bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Prediction of α-Stable Time Series
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad , Mohammadpour Adel
Published: July 2016

This paper addresses the point prediction of [Formula: see text]-stable time series. Our key idea is to define a new Hilbert space that contains [Formula: see text]-stable processes. Then, we apply the advantage of Hilbert space theory for finding the best linear prediction. We show how to use the presented predictor practically for [Formula: see text]-stable linear processes. The implementation of the presented method is easier than the implementation of the minimum dispersion method. We reveal the appropriateness of the presented method through an empirical study on predicting the natural logarithms of the volumes of SP500 market.
Identification of phenotype-relevant differentially expressed genes in breast cancer demonstrates enhanced quantile discretization protocol’s utility in multi-platform microarray data integration
Authors: Mapiye Darlington S. , Christoffels Alan G. , Gamieldien Junaid
Published: July 2016

Microarray for transcriptomics experiments often suffer from limited statistical power due to small sample size. Quantile discretization (QD) maps expression values for a sample into a series of equivalently sized ‘bins’ that represent a discrete numerical range, e.g. [Formula: see text]4 to [Formula: see text]4, which enables normalized data from multiple experiments and/or expression platforms to be combined for re-analysis. We found, however, that informal selection of bin numbers often resulted in loss of the underlying correlation structure in the data through assigning of the same numerical value to genes that are in reality expressed at significantly different levels within a sample. Here we report a procedure for determining an optimal bin number for dataset. Applying this to integrated public breast cancer datasets enabled statistical identification of several differentially expressed tumorigenesis-related genes that were not found when analyzing the individual datasets, and also several cancer biomarkers not previously indicated as having utility in the disease. Notably, differential modulation of translational control and protein synthesis via multiple pathways were found to potentially have central roles in breast cancer development and progression. These findings suggest that our protocol has significant utility in making meaningful novel biomedical discoveries by leveraging the large public expression data repositories.
Deposition, diagenesis and reservoir potential of non-carbonate sedimentary rocks from the rift section of Campos Basin, Brazil
Authors: Armelenti G. , Goldberg K. , Kuchle J. , De Ros L. F.
Published: July 2016

A new petrographical study was performed on the rift section of the Lagoa Feia Group, Lower Cretaceous of the Campos Basin, eastern Brazilian margin. The primary constituents of the analysed rocks are siliciclastic and volcaniclastic grains, stevensite ooids and peloids, and bioclasts of bivalves and ostracods. This study focused on the clastic, stevensitic and hybrid rocks, as previous studies were limited to the bioclastic rudstones and grainstones that constitute the producing reservoirs. The rift sedimentation was mostly intrabasinal, with extrabasinal contribution concentrated close to half-graben border faults. The mixture of rounded volcanic fragments with angular quartz, feldspars and plutonic fragments in the sandstones and conglomerates indicates recycling of early rift epiclastic deposits, combined with first-cycle sediments eroded from uplifted plutonic basement blocks. Stevensitic ooids and peloids, formed in shallow, alkaline lacustrine environments, were mixed throughout the rift section with bivalve and ostracod bioclasts, and with the clastic sediments. Gravitational redeposition was promoted by intense and recurrent tectonism along the rift margins. The main diagenetic processes in clastic sandstones and conglomerates and hybrid arenites are cementation and grain replacement by smectite, zeolites, calcite and dolomite, mechanical compaction and dissolution of feldspars, volcanic fragments and bioclasts. Stevensitic arenites experienced early cementation and replacement of ooids and peloids by quartz, calcite and dolomite, or intense compaction of stevensitic grains in uncemented areas. Volcaniclastic sandstones and conglomerates with smectite rims, remnant intergranular porosity and grain dissolution may constitute fair hydrocarbon reservoirs. Stevensitic and hybrid arenites with dissolution of stevensite grains, bioclasts and calcite cement may also constitute reservoirs, although with potential quality limited by the poor connection of their pore systems. An understanding of the controls on the depositional and diagenetic evolution of the dominantly intrabasinal, gravitationally redeposited, rift succession will contribute to new exploration strategies for the Campos Basin.
Redox control of Cas phosphorylation requires Abl kinase in regulation of intestinal epithelial cell spreading and migration
Authors: Matthews Jason D. , Sumagin Ronen , Hinrichs Benjamin , Nusrat Asma , Parkos Charles A. , Neish Andrew S.
Published: July 2016

Intestinal wounds often occur during inflammatory and ischemic disorders of the gut. To repair damage, intestinal epithelial cells must rapidly spread and migrate to cover exposed lamina propria, events that involve redox signaling. Wounds are subject to extensive redox alterations, particularly resulting from H2O2 produced in the adjacent tissue by both the epithelium and emigrating leukocytes. The mechanisms governing these processes are not fully understood, particularly at the level of protein signaling. Crk-associated substrate, or Cas, is an important signaling protein known to modulate focal adhesion and actin cytoskeletal dynamics, whose association with Crk is regulated by Abl kinase, a ubiquitously expressed tyrosine kinase. We sought to evaluate the role of Abl regulation of Cas at the level of cell spreading and migration during wound closure. As a model, we used intestinal epithelial cells exposed to H2O2 or scratch wounded to assess the Abl-Cas signaling pathway. We characterized the localization of phosphorylated Cas in mouse colonic epithelium under baseline conditions and after biopsy wounding the mucosa. Analysis of actin and focal adhesion dynamics by microscopy or biochemical analysis after manipulating Abl kinase revealed that Abl controls redox-dependent Cas phosphorylation and localization to influence cell spreading and migration. Collectively, our data shed new light on redox-sensitive protein signaling modules controlling intestinal wound healing.
Live interaction distinctively shapes social gaze dynamics in rhesus macaques
Authors: Dal Monte Olga , Piva Matthew , Morris Jason A. , Chang Steve W. C.
Published: July 2016

The dynamic interaction of gaze between individuals is a hallmark of social cognition. However, very few studies have examined social gaze dynamics after mutual eye contact during real-time interactions. We used a highly quantifiable paradigm to assess social gaze dynamics between pairs of monkeys and modeled these dynamics using an exponential decay function to investigate sustained attention after mutual eye contact. When monkeys were interacting with real partners compared with static images and movies of the same monkeys, we found a significant increase in the proportion of fixations to the eyes and a smaller dispersion of fixations around the eyes, indicating enhanced focal attention to the eye region. Notably, dominance and familiarity between the interacting pairs induced separable components of gaze dynamics that were unique to live interactions. Gaze dynamics of dominant monkeys after mutual eye contact were associated with a greater number of fixations to the eyes, whereas those of familiar pairs were associated with a faster rate of decrease in this eye-directed attention. Our findings endorse the notion that certain key aspects of social cognition are only captured during interactive social contexts and dependent on the elapsed time relative to socially meaningful events.
Miniaturized Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for GNSS Applications
Authors: Caizzone S. , Buchner G. , Elmarissi W.
Published: July 2016

The increase in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) availability and services is fostering a new wave of applications related to satellite navigation. Such increase is also followed by more and more threats, aiming at signal disruption. In order to fully exploit the potentialities of precise and reliable navigation, being able at the same time to counteract threats such as interference, jamming, and spoofing, smart antenna systems are being investigated worldwide, with the requirements of multiband operation and compactness. In order to answer such need, the present work proposes a miniaturized dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) 2 × 2 array able to operate at E5/L5, L2, and E6 bands, with an overall footprint of only 3.5′′ (89 mm).
Effects of Forest Bathing on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Parameters in Middle‐Aged Males
Authors: Li Qing , Kobayashi Maiko , Kumeda Shigeyoshi , Ochiai Toshiya , Miura Takashi , Kagawa Takahide , Imai Michiko , Wang Zhiyu , Otsuka Toshiaki , Kawada Tomoyuki
Published: July 2016

In the present study, we investigated the effects of a forest bathing on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters. Nineteen middle‐aged male subjects were selected after they provided informed consent. These subjects took day trips to a forest park in Agematsu, Nagano Prefecture, and to an urban area of Nagano Prefecture as control in August 2015. On both trips, they walked 2.6 km for 80 min each in the morning and afternoon on Saturdays. Blood and urine were sampled before and after each trip. Cardiovascular and metabolic parameters were measured. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured during the trips. The Japanese version of the profile of mood states (POMS) test was conducted before, during, and after the trips. Ambient temperature and humidity were monitored during the trips. The forest bathing program significantly reduced pulse rate and significantly increased the score for vigor and decreased the scores for depression, fatigue, anxiety, and confusion. Urinary adrenaline after forest bathing showed a tendency toward decrease. Urinary dopamine after forest bathing was significantly lower than that after urban area walking, suggesting the relaxing effect of the forest bathing. Serum adiponectin after the forest bathing was significantly greater than that after urban area walking.
Community Engaged Lifestyle Modification Research: Engaging Diabetic and Prediabetic African American Women in Community-Based Interventions
Authors: Blanks Starla Hairston , Treadwell Henrie , Bazzell Anya , Graves Whitney , Osaji Olivia , Dean Juanita , McLawhorn James T. , Stroud Jareese Lee
Published: July 2016

Purpose. The I Am Woman (IAW) Program is a community-based, culturally responsive, and gender-specific nutrition, obesity, and diabetes educational prevention program designed for African American women (AAW). Chronic nutrition-related health conditions such as excess body weight, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and some forms of cancer are common among many African American women.Methods. IAW engaged AAW at risk for such deleterious health conditions by developing a health education intervention that aimed to support weight loss and management, improve knowledge about healthy lifestyle behavioral choices, and facilitate increased access to comprehensive healthcare. This Community Health Worker- (CHW-) led program enrolled 79 AAW aged 18 and older in a 7-week group health education intervention.Results. Following the intervention, results indicated that participants had greater knowledge about nutrition and health, strategies for prevention and management of obesity and diabetes, increased engagement in exercise and fitness activities, and decreased blood pressure, weight, body, and mass index. Cholesterol levels remained relatively unchanged. Additionally, AAW visited a primary care doctor more frequently and indicated greater interest in addressing their health concerns.Conclusion. This model of prevention appears to be a promising approach for increasing awareness about ways to improve the health and well-being of AAW.
Bioinspired Knee Joint for a Power-Assist Suit
Authors: Kikuchi Takehito , Sakai Kohei , Abe Isao
Published: July 2016

Movement of the knee joint of a human includes rolling and sliding. There also exist rotations in the frontal and horizontal planes. To assist the standing movement of a human, we developed a bioinspired knee joint and torque adjustment mechanism. We evaluated the motion, torque characteristics, and stress of the developed mechanism. This joint allows deep flexion of the knee with small resistance for both the user and the device. In addition, in spite of 33% error in deep flexion, the measured torque over less than 120 degrees fits the designed torque curve. We conducted evaluation tests for a human subject. The electromyogram (EMG) of musculus rectus femoris was measured during standing with or without the assistance. The result shows 30% and 63% reduction with the assistance from 100-degree and 80-degree knee angles, respectively. In addition, the proposed device reduced up to 80% of stress in the frontal plane during standing.
Lepton Pair Čerenkov Radiation Emitted by Tachyonic Neutrinos: Lorentz-Covariant Approach and IceCube Data
Authors: Jentschura Ulrich D. , Ehrlich Robert
Published: July 2016

Current experiments do not exclude the possibility that one or more neutrinos are very slightly superluminal or that they have a very small tachyonic mass. Important bounds on the size of a hypothetical tachyonic neutrino mass term are set by lepton pair Čerenkov radiation (LPCR), that is, by the decay channelν→e+e-ν, which proceeds via a virtualZ0boson. Here, we use a Lorentz-invariant dispersion relation which leads to very tight constraints on the tachyonic mass of neutrinos; we also calculate decay and energy loss rates. A possible cutoff seen in the IceCube neutrino spectrum forEν>2 PeV, due to the potential onset of LPCR, is discussed.
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis with Bilateral Facial Palsy and Severe Mixed Hearing Loss
Authors: Wawrzecka Agnieszka , Szymańska Anna , Jeleniewicz Radosław , Szymański Marcin
Published: July 2016

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is autoimmune and rare disease. It affects many organs, but the most often affected organs are the nose, lungs, and kidneys. It is part of vasculitis and causes an autoimmune attack by an abnormal type of circulating antibody termed ANCAs against small blood vessels. Disease concerns both men and women with a peak age of presentation in the sixth and seven decades. Typically upper and lower respiratory tract and kidneys are involved. Otitis externa, otitis media, or mastoiditis rarely occurs in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Deafness is the most dangerous aural complication. Histological examination of biopsy is often not specific. A case of GPA with bilateral otitis media, bilateral deafness, and bilateral facial palsy with fatal course is presented.
Evaluation of Air Quality Model Performance for Simulating Long-Range Transport and Local Pollution of PM2.5in Japan
Authors: Shimadera Hikari , Kojima Tatsuya , Kondo Akira
Published: July 2016

The Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) v5.0.2 was applied to PM2.5simulation in Japan, which is strongly affected by long-range transport (LRT) from anthropogenic sources in the Asian Continent, for one year from April 2010 to March 2011. The model performance for LRT and local pollution (LP) of PM2.5was evaluated to identify the model processes that need to be improved. CMAQ well simulated temporal and spatial variation patterns of PM2.5but underestimated the concentration level by 15% on average. The contribution of LRT was estimated from the difference between the baseline simulation case and a zero-emission case for anthropogenic emissions in the continent. The estimated LRT contribution to PM2.5was 50% on average and generally higher in the western areas of Japan (closer to the continent). Days that were dominantly affected by LRT or LP were determined based on the contribution of LRT to sulfate, which was fairly well simulated and strongly affected by LRT among major PM2.5components. The underestimation of PM2.5was larger in LP days (by 26% on average) than LRT days (by 10% on average). Therefore, it is essential to improve local emissions, formation, and loss processes of precursors and PM2.5in Japan.
On the Tensile Strength of Granite at High Strain Rates considering the Influence from Preexisting Cracks
Authors: Saadati Mahdi , Forquin Pascal , Weddfelt Kenneth , Larsson Per-Lennart
Published: July 2016

The dynamic tensile behavior of granite samples, when some preexisting cracks are introduced artificially, is investigated. Spalling tests using a Hopkinson bar are performed and strain rates of ~102 1/s are obtained in both specimen types (with and without initial cracks). This experimental technique is employed being of the same order as strain rates in rock materials during percussive drilling, the application of interest here. The dynamic tensile responses of both sample-sets are compared using the velocity profile measured on the free-end of the sample. Furthermore, an anisotropic damage model based on the concept of obscuration probability describes the response without preexisting cracks. Here, a term of cohesive strength in obscuration zones is added to accurately handle the softening behavior of the material in tension. Results from the spalling tests are used to validate the model prediction of the dynamic tensile strength and also to calibrate the cohesive model parameters. Damaged elements are numerically introduced in the finite element calculations simulating the spalling experiments performed on predamaged samples. The results are compared with the experimental ones. Good agreement is obtained showing that a two-scale approach may constitute a suitable method to simulate numerically the tensile response of predamaged granite.
From Guided Surgery to Final Prosthesis with a Fully Digital Procedure: A Prospective Clinical Study on 15 Partially Edentulous Patients
Authors: Dolcini Giorgio Andrea , Colombo Marco , Mangano Carlo
Published: July 2016

Scope.To demonstrate guided implant placement and the application of fixed, implant-supported prosthetic restorations with a fully digital workflow.Methods.Over a 2-year period, all patients with partial edentulism of the posterior maxilla, in need of fixed implant-supported prostheses, were considered for inclusion in this study. The protocol required intraoral scanning and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the superimposition of dental-gingival information on bone anatomy, surgical planning, 3D-printed teeth-supported surgical templates, and modelling and milling of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) temporaries for immediate loading. After 3 months, final optical impression was taken and milled zirconia frameworks and 3D-printed models were fabricated. The frameworks were veneered with ceramic and delivered to the patients.Results.Fifteen patients were selected for this study. The surgical templates were stable. Thirty implants were placed (BTK Safe®, BTK, Vicenza, Italy) and immediately loaded with PMMA temporaries. After 3 months, the temporaries were replaced by the final restorations in zirconia-ceramic, fabricated with a fully digital process. At 6 months, none of the patients reported any biological or functional problems with the implant-supported prostheses.Conclusions.The present procedure for fully digital planning of implants and short-span fixed implant-supported restorations has been shown to be reliable. Further studies are needed to validate these results.
Unsweetened Natural Cocoa Powder Has the Potential to Attenuate High Dose Artemether‐Lumefantrine‐Induced Hepatotoxicity in Non‐Malarious Guinea Pigs
Authors: Asiedu-Gyekye Isaac Julius , Edem Kukuia Kennedy Kwami , Seidu Abdulai Mahmood , Antwi-Boasiako Charles , N’guessan Benoit Banga , Frimpong-Manso Samuel , Adjei Samuel , Zobi Jonathan , Tettey Abraham Terkpertey , Nyarko Alexander Kwadwo
Published: July 2016

Objective. This study investigated the elemental composition of unsweetened natural cocoa powder (UNCP), its effect on nitric oxide, and its hepatoprotective potential during simultaneous administration with high‐dose artemether/lumefantrine (A/L). Method. Macro‐ and microelements in UNCP were analyzed with EDXRF spectroscopy. Thirty (30) male guinea‐pigs were then divided into five groups. For groups 3 (low‐dose), 4 (medium‐dose), and 5 (high‐dose), the animals received oral UNCP prophylactically for 14 days. Group 1 received distilled water (14 days) and group 2 A/L for the last 3 days (days 12 to 14). After euthanisation, biochemical and histopathological examinations were carried out in all groups. Results. Phytochemical analysis of UNCP showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. Thirty‐eight (38) macro‐ and microelements were found. UNCP produced significant decreases in ALT, ALP, GGT, and AST levels. A significant increase in total protein levels was observed during A/L+UNCP administration in comparison to 75 mg/kg A/L group. Histopathological examinations buttressed the protective effects of cocoa administration. UNCP administration increased nitric oxide levels 149.71% (P < 0.05) compared to controls. Conclusion. UNCP increases nitric oxide levels and has hepatoprotective potential during A/L administration. A high level of copper was observed which may be detrimental during high daily consumptions of UNCP.
Multiscale Nonconforming Finite Element Computation to Small Periodic Composite Materials of Elastic Structures on Anisotropic Meshes
Authors: Hao Ying , Song Shicang , Guan Junfeng
Published: July 2016

The small periodic elastic structures of composite materials with the multiscale asymptotic expansion and homogenized method are discussed. A nonconforming Crouzeix-Raviart finite element is applied to calculate every term of the asymptotic expansion on anisotropic meshes. The approximation scheme to the higher derivatives of the homogenized solution is also derived. Finally, the optimal error estimate in·hfor displacement vector is obtained.
Chitosan and Sodium Alginate Combinations Are Alternative, Efficient, and Safe Natural Adjuvant Systems for Hepatitis B Vaccine in Mouse Model
Authors: AbdelAllah Nourhan H. , Abdeltawab Nourtan F. , Boseila Abeer A. , Amin Magdy A.
Published: July 2016

Hepatitis B viral (HBV) infections represent major public health problem and are an occupational hazard for healthcare workers. Current alum‐adjuvanted HBV vaccine is the most effective measure to prevent HBV infection. However, the vaccine has some limitations including poor response in some vaccinee and being a frost‐sensitive suspension. The goal of our study was to use an alternative natural adjuvant system strongly immunogenic allowing for a reduction in dose and cost. We tested HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) adjuvanted with chitosan (Ch) and sodium alginate (S), both natural adjuvants, either alone or combined with alum in mouse model. Mice groups were immunized subcutaneously with HBsAg adjuvanted with Ch or S, or triple adjuvant formula with alum (Al), Ch, and S, or double formulations with AlCh or AlS. These were compared to control groups immunized with current vaccine formula or unadjuvanted HBsAg. We evaluated the rate of seroconversion, serum HBsAg antibody, IL‐4, and IFN‐γ levels. The results showed that the solution formula with Ch or S exhibited comparable immunogenic responses to Al‐adjuvanted suspension. The AlChS gave significantly higher immunogenic response compared to controls. Collectively, our results indicated that Ch and S are effective HBV adjuvants offering natural alternatives, potentially reducing dose.
Erythropoietin Restores Long‐Term Neurocognitive Function Involving Mechanisms of Neuronal Plasticity in a Model of Hyperoxia‐Induced Preterm Brain Injury
Authors: Hoeber Daniela , Sifringer Marco , van de Looij Yohan , Herz Josephine , Sizonenko Stéphane V. , Kempe Karina , Serdar Meray , Palasz Joanna , Hadamitzky Martin , Endesfelder Stefanie , Fandrey Joachim , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Bendix Ivo
Published: July 2016

Cerebral white and grey matter injury is the leading cause of an adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in prematurely born infants. High oxygen concentrations have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of neonatal brain damage. Here, we focused on motor‐cognitive outcome up to the adolescent and adult age in an experimental model of preterm brain injury. In search of the putative mechanisms of action we evaluated oligodendrocyte degeneration, myelination, and modulation of synaptic plasticity‐related molecules. A single dose of erythropoietin (20,000 IU/kg) at the onset of hyperoxia (24 hours, 80% oxygen) in 6‐day‐old Wistar rats improved long‐lasting neurocognitive development up to the adolescent and adult stage. Analysis of white matter structures revealed a reduction of acute oligodendrocyte degeneration. However, erythropoietin did not influence hypomyelination occurring a few days after injury or long‐term microstructural white matter abnormalities detected in adult animals. Erythropoietin administration reverted hyperoxia‐induced reduction of neuronal plasticity‐related mRNA expression up to four months after injury. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of erythropoietin as a neuroregenerative treatment option in neonatal brain injury, leading to improved memory function in adolescent and adult rats which may be linked to increased neuronal network connectivity.
Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase L1 in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Öhrfelt Annika , Johansson Per , Wallin Anders , Andreasson Ulf , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Svensson Johan
Published: July 2016

Background: Dysfunctions of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), including the highly abundant neuronal enzyme ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and autophagy-related changes (lysosomal degradation) are implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Method: This study evaluated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of UCH-L1, protein deglycase (DJ-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 231 (P-tau231) in two independent patient and control cohorts. Cohort 1 included CSF samples from subjects having an AD biomarker profile (n = 10) or a control biomarker profile (n = 31), while cohort 2 was a monocenter clinical study including patients with AD (n = 32), mild cognitive impairment (n = 13), other dementias (n = 15), as well as cognitively healthy controls (n = 20). Results: UCH-L1 and P-tau231 were elevated in AD patients compared to controls in both cohorts. CSF levels of DJ-1 and NSE were unchanged in the AD group, whereas they were decreased in the group of other dementia compared to controls in the clinical study. Conclusion: Our main findings support that the UPS pathway may be impaired in AD, and UCH-L1 may serve as an additional CSF biomarker for AD.
Expanding Porencephalic Cysts: Prenatal Imaging and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Abergel Adva , Lacalm Audrey , Massoud Mona , Massardier Jérôme , des Portes Vincent , Guibaud Laurent
Published: July 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to report the prenatal imaging findings of expanding porencephalic cyst, which have not been previously described in the prenatal period, and to underline that these lesions can involve the cerebellum and not exclusively the supratentorial structures. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of five cases with a prenatal diagnosis of expanding porencephalic cyst. Results: The cystic lesion was located in the supra- and infratentorial space in 2 cases, respectively, or in both in one case. The lesion expanded into the pericerebral space or communicated with the ventricular system in 4 and 1 cases, respectively. Differential diagnosis included tumoural lesion in 2 cases because of internal echogenic components related to haemorrhagic changes, which were identified using foetal MRI, and arachnoid cyst in 2 cases because of expansion into the pericerebral space. In the last case, communication within the ventricular system mimicked a unilateral ventriculomegaly. Conclusion: Differential diagnosis of any cystic lesion with extra-axial component should include expanding porencephalic cyst. Foetal MRI is helpful to differentiate this entity from extra-axial lesions such as arachnoid cysts but also from rare tumours.
Inactivated antithrombins as fondaparinux antidotes: a promising alternative to haemostatic agents as assessed in vitro in a thrombin-generation assay
Authors: Bourti Yasmine , Fazavana Judicael , Armand Marine , Saller François , Lasne Dominique , Borgel Delphine , Bianchini Elsa P.
Published: July 2016

In the absence of specific antidote to fondaparinux, two modified forms of antithrombin (AT), one recombinant inactive (ri-AT) and the other chemically inactivated (chi-AT), were designed to antagonise AT-mediated anticoagulants, e. g. heparins or fondaparinux. These inactive ATs were previously proven to effectively neutralise anticoagulant activity associated with heparin derivatives in vitro and in vivo, as assessed by direct measurement of anti-FXa activity. This study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro the effectivity of inactive ATs to reverse anticoagulation by heparin derivatives and to compare them with non-specific fondaparinux reversal agents, like recombinant-activated factor VII (rFVIIa) or activated prothrombin-complex concentrate (aPCC), in a thrombin-generation assay (TGA). Addition of fondaparinux (3 μg/ml) to normal plasma inhibited thrombin generation by prolonging lag time (LT) as much as 244 % and lowering endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) to 17 % of their control (normal plasma) values. Fondaparinux-anticoagulant activity was reversed by ri-AT and chi-AT, as reflected by the corrections of LT up to 117 % and 114 % of its control value, and ETP recovery to 78 % and 63 %, respectively. Unlike ri-AT that had no effect on thrombin generation in normal plasma, chi-AT retained anticoagulant activity that minimises its reversal capacity. However, both ATs were more effective than rFVIIa or aPCC at neutralising fondaparinux and, unlike non-specific antidotes, inactive ATs specifically reversed AT-mediated anticoagulant activities, as suggested by their absence of procoagulant activity in anticoagulant-free plasma.
Role and analysis of monocyte subsets in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Shantsila Eduard , Caligiuri Giuseppina , Guzik Tomasz , Heine Gunnar H. , Hoefer Imo E. , Monaco Claudia , Peter Karlheinz , Rainger Ed , Siegbahn Agneta , Steffens Sabine , Wojta Johann , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Weber Christian , Hristov Michael
Published: July 2016

Monocytes as cells of the innate immunity are prominently involved in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. The heterogeneity of blood monocytes has widely been acknowledged by accumulating experimental and clinical data suggesting a differential, subset-specific contribution of the corresponding subpopulations to the pathology of cardiovascular and other diseases. This document re-evaluates current nomenclature and summarises key findings on monocyte subset biology to propose a consensus statement about phenotype, separation and quantification of the individual subsets.

Note: The review process for this paper was fully handled by Lina Badimon, Section Editor.
O cinema moderno segundo Pasolini
Authors: Xavier Ismail
Published: July 2016

O artigo tece comentários sobre Pier Paolo Pasolini como teórico do cinema e focaliza, em particular, a concepção que o cineasta elaborou do cinema moderno em seus textos dos anos 60, especialmente em "Observações sobre o plano-sequência" e "Cinema de poesia". São ai discutidas noções como a de "cinema de poesia" e "subjetiva indireta livre", bem como a oposição entre plano-sequência e montagem, quando esta se apresenta, na formulação de Pasolini, omo metáfora da morte.
Everolimus-Eluting Stents in Patients With Bare-Metal and Drug-Eluting In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Alfonso Fernando , Pérez-Vizcayno María José , García del Blanco, Bruno , García-Touchard, Arturo , López-Mínguez, José-Ramón , Masotti, Mónica , Zueco, Javier , Melgares, Rafael , Mainar, Vicente , Moreno, Raul , Domínguez, Antonio , Sanchís, Juan , Bethencourt, Armando , Moreu, José , Cequier, Angel , Martí, Vicens , Otaegui, Imanol , Bastante, Teresa , Gonzalo, Nieves , Jiménez-Quevedo, Pilar , Cárdenas, Alberto , Fernández, Cristina
Published: July 2016

Background—

Treatment of patients with drug-eluting stent (DES) in-stent restenosis (ISR) is more challenging than that of patients with bare-metal stent ISR. However, the results of everolimus-eluting stents (EES) in these distinct scenarios remain unsettled.

Methods and Results—

A pooled analysis of the RIBS IV (Restenosis Intra-Stent of Drug-Eluting Stents: Paclitaxel-Eluting Balloon vs Everolimus-Eluting Stent) and RIBS V (Restenosis Intra-Stent of Bare Metal Stents: Paclitaxel-Eluting Balloon vs Everolimus-Eluting Stent) randomized trials was performed using patient-level data to compare the efficacy of EES in bare-metal stent ISR and DES-ISR. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were identical in both trials. Results of 94 patients treated with EES for bare-metal stent ISR were compared with those of 155 patients treated with EES for DES-ISR. Baseline characteristics were more adverse in patients with DES-ISR, although they presented later and more frequently with a focal pattern. After intervention, minimal lumen diameter (2.22±0.5 versus 2.38±0.5 mm,
P
=0.01) was smaller in the DES-ISR group. Late angiographic findings (89.3% of eligible patients), including minimal lumen diameter (2.03±0.7 versus 2.36±0.6 mm,
P
<0.001) and diameter stenosis (23±22 versus 13±17%,
P
<0.001) were poorer in patients with DES-ISR. Results were consistent in the in-segment and in-lesion analyses. On multiple linear regression analysis, minimal lumen diameter at follow-up remained significantly smaller in patients with DES-ISR. Finally, at 1-year clinical follow-up (100% of patients), mortality (2.6 versus 0%,
P
<0.01) and need for target vessel revascularization (8 versus 2%,
P
=0.03) were higher in the DES-ISR group.

Conclusions—

This patient-level pooled analysis of the RIBS IV and RIBS V randomized clinical trials suggests that EES provide favorable outcomes in patients with ISR. However, the results of EES are less satisfactory in patients with DES-ISR than in those with bare-metal stent ISR.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT01239953 and NCT01239940.
Trends in Cardiovascular Health Metrics in Obese Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988–2014
Authors: Guo Fangjian , Garvey W. Timothy
Published: July 2016

Background

No study has quantified trends in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular health metrics among obese people in the United States in recent years.

Methods and Results

We examined the secular changes in cardiovascular health metrics and key cardiovascular disease risk factors among obese adults (aged ≥20 years) in the United States. We included 18 626 obese adults (body mass index ≥30) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (
NHANES
)
III
and
NHANES
1999–2014. Among those obese adults, there were decreases in mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels and increases in mean high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and mean hemoglobin A1c levels. Prevalence of blood pressure health and lipid health remained stable during the period 1988–2014, whereas prevalence of blood glucose health decreased significantly during this period. Prevalence of freedom from cardiovascular disease risk factors remained stable at ≈15% among the adult obese population during the period 1988–2014, whereas prevalence of presence of all 3 risk factors increased from 16.4% to 22.4% during this period, commensurate with a decline in those with 1 to 2 risk factors (from 69.6% to 62.4%).

Conclusions

During the past 3 decades, blood pressure health and blood lipid health remained stable or improved, whereas blood glucose health deteriorated among adult obese population. This resulted in an overall decrease in cardiovascular health status among obese adults and greater risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The data argue for interventions targeted to those obese persons who are metabolically unhealthy to stem rising rates of diabetes mellitus.
Neoalloionema indicum n. sp. (Nematoda: Alloionematidae), a new alloionematid from India
Authors: Nermuť Jiří , Půža Vladimír , Mráček Zdeněk
Published: July 2016

A new nematode species belonging to the family Alloionematidae was originally isolated by Dr Marie Anne Félix on 16 December 2007 from a rotting coconut at the boat boarding point in Estuary island resort, Poovar, Kerala, India. Both morphologically and molecularly, the new isolate resemblesNeoalloionema tricaudatumbut, unlikeN. tricaudatumthis species has no phasmidial ‘horns’ in the juvenile stage, even though prominent structures in the mid-tail of dauer juveniles were observed. Females are characterised by a body length of 947 (869-1030) μm, vulva in the mid-body region, long, and tapering tail with a minute post-anal swelling. Males are 678 (606-757) μm long with a long tapering tail that is very thick at base. They are further characterised by seven pairs of genital papillae and a single genital papilla. Dauer juveniles are only 391 (364-434) μm long, thin and almost straight when heat-killed. Large, prominent phasmids are located laterally at the mid-tail region and lateral fields consisting of a single ridge are present. Several morphological and molecular differences encouraged us to describe the nematode asN. indicumn. sp. The ecology of the newly described species is unknown, but it is probably a saprophytic bacteriophagous nematode preferring rotting organic material.
Compensation for Antitrust Violations
Authors: Crane Daniel A.
Published: July 2016

Antitrust systems that permit private enforcement must choose between prioritizing compensation or deterrence as primary goals given the inevitable trade-offs. Although a number of systems that have been transitioning towards private enforcement—the EU in particular—have recently sided with compensation as the primary goal, it is doubtful that antitrust generally can achieve effective compensation to consumers as compensation is traditionally understood in remedial systems. This article considers the possibility of reaching for a different definition of compensation than conventionally understood and casts doubt on the advisability of such a move.
Polar bears and ice: cultural connotations of Arctic environments that contradict the science of climate change
Authors: Stenport Anna Westerstahl , Vachula Richard S
Published: July 2016

In spite of overwhelming agreement between scientists and scientific agencies around the world that anthropogenic climate change is currently occurring, many American citizens and politicians alike continue to doubt its validity. In this article, we examine 21st-century media reporting and 20th-century cinematic examples that provide possible reasons for why this is the case, especially foregrounding Western cultural perceptions and connotations of the Arctic region, which have constructed an intellectual framework that resists scientific findings of anthropogenic forcing of climate change.
Tailoring the adsorption behavior of bone char for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Rojas-Mayorga CK , Mendoza-Castillo DI , Bonilla-Petriciolet A , Silvestre-Albero J
Published: July 2016

This paper evaluates the pyrolysis conditions applied during the synthesis of bovine bone char and the effect of these parameters in its adsorption properties for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution at batch reactors. The synthesis route has been analyzed in detail and the surface interactions involved in the adsorption process has been studied and discussed using different characterization techniques, given a special emphasis on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. A proper selection of the pyrolysis conditions improved the metal uptake of bone chars by 143% where the adsorption capacities ranged from 68.3 up to 119.4 mg/g. The removal performance followed the trend Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. However, the multicomponent removal of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ ions in both binary and ternary mixtures was a strong antagonistic adsorption process. XPS analysis confirmed that the ion exchange between the calcium, from the hydroxyapatite structure of bone char, and the heavy metals in solution played an important role in the adsorption process. These findings are useful to enhance the efficacy of heavy metal removal from aqueous solution using bone char.
Adsorption of peroxidase from Raphanus sativus L onto alginate–guar gum matrix: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic analysis
Authors: Santos Leite da Silva Ana C , Woitovich Valetti Nadia , Brassesco María E , Teixeira José A , Picó Guillermo
Published: July 2016

This work explores the kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of peroxidase adsorption onto spherical guar gum–alginate matrices. The effect of contact time, solution pH, initial protein concentration and temperature was studied in batch experiments. The results show that peroxidase adsorption increased with rising contact time and initial enzyme concentration, and was higher at pH 4.0. The kinetic processes can be predicted by both the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics and the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. Equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed with different isotherm models. The experimental data fitted to the Freundlich model in agreement with the low energy activation, demonstrating the presence of a high physical and unspecific interaction between the enzyme and the matrix.
Clinical and laboratory predictors of coronary slow flow in coronary angiography
Authors: Ghaffari Samad , Tajlil Arezou , Aslanabadi Naser , Separham Ahmad , Sohrabi Bahram , Saeidi Gholamreza , Pourafkari Leili
Published: July 2016

Background:

The coronary slow-flow phenomenon (CSFP) is a multifactorial angiographic finding with no established pathogenesis.

Objective:

To investigate the role of clinical profile and laboratory findings in patients with CSFP.

Methods:

We prospectively recruited 69 patients with angiographically diagnosed CSFP and compared them with 88 patients with normal coronary flow. Demographic information, comorbidities and laboratory analysis, including complete blood count with differential, lipid profile and serum biochemical analysis, were documented and compared in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

Patients with CSFP were more likely to be male and active smokers. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin and hematocrit, platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and red cell distribution width (RDW) were all higher in patients with CSFP. In multivariate regression analysis, including smoking, total cholesterol, hematocrit, fasting blood glucose and red cell distribution width, except fasting blood glucose, all variables were independently associated with CSFP. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a cut-off point of 13.05% for RDW with a sensitivity of 74.6% and a specificity of 77.3% (p<0.001, AUC = 0.802) A cut-off value of 11.35% for PDW had a 89.9% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity for the prediction of CSFP (p<0.001, AUC = 0.970)

Conclusion:

The changes of circulating blood cell components in patients with CSFP may be indicative of underlying inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that should be investigated in experimental studies.
Education for sustainability-challenges and opportunities
Authors: Wade Ros
Published: July 2016

This article will focus on the challenges of leadership and management of a key initiative of the 20052014 UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD), namely the Regional Centres of Expertise in Education for Sustainability (RCEs). It will argue that in order to achieve sustainability, there is a need to move away from outdated hierarchical and technocratic models towards more flexible, democratic and empowering approaches to leadership.
What Lies Beyond Neuroticism? An Examination of the Unique Contributions of Social-Cognitive Vulnerabilities to Internalizing Disorders
Authors: Naragon-Gainey Kristin , Watson David
Published: July 2016

Extensive research has identified various social-cognitive vulnerabilities for internalizing disorders. However, few studies have assessed multiple disorders simultaneously, so it is unclear whether these vulnerabilities are transdiagnostic or specific risk factors. Their unique associations with disorders are also uncertain, given that they correlate strongly with neuroticism and one other. Psychiatric outpatients completed self-report and interview measures of six disorders (depression, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, social anxiety, panic, obsessive-compulsive disorder), and personality (the Big Five, neuroticism facets, and four vulnerabilities: anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, perfectionism, experiential avoidance). All constructs were modeled as latent variables using structural equation modeling. All four vulnerabilities were closely associated with neuroticism, loading on its anxiety facet in factor analyses. Furthermore, after accounting for the contribution of neuroticism facets, intolerance of uncertainty and experiential avoidance were not uniquely associated with any disorders, and perfectionism was only related to obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, anxiety sensitivity accounted for substantial unique variance in several disorders (i.e., depression, social anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and panic). We discuss theoretical and clinical implications of these results.
Norm violators as threats and opportunities: The many faces of deviance in groups
Authors: Levine John M. , Marques José M.
Published: July 2016

Group researchers have long been interested in how group members respond to deviance, defined as the violation of prescriptive norms about how members should think, feel, or act. Valuable perspectives on reaction to deviance have been offered by scholars in several disciplines, including social psychology, evolutionary psychology, and sociology. Most of the theoretical and empirical work on reaction to deviance assumes that this behavior has negative consequences for group welfare and hence elicits efforts designed to reduce or eliminate it, including the threat or use of punishment. However, there is increasing interest in the other side of the coin, namely cases in which deviance has positive consequences for group welfare and hence is tolerated or even celebrated. In addition, researchers are also devoting increased attention to the causes of deviance, that is, the reasons why some group members choose to violate prescriptive norms even though doing so may elicit punishment. The papers in this Special Issue, which investigate deviance in a wide range of situations, illustrate cutting-edge work on each of these themes.