bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notas sobre a crítica ao planejamento em Law, legislation and liberty, de F. A. von Hayek
Authors: Fleck Amaro de Oliveira
Published: August 2024

Em Direito, legislação e liberdade, Friedrich August von Hayek dirige diversas críticas à ordem planejada implementada pelos Estados previdenciários no mundo ocidental. O presente artigo almeja analisar estas críticas, em especial os critérios normativos subjacentes a elas. Sua tese é que Hayek fracassa em suas críticas por: 1) cometer a falácia naturalista; 2) não diferenciar suficientemente a teoria das ordens espontâneas da teoria da evolução cultural; 3) não perceber que a teoria da evolução cultural pode ser conciliada com a ordem planejada.
Contratualismo e justiça: ações justas e injustas na relação entre validade e cumprimento de pactos em Hobbes
Authors: Mattos Delmo
Published: August 2024

A relação entre os termos do contratualismo e da justiça é uma questão relevante a ser discutida no âmbito do projeto filosófico e político de Hobbes. Trata-se, portanto, de uma relação que subjaz a lógica interna do seu projeto contratualista, enquanto uma relação entre promessas de cumprimento e uma ação contrária capaz de desfazer o princípio de qualquer acordo efetivamente expresso. Nesse sentido, há, portanto, duas ações no núcleo do acordo consensual proposto por Hobbes, uma ação injusta e outra justa, ou seja, uma de “quebra” do acordo, outra do cumprimento da promessa. Essas ações são os elementos conceituais mais relevantes para refletir o sentido do ato justo e injusto no âmbito do contratualismo hobbesiano. O justo compreende o cumprimento do acordo e, por outro, o seu descumprimento é uma ação injusta. Não obstante, deve-se indagar: o que determina o cumprimento e o descumprimento do acordo? Em que sentido uma “vida virtuosa” depende de cumprir promessas, acordos e pactos? O propósito desse artigo consiste em evidenciar o cerne da temática da justiça em Hobbes considerando, sobretudo, a sua intrínseca relação com o seu argumento contratualista. Nessa relação, analisam-se o caráter dúbio das atribuições das palavras justo e injusto, assim como as de justiça e da injustiça. Diante disso, o direcionamento do debate proposto será de examinar a natureza da concepção de justiça, utilizando-se do modo como Hobbes concebe as determinações de uma verdadeira ação justa, ao passo que mediante tais esclarecimento seja possível conceber um homem justo e, consequentemente, um homem virtuoso e a pratica de uma vida virtuosa.
DEFINIÇÃO EM SÓCRATES E A CRÍTICA DE GEACH
Authors: Borges Anderson
Published: August 2024

Peter Geach cunhou a expressão “falácia socrática” para se referir a duas proposições que, segundo ele, são defendidas por Sócrates: que uma definição é necessária para usarmos corretamente um termo e que o estudo de exemplos de ocorrências do termo não é útil à sua elucidação. Várias respostas críticas foram dadas a Geach. No presente texto, retomo e comento estas duas proposições. Argumento que a segunda é realmente falsa, mas Sócrates não a adota. Mostro também que a primeira não é falsa se adequadamente qualificada. Destaco ainda que Geach não ofereceu, em seu artigo, um argumento para provar que o princípio que ele chamou de “falácia socrática” é de fato uma falácia em qualquer contexto de aplicação.
Em Defesa de Duas Teses da Separabilidade entre Legalidade e Direito
Authors: Faggion Andrea
Published: August 2024

Há algumas conexões necessárias entre direito e moral. Mas elas não derivam de conexões necessárias entre legalidade e valor moral, ou legalidade e pretensões morais, pois essas conexões não existem, ou ao menos é o que argumento. A primeira seção deste artigo se divide em duas partes. A primeira argumenta que a justiça formal (procedimental) em si mesma não é moralmente vinculante, de maneira que a legalidade não tem valor moral intrínseco. A segunda argumenta que algumas tarefas morais atribuídas à legalidade não são razão suficiente para considerarmos que a legalidade necessariamente tem valor moral instrumental. A segunda seção lida com a tese de acordo com a qual a legalidade estaria necessariamente conectada com alguma pretensão moral. Ela se divide em três partes. A primeira defende que agentes sem consciência moral têm boas razões para legalizar suas relações mútuas. A segunda vai além e procura mostrar que um sistema legal é útil como um meio de dominação. A última seção discute a estabilidade de um sistema legal sem pretensões morais.
Um Embrião não é um Indivíduo
Authors: Dantas Danilo Fraga
Published: August 2024

Um argumento recorrente contra a liberalização do aborto parte do pressuposto de que, desde o momento da fertilização, seres humanos são indivíduos (no sentido de serem algo que necessariamente ocorre em uma entidade apenas). Nesse artigo, parto da possibilidade de geminação monozigótica e do fato de identidades serem necessárias para argumentar que esse não é o caso. No artigo, discuto as premissas do argumento e as possíveis interpretações de sua conclusão. Argumento que a conclusão desse argumento está em concordância com a conclusão de um argumento semelhante, que parte de noções correntes de ‘organismo’.
Precisão teórica e a constituição do explanandum apropriado em EN VII 3
Authors: Mendonça Fernando Martins
Published: August 2024

O objetivo desse artigo é duplo: tentar esclarecer quais são as condições apresentadas em EN I que uma disciplina ou argumento deve cumprir para ser considerado preciso, e tentar mostrar que o exame da acrasia em EN VII 3 cumpre tais condições. Na primeira parte do texto, selecionarei passagens que apresentam tais condições e farei uma distinção entre precisão prática e precisão teórica. Na segunda parte, em que me dedicarei à análise dos sentidos em que se pode possuir conhecimento e não o utilizar em EN VII 3, mostrarei que Aristóteles tem como objetivo obter a formulação apropriada do explanandum que será objeto da investigação causal da acrasia. Minha conclusão será que os critérios de precisão apresentados na primeira parte do trabalho são cumpridos pelo procedimento aristotélico em EN VII 3.
A metafísica platônica como método das Formas
Authors: De Almeida Nazareno Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Este ensaio defende a hipótese segundo a qual a metafísica platônica não pode ser exclusivamente definida a partir de seu objeto, as Formas ou Ideias, mas também deveria ser tomada a partir de seu método, o qual se realiza lidando com as Formas como instrumentos metodológicos quer para definir as próprias Formas no nível inteligível, quer para definir as Formas instanciadas nos objetos sensíveis. Em um primeiro momento, argumento de modo geral que a metafísica platônica, por sua herança socrática e parmenídica, é um método que tanto opera com quanto visa conhecer as Formas. Em um segundo momento, apresento o pano de fundo a partir do qual essa interpretação se torna possível: a metafísica platônica como investigação das condições que tornam possíveis as relações dos seres humanos consigo mesmos, com os demais indivíduos e com o mundo natural e histórico em que vivem. Também defendo que tais condições são apenas pesquisáveis através do diálogo filosófico, como um “espaço” privilegiado onde essas mesmas relações podem ser explicitadas. Em um terceiro momento, apresento um percurso textual para corroborar esta interpretação. Nesta parte, analiso inicialmente o nascimento do método das Formas a partir do elenchos socrático nos diálogos da primeira fase, mas especialmente tomando em atenção o diálogo Mênon. Depois analiso a introdução da noção platônica de filosofia como método hipotético no Fédon. Em seguida, passo a uma análise da apresentação do método dialético em República VI. Depois disso, analiso o método das Formas no Parmênides. Por fim, abordo como este método se configura nos diálogos Sofista e Político. Dentre as conclusões gerais que se pode retirar desta interpretação, acredito que uma das mais importantes é apontar que há uma necessária circularidade epistêmica (manifestada em diversos sentidos) na metafísica platônica como método das Formas.
Truth Operations and Logical-Mathematical Recursivity on the Propositional Calculus Basis of the Tractatus of L. Wittgenstein
Authors: Simões Eduardo , Alves Aline Aquino , Pires Leandro de Oliveira
Published: August 2024

The objective of this paper is to present the truth tables method of the propositional calculus of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus as a result of computational procedures involving recursive operations in mathematics, since the secondary literature that is involved with such a problem fails to demonstrate such aspect of the work. The proposal is to demonstrate the base calculation of the truth operations as a consequence of the application of mathematical resources that involve the notion of recursivity, inspired both in the natural numbers as well as in the factorial calculus, as well as in the procedures recommended by the combinatorial analysis and the calculation of probability. It is hoped, therefore, to present the truth operations of the propositional calculus as coming from the application of arithmetic to the logical resources.
(Dis)embodied language
Authors: Meurer César Fernando
Published: August 2024

The connection between language and the body has become a significant topic of research over the last decades. On the one hand, those who hold that language has an embodied nature endorse a close link between linguistic and sensorimotor processing. As a result, language processing is understood as an online activity, i.e., as something that stands in relationship to the local environment and engages in here-and-now tasks. On the other hand, for those who contend that language is fundamentally disembodied, linguistic processing is a matter of mental manipulation of amodal symbols according to a set of rules. On this view, language is an offline activity and is considered to be something that grants us interesting cognitive advantages due to its independence from sensorimotor contingencies. This paper [i] offers a comprehensive presentation of these two views; [ii] highlights a crucial challenge for each of them: the scaling phenomenon and the grounding problem, respectively; and [iii] argues that all attempts to overcome these two challenges have major shortcomings.
DETERMINAÇÃO E INDETERMINAÇÃO NA FÍSICA MODERNA E CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Marinucci Angelo
Published: August 2024

Pretende-se apresentar neste artigo os temas do determinismo e do indeterminismo na física moderna e contemporânea, seguindo o desenvolvimento histórico. Nesse sentido, apoiando-se apenas em textos científicos, mostram-se os elementos do determinismo anterior a Poincaré. A respeito do indeterminismo, foca-se a atenção na introdução do caos determinístico, através do trabalho de Poincaré sobre o problema dos três corpos e da indeterminação quântica. Para cada uma das duas formas de indeterminação será fornecida também uma interpretação do estatuto gnosiológico.
Scotus sobre ações mistas e o voluntário: novas análises sobre a liberdade da vontade
Authors: Pich Roberto Hofmeister
Published: August 2024

Em distinções voltadas ao sacramento do batismo e à análise de casos de batismos válidos, João Duns Scotus ofereceu explanações filosóficas importantes sobre a vontade e a liberdade ou, mais especificamente, sobre a estrutura e a voluntariedade de ações mistas. Neste estudo, mostra-se a originalidade da descrição, por Scotus, de ações compostas de voluntariedade e de involuntariedade, em comparação com o relato aristotélico e de outros intérpretes medievais. Indica-se, ademais, aspectos controversos da recepção dos textos scotistas por missionários franciscanos, no século 16.
Neurons of Macaque Frontal Eye Field Signal Reward-Related Surprise
Authors: Shteyn Michael R. , Olson Carl R.
Published: August 2024

The frontal eye field (FEF) plays a well-established role in the control of visual attention. The strength of an FEF neuron's response to a visual stimulus presented in its receptive field is enhanced if the stimulus captures spatial attention by virtue of its salience. A stimulus can be rendered salient by cognitive factors as well as by physical attributes. These include surprise. The aim of the present experiment was to determine whether surprise-induced salience would result in enhanced visual response strength in the FEF. Toward this end, we monitored neuronal activity in two male monkeys while presenting first a visual cue predicting with high probability that the reward delivered at the end of the trial would be good or bad (large or small) and then a visual cue announcing the size of the impending reward with certainty. The second cue usually confirmed but occasionally violated the expectation set up by the first cue. Neurons responded more strongly to the second cue when it violated than when it confirmed expectation. The increase in firing rate was accompanied by a decrease in spike-count correlation as expected from capture of attention. Although both good surprise and bad surprise induced enhanced firing, the effects appeared to arise from distinct mechanisms as indicated by the fact that the bad-surprise signal appeared at a longer latency than the good-surprise signal, and by the fact that the strength of the two signals varied independently across neurons.

Significance StatementNeurons in the macaque frontal eye field (FEF) respond strongly to cues predicting rewards. Their firing might be related to the representation of value or to the capture of attention. We set out to resolve this issue by monitoring neuronal responses to cues conveying surprising information about upcoming rewards. We find that surprising cues elicit enhanced responses regardless of whether the surprise is good (more reward than expected) or bad (less reward than expected). These findings, which constitute the first evidence for surprise-driven activity in the FEF, are most harmonious with an interpretation based on capture of attention.
Villain to Antihero
Authors: Cohoon Wesley D.
Published: August 2024

Identity and reality are socially constructed and maintained by both the individual and society. A primary way this occurs is through a process where people adjust their behaviors to meet the expectations of those around them and fit into an assigned place in life. People are not the sole creators of their destinies or their identities. Instead, their choices and how they develop identity are accomplished through social structures, interactions with others, and language used. Whenever people experience an event that damages their identity—like a history of substance abuse—they have difficulty redeeming themself and restoring their reality primarily because society is reluctant to let the person move past the injured or addicted identity. The author utilizes autoethnography and the idea of the antihero to show the social process where a spoiled identity can be reinterpreted into a new one. The article relies on dramaturgical analysis and the concept of social construction of reality, world-building, and world-maintaining. The author explores how his struggle with alcohol and subsequent religious conversion to Evangelical Christianity helped him establish a new identity, interpret previous mistakes, and build supportive connections. This study is significant because it emphasizes the sociological aspects of identity creation and restoration instead of individual ones.
Higher education: mercantilism, citizenship formation and interdisciplinarity
Authors: Domínguez Freddy Varona-
Published: August 2024

This text was written based on the current importance of higher education, with a universal view and from an epistemological perspective focused on the relationships between what is and what should be. It was carried out with the objective of helping to counteract mercantilism in higher education and the positivist theoretical positions that serve as its theoretical support. Consequently, it is made up of reflections on these topics and, at the same time, of theoretical elaborations around citizen education, complex thinking and interdisciplinarity because they are fields where there are ways and means to advance in achieving the objective. The inclusion of the humanities in the deployment of interdisciplinarity between disciplines of other types is emphasized. This study was carried out through classic bibliographic research and with the use of a varied bibliography, but that responds to the topic discussed, which, for the most part, is recently published.
VERSION OF LOITERING MUNITIONS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS ANALYSIS
Authors:   M. K. Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, ZHUGAN O. , DEGTYAREV M. ,   M. K. Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office
Published: August 2024

At present, objects of the rocket and space industry and strategic nuclear forces of the leading countries of the world, as well as other expensive infrastructure objects, can be attacked by air attack units belonging to the newest class of weapon — loitering munitions. This type of weapons combines low cost and easy development and production, which makes them available for illegal armed formations and the conduct of hybrid warfare. According to their design features and performance characteristics, loitering munitions occupy a place between cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles. To analyze the threats from this type of weaponry to objects of the rocket and space industry and other sectors of the economy and to determine potential countermeasures, a version of classifying modern and future loitering munitions is proposed based on their operating range and typical destruction objectives. Specifically, loitering munitions can be divided into anti-aircraft munitions and munitions to target ground objectives. The latter category is additionally divided into tactical, medium-range, and long-range loitering munitions. Technical features, typical munitions and development trends are given for each category of loitering munitions. The de- pendence of the loitering munition warhead mass on the launch mass was studied, and the effect of the installed engine type was shown. The dependence of the main engine type on the loitering munition category is identified, which is a determining factor that forms the configuration and performance characteristics of a munition. An analysis of modern armed conflicts shows that loitering munitions are gaining more and more importance for successful accom- plishment of combat missions. It is shown that depending on the enemy, nature of hostilities, technological and economic capabilities of the parties to the conflict, loitering munitions of different categories can be used. Examples are given of the prominent role of loitering munitions in such conflicts as the current conflict in Yemen and the recent war in Nagorno-Karabakh. Based on the proposed classification of loitering munitions and the experience of their tactical employment in armed conflicts of the 21st century, a vision was formed for the development of loitering munitions for the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
From Manichaeism to Politics: an Ideological Instrumentalization of Mykhailo Drahomanov’s Social Anthropology by the Ukrainian Leftists
Authors: Shelukhin Volodymyr
Published: August 2024

In the history of Ukrainian sociology, the legacy of Mykhailo Drahomanov (1841-1895) is primarily analyzed in terms of his socio-political writings or early methodological ones. However, when considering Drahomanov's long-term and internationally recognized contribution to social sciences and humanities, it is his works at the intersection of folklore studies and social anthropology that are much less often in the focus of sociologists' attention. An important component of these works was Drahomanov's prolonged interest in dualistic heresies and the views on social reality as divided between truth and falsehood, transmitted by the. This interest, which guided the scholar’s research interests for twenty years, had far-reaching consequences for the politicization of the Ukrainian national movement at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. The author argues that Drahomanov's folklore and social-anthropological writings, which attracted the attention of researchers of Gnosticism and dualism like C.-G. Jung, as well as contemporary anthropologists, led him to the conviction that the traditional Ukrainian folk worldview tends towards a dualistic, Bogomil-Manichaean, origin-based perspective on the world. He used this conviction for political purposes, and the younger generation of activists of the Ukrainian national movement, who gave rise to radicals, socialist revolutionaries, and social democrats, widely exploited this socio-anthropological discovery for their own political agitation. The conclusions of the study lay the groundwork for further movement in several possible directions: research of the left-wing press to identify specific strategies for the application of the dualistic myth in propaganda, providing a more general historical-cultural context for contemporary studies of populism in Ukraine, as well as a general revaluation of different components in Drahomanov's legacy in the contemporary history of Ukrainian sociology.
Role of maternal imago transformation in psychotherapeutic process
Authors: Privalov Yuriy , Vovk Anna
Published: August 2024

In modern psychology, the topic of human attachments is part of the issue of social relations between people, their regulation in the field of education, upbringing, and psychotherapy. The formation of attachment types is rooted in family communication systems characterized by family rules, personal boundaries, and direct communication. Individual and family psychotherapy offers many effective tools for developing family systems and compensating for the negative effects of their influence on the individual. The family system allows each family member to consolidate the foundations of narcissistic identity, as well as become a subject of their own history and a social subject. Each child is born mentally in the heart of an existing family psychic apparatus, which is supported by a socio-cultural matrix. Culture contains and maintains the syncretic background of the psyche and supports the process of psychic structuring. Interactions and affective exchange have psychic consequences, and the emergence of representations demonstrates the role of caregivers. Psychoanalytic theory is based on the basic premise that the representation of an object arises from the reactivation of traces of pleasure associated with the experience of need satisfaction that unites infants and their mothers. An exceptional place in the inner life of a person is occupied by the unconscious image of the mother, the maternal imago, the change of which entails a transformation of attitudes towards the world, society, people and oneself, which has led to the relevance of this research topic. The object of study of the article is the maternal imago. The subject of the study is the process of transformation of the maternal imago in psychoanalytic work. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of changing the maternal imago in the process of psychoanalytic work and the reflection of these changes on the client’s attitude towards himself and others.
Prospects for the use of growth regulators in vegetative propagation technology of La-vandula angustifolia
Authors: Kobets O. , Derevianko N. , Zavhorodnii M. , Berezovska M.
Published: August 2024

Lavenders include some 28 species of evergreen aromatic shrubs and subshrubs belonging to the mint family, the Lamiaceae. They occur mainly around the Mediterranean and their flowers range from pink to purple and white. It is known that Lavandula angustifolia Mill. is an unpretentious decorative and essential oil crop that is widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Therefore, the planting material of this crop is in great demand in Ukraine. Cultivated varieties of lavender are very different for vegetative reproduction. A promising path is the testing for new effective and environmentally friendly rooting stimulants. The experiments were conducted in the Horticulture Laboratory of the Khortytsiа National Academy. The study tested the influence of aqueous solutions of a complex of amino acids, polypeptides, amino sugars, hexuronic acids, and microelements called “Bioglobin”, a complex of inorganic compounds containing (nitrogen – 4.7%, phosphorus – 3.4%, potassium – 4.6%, iron – 1.6%, zinc – 1.6%) and organic compounds (alginate acid, betaine, polysaccharides, vitamin complex of groups B, C, D) called “Ferti Root”, a complex of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (C14–C28), polysaccharides, 15 amino acids, analogs of cytokinin and auxin nature phytohormones called “Emistim S”, a complex of 2.6-dimethylpyridine-1-oxide with α-phenylacetic acid called “Charkor”, disodium salt of 2-(quinolin-4-ylthio) succinic acid on the rooting and development of varieties "Stepova", "Vdala", "Sineva" one-year woodcuttings. The indicators were evaluated in comparison with the control without processing the cuttings before planting, and with the use of (4-(indol-3-yl) butyric acid) called “Kornevin”. Mother plants are 2–3 years old. The experiment was repeated three times, 30 cuttings each. Woodсuttings were planted in open-door ground at early October. In May, the number of rooted cuttings, as well as the number and length of roots was counted. It was found that two preparations had the maximum positive effect on the cuttings rooting: disodium salt of 2-(quinolin-4-ylthio) succinic acid at a concentration of 5 mg/L and “Ferti Root”. Consequently, the rooting percentage increased by 18–20% in all researched varieties compared to the control. The length and number of new formed roots in these experimental versions exceeded the control indicators by 1.5–2.0 times. Other researched preparations did not show a positive effect on the rooting cuttings indicators.
Pathomorphological changes in the large intestine subject to chronic trichuriasis
Authors: Serdioucov J. K. , Mykhailiutenko E. V. , Kruchynenko O. V. , Mykhailiutenko S. M. , Klymenko O. S.
Published: August 2024

Trichuris spp. are endoparasites identified in many neotropical rodents. The study was conducted on nutrias (Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782) – semi-aquatic rodents of the family Echimyidae Gray, 1825, held at individual private farms in Poltava Oblast. This study gives us understanding of the species Trichuris myocastoris (Enigk, 1933), diagnosed in the gastrointestinal canal of nutrias. Thus, the objective of the study was to describe pathomorphological changes occurring in the large intestine of nutrias suffering trichuriasis. During the dissection, by macroscopically examining the cavity of large intestine, we detected small white spindle-shaped helminths. Trichuris myocastoris was found to have specific morphological features. Nematodes had a long thread-like front part and thickened, shorter, posterior part. The cuticle was finely striped transversally. In the lumen of large intestine of the nutrias, the average numbers T. myocastoris (n = 15) were found to be 36.7 ± 2.1 in males and 47.7 ± 2.5 in females in summer; and 11.1 ± 1.3 and 16.5 ± 1.2 in winter, respectively. For the histological studies, we chose fragments of the wall of large intestine. Microscopically, in the intestinal lumen, there were recorded transversal or diagonal sections of bodies of the pathogens. The nematodes’ cuticle was stained basophically, and their internal organs eosinophilically. The superficial epithelium of the intestine was ruined in places, and some epitheloicytes were in the intestinal lumen. The intestinal glands were enlarged, filled with mucous content, mostly stained blue-violet, especially in the superficial sections of the glands, i.e. basophilous color. The lamina propria of the mucous membrane, especially between the intestinal glands, was notably infiltrated by lymphoid cells, and individual lymphoid cells were also found in the lumen of intestinal glands and even in the organ’s lumen. Single lymphoid cells also were present in the layer of the mucous membrane. Under large increases, we saw signs of mucous hypersecretion in the goblet cells of the intestinal glands in the form of concentrations of poorly stained mucus granules in cytoplasm. Some goblet cells were ruined, desquamated, and their remains were in the lumens of glands together with mucus. The provided data suggest the relevance of Trichuris invasion as an etiological factor in the emergence of chronic lymphohistiocytic colitis.
Biochemical state of brain-liver axis of rats under restraint-induced stress and 2-oxoglutarate impact
Authors: Dyomshyna O. , Dovban O. , Ushakova G.
Published: August 2024

Environmental factors play a significant role in affecting the overall health of organisms, with stress being a notable contributor. The process of urbanization and globalization in modern society introduces additional stressors, exacerbating population health issues. Consequently, there is a need for thorough examination, analysis, and exploration of strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of stress. 2-Oxoglutarate, an essential intracellular metabolite and mediator with metabolite trophic properties, emerges as a promising candidate for intervention. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the combined impact of restraint-induced stress and 2-oxoglutarate on the oxidative-reducing balance, antioxidant system effectiveness, and the functional status of the liver and brain in rats. Restraint-induced stress was found to elevate oxidative stress levels, as evidenced by increased concentrations of malonic dialdehyde and oxidative-modified proteins, particularly in the brain. Additionally, signs of lactic acidosis were observed in the liver, indicating physiological changes in response to stress. Furthermore, restraint-induced stress significantly altered bioenergy components, with decreased superoxide dismutase activity and increased cytochrome C concentration, potentially indicating mitochondrial dysfunction and increased membrane permeability. The incorporation of a 2% solution of 2-oxoglutarate into the diet demonstrated a reduction in malonic dialdehyde and carbonylated protein formation, leading to more effective restoration of oxidative-reducing balance in the brain compared to the liver. Additionally, normalization of the lactate/pyruvate concentration ratio and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity, alongside elevated alanine aminotransferase levels, suggested a decrease in oxidative stress in the liver. Moreover, exogenous 2-oxoglutarate exhibited a positive effect on superoxide dismutase activity and cytochrome C concentration, indicating a reduction in oxidative tension in the liver and progressive mitochondrial function recovery. Based on these findings, exogenous 2-oxoglutarate emerges as a promising metabolitotrope and adaptogen for managing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function.
Presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and carbapenem resistance in ready-to-eat stuffed mussels in Istanbul
Authors: Suleymanoglu A.A. , Ozkan S. , Aydin A.
Published: August 2024

Foodborne pathogens' transmission is essential in the spread of antibiotic resistance, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli especially threatens public health. E. coli plays an essential role in the resistance to commonly used beta-lactam group antibiotics. Ready-to-eat (RTE) stuffed mussels are among many restaurants and street vendors, presenting potential health risks of food hygiene origin. 200 RTE stuffed mussels were collected from the Asian and European sides of Istanbul and analysed for the presence of E. coli. As a result of PCR analysis, E. coli was detected in 7 (3.5%) samples. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method to determine ESBL and carbapenem resistance. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin. The double-disk synergy test was performed as an ESBL phenotypic confirmation test, and no phenotypically ESBL-producing E. coli were detected. The blaTEM gene was detected in one isolate (14.2%) by mPCR, but blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaOXA genes were not observed. Meropenem and imipenem were used with the disk diffusion method for carbapenem resistance study, and no resistant isolate was found. Carbapenem resistance genes were investigated by monoplex PCR, and blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaVIM, and blaIMP resistance genes were not detected. This is the first report on ESBL-producing E. coli in RTE stuffed mussels in Türkiye, which draws attention to a public health risk.
Gender differences in the elastic properties of the arterial wall in patients with arterial hypertension during the age-related evolution
Authors: Yehorov Kostiantyn
Published: August 2024

Age-related changes in the elastic properties of the arterial wall in patients with arterial hypertension increase the risk of CV events. Additional CV risk factors in women lead to gender differences in vascular stiffness.
The aim: to determine changes in the elastic properties of the arterial wall in patients with hypertension depending on gender, with considering of the age-related changes.
Materials and methods: 258 patients with arterial hypertension stage II were examined: 132 women (55.56±7.69 years) and 126 men (51.75±8.42 years). By age, patients were divided into 5 subgroups (37–45, 45–49, 49–54, 54–58 and 58–69 years). The following were assessed: pulse wave velocity in the aorta (PWVao), central systolic blood pressure in the aorta (SBPao), central pulse blood pressure (cPBP), augmentation index in the aorta (Aix ao) and on the brachial artery (Aix br), PWV index (PWVind), amplification blood pressure (BPamp), pulse blood pressure index (C/B indPBP).
Results: In the absence of differences in peripheral hemodynamics in all groups, women aged 49-54 years had a magnification of the PWV by 2 m/s, and, in comparison with men, this difference was 1.65 m/s (p <0.05). Aix br and Aix ao were also superior to men in all groups, and in 49-54 years old, this difference was greatest and amounted to 39 % and 20 %, respectively. At this age, SBPao was also significantly raised in women, with a difference of 15 mmHg relative to men (p=0.038). In all age groups, women had negative values of the BPamp in contrast to men. In women, PWV correlated with the duration of hypertension (r=0.21; p<0.05), SBP (r=0.40), DBP (r=0.35), cPBP (r=0.43), in contrast to men, where PWVao was associated only with the heart rate (r=0.30).
Conclusion: In women with hypertension, changes in vascular wall stiffness occur earlier than in men with significant growth at 49–54 years. In women, the elastic properties of arteries are associated with the level of blood pressure and duration of the disease, and in men - with the level of the heart rate
Evaluation of the effect of airplanes on the environment on the example of Boeing 747 and Boeing 757
Authors: Makarenko Dmytro , Penziev Pavlo , Oskorbin Artem
Published: August 2024

The object of research is the impact of airplanes on the environment. Aviation is an area of our life that has been developing faster and faster every year for more than a century. Accordingly, aircraft have a negative impact on the surrounding natural environment, and therefore the assessment of their impact on nature and people is an important and integral component of research in the field of ecology and sustainable development. In particular, the airplanes produced by Boeing are among those that are most widely used in both passenger and cargo air transportation, so a study was conducted on their example.
In the study, calculation methods were used to estimate the load on the surrounding natural environment from the operation of Boeing 747 and Boeing 757 aircraft, based on the declared characteristics of emissions from the engines of these aircraft.
The study shows that every aircraft has a certain negative impact on the environment due to the emission of pollutants during all phases of flight. However, there are opportunities to minimize this impact by implementing more complete fuel combustion, replacing standard fuels such as aviation kerosene with more modern fuels, reducing the weight of the aircraft, which will lead to lower fuel consumption and, accordingly, lower emissions into the atmosphere. Also effective is the introduction of technologies to reduce the noise load from the operation of aircraft, such as the introduction of noise-protective coverings of runways, new materials for the production of aircraft engines, as well as changing the design of engines and the use of double-circuit scheme.
The work assessed the impact of aircraft on the environment and the effectiveness of environmental protection measures using the example of the operation of Boeing 747 and Boeing 757 aircraft, and developed proposals for the implementation of environmental protection and technical measures to reduce this impact.
Development of a Compact Phase Shifter for the Decimeter Wavelength Range
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Letavin D. A. , Al-Haidari H. H. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at miniaturizing a microstrip phase shifter with switched transmission lines. Two compact phase shifters have been obtained — one in which the classic section of the transmission line is replaced by a low-pass filter, and the second in which the power supply filters are made on SMD elements. When comparing the theoretical and experimental characteristics of phase shifters, a discrepancy has been discovered between them, which is associated with the difference in the dielectric constant of the substrates in the model and the prototype, as well as due to differences in the values of lumped elements and tolerances in the manufacture of prototypes.
DEVELOPMENT OF A UNIVERSAL CONSTANT SET IN THE KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR (KH-RT) BREAKUP MODEL FOR SPRAY SIMULATIONS OF VARIOUS FUELS
Authors: Zhang Yanzhi , Bian Ye , Zhang Zonghan , Liu Zihe , Jia Ming
Published: August 2024

The Kelvin-Helmholtz Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) breakup model has been extensively utilized in fuel spray simulations. In the KH-RT model, there are five important empirical model parameters, which need to be calibrated carefully for different fuels under various operating conditions. In this work, the global sensitivity analysis of the model constants in the KH-RT breakup model reveals that the model constant for switching the KH and RT mechanisms, Cb, is a dominant parameter affecting the simulation accuracy with the variation of fuel type. To determine the optimal Cb for gasoline spray, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program of spray simulation is coupled with an evolutionary genetic algorithm to obtain a quantitative relationship between Cb and ambient density (ρamb). Compared with diesel spray, Cb for gasoline spray is reduced owing to its lower density, viscosity, and surface tension, making it easier for gasoline spray to form smaller droplets after injection. Therefore, the influence of fuel properties should be considered when optimizing Cb. By elucidating the correlation between the physical properties of different fuels and their respective optimal Cb values, this formula is extended to encompass dimethyl ether (DME), biodiesel, and methanol in the present study. The validation results affirm that the enhanced Cb formula effectively reproduces the evolution of the spray for a variety of fuels, aligning well with experimental measurements.
Curcumin-carbon dots suppress periodontitis via regulating METTL3/IRE1Î± signaling
Authors: Li Ling , Wang Yueyan , Gao Lang , Wu Shunying , Jin Ying
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin-carbon dot conjugates (CUR-CD) on periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish periodontitis mode in vivo and in vitro. Histological analysis was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (OPN) expression was determined using immunohistochemistry. mRNA levels were detected using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Protein expression was determined using Western blot. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) enrichment was determined using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) assay. Cytokine release was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. Osteogenic differentiation was detected using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. The results showed that CUR-CD inhibited the inflammatory response, as well as promoted bone healing in vivo and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Moreover, CUR-CD downregulated methyltransferase 3 (METTL3), which inhibited m6A modification of endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 (IRElα) and downregulated IRElα expression. However, overexpression of IRElα reversed the effects of CUR-CD, stimulating inflammatory response and inhibiting bone healing and osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, CUR-CD inhibits the progression of periodontitis via downregulating IRElα. Therefore, CUR-CD may be an alternative strategy for periodontitis.
Relação entre perfis de burnout, sentido de vida e autocompaixão em docentes
Authors: Santos de Almeida Emile , David Andrade Santos Karine , Pereira da Silva Joilson
Published: August 2024

O contexto da Educação Básica é repleto de adversidades e pode colocar o docente em um estado adoecido, sem um sentido existencial e sem compassividade consigo próprio. O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar o poder de predição do sentido de vida e autocompaixão, em cada perfil da síndrome de Burnout. Os participantes foram 184 professores da rede estadual de Sergipe. O estudo é de cunho tranversal e quantitativo, por meio da aplicação dos seguintes instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Escala de Autocompaixão, Questionário de Sentido de Vida e Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire.  O JASP (Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistics Program), versão 0.17.1, foi utilizado, adotando o método bootstrapping, para as análises descritivas e regressões lineares múltiplas conduzidas. Os resultados apontaram que existe um poder explicativo da autocompaixão, com baixo tamanho de efeito, sobre todos os subtipos de burnout. A presença de sentido de vida mostrou-se significativamente negativa no desgastado; por outro lado, a busca de sentido apresentou-se significativamente positiva no subdesafiado. Conclui-se, então, que a presença da autocompaixão e sentido de vida preveem, com pouca relevância, a ausência de burnout em docentes. No entanto, estudos longitudinais, populacionais e experimentais são necessários para determinar com solidez a relação direcional entre outros fatores.
Comunidades indígenas em diálogos interculturais com a psicologia comunitária e a educação
Authors: Silveira Souza Fátima Rosane , Graeff Wernz Maria Cristina
Published: August 2024

Este ensaio tem como objetivo apresentar uma breve discussão teórica sobre os diálogos interculturais realizados entre as comunidades indígenas a Psicologia Comunitária e a Educação. Apresenta reflexões a partir de estudos e diálogos estabelecidos entre comunidades indígenas e pesquisadores da educação (não indígenas) que dialogam também com a Psicologia Comunitária. Após os alinhamentos epistemológicos, e estabelecida a condição de comunidade indígena, os fundamentos da Psicologia Comunitária (Góis, 2005; 2012) podem orientar a pesquisa em educação e, desta forma, contribuir para a produção de diálogos interculturais. A metodologia Vafy, proposta neste estudo, foi desenvolvida a partir dos processos de produção do artesanato kaingang (Moura & Wernz, 2022). Agrega-se, ainda, o círculo da cultura (Brandão, 1981). Ambos contribuem para orientar as pesquisas e nos levam a compreender a importância dos encontros interculturais, da horizontalidade das relações com as comunidades indígenas, do respeito à autonomia dos povos indígenas e aos saberes ancestrais, à construção conjunta de saberes e de aprendizagens; são elementos que fortalecem a alteridade e os processos de humanização
Détection Directe du poliovirus par Séquencage Nanopore (DDNS) - Selle v1
Authors: Shaw Alex , Troman Catherine , Akello Joyce , Bujaki Erika , Majumdar Manasi , Fitz Shannon , Bellekom Ben , OToole Aine , not provided c.ansley , not provided rachel.colquhoun , not provided arshady , not provided khurshida , not provided alammu , Rambaut Andrew , Martin Javier , Grassly Nick
Published: August 2024

Ce protocole est une mise à jour du protocole décrit dans l'article "Rapid and sensitive direct detection and identification of poliovirus from stool and environmental surveillance samples using nanopore sequencing" par Shaw et al dans le Journal of Clinical Microbiology (2020), DOI : 10.1128/JCM.00920-20 et est généralement connu sous le nom de Direct Detection of Poliovirus by Nanopore Sequencing (DDNS).Le protocole vise à amplifier la région VP1 du poliovirus par une PCR semi-nichée utilisant une amorce pan-Enterovirus et des amorces spécifiques à la polio, suivie par l'amplification de la région VP1 à l'aide d'un ensemble d'amorces spécifiques pour le polio. Nous utilisons des amorces à code-barres, ce qui simplifie beaucoup le processus ultérieur de préparation de la bibliothèque.Ce protocole est destiné à être utilisé avec les réactifs de séquençage par ligature chimique du kit 14 d'Oxford Nanopore et peut être utilisé avec le séquenceur MinION Mk1B ou GridION.Dans les étapes du protocole, des contrôles de qualité sont inclus et suivent le flux de travail défini dans le document "Quality Control and Data Recording for DDNS" (Contrôle de qualité et enregistrement des données pour le DDNS). English Title: Direct Detection of poliovirus and Nanopore Sequencing (DDNS) - Stool V.4 Abstract: This protocol is an update from the protocol described in the paper "Rapid and sensitive direct detection and identification of poliovirus from stool and environmental surveillance samples using nanopore sequencing" by Shaw et al in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology (2020), DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00920-20 and is commonly known as Direct Detection of Poliovirus by Nanopore Sequencing (DDNS). The protocol aims to amplify the VP1 region of poliovirus through a semi-nested PCR using a pan-Enterovirus primer and polio specific primers followed by amplification of the VP1 region using a polio specific primer set. We use barcoded primers as this greatly simplifies the subsequent library preparation process. This protocol is for use with Oxford Nanopore kit14 chemistry ligation sequencing reagents and can be used with the MinION Mk1B or GridION sequencer. Within the protocol steps, quality control checks are included and follow the workflow set out in the document "Quality Control and Data Recording for DDNS".
Study the effects of TiB2 reinforcement on the AA-2014 matrix fabricated by friction stir processing
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIMT University, Meerut, India, Kumar Jitendra , Sharma Vipin Kumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIMT University, Meerut, India, Singh Ajay Partap ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIMT University, Meerut, India
Published: August 2024

This study explores the impact of TiB2 nanoparticles on the microstructure, microhardness, and tensile properties of AA-2014 surface composite manufactured through Friction Stir Processing (FSP). A series of experiments were conducted with varying FSP parameters, and the findings were compared with the base metal. Microstructure studies revealed optimal bonding between TiB2 and the AA-2014 substrate at 1200 rpm, surpassing results from 900 and 1600 rpm. However, microstructural analysis unveiled agglomeration of particles and void formation on the composite surface. Microhardness values indicated a substantial increase from 88 HV (AA-2014) to 138 HV (AA-2014/3%TiB2 @1200rpm), attributed to the presence of TiB2 nanoparticles and FSP-induced modifications. Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) values exhibited a noteworthy improvement from 290 MPa (AA-2014) to 465 MPa (AA-2014/3%TiB2 @1200rpm), emphasizing the positive influence of uniform TiB2 dispersion achieved during FSP. The study underscores the effectiveness of TiB2 reinforcement and FSP in enhancing the mechanical properties of AA-2014 surface composite, despite observed microstructural features.