bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Generator Replacement and Breast Implant Revision—A Combined Case
Authors: Lamprou Vasileios , Murphy John , Ardizzone Andrea , Campbell Niall G.
Published: February 2025

Physicians are increasingly likely to encounter patients with both cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) and breast implants in situ. Our case indicates the importance of appropriate planning and multidisciplinary input for CIED procedures in patients with breast implants or vice versa. When planning the procedure, the aesthetic outcome needs to be considered.
A Case Report of Anti‐GD3 Antibody Positive Incomplete Miller‐Fisher Syndrome With Pyramidal Tract Symptoms
Authors: Li Zhaojiao , Li Jun , Liu Lingchun , Chen Jiajie , Mao Xueye , Yang Jing , Yang Shu , Li Haixia , Li Shan , Meng Qiang
Published: February 2025

Incomplete Miller‐Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting the nervous system. In contrast to classical MFS, its clinical manifestations are often atypical and may be characterized by the absence of certain features, such as extraocular muscle paralysis and the loss of tendon reflexes. The presence of anti‐GD3 antibodies is infrequently observed in these patients. This case report describes a patient diagnosed with incomplete MFS who exhibited positive anti‐GD3 antibody results and presented with pyramidal tract signs. This suggests that anti‐GD3 antibodies may play a role in the pathogenesis of some atypical forms of MFS, warranting attention in clinical practice.
Primary Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the Spine: A First in Africa. A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kgaodi Bakang Abiot , Lazarus Jed Saul , Price Brendon , Kruger Stefan , Thompson Crispin
Published: February 2025

Primary Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the spine is an ultra‐rare malignant vascular neoplasm with no pathognomonic clinical features and as such requires a high index of suspicion and a multi‐disciplinary and multimodality treatment approach.
Ru(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Annulation of Imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines with Alkynes: A Direct Route to Functionalized Quinolizines
Authors: Konwar Monuranjan , Hazarika Nitumoni , Das Animesh
Published: February 2025

Ru(II)‐catalyzed oxidative annulation of imidazo[1,5‐a]quinoline with alkynes via double C−H activation to produce highly functionalized quinolizines is reported. This reaction featured high efficiency and a relatively wide substrate scope, further has been successfully utilized in the late‐stage functionalization and diversification of annulated products. The reaction is highly chemoselective and regioselective. In addition, the use of biomass‐derived solvent as a reaction medium, the catalyst can be recycled a number of times. Interestingly, most of the annulated products exhibit intense fluorescence emission at a broad range and their photophysical property could be tuned by restricting the intramolecular motion in aqueous media and showing AIE‐active properties. They also exhibit a selective fluorescent response towards Cu2+. Further photocatalytic properties of the π‐extended product are demonstrated in the oxidative azolation of unactivated arenes.
Synthesis, Fluorescence Regulation and White‐Light Emission of Ln‐MOFs Incorporating Trivalent Rare Earth Ions (Ln3+, Eu3+, Tb3+)
Authors: He Dan‐Feng , Liu Yi‐Wei , Zheng Ting‐ting , Chen Xu‐gang , Zhou Fu‐Jiang , Li Li , Xu Hui
Published: February 2025

This study reports on the synthesis, fluorescence modulation, and white‐light emission characteristics of a series of isostructural lanthanide‐based metal‐organic frameworks (Ln‐MOFs). The synthesized materials demonstrated exceptional color rendering capabilities, design flexibility, color tunability, and high fluorescence efficiencies. Through strategic doping, a range of mono‐ and co‐doped complexes were successfully obtained, enabling precise tuning of the fluorescence properties. An optimized white‐light‐emitting material was developed based on the additive color mixing principle of the three primary colors. The fluorescence attributes, including brightness, luminescence lifetime, quantum yield, and color purity, were comprehensively evaluated. Furthermore, the complexes exhibited notable fluorescence quenching effects in response to Cd2+ ions, highlighting their potential as sensors for the detection of cadmium ions in complex metal ion solutions. This research offers valuable insights into the advancement of Ln‐MOFs for applications in white‐light emission and fluorescence‐based sensing.
Communicating a diagnosis of Dravet syndrome to parents/caregivers: An international Delphi consensus
Authors: Brunklaus Andreas , Schubert‐Bast Susanne , Darra Francesca , Nickels Katherine , Breuillard Delphine , Giuffrida Andrea , Eldred Claire , Flege Silke , Cardenal‐Muñoz Elena , Sánchez‐Carpintero Rocío
Published: February 2025

Objective

Dravet syndrome is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by drug‐resistance, lifelong seizures, and significant comorbidities including intellectual and motor impairment. Receiving a diagnosis of Dravet syndrome is challenging for parents/caregivers, and little research has focused on how the diagnosis should be given. A Delphi consensus process was undertaken to determine key aspects for healthcare professionals (HCPs) to consider when communicating a Dravet syndrome diagnosis to parents/caregivers.

Methods

Following a literature search and steering committee review, 34 statements relating to the first diagnosis consultation were independent‐ and anonymously voted on (from 1, totally inappropriate, to 9, totally appropriate) by an international group of expert child neurologists, neuropsychiatrists, nurses, and patient advisory group (PAG) representatives. The statements were divided into five chapters: (i) communication during the first diagnosis consultation, (ii) information to be delivered during the first diagnosis consultation, (iii) points to be reiterated at the end of the first diagnosis consultation, (iv) information to be delivered at subsequent consultations, and (v) communication around genetic testing. Statements receiving ≥ 75% of the votes with a score of ≥7 and/or with a median score of ≥8 were considered consensual.

Results

The statements were evaluated by 44 HCPs and PAG representatives in the first round of voting; 29 statements obtained strong consensus, 3 received good consensus, and 2 did not reach consensus. The committee reformulated and resubmitted 4 statements for evaluation (42/44 voters): 3 obtained strong consensus and 1 remained not consensual. The final consensual recommendations include guidance on consultation setting, key disease aspects to convey, how to discuss genetic testing results, disease evolution, and the risk of SUDEP, among other topics.

Significance

It is hoped that this international Delphi consensus will facilitate a better‐structured initial diagnosis consultation and offer further support for parents/caregivers at this challenging time of learning about Dravet syndrome.

Plain Language Summary

Diagnosis of Dravet syndrome, a rare and severe form of childhood‐onset epilepsy, is often challenging to give to parents. This international study developed guidance and recommendations to help healthcare professionals better structure and personalize this disclosure. By following this advice, doctors can provide more tailored support to families, improving their understanding and management of the condition.
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Survival Trends in the United States: A Population‐Based Analysis of Two Decades
Authors: Sangal Neel R. , Xu Katherine , Kaki Praneet , Cannady Steven , Brody Robert M.
Published: February 2025

Importance

Laryngeal cancer has undergone a complex evolution in incidence, management, and standards of care over the past 20 years. Disease‐wide demographic and survival risk factors have yet to be elucidated.

Objective

Examine incidence, management, and survival trends in laryngeal cancer from 2000 to 2019.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was utilized to identify age‐adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCCa) from 2000 to 2019. Joinpoint regression was conducted to identify annual percentage changes (APCs). Chi‐squared analysis was used to find changes in demographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment changes over the study period. Finally, univariate Kaplan–Meier and COX multivariate regressions were conducted to identify survival differences.

Results

There were 46 266 cases of LSCCa identified between 2000 and 2019 with AAIR of 2.7 per 100 000 person‐years with APC of −2.6% [95% CI: −2.8% to 2.4%]. These rates have largely been down‐trending among demographic substratifications. Age at initial diagnosis has been increasing (64.6 → 66.0, p < 0.001). Higher median household income was associated with lower AAIR (35 000 5.3; > $75 000 2.2) and increased annual percentage decrease (< $35 000, −1.1%*; > $75 000, −3.2%*). There were no other clinically significant differences in demographic and clinicopathologic trends although persistent demographic differences were noted. Late T‐stage at diagnosis has increased over the study period (T3, 18% → 23%, p < 0.001). Treatment with primary chemoradiotherapy has increased significantly (20.0% → 27.0%, p < 0.001). On univariate analysis, there were no significant differences in survival; however, on multivariate analysis, there has been a progressive improvement in disease‐specific and overall survival over 5‐year bins. Late‐stage disease had a progressive improvement in survival with each treatment period on both univariate and multivariate analysis.

Conclusions and Relevance

There has been a progressively significant decrease in age‐adjusted incidence of LSCCa with increased utilization of primary chemoradiotherapy. When adjusted for associated characteristics, there has been a continuing improvement in survival over the study period, primarily in late‐stage disease.
Clinicopathological Significance of Extranodal Extension in Hypopharyngeal and Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kijima Natsumi , Uzawa Yui , Hirai Yuri , Nojima Yusuke , Aoyama Jun , Takahashi Hideaki , Arai Yasuhiro , Sano Daisuke , Nishimura Goshi , Oridate Nobuhiko , Fujii Satoshi
Published: February 2025

Background

The AJCC cutoff value of 2 mm for the extranodal extension (ENE) distance was determined from an analysis of patients with or without adjuvant therapy. The purpose of this study was to find out the ENE distance that reflects prognosis only in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who received adjuvant therapy.

Methods

The ENE distance was defined for 109 patients who underwent surgery for SCC of larynx or hypopharynx as a primary tumor.

Results

To standardize patient conditions, only 26 patients who received additional postoperative treatment were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the ENE distance for overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) yielded a cutoff value of 4250 μm. Multivariate analysis showed that the ENE distance was an independent poor prognostic factor for OS and RFS.

Conclusion

The optimal ENE distance cutoff for OS and RFS in postoperatively treated patients was 4250 μm.
Belief Shocks and Implications of Expectations About Growth‐at‐Risk
Authors: Boeck Maximilian , Pfarrhofer Michael
Published: February 2025

This paper revisits the question of how shocks to expectations of market participants can cause business cycle fluctuations. We use a vector autoregression to estimate dynamic causal effects of belief shocks which are extracted from nowcast errors about output growth. In a first step, we replicate and corroborate the findings of Enders, Kleemann, and Müller (2021). The second step computes nowcast errors about growth‐at‐risk at various quantiles. This involves both recovering the quantiles of the nowcast distribution of output growth from the Survey of Professional Forecasters, and, since the true quantiles of output growth are unobserved, estimating them with quantile regressions. We document a lack of distinct patterns in response to shocks arising from nowcasts misjudging macroeconomic risk. Although the differences are statistically insignificant, belief shocks about downside risk seem to produce somewhat sharper business cycle fluctuations.
Biosafety and Efficacy Studies of Colchicine‐Encapsulated Liposomes for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Yuan Lu , Kang Daohuan , Teng Liping , Chen Nan , Zhan Jiao , Yu Rui , Wang Yong , Lu Bin
Published: February 2025

Inflammation is a critical component in the progression of various ocular diseases, such as age‐related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis, leading to significant vision loss. Colchicine has been used for treating gout with its anti‐inflammatory effect. However, free colchicine demonstrated cytotoxicity to ocular cells and cannot directly be used for eye disease. Thus, this study introduces, for the first time, the development and use of colchicine‐encapsulated liposomes as a novel therapeutic approach for managing inflammation‐driven ocular conditions. The encapsulation of colchicine within liposomes represents a significant innovation, aimed at enhancing biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy while minimizing cytotoxic effects associated with free colchicine. Our research synthesized colchicine‐loaded liposomes and assessed their therapeutic impact on human monocytes, macrophages, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in an inflammatory environment. The findings reveal a groundbreaking improvement in treatment strategies, with a substantial reduction in TNF‐alpha‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in RPE cells. Moreover, the colchicine‐loaded liposomes significantly inhibited the proliferation and ROS production in activated monocytes and macrophages and effectively decreased interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 secretion, highlighting their strong anti‐inflammatory properties and showed slightly better suppression of these two cytokines than dexamethasone‐liposomes.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma Loaded Alginate‐Based Injectable Hydrogel for Meniscal Tear Repair: In Vivo Evaluation in Lapine Model
Authors: Resmi Rajalekshmi , Parvathy Jayasree , Anjali Sudha , Amrita Natarajan , Jyothi Arun , Harikrishnan V. S. , John Annie , Joseph Roy
Published: February 2025

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been employed for orthopedic applications for decades due to the abundance of bioactive cues/growth factors that ameliorate the proliferation and migration of relevant cells involved in tissue repair/regeneration. In this work, PRP was incorporated into injectable compositions of alginate‐based hydrogel and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro tests revealed that PRP addition promoted cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and distribution of seeded fibrochondrocytes on the hydrogel. Further, the DNA quantification and sGAG estimation confirmed the production of fibrocartilage‐specific extracellular matrix, predominantly type 1 collagen and sGAG. For in vivo evaluation, tears were created surgically in the rabbit menisci and were filled with injectable hydrogel. Sham and hydrogel without PRP were used as controls. Histopathological evaluation after 3 months of implantation revealed that the healing was partial for sham control, but complete for hydrogel without PRP. The hydrogel served as the scaffold for fibrocartilage tissue regeneration. On the other hand, PRP‐incorporated hydrogel showed good healing with low signs of inflammation as evidenced by histology and biochemical content. The healing was complete, and the nature of the regenerated tissues was very close to native tissue indicating that alginate‐based hydrogel is a promising candidate for meniscal tissue repair.
Pathogens and Prognosis of Deep Neck Infection in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Lu Ang , Tsai Yao‐Te , Tsai Ming‐Shao , Hsu Cheng‐Ming , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Liu Chia‐Yen , Chang Geng‐He
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aims to investigate the differences in pathogenic bacterial spectra between patients with deep neck infection (DNI) with and without liver cirrhosis (LC). The goal is to identify specific pathogens prevalent in LC‐DNI to guide the selection of empiric antibiotics, improving treatment outcomes and prognosis.

Study Design

This is a retrospective study.

Methods

The Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) is a deidentified medical database encompassing seven hospitals within Taiwan's largest medical system. We analyzed data from 2004 to 2018 on DNI patients hospitalized with or without LC, categorizing them into these two groups. This study primarily focused on comparing the bacterial culture results of these groups, alongside an analysis of their treatment modalities (medication alone or surgery) and prognostic outcomes.

Results

From a total of 11,455 DNI patients identified in the CGRD, 76 LC‐DNI patients and 11,178 non‐LC‐DNI patients met the inclusion criteria after exclusions. The LC group had significantly higher rates of surgical debridement (34.2% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.002), ICU admission (22.4% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.004), and mediastinal complications (7.9% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.005). Although the overall mortality rates were not significantly different between the two groups (6.6% vs. 4.6%, p = 0.401), the mediastinitis‐related mortality rate was significantly higher in the LC‐DNI group (2.6% vs. 0.2%, p = 0.015). Bacterial culture analysis revealed that LC‐DNI patients predominantly presented with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) as the primary facultative anaerobic pathogen, whereas non‐LC‐DNI patients were most infected with Viridans streptococcus (VS). For anaerobic bacteria, both groups consistently cultured Peptostreptococcus micros and Prevotella intermedia as the predominant species.

Conclusions

LC‐DNI patients are predominantly infected with KP, a Gram‐negative bacillus, unlike the Gram‐positive cocci, VS, in non‐LC‐DNI. Anaerobic pathogens were similar in both groups. Empiric antibiotics for LC‐DNI should target KP and anaerobes to improve outcomes.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2025
Development and laboratory assessment of a subsea particle image velocimetry system for bubble and turbulence measurements in marine seeps
Authors: Ying Xuchen , Reasad Mustahsin , Wang Binbin
Published: February 2025

We present the development and laboratory evaluation of RPiPIV, an underwater particle image velocimetry (PIV) system controlled by a Raspberry Pi. Designed specifically to measure bubble characteristics and bubble‐induced flow in natural hydrocarbon seeps, RPiPIV comprises three primary pressure enclosures, housing a consumer‐grade laser for particle illumination, a Gig‐E camera for image capture, a Raspberry Pi for system control, and essential supporting electronics for voltage conversion, battery management, and remote connection. Operating on 24–36 V DC power, the RPiPIV system can be deployed tethered onto a remotely operated vehicle or self‐contained for extended duration measurements. Comparing the RPiPIV and a laboratory high‐speed camera system, we conducted assessments of bubble imaging in a bubble stream and PIV measurements in a water jet, bubble‐chain flow, and single‐orifice bubble plume. Laboratory assessments revealed that bubble diameter estimates differed by approximately 5%. In PIV measurements, mean axial velocities exhibited differences of approximately 5%, while turbulent normal and shear stresses showed variances within 10–30%. Dissipation rates of turbulence kinetic energy differed by approximately 60%. These findings underscore the system's potential for reliably quantifying complex multiphase flow characteristics in deep‐sea environments.
Perfect Soliton Crystal Linear‐Wave Scattering Enables Spectrum Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Hongyi , Lu Liangjun , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie
Published: February 2025

Frequency translation induced by the nonlinear interaction between a soliton microcomb and a linear wave has been proposed to create a comb spectrum with broad spanning. Bragg scattering triggers the coherent four‐wave‐mixing process to generate new frequency components. Utilizing the perfect soliton crystal (PSC) linear‐wave scattering allows for the reconstruction of the comb spectrum, achieving spectral broadening and increasing the number of lines. By simultaneously separating two probe lasers on each edge of the PSC comb to stimulate the idler combs, the spectrum expands outward on both sides. Additionally, the study forms a pair of interleaved combs comprising PSC and idler combs with matching comb spacing to enhance the number of lines. The shape and efficiency of the idler comb are adjusted by varying the probe laser power and detuning. In comparison to the PSC comb with a 4% conversion efficiency, the idler comb exhibits a significantly higher conversion efficiency of nearly 50%. The findings demonstrate a straightforward method to reconstruct the PSC comb by introducing a probe laser to overcome the limitations imposed by microring properties.
Multichannel Parallel Mode Order Converter for On‐Chip Reconfigurable PDM‐MDM Transmission
Authors: Yuan Zhe , Wang Yongchen , Fan Hangming , Liu Xiaoyang , Cheng Mengfan , Yang Qi , Tang Ming , Liu Deming , Deng Lei
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for communication capacity has led to extensive exploration of hybrid multiplexing technologies that combine multiple wavelengths, modes, and polarization. Nevertheless, designing mode converters for hybrid multiplexing remains challenging. Reconfigurable and scalable multichannel parallel mode converters offer an attractive solution for efficient mode switching with a small footprint. In this paper, a compact and high‐performance dual‐polarization multichannel parallel mode order converter based on metamaterials is proposed, which consists of two components. One of the components is the flexible and compact multimode beam splitter designed by the rapidly convergent variable step size binary search algorithm. The other component is the dual‐polarization phase shifter that maximizes the feature size of the non‐subwavelength structure, significantly reducing the adverse effects of over‐etching. The experimental results demonstrate that the insertion loss of each mode is below 1.96 dB, while the crosstalk of each input mode is lower than −13.4 dB. The feasibility of high‐speed transmission is demonstrated by transmitting 30 GBuad 16‐quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals on the device. This device is believed to be the first dual‐polarization multichannel parallel mode converter reported to date. This innovative device holds great potential for enhancing communication capacity in reconfigurable and scalable hybrid multiplexed transmission systems.
Comparing Who We Are to Who We Could Be: How Future Self‐Images Influence Consumer Choices
Authors: Taylor Alex , Carlson Jamie
Published: February 2025

This paper extends an adjacent perspective to social comparison theory: temporal comparison theory, which refers to intraindividual comparison over time (i.e., comparing the present self with past or future selves), and develops this theory in the context of virtual consumer identity. Building on existing literature on social comparison theory, temporal comparison theory, identity theory, and self‐concept theories, and advancements in technology‐driven virtual self‐expression, we propose a preliminary theoretical framework that outlines the mechanisms, processes, and consequences of reflective and predictive temporal comparison and their relationship to social comparison theory. We elucidate how temporal comparison influences consumers' development of self, emotional regulation, pursuit of wellbeing, and associated consumer behavior, particularly in virtual contexts. Insights resulting from our integrated theoretical approach suggest that predictive temporal comparisons serve motivations (e.g., assessing personal growth or decline) that may not be addressed by comparisons with social others. By examining the role of social and temporal comparison in contemporary consumer behavior, particularly in digitally mediated experiences, our study provides deeper understanding of the relationship between comparison and self‐concept. We present implications for researchers, marketers, and society, and suggest research directions to explore temporal and social comparison as complementary theories in understanding the digital consumer.
A Universal Method for the Synthesis of new Heterocyclic Systems: Pyrimido[2,1‐f][1,2,4]triazines
Authors: Sirakanyan Samvel N. , Spinelli Domenico , Geronikaki Athina , Kartsev Victor G. , Hakobyan Elmira K. , Jughetsyan Hasmik V. , Yegoryan Hasmik A. , Hovakimyan Anush A.
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of pyrimido[2,1‐f][1,2,4]triazines was performed in four steps. Compounds obtained by acylation of the starting amino esters of thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines were reacted with various amines. The resulting amino derivatives underwent cyclization in the presence of hydrazine hydrate leading to new aminomethyl derivatives of thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidines. Further cyclization of the latter resulted to the synthesis of new unique heterocyclic systems: pyrido[3′′,2′′:4′,5′]thieno[3′,2′:4,5]pyrimido[2,1‐f][1,2,4]triazines. The uniqueness of these systems lies in the fact that even the combination of the last two cycles represents a new heterocyclic system.
Has the Era of Individualized Intrauterine Treatment for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Arrived?
Authors: Fu Xinyu , Xia Yanjie , Li Shaojun , Zhao Zhenhua , Kong Lingrong , Zhu Jingqi , Li Huanyun , Wu Shitong , Wu Di , Kong Xiangdong
Published: February 2025

Background

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a common metabolic genetic disease. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to improve the prognosis. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) is an early, safe, and accurate method. This study aimed to evaluate the NIPD of CAH while guiding individualized intrauterine treatment.

Methods

Twenty families with a 25% risk of having a baby with 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (21‐OHD) were included. Haplotypes were constructed based on targeted sequencing and family linkage analysis. Relative haplotype dosage (RHDO) combined with Bayes factor was used to infer fetal genotypes. Invasive prenatal diagnosis was performed to verify the reliability of NIPD. For affected‐female fetuses, intrauterine treatment was applied until delivery.

Results

In 20 families, NIPD successfully identified one female‐affected fetus, four male‐affected fetuses, nine heterozygotes, and five normal fetuses. The first‐pass success rate of NIPD was 90% (18/20), the reporting rate was 95% (19/20), and the accuracy was 100% (19/19). Individualized intrauterine treatment avoided 88.9% (8/9) of unnecessary treatment of unaffected female fetuses. Moreover, no significant virilization was observed in the newborn of CAH16, which underwent intrauterine treatment.

Conclusion

NIPD has far‐reaching implications for the early treatment and clinical management of pregnancy in families with 21‐OHD.
Career Guidance and Counseling Strategy Based on Nusantara Culture for the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in High School: A Narrative Review
Authors: Roziqi Masbahur
Published: February 2025

This article aims to investigate the contribution of career counseling and guidance based on Nusantara culture in the implementation of the independent curriculum. The scope of this writing is focused on the strategies and implementation of career counseling and guidance in high schools. The research method used a narrative review of career counseling and guidance based on Nusantara culture. The results of this study show that group counseling and classical guidance, as well as culturally infused individual and group counseling, can serve as basic services in the career field within the independent curriculum for high school students. These strategies can be further developed and explored according to the cultural context of each high school in their respective regions.
“We're Not Giving Up” Special Education Teacher's Experiences During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Hurwitz Sarah , Carlock Kane , Garman‐McClaine Blaine
Published: February 2025

This study investigated special education teachers' experiences during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Through qualitative, semi‐structured interviews, 15 educators shared detailed reports of how efforts to reach students strained their mental health. They felt stressed due to frequently changing expectations and pressure to comply with federal special education regulations. The result was burnout and emotional exhaustion. Participants correctly predicted that students would develop behavioral and emotional problems post‐pandemic, and called for intensifying school‐based mental health services. The mental health challenges that they described resulted in teacher attrition and nationwide concerns about worsening student behavior problems.
Emigration and Survival of Hatchery‐Reared Coho Salmon Released as Parr and Smolts in a Reintroduction Program
Authors: Bosch William J. , Pandit Shubha N. , Newsome Todd , Matala Andrew P. , Frederiksen Chris , Mays Zack , Lind David , Johnston Mark V. , Blodgett Joe
Published: February 2025

Releasing fish at varied life stages is an underutilized hatchery‐rearing practice. Columbia River Treaty tribes have been working to reintroduce extirpated Coho Salmon to historical habitats in upper watersheds. This effort has included the release of hatchery‐origin fish at both the parr and smolt life stages in the Yakima River Basin (Washington State USA), a tributary to the Columbia River. We evaluated releases of parr and smolts tagged with passive integrated transponders over 11 brood years. We assessed emigration timing, fish survival, and age‐at‐return for the two release groups. Emigrating juveniles released as smolts had higher survival and arrived downstream earlier than fish released as parr. Survival from release locations to adult return did not significantly differ for the two release groups. However, we observed a difference in apparent marine survival as fish released as parr had mean juvenile‐to‐adult return rates greater than fish released as smolts. Parr releases also tended to return at older age than smolt releases. Our results indicate that implementing practices to reduce homogenization of hatchery releases may produce survival and diversity benefits as fish mature to later life stages. Given the rapid ecosystem changes Pacific Salmon are experiencing throughout their life cycles, practices such as this may have increasing utility and import.
A Comparative Investigation of Infiltration and Channel Roughness of Ephemeral and Perennial Streams in a Mountainous Catchment
Authors: Khaniya Bhabishya , Gomes Pattiyage I. A. , Perera Manimeldura D. D. , Wai Onyx W. H.
Published: February 2025

Infiltration and channel roughness, two major factors that govern stream discharge, were studied in similar‐sized ephemeral and perennial streams in a mountainous tropical catchment. Seasons were defined based on two ephemeral flow conditions, i.e., with (wet season) and without (dry season) surface flow. A stream was divided transversely into low‐flow areas (close to the thalweg) and high‐flow areas (close to the channel margin). The highest average infiltration (~50 mm/h) was observed in the low flow areas around the thalweg of ephemeral streams in the dry season and was significantly higher than for any other spatial scale or temporal period. The infiltration in high‐flow areas did not show a statistically significant difference between the two stream types, and surprisingly, perennial streams in the dry season showed higher infiltration than ephemeral streams. Since sediment moisture and organic content showed negative and positive correlations with infiltration, respectively, for both stream types and ephemeral streams showed statistically significant negative correlations between litter and infiltration during the dry season, the low infiltration in ephemeral high flow areas was attributed to stream‐type dependent litter processing. The litter of ephemeral stream high‐flow areas was subject to partial decomposition due to rapid drying and had residue of previously buried litter. Ephemeral channels were two to three times rougher than perennial channels. Standing crop biomass and mean particle size increased stream roughness in both stream types but were less prominent in ephemeral streams due to the presence of litter. The study demonstrated that litter has a special role in defining the infiltration pattern, channel roughness, and flood control potential of ephemeral streams.
Effectiveness of an Electrical Barrier to Improve Silver Eel (Anguilla anguilla) Escapement Over a Hydropower Dam on the Meuse River, Belgium
Authors: Sonny D. , Beguin J. , De Oliveira E. , Theunissen P. , Lerquet M. , Roy R. , Teichert N.
Published: February 2025

The European eel population is in severe decline, leading to several regulations to save the species from extinction. Various factors impact various stages of the complex lifecycle of this species, and improving the survival of silver eels migrating downstream through turbines is essential in hydropower plants (HPPs). While adapted physical barriers ensure total protection in new small HPPs, effective solutions are still needed for larger existing facilities. An electrical barrier was installed across the forebay of 160 m3 s−1 HPP. An acoustic telemetry study compared silver eel passage via the dam versus the turbines between reference values in the year prior to the installation of the barrier versus migration after installation and operation of the electrical barrier. The dam passage rate increased significantly with the electrical barrier, in hydrological conditions similar to those of the reference year. Under flow conditions where the nonturbine flow was the lowest, a reduction of 52% in turbine passage could be explained by the electrical barrier. While this efficacy is far from perfect, the results encourage using this technology in large HPPs as a first step in eel protection. At our pilot study site, the technology was adopted as a permanent solution, associated with turbine shutdown according to an eel migration prediction model.
Middle School Students' Application of Science Learning From Physical Versus Virtual Labs to New Contexts
Authors: Gnesdilow Dana , Puntambekar Sadhana
Published: February 2025

Even though virtual labs help students learn science content, little is known about how well students can later apply this learning to other contexts or tasks when compared to students who performed physical labs. The goal of this study was to understand how students who perform physical versus virtual labs were able to later apply what they learn to a new context and a more intricate physical lab. We also explored whether reducing the complexity of the physical lab, by setting up the apparatus before students conducted experiments, supported students' learning of physics concepts and relationships when compared to students who performed a virtual lab. Using a quasi‐experimental research design, we randomly assigned 26, seventh and eighth grade classes from seven teachers' classes into two conditions, the virtual or pre‐set‐up physical pulley lab conditions. Using data collected from 385 students and 188 groups, we found that students who were in the virtual lab condition learned significantly more about the mechanics of pulleys than students in the physical lab condition as assessed by a content knowledge pre to posttest. We also found that students in the virtual condition performed better on answering and explaining a real‐world scenario application question and took no longer to set up a more complex pulley system in small groups than students in the physical condition. We discuss limitations, implications, and directions for future research.
Geographical Disparities of Uncertainty Stress and Life Stress Among University Students: A Study Across All Provinces in Mainland China
Authors: Yang Tingzhong , Peng Sihui , Oliffe John L. , Zhang Weifang
Published: February 2025

The study objective was to investigate geographical variation of uncertainty stress and life stress among university students in China. Respondents comprised 11,954 students from 50 universities and 31 provinces in China's mainland. Respondents completed the extended version of Global Health Professional Student Survey (GHPSS) on Tobacco Control in China, which added additional health, mental stress, and behavioural items on original version, and regional variables were retrieved from the National Bureau of Statistics database. Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were used in the logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of high uncertainty stress was 19.60% (95% CI: 15.90%, 23.30%), while the prevalence of life stress was 8.60% (95% CI: 7.20%, 10.70%). The prevalence rates varied significantly across the 31 provinces. The random parameters for uncertainty stress and life stress were statistically significant at the 0.01 level, with values of 0.2593 and 0.3971, respectively. The geographical distribution revealed two high uncertainty stress zones between the east coast and the middle area, as well as in the west area from south to north. High life stress, on the other hand, was concentrated in the central area. Multilevel logistic regression showed province level per capita disposal income of households partly contributed to uncertainty stress (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.94) and life stress (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.89). These findings underscore the importance of environmental contribution to mental stress among university students. Given that college students' mental stress is high, there is a need for environmental measurements to prevent and address multiple perceived stress in students.
A Chemogenetic Toolkit for Inducible, Cell Type‐Specific Actin Disassembly
Authors: Lan Tien‐Hung , Ambiel Nicholas , Lee Yi‐Tsang , Nonomura Tatsuki , Zhou Yubin , Zuchero J. Bradley
Published: February 2025

The actin cytoskeleton and its nanoscale organization are central to all eukaryotic cells—powering diverse cellular functions including morphology, motility, and cell division—and is dysregulated in multiple diseases. Historically studied largely with purified proteins or in isolated cells, tools to study cell type‐specific roles of actin in multicellular contexts are greatly needed. DeActs are recently created, first‐in‐class genetic tools for perturbing actin nanostructures and dynamics in specific cell types across diverse eukaryotic model organisms. Here, ChiActs are introduced, the next generation of actin‐perturbing genetic tools that can be rapidly activated in cells and optogenetically targeted to distinct subcellular locations using light. ChiActs are composed of split halves of DeAct‐SpvB, whose potent actin disassembly‐promoting activity is restored by chemical‐induced dimerization or allosteric switching. It is shown that ChiActs function to rapidly induce actin disassembly in several model cell types and are able to perturb actin‐dependent nano‐assembly and cellular functions, including inhibiting lamellipodial protrusions and membrane ruffling, remodeling mitochondrial morphology, and reorganizing chromatin by locally constraining actin disassembly to specific subcellular compartments. ChiActs thus expand the toolbox of genetically‐encoded tools for perturbing actin in living cells, unlocking studies of the many roles of actin nano‐assembly and dynamics in complex multicellular systems.
Impact of Minimal Silver Incorporation on Chalcopyrite Absorbers—Origins for Improved Open‐Circuit Voltages in (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
Authors: Prathapani Sateesh , Gharabeiki Sevan , Lauche Jakob , Schwiddessen René , Reyes‐Figueroa Pablo , Weinberger Nikolaus , Melchiorre Michele , Schlatmann Rutger , Lauermann Iver , Kaufmann Christian Alexander
Published: February 2025

The influence of minimal amounts of Ag (0.5–1.4 at%) on elemental distribution and crystalline quality of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 (ACIGSe) absorbers grown by the three‐stage coevaporation without added alkali elements is reported. The elemental ratios affect the amount of Ag to be uniformly incorporated into the chalcopyrite absorber and the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of the ACIGSe solar cell devices. Ag‐containing absorbers deposited at 530 °C achieve a best photoconversion efficiency of 18.2%. Due to an increased VOC, ACIGSe absorbers perform better than their Ag‐free variants at low deposition temperatures. The factors contributing to this increased VOC of low‐temperature devices are: 1) enhanced elemental Ga and In interdiffusion and hence their spatial distribution across the absorber thickness, leading to an increase in the minimum bandgap, 2) an improved absorber crystalline quality with larger grains resulting in high quasi‐Fermi‐level splitting and lower nonradiative losses. The photoluminescence data obtained on the ACIGSe absorbers reveal the corresponding variations in their bandgap and photoluminescence quantum yield. These material‐level insights into Ag incorporation in chalcopyrite help to advance the development of chalcopyrite‐based tandem solar cells, which—so far—is limited by the requirement of high deposition temperatures.
Positions on the Germline Boundary: Stop, Wait, or Go?
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine , Nordlund Christer
Published: February 2025

The chapter provides an overview over various ethical positions in relation to the ethical challenges associated to human genome editing: a categorical position against, a cautious intermediate position, and a more liberal position in favour of germline editing. While the first position advocates a ban on moral grounds, and the second argues for some kind of moratorium until scientific and other questions have been resolved, the third emphasizes the medical potential and the importance of taking advantage of scientific progress as soon as it is sufficiently safe to do so. The chapter also presents the current broad lines of ethical consensus in the scientific community.
Categorical Objections to Germline Editing
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine , Nordlund Christer
Published: February 2025

This chapter takes a closer look at so-called categorical objections to human germline gene editing. Categorical objections played an important part in some of the earlier debate and has informed some of the legal and regulatory frameworks on germline gene editing. The chapter explores different categorical objections as well as various objections to these. Are there convincing reasons to presume that germline gene editing interventions violates fundamental moral norms? The chapter explores different versions of such arguments based on deontological concepts such as human dignity, individual and collective rights, autonomy, and informal consent. Could germline gene editing, if adopted on broad scale, lead to disastrous outcomes such as eugenics, injustice, and loss of values? Is there a risk for an unavoidable slippery slope? Or is there something inherently wrong in the use of this technology (such as “humans playing God”)? The chapter concludes that these kinds of objections fail to make a convincing case that it is categorically wrong to edit the human germline. They nevertheless highlight ethical concerns that need to be taken seriously.
Problem List
Authors: He Zeng , Jiang Wen , Wang Lin
Published: February 2025

To make it easier for the reader to access exercise problems, we have listed all problems in this chapter and added a short description for each problem. In addition, in the following chapters, “the Book” refers to “Nonlinear Oscillations. Ali H. Nayfeh & Dean T. Mook, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1995, ISBN 0–471-12,142–8”). The solutions are arranged according to the chapter names question-numbering in the Book, and our handbook should be viewed as a supplement to the Book.
Parametrically Excited Systems
Authors: He Zeng , Jiang Wen , Wang Lin
Published: February 2025

Based on the Floquet theory, that the characteristic exponent is 0 or i (i.e., the solutions have periods of

$$2\pi $$

2
π

or 4

$$\pi $$

π

) and then determines the values of the parameters for which the assumption is true.
Systems Having Finite Degrees of Freedom
Authors: He Zeng , Jiang Wen , Wang Lin
Published: February 2025

The potential energy of the system is Substitute kinetic and potential energy into the Lagrange’s equation:
The hierarchical three-body problem at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({G}^2\right) $$
Authors: Solon Mikhail P. , Wolz Anna M.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Employing techniques from scattering amplitudes and effective field theory, we model the dynamics of hierarchical triples, which are three-body systems composed of two bodies separated by a distance r and a third body a distance ρ away, with r ≪ ρ. We apply the method of regions to systematically expand in the small ratio r/ρ and illustrate this approach for evaluating Fourier transform integrals, which have been the bottleneck for deriving complete results in position space. In the limit where the distant third body is much heavier than the other two, we derive new analytic results in position space for the three-body conservative potential at

$$ \mathcal{O}\left({G}^2\right) $$

O

G
2

and at leading and next-to-leading order in r/ρ. We also derive new results for arbitrary masses in the rest frame of the distant particle. Our results are exact in velocity, and can be used in analyses involving both bound and unbound hierarchical triples in astrophysical systems.
Melonic limits of the quartic Yukawa model and general features of melonic CFTs
Authors: Fraser-Taliente Ludo , Wheater John
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We study a set of large-N tensor field theories with a rich structure of fixed points, encompassing both the melonic and prismatic CFTs observed previously in the conformal limits of other tensor theories and in the generalised Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. The tensor fields interact via an O(N)3-invariant generalisation of the quartic Yukawa model,

$$ {\phi}^2\overline{\psi}\psi $$

ϕ
2

ψ
¯

ψ

+ ϕ
6. To understand the structure of IR/UV fixed points, we perform a partial four-loop perturbative analysis in D = 3 − ϵ. We identify the flows between the melonic and prismatic fixed points in the bosonic and fermionic sectors, finding an apparent line of fixed points in both. We reproduce these fixed points non-perturbatively using the Schwinger-Dyson equations, and in addition identify the supersymmetric fixed points in general dimension. Selecting a particular fermionic fixed point, we study its conformal spectrum non-perturbatively, comparing it to the sextic prismatic model. In particular, we establish the dimensional windows in which this theory remains stable. We comment on the structure of large-N melonic CFTs across various dimensions, noting a number of features which we expect to be common to any such theory.
An exceptional cluster algebra for Higgs plus jet production
Authors: Aliaj Rigers , Papathanasiou Georgios
Published: February 2025

Abstract

A recent evaluation of three-loop nonplanar Feynman integrals contributing to Higgs plus jet production has established their dependence on two novel symbol letters. We show that the resulting alphabet is described by a G
2 cluster algebra, enlarging the C
2 cluster algebra found to cover all previously known integrals relevant for this process. The cluster algebra connection we find reveals new adjacency relations, which significantly reduce the function space dimension of the non-planar triple ladder integral. These adjacencies may be understood in part by embedding G
2 inside higher-rank cluster algebras.
Szegő Limit Theorem for Truncated Toeplitz Operators
Authors: Miheisi Nazar , O’Loughlin Ryan
Published: February 2025

We discuss generalizations of the Szegő Limit Theorem to truncated Toeplitz operators. In particular, we consider compressions of Toeplitz operators to an increasing sequence of finite dimensional model spaces. We present two theorems. The first is a new variant of the Szegő Limit Theorem in this setting. The second relates to the variant given by Strouse–Timotin–Zarrabi (J Approx Theory 220:12–30, 2017), and characterizes the sequences for which that result holds.