bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De-Growth is Not a Liberal Agenda: Relocalisation and the Limits to Low Energy Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Quilley Stephen
Published: March 2013

Degrowth is identified as a prospective turning point in human development as significant as the domestication of fire or the process of agrarianisation. The Transition movement is identified as the most important attempt to develop a prefigurative, local politics of degrowth. Explicating the links between capitalist modernisation, metabolic throughput and psychological individuation, Transition embraces ‘limits’ but downplays the implications of scarcity for open, liberal societies, and for inter-personal and inter-group violence. William Ophuls’ trilogy on the politics of scarcity confronts precisely these issues, but it depends on an unconvincing sociology of individuation as a central process in modernity. A framework is advanced through which to explore the tensions, trade-offs and possibilities for a socially liberal, culturally cosmopolitan and science-based civilisation under conditions of degrowth and metabolic contraction.
Increasing Muslim contribution to medical research; reviving a lost legacy
Authors: Rashid ARA
Published: March 2013

DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i2.5653Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.2 Apr 2010 pp64-67
Military Migrants: British Service Personnel in Ceylon during the Second World War
Authors: Jackson Ashley
Published: March 2013

Across the territories that comprised the British Empire, the Second World War caused many migrations, some great and some small, but all traumatic and formative for the people involved. Civilians, both local and expatriate, fled in great numbers from the threat of German or Japanese invasion; in some colonies civilians were evacuated from cities threatened by bombing or deemed militarily important; hundreds of thousands of servicemen and women moved around the world and spend significant periods of time in foreign lands – African troops resided in Asia, Indians in the East Indies and Middle East, and British servicemen and women found themselves billeted all over the Empire. Also, forming a fascinating subcategory, were the many thousands of American service personnel who served in British colonial territories. After reviewing the phenomenon of migration within the British Empire during the war, this article focuses on a case study – the experience of British (and some Australian) service personnel based in Ceylon for a range of military purposes, including office work, jungle training, and naval operations. It examines the methods used to acclimatize young service personnel, often going abroad for the first time in their lives, to the strangeness of a foreign, ‘exotic’ land. It describes the impressions the people and environment left on these wartime immigrants, before considering the recreational provisions made for them, and the sexual opportunities that sometimes arose. The article concludes that the experience of these European migrants deserves study as much as the experience of non-European servicemen and women, which has received significant attention in the scholarly literature relating to the Empire at war.
Averting an African Boycott: British Prime Minister Edward Heath and Rhodesian Participation in the Munich Olympics
Authors: Novak Andrew
Published: March 2013

In 1968, the British government of Prime Minister Harold Wilson lobbied behind the scenes for Rhodesia's exclusion from the Mexico City Olympics. Three years earlier, the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia had seceded from the British Empire under white minority rule and faced isolation from international sporting events. With the election of Conservative Prime Minister Edward Heath in 1970, British foreign policy shifted more heavily to Europe rather than the former British colonies of the Commonwealth, and Heath sought to allow Rhodesia to compete in the 1972 Munich Games lest it isolate West Germany and create a controversy similar to South Africa's expulsion from the Olympics. With the help of Foreign Minister Alec Douglas-Home, Heath manoeuvred Conservative Party factionalism on the issue of Rhodesian sanctions and the Party's traditionally ambiguous relationship with Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith. The merger between the Foreign Office and the Commonwealth Relations Office coincided with this increased emphasis on European foreign policy matters, the Foreign Office's traditional expertise. Ultimately, Rhodesia was excluded from the Olympics despite Heath's hesitation, and the threatened African boycott movement proved to be a critical episode toward the development of the Gleneagles Agreement, which ultimately led to the sporting isolation of South Africa in 1978. Relying on documents in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Archives, the International Olympic Committee Archives, the Avery Brundage papers at the University of Illinois, and microfilm of African newspapers, this paper reconstructs the pressures on Heath and the International Olympic Committee to expel Rhodesia.
Design of a Parallel Sampling Encoder for Analog to Information (A2I) Converters: Theory, Architecture and CMOS Implementation
Authors: Murray Thomas , Pouliquen Philippe , Andreou Andreas
Published: March 2013

We discuss the architecture and design of parallel sampling front ends for analog to information (A2I) converters. As a way of example, we detail the design of a custom 0.5 µm CMOS implementation of a mixed signal parallel sampling encoder architecture. The system consists of configurable parallel analog processing channels, whose output is sampled by traditional analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The analog front-end modulates the signal of interest with a high-speed digital chipping sequence and integrates the result prior to sampling at a low rate. An FPGA is employed to generate the chipping sequences and process the digitized samples.
Evaluation of Various Technologies for Wave Energy Conversion in the Portuguese Nearshore
Authors: Silva Dina , Rusu Eugen , Soares Carlos
Published: March 2013

The objective of the present work is to perform an evaluation of the performance provided by various technologies for wave energy conversion in the Portuguese continental coastal environment. The wave climate in the target area is first analyzed using the results from three years of simulations with a wave prediction system based on numerical models. Based on the above data, diagrams for the bivariate distributions of the sea states occurrences, defined by the significant wave height and the energy period, are designed for both winters and whole years. On this basis, the output of five different technologies for the conversion of wave energy is assessed in some relevant locations from the Portuguese nearshore. According to the results obtained, the Portuguese continental coastal environment appears to be appropriate for the wave energy extraction. At the same time, the present work shows that the output of the wave energy conversion devices does not depend only on the average wave energy but is also dependent on the distribution of the wave energy among the sea states of different periods. For this reason, a good agreement between the characteristics of the power matrices of the wave energy converters operating in a certain place and the diagrams for the bivariate distributions of the sea states occurrences corresponding to the considered location represents a key issue in selecting the most appropriate technology for wave energy conversion.
Short-Term Load Forecasting for Microgrids Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Hernandez Luis , Baladrón Carlos , Aguiar Javier , Carro Belén , Sanchez-Esguevillas Antonio , Lloret Jaime
Published: March 2013

Electricity is indispensable and of strategic importance to national economies. Consequently, electric utilities make an effort to balance power generation and demand in order to offer a good service at a competitive price. For this purpose, these utilities need electric load forecasts to be as accurate as possible. However, electric load depends on many factors (day of the week, month of the year, etc.), which makes load forecasting quite a complex process requiring something other than statistical methods. This study presents an electric load forecast architectural model based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that performs Short-Term Load Forecasting (STLF). In this study, we present the excellent results obtained, and highlight the simplicity of the proposed model. Load forecasting was performed in a geographic location of the size of a potential microgrid, as microgrids appear to be the future of electric power supply.
Energy Production and Regional Economic Growth in China: A More Comprehensive Analysis Using a Panel Model
Authors: Liu Yaobin
Published: March 2013

China has witnessed a fast economic growth in the recent two decades. However, the heavy energy exploitation seems to show a negative relation to regional economic growth. Thus, the issue is whether the energy production is a curse or blessing for the regional economic growth in China. The present study deploys a comprehensive approach to rigorously prove the validity of a proposed panel data model that includes a second generation panel unit root test and panel cointegration and a spatial panel model. The results from the second generation panel unit root test and panel cointegration allowing for cross-sectional dependences show the differenced series are stationary and there exists a cointegration relationship among these variables for all sub-regions. The results from the spatial panel data model support the conjecture of the spatial dependent and show that there is a “resource curse” only for the Western region and Central region in China.
Comparison of primary and delayed wound closure of dog-bite wounds
Authors: Xiaowei H. , Yunbei X. , Zhenhua L. , Yeqing Y. , Jiaqi Y. , Xiaowei Z. , Wei L. , Chuanlin W.
Published: March 2013

Background: Primary bite wound suturing in the emergency department remains controversial in some cases.

Objective: We conducted a study to investigate the infection rate and cosmetic appearance between primary wound closure and delayed wound closure in dog bite wounds in humans.

Methods: All patients with bite wounds were treated with oral antibiotic medications. We adopted a randomized cohort study, dividing the patients who needed wound closure into two groups: 60 patients for primary closure, and 60 patients for delayed closure, and compared the infection rate and wound cosmetic appearance scores.

Results: In the primary closure group, four people (6.7%) developed a wound infection without systemic infection. In the delayed closure group, three people (5%) developed a wound infection (p = 0.093), but there were not any patients that developed a systemic infection. Thirty-three patients (55%) in the primary closure group had optimal cosmetic scores, whereas 20 patients (33.3%) in the delayed closure group had optimal cosmetic scores (p = 0.012).

Conclusion: Although primary wound closure for dog bites may be associated with a higher infection rate, the cosmetic appearance after primary closure was still acceptable.
Transition to Nursing Practice of Accelerated Second-Degree Baccalaureate Students Using Clinical Coaches
Authors: Bridges Ruth Ann , Holden-Huchton Patricia , Armstrong Myrna L.
Published: March 2013

Among the challenges currently facing nursing is the need for new graduates who are competent to begin providing complex patient care. Innovations in nursing education must lead to outcomes that bridge the gap between nursing education and the beginning competencies that employers need in newly hired graduates. One method for preparing students for patient care is the clinical coach model. This model involves placing a student nurse with an experienced, baccalaureate-prepared staff nurse for 12 months of clinical experience. The student works the same schedule as the coach rather than with a series of preceptors on different units. Coaches attend training conducted by school of nursing faculty, using high-fidelity simulation with clinical scenarios. Coaches and students are supported through weekly visits by clinical faculty. This model of clinical education is one method that provides innovation for clinical nursing education and a foundation for further research.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(5):225–229.
A Survey of Nurses’ Perceived Competence and Educational Needs in Performing Resuscitation
Authors: Roh Young Sook , Issenberg S. Barry , Chung Hyun Soo , Kim So Sun , Lim Tae Ho
Published: March 2013

Background:

Effective training is needed for high-quality performance of staff nurses, who are often the first responders in initiating resuscitation. There is insufficient evidence to identify specific educational strategies that improve outcomes, including early recognition and rescue of the critical patient. This study was conducted to identify perceived competence and educational needs as well as to examine factors influencing perceived competence in resuscitation among staff nurses to build a resuscitation training curriculum.

Methods:

A convenience sample of 502 staff nurses was recruited from 11 hospitals in a single city. Staff nurses were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire.

Results:

On a five-point scale, chest compression was the lowest-rated technical skill (
M
= 3.33,
SD
= 0.80), whereas staying calm and focusing on required tasks was the lowest-rated non-technical skill (
M
= 3.30,
SD
= 0.80). Work duration, the usefulness of simulation, recent code experience, and recent simulation-based training were significant factors in perceived competence,
F
(4, 496) = 45.94,
p
< .001. Simulation-based resuscitation training was the most preferred training modality, and cardiac arrest was the most preferred training topic.

Conclusion:

Based on this needs assessment, a simulation-based resuscitation training curriculum with cardiac arrest scenarios is suggested to improve the resuscitation skills of staff nurses.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(5):230–236.
Imaging a near‐surface feature using cross‐correlation analysis of multi‐channel surface wave data
Authors: Samyn K. , Bitri A. , Grandjean G.
Published: March 2013

In this study, we demonstrate that cross‐correlation gathers of multi‐channel and multi‐shot configurations provide accurate estimations of shear‐wave velocity (Vs) perturbations from Rayleigh wave data for the reconstruction of two‐dimensional (2D), high‐resolution velocity distributions without requiring the systematic calculation of surface wave dispersion, as in the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW). Data acquisition for cross‐correlation analysis is similar to that for a 2D seismic common midpoint reflection survey. The data processing involved is similar to the coda wave interferometry used for seismological data but differs in the sense that the cross‐correlation of the original waveform is calculated for active source seismic data. Data processing in cross‐correlation analysis consists in the following three steps: first, cross‐correlations are calculated for every trace in each shot gather with the same offset trace of a reference shot to flatten the linearly sloping events of surface waves. A common receiver location stack section can then be obtained, which allows for the assessment of lateral variations in the elastic properties of the medium. Second, the maxima of the time‐shifted cross‐correlation gathers and the maxima of the shot gathers’ envelope traces are picked for different frequencies and trace values having the same receiver location are averaged to calculate Vs perturbations, as described in the theory of coda wave interferometry. Finally, a 2D Vs profile is reconstructed by applying the lateral Vs perturbation to a homogeneous Vs velocity profile obtained by inversion of the surface wave dispersion of the reference shot gather. Analyses of waveform data from numerical modelling and field observations indicate that this new method is valid and greatly improves the accuracy and resolution of near‐surface imagery using surface waves and reconstructed subsurface velocity distributions compared with a conventional SASW or multi‐channel application.
L’alternative écologique
Authors: Pruvost Geneviève
Published: March 2013

Cet article se fonde sur une soixantaine de récits de vie ayant pour thème « vivre et travailler autrement », autrement dit les « alternatives écologiques au quotidien ». Les entretiens révèlent qu’emprunter les chemins de traverse permettant de vivre de telles alternatives en zone rurale relève de tâtonnements et d’une conquête perpétuelle, très réfléchie, que l’on soit ou non issu d’une famille déjà engagée dans cette démarche ou vivant à la campagne. À rebours de l’utopie communautaire des années 1970, on fait par ailleurs le constat d’un mode de vie en réseau organisé à partir d’une vie de couple dans des maisons individuelles. La conversion du travail en art de vivre et en action collective visant le « bien vivre ensemble » constitue la trame de témoignages qui se présentent comme des expériences à portée de main, à partir du moment où saute l’obstacle (présenté comme idéologique, non seulement matériel) de l’accès à l’autoproduction. Cet article entend mettre en évidence le continuum entre travail domestique, labeur, oeuvre, activité professionnelle et militance, qui caractérise ces formes d’engagement écologique contemporaines.
« Il y a un autre monde, mais il est dans celui-ci. »
Authors: Collins Peter
Published: March 2013

L’écologie, l’idée que nous devons protéger l’environnement contre nous-mêmes, n’est certes pas un mouvement récent. Cet article montre que les membres de la Société religieuse des Amis (ou quakers) de Grande- Bretagne font preuve depuis le milieu du xviie siècle, dans leurs croyances et leurs pratiques, d’une écologie avant la lettre. La première génération de quakers est une secte protestante très unie qui croit en un Dieu intérieur. Très critique à l’égard de la « mondanité » de l’Église et de l’État, elle instaure certaines pratiques qui privilégient et exemplifient un mode de vie simple. En adoptant cette façon de vivre, les quakers ont développé une foi et une pratique religieuses qui les a toujours obligés à prendre sérieusement en considération les tenants et aboutissants de la consommation, pensée comme une menace contre le monde naturel. Depuis quelques décennies, cette tendance s’intègre de plus en plus à une approche ouvertement politique des questions écologiques.
Utopies universalistes
Authors: Houdart Sophie
Published: March 2013

Comment donne-t-on corps à une utopie ? La préparation de l’Exposition universelle qui s’est tenue au Japon, dans la banlieue de Nagoya, en 2005, est l’occasion de suivre le lent travail, à la fois conceptuel et matériel, au moyen duquel émerge une forme inédite de relations entre l’homme et la nature. Donnant la « redécouverte de la sagesse de la nature » comme nouveau métronome universel, les concepteurs de l’Expo 2005 et les architectes appelés à œuvrer au projet devaient entre autres sortir leur proposition de l’étau local dans lequel elle avait vu le jour, pour la porter à une autre échelle en la transformant en véritable alternative de développement pour les sociétés technicisées. C’est cet épineux parcours qui est suivi dans cet article, qui se concentre plus particulièrement sur les propositions architecturales destinées à faire de cette Expo 2005 la première Exposition universelle non moderne.
Slow versus fast
Authors: Siniscalchi Valeria
Published: March 2013

En s’appuyant sur le travail ethnographique mené par l’auteur depuis 2006 sur le fonctionnement et les dynamiques politiques et économiques de Slow Food (en France d’abord et dans le quartier général en Italie ensuite), l’analyse porte sur l’articulation entre la dimension politique du mouvement, sa philosophie et ses actions dans le champ de l’écologie. Créé en Italie au milieu des années 1980, Slow Food est devenu en moins de vingt ans un mouvement international qui regroupe près de cent mille membres dans divers pays du monde. Au fil de son évolution, ses champs d’action et d’intervention se sont élargis et des nouvelles philosophies ont été élaborées. À partir de la dichotomie slow / fast, et en suivant ses transformations au fil du temps, le texte analyse les différents registres du temps mobilisés par Slow Food, leurs connexions avec le plan politique et économique ainsi que les imbrications et les tensions qui existent entre économie et écologie à l’intérieur du mouvement.
Parasite-Derived Arginase Influences Secondary Anti-LeishmaniaImmunity by Regulating Programmed Cell Death-1–Mediated CD4+ T Cell Exhaustion
Authors: Mou Zhirong , Muleme Helen M. , Liu Dong , Jia Ping , Okwor Ifeoma B. , Kuriakose Shiby M. , Beverley Stephen M. , Uzonna Jude E.
Published: March 2013

The breakdown of L-arginine to ornithine and urea by host arginase supports Leishmania proliferation in macrophages. Studies using arginase-null mutants show that Leishmania-derived arginase plays an important role in disease pathogenesis. We investigated the role of parasite-derived arginase in secondary (memory) anti-Leishmania immunity in the resistant C57BL/6 mice. We found that C57BL/6 mice infected with arginase-deficient (arg−) L. major failed to completely resolve their lesion and maintained chronic pathology after 16 wk, a time when the lesion induced by wild-type L. major is completely resolved. This chronic disease was associated with impaired Ag-specific proliferation and IFN-γ production, a concomitant increase in programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression on CD4+ T cells, and failure to induce protection against secondary L. major challenge. Treatment with anti–PD-1 mAb restored T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production in vitro and led to complete resolution of chronic lesion in arg− L. major–infected mice. These results show that infection with arg− L. major results in chronic disease due in part to PD-1–mediated clonal exhaustion of T cells, suggesting that parasite-derived arginase contributes to the overall quality of the host immune response and subsequent disease outcome in L. major–infected mice. They also indicate that persistent parasites alone do not regulate the quality of secondary anti-Leishmania immunity in mice and that the quality of the primary immune response may be playing a hitherto unrecognized dominant role in this process.
Peyer’s Patch Inducer Cells Play a Leading Role in the Formation of B and T Cell Zone Architecture
Authors: Nakagawa Reiko , Togawa Atsushi , Nagasawa Takashi , Nishikawa Shin-ichi
Published: March 2013

Peripheral lymphoid tissues, such as lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches (PPs), are organs required for mounting highly efficient immune responses to small quantities of Ag. The compartmentalization of the cellular components involved in the immune response into distinct zones supports the function of these tissues; however, little is known about how this compartmentalization is achieved. In this study, we analyzed neonatal PP development and present evidence that the CD3−IL-7Rα+ PP inducer cells that initially play a pivotal role in the formation of the PP anlagen are involved in the formation of B and T cell zones in neonatal mice. PP inducer cells migrate between these zones by undergoing chemokine receptor switching.
The Context of Gene Expression Defines the Immunodominance Hierarchy of Cytomegalovirus Antigens
Authors: Dekhtiarenko Iryna , Jarvis Michael A. , Ruzsics Zsolt , Čičin-Šain Luka
Published: March 2013

Natural immunity to CMV dominates the CD4 and CD8 memory compartments of the CMV-seropositive host. This property has been recently exploited for experimental CMV-based vaccine vector strategies, and it has shown promise in animal models of AIDS and Ebola disease. Although it is generally agreed that CMV-based vaccine vectors may induce highly protective and persistent memory T cells, the influence of the gene expression context on Ag-specific T cell memory responses and immune protection induced by CMV vectors is not known. Using murine CMV (MCMV) recombinants expressing a single CD8 T cell epitope from HSV-1 fused to different MCMV genes, we show that magnitude and kinetics of T cell responses induced by CMV are dependent on the gene expression of CMV Ags. Interestingly, the kinetics of the immune response to the HSV-1 epitope was paralleled by a reciprocal depression of immune responses to endogenous MCMV Ags. Infection with a recombinant MCMV inducing a vigorous initial immune response to the recombinant peptide resulted in a depressed early response to endogenous MCMV Ag. Another recombinant virus, which induced a slowly developing “inflationary” T cell response to the HSV-1 peptide, induced weaker long-term responses to endogenous CMV Ags. Importantly, both mutants were able to protect mice from a challenge with HSV-1, mediating strong sterilizing immunity. Our data suggest that the context of gene expression markedly influences the T cell immunodominance hierarchy of CMV Ags, but the immune protection against HSV-1 does not require inflationary CD8 responses against the recombinant CMV-expressed epitope.
Immunohistochemical studies of the enteric nervous system and interstitial cells of Cajal in the canine stomach
Authors: Musara Colin , Vaillant Camille
Published: March 2013

The distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), the probable pacemakers in gastrointestinal motility, was investigated using an antigenic marker of gastric ICC known as C-Kit. Antiserum raised against the general neuronal marker protein gene peptide 9.5 (PGP) as well as the nitrergic neuronal marker neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were used to investigate the distribution of gastric nerves. Polyclonal goat anti-human C-Kit was reliable in labelling ICC in the stomach. Two classes of ICC were identified according to their distribution: ICC-MY distributed around the periphery of myenteric ganglia and ICC-IM in the circular and longitudinal muscle layers. The neuronal marker PGP was reliably consistent in revealing the density and distribution of the enteric nervous system. Density of nerve fibres was higher in circular smooth muscle than in longitudinal smooth muscle. From nNOS immunohistochemistry, it is evident that inhibitory (nitrergic) nerves constitute a substantial fraction of the enteric nervous system.
3-torsion in the Homology of Complexes of Graphs of Bounded Degree
Authors: Jonsson Jakob
Published: March 2013

For δ ≥ 1 and n ≥ 1, consider the simplicial complex of graphs on n vertices in which each vertex has degree at most δ; we identify a given graph with its edge set and admit one loop at each vertex. This complex is of some importance in the theory of semigroup algebras. When δ = 1, we obtain the matching complex, for which it is known that there is 3-torsion in degree d of the homology whenever (n − 4)/3 ≤ d ≤ (n − 6)/2. This paper establishes similar bounds for δ ≥ 2. Specifically, there is 3-torsion in degree d whenever

The procedure for detecting torsion is to construct an explicit cycle z that is easily seen to have the property that 3zis a boundary. Defining a homomorphism that sends z to a non-boundary element in the chain complex of a certain matching complex, we obtain that z itself is a non-boundary. In particular, the homology class of z has order 3.
Impact of Indoor Residual Spraying of Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Malaria Prevalence and Anemia in an Epidemic-Prone District of Muleba, North-Western Tanzania
Authors: Mashauri Fabian M. , Kinung'hi Safari M. , Kaatano Godfrey M. , Magesa Stephen M. , Kishamawe Coleman , Mwanga Joseph R. , Nnko Soori E. , Malima Robert C. , Mero Chacha N. , Mboera Leonard E. G.
Published: March 2013

The Government of Tanzania introduced indoor residual spraying (IRS) in Muleba district in north-western Tanzania after frequent malaria epidemics. Malaria parasitological baseline and two cross-sectional follow-up surveys were conducted in villages under the IRS program and those not under IRS to assess the impact of IRS intervention. After two rounds of IRS intervention there was a significant reduction of malaria parasitological indices in both two villages. In IRS villages overall, parasitemia prevalence was reduced by 67.2%, splenomegaly was reduced by 75.8%, whereas anemia was reduced by 50.5%. There was also a decline of malaria parasite density from 896.4 at baseline to 128.8 at second follow-up survey. Similarly, there was also a reduction of malaria parasitological indices in non-IRS villages; however, parasitological indices in IRS villages remained far below the levels in non-IRS villages. The reduction of malaria parasitological indices in non-IRS villages might have been contributed by interventions other than IRS.
Effectiveness of Premedication with Analgesics vs Placebo for Success of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Irreversible Pulpitis
Authors: Wali Aisha , Siddiqui Talha Mufeed , Qamar Nauman , Khan Rabia , Jawaid Nausheen
Published: March 2013

Pain is considered to be the major cause for seeking emergency endodontic treatment. Pain management is of vital importance in endodontics with no exception. Local anesthesia is considered to be the primary method to control pain. An effective local anesthesia cannot be obtained if pulp is inflamed. Clinician prescribes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as premedication on a routine basis for mild to moderate pain to reduce pulpal inflammation before injecting anesthesia. These drugs are beneficial in providing relief from pain and inflammation in irreversible pulpitis and helps in providing effectiveness of inferior alveolar nerve block. Moreover, they have a short half life, which would make them ideal for a single dosage prior to the management of severe pain.

Aim

To conduct a randomized-placebo controlled clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of premedication with analgesics vs placebo for success of inferior alveolar nerve block in irreversible pulpitis.

Materials and methods

The study consisted of 80 adult patients attending operative Outpatient Department in Baqai Dental College. Informed Consent was obtained from each participant. Subjects were randomly divided in four groups comprising of 20 subjects in each group. Group A received piroxicam (Feldene 20 mg, Pfizer), group B received diclofenac potassium (Fastaid Plus, 50 mg platinum pharmaceutic), group C received naproxen sodium (Synflex 550 mg, ICI), and group D received a placebo drug becefol (Abbott). Medication was given 1 hour before initiating endodontic treatment. After 1 hour of oral administration of tablets, inferior alveolar nerve block using 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine containing 1: 200,000 epinephrine was given. After 15 minutes, access cavity preparation was initiated and patients were asked to inform if they experienced pain. Patients were excluded from the study if they experienced pain but if the patient did not feel pain endodontic treatment was continued. p-value was set at 0.05. Data was analyzed by using Chi-square test (SPSS 19).

Results

The result showed that out of 80 patients who participated in the study, success rate for piroxicam came out to 90% (10 male and 8 female patients), followed by diclofenac potassium with 75% success rate (9 male and 6 female patients), naproxen sodium with 35% success rate (3 male and 4 female patients) and placebo with 10% success (1 male and 1 female patient).

Conclusion

The current study concludes that premedication given 1 hour before injecting anesthesia is helpful in reducing pain intensity and thus causing inferior alveolar nerve block to be effective.

How to cite this article

Wali A, Siddiqui TM, Qamar N, Khan R, Jawaid N. Effectiveness of Premedication with Analgesics vs Placebo for Success of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Irreversible Pulpitis. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(1):5-9.
Evaluation of Microleakage in Class V Composite Restoration using Different Techniques of Polymerization
Authors: Chandurkar Anshu Milind , Metgud Sandeep S , Yakub Shaikh S , Kalburge Vaishali J
Published: March 2013

Aims

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of light intensity and curing cycle of quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) and plasma arc curing (PAC) lights on the microleakage of class V composite restorations.

Materials and methods

A total of 60 freshly extracted human maxillary premolars were used for this study. Standardized class V cavities were prepared and restored with microhybrid resin composite. According to the curing protocol, the teeth were then divided into three groups (n = 20): QTH curing (standard and soft start mode) and PAC high intensity irradiation.

  The microleakage was evaluated by immersion of the samples in 50% silver nitrate solution. The samples were then sectioned, evaluated under a stereomicroscope and scored for microleakage.

Statistical analysis used

Dye leakage scores were obtained, and analysis was done using Student's t-test.

Results

Light curing with QTH light in the soft start mode, showed the least leakage in the composite restoration, which was highly significant when compared with the other groups (p < 0.01). Light curing with QTH light in the standard mode, showed moderate microleakage, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05), when compared with the PAC high intensity curing. Curing with PAC light in high intensity mode resulted in severe microleakage along the cavity margins.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the study, it may be concluded that:

1. The high intensity PAC light resulted in maximum leakage, when compared to the other groups in the study.

2. The soft start polymerization mode offers a distinctive advantage over the standard curing protocol, in terms of microleakage, for the QTH curing lights.

Clinical significance

In the clinical scenario, soft start curing regimen offers a distinctive advantage over the conventional mode of the QTH curing and the high intensity rapid curing offered by the PAC light.

How to cite this article

Chandurkar AM, Metgud SS, Yakub SS, Kalburge VJ. Evaluation of Microleakage in Class V Composite Restoration using Different Techniques of Polymerization. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(1): 10-15.
A Systematic Approach to Restore Grossly Decayed Multirooted Teeth: Split Cast Post and Core
Authors: Yadav Akanksha , Kumar Lakshya , Gupta Ridhima
Published: March 2013

Endodontically treated molars with almost total coronal destruction may be salvageable by using multiple posts in divergent canals. The fabrication of dowel and core for multirooted teeth can be a vexing problem, especially when there is minimal coronal dentin. A number of methods have been suggested for making a cast dowel and core using two or more of the canals to increase retention of the prosthesis. This article presents a clinical report on fabrication of split cast post and core by a direct technique that is efficient and enables the dentist to use the maximum length available in each canal, despite the degree of divergence in multirooted teeth.

How to cite this article

Kumar L, Gupta R, Yadav A. A Systematic Approach to Restore Grossly Decayed Multirooted Teeth: Split Cast Post and Core. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(1):16-18.
Orbital Prosthesis: A Novel Treatment Approach
Authors: Avinash CK Anulekha , Nadiger Ramesh , Guttal Sathyabodh S , Lekha K
Published: March 2013

The disfigurement associated with loss of eye can cause significant physical and emotional disturbance. Rehabilitation of facial defects is a complex task, requiring an individualized design of the technique for each patient and also a technique sensitive procedure, visual assessment alone may not be accurate. We report a case of 23-year-old male patient with rhabdomyosarcoma of the eye, which was treated with chemotherapy and surgical enucleation, and was rehabilitated with silicon orbital prosthesis by constructing a custom ocular prosthesis to achieve ideal fit and esthetics.

How to cite this article

Avinash CKA, Nadiger R, Guttal SS, Lekha K. Orbital Prosthesis: A Novel Treatment Approach. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(1):19-23.
Tooth Wear, Etiology, Diagnosis and Its Management in Elderly: A Literature Review
Authors: Nadiger Ramesh , Lekha K , Meshramkar Roseline
Published: March 2013

The aim of the review was to present the importance of tooth wear, etiology and its management in elderly patients. The success of rehabilitation of tooth wear in elderly depends up on finding the etiology, correct diagnosis, prevention method and its management. Recognition of the early signs of tooth wear could bring about timely prevention and improve the life span of teeth in elderly.

How to cite this article

Meshramkar R, Lekha K, Nadiger R. Tooth Wear, Etiology, Diagnosis and Its Management in Elderly: A Literature Review. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(1): 38-41.
Global and regional temperature-change potentials for near-term climate forcers
Authors: Collins W. J. , Fry M. M. , Yu H. , Fuglestvedt J. S. , Shindell D. T. , West J. J.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. We examine the climate effects of the emissions of near-term climate forcers (NTCFs) from 4 continental regions (East Asia, Europe, North America and South Asia) using results from the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Source-Receptor global chemical transport model simulations. We address 3 aerosol species (sulphate, particulate organic matter and black carbon) and 4 ozone precursors (methane, reactive nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide). We calculate the global climate metrics: global warming potentials (GWPs) and global temperature change potentials (GTPs). For the aerosols these metrics are simply time-dependent scalings of the equilibrium radiative forcings. The GTPs decrease more rapidly with time than the GWPs. The aerosol forcings and hence climate metrics have only a modest dependence on emission region. The metrics for ozone precursors include the effects on the methane lifetime. The impacts via methane are particularly important for the 20 yr GTPs. Emissions of NOx and VOCs from South Asia have GWPs and GTPs of higher magnitude than from the other Northern Hemisphere regions. The analysis is further extended by examining the temperature-change impacts in 4 latitude bands, and calculating absolute regional temperature-change potentials (ARTPs). The latitudinal pattern of the temperature response does not directly follow the pattern of the diagnosed radiative forcing. We find that temperatures in the Arctic latitudes appear to be particularly sensitive to BC emissions from South Asia. The northern mid-latitude temperature response to northern mid-latitude emissions is approximately twice as large as the global average response for aerosol emission, and about 20–30% larger than the global average for methane, VOC and CO emissions.
Lifetime and production rate of NOx in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere in the polar spring/summer after the solar proton event in October–November 2003
Authors: Friederich F. , von Clarmann T. , Funke B. , Nieder H. , Orphal J. , Sinnhuber M. , Stiller G. P. , Wissing J. M.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. We present altitude-dependent lifetimes of NOx, determined with MIPAS/ENVISAT (the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding/the European Environment Satellite), for the Southern polar region after the solar proton event in October–November 2003. Between 50° S and 90° S and decreasing in altitude they range from about two days at 64 km to about 20 days at 44 km. The lifetimes are controlled by transport, mixing and photochemistry. We infer estimates of dynamical lifetimes by comparison of the observed decay to photochemical lifetimes calculated with the SLIMCAT 3-D Model. Photochemical loss contributes to the observed NOx depletion by 0.1% at 44 km, increasing with altitude to 45% at 64 km. In addition, we show the correlation of modelled ionization rates and observed NOx densities under consideration of the determined lifetimes of NOx, and calculate altitude-dependent effective production rates of NOx due to ionization. For that we compare ionization rates of the AIMOS data base with the MIPAS measurements from 15 October–31 December 2003. We derive effective NOx-production rates to be applied to the AIMOS ionization rates which range from about 0.2 NOx-molecules per ion pair at 44 km to 0.7 NOx-molecules per ion pair at 62 km. These effective production rates are considerably lower than predicted by box model simulations which could hint at an overestimation of the modelled ionization rates.
Carbon density and anthropogenic land use influences on net land-use change emissions
Authors: Smith S. J. , Rothwell A.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. We examine historical and future land-use emissions using a simple mechanistic carbon-cycle model with regional and ecosystem specific parameterizations. Our central estimate of net terrestrial land-use change emissions, exclusive of climate feedbacks, is 250 Gt C over the last three hundred years. This estimate is most sensitive to assumptions for pre-industrial forest and soil carbon densities. We also find that estimates are sensitive to the treatment of crop and pasture lands. These sensitivities also translate into differences in future terrestrial uptake in the RCP4.5 land-use scenario. This estimate of future uptake is lower than the native values from the GCAM integrated assessment model result due to lower net reforestation in the RCP4.5 gridded land-use data product.
Carbon dioxide fluxes at an intensively cultivated temperate lowland peatland in the East Anglian Fens, UK
Authors: Morrison R. , Cumming A. M. J. , Taft H. E. , Kaduk J. , Page S. E. , Jones D. L. , Harding R. J. , Balzter H.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. This study reports the first recorded CO2 flux measurements of a drained and intensively cultivated lowland peatland in the East Anglian Fens (UK) using the eddy covariance technique. Measurements were made over a complete lettuce crop rotation and a subsequent fallow period. Maximum average daytime CO2 uptake and nocturnal loss rates were −10.39 and 7.63 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, respectively. Daily CO2 budgets ranged from a net loss of 4.7 to a small net uptake of −1.23 g CO2-C m−2 d−1. Total vertical land/atmosphere CO2 losses were estimated at 227.11 ± 46.5 g CO2-C m−2 for a~120 day measurement period. Losses over a sixty day interval between field preparation and disking of the field at the end of the crop cycle were 74.22 ± 18.8 g CO2-C m−2. The site lost 152.89 ± 30.6 g CO2-C m−2 d−1 during a sixty day fallow period. Net ecosystem production was estimated at 117.72 ± 18.8 g CO2-C m−2 during the crop cycle and 270.61 ± 46.49 g CO2-C m−2 for the entire measurement period when harvested crop exports were accounted for. These results represent the first micrometeorological measurements obtained over degraded lowland peatland in Britain, and illustrate the scale of CO2 losses associated with agricultural production on temperate organic soils.
Comparison between different approaches to modeling shallow landslide susceptibility: a case history in Oltrepo Pavese, Northern Italy
Authors: Zizioli D. , Meisina C. , Valentino R. , Montrasio L.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. On the 27 and 28 April 2009, the area of Oltrepo Pavese in northern Italy was affected by a very intense rainfall event that caused a great number of shallow landslides. These instabilities occurred on slopes covered by vineyards or recently formed woodlands and caused damage to many roads and one human loss. Based on aerial photographs taken immediately after the event and field surveys, more than 1600 landslides were detected. After acquiring topographical data, geotechnical properties of the soils and land use, susceptibility analysis on a territorial scale was carried out. In particular, different physically based models were applied to two contiguous sites with the same geological context but different typologies and sizes of shallow landslides. This paper presents the comparison between the ex-post results obtained from the different approaches. On the basis of the observed landslide localizations, the accuracy of the different models was evaluated, and the significant results are highlighted.
Arctic rapid sea ice loss events in regional coupled climate scenario experiments
Authors: Döscher R. , Koenigk T.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Rapid sea ice loss events (RILEs) in a mini-ensemble of regional Arctic coupled climate model scenario experiments are analyzed. Mechanisms of sudden ice loss are strongly related to atmospheric circulation conditions and preconditioning by sea ice thinning during the seasons and years before the event. Clustering of events in time suggests a strong control by large-scale atmospheric circulation. Anomalous atmospheric circulation is providing warm air anomalies of up to 5 K and is forcing ice flow, affecting winter ice growth. Even without a seasonal preconditioning during winter, ice drop events can be initiated by anomalous inflow of warm air during summer. It is shown that RILEs can be generated based on atmospheric circulation changes as a major driving force without major competing mechanisms, other than occasional longwave effects during spring and summer. Other anomalous seasonal radiative forcing or short-lived forcers (e.g., soot) play minor roles or no role at all in our model. RILEs initiated by ocean forcing do not occur in the model, although cannot be ruled out due to model limitations. Mechanisms found are qualitatively in line with observations of the 2007 RILE.
An iterative inverse method to estimate basal topography and initialize ice flow models
Authors: van Pelt W. J. J. , Oerlemans J. , Reijmer C. H. , Pettersson R. , Pohjola V. A. , Isaksson E. , Divine D.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. We present and evaluate an inverse approach to reconstruct two-dimensional fields of bedrock topography and simultaneously initialize an ice flow model. The inverse method involves an iterative procedure in which an ice dynamical model (PISM) is run multiple times over a prescribed period, while being forced with space and time-dependent climate input. After every iteration bed heights are adjusted using information of the remaining misfit between observed and modeled surface topography. The inverse method is first applied in synthetic experiments with a constant climate forcing to verify convergence and robustness of the approach. In a next step, the inverse approach is applied to Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, forced with height- and time-dependent climate input since 1300 AD. An L-curve stopping criterion is used to prevent overfitting. Validation against radar data reveals a high correlation (up to R = 0.89) between modeled and observed thicknesses. Remaining uncertainties can mainly be ascribed to inaccurate model physics, in particular uncertainty in the description of sliding. Results demonstrate the applicability of this inverse method to reconstruct the ice thickness distribution of glaciers and ice caps. In addition to reconstructing bedrock topography, the method provides a direct tool to initialize ice flow models for forecasting experiments. Application of the method is not constrained to a single model or glacier, indicating the potential to use the approach to compute the detailed thickness distribution of a single glacier, as well as the volume contained in a set of glaciers and ice caps.