bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Business Performance of Seaport Enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Kim Lien , Le Hoang Nga , Ha Bach Dang , Nguyen Quoc Ngu , Pham Van Phi , Dinh Van Dan
Published: October 2024

International economic trade plays a crucial role in global merchandise supply chains; as such, the development of industries is critical to enhance the expansion and growth of marine transportation services. In Vietnam, commercial activities are rapidly expanding, and there is a strong foundation for developing seaport enterprises. This research aims to evaluate and rank the business performance of seaport enterprises in Vietnam by analyzing the ratio of various variables in the financial statements from 2019 to 2023 via an integration of the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) and Combined Compromise Solution (COCOSO) methods. First, the weight of each variable will be determined by the CRITIC method. Second, the efficiency and rank of each alternative will be identified by the COCOSO method. These empirical results revealed the business performance and position of each seaport enterprise based on the efficiency scores, providing valuable insights into their financial operations. Additionally, the findings described a comprehensive overview of maritime transport and recommended actionable solutions to improve the business performance of seaport enterprises in the future.
Research on the Effect of the Healthy Cities Pilot Policy on the Labor Supply Time of Middle-Aged and Elderly Workers in China
Authors: Zhao Lingdi , Lu Minghui , Wang Haixia
Published: October 2024

Against the backdrop of Healthy China and an aging population, there is an urgent need to explore the effect of the Healthy Cities Pilot Policy (HCPP) on residents’ labor supply. This study integrates the HCPP, residents’ health, and labor supply time into a unified analytical framework. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) spanning the period 2011–2020 and leveraging the quasi-natural experiment provided by China’s 2016 HCPP, we empirically investigate its effects on labor supply time among middle-aged and elderly workers. Our findings indicate: (1) HCPP increases average weekly working hours by 2.834 h in pilot cities. (2) HCPP significantly enhances residents’ health status in pilot cities, extending their healthy time. (3) Middle-aged and elderly workers allocate more of their extended healthy time to labor rather than leisure, potentially influenced by traditional Chinese perceptions of “ceaseless toil”. (4) The impact of HCPP on labor supply time exhibits group heterogeneity, with stronger promotion effects observed among vulnerable middle-aged and elderly groups characterized by older age, rural household registration, lower educational attainment, and lower income levels. This research offers insights for policymakers aiming to optimize health policies and promote sustainable development within Chinese society.
PVD Coatings for Lightweight Bipolar Plates
Authors: Navabpour Parnia , Cooper Liam , Yang Shicai , Yin Jinlong , Zhang Kun , El-Kharouf Ahmad , Sun Hailin
Published: October 2024

Bipolar plates are one of the main components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Their functions include distributing reactants, supporting the cell, and conducting heat and electricity. They account for a significant proportion of the fuel cell stack’s weight and volume. The main materials currently used for bipolar plates are graphite and stainless steel. Aluminium has a much lower density than steel and is easier to form than both steel and graphite. Its use, therefore, would allow fuel cells with higher power densities but is hindered due to it being prone to corrosion. This work focused on the development of corrosion-resistant and conductive coatings to address this issue. Carbon coatings with Ti and Cr adhesion layers were deposited on aluminium substrates using closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering. These coatings were tested for corrosion properties and performance on the cathode side of a single-cell fuel cell. Coated aluminium samples were also tested for their ability to maintain their corrosion protection after being formed. Coating with a Cr adhesion layer outperformed that with a Ti adhesion layer in both forming and fuel cell tests, demonstrating much lower performance degradation after accelerated stress testing.
Security with Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Grids: A Review
Authors: Yilmaz Selcuk , Dener Murat
Published: October 2024

Smart Grids are an area where next-generation technologies, applications, architectures, and approaches are utilized. These grids involve equipping and managing electrical systems with information and communication technologies. Equipping and managing electrical systems with information and communication technologies, developing data-driven solutions, and integrating them with Internet of Things (IoT) applications are among the significant applications of Smart Grids. As dynamic systems, Smart Grids embody symmetrical principles in their utilization of next-generation technologies and approaches. The symmetrical integration of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and energy harvesting techniques not only enhances the resilience and reliability of Smart Grids but also ensures a balanced and harmonized energy management system. WSNs carry the potential to enhance various aspects of Smart Grids by offering energy efficiency, reliability, and cost-effective solutions. These networks find applications in various domains including power generation, distribution, monitoring, control management, measurement, demand response, pricing, fault detection, and power automation. Smart Grids hold a position among critical infrastructures, and without ensuring their cybersecurity, they can result in national security vulnerabilities, disruption of public order, loss of life, or significant economic damage. Therefore, developing security approaches against cyberattacks in Smart Grids is of paramount importance. This study examines the literature on “Cybersecurity with WSN in Smart Grids,” presenting a systematic review of applications, challenges, and standards. Our goal is to demonstrate how we can enhance cybersecurity in Smart Grids with research collected from various sources. In line with this goal, recommendations for future research in this field are provided, taking into account symmetrical principles.
Progress on Single-Feed Quality Wideband Linear Wire Array
Authors: Chi Lidong , Xie Lingxiao , Weng Zibin , Qi Yihong
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the latest developments regarding the single-feed Quality Wideband Linear (QWL) wire array antenna, known for its broadband and high-gain electromagnetic characteristics and robust design. A systematic review of recent advances in relation to the QWL antenna is provided, covering its driven element, director, reflector, low common-mode current interference connector, and array series-feed configuration. For the first time, an analytical expression and a quick design formula for the input impedance of the QWL antenna’s driven element, the linear Wideband High-gain Electromagnetic Structure (WHEMS) antenna, are presented. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the potential for broadband performance using the WHEMS antenna. The rugged design of the QWL array antenna offers engineering advantages such as simple feeding, low wind resistance, a lightweight construction, low cost, and structural robustness. The QWL antenna has already found applications in various industrial sectors, with potential for broader use in the future, contributing to further advancements in antenna technology.
Enhancing TCP Airtime Fairness through Precise Computation for Upload and Download Flows in WiFi Networks
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Yan Jinyao
Published: October 2024

Airtime fairness has emerged as a key approach to enhancing wireless throughput performance. However, existing research often overlooks the precise calculation of airtime, particularly in relation to TCP acknowledgments. This paper introduces a novel method, implemented on the access point side, for accurately calculating the airtime of TCP and UDP flows. Building on this, we propose a QoS-based scheduling algorithm designed to improve fairness between upload and download traffic. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated through experiments that accurately measure both throughput and airtime for upload and download traffic.
Continuous Treatment with IncobotulinumtoxinA Despite Presence of BoNT/A Neutralizing Antibodies: Immunological Hypothesis and a Case Report
Authors: Martin Michael Uwe , Tay Clifton Ming , Siew Tuck Wah
Published: October 2024

Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is a bacterial protein that has proven to be a valuable pharmaceutical in therapeutic indications and aesthetic medicine. One major concern is the formation of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to the core BoNT/A protein. These can interfere with the therapy, resulting in partial or complete antibody (Ab)-mediated secondary non-response (SNR) or immunoresistance. If titers of nAbs reach a level high enough that all injected BoNT/A molecules are neutralized, immunoresistance occurs. Studies have shown that continuation of treatment of neurology patients who had developed Ab-mediated partial SNR against complexing protein-containing (CPC-) BoNT/A was in some cases successful if patients were switched to complexing protein-free (CPF-) incobotulinumtoxinA (INCO). This seems to contradict the layperson’s basic immunological understanding that repeated injection with the same antigen BoNT/A should lead to an increase in antigen-specific antibody titers. As such, we strive to explain how immunological memory works in general, and based on this, we propose a working hypothesis for this paradoxical phenomenon observed in some, but not all, neurology patients with immunoresistance. A critical factor is the presence of potentially immune-stimulatory components in CPC-BoNT/A products that can act as immunologic adjuvants and activate not only naïve, but also memory B lymphocyte responses. Furthermore, we propose that continuous injection of a BoN/TA formulation with low immunogenicity, e.g., INCO, may be a viable option for aesthetic patients with existing nAbs. These concepts are supported by a real-world case example of a patient with immunoresistance whose nAb levels declined with corresponding resumption of clinical response despite regular INCO injections.
Streamflow Prediction with Time-Lag-Informed Random Forest and Its Performance Compared to SWAT in Diverse Catchments
Authors: Moges Desalew Meseret , Virro Holger , Kmoch Alexander , Cibin Raj , Rohith Rohith A. N. , Martínez-Salvador Alberto , Conesa-García Carmelo , Uuemaa Evelyn
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a time-lag-informed Random Forest (RF) framework for streamflow time-series prediction across diverse catchments and compares its results against SWAT predictions. We found strong evidence of RF’s better performance by adding historical flows and time-lags for meteorological values over using only actual meteorological values. On a daily scale, RF demonstrated robust performance (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency [NSE] > 0.5), whereas SWAT generally yielded unsatisfactory results (NSE < 0.5) and tended to overestimate daily streamflow by up to 27% (PBIAS). However, SWAT provided better monthly predictions, particularly in catchments with irregular flow patterns. Although both models faced challenges in predicting peak flows in snow-influenced catchments, RF outperformed SWAT in an arid catchment. RF also exhibited a notable advantage over SWAT in terms of computational efficiency. Overall, RF is a good choice for daily predictions with limited data, whereas SWAT is preferable for monthly predictions and understanding hydrological processes in depth.
Experimental Study on the Impact of Sorption-Desorption on Nitrate Isotopes
Authors: Zhao Yajing , Li Zhenbin , Zan Chaoyao , Li Yiman , Zhang Yan , Huang Tianming
Published: October 2024

Nitrate pollution is a global environmental problem, and mean nitrate levels have risen by an estimated 36% in global waterways since 1990. Tracing nitrate sources is important for water quality management, and nitrate isotopes (δ15N-NO3− and δ18O-NO3−) are commonly used for this purpose because of the different isotopic compositions of different sources. However, the impact of nitrate sorption on matrix and desorption from matrix on N and O isotopic composition of nitrate in liquid phase has not been well clarified. To explore the mechanism for the changes in nitrate concentration and isotopes in liquid phase during sorption and desorption, this study took a shale sample (enriched in clay minerals and commonly exposed in the Earth), conducted a series of laboratory experiments for nitrate sorption and desorption, and studied the impact of sorption and desorption on nitrate N and O isotopic composition in liquid phase. The results showed that the shale sample exhibited a rapid sorption and desorption rate for nitrate in the surface water samples, with the nitrate concentration in the solution decreasing from 14.3 mg/L to 4.1 mg/L within 5 min. The sorption data fit the Langmuir model better than that of the Freundlich model. The maximum possible sorption (Qmax) for the shale sample was estimated to be 46 μg/g. Preliminary laboratory experiments showed that changes in δ15N-NO3− values were not obvious, and changes in δ18O-NO3− values in liquid phase were minor during sorption and desorption of the shale sample, suggesting that nitrogen isotopic fractionation can be neglected, and the sorption of nitrate by the shale sample has a very limited impact on the distribution of nitrate isotopes in liquid phase. However, the impact of nitrate desorption on the nitrate isotopes in liquid phase depends on the isotopic composition of exchangeable nitrate in the solid phase, which may be related to antecedent water–rock interactions. This study provides important information for elucidating the evolution mechanism of nitrate and its isotopic compositions following sorption-desorption, and is conducive to revealing the nitrogen cycle law in the environment.
The Isotopic Composition of Selected Phosphate Sources (δ18O-PO4) from the Area of the Vistula and Bug Interfluve (Poland)
Authors: Gebus-Czupyt Beata , Chmiel Stanisław , Kończak Magdalena , Huber Miłosz , Stienss Jacek , Radzikowska Magdalena , Stępniewski Krzysztof , Pliżga Mariusz , Zielińska Beata
Published: October 2024

Phosphorus belongs to the crucial bioelements that cause eutrophication, and phosphates, easily assimilated by organisms, are widespread in the environment. Phosphates can be of natural or anthropogenic origin and can derive from various point or non-point sources. Knowledge about the origin of nutrients is necessary to effectively manage, protect, and revitalize water resources. To recognize various phosphate sources in the study area of our research, i.e., the Vistula and Bug interfluve (SE Poland), we used the oxygen isotopic signature of phosphate ions (δ18O-PO4), which has been successfully used in recent decades as a tracer of phosphorus cycling in water studies. We measured the δ18O-PO4 of dissolved inorganic phosphates (DIPs) extracted from various phosphate sources. The obtained results are as follows: For springs, the δ18O-PO4 value varied from +14.8‰ to +18.5‰; for riverine samples, from +10.3‰ to +18.6‰, which were significantly location-dependent; while waste water treatment plant effluents ranged from +12.4‰ to +15.6‰. Two tested drainage water samples had similar isotopic compositions (+16.7‰ and +17.3‰). In the case of two analyzed bedrock samples, the δ18O-PO4 values, which were similar (+20.5‰ and +21.7‰), are close to the existing data on sedimentary bedrocks derived from similar geological periods. The obtained results can be helpful in future research aimed at identifying phosphate sources and P cycling in the studied area.
A Review on the Roles of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPSs) in Wastewater Treatment: Source, Mechanism Study, Bioproducts, Limitations, and Future Challenges
Authors: Hasan Hassimi Abu , Rahim Nurul Farhana Mohd , Alias Jahira , Ahmad Jamilah , Said Nor Sakinah Mohd , Ramli Nur Nadhirah , Buhari Junaidah , Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh , Othman Ahmad Razi , Jusoh Hajjar Hartini Wan , Juahir Hafizan , Kurniawan Setyo Budi
Published: October 2024

Biological treatment is currently a favorable option to treat wastewater due to its environmentally friendly methods and minimal toxic by-products. The majority of biological wastewater treatment uses bacteria as treatment agents, which are known to have excellent capabilities for removing various pollutants. Researchers have extensively explored the use of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) generated by bacteria in wastewater treatment. This review focuses on the sources of EPSs, factors influencing their production, and their role in wastewater treatment. Bacterial species, nutrient availability, pH, temperatures, and the presence of toxins were mentioned to be the factors influencing EPS production by bacteria in wastewater treatment. Produced EPSs by bacteria may promote the aggregation, adsorption, decolorization, and degradation of pollutants. This review highlights the challenges of discovering new potential bacterial species and complex EPS extraction methods, as well as the importance of mass production for larger-scale applications.
The Spatial Evolution Characteristics of Phytoplankton and the Impact of Environmental Factors in a Harbor-Construction-Formed Reservoir
Authors: Hu Xiaokun , Lin Kuixuan , Wang Rui , Lv Shucong , Liu Yunlong , Wang Yu , Luo Yan , Zhou Tianpeng , Liu Lusan
Published: October 2024

Phytoplankton are an important part of aquatic ecosystems and substantially contribute to primary productivity. Under certain conditions, phytoplankton can grow or cluster in large numbers, resulting in enormous economic losses and serious threats to human life and health. In this study, complex causative species of algal blooms were examined and regulatory factors were determined in a reservoir formed by harbor construction. The reservoir is isolated from the harbor by sluice gates, forming a separate water region. Twelve species of phytoplankton, including normally and abnormally blooming species, were identified to be causing blooms in this continuous water. Different from the areas where simple algae caused blooms, multiple bloom-causative species, which were completely different, occurred at several stations. In this study area, whereas the abundance of algal cells was above 10 million cells/L, the total phosphorus concentration was higher than 0.2 mg/L. When the total phosphorus concentration was lower than 0.2 mg/L, there was no algal bloom. In waters with total algal cell abundance over 10 million, the N/P ratios were all <8. This study indicates that the occurrence of algal blooms in this water was influenced by the concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus, and total phosphorus plays a more important role.
THEUSE OF A DIGITAL TWIN IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN THE STUDY OF THE DISCIPLINE SAPETiTTMO
Authors:   Naberezhnye Chelny Institute (branch) of KFU, Nigmetzyanova Venera Marsovna , Kamaleeva Alsu Raufovna ,   FGNU Institute of Pedagogy, Psychology and Social Problems
Published: October 2024

this issue of using a digital twin in the process of teaching students at a technical university is considered.the advantages and disadvantages of using a digital twin in the educational process have been identified, conditions have been proposed for organizing the educational process using a system of educational interaction between students, teachers and the digital technologies used.
MODELING OF ENVIRONMENTALLY RATIONAL CHOICE OF THE TYPE OF URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT
Authors:   Voronezh State Forestry University, Korablev Ruslan Alexandrovich , Busarin Eduard Nikolaevich ,   Voronezh State Forestry University, Belokurov Vladimir Petrovich ,   Voronezh State Forestry University, Likhachev Dmitry Valerievich ,   Voronezh State Forestry University
Published: October 2024

The issue of a rational and balanced management decision is being considered to determine the necessary use of passenger vehicles of various brands, their number and models according to passenger capacity, which will ensure a reduction in the negative impact of passenger vehicles on the ecological state of the environment.
Prevalence and predictors of annual asthma reviews in Scottish primary care data
Authors: Tibble Holly , Chung Alexandria Ming Wai
Published: October 2024

Background

People with asthma are recommended to have regular reviews in primary care, with assessment of symptoms, adjustment of treatment and self-management processes, and the delivery of a written action plan for emergencies.

Aim

Our study aimed to investigate the incidence and factors associated with attendance of annual reviews.

Design & setting

electronic health records for approximately 50 000 Scottish asthma patients, between 2008 and 2016.

Method

Multivariable logistic regression using linked primary care prescription data and primary care registration demographic data.

Results

There was a median of 381 days between subsequent reviews. Reviews in the index year were strongly associated with reviews in the following year (odds ratio 1.76 [1.68-1.84]). In contrast, asthma consultations (excluding reviews) in the index year were associated with alowerodds of having a review in the following year (0.48 [0.46-0.51]). Those aged 18-35 in the index year, or with missing address in the practice registration data, were the least likely age group to have an asthma review in the following year.

Conclusion

Reviewing the delivery of asthma care identifies patients who may be slipping through the gaps by receiving onlyreactiveasthma care rather than the structured, preventative care which can be delivered through annual reviews. Understanding the risk factors for not receiving an annual review can be leveraged to create more effective review invitations, such as explaining the specific content of reviews, introducing new contact methods to improve health equity, and reviewing the algorithm used to determine who is invited.
Experiencias de estudiantes en consejería psicológica durante COVID-19 en Cusco
Authors: Holgado Tejada Laura Diana , Montesinos Murillo Silvia Mireya , Rozas Calderón Vanessa
Published: October 2024

La pandemia de COVID-19 planteó desafíos significativos para la educación, especialmente en el ámbito de las prácticas pre-profesionales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las experiencias de prácticas pre-profesionales en el curso de consejería y orientación psicológica de una universidad privada durante la pandemia. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa con 12 estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Psicología, cuyas edades oscilan entre los 20 y 24 años. Los criterios de inclusión incluyeron ser estudiantes de Psicología, estar cursando la asignatura de Consejo y Orientación, y encontrarse en el octavo semestre. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, que permitieron explorar las experiencias de los estudiantes a través de sus relatos personales. Los hallazgos se clasificaron en tres categorías principales: experiencias enriquecedoras, dificultades en el aprendizaje, y aprendizajes esperados. Las experiencias enriquecedoras se relacionaron con la aplicación práctica de la teoría aprendida en clase. Las dificultades en el aprendizaje incluyeron la falta de interacción social y problemas de conectividad. Los aprendizajes esperados reflejaron los objetivos perseguidos por los docentes en cada unidad de aprendizaje. Finalmente, se analizó el desempeño académico como respuesta de los estudiantes al proceso de aprendizaje.
Inteligencia artificial en el diseño curricular para la educación preescolar
Authors: Quispe Amar Sandra Brígida , Roldan Baluis Walter Luis
Published: October 2024

En los últimos años, la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) ha desempeñado un papel crucial en el avance de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la educación. Por tanto, es fundamental revisar los aportes de la IA y sintetizar experiencias que beneficien la educación infantil. Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar cómo se ha aplicado la IA en el diseño curricular de la educación preescolar, evaluar su efectividad y determinar las mejores prácticas para mejorar la calidad del aprendizaje. Se empleó una metodología de revisión sistemática, analizando artículos publicados entre 2011 y 2022 en la base de datos Scopus. De un total de 524 estudios, se seleccionaron 20 investigaciones tras aplicar criterios de elegibilidad. Los hallazgos relevantes abordan la introducción a la IA, el aprendizaje automático, las técnicas de inteligencia artificial, y la ética en el uso de la IA. En conclusión, la IA puede ser una herramienta valiosa para mejorar la calidad de la educación preescolar.
Actividades grafoplásticas como herramienta para el desarrollo de la motricidad fina en la infancia
Authors: Cayllahua Ramírez Mary Luz , Jara Avalos Nelly , Cayllahua Ramírez Raúl
Published: October 2024

En la práctica pedagógica, es prioritario estimular el desarrollo de la motricidad fina en los niños de nivel inicial, para facilitar su progreso y autonomía en las actividades cotidianas; en la literatura temática, es limitada la información sistematizada que orientan las actividades que se emplean pedagógicamente para desarrollar la motricidad. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las actividades grafoplásticas para el desarrollo de la motricidad fina; el marco metodológico de la investigación fue documental con diseño bibliográfico en el marco de investigación de revisión bibliográfica, analizándose información proveniente de bases como Dialnet, Redalyc, Scielo, Scopus y WOS. Los hallazgos muestran que el empleo de actividades físicas, lúdicas, grafoplásticas, grafomotoras, desarrollan habilidades motoras finas; en los ciclos iniciales, las actividades grafoplásticas son fundamentales para la formación motora y su implementación a futuro, se relaciona con el control y dominio de la coordinación de las extremidades y músculos superiores.
Competencia comunicativa oral en la lengua materna para el desarrollo del aprendizaje: Revisión Sistemática
Authors: Echevarria Pinedo Lorena Fiorella
Published: October 2024

El uso de los recursos lingüísticos orales es primordial en la dinámica entre docentes y estudiantes, por consiguiente, desarrollar la capacidad oral es muy importante. La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia de la competencia comunicativa oral en la lengua materna en el aprendizaje. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de publicaciones en las bases de datos Scielo, Scopus, Web of science y Science Direct, aplicando el método PRISMA para la selección. Se incluyeron estudios referidos a las variables y objetivo planteado, entre 2018-2023, en idioma inglés y español, descartándose los duplicados, con características no correspondientes al método científico y de poca relevancia del tema. Se seleccionaron 20 artículos para su análisis. Es significativo que el estudiante alcance la autonomía en el habla para poder expresarse, donde los esfuerzos colectivos de los docentes son de importancia para desarrollar esta capacidad y el logro de aprendizajes.
Aprendizaje Significativo en la educación superior
Authors: Halanoca Puma Doris
Published: October 2024

El artículo presenta una revisión reflexiva del aprendizaje significativo de David Ausubel, explorando su significado, naturaleza y características, con un enfoque en su aplicabilidad en la educación superior. También se discuten las cualidades de los materiales de aprendizaje significativo, los diversos tipos de aprendizaje significativo y el proceso de adquisición de conocimiento. El estudio se basó en la revisión de documentos, empleando técnicas cualitativas y exploratorias para recopilar información relevante sobre la importancia del aprendizaje significativo en la construcción de conocimientos. Se accedió a una variedad de fuentes, como libros, documentos, artículos científicos y bibliografías. Se concluye que el aprendizaje significativo representa un desafío y una oportunidad para la edificación de nuevos conocimientos. Esto subraya la necesidad de realizar cambios estructurales en la educación superior para formar a futuros profesionales con una actitud reflexiva, propositiva y crítica.
Cross-Satellite Atmospheric Correction for Consistent Remote Sensing Reflectance from Multiple Ocean Color Satellites: Concept and Demonstrations
Authors: Lee Zhongping , Wang Tianhao , Zhao Longteng , Wang Daosheng , Ye Xiaomin , Shang Shaoling , Yu Xiaolong
Published: October 2024

Consistent bio-optical properties across multiple ocean color satellites are the key prerequisite to merging products from these satellites, thereby enhancing spatial coverage and extending temporal spans. However, due to factors such as sensor specifics and separate data processing algorithms, bio-optical properties (e.g., remote sensing reflectance,

R
rs

) from different ocean color missions exhibit varying discrepancies in oceanic, coastal, and inland waters. Here, we introduce a cross-satellite atmospheric correction (CSAC) scheme, which could greatly improve the consistency of

R
rs

products between MODIS-Aqua and other satellite ocean color missions. Specifically, using an inclusive high-quality

R
rs

dataset of oceanic waters obtained from MODIS-Aqua as the reference, and as an example, top-of-atmosphere reflectance from SeaWiFS (Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor) is directly processed to MODIS-Aqua-equivalent

R
rs

(

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rs

MA
−
eqv

) via CSAC. As a demonstration, for independent space-time matched measurements between MODIS-Aqua and SeaWiFS, the mean absolute percent difference (
MAPD
) between

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rs

MA
−
eqv

and MODIS-Aqua

R
rs

ranges from 5.9% to 22.2% across wavelengths from 412 to 667 nm. In contrast, the
MAPD
values between the NASA standard SeaWiFS and MODIS-Aqua

R
rs

products range from 10.1% to 55.1% for the same spectral bands. These results highlight the potential of CSAC in obtaining consistent

R
rs

products and, subsequently,

R
rs

-derived bio-optical properties, from various ocean color satellites, facilitating extensive and long-term ocean color observations of the global ocean.
Mortality Rate and Years of Life Lost Due to Ischemic Heart Disease in Southern Iran between 2004 and 2019: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Sharifi Mohammad Hossein , Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Hassanzadeh Jafar , Bazrafshan Drissi Hamed , Azarbakhsh Habibollah
Published: October 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for one-third of all deaths worldwide. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we extracted all death records from the Electronic Death Registration System categorized as ischemic heart disease (IHD) based on age, gender, and the year of death according to ICD-10 for this cross-sectional analysis. The Fars province is situated in southern Iran with a population of about 4 million. An analysis of years of life lost (YLL) resulting from premature death from IHD was conducted using the World Health Organization’s 2015 YLL framework. The trend of the YLL rates was investigated using joinpoint regression. Results: In the Fars province, IHD was the cause of 46969 deaths throughout a 16-year study period, (2004 to 2019). Among these, 26,503 (56.4%) were men. The crude death rates per 100000 population for men and women were 84.2 and 66.5, respectively. The total YLL due to premature death due to IHD, during the 16-year study period, was 287625 in male, 209665 in female. The joinpoint regression showed a declining trend in the YLL rate associated with premature death. Annual Percent Change (APC) was -0.6% (95% CI -6.9 to 6.1, P=0.851) for males and -1.5% (95% CI -5.2 to 2.2, P=0.418) for females. Conclusion: The trends of the standardized mortality rate, YLL, and crude mortality rate held steady throughout a 16-year period. Planning for comprehensive primary and secondary prevention and increasing public knowledge of IHD are necessary.
A Village in the Southeastern Region of Iran Harboring the c.716T>A (p.Val239Asp) Mutation in SLC26A4
Authors: Zare Ashrafi Farzane , Dorgaleleh Saeed , Rezvani Rezvandeh Raziye , Kazemi Negar , Azizi Nasrin , Edizadeh Masoud , Azizi Mohammad Hossein , Kahrizi Kimia , Najmabadi Hossein , Najafipour Reza , Mohseni Marzieh
Published: October 2024

After GJB2, SLC26A4 is the second most common contributor to autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) worldwide. In this study, we used Exome Sequencing (ES) to present a village with 31 individuals affected by hereditary hearing loss (HHL) in southeastern Iran near the border of Pakistan. The village harbored the known pathogenic missense SLC26A4 (NM_000441.2):c.716T>A (p.Val239Asp) mutation, which has a founder effect attributed to Pakistan, Iran’s southeastern neighbor. Our findings, in addition to unraveling the molecular cause of non-syndromic hearing loss in these patients and further confirming the common ancestry and migration story between the people of this region and Pakistan, provide further insight into the genetic background of this region and highlight the importance of understanding the mutation spectrum of GJB2 and SLC26A4 in different regions to choose cost-effective strategies for molecular genetic testing.
Challenges and Weaknesses of Leadership and Governance-related Health Policies in Iran: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khodayari-Zarnaq Rahim , Mobasseri Khorshid , Ghasemyani Shabnam , Sadeghi-Ghyassi Fatemeh , Naghshi Maryam , Kabiri Neda
Published: October 2024

Background: A better understanding of health system performance requires evaluating achievements and challenges, thereby providing a basis for effective reforms. This systematic review aims to investigate the challenges and weaknesses of leadership and governance-related health policies in Iran. Methods: In this qualitative systematic review, we followed the instructions of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). It encompassed qualitative studies assessing challenges and weaknesses of leadership and governance-related health policies. Thematic synthesis was conducted in three stages to identify common themes. Results: The primary database search yielded 1890 records, of which 152 were fully assessed, resulting in the inclusion of 57 studies in this review. Thematic synthesis produced 157 structured codes and identified 11 main descriptive themes of challenges in leadership and governance-related health policies. These themes included hospital autonomy policy, challenges to the entire health system, governance of medical universities, healthcare payment systems, sustainable universal health insurance coverage, informal payments, insurance systems, induced demand, strategic purchasing of health services, the family physician program, family physician and rural health insurance programs, and primary healthcare human resources. Conclusion: The identified challenges underscore the urgent need for strategic reforms and interventions to overcome the complex issues plaguing the healthcare system. By addressing these challenges, policymakers and top healthcare managers might ensure that the population have access to high-quality care in a more responsive healthcare system.
Spontaneously Corrected Hypoplastic Left Heart: A Case Report and Exceptional Opportunity to Discuss Etiology with Novel Therapeutic Vision
Authors: Shahidi Mohsen
Published: October 2024

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a relatively prevalent fetal echocardiography finding in complex congenital heart diseases. Current studies indicate that intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms could be involved in the development of left heart hypoplasia. Left ventricular inflow or outflow disorders may cause left heart hypoplasia. Prenatal aortic valvuloplasty has become more common as a therapeutic strategy. Our case presentation provides an opportunity for a new vision toward the etiology, prevention, and treatment of HLHS. In our patient, prenatal progressive left heart hypoplasia associated with restrictive foramen oval (FO) suggested the likelihood of a flow-mediated mechanism. Additionally, postnatal improvement of the hypoplastic left heart in the presence of a functional perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PM-VSD) reinforced the suspicion of an extrinsic mechanism. Pre- or postnatal interventional creation of an atrial septal defect (ASD) or VSD is our proposed method for HLHS in selected patients.
Investigation of the Link Between Food Assistance Programs and Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Noormohammadpour Pardis , Robertson Nicole
Published: October 2024

Background: While the direct benefits of food assistance programs are well-documented, there is a need to explore indirect benefits like increased physical activity. This study examined whether participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) was associated with improved physical activity levels in children and adolescents aged 2-17 in the United States during 2017-2018. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a subset of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (n=2620). In the NHANES 2017-2018 dataset, physical activity was measured through self-report questionnaires, which captured participants’ frequency, duration, and intensity of various activities. We used weighted logistic regression and the Hosmer - Lemeshow - Sturdivant forward model - building strategy to investigate this hypothesized association using SAS version 9.4. Results: In the adjusted model, controlling for the other variables in the model, we found that children and adolescents from households that had received SNAP/Food Stamps had 1.53 times higher odds (odds ratio [OR]=1.53, 95% CI: 1.24-1.89) of achieving the recommended guidelines of 60 minutes of daily physical activity compared to those who had not received benefits. Each additional year of age resulted in 0.82 times lower odds (OR=0.82; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.85) of meeting the recommended amounts of physical activity. Additionally, each unit increase in BMI was associated with 0.96 times lower odds (OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98) of engaging in recommended physical activity. Conclusion: These findings suggest that participation in the SNAP/Food Stamps program may indirectly benefit participants by increasing physical activity levels.
Association Between Household Food Insecurity and Low Birth Weight: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Amiri Zahra , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Moradi Amin , Paydar Maryam , Norouzi Mehdi , Mosafarkhani Ehsan
Published: October 2024

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health issue associated with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to examine the association between household food insecurity and LBW in Mashhad, Iran. Study Design: A population-based case-control study. Methods: This study involved 6294 mothers (3247 cases and 3247 controls) who visited healthcare centers affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences for term births between March 2019 and March 2022. Cases included women who delivered neonates weighing<2500 g, while controls delivered babies≥2500 g. Food security was measured using the validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Logistic regression models examined the associations between food insecurity and LBW. Geographic information system techniques mapped LBW distribution in Mashhad. Results: Household food insecurity was significantly associated with higher odds of LBW (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 1.53). Other risk factors included younger maternal age (AOR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04), lower maternal education (AOR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.71), cesarean delivery (AOR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.06), and exposure to secondhand smoke (AOR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.75). Gestational diabetes demonstrated a protective effect (AOR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.91). Geographic mapping revealed that regions with higher food insecurity had elevated LBW prevalence. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of addressing food insecurity among pregnant women to reduce the risk of LBW and improve newborn outcomes.
Effective Reproduction Number of Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Iran: A Registry-Based Study (2011-2021)
Authors: Rastegar Maryam , Fakoor Vahid , Nazar Eisa , Nasehi Mahshid , Sharafi Saeed , Shakeri Mohammad Taghi
Published: October 2024

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health issue in Iran, especially smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (SPPTB), due to its high transmission rate. Examining the effective reproduction number(Rt ) of SPPTB and patient characteristics is crucial for crafting targeted TB control measures. This study aimed to assess the Rt of SPPTB in Iran from 2011 to 2021 and profile SPPTB patient demographics, initial smear bacilli density, diagnosis delays, and spatial distribution. Study Design: This is a historical cohort study. Methods: A time-dependent method was used to estimate Rt , and monthly data from the national TB registry were scrutinized from 2011 to 2021. Results: A decline was observed in SPPTB incidence rates of 50909 SPPTB cases in Iran from 2011 to 2021. Approximately 29.1% of the cases were diagnosed within a month, while 44.5% experienced a one to three-month delay in diagnosis. The analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in TB transmission dynamics across various provinces of Iran. Provinces such as Sistan and Baluchestan, Golestan, Guilan, Khuzestan, Tehran, and Khorasan Razavi exhibited the highest effective reproduction numbers. Additionally, there was a decreasing trend in the effective reproduction numbers across all provinces from 2011 to 2020. Conclusion: Effective reproduction numbers declined in most provinces from 2011 to 2020 but increased moderately after the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions. Although SPPTB incidence rates are declining nationally, elevated incidence rates and effective reproduction numbers in regions such as Sistan and Baluchestan, Golestan, Guilan, Khuzestan, Tehran, and Khorasan Razavi signify the need for persistent TB management efforts in Iran.
Hatay İli Antakya Merkezde Yarı Kırsal Bölgede 6 ve 20 Şubat 2023 Depremlerinin Etkisi
Authors: Aktan Selen , Yonar Fatih
Published: October 2024

6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Doğu Anadolu Fayı üzerinde meydana gelen merkez üssü Kahramanmaraş ve Gaziantep olan depremler, geniş bir alanı etkileyerek çok büyük bir yıkıma yol açmıştır. 20 Şubat 2023 tarihinde ise Hatay’da gerçekleşen deprem mevcut hasarı daha da arttırmıştır. Bu çalışmada Mart 2023 tarihinde Hatay ili Antakya merkeze bağlı yarı kırsal iki bölgesinde yapılan hasar tespit çalışmasının gözlemsel verileri incelenmiştir. Hasar tespiti yapılan yapılarda yaygın olarak donatı hasarları, beton kusurları ve yapıların düzensizlik durumlarından dolayı oluşan hasarlar gözlemlenmiştir. Özellikle etriye aralıklarının uygun olmadığı, sıklaştırma yapılmadığı, çiroz donatısının hiç kullanılmadığı, donatılarda ciddi oranda korozyon oluştuğu ve taşıyıcı sistemlerde bazı düzensizlik durumlarının bulunduğu görülmüştür. Bu yapıların birçoğunun mühendislik hizmeti almamış olduğu ve bundan dolayı çok temel kuralların dahi yapılarda uygulanmamış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ülkemizde 1975 yılından itibaren günümüze kadar yürürlüğe girmiş olan deprem yönetmeliklerindeki bu parametreler incelenerek yapılarda gözlemlenen durumlar ile karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yürürlüğe girmiş son 4 deprem yönetmeliğindeki incelenen parametrelerin sınır değerlerinin oldukça yeterli olduğu ancak bu kuralların uygulanmamış olduğu ve bu yapılarda hasar oluştuğu görülmüştür.
Crafting Superior Dress Shoes
Authors: Karthikeyan R. , Adugna Mulugeta , Abebe Adem , Tesfaye Tamrat
Published: October 2024

This study explores the utilization of African ostrich leg skins, sourced from South Africa, in the production of high-quality leather footwear in Ethiopia. It begins with a thorough analysis of the raw materials, particularly their fat and protein contents, while also evaluating the most effective tanning methods. The research focuses on the impact of chrome and semi-chrome tanning on the leather’s physical and structural qualities, highlighting its unique texture and durability. Through comprehensive trials conducted in Ethiopia, the study examines the leather’s thermal stability, fiber structure, and performance metrics. The results reveal that chrome tanning is better suited for producing footwear, as it enhances leather strength and yields leather with minimal stretch, making it ideal for crafting durable upper shoe components. On the other hand, semi-chrome tanning, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, yields softer leather with better fiber separation, suitable for luxury leather bags’ decorative features. The findings demonstrate that specialized tanning techniques can enhance both the aesthetic and functional attributes of ostrich leg leather, promoting its inclusion in high-end leather products. This approach not only broadens the variety of materials for the Ethiopian leather industry but also supports economic growth and market expansion through sustainable practices and product innovation.
Comparative Analysis of Open Surgery and EVAR Method in the Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms: A Literature Review
Authors: Мухаметова Н.Н. , Юсибов М.К. , Акаева А.Г. , Алиев А.С. , Цыбикова Д.З.
Published: October 2024

В статье проводится сравнительный анализ двух основных методов лечения аневризмы аорты: открытой хирургии и эндоваскулярных методов. Исследование основывается на последних данных клинических испытаний и публикаций, целью которых было выявление преимуществ и недостатков каждого из методов. Рассмотрены такие аспекты, как кумулятивная выживаемость, частота осложнений, качество жизни после операции. Открытая хирургическая операция, несмотря на высокую инвазивность и длительный период восстановления, показывает хорошие долгосрочные результаты, тогда как эндоваскулярные методы предлагают меньшую травматичность и более короткую госпитализацию, но требуют дальнейшего наблюдения на предмет возможных поздних осложнений. Целью данной статьи является сравнительный анализ открытой хирургической операции и эндоваскулярного вмешательства (Endovascular aneurysm repair – EVAR) на основе последних клинических исследований. Это позволит медицинским специалистам выбирать оптимальное лечение для каждого конкретного случая и более полно понимать каждый метод, учитывая его плюсы и минусы. Особое внимание уделяется анализу клинической эффективности, безопасности процедур и долгосрочной выживаемости пациентов после лечения.

The article conducts a comparative analysis of two main methods for treating aortic aneurysm: open surgery and endovascular approaches. The study is based on the latest clinical trials and publications aimed at identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Aspects such as long-term survival, complication rates, quality of life post-operation, and cost-effectiveness of the methods are discussed. Open surgery, despite its high invasiveness and long recovery period, shows good long-term results, while endovascular methods offer less invasiveness and shorter hospital stays but require further monitoring for potential late complications. The aim of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of open surgery and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) methods based on the latest clinical studies. This will allow medical professionals to choose the optimal treatment for each specific case and to understand more fully each method, considering the advantages and disadvantages of each. Special attention is given to analyzing clinical effectiveness, the safety of procedures, and the long-term survival of patients after treatment.