bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research: Students' Perceptions of Need for Personal Counseling Services in Community Colleges
Authors: Bundy Atticia P. , Benshoff James M.
Published: December 2011

Although the need for personal counseling services is on the rise across college campuses in the United States, many community colleges do not offer personal counseling services on campus. Instead, community college counseling services focus primarily on academic and career advising. The purpose of this study was to survey community college students in North Carolina to determine their interest in and need for a personal counseling center on campus. Participants were 134 men and 202 women, 18–68 years of age. Of the participants, 70% indicated that having a personal counseling center on campus would be “very helpful” or “helpful.” Results are discussed, and recommendations are made for college counselors working in community college settings.
Professional Issues: Questioning the Use of Alcoholics Anonymous With College Students: Is an Old Concept the Only Alternative for a New Generation?
Authors: Vick Ron
Published: December 2011

The recommended treatment for alcoholism in the past typically has been participation in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). However, the use of AA on college campuses has not been proven effective. With a new generation comes the opportunity to rethink this approach to the problem of alcohol abuse on campuses and to incorporate new methods in counseling practice with young adults.
Validity of the MMPI‐2 College Maladjustment Scale
Authors: Merker Bradley M. , Smith Janet V.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of the study was to validate the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 (MMPI‐2) College Maladjustment scale (Mt) by comparing it with the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ). Significant negative correlations existed between the Mt scale and SACQ scores, indicating that the Mt scale measures maladjustment, especially emotional maladjustment, in college students.
Surviving the Doctoral Dissertation: A Solution‐Focused Approach
Authors: Johnson Richard W. , Conyers Liza M.
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss the application of solution‐focused counseling in support groups designed to help graduate students cope with the demands of writing a doctoral dissertation.
College Student Binge Drinking: Implications for a Constructivist Approach to College Counseling
Authors: Hensley Laura G.
Published: December 2011

This study examined relationships between college students' alcohol consumption and epistemological development. Results indicate students who are frequent binge drinkers have not developed a value system that transcends the influences of peers. On the basis of these findings, a constructivist approach to counseling students with problems related to high‐risk drinking is discussed.
Risk of Eating Disorders Among Female College Athletes and Nonathletes
Authors: Kirk Ginger , Singh Kusum , Getz Hildy
Published: December 2011

This study compared the prevalence of eating disorder behaviors between female collegiate athletes (n = 206) and female college nonathletes (n = 197). Although female nonathletes had somewhat higher average scores on the Eating Attitudes Test 26, the proportion at risk for disordered eating was not different in the 2 groups. There was no significant difference among female athletes in different sports. Younger women were found to have more symptoms of disordered eating than did older women.
Reported Interpersonal Violence and Disposition Decisions: The Impact of Client and Counselor Variables
Authors: Mitchell Sharon L. , Lacour Mary Anne M.
Published: December 2011

Client sex, intake counselor sex, intake counselor experience, and client counseling history significantly predicted disclosure of violence experiences. Counselor sex, counselor experience, and client's experience with counseling predicted intake disposition. Predictors for disposition at termination were number of sessions attended, counselor sex, and counselor experience. Implications for counseling center settings are discussed.
A Counseling Liaison Model of Academic Advising
Authors: Kadar Riva S.
Published: December 2011

This article describes an alternative method of academic advising, as opposed to the traditional faculty‐student model. The objective of the counseling liaison model is to increase the retention and graduation rates of students through linking counseling intervention strategies with developmental academic advising.
Counselor‐In‐Residence: A Counseling Service Model for Residential College Students
Authors: Davis Harrison , Kocet Michael M. , Zozone Monica S.
Published: December 2011

The Counselor‐In‐Residence program at the University of Arkansas was designed as a model to provide counseling for residential college students who otherwise might not take advantage of the services of a traditional university counseling center.
Assessing a Holistic Trait and Factor Approach to Career Development of College Students
Authors: Johnson Patrick , Nichols Cassandra N. , Buboltz Walter C. , Riedesel Brian
Published: December 2011

To assess the impact of a holistic career and life planning course on college students, the authors asked 209 students in treatment and control groups to complete measures of career development. Results indicate that the course significantly increases vocational identity and career decision‐making self‐efficacy and decreases career indecision.
College Counseling Centers With Counselors in Private Practice: Guidelines to Negotiate Ethical Challenges
Authors: Berger Carol , Angera Jeffrey J. , Rawls D. Terry , Rapaport Ross J. , Bartels Elizabeth , Black Rebecca J.
Published: December 2011

Several factors shape practices in counseling centers today, including an increased need for referral to external mental health services. Providing external referrals can lead to both practical and ethical implications when counseling center employees also operate private practices. Guidelines to negotiate the potential ethical dilemmas inherent in this scenario are provided.
College Students and Self‐Injury: Intervention Strategies for Counselors
Authors: White Victoria E. , Trepal‐Wollenzier Heather , Nolan James Michael
Published: December 2011

This article provides an overview of self‐injurious behaviors and provides intervention strategies for college counselors to use when working with students who self‐injure. College counselors' roles in managing self‐injurious behaviors are explored in relation to individualized treatment issues, outreach, education, advocacy, and prevention. Implications and recommendations for college counselors are provided.
Exploring Relational and Individualistic Counseling Preferences of Culturally Diverse College Students
Authors: Lewis Theresa Odenweller , Tucker Carolyn M.
Published: December 2011

This exploratory study examined the influence of gender and ethnicity on college student preferences for individualistic vs. relational‐focused counseling approaches. Overall, the results did not demonstrate significant differences across gender and ethnicity. However, there was a small tendency for women and African American participants to rate the counselor conducting the relational‐focused counseling approach more positively than did men and White participants, respectively.
College Counselor Attitudes Toward Spiritual and Religious Issues and Practices in Counseling
Authors: Weinstein Carri M. , Parker Jessica , Archer James
Published: December 2011

In this study, 86 mental health professionals employed in university counseling centers in the United States were surveyed on their attitudes toward discussing religious and spiritual topics and toward using religious and spiritual practices in counseling. These participants viewed the use and discussion of spiritual topics/practices more favorably than the use and discussion of religious topics/practices. Differences in attitudes toward specific topics and practices are reported, as are implications for practice.
Applying a Social Justice Framework to College Counseling Center Practice
Authors: Smith Laura , Baluch Suraiya , Bernabei Sandra , Robohm Jennifer , Sheehy Julia
Published: December 2011

Counselors are often challenged to address issues of social justice in the counseling context, and they must be deliberate and innovative in their attempts to respond. Counselors will be required to relate social justice considerations to their practices and to the theoretical foundations of these practices; they must then operationalize an approach that suits their particular practice setting. The authors present the early results of their attempt to meet this challenge.
Addressing Sexual Assault on College Campuses: Guidelines for a Prevention/Awareness Week
Authors: Lee Robin Wilbourn , Caruso Michele E. , Goins Shelley E. , Southerland Jennifer P.
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss concepts that are related to providing education and training regarding sexual assault, as outlined by the Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act of 1990, as amended in 1992. Because college counseling center staff members often initiate and plan campus outreach prevention programs, an outline is provided of a prevention/awareness week intervention that is designed to address sexual assault on university and college campuses.
Understanding Sleep Disorders in a College Student Population
Authors: Jensen Dallas R.
Published: December 2011

College students' sleep habits are changing dramatically, and related sleep problems are increasing. The author reviews the current literature on sleep problems, focusing on the college student population. An explanation of the basics of sleep is provided as a base for understanding sleep disorders. The unique challenges of college settings are discussed as they apply to understanding sleep problems, and suggestions are made for professionals who work with college students.
A Systems Approach to Understanding and Counseling College Student‐Athletes
Authors: Fletcher Teresa B. , Benshoff James M. , Richburg Melanie J.
Published: December 2011

Student‐athletes have unique challenges as they confront pressures to perform both athletically and academically. The authors present a systems approach that will enhance the conceptualization skills that counselors need to intervene more effectively with college student‐athletes as well as address counselors' own stereotypes and biases about student‐athletes.
Stage‐Matched Motivational Interventions for College Student Binge Drinkers
Authors: Gintner Gary G. , Choate Laura Hensley
Published: December 2011

College student binge drinkers incur significant adverse consequences for themselves and others, yet they often do not see their drinking as problematic. Counseling interventions should therefore be sensitive to relevant consequences, motivational level, and readiness to change. To address these issues, the authors integrate harm‐reduction principles, motivational interviewing, and stages of change to address the problems of binge drinkers who may be reluctant or ambivalent about changing their drinking habits.
Developing Ethical Institutional Policies and Procedures for Working With Suicidal Students on a College Campus
Authors: Francis Perry C.
Published: December 2011

College and university personnel are often confronted with several ethical and legal issues as they respond to students who present with suicidal ideation or suicide attempts on campus. This article presents an overview of the issues and the solutions that seek to address the ethical guidelines of the counseling profession and the university's goal of a safe learning environment. Solutions are applied to the creation of policies for dealing with suicidal students.
Skills‐Based Occupational Representations: Implications for Career Counseling
Authors: Smith Thomas J. , Campbell Cynthia
Published: December 2011

The authors used measures of workplace skills to construct graphical representations of occupations. Interpretable groupings of occupations based on similar skills emerged, as did an occupational map with salient skill dimensions. Implications for the use of skills information in a career counseling context are discussed with respect to (a) selection of courses, (b) consideration of alternative careers, (c) honest appraisal of the nature of particular occupations, and (d) planning curricula.
College Counseling and Student Retention: Research Findings and Implications for Counseling Centers
Authors: Sharkin Bruce S.
Published: December 2011

College counseling centers may come under increasing scrutiny by administrators regarding how their services contribute to student retention. College counselors can use data to demonstrate a positive influence of counseling on retention, but they also need to educate administrators that student retention should be a consideration among many when evaluating the efficacy of services. The author reviews findings from studies on the impact of college counseling on retention and addresses implications for counseling centers.
Relational Predictors of Psychological Distress in Women and Men Presenting for University Counseling Center Services
Authors: Frey Lisa L. , Tobin Jonna , Beesley Denise
Published: December 2011

The authors examined psychological distress and relational patterns in college men and women. Peer, mentor, and community relationships; year in school; and family experiences were hypothesized to predict psychological distress, although predictive patterns were expected to differ in women and men. Overall, results supported the hypotheses. Findings are interpreted from the perspective of the relational‐cultural model. Counseling implications focus on interventions congruent with the specific relational needs of women and men.
Counseling and the Internet: Asian American and Asian International College Students' Attitudes Toward Seeking Online Professional Psychological Help
Authors: Chang Tai , Chang Robert
Published: December 2011

This study examined Asian American and Asian international college students' attitudes toward seeking online professional psychological help as well as traditional face‐to‐face professional psychological help. Results suggest that students had less favorable attitudes toward seeking help online than toward seeking help by traditional face‐to‐face means. Implications for counseling center services for Asian American and Asian international college students are discussed.
Using Popular Quotations to Enhance Therapeutic Writing
Authors: Wiitala Wyndy L. , Dansereau Donald F.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe the use of therapeutic writing as a technique for managing personal problems. It was hypothesized that having individuals intermittently read inspirational/motivational sayings would further enhance the benefit of therapeutic writing. The results indicate that popular quotations can be used with therapeutic writing to make the process more interesting and enjoyable. Recommendations are provided to counselors who may want to use this technique with clients.
A Program for Counseling and Campus Support Services for African American and Latino Adult Learners
Authors: Gary Juneau Mahan , Kling Beverly , Dodd Betty N.
Published: December 2011

This study describes counseling and support services for African American and Latino adult learners that reduce barriers to graduation. Procedures adapted traditional counseling by (a) using faculty counselors and (b) including gender‐, culture‐, and adult‐based perspectives in individual and group counseling and peer support. Support relevant to the learners' needs is effective in retaining adult learners, thereby making higher education accessible to a student body inclusive of adult learners.
Creating Connections: Using a Narrative Approach in Career Group Counseling With College Students From Diverse Cultural Backgrounds
Authors: Clark Mary Ann , Severy Lisa , Sawyer Shanaz Ali
Published: December 2011

Changes in the world of work as well as demographic shifts toward a more diverse college population and workforce require changes in the way career counseling is provided on college campuses. The authors propose using a narrative group counseling approach to serve college and university students from various cultural backgrounds. Through this approach, students develop their own career/life stories, incorporating their cultural values, family and community considerations, and life roles.
Predictors of Undergraduate Student Binge Drinking
Authors: Strano Donald A. , Cuomo Michael J. , Venable Riley H.
Published: December 2011

The relative importance of a number of predictors of binge drinking and of high‐versus low‐frequency binge drinking among undergraduate students was studied. Findings demonstrated that race, class, fraternity or sorority membership, use of other drugs in the past 30 days, positive alcohol expectancies, perception of minimal risk, perception that friends do not disapprove of binge drinking, and perception of high normative drinking were factors in predicting episodes of binge drinking. Being male, having fraternity or sorority membership, perceiving that friends do not disapprove, and using other drugs distinguished high‐frequency from low‐frequency binge drinkers.
Personality as a Predictor of First‐Semester Adjustment to College: The Mediational Role of Perceived Social Support
Authors: Lidy Kara M. , Kahn Jeffrey H.
Published: December 2011

Personality was hypothesized to predict college adjustment because of the role of perceived social support. A sample of 111 freshmen completed measures of personality, perceived social support, and college adjustment twice in their 1st semester. Perceived social support mediated the relationships between 3 personality factors (Emotional Stability, Social Boldness, and Abstractedness) and college adjustment, highlighting perceived social support as a point of intervention to improve 1st‐semester students' college adjustment.
Speaking Through the Body: The Incidence of Self‐Injury, Piercing, and Tattooing Among College Students
Authors: Aizenman Marta , Jensen Mary Ann Conover
Published: December 2011

Self‐injurious behaviors were compared with tattooing and piercing in a college population. Findings indicate a high prevalence of self‐injury. Students who self‐injured were motivated by a desire to alleviate emotional pain; students who tattooed and pierced by self‐expression. Students who self‐injured scored higher than students who tattooed and pierced on measures of depression and scored lower on self‐esteem and sense of control scales. The incidence of all 3 body‐altering behaviors was higher among participants reporting physical/sexual abuse or eating disorders.
Dating Violence Among College Students: Key Issues for College Counselors
Authors: Murray Christine E. , Kardatzke Kerrie N.
Published: December 2011

The authors present a review of literature examining dating violence among college students. They describe 6 key issues related to dating violence among college students that affect college counselors' work. These key issues relate to the incidence and prevalence of physical, sexual, and psychological violence in college students' dating relationships, risk factors and relationship dynamics associated with dating violence, and counseling issues—including related psychological symptoms and college students' reporting of dating violence to professionals.
Seeking Help in a Foreign Land: International Students' Use Patterns for a U.S. University Counseling Center
Authors: Yakushko Oksana , Davidson M. Meghan , Sanford‐Martens Tiffany C.
Published: December 2011

This archival study examined the use of a university counseling center's services by international students during a 5‐year period. Variables analyzed included clients' presenting concerns, students' demographic characteristics, number of counseling sessions attended, and reasons for termination. Implications for counselor training, outreach activities, and counseling services on college campuses are discussed.
Attachment, Entitlement, and the Impostor Phenomenon in Female Graduate Students
Authors: Gibson‐Beverly Gina , Schwartz Jonathan P.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the utility of attachment and entitlement as predictors of the impostor phenomenon in female graduate students. Findings suggested that individuals with high levels of self‐reliance/self‐assurance entitlement are able to associate positive feedback with stable internal attributes. Those with anxious attachment and narcissistic expectations/self‐promotion entitlement, however, were unable to openly accept positive feedback because of perceived deficits in self‐worth. Implications are discussed for addressing these issues with female college counseling clients.
Role Balance and Depression Among College Students: The Moderating Influence of Adult Attachment Orientations
Authors: Lopez Frederick G. , Fons‐Scheyd Alia
Published: December 2011

This study examined interrelationships among role balance perceptions, adult attachment orientations, and depression within an ethnically diverse, mixed‐gender sample of college students. Adult attachment orientations—and particularly attachment avoidance—significantly interacted with students' role balance levels to predict their depression scores. Implications and recommendations for college counseling centers are also discussed.
Using the Millon College Counseling Inventory to Assess Student Mental Health Needs
Authors: Millon Theodore , Strack Stephen , Millon‐Niedbala Carolyn M. , Grossman Seth D.
Published: December 2011

Students visiting college counseling centers experience a broad range of complex and sometimes severe concerns that are often not adequately addressed by existing clinical measures. In response, the Millon College Counseling Inventory (MCCI; T. Millon, S. N. Strack, C. Millon, & S. Grossman, 2006) was specifically designed for use with contemporary college populations. The authors introduce the MCCI, briefly explain its development, discuss its utility for everyday use in counseling centers, and offer a fictional case illustration.
Wellness and College Type in African American Male College Students: An Examination of Differences
Authors: Spurgeon Shawn L.
Published: December 2011

African American male students (N = 203) attending a historically Black college or university (HBCU) and a predominantly White institution (PWI) participated in a study to determine differences in wellness. HBCU students scored significantly higher than did PWI students on Friendship, Love, Sense of Control, and Gender Identity. PWI students scored significantly higher than did HBCU students on Sense of Worth. Implications and future research directions are suggested.
Mandated Disciplinary Counseling: Working Effectively With Challenging Clients
Authors: Kiracofe Norman M. , Buller Allison E.
Published: December 2011

Mandated disciplinary counseling has been a long‐established practice for many college and university counseling centers. Although the practice is well established, practitioners continue to raise questions about its appropriateness and effectiveness. Student dynamics and other issues influencing the efficacy of mandated counseling are explored. Counseling readiness interventions are recommended to mitigate the types of reactance issues that can be barriers to effective counseling outcomes.
Counseling a Student Presenting Borderline Personality Disorder in the Small College Context: Case Study and Implications
Authors: Draper Matthew R. , Faulkner Ginger E.
Published: December 2011

This case study examines the dynamics and challenges associated with counseling a client experiencing borderline personality disorder in the small college institutional context. The work of counseling centers at small private institutions has been relatively unexplored in the extant college counseling literature. To help fill this gap, the current case study explores a counselor's work with a student at a private, Catholic women's college.
Native American Racial Identity Development and College Adjustment at Two‐Year Institutions
Authors: Watson Joshua C.
Published: December 2011

In this study, a series of simultaneous multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between racial identity development and college adjustment for a sample of 76 Choctaw community college students in the South. Results indicated that 3 of the 4 racial identity statuses (dissonance, immersion‐emersion, and internalization) were significantly related to college adjustment, whereas the 4th status, conformity, was not. Implications for research and practice are provided.
University and College Counselors as Athletic Team Consultants: Using a Structural Family Therapy Model
Authors: Parcover Jason A. , Mettrick Jennifer , Parcover Cynthia A. D. , Griffin‐Smith Pamela
Published: December 2011

Increasingly, university and college counselors are sought out by their institution's sports coaches for assistance in achieving team goals. Traditional sport psychology models that have the individual athlete as their primary focus are insufficient frameworks for team‐level consultations. The authors believe that systemic approaches may provide an effective alternative. In this article, the authors offer and illustrate S. Minuchin's (1974) Structural Family Therapy as a heuristic model for conceptualizing and intervening with athletic teams.
Adult Attachment; Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity; and Sexual Attitudes of Nonheterosexual Individuals
Authors: Wang Chia‐Chih DC , Schale Codi L. , Broz Kristina K.
Published: December 2011

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) college students from 12 university campuses (N = 177) participated in this study that examined the relationships between adult attachment, LGB identity, and sexual attitudes. Findings indicated that adult attachment was significantly related to LGB identity and sexual attitudes and that an LGB identity variable moderated the relationship between attachment avoidance and sexual permissiveness attitudes. Findings, counseling implications, and future research directions are discussed in terms of attachment and LGB identity theory.
Wellness Factors as Predictors of Alcohol Use Among Undergraduates: Implications for Prevention and Intervention
Authors: Lewis Todd F. , Myers Jane E.
Published: December 2011

A pilot study examining holistic wellness factors and drinking behaviors among undergraduate students revealed several significant relationships. Two second‐order wellness factors of the Indivisible Self model of wellness—Coping Self and Essential Self—were negatively associated with both alcohol use intensity and drinking consequences. Implications for college counselors and for further research are considered.
Decision‐Making Strategies for College Students
Authors: Morey Janis T. , Dansereau Donald F.
Published: December 2011

College students' decision making is often less than optimal and sometimes leads to negative consequences. The effectiveness of two strategies for improving student decision making—node‐link mapping and social perspective taking (SPT)—are examined. Participants using SPT were significantly better able to evaluate decision options and develop plans, suggesting that college counselors might increase the effectiveness of students' decision making by presenting a simple SPT strategy.
Counseling a Biracial Female College Student With an Eating Disorder: A Case Study Applying an Integrative Biopsychosocialcultural Perspective
Authors: Smart Rebekah
Published: December 2011

This case study describes short‐term counseling with a young biracial woman experiencing an eating disorder. A biopsychosocialcultural conceptualization of the problem is described. The counseling approach is informed by feminist and multicultural theory and uses both interpersonal and cognitive behavior therapy.
The Center for Collegiate Mental Health: Practice and Research Working Together
Authors: Hayes Jeffrey A. , Locke Benjamin D. , Castonguay Louis G.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe the Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH), a practice–research network of university counseling centers, and introduce the special issue of the Journal of College Counseling that features the work of the CCMH. The issue features five studies conducted by the CCMH, all of which were focused on the mental health and treatment needs of culturally diverse college students. The special issue concludes with a commentary by Gordon Nagayama Hall.
Rates and Predictors of Counseling Center Use Among College Students of Color
Authors: Hayes Jeffrey A. , Youn Soo Jeong , Castonguay Louis G. , Locke Benjamin D. , McAleavey Andrew A. , Nordberg Sam
Published: December 2011

A comparison of institutional enrollment data and counseling center service utilization data at 66 universities showed that neither ethnic minority students nor European American students under‐ or overutilized counseling services (Study 1). Data from Study 2 examining students in the general campus bodies at 45 institutions indicated that utilization of counseling center services for students of various ethnicities was predicted by the ethnic composition of the counseling center staff. Among students of color, utilization of campus counseling services was predicted by greater psychological distress, less family support, and a history of previous psychological problems.
Do Double Minority Students Face Double Jeopardy? Testing Minority Stress Theory
Authors: Hayes Jeffrey A. , Chun‐Kennedy Caitlin , Edens Astrid , Locke Benjamin D.
Published: December 2011

Data from 2 studies revealed that ethnic and sexual minority clients experienced greater psychological distress on multiple dimensions than did European American or heterosexual clients, respectively, as did ethnic and sexual minority students who were not clients. Among sexual minority students, ethnicity was not an added source of distress. Among ethnic minority students, sexual minority status was associated with heightened psychological distress.
AN EVALUATION OF ORIENTATION AND ASSESSMENT EFFECTIVENESS IN THE WORK INCENTIVE PROGRAM
Authors: Bryant Flora L. , Showalter John M.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Work Incentive (WIN) Orientation and Assessment Program which was designed to (a) assess enrollee attitudes and abilities, and (b) provide enrollee pre‐employment test orientation.

A sample of 155 WIN enrollees was divided into two groups; the experimental group received two weeks of orientation and assessment. Results were obtained by using two criteria: First, the number of terminations prior to completing the EDP was examined for each group, and second, the total number of referrals to each of three major components was examined.

Findings revealed a significantly lower number of terminations among the experimental group, but did not yield any difference in the number of referrals per component. It is suggested that further studies of this type include a more refined measure of enrollee success and satisfaction in various WIN components.
CORRELATES OF COUNSELING EFFECTIVENESS IN EMPLOYMENT INTERVIEWERS
Authors: Thomas Kenneth R. , Britton Jean O.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of effective counseling behavior in employment interviewers as measured by the Kelz Counselor Performance Rating Scale. Four demographic variables were studied: age, length of employment as an employment interviewer for a state employment agency, sex, and level of education. Seventeen employment interviewers employed by the Pennsylvania Bureau of Employment Security served as subjects. Significant negative correlations were found between effective counseling behavior as measured by the Kelz Scale and both age and length of employment as an interviewer for a state agency. No relationship was found between the criterion variable and the sex or level of education of the interviewers. Some possible implications of these findings are discussed and tentative hypotheses presented.
An Example of Employment Service Adjustment Counseling
Authors: MALLARY N. D. , CONNER BEVERLY H.
Published: December 2011

This article traces one client's progress from chronic unemployability to vocational stability through the use of rational emotive therapy (RET). The authors explain the causality among activating events, belief systems, and emotional consequences. Examples are given of rational and irrational self‐talk, and the client is helped toward a view of self‐responsibility in determining his own consequences. The theoretical model is applied to specific areas of the client's daily life, and, through his personal acceptance of the dynamics of emotional disturbance, the client learns new and more effective behavior.
MAP to Parole
Authors: SON GLORIA STEVEN
Published: December 2011

Prisoners in MAP program negotiate parole contracts.
Male and Female Preferences in Selected Career Factors
Authors: SAMPSON JAMES P. , STRIPLING ROBERT O. , LOESCH LARRY C.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated seven factors relating to personal preferences in choosing a career. Differences between male and female preferences were also studied. While males and females express similarities relating to the seven factors, they also reveal differences that should be considered by counselors helping individuals explore career choices.
Overcoming Obstacles: Nontraditional Jobs for Women
Authors: PRAY MARGARET , THOMAS KENNETH R.
Published: December 2011

This article identifies some of the obstacles in the nontraditional career choice and implementation process of women. Counselor bias and client attitudes are crucial factors, as are physical strength, co‐worker relations, and mathematical ability. The authors suggest ideas for neutralizing these obstacles and maximizing the chances for success, and recommend areas for counselor training and future research.
Women, Education, Mathematics, and Computers: An Instance of Vocational Incongruence
Authors: WINER JANE L. , STRAUSS MONTY J. , LUTZER DAVID J. , WALLING DERALD D. , ANDERSON RONALD M. , RONSHAUSEN NINA L.
Published: December 2011

A course in computer literacy was taken by 16 female elementary education majors specializing in mathematics. Results indicated that the students were dissimilar to the typical female college sample and to predicted occupational groups.
Separated, Divorced, or Widowed Women and Career Choice: The Displaced Homemaker
Authors: BALDING MARIJEAN , DEBLASSIE RICHARD R.
Published: December 2011

This article focuses on how displaced homemakers may be helped in adjusting to their recently acknowledged unique problems, which include economic problems, no work experience, changing family roles, and stress.
How to Hold a Successful Career‐Planning Conference for Women
Authors: DITTMAN NANCY A. , CHICKERING JO
Published: December 2011

This article describes how to hold a successful career‐planning conference for women entering or re‐entering the job market.
Evaluation of Group Vocational Counseling for Women
Authors: KAHN SHARON E. , WARD VALERIE G.
Published: December 2011

Single mothers on income assistance participated in a vocational counseling group to facilitate job reentry. Although no statistical changes in participants were recorded, patterns of change are discussed.
Career Counseling with the Handicapped—The Final Stage: Some Unique Approaches
Authors: STEINHAUSER LARRY
Published: December 2011

This article examines the roles of job development and placement within the career counseling process and explores four unique approaches now used with handicapped individuals. Counselors of the handicapped must do both decision making and job placement because of the added difficulty of employer resistance.
Identifying the Needs of Newly Unemployed Workers
Authors: PARSONS MARGARET A. , GRIFFORE ROBERT J. , LaMORE REX L.
Published: December 2011

Those responsible for providing services to the newly unemployed face the need to make choices relative to the allocation of scarce resources. Making these choices requires data on the perceived needs of those to be served. A sample of newly umemployed workers responded to a questionnaire indicating their needs for information and community services.
Job Development from a Counselor's Perspective: A Training Workshop
Authors: BURLEW LARRY D.
Published: December 2011

An inservice training workshop for employment counselors on the skill of job development is reviewed. Evaluations proved there is a need for additional inservice training on job development skills, including follow‐up, marketing, using outside resources, matching employer needs with client capabilities, speaking before groups, effective verbal communication with employers, and overcoming objections.
Tools and Techniques: Typologies, Themes, Preferences, and Interests: Their Vocational Relationships
Authors: TRIMMER HARVEY W.
Published: December 2011

This article uses Jones' comparative table for the typology of Holland and the Guide for Occupational Exploration to extend the relationships to include the occupational themes and work roles of Jackson and Kuder.
Making the Transition from Prison to Community: Importance of Career Exploration
Authors: Bradley Loretta J.
Published: December 2011

A criminal record is often a severe employment handicap. Through career counseling, employment counselors have a unique opportunity to enhance the likelihood that the ex‐offender will successfully make the transition from prison to community. The results of a career program conducted with ex‐offenders are described in this study.
Social Interpersonal Skills of Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Adults at Work
Authors: LIGNUGARIS/KRAFT BENJAMIN , RULE SARAH , SALZBERG CHARLES L. , STOWITSCHEK JOSEPH J.
Published: December 2011

The pattern and content of social interactions of successful handicapped and nonhandicapped employees were observed in two employment settings. Data suggest that both groups were active social interactants who frequently worked cooperatively, yet interacted relatively infrequently with their supervisors. Implications for future research are discussed.
Coping with Unemployment: What Helps and What Hinders
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN E. , BORGEN WILLIAM A.
Published: December 2011

In this article the authors report on a study of the experience of unemployment. The emphasis is on those factors that unemployed people found helpful and those that hindered them.
The Experience of Job Loss As Perceived by Young and Middle‐Aged Adults and Those Near Retirement
Authors: MERRIAM SHARAN B.
Published: December 2011

The author investigated the experience of job loss as a function of life stage. Responses to questionnaire items dealing with job loss were received from 233 young, middle‐aged, and nearly retired adults who were unemployed.
Personal Appearance: Is Attractiveness a Factor in Organizational Survival and Success?
Authors: NYKODYM NICK , SIMONETTI JACK L.
Published: December 2011

Discusses impact of personal appearance. Identified personal appearance as one of the key factors in organizational survival and success.
Job Link: An Employment Counseling Program for Immigrants
Authors: AMUNDSON NORM , FIRBANK OSCAR , KLEIN HAL , POEHNELL GRAY
Published: December 2011

A group employment counseling program for counseling immigrants is described. Evaluation results from the project are also presented.
Criteria Used by College Students to Select Employment Referents
Authors: RALSTON STEVEN MICHAEL , DECKER ELIZABETH A.
Published: December 2011

Content analysis of college students' rationales for selecting employment referents suggests that their choices do not always match with what employers value in reference reports. The concluding section of the article offers suggestions for effective referent selection.
New Careers Model Revisited: The Importance of Mentoring
Authors: JOHNSON JAY , SIMPSON JAMES C. , WILLIAMS MARK L. , KOTARBA JOSEPH A.
Published: December 2011

The authors report a study that suggests the career paths of workers on short‐term federal projects may be enhanced as a result of developing a relationship with a mentor through such projects.
Organizational Hierarchy, Employee Status, and Use of Employee Assistance Programs
Authors: GERSTEIN LAWRENCE , GABER THOMAS , DAINAS CHELLE , DUFFEY KIM
Published: December 2011

This study examined the role of organizational hierarchy and staff status in the number of suggested Employee Assistance Program (EAP) referrals made by potential helpers and the relationship of these variables to personal EAP use. Results and implications are discussed.
Career Development and Adjustment: The Relation Between Concerns and Stress
Authors: NILES SPENCER G. , ANDERSON W. P.
Published: December 2011

The use of the Occupational Stress Inventory and the Adult Career Concerns Inventory in the career counseling of adults is discussed. Descriptive statistics of inventory scores for adult career counseling clients (N = 110) are provided and a case study is discussed.
Preparing German Employment Counselors for Teaching Career Orientation
Authors: BUSSHOFF LUDGER , SCHULZ WILLIAM
Published: December 2011

To prepare employment counselors for teaching career orientation to all students in the schools, an Inductive Training Style (ITS) has been developed in Mannheim, Germany.
Cognitive Bias in the Assessment Phase of the Counseling Process
Authors: HAVERKAMP BETH E.
Published: December 2011

Assessment is described from the perspective of counselor inferential judgment. Types of cognitive bias and ways to avoid inferential error are discussed.
The Effects of Job Search Behavior and Vocational Self‐Concept Crystallization on Job Acquisition: Is There an Interaction?
Authors: QUINT ELLEN DEUTSCH , KOPELMAN RICHARD E.
Published: December 2011

It was predicted that job acquisition success would be positively related to (a) the level of job search behavior; (b) the degree of vocational self‐concept crystallization; and most strongly, (c) the combined effects (interaction) of job search behavior and vocational self‐concept crystallization. Data from two samples supported the first prediction, but not the latter two. Implications for practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Identifying People Who Are Motivated to Manage: Don't Overlook Black Business Students
Authors: ALLAN PETER , NELLEN EUGENE H.
Published: December 2011

The Miner Sentence Completion Scale (MSCS) was used to obtain motivation to manage scores for 227 Black business students attending colleges and universities in Middle Atlantic and Southeastern states. The average score for motivation to manage score was at least as high as the scores reported by Miner in his studies of White undergraduate business students. No difference was found between students attending public and private institutions. Nor was there a difference between those attending predominantly Black and predominantly White colleges.
Downsizing: Case Study of a Career in Crisis
Authors: BOOTH ROSEMARY , SMITH TERESA L.
Published: December 2011

Downsizing is a major concern in American industry today. Although much has been written about the effects of downsizing on corporations, little has been said about its effect on individuals. This case presents downsizing from one individual's perspective and suggests strategies and procedures for reducing the negative effect of downsizing on employees. Strategies and procedures that firms can adopt to make downsizing programs effective include planning in advance, developing effective communications, centralizing decision making, and educating personnel specialists and managers.
Myths, Metaphors, and Moxie: The 3Ms Of Career Counseling
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN
Published: December 2011

The focus of this article is on the concepts of myth, metaphor, and moxie as they relate to refraining within career counseling. Implications for the practice and training of counselors are also discussed.
Careerist, Wage‐Earner, or Entrepreneur: Work Values and Counseling
Authors: PLANT PETER
Published: December 2011

Work values play a major role in career decisions, but how often are these values consciously addressed in counseling? Studies based on ethnology offer new insight into the importance of work values. This article points to some implications for counseling.
A Career—Life Planning Model for First Nations People
Authors: McCORMICK ROD M. , AMUNDSON NORMAN E.
Published: December 2011

A career‐life planning model for use with First Nations people is described. This model uses a communal counseling process and focuses on key components such as connectedness, balance, needs, roles, gifts, and values.
Error Rates on Two Forms of the Self‐Directed Search and Satisfaction With the Results
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

The number and type of scoring errors made on Holland's Self‐Directed Search‐R (SDS‐R) are examined. Participants were high school juniors and seniors. The results indicate that although some errors were made, the SDS‐R was perceived as a useful career assessment tool. Implications of the results are also discussed.
A New Model of Job Training for Economic Rebirth
Authors: RUDD DAVID V. , STRONG KELLY C.
Published: December 2011

Many current welfare recipients lack the adequate training and education needed to become self‐sufficient. Historically, government administered Job training programs have not been successful in efficiently moving people from government assistance to permanent employment, suggesting the need for a new model of job training. This article presents a resiliency model of job training that emphasizes applicant recruitment, assessment and development. Use of a resiliency model is intended to increase program success rates by using psychological assessment and professional development goals of the individual.
Self‐Employment and Baby Boomers: Ten Tips for Your Clients
Authors: VON BERGEN C. W. , SOPER BARLOW , FLICKER RICHARD M.
Published: December 2011

The movement toward growth that characterized American industry for much of this century has now changed to a trend of consolidation. Consolidation typically includes layoffs, reductions in force, and restructuring. Such downsizing has caused baby boomers holding executive, managerial and professional administrative positions to consider self‐employment opportunities. This article discusses how career counselors can assist these clients in evaluating and making the move from corporate America to self‐employment.
The Tables Turned: Factors MBA Students Use in Deciding Among Prospective Employers
Authors: PHILLIPS CARL R. , PHILLIPS ANTOINETTE S.
Published: December 2011

Past research has revealed a number of determinants of selection decisions for college students. Given the large number of students graduating with MBA degrees and firms recruiting and hiring applicants with such degrees, the purpose of this study was to examine how MBA students would rate certain job factors. This study reports students' ratings of 23 factors potentially present in workplaces. The most and least important factors are discussed. In addition, implications for organizational recruiting practices and for on‐campus career counselors are presented.
Adult Career Changers: A Developmental Context
Authors: LUCAS MARGARETHA S.
Published: December 2011

Adults requesting career guidance at a counseling center completed a problem‐checklist and the Identity, Information, and Barriers scales of the My Vocational Situation (Holland, Daiger, & Power, 1980) inventory. Respondents indicated a need for information on careers; lack of clarity regarding interests, talents, and goals; and worries about self‐confidence, independence, and assertiveness. Suggestions are given regarding appropriate interventions.
Fringe Focus: Informal Economy and Green Career Development
Authors: PLANT PETER
Published: December 2011

What are now regarded as peripheral career development activities will move to the center of career counseling: Counseling in the informal economy and environmentally concerned career counseling will move up the agenda as traditional concepts of careers fade away. Fringe will become focus.