bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysfunctional Endogenous Analgesia During
Exercise in Patients with Chronic Pain: To
Exercise or Not to Exercise?
Authors: Nijs Jo
Published: March 2021

Background: Exercise is an effective treatment for various chronic pain disorders, including
fibromyalgia, chronic neck pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic low back pain.
Although the clinical benefits of exercise therapy in these populations are well established (i.e.
evidence based), it is currently unclear whether exercise has positive effects on the processes
involved in chronic pain (e.g. central pain modulation).
Objectives: Reviewing the available evidence addressing the effects of exercise on central pain
modulation in patients with chronic pain.
Methods: Narrative review.
Results: Exercise activates endogenous analgesia in healthy individuals. The increased pain
threshold following exercise is due to the release of endogenous opioids and activation of
(supra)spinal nociceptive inhibitory mechanisms orchestrated by the brain. Exercise triggers the
release of β-endorphins from the pituitary (peripherally) and the hypothalamus (centrally), which
in turn enables analgesic effects by activating µ-opioid receptors peripherally and centrally,
respectively. The hypothalamus, through its projections on the periaqueductal grey, has the
capacity to activate descending nociceptive inhibitory mechanisms.
However, several groups have shown dysfunctioning of endogenous analgesia in response to
exercise in patients with chronic pain. Muscle contractions activate generalized endogenous
analgesia in healthy, pain-free humans and patients with either osteoarthritis or rheumatoid
arthritis, but result in increased generalised pain sensitivity in fibromyalgia patients. In patients
having local muscular pain (e.g. shoulder myalgia), exercising non-painful muscles activates
generalized endogenous analgesia. However, exercising painful muscles does not change pain
sensitivity either in the exercising muscle or at distant locations.
Limitations: The reviewed studies examined acute effects of exercise rather than long-term
effects of exercise therapy.
Conclusions: A dysfunctional response of patients with chronic pain and aberrations in
central pain modulation to exercise has been shown, indicating that exercise therapy should be
individually tailored with emphasis on prevention of symptom flares. The paper discusses the
translation of these findings to rehabilitation practice together with future research avenues.
Key words: Whiplash, fibromyalgia, chronic pain, low back pain, exercise, rehabilitation,
chronic fatigue syndrome, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, sensitization, shoulder
Accountable Interventional Pain Management:
A Collaboration Among Practitioners, Patients,
Payers, and Government
Authors: Manchikanti Laxmaiah
Published: March 2021

The prevalence, costs, and disability associated with chronic pain continue to escalate.
So too, the numerous modalities of treatments applied in managing these patients
continue to increase as well. In the period from 2000 to 2011 interventional techniques
increased 228%. In addition, analysis of utilization trends and expenditures for spinal
interventional techniques alone from 2000 to 2008 illustrated an increase in Medicare
fee-for-service expenditures of 240% in terms of dollars spent in the United States. The
Office of Inspector General (OIG) of the Department of Health and Human Services
showed an increase in facet joint and transforaminal epidural injections, with a
significant proportion of these services did not meet the medical necessity criteria.
The increasing utilization of interventional techniques is also associated with significant
variations among specialty groups and regional variations among states. Overall
procedures have increased by 173%, with rate of 130% per 100,000 Medicare
beneficiaries for epidural injections; 383%, with a rate of 308% for facet joint
interventions; and overall 410%, or a rate of 331% for sacroiliac joint interventions.
Certain high volume interventions such as lumbar transforaminal epidural injections
and lumbar facet joint neurolysis have actually increased a staggering 806% and 662%.
Coverage policies across ambulatory settings and by multiple payers are highly
variable. Apart from variability in the development of coverage policies, payments also
substantially vary by site of service. In general, amongst the various ambulatory settings
the highest payments are made to hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs) the lowest
to in-office procedures, and payment to ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) falling
somewhere in the middle.
This manuscript describes the many differences that exist between the various settings,
and includes suggestions for accountable interventional pain management with
coverage for techniques with evidence, addressing excessive use of specific techniques,
and equalizing payments across multiple ambulatory settings.
Key words: Accountable interventional pain management, Medicare, Medicare
Evidence Development & Coverage Advisory Committee, epidural injections, facet joint
interventions, sacroiliac joint injections, payment policies
Prevalence of Pain Among Nonmedical
Prescription Opioid Users in Substance Use
Treatment Populations: Systematic Review and
Meta-analyses
Authors: Fischer Benedikt
Published: March 2021

Background: Prescription opioid analgesics (POA) are widely used in the
pharmacotherapeutic treatment of acute and chronic pain in North America, where
nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) has become a substantial public health concern
in recent years. Existing epidemiological data suggest an association between NMPOU
and pain problem symptoms in different populations, including samples in substance use
treatment, although the extent of these correlations has not been systematically assessed.
Objective: To systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of pain symptoms or
problems among populations reporting NMPOU in substance use treatment.
Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analyses.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted for pain symptoms in
substance use treatment samples reporting NMPOU within the last 30 days or at admission
to treatment. Overall, 8 unique epidemiological studies were identified and included in the
meta-analyses; in 7 of these samples POAs were the primary drug and/or POA dependence
was reported.
Results: The pooled prevalence of pain in all NMPOU samples in substance use treatment was
58% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53%–64%). The pooled prevalence of pain in the studies
with POAs as the primary drug and/or POA dependence was 60% (95% CI: 52%–67%), and
the prevalence of pain with “any” POA abuse (n = 2 studies) was 50% (95% CI: 40%–60%).
Limitations: A small number of studies were available and included in the review; these
were restricted to cross-sectional datasets only. Statistical heterogeneity was found in the metaanalytical results.
Conclusions: Pain symptoms are disproportionately elevated in substance use treatment
samples reporting NMPOU. Effective measures to prevent and treat NMPOU are urgently
needed, although a substantive extent of NMPOU observed in this specific context may relate
directly or indirectly to the presence of pain, e.g., either as an expression of ineffective pain care
or as a consequence of previous POA-based interventions. At the same time, effective ways to
treat and address ongoing pain issues in NMPOU samples need to be implemented, which may
require ongoing opioid-based pharmacotherapeutic care aimed at both pain and dependence.
Key words: Prescription opioids, nonmedical use, dependence, pain, comorbidity, substance
use treatment, prevention, systematic review, meta-analyses.
Fluoroscopy Procedure and Equipment Changes
to Reduce Staff Radiation Exposure in the
Interventional Spine Suite
Authors: Appsamy Malathy
Published: March 2021

Background: Fluoroscopic guided percutaneous interventional spine procedures are increasingly
performed in recent years as they have been shown to be target specific and enhance patient
safety. However, ionizing radiation has been associated with stochastic effects such as cancer
and genetic defects as well as deterministic effects such as cataracts, erythema, epilation, and
even death. These are dose related, and hence, measures should be taken to minimize radiation
exposure to patients and health care personnel to reduce these adverse effects.
Objective: A risk reduction project was completed with the goal of reducing effective doses to
the staff and patients in a university-based spinal interventional practice. Effective dose reduction
to the staff and patients was hypothesized to occur with technique and equipment changes in
the procedure suite. The goal of this study was to quantify effective dose rates to staff before and
after interventions.
Study Design: Retrospective study comparing descriptive data of effective dose to the health
care staff before and after implementation of a combination of technique and equipment changes.
Methods: Technique changes from pre to post intervention period included continuous needle
advancement under continuous fluoroscopic controlled by the interventional physician to
intermittent needle advancement under pulsed fluoroscopic controlled by the radiology technician.
Equipment changes included circumferential lead drape skirt around the procedure table and use
of mobile transparent lead barriers on both sides of the procedure table.
Effective dose exposure measured in Millirem (mrem) from the radiation dosimetry badges for
pre-intervention (February 2009 through June 2009) and post-intervention (November 2009
through March 2010) periods were examined through monthly radiation dosimetry reports for the
fluoroscopy suite staff.
Results: A total of 685 interventional procedures were performed in the pre-intervention period
and 385 in the post-intervention period. The median cumulative mrem (interquartile range) for all
staff combined in the pre-intervention period was 71 (28,75) and post-intervention period was 1
(0,3). The median mrem per procedure was significantly higher in the pre-intervention group 0.46
(0.36, 0.54) compared to post-intervention 0.01 (0.0.03); P < 0.01. The percentage reduction in
overall effective dose per procedure to all staff was 97.3%.
Limitations: Observational study, multiple radiation reduction interventions confound the
individual effects of each intervention’s effective dose
Conclusions: Spinal injection technique and equipment changes in the procedure suite
significantly reduced the rate of effective dose to the clinical staff.
Key words: Fluoroscopy, effective radiation dose, spine
Pudendal Entrapment Neuropathy: A Rare
Complication of Pelvic Radiation Therapy
Authors: Elahi Foad
Published: March 2021

Pudendal nerve entrapment (PNE) is an uncommon cause of chronic pain. Pudendal nerve
entrapment typically occurs when the pudendal nerve is fused to nearby anatomical
structures or trapped between the sacrotuberous and sacrospinalis ligaments. Pudendal nerve
entrapment can be caused by excessive bicycling, pregnancy, anatomic abnormalities, scarring
due to surgery, or as a sequela of radiation therapy. Radiation-induced peripheral neuropathy
is usually chronic, progressive, and often irreversible. Radiation-induced pudendal neuropathy
is much less common than the more familiar brachial plexopathy secondary to radiation
treatment for breast cancer. The prevalence of PNE, however, is increasing due to improved
long-term cancer survival.
Diagnosis of pudendal neuralgia is essentially clinical; no specific clinical signs or complementary
tests are reliably confirmatory.
A detailed pain history with correlative clinical examination is paramount for accurate diagnosis.
Performance of a pudendal nerve block can serve as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.
Utilization of various imaging studies, as well as the performance of an electrophysiological
study with pudendal nerve motor latency testing, may yield valuable evidence in support of a
pudendal neuralgia diagnosis.
We present the case of a 59-year-old man with stage IV prostate cancer, referred to the pain
clinic for chronic perineal and right sided pelvic pain. His pain began insidiously, approximately
2 months after undergoing radiation treatment and chemotherapy 3 years prior. He was
ultimately diagnosed as having a right sided pudendal entrapment neuropathy. His pain
was refractory to all conventional treatment modalities; therefore we decided to pursue
neuromodulation via a dorsal column spinal cord stimulator implant. Below, we describe the
decision making process for the diagnosis and treatment of his pudendal neuropathy.
Key words: Pudendal nerve entrapment, neuralgia, neuromodulation, spinal cord stimulation.
THE RAMIFICATION PATTERN OF PORTAL VEIN IN LEFT LOBE OF HUMAN
LIVER STUDIED BY CORROSION CAST METHOD.
Authors: Rajput Ajay Singh , Singh Heena , Mishra Gyan Prakash , kumari Sangeeta
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to know the intrahepatic ramication pattern of portal vein in left lobe of liver & its variations.
METHODS: 25 human fresh livers were obtained after autopsy and studied by corrosion cast method. Polymeric granules of butyl butyrate were
dissolved in acetone and 20% homogenous solution was made. Solution was injected into portal vein and the injected liver was placed in 10 %
formal saline for 24 hours at room temperature (20°C) for polymerization of infused butyl butyrate solution. Maceration of liver tissue achieved by
whole-organ immersion in 1.8 N KOH solution at 68°C for 24 hrs. Each cast thus obtained was preserved in glycerin and details were studied.
RESULTS: The length of the transverse part of Left portal vein (LPV) varies from 1.5 -3.7 cm (2.6 cm) while the length of umbilical part of LPV
varied from 0.5 – 1.5 cm. (1.1cm.) and total length of LPV varies from 2.0 cm.-4.8cm.(3.7cm). Ramication of Left Portal Vein was described on
the basis of its umbilical part. Two type of pattern observed Type I (Umbilical Part Turned Inferiorly) 60 % cases & Type II (Umbilical Part Turned
Superiorly). For segment II - Cranio- lateral (CAL) branch originated from the convexity of the curved portion of the umbilical part 84 % cases
while in 16 % it has originated from the transverse part of the LPV. Segment III- Caudo- lateral branch (CRL) originated from the convexity of the
curved portion of the umbilical part of LPV in all the cases. Segment IV- From the concavity, Inferio – medial branch ran downward & medially
while superior- medial branch ran superiorly & medially to supply the lower & upper part of segment IV respectively. The both superio- medial &
inferio-medial branches were present in 13 of 25 cases (52 %), while only superior -medial branches were present in 16 of 25 cases (64 %) cases &
only inferio-medial 21 of 25 cases (84%) in cases. In 5 of 25 cases (20 %), a common trunk has originated from the concavity of curved portion of
the umbilical part then it divided in to superior-medial & inferio-medial branches to supply the segment IV. The number of portal branches to the
caudate lobe (segment I) varied from 1 to 4 branches: most commonly from LPV (52 %), then portal vein (16%) & then right portal vein12%
cases. At least one of these branches was always originated from LPV (100%). The number of the branches to supply the caudate lode was 2 as it
observed in 56 %, while 3 braches in 16 % cases & 4 branches were present in only 8% of the cases. The ndings of present CONCLUSIONS:
study on hepatic vasculature have immense importance in the eld of hepato-biliary surgeries.
Two dimensional graphene oxide films for enhanced optical nonlinear performance in CMOS compatible integrated devices
Authors: Moss David
Published: March 2021

We integrate GO films with
silicon-on-insulator nanowires (SOI), high index doped silica glass (Hydex) and
silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides and ring resonators, to demonstrate an
enhanced optical nonlinearity including Kerr nonlinearity
and four-wave mixing (FWM).
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru dalam Menerapkan Pembelajaran Tematik Melalui Teknik Supervisi Individual
Authors: Katarina Tampubolon
Published: March 2021

Dalam proses pembelajaran tematik, aspek siswa harus sebagai perhatian utama, kegiatan belajar tidak lagi berpusat pada guru (teacher centre) & guru wajib menyajikan pembelajaran menggunakan banyak metode, supaya pembelajaran dapat berlangsung menggunakan efektif dan berguna bagi siswa, maka metode yang dipilih wajib dapat membuatkan kreatifitas mereka sesuai dengan perkembangan dan kebutuhan peserta didik. Apabila dikaitkan dengan tingkat perkembangan anak, pembelajaran terpadu adalah pendekatan pembelajaran yang memerhatikan dan menyesuaikan anugerah konsep sesuai dengan taraf perkembangan anak. Oleh karenanya, ketua sekolah hendak menaikkan kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan pembelajaran tematik melalui teknik supervisi individual. Supervisi pada global pendidikan sangatlah penting. Hasil refleksi siklus I merupakan hasil pembelajaran tematik dalam daur I homogen-homogen 42,83 (B) Guru yg mendapatkan nilai C 2 orang yang menerima nilai B tiga orang dan yang mendapatkan nilai A 1 orang. Kegiatan pelaksanaan pembelajaran melalui peer teaching menampakan meningkat dibanding output kondisi awal yang rata-ratanya 37,16 (C) peningkatannya 13,23% namun masih ada guru yg mendapat nilai cukup 2 orang maka perlu adanya tindakan siklus II. Hasil refleksi siklus II merupakan berdasarkan data output pembelajaran tematik pada siklus II homogen-homogen 63 (A) Guru yang menerima nilai B 2 orang dan yang menerima nilai A 4 orang. Kegiatan aplikasi pembelajaran melalui aktivitas supervisi individual lebih meningkatkan kemampuan guru pada menerapkan pembelajaran tematik. Siklus II ini menunjukkan meningkat dibanding hasil siklus I (B) peningkatannya 32,01% dan sudah NIR terdapat guru yang mendapatkan nilai C. Maka NIR perlu dilaksanakan siklus III karena sudah terbukti peningkatan kemampuan guru pada menerapkan pembelajaran tematiknya.
Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning Pada Materi Segitiga
Authors: Ratuanik Mesak , Lamers Paulina
Published: March 2021

Tujuan pada penelitian ini buat mengenali kemampuan pemecahan permasalahan pada materi segitiga memakai model. PBL buat mahasiswa baru Prodi Pendidikan Matematika. Penelitian dilaksanakan di STKIP Saumlaki pada bulan Juli 2020. Dengan memakai jenis penelitian kualitatif. Prosedur pengumpulan informasi yakni gambar, tes dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari. Mereduksi data, pengajian data dan juga penarikan kesimpulan. Langkah - langkah pemecahan permasalahan yang dipakai buat model PBL ialah orientasi mahasiswa baru kepada permasalahan ialah pengamat mengujarkan tujuan pembelajaran, menarangkan materi yang diperlukan, mahasiswa ikut serta pada kegiatan pemecahan permasalahan yang diseleksi, mengorganisasi mahasiswa baru buat belajar ialah peneliti membimbing mahasiswa baru mendefenisikan serta mengorganisasikan tugas belajar yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan tersebut, membimbing penyelidikan individual ataupun kelompok ialah peneliti mengarahkan mahasiswa baru buat mengumpulkan data yang cocok, melakukan eksperimen buat memperoleh uraian serta pemecahan permasalahan, meningkatkan serta menciptakan hasil karya ialah merancang serta mempersiapkan karya yang cocok serta di presentasikan di depan kelas serta menganalisis serta mengevaluai proses pemecahan permasalahan ialah peneliti menolong mahasiswa baru melaksanakan refleks maupun penilaian. Akibat diterapkannya model PBL terhadap kemampuan pemecahan permasalahan mahasiswa baru pada materi segitiga (luas serta keliling) ialah bisa membuat mahasiswa sangat bersemangat serta bisa memecakan permasalahan menggunakan langkah - langkah pemecahan permasalahan.
Implementasi Quantum Teaching Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Ainul Yaqin Mokhammad
Published: March 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Penerapan quantum teaching dalam pembelajaran PAI. Sedangkan metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil dalam penelitian ini telah ditemukan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran melalui quantum teaching ini,  dapat diterapkan 8 kunci keunggulan yang terdapat pada pembelajaran quantum teaching, 8 kunci itu menyediakan cara yang bermanfaat untuk mendapatkan keselarasan dan kerja sama. 8 kunci itu memasang kerangka kerja bagi lingkungan yang saling mendukung dan mempercayai dimana setiap peserta didik dihargai dan dihormati. Sehingga belajar bisa berlangsung tanpa adanya sebuah ancaman. 8 kunci keunggulan itu adalah: Integritas (kejujuran), kegagalan awal kesuksesan, berbicaralah dengan niat baik, hidup disaat ini, komitmen, tanggung jawab, sikap luwes (fleksibel), keseimbangan.
O trabalho de pesquisadoras durante a Pandemia da COVID-19: Relatos e Reflexões de Práticas Possíveis
Authors: Serrati Camila Silva Marques , Fernandes Kamila Carleto
Published: March 2021

Resumo: Vivemos a mais impactante pandemia da história mundial, causada pelo novo coronavírus, Sars-CoV-2. Diante da necessidade de isolamento social e do conjunto de estratégias e ações voltadas para o controle e informação acerca da pandemia que leva a COVID-19, surge a proposta deste relato de experiência. Objetivamos, contar como tem funcionado nesse contexto, os encontros de grupos de trabalho, reuniões com orientadoras, entrevistas, o processo de produção acadêmica e grupos de estudos, além de outras práticas. Entendemos o quanto a tecnologia tem sido necessária e potente na manutenção de nossos trabalhos e pesquisas, e acreditamos em uma prática inclusiva que abarque realidades na/para além da Universidade. Acreditamos que esses espaços e plataformas devem compor nossas práticas de forma suplementar, ou seja, como suporte ou acréscimo ao trabalho e por isso não acreditamos que essas condições devam se manter posteriormente a pandemia.
THE REPRESENTATIVE ISSUES IN FAMILY AND LEGAL RELATIONS UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Jumagul Anvarovna Dadaboeva
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the issues of representation in family law relations under the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the help of scientific literature and normative legal acts. The study also highlights the implementation of a number of social, economic and legal reforms in Uzbekistan aimed at further strengthening the family and creating a system of consistent legal regulation of family relations
KEY WORDS: Republic of Uzbekistan, legislation, legal reform, family law, representation, law, family law.
Membangun Karakter Anak Melalui Teater
Authors: Precilia Monita , N Sahrul , Juned Sulaiman
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Research title is"Building of Character Children Through Theater". This research use qualitative methode with descriptive analysis. The theater performance “Run to the Moon” and the “Children's Tale” is the result of observation and the director's anger toward the children in Kampung Purus (which is usually called Kampung Puruih). Children are busy with social media so there is a lack of interaction between people. The theater performance Run to the Moon and the Children's Tale is a reality that is packed into a stage event and directly involving the children as the performer. The theater performance Run to the Moon Children’s Tale can be use to build children's character, because the message of tale invite children to interact with others, diligent study and good behavior and polite. This study aims to explore the character building of children with theater performance Run to the Moon and Children's Tale using the method of Sociology of Art and Psychotherapy.

Keywords : Character, Theater, and Child

Abstrak

Penelitian berjudul “Membangun Karakter Anak Melalui Teater” ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif berbentuk diskriptif analisis.Pertunjukan teater Lari ke Bulan dan Dongeng Anak merupakan hasil observasi dan keresahan sutradara terhadap anak-anak di Kampung Purus (yang biasanya disebut Kampung Puruih). Anak-anak sibuk dengan media sosial sehingga kurangnya interaksi antarsesama.Pertunjukan teater Larike Bulan dan Dongeng Anak adalah sebuah kenyataan yang dikemas menjadi sebuah peristiwa panggung dengan melibatkan langsung anak-anak sebagai pelakunya. Pertunjukan teater Lari ke Bulan dan Dongeng Anak dapat dijadikan sebagai media membangun karakter anak-anak, karena pesan yang disampaikan mengajak anak-anak untuk berinteraksi dengan sesama, rajin belajar serta bertingkah laku yang baik dan sopan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengupas membangun karakter anak dengan pertunjukan teater Lari ke Bulan dan Dongeng Anak menggunakan metode Sosiologi Seni dan Psikoterapi.
Kata kunci : Karakter, Teater, dan Anak
Perancangan Kampanye Cara Pintar dalam Berhemat Listrik Prabayar
Authors: Setyo Sutikno Try , Iswandi Heri , Yulius Yosef
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Government innovation by presenting prepaid electricity services or better known as "smart electricity" with the aim of improving service to the community. PLN introduces prepaid electricity services that can regulate and check electricity usage alone, but some people are reluctant to use prepaid electricity because it is considered more wasteful and more expensive than electricity with a postpaid payment system.The design of the Smart Way to Save Electricity Prepaid Campaign aims to invite the community and change the negative stigma that exists in the community about prepaid electricity itself. The results of this design turned out that when the design of this campaign was exhibited to the public, not a few people responded, even many of them only knew using or consuming it, without thinking about savings. From these results it can be concluded that the campaign and socialization of energy savings were very important and responded positively by the community.

Keywords : Campaign, Savings, Prepaid Electricity

Abstrak

Inovasi Pemerintah dengan menghadirkan pelayanan listrik prabayar atau yang lebih dikenal dengan “listrik pintar” dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. PLN memperkenalkan layanan listrik prabayar yang bisa mengatur sekaligus mengecek pemakaian listrik sendiri, namun sebagian orang enggan menggunakan listrik prabayar karena dianggap lebih boros dan lebih mahal dibandingkan listrik dengan sistem pembayaran pascabayar.Perancangan Kampanye Cara Pintar dalam Berhemat Listrik Prabayar ini bertujuan untuk mengajak masyarakat serta mengubah stigma negatif yang ada di masyarakat tentang listrik prabayar itu sendiri. Hasil dari perancangan ini ternyata saat perancangan kampanye ini dipamerkan ke publik, tidak sedikit masyarakat yang merespon, bahkan banyak diantaranya yang hanya tau menggunakan atau mengkonsumsi saja, tanpa memikirkan penghematan. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kampanye serta sosialisasi tentang penghematan energi ternyata sangat penting dan direspon positif oleh masyarakat.
Kata kunci : Kampanye, Hemat, Listrik Prabayar
Polish national character in the context of state defence
Authors: Komorowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

Objective: Demonstration and analysis of the impact of the human factor on the effectiveness of the state defence system.

Material and Methods
Literature research and critical analysis

Results
The research demonstrates that the human factor is the most important component of the state defence potential. This thesis is corroborated by examples from the history of Poland, and supported with philosophical, ethical and ethnographic considerations. Based on the examination of the selected research group consisting of Polish soldiers, qualities important for Poles, such as honour, righteousness and patriotism, which are at the foundation of the national character of a soldier, have been identified. On the other hand, the article also takes into account negative stereotypes and opinions presented in the literature regarding the national character of the Polish soldier.

Conclusions
The conducted research and analysis prove the unquestionable domination of the human factor in state defence and military systems. It has been shown that, apart from the demographic potential and mobilisation capabilities, an important aspect of the human factor for defence is the national character and the morale of the army, which should be prioritised over material aspects. Honour, both in the axiological dimension of the sense of pride, dignity, nobility, and diligence, as well as in the sense of an ethical virtue in people's mentality and the morale of soldiers, shapes consciously determined attitudes and behaviours.
Exploring the Effects of Human Resource Development to Reduce Turnover Intention and Turnover in Public Sector: Comparative Case Study of Korea, Ethiopia, and Rwanda
Authors: Bimenyimana Pierre Celestin , Abay Ayele Halefom , Lee Healyim
Published: March 2021

One of the worldwide important research issues and practical challenges in the public sector is to decrease turnover intention or turnover rate, thereby increasing government overall efficiency and effectiveness. With the world continually changing in this way, it is necessary to invest and educate its members in terms of "human capital" rather than "human resources” so as to survive and flourish. This study explores the effects of human resource development (HRD) to reduce turnover intention and turnover in the public sector. It predicts that HRD consists of enhancing and facilitating the development of capabilities and potentials of individuals, organizations, and communities. The data of the study was collected from 10 respondents working at the Ministerial level in Ethiopia, Korea and Rwanda through in-person, phone and email interviews. Based on literature, we developed a research model, case study research design and qualitative approach was employed in this paper. The results found that there is no direct impact of HRD in reducing turnover intention and turnover however HRD can affect negatively as well as positively employee turnover intentions indirectly. The study suggests that there are should be good HRD Programs for enhancing and facilitating the development of capabilities and potentials of individuals, organizations, and communities.
Efektivitas Obat Kumur Povidone Iodine ntuk Meminimalisir Viral Load dan Transmisi Covid-19 melalui Droplet
Authors: Juniar Deva
Published: March 2021

WHO telah menyatakan COVID-19 sebagai pandemi global. Hingga saat ini jumlah kasus yang terkonfirmasi positif di Indonesia sebanyak 1.051.795 kasus dengan jumlah kematian sebesar 29.518 jiwa. Salah satu obat kumur antimikroba spektrum luas yang paling banyak tersedia untuk mengurangi patogen adalah obat kumur povidone iodin (PVP-I). PVP-I diketahui memiliki aktivitas mikrobisidal yang kuat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas obat kumur PVP-I untuk meminimalisir viral load dan trnsmisi COVID-19 melalui droplet. Artikel ini disusun dengan mencari sumber literatur menggunakan database NCBI, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate dan Science Direct, didapatkan sebanyak 39 artikel yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2015 hingga 2021 menggunakan kata kunci yang berkaitan dengan judul yaitu PVP-I, obat kumur povidone iodine, COVID-19. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan focus pembahasannya mengenai efektivitas obat kumur PVP-I dalam meminimalisir viral load dan transmisi COVID-19 melalui droplet, penulis menggunakan 22 artikel sebagai referensi utama.  Penggunaan PVP-I sebagai obat kumur direkomendasikan untuk mengurangi viral load di rongga mulut, naso-oropharynx dan dengan demikian untuk mencegah infeksi sistemik serta mempercepat pemulihan pasien COVID-19. Mekanisme kerja obat kumur povidone iodine yakni oksidasi asam amino dan asam nukleat mikroorganisme sehingga menyebabkan gangguan metabolism dan destabilisasi membran sel. Pelepasan yodium bebas dari larutan PVP-I yang kemungkinan menyerang protein permukaan virus yang terbungkus envelope dan menghancurkan membrane fosfolipid dengan bereaksi dengan ikatan karbon tak jenuh. Efek virusidal pada obat kumur povidone iodine konsentrasi encer tidak menunjukkan bukti toksisitas pada silia pernapasan ataupun kerusakan mukosa.
Terapi pada Demam Tifoid Tanpa Komplikasi
Authors: Saputra Dicky Ardian
Published: March 2021

Demam tifoid merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi pada sistemik atau demam enterik yang diakibatkan oleh bakteri Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S. typhi) . Pada perjalanan awal penyakit ini, biasanya tidak pasien tidak merasakan gejala dan keluhan, setelah ituakan  timbul gejala yang khas seperti demam di sore hari dan serangkaian gejala infeksi umum yang akan dirasakan pasien pada saluran cerna. Tujuan dilakukannya literature review ini adalah untuk membahas tatalaksana yang tepat pada kasus demam tifoid tanpa komplikasi. Sumber referensi yang digunakan untuk menyusun tulisan ini meliputi 20 artikel yang didapat dengan melakukan literature searching di Sumber NCBI dan google schoolar yang dipublikasikan dalam rentang tahun 2000-2020. Literature sarching tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan kata kunci demam tifoid, tanpa komplikasi, terapi dan juga filter berupa rentang publikasi tahun 2000-2020. Hasil yang ditemukan dari literature searching ini adalah 5,420 artikel yang kemudian dipilih 20 artikel berdasarkan informasi yang dibutuhkan. Referensi yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan metode systematic literature review yang mencakup kegiatan mengumpulkan, mengevaluasi, dan mengembangkan penelitian dengan topik tertentu secara sistematis. Hasil literature review ini berupa Terapi pada demam tifoid tanpa komplikasi adalah berupa pemberian antibiotik tiamfenikol, kloramfenikol, atau ampisilin/amoksisilin, Sefalosporin generasi III, fluorokuinolon, azitromisin serta terapi suportif seperti pemeberian cairan dan juga bed rest.
Analisis Cost-Volume-Profit untuk Perencanaan Laba pada UD. Budi Luhur Demak
Authors: Kartika Erawati , Sunarka Puji Setya
Published: March 2021

Profit is one indicator in evaluating the performance of a company. To achieve the required profit, good profit planning is needed. Because with the existence of better profit planning, the company in controlling costs will be more directed. Cost-volume-profit analysis (cost-volume-profit) is a very necessary compilation of companies wanting to do profit planning and decision making related to the relationship between costs, sales volume and prices. The purpose of this study was to study how cost-volume-profit in 2015-2016 can be used for income in 2016 at UD. Budi Luhur Demak. The method used was descriptive method. The results of this study indicated that cost-volume-profit analysis from 2015-2016 at UD. Budi Luhur increased profits while sales volume decreased and fixed costs increased. Through this cost-volume-profit analysis, it can be predicted the minimum number of sales that must be achieved to obtain agreed profits in 2016. It is better if company management can apply cost-volume-profit analysis in the profitability.
Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Holding Company terhadap Kinerja Keuangan
Authors: Listiyowati Listiyowati , Adnanti Wenny Ana , Indarti Iin
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to examine the effect of institutional ownership, independent commissioner and holding company on return on assets. The test results on a sample of 40 construction companies from 2014 to 2017 using regression analysis. Institutional ownership and independent commissioners had no effect on return on assets, while holding company had a significant effect on returns on assets in construction companies in IDX. When simultaneous testing of the three independent variables above had a significant effect on the dependent variable. The coefficient of determination is 16.2% which shows that the researchd capital framework is not good enough to explain the dependent variable.
Analisis Pengaruh Dimensi Budaya Organisasi dan Iklim Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Pontianak
Authors: Astuti Indah , Yusmainiar Yusmainiar
Published: March 2021

The company’s ability to adapt and change in memanajemeni is one of the company’s actions in winning the competition. One of the keys to success in the management of such changes is the existence of organizational culture and organizational climate. Police units of teachers ‘ Praja Pontianak town is one of the Government organizations that helped organise the governance and development in the city of Pontianak. For it was then the Police Unit of teachers ‘ Praja Pontianak town should pay attention to how management practices through the application of organizational culture and organizational climate are internal in order to build a good performance for each employee. Therefore it is necessary to do an analysis of organizational culture and organizational climate on performance on a unit of Police teachers ‘ Praja Pontianak town. Problems in the study is how the influence of the dimensions of organizational culture and organizational climate on performance clerk Police teachers ‘ Praja Pontianak town? Samples done by stratified random sampling. Of the total population of 110 people taken 30% or as much as 34 people taken into the sample. Analysis for discussion of using Multiple Regression. Simultaneous test results it can be concluded that the variables of organizational climate and organizational culture has a real influence on performance of respondents on a unit of Police teachers ‘ Praja Pontianak town. From the analysis of partially can be concluded that the organizational culture and organizational climate has a real influence on performance of respondents on a unit of Police teachers ‘ Praja Pontianak town.
PENERAPAN HIDROPONIK TANAMAN KANGKUNG ORGANIK DI KELURAHAN LOKOBOKO KECAMATAN NDONA
Authors: Mutiara Charly , Segu Diana , Supardi Philipus Nerius
Published: March 2021

Community service through the Independent Community Service Program with the theme "Application of Organic Kale Plant Hydroponics" has been carried out. The series of activities carried out were exploring problems, training in making fertilizers or nutrients for hydroponic plants, hydroponic seeding of kale seeds and planting water spinach seeds hydroponically as well as applying organic fertilizers. The parties involved in this activity are students, village officials and the community in Lokoboko Village. The results obtained from this activity were examples of hydroponic vegetable cultivation with an organic system and high enthusiasm from all parties involved to implement it. From these results, it is suggested that this hydroponic method can be applied in the yards of the Lokoboko village community.
PENGABDIAN KKN-MANDIRI TEMATIK KELURAHAN ONEKORE KEBUPATEN ENDE
Authors: Londa Yulita , Tanda Yulita , Senda Yohanes F , Gabe Yanuaris B , Banda Sirilus Sandy , More Kristian E Turu , Rani Hedwig Hendra Tegu
Published: March 2021

The general theme of the 2020 Community Service Program is “Community Empowerment”. Meanwhile, the special theme is "Entrepreneurship". The implementation time starts from August 3 to September 3, 2020, in Onekore Village, Ende Tengah District, Ende Regency. On the program. With this special theme, the main activity carried out is supporting entrepreneurship in Onekore Village. The purpose of implementing this activity is that students are expected to gain learning experience through direct involvement in the community in finding, formulating, solving, and overcoming problems in the field. In this KKN activity, the problems found were the lack of utilization of existing garden products, namely bananas. So far, it is consumed by boiling or eating it without further processing. Olso besides, we also found woven products from weaving that were difficult to market. Students socialize and practice entrepreneurship as an effort to solve problems faced by weaving craftsmen. Efforts made to help the household economy include making flower pots and making wallets made from woven fabrics. Supporting activities during the Community Service Program are assisting with the administration of the Village, community service, building a gate for the Indonesian Independence Day, making sample gardens, socializing COVID-19 and, health service for the elderly.
PELATIHAN BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI UNTUK MEMBANGUN APLIKASI MOBIL
Authors: Ali Edwar , Fitri Triyani Arita , Harianto Koko , Hamdani Hamdani
Published: March 2021

SMK N 6 Pekanbaru is one of the vocational schools located in remote areas of Pekanbaru City. In this school there is a Software Engineering (RPL) major that has XII grade students, more than 30 people. The service carried out at this school aims to equip students with technical knowledge of building mobile based application programs. The theme of this service does not overlap with the learning material they get at school. The number of participants is limited to 19 people. The location of the service was carried out at the computer laboratory of SMK N 6 Pekanbaru. The executor of this community service consists of 4 lecturers from STMIK Amik Riau who are accompanied by 2 senior students. The duration of implementation is 2 days. After the implementation of the community service activities, students are expected to have an understanding of the technical aspects of building mobile applications to be able to make applications simply.
PELATIHAN “E-LEARNING FROM HOME” BAGI GURU PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI PADA MASA PANDEMIC COVID19
Authors: Windarsih Candra Asri , Aryana Suhud , Ramdhania Ammy
Published: March 2021

The covid 19 pandemic outbreak continues to occur in various parts of the world including our country so that we immediately conduct a period of adaptation of new habits on all fronts, including the field of PAUD education, so that learning is all done at home. Learning From Home is carried out by parents, but curriculum, planning and assessment are still provided from the school. The purpose of the training is to know the steps that are used as guidelines in Learning From Home for teachers in the event of a pandemic, provide enlightenment and how to apply this method of devotion participatory approach with oriented teacher participation. The first step of the research is to analyze the situation, identification, objectives, problem solving plan, approach, implementation of training and evaluation. As a result of E-Learning From Home, teachers get new insights and enlightenment, teacher skills increase, media in demand in the form of quota-efficient applications, easy to use, accessible on mobile phones, and do not require a large memory.  This devotion will be followed up with the dedication of simple animation making in defense for early childhood
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN ALAT PENANGKAPAN IKAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Mustasim Mustasim , Gunaisah Endang , Ulat Muhammad Ali , Handayani Handayani , Ismail Ismail , Suruwaky Amir M , Sururi Misbah , Katili Vicky Rizky Affandy , Poltak Hendra
Published: March 2021

Destructive fishing has the potential to reduce the sustainability of marine resources and the productivity of marine products which will have an impact on the welfare of fishermen. Various motives for destructive fishing include economic, social, cultural motives, and even ignorance that this action is against the law. Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Sorong carries out community service as an effort to provide understanding regarding environmentally friendly fisheries through lectures and the practice of making environmentally friendly fishing gear. The activity lasted for 2 days, attended by 20 fishermen target partners of Saoka Village. The results of the practice in the form of environmentally friendly fishing gear are handed over to target partners for use in fishing operations.
Trazas y trizas del viaje: "Poste restante", de Cynthia Rimsky, modelo textovisual
Authors: Pastor Sheila
Published: March 2021

En 2001 la Editorial Sudamericana publicó Poste restante, de la escritora chilena Cynthia Rimsky. Una década después, en 2010 y 2011 respectivamente, aparecerían otras dos versiones preparadas por Sangría Editora y Ediciones Lastarria. La factura textovisual de este relato de viaje, que incorpora mapas, fotografías y recortes recopilados a lo largo del trayecto, favorece que cada edición sea diferente a la anterior. Por ello, comenzaré comparando las tres impresiones chilenas para analizar después la composición miscelánea e intermedial del texto. Finalmente, plantearé una consideración dual del viaje como búsqueda personal y como creación artística, concluyendo que, con su libro, Rimsky nos brinda un claro ejemplo de la obra móvil del artista radicante de nuestro siglo.
Alternative zur SPS
Authors: Pschichholz Peter
Published: March 2021

Speicherprogrammierbare Steuerungen sind gewissermaßen die Gehirne der modernen Fabrik. Doch nicht alle Aufgaben erfordern eine vollwertige SPS. Mit seinem Multifunktionscontroller hat Hesch daher einen flexiblen Regler entwickelt, der eine kostengünstige Alternative zur vollwertigen SPS darstellt, aber deutlich mehr bietet als ein Standardregler.
Nahtlos und aus einem Stück
Authors: Stöcker Michael
Published: March 2021

Die Windkrafttechnik stellt ganz besondere Anforderungen an die Performance ihrer Zulieferer. Das gilt nicht nur für die Entwicklung und Herstellung innovativer Antriebe, Rotoren, Lager und Steuerungen, sondern auch für die Realisierung hoch belastbarer und langlebiger Blechformteile aus verschiedenen Werkstoffen.
Die Luft muss raus: Verpackungen nach Maß
Authors: Kaiser Marco , Burger Michael
Published: March 2021

Wenig Ware im Karton, dafür viel Füllmaterial – das ist besonders für umweltbewusste Verbraucher ein Ärgernis. Paletten mit Kartonzuschnitten für unterschiedliche Verpackungsgrößen kosten den Versender wertvollen Lagerplatz. Dies sind nur zwei Gründe, weshalb vielerorts über Alternativen zu Standardverpackungen nachgedacht wird. Effizienter verpacken ist das Ziel – und deshalb ein Wachstums- und Zukunftstrend. Es gilt, die Luft aus dem Karton rauszulassen und diesen für jede Sendung automatisiert nach Maß anzufertigen. Intelligente Sensorlösungen wie ein neues Lichtgitter-basiertes Volumenmesssystem liefern dazu die notwendigen Informationen.
Berechnung von Lager- und Stabkräften nach dem Kräfte-Versatzverfahren
Authors: Holfeld Andreas
Published: March 2021

Die Berechnung von Lagerreaktionen an ebenen, statisch bestimmten Tragwerken erfolgt, wie in aktuellen Lehrwerken beschrieben, anhand von drei Gleichgewichtsansätzen. Diese können, verschieden kombiniert, Kräfte- oder Momenten-Gleichgewichtsansätze sein. Alternativ zu diesem Vorgehen wird im nachfolgenden Beitrag ein weiterer Ansatz, hier als Kräfte-Versatzverfahren bezeichnet, zur Berechnung von Kräften an ebenen Tragwerken vorgestellt.
Eignung von Direktverschraubungen für additiv gefertigte Bauteile aus AlSi10Mg/Suitability of Direct Screw Connections for Additiv Manufactured Parts Made of AlSi10Mg
Authors: Reichwein Jannik , Noack Marco , Ambros Olaf , Stork Volker , Kirchner Eckhard
Published: March 2021

Inhalt Die Additive Fertigung gewinnt an Bedeutung und auch Endprodukte werden zunehmend additiv gefertigt. Es sind daher geeignete Bauteilverbindungen für additiv gefertigte Produkte notwendig. Der begrenzte Raum vieler Fertigungsanlagen führt außerdem zu einer höheren Anzahl von Bauteilverbindungen. Der Einsatz gewindeformender Schrauben ist eine einfache Möglichkeit, eine lösbare Bauteilverbindung herzustellen. Durch die Möglichkeit der schnellen und werkzeug-losen Herstellung von Prototypen für Einschraubversuche bietet die additive Fertigung außerdem ein großes Potenzial, Versuche an konventionell gefertigten Teilen zu ersetzen. Dies kann die Entwicklungszeit und -kosten erheblich reduzieren und die experimentelle Bestimmung von Bohrungsdurchmessern und Entformungsschrägen erleichtern.
3D-Druck mit Carbonfasern und Thermoplasten
Authors: Vogel Gerhard
Published: March 2021

Welche Potenziale in faserverstärkten Strukturen mit thermoplastischen Matrices stecken, zeigt sich immer deutlicher. So entstehen rund ums Spritzgießen, Schäumen und Thermoformen neue Produktionsverfahren. Mit dem CFK-3D-Druck sogar ein additives Verfahren für die werkzeuglose Produktion in kleinen Losgrößen. Spannender als zurzeit war die junge Technologie der faserverstärkten Thermoplaste noch nie, wie auch der Ausblick auf die ITHEC 2020 zeigt. Congress Bremen bringt den internationalen Kongress und die Ausstellung im Coronajahr vom 13. bis 15. Oktober virtuell zu Entwicklungs- und Anwendungsspezialisten in aller Welt.