bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation by Ozone of Glucocorticoid-Regulating Factors in the Lungs in Relation to Stress Axis Reactivity
Authors: Thomas Jith , Thomson Errol M.
Published: November 2021

Exposure to air pollutants increases levels of circulating glucocorticoid stress hormones that exert profound effects relevant to health and disease. However, the nature and magnitude of tissue-level effects are modulated by factors that regulate local glucocorticoid activity; accordingly, inter-individual differences could contribute to susceptibility. In the present study, we characterized effects of ozone (O3) inhalation on glucocorticoid-regulating factors in the lungs of rat strains with contrasting hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal stress axis responses. Hyper-responsive Fischer (F344) and less responsive Lewis (LEW) rats were exposed to air or 0.8 ppm O3 for 4 h by nose-only inhalation. Levels of the high-specificity and -affinity corticosteroid-binding globulin protein increased in the lungs of both strains proportional to the rise in corticosterone levels following O3 exposure. Ozone reduced the ratio of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSDB1)/HSDB2 mRNA in the lungs of F344 but not LEW, indicating strain-specific transcriptional regulation of the major glucocorticoid metabolism factors that control tissue-level action. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and total elastase activity were increased by O3 in both strains, consistent with extravasation and tissue remodeling processes following injury. However, mRNA levels of inflammatory markers were significantly higher in the lungs of O3-exposed LEW compared to F344. The data show that strain differences in the glucocorticoid response to O3 are accompanied by corresponding changes in regulatory factors, and that these effects are collectively associated with a differential inflammatory response to O3. Innate differences in glucocorticoid regulatory factors may modulate the pulmonary effects of inhaled pollutants, thereby contributing to differential susceptibility.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) Transcriptional Regulation, Latency and Therapy in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Hokello Joseph , Sharma Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar , Tyagi Priya , Bhushan Alok , Tyagi Mudit
Published: November 2021

The central nervous system (CNS) is highly compartmentalized and serves as a specific site of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Therefore, an understanding of the cellular populations that are infected by HIV or that harbor latent HIV proviruses is imperative in the attempts to address cure strategies, taking into account that HIV infection and latency in the CNS may differ considerably from those in the periphery. HIV replication in the CNS is reported to persist despite prolonged combination antiretroviral therapy due to the inability of the current antiretroviral drugs to penetrate and cross the blood–brain barrier. Consequently, as a result of sustained HIV replication in the CNS even in the face of combination antiretroviral therapy, there is a high incidence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). This article, therefore, provides a comprehensive review of HIV transcriptional regulation, latency, and therapy in the CNS.
Attitudes and Intentions toward COVID-19 Vaccination among Health Professions Students and Faculty in Qatar
Authors: Zaidi Amine , Elmasaad Amal , Alobaidli Hend , Sayed Rana , Al-Ali Dana , Al-Kuwari Dana , Al-Kubaisi Shaikha , Mekki Yosra , Emara Mohamed M. , Daher-Nashif Suhad
Published: November 2021

A population’s desire to take the COVID-19 vaccine is an important predictor of a country’s future pandemic management. This cross-sectional study examines the impact of psychological and sociodemographic factors on attitudes toward and intentions to take the COVID-19 vaccine among students and faculty at four colleges of health professions and sciences at Qatar University. The data were collected through an online survey using Google Forms. The survey was distributed through various online platforms. Data analysis was conducted using Stata 16. Of the 364 participants, 9.89% expressed a high mistrust of vaccine safety, and 21.7% were uncertain about their levels of trust; 28% expressed strong worries about unforeseen side effects, whereas 54.95% expressed moderate worries. Furthermore, 7.69% expressed strong concerns and 39.84% showed moderate concerns about commercial profiteering. Approximately 13% of the participants expressed a strong preference towards natural immunity, whilst 45.33% appeared to believe that natural immunity might be better than a vaccine. Importantly, 68.13% of the participants intended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine once it became available, compared to 17.03% who were uncertain and 14.83% who were unwilling to be vaccinated. Our findings differ from the data on vaccine hesitancy among the general population of Qatar. We argue that this gap is due to scientific knowledge and domain of education. Furthermore, although knowledge and awareness may affect vaccine attitudes, mental health and sociodemographic factors play a role in shaping attitudes towards vaccines.
Changes in Behaviors and Attitudes in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccination in Healthcare Workers and University Students in Italy
Authors: Della Polla Giorgia , Pelullo Concetta Paola , Di Giuseppe Gabriella , Angelillo Italo Francesco
Published: November 2021

The objectives of the cross-sectional study were to measure how behaviors and attitudes about preventive measures toward COVID-19 changed over time among Italian vaccinated healthcare workers and university students, and the associated characteristics. The study was carried out between February and March 2021 in the city of Naples, Campania region, Southern Italy. The perceived personal risk of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 after the vaccination was significantly higher among males, in those having a higher perceived personal risk of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 before the vaccination, and in those who were more concerned about the efficacy of the vaccination. The fear of getting the disease as reason to have the COVID-19 vaccination was reported more frequently in younger participants, in those with at least one chronic medical condition, in those with a higher concern about the severity of COVID-19, in those with a higher level of trust in the information received, and in those who acquired information from scientific journals. Overall, 21.3% were willing to engage the three main public health measures (wearing a mask, careful hand washing, physical distancing) after receiving the second dose of the vaccination compared to the behavior before the pandemic began. This willingness was predicted by a higher level of trust in the information received and by a lower self-rated health status. Only 0.1% of participants were willing to engage all three measures after receiving the second dose of the vaccination compared to the behavior before receiving the first dose. These findings are useful in order to develop information strategies regarding vaccine safety and efficacy and the importance of public health measures against COVID-19.
A Medium- and Long-Term Orderly Charging Load Planning Method for Electric Vehicles in Residential Areas
Authors: Xiao Zhaoxia , Zhou Yi , Cao Jianing , Xu Rui
Published: November 2021

Due to the large number of electric vehicles (EVs) connected to the distribution network of residential areas (RAs), community charging has become a major constraint. The planning of the distribution network in RAs needs to consider the orderly charging load of EVs. In the current study, an orderly charging planning method for the charging posts and distribution network of RAs was proposed. First, a charging load forecasting model based on the travel characteristics, charging time, and ownership of EVs in RAs was established. Then, a hierarchical orderly charging optimization method, including a distribution network layer and EV access node layer, was devised. The upper layer optimizes the distribution network. The objective function is the minimum variance of the overall load in the RA and the constraint conditions satisfy the overall charging load demand and the capacity of the distributed network. The lower layer optimizes the EV access nodes. The objective function is the minimum variance of the node access load, and the constraint conditions are to meet the regional charging load demand and the optimal power balance demand transmitted from the upper layer to the lower layer. A nonlinear optimization algorithm is employed to solve these objective functions. An IEEE 33 node example was used to obtain the orderly charging power load curves for weekdays and weekends in RAs, and the simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Serum ANGPTL4 and FGF2, energy-related blood biochemicals, cytokine responses and oxidative stress in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis
Authors: KURTDEDE Efe , KURTDEDE Arif , ÖCAL Naci , KARA Erdal
Published: November 2021

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the serum levels of ANGPTL4, FGF21, IL-1β, IL-6, SOD, MDA, and serum biochemical and hematological parameters in cows with subclinical ketosis. The mean serum β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) level was 1.37 ± 0.04 mmol/L in 10 dairy cows aged 3-5 years that were <21 days postpartum and diagnosed with subclinical ketosis. The mean serum BHB level was 0.40 ± 0.08 mmol/L in 10 healthy dairy cows in the same period and in the same age range. An increase in serum AST (P<0.001) and a decrease in serum albumin levels (P<0.05) indicated altered liver functions. An increase in serum non-esterified fatty acid (P<0.001) and decreases in serum HDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels (P<0.05) were interpreted as indicators of increased metabolic pathology risk due to negative energy balance. Increases in serum ANGPTL4, FGF2, IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA (P<0.001) and SOD levels (P<0.05) were evaluated as indicators of the development of effective metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress.It was concluded that significant increases in serum ANGPTL4, FGF2, IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA and SOD levels in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis were associated with negative energy balance, effective cytokine responses, and oxidative stress.
Analisis Dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Arsip Perkara Dengan Berorientasi Objek
Authors: Yanti Elvi
Published: November 2021

Pengadilan Agama Jambi dituntut untuk selalu memberikan inovasi yang mampu meningkatkan kualitas layanan publik, salah satu aktivitas layanan publik yang terdapat dipengadilan agama jambi adalah memberikan produk hukum yang berupa hasil putusan perkara dimana hampir setiap saat diminta oleh masyarakat yang berperkara. Namun saat ini selalu terkendala dengan pencarian arsip yang memakan waktu relatif lama karena keterbatasan tenaga kerja. Pengelolaan arsip masih dilakukan dengan manual yaitu mencatat dalam buku agenda dan menyimpan-nya didalam kotak arsip, hal ini membuat ruang penyimpanan memakan tempat, di sisi lain proses pencarian arsip memakan waktu yang relatif lama, resiko kerusakan arsip yang tinggi akibat bencana, dan dalam hal ini dianggap tidak efektif dan tidak efisien. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, perlu mengadopsi pendekatan berbasis objek dalam menganalisis dan merancang sistem informasi manajemen arsip perkara dengan tujuan untuk meminimalkan penggunaan ruangan yang digunakan sebagai tempat penyimpanan arsip dan juga dapat memudahkan serta mempercepat pencarian arsip ketika dibutuhkan sehingga tidak lagi membuat masyarakat menunggu terlalu lama hanya untuk mendapatkan produk hukum. Pada proses perancangan menggunakan metode OOAD dengan pemodelan UML, dan menggunakan metode traceability matrix dan pengujian prototype untuk mengevaluasi hasil perancangan sistem. Hasil dari analisis persyaratan terdiri dari 14 fitur, 14 persyaratan fungsional, 3 persyaratan non fungsional, dan 4 aktor terdiri dari 6 use case. Pada tahap evaluasi menggunakan metode traceability matriks dan hasilnya adalah semua persyaratan telah ditentukan. Hasil dari evaluasi menggunakan uji prototipe dimana semua proses adegan telah memenuhi harapan pengguna
Perencanaan Arsitektur Enterprise Klinik Inti Sehat Medika dengan TOGAF ADM
Authors: Agustin Thyara , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Effiyaldi Effiyaldi
Published: November 2021

Pelayanan kesehatan yang tersedia pada Klinik Inti Sehat Medika antara lain poli umum, poli gigi, poli kandungan, dan laboratorium. Pelayanan belum berjalan secara optimal karena aktifitas yang terjadi antar bagian belum didukung dengan layanan informasi dari sistem yang terintegrasi dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang arsitektur enterprise untuk meningkatkan pelayanan bagi stakeholder organisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi TOGAF ADM dengan pendekatan berorientasi objek. Metode ini ditekankan pada empat langkah, yaitu penetapan visi arsitektur sistem informasi, pemodelan arsitektur bisnis, pemodelan arsitektur sistem informasi dan pemodelan arsitektur teknologi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah suatu cetak biru arsitektur sistem informasi berupa usulan-usulan aplikasi untuk setiap sub organisasi yang disusun berdasarkan tingkat prioritas kebutuhan, yang dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pengembangan sistem informasi, sehingga lebih terarah dalam implementasi dan tidak mengganggu kinerja sistem informasi, baik yang sudah ada maupun yang sedang dibangun pada suatu organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan strategisnya.
Perancangan Prototype Sistem Informasi Monitoring Stok Barang pada PT XYZ
Authors: Martono
Published: November 2021

Monitoring is one of the important stages that must be carried out regularly, especially on the stock of goods. With the continuous monitoring process, it is hoped that all goods will always be under supervision so that stock management becomes easier and more accurate. PT XYZ at this time, in monitoring the stock of goods, they still use general applications that are devoted to calculating numbers, resulting in the current stock of monitoring system having several shortcomings, namely the unavailability of the login function and reports that must be reprocessed with the different application. Based on these problems, the authors conducted a research entitled designing a prototype monitoring stock of goods information system at PT XYZ. The information system that built in this study will be defined using the waterfall modeling and use case diagrams. The final result of this research is a prototype of an stock of monitoring information system that allows system users to carry out various functions such as functions to change their own passwords, perform CRUD management of user data, item data, category data, brand data, unit data, vehicles data, supplier data, incoming goods data, outgoing goods data and processing reports that related to the stock of goods at PT XYZ.
Graphic Trauma
Authors: Diedrich Lisa
Published: November 2021

In this essay, I explore examples of what I call graphic trauma and the processof drawing as a form of working through the experience and event of sexual violence. I contend that comics and graphic narratives are a medium well-suited for rendering trauma, and the trauma of sexual violence in particular, as I show in an analysis of Una’s graphic narrative Becoming Unbecoming and Chanel Miller’s animated short film I Am With You. I argue that for both artists, drawing becomes a form of consciousness-raising, a collaborative feminist practice of memory

work that attempts to create conditions – formal, therapeutic, and political – for women to say #MeToo and “we.” In my readings of Una’s and Miller’s draw-ing as working through sexual violence, I also demonstrate close verbal/visual description as a practice of care that keeps the testimony moving, drawing out the feminist practice of memory work in time and space and across modalities. A brief coda at the end of the essay offers an image of a hybrid figure from Miller’s graphic iconography and a concept and practice she calls “the third element.” I argue that this third element functions as a formal provocation for counter- modalities that change the story of sexual assault, creating a portal to resistance and healing.
Teaching English in Early Childhood Education: a Description of the Pedagogical Practice Adopted in the Municipality of Southern Brazil
Authors: Bortolotti Fernanda Seidel , Krause-Lemke Cibele
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate teaching English in Early Childhood Education (ECE) in a municipality of southern Brazil. The country has not agreed to make English language teaching compulsory for this age, but some private schools have introduced English language teaching on the premises .
 Regarding methodology, the experimental study was conducted in schools “A” and “B”. Private school “A” was represented by a teacher with her group of four-year-old children. State school “B” was attended by two representatives of the volunteer program who worked with a group of five-year-olds. The research tools were observation in the classroom from each group, questionnaires answered by the teacher and volunteers, individual interviews with each of them, and a documentary analysis of the pedagogical project of schools, pedagogical materials. The experiment was conducted in compliance with all ethical standards.
The analysis resulted in an understanding of the importance of such aspects as: duration and frequency of classes, the number of groups, lack of books for students and teachers, limited use of English by teachers and students; and the predominance of listening/speaking among other students' skills in both schools. The teacher and the volunteers jointly acknowledged this advantage, noting that different techniques were used. Each group of teachers tried to improve the learning process, taking into account the preferences of the students. The volunteers of school “B” followed the structured plan of the lesson according to the program, used various types of activities. In school “A” the teacher used one type of activity at the lesson. Although the group had four-year-old children, it did not have significant negative consequences.
According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the approach proposed by the teachers is based on teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). The development of language education in Brazil has a long way , given the establishment of public policy on еarly сhildhood еducation system in combination with theoretical and practical researches used in the educational process.
Quality of Distance Learning in Kirovohrad Region, Ukraine, During Quarantine Restrictions
Authors: Voloshyna Olga
Published: November 2021

The issue of distance learning became relevant in early spring 2020 due to quarantine measures caused by the pandemic. The issue of transition to distance learning for all levels of education has become acute and lightning fast. In the conditions of globalization of the modern world, when information and timeliness of its receipt play a decisive role in competitive advantage, the content of education changes dramatically. The competitiveness of human capital is directly correlated with the requirements of the new information society, in which the knowledge aging is significantly reduced, and new opportunities for their acquisition will appear. A promising and extremely relevant area of modern higher education development under quarantine, as well as integration into European and world education is the active introduction of distance learning technologies in the educational process. The article analyzes the monitoring study of the general secondary educational institutions of Kirovograd region students’ parents attitude to distance learning. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of distance learning quality during quarantine restrictions.
Research methods include general scientific methodology of research and principles of a systematic approach; case study methods.
The results of the study are considered and the current state of quality assurance of general secondary education has been analyzed. The data obtained during the monitoring should be considered as an information basis for effective management of the educational process, to improve its content, methodological and organizational aspects.
Conclusions. The most important elements of distance learning should be: the creation of practical situations during the educational process, the opportunity for students to express themselves constantly, self-realization, educational process clarity, its individualization, technical and technological support of distance education. Successful solution of the problem of effective implementation and harmonious development of distance education in Ukraine will increase the quality level, higher education accessibility, integration of the national education system into scientific, research and production, social and cultural information infrastructure of the European / world community.
The COVID-19 Pandemic May Force the World to Reflect on the Pre-Pandemic Style of Life
Authors: Yazdani Farzaneh , Rezaee Mehdi , Rassafiani Mehdi , Roberts Dave , Abu-Zurayk Wa’d , Amarlooee Mousa
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a lot of changes on an individual and societal level. The current study was designed to investigate the impact of the isolation/ social distancing period on people’s sense of Being, Belonging, and Becoming at the early stages of the COVID-19 measures. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study design was employed utilizing a researcher-developed questionnaire with items developed based on the Model of Occupational Wholeness to investigate the changes that may have happened to what people have been doing during the COVID-19 measures compared to the time before. A sample of 1206, using snowball sampling, responded to the online questionnaire. Results: Findings indicated that participants at the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic had changed the pattern of their doings. The change of pattern, which was considered positive, was in relation to people valuing their health, having more time to take care of themselves, and doing activities which they had never had enough time to do before. Conclusion: While these findings are not generalizable, they provide some insights into how the post-pandemic lifestyle of many people does not permit doing a lot of activities that could help with their health and well-being. While enforced isolation may have negative consequences, it is also clear that the pre-COVID-19 pandemic lifestyle did not fully support healthy living. Reflecting on the COVID-19 lockdown experience provides an opportunity to review the essential personal and societal elements for living a healthy life.
Race, Ethnicity, Education, Poverty, and First Cigarette Flavor
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Research shows that race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) have multiplicative rather than additive effects on the risk of cigarette smoking. In a national sample of American adult smokers, this study tested (1) the effects of race, ethnicity, educational attainment, and poverty status on first cigarette flavor in a national sample of American adult smokers, and (2) racial and ethnic differences in the effects of educational attainment and poverty status on first cigarette flavor. Methods: This cross-sectional study entered 22,144 ever-smoker adults who had participated in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH; 2013), a nationally representative study in the US. Independent variables were race, ethnicity, educational attainment, and poverty status. There were three dependent variables: initiating smoking using any, menthol/mint, and candy/fruit-flavored cigarettes. Age, sex, and region were the covariates. Results: Black individuals had higher odds of initiating smoking using menthol/mint-flavored cigarettes (OR=3.86, 95% CI=3.55-4.20), and Hispanics had higher odds of initiating smoking using candy/fruit-flavored cigarettes (OR=1.79, 95% CI=1.44-2.21). Overall, individuals with higher education had lower odds of initiating smoking using menthol/mint-flavored cigarettes (OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.92- 0.96), but higher odds of candy/fruit-flavored cigarettes (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.26-1.45). Living out of poverty was not associated with initiating smoking using flavored cigarettes. Conclusion: In the US, race, ethnicity, and SES show multiplicative rather than additive effects on first cigarette flavor.
Diversity of Lactococcus garvieae by Genomic Approaches
Authors: KUMRU Salih
Published: November 2021

Lactococcus garvieae is the Gram-positive cocci bacteria known as the causative agent of infectious systemic disease. It causes fatal hemorrhagic septicemia in mainly cultured fish species, animals, and humans worldwide. Comparative genome analyses provide valuable information about genome identification and unique genomic features. In this study, the available L. garvieae genomes are evaluated by comparative genomics approaches. The results indicated that there are four distinct genetic groups of L. garvieae based on the Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) value. The phylogenetic tree was produced using 16S rRNA sequence has similar genetic variances with the publicly available L. garvieae genome data on NCBI and supports the ANI value. In silico analysis of antimicrobial resistance revealed that each L. garvieae genome groups have unique antimicrobial resistance class genes, even though, all genomes have a common antibiotic-resistant class. Analyzing results of the antimicrobial resistance supports the L. garvieae genetic variations. This extensively comparative approach will provide new insights into the understanding of L. garvieae genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance.
La dinámica económica del uso de la bicicleta y su impacto en el desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Valdéz Sánchez Isela Claudia , Pérez Dávila Esperanza
Published: November 2021

Actualmente, las ciudades concentran una gran parte de las actividades económicas y sociales y representan una oportunidad y un estilo de vida para muchas personas. Sin embargo, la presencia de externalidades como la contaminación y una mala calidad de vida, han ocasionado que, en general, se diseñen alternativas para que las ciudades no solo representen crecimiento económico, sino también un desarrollo sostenible a partir de la realización de políticas públicas. El uso de la bicicleta es una práctica que interviene en la dinámica económica de una manera viable y positiva y se presenta como una alternativa para mejorar la movilidad urbana, reduciendo el tiempo de traslado, sobre todo si se tiene una infraestructura adecuada para los ciclistas. Se trata de que la bicicleta no solo sea un modo de transporte que apoye al medio ambiente y a la salud del usuario, sino que también intervenga en las actividades económicas que puedan generar un crecimiento para los países y una importancia en la cultura vial y ambiental.
Analysis Of Three Layer Concentric Tube Heat Exchange Using Mathematic Modeling
Authors: Valendry Rinaldy
Published: November 2021

A three-channel concentric pipes heat exchanger is a development or improvement of a two-channel concentric heat exchange apparatus. This study was conducted to determine the output temperature of each channel, and compare the results of theoretical calculations using mathematical modeling of experimental results conducted in the field. So that obtained difference of value between result of experiment to result of theory calculation. In this study have 3 variations of temperature data that is 50 °C, 55°C, and 60 °C with two streams namely CounterFlow and PararellFLow and discharge 2.5 l/minute, while cold fluid with 25 °C discharge 1.5 l/minute. From the above analysis it can be concluded that the temperature of the hot fluid coming out of the APK in the experiment tends to be higher than the temperature of the hot fluid coming out of the APK on theoretical calculations of mathematical modeling methods. Meanwhile, the cold cold fluid temperature coming out of the APK in experimental tends to be lower than the temperature of the cold fluid coming out of the APK on theoretical calculations of mathematical modeling methods.
Implementation Of Encryption And Hidden Data Using Tiny Encryption Algorithm And End Of File
Authors: Alfian Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Security and confidentiality of data is one important aspect of an information system. The information can be misused very large losses in high-profile cases such as vital information confidential corporate, customer data banks and etc. Information security solutions in one of them can be used with cryptography. Cryptographic algorithms used in this study is a tiny encryption algorithm. Cryptographic data security attacks can always wear can occur, with this in mind the authors added security techniques to perform data hiding with the media as a placeholder, this term is called steganography. Steganography is used in this study is the end of the file. These techniques make the process of data hiding which is located at the end of the image, so it does not affect the image quality of the reservoir. In this study, a system built using microsoft visual studio 2010 C#. This system can work well, but has a color image blur caused to the container caused by the inserted message, where the greater the size of the message was inserted then color the image blur that arises will be many more.
Comité de ética hospitalaria: una instancia ineludible para el nutricionista clínico
Authors: Pérez Iván
Published: November 2021

El acelerado avance de la medicina y los cambios en la relación médico-paciente han significado un aumento en la complejidad de las decisiones clínicas, lo que da origen a problemas ético/clínicos; es decir, aquellos en los que están involucrados conflictos de valor. Estos consisten en una dificultad para especificar lo que debe hacerse y no solo lo que puede hacerse o frecuentemente se hace. En este contexto surgen los comités de ética hospitalaria, que son órganos consultivos de carácter multidisciplinario, cuyo objetivo es ayudar al equipo sanitario a tomar las mejores decisiones terapéuticas en casos particulares. Cuando se consultan, estos comités deliberan en torno al problema ético-clínico, utilizando una metodología y una sistematización del análisis, teniendo como referencia las distintas corrientes de fundamentación ética. La interconsulta ética individual es una opción complementaria a los comités de ética. Los motivos más frecuentes de consulta ética son la adecuación del esfuerzo terapéutico y los conflictos relacionados con el ejercicio de la autonomía del paciente. Ambos aspectos están involucrados en los dilemas éticos, asociados con la nutrición e hidratación administrada artificialmente en distintos contextos clínicos, como en la anorexia nerviosa, la demencia avanzada, el paciente terminal en cuidados paliativos, en estados de mínima consciencia y en el estado vegetativo persistente crónico; por tanto, el nutricionista clínico puede considerar la consulta al comité de ética hospitalario cuando enfrente decisiones difíciles de su especialidad. Palabras clave: comités de ética, ética, nutrición.
Huelga de hambre, alimentación forzada y responsabilidad profesional: alcance y consideraciones éticas
Authors: Reyes-Arellano Francisca , Razazi Fuenzalida Josefina
Published: November 2021

El problema de la huelga de hambre no es nada sencillo, y se ha discutido ampliamente desde las más diversas tradiciones filosóficas. Esta manifestación, como forma de protesta, requiere un análisis interdisciplinar que integre aspectos éticos, médicos y jurídicos. La huelga de hambre implica la decisión voluntaria de privarse de alimentos para obtener el reconocimiento efectivo de un derecho no admitido o vulnerado. Este mecanismo se utiliza como medio de presión, mediante una amplia publicidad del acto del huelguista. Una discusión moral relevante se plantea ante la cuestión de la legitimidad de administrar alimentos en contra de la voluntad del huelguista, cuando su estado de salud está gravemente deteriorado por el ayuno prolongado. Teniendo en cuenta las consecuencias fisiológicas y neurológicas que ello conlleva, cabe preguntarse razonablemente si existe verdadera libertad y competencia cuando el huelguista manifiesta el rechazo a cualquier tratamiento médico y, en consecuencia, persiste en la continuación de la huelga, hasta llegar a la muerte, si es necesario. El presente trabajo pretende analizar la legitimidad de la alimentación forzada, teniendo en cuenta los efectos fisiológicos y neurológicos que provoca el ayuno prolongado, que podrían tener un efecto determinante en la voluntad del huelguista a la hora de rechazar la alimentación. Conviene precisar que no se trata de cuestionar los motivos que inducen a la adopción de una huelga de hambre, ni la autonomía que el huelguista pudiera tener en un principio, sino sobre las decisiones adoptadas cuando ya es posible evidenciar los efectos físicos y psicológicos del ayuno. Palabras clave: huelga de hambre, alimentación forzada, bioética, suicidio.
Educación física en Bogotá (Colombia) durante el siglo XX: Juego-Cuerpo, posibilidades o imaginarios en la escuela básica primaria
Authors:   , Bautista Salcedo Edilson Efraín
Published: November 2021

La elaboración de esta tesis tiene como objeto fundamental la búsqueda del papel de la Educación Física en Bogotá (Colombia) durante el siglo XX en la escuela básica primaria, debido a que actualmente se está viendo como un área optativa dentro de gran parte el contexto escolar. Por otro lado, simplemente ha sido relegada por otra serie de actividades extracurriculares tales como la pintura, las escuelas de formación deportiva, de ocio y tiempo libre etc., dejando entredicho su importancia y en donde es posible discernir que ha perdido identidad en el sistema educativo. Lo que pretendo por ende es realizar una historiografía (genealógica) que demuestre en que propuestas curriculares durante la evolución de la Educación Física en Bogotá (Colombia) en el siglo XX se ha mantenido, desligado, y reforzado la vinculación del juego – cuerpo en la escuela y así reconocer; si los proyectos actuales de la educación colombiana tienen inmerso, dichos elementos dentro del plan de estudios. Evidentemente, las mismas políticas educativas del país en los ámbitos (social, político, religioso,cultural, etc.) se han encargado de ubicar a personas no especializadas y/o no capacitadas; en donde a mi modo de ver el conocimiento debe estar enfocado a la construcción y reconstrucción mas no a la repetición – trasmisión de saberes en el direccionamiento de procesos educativos, sin saber si son los más adecuados para la consecución de un sujeto con diversas capacidades por desarrollar. Para finalizar puedo decir que la única manera de asistir a un cambio, a una identidad de nuestra disciplina es con hechos, soportes teóricos y en esa suma de opiniones dentro del mismo profesorado se debe incluir una temática en donde se evalué no solo la presencia de los elementos a los que dedique mi investigación juego-cuerpo sino que también se analice la veracidad de los lineamientos por parte de los docentes de las instituciones educativas de nuestro país.
Geospatial web application to support climate change research in Кazakhstan
Authors: Abiyeva Dinara , Karagulova Рoza , Nysanbaeva Aiman , Abayev Nurlan , Urazbayeva Gulzhamila , Radusnova Olga , Sharapkhanova Zhanerke , Tolepbaeva Akmaral
Published: November 2021

Climate change modelling data is represented by large datasets that require certain expertise and computational resources for its transformation and adjustment to user needs. Geospatial web applications and geoportals are considered as a solution to this problem in this article. Global web resources do not provide geoinformation services for research on climate change in Kazakhstan due to aggregation or low resolution of the source data coupled with limited functionality for interactive geo-visualization and data analysis.

The article describes the web application “Kazakhstan Climate Change” developed by the authors, the purpose of which is aimed at supporting research on spatial-temporal patterns of climate change in Kazakhstan. The data derived from CMIP5 models served as the source data. Based on the initial indicators such as temperature and precipitation, using the developed Python scripts and R Climpact climate script packages, additional indicators such as evapotranspiration, drought indices, heat supply indices and indices of the length of the growing season were calculated in order to determine the impact of climate change on water resources and agriculture. The key advantages of the web application include time-series geo-visualization, interactive generation of diagrams and tables for analysis, in particular for selected units of water management zoning.

The geospatial web application “Kazakhstan Climate Change” responds to the challenges of presenting large climate datasets in the easy-to-perceive style and in an easily comprehensible way for geospatial analysis. The functionality of the web application allows users, without GIS skills, to explore climate change scenarios on their own, this opportunity is of practical value for scientific and educational community, for policymakers in the field of climate change and water resources management.
USING BENCHMARK TESTS FOR RESEARCH STATE MEMORY ENCODING IN FINITE STATE MACHINE
Authors: Zaichenko Olga , Zaichenko Nataliia , Galkin Pavlo , Tsekhmistro Roman
Published: November 2021

Abstract?The synthesizer will automatically assign the state memory codes based on the most effective use of the target technology (e.g., binary, gray code, one-hot) in FPGA. But exists alternative, when user by himself choose type of memory encoding. There was considered user defined state coding method for Quartus Altera. Keywords?FPGA, finite state machine, state memory, memory coding, synthesizer, one-hot, sequential, johnson, optimization, speed of performance
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TESTBENCH BASE ON STM32 MICROCONTROLLER AND EXPANSION MODULE
Authors: Litvinenko Tatiana , Kuznetsov Mikhail , Galkin Pavlo
Published: November 2021

Abstract The purpose of the development is to create a test layout on the STM32 microcontroller F103C8 series and expansion module. Performing this work had to consider the following steps: analysis of similar devices and expansion modules; develop the spatial structure of the device and its layout; develop the design of the printing module; conduct testing; integrate the test layout and expansion module. Keywords: STM32, microcontroller, expansion module, testbench, F103C8, SPI, I2C, GPIO, testing.
Los nuevos movimientos de lo político y la política en tiempos de fin del mundo
Authors: Barria-Asenjo Nicol A.
Published: November 2021

The present document emerges as an attempt to ask a general question in the face of the contemporary political situation. It proposes to think of our historical evolution as an imminently politicized period in the history of humanity. However, with the advent and often increasing use of the concept of depoliticization, the current nuances become confusing. The aim of this paper was to think about the concepts on which current debates revolve. From that place, approaches to concepts such as politics, politician, left, right and depoliticization are generated to finally be superficially linked to the scenario of the State of Chile.
MIGRATION RISKS AND THREATS TO STABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AS STRATEGIC OBJECTS OF REGULATORY POLICY
Authors: Mulska Olha
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Stable development of the national economy in the context of globalization, and consequently the high level of migration activity of the population, correlates with the effectiveness of state policy of migration management. Socio-economic results of regulatory policy are determined by proactive mechanisms for managing migration risks and threats that have a significant impact on the socio-economic and demographic system of the country (GDP, inflation, consumer demand, capitalization of human potential, population, etc.).
Purpose. Identification of migration risks and threats for the donor country and the recipient country of human resources as an element of ensuring the stable development of the national economy.
Method (methodology). Theories of migration, securitization, economic development, and risk management became the theoretical and scientific-methodical basis of the research. During research it is used such methods and approaches as logical generalization and synthesis are used for formation of the basic conclusions and offers of research, graphic for visualization of the results of identification of migration risks and threats.
Results. It is established that migration risks are losses of the economic system and social sphere of the country due to the outflow of human resources and negative consequences that arise because of inefficient management of migration transfers. Migration risks for the donor country are divided into two channels (money transfers and human resources). Considering the channel of human resources outflow, three spheres of migration threats were identified: demographic (deepening demographic crisis, lack of capitalization of human potential determinants, increasing divorce rates, declining marriage rates, rising mortality rate among economically active population, population decline, social depopulation). outflow of intellectual elite, deepening social inequality, shortage of workers, spread of social orphanhood, distant and multinational families, disappearance of the middle class, devaluation of higher education) and economic (reduction of GDP, increasing labour market imbalance, increasing inflation due to inflation), reduction of business income, transformational changes in the capital and labour markets), the strengthening of which leads to systemic risks.
EVOLUTION OF “WELFARE” CONCEPT AND MODERN APPROACHES TO DETERMINATION OF IT’S COMPONENTS
Authors: Pinchuk Anastasiia
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes and systematizes the scientific views of economists of the classical and neoclassical periods on the definition of welfare and the factors that affect it, the marginalist approach and the classics of modern economic thought in the welfare of the population. The generalization of views of scientists of different periods on the concept of determining welfare at different times, the change of focus in the study of welfare – from social to individual, which changed with the evolution of the place and role of man in economics - from resource material, the subject of labor supply, to agent of innovative thought and change factor. Based on the systematization of materials and generalizations, the author's scheme of evolution of the concept of well-being in the development of economic thought is constructed, which reflects the main periods of economic thought from XVIII to XXI century and the main defining ideas of each period, which influenced the specifics of understanding the well-being of each period. A number of modern approaches to determining the welfare of people in different countries, including representatives of Ukrainian economic thought, special attention is paid to the transition from purely material factors of welfare to socio-environmental and educational and medical criteria for society. It is emphasized that even at the present stage of the study the list of human well-being factors is far from exhaustive, as it often does not include psychological, emotional and spiritual aspects of human well-being. An author's schematic three-level approach to the most relevant modern definition of human well-being components has been developed and proposed, which includes: basic or material level of well-being, average or psychological-emotional level, and higher or spiritual level. It is emphasized that the satisfaction from useless charitable deeds, or the ability to realize their individual abilities can many times exceed, quantitatively and qualitatively, the satisfaction obtained from the possession or use of material goods, provided that the person is not below poverty and has no other serious threats to its existence.
PROSPECTS OF USING THE ABC METHOD IN ECONOMIC PRACTICE OF ENTERPRISES
Authors: Yaskal Ihor , Yaskal Oksana , Stasiuk Igor
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The traditional system of calculating the cost of production by the complete expenses has performed an accounting function but carries overhead (indirect) costs to the cost of certain products only in proportion to the volume of its outputs. That is why it has a number of shortcomings, which are particularly acute in market conditions: it does not provide for the distribution of costs by functions and actions, does not provide reliable calculation, the objectivity of assessment and market pricing.
Results. It has been calculated and compared the cost of the main products of the enterprise in the research (on the example of LLC "Design and Construction Company" RIKA") by the method of calculation by the complete expenses and the method of ABC. It has been established that when calculating by the complete expenses there is an insufficient share of overhead costs which refers to the cost of products produced in smaller quantities and vice versa. It has been determined that using the method of calculating the cost by the complete expenses leads to unjustified overstatement of the share of overhead costs in the cost of products with a significant share of direct labour and material costs ( namely: construction of facilities and production of concrete products) and the share of overhead costs in the cost of products with a small number of direct labour costs and materials is insignificant (namely: the production of mixtures and the development of documentation). It has been calculated relative savings of unit cost (construction of facilities, production of concrete products) from the application of the ABC method. It has been also determined that it is advisable to change the approach to the pricing of such products as the production of mixtures and the development of documentation, as their cost is higher than the accounting. This indicates the unprofitable price for the company of these products and the need for management decisions or the abandonment of these products or a change in pricing policy.
Application. The application of the ABC method in the distribution of enterprise costs could identify new benchmarks in product cost management, provided that existing accounting is adapted to this method.
Kejadian Stunting dengan Perkembangan Motorik Halus Pada Balita
Authors: Calista Vania Petrina , Larasati T A , Sayekti Wuryaningsih Dwi
Published: November 2021

Pendahuluan: stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan fisik pada anak yang dicirikan mempunyai tubuh pendek serta ditandai dengan terganggunya perkembangan otak. Tujuan : penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kejadian stunting dengan perkembangan motorik halus pada balita. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Juli 2021. Pengambilan sampel dengan total sampling sebanyak 50 balita. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar observasi. Analisis data menggunakan persentase dan uji Chi-Square. Hasil: Sebagian besar balita dalam kondisi tidak stunting sebanyak 40% dan perkembangan motorik halus yang tidak sesuai dengan usianya sebanyak 52%. Simpulan: dalam penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian stunting dengan perkembangan motorik halus pada balita. Bagi masyarakat dapat lebih memperhatikan pola asuh dan pemberian makanan yang bergizi sehingga dapat mengurangi angka kematian anak akibat stunting serta acuan untuk perancangan program kesehatan dalam rangka meningkatkan derajat kesehatan pada balita