bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Albanian Nationalism: between the National Revival and the Security Prospects in the Adriatic Region
Authors: Micu Andrei Alexandru
Published: June 2023

The study will address the phenomenology and the processes that marked the Albanian independence movement, concomitantly illustrating it as an integrated stage into the Balkan trend of nation-state edification during the decline of the Ottoman Empire, hence enforcing the debate over the mechanism that had been used in administrating the territorial possessions of the quasi-defunct caliphate. On this occasion, the research will highlight the external involvement in supporting the Albanian independence movement, mentioning in this way the Italian Kingdom, the actor that assumed the role of protecting independent Albania as a result of Rome`s primordial interests in assuming a predominant role in the Adriatic security architecture.Simultaneously will be pursued Tirana`s nationalist projects and the points of tension from the relations with Greece and Yugoslavia as a result of overlapping the territorial expansionist ethnic agendas of these three states. Therefore, it will illustrate how the Albanian state`s interactions with proximity are influenced by the regional climate of state-building on ethnic backgrounds, with a major impact on the security perspectives over the divergent energies of militant nationalism. In this way, the paper will analyze both the Albania – Greece – Italy triangle, with Rome inoculating the moderation in the Athens – Tirana relationship and mentioning the main the Italian foreign policy objective of assuming the role of a Mediterranean power.Last but not least, the Albanian National Revival Movement is presented from the perspective of social history and ideology, legitimizing Albania's independence, highlighting the domestic lines of rupture and the societal manifestations that could be framed in post-Ottomanism. Differentiating from the Balkan space by Albanian Kemalism eradicated by Ismail Kemal, the Albanian nationalism marked also by a modernization dichotomy: on the one hand by the desire of building a state based on the West-European model, by the agrarian reform and by overcoming the religious differences, and on the other hand the outstanding nationalist conservative revolution of returning to Albania's national values under Skanderbeg`s flag of the two-headed black eagle.
A Brief Incursion in the Realm of Institutional Organization of the American Cultural Diplomacy from World War I to 1946
Authors:   University of Bucharest, Antoniu Bogdan
Published: June 2023

The institutional organization of the American cultural diplomacy from the end of the First World War and the full engagement of the United States in the Second World War was an experimental, reactive, and unsubstantial policy. Even though the idea of using culture or arts as diplomatic tools was rejected by many governmental officials, there were many personalities like President Roosevelt, who foresaw that the power of art and culture represents an important part of states’ foreign policy. In fact, since the Cold War till now, cultural diplomacy has acquired special significance becoming an important instrument that operates among the other diplomatic methods.
The Persian Gulf Crisis 2019-2020 and the U.S.-Iran interactions.
Authors: Cojocaru Alexandra
Published: June 2023

The Persian Gulf crisis 2019-2020 is one of the challenges the international community is currently facing. After the assassination of General Qasem Soleimani, the crisis has taken on new dimensions, calling into question the effectiveness of the U.S. strategy and its legitimacy in the Middle East. In order to provide a better view of the relationship between the U.S. and Iran, we identified the main underlying causes that contributed to paramount animosities and the reputation for resolve, classifying them into several categories: geostrategic, economic, symbolic, etc. To decipher the actions taken by combatants in 2019 and 2020, we analyzed the strategies adopted, the miscalculations, the strategic costs involved, and how they impacted the future interaction in the Middle East. Having access to numerous American primary sources (press, American officials’ speeches, official releases), we used theoretical aspects of political psychology in order to highlight the U.S. strategic incoherence. In the case of Iran, we used secondary sources to demonstrate the unjustified Iranian assertiveness during the crisis. This paper aims to question the rationality behind the decisions taken by the leaders of the two states and to determine to which extent these decisions were the product of a solid and rational decision-making process or the product of cognitive rigidity. This paper also emphasizes that the inference that the other’s image is the product of aggressiveness, was the main reason why coercive strategies did not have the desired effect on the initiator.
The Romanian-Yugoslav Relations between the Balkan Cooperation and the Informal War
Authors: Micu Andrei Alexandru
Published: June 2023

The Romanian-Yugoslav relations represent a study case as a result of the alternation between cooperation and mutual mistrust, the first coordinate being dictated by the historically close relations, while the second one came as a consequence of the doctrine of besieged city promoted by the communist regime. Despite the informational war that two regimes were fighting alike internally and internationally, the cooperation represents the dominant component, with a strong activity behind the public's eye, meaning the common initiatives in intelligence, security, and defense as well as strategic planning. Both representing the discordant actors of the Soviet sphere of influence, their cooperation has been long-termed dictated by the common threat of being politically aligned and later integrated into a unitary Balkan hybrid political project under Soviet rule.
From the Italian Mare Nostrum Operation to the Frontex Triton Operation ( November 2014-February 2018). Italy and Search and Rescue Operations. (SAR operations)
Authors:   University of Bucharest, Mustățea Mihaela
Published: June 2023

In October 2013, the Italian Coast Guard began an innovative Search and Rescue mission, known as the Mare Nostrum operation, intending to rescue migrants in distress at sea and bring to justice human traffickers and migrant smugglers. In November 2014, after only a year of activity in which all the costs were financed by Italy, Mare Nostrum was officially ended and replaced by the Frontex-led Operation Triton. This paper examines the EU’s decision to implement the European Triton operation, the main objectives of this new European mission, and for a better understanding, points out the differences between these two naval operations led by Italy in the Mediterranean Sea. Launched in the Central Mediterranean, the main focus of the Triton operation was the border management control and to a lesser extent the humanitarian scope. Being a response to continuous Italy’s calls for aid and the expanded Mediterranean migration crisis, Triton functioned in the same line as two other similar European operations: in Spain, the Hera operation, or in Greece, the Poseidon operation (since 2006). Each operation had a member state, as the sole host state which commanded the entire operation. In February 2018, the Warsaw-based Frontex launched a new operation in the Central Mediterranean, the Themis Operation, to assist Italy in the Schengen border control activity, replacing the Triton operation and removing the much-criticized obligation to bring rescued migrants only to Italy.
Between a Custom War and the Magyarization process in Transylvania: Romania’s tense relations with Austria-Hungary and their impact on the renewal of their alliance
Authors: Pintea Adina
Published: June 2023

Relying on the new realities following the Treaty of Berlin (1878), Romania wished to secure its newly-won independence and consolidate its national security. Knowing the evolution of Germany under Bismarck, and being aware of the danger represented by Russia and its Balkan ambitions, Romania concluded that an alliance with the Central Powers was a necessity. This alliance, however, couldn’t be signed directly with Germany, as the Romanian leaders wished, but the treaty had to be signed with Austria-Hungary, with whom Romania didn’t have very good diplomatic relations. After the treaty was signed and Romania became part of the Central Powers alliance, the already strained relations with the Dual Monarchy worsened. Two important reasons for this were the customs war of 1886-1891 and the growing Romanian national movement in Transylvania. This paper will analyze the cumulative effects which these two actions had on Romania’s decision to renew the treaty with the Central Powers in 1892.
The Romanian Army from the guardian of constitutional order to a political actor for its change in Romania on December 30, 1947
Authors: Hlihor Constantin , Mocanu Dan-Laurențiu
Published: June 2023

The study analyzes the role of the Romanian military institution in the process of changing the constitutional regime by removing the Monarchy on December 30, 1947, from two perspectives: its position as guardian of constitutional order, but also that the monarch was the supreme commander of the army. The non-intervention of the army in the event that led to the overthrow of the Monarchy was interpreted in pre-1989 historiography as respecting its status of neutrality to the political struggle in society. It would have been true if there had been a regime of genuine democracy in Romanian society and not a dictatorship in which the army as an institution was subject to transformations that were not in line with traditions or the spirit in which it was formed and educated. All this shaped the military's path from political neutrality to be an instrument in the service of communist leaders.
The estimates of the Central Intelligence Agency during the second Berlin Crisis
Authors: Cocor Ștefania Teodora
Published: June 2023

After the Second World War, the city of Berlin, like Germany, was divided into four zones of occupation, with the Allied powers taking the west part of the city and the Soviets taking the eastern section. Located 177 kilometers from the border with West Germany and deep inside of East Germany, the western sector of Berlin became an island of capitalism and democracy within the communist German Democratic Republic. Holding an important strategic role, Berlin had been a constant source of tension in East-West relations during the Cold War. After the leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, tried to blockade the Western occupied sectors by closing off all the land routes into the city, his successor, Nikita Khrushchev, started a new crisis over Berlin by forcing the West to transform West Berlin into a demilitarized „free city” and recognize the GDR. This paper examines the CIA’s view of the events during the Berlin Crisis that culminated with the building of the Wall, highlighting how the US intelligence agency analyzed Soviet behavior. The estimates of the CIA provided a new perspective on the Berlin question, the anticipation by the CIA of the possible tactics that the communist regime could carry out in Berlin offering new details about the West’s perception of the Soviets. The US intelligence agency was not only a secret service of a state whose role was to collect information but, moreover, it was an essential part of the US political apparatus at a time when a good knowledge of the opponent’s intentions could radically change future political decisions. anticipation by the CIA of the possible tactics that the communist regime could carry out in Berlin offering new details about the West’s perception of the Soviets. The US intelligence agency was not only a secret service of a state whose role was to collect information but, moreover, it was an essential part of the US political apparatus at a time when a good knowledge of the opponent’s intentions could radically change future political decisions.
The path to the Themis Frontex Operation: Italy and SAR operations in the Central Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Mustățea Mihaela
Published: June 2023

To challenge the consolidated illegal migration routes, in February 2018, the European Union Frontex Agency launched a new sea border control mission. Named Operation Themis, it aimed to replace the Triton Operation (conducted by Italy since 2014) and support the Italian government with new border surveillance and securitization approach in the Central Mediterranean Sea. The Themis Operation has taken a different mandate from its predecessor: a stronger focus on law enforcement and border security, a reduced mandate of sea patrolling, this time much closer to the Italian territorial waters (circa 30 miles zone closed to the Italian shore). But the most important novelty was that the rescued migrants would have been disembarked in the closest port to the point where the rescue at sea was carried out, instead of bringing them only in the Italian ports, like in the case of Triton. Finally, it is not foreseen to transfer rescued people to third countries, outside the European Union. As a consequence, the Maltese government has rejected being a part of the Themis operation, assuming that this could lead to an increase of migrants disembarking only in Malta. This attitude has reflected the disunity among EU states of how to handle massive migration via the Central Mediterranean. This study presents the main stages that led to the new Frontex operation and how the ‘migration crisis’ has affected Italian immigration politics, particularly during Matteo Salvini's tenure in the Ministry of the Interior. Also, it includes a press review, an analysis of the official information provided by the Frontex Agency, and the most relevant secondary sources on this issue.
Nazi Germany's Propaganda Machine: The Rise
Authors: Uță Ana
Published: June 2023

Peculiarities in German history led to the emergence of a 'special path' (Sonderweg), which was represented by the rise and rise of Adolf Hitler. Because Hitler's 'shadow' was so large, and stretched in technique, approach, ascension, and plan, it shaped the diversity of interpretations of this phenomenon. Nazism was the product of unique features of German history and culture, of political developments different from the rest of the states on the European continent. The character of Adolf Hilter cannot be understood if we use an isolated reflection on what the demagogue, the mob agitator, and the dictator of the Third Reich meant. However, those who follow this path isolated by other means, will reach a conclusion that will be false, and will lead to the "isolation" of this phenomenon from what the sphere of everyday life and unimportant elements means, such as the banal, thus losing it the meaning. Hitler's dictatorship is shaped by premises related to his life, the environment from which he came, education, aspirations, and dreams that dominated the character of the young man, then the soldier, and, finally, the leader Adolf Hitler. This paper is a guide that provides a vision that brings together the opinions and arguments of both specialists and a reflection built from articles, and documents on one of the abnormally and historically interesting characters of the personality that in 1938 was declared by TIME magazine, Man of the Year, who was at the same time dictator, "demon" and demagogue. It is an attempt to understand the one who excited a nation and gradually came into conflict with an entire world. The creation of powerful myths, which, together with the propaganda carefully orchestrated by Joseph Goebbels, the Minister of Propaganda in the Reich, led to the animation of crowds numbering millions of Germans who were fascinated by him and the Nazi movement.
Ongoing Humanitarian Crisis and Peace Process in The Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Cojocaru Alexandra
Published: June 2023

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has experienced a cycle of violence over time, which has taken the form of interethnic competition, and civil wars and has become one of the worst humanitarian crises. Faced with an extremely violent peace process, especially in the eastern part of the country, sustainability and peacebuilding have been key points in the intervention plans proposed by international organizations. The peace process has made positive progress in halting regional hostilities, but the humanitarian crisis is far from being over, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs estimates that 27 million people will need humanitarian aid in 2022. DRC continues to face overlapping crises, extreme poverty, famine, poor governance, corruption, violence in the eastern part of the country, sexual abuse, and blatant human rights violations.In addition to the strategies proposed by international actors (for example, South Africa, the Southern African Development Community - SADC, the African Union, the United Nations, and the European Union), mainly having a regional approach, actions must start at a micro-level, a local intervention aimed at ending ethnic rivalries. Despite the efforts of international actors, the local approach has not yet been effectively implemented. Starting from the demographic and socio-economic context of the DRC, we propose an analysis of the evolution of the Congolese state, focusing on the conflict situation in the late 1990s, the unfolding of conflicts, and how African states and the international community have tried to restore peace. How effective the proposed strategies have been, what are the current issues and why are there no significant results in stabilizing the internal situation of the Congolese state?
Donald Trump and the Iran Nuclear Deal: what is the future of the deal? A key issue concerning worldwide security
Authors: Ghet Anis
Published: June 2023

Withdrawing from international agreements and criticizing them were perhaps the most significant aspects of former President Donald Trump's administration, as it put the international community in the middle of global dilemmas by challenging international resolutions, references, and efforts, moreover, it also reflected poorly on the global nation's confidence towards US foreign policy. This article identifies and analyzes the most critical stages of the United States' decision to withdraw from the Iran nuclear agreement within the Trump era, including its current international ramifications, all of which have recognized Iran's commitment to the agreement, and thus the risk of destabilizing regional security and stability, along with increasing the pace of the nuclear race, taking into consideration the development of the Iran nuclear program since then.
The Principles of International Humanitarian Aid - Diversity and Innovation
Authors: Nicolăescu Victor
Published: June 2023

Humanitarian assistance is currently a topic frequently addressed at the European level, in the context of the conflict in Ukraine, although the European Union is the main donor at the international level. The emergence of open conflict on the European continent, considered to be the largest military deployment since the Second World War, brought on the public agenda of European countries the provision of humanitarian assistance for the population that left Ukraine on February 24, 2022, located especially at the level of European countries. The involvement of citizens in humanitarian activities represented the defining emblem of European solidarity and a unanimous orientation towards supporting the Ukrainian population was highlighted. In this context, already having the specific frameworks for the provision of humanitarian aid by governments, international institutions, and non-governmental organizations, a vibrant network of humanity has manifested itself at the level of citizens. In this context, having the integrative dimensions of humanitarian aid applied synergistically to international institutions - governments - citizens, this article highlights the principles of humanitarian aid as highlighted at the level of the main operational levels active in the field.
TURBULENCE MODIFICATION BY SUPERHYDROPHOBIC BLUFF BODY
Authors: Mayer Eckhard , Schulte Tielo
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the impact of superhydrophobicity on turbulent flow characteristics, drag force, and lift forcethrough numerical simulations. A superhydrophobicity boundary condition is implemented on the surface of a sphere, altering the fluid-solid interaction, and introducing air pockets within the superhydrophobic texture. The results demonstrate a reduction in turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) by approximately 20%, accompanied by a drag reduction of approximately 15% compared to the fully wetted case. Additionally, the lift coefficient experiences an increase of approximately 10% with the implementation of the superhydrophobic surface. These findings, consistent with previous studies, highlight the efficacy of superhydrophobic surfaces in turbulence modification, drag reduction, and lift enhancement. The quantified reductions in drag force and enhancements in lift force demonstrate the potential of superhydrophobic surfaces for improving efficiency and energy savings in various applications. This research contributes to our understanding of the benefits of superhydrophobicity for flow control and offers insights for the development of drag reduction strategies and flow manipulation techniques. Further experimental validation and optimization of superhydrophobic surface design are necessary to fully exploit their advantages in practical engineering applications.
Radiation Therapy in Cancer Treatment: Innovations and Future Perspectives
Authors: Niazi Ansab
Published: June 2023

This paper explores the advancements in radiation therapy techniques and their evolving role incancer treatment. Radiation therapy plays a crucial role in the management of various cancers,aiming to eradicate tumor cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. The abstract providesa concise summary of the paper, highlighting the key innovations discussed, including intensitymodulated radiation therapy (IMRT), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), proton therapy,and the integration of radiation therapy with other treatment modalities.
DAMPAK PEMBIAYAAN BAITUL MAAL WA TAMWIL(BMT) TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN NASABAH
Authors: Kamil Alif Akbar , Kamil Alif Akbar
Published: June 2023

Kesejahteraan merupakan satu hal yang diidamkan banyak orang,namun dalam kenyataannya usaha untuk mendapatkan kesejahteraan tersebut perlu keterampilan dan kerja keras serta factor iuran yakni perlu didukung.beradasarkan hal tersebut tidak semua masyarakat dalam sebuah negara memperoleh kesejahteraan materil yang sama.dalam rangka upaya pemerataan distribusi kekayaan tersebut maka dibentuklah Lembaga intermediasi antara masyarakat yang kelebihan dana dengan masyarakat yang kekurangan dana yakni Lembaga keuangan bank.BMT ini merupakan Lembaga keuangan bank yang paling sederhana yang bertujuan untuk membantu dan mensejahterahkan masyarakat lapisan bawah.
The Impact of Virtual Reality in Healthcare: Enhancing Patient Care, Education, and Rehabilitation
Authors: Abbas Sial Dewis shukeel
Published: June 2023

This paper explores the impact of virtual reality (VR) technology in healthcare, focusing on itspotential to enhance patient care, medical education, and rehabilitation. The abstract provides aconcise summary of the key points discussed in the paper, highlighting the benefits of VR increating immersive healthcare experiences, improving training and education, and facilitatingtherapeutic interventions for patients.
Consolidation of the murburn model of flagella-aided motility in bacteria
Authors: Gideon Daniel Andrew , Annadurai Pushparaj , Manoj Kelath Murali
Published: June 2023

Howard Berg had proposed a ‘rotary motor’ explanatory paradigm for the flagella-assisted motility of bacteria (1), claiming that proton motive force (pmf) provided the powering in such propulsion in low Reynold’s number regimes (2). Paul Boyer subsequently suggested a pmf-aided rotary functionalism for explaining Complex V’s role in photo-/oxidative- phosphorylations in chloroplasts/mitochondria. Michael Behe had questioned the ‘evolvability’ of such self-assembled multi-molecular protein complexes with rotary functions, calling these proposals ‘irreducibly complex’. Over the last 25 years, while championing a new stochastic cellular principle of life (complementing the deterministic principle of central dogma) called murburn concept, we discredited the idea of “pmf-assisted rotary functions” in cellular routines in the two systems above. Herein, we confirm some of our earlier predictions and provide further evidence/arguments supporting the murburn model of flagella-aided motility in bacteria: (i) the component proteins of C-ring and Mot proteins show large variations in monomeric constitution and amino acid sequences suggesting that they could not have evolved for rotary activity (3), the purported rotary fulcrum role of a single amino acid residue (MotB’s D/E32) is untenable as it is not conserved in a wide variety of bacteria surveyed, (iii) the C-ring proteins and cytoplasm-side of MotA have a relatively higher concentration of charged residues that enable DRS recruitment/utilization, and (iv) the basal module is a Type-3 secretory system ejecting fluid wherein MotAB complex enable efficient proton delivery for water formation and expulsion via the rod.
Spacetime from Information Sampling
Authors: Capurso Alessandro
Published: June 2023

We propose a framework for a description of spacetime inspired by Presentism and Information Theory. We start from a fundamental thick present instant, given as the only element of reality in time and intended as a maximum rate of change. In each instant, we map space to a relational lattice. We describe the evolution of an elementary particle in terms of an information sampling through entanglement in space (undefined locality) and in time (undefined causality). From a postulate on the holographic nature of information, we show that Presentism is compatible with Relativity. We clarify how relativistic time intervals emerges, given an apparent absolute description of evolution, and mathematically derive time dilations from the information of undefined causality between events of collapse. We conclude with a suggestion of a quantum description of curved spacetime.
Mối quan hệ giữa chủ nghĩa dân tộc trong tiêu dùng, xu hướng sính ngoại và ý định mua hàng ngoại nhập của người tiêu dùng Việt Nam
Authors: Trung Tran Thanh , Lan Trần Thị Ngọc
Published: June 2023

Nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định mối quan hệ giữa chủ nghĩa dân tộc trong tiêu dùng, xu hướng sính ngoại đến ý định mua hàng ngoại nhập của người tiêu dùng Việt Nam. Kĩ thuật phân tích EFA, hồi quy bội được sử dụng để đánh giá vai trò trung gian, điều tiết của các biến trong mô hình. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy các nhân tố như: đánh giá giá trị hàng ngoại nhập, xu hướng sính ngoại, ảnh hưởng của xã hội, nhận thức kiểm soát hành vi có ảnh hưởng tích cực (+) đến ý định mua hàng ngoại nhập của người tiêu dùng và các nhân tố chủ nghĩa dân tộc trong tiêu dùng ảnh hưởng tiêu cực (-) đến ý định mua hàng ngoại nhập của người tiêu dùng Việt Nam. Trong đó, đánh giá giá trị hàng ngoại nhập và chủ nghĩa dân tộc trong tiêu dùng đóng vai trò trung gian trong mối quan hệ giữa xu hướng sính ngoại và ý định tiêu dùng hàng ngoại. Đồng thời, bản sắc dân tộc sẽ không ảnh hưởng đến chủ nghĩa dân tộc trong tiêu dùng và ý định mua hàng ngoại nhập của người tiêu dùng cũng được khẳng định qua nghiên cứu này.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: Current State and Future Perspectives
Authors: Niazi Ansab
Published: June 2023

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: Current State and FuturePerspectives
Hukum akad nikah olline dalam tinjauan fiqih kontemporer
Authors: muhammadfadlon  , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: June 2023

Abstract: as a relig as a religion that is very universal and as a way of life or as a way of life, Islam regulates all aspects of life and even provides guidance for all new phenomena that arise in society which sometimes makes Muslim people wonder about the law of new phenomena. the. One of the issues that I will discuss is contemporary, namely the law of online marriage contracts in a review of contemporary fiqh. In the 8past two years, due to the Covid virus that has spread among the public, and due to the increasingly sophisticated era, a lot of activities have been changed to online or online (in the network), as one example is teaching and learning activities in schools, finally being moved to their homes online. or online. Regarding the discussion of this online marriage contract, whether or not it is legal to carry out an online marriage contract is still doubted by the Muslim community. Because in Islam the implementation of the marriage contract must be ittihadul majlis (to be in one place), with a clear wording, and ittishal (to be continued between the consent and qabul directly), and many more that should be done when the marriage contract takes place, both from the pillars and conditions that must be met. So the purpose of this writing is to explain how the law of implementing marriage contracts is virtual or online. So that this problem can make the Muslim community understand and understand the law of implementing a virtual or online marriage contract.
Hukum BPJS dalam Islam
Authors: Abror Khoirul , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini membahas masalah BPJS Kesehatan antara lain pelayana terhadappengguna BPJS Kesehatan dan yang tidak menggunakan BPJS. Hal ini dilatari karenaadanya keluh kesah masyarakat yang menggunakan BPJS Kesehatan yang tidakmendapatkan pelayanan yang baik maka dari kami ingin melihat bagaimana pemerintahdalam Undang-Undang tentang BPJS Kesehatan ini dan bagaimana BPJS Kesehatanini dalam pandangan hukum islam sendiri. Hasil kajian ini yaitu pengertian BPJSKesehatan dalam Undang-Undang, lembaga-lembaga yang bersangkutan dengan BPJSKesehatan dan hukum islam terhadap BPJS Kesehatan itu sendiri yang manadibolehkan apabila tidak mengandung premi, gharar dan riba yaitu geratis, apabilamengngandung premi, gharar dan riba maka hukumnya haram.
Tugas essai Manejemen BMT
Authors: jannah Miftahul
Published: June 2023

Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil (BMT) terdiri dari dari dua frase Baitul Mal dan Baitul Tamwil, secara harfiah/lughowi Baitul Maal berarti rumah dana dan Baitul Tamwil berarti rumah usaha. Kedua pengertian tersebut memiliki makna yang berbeda dan dampak yang berbeda pula. Dari segi istilah Baitul Mal adalah rumah atau tempat yang mengelola harta yang dihimpun dari zakat, infaq dan shodaqoh dengan tujuan sosial sesuai aturan syariah. Sedangkan Baitul Tamwil adalah rumah atau tempat mengelola dana berupa tabungan masyarakat atau umat dan disalurkan dengan tujuan komersil.
Decoding the Dynamics of Climate Change Impact: Temporal Patterns of Surface Warming and Melting on the Nivlisen Ice Shelf, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
Authors: M Geetha Priya , K R Raghavendra , B Mahesh , C Rakshita , S Dhanush , S Sivaranjani , Venkatesh Krishna , M Narendra Kumar , Luis Alvarinho , A R Deva Jefflin
Published: June 2023

Surface melting in Antarctica can result in the formation of meltwater ponds and streams, which can encourage glacier basal sliding and ice flow; long-term severe surface melting can result in the formation of melt ponds and, eventually, supraglacial lakes (SGLs), raising the prospect of hydrofracturing. Measurements of these surface melting characteristics are useful for studying glacier and ice sheet dynamics and monitoring polar climate change. This work addresses a technical analysis of the dynamics of the Nivlisen ice shelf, East Antarctica, with a focus on multiple components such as melt ponds and SGL parameters (such as area, length, volume, and depth), seasonal surface melt extent, and surface ice flow velocity. For the austral summers of 2000-2023, data from the Landsat and Sentinel-1 have been used to analyze at both spatial and temporal scales. The overall area of melt ponds and SGLs remained relatively low (one square kilometers) during November and December from 2000 to 2014. For the austral summers of 2015-2023, a consistent melting pattern with increased formation of melt ponds and SGLs has been observed. Among the analyzed years, 2016, 2017, 2019, and 2020 have the greatest SGL depth. Maximum volume with progressive growth in the area in SGL was observed during 2008, 2016, and 2020. Understanding the relationship between velocity and basal melt is necessary to comprehend the dynamics of the ice shelf in terms of ice shelf stability and assess the influence of surface melt on seasonal ice velocity patterns. The data analysis showed that January had the most substantial melting, resulting in more significant velocity values. During 2000-2023, surface melt occurred in the southern and northwestern regions of the Nivlisen ice shelf. Our results emphasize the critical role of surface melt in driving ice shelf velocity. The results were validated using ground truth data collected over a melt pond in central Dronning Maud Land during the austral summer of 2022-2023 and verified with model-based results. The increase in depth and volume could significantly impact the integrity of the region's ice shelf. Surface melting conditions that are persistent and obvious will increase the formation of melt ponds and SGL, which accelerates ice flow and cause ice shelf destabilization. Continuous monitoring of the Antarctic shelves are necessary to access the impact of climate change.
Looking for a needle in a haystack: A machine-learning study of cognitive-behavioral constructs and symptoms for diagnosing single and comorbid anxiety disorders
Authors: Yoris Adrian , Deleglise Alvaro , del Cerro Josefina Pérez , Pascariello Guido , Donelly-Kehoe Patricio , Cetkovich Marcelo , Torrente Fernando
Published: June 2023

Anxiety disorders are prevalent and comorbid conditions, hindering diagnosis decisions. The assessment of anxiety commonly involves measuring symptom severity or utilizing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) constructs through self-report questionnaires. While both approaches have their limitations, combining the measurement of symptom severity and psychopathological constructs may offer a more comprehensive understanding of anxiety psychopathology. A total of 392 outpatients with anxiety disorders took part in a comprehensive clinical evaluation, which involved a structured interview (DSM's SCID-I) and a battery of self-report questionnaires assessing anxiety symptoms and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) constructs. The analysis focused on social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), as well as comorbid conditions. To examine the predictability of symptoms and constructs for diagnosing individual and comorbid conditions, supervised classification (Random Forest) and regression analyses (Elastic Nets) were employed. Results indicated that SAD and PD achieved high test accuracy rates of 87% and 83% respectively, while accuracy rates for OCD, GAD, and comorbidity were below 72%. Among the anxiety symptoms, those related to social interactions were the most informative feature for SAD, whereas the CBT construct of agoraphobic physical concerns was the most informative feature for PD. Regression analyses revealed significant associations between constructs and diagnosis for the entire sample, except for SAD. These findings highlight the importance of using self-report questionnaires that measure both anxiety symptoms and CBT constructs as valuable diagnostic tools for SAD and PD respectively. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.
It Counts in Every Single Lesson: Between- and Within-Person Associations Between Student-Perceived Teaching Quality and Student Self-Regulation
Authors: Blume Friederike , Schmiedek Florian
Published: June 2023

Background: The significant influence that classroom interactions have on the development of students’ self-regulation has been acknowledged for a long time. Nonetheless, past research has emphasised their impact on differences in self-regulation amongst students, without considering intra-individual variations. Aims: We examined whether there is a link between average and lesson-level student-perceived teaching quality, which includes student support, classroom management and cognitive activation, and student self-regulation in individual lessons. Moreover, we investigated whether the magnitude of the associations depended on students’ dispositional self-regulation.Sample: We analysed data collected from 61 students (recruited sample N = 64 students; Mage = 11.71, SDage = 0.93). who completed a baseline questionnaire (demographics, dispositional self-regulation) and 15 daily diaries.Methods: The students completed a baseline questionnaire (demographics, dispositional self-regulation) and 15 daily diaries. Additionally, they provided daily reports for 15 days, where they assessed their own self-regulation and the perceived quality of teaching in the final lesson of the day.Results: The findings revealed positive associations between student support and classroom management at both the average and lesson levels, as well as with student self-regulation during individual lessons. Conversely, no correlations were detected between the average and lesson level cognitive activation and student self-regulation during individual lessons. The aforementioned connections were not moderated by students’ dispositional self-regulation.Conclusions: The findings emphasise the role of both overall and lesson-level perceptions of student teaching quality in student self-regulation in general and in individual lessons.
Novel Concentric-Circle Technique Interrogates Implicit Category Learning
Authors: Qiu Tianhong Tim , Minda John Paul
Published: June 2023

Prototype, exemplar, and boundary models compete to explain representational-level abstractions during human category learning. Vast majority of previous work use linear categories structures to evaluate learning. We present the development of a novel, circular category structure and leverage it to explore limitations of prototype, exemplar and boundary models. We find that circular categories are readily learned by human participants, and the induced representation is most likely a quadratic boundary. We deductively eliminate prototype theories as an explanation of these circular categories and show that exemplar models, though viable, provide a weaker explanation than boundary models which are best fitted to the present data. These circular category structures offer a promising new technique to studying implicit category learning.
Improvements in Physical and Mechanical Properties of Asphalt by Addition of Low-cost Few-layers Graphene (FLG)
Authors: Amri Amun , Sugandi M. , Utami Syelvia Putri , Shalahuddin Muhammad , Saputro Sulistyo
Published: June 2023

Physical and mechanical properties of asphalt have been improved by adding of few-layers graphene (FLG). FLG was obtained from a simple, low-cost and environmentally friendly liquid shear exfoliation method using a kitchen blender. The melted asphalt at temperature of 150oC was mixed with FLG at various concentrations (10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml and 30 mg/ml) and contents (0 wt%, 3 wt%, 6 wt%, and 9 wt%) by weight of asphalt. The homogenized mixture was taken for penetration and softening point tests, while the mixing with aggregates was carried out for Marshall stability and asphalt concrete flow tests. The characteristics of void in mixture (VIM), void filled with asphalt (VFA), and void in mineral aggregate (VMA) were also investigated. The penetration values decreased (or the asphalt hardness increased) linearly with increasing of FLG concentration and FLG content. The softening point of asphalt increased as the increasing of FLG concentration and FLG content in asphalt with the average softening point increase of about 5%. The Marshall stability and asphalt concrete flow increased with increasing of FLG concentrations and FLG content. However, the addition of FLG did not affect the VIM, VFA or VMA values. Overall, the addition of FLG improves the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt and has promising prospects due to low-cost and eco-friendly nature of FLG.
Analysis of the Structure and Content of the Independent Curriculum on Basic Law of Chemistry
Authors: Elvira Sophia , Fitriza Zonalia
Published: June 2023

The independent curriculum is  a curriculum that  applies due to learning loss that occurred in the 2013 curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers do not understand the concept of the curriculum as a whole so that the independent curriculum is difficult to understand and accept. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the depth and breadth of the material in the independent curriculum. This study aims to describe the suitability of the structure and content of the independent curriculum on the basic law of chemistry material based on the revised bloom taxonomy, Dave and Dyers taxonomy and chemical standard textbooks. This type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. This study used a content structure analysis research design derived from the Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER). The results of the research obtained in structural analysis are: (1) the elements of chemical understanding are in accordance with the revised bloom taxonomy, (2) the element of process skills only dominates abstract skills, (3) the elements of the pancasila profile contain abstract skills and the realm of attitudes. Meanwhile, in the content analysis, namely: (1) the breadth of material in CP basic laws of chemistry is appropriate in the high school book from the Ministry of Education and Culture, (2) the depth of material there are some materials that are not suiTable based on the chemistry textbook written by Brady edition 7.
Performance of Insurance Agent Perspective of Work-Life Balance (WLB)
Authors: Jufri Ali , Kurniawan Pebi , Hadiwibowo Imam , Laelatul Qodriah Sari , Swarea Rae Ronald
Published: June 2023

This study explicates the aspects of work-life balance that occurred in the work environment during the Covid 19 pandemic. Covid-19 has changed the work patterns mostly carried out from home utilizing virtual media which in turn exert influence on the performances of the agent PT. BRI Cirebon Life Insurance. The quantitative method with descriptive and verification research types was applied in this study using the saturated sampling technique by employing all of the population. A total of 63 respondents of working agents at PT. BRI Cirebon Life Insurance were involved. The data analysis technique was focused on analyzing the multiple linear regression, the coefficient of determination, the simultaneous, and the partial aspects. The calculation method is supported by the use of the SPSS 25 program. The results obtained from this study pinpoint that job performances were significantly affected by each dimension of Work-Life Balance (WLB) such as the Time Balance, the Involvement Balance, and the Satisfaction Balance. In addition, those three aspects simultaneously and significantly influence the employees’ performances. At last, the findings signify that delays in awarding and the time flexibility impeded the performance of the agents. Some proposed actions are recommended to help the employees work optimally.
THE LOGISTICS COMPONENT IN THE EXPORT ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF GRAIN TRADERS UNDER GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY
Authors:   National University «Odesa Law Academy», Kibik Olha , Kovyrkina Oleksandra ,   Odesа Polytechnic National university
Published: June 2023

In the conditions of intensification of globalization and integration processes, the majority of economic agents are active participants in foreign economic activity. Export-oriented activity is a component of foreign economic activity.The purpose of the article is to study the development potential of logistics support in the system of managing export activities of business structures, in particular grain traders, in the conditions of the threats of the global environment and the challenges of today.The study is based on the use of general scientific and special scientific methods of scientific knowledge. The method of system analysis was used to study the preconditions for the development of theUkrainian export-oriented business structures. The system-structural method was used to study basic measures to develop startup projects.Export-oriented Ukrainian business structures have to develop a system of managing their activities. This allows them to maintain the level of competitiveness in difficult conditions, including war and global insignificance. The prerequisites of increasing global uncertainty for export-oriented business structures, changes in exchange rates, political instability, changes in tariffs and other fees, changes in the market conjuncture are indicated in the article. The results of Ukraine's export activity have been analyzed. Economic, political-legal, social-cultural, technical, natural-climatic factors influence on export activity of a business structure. Peculiarities and problems of the functioning of export-oriented enterprises of wholesale trade in agricultural raw materials, in particular grain traders, are highlighted. It is substantiated that the logistics potential is a prerequisite for securing the competitiveness of export-oriented business structures in conditions of global uncertainty. The development of the logistics potential of grain exporters has a positive effect on the latest financial performance and growth results. The expediency of expanding the scope of using the concept of training in logistical support of the export activity of Ukrainian business structures is substantiated. The conditions and features of the activation of digitalization opportunities and the use of social networks by export-oriented enterprises of wholesale trade in agricultural raw materials, in particular grain traders, have been investigated. The development of tools for adapting the export potential of wholesalers of agricultural raw materials to the factors of changes in the global environment, which is a prerequisite for their safe functioning, will be the subject of further research. Keywords: export activity, business structure, grain traders, logistics, global uncertainty.
The True Cost of Financialization: Housing, Human Rights, and Climate Change
Authors: Perucca Julieta , Freeman Sam , Farha Leilani
Published: June 2023

Local governments can play a pivotal role in the fight against the housing and climate crisis. Through their actions they can deliver healthy, happy, inclusive, sustainable cities, which ensure the protection of our environment. While this is clearly an essential enterprise, it will be no mean feat. To succeed will require a fundamental reimagination of our current housing system and the investment structures behind it.

Globally, housing has become increasingly financialized. Rather than being treated as a fundamental human right—a place where individuals, families, and communities can live in peace, security, and dignity—housing is often primarily valued as a vehicle for generating wealth ( Farha, 2017 ).

Real estate investment has transformed into an extractive industry ( Sassen, 2014 ). It incentivizes the construction of housing, generating greater levels of greenhouse gas emissions, while increasing rents and housing costs, all as a means of generating profit ( Farha et al., 2022 ). To protect our societies and our planet, governments must create policy frameworks that affirm housing as a fundamental human right and centralize the environment, thereby shifting housing investment toward more regenerative practices that contribute to the provision of decent, affordable, and sustainable housing for all. This Policy Guidelines article explores three ways in which the financialization of housing is negatively impacting both the climate and the right to housing and provides policy recommendations based on The Shift Directives: From Financialized to Human Rights Based Housing, to support governments in developing human rights-based policy that can address the climate and housing crises.