bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of gemcitabine-related acute lipodermatosclerosis
Authors: Nyckowski Tim , McGregor Sean , Huang William W
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat several solid organ malignancies. The most common cutaneous toxicities are a mild erythematous rash and pruritus, which are often attributed to infectious etiologies. However, certain clinical characteristics may favor a drug-related reaction. Clinicians should recognize these phenomena to avoid potentially unnecessary antibiotic treatment or withdrawal of chemotherapeutic agents.

Objective

We aim to report a case of gemcitabine-related acute lipodermatosclerosis-like eruption, add to the evolving classification of this condition, and highlight developing literature on gemcitabine that may explain this toxicity.

Case

Dermatology was consulted for presumed cellulitis in a 62-year-old female with pancreatic carcinoma. The patient presented to the emergency department five days after her first dose of gemcitabine with erythema in both lower extremities. A diagnosis of gemcitabine-related acute lipodermatosclerosis was made and the patient was started on topical triamcinolone.

Conclusion

It is important to recognize gemcitabine-related acute lipodermatosclerosis in order to avoid unnecessary antibiotic use and disruptions in chemotherapy.
The Intersection of Behavioral Science and Digital Health: The Case for Academic–Industry Partnerships
Authors: Hingle Melanie , Patrick Heather , Sacher Paul M. , Sweet Cynthia Castro
Published: July 2018

A decade after the first health app became available, the field of digital health has produced a range of health behavior insights and an expanding product portfolio. Despite sustained interest and growth fueled by academic and industry interests, the impact of digital health on health behavior change and related outcomes has been limited. This underperformance relative to expectations may be partially attributed to a gap between industry and academia in which both seek to develop technology-driven solutions but fail to converge around respective, unique strengths. An opportunity exists for new and improved collaborative models of research, innovation, and care delivery that disrupt the field of behavioral medicine and benefit academic and industry interests. For those partnerships to thrive, recognizing key differences between academic and industry roles may help smooth the path. Here we speak specifically to concerns particular to academics and offer suggestions for how to navigate related challenges.
Buckling of sandwich panels with transversely flexible core: Correction of the equivalent single-layer model using thick-faces effect
Authors: Jelovica J , Romanoff J
Published: July 2018

Modeling a periodic structure as a homogeneous continuum allows for an effective structural analysis. This approach represents a sandwich panel as a two-dimensional plate of equivalent stiffness. Known as the equivalent single-layer, the method is used here to analyze bifurcation buckling of three types of sandwich panels with unidirectional stiffeners in the core: truss-core, web-core and corrugated-core panels made of an isotropic material. The transverse shear stiffnesses of these panels can differ by several orders of magnitude, which cause incorrect buckling analysis when using the equivalent single-layer model with the first-order shear deformation theory. Analytical solution of the problem predicts critical buckling loads that feature infinite number of half-waves in the direction perpendicular to the stiffeners. Finite element model also predicts buckling modes that have non-physical, saw-tooth shape with infinite curvature at nodes. However, such unrealistic behavior is not observed when using detailed three-dimensional finite element models. The error in the prediction of the critical buckling load is up to 85% for the cases considered here. The correction of the equivalent single-layer model is proposed by modeling the thick-faces effect to ensure finite curvature. This is performed in the finite element setting by introducing an additional plate with tied deflections to the equivalent single-layer plate. The extra plate is represented with bending and transverse shear stiffness of the face plates. As a result, global buckling is predicted accurately. Guidelines are proposed to identify the sandwich panels where ordinary model is incorrect. Truss-core and web-core sandwich panels need the correction. Corrugated-core panels without a gap between plates in the core have smaller shear orthotropy and do not need the correction. Modeling the thick-faces effect ensures correct results for all cases considered in this study, and thus one should resort to this approach in case of uncertainty whether the ordinary equivalent single-layer model is valid.
The case of the middle class: Social determinants of health in Mumbai
Authors: Kulkarni Mrinmoyi
Published: July 2018

In India, a growing middle class and rising lifestyle diseases put prevention in the spotlight. This study assesses the impact of health behaviors (tobacco use and exercise) as well as psychological states (positive emotional style, hope, and perceived stress) on the health of 314 middle class participants from Mumbai. Logistic regression predicting objective health revealed that positive emotional style was a protective factor. Linear regression predicting perceived health indicated perceived stress and positive emotional style as the significant factors. An intersectional approach focusing on psychological factors and health behaviors, nested within class and gender, will lead to effective preventive strategies.
The expression of neurological soft signs in two African populations with first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Ojagbemi Akin , Chiliza Bonginkosi , Bello Toyin , Asmal Laila , Esan Oluyomi , Emsley Robin , Gureje Oye
Published: July 2018

Information about patterns of expression of neurological soft signs (NSS) in schizophrenia among individuals belonging to the same genetic ancestry may provide new insight for the understanding of the disease’s genetic functions. This study aimed to investigate whether patterns of NSS expression in first episode schizophrenia are comparable in populations with dissimilar genetic ancestry. A sample of 207 patients with first episode schizophrenia were examined using the Neurological Evaluation Scale before they were exposed to anti-psychotics. They were allocated to two African ancestry groups: Black (81 Yoruba Nigerians, and 18 Xhosa South Africans), and non-Black (98 Coloured, and 10 White South Africans). Assessments were carried out using validated measures of clinical characteristics of schizophrenia. We determined the frequency, severity, factor structure, and association of NSS with clinical characteristics. Factor derived categories were compared using the Pearson’s ( r) and Tucker’s congruence methods. The associations between factor derived categories and clinical characteristics of schizophrenia were determined using Pearson’s correlations and multiple regression analyses. Neurological soft signs were more frequent and more severe in the Black African ancestry group. Also, the factor structure and presentation of NSS in the two ancestry groups were significantly different. Neurological soft signs, especially motor sequencing and cognitive-perceptual abnormalities, were independently associated with disorganization psychopathologies in all the participant groups. Differences in the profile of NSS in Black compared with non-Black African ancestry patients with first episode schizophrenia may suggest differing patterns of expression of NSS in schizophrenia according to genetic ancestry.
Debunking a myth: The Greek language in Cyprus is not being destroyed. A linguistic analysis of Cypriot Greek–English codeswitching
Authors: Fotiou Constantina
Published: July 2018

Aims and objectives:

This paper examines Cypriot Greek–English codeswitching practices by Cypriot-born Greek Cypriots and investigates its linguistic forms, functions and codeswitching types. It also assesses the frequency of English in the data.

Methodology:

The data consist of authentic, informal conversations. Codeswitching is regarded as the use of two languages by one speaker in a single conversation, so established borrowings were excluded from the analysis. For assessing frequency, a word-count was conducted and for data analysis the distinction between insertions and alternations was used.

Data and analysis:

Forty hours of naturally occurring conversations among Greek Cypriots were studied. Data are categorised according to codeswitching types, linguistic forms and functions of English.

Findings/conclusions:

Quantitatively, English use is limited. Thus claims for excessive use of English are unfounded. Structurally, codeswitching mainly takes the form of English insertions in a Cypriot Greek grammatical structure. Most codeswitching is intra-sentential, with mostly English nouns and noun phrases used. Single-word switching is more frequent than multi-word switching.

Originality:

This study, to the author’s knowledge, is the first thorough documentation of oral Cypriot Greek–English codeswitching by Greek Cypriots born and raised in Cyprus and the first study addressing the assertions for the ‘destruction of the Greek language in Cyprus’ using a large sample of empirical data.

Significance/implications:

As Greek Cypriots’ native language but not the standard official language of the state, Cypriot Greek has been accused of being ‘susceptible’ to a heavy use of English because it supposedly lacks the richness of Standard Modern Greek. This work shows that such heavy use is only in the mind of purists and that claims about Cypriot Greek speakers’ linguistic deficit on the basis of purported dense codeswitching are unfounded.
Effect of overseas parental employment migration on healthcare seeking for common childhood illnesses and nutritional status among left-behind young children: A systematic review
Authors: Kunwar Ritu , Lamichhane Prabhat , Vajdic Claire , Muscatello David J
Published: July 2018

We aimed to examine the available evidence on the impact of overseas parental migration on healthcare seeking for common childhood illnesses and the nutritional status of children left-behind under five years of age. A systematic review of English language articles was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE, supplemented by a manual search of grey literature and reference lists. There were no studies examining the association between overseas parental migration and healthcare seeking for common childhood illnesses. We found three cross-sectional surveys examining the association with an indicator of nutritional status. We observed mixed findings from the available studies. The results indicated that children left-behind may have positive, negative or null effects on their nutritional status. There was insufficient information available to draw conclusions on the magnitude and direction of the association between overseas parental migration and its effect on either healthcare seeking for common childhood illnesses or the nutritional status of left-behind children. The association, if any, may be context or country dependent. Prospective studies are needed to address this important knowledge gap.
Moral foundations explain unique variance in political ideology beyond resistance to change and opposition to equality
Authors: Yilmaz Onurcan , Saribay S. Adil
Published: July 2018

Moral foundations theory (MFT), while inspiring much empirical work, has been the target of both methodological and theoretical criticism. One important criticism of MFT is that, in its attempt to explain variability in political ideology, it only repackages the core motives (resistance to change and opposition to equality) and does not actually provide additional explanatory potential. Indeed, some previous studies show that moral foundations do not explain variability in ideology beyond other relevant variables, and that the relation between moral foundations and political orientation is mediated by other ideological variables. In the present research, we examined whether moral foundations can explain variability beyond the core motives in samples from Turkey and the United States. Contrary to some previous findings, we found that moral foundations explain unique variance in general, social, and economic conservatism. These findings suggest that the moral foundations proposed by MFT cannot be reduced to other variables that have been used in the literature to measure ideological proclivities.
Numerical evaluation of a deeply buried pipe testing facility
Authors: Mai Van Thien , Hoult Neil , Moore Ian
Published: July 2018

A new facility for testing pipes under deep burial has been developed. However, before the facility was commissioned, the influence of the loading scheme and boundary conditions on the pipe behaviour was investigated so that the most appropriate experimental setup could be developed. Two- and three-dimensional finite element analyses were used to assess the impact of the top and side boundary conditions on both flexible and rigid pipes with varying diameters. The vertical overburden pressures expected in the field are simulated using actuators applying vertical forces to two steel grillages. The numerical results show that the use of two independent grillages on the surface produced a more uniformly distributed ‘overburden’ pressure, a novel approach that performs significantly better than previous loading systems. Proximity of the test facility’s walls to the pipes was also investigated and found to have less than a 0.2% impact on pipe response when compared to simulations of field geometries. Results examining five different approaches to reducing the effect of sidewall friction were compared to the case of zero friction (i.e. the field case), and it was found that while lubricating the wall to create a friction angle of 5° over the full height produced the most accurate results, lubrication of only the top 2.5 m of the wall also produces thrust forces and bending moments within 10% of values from the zero-friction case. Finally, the effect of the position of the pipe within the test cell was investigated, where pipe testing with 0.3 m of bedding is expected to produce results like those for pipes close to rock foundations in the field. These results are already being used to inform testing procedures using this unique facility.
Bayesian network-based modal frequency–multiple environmental factors pattern recognition for the Xinguang Bridge using long-term monitoring data
Authors: Mu He-Qing , Zheng Zhen-Jie , Wu Xiao-Huan , Su Cheng
Published: July 2018

Modal frequency is an important indicator reflecting the health status of a structure. Numerous investigations have shown that its fluctuations are related to the changing environmental factors. Thus, modelling the modal frequency–multiple environmental factors relation is essential for making reliable inference in structural health monitoring. In this study, the Bayesian network (BN)-based algorithm is developed for recognizing the pattern between modal frequency and multiple environmental factors. Different candidates of network structure of the BN are proposed to describe the possible statistical relations of different variables. In the BN-based pattern recognition, the learning phase conducts uncertainty quantification in both parameter and model levels; and the prediction phase makes inference under complete and incomplete observed information. Based on the long-term monitoring data, the most plausible network structure is selected, and its associated parameters are identified. The developed algorithm is then utilized for analyzing the long-term monitoring data (modal frequencies, temperature, humidity, wind speed and traffic volume) of the Xinguang Bridge (a 782-m three-span half-through arch bridge). It turns out that the selected network structure properly captures the pattern of modal frequency–multiple environmental factors.
Optimization of carbamylation conditions and study on the effects on the product ions of carbamylation and dual modification of the peptide by Q-TOF MS
Authors: Guo Cheng , Guo Xuefeng , Zhao Lei , Chen Dandan , Wang Jin , Sun Jia
Published: July 2018

Modified peptides fragmented by collision-induced dissociation can offer additional sequence information, which is beneficial for the de novo sequencing of peptides. Here, the model peptide VQGESNDLK was carbamylated. The optimal conditions were as follows: temperature of 90℃, pH of 7, and the time of 60 min. Then, we studied the b- and y-series ions of the native, carbamylated, and dual-modified peptides. The results were as follows. The short carbamylated peptides (≤10 amino acid residues) produced more b-series ions (including b1 ion). The long carbamylated peptides (>10 amino acid residues) produced additional b1 ion but fewer y-series ions (especially in the high-mass region). The short dual-modified peptides produced more b-series ions (including b1 ion) and more y-series ions, and their peptide sequence coverage was almost 100%. The long dual-modified peptides produce b1 ion and more y-series ions, and their peptide sequence coverage was nearly above 90%. Therefore, both carbamylation and the dual modification method could be used to identify the N-terminal amino acid, and the dual modification method was also excellent for the de novo sequencing of the tryptic peptides.
The zone of parental discretion and the complexity of paediatrics: A response to Alderson
Authors: McDougall Rosalind , Gillam Lynn , Spriggs Merle , Delany Clare
Published: July 2018

Alderson critiques our recent book on the basis that it overlooks children’s own views about their medical treatment. In this response, we discuss the complexity of the paediatric clinical context and the value of diverse approaches to investigating paediatric ethics. Our book focuses on a specific problem: entrenched disagreements between doctors and parents about a child’s medical treatment in the context of a paediatric hospital. As clinical ethicists, our research question arose from clinicians’ concerns in practice: What should a clinician do when he or she thinks that parents are choosing a treatment pathway that does not serve the child’s best interests? Alderson’s work, in contrast, focuses on the much broader issue of children’s role in decision-making about treatment and research. We argue that these different types of work are zooming in on different aspects of paediatric ethics, with its complex mix of agents, issues and relationships. Paediatric ethics overall needs a rich mix of approaches, investigating a range of different focal problems in order to further understanding. The zone of parental discretion is not incompatible with valuing children’s rights and views; its focus is a different element of a complex whole.
General practitioners’ ethical decision-making: Does being a patient themselves make a difference?
Authors: Hall Katherine Helen , Michael Jessica , Jaye Chrystal , Young Jessica
Published: July 2018

There is very little literature on the actual decision-making frameworks used by general practitioners with respect to ethical issues and virtually none on the impact of personal experiences of illness on this. This study aimed to investigate what these frameworks might be and if and how they were altered by doctors’ own illness experience. Twenty general practitioners were recruited, 10 having had a previous serious medical illness and 10 having no such history. They participated in a semi-structured interview, including case vignettes, recorded and analysed using qualitative thematic analysis. Being a patient themselves altered general practitioners’ decision-making by enhancing physician empathy, increasing ease at discussing difficult topics, having a greater willingness to support patient choice and a wider ability to provide a greater diversity of therapeutic strategies, with the role of empathy being the most noticeable difference between the groups. Doctors who had not had a severe personal illness showed difficulty in anticipating how this might change their decision-making. Virtue ethics was most commonly used for decision-making by both groups. There was considerable divergence of opinion on the ethics and usefulness of self-disclosure of personal illness in both groups of doctors. These findings have implications for the teaching and learning of medical ethics at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.
Hi, I Want to Talk to You About Your Progress: A Large Course Intervention for At-Risk College Students
Authors: Espinoza Penelope , Genna Gaspare M.
Published: July 2018

Performance during the first year of college and in introductory courses has been widely identified as critical to college students’ retention and success. Accordingly, interventions to assist beginning college students in gateway courses have gained increased attention in higher education. This study tested such an intervention using learning analytics and early performance feedback in large introductory courses, with comparison between course sections not exposed to the intervention. Distinct from other research, the present study replicated the efficacy of the intervention across 2 years, in multiple course subjects, and with different instructors at a 4-year Hispanic-serving institution. Importantly, findings also showed that high-risk college students especially benefitted from the intervention in terms of both achievement and persistence. Based on these findings, recommendations are made to higher education administrators about the potential gains to students when they are provided with early, consistent, and individualized feedback in all courses, made feasible by current technology.
Differences in Balance Function Between Cancer Survivors and Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study
Authors: Morishita Shinichiro , Mitobe Yuta , Tsubaki Atsuhiro , Aoki Osamu , Fu Jack B. , Onishi Hideaki , Tsuji Tetsuya
Published: July 2018

Older adults who have survived cancer experience significantly more falls compared with healthy adults. Adult cancer survivors may also have a lower balance function than healthy adults. We examined muscle strength and balance function among 19 cancer survivors and 14 healthy subjects. The mean age of the cancer survivors was 51.5 ± 11.2 years; 6 men and 13 women. Cancer diagnoses included breast cancer, retroperitoneal sarcoma, acute leukemia, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, Ewing’s sarcoma, and tongue cancer. The mean age of healthy subjects was 47.4 ± 14 years; 3 men, 11 women. Muscle strength was assessed using hand grip and knee extensor strength tests. Balance function was evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and body sway was tested using a force platform. No significant differences were found with respect to right and left grip strength or right and left knee extension strength between the 2 groups. A significantly higher TUG time was observed in cancer survivors than in healthy subjects ( P < .05). With eyes open, the area of the center of pressure was significantly larger in cancer survivors than in healthy subjects ( P < .05). Similarly, the length per area was significantly lower both with eyes open and closed for cancer survivors than for healthy subjects ( P < .05). TUG was significantly correlated with muscle strength in both groups ( P < .05). However, no body sway parameters were related to muscle strength in either group. Cancer survivors had lower balance function that might not have been related to muscle strength. Cancer survivors should be evaluated for balance function as there is a potential for impairment. The findings of this study will be relevant for planning the prevention of falls for cancer survivors.
Quantification of Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI) Comparable With 3-D PET Standard Measurements
Authors: Habte Frezghi , Natarajan Arutselvan , Paik David S. , Gambhir Sanjiv Sam
Published: July 2018

Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is commonly performed using two-dimensional (2-D) conventional optical imaging systems for its cost-effective solution. However, quantification of CLI comparable to conventional three-dimensional positron emission tomography (PET) is challenging using these systems due to both the high attenuation of Cerenkov radiation (CR) on mouse tissue and nonexisting depth resolution of CLI using 2-D imaging systems (2-D CLI). In this study, we developed a model that estimates effective tissue attenuation coefficient and corrects the tissue attenuation of CLI signal intensity independent of tissue depth and size. To evaluate this model, we used several thin slices of ham as a phantom and placed a radionuclide (89Zr and 64Cu) inside the phantom at different tissue depths and sizes (2, 7, and 12 mm). We performed 2-D CLI and MicroPET/CT (Combined small animal PET and Computed Tomography (CT)) imaging of the phantom and in vivo mouse model after administration of 89Zr tracer. Estimates of the effective tissue attenuation coefficient (μeff) for 89Zr and 64Cu were ∼2.4 and ∼2.6 cm−1, respectively. The computed unit conversion factor to %ID/g from 2-D CLI signal was 2.74 × 10−3 μCi/radiance estimated from phantom study. After applying tissue attenuation correction and unit conversion to the in vivo animal study, an average quantification difference of 10% for spleen and 35% for liver was obtained compared to PET measurements. The proposed model provides comparable quantification accuracy to standard PET system independent of deep tissue CLI signal attenuation.
Decoloniality and the Humanities: Possibilities and Predicaments
Authors: García Romeo
Published: July 2018

The humanities continue to witness a decolonial turn. The decolonial project is radical and dangerous because it is an epistemic, political, and ethical project that marches toward a vision of humanity-in-difference. The exhaustion of the episteme, border, and oppositional consciousness politics, though, exposes limitations and indicates the difficulty in actually doing decolonial work. This essay traces decolonial discourse and focuses on its affordances, as well as its predicaments. This has implications for research and teaching.
Transforming Transformative Education Through Ontologies of Relationality
Authors: Lange Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2018

It has been charged that transformative learning theory is stagnating; however, theoretical insights from relational ontologies offer significant possibilities for revitalizing the field. Quantum physics has led to a deep revision in our understanding of the universe moving away from the materialism and mechanism of classical physics. Some scientists observe that this shifting view of reality is catalyzing a profound cultural transformation. They have also noted significant intersections between the New Science and North American Indigenous philosophies as well as Eastern mysticism, all relational ontologies. These intersections as well as the theory of agential realism of Karen Barad, feminist physicist, are used to propose a next generation of transformative learning theory, one that is embedded in ontologies of relationality. The author came to relational ontology through environmental and sustainability education. This fruitful cross-fertilization helps illuminate a transformative approach to sustainability education or transformative sustainability education—which has not yet been explicitly theorized. Relationality demands an ethical, ontological, and epistemological transformation. The six criteria that emerge in the overlap between quantum physics, living systems theory from ecology, and Indigenous philosophies can reframe our understandings of transformative education, particularly toward socially just and regenerative cultures, completing the work of unfinished justice and climate movements. Pertinent to adult educators, Naomi Klein (2014) asks, “History knocked on your door, did you answer?” (p. 466).
Botulinum Toxin Conditioning Enhances Motor Axon Regeneration in Mouse and Human Preclinical Models
Authors: Franz Colin K. , Puritz Alyssa , Jordan Lewis A. , Chow Jeffrey , Ortega J. Alberto , Kiskinis Evangelos , Heckman Charles J.
Published: July 2018

Background. Peripheral axon regeneration is improved when the nerve lesion under consideration has recently been preceded by another nerve injury. This is known as the conditioning lesion effect (CLE). While the CLE is one of the most robust and well characterized means to enhance motor axon regeneration in experimental models, it is not considered a clinically feasible strategy. A pharmacological means to re-produce the CLE is highly desirable. Objective. To test whether chemodenervation with a clinical grade formulation of botulinum toxin A (BoTX) would be sufficient to reproduce the CLE. Methods. We examined the effects of a 1-week preconditioning administration of BoTX on motor axon regrowth in both a mouse tibial nerve injury and human embryonic stem cell (hESC)–based model. We assessed neuronal reinnervation in vivo (mice) with retrograde tracers and histological analysis of peripheral nerve tissue after injections into the triceps surae muscle group. We assessed motor neuron neurite outgrowth in vitro (hESC) after incubation in BoTX by immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis. Results. We found that BoTX conditioning treatment significantly enhanced outgrowth of both murine motor axons in vivo and human MN neurites in vitro. Conclusions. BoTX preconditioning represents a pharmacological candidate approach to enhance motor axon regeneration in specific clinical scenarios such as nerve transfer surgery. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism.
Physical Activity Among Israeli-Arab Adolescent Males: How Do Parenting Styles Matter?
Authors: Yaffe Yosi
Published: July 2018

Physical activity contains many benefits for adolescents’ physical and mental health, and also for building healthy living routines and habits for the future. The current study examined the associations between parenting styles and adolescents’ physical activity among Israeli-Arab families of male adolescents, in seeking to boost the limited information on this most important topic. Participants consisted of 177 male Israeli-Arab adolescents ( M = 13.93, SD = 1.42) with normal weight. Controlling for the participants’ age, weight, and grades in school, parenting styles explained about 30% of the variance in the participants’ reports of their physical activity, with the authoritative and authoritarian parenting inversely correlated with the latter variable. Adolescents who perceived their parents as authoritative were reportedly more physically active than their counterparts who perceived their parents as authoritarian. In common with previous studies, the findings suggest that authoritative parenting may be a cross-culturally preferable style in fostering a desired physical activity rate among adolescents.
Development of key-dependent dynamic S-Boxes with dynamic irreducible polynomial and affine constant
Authors: Agarwal Praveen , Singh Amandeep , Kilicman Adem
Published: July 2018

In recent years, the need to develop advanced information technology systems in the area of mechanical engineering has been growing continuously to deliver better product quality at reduced cost. Embedding the electronics and software with machines transform them into smart machines sophistically called mechatronic. These software-oriented machines collect big data using sensors and other electronics and share among other smart machines, which further helps them in controlling the manufacturing processes, decision-making, and even in maintenance. Machine-to-machine sharing of data involves the risk of data stealing or modification, which may further disrupt the working of manufacturing process and leads to poor quality product. For data security, block ciphers like advanced encryption standard are needed. Advanced encryption standard is an encryption algorithm which is widely used to provide security to sensitive information by organizations. The main core of advanced encryption standard is its non-liner component that is S-Box, which is also called substitution table. The S-Box provides confusion capabilities in algorithm. The point of interest for cryptanalysis and hackers is S-Box, which is fixed in case of advanced encryption standard. Cryptanalysis and hackers exploit this weakness of advanced encryption standard. Many researchers tried to modify S-Box using different techniques. In this article, we tried to create dynamic S-Boxes which are key-dependent and, at the same time, they are using dynamic irreducible polynomial and affine constant.
Ghosts of other stories: A synthesis of hauntology, crime and space
Authors: Fiddler Michael
Published: July 2018

Criminology has long sought to illuminate the lived experience of those at the margins. More recently, there has been a turn towards the spatial in the discipline. This article sets out an analytical framework that synthesizes spatial theory with hauntology. We demonstrate how a given space’s violent histories can become embedded in the texts that constitute it and the language that describes it. The art installation Die Familie Schneider is used as an example of how the incorporation of social trauma can lead to the formation of a spatial ‘crypt’. Cracking open this ‘crypt’ allows us to draw out Derrida’s notion of the spectre within the context of a ‘haunted’ city space.
The role of inflammation in the association between gestational diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea: A pilot study
Authors: Bublitz MH , Carpenter M , Amin S , Okun ML , Millman R , De La Monte SM , Bourjeily G
Published: July 2018

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with pregnancy complications including gestational diabetes. Mechanisms underlying the association between obstructive sleep apnea and gestational diabetes remain to be elucidated.

Methods

Twenty-three participants with gestational diabetes underwent home sleep apnea testing. Obstructive sleep apnea was defined as an apnea hypopnea index > 5. Fasting morning blood samples were measured using multianalyte profiling (xMAP) multiplexed bead array immunoassay for Interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and Interleukin 8.

Results

Age, body mass index, and gestational age at enrollment were 31 + 4.4 years, 35.7 + 7.4 kg/m2, and 28 ± 4 weeks, respectively. Participants were 52% Caucasian and 16% had obstructive sleep apnea. We observed positive correlations between apnea hypopnea index and Interleukin 6 (r = 0.62, p = 0.005), Interleukin 8 (r = 0.56, p = .56), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (r = .58, p = .009). Women with obstructive sleep apnea had higher levels of Interleukin 6 (F = 5.01, p = .037) and Interleukin 8 (F = 6.33, p = .021) vs. women without obstructive sleep apnea.

Conclusion

These preliminary results indicate that in women with gestational diabetes, apnea hypopnea index is associated with an elevated inflammatory profile.
Outcomes of adult urethroplasty with commercially available acellular matrix
Authors: Pearlman Amy Marcia , Mujumdar Vaidehi , McAbee Kara Elizabeth , Terlecki Ryan Patrick
Published: July 2018

Background:

Reconstruction for complex urethral strictures may necessitate grafting. Buccal mucosal graft (BMG) harvest involves additional morbidity, making ‘off-the-shelf’ options attractive. Multiple extracellular matrices (ECMs) have been used with varying degrees of success. We reviewed our experience with MatriStem (ACell, Inc., Columbia, MD, USA) to assess safety and clinical/histologic outcomes.

Methods:

All patients undergoing acellular matrix-based reconstruction were included. Data regarding indications for surgery, patient demographics, subsequent procedures, clinical outcomes, and histologic analysis, when present, were collected.

Results:

Eight patients undergoing urethral reconstruction with ECM were identified. All repairs were performed as staged procedures. Grafting was performed with either MatriStem alone or MatriStem and concomitant BMG. Seven patients (88%) underwent prior endoscopic intervention and five patients (71%) had failed to respond to one or multiple prior urethroplasties. Length of involved segments ranged from 2.5 to 15 cm. ECM graft placement was feasible and demonstrated excellent graft take. Among patients undergoing second-stage repairs (four of eight, 50%), 50% remained patent without the need for subsequent dilation.

Conclusions:

Use of acellular matrix grafts in urethral reconstruction appears safe and feasible. Acellular matrix performs similarly to BMG with respect to graft take and contraction following staged repair. Further study is warranted.
Focus on fathers: paternal depression in the perinatal period
Authors: Glasser S , Lerner-Geva L
Published: July 2018

Aims:

This report aims to present a concise overview and synthesis of current research findings regarding paternal depression in the perinatal period.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted, primarily via PubMed and PsychNET, for English-language research studies and meta-analyses using combinations of the terms ‘perinatal’, ‘pregnancy’, ‘postpartum’, ‘depression’ AND ‘fathers’ OR ‘paternal’. Peer-reviewed articles were considered, and a representative sample of literature, with an emphasis on recent publications from a broad range of populations was summarized for each of the following sub-sections: prevalence, risk factors, impact on the infant/child, and healthcare costs.

Results:

Reported prevalence has ranged from 2.3% to 8.4%, with a significant degree of heterogeneity in rates, due to differences in multiple aspects of the methodology (timing, instruments, etc.). Nevertheless, rates of maternal depression remain higher than paternal depression, and higher rates of one are associated with higher rates of the other. The primary risk factors for paternal depression are maternal depression and the father’s history of severe depression, or symptoms of depression or anxiety prenatally. Biological mechanisms may underlie paternal depression, with changes reported in testosterone, cortisol and prolactin levels during this period. Paternal depression has been related to children’s behavioral, emotional and social function at 36 months and psychiatric disorders at 7 years, adjusting for maternal depression. Healthcare costs may also be impacted by paternal postpartum depression, with higher father–child dyad costs found after controlling for potential confounders.

Conclusions:

Focusing on fathers’ emotional well-being in the perinatal period is important in itself, as well as for their wives and children. Programs recommending screening for maternal perinatal mood and anxiety disorders should include inquiry regarding the father’s emotional state, and if his distress is reported it should be clarified and followed-up by support and intervention as necessary.
C-Si hybrid photonic structures by full infiltration of conjugated polymers into porous silicon rugate filters
Authors: Robbiano Valentina , Surdo Salvatore , Minotto Alessandro , Canazza Giancarlo , Lazzerini G Mattia , Mian Shabbir M , Comoretto Davide , Barillaro Giuseppe , Cacialli Franco
Published: July 2018

Loading of one-dimensional (1-D) porous silicon photonic crystals (PS-PhCs), known as rugate filters, with luminescent materials is generally limited by the potential for (undesired) “pore clogging,” in relation to the size of the nanoparticles (e.g. quantum dots) or molecular species, and so far mainly restricted to small molecular weight materials or small nanocrystals, or in situ polymerized dyes. Here we report the infiltration 1-D PS-PhCs with a green-emitting commercial luminescent polymer (F8BT, poly[(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4,8-diyl)]), with a molecular weight of approximately 46 kDa across their whole depth (approximately 7.5 μm), thereby showing that pore clogging is not a concern for these structures. We also characterize the modification of the photoluminescence (PL) and decay rates, and investigate the detailed inner morphology of the filters with the help of (scanning) transmission electron microscopy. We observe both suppression (in the stop-band) and enhancement (at the high-energy band-edge) of the PL. We also find that the photonic stop-band is red-shifted after polymer infiltration, due to the increased effective refractive index of the polymer-infiltrated nanostructured system. The presence of just one unbroadened peak in the reflectance spectra after infiltration confirms that infiltration extends for the whole depth of the rugate filters.
Ideology Between the Lines: Lay Inferences About Scientists’ Values and Motives
Authors: Hannikainen Ivar R.
Published: July 2018

While philosophers emphasize the distinction between description and prescription, in practice people’s beliefs about contentious issues seem to reflect their normative commitments. Less is known about the way that people infer others’ ideology from their reports about matters of fact. In the context of scientific research on the heritability of intelligence, scientists’ normative views (Study 1a) and motives (Study 2) are inferred from the evidence they report—independently of their stated research objectives. Two preregistered replications (Studies 1b and 3) revealed that these effects generalize to other contentious domains of behavioral and social science research. Thus, laypeople view social scientific inquiry as (partly) a guided pursuit of evidence in favor of scientists’ personal ideology.
Return to Play Among Elite Basketball Players After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of Full-Thickness Cartilage Lesions
Authors: Balazs George C. , Wang Dean , Burge Alissa J. , Sinatro Alec L. , Wong Alexandra C. , Williams Riley J.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) is a recognized option for full-thickness articular cartilage defects of the knee, especially in the setting of large lesions or those involving the subchondral bone. Previous heterogenous studies of athletes have shown a 75% to 79% rate of return to play after the procedure.

Purpose:

To define return-to-play rates in a cohort of elite collegiate and professional basketball players following osteochondral allograft of the knee.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Prospectively collected data from an institutional cartilage repair registry were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they were collegiate or professional basketball players at the time of surgery. Patient demographics, lesion size and location, and surgical details were collected. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans were scored with the OCAMRISS system. Time to return to play and pre- versus postoperative player performance were determined with publicly available internet resources.

Results:

Eleven athletes (4 professional, 7 collegiate) with a total of 14 treated lesions (1 to the medial femoral condyle, 6 to the lateral femoral condyle, 5 to the trochlea, and 2 to the patella) were eligible for study inclusion. Mean lesion size was 509 mm2. All patients underwent OCA through an arthrotomy, with fresh grafts. The overall rate of return to play at the same level of competition was 80%. Median time to return to play was 14 months (range, 6-26 months). Among players with available statistics, there was no significant reduction in any performance category.

Conclusion:

OCA in elite basketball players results in an 80% return to previous level of competition, which is consistent with previous reports of athletes playing other sports. Osteochondral allografting is a reasonable option to consider for full-thickness cartilage lesions of the knee, even for elite jumping athletes.
Readiness for Change in Public Education
Authors: Khedhiri Mohamed
Published: July 2018

A bulk of research on organizational readiness for changes has been focused on continuous empirical analysis in private business organizations. The present study digresses from the status quo by performing discrete analysis in public education. Generalized ordered logit model (GOLM) regressions were performed at individual level, to analyse a sample of 707 faculties working in a large public university who were in the process to undergo substantial change. Results showed that faculty perceives, indeed, critical issues related to demotivation, communication channel, nature of teamwork and transformational leaders (TFL). These issues let them support the need for organizational change to be successful in the near future. In addition, data analysis raised issues concerning TFL’s social interaction patterns. This and other overwhelming challenges are discussed, and some recommendations of understanding change readiness and TFL development are suggested.
Crystal chemistry of natural layered double hydroxides. 5. Single-crystal structure refinement of hydrotalcite, [Mg6Al2(OH)16](CO3)(H2O)4
Authors: Zhitova Elena S. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Pekov Igor , Greenwell H. Christopher
Published: July 2018

Hydrotalcite, ideally [Mg6Al2(OH)16](CO3)(H2O)4, was studied in samples from Dypingdal, Snarum, Norway (3Rand 2H), Zelentsovskaya pit (2H) and Praskovie–Evgenievskaya pit (2H) (both Southern Urals, Russia), Talnakh, Siberia, Russia (3R), Khibiny, Kola, Russia (3R), and St. Lawrence, New York, USA (3Rand 2H). Two polytypes, 3Rand 2H(both ‘classical’), were confirmed on the basis of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data. Their chemical composition was studied by electron-microprobe analysis, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The crystal structure of hydrotalcite-3Rwas solved by direct methods in the space groupR$ {\bar 3} $mon three crystals (two data collections at 290 K and one at 120 K). The unit-cell parameters are as follows (290/290/120 K):a= 3.0728(9)/3.0626(3)/3.0617(4),c= 23.326(9)/23.313(3)/23.203(3) Å andV= 190.7(1)/189.37(4)/188.36(4) Å3. The crystal structures were refined on the basis of 304/150/101 reflections toR1= 0.075/0.041/0.038. Hydrotalcite-2Hcrystallises in theP63/mmcspace group; unit-cell parameters for two crystals are (data collection at 290 K and 93 K):a= 3.046(1)/3.0521(9),c= 15.447(6)/15.439(4) Å,V= 124.39(8)/124.55(8) Å3. The crystal structures were refined on the basis of 160/142 reflections toR1= 0.077/0.059. This paper reports the first single-crystal structure data on hydrotalcite. Hydrotalcite distribution in Nature, diagnostic features, polytypism, interlayer topology and localisation ofM2+–M3+cations within metal hydroxide layers are discussed.
Antitumor activity of CAR-T cells targeting the intracellular oncoprotein WT1 can be enhanced by vaccination
Authors: Akahori Yasushi , Wang Linan , Yoneyama Motohiro , Seo Naohiro , Okumura Satoshi , Miyahara Yoshihiro , Amaishi Yasunori , Okamoto Sachiko , Mineno Junichi , Ikeda Hiroaki , Maki Takehiro , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Akatsuka Yoshiki , Kato Takuma , Shiku Hiroshi
Published: July 2018

Key Points

T cells expressing a CAR consisting of scFv #213 targeting WT1 peptide/HLA-A*2402 complex killed HLA-A*2402+ WT1+ tumor cell lines. The therapeutic efficacy of #213 scFv CAR-T cells was shown to be enhanced by DC vaccine in a murine xenograft model.
A phase 1 trial of vadastuximab talirine combined with hypomethylating agents in patients with CD33-positive AML
Authors: Fathi Amir T. , Erba Harry P. , Lancet Jeffrey E. , Stein Eytan M. , Ravandi Farhad , Faderl Stefan , Walter Roland B. , Advani Anjali S. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Kovacsovics Tibor J. , Jillella Anand , Bixby Dale , Levy Moshe Y. , O’Meara Megan M. , Ho Phoenix A. , Voellinger Jenna , Stein Anthony S.
Published: July 2018

Key Points

Vadastuximab talirine, a CD33-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, is active in combination with HMAs in frontline AML. The addition of vadastuximab talirine to HMAs led to high remission rates and protracted myelosuppression in older patients.