bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 13, No. 2
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: January 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2020
The Effects of Fuel Prices, Environmental Regulations, and Other Factors on U.S. Coal Production, 2008-2016
Authors: Coglianese John , Gerarden Todd D. , Stock James H.
Published: January 2020

We decompose the decline in coal production from 2008 to 2016 into the contributions of several sources. In particular, we estimate the effects of declining natural gas prices and the introduction of new environmental regulations along with several other factors, using both monthly state-level data and annual information on coal plant closings. We estimate that the declining price of natural gas relative to coal is responsible for 92 percent of the total decline in coal production over this period and that environmental regulations account for an additional six percent, with other factors making small and offsetting contributions.
Consumer Inattention, Heuristic Thinking and the Role of Energy Labels
Authors: Andor Mark A. , Gerster Andreas , Sommer Stephan
Published: January 2020

Energy labels have been introduced in many countries to increase consumers’ attention to energy use in purchase decisions of durables. In a stated-choice experiment among about 5,000 German households, we implement randomized information treatments to explore how energy labels influence purchasing decisions.

Our results show that adding annual operating cost information to the EU energy label promotes the choice of energy-efficient durables. In addition, we find that a majority of participants value efficiency classes beyond the economic value of the underlying energy use differences. Our results further indicate that displaying operating cost affects choices through two distinct channels: It increases the attention to operating cost and reduces the valuation of efficiency class differences.
Did U.S. Consumers Respond to the 2014-2015 Oil Price Shock? Evidence from the Consumer Expenditure Survey
Authors: Alexander Patrick , Poirier Louis
Published: January 2020

The impact of oil price shocks on the U.S. economy is a topic of considerable debate. In this paper, we examine the response of U.S. consumers to the 2014-2015 negative oil price shock using representative survey data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey. We propose a difference-in-difference identification strategy based on two factors, vehicle ownership and gasoline reliance, which generate variation in exposure to oil price shocks across consumers. Our findings suggest that exposed consumers significantly increased their spending relative to non-ex-posed consumers when oil prices fell, and that the average marginal propensity to consume (MPC) out of gasoline savings was above 1. Across products, we find that consumers increased spending especially on transportation goods and non-essential items.
Rozwiązania projektowo-techniczne
1. etapu realizacji Kampusu LPP Fashion Lab
Authors: Pachowski Piotr
Published: January 2020

W artykule omówiono rozwiązania
techniczne związane z projektem i budową
budynku biurowego w Gdańsku. Przedstawiono
problemy związane z głębokim posadowieniem
na terenie zagrożonym podtopieniami,
wymagającym wykonania poziomej przesłony
przeciwfiltracyjnej połączonej z obudową ścianami
szczelinowymi. Opisano sposób modularnego
kształtowania konstrukcji z betonu architektonicznego
i dochodzenia do efektu metodą
prób na budynku wzorcowym (mock-up).
W rozwiązaniach projektowych znalazły się
nietypowe stropy monolityczne z zatopionym
układem chłodzącym BKT i wbudowanymi
profilami stalowymi dla podwieszenia oświetlenia
oraz dach szedowy, indywidualizujący
charakter budynku.
Effect of estrogens and their metabolites genotoxicity on the pathogenesis and progression of estrogen-dependent breast cancer
Authors: Sawicka Ewa , Woźniak Arkadiusz , Drąg-Zalesińska Małgorzata , Piwowar Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

Oncological diseases, due to the still increasing morbidity and mortality, are one of the main problems of modern medicine. Cancer of the mammary gland is the most common cancer among women around the world, and is the second cause of cancer deaths in this group, immediately after lung cancer. This kind of cancer belongs to an estrogen-dependent cancer, with proven associations with hormonal disorders in the body, occurring especially in the perimenopausal period and among women using hormone replacement therapy, as well as a result of the action of various xenobiotics that may interact with the estrogen receptor. Hormone steroids are widely used in medicine and their side effects are constantly discussed. The role of these compounds and their metabolites in maintaining hormonal balance is well understood, while many studies indicate the possible contribution of these steroids in the progression of the cancer process, especially in mammary gland tissue. Therefore, the genotoxic action of this group of compounds is still studied. Due to the limited number of scientific reports, the aim of this paper was to review and critically analyze data from the literature regarding the participation of estrogens (17β-estradiol) and their metabolites (2-methoxy estradiol, 4-hydroxy estradiol, 16α-hydroxyestrone) in the induction of carcinogenesis in mammary gland, in particular concerning the genotoxic activity of 17β-estradiol metabolites.
Exploring the importance of coaches in the development of the sports career in Handball. The perception of athletes from higher and lower levels of success.
Authors: Silva Aldina Sofia , Barreiros André , Fonseca António Manuel
Published: January 2020

Our study aims to analyse the perception of elite handball players, belonging to generations with different levels of success, on: i) how they characterize their most important club and national team coach; ii) how they characterize their preferential coach in the different stages of their sports career (Bloom, 1985).Fourteen athletes were interviewed based on the interview protocol of Gould, Dieffenbach and Moffett (2002). In the specialization years, the most successful athletes reported that they had one coach in the club, and at the same time a national team coach, that permanently marked their sports career and their personality.All athletes reported that detailed knowledge about the sport was the most important characteristic of their most important club and national team coaches, throughout the specialization years in addition to a strong insistence on perfection. According to the perception of the most successful athletes, their reference coaches taught directly and indirectly (caring, paying attention, shaping the personality) and also emphasized expectations, hard work, discipline and the attitude that hard work pays off. In addition, both club and national team coaches devoted their time to the planning of individualized training programs, particularly in the specializations years.

Our study aims to analyse the perception of elite handball players, belonging to generations with different levels of success, on: i) how they characterize their most important club and national team coach; ii) how they characterize their preferential coach in the different stages of their sports career (Bloom, 1985).Fourteen athletes were interviewed based on the interview protocol of Gould, Dieffenbach and Moffett (2002). In the specialization years, the most successful athletes reported that they had one coach in the club, and at the same time a national team coach, that permanently marked their sports career and their personality.All athletes reported that detailed knowledge about the sport was the most important characteristic of their most important club and national team coaches, throughout the specialization years in addition to a strong insistence on perfection. According to the perception of the most successful athletes, their reference coaches taught directly and indirectly (caring, paying attention, shaping the personality) and also emphasized expectations, hard work, discipline and the attitude that hard work pays off. In addition, both club and national team coaches devoted their time to the planning of individualized training programs, particularly in the specializations years.
Construcción y validación de un instrumento para el análisis de la formación deportiva en voleibol
Authors: Collet Carine , Nascimento Juarez Vieira do , Folle Alexandra , Ibáñez Sergio José
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue construir y verificar la validez de contenido y la fiabilidad del Instrumento de Análisis de la Formación Deportiva en Voleibol (IAFDV). Participaron en el proceso de validez de contenido 12 jueces expertos que cumplieron los criterios de selección. Para verificar la fiabilidad (estabilidad y consistencia interna) participaron 15 jugadores de categorías de formación de voleibol. La validez de contenido se analizaró a partir de la V Aiken, la estabilidad del instrumento se analizaró a través del Coeficiente de Spearman y la consistencia interna mediante el coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto los altos índices de validez de contenido ( ,91) y fiabilidad del instrumento, teniendo en cuenta que 77 de los 78 ítems presentaron una correlación significativa (p < ,05) y alta consistencia interna (α > ,70). Así, se considera que el cuestionario es adecuado y tiene validez y fiabilidad satisfactorios para medir el proceso de formación deportiva de los jugadores de voleibol.
Self-efficacy in volleyball: What has been evaluated? A systematic review
Authors: Machado Thais do Amaral , Balaguer Isabel , Paes Mayara Juliana , Jungles Fernandes Gabriel , Facco Stefanello Joice Mara
Published: January 2020

Self-efficacy in sport has been the purpose of study in different modalities, among them the volleyball. The aim of the study was to verify by means of a systematic review what has been evaluated volleyball self-efficacy. The databases APA, Bireme, Eric, Science Direct, Pubmed and Scopus were used to carry out the searches. After the research, the articles were selected, using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 7 articles by the theme. The result points a absence of clarity in the instruments for assessing self-efficacy in volleyball with respect to what they intend to measure in relation to technical, tactical, physical or psychological attributes. In addition, few articles have pointed the psychometric properties of the instruments used in the research, which implies, in practical terms, inaccurate results, hindering the reproducibility of the studies. Therefore, it is suggested that specific instruments for the modality should be developed which present the statistical procedures used in order to obtain reliable results.

Self-efficacy in sport has been the purpose of study in different modalities, among them the volleyball. The aim of the study was to verify by means of a systematic review what has been evaluated volleyball self-efficacy. The databases APA, Bireme, Eric, Science Direct, Pubmed and Scopus were used to carry out the searches. After the research, the articles were selected, using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 7 articles by the theme. The result points a absence of clarity in the instruments for assessing self-efficacy in volleyball with respect to what they intend to measure in relation to technical, tactical, physical or psychological attributes. In addition, few articles have pointed the psychometric properties of the instruments used in the research, which implies, in practical terms, inaccurate results, hindering the reproducibility of the studies. Therefore, it is suggested that specific instruments for the modality should be developed which present the statistical procedures used in order to obtain reliable results.
Adaptação transcultural do Empowering Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire para a língua portuguesa e análise da invariância em atletas masculinos brasileiros e portugueses
Authors: Oliveira Helder Zimmermann , Dias Teresa Silva , Sabino Bebiana Catarina Rodrigues , Dias Cláudia , Corte-Real Nuno , Fonseca António Manuel
Published: January 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de proceder à tradução e adaptação transcultural do “Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire-Coach” (EDMCQ-C) para a língua portuguesa e analisar a invariância da sua estrutura fatorial, quando aplicado a atletas brasileiros e portugueses. A amostra foi constituída por 963 atletas do sexo masculino, praticantes de diferentes desportos (andebol, basquetebol, futebol, futsal e voleibol), com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 24 anos (M = 15.04 ± 1.88), sendo 553 brasileiros (M = 15.81 ± 1.91) e 410 portugueses (M = 13.94 ± 1.30). Através do recurso à Análise Fatorial Confirmatória, foi possível verificar a existência de bons índices de ajustamento ao modelo teórico examinado, com uma solução reduzida constituída por 15 itens, distribuídos pelos cinco fatores do instrumento original (χ2/df = 2.38; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96; SRMR = 0.03; RMSEA = 0.04). Complementarmente, a invariância do modelo de medida, quando aplicado a atletas brasileiros e portugueses, foi avaliada através da comparação do modelo com pesos fatoriais fixos e o modelo com coeficientes estruturais livres, tendo o resultado sido de ΔCFI = 0.01. Em conformidade, os resultados encontrados suportam a sugestão de que a versão adaptada para a língua portuguesa do EDMCQ-C evidencia boas propriedades psicométricas, podendo, portanto, constituir-se como uma ferramenta útil para avaliar as perceções de atletas brasileiros e portugueses sobre o clima motivacional que lhes é proporcionado pelos seus treinadores.

The aim of the present study was to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the Portuguese version of "Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate" (EDMCQ-C), which evaluates the athletes' perception the motivational climate provided by the coach and to examinethe factorial invariance between Brazilians and Portuguese. The sample was composed by 963 male athletes from different sports (handball, basketball, soccer, futsal and volleyball), aged between 11 and 24 (M = 15.04 ± 1.88), of whom 553 were Brazilian (M = 15.81 ± 1.91) and 410 Portuguese athletes (M = 13.94 ± 1.30). The results of the confirmatory factorial analysis found satisfactory adjustment indices of the model for both portuguese (χ2/df = 1.67; CFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.91; SRMR = 0.06; RMSEA = 0.04) and brazilian (χ2/df = 1.92; CFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.89; SRMR = 0.05; RMSEA = 0.04). The results also showed that the model of measurement was invariant between Brazilian and Portuguese athletes (ΔCFI <0.01). In conclusion, the instrument used can be a useful to analyze the perception of Brazilian and Portuguese athletes for the motivational climate provided by the coach.
OPTIMISATION OF THE SOUND ABSORPTION OF A TEXTILE MATERIAL
Authors: SEGURA ALCARAZ PILAR , SEGURA ALCARAZ JORGE , MONTAVA SEGUI IGNACIO , BONET ARACIL MARIA ANGELES
Published: January 2020

Textile structures such as non-woven fabrics have been used as acoustic insulation since ancient times, however, including a fabric layer can significantly improve the aesthetic appearance. This article studies the influence of the filling threads that are commonly used in upholstery or quilted fabrics. The novelty focuses on evaluating the influence of these threads, in combination with different structural variables, on the acoustic insulation they provide.
With the structures that incorporate filler threads, it is intended to offer optimized acoustic solutions that incorporate design, this will allow the development of products that can be used in the insulation of premises contemplating their decorative appearance, and not being used as a merely structural element.
This article shows how thanks to the design of experiments it has been possible to define the productive variables of the fabric (warp and weft density, presence of quilting threads, etc.) that optimize the acoustic characteristics of the same.
Pseudolebinthus lunipterus sp. nov.: a striking deaf and mute new cricket from Malawi (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae)
Authors: Salazar Karen , Murphy Raymond J. , Guillaume Marion , Nattier Romain , Robillard Tony
Published: January 2020

This article presents an intriguing new cricket species of the tribe Xenogryllini discovered in Northern Malawi. This is the first case of mute and deaf species in the subfamily Eneopterinae; it shows no stridulatory apparatus on short male forewings and no tympana on either side of fore tibiae in both sexes. We introduce the new species and its complete mitogenome and assess phylogenetic relationships based on molecular data obtained from next-generation sequencing genome skimming method. Phylogenetic analyses place the new species within the genus Pseudolebinthus in Xenogryllini, as the sister species of Pseudolebinthus gorochovi Robillard. We describe Pseudolebinthus lunipterus sp. nov., provide illustrations of main morphology, male and female genitalia, photographs of living specimens and information about habitat and update the identification key for species of genus Pseudolebinthus. We discuss the differences between the new species and related taxa and the striking loss of acoustic communication in this cricket.
Inhibiting SLC26A4 reverses cardiac hypertrophy in H9C2 cells and in rats
Authors: Tang Liqun , Yu Xiaoqin , Zheng Yangyang , Zhou Ning
Published: January 2020

Background

It has been confirmed that mutations in solute carrier family 26 member 4 (SLC26A4) contribute to pendred syndrome. However, the role of SLC26A4 in cardiac hypertrophy and the signaling pathways remain unclear.

Methods

Cardiomyocytes were treated by 200 µM phenylephrine (PE) to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Also, the expression of SLC26A4, GSK3, cardiac hypertrophy markers including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was detected through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Flow cytometry assay was used to test the apoptosis of PE-induced cardiomyocytes transfected by small interfere RNA (siRNA)-SLC26A4. Furthermore, we detected the expression of autophagy-related markers including light chain 3 (LC3) and P62. Finally, we established a rat model of abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo.

Results

RT-qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression of SLC26A4 was significantly up-regulated in PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy. After inhibiting SLC26A4, the release of ANP and BNP was significantly decreased and GSK3β was elevated in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, inhibiting SLC26A4 promoted apoptosis of cardiac hypertrophy cells. In addition, LC3 was down-regulated and P62 was enhanced after transfection of siRNA-SLC26A4.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed that SLC26A4 increases cardiac hypertrophy, and inhibiting SLC26A4 could decrease the release of ANP/BNP and promote the expression of GSK-3β in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, SLC26A4 silencing inhibits autophagy of cardiomyocytes and induces apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Therefore, SLC26A4 possesses potential value to be a therapeutic target of cardiac hypertrophy, and our study provides new insights into the mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy.
Population genetics of swamp eel in the Yangtze River: comparative analyses between mitochondrial and microsatellite data provide novel insights
Authors: Zhou Huaxing , Hu Yuting , Jiang He , Duan Guoqing , Ling Jun , Pan Tingshuang , Chen Xiaolei , Wang Huan , Zhang Ye
Published: January 2020

The swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is a typical sex reversal fish with high economic value. Several phylogeographic studies have been performed using various markers but comparative research between mitochondrial and nuclear markers is rare. Here, a fine-scale study was performed across six sites along the Yangtze River including three sites on the main stem and three sites from tributaries. A total of 180 swamp eel individuals were collected. Genetic structure and demographic history were explored using data from two mitochondrial genes and eight microsatellite loci. The results revealed the samples from tributary sites formed three separate clades which contained site-specific lineages. Geographic isolation and the habitat patchiness caused by seasonal cutoff were inferred to be the reasons for this differentiation. Strong gene flow was detected among the sites along the main stem. Rapid flow of the river main stem may provide the dynamic for the migration of swamp eel. Interestingly, the comparative analyses between the two marker types was discordant. Mitochondrial results suggested samples from three tributary sites were highly differentiated. However, microsatellite analyses indicated the tributary samples were moderately differentiated. We conclude this discordance is mainly caused by the unique life history of sex reversal fish. Our study provides novel insights regarding the population genetics of sex reversal fish.
Factors Influencing Implementation of Accrual Based International Public Sector Accounting Standards in Tanzanian Local Government Authorities
Authors: K. Matekele Charles , V. Komba Gabriel
Published: January 2020

This research examined the factors influencing implementation of accrual-based International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) in the Tanzanian Local Government Authorities (LGAs). The study adopted a survey design. Based on extant literature, a structured questionnaire was developed. Then a drop-and-pick method was employed to administer the survey instrument to accountants and auditors from the LGAs in Tanzania. We successfully obtained 150 useful responses and applied factor analysis to determine the factors followed by multiple regression analysis. According to factor analysis performed, 15 factors were identified as the factors influencing implementation of accrual-based IPSAS. Such factors include staff experience, understanding, and skills, in-house training necessity, involvement of professional accountants with high ethical conduct and hope for future business opportunities including attraction of development partners. The study also examined how the identified factors affect implementation of accrual-based IPSAS in the LGAs. Our findings show that staff experience, in-house training necessity, understanding and skills, involvement of professional accountants and publication of financial statements with standardized format; significantly influence implementation of accrual based IPSAS in the LGAs. Other factors like sanctions by regulatory authorities, pressure from development partners and adequate implementation policies were also reported to have significant impact. Since this research involved 7 LGAs out of 185 found in Tanzania Mainland, we recommend further studies to take into account the rest of the LGAs in Tanzania and abroad.
Knowledge Attitude and Awareness toward People Living with HIV/AIDS among Engineering College Students of Pondicherry, India
Authors: Lokesh Kumar S. , Pragadeesh Raja V. , Jasmine M.
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a great global public health problem caused by a retrovirus that infects cells of the human immune system, destroying or impairing their function. In the early stages of infection, the person has no symptoms. HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, transfusion of contaminated blood, through contaminated needles and between a mother and her infant. In 2017, globally, 36.9 million people are living with HIV and 940000 people died from HIV related causes. The total number of people living with HIV in India is estimated at 21.40 lakhs people in 2017.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among college students from engineering colleges in Pondicherry from April 2018 to September 2018. The selection of study subjects was done using simple random sampling. After getting informed consent from the individuals a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was administered. Data were entered on and analysed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Descriptive statistics were used and results were expressed as proportions. 

Results: The majority of the students, about 92.4% had heard about HIV/AIDS, about 92.4% of the participants were aware that HIV can spread through body fluids such as blood, sexual contact, urine. More than half 52.7% of students are aware that migrant workers, lorry drivers, commercial sex workers are high-risk groups for HIV/AIDS. 68.8% of students don’t know their HIV status. 65.2% were not willing to isolate HIV infected people from society.

Conclusion: There is an immediate need for more health education and awareness campaign among students about HIV/AIDS. The Ministry of Education found better methods  to deliver the necessary information about HIV/AIDS through the Internet, social media and mobile applications, information hotlines, pamphlets and printed educational  materials.
Five Year Retrospective and Current Prevalence of Malaria in Bunkure Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: S. Bukhari A. , M. Yayo A. , T. Dabo N. , Safiyanu M. , Ado A. , R. Hussain B. , J. Gambo M.
Published: January 2020

Background: Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide, particularly in Africa, with Nigeria having the greatest number of cases. This study evaluated a five-year (2012-2016) retrospective and a current trend (August-December 2017) of malaria prevalence in Bunkure Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria.

Methods: The retrospective review was conducted by extracting data on malaria cases from the Summary Record Book at Bunkure Primary Health Care Facility. In the current survey, a total of 400 participants were examined using peripheral blood sample obtained by venous puncture to estimate the current malaria prevalence. All data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results: In the retrospective period, a total of 12,387 suspected malaria patients were diagnosed using Rapid Diagnostic Test kit, out of which 9,746 (78.7%) were positive for malaria. The infection was higher in females (45.27%) and in subjects above or equal to 5years of age. There was no significant difference in prevalence between the gender (P= 0.322) and the age groups (P = 0.630). Of the 400 participants examined, 193 were found positive for malaria, representing a prevalence rate of (48.3%), much lower than the prevalence rate in the retrospective period (78.7%). The higher prevalence of the infection was found in males (32.25%) and the age group between 5-12 years (14.25%). The difference in prevalence was statistically not significant between the genders (p = 0.87) and the age groups (p = 0.142).

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, there was a significant decline (P < 0.05) in trend of malaria prevalence in the study area, which may be attributed to the effectiveness of the ongoing control interventions in the locality. This study indicates the need for continuous monitoring of malaria prevalence using both microscopy and RDT for assessment of impact of malaria intervention in the area.
Nicotine Pouch Use Among US Military Personnel
Authors: Little Melissa A. , Polaskey Kathryn M. , Pilehvari Asal , Krukowski Rebecca A. , Ribisl Kurt M. , Pearce Teresa D.
Published: December 2024

This cross-sectional study evaluates the prevalence of and factors associated with use of nicotine pouches among active US military personnel.
Activated Carbon
Authors: Çeçen Ferhan
Published: December 2024

Activated carbon is a material finding wide use in the environmental, industrial, and other fields for removal, recovery, separation, and modification of a variety of species in liquid‐ and gas‐phase applications. First, the historical development of activated carbon is briefly delineated. Then, the basic production principles of activated carbon from different types of raw materials by carbonization, thermal, and chemical activation procedures are discussed. Information is provided on various forms of activated carbon (powdered activated carbon (PAC), granular activated carbon (GAC), etc.). The physicochemical structure of activated carbon is discussed with regard to porous structure, surface area, and functional groups. The adsorptive, reductive, and catalytic properties of activated carbon as well as its synergistic effects in biological systems are delineated. Information is presented about the basic physicochemical and adsorptive parameters used for the characterization of activated carbon. Examples of various standards are given for testing and evaluating activated carbon. The applications of activated carbon in the treatment of drinking water, groundwater, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater; remediation of contaminated groundwater and soil, air and gas cleaning, solvent recovery, and industrial production are outlined. Some special applications such as biogas purification and natural gas storage are also included. Information is provided on the handling and reactivation of spent activated carbon. A brief information is given about the evaluation of activated carbon by life‐cycle assessment. Finally, information is provided about worldwide production and prospects.
Ferrite Isolators
Authors: Bayard Bernard , Sauviac Bruno , Vincent Didier
Published: December 2024

Signal processing requires specialized functions such as isolators particularly in the microwave range where wave propagation can easily be corrupted. The main applications of isolators as well as their characteristics are described. Some waveguide and planar microwave ferrite devices based on Faraday effect, field displacement, or gyroresonance are then reviewed. For a better understanding of the functioning of such devices, microwave properties of ferrite materials are presented. The ferromagnetic resonance and the resulting nonreciprocal effects are also explained. Finally, recent developments in the use of hard ferrites and in magnetic films technology are discussed.
High‐Frequency Transmission Lines
Authors: Teixeira Fernando L. , da Rosa Guilherme S. , Radhakrishnan Kaladhar , Chew Weng C.
Published: December 2024

Transmission lines are used to guide electromagnetic waves from one place to another. They are used for many types of applications; the most common application in high frequencies is the transmission of signals, either digital or analog. In this case, high‐frequency transmission lines are often designed to maximize the operable frequency bandwidth and minimize the attenuation of the signals. The former preserves the quality of the signal being transmitted, while the latter increases the maximum possible distance of transmission.

Examples of high‐frequency transmission lines include coaxial cables, optical fibers, microstrip lines, and hollow waveguides. Transmission of signals is not always limited to physically long lines. Some high‐frequency transmission lines are also used for short‐distance transmission as, for example, those used to transmit signals within a computer or to feed an antenna from its source. This chapter discusses various types of high‐frequency transmission lines used in RF and microwave applications and the various propagation mechanisms behind their operation.
Priming and task‐specific training for arm weakness post stroke: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: King Erin C. , Schauer Jacob M. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Wax Alexandra , Urday Sebastian , Madhavan Sangeetha , Corcos Daniel M. , Stoykov Mary Ellen
Published: December 2024

Objective

The objective of this work was to evaluate if task‐specific training (TST) preceded by bilateral upper limb motor priming (BUMP) reduces upper limb impairment more than TST preceded by control priming ([CP], sham electrical stimulation) in people with chronic stroke.

Methods

In this single‐blind, randomized controlled trial, 76 adults with moderate to severe upper limb hemiparesis ≥6 months post‐stroke were stratified by baseline impairment and randomized to receive either BUMP or CP prior to receiving the same TST protocol. Participants completed 30 h of treatment in 15 days over 6 weeks. The primary outcome was change in Fugl‐Meyer upper extremity (FMUE) from baseline to 8‐week follow‐up. We also report clinically meaningful response rates defined as a change in FMUE score of 6 points or greater.

Results

In response to treatment, both groups improved to a significant extent at follow‐up, exceeding the FMUE minimum clinically important difference. Those in BUMP and CP saw a mean change of 5.68 (SE 0.76, p < 0.001) and 5.87 (SE 0.76, p < 0.001) respectively. There was no significant difference between treatment arms (mean difference of −0.20 (95% CI = [−2.37, 1.97], SE = 1.08, p = 0.86)). A response of ≥6 points was observed in 46% in BUMP and 50% in CP.

Interpretation

There was no beneficial effect of BUMP. The magnitude of change seen in both groups reflects the largest improvement achieved with just 22.5 h of TST in this population, matching or out‐performing more invasive, time‐intensive, and costly interventions proposed in recent years.
Multitasking Asynchronous Collaborative Nanosystem for Diabetic Wound Healing Based on Hypoglycemic, Antimicrobial, and Angiogenesis‐Promoting Effects
Authors: Ren Jun , Wang Chaoli , Gao Hao , Lu Shuaikun , Fu Congxiao , Wang Hu , Wang Guoliang , Zhu Zhenfeng , Wu Hong , Luo Wen , Zhang Yunfei
Published: December 2024

A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common and serious complication of diabetes. This complication can result in amputation and death because of the several challenges associated with wound healing that can be attributed to the complex wound microenvironment, including biofilm infection, hyperglycemia, and diabetic angiopathy. Existing investigations on the wound‐healing rate consider only one or two pathogenic factors, and therefore, despite the extensive research on these pathological microenvironments, there is an urgent need to optimize the wound‐healing rate in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. To this end, a multitasking asynchronous collaborative nanosystem is designed in this study. The designed nanosystem can efficiently clear biofilm infections using optimized photodynamic therapy based on a poly photosensitizer ionic liquid (i.e., Ce6IL), reduce local blood glucose concentration using glucose oxidase, and reconstruct blood vessels by stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration using nitric oxide. The experimental results indicate that the three‐step sequential collaboration strategy for clearing biofilm infections, reducing glucose concentrations, and reconstructing damaged blood vessels can help significantly accelerate wound healing rate in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
Synthesis of Chiral 2‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐(tetrahydroquinolinyl)‐4H‐chromenes via Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Amination
Authors: Wang Bangzhong , Sun Luyang , Zhang Pengyue , Zhang Shuaibo , Zhao Jinfeng , Qu Jingping , Zhou Yuhan
Published: December 2024

A new strategy for the construction of chiral 4H‐chromene skeleton via Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric amination of 2H‐chromene was reported. A series of chiral 2‐trifluoromethyl‐4H‐chromenes containing 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline unit were synthesized in moderate to good yields with excellent enantioselectivity, the method serves as an effective supplement to the construction of chiral 4H‐chromene skeleton.
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Neuron‐Specific Enolase in Niemann‐Pick Disease Type C1
Authors: Padilla Cameron J. , Alexander Derek M. , Labor Desiree A. , Albert Orsolya K. , Robbins Kendall P. , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth , Porter Forbes D.
Published: December 2024

Niemann‐Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is an ultra rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired intracellular cholesterol trafficking. This study assessed neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) as a biomarker for disease status and treatment response in individuals with NPC1. We also evaluated the concordance between serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NSE measurements. A total of 34 individuals with NPC1 were included in this analysis. Overall, 10 participants were used to compare concurrent samples of CSF and serum NSE. NSE levels were correlated with indexes of disease severity (Annual Severity Increment Score [ASIS] and age of neurological onset) and disease burden (NPC Neurological Severity Score [NSS]). NSE was elevated in CSF, but paired CSF/serum samples were not correlated (rs = −0.16, p = 0.64). Additionally, no significant correlations were observed between serum NSE levels and clinical measures of either disease burden or severity. CSF NSE values showed a significant positive association with the ASIS (rs = 0.37, p = 0.0291) but no association with age of neurological onset or NPC NSSs. Longitudinal analysis of nine participants showed a significant (p = 0.0317) decrease in CSF NSE levels after initiation of intrathecal 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (IT HPβCD) therapy. This study suggests that CSF NSE may have some utility as a biomarker in NPC1 therapeutic trials.
Identification of Architectural Roman Remains in the Complex Archaeological Site of Buto ‘Tell El Fara'in’, Northern Egypt, Using Geophysical and Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Abouarab Mohamed A. R. , Ibrahim Amin , Eldosouky Ahmed M. , Aboalkassim Ibrahim , Younes Ali , El‐Qady Gad , Abbas Abbas Mohamed , El‐hemaly Ibrahim Aly , Awad Ahmed , Wilson Penelope , Elfadaly Abdelaziz , Lasaponara Rosa
Published: December 2024

The integrated use of remote sensing (RS) techniques, vertical magnetic gradient (VMG) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements, and, in particular, combined analysis of 2D and 3D data, can provide a viable option for the identification of targets of interest at complicated archaeological sites. In this regard, a case study is Kom C at the archaeological site of Buto (Tell El Fara'in) in the northern Nile Delta (Egypt), where satellite data (Google Earth, Landsat 8 and OrbView‐3), VMG and ERT measurements were collected prior to site excavation. In this particular case, soil salinity in the buried structures, a lack of contrast in magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity, as well as the orientation, complex spatial distribution and overlapping of the architectural elements, all contributed to a number of anomalies that were difficult to interpret using only 2D results. Initially, the archaeological remains were identified as being made of mud‐brick based on land surface temperature (LST) estimated from thermal bands (Bands 10 and 11) in Landsat 8. Then, the high‐resolution satellite data, as well as the VMG and ERT (2D, quasi‐3D and full 3D resistivity models), were integrated to produce a comprehensive map of buried archaeological features. Excavations by Kafrelsheikh University in collaboration with the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities recovered archaeological remains, including architectural elements that were perhaps used for official or administrative purposes or pottery‐making workshops during the Late Roman period (between the 4th and 7th century ce). The direct comparison of geophysical results to archaeological evidence from the excavation enabled a robust interpretation of geophysical anomalies visible in the horizontal resistivity depth slice and magnetic maps. As a whole, this case study highlights the value of combining satellite data with the analysis of 2D data and 3D views of geophysical surveys to better understand the real distribution of buried archaeological remains at similar complex sites.
An Aromatic Proton Transfer to the o‐Amine Function: A Naphthoquinonyne Intermediate and Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Mukherjee Souvik , Ghosh Sourav , Ghosh Keya , Ghosh Prasanta
Published: December 2024

The article reports a hitherto‐unknown aromatic proton transfer (APT) to the o‐amine function chelated to manganese(II) ion and disintegration of the molecule generating an aryne intermediate. The reaction of (NQ)‐NH(AQ) (o‐HLH) with manganese(II) acetate in boiling DMF generates [MnII(o‐HL−)2], where the o‐HLH ligands undergo disintegration forming manganese(II) complexes of AQ and an 1,4‐naphthoquinonyne intermediate based on benzoquinone ring, that has been defined as [NQ‐2H] (NQ and AQ abbreviate respectively 1,4‐naphthoquinone and 8‐aminoquinoline fragments). The fragmentation reaction of o‐HLH depends on the metal precursor used, solvent and temperature. A [3+2] cycloaddition of [NQ‐2H] with another o‐HLH affords a carbazolequinone, L[NQ‐2H]. Self‐dimerization and coupling with maleic anhydride by a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of [NQ‐2H] with furan and isoprene were authenticated by ESI mass spectrometry. Notably, the similar reaction with o‐ClLH generates manganese(II) complexes of o‐ClLH where no disruption reaction was realized. In MeOH, no APT reaction was accomplished. No such reactions were substantiated even with manganese(II) perchlorate and manganese(II) chloride salts.
High Efficiency and Narrow‐Band Green Emission in Eu2+ and Mn2+ Co‐Doped Na2MgAl10O17 Phosphor for Backlight Display Application
Authors: Wu Xiaodeng , Liang Yujun , Liu Zeqian , Chen Gang
Published: December 2024

Wide color gamut display has become a new generation of display technology because of its good color saturation. However, the low quantum efficiency and wide half peak width of narrow‐band green phosphors are still the main barriers in their development and application. This work addresses these challenges by using Mn2+ as the luminescent center and constructing efficient Eu2+ → Mn2+ energy transfer in Na2MgAl10O17 (NMAO) matrix. The NMAO:0.15Eu2+, 0.30Mn2+ phosphor presents a single‐band emission peaking at 513 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 33 nm under the excitation of 365 nm LED chip. In addition, under the excitation wavelength of 365 nm, the energy transfer efficiency reaches 74%. Compared with the NMAO:0.30Mn2+, the intensity of the NMAO:0.15Eu2+, 0.30Mn2+ increases by 5.5 times and the internal quantum efficiency is up to 61.82%. A white LED device with the CIE coordinates of (0.2871, 0.3472) and a color gamut area of 94% NTSC has been assembled successfully by combining 365 nm LED chips with NMAO:0.15Eu2+, 0.30Mn2+, BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+, and K2SiF6:Mn4+ as green, blue, and red component. This work enriches the relevant content of Mn2+‐doped phosphors and provides a constructive insight into improving luminescent performance through energy transfer.
The potential of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound to apply the long‐term ovary protection from injury induced by 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide through inhibiting granulosa cell apoptosis
Authors: Deng Juan , Qin Juan , Song Guolin , Li Chenghai , Tang Wentao , Tang Yilin , Xiao Xinfang , Wu Liu , He Sicheng , Zhou Yiqing , Li Junfen , Wang Yan
Published: December 2024

The potential of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in regulating ovarian function has been demonstrated; however, there is a lack of scientific evidence regarding the long‐term efficacy of LIPUS in treating ovarian injury and understanding its regulatory mechanisms. In this study, 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) was used to induce ovarian injury in rats, and LIPUS was applied to target the damaged ovarian tissues. The research aimed to investigate the long‐term protective effect of LIPUS against ovum toxicity induced by VCD and elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms. During the experiment, HE staining was employed for observing the morphology and structure of the ovary, while protein sequencing was utilized for identifying and confirming the molecular mechanism through which LIPUS restores the damaged ovarian structure. The long‐term effectiveness of LIPUS in protecting against ovarian injury was evaluated through ELISA, estrous cycle monitoring, fertility testing, and behavioral analysis. The results indicated that LIPUS effectively restored the structure of damaged ovaries. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that this protective effect may be attributed to LIPUS inhibiting apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) by regulating Daxx‐mediated ASK1/JNK signaling pathway. Subsequent functional tests demonstrated significant improvements in sex hormone secretion and regulation of estrous cycle within 6 cycles following LIPUS treatment. Additionally, there was a notable increase in offspring numbers after mating. Behavioral analysis revealed that LIPUS effectively alleviated menopausal symptoms resulting from ovarian injury including mood fluctuations, cognitive behavior changes, and reduced muscle excitability levels. These findings suggest that beneficial effects of LIPUS may help reduce VCD‐induced ovarian damage with long‐term efficacy.
Atypical Acute Ischemic Choriocapillaritis: A Case Report
Authors: Shariati Mehrdad Motamed , Shoeibi Nasser , Yaghoubi Mariye
Published: December 2024

Optical coherence tomography angiography is a valuable tool for evaluating acute ischemic choriocapillaritis. Tuberculosis and syphilis are the main secondary differentials..
Establishment of a Quantitative Method for the Extraction of Nicotine and Cotinine in Gingival Tissue and Relationship Between Gingival Intoxication With Conventional Smoking Biomarkers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Salhi Leila , Hazout Samuel , Van hede Dorien , Lambert France , Charlier Corinne , Deville Marine
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Smoking is considered a major risk factor for periodontitis genesis and progression. In clinical studies, specific indicators have been used to characterize the smoking status of the patient as the number of cigarettes consumed (NCC), the pack‐years (PY), or Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). However, available literature is missing on the relationship between cotinine gingival intoxication and smoking indicators. First, the development of a quantitative method for the extraction of nicotine and cotinine in gingival tissue. Second, to investigate the relationship between gingival intoxication and conventional smoking biomarkers.

Material and Methods

Fourteen smoker patients were included in the study. After clinical data collection, salivary and gingival samples collection, toxicological analyses were performed using liquid extraction after enzymatic digestion (subtilisin) and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS).

Results

Gingival cotinine quantification was successfully performed in 14 samples (100%) with a mean of 0.280 ng/mg (range = 0.094–0.505). Only FTND was statistically associated with gingival cotinine levels (p = 0.0072; r² = 0.60). Gingival nicotine quantification was achieved in 12 of the 14 gingival samples (86%) with a mean of 0.384 ± 1.00 ng/mg (range = 0.03–3.84). Gingival nicotine was statistically associated with NCC (p = 0.032; r² = 0.55), PY (p = 0.0011; r² = 0.76), and FTND (p = 0.016; r² = 0.60). Salivary nicotine and cotinine levels were statistically associated with, respectively, NCC (p = 0.030; r² = 0.34), and NCC (p = 0.0094; r² = 0.63) + PY (p = 0.0078; r² = 0.64).

Conclusions

This pilot study established a quantitative extraction method for nicotine and cotinine from human gingival samples. Additionally, FTND was associated with gingival cotinine. However, further large‐scale studies are needed to confirm the relationship between nicotine dependence and gingival intoxication.