bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abdominal only CPR during cardiac arrest for a patient with an LVAD during resternotomy: A case report
Authors: Rottenberg Eric M , Heard Jarrett , Hamlin Robert , Sun Benjamin C , Awad Hamdy
Published: July 2011

We present a case in which a patient with a previous sternotomy and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation developed cardiac arrest during resternotomy for LVAD exchange. The surgeon refused chest compressions for fear of potential damage to the inflow cannula directly beneath the sternum. The perioperative team had no alternatives to external cardiac massage other than rapid deployment of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation for mechanical support, so the anesthesiologist advised the nursing personnel to perform abdominal only cardiopulmonary resuscitation while the surgeon performed a femoral bypass to cannulate the groin for extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation support.
Dynamic monitors of brain function: a new target in neurointensive care unit
Authors: Bosco Enrico , Marton Elisabetta , Feletti Alberto , Scarpa Bruno , Longatti Pierluigi , Zanatta Paolo , Giorgi Emanuele , Sorbara Carlo
Published: July 2011

Introduction

Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recordings and continuous electroencephalography (EEG) are important tools with which to predict Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores. Their combined use may potentially allow for early detection of neurological impairment and more effective treatment of clinical deterioration.

Methods

We followed up 68 selected comatose patients between 2007 and 2009 who had been admitted to the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of Treviso Hospital after being diagnosed with subarachnoid haemorrhage (51 cases) or intracerebral haemorrhage (17 cases). Quantitative brain function monitoring was carried out using a remote EEG-SEP recording system connected to a small amplification head box with 28 channels and a multimodal stimulator (NEMO; EBNeuro, Italy NeMus 2; EBNeuro S.p.A., Via P. Fanfani 97/A - 50127 Firenze, Italy). For statistical analysis, we fit a binary logistic regression model to estimate the effect of brain function monitoring on the probability of GOS scores equal to 1. We also designed a proportional odds model for GOS scores, depending on amplitude and changes in both SEPs and EEG as well as on the joint effect of other related variables. Both families of models, logistic regression analysis and proportional odds ratios, were fit by using a maximum likelihood test and the partial effect of each variable was assessed by using a likelihood ratio test.

Results

Using the logistic regression model, we observed that progressive deterioration on the basis of EEG was associated with an increased risk of dying by almost 24% compared to patients whose condition did not worsen according to EEG. SEP decreases were also significant; for patients with worsening SEPs, the odds of dying increased to approximately 32%. In the proportional odds model, only modifications of Modified Glasgow Coma Scale scores and SEPs during hospitalisation statistically significantly predicted GOS scores. Patients whose SEPs worsened during the last time interval had an approximately 17 times greater probability of a poor GOS score compared to the other patients.

Conclusions

The combined use of SEPs and continuous EEG monitoring is a unique example of dynamic brain monitoring. The temporal variation of these two parameters evaluated by continuous monitoring can establish whether the treatments used for patients receiving neurocritical care are properly tailored to the neurological changes induced by the lesions responsible for secondary damage.
Possibly Impossible Patients: Management of Difficult Behavior in Oncology Outpatients
Authors: Peteet John R. , Meyer Fremonta L. , Miovic Michael K.
Published: July 2011

The ethos of comprehensive cancer centers to extend care “without limits” makes these institutions particularly vulnerable to encouraging unrealistic expectations and the accompanying unacceptable behavior of troubled patients and family members. Multidisciplinary support for primary clinicians is essential.
Degree of Variability in Performance on Breast Cancer Quality Indicators: Findings From the Florida Initiative for Quality Cancer Care
Authors: Gray Jhanelle E. , Laronga Christine , Siegel Erin M. , Lee Ji-Hyun , Fulp William J. , Fletcher Michelle , Schreiber Fred , Brown Richard , Levine Richard , Cartwright Thomas , Abesada-Terk Guillermo , Kim George , Alemany Carlos , Faig Douglas , Sharp Philip , Markham Merry-Jennifer , Shibata David , Malafa Mokenge , Jacobsen Paul B.
Published: July 2011

The Florida Initiative for Quality Cancer Care has identified how multiple aspects of breast cancer care can be improved.
Implementation of Electronic Checklists in an Oncology Medical Record: Initial Clinical Experience
Authors: Albuquerque Kevin V. , Miller Alexis A. , Roeske John C.
Published: July 2011

Electronic checklists can ensure standardization of procedures and provide documentation that pretreatment checks have been performed.
What Do People Affected by Cancer Think About Electronic Health Information Exchange? Results From the 2010 LIVESTRONG Electronic Health Information Exchange Survey and the 2008 Health Information National Trends Survey
Authors: Beckjord Ellen B. , Rechis Ruth , Nutt Stephanie , Shulman Lawrence , Hesse Bradford W.
Published: July 2011

Responses to a 2010 survey by LIVESTRONG showed that, compared with the general population, persons affected by cancer had greater enthusiasm for electronic information exchange between patients and health care providers. Especially valued were security and privacy of communication.
A practical solution to combining dating and screening for Down's syndrome
Authors: Chudleigh Trish , Loughna Pam , Evans Tony
Published: July 2011

The offer of combined Down's syndrome screening to all pregnant women in England requires accurate estimation of gestational age. The guidance issued by the British Medical Ultrasound Society (BMUS) in 2009 recommends dating by crown rump length (CRL) up to 13 weeks 0 days and by head circumference (HC) after this gestation. The guidance issued by the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme (FASP) in 2010 states that combined screening for Down's syndrome is the recommended strategy. Combined screening requires the measurement of nuchal translucency, which should be performed when the CRL is between 45.0 and 84.0 mm. Uncertainty exists as to how best to combine the BMUS dating guidance and the FASP Down's syndrome screening guidance in routine practice. The solution proposed by the authors is to date the pregnancy by CRL up to and including 84.0 mm and to date using HC when the CRL is greater than 84.0 mm, irrespective of whether or not Down's syndrome screening is requested. Screening for Down's syndrome should be by combined screening when the CRL is between 45.0 and 84.0 mm. Where the CRL is greater than 84.0 mm, screening for Down's syndrome should be by maternal serum quadruple testing, performed after 14 weeks and two days.
Layer Charge Density of Smectites — Closing the Gap Between the Structural Formula Method and the Alkyl Ammonium Method
Authors: Kaufhold Stephan , Dohrmann Reiner , Stucki Joseph W. , Anastácio Alexandre S.
Published: July 2011

The layer charge density (LCD) of montmorillonite represents the permanent negative charge, its most important property. The LCD can be determined by two different methods, the structural formula method(SF M) and the alkylammonium method (AAM). Other methods of determining the LCD are calibrated against one or the other of these. The results of the two methods differ systematically: SFM values are larger than AAM values and the difference increases with increasing layer charge density. In the present study, the critical parameters of both methods were considered quantitatively in order to identify the most likely reason for the systematic difference. One particularly important argument against the validity of the SFM is that typical SFM values correspond to unrealistically large CEC values that have never been reported. In addition, SFM does not consider the variable charge which causes cations to be adsorbed to the outer surface (at pH >4). In contrast to minor constituents, which can of course also affect SFM values, the variable charge can explain only part of the systematic difference. The exchange of pure smectite samples with both Cu-trien andalkyla mmonium revealedthe presence of non-exchangeable, nonstructural cations (Na, K, Ca). These cations, together with 10% (or more) variable charge, may explain the differences in LCD values. The non-exchangeable, non-structural cations could stem from undetected traces of feldspar or volcanic glass. The present samples indicated that the systematic difference in LCD values between the two methods is related to the amount of non-exchangeable, non-structural cations only, indicating that the two LCD methods probe different features of smectites. Using the SFM on pure smectite provides a value for the total number of charges (permanent with andwithout fixed (= non-exchangeable, non-structural) cations plus variable charge). The AAM, on the other hand, provides the charge density of the exchangeable cations (without variable charge).
Evaluation of the MassTrak Immunosuppressant XE Kit for the determination of everolimus and cyclosporin A in human whole blood employing isotopically labeled internal standards
Authors: Ji Misuk , Kim Sollip , Chung Hee-Jung , Lee Woochang , Chun Sail , Min Won-Ki
Published: July 2011

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is widely used for therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants given to transplant recipients. This study evaluated the performance of the newly introduced MassTrak Immunosuppressant XE Kit (Waters Corporation; “the Kit”) in the determination of everolimus and cyclosporin A (CsA) using LC-MS/MS.

The linearity, precision, detection limit, carryover and matrix effect of the Kit and comparison of the in-house method and Kit procedure were evaluated according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.

The Kit afforded good linearity in the measurement of everolimus from 2 to 26 ng/mL (R

The Kit employing isotopically labeled internal standards provides reliable measurements of immunosuppressant levels over a broad range of concentrations.
Cloud Computing — An Industry Perspective
Authors: Breiter Gerd , Spatzier Thomas , Behrendt Michael
Published: July 2011

Cloud computing is a new way in which IT is provided and consumed, enabling a gain in flexibility and cost-efficiency. In this paper, we give an industry perspective on cloud computing, discussing both consumer aspects as well as provider aspects that go along with that phenomenon. We present cloud computing as an evolutionary step based on advances in technology and economy, and in essence as the industrialization of IT. We will have a closer look at the concept of cloud services, including aspect like service templates, or service lifecycle, and we present an architecture enabling the efficient management of a cloud. Finally, we elaborate on aspects such as security and trust as well as standardization.
An Approach to XML Information Retrieval in Distributed Systems
Authors: Winter Judith
Published: July 2011

Modern search engines are quite successful in finding relevant documents by using Information Retrieval techniques. However, the centralized architecture of systems such as Google raises concerns in regard of the possibility to censure and to manipulate information. Promising alternatives are peer-to-peer search engines that organize themselves without any central index. We propose a distributed search engine that exploits XML structure of documents in order to improve effectiveness (search quality) and efficiency (resources) of the search. The developed system is based on a set of equal and autonomous peers. It is the first solution of its kind worldwide for distributed XML-Retrieval.
In Situ Tooth Replica Custom Implant: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Stress and Strain Analysis
Authors: Ghuneim Wael Aly
Published: July 2011

This study is a phase of a biomechanical study, a part of a research program concerned with the new concept of in situ tooth replication. The purpose of the study was to evaluate tooth replica under each of two possible circumstances: (1) attachment via periodontal ligament and (2) osseointegration. Replicas were made of Cortoss, a bioactive glass, bone substitute. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was used to assess the stresses and strains resulting from each of 2 types of loads: off-vertical pressure and vertical point force acting on natural mandibular second premolar and corresponding replicas. Natural tooth tolerated 19 MPa pressure or 85 N vertical force, periodontally attached replica tolerated 15 MPa pressure or 80 N force, and osseointegrated replica tolerated 23 MPa pressure or 217 N force.
FLT3 Inhibition as Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Record of Trials and Tribulations
Authors: Fathi Amir T. , Chabner Bruce A.
Published: July 2011

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Incorporate FLT3 mutational status into the initial diagnostic evaluation of AML to acquire prognostic information and guide the aggressiveness of consolidative therapy.Select FLT3-mutant patients to participate in clinical trials of FLT3 inhibitors in order to help provide important insight into the future utility and promise of these compounds as adjuncts to therapy.

This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis. Approximately one quarter of the patients with AML also carry an internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation in the gene encoding FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), which has a significantly deleterious impact on prognosis. The ITD mutation renders FLT3 constitutively active and leads to uncontrolled proliferation of the leukemic blast. Over the course of the last decade, a variety of compounds have been developed in preclinical and clinical studies as potent inhibitors of FLT3. Many of the earlier agents under investigation, such as lestaurtinib, midostaurin, and sunitinib, were initially developed as inhibitors of other tyrosine kinases and as targeted therapies in a variety of malignancies. These compounds have been demonstrated to have some efficacy in clinical trials of AML, mainly manifesting as transient decreases in circulating blasts correlating with effective in vivo suppression of the FLT3 target. Nevertheless, the cumbersome pharmacokinetics of some compounds and the suboptimal specificity and potency of others have limited their therapeutic efficacy. In the last few years, newer, more potent and specific agents have been under investigation, with the leading example being AC220. This agent has shown significant promise in early phases of clinical investigation, and is currently in more advanced clinical trials. Hope remains that FLT3 inhibition will be become an effective therapeutic adjunct to our current treatment approach to AML.
68.1: Capacitance‐Voltage Characteristics of Top Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes for Mobile Display Application
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Lee Kang‐Ju , Kim Min‐ki , Kim Jong‐sung , Yoo Choong‐keun , Oh Hyong‐Yoon , Yoon Sooyoung , Kim Chang‐Dong , Hwang Yong‐Kee
Published: July 2011

In this paper, Capacitance‐Voltage (CV) measurements as a powerful technique to analyze electric properties of Top emitting OLED (TOLED) devices are introduced. After comparing CV characteristics between inverted TOLED and conventional TOLED with thin metal, it is found that inverted OLED struggles charge injection, especially electron injection. Here Current‐Voltage‐Luminance (IVL) and CV characteristics are carefully analyzed for single carrier devices and dual carrier devices systematically. Top emitting OLED (TOLED) with thin metal cathode shows more efficient electron injection and higher efficiency than that of inverted OLED, which is attributed to the order of thermal deposition of organic/metal layers.
68.2: Using Rigorous Electromagnetic Analysis in Modeling OLEDs with Gratings
Authors: Yeh Wen‐Lan , Chiou Yih‐Peng , Lin Chun‐Liang , Chen Chieh‐Wei , Lee Chung‐Chun
Published: July 2011

We present a stable and efficient electromagnetic analysis for the influence of grating on light extraction in organic light emitting diodes. By this approach, the trend of the output power and mode distribution variance with the change of structure parameters could be predicted before the experiments.
69.2: Novel Viewing Angle Control Technology with Single‐Cell LCD
Authors: Yang Chih‐Hsiang , Yeh Chao‐Wei , Liao Chien‐Huang , Hsu Wen‐Hao , Su Jenn‐Jia
Published: July 2011

We have developed a new viewing angle control (VAC) technology by using unbalanced domain design. With this approach, a switchable viewing angle control function which provides users the privacy protection mode and the wide viewing mode can be realized with a single‐cell panel. The advantages of light weight and slim characteristics make it appropriate for portable display applications. Besides, high transmittance performance in the wide viewing mode and the ease of integration with the established LCD technology provide another benefits for LCD manufacturers as well.
69.4: High Speed In‐Plane Switching LCD with Free Retardation
Authors: Lee Joun‐Ho , Kim Byeong‐Koo , Choi Hyun‐Chul , Kang Wan Seok , Lee Gi‐Dong
Published: July 2011

We propose a high speed In‐Plane Switching (IPS) liquid crystal display (LCD) with free retardation and wide view property. The proposed IPS mode can considerably reduce the response time of the LC cell. The optical configuration of the proposed IPS LC cell is composed of an A‐plate and LC layer. We could achieve a fast response time without any change of an LC material in transmissive mode. The calculated and experimental results for an optical response of the proposed LC cell have shown a significant reduction of the falling time. Also, we investigated an optical configuration for wide viewing angle property of the high speed IPS LCD and compared iso‐luminance with the conventional IPS LC cell.
70.1: Distinguished Paper: Achieving High Color Reproduction Accuracy in LCDs for Color‐Critical Applications
Authors: Silverstein Louis D. , Hashmi Syed F. , Lang Karl , Krupinski Elizabeth A. , Dallas William , Roehrig Hans
Published: July 2011

A methodology and associated software modules for calibration, characterization and profiling of color LCDs for color‐critical applications such as medical imaging is described. Supporting analyses reveal very high color reproduction accuracy as determined by CIE DE2000 color differences for 210 test colors uniformly distributed in CIE Lab color space.
70.4: Optical Characterization of Scattering Anti‐Glare Layers
Authors: Becker Michael E. , Neumeier Jürgen
Published: July 2011

We present methods for evaluation of the visual sparkle of anti‐glare treated surfaces and compare the results to visual ratings of expert observers. In addition we measure and characterize the reduction of image clarity induced by the scattering of microstructured AG‐surfaces and the reduction of unwanted reflections achieved by the anti‐glare layers.
71.2: Color Displays Using Reconfigurable Liquid Droplets
Authors: Xu Su , Ren Hongwen , Liu Yifan , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2011

We demonstrate a transmissive color display using reconfigurable liquid droplets whose surface profile can be reshaped by voltage. At V=0, the incident light is absorbed by the black surrounding liquid, resulting in a dark state. As the dielectric force increases, the dome of the liquid droplet could touch the top substrate and become flat, a dielectric effect‐induced light channel is open and the beam is transmitted. While the voltage is removed, the droplet recovers to its original spherical shape. This polarization‐independent liquid display shows a fast response.
71.4: Invited Paper: Imaging via Backlights
Authors: Travis Adrian , Emerton Neil , Large Tim , Chen Liying , Bathiche Steven
Published: July 2011

We have used a wedge light guide to capture images in front of an LCD as if from a point deep behind. We have also used it to illuminate an LCD so as to be visible to only one viewer. These two features offer the prospect of a digital window.
72.1: Invited Paper: High Performance White OLEDs for Next Generation Solid State Lightings
Authors: Komoda Takuya , Tsuji Hiroya , Yamae Kazuyuki , Varutt Kittichungchit , Matsuhisa Yuko , Ide Nobuhiro
Published: July 2011

Two‐unit fluorescent/phosphorescent OLED system with a light outcoupling substrate gives high efficacy of over 55 lm/W and quite long half decay lifetime of over 150,000 h at 1,000 cd/m2. White OLED lighting panels of 8 cm × 8 cm for high luminance operation were fabricated and quite stable emission at 3,000 cd/m2 was confirmed. All phosphorescent white OLEDs on the light outcoupling substrate show higher efficacy of about 70 lm/W and with a fairly good half decay lifetime of over 30,000 h. With a further voltage reduction and a high index spherical extractor, about 120 lm/Wat 1,000 cd/m2 has been achieved.
72.3: Large‐area OLED Lighting Panel with Good Optical Performance
Authors: Lin Chun‐Liang , Lee Meng‐Ting , Chen Chieh‐Wei , Lee Chung‐Chun
Published: July 2011

In this paper, a single, large‐area OLED lighting panel of 245×295 mm2 with 50 lm/W efficacy, correlated color temperature of 3000K and color‐rendering index of 80 at 1500 cd/m2 has been demonstrated. Short reduction layer and metal grids are adopted to solve the particle issue and improve the luminance variation of the intra‐panel for less than 15%, respectively. In addition, a light extraction film with bulk light scattering function is attached to the OLED lighting panel for improving the total lighting flux by a factor of 1.5. And also, the color shift (Δv'u') with viewing angles from 0 (normal direction) to 60 degree can be suppressed to 0.005.
P‐1: An Integral Imaging Display With Wide Viewing Angle
Authors: Deng Huan , Wang Qiong‐Hua , Li Da‐Hai , Wang Fang‐Ning
Published: July 2011

An integral imaging (II) display having wide viewing angle is proposed. The pitch of the elemental image is larger than that of the micro‐lens and the diagonal lines of the micro‐lens array and the elemental image array are aligned. The experimental results demonstrate that the viewing angle of the proposed II display is wider than that of the conventional II display.
P‐3: Crosstalk Visibility in Stereoscopic Displays
Authors: Kang Dong‐Hoon , Bae Kyung‐Sung , Yoon Gi‐Cheon , Song Jang‐Kun
Published: July 2011

The cognitive strength of crosstalk in stereoscopic 3D display is investigated, and new quantitative analyzing method based on the grayscale level difference was tried. Unlike the existing metrics, the result by new method accords with the perceived strength of crosstalk even in images of different grayscales.
P‐5: A High Resolution Multi‐View 2D/3D Display with HxDP Arrangement and its Optical Characterization
Authors: Shigemura Koji , Niioka Shinya , Masumura Kazunori , Asada Hideki
Published: July 2011

We have developed a multi‐view 2D/3D Display with the HxDP (Horizontally x times‐Density Pixels) arrangement. The multi‐view display features the same display resolution in 2D and 3D modes and simultaneously displays 2D and 3D images on the same screen. It has excellent optical characteristics: a low 3D crosstalk of less than 2%, a large QSVS (Qualified Stereoscopic Viewing Space), and a smooth motion parallax.
P‐6: Improvement in the 3D Image Crosstalk on Double‐Layer Liquid‐Crystal 3D Display
Authors: Lin Shih‐Chieh , Lin Hsiang‐Tan , Chiu Chun‐Chieh
Published: July 2011

This paper proposed a key factor, cell gap, to optimize 3D image quality of double‐layer liquid crystal 3D display. This method is used because the 3D image quality of this display is insufficient. In this paper, we have the experiments and analysis to proof the relationship between cell gap and 3D quality.
10.2: Electrofluidic Displays: Multi‐stability and Display Technology Progress
Authors: Dean Kenneth A. , Zhou Kaichang , Smith Steve , Brollier Brian , Atkuri Hari , Rudolph John , Yang Shu , Chevalliot Stephanie , Kreit Eric , Heikenfeld Jason
Published: July 2011

Electrofluidic displays have been demonstrated with multi‐stable states that enable on, off, or grey‐scaled pixel states with zero holding power. We demonstrate operating principles and characterize optical, electrical and environmental performance. We also report other electrofluidic developments including device operation from − 30°C to 70 °C and 30 millisecond switching speeds at 25°C.
P‐9: Extended Fractional View Integral Imaging Using Slanted Fly's Eye Lens
Authors: Yanaka Kazuhisa , Uehira Kazutake
Published: July 2011

A new 3D display system based on integral imaging technology was developed by combining two methods. One is the extended fractional view method in which various LCDs and fly's eye lenses can be used together, and the other is the slanted lens array method that can reduce the moiré pattern.
P‐201L: Late‐News Poster: A Large‐Sized Directional LED Backlight Unit with Hollow Cavity Light Guide
Authors: Kang Chih‐Chieh , Lin Jeng‐Feng , Li Hong‐Ze , Zeng Shi‐Hu
Published: July 2011

An innovative large‐sized directional LED backlight unit with hollow cavity light guide is devised for autostereoscopic 3D displays by implementing bilateral symmetry bumpy structures in bottom reflector. Simulation results demonstrate a good 3D BLU performance by accommodating only a 3D film as the top emission surface.
P‐11: Electrical Properties and Stability of Dual‐Gate Coplanar Homojunction Amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor
Authors: Baek Gwanghyeon , Kuo Alex , Kanicki Jerzy , Abe Katsumi , Kumomi Hideya
Published: July 2011

The electrical characteristics and stabilities of dual‐gate (DG) coplanar homojunction amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) are described. When the gate voltage is applied on top and bottom electrodes, the DG a‐IGZO TFT showed an excellent electrical performance with the sub‐threshold swing of 99 mV/dec, the mobility of 15.1 cm2/V·s and the on‐off ratio of 109. Under positive bias temperature stress, the device threshold voltage shifts about +4.5V after 10,000 seconds, while its shifts under negative bias temperature stress are very small. The effect of TFT illumination is also discussed.
P‐12: Novel Positive‐Intrinsic‐Oxide Semiconductor (P‐I‐OS) Photo Sensor for Flat Panel Displays
Authors: Lee Won‐Kyu , Oh Jae Hwan , Lee Dong Beom , Park Yongsung , Lee Yong Soo , Chang Young Jin , Jin Seong Hyun , Park Sehoon , Choi Min Hwan , Choi Jae Beom , Kim Hye Dong , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

For the first time, photo sensors employing p‐type Si and IGZO semiconductor (P‐I‐OS) have been fabricated with a sensor dimension of W/L = 1600/5. The IGZO layer was deposited using DC sputtering and replaces the conventional n+‐doped cathode electrode. The P‐I‐OS photo sensor is more sensitive to light with shorter wavelengths, and high to low photo‐current dynamic range is almost constant from −15V to −2.5V of anode bias. The P‐I‐OS photo sensor exhibits dynamic range of 53.3 dB under −5V of anode bias and 10,000 lx of illuminated light intensity
P‐13: A Full‐Swing a‐IGZO TFT‐Based Inverter with a Top Gate‐Induced Depletion Load
Authors: Choi Min Hyuk , Seok Man Ju , Mativenga Mallory , Geng Di , Kang Dong Han , Jang Jin
Published: July 2011

A high performance amorphous‐indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT)‐based inverter is demonstrated using the dual gate TFT structure. The results indicate that the load of the inverter behaves like a depletion‐mode TFT when the top gate is under a positive bias. The proposed inverter shows much improved switching characteristics such as a wider swing range and higher noise margins, which are all achieved without the requirement of an additional process step to make the depletion load.
P‐14: High Performance Solution‐Processed IGZO TFTs Formed by Using a High‐Pressure Annealing Method
Authors: Rim You Seung , Kim Dong Lim , Jeong Woong Hee , Shin Hyun Soo , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: July 2011

We have developed a noble high‐pressure annealing (HPA) method for solution‐processed indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). As the pressure increased, the electrical properties of solution‐processed IGZO TFTs were improved. This could be attributed to the decomposition promotion of metal‐organic bonding and the density decrease of interface defect states between IGZO channel and SiO2 gate insulator. For the IGZO channel layer annealed for 3 h at 1 MPa and 300 °C, its channel mobility (μFEFE), threshold voltage (Vth), subthreshold gate swing (S.S) and on/off ratio were 1.02 cm2/Vs, 2.47 V, 0.48 V/dec. and 7.5×106, respectively.
P‐16: Light‐Bias Induced Instability and Persistent Photoconductivity in In‐Zn‐O/Ga‐In‐Zn‐O Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Ghaffarzadeh Khashayar , Lee Sungsik , Nathan Arokia , Robertson John , Jeon Sanghun , Kim Sangwook , Kim Changjung , Chung U‐In , Lee Je‐Hun
Published: July 2011

Stress/recovery measurements demonstrate that even high‐performance passivated In‐Zn‐O/ Ga‐In‐Zn‐O thin film transistors with excellent in‐dark stability suffer from light‐bias induced threshold voltage shift (ΔVT) and defect density changes. Visible light stress leads to ionisation of oxygen vacancy sites, causing persistent photoconductivity. This makes the material act as though it was n‐doped, always causing a negative threshold voltage shift under strong illumination, regardless of the magnitude and polarity of the gate bias.
P‐18: Integration of Surface State and Geometry Effects on High Performance Amorphous IGZO Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Liu Li‐Wei , Tsai Yun‐Chu , Liu Po‐Tsun , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: July 2011

The influence of surface state effects of a‐IGZO TFTs is investigated and modeled by adopting two different structures. The inverted‐staggered TFTs with the less surface state effects show both improved sub‐threshold swing and stable performances compared to inverted‐coplanar TFTs. Based on our result, the inverted‐staggered structure is suitable as high‐performance a‐IGZO TFTs.
P‐23: The Contact Properties and TFT Structures of a‐IGZO TFTs Combined with Cu‐Mn Alloy Electrodes
Authors: Yun Pil Sang , Naito Mayumi , Kumagai Ryo , Sutou Yuji , Koike Junichi
Published: July 2011

Electrical properties and microstructures were investigated between a‐IGZO and metal electrodes. We should use Cu‐Mn or Ti electrodes as the contact promoter and diffusion barrier. Ohmic behaviors were obtained with Cu‐Mn and Ti after annealing at 250 °C. TFT showed high performance with theses. This is due to reduced a‐IGZO and oxygen deficient region.
P‐25: A 2‐Inch AMOLED Display Using In‐Zn‐Oxide TFTs with Anodized Al2O3 Gate Insulator
Authors: Lan Linfeng , Xu Miao , Li Min , Xu Hua , Luo Dongxiang , Xu Ruixia , Zou Jianhua , Tao Hong , Peng Junbiao , Wang Lei
Published: July 2011

Al2O3 prepared by anodization was employed for gate insulator of In‐Zn‐O TFTs. The field‐effect mobility, on/off current ratio, threshold voltage, and sub‐threshold swing are 14.6 cm2/Vs, 108, 1 V, and 0.28 V/decade, respectively. A 2‐inch AMOLED display driven by this kind of TFTs has been demonstrated.
10.4L: Late‐News Paper: Joule Heating Induced Lift‐off Technology for Large Area Flexible AMOLED Displays
Authors: Ko Moo‐Voon , Im Choong‐youl , Lee Iljeong , Lee Jong‐hyuk , Kim Sungchul , Hong Won‐Eui , Ro Jae‐Sang
Published: July 2011

For large area flexible active matrix organic light emitting diode AMOLED display, we have developed a novel lift off method. This novel technology named as Joule heating induced lift‐off JILO uses pulsed electric field for debonding of plastic and the substrate glass. We fabricated the low temperature poly silicon LTPS thin film transistors TFTs on the plastic film. Applying JILO, we can successfully develop flexible TFTs with no damage on transistor performance
P‐27: A Novel IGZO TFT Shift Register with Node‐Shared Structure
Authors: Kim Binn , Lee Yong‐Uk , Han Min‐Koo , Choi Seung Chan , Jang Yong Ho , Park Kwon‐shik , Kim Chang‐Dong
Published: July 2011

We propose and design a new depletion‐mode In‐Ga‐Zn‐O thin film transistors shift register by employing node‐shared structure. The proposed shift register requires 14 TFTs for 2 stages, while the previous shift registers were consisted of more than 20 TFTs for 2 stages. The SPICE simulation results have showed that the proposed shift register has successfully generated two output pulses in one stage.
P‐29: A Novel Six‐Mask Process for High Performance μc‐Si TFT Using Indirect Thermal Crystallization
Authors: Bae Jun Hyeon , Lee Hong Koo , Choi Byung Kook , Lee Sul , Kim Ki Tae , Kim Sung Ki , Park Kwon‐Shik , Bae Jong Uk , Kim Chang‐Dong , Jun Myung Chul
Published: July 2011

In this work, we have fabricated high performance μ c‐Si TFT using bottom gate 6‐mask process. IR laser diode was used for crystallization of a‐Si films. The gate pad (Mo) for TFT and gate bus line (Cu) were formed simultaneously by half tone mask technique. To solve the problem that the gate metal is damaged by heat during the laser thermal crystallization, Mo heat transition layer which acts as an IR absorption layer was patterned and the high reflective property of Cu within IR wavelength was also based on. Selective crystallization of a‐Si for gate damage free is absolutely needed in this work. We achieved high and stable device characteristics of which the mobility was more than 6.2cm2/V·s through this technique.
P‐30: Artificial Retina using Poly‐Si Thin‐Film Transistors driven by Wireless Power Supply
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Miura Yuta , Hachida Tomohisa
Published: July 2011

We have developed an artificial retina using poly‐Si thin‐film transistors driven by wireless power supply. It is found that the illumination profile can be correctly detected as the output voltage profile even if it is driven using unstable power source generated by inductive coupling, diode bridge, and Zener diodes. This means the feasibility to implant the artificial retina into human eyeballs.
P‐31: A New Driving Method for Data Line Reduction in WUXGA TFT‐LCD
Authors: Oh Jae Young , Shin Dong Su , Lee Jae Kyun , Shin Woo Sup , Jun Mike , Hwang Yong‐Ki
Published: July 2011

It is the important factor that data line reduction with high aperture ratio for low cost pane fabricatol. In the high resolution panel such as WUXGA (1920×RGB ×1200 pixels), it is hard to apply data D‐IC reduction (DDR) structure because of charging time insufficiency. In this paper, we have proposed a new driving method in WUXGA panel. This dual data and common (DDC) structure reduces D‐ICs by the reduction of data line 30% compared to conventional one. Transmittance ratio has been increased about 7% by using the DDC structure. The new structure was fabricated as same the normal 4mask amorphous silicon process with integrated gate driver (GIP). Through reliability test it showed same image quality compared to conventional one and we could verify new pixel panel's stability.
P‐32: Improving Reliability of IGZO TFTs via the Front‐channel and Back‐channel Protecting Layers Method
Authors: Chen Chung‐Tao , Chen Shin‐Shueh , Lin Wu‐Hsiung , Chen Po‐Hsueh
Published: July 2011

The front‐channel protecting layer has been reported to improve GI/IGZO interface and result in undamaged GI surface in coplanar bottom gate IGZO TFTs, and the proposed TFT structures with additional front and back channel protecting showed an effective improvement of Vth shift under both positive and negative gate‐bias stress. The mechanism of Vth shift under the stress has also been studied by this structure. Both front and back channel surfaces are significant. Damage and contamination of these surfaces lead to an increase of Vth instability.
P‐33: Impact of TiO2 Incorporation in the Structural and Electrical Property of the Sputtered Indium Tin Oxide Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Kim Ji‐In , Ji Kwang Hwan , Jeong Jae Kyeong , Yang Hoichang
Published: July 2011

We demonstrate that controlled cation composition in ITO‐based films combined with solid‐solution doping by titanium as well as the suppression of crystallization. The field‐effect transistor having 3.7at% Ti‐doped ITO film exhibited the high mobility of 13.4 cm2/Vs, low subthreshold gate swing of 0.25V/decade, and high Ion/off ratio of >108.
P‐35: The Effects of NiSi2 Seed Control on SGS Crystallization and TFT Characteristics
Authors: Chung Yun Mo , Lee Ki‐Yong , Seo Jinwook , Chung Minjae , Park Byoung Keon , Lee Donghyun , Kim Hye Dong , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

To improve TFT characteristics and reduce leakage current, we have investigated the precise control of NiSi2 seed shapes in a process called super grain silicon (SGS) crystallization. Excessive leakage current was reduced by the control of Ni in Si below ∼1013 atoms/cm2. Relatively higher SGS crystallinity of about 94% was obtained by inducing (111) NiSi2 seed to form a disc shape rather than that from a pyramid shaped seed with about 92%, resulting in more uniform TFT characteristics. Based on this seed control method, we fabricated a 14″ AMOLED TV having a pixel‐to‐pixel brightness uniformity of about 92%, which we believe is suitable for product acceptance.
11.1: Invited Paper: The World's First Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Lee Hyeokjin , Park Hong‐Jo , Kwon Oh‐Jeong , Yun Sung Jae , Park Jae Hong , Hong Seungho , Shin Sung‐Tae
Published: July 2011

Recently, the display of liquid crystal having the blue phase have been studied more intensively because it has many merits such as wide viewing angle without compensation films, very fast switching response time, and no need for the alignment layer and the rubbing process. First, we confirmed the feasibility of the blue phase liquid crystal display by means of polymer stabilization in the test cell. Even though we could get a wide temperature range that shows the blue phase, there were still problems such as the high operation voltage, hysteresis so on. In 2008, by developing and applying new technologies for improving these characteristics, we successfully fabricated a new kind of the liquid crystal display using the blue phase for the first time in the world.
P‐37: Artistic LED Crystal Illuminator with Fresnel Lens
Authors: Liu Kun‐Di , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Fang Po‐Sheng , Cheng Yao‐Chien , Wang Alex
Published: July 2011

A compact Fresnel lens design, which gives artistic and contrasty projected crystal image, is presented. To design a crystal illuminator close to the crystal, one may choose LED second optics with high collimating ability (small beam angle) regardless the illuminance distribution. However, we found two sets of LED chip and second optics combination that deliver contrasty projected crystal images with different beam angle (defined by far‐field angular intensity distributions) with similar midfield illumination distributions. Therefore, illuminance distribution at various distances in midfield region should be emphasized and clarified in the LED second optics datasheet.
P‐39: Mobile Multifunctional System for Characterization of LC Cells and LC Materials
Authors: Valyukh Vladimir , Kozachenko Andriy , Valyukh Sergiy
Published: July 2011

A compact measuring system for determination of electoro‐optical time resolved characteristics of LC cells, as well as optical retardation and twist angle, has been developed. Moreover, the system enables one to measure anchoring energy, elastic and dielectric constants of LC materials. Software of the system contains functions for simulation and optimization of LC devices.
P‐40: Suite Mobile: A Lab for Studying Mobile Displays in Motion
Authors: Wang Joel , Liu Peter , Cheng Wei‐Chung , Badano Aldo
Published: July 2011

A controlled environment for studying the three major factors of perceived image quality of mobile displays—motion, ambient lighting and surround—consists of (1) A robotic arm was programmed to simulate the motion caused by the hand shake, (2) A set of RGB LED lights was used to simulate illuminants such as fluorescent lamps or daylight, and (3) A rear‐projection screen was used as the surround to simulate indoor or in‐car scenarios. In addition, a face tracking device was used to record the variation in viewing direction. Psychophysical experiments were conducted to test the spatial‐velocity thresholds and just‐noticeable differences of various combinations of ambient and surround lighting conditions.
P‐43: High‐Luminance Primary‐Color Display
Authors: Kim Moon‐Cheol , Kim Dae‐Yeon , Lee Iksoo , Koh Jaihyun , Kim Heendol , Ahn Kukhwan
Published: July 2011

A new high luminance of primary color LCD display has been developed by using of a brighter BLU and color mapping algorithms. It is able to reproduce brighter colors than conventional displays so that live‐like scene reproduction of brighter illuminant colors is better reproduced. It may also be a one of a future solution to expand the color gamut in direction of brighter colors which is mostly limited in the conventional displays. Therefore, an ultimate xvYCC compatible display may be realized by this concept.
P‐44: Color Uniformity Grade Evaluation of Electronic Displays Based on Color Contrast Sensitivity
Authors: Asano Toshio , Takagi Yuji , Yao Jun , Liu Wei
Published: July 2011

Electronic displays have non‐uniform regions of chromaticity. In the present paper, a novel method that evaluates the mura grade of electronic displays using a chromaticity mura index E is presented. The index E is calculated using a filtered image obtained by the color contrast sensitivity function.
P‐47: 3D Comfort and Fusion Limits: Subjective Results Versus Psychovisual Model Predictions
Authors: Deshpande Sachin
Published: July 2011

We define experiments to measure viewer comfort and 3D fusion as a function of 3D depth shift. We analyze the subjective results and find relation between the subjective results and psychovisual models. We relate subjects' viewer comfort with Percival's zone of comfort and subjects' fusion limit with Panum's fusion area.
P‐48: A New Approach Toward Visual Clarity Assessment Using Perceptual Contrast Length
Authors: Shin Miok , Chong Jong‐Ho , Yang Sun A. , Lee Eunjung , Lee Seung Bae , Berkeley Brian H.
Published: July 2011

Contrast ratio is one of the most important performance parameters used to evaluate visual clarity of displays. However, conventionally‐used absolute contrast ratio value has imperfect correlation to human perception of image quality. A new measurement method, called perceptual contrast length (PCL), is proposed as an improved standard for measuring contrast. Based on human perception tests under various conditions, PCL is shown to have higher correlation to human perception of image quality.
P‐50: Power Consumption Ameliorated for Integrated Gate Driver Circuit with Low Frequency Clock
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Tu Chun‐Da , Hung Chia‐Che , Cheng Mao‐Hsun , Wu Chia‐En , Chen Yung‐Chih
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a novel low power consumption gate driver circuit with 12 TFTs and one capacitor which is made by hydrogenated amorphous silicon technology. The pull‐down structure can not only prevent the floating of gate lines, but also suppress the threshold voltage shift of a‐Si:H TFTs. According to the measurement results, the proposed gate driver circuit can be operated stably more than 10 days at high temperature (T = 100 °C). Furthermore, the power consumption of the proposed gate driver circuit can be reduced 52.6% compared to the previously proposed gate driver circuit.
P‐56: Design of Gate Integrated Circuit Using IGZO Thin Film Transistors for TFT‐LCD Panel
Authors: Jeon Sangjin , Ko Gwangbum , Chang Jongwoong , Hwang Samjin , Myoung Jaemin
Published: July 2011

This thesis deals with the method to improve the gate driver stability of large sized IGZO TFT panel. The proposed Gate driver circuit was designed for 26‐inch HD LCD Panel and the circuit has been designed considering the electrical characteristic of instability under the bias stress and temperature This circuit consists of twenty TFT using two clock signals such as CK1,CK2 (Von) and 1 power signals such as VSS (Voff), and new circuit with double inverter suppress the ripple occurrence for every time except actuating time that the signal of the gate line is revealed. By applying the proposed new circuit, the H‐SPICE simulation was performed. TFT in integrated circuit can be stable in the low frequency drive (48 Hz) althought ΔVth was 29 V and It could be applicable to the threshold frequency of 86 Hz in the high frequency operation without a problem.
P‐57: Local Dimming Algorithm to Minimize Maximum Luminance Reproductive Error
Authors: Nonaka Ryosuke , Sano Yuma , Baba Masahiro
Published: July 2011

In regard to local dimming LCD, we defined a new objective function to evaluate reproducibility both at higher and lower luminance based on human vision characteristics and optical characteristics of backlight and LCP. And we developed a local dimming algorithm that can combine higher luminance reproducibility and low power consumption.
P‐58: Resolution Evaluation of MPC Displays
Authors: Nakagawa Shinji , Yoshiyama Kazuyoshi , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Imai Shigeki
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we evaluate the resolution characteristics of multi‐primary color (MPC) display systems. We have previously shown that the four primary color (4PC) displays increase effective resolution in the luminance domain to twice that of conventional RGB‐based displays with 4PC‐specialized sub‐pixel rendering we proposed. We improve this rendering method to allow apply five or more primary color systems and compare several rendering methods using the resolution characteristics of each display obtained by computational simulation.
P‐60: 3‐pair Intra‐panel Interface for 120Hz 3D Flat Panel Displays
Authors: Choe Won Jun , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

A cost‐effective 3‐pair intra‐panel interface for flat panel displays is presented. By simply modifying the protocol of a conventional interface such as AiPi+, all video data from a TCON can be transferred to a column driver IC without any additional need to revise the interface physical layer. By adopting this interface, 64 wires are reduced to 48 wires for a 30‐bit color 120Hz 3D flat panel display device using 8 driver ICs.
P‐61: Grayscales by Cross Pairing of Select and Data Voltages in Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Ruckmongathan Temkar N.
Published: July 2011

Thousands of grayscales are displayed by cross pairing of a few select and data voltages in liquid crystal display. Simple drivers, low voltage operation, flicker free operation even at low refresh rates and good uniformity due to less distortion in addressing waveforms are the advantages of cross pairing.