bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of the Shear Wave Speed-Stress Relationship to Soft Tissue Material Properties and Fiber Alignment
Authors: Blank Jonathon , Thelen Darryl , Allen Matthew S. , Roth Joshua
Published: August 2021

The use of shear wave propagation to noninvasively gauge material properties and loading in tendons and ligaments is a growing area of interest in biomechanics. Prior models and experiments suggest that shear wave speed primarily depends on the apparent shear modulus (i.e., shear modulus accounting for contributions from all constituents) at low loads, and then increases with axial stress when axially loaded. However, differences in the magnitudes of shear wave speeds between ligaments and tendons, which have different substructures, suggest that the tissue’s composition and fiber alignment may also affect shear wave propagation. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to (1) characterize changes in the apparent shear modulus induced by variations in constitutive properties and fiber alignment, and (2) determine the sensitivity of the shear wave speed-stress relationship to variations in constitutive properties and fiber alignment. To enable systematic variations of both constitutive properties and fiber alignment, we developed a finite element model that represented an isotropic ground matrix with an embedded fiber distribution. Using this model, we performed dynamic simulations of shear wave propagation at axial strains from 0% to 10%. We characterized the shear wave speed-stress relationship using a simple linear regression between shear wave speed squared and axial stress, which is based on an analytical relationship derived from a tensioned beam model. We found that predicted shear wave speeds were both in-range with shear wave speeds in previous in vivo and ex vivo studies, and strongly correlated with the axial stress (R2 = 0.99). The slope of the squared shear wave speed-axial stress relationship was highly sensitive to changes in tissue density. Both the intercept of this relationship and the apparent shear modulus were sensitive to both the shear modulus of the ground matrix and the stiffness of the fibers’ toe-region when the fibers were less well-aligned to the loading direction. We also determined that the tensioned beam model overpredicted the axial tissue stress with increasing load when the model had less well-aligned fibers. This indicates that the shear wave speed increases likely in response to a load-dependent increase in the apparent shear modulus. Our findings suggest that researchers may need to consider both the material and structural properties (i.e., fiber alignment) of tendon and ligament when measuring shear wave speeds in pathological tissues or tissues with less well-aligned fibers.
Analysis of a Unibody Stub Axle-Hub Design for an ATV
Authors: Ahmad Urooj , Praharaj Subhrat
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to design and model a unibody hub and stub axle Wheel assembly to withstand rough terrain conditions while adhering to design optimization objectives of weight, costs, and manufacturability. For any ground vehicle, its dynamics and control behaviour are majorly governed by the design of its wheel assembly since it experiences all the major loads an ATV faces. We aimed to design and fabricate a unibody hub and stub axle that is lightweight and more durable in comparison to the present form of design in which the hub and stub axle is manufactured and assembled separately. The advantages of this unibody design are lesser components, easy replacement, and easy manufacturing. This report also considers the simulation of this unibody using FEM through Ansys, considering all the loads acting on the unibody. Also, the cost and strength comparison of different materials is done for the selection of the best material. Design is done in such a way to consider all the parameters such as performance, reliability, manufacturability, serviceability, weight, and cost. The model achieves a significant reduction in unsprung mass, improving the dynamic performance of the ATV, without requiring a change in suspension geometry. We also analyze the improvement in vehicle performance in shifting from the classic independent stub through hub design to this integrated unibody design.
Felicia Bisnath - Wh-questions in the Trinidad and Tobago Signing Community
Authors: Bisnath Felicia
Published: August 2021

Signing in Trinidad and Tobago is characterised by variation and multilingualism arising out of deaf education. Two varieties are named for the purposes of this paper: Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language (TTSL) which is an indigenous variety, and Trinidad and Tobago American Sign Language (TTASL) which can be considered a product of contact between TTSL and American Sign Language (TTASL). This paper describes variation in the domain of wh-questions as they are used by three different kinds of consultants: two deaf people who grew up with and without deaf parents and relatives respectively, and a hearing person with deaf parents. Eighteen unique wh-words, one non-manual form and four positions of the wh-word were elicited. These grammatical properties when viewed alongside the backgrounds of the language consultants reveal variation between TTSL and TTASL. Terminological variation in what “TTSL” refers to was also found. This variation is linked to the language background of signers, and shows that the named varieties created by linguists out of convenience do not necessarily reflect the perceptions of all members of a community.
The role of attention control in complex real-world tasks
Authors: Draheim Christopher , Pak Richard , Draheim Amanda , Engle Randall W
Published: August 2021

Working memory capacity is an important psychological construct and many real-world phenomena are strongly associated with individual differences in working memory functioning. Although working memory and attention are intertwined, several studies have recently shown that individual differences in the general ability to control attention is more strongly predictive of human behavior than working memory capacity. In this review, we argue that researchers would therefore generally be better suited to studying the role of attention control rather than memory-based abilities in explaining real-world behavior and performance in humans. The review begins with a discussion of relevant literature on the nature and measurement of both working memory capacity and attention control, including recent developments in the study of individual differences of attention control. We then selectively review existing literature on the role of both working memory and attention in various applied settings and explain, in each case, why a switch in emphasis to attention control is warranted. Topics covered include psychological testing, cognitive training, education, sports, police decision making, human factors, and disorders within clinical psychology. The review concludes with general recommendations and best practices for researchers interested in conducting studies of individual differences in attention control.
Does apolipoprotein E genotype moderate the association between physical activity and brain health? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pearce Andrew Mark , Marr Calum , Dewar Michaela , Gow Alan J.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Possession of one or two e4 alleles of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk. Some evidence suggests that physical activity may benefit carriers of the e4 allele differently.Method: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies which assessed APOE differences in the association between physical activity and: lipid profile, Alzheimer’s disease pathology, brain structure and brain function in healthy adults. Searches were carried out in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and PsycInfo.Results: Thirty studies were included from 4896 papers screened. Carriers of the e4 allele gained the same benefit from physical activity as non-carriers on most outcomes. For brain activation, e4 carriers appeared to gain a greater benefit from physical activity in activation and functional connectivity compared to non-carriers. Post hoc analysis identified possible compensatory mechanisms allowing e4 carriers to maintain cognitive function.Discussion: Though there is evidence suggesting physical activity may benefit e4 carriers differently compared to non-carriers, this may vary by the specific brain health outcome, perhaps limited to brain activation. Further research is required to confirm these findings and elucidate the mechanisms.
GOING OUT NORMALLY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: INSIGHTS ABOUT THE LACK OF ADHESION TO SOCIAL DISTANCING
Authors: Joaquim Rui Mateus , Pinto André Luiz Braule , Guatimosim Rafaela Ferreira , Diaz Alexandre Paim , de Paula Jonas Jardim , Serpa Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira , de Souza Costa Danielle , de Miranda Débora Marques , Silva Antônio Geraldo , Diniz Leandro Fernandes Malloy-
Published: August 2021

The population's adhesion to measures to ensure social distancing represents a great management challenge. Evidence has shown that social distancing is effective. However, it is challenging to separate government measures from social distancing driven by personal initiatives. Theory: It is possible that the output of protective behaviors, such as adherence to protective measures and staying in social isolation, is influenced by individual characteristics, such as personality traits or symptoms of mental distress of anxiogenic nature. We hypothesized that individuals with more expressive symptoms of fear or anxiety would have a more protective behavioral tendency in terms of risk exposure, leaving less home during the pandemic. In contrast, individuals with greater emotional stability, as they feel more secure and with a lower perception of risk, could go out more often.Material and Methods: A total of 2709 individuals from all regions of Brazil participated in the study (mean age = 42 years; 2134 women). Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between personality traits according to the big five model and Psychopathological Symptoms (BSI). Then investigate how people that go out usually differ from people that stay at home, in both symptoms and personality traits. Finally, to investigate the predictors for going out usually, we use multiple regression analysis, using gender, marital status, level of education, and personality traits. Results: During the second wave of COVID-19 in Brazil, individuals with higher emotional stability tended to leave home more than those with more expressive levels of anxiogenic dysregulation. These results reinforce the role of both personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in prophylactic behavior during COVID-19 pandemics.
Grain size analytical and geochemical data of sediments from Ishakare and Alatan streams in Akungba-Akoko, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Earth Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria, Odundun Olumuyiwa A.
Published: August 2021

The identification of anomalous elemental concentrations and the prediction of their dispersal pattern play a key role in geochemical exploration. Stream sediments are important focus in this aspect. Nine (9) sediment samples collected from Ishakare and Alatan Streams in Akungba-Akoko were subjected to grain size and inorganic geochemical analyses in order to determine their grain sizes distribution, travel distances, elemental concentrations and origin. Results of grain size analysis show that streams sediments are mostly medium-grained, poorly-moderately sorted and ranged from fine to strongly coarse skewed suggesting that they have been transported relatively not too far away from their sources under high to low energy. SiO2 is a dominant major oxide with concentration values ranging between 64.81 and 71.59 wt.% with a mean value of 68.07 wt.%. Abundance of Al2O3 indicates that samples are from Aluminum-rich source bed rock. The weights of Fe2O3 and TiO2 also point to gneissic rocks as a probable source. Generally, concentrations of trace elements were found to be low indicating that the contamination statue of the sediments ranges from unpolluted to moderately polluted
Ethnoveterinary practice used for treating ruminant diseases in Ilara-mokin, Ondo State
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria, Bada A. A. , Adewole S. O. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria, Agbowuro G. O. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria
Published: August 2021

The study investigated ethno-veterinary practice being used in treating small ruminants’ diseases in Ilara-mokin area of Ondo State. Structured questionnaires were used in the study area to collect primary data. Twenty-one people were randomly selected from different areas of Ilara-mokin which included Golf community, central market, central health centre, Iloro, petrol station and Baale central and Abbattoir. Different medicinal plants which include Ocimum gratissimum, Crested Cockscomb, Chromolaena odorata, Elaeis guinensis, Momordica charantia, Vernonia amygdalina, Nicotiana tabacum and Zingiber officinale were identified to treat ruminant diseases. The diseases were categorized based on environmental or microbial diseases. Pest identified in the study area was mite that caused mange. Indigenous knowledge was been practiced in the village and there is need for conservation of the specie of ruminant that is going into extinction and medicinal plants used within the town
Feed intake, digestibility and growth performance of Dorper-Menz cross bred sheep fed local brewery by-product (Atella) and concentrate mixture at different levels of combination
Authors:   Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, Kokeb M , Mekonnen Y ,   Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, Tefera M ,   Debre-Birhan Agricultural Research Center, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia
Published: August 2021

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of graded level of local brewery by-product (atella) replacement to concentrate mixture on feed intake; digestibility and bodyweight change of Dorper-Menz crossbred lambs fed hay basal diet. The feeding period of 90 days was preceded by 15 days of acclimatization period. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with five treatments: T1 [control, hay ad libtium], T2 [25% atella + 75% concentrate mix]; T3 [50% atella + 50% concentrate mix]; T4 [75% atella + 25% concentrate mix] and T5 [100% atella]. Body weight changes were monitored fortnightly for 112 days. At the end of experiment, animals were fitted with feces collection bags and daily feces excretion was collected for seven days. Fecal output of each animal was thoroughly mixed and 20% of the voided feces were sampled to make a composite of fecal samples for each animal over the collection period. The fecal samples were stored frozen at -20°C until processing for chemical analysis. Data on feed intake, body weight change, and digestibility were subjected to analysis of variance using the General Linear Model procedure. The protein and energy contents of atella are high enough to increase intake, digestibility and could be categorized as medium protein feed. Atella alone or at different level with commercial concentrate mixture has significantly increased body weight gain of crossbred sheep. The positive weight gain results of atella supplemented group clearly indicate supplementation of dried atella could be recommended for fattening Dorper-Menz crossbred male lamb. Atella may lose some volatile nutrients during drying process and further research is needed to compare wet atella with dried one.
Utility of hsCRP as an add onn to Lipid Profile for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Baranwal J.K. , Maskey R. , Majhi S. , Lamsal M. , Baral N.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is common in Diabetes and is predictive of cardiovascular events. But, myocardial infarction in the setting of normal lipids levels is not uncommon. hsCRP has been studied elaborately and is found to be a stronger predictor of heart attack and stroke than LDL cholesterol. We conducted this study to observe the level of hsCRP in adults with Type 2 Diabetes and its association with lipid parameters.
Methods: It is a cross sectional study including 168 Type 2 Diabetes patients conducted in department of biochemistry and internal medicine at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal for duration of one year. The ethical clearance was taken from the institutional ethical review board and patients were enrolled after taking informed consent. Venous blood was collected and serum lipid profile and hsCRP were measured.
Results: The means±SD for age, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and HDL/LDL ratio of patients were 52.2±11.9 years, 182.9±41.9 mg/dl, 41.6±8 mg/dl, 94.9±20 mg/dl, and 0.47±0.18 respectively. The medians of TG and hsCRP were 152.5 (109, 195) mg/dl and 1.9 (0.9, 2.8) mg/dl respectively. hs-CRP was found to have significant positive correlation with TC (r=0.286), LDL (r=0.652) and TG (r=0.299) and significant negative correlation with HDL (r= -0.614) and HDL/LDL ratio (r= -0.646). Only 33% of patients were categorised as having increased CVS risk according to high LDL levels but altogether 75% of patients had increased CVS risk according to hsCRP levels.
Conclusion: hsCRP can be considered as an add on to lipid profile while predicting CVS complications in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in our population.
Adequacy of Thyroid Homone Replacement in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal-An Observational Study
Authors: Shrestha H.K. , Tamrakar R. , Shrestha A. , Uprety M. , Shrestha B.
Published: August 2021

Background: The therapeutic goal in hypothyroidism is to achieve patients’ well-being and restore serum thyrotropin (TSH) to levels within the reference range. However, inadequate or over replacement is common in patients receiving levothyroxine. The Objective is to assess the treatment outcome of hypothyroid patients visiting outpatient clinic of medicine department of Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
Method: This is a cross sectional study on diagnosed Primary Hypothyroid patients who were taking levothyroxine replacement for at least six months. Patients were defined as euthyoid if their TSH was in the normal range (0.3-3.6 mmol/L) according to the hospital laboratory. Similarly patients were defined as over treated if TSH is <0.3 mmol/L and undertreated if TSH is >3.6 mmol/L.
Results: A total number of 126 patients were enrolled for this study where mean age of participants was 40.88 ± 11.47 years and only 15 (11.1%) were male. Mean duration of hypothyroidism was 3.45 ± 2.57 years and mean Levothyroxine dose was 58.93 ± 26.89 mcg. In this study, nearly 70% of participants have normal TSH level. Similarly, 21% of participants have higher level of TSH and 9% have low TSH level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis did not show any significant co relation between treatment outcome and various variables.
Conclusion: Treatment of hypothyroidism with levothyroxine being most effective, easily available, simple regimen and not costly, still one third of patients are not meeting the treatment outcome. However, being the pioneer study from Nepal, this study suggests improved treatment outcomes compared to similar studies from other countries.
Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency In Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus On Metformin
Authors: Malla D. , Bajracharya M.R. , Karki B.B. , Rajouria A.D. , Shrestha P.S.
Published: August 2021

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most encountered disease in our out patient department and metformin is the first drug of choice to treat Diabetes mellitus. As metformin is one of the cheapest drug, many patients use these drug for long period of time with consultation and without consultations with doctors. Patients under long term metformin use are not aware of Vitamin B12 deficiency and its associated signs and symptoms. In Nepal due to poverty, lack of education and awareness on diabetes mellitus we doctors find much difficult to explain patients on the consequences of diseases. So I decided to do this study which could be much easier to explain patients on effect of metformin of vitamin B12 levels and the consequences life style modifications and supplement of Vitamin B12 to the patients.

Methods: This is a Cross-Sectional Study done in the patients with Type 2 diabetes were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Basic biochemical investigation were sent the lab of the National academy of medical science. Serum B12 assay were done. Vitamin B12 deficiency is defined as values <150pg/ml. Association between vitamin B12 deficiency with duration of metformin therapy, duration of diabetes, with age, sex were done.

Results: The mean vitamin B12 level is low as the duration of metformin treatment increases. The sex, age relation with development of vitamin B12 deficiency was not significant. In my study out of 210 patients 107 patients were having severe vitamin B12 deficiency level and 63 patients had a borderline Vitamin B12 deficiency level which shows that the deficiency increases as per longer use of metformin, which shows prevalence of 50.95%.

Conclusions: Vitamin B12 deficiency occurs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with long term metformin. The duration of metformin therapy significantly affects the development of vitamin B12 deficiency. As a treating physician we always need to explain our patients about the side effect of metformin and regular follow up and investigations must be done to early diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency to improve the quality of life.
Mental health of Canadian Veterans of the Reserve Force
Authors: Reyes-Vélez Julián , Sweet Jill , MacLean MaryBeth , Poirier Alain , VanTil Linda D.
Published: August 2021

LAY SUMMARY

The objective of this research was to explore the association between demographic and service characteristics and mental health in Canadian Veterans of the Reserve Force. The Reserve Force Class C model showed that marital status, age, chronic pain, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and type of release were associated with mental health. The Reserve Force Class A/B model showed that age, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and type of release were associated with mental health. These results showed that similar factors were associated with the mental health score, with different degrees of association by reserve class. These results will help to better describe Reserve Force Veterans that may require mental health assistance.
Work-family conflict and subsequent depressive symptoms among war-exposed post-9/11 U.S. military Veterans
Authors: Borowski Shelby , Smith Brian N. , McClendon Juliette , Vogt Dawne
Published: August 2021

LAY SUMMARY

Veterans may struggle with the conflicts that arise from juggling competing work and family demands after they leave military service. Over time, these feelings of conflict can have a negative impact on their mental health. The current study sought to explore the impact of conflict between work and family roles on war-zone-deployed U.S. Veterans’ depressive symptoms 1.5 years later. Men and women were examined separately. Results showed that when family responsibilities interfered with work responsibilities both men and women had higher levels of depressive symptoms 1.5 years later. However, when work responsibilities interfered with family responsibilities, only men reported higher levels of depressive symptoms 1.5 years later. The current findings support the importance of programs that can help both female and male Veterans readjust to changing life roles when they leave military service. Both types of conflict are modifiable, and these findings suggest the importance of workplace and Veterans Affairs programs that can help military Veterans manage changing responsibilities and demands upon reintegration.
Women Veterans: Examining identity through an intersectional lens
Authors: Dallocchio Michelle
Published: August 2021

LAY SUMMARY

As the United States’ ethnic and racial demographics continue to reflect a nation of diversity, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) must also be mindful of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Currently, the DoD appears to be highlighting not only the ethical but also the strategic importance of diversity initiatives, but it must also strive to put theory into action to adequately lead and for Veterans to get proper medical and mental health care. Women, ethnic minorities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning individuals continue to enlist and face struggles to obtain adequate health care. Thus, this article discusses the need for intersectionality theory and critical race theory to be incorporated into ongoing discussions related to U.S. military and Veteran care. Although diverse backgrounds and experiences offer DoD the added benefit of diverse skill sets and innovation, it must also examine its own fighting force with a diverse lens, and in turn, the Department of Veterans Affairs should follow suit.
Exploring the Mindset of Veterinary Educators for Intelligence, Clinical Reasoning, Compassion, and Morality
Authors: Guttin Talia , Penny Light Tracy , Baillie Sarah
Published: August 2021

Mindset theory describes whether an individual believes their intelligence can be honed and improved with effort or whether it is inherent and fixed. These two different perceptions are called growth and fixed mindsets, respectively. Previous research has shown that students with growth mindsets embrace challenges, strive for mastery, have better psychological well-being, and are more resilient than students with fixed mindsets. Mindset is contagious, and teachers’ mindsets can influence students’ mindsets, motivation, and feedback-seeking behaviors. This is the first study of the veterinary educator mindset. Previous research has shown that mindset can vary by subject or personal attributes, called domains. This study investigated mindset in four domains: intelligence, clinical reasoning, compassion, and morality. A survey was developed by combining two previously published mindset scales and was distributed electronically to the veterinary teaching faculty at St. George’s University, Grenada. The survey participants ( n = 38, response rate 56%) showed predominantly growth mindsets, with some variation by domain: for intelligence, 84.2% growth, 5.3% intermediate, 10.5% fixed mindset; for clinical reasoning, 92.1% growth, 5.3% intermediate, 2.6% fixed mindset; for compassion, 63.2% growth, 2.6% intermediate, 34.2% fixed; and for morality, 60.5% growth, 13.2% intermediate, and 26.3% fixed mindset. Fifteen participants (39.5%) had fixed mindsets in one or more domains. Twenty participants (52.6%) had growth mindsets in all four domains. There were no associations found between demographic variables and mindset. This study found that most of the veterinary teaching faculty at this university had growth mindsets in all domains investigated.
DİĞER KAPSAMLI GELİRLER VE KÂRIN KAYNAKLARININ İŞLETME PERFORMANS ANALİZİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: KAVAL Hasan
Published: August 2021

Diğer kapsamlı gelir tablosunun dünyada kullanılmaya başlanmasından 24 yıl, ülkemizde kullanılmaya başlamasından itibaren de 11 yıl geçmiştir. Buna rağmen, finansal tablo paydaşları tarafından bu tablonun değerinin takdir edildiğine dair yeterli göstergelere rastlanılmamaktadır. Diğer taraftan, ülkemiz uygulamasına da kaynaklık eden IASB tarafından yeniden hazırlanan kâr zarar tablosunda da yenileme çalışmalarının görüş bildirme süresi bitmiş bulunmaktadır. “Kâr veya Zarar ve Diğer Kapsamlı Gelir Tablosu” işletmenin performansını ölçmek ve geleceği hakkında tahminde bulunmak amacıyla, işletme ile paydaşları arasında en yoğun kullanılan iletişim aracıdır. Bu nedenle, diğer kapsamlı gelir tablosunun nitel ve nicel özellikleri ile bunun yeni hazırlanan dönem kâr zarar tablosunun kârın kaynaklarının belirlenmesi aşamasında nasıl kullanılacağına bir başlangıç olması dileğiyle bu literatür çalışması yapılmıştır. Diğer kapsamlı gelir tablosunun her bir kaleminin nasıl muhasebeleştirileceği ve raporlanacağı konusuna ilişkin yeterli çalışma olduğu için bu çalışma içinde bu konuya girilmeyecektir. Bu kapsamda bu tablonun adına ilişkin olarak yapılan tartışmaların özüne katıldığımızı belirtmekle birlikte, tekrar edilmeyerek yapılan çalışmalara atıf yapılmakla yetinilecektir.
On semiaquatic bugs from Hokkaido, Japan (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha)
Authors: Vinokurov N.N.
Published: August 2021

The paper contains data on 9 species of Mesoveliidae, Veliidae, and Gerridae from Hokkaido. Mesovelia thermalis Horv. is recorded from Hokkaido for the first time.
Some new synonymies in the genus Aelia (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Derzhansky V.V. , Pluot-Sigwalt D.
Published: August 2021

The following new synonymies are established: Aelia acuminata (Linnaeus, 1758) = Ae. baluchistanensis Ahmad & Zaidi, 1988; Aelia klugii Hahn, 1833 = Ae. bifida Hsiao & Cheng, 1977 = Ae. chinensis Rider & Rolston, 1995.
LIFE MANAGEMENT OF CONTRACTOR’S SITE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
Authors:   Department of Quantity Surveying, University of Vocational Technology, Sri Lanka, DARSHANI CHARIKA , RIDMIKA K.I. ,   Department of Quantity Surveying, University of Vocational Technology, Sri Lanka, PERERA B.A.K.S. ,   University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
Published: August 2021

Life management controls the quality of one’s work while ensuring one’s quality of life with minimum conflicts. The contractor’s site quantity surveyor (QS), who has to shoulder many responsibilities on-site amongst time constraints, can most probably experience a life imbalance. Because the personal responsibilities of female and male site QSs differ, the aim of this study was to identify the strategies that will enhance the life management of contractor’s site quantity surveyors. The qualitative approach was adopted in the study, and the required empirical data were collected by interviewing 20 females and 20 males contractor’s site QSs. The interview findings were analysed using manual content analysis. Thirty-one and twenty-eight causes of life imbalance in male and female QSs respectively were identified. In addition, 50 and 48 strategies that will facilitate satisfactory life management in male and female QSs, respectively were identified. Some of the identified causes and strategies were common to both male and females QSs.
SUFFICIENCY OF THE POLICIES RELATED TO CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN SRI LANKA
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, JAYATUNGE D.A.S.R. , MENDIS A.P.K.D ,   University of Moratuwa, DISARATNA VIJITHA ,   University of Moratuwa
Published: August 2021

Public policy on construction will reflect the economic, political, social, and cultural status of Sri Lanka. The construction industry in Sri Lanka has faced many issues in the recent past because of unsuccessful government policies. Therefore, an effective national policy for the construction industry has become necessary. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the existing construction policies. The empirical data required were collected by interviewing ten experts, who were selected using snowball sampling. The collected data were manually analysed using content analysis. The findings revealed that the National Policy on Construction (NPC), formulated by the National Advisory Council on Construction, which was set up under the Construction Industry Development Act No. 33 of 2014, is the only construction policy that has been formulated in Sri Lanka so far. NPC contains eighteen (18) policies applied for both the public and private sectors. Although according to the literature, policies in Sri Lanka change along with the change of governments, the study revealed that NPC, which has remained unchanged since its formulation in 2014, is still applicable in the country.
UNDERLYING REASONS BEHIND THE SUSTENANCE OF RAGGING IN SRI LANKAN UNIVERSITIES: Findings from a state university in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, HETTIARACHCHI A. A
Published: August 2021

Ragging is a deep-seated long-lasting social practice found in the state university system of Sri Lanka. Considering the negative, damaging impacts on physical, psychological, social, cognitive and behavioural aspects of undergraduates, it has been identified as a punishable offence under the Prohibition of Ragging and other forms of violence in educational institutions Act, No. 20 of 1998. Despite the array of harmful effects, ragging has evolved during the past five decades and sustained thus far amidst severe punishments imposed. The objective of the current study was to identify the underlying deep-rooted reasons behind sustenance of ragging in state universities with reference to a selected university (UOX) in Colombo, Sri Lanka. In-depth interviews were conducted with a heterogeneous sample (n=20) of volunteers. The study exposed an interconnected feeding system comprised of a minority of significant personnel among freshers, seniors, student unions, staff, administration, industry and political parties who play a decisive role in justifying the need and thereby support the sustenance of ragging. These findings may enable university authorities to find creative and innovative solutions to combat this menace to create a conducive academic environment for the future student community of State Universities in Sri Lanka.
COMMERCIAL EVOLUTION OF WATERFRONT: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF LAND USE PATTERN & TREND OF COMMERCIAL CENTERS IN KHULNA RESPECTING BAROBAZAR, KHULNA
Authors:   Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh, SAMI MUHAMMAD GOLAM , SIKDER SHAUNI PRIYAM ,   Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh
Published: August 2021

Although Khulna's actual history is not about more than 200 years, but it has a 2000 years settlement and commercial history. Khulna was a part of Ganaridai, Vanga, Jessore dynasty, Rarh (South Bengal) in different periods. The connection of rivers always made a blessing for Khulna for water transportation to accelerate trade and commerce. According to Ptolemy, the ancient Gangaridai had an ancient port located in greater Jessore [1,557]. Some archaic incidents, verses, and legends of Mani-Rishis (Ancient Indian Scholars) proved the old settlement and commercial style. The chronological evolution of the ancient Period (6th century BC – 1757 AD) described a civilization's development with the incremental commercial approach [2,315]. The colonial regime can relate to the evolution of a commercial and economic center like Barobazar as a whole. All these chronological narrations, consecutive phenomena, and influential factors will depict the trend of retail evolution. The research aims to describe Khulna's commercial development's sequential affairs and find the missing links between eras. Various ancient documents, Blueprints, Greek Periplus, etc. will describe the settlement, commercial mode, and history. It will determine the answer to the questions about the growth and establishment of river port cities and major economic centers' evolution. The paper will describe commercial –spatial progression in 4 Particular eras. GIS surveys and some old maps will illustrate the commercial land-use patterns of Barobazar from the Colonial Period to the present and the river base trade. These will elaborate on the existing conditions as well as the revolutionary changes. The fundamental research will help for the further Urban regeneration of Barobazar as a central economic hub. The historical consequences will help to sort out the development pattern and strategies behind the progression.
IMPACT OF COMPETITIVE FORCES TO THE CONTRACTORS IN SRI LANKA: AN INDUSTRY ANALYSIS USING PORTER’S FIVE FORCES
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, INDRARATHNE P.K.G. , RANADEWA K.A.T.O. ,   University of Moratuwa, SHANIKA V.G. ,   University of Moratuwa
Published: August 2021

The nature of the business environment is very complex in the construction industry. Huge capital investment, supply chain management, resource scarcity and uncertainty create a multifaceted background along with impressive external environmental impacts. Thus, contracting organizations are highly influenced by the competitive nature of the construction industry. Hence identifying the impact of competitive forces to the contractors in Sri Lanka is identified as vital. Besides, Porter’s five competitive forces model is grounded to interpret the competition through external environment and it denotes that there are five forces which can affect to the competition of an industry; new entrants, suppliers, buyers, substitutes and the existing competitors. Thus, the research leads to examine the impact of competitive forces to the contractors in Sri Lanka using a comprehensive Porter’s Five Forces analysis. The research employs a quantitative approach consisting of preliminary survey of experts and questionnaire survey with the participation of construction experts in Sri Lanka. In order to analyse the collected data, statistical tools such as RII method and measurements of central tendency were employed. The results of the analysis elicited 28 significant factors that determine the power of the five competitive forces on local contractors. Accordingly, the final outlined Porter’s five forces analysis matrix enables the contractors to analyse the impact of each competitive force through identified determinant factors which would provide a proper guidance on determining necessary offensive or defensive strategies to be taken to survive in the market.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SCL PROTOCOL TO ENSURE THE CONSTRUCTION SUSTAINABILITY DURING THE EXECUTION STAGE
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, MAYOORASAKITHIAN T. , ABEYNAYAKE M.D.T.E. ,   University of Moratuwa, LIYANAGE K.L.A.K.T. ,   University of Moratuwa
Published: August 2021

In the Sri Lankan construction industry, the wrong industry practices and undefined areas about delay and disruption in the contract causes the disputes. Significantly, the disputes cause controversial issues in the quality of the working relationship. Accordingly, the negative impact on the working relationship affects construction sustainability during the execution stage. Here, the implementation of the SCL protocol for the claim management would overcome the above mentioned problem. The aim of the research was designed with modifying the SCL protocol to best suit the Sri Lankan claims management and hence to improve quality of working relationship. Thus, the expert interviews from five experts set out the feasibility and practicability of the SCL protocol in Sri Lanka. Here, the experts having more than 10 years of experience in claims management were selected through snowball sampling and the collected data was analysed through code based content analysis using NVivo. Finally, the suggestions for the modification of the core principles in SCL protocol to match with the current Sri Lankan practices and the practical difficulties to implement the SCL protocol were determined. Ultimately, the modification and implementation of the SCL protocol together would enhance the construction sustainability during the execution stage.
EXPLORING CHALLENGES AND DRIVERS OF FACILITIES MANAGEMENT OUTSOURCING IN SRI LANKA
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, FAYASA A.F. , DE SILVA NAYANTHARA ,   University of Moratuwa, KUMARASWAMY MOHAN ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, H.K. LAI JOSEPH ,   4Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Published: August 2021

There has been a growing trend of organisations adopting a sourcing strategy that increases their competitive advantages through improving the performance of their facilities management (FM) services. Facilities Management Outsourcing (FMO) is a management strategy whereby FM services are contracted to one or more external providers with the aim of improving organisational efficiency and effectiveness. However, this kind of contract procurement is yet to acquire its full potential in Sri Lanka and thus, it is vital to unfold its current status and make suggestions for enhancement. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the existing FMO challenges, drivers and the strategies to overcome those challenges in Sri Lanka. Initially, a literature review was made on FM services sourcing strategies, challenges and drivers of FMO. Then a qualitative approach was taken to carry out semi-structured interviews with six FM experts in the industry. The data captured was structured and analysed by using a manual content analysis method. Fourteen challenges and eleven drivers were revealed as significant to FMO. The results of this research, which contribute to the understanding on FMO, serve as a cornerstone upon which further studies can be pursued in the context of FM in Sri Lanka and countries in a similar state of FM development.
APPLICABILITY OF RECYCLED PLASTIC FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN SRI LANKA
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, DINUSHKA D.K.S. , WAIDYASEKARA K.G.A.S. ,   University of Moratuwa, DEWAGODA K.G. ,   University of Moratuwa
Published: August 2021

Even though Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) is being emerged as an alternative for conventional asphalt in the global context, the use of recycled plastics to produce PMB is still an unorthodox concept in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the study aimed at evaluating the applicability of recycled plastic as a construction material in road construction in Sri Lanka. The study apprehended a qualitative approach comprising a literature review, followed by twelve expert interviews. The data were analysed using manual content analysis. The economic, environmental, and social benefits and enablers along with social, technology-related, knowledge-related, economic, and resource-related barriers in implementing PMB in Sri Lanka were identified. Additionally, strategies to overcome such barriers were suggested. The study further recommends the use of recycled polymers over virgin polymers; increasing the awareness level in the industry; extending the government involvement; and establishing a standard specification.
ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL DATA TO DETERMINE EARLY SRI LANKAN PRINT TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, GUNAWARDHANA SUPUN , SAMARAWICKRAMA SUMANTHRI ,   University of Moratuwa
Published: August 2021

This research discusses the importance of historical research as it serves to determine ideas and helps to group historical facts into explanatory scientific systems. Thus, by systematically documenting this knowledge contributes to develop and improve the theory and practice of education. Since design education in Sri Lankan is nearly two decades old, subject areas such as Graphic design lacks the needed literature on early Sri Lankan graphic practices that determine and contribute towards clarifying current and future trends built on historical research. The historical data that contributes to these subject areas are found at archival locations, and the preservation process in such locations limits us from the opportunity to observe historical data (primary data); that is required to establish new knowledge; in this case graphic design. Thus, this research aims towards documenting historical data towards building new knowledge. To achieve this, the historical data: specific to early book cover prints are compared with a literature survey on early printing technologies and on how they are identified. For this, the primary data (early book covers) from archival locations, were documented and visually observed with the use of a linen-prover magnifying glass with x4 enlarging capacity. The findings were compared with literature on different print technologies used during this era with the knowledge on how to identify them. The findings were compiled into stimuli for the analysis purpose. And finally, the gathered data was chronologically compiled as new knowledge. In conclusion, we were able to determine the technology used in early prints, more specific to print technology used during the early book publishing and printing industry of Sri Lanka. Since the data is chronologically (1870-1920) compiled we were able to identify patterns that help build new knowledge into other subject areas. It opens up discussion on historical trends in book cover designs, parameters of each technology used in Sri Lanka that influence book layout, its typography and letter composition for further research.
Rigid versus flexible neuroendoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic third ventriculostomy for the management of pediatric hydrocephalus
Authors: Li Daphne , Ravindra Vijay M. , Lam Sandi K.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), with or without choroid plexus cauterization (±CPC), is a technique used for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus. Rigid or flexible neuroendoscopy can be used, but few studies directly compare the two techniques. Here, the authors sought to compare these methods in treating pediatric hydrocephalus.

METHODS

A systematic MEDLINE search was conducted using combinations of keywords: “flexible,” “rigid,” “endoscope/endoscopic,” “ETV,” and “hydrocephalus.” Inclusion criteria were as follows: English-language studies with patients 2 years of age and younger who had undergone ETV±CPC using rigid or flexible endoscopy for hydrocephalus. The primary outcome was ETV success (i.e., without the need for further CSF diversion procedures). Secondary outcomes included ETV-related and other complications. Statistical significance was determined via independent t-tests and Mood’s median tests.

RESULTS

Forty-eight articles met the study inclusion criteria: 37 involving rigid endoscopy, 10 involving flexible endoscopy, and 1 propensity scored–matched comparison. A cumulative 560 patients had undergone 578 rigid ETV±CPC, and 661 patients had undergone 672 flexible ETV±CPC. The flexible endoscopy cohort had a significantly lower average age at the time of the procedure (0.33 vs 0.53 years, p = 0.001) and a lower preoperatively predicted ETV success score (median 40, IQR 32.5–57.5 vs 62.5, IQR 50–70; p = 0.033). Average ETV success rates in the rigid versus flexible groups were 54.98% and 59.65% (p = 0.63), respectively. ETV-related complication rates did not differ significantly at 0.63% for flexible endoscopy and 3.46% for rigid endoscopy (p = 0.30). There was no significant difference in ETV success or complication rate in comparing ETV, ETV+CPC, and ETV with other concurrent procedures.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the lower expected ETV success scores for patients treated with flexible endoscopy, the authors found similar ETV success and complication rates for ETV±CPC with flexible versus rigid endoscopy, as reported in the literature. Further direct comparison between the techniques is necessary.
Pituitary Apoplexy Complicated by Cerebral Infarction: A Case Report
Authors: Pokhrel Biraj , Khanal Shambhu , Chapagain Parikshit , Sedain Gopal
Published: August 2021

Cerebral infarction is a rare complication of pituitary apoplexy, which can result in significant morbidity if not treated on time. Pituitary apoplexy mostly occurs in pre-existing adenoma, which can remain undiagnosed until symptoms arise. Here, we present a case of a 26-year-old man with undiagnosed acromegaly who presented with left retro-orbital pain, diminished vision of the left eye, and right hemiparesis. Neuroimaging revealed large hemorrhagic sellar mass and ischemic infarction in the left middle cerebral artery territory. Emergency transcranial tumor excision was done, which resulted in significant neurological recovery.