bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kes Aktif Covid-19 Di Malaysia Menggunakan Permodelan Matematik S-I-R; Kajian Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Fasa 1
Authors: Azrul Azim Mohd Yunus  , Arif Asraf Mohd Yunus  , Muhammad Safwan Ibrahim  , Ismail Shahrina
Published: January 2022

Dalam konteks penyebaran COVID-19, permodelan matematik telah menjadi satu komponen penting dalam merangka strategi bagi mengambil langkah awal dalam menangani penularan wabak. Dalam kajian ini, model SIR (“Susceptible” – “Infected” – “Removed”) digunakan bagi meramalkan tindak balas wabak COVID-19 di Malaysia. Menggunakan data rasmi daripada Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, didapati kes puncak Ketika PKP 1.0 berlaku pada t=21 hari (8 April 2020) dengan kadar jangkitan a = 0.19. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa wujud perbezaan yang ketara sekiranya bilangan penduduk yang berpotensi dijangkiti S(0) dikurangkan, di mana puncak kes aktif dapat dikurangkan dengan begitu ketara (kes aktif puncak berlaku pada t=81, dengan peratusan kes berjumlah S(81) = 8.7%). Jadi, adalah amat penting bagi mematuhi arahan – arahan serta SOP yang digariskan oleh pihak kerajaan bagi menghentikan jangkitan pandemik COVID-19.
Gejala Stres dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Era Covid 19: Satu Analisis di Fakulti Pengajian Quran dan Sunnah, USIM
Authors: Zainora Daud  , Noorazman Alias  , Anuar Hasin
Published: January 2022

The implication of high-stress symptoms will lead to unhealthy personalities and thoughts. It also affected learning performance by reducing physical health level and increased social issues. Hence, objectives of this study are to identify students' background and to analyze stress symptoms from physical, psychological, mental disorders, and behavioral aspects during the online learning process in Covid-19 era. This is a quantitative study, and data were collected by distributing questionnaires among second-year students, Bachelor of Qiraat Studies with Honours, USIM. Descriptive analysis method that was applied during data analysis includes frequent, percentage, and mean score by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows Version 19 (SPSS) software. Based on results, students' stress level are moderate. However, some items in stress symptoms construct are in high level. As a conclusion, stress symptoms can be controlled and well-managed by relying on Allah and placing trust in Him while facing Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, a good personal identity will be developed and improved.

Abstrak

Implikasi gejala stres yang tinggi akan membentuk peribadi dan pemikiran yang tidak sihat sehingga boleh menjejaskan prestasi pembelajaran. Bahkan boleh menyumbang kepada penurunan tahap kesihatan jasmani serta peningkatan masalah sosial. Lantaran itu, objektif kajian ini untuk mengenal pasti latar belakang pelajar dan menganalisis gejala stres daripada aspek fizikal, psikologikal, gangguan fikiran dan tingkah laku ketika proses pembelajaran secara dalam talian era Covid 19. Kajian ini berbentuk kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui instrumen soal selidik yang telah diedarkan kepada para pelajar tahun dua, Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pengajian Qiraat dengan Kepujian, USIM. Kaedah analisis deskriptif yang digunakan dalam penganalisisan data merangkumi kekerapan, peratusan dan skor min dengan perisian Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows Version 19 (SPSS). Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tahap stres para pelajar berada di tahap sederhana, namun terdapat beberapa item dalam konstruk gejala stres yang berada di tahap tinggi. Kesimpulannya, pergantungan yang kuat kepada Allah SWT mampu mengawal dan mengurus gejala stres dengan baik ketika mendepani pandemik Covid 19 supaya dapat membina jati diri dan keperibadian murni dalam diri seseorang.
تحديات التعليم الرقمي للغة العربية بالجامعات الماليزية في زمن جائحة فيروس كورونا
Authors: Ashwaq Mohammad Salleh Kenali  , Hanan Salleh  , Manal Jusoh  , Nawal Abdullah
Published: January 2022

The goal of the study was to determine the challenges that Arabic language lecturers in Malaysian universities face when teaching Arabic to non-native speakers using digital education during the Coronavirus pandemic, as well as the extent of the effectiveness of digital education in teaching Arabic to non-Arabic-speaking students, and what challenges they face.  In order to suit the nature of the research and its objectives, the researchers resorted to employing the descriptive approach based on the identified problem of the study. The current study aims to define and analyze the digital education situations for teaching Arabic in Malaysian universities. The data was obtained utilizing an interview method to access the intended metadata, and it was conducted with (6) lecturers from various Malaysian universities that used digital education to teach Arabic to non-native speakers during their home isolation. The NVIVO program was also used to evaluate the interview data in order to determine the issues they confront. According to the findings of the study, the use of digital education in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers has encountered numerous challenges in asynchronous education, educational platforms, fees and costs, updating information, cooperative learning, scalability, awareness, low adoption rate, communication problem, digital illiteracy, electronic content, participation and interaction during the lesson. According to the findings, it is critical to keep up with the changes and use technology and digital in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. The challenges of digital education that the Arabic language faces today in terms of teaching the language to non-Arabic speakers is a reality that everyone faces in all modern and emerging aspects that leave an effective imprint in the future.
Covid-19 Decision Making Intelligence during Disasters Management
Authors: Ismail Anita , Mat Isa Rosmah , Muda @ Ismail Farah Laili , Marzuki Ainulashikin , Mohd Zaizi Nurzi Juana , Mohd Rafei Heng Nur Fatin Nabila , Sakinah Ahmad
Published: January 2022

As the coronavirus (COVID-19) spreads from China to neighbouring areas and beyond, increased national and international efforts are underway to contain the epidemic. Humanity is increasingly confronted with a diverse array of man-made and natural disasters. While emergency circumstances cannot be avoided, they may be managed more efficiently. Effective emergency management requires thorough planning, informed reaction, and well-coordinated actions throughout the emergency management life cycle. According to the literature, data-driven emergency management information systems that are well-integrated help in disaster management operations. Recent advances in molecular and computational techniques, as well as in information and communication technologies (ICTs), artificial intelligence (AI), and Big Data, can assist in managing the massive, unprecedented amount of data generated by public health surveillance, real-time epidemic outbreak monitoring, trend nowcasting/forecasting, routine situation briefing and updating from governmental institutions and organisms, and health facility utilisation. This study could be tailored to assist organisations in adapting to their new normal.
Niveles de resiliencia emocional y el aprendizaje virtual, en los estudiantes de la carrera de turismo - UTB
Authors: Rivera García Christian , Cáneppa Cecilia , Guijarro Victoria , Izurieta Maricela
Published: January 2022

Resistance, support and adaptability are the basis of the resilience that allows for activities with a high stress discharge in university learning processes. In higher education, resilience is a significant ability for gradual emotional change and transformation, which allows to expand the possibilities of the human being in the face of different difficult contextual realities. The objective of this research was to identify levels of emotional resilience to improve virtual learning in academic undergraduate vocational training activities. As a scenario for the application of this research, it was considered to carry out types of research such as: descriptive, exploratory, explanatory and correlational, using methods of analysis, synthesis, inductive, deductive, ethnographic, and critical partner in application of a questionnaire to conduct the survey of students from Tourism Career of the UTB in support of the survey applied to 203 participants were obtained as results that the group surveyed shows an average capacity of resilience, with emotional difficulties to face unexpected actions in their family and university life, in the field of virtual learning students have developed new strategies to learn from an investigative order, improving their expertise in the use of technological tools, participants have developed synchronous activities creating new experiences, and emotional strengths, individual and group, these results demonstrate an interest in the acquisition of social and academic links, technology allows to regenerate the intuitive spirit of cutting-edge students in problem solving and decision making processes.
In vitro Antioxidant and In vivo Analgesic Activities of Citrullus lanatus Rind and Flesh Extract: A Comparison
Authors: Islam Mohammad Ashraful , Shahriar Saimon , Hossain Tanveer , Sikdar KM Yasif Kayes , Al Hossain ASM Monjur , Sarkar Md Raihan , Ali Mohammad Shawkat
Published: January 2022

The present study was carried out to assess and compare the analgesic and antioxidant potential of Citrullus lanatus rind and flesh extract. The methanolic extract of the rind and ethyl acetate extract of the flesh were evaluated for their in vivo analgesic activity through the acetic acid-induced writhing method on Swiss Albino mice. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was measured by total phenolic content measurement and the DPPH method. The flesh extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the rind extract in both methods. In case of the evaluation of analgesic activity, the results were obtained in a dose dependent manner. At 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, both extracts displayed moderate analgesic property in a statistically significant manner (p < 0.05) with respect to aceclofenac sodium. The flesh extract was found to provide a better effect than the rind extract in this case as well. It may be concluded that the ethyl acetate extract of C. lanatus flesh and the methanolic extract of the rind possessed potential antioxidant and analgesic activities and might be used as sources of nutraceuticals or functional foods.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(1): 67-72, 2022 (January)
Current Health News Vol. 25(1)
Authors: Hossain Md Akbar
Published: January 2022

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(1): 121-124, 2022 (January)
Comportamiento epidemiológico de los casos de intoxicaciones por solventes en Colombia, 2011 - 2015
Authors: Gómez Ortega Luis Carlos , Muñoz Guerrero María Nathalia
Published: January 2022

Introducción: Los Solventes son frecuentemente las primeras sustancias químicas a las que se exponen los niños por su fácil acceso en el hogar, considerándose un problema importante de salud pública; los objetivos del estudio fueron identificar las características demográficas y sociales de la población colombiana intoxicada por solventes, medir el comportamiento de estas en el territorio colombiano, identificar el tipo de exposición y medir las muertes registradas durante los años 2011 a 2015.
Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo descriptivo retrospectivo, en el que se analizaron las variables de interés obtenidas de las bases de datos de casos registrados, calculando proporciones de datos nominales y tablas de frecuencias, así como análisis univariados y bivariados.
Resultados: el 64,8 % de los implicados en las intoxicaciones por solventes fueron los menores, con un predominio en los hombres para la exposición accidental y en mujeres para la intencional suicida. La mezcla de hidrocarburos fue el producto más frecuente.
Conclusiones: Las intoxicaciones con solventes se presentan principalmente en menores, la principal forma de afectación en la población es de tipo accidental con una mayor p
Análisis del seguimiento al cumplimiento de los lineamientos de vigilancia en salud pública, Colombia, 2015
Authors: Jiménez Katherine , Huguett Claudia , Martínez Máncel
Published: January 2022

Introducción: los lineamientos, son directrices dadas para orientar las acciones tendientes a fortalecer el proceso de vigilancia y control de Eventos de Interés en Salud Pública; los objetivos específicos del estudio fueron describir el cumplimiento del envío de información establecida en los “Lineamientos de vigilancia y control en salud pública” 2015, identificar entidades territoriales que cumplen, medirlas con respecto al cumplimiento de los lineamientos y establecer mecanismos de consecución de información de la entidad territorial.
Metodología: se hizo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, apoyados en una matriz de seguimiento de los lineamientos de los 119 productos definidos para ser remitidos al Instituto Nacional de Salud con periodicidad definida (mensual, trimestral, semestral y anual); los resultados principales se midieron como proporciones.
Resultados: las entidades territoriales cumplieron los lineamientos generales en el 76,7%, con el Sivigila en el 97,6%, para comunicación del riesgo en el 26,4%, para búsqueda activa institucional y búsqueda activa comunitaria en las enfermedades inmuno prevenibles en el 54,2%, para micobacterias en el 72,2%, para zoonosis en el 55,6%, para búsqueda activa institucional de infecciones de transmisión sexual con el 52,8%, para enfermedades transmitidas por vectores
con el 34,0%, para enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos en el 33,3%, para maternidad segura en el 31,7%, para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en el 37,3% y para vigilancia nutricional en el 40,3%.
Conclusión: los lineamientos son herramientas para facilitar la construcción y ejecución del comportamiento de los eventos bajo vigilancia.
Comunicación de los riesgos en salud pública
Authors: Gómez Rivadeneira Alexander , Caicedo Montaño Camilo Alberto , Díaz Moreno Jorge Luis , Velandia Nieto Luz Mary
Published: January 2022

La gestión del riesgo está compuesta de múltiples componentes, dentro de los cuales ha aumentado la relevancia de la comunicación del riesgo, como la principal herramienta para brindar a la población la información necesaria sobre un evento en salud. Una población informada tiene mayor conciencia de la existencia de los riesgos, de sus desencadenantes y de las posibles acciones que se puedan instaurar para disminuir su vulnerabilidad ante la enfermedad o para mitigar los daños generados. Buscando entender mejor los fundamentos de la comunicación del riesgo se presenta la evolución de este concepto y su relación con otros aspectos de la gestión del riesgo (como la percepción del riesgo y la amplificación social del riesgo) que permitirán facilitar el dialogo de todas las partes involucradas; la comprensión conceptual de la comunicación del riesgo y sus componentes.
Objetivo: identificar elementos conceptuales de la comunicación del riesgo en salud púbica, que permitan la implementación de estrategias efectivas y eficaces, disminuyendo la incertidumbre y de los riesgos en salud.
Resultados: se identificaron los elementos constitutivos de la comunicación del riesgo y su importancia en la Salud Pública como estrategia, donde el riesgo sea informado según las interpretaciones culturales del mensaje teniendo en cuenta los principios de la comunicación del riesgo.
Conclusiones: la comunicación de los riesgos promueve el conocimiento y la comprensión de los riesgos conocidos y desconocidos, a través de información sensibilizada y planificada para responder inquietudes y disminuir la ansiedad de la comunidad.
Estudio de conglomerado de casos de hepatitis B en el Establecimiento Penitenciario de Mediana y Alta Seguridad (EPMAS) “Doña Juana”, municipio La Dorada (Caldas), año 2014
Authors: Tolosa Pérez Natalia , Cuéllar Espítia Constanza , Quijada Bonilla Hernán , Pacheco Oscar Eduardo , Escalante Martha , Usme Ciro Jose , Peláez Dioselina
Published: January 2022

Antecedentes: En el primer trimestre de 2014, el Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) es informado sobre 6 casos de síndrome febril ictérico en el EPMAS La Dorada. Dado el antecedente de un brote de hepatitis B en el año 2009, se coordinan acciones para confirmar la existencia de un nuevo brote.
Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de un brote de hepatitis B en el centro penitenciario, realizar una búsqueda activa institucional de casos asintomáticos y; describir los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los internos frente al riesgo de infección del virus.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo tipo transversal que incluyó la descripción del brote; recolección de muestras de sangre (previo consentimiento informado) para diagnóstico serológico con HBsAg, neutralización, AntiHBs y AntiHBc total; análisis de genotipos circulantes del virus en el primer conglomerado de casos; aplicación de una encuesta CAP (conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas); seguimiento clínico y serológico a internos con diagnóstico previo al estudio.
Resultados: Se tomaron 83 muestras de sangre y se aplicaron 229 encuestas CAP. Se confirmaron 15 casos de hepatitis B (0.90%): seis del conglomerado inicial (40%), siete sintomáticos al momento del estudio (46.6%), dos internos asintomáticos (13.33%). La consulta al servicio de odontología (con limitaciones en el proceso de esterilización) es frecuente (81.22%). Las secuencias filogenéticas de las muestras evidencian dos diferentes linajes del virus (ambos del genotipo F3).
Conclusión: Existen conductas de riesgo para la transmisión del virus como uso compartido de elementos de peluquería y relaciones sexuales sin protección. Hay una percepción elevada del riesgo de contraer la enfermedad al interior de la cárcel. Los dos linajes del virus sugieren dos diferentes cadenas de transmisión en el conglomerado, no se identificaron los mecanismos de contagio. El estudio entregó evidencia para adoptar un plan de inmunización completo a internos susceptibles de infectar.
Estrategia de vigilancia participativa mediante dispositivos móviles Guardianes de la Salud: visita del Papa Francisco a Colombia, septiembre de 2017
Authors: Osorio Arango Karime , Brant Jonas , Ganem Fabiana , Moraes Jonathan , Guimaraes Luan , Pinheiro Vinicius , De Andrade Vanesa , Beltrán Durán Mauricio , Prieto Alvarado Franklyn
Published: January 2022

Introducción: las tecnologías móviles por su fácil uso y gran difusión se han convertido en una herramienta importante en salud pública, permitiendo identificar brotes de manera temprana como complemento de la vigilancia tradicional. El objetivo fue analizar los datos de una aplicación móvil para detectar rápidamente enfermedades de interés en salud pública relacionadas con la visita del Papa Francisco a Colombia.
Métodos: se utilizó vigilancia participativa por medio de la aplicación móvil Guardianes de la Salud, implementada para Colombia en dispositivos Android, adaptada del desarrollo de Proepi y Ministerio de Salud de Brasil para los Juegos Olímpicos de Rio de Janeiro 2014. Se interrogó sobre 20 síntomas que permitían detectar síndromes respiratorios, febriles, gastrointestinales, exantémicos e ictéricos, relacionados con eventos de interés en salud pública. Se preguntaba por antecedentes de viaje y contacto con otros enfermos. Se monitorearon los datos durante los días de visita del Papa al país y hasta siete días después.
Resultados: se recibieron 936 reportes, 60,2% (283) fueron de Bogotá, 23,0% (215) del departamento del Meta y 22,0% (206) de Antioquia, se recibieron también reportes de otros países como Brasil (21), Estados Unidos, Panamá (3), Chile (2) y Costa Rica (1). El 55,1% (516) fueron mujeres, el promedio de edad fue 39 años (D.E. 12,3). El 8,5% (80) reportaron su estado de salud mal, siendo el principal síntoma dolor de cabeza en el 41,3% (33), seguido de malestar 40,0% (32) y congestión nasal 38,8% (31). El 53,7% (43) de los reportes estuvieron asociados a alguno de los síndromes priorizados, siendo el principal el febril en 22 casos y gastrointestinal en 11.
Conclusión: no se detectaron conglomerados de casos de importancia en salud pública. La herramienta permitió involucrar al público general en la notificación de su estado de salud. Es necesario promover el uso de esta aplicación ya que medida que aumenta el número de usuarios, también aumenta la sensibilidad que brinda el monitoreo ampliado de la vigilancia participativa.
Remote Delivery of MBA Management Consulting Projects for Corporate Sponsors: A Pivotal Twelve Months During the 2020-21 Global Pandemic
Authors: Pilafidis, Ph.D. Emile
Published: January 2022

The experience of delivering remotely MBA management consulting projects sponsored by major corporations is described, as it evolved during the pandemic in Spring 2020, and continued for over a year into Spring 2021. The traditional experiential learning approach, involving student teams working in-person (both in class and with company personnel), was severely disrupted and had to drastically change to an online experience.
Results show that the pivot to this mode was largely successful, based on positive feedback from all stakeholders (students, company personnel, school administrators, and faculty). Limitations included team difficulties coordinating project tasks effectively and missing out on developing stronger ties with their colleagues and with the companies.
As conditions evolve, such experiential learning courses will need to adapt accordingly, using technology and new ways of managing individual and team tasks. It is also expected, that these experiences will possibly generate hybrid approaches to learning, involving combinations of in-person and online elements, that will result in even better models of teaching and learning.
Det är svårt att se helheten i tekniska system
Authors: Fägerstam Emilia
Published: January 2022

Kunskap om tekniska system är ett viktigt innehåll i teknikämnet. Ny forskning visar dock att blivande tekniklärare har svårt att identifiera de osynliga delarna i ett system. Lärarutbildningar behöver därför ha en tydlig helhetssyn i sin undervisning om tekniska system.
Role of Acetaldehyde in Ethanol Reversal of Tolerance to Morphine-Induced Respiratory Depression in Mice
Authors: Hill Rob , Conibear Alexandra , Dewey William , Kelly Eamonn , Henderson Graeme
Published: January 2022

Background:Opioid users regularly consume other drugs such as alcohol (ethanol). Acute administration of ethanol rapidly reverses tolerance to morphine-induced respiratory depression. However, recent research has suggested that the primary metabolite of ethanol, acetaldehyde, may play a key role in mediating the CNS effects seen after ethanol consumption. This research investigated the role of acetaldehyde in ethanol reversal of tolerance to morphine-induced respiratory depression.

Methods:Tolerance was induced in mice by 6-days implantation of a 75 mg morphine pellet with control mice implanted with a placebo pellet. Tolerance was assessed by acute morphine administration on day 6 and respiration measured by plethysmography. Levels of acetaldehyde were inhibited or enhanced by pre-treatments with the acetaldehyde chelator D-penicillamine and the inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase disulfiram respectively.

Results:Morphine pellet implanted mice displayed tolerance to an acute dose of morphine compared to placebo pellet implanted controls. Acute acetaldehyde administration dose-dependently reversed tolerance to morphine respiratory depression. As previously demonstrated, ethanol reversed morphine tolerance, and this was inhibited by D-penicillamine pre-treatment. An acute, low dose of ethanol that did not significantly reverse morphine tolerance was able to do so following disulfiram pre-treatment.

Conclusion:These data suggest that acetaldehyde, the primary metabolite of ethanol, is responsible for the reversal of morphine tolerance observed following ethanol administration.
Applications of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Cardiovascular Research
Authors: Fan Yu , Zhou Han , Liu Xuexue , Li Jingyan , Xu Ke , Fu Xiaodong , Ye Lei , Li Guang
Published: January 2022

In recent years, cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of global disease burden. Extensive efforts have been made across basic, translational, and clinical research domains to curb the CVD epidemic and improve the health of the population. The successful completion of the Human Genome Project catapulted sequencing technology into the mainstream and aroused the interests of clinicians and scientific researchers alike. Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which is based on the transcriptional phenotypes of individual cells, have enabled the investigation of cellular fate, heterogeneity, and cell–cell interactions, as well as cell lineage determination, at a single-cell resolution. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the embryological development of the cardiovascular system and the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular disease, as revealed by scRNA-seq technology. In particular, we discuss how scRNA-seq can help identify potential targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and conclude with future perspectives for scRNA-seq.
Mucus Hypersecretion and Ciliary Impairment in Conducting Airway Contribute to Alveolar Mucus Plugging in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Peng Yang , Wang Zhao-Ni , Xu Ai-Ru , Fang Zhang-Fu , Chen Shi-Ying , Hou Xiao-Tao , Zhou Zi-Qing , Lin Hui-Min , Xie Jia-Xing , Tang Xiao Xiao , Wang De-Yun , Zhong Nan-Shan
Published: January 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease attributed to the complex interplay of genetic and environmental risks. The muco-ciliary clearance (MCC) system plays a critical role in maintaining the conduit for air to and from the alveoli, but it remains poorly understood whether the MCC abnormalities in conducting airway are involved in IPF pathogenesis. In this study, we obtained the surgically resected bronchi and peripheral lung tissues from 31 IPF patients and 39 control subjects, and we sought to explore the morphologic characteristics of MCC in conducting airway by using immunostaining and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In the submucosal regions of the bronchi, we found that the areas of mucus glands (MUC5B+) were significantly larger in IPF patients as compared with control subjects (p < 0.05). In the surface epithelium of three airway regions (bronchi, proximal bronchioles, and distal bronchioles), increased MUC5B and MUC5AC expression of secretory cells, decreased number of ciliated cells, and increased ciliary length were observed in IPF patients than control subjects (all p < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression levels of MUC5B were up-regulated in both the bronchi and peripheral lung of IPF patients than those of control subjects (p < 0.05), accompanied with 93.55% IPF subjects who had obvious MUC5B+ mucus plugs in alveolar regions. No MUC5B rs35705950 single-nucleotide polymorphism allele was detected in both IPF patients and control subjects. Our study shows that mucus hypersecretion and ciliary impairment in conducting airway are major causes of mucus plugs in alveolar regions and may be closely related to the alveolar injuries in IPF patients.
Seeding Chiral Ensembles of Prolinated Porphyrin Derivatives on Glass Surface: Simple and Rapid Access to Chiral Porphyrin Films
Authors: Magna Gabriele , Traini Tanja , Naitana Mario Luigi , Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Domenici Fabio , Paradossi Gaio , Venanzi Mariano , Di Natale Corrado , Paolesse Roberto , Monti Donato , Stefanelli Manuela
Published: January 2022

An easy and fast method to achieve chiral porphyrin films on glass is herein reported. The on-surface formation of organized supramolecular architectures with distinctive and remarkable chiroptical features strictly depends on the macrocycles used, the solvent chosen for the casting deposition, and most importantly, on the roughness of the glass slide. Dynamic light scattering studies performed on 10−4–10−6 M porphyrin solutions revealed the presence of small porphyrin aggregates, whose size and number increase depending on the initial concentration. Once transferred on surface, these protoaggregates act as nucleation seeds for the following, self-assembling into larger structures upon solvent evaporation, with a process driven by a fine balance between intermolecular and molecule–substrate interactions. The described method represents a straightforward way to fabricate porphyrin-based chiral surfaces onto a transparent and economic substrate in few minutes. The results obtained can be particularly promising for the development of sensors based on stereoselective optical active films, targeting the detection of chiral analytes of practical relevance, such as the so-called emerging pollutants released in the environment from agrochemical, food, and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Catalytic Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Biomass Sugars Toward Biofuel 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Yu Dayong , Luo Hangyu , Li Can
Published: January 2022

The conversion of biomass into high-value chemicals through biorefineries is a requirement for sustainable development. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) contains polysaccharides and aromatic polymers and is one of the important raw materials for biorefineries. Hexose and pentose sugars can be obtained from LCB by effective pretreatment methods, and further converted into high-value chemicals and biofuels, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA), γ-valerolactone (GVL), ethyl levulinate (EL), and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF). Among these biofuels, EMF has a high cetane number and superior oxidation stability. This mini-review summarizes the mechanism of several important processes of EMF production from LCB-derived sugars and the research progress of acid catalysts used in this reaction in recent years. The influence of the properties and structures of mono- and bi-functional acid catalysts on the selectivity of EMF from glucose were discussed, and the effect of reaction conditions on the yield of EMF was also introduced.
The P4 Study: Postpartum Maternal and Infant Faecal Microbiome 6 Months After Hypertensive Versus Normotensive Pregnancy
Authors: Susic Daniella Frances , Wang Leanne , Roberts Lynne Margaret , Bai Michelle , Gia Andrew , McGovern Emily , Jiang Xiao-Tao , Davis Gregory K. , El-Omar Emad , Henry Amanda
Published: January 2022

Objective/Hypothesis

To explore potential differences in faecal microbiome between women, and their infants, who had normotensive pregnancies (NP) and those who had a hypertensive pregnancy (HP), either gestational hypertension (GH) or preeclampsia (PE).

Methods

This is a sub study of P4 (Postpartum Physiology, Psychology, and Paediatrics Study) and includes 18 mother-infant pairs: 10 NP and 8 HP (HP as defined by blood pressure > 140/90mmHg; of which 6 had PE, and 2 GH), six months postpartum. The participating mothers collected stool samples from themselves and their infants. 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicons were used to study the faecal microbiome.

Results

The sample of women and their infants were mostly primiparous (n =16) with vaginal birth (n = 14). At the time of faecal sampling 8 women were using hormonal contraception, and one HP woman remained on an antihypertensive. All women had blood pressure < 130/80mmHg, and 10 had high BMI (> 30). All infants had started solids, 8 were exclusively breastfed, 1 exclusively formula fed and 9 both. Three infants had been exposed to a course of antibiotics. Six months postpartum, there were no significant differences in alpha or beta diversity between the gut microbiota of HP and NP women (P > 0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was detected in alpha diversity between infants following HP and NP, with lower diversity levels in HP infants (P < 0.05). It was also found that at a genus and species level, the gut microbiota of HP women was enriched with Bifidobacterium and Bifidobacterium sp. and depleted in Barnesiella and Barnesiella intestinihominis when compared to NP women (P < 0.05). Similarly, the gut microbiota of infants born from HP was enriched in Streptococcus infantis and depleted in Sutterella, Sutterella sp., Bacteroides sp. and Clostridium aldenense compared to infants born from NP (P < 0.05).

Discussion

While our findings are at best preliminary, due to the very small sample size, they do suggest that the presence of hypertension in pregnancy may adversely affect the maternal microbiota postpartum, and that of their infants. Further analysis of postpartum microbiome data from future studies will be important to validate these early findings and provide further evidence about the changes in the microbiota in the offspring of women following hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including possible links to the causes of long-term cardiovascular disease, the prevalence of which is increased in women who have experienced HDP.
ASB17 Facilitates the Burst of LPS-Induced Inflammation Through Maintaining TRAF6 Stability
Authors: Wan Pin , Yang Ge , Zhang Simeng , Zhang Yaru , Jia Yaling , Che Xu , Luo Zhen , Pan Pan , Li Geng , Chen Xulin , Zhang Qiwei , Zhang Wen , Tan Qiuping , Li Yongkui , Wu Jianguo
Published: January 2022

ASB17, a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing protein (ASB) family, has been supposed to act as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Actually, little is known about its biological function. In this study, we found that ASB17 knocking-out impaired the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines CCL2 and IL-6 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), indicating an inflammation-promoting role of this gene. We reveal that ASB17 promotes LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal activation through interacting with TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) which is a crucial adaptor protein downstream of toll-like receptors (TLR). ASB17 via its aa177–250 segment interacts with the Zn finger domain of TRAF6. The interaction of ASB17 stabilizes TRAF6 protein through inhibiting K48-linked TRAF6 polyubiquitination. Therefore, we suggest that ASB17 facilitates LPS-induced NF-κB activation by maintaining TRAF6 protein stability. The inflammation enhancer role of ASB17 is recognized here, which provides new understanding of the activation process of inflammation and immune response.
Can Non-invasive Ventilation Modulate Cerebral, Respiratory, and Peripheral Muscle Oxygenation During High-Intensity Exercise in Patients With COPD-HF?
Authors: Goulart Cássia da Luz , Caruso Flávia Rossi , de Araújo Adriana Sanches Garcia , Moura Sílvia Cristina Garcia de , Catai Aparecida Maria , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Mendes Renata Gonçalves , Arena Ross , Borghi-Silva Audrey
Published: January 2022

Aim

To evaluate the effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on (1) metabolic, ventilatory, and hemodynamic responses; and (2) cerebral (Cox), respiratory, and peripheral oxygenation when compared with SHAM ventilation during the high-intensity exercise in patients with coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF).

Methods and Results

On separate days, patients performed incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing and two constant-work rate tests receiving NIPPV or controlled ventilation (SHAM) (the bilevel mode—Astral 150) in random order until the limit of tolerance (Tlim). During exercise, oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb+Mb) and deoxyhemoglobin (DeoxyHb+Mb) were assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy (Oxymon, Artinis Medical Systems, Einsteinweg, The Netherlands). NIPPV associated with high-intensity exercise caused a significant increase in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen consumption (V·O2 in mlO2·kg−1·min−1), minute ventilation peak (V·E in ml/min), peak peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2, %), and lactate/tlim (mmol/s) when compared with SHAM ventilation. In cerebral, respiratory, and peripheral muscles, NIPPV resulted in a lower drop in OxyHb+Mb (p < 0.05) and an improved deoxygenation response DeoxyHb+Mb (p < 0.05) from the half of the test (60% of Tlim) when compared with SHAM ventilation.

Conclusion

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation during constant work-rate exercise led to providing the respiratory muscle unloading with greater oxygen supply to the peripheral muscles, reducing muscle fatigue, and sustaining longer exercise time in patients with COPD-HF.
Impact of Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch on Hemodynamics During Exercise in Patients With Aortic Stenosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With a Balloon-Expandable Valve
Authors: Kameshima Haruka , Izumo Masaki , Suzuki Tomomi , Ohara Hiroshi , Sato Yukio , Watanabe Mika , Kuwata Shingo , Okuyama Kazuaki , Kamijima Ryo , Takai Manabu , Kou Seisyou , Tanabe Yasuhiro , Harada Tomoo , Akashi Yoshihiro J.
Published: January 2022

Background

There is no evidence of hemodynamic performance during exercise in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This study aimed to investigate the changes in kinematic hemodynamics during exercise and determine the impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) on the hemodynamics of transcatheter heart valves using exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) in AS patients after TAVI.

Methods and Results

This study enrolled 77 consecutive patients (mean age 82 ± 5 years, 50.6% male) who underwent ESE 3–6 months after TAVI with a balloon-expandable valve. The effective orifice area index at rest was significantly correlated with the mean pressure gradient (PG) during exercise (p <0.001). The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of PPM (PPM and non-PPM groups). During exercise, the patients with PPM had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (74.6 ± 6.1% vs. 69.7 ± 9.6%, p = 0.048), a lower stroke volume index (47.2 ± 14.0 ml/m2 vs. 55.6 ± 14.5 ml/m2, p = 0.037), a significantly higher mean transvalvular PG (21.9 ± 9.1 mmHg vs. 12.2 ± 4.9 mmHg, p = 0.01) and an increased mean PG from rest to exercise (5.7 ± 3.5 mmHg vs. 2.3 ± 2.8 mmHg, p <0.001) compared with patients without PPM. Patients with PPM had a higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure (SPAP) during exercise (57.3 ± 13.8 mmHg vs. 49.7 ± 10.9 mmHg, p = 0.021) and a higher incidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (43.8 vs. 15.0%, p = 0.037) than patients without PPM. PPM was strongly associated with exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (hazard ratio: 3.570, p = 0.013).

Conclusions

AS patients with PPM after TAVI showed a disproportionate increase in the transvalvular PG and SPAP during exercise, and PPM was associated with exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Holocene Monsoonal Variations Over Southern India: Looking Into Its Antecedents
Authors: Resmi M. R. , Achyuthan Hema , Deopa Hritika
Published: January 2022

A proper understanding of the paleoclimatic variability in the Southern Peninsular India demands a high-resolution paleoclimate reconstruction record. Hence, in this paper, we compiled all the available paleoclimate records from various locations across the Southern India that receives the southwest and the northeast monsoon. We delineated the southwest monsoon (SWMR) and Northeast monsoon (NEMR) variations within the Holocene Period based on the existing paleoclimatic record from this region. Paleoclimate records are primarily based on various paleoclimate archives and proxies. A detailed study of these variations unravels, (i) that SWMR gradually intensified since the younger dryas during the Early Holocene period. On the contrary, NEMR records indicate a dry phase during the same period. (ii) During the mid-late Holocene, precipitation in SWMR-dominated regions decreased, whereas precipitation in NEMR-dominated regions shows an increasing trend. (iii) Then, in the late Holocene Period, SWMR exhibits an overall wet phase with a few drier periods, and NEMR shows an intense dry period with shorter wet phases, which can be correlated to the demise of Chola dynasty, in the Southern India.
Laying the Groundwork for STEAM: Scaling and Supporting 3D Design and Printing in Higher Education
Authors: Harron Jason R. , Emert Randy , Thomas Dominic M. , Campana Jeff
Published: January 2022

This perspective article outlines the design and development of a 3D Printing Ecosystem (3DPE) that aims to lay the groundwork for STEAM education. The 3DPE is a coordinated system of hardware, software, and people that has been intentionally designed to scale computer-aided design (CAD) and 3D printing (3DP) at an institutional level. CAD and 3DP are two prime examples of technologies that support STEAM by blending engineering with the arts. These technologies, however, are typically only taught in select university courses that focus on engineering, product development, and industrial design. In recent years, the availability of affordable, reliable, and highly maintainable 3D printers has created an opportunity to infuse CAD and 3DP as a shared set of literacies that can cross disciplinary boundaries. The 3DPE consists of a decentralized series of 3DP labs, a centralized 3DP server, and faculty training. Using a train-the-trainer model, the 3DPE supports STEAM education by training faculty in CAD and 3DP while also providing ongoing curricular support to infuse these skills into their courses through project-based learning. This article provides preliminary examples of how the 3DPE is supporting STEAM education and offers advice for others seeking to replicate the model.
Alpelisib-Induced Diabetes Mellitus: Case Report, Pharmacodynamics and Management Considerations
Authors: Pla Peris Begoña , Arranz Martin Alfonso , Ballesteros García Anabel , Sebastián-Valles Fernando , Marazuela Azpiroz Monica
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Alpelisib is an orally selective PI3K alpha inhibitor recently available for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. PI3K pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway that plays an important role in regulating glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia is the most common adverse event associated.

Methods

We describe the case of a severe hyperglycemia associated with alpelisib treatment in a patient with metastatic breast cancer and previously near-normal glycemia. We analyze the clinical presentation, PI3K inhibitor pharmacodynamic aspects, its influence in glycemic control and the required treatment approach.

Results

An important impairment of glycemic control was observed after initiation of alpelisib. In addition to insulin sensitizers drugs, intensive insulin regimen was necessary. Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) information has been helpful in understanding the pharmacodynamic aspects of alpelisib and insulin titration. Development of hyperglycemia is fast, already observed 24 hours after initiation of therapy. FGM shows severe and persistent hyperglycemia during most of the day, with a significant downward effect in the 4 hours after each daily intake, which evidences the strong but transitory effect of the drug enzyme blockade. C-peptide level is remarkable in accordance with drug pharmacodynamics, consistent with a significant insulin resistance.

Conclusions

Glucose monitoring should always be performed in patients treated with alpelisib, especially in patients with diabetes and prediabetes. It is crucial to anticipate in these patients. Any delay can lead to a worsening in metabolic control resulting in the discontinuation or reduction of alpelisib, which would lead to a decrease in its effectiveness, and consequently would deny patients an effective treatment with an impact on survival.
Research on Advanced Control Method of Multiple Photovoltaic Strings Input Type Recognition
Authors: Wang Yiwang , Zhang Bo , Zhang Yao , Chen Xiaogao
Published: January 2022

In order to decrease the performance effect of a single string in part of a photovoltaic (PV) array and increase the adaptive PV power generation, independent multiple series-connected PV strings are usually adopted in PV system projects to implement the input configuration. Besides, the conversion circuits with multipath inputs are required to be designed for the corresponding inverters to carry out the control algorithms. Since independent and parallel-connected modes exist for the PV string input in actual engineering projects, it is of great significance to effectively identify different PV inputs automatically for inverter inputs. In order to solve the problems of high hardware circuit requirements and complicated control algorithms in most of the existing control methods, a multiple PV string input type recognition method is proposed. Through the proposed software control algorithm, to realize automatically, accurately and quickly identify the external input connection type of the different photovoltaic strings under the external condition changes. The proposed method is free from increasing the inverter hardware cost, and it enhances the capability of identification and judgment. Moreover, experiments and engineering applications are implemented to verify the proposed control method.
The Satisfaction of the Fishermen in the South China Sea With the Summer Fishing Moratorium System and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wu Qiaer , Zhou Yanbo , Ma Shengwei
Published: January 2022

This study investigated the satisfaction of fishermen with the summer fishing moratorium system in the three provinces of the South China Sea through a questionnaire survey and explored the degree of its influencing factors. A multistage random sampling method was used to issue questionnaires to fishermen involved in the summer fishing moratorium. A total of 258 valid questionnaires were collected, and the factors were analyzed them using the factor analysis method by SPSS 23.0 software. The results showed that the variance contribution rate of the first five factors reached 61.859%, and the 11 factors that have potential commonality in influencing fishermen’s satisfaction with the fishing moratorium can be summarized and classified into five more significant factors, such as “economic income during fishing moratorium (16.396),” “illegal fishing boat (12.095),” “fishing moratorium time (12.012),” “law enforcement credibility (11.853),” and “summer fishing moratorium effect (9.503).” According to the factor score calculation, the fishermen’s satisfaction with the fishing moratorium was F = 3.53, and the overall satisfaction was relatively high. This study reveals the satisfaction degree of the fishermen in the South China Sea with the summer fishing moratorium system and its influencing factors, which can provide a basis for improving the summer fishing moratorium system and ensuring the lives of fishermen.