bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Variable Selection for Multivariate Spatially Varying Coefficient Regression
Authors: Reich Brian J. , Fuentes Montserrat , Herring Amy H. , Evenson Kelly R.
Published: October 2009

Summary Physical activity has many well‐documented health benefits for cardiovascular fitness and weight control. For pregnant women, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists currently recommends 30 minutes of moderate exercise on most, if not all, days; however, very few pregnant women achieve this level of activity. Traditionally, studies have focused on examining individual or interpersonal factors to identify predictors of physical activity. There is a renewed interest in whether characteristics of the physical environment in which we live and work may also influence physical activity levels. We consider one of the first studies of pregnant women that examines the impact of characteristics of the built environment on physical activity levels. Using a socioecologic framework, we study the associations between physical activity and several factors including personal characteristics, meteorological/air quality variables, and neighborhood characteristics for pregnant women in four counties of North Carolina. We simultaneously analyze six types of physical activity and investigate cross‐dependencies between these activity types. Exploratory analysis suggests that the associations are different in different regions. Therefore, we use a multivariate regression model with spatially varying regression coefficients. This model includes a regression parameter for each covariate at each spatial location. For our data with many predictors, some form of dimension reduction is clearly needed. We introduce a Bayesian variable selection procedure to identify subsets of important variables. Our stochastic search algorithm determines the probabilities that each covariate's effect is null, non‐null but constant across space, and spatially varying. We found that individual‐level covariates had a greater influence on women's activity levels than neighborhood environmental characteristics, and some individual‐level covariates had spatially varying associations with the activity levels of pregnant women.
Estimating Treatment Effects of Longitudinal Designs using Regression Models on Propensity Scores
Authors: Achy‐Brou Aristide C. , Frangakis Constantine E. , Griswold Michael
Published: October 2009

Summary We derive regression estimators that can compare longitudinal treatments using only the longitudinal propensity scores as regressors. These estimators, which assume knowledge of the variables used in the treatment assignment, are important for reducing the large dimension of covariates for two reasons. First, if the regression models on the longitudinal propensity scores are correct, then our estimators share advantages of correctly specified model‐based estimators, a benefit not shared by estimators based on weights alone. Second, if the models are incorrect, the misspecification can be more easily limited through model checking than with models based on the full covariates. Thus, our estimators can also be better when used in place of the regression on the full covariates. We use our methods to compare longitudinal treatments for type II diabetes mellitus.
Detecting Genomic Aberrations Using Products in a Multiscale Analysis
Authors: Yu Xuesong , Randolph Timothy W. , Tang Hua , Hsu Li
Published: October 2009

Summary Genomic instability, such as copy‐number losses and gains, occurs in many genetic diseases. Recent technology developments enable researchers to measure copy numbers at tens of thousands of markers simultaneously. In this article, we propose a nonparametric approach for detecting the locations of copy‐number changes and provide a measure of significance for each change point. The proposed test is based on seeking scale‐based changes in the sequence of copy numbers, which is ordered by the marker locations along the chromosome. The method leads to a natural way to estimate the null distribution for the test of a change point and adjusted p‐values for the significance of a change point using a step‐down maxT permutation algorithm to control the family‐wise error rate. A simulation study investigates the finite sample performance of the proposed method and compares it with a more standard sequential testing method. The method is illustrated using two real data sets.
Age at Death Estimation in Adults by Computer‐Assisted Histomorphometry of Decalcified Femur Cortex
Authors: Martrille Laurent , Irinopoulou Théano , Bruneval Patrick , Baccino Eric , Fornes Paul
Published: October 2009

Abstract:  In 1965, Kerley pioneered histomorphometry of bone as an aging method. The technique has been modified by several authors, and some have used computer‐assisted image analysis. Undecalcified bone sections used in these methods are obtained with a diamond wafer saw or by grinding the sections manually or automatically with abrasive paper. In the present study, we examined the application of histomorphometry to decalcified bone sections, routinely obtained in every pathology lab, from paraffin blocks cut with a standard microtome. This study was divided into two parts: in the first, we tested different decalcifying methods to determine the most appropriate for femoral bone; in the second part, we used computer‐assisted histomorphometry to estimate age at death in 29 samples of femoral bone. We measured intact osteon density (N.On), fragmented osteon density (N.On.Fg) and percentage of lamellar bone surface per unit area (Lm.B.Ar) in the cortex of the femoral midshaft, on four or 20 fields per section. We found that 20% nitric acid solution at room temperature proved to be the best decalcifying method, with a mean decalcification duration of 1 week. Fragmented osteon density was found to be the morphometric feature most closely correlated with age, followed by intact osteon density; Lm.B.Ar. did not increase accuracy. The best accuracy (4.1 ± 3.5 years) was obtained for individuals under the age of 70 when measurements of 20 fields were used for the analysis. For all individuals, the inaccuracy was 6.1 ± 6.2 years and 8.1 ± 8 years, with 20 and four fields respectively. The present study shows that decalcification of bone sections can be used for age estimation at death. This procedure is particularly useful in case of mass disaster as it is easily done in any pathology department.
DNA Preparation from Sexual Assault Cases by Selective Degradation of Contaminating DNA from the Victim
Authors: Garvin Alex M. , Bottinelli Michel , Gola Mauro , Conti Ario , Soldati Gianni
Published: October 2009

Abstract:  The standard method to purify sperm DNA from vaginal swabs taken from rape victims is to selectively digest the victim’s epithelial cells to solubilize the victim’s DNA, and then separate the soluble DNA from the intact sperm by centrifugation. A different approach to removing the soluble victim’s DNA is to selectively degrade it using a nuclease, DNase I. DNase I reduces the amount of soluble DNA by over 1000‐fold, while having virtually no effect on the sperm DNA remaining in the sperm head and inaccessible to the enzyme. Nuclease inactivation and sperm lysis then yield a soluble, pure male DNA fraction. An aliquot of soluble DNA is removed prior to nuclease addition to provide the victim’s fraction. Vaginal swabs taken at defined time points following consensual sex and taken from rape victims were processed using the nuclease method or the standard method and the nuclease method gave superior short tandem repeat profiles.
An Unusual Zip Gun Suicide—Medicolegal and Ballistic Examination
Authors: Hejna Petr , Šafr Miroslav
Published: October 2009

Abstract:  Home‐made guns are imitations of typical firearms and usually have handgun characteristics. This article presents an unusual case of a suicide carried out by means of a fatal gunshot wound to the head using a home‐made zip gun. A 49‐year‐old male, with a history of paranoid psychosis was found dead in the dwelling place of a family house. The investigation at the crime scene did not lead to suspicion of a gunshot wound because of the unusual nature of the firearm used. A medical examiner diagnosed an opened head injury as the primary cause of the victim’s death. The autopsy findings provided immediate grounds for further inspection of the crime scene. Subsequently, a simple zip gun, which had been overlooked during the scene investigation, was discovered. An undeformed projectile recovered from the victim’s head was consistent with the use of the home‐made firearm. Following the completion of the investigations and autopsy, the death was classified as a suicide.
Zoledronic acid repolarizes tumour‐associated macrophages and inhibits mammary carcinogenesis by targeting the mevalonate pathway
Authors: Coscia Marta , Quaglino Elena , Iezzi Manuela , Curcio Claudia , Pantaleoni Francesca , Riganti Chiara , Holen Ingunn , Mönkkönen Hannu , Boccadoro Mario , Forni Guido , Musiani Piero , Bosia Amalia , Cavallo Federica , Massaia Massimo
Published: October 2009

It is unknown whether zoledronic acid (ZA) at clinically relevant doses is active against tumours not located in bone. Mice transgenic for the activated ErbB‐2 oncogene were treated with a cumulative number of doses equivalent to that recommended in human beings. A significant increase in tumour‐free and overall survival was observed in mice treated with ZA. At clinically compatible concentrations, ZA modulated the mevalonate pathway and affected protein prenylation in both tumour cells and macrophages. A marked reduction in the number of tumour‐associated macrophages was paralleled by a significant decrease in tumour vascularization. The local production of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin‐10 was drastically down‐regulated in favour of interferon‐γ production. Peritoneal macrophages and tumour‐associated macrophages of ZA‐treated mice recovered a full M1 antitumoral phenotype, as shown by nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kB, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production. These data indicate that clinically achievable doses of ZA inhibit spontaneous mammary cancerogenesis by targeting the local microenvironment, as shown by a decreased tumour vascularization, a reduced number of tumour‐associated macrophages and their reverted polarization from M2 to M1 phenotype.
Targeting and retention of HPV16 E7 to the endoplasmic reticulum enhances immune tumour protection
Authors: Loera‐Arias M.J. , Martínez‐Pérez A.G. , Barrera‐Hernández A. , Ibarra‐Obregón E.R. , González‐Saldívar G. , Martínez‐Ortega J.I. , Rosas‐Taraco A. , Villanueva‐Olivo A. , Esparza‐González S.C. , Villatoro‐Hernandez J. , Saucedo‐Cárdenas O. , Montes‐de‐Oca‐Luna R.
Published: October 2009

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is where the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are loaded with epitopes to cause an immune cellular response. Most of the protein antigens are degraded in the cytoplasm to amino acids and few epitopes reach the ER. Antigen targeting of this organelle by Calreticulin (CRT) fusion avoids this degradation and enhances the immune response. We constructed a recombinant adenovirus to express the E7 antigen with an ER‐targeting signal peptide (SP) plus an ER retention signal (KDEL sequence). In cell‐culture experiments we demonstrated that this new E7 antigen, SP‐E7‐KDEL, targeted the ER. Infection of mice with this recombinant adenovirus that expresses SP‐E7‐KDEL showed interferon induction and tumour‐protection response, similar to that provided by an adenovirus expressing the E7 antigen fused to CRT. This work demonstrated that just by adding a SP and the KDEL sequence, antigens can be targeted and retained in the ER with a consequent enhancement of immune response and tumour protection. These results will have significant clinical applications.
Multifunctional host defense peptides: intracellular‐targeting antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Nicolas Pierre
Published: October 2009

There is widespread acceptance that cationic antimicrobial peptides, apart from their membrane‐permeabilizing/disrupting properties, also operate through interactions with intracellular targets, or disruption of key cellular processes. Examples of intracellular activity include inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis, inhibition of chaperone‐assisted protein folding and enzymatic activity, and inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane septum formation and cell wall synthesis. The purpose of this minireview is to question some widely held views about intracellular‐targeting antimicrobial peptides. In particular, I focus on the relative contributions of intracellular targeting and membrane disruption to the overall killing strategy of antimicrobial peptides, as well as on mechanisms whereby some peptides are able to translocate spontaneously across the plasma membrane. Currently, there are no more than three peptides that have been convincingly demonstrated to enter microbial cells without the involvement of stereospecific interactions with a receptor/docking molecule and, once in the cell, to interfere with cellular functions. From the limited data currently available, it seems unlikely that this property, which is isolated in particular peptide families, is also shared by the hundreds of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides that differ in length, amino acid composition, sequence, hydrophobicity, amphipathicity, and membrane‐bound conformation. Microbial cell entry and/or membrane damage associated with membrane phase/transient pore or long‐lived transitions could be a feature common to intracellular‐targeting antimicrobial peptides and mammalian cell‐penetrating peptides that have an overrepresentation of one or two amino acids, i.e. Trp and Pro, His, or Arg. Differences in membrane lipid composition, as well as differential lipid recruitment by peptides, may provide a basis for microbial cell killing on one hand, and mammalian cell passage on the other.
Mouse recombinant protein C variants with enhanced membrane affinity and hyper‐anticoagulant activity in mouse plasma
Authors: Krisinger Michael J. , Guo Li Jun , Salvagno Gian Luca , Guidi Gian Cesare , Lippi Giuseppe , Dahlbäck Björn
Published: October 2009

Mouse anticoagulant protein C (461 residues) shares 69% sequence identity with its human ortholog. Interspecies experiments suggest that there is an incompatibility between mouse and human protein C, such that human protein C does not function efficiently in mouse plasma, nor does mouse protein C function efficiently in human plasma. Previously, we described a series of human activated protein C (APC) Gla domain mutants (e.g. QGNSEDY‐APC), with enhanced membrane affinity that also served as superior anticoagulants. To characterize these Gla mutants further in mouse models of diseases, the analogous mutations were now made in mouse protein C. In total, seven mutants (mutated at one or more of positions P10S12D23Q32N33) and wild‐type protein C were expressed and purified to homogeneity. In a surface plasmon resonance‐based membrane‐binding assay, several high affinity protein C mutants were identified. In Ca2+ titration experiments, the high affinity variants had a significantly reduced (four‐fold) Ca2+ requirement for half‐maximum binding. In a tissue factor‐initiated thrombin generation assay using mouse plasma, all mouse APC variants, including wild‐type, could completely inhibit thrombin generation; however, one of the variants denoted mutant III (P10Q/S12N/D23S/Q32E/N33D) was found to be a 30‐ to 50‐fold better anticoagulant compared to the wild‐type protein. This mouse APC variant will be attractive to use in mouse models aiming to elucidate the in vivo effects of APC variants with enhanced anticoagulant activity.
PLAY SCHOOL—THE DOORWAY TO A CHILD'S WORLD*
Authors: Lambert Clara
Published: October 2009

With the impact of the war, farsighted communities all over America in cities, towns, villages, and newly developed industrial war areas have pooled villages, and newly developed industrial war areas have pooled their thinking to establish centers to which school‐age children can come centers to which school‐age children can come when school is out. The following article, based on the long experience of the Play Schools Association, is a picture of one center‐in reality, a composite of many. For both teachers and children i t can be described as first steps up in learning to live together. Mrs. Lambert is Director of Teacher Education of the Play Schools Association, an organization devoted to meeting the out‐of‐school needs of school‐age children.She is the author of “School's Out,” recently published by Harper and Brothers.
ORTHOPEDIC FACTS ABOUT FOOTBALL*
Authors: Crowe Harold E.
Published: October 2009

Growing boys of high school age are sometimes injured permanently on the football field or the basketball court. These injuries can be prevented. An eminent orthopedist sounds a timely note of caution.—Ed.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE HEALTH INFORMATION IN SELECTED HEALTH EDUCATION TEXTBOOKS FOR GRADES SEVEN AND EIGHT1
Authors: Ludwig Donald James
Published: October 2009

Abstract— Fourteen health textbooks, seven in each of the seventh and eighth grades, were analyzed for their content in terms of emphasis, location, and repetition. Items of health information were extracted and the total number of words devoted to each item was counted. The content was assigned to eight large areas of health, 23 topics under the eight areas, and 98 subtopics under the topics. Emphasis was determined on the basis of the number of items and the percentage of words devoted to each area, topic, and subtopic.
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH A VALUABLE ADDITION to the UNIVERSITY CURRICULUM
Authors: Russell RobertD.
Published: October 2009

The need for an enlightened health education of the public is now an established fact. The term health education might be mistaken to imply only health instruction. This stage, however, lies behind us and health education, recognized as an essential component of every social welfare programme, must become an education for living.
CIGARETTE SMOKING, CIGARETTE ADVERTISING AND HEALTH*
Authors: Mitchell Roger S.
Published: October 2009

“She generally gave herself good advice (though she very seldom followed it) …,” from Alice in Wonderland.
RESEARCH OF INTEREST
Authors: Staton Wesley M.
Published: October 2009

Abstracts of selected research and reviews of research in school health education, health services and guidance, healthful school living, and health science …
RESEARCH OF INTEREST
Authors: Peterson Louis J. , Whaley Russell F.
Published: October 2009

Freimer, Earl H. and McCarty, Maclyn, “Rheumatic Fever,”

Takagi, Y., McGlone, R., and Millard, R., “A Survey of Speech Disorders of Individuals With Clefts,”

Weiss, Thalia and Glasser, Betty, “Social Adjustments of Adolescents Discharged From a Mental Hospital,”

Korsch, B. et al., “Infant Care and Punishment: A Pilot Study,”

Whaley, R. F., and Tait, G. T., “How Well Do College Students Know Their Blood Types?,”

Sherwin, A. et al., “Determination of Psychiatric Impairment In Children,”

Stewart, D. J., “A Dental Service for Children with Bleeding Disorders,”

Hochbaum, G. M., “Research to Improve Health Education,”
RESEARCH OF INTEREST
Authors: Peterson Louis J. , Whaley Russell F.
Published: October 2009

Linder, Forrest E., “The Health of the American People,”

Huenemann, Ruth L., “A Nutrition Study of Teenagers,”

Caldbeck‐Meenan, John, “Screening University Students With the C.M.I.,”

Levin, Marvin E. and Recant, Lillian, “Diabetes and the Environment,”

Dowell, Linus J., “Health Knowledge and Its Influence on Health Practices,”

Levy, Leo, “Factors Which Facilitate or Impede Transfer of Medical Functions from Physicians to Paramedical Personnel,”
SOME SUGGESTED METHODS OF ENCOURAGING RESEARCH IN SCHOOL HEALTH EDUCATION
Authors: Harris William H.
Published: October 2009

“Research consists in the orderly treatment of data to answer questions; or, when doing research we apply sense to information.”
RESEARCH OF INTEREST
Authors: Peterson Louis J. , Whalley Russel F.
Published: October 2009

Barton, Jack. “School Psychology and School Psychologists: An Approach to An Old Problem,” American Psychologist, 23: 3 (March 1968), 187–194.

Hughes, H. Stuart. “Emotional Disturbance and American Social Change, 1944–1969,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 126: 1 (July 1969), 59–66.

Burton, Dee. “Birth Order and Intelligence,” Journal of Social Psychology, 76: 6, (December 1968), 199–206.

Eckhardt, William, and Newcombe, Alan. “Militarism, Personality and Other Social Attitudes,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 13: 2 (June 1969), 210–218.

Rosenthal, Ted L., et al. “Social Strata and Perception of Magical and Folk‐Medical Child‐Care Practices,” Journal of Social Psychology, 77: 1 (February 1969), 3–13.

Flapan, Mark. “A Paradigm for the Analysis of Childbearing Motivations of Married Women Prior to Birth of the First Child,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 39: 3 (April 1969), 402–417.
RESEARCH OF INTEREST
Authors: PETERSON LOUIS J. , WHALEY RUSSELL F.
Published: October 2009

Krain, Lawrence S., Weiss, Robert C. and Heidbreder, Gerald A. “Los Angeles County Health Department Youth Clinics,”

Ochsmer, Alton, “The Helath Menace of Tobacco,” American Scientist

Ogilvie, Brue C., and Tutko, Thomas A. “If You Want to Build Character, Try Something Else,”

Harlow, Harry F., Harlow, Margaret, and Suomi, Stephen J. “From Thought to Therapy: lessons from a Primate Laboratory,” American Scientist

Conn, Robert H. and Anderson, Dubley. “D.C. Moounts Unfunded Progam of Screening for Lead Poisoning,”
Research of Interest
Authors: Peterson Louis J.
Published: October 2009

Nordsiek, Frederic W. “The Sweet Tooth,” American Scientist.

Lipman‐Blumen, Jean. “How Ideology Shapes Women's Lives,” Scientific American.

Amsel, Zili, et al. “The Use of the Narcotics Register for Follow‐up of a Cohort of Adolescent Addicts”.

Veevers, J.E., “Drinking Attitudes and Drinking Behavior: An Exploratory Study”.

Knittel, Robert E., Robert C. Child and John Hobgood. “Role and Training of Health Education Aides”.

Furstenberg, Frank F. Jr. “Preventing Unwanted Pregnancies Among Adolescents”.
Reviews of Books and Reports
Authors: Ulrich Charles
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:

Hettlinger R: Sex Isn't That Simple‐The New Sexuality on Campus.

Robbins D, White P: Environmental Quality and Food Supply.

Austin DF, Werner SB: Epidemiology for the Health Sciences: A Primer on Epidemiologic Concepts and Their Uses.

Simon SB, Kirschenbaum H: Readings in Values Clarification.
Reviews of Books and Reports
Authors: Ulrich Charles
Published: October 2009

Arnheim D, Sinclair W: The Clumsy Child — A Program of Motor Therapy.

Zackler J, Brandstadt W: The Teenage Pregnant Girl.

Means R: Historical Perspectives on School Health. Thorofare, N.J., Charles B. Slack

Frankenburg W, Camp B (editors): Pediatric Screening Tests.

Haslam R, Valletutti P: Medical Problems in the Classroom.

Jones K, Shainberg L, Byer C: Emotional Health second

Miller D: Dimensions of Community Health.
Reviews of Books and Reports
Authors: Ulrich Charles
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:

Insel PM, Jacobson LF: What Do You Expect? Menlo Park

McCary JL: Freedom and Growth in Marriage.

Ellingson C: Speaking of Children—Their Learning Abilities/Disabilities.

Apley J: The Child With Abdominal Pains.

Jones, Chainbert, Byer: Disease.
Reviews of Books and Reports
Authors: Ulrich Charles
Published: October 2009

Olshavsky RW: No More Butts: A Psychologist's Approach to Quitting Cigarettes.Annis LF: The Child Before Birth.

Dalis GT and Strasser BB: Teaching Strategies for Values Awareness and Decision Making is Health Education. Charles B.

Read DA: Looking In: Exploring One's Personal Health Values.
The Sexual Needs of the Handicapped
Authors: McNab Warren L.
Published: October 2009

One of the basic needs of life to the handicapped, as well as to all individuals, is the understanding of one's own sexuality. Sex education can help handicapped individuals in finding sexual satisfaction and may foster self‐responsibility, maturity and positive actions toward other rehabilitation goals.

Traditionally, the teachings of sexuality to handicapped persons have run into objections resulting from society's negative attitude toward the handicapped and parental apprehension regarding the decision‐making skills of their children in relation to acceptable and unacceptable sexual behaviors. However, the Education for A11 Handicapped Children Act of 1975 has provided a way for parents and health professionals to put pressure on local, state and federal programs to allocate funds for the development of a sound sex education program. As professionals in health education it is our challenge and responsibility to see that the sexual needs of the handicapped are not forgotten.
The Production and Use of an Attitudinal Film in Birth Control Education
Authors: Herold Edward S.
Published: October 2009

In order to help improve the effectiveness of birth control education programs, a film “It Couldn't Happen to Me” was produced focusing on the psychological motives involved in the non‐use of birth control among teenagers. Preliminary evaluation of the film took place with five sample groups: high school students, university students, nursing students, health educators, and Planned Parenthood workers. Survey results indicate that the film is relevant for each of these groups. Pre and posttest measures of the attitudes of the university and nursing samples indicate that the film makes viewers more aware of the psychological factors involved in the non‐use of birth control.
Cardiovascular Disease Education in Texas Health Education Classes —A Needs Assessment*
Authors: White Robert C. , Weinberg Armin D. , Spiker Cynthia A. , Roush Robert E.
Published: October 2009

This study ascertained to what extent cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors are taught in public secondary health education classes in Texas, the disparity between what is taught and what is desired in terms of time allotment and educational materials, to what extent health education teachers are academically prepared to teach cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors, and to what extent teachers utilize self‐instructional materials. A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of health education teachers in Texas. There was a return of 45.4%. The findings indicated that more time is devoted to teaching the cardiovascular system than disease and risk factors; there is a disparity between what is taught and what is desired; the teachers rated their preparation as average; and the use of self‐instructional materials by high school students as average to excellent.
A Comparison of Perceived and Actual Sexual Behaviors of College Students
Authors: Heit Philip , Adesso Nicholas A.
Published: October 2009

This study investigated the relationships between reported sexual behaviors of college students and their perceptions of sexual behaviors of peers. Seventy‐four subjects completed the survey instrument. Chi‐square comparisons determined the relationship between reported sexual behaviors and perceived sexual activities. Males were more accurate than females in perceiving sexual activities of males but not of females. Females were unable to perceive accurately male or female behaviors.
Review of Books & Reports
Authors: Ulrich Charles
Published: October 2009

Young LA; Young LG; Klein MM; Beyer D: Recreational Drugs, Everything You Need to Know About—.

Ackerman P, Clements SD, Greenstein TN, et al: A Multidisciplinary Approach To Learning Disability, Handbook For The Classroom Teacher, Newton J (ed).
School Counseling and Positive Mental Health: When Does 1 + 1 = 3?
Authors: Loesch Larry C.
Published: October 2009

School counseling and guidance services are specifically intended to develop and maintain positive mental health among students. Although some school counselors have been highly effective, the majority have been only moderately effective because of the difficulties they have encountered in this mission. Personal, academic, and vocational counseling and information processing from either remedial or preventative perspectives are currently the most common functions within school counseling services. The factors limiting the effectiveness of these and other school counseling functions include discrepancies between school counseling training and practice, school counselor professional isolationism, lack of understanding of school counseling roles and functions, and the poor professional attitudes of some school counselors. As the school counseling profession develops, these inhibiting factors should be overcome as a result of changes in school counselor roles and activities and associated changes in school counseling and guidance services.
Some Practical Considerations of Hyperactivity and Drugs
Authors: Algozzine Bob , Algozzine Karen M.
Published: October 2009

The use of psychoactive medication to control the activity levels of children has reached a heightened level in recent years. Parents, teachers and other professionals are involved in treatment programs often in spite of limited knowledge of the mechanisms through which drugs operate, the types of drugs being used, and the anticipated and unanticipated effects of those drugs. Information regarding the critical factors in drug treatment programming is presented in this paper; it is hoped that this information will enable individuals to better function as drug monitors.
An Evaluation Model for School Health Services
Authors: Howell Keith A. , Martin Jeanne E.
Published: October 2009

The following article represents a summary of a study conducted during the 1976‐77 school year in Virginia. The investigation was an attempt to describe some characteristics of school health services around the Commonwealth. The study also provided an opportunity to implement an evaluation model designed specifically for the Virginia situation, but its flexibility allows for modification in order to meet the evaluation needs of other school populations.
A Selective Admissions Process As a Predictor of Academic Success in Health Education
Authors: Heit Phil , Johnson Geraldine , Meeks Linda B. , Paxton Cindy
Published: October 2009

Increasingly, school systems, individual schools and teachers are being called to account for their performance. Just what does this term mean? The American Heritage Dictionary defines accountability as… “having to report, explain or justify.” It is simply a demand for results being issued by the public in return for the tax dollar being spent in support of education. The foremost reason for this accountability report is the rising cost of education. The public wants, and rightfully so, to receive a quality product for the money it is spending.
Female Adolescent Drinking Behavior: Potential Hazards
Authors: Lee Essie E.
Published: October 2009

A recent national survey on the use of alcoholic beverages revealed that 93% of boys and 87% of girls in their senior year of high school had experimented with alcohol, and more than half of the country's seventh graders had tried drinking at least once during the previous year (1973). A review of the literature confirms this apparent increase in drinking by boys and girls. This article reports the increasing use of alcohol by girls and the associated risks. Some predisposing personal and behavioral characteristics are discussed, such as: the particular hazards of fetal syndrome; the significant impact of the physiological and psychological effects of menstruation and other related female phenomena; and the confusion in sex roles (resulting from the inability to freely combine masculine and feminine personality characteristics within oneself in a women's liberation environment) accelerating “risk” possibilities in girls.
Involvement for Learning in Health Programs
Authors: Falck Vilma T.
Published: October 2009

Health educators are often required to transfer information, influence attitudes and change behavioral patterns. Whether communicating with an individual or a group, it is important to involve the participant in the educational process. Careful analyses of the goals to be accomplished and the techniques used in the educational process will result in significantly improved communications. Strategies are suggested which have been used successfully to break away from the mold which tends to guarantee passive participation on the part of the learner.
Instructional Emphasis in Family Life and Sex Education: Viewpoints of Students, Parents, Teachers and Principals at Four Grade Levels
Authors: Yarber William L.
Published: October 2009

This study was conducted to assess and compare the opinions of four population groups — students, parents, teachers and principals —concerning the amount of teaching emphasis that should be given to family life and sex education at school grades three, six, nine and twelve. The population was derived from a large, county school corporation in north central Indiana. A large proportion of each population at each grade supported at least some instructional emphasis about the topic, with nearly a majority or more of the subjects of most of the 16 populations favoring major teaching emphasis. Some differences in endorsement among the populations and sub‐populations (male vs. female students) at each grade and among the four grades were found.
Are Basic Assumptions We Hold About Health Education Defensible?
Authors: Sechrist William C. , Jones Herb
Published: October 2009

Underlying numerous programs designed to promote healthfulness are several implicit and/or overlooked assumptions. These suppositions are considered to be “understood.” However, more often they lack validation in an empirical sense. The article is intended to prompt a systematic appraisal of certain presumptions about health, health education and health educators.
Hyperactivity: Pediatricians’ and Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Kalechstein Melvin , Hansen Phillip , Kalechstein Pearl B. W.
Published: October 2009

Research of related literature indicated that disagreement existed among professionals as to the causes, diagnoses, treatments and descriptors of hyperactivity.

A questionnaire was developed to compare the responses of a group of pediatricians, and a group of master's degree candidates in special education (79.18% of whom were teachers with an average of 4.72 years of teaching experience) on four variables relating to hyperactivity diagnoses, etiology, treatments, and labels.

Significant differences between the two groups were noted in their responses to the dependent measures.
School Nurse Certification With a Health Education Minor Option
Authors: Johnson Joan Nyberg
Published: October 2009

Undergraduate nursing students, graduate nurses and practicing school nurses may enter a program of study at the University of Wisconsin‐Madison leading to eligibility for certification as a school nurse. The option of attaining a minor in health education and certification eligibility as a teacher of health is available in conjunction with the school nurse program. The program and potentials are described and discussed.
Mass Screening of Children to Detect Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Hyde John S. , Bharani Sakina N. , Moore Bonnie S. , Murray Janet , Haggerty Nancy
Published: October 2009

Mass screening for ventilatory function was done on school‐age children in a community of 62,500 to determine the usefulness of this approach to detect obstructive pulmonary disease.

The survey included 6,495 children, ages 4–14, at the time of compulsory vision and hearing evaluations. Medistor pulmonary analyzers were used to test flow and volume changes. Measurements of forced expiratory flow rate (FEF25–75), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were obtained for males and females.

Based on Cherniak's equation programmed in the Medistors, 14.3% of all subjects had 75 percent of their predicted values for FEF25–75. Of these, 887 were available for retesting, and 194 failed again. Thus, the prevalence of abnormal FEF 25–75 was 3.1 percent of the surveyed population. One hundred forty‐six of these children were subjected to a third study before and after isoproterenol inhalation. Of these, 49.3% were reversible, 33.6% were non‐reversible, and 17.1% were equivocal (11–14% improvement).

disease can easily be detected by non‐invasive ventilatory testing equipment in school‐age children. Follow‐up of subjects who failed was recommended to each child's physician.
“Angel Dust:” An Overview of Abuse Patterns and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Petsonk Carol A. , McAlister Alfred L.
Published: October 2009

Adolescent abuse of phencyclidine, also known as “ANGEL DUST” or “PCP,” has increased dramatically in the past several years. Phencyclidine can be highly toxic, and efforts should be made to prevent its abuse. The authors advance one model of behavioral intervention which utilizes peer group counseling to promote learning of practical skills for resisting pressures to use “hard drugs,” especially phencyclidine.
The Winking, Blinking and Nod of Health Counseling
Authors: Gapinski Philip A.
Published: October 2009

A concerned female student discusses her relationship difficulties with her boyfriend. Another returns to school depressed after the death of a parent. A male concerned about his body size as compared to his peers asks what can be done. A colleague tells something about another that is untrue. A parent questions the behavior of his child and asks advice. A student discusses his concern about the drinking practices of his girlfriend.
Perceptions of the School Nurse's Role
Authors: Greenhill E. Dianne
Published: October 2009

This study identifies and compares perceptions of school personnel (principals, teachers, counselors and school nurses) about the nurse's role in secondary school settings. A two‐part questionnaire was utilized. Part one elicited descriptive data, while part two consisted of 50 Likert‐type items related to the school nurse's role. Mean perception scores on the 50 items were obtained by job category and compared using a one‐way ANOVA. Chi‐square analyses were performed on the frequencies of scale values to determine if their distributions, by item, were the same for all job categories. Correlation coefficients were utilized to determine relationships between training levels, experience, direct contact and perceptions. Analyses revealed: (1) Significant differences in perceptions of the school nurse's role between each group of educators and school nurses. (2) No significant relationship between training level, experience, number of contacts with the nurse and perceptions of the school nurse's role.
Mental Health and the Teacher
Authors: Miller F. , Wiltse Jan
Published: October 2009

The emotional atmosphere in a classroom setting is important to the experiences of all students. That atmosphere is affected by the emotional stability of the teacher. A teacher with personal mental health problems can have a detrimental effect upon all of those students who are associated with him or her.

There are a variety of courses and contributing factors of mental health problems. Certain signs and symptoms, at times, can be identified that relate to emotional difficulties.

It is important that measures be identified to help teachers with emotional problems. This is not always an easy task, yet it is necessary if the teaching‐learning environment is to be of a positive nature. School administrators, teacher preparation programs, teaching peers, and self‐analysis all should play a role in identifying one's teaching. This is a task that no one person or agency can accomplish alone. Though often felt to be an uncomfortable issue with which to deal, all educators must become increasingly aware of the problem and be willing to work toward greater emotional health of all teachers.
Cancer Education for School Personnel
Authors: Miller Elaine L. , Anderson Elaine J.
Published: October 2009

A large segment of our society associates cancer with doom and despair. This negative view appears to originate partially from the public's general lack of knowledge of the disease and of current treatment potential. In response to this lack of information and overall pessimistic attitude, a cancer education course was developed for school teachers and school nurses. The unique two‐day course provides cognitive and affective learning experiences. Through the multiple teaching strategies employed, students are able to examine their own health practices, increase their knowledge of cancer and cancer treatment, interact with a person who is successfully living with cancer, and learn how to share information related to cancer. At the conclusion of the course, a comparison of the participants' pretest and post test scores indicate a statistical improvement in both their cognitive and affective domains.
A Client‐Held Health Record in a Health Education Curriculum*
Authors: Eddy Nancy B. , Giglio Richard J. , Spears Brent W.
Published: October 2009

A pilot health education project stressing prevention and individual responsibility was developed and presented at two high schools. The health record, maintained by the individual, focuses on health maintenance and illness prevention; although it allows for recording illnesses as well. Preliminary results are encouraging. Students were interested in the course and the record and indicated their intent to continue using the record. The article describes the health record, the educational process used and directions for future research.
School Water Fluoridation
Authors: Avery Kevin T. , Shapiro Stewart , Biggs John T.
Published: October 2009

In areas lacking public water supplies and where fluoride is not naturally present in the well water, school fluoridation programs have been shown to be effective and safe. Reductions of up to 38.9% in the rate of dental decay have been reported. Higher levels of fluoride are used in the school water than in public water because of the limited time the children are in school.

The relatively low cost of the necessary equipment and chemicals can easily be justified by taking into account the amount of dental decay that can be prevented. Interested parents, teachers, or administrators should contact their state health department for technical assistance.
Hyperactivity with Tactile Defensiveness as a Phobia
Authors: Arnold L. Eugene , Sheridan Katherine
Published: October 2009

Conceptualizing some cases of hyperkinesis (those with tactile defensiveness) as tactile phobias provides the rationale for two unconventional management approaches modeled on the two most popular behavioral treatments of phobia: systematic desensitization and implosion. Both methods are adapted to a nonverbal level, befitting the age of the afflicted children and the nature of the problem. The first method uses the sensory integration techniques developed by Ayres to desensitize the child to touch systematically and gradually. The other method, developed by Henderson and Dahlin, uses restraint and intense tactile stimulation implosively to break through the fear and hyperactive resistance.
In‐Service Workshop on Child Abuse
Authors: S. Queen Patsy , Queen J. Allen
Published: October 2009

Specific objectives, numerous learning action alternatives and suggested evaluation measures that can be implemented to provide the needed training for teachers.
Teaching Human Sexuality in Junior High School:An Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Kapp Lucy , Taylor Barbara A. , Edwards Laura E.
Published: October 2009

A pilot educational program in human sexuality designed for junior high age adolescents was conducted jointly by the St. Paul, Minnesota Maternal and Infant Care Project and the St. Paul Public Schools. This program encompassed two courses which presented a comprehensive view of young men and women as sexual beings. The goal was to affect primary prevention of adolescent pregnancy and other problems related to adolescent sexuality. Pre‐ and posttest scores demonstrated a statistically significant increase in student knowledge, and weekly evaluations revealed consistent interest in subject matter presented.
Is Your School Prepared to Handle Emergency Care?
Authors: McKenzie James F.
Published: October 2009

A self‐evaluation instrument for school emergency care programs has been developed so that school districts can evaluate the status of their programs and make necessary changes where possible.
A Comprehensive School‐Based Smoking Prevention Program
Authors: Botvin Gilbert J. , Eng Anna
Published: October 2009

Eighth, ninth and tenth graders (N=281) from two schools in suburban New York participated in a study to test the efficacy of a 10‐session comprehensive‐psychosocial smoking prevention program. Schools were randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. All students were given a pretest, posttest and three‐month follow‐up which assessed smoking behavior as well as knowledge and personality variables. There were significantly fewer new “smokers” in the experimental school than in the control school at both the initial posttest (p < .01) and the three‐month follow‐up (p < .05) along with significantly greater changes on some of the knowledge and personality variables. Overall, these results support the use of a smoking prevention strategy that focuses on the main psychosocial factors promoting the onset of cigarette smoking by teaching students basic coping skills.
Career Development for Diverse Populations of Handicapped Students
Authors: Taborn John M. , Barner Pearl S.
Published: October 2009

This paper examines some of the issues associated with providing meaningful career education/counseling for handicapped youths. Career awareness begins in elementary school and moves through career exploration at the senior high level to career preparation in high school. Special care must be exercised in advising handicapped individuals who are making decisions regarding college preparatory course work vs. vocational training.
Involving Parents in Special Programming*
Authors: Turner Ruth M. , Macy Daniel J.
Published: October 2009

Parent programming is defined as direct services to parents which may include assistance in managing personal or family life as well as assistance in developing knowledge, skills and attitudes. The content and methodology of parent programming should be based on the beliefs and assumptions of both parents and professionals. Competency‐based programming is presented as a promising approach to improving parent competence. Results of initial studies in parent competency identification, prioritization and assessment are discussed along with procedures for instructional programming.
The School's Role in Preventing Blindness from Glaucoma
Authors: Penland Lynn R. , Penland William R.
Published: October 2009

A disease which has blinded 50,000 Americans and threatens to blind an additional estimated one million victims who are unaware that they have the disease warrants serious consideration in the health curriculum. That disease, glaucoma, can be neither prevented nor cured. It results when abnormal fluid dynamics within the eye cause increased pressure. The increased pressure can usually be controlled to prevent blindness from occurring. However, prevention of blindness from glaucoma requires early diagnosis and treatment. Since glaucoma is rarely accompanied by pain or warning signs, the best hope for early diagnosis is with regular eye examinations. Health education is the way to teach people the nature and consequences of glaucoma and the role each individual can play in minimizing his or her chances of becoming blind from the disease.
Hemophilia: Information for School Personnel
Authors: Inman Maribeth , Corrigan James J.
Published: October 2009

For people unfamiliar with hemophilia, the disease can seem very frightening. Its past reputation as a fatal, uncontrollable disease is no longer tenable. With the use of modern‐day transfusion therapy, uncontrollable bleeding in hemophilia infrequently causes death. Quick and simple treatment is readily available. The problems today are in educating the public about the hemophiliac and preventing psychosocial problems which may surround him. The purpose of this article is to provide information to help educators better understand hemophilia and the child it affects.