bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The long-term impact of immediate verbal feedback of hand hygiene compliance after overt observation sessions, as assessed by continuous closed-circuit television monitoring in an intensive care setting
Authors: Livshiz-Riven Ilana , Azulay Hovav , Koyfman Leonid , Gushanski Alex , Askira Seada , Abar Vered Ischa , Gruenbaum Benjamin F. , Ivanov Evgenia , Klein Moti , Danziger Asaf , Nativ Ronit , Borer Abraham , Ziv-Baran Tomer , Brotfain Evgeni
Published: May 2022

Background

Hand hygiene compliance by health care workers (HCWs) is pivotal in controlling and preventing health care associated infections. The aim of this interventional study is to assess the long-term impact of personal verbal feedback on hand hygiene compliance of HCWs in an intensive care unit (ICU) immediately after overt observation by an infection control nurse.

Methods

An infection control nurse overtly observed HCWs’ hand hygiene compliance and immediately gave personal verbal feedback with emphasis on aseptic technique. Overt non-interventional sessions were also performed. We measured compliance rates using covert continuous closed-circuit television (CCTV) monitoring. We compared these rates to previously-published hand hygiene compliance data.

Results

Overall compliance rates in the first (41.5%) and third phases (42%) of the study, before and after the intervention were similar. The two moments that were lowest in the first phase, “before aseptic contact” and “after exposure to body fluids”, showed significant improvement, but two moments showed a significant decline in compliance: “before patient contact” and “after contact with patient surrounding”. The compliance rates during the intervention phase were 64.8% and 63.8% during the sessions with and without immediate verbal personal feedback, respectively.

Conclusion

The overall hand hygiene compliance rate of HCWs did not show an improvement after immediate verbal personal feedback. Covert CCTV observational sessions yielded much lower hand hygiene compliance rates then overt interventional and non-interventional observations. We suggest that a single intervention of personal feedback immediately after an observational session is an ineffective strategy to change habitual practices.
Reliability of measuring constructs in applied linguistics research: a comparative study of domestic and international graduate theses
Authors: Razavipour Kioumars , Raji Behnaz
Published: May 2022

The credibility of conclusions arrived at in quantitative research depends, to a large extent, on the quality of data collection instruments used to quantify language and non-language constructs. Despite this, research into data collection instruments used in Applied Linguistics and particularly in the thesis genre remains limited. This study examined the reported reliability of 211 quantitative instruments used in two samples of domestic and international theses in Applied Linguistics. The following qualities in measuring instruments were used to code the data: the instrument origin, instrument reliability, reliability facets examined, reliability computation procedures utilized, and the source of reliability reported (i.e., primary or cited). It was found that information about instrument origin was provided in the majority of cases. However, for 93 instruments, no reliability index was reported and this held true for the measurement of both language and non-language constructs. Further, the most frequently examined facet of reliability was internal consistency estimated via Cronbach’s alpha. In most cases, primary reliability for the actual data was reported. Finally, reliability was more frequently reported in the domestic corpus than in the international corpus. Findings are discussed in light of discursive and sociomaterial considerations and a few implications are suggested.
Regulating the electronic structures of mixed B-site pyrochlore to enhance the turnover frequency in water oxidation
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Wang Fangfang , Xiong Beichen , Yang Hong
Published: May 2022

This paper describes the development of mixed B-site pyrochlore Y2MnRuO7 electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media, a challenge for the development of low-temperature electrolyzer for green hydrogen production. Recently, several theories have been developed to understand the reaction mechanism for OER, though there is an  uncertainty in most of the cases, due to the complex surface structures. Several key factors such as lattice oxygen, defect, electronic structure, oxidation state, hydroxyl group and conductivity were identified and shown to be important to the OER activity. The contribution of each factor to the performance however is often not well understood, limiting their impact in guiding the design of OER electrocatalysts. In this work, we showed mixed B-site pyrochlore Y2MnRuO7 catalyst exhibits 14 times higher turnover frequency (TOF) than RuO2 while maintaining a low overpotential of ~ 300 mV for the entire testing period of 24 h in acidic electrolyte. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals that this B-site mixed pyrochlore Y2MnRuO7 has a higher oxidation state of Ru than those of Y2Ru2O7, which could be crucial for improving OER performance as the broadened and lowered Ru 4d band resulted from the B-site substitution by Mn is beneficial to the OER kinetics.
The Y plane is a reliable CT-based reference for glenoid component positioning in shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Glasson Jean-Marc , van Rooij Floris , Nover Luca , Saffarini Mo , Kany Jean
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To determine the reliability of anatomic references for mediolateral component positioning in shoulder arthroplasty.

Materials and methods

The computed tomography scans of 86 shoulders free of arthritic or anatomic deformities were studied. Two surgeons independently digitized a series of points, including the intersection of the 3 bone branches of the scapular spine (Y), the center of the glenoid surface (G), the most medial point of the scapula (MS), the cortical convergence (CC) of the anterior and posterior margins of the glenoid, the base of the coracoid (BC), the anterior (HA) and posterior (HP) margins of the subchondral bone.

Results

The mean mediolateral distances between G and Y, BC, CC were respectively − 19.6 mm, − 1.5 mm, and − 36.8 mm. The consistency of anatomic landmarks was greatest for Y (standard deviation (SD) =2.3 mm; interquartile range (IQR) =3 mm), compared to BC (SD = 4.6 mm; IQR = 7 mm), and CC (SD = 6.6 mm; IQR = 8 mm). The repeatability of anatomic landmarks was excellent for all measurements. The mean ratios (relative to humeral head size) of distances between G and Y, BC, CC were respectively − 0.45, − 0.04, and − 0.85. The consistency of ratios was greatest for Y (SD = 0.05; IQR = 0.06), compared to BC (SD = 0.11; IQR = 0.14), and CC (SD = 0.13; IQR = 0.17). The repeatability of ratios was excellent for Y and BC, while it was good for CC.

Conclusions

The Y-plane is a reliable reference for glenoid component positioning in shoulder arthroplasty, with a consistent distance from the center of the glenoid surface, and could therefore be suitable for preoperative planning.

Study design

Level III, comparative anatomic study.
Modified Lemaire tenodesis reduces anterior cruciate ligament graft forces during internal tibial torque loading
Authors: Mayr Raul , Sigloch Maximilian , Coppola Christian , Hoermann Romed , Iltchev Alessandra , Schmoelz Werner
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The aim of the study was to directly measure graft forces of an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and a lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) using the modified Lemaire technique in combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient and anterolateral rotatory instable knees and to analyse the changes in knee joint motion resulting from combined ACLR + LET.

Methods

On a knee joint test bench, six fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were tested at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion in the following states: 1) intact; 2) with resected ACL; 3) with resected ACL combined with anterolateral rotatory instability; 4) with an isolated ACLR; and 5) with combined ACLR + LET. The specimens were examined under various external loads: 1) unloaded; 2) with an anterior tibial translation force (ATF) of 98 N; 3) with an internal tibial torque (IT) of 5 Nm; and 4) with a combined internal tibial torque of 5 Nm and an anterior tibial translation force of 98 N (IT + ATF). The graft forces of the ACLR and LET were recorded by load cells incorporated into custom devices, which were screwed into the femoral tunnels. Motion of the knee joint was analysed using a 3D camera system.

Results

During IT and IT + ATF, the addition of a LET reduced the ACLR graft forces up to 61% between 0° and 60° of flexion (P = 0.028). During IT + ATF, the LET graft forces reached 112 N. ACLR alone did not restore native internal tibial rotation after combined ACL deficiency and anterolateral rotatory instability. Combined ACLR + LET was able to restore native internal tibial rotation values for 0°, 60° and 90° of knee flexion with decreased internal tibial rotation at 30° of flexion.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that the addition of a LET decreases the forces seen by the ACLR graft and reduces residual rotational laxity after isolated ACLR during internal tibial torque loading. Due to load sharing, a LET could support the ACLR graft and perhaps be the reason for reduced repeat rupture rates seen in clinical studies. Care must be taken not to limit the internal tibial rotation when performing a LET.
Collaboration between biomedical research and community-based primary health care actors in chronic disease management: a scoping review
Authors: Paquette Jean-Sébastien , Zomahoun Hervé Tchala Vignon , Diendere Ella , Lavertu Gardy , Rheault Nathalie , Toi Alfred Kodjo , Leblond Mathilde , Audet-Walsh Étienne , Beaulieu Marie-Claude , Charif Ali Ben , Blanchette Virginie , Després Jean-Pierre , Gaudreau André , Rhéaume Caroline , Tremblay Marie-Claude , Légaré France
Published: May 2022

Background

Collaboration between biomedical research and community-based primary health care actors is essential to translate evidence into clinical practice. However, little is known about the characteristics and impacts of implementing collaborative models. Thus, we sought to identify and describe collaboration models that bridge biomedical research and community-based primary health care in chronic disease management.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review using Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to November 2020, to identify studies describing or evaluating collaboration models. We also searched grey literature, screened reference lists, and contacted experts to retrieve further relevant references. The list of studies was then refined using more specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted relevant data (characteristics of studies, participants, collaborations, and outcomes). No bias assessment was performed. A panel of experts in the field was consulted to interpret the data. Results were presented with descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis.

Results

Thirteen studies presenting 20 unique collaboration models were included. These studies were conducted in North America (n = 7), Europe (n = 5) and Asia (n = 1). Collaborations were implemented between 1967 and 2014. They involved a variety of profiles including biomedical researchers (n = 20); community-based primary health care actors (n = 20); clinical researchers (n = 15); medical specialists (n = 6); and patients, citizens, or users (n = 5). The main clinical focus was cardiovascular disease (n = 8). Almost half of the collaborations operated at an international level (n = 9) and the majority adopted either a network (n = 7) or hierarchical structure (n = 6). We identified significant implementation barriers (lack of knowledge, financial support, and robust management structure) and collaboration facilitators (partnership, cooperation, multidisciplinary research teams). Out of the 20 included collaboration models, seven reported measurable impact.

Conclusion

We identified a large variety of collaboration models representing several clinical and research profiles and fields of expertise. As they are all based in high-income countries, further research should aim to identify collaborations in low-income countries, to determine which models and/or characteristics, could better translate evidence into clinical practice in these contexts.
Breeding for postharvest physiological deterioration in cassava: problems and strategies
Authors: Mbinda Wilton , Mukami Asunta
Published: May 2022

Cassava is a major food crop for millions of people in Africa, Asia and South America, forming an essential food-security and income generation commodity for small-scale or subsistence farming communities. The storage root is the most important component of the crop that provides more calories than cereals. Immediately after harvest, cassava storage roots undergo complex biochemical and physiological changes known as postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD), which is influenced by genotype, environmental and agronomic factors, resulting to spoilage, rendering the storage roots unpalatable and unmarketable. This problem has remained unresolved over the years. This review describes the innovative breeding technologies which could be used to prolong cassava storage root shelf-life. In this review, we discuss the available knowledge on (i) physiology and biochemistry of cassava storage root with regard to PPD (ii) strategies for minimizing PPD in cassava storage roots (iii) traits associated with PPD tolerance as essential targets for prolonging cassava storage root shelf life, and (iv) suggestions for novel genomic tools and modern genetic and breeding approaches for prolonging shelf-life in cassava storage roots. With its extensive genomic resources including the public release of cassava reference genome sequence assembly and other and resources, and innovative plant breeding technologies, the crop offers an excellent opportunity to serve as a model to address postharvest spoilage and improve food security. Continuous improvements based on the new plant breeding technologies (genome editing, speeding breeding and RNA-dependent DNA methylation) in cassava and innovations in postharvest handling and storage of the storage roots are expected to provide sustainable solutions for PPD constraints and make cassava an important food security and nutrition and industrial crop.
Floquet metamaterials
Authors: Yin Shixiong , Galiffi Emanuele , Alù Andrea
Published: May 2022

Recent progress in nanophotonics and material science has inspired a strong interest in optically-induced material dynamics, opening new research directions in the distinct fields of Floquet matter and time metamaterials. Floquet phenomena are historically rooted in the condensed matter community, as they exploit periodic temporal drives to unveil novel phases of matter, unavailable in systems at equilibrium. In parallel, the field of metamaterials has been offering a platform for exotic wave phenomena based on tailored materials at the nanoscale, recently enhanced by incorporating time variations and switching as new degrees of freedom. In this Perspective, we connect these research areas and describe the exciting opportunities emerging from their synergy, hinging on giant wave-matter interactions enabled by metamaterials and on the exotic wave dynamics enabled by Floquet and parametric phenomena. We envision Floquet metamaterials in which nontrivial modulation dynamics, and their interplay with tailored material dispersion and nontrivial material properties such as anisotropy, non-Hermiticity and nonreciprocity, introduce a plethora of novel opportunities for wave manipulation and control.
The early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with severe mental illness: An interrupted time-series study in South-East England
Authors: Penington Ed , Lennox Belinda , Geulayov Galit , Hawton Keith , Tsiachristas Apostolos
Published: May 2022

Background

Deterioration in general population mental health since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported, but the impact of the pandemic on people with severe mental illness (SMI) has received less attention.

Aims

To understand the impact of the early stages of the pandemic on the patients with SMI, in terms of provision of mental health care and patient outcomes.

Method

We examined records of 34,446 patients with SMI in Oxford Health Foundation Trust between March 2016 and July 2020. We used interrupted time-series analysis to estimate the immediate and subsequent changes in weekly rates of the use of community mental health services, hospitalization, and patient outcomes (as measured by Health of the Nation Outcome Scales, or HoNOS, scores) during the weeks of lockdown between March 23, 2020 and July 3, 2020.

Results

Mean total HoNOS scores for all patients deteriorated in the weeks subsequent to lockdown (0.060 per week; 95%CI: 0.033, 0.087). Scores for patients with a history of psychosis deteriorated immediately (0.63; 95% CI: 0.26, 1.0). There was an immediate decrease in weekly referrals to community and outpatient services (−196; 95%CI: −300, −91) and no immediate change in weekly inpatient admissions (−4.2; 95%CI: −9.9, 1.5) or weekly total contacts (−26; 95%CI: −475, 423).

Conclusions

Patients with SMI were negatively impacted during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with a history of psychosis experienced distinct and immediate impacts. During the same period, referrals to community and outpatient services fell with no consequent impact on inpatient admissions.
Tumor and Constitutional Sequencing for Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Tong Schuyler , Devine W. Patrick , Shieh Joseph T.
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE

NF1 variants in tumors are important to recognize, as multiple mechanisms may give rise to biallelic variants. Both deletions and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) are potential mechanisms of NF1 loss, distinct from point mutations, and additional genes altered may drive different tumor types. This study investigates whether tumors from individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) demonstrate additional gene variants and detects NF1 second hits using paired germline and somatic sequencing. In addition, rare tumor types in NF1 may also be characterized by tumor sequencing.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sequences of 529 cancer driver genes were analyzed in 6,381 tumors, yielding 391 NF1-mutated tumors in which NF1 LOH analysis was performed. Driver genes were evaluated by tumor type including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and gliomas.

RESULTS

NF1 LOH was seen in 133 of 391 tumor samples in the cohort. Individuals with NF1 had more prevalent copy-neutral LOH ( P < .0001), suggesting somatic intrachromosomal recombination. Osteosarcoma in NF1 also had NF1 LOH and additional p53 alteration. NF1 second hit data from tumors were informative for inferring deleteriousness of missense variants that were conflicting in ClinVar, potentially helping to add to NF1 annotation. Although criteria for evaluating germline and somatic variants are different, deleterious effects on NF1 function may be shared.

CONCLUSION

Sequencing of NF1-associated tumors demonstrated a spectrum of second hits in NF1 and the prevalence of copy-neutral LOH. Future work may be aimed at further understanding of LOH mechanisms and strategies to mitigate tumor risk.
Cholesterol Deprivation Drives DHEA Biosynthesis in Human Adrenals
Authors: Pignatti Emanuele , Altinkilic Emre Murat , Bräutigam Konstantin , Grössl Michael , Perren Aurel , Zavolan Mihaela , Flück Christa E
Published: May 2022

Adrenarche is an early event in sexual maturation in prepubertal children and corresponds to the postnatal development of the adrenocortical zona reticularis (zR). However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the onset and maturation of zR remain unknown. Using tissue laser microdissection combined with transcript quantification and immunodetection, we showed that the human zR receives low levels of cholesterol in comparison with other adrenal layers. To model this metabolic condition, we challenged adrenal cells in vitro using cholesterol deprivation. This resulted in reprogramming the steroidogenic pathway toward inactivation of 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD3B2), increased CYB5A expression, and increased biosynthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 3 key features of zR maturation during adrenarche. Finally, we found that cholesterol deprivation leads to decreased transcriptional activity of POU3F2, which normally stimulates the expression of HSD3B2 by directly binding to its promoter. These findings demonstrate that cholesterol deprivation can account, at least in part, for the acquisition of a zR-like androgenic program in humans.
Determinants of Disparities in Early COVID-19 Job Losses
Authors: Montenovo Laura , Jiang Xuan , Lozano-Rojas Felipe , Schmutte Ian , Simon Kosali , Weinberg Bruce A. , Wing Coady
Published: May 2022

This study examines the sociodemographic divide in early labor market responses to the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic and associated policies, benchmarked against two previous recessions. Monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) data show greater declines in employment in April and May 2020 (relative to February) for Hispanic individuals, younger workers, and those with a high school diploma or some college. Between April and May, the demographic subgroups considered regained some employment. Reemployment in May was broadly proportional to the employment drop that occurred through April, except for Black individuals, who experienced a smaller rebound. Compared to the 2001 recession and the Great Recession, employment losses in the early COVID-19 recession were smaller for groups with low or high (vs. medium) education. We show that job loss was greater in occupations that require more interpersonal contact and that cannot be performed remotely, and that pre-COVID-19 sorting of workers into occupations and industries along demographic lines can explain a sizable portion of the demographic gaps in new unemployment. For example, while women suffered more job losses than men, their disproportionate pre-epidemic sorting into occupations compatible with remote work shielded them from even larger employment losses. However, substantial gaps in employment losses across groups cannot be explained by socioeconomic differences. We consider policy lessons and future research needs regarding the early labor market implications of the COVID-19 crisis.
Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Failure of Medical Management in Spinal Epidural Abscesses
Authors: Page Paul S. , Greeneway Garret P. , Ammanuel Simon G. , Brooks Nathaniel P.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:

The optimal management of spinal epidural abscesses (SEA) secondary to primary spinal infections has demonstrated large variability in the literature. Although some literature suggests a high rate of neurological deterioration, others suggest failure of medical management is uncommon.

OBJECTIVE:

To develop a predictive model to evaluate the likelihood of failure of medical therapy in the setting of SEA.

METHODS:

A retrospective review was conducted of all patients presenting with SEA from primary spinal infections. Patients presenting with MRI evidence of SEA without neurological deficits were included. Failure of medical management was defined as requiring surgical intervention over 72 hours after the initiation of antibiotics. A machine learning method (Risk-Calibrated Supersparse Linear Integer Model) was used to create a risk stratification score to identify patients at high risk for requiring surgical intervention.

RESULTS:

In total, 159 patients were identified as presenting with MRI findings of SEA without evidence of neurological deficit. Of these patients, 50 required delayed surgery compared with 109 whose infection were successfully treated with surgical intervention. The Spinal Epidural Abscess Predictive Score was created using a machine learning model with an area under the curve of 0.8043 with calibration error of 14.7%. Factors included active malignancy, spondylodiscitis, organism identification, blood cultures, and sex. The probability of failure of medical management ranged from <5% for a score of 2 or less and >95% for a score of 7 or more.

CONCLUSION:

The Spinal Epidural Abscess Predictive Score model is a quick and accurate tool to assist in clinical decision-making in SEA.
Global change and physiological challenges for fish of the Amazon today and in the near future
Authors: Luis Val Adalberto , Wood Chris M.
Published: May 2022

Amazonia is home to 15% (>2700, in 18 orders) of all the freshwater fish species of the world, many endemic to the region, has 65 million years of evolutionary history and accounts for 20% of all freshwater discharge to the oceans. These characteristics make Amazonia a unique region in the world. We review the geological history of the environment, its current biogeochemistry and the evolutionary forces that led to the present endemic fish species that are distributed amongst three very different water types: black waters [acidic, ion-poor, rich in dissolved organic carbon (DOC)], white waters (circumneutral, particle-rich) and clear waters (circumneutral, ion-poor, DOC-poor). The annual flood pulse is the major ecological driver for fish, providing feeding, breeding and migration opportunities, and profoundly affecting O2, CO2 and DOC regimes. Owing to climate change and other anthropogenic pressures such as deforestation, pollution and governmental mismanagement, Amazonia is now in crisis. The environment is becoming hotter and drier, and more intense and frequent flood pulses are now occurring, with greater variation between high and low water levels. Current projections are that Amazon waters of the near future will be even hotter, more acidic, darker (i.e. more DOC, more suspended particles), higher in ions, higher in CO2 and lower in O2, with many synergistic effects. We review current physiological information on Amazon fish, focusing on temperature tolerance and ionoregulatory strategies for dealing with acidic and ion-poor environments. We also discuss the influences of DOC and particles on gill function, the effects of high dissolved CO2 and low dissolved O2, with emphasis on water- versus air-breathing mechanisms, and strategies for pH compensation. We conclude that future elevations in water temperature will be the most critical factor, eliminating many species. Climate change will likely favour predominantly water-breathing species with low routine metabolic rates, low temperature sensitivity of routine metabolic rates, high anaerobic capacity, high hypoxia tolerance and high thermal tolerance.
Enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity in the blue-tongued skinkTiliqua rugosa
Authors: Nagloo Nicolas , Mountford Jessica K. , Gundry Ben J. , Hart Nathan S. , Davies Wayne I. L. , Collin Shaun P. , Hemmi Jan M.
Published: May 2022

Despite lizards using a wide range of colour signals, the limited variation in photoreceptor spectral sensitivities across lizards suggests only weak selection for species-specific, spectral tuning of photoreceptors. Some species, however, have enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity, which probably helps with the detection of signals rich in ultraviolet and short wavelengths. In this study, we examined the visual system of Tiliqua rugosa, which has an ultraviolet/blue tongue, to gain insight into this species' visual ecology. We used electroretinograms, opsin sequencing and immunohistochemical labelling to characterize whole-eye spectral sensitivity and the elements that shape it. Our findings reveal that T. rugosa expresses all five opsins typically found in lizards (SWS1, SWS2, RH1, RH2 and LWS) but possesses greatly enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity compared with other diurnal lizards. This enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity is characterized by a broadening of the spectral sensitivity curve of the eye towards shorter wavelengths while the peak sensitivity of the eye at longer wavelengths (560 nm) remains similar to that of other diurnal lizards. While an increased abundance of SWS1 photoreceptors is thought to mediate elevated ultraviolet sensitivity in a couple of other lizard species, SWS1 photoreceptor abundance remains low in this species. Instead, our findings suggest that short-wavelength sensitivity is driven by multiple factors which include a potentially red-shifted SWS1 photoreceptor and the absence of short-wavelength-absorbing oil droplets. Examining the coincidence of enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity with blue tongues among lizards of this genus will provide further insight into the co-evolution of conspecific signals and whole-eye spectral sensitivity.
Local value-chains dedicated to sustainable production (coffee agroforestry business-driven clusters or CaFC): a new organizational model to foster social and environmental innovations through farm renovation
Authors: Meter Andrew , Penot Eric , Vaast Philippe , Etienne Hervé , Ponçon Eric , Bertrand Benoit
Published: May 2022

Background: Worldwide coffee production, especially Arabica coffee, is threatened by climatic change, plants diseases and vulnerability of smallholders. Meanwhile, consumers’ demand for socially and environmentally sustainable products is steadily increasing, driving the engagement of stakeholders in agro-ecological and social initiatives. Here we present a new organizational model, the “Coffee agroforestry business-driven cluster” (CaFC), which aims at preserving ecosystems while offering producers a fair income. Based on an original local micro value-chain dedicated to sustainable production of high-quality Arabica coffee under agroforestry systems, the CaFC model stands out by addressing the issues around plantation renovation, a crucial process that requires considerable investments from producers.

Methods: Based on a pilot project in Nicaragua, we illustrate how the operational principles of CaFC can be applied in a real setting. Using data shared by key stakeholders involved in the project, we assess the profitability of the CaFC model by comparing different scenarios and applying sensitivity analysis. We then reflect on the reproducibility of the model in other contexts, building on lessons learned from ongoing implementations in Vietnam and Cameroon.

Results: For producers renovating their plantations, the CaFC model consistently outperforms other scenarios, offering high quality premiums coupled with capacity building, access to highly productive varieties that perform well under agroforestry systems and adapted credit with favourable repayment schemes. Implementation in Vietnam and Cameroon show that the model can be successfully replicated with some adaptation to local contexts. These cases also highlight the importance of mutual interests, trust and communication in enabling collaboration between stakeholders.

Conclusions: The CaFC model has great potential for positive environmental and economic impact and offers strong incentives for stakeholders involved in its resulting micro value-chain. The concept was initially developed in Nicaragua for coffee but could also be adapted in other countries or even to other commodities such as cocoa.
Estereotipos asociados al cuerpo humano: análisis de aplicaciones móviles usadas en la educación físicodeportiva
Authors: Díaz-Barahona José
Published: May 2022

La institución escolar y su profesorado están integrando de forma acrítica y masiva materiales curriculares digitales en su praxis docente. Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar si las imágenes de las apps, utilizadas para la mejora de la salud y el fitness, transmiten o legitiman estereotipos asociados al cuerpo: de género, raza, somatotipo o relacionados con la práctica de actividad física. También analizar las apps son adecuadas a la edad recomendada por los desarrolladores web o si están diseñadas por profesionales del ámbito de la educación físico-deportiva. Para ello, diseñamos un estudio descriptivo, comparativo, basado en el análisis de contenido, realizado sobre una muestra de 373 imágenes pertenecientes a 128 apps elegidas tras un proceso de selección PRISMA y una prueba piloto. Los resultados informan que los cuerpos que aparecen en las imágenes de las apps reproducen diversos estereotipos: de género, edad, raza o relacionados con la actividad física. También que las apps estudiadas no son diseñadas por personal especializado. Este trabajo puede orientar y sensibilizar a la comunidad educativa sobre la perspectiva de género y sobre los valores y los estereotipos que los materiales digitales, que introducimos en las aulas, pueden estar normalizando
UNA RELECTURA DE LA HISTORIA DE EUROPA EN DOS CICLOS VIQUIANOS
Authors: García Marqués Alfonso
Published: May 2022

RESUMEN: Este artículo es una propuesta de una nueva lectura de la historia de Europa a partir de la filosofía viquiana de la historia. El resultado es la negación de las cuatro edades de la historiografía actual (Antigua, Media, Moderna y Contemporánea), y la propuesta de la nueva división en dos grandes ciclos, cada uno con tres subdivisiones o edades. Para ello, en la primera parte, se hace una sucinta exposición de las ideas de Vico que se van a usar en la interpretación de la historia europea, especialmente la doctrina del corso y ricorso, y la de las tres edades. En la segunda, se aplican estas ideas: se periodiza la historia europea en dos grandes ciclos (un corso y un ricorso) y se muestra cómo en cada ciclo se han dado las tres edades viquianas, cada una con su propia forma mentis. PALABRAS CLAVES: G. Vico. Historia de Europa. Filosofía de la historia, A. García Marqués
REFLEXIONES SOBRE COSMOPOLITISMO E HISPANISMO. A PROPÓSITO DE UN LIBRO CON 27 PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: León Kabarity George
Published: May 2022

Relatos de cosmopolitismo en el pensamiento filosófico hispánico (Madrid, ed. Dykinson SL, 2021) reúne cerca de una treintena de conferencias acerca de diversos temas que tocan muy de cerca aspectos relacionados con algo que podríamos llamar lo hispano. Qué caracteriza a eso hispano se puede ir sacando en claro al tiempo que uno se sumerge en la apasionante lectura del libro: desde la razón poética de Zambrano, pasando por la cuestión de la esclavitud en España, por la consolidada tradición de los médicos filósofos de la talla de Andrés Laguna, hasta la picaresca como género que mejor define a la literatura en español: un género que se centra en la figura del pícaro, un individuo desencantado con la realidad y que tiene que hacer uso del ingenio para sobrevivir en el mundo a veces tan cruel en que vivimos. Ese mismo ingenio nos llevará a poner sobre la mesa una propuesta genuinamente hispánica, que hace referencia a una categoría en la que cristaliza, se concreta y alcanza sus máximas potencialidades la hispanidad: el cosmopolitismo. Reflexionamos a propósito de algunas de estas contribuciones. PALABRAS CLAVE: cosmopolitismo, hispanismo filosófico, ingenio, pícaro, médico, realidad.
Pamięć o Żydach w wielkich słownikach języka polskiego. Rekonesans
Authors: Chlebda Wojciech
Published: May 2022

REMEMBRANCE OF JEWS IN THE GREAT DICTIONARIES OF THE POLISH LANGUAGE: RECONNAISSANCE: PART 1 Nine centuries of Polish-Jewish contacts in all spheres of life left a mark in Polish. The author of the article decided to check how significant and how durable this trace is, looking in the great dictionaries of the Polish language for units considered as carriers of memory of Jews. The author asks the question which prejudges the fact that a certain unit of language can be considered as a carrier of the memory of Jews and wonders in which linguistic forms this Jewish element can be manifested in dictionaries. The initial analysis included 240 carriers of memory (“verbal judaics”), sampled from journals, memoir literature and tourist guides edited after 2000, as well as two dictionaries intended for the mass audience: the Dictionary of Polish edited by M. Szymczak and Another Dictionary of Polish edited by M. Bańko. It turned out that these dictionaries recorded only 25% of the collected corps of verbal judaics, often depriving the definitions of these units of the Jewish component. The author reflects on the social consequences of this state of affairs and its relationship with the “collective narcissism” of the Polish society, and on the historical policy pursued by the Polish state.
Rzeczownikowe formacje z pół- w ujęciu historycznym (na materiale słownikowym)
Authors: Kurdyła Tomasz
Published: May 2022

NOMINAL FORMATIONS WITH PÓŁ- IN THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE (BASED ON LEXICAL MATERIAL) This article is dedicated to derivatives with the pół- unit that appears in general Polish. Such derivatives have already been the subject of researchers of Polish. In this text the author focused on two aspects: the morphological status of those derivatives and their historical development from the eldest times (the Old Polish period) until now. Contrary to appearances, not all derivatives with pół- are compounds. The analysis of their lexical and word-formation meanings leads one to the conclusion that many of them are simple derivatives in which the meaning of the pół- unit is far from the basic meaning, which is why it should be treated as a unit with the function of a prefix formant. Those formant meanings of pół- are of modification (more often) or mutation (more rarely) nature. The historical development of those derivatives is presented on the basis of lexical material. The derivatives have been functioning since the Old Polish times, but they have been changing both in terms of quality and quantity. SStp includes only 37 formations with pół-, but more and more of them appeared in later centuries. The highest increase in their number is noted in SW (almost a half of a thousand derivatives), after which their number has decreased (in SWJP there are 121 of them). Until now this has been a living and productive word-formation type. Three most important kinds of those formations have been distinguished in the historical perspective: 1) compounds with pół- meaning ‘a half’, which are relatively numerous and stable throughout the whole developmental period; 2) small categories (e.g. ‘one of two’, ‘the middle’, ‘a kind’), which are created by a small number of derivatives, but constitute their stem in that they are static in terms of quantity; 3) large and, at the same time, static categories, which are changing over time, i.e. they either significantly grow in number (‘not really’) or significantly decrease the number (‘a half with reference to measurements’ and exocentric compounds).
Wpływ wieku i płci na realizację samogłosek [i], [y] w gwarze Mazowsza bliższego
Authors: Garczyńska Justyna
Published: May 2022

AGE AND GENDER EFFECT IN PHONETIC PRODUCTION OF [I], [Y] IN THE NEAR MAZOVIA DIALECT
In the present study, acoustic measures of first and second formant frequencies of [i], [y] in the contexts of hard consonants were obtained from spontaneous texts produced by 18 talkers representing both genders and living in the Near Mazovia. The differences between [i], [y] and the effect of gender and age on F1, F2 of these vowels were examined. The influence of standard Polish on [i], [y] was also described. It was found that none of the respondents identify [i], [y], both the age and gender have an effect on F1, F2 [i], [y], and the changes in F1, F2 of the vowel [y] in the group of men are the result of influences of standard Polish. New tendencies were also noticed – fronting of [i] in the middle and younger generation of men and women, and backing of [y] in the middle and younger generation of women.
Aksjologiczna wartość hymnów państwowych Słowian w ujęciu porównawczym
Authors: Niewiara Aleksandra
Published: May 2022

AXIOLOGICAL VALUE OF STATE ANTHEMS OF THE SLAVS IN A COMPARATIVE APPROACH The author suggests a method for determining the set of values of Slavic cultures that is based on the analysis of important cultural texts. Examples of such texts are national anthems. Thirteen hymns of Slavic states and the national anthem of the Lusatians were analyzed. It was found that some of the distinguished semantic components correspond to the sets of Slavic values discussed in literature (LIFE, HEALTH, FAMILY, HOME, EARTH, WORK, LOVE, BEAUTY, HAPPINESS, WISDOM, SINCERITY, FAITHFULNESS, HONESTY, JUSTICE, FREEDOM, HONOUR, FAITH, GOD). It has been shown that as a result of grouping the components into networked clusters of concepts, it is possible to discover basic axiological binary oppositions (LIFE – DEATH, CONSENT – DISCORD), and in the course of linguistic and cultural analysis, relationships between apparently unrelated components can be revealed.
New speakers versus old speakers. O akwizycji języka niemieckiego dwóch pokoleń na Mazurach
Authors: Jorroch Anna
Published: May 2022

NEW SPEAKERS VERSUS OLD SPEAKERS: ABOUT GERMAN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN TWO GENERATIONS IN MASURIA
This article presents part of the results of a field study carried out in Masuria in Summer 2018, in the framework of the international Beethoven 2 project: “Generational language differentiation: morphosyntactic changes resulting from Polish-German language contact in the speech of bilingual persons” financed by Narodowe Centrum Nauki (National Science Centre), project no. 2016/23/G/HS2/04369, affiliated with the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Science. The author focuses on two different linguistic situations connected with acquisition of German language by new speakers, or adults who learn a language during organized educational classes, in relation to old speakers, or those who learnt the language in their childhood, in the context of their homes or families. The members of both groups were born in Masuria, which was part of East Prussia before World War II, and was incorporated into Poland after 1945. The language change in that territory has had an important effect on the acquisition process of the Polish and the German languages, and on the language biographies of the speakers. However, the notion of generation included in the title of this paper does not necessarily have to refer to changes in the diachronic approach, but can also address synchronically occurring conditions, as both old and new speakers can be representatives of various generations of the same family or members of the same community and of similar age.
Managing the Double Bind: Women Directors’ Participation Tactics in the Gendered Boardroom
Authors: Trzebiatowski Tiffany , McCluney Courtney , Hernandez Morela
Published: May 2022

Women leaders who fail to manage the double bind by displaying both warmth and competence can face backlash, creating pressure for women to invest thought, time, and effort into their self-presentation. Research to date lacks theoretical insights around how women in the highest levels of leadership manage the double bind in natural settings. Our inductive study of interviews with 43 women directors on U.S. publicly traded company boards offers an insider’s perspective of participation tactics that women use to manage the double bind in male-dominated contexts. We found two features unique to advisory roles—a requirement that advisors possess a large breadth of knowledge and a time constraint whereby advisors meet less frequently with their peers—that suggest women directors adapt and learn how to participate on gendered boards. We uncovered six gendered participation tactics that mitigate stereotypical concerns for women to appear warm and/or competent on boards. We further reveal how women directors selectively use specific gendered participation tactics over others to effectively achieve their participation aims, which, in turn, helps them avoid backlash for mismanaging the double bind. Finally, we find that this matching process is constrained by the amount and scope of use related to the unique features of the advisory role. The emergence and trade-offs between the use of these novel gendered participation tactics deepen our theoretical understanding of women’s participation in advisory roles.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1599 .
PENINGKATAN PERAN KELOMPOK REHABILITASI BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PENYANDANG DISABILITAS
Authors: Surwanti Arni , Puspitosari Warih Andan
Published: May 2022

Layanan pada penyandang disabilitas berbasis lembaga atau melalui panti membutuhkan pembiayaan tinggiÂ  serta layanan pada penyandang disabilitas yang dapat dijangkai sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itu Kementerian Sosial sebagai leading sector penanganan masalah disabilitas telah menggulirkan kebijakan pemberdayaan disabilitas yang menitikberatkan pada partisipasi aktif keluarga dan masyarakat.Desa Panggungharjo salah satu desa di Kecamatan Sewon Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta telah memiliki Kelompok Berbasis Masyarakat/RBM. Sebagai lembaga di Desa yang masih baru kelompok Rehabilitasi Berbasis Masyarakat ini masih belum menunjukkan perannya dengan baik dalam memberikan layanan pada penyandang Disabilitas. Hal ini karena pemahaman personil dalam kelompok ini tentang issue disabilitas masih terbatas. Sementara itu di sisi lain pada saat ini, penyandang disabilitasÂ  di Desa Panggungharjo masih menghadapi persoalan yang berkenaan dengan kesejahteraan.Program Kemitraan Masyarakat diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut denganÂ  pertama, melakukan peningkatan kualitas personil kelompok rehabilitasi berbasis masyarakat. Kedua, pendampingan pada Kelompok Rehabilitasi Berbasis Masyarakat untuk melakukan kegiatan-kegiatannya. Ketiga, peningkatan kapasitas penyandang disabilitas melalui pemberian pelatihan motivasi, pelatihan ketrampilan & manajemen kewirausahaan pada penyandang disabilitas; pembentukan kelompok usaha serta serta adanya pendampingan usaha yang dijalankan penyandang disabilitas.Guna menjadi keberlanjutan program, diharapkan dapat menggunakan dana anggaran desa, dana anggaran kecamatan dan dana anggaran kabupatenÂ  dengan dukungan kelompok rehabilitas berbasis masyarakat.
PENYULUHAN DAN PELATIHAN PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH ANORGANIK DAN ORGANIK MENJADI ECOBRICK DAN PUPUK CAIR ORGANIK
Authors: Amelia Shinta , Rahayu Aster , Salamah Siti
Published: May 2022

Perkembangan populasi masyarakat Indonesia sedemikian pesat sehingga menimbulkan berbagai dampak baik positif maupun negative. Salah satu dampak negative yang ditimbulkan akibat pertumbuhan penduduk adalah sampah. Setiap rumah tangga menghasilkan sampah yang tidak sedikit jumlahnya. Beban pengelolaan sampah saat ini tergantung pada Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) di masing-masing daerah. Sehingga hal ini menimbulkan dampak sosial dan lingkungan yang cukup serius. Masalah sampah tidak hanya terdapat di wilayah perkotaan namun telah sampai pada wilayah pedesaan. Masyarakat pedesaan biasanya membuang sampah langsung ke sungai atau membakarnya di kebun mereka. Pola kebiasaan tersebut dapat menimbulkan pencemaran udara maupun lingkungan perairan. Oleh karena itu, pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengedukasi masyarakat agar dapat memilah sampah menurut jenisnya sehingga tahap selanjutnya sampah tersebut lebih mudah untuk diolah menjadi barang yang bernilai jual. Berdasarkan jenisnya sampah dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu sampah anorganik dan sampah organik. Sampah anorganik yang dihasilkan dalam rumah tangga antara lain, botol, plastik kemasan makanan maupun minuman. Sedangkan sampah organik yang dihasilkan rumah tangga seperti, sisa sayur, sisa buah maupun sisa makanan. Dalam pengabdian ini masyarakat diberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan mengenai cara memilah dan mengolah sampah anorganik maupun organik. Sampah anorganik dioleh menjadi ecobrick sedangkan sampah organik diolah menjadi pupuk cair. Hasil pengabdian ini adalah dapat menambah wawasan dan merubah pola penanganan sampah di masyarakat agar lebih peduli terhadap kelestarian lingkungan. Selain itu teknologi sederhana dan ramah lingkungan sehingga masyarakat dapat mengaplikasikan langsung untuk mengolah sampah rumah tangganya secara mandiri. Â Â Â