bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestão Escolar E Educação Inclusiva: Estratégias Para A Minimização Do Bullying Nas Escolas
Authors: Correia Silvia Gomes , Ribeiro Claudiane , Santos Adelcio Machado Dos , Junior Waldyr Barcellos , Batista Wagner Roberto
Published: October 2024

A pesquisa investigou a eficácia das estratégias de gestão escolar e educação inclusiva na minimização do bullying nas escolas. O objetivo foi entender como integrar essas abordagens para criar um ambiente mais seguro e acolhedor. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, com análise de literatura acadêmica e científica disponível em plataformas como Scielo e Scopus. Os resultados evidenciaram que a gestão escolar deve implementar políticas claras contra o bullying, oferecer formação contínua para professores e criar uma cultura de respeito e inclusão. A educação inclusiva contribui significativamente ao promover a aceitação da diversidade e integrar todos os alunos no ambiente escolar. A análise concluiu que a combinação de políticas
Implication Of Environmental Related Cost On Performance Of Oil And Gas Companies In Nigeria
Authors: Aca Ejabu, Fidelis. E. Ph.D, , Etim Asukwo, Imo , Michael Idor, Roy
Published: October 2024

The study examined the implication of environmental cost on performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to examine whether environmental cost affects return on capital employed and market value added of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Data for this study were retrieved from reports of the companies from 2013-2017 financial years and values for the qualitative data such as environmental regulatory cost (ERC) and environmental health and safety cost (EHSC) were measured using dichotomy procedures. Values were assigned from 0-5 based on the level of disclosure using global reporting index (GRI). Having examine the content of the financial report of the companies, the analytical technique used for this study was the panel regression method. The research results indicate that there exists a relationship between environmental cost and profitability of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended amongst others that Oil and gas companies should focus reasonable attention to addressing relevant environmental issues and cost involvement disclosed in their financial report for the purpose of profit measurement.
The Evolution Of Customer Service In The Digital Era
Authors: Maheshwaram Varunika
Published: October 2024

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The Impact Of Technology On Job Markets
Authors: . Varunika
Published: October 2024

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O Impacto Das Dores E Lesões Nas Práticas Interpretativas E A Importância Da Criticidade E Do Olhar Artesanal No Estudo Instrumental
Authors: Filho Alfeu Rodrigues De Araújo , Lemes Douglas Henrique
Published: October 2024

A origem deste trabalho ocorreu em uma comunicação oral realizada no XXXIII Congresso da ANPPOM - Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação em Música. O Artigo examina de maneira aprofundada o impacto das dores e lesões nas práticas interpretativas de músicos instrumentistas, com foco especial na importância da criticidade e do olhar artesanal como ferramentas eficazes na prevenção de tais problemas. Lesões e dores são frequentemente associados à prática instrumental repetitiva, que, combinada com fatores psicossociais como pressão por desempenho e competitividade, pode levar a consequências severas. Músicos enfrentam não apenas limitações temporárias em sua performance, mas, em casos mais graves, têm suas carreiras interrompidas ou até encerradas prematuramente. Entre as principais causas está a falta de percepção corporal adequada, onde músicos, em busca de perfeição técnica, acabam negligenciando sinais de desconforto físico. Além disso, o meio musical contemporâneo, marcado por intensa competitividade, agrava esse cenário, pois muitos músicos sentem-se pressionados a ignorar ou minimizar dores e lesões para manter sua performance em níveis altos. Essas condições físicas prejudiciais acabam afetando tanto o desempenho artístico quanto o bem-estar emocional dos músicos, muitas vezes levando ao esgotamento físico e mental. O presente estudo, de natureza qualitativa e baseado em uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, evidencia a necessidade urgente de uma mudança nas práticas pedagógicas e na maneira como os músicos se relacionam com seus corpos durante a prática instrumental. A criticidade, aplicada de forma consciente ao estudo instrumental, surge como uma estratégia fundamental para o desenvolvimento de uma prática mais saudável e equilibrada. Ao respeitar as limitações físicas individuais e promover o autoconhecimento, a criticidade permite ao músico ajustar sua prática de acordo com suas próprias necessidades, prevenindo lesões antes que se tornem severas. Este artigo sugere ações concretas que visam não apenas prevenir lesões, mas também fortalecer a autonomia dos músicos, propondo a integração da criticidade no contexto educacional da música. Além disso, o estudo oferece uma nova perspectiva sobre o papel do ensino musical, que deve valorizar o equilíbrio físico e emocional como fatores essenciais para a longevidade e o sucesso na carreira dos instrumentistas
Strategic Planning In The Public Sector: Analyzing Its Effects On Local Government Performance
Authors: Kruger Juliano Milton
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impacts of strategic planning, strategic types, and stakeholder involvement on the performance of Brazilian local governments. Using a sample of 286 municipalities, the research employs multiple regression analysis to evaluate how these variables influence various dimensions of organizational performance, including the management of objectives, operations, people, external relations, and overall performance. The primary goal of the study is to empirically validate the relationship between strategic planning and the performance of local governments, as well as to identify which strategic types are most effective in different contexts. Additionally, it seeks to understand the role of stakeholder involvement in the strategic planning process. The methodology included the collection of primary data through electronic surveys sent to municipal managers, as well as secondary data from the Municipal Management Index (IGM-CFA). The variables analyzed were the Strategic Planning Perception Index (IPE), strategic types (defender, prospector, reactor), and the Stakeholder Involvement Index (IEST). The results indicate that a positive perception of strategic planning is significantly associated with improvements in all areas of performance analyzed. Proactive and innovative strategies (prospectors) showed positive correlations with performance, while reactive strategies showed negative correlations. Stakeholder involvement also contributed positively to the management of objectives, operations, and people, although it showed a negative correlation with the management of externalrelations.
Research On The Operational Efficiency And Development Mode Of Airport Clusters
Authors: Yan Lin , Kunjie Li
Published: October 2024

Airports are an important support for building a strong civil aviation country, and the development of airport clusters is of paramount importance in accelerating the development of civil aviation. The paper selects the Yangtze River Delta Airport Clusters, Beijing Tianjin Hebei Airport Clusters, Pearl River Delta Airport Clusters, Chengdu Chongqing Airport Clusters, Paris Airport Clusters, Berlin Airport Clusters, Frankfurt Airport Clusters, New York Airport Clusters, Washington Airport Clusters, Chicago Airport Clusters, and Los Angeles Airport Clusters as research objects. The operational data and input-output data of the sample airport Clusterss are collected, and the DEA model is used to evaluate the operational efficiency of the sample airport clusterss. The differences in operational efficiency of airport clusterss under different development models are compared, and the conclusion is that the operational efficiency of multi center airport clusterss is generally better than that of single center airport clusters
Unveiling the mask of Financial Exclusion: A Micro-Level Analysis of Gaddis and Gujjars Tribal Communities Financial Inclusiveness.
Authors: Bibi Dr. Shivan
Published: October 2024

Financial exclusion is a pervasive issue that affects millions of individuals worldwide, hindering their economic growth and development. Despite efforts to promote financial inclusion, many individuals remain excluded from formal financial services, perpetuating a cycle of poverty and inequality. This study seeks to unveil the mask of financial exclusion by examining the micro-level factors that influence individual financial inclusiveness. Using a mixed-methods approach, analyze data from a survey of 382 non nomadic tribal community individuals in a developing country, supplemented by in-depth interviews with 90 nomadic tribal respondents. The results of this study reveal that financial exclusion is a complex phenomenon driven by a range of factors, including socioeconomic characteristics, financial literacy, and access to financial infrastructure. This study also find that existing measures of financial inclusion, such as account ownership and credit access, mask the true extent of financial exclusion, as many individuals with formal financial accounts still face significant barriers to using these services. This study contributes to the literature on financial inclusion by providing a nuanced understanding of the micro-level factors that shape individual financial inclusiveness. This research argue that policymakers must move beyond aggregate measures of financial inclusion and instead focus on addressing the specific needs and challenges faced by excluded individuals. By doing so, policymaker can create more effective policies to promote financial inclusion and reduce poverty and inequality
Role Of Government Policies In Shaping Vegetable Marketing Practices: Evidence FromRajasthan
Authors: Karan Dr. Dev , Rawat Mr. Mohit
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of government policies on vegetable marketing practices in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Using primary data collected from surveys of 500 farmers, 100 wholesalers, and 50 retailers across five districts of Rajasthan, as well as secondary data fromgovernment reports and academic literature, the paper analyzes how various national and state-level agricultural policies have influenced the structure and functioning of vegetable value chains in the region. Key policies considered include the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act, contract farming laws, minimum support prices (MSP), and agricultural subsidies. The results show that the APMC Act has led to the development of a network of regulated wholesale markets which serve as the main marketing channel for vegetables, but its provisions restricting sales outside these markets have hindered direct linkages between producers and buyers. Recent reforms aimed at allowing private markets and removing barriers to interstate trade have had limited impact so far. Contract farming remains underdeveloped due to regulatory uncertainty and lack of trust between stakeholders. MSP haslittle relevance for most vegetable crops given their perishability and lack of public procurement. Input subsidies, while increasing yields, have exacerbated problems of overuse of chemicals and declining water tables. The paper argues for a more holistic, nutrition-sensitive approach to agricultural policy that goes beyond a narrow focus on boosting production and marketable surplus. Specific recommendations include investments in storage and cold-chain infrastructure, expansion of crop insurance coverage, promotion of Farmer Producer Organizations and shorter supply chains, and greater emphasis on sustainable production practices and nutrition education. Enhancing smallholder access to credit, information, and input-output markets remains critical
Microfinance Initiatives In Nawa Rajasthan: A Study Of Impact And Efficacy
Authors: Gupta Tripti
Published: October 2024

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The Role Of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCS) In Enhancing Financial Inclusion In India: Opportunities And Challenges
Authors: Baid Ananyaa
Published: October 2024

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Evolution Of The Indian Digital Payment Ecosystem And Its Global Impact: A Comparative Analysis And The Role Of Microfinance
Authors: Sharma Akul , Davesar Khushal
Published: October 2024

This research seeks to understand how the Indian digital payments landscape has evolved in the last decade and what is changing in the financial world at large scale because of it. Long leaps have been made in the Indian fintech space over the years, mainly from crucial government initiatives, technological innovations, and a growing user base depending on digital payment platforms. This paper also situates India as a leader in the world of fintech innovation and uses cross-national comparisons to explore economic and social impacts and the global consequences of India's digital payment model. The paper finds that in creating a model for digital payments, India has set global standards for the development of fintech while increasing domestic financial inclusion (Kanungo & Gupta, 2021). It also tells the future trends and the prospect of India's digital payment ecosystem going global in influencing financial practices.
Collaborative Strategies For Promoting Economic Empowerment
Authors: Enudi Ogechi
Published: October 2024

This article explores the role of strategic partnerships in ensuring economic empowerment, particularly within underserved communities and small businesses in the U.S. It explains the importance of collaboration among financial institutions, community organizations, and government agencies as a means to promote financial inclusion and stimulate economic development. Through the analysis of successful case studies, such as the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) and Financial Empowerment Centers (FECs), the article identifies core components essential for building effective partnerships, including shared goals, trust, clear roles, and strong monitoring frameworks. It offers a comprehensive roadmap for developing and implementing collaborative programs that emphasize the importance of needs assessment, securing resources, and measuring impact. The article studies the indispensable nature of these partnerships in overcoming systemic barriers and driving sustainable economic empowerment. Finally, it calls for ongoing research and innovation in partnership models to adapt to evolving challenges and opportunities in the financial inclusion platform.
Game Theory Applications In The Airbus-Boeing Dispute
Authors: Shethna Akash
Published: October 2024

This study examines the intricate trade dispute between Airbus and Boeing which took place from the late 1970s all the way till 2021. By using game theory tools including Nash equilibrium, mixed strategies, Stackelberg competition and credible threats, I can explore the strategic trade decisions, such as tarif s, subsidies and complaints to the WTO, taken by each player and how this af ects the overall competitiveness and the health of the LCA sector. Each of these games use data from the real world in order to ef ectively depict the outcomes that could have arisen and those that actually happened. The key findings were able to illustrate how although some of the theoretical economic ideologies were used, the real life decisions still deviated from the stable outcomes due to external pressures and factors. The results provide us a more intricate understanding of the trade world and the economic environment of the LCA industry
The Economic Footprint Of The FIFA World Cup
Authors: Nawalkha Rudransh
Published: October 2024

The FIFA World Cup is a premier global sport, since its inception in 1930, on the 15th of December. The World Cup event has substantial economic implications for its host countries. This study examines the economic footprint of the FIFA World Cup by targeting three key components: immediate benefits, long-term economical impacts, and associated challenges. The research incorporates economic data and impact assessments to offer insights into the complex balance of costs and benefits associated with the FIFA World Cup. Objectives of the Paper: At the outset, this research paper highlights the instant financial gains, such as increased tourism, which boosts local spending in businesses, hotels, and restaurants. The influx of visitors also generates short-term employment possibilities, providing temporary economic boosts. The analysis then turns to the long-term effects, observing that hosting the World Cup can lead to significant infrastructure development, including stadiums and transportation systems, which enhances urban development and quality of life. Additionally, a successful World Cup can improve the host city’s global footprints, possibly attracting future investment and tourism. However, the study also delves into the challenges involved. An overall cost of hosting, including construction, management, and security, can be substantial, sometimes outweighing the immediate benefits. Post-event periods can be complex, with decreased economic activity and maintenance costs for new infrastructure. Case studies of consecutive FIFA world cups including South Africa 2010, Brazil 2014, and Russia 2018 are examined to provide a balanced perspective of the varied experiences of different host nations. In final analysis, while the FIFA World Cup can bring significant economic benefits and long-term development, it also presents considerable financial challenges. The findings underscore the need for careful planning and management to optimize the event’s positive impacts and address possible drawbacks, providing essential lessons for anticipated host cities and nations.1
The Evolution Of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) And Its Impact On Global Business Practices
Authors: V Ilakkiya
Published: October 2024

The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have undergone significant evolution over the years, shaping the financial reporting on a global scale. The journey of IFRS began with the establishment of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) in 1973, which laid the foundation for international accounting harmonization. Over time, the IASC transformed into the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), which took on the responsibility of developing and issuing IFRS. The adoption of IFRS has become increasingly widespread, with many countries around the world either adopting the standards outright or converging their national standards with IFRS. One of the primary objectives of IFRS is to enhance the comparability, transparency, and reliability of financial reporting across borders. By providing a common set of accounting principles, IFRS facilitates better communication and understanding among stakeholders, including investors, creditors, regulators and other users of financial information. This standardization promotes efficiency in capital markets and encourages cross-border or cross-nation investment and business activities. IFRS is characterized by its principles-based approach, which emphasizes substance over form and allows for greater flexibility in financial reporting. Unlike rules-based standards, which prescribe specific treatments for various transactions, principles-based standards provide a framework for judgment, allowing preparers to alter their financial statements to reflect the economic reality of their transactions. The impact of IFRS extends beyond financial reporting to areas such as taxation, auditing, and regulatory compliance. While the adoption of IFRS has brought many benefits, it has also presented challenges for companies and regulators alike. The evolution of IFRS has had a profound impact on global business practices, promoting greater transparency, comparability, and efficiency in financial reporting. Through an examination of the evolution of IFRS, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of its profound influence on global business practices
Comprehensive Budgeting Frameworks And Financial Performance Of Smes In Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ihenyen Dr. Confidence Joel , Ekpoamumemi Teibowei Henry
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of a comprehensive budgeting framework on the financial performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Given the critical role of SMEs in the Nigerian economy, effective financial management practices, particularly budgeting, are essential for their sustainability and growth. The study adopts a quantitative research design, utilising secondary data obtained from existing sources such as financial statements, annual reports, and industry databases from 2017-2021. The analysis was conducted using both descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlation and regression analysis. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between the comprehensive budgeting framework and key FP indicators, such as profitability, RG, and ROI. Specifically, the study demonstrates that SMEs with more structured and thorough budgeting practices have more tendency to experience higher PR, sustained RG, and higher ROI. The regression analysis confirms that a CBF significantly influenced FP, underscoring its importance in financial planning and control. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the benefits of comprehensive budgeting for SMEs in a developing country context, where financial management practices are often less formalized. It highlights the need for SMEs to adopt structured budgeting processes that include regular reviews, adjustments, and alignment with business objectives. By doing so, SMEs can enhance their financial resilience, better navigate economic challenges, and achieve long-term success. The research recommends that policymakers and SME support organizations should promote the adoption of CBFs among SMEs as a strategy to improve their financial performance and contribute to broader economic growth.
Tax Morale, Governance Quality And Tax Compliance
Authors: Grace Dr. Ikidi, Pere-ere , Ohio Akhimie, Evans , Lawrence Ozuah Oshionebo
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the relationship between tax morale, governance quality, and tax compliance in Nigeria. The study used the library research approach, which involved examining books, academic journals, and conference papers. According to the evaluation, tax compliance in Nigeria remains below standard, resulting in low tax morale, which is influenced by people's perceptions of government services, a lack of justice, and trust. The study also discovers that tax morale has a significant impact on tax noncompliance, such as a decrease in foreign portfolio equity investment inflows for tax avoidance, self-employed tax payers, and perceptions of higher tax fines and difficulty evading taxes. The study also discovers a favourable link between government quality (excellent governance, views of government accountability and provisions) and tax compliance. Studies have shown a considerable association between tax morale, governance quality, and tax compliance. The study recommends that government put in place efficient and effective tax collection policies, through providing people with accessible ways of paying their taxes, simplifying the process and reduction of taxes imposed on lower income individuals.
Contribution Of Instagram And Youtube On The Growth Of Small Business
Authors: Taneja Anaya
Published: October 2024

Social media has profoundly transformed the landscape for small businesses in a dynamic manner, offering both significant challenges and opportunities. This service facilitates direct engagement with customers, fostering community and brand loyalty and personalized customer service that can significantly enhance a business’s reputation and customer retention. However, the rapid pace and ever-changing nature of social media also presents various challenges. Small businesses must continuously adapt to new trends, algorithms and platforms, which can be resource incentive. Additionally, the risk of misinformation and the spread of false information can pose significant threats. Small businesses must be vigilant in maintaining their online reputation, promptly addressing any issues or negative feedback. A proactive approach by leveraging the opportunities and mitigating the challenges, small businesses can harness the full potential of social media to drive success and sustainability in today’s digital age. Overall, while social media offers unparalleled opportunities for growth and engagement, it requires a strategic and wellmanaged approach to navigate its complexities and maximize its benefits for small businesses. Research Question: "How do small businesses leverage social media platforms to enhance customer engagement and drive sales, and what are the key challenges they face in sustaining this digital presence?" This question seeks to explore the dual facets of social media’s impact – its potential to significantly boost customer interaction and revenue, the hurdles that small businesses must overcome to maintain an effective and engaging social media strategy. Through this paper, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of dynamic relationship between small businesses and social media, offering valuable insights for business owners and marketers alike
How Do Investors React To Market Bubbles And Crashes, And What Are The Underlying Behavioral Explanations For Such Reactions
Authors: Dewan Kaashvi
Published: October 2024

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From Likes To Purchases: The Role Of Social Media In Consumer Buying Patterns
Authors: Kajaria Avni
Published: October 2024

This study explores the influence of social media on consumer buying behavior through a quantitative analysis involving 90 respondents, employing structured surveys for data collection. The findings reveal that WhatsApp and Instagram are the most used platforms, each utilized by 76.7% of participants. Significant factors impacting purchasing decisions include product recommendations from friends and family (41.1%) and online reviews (38.9%), with 53.3% of respondents acknowledging that social media has affected their spending habits. Furthermore, 64.4% reported making purchases based solely on social media recommendations. While 37.8% recognized the influence of social media influencers, their overall impact on purchasing behavior is deemed moderate. These findings highlight the critical role of social media as a strategic tool for enhancing consumer engagement, providing essential insights for marketers to develop effective strategies that leverage these platforms. The study emphasizes the necessity for brands to navigate the complexities of social media to maximize their influence on consumer behavior and adapt to the evolving digital marketplace
Emergent Data Governance Framework In Nigeria
Authors: Oghenekevwe Egbedion
Published: October 2024

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A Study On Labour Welfare Practices In Suprajit Automotive Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru
Authors: Ravindra Dr.K.B.
Published: October 2024

Labour Welfare and Social Security has got tremendous significance with Public Sector, Private Sector and also Multinational Companies. The aspect of Labour Welfare requires a serious thought and also a honest and open approach that Money and Good Environment given to Employees never go waste. The Motto is take care of Employees and Workers and the Employees and Workers will take care of the Organisation. Employee oriented management has become a highly successful management in the Corporate Sector in India as well as in the Global arena. A happy employee is naturally a productive employee. The function of Human Capital Management is changing significantly in the present digital era. In response to the changing nature of the Workforce, Globalisation and rapid advancement in Technology, HR leaders are adopting innovative approaches and cutting-edge technologies to enhance Organisational effectiveness and enable employees to give their best. In this background, a detailed study has been conducted on the Labour Welfare Practices adopted at Suprajit Automotive Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru. Primary Data collected through a Structured Questionnaire administered to 100 respondents covering all departments and levels has revealed that the Company is providing satisfactory Welfare and Social Security amenities to its employees and Workers. However, there are certain areas where the respondents have expressed dissatisfaction and partial satisfaction. It will be in the interest of the company to look into these areas and take necessary remedial steps
On how do Cybersecurity breaches affect consumer trust and behavior in the digital economy of India
Authors: . Soumya
Published: October 2024

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Is Dhaka Stock Exchange An Efficient Capital Market? - Evidence Of Weak-Form Efficient Market Hypothesis
Authors: Misir Dr. Mohammad Abu , Hossain M. N. Nahid
Published: October 2024

This paper uses Random walk hypothesis to test the efficiency of Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd (DSE), an emerging capital market of Bangladesh. In this paper, with Runs test, Dickey-Fuller Unit root test have been processed and analyzed to observed the behavior of daily return of Dhaka Stock Exchange indices during the study period. The sample includes the daily price indices of all securities listed on the DSE general, DSI (All Share), DSE-30, and Daily indices listed with DSE. As a proxy of movement of individual stock prices, daily closing prices of 30 companies operating in the Banking sector has been analyzed. The results provide evidence that DSE does not follow the random walk model and so DSE is not efficient even in weak form. To improve this capital market, the timely disclosure and dissemination of information to the shareholders and investors on the performance of the listed companies should be given emphasized.
The Role Of State Governments In Fiscal Deficit Management In India: Challenges And Opportunities
Authors: . Himanshu
Published: October 2024

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The Influence Of Trade Tariffs On Global Trade
Authors: . Himanshu
Published: October 2024

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How Does The Transition From Conventional Marketing To Online Marketing Align With Economic Theories On Market Efficiency And Resource Allocation?"
Authors: Hardwani Muskan
Published: October 2024

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The Cognitive Reflection Test and Investment Decision
Authors: Konstantinidis Anastasios d.
Published: October 2024

The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), a measure of cognitive reflection, assesses people's capacity and, accordingly, investors' ability to override immediate, reflexive responses in favour of rational answers and decisions. The test is significant in behavioural finance as its questions reveal biases and heuristics, which affect rational investment decisions and choices. The present research employs a sample of Accounting and Finance students, who represent potential future investors and participants in financial markets, to examine the extent to which the respondents engage in rational thinking when answering the test questions. CRT approach aims to evaluate their ability to avoid impulsive actions and rely less on intuitive decision-making (System 1).
The Mediating Effect Of Market Liquidity On The Relationship Between Financial Liberalization And Stock Market Returns Among East Africa Community Member Countries
Authors: Wainaina Peter Wanyoike , Elly Duncan , Ogilo Fredrick , Barasa Laura
Published: October 2024

The motivation for this study stems from the critical role of financial markets in economic development and the need to understand the factors influencing stock market performance in the East African Community (EAC) member countries. Financial liberalization, market liquidity, and macroeconomic stability are pivotal in shaping stock market returns. However, empirical studies examining these relationships within the EAC context are limited, prompting this comprehensive analysis. The general objective of this study was to investigate the effect of financial liberalization, market liquidity, and macroeconomic factors on stock market returns among EAC member countries. The study was anchored on the theory of financial liberalization, neoclassical theory, efficient market hypothesis, behavioral finance theory, and the general theory of employment, interest, and money. Data were collected from secondary sources, including financial reports, stock exchange databases, and relevant economic databases, covering the period from 2002 to 2021.The study employed fixed-effects regression models, chosen based on the Hausman specification test, to control for unobserved heterogeneity across countries. Baron and Kenny’s approach was used to test for mediation and moderation effects. The analysis involved examining the direct and, mediating relationships between the key variables. The findings revealed that financial liberalization significantly and positively affects stock market returns. Conversely, market liquidity was found to mediate this relationship, enhancing the positive effects of financial liberalization. The study concludes that financial liberalization is a crucial determinant of stock market performance in the EAC region. Market liquidity plays a significant role in amplifying the benefits of financial liberalization. For policymakers, the study recommends policymakers in EAC should focus on developing infrastructure that supports efficient trading systems. This recommendation is based on the finding that higher market liquidity significantly boosts the positive effects of foreign assets and liabilities on stock market returns
Finance Modeling Approach Using Machine Learning
Authors: Adegbite Ayodeji
Published: October 2024

The integration of machine learning (ML) into financial modeling represents a transformative shift in the finance sector, enhancing analytical capabilities and decision-making processes. This article explores the fundamental concepts of financial modeling and machine learning, illustrating how ML methodologies—both supervised and unsupervised—improve traditional financial models by enabling the analysis of extensive datasets to uncover intricate patterns. By leveraging historical data, ML enhances predictive accuracy in various applications, including risk assessment, algorithmic trading, credit scoring, and fraud detection. The article highlights significant advancements in predictive analytics through techniques such as regression analysis and time series forecasting, which allow financial analysts to navigate market uncertainties more effectively. Moreover, the automation of data processing and feature engineering through ML leads to increased operational efficiency, reducing human error and enhancing real-time decision-making capabilities. However, challenges such as data quality issues, model interpretability, and ethical considerations regarding algorithmic bias necessitate careful management to ensure responsible implementation. The article emphasizes the importance of transparency in ML models to foster trust among stakeholders while meeting regulatory requirements. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on the integration of explainable AI with blockchain technology and the implications of big data analytics on ML models. By addressing these emerging challenges and opportunities, finance professionals can leverage advanced analytical tools to drive innovation and enhance strategic initiatives in an increasingly complex financial landscape. Ultimately, this article underscores the pivotal role of machine learning in reshaping financial modeling practices and its potential to redefine the future of finance.
The Magnitude Of The Informal Remittances Flow To Kenya: An Augmented Gravity Model Approach.
Authors: Mathenge Anthony Kagiri , Mdoe Jackson Idi
Published: October 2024

Background: In Kenya remittances are now a proper source of external finances. Kenya received $4.19 billion in form of diaspora remittances in year 2023. Over the years, remittances are proving to be more stable, well diversified and are promising more growth relative to foreign direct investments, official development assistance, private capital and exports. On the micro scale the remittances are helping achieve Kenya’s developmental goals of having a globally competitive human resource and an adequately and decently housed population as outlined in the country’s development blueprint - The Kenya Vision 2030. Though the remittances are these important, official remittance data in Kenya, as well as in many African countries, only include remittances sent through formal channels such as banks and Money transfer Operators. Remittances through the informal channels such as hawalas and hundis are not recorded. This means that the recorded remittances are grossly understated impeding the capacity of policy makers to design appropriate policies aimed at encouraging remittances. The study employed panel data analysis and a thought experiment on remittance data between 2013Q1 and 2022Q4. Through a thought experiment, the study asks what impact a reduction of the costs of sending remittances would have on remittances if the transaction costs were reduced to that of the informal channels of sending remittances. The analysis revealed that the size of the informal remittances in Kenya is between 20% and 26% of the formal remittances. On the determinants of remittance flows to Kenya, the study establishes that Kenyan migrants send more when the economic freedoms and economic conditions improve in their host nations but send less when economic freedoms back at home improve. Accurately measuring informal emittances in Kenya is vital for creating effective government policies. This data would reveal the true extent of remittances' impact on the economy, allowing policymakers to develop strategies that fully utilize their potential for development. By encouraging people to send money through official channels, the government can increase tax income, improve access to financial services, and better monitor these transactions. Additionally, understanding the size of informal remittances is essential for combating financial crimes like money laundering and ensuring that resources are used efficiently
Income Inequality Among Transgender Individuals In India: With Data Evidence And Case Study From Chandigarh Tri-City
Authors: Singh Ishnoor
Published: October 2024

This research paper explores the Income Inequality experienced by transgender individuals in India. Despite legal recognition and progressive reforms, the transgender community continues to be victimised due to socioeconomic marginalization. This paper examines income inequality within the transgender population in Chandigarh Tri-City through primary data collection and analysis. The research explores factors such as educational attainment, employment opportunities, and access to social services that contribute to income inequality. By identifying these issues, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how economic inequalities exist and what measures are needed to bring inclusivity and equality for transgender individuals
Role Of Cooperatives In Promoting Organic Farming In Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Minzar Mohammed , Mishra Manish Kumar
Published: October 2024

The shift toward organic farming in India, especially in Uttar Pradesh, has been accelerating in recent years. Cooperatives are playing a critical role in this transformation by providing farmers with the necessary support for adopting organic practices. This research paper examines the role of cooperatives in promoting organic farming in Uttar Pradesh, using data from 2024, to understand their impact on agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability, and farmer income. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the various initiatives undertaken by cooperatives, and government interventions, and highlights the challenges and opportunities for future expansion. Latest data is provided through tables that detail organic farming area, farmer participation, and cooperative initiatives.
Prognostic Impact of Bacterobilia on Morbidity and Postoperative Management After Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Müssle Benjamin , Hempel Sebastian , Kahlert Christoph , Distler Marius , Weitz Jürgen , Welsch Thilo
Published: February 2018

Background

Intraoperative bile analysis during pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is performed routinely at specialized centers worldwide. However, it remains controversial if and how intraoperative bacterobilia during PD affects morbidity and its management. The aim of the study was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of intraoperative bacterobilia and its impact on patient outcome after PD.

Methods

Five relevant outcomes of interest were defined, and a systematic review of the literature with meta‐analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines.

Results

A total of 28 studies (8523 patients) were included. The median incidence of bacterobilia was 58% (interquartile range 51–67%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Enterococcus species (51%), Klebsiella species (28%), and Escherichia coli (27%). Preoperative biliary drainage was significantly associated with bacterobilia (86 vs. 25%; RR 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.42–4.42; p < 0.001). The incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) was significantly increased in cases with bacterobilia (RR 2.84; 95% CI 2.17–3.73; p < 0.001). Postoperative pancreatic fistula, overall postoperative morbidity, and mortality were not significantly influenced. Identical bacteria in bile and the infectious sources were found in 48% (interquartile range 34–59%) of the cases.

Conclusions

Bacterobilia is detected during almost every second PD and is associated with an increased rate of SSI. The microbiome from intraoperative bile and postoperative infectious sources match in ~50% of patients, providing the option of early administration of calculated antibiotics and the determination of resistance patterns.
Potential of biogenic methane for pilot-scale fermentation ex situ with lump anthracite and the changes of methanogenic consortia
Authors: Yang Xiuqing , Chen Yanmei , Wu Ruiwei , Nie Zhiqiang , Han Zuoying , Tan Kaili , Chen Linyong
Published: February 2018

Pilot-scale fermentation is one of the important processes for achieving industrialization of biogenic coalbed methane (CBM), although the mechanism of biogenic CBM remains unknown. In this study, 16 samples of formation water from CBM production wells were collected and enriched for methane production, and the methane content was between 3.1 and 21.4%. The formation water of maximum methane production was used as inoculum source for pilot-scale fermentation. The maximum methane yield of the pilot-scale fermentation with lump anthracite amendment reached 13.66 μmol CH4/mL, suggesting that indigenous microorganisms from formation water degraded coal to produce methane. Illumina high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the bacterial and archaeal communities in the formation water sample differed greatly from the methanogic water enrichment culture. The hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanocalculus dominated the formation water. Acetoclastic methanogens, from the order Methanosarcinales, dominated coal bioconversion. Thus, the biogenic methanogenic pathway ex situ cannot be simply identified according to methanogenic archaea in the original inoculum. Importantly, this study was the first time to successfully simulate methanogenesis in large-capacity fermentors (160 L) with lump anthracite amendment, and the result was also a realistic case for methane generation in pilot-scale ex situ.
Assessment of Efficacy of BLIS-Producing Probiotic K12 for the Prevention of Group A Streptococcus Pharyngitis: a Short Communication
Authors: Di Pierro Francesco
Published: February 2018

The neutral outcome of the recently reported school-based trial of probiotic K12 (The effect of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on group A streptococcus pharyngitis: a pragmatic trial in schools) can be attributed at least partially to several readily identifiable confounding factors. Mainly, the execution and outcome were negatively impacted by (a) the suboptimal efficacy and frequency of K12 administration, (b) the failure both clinically and microbiologically to adequately diagnose and distinguish active group A streptococci (GAS) pharyngitis from harmless GAS carriage, and (c) the exceptionally low occurrence of GAS in this population at the time of the probiotic intervention due to recent high-intensity antibiotic exposure.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor preserves intestinal mucosal barrier function and alters gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Li Chen , Cai Yong‐Yan , Yan Zhi‐Xin
Published: February 2018

The intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) enables the intestine to provide adequate containment of luminal microorganisms and molecules while preserving the ability to absorb nutrients. In this study, we explored the effect of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on IMB function and gut microbiota in mice. BDNF gene knock‐out mice (the BDNF+/−group) and wild‐type mice (the BDNF+/+group) were selected. The gut microbiota of these mice was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) assay. The ultrastructure of the ileum and the colonic epithelium obtained from decapitated mice were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The protein expression of epithelial tight junction proteins, zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) and occludin was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The protein expression of claudin‐1 and claudin‐2 was determined by Western blotting. The DGGE band patterns of gut microbiota in the BDNF+/−group were significantly different from that in the BDNF+/+group, which indicated that the BDNF expression alters the gut microbiota in mice. Compared with the BDNF+/+group, the BDNF+/−group presented no significant difference in the ultrastructure of ileal epithelium; however, a significant difference was observed in the colonic epithelial barrier, manifested by decreased microvilli, widening intercellular space and bacterial invasion. Compared with the BDNF+/+group, the expression of ZO‐1 and occludin in the BDNF+/−group was significantly decreased. The expression of claudin‐1 in the BDNF+/−group was significantly reduced, while the expression of claudin‐2 was elevated. These findings indicate that BDNF preserves IMB function and modulates gut microbiota in mice.
Coercive paternalism and the intelligence continuum
Authors: COFNAS NATHAN
Published: February 2018

Thaler and Sunstein advocate ‘libertarian paternalism’. A libertarian paternalist changes the conditions under which people act so that their cognitive biases lead them to choose what is best for themselves. Although libertarian paternalism manipulates people, Thaler and Sunstein say that it respects their autonomy by preserving the possibility of choice. Conly argues that libertarian paternalism does not go far enough, since there is no compelling reason why we should allow people the opportunity to choose to bring disaster upon themselves if sometimes they will make the wrong decision. She defends ‘coercive paternalism’. The present paper argues that errors in reasoning are not due only to cognitive biases. People also make errors because they have an insufficient level of general intelligence. Intelligence is distributed on a continuum. Those who fall on higher levels of the continuum have greater abilities, in certain contexts, to reason about both their own and others’ interests. Coercive paternalism may sometimes be appropriate to prevent less intelligent people from engaging in self-destructive behavior due to errors of reasoning.