bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Crop Canopy and Rainfall Intensities on Runoff in Alfisols of Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka
Authors: Jakati Soumya P , Murukannappa  , Rajashekarappa K. S. , Devaraja K. , M. H Manjunatha
Published: October 2024

Dryland ecosystems are highly susceptible to water and wind erosion due to the lack of vegetation on the soil surface. Plant and residue cover act as a protective shield, slowing down runoff and allowing water to infiltrate. The right crop selection, considering rainfall intensity, market demand, and resources, is crucial for soil and water conservation in dryland agriculture. Crops with good biomass, canopy cover, and extensive root systems effectively protect against erosion and reduce nutrient loss. Intercropping enhances soil coverage and shields the soil from raindrop impact. To address these issues, a study aimed to identify suitable crops and cropping systems in the Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, focusing on the relationship between rainfall characteristics, crop canopy cover, and runoff during different growth stages. The experiment included five open field plots totaling 20,304 m²: T1 (Pomelo) - 3,226 m², T2 (Castor) - 5,255 m², T3 (Pigeon pea) - 5,585 m², T4 (Chickpea) - 5,998 m², and T5 (control, no crop) - 240 m². Among the treatments, Pomelo (T1) had the lowest runoff of 5.33%, with substantial canopy cover (11.66 m²/tree). Castor (T2) recorded 7.23% runoff with 0.37 m²/plant cover, Pigeon pea (T3) had 8.44% with 0.34 m²/plant, Chickpea (T4) had 11.94% with the least cover (0.01 m²/plant) and Control (T5) with no crop cover had a 17.43% of runoff. The statistical analysis of the parameter was subjected to one factor CRD analysis and the results are significant with respect to crop canopy cover and runoff. The results showed that higher canopy cover effectively intercepts rainwater, allowing for better infiltration and reduced runoff. From a soil health perspective, T1 (Pomelo) was the most effective at minimizing runoff and retaining moisture during dry spells.
Effect of Redgram Residue Incorporation on Yields of Redgram and Foxtail Millet in Redgram-Foxtail Millet Intercropping System
Authors: K. Sai Manjeera, , V. Sailaja, , K. Sammi Reddy, , M.V.S. Naidu, , Y. Padmalatha, , R. Lakshmipathi,
Published: October 2024

The redgram-foxtail millet intercropping system is a sustainable agricultural practice that optimizes resource use, with redgram enriching soil fertility through nitrogen fixation and foxtail millet providing high yields in drought-prone, low-nutrient soils. Foxtail millet is highly valued for its nutritional benefits, including being rich in proteins, fiber, and essential minerals,  while also being drought-tolerant and suitable for cultivation in semi-arid regions, making it crucial for food security and climate-resilient farming. Incorporating redgram residue into soil enhances nutrient availability and organic matter content, improving soil structure and fertility. This practice not only supports the growth of subsequent crops but also promotes sustainable agricultural practices by reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. Hence, a field experiment was conducted at RARS, Lam in Kharif, 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the effect of organics (Redgram residue and FYM) and bio-fertilizers (VAM and PSB) on grain yields of Redgram and Foxtail millet in Redgram-Foxtail millet intercropping system. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising eight treatments replicated thrice and the treatment combinations include different organics (FYM @ 10 t ha-1, Redgram residue @ 4 t ha-1), Bio-fertilizers and microbial inoculants (Decomposing inoculum, VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1, PSB @ 1.25 L ha-1) and Inorganic fertilizers (RDF @ 20-50 kg N-P2O5 ha-1). Redgram residue incorporation (RRI) when combined with decomposing inoculum (DI), FYM, VAM and PSB resulted in significantly higher redgram seed yields of 1326 kg ha-1 in Kharif, 2021 and 1492 kg ha-1 in Kharif, 2022 respectively. A similar trend was also observed in foxtail millet in both the years with significantly higher grain yield of 1252 kg ha-1 in Kharif, 2021 and 1492 kg ha-1 in Kharif, 2022 respectively. Redgram equivalent yields were also found to be significantly higher in the treatment involving Redgram residue incorporation (RRI) when combined with decomposing inoculum (DI), FYM, VAM and PSB being 2414 kg ha-1 in Kharif, 2021 and 1997 kg ha-1 in Kharif, 2022 respectively.
Studies on the Ecology, Host Interactions, and Management of Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink of Horticultural Ecosystem: A Review
Authors: Borkakati Rudra N. , Deka Mukul K. , Borah Birinchi Kr. , Pathak Samiran , Paswan Raju Prasad , Rahman Naseema , Bhattacharjee Snigdha , Nath Bharat Chandra
Published: October 2024

Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are significant agricultural pests affecting a wide variety of crops, including cotton, papaya, and ornamental plants. Traditionally, chemical insecticides have been employed for mealybug control, but their overuse has led to issues such as pesticide resistance, environmental contamination, and non-target effects on beneficial organisms. In contrast, biological control methods using natural enemies like parasitoids (Anagyrus loecki, Acerophagus papayae, Aenasius bambawalei) and predators (Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae) have shown promise in reducing mealybug populations while maintaining ecological balance. This review compares the effectiveness of biological control agents with chemical control strategies. Studies have demonstrated the high specificity and eco-friendliness of biological agents, although their effectiveness can vary depending on environmental conditions. Conversely, chemical insecticides offer rapid results but pose significant risks to the environment and biodiversity. The integration of both approaches through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs emerges as a promising strategy for achieving sustainable, long-term control of mealybugs. This review highlights the importance of combining biological control with selective chemical use, offering a comprehensive overview of mealybug management strategies.
Varietal Assessment of Gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.) for Growth, Flowering Characteristics, Yield and Economics under Highland Agroclimatic Conditions of Wayanad, Kerala, India
Authors: N. E. Safia, , M. R. Manjusha , Balan Alaka S. , M. R. Ashitha , C. V. Deepa Rani
Published: October 2024

Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflora L.) is a significant commercial flower that has been grown all over the world since the late 16th century. It is perfect for both garden displays and floral arrangements. It ranks first in the world for the trade of bulbous flowers and eighth for the production of cut flowers. This study was carried out to assess the high-yielding gladiolus variety in Wayanad conditions. To determine the growth and yield character of four commercial varieties of Gladiolus viz., Arka Amar, Arka Ayush, Arka Kesar, and Arka Tilak was planted in open fields under ecological conditions of Wayanad. These varieties were compared for their plant height, spike length, number of florets, floret diameter, and yield. As the result of the study, the data reveals that the maximum plant height was recorded in Arka Kesar (134 cm) followed by Arka Amar (126 cm). Spike length was recorded highest at (114.66 cm) in Arka Kesar followed by (112.33cm) in Arka Amar. Floret diameter was recorded highest in Arka Tilak (11.47 cm) and lowest was recorded in Arka Ayush (8.43 cm). The number of florets was observed maximum in Arka Kesar (20.10) followed by Arka Amar (18.30). The number of spikes/hectare was recorded maximum in Arka Kesar (2.40 lakhs) followed by Arka Amar (2.25 lakhs).
Reflexões finais sobre o Seminário 40 Anos do PPG-AU/FAUFBA
Authors: Huapaya-Espinoza José Carlos
Published: October 2024

O texto é a transcrição da fala final no Seminário 40 Anos do PPG-AU/FAUFBA do então Coordenador de tal programa de pós-graduação, em que faz um balanço do seminário e aponta questões de reflexão para os próximos anos.
Assis Reis: arquitetura, regionalismo e modernidade
Authors: Nery Pedro Aloísio Cedraz
Published: October 2024

O estudo de certas expressões arquitetônicas no Brasil, cognominadas de regionais, constituiu o propósito do presente texto. Essas expressões se destacaram como uma alternativa aos ditames do movimento moderno, a partir de 1960 e após Brasília, como um reflexo do trabalho da segunda geração dos modernistas brasileiros. Tomou-se como parâmetro a produção do arquiteto Assis Reis, na Bahia, entre os anos de 1952 e 1992, período destacado pelo caráter homogêneo da obra e marcante pelas as suas referências locais. É um método projetual que considera a suplantação do movimento moderno, a partir dos vínculos locais e dos reclames por uma pluralidade na arquitetura brasileira. Dessa forma, avalia em que medida é possível relacionar-se arquitetura, regionalismo e modernidade, um experimento que ora é apresentado de forma resumida.
TENSÃO MODERNO/POPULAR em Lina Bo Bardi: nexos de arquitetura
Authors: Rosseti Eduardo Pierroti
Published: October 2024

Este artigo aborda as relações, o caráter e a qualidade das vinculações da arquitetura de Lina Bo Bardi com questões relativas à cultura popular. Para explorar os limites e construir este recorte, foram organizadas as três instâncias que qualificam a tensão moderno/popular e estabelecem seus nexos de arquitetura. Essas frentes de articulação abordam a materialidade e a invenção do projeto, o espaço moderno e seu uso popular e as transformações das escalas de produção pretendidas pela arquiteta com uma Escola de Desenho Industrial e Artesanato em Salvador.
The playing of children in situation of social vulnerability: family perspective / O brincar de crianças em situação de vulnerabilidade social: perspectiva da família
Authors: Carvalho Pinheiro Kneip Thalyta , Cazissi da Silva Camila , Bazoni Soares Maia Edmara , Macedo Cordeiro Samara , De Lione Melo Luciana
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: compreender o brincar de crianças em vulnerabilidade social, na perspectiva da família. Método: trata-se de estudo qualitativo fundamentado na estrutura do fenômeno situado, que utilizou referencial teórico piagetiano, com 12 famílias de crianças que atingiram o score mínimo na Escala de Risco Familiar. A coleta dos dados ocorreu entre setembro de 2021 e maio de 2022. Resultados: emergiram três categorias temáticas, organizadas considerando o sistema ESAR para classificação de materiais lúdicos: atividades lúdicas, habilidades funcionais e atividades sociais. Os discursos evidenciaram que o brincar das crianças respeitou os estágios do desenvolvimento sensório-motor e pré-operacional. Os riscos social e de saúde não foram empecilhos para o brincar, embora a família seja apenas observadora. Conclusão: É preciso realizar educação em saúde, para informar às famílias, sobre a importância do brincar para o desenvolvimento saudável das crianças.
Transcription instability in high‐risk neuroblastoma is associated with a global perturbation of chromatin domains
Authors: Zanon Carlo , Tonini Gian Paolo
Published: September 2017

Chromosome instability has a pivotal role among the hallmarks of cancer, but its transcriptional counterpart is rarely considered a relevant factor in cell destabilization. To examine transcription instability (TIN), we first devised a metric we named TIN index and used it to evaluate TIN on a dataset containing more than 500 neuroblastoma samples. We found that metastatic tumors from high‐risk (HR) patients are characterized by significantly different TIN index values compared to low/intermediate‐risk patients. Our results indicate that the TIN index is a good predictor of neuroblastoma patient's outcome, and a related TIN index gene signature (TIN‐signature) is also able to predict the neuroblastoma patient's outcome with high confidence. Interestingly, we find that TIN‐signature genes have a strong positional association with superenhancers in neuroblastoma tumors. Finally, we show that TIN is linked to chromatin structural domains and interferes with their integrity in HR neuroblastoma patients. This novel approach to gene expression analysis broadens the perspective of genome instability investigations to include functional aspects.
Can Measurements of the Near‐Infrared Solar Spectral Irradiance be Reconciled? A New Ground‐Based Assessment Between 4,000 and 10,000 cm−1
Authors: Elsey Jonathan , Coleman Marc D. , Gardiner Tom , Shine Keith P.
Published: September 2017

The near‐infrared solar spectral irradiance (SSI) is of vital importance for understanding the Earth's radiation budget, and in Earth observation applications. Differences between previously published solar spectra (including the commonly used ATLAS3 spectrum) reach up to 10% at the low wavenumber end of the 4,000–10,000 cm−1 (2.5–1 μm) spectral region. The implications for the atmospheric sciences are significant, since this spectral region contains 25% of the incoming total solar irradiance. This work details an updated analysis of the CAVIAR SSI, featuring additional analysis techniques and an updated uncertainty budget using a Monte Carlo method. We report good consistency with ATLAS3 in the 7,000–10,000 cm−1 region where there is confidence in these results due to agreement with other spectra, but ~7% lower in the 4,000–7,000 cm−1 region, in general agreement with several other analyses.
Rupture‐Depth‐Varying Seismicity Patterns for Major and Great (Mw ≥ 7.0) Megathrust Earthquakes
Authors: Wetzler Nadav , Lay Thorne , Brodsky Emily E. , Kanamori Hiroo
Published: September 2017

Large earthquakes on subduction zone plate boundary megathrusts result from intervals of strain accumulation and release. The mechanism diversity and spatial distribution of moderate‐size aftershocks is influenced by the mainshock rupture depth extent. Mainshocks that rupture across the shallow megathrust to near the trench have greater intraplate aftershock faulting diversity than events with rupture confined to deeper portions of the megathrust. Diversity of intraplate aftershock faulting also increases as the size of the mainshock approaches the largest size event to have ruptured that region of the megathrust. Based on these tendencies, we identify “breakthrough” ruptures as those involving shallow rupture of the megathrust with volumetrically extensive elastic strain drop around the plate boundary that allows activation of diverse intraplate faulting influenced by long‐term ambient deformation stresses. In contrast, homogeneity of the aftershock faulting mechanisms indicates only partial release of elastic strain energy and remaining potential for another large rupture.
Removing Circulation Effects to Assess Central U.S. Land‐Atmosphere Interactions in the CESM Large Ensemble
Authors: Merrifield Anna , Lehner Flavio , Xie Shang‐Ping , Deser Clara
Published: September 2017

Interannual variability of summer surface air temperature (SAT) in the central United States (U.S.) is influenced by atmospheric circulation and land surface feedbacks. Here a method of dynamical adjustment is used to remove the effects of circulation on summer SAT variability over North America in the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble. The residual SAT variability is shown to reflect thermodynamic feedbacks associated with land surface conditions. In particular, the central U.S. is a “hot spot” of land‐atmosphere interaction, with residual SAT accounting for more than half of the total SAT variability. Within the “hot spot,” residual SAT anomalies show higher month‐to‐month persistence through the warm season and a redder spectrum than dynamically induced SAT anomalies. Residual SAT variability in this region is also shown to be related to preseason soil moisture conditions, surface flux variability, and local atmospheric pressure anomalies.
Time‐Integral Correlations of Multiple Variables With the Relativistic‐Electron Flux at Geosynchronous Orbit: The Strong Roles of Substorm‐Injected Electrons and the Ion Plasma Sheet
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E.
Published: September 2017

Time‐integral correlations are examined between the geosynchronous relativistic electron flux index Fe1.2 and 31 variables of the solar wind and magnetosphere. An “evolutionary algorithm” is used to maximize correlations. Time integrations (into the past) of the variables are found to be superior to time‐lagged variables for maximizing correlations with the radiation belt. Physical arguments are given as to why. Dominant correlations are found for the substorm‐injected electron flux at geosynchronous orbit and for the pressure of the ion plasma sheet. Different sets of variables are constructed and correlated with Fe1.2: some sets maximize the correlations, and some sets are based on purely solar wind variables. Examining known physical mechanisms that act on the radiation belt, sets of correlations are constructed (1) using magnetospheric variables that control those physical mechanisms and (2) using the solar wind variables that control those magnetospheric variables. Fe1.2‐increasing intervals are correlated separately from Fe1.2‐decreasing intervals, and the introduction of autoregression into the time‐integral correlations is explored. A great impediment to discerning physical cause and effect from the correlations is the fact that all solar wind variables are intercorrelated and carry much of the same information about the time sequence of the solar wind that drives the time sequence of the magnetosphere.
Slip Behavior of the Queen Charlotte Plate Boundary Before and After the 2012, MW 7.8 Haida Gwaii Earthquake: Evidence From Repeating Earthquakes
Authors: Hayward Tim W. , Bostock Michael G.
Published: September 2017

The Queen Charlotte plate boundary, near Haida Gwaii, B.C., includes the dextral, strike‐slip, Queen Charlotte Fault (QCF) and the subduction interface between the downgoing Pacific and overriding North American plates. In this study, we present a comprehensive repeating earthquake catalog that represents an effective slip meter for both structures. The catalog comprises 712 individual earthquakes (0.3≤MW≤3.5) arranged into 224 repeating earthquake families on the basis of waveform similarity and source separation estimates from coda wave interferometry. We employ and extend existing relationships for repeating earthquake magnitudes and slips to provide cumulative slip histories for the QCF and subduction interface in six adjacent zones within the study area between 52.3°N and 53.8°N. We find evidence for creep on both faults; however, creep rates are significantly less than plate motion rates, which suggests partial locking of both faults. The QCF exhibits the highest degrees of locking south of 52.8°N, which indicates that the seismic hazard for a major strike‐slip earthquake is highest in the southern part of the study area. The 28 October 2012, MW 7.8 Haida Gwaii thrust earthquake occurred in our study area and altered the slip dynamics of the plate boundary. The QCF is observed to undergo accelerated, right‐lateral slip for 1–2 months following the earthquake. The subduction interface exhibits afterslip thrust motion that persists for the duration of the study period (i.e., 3 years and 2 months after the Haida Gwaii earthquake). Afterslip is greatest (5.7–8.4 cm/yr) on the periphery of the main rupture zone of the Haida Gwaii event.
Coherent Response of Antarctic Intermediate Water and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation During the Last Deglaciation: Reconciling Contrasting Neodymium Isotope Reconstructions From the Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Gu Sifan , Liu Zhengyu , Zhang Jiaxu , Rempfer Johannes , Joos Fortunat , Oppo Delia W.
Published: September 2017

Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) plays important roles in the global climate system and the global ocean nutrient and carbon cycles. However, it is unclear how AAIW responds to global climate changes. In particular, neodymium isotopic composition (εNd) reconstructions from different locations from the tropical Atlantic have led to a debate on the relationship between northward penetration of AAIW into the tropical Atlantic and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability during the last deglaciation. We resolve this controversy by studying the transient oceanic evolution during the last deglaciation using a neodymium‐enabled ocean model. Our results suggest a coherent response of AAIW and AMOC: when AMOC weakens, the northward penetration and transport of AAIW decrease while its depth and thickness increase. Our study highlights that as part of the return flow of the North Atlantic Deep Water, the northward penetration of AAIW in the Atlantic is determined predominately by AMOC intensity. Moreover, the inconsistency among different tropical Atlantic εNd reconstructions is reconciled by considering their corresponding core locations and depths, which were influenced by different water masses in the past. The very radiogenic water from the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, which was previously overlooked in the interpretations of deglacial εNd variability, can be transported to shallow layers during active AMOC and modulates εNd in the tropical Atlantic. Changes in the AAIW core depth must also be considered. Thus, interpretation of εNd reconstructions from the tropical Atlantic is more complicated than suggested in previous studies.
Davenant,William
Authors: Nevitt Marcus
Published: September 2017

William Davenant (1606–68), dramatist, poet, and Restoration theatre manager, was born in Oxford, the second son of Jane and John Davenant who ran a tavern owned by New College. His origins, though relatively modest, were by no means obscure since Davenant's father, a respected vintner, was elected mayor of Oxford in 1621. Nor were they as glamorous as he occasionally encouraged his friends to believe. In a famous anecdote, recorded after the Restoration by John Aubrey, Davenant would, in his cups with Samuel Butler, intimate that he was Shakespeare's bastard or at least ‘seemed contented enough to be thought his Son’. Though Shakespeare probably was a frequent visitor to the Davenants' tavern, a convenient stopping point between London and Stratford, modern biographers have convincingly dismantled this myth, suggesting that Davenant might perhaps have been his godson, but no more (Edmond 1987). Either way, Davenant spent a short period studying at Lincoln College in his home town before his parents died in 1622, at which point he made his way to London, where he refused to follow the path marked out for him in his father's will which decreed that he was to be ‘put to Prentice to some good marchant of London or other tradesman’. Davenant instead put himself into the service of the aristocracy, first as a page to Frances Howard, duchess of Richmond, and then as a clerk or amanuensis to Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke. It was during his employment in these households that he probably first came into contact with the influential courtiers who would later propel him towards the centre of the nation's culture and politics: Sir Henry Jermyn and Endymion Porter.
D
avies,
J
ohn
Authors: Geng Penelope
Published: September 2017

Sir John Davies (1569–1626) wrote most of his poems between 1593 and 1599 when he was a student of law at the Middle Temple. He was considered by his contemporaries to be a satiric poet of epigrams and ‘gulling’ sonnets. Davies treated poetry as a medium for broadcasting his classical learning and intellectual wit. He used his poems to win favour and secure patronage. Thus, Davies's brief poetic career provides scholars with a case study for the social uses of poetry during the Elizabethan era.
de Vere,Edward, Earl ofOxford
Authors: Kathman David
Published: September 2017

Edward de Vere, seventeenth earl of Oxford (1550–1604), was an Elizabethan courtier poet and playwright, best known today for the movement that claims him as the ‘real’ author of Shakespeare's works. On the death of his father, the sixteenth earl, in 1562 he became earl of Oxford and a royal ward under the guardianship of William Cecil, later Lord Burghley, who provided him with a good education typical of a young Elizabethan nobleman. In 1571 Oxford married Burghley's daughter Anne, but the marriage was not a happy one owing to Oxford's numerous affairs, including a notorious one with Anne Vavasour which produced an illegitimate son and led to Oxford being committed to the Tower. In his youth Oxford was a favourite of Queen Elizabeth, but he fell out of royal favour because of his reckless behaviour, and squandered most of his early promise as well as his family's fortune. In 1586 Elizabeth granted him an annuity of £1,000 to prevent him from going broke. After his first wife died in 1588, Oxford remarried in the winter of 1591/92 to Elizabeth Trentham and spent his last years out of royal favour, petitioning for various income‐producing offices, before dying in 1604 (Nelson 2003).
Donne,John
Authors: Targoff Ramie
Published: September 2017

John Donne (1572–1631) was one of the most original poets of the early seventeenth century, and his verse has engaged readers and students for hundreds of years. Donne was born in London, son of ironmonger John Donne and Elizabeth Heywood, whose father was the playwright John Heywood. On his mother's side, Donne was related to the families of John Rastell and Sir Thomas More, and like them, Donne was raised as a Roman Catholic. He matriculated from Hart Hall, Oxford, in October 1584, but left without taking a degree. His subsequent whereabouts are unknown until May 1592, when he was admitted to Lincoln's Inn. In 1596 and 1597 he served on the Cadiz and Azores missions led by Robert Devereux, earl of Essex, and on his return to England, he was appointed secretary to lord keeper Sir Thomas Egerton, and sat in the 1601 Parliament. By this time, Donne was presumably a practising Protestant. It is believed that many of his satires and erotic elegies can be dated to the 1590s, when they circulated in manuscript to a coterie audience. None of these was published in print, however, until the posthumous 1633 collection,Poems. In December 1601 Donne married Lady Egerton's niece Ann More in a secret ceremony, which led to a short imprisonment in the Fleet, and dismissal from his post. The Donnes left London, moving to Pyford and then to Mitcham in Surrey, where Donne worked as a lawyer, applying for state appointments in vain. Ann Donne gave birth to 12 children, before dying in childbirth in August 1617.
D
owriche,
A
nne
Authors: Jacobs Nicole A.
Published: September 2017

Anne Dowriche (born before 1560, died in or after 1613) was a reformist poet most notable in literary, religious, historical, and feminist traditions for writing
The French historie
(1589), a verse translation of and elaboration upon Jean de Serres's
Commentariorum de statu religionis et reipublicae in regno Galliae (Commentary on the condition of religion and state in the kingdom of France
) (1572–75). Raised and educated at Mount Edgcumbe in Cornwall, the family home her father built, she was the daughter of Sir Richard Edgcumbe and Elizabeth Tregian. The exact dates of her birth and death are unknown, but she is mentioned in her father's will of July 1560 and is known to have been alive in 1613. Her family had been active in national and local politics since the reign of Henry VIII, and her writing provides evidence of her own political and religious agenda.
D
rayton,
M
ichael
Authors: Schwyzer Philip
Published: September 2017

Though the poet and dramatist Michael Drayton (1563–1631) lived into the reign of Charles I and produced his most significant work under King James, he remains inextricably associated with the values and preoccupations of the Elizabethan era. Even in his lifetime, both his contemporaries and Drayton himself were inclined to regard him as a throwback to an earlier and more high‐minded era. Yet his sober morality can be understood, at least in part, as a mannered poetic pose, and this quintessential Elizabethan was a keen observer and satirist of early Stuart politics and social values.
Dryden,John
Authors: Power Henry
Published: September 2017

John Dryden (1631–1700) was a poet and translator whose most significant achievements were his translations from Greek and Latin poetry. He was a convert to Roman Catholicism, and a prominent supporter of the Stuart dynasty.
D
unbar,
W
illiam
Authors: Elliott Elizabeth
Published: September 2017

A key figure in the canon of early Scottish literature, William Dunbar (c.1460–1513/30) is remarkable for his rhetorical virtuosity, and for the rich generic diversity of his poetic corpus. Dunbar locates himself within a vernacular literary tradition stemming from Chaucer, and his work had a significant impact on the poetry of sixteenth‐century Scotland. Identified as a graduate of St Andrews University, Dunbar was probably born around 1460; by 1504, he had become a priest. Between 1500 and 1513, he was a salaried member of King James IV's household, and his poetic career is bound up with the culture of the Scottish court. Accounts from the period following the death of James IV at the battle of Flodden in September 1513 are incomplete, but Dunbar's absence from the records after May of that year suggests that he was dead long before his talent was memorialized by his poetic successor David Lindsay, in 1530.
Dury,John
Authors: Mukherjee Ayesha
Published: September 2017

The son of an exiled Church of Scotland minister, John Dury (or Durie) (1596–1680) was a reformer and preacher whose itinerant career was spent advocating educational reform and religious tolerance. Born in Edinburgh, he grew up in the Netherlands where he enrolled at Leiden University in 1611. After attending the French Huguenot academy in Sedan in 1615 and working as a tutor from 1621 to 1623, he became a preacher for the Walloon Reformed church in Cologne. However, Dury resigned in 1626 following a crisis of faith. He next became secretary to James Spens, English ambassador to Sweden. It was as minister to Scottish and English settlers connected with the English Company of Merchant Adventurers in Elbing, Poland, that Dury met his first patron, Thomas Roe, and established connections with Samuel Hartlib and Johannes Amos Comenius, whose vision of reform he shared. In theological terms, Dury's work laid consistent emphasis on practical or ethical (rather than scholastic or doctrinal) approaches to Christianity. He advocated tolerance based on the establishment of universally accepted ‘fundamental’ doctrines.
F
age,
M
ary
Authors: Sullivan Garrett A.
Published: September 2017

Next to nothing is known about Mary Fage (
fl
. 1637), the author of
Fames roule
(1637). The volume's title page identifies Fage as ‘wife of Robert Fage the younger, Gentleman’. There is reason to believe that she was the daughter of Edward Fage (d.1638), that she married her cousin, and that she hailed from Doddinghurst, Essex. For all of Fage's relative anonymity,
Fames roule
is a text that centres on some of the most famous people of her day, members of the court of Charles I. (With the exception of the queen and her daughters, women are not alluded to in the work.) Robert Fage would seem to have had court connections, although it is not clear if either he or his wife spent much time in Westminster, and Fage's poems ‘give little evidence of actual familiarity with the politically powerful persons she lists’ (Travitsky 1999).
F
airfax,
E
dward
Authors: Britton Dennis Austin
Published: September 2017

Unquestionably, the literary legacy of Edward Fairfax (?1568–?1632/35) is his
Godfrey of Bulloigne, or the recoverie of Jerusalem. Done into English heroicall verse
(1600), a translation of Torquato Tasso's
Gerusalemme liberata
(1580). In his time Fairfax was regarded as an important English poet, evidenced by the fact that Robert Alott frequently quotes lines from
Godfrey
in his miscellany,
Englands Parnassus, or the choysest flowers of our moderne poets
(published just months after
Godfrey
).
F
anshawe,
A
nn
Authors: Goldstein David B.
Published: September 2017

Ann, Lady Fanshawe (1625–80), a Royalist writer, was known during her life primarily as the wife of Sir Richard Fanshawe, the translator and diplomat. She left two unpublished works, a memoir and a cookbook, both of which are of significant historical and literary importance.
F
anshawe,
R
ichard
Authors: Paleit Edward
Published: September 2017

Sir Richard Fanshawe (1608–66) was a prolific, multilingual translator and poet of the mid‐seventeenth century. His chief works are a translation of Battista Guarini's
Il pastor fido
, the founding text of Renaissance tragicomedy (1647; the second edition of 1648 is interesting for its arrangement of supplementary poems and translations), and a translation of the Portuguese national epic
Os lusiadas
by Luís vaz de Camões (1655). A gentleman writer, Fanshawe spent his public life serving the Stuarts as a diplomat and soldier.
F
enner,
D
udley
Authors: Wilson Emma Annette
Published: September 2017

Puritan writer and preacher Dudley Fenner (1558–87) was a pioneering advocate of the English vernacular, a writer of radical theological works, and author of a textbook in English,
The artes of logike and rethorike
(1584), based on the work of French Protestant logician Petrus Ramus. Controversial in several aspects of his professional life, Fenner died in exile in the Low Countries, but his public championing of the English language in theological, pedagogical, and literary forms was innovative and merits further investigation.
Fletcher,John
Authors: Forsyth Jennifer
Published: September 2017

John Fletcher (1579–1625) was a Jacobean dramatist who wrote approximately 52 plays, both singly and in collaboration with other dramatists, between about 1606 and his death in 1625. He co‐wrote at least three plays with William Shakespeare,The two noble kinsmen(1612–13),Henry VIII(1612–13), and the lost playCardenio(1612), and took over as chief dramatist for the King's Men in 1613 after Shakespeare retired. In addition to his collaborations with Shakespeare, Fletcher is best known today for comedies and tragicomedies collaboratively written, first with Francis Beaumont and later with Philip Massinger.
G
orges,
A
rthur
Authors: Gibson Jonathan
Published: September 2017

Arthur Gorges (?1557–1625), a courtier during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I, produced a varied body of literary work: Petrarchan love poetry, translations from Bacon and Lucan, naval treatises, and a narrative elegy for Prince Henry. He has walk‐on parts in literary history as an associate of Sir Walter Ralegh and as a character in Edmund Spenser's
Daphnaïda
(1591).
G
rafton,
R
ichard
Authors: Gordon Andrew
Published: September 2017

Richard Grafton (c.1511–73) was the pioneering printer of the Great Bible under Henry VIII, who went on to become king's printer to Edward VI, producing the Book of Common Prayer and other key texts in the reformation of religious practice. He was also the publisher of chronicles, including those of Edward Hall, and later compiled a successful range of chronicle histories which capitalized on the growing popularity of this form of historical writing. Born around 1511, Grafton was apprenticed to a master grocer, whose clients included archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer and Henry VIII's minister Thomas Cromwell, who would be an influential patron in his future career. As a London citizen Grafton was well connected and later in life held office as warden of the Grocers' Company and governor of the city's hospitals, also sitting as member of parliament for both London and Coventry, although financial mismanagement led to severe debts in the years before his death in 1573 (Ferguson 2004).
Greville,Fulke
Authors: Graham Kenneth J. E.
Published: September 2017

Fulke Greville, first Lord Brooke (1554–1628), was a courtier, member of parliament, and privy councillor whose sonnet sequence, Senecan closet dramas, prose biography of Sir Philip Sidney, and philosophical verse treatises powerfully express the ideals, disappointments, and (for some readers) contradictions of radical Protestantism during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. Once studied chiefly as a poetic stylist, Greville has recently drawn attention more for his political and religious views. The terms of praise have shifted accordingly: while Yvor Winters (1967) wrote that ‘there is a greater density of intellectual content in his work than in the work of any other poet of the Renaissance’, David Norbrook (1984) pronounces Greville ‘one of the most radical Elizabethan poets in his constant denunciations of tyranny and inequality’. In all accounts, Greville was a complicated if not a conflicted man. Famous for his Christian dualism, he also saw religion, politics, and individual bodies and minds as presenting analogous problems centred upon the government of sin in a world where grace is limited; committed as a matter of religious and humanist principle to the uncloistered virtue of public service, he was also a penetrating critic of the political order he served; sensitive to the claims of lawful liberty, he was also a reluctant monarchist whose praise of kings was sometimes simply that monarchy was less bad than other forms of government; devoted to God and the Protestant cause, he also delivered a searing indictment of the visible church; and skilful in the conventions of Petrarchan poetry, he also rejected those conventions and sought a new language to express a new kind of love.
G
riffin,
B
artholomew
Authors: Ebalo Daniel
Published: September 2017

Bartholomew Griffin (
fl
. 1596) was the author of one volume of verse,
Fidessa, more chaste then kinde
(1596), a sequence of 62 sonnets. Critical interest in Griffin is usually limited to the presence of some of his sonnets in the miscellany
The passionate pilgrime
(1599) attributed on its title page to ‘W. Shakespeare’, particularly ‘Venus, and young Adonis sitting by her’. Otherwise Griffin's verse is often dismissed as derivative and without significant merit, yet it serves as a representative example of the sixteenth‐century practice of poetic imitation.
G
rimald,
N
icholas
Authors: Knight Sarah
Published: September 2017

Nicholas Grimald (1519/20–c.1562) was born 10 years into the reign of Henry VIII and died soon after Elizabeth I came to the throne. He was born in the village of Leighton Bromswold in Cambridgeshire, north of Huntingdon, and probably attended a free school in the village. He entered Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1536, gained his BA in 1539–40, then moved to Brasenose College, Oxford. His Cambridge BA was incorporated at Oxford in 1542, and after some time at Brasenose he transferred to Merton College, where he gained his MA in 1544. Over the next few years at Oxford, Grimald composed two Latin plays, which launched his subsequent career as a poet, dramatist, and translator throughout the reigns of Henry, Edward VI, and Mary I.
Fabrication of Calcium Phosphate‐Based Nanocomposites Incorporating DNA Origami, Gold Nanorods, and Anticancer Drugs for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Qu Xiangmeng , Chen Hong , Kong Haixin , Ding Ruihua , Chen Dong , Zhang Xu , Pei Hao , Santos Hélder A. , Hai Mingtan , Weitz David A.
Published: September 2017

DNA origami is designed by folding DNA strands at the nanoscale with arbitrary control. Due to its inherent biological nature, DNA origami is used in drug delivery for enhancement of synergism and multidrug resistance inhibition, cancer diagnosis, and many other biomedical applications, where it shows great potential. However, the inherent instability and low payload capacity of DNA origami restrict its biomedical applications. Here, this paper reports the fabrication of an advanced biocompatible nano‐in‐nanocomposite, which protects DNA origami from degradation and facilities drug loading. The DNA origami, gold nanorods, and molecular targeted drugs are co‐incorporated into pH responsive calcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] nanoparticles. Subsequently, a thin layer of phospholipid is coated onto the Ca3(PO4)2 nanoparticle to offer better biocompatibility. The fabricated nanocomposite shows high drug loading capacity, good biocompatibility, and a photothermal and pH‐responsive payload release profile and it fully protects DNA origami from degradation. The codelivery of DNA origami with cancer drugs synergistically induces cancer cell apoptosis, reduces the multidrug resistance, and enhances the targeted killing efficiency toward human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive cells. This nanocomposite is foreseen to open new horizons for a variety of clinical and biomedical applications.
Nonaqueous Hybrid Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Wang Huanwen , Zhu Changrong , Chao Dongliang , Yan Qingyu , Fan Hong Jin
Published: September 2017

Hybrid metal‐ion capacitors (MICs) (M stands for Li or Na) are designed to deliver high energy density, rapid energy delivery, and long lifespan. The devices are composed of a battery anode and a supercapacitor cathode, and thus become a tradeoff between batteries and supercapacitors. In the past two decades, tremendous efforts have been put into the search for suitable electrode materials to overcome the kinetic imbalance between the battery‐type anode and the capacitor‐type cathode. Recently, some transition‐metal compounds have been found to show pseudocapacitive characteristics in a nonaqueous electrolyte, which makes them interesting high‐rate candidates for hybrid MIC anodes. Here, the material design strategies in Li‐ion and Na‐ion capacitors are summarized, with a focus on pseudocapacitive oxide anodes (Nb2O5, MoO3, etc.), which provide a new opportunity to obtain a higher power density of the hybrid devices. The application of Mxene as an anode material of MICs is also discussed. A perspective to the future research of MICs toward practical applications is proposed to close.
Palladium‐Loaded Hierarchical Flower‐like Tin Dioxide Structure as Chemosensor Exhibiting High Ethanol Response in Humid Conditions
Authors: Zito Cecilia A. , Perfecto Tarcísio M. , Volanti Diogo P.
Published: September 2017

The impact of humidity is a crucial factor in the sensing performance of a chemiresistive gas sensor. Therefore, strategies for developing sensors with a small humidity dependence are required. Herein, the volatile organic compound (VOC)‐sensing performance of palladium‐loaded hierarchical flower‐like tin dioxide structures (Pd/FL‐SnO2) under humid conditions is reported. To prepare the Pd/FL‐SnO2 heterostructures, FL‐SnO2 is first synthesized using a microwave‐assisted solvothermal method, followed by calcination, and then is loaded with Pd nanoparticles (NPs). VOC‐sensing studies are conducted in dry and wet air with relative humidities (RHs) between 25% and 98%. FL‐SnO2 and Pd/FL‐SnO2 exhibit an enhanced response toward ethanol in comparison with other VOCs, including acetone, benzene, methanol, m‐xylene, and toluene. However, FL‐SnO2 with Pd NPs has a substantially decreased optimal working temperature, from 340 to 140 °C, and an improved selectivity. Furthermore, the ethanol response of the Pd/FL‐SnO2 heterostructures is preserved under humid conditions, whereas the response of FL‐SnO2 is significantly affected by humidity. The response to 100 ppm of ethanol under 98% RH is 3.1 and 8.0 for neat FL‐SnO2 and 5% Pd/FL‐SnO2 heterostructure, respectively. The ethanol‐sensing performance enhancement under high humidity is attributed to the Pd/SnO2 heterointerface.
Metallic Sn‐Based Anode Materials: Application in High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ying Hangjun , Han Wei‐Qiang
Published: September 2017

With the fast‐growing demand for green and safe energy sources, rechargeable ion batteries have gradually occupied the major current market of energy storage devices due to their advantages of high capacities, long cycling life, superior rate ability, and so on. Metallic Sn‐based anodes are perceived as one of the most promising alternatives to the conventional graphite anode and have attracted great attention due to the high theoretical capacities of Sn in both lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) (994 mA h g−1) and sodium‐ion batteries (847 mA h g−1). Though Sony has used Sn–Co–C nanocomposites as its commercial LIB anodes, to develop even better batteries using metallic Sn‐based anodes there are still two main obstacles that must be overcome: poor cycling stability and low coulombic efficiency. In this review, the latest and most outstanding developments in metallic Sn‐based anodes for LIBs and SIBs are summarized. And it covers the modification strategies including size control, alloying, and structure design to effectually improve the electrochemical properties. The superiorities and limitations are analyzed and discussed, aiming to provide an in‐depth understanding of the theoretical works and practical developments of metallic Sn‐based anode materials.
Hierarchically Porous, Ultrathick, “Breathable” Wood‐Derived Cathode for Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Song Huiyu , Xu Shaomao , Li Yiju , Dai Jiaqi , Gong Amy , Zhu Mingwei , Zhu Chunliang , Chen Chaoji , Chen Yanan , Yao Yonggang , Liu Boyang , Song Jianwei , Pastel Glenn , Hu Liangbing
Published: September 2017

In this work, a hierarchically porous and ultrathick “breathable” wood‐based cathode for high‐performance Li‐O2 batteries is developed. The 3D carbon matrix obtained from the carbonized and activated wood (denoted as CA‐wood) serves as a superconductive current collector and an ideal porous host for accommodating catalysts. The ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on the porous wall of the aligned microchannels (denoted as CA‐wood/Ru). The aligned open microchannels inside the carbon matrix contribute to unimpeded oxygen gas diffusion. Moreover, the hierarchical pores on the microchannel walls can be facilely impregnated by electrolyte, forming a continuous supply of electrolyte. As a result, numerous ideal triphase active sites are formed where electrolyte, oxygen, and catalyst accumulate on the porous walls of microchannels. Benefiting from the numerous well‐balanced triple‐phase active sites, the assembled Li‐O2 battery with the CA‐wood/Ru cathode (thickness: ≈700 µm) shows a high specific area capacity of 8.58 mA h cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2. Moreover, the areal capacity can be further increased to 56.0 mA h cm−2 by using an ultrathick CA‐wood/Ru cathode with a thickness of ≈3.4 mm. The facile ultrathick wood‐based cathodes can be applied to other cathodes to achieve a super high areal capacity without sacrificing the electrochemical performance.
Ternary Organic Solar Cells with >11% Efficiency Incorporating Thick Photoactive Layer and Nonfullerene Small Molecule Acceptor
Authors: Zhang Tong , Zhao Xiaoli , Yang Dalei , Tian Yumeng , Yang Xiaoniu
Published: September 2017

Currently, constructing ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) and developing nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (n‐SMAs) are two pivotal avenues to enhance the device performance. However, introducing n‐SMAs into the ternary OSCs to construct thick layer device is still a challenge due to their inferior charge transport property and unclear aggregation mechanism. In this work, a novel wide band gap copolymer 4,8‐bis(4,5‐dioctylthiophen‐2‐yl) benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐N‐(2‐hexyldecyl)‐5,5′‐bis(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bithiophene‐3,3′‐dicarboximide (PDOT) is designed and blend of PDOT:PC71BM achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.5% with active layer thickness over 200 nm. The rationally selected n‐SMA based on a bulky seven‐ring fused core (indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) end‐capped with 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene) malononitrile groups (ITIC) is introduced into the host binary PDOT:PC71BM system to extend the absorption range and reduce the photo energy loss. After fully investigating the morphology evolution of the ternary blends, the different aggregation behavior of n‐SMAs with respect to their fullerene counterpart is revealed and the adverse effect of introducing n‐SMAs on charge transport is successfully avoided. The ternary OSC delivers a PCE of 11.2% with a 230 nm thick active layer, which is among the highest efficiencies of thick layer OSCs. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using n‐SMAs to construct a thick layer ternary device for the first time, which will greatly promote the efficiency of thick layer ternary devices.