bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Istota judaizmu według Leo Baecka
Authors: Rabiej Stanisław
Published: January 2021

Tekst jest próbą analizy kilku publikacji Leo Baecka (1873–1956), niemieckiego rabina, myśliciela religijnego, lidera progresywnego judaizmu, m.in. rabina Gminy Żydowskiej w Opolu (1897–1907), gdzie w 1905 r. opublikował kluczową pracę Istota Judaizmu (Das Wesen des Judentums). Dzieło powstało jako odpowiedź na wcześniejszą publikację Adolfa Harnacka Das Wesen des Christentums (1900). Mimo upływającego czasu wiele treści przedstawionych w obu tekstach nie straciło na aktualności. Baeck był wyznawcą judaizmu pojmowanego jako monoteizm etyczny, który plasuje się jako pomost między szkołą racjonalizmu i egzystencjalizmu żydowskiego. Judaizm etyczny domaga się ustawicznej moralnej afirmacji w odniesieniu do świata przez wolne działanie, ponieważ stanowi miejsce życiowych zadań człowieka. Postawa afirmacji wyraża się w twórczej pracy, zmierza do zbudowania królestwa Boga, w którym ludzie mogą mieć swój udział. Ostatecznie polega na wznoszeniu się, rozwoju, wzroście i zwróceniu się ku przyszłości. W tej perspektywie judaizm rozumie siebie jako twórczą afirmację świata, aby w przyszłości stał się lepszy, a nawet doskonały. L. Baeck całym swoim życiem jako gorliwy wyznawca judaizmu potwierdzał troskę o spójność wiary w Jedynego i Świętego Boga z reprezentowaną postawą etyczną.
Encyklika Laudato si’ w perspektywie chrześcijańskiego Wschodu
Authors: Leśniewski Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

Encyklika Laudato si’ jest dokumentem papieża Franciszka, przedstawiającym współczesne problemy ekologiczne oraz zachęcającym do zmiany sposobu traktowania środowiska naturalnego. Choć jest skierowany do wiernych Kościoła katolickiego, to ma znaczenie ekumeniczne ze względu na fakt, iż problemy w nim podejmowane są istotne dla wszystkich chrześcijan. W artykule zostały przedstawione refleksje patriarchy Bartłomieja oraz jego dwóch najbliższych współpracowników, czyli prof. Johna Chryssavgisa oraz metropolity Johna Zizioulasa na temat encykliki Laudato si’. Są oni zgodni w swej ocenie, że encyklika ta jest ważną syntezą antropologiczno-ekologiczną napisaną w duchu ekumenicznym.
Non-Catholic Reactions to Veritatis Splendor
Authors: Nowosad Sławomir
Published: January 2021

A growing ecumenical awareness among Christian theologians and ethicists has found in John Paul II’s moral encyclical Veritatis Splendor a fresh impetus for a development of common studies of moral issues. Not few mainly Protestant ethicists expressed their com- ments on the way the Pope discusses and defines fundamental problems of Christian moral teaching. Some of those comments were apparently positive, at times even enthusiastic (e.g. R. Benne, S. Hauerwas, O. O’Donovan, J.B. Elshtain), while others displayed a mixed reaction to the papal teaching (e.g. L.S. Mudge. G. Meilaender, M. Banner). There were also some authors who approached Veritatis Splendor critically, some even rejected it alto- gether (e.g. N.P. Harvey, R. Preston, H. Oppenheimer).
Christian Alterglobalization: How the World Council of Churches Is Inspired by the World Social Forum?
Authors: Kopiec Piotr
Published: January 2021

Globalization becomes one of the chief issues of the activity of the World Council of Churches. As the biggest ecumenical organization, the WCC grasps globalization as being responsible for many tendencies that cause a global social and economic crisis: global poverty, global political instability, wars, economic depressions, crisis of the social institutions and a growing gap between the poor and the well-offs. As the driving force of globalization the WCC indicates the neoliberal free-market philosophy, the one, which is also assumed to be a tool of the global capital to achieve political power. This economic globalization is confronted with a so called alterglobalist vision promoted by the WCC. According to the Genevian organization, alterglobalism understands its objectives as a transformation towards more just social structures and social institutions. Many inspiration of the ecumenical interpretation of globalization is derived from the activity of the World Social Forum, the biggest platform where meet many alterglobalist organizations. Article discusses a basic components of Christian alterglobalism and inquires how they are inspired by the alterglobalist movement.
Kapłan jako słaby i grzeszny sługa w modlitwach Mszy św. liturgii zachodniosyryjskiej
Authors: Potoczny Mateusz
Published: January 2021

Posługa liturgiczna kapłana jest ściśle związana z rzeczywistością, która przez wierzących rozumiana jest jako „święta”. Taki stan rzeczy zakłada, że sprawujący najświętsze tajemnice kapłan powinien być doskonałym przykładem dla swoich współwyznawców. Jednakże ludzka natura kapłana podobnie jak każdego innego człowieka jest słaba i grzeszna. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi studium zbioru modlitw z liturgii Mszy świętej (Qurbono) tradycji zachodnio-syryjskiej, które odnoszą się do słabości i grzeszności celebrującego ją kapłana. W przebiegu liturgii wynotowano dwadzieścia trzy modlitwy i aklamacje odnoszące się bezpośrednio do osoby celebransa. Stając przed Bogiem, pozostaje on grzesznikiem, którego grzechy są wielkie i niezliczone. Teksty tzw. modlitw penitencjalnych uświadamiają go, że aby sprawowana przez niego liturgia była godną, potrzebuje on boskiego przebaczenia, gdyż tylko wtedy jego „słabe i grzeszne ręce” będą zdolne wypełnić kapłańską posługę na rzecz zgromadzonej wspólnoty i całego Kościoła. Dlatego też te modlitwy są recytowane nie tylko przez sprawującego liturgię prezbitera czy biskupa, ale także przez wiernych.
Sakrament Eucharystii we współczesnych dialogach ekumenicznych
Authors: Jaskóła Piotr
Published: January 2021

Artykuł prezentuje problematykę Eucharystii w  dokumencie studyjnym Harvesting the Fruits. Aspects of Christian Faith in Ecumenical Dialogue (New York 2009) opracowanym przez kard. W. Kaspera. Cały dokument studyjny oparty jest na sprawozdaniach z dialogów bilateralnych, jakie Kościół Rzymskokatolicki prowadził po Soborze Watykańskim II ze Wspólnotą Anglikańską, Światową Federacją Luterańską, Światową Radą Kościołów Metodystycznych i Światowym Aliansem Reformowanym. Dokumenty z dialogów pokazują centralną rolę liturgii, zwłaszcza liturgii Eucharystii jako początku i „szczytu” Kościoła. W czasie Reformacji nauka o ofiarniczym charakterze Eucharystii, realnej obecności Chrystusa i  święceniach kapłańskich stała się przedmiotem ostrych kontrowersji. Współcześnie dzięki biblijnej idei anamnesis dialogi ekumeniczne wytyczyły nowe perspektywy rozumienia Eucharystii oraz możliwości międzywyznaniowych konwergencji. Sprzyja im również ponowne odkrycie roli epiklezy. Mimo wielu otwartych pytań rośnie nadzieja na wspólne świętowanie Eucharystii.
Doação de sangue: experiência exitosa na campanha enfermagem está no sangue
Authors: E Silva Niedja Carla Dias de Lira , De Santana Priscila Cardoso , E Silva Naedja Naira Dias de Lira , Da Silva Pollyana Souto , De Vasconcelos Marcela Klyviann Bezerra , E Santos Cleoma Santos , Dos Santos Wellington Flávio Lopes , De Lima Luciene Regina
Published: January 2021

Esse artigo buscou relatar a experiência vivenciada por voluntários na campanha enfermagem está   no sangue. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, realizado a partir da vivência de voluntários na campanha intitulada “Enfermagem está no Sangue”. A qual ocorreu em uma cidade do Pernambuco, e durou o equivalente a uma semana, sendo finalizada com uma ação no dia 16 de junho de 2018. A campanha nasceu mediante o desejo dos estudantes em conscientizar a população para doação de sangue regular, buscando ampliar o quantitativo de doações, rompendo a barreira dos mitos e difundindo as verdades a cerca da doação de sangue. Permitindo que os não doadores entendessem a importância e quais os aspectos clínicos necessários para o ato. A campanha alcançou os resultados esperados, também permitiu uma grande integração entre os envolvidos. Além de, resgatar as pessoas que não estavam em dia com suas doações, trouxe novos doadores que se comprometeram com a causa, fazendo seus cadastros nos hemocentros.
Perfil de pacientes com câncer de próstata atendidos em um centro de oncologia
Authors: Andrade Mariana Gonçalves , Da Silva Iris Edná Pereira , Silva Dálete de Souza Coelho , De Souza Virgínia Ione Araújo , Almeida Faraildes Maria Cavalcanti , De Britto Lidiane Régia Pereira Braga
Published: January 2021

O câncer de próstata é a neoplasia maligna visceral mais comum no homem com exceção dos tumores cutâneos, cuja incidência tende a aumentar nas próximas décadas devido ao progresso da expectativa de vida. Embora os fatores de risco para sua ocorrência não estejam totalmente elucidados, a idade avançada, etnia e predisposição familiar representam fatores determinantes. O presente trabalho consiste em identificar o perfil dos pacientes acometidos com câncer de próstata atendidos em um centro de referência em oncologia caracterizando-se por um estudo descritivo. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado em 88 pacientes diagnosticados com câncer de próstata e analisados os prontuários dos mesmos. Pode-se constatar que houve uma prevalência de homens com idade entre 71 e 80 anos (47,72%), analfabetos (38,63%), casados (73,86%), agricultores (56,81%) e procedentes de cidades com até 20 mil habitantes. Com relação às variáveis referentes aos fatores de risco, evidenciou o predomínio de homens com IMC normal (47,72%), que não seguem uma dieta alimentar restritiva (70,45%) e no qual apresentam um alto consumo de gordura animal (52,27%), carne vermelha (69,31%) e leite e derivados (63,63%). O conhecimento das características dos homens acometidos com câncer de próstata na região poderá nortear políticas públicas direcionadas para essa população.
Enhancement Solubilization of Dutasteride using Microsponge Formulation
Authors: Taghi Hassanien S. , Abdulbaqi Mustafa R. , Jabar Esraa G.
Published: January 2021

Dutasteride (DU) (5α-reductase inhibitor) that is used for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), DU has low water solubility and poor oral absorption that classified as Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II.
This study aims to improve the physical properties of Dutasteride (DU) like solubility by the preparation of microsponge (MS). Microsponges are spherical in shape, sponge-like structure, polymeric delivery systems composed of porous microspheres with a large internal surface area. Nine formulations of DU MS had been prepared by the technique of quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion (QESD) and utilizing Eudragit S100 as major polymer and glycerol as a plasticizer that dissolved in dichloromethane where polyvinyl alcohol PVA serves as a stabilizer in the external phase.
The formulas were employed to optimize preparation variable factors include; different drug to polymer ratio, the addition of different concentrations of PVA, and stirring rate. Optimization was done using the response of production yield (PY), entrapment efficiency EE), particle size, and in vitro drug release; The results display that the best ratio of (drug: polymer) was 5:1, and the best rate of stirring was 1,000 rpm respecting the optimum characteristics of microsponge. The best-selected formula prepared (F2) was underwent to evaluation regarding saturated solubility, FTIR, DSC, and SEM and showed 1.28 folds enhancement in saturated solubility compared to plain DU, and was well fabricated with high entrapment efficiency (83.7% ± 1.37), production yield (85.61% ± 0.6), and particle size of 77μm. Moreover, the percent release of DU was 75.74 ± 1.5 after 4 hours, with good compatibility as confirmed by XRD, SEM, DSC, and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.
It can be concluded that the selected formula prepared (F2) of DU microsponge is reassuring and promising drug delivery with improved pharmaceutical physical properties.
The Inhibitory Effect of Garlic and Onion Root Exudates on Escherichia coli from Urinary Tract Infection and Molecular Detection of hlyA Virulence Gene
Authors: Al-Hayawi Anas Y. , Al Jubori Muna H. Sh.
Published: January 2021

162 urine samples were collected from UTIs during October to December 2017 at Saladin General Hospital. E. coli was 38.9% of the collected samples. Women are more vulnerable to infection. The resistance percentage to Chloramphenicol, Ofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Imipenem were 17% to 100%. The root exudates were prepared by using hydroponics with different periods: (7, 10 and 14 days). Onion (Allium cepa L.) root exudates have not any effect on the E. coli through the periods while root exudates of garlic (Allium sativum L.) gave the highest inhibitory effect at the period of 10 and 14 days. The virulence factors of E. coli were screened for the presence of hlyA through PCR and showed that all the resistant isolates could produce beta-hemolysis.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibitors Induce Stomatitis in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer (Review)
Authors: Abdulelah Furqan M. , Taghi Hassanien S. , Abdulbaqi Hayder R. , Abdulbaqi Mustafa R.
Published: January 2021

Metastatic breast cancer patients may acquire oral morbidity from therapeutic procedures. A common adverse event (AE) of the Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor is associated stomatitis (mIAS) secondary to mTOR inhibitor therapy, which have a negative impact on the quality of life, therapy adherence and health care expenses. A multidisciplinary team strategy is essential for reducing mIAS and capitalize on therapy advantages for breast cancer patients. We discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and natural history of mIAS in this review. In the context of promoting a coordinated team care approach to optimizing patient care, current and new management policies are outlined for the prevention and treatment of mIAS.
Types of Studies Reviewed: We piloted different research from 2007 through 2019 using the terms “stomatitis,” “mIAS,” “mTOR,” “everolimus,” “oral care.” and “metastatic breast cancer,” We have chosen papers from peer-reviewed journals reporting controlled trials and evidence-based guidance.
Results: Cytototoxic chemical or radiation therapy causes, clinical presentation, and paradigms of therapy can distinguish mIAS from mucositis. The continuum of patient oral health care may include specific preventive and therapeutic leadership approaches.
Practical consequences: Oral health providers are at the forefront of oral health care for patients who have metastatic breast cancer and are uniquely positioned to deliver patient education, to advocate precise reporting of mIAS, and to encourage early identification, monitoring and rapid intervention to reduce the serious and time-limiting dose of this manageable AE.
Stability Test of Glycosaminoglycan and Achasin in Snail (Achatina fullica) Slime and Its Gel Formulation
Authors: Shoviantari Fenita , Agustina Lia , Aditya Dimas
Published: January 2021

Snail slime (Achatina fullica) contains glycosaminoglycan, which can accelerate wound healing and achasin, which has antibacterial activity. The Objectives of the study to determine the stability of the protein in snail mucus in three different storage conditions. The snail slime stability test was carried out in two ways, namely the determination of protein content by the Lowry method and seeing the stability of the achasin and glycosaminoglycan proteins by the sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) method. In addition, the formulation of snail slime gel was made with a variety of gelling agents, namely Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) and Carbomer. Protein concentration showed a decrease in protein concentration, but the SDS-PAGE result showed that the decrease was not inactive protein (glycosaminoglycan and achasin). Further study should be conducted to evaluate stability in long time with different excipient and also the effectiveness of formulation in accelerate wound healing. According to the result, we are observed, the snail slime was successfully formulated into a gel with HMPC and carbopol as a gelling agent.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Azo Compounds Derived from Sulfonamides and Isatin Schiff Base
Authors: Al-Mudhafar May M. Jawad , Kamoon Rana A. , Omar Tagreed N-A
Published: January 2021

The present study deals with the synthesis of four different azo-azomethine derivatives; this is done by two steps; the first step is diazotization of sulfonamides (sulfanilamide, sulfacetamide, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfadiazine) separately, followed by the second step; the coupling reaction of diazotized compounds with isatin bis-Schiff base named 3-((4-nitrobenzylidene) hydrazono)indolin-2-one. The later one (bis-Schiff base) was synthesized by the reaction of 3-hydrazono-indolin-2-one with p-nitrobenzaldehyde. The chemical structures of newly synthesized compounds were approved on the basis of their FTIR, 1H-NMR, and CHNS elemental analysis data results. The synthesized azo compounds were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial potential using well diffusion method. All the target compounds were clearly inhibited Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, while only compounds 2b and 2c show antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most active compound among the prepared azo compounds against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans is compound 2b.
Salmonella typhi and Brucella melitensis prevalence Among Blood Donors Prevalence in Diyala Province
Authors: Salman Ansam D. , Ibrahim Raghad
Published: January 2021

This study was conducted in Diyala province from1 Nov. 2016 to April 1, 2017) and included (200) blood samples were used serological tests for diagnosis in the laboratories of Baquba General Teaching Hospital, Blood Bank Department for prevalence of infection by bacteria Salmonella typhi and Brucella melitensis among blood donors at the Central Blood Bank .
The study showed that the prevalence of Salmonella spp and Brucella in Diyala (69%) and (31%) respectively.The study also showed that the age group (31–40) is the most susceptible to bacterial infection also the prevalence of salmonella in the city is higher than the village where the incidence of Salmonella in the city (73.33%) and in the village (26.67%) . The proportion of infection with Brucella melitensis in the city (69%) and in the village (30%).
Development of a Novel Method for Quantitative Determination of Indomethacin
Authors: Albakaa Ali Rasool M. , Abed Nehad K. , Ameen Dina Saleem M. , Jabbar Zainab A. , Younis Amany S.
Published: January 2021

A new green analytical chemistry method using a Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy is proposed to measure Indomethacin (as cuprous complex); Designate, sophisticated, and proved for determination pure mode of indomethacin, and at dosage forms respective.
The present study was prepared quantitatively of the Indomethacin complex, and the molar ratio between the cuprous and indomethacin (1:1) is measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy, the maximum absorbance peak of cuprous complex was measured at (319 nm) in wavelength range (190‐900 nm), at range of the concentration (10–60μg.mL-1) the linear calibration curve was painted and show regression equation (Y = 0.0036X – 0.0054) and correlation Coefficient (R2 = 0.9999).
This study was validated and applied to the estimation of indomethacin in tablets from one company in Iraqi markets, when the wavelength and the analysis conditions were determined, no interference was found. It was concluded that the advanced method was accurate, sensitive, precise, and repeatable.
Leishman’s Dye as a Novel Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Chloramphenicol
Authors: Nabeel Sabeeh Jamal Sudad Raeek Othman
Published: January 2021

By reviewing the literature, there is no indication concerning the use of Leishman’s dye in evaluating drug compounds by dye-color bleaching; hence, it is the first attempt to use Leishman’s dye as a novel reagent in the estimation of chloramphenicol (CAP) by an indirect spectrophotometric method in bulk and in its pharmaceutical preparations. The method includes the use of a great amount of N-bromosuccinamide (NBS) in the acidic medium as an oxidizing agent of the drug under investigation (CAP), and then using the residual of NBS for Leishman’s dye color bleaching. The absorbance has been measured at 622 nm (the maximum absorption of Leishman’s dye). A linear relationship was obtained for the Beer’s law with the concentration ranges from 10 to 250 μg/10 mL with acceptable values of molar absorptivity 0.58 × 104 L.mol-1.cm-1 and 0.055 μg.cm-2 of Sandell’s sensitivity index, which mean a high sensitivity. An approved estimation of CAP in its various pharmaceutical formulations was found.
Formulation and Evaluation of Lycopene Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer
Authors: Khathuriya Rajesh , Sharma Shailesh , Jain Upendra K. , Madan Jitender
Published: January 2021

Aim: Lycopene is owned to carotenoids that manifest better pharmacological possessions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. As an outcome of very little water solubility, it has a restricted systemic absorption after oral route.
Methods: Lycopene-loaded sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) by hot homogenization method, using some alteration were formulated. The size of nanoparticles (NPs) was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading (DL), and drug release were calculated.
Results: SEM revealed spherical SLNs. High EE and DL were procured.
Conclusion: We formulated a stable lycopene-SLNs with better physicochemical properties.
Paper-Based Biosensor for Glucose and Paracetamol Sensing using Chitosan/ Graphene Oxide Modified Electrode
Authors: Wahyuono Ruri Agung , . Roekmono , Hadi Harsono , Imtihani Hilya Nur
Published: January 2021

This work presents the development of chitosan/ graphene oxide modified paper-based electrode for electrochemical sensing of glucose and paracetamol. Preparation of the modified paper-based electrode was described, and several characterizations using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out to evaluate the physical, electronic, and microstructural properties of chitosan/ graphene oxide layer. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was evaluated preliminary using impedance spectroscopy, and the electrochemical detection of both glucose and paracetamol in simulated urine was assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Impedance data reveals that the electron transfer mechanism at the electrode/ analyte solution interface occurs faster with increasing concentration of the analyte. CV-based measurements exhibit a linear response for analyte concentration ranging between 2.5 and 100 μM. In addition, irrespective of the analyte, the sensitivity increases with an additional fraction of graphene oxide in the modified paper-based electrode. The highest sensitivity for glucose sensing is 4.4 mA.mM-1, while the highest sensitivity for paracetamol sensing is 16 mA.mM-1, by using electrode coated with chitosan/ graphene oxide
(5%, %w) composites.
Formulation and In vitro Evaluation of Piroxicam Conventional and Hollow Suppositories
Authors: Al-Akkam Entidhar Jasim , Alwan Laila Abdulhussein
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop higher and rapid release of piroxicam from suppositories of different types (conventional and hollow) using different bases.
Methods: Thirteen formulas (F1–F13) were prepared (five were conventional, and the rest were hollow type suppositories) by using different bases, such as, witepsol H35, polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with different ratio and glycerinated gelatin. The prepared suppositories were evaluated for physical properties, such as, hardness, melting time, softening time, and for dissolution profile.
Results: All of the prepared suppositories had acceptable physical properties. The maximum percent release of piroxicam was 98, 97, 95, and 91% within 50 minutes were obtained from hollow type suppositories containing piroxicam in a solution form and utilizing witepsol H35 base (F10), glycerinated gelatin base (F13), PEGs 400:4000 (70:30) (F12), and PEGs 200:6000 (70:30) (F11), respectively. Also, they exhibited rapid release of piroxicam, however, F10 and F12 released 65 and 50% of piroxicam within 5 minutes, while, F11 released 57% within 10 minutes.
Conclusion: Hollow type suppositories containing piroxicam in a solution form can be considered as the most suitable formulas (F10–F13). So, hollow-type suppository is useful as a promising approach for enhancing the release of piroxicam to be administered rectally. Also, the study revealed that in addition to the type of suppositories, the type of the base, the grade, and the ratio of PEGs bases are other important factors affecting the physical properties of suppositories and the dissolution profile of piroxicam.
Study of the Synergistic Effect of Some Antibiotics and Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Plant against Salmonella typhi
Authors: Mohammed Ghaidaa J.
Published: January 2021

The rising issue of drug-resistant bacterial species has resulted in the failure of existing treatment systems for Salmonella typhi. Lately, a recent treatment strategy was sophisticated to control the problem by using natural products with antibiotics to promote the effectiveness of treatment. The aim of this research was to test the inhibitory efficacy of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyxes extract toward S. typhi without, and with the following antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim, coftriaxon, and norfloxacin, which were tested by the well diffusion method and disks propagation method, respectively, using Muller Hinton agar. H. sabdariffa cups (35 grams) were taken and placed in 250 mL of boiling water for 30 minutes. A series of concentrations of the aqueous extract were then made by dilution method (50, 100, 150, 250, and 500 mg/mL). The results showed that the extract of hibiscus had an inhibitory effect on the studied bacteria at each concentration 150, 250, and 500 mg/mL with diameter of inhibition 25, 27, 18 mm, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done, where the antibiotics ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ceftriaxon showed areas of inhibition of diameters 25, 31, and 32 mm, respectively.
The synergistic effect was then tested by mixing the aquatic extract of H. sabdariffa with the antibiotics; the results showed an increase in the diameters of the inhibition zones compared with the diameters in the use of each of them separately. The highest inhibitory zones were observed with concentration (150 mg/mL) of the extract with ciprofloxacin, and the lowest inhibitory area was recorded at (100 mg/mL) of extract with chloramphenicol. The lowest inhibitory concentration (250 mg/mL) and the lowest killer concentration (500 mg/mL) were also identified.
Association of Viral Hepatitis with ABO Blood Group in apparently Normal Iraqi Blood Donors
Authors: Hassan Suad Azeez , Alkutbi Suhair Hassan , Nassir Eman S. , Lilo Haider Hassan
Published: January 2021

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are counted as a public health issue worldwide. The virus is transmitted to infect others through blood and blood products. Appointed blood groups and Rh-positive are more prone to the transmission of the infection by blood transfusion.
The aim of this study is to find out the frequency of hepatitis B and C in apparently healthy blood donors and whether there is an association between ABO and Rh blood groups.
ABO blood groups and their relationship with HBV and HCV infections were studied in 87,124 blood donors of both genders. Out of these donors, 353 individuals were found to be infected with HBV and HCV with a ratio of 1:250.
The study was conducted between January to June 2018, which was presented to the Central Blood Bank in Baghdad and Al-Razi Medical Centre.
It found that most hepatitis B and C blood donors were blood group O with a prevalence of 33.7 and 45.5%, respectively, while the results for those with blood group A showed 28.5 and 22.7% HBV and HCV infections, respectively.
On the other hand, the incidence of HBV in individuals with blood group B was 29.8%, and HCV was 23.8%. AB blood group donors demonstrated the least incidence at 7.9% for both HBV and HCV. In conclusion, it has been found that there is a significant association between blood groups and Rh factor with hepatitis B and C infections.
Radiofrequency Endovenous Ablation: A Safe and Effective Modality for Varicose Veins Treatment
Authors: Alhaibi Yaser Aamer , Mutlaq Yaser Hussain
Published: January 2021

Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous superficial veins, causing aching pain, swelling, and cramps in the affected lower limb. The key behind having such a problem is venous insufficiency after valve failure in the involved dilated vein. Surgery was the standard procedure for removing these dilated veins. A new era of treatment emerged, where endovenous radiofrequency ablation is applied under local and tumescent anesthesia by the aid of Doppler ultrasound. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in treating varicose veins. Our center is the first center in Baghdad, Iraq using this technique for treating varicose veins. Forty-five patients with varicose veins were enrolled in a prospective study from October 2017, through March 2019, aged 20–56 years; females 27 (60%), and males 18 (40%). Their veins were scanned by Doppler ultrasound and were diagnosed as having venous insufficiency; a total of sixty veins were ablated by radiofrequency, fifty (83%) long saphenous veins, and only ten (17%) short saphenous veins. The patients were scored clinically using comprehensive classification system for chronic venous disorders (CEAP) clinical score, 75% of patients were C2-C4, while only 25% of patients C5-C6. The time for each limb was around 20 minutes. A 100% technical success, and an excellent vein occlusion rate postoperatively. No postoperative complications were noted. After 1-week’, 1-month’, and 6 months’ follow-up, there was an improvement in CEAP clinical score, an early post-procedure return to daily activities. Therefore, endovenous radiofrequency ablation shows excellent results in terms of safety, efficacy, and patient satisfaction.
Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Histology of Liver of White Male Rats
Authors: Almamori Firas F. , Alzubaidy Fakhir M. , Jasim Raad , Abed Dhulfiqar Ali
Published: January 2021

Background: Nanotechnology or nanoscience considers as a new field of science which has an effective role in the day to day life aspects. This field deals with the production, processing, and use of materials ranging in nanometers. Recently, this field becomes a confederate science that is usually used in other fields of science, like electronics, physics, and engineering.
Materials and methods: Study design starts with the choice of nanoparticles (NPs) [titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2)]. Eighteen white male rats were used in this research. Study groups classified into six groups (each group includes three animals): two control groups (for oral and i.p. administration) and four treatment groups (group I: treated with 400 mg/kg orally and i.p., group II: treated with 150 mg/kg orally and i.p.).
Results and discussion: Results of this research include the presence of some inflammatory cells infiltration (lymphocyte infiltration), as it showed in the figures of the histological sections of the treated groups compared with the control group. These results were found to be different than studies of other researches that refer to the presence of many undesired hepatic histological and biochemical changes, such as, the effects on membrane structure, oxidative stress, binding protein, or DNA, cell death or apoptosis, and hepatocytes necrosis.
Conclusion: In conclusion, Tio2 induce lymphocyte infiltration, but there are no additional deleterious histological changes in the liver tissue.
Thermodynamic Study of Adsorption of Tamoxifen Drug on Activated Nano-Coal Particles prepared from Stem of Eucalyptus and its Diagnosis by different Techniques
Authors: Yaseen Ahmed Taha , Alwan Liqa’a Hussein
Published: January 2021

The research included preparing nano-activated charcoal from the stem of the eucalyptus trees. The prepared nano-coal particles were diagnosed using various techniques, such as, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) technology.
The research included a spectroscopic study of the adsorption of tamoxifen on the prepared nano-coal, and the results showed that the appropriate concentration is 2.5 × 10-5 molar, with an appropriate weight of the adsorbent material which is 0.4-gram, the time of equilibrium is 40 minutes, and the percentage of adsorption efficiency increases with passing time, the adsorption process is dependent to a second-degree equation, according to the correlation coefficient (R2), which gave the value of 0.9999. Thermodynamic functions were calculated for the adsorption process at different temperatures (17.5, 27.5, 37.5, and 47.5ºC), and it was found that the adsorption process is a heat emission process (ΔH negative), the adsorption is physical because it is less than 40 kJ/mol, and the free energy is negative (ΔG), and entropy adsorption was negative (ΔS), meaning less random.
Synthesis, Antibacterial, and Molecular Docking Study of Novel 2-Chloro-8-Methoxy-3-Aryl-[1,3] Benzoxazine Derivatives using Vilsmeier Reagent
Authors: Shakir Raied Mustafa , Saoud Shaimaa Abed , Hussain Dhuha Faruk
Published: January 2021

Reducing of ethyl 4-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)benzoate (1) afford ethyl 4-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino)benzoate (2). Reaction of this compound with Vilsmeier reagent affords novel 2-chloro-[1,3] benzoxazine ring (3). The corresponding acid hydrazide of compound 3 was synthesized from reaction of compound (3) with hydrazine hydrate. Newly series of hydrazones (5a–i) were synthesized from reaction of acid hydrazide with various aryl aldehydes. Antibacterial activity of the hydrazones was secerned utilizing gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Compound (5b) and (5c) exhibited significant antibacterial ability against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, while the compounds (5a) showed mild antibacterial activity. Compounds (5d–i) did not display notable activity. The molecular docking of synthesised compounds were tested inside the pocket of bacterial gyrase enzyme target site by using MOE 2015 software, which acts as Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding domain bacterial gyrase enzyme pocket and novobiocin was used as reference.
Redounding of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. on BxPC-3, HepG2, and U2OS Human Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Al-Sudani Basma Talib , Mohammed Nadia H. , Al-Sultany Fadia H.
Published: January 2021

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate in vitro cytotoxic effect of aqueous extract from whole Cuscuta chinensis on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), biopsy xenograft of pancreatic carcinoma line-3 (BxPC-3), and children human bone osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS).
Materials and Methods: The anticancer effectiveness of the methanol-watery extract of C. chinensis Lam. was determined by using methyl tetrazolium bromide test (MTT) assay against cancer cells by using suspensions of BxPC-3, HepG2, and U2OS cell lines. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) was tested for each cancer cell line. BxPC-3, HepG2, and U2OS cell line death percent after incubation with extract for 24, 48, and 72-hours interval was compared with cisplatin death percent.
Results: The results showed that the IC50 of Cuscuta extract for BxPC-3, HepG2, and U2OS cell lines was 13, 6.5, and 0.73 μg/mL, respectively. The HepG2 cell line death%, when treated with 50 μg/mL Cuscuta extract at 24, 48, and 72-hour time interval, was 90.41, 91.45, and 92.93%, while cells were treated with 15 μg/mL cisplatin, the death percent was 88.8, 93.7, and 96.61%, respectively. The BxPC-3 cell line death%, when treated with 50 μg/mL Cuscuta extract, was 51.46, 83.37, and 91.28%, respectively, and when treated with 15 μg/mL cisplatin was 81.64, 88.02, and 96.67%, respectively. The U2OS cell line death%, when treated with 50 μg/mL Cuscuta extract, was 69.43, 69.75, and 88.89%, and was 74.1, 84.61, and 93.39%, respectively, when treated with 15 μg/mL cisplatin.
Conclusion: The methanol-watery extract of C. chinensis Lam. may have a potential role as an adjunct therapy for cancers in the future.
Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for estimation of Aspirin by Using Different Functional Monomers
Authors: Abd Fatma N. , Al-Bayati Yehya Kamal , Joda Baker A.
Published: January 2021

We have created a new technique with high sensitivity, low price, and high stability. This technique is based on a molecularly impressed polymer (MIP) using a functional monomer called methyl methacrylic acid (MAA) and styrene. Appropriate cross-linker and aspirin (AS) template to produce monolithic solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) fiber. Also, a polymer was created without selective binding locations, which was called a non-imprinted polymer (NIP). (SPME) all these analytical techniques used for the extraction, preconcentration, and selective determination of aspirin (AS) and its derivatives with Uv-vis double beam spectrophotometer. The firmness, stability, and durability of the manufactured fiber offer it its essential position in SPME. Specimens were obtained from Aspirin devices Analytic testing was conducted using UV-vis and Electron Microscopy Scanning (SEM) and FTIR. The relative normal deviations (RSD percent) for four drug-repeated studies for three readings are a range of (at 30-60 ppm AS) percent (1.20-3.61). The comparative recoveries (93.63-99.71) acquired for AS are within the range.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Some Transition Metal Complexes Derived from the Ligand N-Benzylimidazole Against Methicillin-Resistantt Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa)
Authors: Salman Abbas Washeel , Al-Saadi Zainab Nashaat , Arkawazi Hayder Dawood , Hardie Michaele J.
Published: January 2021

Metal complexes of the ligand N-benzylimidazole (BnIm) and their in vitro antibacterial study are reported. The complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ag(I) were synthesized by the reaction of the ligand with appropriate metal salt in 1:4 metal to ligand mole ratio. All the synthesized ligand and their complexes were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Further, the compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against a multi-resistance strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using ciprofloxacin as a standard antibiotic. In general, all the tested compounds showed antibacterial activities at minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) level.
Effect of Storage Period on Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized By Pseudomonas Aeroginosa
Authors: Hassan Ashraf S , Khalaf Khawlah J , Ajah Hamzia A
Published: January 2021

The present study demonstrates the effect of storage period on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their antibacterial activity. The result shows that the size of (AgNPs) which synthesis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 93.55nm after 4-72hour, and when storage about 2 years, we found that the size of AgNPs was stable and reduced to 69.0nm. Antibacterial activity against pathogenic microbes: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia sp,Streptococcus sp , Klebsiella sp, Candida albicans was performed before and after storage and found that AgNPs have activity against this microbes.
Extraction, and Purification of Peroxidase Enzyme from Peganum harmala Seeds
Authors: Al-Mentafji Hayder Nasser , Al-Fahdawi Mahmoud Hamid , Al-farras Albab Fawwaz
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to extract peroxides enzyme from Peganum harmala seeds; peroxides was extracted by using different extraction buffer solutions, then it was purified by three steps of purification includes precipitation with ammonium sulfate in a saturation ratio of 70 %, ion exchange chromatography through DEAE-Cellulose, and gel filtration chromatography throughout Sephadex G-100, and determine the optimum condition for extraction. This was performed by controlling the type and concentration of buffer, pH of the buffer used, and the ratio of extraction. The Sodium acetate buffer with 0.2mM and pH 5.0 was found to be the best buffer for the extraction of peroxidase. By using the extraction ratio for a plant of 1:3 (W/V), the specific activity was 195 U/mg protein. These three purification steps raised the specific activity to 235U/mg protein in the precipitation step with purification fold 2.3 and enzyme recovery 69%; the specific activity was increased to 243U/mg protein in Ion exchange step with purification fold 2.4 and enzyme recovery 23%, also the specific activity doubled after gel filtration step to 447U/mg protein with purification fold 4.4 and enzyme recovery 15%.
Mutagenicity Acridine Orange Mutagen On The Biological Activity of S.aureus Isolated From Tonsillitis
Authors: AL-Musawi Salwa Jaber AL-Auadi , Mohammed Nebras Rada
Published: January 2021

Study design of cases is a cross-sectional study that descriptive study design of 280 isolates collected from tonsillitis, the identification achieved by using Vitek2-GP.
The biological activity of antimicrobial sensitivity test of all 280 isolates against antibiotics including Ceftazidine 70(25%)resistance, 196(70%) sensitive, 14(5%) intermediate; Azithromycin 154(55%) sensitive, 28(10%) intermediate., 98(35%) resistance; Oxacillin 266(95%) sensitive, 14(5%) resistance; Cephalexin 238(85%) sensitive, 42(15%) resistance; Gentamycin 266(95%) sensitive, 14(5%) resistance; Ceftriaxone 238(85%) sensitive, 42(15%) resistance;Norfloxacin 252(90%) sensitive, 28(10%) resistance; Cefoxitin 266(95%) sensitive, 14(5%) resistance; Erythromycin 42(15%)sensitive, 238(85)% resistance; Cloxacillin 126(45%) resistance, 154(55%) sensitive; Imipenem 266(95%) resistance, 14(5%) sensitive; Vancomycin 266(95%) resistance, 14(5%) sensitive and Methicillin 280(100%) resistance, 0 (100%) sensitive) compared with CLSI(2013).
Radial caseinolysis assay and Fibrinolysis assay of Staphylococcal fibrinlysin achieved by quantitative screening of staphylokinase on plasma agar plate and semi-quantitative screening of staphylokinase on skimmed milk agar plate to limit fibrinolysis zone and caseinolysis zone around well on plat. Results showed variable degree of production staphylokinase, some isolates positive for production, another negative for production staphylokinase (staphylococcal fibrinolysin).
Induced mutation achieved by chemical mutagenesis when exposition S.aureus to different mutage of Acridine Orange (AO) chemical mutagen in dose (10,20,30,40,50,60) mg, the results of mutagenesis in optimum mutage (dose of mutagen) with increase production of staphylococcal fibrinolysin when occurs random mutagenesis was 75 colony (viable cells) viability in 30 mg.
Genotypic analysis of sak gene encoded for staphylokinase accomplished by using PCR, all results of S.aureus isolated from tonsillitis positive for possessing sak gene (400bp).
Synthesis, Characterization and Estimation the Biological Activity of New Mesomorphic Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Hamza Hussain A. , Jber Nasreen R.
Published: January 2021

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus that resistant to β-lactam antibiotics (e.g., Cefoxitin and Oxacillin). MRSA has a tremendous capacity to develop resistance to other classes of antibiotics and forming a real threat to patients. The process of exploring a new tactic of non-antibiotic treatments has become an urgent need. A bacteriophage is one of the possible treatments that strongly suggested. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria as a natural host with a bactericidal capability against multidrug-resistant bacteria that do not respond to conventional antibiotics. The current study investigates the lytic efficacy of phage-cocktail in vitro, specifically against S. aureus isolated from skin infections and find out the possible association of phage-antibiotic resistance. A total of 43 isolates of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus were isolated from skin infections. The isolates are distributed as (10 isolates of burn, 4 isolates of diabetic foot ulcer, 7 isolates of surgical wounds, 3 isolates of pressure ulcer, and 19 of skin and soft tissue infection). The isolates exhibited variant antibiotic susceptibility against 12 antibiotics (Cefoxitin FOX, Vancomycin VAN, Oxacillin OX, Rifampin RA, Chloramphenicol C, Nitrofurantoin F, Clindamycin DA, Azithromycin AZM, Amikacin AK, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole SXT, Ciprofloxacin CIP, and Gentamicin CN). A bacteriophage cocktail was isolated using a phage-enrichment technique, high titer phage lysate (5*109 pfu/ml) was obtained and investigated against 43 MRSA isolates. The phage-cocktail showed high specificity to S. aureus but variable susceptibility to 43 MRSA isolates. It was observed that there was no association (p greater than 0.05) between phage and antibiotic resistance of (FOX, OX, VAN, RA, C, F, and DA) where the significant association was observed (p less than 0.05) with (AZM, AK, SXT, CIP, and CN). Significantly, the more antibiotic-resistant isolates exhibited more sensitivity to phage-cocktail, which represents a promising alternative to antibiotics that do not affect with increasing antibiotic resistance.
Impact of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii and adipose hormones with Insulin Resistant on obese aborted women
Authors: Hassan Abeer J. , Mohammed Nazar Sh. , Shweash Muhannad , Hadeed Hatem M.
Published: January 2021

This study was carried out at Baghdad hospital in, for the period from November 2018 to July 2019. The study included (151) aborted obese women whose ages ranged between (18–41) years with positive Toxoplasma gondii infection. They were divided into two groups according to the body mass index (BMI) value: Group 1: consisted of 61 women with BMI less than 30, Group 2: consisted of (90) women with BMI greater than 30. The control group included (52) healthy volunteer women aged 19–41 years with negative Toxoplasma for comparison of the results. The case and controls were matched for age and gender. Serum samples were tested for fasting blood sugar, insulin, IgG, and IgM of Toxoplasma, Leptin, and Adiponectin as well as insulin resistance index. The results showed that the age factor was not significant between group 1 and group 2 when compared with the healthy group, and there was no significant change between group 2 comparing to group1. In this study, the result of BMI showed substantial increase in group 1, while highly marked increase in group 2 when both groups were compared with the control group. Finally, the levels of Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies showed a highly significant increase in the two patient groups in comparison with the control group. An increase in mean value of leptin concentration was noticeable in group 1 and group 2 with a highly significant difference when compared with the control group. No significant difference was found in the levels of fasting blood glucose in Group 1 and Group 2 compared to the control group. Also, a significant difference in HOMA-IR and QUICK- IR was observed in the patient groups once associated control group. Data revealed a considerable difference with the glucose/insulin ratio in group 1, but a highly significant was noticed in group 2 when compared with the control group. HOMA-AD results showed a significant difference in Group 1 and a highly significant decrease in Group 2.