Experimental scattering matrices of Martian dust analogues for radiative modelling and remote sensing applications.
Authors: Gomez Martin Juan Carlos , Martikainen Julia , Gray Zuri , Peiteado Marco , Jardiel Teresa , Muñoz Olga 
Published: July 2022

&lt;p&gt;The scattering matrices of three well-characterized Martian dust simulants (JSC Mars-1, MGS-1 and MMS-2) have been measured at the Cosmic Dust Laboratory in Granada as part of the experimental work package of the &lt;strong&gt;ROle and impAct of Dust and clouds in the Martian AtmosPhere (ROADMAP) &lt;/strong&gt;project. These simulants have been chosen from a range of representative dust analogues discussed in the recent literature (Allen, Jager, et al., 1998; Allen, Morris, et al., 1998; Cannon et al., 2019; Morris et al., 2001; Peters et al., 2008). The bulk chemical composition and mineralogy have been retrieved from the sample manufacturers and the relevant literature and double checked in our facilities. The samples have been size-segregated using state-of-the-art Materials Science techniques. The particle sizes have been measured for the size fractions obtained, showing narrow size-distributions unprecedented in the context of dust light scattering studies. Information about the morphology of the particles has been obtained from electron microscopy images. Reflectance spectra have been measured as well. The three Martian analogue samples with size distributions in the&amp;#160; 6 &amp;#956;m &lt; r &lt; 30 &amp;#956;m range have similar scattering matrices at 488 nm and 640 nm. The simulant that deviates most from the rest is JSC Mars-1, with a shallower phase function and generally higher values of the other non-zero elements of the scattering matrix. The differences are interpreted in terms of the absorption coefficients and the morphology of the dust particles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Allen, C. C., Morris, R. V., Jager, K. M., Golden, D. C., Lindstrom, D. J., Lindstrom, M. M., &amp; Lockwood, J. P. (1998). Martian Regolith Simulant JSC Mars-1. In &lt;em&gt;Lunar and Planetary Science Conference&lt;/em&gt; (p. 1690).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Allen, C. C., Jager, K. M., Morris, R. V., Lindstrom, D. J., Lindtsrom, M. M., &amp; Lockwood, J. P. (1998). Martian soil simulant available for scientific, educational study. &lt;em&gt;Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;79&lt;/em&gt;(34), 405&amp;#8211;409. https://doi.org/10.1029/98EO00309&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cannon, K. M., Britt, D. T., Smith, T. M., Fritsche, R. F., &amp; Batcheldor, D. (2019). Mars global simulant MGS-1: A Rocknest-based open standard for basaltic martian regolith simulants. &lt;em&gt;Icarus&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;317&lt;/em&gt;, 470&amp;#8211;478. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ICARUS.2018.08.019&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Morris, R. V., Golden, D. C., Ming, D. W., Shelfer, T. D., J&amp;#248;rgensen, L. C., Bell, J. F., et al. (2001). Phyllosilicate-poor palagonitic dust from Mauna Kea Volcano (Hawaii): A mineralogical analogue for magnetic Martian dust? &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;106&lt;/em&gt;(E3), 5057&amp;#8211;5083. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001328&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Peters, G. H., Abbey, W., Bearman, G. H., Mungas, G. S., Smith, J. A., Anderson, R. C., et al. (2008). Mojave Mars simulant&amp;#8212;Characterization of a new geologic Mars analog. &lt;em&gt;Icarus&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;197&lt;/em&gt;(2), 470&amp;#8211;479. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ICARUS.2008.05.004&lt;/p&gt;