bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic inference of orchid population dynamics on different‐aged lava flows in Costa Rica
Authors: Trapnell Dorset W. , Hamrick James L.
Published: October 2022

Colonization is a fundamental ecological process that is important for the persistence of species, particularly when a changing environment necessitates range shifts. Vacant habitats available for colonization often arise from landscape disturbance. Colonization and population expansion processes can be inferred by examining the levels and spatial distribution of genetic variation of plant populations with known disturbance histories. Samples (N = 690) of the terrestrial orchid, Epidendrum radicans, were collected from five lava flow sites on the slopes of Volcán Arenal in Costa Rica that last experienced major eruptions in 1968 and 1992. Individuals were also sampled (N = 188) from four regional populations. Samples were characterized using 15 nuclear genetic markers and analyzed using population genetics statistics. Genetic diversity within sites was moderate (He = 0.092–0.192). Contrary to expectation, diversity tended to be lower on the older lava flows (0.131 vs. 0.172) which may reflect their more sheltered topography that restricted pollen/seed immigration, and/or greater intra‐ and interspecific competition. Genetic diversity measures indicate that the lava flows were colonized by numerous individuals that likely originated from multiple sources while spatial genetic structure (SGS) statistics indicate that most recruitment in the study sites subsequent to colonization resulted from in situ reproduction and localized seed deposition. Younger sites had significantly greater SGS over larger distances which reflects fewer reproductive events, and less spatial and temporal overlap of seed shadows relative to the older sites. Clones were also generally smaller on the younger sites (≤3 m vs. ≤8 m).
Export conditions in small countries and their effects on domestic markets
Authors: Alfaro Martin , Warzynski Frederic
Published: October 2022

In a small country's industries, it is common that both small and large firms export a significant share of their total production. How does better export access affect the domestic market when this occurs? Incorporating investments in quality that require fixed outlays and increase a variety's appeal in all countries, we show that an export shock entails two opposing mechanisms. On the one hand, it induces quality upgrades that raise the domestic market share of large firms. On the other hand, it fosters entry of small firms, making large firms lose domestic market share and downgrade quality. Using Danish data, we show that small firms in some industries are so heavily export‐oriented that better export opportunities reallocate domestic market share towards the least productive domestic firms. And while competition by small firms reduces some large firms' domestic markups, it also leads some to downgrade quality and suffer a substantial fall in profits.
A biogeographical approach to characterizing the climatic, physical and geomorphic niche of the most widely distributed mangrove species,Avicennia marina
Authors: Martínez‐Díaz Marycarmen G. , Reef Ruth
Published: October 2022

Aim

Mangroves are coastal ecosystems exposed to terrestrial, marine, geomorphic and climatic forcings operating in concert, making the mangrove niche hard to define, as evidenced by extremely poor restoration outcomes. We have developed a set of high‐resolution species distribution models and interpreted the variables that have the largest impact on the niche ofAvicennia marina, the most globally widespread mangrove species, to comprehensively detail the forcings driving habitat suitability.

Location

Australia.

Time period

1970–2020.

Major taxa studied

Avicennia marina(Forssk.) Vierh.

Methods

We modelled the suitable habitat forA. marinain Australia using the maxent method incorporating 38 environmental variables and the Global Mangrove Watch baseline for the presence records. Using k‐means grouping, we identified subregions where similar suites of environmental variables influence habitat suitability, while also identifying biogeographical commonalities among the subregions. To better understand the low realization of the fundamental niche, we analysed the other land covers occupying the niche.

Results

Avicennia marinain Australia occupies six different environmental subregions. Maxent distribution models accurately predicted the presence ofA. marinain each subpopulation (AUC > 0.9).A. marina's presence in all subregions was strongly determined by its proximity to freshwater. Precipitation and temperature extreme values were more important than average values in predicting the species presence. The species requires low‐energy coastlines with high solar radiation. The suitable areas are primarily shared with salt marshes, seagrass and buildings or cleared land.

Main conclusions

Our results offer a baseline for the suitable area ofA. marina's presence that includes a range of environmental conditions,A. marinacurrently occupies <50% of its suitable habitat, and there is scope for restoration with significant ecosystem service gains. The six different subregions in Australia map to known phylogenetically distinct populations, indicating genetic plasticity in response to region specific climatic conditions.
In vivo exclusion of giant aortic thrombus
Authors: Baltodano‐Arellano Roberto , Zuñiga‐Luna Carlos , Cachicatari‐Beltran Angela , Cupe‐Chacalcaje Kelly , Benites‐Yshpilco Lindsay
Published: October 2022

We present the case of a 53‐year‐old patient with a giant floating thrombus in the aortic arch associated with proximal stenosis of the left subclavian artery diagnosed by multimodal imaging. Left carotid‐subclavian shunt and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) were successful. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) played a substantial role in the safety and efficacy of the endovascular procedure and should be considered as an additional guide to fluoroscopy for this type of procedure.
Artificial intelligence for automated evaluation of aortic measurements in 2D echocardiography: Feasibility, accuracy, and reproducibility
Authors: Karužas Arnas , Balčiūnas Justinas , Fukson Mark , Verikas Dovydas , Matuliauskas Dovydas , Platūkis Tautvydas , Vaičiulienė Dovilė , Jurgaitytė Julija , Kupstytė‐Krištaponė Nora , Dirsienė Rūta , Jaruševičius Gediminas , Šakalytė Gintarė , Plisienė Jurgita , Lesauskaitė Vaiva
Published: October 2022

Aims

This study sought to examine the feasibility, accuracy and reproducibility of a novel, fully automated 2D transthoracic echocardiography (2D TTE) parasternal long axis (PLAX) view aortic measurements quantification software compared to board‐certified cardiologists in controlled clinical setting.

Methods and results

Aortic Annulus (AoA), Aortic Sinus (AoS), Sinotubular Junction (STJ) and Proximal Ascending Aorta (AAo) diameter measurements were performed retrospectively on each of 58 subjects in two different ways: twice using a fully automated software (Ligence Heart version 2) and twice manually by three cardiologists (ORG) and one expert cardiologist (EC). Out of 58 studies AoA was measured in 54 (93%), AoS in 55 (95%), STJ in 55 (95%) and AAo in 54 (93%) studies. Automated measurements had a stronger correlation with EC when compared to ORG with the largest correlation difference of .1 for STJ measurements and lowest difference of .01 for AoS measurements. Automated software was in higher agreement with ground truth intervals (ORG measurements mean +‐ SEM) in three out of four measurements.

Conclusion

Fully automated 2D TTE PLAX view aortic measurements using a novel AI‐based quantification software are feasible and yield results that are in close agreement with what experienced readers measure manually while providing better reproducibility. This approach may prove to have important clinical implications in the automation of the aortic root and ascending aorta assessment to improve workflow efficiency.
Body mass and latitude as global predictors of vertebrate populations exposure to multiple threats
Authors: Capdevila Pol , Noviello Nicola , McRae Louise , Freeman Robin , Clements Christopher F.
Published: October 2022

The interactive effects of multiple threats are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss, yet our understanding of what predisposes species to be impacted by multiple threats remains limited. Here we analyse a global dataset of over 7000 marine, freshwater and terrestrial vertebrate populations, alongside trait, threat and geographical data, to identify the factors influencing the number of threats a species is subjected to at the population level. Out of a suite of predictors tested, we find that body mass and latitude both are broadly available for vertebrate species and influence the number of threats a population is subjected to. Larger‐bodied species and those nearer the equator are typically affected by a higher number of threats. However, whilst this pattern broadly holds across ecosystems for most taxa, amphibians and reptiles show opposing trends. We suggest that latitude and body mass should be considered as key predictors to identify which vertebrate populations are likely to be impacted by multiple threats. These general predictors can help to better understand the impacts of the Anthropocene on global vertebrate biodiversity and design effective conservation policies.
Extended follow‐up after anterior temporal lobectomy demonstrates seizure recurrence 20+ years postsurgery
Authors: McIntosh Anne M. , Wynd Alex W. , Berkovic Samuel F.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for medication‐resistant localized epilepsy results in ablation or reduction of seizures for most patients. However, some individuals who attain an initial extended period of postsurgical seizure freedom will experience a later seizure recurrence. In this study, we examined the prevalence and some risk factors for late recurrence in an ATL cohort with extensive regular follow‐up.

Methods

Included were 449 patients who underwent ATL at Austin Health, Australia, from 1978 to 2008. Postsurgical follow‐up was undertaken 2–3 yearly. Seizure recurrence was tested using Kaplan–Meier analysis, log‐rank test, and Cox regression. Late recurrence was qualified as a first disabling seizure >2 years postsurgery. We examined risks within the ATL cohort according to broad pathology groups and tested whether late recurrence differed for the ATL cohort compared to patients who had resections outside the temporal lobe (n = 98).

Results

Median post‐ATL follow‐up was 22 years (range = .1–38.6), 6% were lost to follow‐up, and 12% had died. Probabilities for remaining completely seizure‐free after surgery were 51% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 53–63) at 2 postoperative years, 36% (95% CI = 32–41) at 10 years, 32% (95% CI = 27–36) at 20 years, and 30% (95% CI = 25–34) at 25 years. Recurrences were reported up to 23 years postoperatively. Late seizures occurred in all major ATL pathology groups, with increased risk in the "normal" and "distant lesion" groups (p ≤ .03). Comparison between the ATL cohort and patients who underwent extratemporal resection demonstrated similar patterns of late recurrence (p = .74).

Significance

Some first recurrences were very late, reported decades after ATL. Late recurrences were not unique to any broad ATL pathology group and did not differ according to whether resections were ATL or extratemporal. Reports of these events by patients with residual pathology suggest that potentially epileptogenic abnormalities outside the area of resection may be implicated as one of several possible underlying mechanisms.
Machine learning techniques for the ab initio Bravais lattice determination
Authors: Silva‐Ramírez Esther‐Lydia , Cumbrera‐Conde Inmaculada , Cano‐Crespo Rafael , Cumbrera Francisco‐Luis
Published: October 2022

Machine learning‐based algorithms have been widely applied recently in different areas due to its ability to solve problems in all fields. In this research, machine learning techniques classifying the Bravais lattices from a conventional X‐ray diffraction diagram have been applied. Indexing algorithms are an essential tool of the preliminary protocol for the structural determination problem in crystallography. The task of reverting the obtained information in reciprocal lattice to direct space is a complex issue. As an alternative way to afford this problem, different machine learning algorithms have been applied and a comparison between them has been conducted. The obtained accuracy was 95.9% using 10‐fold cross‐validation (while the best result obtained so far has been 84%). A model based on Bragg positions was our unique predictor, allowing us to obtain the set of the interplanar lattice distances. Our model was successfully checked with a complex example. In addition, our procedure incorporates the following advantages: robustness versus imprecision in data acquisition and reduction of the amount of necessary input data. This is the first time so far that such classification has been carried out in true ab initio condition.
Local migrant kin or floating grandmother? Reflections on mobility and informal childcare support strategies among Polish migrants in Ireland
Authors: Bojarczuk Sara
Published: October 2022

This study investigates mobilization of social support for informal childcare among working Polish mothers in Dublin. The research incorporates 61 semi‐structured interviews and maps of ego‐centric networks built around the support and childcare organization. Embedded in a support network and transnational family configuration perspective, this study assesses how migrant mothers use the local and transnational connections to mobilize informal child‐minding strategies. The results show a great reliance on strong ties, especially partners whose support constitutes a backbone of the family being together. Beyond that, floating grandmothers have proven to be a significant provider of childcare from a transnational perspective. The heavy reliance on the local migrant kin and friends is crucial in providing ad hoc crisis support when transnational ties cannot be mobilized. This in turn demonstrates that distance matters, and while strong ties are not available, the local weak ties are more likely to be relied on.
The psychological consequences of living with coronary heart disease: Are patients' psychological needs served? A mixed‐method study in Germany
Authors: Peltzer Samia , Köstler Ursula , Müller Hendrik , Scholten Nadine , Schulz‐Nieswandt Frank , Jessen Frank , Albus Christian ,   The CoRe‐Net Study Group
Published: October 2022

Introduction

This mixed‐method study explores psychological needs, access and barriers in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with and without mental health issues (MHI) within the German healthcare system.

Methods

This study was conducted in three different healthcare settings: two hospitals, two rehabilitation clinics and three cardiology practices in Cologne, Germany. Patients were screened for angiographically documented CHD and other inclusion criteria. In total, 364 CHD patients took part in this study. It consisted of two parts: In the first part, participants filled in a newly developed questionnaire about their psychological needs, access and barriers within the healthcare system and their contact with their doctor in these matters. Then, patients were screened for MHIs with the help of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). When a score above seven was scored on the HADS, patients were additionally screened for specific MHIs using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I Disorders. In the second part, 20 participants were subsequently interviewed in a semi‐structured interview to generate more in‐depth findings.

Results

The interviews show that CHD patients with and without MHI experienced a cardiac event as life‐changing and had an urgent need to talk about CHD with their doctor, mostly the general practitioner (GP). When the GP spoke to the patient shortly after the cardiac event, patients experienced relief and were better able to cope with their illness. Only 9.1% reported being aided in their search for psychotherapeutic treatment or drug treatment (4.1%).

Conclusion

The needs of CHD patients with and without MHI were not adequately satisfied within our sample. Psychological measures are necessary for sufficient improvement, such as training of doctors in doctor–patient communication (e.g., better support in coping with MHI/CHD), improvements in the procedure (more time for conversations during doctor contacts), and improvement of structural requirements (referring patients faster to psychotherapists).

Patient or Public Contribution

We received input from patients during pretests and used the feedback to tailor our questionnaire and the interview guidelines. Afterwards, we disseminated the main results for the patient and public involvement (e.g., public lectures, leaflets for self‐help groups, etc.).
Cost‐effective fabrication of α‐SiAlON ceramics with CeO2 addition for cutting tool applications
Authors: Zhang Jing , Sun Feng , Zhang Weiru , Jiang Changxi
Published: October 2022

SiAlON ceramic tools exhibit unique performance superiority in the machining of nickel‐based heat‐resistant superalloys (HRSA). Production cost is a critical obstacle for the wide application of SiAlON inserts. In this work, the cost‐effective preparation of α‐SiAlON ceramics was implemented using aqueous slurry, and the effects of CeO2 content on the densification, phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, and toughening mechanism of the materials were investigated. The addition of CeO2 enhanced the anisotropic growth of α‐SiAlON grains, which enabled the ceramics to obtain higher flexural strength and fracture toughness. Although a decrease in Vickers hardness would occur when CeO2 content was 3 or 5 wt.%, ascribed to the amount increase of the intergranular phase in the samples. The α‐SiAlON ceramics doped with 1‐wt.% CeO2 achieved the extremely high density and mechanical properties with the relative density, flexural strength, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness of 99.6% ± .1%, 931 ± 62 MPa, 19.7 ± .2 GPa, and 7.2 ± .2 MPa m1/2, respectively, which could be a candidate cutting tool material for use in the efficient machining of nickel‐based HRSA.
Management of iron‐deficiency anemia following acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage: A narrative analysis and review
Authors: Lanas Angel , Andrews Jane M , Lau James , Toruner Murat , Bromley Susan E , Gralnek Ian M
Published: October 2022

Many patients experiencing acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) require iron supplementation to treat subsequent iron deficiency (ID) or iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA). Guidelines regarding management of these patients are lacking. We aimed to identify areas of unmet need in patients with ID/IDA following acute GIB in terms of patient management and physician guidance. We formed an international working group of gastroenterologists to conduct a narrative review based on PubMed and EMBASE database searches (from January 2000 to February 2021), integrated with observations from our own clinical experience. Published data on this subject are limited and disparate, and those relating to post‐discharge outcomes, such as persistent anemia and re‐hospitalization, are particularly lacking. Often, there is no post‐discharge follow‐up of these patients by a gastroenterologist. Acute GIB‐related ID/IDA, however, is a prevalent condition both at the time of hospital admission and at hospital discharge and is likely underdiagnosed and undertreated. Despite limited data, there appears to be notable variation in the prescribing of intravenous (IV)/oral iron regimens. There is also some evidence suggesting that, compared with oral iron, IV iron may restore iron levels faster following acute GIB, have a better tolerability profile, and be more beneficial in terms of quality of life. Gaps in patient care exist in the management of acute GIB‐related ID/IDA, yet further data from large population‐based studies are needed to confirm this. We advocate the formulation of evidence‐based guidance on the use of iron therapies in these patients, aiding a more standardized best‐practice approach to patient care.
The value of clinical symptoms, the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and ultrasonographic features in predicting adnexal torsion: A case–control study
Authors: Aiob Ala , Lowenstein Lior , Borik Inna , Naskovica Karina , Mikhail Susana Mustafa , Odeh Marwan
Published: October 2022

Aim

Adnexal torsion remains a diagnostic challenge due to the nonspecific symptoms, sonographic features, and laboratory findings. The value of combining clinical, sonographic, and laboratory features is not well established, and controversy continues regarding their value in diagnosis. This study aimed to review sonographic, clinical, and laboratory features and to analyze their value separately and in combination, in managing and diagnosing adnexal torsions.

Methods

The study included 278 women who underwent urgent laparoscopic surgery due to suspected adnexal torsion, according to clinical suspicion, with or without sonographic concordance. Laparoscopy findings confirmed the definitive diagnosis of torsion. Clinical laboratory and sonographic features were compared between those with and without adnexal torsion.

Results

Adnexal torsion was confirmed in 110/278 (39.6%) women. In the torsion compared to nontorsion group, proportions were higher of women with acute abdominal pain in the preceding 24 h ([50] 45.5% vs. [35] 20.8%, p < 0.001), with vomiting ([45] 40.9% vs. [24] 14.3%, p < 0.001) and with suspected torsion by transvaginal sonography ([49] 44.5% vs. [23] 13.7%, p < 0.001). A high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (>3) was identified in 65 (59.1%) of the study group and 60 (35.7%) of the control group (p < 0.001). Combining the latter three findings, the predicted probability of torsion was 58%–85%, depending on the combinations.

Conclusions

A simple predictive model based on combinations of clinical, laboratory, and sonographic findings can contribute to preoperative diagnosis of adnexal torsion, with predicted probability of 85%. Our model may assist clinicians in evaluating women with suspected adnexal torsion, and improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy.
FBXO31 sensitizes cancer stem cells‐like cells to cisplatin by promoting ferroptosis and facilitating proteasomal degradation of GPX4 in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Zhiwen , Zheng Yang , He Huijuan , Yang Liangfang , Yang Jiaqi , Li Mingyi , Dai Wei , Huang Haili
Published: October 2022

Background & Aims

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumour originating from the biliary epithelium that easily infiltrates, metastasizes and recurs. The deficiency of FBXO31 facilitates the initiation and progression of several types of cancer. However, the involvement of FBXO31 in CCA progression has remained unclear.

Methods

qRT‐PCR was used to detect the expression of FBXO31 in CCA. The biological functions of FBXO31 were confirmed in vivo and in vitro. Sphere formation and flow cytometry were used to identify the stem cell properties of CCA.

Results

FBXO31 is downregulated in CCA and that deficiency of FBXO31 is associated with the TNM stage of CCA. Functional studies showed FBXO31 inhibits cell growth, migration, invasion, cancer stem cell (CSC) properties and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and impedes tumour growth in vivo. In addition, overexpression of FBXO31 increases the cisplatin (CDDP) sensitivity of CCA cells. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that FBXO31 is involved in redox biology and metal ion metabolism in CCA cells during CDDP treatment. Further studies revealed that FBXO31 enhances ferroptosis induced by CDDP in CCA and CSC‐like cells. FBXO31 enhances ubiquitination of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which leads to proteasomal degradation of GPX4. Moreover, overexpression of GPX4 compromises the promoting effects of FBXO31 on CDDP‐induced ferroptosis in CCA and CSC‐like cells.

Conclusions

Our studies indicate that FBXO31 functions as a tumour suppressor in CCA and sensitizes CSC‐like cells to CDDP by promoting ferroptosis and facilitating the proteasomal degradation of GPX4.
ZmCCT10‐relayed photoperiod sensitivity regulates natural variation in the arithmetical formation of male germinal cells in maize
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Zi , Jiang Huan , Luo Jin‐Hong , Guo Ting , Tian Feng , Rossi Vincenzo , He Yan
Published: October 2022

Extensive mutational screening studies have documented genes regulating anther and pollen development. Knowledge concerning how formation of male germinal cell is arithmetically controlled in natural populations, under different environmental conditions, is lacking.

We counted pollen number within a single anther and a maize–teosinte BC2S3 recombinant inbred line population to identify ZmCCT10 as a major determinant of pollen number variation.

ZmCCT10 was originally identified as a photoperiod‐sensitive negative regulator of flowering. ZmCCT10 inactivation, after transposon insertion within its promoter, is proposed to have accelerated maize spread toward higher latitudes, thus allowing temperate maize to flower under long‐day conditions. We showed that the active ZmCCT10 allele decreased pollen formation. As different active and inactive ZmCCT10 alleles have been found in natural maize populations, this represents the first report of a gene controlling pollen number in a crop natural population. These findings suggest that higher pollen number, which provides a competitive advantage in open‐pollinated populations, may have been one of the major driving forces for the selection of an inactive ZmCCT10 allele during tropical maize domestication.

We provide evidence that ZmCCT10 has opposite effects on cell proliferation of archesporial and tapetum cells and it modulates expression of key regulators during early anther development.
Methods for calculating coexistence mechanisms: beyond scaling factors
Authors: Johnson Evan C. , Hastings Alan
Published: October 2022

How do species coexist? A framework known as modern coexistence theory can ‘measure coexistence' by partitioning invasion growth rates into coexistence mechanisms, terms which correspond to classes of explanations for coexistence. There are several reasonable ways to define coexistence mechanisms, each depending on exactly how a species perturbed to low density (the invader) is compared to other species that remain at their typical densities (the residents). Using conceptual arguments and two case studies, we compare five methods for calculating coexistence mechanisms: 1) scaling factors, the traditional approach which attempts to eliminate the linear effects of regulating factors; 2) the simple comparison, which gives equal weight to all resident species; 3) generation time scaling, a novel method which corrects for intrinsic differences in population‐dynamical speed; 4) β scaling, where resident growth rates are scaled by a measure of relative sensitivity to competition; and 5) the invader–invader comparison, a previously obscure method in which a focal species is compared to itself at high versus low density. We find that the conventional scaling factors can lead to nonsensical results when species have strong and asymmetric niche differences; though scaling factors can be useful in certain theoretical studies, they are not recommended for explaining coexistence in real communities. Invader–invader comparisons are also problematic, as they do not effectively measure specialization or niche differentiation. The universally‐applicable simple comparison often works well, but can give counterintuitive results when species have disparate generation times. The β scaling method often works well in simple models, but faces implementation problems in complex models. We tentatively recommend generation time scaling as the all‐purpose method for calculating coexistence mechanisms.
Research Status and Hotspots of Chronic Osteomyelitis: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis
Authors: Chen Jinlun , Wang Xingyu , Li Jin , Zhang Haitao , Li Yijin , Deng Peng , Feng Wenjun , Qi Xinyu , Ye Pengcheng , Li Jiahao , Zeng Jianchun , Zeng Yirong , Li Jie , Xie Shuihua
Published: October 2022

Objective

The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis (COM) is extremely challenging for physicians and patients. It is of great significance to explore the research status, development trend and future research hotspots in the field of COM to promote the development of this field. This study is aimed to explore the global research status of COM and predict its future research hotspots based on bibliometric and visualized analysis.

Methods

Web of Science core collection database was used to search the related literature of COM from 1994 to 2020. All data were imported into Microsoft Excel 2019 for collation. Additionally, the literature quality of countries, authors, journals, and institutions is evaluated. The VOS viewer software was used for conducting co‐analysis, co‐citation analysis, and keyword co‐occurrence analysis of literature to analyze the global status and predict the future hotspots of the COM field.

Results

A total of 726 articles were retrieved in this study. The number of global publications shows a trend of wave growth, but the increase is not significant. It is expected that the number of COM articles will remain at more than 50 per year in the next decade. The COM literature published in the United States (Publications = 160, H index = 37, average citations per item = 28.63) is of the highest quality. Girschick HJ (Publications = 16, H index = 14, average citations per item = 52.25) is the most contributed scholar in the field of COM. UNIV IOWA (Publications = 15, H index = 11, average citations per item = 57.27) and UNIV WURZBURG (Publications = 18, H index = 15, average citations per item = 47.5) are influential institutions in the field of COM. The results of co‐occurrence analysis show that the field of COM can be roughly divided into the following five modules: COM surgical research, COM basic research, COM diagnosis‐related research, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO)‐related research, risk factors of COM. Risk factors of COM are the module with the highest concentration of hot words.

Conclusion

COM‐related research will continue to develop further in the next decade. The diagnosis research and risk factors of COM are the most popular research modules in recent years. Some controversial or troubled issues including the efficacy of perforator flap and fascia flap covering soft tissue, searching exclusive detection methods for the diagnosis of COM and bisphosphonates and biological agents in the treatment of CRMO may lead to the development of the COM field.
Modeling iatrogenic intraoperative hyperthermia from external warming in children: A pooled analysis from two prospective observational studies
Authors: Miller Clemens , Bräuer Anselm , Wieditz Johannes , Klose Katharina , Pancaro Carlo , Nemeth Marcus
Published: October 2022

Background

Maintenance of normothermia is an important quality metric in pediatric anesthesia. While inadvertent hypothermia is effectively prevented by forced‐air warming, this therapeutic approach can lead to iatrogenic hyperthermia in young children.

Aims

To estimate the influence of external warming by forced air on the development of intraoperative hyperthermia in anesthetized children aged 6 years or younger.

Methods

We pooled data from two previous clinical studies. Primary outcome was the course of core temperature over time analyzed by a quadratic regression model. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of hyperthermia (body core temperature >38°C), the probability of hyperthermia over the duration of warming in relation to age and surface‐area‐to‐weight ratio, respectively, analyzed by multiple logistic regression models. The influence of baseline temperature on hyperthermia was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Two hundred children (55 female) with a median age of 2.1 [1st–3rd quartile 1–4.2] years were analyzed. Mean temperature increased by 0.43°C after 1 h, 0.64°C after 2 h, and reached a peak of 0.66°C at 147 min. Overall, 33 children were hyperthermic at at least one measurement point. The odds ratios of hyperthermia were 1.14 (95%‐CI: 1.07–1.22) or 1.13 (95%‐CI: 1.06–1.21) for every 10 min of warming therapy in a model with age or surface‐area‐to weight ratio (ceteris paribus), respectively. Odds ratio was 1.33 (95%‐CI: 1.07–1.71) for a decrease of 1 year in age and 1.63 (95%‐CI: 0.93–2.83) for an increase of 0.01 in the surface‐to‐weight‐area ratio (ceteris paribus). An increase of 0.1°C in baseline temperature increased the hazard of becoming hyperthermic by a factor of 1.33 (95%‐CI: 1.23–1.43).

Conclusions

In children, external warming by forced‐air needs to be closely monitored and adjusted in a timely manner to avoid iatrogenic hyperthermia especially during long procedures, in young age, higher surface‐area‐to‐weight ratio, and higher baseline temperature.
Understanding phenomena: From social to collective?
Authors: Malfatti Federica I.
Published: October 2022

In making sense of the world, we typically cooperate, join forces, and draw on one another's competence and expertise. A group or community in which there is a well‐functioning division of cognitive‐epistemic labor can achieve levels of understanding that a single agent who relies exclusively on her own capacities would probably never achieve. However, is understanding also collective? I.e., is understanding something that can be possessed by a group or community rather than by individuals? In this paper, I develop an account of understanding phenomena according to which understanding a phenomenon requires reasonably endorsing an adequate and intelligible epistemic mediator that accounts for this phenomenon. I then show that understanding, conceived along these lines, can be attributed to collective entities. An important result of my arguments will be that a collective entity's understanding cannot (always) be reduced to the sum of the understandings of the individuals belonging to it. This is because a collective entity can sometimes be rightfully claimed to understand a phenomenon while none of its individual members understands it.
Meaning and beauty
Authors: Scripter Lucas
Published: October 2022

What place do experiences of beauty have in a meaningful life? A marginal one, at best, it would seem, if one looks at the current literature in analytic philosophy. Treatments of beauty within so‐called “analytic existentialism” tend to suffer from four limitations: beauty is neglected, reduced to artistic production, saddled to theology, or taken as a mere application of a broader theoretical framework. These discussions fail to engage with the rich tradition of philosophical aesthetics. In this essay, I begin by responding to the contention that experiences of beauty cannot lend life meaning because they are passive. Drawing on work in philosophical aesthetics, I then argue that encounters with the beautiful count as genuinely meaning‐conferring because they have features commonly taken as marks of meaningfulness.
Performance Prediction of an Axial Piston Pump With Increasing Severity of Leakage Fault in Single and Multiple Cylinders
Authors: Gupta Rishabh , Miglani Ankur , Kankar Pavan Kumar
Published: October 2022

As axial piston pumps (APP) become increasingly compact to meet the size, weight, and performance demands (high pressure ratings), they are prone to wear, and hence the leakage between the sliding parts, which run under tight tolerances. This leakage fault can degrade the pump's performance and limit its predictability and reliability. In this study, a simulation and mathematical model-based approach are presented to simulate the effect of increasing severity of leakage fault (increasing annular gap) in both single, and multiple cylinders simultaneously, on the pump performance. The Leakage is modeled as laminar flow past the uniform annular gap between the piston and cylinder. With a single faulty cylinder, as the wear (annular gap) increases the time-mean outlet flow and pressure of the pump remain constant until a critical threshold, and then reduce rapidly, leading to deterioration in the pump's volumetric efficiency. With increase in faulty cylinders this critical threshold shifts to lower magnitudes, and in the limit of more than four faulty cylinders this threshold saturates to a constant magnitude. The dynamic signal's data show that the increasing severity of leakage and increasing number of faulty cylinders modulate both the time signature and the amplitude fluctuations of the outlet pressure waveform due to the reduced flow in the discharge cycle. Further, FFT analysis of these dynamic signals, and the time-mean value of pressure and flow rate leakage fault diagnosis is presented to classify the pump's condition as either healthy or moderately faulty or severely faulty.
Nanometer-scale depth-resolved hard x-ray absorption spectroscopy based on the detection of energy-loss Auger electrons with low energies
Authors: Isomura Noritake , Oh-ishi Keiichiro , Takahashi Naoko , Kosaka Satoru
Published: October 2022

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provides information on the chemical state and atomic structure of a target element even without long-range periodicity. A depth-resolved surface-sensitive XAS method for K-edge using hard x rays is proposed herein. The principle of this method is based on the selective detection of low-energy electrons using an electron analyzer. The detected electrons originate from the LMM Auger electrons that cascade from the KLL Auger process caused by K-shell absorption and lose the energy corresponding to their travel distance in a solid. The analysis depth was confirmed to be in the nanometer range using a GaN substrate with a thin oxide film of the defined thickness. In addition, depth-resolved information regarding the local atomic structure, including the interatomic distance and crystallinity, was obtained via the Fourier transformation of the spectral oscillations. Because the proposed technique does not require a change in the detection angle, it is also expected to be used for particles and samples with uneven surfaces.
Surface plasmon resonance sensing in the advanced physics laboratory
Authors: Abdelhamid Alaa Adel , Kerrigan David , Koopman William , Werner Andrew , Givens Zachary , Donev Eugenii U.
Published: October 2022

We present a set of experiments and computations suitable for introducing upper-level undergraduate physics and engineering students to the interdisciplinary field of nanoplasmonics for periods ranging from a week-long advanced laboratory session to a summer research project. The end product is a tunable optofluidic device capable of detecting changes in a fluid medium as low as 0.002 refractive index units. The sensing element—a thin gold film on a glass prism coupled to a microfluidic cell—owes its sensitivity to the bound nature of the surface plasmon–polariton waves that are resonantly excited by evanescently coupled light at the gold–fluid interface. Pedagogically, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing immerses students in the rich physics of nanoscale optics and evanescent waves in constructing and operating a precision apparatus and in developing theoretical, analytical, and numerical models to aid both in the physical understanding and engineering optimization of the SPR sensor.
Turning the tide on female genital mutilation in a high prevalence country: a programmatic data analysis for Sudan’s comprehensive health sector response, 2016–2018
Authors: Ahmed Wisal , Puttkammer Nancy , Gloyd Stephen , Adam Amira , Eltayeb Dalya , Farquhar Carey
Published: October 2022

Sudan has about 87% of females aged 15–49 years living with female genital mutilation (FGM), mostly performed by midwives (64%). In 2016, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) adopted the WHO’s global strategy to stop healthcare providers from performing FGM. Our review of activity reports from 2016 to 2018 found the format of activities (N=95) was mainly meetings (58%) and trainings (31%) with median costs of US$10 645 and US$14 964, respectively. The FMoH (57%) and student/professional associations (25%) implemented activities at national (36%) and state (62%) level. The costs of activities were highest for FMoH compared with student/professional associations and academia, respectively.

Sudan addressed WHO’s global strategy pillars through FGM-related policies and plans (pillar 1), trainings (pillar 2) and monitoring, evaluation and accountability materials (pillar 3) targeting mainly community midwives (N=16 183) as well as creating supportive legislative and regulatory environment (pillar 4). Governmental funding on training was comparable to donor’s resulting into 31% of community midwives trained on FGM complications management. Further, 31% of community midwives signed declarations or petitions to end FGM practice, while 19% were sensitised on punitive administrative measures for conducting FGM.

Although Sudan implemented a laudable health sector response to address FGM, there is a need to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of past and ongoing interventions. Particular attention to costs and quality assurance data is essential to identify cost efficient implementation approaches to reach the remaining sizeable number of health professionals to stop their involvement in FGM.
Poor association between tendon structure and self-reported symptoms following conservative management in active soldiers with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Paantjens M A , Helmhout P H , Backx F J G , Martens M T A W , van Dongen J P A , Bakker E W P
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy (mid-AT) is currently the preferred term for persistent Achilles tendon pain, defined as located 2–7 cm proximal to the calcaneus, and with loss of function related to mechanical loading. Histologically, mid-AT is considered to represent a degenerative condition. Therefore, monitoring of tendon structure additional to pain and function may be warranted, to prevent progression of degeneration or even tendon rupture. The aim of this study was to determine the association between pain and function, relative to the Achilles tendon structure, in soldiers treated with a conservative programme for mid-AT.

Methods

A total of 40 soldiers (40 unilateral symptomatic tendons) were included in this study. Pain and function were evaluated with the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment -Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire. Tendon structure was quantified using ultrasound tissue characterisation (UTC). We quantified both the Achilles tendon mid-portion (2–7 cm) and the area of maximum degeneration (AoMD) within the tendon mid-portion. VISA-A and UTC measurements were taken at baseline and after 26 weeks of follow-up. Spearman’s rho was used to determine the correlation between VISA-A and UTC. Correlations were calculated for baseline, follow-up and change score values.

Results

Negligible correlations were found for all analyses, ranging from −0.173 to 0.166 between mid-portion tendon structure and VISA-A, and from −0.137 to 0.150 between AoMD and VISA-A. While VISA-A scores improved, on average, from 59.4 points at baseline to 93.5 points at follow-up, no detectable improvement in aligned fibrillar structure was observed in our population.

Conclusion

Pain and function are poorly associated with Achilles tendon structure in soldiers treated with a conservative programme for mid-AT. Therefore, we advise clinicians to use great caution in communicating relationships between both clinical entities.

Trial registration number

NL69527.028.19.
Good-for-Game QPTL: An Alternating Hodges Semantics
Authors: Bellier Dylan , Benerecetti Massimo , Monica Dario Della , Mogavero Fabio
Published: October 2022

An extension of
QPTL
is considered where
functional dependencies
among the quantified variables can be restricted in such a way that their current values are
independent of the future
values of the other variables. This restriction is tightly connected to the notion of
behavioral strategies
in game-theory and allows the resulting logic to naturally express game-theoretic concepts. Inspired by the work on logics of dependence and independence, we provide a new compositional semantics for
QPTL
that allows for expressing such functional dependencies among variables. The fragment where only restricted quantifications are considered, called
behavioral quantifications
, allows for linear-time properties that are satisfiable if and only if they are realisable in the Pnueli-Rosner sense. This fragment can be decided, for both
model checking
and
satisfiability
, in 2
Exp Time
and is expressively equivalent to
QPTL
, though significantly less succinct.
Nonlinear Compliant Modes for Large-deformation Analysis of Flexible Structures
Authors: Duenser Simon , Thomaszewski Bernhard , Poranne Roi , Coros Stelian
Published: October 2022

Many flexible structures are characterized by a small number of
compliant modes
, i.e., large-deformation paths that can be traversed with little mechanical effort, whereas resistance to other deformations is much stiffer. Predicting the compliant modes for a given flexible structure, however, is challenging. While linear eigenmodes capture the small-deformation behavior, they quickly divert into states of unrealistically high energy for larger displacements. Moreover, they are inherently unable to predict nonlinear phenomena such as buckling, stiffening, multistability, and contact. To address this limitation, we propose
Nonlinear Compliant Modes
—a physically principled extension of linear eigenmodes for large-deformation analysis. Instead of constraining the entire structure to deform along a given eigenmode, our method only prescribes the projection of the system’s state onto the linear mode while all other degrees of freedom follow through energy minimization. We evaluate the potential of our method on a diverse set of flexible structures, ranging from compliant mechanisms to topology-optimized joints and structured materials. As validated through experiments on physical prototypes, our method correctly predicts a broad range of nonlinear effects that linear eigenanalysis fails to capture.
Hypoxia briefly increases diuresis but reduces plasma volume by fluid redistribution in women
Authors: Roche Johanna , Rasmussen Peter , Gatterer Hannes , Roveri Giulia , Turner Rachel , van Hall Gerrit , Maillard Marc , Walzl Anna , Kob Michael , Strapazzon Giacomo , Goetze Jens Peter , Schäfer Simon Thomas , Kammerer Tobias , Nader Elie , Connes Philippe , Robert Mélanie , Mueller Thomas , Feraille Eric , Siebenmann Christoph
Published: October 2022

This study is the first to investigate the mechanisms underlying plasma volume (PV) contraction in response to hypoxia in women while strictly controlling for confounders. PV contraction in women has a similar time course and magnitude as in men and is driven by the same mechanism, namely, oncotically driven redistribution rather than loss of fluid. We further report that hypoxia facilitates an increase in diuresis, that is, however, short-lived and of little relevance for PV regulation.
Coplanar Discontinuous Transmission Line Feed for Phase Gradient Metasurface Antenna
Authors: Wang Yiying , Wu Xianxi , Yan Yuntao , Wan Jianfeng , Mo Jinjun , Jiang Yannan , Yu Xinhua
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study is to efficiently excite the radiation of phase gradient metasurface (PGM), a novel coplanar discontinuous transmission line feed is proposed for reduction of the profile, where 12 uniform discontinuous rectangular rings form the feeding structure. The unit cells of PGM are symmetrically placed on both sides of this feed structure at the same layer, and they are close enough. The measurements agree well with those of simulations in the range of 10.48–11.18 GHz.