bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adolescent female athletes with menstrual dysfunction report worse sleep and stress than those without menstrual dysfunction
Authors: Meyers Rachel , Brna Madison L. , Donahue Catherine , Sweeney Emily , Howell David , Armento Aubrey
Published: February 2025

Context: Menstrual dysfunction among adolescent female athletes is associated with both an increased musculoskeletal injury risk and poor psychological health.

Objective: To examine if adolescent flag football athletes with menstrual dysfunction report different levels of energy, mood, sleep, and stress during the season compared to those without menstrual dysfunction.

Design: Prospective cohort study

Setting: A series of questionnaires pre-season, in-season weekly, and post-season to athletes in Denver Metro Area

Patients or Other Participants: Female athletes with and without self-reported menstrual dysfunction who participated in a high school flag football season.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Quality of life measures (energy, mood, sleep, and stress) rated weekly from 0 (low energy, poor mood, poor sleep, low stress) to 10 (high energy, best mood, great sleep, and high stress).

Results: Of the 60 adolescent female flag football athletes enrolled, 15 (25%) reported menstrual dysfunction. The groups were not significantly different in mean ratings for energy (5.3±1.1 vs.5.1±1.4; p=0.70) or mood (5.6±1.1 vs. 6.0±1.5; p=0.32). However, the menstrual dysfunction group reported significantly worse sleep (4.2±1.3 vs. 5.2±1.4; p=0.02) and more stress (7.0±1.0 vs. 5.9±1.3; p=0.005) than those without menstrual dysfunction. When adjusting for school year, BMI, and injuries sustained during the season, menstrual dysfunction was significantly associated with worse sleep (β= -0.98; 95% CI= -1.82, -0.13; p=0.03) and more stress (β=1.11; 95% CI=0.35, 1.87; p=0.005).

Conclusion: Flag football athletes with menstrual dysfunction reported worse sleep and more stress compared to those without menstrual dysfunction. These findings contribute to the importance of monitoring and addressing menstrual dysfunction and its association with quality of life factors in female adolescent athletes.
Evidence Gathering and Recommendation Building Procedures for Position Statements: New Methodology
Authors: Yeargin Susan W. , Scarneo-Miller Samantha E. , Radzak Kara N. , Hosokawa Yuri , Bazett-Jones David M. , Welch Bacon Cailee E. , Resnick Portia B. , Marshall Ashley N. , Thomas Stephen J.
Published: February 2025

Position statements are utilized by healthcare organizations to summarize evidence and clearly articulate consensus on best practices. The procedures for developing position statements by the National Athletic Trainers’ Association and the NATA Research and Education Foundation have been updated to enhance transparency, reduce bias, and better incorporate the available research to support clinical care recommendations. The paper details the processes of topic selection, author group formation, evidence gathering, and recommendation building, emphasizing the systematic approach and the inclusion of diverse expertise. These changes ensure that future position statements, starting from June 2024, will be more rigorously developed and serve as a reliable resource for athletic trainers, other healthcare providers, and important stakeholders in various settings.
Simplified Level 2 Vegetation Processor – Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (SL2P-CCRS) for estimating biophysical variables using multispectral-imager data
Authors: Fernandes R. A. , Djamai N.
Published: February 2025

Il existe un consensus sur la nécessité de surveiller globalement les variables biophysiques du couvert végétal à une résolution moyenne (<1 ha) et avec une fréquence de <=10 jours (Organisation Météorologique Mondiale, 2016). Les capteurs satellites multispectraux conçus pour satisfaire aux exigences de mesure pour cette tâche sont et continueront d'être disponibles (https://gcos.wmo.int/en/essential-climate-variables/requirements). Le Simplified Level 2 Processor – D (SL2P-D) produit des estimations des variables biophysiques du couvert végétal à partir d'entrées de réflectance multispectrale bidirectionnelle, soit en haut de l'atmosphère (TOA), soit en haut du couvert végétal (TOC), ainsi que des angles d'illumination, de vue et d'azimut relatif. Des modèles de régression non linéaires distincts sont utilisés pour estimer la valeur attendue et l'erreur quadratique moyenne attendue de chaque variable. Les estimateurs de régression sont optimisés pour les entrées de réflectance multispectrale (c'est-à-dire <10 bandes avec une largeur de bande >10 nm) mais peuvent être appliqués à des spectres arbitraires tant qu'un modèle de transfert radiatif avec une précision suffisante pour simuler ces spectres est inclus dans le processeur. La paramétrisation, l'algorithme et les résultats d'échantillons du SL2PD sont présentés et comparés à son prédécesseur, SL2P (Weiss et Baret, 2016).
Practical insights for enhancing primary care rehabilitation services in low-resource contexts
Authors: Charumbira Maria Y. , Berner Karina , Louw Quinette A.
Published: February 2025

Background: Rehabilitation services are crucial for addressing the growing burden of functioning problems related to chronic conditions in low and middle-income countries. These services, however, remain limited in South Africa and Zimbabwe’s primary health care (PHC) settings.Aim: To identify recommendations for enhancing the accessibility and quality of rehabilitation services in PHC in South Africa and Zimbabwe from the perspectives of primary care providers (PCPs) and patients.Setting: Ten PHC facilities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa and in Manicaland, Zimbabwe.Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 37 PCPs and 40 patients. Thematic analysis of transcribed and translated data was done in ATLAS.ti version 22.2.4.Results: Five key recommendations emerged: (1) provide rehabilitation services closer to home through facility-based services, outreach, home visits and telerehabilitation; (2) improve patient awareness of rehabilitation through patient education, community engagement and patients actively seeking information; (3) enhance PCPs’ knowledge and basic skills in rehabilitation through training and guideline development; (4) improve communication among PHC stakeholders; and (5) advocate for rehabilitation inclusion in leadership, resource allocation and multi-disciplinary teams.Conclusion: Implementing the identified recommendations could significantly improve the accessibility and quality of rehabilitation services in PHC, aligning with global initiatives to scale up rehabilitation in health systems. Future research should focus on evaluating the implementation and impact of these recommendations.Contribution: The study emphasises the inclusion of PCPs’ and end-users’ voices in providing practical, context-specific strategies for establishing or strengthening rehabilitation services in low-resource PHC settings.
Candida tropicalis Alters Barrier Permeability and Claudin-1 Organization in Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Doan Ha The , Chiu Yi-Ling , Cheng Li-Chieh , Coad Rae Apaivongse , Chiang Hao-Sen
Published: February 2025

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the gut and compromised intestinal barrier function, resulting from aberrant immune responses targeting the intestinal microbiota. While the involvement of Candida albicans in IBD pathogenesis is well-documented, the role of non-albicans Candida species in IBD remains less understood. Recent studies have identified a correlation between elevated levels of Candida tropicalis, a notable non-albicans opportunistic fungus, and the development of IBD. However, the precise impact of C. tropicalis on intestinal barrier function is not well elucidated. To address this knowledge gap, we utilized a cell model comprising polarized Caco-2 monolayers, which mimic the intestinal epithelium, to investigate the interaction between C. tropicalis and intestinal barrier function. Our results showed that incubation with C. tropicalis influenced transepithelial electrical resistance and increased permeability to the small molecule lucifer yellow, but did not affect permeability to the larger molecule fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran. In addition, we observed internalization of the tight junction protein claudin-1 in the Caco-2 monolayers. Further experiments using Caco-2 monolayers exposed to the dectin-1 ligand zymosan induced similar changes in the distribution of claudin-1 but did not alter monolayer permeability. These findings suggest that C. tropicalis specifically affects intestinal barrier integrity and permeability to smaller solutes in intestinal epithelial cells.
Pleural small cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Maru Paheli , Gandhi Jahnavi , Shah Majal , Shah Ashini , Trivedi Priti
Published: February 2025

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) is most commonly found in the lung. Extrapulmonary SCC has been reported in various organs. Despite its rarity, primary pleural SCC should be considered along with mesothelioma in the case of a pleura-based mass because of the difference in prognosis and treatment. To highlight the role of morphology and IHC in arriving at a diagnosis of primary pleural SCC. Pleural biopsy with its hematoxylin and eosin-stained and immunohistochemistry slides. Tumor cells were immunoreactive for synaptophysin, chromogranin, CK7, TTF1, and BerEP4, along with focal reactivity for calretinin. The cells were negative for CK5/6, WT1, and mesothelin. A detailed morphological examination plays an important role in ruling out all the tumors displaying small cell features at this site, and a limited IHC panel can aid in arriving at a diagnosis of primary pleural SCC.
Massive edema of ovary masquerading as neoplasm in a preteen girl
Authors: Rathore Ruchi , Jain Surabhi , Kumari Rajesh , Mathur Sandeep
Published: February 2025

Massive ovarian oedema, though rare, frequently mimics an ovarian neoplasm, both clinically and radiologically. Here, we discuss the case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with intermittent pain in the lower abdomen for last one month associated with vomiting. A suspicion of germ cell neoplasm was raised on ultrasound despite mildly raised serum markers. Microscopy from left salpingo-ophrectomy specimen revealed marked oedema of ovarian stroma with preserved primordial follicles at the periphery only. This case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion, clinically, radiologically and pathologically, especially in cases with only mildly raised serum markers to avoid unwarranted surgery and preserve hormonal function as well as fertility in some cases.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Complications of Dysphagia in Stroke Patients Admitted to Medical Wards at a Tertiary Hospital in South India
Authors: Kiran Kumar DVS , Mathensingh Asisha , Kalimuthu Muruga Bharathy , George Philip , Benton Ronald Carey Albert , Thomas Raji , Micheal Rajiv , Mathew Suma Susan , Aaron Sanjith , Bedford Shipra , Santhosh Swapna , Mary Veena Helen , Synthia P Bindu , Visalakshi Jeyaseelan , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Sudarsanam Thambu David
Published: February 2025

Background:

Stroke patients commonly have dysphagia that can lead to aspiration pneumonia and, in some cases, death. The risk factors for poor outcomes have not been described well in a South Indian population.

Objective:

We aimed to assess the incidence of dysphagia and subsequent pneumonia and mortality in a cohort of stroke patients.

Materials and Methods:

We screened 472 consecutive stroke patients, among whom 100 were included. Each patient was assessed by the clinician, speech therapist, and ENT surgeon. We calculated the stroke scores – National Institute of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS), modified Rankin score – as well as the swallowing scores, that is, Mann’s and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) score, and performed video laryngoscopy. We evaluated dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, removal of nasogastric tube, and death for up to 3 months after the diagnosis.

Results:

Of 100 stroke patients, we found that 77 had dysphagia. Twenty-seven (35%) developed pneumonia; 16/27 (59.3%) died within 3 months of ictus. Among the 48 who did not develop pneumonia, six died (12.5%). Compared to a consensus definition of dysphagia, Mann’s score less than 177 rules in dysphagia, while a score more than 187 rules out dysphagia. Higher NIHSS score and weak gag reflex were the independent factors for dysphagia. Most patients with dysphagia improved. Dysphagia is significantly associated with pneumonia (35%) and high mortality (20.8%).

Conclusions:

Dysphagia was seen in 77% of our stroke patients; 28% developed pneumonia. In 3 months, majority recovered from dysphagia. Higher NIHSS scores and a weak gag were independent predictors of dysphagia. Also, 35% with dysphagia developed pneumonia, among whom the mortality was 59.3%.
Construction and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in diabetic patients with severe acute pancreatitis: A retrospective study from a tertiary center
Authors: Zhu Qingcheng , Tan Dingyu , Wang Huihui , Ling Bingyu , Zhao Runmin
Published: February 2025

Background:

There is currently a lack of nomograms specifically designed for predicting the risk of death in diabetic patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The objective of this study was to develop a nomogram tailored to diabetic patients with SAP to predict overall survival.

Methods:

Diabetic patients diagnosed with SAP between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2023 were included in the study. Risk factors were identified through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. Subsequently, a novel nomogram model was developed through multivariable logistic regression analysis. The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated using metrics such as the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results:

A total of 206 patients were included in the analysis, with 171 in the survival group and 35 in the deceased group. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that age, platelet, total bilirubin, and potassium were independent prognostic factors for the survival of diabetic patients with SAP. The nomogram demonstrated a performance comparable to sequential organ failure assessment (P = 0.570). Additionally, the calibration curve showed satisfactory predictive accuracy, and the DCA highlighted the clinical application value of the nomogram.

Conclusion:

We have identified key demographic and laboratory parameters that are associated with the survival of diabetic patients with SAP. These parameters have been utilized to create a precise and user-friendly nomogram, which could be an effective and valuable clinical tool for clinicians.
Development of Composite PCM To Enhance Heat Transfer Rate with the Addition of Nanoparticles in Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Tarigonda Hariprasad , Kumar YB Kishore , Kala Lakshmi K , R L Krupakaran
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the augmentation of thermal conductivity in paraffin wax through the incorporation of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, leading to the development of composite phase change materials (PCMs). The objective is to enhance heat transfer rates, crucial for various energy storage applications including industrial waste heat recovery and solar thermal energy storage. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) testing was employed to experimentally investigate the thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposite PCM. The experimental results reveal that the nanocomposite PCM, composed of 96.14% paraffin wax, 2% aluminum oxide, and 1.6% copper oxide, exhibits 1.35 times increase in heat transfer rate compared to conventional paraffin wax. The integration of nanoparticles into the PCM matrix, facilitated by a magnetic stirrer at 50oC for 4 hours, results in uniform distribution and improved grain morphology, as evidenced by SEM images. Moreover, the composite PCM demonstrates superior performance, surpassing paraffin wax by 1.35 times durin g heating and 1.5 times during cooling, while maintaining similar peak temperatures. The normalized enthalpy of the composite PCM exceeds that of paraffin wax by 1.25 times, highlighting enhanced energy storage capacity. The significant enhancements in thermal conductivity and phase change behavior are attributed to the presence of aluminum oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles. Notably, an optimized composition comprising 96.15% paraffin wax, 2.15% aluminum oxide, and 1.7% copper oxide Considered by mass demonstrates a delicate balance between improved thermal properties and material stability. This study underscores the immense promise of nanoparticles – enhanced composite PCMs as a transformative solution for enhancing thermal energy storage efficiency, with implications for sustainable energy technologies. The results shows that the thermal conductivity improved by 48% and the enthalpy increased by 25%.
Enhancing Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Microchannels with Various Nanofluids
Authors: R L Krupakaran , Petla Ratna Kamala , Anchupogu Praveen , Kala Lakshmi K , Gangula Vidyasagar Reddy , Tarigonda Hariprasad
Published: February 2025

The substantial growth of power converters in electric vehicles necessitates more energy consumption and, as a result, greater heat generation. To avoid the power converter’s excessive heat, an innovative curved microchannel with diamond-shaped and pentagonal cross-sections was developed. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the Gc3N4/Water (0.3%), Al2O3/Water (0.3%), and Al2O3-Gc3N4/Water (0.3%) hybrid nanofluid were assessed. The experimental investigation was carried out by different mass flow rates of about 0.1 to 0.5 LPM under a uniform heat flux of 50 kW/m2. The heat sink had a cross-sectional area of 80×48mm2. In comparison to the diamond channel heat sink through hybrid nanofluids, findings from experiments resulted that the heat transfer rate and pressure drop for the diamond channel enhanced by 14.2% and 18.9%, respectively. In comparison to Gc3N4/Water and Al2O3/Water nanofluids, the hybrid nanofluid improved the heat transfer rate for the diamond micro channel heat sink (MCHS) by 4.9% and 5.8%, respectively. Finally the hybrid MCHS with hybrid no fluid revealed better performance.
Vibrational, Thermal and Mechanical Performance Analysis of Hybrid Composite Plates Composed of Kenaf and Ridge Gourd Fibers with Waste Plastic Materials
Authors: D R Rajkumar , R Baranitharan , Basha Mohamed Humayun , S Kamalesh
Published: February 2025

Before starting your paper, please read, “How to Write an SAE this study investigates the performance and highlights the mechanical, thermal, and vibrational characteristics of hybrid fibre composite plate composed of Kenaf Fibre (KF), Ridge Gourd Fibre (RGF), Waste Plastic Materials (WPM), and matrix materials. The raw materials under goanalkaline treatment involving 2hoursofagitation with 5% NaOH. Following treatment, KF, RGF, and WPM are combined with epoxyres in using compression moulding to form four different hybrid composite plates in the %wt of 10:20:5, 20:10:5, 10:10:5, and 20:20:5. Various tests are conducted to evaluate their properties, including the Tensile Test, Shear Test, and Flexural Test, adhering to ASTM standards D638, D7078, and D790, respectively. The results indicate that 20:20:5 plate showed higher tensile strength (21.70 MPa), flexural strength (77.23 MPa), and shear strength (18.13MPa. Subsequently, Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was conducted on the 20:20:5 composite plate due to its superior mechanical properties than other propositional plates and achieved peak temperature at 432.53OC. finally, all four hybrids composite plates were underwent vibration tests using impact hammer method experimentally, where the fundamental frequencies, damping ratio, and amplitude have better consistency on 20:20:5 plate compared to other combinational plates as well existing available literatures. So, the 20:20:5 proportional composite plate has significant applications in the manufacturing aircraft, automotive, thermal energy devices and construction industries respectively.
Combustion and Emission Analysis of Pelletized vs. Raw Biomass Fuels
Authors: Prasad Malladi Jogendra , Vangipurapu Bapi Raju
Published: February 2025

Biomass fuels, such as sawdust and groundnut shells, are increasingly recognized as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. However, their high moisture content and loose structure result in low thermal efficiency. To improve performance, pellet forms of these fuels are often used. Naturally available raw and pellet forms of Sawdust, groundnut shell fuels have been utilized in this study. This study evaluates and compares the thermal efficiency of a gasifier cook stove and emissions from the combustion of raw and pellet forms of biomass fuels. It was found that the burning rate and firepower increase significantly with the use of pellet from of fuels. Sawdust pellets exhibited a highest thermal efficiency of 22.41%. The hydrocarbon (HC) levels for groundnut shell pellets were observed to range between 1 and 5 parts per million (ppm), while for sawdust pellets, it was observed to range from 1 to 6 ppm, indicating the preferable usage of pellets as fuel over raw form of biomass fuel.
Experimental Investigation and Operating Characteristics of LHR Engine Using Pongamia Pinnata and Azadirachta Indica Biodiesel Blend with Industrial Waste Additive
Authors: R Suresh , R Ashwin , Uppuluri Kiranbabu , T MohanRaj
Published: February 2025

The huge energy demand and environmental anxiety have focused the interest on alternative fuels to the diesel engine. This suggested the worldwide search for renewable, less pollutant and agricultural-based alternative fuel. Also, attention is given to increasing the efficiency of a conventional diesel engine when running on alternative fuels. Non-edible oil derived from Pongamia pinnata and Azadirachta indica seed oil blends as an alternative fuel have been considered for this study. Using Copper oxide (5% w/w), the two oils were transesterified for 6 hours at a temperature of 75 °C and a methanol to oil ratio of 20:1. The biodiesel samples that were produced underwent FTIR and GC-MS analysis. The results indicated that the FAME conversion for the biodiesel derived from Azadirachta indica and Pongamia pinnata was 99.19% and 97.93%, respectively. Diesel engine combustion components, viz., the piston crown and liner, were coated with Aluminium titanate thermal barrier material. The objective of this study is to replace 10% of diesel fuel by volume with the direct blending of esterified vegetable oils in diesel engine operation. The concept of low heat rejection could improve the decrease in engine performance due to blending. The single-cylinder coated engine characteristics were examined for diesel-biofuel blends, and these results were compared to those of conventional diesel engine fuel operations. The studies study better performance and emission for the coated engine than the conventional engine in both diesel and vegetable oil blends. A significant reduction in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions was observed for both coated and uncoated engines, but NO emission was increased up to 9% for the coated engine.
Design and Finite Element Analysis of Pneumatically Actuated Soft Gripper under Combined Positive and Negative Pressure
Authors: Lalson Abirami , Sadique Anwar
Published: February 2025

Soft-bending actuators have garnered significant interest in robotics and biomedical engineering due to their ability to mimic the bending motions of natural organisms. Using either positive or negative pressure, most soft pneumatic actuators for bending actuation have modified their design accordingly. In this study, we propose a novel soft bending actuator that utilizes combined positive and negative pressures to achieve enhanced performance and control. The actuator consists of a flexible elastomeric chamber divided into two compartments: a positive pressure chamber and a negative pressure chamber. Controlled bending motion can be achieved by selectively applying positive and negative pressures to the respective chambers. The combined positive and negative pressure allowed for faster response times and increased flexibility compared to traditional soft actuators. Because of its adaptability, controllability, and improved performance can be used for various jobs that call for careful handling or compliant environmental contact. The actuator's simple design and cost-effective manufacturing process contribute to its practicality and scalability. The modeling and conducting simulations on a soft robotic combined positive and negative pressure actuator also aim to design an adaptive soft-robotic gripper with reduced effort and investigate the up scaling of such grippers to extend their applicability to heavy payload handling and assembly. Once the results from simulations and experiments conducted by models are collaborated, the geometrical parameters are modified to get improved results. The improved model is compared in terms of pressure range, bending angle, versatility, and weight-carrying capacity. Simulation is done on Ansys for real-time results. The parametric study helps in establishing correlations between pressure and deflections to accurately control the motion of soft grippers
Grey Relational Analysis for Multi-Objective Optimization in Aerospace Machining of Titanium Grade 19
Authors: Pasupuleti Thejasree , Natarajan Manikandan , Krishnamachary PC , Katta Lakshmi Narasimhamu , Silambarasan R
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in electrically conductive materials, irrespective of their hardness. Due to the growing need for superior products and quick design adjustments, decision-making in production has become increasingly complex. This study focuses on Titanium Grade 19 and proposes creating predictive models using a Taguchi-grey technique to achieve multi-objective optimization in ECM. The experiments are structured based on Taguchi's principles, utilizing Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) to simultaneously optimize several performance indicators, including the material removal rate, surface roughness, and geometric tolerances. ANOVA is employed to assess the significance of process variables affecting these measures. The proposed predictive technique for Titanium Grade 19 outperforms current models in terms of flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy, providing enhanced capabilities for monitoring and control. Additionally, the research explores the use of Titanium Grade 19 in automotive applications, highlighting its importance in industries that require strong, corrosion-resistant materials. Experimental validation confirms a strong correlation between the projected results and actual performance, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Structural Analysis of Two-Wheeler Handlebars under Varied Loads
Authors: Prajapati Akash , Rathore Avijit Singh , Bhaskara Rao Lokavarapu
Published: February 2025

This study presents a comprehensive structural analysis of a two-wheeler handlebar subjected to various loading conditions, aiming to evaluate its strength, durability, and safety. During operation, two-wheelers encounter multiple forces, making the handlebar a critical component for rider control and safety. The analysis begins by investigating the different types of loads experienced during typical riding scenarios, including static loads when the bike is stationary, and dynamic loads arising from rider movements, braking, and handling. The primary objective is to understand how these loads impact the handlebar's structural integrity. To achieve this, critical load cases are identified and categorized. Braking loads, which apply force primarily in the forward direction due to deceleration, are examined. Manhandling loads are analyzed to understand the multidirectional forces acting on the handlebar during transportation and parking. Additionally, vertical loads are assessed, considering the rider's weight and impacts from terrain irregularities such as bumps and drops. Clamping load analysis is also performed to evaluate durability. Material properties play a significant role in the handlebar's performance. Common materials such as aluminum and steel are analyzed for their respective strengths, flexibilities, and resistance related to durability. The geometric design of the handlebar, including shape, diameter, and thickness, is crucial in determining its response to various loads. These factors are incorporated into the analysis to ensure an accurate representation of real-world conditions. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed to create a detailed FE (Finite Element) model of the handlebar. This model is subjected to calculated loads to simulate the resulting stress distribution and deformations. Hypermesh, OptiStruct tools is used for analysis. FEA allows for a comprehensive visualization of stress concentrations and potential failure points, providing critical insights into the handlebar’s structural performance. The study concludes with recommendations for design improvements and enhanced safety measures to ensure the handlebar's reliability and longevity. These findings are crucial for manufacturers aiming to produce high-performance, safe two-wheeler handlebars capable of withstanding the rigorous demands of everyday riding
Operation of Advanced Flying Wing UAV: Examination of Structural Performance under Aberrant Pressure and Thermal Loading Conditions with Integrated Computational Study
Authors: Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan Janani Priyadharshini , Pisharam Akhila Ajith , Sourirajan Laxana , Baskar Sundhar , Vinayagam Gopinath , Stanislaus Arputharaj Beena , L Natrayan , Sakthivel Pradesh , Raja Vijayanandh
Published: February 2025

The objective of this research is to present a novel variant of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with an advanced flying wing configuration capable of detecting and rescuing individuals affected by avalanches. This leads to testing of the UAV, to identify if it can operate efficiently at the intended temperature and atmospheric conditions. Typically, UAVs can operate in a broad spectrum of temperatures. Regions prone to avalanches would experience near-cryogenic temperatures. The notion is investigated and tested in this specific scenario. The chosen location is Siachen, where temperatures can become as low as -25 degree Celsius (°C). It has been proven that a thermal camera aids the UAV to detect the distinct body heat signatures of individuals who are trapped under snow. The selection of wing, propeller, and vertical stabilizer airfoils is guided by standard analytical calculations, while the overall model is developed using 3D EXPERIENCE. The computational tests are conducted using ANSYS Workbench software to determine the aerodynamic forces acting on the flying wing UAV under several conditions, such as maximum maneuvering working conditions, and average forward speed at extremely low thermal conditions. The outcomes of these tests are validated by the experimental testing of a tapered wing in a subsonic wind tunnel. The selection of suitable lightweight material for the low-temperature application is accomplished through the utilization of Fluid structure and thermal interaction analysis where, in addition to pressure load, temperature load has also been imported by using one-way coupling approach to identify the deformation due to the temperature loadings. To conduct a comparative analysis of the results, the displacements, stresses, strains, and strain energies-based conditions characterized by extremely low temperature levels are calculated for different composite materials. According to the comprehensive approach mentioned, the carbon fiber composite families perform much better than other polymer composite families. The carbon fiber derivative GY-70 exhibits superior performance compared to other lightweight materials. Additionally, AS carbon fibre-based composite reacted with less structural outcome under thermal loading conditions.
CFD Analysis on the Effect of Circular Cavity at Different Location of Airfoil Surface
Authors: Pushparaj Catherine Victoria , P Booma Devi , D Piriadarshani , Ganesan Balaji , Ganesan Santhosh Kumar , Raja Vijayanandh
Published: February 2025

The paper present numerical effects of supercritical airfoil SC (2) 0414 having circular cavities at three different chord wise locations from leading to trailing edge. Here passive control method is widely applied by altering the \baseline airfoil surface coordinates to ascertain the aerodynamic behavior of the cavity at 40 %, 50 % and 60 % of the chord length respectively. The cavity shapes were deformed using Bezier curve to observe vortex pattern in the cavity region. Structured meshing was employed. The analysis was performed on SC 2 (0) 414 two-dimensional airfoil using commercial CFD ANSYS Fluent software where Spalart- Allmaras turbulence model technique is chosen to solve boundary layer problems on adverse pressure gradient and tested at extended range of angle of attack (-150 to 150) at Mach number 0.85. The study highlights the aerodynamic characteristics of lifting coefficient, drag coefficient and lift to drag ratio. It was observed that the cavity in suction surface stabilizes the vortex with adequate pressure distribution and shows rise in lift coefficient. The preliminary findings for cavity at 50 % of the chord length delays stall effect and denotes remarkable aerodynamic characteristics. Whereas airfoil with cavity at 40 % of the leading edge also shows less parallel performance than trailing edge cavity airfoil. It concludes in high subsonic speed, the SC (2) 0414 airfoil with 50 % circular cavity profile is the most feasible as it showed a good aerodynamic performance than other airfoils at maximum inclination.
Design and Test Methodology Development of Retainer Plate in Forward and Reverse Mechanism of Tractor Transmission
Authors: V Saravanan , Mani Suresh , Kumar Sasi , More Amit , Dumpa Mahendra Reddy
Published: February 2025

In the Agricultural tractor- transmission system plays major role to transfer power from Engine to final drive through gear box enabling Forward/Reverse (F/R) movements during field operations and transportation conditions. The F/R retainer plate with idler gear, shaft is located between clutch housing and transmission gear box housing. If the retainer housing plate gets failure, then power will not be able to transfer from engine to transmission gear box main drive. In one of the tractor model retainer plate failures was observed during field testing. To simulate the failure mode from field to lab condition, the resultant forces and angle were calculated based on the drive line assembly. Resultant loads were applied on Idle gear shaft assembly through servo actuator in cyclic mode at lab. The failure was observed in the retainer plate and the location of failure was matching with field failure. CAE virtual simulation was carried out for measured load as per the laboratory boundary conditions and failure was captured. To quickly resolve the concern, design iterations were performed in virtual simulation and recommends the design improvements. Improved retainer plate was then offered to laboratory testing for re-validation. The test result was found to be satisfactory which was then implemented for further field testing. Further failure was not reported from field testing which ensured the robustness of the test methodology and accelerated physical testing.
Temperature Reduction of Servo Oil Used in Steering System Using Pulsating Heat Pipe
Authors: Saikrishna VNL , P Rudresha , Yadav Satyendra , B Ruthvika , Vishwasa Viditha
Published: February 2025

There are various steering technologies are available in market nowadays. Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS) is one of them. As hydraulic name is linked to it the temperature role comes to play. While doing hard cornering the hydraulic oil used to assist the working in steering system get over heated, due to which oil loses its viscosity became one of the major causes of hard steer in trucks. Also, due to limited space the large heat exchanger cannot be used there. So, objective of this Thesis is to examine an effective solution which can be compact in design and at the same time should be effective to solve this problem. After going through literature analysis, we finalize that the Principal of Pulsating Heat Pipe could be a possible solution. So, for that we design different model based on previous research work in Creo and simulate them in Star CCM+ to finalize the optimality.
Evaluation on Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured ER 2209 Duplex Stainless Steel for Automotive and Marine Applications
Authors: A Aravind , S Jerome , Kumar Ravi
Published: February 2025

The advancement of wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) presents a significant opportunity to revolutionize the production of automotive components through the fabrication of complex, high-performance structures. This study specifically investigates the metallurgical, mechanical, and corrosion properties of WAAM-fabricated ER 2209 duplex stainless steel structures, known for their superior mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, and favorable tribological behavior. The research aims to optimize WAAM process parameters to achieve high-quality deposition of ER 2209, ensuring structural integrity and performance suitable for both marine and various automotive applications. Microstructural analysis of the produced samples revealed the alloy’s dual-phase nature, with roughly equal amounts of ferrite and austenite phases uniformly mixed across the layers of deposition. This balanced microstructure contributes to the alloy’s excellent mechanical properties. Yield strength, elongation, and ultimate tensile strength measurements of samples in both the build direction and travel direction were found to be on par with those of the wrought alloy, indicating that WAAM does not compromise the inherent mechanical integrity of ER 2209 duplex stainless steel. Corrosion testing was conducted to evaluate the suitability of WAAM ER 2209 for marine environments, where corrosion resistance is critical. The results showed a significant corrosion rate of 0.032 mm/year, demonstrating the alloy’s capability to withstand marine exposure effectively. Additionally, wear testing indicated a specific wear rate of 7.76 × 10^-04 mm/Nm, highlighting the material’s robust tribological performance. The findings indicate that WAAM can produce high-quality ER 2209 components that meet the stringent mechanical and corrosion resistance requirements of these industries, supporting its broader adoption. By harnessing CMT-based WAAM, manufacturers can achieve efficient and cost-effective production of complex, high-performance stainless steel structures, promoting innovation and sustainability in automotive and marine engineering.
Optimization of Machining Parameters Based on Desirability Function Analysis for Stir Casted Aluminium Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Kala Lakshmi K , Madhuri K , Reddy Damodara , Tarigonda Hariprasad , R L Krupakaran , Tharehallimata Gurubasavaraju , Naidu B Vishnu Vardhana
Published: February 2025

These days, aluminum and other material composites are indispensable for a wide range of engineering applications, including automotive-related ones. The machinability investigations of hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMC) made of Al 6061 are reported in this paper. Graphene nanoparticles (GNp) and boron carbide were used to reinforce Al6061 alloy for the experiment. Stir casting was used to create the hybrid composite under the right circumstances. Since HMMC is not easy to machine using conventional machining procedures, the advanced method of electrical discharge machining (EDM) was used. EDM machinability studies were carried out on stir-casted Al-B4C-GNP composite materials to examine the effects of wire EDM machining variables, including current, pulse on, and pulse off, on surface roughness and material removal rate. Taguchi based Desirability function Analysis was used to optimize the EDM process parameters for maximization of the material removal rate (MRR) and minimization of the surface roughness responses. The desirability function analysis yielded the composite desirability value, which was used to estimate the ideal machining parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also used to determine the components that contributed significantly.
Thermal Buckling Analysis of Axially Layered Aluminium Zirconia Functionally Graded Beam
Authors: Pawale Deepak , Bhaskara Rao Lokavarapu
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the thermal buckling behavior of axially layered functionally graded material (FGM) thin beams with potential applications in automotive structures. The FGM beam is constructed from four axially stratified sections, with the proportional amount of metal and ceramic fluctuating through the thickness. The buckling analysis is carried out for three different support configurations: clamped-clamped, simply supported-simply supported, and clamped-simply supported. The primary objective is to identify the optimal thermal buckling temperature of the FGM thin beam using the Taguchi optimization method. Beam arrangements are established using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and analyzed using finite element software (ANSYS). Layers 1-4 of the axially layered beam are considered process parameters, while the thermal buckling temperature is the response parameter. Minitab software performs an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence level to identify the most influential layer and its relative contribution to the buckling temperature. The results, confirmed by a separate test, indicate that Layer 2 substantially affects the critical buckling temperature within the beam. Ultimately, the optimal critical buckling temperature is forecasted based on the 95% confidence interval of the confirmation analysis and population data. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing the thermal performance of FGM thin beams for automotive applications, where lightweight structures with high thermal stability are crucial. Engine Hood A non-uniformly heated engine hood can buckle and warp, affecting aesthetics and potentially causing fitment issues with fenders or compromising safety features like hood latches. The findings can guide the design and development of vehicle heat-resistant components, potentially leading to improved fuel efficiency and safety.
Development of AI Prediction Tool for Fused Deposition Modeling of ABS Material for Automobile Applications
Authors: Natarajan Manikandan , Pasupuleti Thejasree , Kumar V , Kiruthika Jothi , Katta Lakshmi Narasimhamu , Silambarasan R
Published: February 2025

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), a form of Additive Manufacturing (AM), has emerged as a groundbreaking technology for the production of complex shapes from a variety of materials. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is an opaque thermoplastic that is frequently employed in additive manufacturing (AM) due to its affordability and user-friendliness. The purpose of this investigation is to enhance the FDM parameters for ABS material and develop predictive models that anticipate printing performance by employing the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Through experimental trials, an investigation was conducted to evaluate the influence of critical FDM parameters, including layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, on critical outcomes, including mechanical properties, surface polish, and dimensional accuracy. The utilization of design of experiments (DOE) methodology facilitated a systematic examination of parameters. A predictive model was developed to forecast printing performance by utilizing input parameters and ANFIS. The ANFIS predictive models' ability to accurately predict the printing performance of ABS material was demonstrated by the results. Moreover, the models provide vital insights into the most effective parameter configurations for ensuring high-quality parts and maximizing printing efficiency. This investigation improves the understanding of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material and offers a practical instrument for manufacturing process optimization. By employing ANFIS predictive models, manufacturers can enhance the quality and productivity of printing. This will facilitate the expansion of the application of FDM technology in various sectors, including healthcare, manufacturing, and prototyping.
Optimization of Fusion Deposition Modeling Parameters for PLA Material for Automobile Interior Using Taguchi Based TOPSIS Approach
Authors: Natarajan Manikandan , Pasupuleti Thejasree , D Palanisamy , Katta Lakshmi Narasimhamu , Silambarasan R
Published: February 2025

Additive Manufacturing (AM), specifically Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), has transformed the manufacturing industry by allowing the creation of intricate shapes using different materials. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic that is commonly used in additive manufacturing (AM) because of its environmentally friendly nature, affordability, and ease of processing. This study aims to optimize the parameters of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for PLA material using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. The researchers performed experimental trials to examine the impact of important FDM parameters, such as layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, on critical outcomes, including dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and mechanical properties. The methodology of design of experiments (DOE) enabled a systematic exploration of parameters. The TOPSIS approach, a technique for making decisions based on multiple criteria, was used to analyze the experimental data and determine the best parameter settings. TOPSIS provides a comprehensive method for optimizing parameters in FDM by taking into account both the closeness to the ideal solution and the distance from the negative ideal solution. The results demonstrated the efficacy of the TOPSIS method in pinpointing the most advantageous parameter combinations for improving the printing quality and efficiency of PLA components. The optimization framework that has been developed offers valuable insights into the optimization and control of processes, thereby facilitating the wider implementation of FDM technology across different industries. This study enhances the comprehension of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for Polylactic Acid (PLA) material and provides useful techniques for optimizing FDM parameters. Manufacturers can improve printing productivity, quality, and sustainability by utilizing the TOPSIS approach. This, in turn, will help promote the wider use of AM technology in various applications.