bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics fingerprints of active conformers of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase
Authors: Barletta German P. , Hasenahuer Marcia Anahi , Fornasari Maria Silvina , Parisi Gustavo , Fernandez‐Alberti Sebastian
Published: October 2018

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a prototypical cell‐surface receptor that plays a key role in the regulation of cellular signaling, proliferation and differentiation. Mutations of its kinase domain have been associated with the development of a variety of cancers and, therefore, it has been the target of drug design. Single amino acid substitutions (SASs) in this domain have been proven to alter the equilibrium of pre‐existing conformer populations. Despite the advances in structural descriptions of its so‐called active and inactive conformations, the associated dynamics aspects that characterize them have not been thoroughly studied yet. As the dynamic behaviors and molecular motions of proteins are important for a complete understanding of their structure–function relationships we present a novel procedure, using (or based on) normal mode analysis, to identify the collective dynamics shared among different conformers in EGFR kinase. The method allows the comparison of patterns of low‐frequency vibrational modes defining representative directions of motions. Our procedure is able to emphasize the main similarities and differences between the collective dynamics of different conformers. In the case of EGFR kinase, two representative directions of motions have been found as dynamics fingerprints of the active conformers. Protein motion along both directions reveals to have a significant impact on the cavity volume of the main pocket of the active site. Otherwise, the inactive conformers exhibit a more heterogeneous distribution of collective motions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational insight into excited states of the ring‐opening radicals from the pyrolysis of furan biofuels
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Gan Yanzhen , Cao Zexing
Published: October 2018

The low‐lying valence excited states and Rydberg states of the radical species from the ring‐opening reactions in pyrolysis of furan biofuels have been determined by extensive density functional theory and sophisticated wave function theory calculations. The radicals 1‐C4H5O‐2, 2‐furylCH2, and 4‐C6H7O with the delocalized π‐type single electron are predicted to be most stable among the reactive species here for furan, 2‐methyfuran, and 2,5‐dimethylfuran, respectively. Predicted vertical transition energies by TD‐CAM‐B3LYP show good agreement with those by CASPT2. Some among the electronic excitations to low‐lying states can take place in the visible light region, and they may be involved in the combustion process. Further surface hopping dynamics simulations on the excited states of the most stable ring‐opening radical 1‐C4H5O‐2 of furan as an example reveal that 89.9% sampling trajectories at the initial excited state of 22A”(π1π*2) decay to the 12A’(n1π*2) state within an average of 384 fs, and then 81.2% trajectories at the 12A’ state go to the ground state within an average of 114 fs. At the end of the simulation for 1000 fs, 18.8% trajectories still stay on the excited states of 22A” and 12A’, suggesting that the reactive radicals in the ground state are mainly responsible for the combustion chemistry of furan biofuels. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The kinetics of photo‐induced chemical transformation reaction of methylene blue and titanium trichloride in different solvents
Authors: Nadeem Syed Muhammad Saqib , Saeed Rehana
Published: October 2018

The kinetics of photo‐induced chemical transformation reaction of methylene blue (MB) and titanium trichloride (TiCl3) was investigated in water and aqueous ethyl acetate by determining the quantum yield of the reaction using optical spectrometry as the analytical technique. The reaction is pseudo‐first order, dependent only on the concentration of titanium trichloride at a fixed concentration of MB. The effect of the solvent on the quantum yield was studied in the acidic range from 4.0 to 7.0. The quantum yield was maximum at acidity (pH/Ho) 5.0, while it decreased on either increase or decrease in acidity (pH/Ho). The quantum yield of the reaction was high in water and decreased in 10% aqueous ethyl acetate. The absence of any reaction intermediate was confirmed by spectral analysis of the partially reacted mixture. A reaction mechanism has been suggested in accordance with the existence of different excited states of MB. The quantum yield increased with increase in temperature. The effect of temperature on the quantum yield of the reaction was used to determine the activation energy (Ea) using Arrhenius relation, and other thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy change (ΔH*), free energy change (ΔG*), and entropy change (ΔS*), were also evaluated.
Regional differences in shifts of temperature trends across China between 1980 and 2017
Authors: Li Lanhui , Zhang Yili , Liu Qionghuan , Ding Mingjun , Mondal Partho Protim
Published: October 2018

As the climate system is known to be warming unevenly, the open question of whether there has been a significant warming “hiatus” at global or regional scales has attracted worldwide attention. With annual mean air temperature (Tmean) setting new records subsequent to 2012, it is reasonable to reanalyse the presence of an apparent decelerated warming trend in China. We therefore examined the shifts of temperature trends in China between 1980 and 2017 using homogenized records from 798 meteorological stations via the Breaks For Additive Season and Trend (BFAST) method and Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope estimator statistical tests. The results show that Tmean at the country level exhibited monotonic increase with a positive break occurring around 1997, and the warming rate during 1980–2017 (0.36 °C/decade) was slightly higher than that during 1980–1997, which suggests that this positive break did not overwhelm the overall continuous warming trend. Spatial records show that most areas west of 108°E or south of 30°N within the country experienced a continual warming trend over the study period and that negative break that occurred around 2010 was major contributor to temporary decelerated warming trend detected in other areas, especially in Northeast China. Hence, this study highlights annual air temperature has continued to rise overall in China since 1980, while considerable regional differences have been detected within the shifts of temperature trends.
Rapid prediction of chlorophylls and carotenoids content in tea leaves under different levels of nitrogen application based on hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Wang Yujie , Hu Xin , Jin Ge , Hou Zhiwei , Ning Jingming , Zhang Zhengzhu
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

Photosynthetic pigments perform critical physiological functions in tea plants. Their content is an essential indicator of photosynthetic efficiency and nutritional status. The present study aimed to predict chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll (total Chl), and carotenoid (Car) content in tea leaves under different levels of nitrogen treatment using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in combination with variable selection algorithms.

RESULTS

A total of 150 samples were collected and scanned using the HSI system. The mean spectrum in the region of interest (ROI) was extracted, and the pigment content was measured by traditional chemical methods. Five and seven optimal wavelengths (OWs) were selected using the regression coefficients (RCs) of partial least squares regression (PLSR) and the second‐derivative (2‐Der), respectively. The optimal 2‐Der‐PLSR models for Chl a, Chl b, total Chl, and Car performed remarkably well based on seven OWs with correlation coefficients of prediction (RP) of 0.9337, 0.9322, 0.9333 and 0.9036, root mean square errors in prediction (RMSEP) of 0.1100, 0.0511, 0.1620, and 0.0300 mg g‐1, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study revealed that HSI combined with variable selection method can be employed as a rapid and accurate method for predicting the content of pigments in tea plants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Measurements of the Superior Vena Cava for Predicting Fluid Responsiveness in Patients Undergoing Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
Authors: Cheng Zhi , Yang Qian‐qian , Zhu Pin , Feng Ji‐ying , Zhang Xiao‐bao , Zhao Zhi‐bin
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Preoperative fasting, water deprivation, and intraoperative fluid loss and redistribution result in hypovolemia in patients undergoing surgery. Some findings have indicated that the superior vena cava (SVC) diameter and variation, as determined by transesophageal echocardiography during surgery, do not reflect central venous pressure effectively. This study aimed to compare and correlate the SVC diameter and variation with the stroke volume variation for predicting fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing invasive positive pressure ventilation.

Methods

Thirty‐six patients scheduled for elective gastrointestinal surgery under general anesthesia with invasive positive pressure ventilation were included in this study. After anesthesia induction, the stroke volume variation, SVC diameter, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and pulse were recorded, and measurements after fluid challenge were recorded as well. The SVC variation was calculated before and after the fluid challenge.

Results

After the fluid challenge, the SVC diameter markedly increased, whereas the SVC variation and stroke volume variation significantly decreased (P < .05). The optimal cutoff value for the SVC variation was 21.1%, and the area under the curve (AUC) from a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 0.849. The optimal cutoff value for the minimal SVC diameter was 1.135 cm, and that AUC was 0.929. In addition, the optimal cutoff value for the maximal SVC diameter was 1.480 cm, and the AUC was 0.862.

Conclusions

The minimal SVC diameter may be an effective indicator for predicting fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing invasive positive pressure ventilation.
Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus isolates from bovine mastitis in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Dorneles Elaine M. S. , Fonseca Mariana D. A. M. , Abreu Juliana A. P. , Lage Andrey P. , Brito Maria A. V. P. , Pereira Carine R. , Brandão Humberto M. , Guimarães Alessandro S. , Heinemann Marcos B.
Published: October 2018

The aims of this study were to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and genetic diversity of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dairy cows in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to assess the relationship among the isolates’ susceptibility profiles and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes. Seventy‐nine isolates were used, including S. aureus (n = 71) and coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS) (n = 8). Susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents was performed. All Staphylococcus spp. were subjected to PFGE. Staphylococcus aureus and CoNS isolates exhibited full susceptibility only to cephalothin. The greatest percentages of resistance among Staphylococcus spp. were observed to penicillins, folate pathway inhibitors, and tetracyclines. Twelve S. aureus and four CoNS were classified as multidrug resistance strains. Percentage of MRSA was also higher among CoNS (75%), compared to S. aureus isolates (2.81%). Adopting 100% of similarity, 34 different genotypes were identified. Association of minimum‐spanning tree (MST) analysis with data from municipalities, herds, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and resistance patterns for all isolates did not show any clustering. However, a clustering pattern of bacterial species was observed. Results from this study indicate a high frequency of antimicrobial resistance, especially among CoNS, and a high genetic diversity among Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dairy cows with mastitis in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Dual band slotted transparent resonator for wireless local area network applications
Authors: Desai Arpan , Upadhyaya Trushit , Palandoken Merih
Published: October 2018

In this paper, a transparent dual‐band antenna having a size of λ/4 × λ/4 mm2 at the lower resonance frequency of 2.4 GHz is proposed. Antenna operates at the frequency band of 2.47 GHz and 5.32 GHz, respectively. The resonator geometry is in the form of a modified slotted split ring resonator with the extended slot line sections at the split ends. AgHT‐8 conductive oxide material is used for the radiating element and ground plane of the antenna. Optically transparent borosilicate glass having a dielectric constant of 7.75 with 2 mm thickness is used as the substrate material to achieve the optical transparency. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna in the lower and higher frequency bands is 8.3% (2.34 GHz‐2.54 GHz) and 2.4% (5.26 GHz‐5.4 GHz), making the proposed transparent antenna suitable for dual‐band WLAN applications.
Graphene‐based dual‐band antenna in the millimeter‐wave band
Authors: Luo Yanbin , Yan Xin , Zeng Qingsheng , Zhang Jinnan , Zhang Xia , Li Bang , Lu Qichao , Ren Xiaomin
Published: October 2018

A graphene‐based dual‐band millimeter‐wave antenna is demonstrated. The antenna is fabricated on a high‐resistivity Si substrate covered with SiO2. A monolayer graphene is transferred onto the SiO2 and acts as the antenna radiator. The antenna works at 28.1 GHz and 37.4 GHz, with return loss less than −10 dB. By applying DC bias, the return loss at the two bands exhibits regular variations. The change mechanism of the return loss is also analyzed. Particularly, this work approves the potential of the graphene in the millimeter‐wave band by theory and experiments, which could advance graphene for real world applications.
Transparent antenna using a μ‐metal mesh on the quarter glasses of an automotive for DMB service receiving
Authors: Lee Ju Hyong , Lee Sang Heun , Kim Dongjin , Jung Chang Won
Published: October 2018

This study aims to design a transparent antenna that operates at a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) service band (174‐216 MHz) for an automotive (Hyundai K5). The transparent antenna designed on the quarter glasses located on both sides of an automotive to avoid space limitation typically placed in a roof‐mounted shark‐fin. Moreover, the use of a micro‐metal mesh film (μ‐MMF) enables the antenna to minimize visual perception and size consideration through its transparency. Two types of transparent antennas (inverted F antenna; Case1 and top‐loading inverted F; Case 2) are designed, fabricated, and measured. The transparent antennas have an average peak gain of 13.2 dBi for the inverted F antenna and 12.54 dBi for the top‐loading inverted F in the overall DMB service band. The receiving RF power (dBm) of the antenna on the quarter glasses is compared for the reliability of the signal reception in two separate locations. The power level has a difference of less than 3 dBm by location and direction.
Performance enhancement of mobile antenna by ground decomposition
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Shin Hyunwoong , Kim Min‐gi , Kim Hyeongdong
Published: October 2018

We propose a ground decomposition method (GDM) to improve the performance of mobile antennas. In the GDM, overall ground impedance is analyzed as the combination of independent decomposed ground parts. In a proposed design, the overall ground mode resonance is tuned by adjusting the impedance of a flexible printed circuit board, which is decomposed according to GDM. This greatly improves the radiation performance, as verified through simulation and measurement. This proposed method is effective for mobile antenna design, and especially for actual devices that have very complicated ground configurations.
Redesign of the Laplacian kernel for improvements in conductivity imaging using MRI
Authors: Shin Jaewook , Kim Jun‐Hyeong , Kim Dong‐Hyun
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To develop an electrical property tomography reconstruction method that achieves improvements over standard method by redesigning the Laplacian kernel.

Theory and Methods

A decomposition property of the governing PET equation shows the possibility of redesigning the Laplacian kernel for conductivity reconstruction. Hence, the discrete Laplacian operator used for electrical property tomography reconstruction is redesigned to have a Gaussian‐like envelope, which enables manipulation of the spatial and spectral response. The characteristics of the proposed kernel are investigated through numerical simulations and in vivo brain experiments.

Results

The proposed method reduces textured noise, which hampers observing features of the conductivity image. Furthermore, the proposed scheme can mitigate the propagation of local phase error such as flow‐induced phase. By doing so, the proposed method can recover feature information in conductivity (or resistivity) images. Lastly, the proposed kernel can be extended to other electrical property tomography reconstructions, improving the quality of images.

Conclusion

An alternative design of the Laplacian kernel for conductivity imaging has been developed to mitigate the textured noise and the propagation of local phase artifact.
A distribution‐free control chart for monitoring high‐dimensional processes based on interpoint distances
Authors: Shu Lianjie , Fan Jinyu
Published: October 2018

With rapid advances in sensing technology and data acquisition systems, high‐dimensional data appear in many settings. The high dimensionality presents a new challenge to the traditional tools in multivariate statistical process control, due to the “curse of dimensionality.” Various tests for mean vectors in high dimensional situations have been discussed recently; however, they have been rarely adapted to process monitoring. This paper develops a distribution‐free control chart based on interpoint distances for monitoring mean vectors in high‐dimensional settings. Other than the Euclidean distance, the family of Minkowski distance is used for discussion, which is a generalization of the former and other distances. The proposed approach is very general as it represents a class of distribution‐free control charts based on distances. Numerical results show that the proposed control chart is efficient in detecting mean shifts in both symmetric and heavy‐tailed distributions.
Virtual learning for safety, why not a smartphone?
Authors: Dholakiya Nishaben Desai , Ferjencik Milos , Schofield Damian , Kubík Jan
Published: October 2018

This article aims to examine the effectiveness of a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) using Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) for chemical laboratory safety. A VLE model of a distillation column rig situated at the chemical engineering department, at the University of Nottingham (UK) was designed for the purpose of safety and hazard awareness training for first year laboratory students. The basic pedagogical ideas behind the model were to compare the effectiveness of passive learning used in traditional safety training with the way a VLE can deliver an active learning platform. Based on the collected experience, this article investigates issues that arose while correlating a VLE model with Kolb's ELT. Some of the drawbacks of the VLE model have been taken into consideration while designing a mobile game application for the purpose of laboratory safety training at the Research Laboratory of Energetic Materials at Pardubice University (Czech Republic). This is believed to offer more scope to develop constructivist learning using a smartphone. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 38: e12005, 2019
Target‐site mutation accumulation among ALS inhibitor‐resistant Palmer amaranth
Authors: Singh Shilpa , Singh Vijay , Salas‐Perez Reiofeli A , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V , Lawton‐Rauh Amy , Roma‐Burgos Nilda
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats) is one of the most common and troublesome weeds in the USA. Palmer amaranth resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors is widespread in the USA, as in Arkansas. The cross‐resistance patterns and mechanism of resistance are not known. Experiments were conducted to determine cross‐resistance to ALS inhibitors and identify target‐site mutations in 20 Palmer amaranth localities from 13 counties in Arkansas.

RESULTS

All Palmer amaranth localities tested had plants cross‐resistant to imazethapyr, flumetsulam, primisulfuron, pyrithiobac and trifloxysulfuron. The dose of trifloxysulfuron that caused 50% control was 21–56‐fold greater for resistant accessions than for susceptible ones. All but three resistant plants analyzed had one or two relative copies of ALS; one plant had seven relative copies. All resistant plants tested (18 localities) carried the Trp574Leu mutation, which is known to confer broad resistance to ALS inhibitors, supporting the cross‐resistance pattern observed. Besides the Trp574Leu mutation, 30% of localities had individuals with one additional resistance‐conferring mutation including Ala122Thr, Pro197Ala or Ser653Asn.

CONCLUSION

The Trp574Leu mutation in ALS is the primary mechanism of resistance to ALS inhibitors in Palmer amaranth from Arkansas, USA. In some localities, multiple mutations have accumulated in one plant. All localities tested contained plants with resistance to five families of ALS inhibitors. Localities with extremely high resistance to ALS inhibitors, and those outside the subset we studied, may harbor non‐target site resistance mechanisms. ALS inhibitors are generally no longer effective on Palmer amaranth in these localities from the US mid‐south. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Enabled by Metal‐Coated Dielectric Microspheres
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Hao Qi , Yin Yin , Ma Libo , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: October 2018

Dielectric microspheres have been demonstrated as an efficient tool for non‐plasmonic surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) due to the curvature‐induced local electromagnetic enhancement. By combining a metal layer onto the microsphere surface, one can study SERS which is activated by both surface plasmons and microsphere‐induced modulation of Raman emission. In this work, a new strategy of enhanced Raman scattering using silver‐coated polystyrene microspheres is reported. The Raman signal up to 10−6 M Rhodamine 6G molecules measured on the microsphere top surface is up to seven times larger than that measured from a flat silver film. An enhancement factor of ≈108 is estimated compared with the case of a non‐plasmonic microsphere surface. The enhancement is attributed to localized surface plasmon resonances and also the modification of emission directionality which increases both Raman scattering and the collection efficiency of the detecting system. Besides, whispering gallery mode resonance potentially leads to additional cavity‐field enhancement effect of Raman signals. Both experimental statistics and numerical calculations reveal that efficient enhancement occurs without purposely spectral matching optical resonance with Raman emission wavelengths.
Reliability analysis of structures based on a probability‐uncertainty hybrid model
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Jianguo , You Lingfei , Zhou Shuang
Published: October 2018

The traditional reliability analysis method based on probabilistic method requires probability distributions of all the uncertain parameters. However, in practical applications, the distributions of some parameters may not be precisely known due to the lack of sufficient sample data. The probabilistic theory cannot directly measure the reliability of structures with epistemic uncertainty, ie, subjective randomness and fuzziness. Hence, a hybrid reliability analysis (HRA) problem will be caused when the aleatory and epistemic uncertainties coexist in a structure. In this paper, by combining the probability theory and the uncertainty theory into a chance theory, a probability‐uncertainty hybrid model is established, and a new quantification method based on the uncertain random variables for the structural reliability is presented in order to simultaneously satisfy the duality of random variables and the subadditivity of uncertain variables; then, a reliability index is explored based on the chance expected value and variance. Besides, the formulas of the chance theory‐based reliability and reliability index are derived to uniformly assess the reliability of structures under the hybrid aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. The numerical experiments illustrate the validity of the proposed method, and the results of the proposed method can provide a more accurate assessment of the structural system under the mixed uncertainties than the ones obtained separately from the probability theory and the uncertainty theory.
The Effect of Martensite‐Austenite Constituent Characteristics on the Mechanical Behavior of Quenched‐Partitioned Steel at Room Temperature
Authors: Karam‐Abian Mahdi , Zarei‐Hanzaki Abbas , Abedi Hamidreza , Ghodrat Sepideh , Hajy‐Akbary Farideh , Kestens Leo
Published: October 2018

The present study deals with the effect of constituent phase (austenite and martensite) characteristics on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an advanced high strength steel obtained through the quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process. The thermomechanical processing route is purposefully employed to modify the microstructures, to produce better mechanical properties. The final microstructures include first and second (fresh) martensite and retained austenite with film or blocky morphology in a wide range of size. The martensite laths mainly contribute in increasing the strength, and the retained austenite positively affects the ductility. Presence of a high fraction of high angle grain boundaries in the martensite laths indicate that the prior austenite grains are fully recrystallized in the thermomechanical process preceding the Q&P treatment. Although a lower carbon content is observed in the initial martensite of the specimen that is deformed during annealing treatment before the Q&P process, nevertheless, a higher work hardenability is found, because the lower carbon content is compensated by increasing the volume fraction of retained austenite and decreasing the martensite islands average sizes. The latter also the great film‐like retained austenite fraction besides the low amount of fresh martensite is found to improve the mechanical behavior significantly.
Calculation of error in series/shunt resistance estimated from current–voltage slope using exact analytical expressions with roberts g‐function
Authors: Tada Kazuya
Published: October 2018

The error between the apparent series/shunt resistances of solar cells estimated by the current–voltage slope at the open‐/short‐circuit condition and the true series/shunt resistances is calculated by the exact analytical expressions of the one‐diode equivalent circuit model for the solar cell. In order to avoid the difficulty in computation in known expressions, the exact analytical expressions based on the g‐function proposed by Roberts are derived and employed. Significant deviation is found between the apparent and the true series/shunt resistances. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Arctic sea ice – a driver of the winter NAO?
Authors: Warner James L.
Published: October 2018

The winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) explains a large amount of weather variability over northwest Europe, including extreme weather events such as the very cold winter of 2009/2010 and the exceptionally wet winter of 2013/2014 in the UK. Accurate prediction of the NAO several months in advance allows populations based in regions prone to such extreme and potentially prolonged weather events to be better prepared and more resilient. Recent advances in the skill in forecasting the winter NAO have been made for both dynamical and statistical models, in which Arctic sea ice is demonstrated to be a strong predictor. This review article discusses research on the link between autumnal Arctic sea ice and the winter NAO, how future research could better establish whether this connection is physical, and whether sea ice in particular is a physical driver of NAO variability on the timescales under consideration.
Methods in Palynology
Authors: Halbritter Heidemarie , Ulrich Silvia , Grímsson Friðgeir , Weber Martina , Zetter Reinhard , Hesse Michael , Buchner Ralf , Svojtka Matthias , Frosch-Radivo Andrea
Published: October 2018

Multiple methods and techniques should be used when investigating pollen grains in order to provide comprehensive and accurate information about pollen morphology and ultrastructure (see also “Misinterpretations in Palynology”). The preparation methods used depend on the material to be studied, if the pollen grains are to be obtained from recent flower material (herbarium sheets, newly collected) or from various sedimentary rocks, sediments or soils (fossil to subfossil pollen). Recent and fossil pollen grains are easily studied using both LM and SEM, but recent pollen grains are also more often studied using TEM.
Correlations vs connectivity in R-charge
Authors: Simón Joan
Published: October 2018

Abstract

The holographic relation between quantum correlations and connectivity of spacetime is explored for single R-charged AdS5 black holes and their half-BPS limits (superstars). In a two boundary set-up, the wormhole between both universes reduces to a designable and computable quantum mechanical correlation between the dual microscopic degrees of freedom in the BPS limit. This quantum connectivity is seen as a naked singularity by a single sided observer. In a single boundary set-up, as a small step towards the description of entangled black holes, we describe quantum teleportation between two labs in different locations of the transverse 5-sphere using entangled gravitons in a reference state that provides a classical channel between both labs.
Monitoring the Health of Public Health Responders: Development and Use of the Responder Safety, Tracking, and Resilience System (R-STaR) for Hurricane Matthew
Authors: Turner Alezandria K. , Edison Laura , Soetebier Karl , Smith Wendy , Drenzek Cherie
Published: October 2018

On October 7, 2016, Hurricane Matthew traveled along the coasts of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina causing flooding and power outages. The Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) developed the Web-based Responder Safety, Tracking, and Resilience (R-STaR) system to monitor the health and safety of public health responders and to inform disaster response planning for Hurricane Matthew. Using R-STaR, responders (n = 126) were e-mailed a daily survey while deployed to document injuries or harmful exposures and a post-deployment survey on their post-deployment health and satisfaction with using R-STaR. DPH epidemiologists contacted responders reporting injuries or exposures to determine the need for medical care. Frequencies were tabulated for quantitative survey responses, and qualitative data were summarized into key themes. Five percent (6/126) of responders reported injuries, and 81% (43/53) found R-STaR easy to use. Suggestions for R-STaR improvement included improving accessibility using mobile platforms and conducting pre-event training of responders on R-STaR. Lessons learned from R-STaR development and evaluation can inform the development and improvement of responder health surveillance systems at other local and state health departments and disaster and emergency response agencies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:74–81).
Environmental record of layers of bubbles in natural pond ice
Authors: HRUBA JOLANA , KLETETSCHKA GUNTHER
Published: October 2018

Autonomous temperature data loggers were used to measure the temperature profile within a growing ice cover and in the water below. The ice formed under natural conditions over the pond. We observed the presence of distinct layers of gas bubbles throughout the ice thickness. Temperature measurements allowed us to determine growth rates (μm s−1) and cooling rates (°C s−1) of the ice and demonstrated that these bubble layers formed during the peak ice growth rates from 0.58 to 0.92 µm s−1. The growth rates, leading to the formation of layers of bubbles, were more than an order of magnitude lower than for bubbles produced in controlled laboratory conditions (from 3 to 80 µm s−1). This observation introduces the possibility that solid impurities play a role in natural waters and that they must lower the limit of growth rates required for bubble occurrence. Data revealed a decrease in ice growth rates while cooling rates increased. We interpret this observation as an effect of the heat flux from the water to the ice (8.34–34.11 W m−2), and of gas concentration changes in the water below. Calculations of the ice thickness using traditional methods showed the necessity to include the heat flux from the water to the ice and the effect of gas bubbles within the ice and near the ice–water interface.
Pension Returns and Popular Support for Neoliberalism in Post-Pension Reform Latin America
Authors: Kerner Andrew
Published: October 2018

Latin American pension reforms during the 1990s dramatically increased the number of people in the region who had a direct stake in the returns on financial capital. This article asks: How, if at all, has this expansion affected Latin American politics? It focuses particularly on popular attitudes towards neoliberalism. It argues that government-induced expansions of capital ownership do not directly affect public preferences about neoliberalism, but did so indirectly by shaping the information that people use to judge whether neoliberalism is welfare enhancing. According to this view, participation in a reformed Latin American pension system should lead to acceptance of neoliberalism when pensions returns are high, but have the opposite effect when returns are low. This study analyzes multiple datasets of Latin American survey data and finds support for this theory.
COMPLEX OF RELATIVELY HYPERBOLIC GROUPS
Authors: PAL ABHIJIT , PAUL SUMAN
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we prove a combination theorem for a complex of relatively hyperbolic groups. It is a generalization of Martin’s (Geom. Topology 18 (2014), 31–102) work for combination of hyperbolic groups over a finite MK-simplicial complex, where k ≤ 0.
The Trump presidency, climate change, and the prospect of a disorderly energy transition
Authors: Selby Jan
Published: October 2018

This article reflects on the implications of the Trump presidency for global anthropogenic climate change and efforts to address it. Existing commentary, predicated on liberal institutionalist reasoning, has argued that neither Trump’s promised rollback of domestic climate-related funding and regulations, nor withdrawal from the Paris framework, will be as impactful as often feared. While broadly concurring, I nonetheless also in this article take a wider view, to argue that the Trump administration is likely to exacerbate several existing patterns and trends. I discuss four in particular: the general inadequacy of global greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets and implementation efforts; the inadequacy of contemporary climate financing; the embrace between populist conservatism and opposition to action on climate change; and not least, the current global oil and gas boom which, crucially, is being led by the US. I submit that these patterns and trends, and the Trump administration’s likely contributions to them, do not augur well for climate change mitigation, let alone for an orderly transition to a low-carbon global economy. Given current directions of travel, I suggest, this coming transition is likely to be deeply conflict-laden – probably violently so – and to have consequences that will reverberate right across mid-twentieth-century international order.
ETHICS IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Bellemare Christian A. , Dagenais Pierre , K.-Bédard Suzanne , Béland Jean-Pierre , Bernier Louise , Daniel Charles-Étienne , Gagnon Hubert , Legault Georges-Auguste , Parent Monelle , Patenaude Johane
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

Integration of ethics into health technology assessment (HTA) remains challenging for HTA practitioners. We conducted a systematic review on social and methodological issues related to ethical analysis in HTA. We examined: (1) reasons for integrating ethics (social needs); (2) obstacles to ethical integration; (3) concepts and processes deployed in ethical evaluation (more specifically value judgments) and critical analyses of formal experimentations of ethical evaluation in HTA.

Methods:

Search criteria included “ethic,” “technology assessment,” and “HTA”. The literature search was done in Medline/Ovid, SCOPUS, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the international HTA Database. Screening of citations, full-text screening, and data extraction were performed by two subgroups of two independent reviewers. Data extracted from articles were grouped into categories using a general inductive method.

Results:

A list of 1,646 citations remained after the removal of duplicates. Of these, 132 were fully reviewed, yielding 67 eligible articles for analysis. The social need most often reported was to inform policy decision making. The absence of shared standard models for ethical analysis was the obstacle to integration most often mentioned. Fairness and Equity and values embedded in Principlism were the values most often mentioned in relation to ethical evaluation.

Conclusions:

Compared with the scientific experimental paradigm, there are no settled proceedings for ethics in HTA nor consensus on the role of ethical theory and ethical expertise hindering its integration. Our findings enable us to hypothesize that there exists interdependence between the three issues studied in this work and that value judgments could be their linking concept.
Classification of the real discrete specialisations of the Burau representation of B3
Authors: SCHERICH NANCY
Published: October 2018

This classification is found by analyzing the action of a normal subgroup of B3 as hyperbolic isometries. This paper gives an example of an unfaithful specialisation of the Burau representation on B4 that is faithful when restricted to B3, as well as examples of unfaithful specialisations of B3.
Bovine tuberculosis in working foxhounds: lessons learned from a complex public health investigation
Authors: Phipps Emily , McPhedran Kate , Edwards David , Russell Katherine , O'Connor Catherine M. , Gunn-Moore Danielle A. , O'Halloran Conor , Roberts Tony , Morris Jill
Published: October 2018

In 2017, Public Health England South East Health Protection Team (HPT) were involved in the management of an outbreak ofMycobacterium bovis(the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis) in a pack of working foxhounds. This paper summarises the actions taken by the team in managing the public health aspects of the outbreak, and lessons learned to improve the management of future potential outbreaks. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant publications onM. bovis. Clinical notes from the Public Health England (PHE) health protection database were reviewed and key points extracted. Animal and public health stakeholders involved in the management of the situation provided further evidence through unstructured interviews and personal communications. The PHE South East team initially provided ‘inform and advise’ letters to human contacts whilst awaiting laboratory confirmation to identify the infectious agent. OnceM. bovishad been confirmed in the hounds, an in-depth risk assessment was conducted, and contacts were stratified in to risk pools. Eleven out of 20 exposed persons with the greatest risk of exposure were recommended to attend TB screening and one tested positive, but had no evidence of active TB infection. The number of human contacts working with foxhound packs can be large and varied. HPTs should undertake a comprehensive risk assessment of all potential routes of exposure, involve all other relevant stakeholders from an early stage and undertake regular risk assessments. Current guidance should be revised to account for the unique risks to human health posed by exposure to infected working dogs.
Custodians of Continuity in an Era of Change: an Oral History of the Everyday Lives of Crown Court Clerks Between 1972 and 2015
Authors: Liberman Dvora
Published: October 2018

This article discusses an oral history doctoral research project about the little known, yet critical role of the court clerk in Crown Courts. It is surprising that even though Crown Court clerks have been pivotal in trials of the most serious criminal offences, they have been neglected in legal scholarship. This research project has contributed towards filling an absence in the academic literature about the nature and function of their vital work between 1972 and 2015, and was carried out by Dvora Liberman, in partnership with the London School of Economics Legal Biography Project and National Life Stories, British Library.
Carry on Classifying! The Moys Reclassification Project at the Bodleian Law Library
Authors: Garner Helen
Published: October 2018

This article, written by Helen Garner, reviews the progress of the Moys Reclassification Project at the Bodleian Law Library and covers the issues relating to the lessons learnt and the benefits of changing to a different classification scheme. The Bodleian Law Library started work on the Moys Reclassification Project in 2006 and work is still on-going to complete the project.
SLS/BIALL Academic Law Library Survey 2016/2017
Authors: Gee David
Published: October 2018

This is the latest report analysing the results of the Society of Legal Scholars and BIALL Survey. It has been written by David Gee, Deputy Librarian at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London.
The Ongoing Sodium Controversy – Between PURE and NutriCode
Authors: Ströhle Alexander
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The impact of sodium intake on cardiovascular health has long been a subject of controversial debates. On the one hand, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have argued for a target of 1500-2000 mg of sodium per day (4-5 g sodium chloride daily). On the other hand, this recommendation has been accompanied by a growing body of criticism. Recently, the results of the PURE and the NutriCode study have flared up the “salt controversy”. Actually, the results of the PURE study seem to strengthen the position of those who have called into question the AHA and WHO guidelines for daily sodium intake whereas those who recommend a considerable salt reduction believe that the NutriCode study confirm their conviction. In this paper, the results of the PURE and NutriCode study will be discussed and evaluated with regard to practical consequences.
Demand to Act and Use of Mental Contrasting
Authors: Sevincer A. Timur , Tessmann Patrik , Oettingen Gabriele
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Mentally contrasting a desired future with present reality fosters selective goal pursuit: People pursue feasible desired futures and let go from unfeasible ones. We investigated whether people spontaneously use mental contrasting when the demand to act toward their desired future is high. Study 1 provided correlational evidence: The participants who planned to act most immediately were also those who used mental contrasting. Studies 2 and 3 added experimental evidence: Imagining an immediate (vs. no immediate) action and being confronted with the opportunity to perform an instrumental (vs. noninstrumental) action, respectively, led participants to mentally contrast. The findings have theoretical implications by suggesting that people initiate mental contrasting as a problem-solving strategy; they have applied implications for interventions teaching mental contrasting.
When and Why Do Liberals and Conservatives Think	Alike?
Authors: Baldner Conrad , Pierro Antonio , Chernikova Marina , Kruglanski Arie W.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Research on moral foundations theory has found that liberals typically favor the individualizing foundations (i.e., concern for the individual) but typically oppose the binding foundations (i.e., concern for the group). We propose that need for cognitive closure (NFC) can explain when liberals will favor the binding foundations. In two studies, we found that liberals in Italy and the United States were more likely to endorse the binding foundations when they had high NFC. Overall, these results suggest that researchers should strive to understand the interaction between individuals’ epistemic goals and their political orientations in order to accurately predict how they will perceive political issues.
Wave‐Induced Surge Motion and Collisions of Sea Ice Floes: Finite‐Floe‐Size Effects
Authors: Herman A.
Published: October 2018

Among many mechanisms potentially contributing to wave energy attenuation in sea ice are wave‐induced ice floe collisions. At present, little is known about collision patterns and their phase‐averaged effects under different combinations of sea ice properties (ice thickness, floe size, etc.) and wave forcing (wavelength and steepness). The existing parameterizations of collision‐related effects are therefore based on several simplifying, unverified assumptions. In this work, wave‐induced motion and collisions of ice floes are analyzed numerically with a model based on momentum equations for an arbitrary number of floes, with source terms computed by integrating local forcing (wave‐induced dynamic pressure, surface drag, etc.) over the surface area/volume of each floe. It is shown that this simple model, with prescribed wave forcing (i.e., no wave‐ice interactions), is capable of reproducing observed surge amplitudes up to floe sizes comparable with wavelength. A full Hertzian contact model is used instead of a simple hard‐disk algorithm, which makes the model suitable for simulating both rapid collisions and prolonged contact between floes. The model equations are used to formulate heuristic collision criteria based on relative floe size, ice concentration, and wave steepness. The model is then run for different combinations of those three parameters, together with different restitution and drag coefficients, in order to analyze possible motion/collision patterns within the multidimensional parameter space, and phase‐averaged effects of collisions: kinetic and contact stress, granular temperature, and work done by forces acting on the ice.
Induction of antibacterial proteins and peptides in the coprophilous mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea in response to bacteria
Authors: Kombrink Anja , Tayyrov Annageldi , Essig Andreas , Stöckli Martina , Micheller Sebastian , Hintze John , van Heuvel Yasemin , Dürig Natalia , Lin Chia-wei , Kallio Pauli T , Aebi Markus , Künzler Markus
Published: October 2018

Bacteria are the main nutritional competitors of saprophytic fungi during colonization of their ecological niches. This competition involves the mutual secretion of antimicrobials that kill or inhibit the growth of the competitor. Over the last years it has been demonstrated that fungi respond to the presence of bacteria with changes of their transcriptome, but the significance of these changes with respect to competition for nutrients is not clear as functional proof of the antibacterial activity of the induced gene products is often lacking. Here, we report the genome-wide transcriptional response of the coprophilous mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea to the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The genes induced upon co-cultivation with each bacterium were highly overlapping, suggesting that the fungus uses a similar arsenal of effectors against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Intriguingly, the induced genes appeare to encode predominantly secreted peptides and proteins with predicted antibacterial activities, which was validated by comparative proteomics of the C. cinerea secretome. Induced members of two putative antibacterial peptide and protein families in C. cinerea, the cysteine-stabilized αβ-defensins (Csαβ-defensins) and the GH24-type lysozymes, were purified, and their antibacterial activity was confirmed. These results provide compelling evidence that fungi are able to recognize the presence of bacteria and respond with the expression of an arsenal of secreted antibacterial peptides and proteins.