bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The comparative efficacies of intravenous administration and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for reducing postoperative hemarthrosis: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Ma Rui , Wu Mengjun , Li Yongwei , Wang Jialin , Wang Wei , Yang Pei , wang kunzheng
Published: January 2021

Background: Hemarthrosis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can create many adverse joint effects. Tranexamic acid (TXA) can be used to minimize hemarthrosis and associated pain after ACL reconstruction. We aimed to compare the efficacies of intravenous (IV) administration and intra-articular (IA) injection of TXA during ACL reconstruction for reducing postoperative hemarthrosis.Methods: A total of 120 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were included in this prospective and randomized study. All patients were randomized into three groups: IV group, IA group and placebo group. Patients in the IV group received intravenously administered TXA (15 mg/kg in 100 mL of saline solution) 10 minutes before tourniquet release; patients in the IA group received intra-articular TXA (15 mg/kg in 100 mL of saline solution) injected via the drainage tube; and patients in the placebo group received an equivalent volume of normal saline administered into the knee joint cavity and intravenously. Drainage tubes were removed 24 hours after surgery, and all enrolled patients experienced a 4-week follow-up period. The drain output volume, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, patellar circumference, hemarthrosis grade and Lysholm score of all patients were recorded.Results: Both the IV group and the IA group had significantly lower drain output volumes at day 1, lower VAS scores at weeks 1 and 2, smaller patellar circumferences at weeks 1 and 2, and lower hemarthrosis grades at weeks 1 and 2 than the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in drain output volume, VAS score, patellar circumference or hemarthrosis grade between the IV group and the IA group at any time point (p > 0.05). No obvious differences in Lysholm score were observed between any pair of groups at week 4 (p > 0.05)). Neither infection nor deep vein thrombosis occurred in any group.Conclusions: Both intravenous administration and intra-articular injection can reduce intra-articular hemarthrosis, joint pain and swelling during ACL reconstruction. No significant difference in the efficacies of reducing hemarthrosis, joint pain and swelling was found between intravenous administration and intra-articular injection.Trial registration: The study was registered by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (The comparative efficacies of intravenous administration and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; ChiCTR-INR-17012217; August 1, 2017)
Yttrium-90 radioembolization of isolated hepatic adrenocortical carcinoma metastases with negative surgical pathology
Authors: Lu Sen , Dhillon Jasreman , Johnson Julie Hallanger , El-Haddad Ghassan
Published: January 2021

BackgroundAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon malignancy with an estimated 15,400 new cases annually across the globe. The prognosis is generally poor as the disease is often already advanced at initial diagnosis due to non-specific symptoms. Even for local disease, recurrence after surgical resection is high. Treatment choices for advanced disease include Mitotane, chemotherapy, ablation, chemoembolization, radioembolization, and external beam radiotherapy, with varying degrees of efficacy. To the best of our knowledge, there have only been two prior case studies of complete clinical and radiological response of stage 4 disease at 1 year and 2 years after Yttrium-90 (90Y) microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) of isolated hepatic metastases post-surgery and chemotherapy.Case presentationWe present a case of a 58-year-old man with metastatic ACC who was treated with 90Y resin microsphere (SIR-spheres) for local control of liver metastases leading to a surgically-proven negative pathology after partial hepatectomy 7 months after SIRT. The patient was initially diagnosed with stage 1 ACC that progressed 6 years later to stage 4 disease with new liver metastases that were deemed unresectable at an outside institution. After review of the case at multidisciplinary tumor board, he was referred for liver directed therapy for local tumor control. Angiographic work up demonstrated partial extrahepatic supply to the tumors from the right inferior phrenic artery, which was successfully embolized on the day of SIRT for flow redistribution. As the patient was being treated with mitotane that suppresses steroid production, he developed post SIRT adrenal crisis, which was successfully controlled with steroids, highlighting the need for pre SIRT stress dose steroids. ConclusionsThis case continues to add to the literature supporting 90Y radioembolization as an effective treatment for isolated hepatic ACC metastases. Our case is the first to demonstrate surgically proven negative pathology after radioembolization. Further prospective study is warranted to better establish efficacy as well as safety of SIRT for ACC liver metastases.
The novel TRPA1 antagonist BI01305834 inhibits ovalbumin-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs
Authors: Berg Mariska van den , Brinksma Susan Nijboer - , Bos Sophie , Berge Maarten van den , Lamb David , Faassen Martijn van , Kema Ido , Gosens Reinoud , Kistemaker Loes
Published: January 2021

Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease in which the nervous system plays a central role. Sensory nerve activation, amongst others via Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels, contributes to asthma characteristics including cough, bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of the novel TRPA1 antagonist BI01305834 in against AHR and inflammation guinea-pig models of asthma.Methods: First, a pilot study was performed in a guinea-pig model of allergic asthma to find the optimal dose of BI01305834. Next, the effect of BI01305834 on (1) AHR to inhaled histamine after the early and late asthmatic reaction (EAR and LAR), (2) magnitude of EAR and LAR and (3) airway inflammation was assessed. Precision-cut lung slices and trachea strips were used to investigate the bronchoprotective and bronchodilating-effect of BI01305834. Statistical evaluation of differences of in vivo data was performed using a Mann-Whitney U test or One-way nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, for ex vivo data One- or Two-way ANOVA was used, all with Dunnett’s post-hoc test where appropriate.Results: A dose of 1 mg/kg BI01305834 was selected based on AHR and exposure data in blood samples from the pilot study. In the subsequent study, 1 mg/kg BI01305834 inhibited AHR after the EAR, and the development of EAR and LAR elicited by ovalbumin in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs. BI01305834 did not inhibit allergen-induced total and differential cells in the lavage fluid and interleukin-13 gene expression in lung homogenates. Furthermore, BI01305834 was able to inhibit allergen and histamine-induced airway narrowing in guinea-pig lung slices, without affecting histamine release, and reverse allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pig trachea strips.Conclusions: TRPA1 inhibition protects against AHR and the EAR and LAR in vivo and allergen and histamine-induced airway narrowing ex vivo, and reverses allergen-induced bronchoconstriction independently of inflammation. This effect was partially dependent upon histamine, suggesting a neuronal and possible non-neuronal role for TRPA1 in allergen-induced bronchoconstriction.
Sustained remission after haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in a child with refractory systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Morelle Guillaume , Castelle Martin , Pinto Graziella , Breton Sylvain , Bendavid Matthieu , Boussard Charlotte , Mouy Richard , Bader-Meunier Brigitte , Semeraro Michaela , Faye Albert , Cavazzana Marina , Neven Bénédicte , Blanche Stéphane , Quartier Pierre , Moshous Despina
Published: January 2021

Background: Some patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and severe, refractory disease achieved remission through intensive immunosuppressive treatment followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, disease relapsed in most cases. More recently selected SJIA patients received allogenic HSCT from a HLA-identical sibling or a HLA matched unrelated donor. While most transplanted patients achieved sustained SJIA remission off-treatment, the procedure-related morbidity was high.Case report: A girl presented SJIA with a severe disease course since the age of 15 months. She was refractory to the combination of methotrexate and steroids to anti-interleukin (IL)-1, then anti-IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors, and thalidomide. Given the high disease burden and important treatment-related toxicity the indication for a haploidentical HSCT from her mother was validated, as no HLA matched donor was available. The patient received a T replete bone marrow graft at the age of 3.7 years. Conditioning regimen contained Rituximab, Alemtuzumab, Busulfan, and Fludarabine. Cyclophosphamide at D+3 and +4 post HSCT was used for graft-versus-host-disease prophylaxis, followed by Cyclosporin A and Mycophenolate Mofetil. Post HSCT complications included severe infections, grade 3 intestinal graft-versus-host-disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, and immune thrombocytopenia. Three years after HSCT, the child is alive and well, notwithstanding persistent hypothyroidy requiring substitution. Immune thrombocytopenia had resolved. Most importantly, SJIA was in complete remission, off immunosuppressive drugs.Conclusion: Allogenic HSCT may be a therapeutic option, even with a HLA haplo-identical alternative donor, in patients with inflammatory diseases such as SJIA. Despite increased experience with this treatment, the risk of life-threatening complications restrains its indication to selected patients with severe, refractory disease.
Disparity in physician-patient communication by ethnicity: evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Zakaria Muhammad , Karim Rezaul , Rahman Murshida , Cheng Feng , Xu Junfang
Published: January 2021

Background: Physician-patient communication behavior (PPCB) is the primary process by which medical decision-making occurs and health outcome depends. Physician-patient communication differences may partly from the ethnic disparities. To examine this problem, this study aims to explore whether physician-patient communication differs by ethnicity during primary care medical consultations. Methods: The study was conducted among the Bengali and ethnic minority patients (N = 850) who visited a physician for medical consultations. Data were collected using a structured post-consultation questionnaire. T-test was conducted to compare the communication between the Bengali and ethnic minority patients. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with favorable communication behavior from the physicians. Results: Bengali patients received more supportive communication behaviors from the Bengali doctors than that of ethnic minority patients including physicians’ cheerful greetings, encouraging patients to express health problems and asking questions, listening carefully, responding to questions and concerns, explaining to patients about medical examination procedures, medication, probable side effects, discussing treatment options, involved the patients in decisions, and spending adequate time. Results of linear regression showed that respondents’ level of education, internet use, knowledge about the health issue, having a pre-organized plan about the content of medical consultation, information seeking about the health problem, visiting female doctors, and a quiet ambience of the doctor’s room are significantly associated with a better PPCB score for the Bengali patients. In contrast, age, being the resident of an urban area, perception of affecting a minor health problem, having a pre-organized plan about the content of medical consultation, patients’ involvement in physicians’ decision-making about the treatment, and talking time resulted in better physician-patient communication for the ethnic minority patients. Conclusion: This study suggests that reducing disparity in the socio-economic status of the ethnic minority groups through development programs and educating healthcare providers on how to use patient-centered communication skills to engage with their patients is one solution to improve equity in the delivery of healthcare and ensure than patients are receiving high-quality treatment, no matter their race or ethnicity.
Quantitation of cancer treatment response by 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT: multi-center assessment of measurement variability using AUTO-PERCIST™
Authors: O JooHyun , Lim Su Jin , Wang Hao , Leal Jeffrey P. , Shu Hui-Kuo G. , Wahl Richard L.
Published: January 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the reader variability in quantitatively assessing pre- and post-treatment 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) scans in a defined set of images of cancer patients using the same semi-automated analytical software (Auto-PERCIST™), which identifies tumor peak standard uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SULpeak) to determine [18F]FDG PET quantitative parameters.Methods: Paired pre- and post-treatment [18F]FDG PET/CT images from 30 oncologic patients and Auto-PERCIST™ semi-automated software were distributed to 13 readers across US and international sites. One reader was aware of the relevant medical history of the patients (readreference), whereas the 12 other readers were blinded to history but had access to the correlative images. Auto-PERCIST™ was set up to first automatically identify the liver and compute the threshold for tumor measurability (1.5 x liver mean) + (2 x liver standard deviation [SD]), and then detect all sites with SULpeak greater than the threshold. Next, the readers selected sites they believed to represent tumor lesions. The main performance metric assessed was the percent change in the SULpeak (%ΔSULpeak) of the hottest tumor identified on the baseline and follow up images. Results: The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the %ΔSULpeak of the hottest tumor was 0.87 (95%CI: [0.78, 0.92]) when all reads were included (n=297). Including only the measurements that selected the same target tumor as the readreference (n=224), the ICC for %ΔSULpeak was 1.00 (95%CI: [1.00, 1.00]). The Krippendorff alpha coefficient for response (complete or partial metabolic response, versus stable or progressive metabolic disease on PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.0) was 0.91 for all reads (n=380), and 1.00 including for reads with the same target tumor selection (n=270).Conclusion: Quantitative tumor [18F]FDG SULpeak changes measured across multiple global sites and readers utilizing Auto-PERCIST™ show very high correlation. Harmonization of methods to single software, Auto-PERCIST™, resulted in virtually identical extraction of quantitative tumor response data from [18F]FDG PET images when the readers select the same target tumor.
Preoperative C-reactive protein and other inflammatory markers as predictors of postoperative complications in patients with colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Alsaif Sufana , Rogers Ailín C , Pua Priscilla , Casey Paul T , Aherne Geoff G , Brannigan Ann E , Mulsow Jurgen J , Shields Conor J , Cahill Ronan A
Published: January 2021

Background: Inflammatory markers are measured following colorectal surgery to detect postoperative complications. However, the association of these markers preoperatively with subsequent postoperative course has not yet been usefully studied. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the ability of preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) and other inflammatory marker measurements in the prediction of postoperative morbidity after elective colorectal surgery. Methods: This retrospective study catalogues 218 patients undergoing elective, potentially-curative surgery for colorectal neoplasia. Preoperative laboratory results of the full blood count (FBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were recorded. Multivariable analysis was performed to examine preoperative variables against 30-day postoperative complications by type and grade (Clavien-Dindo (CD)), adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, medical history, open versus laparoscopic operation, and tumor characteristics. Results: Elevated preoperative CRP (≥ 5 mg/L) was significantly predictive of all-cause mortality, with an OR of 17.0 (p < 0.001) and was the strongest factor to predict a CD morbidity grade ≥ 3 (OR 41.9, p < 0.001). Other factors predictive of CD morbidity grade ≥ 3 included smoking, elevated preoperative platelet count and elevated preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (OR 15.6, 8.6 and 6.3 respectively, all p < 0.05). CRP values above 5.5 mg/L were indicative of all-cause morbidity (AUC=0.871), and values above 17.5 mg/L predicted severe complications (AUC=0.934). Conclusions: Elevated preoperative CRP predicts increased postoperative morbidity in this patient cohort. The results herein aid risk and resource stratification and encourage preoperative assessment of inflammatory propensity besides simple sepsis exclusion.
Homelessness and Health: A retrospective analysis of medical records from 2006 - 2020 to explore the health and social situation of homeless people in Berlin. A study protocol.
Authors: Lech Sonia , Schenk Liane , Castro Jenny De la Torre , Schindel Daniel
Published: January 2021

Background: Homelessness is often described as both a driver and a consequence of poor health, social exclusion and economic marginalisation. The present protocol provides a detailed description of the study Examining the health situation of homeless people in Berlin: a retrospective analysis of data from the health centre for the homeless of the Jenny De la Torre Foundation from 2006 to 2020 (GIG study). The primary objective of the GIG study is to describe and analyse the social and health situation of homeless people in Berlin. Methods: A retrospective secondary data analysis of an anonymous full census of medical records for the years 2006 until 2020 from a health centre for homeless people will be carried out. The main outcome is the description and analysis of the social and health situation of homeless people in Berlin. Total and cross-sectional sample characteristics will be presented in a descriptive analysis using Chi-Square Test, Mann-Whitney-U-Test or independent t-Test as appropriate to test (sub)group differences. Further, outcomes will be analysed using finite mixture modelling in order to distinguish different types of social and health conditions. Latent variable regressions will be applied in order to identify sociodemographic and disease-related factors associated with decreasing health conditions.Discussion: Given the high number of homeless individuals in Germany, it is of great importance to examine their social and health situation in order to gain a better understanding of challenges and needs of homeless people and work on new approaches and solutions to effectively address these.Trail Registration: The study was prospectively registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (trial registration number: DRKS00021172). Registered 26 June 2020,https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00021172
Hybrid mosquitoes? Evidence from rural Tanzania on how local communities conceptualize and respond to modified mosquitoes as a tool for malaria control
Authors: Finda Marceline Francis , Okumu Fredros Oketch , Minja Elihaika , Njalambaha Rukiyah , Mponzi Winnfrida , Tarimo Brian , Chaki Prosper , Lezaun Javier , Kelly Ann H. , Christofides Nicola
Published: January 2021

Background: Different forms of mosquito modification are being considered as potential high-impact and low-cost tools for future malaria control in Africa. Although still under evaluation, the eventual success of these technologies will require high-level public acceptance. Understanding prevailing community perceptions of mosquito modification is therefore crucial for effective design and implementation of these interventions. This study investigated community perceptions regarding genetically-modified mosquitoes (GMMs) and their potential for malaria control in Tanzanian villages where no research or campaign for such technologies has yet been undertaken.Methods: A mixed-methods design was used, involving: i) focus group discussions (FGD) with community leaders to get insights on how they frame and would respond to GMMs, and ii) structured questionnaires administered to 490 community members to assess awareness, perceptions and support for GMMs for malaria control. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings and thematic content analysis was used to identify key concepts and interpret the findings. Results: Nearly all survey respondents were unaware of mosquito modification technologies for malaria control (94.3%), and reported no knowledge of their specific characteristics (97.3%). However, community leaders participating in FGDs offered a set of distinctive interpretive frames to conceptualize interventions relying on GMMs for malaria control. The participants commonly referenced their experiences of cross-breeding for selecting preferred traits in domestic plants and animals. Preferred GMMs attributes included the expected reductions in insecticide use and human labour. Population suppression approaches, requiring as few releases as possible, were favoured. Common concerns included whether the GMMs would look or behave differently than wild mosquitoes, and how the technology would be integrated into current malaria control policies. The participants emphasised the importance and the challenge of educating and engaging communities during the technology development. Conclusion: Understanding how communities perceive and interpret novel technologies is crucial to the design and effective implementation of new vector control programs. This study offers vital clues on how communities with no prior experience of modified mosquitoes might conceptualize or respond to such technologies when deployed in the context of malaria control programs. Drawing upon existing interpretive frames and locally-resonant analogies when deploying such technologies may provide a basis for more durable public support in the future.
Country innovative development: impact of the shadow economy
Authors: Vysochyna Alina , Kryklii Olena , Minchenko Mariia , Aliyeva Aygun Akbar , Demchuk Kateryna
Published: January 2021

This article generalizes arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion regarding the determination of the influence of illegal economic activity and expansion of the shadow economy on innovative country development. The systematization of the scientific works on the above problems proves that there is no one no complexity and unity in the above-mentioned scientific findings, which, in turn, demonstrates the necessity of further theoretical and empirical search in this sphere. Thus, it was developed a scientific hypothesis about the negative influence of the shadow economy on innovative country development. In order to test this hypothesis it was developed a scientific and methodological approach that consists of several stages: 1) correlation analysis in order to eliminate multicollinearity problem between control variables; 2) analysis of dataset descriptive statistics; 3) running Hausman test in order to clarify specification of the regression model (fixed or random effects model); 4) realization of the panel data regression analysis for the whole country sample and separately for Ukraine, characteristics of its results. Technically all stages of the research are realized with the help of Stata 12/S.E. software. The country sample consists of 9 countries (Azerbaijan, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Ukraine). Time horizon – 2008-2018. Running of the panel data regression analysis (model specification – with fixed effects) allow confirming research hypothesis for the whole country sample (an increase of shadow economy negatively affected innovative country development: an increase of shadow economy to GDP ratio in 1 % leads to the decrease of the Global Innovation Index in 0.5 points). However, it was not proved for Ukraine separately. It leads to the conclusion that innovative development in Ukraine does not highly dependent on the shadow economy scale because of more significant obstacles on the way to innovation adoption (institutional inefficiency, regulatory drawbacks, etc.).
Keywords: innovative economic growth, innovative state management, panel data analysis, shadow economy.
Innovations in Knowledge Management Perspectives: An Empirical Study in the Jordanian Commercial and Islamic Banks
Authors: Alomari Khaled Abdel Kader , Aljawarneh Nader Mohammad , Alomari Ziyad Saleh , Albdareen Rokaya , Alawneh Ahmad
Published: January 2021

This research study aims at developing a knowledge management system to enhance Jordanian Banks Performance. The authors developed the system by examining three variables: knowledge processes, knowledge perspectives, and a balanced scorecard. The research sample included all 327 bank employees (directors, general directors, deputies, assistant managers & chairpersons) working in six commercial and Islamic-commercial Jordanian banks, from which 193 completed the study questionnaire. AMOS software was used to treat and organize the collected data. Path analysis proved that the optimal study model excludes the process of knowledge diagnose from knowledge processes, and considers organizational culture perspective as the best moderating variable through which the system can be applied in Jordanian banks. There is a difference in the effect level of the knowledge management system to enhance performance in the Jordanian commercial and Islamic banks. The obtained results indicate that there is a strong relationship between information technology, knowledge management, and high business values. Banks managements were not keen to share knowledge with universities and research centers. They depended on existing knowledge, developed knowledge by experiments, or borrowed it from other financial institutions. This study confirmed that knowledge management practice contributes to increasing efficacy and experience, contributing in turn to enhancing human capital in knowledge-intensive business services in Spain. Knowledge management use in Jordan banks increased employee’s satisfaction toward using operating business and the quality of knowledge obtained. As a result, banking services and trust in banks increased. Based on the research results, it is recommended that banks managements develop, equip, and update bank systems, recruit professional employees, and seek experts and researcher’s assistance in this regard. Banks managements should adopt models that replace a diagnosis from the knowledge processes with organizational culture. Besides, management should develop banking knowledge and pay attention to other knowledge management processes.
Keywords: knowledge processes, knowledge perspectives, balanced scorecard.
Innovations in Health Care Management: the Effect of the Pandemic on the Labour Market Change
Authors: Kadar Beata , Reicher Regina Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic was identified in 17 days, and the related enormous economic and social impacts have mobilized the global scientific world in almost all areas of science. The leaders of individual countries have to face a challenge that has been unprecedented for many decades. The global pandemic could lead to profound changes in the balance of power, economic operations, and the labor market. In turn, the accompanying measures have brought a lot of changes to everyday life. Although the government of Romania had taken some measures to avoid the collapse of the economy. However, the experts did not regard these as efficient enough. At this time two-thirds of the Hungarian population do not feel that the media exaggerates the severity of the COVID-19 outbreak and the economic consequences of the pandemic are undisputable for the Hungarian people, just like for the Italian and French people who were severely affected by the virus. People have been deprived of the joy of social gatherings, free movement, travel and many of them have even lost their jobs. The primary question at the moment is whether countries could finance the sectors in hardship and whether their inter-dependence regarding the exchange of goods imposes any kind of danger to their citizens. In terms of macro-economy, however, the long-term consequences are much more interesting, and it raises questions like how the countries will be able to handle the situation resulted by the increased unemployment and the different trade relations. This study presents a primary research with the age group of 18-30. The target group is leaders of student unions and academics of four universities. This questionnaire survey aims to examine how the Hungarian and Transylvanian respondents see the prospective economic effects of the current situation on the different sectors of the economy. In addition to the descriptive statistical analysis, the perception of economic impacts was examined with variance analysis concerning different demographic characteristics, and the currently studied subject area. Is the negative attitude prevailing or do the different groups react differently to the state of affairs? The greatest differences in the opinion of respondents could be observed in the area of lifestyle and healthcare. The experts think that the pandemic will result in great changes in the offices, homes, schools, and places of work. Negative aftereffects are not predicted in higher education, sales, and trade. It can be concluded that negative labor market trends are expected, therefore probably the young generation currently studying in higher education will be one of the biggest losers of the virus in the long run. Keywords: COVID 19, pandemic, economic impact, changes in subject areas.
Banking Regulations and Country’s Innovative Development: the Mediating Role of Financial Development
Authors: Mursalov Muslum
Published: January 2021

Promoting innovation requires efficient financial regulations ensuring well-functioning financial markets that play critical roles in reducing financing costs, allocating scarce resources, evaluating innovative projects, and managing risks. The author indicated that rigorous empirical studies that link financial regulation and innovation development are sparse. Thus, this study aims to provide some empirical evidence on linking government interventions, particularly by banking regulations and supervision, and a country’s innovative growth from the perspective of the mediating role of financial development. Specifically, this paper demonstrates that the development of financial markets and financial institutions mediates the path between financial regulation and innovation development in Azerbaijan. The structural equation modeling technique using the statistical package PATH additionally to confirmatory factor analysis in STATISTICA was applied to analyze the data. Contrary to expectations, this study did not find a significant direct impact of changes in regulatory benchmarks related to total CAR and FX loans to total loans on Azerbaijan’s rank in the Global Innovation Index and the volumes of high-technology exports. One of the more significant findings to emerge from this study is that the government regulatory and supervisory interventions in the banking sphere are changing the imprudent financial institutions’ and markets’ behavior. Thereby it contributes to establishing a better developed and sound financial system in terms of their access, depth, and efficiency. Meanwhile, financial institutions’ and markets’ development contributes to the country’s innovative development. This combination of findings provides some support for the conceptual premise that reduction or elimination of government power in the financial markets and institutions leads to exacerbating systemic risk and destabilization of the financial system that could not build extensive innovation capacities to foster growth.
Keywords: banking regulation and supervision, Global Innovation Index (GII), high-technology exports, financial institutions development, financial markets development.
State Financial Management as the Basis for Innovative Development: Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Sadigov Mirdamad Mirsadiq
Published: January 2021

A key element in ensuring effective public activity is the management of state financial resources and coordination of its financial flows. Given the rapid pace of innovative technologies development and the formation of the course of countries’ development towards global digitalization, there is a need to study the relationship between the level of innovative development of the country and its state financial management. This article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the place and prospects of state participation in the formation of the basis for innovative development. The main purpose of the study is to confirm the hypothesis about the functional links between the main components of budgetary resources and the level of innovative development of the country. In this regard, the array of input data is presented in the form of nine independent variables (regressors) and two dependent variables (regressands). Four of the independent variables denote individual budget revenue items, and five – expenditure, while the dependent variables (regressands) identify the level of innovation development countries. The study of the impact of state financial resources on the level of innovative development of the country is carried out in the following logical sequence: the formation of an array of input data; formalization of functional relationships between variables by constructing two-panel multifactor regression models with random effects and interpretation of the obtained results. The object of the study is nine CIS countries and their closest neighbors. The study period covered 2011-2018. The study empirically confirms the above hypothesis, which is evidenced by the following identified dependences. The level of innovation development (presented by the Innovation index) depends on changes in the structure of the state budget, in particular in direct proportion to the Compensation of employees and inversely in proportion to the items Revenue and Other expense. At the same time, the change in research and development expenditures of the country is directly proportional to the items Compensation of employees and Subsidies and other transfers, and inversely proportional to item Tax revenue and expense. The results of the study could be useful for public authorities that provide public financial management and seek to optimize activities to support innovative development.
Keywords: state financial management, government expenses, government revenues, innovative development, CIS countries, regression analyses.
Some Aspects of Information Security in Digital Organizational Management System
Authors: Skrynnyk Olena
Published: January 2021

Organizational development is one of the most important fields of organizational management. With increasing connectivity and digitalization of processes, systems, and data, intrusions via interfaces and subsystems can be affected by the entire system’s security. The manipulation or loss of data in artificial intelligence-based systems takes on a serious role, as the technology learns and acts based on data. Since personal and person-related data and confidential company data are of particular importance, this issue’s relevance is significant. This study aimed to determine the data access limit for digital systems for organizational development and to investigate user attitudes towards the procession of personal data through artificial intelligence. The main purpose is to provide the research results to target selected security and data protection aspects in the design of organizational development systems based on artificial intelligence. Investigation of this topic is carried out in three logical phases. The first phase provides the analysis of scientific publications. It explores how and under which aspects and conditions digital systems for organizational development depend on information security and data protection. The literature review included keyword network analysis in Scopus with further visualization in VOSviewer. The second part provides a targeted data classification according to security classes, which can be directly applied to design organizational development or management software. In the third phase, there is a survey of respondents from Ukraine and Germany to determine the attitudes towards collecting and analyzing personal data through artificial intelligence. The investigation results show the close connection of the subject’s security and data protection with the change management system, privacy, development of technological models in enterprises, applications for and of process analysis, the legislative basis for information security, etc. According to the survey, the respondents from Ukraine show more neutrality in accepting the collection of personal or personal data through artificial intelligence. Across age and nationality, it can be stated that the majority of respondents are not opposed to collecting and analyzing data about the execution of the activity or behavior, personal details, family status, education. Scientists and practitioners can directly use the findings for further applications in developing digital systems for organizational development.
Keywords: information security of organizational development system, artificial intelligence for organizational development, protection of organizational data, protection of personal data.
In Vitro Propagation of Resurrection Plant Selaginella pulvinata Using Frond Tips as Explants
Authors: Yu Rongpei , Cheng Ying , Pu Yanfei , Li Fan , Lu Shugang
Published: January 2021

The resurrection plant Selaginella pulvinata (Hook. & Grev.) Maxim is used as an ornamental and medicinal plant. It is also a good candidate for exploring the desiccation tolerance of resurrection plants. However, there is not an efficient propagation method for S. pulvinata. In the present study, we evaluated the establishment of in vitro propagation of S. pulvinata using frond tips as explants. The original shoot induction, adventitious shoot proliferation and plantlet growth media, and substrate type of plantlet acclimatization were investigated. The highest induction rate of original shoots (61.77 ± 5.17%) was obtained on half-strength (1/2) MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L−1 N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The 1/2 MS with 1.0 mg·L−1 BAP was the most effective medium for the adventitious shoot proliferation. The quarter-strength (1/4) MS containing 0.1% (w/v) active charcoal (AC) was optimum for plantlets proliferated from adventitious shoots and plantlet growth. Approximately 98 plantlets could be obtained from one single original shoot via one-time shoot proliferation cultivation and plantlet cultivation. The acclimated plants on a 5:1 (v/v) mixture of peat and perlite had the highest survival rate (92.13 ± 1.67%). The acclimated plants maintained excellent resurrection ability.
Constructive Principles of Pedagogical Support for the Formation of a Reflexive Position of Students of Early Adolescence
Authors: Kostina Anna Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2021

The article based on analysis of pedagogical and psychological literature to identify early adolescence as a sensitive period for the development of basic sociogenic potencies of human. The results of ascertaining stage of the experiment to determine the level of reflection of first-year students. The author proves the necessity of pedagogical support of first-year students based Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature and empirical material. The author offers constructive principles for effective pedagogical support of the forming reflexive position of first-year students
Natural Products as Potential Agents against SARS-CoV and SARSCoV- 2
Authors: Raimundo e Silva Joanda Paolla , Acevedo Chonny Alexander Herrera , de Souza Thalisson Amorim , de Menezes Renata Priscila Barros , Sessions Zoe L. , Abreu Lucas Silva , Cibulski Samuel Paulo , Scotti Luciana , da Silva Marcelo Sobral , Muratov Eugene N. , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Tavares Josean Fechine
Published: January 2021

Background:

Natural products are useful agents for the discovery of new
lead- compounds and effective drugs to combat coronaviruses (CoV).

Objective:

The present work provides an overview of natural substances, plant extracts, and essential oils as potential antiSARS-CoV agents. In addition, this work evaluates their drug-like properties which are essential in the selection of
compounds in order to accelerate the drug development process.

Methods:

The search was carried out using PubMed, ScienceDirect and SciFinder. Articles
addressing plant-based natural products as potential SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2
agents within the last seventeen years were analyzed and selected. The descriptors for
Chemometrics analysis were obtained in alvaDesc and the principal component analysis
(PCA) was carried out in SIMCA version 13.0.

Results:

Based on in vitro assays and computational analyses, this review covers twentynine
medicinal plant species and more than 300 isolated substances as potential anti-coronavirus
agents. Among them, flavonoids and terpenes are the most promising compound
classes. In silico analyses of drug-like properties corroborate these findings and indicate
promising candidates for in vitro and in vivo studies to validate their activity.

Conclusion:

This paper highlights the role of ethnopharmacology in drug discovery and simulates the use of integrative (in
silico/ in vitro) and chemocentric approaches to strengthen current studies and guide future research in the field of antivirals
agents.
Gender Disparities in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of High Blood Pressure
Authors: Dorobantu Maria , Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina , Scafa-Udriste Alexandru , Onciul Sebastian , Pop Calin , Dorobantu Lucian , Darabont Roxana
Published: January 2021

The gender effects in arterial hypertension (HT) epidemiology remain poorly clarified to date. We
present an up-to-date review of the data regarding gender disparities in HT’s prevalence, awareness, treatment,
and control. Based on the data from three consecutive national-representative SEPHAR (Study for the Evaluation
of Prevalence of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk in Romania) surveys conducted between 2005 and
2016, we provide insights into gender differences in HT’s epidemiology and their 11- years the evolutionary
trend in a high-CV risk European country. Our data displays gender effects in different age-dependent epidemiological
patterns in terms of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control, mainly due to hormonal
status. Hypertension’s prevalence is higher in younger men and older women. Although women are more
often aware of their hypertensive condition and receive more often antihypertensive treatment, BP control is
lower in older women compared to men of the same age, mainly due to a higher treatment side-effect rate.
There is no solid evidence that different antihypertensive drugs exhibit different effects in lowering BP values
between genders. In high CV risk European countries like Romania, if all the influencing conditions remain
similar to those in the past 11 years, gender discrepancies in terms of HT's prevalence will diminish over time,
awareness and treatment of hypertension will continue to be higher in females than in men, with an upward
trend of BP control predicted only for women, while in men HT treatment control rate is expected to stagnate.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pharmacological Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Sotiriadis Alexandros , Chatzakis Christos , Cavoretto Paolo
Published: January 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy
and is defined as glucose intolerance that first emerges or is first recognized during pregnancy. Several factors
increase the risk of a pregnant woman developing gestational diabetes mellitus, and several interventions
have been tested for the prevention of GDM development. The most common pharmacological interventions
that have been assessed are metformin administration, probiotics administration, and vitamin D administration.
However, no intervention appears to be universally superior to placebo/no intervention for the prevention of
GDM. Administration of insulin is the preferred medication for treating hyperglycemia in gestational diabetes
mellitus. Metformin and glyburide are not regarded as first-line agents, as both cross the placenta to the fetus.
Even though there are sufficient data indicating that administration of metformin is safe and effective in women
with GDM, there are very limited data concerning the long-term effects of metformin on the offspring. Furthermore,
glyburide should be used with caution, as it increases the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. Some studies also
show that it increases the risk of macrosomia. Overall, oral agents may be a therapeutic option in women
with GDM after a discussion of the known risks and the need for more long-term safety data in the offspring.
The present review aims to highlight the current scientific status regarding the prevention and treatment of
GDM.
Role of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP1) in Viral Infection and its Implication in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis
Authors: Rajawat Jyotika , Chandra Abhishek
Published: January 2021

Background:

Activation of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), a post-translational
modifying enzyme, has been shown to be involved with several inflammatory and viral diseases.

Objective:

The goal of this review is to highlight the mechanisms underlying PARP1 activation
during viral or infectious pathogenesis and to assess potential possibilities of using PARP1 inhibitors
as a therapeutic countering of SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Methods:

An extensive bibliographic search was done using Pubmed, Mendeley and google scholar
with key words. Pre-prints are reported with potential caveats and studies without experimental
data were excluded.

Results:

Covid-19, a global pandemic; is associated with systemic surge of inflammatory cytokines
resulting in severe inflammation of the lung, heart dysfunction, ischemia, and stroke. PARP1 regulates
expression of NFkB and downstream cytokine production and its inhibition is known to attenuate
the expression of inflammatory cytokines. PARP1 and other PARP family members regulate
viral infection, replication, and virulence. The literature clearly suggests that PARP1 plays an important
role in host-pathogen interactions and pathogenesis, with pre-clinical and in vitro studies
supporting the idea that PARP1 inhibition may negatively affect viability of several viruses including
the replication of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Conclusion:

The current review discusses mechanisms of PARP1 activation during viral infection,
inflammatory diseases, cytokine expression and possibility of PARP1 in regulating cytokine storm
and hyper-inflammation seen with Covid-19. Additionally, in vitro studies showing the negative
regulation of SARS-CoV-2 virus replication by PARP inhibitors indicates a potential therapeutic
role of PARP inhibitors for Covid-19 or its variants.