bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breast-feeding practices and maternal employment in health facilities of Lira District, Northern Uganda
Authors: Omute Tom , Kirungi Gloria
Published: April 2022

Background

In Uganda, many working mothers stop breast-feeding before the end of the mandatory maternity leave of 60 days. Inadequate breast-feeding is a risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality. Thus, understanding of the factors that influence breast-feeding is essential so as to advocate for the appropriate breast-feeding practices. This cross-sectional study assessed the pre-lacteal feeding (PLF), early initiation of breast-feeding (EIBF) and exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) and the associated factors for PLF, EIBF and EBF among working mothers in health facilities in Lira District, Northern Uganda.

Results

Among 376 mothers who participated, the prevalence of PLF, EIBF and EBF was 23.2%, 67.0% and 43.9%, respectively. Mode of delivery was significantly associated with PLF (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.22–0.68, p < 0.01), while mode of delivery (AOR = 3.77, 95% CI 2.19–6.47, p < 0.01), length of daily working time (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.29–0.82, p < 0.01) and paid maternity leave (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.22–0.95, p < 0.05) were the statistically significant factors associated with EIBF. Age-group, income level, mode of delivery (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.09–0.74, p < 0.05), distance to workplace (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.26–0.78, p < 0.01), paid maternity leave (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.22–0.95, p < 0.01), breast-feeding space (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.16–0.59, p < 0.05) and breast-feeding break (AOR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.47–1.50, p < 0.01) were the significant factors associated with EBF.

Conclusions

Exclusive breast-feeding and pre-lacteal feeding among working mothers in health facilities in Lira District are lower than the national averages, but prevalence of early initiation of breast-feeding is higher than the national average.
Gut microbiota of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) vary across natural and captive populations and correlate with environmental microbiota
Authors: Bornbusch Sally L. , Greene Lydia K. , Rahobilalaina Sylvia , Calkins Samantha , Rothman Ryan S. , Clarke Tara A. , LaFleur Marni , Drea Christine M.
Published: April 2022

Background

Inter-population variation in host-associated microbiota reflects differences in the hosts’ environments, but this characterization is typically based on studies comparing few populations. The diversity of natural habitats and captivity conditions occupied by any given host species has not been captured in these comparisons. Moreover, intraspecific variation in gut microbiota, generally attributed to diet, may also stem from differential acquisition of environmental microbes—an understudied mechanism by which host microbiomes are directly shaped by environmental microbes. To more comprehensively characterize gut microbiota in an ecologically flexible host, the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta; n = 209), while also investigating the role of environmental acquisition, we used 16S rRNA sequencing of lemur gut and soil microbiota sampled from up to 13 settings, eight in the wilderness of Madagascar and five in captivity in Madagascar or the U.S. Based on matched fecal and soil samples, we used microbial source tracking to examine covariation between the two types of consortia.

Results

The diversity of lemur gut microbes varied markedly within and between settings. Microbial diversity was not consistently greater in wild than in captive lemurs, indicating that this metric is not necessarily an indicator of host habitat or environmental condition. Variation in microbial composition was inconsistent both with a single, representative gut community for wild conspecifics and with a universal ‘signal of captivity’ that homogenizes the gut consortia of captive animals. Despite the similar, commercial diets of captive lemurs on both continents, lemur gut microbiomes within Madagascar were compositionally most similar, suggesting that non-dietary factors govern some of the variability. In particular, soil microbial communities varied across geographic locations, with the few samples from different continents being the most distinct, and there was significant and context-specific covariation between gut and soil microbiota.

Conclusions

As one of the broadest, single-species investigations of primate microbiota, our study highlights that gut consortia are sensitive to multiple scales of environmental differences. This finding begs a reevaluation of the simple ‘captive vs. wild’ dichotomy. Beyond the important implications for animal care, health, and conservation, our finding that environmental acquisition may mediate aspects of host-associated consortia further expands the framework for how host-associated and environmental microbes interact across different microbial landscapes.
A pragmatic implementation research study for In Our DNA SC: a protocol to identify multi-level factors that support the implementation of a population-wide genomic screening initiative in diverse populations
Authors: Allen Caitlin G. , Judge Daniel P. , Levin Elissa , Sterba Katherine , Hunt Kelly , Ramos Paula S. , Melvin Cathy , Wager Karen , Catchpole Kenneth , Clinton Catherine , Ford Marvella , McMahon Lori L. , Lenert Leslie
Published: April 2022

Background

In 2021, the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) partnered with Helix, a population genetic testing company, to offer population-wide genomic screening for Centers for Disease Control and Preventions’ Tier 1 conditions of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, Lynch syndrome, and familial hypercholesterolemia to 100,000 individuals in South Carolina. We developed an implementation science protocol to study the multi-level factors that influence the successful implementation of the In Our DNA SC initiative.

Methods

We will use a convergent parallel mixed-methods study design to evaluate the implementation of planned strategies and associated outcomes for In Our DNA SC. Aims focus on monitoring participation to ensure engagement of diverse populations, assessing contextual factors that influence implementation in community and clinical settings, describing the implementation team’s facilitators and barriers, and tracking program adaptations. We report details about each data collection tool and analyses planned, including surveys, interview guides, and tracking logs to capture and code work group meetings, adaptations, and technical assistance needs.

Discussion

The goal of In Our DNA SC is to provide population-level screening for actionable genetic conditions and to foster ongoing translational research. The use of implementation science can help better understand how to support the success of In Our DNA SC, identify barriers and facilitators to program implementation, and can ensure the sustainability of population-level genetic testing. The model-based components of our implementation science protocol can support the identification of best practices to streamline the expansion of similar population genomics programs at other institutions
Spotlights on education and training in psychiatry: an international perspective
Authors: Elkholy Hussien
Published: April 2022

Training and education must be frequently reviewed and developed to match the pace of rapid advances in psychiatry, preparing current and future psychiatrists to cope with the increasing amount of knowledge and skill required. In this, there is a need to ensure that training delivered internationally meets a common standard. This is essential not only to provide equivalent quality of care worldwide, but also to eliminate one of the obstacles faced by international medical graduates working abroad. Having the basic skills to publish work and viewpoints is essential in this era of rapid development and technological advancement to ensure sharing of knowledge and expertise.
Cancer Registry Data Linkage of Electronic Health Record Data From ASCO's CancerLinQ: Evaluation of Advantages, Limitations, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Charlton Mary E. , Kahl Amanda R. , McDowell Bradley D. , Miller Robert S. , Komatsoulis George , Koskimaki Jacob E. , Rivera Donna R. , Cronin Kathleen A.
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE

To evaluate the completeness of information for research and quality assessment through a linkage between cancer registry data and electronic health record (EHR) data refined by ASCO's health technology platform CancerLinQ.

METHODS

A probabilistic data linkage between Iowa Cancer Registry (ICR) and an Iowa oncology clinic through CancerLinQ data was conducted for cases diagnosed between 2009 and 2018. Demographic, cancer, and treatment variables were compared between data sources for the same patients, all of whom were diagnosed with one primary cancer. Treatment data and compliance with quality measures were compared among those with breast or prostate cancer; SEER-Medicare data served as a comparison. Variables captured only in CancerLinQ data (smoking, pain, and height/weight) were evaluated for completeness.

RESULTS

There were 6,175 patients whose data were linked between ICR and CancerLinQ data sets. Of those, 4,291 (70%) were diagnosed with one primary cancer and were included in analyses. Demographic variables were comparable between data sets. Proportions of people receiving hormone therapy (30% v 26%, P < .0001) or immunotherapy (22% v 12%, P < .0001) were significantly higher in CancerLinQ data compared with ICR data. ICR data contained more complete TNM stage, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing, and Gleason score information. Compliance with quality measures was generally highest in SEER-Medicare data followed by the combined ICR-CancerLinQ data. CancerLinQ data contained smoking, pain, and height/weight information within one month of diagnosis for 88%, 52%, and 76% of patients, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Linking CancerLinQ EHR data with cancer registry data led to more complete data for each source respectively, as registry data provides definitive diagnosis and more complete stage information and laboratory results, whereas EHR data provide more detailed treatment data and additional variables not captured by registries.
Organ Preservation in Patients With Rectal Adenocarcinoma Treated With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Garcia-Aguilar Julio , Patil Sujata , Gollub Marc J. , Kim Jin K. , Yuval Jonathan B. , Thompson Hannah M. , Verheij Floris S. , Omer Dana M. , Lee Meghan , Dunne Richard F. , Marcet Jorge , Cataldo Peter , Polite Blase , Herzig Daniel O. , Liska David , Oommen Samuel , Friel Charles M. , Ternent Charles , Coveler Andrew L. , Hunt Steven , Gregory Anita , Varma Madhulika G. , Bello Brian L. , Carmichael Joseph C. , Krauss John , Gleisner Ana , Paty Philip B. , Weiser Martin R. , Nash Garrett M. , Pappou Emmanouil , Guillem José G. , Temple Larissa , Wei Iris H. , Widmar Maria , Lin Sabrina , Segal Neil H. , Cercek Andrea , Yaeger Rona , Smith J. Joshua , Goodman Karyn A. , Wu Abraham J. , Saltz Leonard B.
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE

Prospective data on the efficacy of a watch-and-wait strategy to achieve organ preservation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with total neoadjuvant therapy are limited.

METHODS

In this prospective, randomized phase II trial, we assessed the outcomes of 324 patients with stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma treated with induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy (INCT-CRT) or chemoradiotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy (CRT-CNCT) and either total mesorectal excision (TME) or watch-and-wait on the basis of tumor response. Patients in both groups received 4 months of infusional fluorouracil-leucovorin-oxaliplatin or capecitabine-oxaliplatin and 5,000 to 5,600 cGy of radiation combined with either continuous infusion fluorouracil or capecitabine during radiotherapy. The trial was designed as two stand-alone studies with disease-free survival (DFS) as the primary end point for both groups, with a comparison to a null hypothesis on the basis of historical data. The secondary end point was TME-free survival.

RESULTS

Median follow-up was 3 years. Three-year DFS was 76% (95% CI, 69 to 84) for the INCT-CRT group and 76% (95% CI, 69 to 83) for the CRT-CNCT group, in line with the 3-year DFS rate (75%) observed historically. Three-year TME-free survival was 41% (95% CI, 33 to 50) in the INCT-CRT group and 53% (95% CI, 45 to 62) in the CRT-CNCT group. No differences were found between groups in local recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, or overall survival. Patients who underwent TME after restaging and patients who underwent TME after regrowth had similar DFS rates.

CONCLUSION

Organ preservation is achievable in half of the patients with rectal cancer treated with total neoadjuvant therapy, without an apparent detriment in survival, compared with historical controls treated with chemoradiotherapy, TME, and postoperative chemotherapy.
“I Can't Do Anything but Wait”: The Lived Experiences of Children of Transnational Migrants in Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Beazley Harriot , Ball Jessica
Published: April 2022

This article contributes to debates about the temporal and affective implications of migration in Southeast Asia by presenting child-focused research concerned with children in rural Lombok, Indonesia, who have been “left behind” by their transnational migrating parents. The article explores the unpredictability of the temporality of migration and how parental absence can be indefinite or permanent, especially for parents who follow undocumented channels of migration. The article explores children’s lived experiences of waiting for their parents to return, often with no contact, and how multiple modes of waiting have become a distinctive part of children’s lives within transnational migrant communities.
Children's Bodies Are Not Capital: Arduous Cross-Border Mobilities between Shenzhen and Hong Kong
Authors: Waters Johanna L. , Leung Maggi W. H.
Published: April 2022

This article foregrounds and unpacks the significance of education in the migration of children in contemporary Asia, drawing principally on research undertaken in Hong Kong and across the border with Mainland China (Shenzhen). Using the example of cross-boundary schooling, the authors explore the role played by children in emergent transnational topologies and reflects on the significance of this for understandings of “migration.” The authors argue that while children are harbingers of future migration and their mobilities appear, on the surface, to function seamlessly, in reality their experiences of mobility are very immediate and embodied: corporeal, emotional, and invariably arduous. The arduousness and corporality of everyday mobilities for education are rarely explored in the extant literature, and this article therefore attempts to highlight these important aspects of children's experiences.
Transperipheral Educational Mobility: Less Privileged South Korean Young Adults Pursuing English Language Study in a Peripheral City in the Philippines
Authors: Choi Carolyn Areum
Published: April 2022

The pursuit of overseas English language education by South Korean youth has resulted in a hierarchy of educational destinations, with migrants studying English in the Global North attaining higher cultural capital compared to those learning English in the Global South. This article examines the experiences of South Korean youth who pursue education in English language schools in the provincial Philippines. Using in-depth interviews and participant observation with South Korean educational migrants in the Philippines and South Korea, it outlines class and regional dynamics in a pattern of youth mobility the author calls “transperipheral educational mobility.” This type of mobility refers to the transnational movement of less-privileged, that is low-resourced, South Korean youth from peripheral regions in South Korea to peripheral cities in the Philippines for the purpose of pursuing English language education in a budget program. Despite being considered “less legitimate” than the credentials earned by their counterparts in destinations in the Global North, the pursuit of English language education in the Global South, as this article shows, provides forms of precultural capital, compensatory middle-class consumption, and entrepreneurial inspiration that strategically and creatively seeks to challenge working-class migrants’ marginal positions within South Korea's highly stratified and increasingly neoliberal society.
Heading Exposure in Elite Football (Soccer): A Study in Adolescent, Young Adult, and Adult Male and Female Players
Authors: LANGDON SHARI , GOEDHART EDWIN , OOSTERLAAN JAAP , KÖNIGS MARSH
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to quantify heading exposure in real-life elite football at the level of individual male and female adolescents, young adults, and adults.

Methods

Heading exposure was determined by video analysis in combination with a structured electronic registration tool and observation training, to comprehensively register heading characteristics. Characteristics of heading events were registered in 116 official matches (96 male, 20 female) of Dutch national teams.

Results

Mean exposure for male players based on full match participation was 4.2 headers, with maximum heading exposure at 10.6 headers. Mean heading exposure was higher in adult than adolescent players (P = 0.049), whereas maximum heading exposure was higher for adult than for young adult players (P = 0.045). Maximum heading exposure was higher in male than in female players (P = 0.015). Defenders had the greatest mean and maximum heading exposure (P < 0.001). Longer flight courses of the ball had greater contribution to mean and maximum heading exposure than shorter courses (P < 0.01). Frontal headers had greater contribution to exposure than other points of contact on player’s head (P < 0.001), whereas linear headers had greater contribution than rotational headers (P = 0.016). Defensive headers had greater contribution to exposure than other heading types (P < 0.014). Unintentional head contacts in elite football players were, in most cases (80%), not related to heading situations.

Conclusions

This study provides real-life quantifications of mean and maximum heading exposure in elite football, with strong relevance for policy makers and researchers. The results highlight the roles of player and heading characteristics in heading exposure, informing current discussions on the role of heading in football.
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies New Genetic Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness: The Trøndelag Health Study
Authors: KLEVJER MARIE , NORDEIDET ADA N. , HANSEN AILIN F. , MADSSEN ERIK , WISLØFF ULRIK , BRUMPTON BEN M. , BYE ANJA
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a stronger predictor of CVD morbidity and mortality than established risk factors. The genetic component of CRF, quantified as peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), is estimated to be ~60%. Unfortunately, current studies on genetic markers for CRF have been limited by small sample sizes and using estimated CRF. To overcome these limitations, we performed a large-scale systematic screening for genetic variants associated with V̇O2peak.

Methods

A genome-wide association study was performed with BOLT-LMM including directly measured V̇O2peak from 4525 participants in the HUNT3 Fitness study and 14 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). For validation, similar analyses were performed in the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB), where CRF was assessed through a submaximal bicycle test, including ~60,000 participants and ~60 million SNP. Functional mapping and annotation of the genome-wide association study results was conducted using FUMA.

Results

In HUNT, two genome-wide significant SNP associated with V̇O2peak were identified in the total population, two in males, and 35 in females. Two SNP in the female population showed nominally significant association in the UKB. One of the replicated SNP is located in PIK3R5, shown to be of importance for cardiac function and CVD. Bioinformatic analyses of the total and male population revealed candidate SNP in PPP3CA, previously associated with CRF.

Conclusions

We identified 38 novel SNP associated with V̇O2peak in HUNT. Two SNP were nominally replicated in UKB. Several interesting genes emerged from the functional analyses, among them one previously reported to be associated with CVD and another with CRF.
Multidimensional Auctions of Contracts: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Kong Yunmi , Perrigne Isabelle , Vuong Quang
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we conduct a structural analysis of multi-attribute auctions of contracts with a general allocation rule when private information is multidimensional. Upon modeling bidders’ contract value that accounts for their endogenous ex post actions, we nonparametrically identify bidders’ private information from their bids and estimate their joint distribution. Analyzing cash-royalty auctions of Louisiana oil leases, we find government revenue worse and development rates no better than in a cash auction with a fixed royalty in view of adverse selection and moral hazard. Our findings revise conventional wisdom on the optimality of multi-attribute auctions. (JEL D44, D82, D86, H82, Q35)
Supply and Demand in Disaggregated Keynesian Economies with an Application to the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Baqaee David , Farhi Emmanuel
Published: April 2022

We study supply and demand shocks in a disaggregated model with multiple sectors, multiple factors, input-output linkages, downward nominal wage rigidities, credit-constraints, and a zero lower bound. We use the model to understand how the COVID-19 crisis, an omnibus supply and demand shock, affects output, unemployment, and inflation, and leads to the coexistence of tight and slack labor markets. We show that negative sectoral supply shocks are stagflationary, whereas negative demand shocks are deflationary, even though both can cause Keynesian unemployment. Furthermore, complementarities in production amplify Keynesian spillovers from supply shocks but mitigate them for demand shocks. This means that complementarities reduce the effectiveness of aggregate demand stimulus. In a stylized quantitative model of the United States, we find supply and demand shocks each explain about one-half of the reduction in real GDP from February to May 2020. Although there was as much as 6 percent Keynesian unemployment, this was concentrated in certain markets. Hence, aggregate demand stimulus is one quarter as effective as in a typical recession where all labor markets are slack. (JEL E12, E23, E24, E31, E32, E62, I12)
Rebel on the Canal: Disrupted Trade Access and Social Conflict in China, 1650–1911
Authors: Cao Yiming , Chen Shuo
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the effects of the abandonment of China’s Grand Canal—the world’s largest and oldest artificial waterway—which served as a disruption to regional trade access. Using an original dataset covering 575 counties over 262 years, we show that the canal’s abandonment contributed to the social turmoil that engulfed North China in the nineteenth century. Counties along the canal experienced an additional 117 percent increase in rebelliousness after the canal’s closure relative to their non-canal counterparts. Our findings highlight the important role that continued access to trade routes plays in reducing conflict. (JEL D74, N75, N95, O18, O22, R12, R42)
Publication Dating through Observations of Differences in Woodblock Printing Characteristics among Various Versions of Wanpanbon Editions of Honggildongjeon (Tale of Hong Gil Dong)
Authors: Yoo Choon Dong , Yoo Woo Sik
Published: April 2022

To understand the process of publication and distribution of ancient Korean novels under the Joseon dynasty and Japanese occupation, collecting information on the publication of various printed materials and estimating their publication date through various methods is extremely important. In this study, the characteristics and differences that appeared in the woodblock printing process were investigated using image comparison among editions of the Honggildongjeon (Tale of Honggildong) of Wanpanbon (完板本) (published in the Jeonju region) with other commercial editions of the ancient Korean novels. Additionally, the publication year of each edition was estimated. Printed images of different versions were compared with those of a recently discovered original series version and the changes in the process of carving replacement woodblocks were investigated and summarized. Various phenomena, such as differences in fonts, borderline shapes and integrity of printed characters, appearing in woodblock prints provided useful information for determining chronological relationships between the prints and estimating the approximate publication year for each edition. The various characteristics of woodblock printing obtained through this study are expected to serve as a reference for estimating the relationship between the printing method and the approximate publication date of old books and paper-based printed historical records.
Dendro-anatomical Study for Identification of Pine at Korea
Authors: Lee Kwang Hee , Seo Yeon Ju , Kim Soo Chul
Published: April 2022

This study identified Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) and exotic pines (Pinus resinosa, Pinus sylvestris) with a similar anatomical structure using a dendro-anatomical method that applied dendrochronology, tracheid length, and uniseriate ray cell size. Korean red pine samples were collected from 13 national parks, while exotic pine samples were secured from two wood importers. Tracheid length was measured by distinguishing earlywood from latewood, and uniseriate ray height and cell number were determined. As the exotic pine tree-ring chronology was consistent with the foreign standard tree-ring chronology and displayed high statistical significance, the country and region where the pine samples had been felled and the exact felling date were confirmed. According to the results, which compared tracheid length and uniseriate ray size, no difference was observed between the Korean red and Russian pines. However, the tracheid length of the Russian pines turned out to be slightly longer than the length of the Korean red pine. Additional research securing a larger number of exotic pines (P.resinosa, P.sylvestris) is required to yield more accurate results in the future.
Composition Classification of Korea Ancient Glasses by Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Sim Woo Seok , Kim Eun A , Lim Soo Yeong , Kim Hyung Min , Kim Gyu Ho
Published: April 2022

In this study, investigated the possibility of quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing Korean ancient glasses via Raman Spectroscopy. We subjected four categories of Korean traditional glasses, namely, lead-BaO, lead, potash, and soda glasses (3, 3, 10, and 10 pieces, respectively), to this analytical technique. The results showed significant differences between the stretching and bending Raman vibration regions corresponding to these different Korean ancient glass types. Specifically, the stretching vibration regions corresponding to lead-BaO and lead glasses showed peaks at 1040 and 1000 cm-1, respectively; the stretching vibration region of normal glass appears at 1100 cm-1. The bending vibration regions corresponding to potash and soda glass showed Raman peaks at 490 and 560 cm-1, respectively. Furthermore, the Raman spectra of the lead and lead-BaO glasses showed red shifts, which depended on the amount of PbO present. Thus, our findings highlighted the possibility of quantitatively determining the amount of PbO, a major component of lead glasses, via Raman Spectroscopy.
Índice Geral de Qualidade e a regulação por menus
Authors: Oliveira Itamar Aparecido de , Cruz Camila Elena Muza
Published: April 2022

Metodologias complementares à regulação tradicional (norma/sanção) fornecem boas soluções para problemas regulatórios, principalmente em contextos com demasiada assimetria de informação. A regulação por menus proposta por Jean-Jacques Laffont e Jean Tirole permite a redução da assimetria ao transferir a responsabilidade da escolha de uma meta regulatória para o regulado, forçando-o a explicitar o maior esforço operacional possível em serviços com elevada incerteza no comportamento. Este modelo foi implementado pela Arsesp como metodologia para controlar o Índice Geral de Qualidade (IGQ), um componente do cálculo tarifário que garante o equilíbrio entre o aumento da eficiência econômica da prestação e a qualidade dos serviços prestados.
SnakeWRAP: a Snakemake workflow to facilitate automated processing of metagenomic data through the metaWRAP pipeline
Authors: Krapohl John , Pickett Brett E.
Published: April 2022

Generating high-quality genome assemblies of complex microbial populations from shotgun metagenomics data is often a manually intensive task involving many computational steps. SnakeWRAP is a novel tool, implemented in the Snakemake workflow language, to automate multiple metaWRAP modules. Specifically, it wraps the shell scripts provided within the original metaWRAP software, within Snakemake. This approach enables high-throughput simultaneous assembly and analysis of multiple shotgun metagenomic datasets using the robust modular metaWRAP software. We expect this advancement to be of import in institutions where high-performance computing infrastructure is available, especially in the context of big data. This software tool is publicly available at https://github.com/jkrapohl/SnakeWRAP
Plasma glucose, HbA1c, insulin and lipid profile in Sudanese type 2 diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease: a case control study
Authors: Abdallah Salsabbil Idris , Abubaker Nuha Eljailli , Ibrahim Mariam Abbas , Abd Alla Ahmed , Humaida Rami Adam
Published: April 2022

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its consequences are a serious global public health issue. By 2030, the number of people with type 2 diabetes is predicted to reach 439 million. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the plasma levels of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, and lipid profile in Sudanese T2DM patients.

Methods: This case control study included 165 Sudanese patients with diabetic type 2 and a cardiovascular condition as cases and 165 diabetic type 2 volunteers without a cardiovascular disorder as controls. The concentrations of plasma glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile were assessed using a Mindray BS-480 auto-chemistry analyzer, and insulin was analyzed using a Cobase 411 auto analyzer. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tools for social science computer programs (SPSS version 21).

Results: According to the findings, (59.4 %) of patients between the ages of (50-69). Females made up 50.9 %. (38.2 %) of patients had an illness duration of between (8-15 years). (41.8%) of individuals did not have hypertension. There was a substantial rise in BMI, FBG, HbA1c, HDL-C, and insulin among diabetics with cardiovascular disease compared to diabetics without cardiovascular disease (p-value = 0.001, 0.000, 0.018, and 0.000). Females had significantly higher blood TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and BMI than males (p-values = 0.000, 0,001, and 0.000, respectively). There were significant positive correlation between FBS, HBA1c, insulin and duration of disease (r=0.155, p, value=0.005) (r=0.160, p, value=0.004)(r=0.103, p. value=0.061)respectively, while there were significant negative correlation between TC, TG,LDL-C, HDL-C and duration of disease (r=-0.152, p, value= 0.006)(r=-0.023, p, value=0.678)(r=-0.113, p, value= 0.040)(r=-0.145, p, value=0.008)respectively.

Conclusion: When comparing diabetics with cardiovascular disease to diabetics without cardiovascular disease, there was a substantial rise in BMI, FBG, HbA1c, HDL-C, and insulin. FBS, HBA1c, insulin, and illness duration all had a strong positive connection.
Current situation in providing medical care for burn injuries in Ukraine: public opinion
Authors: Chornopyshchuk R. , Nagaichuk V. , Kozinets G. , Nazarchuk O. , Turganska O. , Khimich S. , Zheliba M.
Published: April 2022

The results of assessment of specialized medical assistance to burn victims are presented in the article, they being based not on standard statistical figures from burn units and centers but on anonymous online survey of 486 respondents (60.5% of them - the residents of Vinnytsya region). The aim of this questionnaire-based survey was to study the level of awareness of Ukrainian population regarding the principles of providing first aid for burn injuries, as well as the availability, quality and shortcomings of current burn care in medical institutions based on the assessment of discharged patients. For this purpose, a 37-item questionnaire was developed, being divided into some blocks: general information about respondents, pre-medical aid, first medical aid, qualified medical aid and specialized medical care.

According to the questionnaire, 76.9% of respondents rated the quality of medical care 5 scores by 5-score system, 17.9% - 4 scores, 5.2% - 3 scores, being indicative of rather high level of burn care, even in conditions of limited material, technical and financial resources, as well as rapid decrease of confidence in doctors in general. Online survey conducted in every region of Ukraine seems to be reasonable to make adequate assessment of study problem in the country in general.
The role of social media in promoting the activities of the personal trainer
Authors: Domański Jarosław , Stefaniak Tadeusz , Wesołowski Daniel , Mauer-Różańska Renata , Mardausz Anna
Published: April 2022

Praca w której skupiono się na precyzyjnym wskazaniu konkretnych mediów społecznościowych mających na celu promowanie trenerów personalnych. Wyszczególniono dwa z największych social- mediów, które skupiają społeczności  o podobnych zainteresowaniach i potrzebach.

Jakich narzędzi marketingowych należy używać aby precyzyjnie określać "target" trenera personalnego. Procesy planowania i wdrażania pomysłów sprzedażowych .

Wskazanie cech charakterystycznych social-mediów

Ocena przydatności mediów społeznościowych w promocji trenerów personalnych.
Bezpieczeństwo Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w aspekcie transportu drogowego: Polska a Unia Europejska
Authors: Hyb Lech
Published: April 2022

SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND IN THE SCOPE OF ROAD TRANSPORT: POLAND AND THE EUROPEAN UNION All countries implement their own policies in the scope of protection from threats, both external and internal. The policies include the security of transport, including road transport. The development of road transport is a necessary condition of every country’s economic and civilizational growth. Security depends, in particular, on securing stability and internal harmony of a state by means of protecting and multiplying goods that constitute the greatest value for the country and its citizens. It refers to the following: population, territory, system of power. The transport and road traffic security system is developed by all entities, institutions and organizations, as well as services operating in various fields of the transport sector of the economy. Following Poland’s accession to the European Union, the country has obtained financial support which has enabled effective growth of the road transport sector and modernization of road infrastructure. Although the development of road transport in Poland is optimistic, it carries certain threats connected with loss of live or health. The said threats constitute a priority challenge for the policies of individual countries, the European Union and the modern world.
Tendencias en la investigación del turismo sostenible en Latinoamérica y el Caribe: un análisis bibliométrico
Authors: Echeverri Rubio Alejandro , Vieira Salazar Jaime Andrés
Published: April 2022

En las economías desarrolladas, así como en las emergentes, ha surgido una importante literatura sobre el desarrollo del turismo sostenible. En la última década, los académicos, empresarios y el gobierno, han reconocido, cada vez más, que son necesarias unas directrices claras para el desarrollo y la sostenibilidad de los destinos turísticos. La promoción del desarrollo del turismo sostenible es urgente debido a la doble tendencia del cambio climático global y la masificación de la industria turística a nivel mundial. La presente revisión utilizó técnicas de cartografía científica para examinar 521 documentos indexados en Scopus® y WoS® sobre el desarrollo del turismo sostenible en Latinoamérica y El Caribe y se procesó la información en Bibliometrix® y VOSviwer® para facilitar la comprensión de los datos. Los objetivos de la revisión son documentar el tamaño, el crecimiento y la distribución de esta literatura en Latinoamérica y El Caribe, identificar sus principales revistas, autores y documentos, destacar los temas emergentes y resaltar la estructura intelectual emergente, en razón a limitada disponibilidad de información en la literatura disponible. La revisión aporta pautas para que los académicos de la región desarrollen investigaciones que puedan favorecer el desarrollo del turismo sostenible en el futuro.
The Impact of Institutions on Innovation
Authors: Donges Alexander , Meier Jean-Marie , Silva Rui C.
Published: April 2022

We study the impact of inclusive institutions on innovation using novel, hand-collected, county-level data for Imperial Germany. We use the timing and geography of the French occupation of different German regions after the French Revolution of 1789 as an instrument for institutional quality. We find that the number of patents per capita in counties with the longest occupation was more than double that in unoccupied counties. Among the institutional changes brought by the French, the introduction of the Code civil, ensuring equality before the law, and the promotion of commercial freedom through the abolition of guilds and trade licenses had a stronger effect on innovation than the abolition of serfdom, which increased labor market mobility, and agricultural reforms that broke up the power of rural elites. The effect of institutions on innovation is particularly pronounced for high-tech innovation, suggesting that innovation might be a key channel through which institutions ultimately affect economic growth. Our findings highlight inclusive institutions as a first-order determinant of innovation.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.

Funding: During his Ph.D. at London Business School, Jean-Marie Meier received a grant from the Deloitte Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (an internal research institute at London Business School) for this paper.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4403 .
EFFECT OF IODINE AND MOISTURE ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF ZIRCALOY-4 UNDER SERVICE CONDITION IN PHWR
Authors: Mukherjee Dipankar , Choudhuri Gargi , Pal R.K. , Das Sanjoy
Published: April 2022

Fuel failures are always a cause of concern in any nuclear reactors as it increases the manrem consumption of radiation workers. Although performance of the fuels in pressurized heavy water reactors is good, but still fuel failures occur occasionally. Post irradiation examination (PIE) of the failed fuel elements indicates internal hydriding, not deuteriding, as a major cause for the failures, although secondary deuteriding occurs and, in a few cases, failures are associated with defects in the end plug weld. The sources of hydrogen are either fuel pellets or the clad or the graphite coating. Restriction has been imposed on maximum content of total hydrogen in the fuel element to 1 mg to prevent hydriding of the Zircaloy clad tube. Accidental pick up of hydrogen occurs, which could lead to failure of the fuel bundles. Experimental investigations have been conducted to understand the individual effect of iodine and accidental pick up of moisture on the microstructure of Zircaloy-4 end cap welded samples with graphite coating. Results indicate that severe hydriding in Zircaloy-4 samples due to the existence of internal moisture in presence of graphite under service condition may result in fuel failure and justifies the findings of PIE.
Continuous authentication for IoT smart home environments
Authors: Smith-Creasey Max , Furnell Steven , Rajarajan Muttukrishnan
Published: April 2022

The diverse range of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart homes results in users having to deal with a variety of technologies with different and incompatible user authentication methods. Continuous authentication offers an intelligent solution to this problem, although its application within IoT is currently in its infancy, and the limitations of sensors, power and processing capabilities present challenges when compared to traditional user devices.
Cuidados na gestação, pós-parto e com bebês pelas mulheres do povoado de Pedra Branca, Santa Terezinha, Bahia
Authors: Santos Daniela S. dos , Ribeiro Carla S. , Jesus Adriana R. de , Silva Júnior Antônio C. A. da , Silva Nayara César A. , Costa Neto Eraldo M.
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo registra como as mulheres que vivem em um povoado do interior do estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil, percebem e lidam com os cuidados que devem ter durante a gravidez, no período pós-parto e com os recém-nascidos. O trabalho de campo foi conduzido por alunos da disciplina Etnobiologia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, que realizaram entrevistas semi-estruturadas com sete moradoras do povoado de Pedra Branca, em maio de 2004. As mulheres entrevistadas tinham idades entre 18 e 60 anos. Os conhecimentos e práticas obstétricas locais e com relação aos cuidados com os bebês foram contrastados com informações da literatura acadêmica pertinente. Foi observado que as mulheres mais jovens da comunidade cada vez mais dão menos importância às práticas tradicionais transmitidas pelas mulheres mais experientes.
Agentes nocivos para abelhas (Apis mellifera L.), segundo a percepção dos apicultores de Cáceres, Pantanal Norte, Brasil
Authors: Modro Anna Frida Hatsue , Rieder Arno , Aleixo Victor Manuel
Published: April 2022

O uso da etnociência visando conhecer a percepção dos apicultores com relação aos agentes nocivos para as abelhas é de extrema importância para a otimização da apicultura. Foram realizadas 17 entrevistas semi-estruturadas, nos meses de março a abril de 2004, com membros da APIALPA (Associação dos Apicultores do Alto Pantanal) e com outros apicultores que possuem seu(s) apiário(s) no município de Cáceres-MT. As perguntas foram direcionadas para se conhecer os agentes nocivos ocorrentes nos apiários dessa região, além de dados sócio-econômicos e culturais dos apicultores para auxiliar em estudos posteriores. Observações em três apiários sobre a flora local e registros fotográficos também foram realizados. Os agentes nocivos citados foram classificados pelos apicultores em predadores, plantas tóxicas e parasitas. Os predadores citados (82,4%) foram formiga, tatu-canastra, pássaro, irara, sapo, aranha e o próprio homem. Com 41,2% de citações, os parasitas citados foram: varroa, cupim, vespas e outras abelhas, traça e mosquinha. Quanto às plantas tóxicas (65%), foram citadas o néctar de espatódea (Spathodea campanulata), os polens de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens) e do falso-barbatimão (Dimorphandra mollis). De acordo com os apicultores entrevistados, os agentes nocivos citados não apresentam grandes riscos na produtividade apícola de Cáceres e entorno. Neste trabalho, não foram mencionados doenças e uso de agrotóxicos como agentes causadores de malefícios para a apicultura da região de Cáceres, o que pode indicar uma boa qualidade aos produtos apícolas.
Uma análise biométrica de bivalves coletados por marisqueiras no manguezal de Acupe, Santo Amaro, Bahia: uma abordagem etnoconservacionista
Authors: Martins Viviane Souza , Souto Francisco José Bezerra
Published: April 2022

Os Manguezais estão entre as áreas alagadiças mais importantes da faixa tropical e constituem um dos tipos de ecossistemas mais produtivos do planeta. Além de desempenharem funções ecológicas importantes, esses ecossistemas representam a principal fonte de renda e subsistência para inúmeras comunidades pesqueiras tradicionais, como a comunidade de Acupe (Santo Amaro, Bahia). Com base na informação de que marisqueiras do distrito de Acupe selecionavam os indivíduos maiores para a captura, foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas com mulheres contactadas ad libitum. A estas pessoas, foram apresentados mostruários contendo conchas de diversos tamanhos de “ostra” (Crassostrea rhizophorae) e “bebe-fumo” (Anomalocardia brasiliana) para que fossem indicados os tamanhos coletados durante a atividade, bem como as motivações que levavam a selecionar os indivíduos de determinado tamanho. Todas as entrevistadas demonstraram coletar A. brasiliana a partir do terceiro tamanho amostrado (20 mm de comprimento), que corresponde àquele no qual a espécie começa a se reproduzir. No que se refere à seleção de “bebe-fumo”, as motivações ecológica e econômica obtiveram o mesmo número de respostas (37,3%). De acordo com os resultados, a mariscagem da ostra ainda imatura sexualmente ocorre, porém numa proporção pequena. A maior parte das marisqueiras afirmou que prefere coletar indivíduos de C. rhizophorae acima de 50 mm de comprimento. Um percentual ligeiramente maior de pessoas (38%) afirmou selecionar indivíduos grandes por razões econômicas. Os resultados sugerem que há uma prática etnoconservacionista na coleta da “ostra” e do “bebe-fumo” no manguezal de Acupe, uma vez que os indivíduos jovens parecem ser poupados pela maior parte das coletoras, o que permite a reprodução das espécies e, por conseguinte, a renovação dos estoques naturais.
Automated multicolor mesoscopic imaging for the 3-dimensional reconstruction of fluorescent biomarker distribution in large tissue specimens
Authors: Foo Wanling , Wiede Alexander , Bierwirth Sebastian , Heintzmann Rainer , Press Adrian T. , Hauswald Walter
Published: April 2022

Research in translational medicine often requires high-resolution characterization techniques to visualize or quantify the fluorescent probes. For example, drug delivery systems contain fluorescent molecules enabling in vitro and in vivo tracing to determine biodistribution or plasma disappearance. Albeit fluorescence imaging systems with sufficient resolution exist, the sample preparation is typically too complex to image a whole organism of the size of a mouse. This article established a mesoscopic imaging technique utilizing a commercially available cryo-microtome and an in-house built episcopic imaging add-on to perform imaging during serial sectioning. Here we demonstrate that our automated red, green, blue (RGB) and fluorescence mesoscope can generate sequential block-face and 3-dimensional anatomical images at variable thickness with high quality of 6 µm × 6 µm pixel size. In addition, this mesoscope features a numerical aperture of 0.10 and a field-of-view of up to 21.6 mm × 27 mm × 25 mm (width, height, depth).
Numerical simulation research of circular dichroism based on a catenary-shaped ultrathin metasurface
Authors: Qin Wei-Gen , Zhang Wen-Peng , Li Ling , Huang Yi-Jia , Xie Zheng-Wei
Published: April 2022

The circular dichroism (CD) produced by chiral materials in nature is usually very weak, and is not easy to be detected and analyzed in experiment. In this paper, a catenary-shaped chiral metasurface (CCMS) is proposed to achieve giant CD. The unit of the CCMS is composed of a metal–insulator–metal structure. Its upper and lower layers are composed of catenary-shaped metal elements. Under the excitation of left circularly polarized light and right circularly polarized light, the coupling modes of the equivalent electric dipole moments on the upper and lower metal surfaces are different, which leads to giant CD approaching 0.55. In addition, the CD properties can be tuned by structure parameters, such as the thickness of the intermediate dielectric layer, the length of the catenary-shaped metal elements, the twisted angle of the catenary-shaped metal surfaces of the upper and lower layers, and the period of the structure. By optimizing structure parameters, the maximum CD signal can reach 0.68. The present results would be helpful for designing chiral structures with enhanced CD signal.