Published: August 2023

This paper provides an overview of image stitching and its general
advantages and challenges. Further, we introduce a novel
stitching concept based on our advanced pixel registration (APR)
procedure. It allows easy and comparable flexible stitching setups
for DeMURA and uniformity measurements in laboratory and
production environments.
24.1: Invited Paper: Micro‐LED 4.78 inch Tiled Display Modules with 100% Yield Achieved by Stamp Transfer Technology
Authors: Cao Xuan , Wang Yan , Wang Kang , Lin Jie , Cui Yongxin , Huang Xiuqi
Published: August 2023

Glass based Micro‐LED display, as one of the most promising
advanced display technologies, has attracted increasing interests
from academia and display industry. With collaborative work by
panel makers, LED manufacturers, equipment and materials
makers in the efforts to improve the yield and performance while
reducing the cost, Micro‐LED is getting closer towards a possibility
of mass production full‐process. Stamp mass transfer is the pioneer
candidate along this roadmap. With extensive research in transfer,
inspection and repair technology, Vistar has developed a full‐
process solution that can push the yield up to 100% on our splicing
display units. In this paper, we introduce the 4.78 inch true bezel‐
less Micro‐LED panel, as building blocks towards free size large
tiled displays. And by proofing the technology in Micro‐LED
manufacture, this may lay out a milestone in the way towards the
realization of industrial Micro‐LED products.
28.2: Chiral Liquid Crystal Flat Optics Devices for Optical Components and Augmented Reality Displays
Authors: Stebryte Migle , Berteloot Brecht , Sharma Rohan , Nys Inge , Neyts Kristiaan
Published: August 2023

Chiral liquid crystal with a short pitch can form gratings with very
small period and lead to efficient diffraction over large angels.
With this approach flat optical devices may be created for
incoupling and outcoupling of light in waveguides. The efficiency
in a narrow wavelength range is high, which makes this approach
very promising for augmented reality displays.
43.2: Parasitic Capacitance Model for BGTC TFTs and Verification Using C‐V Measurements from Devices with Various Channel Dimensions
Authors: Mendez Jose E.
Published: August 2023

A model of the accumulation and depletion capacitance for a bottom gate top contact (BGTC) thin film transistors (TFT) with an etch stop layer (ESL) was presented. The model, which includes the parasitic capacitance due to device layout, was verified by comparison of measured data and modeled data for TFTs of various dimensions. Good agreement was seen between measured and modeled data, where the model underestimated the capacitance by 2% to 7%, depending on the device dimensions. The impact of the parasitic capacitance on estimates of the Debye length (λD ) are discussed and it is demonstrated that the relative error in the λD estimates is directly proportional to the ratio of the parasitic capacitance over the measured capacitance (CPAR/CM). The relative error was shown to increase as the ratio increases, leading to a larger underestimation of the λD. It was concluded that the parasitic capacitance to measured capacitance should be minimized for devices that are used for extraction of physical parameters from C‐V data. This is especially important in the case where the λD is a critical parameter in the optimization of TFT performance.
45.3: An Integrated Solution for Under Screen Face Authentication
Authors: Yang Guoqiang , Chen Cheng , Wu Xing , Metz Stefan , Tang Kyla , Tseng Philip
Published: August 2023

Under Screen Face Authentication (USFA) has become the future development trend. By optimizing the Pixel Shape in the sub-display area and separating the Pixel circuit from the physical position of OLED devices, we still maintain the independent pixel driving mode to realize OLED luminescence with the main display area. In this way, we can maximize the screen transmittance and improve diffraction to better match the response of photosensitive components to light and the difficulty of algorithm compensation. Through further optimization with trinamiX BPA Face authentication hardware & diffraction algorithm, the USFA technology is realized.
P‐2.3: Simultaneous localization and Mapping Method Based on Mechanical Lidar
Authors: zhi Guorui , li Wanlin
Published: August 2023

With the progress of society and the development of science and
technology, automatic driving, as the advanced stage of assisted
driving, has become one of the most promising research
directions in the future. The premise of realizing automatic
driving is to accurately and efficiently perceive the surrounding
environment, and SLAM technology can fuse multiple sensors to
estimate the position and position of the vehicle, which is widely
used in the construction of environmental maps. In real life, the environment in the process of car driving is often
composed of dynamic people and vehicles. However, the SLAM
algorithm based on static scene is easy to form wrong matching
relationship when it performs point cloud matching in dynamic
scene. Therefore, based on the dynamic object environment, this
paper adopts the multi‐sensor fusion method, improves the frontend odometer on the basis of LIO‐SAM algorithm, adds semantic
information to the lidar odometer, removes the dynamic object
and improves the accuracy of point cloud registration. The
experimental results show that the proposed method can filter the
dynamic objects in the dropped point cloud data in the dynamic
scene, and the mapping effect is better than that of the pure
geometric method.
P‐2.8: Metaverse: Origin, Current Applications and Prospects for Future Development
Authors: Fan Xinchao , Wang Hao , Wang Lijun
Published: August 2023

The Metaverse is a mixed reality environment that combines virtual and real worlds, originating from the 1980s. Today, the Metaverse has become a hot topic, attracting a large influx of funding and talent. It is considered the next generation of the internet, with wide-ranging applications in areas such as gaming, social media, healthcare, education, tourism, and retail. In the future, the Metaverse is expected to become a significant economic industry, completely changing people's production and lifestyle, much like the internet did 20 years ago.
P‐2.22: Research on 3D Target Detection Algorithm in Automatic Driving Scenario
Authors: Ma Junce , Li Wanlin
Published: August 2023

As a research hotspot in computer vision, 3D object detection has wide application prospects. In the field of autonomous driving, the perception system with three-dimensional object detection function enables the vehicle to perceive the surrounding environment, make the vehicle more intelligent, and play a role in assisting driving. Aiming at two commonly used sensors: monocular camera and lidar, combined with deep learning, this paper separately studies the 3D target detection algorithm of PointPillars based on attention mechanism and the 3D target detection method based on monocular vision. The results show that the detection performance based on monocular vision still has advantages and can be used as an effective supplement to Lidar based three-dimensional target detection, improving the robustness of the sensing system.
P‐2.25: Research on Virtual Reality Field Based on Multimodal Emotion Recognition
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Wang Jingliang , Wang Lijun , Li Zhengping , li Ying
Published: August 2023

At present, emotion recognition has become a research hotspot in the field of pattern recognition. Considering the problems of incomplete information and strong interference in single‐modal emotion recognition, multimodal emotion recognition has been widely studied. Multimodal data includes, but is not limited to, emoji, text, and voice modality data. There are various ways to express emotion, among which expression, text and voice are the most direct and reliable emotional information carriers. Therefore, it is of great research and practical significance to comprehensively consider the emotion recognition research of expression, text and voice modalities, and to apply its research results to the field of virtual reality (referred to as VR).

This paper analyzes the relevant situation of multimodal emotion recognition, extracts features of voice, text and expression, and then fuses them into multimodal for emotional analysis, and applies it to the VR field. The main work content is as follows: the relevant technologies of multimodal emotion recognition research in the field of VR are introduced, including deep learning related technologies, virtual reality technology, and multimodal fusion methods. In terms of deep learning, the focus is on convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks and their variants. In terms of virtual reality technology, the characteristics and applications of virtual reality are introduced. In terms of multimodal fusion, three commonly used fusion methods are introduced.
P‐2.26: Research and Implementation of Augmented Reality System Based on Improved ORB Features
Authors: Wang JingLiang , Wang Lijun , Li Zhengping , Li Ying , Song Jianwen
Published: August 2023

The ORB-SLAM3 algorithm operates around the matching relationship of feature points. Only when the extracted matching points are sufficient and accurate can the camera pose and the world coordinates of map points be calculated correctly and quickly, then sufficient effective data can be extracted in the environment. It is particularly important. ORB-SLAM3 can extract images up to 30ms/frame. The real-time performance on the PC is very good, but the performance on the embedded side is not good enough. This paper optimizes the problems existing in the feature point extraction and map construction of the monocular ORB-SLAM3 system to improve the illumination invariance, uniformity and human-computer interaction of the algorithm, improve the threshold and improve the extraction accuracy with the help of the IMU sensor. The radius algorithm and YOLOv7 algorithm filter the best points to improve the matching accuracy of feature points. In order to achieve the final effect of augmented reality, a set of augmented reality development system was constructed based on the Unity3D cross-platform game engine. The system guarantees synchronous rendering, particle effects, background video rendering and real-time shadow rendering. At the same time, the interface is packaged and can be connected to the perception positioning algorithm library under different platforms. The augmented reality system is completed by using HoloLens. The system can autonomously detect the environment, Track and record the position of relevant objects in the environment, and at the same time use the visual SLAM perception positioning algorithm to ensure the safety of users, providing a new idea for the application of augmented reality devices.
P‐2.32: Six‐degree‐of‐freedom Platform Motion Anomaly Prediction Technology Based on Binocular Vision
Authors: Qiu Jiahui , Li Zhengping , li Ying , Wang Lijun
Published: August 2023

Binocular stereo vision is based on the principle of parallax and uses imaging equipment to obtain two images of the measured object from different positions, and obtains the three-dimensional geometric information of the object by calculating the position deviation between the corresponding points of the image. As an important execution component of the six-degree-of-freedom platform in the flight simulator, the electric cylinder can undertake the important task of dynamic simulation, and its abnormal working state directly affects the training effect and life safety of the flight simulator users. In this paper, the electric cylinder position pose is obtained by the three-dimensional point cloud method, and the improved active learning anomaly detection algorithm is proposed to predict the electric cylinder position posture, so as to determine whether the platform electric cylinder fails.
P‐4.2: An Image Pre‐distortion Algorithm for Near‐eye Display
Authors: Xiaobo Huang , Limin Yan
Published: August 2023

With the development of near-eye display technology, optical distortion is often introduced into the design of near-eye optical system to meet people's requirements for high definition and large field of view. However, the larger the field of view, the greater the distortion of the projected image. In order to correct distorted images, this paper proposes an image pre-distortion algorithm based on nonlinear fitting and forward mapping interpolation. The radial basis function fitting algorithm is used to get a more precise mapping relationship between the original image and the pre-distorted image. The compactly supported radial basis function (CSRBF) interpolation algorithm based on forward mapping is used for image gray reconstruction to obtain better correction effect of image distortion. The experimental results show that the fitting error of the radial basis function fitting algorithm can be reduced to less than 1 pixel, reaching sub-pixel level. The pre-distortion algorithm has a good correction effect on the non-rotational symmetry distortion produced by the near-eye optical system, which makes the display image clear and complete.
P‐4.3: An Adaptive Foveal Image Transmission Algorithm Based on Human Eye Gaze Point
Authors: Yan Wang , Limin Yan
Published: August 2023

With the development of display devices towards high resolution and high refresh rate, the amount of video image data is increasing exponentially, which brings challenges to the bandwidth resources of the display system. From the perspective of human visual system, combining the change of the gaze point position and the sampling characteristics of the human eye foveal, an adaptive foveal image transmission algorithm based on human eye gaze point is proposed to reduce the data transmission bandwidth. The experimental results show when the viewing distance is 2 and the gaze point position is at the center of the image. The comprehensive compression ratio is 12.257, the data transmission clock frequency is 12.532MHz, and the total amount of data transmitted is 8.158% of the original total. The total amount of data transmission is greatly reduced, and the pressure on data transmission bandwidth is effectively relieved. So that video images with higher resolution and refresh rate can be displayed under the same clock frequency.
P‐4.5: A video data compression algorithm based on bit plane
Authors: Chengyu Wang , Limin Yan
Published: August 2023

High resolution and high refresh rate increase the pressure of wide transmission. Usually, video compression is used to solve this problem. However, traditional video compression methods cannot be performed in bit‐plane, which will increase the cost of storage area. For this reason, this paper first introduces a bit just noticeable difference (BJND) model based on bit‐plane. By analyzing the relationship between the bit‐plane, frequency and eccentricity, the bit just noticeable difference threshold of viewpoint is calculated. Finally, the just noticeable difference model applied to bit‐plane is obtained. Then this paper proposes a video compression scheme based on bit motion estimation algorithm, which optimizes the search range of motion estimation into two small rhombuses of time dimension and gray‐scale dimension. According to human visual system and probability statistical analysis, supplementary matching blocks are added to replace residual data, so that the compression ratio will be constant. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme has the best comprehensive effect on the compression of the lower five‐bit plane. The compression ratio is 1.385, the data transmission is constant, and there is no obvious difference between the restored image and the original image, which conforms to the intuitive perception of the human eye.
P‐4.10: Research on the new type of Full Attachment LCD Screen
Authors: Wang Chaoyue , Liu Jianming , Yu Xunwang , Dong Wenbo , Dai Ke , Hui Guanbao , Huang Yinhu , Wang Zhangtao
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the design of a liquid crystal display screen for the use of full attachment prism. By changing the diffusion layer particles on the top surface of the composite prism and the back coating particles on the bottom layer, the new prism can solve the mole and rainbow patterns caused by the bonding between LCD and prism film. This full‐attachment LCD screen can improve the film shielding; Increase LCD rigidity, reduce warping and defects caused by warping; Match with the prism is used, can improve optical efficiency, save energy and reduce consumption.
P‐4.12: Overview of 3D Display Industry and Challenges for the Near Future
Authors: Sha LIU , Dan WANG , Mingxiao JIANG , Xiaoling Xu , Jun Wu , Shiqing Ma , Ping Zhang
Published: August 2023

The evolution of 3D display technology as we know it has been a long time coming. In particular, 《 Avatar》, the first 3D movie, became popular worldwide in 2009, and then, opened up a whole new world of 3D display. 3D display is not an independent technology system. From content creation, storage and transmission to the final display in front of the end consumers, 3D display not only relies on but also benefits from the iterative development and innovative breakthroughs of many basic links in the information industry. This paper focuses on the development status of naked eye 3D display. The overall industry is still in a dilemma. For the 3D market, many users are still expecting more content, while content providers need to rely on better 3D terminals, and terminal brand manufacturers are still waiting for more market demand space to start new projects. Before the arrival of a better tomorrow, we should calmly face the current market challenges today and beyond. In the future, companies that can lead the way need to work together to promote the prosperity and development of the entire 3D display industry.
P‐6.5: The Quantification Method of Halo Effect
Authors: He Jia-Wei , Liao Peter , Zheng Hui-Long , Jiang Jun , Zhang Xiang , Xu Ya-Qin , Chung Smart
Published: August 2023

Mini‐LED has a number of dimming zones, when display showing with some zones emitting light, at the boundary of bright and dark patterns, it is easier to observe the halo, which will reduce the experience of users. In this study, we proposed a new quantification method of halo effect. The results showed that the larger the number of local dimming zones, the less obvious the halo effect, the better the image quality.
P‐7.1: Effect of S/D Decap Times on Ion attenuation in ADS Pro TFT
Authors: Chen Wenxiang , Luo Xu , Liu Dan , Ling Faling , Wu Fang , Liu Gaobin , Zhang Shufang , Fang Liang
Published: August 2023

The thin film transistors (TFTs) based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) often show a significant deterioration of electrical properties after ITO and source/drain (S/D) Decaping, it is necessary and valuable to clarify the cause and to solve the Ion drop problem induced by Decap. In this work, a‐Si:H TFT with Mo/Al/Mo three‐layers S/D electrode structure was fabricated and the device were undergone 0‐3 times Decap. The effect of S/D electrode Decap times on the electrical properties and content depth distribution of O, Si and Mo elements in samples were investigated. It is found the carrier concentration, mobility and Ion/Ioff decrease, but the resistivity increases with the increase of S/D Decap times. The invasion of impurity ions is the key factor causing the device's performance degradation. On the one hand, oxygen intrusion may lead to the formation of SiOX. On the other hand, the intrusion of Mo may bring about n‐type doping to Si, inducing a decrease in the carrier concentration of P‐doped a‐Si. Both will give rise to a larger resistance in the conductive path, resulting in a worse electrical performance.
P‐7.13: Photo‐induced Rotation Alignment for Ultra‐thin Circular Polarizer and Its Applications
Authors: YUAN Zheng-Nan , SUN Zhi-Bo , VASHCHENKO Valerii , CHENG Yue-Chu , HUO Yi-Peng , HO Jacob , CHEN Rong-Sheng , YEUNG Fion S. Y. , KWOK Hoi-Sing
Published: August 2023

An in‐cell broadband circular polarizer using liquid crystal polymer (LCP) is proposed in this paper. Specifically, a polarizer with photoalignment technology is combined on the top of it. An enhancement of the ambient contrast ratio (ACR) is achieved, which shows potential in the application of light‐emitting display (LED).
P‐8.8: High Performance Video Stream Codec for High‐speed Digital Transmission in Display Driver Chips
Authors: Cai Jian , Bu Xiaoming , Han Dedong , Liu Lifeng , Wang Yi
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, as the vivid visual enjoyment requiring in mobile display devices exploding everywhere, enormous bandwidth pressure lands in all high-speed digital transmission interfaces, such as HDMI, MIPI, DP, eDP etc. A low latency in pixels’ time, flexible implementation for circuits, and high performance in visual quality video stream encoder and decoder (FHP-Codec) is proposed to relax the stress. The image structural features are analyzed, which directs an accurate 1D or 2D prediction reducing the redundancy utmost compared with DSC by 10~20% benefit in entropy, without obvious increments in circuit area and power consumption. According to the benchmark in Kodak image suite, FHP-Codec shows a considerable cost-performance ratio for display driver application fields.
P‐10.7: Investigation of Fabrication Technologies of GaN‐based Micro‐LED Devices
Authors: Miao Xiangyu , Huang Wenjun , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

Micro-light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) is a new type of display device based on the third-generation semiconductor gallium nitride (GaN) material. Micro-LED has been applied to micro-display technology due to its huge development potential. However, the EQE of Micro-LEDs decreases with the decrease of the side wall defects, and the passivation process can reduce the sidewall damage and improve the EQE. In this study, the fabrication technology of Micro-LEDs was summarized and InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells (MQWs) Micro-LEDs from 10 × 10 μm to 200 × 200 μm were fabricated. The improvement effect of different passivation materials on the electrical characteristics of Micro-LEDs was explored. The results showed that passivation materials could effectively reduce the leakage of the device, reduce the sidewall damage and reduce the ideal factor, among which Si3N4 had the most obvious effect.