bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Video Streaming over Dynamic Single-Frequency Networks
Authors: Almowuena Saleh , Hefeeda Mohamed
Published: November 2016

The demand for multimedia streaming over mobile networks has been steadily increasing over the past several years. For instance, it has become common for mobile users to stream full TV episodes, sports events, and movies while on the go. Unfortunately, this growth in demand has strained the wireless networks despite the significant increase of their capacities with recent generations. Hence, efficient utilization of the expensive and limited wireless spectrum remains an important problem, especially in the context of multimedia streaming services that consume a large portion of the bandwidth capacity. In this article, we introduce the idea of dynamically configuring cells in wireless cellular networks to form single-frequency networks based on the multimedia traffic demands from users in each cell. We formulate the resource allocation problem in such complex networks with the goal of maximizing the number of served multimedia streams, and we prove that this problem is NP-Complete. Then we present an optimal solution to maximize the number of served multimedia streams within a cellular network. This optimal solution, however, may suffer from an exponential time complexity in the worst case, which is not practical for real-time streaming over large-scale networks. Therefore, we propose a heuristic algorithm with polynomial running time to provide faster and more practical solution for real-time deployments. Through detailed packet-level simulations, we assess the performance of the proposed algorithms with respect to the average service ratio, energy saving, video quality, frame loss rate, initial buffering time, rate of re-buffering events, and bandwidth overhead. We show that the proposed algorithms achieve substantial improvements in all of these performance metrics compared to the state-of-the-art approaches. For example, for the service ratio metric, our algorithms can serve up to 11 times more users compared to the unicast approach, and they achieve up to 54% improvement over the closest multicast approaches in the literature.
ReHub
Authors: Efentakis Alexandros , Pfoser Dieter
Published: November 2016

Quite recently, the algorithmic community has focused on solving multiple shortest-path query problems beyond simple vertex-to-vertex queries, especially in the context of road networks. Unfortunately, those advanced query-processing techniques cannot be applied to large-scale graphs, such as social or collaboration networks, or to efficiently answer reverse
k
-nearest neighbor (R
k
NN) queries, which are of practical relevance to a wide range of applications. To remedy this, we propose ReHub, a novel main-memory algorithm that extends the hub labeling technique to efficiently answer R
k
NN queries on large-scale networks. Our experimentation will show that ReHub is the best overall solution for this type of queries, requiring only minimal additional preprocessing and providing very fast query times in all cases.
A Survey of Techniques for Architecting Processor Components Using Domain-Wall Memory
Authors: Mittal Sparsh
Published: November 2016

Recent trends of increasing core-count and bandwidth/memory wall have motivated researchers to explore novel memory technologies for designing processor components such as cache, register file, shared memory, and so on. Domain-wall memory (DWM), also known as racetrack memory, is a promising emerging technology due to its non-volatility and very high density. However, use of DWM presents challenges due to characteristics of both DWM itself (e.g., requirement of shift operations, variable latency) and processor components. Recently, several techniques have been proposed to address these challenges. This article presents a survey of architectural techniques for using DWM for designing components in both CPU and GPU. We discuss techniques related to performance, energy, and reliability and also discuss works that compare DWM with other memory technologies. We also highlight the opportunities and obstacles in using DWM for designing processor components. This survey is expected to spark further research in this area and be useful for researchers, chip designers, and computer architects.
SIGWEB annual report
Authors: Bulterman Dick C. A.
Published: November 2016

This is my first Chair's report for SIGWEB. In this report, I'II update our membership on our activities and some of our key performance indicators. In doing so, all of us involved with the SIG realize that it is the SIG membership that is the key componet to ensuring our current and future success.
Interview with Niels Olof Bouvin
Authors: Atzenbeck Claus
Published: November 2016

Niels Olof Bouvin is 45 years old, and is an associate professor at the Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Denmark. His 2001 PhD dissertation was on the topic of augmenting the web with open hypermedia. He was a co-winner of the Douglas Engelbart Best Paper Award in 1997 and 2006.
Hierarchical scheduling over off- and on-chip deterministic networks
Authors: Oliver Ramon Serna , Craciunas Silviu S.
Published: November 2016

In this paper we present a compositional model for distributed virtualized systems communicating over on-chip/off-chip deterministic networks implementing an end-to-end or partial time-triggered paradigm. We derive system-level constraints for combined task-, virtualization-and network-level static scheduling enabling the end-to-end composition of schedules for systems featuring table-driven (guest) operating systems. In the absence of a time-triggered run-time system, we analyze the composition problem with the aid of hierarchical scheduling methods for abstract resources. Moreover, we identify and discuss possible tradeoffs and optimization opportunities that arise when scheduling across multiple (virtualized) software layers in tandem with the deterministic network.
Traffic class assignment for mixed-criticality frames in TTEthernet
Authors: Gavriluţ Voica , Pop Paul
Published: November 2016

In this paper we are interested in mixed-criticality applications, which have functions with different timing requirements, i.e., hard real-time (HRT), soft real-time (SRT) and functions that are not time-critical (NC). The applications are implemented on distributed architectures that use the TTEthernet protocol for communication. TTEthernet supports three traffic classes: Time-Triggered (TT), where frames are transmitted based on static schedule tables; Rate Constrained (RC), for dynamic frames with a guaranteed bandwidth and bounded delays; and Best Effort (BE), for which no timing guarantees are provided. HRT messages have deadlines, whereas for SRT messages we capture the quality-of-service using "utility functions". Given the network topology, the set of application messages and their routing, we are interested to determine the traffic class of each message, such that all HRT messages are schedulable and the total utility for SRT messages is maximized. For the TT frames we decide their schedule tables, and for the RC frames we decide their bandwidth allocation. We propose aTabu Search-based metaheuristic to solve this optimization problem. The proposed approach has been evaluated using several benchmarks, including two realistic test cases.
Mode-changes in COTS time-triggered network hardware without online reconfiguration
Authors: Heilmann Florian , Syed Ali , Fohler Gerhard
Published: November 2016

Time-triggered networks are widely used for safety-critical applications. Being offline scheduled, flexibility and adaptivity typically come at the price of very low resource utilization, if possible at all. In this paper, we present the Stacked Scheduling Approach (SSA) for time-triggered networks to enable mode changes and implicit adaptation in such networks by enabling reuse of network bandwidth reservations. We describe SSA in detail and conduct a case study to show that SSA can be implemented in COTS time-triggered network hardware and validate the approach by implementing an example in a COTS TTEthernet network.
Multimodal human attention detection for reading from facial expression, eye gaze, and mouse dynamics
Authors: Li Jiajia , Ngai Grace , Leong Hong Va , Chan Stephen C. F.
Published: November 2016

Affective computing has recently become an important area in human-computer interaction research. Techniques have been developed to enable computers to understand human affects or emotions, in order to predict human intention more precisely and provide better service to user to enhance user experience. In this paper, we investigate into the detection of human attention level as a useful from of human affect, which could be influential in intelligent e-learning applications. We adopt ubiquitous hardware available in most computer systems, namely, webcam and mouse. Information from multiple input modalities is fused together for effective human attention detection. We invite human subjects to carry out experiments in reading articles when being imposed upon different kinds of distraction to induce them into different levels of attention. Machine-learning techniques are applied to identify useful features to recognize human attention level by building up user-independent models. Our result indicate performance improvement with multimodal inputs from webcam and mouse over that of a single device. We believe that our work has revealed and intersting affective computing direction with potential application in e-learning.
SLV
Authors: Tsigaridas Elias
Published: November 2016

The problem of isolating the real roots of a univariate polynomial with integer coefficients is an important problem in computational mathematics. Given a polynomial with integer coefficients, [EQUATION], the objective is to isolate the real roots of
f
, that is to compute intervals with rational endpoints that contain one and only one root of
f.
SLV is an open source software package written in C that provides functions for isolating the real roots of univariate polynomials with integer coefficients. It also provides functionality to approximate the isolated roots up to an arbitrary precision. Currently, it is realizes a subdivision algorithm based on Descartes' rule of sign, with modifications to improve its performance. SLV assumes that the input is a square-free polynomial. It performs all the operations using exact arithmetic based on the library gmp and it exploits as much as possible computations with dyadic numbers, that is numbers of the form
a
/2

k

where
a
and
k
are integers. It builds upon a constant memory variant of Descartes' rule of sign [3]. To minimize the number of allocations in the memory we wrote a small wrapper to use the queue.h library of OpenBSD, in order to have access to a fast implementation of lists and queues. Even though queue.h is written in C, it is a library that follows the generic programming paradigm, and if it is programmed carefully, it could be used with various data sets.
Neuropeptides as Regulators of Behavior in Insects
Authors: Schoofs Liliane , De Loof Arnold , Van Hiel Matthias Boris
Published: November 2016

Neuropeptides are by far the largest and most diverse group of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms. They are ancient molecules important in regulating a multitude of processes. Their small proteinaceous character allowed them to evolve and radiate quickly into numerous different molecules. On average, hundreds of distinct neuropeptides are present in animals, sometimes with unique classes that do not occur in distantly related species. Acting as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones, or growth factors, they are extremely diverse and are involved in controlling growth, development, ecdysis, digestion, diuresis, and many more physiological processes. Neuropeptides are also crucial in regulating myriad behavioral actions associated with feeding, courtship, sleep, learning and memory, stress, addiction, and social interactions. In general, behavior ensures that an organism can survive in its environment and is defined as any action that can change an organism's relationship to its surroundings. Even though the mode of action of neuropeptides in insects has been vigorously studied, relatively little is known about most neuropeptides and only a few model insects have been investigated. Here, we provide an overview of the roles neuropeptides play in insect behavior. We conclude that multiple neuropeptides need to work in concert to coordinate certain behaviors. Additionally, most neuropeptides studied to date have more than a single function.
The Physiology and Ecology of Diapause in Marine Copepods
Authors: Baumgartner Mark F. , Tarrant Ann M.
Published: November 2016

Diapause is a type of dormancy that requires preparation, typically precedes the onset of unfavorable conditions, and necessitates a period of arrest before development can proceed. Two ecologically important groups of copepods have incorporated diapausing stages into their life histories. In freshwater, estuarine, and coastal environments, species within the Centropagoidea superfamily can produce resting eggs containing embryos that may be quiescent, diapausing, or in some intermediate state. Resting eggs sink into the sediments, remain viable over months to years, and form a reservoir from which the planktonic population is reestablished. In coastal and oceanic environments, copepods within the Calanidae and Eucalanidae families can enter diapause during late juvenile (copepodid) or adult stages. These copepods accumulate large amounts of lipids before they migrate into deep water and diapause for several months. Through respiration, diapausing copepods may sequester more carbon in the deep ocean than any other biogeochemical process, and changes in diapause phenology associated with climate change (particularly reduction in diapause duration) could have a significant impact not only on regional ecosystems, but on global climate as well.
Dining in the Deep: The Feeding Ecology of Deep-Sea Fishes
Authors: Drazen Jeffrey C. , Sutton Tracey T.
Published: November 2016

Deep-sea fishes inhabit ∼75% of the biosphere and are a critical part of deep-sea food webs. Diet analysis and more recent trophic biomarker approaches, such as stable isotopes and fatty-acid profiles, have enabled the description of feeding guilds and an increased recognition of the vertical connectivity in food webs in a whole-water-column sense, including benthic-pelagic coupling. Ecosystem modeling requires data on feeding rates; the available estimates indicate that deep-sea fishes have lower per-individual feeding rates than coastal and epipelagic fishes, but the overall predation impact may be high. A limited number of studies have measured the vertical flux of carbon by mesopelagic fishes, which appears to be substantial. Anthropogenic activities are altering deep-sea ecosystems and their services, which are mediated by trophic interactions. We also summarize outstanding data gaps.
Vascular and Immunobiology of the Circulatory Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Gradient
Authors: Yanagida Keisuke , Hla Timothy
Published: November 2016

Vertebrates are endowed with a closed circulatory system, the evolution of which required novel structural and regulatory changes. Furthermore, immune cell trafficking paradigms adapted to the barriers imposed by the closed circulatory system. How did such changes occur mechanistically? We propose that spatial compartmentalization of the lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) may be one such mechanism. In vertebrates, S1P is spatially compartmentalized in the blood and lymphatic circulation, thus comprising a sharp S1P gradient across the endothelial barrier. Circulatory S1P has critical roles in maturation and homeostasis of the vascular system as well as in immune cell trafficking. Physiological functions of S1P are tightly linked to shear stress, the key biophysical stimulus from blood flow. Thus, circulatory S1P confinement could be a primordial strategy of vertebrates in the development of a closed circulatory system. This review discusses the cellular and molecular basis of the S1P gradients and aims to interpret its physiological significance as a key feature of the closed circulatory system.
Neural Mechanisms for Predicting the Sensory Consequences of Behavior: Insights from Electrosensory Systems
Authors: Sawtell Nathaniel B.
Published: November 2016

Perception of the environment requires differentiating between external sensory inputs and those that are self-generated. Some of the clearest insights into the neural mechanisms underlying this process have come from studies of the electrosensory systems of fish. Neurons at the first stage of electrosensory processing generate negative images of the electrosensory consequences of the animal's own behavior. By canceling out the effects of predictable, self-generated inputs, negative images allow for the selective encoding of unpredictable, externally generated stimuli. Combined experimental and theoretical studies of electrosensory systems have led to detailed accounts of how negative images are formed at the level of synaptic plasticity rules, cells, and circuits. Here, I review these accounts and discuss their implications for understanding how predictions of the sensory consequences of behavior may be generated in other sensory structures and the cerebellum.
Chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation is aggravated in angiotensin-(1–7) Mas receptor knockout mice
Authors: Magalhães Giselle S. , Rodrigues-Machado Maria Glória , Motta-Santos Daisy , Alenina Natalia , Bader Michael , Santos Robson A. , Barcelos Lucíola S. , Campagnole-Santos Maria José
Published: November 2016

The angiotensin-(1–7) [ANG-(1–7)]/Mas receptor pathway is currently recognized as a counterbalancing mechanism of the renin-angiotensin system in different pathophysiological conditions. We have previously described that treatment with ANG-(1–7) attenuates lung inflammation and remodeling in an experimental model of asthma. In the present study, we investigated whether lack of the Mas receptor could alter the inflammatory response in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation induced by ovalbumin (OVA). Mas receptor wild-type (MasWT) and knockout (MasKO) mice were subjected to four doses of OVA (20 μg/mice ip) with a 14-day interval. At the 21st day, nebulization with OVA (1%) was started, three times per week until the 46th day. Control groups received saline (0.9% ip) and were nebulized with saline (0.9%). MasWT-OVA developed a modest inflammatory response and minor pulmonary remodeling to OVA challenge. Strikingly, MasKO-OVA presented a significant increase in inflammatory cell infiltrate, increase in extracellular matrix deposition, increase in thickening of the alveolar parenchyma, increase in thickening of the smooth muscle layer of the pulmonary arterioles, increase in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in the lungs, characteristic of chronic asthma. Additionally, MasKO-OVA presented an increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation compared with MasWT-OVA. Furthermore, MasKO-OVA showed a worse performance in a test of maximum physical exercise compared with MasWT-OVA. Our study shows that effects triggered by the Mas receptor are important to attenuate the inflammatory and remodeling processes in a model of allergic lung inflammation in mice. Our data indicate that impairment of the ANG-(1–7)/Mas receptor pathway may lead to worsening of the pathophysiological changes of asthma.
SIRT3 blocks myofibroblast differentiation and pulmonary fibrosis by preventing mitochondrial DNA damage
Authors: Bindu Samik , Pillai Vinodkumar B. , Kanwal Abhinav , Samant Sadhana , Mutlu Gökhan M. , Verdin Eric , Dulin Nickolai , Gupta Mahesh P.
Published: November 2016

Myofibroblast differentiation is a key process in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a powerful inducer of myofibroblast differentiation and is implicated in pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis. This study was undertaken to determine the role of mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 in TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation in vitro and lung fibrosis in vivo. Treatment of human lung fibroblasts with TGF-β1 resulted in increased expression of fibrosis markers, smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA), collagen-1, and fibronectin. TGF-β1 treatment also caused depletion of endogenous SIRT3, which paralleled with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, and subsequent reduction in levels of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), an enzyme that hydrolyzes oxidized guanine (8-oxo-dG) and thus protects DNA from oxidative damage. Overexpression of SIRT3 by adenovirus-mediated transduction reversed the effects of TGF-β1 on ROS production and mitochondrial DNA damage and inhibited TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation. To determine the antifibrotic role of SIRT3 in vivo, we used the bleomycin-induced mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Compared with wild-type controls, Sirt3-knockout mice showed exacerbated fibrosis after intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Increased lung fibrosis was associated with decreased levels of OGG1 and concomitant accumulation of 8-oxo-dG and increased mitochondrial DNA damage. In contrast, the transgenic mice with whole body Sirt3 overexpression were protected from bleomycin-induced mtDNA damage and development of lung fibrosis. These data demonstrate a critical role of SIRT3 in the control of myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrosis.
Age and testosterone mediate influenza pathogenesis in male mice
Authors: vom Steeg Landon G. , Vermillion Meghan S. , Hall Olivia J. , Alam Ornob , McFarland Ross , Chen Haolin , Zirkin Barry , Klein Sabra L.
Published: November 2016

Influenza severity increases with age, with hospitalization and mortality rates during seasonal influenza epidemics being higher in older men than age-matched women. As it is known that with age, circulating testosterone levels decline in males, we hypothesized that reduced testosterone contributes to age-associated increases in influenza severity. A murine model was used to test this hypothesis. As in men, testosterone concentrations were lower in aged (18 mo) than young (2 mo) male C57BL/6 mice. Following inoculation with influenza A virus (IAV), aged males experienced greater morbidity, clinical disease, and pulmonary inflammation than young males, and had lower neutralizing and total anti-influenza IgG antibody responses. Peak titers of virus in the lungs did not differ between aged and young males, but virus clearance was delayed in aged males. In young males, removal of the gonads increased—whereas treatment of gonadectomized males with testosterone reduced—morbidity, clinical illness, and pulmonary pathology, but viral replication was not altered by hormone manipulation in young males. Treatment of aged males with testosterone improved survival following infection but did not alter either virus replication or pulmonary pathology. These results indicate that low concentrations of testosterone, whether induced surgically in young males or naturally occurring in aged males, negatively impact the outcome of influenza.
Eph Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Tumor Immunity
Authors: Shiuan Eileen , Chen Jin
Published: November 2016

The family of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands regulate a diverse array of physiologic processes, such as axonal guidance, bone remodeling, and immune cell development and trafficking. Eph/ephrin interactions have also been implicated in various pathologic processes, including inflammation, cancer, and tumor angiogenesis. Because Eph receptors play prominent roles in both the immune system and cancer, they likely impact the tumor immune microenvironment, an area in which Eph receptors remain understudied. Here, we provide the first comprehensive review of Eph receptors in the context of tumor immunity. With the recent rise of cancer immunotherapies as promising therapeutic interventions, further elucidation of the roles of Eph receptors in the tumor immune microenvironment will be critical for understanding and developing novel targets against tumor immune evasion. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6452–7. ©2016 AACR.
Adverse Metaphase Cytogenetics Can Be Overcome by Adding Bortezomib and Thalidomide to Fractionated Melphalan Transplants
Authors: Jethava Yogesh S. , Mitchell Alan , Epstein Joshua , Zangari Maurizio , Yaccoby Shmuel , Tian Erming , Waheed Sarah , Khan Rashid , Papanikolaou Xenofon , Grazziutti Monica , Cottler-Fox Michele , Petty Nathan , Steward Douglas , Panozzo Susan , Bailey Clyde , Hoering Antje , Crowley John , Sawyer Jeffrey , Morgan Gareth , Barlogie Bart , van Rhee Frits
Published: November 2016

Purpose: To determine whether a reduction in the intensity of Total Therapy (TT) reduces toxicity and maintains efficacy.

Experimental Design: A total of 289 patients with gene expression profiling (GEP70)-defined low-risk multiple myeloma were randomized between a standard arm (TT4-S) and a light arm (TT4-L). TT4-L employed one instead of two inductions and consolidations. To compensate for potential loss of efficacy of TT4-L, bortezomib and thalidomide were added to fractionated melphalan 50 mg/m2/d for 4 days.

Results: Grade ≥3 toxicities and treatment-related mortalities were not reduced in TT4-L. Complete response (CR) rates were virtually identical (P = 0.2; TT4-S, 59%; TT4-L, 61% at 2 years), although CR duration was superior with TT4-S (P = 0.05; TT4-S, 87%; TT4-L, 81% at 2 years). With a median follow-up of 4.5 years, there was no difference in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Whereas metaphase cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) tended to be an adverse feature in TT4-S, as with predecessor TT trials, the reverse applied to TT4-L. Employing historical TT3a as training and TT3b as test set, 51 gene probes (GEP51) significantly differentiated the presence and absence of CA (q < 0.0001), seven of which function in DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Applying the GEP51 model to clinical outcomes, OS and PFS were significantly inferior with GEP51/CA in TT4-S; such a difference was not observed in TT4-L.

Conclusions: We identified a prognostic CA-linked GEP51 signature, the adversity of which could be overcome by potentially synergizing anti–multiple myeloma effects of melphalan and bortezomib. These exploratory findings require confirmation in a prospective randomized trial. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2665–72. ©2016 AACR.
Penfluridol Represses Integrin Expression in Breast Cancer through Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species and Downregulation of Sp Transcription Factors
Authors: Hedrick Erik , Li Xi , Safe Stephen
Published: November 2016

It was recently demonstrated the penfluridol inhibited breast tumor growth and metastasis and this was associated with downregulation of α6- and β4-integrins. In this study, we observed the penfluridol induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and this was the primary mechanism of action. Penfluridol-mediated growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of breast cancer cell migration was attenuated after cotreatment with glutathione. Penfluridol also downregulated Sp transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 through epigenetic downregulation of cMyc and cMyc-regulated miRNAs (miR27a and miR20a/miR17) and induction of the miR-regulated Sp transcriptional repressors ZBTB10 and ZBTB4. α6- and β4-integrins as well as α5- and β1-integrins are Sp-regulated genes that are also coregulated by the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 and these integrins can be targeted by agents such as penfluridol that suppress Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 and also by NR4A1 antagonists. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(1); 205–16. ©2016 AACR.
Decreased MiR-155 Level in the Peripheral Blood of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients may Serve as a Biomarker and may Influence LXR Activity
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Ning , Wang Zun , Ai Dong-mei , Cao Zhen-yu , Pan Hua-ping
Published: November 2016

Background: Obesity is now a common risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, it is important to explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Total RNA was extracted from peripheral whole blood samples from 50 NAFLD patients and 50 healthy controls. In addition, human liver specimens were obtained through liver biopsies from NAFLD patients and healthy controls. The level of miRNA was studied using real-time PCR. The expression of lipogenic genes was analyzed using western blot, and a dual luciferase reporter assay was conducted to identify the possible target gene. Adenovirus vectors were injected into the tail vein of the high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice to study the role of miR-155 on lipid accumulation in vivo. Results: The level of miR-155 was markedly reduced in the livers and peripheral blood of NAFLD patients compared with healthy controls. Upregulation of miR-155 decreased intracellular lipid content and the SREBP1 and FAS protein levels, while inhibition of miR-155 enhanced the intracellular lipid content. The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that Liver X receptor (LXR)α was the target gene of miR-155, and silencing miR-155 reduced the expression of SREBP1 and FAS. An in vivo study showed that upregulation of miR-155 decreased the hepatic lipid accumulation mainly by suppressing the LXRα-dependent lipogenic signaling pathway. Conclusions: In summary, decreased expression of miR-155 in the peripheral blood may be utilized as a potential novel biomarker for NAFLD screening mainly by targeting LXRα.
Associations of Polymorphisms in Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH Ile49Ser) and its Type II Receptor (AMHRII -482 A>G) on Reproductive Outcomes and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pabalan Noel , Montagna Erik , Singian Eloisa , Tabangay Lani , Jarjanazi Hamdi , Barbosa Caio Parente , Bianco Bianca
Published: November 2016

Background/Aims: Reported associations of reproductive outcomes (RO) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with genotypes of the Ile49Ser and -482A>G polymorphisms in the Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) gene and its type II receptor (AMHRII), respectively, have conflicting results. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases were searched for studies that investigated Ile49Ser and -482A>G in RO and PCOS. Using the metaanalytic approach, we estimated risk (odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence intervals) using standard genetic models. Results: All calculated summary effects were non-significant. Overall associations of Ile49Ser and -482A>G with RO were absent (OR 0.95-0.99, P = 0.76-0.96) but implied increased risk in PCOS (OR 1.07-1.17, P = 0.49-0.55). Where heterogeneity of the pooled ORs were present, its sources were explored using the Galbraith plot. Detection and omission of the outlying studies in both polymorphisms not only erased heterogeneity of the recalculated pooled outcomes but also changed direction of association, where null effects turned to increased risk (Ile49Ser in RO) and increased risk became reduced risk (-482A>G in PCOS). Implications of the Ile49Ser and -482A>G, effects pointed to protection for Caucasians (OR 0.64-0.89, P = 0.36-0.73) in RO and increased risk in PCOS (OR 1.19-1.45, P = 0.28-0.65). Asian effects in RO and PCOS were variable (OR 0.97-1.24, P = 0.58-0.91). Conclusions: In summary, we found no evidence of significant associations of Ile49Ser and -482A>G with RO and PCOS, although contrasting Ile49Ser effects were implied among Caucasians between RO (up to 0.36% reduced risk) and PCOS (up to 1.5-fold increased risk).
Evaluation of the Potential Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Atomoxetine and Fluvoxamine in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Todor Ioana , Popa Adina , Neag Maria , Muntean Dana , Bocsan Corina , Buzoianu Anca , Vlase Laurian , Gheldiu Ana-Maria , Briciu Corina
Published: November 2016

Background/Aims: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently associated with other psychiatric pathologies. Therefore, the present study investigated a possible pharmacokinetic interaction between atomoxetine (ATX), a treatment option for ADHD, and an antidepressant, namely, fluvoxamine (FVX). Methods: Designed as an open-label, non-randomized clinical trial, the study included 2 periods. In period 1 (reference), each subject received ATX 25 mg (single-dose), whereas in period 2 (test), all subjects were given a combination of ATX 25 mg + FVX 100 mg, following a 6-day pretreatment regimen with the enzymatic inhibitor. Non-compartmental methods were employed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of ATX and its main active metabolite (glucuronidated form), 4-hydroxyatomoxetine-O-glucuronide. Results: The results revealed significant differences between the study periods for Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ values corresponding to ATX and its metabolite. Small, but statistically significant increases in AUC values were reported for both parent drug (1,583.05 ± 1,040.29 vs. 2,111.55 ± 1,411.59 ng*h/ml) and 4-hydroxyatomoxetine-O-glucuronide (5,754.71 ± 1,235.5 vs. 6,293.17 ± 1,219.34 ng*h/ml) after combined treatment of ATX and the enzymatic inhibitor. Conclusion: FVX had a modest effect on the pharmacokinetics of ATX and 4-hydroxyatomoxetine-O-glucuronide. The presence or absence of any clinical consequences associated with this pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction needs to be established in future studies.
A new species of the genus Manuscaris Komai & Tsuchida, 2015 (Decapoda, Caridea, Alvinocarididae) from the Manus Basin hydrothermal vents
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Sha Zhongli
Published: November 2016

A new species, Manuscaris liui sp. nov., of the genus Manuscaris Komai & Tsuchida, 2015 is described from the Manus Basin hydrothermal vents. It is the second species described in this genus. The new species mainly differs from Manuscaris acuminatus Komia & Tsuchida, 2015 by the antennal tooth lacking a small blunt lobe ventromesial to its base, and by the endopod of the first maxilliped being only uni-articulated.
Elite Discourse on Technology in Iran
Authors: Semati Mehdi , Faraji Mehdi , Hamidi Yalda N.
Published: November 2016

This paper examines the elite discourse on technology in Iran. The paper examines how concepts such as progress (taraqqi), civilization (tamaddon), and modernity (tajaddod), and later notions such as backwardness (‘aqab-mandegi), authenticity (isalat), and “Westoxication” (gharbzadegi) have articulated an elite discourse of technology in Iran. The paper argues that a utilitarian view of technology dominates the elite discourse. Although intellectuals view modernity with ambivalence, their outlook on technology remains utilitarian in their discourse of authenticity.
New Coenogonium species (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae) from Thailand, new reports and a revised key to the species occurring in the country
Authors: KALB JUTARAT , BOONPRAGOB KANSRI , KALB KLAUS
Published: November 2016

A revision of 159 Coenogonium collections from Thailand preserved in RAMK, herb. K. Kalb and herb. K. & J. Kalb is presented. 18 species (including 1 doubtful) could be delimited, three of which are described as new to science, namely C. convexum which differs from the similar C. nepalense by smaller and convex apothecia already at a very early stage of development, C. subborinquense which has larger apothecia (almost double the size) than the similar C. borinquense and C. verrucimarginatum which differs from C. coronatum by having denticulate-verrucose margins of the apothecia. Coenogonium barbatum, C. epiphyllum, C. frederici, C. leprieurii and C. queenslandicum are new additions to the Thai lichen biota. C. disciforme is synonymized with C. isidiiferum. The peculiar vegetative propagules in this species, hitherto named isidia, are described as thallodiscs. Photographs showing the habitus of the species as well as characteristic structures are given and a dichotomous key for the identification of all species is provided.
New synonyms for Premna yunnanensis (Lamiaceae) in China
Authors: TAN YUNHONG , CHEN YONGJUN , LI BO
Published: November 2016

Among 46 species of Premna Linnaeus (1771: 587) recognized in the Flora of China (Chen & Gilbert 1994), P. yunnanensis Smith (1916: 120) and 13 more species form a well supported monophyletic group (Li et al. 2016) assigned to ser. Congestiflorae P’ei & Chen (1982: 211), under sect. Premnos Briquet (1897: 170). Congestiflorae is characterized by having cymes in a dense capitate inflorescence, leaves and calyces densely covered with golden, orange or red glands, and calyces with five long distinct calyx-lobes. The 14 species are all endemic to southwest China, particularly to Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. Premna yunnanensis is the most widespread, occurring throughout the north of Yunnan and southwest of Sichuan (P’ei & Chen 1982, Chen & Gilbert 1994). This species is characterized by having ovate-lanceolate to ovate leaves, abaxially densely gray circinate pilose, pinkish to purple corolla, and fruiting calyces equal or subequal to fruits (Fig. 1). However, while examining herbarium specimens, it is found that the types of P. anthopotamica Handel-Mazzetti (1921: 231) (Fig. 2B), P. parvilimba P’ei (1932: 62) (Fig. 2C), P. pilosa P’ei (1932: 66) (Fig. 2D), P. steppicola Handel-Mazzetti (1936: 902) (Fig. 2E) and P. subcapitata Rehder (1917: 458) (Fig. 2F) are morphologically very similar to P. yunnanensis. Further critical qualitative and quantitative examination of more herbarium specimens—including types- (from A, CBDI, E, HITBC, IBK, IBSC, KUN, NAS, NY, PE, W and WU herbaria), living plants (field explorations in Yunnan and Sichuan during 2010 and 2014), and protologues, do not support the distinction of these species from P. yunnanensis. Furthermore, geographical analysis reveals that the type locality of each species is encompassed in the natural distribution of P. yunnanensis. Thus, P. anthopotamica, P. parvilimba, P. pilosa, P. steppicola and P. subcapitata are determined as conspecific with P. yunnanensis.
Carex concava (Carex sect. Rhomboidales, Cyperaceae), a new species from Hainan, China
Authors: YANG HU-BIAO , LI XIAO-XIA , BAI CHANG-JUN , WANG WEN-QIANG , LIU GUO-DAO
Published: November 2016

A new species of Carex sect. Rhomboidales, Carex concava, is described and illustrated from Hainan, China. The new species is similar to C. paracheniana but differs in having wider blades and longer sheaths of bracts; inflorescence with 3 spikes; terminal spike 2–6 cm long and with a 4–14 cm long peduncle; lateral spikes 3–6 cm long, loosely flowered and with 8–15 cm long peduncles; staminate glume ovate, 1-veined costa excurrent into a shortly awn ca. 0.3 mm; pistillate glume ovate, ca. 4 mm long, 1-veined costa excurrent into a awn ca. 1 mm; perigynia fusiform and green; nutlets inclined-oval, brownish black, with 3 angles deeply constricted at the middle and the side toward of spike-stalk deeply concave at base.
Impact of the South and North Pacific Meridional Modes on the El Niño–Southern Oscillation: Observational Analysis and Comparison
Authors: Min Qingye , Su Jingzhi , Zhang Renhe
Published: November 2016

An interannual variability mode in the southeast Pacific with a physical interpretation similar to that of the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) in the North Pacific was recently identified. Both modes have been shown to influence the subsequent development of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. This study investigates the relationship between ENSO and the two PMMs using observational and reanalysis data. The results show that the South Pacific meridional mode (SPMM) mainly favors the development of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the eastern equatorial Pacific, whereas the North Pacific meridional mode (NPMM) mainly favors the development of SSTAs in the central equatorial Pacific. Both of the meridional modes are considered to be analogous in terms of their physical interpretation and can be important predictors of ENSO when considering different flavors of ENSO. Neither the NPMM nor the SPMM can be precluded as accurate indicators when forecasting particular flavors of ENSO.
Collecting Empirically Derived SAR Characteristic Values over One Year of Sea Ice Environments for Use in Data Assimilation
Authors: Pogson Lynn , Geldsetzer Torsten , Buehner Mark , Carrieres Tom , Ross Michael , Scott K. Andrea
Published: November 2016

A new tool has been developed to calculate dynamic, state-specific tie points, to aid in the assimilation of various types of satellite data into Environment and Climate Change Canada’s Regional Ice Ocean Prediction System. These tie points are referred to as characteristic values (CVs). In this study, CVs are calculated for RadarSat-2 ScanSAR-Wide-A HH-HV backscatter data from October 2010 to September 2011. In this collection, the mean, standard deviation, and percentile distribution of backscatter at locations and times identified as being either ice or open water are represented over different relevant categories affecting the signal. The resulting water CVs are compared with modeled backscatter values, and are in close agreement at midrange wind speeds (5–14 m s−1), where wind slicks are not present. When compared against previously reported values, the ice CVs correspond best for ice conditions with fairly uniform backscatter distributions, such as the Arctic during the spring. When the ice and water CVs are compared to each other, the best cases for the assimilation of RadarSat-2 data are evident. In these cases, the CV distributions at a given incidence angle and wind speed are well separated from each other, such as in the far range (40°–50°) at midrange wind speeds. This set of CVs will be used for an initial assimilation of binary ice and open water retrievals. Future work will include a more complex treatment of ice CVs to address mixed ice types, and the application of CVs to other types of satellite data, including those from passive microwave sensors.
Stability of ionized calcium measurements at concentrations less than 0.3 mmol/L by point-of-care blood gas instruments: application for postfilter calcium quality control in patients with citrate anticoagulation during extracorporeal circulation
Authors: Averina Maria , Jakobsen Raymond
Published: November 2016

Background

Measurements of ionized calcium (Ca2+) at concentrations less than 0.3 mmol/L are required for postfilter control in patients who receive extracorporeal circulation with sodium citrate anticoagulation. This study evaluates the stability of the Ca2+ measurements at such concentrations.

Methods

The stability of the Ca2+ measurements was tested by measuring daily the external standard Qualicheck concentration 3 s7950, Radiometer (0.22–0.25 mmol/L) by blood gas instruments ABL800 and ABL90, Radiometer. Two different Ca2+ membrane lots were tested for the usual membrane lifetime of 12 weeks at ABL800 instruments. For the ABL90 instrument, the sensor cassette (with Ca2+ membrane and electrode) was replaced after four weeks as required.

Results

We observed over 40% Ca2+ increase within the usual 12 weeks lifetime of the Ca2+ membrane at the ABL800 instruments. Measurements of Ca2+ at concentrations less than 0.3 mmol/L were within acceptable limits for both ABL800 and ABL90 instruments when Ca2+ membrane and sensor cassette were replaced after four weeks.

Conclusions

For ABL800 instruments, it is necessary to use an extra quality control (<0.3 mmol/L) in addition to the usual quality controls to monitor Ca2+ measurements below 0.3 mmol/L. The acceptable stability of the Ca2+ measurements can be achieved by the Ca2+ membrane and sensor cassette replacement after four weeks. If the usual 12 weeks of Ca2+ membrane lifetime is maintained, it may result in a clinically significant overestimation of Ca2+ by ABL800 instruments.
Environmental responses of past and recent agropastoral activities on south Greenlandic ecosystems through molecular biomarkers
Authors: Guillemot Typhaine , Bichet Vincent , Gauthier Emilie , Zocatelli Renata , Massa Charly , Richard Herve
Published: November 2016

Paleoenvironmental studies previously performed on Lake Igaliku revealed two agropastoral phases in south Greenland: the Norse settlement from AD 986 to ca. AD 1450 and the recent installation of sheep farmers, since the 1920s. To improve the knowledge of the timing and magnitude of the Greenlandic agropastoral activities, a lipid inventory was realized and compared with biological and geochemical data. During the 12th century, a major increase in deoxycholic acid (DOC) and coprophilous fungal spores revealed a maximum of herbivores. Synchronously, a minimum of the n-C29/ n-C31 alkane ratio and tree and shrub pollen and a maximum of triterpenyl acetates showed a reduction in the tree and shrub cover, because of grazing activities. Lupanone, produced by angiosperms, appeared simultaneously in the molecular content, probably revealing an introduction of plant species by the Norse, as it has been the case for Rumex spp. No major erosion was recorded by trimethyl-tetrahydrocrysenes (TTHCs) and titanium (Ti) fluxes. No massive algal production, identified by the n-C17/total n-alkane ratio and mesotrophic diatoms, was either revealed. After the Norse abandon (around AD 1450), a return of the vegetation to quasi-pristine conditions was observed in the molecular content. Finally, a re-introduction of sheep in the 1920s provoked major impacts between the 1970s and the 1990s. A major decrease in the n-C29/ n-C31 alkane ratio and tree and shrub pollen associated with maxima of triterpenyl acetates, TTHCs, Ti fluxes, and mesotrophic diatoms highlighted a reduction in the tree and shrub cover, a strong soil mobilization, and algal blooms, probably linking to the recent mechanized creation of hay fields and the massive use of fertilizers. In this study, molecular biomarkers revealed two periods of major impacts: the 12th century and between the 1970s and the 1990s, separated by centuries without agropastoral practices, allowing a quasi-resilience of the vegetation.