bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Nativité dans La Passion d’Arras d’Eustache Marcadé : mise en scène et mise en image au XVe siècle
Authors: Mihoc Alina
Published: November 2020

The Arras Mystery Play, a play in verse structured in 4 days, presents, through the death and resurrection of Jesus, the essence of christianity to the audience whom it intends to instruct. Written before 1414 by the ecclesiastical Eustache Marcadé, the text is kept in one of the most important illuminated manuscripts of the Medieval European theatre, used for silent devotion. One of the play’s central episodes is the Nativity of Christ, event that is staged through text and image montage. The presence of the two midwives in the stable of Bethlehem, apparently useless because Mary didn’t need help to gave birth to her child, is essential in the text. The extraordinary birth of Jesus is emphasized thanks to Salomée’s disbelief: she didn’t believe in the miracle of Mary’s virginity. Her doubt reinforces the truth of this mystery and it presents itself like a reception lesson: the good manners of believing and seeing the Incarnation mystery are revealed to the readers.
“Daddy, can’t you see we are burning?” Traumatic Time and Parental Responsibility in Kenneth Lonergan’s Manchester by the Sea
Authors: Moutafidou Lona
Published: November 2020

In Kenneth Lonergan’s film Manchester by the Sea, screened in 2016, Lee commits a life-changing mistake: on his way to the mini-market, he forgets to put the screen on the fireplace. Upon his return, he becomes a numbed witness to the spectacle of his own family tragedy as the authorities remove his children’s bodies from the burning house scene. This significant event is represented through a sequence of flashbacks, which designates said cinematic device as one of the film’s most important features. Indeed, in The Trauma Question, Roger Luckhurst approaches the flashback as “the cinema’s rendition of the frozen moment of the traumatic impact . . . flash[ing] back insistently in the present because the image cannot yet or perhaps ever be narrativized as past.” Years after the incident, and still unable to address the wound of his parental negligence and child-death trauma, Lee dreams of his dead daughter suggestively asking, “Daddy, can’t you see we are burning?” The question echoes the one from Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams, where another father dreams of his dead child being burnt. In Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History, Cathy Caruth examines Freud and Lacan’s analysis of this question as to the significance of grief articulation, trauma coping and trauma persistence in sleep and awaken reality. The purpose of this article is to examine anachrony as a feature which exalts the dysfunctional inertia of a present life and of a traumatized mind afflicted by events which have been impossible to either register, integrate or narrate. Secondly, the article will try to unearth the mechanics of Lee’s grief and guilt via his daughter’s question. Emphasis will be placed on Lee’s inability to assume what Caruth calls the “ethical burden of survival” when asked to be his orphaned nephew’s guardian. This will be viewed as a reminder of Lee’s failure as a parent and as a challenge and invitation for the character to recover from the vacuum of his current death-in-life.
Word Havens: Reading One’s Way out of Trauma in Contemporary Fiction
Authors: Opreanu Lucia
Published: November 2020

Prompted by the attention received in recent years by the collateral benefits of reading and the growing prominence of bibliotherapy in the literary marketplace, this paper aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of books as they emerge from the experience of fictional characters, a perhaps less scientifically sound endeavour than empirical studies and clinical trials targeting real-life readers but one likely to occasion interesting perspectives on reading as a coping mechanism in the face of trauma. By focusing on a variety of reading experiences gleaned from a selection of novels ranging from Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein to William Styron’s Sophie’s Choice, Graham Swift’s Waterland, Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient, Azar Nafisi’s Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books, Markus Zusak’s The Book Thief, Lloyd Jones’ Mister Pip and Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows’ The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society and targeting acts of solitary communion with narrative as well as illicit seminars, informal book clubs and impromptu public readings, the analysis intends to highlight the extent to which literature can provide more than a mere pastime or intellectual challenge to its most vulnerable readers. Whether such benefits entail a sense of community, a temporary shelter from the hardships of war, a reprieve from the abuses of a totalitarian government or sanctuary from the less brutal but nevertheless haunting scars of broken relationships, parental disapproval or social rejection, the ultimate goal is to identify and assess the various survival strategies employed within these fictional universes. The
Three Voices in the Wake of an Earthquake
Authors: Solis Luis
Published: November 2020

Like practically every single country, Mexico has had its fair share of pain and trauma. Bloodshed and utter devastation are rife in Mexico’s modern history. To civil wars and —in recent years— drug-related violence, one has to add the destruction and horror caused by earthquakes. The seism that devastated Mexico City on the 19th of September was the most destructive and painful in living memory. As an uncanny coincidence, also on the 19th of September, but in 2017, another earthquake hit the capital. Perhaps not surprisingly, Mexican novelists and poets have written profusely about their country’s long history of seismic destruction. Poet and journalist Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera —who ushered Mexican letters into Modernism— chronicled the earthquake of the 2nd of November 1894. For his part, Juan Rulfo — arguably Mexico’s most important fiction writer of the twentieth century— penned the “The Day of the Earthquake”, included in his collection of short stories The Plain in Flames, published in 1953. Rulfo uses a natural disaster and its toll as a metaphor for the unbridgeable gap between the political elites and the dispossessed. Finally, José Emilio Pacheco published a series of poems on the 1985 earthquake, the aftermath of which was felt not only in terms of human suffering, but also as a watershed event that ultimately resulted in social and political upheaval. An idiosyncratic brand of humour, trenchant criticism, and a sense of the ineffable before the enormity of utter devastation are some of the ways three of Mexico’s best poets and writers have found to cope with catastrophe and trauma.
The Unreliable Narrator as a Precedent to the Post-Truth Era: Subjective Personal Memory in the Literary Autobiographies of Eudora Welty and Tom Robbins
Authors: Bachratá Dorotka
Published: November 2020

Trying to find the roots of the current post-truth era, one possible path of origin presents itself when it comes to the literary tradition: the unreliable narrator. How does this phenomenon project itself in such a particular place between fact and fiction, occupied solely by literary autobiographies? Eudora Welty and Tom Robbins, two prominent 20th century literary personas, provide a detailed account of their journey towards self-realization in two connected, yet very different ways. Their memoir and autobiography provides a detailed map of this journey. We can hence speak of positive trauma when it comes to recollection of successful literary careers. Imagination, memory and choice all play an important part in this unique narratives’ creative process. Understanding the relationships between these elements provides even more understanding when it comes to unreliability and our own perception of reality. What are the specific details of memory the authors put down on paper in order to make sense of their creative lives? How do we spot their importance? What role does memory play in the creative process of these authors? How do they approach imagination? What is their relationship with their own narrators and protagonists, a.k.a. themselves? Can we trust it? Dare we trust it? And if so, how do we do it as readers? All these questions are to be addressed and discussed in the following article.
Existence and Uniqueness Results for Volterra-Fredholm Integro Differential Equations
Authors: HAMOUD Ahmed , MOHAMMED Nedal , GHADLE Kirtiwant
Published: November 2020

This paper establishes a study on some important latest innovations in the existence and uniqueness results by means of Krasnoselskii's fixed point and the Banach fixed point theorems for Caputo fractional Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations with initial condition. New conditions on the nonlinear terms are given to pledge the equivalence. Finally, an illustrative example is also presented.
Nature Index Newsletter (8 September 2020)
Authors: AISDL
Published: November 2020

There are two types of people: those who have taken up a satisfying new hobby during the pandemic, and those who are watching a disturbing amount of Netflix. For inspiration, we spoke to a researcher who has managed to read a new scientific paper every day since January about how she’s done it and why it’s been enjoyable. Also this week, red flags to watch for when dealing with statistics, and a mesmerising animation of a ventilator at work.
SEMINAR KECAMATAN TURATEA KABUPATEN JENEPONTO
Authors: Mubaraqah Ikhwan
Published: November 2020

Kuliah Kerja Lapang Plus (KKLP) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dalam waktu tertentu. oleh karena, sifatnya intraku rikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi di perguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu (SI) harus mengikuti KKLP.
Konsep Ketidakberdayaan
Authors: Pardede Jek Amidos
Published: November 2020

Kondisi kehidupan di era modern semakin kompleks. Proses modernisasi sampai saat ini masih tampak dimonopoli oleh masyarakat perkotaan (urban community), terutama di kota-kota negara yang sedang berkembang, seperti halnya di Indonesia. Modernisasi sebagai proses perubahan sosial tidak dapat dihindari oleh masyarakat manapun, khususnya masyarakat perkotaan. Modernisasi memiliki dampak positif dan negatif. Dampak positifnya, masyarakat memiliki teknologi modern sehingga dapat mensejahterakan kehidupan manusia. Sementara dampak negatif dari modernisasi antara lain, dikarenakan perubahan yang cepat, maka tidak setiap orang dapat mengikuti perubahan sosial tersebut.
Review Jurnal Sistem Informasi Managemen Pemerintahan
Authors: La Ode Alala
Published: November 2020

Jurnal berisi tentang promosi kuliner dan pariwisata
LAPORAN PEMBAGIAN MASKER BERLOGO YAPTI DI DESA TAROWANG
Authors: Karmila
Published: November 2020

Kuliah kerja lapang plus (KKLP) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu. oleh karena sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi diperguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu (S1) harus mengikuti KKLP.
Directed coupling in multi-brain networks underlies generalized synchrony during social exchange
Authors: Bilek Edda
Published: November 2020

Advances in social neuroscience have made neural signatures of social exchange measurable simultaneously. This has identified brain regions differentially active during social interaction between human dyads, but the underlying systems-level mechanisms are incompletely understood.This paper introduces dynamic causal modelling and Bayesian model comparison to assess the causal and directed connectivity between two brains in the context of hyperscanning (h-DCM). In this setting, correlated neuronal responses become the data features that have to be explained by models with and without between-brain (effective) connections. Connections between brains can be understood in the context of generalized synchrony, which explains how dynamical systems become synchronized when they are (even loosely) coupled to each another. Under generalized synchrony, each brain state can be predicted by the other brain or a mixture of both.Our results show that effective connectivity between brains is not a feature within dyads per se but emerges selectively during social exchange. We demonstrate a causal impact of the sender’s brain activity on the receiver of information, which explains previous reports of two-brain synchrony. We discuss the implications of this work; in particular, how characterizing generalized synchrony enables the discovery of between-brain connections in any social contact, and the advantage of h-DCM in studying brain function on the subject level, dyadic level, and group level within one directed and dynamic causal model of (between) brain function.
Are meat options preferred to comparable vegetarian options? An experimental study
Authors: Pechey Rachel , Hollands Gareth J , Marteau Theresa
Published: November 2020

Background. Reducing meat consumption could lead to substantial benefits both in terms of health and environmental impact, but meat options may be more attractive to customers than meat-free options. This study aimed to test this. Methods. UK adults (n=540) were presented with a series of pictures showing two meal options and asked to select which they would prefer to eat right now. They completed this task for every possible pair from a pool of six comparator meat-based main meal options and six target options (66 pairs). Participants all saw identical comparator options, and were randomised to see the same pictures of target options but with descriptions that suggested they were either meat-based or vegetarian. Selections were used to rank the options for each individual from 1 (most-selected) to 12 (least-selected).Results. Vegetarian target options were ranked worse (by 1.23 places (95% CI: 1.02, 1.44)) than meat target options. Higher self-reported consumption of meat predicted worse mean rankings of target options when these were vegetarian, but not when target options were meat-based.Conclusions. The results suggest that meat options are preferred to equivalent vegetarian options and may be more likely to be selected. This has implications for interventions aiming to reduce meat consumption to make diets healthier and more sustainable.
Place attachment and acceptance of smart city technologies
Authors: Wnuk Anna , Oleksy Tomasz
Published: November 2020

Recent studies on smart cities have emphasised thatsmart solution initiatives should take into accountcitizens’ different needs and concerns. The main aim ofthis paper is to examine the role of different types ofplace attachment – emotional bonds that residents havewith their city – in predicting the acceptance of futuresmart city technologies. In our study conducted amongresidents of multiple cities in Poland (N = 627), wefound that while active place attachment (i.e. consciousidentification with a place) predicted more favourableattitudes towards enabling technologies, traditional(natural and unintentional) place attachment waspositively associated with acceptance of surveillancetechnologies regarding everyday monitoring and anti–Covid-19 measures. We also found that therelationship between place attachment and acceptanceof future technologies is partially mediated by the useof existing smart city technologies. The implicationsfor city governments and planners are discussed.
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Trees Planted Along Roadsides: A Case From Bhopal City, India
Authors: Dugaya Dharmendra , Srirag S. , Kumar Pandey Ankit , Paul Ankita , Dev Shukla Deependra , Deo Krishna , Sharma Nidhi , Verma Shivani , Nagaria Shourya , Guhaprasad Shruti , Chaudhry Pradeep
Published: November 2020

In the present article, we have discussed one such example from Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal campus where the amount of carbon stored, and carbon dioxide sequestered by the trees along roadside has been estimated. Importance Value Index was calculated separately for each species. Biomass and carbon stock of woody vegetation was assessed using a non-destructive method. Leucaena leucocephala, Schleichera oleosa, Dalbergia paniculata, Acacia catechu and Ficus religiosa recorded high biomass carbon content. The average stem density was 295 stems ha-1. Species-wise calculated average CO2 equivalent in the sample observed increasing trend with the increase in girth class from 20cm to 60cm but showing reduced trend in trees with girth class above 60 cm. The probable reason for reducing trend could be the variation in wood density of species towards the lower value of high girth size species such as Bombax ceiba, Samanea saman, Holoptelea integrifolia, Dalbergia paniculata, Lagerstroemia parviflora and Ficus religiosa. The analysis can be useful for selection of tree species with high wood density for planting in urban areas of central India to adequately mitigate pollution, especially the vehicular pollution. The incorporation of the same in the management plan of the urban green spaces would benefit the optimum utilization of carbon sequestration potential. Moreover, the suitable bamboo species, which is characterized as species of the understory of tropical dry deciduous forests, may be considered for the planting as gap filing and sequestration of carbon in urban areas.
Rise of Haemoglobin after Blood Transfusion in Children Without Active Bleeding
Authors: Shrestha Rupesh , Basnet Srijana , Gami Fakir Chandra
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Blood transfusion is a common practice among children with severe anaemia. A common assumption among physician is that transfusion of 5 ml/kg packed red cell will increase the haemoglobin of the recipient by 1 gm/dl. This study was aimed at assessing the effect of volume of blood product and hematocrit of donor blood in the rise of haemoglobin concentration after transfusion in children without active bleeding.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in 32 children aged between one to 15 years without active bleeding who received blood transfusion in Paediatric ward and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital in Nepal from December 2013 to November 2014. Haemoglobin levels before and after transfusion were compared and any adverse reactions that occurred during transfusion were recorded. Hematocrit of each donor blood was measured.
Results: The overall rise of haemoglobin after transfusion of blood product with hematocrit of 53 ± 8.9 % at the rate 14.5 ± 6.0 ml/kg was 2.7 ± 1.4 gm/dl. The rise of haemoglobin after transfusion of whole blood with hematocrit of 38.8 ± 4.4% at the rate 15.5 ± 6.9 ml/kg was 1.8 ± 1.2 gm/dl. The rise of haemoglobin after transfusion of packed cell with hematocrit 57.0 ± 4.8 % at the rate 14.2 ± 5.8 ml/kg was 2.9 ± 1.4 gm/dl.
Conclusion: This study supports the general consensus of 1 gm/dl rise of haemoglobin after transfusion of packed red cell at 5 ml/kg.
Kartagener’s Syndrome: A Rare Case
Authors: Richa - , Abrol Pankaj , Sharma Shashi , Madan Sakshee
Published: November 2020

Kartagener’s syndrome, an autosomal recessively inherited disorder, is a subgroup of primary ciliary dyskinesias. This genetic disorder manifests from early life which distinguishes it from acquired mucociliary disorders. Kartagener’s syndrome presents as a classical triad of situs inversus, sinusitis and bronchiectasis occurring majorly due to impaired ciliary motility. Here we report a case of a four year old female child who presented to us with repeated episodes of cough and intermittent breathlessness for the past three years. Clinical examination revealed bilateral coarse basal crepitations and apex beat on right fifth intercostal space in the midclavicular line. A thorough investigation revealed situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bilateral bronchiectasis. The patient underwent a high-speed video microscopy analysis which was suggestive of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Considering these findings, the patient was diagnosed as a case of Kartagener’s syndrome.
Differentiating Scrub Typhus, Dengue Fever and Typhoid Fever in Indian Children Presenting with Acute Febrile Illness
Authors: Chatterjee Saheli Misra , Mondal Suman , Mukhopadhyay Kaushik , Das Niloy Kumar
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The disease spectrum of dengue, scrub typhus and typhoid presenting as acute febrile illness is often a diagnostic dilemma to the clinician. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical features and laboratory parameters of children suffering from typhoid, dengue and scrub typhus and use these parameters in early identification of scrub typhus before conclusion is made from serological diagnosis.

Methods: A retrospective observational analytical study was conducted among children presenting with acute febrile illness in a tertiary care level hospital. Over the period of one year 113 cases were identified of which 39 were dengue, 44 were typhoid and 30 were scrub typhus.

Results: The mean age of the children was 7.45 ± 2.98 years, median was eight with an interquartile range of six to ten years. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. Symptoms of vomiting (61.54%), headache (46.15%) and hepatomegaly (47.37%) were significantly higher among children with dengue fever. A significantly higher number of children with scrub typhus fever had temperature above 40°C. The incidence of low haemoglobin, raised C reactive protein, raised ALT and low albumin levels were significantly higher in them. Children with acute febrile illness having temperature > 40°C, absolute neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio > 2 early in the illness were more likely to suffer from scrub typhus with relative probability ratio (RPR) of 25.68 and 10.57 respectively (p < 0.001). Children with WBC < 5000/mm3 were more likely to be suffering from dengue with RPR of 10.60 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Children with acute febrile illness with temperature > 40°C and absolute neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio > 2 early in the illness were more likely to be suffering from scrub typhus.
Management of complex palatoradicular groove in maxillary lateral incisor
Authors: Singh Ripu , Sharma Shivalal , Goel Khushboo
Published: November 2020

Palatoradicular grooves are the developmental anomalies that owing to complexity in morphology and extent along the root length, can be an aetiology for periodontal destruction, endodontic involvement or both. We report a case of a 34 years male patient who presented with a chief complaint of pain and swelling in his upper left front region of jaw since one month. Clinical and radiographic examination confirmed presence of periodontal-endodontic lesion with respect to 22. Endodontic treatment followed by periodontal debridement, regenerative procedures, odontoplasty and sealing of the groove was done. Combined endodontic-periodontal approach was successful in resolving the pathology with satisfactory and stable healing seen clinically and radiographically for upto six months postoperative.
Industry, Technological Progress and Development: The Case of Southeast Asia
Authors:   Researcher at the Research and Extension Directorate Universidade Estácio de SA, Rodrigues Manoel Goncalves , Costa Fernando Jose Pereira da ,   Independent Researcher.
Published: November 2020

Asian countries as Singapore, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, among others in the Southeast Asia and East Asia have been implementing industrial projects, which are accompanied by a clear process of progress and training human capital in terms of technology and innovation. These countries opted for development processes with a significant degree of direct or indirect state action, with strong investments in education and technology and innovation. This whole process would eventually promote an upgrade of these countries in terms of the system-world economy. Keyword: Asia, Technology, Innovation.
Spoils System Is Not Dead
Authors: Stančetić Veran
Published: November 2020

The paper analyses the development of the merit system and its effectiveness in the administrations of the Western Balkan countries. First, the development of the merit concept is described; its origin and genesis, as well as the positive effects it has had mostly in Western democracies. However, the basic hypothesis presented in the paper is that in most Western Balkan countries, the spoils system still remains a reality, even though the law stipulates the merit system. This hypothesis is demonstrated through practical evidence, as well as by comparing the merit system in the Western Balkans with that of Western democracies, in both a formal and a practical sense. The paper also analyses the negative consequences of this situation, as well as the benefits that the citizens would have in a merit system. In addition, solutions are offered, i.e., a model of reform that would overcome the existing situation.
« Almanach des honnêtes gens » (1788) de Sylvain Maréchal, ou penser un calendrier révolutionnaire avant la Révolution
Authors: Matyaszewski Paweł
Published: November 2020

The article presents the history and analyses the form of Almanac des Honnêtes Gens [Almanac of Good People] by Sylvain Maréchal (1750–1803), published a year before the Revolution. This work is pioneering in relation to the revolutionary calendar of 1793 — it proposes a very similar idea of breaking with the Christian calendar and introducing a new system of values and for measuring time in human history. In his Almanac, Sylvain Maréchal replaces the names of saints and patrons of the Catholic Church with those of philosophers, artists, writers, and politicians who, because of their lives and works, deserve eternal memory of their posterity. The idea of “new saints”, symbols of human wisdom and the power of the spirit, anticipates the dechristianisation movement and the idea of a “new time” that was soon to be promoted by the Revolution.
Investigation of the effect of solidification rate on microstructure of Al-0.13Si-0.3Fe DC-cast alloy using EBSD and DSC techniques
Authors: Elsharkawi Ehab , MacNeil Donald , Mrad Hatem , Chenc X. Grant
Published: November 2020

Direct chill (DC) casting is used to cast aluminum alloy ingots. Casting speed influences the distribution and types of iron intermetallics in aluminum ingot microstructure. This study attempted to identify and quantify the iron intermetallic phases in the microstructure of laboratory scale DC Al- 0.13Si-0.3Fe samples using differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Both stable and non-stable iron intermetallic phases were observed but to different extents in all alloy samples’ microstructure. Two different types of iron-rich, AlFeSi globular particles were observed in the alloy samples’ microstructure. As a result, an attempt was made to understand the formation temperature and composition of these small, globular particles. DSC results confirmed that the enthalpy change of phase formation is dependent mainly on the volume fraction of the iron intermetallic phase in the microstructure. A good agreement was observed between the quantitative analysis results and the DSC analysis, which supports the reliability of the quantitative methods used in this study. The results obtained in this study bridge existing gaps in literature on the effect of cooling rate on the selection of iron intermetallic phases, in general, and in the AlSiFe globular particles, in particular.
TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO (TDIC) COMO ESTRATÉGIA NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA: BLOG, UMA FERRAMENTA PARA POTENCIALIZAR O CONHECIMENTO QUÍMICO
Authors: Silva Leydiane Viana da Cunha , Cantanhede Leonardo Baltazar , Cantanhede Severina Coelho da Silva
Published: November 2020

Com o crescente avanço e utilização das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDICs), os mecanismos utilizados para o ensino de Química, têm se modernizado continuamente. Os blogs, por exemplo, têm apresentado bons resultados quando aplicados no contexto escolar, pois podem proporcionar conhecimento ao aluno e favorecem a prática docente. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta a aplicação e análise de uso de um blog, como ferramenta de aprendizagem para o conteúdo químico, modelos atômicos. Para a criação do blog, foi utilizada a ferramenta wordpress e a coleta de dados para a análise e viabilidade da utilização do blog, foi realizada a partir do uso de questionários no formato Likert, além de perguntas abertas. Cerca de 90% dos alunos avaliaram como positivo a utilização do blog e seu potencial na promoção da aprendizagem do conteúdo estudado. Os relatos dos alunos, apontam as potencialidades da ferramenta blog aplicada no ensino de Química.
The Level of Meningococcal Carriage and Genotyping of N. meningitidis Strains in the Group of Labor Migrants
Authors: Koroleva M. A. , Gritsay M. I. , Mironov K. O. , Fomkina N. N. , Koroleva I. S. , Gaponova I. I. , Esman A. S. , Bulanenko V. P. , Yanushevich Yu. G. , Shelenkov A. A. , Kaptelova V. V. , Mikhailova Yu. V.
Published: November 2020

Relevance. Population migration can play a crucial role in the spread of invasive strains of meningococcus, initiating outbreaks of meningococcal infection, and changing the incidence at the local level.

Aim. To assess the prevalence of meningococcal carriage among migrants arriving in Moscow and to characterize the antigenic and genetic properties of carrier strains of meningococcus.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in March 2020 at the bases of the Multifunctional Migration Center of Moscow and the Federal Budget Institution of Science «Central Research Institute of Epidemiology». Samples of nasopharyngeal mucus were collected from 352 people. Nasopharyngeal strains of meningococcus were identified and identified using microbiological, serological, and molecular biological methods.

Results. The overall level of the carriage was 5.7%. Of the twenty selected strains, 10 have a serogroup defined: Y – 5 strains, W - 3, A, and B – 1 each. The obtained genetic and antigenic characteristics do not allow talking about the import into the RF of representatives of known hypervirulent clonal complexes. In this study, strains were identified that are part of the clonal complex ST-175 complex, which has not been previously described in the Russian Federation.

Conclusion. It seems promising to continue the dynamic monitoring of carriage of meningococcus in various groups, including among people entering the country to obtain a migration patent, as well as identifying risk factors for acquiring carriage. The data obtained will supplement current information on the incidence of the generalized form of meningococcal infection and will be crucial for determining the epidemiology at the country level, the population groups responsible for the transmission of the disease, and the need for targeted vaccination.
Human Infecting with Tick-Borne Diseases on the Territory of Irkutsk City: 25 Years of Survey
Authors: Melnikova O. V. , Korzun V. M. , Andaev E. I.
Published: November 2020

Background. The existence of antropogenic foci of Ixodid tick-borne infections (TBI) have been registered on the territory of many cities during several last decades. The infected ticks’ biting occurs directly in urban conditions. There is a lot of publications devoted to ticks and their hosts studying in the urbanized landscapes, but much less data concerning human infecting after tick bite in these conditions.

Аim – the comparative analysis of the cases of human infecting with TBI within the city limits and beyond, and determination the sites of infection risk on the territory of Irkutsk.

Material and methods. The epidemiological investigation cases records from Irkutsk Regional Center for Hygiene and Epidemiological Surveillance have been analyzed: tick-borne encephalitis (TBE, n = 1607), ixodid tick-borne borrelioses (ITBB, n = 938) dated 1995–2019 and tick-borne rickettsiosis (TBR. n = 270) dated 2001–2019. Statistical analysis was computed in Microsoft Excel Software. The map of infecting sites is made in ArcGis Soft (ESRI, USA).

Results. According to the patients reports, 281 of all registered TBI cases during period under the review, occurred within the city limits. There were 115 TBE cases (7.2% of all TBE cases registered among Irkutsk citizens), 139 ITBB (14.8%) and 27 TBR (10.0%). 86.5% of the patients associate their disease with tick bite. There are no valid linear trends in the dynamics of TBE and ITBB from 2001 (with available information on all three infections) up to the end of period under the review, but significant growth trend in TBR incidence. The groups of patients, infected within and beyond the city limits, differ in some ecological and demographical parameters and also in structure of TBI morbidity. Tree area groups with different risk level for TBI contracting have been determined in the city.

Conclusion. Judging by the fact that TBI occurs annually on the territory of the city, it is likely that there are perennial anthropogenic foci within its boundaries, which must be identified and studied all of their components.
Estimation of the Potential Benefits of Meningococcal Vaccination in Children at 9 and 12 Months of Age Using a Predictive Mathematical Model
Authors: Briko N. I. , Volkova O. I. , Korolyova I. S. , Kurilovich E. O. , Popovich L. D. , Feldblum I. V.
Published: November 2020

Relevance. To address the issue of including vaccines against meningococcal infection (MI) in the Russian National Immunization Schedule (NIS), convincing arguments must be presented that demonstrate not only epidemiological, but also economic benefits.

Aim of this study was conducted to confirm them.

Materials & methods. For calculating epidemiological consequences, a dynamic predictive simulation model was constructed to compare the potential epidemiological burden of the disease in the current vaccination scenario (no MI vaccination in the NIS) and a new scenario involving vaccination of children aged 9 and 12 months with the MenACWY-d vaccine. The epidemiological outlook for meningococcal infection was assessed based on the dynamics of the main indicators of its prevalence in the General population that developed in previous years, taking into account the impact of double vaccination of children at 9 and 12 months on the survival period of each age cohort vaccinated in 2019–2034. The aim is to assess the predicted socio-economic consequences for different scenarios: while maintaining the current vaccination algorithm and including in the NIS vaccination against MI of all children aged 9 and 12 months using mathematical modeling.

Results and discussion. The greatest impact on reducing the number of clinical cases of the disease will be achieved in the age cohorts 0–1 years (-89%), 1–2 years (-84.5%), 3–6 years (-73.6%). Model calculations show that due to double vaccination of children under one year of age, 571 deaths can be expected to be prevented by 2034, which is equivalent to a reduction in losses of 40,509 years of life ahead and a social gain of 104.7 billion rubles in the monetary equivalent of the cost of these years (cumulative total). At the same time, taking into account the prevented cases of the disease, the total monetary equivalent of the benefits of society will begin to exceed the cost of vaccination earlier than in four years.

Conclusions thus, even an underestimated estimate of benefits that does not take into account the total amount of damage prevented (prevention of 571 deaths, loss of 40,509 years of life and 104.7 billion rubles in monetary terms of the cost of years of life to come), indicates the obvious importance of expanding the NIS and including vaccination of children aged 9 and 12 months from meningococcal infection.
Modern Practices of Vaccination of Children from Perinatal Risk Groups and Necessary Precaution
Authors: Kuznetsova O. A. , Golubkova A. A. , Bashmakova N. V.
Published: November 2020

Relevance. In perinatal centres problems of timely vaccination of newborns arise more often than in maternity hospitals, as vaccinations against viral hepatitis B and tuberculosis in accordance with the National Calendar are carried out in an early neonatal period and in time coincide with the stage of treatment and rehabilitation of the newborn, which implies medical withdrawal from vaccination. Vaccination of newborns from high perinatal risk groups is one of the problems of modern vaccinology and immunology.

Aims. On the basis of clinical and immunological characteristics of postnatal babies from mothers with gestational diabetes and fetoplacental insufficiency justify the necessity and safety of their vaccination in the maternity hospital of the perinatal center.

Materials & Methods. A cohort retrospective case-control study was conducted, and 135 birth and developmental history and newborn disease were analyzed. Statistical processing was carried out package «Statistica».

Results. The main nosological forms of pathology in maternity mothers and their newborn children, the volume of primary vaccination (against viral hepatitis B, tuberculosis) in maternity hospital in children with perinatal pathology and healthy newborns have been determined, and the reasons for medical contraindications to vaccinations against viral hepatitis B and tuberculosis have been established.

Conclusions. Newborns from high perinatal risk groups can be vaccinated against viral hepatitis B and tuberculosis in the maternity hospital within the time frame specified by the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations. In addressing this issue, the fundamental criteria are to assess the clinical condition of newborns from women with gestational diabetes and fetoplacental insufficiency. Changes in immunological values of umbilical cord blood and in children of 1 month of life are not a criterion for medical withdrawal from vaccinations against viral hepatitis B and tuberculosis.
Intuition, Evidence, and Carroll's Theory of Narrative
Authors: Frome Jonathan
Published: November 2020

Over the last thirty years, Noël Carroll has elaborated his theory of erotetic narration, which holds that most films have a narrative structure in which early scenes raise questions and later scenes answer them. Carroll's prolific publishing about this theory and his expansion of the theory to issues such as audience engagement, narrative closure, and film genre have bolstered its profile, but, despite its high visibility in the field, virtually no other scholars have either criticized or built upon the theory. This article uses Carroll's own criteria for evaluating film theories—evidentiary support, falsifiability, and explanatory power—to argue that erotetic theory's strange position in the field is due to its intuitive examples and equivocal descriptions, which make the theory appear highly plausible even though it is ultimately indefensible.
Cerebral venous drainage in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas: correlation with clinical presentation
Authors: Melo Neto João Ferreira de , Pelinca da Costa Eduardo E. , Pinheiro Junior Nilson , Batista André L. , Rodesch Georges , Bracard Serge , Oliveira Antônio G.
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are abnormal, acquired arteriovenous connections within the dural leaflets. Their associated symptoms may be mild or severe and are related to the patient’s venous anatomy. With the hypothesis that the patient’s venous anatomy determines the development of symptoms, the authors aimed to identify which venous anatomy elements are important in the development of major symptoms in patients with a DAVF.

METHODS

A multicenter study was performed based on the retrospective analysis of cerebral angiographies with systematic assessment of brain drainage pathways (including fistula drainage) in patients over 18 years of age with a single DAVF. The patients were divided into two groups: those with minor (group 1, n = 112) and those with major (group 2, n = 89) symptoms. Group 2 was subdivided into two groups: patients with hemorrhage (group 2a, n = 47) and patients with severe nonhemorrhagic symptoms (group 2b, n = 42).

RESULTS

The prevalence of stenosis in DAVF venous drainage and the identification of tiny anastomoses between venous territories were significantly higher in group 2 (32.6% and 19.1%, respectively) compared with group 1 (2.68% and 5.36%, respectively). Stenosis of DAVF venous drainage was significantly more frequent in group 2a than in group 2b (51.1% vs 11.9%, p < 0.001). Group 2b patients had increased prevalence of shared use of the cerebral main drainage pathway (85.0% vs 53.2%, p = 0.002), the absence of an alternative route (45.0% vs 17.0%, p = 0.004), and the presence of contrast stagnation (62.5% vs 29.8%, p = 0.002) compared with group 2a patients. In patients with high-grade fistulas, the group with major symptoms had increased prevalence of a single draining direction (31.3% vs 8.33%, p = 0.003), stenosis in the draining vein (35.0% vs 6.25%, p = 0.000), the absence of an alternative pathway for brain drainage (31.3% vs 12.5%, p = 0.017), and the presence of contrast stagnation (48.8% vs 22.9%, p = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS

Major symptoms were observed when normal brain tissue venous drainage was impaired by competition with DAVF (predominance in group 2b) or when DAVF venous drainage had anatomical characteristics that hindered drainage, with consequent venous hypertension on the venous side of the DAVF (predominance in group 2a). The same findings were observed when comparing two groups of patients with high-grade lesions: those with major versus those with minor symptoms.
Investigation of ventriculoperitoneal shunt disconnection for hydrocephalus treatment
Authors: Zahedi Sulmaz , Hudson Miles , Jin Xin , Garling Richard Justin , Gluski Jacob , Nowak Caden , Marupudi Neena I. , Begeman Paul , Harris Carolyn A.
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

This investigation is aimed at gaining a better understanding of the factors that lead to mechanical failure of shunts used for the treatment of hydrocephalus, including shunt catheter-valve disconnection and shunt catheter fracture.

METHODS

To determine the root cause of mechanical failure, the authors created a benchtop mechanical model to mimic mechanical stressors on a shunt system. To test shunt fracture, cyclical loading on the catheter-valve connection site was tested with the shunt catheter held perpendicular to the valve. Standard methods were used to secure the catheter and valves with Nurolon. These commercial systems were compared to integrated catheters and valves (manufactured as one unit). To test complete separation/disconnection of the shunt catheter and valve, a parallel displacement test was conducted using both Nurolon and silk sutures. Finally, the stiffness of the catheters was assessed. All mechanical investigations were conducted on shunts from two major shunt companies, assigned as either company A or company B.

RESULTS

Cyclical loading experiments found that shunts from company B fractured after a mean of 4936 ± 1725 cycles (95% CI 2990–6890 cycles), while those of company A had not failed after 8000 cycles. The study of parallel displacement indicated complete disconnection of company B’s shunt catheter-valve combination using Nurolon sutures after being stretched an average 32 ± 5.68 mm (95% CI 25.6–38.4 mm), whereas company A’s did not separate using either silk or Nurolon sutures. During the stiffness experiments, the catheters of company B had statistically significantly higher stiffness of 13.23 ± 0.15 N compared to those of company A, with 6.16 ± 0.29 N (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Mechanical shunt failure from shunt catheter-valve disconnection or fracture is a significant cause of shunt failure. This study demonstrates, for the first time, a correlation between shunt catheters that are less mechanically stiff and those that are less likely to disconnect from the valve when outstretched and are also less likely to tear when held at an angle from the valve outlet. The authors propose an intervention to the standard of care wherein less stiff catheters are trialed to reduce disconnection.
Microsurgical anatomy and treatment of dural defects in spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks
Authors: Matsuhashi Ako , Takai Keisuke , Taniguchi Makoto
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

Spontaneous spinal CSF leaks are caused by abnormalities of the spinal dura mater. Although most cases are treated conservatively or with an epidural blood patch, some intractable cases require neurosurgical treatment. However, previous reports are limited to a small number of cases. Preoperative detection and localization of spinal dural defects are difficult, and surgical repair of these defects is technically challenging. The authors present the anatomical characteristics of dural defects and surgical techniques in treating spontaneous CSF leaks.

METHODS

Among the consecutive patients who were diagnosed with spontaneous CSF leaks at the authors’ institution between 2010 and 2020, those who required neurosurgical treatment were included in the study. All patients’ clinical information, radiological studies, surgical notes, and outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. Outcomes of two different procedures in repairing dural defects were compared.

RESULTS

Among 77 patients diagnosed with spontaneous CSF leaks, 21 patients (15 men; mean age 57 years) underwent neurosurgery. Dural defects were detected by FIESTA MRI in 7 patients, by CT myelography in 12, by digital subtraction myelography in 1, and by dynamic CT myelography in 1. The spinal levels of the defects were localized at the cervicothoracic junction in 16 patients (76%) and thoracolumbar junction in 4 (19%). Intraoperative findings revealed that the dural defects were small, circumscribed longitudinal slits located at the ventral aspect of the dura mater. The median dural defect size was 5 × 2 mm. The presence of dural defects at the thoracolumbar junction was associated with manifestation of an altered mental status, which was an unusual manifestation of CSF leaks (p = 0.003). Eight patients were treated via the posterior transdural approach with watertight primary sutures of the ventral defects, and 13 were treated with muscle or fat grafting. Regardless of the two different procedures, postoperative MRI showed either complete disappearance or significant reduction of the extradural CSF collection. No patient experienced postoperative neurological deficits. Clinical symptoms improved or stabilized in 20 patients with a median follow-up of 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Dural defects in spontaneous CSF leaks were small, circumscribed longitudinal slits located ventral to the spinal cord at either the cervicothoracic or thoracolumbar junction. Muscle/fat grafting may be an alternative treatment to watertight primary sutures of ventral dural defects with a good outcome.
Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal direct access and Onyx embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula mimicking a carotid-cavernous fistula: case report
Authors: Karas Patrick J. , North Robert Y. , Srinivasan Visish M. , Lindquist Nathan R. , Gallagher K. Kelly , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Yoshor Daniel , Kan Peter
Published: November 2020

The classic presentation of a carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is unilateral painful proptosis, chemosis, and vision loss. Just as the goal of treatment for a dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is obliteration of the entire fistulous connection and the proximal draining vein, the modern treatment of CCF is endovascular occlusion of the cavernous sinus via a transvenous or transarterial route. Here, the authors present the case of a woman with a paracavernous dAVF mimicking the clinical and radiographic presentation of a CCF. Without any endovascular route available to access the fistulous connection and venous drainage, the authors devised a novel direct hybrid approach by performing an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal direct puncture and Onyx embolization of the fistula.