bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the origin of quasi-coherent modes in low-density KSTAR ECH plasmas
Authors: Lee Woochang , Lee Jaehyun , Lee Dong-Jae , Park Hyeon K.
Published: October 2020

Gradual or abrupt transitions from a coherent mode to quasi-coherent mode (QCM, a type of trapped electron mode turbulence) are observed in the core region of low-density plasmas in Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research. The coherent mode is initiated in the vicinity of the q = 1 surface by off-axis electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECH), and gradually or abruptly evolves into the QCM as the collisionality is slowly or rapidly increased through electron density control. When the collisionality further increases above a critical level, the QCM is changed into broadband turbulence, which has been preferentially observed in tokamak plasmas. The observed evolution of the QCMs suggests that (1) QCMs can originate from a coherent mode in ECH applied low-collisionality plasmas and (2) quasi-coherent spectra of QCMs are closely related with the collisionality in a finite range (‘collisional broadening of the wavenumber and frequency’). The coherent mode appears to be a metastable electrostatic mode at the rational surface excited by off-axis ECH.
Design and implementation of detector control system for muon forward tracker at ALICE
Authors: Yamakawa K. , Augustinus A. , Batigne G. , Chochula P. , Oya M. , Panebianco S. , Pinazza O. , Shigaki K. , Tieulent R. , Yamaguchi Y.
Published: October 2020

ALICE is the experiment at the CERN LHC devoted to study heavy-ion collisions. An upgrade program of the ALICE detector is ongoing toward the LHC Run 3 starting in 2022 together with the upgrade of the data acquisition system and the detector control system (DCS) . One of the main projects of the current ALICE upgrade program is the addition of the muon forward tracker (MFT), a new silicon pixel detector located at forward rapidity. In this paper, we describe the DCS of the MFT detector which is entirely controlled via a finite state machine in a hierarchical system.
Effects of symmetry breaking in the viscous pumping of an oscillating plate in the intermediate Reynolds numbers
Authors: Saffaraval Farhad , Goudarzi Navid
Published: October 2020

Pumping fluid is essential to numerous applications across a wide range of scales from viscous dominated to inertia driven flows. Most traditional applications occur within a range where inertia is the dominating factor influencing the pump performance, and hence many practical designs are based on mechanisms that rely on this assumption. As one explores smaller devices, however, the increasing effect of viscosity renders these traditional mechanisms ineffective. In the current work, a bio-inspired pump is constructed from a two-dimensional oscillating solid and flexible plate to study the effect of diminishing inertia within a narrow channel. The goal is to quantify and better understand the role played by a shift from symmetric to asymmetric kinematics of an oscillating rigid or flexible plate in the transition regime between viscous and inertia dominated flows. This is done through both a temporal asymmetry using a rigid plate (e.g. scallop) and a geometric asymmetry using a passive one-way hinged articulation (e.g. jellyfish). One-way flexibility results in a rigid plate during the effective stroke while permitting a simple hinged articulation during the recovery stroke. The waveform used for the temporally asymmetric case consists of a basic triangle waveform which could generate faster effective strokes than recovery strokes. The results of the single-plate tests indicate that increased asymmetry introduced in the triangular wave actuation leads to increased pumping performance and energy consumption. In the case of flexible plates, the results show that a mass-specific pumping efficiency was higher for a higher actuation frequency at the same Reynolds numbers.
Accelerated in vitro recellularization of decellularized porcine pericardium for cardiovascular grafts
Authors: Filova Elena , Steinerova Marie , Travnickova Martina , Knitlova Jarmila , Musilkova Jana , Eckhardt Adam , Hadraba Daniel , Matejka Roman , Prazak Simon , Stepanovska Jana , Kucerova Johanka , Riedel Tomáš , Brynda Eduard , Lodererova Alena , Honsova Eva , Pirk Jan , Konarik Miroslav , Bacakova Lucie
Published: October 2020

An ideal decellularized allogenic or xenogeneic cardiovascular graft should be capable of preventing thrombus formation after implantation. The antithrombogenicity of the graft is ensured by a confluent endothelial cell layer formed on its surface. Later repopulation and remodeling of the scaffold by the patient’s cells should result in the formation of living autologous tissue. In the work presented here, decellularized porcine pericardium scaffolds were modified by growing a fibrin mesh on the surface and inside the scaffolds, and by attaching heparin and human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to this mesh. Then the scaffolds were seeded with human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). While the ASCs grew only on the surface of the decellularized pericardium, the fibrin-modified scaffolds were entirely repopulated in 28 d, and the scaffolds modified with fibrin, heparin and VEGF were already repopulated within 6 d. Label free mass spectrometry revealed fibronectin, collagens, and other extracellular matrix proteins produced by ASCs during recellularization. Thin layers of human umbilical endothelial cells were formed within 4 d after the cells were seeded on the surfaces of the scaffold, which had previously been seeded with ASCs. The results indicate that an artificial tissue prepared by in vitro recellularization and remodeling of decellularized non-autologous pericardium with autologous ASCs seems to be a promising candidate for cardiovascular grafts capable of accelerating in situ endothelialization. ASCs resemble the valve interstitial cells present in heart valves. An advantage of this approach is that ASCs can easily be collected from the patient by liposuction.
Shorter cyclone clusters modulate changes in European wintertime precipitation extremes
Authors: Bevacqua Emanuele , Zappa Giuseppe , Shepherd Theodore G
Published: October 2020

Wintertime extreme precipitation from cyclone clusters, i.e. consecutive cyclones moving across the same region, can lead to flooding and devastating socio-economic impacts in Europe. Previous studies have suggested that the future direction of the changes in these events are uncertain across climate models. By employing an impact-based metric of accumulated precipitation extremes, we show that projections of cyclone clusters are instead broadly robust, i.e. consistent in sign, across models. A novel physical diagnostic shows that accumulated precipitation extremes are projected to grow by only +1.0 %/K on average across Europe, although the mean precipitation per cyclone increases by +4.7 %/K. This results from a decreased number of clustered cyclones, associated with decreased wintertime storminess, the extent of which varies from northern to southern Europe and depends on the future storyline of atmospheric circulation change. Neglecting the changes in the number of clustered cyclones, i.e. assuming that accumulated precipitation extremes would change as the mean precipitation per cyclone, would lead to overestimating the population affected by increased accumulated wintertime precipitation extremes by 130–490 million across Europe.
Changes in building climate zones over China based on high-resolution regional climate projections
Authors: Shi Ying , Wang Guiling
Published: October 2020

Based on the up-to-date observations and five sets of high-resolution climate projections under RCP4.5 over East Asia using a regional climate model, this study defines building climate zones over China and assesses their past and future changes according to an established climate classification scheme. The five-model ensemble captures the observed general distribution of climate zones, with a distinct latitudinal pattern over the densely populated eastern China, a subarctic zone in the western mountains including the Tibetan Plateau and a cool dry zone in the Tarim and Turpan basins; large disparities are found in northwestern China due to warm and dry biases. Observational data identifies a recent northward shift of most climate zones in eastern China and a shrinking of the subarctic climate zones over the Tibetan Plateau, which caused a building climate zone change for 18% of the country’s land area. As the warming continues in the future, the five-model ensemble projects additional climate zone changes influencing 43% and 55% of the country by mid- and late-century, respectively. In addition, the total area of the subarctic zone is projected to decrease from 16.6% of the country in present-day climate to 9.2% and 7.4% in the mid- and late-century, respectively, and that of the hot or very-hot climate zone is projected to expand from 4.2% to 9.1% and 11.3%, respectively. These changes should be taken into consideration in long-term development planning related to urbanization, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability.
Basis decompositions and a Mathematica package for modular graph forms
Authors: Gerken Jan E
Published: October 2020

Modular graph forms (MGFs) are a class of non-holomorphic modular forms which naturally appear in the low-energy expansion of closed-string genus-one amplitudes and have generated considerable interest from pure mathematicians. MGFs satisfy numerous non-trivial algebraic- and differential relations which have been studied extensively in the literature and lead to significant simplifications. In this paper, we systematically combine these relations to obtain basis decompositions of all two- and three-point MGFs of total modular weightw+w̄⩽12, starting from just two well-known identities for banana graphs. Furthermore, we study previously known relations in the integral representation of MGFs, leading to a new understanding of holomorphic subgraph reduction as Fay identities of Kronecker–Eisenstein series and opening the door toward decomposing divergent graphs. We provide a computer implementation for the manipulation of MGFs in the form of theMathematicapackageModularGraphFormswhich includes the basis decompositions obtained.
Communication Support Tool With Data Glove Concept For People With Hearing Disability Using Kansai Engineering Method
Authors: Syahriza  , Zuhri S , Adilah M
Published: October 2020

The difficulty of communication that faced by the deaf and mute people make them complicated in doing activity like normal people. Sign language as a communication tool that has been formed at this time has not yet been able to connect communication with the community yet. It is only able to bridge communication among those fellow deaf and mute people. Therefore a tool which is able to translate sign language used by people with disabilities is needed. Thetool which able to translate sign language wascreated by Data Glove concept in design which can translate the word visually. Using the assistance of the Semantic Differential questionnaire, we can get the emotion level from user based on 12 Kansei words. The response in emotion form which is expresssed by users is one of theelements of the Kansei Engineering Method. Thus product adjustment to Kansei engineering is advisable and society.
A Study of Place Attachment to Mosques as an Evacuation Shelter Building
Authors: Vivita L , Husaini  , Anggraini R , Dewi C
Published: October 2020

The city of Banda Aceh has a geological location that is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. In 2004, the tsunami damaged the city structure, and many victims died. When the tsunami struck the area, a mosque was used as an evacuation building. Its scatter existence in residential areas made it easy to reach, but several mosques could not be used as an evacuation building. The purpose of this study was to explore the function of mosques as tsunami evacuation building through place attachment studies using qualitative methods and depth interviews to identify public attachment factors. To measure place attachment, this research used three variables, i.e. socio-demographic, environmental experience, and familiarity with the place. This study also used the space forming variables, which include meaning, function, and form to see the public attachment to a mosque as an evacuation shelter building. The results showed that place attachment to a mosque was influenced by its meaning as a sacred place. The majority of people in Banda Aceh are Muslim and have Islamic cultural backgrounds. People’s routine activities form strong bonds to a mosque. Acehnese culture to glorify guests is reflected in mosque building design by exploring open walls, ease of accessibility, and spread presence in residential areas. These cultural characteristics strengthen the opportunity to make mosques as tsunami evacuation shelter buildings in Banda Aceh.
Thrust Force Analysis of Slotless Permanent Magnet Linear Generator for Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Tadjuddin Muhammad , Hasanuddin Iskandar , Nazaruddin  , Mukminin Amirul
Published: October 2020

The WEC (Wave Energy Converter) that uses a permanent magnet linear generator continues to develop. The most important thing to know in designing WEC with a linear electric generator is the thrust required by the linear generator itself. Therefore, this paper discusses and analyses the thrust that occurs in linear electric generators used in WEC systems. Linear electric generators are simulated using FEMM (Finite Element Magnetic Method) software. FEMM simulation is used to analyse the magnitude of the induced magnetic field received by the conductor at a certain position of the stator. The conductor is given a constant current so that it produces thrust force between the stator and translator; the magnitude of thrust force depends on the magnitude of the magnetic field at the position. In the design and analysis, conductors ware given 3A. The maximum thrust force in the linear electric generator design is 79N, and the average force is 75N, force ripple is 1,2%. The design of the permanent magnet linear generator was done, and the WEC system should produce thrust force at least equal to the force that the generator requires.
Taguchi method application to improve the quality of coffee pulp screen printing products
Authors: Zuhri S , Ilyas  , Winanda M , Izzaty N
Published: October 2020

One of the main reasons consumers choose a product is based on quality. Consumers will choose products that have the quality as expected and in accordance with the benefits obtained. This is the basis for conducting research on Coffee Pulp Screen Printing products. The study was conducted with the Taguchi Method to determine the optimal combination of color parameters produced by coffee pulp screen inks. The parameters studied were Coffee Pulp as a factor A, the amount of Water as a factor B, the amount of vinegar as factor C and the length of cooking time as a factor D. experiments were carried out with two levels and two values for each factor. In this experiment using orthogonal array L8 (27) with two replications. The results of the analysis were processed using S/N average and variability ratios. Based on the result of these experiments it was found that the factors that significantly influence the color quality of coffee plup screen printing ink are coffee plup 0,5 kg, o,5 liter water, 100 ml vinegar, and 15 minutes cooking time. The results of the experiment show the optimal combination to get a dense color on the results of coffee grounds.
Burnout Syndrome analysis among hospital nurses using Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS): a case study
Authors: Erwan F , Iqbal M , Hasanuddin I , Zuhri S , Maydini C M
Published: October 2020

Burnout is a psychology syndrome which experienced by any professions throughout their careers. This study analyses burnout syndrome encountered by hospitals’ nurses based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) and provides findings by looking at the dimension of burnout and demographic factors which consist of sex, age, marital status, level of education, years of career, and duty station. This study reveals that; the overall value of burnout experienced by hospitals’ nurses is categorized into level 1 with the highest value presented by dimension 1 (physical exhaustion), and burnout generally experienced by man, nurses younger than 30 years old, married nurses, lower degree nurses, nurses whose less than 20 years in career, and nurses whose responsible in terminal care and emergency unit. In addition, data obtained from the survey is utilized to determine burnout causative factors using fishbone and pareto diagram.
Three-Level Topology for Shunt Active Power Filters
Authors: Richard S.P. , Manivasagam R. , Vigneshwaran P.
Published: October 2020

The development in the field of power electronics has led to its optimum and efficient use in domestic and industrial arena especially in control and automation processes. In turn this has created a threat in terms of power quality issues. To some extent solution to power quality issues is obtained again using power electronic devices in the form of active filtering. A shunt active power filter (SAPF) is used for harmonic filtering. The performance of such system is enhanced by using multilevel inverters. A novel three level inverter topology is proposed here. A three phase transformer fed from both ends at its primary terminals with two independent voltage source inverters is used to replace a filter inductance of a conventional system. The benefits of multilevel inverter are utilized in SAPF and also system power factor is kept near unity in all conditions.
Real time Implementation of Home appliance control using ALEXA
Authors: Somesh S , Senthilnathan N , Sabarimuthu M , Kumar A Santhosh , Rishikeshanan R , Bala V
Published: October 2020

In recent years, Internet of Things (IOT) is being playing a major role in automation of Industries. Smart home systems are being employed in buildings to improve energy efficiency and reduce power wastage. Voice recognition is the current trend in automation. Regular methods of switching systems are difficult for paraplegic persons and blind persons since blind people can’t use the SMS method of automation. So voice recognition methods are preferred. Voice recognition systems involve calibration and programming to accept the user commands and operate the appliance. Amazon Echo dot, a smart speaker has an internally programmed Artificial Intelligence known as Alexa. It offers dual interaction and can be used to connect to Smart devices. To remedy the high cost of smart devices, we register a name in Alexa server as a smart device which comprises a Wi-Fi module and a relay. The Smart speaker and the Wi-Fi module form a single way communication which helps in controlling of appliance.
Global MPP Tracking for Partial shaded PV System using Fractional Order Extreme Seeking controller
Authors: Ramaprabha R. , Ramya G.
Published: October 2020

Renewable energy tends to replace natural resources like coal and fuel, nowadays research work is in progress on solar power utilization. To overcome the photovoltaic (PV) installation issue, building-integrated PV (BiPV) system has been introduced. Partial shading is major issue in BiPV system. In order to prevent this issue, an anti-parallel bypass diode is added across each panel/cell. But it results in multiple peaks p-v characteristics with respect to varying irradiations. To track global peak power among all other local peaks, a special control algorithm based on extreme seeking (ES) strategy with fractional order controller (FOC) is developed. The proposed control method increases the power generation and efficient tracking of maximum power at MPP.
Hybrid DPSO based MPPT control of high static gain converter in photovoltaic system for DC microgrid applications
Authors: Rajesh J Sevugan , Karthikeyan R , Revathi R
Published: October 2020

This paper deals with efficiency enhancement of photovoltaic renewable system under Partial Shaded Conditions (PSC) using Hybrid DPSO (Deterministic Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm based maximum power point tracker embedded in a high gain DC/DC SEPIC converter. The proposed high static gain converter with Hybrid DPSO algorithm eliminates the multiple peaks under varying insolation conditions; speedup the tracking process and also dynamic responses of the converter. The performance parameters of the proposed Hybrid DPSO method are analyzed and comparing it against the PSO and classical Perturb and Observe (P&O) techniques in MATLAB simulink. The evaluation result proves that proposed method shows better tracking performance under fast varying insolation conditions.
Torque Ripple Reduction in PMSG for Standalone Wind Energy System Using Three Level DTC with A Dither Signal
Authors: Kalel Dattatraya , Subramaniam Umashankar , Hunachal Santoshkumar
Published: October 2020

In this paper, focused on direct torque control (DTC) for permanent magnet synchronous generator direct driven standalone variable speed wind turbine. The machine side converter (MSC) employed three-level DTC with dither signal strategy proposed for minimizes the torque & flux ripple. The triangular signal used as a dither signal & injected in a hysteresis band controller of torque & flux comparator. The optimum magnitude of the triangular wave is 3% of its rated torque & flux used in order to reduce acoustic noise. The proposed strategy minimizes torque & flux ripple as compared to conventional two-level DTC technique. Three-level SVPWM strategy employed for a load-side converter (LSC) in order to reduce harmonic distortion.
An Energy Efficient Microwave Based Wireless Solar Power Transmission System
Authors: Sabarish P , Hubert Tony Raj L , Ramprakash G , Karthick R
Published: October 2020

Worldwide force age is estimate to increment by some 60% somewhere in the range of 2017 and 2040 to cover a fourth of essential vitality request, the IEA said in its World Energy Outlook 2018. “Power markets are experiencing a special change with more popularity brought by the advanced economy, electric vehicles” however numerous components are impacting the agreeableness of vitality innovation. The change of the vitality area is searching for clean vitality innovation that is additionally appropriate for base burden power generation. The sun based vitality is most utilized clean vitality today, but Terrestrial sun oriented vitality has several obstructions, Putting colossal sun based power satellite systems for arena addresses a lot of creative mechanical benefits than may give gigantic degree, normally clean base weight power into natural markets and it is one of the way in which satisfied essentialist demand in best in class days. Later, a symmetric concentrated with a high sun-based arrangement competence has been proposed.
An Effective Solar Photovoltaic Module Parameter Estimation Technique for Single-Diode Model
Authors: Premkumar M , Sowmya R , Umashankar S , Pradeep J
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a simplified parameter estimation procedure for a photovoltaic (PV) single diode model (SDM). Based on an iterative method, the module parameters are estimated for the SDM using the information from the datasheet. The five parameters of the SDM are estimated based on the datasheet using two steps. In the first step, the best ideality factor,n, value is determined, and in the next step, the value of the shunt resistance,Rsh, can be calculated to increase its accuracy. For validating the performance of the estimated parameters, a model that considers the difference in the solar irradiance and the temperature. In the standard testing conditions (STC), the proposed procedure shows the best results relative to other methods. The optimization of the parameters, such asn,Rsh, and series resistance,Rse, allows the minimum error between the values obtained from the proposed technique and datasheet.
RETRACTED: Non-invasive optical technique for urodynamic testing using a wireless near infrared spectroscopy device
Authors: Ramkumar R , Jagan G , Sivamani D , Ragupathy P
Published: October 2020

A real time wearable medical device for monitoring of urological parameters like bladder pressure, urine flow rate is measured by using cyst metric test and uroflow metric test. It is a invasive method, Patients needs local anesthesia, and patient may feel discomfort for few days. Such problems will be overcome by using a Near Infrared Spectroscopy Device. Near Infrared Spectroscopy is an optical technique, utilizes light in the NIR Spectrum ranges between 700nm – 1000nm has a high penetration depth in the living tissue. In urology, NIRS has been utilized to screen bladder muscle work and to analyze bladder brokenness. Since, it is a Noninvasive method; it is compatible for patients like Multiple Sclerosis, Stroke, Spinal Card injury, elderly patients with incontinence and neurological disorders. With such a gadget utilized as a sensor with a caution, it is thus achievable to caution the subject when the volume of pee in his/her bladder arrives at a pre-decided edge of bladder limit. This technique would possibly empower patients in danger for urinary maintenance to shield themselves from renal harm.
Design and development of wireless networking for solar PV panel cleaning robots
Authors: Anilkumar G , Naveen K , Pavan Kumar M T V S H K , Brahmendra Kumar G V , Palanisamy K , Patil Avinash , Sachan Deepak
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses about one of the possible solutions to overcome the influence of dust on the surface of solar PV panel. A decrease in power output with the increase in particle deposition has been identified in large scale solar PV power generation where there were many numbers of solar panels connected in the form of arrays and each array requires a robot to carry out efficient cleaning with in stipulated time. Autonomous automatic cleaning operation along with self-control and monitoring of accumulated dust with proper coordination through networking between robots is prerequisite option to attain efficient cleaning system in large scale solar power plants. To accomplish the same, selection of appropriate communication technology for real time wireless networking of solar cleaning robots with low power consumption and data delay to operate over wide area is required. Here an attempt had been made to bring in an automated robot cleaning system using low power wide area network (LPWAN) based on a network of ESP 8266 Node MCU’s associated with a set of sensors under different configurations which showed successful results for implementation in industrial scale large solar PV power plants.
Implementation of a new Bi-Directional Switch multilevel Inverter for the reduction of harmonics
Authors: Vijayalakshmi S. , Sivaraman P R , Karthick R , Nazar Ali A.
Published: October 2020

In the current scenario, multilevel inverter plays a major role in heavy duty drive systems. MLI is one of the most advanced power converters for highly efficient AC output. But there is more to the requirement of number of control switches and total number of input sources which often generates more losses. This paper presents a new multilevel inverter design with limited number of control switches and with just one DC source to reduce these demerits. It uses a smaller number of Bi-directional switches. So that complexity of the circuit is reduced. Finally, an eleven-level inverter is designed and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and THD reduction has been analyzed. This paper also provides a comparative statement of required components for various conventional methods.
A review on issues, challenges and various optimization techniques in microgrid
Authors: Goutham B , Anoop H A
Published: October 2020

A drastic change in the increase of carbon emission and green-houses gases has increased the demand of the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). The integration of renewable energy in a power system network is due to the fact that the available natural resources are depleting at a faster rate. Microgrid with different configurations along with the development of smart grids ensures a paradigm shift from centralised to decentralized control. The installations done at the demand side of distributed generation marks change in the forthcoming years in the electricity markets both at the generating and distribution end. With the introduction of Microgrid the hedging of investment is done in different sectors of the electric industry such as generation operations, etc., easily. This review paper gives an idea about fundamental definition of a Microgrid (MGs); classification of Microgrid, issues, and challenges associated and optimization techniques for the overall stability and security of the grid.
Analysis and Scope of Hybrid Renewable Energy System
Authors: Jandial Prajna
Published: October 2020

Shifting to Renewable Energy Sources has become the need of the hour, but the dependency of these sources on natural, uncontrollable factors, poses a great challenge. A stable power supply is necessary for a hundred percent shift to renewable sources of energy. This reliability can be increased in many ways, but here in focus, are Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES). HRES is an attempt to make a stable energy source that is clean and sustainable. The paper in detail presents the scope of HRESs keeping India in focus.
Vitality Burglary Recognition and Issue Investigation Dependent on IOT
Authors: Saranraj R , Kuppannan Aruljothi , Sunil Kumar V , Kishore M , Lalith S
Published: October 2020

The proposed idea on this paper pursuits on the format and usage rendition of electrical vitality theft recognition and fault assessment. The unlawful use of intensity must be fathomed through advanced way, with no human cooperation. The reason for this work is to give a usage approach to control burglary discovery and controlling which licenses violators to be recognized at a faraway region. This design integrates various approach for problems faced by way of energy distribution device inclusive of power theft and transmission line fault. It consists of IOT era to discover the electrical theft and transmission line fault. In the proposed approach we offer alert to the authorized electricity issuer via an alert message which eliminates the diverse problems associated with the meter studying and theft detection and it blocks the energy deliver to the specific vicinity.
UAV based Mapping System for Precision Agriculture
Authors: Sheeba Rani S. , Janet J. , Ramya K.C. , Sitharthan R. , Kesavan T. , Shrivastava S
Published: October 2020

Agriculture the backbone of our nation as well many nations is essential to feed the people and smart farming is the much-needed disruptive technology to help the farmers increase their yield. Airborne vehicles and relays supplement the automation system to monitor the growth of the plants, individually and record the observations to estimate the level of pesticides and herbicides to be applied. However, there are no simulation platforms designed to help these farmers to collect and process the data gathered. The proposed work consists of a sensor fusion framework that will give the user a complete farming scenario which is focused on data gathering with airborne UAV or relay mechanism, line of sight deployment, coverage area, identify sensor placement, and usage of fog computing paradigm as a backend computing support. The paper focuses on providing an evaluation benchmark for energy consumption, system resource usage, packet delivery ratio and transmission delay.
Software development of electric scooter
Authors: Sesa Balaji D G , Shabeer Ahamed S , Kirubakaran D
Published: October 2020

The Electric scooter is one which can be used to overcome the various problems faced by mankind in terms of the increase in price rates of petrol and diesel and also help us reduce the pollution in society. This project is a development of software for the low-cost electric scooter which uses a BLDC Motor as the primary motor as they have a feedback circuit and helps in identifying the problems when faced. We use 48V LifepO4 Battery (Lithium Ferro Phosphate) and developed charger which is compatible with E-scooter with 40kmph speed and 50 km mileage. We use a DC-DC converter to power up the E-scooter accessories which is sized at 1000W and 48V battery. The main accessories in E-scooter are display, headlights, horns all are 12V supplied, controlled by the software programmed, we have also designed a step-down converter. Then we have a solar panel which produces 125W and it reduces the voltage up-to 56V of constant supply DC. We have mainly designed software for the accessories and also for the proper operation of the BLDC Motor. This is done by the process of providing the PWM output to the power electronic device
Radio frequency identification system based automated public distribution system
Authors: Dhayalini K. , Vigneshwaran P.
Published: October 2020

This paper is designed at an aim of improving public distribution system by the process of minimizing manual work. In our nation, Ration card is important for every family for the purpose of identification and getting goods from the government. Today, public distribution system (PDS) having corruption and there is no transparency between government and users. This paper focuses on distribution of goods in PDS system automatically and creates a transparency between the customers and government.
An Integrated IoT LabVIEW Based Fuzzy-PLC Controller for Automation of Boiler
Authors: Boobalan S , Gobinath S , Dharmalingam A , Jayaprakash A , Poovarasan M , Poovendan K
Published: October 2020

The proposed prototype, to develop and automate and controlling of steam outlet from the boiler unit in the Power Plants using Fuzzy logic-based PLC Controller. The set point of the steam outlet could be decided by the Fuzzy Logic Controller. Automation is a growing technology in almost all fields and It reduces the man power and time complexity in all the way to the thermal power plant also. It reduces the risk of making mistakes and avoid any danger. The details of the load is collected from P.T and then given to the LabVIEW. The data about the load requirements, peak load data requirements ae once fed into the LabVIEW. The LabVIEW sends signals to the PLC and steam outlet is controlled by Servo Motor. The steam outlet set point is measured and controlled by fuzzy logic with the help to PLC controller. Based on alternator current and voltage signal the fuzzy logic will decide the steam outlet set point. If in case the load requirement is higher or lower, the changes in the coal input and the water requirement are changed by means Fuzzy logic control. The steam valve sensor closes or opens the valve by servo motor using the variable frequency drive that is connected to the PLC. Depending upon the load, to the steam turbine. The PLC is connected to the ethernet by means in LabVIEW, in which the data are collected are given to the authorized person in the control room. If in case required the data can be used to store the data in the cloud for future use.
A Control Methodology of Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Wind Energy Generation
Authors: Pandikumar M
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the Direct Power Control (DPC) strategy for a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) using Matrix Converter (MC). Wind turbines are subjected to irregular wind speeds and thus the power generated is varying in nature. The Active and Reactive power flow to the grid from the DFIG connected to the wind turbines can be controlled by connecting a Power Electronic converter at its rotor terminals. By this method, the Induction Machine can be operated in generating mode even at sub-synchronous speed, by controlling the slip power, fed-to or absorbed-from the grid. The DPC Scheme is a high performance, dynamic power control method for DFIG. In DPC, at every instant of switching, the vectors for the power converter are selected based on the instantaneous active and reactive power error command from a hysteresis band, rather than a predetermined pattern as in conventional PWM drives. This work presents the Matrix converter based DPC for DFIG where the conventional AC to DC to AC converter at the rotor terminal has been replaced by a three phase MC.
High CO performance of graphene oxide modified with CuCl by using “ion implantation” method
Authors: Nguyen Manh B , Le Giang H , Pham Trang TT , Pham Giang T T , Tran Quang Vinh , Nguyen Ngoc Tung , Thi Thu Ha Vu , Nguyen Tuyen V , Vu Tuan A
Published: October 2020

Copper (I) chloride (CuCl) modified graphene oxide with different copper (Cu) content were prepared by ‘ion implantation’ method using CuCl as Cu source. The samples were characterized by x-ray Powder Diffraction-XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM, TEM, EDS and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy-XPS. From TEM images and EDS elemental mapping, it showed the CuCl particles of 30–50 nm with high dispersion on graphene oxide surface. From XPS result, it revealed the presence of both Cu+ and Cu2+ ions but Cu+ ion amount was predominant. CO adsorption on CuCl modified graphene oxide with different Cu content was tested. Among tested CuCl modified GO samples, 2CuCl/GO sample exhibited the highest CO gas adsorption capacity of 2.9 mmol g−1 at 20 °C which was 7.5 times higher than that of pristine GO (0.38 mmol g−1). High CO adsorption performance on CuCl modified GO can be explained by the formation of π –complexation between CO molecules and Cu(I) ions. From CO adsorption on CuCl modified GO, it showed that the experimental data fit well with Langmuir- Freundlich model.
Nonparametric efficient causal mediation with intermediate confounders
Authors: Díaz I , Hejazi N S , Rudolph K E , van Der Laan M J
Published: October 2020

Interventional effects for mediation analysis were proposed as a solution to the lack of identifiability of natural (in)direct effects in the presence of a mediator-outcome confounder affected by exposure. We present a theoretical and computational study of the properties of the interventional (in)direct effect estimands based on the efficient influence function in the nonparametric statistical model. We use the efficient influence function to develop two asymptotically optimal nonparametric estimators that leverage data-adaptive regression for the estimation of nuisance parameters: a one-step estimator and a targeted minimum loss estimator. We further present results establishing the conditions under which these estimators are consistent, multiply robust, $n^{1/2}$-consistent and efficient. We illustrate the finite-sample performance of the estimators and corroborate our theoretical results in a simulation study. We also demonstrate the use of the estimators in our motivating application to elucidate the mechanisms behind the unintended harmful effects that a housing intervention had on risky behaviour in adolescent girls.
Three Frontiers for the Future of Biodiversity Research Using Citizen Science Data
Authors: Callaghan Corey T , Poore Alistair G B , Mesaglio Thomas , Moles Angela T , Nakagawa Shinichi , Roberts Christopher , Rowley Jodi J L , VergÉs Adriana , Wilshire John H , Cornwell William K
Published: October 2020

Citizen science is fundamentally shifting the future of biodiversity research. But although citizen science observations are contributing an increasingly large proportion of biodiversity data, they only feature in a relatively small percentage of research papers on biodiversity. We provide our perspective on three frontiers of citizen science research, areas that we feel to date have had minimal scientific exploration but that we believe deserve greater attention as they present substantial opportunities for the future of biodiversity research: sampling the undersampled, capitalizing on citizen science's unique ability to sample poorly sampled taxa and regions of the world, reducing taxonomic and spatial biases in global biodiversity data sets; estimating abundance and density in space and time, develop techniques to derive taxon-specific densities from presence or absence and presence-only data; and capitalizing on secondary data collection, moving beyond data on the occurrence of single species and gain further understanding of ecological interactions among species or habitats. The contribution of citizen science to understanding the important biodiversity questions of our time should be more fully realized.
Duration of Postdiarrheal Enteric Pathogen Carriage in Young Children in Low-resource Settings
Authors: McMurry Timothy L , McQuade Elizabeth T Rogawski , Liu Jie , Kang Gagandeep , Kosek Margaret N , Lima Aldo A M , Bessong Pascal O , Samie Amidou , Haque Rashidul , Mduma Estomih R , Leite Jose Paulo , Bodhidatta Ladaporn , Iqbal Najeeha T , Page Nicola , Kiwelu Ireen , Bhutta Zulfiqar A , Ahmed Tahmeed , Houpt Eric R , Platts-Mills James A
Published: October 2020

Background

Prolonged enteropathogen shedding after diarrhea complicates the identification of etiology in subsequent episodes and is an important driver of pathogen transmission. A standardized approach has not been applied to estimate the duration of shedding for a wide range of pathogens.

Methods

We used a multisite birth cohort of children 0–24 months of age from whom diarrheal and monthly nondiarrheal stools were previously tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 29 enteropathogens. We modeled the probability of detection of the etiologic pathogen before and after diarrhea using a log-normal accelerated failure time survival model and estimated the median duration of pathogen carriage as well as differences in subclinical pathogen carriage 60 days after diarrhea onset in comparison to a prediarrhea baseline.

Results

We analyzed 3247 etiologic episodes of diarrhea for the 9 pathogens with the highest attributable burdens of diarrhea. The median duration of postdiarrheal carriage varied widely by pathogen, from about 1 week for rotavirus (median, 8.1 days [95% confidence interval {CI}, 6.2–9.6]) to >1 month for Cryptosporidium (39.5 days [95% CI, 30.6–49.0]). The largest increases in subclinical pathogen carriage before and after diarrhea were seen for Cryptosporidium (prevalence difference between 30 days prior and 60 days after diarrhea onset, 0.30 [95% CI, .23–.39]) and Shigella (prevalence difference, 0.21 [95% CI, .16–.27]).

Conclusions

Postdiarrheal shedding was widely variable between pathogens, with strikingly prolonged shedding seen for Cryptosporidium and Shigella. Targeted antimicrobial therapy and vaccination for these pathogens may have a relatively large impact on transmission.
Innovations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care Delivery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Policies to Strengthen the Ending the Epidemic Initiative—A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association
Authors: Armstrong Wendy S , Agwu Allison L , Barrette Ernie-Paul , Ignacio Rachel Bender , Chang Jennifer J , Colasanti Jonathan A , Floris-Moore Michelle , Haddad Marwan , MacLaren Lynsay , Weddle Andrea
Published: October 2020

The goal of the Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative is to reduce new infections in the United States by 90% by 2030. Success will require fundamentally changing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and care delivery to engage more persons with HIV and at risk of HIV in treatment. While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduced in-person visits to care facilities and led to concern about interruptions in care, it also accelerated growth of alternative options, bolstered by additional funding support. These included the use of telehealth, medication delivery to the home, and increased flexibility facilitating access to Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program services. While the outcomes of these programs must be studied, many have improved accessibility during the pandemic. As the pandemic wanes, long-term policy changes are needed to preserve these options for those who benefit from them. These new care paradigms may provide a roadmap for progress for those with other chronic health issues as well.
Complex cardiac surgery in a high-risk patient with new-onset severe mitral regurgitation and aorta to right ventricular fistula after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a case report
Authors: Verdugo-Marchese Mario , Monney Pierre , Muller Olivier , Kirsch Matthias
Published: October 2020

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the procedure of choice for aortic stenosis in high surgical risk patients, but it is no free from complications.

Case summary

A 86-year-old patient with severe aortic stenosis underwent TAVI 3 years ago with an Edwards Sapiens valve by femoral access. In the echocardiography follow-up, an aorta–right ventricular (Ao-RV) fistula was noted with restrictive flow and no significant shunt and it was treated conservatively. Three years after TAVI, the patient underwent cardiac surgery because of worsening heart failure due to a severe degenerative mitral regurgitation with tethering of P2 due to left ventricular remodelling, a posterior jet of severe regurgitation, and left ventricular dilatation. Surgical replacement of the TAVI and aortic root with a bioprosthesis (Medtronic Freestyle) and direct closure of the fistula was performed along with the mitral valve replacement. The patient was discharged with a good clinical result and no evidence of remaining Ao-RV fistula at transthoracic echocardiography.

Discussion

Aorta–right ventricular fistula is a rare entity. Most reported cases arise after rupture of a congenital coronary sinus aneurism, endocarditis, trauma, and aortic valve or aortic root surgery. This is the 10th reported case after TAVI (9 after an Edwards Sapiens TAVI). Non-significant shunt can be treated conservatively but development of heart failure and death are described in significant shunts. Balloon post-dilatation and the absence of surgical calcium debridement inherent to TAVI may theoretically contribute to the development of the fistula. Surgical replacement and closure of the fistula is a therapeutic option for this entity even in high-risk patients.
Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use
Authors: Gicquelais Rachel E , Werb Dan , Marks Charles , Ziegler Carolyn , Mehta Shruti H , Genberg Becky L , Scheim Ayden I
Published: October 2020

Preventing the transition to injection drug use is an important public health goal, as people who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for overdose and acquisition of infectious disease. Initiation into drug injection is primarily a social process, often involving PWID assistance. A better understanding of the epidemiology of this phenomenon would inform interventions to prevent injection initiation and to enhance safety when assistance is provided. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to 1) characterize the prevalence of receiving (among injection-naive persons) and providing (among PWID) help or guidance with the first drug injection and 2) identify correlates associated with these behaviors. Correlates were organized as substance use behaviors, health outcomes (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus infection), or factors describing an individual’s social, economic, policy, or physical environment, defined by means of Rhodes’ risk environments framework. After screening of 1,164 abstracts, 57 studies were included. The prevalence of receiving assistance with injection initiation (help or guidance at the first injection) ranged 74% to 100% (n = 13 estimates). The prevalence of ever providing assistance with injection initiation varied widely (range, 13%–69%; n = 13 estimates). Injecting norms, sex/gender, and other correlates classified within Rhodes’ social risk environment were commonly associated with providing and receiving assistance. Nearly all PWID receive guidance about injecting for the first time, whereas fewer PWID report providing assistance. Substantial clinical and statistical heterogeneity between studies precluded meta-analysis, and thus local-level estimates may be necessary to guide the implementation of future psychosocial and sociostructural interventions. Further, estimates of providing assistance may be downwardly biased because of social desirability factors.