bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morbid obesity in clinical practice: current treatment concepts
Authors: Anisimova Kristina A. , Vasilevsky Dmitrij I. , Balandov Stanislav G. , Khamid Zarina M.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses modern methods of treatment of morbid obesity and associated diseases. It is known that obesity leads to disability in people, including young people, due to the frequent development of severe comorbid diseases. According to current clinical guidelines, the main goals of treating obese patients are: weight loss, achieving good metabolic control, and improving the course of diseases associated with obesity. A small selection of drugs for the treatment of obesity, the need for strict adherence to indications and contraindications to their appointment, significantly limits the possibilities of drug therapy for morbid obesity. With morbid obesity, the effectiveness of conservative treatment is only 510%. Up to 60% of patients cannot maintain the result of weight loss within 5 years of observation. Long-term use of bariatric surgeries, the purpose of which was initially to reduce body weight in patients with morbid obesity, showed certain possibilities of surgery in compensating for a number of diseases associated with obesity. Therefore, at present, the concept of bariatric surgery is not only to reduce the patients weight, but also to achieve beneficial metabolic effects (normalization of glycemia, lipid metabolism). In this regard, modern bariatric interventions are united by the term metabolic surgery. It has been proven that compensation of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after bariatric interventions is observed in 4295% of patients, depending on the type of surgery, duration of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and basal C-peptide level. As a result of many years of research, bariatric surgery has allowed for the first time to formulate the term remission of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
During’s herpetiform dermatitis in pediatric dermatology: issues of diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Novikov Yuri A. , Zaslavsky Denis V. , Pravdina Olga V. , Zykova Elena A. , Lipatnikova Anastasia S. , Bolshakova Elena S. , Manylova Elena S. , Drozdova Lyudmila N.
Published: April 2021

This article presents a case of clinical observation of a 5-year-old child with herpetiformis dermatitis (Duhrings). This rare dermatosis is characterized by a chronic relapsing course, the presence of itching polymorphic rashes, typical histological and immunomorphological signs. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the clinical picture, histological and immunohistochemical studies of skin biopsy, as well as the results of HLA typing by PCR. Clinical observation of this case is of interest to practicing physicians-dermatologists due to the rare occurrence of Duhrings herpetiformis in children, the complexity of differential diagnostic search, which requires further generalization of experience using histological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic research methods. The disease is clearly differentiated from other rashes with the formation of subepidermal blisters according to histological, immunological and gastrointestinal criteria. The prevalence of dermatosis in various populations of the Europian race ranges from 10 to 39 cases per 100,000 population. Duhrings dermatitis herpetiformis can develop at any age (cases of the childhood form of Dhrings dermatitis herpetiformis have been reported), but most often the disease occurs at the age of 4050 years. Dermatitis herpetiformis persists indefinitely with variable severity. In patients with Duhrings dermatitis, associated gluten-sensitive enteropathy is often noted, which in most cases is asymptomatic.
família lexical de usura
Authors: Pinto Matheus , Lopes Mailson
Published: April 2021

O estudo ora apresentado presta-se a descrever a trajetória da família lexical de usura (constituída pelas formas usura, usurar, usurário, usureiro, usurável, usurento, usuroso, usurador, zura, zuraco e usurariamente) no percurso histórico da língua portuguesa. Para a constituição de seu corpus de análise e como embasamento para a explicação dos processos de empréstimo e neologia em abordagem histórico-diacrônica e histórico-comparativa, fincou-se na integração de dados dialetais e de publicações da web com uma grande variedade de bancos de dados em diversas línguas românicas e em inglês. Faz o exame etimológico desse grupo vocabular pela análise gradual das transformações semânticas e morfológicas de cada unidade que o constitui, fornecendo evidência textual dos fenômenos discutidos. Definindo-se em um eixo interfacial entre Morfologia, Semântica e Léxico, o trabalho incorpora ao quadro descritivo resultante considerações sobre formação de palavras, sinonímia corradical, sinmorfismo e variação e mudança morfolexicais.
“Isso tudo me traz de novo a vida que eu tinha”
Authors: Mira Caio , Custodio Katiuscia
Published: April 2021

A Doença de Alzheimer é uma patologia neurodegenerativa que afeta, dentre outras funções cognitivas, a linguagem, causando dificuldades de acesso lexical, articulação fonológica, organização sintática e alterações de elementos pragmáticos da conversação que prejudicam as interações cotidianas. Tendo em vista esse contexto, o presente artigo analisa a interação face a face de uma pessoa acometida pela DA na fase moderada, com um pesquisador em uma situação de entrevista narrativa. A partir do pressuposto de que usar a linguagem é engajar-se em uma ação colaborativa, especificamente a produção de uma narrativa autobiográfica, o presente trabalho fundamenta-se no aparato teórico da Análise da Conversação, dos Estudos das Narrativas Orais e da Linguística Textual. A narrativa autobiográfica que tomaremos em análise no presente artigo integra um corpus de interações gravadas com uma participante acometida pela DA. As análises demonstram que a participante mantém uma atitude colaborativa durante toda a interação, coconstruindo referentes com o interlocutor, inclusive quando surgem déficits ocasionados pela patologia. Além disso, a performance narrativa da participante caracteriza-se por uma narrativa autobiográfica que emerge no contexto discursivo-interacional exercendo o papel de ressignificar sua experiência de vida frente à doença.
Compilação, reciclagem e padronização de um Corpus Colaborativo de Linguística
Authors: Fromm Guilherme , Yamamoto Márcio Issamu
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste texto é relatar uma experiência de trabalho com um corpus colaborativo, desenvolvida nos últimos 10 anos (2010-2020) com alunos de diversas turmas de graduação, pós-graduação e alunos de Iniciação Científica na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (já parcialmente descrita por Fromm, 2013, e Fromm e Yamamoto, 2013). O trabalho parte da metodologia de elaboração do corpus (incluindo seu histórico) como um passo para um tipo de pesquisa específica (terminográfica), passa por uma análise para indicar e solucionar problemas de compilação e termina na sua adequação e padronização para reuso. O resultado é um corpus robusto, bem balanceado, bilíngue (inglês/português) e que poderá ser usado em inúmeras outras pesquisas na área de Linguística.
Recovery of Manganese from Ferromanganese Slag by Leaching with Sulphuric Acid
Authors: Sarma G.V.S. , Raju P.R.S. , Ramesh K.V. , Raju G.M.J.
Published: April 2021

Investigations on extraction of manganese from ferromanganese slag, a waste product from a local ferroalloy industry, were carried out using sawdust as a reducing agent. Leaching of manganese was done with sulphuric acid. The effects of particle size, stirring speed, contact time, acid concentration, temperature and dosage of reductant were studied. Based on the experimental results, the recovery of manganese increased with decreasing particle size. Optimum values of acid concentration, stirrer speed and contact time were obtained for realizing maximum recovery of manganese. With the addition of reductant, there is a significant increase in the yield of manganese.
Determination the Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel (0.4%C) Due to Thermal Cycling, Oil Cooled
Authors: Elmaryami A.S.A. , Khalid Hafied M.B. , Alamaria Abdulhakim , Alashebe Osama , Ali S.S. , Salem A.S. , Khaled R.A. , Mokhtar H.O.
Published: April 2021

The effect of thermal cycling was carried out on steel bars (0.4 C %). A single run was performed at a lower temperature of 32℃ and an upper temperature of 500℃ cooled in water, seawater (previous results) and oil (new results). For several numbers of cycles up to 30 cycles for an accurate determination of heating and cooling times. The effect of thermal cycling on the corrosion rate was evaluated. The effect of thermal cycling on the following properties was evaluated the corrosion rate. The comparison between the effect of thermal cycling on carbon steel (0.4 C %) seawater and water-cooled (previous results as shown in references [1, 2]) and the effect of thermal cycling on carbon steel (0.4 C %) water-cooled (new results) has been studied. From the obtained test results (previous and in this paper, it was found that: the type of corrosion is uniform attack; corrosion rate of the first stage gradually increases with the number of thermal cycling up to 15 cycles, then it takes steady-state up to 30 cycles. It was found that the rate of corrosion (previous results, seawater and water-cooled) is more than the rate of corrosion of the new results, oil-cooled respectively.
LncRNA UCA1 alleviates aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis through regulating miR-375/SFRP1-mediated WNT/β-catenin pathway in kainic acid-induced epilepsy
Authors: Diao Limei , Yu Haichun , Li Huaqiong , Hu Yueqiang , Li Mingfen , He Qianchao , Lu Ling , Li Huan , Liao Xianqiu
Published: April 2021

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic disease of the nervous system, associated with increased proliferation in the hippocampus. Urothcarcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) is a long long non-coding RNA that was shown to regulate proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors in vitro. We hypothesised that TLE-associated abnormal proliferation is a consequence of the downregulation of UCA1. This hypothesis was tested in mice with kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures, and then the potential mechanism was explored in vitro and in vivo. Result showed that the expression of UCA1 and Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1 (SFRP1) were significantly reduced in hippocampal tissues of epileptic mice, while miR-375 was increased compared with the control group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that UCA1 was positively correlated with SFRP1, while miR-375 was negatively correlated with UCA1 and SFRP1. Besides, UCA1 was overexpressed in mice and the overexpression of UCA1 significantly reversed the abnormal proliferation of hippocampal neurons in epilepsy mice. In vitro Luciferase assay showed that UCA1 and Sfrp1 are both the targets of miR-375, and UCA1 promotes the expression of Sfrp1 by competitively adsorbing miR-375, thereby inhibiting the activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. The inactivation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway prevented the abnormal proliferation of neural progenitors in the epileptic hippocampus. In conclusion, our findings provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of UCA1.
SPINAL ANESTHESIA AND HYPOTENSION: MECHANISMS, RISK FACTORS, PROPHYLAXIS AND CORRECTION
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ovechkin A.M. , Sokologorsky S.V. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Politov M.E. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Lukach V.N. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Kakulya E.N. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Bajtugaeva G.A. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Arlou P.A. ,   International Software Development Company Innowise, Volchenko O.V. ,   V. T. Zaytsev Institute of General and Urgent Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

Hypotension is the most common adverse effect of spinal anesthesia (SA). The insidence of SA-induced hypotension in the total population is 15-33%, in patients of older age groups it reaches 80%. At young and middle ages, the main determinant of SA-induced hypotension is considered to be a reduction of postload and venous reflux, due to blood deposition in capacitance vessels of the lower extremities. The aortocaval compressionsyndromeplays a significant role in obstetric practice, cardiac output does not change. In elderly patients, the main prerequisite for the development of hypotension is an enhanced basal sympathetic toneon the background of SA. In patients of this category, in addition to reducing the total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR), a decline in cardiac output also plays a role. Risk factors for anesthesia-induced hypotension are the followings: (chronic alcohol consumption, history of hypertension, sensory block upper than Th6, and urgency of surgery). To prevent SA-induced hypotension it is advisable to reduce the doses of local anesthetics. Data from the most studies do not confirm the effectiveness of extended infusion therapy in the prevention and correction of hypotension. Vasopressors - phenylephrine in obstetric practice, ephedrine or dopamine in elderly patients are effectiveforpreventinghypotension.
CLINICAL ANATOMY OF THE PERFORATING VEINS OFTHE PROXIMAL LOWER LIMBS
Authors:   Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, Kalinin R.E. , Suchkov I.A. ,   Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, Shanaev I.N. ,   Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, Nekliudov A.A. ,   V. T. Zaytsev Institute of General and Urgent Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Tyshchenko A.M. ,   V. T. Zaytsev Institute of General and Urgent Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Vovk V.A. ,   Regional Clinical Hospital, Klosova M.A. ,   V. T. Zaytsev Institute of General and Urgent Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Volchenko O.V. ,   V. T. Zaytsev Institute of General and Urgent Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

Objective. To clarify the topographic and anatomical feature of the perforating veins (PVs) in the proximal part of the lower extremity. Methods. 70 amputated lower extremities from the patients with severe ischemia were subjected to sectional anatomical study; 2800 patients with varicose disease underwent lower extremity sonography. Results. PVs were primarily located on the medial surface of the thigh. In the upper third of the thigh PVs drain into superficial femoral vein. It was detected that one or two PVs occur sin the lower third of the hip draining into superficial femoral vein and originating from the great saphenous vein in 73.6% cases. All PVs were accompanied by an arterial branch from the superficial femoral artery. Anatomical sectional study revealed that a nervous branch accompanied PVs in the lower third of the thigh. Two or four PVs were detected on the lateral surface of the thigh. PVs in the popliteal fossa could be referred to as “atypical” due to their rare occurence (0.4% of cases at sonography) in combination with absent typical sapheno-popliteal junction. PVs in this area were not supported by the intermuscular septa. PVs drained laterally into popliteal vein of the lower limb in 100% cases, while small saphenous vein drained into great saphenous vein in the upper third of the leg or into the intersaphenous vein. Conclusion. Perforating veins constitute perforating bundles (PV, arterial branch, nervous branch), which are predominantly located along the intermuscular septa, which create a constant and strong orientation along the direction of the great vessels. This ensures stable hemodynamics of great vessels and perforating complexes and does not allow squeezed tham togeter during physical exertion. What this paper adds For the first time it has been proved that the perforating veins of the gluteal region pass through the fascia and the thickness of the gluteus maximus muscle and enter the superior and inferior gluteal veins, being transmuscular perforating veins. For the first time it has been established that the location of the femoral perforating veins along the intermuscular septa allows preserving the hemodynamics of the perforating complexes without any squeezed in physical exertion.
EVOLUTION OF POINTS OF VIEW ON HEMOTRANSFUSION FROM THE POSITION OF A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIST
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University, Orlov Yu.P. , Korpacheva O.V. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Govorova N.V. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Lukach V.N. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Kakulya E.N. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Bajtugaeva G.A. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Arlou P.A. ,   International Software Development Company Innowise, Volchenko O.V. ,   V. T. Zaytsev Institute of General and Urgent Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

A careful assessment of the risks and benefits should precede each decision to transfusion allogeneic erythrocytes. Currently, a number of important problem in transfusion medicine is very controversial, most importantly the influence of different transfusion thresholds on clinical outcome. The purpose of this article is to highlight some features regarding to effectiveness, outcomes and risks, as well as to present a new trend in the recommendations for blood transfusion. In our days there is a general consensus about the decision to transfuse blood to a specific patient should be based primarily on his/her need for global and regional oxygen delivery and consumption, i.e. on clinical assessment of signs of insufficient global and regional tissue oxygenation, which can vary significantly depending on the individual characteristics of the patient (reactivity features). Evaluation of these signs - physiological triggers of transfusion - requires a deep knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of blood transfusions and clinical experience. Actualization of theoretical knowledge and the formation of clinical experience on this problem will permit a physician to make decisions about blood transfusion with the lowest risk for the patient. However, quantitative criteria for individual blood indicators - numerical triggers of transfusion - can be useful in some situations, for example, when monitoring is insufficient or due to the lack of adequate sufficient experience of medical personnel.
Artırılmış Gerçekliğin Sosyal Bilgiler Dersinde Kullanımı Hakkında Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Görüşleri
Authors: EKİCİ Murat , YEŞİBURSA Cemil Cahit
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, artırılmış gerçeklik (AG) teknolojisinin sosyal bilgiler dersinde kullanımını ortaokul öğrencilerinin görüşleri bağlamında incelemektir. Araştırma olgu bilim deseniyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubu 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında 5., 6. ve 7. sınıf düzeylerinde öğrenim gören 18 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. AG uygulaması Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan 2 farklı devlet okulunda sosyal bilgiler dersi kapsamında uygulanmıştır. Uygulama sonrasında öğrencilerle odak grup görüşmeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonrası AG’nin, sosyal bilgiler dersinde akademik başarıyı artıracağı, kalıcı öğrenmeye katkılar sağlayacağı, öğrencilerin derse yönelik ilgi ve tutumlarını olumlu etkileyeceği bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak öğrenciler tarafından kullanımı kolay, ilgi çekici ve eğlenceli olarak betimlenen AG, sosyal bilgiler dersi bağlamında aktif bir şekilde kullanılabilir.
Medium-term safety outcomes in patients undergoing tension free vaginal tape obturator for stress urinary incontinence in Murcia, Spain. Historical cohort
Authors: Marín-Martínez Florencio Manuel , Oñate-Celdrán Julián , Molina-Hernández Olimpia , Artes-Artes Miriam , Bobadilla-Romero Emny Rochelle , García-Porcel Víctor Javier , Guzmán-Martínez Valls Pablo Luis , Andreu-García Angel , Sánchez-Rodríguez Carlos , García-Escudero Damián , Suarez-Pineda Mabel Coromoto , Valdelvira-Nadal Pedro
Published: April 2021

Objective: Describe the medium-term safety of the tension free vaginal tape obturator (TVT-O) procedure in terms of complications, cure and changes in quality of life (QoL) after the surgery. Materials and methods: Descriptive historical cohort that included women over 18 years of age who underwent TVT-O due to objectively proven stress urinary incontinence, urethral hypermobility or mixed urinary incontinence in which the stress component predominated, confirmed on urodynamic testing between July 2013-April 2017, in a reference hospital located in the city of Murcia Spain. Women with previous anti-incontinence surgery, concomitant vaginal surgery and planning pregnancy were excluded. Follow-up was determined for each patient based on the time elapsed between surgery and the time when the research protocol was applied. Complications were stratified according to the modified Clavien-Dindo classification; also we evaluated subjective cure rate, quality of life using the ICIQ-SF score, before and after surgery. Results: The mean age was 52.6 (SD± 10.5) years and 80.1% of patients were at least overweight. The incidence of complications at 12 months was: 8.3% (12/144). We did not detect complications after this period in the followed patients at 24, 36 and 48 months. The subjective cure determined at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months was 62.5% (90/144), 59.09% (55/88), 50.81% (31/61) and 50% (7/14), respectively. There was a significant improvement in quality of life, as determined by the ICQ-SF mean score before and after surgery (13.76[6,34] vs 3.84[5.76]; p<0.05). Conclusions: The TVT-O surgery is a safe therapy associated with a low complication incidence at 12 months, an acceptable subjective cure rate in stress urinary incontinence, and quality-of-life improvement. Classifications of complications related to the insertion of the prosthesis and of those inherent to surgery, such as urinary tract infection, are required.
Consenso de tromboprofilaxis en cirugía ginecológica
Authors: De Tromboprofilaxis en Cirugía Ginecológica. Grupo Desarrollador del Consenso , de Obstetricia y Ginecología (FECOLSOG) Federación Colombiana
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: sintetizar la evidencia disponible en torno a las intervenciones para la prevención de eventos tromboembólicos venosos durante el cuidado perioperatorio de las mujeres con patología ginecológica benigna, buscando reducir la morbimortalidad asociada a esta condición. Materiales y métodos: el grupo desarrollador estuvo integrado por profesionales de la salud, tomadores decisiones y un representante de las pacientes. Todos los participantes declararon sus conflictos de interés. Se construyeron preguntas clínicas contestables y se realizó la graduación de los desenlaces. Se elaboró la pesquisa de la información en Medline/PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos y LILACS. La búsqueda también abarcó fuentes de literatura gris y se actualizó el 22 de septiembre de 2020 sin restricciones por fecha o idioma. Se implementó la aproximación GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) para establecer la calidad de la evidencia y la fuerza de las recomendaciones, se realizó consenso formal acorde con la metodología RAND/UCLA. Previo a la publicación, el documento fue objeto de revisión por pares. Resultados: se presenta la versión corta del consenso “para la prevención de eventos tromboembólicos venosos durante el cuidado perioperatorio de las mujeres con patología ginecológica benigna”, junto a su evidencia de soporte y respectivas recomendaciones. Conclusiones: como recomendaciones claves para la implementación, se proponen el uso de la escala de Caprini y el uso de intervenciones acorde con el nivel de riesgo perioperatorio de las pacientes.
Motivational Interviewing Enhances Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Strodl Esben , Yang Joel
Published: April 2021

This pilot study tested whether the addition of motivational interviewing (MI) prior to group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety may improve the effectiveness of the treatment. Prior to group CBT, 40 individuals with a principal diagnosis of an anxiety disorder (40% panic disorder, 25% generalized anxiety disorder, 22.5% social phobia, and 12.5% others) were randomly assigned to receive either three individual sessions of MI or were assigned to a control group that did not receive MI. The pretreatment MI group, compared to the control group, experienced significantly greater reduction in anxiety symptoms post-CBT. These results suggest that brief MI pretreatment enhances the efficacy of CBT on anxiety. A combination of MI and CBT may be particularly promising for the treatment of anxiety, with MI directed at increasing motivation and commitment to change, and CBT directed at helping the client achieve the desired changes.
Covid-19 Response and Protracted Exclusion of Informal Settlement Residents in Freetown, Sierra Leone
Authors: Conteh Abu , Sirah Kamara Mary , Saidu Samuel , Mustapha Macarthy Joseph
Published: April 2021

Freetown has over 1 million residents, many of whom live in about 68 crowded informal settlements. Residents of these settlements struggle daily to access basic services such as water, sanitation, and health-care services. We found that the government’s Covid-19 response measures (curfews, lockdowns, and travel restrictions) excluded informal residents from contributing to its design, and the implementation of these measures prevented these residents from accessing basic services. Like the urban planning processes in Freetown, the Covid-19 response planning was done with the limited inclusion of informal residents, and not considering how these response measures would affect their livelihood priorities. The economic conditions of already vulnerable people such as those living with disabilities, beggars, and women heads of households worsened as a result of these measures. While these challenges were dire, communities were resilient in reversing the spread of Covid-19 through tailor‑made messaging and by supporting the most vulnerable with food and basic needs. In this article we argue that the inclusion of the urban poor in decision-making and urban planning processes can improve service delivery and their ability to cope with health shocks.
Governance for Building Back Better
Authors: Khan Mohmand Shandana , Anderson Colin , Gallien Max , Harrison Tom , Joshi Anuradha , Loureiro Miguel , Mascagni Giulia , Occhiali Giovanni , van den Boogard Vanessa
Published: April 2021

The pandemic is in many ways a crisis of governance. It has created a set of unique challenges that underscore the need for governments to collect revenue more efficiently and equitably; and to spend it more inclusively, transparently, and accountably, especially on the most vulnerable and marginalised populations. In this article, we suggest a set of governance interventions to help create conditions for building effective and inclusive institutions that can support efforts to build back better. We propose that the impact of the pandemic can be dealt with through a mix of some interventions that deal with the immediate impacts of the crisis, and other interventions that can transform development in the longer term.
A contradição como motor do progresso
Authors: Cunha Campos Rui Miguel da
Published: April 2021

O conceito de Civilização Ecológica foi recentemente inscrito na Constituição do Estado Chinês – sinal da sua importância – mas de que se trata este conceito? E a qual a sua importância, à luz da dialética e do materialismo histórico, para o projeto de desenvolvimento nacional da China? Fazendo uma análise qualitativa de fontes primárias e secundárias, procuraremos traçar um quadro teórico e histórico, demonstrando como através das contradições, o Estado chinês tem avançando nos seus objetivos. Analisando a literatura existente, pode-se constatar a diversidade do estudo e da interpretação deste conceito. Vemos também que a compreensão da Civilização Ecológica deverá ser feita tendo por base o estudo das condições materiais existentes na China e que a resposta ao problema do desenvolvimento ocupa a centralidade da questão. Concluímos que a Civilização Ecológica – parte integrante do Socialismo com Características Chinesas – nasce em resposta às contradições que modelo de desenvolvimento pós 1979 criou e que o seu aparecimento corresponde à necessidade de encontrar um novo modelo de desenvolvimento que coloque o foco na questão qualitativa.
Inteligencia emocional y la internacionalización temprana como estrategia resiliente en contextos adversos
Authors: Quintillán Isabel , Peña-Legazkue Iñaki
Published: April 2021

En este estudio se investiga el efecto de la inteligencia emocional en la internacionalización de las nuevas empresas cuando las personas emprendedoras aplican estrategias resilientes en un entorno económico hostil (ej., el shock resultante de una recesión económica). Si bien los hallazgos anteriores han resaltado la importancia del capital humano para penetrar y operar en mercados extranjeros, son pocos los estudios que hayan considerado el efecto de la inteligencia emocional en la internacionalización. Este estudio llena este vacío al investigar las cualidades emocionales, cognitivas y psicológicas de las personas emprendedoras para explicar sus decisiones de exportación bajo condiciones de adversidad.
Mejora del resultado de las nuevas empresas internacionales a través de las redes empresariales y su influencia en la elección de modos de entrada cooperativos
Authors: Ripollés María , Blesa Andreu
Published: April 2021

Se estudia la influencia de las redes empresariales de carácter social en la elección de modos de entrada cooperativos que no requieren inversión en capital. Se argumenta que las ventajas informativas y conocimientos experienciales derivados del capital social son aspectos importantes para reducir los problemas de la elección del modo de entrada, aún incluso cuando los socios no provienen necesariamente de sus redes empresariales. Dado que el capital social depende de las acciones que se lleven a cabo para construirlas y mantenerlas, los empresarios deben establecer rutinas informales que permitan desarrollar actividades en coordinación con los miembros de su red.
La relación de intercambio entre explorar y explotar recursos internacionalmente: posibles recetas para el crecimiento internacional a corto plazo
Authors: Silva Carina , González-Loureiro Miguel , Braga Vitor
Published: April 2021

Las PYMEs requieren actualmente un crecimiento rápido en mercados internacionales y una toma de decisiones racional en función del contexto. En este marco, estudiamos dos alternativas complementarias pero excluyentes –dedicar recursos a la exploración y a la explotación internacional– bajo un enfoque cognitivo, y su asociación con el crecimiento de las ventas internacionales en el corto plazo. Nuestro estudio revela que una mayor orientación a la explotación internacional se asocia positivamente con ese crecimiento. En cambio, una mayor orientación a la exploración internacional se asocia negativamente. Ofrecemos algunas recomendaciones para acelerar el crecimiento internacional basado en estos resultados.
Percepción sobre el profesionalismo médico en estudiantes del último año de medicina en una universidad peruana.
Authors: Ray Ray , Vásquez Néstor E. , Cárcamo Hernán A.
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Describir conceptos, experiencias y perspectivas que alumnos del último año de medicina en una universidad peruana tienen respecto al Profesionalismo Médico. Material y Métodos: Se aplicó una encuesta a alumnos que cursaban la rotación clínica final de su último (7º) año de estudios en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, durante el año 2015. Resultados: El porcentaje de respuestas fue 90,5%. Las tres respuestas más comunes fueron ética (51,2%), buena comunicación médico-paciente (43%) y conocimientos (41,9%). El 81,4 % de los estudiantes estuvo “de acuerdo” o “muy de acuerdo” con el hecho de que profesionalismo puede ser aprendido y enseñado. El contacto con modelos positivos del personal docente de la Facultad (4,26/5,00) fue considerado el método más útil para el aprendizaje sobre profesionalismo médico, en tanto que sólo el 25,6% consideró adecuado el número de actividades dedicadas a la enseñanza del tema. Conclusiones: Los Internos de medicina consideran a la ética, una buena relación médico-paciente, conocimiento, respeto y responsabilidad como principales atributos del profesionalismo médico. Percibieron que su concepto de profesionalismo fue más influenciado por modelos positivos que por actividades académicas formales.
Síndrome de Guillain Barré e infección por SARS-CoV-2: reporte de dos casos en Perú.
Authors: Segura-Chávez Darwin , Ordinola-Calle Deysi , Tagle-Lostaunau Isabel , Aquino-Peña Francisco , Sifuentes-Monge Juan
Published: April 2021

La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), provocada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, se manifiesta principalmente a nivel respiratorio. Sin embargo, puede afectar otros órganos y sistemas, entre ellos el sistema nervioso, generando diversas manifestaciones neurológicas en las que se incluye el síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB). Presentamos dos  casos de pacientes varones de 35 y 46 años con SGB, uno clasificado como neuropatía axonal motora aguda (AMAN) y el otro como polineuropatia inflamatoria desmielinizante aguda (AIDP), quienes mostraron serología positiva para SARS-CoV-2 y sintomatología respiratoria previa al cuadro de debilidad. En ambos casos, la reacción en cadena de polimerasa en tiempo real (RT-PCR) en secreción faríngea y liquido cefalorraquideo fue negativa. El diagnóstico de infección por SARS-CoV-2 fue confirmado por prueba de anticuerpos totales en suero, mediante inmunoensayo CLIA (Chemiluminescent Immunoassay), positiva para IgG en ambos casos. Las características de los casos presentados sustentan una posible relación posinfecciosa entre el SARS-CoV-2 y el SGB y abren, además, la posibilidad de que, a pesar de que los pacientes sean asintomáticos o presenten síntomas respiratorios leves, podrían desarrollar complicaciones posinfecciosas tales como SGB.
Bacterial Endophytes: The Hidden Actor in Plant Immune Responses Against Biotic Stress
Authors: Oukala Nadira , Aissat Kamel , Pastor Victoria
Published: April 2021

Bacterial endophytes interact closely with plant tissues and constitute an essential part of the plant microbiome. These interactions can promote plant growth and elicit specific defense responses against abiotic stresses and pathogen attacks. In this paper, we review the role of endophytic bacteria in modulating defenses of the host rendering the entire plant more resistant to pathogens and pests. The endophyte-induced resistance will probably introduce a new factor when consid-ering plant-pathogen interactions. The impact of the bacterial endosymbionts on the host leading to the priming state is also discussed since it confers a specific adaptation of the plant to the biotic threat.
Brief Report, Rationality and Irrationality in the Use of Antibiotics in the Epiclatino Latin American Neonatal Units
Authors: Hoyos Angela
Published: April 2021

Background: Recent years have seen chaos in the neonatology use of antibiotics with diverse opinions and recommendations in international guidelines and societies. This has created great uncertainty in which cases to use, for how long, and which tests apply to make these decisions. We conducted a retrospective cohort study about the use of antibiotics in the EpicLatino neonatal units and a Latin American network database, after noting these variations in the 2019 report. Methods: For the year 2019 using the EpicLatino database, we included cases (only first admission) ≤32 weeks gestational age at birth, excluding one unit that did not accept to participate. The number of cases and days receiving antibiotics were recorded as well as the progression for each unit. Inappropriate use of antibiotics was defined as greater than 3 days in patients with negative cultures (blood/CSF cultures) excluding: major malformations, urinary tract infections, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and cases with suspected chorioamnionitis in the mother (the latter two only during the course of diagnosis of NEC or chorioamnionitis). This study was approved by the EpicLatino board of directors and by the participating units. Results: A total of 6,543 days of antibiotics were observed, 49.5% of cases had at least one positive blood/CSF culture. A total of 595 days of antibiotics without justification were found in 72 courses in 61 cases: 19.4% had no diagnosis of infection in the database, 9.7% did not document any culture throughout their stay, and 51,4% obtained only one blood/CSF culture during their entire stay. In the 58 cases with diagnosis of infection: 41% were clinical sepsis and a diagnosis of pneumonia with a poor positive culture correlation was found. Furthermore, 74% of the unit’s didn´t use pneumonia as a justification to use antibiotics. Other diagnosis found: Conjunctivitis, NEC 1A and rotavirus NEC. Conclusions: Although the method of reviewing the use of antibiotics in a database has a number of limitations, especially the cause that motivated the use of antibiotics and other tools used for diagnosis of infections, the notable differences between units is striking. Although it is difficult to make recommendations to all units, it is important to control infections in some units and in others to reduce the excessive use of antibiotics, especially with diagnosis of pneumonia in neonates and negative blood/CSF cultures.
Effective Photodynamic Therapy with Ir(III) for Virulent Clinical Isolates of Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Núñez Constanza , Palavecino Annegrett , González Iván A. , Dreyse Paulina , Palavecino Christian Erick
Published: April 2021

Background: The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of health-associated infections (HAI), whose antibiotic treatments have been severely reduced. Besides, HAI bacteria may harbor pathogenic factors such as siderophores, enzymes, or capsules, which increase the virulence of these strains. Thus, new therapies such as antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) are needed. Method: A collection of 118 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae were characterized susceptibility and virulence through the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Amk, Cfx, Cfz, Imp, Mer, and Pip-taz, and by PCR, the frequency of the virulence genes, K2, magA, rmpA, entB, ybtS, and allS. Susceptibility to innate immunity, such as human serum, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear cells, was tested. All the strains were tested for sensitivity to the photosensitizer PSIR-3 (4µg/mL) in a 17µW/cm2 for 30 min aPDI. Results: A significantly higher frequency of virulence genes in ESBL than non-ESBL bacteria were observed. The isolates of the genotype K2+, ybtS+, and allS+ display enhanced virulence since they showed higher resistance to human serum as well as to phagocytosis. All strains are susceptible to the aPDI with PSIR-3 decreasing viability in 3log10. The combined treatment with Cfx improved the aPDI to 6log10 for the ESBL strains. The combined treatment is synergistic as it showed an FIC index value of 0.15. Conclusions: The aPDT effectively inhibits clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae, including the more risky strains of ESBL-producing bacteria and the K2+, ybtS+, and allS+ genotype. The aPDI with PSIR-3 is synergistic with Cfx.
Relationship between Measured Aerobic Capacity and Total Energy Expenditure Obtained by Doubly Labeled Water in Community-Dwelling Healthy Adults Aged 81-94y: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Yasukata Jun , Yamada Yosuke , Sagayama Hiroyuki , Higaki Yasuki , Tanaka Hiroaki
Published: April 2021

Adequate energy intake is critical for the healthy longevity of older adults, and the estimated energy requirement is determined by total energy expenditure (TEE). We aimed to identify the relationship between measured aerobic capacity and TEE, activity energy expenditure (AEE) or physical activity level (PAL) with the doubly labeled water (DLW) methods in the advanced older adults. A total of 12 physically independent older adults (10 males and 2 females) aged between 81 to 94 years participated in this study. Aerobic capacity was evaluated according to the lactate threshold (LT). TEE under free-living conditions was assessed using the DLW method, and self-reported physical activity was obtained through the Japanese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). LT was significantly positively correlated with TEE, AEE, and PAL after adjustment for age and sex (ρ= 0.77 (P<0.01), 0.86 (p<0.01), and 0.86 (p<0.01), respectively). We found the LT as an aerobic capacity is positively and independently correlated with TEE, AEE or PAL. The present results suggest that maintaining aerobic capacity is an important factor for preventing frailty, although further research is needed to multisite studies and many samples.
A Survey of RDF Stores & SPARQL Engines for Querying Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Ali Waqas , Saleem Muhammad , Bin Yao , Hogan Aidan , Ngomo A.-C. Ngonga
Published: April 2021

Recent years have seen the growing adoption of non-relational data models for representing diverse, incomplete data. Among these, the RDF graph-based data model has seen ever-broadening adoption, particularly on the Web. This adoption has prompted the standardization of the SPARQL query language for RDF, as well as the development of a variety of local and distributed engines for processing queries over RDF graphs. These engines implement a diverse range of specialized techniques for storage, indexing, and query processing. A number of benchmarks, based on both synthetic and real-world data, have also emerged to allow for contrasting the performance of different query engines, often at large scale. This survey paper draws together these developments, providing a comprehensive review of the techniques, engines and benchmarks for querying RDF knowledge graphs.
Application of Optimal Control Theory to Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance
Authors: Martikyan Vardan , Beluffi Camille , Glaser Steffen J. , Delsuc Marc-André , Sugny Dominique
Published: April 2021

We study the application of Optimal Control Theory to Ion Cyclotron Resonance. We test the validity and the efficiency of this approach for the robust excitation of an ensemble of ions with a wide range of cyclotron frequencies. Optimal analytical solutions are derived in the case without any pulse constraint. A gradient-based numerical optimization algorithm is proposed to take into account limitation in the control intensity. The efficiency of optimal pulses is investigated as a function of control time, maximum amplitude and range of excited frequencies. A comparison with adiabatic and SWIFT pulses is done. On the basis of recent results in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, this study highlights the potential usefulness of optimal control in Ion Cyclotron Resonance.
A Brief Review on Spiking Neural Network - A Biological Inspiration
Authors: Rafi Taki Hasan
Published: April 2021

Recent advancement of deep learning has been elevated the multifaceted nature in various applications of this field. Artificial neural networks are now turning into a genuinely old procedure in the vast area of computer science; the principal thoughts and models are more than fifty years of age. However, in this modern computing era, 3rd generation intelligent models are introduced by scientists. In the biological neuron, actual film channels control the progression of particles over the layer by opening and shutting in light of voltage changes because of inborn current flows and remotely led to signals. A comprehensive 3rd generation, Spiking Neural Network (SNN) is diminishing the distance between deep learning, machine learning, and neuroscience in a biologically-inspired manner. It also connects neuroscience and machine learning to establish high-level efficient computing. Spiking Neural Networks initiate utilizing spikes, which are discrete functions that happen at focuses as expected, as opposed to constant values. This paper is a review of the biological-inspired spiking neural network and its applications in different areas. The author aims to present a brief introduction to SNN, which incorporates the mathematical structure, applications, and implementation of SNN. This paper also represents an overview of machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning. This review paper can help advanced artificial intelligence researchers to get a compact brief intuition of spiking neural networks.
From Gantry-Based Machine to Robot-Based Fused Deposition Modelling: A State-of-the-Art
Authors: Habibi Mohamed , Ziadia Marwa
Published: April 2021

Over the last decade, a significant literature has emerged that advocates the potential of different Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and printable polymeric materials. Nevertheless, large scale printing and complex geometric shapes, with curvatures and non-planar layer deposition, are a challenging process for the traditional gantry-based machine. The 3 degrees of freedom cartesian configuration restricted their capability to planar layered printing and restricted part dimensions. To date, many researchers have used industrial robots to overcomes this limitation. This review gives the reader a good overview of the FDM technique due to its scalability, cost efficiency and a wide range of material printability. A strong emphasis is laid on the PLA and PLA-based composites as promising materials for the FDM process applications. The second part of this paper links the successful use of these materials in the traditional printing process to large scale printing using the robot-based FDM process. This survey presents representative setups for robot-based AM and works that have been used these setups for non-planar material deposition. Finally, we conclude this paper by identifying opportunities for realizing new functional capabilities by exploiting robot-based AM, and we also present the future trends in this area.