bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper and Inhibitors Induced Changes on Subcellular Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in the Leaves of Elsholtzia haichowensis
Authors: Yuan Dong
Published: June 2012

Under hydroponics, shoots of the copper (Cu) accumulator Elsholtzia haichowensis after 100 μM CuSO4 treatment 6 day were additionally treated with different inhibitors, then the effects of Cu and inhibitors on antioxidant enzyme activities in leave cells of E. haichowensis were investigated. Our results showed that Cu treatment significantly increased the activities of plasma membrane–bound NADPH oxidase, apoplastic peroxidase, apoplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD), symplastic SOD and symplastic ascorbate peroxidase in leaves of E. haichowensis. When additional treatment with N-N-diethyldithiocarbamate as an inhibitor of SOD, NaN3 as an inhibitor of peroxidase, diphenyleneiodonium as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase and1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulphonic acid as an O2•– scavenger, the activities of Cu-induced antioxidant enzymes in leave cells of E. haichowensis were significantly inhibited. The results showed that Cu-induced increase in the activities of various antioxidant enzymes in different cell compartments may represent a defense mechanism against oxidative stress.
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Camellia japonica L
Authors: Wang Bao Qing
Published: June 2012

Antioxidant activities of acetone and methanol extracts from stems and leaves of Camellia japonica L, one of traditional Chinese medicine consumed in the eastnorth region of China, were examined by a DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging assay and a β-carotene-linoleic acid test. In the DPPH system, the antioxidant activity of the acetone extracts was superior to that of the methanol extracts, with IC50 values were 246.56 and 320.17μg/mL, respectively. In the β-carotene-linoleic acid test, the inhibition ratio of the acetone extracts was found to be the higher, compared with the methanol extracts, with IC50 values were 258.19 and 396.88 μg/mL In general, the methanol extract showed greater activity than the acetone extract in both systems, such results might be attributed to the effects of the components of the methanol extract. It was concluded that Camellia japonica L might be a potential natural source of antioxidants.
Judge the Possible Areas in Eastern Part of Inner Mongolia where Strong Earthquakes Occur in the Future by Utilizing b-Value
Authors: Han Xiao Ming , Xue Ding , Hu Bo
Published: June 2012

The Zhalantun district of eastern part of Inner Mongolia is located at the northern section of Greater Khingan seismic belt, and it has complicated geological structure, with relatively dynamic moderately strong earthquake in past times and modern times. The seismic activities in this district is selected as the research object; based on the integrity analysis toward seismic sequence in the district, least square method is used to conduct time scanning calculation of b-value, and maximum likelihood method is used to conduct space scanning calculation of b-value. The b-value during the time scanning is the mean b-value of research zone in every scanning window, so its amplitude of variation is not quite great, with range of variation of b-value basically staying within 0.78-1.13, and range of error staying within 0.04-0.065. The space scanning results indicate that the space distribution range of b-value of Zhalantun district basically stays within 0.4-1.6, and the range of error is 0.045-0.085. The low b-value zone is the north central section of Alun River breakage, with b-value basically distributed within 0.5-0.7, which indicates that the earth crust medium of this zone is under the state of high horizontal stress accumulation and it is the dangerous zone where moderately strong earthquake or more occurs in the future.
Water Solubility Enhancement of DDT by Humic Acid and Extracellular Organic Matter of Aquatic Algae
Authors: Ma Hua , Cui Fu Yi , Zhao Zhi Wei , Liu Zhi Quan , Liu Dong Mei
Published: June 2012

The water solubility enhancement of 2,4´-DDT and 4,4´-DDT by humic acid and extracellular organic matter released from Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated by a ingenious sampling method and increasing apparent solute solubilities. Water solubility enhancements of the two DDT isomerizes by both humic acid and extracellular organic matter at the solution pH 7-11, and their solubilities increased with the increase of pH. Absorption coefficients Ciw (2,4´-DDT and 4,4´-DDT) increased with the increase of pH for HA and EOM, but Ciw for EOM are about two times than for HA at same TOC concentrations. The results suggested that more attentions should be paid to the enhancement of organic chemicals by EOM, especially in eutrophic water body where an increasing algae population usually appears, and the enhancement of DDT solubility by EOM may increase the risk of pesticide residues to organisms.
Advance in Monitoring Forest Fire in China Based on Multi-Satellite Data
Authors: Zhang Jia Hua , Yao Feng Mei
Published: June 2012

The advance in monitoring forest fire in China based on multi-Satellite data were discussed in the paper. Since the 1980s in China, the satellite remotely-sensed data have been acquired, such as NOAA/AVHRR, FY-series, MODIS, CBERS, and ENVISAT, have been widely utilized for monitoring forest fire hot spots and burned areas in China. Some developed algorithms have been utilized for detecting the forest fire hot spots.
Quantitative Analysis on Land Cover in Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on Transition Matrix
Authors: Wang Hui Ni , Li Bing , Duan Zhi Qiang
Published: June 2012

In order to make a quantitative analysis on the change of the ecological environment, special land cover classification was established to reveal the influence of human activities in ecological environment resource utilization in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and their evolution process. Land cover information were obtained from image interpretation and then made an analysis by using transition matrix. Finally, the main way and the rule of land cover changes in Hubei, Three Gorges Reservoir Area in 2003 and 2009 were found out.
Corrosion Behavior of Q235 Steel in Industrial Atmosphere of Tangshan City
Authors: Wu Bao Cai , Liu Chun Ming
Published: June 2012

With the deterioration of atmosphere pollution, the polluted atmosphere makes a great impact to steel materials. The corrosion behavior of Q235 in industrial atmosphere is investigated by weightlessness curve analysis, SEM analysis and IR analysis. The experimental results indicate that, the corrosion process of Q235 steel can be divided into three stages with the variation of the industrial atmosphere. And the sulphate ions derived from the sulfur dioxide make an important role in the steel corrosion.
Effect of Activated Time on the Properties of ZnO/AC Composites from Spent Catalysts
Authors: Jin Wen , Qu Wen Wen , Peng Jin Hui , Duan Xin Hui
Published: June 2012

After being subjected to thermal treatment by microwave, a carbon-based spent catalyst from vinyl acetate synthesis has been proved to be a good precursor for the production of ZnO/activated carbon (AC) composites. Different operating activated times were found to have effect on the properties of the composites. As the activated time rises, the surface area of the activated carbon that is acting as the catalyst support increases due to the decomposition of the organic deposits that are clogging the porous structure. XRD was used to evaluate the transformation of zinc acetate to zinc oxide after thermal treatment. Both the iodine adsorption capacity and the yield of the resulting composites were calculated and SEM-EDX analysis was used to evaluate the changes in surface morphology.
Effect of Concentration and Temperature on the Rheological Behavior of Collagen from Swimming Bladder of Grass Carp
Authors: Ren Guo Yan , Zhang Hui Yun , Guo Jin Ying , Kang Huai Bin
Published: June 2012

Type I collagen was obtained from grass carp swimming bladder. Dynamic viscoelastic properties of the collagen solutions with concentrations of 0.1–1.0% (w/w) were characterized by means of oscillatory rheometry at temperatures ranging from 20 to 50°C. All collagen solutions showed a shear-thinning flow behavior. Both storage modulus (G’) and loss modulus (G’’) increased with the increase of frequency and concentration. The experiment results also showed the viscoelastic of collagen was similar to viscous behavior of liquid (G’>G’’) in low frequency and elasticity of solid (G’<G”) in high frequency. Changes in the temperature range (20-50°C) slightly affected the rheological properties extensively including the sudden decrease of the crossover frequencies at the temperature of 30°C.
The Comparison Study of Targeting Observation for Extratropical Transition of Hurricane Fabian
Authors: Chen Hua , Zhang Xue Ting
Published: June 2012

This study compares the propagation methods of the impact of targeted observations during the extratropical transition (ET) of Hurricane Fabian in three denial experiments. In sensitive experiment, the signal (forecast difference between denial experiments and control) propagates from the tropical cyclone (TC) to the midlatitude jet through the interaction between the TC and the jet itself. Thereafter, signals propagate eastward along the jet by way of Rossby wave packets. Some differences exist between random/Atlantic and sensitive experiment although many of their signal propagation characteristics are similar. The signal in random experiment is the weakest, and that in Atlantic experiment is the strongest. In Atlantic experiment, initial signals appear not only in Fabian, but also in other regions. In some cases, signals even do not appear in Fabian. Its propagation method is similar to that in sensitive and random experiment except some signals exist at ridges occasionally. From the discussion above, we conclude that targeted observations have more positive impact than random observations, but can not replace observations taken in the whole Atlantic.
Design and Develop City Space Database Based on the Network CASE Tool
Authors: Liang Hong , Suo Zhen Feng , Han Ying
Published: June 2012

Geodatabase data model is the spatial database model of the topological structure, which can accurately describe the underground pipeline space information in city. How to use Case tool and UML to expand Geodatabase model to establish a meet the demand of underground space database of kunming drainage pipeline,through analyzing the characteristics of the structure of kunming underground pipe. It is practiced that using Case tools and UML to extend the data model, not only to graphically design the database model with the graphic, but also clearly express the relationship between the various elements, which is an ideal method that establishing the city pipeline spatial databases.
The Planning of Urban Waterfront Space Based on Waterway Governance — A Case Study of Nanfei River Waterway in Anhui Province
Authors: Yu Yi Fan , Huang Sha
Published: June 2012

In recent years, waterway governance has become an opportunity for a new round of reform to urban waterfront space. In the new historical conditions, affected by the requirements of ecological restoration of waterways and urban waterfront landscape, the improvement of the water quality, the functional transformation of waterfront space and comprehensive improvement in the shoreline environment are hold together by the guide of principles of sustainable development. Based on waterway governance, the urban waterfront space is becoming into the important meeting point of the improvement of urban environment, space and the quality of the culture. In this paper, the planning of urban waterfront based on Anhui Nanfei River waterway governance is discussed.
Landscape Pattern Evaluation for Urban Plan of Panjin New City, Liaoning Province
Authors: Guo Hai Bo , Zhang Ling Ling
Published: June 2012

The main purposes of eco-landscape pattern evaluation of Panjin New city is to exam the possibility of the plan proposal in view of ecological methods. The authors study the subject by calculating the values of 5 landscape indexes, and get the final results by three steps: First, the authors collect the original data from both plan proposal and remote sensing; second, the authors select the indexes and formulas interfered with the urban plan; third, the authors suggest to adjust the proposal on the basis of calculation result. Finally, we can draw conclusions that the majority of the proposals are feasible in spite of increasing a few improvements.
Investigation and Application of New Polyamine Salt Inhibitor
Authors: Zhang Hong Wei , Zuo Feng Jiang , Tian Ye , Jia Dong Min , Liu Yan Mei , Zhang Ya Xin , Yin Jing , Yang Xue Mei
Published: June 2012

A new kind of polyamine salt inhibitor (code name BH-JAI) with low molecular weight, was synthesized and evaluated in the lab. The tests showed that BH-JAI could suppress the hydration and dispertion of reactive claystone effectively, compatible with organic salt or KCl water drilling fluid, and could play its role of inhibition even at temperature as high as 200°C. The field tested in 5 wells suggested that the new polyamine salt could enhance the inhibition ability of drilling fluids obviously, and reduce downhole complex accidents such as sloughing and tight hole efficiently.
Study on Urban Public Facilities and Basic Design Points in Ageing Society of Mainland China: Based on an Elderly-Care Survey in Nanjing
Authors: Han Xiao , Han Zhen Yan , Chen Ji Hua
Published: June 2012

At present, the elderly people in China are bearing pressures at different levels from living conditions, public transport, social participation, social belonging, and some other aspects. Recently, a relevant elderly-care survey was done. Along with actual situation and statistics, it indicates affecting factors basically in two phases: personal factors and social factors. Then urban public facilities requirements which differ from the general can be deduced. In order to fulfill related requirements, six design points of urban public facilities are listed in consistent with synthesizing the four pivotal parts – human, product, environment, and the society, which contain public facilities-network establishment, guidance improvement, material selection and so forth.
Isolation and Identification of a New Strain Acidophilic Heterotrophic Bacteria from Stone Coal Drainage
Authors: Tan Li , Zhang Xiao Yun , Cao Tian Liang , Gai Dong Ying , Tian Xue Da
Published: June 2012

A strain of acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria named YY-2 was isolated from acid mine drainage collected in Yiyang, Hunan, China. The gram-negative-staining cells of YY-2 were straight long rod, 1.2～2.4 μm in length and 2.3～8.8 μm in diameter; the optimum temperature for growth was 25°C, the optimum initial pH for growth was 3.5, the optimal salt concentration was 7.5%, the maximum salt concentration was 18%. 16S rDNA gene analyses reveal that YY-2 belongs to Acidiphilium.
Bibliometric Analysis of Status Quo of Wetland Science in China
Authors: Wang Li Xin , Li Jian Wei , Liu Hua Min , Wang Wei , Liang Cun Zhu , Yang Jie
Published: June 2012

Currently, research on wetlands is a rapidly developing field. To understand the state of wetland science in China, we used the term “wetland” ,“marsh”, “swamp”, “bog” and “mire” as the keywords to search in the ISI Web of Knowledge and the Chinese Journals Full-Text Database and collect Chinese and English literature on wetland written by Chinese researchers. These publications were analyzed with bibliometric methods by the distribution of the publication year, the author and organization distribution, the journal distribution, the research funds, the research regions and the subjects. The results indicate that core research groups working in the field of wetland science in China have already been formed, although the distribution of research groups was scattered across many institutions and universities. Dispersion and concentration coexisted in the journal distribution of Chinese and English publications—the majority of publications were clumped in a small number of journals, while a minority was scattered in a large number of journals. In China, there are two professional journals publishing papers on wetlands, Wetland Science and Wetland Science & Management. However, it is reasonable to launch an English language wetland journal in the country to enhance communication and cooperation. Research funds for wetland science have a wide array of sources. An important portion of the papers in Chinese was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and provincial foundations, while those in English were supported either by National Natural Science Foundation of China or international funds. Field studies in wetland science were mainly conducted in the regions with great valleys. Wetland hydrology, Wetland Biogeochemical process and Wetland protection and management are the main objects of those studies. With the development of economy, many environmental and resource issues have emerged due to the excessive use and subsequent destruction of wetland areas. Thus, enforcing the protection of wetlands is becoming increasingly popular.
Reflection on the Rationality of Rural Settlements Clustering on the Background of Urban-Rural Integration
Authors: Huang Yao Zhi , Zhou Yin Bo , Chen Chao Jun
Published: June 2012

Aiming at promoting the rationalization of rural settlements clustering and protecting farming culture which is the core of rural characteristics, the current thesis analyzed the problems existing in village removal and merging, which, in a “Great Leap Forward” way, in the urbanization process, and points out the importance to maintain the characteristics of rural settlements, and proposed that the promotion of rural settlements should be base on full proof and scientific judgment, avoid artificially growth, and focus on the construction of clustering capacity. The idea not only enriches the system of the Integration of Urban-Rural, but also provides a realistic guidance for the merging villages at the current stage.
The Dynamic Fluctuation Relationship between China’s Urbanization and the Disparity of Urban-Rural Resident Living Direct Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A SVAR Analysis
Authors: Liu Yaqin , Zhao Guo Hao
Published: June 2012

Currently, continuous China’s urbanization will emit considerable carbon dioxide emissions, so that China is facing mounting pressure from not only the international community but also domestic itself. This paper applies SVAR model to evaluate the dynamic fluctuation relationship between China’s urbanization and the disparity of urban-rural resident living direct carbon dioxide emissions. The result indicates that the urbanization has an obvious positive effect on the difference of resident living direct carbon dioxide emissions from urban and rural in the short term and it has negative impact in the long term. Moreover, the impact of urban-rural resident living direct carbon dioxide emissions disparity on the urbanization has a negative effect in the short term, gradually turns into a positive, and finally stabilizes zero level. Based on the above conclusions, the government should provide corresponding policy implications for China's carbon emission reduction.
The Research on the Comparison of Geographic Distribution of FDI in BRIC
Authors: Chen Jian Xun , Luo Yan
Published: June 2012

Geographical distribution of FDI is a significantly basic issue. As different countries and investment environment can influence FDI performance to a large extent. Since BRIC countries have special features, historical endowments and strategic goals, based on which the multinational corporation make different choices on entering host countries. This project analyzed the geographical distribution of BRIC multinational corporations and tried to find out the underlying reasons, concluding that not only historical and cultural factors influenced the geographical distribution, but also the comparative advantages of the home countries.
Response of Nostoc flagelliforme cell to Hyperthermia Stress
Authors: Guo Jin Ying , Shi Ming Ke , Ren Guo Yan , Yin Yong , Jia Shi Ru
Published: June 2012

The effects of hyperthermia stress was studied in a terrestrial, drought-tolerant alga, Nostoc flagelliforme. The BG11 culture medium were used to culture Nostoc flagelliforme cell at different temperature conditions: 25°C, 35°C,45°Cand 55°C. The physiological and biochemical character of Nostoc flagelliforme cell, such as electrolyte leakage, the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), the content of malondialdehyde(MDA), proline(Pro), soluble protein and trehalose were tested after 8h, 12h, 16h and 24h treatment under 40μmol/m2/s. The results showed that: electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde contents in Nostoc flagelliforme cell were higher under high temperature stress than those in the control group during high temperature stress. In the meanwhile SOD activity increased slightly under the high temperature stress, but were lower afterwards. The contents of Pro, soluble protein and trehalose increased under the moderately high-temperature stress, while declined under extremely high-temperature(55°C) stress.Therefore, it is proposed that the Nostoc flagelliforme cell had a certain extent resistance ability to the high-temperature, the osmotic adjustment function was stimulated, and the SOD activity was improved under certain high-temperature stress, but the Nostoc flagelliforme cell were damaged badly under extremely high-temperature(55°C) stress.
Study on the Corrosion Behaviors of MAO Coated on TC4 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Xi Jian Jun , Zhao Jun
Published: June 2012

This paper provides the method of calculating the film pore area and comparing the density of the looser and compact layer by AC impedance, then to compare the corrosion resistance of the film by comparing the pore area and the dielectric constant. The resistance of the film decreases fellow the soaking time extending, the capacitance of the loose and compact layer increases with the soaking time extending. The capacitance of the compact layer is smaller than that of the loose layer.
Effects of Heavy Metals (Copper, Lead, Zinc) Stress on Absorption and Accumulation Characteristics of Sedum aizoon L.
Authors: Zhou Xiao Hui , Yuan Hong Yan , Yang Yan , Wang Bo , Lu Xiao Ping
Published: June 2012

By using artificial water culture, transportation and accumulation of Sedum aizoon L. under heavy metals (copper, lead, zinc) stress were studied .The result showed that aizoon had a certain ability of accumulating heavy metals. When Cu2+ concentration was more than 40umol/L, the enrichment of copper ability had reached to the level of hyperaccumulation plants did. Besides, when Pb2+ concentration was more than 60umol/L, the aboveground part saturated; while when Pb2+ concentration was about 730 mg/kg, the underground part Pb2+ enrichment was increasing to the extent of Pb2+ concentration was 9600-16000 mg/kg. It will provide a new kind of material for phytoremediation applied in polluted environment.
A Simple and Nontoxic Ink and Acetic Acid Staining Technique for Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Structures
Authors: Wu Qiang Sheng , Cao Ming Qin , Zou Ying Ning
Published: June 2012

Trypan blue is generally used to stain mycorrhizal hyphae, but trypan blue is also possible carcinogenic to humans. The present research conducted to develop a simple and nontoxic mycorrhizal staining technique with red, blue and black inks and acetic acid solution combined with different staining times in roots of Prunus salicina grafted on Amygdalus persica. After cleared with 10% KOH and acidified with 0.2 M HCl, the root segments were stained with 0.05% trypan blue or 5% ink-acetic acid solution. We found that root mycorrhizal colonization was no significantly different between 0.05% tryblune staining for 5 min and 5% blue ink-acetic acid staining for 3-8 min, and mycorrhizal colonization stained with other red and black inks-acetic acid solutions was significantly lower than those with 0.05% trypan blue. In addition, using 5% blue ink-acetic acid staining for 3-5 min could exhibit better contrast and clearly visible intraradical and extraradical hyphae, vesicles and arbuscules. It suggests that a simple and safe technique for staining arbuscular mycorrhizal structures with 5% blue ink-acetic acid solution for 3–5 min could potentially substitute trypan blue staining and exhibit good contrast and visible mycorrhizal structures.
Comprehensive Utilization of Fly Ash
Authors: Yan Wei , Feng You Li , Yu Ming Gao , Chao Yu Hong
Published: June 2012

This article has discussed the application of fly ash in the building materials, engineering, farm and industry aspects in detail. At last, it has analyzed the future of application.
Investigation of Photocatalytic Oxidative-Extraction Desulfurization of Simulation Gasoline
Authors: Qiang Xiao Dan , Fu Feng , Wang Dan Jun , Guo Li
Published: June 2012

Photocatalytic Oxidative-Extraction Desulfurization (Photo-cat-EODS) of thiophene, the main sulfur-containing compound of catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline, has been investigated in heterogeneous photocatalysis process using WO3/ZnO composite as photocatalyst and air was used as the oxidant. Extraction process was also employ followed by the photocatalytic oxidative process to remove the oxidative products using acetonitrile as the extractant. Furthermore, orthogonal experiments method was used to optimize the processing parameters.
Nonstoichiometric Zinc Oxide Nanorod Arrays Doped Co or Ni as Effective Antimicrobial Materials
Authors: Chen Chang Yun , Chen Quan Zhan , Shi Mei , Zhou Feng , Hua Chun , Pang Huan
Published: June 2012

Nonstoichiometric Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays doped Co or Ni can be easily obtained by calicining soaked ZnO nanorod arrays. More importantly, the nonstoichiometric doped ZnO nanoarrays have more effective antimicrobial than pure ZnO nanoarrays, which means we can obtain a kind of promising new effective functional nanomaterials.
Removal of Fluoride on Chitosan Coated Alumina (CAL) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Tang Xuan Lin , Zhang Huan Zhen , Zhao Shuang , Gong Shu Fen
Published: June 2012

CAL beads were made by dropping wise mixture of chitosan and alumina into NaOH solution. Effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and pH on fluoride removal were carried out by batch experiments. Results show that adsorption rate was relatively rapid in the first 6 h, thereafter distinctly decreased until adsorption reached the equilibrium within 48 h, at this time, adsorption capacity was up to 0.67 mg/g, which was much higher than raw chitosan (0.052 mg/g). Fluoride removal increased significantly with an increase of adsorbent dosage, however, it rose slowly when the adsorbent dosage was above 16 g/L. Adsorption capacity reduced from 0.75 mg/g to 0.64mg/g when solution pH rose from 4 to 7, nevertheless, adsorption was relatively independent on solution pH between 7 and 10.
Study on Degradable Polyurethane Foams with Mixed PEG/PCL and PLA/PCL Soft Segments
Authors: Wang Jian Hua , Liang Shuen , Tian Chun Rong , Zhao Xiu Li , Lin Xiao Yan
Published: June 2012

Through inclusion of different polymer chains with different properties into polyurethane matrix, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), or poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMG), degradable polyurethane foams (PUFs) with different molecular structure were prepared. Influences of molecular structure on PUF materials’ performance were studied systematically. When PEG, PCL, PLA, and PTMG serve as soft segment, PUFs’ storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of PUFs decrease with following order: PLA>PCL>PEG>PTMG (flexibility of PUFs varies oppositely). And degradability decreases according to following order: PEG>PLA>PCL>PTMG. With increasing content of PEG or PLA chains in PU matrix, mechanical performance of PUFs decrease gradually, but remains on the same order with conventional non-degradable PUFs. Through control on the contents of different kinds of polymer chains in soft segments of PUFs, fairly good degradability can be achieved, at whilst their basic mechanical performance is well guaranteed.
Room Temperature Cellulase Used for Washing of Denim Garments
Authors: Yao Ji Ming , Wei Sai Nan
Published: June 2012

Room-temp. Cellulase CS was used to enzymatic washing on denim garments at 20°Cand 35°C, and Novoprime 838 from Novozymes was employed at 55°C in case to evaluate their performance. Through analysis of activities of enzymes, it is indicated that CS has a relatively broad and steady action temperature range between 20～35°C. Similar mechanical and physical properties of washed garments were achieved by using CS under room temperature conditions and using Novoprime 838 at 55°C. No heating needed during enzymatic washing by using CS.
Study on Smoke-Proof Measures of Elevator Evacuation during High-Rise Building Fire
Authors: Liu Jian Min
Published: June 2012

Elevator evacuation of high-rise building fire has become an urgent problem. Based on the problems of general elevator evacuation, this paper offers some measures of smoke-proof measures, such as setting up pressure ventilation in elevator car, setting up pressure ventilation in elevator shaft, setting elevator antechamber and setting smoke preventing air curtain etc. This paper provides some practical ways of elevator evacuation on high-rise building fire.
The Evaluation of Water Security: Research Methods of Water Resources Carrying Capacity
Authors: Li Ke , Qi Jing Yao , Wang Jian Hui , Lu Hai , Zhao Zhi Jie
Published: June 2012

With the growth of population, water security has become the worldwide problem combined with severe environment pollution, quick economic development and irrational water allocation. Based on sustainable development, Water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) driven from physics originally has been proposed to solve it. The measurement of WRCC can tell decision-makers that how much population the water resource can feed, what degree water resources can support the economic and so on. Because the decision-makers can make adaptive decisions based on the correct evaluation of WRCC, the ways of the assessment of WRCC are very important. This paper focuses on how to measure WRCC by selecting three typical methods, fuzzy model of comprehensive evaluation, multiple criteria analysis (MCA) and system dynamics (SD) methods. The characteristics of these methods are good at solving the multi-objective and complicated problem in common which is the trait of WRCC. The differences of them are the specific process of analysis and evaluation.
Determination of Nutrients and Trace Metal Elements of Koumiss in West Wuzhumuqin in Xilinguole in Inner Mongolia and the Analysis of Environmental Influence Factor
Authors: Liu Jing Jun , Liu Ying
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the nutrients and trace metal elements of koumiss which brewed by the herdsmen in West Wuzhumuqin (Xiwuqi) in Xilinguole in Inner Mongolia of China were determined. The results showed that there were many nutritional components such as proteins, fat, lactose, ash, vitamins and amino acids in koumiss. For example, the amino acids content of koumiss was 2.194%, higher than that of fresh mare’s milk (1.483%). The measurement of trace metal elements indicated that the koumiss riches in essential and non-essential trace metal elements, the concentrations of essential trace metal elements including human body such as Zn, Cu, V, Cr, Ni, Co, Mo reached 2415.000, 139.000, 126.000, 98.600, 43.400, 4.220 and 2.530μg/g, respectively. In addition, there were some useful trace elements as Sr, Rb, Ba, Li and 12 kinds of rare-earth elements. But the Pb, which is a non-essential metal element, reached a higher level of 5.580μg/g, and was 110 times than the limit value of food safety standards of China. Preliminary analysis indicated that the koumiss in Xiwuqi is a good acid beverage with high nutritional value and health effects. The trace contents of rare-earth elements, which may come from the feed addictives, were beneficial for people’s health. Excessive concentration of Pb may come from the contaminations of non-ferrous metal metallurgy and automobile exhaust in the locality.
Potential Health Risk of Arsenic in Groundwater near Tongyu County, Western of Jilin Province: A Case Study for Health Risk Assessment Based on Triangular Fuzzy Number
Authors: Zhao Juan , Wang Rui , Bian Jian Min , Zhao Yang
Published: June 2012

Based on the fuzzy uncertainty of assessment system, the fuzzy mathematics theory was applied to denote the groundwater health risk. On the basis of defining the parameters as triangular fuzzy numbers, uncertain models with triangular fuzzy parameters were established. As a case study, the fuzzy model was applied to evaluate the health risk of arsenic in groundwater in Tongyu County, Jilin Province. According to these calculations, interval values of health risk of arsenic under different confidence levels were obtained. The calculated results indicated that interval values of health risk of arsenic in phreatic water, confined water in Quaternary and Tertiary were equal to 2.43×10-5～105.74×10-5a-1, 3.45×10-5～98.444×10-5a-1 and 2.01×10-5～117.41×10-5a-1, and the most probable values were 23.72×10-5a-1, 63.53×10-5a-1 and 34.39×10-5a-1respectively. The assessment results showed groundwater in study area had great health risks and the fuzzy models more scientifically reveal the health risks state of hazardous substances in groundwater than the traditional ones.
Kinetic Studies on the Regeneration of Modified Semi-Coke Supported (Fe, Zn, Ce) Desulfurization Sorbent
Authors: Mi Jie , Shang Su Li , Yu Meng
Published: June 2012

In this manuscript, the effects of the regeneration temperature and oxygen concentration on the regeneration behavior of modified semi-coke supported (Fe, Zn, Ce) sorbent were investigated using a fixed bed reactor and a thermogravimetric analyzer. Sulfate formed through side reactions was inferred from TGA curves and it can be reduced by increasing the regeneration temperature. The reasonable regeneration conditions must avoid the sulfate formation. Regeneration kinetic studies were also performed at regeneration temperatures ranging from 500°C to 700°C. The results show that the regeneration rate can be improved by increasing the oxygen concentration and regeneration temperature. The reaction order of regeneration with respect to O2 can reasonably be assumed to be first-order. The kinetic model tests show that the shrinking core model can be used to correlate with the experimental data. The regeneration is controlled by the chemical reaction in the early stage of reaction (x＜80%) and by the diffusion through the product layer at the latter stage (x>85%). According to the model, the apparent activation energy of chemical reaction and the corresponding frequency factor are 16.66kJ/mol and 0.132m/s, respectively, and the diffusion activation energy and the corresponding frequency factor are 52.91kJ/mol and 6.63×10-5m2/s, respectively.
Recovery of Nickel and Iron from Lixivium of Nickel Laterite Ores
Authors: Cao Zhan Fang , Zhong Hong , Liu Guang Yi , Wang Shuai
Published: June 2012

The joint technics on sodium jarosite process and solvent extraction technique for lixivium of nickel laterite ores has been investigated. The results indicate that a Fe2O3 product with Fe grade of 58.12% could be obtained by precipitation separation and roasting, the total recovery of iron reaches 94.87%.Under the conditions of extracting temperature for 30°C, phase ratio 1:1, blance time 10min, pH = 5.5, the percentage extraction rate of Ni reaches 99.04%. When the 3 mol/L H2SO4 solution was used as stripping agent, the stripping rate of Ni reaches 97.52%. The total recovery of nickel reaches 94.56%.
Research and Application of Diatomite Laminar Film Separation Control System
Authors: Yang Xiao Ping , Sun Zhi Ming , Zheng Shui Lin
Published: June 2012

Low-grade diatomite earth, such as the tailings generated in the diatomite mining process, can be purified through the laminar film separation process. The paper presents an investigation of the control system of diatomite laminar film separation process, and the control system has been applied in the pilot experiment. The pilot experiment results show that the diatomite and impurities have been effectively separated under the laminar film separation control system, which laid the foundation for the continuous, efficient and automatic industrial production.
Research on Jinchuan Mineral Processing Plant by Flotation Column
Authors: Lu Yang , Cao Xin Xin
Published: June 2012

In this paper processing mineralogy analysis was carried on the secondary crude ore of which the characteristic of the separating was analyzed. Tests were carried on the crude ore, which is of the secondary grinding of the rich ore manufacture system of Jinchuan mineral processing plant, by using Cyclonic-static Micro-bubble Column Flotation. The result of the tests had proved that Cyclonic-Static Micro-bubble Columns Flotation is expert at recoverying the fine ores, and middling-regrinding is a feasible kind of method to improving the recovery.
The Performance of Regeneration for Modified Semi-Coke Supported (Fe, Zn, ce) Sorbents
Authors: Mi Jie , Yu Meng , Shang Su Li
Published: June 2012

In this study, the regeneration behavior of modified semi-coke supported (Fe, Zn, Ce) sorbents were investigated using a fixed bed reactor. The effects of the regeneration temperature, space velocity and oxygen concentration have been considered in order to obtain suitable regeneration conditions. The most suitable regeneration conditions were obtained including 650°C regeneration temperature, 4vol.% of oxygen content and 4000h-1 of space velocity. Typical properties of the sorbents before and after regeneration were characterized using XRD and BET methods. Then the sorbents were tested 3 cycle experiments of desulfurization and regeneration for the purpose of duration test. The breakthrough curves changed slightly and the sulfur capacity only decreased 14.2%, it proved that the sorbents had good regenerability, which implied that the sorbents could be used for hot gas desulfurization.
Development on Inverter Control System of Smart Pumping Unit Based on Self-Learning Feature
Authors: Ma Ju Lian , Zhou Hao Bin , Xu Xiang Qian
Published: June 2012

For the enormous potential of beam pumping unit’s energy saving, the frequency energy-saving control system of smart pumping unit with the function of self-learning has been developed on the basis of advanced technology and methods both in the domestic and abroad. The application of frequency converter not only has solved the impact problem at startup, but also improved the power factor significantly. For the solution to the shortage of oil wells, the system is to sample the parameters of Motor unit continuously under the conditions of relatively original and the conditions of normal working. The working liquid level as object to be controlled, the system is to adjust the liquid withdrawal rate to be sure the ability to match with the fluid through VVVF, and then a better energy-saving effect be obtained. The application of practical operation shows that the system can run efficiently and realize energy saving of the pumping.
Parametric Study of Channeling Flow in Low Permeability Reservoir with Mudstone Interlayer
Authors: Liu Jian Jun , Li Quan Shu , Pei Gui Hong
Published: June 2012

Channeling flow frequently occurs during the high pressure water injection of low permeability reservoir. The injection process is complex and covers so many parameters of which the contribution to channeling flow is necessarily to be studied. In this paper, numerical simulation is combined with sensitivity analysis method to calculate the significance of the weight of parameters to the channeling flow. First the values of different parameters are produced by using Latin hypercube method; second, by using these parameters, finite element model have been established and simulated, and the quantity of channeling flow has been calculated; then Spearman rank relation is applied to measure the relation of parameters and channeling flow. The results states that, in 10 years continuous injection, the well spacing and injection pressure have significant impact on the channeling flow. This states that during the application of high pressure water injection, the pressure and well spacing should be controlled especially.
Research the Degree Damage of Reverse Imbibitions to Low Permeability Water Flooding Gas Reservoir
Authors: Huang Xiao Liang , Qi Zhi Lin , Lei Deng Sheng , Li Zhi Jun
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Low permeability water-flooding gas reservoir easy to cause the well bottom effusion in the middle of development,Effusion was often can't take out.Then with the function of capillary forces，the effusion will be absorbed in pore of rocks around the bottom well,and the Porous Medium part was block, The gas phase circulation pore canal becomes small,finally gas-phase effective permeability will be influence in the rocks,reduced pore channel permeability,made the productivity decline。The paper,the base of special experiment,analysis relation between the rate of damage about core permeability and imbibitions water saturation,and Introducing the correlation coefficient to the capacity formula of reverse imbibitions gas reservoir ,then get the capacity formula of the water flooding gas reservoir for realize the similar gas reservoir reverse imbibitions damage degree provides the basis.
Influence Factor Research of Artificial-Interlayer Shape in Bottom-Water Heavy Oil Reservoir
Authors: Wang Fu Lin
Published: June 2012

Artificial barrier morphology distribution mechanism and the EOR factors of he heavy oil reservoir with bottom water is be researched, Through numerical calculation and numerical simulation method. The model for calculating the height of the artificial-interlayer with curvilinear side surface is established. This model quantitatively describes the relationship between the artificial-interlayer height and oil yield, reservoir thickness, radial distance from well axis, reservoir permeability and crude oil viscosity. Maximum artificial-interlayer height and radius, the artificial-interlayer heights at different radial distances can be obtained according to this model. Through the case, the characteristics of artificial-interlayer form are analyzed, and rules of artificial-interlayer conformation are obtained when artificial-interlayer liquid with different volume, viscosity and race are injected. The further research are carried out through numerical simulation method, and the theoretical results are be Compared and verified which deepen the study of artificial-interlayer shape influence factor . Results show that: the volume and position of injected gel have more influence on development effect is obviously, the interlayer is designed 3M over the oil-water interface and thickness perforated is 6m is better, which provides a reference for the development of bottom-water reservoir.
Study on the Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation for Pumping Units in Low Permeability Oilfield
Authors: Wei Hang Xin , Tong Yu Bin , Wu Sha Sha , Wu Wei , Xu Jian Ning
Published: June 2012

In order to decrease the purchasing cost of pumping units and select the proper type of pumping units, the synthetic evaluation for pumping units based on fuzzy theory is studied. Firstly, the primary evaluation index and secondary evaluation index are built according to the oil and gas industry standard, and absolute comparison and relative comparison are also introduced. Then, the fuzzy weight factors of each evaluation index are determined and the fuzzy matrix operation for pumping units is made. Finally, the evaluation example for three pumping units is done to verify the correction and rationality of the method in this paper.
Preliminary Discussion on the Source Identification of Oil Spills Based on the Nitrogen Isotopic Characteristics
Authors: Zhao Ming Ming , Wang Chuan Yuan , Sun Zhi Gao , Lv Ying Chun
Published: June 2012

Oil spill; Source identification; δ15N; Nitrogen isotope proﬁle; biodegradation Abstract. A preliminary evaluation of nitrogen isotope analysis as a novel, alternative method for identifying spilled oils is presented. The nitrogen isotopic compositions of crude oil from different oilfields in China may be significantly different, which provides a way of screening possible sources for spilled oil of unknown origin, especially in areas of heavy tanker traffic carrying oils from different geographical regions. The value of δ15N increases gradually with the degree of biodegradation. This findings can be applied for correlation and differentiation of spilled oils at their lightly to moderately weathered stages.
A Fuzzy Method to Judge Water Passages with Ineffective Injection-Production for Heterogeneous Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Sun Peng Xiao
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the indexes have been determined for identifying ineffective injection production circulation and corresponding mathematical model was constructed with fuzzy theory. Application examples show that this method is simple, fast and accurate. For high and superhigh water cut oilfields, because of the long-term erosion of injected water, there are some high penetrative channels between the injection and production wells, resulting in most injected water along the channel to cause the invalid injection and production, for which it is hard to increase water flooding swept volume, causing flooding and high water cut well and reducing oil production. To improve the effectiveness of water injection to achieve stable yields, it is important to take the measures of ineffective injection-production wells profile control, plugging and so on for fast and accurate identifying ineffective injection-production wells. To that end, this paper applied fuzzy theory to establishing the mathematical model for identifying ineffective injection-production wells.
A New Model for Predicting Productivity and Application for Fractured Horizontal Wells
Authors: Zhao Zhi Hong , Guo Jian Chun , Zeng Fan Hui
Published: June 2012

Due to the differences of stress and physical property in the pay zone, the fractured horizontal well may be different in length and azimuth angle. Furthermore, because of the mutual disturbance among fractures, the accurate prediction of production of fractured horizontal wells become more complicated. This paper presents a new model to predict the production of the fractured horizontal wells by considering the effects of fracture number, fracture length, fracture interval, fracture symmetry, azimuth angle and conductivity. Compared with the numerical simulation, this model needs less parameter and calculating time, and is easy to be applied to the designs of segmentation fracturing in horizontal wells. The model in this paper has been applied to the optimizing designs of hydraulic fracturing for two horizontal wells in North China oilfield and the predicted results agree with the actual production well.
Comparison and Selection of the Natural Gas Pipeline Crossing Yangtze River Schemes in Jangling
Authors: Su Zhan Dong , Nie Lei , Zhao Chuan Hai
Published: June 2012

In the light of the characteristics of the project across the Yangtze River from Jangling through large distance and the crossing section’s less construction experience, a detailed survey had beencarried out ,by comparison of survey data analysis , this paper forecasts the program may emerge some specific engineering geological problems and finally gives the appropriate construction program.