bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Back Cover: Macromol. Rapid Commun. 19/2006
Authors: Yao Yonghua , Dong Xia , Hong Song , Ge Hongli , Han Charles C.
Published: October 2006

Back Cover: The picture on the back cover shows SEM images of formed super‐hydrophobic surfaces at different magnifications showed the macro and nano roughness. The related two extreme sliding behaviors well agree with different theoretical models as the related schematic diagrams. Further details can be found in the article by Y. Yao, X. Dong,* S. Hong, H. Ge, and C. C. Han* on page 1627.
Donor cell differentiation, reprogramming, and cloning efficiency: Elusive or illusive correlation?
Authors: Oback B. , Wells D.N.
Published: October 2006

Compared to other assisted reproductive technologies, mammalian nuclear transfer (NT) cloning is inefficient in generating viable offspring. It has been postulated that nuclear reprogramming and cloning efficiency can be increased by choosing less differentiated cell types as nuclear donors. This hypothesis is mainly supported by comparative mouse cloning experiments using early blastomeres, embryonic stem (ES) cells, and terminally differentiated somatic donor cells. We have re‐evaluated these comparisons, taking into account different NT procedures, the use of donor cells from different genetic backgrounds, sex, cell cycle stages, and the lack of robust statistical significance when post‐blastocyst development is compared. We argue that while the reprogrammability of early blastomeres appears to be much higher than that of somatic cells, it has so far not been conclusively determined whether differentiation status affects cloning efficiency within somatic donor cell lineages. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 646–654, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advanced three‐dimensional tailored RF pulse for signal recovery in T2*‐weighted functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yip Chun‐yu , Fessler Jeffrey A. , Noll Douglas C.
Published: October 2006

T‐weighted functional MR images are plagued by signal loss artifacts caused by susceptibility‐induced through‐plane dephasing. We present major advances to the original three‐dimensional tailored RF (3DTRF) pulse method that pre‐compensates the dephasing using three‐dimensional selective excitation. The proposed 3DTRF pulses are designed iteratively with off‐resonance incorporation and with a novel echo‐volumar trajectory that frequency‐encodes in z and phase‐encodes in x,y. We also propose a computational scheme to accelerate the pulse design process. We demonstrate effective signal recovery in a 5‐mm slice in both phantom and inferior brain, using 3DTRF pulses that are only 15.4 ms long. Compared to the original method, the new approach leads to significantly reduced pulse length and enhancement in slice selectivity. 3D images of the slice volume confirm fidelity of the excited phase pattern and slice profile. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Das Phänomen des zweiten Boten
Authors: Moll Friedrich
Published: October 2006

Um mit einem Minimum an hochspezifischem Signalträger auszukommen, hat die Natur den raffinierten second‐messenger‐Mechanismus erdacht. Ein first messenger, hier Adrenalin, schickt tausend second messengers auf den Weg, damit sie Glycogen zu Glucose‐1‐phosphat mobilisieren.
BGA will Codein verbieten
Authors: Grimm Gorm , Pachaly P.
Published: October 2006

Opiophobe Arroganz einer Behörde?

Trotz zahlreicher überzeugender Erfolge bei der Substitutionstherapie Drogenabhängiger scheint das Bundesgesundheitsamt an seiner behördlichen Opiophobie festzuhalten, – oder ist es nur behördliche Arroganz (?), die anscheinend verhindern will, daß hoffnungslos Süchtigen (= kranken Menschen) wenigstens soweit geholfen werden kann, daß diese Ärmsten unserer Gesellschaft eine Chance haben, sich in die soziale Gemeinschaft wieder einfügen können. Müssen denn weiterhin Verbrechen, Erpressung, Prostitution und totale Verelendung die unvermeidlichen Meilensteine bis zum tödlichen „Goldenen Schuß”︁ auf der Bahnhofstoilette sein, die nicht nur den Betroffenen, sondern auch den beteiligten Familien unendliches Leid zumuten? Anbetracht der offensichtlichen Erfolge, die man z. B. in England sogar mit der kontrollierten Hereingabe an abhängige Patienten gemacht hat, erscheint die kürzlich erfolgte Ablehnung eines entsprechenden Antrags der Stadt Frankfurt durch das BGA vollends unverständlich. Geradezu zynisch wirkt die BGA‐Begründung: „Es macht doch keinen Sinn, Süchtige durch Suchtmittel von ihrer Sucht zu befreien”︁. Anscheinend hat man völlig vergessen, daß auch diese Kranken einen Anspruch wenigstens auf eine symptomatische Behandlung haben – auch wenn das Mittel die Ursache nicht bekämpfen kann. Die Meinungsäußerung des wahrlich betroffenen und verantwortungsbereiten Mediziners Dr. med. Gorm Grimm, der sich seit Jahren dieser Problematik stellt und zu helfen versucht, macht diesen Problemkreis noch einmal deutlich.
Die Küchenzwiebel – eine zu Unrecht vernachlässigte Arzneipflanze
Authors: Koch Heinrich P.
Published: October 2006

Die gemeine Küchenzwiebel, unverzichtbar in unserer Eßkultur und uralter Bestandteil traditioneller Medizin, erweist sich auch nach neuesten Untersuchungen als hochwertige Arzneipflanze, zu deren wichtigsten Wirkstoffen offenbar nicht die geruchsaktiven Schwefelverbindungen, sondern Steroid‐ und Triterpensaponine mit antimikrobiellen, kardiovaskulären, z. B. antiaggregatorischen, fibrinolytischen und hypolipidämischen Effekten zählen. Über die Inhaltsstoffe der Zwiebel, ihre Wirkungen und ihre Anwendungen wird in diesem Aufsatz berichtet.
Role of anions in the polymerization of 2,5‐dimethoxyaniline in the presence of poly(styrene sulfonic acid)
Authors: Huang Li‐Ming , Huang Guo Cheng , Wen Ten‐Chin
Published: October 2006

Poly(2,5‐dimethoxyaniline) (PDMA)–Ag composites were successfully obtained through the oxidative polymerization of 2,5‐dimethoxyaniline in poly(styrene sulfonic acid) with CH3SO3Ag and AgNO3 as oxidants. In situ ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy results showed that the growth rate of PDMA was strongly affected by CH3SO and NO. The coupling reaction of PDMA and NO was proposed to explain the lower growth rate of PDMA with AgNO3 as the oxidant in comparison with CH3SO3Ag. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to validate the proposed coupling reaction through the monitoring of the side products and oxidized state of PDMA. The results showed that there were more side products and lower oxidized states for the composite structure in the presence of NO than in the presence of CH3SO, and this agreed with the proposal. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the Ag nanoparticles had almost the same size, regardless of the anions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6624–6632, 2006
The Effect of Cook‐Off on the Bulk Permeability of a Plastic Bonded Explosive
Authors: Terrones Guillermo , Souto Francisco J. , Burkett Michael W. , Shea Robert F. , Idar Edward S.
Published: October 2006

Plastic bonded explosives when exposed to prolonged heating environments undergo a variety of changes that affect their bulk chemical, thermophysical, and mechanical properties. During slow heating conditions, referred to as cook‐off, the thermal behavior of the polymeric binder plays an important role in the transformations of these composite energetic materials. The recently introduced Darcian flow hypothesis for PBX‐9501 implies that, during preignition, temperature gradients will lead to pressure gradients which in turn will drive convection of decomposition gases throughout the explosive, thus affecting ignition time and location. Here, we focus on the cook‐off behavior of PBX‐9501 and investigate its effects on bulk permeability to gases produced as a result of thermal decomposition. The concept of Darcian convection through porous media is defined and illustrated in detail by the derivation of the governing equations for a permeameter. Based on a systematic analysis involving: 1) our current understanding about binder behavior as a function of temperature, 2) the physics of the gas permeameter apparatus, 3) the concept of liquid drainage by gas, and 4) the experimental record of four permeameter experiments with cooked PBX‐9501, we conclude that samples heated up to 186 °C were not permeable in the Darcy‐flow sense.
A new dissipativity criterion—towards Yakubovich oscillations
Authors: Răsvan Vl.
Published: October 2006

Starting from the idea that two pre‐requisites are required to obtain existence criteria for Yakubovich oscillations (bounded state trajectory plus an output changing sign infinitely), namely instability or at least some dichotomic behaviour and Levinson dissipativity (ultimate boundedness), the paper focuses on the latter subject: its main result is the extension to dissipativity of a frequency domain inequality that makes use of only slope information concerning the nonlinear functions. Several examples are discussed and final conclusions are drawn concerning future developments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On theory of learning and knowledge: Educational implications of advances in neuroscience
Authors: Hendry Graham D. , King Ronald C.
Published: October 2006

The first section analyses the so‐called mechanical theories of learning that underpin the transmission view of teaching that so permeates education and schooling. There is an impasse in current theories due to lack of explanation about how we acquire knowledge. In response to what appears to be insuperable problems in current psychological theories, the second section promotes a neuroscientific basis for resolution of the impasse; a basis which renders at least some aspects of information theory redundant. Finally, implications for the transmission‐of‐knowledge approach to teaching are addressed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reexamining connections: Museums as science learning environments
Authors: Ramey‐Gassert Linda , Walberg Herbert J. , Walberg Herbert J.
Published: October 2006

The role of science museums in science education is changing. This article examines the science museum literature in light of the new emphasis for museums to become a unique partner with schools and colleges to enhance science literacy. Museums provide opportunities for students to be active participants in learning by manipulating real objects in a stimulating setting thus enhancing conceptual learning in the classroom. Both components of learning are important for understanding of complex science concepts. Much of the literature pertaining to learning in museums is anecdotal and craft wisdom, indicating that more collaborative research efforts are needed in the area of science education in museum settings. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Does the use of analogies contribute to conceptual change?
Authors: Dagher Zoubeida R.
Published: October 2006

The nature of the contribution of analogies to conceptual change is far from straight forward. First, review of three studies and evidence from other sources point to a modest contribution of analogies to normal conceptual change. Second, the construct of conceptual change has been defined in many ways with more preeminence given to radical conceptual change. I point out that weak or normal conceptual change is worthy of equal attention from science educators. Third, conceptualizing conceptual change in terms of gradations on a continuum enables teachers and researchers to achieve a clearer understanding of the way in which analogies contribute to conceptual change. Fourth, in order to give analogies a fair evaluation, the conceptual change paradigm ought to endorse a broader conception of change which conjoins propositional and procedural knowledge and accounts for the affective and creative processes that are associated with the education of the whole person and not only the learning of specific concepts. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Science and students with mental retardation: An analysis of curriculum features and learner characteristics
Authors: Scruggs Thomas E. , Mastropieri Margo A.
Published: October 2006

Although much research has been conducted on the learning characteristics of individuals with mental retardation, science learning of such individuals has received far less attention. In this investigation, students with mental retardation were observed over a 2‐year period, in order to determine how the characteristics of mental retardation manifested themselves in the context of inquiry‐oriented, hands‐on science curriculum. Analysis of all relevant data sources, including observations and field notes, videotape and audiotape recordings, student products, and interviews, suggested that several characteristics commonly attributed to students with mild mental retardation were observed to interact with the science curriculum. These characteristics included attention, semantic memory, logical reasoning, and outerdirectedness. However, teachers were skilled at adapting instruction to meet the special needs of these learners. Implications for teaching science to students with mental retardation are provided. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The relationship between exhibit characteristics and learning‐associated behaviors in a science museum discovery space
Authors: Boisvert Dorothy Lozowski , Slez Brenda Jochums
Published: October 2006

Researchers and evaluators have often used observation of visitor behavior as an indirect assessment of the educational impact of museum exhibits. The educational impact is often reported in terms of the exhibit's attracting power (number of visitors who stop at the exhibit) and holding power (amount of time spent by visitors at the exhibit). Occasionally, the visitor's engagement level (degree to which the visitor pays attention to the exhibit) is also used as an assessment of the exhibit's educational impact. In this study, 154 visitors to a science museum discovery space were observed as they interacted freely with the exhibits. The exhibits were categorized into five different styles based upon three criteria: (1) high or low interaction; (2) concrete or abstract presentation; and (3) simple or complex information presented. Data indicated significant differences between exhibit style and attraction, holding power, and visitor engagement levels. Attraction levels were highest for exhibits with concrete presentations. Holding power was highest for exhibits with high interaction and concrete presentations. Engagement levels were highest for high interaction exhibits. Information from this study may be of interest to museum educators and to those who design and evaluate museum exhibits. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Contextual settings, science stories, and large context problems: Toward a more humanistic science education
Authors: Stinner Arthur
Published: October 2006

This article addresses the need for and the problem of organizing a science curriculum around contextual settings and science stories that serve to involve and motivate students to develop an understanding of the world that is rooted in the scientific and the humanistic traditions. A program of activities placed around contextual settings, science stories, and contemporary issues of interest is recommended in an attempt to move toward a slow and secure abolition of the gulf between scientific knowledge and “common sense” beliefs. A conceptual development model is described to guide the connection between theory and evidence on a level appropriate for children, from early years to senior years. For the senior years it is also important to connect the activity of teaching to a sound theoretical structure. The theoretical structure must illuminate the status of theory in science, establish what counts as evidence, clarify the relationship between experiment and explanation, and make connections to the history of science. The article concludes with a proposed program of activities in terms of a sequence of theoretical and empirical experiences that involve contextual settings, science stories, large context problems, thematic teaching, and popular science literature teaching. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Erik Erikson and psychosocial development
Authors: Widick Carole , Parker Clyde A. , Knefelkamp Lee
Published: October 2006

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development offers a way of thinking against which we, as educators, can measure who our students are and how the college environment may inhibit or enhance their development.
Emergent issues of theory and practice
Authors: Huebner Lois A.
Published: October 2006

The conceptual, theoretical, and empirical bases for the ecosystem perspective are identified and related to the implementation of ecosystem assessment and design projects.
Application of the ecosystem perspective to a dean of students office
Authors: Hurst James C. , Ragle John D.
Published: October 2006

The continuing evolution of an application of the ecosystems perspective in a dean of students office holds promise for having a constructive impact not only within the office, but on the division of student affairs and the university as well.
Student development through environmental management
Authors: Schroeder Charles C.
Published: October 2006

Residence educators have demonstrated only a cursory regard for the complex interactions between students and the residence hall environment. This imbalance in our approach to residence education has created provocative challenges for the field.
Legal constraints on colleges and universities
Authors: Barr Margaret J.
Published: October 2006

In an increasingly litigious society, colleges and universities are not immune from legal challenge. The student affairs administrator needs a basic understanding of the legal system.
Contractual relationships
Authors: Shur George M.
Published: October 2006

Definition of the relationship between the student and the institution as a contract is a relatively recent legal phenomenon. Catalogues, private and public statements by officials, and written agreements may all be enforced as contractual obligations to students and may be the cause of litigation.
Orientation programs and activities
Authors: Upcraft M. Lee , Farnsworth William Michael
Published: October 2006

Orientation planners must understand the definition, goals, components, rationale, and methodologies of a comprehensive and effectiv.
Computer‐assisted guidance: An example of direct student access
Authors: Johnson Cynthia S.
Published: October 2006

Computers have been in use for almost two decades in the area of computer‐assisted career guidance. The historical development of this direct student access application has implications for other uses of computer technology.
Strategies for wellness and recreation program development
Authors: Hettler Bill
Published: October 2006

A comprehensive campus recreation and wellness program involves all units of the institution and makes a significant contribution to the institution's accomplishments.
Life directions: A comprehensive wellness program at a small college
Authors: Johnson Kay L. , Wernig Stephanie R.
Published: October 2006

Regis College has initiated a comprehensive program for all of its students—a small college undertaking a large program.
Recruitment and admissions: Special issues and ethical considerations
Authors: Thackaberry Mark D. , Liston Antoinette
Published: October 2006

There are a number of significant steps and guidelines to follow if we are to do justice to a quality recruitment and admissions program.
Enhancing minority‐white peer interactions
Authors: Jones W. Terrell
Published: October 2006

Future success of minority students at predominantly white colleges rests on the quality of their campus interactions with white peers in all campus settings.
Defining the relationship between fraternities and sororities and the host institution
Authors: Milani Terrence E. , Nettles William R.
Published: October 2006

Colleges and universities should analyze legal precedents governing their relationship with student organizations, especially fraternities and sororities. A carefully conceived acknowledgment system needs to be devised, which includes detailed relationship statements.
Managing staff
Authors: Upcraft M. Lee
Published: October 2006

Managing staff for high productivity and high morale means recruiting, selecting, training, supervising, and evaluating them effectively.
Developing leadership potential through student activities and organizations
Authors: Guido‐Dibrito Florence , Batchelor Susan W.
Published: October 2006

Leadership development is the most important outcome of cocurricular activities.
Faith development: Bridging theory and practice
Authors: Rutledge Mark
Published: October 2006

Theories of faith development provide perspectives that undergird contemporary practices of many campus religious professionals, as well as point toward cooperation with those in student services.
Building new relationships for the future
Authors: Butler John
Published: October 2006

Relationships between student services professionals and those in religion on campus can lead to problems that must be avoided as well as to creative opportunities that will enhance the institution and the lives of its students.
Pursuit of knowledge or pursuit of suspects: Rights, legalities, liabilities
Authors: Steiner Christine
Published: October 2006

A frequent by‐product of campus violence is college or university liability. A case study is presented here, along with a discussion of liability considerations, the role of campus police, preventative security measures, and issues of confidentiality.
Freedom and control in campus activities: Who's in charge?
Authors: Sandeen Arthur
Published: October 2006

Chief student affairs administrators are responsible for activity programs and must seek a balance between freedom and control that fits their campus.
Value education through activities involvement
Authors: Roberts Dennis C.
Published: October 2006

Laura Brown Value education has become a very popular issue in higher education.
Crisis intervention and prevention with suicide
Authors: Pruett Harold L.
Published: October 2006

Crisis intervention is an approach that can enable the client and the counselor to intervene actively during times of suicidal crisis.
Perspectives on ethnicity
Authors: Jones W. Terrell
Published: October 2006

Ethnic influences on student growth and development include differences in attitudes, values, and philosophies of life.
Affirmative action on campus: Making it work (editors' introduction)
Authors: Ponterotto Joseph G. , Lewis Diane E. , Bullington Robin
Published: October 2006

Three experts on student development contribute their ideas on future directions for affirmative action.
College students from emotionally neglectful homes
Authors: Cook Donelda A.
Published: October 2006

Some students have dedicated their entire lives to denying, to themselves and to the world, that they were neglected. Through all their accomplishments they have been seen but never heard.
The teaching of values
Authors: Moore Leila V. , Hamilton Deborah H.
Published: October 2006

Changes in students and the profession make it imperative to teach values to undergraduates and in our preparation programs for student affairs professionals.
Research on college men and rape
Authors: Berkowitz Alan D. , Burkhart Barry R. , Bourg Susan E.
Published: October 2006

A discussion of recent studies on college men as sexual assault and rape perpetrators accompanies recommendations and an integrative theoretical model to be used in rape prevention programs designed for college men.
Organizing for student success
Authors: Culp Marguerite McGann
Published: October 2006

Principles to help practitioners create effective and influential organizational structures for community college student affairs programs are suggested.
Achieving fundamental fairness: The code of conduct
Authors: Footer Nancy S.
Published: October 2006

This chapter presents an analysis of the fundamental procedural elements of a student code of conduct, including thoughts on code development and structure. The code elements are illustrated by highlights from court opinions involving student disciplinary matters.
Evaluation in judicial affairs
Authors: Zacker John
Published: October 2006

„As we face our shared future, we must be able to articulate clearly what we do and why it takes so many of us to do it. Careful evaluation of programs, in concert with a commitment to modify or abandon ones that no longer meet student or institutional goals, is essential”︁ (Barr, 1993, p. 524).
Creating shared values through dialogue: The role of the chief academic officer
Authors: Ratner Lorman A.
Published: October 2006

It is through a continuous emphasis on dialogue within the administration and between the administration and faculty that a university‐wide consensus can be reached and maintained.
Fiction and fact: On trial
Authors: Carr Jean Ferguson
Published: October 2006

An introductory literature course should introduce students to more than a body of material and a range of techniques and traditions. It should teach literary interpretation as a process of inquiry useful in other situations in which we shape the world through language.
Teaching minority students
Authors: Sedlacek William E.
Published: October 2006

What variables promote success for minority students? How can faculty exploit these variables in order to improve these students' chances of success?
Where have all the senior faculty gone?
Authors: Sheridan Harriet W.
Published: October 2006

Senior faculty are the best prepared to remedy the assorted illiteracies and cognitive deficiencies of today's beginning students, although they typically choose to have little direct contact with these students.
Suggestions for further reading
Authors: Spear Karen I.
Published: October 2006

The editor provides additional sources of reference.
Teaching based on knowledge of students
Authors: Katz Joseph
Published: October 2006

The student must become an object of study for the teacher and a participant in her or his own learning. Student initiative, individuation, collaboration, and purposive use of ideas are preconditions of effective learning.
Challenge and support for student growth
Authors: Nelson Karen H.
Published: October 2006

Student growth and change during the college years can be described as either evolutionary or revolutionary. They are influenced by career orientation, activities, role models, and friendships.
Instructor expressiveness: Implications for improving teaching
Authors: Perry Raymond P.
Published: October 2006

When students identify characteristics they associate with good teaching, they most often use terms such as enthusiasm, rapport, charisma, dynamism, and personality.
Joining a national network: The national writing project
Authors: Gray James
Published: October 2006

With 138 sites nationwide and over 70,000 teachers participating each year, the National Writing Project offers an existing and readily available opportunity for affiliation in pursuit of improved writing instruction.
Continuous content updating: The Stockton connection
Authors: Daly William T. , Jassel Lucinda
Published: October 2006

The Stockton Connection demonstrates the possibility of translating the latest research developments in all of the major curricular areas into classroom‐useable materials, and the possibility of teaching those content materials in ways that require students to develop higher‐order thinking skills.
The time is now: Educating citizens for a high‐tech world
Authors: Daly William T.
Published: October 2006

The “crisis” in American education is a major opportunity for the most venturesome of American educators. Education in general and collaborative education in particular will find increasing levels of political and financial support.
Leading the honors seminar: Applied group dynamics
Authors: Grove Theodore G.
Published: October 2006

The quality of an honors seminar reflects more than
the material content of the course and the instructor's
preferred style; it is in large measure a function of
the extent to which the instructor attends to
small‐group processes.
Extending teacher preparation programs
Authors: Scannell Dale P.
Published: October 2006

More comprehensive teacher education programs are required
to provide adequate attention to the liberal arts and
teaching field content and to enhance what is
known about effective teaching.
Short‐term coping techniques for managing stress
Authors: Grasha Anthony F.
Published: October 2006

This chapter describes several short‐term self‐help techniques for coping with sources for faculty stress identified in this sourcebook.
Institutional preventive stress management
Authors: Quick James C.
Published: October 2006

Stress is an inevitable characteristic of academic life, yet effective institutional preventive stress management can avert distress.
The faculty renewal program at the university of Georgia
Authors: Simpson Ronald D. , Jackson William K.
Published: October 2006

A creative renewal program, designed by and for the faculty at the University of Georgia, has proven to be a promising approach to instructional improvement and faculty development.
Learning how to think: Being earnest is important, but it's not enough
Authors: Stice James E.
Published: October 2006

What are the goals of education? We can teach people a lot, but if we do not teach them how to use what they know, we have fallen short of what we all have the potential of achieving.
Using student ratings to improve instruction
Authors: Stevens Joseph J.
Published: October 2006

Instructional improvement programs are most likely to be effective when a more complete model is used.
Giving students feedback
Authors: Lowman Joseph
Published: October 2006

Evaluation need not be a dreaded but necessary evil. Experienced instructors have learned how to modify evaluation and feedback methods in large classes to reduce their negative qualities and improve student motivation and achievement.
Continuing funding, coping with less
Authors: Tandy Keith A.
Published: October 2006

Many established programs in writing across the curriculum are coming to the end of their outside funding. What are the options open to leaders of such programs?
The challenge of TA training in the 1990s
Authors: Nyquist Jody D. , Abbott Robert D. , Wulff Donald H.
Published: October 2006

With the development of disciplinary knowledge, greater student diversity, advances in learning theory, and an increased emphasis on undergraduate education, the design of effective TA training must consider the interaction of many dimensions that affect TAs' performance.
Socialization of teaching assistants
Authors: Staton Ann Q. , Darling Ann L.
Published: October 2006

Socialization of TAs occurs through a process of communication as newcomers learn what it means to be teachers as well as graduate students.
Review of research on TA training
Authors: Abbott Robert D. , Wulff Donald H. , Szego C. Kati
Published: October 2006

More research on training strategies is needed to inform the practices of TA training.
Social work and the liberal arts perspective: A mandate in search of a mission
Authors: Winship James P.
Published: October 2006

The agendas of the social work profession's accrediting group and the society served by the profession call for revitalizing the linkage between social work and the liberal arts.
Classroom assessment: Improving learning quality where it matters most
Authors: Angelo Thomas A.
Published: October 2006

By becoming skilled assessors of their students' learning, faculty can improve the quality of higher education where it matters most—in their own classrooms.
Using psychological models to understand student motivation
Authors: Lucas Ann F.
Published: October 2006

Efforts to enhance student motivation can be made more effective if they are approached from the perspective of psychological models of what drives human behavior.
“study” your way to better teaching
Authors: Weimer Maryellen
Published: October 2006

Faculty, like all other professionals, should be conscious of the need for continuing education in teaching as well as in mastery of their disciplines. This chapter lists some resources to help them keep up‐to‐date.
Practical decisions in developing and operating a faculty evaluation system
Authors: Arreola Raoul A. , Aleamoni Lawrence M.
Published: October 2006

Decisions made in developing evaluation systems and the small details of operation can render even the most sophisticated measurement instruments useless. What are the important practical considerations that can help institutions avoid these problems?.
The dimensionality of ratings and their use in personnel decisions
Authors: Abrami Philip C. , D'apollonia Sylvia
Published: October 2006

Teaching is a complex activity with many dimensions, which can be evaluated separately or globally. Global ratings are better for personnel decisions.
The art of deliberalizing: A handbook for the true professional
Authors: Booth Wayne C.
Published: October 2006

College ranking scales, projects for image enhancement, and similar paraphernalia that preoccupy today's university administratiors detract from the main business of undergraduate teaching and liberal education.
The transforming of the American mind
Authors: Gates Henry Louis
Published: October 2006

Education in a democratic society must include education about, by, and for minorities.
What theories of motivation say about why learners learn
Authors: McMillan James H. , Forsyth Donelson R.
Published: October 2006

Theories of motivation suggest that appropriate attention to students' needs and expectations for success will enhance their involvement and learning.
The interactions of teaching improvement
Authors: Brinko Kathleen T.
Published: October 2006

Consultants and clients take on various roles when they engage in discussions about teaching. What interactions take place in these sessions? How effective are these interactions and are there ways to ensure their success?.
Designing interdisciplinary courses
Authors: Newell William H.
Published: October 2006

This step‐by‐step guide to the design of interdisciplinary courses
explores their underlying theoretical rationales and expected educational outcomes while offering concrete suggestions and examples for every step of the course design and instruction process.
Faculty speak to advising
Authors: Kelly James
Published: October 2006

The role of faculty in advising has emerged as a point of concern for many colleges and universities. Through surveys, interviews, and videotape presentations, the author has collected faculty attitudes about advising since 1982.
The role of faculty advising in science and engineering
Authors: Cogdell J. R.
Published: October 2006

This chapter offers some general advice for faculty advisers but focuses on distinctive elements for advising in technical subjects, particularly in dealing with incoming transfer students who have technical credits to transfer. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of the use of computer‐based information systems.
Understanding self‐regulated learning
Authors: Pintrich Paul R.
Published: October 2006

Self‐regulated learning is an important component of learning for college students. Students can learn how to become self‐regulated learners, and faculty can foster self‐regulated learning in their classrooms.
The role of motivational strategies in self‐regulated learning
Authors: Garcia Teresa
Published: October 2006

Self‐regulated learning involves affective concerns as well as cognitive outcomes. The motivational strategies of defensive pessimism and self‐handicapping, in particular, can determine how students learn and study.
Disciplinary and institutional differences in undergraduate education goals
Authors: Smart John C. , Ethington Corinna A.
Published: October 2006

Disciplinary and institutional differences in the importance faculty attach to alternative goals for undergraduate education are examined, and implications are discussed for curricular and pedagogical interventions.
Awards to individuals
Authors: Menges Robert J.
Published: October 2006

Problems common to awards programs can be avoided by subjecting them to three tests of program effectiveness.
Promoting excellence in teaching in pharmaceutical education: The master teacher credentialling program
Authors: Meyer Susan M. , Penna Richard P.
Published: October 2006

Can disciplinary societies take the lead in honoring exemplary teaching? One organization is proposing a process to do just that.
Differentiating the related concepts of ethics, morality, law, and justice
Authors: Ray Terry T.
Published: October 2006

This chapter offers practical differentiations among the meanings of certain terms central to the modern‐day ethics dialogue. Clarity in communication not only can reduce unnecessary and nonproductive disputation but also can lead to developing appropriately ethical campus climates.
Cooperative learning: Making “groupwork” work
Authors: Smith Karl A.
Published: October 2006

Students working cooperatively in carefully‐structured small groups can maximize their own and each other's learning.
Sudden deterioration in nonclassical infantile‐onset Pompe disease responding to alglucosidase alfa infusion therapy: A case report
Authors: Pascual‐Pascual S. I. , Rubio P. , Albajara L. , Gutierrez M. , Chabas A. , Alvarado F.
Published: October 2006

A patient with atypical infantile Pompe disease suffered acute respiratory insufficiency at the age of 8 years which resulted in complete immobilization and dependence on assisted ventilation. Shortly after initiation of enzyme replacement therapy, she regained her mobility and, after 20 months of treatment, she now leads an almost normal life with limited restrictions.
Word-based morphology
Authors: BLEVINS JAMES P.
Published: October 2006

This paper examines two contrasting perspectives on morphological analysis, and considers inflectional patterns that bear on the choice between these alternatives. On what is termed an ABSTRACTIVE perspective, surface word forms are regarded as basic morphotactic units of a grammatical system, with roots, stems and exponents treated as abstractions over a lexicon of word forms. This traditional standpoint is contrasted with the more CONSTRUCTIVE perspective of post-Bloomfieldian models, in which surface word forms are ‘built’ from sub-word units. Part of the interest of this contrast is that it cuts across conventional divisions of morphological models. Thus, realization-based models are morphosyntactically ‘word-based’ in the sense that they regard words as the minimal meaningful units of a grammatical system. Yet morphotactically, these models tend to adopt a constructive ‘root-based’ or ‘stem-based’ perspective. An examination of some form-class patterns in Saami, Estonian and Georgian highlights advantages of an abstractive model, and suggests that these advantages derive from the fact that sets of words often predict other word forms and determine a morphotactic analysis of their parts, whereas sets of sub-word units are of limited predictive value and typically do not provide enough information to recover word forms.
Remarks on Minimalist feature theory and Move
Authors: ADGER DAVID
Published: October 2006

I'd like to start this brief response to Asudeh & Toivonen's 2006 review article ‘Symptomatic imperfections’ (henceforth SI) with a word of thanks for the careful job they've done and generally collegial manner in which they've done it. They make many good points about Adger (2000; Core syntax – henceforth CS) which will help a great deal in improving the book for any future edition. Because of this, I don't want to dwell on any minor quibbles I have about their comments. Instead, I'd like to focus on some broader conclusions they draw about the theoretical devices used in CS and the perspective taken there. My remarks will address mainly SI's concerns about the feature theory I outlined in CS, and the question of movement.
The classical and the one-and-a-half ventricular options for surgical repair in patients with discordant atrioventricular connections
Authors: Backer Carl L. , Stewart Robert D. , Mavroudis Constantine
Published: October 2006

The classical option for surgical repair in patients with congenitally corrected transposition takes advantage of the physiologic correction provided by nature. At the end of the surgical procedures, however, the morphologically right ventricle remains as the systemic ventricle. Surgical intervention is essentially the correction of associated lesions, including closure of ventricular septal defects, pulmonary valvotomy, placement of a conduit from the morphologically left ventricle to the pulmonary arteries, replacement of the morphologically tricuspid valve, and placement of pacemakers for third degree atrioventricular block. For many years, the classical approach was the “standard” surgical approach.1–4More recently, newer alternatives have become available, including forms of anatomic repair, the “one-and-a half” ventricular option, and conversion to the Fontan circulation. The goal of anatomic repair is to craft connections such that the morphologically left ventricle becomes the systemic ventricle. Surgical techniques that accomplish this are a Rastelli procedure combined with an atrial baffle,5and the combination of an arterial switch with an atrial baffle, be it a Mustard or Senning procedure.6
Current state of the art for use of pacemakers and defibrillators in patients with congenital cardiac malformations
Authors: Stephenson Elizabeth A. , Kaltman Jonathan R.
Published: October 2006

As patients with congenital cardiac malformations increasingly survive therapeutic interventions, and our understanding of primary electrical diseases increases, the landscape of paediatric and congenital electrophysiology is expanding. Electrophysiologic abnormalities, both tachycardic and bradycardic, are commonly seen in post-operative patients with congenital cardiac disease, as well as being part of the natural history of congenital malformations and cardiomyopathies. Disturbances of rhythm represent an increasing morbidity in this population, and therapies using devices in the form of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators have taken on a correspondingly important role. In this review, we discuss some of the key features and recent advances in pacing for bradycardia, resynchronization pacing, anti-tachycardia pacing, and use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
RNA interference‐inducing hairpin RNAs in plants act through the viral defence pathway
Authors: Fusaro Adriana F , Matthew Louisa , Smith Neil A , Curtin Shaun J , Dedic‐Hagan Jasmina , Ellacott Geoff A , Watson John M , Wang Ming‐Bo , Brosnan Chris , Carroll Bernard J , Waterhouse Peter M
Published: October 2006

RNA interference (RNAi) is widely used to silence genes in plants and animals. It operates through the degradation of target mRNA by endonuclease complexes guided by approximately 21 nucleotide (nt) short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). A similar process regulates the expression of some developmental genes through approximately 21 nt microRNAs. Plants have four types of Dicer‐like (DCL) enzyme, each producing small RNAs with different functions. Here, we show that DCL2, DCL3 and DCL4 in Arabidopsis process both replicating viral RNAs and RNAi‐inducing hairpin RNAs (hpRNAs) into 22‐, 24‐ and 21 nt siRNAs, respectively, and that loss of both DCL2 and DCL4 activities is required to negate RNAi and to release the plant's repression of viral replication. We also show that hpRNAs, similar to viral infection, can engender long‐distance silencing signals and that hpRNA‐induced silencing is suppressed by the expression of a virus‐derived suppressor protein. These findings indicate that hpRNA‐mediated RNAi in plants operates through the viral defence pathway.
Ras triggers acidosis-induced activation of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Haworth Robert S. , Dashnyam Semjidmaa , Avkiran Metin
Published: October 2006

In cardiac myocytes, sustained (3 min) intracellular acidosis activates the ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) pathway and, through this pathway, increases sarcolemmal NHE (Na+/H+ exchanger) activity [Haworth, McCann, Snabaitis, Roberts and Avkiran (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 31676–31684]. In the present study, we aimed to determine the time-dependence, pH-dependence and upstream signalling mechanisms of acidosis-induced ERK1/2 activation in ARVM (adult rat ventricular myocytes). Cultured ARVM were subjected to intracellular acidosis for up to 20 min by exposure to NH4Cl, followed by washout with a bicarbonate-free Tyrode solution containing the NHE1 inhibitor cariporide. After the desired duration of intracellular acidosis, the phosphorylation status of ERK1/2 and its downstream effector p90RSK (90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase) were determined by Western blotting. This revealed a time-dependent transient phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and p90RSK by intracellular acidosis (intracellular pH ∼6.6), with maximum activation occurring at 3 min and a return to basal levels by 20 min. When the degree of intracellular acidosis was varied from ∼6.8 to ∼6.5, maximum ERK1/2 phosphorylation was observed at an intracellular pH of 6.64. Inhibition of MEK1/2 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK kinase 1/2) by pre-treatment of ARVM with U0126 or adenoviral expression of dominant-negative D208A-MEK1 protein prevented the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by sustained intracellular acidosis, as did inhibition of Raf-1 with GW 5074 or ZM 336372. Interference with Ras signalling by the adenoviral expression of dominant-negative N17-Ras protein or with FPT III (farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor III) also prevented acidosis-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas inhibiting G-protein signalling [by adenoviral expression of RGS4 or Lsc, the RGS domain of p115 RhoGEF (guanine nucleotide-exchange factor)] or protein kinase C (with bisindolylmaleimide I) had no effect. Our data show that, in ARVM, sustained intracellular acidosis activates ERK1/2 through proximal activation of the classical Ras/Raf/MEK pathway.
Carboxyatractyloside effects on brown-fat mitochondria imply that the adenine nucleotide translocator isoforms ANT1 and ANT2 may be responsible for basal and fatty-acid-induced uncoupling respectively
Authors: Shabalina Irina G. , Kramarova Tatiana V. , Nedergaard Jan , Cannon Barbara
Published: October 2006

In brown-fat mitochondria, fatty acids induce thermogenic uncoupling through activation of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1). However, even in brown-fat mitochondria from UCP1−/− mice, fatty-acid-induced uncoupling exists. In the present investigation, we used the inhibitor CAtr (carboxyatractyloside) to examine the involvement of the ANT (adenine nucleotide translocator) in the mediation of this UCP1-independent fatty-acid-induced uncoupling in brown-fat mitochondria. We found that the contribution of ANT to fatty-acid-induced uncoupling in UCP1−/− brown-fat mitochondria was minimal (whereas it was responsible for nearly half the fatty-acid-induced uncoupling in liver mitochondria). As compared with liver mitochondria, brown-fat mitochondria exhibit a relatively high (UCP1-independent) basal respiration (‘proton leak’). Unexpectedly, a large fraction of this high basal respiration was sensitive to CAtr, whereas in liver mitochondria, basal respiration was CAtr-insensitive. Total ANT protein levels were similar in brown-fat mitochondria from wild-type mice and in liver mitochondria, but the level was increased in brown-fat mitochondria from UCP1−/− mice. However, in liver, only Ant2 mRNA was found, whereas in brown adipose tissue, Ant1 and Ant2 mRNA levels were equal. The data are therefore compatible with a tentative model in which the ANT2 isoform mediates fatty-acid-induced uncoupling, whereas the ANT1 isoform may mediate a significant part of the high basal proton leak in brown-fat mitochondria.