bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nested effects of berry half, berry and bunch microclimate on biochemical composition in grape
Authors: Pieri Philippe , Zott Katharina , Gomès Eric , Hilbert Ghislaine
Published: September 2016

Aim: Polyphenol composition, an important component of grape quality, is strongly influenced by fruit microclimate. However, information relies exclusively on whole berry data and the underlying response functions to microenvironment variables remain essentially unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the biochemical composition of grapes at both bunch and berry scales, in relation with microclimate.

Methods and results: Whole berries and berry halves were sampled in mature defoliated bunches from two neighboring Bordeaux vineyards with contrasting row orientations (Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot). Flavonoid and amino-acid contents were analyzed by HPLC methods. The main sources of variation were bunch azimuth, berry exposure and, only in South-exposed bunches, berry side. Models were used to estimate radiation at the berry surface and temperature. Intense effects of bunch side and berry side on total flavonol and anthocyanin concentrations were observed. These results were all consistent at both bunch and berry scales. However, the most intense effects were observed at berry scale and mitigated by scaling up from berry to bunch.

Conclusion: Total flavonol concentrations in the berry skin exhibited a clear positive linear relationship with solar radiation. The large heterogeneity of composition at berry scale is consistent with the better known heterogeneity at bunch scale.

Significance and impact of the study: Models and original response functions to microclimate could help optimize vineyard management and grape ripening.
How can grapevine genetics contribute to the adaptation to climate change?
Authors: Duchene Eric
Published: September 2016

Climate change is modifying the environmental conditions in all the vineyards across the world. The expected effects on grape and wine production can be positive in some grape growing regions, but under warmer or dryer conditions the volume and quality of the wines produced can be impaired. Adaptation to new climatic conditions includes changes in the cultivation areas, changes in the vineyard or cellar practices, and use of new rootstock × scion combinations. In this article, we provide an overview of the possible effects of climate change on grapevine physiology and berry quality and we describe the more important traits and the genetic variability that can be used in the adaptation process. We also present the modern techniques that can be used by researchers to identify the links between genomic information and behaviors in the field. Finally, we discuss the existing opportunities in the present grapevine collections and the strategies that can be used by breeders to create new varieties.
Short-Range Vital Signs Sensing Based on EEMD and CWT Using IR-UWB Radar
Authors: Hu Xikun , Jin Tian
Published: September 2016

The radar sensor described realizes healthcare monitoring capable of detecting subject chest-wall movement caused by cardiopulmonary activities, and wirelessly estimating the respiration and heartbeat rates of the subject without attaching any devices to the body. No conventional Doppler only can capture Doppler signatures because of a lack of bandwidth information with noncontact sensors. In contrast, we take full advantages of impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar to achieve low power consumption and convenient portability, with a flexible detection range and desirable accuracy. A noise reduction method based on improved ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and a vital sign separation method based on continuous-wavelet transform (CWT) are proposed jointly to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in order to acquire accurate respiration and heartbeat rates. This noncontact healthcare sensor system proves the commercial feasibility and considerable accessibility of using compact IR-UWB radar for emerging biomedical applications. Compared with traditional contact measurement devices, experimental results utilizing a 2.3 GHz bandwidth transceiver, demonstrate 100% similar results.
Inﬂuencia del suplemento con inulina enriquecida con fructooligosacáridos sobre el contenido y la densidad mineral ósea tras el parto y la lactación en ratas
Authors: Bueno Vargas Pilar
Published: September 2016

Introducción: la gestación y lactancia están relacionadas con pérdidas temporales en la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) materna. Una suplementación con calcio podría resultar beneficiosa para evitar la pérdida de masa ósea del esqueleto materno. Otros nutrientes como los prebióticos han sido identificados como responsables de un incremento en la absorción de minerales, pudiendo condicionar la mineralización ósea.Objetivo: estudiar el efecto de la suplementación de la dieta materna con el prebiótico inulina enriquecida con oligofructosa, durante la gestación y la lactancia sobre el contenido mineral óseo (CMO) y la DMO al final del periodo de lactancia.Métodos: las ratas gestantes fueron alimentadas con dieta estándar (grupo CC), dieta fortificada en calcio (grupo Ca) o enriquecida con el prebiótico inulina enriquecida con oligofructosa (Grupo Pre) hasta el final del periodo de lactancia. Posteriormente se evaluó el CMO y DMO por absorciometría de rayos X (DEXA) y el pH del contenido cecal.Resultados: en términos generales, el grupo Pre presenta los mayores valores absolutos de CMO y DMO de entre los tres grupos, siendo en la tibia significativamente diferentes en los grupos CC y Pre frente al grupo Ca. El pH del contenido cecal del grupo Pre es significativamente inferior al de los grupos CC y Ca.Conclusión: la suplementación con inulina enriquecida con oligofructosa, en condiciones nutricionales no deficientes en calcio, durante la gestación y la lactancia, ejerce una protección del esqueleto materno en las ratas y puede ser considerada como una estrategia nutricional para proteger la masa ósea materna en el periodo perinatal.
Comunicaciones
Authors: Nutrición Hospitalaria SENPE
Published: September 2016

-
Suplementación de calcio para la disminución de peso en personas con obesidad; un overviewde revisiones sistemáticas
Authors: Aguilera Eguía Raúl , Jorquera Pino Paule Jessica , Salgado Claudia Jaqueline , Flores Cherie
Published: September 2016

Introducción: la obesidad se define como una acumulación anormal o excesiva de grasa que puede ser perjudicial para la salud, donde la expansión del volumen del tejido adiposo es secundaria a un balance energético positivo mantenido en el tiempo.Objetivo: resumir las revisiones sistemáticas Cochrane y no Cochrane que evalúen el efecto de la suplementación de calcio para la disminución de peso en personas obesas.Material y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos Medline (1980-septiembre 2015), Metabuscador TripDatabase y Epistemonikos (hasta septiembre 2015), Cochrane BVS (hasta septiembre 2015), se buscó de forma manual en revistas relacionadas al tema de interés, se buscaron actas de congresos, se realizó seguimiento de referencias relevantes y se contactó con expertos en el área.Resultados: la búsqueda preliminar arrojó un total de 7.163 artículos potencialmente elegibles; según los criterios de elegibilidad incluimos 2 revisiones sistemáticas de estudios clínicos aleatorizados.Conclusión: el suplemento de calcio es efectivo en la reducción de peso en personas con obesidad, presentando baja calidad de evidencia. Por tanto, es muy probable que investigaciones adicionales tengan un impacto importante en la confianza de la estimación del efecto y es probable que cambie.
Consideraciones metodológicas sobre el artículo "Relación entre la composición corporal y la práctica deportiva en adolescentes"
Authors: Verand Denisse , Sánchez Andrea
Published: September 2016

Hemos leído con gran interés el artículo “Relación entre la práctica deportiva en adolescentes”, por Gutiérrez R y cols., publicado recientemente en su revista.Hemos identificado algunos problemas en la metodología que han utilizado los autores. Primero, consideramos que el rango de edad utilizado para adolescentes es muy acotado, ya que utilizan el rango de edad de 12 a 13 años; diversos estudios indican que este rango se encuentra alrededor de 12 a 18 años.
Consideraciones previas a un metaanálisis
Authors: Cristi-Montero Carlos , Solís-Urra Patricio , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Fernando
Published: September 2016

Recientemente ha sido publicada en su revista una interesante revisión sistemática con metaanálisis (MA) que aborda los beneficios del ejercicio intervalado de alta intensidad como terapia para disminuir los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en personas con síndrome metabólico (1). Según nuestro punto de vista, metodológicamente presenta cierta limitación que debiera ser aclarada con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de este tipo de estudios en el futuro.
Intruducción
Authors: Olveira Fuster Gabriel
Published: September 2016

SANCYD (Sociedad Andaluza de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética) es una sociedad científica sin ánimo de lucro que promueve el desarrollo de la disciplina de la Nutrición en todos sus ámbitos. El espíritu que anima nuestros proyectos y actividades es esencialmente colaborativo y multidisciplinar. Agrupa y coordina a profesionales de la nutrición y la alimentación en diversas facetas: médicos, bromatólogos, farmacéuticos, enfermeros, dietistas, tecnólogos de alimentos, epidemiólogos, etc., y está abierta a otros colectivos profesionales o iniciativas particulares que se sientan identificados con nuestros fines.
Evaluasi Nilai Heterosis dan Heterobeltiosis Beberapa Persilangan Mentimun (Cucumis Sativus L.) pada Berbagai Altitud
Authors: Wiguna Gungun , Sumpena Uun
Published: September 2016

Pemanfaatan efek heterosis dalam perakitan varietas hibrida sering dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi hasil pertanian. Identifikasi ekspresi heterosis dan heterobeltiosis dari suatu persilangan perlu dilakukan karena tidak semua persilangan memberikan efek heterosis dan heterobeltiosis yang dikehendaki. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kombinasi persilangan yang menunjukkan nilai heterosis dan heterobeltiosis terbaik untuk karakter kegenjahan, agronomi, dan daya hasil. Evaluasi nilai heterosis dan heterobeltiosis dilakukan terhadap 10 kombinasi persilangan dan lima galur tetua di dua lokasi dengan altitud yang berbeda (100 m dpl dan 1.250 m dpl). Penelitian dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah ruas, jumlah cabang, umur panen pertama, jumlah buah per tanaman, berat buah per tanaman, berat per buah, panjang buah, dan diameter buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persilangan yang berumur genjah dengan nilai heterosis dan heterobeltiosis negatif dihasilkan oleh persilangan P2 x P5. Kombinasi persilangan yang memiliki potensi produksi tinggi dengan nilai heterosis dan heterobeltiosis positif dan tinggi di dataran tinggi maupun rendah dihasilkan oleh P2 x P5. Persilangan yang memiliki efek heterosis dan heterobeltiosis tinggi untuk beberapa karakter di dataran tinggi dihasilkan oleh P1 x P2. Persilangan yang memiliki efek heterosis dan heterobeltiosis tinggi untuk karakter agronomi di dataran rendah ialah P3 x P4. Ketiga persilangan tersebut dapat diuji lebih lanjut untuk menghasilkan varietas hibrida berumur genjah, karakter agronomi baik, dan produktivitas tinggi.
Análise de custo por resposta dos medicamentos biológicos no tratamento da psoríase moderada a grave sob as perspectivas dos sistemas de saúde público e privado, no Brasil
Authors: Scaccabarozzi Luciana , Rey Cintia , Kim Hellen , Amaral Laura , Fernandes Roberta , Asano Elio , Genov Isabel
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Estimar o custo por resposta dos medicamentos biológicos no tratamento da psoríase moderada a grave sob as perspectivas do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar (SSS) e Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), representado pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, no Brasil. Métodos: Quatro medicamentos biológicos foram considerados na análise: adalimumabe, etanercepte, infliximabe e ustequinumabe. Os dados de eficácia foram obtidos de uma metanálise publicada, que avaliou a resposta PASI 75 dos medicamentos na semana 24 de tratamento. O custo do tratamento foi obtido considerando o preço de aquisição dos medicamentos, conforme perspectiva analisa[1]da, e a posologia preconizada na bula de cada um deles. Análise de sensibilidade foi conduzida a fim de avaliar o impacto das incertezas nos resultados encontrados. Resultados: A análise mostrou que, sob a perspectiva do SSS, ustequinumabe apresentou o menor custo por resposta PASI 75 (R$ 66.371) por ano de tratamento, seguido por infliximabe (R$ 139.605), adalimumabe (R$ 152.501) e etanercepte (R$ 179.812). Resultado semelhante foi observado na perspectiva do SUS, no qual ustequinumabe apresentou custo por resposta PASI 75 de R$ 47.229, seguido por infliximabe (R$ 75.145), adalimumabe (R$ 90.292) e etanercepte (R$ 130.523). Ajuste de dose para ustequinumabe mostrou ser o parâmetro mais sensível na análise de sensibilidade. Conclusão: Avaliações econômicas são ferramentas importantes para auxiliar gestores de saúde no processo de tomada decisão. A presente análise mostrou que, dentre as alternativas comparadas, ustequinumabe é o medicamento biológico que apresenta o menor custo por resposta PASI 75 (mais custo-efetivo), independentemente da perspectiva analisada (público ou privado).
Administração hospitalar em Portugal: relação entre antiguidade e envolvimento laboral, e implicações para o risco de saída
Authors: Correia Pedro Miguel , Carrapato Pedro Miguel , Bilhim João
Published: September 2016

Introdução: A relação entre o envolvimento e a intenção de sair da organização é um tema recorrente na investigação, com vários estudos a evidenciar relações entre o envolvimento laboral e a intenção de saída. Os enfermeiros são um dos grupos profissionais mais numerosos dos hospitais e o seu processo de retenção nas organizações é um fenómeno complexo, composto por múltiplos fatores. Um desses fatores, o envolvimento laboral, traduz-se em benefícios para os próprios e para as organizações em que prestam serviço. Este artigo pretende estabelecer a relação entre a antiguidade dos enfermeiros do Hospital Beatriz Ângelo (Loures, Portugal) e o seu envolvimento laboral, analisando quais as implicações desta relação para o risco de saída da organização. Métodos: Foram recolhidas 351 respostas consideradas válidas para a variável de caracterização antiguidade, com uma taxa de respostas de 56,25%. A ausência de normalidade em várias das categorias de antiguidade na distribuição dos níveis obtidos para as perceções sobre o envolvimento laboral levou à opção pelo teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis para deteção das diferenças entre os grupos de dados. Resultados: Os valores obtidos mostram que existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas perceções sobre o envolvimento laboral dos enfermeiros em função das categorias de antiguidade. Discussão e Conclusões: Foi possível determinar que o envolvimento laboral dos enfermeiros não é uniforme quando analisado segundo a antiguidade. O grupo de enfermeiros com maior antiguidade na instituição apresenta um envolvimento laboral mais reduzido o que pode refletir uma maior propensão de saída da organização.
Diabetes mellitus no Brasil: características clínicas, padrão de tratamento e custos associados ao cuidado da doença
Authors: Saraiva José Francisco , Hissa Miguel , Felício João , Cavalcanti Catarina , Saraiva Gabriela , Piha Tony , Chacra Antônio Roberto
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Descrever a utilização de recursos de saúde associados ao tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) no sistema público de saúde brasileiro, assim como o padrão de tratamento e seus eventos adversos, a ocorrência de complicações vasculares e o controle metabólico nos pacientes. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, conduzido em 4 centros do Sistema Único de Saúde envolvendo pacientes com DM2. Os dados foram coletados dos prontuários médicos de setembro a dezembro de 2013. Foi conduzida análise descritiva considerando três faixas de duração da doença desde o seu diagnóstico e a estratificação dos pacientes de acordo com o período recordatório e presença de complicações vasculares. Resultados: 161 pacientes foram analisados. Os principais esquemas terapêuticos utilizados foram a combinação de metformina, insulina NPH e insulina regular; de glibenclamida e metformina; e metformina isolada. A associação metformina e insulina apresentou maior frequência de eventos adversos (28,9%) e a glibenclamida, metformina e insulina, menor frequência (5,7%). A maioria dos pacientes mostrou complicações microvasculares, sendo nefropatia e neuropatia frequentes em todos os estratos analisados. Em pacientes com DM2 avançado (≥ 15 anos de duração), a retinopatia mostrou-se prevalente. A frequência de eventos macrovasculares variou de 21,3% a 37,9% entre os grupos, sendo a doença coronariana a mais frequente. Um custo total médio de R$ 931,88±1.400,75 por paciente foi observado para os pacientes sem complicações vasculares e de R$ 1.212,37±1.012,38 para aqueles com complicações. Conclusão: Informações relevantes sobre o manejo de pacientes brasileiros com DM2 foram descritas, sugerindo alta frequência de complicações vasculares e maiores custos associados a elas.
Impacto socioeconômico do câncer de pulmão não-pequenas células no Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Cristina , Blunk Vivian , Santana Carlos Felipe , Squiassi Haline
Published: September 2016

O câncer de pulmão é considerado uma das principais causas de morte por câncer no Brasil e no mundo. Entre os principais tipos de câncer de pulmão, o tipo não-pequenas células corresponde a aproximadamente 85% dos casos da doença. Sua alta mortalidade pode ser atribuída ao diagnóstico tardio, sendo a maioria dos pacientes diagnosticada com a doença em estádios avançados. O manejo do câncer de pulmão não-pequenas células exige a utilização intensiva de cuidados, além da abordagem multidisciplinar no diagnóstico, tratamento e reabilitação, que em um cenário de recursos finitos, gera importante custo de oportunidade para o sistema de saúde brasileiro em relação à oferta de recursos na assistência oncológica. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever o impacto que o câncer de pulmão não-pequenas células promove na sociedade brasileira, por meio de uma busca na literatura.
Assessment of Macro-Regional Net Back Prices for Heavy Oil Monetization: From Marañon Basin to the Talara Refinery
Authors: Bravo R. Cervantes , Chun N. Palacios , Huerta V. Alexei
Published: September 2016

Price policy is linked in each country to the development degree of its petroleum industry, the importance of the NOC's in its economy, national policy design, payments balance, control and collection policy; and a strategic vision regarding to the regulation levels and free market associated to cyclic conduct of the international prices of oil and their products. Thus, the margin obtained from prices structure in different markets is divided among oil companies and the State participation to guarantee the supply of fuel products to the final consumers.

It should be noted that there is a common denominator in all the countries, the taxes to naphtha's is high, in less grade for the Gasoil and reduced in fuel oil. The importance of this is to point out a subsidy by the State from the less productive activities to the more productive ones in relation to the uses. However, this conception is limited to the raw material fixed to low international price as it was seen in this last period, where a drop of oil price of 70% results in a close reduction of 30% in fuels according an importing country scheme. This paradoxically would result in an opportunity to reduce the fluctuations in oil prices through fuel prices as long as there is an incorporation through the regional markets.

This study case seeks to define a Macro-regional crude marker updated to fuel price FOB in connection with the "Norperuano pipeline" that transports heavy oils of 18° API from Marañon Basin to Talara Refinery, determining an optimum price of the ‘NET-BACK’ basket for crudes of the oilfields connected to this pipeline. This price will be determined from the valuation provided from the fuels basket in the intern market around the surrenders of the refinery. It will pass through processing cost of the refinery to its maximum capacity deducting a minimum refine margin to the setting of transportation costs, whose reduction will be associated to more using in its capacity through production increasing of heavy oils. This seeks to contract or activate the oil price in unfavorable conditions to the incorporation of upstream-downstream chain searching an optimum oil price.

With an adequate estimate of macro-regional oil price in real time, it is expected to obtain balanced results between the profitability of Upstream and Downstream activity; to this, it is expected the reduction on transportation costs associated with production increasing. This will guarantee long-term investments according to contractual schemes, reducing the uncertainty of audited crude sales price, the royalties to be transferred to the society through canon and fuel prices accessible to final consumer.
Assessment of Cold Production Strategies to Revitalize Mature Heavy Oilfields in the Peruvian Jungle
Authors: Huerta Víctor A. , Palacios Nestor , Cervantes Reynaldo
Published: September 2016

Mature heavy oilfields in the Peruvian jungle have been produced for more than 40 years with natural strong water drive assisted with ESPs. Primary recovery factor with cold production methods reached 15% in average, and ultimate recovery will arrive to 17% at economic limit of 98% water cut.

Traditional completion systems in mature Peruvian oilfields include both some deviated wells with ESPs inmmediatly above 7" liner hanger, and horizontal wells completed open hole; thus, selective production is not possible and water flow eventually breakthrough to the well while reducing relative permeability to oil and oil rates.

This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate cold production strategies to look for "new oil" in mature fields either by redefining completion technology alternatives or by applying new development schemes, which focus on delaying gas or water breakthrough, and avoiding by-pass oil. Based on experience and application in many oilfields in the region, some cold production strategies were identified as critical to bring new life to brown fields such as active inflow control devices (AICD), horizontal and multilateral wells from one slot and production optimization with real-time monitoring.

Many successful applications of AICDs with horizontal wells were reported worldwide, and some recent projects in sub-Andean basins have recorded successful results in Colombia and Ecuador (10% to 30% increase in cummulative oil production and 10% to 50% decrease in water production, during the first two years). In addition, preliminary numerical simulation studies for mature heavy oilfields in Peru shows 10% increase in cummulative oil production and 15% decrease in water production during the first two years.

On the other hand, automation and real-time monitoring of brown fields came up with a considerable reduction of downtime and production deferment (in between 65% and 85%) due to a proper planning of well interventions, as well as, an improved operational efficiency of equipment.

Active inflow control devices (AICD) allows equalizing the influx of oil and unwanted fluids (water or gas) by creating additional backpressure in zones that produces at higher rates. Heavy oil (higher viscosity fluid) takes a relatively non-restrictive path while water or gas (lower viscosity fluid) flows through a tortuous path causing a decrease in its flow rate. On the other hand, both horizontal and multilateral wells increase drainage area, sweep efficiency, well productivity and recovery factors while delaying water breakthrough. Finally, the transformation of a mature field into a digital oilfield means not only downtime and reduction of oil production deferment, but also, a better well production performance, protection of equipment and maximization of operational efficiency.
Application of Electrochemical Treatment Technology of Produced Water of a Heavy Oil Field, via Boron Doped Diamond BDD Electrode
Authors: Ghanem Hanadi , Rosiwal Stefan , Göltz Maximilian , Espin Douglas
Published: September 2016

Electrochemical technologies are a promising alternative for the Oil Industry, for the treatment of formation water containing organic and inorganic contaminants. The main advantages of these technologies include environmental compatibility, versatility, energy efficiency, health & safety and selectivity. However, the effectiveness of the electrochemical approaches depends significantly on the electrode material and the cell parameters. Recently, BDD electrodes have shown a growing interest due to their unique ultra-wide electrochemical window with highest O2 and H2 over-potentials.

The current approach based on the application of boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode to treat electrochemically production water (PW) coming from a heavy oil field, was investigated in one-compartment electrolytic batch cell. Formation water is increasing more and more with the depletion of pressure and the age of many oil and gas fields. This formation water is characterized by high initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) due to their high level of organic content. Proper elimination of the high COD content from PW to be re-usable water streams for beneficial purposes such as irrigation water or correct disposal is becoming increasingly important for an environmental and human health in the Oil Industry.

The influence of primary settling treatment step and several operating parameters such as applied current density, supporting electrolyte (NaCl or Na2SO4), agitation and temperature on the COD removal efficiency from PW were investigated and the corresponding energy consumption value was also evaluated. The estimated COD removal efficiency was achieved with and without settling step between 90 and 100 % within treatment time of 5h - 7h by using applied current in the range of 5 - 12.5 mA/cm2, but the minimum absolute value of COD for the resulting water with and without settling step was achieved to be less than 0.09 mg/l and 75 mg/l, respectively by adding 3.5 g/l NaCl. However, the energy requirement for high removal efficiency without adding NaCl was 2.5 more than with NaCl into PW. Adding NaCl into PW decreases the energy consumption and increases the oxidation efficiency by promoting the electro-generation of active chlorine species in addition to hydroxyl radical. On the other hand, only 67 % removal efficiency of COD was achieved by adding 5.1 g/l Na2SO4 into PW which affect negatively the COD removal efficiency compared to PW without any supporting electrolyte.

The integration of electrochemical treatment step based on BDD electrodes after settling primary step, which is commonly used in industry, as a novel secondary treatment step will create a hybrid stable electrochemical system combining different electrochemical removal mechanism by BDD electrode as anode and cathode such as electro-oxidation, - reduction [1], -flotation, - coagulation and -disinfection simultaneously.
A Practical Guideline for Selection and Application of Chemical Treatments for Production Enhancement in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Castro Leo U. , Morales Rosanel A.
Published: September 2016

The process of extracting low gravity, heavy oil from production wells is a practice that can induce formation damage in the reservoir that can severely impact the productivity of a well. Often times, operators will attempt to stimulate production using traditional stimulation techniques which are not always effective or practical in heavy oil reservoirs. The objective of this document is to provide practical guidance for production engineers and well managers that may be unfamiliar with well stimulation in heavy oil environments.

Extensive field experience with heavy oil well remediation has provided key building blocks for maximizing production from heavy oil producers. This document details the common types of formation damage observed in cyclic steam and steamflood environments as well as in cold non-thermal wells. The methods used to identify the potential damage mechanisms rely primarily on decline curve analysis and where applicable, wet analysis in the lab. Once a proper determination has been made, a chemical treatment program to address the specific damage mechanism can then be designed.

In many cases, a lack of understanding of the damage mechanisms in play can lead to the application or mis-application of unconventional treatments that can damage a well even further. These actions could result in the premature abandonment of an oil well with recoverable and economically viable crude. With the proper knowledge and product application, production can often be restored to pre-damage producing levels, often with sizeable incremental gains.

The combined systematic approach of evaluating production profiles, produced fluids, making proper product selections, and selecting proper placement techniques provides a recipe for a greater chance of a successful chemical stimulation program and increased production.
A Low-Cost Completion Technique for Simultaneous Steam and CO2 Injection in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Teodoriu C.. , Marquez A.. , Ichim A. C.
Published: September 2016

Steam injection is a known Enhanced Oil Recovery technique with application in heavy oil exploitation. The process is generating a rather high amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that according to the current climate regulatory initiatives should be reduced. CO2 injection to enhance heavy oil production is a known technique for such reservoirs. The technology of capturing CO2 has evolved today up to a point where it can also be applied to steam generators.

This work starts with a comprehensive review of most recent steam generator developments and their possibility of subsequently capturing CO2. Co-generation concepts will also be investigated and their potential to generate steam and CO2 for heavy oil enhanced recovery will be evaluated.

The thermal properties of CO2 are well known, and its critical state poses challenges in many injection applications. This low-cost completion is proposing a parallel injection of steam through tubing and CO2 through annular space. While injecting CO2 in a steam-heated well, the elevated temperature keeps the carbon dioxide gas away from its critical state. The gas will cool down the upper part of the well, especially the surface casing, avoiding cement damage and well integrity breaches.

This paper describes an economical completion technique that replaces the expensive thermal packer with a new budget-friendly design. This novel setup allows free tubing expansion and protects casing against high temperature through continuous gas circulation in the annulus. It also enables the simultaneously injection of combustion gases from steam generators or other gas supply. In this manner, substantial CO2 credit could be saved by operators while cutting completion expenses and environmental hazards at the same time.
Selection of Proper Chemicals to Improve the Performance of Steam Based Thermal Applications in Sands and Carbonates
Authors: Wei You , Babadagli Tayfun
Published: September 2016

Heavy oil containing carbonate and sand reservoirs exhibits reverse wettability characteristics. Depending on temperature, the phase of injected steam, and rock type, the wettability may be altered to more water-wet. The addition of chemicals to hot-water (or steam) may further change the interfacial properties (more water-wet and less interfacial tension). Surfactants were tested extensively for this process in the past and their temperature resistance was an obstacle. New generation chemicals need further investigation from a technically and economically success point of view.

The objective was to investigate the alteration of interfacial properties induced by different types of chemical agents under hot conditions. To achieve this, three experimental tools (contact angle measurement, interfacial tension measurement, and spontaneous imbibition tests) were applied. High pressure and high temperature contact angle measurements enabled a quick method to identify the suitability of the chemicals for wettability modification. Interfacial tension between oil and different chemical solution was measured with a variation of temperature. In the imbibition tests, core samples were exposed to heating for longer time periods so that the temperature resistance of the chemicals was also tested. Imbibition experiments were conducted at ambient pressure and 90°C. The combination of the contact angle and interfacial tension provided insight into the recovery enhancement mechanisms.

Six different chemicals including an ionic liquid, three nano-fluids (silica, aluminum, and zirconium oxides), a cationic surfactant, and a high pH solution were chosen based on our screening study. Heavy-oil used was obtained from a field in Alberta (6,000cp). Contact angles were measured on mica, calcite, sandstones and limestones plates. The experimental temperature ranged from 25 to 200°C and pressure was changed to keep the solution in the aqueous phase. Promising modifiers for different rock types under different temperature were screened separately. Secondly, spontaneous imbibition tests were performed on sandstone and limestone cores with screened promising modifiers. Oil recovery in this phase was continuously monitored to evaluate wettability alteration capability and the mechanism(s) involved was analyzed for different chemicals.

Analysis of wettability alteration mechanisms and IFT reduction capabilities is expected to be useful in the selection of suitable and temperature-resistant chemicals for high temperature applications in different reservoir rocks.
Review: Farrell, Thomas S. C. (2015). Reflective language teaching: From research to practice. London, New York: Bloomsbury.
Authors: Ferrarotti Laura
Published: September 2016

This book presents a combination of practical suggestions, the latest research findings, and an abundance of case studies concerning reflective language teaching. Moreover, each of the 14 chapters in the volume develops and discusses various aspects of reflective language teaching, providing a well-rounded and comprehensive view of the topic. The first seven chapters illustrate what reflective language teaching entails by means of a number of useful techniques that can be profitably adopted to enhance an individual teacher’s self-awareness and to improve his or her teaching practice. The remaining chapters discuss reflective language teaching as an effective tool that can be adopted at an institution-wide level in an effort to guarantee overall improvement in teaching practices, which include monitoring one’s teaching style, sharing ideas on critical classroom events and issues, being informed about the latest teaching techniques, and overcoming a sense of isolation.
CLINICAL CASE – SCLEREDEMA ADULTORUM
Authors: Hulei Liliya
Published: September 2016

Scleredema of Buschke is a rare dermal disease of unknown etiology which is characterized by a dense diffuse swelling of the derm and subcutaneous adipose tissue. It characterized by induration of the skin which includes a non-pitting hardening of the skin around the neck, shoulders, and trunk sometimes the face. Three basic forms are distinguished: classical, idiopathic, diabetic or metabolic.

The histopathological features of scleredema are characterized by sharply thickened derma, edema and structural impairment of collagenous fascicles metachromasia appears in the foci of the damage as a result of accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. Differential diagnostics was carried out at the other diseases similar to scleredema such as systemic scleroderma, eosinophilic fasciitis, porphyria cutanea tarda hereditaria, porphyria cutanea scleroderma-like form, Werner's syndrome, scleromyxedema, amyloidosis. Several treatments are suggested in the literature.

The present case record describes scleredema adultorum Buschke in a 52- years-old male with stiffness and density of the skin of trunk. He had suffered from diabetes mellitus type-1 for more than 30 years. The patient was treated with antibiotics, corticosteroids, polyenzyme agent, hepatoprotector, cytoflavin, polyvitamins. There was improvement with slightly decrease infiltration in foci lesions, skin color in the area of rash brightened.

Skin diseases are common in diabetes mellitus. This clinical case will enable to expand knowledge of general practitioners about the rare dermal disease – Buschke's scleredema giving the possibility to reveal such patients at early stages of the disease in proper time.
MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 AND INFLAMMATION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Authors: Voloshyna Nataliya , Vasylovskyy Vitaliy , Nehreba Tatyana , Chernenko Maksym , Vovk Viktoriya
Published: September 2016

Different clinical courses of multiple sclerosis, heterogeneity of its clinical implications, different effect of immunomodulatory therapy for the same clinical forms implies various pathogenetic mechanisms of central nervous system damage at this disease. Applicability of immunological and biochemical markers for the estimation of immunocorrecting and anti-inflammatory therapy efficacy is important. This research aims at improvement of pathological process stages diagnostics at multiple sclerosis and further therapy optimization depending on the activity of the inflammatory process. In the article matrix metalloproteinase-9 rate was assessed in 135 patients with multiple sclerosis of different course types and at different activity stages of the pathological process. The highest matrix metalloproteinase-9 rates were in patients with relapsing-remitting type at the stage of exacerbation, with the lowest rate being in patients with primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. Determination of matrix metalloproteinase-9 rate allows to assess the degree of inflammatory process expression and to monitor the efficacy of multiple sclerosis treatment.
RESECTION OPERATIONS IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PANCREATITIS COMPLICATED BY BILIARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Pylypchuk Volodymyr , Yavorskyy Andriy , Shabat Galyna , Vito Marco Marino
Published: September 2016

Surgical treatment was applied in 145 patients with complicated forms of chronic pancreatitis (CP) at the department of surgery of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Hospital in 2009–2016. Fourty-nine (33.7 %) patients had symptoms of biliary hypertension (BH); in five (3.4 %) of them BH was combined with chronic duodenal obstruction (CDO), the other 5 (3.4 %) patients had a combination of BH+CDP and local venous hypertension of pancreaticobiliary area vessels. Resection-type surgeries were applied in 28 (57.1 %) patients with CP complicated by BH. Intraoperative monitoring of biliary pressure was used in 17 patients in the process of duodenum-preserving resections of the pancreas. Frey’s procedure was applied to 20 (71.4 %) patients, in whom BH persisted after the resection stage of the surgery; Frey’s procedure was supplemented by interventions on bile ducts: hepaticoenteroanastomosis was applied in 12 patients, excision of pancreas lingula was applied in one patient, internal biliopancreatic anastomosis was applied in one patient. Berne modification was used in 2 (7.2 %) patients, and pancreaticoduodenal resection (PDR) according to Whipple – in 6 (21.4 %) patients. Remote results were studied in 19 (67.8 %) patients. Patients after duodenum-preserving resections had the best quality of life indicators, for BH signs were absent.
VITAMIN D AS ONE OF PREDICATORS OF THE STABLE VIRAL RESPONSE TO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIS HEPATITIS С
Authors: Moroz Larisa , Musaev Eltun Engibar Ogli , Androsova Olga , Davydyuk Irina
Published: September 2016

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) it is not exceptionally medical problem but a significant social and economic threat, taking into account the unfavorable consequences of this disease: cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. And as a result - the high level of disability. In the article are presented the results of examination of 41 patients with chronic hepatitis C, with 1 genotype, who received the antiviral therapy (AVT). All patients underwent determination of the level of 5-hydroxycholeсalсeferol (25-OH vit D3), vitamin D and also the study of IL-28B polymorphism as the one of predicators of response to AVT. It was demonstrated, that in patients with hepatitis was observed the deficit of 25-OH vit D3 and general vitamin D. It was established, that in patients with the normal 25-OH vit D3 level SVR (stable viral response) was observed in 1,4 times more often than in patients with deficit of 25-OH vit D3. That is the level of 25-OH vit D3 can be considered as a predicator of SVR to AVT.
OPTIMIZATION OF PROPHYLACTIC ARRANGEMENTS IN CHILDREN WITH HYPOPLASIA OF DENTAL ENAMEL
Authors: Liubarets Svetlana , Bidenko Nataliia
Published: September 2016

Aim of research. To raise the effectiveness of anticarious properties of oral cavity in children with enamel hypoplasia by introduction of the complex of arrangements, directed on optimization of the oral cavity hygiene, level of secretory immunoglobulin А (sIgA) and the content of mineral components of oral liquid (calcium and orthophosphates).

Materials and methods. Object of research – enamel hypoplasia of the permanent teeth. Subject of research – hygienic status of the oral cavity, level of general calcium, orthophosphates, sIgA in the oral liquid. Methods of research: vital coloration of enamel, transillumination, photometric, immune-enzyme method, indices of hygienic status of the oral cavity (Green–Vermillion (1964) index, Silness–Loe (1964, 1967) index).

There was carried out an assessment of hygienic status of the oral cavity, determination of the level of calcium, orthophosphates and sIgA in the oral liquid of 45 children, 6–14 years old (group № 1 – 21 persons, group № 2 – 24 persons). Group №1 – children, who underwent the complex of prophylactic arrangements that included recommendations as to the choice of means and subjects for the oral cavity care and teaching the standard method of teeth brushing. Group № 2 – children, who additionally used remineralizing cream on the water base with casein phosphopeptide – amorphous calcium phosphate (СРР-АСР) (Certificate on the state registration №10014/2010 of 03.12.2010).
Results. Hygienic status of the oral cavity of children from the both groups was assessed as “unsatisfactory” one according to Green–Vermillion index and as “bad” one according to Silness–Loe index. After prophylactic arrangements the oral cavity status was improved in children of the group № 1: Green–Vermillion (p=0,0013) and Silness–Loe (p=0,0002) indices essentially decreased. In children of the group №2 after prophylactic arrangements hygienic status of the oral cavity was improved more essentially: Green–Vermillion (p=0,0002) and Silness–Loe (p=0,0002) indices reliably decreased. Prescription of remineralizing cream to the children of group № 2 reliably raised the content of calcium (р=0,0051) and sIgA in the oral liquid (р=0,001). Orthophosphates level did not essentially change in both groups.

Conclusions. Introduction of the complex of prophylactic arrangements with additional use of remineralizing preparation favored the more essential improvement of the oral cavity hygiene, raise of calcium and sIgA in the oral liquid.
CORRECTING EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT FROM DUCKWEED LEMNA MINORFROND ON MORPHOLOGICAL STATE OF THYROID GLAND IN RATS WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Kononenko Alevtyna , Kravchenko Vera
Published: September 2016

The present work studied the effect of aqueous extract from duckweed Lemna minor frond on morphological state of the thyroid gland in the experimental hypothyroidism. Healthy albino rats weighing between 120 g and 150 g were used. The animalswere randomly allotted into four groups, each containing ten rats respectively. Three of the groups (II, III and IV) induced with hypothyroidism by 1 % solution of sodium perchlorate with drinking water for 20 days. Control (vehicle) rats were given normal saline. After 20 days hypothyroid groups (III and IV) of rats treated with aqueous extract from duckweed Lemna minor frond at a dose 0.5 ml/100 g of body weight and with Iodomarin 200 (reference drug) at a dose 12 µg/kg daily orally for 21 days. Results obtained from the study showed that the introduction of sodium perchlorate leads to morphological and functional changes in the structure of the thyroid gland in rats, accompanied by sings of hyperplastic tissue proliferation and corresponds with hypofunctional state. It was established that introduction of aqueous extract from duckweed Lemna minor frond has a positive effect on the restructuring of the thyroid gland in rats with hypothyroidism, increasing its functional activity. There is a decrease of proliferative processes by extrafolliсular epithelium and thyrocytes in the follicles. The outer diameter of follicles decreased by 7.65 % (P>0.05), the height and size of thyrocytes in the wall of the follicle were significantly decreased by 58.16 % and 18 41 %, respectively, compared to untreated hypothyroid group. The obtained results have practical significance for the development of drugs with thyroid-stimulating action for preventing or delaying the development of hypothyroidism and its complications.
COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUITS OF ERICACEAE SPECIES UNDER CONDITIONS OF BELARUS
Authors: Rupasova Zhanna , Reshetnikov Vladimir , Yakovlev Аleksandr , Volotovich Anton , Vasilevskaya Tamara , Krinitskaya Natalia , Tishkovskaya Elizaveta , Titok Vladimir , Pavlovski Nikolay
Published: September 2016

Thus, as a result of biochemical screening of 30 taxons of Ericaceae species taking into account 32 parameters in a long-term cycle of observation it has been established the different degree of dependence of variability level of biochemical structure components of fruits of alien crops on genotype and a hydrothermal mode of the period of their maturing has been revealed. The similarity of parameters of genotypic variability of some traits of all investigated Ericaceae species is also revealed: low one – for the general contents in fruits of soluble sugars, flavonols, of potassium, calcium, magnesium and high one – for the contents of anthocyanins, and also the ratio of fractions of pectinaceous substances and bioflavonoids.
Specific features of genetic determinacy of the analyzed traits, testifying the greatest degree of its displays of V. corymbosum for total accumulation of soluble sugars and bioflavonoids, flavonols contents, calcium and magnesium and by the lowest degree – for the contents of titratable acids, vitamin C, anthocyanins and values of a sugar-acid index were established. If to mention V. vitis-idaea L., the parameters of general accumulation in fruits of soluble sugars, dry substances and all major mineral elements were characterized by the greatest degree of genetic determinacy, whereas by the least degree – the contents of anthocyanins, catechines and tannins. If to mention V. macrocarpon, the parameters of accumulation in fruits of dry substances, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phenol-carboxylic acids have been noted by the most expressed genetic determinacy, and by the least expressed – the contents of anthocyanins, sucrose and pectinaceous substances in fruits.