bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La “donación patriótica” de Manuel Ancízar a la Biblioteca Nacional (1849-1853)
Authors: Arango Cortés Juan Pablo , Ardila Javier Ricardo , González Moreno Isabel Cristina , Monroy-García Diana , Zabala Sandoval Óscar Yesid
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: este artículo se centra en la donación de Manuel Ancízar Basterra (1811-1882) a la Biblioteca Nacional de la Nueva Granada en 1849. Se busca identificar cuáles fueron las condiciones que hicieron posible la transacción y lo que esta revela sobre el vínculo entre el donante y la institución. Metodología: primero, se caracteriza la donación a partir del análisis —cuantitativo y cualitativo— de su contenido. En segundo lugar, se presentan algunos elementos referentes a la formación de la colección: tanto la existencia de un inventario previo, como algunas marcas en los libros, evidencian la procedencia de una parte de los títulos —ligados en varios casos a las redes intelectuales en las que Ancízar se vio inmerso—, y los procesos de selección que dieron forma al conjunto de libros efectivamente entregado a la Biblioteca. En tercer lugar, se hacen explícitas las características simbólicas de la donación en un contexto de cambios políticos y educativos impulsados por los gobiernos liberales del momento. Originalidad: esta investigación invita a cuestionar la construcción de narrativas sobre el patrimonio bibliográfico y propone nuevos elementos para interpretar al intelectual y su legado. Conclusiones: se concluye que la colección fue depurada antes de pasar del dominio privado al dominio público, que no se trató de la entrega de la biblioteca personal de Ancízar y que la transacción fue una entre varias estrategias del agente para posicionarse en el campo intelectual neogranadino. Asimismo, el análisis de inventarios, tanto históricos como contemporáneos, revela que el conjunto de libros de Ancízar se disgregó entre los haberes de la Biblioteca y que el fondo que hoy se encuentra en la institución tiene pocas similitudes con la donación original.
Duelos impressos: a circulação de notícias sobre duelos na imprensa brasileira. Rio Grande do Sul e Rio de Janeiro, 1910-1930
Authors: Da Cunha Thompson Flores Mariana Flores , Rodrigues Remedi José Martinho
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Este artigo analisa a circulação de notícias na imprensa brasileira de duelos nacionais e internacionais que indicam o quanto esse assunto compunha o escopo de interesses e formava parte de um substrato cultural nas décadas de 1920 e 1930.  Metodologia: a investigação foi realizada a partir do acervo da Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira, no qual foram mapeadas as ocorrências e fluxo de notícias, entre 1910-1930, em jornais do Rio de Janeiro e Rio Grande do Sul, e foram analisados três eventos ocorridos em 1920 que mobilizaram as atenções da imprensa (duelo Batlle-Beltrán, desafio Lager-Saguier e Ley del Duelo). Originalidade: no disputado universo da circulação de notícias, com abundância de temas, públicos leitores diversos e meios de transmissões internacionais restritos, os duelos de diferentes países mereceram espaço de veiculação e demonstraram fazer parte de um rol de interesses que apontou para o individualismo burguês compartilhado e sua particular noção de honra. Conclusões: A análise indicou que a valorização da honra e dos duelos se legitimava, em grande medida, pela circulação de notícias na imprensa. Essa circulação funcionava como recurso de desagravo e de distinção para os envolvidos no âmbito nacional e internacional.
Hacia un mapa de revistas de la Nueva Izquierda intelectual colombiana surgida en la década de 1960
Authors: Jaramillo Restrepo Sandra
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: la Nueva Izquierda fue un fenómeno político cultural de carácter internacional configurado desde mediados de la década de 1950 y desarrollado en las dos décadas siguientes. En el caso colombiano los estudios sobre este fenómeno han priorizado su costado político organizativo, haciendo menos evidentes las dinámicas intelectuales y los procesos de recepción que, si bien estaban asociados a lo político, respondían a lógicas propias. Metodología: mediante una revisión bibliográfica en la que se cruzan los estudios de las izquierdas y los estudios de la vida intelectual del periodo, se establece un marco analítico para observar las revistas de debate intelectual y político como una materialización de la Nueva Izquierda, lo que habilita expandirla hacia lo intelectual e inscribirla en el contexto latinoamericano. Originalidad: algunas de esas revistas han sido indicadas en estudios previos, pero falta avanzar en su análisis y en la reconstrucción del campo revisteril en el que se inscriben. Este texto contribuye a subsanar dicho vacío y, aunque se concentra en la década de 1960, se avanzan descripciones hasta la década siguiente. Conclusiones: se concluye que revistas modernizadoras como Mito (1955-1962) operaron como condición de posibilidad para la emergencia de revistas de la Nueva Izquierda, se muestra la acción pionera de Tierra Firme (1958-1959) y el papel fundante de la revista Estrategia (1962-1964). Asimismo, se proponen coordenadas para construir un mapa con el cual estas y otras revistas se puedan analizar de forma articulada.
COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Levien Sandra , Rosskopf Davi Henrique
Published: June 2021

Este artigo pretende discutir e evidenciar a importância de se conjugar os estudos, pesquisas e medidas da área da saúde com estudos, pesquisas e análises sociais da pandemia. Desta forma pretende-se refletir acerca da contenção da propagação do coronavírus de uma forma mais ampliada, considerando o contexto capitalista brasileiro. Estudos já indicam que, no Brasil, os trabalhadores, especialmente os mais pobres, são os mais acometidos pela COVID-19. Isto indica que as condições sociais, principalmente as relativas ao trabalho e à saúde, já podem ser consideradas fatores determinantes para o contágio nesta pandemia. Diante disso, este artigo traz uma pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio de referencial teórico e recentes estudos, pesquisas e informações divulgadas pela comunidade científica, acadêmica e jornalística, que contempla o perfil da pandemia no Brasil e possíveis fatores que levam ao maior contágio entre os membros da classe trabalhadora brasileira. A análise social realizada indica que a dificuldade de acesso à saúde e ao saneamento básico, e, sobretudo, os vínculos precários de emprego e a informalidade, contribuem para a disseminação do coronavírus no Brasil.
Palavras-chave: Coronavírus; classe trabalhadora; COVID-19; pandemia; trabalho.
Educação remota em tempos da COVID-19
Authors: Araujo Susana Lima de Queiroz Pontes de , Dutra Flávia Barbosa da Silva
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir os desmembramentos da educação neste período de distanciamento social, trazendo para o debate questões referentes à educação remota das pessoas com deficiência e as inquietações acerca do adiamento do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM). Questionamentos sobre a educação remota em tempos da COVID-19 impulsionaram a presente pesquisa. Para análise, foram utilizadas as Sinopses Estatísticas do ENEM entre os anos 2009 a 2018, fornecidas pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), além de levantamento documental sobre o tema. As análises mostram que a educação remota em tempos da COVID-19 precisa levar em consideração diversos fatores como o acesso à internet e as especificidades dos estudantes com deficiência, bem como destaca a necessidade do adiamento do ENEM diante da realidade vivenciada.
Palavras-chave: Educação remota; estudante com deficiência; COVID-19; pandemia; ENEM.
Dengue e COVID-19 em Minas Gerais
Authors: Facure Camila Gouvêa , Filho Claiton Luiz de Almeida , Santos Milena Vieira Dias do , Carneiro Thaís Borba , Oliveira Stefan Vilges de
Published: June 2021

Este estudo objetiva realizar uma análise macrorregional dos casos, das internações, da infraestrutura de saúde e dos investimentos voltados à dengue e à COVID-19 no estado de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico, descritivo e quantitativo pelo Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (SIH-SUS), Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e boletins epidemiológicos da COVID-19 da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais e do Ministério da Saúde entre janeiro de 2017 a maio de 2020. Registraram 845.352 casos de dengue com 15.366 internações, onerando R$6.247.580.00 às 14 macrorregiões do estado. O pico de incidência da dengue esteve entre janeiro a maio dos anos analisados. Para a COVID-19, nota-se aumento dos casos ao longo de 2020 gastando R$ 165.879.596.00 até o presente estudo. Destaque para a macrorregião Centro com maior número de casos por ambas doenças. A dengue, por si só, já prejudica a assistência hospitalar fornecida pelo SUS em Minas Gerais. Com a concomitância temporal da COVID-19 em 2020, o dispêndio ao sistema de saúde agravar-se-á, uma vez que ambas poderão sobrecarregá-lo. Portanto, deve-se focar na atenção primária para otimizar gastos.
Palavras-chave: Dengue; COVID-19; atenção primária à saúde; vigilância em saúde.
Sobre «la impresión del grifo». El trasfondo de unos pasajes quevedianos
Authors: Álvarez-de-Miranda Pedro
Published: June 2021

En varias ocasiones (hasta cuatro) utiliza Francisco de Quevedo, un tanto enigmáticamente, la frase «la impresión del grifo». Por ejemplo, dice de una vieja que tenía «una cara de la impresión del grifo»; de una alcahueta, que «hizo un gesto de la impresión del grifo», etcétera. La expresión ya fue acertadamente explicada por Luisa López Grigera como una referencia a la imagen de un grifo que aparecía grabada en las portadas de los libros salidos de la imprenta lionesa de Sébastien Griphe, y cuya cabeza resultaba equiparable por su fealdad a la de una mujer vieja. El presente estudio rastrea detenidamente la trayectoria de dicha frase, que estuvo próxima a lexicalizarse en nuestra lengua, y se añaden a los quevedianos otros testimonios no conocidos.
Ansiedades masculinistas en el Siglo de Oro. Quevedo, Olivares y el rey
Authors: Arellano Ignacio
Published: June 2021

El artículo examina los puntos débiles de estudios como Los tratadistas ibéricos de conducta áulica, de Rico Ferrer, sobre las ansiedades masculinistas en la obra de Quevedo, La política de Dios, y la relación entre Quevedo, Olivares y Felipe IV, corrigiendo interpretaciones y valoraciones arbitrarias por medio del control filológico de los textos.
Quevedo y los gatos en celo: el romance «Habla con enero» (núm. 685)
Authors: Rodríguez-Mansilla Fernando
Published: June 2021

Este artículo analiza el romance «Habla con enero, mes de la brama de los gatos» desde la perspectiva de los estudios de animales. En este romance, Quevedo trasciende el empleo metafórico del gato y le otorga a este un protagonismo absoluto en el contexto del Madrid cotidiano de la época. Se observa en Quevedo un diseño del gato que provendría de una visión escéptica (según la cual el animal no es ni inferior ni superior al ser humano), que le permite al locutor, entre burlas y veras, invertir jerarquías y ponerlo en el centro de su atención.
BEŞERİ SERMAYE VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: FARKLI GELİRE SAHİP ÜLKELER GRUBU ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: KÖKSEL Bilge , YILMAZ Hüseyin
Published: June 2021

Neo-klasik teorilerin büyümenin nicelik yönüne ağırlık vererek diğer faktörleri göz ardı etmesi, sürdürülebilir büyümenin olanaksız hale gelmesine sebep olmuştur. 20.yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ortaya çıkan içsel büyüme teorileri, neo-klasik teorinin varsayımlarını değiştirerek “insan” kavramının önemine değinmiş ve sürdürülebilir büyümede “kilit rol” olarak beşeri sermayeyi işaret etmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, beşeri sermayenin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Şüphesiz beşeri sermaye her ülkenin ekonomik kalkınmasına aynı oranda etki etmemektedir. Bu düşünceden yola çıkılarak homojen özellik gösteren ülkeler sınıflandırılmış ve 1990-2018 dönemlerinde verilerine ulaşılabilen üst gelir (41 ülke), orta üst gelir (28 ülke), orta alt gelir (32 ülke) ve alt gelir (16 ülke) grubundaki ülkeler analize dâhil edilmiştir. Ampirik sonuçlara ulaşmak için Gengebach, Urbain ve Westerlund Panel Eşbütünleşme Testi, AMG katsayı tahmincisi ve Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel nedensellik analizi kullanılmıştır Eşbütünleşme testi, seriler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin bütün ülke gruplarında olduğunu göstermiştir. AMG katsayı tahmincisi sonuçlarına göre beşeri sermaye endeksindeki %1’lik artış; yüksek gelirli ülkelerde büyümeyi %3,13, orta üst gelirli ülkelerde %4,44, orta alt gelirli ülkelerde %2,62 ve alt gelirli ülkelerde %1,87 oranında arttırmaktadır. Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel nedensellik analizi, bütün ülke gruplarında sosyal sermaye ve büyüme arasında çift yönlü nedenselliğin olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen ampirik bulgular, ülkelerin ekonomik büyüklüğüne bağlı olmaksızın beşeri sermayenin farklı oranlarda da olsa ekonominin itici gücü olduğunu göstermiştir.
ENERJİ KULLANIMI VE BAŞLICA MAKROEKONOMİK GÖSTERGELER ETKİLEŞİMİ VE BU ETKİLEŞİM BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN DÜNYA İÇİNDEKİ YERİ
Authors: GİRAY YAKUT Selay , ÖZDEMİR YAZGAN Selin Devrim , BACAKSIZ N. Ece , FİKİR Halit
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı literatürü takiben saptanmış değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi ve bu değişkenler açısından Türkiye'nin dünyadaki yerinin çok değişkenli analiz teknikleri ile irdelenmesidir. Sonrasında Türkiye ile benzer yapı sergilediği saptanan ülkeler için değişkenler arasındaki doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan ilişkiler zaman serisi ekonometrisi teknikleri ile analiz edilmiştir.
Çalışma kapsamında dünya ülkeleri için değişkenler arasındaki ilişki korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiş, anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Ardından ilişki yapısı Faktör Analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Saptanmış beş değişken açısından dünya ülkeleri benzerliklerine göre çok değişkenli istatistiksel analiz tekniklerinden kümeleme analizi kullanılarak gruplandırılmış; değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler ağı açısından Türkiye'ye en benzer yapıdaki ülkelerin Brezilya, Şili, Uruguay olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ulaşılan bu bulgu, faktör skorları sıralaması ile de desteklenmiştir. Türkiye ile benzer yapı sergilediği saptanan bu ülkeler için makroekonomik değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi zaman serisi ekonometrisi teknikleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Uygulanan doğrusal olmayan nedensellik analizi sonucunda bütün ülkeler için enerji tüketimi ve çekirdek enflasyon arasında nedensellik ilişkisi mevcuttur.
APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PROJETOS NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA COMO PROPOSTA AO ENSINO REMOTO FORÇADO
Authors: Crestani Carlos Eduardo , Machado Marcio Bender
Published: June 2021

O ano de 2020, com a pandemia causada pelo surgimento do Coronavírus foi desafiador em muitas áreas, dentre elas a educação; escolas, institutos, universidades passaram a oferecer seus cursos e programas educacionais em modos totalmente eletrônicos pela primeira vez em sua história. Este cenário traz uma necessidade de adaptação obrigatória a uma metodologia nova, mitigando dificuldades existentes para migração de metodologias diferentes das tradicionais. Metodologias ativas de aprendizagem, nas quais a aquisição de conhecimento é resultado de uma interação entre indivíduos e seu ambiente circundante, com alunos construindo e organizando seu próprio conhecimento, têm sido pesquisadas e incentivas, sendo potenciais soluções ao ensino remoto forçado. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta a migração de três disciplinas técnicas de ensino médio da metodologia presencial tradicional para Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos no ensino remoto forçado. Os conteúdos foram transformados em projetos, desenvolvidos em grupos orientados de perto, com feedbacks bastante detalhados, liberdade de organização e apresentação, com avaliação em grupo por rubricas e individual a partir de um planejamento com atividades e funções dos membros. A percepção geral foi de dificuldades iniciais, de adaptação, mas de desenvolvimento de competências como trabalho em grupo, apresentação de ideias, tomada de decisão, planejamento, organização, socialização, etc. O desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico e criativo, com comprometimento com o próprio aprendizado, desde a seleção do nível e quantidade de informações a explorar, desenvolvendo habilidades e maturidade para lidar com projetos e problemas foi conseguido em um nível ainda micro, mas que mostra um caminho a avançar.
Estimation of the dynamic amplification factor at backfill soil behind a gravity wall
Authors: Joseph Monica , Banerjee Subhadeep , Pakrashi Vikram
Published: June 2021

The response of gravity retaining walls under strong earthquake motions is a topic of concern since large catastrophic failures have become more frequent during earthquake and post-earthquake events. Neglecting the amplification of ground motion along the surface was an important reason for severe damages in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. In this paper, the response of a gravity retaining wall under different earthquake motions is analysed using a two-dimensional finite-difference method. The strong-motion parameters, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and predominant frequency are particularly investigated. The responses of the retaining wall in terms of the relative horizontal displacement of the wall, active pressure on the wall and response spectra are analysed for input motions with varying PGA and predominant frequency. An empirical equation for the amplification factor at the top of the wall is developed as a function of the PGA and predominant frequency from the observed results. Such an equation can be particularly helpful for rapid assessments of gravity retaining walls in terms of their earthquake resilience and can be assimilated within the design process with relative ease.
Human Beings after Catastrophe: Poetical Portraits by Primo Levi and Tamiki Hara
Authors: De Pieri Veronica
Published: June 2021

January 27, 1945: the Red Army set Auschwitz concentration camp free, making this date the liberation day for thousands of inmates, victims of the Nazi’s idea of a master race. August 15, 1945: Emperor Hirohito announced the surrender of Japan on Japanese radio after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. XX century witnessed two of the most abominable atrocities of human history whose repercussions still affect not only German and Japanese societies, involved at first place, but also each individual’s consciousness too. Over the past decades different studies have been investigating these indelible marks on history on many levels: historical, political, sociological, psychological and even artistic approaches were called into question in the search for the truth about Shoah and atomic bombing catastrophes. This study offers a different perspective on the topic by comparing the poetical responses of two representatives of the so-called Shoah Literature and Atomic Bombing Literature: Primo Levi and Tamiki Hara. Both authors, although the space-related distance and the different nature of the traumatic experiences they witnessed, gave birth to similar poetical responses under the title of Se questo è un uomo (“If this is a man”) and Kore ga ningen na no desu (“This is a human being”).This research sets itself the ambitious goal to demonstrate how, regardless of territorial, cultural and stylistic boundaries, a similar human response toward catastrophe can be detached in the literary productions of Levi and Hara: a comparison on stylistic, figurative and expressive level reveals the analogous literary solutions adopted by the authors to depict human’s frailty in front of trauma. Both authors answer the literary imperative of writing: their commitment unveils the aim to bear witness and to convey memory to the future generations. Words, enriched by authors of allusive and critical meanings, represent an effective and necessary means to keep alive and to preserve the traumatic memory. The literature of the catastrophe, then, becomes a language that unites, rather than divides, different societies. It serves as an universal mouthpiece for victims’ experiences to prevent Auschwitz, Hiroshima and Nagasaki to happen again. Submission date: September 2017.
Same Urban Legends, Different Bad Hombres: The Risk of Narratives across Borders about Deviant Others
Authors: Soltero Gonzalo
Published: June 2021

Some narratives, such as urban legends and rumors, address the mistrust that social communities have about those outside their bounds, and thus help to define their collective identity (Us) in opposition to others (Them). Globalization has increased human transit across the planet, along with the flow of these narratives that seep through all kind of borders. This chapter will examine two different crime legends, “Lights Out!” and “Burundanga”, that transited between south and north of the American continent, especially between 2005 and 2007, looking at the differences in the reception of the same texts according to the groups that shared them.
Travel in Rībi Hideo’s Novels or the Search for an Alternative Writing Style in Japanese
Authors: Fujiwara Dan
Published: June 2021

Ever since the publication of Seijōki no kikoenai heya in 1987 (translated in English by Christophers D. Scott: A Room Where the Star-Spangled Banner Cannot Be Heard, 2011), Rībi Hideo, the Japanese pseudonym of Ian Hideo Levy (1950-), has been considered one of the most important “border-crossing writers” on the contemporary Japanese literary scene. And it should be noted that this rare American author writing in Japanese that isn’t his mother tongue, has been challenging so-called “monoethnic ideology” of Japanese literature, according to which Japanese literature should be written by Japanese authors, in the Japanese language, for Japanese readers. One of the fundamental characteristics of his novels, is that these are mainly set within travelling situations. Each novel features central characters with a similar profile to the author himself (an American translator or writer living in Japan) and who move from Japan to Taiwan, China, or the USA. However, the travels described in Rībi’s novels, which have been analysed largely through the prism of modern-day concepts such as mobility and globalization, do not seem to be so free flowing. Indeed, the protagonists’ emotional and psychological states are often affected and disturbed by a number of problems, particularly language. Rībi’s characters are obsessed with the languages people around them use and permanently feel uncomfortable despite their ability in these languages. Travelling is above all a linguistic experience in the sense that it provokes critical thinking about the potential and the limit of language, in other words its identity. This paper aims to analyse Rībi’s novels by focusing on how different travel situations relate to language problems. It will also argue that the themes explores by Rībi enable him to develop an original writing style in Japanese. Finally, it will seek to emphasise that this unusual author’s literary oeuvre offers us an alternative framework for reflecting on our so-called globalized world.
Dialogues with the Machine, or Ruins of Closure and Control in Interactive Digital Narratives
Authors: Hoydis Julia
Published: June 2021

The interrelations between literary studies, and posthumanism deserve attention beyond the focus on the representation of posthuman identities on the story level. To explore these, this article looks at examples of interactive digital narratives (IDN): Bandersnatch (2018), a ‘choose-your-own-adventure’-type instalment of Netflix’s dystopian SF-anthology series Black Mirror, the short film The Angry River (2017), which employs gaze-detection technology to determine what viewers get to see, and the serious multi-platform videogame The Climate Trail (2019), specifically designed to move players ‘into action’. Straddling the border between ludology and narrative to varying degrees, all offer the chance of ‘do overs’ and the exploration of complex patterns and processes. They raise questions about the co-production of pre-scripted meanings, about authorial and reader agency, conceptions of control, closure, and narrative (un)reliability. Thus, this article argues, they challenge ideas about the potential of narratives in and beyond posthuman digital environments.
Dimorfismo Sexual em Tomografias Cranianas e Volume Craniano
Authors: Duran Gallassi Nívia Cristina , Stéfany De Lima Gomes  , Ulbricht Viviane , Souza Couto Diana Maria , Pereira Neto João Sarmento , Francesquini Júnior Luiz
Published: June 2021

Buscou-se verificar o dimorfismo sexual em medidas lineares em Tomografias Computadorizadas (TCs) e volumétricas (de neurocrânios). Também visou gerar modelo de regressão logística para estimativa do sexo. Após a aprovação do CEP CAAE n°54171916.0.0000.5418, iniciou-se a calibração da pesquisadora seguindo-se a análise de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC) de acordo com Azklo e Nieto, em 2000. Foram medidos com o software OnDemand3D® as medidas: Glabela-Metalambda; Bregma-Básio e Eurio-Eurio (112 TC de homens e 87 TC de mulheres com idade entre 22 e 80 anos do Biobanco Osteológico e Tomográfico) e nos crânios dos quais foram obtidos as TCs avaliadas foi determinado o volume interno do neurocrânio utilizando-se sementes de soja. Além do cálculo do Índice Cefálico Horizontal e o Índice Cefálico Lateral.   Após a análise estatística constatou-se que todas as medidas lineares em TCs e a avaliação do volume intra-neurocrânio, são dimórficos. Criou-se também modelo de regressão logística denominado SEX 2019= [-18,087+(5,937xVC) +(-0,076x(Br-Ba))]. Constatou-se que o método resulta em 80,4% de sensibilidade, 66,7% de especificidade e 74,4% de acurácia, se mostrando eficaz na predição do sexo. O modelo de regressão obtido pode ser utilizado como método auxiliar e permite a estimativa do sexo.
Assassinatos em Massa: uma Perspectiva sobre as Causas e a Prevenção no Contexto Nacional
Authors: Lemos Vasconcelos Silvio José , Dos Santos Welter Lisiane , Pereira Barbosa Thamires , Macedo Pinto Luiza Vieira , Valli Santanna Rafaella , Portella Quevedo Eduarda , De Vargas Fernanda
Published: June 2021

O assassinato em massa é definido quando ocorre pelo menos três ou quatro assassinatos ao mesmo tempo e no mesmo local. Geralmente ocorre em um breve período, dentro de algumas horas, e em local único ou em áreas próximas, como local de trabalho, lazer ou escola. No Brasil, apesar dos episódios recentes, o assunto ainda é pouco investigado, principalmente por psicólogos. A produção científica brasileira sobre assassinatos em massa é realmente escassa. Este artigo tem como objetivo elucidar o estado atual do conhecimento sobre o assunto. Os autores realizam uma revisão narrativa de estudos epidemiológicos e sociais sobre o tema. A ocorrência de assassinatos em massa pode ser compreendida a partir de um entendimento biopsicossocial, incluindo sintomas psicóticos que impulsionam o crime. Questões de prevenção no cenário internacional também são abordadas neste artigo. Este estudo pode contribuir para impulsionar a produção científica nacional sobre o assunto e gerar reflexões oportunas sobre a prevenção de problemas.
ISOMETRY OF EGG SIZE IN A TEXAS POPULATION OF THE TURTLE STERNOTHERUS ODORATUS THAT EXHIBITS A NEARLY FIXED CLUTCH SIZE
Authors: Lindeman Peter V.
Published: June 2021

In evaluating optimal egg-size theory and the effects of anatomical constraints on egg size in turtles, pivotal questions concern the significance of the relationship of egg size to female body size and whether the relationship is isometric or hypoallometric. In a central Texas population of the kinosternid turtle Sternotherus odoratus in which clutch size of a sample of turtles was nearly fixed (seven of eight females had two eggs while the largest female had three eggs), there was an isometric increase in egg width with body size among the females with two-egg clutches and significantly reduced egg width in the largest female’s three-egg clutch. Allometric analyses of populations that exhibit little variation in clutch size, as well as analysis of modal clutch sizes in populations with more variable clutch sizes, both have the potential to further illuminate the competing demands of increasing egg size vs. increasing clutch size as females grow larger, enabling them to optimize their reproductive output as it increases with body size.
SOME THOUGHTS ON INTERSPECIFIC MANDIBULAR MORPHOLOGY IN FOSSIL AND MODERN ALLIGATOR
Authors: Stout Jeremy
Published: June 2021

Alligator is diagnosed in the fossil record using discrete morphological characters.  These characters are used with systematic analyses to determine hypothetical phylogenetic relationships.  Examined here are two such characters for applicability in fossil species determination and relationship. One is the curvature of the dentary between the fourth and tenth alveoli (observed in several taxa), while the other is a further investigation into the anterior extent of the splenial (in modern Alligator mississippiensis and the early Pleistocene A. hailensis).  In a small sample size, the curvature of the dentary exhibits wide variability in character states both intraspecifically and interspecifically, bringing into question its utility in fossil crocodylian systematic applications.  The anatomy of the anterior extent of the splenial is phylogenetically informative, and a new method for inferring its presence as a basal or derived state (as a scar on the dentary) is described.
SUCCESSFUL PREDATION OF INVASIVE SOUTH AMERICAN CANE TOADS (RHINELLA MARINA) BY SOUTHERN WATERSNAKES (NERODIA FASCIATA)
Authors: Donini Jordan , Doody J. Sean
Published: June 2021

South American Cane Toads (Rhinella marina) have been introduced into several regions outside of their native distribution. Outside of their native range, few predators have been documented preying upon R.marina due to their potent toxins secreted in defense. However, prevalence of a toxin resistance gene makes it possible for some snakes of the sub-family Natricinae to consume native toads. We documented successful consumption of the invasive cane toad by the Southern Watersnake (Nerodia fasciata) in southwest Florida, both in the wild and in the laboratory. Southern Watersnakes from populations that existed both with and without cane toads successfully consumed toad prey without obvious ill-effect. Southern Watersnakes in southwest Florida are thus resistant to, and readily consume cane toads, an otherwise relatively predator-free invasive species in Florida. More dietary field data and controlled experiments that measure resistance to multiple prey items, sizes, and frequency will serve to determine the extent to which Southern Watersnakes can impact the size and structure of sympatric populations of cane toads.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE NORTHERN BLACK RACER (COLUBER CONSTRICTOR CONSTRICTOR) IN SOUTH-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
Authors: Dallas Jason , Meshaka Walter , Delis Pablo
Published: June 2021

Long-term species surveys are effective tools for identifying changes in population demography which is of particular importance for those in threatened habitats such as grasslands. Due to their cryptic nature, snakes can benefit greatly from these types of surveys but multiyear surveys for snakes are rare in Pennsylvania and the surrounding region. We conducted coverboard surveys of the grassland specialist Northern Black Racer (Coluber constrictor constrictor) over eight years separated into two sampling periods (2008-2012 and 2015-2017) across a habitat-mosaic in south-central Pennsylvania. We recorded information on their body size, demography, and monthly activity. We compared these traits between the sampling periods to determine how they vary over time. A total of 70 Northern Black Racers were captured during this project. As expected, grasslands were heavily exploited by Northern Black Racers highlighting their importance to this species. There was a shift from relatively larger-bodied, older individuals towards relatively smaller-bodied, younger individuals between the sampling periods, but the sex ratio remained unchanged. Monthly activity of adults was unimodal in both sampling periods, but the month of peak activity varied and there was a possible effect of precipitation on this difference. The change in age structure between the sampling periods suggested that a widespread mortality event, possibly from exceedingly cold overwintering conditions, may have culled older individuals resulting in a younger cohort to fill the void. As Northern Black Racers are an important grassland predator, our data show the benefits of long-term surveys through detecting changes in demographics that could potentially influence long-term survival of a population.
“The Origins of Speech Lie in Song”
Authors: Dooley Gillian
Published: June 2021

In Disgrace, David Lurie finds preposterous the proposition that “Human society has created language in order that we may communicate our thoughts, feelings and intentions to each other”, privately believing that, on the contrary, “the origins of speech lie in song” (Coetzee 2000: 3-4). In my 2010 book J. M. Coetzee and the Power of Narrative, I included a brief survey of references to music as a type of language in Coetzee’s work. In this paper I will examine my claim in greater depth, seeking musical resonances in his novel Age of Iron, both in his prose and in the form and structure of the novel. I will attempt to account for my impression that despite his reputation for spare, academic prose, Coetzee is a lyrical and impassioned writer, and that musical rhythms and structures are an essential element in his work.
Because the Poet
Authors: Pantalei Giulio Carlo
Published: June 2021

The transdisciplinary dialogue, the rebellious attitude, and the sublimation of dissidence by experimenting new forms as an act of hope are the key features of the relationship between Pier Paolo Pasolini and Patti Smith, who saluted the Italian writer as one of her greatest teachers throughout her entire career, along with Blake, Rimbaud and the Beats. From the poetry of Babel to the lyrics of Easter, passing through the photographic series Pasolini es vie, the eclectic American artist has never ceased to appraise the literary works and movies of this author as a constant source of inspiration, creating a bond that became very important to the audience but was never properly explored by the critics. In terms of reception, one should not forget that this original relationship also led many (especially outside Italy) to discover the figure of Pasolini. This article seeks to investigate Patti Smith’s Pasolini and the works that influenced her most, revealing through an intertextual and interdiscursive approach how the poet contributed to shape the imaginary and spiritual vision of one among the most important lyrical voices in the world today.
Alfabetizzazione di adulti immigrati
Authors: Baldo Gianluca
Published: June 2021

Language courses for immigrant women have recently attracted the interest of scholars. A number of cases are cited by literature and studied from both a linguistic and socioeconomic point of view. Immigrant women are vulnerable, especially when they arrive from countries where the gender gap is wider. In Italy, they may experience social isolation, when they are confined to family and childcare. Participating to L2 courses has subsequently not only a linguistic value; it contributes to emancipation and offers a chance for a higher participation to social life. A specific case is represented by Burkina Faso women in Spilimbergo (Pordenone), who in 2010, 2012 and 2015 attended three literacy courses specifically dedicated to them.
10X Genomics Single-Nucleus Assay of Transposase Accessible Chromatin-Sequencing for Epigenetic Profiling of Adult Human Tissues v1
Authors: Lake Blue , Diep Dinh , Zhang Kun , Urata Sarah
Published: June 2021

10x Genomics Single Cell ATAC (v1) sequencing is a microdroplet-based method that allows for the effective capture, sequencing and profiling of accessible chromatin in single nuclei. Chromatin accessibility is a major determinant of gene regulation, defining the transcriptional regulatory networks that determine cellular identity and function as well as additional biological processes (e.g., differentiation, proliferation, development and responses to the extracellular environment). Chromatin accessibility sequencing (ATAC-seq) provides insight into the upstream regulatory landscape associated with open and accessible chromatin regions. References 1. Lake et al. (2016). Science, doi:10.1126/science.aaf1204. 2. Lake et al. (2018). Nature Biotechnology, doi:10.1038/nbt.4038. 3. Lake et al. (2019). Nature Communications, doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10861-2. 4. Chromium Single Cell ATAC Reagent Kits User Guide v1 (Rev B) CG000168, support.10xgenomics.com. 5. Lake and Zhang. Nuclei Isolation Protocol Applicable to Adult Human Kidney Tissues, kpmp.org/researcher-resources.
A-Z of ancient DNA protocols for shotgun Illumina Next Generation Sequencing v2
Authors: A Fellows Yates James , Aron Franziska , U Neumann Gunnar , Velsko Irina , Skourtanioti Eirini , Orfanou Eleftheria , Fagernäs Zandra , Stahl Raphaela , Andrades Valtuena Aida , Warinner Christina , Haak Wolfgang , Brandt Guido
Published: June 2021

This collection contains established ancient DNA (aDNA) specific protocols for Illumina next generation sequencing. It covers sampling of skeletal remains for regions preserving higher amounts of aDNA, DNA extraction methods designed for retrieval of very short DNA fragments, and various library construction methods (including treatments for the 'removal' of typical aDNA damage). All protocols have been adapted after published protocols (see each for the corresponding original publication), and are used primarily in the Department of Archaeogenetics at the MPI-SHH (Jena, Germany). All protocols in this collection can be used together, and in some cases swapped out with others. All protocols prior indexing are mostly performed in a dedicated ancient DNA laboratory - please see the guidelines section of each protocol for more information. The order of protocols is as follows: 1. Sampling for aDNA Sampling of Pars petrosa (os temporale, ''petrous bones') for human aDNA extraction Sampling of teeth for human and microbial (e.g. pathogen) aDNA extraction Sampling of dental calculus for oral microbiome aDNA extraction 2. Retrieval of DNA Ancient DNA Extraction from Skeletal Material (based on the Dabney et al. 2013 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A protocol) Ancient DNA extraction from dental calculus (based on the Dabney et al. 2013 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A with extra washing steps from Ozga et al. 2016 Am J Phys Anthropol) 3. Library Preparation Library Adapter Preparation for Dual-Index Double Stranded DNA Illumina Sequencing (based on Meyer and Kircher 2010 Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. protocol) Non-UDG Treated double-stranded ancient DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing (requires 3.1, based on Meyer and Kircher 2010 Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. protocol) Half-UDG Treated double-stranded ancient DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing (Variant of 3.2, with partial damage removal treatment from Rohland et al. 2015 Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci) Full-UDG Treated double-stranded ancient DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing (Variant of 3.2, with complete damage removal treatment from Briggs et al. 2010 Nucleic Acids Res) Dual-Indexing of aDNA libraries for Illumina Sequencing (based on Meyer and Kircher 2010 Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. protocol) 4. Preparation for Sequencing Amplification and Pooling for dual-indexed Illumina library for sequencing
Study of prescription-indication of tetracyclines in a population in Colombia v1
Authors: Machado Alba Jorge , Valladales Luis
Published: June 2021

Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics is associated with increased antimicrobial resistance, adverse reactions, medical care costs and worse clinical outcomes. Objective: To determine the prescription patterns and approved and unapproved indications for tetracyclines in a group of patients in Colombia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, based on a database of medication dispensing of approximately 8.5 million people affiliated with the Colombian Health System, of the indications for the use of tetracyclines in outpatients. Sociodemographic, pharmacological and comorbidity variables were considered. Results: A total of 20,699 patients with a prescription of tetracyclines were identified, with a median age of 26.1 years; 65.0% were women. The most prescribed tetracycline was doxycycline (95.1%), especially for the treatment of acne (55.3%). A total of 23.5% of the prescriptions were used for unapproved indications, for example, vaginitis-vulvitis-vulvovaginitis (8.1%). Women, increasing age, residing in the Caribbean or Pacific region, being prescribed by general medicine practitioners and prescriptions for doxycycline were associated with a greater probability of receiving tetracyclines for unapproved indications. Conclusions: A high proportion of patients received tetracyclines for dermatological conditions, with a lower proportion of use for gynecological and respiratory infections. For approximately one-quarter of the cases, tetracyclines were prescribed for indications not approved by regulatory agencies, especially in those over 18 years and attended by general practitioners.
Human Rights and Strong Institutions: A Study of Amnesty International in Nigeria
Authors: Favour Ebieri , Folarin Sheriff
Published: June 2021

Human right is a topical issue globally but attaining it has remained very difficult.  Every day, people around the world face different forms of dehumanizing treatment from their governments, multinationals and other groups. For decade too, strong institutions have emerged to fight for the rights of the voiceless and the weak.  One of these institutions is Amnesty International (AI).  This paper examines the activities of Amnesty International in the promotion and protection of human rights vis-a-vis the nature of operations, contributions and challenges in Nigeria. The paper adopts desk research design, which is based on secondary sources from journals, books and other printed materials. Findings revealed that AI has significantly contributed to the promotion of human rights in Nigeria through different approaches such as advocacy/campaign, governance peer review, shaming-and-naming approach, and support for domestic civil rights groups, among others.  However, findings also showed that the main challenges of AI are the negative perceptions of some sections toward the organization as a tool for promoting western ideology and the low awareness and involvement of individuals at the grassroots in developing nations like Nigeria.  The paper recommends that the organization intensifies its promotional activities in a manner that would improve its reputation as well as help to educate and provide access for engagement of locals in developing countries.
Pro Homine Principle: An Axiological Compass in Interpretation Norms in the Field of Human Rights
Authors: Kowalska Samanta
Published: June 2021

The pro homine principle plays an important role in the objectification of the legislative process and the interpretation of regulations. The  current  paper  presents  the  pro  homine  principle  as  a  means  of  realisation  and  a  “canon  of  interpretation”  in  the  pursuit  of  more  effective  and  more  efficient  protection  of  the  rights  of  the  individual.  The  discussed  principle  may  also  be  used  to  fill  in  lacunas  in  international  treaties,  as  well  as  to  ensure  axiological  cohesion,  which  may  lead  to  crystallisation,  clarification  of  norms  or  their  evolution  into  principles  of  conventional  nature.  Implementation  of  the  pro  homine  principle supports  in  detecting  and  counteracting  arbitrariness  and  identifying  protective  measures  that  remain  merely  declarative  in  nature.
Assesing the Roles of Race and Profit in the Mass Incarceration of Black People in America
Authors: Iheme Williams C.
Published: June 2021

Shortly after the alleged discovery of America and its vast expanse of land waiting to be cultivated with cash crops using cheap human labor, millions of Africans fell victims and were kidnapped to work as slaves in American plantations for about four centuries. Even though it has been over 150 years since the official abolition of slavery in America, the effects of the 400 years of enslavement continue to reverberate: irrespective of the blackletter rights protecting Black people from injustices, the deep racist structures typically decrease the potency of these rights, and thus perpetuate oppression. This article assesses the roles being played by race and profit in the administration of criminal justice: it deems the systemic oppression of Black people as a humanitarian crisis and seeks to ascertain this by interpreting the attitudes of the various key players in the American Criminal Justice System, the majoritarian population, mainstream media, and Corporate America: it challenges some entrenched racist practices suspected to be the umbilical cord that links Black people in America with mass incarceration.
Automated geotechnical monitoring in construction of running tunnels in subways under operating railroads
Authors: Dymbrenov T. N. , Nasibullin R. R. , Bushtak N. V. , Leizer V. I.
Published: June 2021

The city of Moscow is currently faced with the extremely aggravating problem connected with traffic. Hereupon, majority of transportation systems are being expanded and upgraded. Construction of new running tunnels and subway stations, road spans, crossovers, underground parking lots, etc. is in process. The new construction affects the existing development sites in the time of surplus fallout, which leads to emergency situations. It is required to provide geotechnical monitoring of soil mass in the influence zone of new construction. To this effect, the wireless online monitoring system has been designed and introduced into surveillance of building structures and soil mass. The system is meant for the integrated and continuous observation of a control object. The operation charts and advantages of the wireless monitoring system are presented. The introduction experience of the automated geotechnical monitoring in the process of construction is described. The observation of a railroad overpass used the tilt sensors and crack meters. The deformation monitoring in soil mass was carried out using borehole deviation devices and extensometers. It is demonstrated that the time of the measurement cycles is related with the position of the shield tunneling face relative to the measurement boreholes. The interpreted data analysis proves correlation of the measured and predicted deformations. The deformation propagation in depth of soil mass is characterized. The data analysis made it possible to predict deformations of ground surface and, thereby, to eliminate a potential accident during shield tunneling under the surface railroad.