bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La prehistoria de Ibiza y Formentera: estado actual de la investigación
Authors: Gómez Bellard Carlos , San Nicolas Pedraz Maria Pilar
Published: July 2012

El estudio de la Prehistoria de Ibiza y Formentera, que forman el subgrupo de las Pitiusas dentro del archipiélago balear, se inició hace pocos años a raíz del descubrimiento y excavación del sepulcro megalítico de Ca Na Costa en Formentera, ya que hasta entonces se dudaba todavía de la presencia humana en esas islas antes de la colonización fenicia. En poco más de una década se han conocido numerosos yacimientos que permiten intentar por primera vez un acercamiento global al tema. Sin embargo son todavía muchos los problemas que subsisten y sólo nuevas excavaciones conducirán al establecimiento de una secuencia cultural aparentemente compleja que por lo que hoy sabemos se inicia en la primera mitad del II milenio.
Peines prehistóricos peninsulares
Authors: Castro Curel Zaida
Published: July 2012

Mediante la revisión, no exhaustiva, de una serie de objetos dentados de hueso, madera y marfil -clasificados como peines- hallados con relativa frecuencia, en fases del Neolítico, Calcolítico o Bronce en yacimientos ubicados en el actual territorio de España y Portugal, pretendemos analizar las distintas hipótesis emitidas sobre su empleo prehistórico. Aunque éste, en algunos casos, ha resultado problemático, la documentación bibliográfica acumulada puede facilitar el futuro estudio y reconocimiento de estos singulares elementos culturales.
El ídolo de «El Lomo» (Cogolludo, Guadalajara)
Authors: Valiente Malla Jesús
Published: July 2012

Se estudia un bloque de piedra esculpido, procedente del poblado de «El Lomo» (Cogolludo, Guadalajara). Es un fragmento de estalagmita que, en su estado natural, podía sugerir una semejanza con los «ídolos ovoides», sobre guijarros, que se caracterizan por llevar una ancha acanaladura longitudinal. Esta sugerencia se completó por el procedimiento de tallar en la parte superior del bloque otra hendidura profunda que le confiere la apariencia de un «ídolo de cuernos». Estas piezas de intencionalidad simbólica son propias de ambientes eneolíticos. El ídolo de Cogolludo apareció en una hoya que corresponde precisamente a la primera fase, eneolitica, del poblado, a juzgar por las cerámicas que la acompañaban. Para esta fase (El Lomo I) contamos con dos fechas radiocarbónicas en torno al año 2100 a.C.
La serie de sellos de madera procedentes de Gáldar, Gran Canaria
Authors: Martín de Guzmán Celso
Published: July 2012

Este tipo especial de sellos de madera son conocidos en la isla de Gran Canaria con el nombre «pintadera». De acuerdo con la hipótesis general pertenecían a esquemas o marcas de propietarios e implicarían una aristocracia ganadera y un campesinado diferenciado. Es altamente reminiscente de las distinciones de clase tan agudamente dibujadas entre los antiguos habitantes de la ciudad de Gáldar. Estos nobles trataron de preservar la línea pura por medio de la práctica de la endogamia. En cualquier caso, lo más importante de este estudio es quizá la posibilidad de contrastes entre el análisis arqueológico y el método etnoarqueológico.
Arqueobotánica y paleoetnobotánica en el sureste de España, datos preliminares
Authors: Rivera Núñez Diego , Obon de Castro Concepción , Asencio Martínez Antonia
Published: July 2012

Se revisan los datos disponibles sobre semillas, frutos y fibras vegetales de 87 yacimientos arqueológicos de Andalucía. Castilla-La Mancha, Murcia y Comunidad Valenciana.
Los materiales pertenecen a 102 taxones diferentes, incluidos en 10 grandes categorías etnobotánicas: cereales, legumbres, frutos comestibles, órganos subterráneos comestibles, oleaginosas, textiles, cestería y cordelería, encañizadas, sinantrópicas y silvestres (medicinales, tintoriales, etc ... ).
La organización interna de los asentamientos de comunidades cazadoras-recolectoras: el análisis de las interrelaciones espaciales de los elementos arqueológicos
Authors: Wünsch Germà
Published: July 2012

El presente artículo ofrece una breve aproximación al estudio de la organización interna de los asentamientos de comunidades cazadoras-recolectoras. Dicho estudio se centra en la articulación de las diversas actividades productivas y de mantenimiento desarrolladas dentro del espacio de ocupación prioritario. Siguiendo una secuencia lógica se plantean los presupuestos teórico-metodológicos básicos y la estructuración del método analítico desarrollado específicamente: el análisis de las interrelaciones espaciales de los elementos arqueológicos (ANITES). Para ilustrar su funcionamiento se utilizan los resultados obtenidos en una primera aplicación con datos procedentes del asentamiento del Cingle Vermell (Vilanova de Sau, Barcelona).
Los elementos de adorno-colgantes en el Paleolítico Superior y Epipaleolítico: pautas para su estudio tecnológico
Authors: Papi Rodes Concepción
Published: July 2012

Los elementos de adorno-colgantes en el Paleolítico Superior y Epipaleolítico han sido tradicionalmente estudiados y clasificados sin prestar especial atención a la manufactura que los convirtió en tales. Los aspectos tecnológicos de estos colgantes son los criterios sobre los que se propone un análisis y descripción exhaustivos de estas piezas ornamentales.
Transformaciones sociales en el Neolítico final de la Europa templada (4000-2000 a.C.)
Authors: Kristiansen Kristian
Published: July 2012

Se examinan los cambios en el registro arqueológico de la Europa templada desde los complejos culturales TRB/Megalítico al de la Cerámica cordada/Hacha de Combate/ Tumba individual atendiendo a las transformaciones en los patrones de subsistencia (agricultura de rozas vs. pastoreo), distribución del excedente (festejos (2) vs. intercambio de riqueza) y prácticas rituales (colectivas vs. individualizadoras).
Megalitos, espacio, pensamiento
Authors: Criado Boado Felipe
Published: July 2012

Este trabajo, que prolonga un artículo anterior sobre el tema (Criado Boado A), plantea que el megalitismo supone un tipo especial de configuración del espacio social dentro de la cual surgen conceptos específicos de tiempo y de espacio.
En una primera parte se intenta contrastar esta situación con otra distinta que antecedería al megalitismo y que, desde el punto de vista del autor, coincide con la situación que caracteriza a las poblaciones mesolíticas y del neolítico inicial. Se propone que cada una de esas dos situaciones coincide con contextos culturales, marcos sociales y prácticas de subsistencia específicas.
En una segunda parte se particulariza dentro de soluciones megalíticas determinadas con el fin de observar si a través de ellas se expresan diferentes estrategias de ideología y poder funcionando dentro de las sociedades constructoras de los megalitos.
El túmulo Protohistorico del «Paso de la Loba». (Huidobro, Burgos)
Authors: Rojo Guerra Manuel A.
Published: July 2012

En el Noroeste de la provincia de Burgos -comarca de la Lora-, coincidiendo con el área de dispersión del foco dolménico más importante del Oriente de La Meseta Superior, se documentan una serie de enterramientos tumulares pertenecientes a los primeros momentos de la Edad del Bronce. Sirven como alternativas a las deposiciones de la época en los monumentos megalíticos, a los que llegarán a suplantar definitivamente. El túmulo del “Paso de la Loba” posee, a su vez, elementos más modernos que nos hablan del arraigo de esta peculiar forma de enterramiento en las poblaciones locales y su perduración hasta momentos avanzados de la Edad del Hierro.
Los niveles superiores de Sanchorreja. La primera Edad del Hierro en el borde meridional de la Meseta
Authors: González-Tablas Sastre F. J.
Published: July 2012

[es] Las cerámicas con decoración «a peine» han sido consideradas como un elemento característico de Cogotas II, y más concretamente, de su fase inicial. En el trabajo que presentamos se intenta establecer una diferenciación entre las cerámicas de Cogotas II y aquellas otras, anteriores en el tiempo, que caracterizan la Primera Edad del Hierro en el borde meridional de la Meseta.

[fr] Les céramiques avec décoration «a peine» ont étè considerés comme un élément caractéristique de «Cogotas II», et d'une manière concrete elles apartiennent son époque initial. Dans le travail qu'on présente ici on a essayé d'établir une diferenciation entre les céramiques de «Cogotas II» et celles-là que caractérisent la Première Age du Fer dans le bord méridional de la Meseta, et qu'celles sont, d'une époque antéríeur.
La cerámica ibérica de la cuenca del Guadalquivir. II. Conclusiones
Authors: Pereira Sieso Juan
Published: July 2012

Desde una propuesta de clasificación de la cerámica a torno pintada de época ibérica en la Cuenca del Guadalquivir, se analiza el desarrollo del Mundo Ibérico Andaluz. Este Complejo Cultural, presenta en la Cuenca del Guadalquivir dos áreas bien diferenciadas por aspectos tipológicos e institucionales.
Esculturas de équidos procedentes de la colección de Alhonoz (Puente-Genil, Córdoba)
Authors: Cuadrado Emeterio , Ruano Encarnación
Published: July 2012

Se estudia un conjunto de relieves y grabados realizados en losas de arenisca procedentes de la Mesa de Luque (Córdoba). El hallazgo plantea la posible existencia de un nuevo santuario ibérico en las cercanías del lugar.
Datación absoluta por termoluminiscencia: un ejemplo de aplicación arqueológica
Authors: Arribas J. G. , Calderón T. , Blasco C.
Published: July 2012

En el presente trabajo se describen las características del método de datación por tennoluminiscencia, su fundamento y una aplicación a un yacimiento español, en concreto el denominado «Fábrica de Ladrillos», situado en el término municipal de Getafe (Madrid), y correspondiente a la facies Cogotas I. Se presentan las fechas obtenidas, así como su interpretación dentro del entorno cultural.
Las pinturas rupestres paleolíticas de la cueva de Covalanas (Ramales de la Victoria, Cantabria)
Authors: Moure Romanillo Alfonso , González Morales Manuel , González Sainz César
Published: July 2012

El trabajo se inserta en una de las líneas de investigación del área de Prehistoria del Departamento de Ciencias Históricas de la Universidad de Cantabria, que tiene por objeto la documentación del arte rupestre de la región.
Las figuras paleolíticas de Covalanas forman un conjunto sincrónico y ordenado que emplea la técnica del tamponado y otros procedimientos pictóricos próximos a la misma. A partir del análisis estilístico de las figuraciones y de los signos, y de comparaciones con otros santuarios mejor fechados se estima que puede pertenecer a un momento avanzado del Solutrense Cantábrico.
Las sepulturas de la cueva de Los Canes (Asturias) y la neolitización de la región cantábrica
Authors: Arias Cabal Pablo , Pérez Suárez Carlos
Published: July 2012

Se describen los enterramientos prehistóricos de la cueva de Los Canes (Asturias), correspondientes a una facies del Neolítico inicial de la región cantábrica estrechamente relacionada con el Epipaleolítico tardío local. Así mismo se valora su relevancia para el estudio de la neolitización de dicha zona de la Península Ibérica.
Arqueozoología teórica: usos y abusos reflejados en la interpretación de las asociaciones de fauna de yacimientos antrópicos
Authors: Morales Muñiz Arturo
Published: July 2012

Las faunas son elementos fundamentales en la reconstrucción de las economías y de los paisajes de los asentamientos humanos. Esto ha sido ya puesto de manifiesto en numerosos trabajos. Es por ello que actualmente no se concibe un análisis integral de un yacimiento antrópico que no incluya su correspondiente informe faunístico. A pesar de esto, el papel desempeñado por la fauna en la interpretación de un complejo arqueológico no está exento de limitaciones. No reconocer éstas puede inducir a cometer errores interpretativos que acaben lesionando la argumentación teórica. En este trabajo se discuten algunos casos concretos procedentes de estudios llevados a cabo en la Península Ibérica.
Análisis discriminante en la identificación de trigos arqueológicos españoles
Authors: Tellez Ricardo , Chamorro Javier G. , Arnanz Ana M.
Published: July 2012

Se propone una metodología útil para la identificación de trigos recuperados en yacimientos arqueológicos de España. Se basa en el análisis discriminante informatizado de nueve especies actuales del género Triticum que constituyen el patrón comparativo que identifica las especies de trigo arqueológico. Se presenta la aplicación del método en 15 yacimientos de ámbito geográfico distinto y cronologías que van del Neolítico al cambio de Era.
Datos para una definición del Bronce Final Pleno en el Altiplano Yecla-Jumilla: las cazuelas carenadas de Coimbra del Barranco Ancho (Jumilla)
Authors: Ros Sala Maria Milagrosa
Published: July 2012

El trabajo analiza la determinación cultural que la comarca natural del Altiplano Yecla-Jumilla muestra durante el periodo del Bronce Final respecto de las áreas litoral y prelitoral murcianas. De ésta se deducen intensas relaciones culturales con el Sureste del País Valenciano y la Submeseta Oriental que subyacen en su propia tradición material.
Arqueología y Filosofía: La Teoría Critica
Authors: Vicent García Juan Manuel
Published: July 2012

Se proponen algunas reflexiones en torno a una Teoría Critica de la Arqueología, por oposición a las precedentes teorías normativo-justificativas. El objeto de esta teoría critica es la consideración de los aspectos cognoscitivos de la disciplina en una misma unidad de análisis con las cuestiones ético-políticas suscitadas por su práxis en el contexto de las sociedades contemporáneas.
La transición hacia la cultura talayótica en Menorca
Authors: Fernández-Miranda Manuel
Published: July 2012

La periodización cultural es uno de los problemas a resolver en la prehistoria de Menorca. Entre otros asuntos necesitados de esclarecimiento figura la transición desde el momento pretalayótico a la cultura talayótica, toda vez que su inicio parece significar el arranque de la complejización social en la isla, que finalizará con los grandes poblados desarrollados hasta la romanización. Este artículo recoge la principal documentación disponible en torno al problema y propone algunas explicaciones en relación con la formación de la cultura talayótica, teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones ambientales y el posible desarrollo de una estrategia económica dominante fundamentada en la ganadería.
Estudio de las cremaciones de la sepultura 11/ 145 de los Castellones de Ceal
Authors: Reverte Coma José M.
Published: July 2012

Se estudian los restos quemados de un varón adulto correspondiente a una tumba ibérica. Distribuidos fuera de la urna se encontraron restos faunísticos y humanos también quemados.
Los restos animales recuperados en la tumba 11/145 de la necrópolis de Los Castellones de Ceal (Jaén)
Authors: Morales Arturo , Hernández Francisco , Juarranz M. Ángeles
Published: July 2012

Se describen los restos de fauna de una tumba del yacimiento de Castellones de Ceal desglosando del componente autóctono del ajuar lo que parecen ser elementos intrusivos.
La cerámica ibero-céltica de barniz rojo
Authors: Cuadrado Emeterio
Published: July 2012

Revisión y puesta al día de la cerámica de barniz rojo a partir del artículo publicado por el mismo autor en 1969. Se constata la extensión geográfica de los hallazgos y se incluye un tercer grupo denominado “cerámica ibero-céltica” aparecida en yacimientos de fines del siglo IV y del III a. C.
El mosaico de las estaciones de Córdoba
Authors: López Monteagudo Guadalupe
Published: July 2012

El trabajo tiene por objeto dar una lectura aproximada de tres fragmentos de mosaicos, conservados en el Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba, de confusa interpretación. La autora aporta nuevos datos para la posible identificación de las figuras que decoran los medallones circulares, a través del estudio iconográfico de las mismas y de su situación en las esquinas del pavimento, llegando a la conclusión de que se trata de una representación abstracta de las Estaciones que, en esta ocasión, son evocadas mediante personajes sacados de la mitología.
Balanzas y romanas de bronce en los mercadillos de antigüedades de Sevilla
Authors: Fernández Gómez Fernando
Published: July 2012

Se presentan diversos ejemplares de balanzas y romanas de bronce, localizados unos en los mercados de antigüedades de Sevilla y conservados otros en su Museo Arqueológico, analizándose su estructura y las variaciones que presentan sus barras graduadas. Se completa el estudio con una selección de pesas y contrapesos de la misma procedencia.
The Palaeolithic colonization of Europe: an archaeological and biogeographic perspective
Authors: Rolland Nicolas
Published: July 2012

Sintetizamos el conocimiento actual sobre el poblamiento de Europa durante el Paleolítico inferior, empleando datos de repertorios líticos, así como evidencia geocronológica, biogeográfica y paleogeográfica. Los vestigios humanos más antiguos pertenecen a un horizonte no-Achelense con una edad entre 0.90 y 0.55 ma. Buscando el origen geográfico y los caminos de dispersión hasta Europa, identificamos tres alternativas: a través del corredor del Levante, del estrecho de Gibraltar O, más improbablemente, por un camino de tipo filtro desde Asia Central. No existen pruebas definitivas para ninguna de esas alternativas pero hay un apoyo empírico más coherente para la hipótesis de Asia Central, donde existe también un repertorio no-Achelense. Según esta alternativa, la colonización de Europa coincide con un importante cambio en la fauna pleistocénica, la dispersión del final del Villafranquiense/Galeriense, la cual también se originó en Asia Central.
La talla lítica en Atapuerca (Burgos)
Authors: Mosquera Martínez Marina , Carbonell i Roura Eudald
Published: July 2012

Este trabajo presenta fundamentalmente un estudio de los núcleos (BNIG neutras) recuperados en las excavaciones de los yacimientos mesopleistocenos de Atapuerca (Burgos). Se analizan y estudian los métodos de talla utilizados y las relaciones técnicas que existen entre éstos y sus productos, las lascas (BP). Por otra parte, se pretende una aproximación a las diferencias diacrónicas observadas en los rellenos, que, en alguno de los yacimientos, cubren la práctica totalidad del Pleistoceno Medio. Por último, se extrae una serie de conclusiones de tipo tecnológico que nos ayudan a caracterizar el periodo registrado en los yacimientos.
La actividad metalúrgica en la Edad del Bronce del sudeste de la Península Ibérica: tecnología e interpretación cultural
Authors: Montero Ruiz Ignacio
Published: July 2012

La investigación sobre la Edad del Bronce ha otorgado, en general, una gran importancia a la metalurgia como factor explicativo de la complejidad social detectada en este periodo, y a ello no ha escapado la cultura de El Argar, ubicada en el Sudeste de la Península. Sin embargo, hasta el momento no se había realizado ningún estudio que evaluara cuantitativamente el registro arqueológico y estudiara la tecnología metalúrgica. Los resultados obtenidos permiten apreciar la escasa entidad de la metalurgia desde el punto de vista económico y rechazar la importancia otorgada a esta actividad en la interpretación cultural. El estudio tecnológico muestra una evolución local y paulatina de la metalurgia, con escaso desarrollo en relación a las culturas europeas contemporáneas.
Ensayo de tala con un hacha de piedra pulida
Authors: Fábregas Valcarce Ramón
Published: July 2012

Se lleva a cabo un experimento de corte de árboles con un hacha fabricada “ex profeso”, de características similares a ejemplares recuperados en contextos arqueológicos de Galicia. A pesar de que el enmangue se reveló poco seguro, el hacha efectuó el trabajo con notable eficacia y sin acusar un desgaste significativo.
Regular solutions to a monodimensional model with discontinuous elliptic operator
Authors: Mucha Piotr Bogusław
Published: July 2012

The note examines qualitative behavior of solutions to a monodimensional nonlinear elliptic equation

\frac{d}{dx}(u_x+\mathrm {sgn} \ u_x)=f

with Dirichlet boundary data. This simple example explains the phenomenon of facets – flat regions of solutions, characteristic for models arising from theories of crystal growth and image prossessing.
Density estimates for phase transitions with a trace
Authors: Sire Yannick , Valdinoci Enrico
Published: July 2012

We consider a functional obtained by adding a trace term to the Allen-Cahn phase segregation model and we prove some density estimates for the level sets of the interfaces. We treat in a unified way also the cases of possible degeneracy and singularity of the ellipticity of the model and the quasiminimal case.
Capillary drops on a rough surface
Authors: Mellet Antoine , Nolen James
Published: July 2012

We study liquid drops lying on a rough planar surface. The drops are minimizers of an energy functional that includes a random adhesion energy. We prove the existence of minimizers and the regularity of the free boundary. When the length scale of the randomly varying surface is small, we show that minimizers are close to spherical caps which are minimizers of an averaged energy functional. In particular, we give an error estimate that is algebraic in the scale parameter and holds with high probability.
Two-phase flow problem coupled with mean curvature flow
Authors: Liu Chun , Sato Norifumi , Tonegawa Yoshihiro
Published: July 2012

We prove the existence of generalized solution for incompressible and viscous non-Newtonian two-phase fluid flow for spatial dimension

d =2

and 3. Separating two shear thickening fluids with power law viscosity strictly above critical growth

p = (d + 2)/2

, the phase boundary moves along with the fluid flow plus its mean curvature while exerting surface tension force to the fluid. An approximation scheme combining the Galerkin method and the phase field method is adopted.
Finite element methods for director fields on flexible surfaces
Authors: Bartels Sören , Dolzmann Georg , Nochetto Ricardo H. , Raisch Alexander
Published: July 2012

We introduce a nonlinear model for the evolution of biomembranes driven by the

L^2

-gradient flow of a novel elasticity functional describing the interaction of a director field on a membrane with its curvature. In the linearized setting of a graph we present a practical finite element method (FEM), and prove a priori estimates. We derive the relaxation dynamics for the nonlinear model on closed surfaces and introduce a parametric FEM. We present numerical experiments for both linear and nonlinear models, which agree well with the expected behavior in simple situations and allow predictions beyond theory.
Emigration of Mathematicians and Transmission of Mathematics: Historical Lessons and Consequences of the Third Reich
Authors: Barrow-Green June E. , Dumbaugh Della , Schwermer Joachim , Siegmund-Schultze Reinhard
Published: July 2012

This conference provided a focused venue to explore the intellectual migration of mathematicians and mathematics spurred by the Nazis and still influential today. The week of talks and discussions (both formal and informal) created a rich opportunity for the cross-fertilization of ideas among almost 50 mathematicians, historians of mathematics, general historians, and curators.
Mathematical Logic: Proof Theory, Constructive Mathematics
Authors: Buss Samuel R. , Kohlenbach Ulrich , Rathjen Michael
Published: July 2012

The workshop “Mathematical Logic: Proof Theory, Constructive Mathematics” was centered around proof-theoretic aspects of current mathematics, constructive mathematics and logical aspects of computational complexity.
Geometric Partial Differential Equations: Theory, Numerics and Applications
Authors: Dziuk Gerhard , Elliott Charles M. , Huisken Gerhard , Kornhuber Ralf
Published: July 2012

This workshop concentrated on partial differential equations involving stationary and evolving surfaces in which geometric quantities play a major role. Mutual interest in this emerging field stimulated the interaction between analysis, numerical solution, and applications.
Variational Methods for Evolution
Authors: Mielke Alexander , Otto Felix , Savaré Giuseppe , Stefanelli Ulisse
Published: July 2012

The meeting focused on the last advances in the applications of variational methods to evolution problems governed by partial differential equations. The talks covered a broad range of topics, including large deviation and variational principles, rate-independent evolutions and gradient flows, heat flows in metric-measure spaces, propagation of fracture, applications of optimal transport and entropy-entropy dissipation methods, phase-transitions, viscous approximation, and singular-perturbation problems.
Improving Access to Longitudinal Patient Health Information within an Emergency Department
Authors: Shen S. , Dorr D.A. , Hripcsak G. , Heermann L. , Narus S.P. , Wilcox A.B.
Published: July 2012

We designed and implemented an electronic patient tracking system with improved user authentication and patient selection. We then measured access to clinical information from previous clinical encounters before and after implementation of the system. Clinicians accessed longitudinal information for 16% of patient encounters before, and 40% of patient encounters after the intervention, indicating such a system can improve clinician access to information. We also attempted to evaluate the impact of providing this access on inpatient admissions from the emergency department, by comparing the odds of inpatient admission from an emergency department before and after the improved access was made available. Patients were 24% less likely to be admitted after the implementation of improved access. However, there were many potential confounders, based on the inherent pre-post design of the evaluation. Our experience has strong implications for current health information exchange initiatives.
Impact of implementing an EMR on physical exam documentation by ambulance personnel
Authors: Barton D.J. , Adelman S. , Clark S. , Seaman E.L. , Hudson K.B. , Katzer R.
Published: July 2012

Objective: Georgetown University has a student run Emergency Medical Services (EMS) organization with over 100 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). We set out to determine whether implementing an electronic patient care report (ePCR) system was associated with improved physical exam documentation.

Methods: This study evaluated documentation of the physical exam on prehospital patient care reports (PCRs). An ePCR system was implemented. ePCR documentation was compared to that of the previously used paper PCRs. This study looked retrospectively at 154 PCRs. 77 were hand written PCRs from before the electronic system. The PCRs involved chief complaints that were primarily respiratory, neurologic, or both. 77 ePCRs of matching chief complaint categories were used for comparison. Each chart was reviewed for completion of certain physical exam findings. The mean percentage of documented components from the ePCRs was compared to that of the hand written PCRs. The null hypothesis was that the absolute increase in the mean was not more than 20 percent. The two exclusion criteria were PCRs completed by study investigators after the design of the project and partially or completely missing PCRs.

Results: The absolute increase in mean physical exam component documentation was 36% (95% CI = 29–43%). A weighted kappa of 0.894 showed very good agreement between chart reviewers.

Conclusions: This study rejected the null hypothesis that the ePCR system was associated with a mean increase of no more than 20%. It observed increase in physical exam documentation. Limitations of this study included the inability to determine whether documentation of physical exam findings reflected performance of the physical exam, and what components of the ePCR system bundle were responsible for the increase in physical exam component documentation.
Simultaneous satellite observations of IO and BrO over Antarctica
Authors: Schönhardt A. , Begoin M. , Richter A. , Wittrock F. , Kaleschke L. , Gómez Martín J. C. , Burrows J. P.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. This article reports on satellite observations of iodine monoxide (IO) and bromine monoxide (BrO). The region of interest is Antarctica in the time between spring and autumn. Both molecules, IO and BrO, are reactive halogen species and strongly influence tropospheric composition. As a result, a better understanding of their spatial distribution and temporal evolution is necessary to assess accurately their role in tropospheric chemistry. Especially in the case of IO, information on its present magnitude, spatial distribution patterns and source regions is still sparse. The present study is based on six years of SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY) data recorded in nadir viewing geometry. Multi-year averages of monthly mean IO columns are presented and compared to the distributions of BrO. Influences of the IO air mass factor and the IO absorption cross section temperature dependence on the absolute vertical columns are discussed. The long-term observations of IO and BrO columns yield new insight into the temporal and spatial variation of IO above the Antarctic region. The occurrence of IO on Antarctic sea ice in late spring (November) is discovered and presented. In addition, the comparison between IO and BrO distributions show many differences, which argues for different mechanisms and individual nature of the release of the two halogen oxide precursors. The state of the ecosystem, in particular the changing condition of the sea ice in late spring, is used to explain the observations of the IO behaviour over Antarctica and the differences between IO and BrO distributions.
Global CFC-11 (CFCl3) and CFC-12 (CF2Cl2) measurements with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS): retrieval, climatologies and trends
Authors: Kellmann S. , von Clarmann T. , Stiller G. P. , Eckert E. , Glatthor N. , Höpfner M. , Kiefer M. , Orphal J. , Funke B. , Grabowski U. , Linden A. , Dutton G. S. , Elkins J. W.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Vertical profiles of CFC-11 (CFCl3) and CFC-12 (CF2Cl2) have been measured with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) with global coverage under daytime and nighttime conditions. The profile retrieval is based on constrained nonlinear least squares fitting of measured limb spectral radiance to modeled spectra. CFC-11 is measured in its ν4-band at 850 cm−1, and CFC-12 is analyzed in its ν6-band at 922 cm−1. To stabilize the retrievals, a Tikhonov-type smoothing constraint is applied. Main retrieval error sources are measurement noise and elevation pointing uncertainties. The estimated CFC-11 retrieval errors including noise and parameter errors but excluding spectroscopic data uncertainties are below 10 pptv in the middle stratosphere, depending on altitude, the MIPAS measurement mode and the actual atmospheric situation. For CFC-12 the total retrieval errors are below 28 pptv at an altitude resolution varying from 3 to 5 km. Time series of altitude/latitude bins were fitted by a simple parametric approach including constant and linear terms, a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) proxy and sine and cosine terms of several periods. In the time series from 2002 to 2011, quasi-biennial and annual oscillations are clearly visible. A decrease of stratospheric CFC mixing ratios in response to the Montreal Protocol is observed for most altitudes and latitudes. However, the trends differ from the trends measured in the troposphere, they are even positive at some latitudes and altitudes, and can in some cases only be explained by decadal changes in atmospheric age of air spectra or vertical mixing patterns.
Changes in runoff time series in Thuringia, Germany – Mann-Kendall trend test and extreme value analysis
Authors: Danneberg J.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Qualified knowledge about the impacts of climate change on hydrology is needed for the derivation of adaptation measures in the water sector. As temperature and precipitation time series in Thuringia, Germany of the last 50 years reveal that the climate is becoming warmer and drier in summer and wetter in winter, the question of changes in runoff time series arises. In the presented study, simple robust analysis approaches to detect changes in runoff characteristics are applied. A selection of 19 anthropogenically undisturbed Thuringian catchments with daily runoff time series of up to 78 years without gaps, covering different landscapes and climatic conditions in Thuringia, is made. Indicators of mean, high, and low runoff in the hydrological year, winter and summer are derived and tested for trends, using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test. To analyze the impact of significant lag-1 autocorrelation (AR) in the series, a prior removal of AR from the series before testing for trend (trend-free-pre-whitening) is performed. Results show that removal of AR has only minor influence on test results and is therefore considered as not necessary. Mean flow and high flow indicators in annual and winter time frame show increasing trends, escpecially in catchments in the higher regions of Thuringia like the Thuringian forest. In summer, all indicators show decreasing trends, especially in the drier central and northern Thuringian basin area. In order to assess changes in floods, 8 gauges, covering the 50-year time period 1949–1999, are selected. Annual maximum flow series are derived for the hydrological year, winter and summer. After fitting of 8 theoretical distributions to the samples by the method of L-moments, 3 goodness-of-fit tests are applied. Flood quantiles for the return periods 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years are calculated from means of well fitted distributions for all gauges. To analyze change in flood values, the relative difference of flood quantiles in 2 time periods, 1949–1979 (TP 1) and 1969–1999 (TP 2), with respect to the whole time period 1949–1999 are calculated. Results show that flood values have increased in the later time period in annual and winter time frame and have decreased in summer.
Calibration of the SBUV version 8.6 ozone data product
Authors: DeLand M. T. , Taylor S. L. , Huang L. K. , Fisher B. L.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. This paper describes the calibration process for the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) Version 8.6 (V8.6) ozone data product. Eight SBUV instruments have flown on NASA and NOAA satellites since 1970, and a continuous data record is available since November 1978. The accuracy of ozone trends determined from these data depends on the calibration and long-term characterization of each instrument. V8.6 calibration adjustments are determined at the radiance level, and do not rely on comparison of retrieved ozone products with other instruments. The primary SBUV instrument characterization is based on prelaunch laboratory tests and dedicated on-orbit calibration measurements. We supplement these results with "soft" calibration techniques using carefully chosen subsets of radiance data and information from the retrieval algorithm output to validate each instrument's calibration. The estimated long-term uncertainty in albedo is approximately ±0.8–1.2% (1σ) for most of the instruments. The overlap between these instruments and the Shuttle SBUV (SSBUV) data allows us to intercalibrate the SBUV instruments to produce a coherent V8.6 data set covering more than 32 yr. The estimated long-term uncertainty in albedo is less than 3% over this period.
Spatio-temporal structure of Alfvén waves excited by a sudden impulse localized on an L-shell
Authors: Klimushkin D. Yu. , Mager P. N. , Glassmeier K.-H.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. This paper is concerned with the spatial structure and temporal evolution of the azimuthally small scale Alfvén wave generated by a sudden impulse concentrated on a given magnetic shell. At the outset, both poloidal and toroidal components are present in the wave's magnetic field. The oscillation in the poloidal component on a given magnetic shell is a superposition of two monochromatic oscillations, one with the local resonance frequency on this shell, and the other with the frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency on the source surface. The superposition of these two oscillations leads to beating. Due to phase mixing, the poloidal component of the oscillation decreases with time down to zero, transferring its energy to the toroidal component. Beating in the toroidal component is less pronounced. As time elapses, energy concentration near the source magnetic shell occurs with the frequency of the oscillation corresponding to the Alfvénic resonance frequency on this surface. Outside this thin region wave amplitudes become rather small at oscillation frequencies corresponding to the local resonance frequency of the respective magnetic shell.
Homogenization of Portuguese long-term temperature data series: Lisbon, Coimbra and Porto
Authors: Morozova A. L. , Valente M. A.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Three long-term temperature data series measured in Portugal were studied to detect and correct non-climatic homogeneity breaks and are now available for future studies of climate variability. Series of monthly minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) temperatures measured in the three Portuguese meteorological stations of Lisbon (from 1856 to 2008), Coimbra (from 1865 to 2005) and Porto (from 1888 to 2001) were studied to detect and correct non-climatic homogeneity breaks. These series together with monthly series of average temperature (Taver) and temperature range (DTR) derived from them were tested in order to detect homogeneity breaks, using, firstly, metadata, secondly, a visual analysis and, thirdly, four widely used homogeneity tests: von Neumann ratio test, Buishand test, standard normal homogeneity test and Pettitt test. The homogeneity tests were used in absolute (using temperature series themselves) and relative (using sea-surface temperature anomalies series obtained from HadISST2 close to the Portuguese coast or already corrected temperature series as reference series) modes. We considered the Tmin, Tmax and DTR series as most informative for the detection of homogeneity breaks due to the fact that Tmin and Tmax could respond differently to changes in position of a thermometer or other changes in the instrument's environment; Taver series have been used, mainly, as control. The homogeneity tests show strong inhomogeneity of the original data series, which could have both internal climatic and non-climatic origins. Homogeneity breaks which have been identified by the last three mentioned homogeneity tests were compared with available metadata containing data, such as instrument changes, changes in station location and environment, observing procedures, etc. Significant homogeneity breaks (significance 95% or more) that coincide with known dates of instrumental changes have been corrected using standard procedures. It was also noted that some significant homogeneity breaks, which could not be connected to the known dates of any changes in the park of instruments or stations location and environment, could be caused by large volcanic eruptions. The corrected series were again tested for homogeneity: the corrected series were considered free of non-climatic breaks when the tests of most of monthly series showed no significant (significance 95% or more) homogeneity breaks that coincide with dates of known instrument changes. Corrected series are now available in the frame of ERA-CLIM FP7 project for future studies of climate variability (http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.785377).
Copula-based assimilation of radar and gauge information to derive bias-corrected precipitation fields
Authors: Vogl S. , Laux P. , Qiu W. , Mao G. , Kunstmann H.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. This study addresses the problem of combining radar information and gauge measurements. Gauge measurements are the best available source of absolute rainfall intensity albeit their spatial availability is limited. Precipitation information obtained by radar mimics well the spatial patterns but is biased for their absolute values. In this study copula models are used to describe the dependence structure between gauge observations and rainfall derived from radar reflectivity at the corresponding grid cells. After appropriate time series transformation to generate "iid" variates, only the positive pairs (radar >0, gauge >0) of the residuals are considered. As not each grid cell can be assigned to one gauge, the integration of point information, i.e. gauge rainfall intensities, is achieved by considering the structure and the strength of dependence between the radar pixels and all the gauges within the radar image. Two different approaches, namely Maximum Theta and Multiple Theta, are presented. They finally allow for generating precipitation fields that mimic the spatial patterns of the radar fields and correct them for biases in their absolute rainfall intensities. The performance of the approach, which can be seen as a bias-correction for radar fields, is demonstrated for the Bavarian Alps. The bias-corrected rainfall fields are compared to a field of interpolated gauge values (ordinary kriging) and are validated with available gauge measurements. The simulated precipitation fields are compared to an operationally corrected radar precipitation field (RADOLAN). The copula-based approach performs similarly well as indicated by different validation measures and successfully corrects for errors in the radar precipitation.
A Defense of Just Cause Dismissal Rules
Authors: McCall John J.
Published: July 2012

The United States is distinctive among advanced economies in that its employment laws and practices are governed by Employment at Will (EAW). Most other nations have variations on Just Cause dismissal rules. I argue that the U.S. preference for EAW is unsupported by concerns about net social or economic consequences. More centrally, I argue that the basic moral commitments that underlie the U.S. system of private property and freedom of contract are commitments that lend support to Just Cause over EAW.
Boundaryless Careers and Employability Obligations
Authors: Van Buren Harry J.
Published: July 2012

Boundaryless careers may be beneficial to people with rare and valuable skills, but might prove harmful to many others. The idea ofemployabilityas an ethical responsibility of employers to employees is introduced; it is argued that attention to employability in private practice and public policy partially resolves the ethical problems inherent to in boundaryless careers. Because employability programs are considered to be voluntary, some means of holding employers accountable for such responsibilities needs to be considered when discussing boundaryless careers. Implications for practice and public policy are also discussed.
What Stakeholder Theory is Not
Authors: Phillips Robert , Freeman R. Edward , Wicks Andrew C.
Published: July 2012

The term stakeholder is a powerful one. This is due, to a significant degree, to its conceptual breadth. The term means different things to different people and hence evokes praise or scorn from a wide variety of scholars and practitioners. Such breadth of interpretation, though one of stakeholder theory’s greatest strengths, is also one of its most prominent theoretical liabilities. The goal of the current paper is like that of a controlled burn that clears away some of the underbrush of misinterpretation in the hope of denying easy fuel to the critical conflagration that would raze the theory. We aim to narrow its technical meaning for greater facility of use in management and organizational studies. By elaborating a number of common misinterpretations – critical and friendly – of the theory, we hope to render a stronger and more convincing theory as a starting place for future research.
Corporate Social Responsibility: A Three-Domain Approach
Authors: Schwartz Mark S. , Carroll Archie B.
Published: July 2012

Extrapolating from Carroll’s four domains of corporate social responsibility (1979) and Pyramid of CSR (1991), an alternative approach to conceptualizing corporate social responsibility (CSR) is proposed. A three-domain approach is presented in which the three core domains of economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities are depicted in a Venn model framework. The Venn framework yields seven CSR categories resulting from the overlap of the three core domains. Corporate examples are suggested and classified according to the new model, followed by a discussion of limitations and teaching and research implications.
Employee Governance and the Ownership of the firm
Authors: Boatright John R.
Published: July 2012

Employee governance, which includes employee ownership and employee participation in decision making, is regarded by many as morally preferable to control of corporations by shareholders. However, employee governance is rare in advanced market economies due to its relative inefficiency compared with shareholder governance. Given this inefficiency, should employee governance be given up as an impractical ideal? This article contends that the debate over this question is hampered by an inadequate conception of employee governance that fails to take into account the difference between employees and shareholders. It offers a different, more adequate conception of employee governance that recognizes a sense in which employees currently have some ownership rights. The argument for this conception of employee governance is built on an expanded understanding of the ownership of a firm. The article also suggests new strategies for strengthening the role of employees in corporate governance.
A Kantian Perspective on the Characteristics of Ethics Programs
Authors: Reynolds Scott J. , Bowie Norman E.
Published: July 2012

The literature contains many recommendations, both explicit and implicit, that suggest how an ethics program ought to be designed. While we recognize the contributions of these works, we also note that these recommendations are typically based on either social scientific theory or data and as a result they tend to discount the moral aspects of ethics programs. To contrast and complement these approaches, we refer to a theory of the right to identify the characteristics of an effective ethics program. We draw from Kant’s ethical theory to identify three guiding principles of a moral ethics program and then apply those principles to the specific components of ethics programs as discussed in the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. Doing so provides insights as to how an ethics program ought to be designed from a moral point of view and sparks discussion of the moral aspects of ethics programs.
Qualitative Financial Statement Disclosures: Legal and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Shafer William E.
Published: July 2012

There is a long-running debate among legal scholars regarding the propriety and enforceability of SEC attempts to mandate disclosures of antisocial or illegal corporate activities that do not materially impact a company’s financial statements. This debate was recently revived by the issuance of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 99, Materiality in Financial Statements (SEC 1999), which suggests that quantitatively immaterial information relating to unlawful transactions or regulatory non-compliance should be considered for disclosure. This issue has important implications for the accounting profession, although it has generally been ignored in the accounting literature. This paper reviews legal and ethical considerations raised by the issue of qualitative disclosures, and also presents the results of a preliminary empirical test of the impact of such disclosures on financial statement users’ judgments. The results of this study indicate that investors consider the nondisclosure of immaterial illegal acts to be unethical, and reject suggestions that such information lacks moral intensity. The results also suggest that immaterial illegal acts have a significant effect on investors’ perceptions of the quality of corporate management and the likelihood of investment in a company. This effect was more pronounced when the illegal act was combined with self-dealing on the part of corporate executives.