bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe phenylephrine-associated hemorrhage in five aged horses
Authors: Frederick Jeremy , Giguère Steeve , Butterworth Kelly , Pellegrini-Masini Alessandra , Casas-Dolz Raul , Turpin Meg Miller
Published: October 2010

Case Description—5 aged (≥ 17 years old) horses developed life-threatening Internal hemorrhage following IV administration of phenylephrine at 3 hospitals.

Clinical Findings—All 5 horses developed severe hemothorax, hemoabdomen, or both within minutes to hours following administration of phenylephrine.

Treatment and Outcome—Four of 5 horses died of hemorrhagic shock, and 1 horse survived with a blood transfusion. The exact source of hemorrhage was Identified In only 1 horse. Medical records of all horses with nephrosplenic entrapment of the large colon and treated with phenylephrine at the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center between 2000 and 2008 (n = 74) were reviewed. Three of these 74 (4%) horses developed fatal hemorrhage (horses 1 through 3 of this report). The risk of developing phenylephrine-associated hemorrhage was 64 times as high (95% confidence interval, 3.7 to 1,116) in horses ≥ 15 years old than in horses < 15 years old.

Clinical Relevance—The potential risks versus benefits of phenylephrine administration should be evaluated carefully, especially In old horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:830–834)
Transition-Based Techniques for Non-Projective Dependency Parsing
Authors: Kuhlmann Marco , Nivre Joakim
Published: October 2010

We present an empirical evaluation of three methods for the treatment of non-projective structures in transition-based dependency parsing: pseudo-projective parsing, non-adjacent arc transitions, and online reordering. We compare both the theoretical coverage and the empirical performance of these methods using data from Czech, English and German. The results show that although online reordering is the only method with complete theoretical coverage, all three techniques exhibit high precision but somewhat lower recall on non-projective dependencies and can all improve overall parsing accuracy provided that non-projective dependencies are frequent enough. We also find that the use of non-adjacent arc transitions may lead to a drop in accuracy on projective dependencies in the presence of long-distance non-projective dependencies, an effect that is not found for the two other techniques.
Audience Research as a Scheduling Tool
Authors: Souchon Michel
Published: October 2010

Summary: In France there is an unfortunate gap between academic research into television and industry-based studies carried out in the research departments of television companies. Among university academics, 'audience researchers' have had a bad press. It is assumed that they are biased in favour of a programme scheduling policy aimed at a mass audience and subject to the 'dictatorship of the ratings' and are thus inimical to all creators and innovators. Audience researchers are thought to personify subservient research. I would like to demonstrate that this profession is both more subtle and more widely useful than is generally known. I will try to show: that it helps clarify the complex nature of the television audience; that it promotes a better understanding of the behaviour of television viewers; that the knowledge it provides is indispensable for those who decide television scheduling policy: and that this information is particularly important in any consideration of the mission of the public sector channels).
Accounting for viewing styles. Viewers' negotiation with TV as a cultural offering
Authors: Boullier Dominique
Published: October 2010

Summary: This article, based on observations from interviews, focuses on viewer/television relationships in the making, rather than on existing ones or on televiewers as such. These relationships represent the different forms of negotiation with television as a cultural offering. Taking as his departure point television's lack of legitimacy, expressed by most viewers in the form of a denial, the author defines four styles of relationship. These are represented as combinations of the poles of two opposite axes - those of social negotiation and of emotional investment. He concludes with a
Uncertain Development - Diffusion of the Telephone in France before 1914
Authors: Carré Patrice A.
Published: October 2010

Summary: Our knowledge of the early history of the telephone has been enriched by research carried out during the seventies by Yves Stourdzé. Since then various monographs, of which a synthesis is presented here, have enabled us to trace a geography of this technical development and of the birth of the concept of networks. Did the emergence and development of new uses of the telephone follow a model which was specifically French? What was the role played by public authorities and by eminent members of society? A more global answer to questions such as these is being provided by renewed research on the subject.
Shaping the European Advertising Scene. Commercial free speech in search of legitimacy
Authors: Mattelart Armand , Palmer Michael
Published: October 2010

Summary: Ever since American advertisers first banded together early this century to deflect criticism with a code of conduct based on 'truth' and fair competition, the industry has been seeking legitimacy by creating first national, then multinational and finally worldwide associations to defend its activities and influence the environment in which it operates. Now marketing standards have penetrated widely diverse fields of activity and the economy as a whole. The forces underlying the new, pervasive advertising are helping to transform an area of culture which is already transcending national boundaries.
The Global Programme. The creation of a unique TV programme by means of 'zapping'
Authors: Bertrand Gisèle , Mercier Pierre-Alain , De Gournay Chantal
Published: October 2010

Summary: Results of preliminary research on hard-core television 'zappers' (viewers who frequently change channels with the remote control) are discussed and analysed. The idea of a 'global programme' is presented and discussed; the zapper produces a unique programe by piecing together bits of all the available programmes at any given moment (all available programmes together form the 'global programme' - ever accessible though only seen a fragment at a time). The reasons for consuming television in this way, and the value of such 'communication' by modern standards, are examined.
Opinion: The economy of likelihood. An introduction to a praxeological approach to public opinion
Authors: Quéré Louis
Published: October 2010

Summary: Sociology misses the point when it discusses public opinion, for three reasons: it reduces a notion with an important normative role to the status of a descriptive category; it reifies the distinction between facts and opinions; and it ignores its own role in shaping that same socially constructed objectivity by which it measures opinion. This article outlines a new approach to the formation of opinions as a dynamic, normative activity dependent on an internal relationship between personal views and a representative and discursive general opinion, with its objectivization rooted in realities made mutually manifest in everyday discussions and actions.
Communication and resistance. The instrumental role of Western radio stations in opening up Eastern Europe
Authors: Sémelin Jacques
Published: October 2010

Summary: Throughout the Cold War two types of radio stations broadcast to the Communist countries: 'sovereign' radio (e.g. BBC, RFI) and 'substitute' radio (e.g. Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty). They developed, from the same sources of information, two distinct styles of production and relations with listeners. These radio stations were both a political instrument and a cultural vector, a link with the West and a medium for local communications, until broadcasting finally gained its freedom through political change.
Telecommunications and competitiveness
Authors: Rallet Alain
Published: October 2010

Summary: When the relationship between the development of corporate telecommunications and competitiveness is considered, a number of terminological ambiguities should first be clarified. Three situations can then be defined and examined, according to whether telecommunications are considered as having a neutral, passive, or active role. The capacities of each firm, the nature of the industry and the state of competition all determine a wide variety of uses for information and communication technologies.
New communications services. Design and development - the case of electronic mail
Authors: Benghozi Pierre-Jean
Published: October 2010

Summary: Telecommunications are undergoing significant technical, regulatory and economic transformations which in turn modify the outlook for firms in the sector.
Pre-1989 East-West Video - Entertainment Without Borders
Authors: Mattelart Tristan
Published: October 2010

Summary: In pre-1989 Eastern Europe, the vidéocassette recorder presented a threat to the ideological homogeneity of the party-state. The spread of video was society's response to this hegemony of the party, and above all it provided access to the western way of life through the consumption of the forbidden fruit of entertainment. Disconcerted by this medium, the authorities wondered how they could exploit it without favouring the 'class enemy'. The black market was to solve the dilemma first, as audiences - ignored in the Soviet conception of international communication - asserted their rights.
Journalists and Intellectuals: a New Cultural Configuration?
Authors: Rieffel Rémy
Published: October 2010

Summary: Over the past decade or so, the idea has prevailed in France that intellectuals have been dispossessed of their influence by a certain type of journalist. Recent developments in the relationship between these two social forces can he traced by means of concepts of media configuration and cultural configuration, borrowed from the work of Norbert Elias. In fact, the identity crisis from which journalists are suffering and the re-drawing of boundaries in the realm of communications show that the very definition of a journalist is becoming increasingly problematical in the face of competition from 'communicators'. At the same time, the disappearance of the 'prophetic intellectual' and the realignments of affiliation in scholarly circles go some way to explain the intellectuals' loss of prestige. Hence a new cultural configuration is emerging, shaped by a different balance of forces, in which journalists do indeed seem to have become the functional equivalents of intellectuals.
The Internet and the Meltdown of Audiotext and Videotext in Europe
Authors: Bouwman H. , Christoffersen Mads
Published: October 2010

Summary: The essential theme addressed here is the relevance and future ofvideotext and audiotext faced with the development of the Internet and broadband network applications. Issues such as user-friendliness, consumption, tariffing and contents regulation are considered as decisive factors in the survival of these technologies. The Internet has clearly led to the meltdown ofvideotext; the authors suggest that audiotext, despite being better equipped to survive, might well go the same way.
The History of Art - Lessons in Mediation
Authors: Hennion Antoine
Published: October 2010

Summary: The relevance of mediation in social science is that it questions the relationship between principles of collective action and the role of objects. The example of art history shows how an analysis can focus on the opacity of mediators, without making them the vehicles of an all-embracing cause, or the instruments of goals or of external reasons. The restitution of necessary intermediaries of art, initiated by social history as a critical denunciation of the relationship between aesthetic subjects and objects, or of the scholarly accumulation by art history, has converged towards the idea of a collective production of the world of art by its actors. The analysis of mediation must therefore consider the same aspects ,from individuals and institutions to frameworks of perception, through material elements and even the finest details of works of art and their production. It is thus able to close the gap that has so destructively separated social analyses of the conditions of art front aesthetic or semiotic analyses of the 'works in themselves'.
Between censorship and commercialization. Structural changes in the public sphere in Eastern Europe
Authors: Becker Jörg
Published: October 2010

Summary: To be able to determine adequately what the public sphere in Eastern Europe might be in the wake of 1989 the internal social structures which give any privatized and global media landscape its specific form have to be examined. In Eastern Europe, this specific form has seven characteristics: 1. An accelerated process of social impoverishment widens the gap between the 'information rich' and the 'information poor'; 2. A new-old type of state class emerges with an authoritarian concept of the public sphere; 3. As a result of making a taboo of history, there is a denial, rather than a public acceptance of failure; 4. The public sphere is merely a spurious entity, often brutal and violent; 5. For capital-intensive mass media and information technologies, small local markets are insignificant, so there is a neglect of so-called local content; 6. The influence of foreign media capital blocks the creation of local media industries and promotes cultural heterogeneity; 7. In the absence of the former enemy images and the accompanying hostility towards 'the powers that be', the once prevalent 'we' -feeling of solidarity is replaced by an 'I' -feeling of concern for one's own advantage at the expense of the well-being of others. In summary ,the structural changes in the public sphere in Eastern Europe will produce a society located somewhere between censorship and commercialization, with this 'between' being difficult to define more precisely, as no historical precedents exist for the systemic collapse in Eastern Europe.
Notes on the struggle to define involvement in television viewing
Authors: Liebes Tamar
Published: October 2010

Summary: This article offers a way of categorising viewers' involvement in Television by type of response, with particular reference to popular soap operas. It postulates four types of viewer engagement, each capable of further elaboration and of co-existing within the same person. The author also explores the ambivalence of viewer engagement and the relative effectiveness of its positive and negative aspects.
'Dear Hélène'. Social use of college series
Authors: Pasquier Dominique
Published: October 2010

Summary: The television sitcom 'Hélène et les garçons' engendered a social phenomenon in France in the early nineties. Drawing on a questionnaire, interviews, observations and an analysis of fan mail, the author shows how the programme (a soap opera about college life) served as a medium for the definition of gender identity among pre-adolescents and adolescents. Reception of the series is characterized by a dual logic of intimate appropriation - based on emotional links with the characters - and collective negotiation of identities - based on interaction within peer groups and the family.
Transmitting Reception. How political television programmes anticipate audience reaction
Authors: Le Grignou Brigitte , Neveu Erik
Published: October 2010

Summary: French national television channels in the 1980s felt they had to put out political programmes in mid-evening for reasons of prestige and because politicians wanted their opinions aired in time to catch the first editions of the daily papers. Unfortunately, most viewers were not interested in the clichéd studio format, which led programme makers to inject a note of showbusiness into their offerings. The authors show how one pioneering programme. Questions à domicile, tried to cater to a target audience by interviewing politicians in their homes, and explain why it failed.
Challenging the public service model in European telecommunications. Politics in sectorial regulation
Authors: Brenac Edith
Published: October 2010

Summary: The redefinition of national models for regulating the telecommunications sector, under way since the 1980s, has been characterized by sharp differences in processes and forms - despite significant convergence on a number of points. An understanding of these differences requires an analysis of the dual process of deconstruction of the traditional public service model, and social reconstruction of a new model. Such analysis reveals, behind the apparent similarities of institutional systems based on a public service monopoly, the true diversity in the conception and implementation of this model. It also becomes clear that the insertion ofsectorial problematics in a social debate and political game (of which the rules and content are marked by cultures, political and economic histories and singular contexts), informs the renegotiation and terms of a compromise. The comparative approach adopted here enables us to grasp the significance of political issues and specific forms of political regulation peculiar to each country, in the definition of institutional conditions and in the different paths ofsectorial regulation.
Games and players in the electronic age. Tools for analysing the use of video games by adults and children
Authors: Lafrance Jean-Paul
Published: October 2010

Summary: This paper outlines the history of video games, from the Atari generation through Nintendo and Sega to interactive multimedia and hyper-reality. After considering a number of methodological questions, it suggests three different approaches for analysing the habits and behaviour of young players. It then discusses the new generation of adult games and the networks of virtual communities they have spawned on the Internet. The conclusion considers the influence of media games on other sectors of the culture industry.
Waiting for the nomads. Mobile telephony and social change
Authors: De Gournay Chantal
Published: October 2010

Summary: The rapid development of mobile communication points to an overall change in society towards a more nomadic lifestyle. Apart from the technological aspect, other criteria also indicate such change. This article analyses the quasi-anthropological dimensions of the phenomenon, and the mutations in ways of working and in the very notion of a tool used to communicate in mobile situations. Clearly, with the spread of mobile terminals, the concept of a network is set to change. Hitherto associated with the rationality of the State and its control over a territory, how can networks avoid this control without changing fundamentally?
Information Highway Policies in the Industrialised Countries. A comparative analysis
Authors: Vedel Thierry
Published: October 2010

Summary: The subject of information superhighways first surfaced in the United States in November 1991 and was then adopted in Europe and Japan. This article analyses public policies in the three areas of the Triad, focusing more specifically on French, British and German attitudes. The author assesses technological constraints on the impact of ideological and cultural factors, and on the current process of harmonization aimed at a truly universal service.
The age of events. The spume of history - or an information master-frame?
Authors: Neveu Erik , Quéré Louis
Published: October 2010

Summary: This article provides an overview of the notion of an event, and suggests new research - perspectives. It highlights the specific features of the event in contemporary thought and, in particular, its relationship with the media. Taking as their starting point the problematics of the social construction of events, the authors suggest that certain philosophical work might usefully be taken into account, and that false polarities such as that between sociological and semiological interpretations should be transcended, in order to gain greater insight into the process of the symbolic constitution of the event.
Construction of an event. Coverage of Ireland by Agence France Presse
Authors: Kingston Meredith
Published: October 2010

Summary: This paper, based on the Irish example, reports on the role of a news agency, Agence France Presse, in the construction of an event. The author shows how the agency, under constraints of time and thematic production, selects and classifies subjects. It thus reduces situations to events by highlighting the themes likely to have news value. In the final instance it is, however, the agency's clients, the media, which re-cast the news in relation to the context in which it is to be received.
The paternal cord. Telephone relationships between 'non-custodian fathers and their children
Authors: Castelain-Meunier Christine
Published: October 2010

Summary: The present study, which confirms the shift from institutional to relational fatherhood, analyses telephone relationships between 166 divorced fathers and their children. In every case the children live with their mother who has custody. This analysis of father-child telephone interaction furthermore belies traditional representations of men's use of the telephone. Here fathers participate in the subjectification of the child in a privileged form of listening which is more similar to guidance or to providing focus of identity for the child, than to traditional authority. However, they often find the relationship difficult and frustrating, for fatherhood is, in a sense, transformed into 'virtual fatherhood'. We are then at the heart of the contradictions, problems and inherent tensions in the shift from institutional to relational fatherhood - or of the difficulty of achieving the latter.
'It's personal'. Private communication outside the home
Authors: De Gournay Chantal
Published: October 2010

Summary: Drawing upon empirical studies of domestic uses of the telephone, fax and answering machine, the author tries to define what which, in people's management of their family and private lives, spills over into the time and space of salaried work. Exploring the hypothesis of the abolition of boundaries between the private and professional spheres, she reaches the conclusion that the rift goes beyond the spatial configurations traditionally based on the separation between work and home. The notion of the personal sphere corresponds more to individual practices which mark out a personal space for communication within both the home and the office. The identity of each sphere (private and professional) remains strong despite their transfer beyond their 'natural' boundaries.
Get connected! Social uses of the telephone and modes of interaction in a peer group of young Parisians
Authors: Manceron Vanessa
Published: October 2010

Summary: The observation of uses of the telephone and related practices in a group of young Parisians sharing a degree of social exclusion and linked by a sense of affinity reveals the importance of this communication tool in the organization and functioning of the group. This network of friends is built on a foundation of leisure activities and shared interests (music, parties, fashion, etc.). The very regular telephone contact reflects their need for strong cohesive relationships. It also attests to the adhesion of each member to the group and to his or her ability to use the network of friends to organize daily activities.
Social science and co-operating machines: a bibliographic approach to CSCW
Authors: Cardon Dominique
Published: October 2010

Summary: Distance cooperation between persons in a professional context is currently the object of convergent interest of information specialists, social scientists and businesses alike. Tools for synchronous cooperation have been developed over the past fifteen years in the Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) forum, the aim of which is to contribute to shaping these tools, defining their use and inventing their future market. By successively analysing the -perspective of four different disciplines - ergonomics, psychology, ethnography and sociology - this article proposes a bibliographical analysis of the main social science studies in the CSCW. Specific attention is paid to the role within this community of the ethnographic approach to cooperative practices, which helps to show how actors and technological tools co- determine one another during their interaction.
The still - neglected situation?
Authors: Quéré Louis
Published: October 2010

Summary: Current research on cooperation at work feeds on conceptual and theoretical innovations which have appeared in the study of cognitive social activities. This article attempts to gauge such innovations. It focuses in particular on the problematics of 'situated action', 'distributed cognition' and operability of objects, of which it emphasizes both the interest and the difficulties. It shows that the rediscovery of the environment and context does not mean that the situation is no longer neglected.
The standardization of a technical practice: typing (1883-1930)
Authors: Gardy Delphine
Published: October 2010

Summary: This article considers the economic theories on standards, and adopts an historical approach in exploring the ways in which typewriters were progressively standardized along with typing practices. The early history of typing was characterized by a wide variety of technical options and configurations and intense competition between brands and typists. In this context, standardization of the arrangement of letters and signs on the keyboard was only one aspect of human and technological rivalry involving many other factors. The progressive standardization of typing was structured around the ten-finger technique, the memorization of the keyboard and new positions for the body. It attested to new demands and conditioned the development of the profession.
Youth and Screen Culture: National survey of 6-17 year olds
Authors: Jouët Josiane , Pasquier Dominique
Published: October 2010

Summary :This article presents the results, for France, of a European survey on children's and teenagers' ways of communicating. The authors analyse the relationship between social inequalities and the use of screens, with a particular focus on disparities, in the media sphere, in terms of age and gender. They explore the new dynamics of sociability induced by the new media, and highlight the versatility of media use and the synergies that are woven between digital screens and printed matter.
Young People and the New Media: On learning lessons from TV to apply to the PC
Authors: Livingstone Sonia
Published: October 2010

Summary: With the current proliferation of personal media in the home and particularly in children's bedrooms, analogies between early television and today's new screen-based media are taken as a basis for applying to the personal computer lessons learned from television. A parallel can be drawn in terms of usage and effects on domestic time and space, on social and family relations and on lifestyles, for young people are generally at the cutting edge of these developments. The two main tendencies of our societies, towards 'privatization' and individualization, constitute the historical backdrop to these processes. Apart from social and cultural changes and the proliferation of currently available media, it is relevant to study the cycle of usage - from the elite to the general public to specialists - of these media seem as their status evolves from 'new' to 'familiar'.
Netsurfers and Game Navigators: New media and youthful leisure cultures in Denmark
Authors: Drotner Kirsten
Published: October 2010

Summary: Discourse on cultural practices does not always correspond to the reality revealed by surveys. The difference between this reality and the image some people have is partly due to generation gaps. The author supports her argument with a synthesis of empirical studies conducted in Denmark on children's and adolescents' uses of various media. Among other differences, she notes the widening gap between young boys and girls.
Structuring a communication space on the Internet. Newsgroups, web sites and email
Authors: Beaudouin Valérie , Velkovska Julia
Published: October 2010

Summary: In Internet communication, electronic writing is the only way to conduct relationships, in contrast to other communication situations such as telephone and face-to-face conversations. This means that participants are obliged to explain and manifest the structural elements of their interactions in writing. Written conversations have to formulate explicit substitutes for communication cues, such as tone of voice, body language and dress, that are implicit in everyday social interaction. From this point of view, the study of such conversations may throw some light on the mechanisms used for structuring social relations in general.
MAKING SOLUTIONS FOR CHOOSING INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE FLOORS AND EXPEDIENCE OF RELIABILITY EVALUATION
Authors: Medelienė Violeta , Žiogas Vigantas Antanas
Published: October 2010

The rapid growth of economy and the recent development of industry in Lithuania have considerably increased, and therefore the need for industrial concrete floors also has a tendency to growing. The floor is used in almost all industrial companies because of differently modified concrete and a number of coating materials. It is more difficult to make an effective solution for choosing the required coating due to the supply of many different coating materials, an improvement in technological solutions, stiffening economic and ergonomic requirements. The article focuses on the complex problems of working towards a solution for selecting coating, presents the evaluation of conditions for floor exploitation and analyses mistakes and economic outcomes. The paper describes the expedience and problems of evaluating solutions for choosing floor covering in terms of reliability, makes the complex model of factors that influence reliability and presents a practical example of calculating statistical reliability. Santrauka Spartejant ekonominiam ūkio vystymuisi ir plečiantis pramonei per pastaruosius metus Lietuvoje smarkiai išaugo ir ateityje turi tendencija augti pramoniniu betoniniu grindu poreikis. Šios grindys del ivairiai modifikuojamo betono ir gausaus skirtingu dangu medžiagu pasirinkimo šiuo metu naudojamos beveik visose pramones imonese. Esant gausiai ivairiu dangu medžiagu pasiūlai, tobulejant technologiniams sprendimams, griežtinant ekologinius, ergonominius reikalavimus, priimti efektyvu dangos sprendima vis sunkiau. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinejamos sudetingos dangu sprendimu priemimo problemos, pateikiamas eksploatacines dangu būkles ivertinimas, analizuojamos daromos klaidos ir ekonomines padarytu klaidu pasekmes grindis naudojančioms imonems. Nagrinejamas tikslingumas ir problematika priimtu grindu sprendimu vertinimo patikimumo aspektu, pateikiamas sudarytas patikimuma veikiančiu veiksniu kompleksinis modelis bei praktinis statistinio patikimumo skaičiavimo pavyzdys.
THE USE OF KNOWLEDGE MAP MODEL IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Tserng H. Ping , Yin Samuel Yen-Liang , Lee Meng-Hsueh
Published: October 2010

The construction industry consists of many unstructured documents, which accumulate a large volume of tacit knowledge. In the general domain, a Knowledge Map can illustrate connections of knowledge and transfer tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge, but this is unsuitable on specific domain such as construction industry. This research generalized existing mapping rules to be applied to general and specific domain; and presented a novel and practical model for building knowledge map, named Knowledge Map Model (KMM). This model comprised of five procedures, including identifying problems, discussing with experts and users, establishing the classification structure, establishing the document base, and deciding the display model. Furthermore, this research establishes Knowledge Map Model System (KMMS) as a major tool to improve the knowledge map reused and shared among the practical process. Finally, this re‐search validated the KMM in a real project of bridge maintenance. Santrauka Statybos pramoneje taikoma daug nestruktūrizuotu dokumentu, kuriuose sukaupti tiksliai neišreikšti, numanomi duome‐nys. Bendruoju atveju žiniu žemelapis gali parodyti žiniu tarpusavio ryšius ir transformuoti numanomas žinias i tikslias žinias, tačiau tai netinka specifinems sritims, tokioms kaip statyba. Šis mokslinis tyrimas apibendrino esamas žiniu žeme‐lapiu sudarymo taisykles, kurios galetu būti taikomos bendrosioms ir specifinems sritims, ir pristate nauja, praktini žiniu žemelapio sudarymo modeli, pavadinta KMM (Knowledge Map Model). Modeli sudaro penkios procedūros: problemu identifikavimo, aptarimo su ekspertais ir vartotojais, klasifikavimo struktūros nustatymo, dokumento formos nustatymo ir sprendimo del vaizdinio parinkimo. Be to, šiais moksliniais tyrimais nustatyta, kad žiniu žemelapio modelio sistema (KMMS) yra svarbi priemone, padedanti pritaikyti žiniu žemelapio naudojima praktiniams tikslams. Galiausiai šis tyrimas pagrinde KMM taikyma vykdant realu tilto eksploatacijos projekta.
AN ANALYTICAL MODEL ON STATIC SMOKE EXHAUST IN ATRIA
Authors: Chow Cheuk Lun , Li Junmei
Published: October 2010

Static smoke exhaust systems with natural vents are starting to be installed in big shopping complexes, ware‐houses and cargo terminals in the Far East. These systems are used for natural ventilation as well as for letting out smoke. This paper responds to concerns over the performance of static smoke exhaust systems, which remain less popular than dynamic smoke exhaust systems with mechanical fans. We propose a modification of a simple flow model found in the literature, adapting this to study smoke layer interface height with natural vents opened. We compare and justify our results, as generated by both Computational Fluid Dynamics and zone models, alongside reports of historical field tests. The model of smoke exhaust is applied in an illustrative example of a large hall, leading to the suggestion that a flow model could be used for designing natural vents. As the key driving force in removing smoke through natural vents is smoke's own buoyancy, the system might only be effective for bigger fires. Santrauka Tolimuosiuose Rytuose statines dūmu šalinimo sistemos su natūralios ventiliacijos angomis pradedamos irengti dideliuose prekybos kompleksuose, sandeliuose ir kroviniu terminaluose. Tokios sistemos naudojamos ir natūraliai ventiliacijai, ir dūmams šalinti. Šis straipsnis parengtas susirūpinus, kad statines dūmu išmetimo sistemos yra ne tokios populiarios nei dinamines dūmu išmetimo sistemos su mechaniniais ventiliatoriais. Autoriai siūlo literatūroje aprašomo paprasto srauto modelio modifikacija, pritaikant ši modeli dūmu sluoksnio salyčio su natūralios ventiliacijos angomis aukščiui tirti. Straipsnyje palyginti ir pagristi rezultatai, gauti taikant tiek skaičiuojamosios skysčiu dinamikos, tiek zonavimo modelius kartu su eksperimentiniais tyrimais vietoveje. Pateiktas dūmu šalinimo modelio taikymo pavyzdys dideleje saleje ir padaryta išvada, kad srauto modelis galetu būti taikomas irengiant natūralia ventiliacija. Kadangi pagrindine varomoji jega šalinant dūmus per natūralias ventiliacijos angas yra dūmu plūdrumas, sistema gali būti veiksminga tik esant didesniems gaisrams.
NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF AN INTEGRAL BRIDGE
Authors: Noorzaei Jamaloddin , Abdulrazeg Aeid. A. , Jaafar Mohamed Saleh , Kohnehpooshi Omid
Published: October 2010

This study describes the implementation of a 2‐D finite element model of an integral abutment bridge (IAB) system which explicitly incorporates the nonlinear soil response. The superstructure members have been represented by means of three‐node isoparametric beam elements with three degrees of freedom per node. The soil mass is idealized by eight node isoperimetric quadrilateral element at near field and five node isoparametric infinite element to simulate the far field behavior of the soil media. The non‐linearity of the soil mass has been represented by using the Duncan and Chang hyperbolic model. The applicability of this model was demonstrated by analyzing a single span IAB. This study has shown that the soil nonlinearity has significant effect on the response of the structure, where the displacement that have been obtained on basis of nonlinear analysis is 1.5–2.0 times higher than that obtained from linear analysis. The stress magnitudes in the nonlinear analysis are also higher where in some point the difference reached almost 3 times. Santrauka Straipsnyje aprašoma, kaip taikomas 2‐D baigtiniu elementu metodas tilto sistemai su integraliniais ramtais analizuoti, apimant ir netiesine grunto elgsena. Antžemines tilto dalies laikantieji elementai modeliuojami taikant triju mazgu izoparametrinius strypinius elementus su trimis laisves laipsniais kiekviename mazge. Grunto masyvui modeliuoti taikomi aštuoniu mazgu izoparametriniai ketursieniai elementai arti tilto esančioje aplinkoje ir penkiu mazgu izoparametriniai begaliniai elementai, imituojantys grunto terpes elgsena nuo tilto nutolusiose srityse. Grunto masyvo elgsenos netiesiškumas ivertinamas Duncan ir Chang hiperboliniu modeliu. Jo tinkamumas aiškinamas analizuojant vieno tarpatramio integralini tilta. Atlikti tyrimai parode, kad grunto savybiu netiesiškumas turi didele itaka tilto konstrukciju elgsenai. Tilto poslinkiai, nustatyti taikant netiesine analize, yra 1,5–2,0 karto didesni už poslinkius, nustatytus taikant tiesine analize. Atlikus netiesine analize nustatyti itempiai taip pat yra didesni, o kai kuriais atvejais skirtumas siekia beveik tris kartus.
AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR REDUCING PRECAST FABRICATION INVENTORY
Authors: Ko Chien-Ho
Published: October 2010

Precast fabricators strive for business success on delivering products on time. To achieve this goal, fabricators start fabrication once they receive design information. However, this practice results in finished goods inventory which is regarded as waste. The objective of this study is to develop a framework for precast fabricators to reduce the inventory. The framework consists of three components. The first time buffer evaluation is used to avoid fabricators losing capacity by considering demand variability. The second component, due date adjustment, shifts production curve closer to erection dates to reduce inventory. The third scheduling component arranges production sequences to achieve multi-objectives using genetic algorithms. One real case is experimented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The application results show that the developed framework can reduce the level of finished goods inventory without changing production resources. Santrauka Surenkamosios statybos sektorius siekia didinti verslo struktūru gebejima produktus tiekti laiku. Tokia gamyba pradedama vos gavus projektine informacija. Tačiau taip gaminant susikaupia daug gaminiu atsargu, apsunkinančiu imones veikla. Šio tyrimo tikslas ‐ sukurti sistema, kuri leistu tokias atsargas sumažinti. Sistema sudaro trys komponentai. Pirmasis komponentas padeda atsižvelgti i paklausos kitima ir išvengti per didelio gamybos pajegumu mažinimo. Šis komponentas vadinamas pirmojo pareikalavimo itakos sušvelninimu. Antrasis komponentas leidžia mažinti gamybines atsargas, gamyba priderinant prie statybos ir montavimo laiko. Trečiasis sistemos komponentas skirtas planuoti darbus, išdestant gamybos operaciju sekas pagal daugiatikslius kriterijus ir taikant genetinius algoritmus. Aprašomas praktinis pavyzdys, iliustruojantis pasiūlytosios sistemos efektyvuma. Taikymo rezultatai rodo, kad igyvendinta sistema leis sumažinti pagamintos produkcijos atsargas, nemažinant gamybos sanaudu.
ENERGY DISSIPATION BEHAVIOURS AND SEISMIC REDUCTION PERFORMANCE OF A PROPOSED VELOCITY AND DISPLACEMENT DEPENDENT HYDRAULIC DAMPER (VDHD)
Authors: Sung Wen-Pei , Shih Ming-Hsiang , Zhao Yu-Kuang
Published: October 2010

A new oil‐pressure Velocity and Displacement Dependent Hydraulic Damper (VDHD) is proposed by adding an additional Relief Valve parallel to the Throttle Valve with a different aperture size. This objective is to obtain an adaptive control by changing the damping coefficient of the VDHD for better control of structural movement during earthquake. In order to simulate its actual energy elimination, a mathematical analysis model is developed based on the Maxwell Model, which is modified by adding a serial friction model and a small damper parallel to the friction model in this study. The mathematical simulated results are compared with the actual energy‐dissipating behaviours of this proposed damper. The comparison shows that this proposed mathematical modelling could accurately simulate the relation of force and displacement as well as the relation of force and velocity during the process of energy dissipation. In addition, results of both the laboratory shaking table test and simulation analyses are used to test and verify the seismic reduction performance of this proposed damper. The experimental and simulation results show that in spite of the magnitude of the earthquake, the proposed VDHD device has a superior effect on the control of structural displacement by achieving effective acceleration reduction.

Santrauka

Siūlomas naujas hidraulinis i greiti ir poslinki reaguojantis slopintuvas (HGPS), sukurtas prie droselinio vožtuvo su kintama apertūra pridejus atbulini vožtuva. Buvo siekiama užtikrinti geresne adaptyvia konstrukcijos judejimo žemes drebejimo metu kontrole keičiant HGPS slopinimo koeficienta. Norint modeliuoti tikraji energijos pašalinima, buvo sukurtas matematinis modelis, pagristas Maksvelo modeliu. Šis modelis buvo pakeistas prie trinties modelio pridejus nuosekluji trinties modeli ir nedideli slopintuva. Matematinio modeliavimo rezultatai lyginami su tikraja siūlomo gesintuvo energijos sklaida. Palyginimas rodo, kad matematinio modeliavimo rezultatai atitinka tikraja siūlomo gesintuvo elgsena. Lyginant skaičiavimo rezultatus su eksperimentiniais matyti, kad siūlomas matematinis modeliavimas leidžia tiksliai išreikšti jegos ir poslinkio bei jegos ir greičio ryšius, susidarančius energijos sklaidos metu. Laboratoriniai rezultatai, gauti naudojant vibracini stala, ir modeliavimo rezultatai taikomi tirti bei tikrinti siūlomo gesintuvo itaka mažinant seismines konstrukcijos charakteristikas. Eksperimentiniai ir modeliavimo rezultatai rodo, kad nepaisant žemes drebejimo laipsnio, siūlomas gesintuvas labai pagerina konstrukcijos poslinkiu kontrole efektyviai mažindamas judejimo pagreiti.
An Analog Electronics Mobile Course with a Competitive Learning Approach
Authors: Madeira Rui Neves , Pires Vitor , Dias Octávio Pascoa , Martins João
Published: October 2010

In the last years several mobile learning courses have been experimented. The increasing popularity and additional features of mobile devices is one of the key reasons for mobile learning courses development. The superior portability and accessibility of those equipments makes them suitable for remote and interactive learning courses. In this context, this paper focuses on the implementation of a mobile learning framework for an analog electronics course. This course was designed as a complement to the classic analog electronics courses. This course consists of several interactive multimedia modules, at the end of which students have to answer several oriented questions. These give feedback about the learning process to the teacher, which receives SMS messages with the results. A specific module is responsible for storing and managing the answers in a server, where all the results from students are processed in a competitive learning based methodology application.
ADOBE Flash Lite â?? Based Online Laboratory for Mobile Phones
Authors: Maiti Ananda , Maiti Anindya
Published: October 2010

Recently, development of "Microelectronics and VLSI Engineering" Laboratory at IIT Kharagpur (http://lod.iitkgp.ernet.in/netlab), an innovative remote microelectronics device characterization and parameter extraction laboratory has been reported. The laboratory enables students to measure different semiconductor device characteristics and extract device parameters at any time and from anywhere using a Java-enabled web browser. Having pioneered the PC-based online laboratory to enhance microelectronics education, feasibility of use of mobile devices for hardware-based remote experimentation is explored. The work introduced in this paper is a prototype of the use of mobile devices in laboratory education.
Evaluation of Criteria for Selection of Seed Coconuts
Authors: WICKRAMARATNE M. R. T. , COE RICHARD , FERNANDO SUNEETHA
Published: October 2010

Criteria for the selection of seednuts from selected coconut palms were investigatedand found to be unsatisfactory. Nuts should not be rejected on the basis of size, quantityof nut water or shape. Identification of nuts as empty (devoid of nut water)or immature and therefore unlikely to germinate are also often inaccurate. None ofthe variables measured had a strong enough relationship with germination to enable themto be used as a basis for more efficient seednut selection. It seems advisable to dispensewith seednut selection and lay all nuts harvested from the selected palms in the nursery.Selection of seedlings in the nursery should, of course, be carried out subsequently,as usual.doi: 10.4038/cocos.v5i0.2044COCOS 1987 Vol.5 No.1 1-7
Coconut Breeding in Indonesia—II The Yield Potential of Improved Varieties of Coconut
Authors: LIYANAGE D. V. , H. LUNTUNGAN H. , T. MANKEY T.
Published: October 2010

The analyses of yield data collected from 986 progenies of Indonesian TallX Indonesian Tall showed their high production capability: 123 nuts/32.29 kg copraper palm/yr. Six of them produced 168 nuts/58.11 kg copra per palm/yr. Two familiesshowed general combining ability and no inbreeding depression. They will be veryuseful for breeding for high yield of copra.doi: 10.4038/cocos.v5i0.2045COCOS 1987 Vol.5 No.1 8-18
Metroglyph Analysis in Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)
Authors: RAVEENDRA T. S. , RAMANATHAN T. , NALLATHAMBI G. , VIJAYARAGHAVAN H.
Published: October 2010

Metroglyph analysis was done in a group of 23 genotypes of coconut, Cocosnucifera L. The varieties came under two groups based on morphological characters.Three groups were recognized when the classification was made on the basis of nut characters.The exotic cultivars, in general, had relatively higher expression for morphologicaland nut characters. The possibility of obtaining heterotic hybrids from divergentparental combinations was indicated.doi: 10.4038/cocos.v5i0.2048COCOS 1987 Vol.5 32-38
Smoking, DNA Adducts and Number of Risk DNA Repair Alleles in Lung Cancer Cases, in Subjects with Benign Lung Diseases and in Controls
Authors: Peluso Marco , Munnia Armelle , Piro Sara , Armillis Alessandra , Ceppi Marcello , Matullo Giuseppe , Puntoni Riccardo
Published: October 2010

Smoke constituents can induce DNA adducts that cause mutations and lead to lung cancer. We have analyzed DNA adducts and polymorphisms in two DNA repair genes, for example, XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln genes and XRCC3 Thr241Met gene, in 34 lung cancer cases in respect to 30 subjects with benign lung cancer disease and 40 healthy controls.
When the study population was categorized in base to the number of risk alleles, adducts were significantly increased in individuals bearing 3‐4 risk alleles (OR = 4.1 95% C.I. 1.28–13.09, P = .009). A significant association with smoking was noticed in smokers for more than 40 years carrying 3‐4 risk alleles (OR = 36.38, 95% C.I. 1.17–1132.84, P = .040). A not statistically significant increment of lung cancer risk was observed in the same group (OR = 4.54, 95% C.I. 0.33–62.93, P = .259). Our results suggest that the analysis of the number of risk alleles predicts the interindividual variation in DNA adducts of smokers and lung cancer cases.
Monopoly Innovation and Welfare Effects
Authors: Yao Shuntian , Gan Lydia
Published: October 2010

In this paper we study the welfare effect of a monopoly innovation. Unlike many partial equilibrium models carried out in previous studies, general equilibrium models are constructed and analyzed in greater detail. We discover that technical innovation carried out by a monopolist could significantly increase the social welfare. We conclude that, in general, the criticism against monopoly innovation based on its increased deadweight loss is less accurate than previously postulated by many studies.