bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pedological Development of Soils in Eastern Agroclimatic Zone of Haryana through Field Morphology Rating System
Authors: Gill Ankit , Dinesh . , Ramprakash . , Kumar Pankaj , Duhan Anil , Thakur Praveen
Published: August 2022

A study was carried out to evaluate the pedological development of soils in Eastern agroclimatic zone of Haryana using field morphology rating system. For this, nine pedons were excavated to study the morphological properties in field and rating scale was used to compare adjacent horizons with each other to give a comparison of the relative distinctness of horizons or to compare horizons in the solum with the C-horizon to give a relative profile development in soils occurring in different physiographic positions i.e. Shiwalik hills, recent and old alluvial plains with different precipitations throughout the study area. Some chemical properties were also used to evaluate the pedogenic factors as a result of being affected by process and factors of soil formation due to the distinct effect of climate. The Relative Horizons Distinctness (RHD) ratings were made by a comparison of adjacent horizons. The soils of Shiwalik hills, recent and old alluvial plains have RHD ratings from 6 to 14, 3 to 11 & 3 to 12, respectively. The RPD ratings were made by a comparison of the C horizon to the horizons above it in the profile. The soils of Shiwalik hills, recent and old alluvial plains have RPD ratings from 7 to 15, 3 to 14 & 5 to 16. The RPD values of all the profiles were maximum in A horizon due to maximum pedological development influenced by weathering. So, studies of these soils indicated the pedological development in the order of Shiwalik hills > old alluvial plains > recent alluvial plains.
Attitudes and perceptions about the use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics among behavioral health practitioners
Authors: Schwartz Shaina , Carilli Christina , Mian Taimur , Ruekert Laura , Kumar Archana
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI-As) are important tools for the treatment of schizophrenia, yet they appear to be underutilized. This study will assess practitioner perceptions of LAI-As to elucidate reasons for underuse and uncover new avenues to increase appropriate use.

Methods

An anonymous electronic survey was developed and actively distributed to behavioral health care practitioners (MD, DO, PA, NP, PharmD, RN, LCSW). Independent t testing and linear regression analysis was used to assess for interactions between survey responses and individual factors.

Results

A total of 146 survey responses were collected from September 3, 2020 to March 17, 2021. On average, participants thought that LAI-As were slightly underutilized in practice. The mean estimated patient acceptance rate for LAI-A therapy was 38.6% ± 29.5% (range = 0%-100%). Participants who were <40 years of age and those with a psychiatric pharmacist at their practice site had significantly higher estimated acceptance rates. The highest-rated barriers to LAI-A use were related to negative patient attitudes, lack of patient education, and access issues (eg, transportation, cost). Respondent characteristics including age, gender identity, geographic location, practice setting, and the presence of a psychiatric pharmacist significantly influenced the perceived impact of these barriers.

Discussion

Behavioral health practitioners generally believed that LAI-As were underused, and only one-third of their patients would be accepting of the therapy. Several barriers were perceived as frequently impacting LAI-A use, but these were reduced by the presence of a psychiatric pharmacist. Understanding practitioner perceptions can assist with increasing the use of LAI-As.
The Effect of Readability of Annual Reports and Value Relevance of Financial Information on Agency Costs with Analyst Coverage as Moderating Variable
Authors: Soesanto Stefan , Wijaya Hendra
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of readability based on the length of the annual report and the value relevance of the financial information on agency costs. The sample used in this study were 263 firm-year from Kompas100 index. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression method. The result of this study indicate that the higher the number of pages, words and characters, which reflects the poor readability of the annual report, has a negative effect on the asset turnover ratio, which is an inverse proxy for agency costs. Furthermore, the presence of the analyst coverage variable is able to moderate the positive effect between the number of pages, words and characters in the annual report on the asset turnover ratio. However, no significant effect was found during both test between value relevance to asset turnover ratio and that are moderated by analyst coverage.
COMPLEXIDADE RACIAL: mitos e realidades em duas freguesias de Salvador em 1775
Authors: De Almeida Vasconcelos Pedro
Published: August 2022

A partir da análise minuciosa dos dados do Censo de 1775 sobre duas freguesias de Salvador (São Pedro e Penha), são colocados em questão cinco mitos dominantes sobre a escravidão no imaginário nacional: (1) o domínio total do trabalho escravo na sociedade; (2) uma sociedade formada apenas por senhores e escravos; (3) uma sociedade constituída, por um lado, por um segmento de dominantes e exploradores e, por outro, por dominados e explorados; (4) uma sociedade urbana segregada; (5) uma sociedade patriarcal, em que as mulheres eram submissas e economicamente subordinadas. Os resultados do censo, portanto, levantam novas questões para o entendimento da complexidade do nosso passado, o que ajuda a entender a manutenção das extremas desigualdades atuais, além de evidenciar a existência de diferenciações espaciais na cidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: escravos, libertos, agregados, freguesias, Salvador.RACIAL COMPLEXITY: myth and reality in two Salvador freguesias in 1775 Pedro de Almeida Vasconcelos The meticulous analysis of data from the Census of 1775 on two freguesias of Salvador (São Pedro and Penha), bring doubt to five dominant myths on slavery in the national imaginary: (1) the exclusivity of slave work in the society; (2) a society just formed by slave owners and slaves; (3) a society where, on one side, live a segment of dominant exploiters and, on the other, dominated explored people; (4) a segregated urban society; (5) a patriarchal society, in which women were submissive and economically subordinates. The results of the census, therefore, bring new subjects to understanding the complexity of our past, what helps to understand the maintenance of the extreme current inequalities, besides showing the existence of space differentiations in the city. KEYWORDS: slaves, freed men, agregados, freguesias, Salvador.COMPLEXITÉ RACIALE: mythes et réalités dans deux paroisses de Salvador en 1775 Pedro de Almeida Vasconcelos A partir de l’analyse minutieuse des données du recensement de 1775 concernant deux paroisses de Salvador (São Pedro et Penha) sont remis en question cinq mythes dominants à propos de l’esclavage dans l’imaginaire national: (1) l’exclusivité du travail esclave dans la société; (2) une société formée uniquement de seigneurs et d’esclaves; (3) une société constituée d’une part par un segment de dominants et d’exploiteurs et d’autre part de dominés et d’exploités; (4) une société urbaine ségréguée; (5) une société patriarcale où les femmes étaient soumises et subordonnées économiquement. Les résultats de ce recensement soulèvent donc de nouvelles questions pour la compréhension de la complexité de notre passé, ceci permet de comprendre le maintien d’extrêmes inégalités actuelles et de mettre aussi en évidence l’existence de différenciations spatiales dans la ville. MOTS-CLÉS: esclaves, personnes libres, domestiques, paroisses, Salvador. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Compassionate Use of Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Monkeypox Infection
Authors: Desai Angel N. , Thompson George R. , Neumeister Sonja M. , Arutyunova Anna M. , Trigg Katelyn , Cohen Stuart H.
Published: August 2022

This case series describes the clinical resolution of systemic symptoms and lesions, along with any adverse events, in patients with monkeypox infection who were treated with tecovirimat on a compassionate use basis.
Wide QRS Complex Rhythm Requiring a Second Look
Authors: Mokhtar Ahmed T. , Klein George J. , Manlucu Jaimie
Published: August 2022

This case report describes a patient in their 60s with atrial flutter ablation following admission to the hospital for heart failure exacerbation.
The Current Status of Next-Generation Sequencing for Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Infections
Authors: Wilson Michael R. , Tyler Kenneth L.
Published: August 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the ability of next-generation sequencing to diagnose central nervous system (CNS) infections as well as the complexity of such technology and the need to develop programs to help clinicians select, interpret, and respond to test results more accurately.
Well-Child Visit Adherence
Authors: Abdus Salam , Selden Thomas M.
Published: August 2022

This study examines trends of well-child care visits within key socioeconomic groups.
Growth arrest‐specific protein 2 (GAS2) interacts with CXCR4 to promote T‐cell leukemogenesis partially via c‐MYC
Authors: Ma Wenjuan , Wan Yan , Zhang Jianxiang , Yao Jianan , Wang Yifei , Lu Jinchang , Liu Hong , Huang Xiaorui , Zhang Xiuyan , Zhou Haixia , He Yulong , Wu Depei , Wang Jianrong , Zhao Yun
Published: August 2022

Although growth arrest‐specific protein 2 (GAS2) promotes the growth of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) cells in culture, the effect of GAS2 on T‐cell leukemogenesis has not been studied, and the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, xenograft studies showed that GAS2 silencing impaired T‐cell leukemogenesis and decreased leukemic cell infiltration. Mechanistically, GAS2 regulated the protein expression of C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) rather than its transcript expression. Immunoprecipitation revealed that GAS2 interacted with CXCR4, and confocal analysis showed that GAS2 was partially co‐expressed with CXCR4, which provided a strong molecular basis for GAS2 to regulate CXCR4 expression. Importantly, CXCR4 overexpression alleviated the inhibitory effect of GAS2 silencing on the growth and migration of T‐ALL cells. Moreover, GAS2 or CXCR4 silencing inhibited the expression of NOTCH1 and c‐MYC. Forced expression of c‐MYC rescued the growth suppression induced by GAS2 or CXCR4 silencing. Meanwhile, GAS2 deficiency, specifically in blood cells, had a mild effect on normal hematopoiesis, including T‐cell development, and GAS2 silencing did not affect the growth of normal human CD3+ or CD34+ cells. Overall, our data indicate that GAS2 promotes T‐cell leukemogenesis through its interaction with CXCR4 to activate NOTCH1/c‐MYC, whereas impaired GAS2 expression has a mild effect on normal hematopoiesis. Therefore, our study suggests that targeting the GAS2/CXCR4 axis is a potential therapeutic strategy for T‐ALL.
COVID‐19 clinical outcomes and DMT of MS patients and population‐based controls
Authors: Longinetti Elisa , Bower Hannah , McKay Kyla A , Englund Simon , Burman Joachim , Fink Katharina , Fogdell‐Hahn Anna , Gunnarsson Martin , Hillert Jan , Langer‐Gould Annette , Lycke Jan , Nilsson Petra , Salzer Jonatan , Svenningsson Anders , Mellergård Johan , Olsson Tomas , Piehl Fredrik , Frisell Thomas
Published: August 2022

Objective

To estimate risks for all‐cause mortality and for severe COVID‐19 in multiple sclerosis patients and across relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients exposed to disease‐modifying therapies.

Methods

We conducted a Swedish nationwide population‐based multi‐register linkage cohort study and followed all multiple sclerosis patients (n = 17,692 in March 2020), individually age‐, sex‐, and region‐matched to five population‐based controls (n = 86,176 in March 2020) during March 2020–June 2021. We compared annual all‐cause mortality within and across cohorts, and assessed incidence rates and relative risks for hospitalization, intensive care admission, and death due to COVID‐19 in relation to disease‐modifying therapy use, using Cox regression.

Results

Absolute all‐cause mortality among multiple sclerosis patients was higher from March to December 2020 than in previous years, but relative risks versus the population‐based controls were similar to preceding years. Incidence rates of hospitalization, intensive care admission, and death due to COVID‐19 remained in line with those for all‐cause hospitalization, intensive care admission, and mortality. Among relapsing–remitting patients on rituximab, trends for differences in risk of hospitalization due to COVID‐19 remained in the demographics‐, socioeconomic status‐, comorbidity‐, and multiple sclerosis severity‐adjusted model.

Interpretation

Risks of severe COVID‐19‐related outcomes were increased among multiple sclerosis patients as a whole compared to population controls, but risk increases were also seen for non‐COVID‐19 hospitalization, intensive care admission, and mortality, and did not significantly differ during the pandemic compared to pre‐pandemic years. The risk conveyed by disease‐modifying therapies was smaller than previously assumed, likely as a consequence of the possibility to better control for confounders.
Intermediate estimator‐based bipartite tracking control for consensus of multi‐agent systems
Authors: Arumugam Parivallal , Rathinasamy Sakthivel , Lim Yongdo
Published: August 2022

The bipartite tracking control problem for a class of multi‐agent system under the influence of faults is addressed in this article by using the memory‐feedback control approach. In particular, an undirected structurally balanced signed network graph is used to express the cooperative and antagonistic communication between neighboring agents. In order to reach the desired bipartite tracking performance as well as to estimate the unified unknown input of the leader and the fault signal, a novel intermediate estimator is proposed. Using appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional the required constraints that ensure the bipartite tracking performance of the considered multi‐agent system are developed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The required memory‐feedback controller and intermediate estimator gain parameters are obtained by solving the set of linear matrix inequality constraints. At last, simulation examples are given to exhibit the efficacy of the developed theoretical results.
Array‐Based Discrimination of Phenolic Acids in Water at Near‐Neutral pH with Chromogenic and Fluorescent Cyclodextrin‐Based Supramolecular Sensors
Authors: Yao Xiyuan , Bonizzoni Marco
Published: August 2022

Phenolic acids are a class of poorly water‐soluble organic compounds with antioxidant properties that contain a carboxylic acid and a phenol group, common in plants. We used hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) as a supramolecular host to sense phenolic acids in water near physiological pH. The analytes’ complexation was monitored through changes in the optical absorption and emission properties of a series of six organic dyes, acting as indicators in a displacement assay, that were selected from screening a panel of 17 candidates. Binding constants between these dyes and the HP‐β‐CD were in the 102–104 range. We showed that the nuanced differences in the dyes’ optical signatures associated with this displacement process, when analyzed and summarized using multivariate analysis algorithms such as principal component analysis (PCA), can be used to successfully discriminate among six phenolic acids, and to identify six unknown samples of such acids, down to a 0.02 mM concentration.
Effect of molecular weight of polysaccharide on efficient plasmid DNA delivery by polyethylenimine‐polysaccharide‐Fe(III) complexes
Authors: Liu Liang , Yang Zhaojun , Liu Chaobing , Wang Mengying , Chen Yiran
Published: August 2022

Polyethylenimine (PEI) is considered as the gold standard for evaluating non‐viral gene vectors due to its proton sponge effect and high transfection efficiency. However, its cytotoxicity limits its application. Rice bran polysaccharide (RBP) is rich in nature and beneficial for preparation of biodegradable biomaterials. In this work, three PEI modified RBP‐Fe complexes (PIP‐1, PIP‐2, and PIP‐3) were prepared based on RBP with different molecular weight (Mw). Then the potential of PIP complexes for plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery and the influence of Mw was studied. PIP complexes showed better safety and higher gene transfection efficiency than PEI. PIP‐1 was prepared by RBP with lower Mw and could formed PIP‐1/pDNA nanoparticle with lower particle size which exhibited higher gene transfection efficiency than other PIP complexes prepared by RBP with higher Mw. The results indicate that the PIP/pDNA complex exhibits a multi‐pathway cellular uptake mechanism. Clathrin dependent and caveolin dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis were involved in the cellular uptake process of PIP/pDNA complex. It is hoped that this study can provide useful enlightenment for the research and development of gene vector based on polysaccharide.
Exploring Carbonyl Chemistry in Non‐aqueous Mg Flow Batteries
Authors: Qin Yunan , Holguin Kathryn , Fehlau Dillon , Luo Chao , Gao Tao
Published: August 2022

Non‐aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) are emerging electrochemical technologies for grid energy storage. Non‐aqueous Mg RFBs that use Mg metal as the anode are especially promising due to various benefits of the Mg metal anode, including its low potential, high volumetric capacity, SEI‐free, highly reversible operation and low cost. Despite the potential, there are rarely any studies on developing non‐aqueous Mg RFBs. Herein, a non‐aqueous Mg redox flow battery using a polymer catholyte is reported. Through rational molecular engineering, a carbonyl‐based moiety is combined with a polyethylene glycol moiety to achieve a polymer with high voltage and high solubility in the ether‐based electrolyte. A series of polymers with different polyethylene glycol chain lengths are synthesized and their performances are measured first at the molecular level, and then at the device level in a Mg redox flow battery using a Mg foil as the anode, the polymer solution as the catholyte and a porous membrane as the separator. The flow battery delivers a voltage of 1.8 V, a maximum capacity of 475 mAh/L, an average Coulombic efficiency of 90.5%, an average voltage efficiency of 67.4%, an energy efficiency of 61.0%, and an energy density of 0.855 Wh/L. Systematic mechanistic studies are performed to understand the performance decay mechanism and possible strategies for future improvement are discussed. This work opens a new avenue for the development of energy storage technologies for grid electricity storage.
Empirical approximation of Nash equilibria in finite Markov games with discounted payoffs
Authors: Robles‐Aguilar Alan D. , González‐Sánchez David , Minjárez‐Sosa J. Adolfo
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with finite nonzero‐sum Markov games under a discounted optimality criterion and infinite horizon. The state process evolves according to a stochastic difference equation and depends on players' actions as well as a random disturbance whose distribution is unknown to the players. The actions, the states, and the values of the disturbance are observed by the players, then they use the empirical distribution of the disturbances to estimate the true distribution and make choices based on the available information. In this context, we propose an almost surely convergent procedure—possibly after passing to a subsequence—to approximate Nash equilibria of the Markov game with the true distribution of the random disturbance.
Predictability of European winter 2020/2021: Influence of a mid‐winter sudden stratospheric warming
Authors: Lockwood Julia F. , Stringer Nicky , Thornton Hazel E. , Scaife Adam A. , Bett Philip E. , Collier Tamara , Comer Ruth , Dunstone Nick , Gordon Margaret , Hermanson Leon , Ineson Sarah , Kettleborough Jamie , Knight Jeff , Mancell Joseph , McLean Peter , Smith Doug , Wardle Tony , Xavier Prince , Youngman Ben
Published: August 2022

Boreal winter (December–February) 2020/2021 in the North Atlantic/European region was characterised by a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. Although this was captured within the ensemble spread of predictions from the Met Office Global Seasonal forecast system (GloSea5), with 17% of ensemble members predicting an NAO less than zero, the forecast ensemble mean was shifted towards a positive NAO phase. The observed monthly NAO anomalies were particularly negative in January and February, following an early January sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), and a prolonged period of Phase 6 or 7 of the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) in late January/early February. In contrast, predictions showed the expected teleconnection from the observed La Niña, with a positive NAO signal resulting from a weakening of the Aleutian Low leading to a reduction in tropospheric wave activity, an increase in polar vortex strength and a reduced chance of an SSW. Forecasts initialised later in the winter season successfully predicted the negative NAO in January and February once the SSW and MJO were within the medium range timescale. GloSea5 likely over‐predicted the strength of the La Niña which we estimate caused a small negative bias in the SSW probability. However, this error is smaller than the uncertainty in SSW probability from the finite forecast ensemble size, emphasising the need for large forecast ensembles. This case study also demonstrates the advantage of continuously updated lagged ensemble forecasts over a ‘burst’ ensemble started on a fixed date, since a change in forecast signal due to events within the season can be detected early and promptly communicated to users.
Exclusion of females in autism research: Empirical evidence for a “leaky” recruitment‐to‐research pipeline
Authors: D'Mello Anila M. , Frosch Isabelle R. , Li Cindy E. , Cardinaux Annie L. , Gabrieli John D.E.
Published: August 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by challenges in social communication and the presence of repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. Notably, males are four times as likely as females to be diagnosed with autism. Despite efforts to increase representation and characterization of autistic females, research studies consistently enroll small samples of females, or exclude females altogether. Importantly, researchers often rely on standardized measures to confirm diagnosis prior to enrollment in research studies. We retrospectively analyzed the effects of one such measure (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ADOS) on research inclusion/exclusion rates by sex in autistic adults, all of whom had a preexisting community diagnosis of autism (n = 145, 95 male, 50 female). Using the ADOS as a confirmatory diagnostic measure resulted in the exclusion of autistic females at a rate over 2.5 times higher than that of autistic males. We compared sex ratios in our sample to those in other large, publically available datasets that rely either on community diagnosis (6 datasets, total n = 42,209) or standardized assessments (2 datasets, total n = 214) to determine eligibility of participants for research. Reliance on community diagnosis rather than confirmatory diagnostic assessments resulted in significantly more equal sex ratios. These results provide evidence for a “leaky” recruitment‐to‐research pipeline for females in autism research.

Lay Summary

Despite efforts to increase the representation of autistic females in research, studies consistently enroll small samples of females or exclude females altogether. We find that despite making up almost 50% of the initially recruited sample based upon self‐report of community diagnosis, autistic females are disproportonately excluded from research participation as a result of commonly used autism diagnostic measures. In our sample, and several other publically available datasets, reliance on community diagnosis resulted in significantly more equal sex ratios.
Efficacy of various adjuvant chemotherapy methods in preventing liver metastasis from potentially curative colorectal cancer: A systematic review network meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Liu Xianwei , Liu Qisheng , Wu Xiaoyu , Yu Wenbing , Bao Xinmin
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Various chemotherapy administration methods have been used to prevent liver metastasis (LM) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This network meta‐analysis evaluated the efficacy of these different methods in preventing LM in CRC patients who underwent curative surgery.

Method

A systematic search of randomized controlled trials reporting the efficacy of various adjuvant chemotherapy methods in patients with colorectal cancer who underwent curative surgery was conducted. The primary outcome was the LM rate.

Results

This network meta‐analysis included 19 studies reporting on 12,588 participants, comparing portal vein infusion chemotherapy (PVIC) versus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) versus systematic chemotherapy (SC) versus surgery alone. The HAIC group had the lowest LM rate when compared to the other three groups (odds ratio [OR] of PVIC vs. HAIC: 1.86; OR of SC vs. HAIC: 1.98; and HAIC vs. surgery alone: 0.43). The LM rate did not differ significantly between PVIC, SC, and surgery alone. The recurrence rates were lower for PVIC and HAIC than for surgery alone (the ORs for PVIC and HAIC were 0.73 [95% CI: 0.58–0.92] and 0.45 [95% CI: 0.26–0.77]). The mortality rates of patients undergoing PVIC and HAIC were lower than that of patients undergoing surgery alone (the ORs for PVIC and HAIC were 0.77 [95% CI: 0.64–0.93] and 0.49 [95% CI: 0.24–0.98]). Anastomotic leakage, cardiopulmonary leakage, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, oral ulceration, wound infection, or ileus did not differ significantly between the four groups. PVIC showed the highest hepatic toxicity rate compared to those for SC, HAIC, and surgery alone.

Conclusion

HAIC might be a satisfactory method for preventing LM in patients with CRC undergoing curative surgery.
Parental substance misuse and statutory child protection in England: Risk factors and outcomes
Authors: Roy Jessica
Published: August 2022

Parental substance misuse is a significant child welfare issue and associated with increased risk of child maltreatment. The aim of the present study was to understand what social care outcomes children who live with parental substance misuse have, and to assess factors associated with those social care outcomes over a two‐year period. The paper reports on a retrospective longitudinal study of 299 children all living with parental substance misuse and referred to one local authority in England. Data were collected from children's social work case files about procedural social care outcomes and factors which may be associated with those outcomes.

Using cluster analysis, a new typology of children's longitudinal trajectories through the children's social care system was developed, consisting of five distinct types. Analysis indicated that some children received too little intervention from children's social care despite ongoing concerns, while other children were potentially unnecessarily caught up in the social care system. Factors associated with children having the poorest outcomes were: caregiver instability resulting from substance misuse, parenting capacity and household instability. The study's findings indicate that some children who live with parental substance misuse are at significant risk of harm, but others are not and may be better supported through non‐statutory services such as early help.
Managing vertical dimensions in patients with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A case report
Authors: Farao Warren , Roomaney Imaan A.
Published: August 2022

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by inherited developmental defects of enamel. Patients with AI often have progressive and severe loss of occlusal vertical dimensions (OVD), resulting in challenging dental rehabilitation. In this case report, we present the management of a 24‐year‐old male patient who previously underwent orthodontics, direct and indirect restorations, and continued to have progressive tooth wear. His vertical dimensions were restored in two phases, firstly with provisional restorations at the improved OVD, followed by a combination of monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate full‐coverage crowns. A removable acrylic appliance was then constructed to protect his teeth. This report emphasizes the importance of preserving and protecting the OVD from an early age to prevent more costly and complicated management in future.
Prenatal overgrowth and polydramnios: Would you think about Noonan syndrome?
Authors: Beltrami Benedetta , Cerasani Jacopo , Consales Alessandra , Villa Roberta , Resta Nicoletta , Loconte Daria Carmela , Boito Simona , Caschera Luca , Bassi Laura , Colombo Lorenzo , Iascone Maria , Bedeschi Maria Francesca
Published: August 2022

We report on a child with prenatal findings of increased nuchal translucency, polydramnios, ascites, and overgrowth. At birth, she presented length >97° centile, minor facial anomalies, megalencephaly, and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. Whole‐exome sequencing showed a pathogenic variant in the NRAS gene, but no mutations were found in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway genes.
Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Bubble Departure Frequency for Pool‐Boiling Heat Transfer
Authors: Hamzekhani Samane , Shahraki Farhad , Mohebbi-Kalhori Davood , Fardinpour Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2022

The artificial neural network (ANN) method and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to predict the bubble departure frequency for the pool‐boiling heat transfer of pure liquids, by using experimental data. The effects of vapor‐liquid density difference, vapor‐liquid viscosity difference, surface tension, thermal conductivity, and heat flux on the departure frequency of vapor bubbles were investigated by RSM and ANN. The results showed that the outputs of the ANN and RSM had a suitable overlap with the experimental data, but the RSM model was more accurate than the ANN model.
Natural Ball Clay Ceramic Membrane Fabrication Using Full Factorial Design for Screening
Authors: Azaman Fazureen , Muhamad Nor Mohd Al Amin , Wan Abdullah Wan Rafizah , Razali Mohd Hasmizam , Che Zulkifli Rumaizah , Ali Asmadi
Published: August 2022

A screening design is used to assess a large number of process or design parameters to identify the most influential factors that affect the process performance. This study investigates factors affecting the fabrication of natural ball clay (NBC) ceramic membranes using the 24 full factorial design (FFD) with two replications at each point. The factors studied were: particle size of the sawdust, percentage of sawdust, amount of binder, and sintering temperature. The FFD study results indicated that the sawdust particle size and the percentage of sawdust had a positive impact on the porosity and mechanical strength of the NBC ceramic membrane. This demonstrates the importance of performing a screening experiment prior to an extensive investigation of certain factors such as in the optimization studies.
CdS Decorated on Hierarchically Structured Single Crystal TiO2 Nanosheets for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical H2 Generation
Authors: Raza Waseem , Kerketta Ujjaval , Hwang Imgon , Schmuki Patrik
Published: August 2022

Single crystal anatase TiO2 nanosheets (TNS) were grown on a fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate and then modified via multiple TiCl4 treatments to produce a hierarchical TiO2 structure. This high surface area hierarchical structure was then decorated with CdS (as a visible light absorber) using SILAR treatments. The resulting photoanodes provide a greatly enhanced photoelectrochemical H2 generation capability. For the optimized TiO2 and CdS decorated TNS electrode, a photocurrent magnitude of 3.5mA/cm2 at 0.5V Ag/AgCl (under AM 1.5G, 100mW/cm2) was obtained, and an applied bias to photoconversion efficiency (ABPE) of 2.5% could be reached. The increase in the specific surface was provided by the hierarchical TiO2 structure responsible for the improved performance in comparison to the plain, non‐hierarchical electrode with an ABPE=0.8%. Even after particle decoration, the rapid electron flow through the single‐crystalline scaffold was maintained. Consequently, the photoanode presented here best integrates in a synergistic manner, a larger surface area, a fast electron transport, and effective visible light harvesting properties.
Pushing the Limits of Nucleic Acid Function
Authors: Curtis Edward A.
Published: August 2022

For many decades it was thought that information storage and information transfer were the main functions of nucleic acids. However, artificial evolution experiments have shown that the functional potential of DNA and RNA is much greater. Here I provide an overview of this technique and highlight recent advances which have increased its potency. I also describe how artificial evolution has been used to identify nucleic acids with extreme functions. These include deoxyribozymes that generate unusual products such as light, tiny motifs made up of fewer than ten nucleotides, ribozymes that catalyze complex reactions such as RNA polymerization, information‐rich sequences that encode overlapping ribozymes, motifs that catalyze reactions at rates too fast to be followed by manual pipetting, and functional nucleic acids which are active in extreme conditions. Such motifs highlight the limits of our knowledge and provide clues about as of yet undiscovered functions of DNA and RNA.
CO2 Separation by Imide/Imine Organic Cages
Authors: La Cognata Sonia , Mobili Riccardo , Milanese Chiara , Boiocchi Massimo , Gaboardi Mattia , Armentano Donatella , Jansen Johannes Carolus , Monteleone Marcello , Antonangelo Ariana R. , Carta Mariolino , Amendola Valeria
Published: August 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Valeria Amendola at the University of Pavia, Mariolino Carta at the University of Swansea, and Johannes C. Jansen at the CNR‐ITM. The image depicts one of the novel imide/imine organic cages that were employed as fillers in mixed‐matrix membranes for the selective separation of CO2 from N2 and CH4. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202201631.
Synthesis of Sustainable Fuels and Intermediates from Ethanol and Methanol
Authors: Peters Martin , Menne Andreas , Gielisch Hendrik
Published: August 2022

Higher alcohols represent a highly interesting group of substances for fuels or as intermediates for the production of chemicals. Current production pathways for higher alcohols are based on fossil resources. Sustainable and largely available alcohols are methanol based on CO2or ethanol based on biomass. ethanol and methanol can be used to produce higher alcohols in a heterogeneous catalytic process employing a Guerbet reaction. The resulting mixture consists of mainly branched and linear alcohols with a chain length distribution ranging from three to eight carbon atoms. The mixture displays very advantageous properties as fuel blend and feedstock for further processes to produce jet fuel or synthetic naphtha.
Risk of malignancy assessment of the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology: Experience in a community hospital setting and comparison with other studies
Authors: Sun Tong , Wang Minhua , Wang He
Published: August 2022

Background

The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology (ISRSFC) was published recently to provide standard reporting terminology for serous fluid. To date, several ISRSFC reclassification studies have reported a wide range of diagnostic category frequency and the associated risk of malignancy (ROM). Herein, the authors applied the ISRSFC to report pleural and peritoneal effusions retrospectively in a community hospital setting.

Methods

With Internal Review Board approval, 446 peritoneal effusion specimens and 299 pleural fluid specimens from 576 patients in three community hospitals over a 12‐month period were reviewed and reclassified according to the ISRSFC.

Results

After reclassification, in pleural effusions, 18 (5.0%) were nondiagnostic (ND), 273 (76.0%) were negative for malignancy (NFM), 18 (5.0%) were atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), 6 (1.7%) were suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and 44 (12.3%) were malignant (MAL). In peritoneal effusions, after reclassification, 11 (5.5%) were ND, 168 (77.1%) were NFM, 9 (4.1%) were AUS, 2 (0.9%) were SFM, and 27 (12.4%) were MAL. The calculated ROM was 0.0% for ND, 1.8% for NFM, 37.5% for AUS, 83.3% for SFM, and 100.0% for MAL in peritoneal effusions; and the ROM was 8.3% for ND, 1.2% for NFM, 44.4% for AUS, and 100.0% for both SFM and MAL in pleural effusions. Further analysis demonstrated notable heterogeneity among published ISRSFC reclassification studies, although the overall ROMs did not differ significantly from the ISRSFC‐determined ROMs (all p values were > .05 for mean ROM comparisons).

Conclusions

The findings suggested the necessity for each laboratory to perform its own ROM analysis based on its statistics for ISRSFC‐tiered classification terminology.
Advances and Challenges of AgSbSe2‐based Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Cui Jingjing , Tang Xinfeng , Tan Gangjian
Published: August 2022

Thermoelectric materials have aroused wide attention because of the capability to directly convert heat into electricity. AgSbSe2 is a structural analogue of PbTe but does not contain toxic element Pb or expensive element Te. Besides, it possesses both high Seebeck coefficient and inherently low thermal conductivity, making AgSbSe2 a competitive candidate for mid‐temperature thermoelectric power generation. This review summarizes the most recent updates of AgSbSe2‐based thermoelectric compounds. It starts with a general introduction of the crystal and electronic band structures of pristine AgSbSe2 with particular emphasis on the debate about whether cations arrangement is ordered or disordered. We then discuss why AgSbSe2 displays glass‐like heat conduction despite its crystalline nature. Subsequently, the strategies of boosting the electrical properties of the titled compound are elaborated. Finally, we point out the challenges and outlooks toward the future development of AgSbSe2‐based thermoelectric materials.
Bioequivalence of China‐ and Germany‐Manufactured Metformin Extended‐Release Tablets Under Fed and Fasted Conditions in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Open‐Label, 2‐Way Crossover Study
Authors: Hu Chaoying , Pei Tong , Li Dandan , Zhou Dongli , Zhang Lan
Published: August 2022

We compared the bioequivalence, pharmacokinetics, and safety of metformin extended‐release (MXR) tablets manufactured by Merck Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd (Nantong, China) and Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany) after a single oral dose under fasted/fed conditions. In this open‐label phase 1 study, 54 healthy volunteers (fasted, n = 38; fed, n = 16) were randomly assigned to receive one 500‐mg MXR tablet that was manufactured by Merck Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing (Jiangsu) Co. or Merck KGaA. Respectively, the mean terminal half‐life was 7.5 and 6.8 hours in the fasted group, and 6.7 and 9.1 hours in the fed group. Median times to maximum observed concentration were 3 and 4 hours (fasted group) and 6 hours (both products, fed group). No significant differences were observed in the metformin plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last sampling time and maximum observed concentration between products. Geometric least square mean ratios for maximum observed concentration, AUC from time 0 to the last sampling time, and AUC from time 0 to infinity were nearly 100%; the corresponding 90%CIs for bioequivalence were within 80% to 125%. Diarrhea (26.4%), abdominal pain (5.7%), and nausea (3.8%) were the most common adverse events (AEs); AEs were mild. The mean AUC from time 0 to infinity (test and reference) was substantially increased by ≈45% in the fed condition (equivalent to a 1.5‐fold dose increase); this means food increased net systemic availability but had no impact on AE incidence. This was considered in the study design, which included MXR administration with evening meals. MXR tablets were bioequivalent under fasted/fed conditions and were safe and well tolerated.
A Mouse Model of Celiac Disease
Authors: Abadie Valérie , Khosla Chaitan , Jabri Bana
Published: August 2022

The design and use of mouse models that reproduce key features of human diseases are critical to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to test new therapeutic strategies. Celiac disease is a unique organ‐specific autoimmune‐like disorder occurring in genetically susceptible individuals carrying HLA‐DQ2 or HLA‐DQ8 molecules who consume gluten. The key histological characteristic of the disease in humans is the destruction of the lining of the small intestine, a feature that has been difficult to reproduce in immunocompetent animal models. This unit describes the DQ8‐Dd‐villin‐IL‐15 transgenic mouse model of CeD, which was engineered based on the knowledge acquired from studying CeD patients’ intestinal samples, and which represents the first animal model that develops villous atrophy in an HLA‐ and gluten‐dependent manner without administration of any adjuvant. We provide detailed protocols for inducing and monitoring intestinal tissue damage, evaluating the cytotoxic properties of intraepithelial lymphocytes that mediate enterocyte lysis, and assessing the activation of the enzyme transglutaminase 2, which contributes to the generation of highly immunogenic gluten peptides. Detailed protocols to prepare pepsin‐trypsin digested gliadin (PT‐gliadin) or chymotrypsin‐digested gliadin (CT‐gliadin), which allow antibody detection against native or deamidated gluten peptides, are also provided in this unit. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Induction of celiac‐like disease in DQ8‐Dd‐villin‐IL‐15tg mice

Basic Protocol 2: Histological assessment of villous atrophy

Support Protocol 1: Morphometric assessment of villous/crypt ratio

Support Protocol 2: Evaluation of epithelial cells renewal

Support Protocol 3: Evaluation of the density of intraepithelial lymphocytes

Basic Protocol 3: Analysis of cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes

Basic Protocol 4: Transglutaminase 2 activation and measurement of antibodies against native and deamidated gluten peptides

Support Protocol 4: Preparation of CT‐gliadin

Support Protocol 5: Preparation of PT‐gliadin
The effect of two calcium phosphate‐containing agents on the enamel resistance of permanent molars to demineralization: An experimental study
Authors: Molaasadolah Fatemeh , Hosseinipour Zohre Sadat , Afzali Fatemeh , Parhizkar Ardavan , Poorzandpoush Kiana
Published: August 2022

Background

The main purpose of this experimental study was to determine the in vitro effects of two calcium phosphate‐containing agents (Remin Pro® and GC Tooth mousse™) on the enamel resistance of permanent molars to demineralization.

Methods

Fifty extracted human third molars were randomly divided into four groups; that is the control group and three case groups treated with Remin Pro®, GC Tooth mousse™, and sodium fluoride gel. The three case groups were treated with 0.25 ml of the paste associated with each experimental group for 5 min, kept in fluoride‐free artificial saliva, and incubated at 37°C for 28 days. After the treatment regimen, 10 samples of each case group were subjected to demineralization using an acetic acid‐containing solution, and remineralization using a remineralizing solution. The morphology of enamel was observed via scanning electron microscopy and their enamel calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratios were measured before/after the demineralization cycle with energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. Data were statistically analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests.

Results

The enamel Ca/P ratios in the case study groups were significantly higher than that of the control group before/after the demineralization regimen (p < .0001). However, the ratios were not significantly different between the case study groups after the treatment regimen and demineralization cycle (p > .05).

Conclusion

The outcomes of the current study indicated that all three agents seemed to increase the enamel resistance of permanent molar teeth to demineralization.
Development of winter hardy, fine‐leaf zoysiagrass hybrids for the upper transition zone
Authors: Braun Ross C. , Patton Aaron J. , Chandra Ambika , Fry Jack D. , Genovesi Anthony Dennis , Meeks Meghyn , Kennelly Megan M. , Xiang Mingying , Chhetri Manoj , Richardson Michael D. , Richmond Douglas S. , Pudzianowska Marta T. , Baird James H.
Published: August 2022

A 10‐yr, four‐phase collaborative effort among three universities was conducted to develop new hybrid zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp. Willd.) with improved turf quality, winter hardiness, and pest resistance in comparison to commercial zoysiagrass cultivars, especially ‘Meyer’ (Z. japonica Steud.). In Phase 1, breeding efforts produced 2,858 new progeny that were evaluated for 2 yr across three sites. In Phase 2, only 60 (2%) of 2,858 progeny were selected for advancement to 10 replicated multiyear field trials (Phase 3). Phase 3 revealed 10 promising progeny (assigned DALZ numbers) that required further intensive field and laboratory testing in Phase 4. Phase 4 revealed differences in establishment rate, and DALZ 1701, 1702, 1707, and 1810 had moderate‐to‐good turf performance across seven sites, whereas DALZ 1808 had similar or slightly lower performance. Meyer consistently performed poorly, and ‘Innovation’, a recently released hybrid cultivar, had poor‐to‐moderate performance in comparison to the experimental genotypes, which illustrates the improvements achieved in zoysiagrass breeding in the last 10 yr. Freeze tolerance (LT50, lethal temperature killing 50% of the plants) ranged from −9.8 °C (Diamond) to −14.1 °C (DALZ 1812) with a mean of −12.5 °C. Evidence of large patch [Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, anastomosis Group (AG) 2‐2 LP] in the top 10 DALZ genotypes was 15 to 40% lower than Meyer on several dates. Results indicate that there are multiple genotypes for potential release in the future with improved turf color, winter hardiness, freeze tolerance, large patch resistance, and finer leaf texture suitable for USDA plant hardiness zones ranging between 5b and 8a.
The potential of gas plasma technology for targeting breast cancer
Authors: Bekeschus Sander , Saadati Fariba , Emmert Steffen
Published: August 2022

Despite therapeutic improvements in recent years, breast cancer remains an often fatal disease. In addition, breast cancer ulceration may occur during late stages, further complicating therapeutic or palliative interventions. In the past decade, a novel technology received significant attention in the medical field: gas plasma. This topical treatment relies on the partial ionization of gases that simultaneously produce a plethora of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Such local ROS/RNS overload inactivates tumour cells in a non‐necrotic manner and was recently identified to induce immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD). ICD promotes dendritic cell maturation and amplifies antitumour immunity capable of targeting breast cancer metastases. Gas plasma technology was also shown to provide additive toxicity in combination with radio and chemotherapy and re‐sensitized drug‐resistant breast cancer cells. This work outlines the assets of gas plasma technology as a novel tool for targeting breast cancer by summarizing the action of plasma devices, the roles of ROS, signalling pathways, modes of cell death, combination therapies and immunological consequences of gas plasma exposure in breast cancer cells in vitro, in vivo, and in patient‐derived microtissues ex vivo.