bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Dew Point Corrosion Mechanism of Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Unit Low-Temperature Part
Authors: Lin Hong Xian , Qu Zhan , Fan Yu Guang
Published: August 2013

In view of dew point corrosion for the emergence of low-temperature part of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit, from the analysis of the main factors for the impact of dew-point temperature,we make the calculation of the dew-point temperature and composition of the liquid .And it is calculated through the examples of calculation steps. We can get a different component content will lead to the different dew point temperature, when the dew point temperature changes, the liquid component of the dew-point percentage and the position with the corresponding change.
The Effect of Cementation on the Mechanical Properties of Muddy Soil of East-South Coastal Area of China
Authors: Jiang Chao Hua , Wu Fei , Wang Tao , Fan Ke
Published: August 2013

Based on characteristic of the muddy soil residing in east-south coastal area of China, the effect of cement grade, cement-mixing ration and cement type on mechanical properties of cement-soil was carried out in this paper. The results show that cement-soil increases obviously with increasing of hydration age for different cement types. At early hydration age, strength of cement-soil increases quickly. And at the age of 28d~90d, strength of cement-soil still show quite obvious increasing, but increase rate is slow. Increasing cement-mixing ratio improve strength of cement-soil obviously and 0.15~0.20 cement-mixing ratio is suitable to use. Higher cement grade can bring higher strength of cement-soil. Early strength of cement-soil solidified with P.S32.5 increases slowly, but the middle and late stage strength of cement-soil solidified with P.S32.5 increase quickly. The solidification effect of P.S 32.5 is better than that of AEC32.5 and P.MSR32.5.
Influence of Moisture States of Recycled Coarse Aggregates on the Slump Test
Authors: González Julia García , Robles Desirée Rodríguez , Valdés Andrés Juan , Morán del Pozo Julia M. , Romero M. Ignacio Guerra
Published: August 2013

The use of recycled aggregate to produce new concretes has become increasingly widespread, and numerous studies have demonstrated that the final product performs similarly to traditional concrete. However, construction and demolition waste (CDW) presents certain characteristics which could limit its acceptance in the construction sector due to worse performance than natural aggregates. One example of this is water absorption, which in recycled aggregates reaches such high values that the amount of free water calculated for mixing the concrete is affected, consequently impacting on the concrete's properties, especially consistency. This paper reports the possibility of solving this problem with a simple and inexpensive method; pre-saturation of recycled aggregates prior to adding them to the mix. The results of two different pre-treatments are compared; one consisted of immersing the aggregates in water for 10 minutes and the other, in addition to the above procedure, included a brief period of air drying and subsequent elimination of surface water from the aggregate. Both pre-treatments were found to solve the problem of consistency.
Mechanical Performance between the Embedded Steel Plate and the Concrete in Composite Shear Walls
Authors: Cao Wan Lin , Dong Hong Ying , Zhang Wen Jiang , Zhang Jian Wei
Published: August 2013

In order to strengthen the co-work performance between the steel plate and concrete, the anchorage construction of arrayed studs were welded on both sides of the plate according to a super high-rise building in Beijing. Eighteen specimens of embedded steel plate concrete shear walls with arrayed studs were tested by pushing out under monotonic loading in this paper. Some parameters, such as the thickness of the concrete wall, the thickness of steel plate, the diameter, the length and the amount of the studs and the rate of reinforcement for distributing bars in the walls were considered. The shear bearing capacity, load-slip relationship, strains of the steel plate and studs, mechanical properties and failure mode were analyzed. The effect of stud layout on the coordinate work of the concrete plate was studied. Results show that the shear bearing capacity is obviously improved by using smaller diameter studs or decreasing the distance between studs when the total area of studs is kept unchanged. The thickness of the steel plate has almost no effect on the shear bearing capacity. The ratio of the length to the diameter of the studs should be not less than 4. A simplified mechanics calculated method to estimate the shear bearing capacity of this kind of shear wall was put forward. And the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Effect of Vertical Component of Earthquake on the Response of Pure-Friction Base-Isolated Structures
Authors: Gu Wei , Wen Xiao Dong , Cai Wei , Liu Bin
Published: August 2013

The objective of this research is to investigate the dynamic responses of the masonry structure with base-isolation system under the vertical earthquake. Through inter-story shear model with the multi-degree of freedom, the equation of motion and the distinguishing rule between slide and joggle were established. The effects of vertical component of earthquake on the response of pure-friction base-isolated structure were analyzed. Results show that the inter-story displacement, inter-story shear force and acceleration at lower layers are increased, but the response value at topper layers and the maximum displacement at isolated layer are less affected. The maximum displacement at isolated layer is mainly affected by frictional coefficient, sort condition and earthquake intensity.
Study Finite Element Analysis of Monopile Foundation Based on Mechanical Mechanics and Properties of Steel Structure for Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Mei Bi Xiang
Published: August 2013

Statistical data shows that monopile foundation accounts for more than 65% of all foundations for offshore wind turbines,so it is of great engineering value to perform the research on the design and analysis of the monopile foundation. By its application environments and structure features,based on a design example of monopile foundation for a offshore wind farm,the paper performs the following sequence of works including the establishment of finite element model for monopile foundation, the calculation of foundation bearing capacity and deformation, modal analysis and fatigue analysis, etc.The paper gives the related design results, which is used for reference for designers.
Research on Roll Welding Process of Cu/Al Composite Plates
Authors: Chen Xi Liang , Shi Qing Nan
Published: August 2013

Cu/Al composites have the advantage of both copper and aluminum, i.e., the high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and low contact resistance of copper; the lightweight and corrosion resistant of aluminum. Roll welding is one common method to produce Cu/Al composite plates. The effects of rolling reduction ratio and annealing temperature on combined strength are analyzed by experiments. The results demonstrate that the combined strength increases with the increase of rolling reduction ratio, and at around 300°C the combined strength achieves the maximum value. The reason is then analyzed respectively. The results are helpful for understanding the Cu/Al combing mechanism, and are useful for improving the producing process of Cu/Al composite plates.
Single Micro Pile in Debris Landslide Anti-Sliding Mechanism Model Test Research
Authors: Cai Qiang , Kong Ji Ming , Zhang Yin
Published: August 2013

Micro-piles are widely used because of its own advantages, but relatively few theoretical studies about its anti-slide mechanism. Firstly, the mechanical properties of the model pile into calibration tests, to get of elastoplastic session elastic modulus, were 0.69×104MPa and 0.04×104MPa.Through the different pile spacing under a single row of miniature pile reinforcement debris landslide indoor model experiment to study the micro-piles against sliding mechanism. The test results show that: different pile spacing, single row of micro-pile soil pressure mainly concentrated in the range of slip surface more than 1/3 of the pile. The smaller pile spacing, soil arching effect, the greater the micro pile skid failure critical moment, the micro pile can withstand landslide thrust the greater skid the better.
Soil Nailing Optimization Design of Foundation Pit Based on Response Surface of SVM Technology
Authors: Liu Tian , Cao Jing , Liu Hai Ming , Zhao Hui Min
Published: August 2013

In order to study the soil nail optimization of foundation pit and obtain the global optimal solution, this paper establishes the predictive model of response surface by combining uniform test design(UD) and the support vector machine(SVM) technology. In order to avoid the disadvantages of large amount of calculation and low efficiency in heuristic algorithm, and to gain the optimal model of the explicitly analytical function in gradient algorithm, based on the predictive model of response surface under the constraint conditions, the foundation pit soil nailing is optimized through the application of enumerative algorithm. Through an engineering example, it is showed that is a time-saving method and don't need explicitly analytical model. Meanwhile, it can obtain the global optimal solution.
Study on Bridge Pile Load Test Status and Existing Problems
Authors: Zhang Xue Feng , Li Qing Ning , Ma Ye
Published: August 2013

This paper introduced the relative merits and open questions of common methods of pile foundation static load test. And a revolutionizing foundation testing technology ,Statnamic has been introduced in the paper. The Satanamic load test has been developed to meet the construction industrys demand for an accurate and cost-effective method of determing the load bearing capacity of high capacity piles.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Intake Port Combination Effect on Intake Flow Characteristic in a Highly Intensified Diesel Engine
Authors: Li Hong Meng , Li Guo Xiu , Hou Yuan Jing , Yu Yu Song
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the three-dimensional CFD method is used in numerical simulation of the highly intensified diesel engine intake process. The effect of different intake flow compound modes on the highly intensified diesel engine is studied (Including compounded port with helical and tangential intake port, compounded port with two helical intake ports and compounded port with two tangential intake ports). By contrasting the instantaneous flow field, flow characteristic and inlet ability of the three compound modes, the pattern of influence on the inlet flow characteristics by compound modes is analyzed. The results indicate that the combinations of the intake port greatly affect the swirl rate and the inlet ability. The interference of the two helical intake ports is serious, causing more inlet loss. The two helical intake ports have the weakest inlet ability among the three types of intake ports. However, two helical intake ports can cause higher swirl rate. Two tangential intake ports inlet ability is the most excellent, but its swirl rate is the lowest.
Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Elastomers from Polyacids Composed of Vegetable Oils
Authors: Zeimaran Ehsan , Bahraeian Sobhan , Ghanbari Taravat , Pourshahrestani Sara , Nor Hussin Mohd
Published: August 2013

Supramolecular elastomers were synthesized using vegetable oil materials namely palm acid oil (PAO) and sunflower oil (SFO). The oils were first epoxidized using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The epoxidized oils and adipic acid were then reacted to make polyacids, mainly triacid. Finally, diethylenetriamine (DETA) was added to polyacid to yield fatty amide and a polycondensation with urea performed to achieve the desired elastomers. The synthesized materials were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) in order to determine structure, type of bonding and thermal stability. The spectrums revealed that the synthesized fatty amides are contained amide groups that correctly formed from reaction of amine groups of DETA and acid functionality of polyacids. Moreover, the resulted structures showed the formation of multiple hydrogen-bonding in the elastomers. TGA thermograms clearly indicated good thermal stability of the elastomers to 500 °C.
Effect of Blend Ratio on Phase Morphology and Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene and Poly (Butylene Succinate) Blend
Authors: Aontee Ajcharaporn , Sutapun Wimonlak
Published: August 2013

In this work, the effect of HDPE and PBS blend ratio on mechanical properties and phase morphology of the blend was investigated. HDPE/PBS blends were prepared at HDPE content of 20, 30, and 40 wt.% via melt mixing process and then molded using an injection machine. HDPE/PBS blend was an immiscible blend with a type of dispersed in matrix morphology and coalescence phase morphology depending on HDPE content. The blend morphology of 20 wt.% HDPE/PBS blend was a type of spherical domain dispersed in the PBS matrix. As increase HDPE content, the dispersed HDPE particles became larger and the shape turned into worm-like and elongated structure. In addition, at 40 wt.% HDPE, coalescence phase morphology was obtained. It was found that the PBS blends containing 30-40 wt.% HDPE did not show yield point; they exhibited brittle failure behavior. For tensile properties, yield strength and stress at break of HDPE/PBS blend gradually decreased with increasing HDPE content. However, addition of HDPE into PBS matrix resulted in an increase of Youngs modulus of the PBS blend. Impact strength of the blends was much lower than that of neat PBS but the impact strength of the blend insignificant changed with 30-40 wt.% HDPE comparing to that with 20 wt.% HDPE.
Extraction of Keratin from Chicken Feather and Electrospinning of the Keratin/PLA Blends
Authors: Na Ayutthaya Siriorn Isarankura , Woothikanokkhan Jatuphorn
Published: August 2013

Keratins were extracted from chicken feather waste by sulphitolysis method, using various sodium metabisulphite contents. The extracted keratin was characterized by FT-IR and gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) techniques. The extracted keratin with the highest molecular weight (12-20 kDa) was then selected for further study on electrospinning. The keratin/PLA solutions with a variety of blending ratios (10/90 to 90/10 w/w) were prepared before fabrication by electrospinning process. Morphology of the electrospun fiber was examined by using SEM technique, From the results, it was found that keratin/PLA blends containing 90 %wt of keratin could not be electrospun into fiber. By decreasing the keratin content to below 70 %wt, the blend solution can be electrospun into fiber. FT-IR spectrum of the keratin/PLA fiber showed the presence of peaks representing both keratin and PLA. These results confirmed that the fiber composed of both polymeric phases.
Effects of Non-Rhythmical Paroxysmal Stimulation on EEG-EMG Coherence during Still Standing in Humans
Authors: Sui Jian Feng , Young Cristopher , Ji Lin Hong
Published: August 2013

In many previous studies, neuronal oscillations in humans under 1530 Hz activity have been observed, correlated with rhythmical motor output. In this present study, we observed the influence of non-rhythmical paroxysmal stimulation on cortical neurons by analyzing the coherence between electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG). The non-rhythmical stimulation was performed by using this method that the braced force of the subjects one foot was released suddenly when the subject was standing still. The surface EMG signals from the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius muscles of 10 healthy subjects were recorded, and the cortical activities of contralateral cortical sensorimotor areas were also recorded simultaneously by EEG during the experiment. The data indicates that the range (10-25Hz) synchronization represents a state of the cortico-muscular network when the balance is broken which the braced force of subjects one foot is released suddenly.
Synthesis, Characterization, DNA-Binding Study of C15H12O4N2 and its Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Song Chao Chao , Liu Xiang Rong , Zhao Shun Sheng , Wang Jun , Ren Jing Wen , Li Kan She
Published: August 2013

A new series complexes of Ln nitrate with H2L, where Ln stands for La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, and H2L is 2-carboxybenzaldehyde- (4-hydroxy) benzoylhydrazone, were synthesized. Elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy were used to characterize and found that the complexes were Ln (HL)2(NO3)·4EtOH·4H2O type. The binding mode of complexes with CTDNA was investigated by UV-Vis titration and emission titration, suggesting that the complexes bind with CTDNA in a non-covalent groove binding mode.
Synthesis and Characterization of Melamine Halogen Acid Salts and its Application as Flame Retardant
Authors: Tan Yi Lun , Sun Liu , Shao Si Chun , Fu Jin Peng , Peng Zhi Han
Published: August 2013

In this paper, a series of novel halogen compounds, melamine halogen acid salts were directly synthesized by melamine and halogen acid in water phase. The chemical structures of melamine halogen acid salts were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis and 1H-NMR. Meanwhile, the thermal properties of compounds were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA results showed that melamine halogen acid salts had good thermostability during polymer processing. Futhermore, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test were used to study the flame retardant properties of composites blended by melamine halogen acid salts and polymer. The results revealed good flame retardancy that flame retardant polyethylene with 2 wt% melamine hydrobromide in total 8 wt% flame retardants got LOI value of 29.7% and reached UL 94 V-0 rating.
Study on Properties of Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy Resin Composite Prepared by In Situ Polymerization
Authors: Yue Zhang , Yu Mei Yan , Lan Xi
Published: August 2013

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) treated with an alkali solution were used to toughen epoxy resin (EP) by in-situ polymerization.The effects of different CNTs contents on the impact strength of EP were discussed. The morphology of impact section was investigated too.The results indicated that a certain amount of hydroxy groups were introduced on the surface of CNTs.The impact strength of EP is greatly enhanced with the increase of CNTs/EP weight ratio, and exhibited a maximum when ratio was 0.5.The toughness of CNTs/EP composites was remarkably improved.SEM showed that the fracture pattern of CNTs/EP composites was changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture.
Alkali Lignin as a Carbonization Agent on the Thermal Degradation and Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coating
Authors: Jiao Li Yong , Wu Zheng Jie
Published: August 2013

The influence of alkali lignin (AL) as a carbonization agent on the thermal degradation and flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) coating was investigated under air condition, with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as an acid source, and melamine (MEL) as a blowing agent. Compared with a traditional APP/pentaerythritol (PER) /MEL IFR system, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that APP/AL/MEL IFR system could induce the synergistic effect at a much boarder temperature range, and improve the thermal stabilities of the IFR coating. With the increase of AL loading, cone calorimeter test showed the peak heat release rate of the IFR coatings decreased from 54.86 MJ/m2to 41.06 MJ/m2.
Constitutive Equation of 5Cr21Mn9Ni4N Valve Steel during Hot Compression
Authors: Cheng Yong Qi , Zhang Zheng Rong , Zheng Miao Yan , Mo Dong Qiang
Published: August 2013

The hot compression tests on a Gleeble-1500D thermal mechanics simulator were carried out under the strain rate range of 1~ 0.005s-1 at the temperature range of 873-1373K in order to evaluate the constitutive equation of 5Cr21Mn9Ni4N valve steel. All of the flow stress curves exhibit a single peak stress, after which the stress is followed by a steady state regime. The results indicate that the deforming behavior is strongly depending on the strain rate and the deforming temperature. According the experimental data, the hyperbolic law is used to develop the constitutive equations. In the constitutive equations, the effect of the deforming temperature and the strain rate are represented by the Zener-Hollomam parameter. And the flow stress curves are coinciding with the constitutive equation of .
Study and Evaluation on Dispersion of Molybdenum Disulfide in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wu Chao , Hou Suo Xia , Zhang Hao Qiang , Jia Xiao Ming
Published: August 2013

The effects of surfactants, such as sodium oleate soap, triethanolamine oleate, MOA, OP-4, had been studied for the dispersion of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in aqueous solution. And the lubricating property of the water dispersion system had been observed by four-ball tester. The results show that sodium oleate soap, MOA and OP-4 have the excellent composite effect for the dispersion of MoS2 aqueous solution, and having a best ratio (wt%) for sodium oleate soap: MOA: OP-4 = 1: 1.8: 2.
Effect of Different Sintering Temperature on the Performance of Mullite-Corundum Refractory Materials
Authors: Li Ping , Gu Xing Yong , Luo Ting , Chen Yun Xia
Published: August 2013

Al (OH)3, Suzhou kaolin, AlF3 and V2O5 were premixed and pelleted to form the precursor for fabricating the mullite whisker, and then the precursor was added into the calcined bauxite and Suzhou kaolin mixture according to a certain mass percent. The mullite-corundum refractory materials with well-dispersed needle-like mullite formed in-situ were prepared. Through studying the effect of different sintering temperatures on the performances of the as-fabricated mullite-corundum refractory materials, it was concluded that the appropriate sintering temperature was 1450 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water absorption, bending strength, coefficient of thermal expansion and the first thermal stress fracture factor were used to characterize and evaluate the materials. The results show that the sintering character and thermal expansion coefficient of the refractory materials increase with the rising sintering temperature. The bending strength of the refractory materials sintered at 1500 °C presented the maximum value and the first thermal stress fracture factor appeared the highest value at 1450 °C.
Numerical Calculation of Dry-Type Transformer and Temperature Rise Analysis
Authors: Lu Chao , Sun Hui Gang , Zheng Qing , Liu Yi Ren , Chen Jian Sheng
Published: August 2013

Comparing to oil transformer, the dry-type transformer minimizes explosion and fire hazard, as well as long product life. Meanwhile winding insulation plays an important role in the reliability, yet winding temperature rise may cause deterioration to the insulation. So it is critical to have temperature rise analysis for hot spot and prediction in the period of prototype design using finite element method, such as CFD. The key factors like completed boundary condition and coupling of electro-magnetic with thermal fluid will be obtained from experiment which could provide more accurate heat transfer coefficient for new design. Relative to method of thermal network, CFD has provided more accurate air convection model and different boundary condition definition, thus it could be an original data for other serial product simulation.
A Study on Furniture Innovative Theory Based on QFD and TRIZ
Authors: Kuang Fu Chun , Wu Zhi Hui , Liu Xin
Published: August 2013

This paper separately analyzed the basic concepts and main points of QFD and TRIZ, discussed the relationship between the two theories and furniture innovation, and then proposed a innovative design model based on QFD and TRIZ, which mainly converts the users’needs into a contradiction matrix of innovative design through the HOQ and uses the creative principles provided by TRIZ to achieve the project design. Based on the example of small dwelling-size apartment’s furniture design, it elaborated the process of the innovative model and verified the effectiveness of the two theories used in furniture design.
Dynamic Modeling and Response Analysis of Lateral-Torsional Coupling Vibration of the Slewing Mechanism of a Hydraulic Excavator
Authors: Yang Xu Juan , Xu Guang Heng , Li Zhao Jun , Wang Ru Gui
Published: August 2013

A lateral-torsional coupled vibration model of the slewing mechanism of a hydraulic excavator is developed with consideration of the effect of lateral vibration and torsional vibration of sun gear and planetary gear on mesh displacement, the mesh stiffness of gear pairs, the bearing stiffness of the planetary and the coupling relationship of two stage planetary gear trains. The dynamic response of the slewing mechanism of a hydraulic excavator is obtained. Compared to the pure torsional vibration, the lateral-torsional vibration model is more reasonable.
Federated IMM-UKF Algorithm for Multi-Sensor Data Fusion
Authors: Xu Tian Lai
Published: August 2013

The accuracy of multi-sensor navigational data fusion by federated Kalman filter will be reduced in condition that the systems dynamics model is nonlinear and the noise statistical properties are unknown. To address this problem, a federated Interacting Multiple Model-Unscented Kalman Filteing (IMM-UKF) algorithm is presented. The UKF is a nonlinear estimation method which can achieve the accuracy at least to the second-order. The IMM estimation algorithm is one of the cost-effective adaptive estimation algorithm for systems involving parametric changes. The combination of IMM with UKF could deal with the problem of nonlinear filtering with uncertain noise. Simulation results show that the method can improve the accuracy of INS/GPS/odometer integrated navigation.
Research on Parallel PZT Phased Array Based Structural Health Monitoring in CFPR
Authors: Sun Ya Jie , Zhang Yong Hong , Tang Hui Qiang , Qian Cheng Shan , Yuan Shen Fang
Published: August 2013

Phased array theroy can controll the Lamb wave beem steering in certain range by adding the time delay to the signals. Phased array theory is used to identify the damge in the structure. One dimensional PZT array is restricted in monitoring distance. Two parellel PZT sensors arrays are utilized to monitor the CFPR structure to extend the monitoring distance and to improve the precision of the damage locatilization. The experiment is done on the CFPR structure by using two parellel PZT arrays to detect the damage in the structure. The results of the experiment is shown on the mapped image. Gray-scale in the mapped image from dark to light corresponds to the signal amplitude from low to high. The highlight of the mapped image is the damage location in the structure. The monitoring results in the CFPR structure by two parellel PZT arrays is accurate and identical.
Exploration of Humidity Data Acquisition System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Authors: Zhang Jun Xia , Wang Bing , Song Ya Ning
Published: August 2013

Exploring a kind of the humidity data acquisition system with higher performance-price ratio is vital to the environmental monitoring. At the present work, a novel of the humidity data acquisition system has been developed so as to collect and store the environmental humidity data. It consists of humidity sensor of DHT11£¬LED digital display and single chip microcomputer (SCM) of AT89S52. AT89S52 was used as the control chip which assembled with humidity sensor of DHT11 and digital display. Moreover, the behavior of humidity data acquisition was simulated with the software of Proteus; the results show that this designed system can collect the humidity data at bigger range. Therefore, the designed humidity acquisition system effectively achieves humidity monitoring, and has advantages of smaller volume, higher performance-price ratio, and portable.
Reliability Analysis for Link Mechanism under Influence of Multiple Factors Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Ke Xue Wei , Hou Jian , Chen Ting Feng
Published: August 2013

Considering the influence of dimensional errors,clearances,friction coefficients,external loads and flex of part comprehensively,a multi-body dynamic model of link mechanism is established by using commercial software.Assuming that the above factors follow normal probability distribution are independent with each other,a mechanism reliability analysis method by combining simulation technology and support vector machine (SVM) are proposed to reduce the computational costs. The obtained results show that the computational costs of the proposed methods are much less than the computational costs of Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS).Therefore, the proposed methods might be efficient and valuable for the reliability analysis of complex mechanism.
The Application and Research of Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining
Authors: Sun Hao , Feng Yi Hua , Li Fu Meng , Huang Hai Xia
Published: August 2013

As a green machining method, the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technology has been investigative by many researchers. Currently, the main directions of MQL research are the type of oil, droplet size and distribution, the form of chips and surface roughness, cutting temperature and tool wear. Further, in order to achieve a good surface finish on a machined part with an optimum amount of MQL or a new tool material is to be replaced with lower coefficient of friction and high heat resistance.
The Dynamic Effect Analysis of Transient Unloading due to Blasting Excavation in Deep and Hard Rock Roadway
Authors: Guo Jun , Gan De Qing , Tan Jing , Lv Gui Lin
Published: August 2013

The dynamic effect analysis of transient unloading is one of main points to the mechanism of rock fragmentation by blasting. The paper introduces the details of rhe effect of instantaneous unloading to rock fragmentation by blasting. Use the dynamic finite element method to calculate the process of transient unloading of excavation; get some conclusions about transient unloading.
The Rejuvenating and Aging Performances of Aged SBS Modified Asphalt Treated by Different Rejuvenator Sealer Materials
Authors: Wan Li , Wu Shao Peng , Lei Min , Jenkins Kim
Published: August 2013

Currently, rejuvenator seal which is one of the preventive maintenance methods is more widely used due to its economic benefits and convenience. This paper described the chemical and rheological evaluation of the aged styrene butadiene styrene modified asphalt (ASMA) treated by two rejuvenator sealer materials (RSMs). First the ASMA was rejuvenated by mixing with the RSMs. Then the ASMA and two rejuvenated binders were re-aged by 10h PAV test. At last, the new binder, ASMA, rejuvenated ASMAs, re-aged binders were tested by Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the first aging of the new binder had a significant decrease of the low temperature performance and slight improvement of the high temperature performance. In addition, the high temperature performance increased obviously after 10h PAV test. Two RSMs could significantly soften the aged binder due to increase of maltene content existing in the RSMs, and the rejuvenated binder exhibited a better low performance after the 10h PAV test. However they cannot restore the low temperature completely because that RSMs cannot remedy the degradation of SBS modifier and remove the carbonyl produced in the aging progress.
Femi Osofisan tackles graft and corruption: A reading of his socially committed plays
Authors: Ajidahun C. O.
Published: August 2013

Graft and corruption have become endemic and insidious in the Nigerian society that governance and leadership have continued to lack integrity and legitimacy. Femi Osofisan, a dedicated and committed apostle of change and social justice, has skilfully utilized the platform of drama to expose and ridicule the prevalence, pervasiveness and debilitating effects of graft and corruption as social vices in Nigeria. Following the tradition of African Drama’s commitment to social issues, Osofisan berates all the tiers of government and the public office holders for the country’s economic woes and the general poverty level of Nigerians. The concern of this paper is, therefore, an intense sociological exploration of Osofisan’s plays that satirize and lampoon the seemingly legalized practice of bribery and corruption in Nigeria. A contextual and theoretical framework is provided for the paper to enable readers to have a clear conceptual understanding of the discourse. The paper also balances the pejorative and optimistic views of Osofisan on a decadent society. It concludes with his encomiums on those who have remained resolute and unwavering and his prognosis that the society will become better when such distinguished men and women are emulated and celebrated.
Patch exploitation by planktivorous fish and the concept of aggregation as an antipredation defense in zooplankton
Authors: Gliwicz Z. Maciej , Maszczyk Piotr , Jabłoński Jędrzej , Wrzosek Dariusz
Published: August 2013

Contrary to the suggestion that swarming can be used as an antipredation defense in zooplankton, the individual risk of a planktonic prey (Daphnia) increased rather than decreased with prey density up to 20–30 individuals L−1, suggesting that planktivorous fish (roach [Rutilus rutilus L.]) preferentially feed where prey is more abundant, and confirming that planktonic prey may use both high‐ and low‐density antipredation refuges at densities greater than 30 and lower than 20 individuals L−1, respectively. This was revealed in experiments conducted in a system of interconnected 1 m3 tanks with patchy Daphnia distribution, where fish were allowed to feed from dusk to dawn. The decline in Daphnia density was most dramatic in the tank with the highest prey abundance (reduction of up to 90%) as a result of a sigmoidal functional response (in capture rate of individual fish) combined with the rapid relocation of fish to where Daphnia were most plentiful. Adult Daphnia were depleted more rapidly than juveniles, this being most apparent in tanks with a low prey density, where the fish cruising speed doubled, hence the energy gain from small‐bodied prey was probably insufficient to cover the cost of post‐capture accelerations. A compartmental size‐structured population model, which accounts for a predator's numerical response in space and optimization of foraging strategy, predicts less‐selective low‐speed harvesting at higher prey abundance, and high‐speed searching at lower prey abundance, where the predator moves more rapidly in search of aggregations, but the increased cost of post‐capture accelerations leads to lower value juveniles being ignored.
Microbes, macrofauna, and methane: A novel seep community fueled by aerobic methanotrophy
Authors: Thurber Andrew R. , Levin Lisa A. , Rowden Ashley A. , Sommer Stefan , Linke Peter , Kröger Kerstin
Published: August 2013

During the discovery and description of seven New Zealand methane seep sites, an infaunal assemblage dominated by ampharetid polychaetes was found in association with high seabed methane emission. This ampharetid‐bed assemblage had a mean density of 57,000 ± 7800 macrofaunal individuals m−2 and a maximum wet biomass of 274 g m−2, both being among the greatest recorded from deep‐sea methane seeps. We investigated these questions: Does the species assemblage present within these ampharetid beds form a distinct seep community on the New Zealand margin? and What type of chemoautotrophic microbes fuel this heterotrophic community? Unlike the other macro‐infaunal assemblages, the ampharetid‐bed assemblage composition was homogeneous, independent of location. Based on a mixing model of species‐specific mass and isotopic composition, combined with published respiration measurements, we estimated that this community consumes 29–90 mmol C m−2 d−1 of methane‐fueled biomass; this is > 290 times the carbon fixed by anaerobic methane oxidizers in these ampharetid beds. A fatty acid biomarker approach supported the finding that this community, unlike those previously known, consumes primarily aerobic methanotrophic bacteria. Due to the novel microbial fueling and high methane flux rates, New Zealand's ampharetid beds provide a model system to study the influence of metazoan grazing on microbially mediated biogeochemical cycles, including those that involve greenhouse gas emissions.
Increased intracellular concentrations of DMSP and DMSO in iron‐limited oceanic phytoplankton Thalassiosira oceanica and Trichodesmium erythraeum
Authors: Bucciarelli Eva , Ridame Céline , Sunda William G. , Dimier-Hugueney Céline , Cheize Marie , Belviso Sauveur
Published: August 2013

We investigated the link between iron (Fe) limitation and intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) concentration in two oceanic phytoplankton species, the diatom Thalassiosira oceanica and the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations were also measured in Fe‐replete and Fe‐limited T. oceanica. Fe limitation decreased the growth rates of T. oceanica and T. erythraeum by 33‐fold and 3.5‐fold, respectively and increased intracellular DMSP (DMSPp) concentrations by 12‐fold (from 2.8 to 33.7 mmol Lcell−1) and by 45‐fold (from 0.05 to 2.27 mmol Ltrichome−1), respectively. Intracellular dimethylsulfoxide (DMSOp) concentrations in T. oceanica increased by 5‐fold under severe Fe limitation, from 0.78 mmol Lcell−1 in Fe‐replete cells to 3.86 mmol Lcell−1. The increase in DMSPp and DMSOp under Fe limitation provides support for the role of these sulfur compounds as antioxidants. Under severe Fe limitation, the large increase in DMSPp : C and DMSP : chlorophyll a (Chl a) ratios for both T. oceanica (by 16‐ and 40‐fold, respectively) and T. erythraeum (by 18‐ and 145‐fold, respectively) places these species above the range of values generally attributed to diatoms and cyanophytes. Comparison of these values with in situ results, such as those from Fe fertilization experiments, suggests that the decrease in DMSPp : Chl a and DMSOp : Chl a that is generally observed with alleviation of Fe limitation may be partly related to decreases in DMSPp and DMSOp in individual species. The role of diatoms and diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the biogeochemical cycle of dimethylsulfide and associated sulfur compounds in Fe‐limited oceanic environments should not be overlooked.
Food web consequences of size‐based predation and vertical migration of an invertebrate predator (Leptodora kindtii)
Authors: Vogt R. J. , Matthews B. , Cobb T. P. , Graham M. D. , Leavitt P. R.
Published: August 2013

In an intensive study of the vertical and horizontal distribution of zooplankton in a eutrophic lake (Katepwa Lake), we found that only adult Leptodora kindtii (> 5 mm in body size) exhibited diel vertical migration (DVM), whereas juvenile Leptodora (< 5 mm) and other zooplankton species did not. Even though a longitudinal survey of five lakes (1994–2004) indicated that variation in Leptodora density was correlated with several indicators of habitat use (e.g., water temperature) and resource availability (e.g., zooplankton abundance), feeding experiments performed in both lit and unlit conditions demonstrated that a vertebrate predator (perch) strongly reduced Leptodora abundances under all conditions and always preferentially selected large‐bodied individuals. Collectively, this evidence suggests that the migratory behavior of large Leptodora is consistent with an anti‐predator defense strategy. To estimate the ecological significance of Leptodora DVM behavior, we modeled how predation rates on different zooplankton taxa differed between day and night in Katepwa Lake. We found that Leptodora had as much as five‐fold higher prey‐specific predation rates at night, particularly for intermediate‐sized prey. We conclude that ignoring the habitat use, size‐structure, and vertical migration behavior of Leptodora could considerably underestimate the significance of invertebrate predation in lake food webs, particularly in eutrophic lakes where Leptodora can coexist at high densities with planktivorous fish.
Development and Validation of a Portable Platform for Deploying Decision-Support Algorithms in Prehospital Settings
Authors: Khitrov M. Y. , Chen L. , Blood A. , Wilkins K. , Doyle W. , Wilcox S. , Denison T. , Reifman J. , Reisner A. T.
Published: August 2013

Background: Advanced decision-support capabilities for prehospital trauma care may prove effective at improving patient care. Such functionality would be possible if an analysis platform were connected to a transport vital-signs monitor. In practice, there are technical challenges to implementing such a system. Not only must each individual component be reliable, but, in addition, the connectivity between components must be reliable.

Objective: We describe the development, validation, and deployment of the Automated Processing of Physiologic Registry for Assessment of Injury Severity (APPRAISE) platform, intended to serve as a test bed to help evaluate the performance of decision-support algorithms in a prehospital environment.

Methods: We describe the hardware selected and the software implemented, and the procedures used for laboratory and field testing.

Results: The APPRAISE platform met performance goals in both laboratory testing (using a vital-sign data simulator) and initial field testing. After its field testing, the platform has been in use on Boston MedFlight air ambulances since February of 2010.

Conclusion: These experiences may prove informative to other technology developers and to healthcare stakeholders seeking to invest in connected electronic systems for prehospital as well as in-hospital use. Our experiences illustrate two sets of important questions: are the individual components reliable (e.g., physical integrity, power, core functionality, and end-user interaction) and is the connectivity between components reliable (e.g., communication protocols and the metadata necessary for data interpretation)? While all potential operational issues cannot be fully anticipated and eliminated during development, thoughtful design and phased testing steps can reduce, if not eliminate, technical surprises.
Enhanced production of oxidised mercury over the tropical Pacific Ocean: a key missing oxidation pathway
Authors: Wang F. , Saiz-Lopez A. , Mahajan A. S. , Gómez Martín J. C. , Armstrong D. , Lemes M. , Hay T. , Prados-Roman C.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Mercury is a contaminant of global concern. It is transported in the atmosphere primarily as gaseous elemental mercury, but its reactivity and deposition to the surface environment, through which it enters the aquatic food chain, is greatly enhanced following oxidation. Measurements of oxidised mercury in the polar to sub-tropical marine boundary layer have suggested that photolytically produced bromine atoms are the primary oxidant of mercury. We report year-round measurements of elemental and oxidised mercury, along with ozone, halogen oxides (IO and BrO) and nitrogen oxides (NO2), in the marine boundary layer over the Galápagos Islands in the Equatorial Pacific. Elemental mercury concentration remained low throughout the year, while considerable concentrations of oxidised mercury occurred around midday. Our results show that the production of oxidised mercury in the tropical marine boundary layer cannot be accounted for by only bromine oxidation, or by the inclusion of ozone and hydroxyl. A two-step oxidation mechanism where the HgBr intermediate is further oxidised to Hg(II) depends critically on the stability of HgBr. If the current paradigm is considered, another oxidant is needed to explain more than 50% of the observed oxidised mercury. We show that atomic iodine could play the role of the missing oxidant, explaining not only the Hg(II) levels observed, but also the daily variability. However, more recent theoretical calculations indicate that the thermal dissociation rate of HgBr is much faster, by an order of magnitude, than previously reported, which implies that only trace gases at relatively high mixing ratios forming stable complexes with HgBr (such as HO2 and NO2) could compete to generate levels of Hg(II) similar to those observed in our study. Nevertheless, the daily variability of oxidised mercury is not well accounted for by using these new theoretically estimated rates. Furthermore, correlation analysis does not support a major role of NO2 or HO2. We conclude that the key pathway that significantly enhances atmospheric mercury oxidation and deposition to the tropical oceans is missing from the current understanding of atmospheric mercury oxidation.
Assessing the Risk and Prognosis of Thrombotic Complications in Cancer Patients
Authors: Kyriazi Vasiliki , Theodoulou Elisavet
Published: August 2013

Context.—Cancer is characterized by the development of a prothrombotic state. Approximately 15% to 20% and 1.5% to 3.1% of cancer patients develop venous and arterial thrombosis, respectively, whereas 18% to 20% of idiopathic venous events are caused by an occult neoplasia. The highest risk is observed in hematologic, gastrointestinal, and lung malignancies, as well as in patients with active disease, especially in the first 3 months after cancer diagnosis. Hospitalization, surgical interventions, and implanted venous devices increase the thrombotic risk. Patients with metastatic disease, febrile neutropenia, infections, and severe comorbidities experience more frequently a thrombotic event. A contemporary prechemotherapy predictive model incorporates both clinical and biologic parameters, such as the primary cancer site, platelet count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, use of erythropoietic agents, and body mass index. Several studies aim to clarify the prognostic value of tissue factor, P-selectin, thrombin generation, microparticles, and D-dimers.

Objectives.—To summarize current views on epidemiology, risk factors, and predictive variables, discussing the future perspectives and existing limitations in clinical practice.

Data Sources.—Review of published literature, including review papers, epidemiologic studies, and clinical trials, in online medical databases.

Conclusions.—The thrombogenic properties of tumor cells affect the prognosis and quality of life for the cancer population. Despite the improved awareness and prompt use of thromboprophylaxis, recent studies reported increased rates of thrombotic events, whereas the annual risks for thrombosis recurrence and bleeding are 21% and 12%, respectively. The clinical use of risk factors and prognostic parameters could allow for patient risk stratification and individualization of anticoagulant treatment.
Cutaneous Hypertrophic Lupus Erythematosus: A Challenging Histopathologic Diagnosis in the Absence of Clinical Information
Authors: Arps David P. , Patel Rajiv M.
Published: August 2013

Hypertrophic lupus erythematosus (HLE) is rare variant of chronic cutaneous lupus characterized histologically by irregular epidermal hyperplasia associated with features of classic chronic cutaneous lupus, including interface changes. Lesions frequently demonstrate reactive squamous atypia of the basal layer and may show histopathologic overlap with other more common cutaneous atypical squamoproliferative lesions. Typical histologic features of cutaneous lupus, such as follicular plugging, angiocentric lymphocytic inflammation, and dermal mucin, are very helpful clues to the diagnosis of hypertrophic lupus erythematosus. Recently, immunohistochemistry for CD123 used to detect increased plasmacytoid dendrocytes in hypertrophic lupus erythematosus has proven to be diagnostically useful. A high index of suspicion for hypertrophic lupus erythematosus is essential to avoid overdiagnosis of squamous neoplasia, particularly in limited cutaneous biopsies in the absence of adequate clinical information.