bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transtibial Amputation Outcomes Study (TAOS): Comparing Transtibial Amputation With and Without a Tibiofibular Synostosis (Ertl) Procedure
Authors: Bosse Michael J. , Morshed Saam , Reider Lisa , Ertl William , Toledano James , Firoozabadi Reeza , Seymour Rachel B. , Carroll Eben , Scharfstein Daniel O. , Steverson Barbara , MacKenzie Ellen J. ,   METRC
Published: March 2017

The optimal technique for a transtibial amputation in a young, active, and healthy patient is controversial. Proponents of the Ertl procedure (in which the cut ends of the tibia and fibula are joined with a bone bridge synostosis) argue that the residual limb is more stable which confers better prosthetic fit and improved function especially among high-performing individuals. At the same time, the Ertl procedure is associated with longer operative and healing time and may be associated with a higher complication rate compared with the standard Burgess procedure. The TAOS is a prospective, multicenter randomized trial comparing 18-month outcomes after transtibial amputation using the Ertl versus Burgess approach among adults aged 18 to 60. The primary outcomes include surgical treatment for a complication and patient-reported function. Secondary outcomes include physical impairment, pain, and treatment cost.
Effects of a Simulated Game on Upper Extremity Pitching Mechanics and Muscle Activations Among Various Pitch Types in Youth Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Oliver Gretchen D. , Plummer Hillary , Henning Lisa , Saper Michael , Glimer Gabrielle , Brambeck Allison , Andrews James R.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Throwing requires proper stability and orientation of the pelvis and scapula for efficient energy transfer during pitching. Fatigue of the pelvis and scapular musculature throughout the course of a game can impair pitching performance, and place excessive demands on the throwing arm leading to injury. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in pelvis, torso, and upper extremity pitching mechanics and muscle activations between the fastball, change-up, and curveball pitches in youth baseball pitchers following a simulated game.

Methods:

Fourteen youth baseball pitchers with no history of injury participated. Pitching mechanics were collected using an electromagnetic tracking system. Surface electromyography data were collected on the bilateral gluteus medius and maximus; and throwing arm side latissimus dorsi, lower trapezius, upper trapezius, and serratus anterior. Participants were instructed to throw maximum effort pitches during a simulated game that provided random game situations similar to those that occur in competition. Participants were limited to 85 pitches based on age-restricted pitch counts. Data from 3 fastballs, curveballs, and change-ups thrown in the first and last innings were selected for analysis.

Results:

Repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance revealed that neither pitch type nor the effect of a simulated game resulted in statistically significant changes in pitching mechanics (F
(10,600)=0.55, P=0.85), or muscle activations (pelvic: F
(4,195)=0.07, P=0.85; scapular: F
(4,118)=0.09, P=0.52).

Conclusions:

The principle findings of this study revealed that pitching to the age-restricted pitch count limit did not result in altered pitching mechanics or muscle activations, and no differences occurred between the 3 pitches. These results support previous research that indicate the curveball pitch is no more dangerous for youth than the other pitches commonly thrown. This is supported by the pitcher’s ability to maintain a proper arm slot during all 3 pitches and indicates that they are obtaining the spin on the ball from their grip and not by altering upper extremity mechanics.

Level of Evidence:

Level 5.
The Septic Shock 3.0 Definition and Trials: A Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial Experience*
Authors: Russell James A. , Lee Terry , Singer Joel , Boyd John H. , Walley Keith R.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

The Septic Shock 3.0 definition could alter treatment comparisons in randomized controlled trials in septic shock. Our first hypothesis was that the vasopressin versus norepinephrine comparison and 28-day mortality of patients with Septic Shock 3.0 definition (lactate > 2 mmol/L) differ from vasopressin versus norepinephrine and mortality in Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial. Our second hypothesis was that there are differences in plasma cytokine levels in Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial for lactate less than or equal to 2 versus greater than 2 mmol/L.

Design:

Retrospective analysis of randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Multicenter ICUs.

Methods:

We compared vasopressin-to-norepinephrine group 28- and 90-day mortality in Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial in lactate subgroups. We measured 39 cytokines to compare patients with lactate less than or equal to 2 versus greater than 2 mmol/L.

Patients:

Patients with septic shock with lactate greater than 2 mmol/L or less than or equal to 2 mmol/L, randomized to vasopressin or norepinephrine.

Interventions:

Concealed vasopressin (0.03 U/min.) or norepinephrine infusions.

Measurements and Main Results:

The Septic Shock 3.0 definition would have decreased sample size by about half. The 28- and 90-day mortality rates were 10–12 % higher than the original Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial mortality. There was a significantly (p = 0.028) lower mortality with vasopressin versus norepinephrine in lactate less than or equal to 2 mmol/L but no difference between treatment groups in lactate greater than 2 mmol/L. Nearly all cytokine levels were significantly higher in patients with lactate greater than 2 versus less than or equal to 2 mmol/L.

Conclusions:

The Septic Shock 3.0 definition decreased sample size by half and increased 28-day mortality rates by about 10%. Vasopressin lowered mortality versus norepinephrine if lactate was less than or equal to 2 mmol/L. Patients had higher plasma cytokines in lactate greater than 2 versus less than or equal to 2 mmol/L, a brisker cytokine response to infection. The Septic Shock 3.0 definition and our findings have important implications for trial design in septic shock.
Inflammatory status and lung function predict mortality in lung cancer screening participants
Authors: Pastorino Ugo , Morelli Daniele , Marchianò Alfonso , Sestini Stefano , Suatoni Paola , Taverna Francesca , Boeri Mattia , Sozzi Gabriella , Cantarutti Anna , Corrao Giovanni
Published: March 2017

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening trials have based their risk selection algorithm on age and tobacco exposure, but never on pulmonary risk-related biomarkers. In the present study, the baseline inflammatory status, measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and lung function, measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), were tested as independent predictors of all-cause mortality in LDCT-screening participants. Between 2000 and 2010, 4413 volunteers were enrolled in two LDCT-screening trials, with evaluable baseline CRP and FEV1 values: 2037 were included in the discovery set and 2376 were included in the validation set. The effect of low FEV1 or high CRP alone or combined was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier mortality curves and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) by fitting Cox proportional hazards models. The overall mortality risk was significantly higher in participants with FEV1 of up to 90% (HR: 2.13, CI: 1.43–3.17) or CRP more than 2 mg/l (HR: 3.38, CI: 1.60–3.54) and was still significant in the fully adjusted model. The cumulative 10-year probability of death was 0.03 for participants with FEV1 of more than 90% and CRP up to 2 mg/l, 0.05 with only FEV1 of up to 90% or CRP above 2 mg/l, and 0.12 with FEV1 of up to 90% and CRP above 2 mg/l. This predictive performance was confirmed in the two external validation cohorts with 10-year mortality rates of 0.06, 0.12, and 0.14, and 0.03, 0.07, and 0.14, respectively. Baseline inflammatory status and lung function reduction are independent predictors of all-cause long-term mortality in LDCT-screening participants. CRP and FEV1 could be used to select higher-risk individuals for future LDCT screening and preventive programs.
Intrapatient Variability in the Pharmacokinetics of Etanercept Maintenance Treatment
Authors: van Bezooijen Ji S. , Schreurs Marco W. J. , Koch Birgit C. P. , Velthuis Henk te , van Doorn Martijn B. A. , Prens Errol P. , van Gelder Teun
Published: March 2017

Aim:

Etanercept has shown to mediate a favorable effect on immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID), including plaque psoriasis. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of etanercept could improve clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness. A high intrapatient variability (IPV) of etanercept trough concentrations at standard dosing would reduce the feasibility of therapeutic drug monitoring. Studies have focused on the interpatient differences associated with the exposure to biologics. The aim of this study was to determine IPV of etanercept and correlate etanercept trough concentrations and IPV with treatment response.

Methods:

Repetitive serum samples of 29 psoriasis patients on standard etanercept maintenance treatment were collected. In these samples, etanercept trough concentrations were determined and IPV was assessed in relation to response to treatment.

Results:

The median IPV of etanercept trough concentrations was 33.7% (Q1 = 21.3% and Q3 = 51.7%) ranging from 8% to 155%. All 6 nonresponders showed an IPV at or above the median value of 33.7%. The 6 nonresponders showed a higher IPV as compared to the 23 responders (53.9% versus 24.2%; P = 0.031). The mean etanercept trough concentration for each patient ranged from 0.7 to 6.8 mcg/mL, with a median trough concentration of 2.7 mcg/mL. Patients with an IPV above the median had lower mean etanercept trough concentrations compared to patients with an IPV below the median (1.96 mcg/mL, 95% CI, 1.7–2.4 versus 3.2 mcg/mL, 95% CI, 2.7–4.0; P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

The median IPV of etanercept trough concentrations in this study population was 33.7%. A higher IPV was correlated with lower etanercept trough concentrations and with nonresponsiveness. Prospective trials are required to demonstrate the value of adjusting the etanercept dose based on drug trough concentrations. The relatively high IPV observed in this study may complicate therapeutic drug monitoring.
PREDICTING VISUAL OUTCOMES OF SECOND EYE VITRECTOMY FOR PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Sulak Marko , Urbancic Mojca , Petrovic Mojca Globocnik
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

To investigate predictive factors for visual outcome in the second operated eye of patients undergoing bilateral vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:

Clinical records of 55 patients undergoing bilateral vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy at the University Eye Hospital Ljubljana between January 2009 and December 2014 were examined retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed to identify variables associated with good visual outcomes.

Results:

Mean preoperative visual acuity was 6/181 Snellen (1.48 ± 0.47 logarithm of minimal angle of resolution [logMAR]). The follow-up period after vitrectomy was at least 1 year and mean postoperative visual acuity improved to 6/31 Snellen (0.71 ± 0.62 logMAR). On univariate analysis, variables predicting good postoperative vision (6/12 Snellen or better) were the following: absence of macular detachment (P = 0.009), previously performed full panretinal laser (P = 0.03), and good vision in the previously vitrectomized fellow eye (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the absence of macular detachment (P = 0.001) and good vision in the previously vitrectomized fellow eye (P < 0.001) were both independently associated with good visual outcome.

Conclusion:

In patients undergoing second eye vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the visual acuity of previously operated fellow eye and the presence of macular detachment in the eye due for vitrectomy may be strong independent predicting factors for visual outcome.
OUTER RETINAL LAYER THICKNESS AS GOOD VISUAL PREDICTOR IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Eliwa Tamer F. , Hussein Mahdi A. , Zaki Mohamed A. , Raslan Osama A.
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate the relationship between outer retinal layer (ORL) thickness in diabetic macular edema to visual acuity (VA).

Methods:

Ninety-five eyes were included in this prospective nonrandomized case–control study. They divided into 30 cases of healthy normal subjects and 65 cases of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with diabetic macular edema. Complete ophthalmic examination and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography were done for all cases and analyzed to measure central foveal point thickness (CFT), ORL thickness at fovea, and subfoveal choroidal thickness.

Results:

The ORL thickness was significantly thinner in diabetic macular edema group (85.3 μm) than controls (99.9 μm) (P = 0.002). There was higher significant correlation between ORL thickness and logMAR VA (r = −0.87, P < 0.001) than correlation between CFT and VA (r = 0.18, P = 0.16). The cutoff point of the relationship between ORL thickness and VA was 88 μm with moderate sensitivity (81%) and high specificity (88%), below which vision is affected. Outer retinal layer thickness is significantly related to subfoveal choroidal thickness but not CFT.

Conclusion:

This study revealed reduction in ORL thickness in diabetic macular edema. There is a higher and stronger correlation between ORL thickness and vision than that between CFT and vision.
Region-Specific Changes in Postlens Fluid Reservoir Depth Beneath Small-Diameter Scleral Lenses Over 2 Hours
Authors: Nau Cherie B. , Schornack Muriel M.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

Scleral lenses settle on the eye with time, and the depth of the postlens fluid reservoir decreases. We measured changes in central, superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal clearance beneath a small-diameter scleral lens after 2 hr of lens wear in healthy eyes.

Methods:

Thirty-one participants (age, mean±SD, 29±7 years) with no history of eye disease or scleral lens wear were fitted with a 15-mm scleral lens in 1 eye. Scheimpflug images were acquired by a camera system within 5 min of lens placement and again after 2 hr of continuous lens wear. The central cornea was located in both horizontal and vertical meridians, and lens clearance was measured at that point. Lens clearance was also measured 2 mm superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal to the center of the cornea.

Results:

After 2 hr of lens wear, central clearance was reduced 46% (mean [SD], from 227 [77] to 122 [61] μm; P<0.001). Superior clearance was reduced 48% (from 168 [62] to 87 [61] μm); inferior clearance, 54% (from 241 [82] to 111 [55] μm); temporal clearance, 45% (from 224 [79] to 124 [74] μm); and nasal clearance, 52% (from 166 [73] to 80 [49] μm) (P<0.001 for all). Statistically significant decreases in clearance were noted at all points assessed after 2 hr of lens wear.

Conclusions:

Fluid reservoir depth beneath small-diameter scleral lenses decreased nearly 50% after 2 hr of lens wear in normal eyes.
Management of integrated workplace concepts at multiple locations
Authors: Ekstrand Mari , Damman Sigrid
Published: March 2017

Purpose

This study aims to provide insight into how the implementation and management of an integrated workplace concept (IWC) in multiple office locations are affected by local management practices and other contextual and cultural aspects.

Design/methodology/approach

A triangulated case study design was applied to evaluate an on-going process to roll out a new branch office concept. The core method was semi-structured interviewing.

Findings

The findings indicate that when an IWC meets different local cultures and realities, the concept and its different aspects may transform in different directions – ultimately affecting concept interconnectedness and strategic value. The findings further suggest that the concept’s socio-material implications vary between locations and actors at different levels. For IWCs to serve strategic aims, they must be continuously aligned and re-aligned with changing organisational strategies.

Research limitations/implications

The study was conducted in one organisation. Additional empirical research, investigating implementation and management of different concepts in different organisational contexts, is needed to provide more definite conclusions and to develop guidelines for design, implementation and decision-making.

Practical implications

The findings highlight the importance of applying an iterative process approach in implementation and management of IWCs. Such an approach is essential for striking the right balance between standardisation and local adaptation, and for aligning the concept with organisational strategies.

Originality/value

Although much has been written on IWCs, the role of culture and social negotiations in the implementation and operations phase is often neglected.
Small family grocers’ inherent advantages over chain stores: a review
Authors: Srichookiat Sanit , Jindabot Teerasak
Published: March 2017

Purpose

As a result of the growth of the modernization of retailing, small family grocers have suffered because of the disadvantages of their limited operating resources in comparison to those of corporate chain retailers. The purpose of this paper is to use the biological analogy of natural selection to illustrate how the idea of retail coexistence rather than mutually exclusive competition can work to the benefit of small family grocers. The inherent differences between chain retailers and small family grocers are examined and their inherent advantages identified. The appropriate strategies for small family grocers toward the particular market are then proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

The review of literature is implemented through the lens of biological analogy to identify the inherent advantages of small family grocers over chain retailers. Resource-advantage (R-A) theory is then incorporated to explain the synthesized framework.

Findings

Size and operational orientation are identified as the inherent differences that small family grocers can utilize to gain some inherent advantages over chain retailers in relation to the proposed segments. The establishment of a personal relationship with the customer is the key inherent advantage that is naturally facilitated by the individual orientation of the small family grocer. Within R-A theory, inherent advantage is seen as a special case of a comparative advantage in resources.

Originality/value

The different viewpoint inspired by the biological analogy that permits small family grocers to shift their mindset from retail competition to retail coexistence and to re-examine their own inherent advantages to serve the heterogeneous demand of consumers.
Understanding the metrosexual and spornosexual as a segment for retailers
Authors: Mitchell Vincent Wayne , Lodhia Amar
Published: March 2017

Purpose

With retailers selling products to and even opening stores for metrosexuals, they are now well recognised in many western countries; however, market sizing, measurement and understanding their psychology remain understudied. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise and operationalise the metrosexual lifestyle and examine a number of its psychological correlates.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a survey with two samples, a scale is developed to measure metrosexuality and validated using structural equation modelling.

Findings

Metrosexuality was found to have three dimensions: trendiness, concern with appearance, and use of grooming practices, while its antecedents of gender-identity confusion and narcissism are mediated by masculinity and vanity. Metrosexuality is associated with lower levels of masculinity, but not with increased femininity and is slightly associated with homosexual orientation.

Research limitations/implications

One of the theoretical implications of the new metrosexuality scale is that it may be incorporated in the general theories of lifestyle and consumption, extended self-concept as well as aesthetic motivations of consumption.

Practical implications

On a practical level, a scale to measure their metrosexuality can be used to help retailers to measure and track the size for forecasting and targeting purposes as well as allowing retailers to better design environments and products for this market.

Originality/value

No study has previously attempted to devise a scale to measure metrosexuality nor seek to establish if there is any psychological substance behind the media hype by looking quantitatively at its psychological antecedents. This study is the first to define, measure and validate a scale for metrosexuality and contributes to an understanding of individuals who are an increasing part of society.
Tribological performance of low blend decanter cake biodiesel
Authors: Lee Shing Chuan , Tamaldin Noreffendy , Abdollah Mohd Fadzli Bin
Published: March 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the tribological performance of the decanter cake feedstock biodiesel which was blended in 5 and 10 per cent volume with petroleum diesel.

Design/methodology/approach

The tribological performance of the decanter cake biodiesel was tested using the modified ASTM D4172 standard with temperature range from 300°C to 750°C and load range from 392 to 981 N while spindle speed is at 1,200 rpm.

Findings

At 5 per cent volume of biodiesel, friction reduced ranging from 10 to 45 per cent at all temperature and load ranges, whereas specific wear rate reduced ranging from 22 to 29 per cent at low load and 4 per cent to 15 per cent at high load for all temperature ranges. Addition up to 10 per cent volume of biodiesel reduced friction ranging from 10 to 35 per cent at all temperature and load ranges, whereas specific wear rate reduced ranging from 15 to 29 per cent only at low load for all temperature ranges.

Practical implications

The standardised test may not represent the actual condition of a real running diesel engine.

Originality/value

Because the lubricity of biodiesel was difficult to determine in a real running engine, this paper provided a standardised test for simplification.
Corrosion investigation of Co–Ni–Fe-coated mild steel electrodeposited at different current densities and deposition times
Authors: Koay Mei Hyie , Tukiran Mohd Adham Akmal , Mohd Halidi Siti Nur Amalina , Che Murad Mardziah , Salleh Zuraidah , Yusoff Hamid
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of current density on the surface roughness and corrosion performance of electrodeposited Co–Ni–Fe-coated mild steel. Process variables are the key factor in controlling the electrodeposition process. It is important to study the processing parameter to optimize the mechanical and corrosion resistance performance of the coating substrate.

Design/methodology/approach

A low-cost electrodeposition method was used to the synthesize Co–Ni–Fe coating on the mild steel substrate. In the electrodeposition, electrochemistry concept was applied. The temperature of the process was controlled at 50 ± 5°C in an acidic environment. The influence of current density (11, 22 and 33 mA/cm2) and deposition time (15, 20 and 30 min) toward the surface roughness, hardness and corrosion rate was investigated.

Findings

The increases of time deposition and current density have improved the microhardness and corrosion resistance of Co–Ni–Fe-coated mild steel. The Co–Ni–Fe nanoparticles deposited at 30 min and current density of 33 mA/cm2experienced the smallest surface roughness value (Ra). The same sample also obtained the highest Vickers microhardness of 122.6 HV and the lowest corrosion rate. This may be due to the homogenous and complete protection coating performed on the mild steel.

Practical implications

The findings from the study are important for future application of Co–Ni–Fe on the mild steel parts such as fasteners, car body panels, metal chains, wire ropes, engine parts, bicycle rims, nails and screws and various outdoor uses. The improvement of corrosion resistance using optimum electrodeposition parameters is essential for these applications to prolong the life span of the parts.

Originality/value

A new process which pertains to fabrication of Co–Ni–Fe as a protective coating on mild steel was proposed. The Co–Ni–Fe coating can enhance the corrosion protection and thus prolong the lifespan of the mild steel parts.
Do country sizes matter? What motivates China’s trade decision in Southern Africa?
Authors: Igbinoba Emmanuel
Published: March 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to test the political-economy hypothesis that country sizes are related with constraints associated with Chinese trade.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies a generalized linear mixed approach on panel data of Southern African (henceforth SADC) economies from 2001 to 2014 to observe common Chinese trade patterns among SADC countries.

Findings

Empirical results support the hypothesis that structural differences exist and smaller SADC countries are disadvantaged in their trade relations with China.

Research limitations/implications

This paper is exploratory by nature. Its scope and the depth of analysis is constrained by data availability.

Originality/value

The manuscript has been approved by the author and has never been published, or has been considered for publication elsewhere.
Campus management process dynamics – Finnish and Australian practices
Authors: Rytkönen Eelis , Heywood Christopher , Nenonen Suvi
Published: March 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to outline campus management process dynamics that are affected by glocalization, changing funding structures and digitalization, and answer: How do glocalization, changing funding structures and digitalization challenge university campus management? and What implications do the challenges have on campus management processes?

Design/methodology/approach

Literature overview discusses how glocalization, changing funding structures and digitalization affect campus management. Empirical part explores how these forces affect management processes through 36 interviews on multiple embedded cases in the main campuses of Aalto University in Finland and the University of Melbourne in Australia.

Findings

Major challenges include future foresight, institutional sharing, economical paucity and functional flexibility. Heterogeneous user behaviors challenge absolute spatial measures as bases for designing learning and working environments. Finding a balance between long-haul portfolio maintenance for the university and future users and short-haul flexible pilots for the current user communities is crucial.

Research limitations/implications

The results derive from interviews of 36 campus management professionals from two campus management organizations limiting the validity and the reliability of the study. Further studies should be conducted by replicating the study in another context, by interviewing end users and clients and by investigating case investments and impacts over time.

Practical implications

Campus managers can answer the challenges through practical applications such as big data collection and sharing in physical environments, integrated service provision to thematic communities, cross-pollination of user communities and open access to information and infrastructure services.

Originality/value

This paper provides insights and tools to strategic alignment by comparing campus management of two fundamentally different systems in the context of higher education and on-going digitalization.
From strategic orientation to social media orientation
Authors: Dutot Vincent , Bergeron François
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a framework of small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) strategic orientation (SO) and its impact on social media performance. Moreover, it introduces a new concept, social media orientation (SMO) (composed of sales and business development (SBD) and visibility) to add in the model.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative approach was used and, based on a study of 257 SMEs, analyses were performed. A smartPLS analysis was judged appropriate regarding the sample size.

Findings

Results show that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and customer orientation have a positive influence on SBD which in turn has a positive influence on social media performance. Visibility is positively influenced by EO and has an indirect effect on social media performance. Social media performance is therefore directly influenced by SBD and indirectly by visibility.

Research limitations/implications

The authors complete previous research that called for the introduction of different SO on a same study and go further as the author highlight the role of EO on visibility (and not only on business or performance). A second contribution lies in the conceptualization of SMO (defined here with SBD and visibility) and third in the measurement of social media performance through growth and attention.

Practical implications

SMEs first need to develop their visibility, and then link it to SBD.

Originality/value

This research is one of the first to explore SMEs’ SO on social media and proposes a new concept defined as SMO. It gives SMEs future direction on how to perform on these platforms.
Business innovation in Indian software industries
Authors: Baragde Dileep , Baporikar Neeta
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization. To compete well, business innovations become important and crucial and more so for software industries. With prevalent trends of big data, cloud and cyber security, there are exciting days ahead. Opportunities and innovations are being predicted and by iterations, they can be projected.

Design/methodology/approach

The ways in which businesses innovate and implement new ideas are changing. Historically, innovation has commonly been practiced using a “closed innovation” model, particularly with regard to new technology and research and development. It adopts disruptive technologies like big data, cloud computing, cyber securities, etc., and new models of engagements. It sectors business turnaround in sentiment and upbeat mood.

Findings

This paper has looked at the business innovation in Indian software industries’ success in the global information technology industry from a new perspective. India’s software services industry has helped develop a huge talent pool that can write the most complex software. Sales and distribution is no longer a problem because the internet allows you to serve a global market.

Originality/value

This paper, by adopting an analytical and descriptive research method, aims to explore and understand business innovation in software industries. The two studied cases reflect and help to discern how the firms are developing capabilities and reflect how they have evolved over a period, primarily through business and incremental innovations. The advantage of focusing on software products first is that unlike many other product categories, the upfront investments are much more manageable, and we already have the talent base and skills to get going.
A critique of normative commitment in management research
Authors: Jaros Stephen
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to critically evaluate the existing conception of normative commitment (NC; Meyer and Parfyonova, 2010) as having “two faces”, indebted obligation and moral duty. This paper proposes that NC should be unidimensional, and based on moral content.

Design/methodology/approach

Review and reevaluation of empirical research into NC and its fit with Meyer and Parfyonova's theory were conducted.

Findings

First, existing empirical research is inconsistent with Meyer/Parfyonova's theory of NC, as is their proposed motivational bases for NC having two dimensions.

Research limitations/implications

An important limitation is that NC is likely a culture-specific concept, so cross-cultural research will be essential to fully develop a universally valid concept of morals-based work commitment. A key implication is that despite the lack of construct validity of the currently used NC construct, morals-based commitment is surely a workplace phenomenon; meaning that steps should be taken to rehabilitate the construct, so it can be investigated in substantive research. Therefore, proposals for developing a unidimensional concept of NC that comports with morals-based forms of organizational attachment are developed.

Practical implications

Because of the lack of validity of the currently used NC concept, managers are advised to not rely on research using this concept to manage their employee's commitment, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) or withdrawal behavior.

Practical implications

Organizational members often invest their actions at work with moral meaning. Explicating that meaning via a valid concept of NC could help management researchers understand employee support or lack of support for social responsibility initiatives.

Originality/value

NC is a key construct in the work commitment literature. This paper shows that the currently utilized construct is largely invalid, and develops steps to be taken to develop a valid concept of morals-based work commitment.
Why is organizing human resource development so problematic?
Authors: Poell Rob F. , Van Der Krogt Ferd
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Human resource development (HRD) is an important field within management. Developing employees is often regarded as an instrument to improve the internal labor market and support organizational change. Organizing HRD to these ends, however, is frequently a problematic affair, in terms of training effectiveness, participant motivation and added value. This study, which consists of two parts, aims to investigate the question of why this is the case. In this second part, two specific aspects of the learning-network theory are elaborated: multiple experiences in organizations forming the basis of employee learning and development, and different actor strategies for organizing HRD.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents a conceptual framework to argue that one of the main reasons why organizing HRD is problematic lies in the limited and one-sided conceptualization of organizing HRD that is often used.

Findings

Organizing HRD is mostly viewed as designing training courses and instruction sessions for employees; it is also predominantly understood as a tool of management. The paper proposes a network perspective on organizing HRD, which is better able to guide organizational actors than other approaches can, by taking into account a broader set of HRD practices and viewing employees (besides managers) as key stakeholders.

Originality/value

The study argues that organizing HRD needs to take into account learning experiences that employees can gain from participating in work and career development as well (besides formal training); moreover, that employees’ HRD strategies are at least as important as those used by line managers and HR practitioners.
Plasma exchange successfully treated macrophage activation syndrome in rheumatoid factor‐positive polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis with co‐existing pneumonia
Authors: Shi Lianjie , Hu Fanlei , Xu Chuanhui , Zhu Huaqun , Qie Di , Yuan Chuanjie , Tao Yuhong , Liu Hanmin
Published: March 2017

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is one of the serious complications associated with rheumatic diseases, especially systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Here we describe a 9‐year‐old girl with rheumatoid factor (RF)‐positive polyarticular JIA, not sJIA, combined with pneumonia who was successfully treated by plasma exchange. She was diagnosed with RF‐positive polyarticular JIA based on positive RF and multiple joint swelling and tenderness 3 years ago. She was admitted in our hospital with myalgia for 2 days and a high fever for half a day. Physical examination revealed relapsing joints symptoms and rough breathing sounds of lungs. The laboratory examination showed increased liver enzymes, elevated serum ferritin and procalcitonin (PCT), decreased percentage of nature killer (NK) cells and fibrinogen, and activated macrophage phagocytosing hematopoietic elements in bone marrow. The elevated PCT and chest computed tomography scan confirmed she also had pneumonia. Intravenous methylprednisolone and oral cyclosporine A followed by intravenous immunoglobulin were added on the basis of antibiotics therapy, but clinical symptoms and laboratory findings did not improve. Finally, we changed to plasma exchange once every other day for a total of three times. Within 1 week, the girl recovered from the MAS completely.
Changes in expression of theCD200 tolerance‐signaling molecule and its receptor (CD200R) by villus trophoblasts during first trimester missed abortion and in chronic histiocytic intervillositis
Authors: Clark David A. , Dmetrichuk Jennifer M. , McCready Elizabeth , Dhesy‐Thind Sukhbinder , Arredondo Jorge L.
Published: March 2017

Problem

Expression ofCD200 at the feto‐maternal interface is associated with successful murine and human pregnancy.CD200 binding toCD200 receptors on lymphomyeloid cells suppresses inflammation and induces Tregs.CD200 receptors are also expressed on mouse and human placental trophoblast cells. What is the expression ofCD200 andCD200R in human missed abortions which have preserved Treg levels and in chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) where maternal inflammatory cells causeIUGR?

Methods

Immunohistiochemistry forCD200,CD200R, and Ki67 using human placental sections from missed abortions, term placenta, andCHI.PCRtesting was done for trisomy in missed abortion.

Results

CD200 andCD200R were expressed by human villus trophoblasts from 2 weeks post‐implantation to term. Cytotrophoblast proliferation (Ki‐67+count) decreased at term. In first trimester missed abortion cases,CD200>CD200R villus trophoblasts accompanied missed abortion of non‐trisomic male fetuses.CD200 and Ki67+trophoblast proliferation was preserved inCHIwith maternal inflammatory cell infiltration butCD200R was greatly decreased.

Conclusion

ResidualCD200 activity may prevent completion of abortions via induction of Treg cells. InCHI, infiltrating maternal effector T cells may block Treg induction. An autocrine role forCD200‐CD200R interaction versus inhibition of solubleCD200 by solubleCD200R is discussed.
Examination of Studying Approaches of Students at School of Physical Education and Sports in Terms of Different Variables
Authors: Dereceli Cagatay
Published: March 2017

This study aims to examine studying approaches of the students of physical education and school of physical and sports according to various variables. The data of the study conducted in the general scanning model has been collected from 478 students in 2016-2017 teaching year. Studying Approaches Scale has been used to collect data. Besides complementary statistics, t test, multdimensional variance analysis (MANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficient has been used while analysing the data. It's seen that studying approaches of these students continue on indecision level. Additionaly, it's seen that they don't show significant differences in terms of gender, grade, department according to the data collected with the scale. There hasn't been found a notable link with studying approaches and success either.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: March 2017

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 4Anne M. Hornak, Central Michigan University, USACarmen Pérez-Sabater, Universitat Poltècnica de València, SpainChosang Tendhar, Baylor College of Medicine, USACynthia M. Compton, Wingate University, USADamodar Khanal, The University of Manchester, UKErica D. Shifflet-Chila, Michigan State University, USAErkal Arslanoğlu, Sinop University, TurkeyFethi Arslan, Mersin University, TurkeyGobinder Gill, Birmingham Metropolitan College, UKHalis Sakiz, Mardin Artuklu University, TurkeyHyesoo Yoo, Virginia Tech., USAIbrahim Can, Gumushane University, TurkeyIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaJosé D Badia, University of Valencia, SpainLeila Youssef, Arab Open University, LebanonLisa Marie Portugal, Grand Canyon University, USALorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMahmoud Radwan, Tanta University, EgyptMarcie Zaharee, The MITRE Corporation, USAMarieke van der Schaaf, Utrecht University, The NetherlandsMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMin Gui, Wuhan University, ChinaMukadder Baran, Hakkari University, TurkeyMürşet Çakmak, Mardin Artuklu University, TurkeyMustafa Çakır, Marmara Üniversity, TurkeyNele Kampa, Leibniz-Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN), GermanyNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanOnder Daglioglu, Gaziantep University, TurkeyÖzgür Bostanci, Ondokuz Mayis University, TurkeyRecep Aslaner, Inonu University, TurkeyRichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASandra Kaplan, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USAŞenay Koparan, Uludağ University, TurkeyShengnan Liu, Ocean University of China, ChinaSimona Savelli, Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, ItalyThomas K. F. Chiu, The University of Hong Kong, Hong KongTurhan Toros, Mersin Üniversitesi, TurkeyYalçın Dilekli, Aksaray University, TurkeyYerlan Seisenbekov, Kazakh National Pedagogical University, KazakhstanZachary Wahl-Alexander, Northern Illinois University, USAZeki Coşkuner, Fırat University, Turkey Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Genes, environment, and “bad luck”
Authors: Nowak Martin A. , Waclaw Bartlomiej
Published: March 2017

Explaining cancer risk in a statistical sense
My life with elephants
Authors: Paudel Sarad
Published: March 2017

Born and raised in western Nepal, Sarad Paudel saw his first elephant at Chitwan National Park, southern Nepal, and resolved to build his career around them
On the localized quantum oscillators in a common heat bath
Authors: Nasr Z. , Kheirandish F.
Published: March 2017

To remedy the failure of minimal coupling method in describing the quantum dynamics of two localized Brownian oscillators interacting with a common medium, a scheme is introduced to model the medium by a continuum of complex scalar fields or equivalently two independent real scalar fields. The starting point is a Lagrangian of the total system and quantization is achieved in the framework of canonical quantization. The equations of motion, memory or response functions and fluctuation–dissipation relations are obtained. An induced force between oscillators is obtained originating from the fluctuations of the medium. Ohmic and non-Ohmic regimes are discussed and the positions of oscillators are obtained approximately in large time limit and weak coupling regime. Quantum entanglement between localized oscillators is obtained in zero temperature and strong coupling regime.
Toric Geometry of the Regular Convex Polyhedra
Authors: Battaglia Fiammetta , Prato Elisa
Published: March 2017

We describe symplectic and complex toric spaces associated with the five regular convex polyhedra. The regular tetrahedron and the cube are rational and simple, the regular octahedron is not simple, the regular dodecahedron is not rational, and the regular icosahedron is neither simple nor rational. We remark that the last two cases cannot be treated via standard toric geometry.
Nafion®-Containing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Tool for Anticancer Pt Delivery: Preliminary Studies
Authors: Sguizzato Maddalena , Esposito Elisabetta , Drechsler Marcus , Gallerani Eleonora , Gavioli Riccardo , Mariani Paolo , Carducci Federica , Cortesi Rita , Bergamini Paola
Published: March 2017

Preliminary studies of nanoparticles based on the perfluorosulfonic acid resin Nafion have been carried out with the aim of establishing an ionic connection with the protonable phosphine 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA), suitable for the coordination of platinum. Nafion-containing nanoparticles (NAF) were produced by homogenization followed by ultrasonication method. After production, NAF were characterized in terms of size, morphology, andin vitrocytotoxicity. The PCS studies showed that theZ-average mean diameter was around 250 nm. Moreover, the polydispersity index showed a monodimensional distribution of nanoparticles. Cryo-TEM analysis showed a uniform and homogenous population of particles, characterized by the presence of both ovoidal and needle-like structures. To evaluate thein vitrocytotoxicity, NAF were tested on human cancer cell lines K562 and A2780. No cytotoxic effect was found on both cell lines. By13P-NMR measures, it is here proved that the strongly acidic sulfonic groups of Nafion-containing nanoparticles (NAF) can act as protonating agents for PTA. The protonation occurs selectively at nitrogen; hence protonated PTA maintains its ability to coordinate platinum via its phosphorus atom.
The Impact of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin D Levels on Functional Outcome after First-Ever Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Markišić Merdin , Pavlović Aleksandra M. , Pavlović Dragan M.
Published: March 2017

We explored the relationship between acute ischaemic stroke (IS) early functional outcome and serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12, and D in a noninterventional prospective clinical study. We enrolled 50 patients with first-ever IS and performed laboratory tests and functional assessment at three time points: on admission and three and six months after stroke. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), NIHSS scale, and Barthel index (BI) scores were assessed in all participants by trained examiner blinded to laboratory data. Patients did not receive treatment that might alter laboratory data. Admission NIHSS correlated with homocysteine levels (r=0.304,p<0.05), B12 level (r=-0.410,p<0.01), and vitamin D levels (r=-0.465,p<0.01). Functional outcome measures (BI and mRS) did not significantly correlate with homocysteine and vitamin D3 levels at 3 and 6 months. However, a positive correlation with vitamin B12 levels was detected for BI both at 3 and 6 months and mRS at 6 months. Higher serum vitamin B12 levels were associated with better functional outcome at follow-up.
Measured Performance Comparisons between Spatial Multiplexing and Beamforming Arrays in the 28 GHz Band
Authors: Piao Dazhi , Jia Xingning , Ma Xiaochuan , Guo Qingxin , Li Zengrui
Published: March 2017

A spatial multiplexing (SM) array and a beamforming (BF) array with similar antenna size working at 28 GHz are designed and fabricated. In the SM array, a 4 × 4 MIMO system is realized with each port composed of a four-element subarray. In the BF array, the whole 16 elements are used to formulate a high-gain array. The measured S-parameters are in agreement with the simulated results. For both arrays, the channel capacities are computed by the measured channel matrix and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in an office room. Results show that capacity of the SM system is larger than that of the BF system, although the gain of BF array is about 5 dB larger than that of the SM array. However, the capacity of the SM array depends heavily on SNR; specifically, for the 1 dBm transmit power, communication distance R=25 cm, the ergodic capacity of the SM system is 2.76 times that of the BF system, and if R=250 cm, the capacity gain is reduced to 1.45. Furthermore, compared with the BF array, the SM array has a more robust performance over antenna misalignment, because of the wider beamwidth.