bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green bionanocomposites based on polyhydroxybutyrate and filled with cellulose nanocrystals: melting processing and characterization
Authors: Schmidt Anja , Bittmann-Hennes Birgit , Montero Belén , Wetzel Bernd , Barral Luis
Published: December 2022

This article contributes to the understanding of biobased and biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) bionanocomposites reinforced by weight contents of 1 wt% and 3 wt% of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), which are derived from waste streams of the paper industry. Samples were melt processed by pre-industrial methods such as extrusion and injection molding. Thereby, already existing ultrasonic treatment was used for dispersing the CNC. Subsequently, the CNC dispersion analysis was completed by transmission electron microscopy. Their thermal properties and their crystallization behavior were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning analysis, X-ray diffraction and polarized optical microscopy. Investigations on the bending properties were carried out in conjunction with the analysis of their dynamic mechanical behavior. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the fracture surface. All these analyses give a deep insight into their structure-property relationship. The applicability of the processed bionanocomposites in the packaging industry was investigated by analysing their moisture absorption measurements and their gas barrier properties, which provided an insight into their behavior under environmental conditions. PHB bionanocomposites with a low content of 1 wt% CNC were found to have the best dispersion quality, which had a positive effect on almost all mechanical and thermal properties. The incorporation of crystalline nanocellulose leads to a significant increase in crystallinity, which contributes to an improvement in mechanical properties. In addition, the bionanocomposites show a slightly lower tendency to absorb moisture and better barrier properties to oxygen and water vapor. The findings show that these bionanocomposites are suitable for use in the packaging industry.
Mechanical thrombectomy combined with Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Zheng Meiling , Li Li , Chen Lizhou , Li Bin , Feng Cuiling
Published: December 2022

Purpose
To assess the clinical value of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) combined with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by comparing it with the direct MT (dMT).
Method
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis involving studies from four databases including PubMed, Embase, WOS, and Cochrane Library. We collected observational studies and randomized controlled studies (RCTs) published from January 2011 to June 2022, providing data about outcomes in terms of functional independence (FI), excellent outcomes (mRS score:0-1), successful recanalization (SR), symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), any intracerebral hemorrhage (aICH), and mortality at three-month or discharge.
Results
A total of 55 eligible studies (nine RCTs and 46 observational studies) were included. For RCTs, the MT+IVT group was superior in FI (OR:1.27, 95%CI:1.11-1.46), excellent outcomes (OR:1.21, 95%CI:1.03-1.43), SR (OR:1.23, 95%CI:1.05-1.45), mortality (OR:0.72, 95%CI: 0.54-0.97) in crude analyses. In adjusted analyses, the MT+IVT group reduced the risk of mortality (OR:0.65, 95%CI: 0.49-0.88). For observational studies, the results of FI (OR:1.34, 95%CI:1.16-1.33), excellent outcomes (OR:1.30, 95%CI:1.09-1.54), SR (OR:1.23, 95%CI:1.05-1.44), mortality (OR:0.70, 95%CI:0.64-0.77) in the MT+IVT group were better. Additionally, the MT+IVT group increased the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) including sICH (OR:1.16, 95%CI:1.11-1.21) and aICH (OR:1.24, 95%CI:1.05-1.46) in crude analyses. In crude analyses, significant better outcomes were seen in the MT+IVT group on FI (OR:1.36, 95%CI:1.21-1.52), excellent outcomes (OR:1.49, 95%CI:1.26-1.75), and mortality (OR:0.73, 95%CI: 0.56-0.94).
Conclusions
The MT+IVT therapy did improve the prognosis for AIS patients and did not increase the risk of HT compared with dMT therapy.
Risk factor analysis of the accuracy and safety of planned and actual screw paths with robot-assisted technology
Authors: Yi Meng , Song Jipeng , Zhang Yao , Lin Wancheng , Yao Mingtao , Fan Yuyu , Ding Lixiang
Published: December 2022

Objective: To investigate the risk factors for deviation of the planned path from the actual screw path under robot-assisted posterior spine surgery and to evaluate the accuracy and safety of this technique.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of case data from October 2021 to July 2022 for spine-related disorders seen at our spine surgery center. Univariate and multifactorial analysis of potential factors for deviations between the planned and actual screw paths with robot-assisted technology was performed, and logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for suboptimal screw placement.
Results: A total of 820 screws were placed in these 145 patients, including 600 CBT screws and 220 pedicle screws. Screw accuracy was described using the modified Gertzbein-Robbins score, and the overall accuracy of screw placement (grades A and B) was 98.2%; unsatisfactory screw placement (C+D+E) was present in 15 cases (1.8%). Male (OR=3.723; 95% CI=2.215-6.259; p<0.01), right-sided screw placement (OR=4.023; 95% CI=2.477-6.532; p<0.001), larger axial plate angle (OR=1.069; 95% CI=1.043-1.095; p<0.001), thicker screw (OR=1.151; 95% CI=1.068 to 1.241; p<0.001), and larger tracer-to-surgical-segment distance (OR=0.159; 95% CI=0.088 to 0.288; p<0.001) all affected screw accuracy in robot-assistedsurgery.
Conclusion: In the operation of robot-assisted screws, CBT or pedicle screwing may not affect the accuracy of screw placement. Placing the screw on the right side, larger laminated angles, larger diameters of the screws, and distance away from the tracker are risk factors for screw deviation from the pre-planned path, which reminds us to maintain a high degree of vigilance during surgery.
Transcriptome analysis of Populus × canadensis ‘Zhongliao1’ in response to low temperature stress
Authors: yang chengchao , Li Xiaoyu , Zhang Yan , Jin Hua
Published: December 2022

Background: Low temperatures are known to limit the growth and geographical distribution of poplars. Although some transcriptomic studies have been conducted to explore the response of poplar leaves to cold stress, only a few have comprehensively analyzed the effects of low temperature on the transcriptome of poplars and identified genes related to cold stress response and repair of freeze–thaw injury.
Results: We exposed the Euramerican poplar Zhongliao1 to low temperatures; after stems were exposed to −40℃, 4℃, and 20℃, the mixture of phloem and cambium was collected for transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 29,060 genes were detected, including 28,739 known genes and 321 novel genes. Several differentially expressed genes (n = 36) were found to be involved in the Ca2+ signaling pathway, starch–sucrose metabolism pathway, abscisic acid signaling pathway, and DNA repair. They were functionally annotated; glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase and UDP glucuronosyltransferase genes, for instance, showed a close relationship with cold resistance. The expression of 11 differentially expressed genes was verified by qRT-PCR; RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data were found to be consistent, which validated the robustness of our RNA-seq findings. Finally, multiple sequence alignment and evolutionary analysis were performed, the results of which suggested a close association between several novel genes and cold resistance in Zhongliao1.
Conclusions: We believe that the cold resistance and freeze–thaw injury repair genes identified in this study are of great significance for cold tolerance breeding.
Evaluating the effectiveness of sustainable aviation in the Middle East: A study of two UAE-based carriers
Authors: Bahman Nahed , Shaker Mahmood
Published: December 2022

The Middle East aviation industry comprises 4.5 percent of the global aviation market, thanks to its strategic location between all the continents of the world and its position as a hub connecting the European and Asia-Pacific markets. The UAE is the biggest aviation market in the Middle East, with a 45 percent share of the region’s aviation sector. This study evaluates the effectiveness of sustainable aviation in the Middle East by analysing the sustainability measures and strategies of two of the UAE’s biggest carriers: Emirates Airline and Etihad Airways. Thematic analysis of the sustainability reports of the two carriers identified the environmental impacts of their operations and their measures and strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in compliance with ICAO and IATA policies and targets within the 3 pillars of sustainability: economic, social, and environmental. Emirates Airline’s reports revealed a clearly focused and ambitious drive to reduce environmental impacts using globally accepted honest and transparent accounting and reporting practices, whereas Etihad Airways’ report lacked details and did not signify a positive corporate social responsibility policy. Emirates Airline, unlike Etihad, reported on the emissions of NOx, CO, and UHCs below 3,000 feet, using ICAO’s landing/take-off (LTO) cycle. Also, Emirates Airline completed its first Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) emissions report for 2019 and was finalising the audited report for 2020, while Etihad Airways will be obliged to purchase carbon credits to offset post-2020 absolute emissions, if it fails to meet targets for the voluntary pilot phase beginning in 2021. Finally, Etihad introduced sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from various sources into its energy mix, and Emirates reported aircraft fuel consumption, fuel efficiency and CO2 efficiency due to increased use of SAF. The study concludes that, despite the strategies and measures reported, the chances that both airlines would achieve 2050 net zero emissions target remain slim.
Potential toxic elements (PTEs) in costal sediment of the Persian Gulf: A systematic review-meta-analysis, non-dietary risk Assessment and ecological risk assessment
Authors: Hui Xiaomei , Asadi Amir Mohammad Sheikh , Fakhri Yadolah , Mehri Fereshteh , Limam Intissar , Thai Van Nam
Published: December 2022

Chemical pollution in the Persian Gulf has become an important health concern in recent decades. This investigation aimed to meta-analyses of potential toxic elements (PTEs) including lead (Pb), inorganic Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni) and Mercury (Hg) in the coastal sediment of the Persian Gulf. In this study, an attempt was made to retrieve papers conducted on the concentration of PTEs in the coastal sediment of the Persian Gulf by searching in international databases including Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and PubMed. Meta-analysis concentration of PTEs in the coastal sediment of the Persian Gulf was conducted using random effects model based on the country subgroup. Additionally, non-dietary risk assessment including non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact routes and ecological risk assessment was estimated. Seventy-eight papers with 81 data-reports (1650 sample size) were included in our meta-analysis. The rank order of heavy metals in coastal sediment of the Persian Gulf based on pooled concentration was Ni (65.44 mg/kg) > Pb (58.35 mg/kg) > As (23.78 mg/kg) > Cd (1.75 mg/kg) > Hg (0.77 mg/kg). The highest concentration of As, Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg was observed in the coastal sediment of Saudi Arabia, Arab Emirates, Qatar, Iran and Saudi Arabia, respectively. Although the Igeo index in coastal sediment of the Persian gulf was in Grade 1 (Uncontaminated) and grade 2 (slightly contaminated) but total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) of adults due to As and Cd and Adolescent due to As, Cd, Pb and Niwas higher than 1 value In Iran, In Saudi Arabic, TTHQ of adults due to As and Cd and adolescent due to As and Cd was higher than 1 value, In United Arab Emirates, TTHQ of adults due to Cd and Adolescents due to As, Cd and Pb were higher than 1 value and In Qatar, TTHQ of adults age group due to Pb and adolescent age group due to Pb was higher than 1 value. Total cancer risk (TCR) for adults and adolescent due to As was higher than 1E-6 in Iran, United Arab Emirates and Qatar but TCR for adolescents due to As was higher than 1E-6 in Saudi Arabic. Therefore, it is recommended to monitor the concentration of PTEs and implementation of programs to reduce the emission of PTEs from resources in the Persian Gulf.
Desorption and degradation of fenobucarb in paddy soil with the presence of pH, dissolved organic carbon, and sodium dodecyl sulphate in water
Authors: Trinh Ha Thu , Le Giang Truong , Dao Yen Hai , Duong Hanh Thi , Dang Mai Thi , Strobel Bjarne W.
Published: December 2022

The presence of pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in irrigation water for rice fields enhanced the release and biodegradation of fenobucarb in the soil-water system, contributing to the diminishing of fenobucarb and 2-sec-butylphenol in the soil and drain water. The fenobucarb-spiked soil was amended with pH 7, pH 9, 25 mg L− 1 DOC, and 1 critical micelle (2.4 g L− 1) SDS solutions, and the residual fenobucarb and 2-sec-butyl phenol were analysed in water and soil after each decomposition period. The disappearance of fenobucarb and the appearance of 2-sec-butylphenol were the result of biodegradation and hydrolysis, and these processes were influenced by the presence in the order of pH 9, DOC, pH 7, and SDS. In the presence of SDS in the solution, the desorption and biodegradation processes simultaneously affected the degradation of fenobucarb in the soil. However, fenobucarb biodegradation was inhibited, probably because of the preferential utilisation of SDS by fenobucarb degraders.
Justification of Unnecessary Pediatric Computed Tomography Examinations
Authors: Dellie *Seife Teferi , Nejmu Abduljelil , Kebede Tesfaye , Gorfu Yocabel
Published: December 2022

Background
The clinical value of computed tomography imaging for the diagnosis of pediatric disease is unquestionable. However, Inappropriate or unskilled use may result in unnecessary exposures. Hence, a computed tomography involving the exposure of a patient to ionizing radiation must be both justified and optimized.
Objective
The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the revalue of applying justification to Computed Tomography requests in avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure in pediatric patients.
Methods
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at three government hospitals from March 2018 to July 2018 G.C. All pediatric patients who were ≤ 15 years years of age with available CT request forms were evaluated for justification of radiation doses. Data were recorded by using structured format. The collected data were checked for completeness, edited, coded, and entered into Social Science (SPSS) version 25 software for data analysis.
Results
out of 381 pediatric patients sent for computed Tomography imaging. Seventeen (17) request forms had more than one anatomical region. Therefore, a total of 398 distinct anatomical CT requests were received. Of these, 225 (59.1%) were males and 156(40.9%) were females. A review of previous studies was sufficient to provide needed information in 23 (6%) cases. In 21 (5.5%) patients magnetic resonance imaging was recommended instead of computed Tomography. 20.7% of pediatric patients (79 out of 381 patients) were protected from unnecessary radiation exposure by using principle of justification
Conclusions
Our research demonstrates that a significant amount of unnecessary radiation exposure can be reduced from paediatric patients using principle of justification
Intravascular leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension a “vessel within a vessel”
Authors: Garcés Juan , Camacho Fernando Terán , Dávalos Gerardo Dávalos , León Sofia Zárate , Armendariz Ligia Redrobán , Solórzano Vladimir Ullauri , Endara Santiago , Molina Gabriel A.
Published: December 2022

Background
Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a histologically benign smooth muscle tumor arising from the uterus that can spread through the pelvic veins and can extend as far as the heart via the inferior vena cava. IVL is an extremely rare phenomenon, especially when the heart is involved. However, despite its benign characteristics, it can behave like a malignant tumor leading to significant morbidity and even mortality if left untreated.
Case presentation
The patient is a 42-year-old woman with a past medical history of uterine leiomyomas. Recently she developed heavy bleeding and frequent spotting; therefore consulted with her gynecologist. After further evaluation, a mass within the uterus that expanded into the pelvic veins, inferior vena cava, and right atrium was discovered.
After the complete removal of the mass, the patient underwent full recovery. IVL with cardiac extension was the final diagnosis.
Conclusion
Although IVL is rare, it must be considered in women who underwent previous hysterectomies or myomectomies and presented with pelvic masses or symptoms of right heart failure. The ideal treatment will require the joint efforts of a complete multidisciplinary team, the patient's symptoms, previous operative history, the tumor's extension, and resectability.
CMOS-compatible Ising and Potts Annealing Using Single
Photon Avalanche Diodes
Authors: Whitehead William , Nelson Zachary , Camsari Kerem , Theogarajan Luke
Published: December 2022

Massively parallel annealing processors may offer superior performance for a wide range of sampling and optimization problems. A key component dictating the size of these processors is the neuron update circuit, ideally implemented using special stochastic nanodevices. We leverage photon statistics using single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and temporal filtering to generate stochastic states. This method is a powerful alternative offering unique features not currently seen in annealing processors: the ability to continuously control the computational temperature and the seamless extension to the Potts model, a n-state generalization of the two-state Ising model. SPADs also offer a considerable practical advantage since they are readily manufacturable in current standard CMOS processes. As a first step towards realizing a CMOS SPAD-based annealer, we have designed Ising and Potts models driven by an array of discrete SPADs and show they accurately sample from their theoretical distributions.
GHB Toxicokinetics and Renal Monocarboxylate Transporter Expression are Influenced by the Estrus Cycle in Rats
Authors: Wei Hao , Cao Jieyun , Fallert Tyler , Yeo Su , Felmlee Melanie A.
Published: December 2022

Background: The illicit use and abuse of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) occurs due to its sedative/hypnotic and euphoric effects. Currently, there are no clinically available therapies to treat GHB overdose, and care focuses on symptom treatment until the drug is eliminated from the body. Proton- and sodium-dependent monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs (SLC16A) and SMCTs (SLC5A)) transport and mediate the renal clearance and distribution of GHB. Previously, it has been shown that MCT expression is regulated by sex hormones in the liver, skeletal muscle and Sertoli cells. The focus of the current study is to evaluate GHB toxicokinetics and renal monocarboxylate transporter expression over the estrus cycle in females, and in the absence of male and female sex hormones.
Methods: GHB toxicokinetics and renal transporter expression of MCT1, SMCT1 and CD147 were evaluated were evaluated in females over the estrus cycle, and in ovariectomized (OVX) female, male and castrated (CST) male rats. GHB was administered iv bolus (600 and 1000 mg/kg) and plasma and urine samples were collected for six hours post-dose. GHB concentrations were quantified using a validated LC/MS/MS assay. Transporter mRNA and protein expression was quantified by qPCR and western blot.
Results: GHB renal clearance and AUC varied between sexes and over the estrus cycle in females with higher renal clearance and a lower AUC in proestrus females as compared to males (intact and CST), and OVX females. We demonstrated that renal MCT1 membrane expression varies over the estrus cycle, with the lowest expression observed in proestrus females, which is consistent with the observed changes in GHB renal clearance.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that females may be less susceptible to GHB-induced toxicity due to decreased exposure resulting from increased renal clearance, as a result of decreased renal MCT1 expression.
Ear and hearing care programs for First Nations children: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Nash Kai , Macniven Rona Rona , Clague Liesa , Coates Harvey , Fitzpatrick Mark , Gunasekera Hasantha , Gwynne Kylie , Halvorsen Luke , Harkus Samantha , Holt Leanne , Lumby Noeleen , Neal Katie , Orr Neil , Pellicano Elizabeth , Rambaldini Boe , McMahon Catherine
Published: December 2022

Background
Ear and hearing care programs are critical to early detection and management of otitis media which disproportionately impacts First Nations children, affecting speech and language development, social and cognitive development and, in turn, education and life outcomes. This review aimed to identify ear and hearing care programs to chart program approaches, sustainability, and areas focus across the care pathway.
Method
A systematic search was conducted using Medline, Embase, Global Health, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Academic Search Premier. Search terms included First Nations children, ear and hearing care, and health programs, initiatives, campaigns, and services.
Results
Twenty-seven articles met the criteria to be included in the review and described total of twenty-one ear and hearing care programs. Programs focussed on connecting patients to specialist services, ensuring cultural safety of services, and increasing entry into ear and hearing care pathways.
Conclusion
The majority of programs focus on detection of otitis media and hearing loss, however gaps remain within and across the care pathway which continue to create system fragmentation. Cultural safety is often considered a priority, yet engagement in programs is primarily taking place at an operational level. Programs should ensure that cultural engagement takes place at all stages of program design, operation, and evaluation. The majority of studies (and programs) do not report outcome measures, but rather short-term outputs as indicators for program success limiting an understanding of their effectiveness at mitigating longer-term impacts of middle ear disease and hearing loss. Factors relating to program sustainability include government funding and Indigenous Health Worker or community involvement which is not always considered at a program design stage.
Neurometabolic changes in a rat pup model of type C Hepatic Encephalopathy depend on age of liver disease onset
Authors: Simicic Dunja , Rackayova Veronika , Braissant Olivier , Toso Christian , Oldani Graziano , Sessa Dario , McLin Valérie , Cudalbu Cristina
Published: December 2022

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a serious condition where various toxins present in the blood affect the brain leading to type C hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Both adults and children are impacted, while children may display unique vulnerabilities depending on the affected window of brain development. We aimed to use the advantages of high field 1H MRS to study longitudinally the neurometabolic and behavioural effects of Bile Duct Ligation (animal model of CLD-induced type C HE) on rats at post-natal day 15 (p15) to get closer to neonatal onset liver disease. Furthermore, we compared two sets of animals (p15 and p21-previously published) to evaluate whether the brain responds differently to CLD according to age onset. We showed for the first time that when CLD was acquired at p15, the rats presented the typical signs of CLD, i.e. rise in plasma bilirubin and ammonium, and developed the characteristic brain metabolic changes associated with type C HE (e.g. Gln increase and osmolytes decrease). When compared to rats that acquired CLD at p21, p15 rats did not show any significant difference in plasma biochemistry, but displayed a delayed increase in brain Gln and decrease in tCho. The changes in neurotransmitters were milder than in p21 rats. Moreover, p15 rats showed an earlier increase in brain Lac and a different antioxidant response. These findings offer tentative pointers as to which neurodevelopmental processes may be impacted and raise the question of whether similar changes might exist in humans but are missed owing to 1H MRS methodological limitations in field strength of clinical magnet.
Is radioiodine ablation with 30 mCi 131I necessary in low-risk thyroid cancer patients? Results from a long-term follow-up prospective study.
Authors: Ilera Veronica , Califano Inés , Cavallo Andrea , Faure Eduardo , Vázquez Adriana , Pitoia Fabián
Published: December 2022

In patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), remnant ablation with radioiodine (RA) after total thyroidectomy (TT) is controversial. No benefits have been demonstrated in terms of mortality or disease-free survival. Recent evidence found that RA did not improve mid-term outcomes.
Purpose: to evaluate initial response to treatment and long-term follow-up status in low-risk DTC patients after TT vs. TT+RA.
Methods: prospective multicenter non-randomized study; 174 low-risk DTC that underwent TT were recruited and were divided in two groups according to RA (87 ablated and 87 non-ablated). Response to treatment was evaluated between 6-18 months after thyroidectomy and at the end of follow-up with thyroglobulin, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies levels and neck ultrasonography.
Results: baseline characteristics of both groups were similar. Ablated patients: median age 45.5 years, 84% females, 95.4% papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), mean tumor size 16mm; non-ablated: median age 45 years, 88.5% females, 96.6% PTC, mean tumor size 14 mm. Response to initial treatment was similar between both groups, with less than 2% of structural incomplete response. Final status was evaluated in 139 cases after a median follow-up of 60 months. Among ablated patients, 82.8% had no evidence of disease (NED), 12% had an indeterminate response (IR) and 5% a biochemical incomplete response (BIR). Non-ablated patients had NED in 90%, IR in 8.7% and BIR in 1.2%. No statistical difference was found between groups (p=0.29). No patient had evidence of structural disease at the end of follow-up.
Conclusions:our findings support the recommendation against routine RA in low-risk DTC patients.
The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Access to Reproductive Health and Family Planning Services in Egypt: An exploratory study
Authors: Tawab Nahla Abdel , Tayel Salma A. , Radwan Sally M. , Ramy Mohamed A.
Published: December 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been noted to decrease access to reproductive health / family planning (RH/FP) services globally. We qualitatively explored women’s experiences in accessing RH/FP services during the COVID-19 lockdown months in Egypt.
Methods
Using semi-structured interviews, a total of 40 women in the Port Said and Souhag governorates were asked about (1) the initial provider they sought services from before COVID-19 lockdown, (2) challenges in accessing that provider as a result of COVID-19, (3) adaptations that women or their families made as a result of those challenges, and (4) the impact of challenges or adaptations on women and their families.
Results
Many women were unable to access SRH/FP services during COVID-19 lockdown. Main challenges were fear of contracting the virus, closure of health facilities, changing service hours, FP method or drug stock-outs, and/or financial constraints due to job losses or increased costs of services. Women and their families used several coping strategies to overcome the above challenges such as seeking services at private facilities or skipping doctor’s visits. Coping strategies that some women used to address these challenges exposed them to additional health risks, including unintended pregnancies, and posed several social, emotional, and financial burdens to many.
Conclusions
COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures undermined women’s access to RH / FP services and interfered with their ability to achieve their reproductive goals. This paper highlights a number of recommendations that can be utilized in times of crisis in order to ensure proper access and utilization of RH/FP services.
Monoclonal antibody-based icELISA for monitoring fenpyroximate in citrus and apple samples
Authors: Peng Yilin , Jin Yaqi , Sun Di , Jin Zihui , Zhao Qiyang , He Yue , Jiao Bining , Cui Yongliang , Zhang Yaohai
Published: December 2022

Fenpyroximate is a systemic phenoxy pyrazole acaricide applied worldwide to prevent and control various phytophagous mites and has the highest activity against young mites. To identify its residues in foods, four haptens of fenpyroximate were designed and an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) based on monoclonal antibodies (2G4C7) was developed. The assay had a working range of 4.77-187.28 ng/mL and a median inhibition concentration (IC50) of 30.92 ng/mL. It showed the average recovery of 73.3%-119.1% in citrus and apple samples. The icELISA and UPLC-MS/MS test results for samples of various citrus cultivars are remarkably consistent. These results and data represent the icELISA is suitable and applicable for detecting fenpyroximate residuals in fruit and vegetable samples.
Estimation of Dye Concentration by using Kubelka-Munk and Allen-Goldfinger Reflective Models: Comparing the performance
Authors: Safi Mahdi , Amirshahi Seyed Hossein
Published: December 2022

The problem of primary interest in quantitative analysis of a dye bath or a dyed sample of textile is to determine the concentration with a minimum percentage error. The present study describes the applicability of two reflective models i.e. the Kubelka-Munk and the Allen-Goldfinger here called Geometry, to estimate the concentration of dye from the reflectance data. The performance of the Geometry model in predicting the spectral reflectance factor of dyed polyamide fibers is evaluated by the determination of the unit k/s and the Beer-Lambert absorption extinction coefficient. To examine the models, a reflectance dataset is created by dyeing nylon 6 fabrics with four different acid dyes. The results show that the replacement of the unit k/s for the Beer-Lambert absorption coefficient in the Geometry model causes lower error in the prediction of the spectral reflectance factor. However, it is shown that this model, does not lead to better results. Consequently, the Kubelka-Munk model is still found as the most reliable method while benefiting from more simplicity in comparison to the Geometry model. The analysis of errors shows that the results deeply depend on different factors such as the range of applied concentrations as well as the spectral adsorption behaviors of dyes.
Design, operation and strengthening of health practitioner regulation systems: A rapid integrative review
Authors: Leslie Kathleen , Bourgeault Ivy Lynn , Carlton Anne-Louise , Balasubramanian Madhan , Mirshahi Raha , Short Stephanie , Carè Jenny , Cometto Giorgio , Lin Vivian
Published: December 2022

Background: In addition to promoting patient safety, health practitioner regulation (HPR) systems are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in supporting health workforce availability, accessibility, quality, and sustainability. This review aimed to identify the evidence on the design, delivery and effectiveness of HPR systems to inform policy decisions by policymakers and regulators.
Methods: A rapid review approach was adopted to conduct an integrative analysis of literature published between 2010 and 2021. Fourteen databases were searched according to a standardized strategy. Data were extracted and synthesized through an integrative approach and categorized according to a modified Donabedian framework.
Results We identified 410 academic and 426 grey literature sources. Key themes included HPR structures (regulatory governance systems, regulatory institutions, and system linkages), processes (registration and monitoring of continuing competence of practitioners, accreditation of entry-to-practice education programs, regulating scopes of practice, managing complaints and discipline, and regulating traditional and complementary medicine) and outcomes (impact of HPR structures and processes on health system and workforce outcomes). More evidence was found on HPR structures and processes than outcomes, though over 99% of studies were descriptive (and evidence, accordingly, of very low certainty). Synthesis was constrained by the lack of common terminology.
Discussion: Trends on regulatory structures and processes emerged from this analysis. The evidence base limitations, particularly on HPR outcomes, warrant caution in the interpretation, generalizability, and applicability of these findings. Standardized terminology and more evidence on regulatory outcomes (on both workforce and health systems) could inform decisions on regulatory design and implementation.
A Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Model Based on Chemosensitivity Predicts the Outcome of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wang Yuhua , Zhang Yifan , Li Dingxi , Wang Li
Published: December 2022

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological tumor. Chemotherapy resistance is a significant factor in the treatment and prognosis of ovarian cancer (OC). Compelling evidence indicates that changes in tumor immune microenvironmental are crucial to chemotherapy responses. Here, we aimed to construct an immune-related gene pairs classifier base on the chemosensitivity status of OC.
Methods:
Gene expression and clinical data collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were to screen immune- and chemosensitivity-related genes. By univariate analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox analysis, gene pairs associated with prognosis were identified from the intersection of the two parts of the genes. The prognostic signature was constructed by multivariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the predictive validity of the risk model in independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. A nomogram containing the risk signature and clinical characters was constructed. Besides, we appraised the forecasting capability of prognostic signature in clinicopathological features, immune landscape, gene mutation, the efficacy of immunotherapy, and drug sensitivity. The potential molecular mechanism of the signature was investigated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).
Results: The prognostic signature consisting of eleven chemosensitivity- and immune-related gene pairs was constructed in our study. The risk score, age, and chemosensitivity could be independent predictors for overall survival (OS). Nomogram and ROC curves demonstrate the importance of risk score and provide personal mortality risk prediction at different time points. The calibration plot shows the reliability of the nomogram. In addition, patients in the high-risk group had a lower IC50 for several common agents. In terms of the immune microenvironment, we found that B cells memory, T cells CD4 memory activated, and dendritic cells activated higher degree of infiltration in the low-risk group whereas it was the opposite for T cells CD4 naive, T cells CD4 memory resting, and M2 macrophages. Patients with high-risk scores had elevated expression of immune checkpoint genes, speculating that these patients may be more suitable for immunotherapy. Function analysis also confirmed our findings that the risk model may provide new targets for precision immunotherapy.
Conclusions: Our study developed a chemosensitivity- and immune-related prognostic model to predict the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients, providing new sights in optimizing patient selection to improve future outcomes.
An Ultra-rapid and Green Method for Simultaneous Determination of Honokiol and Magnolol in Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex with One Standard by HPLC-UV at Equal Absorption Wavelength
Authors: Qian Zhengming , Chen Jing , Lei Qinggui , Tan Guoying , Zou Yuansheng , Peng Gang , Li Wenqing , Xie Juying
Published: December 2022

An ultra-rapid and green assay method for simultaneous determination of honokiol and magnolol in Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex with one standard was developed by HPLC-UV at equal absorption wavelength. The sample was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion. The HPLC separation was performed on a Poroshell C18 column with an eco-friendly mobile phase. The detection wavelength was set at the equal absolution wavelength of honokiol and magnolol (247 nm). The contents of honokiol and magnolol in six batches of samples, obtained by developed method with one marker and external standard method with two markers, were comparable. In addition, the developed HPLC method only took 2.5 min and 4.55 mL green organic solution (ethanol), which including the sample extraction and separation. The developed method was rapid, green and standard saving, which would be helpful to improve the quality evaluation of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex.
Identify the key ecosystem service providing areas for climate change adaptation in a low mountain region of Germany
Authors: Al-Qubati Abdulhakeem , Zhang Lulu , Pyarali Karim
Published: December 2022

The frequency of extreme weather events has increased in the latest years. The recent droughts in Europe caused severe damage in many sectors and underlined the need for adaptation. This paper aims to support decision-making for climate adaptation in a low-mountainous region of central Germany by identifying the areas and ecosystems that are susceptible and significantly impacted by droughts. We analysed temperature and precipitation trends and drought conditions in the Weisse Elster watershed. The temperature increased on both seasonal and annual scales, while precipitation decreased in some areas in the summertime and increased in the wintertime and annual scale. The standardised precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) showed worsening drought conditions, especially after the late 1980s. Applying an ecosystem services (ES) model, the response of two key ES (surface water provision and carbon sequestration) to droughts is estimated. To identify the vulnerable areas and ecosystems to droughts, the simulated spatially averaged water yield, net ecosystem productivity (NEP), and soil moisture are compared for the five worst droughts with long-term averages. Droughts caused a reduction of water yield by 54%, NEP by 18% and upper zone soil moisture by 13%. The impacts varied spatially, with the central region being worst affected while the southern region was relatively more resilient. There is an urgent need for adaptation measures to reduce the risks of droughts and enhance climate resilience. Suggestions are proposed for the adaptation of the agriculture and forest sectors.
SNHG18 inhibits bladder cancer cell proliferation by increasing p21 transcription through destabilizing c-Myc protein
Authors: Ke Meixia , Sun Ning , Lin Zhenni , Zhang Peipei , Hu Yan , Wu Shuilian , Zheng Zhijian , Lu Yongyong , Jin Honglei Jin
Published: December 2022

Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to play important roles in various cancers including bladder cancer (BC). The precise expression pattern of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 (SNHG18) in BC and its mechanisms of action have not been fully explored. Materials and methods The expression of SNHG18 was evaluated by RT-qPCR in bladder cancer clinical samples and human bladder cancer cell lines, and stable cell lines overexpressing SNHG18 were constructed. The effect of SNHG18 on the proliferation of bladder cancer cells was detected by soft agar colony formation test, ATP activity test and subcutaneous tumorigenesis model in nude mice. The specific mechanism of SNHG18 inhibition of bladder cancer proliferation was studied by flow cytometry, western blotting, dual luciferase reporter gene assay and protein degradation assay. Results We found that SNHG18 is significantly downregulated in BC tissues and cell lines. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that SNHG18 expression is positively correlated with survival in BC patients. Ectopic overexpression of SNHG18 significantly inhibited the proliferation of BC cells in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that SNHG18 inhibited c-Myc expression by modulating the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway and that c-Myc is the critical transcription factor that mediates SNHG18 inhibition of BC growth by directly binding to the p21 promoter, which was attributed with significant p21 accumulation. Conclusions SNHG18 promotes the transcription and expression of p21 by inhibiting c-Myc expression, leading to G0-G1 arrest and inhibiting the proliferation of bladder cancer cells. These findings highlight a novel cell cycle regulatory mechanism involving the SNHG18/c-Myc/p21 pathway in BC pathogenesis and could potentially lead to new lncRNA-based diagnostics and/or therapeutics for BC.
Predicting incidence density of COVID-19 rebound using tree-based machine learning algorithms
Authors: Liang Zhuoshuai , Tian Yuyang , Wang Yujian , Zhao Jiahui , Guo Ruifang , Qiu Xinwei , Lan Jia , Sun Xiaoyue , Liu Yawen , Liu Siyu
Published: December 2022

Introduction: A series of strategies adopted by the Chinese government can indeed control the COVID-19 epidemic, but they can also cause negative impact on people's mental health and economic incomes. How to balance the relationship between epidemic prevention and social development is an urgent topic for current research.
Methods: We included 122 rebound events involved 96 cities caused by Delta variant from May 21, 2021 to February 23, 2022 and corresponding 32 social environmental factors. Principal Component Analysis and K-Means were used for dimensionality reduction. Conventional logistic regression model, Random Forest model, and extreme Gradient Boosting model were used to model the factors for incidence density.
Results: A total of 96 cities were clustered into six categories. Cities with the number of cases or incidence density above the median are concentrated in cluster 1 and cluster 6. We selected “older”, “urbanratio”, “unemploy”, “serve”, and “air” as the optimal features, and constructed three concise models. The three models showed good discriminatory powers with AUCs of 0.666, 0.795, and 0.747.
Conclusion: Based on available public data, high prediction accuracy of the incidence density of COVID‐19 rebound can be achieved by machine learning methods. Developed level of cities may confer the rebound of COVID-19.
A New, Alternative Risk Score for Sarcopenia in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: He Qinghua , Wang Xiuzhi , Yang Caizhe , Zhuang Xiaoming , Yue Yanfen , Jing Hongjiang , Hu Jing , Sun Mingxiao , Guo Lixin
Published: December 2022

Objective: To develop a new, alternative sarcopenia risk score to screen for sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes patients in China and to demonstrate its validity.
Research design and methods: The data for this study came from a multicenter, cross-sectional study that had been designed to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia among adults with type 2 diabetes and had been conducted in several hospitals in Beijing, China. A total of 1125 participants were randomly divided into two groups: an exploratory population and a validation population. A multivariable logistic regression model using the backward stepwise likelihood ratio method to estimate the probability of sarcopenia was fitted with candidate variables in the exploratory population. A new, alternative sarcopenia risk score was developed based on the multivariable model. The internal and external validations were performed in the exploratory and validation populations. The study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-EOC-15006901).
Results: The new, alternative sarcopenia risk score included seven variables: age, sex, BMI, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin treatment or not, total caloric intake per day, and the proportion of calorie supplied by protein. The score ranged from -9 to 23. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the risk score for the prediction of sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes patients was 0.812 (95% CI 0.748–0.877) and 0.841 (95% CI 0.785–0.897) in the exploratory and validation populations, respectively. At the optimal cutoff value of 11, the sensitivity and specificity of the score for the prediction of sarcopenia were 74.5% and 78.0% in the exploratory population and 80.5% and 72.2% in the validation population, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed a good calibration with the risk score in external validation (χ2=1.687, P=0.989).
Conclusions: The new, alternative sarcopenia risk score appears to be an effective screening tool for the identification of sarcopenia in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes in clinical practice.
Contextual barriers in effective interpersonal communication with patients: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Singhal Rameshwari , Dean Anil Chandra , Dubey Samiksha , Rastogi Pavitra , Lal Nand
Published: December 2022

Purpose-
Competence building in interpersonal communication between doctor and patients requires a deep understanding of the factors influencing their interaction. These factors are contextual and specific for individual clinical set-ups. The study explored these contextual factors from multi-source perspectives and analyzed the perceived barriers to interpersonal communication for formulating a training module for undergraduate doctor trainees/students.
Method-
Qualitative analysis using hermeneutic phenomenology was done from June 2018– February 2019 for patient’s semi-structured interviews (n=16); interns (n=15) and faculty (n=14) unstructured focus group. Three independent authors transcribed the data, derived codes and themes individually, and then collated and reflected on them to draw conclusions. Different collection methods, multisource perspectives, and multilevel analysis provided for triangulation and validation of the study results.
Results-
Seven inter-dependent barriers to interpersonal communication between students and patients were identified from this study’s multi-source feedback. They were time constraints, lack of trust and respect, cultural diversity, loco-regional linguistic differences, lack of empathy, illiteracy, and financial constraints. The authors felt that addressing these factors in training modules of communication skills would prepare undergraduate students towards patient-centered care and partnership.
Conclusions-
Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that every clinical microsystem has a unique set of barriers preventing interpersonal communication. Before preparing teaching modules for undergraduate students, it was necessary to explore these contextual barriers and address them towards the creation of a graduate competent in patient-centered interpersonal communication.