bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluid Inclusions and their Geological Significance of Huajian Gold Deposit, Hebei Province, China
Authors: Shi Cheng Long , Song Yang , Hu Jian Zhong
Published: June 2014

The Huajian gold deposit is located in the metallogenic belt of the northern part of the North China block. This deposit's ore bodies are mainly hosted in metamorphosed Neoarchean and Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks, of which Mesozoic volcano-intrusive complexes are closely associated with the Gold mineralization. The FIs of the Huajian deposit are primarily aqueous FIs with minor gas FIs. The pure gas or liquid FIs are very few. The ore-forming fluids were characterised by moderate–low temperature, low salinity and high oxygen fugacity and belonged to an H2O–NaCl ± CO2system. The FIs in quartz veins primarily developed in temperature intervals of 202–380°C, 191–407°C and 170–307°C., corresponding to salinities of 3.85wt.% to 11.23 wt.%, 3.69wt.% to 10.99 wt.% and 2.06wt.% to 17 wt.% NaCl eq.., respectively. The trapping pressures of the FIs from high temperature fluids in the quartz veins are 10-90 MPa, corresponding to depths of 1.0–10 km, assuming a density of the overlying rocks of 0.54 g/cm3–0.98 g/cm3. Multiple stages of phase separation or immiscibility of ore-forming fluid was critical for the formation of the Huajian deposit.
Spatial Point Reconstruction Based on Binocular Stereo Vision
Authors: Yu Jie , Ge Yu Min , Li Bao Shu , Chen Shang
Published: June 2014

Binocular stereo vision is an important branch of robot vision technology, it use two cameras in different position or a camera which can be move or rotate to shoot the same scene images, by calculating the parallax of spatial point in two images, get the spatial location information. There is a study based on the binocular stereo vision for three-dimensional spatial reconstruction, in view of the problem of vision image acquisition, camera calibration,stereo matching and 3d reconstruction in the binocular stereo application technology.
Research of New Media Wireless Ad Hoc Network Broadcast Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yi Fei , Meng Zhao Yang , Zhang Guo
Published: June 2014

The whole network broadcast is very important in the wireless ad hoc Network. It is more necessary in the routing establish processing. Simple flooding broadcast method is the most common broadcast algorithm. Although this method can cover most of the nodes ,the disadvantage is that it could lead to the broadcasting storm which would reduce the efficiency of the broadcast. According to the old methods which can not solve the broadcast storm effectively, I present the message divided and check together broadcast algorithm which is suitable for the large data packets. It can solve the large data packets sending crashing problem and maintain the integer of the message .Through the research of the low density nodes network message transmission ,I present the Adoption broadcast algorithm which based on the second jump node set. It could select the less first jump nodes to rebroadcast .This algorithm could not only increase the saving forward rate but also maintain the covering rate of broadcast .
A Disturbance Adaptive Control Scheme Based on Order Identification
Authors: Zhou Mu Dan , Ye Xiu Bin
Published: June 2014

Using a order identification method based on wavelet transform to detect the positions of step disturbances, a adaptive control scheme of disturbance based on the order identification method is designed. The simulation shows that the controller can not only track the set point accurately, but also suppress the step disturbance appeared in different position timely. This control scheme is simple, effective and useful in engineering application.
A Weighted Network Topology Model of WSN Based on Random Geometric Graph Method
Authors: Ren Yue Qing , Zhang Zhi Qiang
Published: June 2014

Focus on the weakness of modeling WSN topology by the means of random graph theory, a new weighted topology model of WSN based on random geometric theory is proposed in this paper. For the proposed new network model, the weighting scheme of network edge take into account the property of distance decreasing effect for communication signal. It also defines the differential weight which can embody the energy consumption for network communication. Based on simulations and calculations of the measures for the network topology as well as comparison with other forms of network, the results indicate that the proposed network topology model can not only describe the interrelated connected relationship between different nodes but also verify the degree of node is subject to Poisson distribution. It also has prominent clustering effects. These properties are consist with real world networks.
Weak Real-Time Based on Disk Storage System Scheduling Strategy
Authors: Liu Si Yuan , Bai Lu , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2014

With the constant emerging of novel Internet applications, weak real-time application has gradually become the mainstream of today's Internet business. According to the characteristics and requirements of weak real-time business, this paper conducts modeling analysis on disk scheduling of weak real-time I/O requests, and gets a multi-objective optimization model of this problem, and further puts forward a heuristic weak real-time business disk scheduling strategy WRT-DSS. Experiments show that the WRT-DSS strategy can take both quality of service and throughput performance of disk storage system into consideration. According to the demand of practical scenario, WRT-DSS can make an appropriate tradeoff on the system real-time and throughput performance via the flexible adjustment of the weighting coefficients.
The Development of the Intelligent Anti-Disoperation Operation Order System
Authors: Zheng Guang Jun , Jiao Jian Lin , Li Jie , Wang Xing Cun , Wang Xiao Wei
Published: June 2014

The intelligent anti-disoperation operation order system is developed. The system is established on operation management system (OMS). OMS provides the underlying technology support for operation order system. The supports of OMS include basic resources such as graphics, device, topology, the integration of real-time data sources, and the interfaces with external systems and so on. The full process management of operation order as well as operation security checking function based on automation system are realized. The system is composed of the relevant servers of OMS, communication server of local dispatch center, dispatcher workstations and other workstations, user workstations of substation, etc. The system is graphics, intelligent application system for dispatcher and supervisor. It is mainly used to many functions such as intelligent operation order generating, multilayered security checking of operating instructions, operation order management in accordance with procedure, offline operation order generating, operation training, etc.
Consumers Individual Experience on Buying Clothes Based on Things of Internet and Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Zhang Ling Ling , Xie Sheng Xian , Jia Yang Li , Jia Bao Xian
Published: June 2014

Consumers are faced with many complicated problems in fitting clothes in the Internet and the entity shop. By combining the things of internet with virtual reality technology, we collected the consumer information to construct a virtual scene and provided personalized shopping experience for consumers. It greatly stimulated consumer desire to buy and improved the transaction amount.
Keywords: Things of Internet, Wireless Sensor, Virtual Reality Technology, Individual Experience, Customer Relationship Management, Radio Frequency Identification, Cloud Computing
Metallogenic Geological Conditions and Prospecting Indicators of the Carbonate-Hosted Pb-Zn Deposits in Northeastern Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Yang Guang Shu , Yan Yong Feng , Feng Peng Yu , Zhang Jun Wei
Published: June 2014

Based on large scale geological mapping, geological-section, tectonic and geochemical studies on the carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in NE Yunnan, the metallogenic geological conditions are discussed, and the ore-prospecting indicators are summarized. The Pb-Zn deposits have many common features, which are mainly controlled by the thrust fault-fold structures and lithological conditions. The ore-forming mechanism of them is similar to the MVT Pb-Zn deposit. The combination of thrust fault-fold structures and altered carbonate rocks with geochemical anomalies are good indicators for prospecting.
Development of the Database of Automobile Exhaust System Products
Authors: Wang Jie , Liu Zhi En , Jiang Yue Jun , Liao Pin Kui
Published: June 2014

In order to speed up the design of automobile exhaust system products and improve the quality of products, a set of database software of automobile exhaust system product was developed. The software uses visual programming tools VB 6.0 and relational database SQL server 2005 for design and development, which can realize storage and query of exhaust system product parameter information, geometric model, design scheme, the model and results of numerical calculation, and test plan and results, and implement the parametric design of muffler noise elimination unit and the function of performance evaluation. Enterprise actual test showed that the system can improve the exhaust system of product design and development ability significantly and shorten the design cycle, which produces great economic efficiency.
Application of AHP - Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method in Students Assessment
Authors: Zhang Ning , Zhang Zhi Gang
Published: June 2014

The evaluation object is defined more reasonable. This paper establishes the student evaluation system by scientific questionnaire firstly, then determines the index weights by using AHP, thirdly quantifies the qualitative indexes according to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Finally we get each student’s score of the student evaluation system. Aiming at freshmen and sophomore , the student evaluation system can objectively reflect the students' comprehensive quality and have a guiding significance for improving the students' comprehensive quality.
Self-Learning and Problem-Based Learning in Database Design
Authors: Wang Li Na , Du Mei Fang
Published: June 2014

Along with the new-time society to change the talent demand and teaching the concept of change, the teaching method to students as the main line of imperative, it is to train the students' ability of learning and autonomous learning based on. Based on the introduction of a variety of teaching methods, emphasis on independent learning and learning to promote effective in database design courses.
The Design of Protection Security System of University Educational Information System
Authors: Ji Jun , Xing Fei Fei , Du Jun
Published: June 2014

As the important part of the university digital campus,establishing the whole security and protection financial information system in the educational information system is an important problem in the current digital campus. This paper systematically and methodically considers the full range of university needs and educational information network security features, so as to achieve overall system security with on a comprehensive network security plan and the implementation of modular sub-network area. In this paper, security operation system can ensure the security of the application environment, and data backup technologies ensure the transmission and storage of classified data security.
Comparative Study on Regional Differences of FDI Technology Spillover Effects and Influencing Factors
Authors: Xu Quan Sheng
Published: June 2014

as a complex of capital, technology and management, FDI has become the focus of attention of many scholars. It is important for technological progress, industrial upgrading and economic growth mode transformation to optimize the quality of foreign investment and enhance FDI technology spillovers, On the base of foreign direct investment theories, it empirically analyzes regional differences of FDI technology spillover effects and explores the causes, and then finds the problems in the use of FDI in China's three major regions, particularly in central and western regions, and ultimately provide a reference for optimizing the use of FDI and enhancing the spillover effects of FDI on domestic enterprises.
Based on Numerical Simulation Study of Rockburst in Roadway Induced by Fault
Authors: Shi Jun Wei , Chen Zhang Liang
Published: June 2014

According to the huge losses of people’s life and property caused by coal rockburst, we make numberical simulational research on coal deep buried roadway fault rock burst which is based on the related fators about the occurrence of fault rockburst. Simulation results show that,the stress in fault is the most significant,and with its continuously accumulation ,if it is up to the ultimate strength of coal and rock mass,which will occurre rib spalling, and even it will bring the accumulated elastic energy out ,then induced by fault rockburst. So simulation results are of guiding significance to the occurrence mechanism and predict of coal roadway fault rockburst.
Application of NMR Technique in the Study of Reservoir Microscopic Pore Space
Authors: Yang Tao
Published: June 2014

In view of oil-water two phase displacement experiment can't from the micro level such as throat problem for reservoir use condition is described,Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology can reflect the oil-water distribution from the microscopic view, Combined the macro oil displacement effect and micro pore structure. By using nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum changing into throat radius and saturation calculation method in different throat range. Quantitative description the distribution of bound water, residual oil I and oil produced in different in pores of drainage and Suction process, to a certain extent in the comprehensive understanding of microscopic reservoir pore space, has the vital significance for reservoir evaluation.
Influence Analysis of Coal Mining on the Ecological Environment
Authors: Guo Li Fang , Hu Hai Feng
Published: June 2014

Based on the existing research results and field survey data, this paper analyses and evaluates the rule of land deterioration and ecological environment problems caused by mining subsidence. Besides, the author puts forward the corresponding control measures for the effective exploitation of underground resources, land resources and ecologic environment protection.
Sandstone Stress Sensitivity Experiment and Stress Sensitivity Evaluation
Authors: Gao Tao , Guo Xiao , Yang Hong Mei , Li Hai Tao , Zhu Zheng
Published: June 2014

Change confining pressure experiment or pore pressure experiment is one of the commonly used method to evaluate the reservoir core stress sensitivity. However, a large number of studies have shown that core net stress is not equal to the effective stress,the drawdown pore pressure experiment are consistent with the characteristics of oil and gas field real development process. The pressure stability of drawdown pore pressure experiment is bad, so, a reliable modified method of change confining pressure stress sensitivity experiment is eagerly expected. On the basis of the differential method principle, effective stress coefficient can be determined through core experiments,and with the use of effective stress coefficient , change confining pressure experiment is modified. Main conclusions are as follows:For sandstone core,at reservoir original stress condition with the pore pressure from 15MPa to 11MPa effective stress coefficient from 0.436 to 0.415;Based on Terzaghi effective stress exaggerate stress sensitivity, ontology effective stress can weaken the stress sensitive; Based on effective stress coefficient in this paper correction stress sensitivity is medium weak,impacts on production results almost coincident with the drawdown pore pressure test results.
Study on Wettability Alteration of Quartz Surface by Surfactants
Authors: Qi Zi Yuan , Wang Ye Fei , Yu Hai Yang , Xu Xiao Li
Published: June 2014

In order to study the effect of surfactants on wettability of quartz surface, the dynamic contact angles of different surfactants on water-wet and oil-wet quartz surfaces were measured. The experimental results showed that the advancing contact angles of cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants on oil-wet quartz surfaces decrease with the increase of surfactant concentrations; the wettability of water-wet quartz plates remains water-wet after treated by all three kinds of surfactants. Surfactants can reverse the wettability from oil-wet to water-wet at low concentrations; The electrostatic force, hydrophobic force and the attraction between surfactant and polar components of crude oil are the key interactions in the wettability alteration process.
A Novel Mathematical Model for the Interpretation of Transient Pressure in Heavy Oil Production
Authors: He Jin Bao
Published: June 2014

The major method for developing heave oil is steam soak/steam injection technology. During the steam injection, inner zone radius increased; while during shut in, inner zone radius decreased, in order to find the effect of removable inner zone radius on well testing analysis, we developed a new mathematical model with two zones and the inner zone radius is removable with time. The well bore storage and skin effect are considered. The well bore pressure response solution was obtained by using Laplace transform; typical curves were made by using Stehfest Laplace numerical inversion algorithm. The feature of the typical curves were analyzed and compared with those base on the conventional model. Based on this model, the movement feature of heating front during steam injection /soak can be evaluated.
The Logging Evaluation of the Relationship between Source Rock and Oil Layer Distribution in Southern Songliao Basin
Authors: Xiu Li Jun , Pan He Ping , Xiu Hao
Published: June 2014

At present, Most of the studies on source rocks is above the effective source rock identification and quality evaluation. But the spatial distribution of the high quality source rocks do not necessarily reflect the position of the layer. So, logging evaluation of the relationship between source rock and layer distributed in a region is necessary. In this paper 70 cores have selected from 4 wells in the first period of Qingshankou (q1), Songliao Basin, then get the experimental TOC value after core analysis. On the basis of source rock geochemical analysis, the author estimated the source rock TOC value with the ∆lgR method. As the distribution of high quality source rocks are clarified,the author draw a conclusion by researching on the relationship between the distribution of source rocks and layers which based on the "Source Control Theory" theory. Finally, it is found that the quality of the source rocks and layer distribution match well in both horizontal and vertical in this paper. This discovery is important for layer prediction and researches.
Seismic Sedimentology of Changling Gas Field, Northeast China
Authors: Li Xiao Song , Yuan Yong , Zhang Jin Liang , Lv Xin
Published: June 2014

Sedimentary facies plane features of Changling No.1 gas field is analyzed with multiattribute analysis. In Changling area, the signal to noise ratio of the seismic data is low and the sand body distribution in lateral lithologic reservoir changes fast. In this condition, research of seismic sedimentology is launched. Through the seismic stratigraphic classification, the target stratum, Denglouku group is divided into four sand groups. On the basis of the calibration of synthetic seismograms and interpretation of horizon, accurate corresponding relation between the seismic reflection and geological horizon is established. By means of multiple attribute extraction technology, relatively independent attributes related to oil and gas are selected, and afterwards the analysis of the petrophysical characteristics and the optimization of the seismic attribute are achieved. Finally, through the seismic attributes analysis technology and the horizon slice technology, combined with the result of sedimentary facies analysis, the favorable areas of gas accumulation are predicted.
Sustainable Development of Forest
Authors: Liu Lin , Sun Hong Gang
Published: June 2014

This paper brings system dynamics into the analysis framework of sustainable development of forest and analyzes the interreaction of two subsystems of this dynamic system. The studies have shown that the price of forest products plays a key role on the existing ecosystem and influence the evolution of forest ecosystem through adjusting the structure of interests of human being.
Source of Ore-Forming Materials and Mineralization of the Saidu Gold Deposit, Southern Altai, China
Authors: Zhang Guo Rui , Xu Jiu Hua , Wei Hao
Published: June 2014

Saidu gold deposit, located in back arc basin at south margin of the west Altay Mountain, is orogenic gold deposit. It is strictively controlled by ductile-shear zone, occurring in altered mylonite zone of Mar-kakol giant belt. The δ34S values of pyrite in the gold deposit range from 3.53‰ to 5.88‰; the lead isotopic compositions are fairly constant, with 206Pb/204Pb ranging from 18.010 to 18.359, 207Pb/204Pb ranging from 15.488 to 15.579, and 208Pb/204Pb ranging from 38.1116 to 38.3551. Sulfur and lead isotope studies indicated that ore-forming materials originated from the deep portion, and had close relationship with magmatic activity. The ore materials were obtained from rocks of the lower crust during the orogenic period; the main gold mineralization should have relations with tectonic extention settings of post-collision orogenic.
Coke on HZSM-5/SAPO-34 Catalyst for Ethanol to Propylene
Authors: Feng Wang , Ting Bai , Chao Duan , Qu Wen Ting , Liu Xi Ling , Xin Zhang
Published: June 2014

The catalytic performance on HZSM-5/SAPO-34 catalyst in ethanol to propylene was tested in continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor. Coke on HZSM-5/SAPO-34 catalyst for ethanol to propylene was studied by O2-TPO, N2isothermal adsorption–desorption and NH3-TPD.The result showed that the strong and medium acid sites were the active centers of coke deposition; Coke mainly deposited in mesoporous and some coke blocked microporous orifice; In the initial stage of reaction, the high yield of propylene may be benefited from coke deposition, which adjusted the acidity and structure of HZSM-5/SAPO-34.
Study on Metallurgical Mineralogy in Nongruri Gold Deposit, Tibet
Authors: Li La Mei , Xie Yu Ling , Li Ying Xu
Published: June 2014

The Nongruri gold deposit is located in Mozhugongka, Tibet.There are two occurrence states of gold in Nongruri deposit, native gold and lattice gold. Fine grained native gold is hosted in clay minerals, and lattice gold just occupies little part. Gold particle size ranges from less than 0.001mm to 0.034mm, mainly in > 0.02mm, about 52.13wt% of total mount. According to the composition of mineral, occurrence state of gold and particle size measurement results of gold and gold-bearing mineral, it is a kind of fine-grained uneven refractory ore, and the recommended grind size should be smaller than-200 mesh.
A New Grinding Medium in the Application of Collophane Grinding
Authors: Du Ling Pan , Guo Yong Jie , Zhong Jin
Published: June 2014

Yunnan Dianchi surrounding areas’ phosphate rock is rich in resources, but high grade phosphate rock is less and less. Currently used methods are mainly floatation concentrate, but most of phosphate rock are difficult to flotation of collophane with fine particle size distribution. It requires grinding to negative 90% fineness of 0.074mm content for flotation. The existing grinding system is difficult to maintain the stability of the grinding fineness and steel consumption is also large, so it can’t reach the design capacity of flotation plant. This article reference in other minerals as grinding medium steel forging successful application and to explore the application of the grinding system in the collophane from dianchi areas. The experiment of laboratory can stabilized the grinding fineness, reduced the excessive grinding and the consumption of steel, achieved good results.
Study on Evaluation System for Coalbed Methane from Deep Coal Seams in China
Authors: Zheng Gui Qiang , Ling Biao Can , Zhu Xue Zheng
Published: June 2014

In this study, data from 244 CBM production wells were collected and analyzed in China. Based on the data, coalbed methane (CBM) reservoir properties and geological factors were studied. Combined with previous study results, the current situation of CBM resource evaluation, the classification of evaluation indexes and evaluation standard were analyzed. Finally, the evaluation system aiming at deep coal seam CBM was suggested. This system tries to provide important theoretical and technical support to CBM exploration and geological target selection evaluation for deep coal seams in China. This will provide important guideline and technical support to CBM exploration and geological target selection evaluation in deep coal seam CBM in China.
Principle of WaveSonic Logging Tool and Application
Authors: Feng Ji Hui
Published: June 2014

The configuration and technical specifications of the new type WaveSonic Logging Tool bought by West Drilling Well Logging Company are introduced from Halliburton Company.It shows that the consistency,repeatability and stability of the tool are good,and its specifications fully meet pre-designed requirements and quality control standards. In this paper, WaveSonic logging principles are briefly introduced, applications case studies to porosity, permeability, and oil and water saturation are discussed in details.
3D Geological Modeling (Deposit Scale) for Granite Rock-Mass in Yuku Area, Luanchuan, China
Authors: Miao Jin Xiang , Li Cai Xia , Qu Jin , Chen Xin , Wang Hong , Song Qin Chang
Published: June 2014

In order to find out the spatial shape of a granite rock-mass, three kinds of data can be used:1) The exploration data (drilling data, geological profile data, geological boundaries and so on); 2) The ridge extension line data applied to speculate the concealed granite rock-mass based on low magnetic-anomaly zone (△T≤50nT) from high-precision magnetic-prospecting and Controlled-Source Audio-Frequency Magnetotelluric (CSAMT) results; 3) The other interpolated data of concealed granite rock-mass boundary on CSAMT comprehensive prospecting profile. With these data, a simulating 3D model of the granite rock-mass can be established to provide basic data for prospecting deep concealed porphyry-polymetallic ore deposits.
Mining Shotcreting Support Design Availability Analysis
Authors: Xiao Li Ping
Published: June 2014

Research on the support of anchor rod+ Anchor cable and anchor+ sprayed concrete
Influence of Spinning Speed on the Properties of Sol-Gel Spin Coated ZnO Films
Authors: Ng Zi Neng , Chan Kah Yoong , Kamaruddin Sharul Ashikin , Zainizan Sahdan Mohd
Published: June 2014

In this work, ZnO films were fabricated by sol-gel spin coating technique. Different spinning speeds of 1000 to 6000 revolutions per minute (RPM) were used in order to study the changes on the properties of the ZnO films. The characterizations were conducted using surface profilometer for thickness measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM) for surface scanning, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) for structural analysis, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer for optical transmittance. The influence of spinning speed and the mechanisms which affect the growth of the ZnO films will be revealed.
Effects of Aggregate Size on Concrete Shear Strength
Authors: Leong Lau Teck , Zhe Chen , Mohamed Abdullahi Ali , Choong Wee Kang
Published: June 2014

In view of the importance of the applicability of small-scale beam specimens in replicating the shear behaviour of prototype reinforced concrete structures, this study was conducted on beam specimens cast with micro-concrete having scaled aggregates (maximum sizes: 10mm, 5mm, and 2mm) to investigate whether the use of micro-concrete impose any reduction in their shear strength. The results indicate the maximum aggregate size (s) has negligible effects on concrete shear strength, and the micro-concrete beam specimens replicate the shear behaviour of normal concrete.
Improving the Properties of Oil Palm Shell (OPS) Concrete Using Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Coated Aggregates
Authors: Chai Willie Wei Shung , Lee Delsye Teo Ching , Ng Chee Khoon
Published: June 2014

Recycling and reusing waste materials as aggregate replacement play an important role in solving issues associated with environmental problems and depletion of non-renewable resources. The use of these waste materials as aggregate is highly desirable as it can serve to sanitise the environment and create cheaper, renewable aggregates which will provide a double advantage as cost effective construction material and waste disposal at the same time. Hence, there is growing interest in this research area to promote safe and economical use of waste material as aggregate alternative in concrete. In Malaysia, where oil palm shell (OPS) is generated in abundance from the oil palm industry, reusing OPS as concrete aggregate replacement has been widely studied. Results from previous studies have shown that OPS concrete can be used in practical application as structural lightweight concrete. However, the properties of OPS can be further improved to achieve better performance of the resulting concrete. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer which is extensively used in all kinds of industries, such as papermaking, adhesive for plywood, printing and even in the construction industry as internal wall coating, plasterwork and joint sealing. It has been found that PVA has the potential to improve the quality of the OPS aggregates and hence enhance the resulting concrete properties. In this paper, an experimental program on concrete produced from PVA coated OPS aggregates is presented. The PVA treated OPS concrete was tested for slump, air-dry density, compressive strength, and water absorption. It was found that PVA treated OPS concrete had significant improvement in its compressive strength as compared to raw OPS concrete. It was determined that PVA treated OPS concrete can achieve 28-day compressive strength of up to 33.53 MPa. Moreover, it was also determined that there was a decrease of 0.67% in the water absorption of PVA treated OPS concrete as compared to the raw OPS concrete. In general, the investigation results showed that PVA can be used to improve the OPS concrete properties for the production of structural lightweight concrete.
Development of Rapid Tooling for Investment Casting Using Fused Deposition Modeling Process
Authors: Addanki Sambasiva Rao , Dharap Medha A. , Venkatesh Jonnalagedda V.L.
Published: June 2014

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process can be used to produce the rapid tooling directly or indirectly. However, rapid tooling application demands good surface finish since the poor surface finish of FDM parts has become a limitation for its tool application. So there is need to improve the surface finish of FDM made tools. In this study, surface roughness of FDM tools are drastically reduced by a post processing technique called chemical treatment process. Surface finish was improved by filling the gap between layers by diffusion of parent material. Thus FDM made tools can be used as direct as well as indirect tools after the chemical treatment. Comparative study was made between Silicon Rubber Moulding and FDM Tooling towards the cost, time, life of mould, quality and feasibility aspects. It was found that FDM tooling is more economical, easy to use, reduced cycle time, improved quality, long life of mould and more feasibility towards complex parts etc.
Monosodium Glutamate Functionalized Chitosan Beads for Adsorption of Precious Cerium Ion
Authors: Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat , Hussin Zurhana Mat , Ariff Noorul Farhana Md , Ngah Wan Saime Wan , Ibrahim Shariff Che
Published: June 2014

Monosodium glutamate functionalized chitosan (MSGC) beads were synthesized and used as an adsorbent for recovering precious cerium ion from aqueous solutions. Several parameters which can affect adsorption efficiency such as effect of pH and adsorbent dosage have been investigated. The optimum pH for Ce (III) adsorption was 4. The rate of Ce (III) uptake was fast as the time to reach equilibrium was less than 10 min. Based on the applied kinetic model, Ce (III) adsorption onto MSGC fitted well with pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity recorded from the Langmuir isotherm model was 369.0 mg g-1 at 300 K.
Preliminary Study on Analysis of the Chemical Compositions and Characterization of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) in Malaysia
Authors: Nurul Hazirah Che Hamzah , Masturah Markom , Osman Hassan , Jamaliah M. Jahim , Shuhaida Harun
Published: June 2014

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is the most important crop of Malaysia. Malaysia can be considered as the worlds largest producer and exporter of crude palm oil. The objectives of this work are to analyze and investigate the chemical compositions and the characterization of empty fruit bunches. The chemical compositions of EFB are analyzed using National Renewable Energy Laboratory method. Milled empty fruit bunches submitted to different treatments are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen analyzer (CHN), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and surface morphology. Chemical compositions which are analyzed include glucan, xylan, arabinan, extractive, ash and lignin contents. The compositions of EFB are determined in two forms which are extractive free sample and native whole sample. The results obtained show that extractive free sample has higher glucan and xylan contents which are 37.8% and 20.5% as compared with whole native sample which are 34.3% and 19.7% respectively. However, the contents of arabinan and lignin of extractive free sample which are 1.5% and 21.8% are much lower than whole native sample which are 2% and 28.7% respectively. The ash content for both samples is 5.2%. The result for extractive analysis of extractive free sample is 15%. The basic functional groups and elements which present in EFB are obtained by FTIR and CHN analysis respectively. TGA analysis curve shows the decomposition of EFB peak value at 312.5oC. The morphology study of EFB carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows a roughness surface.
A Non-Isothermal Thermo Gravimetric Kinetic Analysis of Malaysian Poultry-Processing-Dewatered-Sludge
Authors: Abbas A. H. , Fadhil M. , Aris Mohmd Shiraz , Ibrahim A.B.A. , Nor Aniza Mohammed Termzy
Published: June 2014

Poultry processing dewatered sludge which consisting of trimmings, fat, feathers and liquid discharges from processing slaughtered chicken is typically land filled in specialized sites. It is a costly process to manage and if not handled according to stringent procedures can be harmful to the surrounding environment. The use of this waste material as an alternative fuel can be an effective solution, as it not only contributes as an energy source but also solves environmental issues related to poultry sludge disposal. Combustion, gasification and pyrolysis are efficient techniques of utilizing energy effectively from poultry sludge. The performances of mathematical models to predict the product gas quality is rely on characterization of feed materials as well as the reaction kinetics of their thermal degradation. The aim of this study is to determine selected physical and chemical properties of poultry sludge associated with thermochemical conversion. Thermogravimetric analyses were performed at heating rates of 10, 20, 30, and 40 K/min in an air (oxidizing) atmosphere. The parameters of the reaction kinetics such as activation energy and reaction order were obtained by the application of OzawaFlynn Wall and Vyazovkin kinetic models.
Effect of the Addition of Nano-Clay on the Physical Property and the Melt-Spinnability of Bacterial Polyester
Authors: Yamane Hideki , Momii Santa , Yagi Shinichi , Wataoka Isao , Suzuki Noriyuki
Published: June 2014

Synthetic mica organically treated with alkylamines was added to poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH), one of the bacterial co-polyesters. Mica dispersing in PHBH acted as a crosslinking point of PHBH chains and increased the melt viscosity of PHBH significantly. The melt spinnability of PHBH was greatly improved by the addition of mica and the crystallization of PHBH in the spinline was highly promoted. WAXD spectra showed that the as-spun fibers of PHBH/MICA contain both highly oriented α-and β-forms of PHBH crystal. Further the SAXS revealed that the mica dispersing in the PHBH fiber oriented with its surface parallel to the fiber axis. The crystalline orientation of PHBH, orientation of mica, and the formation of β-form all improve the mechanical property of PHBH fibers.
Removal of Pb (II) by CS2 Modified Kenaf Powder
Authors: Zakaria Siti Raihan , Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat , Khazaai Siti Norhafiza Mohd , Hussin Zurhana Mat , Khalir Wan Khaima Azira Wan Mat , Ismail Mardhiah
Published: June 2014

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is a hardy crop that has wide industrial applications such as insulator, paper, carpet padding, bedding and a good adsorbent for oil. This study investigated the ability of carbon disulfide (CS2) modified kenaf (CMK) to remove toxic Pb (II) from waste water. Adsorbent characterization was carried out by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope (FESEM-EDX) analysis. The adsorption kinetic data was well described by pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption isotherm study indicated that Langmuir model fitted well with the experimental data than the Freundlich model. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacities of Pb (II) (qmax) was 63.3 mg g-1 .This study suggested that CMK has a good potential to be used as an adsorbent material for Pb (II) removal from aqueous solutions.
Effects of ZnO Addition and Sintering Temperature on Dielectric Properties of MgTiO3 Ceramic
Authors: Ji Xiao Li , Yi Fang , Zhang Song , Zhai Cheng C. , Hu Peng Fei
Published: June 2014

The effects of ZnO addition and sintering temperature on dielectric properties of MgTiO3 ceramics were investigated. The results showed that addition ZnO not only reduce the sintering temperature but also improve the density and dielectric properties of MgTiO3 ceramics. (Mg1-xZnx)TiO3 (MZT) ceramics shows microwave dielectric properties in a wide range of sintering temperature when x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3. At x ≥ 0.4, the density of ceramics decreased and porosity, defects and glass phase increased with increased doping of ZnO, resulting in the increase of dielectric loss of MZT and reduce of quality factor.
Fabrication of Nitride Ceramics by Electric Current Assisted Sintering
Authors: Nishimura Toshiyuki , Hirosaki Naoto
Published: June 2014

Electric current assisted sintering (ECAS) has been used for sintering of nitride ceramic powders. It was mainly used for fabrication of fine-grained silicon nitride ceramics with high plasticity at high-temperatures, because high heating rate of ECAS was effective for densification without grain growth. Recent trend of silicon nitride ceramics sintered by ECAS are for wear resistance, corrosion resistance, or high toughness. Application of silicon nitride ceramics is expanding and the ECAS is helpful for improving the properties. The ECAS is used for sintering of aluminum nitride ceramics, recently. Aluminum nitride powder could be densified without sintering additive by ECAS, but some kinds of sintering additives are effective for densification and improvement of thermal conductivity.
Effect of Initial Alpha-SiC Content on Thermal Conductivity of Silicon Carbide Ceramics
Authors: Lim Kwang Young , Cho Tae Young , Kim Young Wook , Lee Seung Jae
Published: June 2014

By using α-and/or β-SiC powders, the effects of initial α-phase content on the microstructure and thermal properties of the SiC ceramics sintered with Y2O3 and Sc2O3 were investigated. When α-SiC powder was used, the microstructure consisted of large equiaxed grains and small equiaxed grains. The average grain size decreased with increasing α-SiC content in the starting composition. The thermal conductivity decreased with increasing α-SiC content in the starting composition. Such results suggest that the grain growth of SiC ceramics is beneficial in increasing the thermal conductivity of liquid-phase sintered SiC ceramics. The thermal conductivity of SiC ceramics processed from a 90% β-SiC-10% α-SiC powder mixture was 159 W/m∙K at room temperature.
Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Boron Carbide Composite by Hot-Pressing Following Extrusion Molding
Authors: Kobayashi Tomohiro , Yoshida Katsumi , Yano Toyohiko
Published: June 2014

The CNT/B4C composite with Al2O3 additive was fabricated by hot-pressing following extrusion molding of a CNT/B4C paste, and mechanical properties of the obtained composite were investigated. Many CNTs in the composite aligned along the extrusion direction from SEM observation. 3-points bending strength of the composite was slightly lower than that of the monolithic B4C. Elastic modulus and Vickers hardness of the composite drastically decreased with CNT addition. Fracture toughness of the composite was higher than that of the monolithic B4C.
Effect of Holding Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Diffusion-Bonded Mg1/Pure Ag Foil/1060Al Joints
Authors: Wang Yi Yu , Luo Qiang Guo , Shen Qiang , Wang Chuan Bin , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: June 2014

Mg1 and 1060 Al were diffusion-bonded by using pure silver foil under different holding times (10 min~120 min). The interface of the joint consists of Mg-Ag diffusion zone, Ag foil interlayer and Ag-Al diffusion zone. The distributions of Mg, Ag and Al show ladder-like distributions at the interface of the joints. When the holding time is below 90 min, silver foil has impeded the inter-diffusion of Mg and Al. When the holding time is beyond 90 min, the brittle eutectic Mg-Al intermetallic compounds (IMCs) cannot be avoided. Mg3Ag and MgAg intermetallic compounds formed on Mg base side. Ag2Al intermetallic compound grew on Al base side. The thicknesses of Mg3Ag, MgAg and Ag2Al increased linearly with the increasing holding time, which is contrary to that of the silver foil. The growth rate relationship of the formed IMCs is MgAg > Ag2Al > Mg3Ag according the slope values of the fitted lines. The hardness sharply increased at the interface because of the formation of IMCs. The maximum hardness values of three IMCs Mg3Ag, MgAg and Ag2Al are 287.5 HV, 196.5 HV and 175.7 HV respectively. The hardness of each IMC layer increased with the extension of holding time. The shear strength of the joints decreased from 10.5 MPa to 4.6 MPa with the rising holding time.
Consolidation of Titanium Carbide with Zirconium Carbide by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Li Ying , Katsui Hirokazu , Goto Takashi
Published: June 2014

Titanium carbide (TiC) was consolidated with 20 mol% zirconium carbide (ZrC) by spark plasma sintering in the temperature range of 1773–2473 K, and the phase formation, microstructure, relative density and mechanical properties were investigated. The composite consisted of Ti-rich (Ti, Zr)C and Zr-rich (Zr, Ti)C solid solutions at 1773–2373 K, and was single-phase (Ti, Zr)C at 2473 K. The relative density of the composite was over 98% above 2073 K. The composite prepared at 2273 K exhibited the maximumHVof 29.7 GPa with theKICof 3.76 MPa m1/2.
Fabrication and Properties of W-Cu Functionally Graded Material by Tape-Casting
Authors: Luo Qiang Guo , Dai Yang , Liu Shu Long , Yu Kan , Shen Qiang , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the W-Cu functionally graded material (FGM) was prepared by using the non-aqueous tape-casting technique combined with vacuum hot-pressing sintering. The graded composite material with high density, uniform transition and graded component was designed by 7 layers with the copper content range from 40 to 100 wt. %. Then the structures and properties of the composite were characterized. The scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) results for the W-Cu graded material showed that the interface between different layers was of high smoothness and parallel. The SEM-EDS results of cross section show that the W and Cu content changed gradually along the laminating direction after sintering. The equivalent electrical conductivity and the equivalent thermal conductivity of the W-Cu graded material were 0.3976×108 S/m and 323.5 W/(m·K), respectively, which were much higher than that of the W-40 wt. % Cu homogeneous composite. The Vickers hardness of the high tungsten content surface and the high copper surface were 163 HV and 80 HV, respectively, which were same with that of the homogeneous material.
Growth and Luminescence Properties of Ce and Ca Co-Doped LiGdF4-LiF Eutectic Scintillator
Authors: Hishinuma Kosuke , Kamada Kei , Kurosawa Shunsuke , Suzuki Shotaro , Yamaji Akihiro , Yokota Yuui , Yoshikawa Akira
Published: June 2014

Ce and Ca co-doped LiGdF4-LiF eutectics were grown and their directionally solidified eutectic (DSE) system has been investigated. In these eutectics, apart from the expected 305 nm emission of the regular Ce3+, 310 nm emission of the Gd3+ and Ce3+-perturbed emission around 320-380 nm was observed. Ce3+-perturbed emission at 340 nm shows the intrinsic decay time of about 27 ns. In photoluminescence mechanism the observed decay time shortening of the regular Ce3+ and Gd3+ centers point to the energy transfer in the sequence the regular Ce3+→ (Gd3+)n→ the perturbed Ce3+ sites.
An Experience with Blunt Abdominal Trauma: Evaluation, Management and Outcome
Authors: Mehta Nikhil , Babu Sudarshan , Venugopal Kumar
Published: June 2014

Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is a frequent emergency and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in spite of improved recognition, diagnosis and management. Trauma is the second largest cause of disease accounting for 16% of global burden. The World Health Organization estimates that, by 2020, trauma will be the first or second leading cause of years of productive life lost for the entire world population. This study endeavors to evaluate 71 cases of BAT with stress on early diagnosis and management, increase use of non operative management, and time of presentation of patients. A retrospective analysis of 71 patients of BAT who were admitted in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences hospital (KIMS, Bangalore, India) within a span of 18 months was done. Demographic data, mechanism of trauma, management and outcomes were studied. Most of the patients in our study were in the age group of 21-30 years with an M:F ratio of 3.7:1. Motor vehicle accident (53%) was the most common mechanism of injury. Spleen (53%) was the commonest organ injured and the most common surgery performed was splenectomy (30%). Most common extra abdominal injury was rib fracture in 20%. Mortality rate was 4%. Wound sepsis (13%) was the commonest complication. Initial resuscitation measures, thorough clinical examination and correct diagnosis forms the most vital part of management. 70% of splenic, liver and renal injuries can be managed conservatively where as hollow organs need laparotomy in most of the cases. The time of presentation of patients has a lot to do with outcome. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can save many lives.
Elemental associations in mineral deposits and indicator elements of interest in geochemical prospecting (revised)
Authors: Boyle R W
Published: June 2014

This revision of a former report by the same title contains numerous data on the elemental associations in all types of mineral deposits and discusses the use of various indicator elements in geochemical prospecting.