bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in mental imagery in different modalities and levels of intentionality
Authors: Floridou Georgia A. , Peerdeman Kaya J. , Schaefer Rebecca S.
Published: August 2021

Mental imagery is a highly common component of everyday cognitive functioning. While substantial progress is being made in clarifying this fundamental human function, much is still unclear or unknown. A more comprehensive account of mental imagery aspects would be gained by examining individual differences in age, sex, and background experience in an activity and their association with imagery in different modalities and intentionality levels. The current online study combined multiple imagery self-report measures in a sample (n = 279) with a substantial age range (18–65 years), aiming to identify whether age, sex, or background experience in sports, music, or video games were associated with aspects of imagery in the visual, auditory, or motor stimulus modality and voluntary or involuntary intentionality level. The findings show weak positive associations between age and increased vividness of voluntary auditory imagery and decreased involuntary musical imagery frequency, weak associations between being female and more vivid visual imagery, and relations of greater music and video game experience with higher involuntary musical imagery frequency. Moreover, all imagery stimulus modalities were associated with each other, for both intentionality levels, except involuntary musical imagery frequency, which was only related to higher voluntary auditory imagery vividness. These results replicate previous research but also contribute new insights, showing that individual differences in age, sex, and background experience are associated with various aspects of imagery such as modality, intentionality, vividness, and frequency. The study’s findings can inform the growing domain of applications of mental imagery to clinical and pedagogical settings.
Transition-metal-free intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction by alkene activation: A method for the synthesis of some novel xanthene derivatives
Authors: Yıldız Tülay , Baştaş İrem , Başpınar Küçük Hatice
Published: August 2021

In this work, new derivatives (substituted 9-methyl-9-arylxanthenes) of xanthene compounds (5a–l) of possible biological significance were synthesized by developing a new synthesis method. In order to obtain xanthene derivatives, the original alkene compounds to be used as the starting materials were synthesized in four steps using appropriate reactions. A cyclization reaction by intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation was carried out in order to synthesize the desired xanthene derivatives using the alkenes as starting compounds. The intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction was catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and provided some novel substituted 9-methyl-9-arylxanthenes with good yields at room temperature within 6–24 hours. As a result, an alkene compound was used for activation with TFA in the synthesis of xanthene through intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation for the first time.
KESALAHAN BERBAHASA PADA PENULISAN BERITA ONLINE SOROT SUKOHARJO EDISI MEI 2019
Authors: Achsani Ferdian
Published: August 2021

Berita merupakan salah satu laporan peristiwa yang bersifat faktual dan akurat sehingga dalam menulis berita perlu memperhatikan kaidah kebahasaan yang baik dan benar. Namun, hal tersebut belum tecermin dalam media berita online Sorot Sukoharjo. Masih ditemukan beberapa kesalahan berbahasa dalam penulisan berita di media online tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan berbahasa pada penulisan media berita online Sorot Sukoharjo. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik baca dan catat, yaitu peneliti membaca berita-berita di media daring Sorot Sukoharjo edisi Mei 2019. Kemudian, peneliti mencatat kesalahan berbahasa yang ditemukan pada penulisan berita yang diunggah. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesalahan-kesalahan berbahasa dalam penulisan berita di media Sorot Sukoharjo meliputi tataran sintaksis 13 data, tataran ejaan 25 data, dan kesalahan tataran fonologi 15 data. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesalahan ejaan merupakan kesalahan berbahasa yang paling dominan dalam penulisan berita di media online Sorot Sukoharjo.News is one of the factual and accurate reports, therefore it is necessary to use a good and correct language rules in writing news. However, this has not been reflected in some online news media. Several language errors in writing news still found in the online media. This study aims to analyze language errors in writing online news media, precisely in Sorot Sukoharjo. This research is classified as a qualitative descriptive type. Data collection was carried out using reading and note-taking techniques. Furthermore, the researcher reading the news in the May 2019 edition of Sorot Sukoharjo online media then recording the language errors found in the uploaded news. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the language errors in the Sorot Sukoharjo media include syntactic level of 13 data, spelling level of 25 data, and phonological level error of 15 data. Therefore, it can be concluded that spelling are the most dominant language errors in writing news on the Sorot Sukoharjo online media.
Analisa Data Penerimaan Siswa Pada Perguruan Tinggi melalui Jalur SNMPTN menggunakan Algoritma Fuzzy C-Means (Studi Kasus : SMAN 5 Kota Bengkulu)
Authors: Herwansah Aan
Published: August 2021

SMA Negeri 5 Bengkulu City is one of State Senior High Schools in Bengkulu City that has been accredited A with a total of 58 educators and 23 administrative staff and employees. In addition, SMA Negeri 5 Bengkulu City has also won many achievements both in academics (graduates of SMA N 5 Bengkulu City are accepted at the best universities in Indonesia through test and non-test pathways) as well as in the fields of science (Olympics), Sports, IMTAQ and the arts for the provincial and national levels. Application of student admissions data in higher education through SNMPTN using Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm at SMA N 5 Bengkulu City is an application that can help analyze data grouping based on student admission data into 3 groups. Data Analysis of Student Admissions in higher education through SNMPTN was made using the Visual Basic.Net programming language and SQL Server 2008 database by applying the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm. This application is able to provide information on the results of the analysis of student admissions at Higher Education through SNMPTN. The more data on student admissions in Higher Education, the more accurate the grouping results. Based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, the Application of Student Admission Data in Higher Education through SNMPTN can provide information on the results of data grouping divided into 3 groups, namely high, medium and low
Performance Enhancement of Split Air Conditioner During Evaporative Cooling Application
Authors: Rahmat Iman Mainil  , Ahmad Wisnu Sulaiman  , Afdhal Kurniawan Mainil  , Azridjal Aziz
Published: August 2021

The increase of condenser temperature and pressure in air-conditioning leads to decreased cooling capacity and the increase of power consumption. Evaporative cooling could improve the thermal performance of the system. In this study, the evaporative cooling module was installed before the condenser to reduce the inlet air temperature to the condenser unit. The impact of condenser air temperature on the air conditioning system's overall performance was determined by varying the cooling pad discharge water flowrate of 880, 1040, and 1200 mL/min. The cooling load of 2000 W was employed in this experiment. The obtained results were compared with the air conditioning without an evaporative cooling module. It shows that the coefficient of performance (COP) increases with the increase of discharge water flow rate. The highest COP obtained is 7.09 at the flow rate of 1200 mL/min. The compressor work reduces about 6.57 % as compared with the air conditioner without evaporative cooling application. Besides, the COP increases by 12. 95 % at the highest flow rate.
The Concept of Economic Evaluation and Its Application in Thyroid Cancer Research
Authors: Kim Kyungsik , Kim Mijin , Lim Woojin , Kim Bo Hyun , Park Sue K.
Published: August 2021

Economic evaluation is a type of comparative analysis between interventions in terms of both their resource use and health outcomes. Due to the good prognosis of thyroid cancer (TC), the socioeconomic burden of TC patients post-diagnosis is increasing. Therefore, economic evaluation studies focusing on TC are recommended. This study aimed to describe the concept and methods of economic evaluation and reviewed previous TC studies. Several previous studies compared the costs of interventions or evaluated recurrence, complications, or quality of life as measures of their effectiveness. Regarding costs, most studies focused on direct costs and applied hypothetical models. Cost-minimization analysis should be distinguished from simple cost analysis. Furthermore, due to the universality of the term “cost-effectiveness analysis” (CEA), several studies have not distinguished CEA from cost-utility analysis; this point needs to be considered in future research. Cost-benefit analyses have not been conducted in previous TC research. Since TC has a high survival rate and good prognosis, the need for economic evaluations has recently been pointed out. Therefore, correct concepts and methods are needed to obtain clear economic evaluation results. On this basis, it will be possible to provide appropriate guidelines for TC treatment and management in the future.
Effects of Intermittent Fasting on the Circulating Levels and Circadian Rhythms of Hormones
Authors: Kim Bo Hye , Joo Yena , Kim Min-Seon , Choe Han Kyoung , Tong Qingchun , Kwon Obin
Published: August 2021

Intermittent fasting has become an increasingly popular strategy in losing weight and associated reduction in obesity-related medical complications. Overwhelming studies support metabolic improvements from intermittent fasting in blood glucose levels, cardiac and brain function, and other health benefits, in addition to weight loss. However, concerns have also been raised on side effects including muscle loss, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalance. Of particular concern, the effect of intermittent fasting on hormonal circadian rhythms has received little attention. Given the known importance of circadian hormonal changes to normal physiology, potential detrimental effects by dysregulation of hormonal changes deserve careful discussions. In this review, we describe the changes in circadian rhythms of hormones caused by intermittent fasting. We covered major hormones commonly pathophysiologically involved in clinical endocrinology, including insulin, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids. Given that intermittent fasting could alter both the level and frequency of hormone secretion, decisions on practicing intermittent fasting should take more considerations on potential detrimental consequences versus beneficial effects pertaining to individual health conditions.
Policies for incentivizing orbital debris assessment and remediation
Authors: Bullock Carson , Johanson Robert T.
Published: August 2021

Space debris threatens to destroy valuable space infrastructure, but damages from debris are not an inevitability. The scientific community has ideas for how to prevent the creation of new debris and limit the impact of pre-existing debris, but it will take government action to see that vision through. This essay unpacks how we know what we know, in service of ultimately discussing how policy-makers can use predictions of the long-term risks posed by satellites and debris on the orbital environment to more effectively prescribe behavior for operators. Financial incentives for sustainability, including taxation and cap-and-trade systems, have the potential to greatly benefit the safety and reliability of space missions, but they carry a variety of political and economic challenges, particularly at the international level. Now is a critical time to determine a policy strategy for debris management, because negotiations in the near-term may set valuable precedents for controlling the next century of debris proliferation.
An interview with Professor Squire J. Booker: On science and diversity
Authors: Vera Axel O. , Avilés Vásquez Franklin J. , Badding Edward D.
Published: August 2021

Squire J. Booker is an Evan Pugh University Professor of Chemistry and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Pennsylvania State University (Penn State). He obtained a Ph.D. in biochemistry from MIT under Prof. JoAnne Stubbe. Prof. Booker’s research on radical-dependent enzymes has unraveled some mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and natural product biosynthesis, and he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2018. He is also an advocate for promoting diversity in science. He created and co-directs the Penn State Department of Chemistry Summer Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, which allows 10 undergraduate students from the United States to conduct chemical research on the topic of “catalysis and motion” every year at Penn State. The program mainly recruits women, students from underrepresented groups, and students from universities and colleges that lack strong research infrastructure. Prof. Booker is also on the steering committee of the Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students (ABRCMS), one of the largest professional conferences for underrepresented students with over 5000 yearly attendees, and is the Chair of the ABRCMS Chemistry Division. Here, we learn about Prof. Booker’s trajectory in science, how he became a faculty member, and his efforts to increase diversity in science. This interview was edited for clarity.
An interview with Professor Jonathan King. Part I: On social responsibility and activism in academia
Authors: Gill Manraj S. , McCormick Dylan M. , Cascino Jennifer A.
Published: August 2021

For nearly four decades, Prof. King has served as a faculty member in the Department of Biology at MIT. His work on protein folding and, importantly, misfolding as they relate to human disease and virus assembly has garnered numerous awards and honors: He was a Woodrow Wilson National Fellow, Jane Coffin Childs Fund Fellow, AAAS Fellow, Guggenheim Fellow, and recipient of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Merit Award. Additionally, Prof. King has taken critical roles at the intersection of science and public policy, including a tenure as President of the Biophysical Society in 1999. In 2003, he received the MIT Martin Luther King Leadership Award, which recognizes individuals who “embody the spirit of Dr. King’s work” [1] in their contributions to the MIT community. Prof. King’s recent efforts have focused on championing federal support for biomedical research as well as criticizing unrestrained defense spending. In part I of this interview, we examine the connections between science, activism, and policy through the lens of Prof. King’s diverse experiences as an academic and activist.
Equitable bikeway expansion: investigating potential links to gentrification and displacement
Authors: Soria Lizzette , Cohen Jesse , Molas y Molas Maria F. , Rizk Mena , Wisambodhi Parthito
Published: August 2021

Many cities across the globe are developing bikeways as a key strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and foster sustainable transportation. However, planners and community activists have raised concerns that bikeway expansion may induce gentrification and displacement, disproportionately affecting low-income communities and communities of color. While scholars have explored quantitative measurements of this relationship, the metrics fail to capture the nuances and complexity of gentrification as a socioeconomic phenomenon. Our analysis in Los Angeles (LA) examines the correlation between bikeway expansion and gentrification between 2010 and 2015. The findings suggest a minimal correlation between bikeway expansion and gentrification in the surrounding area. This brief provides policy considerations and future research recommendations. These include i) collecting and maintaining detailed bicycle infrastructure data, ii) assessing the relationship between bikeways and other key variables of wellbeing (e.g., housing, accessibility to services, health, and safety) through qualitative data, and iii) implementing meaningful participatory processes with diverse communities.
COVID-19 mitigation strategies for reduced transmission in U.S. prisons
Authors: Pfeiffer Olivia , Antony Shibu , Jacquot Grégoire , Huynh Amy , Kostioukhina Ekaterina , Kumar Akhil
Published: August 2021

During the global COVID-19 pandemic, prisons have been the center of numerous outbreaks. Current efforts in virus containment have largely failed, due to a lack of standardized guidelines and reporting of key data regarding testing, cases, and deaths within state prisons. This article addresses challenges associated with pandemic management in prisons and policy options to reduce risk to inmates, prison staff, and the communities surrounding prisons. A comprehensive framework for evaluating a state prison’s virus management can facilitate improved responses, in particular amongst the rise of more virulent strains and ongoing cases. Such a framework may also serve as guidance in other situations of a similar nature.
TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN CHINA’S CORN FARMING: AN APPLICATION OF GENERALIZED PRODUCTIVITY INDICATOR
Authors: Niu Zhiyong , Zhang Yining , Li Tianxiang , Baležentis Tomas , Štreimikienė Dalia , Shen Zhiyang
Published: August 2021

Total factor productivity (TFP) growth measures usually focus on a certain direction of optimization and ignore the general setting encompassing the input and output orientations simultaneously. This paper uses the generalized Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen (LHM) TFP indicator which is additively complete and can be decomposed by three mutually exclusive elements. The input- and output-oriented analysis is undertaken in order to derive the generalized TFP measured. The paper uses the corn production data from 19 Chinese provinces over the period of 2004–2017. This research is important as China is the second largest corn producer in the world. The TFP growth was observed for Chinese corn farming the rate of 0.56% per year. The technological progress (0.48%) was the major source of the TFP growth, whereas the importance of the technical efficiency change (0.09%) and scale efficiency change (–0.01%) was negligible.
Orbital Decay of Short-period Exoplanets via Tidal Resonance Locking
Authors: Ma Linhao , Fuller Jim
Published: August 2021

A large fraction of known exoplanets have short orbital periods where tidal excitation of gravity waves within the host star causes the planets’ orbits to decay. We study the effects of tidal resonance locking, in which the planet locks into resonance with a tidally excited stellar gravity mode. Because a star’s gravity mode frequencies typically increase as the star evolves, the planet’s orbital frequency increases in lockstep, potentially causing much faster orbital decay than predicted by other tidal theories. Due to nonlinear mode damping, resonance locking in Sun-like stars likely only operates for low-mass planets (M ≲ 0.1 M
Jup), but in stars with convective cores it can likely operate for all planetary masses. The orbital decay timescale with resonance locking is typically comparable to the star’s main-sequence lifetime, corresponding to a wide range in effective stellar quality factor (103 ≲ Q′ ≲ 109), depending on the planet’s mass and orbital period. We make predictions for several individual systems and examine the orbital evolution resulting from both resonance locking and nonlinear wave dissipation. Our models demonstrate how short-period massive planets can be quickly destroyed by nonlinear mode damping, while short-period low-mass planets can survive, even though they undergo substantial inward tidal migration via resonance locking.
The DUVET Survey: Direct T

e
-based Metallicity Mapping of Metal-enriched Outflows and Metal-poor Inflows in Markarian 1486
Authors: Cameron Alex J. , Fisher Deanne B. , McPherson Daniel , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Berg Danielle A. , Bolatto Alberto , Chisholm John , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Nielsen Nikole M. , Reichardt Chu Bronwyn , Rickards Vaught Ryan J. , Sandstrom Karin , Trenti Michele
Published: August 2021

We present electron temperature (T

e
) maps for the edge-on system Mrk 1486, affording “direct-method” gas-phase metallicity measurements across 5.″8 (4.1 kpc) along the minor axis and 9.″9 (6.9 kpc) along the major axis. These maps, enabled by strong detections of the [O iii] λ4363 auroral emission line across a large spatial extent of Mrk 1486, reveal a clear negative minor-axis T

e
gradient in which temperature decreases with increasing distance from the disk plane. We find that the lowest metallicity spaxels lie near the extremes of the major axis, while the highest metallicity spaxels lie at large spatial offsets along the minor axis. This is consistent with a picture in which low-metallicity inflows dilute the metallicity at the edges of the major axis of the disk, while star formation drives metal-enriched outflows along the minor axis. We find that the outflow metallicity in Mrk 1486 is 0.20 dex (1.6 times) higher than the average insterstellar medium (ISM) metallicity, and more than 0.80 dex (6.3 times) higher than metal-poor inflowing gas, which we observe to be below 5% Z
⊙. This is the first example of metallicity measurements made simultaneously for inflowing, outflowing, and inner disk ISM gas using consistent T

e
-based methodology. These measurements provide unique insight into how baryon-cycle processes contribute to the assembly of a galaxy like Mrk 1486.
Revision of Iranian Schoenlandella Cameron, 1905 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) with descriptions of two new species from Hormozgan province
Authors: Kang Ilgoo , Ameri Ali , Sharkey Michael J.
Published: August 2021

The Iranian species of the genus Schoenlandella Cameron, 1905 are revised based on morphological characters. The current work provides a key to species of Iranian Schoenlandella and species descriptions of two new species: S. angustigena Kang sp. nov. and S. latigena Kang sp. nov. This work results in increasing the number of Iranian Schoenlandella species from one to three species.
Nomenclatural revision of Cryptantha (Boraginaceae s. str.) names linked to South American taxa
Authors: Moroni Pablo , Martínez Agustina , Simpson Michael G.
Published: August 2021

During the preparation of the treatment of the genusCryptanthaLehmann ex G. Don for South America, numerous names were identified as needing typification to stabilize their nomenclature. As a result, lectotypes are designated for 11 names and second-step lectotypes for 20 names. Furthermore, supporting information about the type material of the basionyms of fourCryptanthanames already typified by Johnston (Eritrichium talquinumPhil.,Eritrichium dimorphumPhil.,Eritrichium carrizalensePhil., andEritrichium subamplexicaulePhil.) is provided.
Multispecies probiotics promote perceived human health and wellbeing: insights into the value of retrospective studies on user experiences
Authors: van der Geest A.M. , Besseling-van der Vaart I. , Schellinger-de Goede E.M. , van der Waal M.B. , Claassen E. , Flach J. , van de Burgwal L.H.M.
Published: August 2021

When taking a broader perspective on the societal impact of probiotics, engagement of end-users is important to discover unmet needs, define relevant health benefits and identify key considerations for successful implementation in daily practice. This study therefore takes a retrospective approach and analyses a database of user experiences to review the effects of four multispecies probiotic formulations. The user experiences were analysed in a dependent sample manner (without control group) and complement previous randomised controlled trials that have been performed with the formulations. The database consisted of 584 evaluable user experiences regarding the impact of probiotic supplementation on perceived quality of life (QoL), gastrointestinal (GIT) symptoms and reported stool consistency after two weeks of consumption. Two different scales were used (n=344 in a 5-point scale; n=240 in a 10-point scale), which are presented as separate analyses. In the combined population of the 5-point-scale questionnaire, a significant increase in perceived QoL and a significant reduction in perceived GIT symptoms was observed. Descriptive summaries also indicate that diarrhoea- and constipation-like stool patterns are reduced following supplementation. Moreover, half of participants indicated that probiotic supplementation had a positive effect on their unmet medical need, and 64% of users were likely to continue using the product. Similar results were observed in the 10-point scale questionnaire. Considering the clinical relevance of probiotic supplementation in specific target groups, subgroup analyses were performed on participants who consumed the products for diarrhoea, constipation, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and antibiotic usage. Overall, findings support the potential of probiotics to advance perceived human health and support the daily wellbeing of users. This systematic analysis of user experiences thereby contributes to the external validity of studies evaluating clinical effects of probiotics and increases knowledge on their societal impact.
Mehrsprachigkeit aus der Sicht Fremdsprachen-LehrerInnen in Deutschland und Frankreich
Authors: Putsche Julia
Published: August 2021

L’articolo propone una discussione della nozione di plurilinguismo e della sua ricezione presso futuri/e insegnanti di lingue in Francia e in Germania. Grazie ad estratti di interviste, esso illustra le rappresentazioni complesse che gli/le insegnanti hanno del plurilinguismo. Il contributo propone prospettive linguistiche e didattiche.
Le rappresentazioni degli italiani regionali: esperienze di formazione alla ricerca linguistica
Authors: Krakenberger Etna Rosa , Natale Silvia , Revelli Luisa
Published: August 2021

Cette contribution présente une initiative inter-universitaire de formation à la recherche linguistique, mise en place conjointement par l’Institut de Langue et littérature italienne de l’Université de Berne et le Département des Sciences Humaines et Sociales de l’Université de la Vallée d’Aoste. La recherche porte sur les italiens régionaux, observés à travers les réactions qu’ils déclenchent chez les locuteurs. Le sujet des attitudes linguistiques se prête à l’analyse grâce à des activités de groupe visant à expérimenter plusieurs approches méthodologiques. La mise en place de ces activités dans les deux universités se révèle une alternative à la dimension exclusivement individuelle que l’on associe encore trop souvent à la didactique et à la recherche universitaires.
Interprétariat « communautaire » – une tâche à haute responsabilité
Authors: Kyi-Drago Andrea
Published: August 2021

I colloqui all’interno di istituzioni pubbliche come la scuola, l’ospedale, la polizia ecc. sono fondamentali: è di primaria importanza capire ed essere capiti. Quando il richiedente non ha una buona padronanza della lingua delle istituzioni, si rivela necessaria la presenza di un interprete. Nello spazio francofono, più in particolare in Svizzera e in Canada, è prassi parlare di “interpreti comunitari”, poiché non si tratta del lavoro di un professionista. Nella maggior parte dei casi, le persone si rivolgono a interpreti non professionisti per motivi di costo o di disponibilità. Il termine di interpretariato comunitario (community interpreting) viene utilizzato per descrivere questa pratica nelle istituzioni appartenenti all’ambito sociale, medico o giuridico. Di tale situazione ci occuperemo in quest’articolo.
Daniela FINOCCHI (a cura di), Lingua madre duemiladiciotto – Racconti di donne straniere in Italia
Authors: Marocco Michela
Published: August 2021

La moitié des migrants à l’échelle mondiale sont des femmes; en Italie, les immigrées sont 54% des adultes étrangers. Les voyages des femmes sont silencieux, longs, tourmentés, heureux, dramatiques mais en tout cas silencieux. C’est le type du voyage raconté dans Lingua Madre Duemiladiciotto – Racconti di donne straniere in Italia [Langue Mère Deux mille dix-huit – Récits de femmes étrangères en Italie], une anthologie de récits de la XIIIème édition du Concours littéraire national Lingua Madre, un projet permanant de la Région Piémont adressé aux femmes étrangères (ou d’origine étrangère) résidant en Italie, avec une section réservée aux femmes italiennes qui voudraient parler des femmes étrangères qu’elles ont connues, rencontrées et qui auraient su leur transmettre «d’autres identités».
Legislators' Plague
Authors: Ferraz-Caetano José , Pinheiro Bruno D. A.
Published: August 2021

This chapter brings important novel insights and perspectives to the urging contemporary debate on public hygienist policies. The authors intend to explore how an episode of history of science can be used to explore the struggles of universal pandemic responses. The focus will be on the inception of science-based legislation, created to deal with public health emergencies, and their communication and social acceptance. They argue if any of the symptoms of science misinformation and a weak science foundation of legislative action identified in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic can be identified in an early 20th-century outbreak of bubonic plague in Portugal. They present a national legislative policy timeline towards the pandemic effort in the form of consolidated legislative responses to fight Porto's emerging pandemic in 1899. They also provide future studies on science-based policy with newfound material, aiding the characterization of the communication and eventual harmonization of concerted responses in preempting the spread of pandemics.
Obstacles as Building Blocks
Authors: Mendez-Carbajo Diego , Mixon Franklin G.
Published: August 2021

Although individuals generally do not wish to be expected to do good work with bad tools, there are some activities for which there are advantages to having to face certain types of obstacles. One of these is mental processing, an important facet of cognitive psychology. This study extends the work of cognitive psychologists by introducing font disfluency, or the use of difficult-to-read font or typeface, to the exam-taking phase of economics principles courses. Difference-in-means tests indicate that students completing exams that were formatted in the difficult-to-read font scored as many as 9.6 points higher than their counterparts who completed exams formatted in the traditional font. On the other hand, regression analysis controlling for student demographics and human capital failed to produce a statistically significant result. The authors believe, however, that this result is likely due to the omission of student effort in the regression specification. As such, further research on the impact of font disfluency on exam performance is clearly warranted.
The Biopolitics of Transformation to ERM Technologies
Authors: Diab Ahmed , Metwally Abdelmoneim Bahyeldin Mohamed
Published: August 2021

How risk management technologies are implemented in developing countries is largely under-researched. Using a perspective on bio-politics, this paper dissects how an infusion of risk management technologies permeates as a powerful managerial tool in governing subordinates. The notions of power/knowledge relations, disciplinary power, and governmentality enabled the authors to rehearse the Foucault's biopolitics perspective in an analysis of risk-based rationalities and risk management technologies. Qualitative case study research methods guided them to gather empirical evidence from a privately owned, Egyptian insurance firm. They found that risk management technologies are conjoined with institutional and discursive ramifications in a developing country where burgeoning neoliberal economic remedies are being diffused and adopted. Further, risk management technologies go hand in hand with this ensuing neoliberal agenda, making it inescapable for organisational managers in such a developing country to adopt these technologies for their survival and sustainability.
Water Disinfection Using Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Zazouli Mohammad Ali , Eslamifar Masoumeh , Javan Farzaneh
Published: August 2021

Waterborne disease has changed a basic challenge in human population. recently, the use of nanotechnology and application of nanomaterials for the control of pathogens in water is widely increased in research. Common indicator for microbial quality of water are determine presence of total and fecal coliforms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and combination of them in removing total and fecal coliform bacteria from contaminated water. In this experimental study a synthetic solution was made by adding effluent to distilled water. In each run, the nano silver (20-100 μg /L) and ZnO NPs (0.25-2 mg/L) were added to contaminated water. The samples were tested by 15-tube series method based on the instruction 9221-B of 21th edition of standard method book on water and wastewater experiments. Bacteria removal efficiency were examined in contact times (15, 30,60, 90 and 120) minutes. Our data indicate a decrease in the number of bacteria (MPN) in the presence of the nanoparticles. Results revealed that the removal percentage of coliform bacteria removal increased with increasing the contact time and concentrations of nanoparticles. Ag NPs at a concentration of 100 μg /L and ZnO NPs at a concentration of 2 mg/L showed the highest percentage of removal bacteria and the combination of ZnO and Ag NPs have been high synergistic behavior against coliform bacteria in contaminated water. therefore, using a combination of ZnO and Ag NPs can become a new and efficient method for the removal of indicator bacteria from contaminated water.
Morphological Compared Study of PM2.5 Particles in Air Pollution of Ulaanbaatar
Authors: Tuvjargal Norovsambuu , Enkhtsetseg L. , Shagjjamba D. , Zuzaan P. , Amartaivan Tsenddavaa
Published: August 2021

In this study, we report a change of morphological distribution for PM2.5 air pollution in Ulaanbaatar. Comparing the measurement results in 2011 and 2017 the concentration of particle size 0.8μm was decreased from 92% to 76.7%. Among winter samples in 2011 it is identified 0.4-0.8μm sized particles covering 48.8% of total, and for samples in 2017 it is 61.7%. This shows that 0.4-0.8 microns of particulate matter predominate in the air pollution caused by solid fuel combustion. The 66.8% of the particles identified <0.8μm sized are in summer samples in 2011. This percentage has increased up to 94.5% in the samples in 2017. It is having been to the most harmful fraction of particulate matters for human health. About particulate shapes distribution, irregular shapes dominated in winter in 2011 and sphere shapes dominated in summer samples. While irregular shapes dominated in the samples in 2017, it was independent of season. This provides on origin of pollution, for example, the summer PM2.5 pollution is sphere shape from the soil in summer and winter PM2.5 pollution is irregular from the solid fuel combustion. This is a pilot compared study of PM2.5 particles in air pollution of Ulaanbaatar.
Calculation of Pairwise Effective Potentials in the Disordered Ni-22.5at.%Fe Alloy Using Model Potential Method with Account of Size Effect
Authors: Silonov Valentin , Enkhtor Lkhamsuren
Published: August 2021

Pairwise effective potentials in first seventeen shells of the Ni-22.5at.%Fe alloy are calculated using model potential method with account of the linear size effect. Using obtained values of pairwise effective potentials, the short range order parameters on the first seventeen shells of alloy are calculated by Krivoglaz-Clapp-Moss method. The calculated values ​​of the short-range order parameters were fitted to the experimental values ​​by varying the parameters of static atomic displacements. Reliable value of critical temperature of order-disorder phase transition in Ni-22.5at.%Fe alloy was calculated using obtained meanings of pairwise effective potentials.
Mechanical Bottom-up Nano-Assembling and Nano-Manipulation Using Shape Memory Alloy Nano-Gripper
Authors: von Gratowski Svetlana , Koledov Victor , Kosakowskiya Zoya , Lega Peter , Orlov Andrey , Cotta Monica A.
Published: August 2021

The numerous 1-D and 2-D nanomaterials: nanotubes, nanowires (NWs), graphene, etc. were discovered, synthesized and intensively studied in the past decades. These nanomaterials had appeared to reveal the unique physical and functional properties allowing constructing the large number of nanodevice based on single nanoobjects. Recently many studies have led to a wide range of proof-of-concept of individual nanoscale devices including nanolasers, nanosensors, field-effect transistors (nanoFETs) and many others based on NWs, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and many other nanoobjects. Such nanodevices represent attractive building blocks for hierarchical assembly of microscale and macroscopic devices which are attractive for creating of micro-and –macro-devices and arrays by the bottom-up and hybrid paradigm. In this paper the conceptual survey is given of nowadays achievements in the field of mechanical bottom-up nanoassembling. We emphasize on the system based on smallest and the fastest in the World nanotweezer developed on the base of the new smart materials with shape memory effect for nanomanipulation of real nanoobjects. We discuss the recent experiments on nanomanipulation, nanoassembling and nanomanufacturing of nanoand micro-devices using this method, which in many cases can replaced very expensive “top-down” technologies.
Structure and Magnetocaloric Effect of B-Doped Mn-Fe-P-Si Compounds
Authors: Xing Shou Yuan , Lin Song , Song Zhi Qiang , Ou Zhi Qiang
Published: August 2021

We reported the structural, magnetic and magenetocaloric properties of Mn1.25Fe0.75P0. 50Si0.50Bx(x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04) X-ray diffraction patterns show that all compounds crystallize in the hexagonal Fe2P-type crystal structure. Lattice parameter a increases while c decreases with increasing B contents. The Curie temperature of the compounds have been determined, the values are 219, 268 and 323.2 K for x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, respectively. The maximum magnetic entropy changes in a field change of 0~1.5 T are 6.1, 5.3 and 3.5J/kg·K for x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04, respectively.
Comparative Acid Leaching Study of Mongolian Muscovite and Montmorillonite Clay Minerals
Authors: Oyun-Erdene Gendenjamts , Anudari Dolgormaa , Mandakhsaikhan Luvsandagva , Zolzaya Tsoodol , Temuujin Jadambaa
Published: August 2021

Acid activation is the most commonly used method to enhance the chemical and physical properties of clay minerals. Porous structure formation behavior depends on the crystal structure of clay minerals. Within the same structure of clay minerals, their resistance to acid also varies. Acid leaching has been used to increase the surface area of clay minerals and obtain solids with high porosity and many acidic sites. This paper is focused on the results of acid leaching of Mongolian clay minerals (montmorillonite and muscovite). Both clay minerals belong to a group of phyllosilicates with the 2:1 crystal structure. The influence of acid concentration and leaching time on the porous properties of silica was studied. Initially, the montmorillonite was pre-treated by a simple physical purification methods. The montmorillonite and muscovite were acid leached by a 10% hydrochloric acid solution in an autoclave at 120°C for 10h. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface area used for characterization of the raw and leached samples. The surface area of leached montmorillonite increased up to 77% and muscovite up to 63%. Clay mineral’s swelling character and isomorphic substitution of the octahedral layer show the main influence on porous structure formation.
Preparation and Spectrial Studies of Silicon Nitride Thin Films Containing Amorphous Silicon Quantum Dots
Authors: Sun Jia Xin , Zhou Bing Qin , Gu Xin
Published: August 2021

Silicon-rich silicon nitride thin films are prepared on P-type monocrystalline silicon wafer (100) and glass substrate by plasma chemical vapor deposition with reaction gas sources SiH4 and NH3. The deposited samples are thermally annealed from 600°C to 1000°C in an atmosphere furnace filled with high purity nitrogen. The annealing time is 60 minutes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is carried out to investigate the bonding configurations in the films. The results show that the Si-H bond and N-H bond decrease with the increase of annealing temperature, and completely disappear at the annealing temperature of 900°C. But the Si-N bond is enhanced with the increase of annealing temperature, and the blue shift occurs, then Si content in the film increases. The Raman Spectra show that the amorphous Si Raman peak appears at 480 cm-1 in the film at 700°C. The Raman spectra of the films annealed at 1000 °C is fitted with two peaks, and a peak at 497 cm -1 is found, which indicated that the Si phase in the films changed from amorphous to crystalline with the increase of annealing temperature. The experiment also analyses the luminescence properties of the samples through PL spectrum, and it is found that there are five luminescence peaks in each sample under different annealing temperature. Based on the analysis of Raman spectrum and FTIR spectrum, the PL peak of amorphous silicon quantum dots appears at the wavelength range of 525-555nm, and the other four PL peaks are all from the defect state luminescence in the thin films, and the amorphous silicon quantum dot size is calculated according to the formula.
Characterization of Substrate Materials of Pump Parts and Copper Ore Slurry from a Mongolian Mining Site
Authors: Stehr Gunther C. , Purvee Ariunbolor , Baatar Battsengel
Published: August 2021

Slurry pumps are used to move and lift a mixture of copper ore and water at mineral processing plants. However, in the process, the pumps wear out at a high rate, which is costly and time consuming. This paper is a characterization of the chemical composition, microstructure, and hardness of samples from a copper ore mining company’s slurry pump and gravel material. With this information, studies using new technology and cladding materials can then be conducted, to compare and select the most effective treatment of the slurry pump’s surfaces to increase its operational lifetime.
Solubility and Aggregation Behavior of Octanoyl Amino Acids Magnesium Complexes
Authors: Gerile Naren , Zhang Ying , Shi Yi Feng , Bao Ta Na , Bolag Altan , Tegus Ojiyed
Published: August 2021

Using L-octanoyl alanine and L-octanoyl phenylalanine as precursors, they are reacted with magnesium hydroxide to prepare two low-molecular complexes Mg(oct-L-ala)2 and Mg(oct-L-phe)2. The composition and structure of the two complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and moisture analyzer, with the solubility and aggregation behavior of the complexes studied. A comparison of the two complexes shows that the Mg(oct-L-ala)2 complex exhibits better solubility and is easier to aggregate in the mixed solution. In addition, the aggregated solid formed by the aggregation of these two complexes in the solution has optically heterogeneous properties. After further heating and cooling treatment, the Mg(oct-L-phe)2 complex still retains the optically anisotropic state (liquid crystal state), while the Mg(oct-L-ala)2 complex forms an optically homogeneous morphology (glass state). This may be affected by the benzene ring functional group in the Mg(oct-L-phe)2 complex.
Dreaming during the COVID-19 lockdown: a comparison of Italian adolescents and adults
Authors: Sommantico Massimiliano , Iorio Ilaria , Lacatena Marina , Parrello Santa
Published: August 2021

Based on the continuity hypothesis of dreaming, we have studied the effects of lockdown measures on Italian adolescents’ and adults’ dreams during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A sample of 475 subjects (73.9% women; 48.4% adolescents; ages 12-70 years, M=25.10, SD=12.2) was recruited via the Internet between April 17, 2020 and May 18, 2020. Participants were asked to provide socio-demographic data, as well as to report their Most Recent Dream. Results indicated that adults’ dreams were the longest, as well as characterized by higher emotional intensity, predominantly negative emotions, and a higher presence of sensory impressions. Furthermore, results indicated that the participants, especially adolescents, who were most directly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic reported the strongest effects on their dreams. Results also indicated that women recall dreams more often than men, in addition to reporting higher emotional intensity, predominantly negative emotions, and a higher presence of sensory impressions. Finally, results of the Thematic Analysis of Elementary Contexts showed that adults’ dreams seem to be centered, above all, on both pleasant memories linked to experiences that are now forbidden (i.e., traveling, meeting friends) as well as on nightmares, while adolescents’ dreams focused on relationships with others. Finally, both adults and adolescents reported dreams related to the experience of home confinement, which they described in terms of the negative emotions they experienced. In sum, the findings of this study indicate that the COVID-19 lockdown measures, understood as a contextual and traumatic event, significantly affect people’s oneiric lives, regardless of age.
The Effect of Vasopressin during Hysteroscopic Myomectomy in Patients with Submucosal Myoma
Authors: Rouholamin Safoura , Hashemi Maryam , Haghshenas Sara
Published: August 2021

Background:

The aim was to assess the effect of vasopressin in reducing the time of surgery, amount of bleeding, and fluid deficit during hysteroscopic myomectomy of submucosal myoma from 2016 to 2018.

Materials and methods:

This study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, single-blinded clinical trial on the premenopausal women ranged from 18 to 62 years' old. A number of 80 patients were randomly assigned to each arm of the study according to random consecutive numbers. The control group (n = 40) of patients underwent conventional hysteroscopic myomectomy without vasopressin and the case group (n = 40) underwent hysteroscopic myomectomy with the injection of diluted vasopressin. Measured outcomes were time for myomectomy, fluid deficit, inflow volume, visual clarity, and postoperation hemoglobin level.

Results:

The mean time of myomectomy was 38.1 and 77.38 min in vasopressin and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean inflow volume was 2800 and 4100 in vasopressin and control groups, respectively (P = 0.029). The visual clarity score was 8.5 and 6.5 in the vasopressin and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The injection of vasopressin during hysteroscopic myomectomy is effective in the management of fluid deficit, time of surgery, and improvement of visual clarity.