bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proportionality and Rationality
Authors:   Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, Alexy R.
Published: January 2021

The article sets out the author’s concept of proportionality, on the basis of which the Federal Constitutional Court of the Federal Republic of Germany is able to make rational and reasoned decisions on the revision of legislation relating to violations of constitutional rights, which the author qualifies as constitutional principles. The concepts of proportionality and rationality are built on the conceptual and categorical apparatus formulated in other works by the author, which includes such concepts as norms, rules, principles, optimization, the Law of Balancing and others. The Law of Balancing is a specific form of applying the principles of law. The paper uses a broad analytical approach to the issues under study, and therefore its content is abundant in formulas. Using the formulas, the author analyses court cases on various issues that relate to violations of constitutional rights. The author’s opinions and conclusions are of interest to Russian legal science and court practice.
Sentencing to Life Imprisonment
Authors:   Far Eastern Branch, Russian State University of Justice, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Tuliglovich M. A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. After declaring a moratorium on the death penalty in Russia life imprisonment has turned to be the most severe of the applied criminal punishments. In order to respect the rights and interests of all parties of the criminal process, the court when passing a sentence shall con¬sider all the characteristic features of this kind of imprisonment. Taking into account the processes of self-organization, the lack of common approaches to the imprisonment for life in law, the use of evaluation categories that are not explained in the prac¬tice of the highest court, as well as the presence of gaps in certain provisions of the criminal law, leads to the fact that the courts in different regions in text justify and substantiate the sentence of life imprisonment form their own experience. The problem of sentencing in the form of life imprisonment has become the subject of the article. The author’s approach is based on the analysis of the first instance courts sentences and the examination of their features. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The work is carried out with the use of such general scientific research methods as comparative legal, dialectical, formal legal, and hermeneutical methods are applied. The above methods are used in conjunction in order to obtain a synergistic effect of the research. Results. When passing a life sentence, it is important to describe thoroughly the exceptional dan¬ger of the defendant. Failure to comply with this requirement may result in the cancellation of the sentence. The author also analyzes the circumstances that are to preclude the possibility of life imprisonment, deals with the features of life verdict in the case of a combination of crimes or sen¬tences in the particular situation, takes up the questions of determining the type of correctional facility for a person sentenced to this type of punishment. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the author’s research, the article offers legal options for describing the exceptional danger of the person committed the crime, reflecting in the sentence the punishment imposed for a combination of crimes and sentences, one of which is life impris¬onment.
Emergências e regras sanitárias em tempos de coronavírus: uma análise entre o Brasil e o México
Authors: Cobos Campos Amalia Patricia , Reckziegel Janaína
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo tem como tema as emergências sanitárias globais, tratando especialmente do papel da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária no Brasil e a Secretaria da Saúde no México na situação atual de ocorrência do Coronavírus. Nesse sentido, discutem-se as ações a nível mundial no combate as emergências sanitárias globais e o tratamento que estas tem recebido no país. Para tanto utilizou-se de metodologia qualitativa, com pesquisa bibliográfica e normativa. Como resultado percebe-se que apesar de haver regulamentação internacional no combate as emergências, o Brasil e o México, não possui legislação adequada, tendo sido criada apenas regulamentação emergencial.
derecho administrativo, sus principios y su relación con la administración pública en el marco de la división de poderes
Authors: Escala Stella María
Published: January 2021

Los principios del derecho son aquellos enunciados que los juristas, logran identificar como necesarios, para darle contenido al Derecho en general, o a cada una de sus ramas. Originalmente, la doctrina y el trabajo jurisprudencial, fueron encargados de identificar y describir la axiología de cada uno de estos principios, es decir, que los mismos, no estaban presentes en fuentes formales del derecho, pero con la evolución de éste, se ha tornado infaltables la descripción legal, de cada principio que pretende una norma anidar para darle cuerpo al tipo de rama jurídica que se trate.
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH TAHUN 2015-2017
Authors: Yunina Fitri
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bank umum syariah di Indonesia periode 2015-2017, dengan tujuan untuk menguji pengaruh good corporate governance yang dilihat dari sisi dewan komisaris independen dan komite audit independen terhadap kinerja keuangan yang diukur dengan rasio Return On Equity (ROE). Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan sampling jenuh yang berjumlah 38 bank umum syariah. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa laporan tahunan (annual report), dengan teknik analisis datanya menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dewan komisaris independen dan komite audit independen secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan, namun secara parsial dewan komisaris independen berpengaruh negatif, sedangkan komite audit independen berpengaruh positif. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa banyaknya jumlah anggota dewan komisaris independen menghadirkan kompleksitas tersendiri dalam hal pelaksanaan tugas dan tanggungjawab dewan komisaris, sedangkan banyaknya anggota komite audit independen akan mengoptimalkan fungsi pengawasan terhadap proses akuntansi serta keuangan, sehingga akan memberikan peningkatkan pada kinerja perusahaan
PENGARUH TINGKAT KEPERCAYAAN DAN PENAKSIRAN RESIKO KECURANGAN TERHADAP PROFESIONALITAS AUDITOR DALAM MENDETEKSI KECURANGAN (Studi Empiris Pada Kantor Inspektorat Provinsi Aceh)
Authors: Umar Zulkifli
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh tingkat kepercayaan dan penaksiran resiko kecurangan terhadap profesionalitas auditor dalam mendeteksi kecurangan pada kantor Inspektorat Aceh.Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah para auditor yang bekerja pada kantor Inspektorat Aceh. Teknik yang digunakan untuk penyebaran sampel adalah dengan menggunakan metode populasi sampling. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut Y = 4,562 - 0,657 X1 + 0,471 X2. Dari persamaan tersebut variabel tingkat kepercayaan yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap profesionalitas auditor. Koefisien determinan (R2) bernilai 0,945 menunjukkan bahwa variabel tingkat kepercayaan dan penaksiran resiko kecurangan mampu mempengaruhi profesionalitas auditor sebesar 94,5 persen dan sisanya sebesar 5,5 persen di pengaruhi oleh variabel lainnya diluar model penelitian ini.Pembuktian secara parsial dengan menggunakan uji t tes menunjukkan bahwa variabel tingkat kepercayaan dan penaksiran resiko kecurangan secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profesionalitas auditor. Pembuktian yang dilakukan secara simultan dengan menggunakan uji f tes juga menunjukkan variabel tingkat kepercayaan dan penaksiran resiko kecurangan, secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profesionalitas auditor. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi linier berganda maka hipotesis yang di uji dalam penelitian ini dapat diterima.Â Kata Kunci : Pengaruh Tingkat Kepercayaan dan Penaksiran Resiko Kecurangan Dalam Mendeteksi Kecurangan.
PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR SPIP TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH KOTAMADYA BANDA ACEH
Authors: - Irmawati
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor SPIP terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah Kotamadya Banda Aceh. Responden penelitian ini sebanyak 52 orang yang terdiri dari: Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran dan PPK (Pejabat Penatausahaan Keuangan). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sensus yaitu seluruh elemen populasi diselidiki satu persatu dalam pengumpulan data. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan pengendalian, aktivitas pengendalian, penilaian resiko, informasi dan komunikasi dan pemantauan secara bersama-sama dan sendiri-sendiri berpengaruh kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah Kotamadya Banda AcehÂ Kata kunci: Lingkungan pengendalian, aktvitas pengendalian, penilaian resiko, kualitas laporan keuangan.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Terhadap Kinerja Dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh
Authors: Gadeng Tarmizi
Published: January 2021

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh Kompetensi Pedagogik, Kompetensi Profesional, Kompetensi Kepribadian dan Kompetensi Sosial terhadap kenerja dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh.

Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah dua ratus delapan puluh lima orang dosen dan mengambil tiga puluh lima persen sebagai sampel yaitu sebanyak seratus orang dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh.

Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda, dari penelitian menghasilkan persamaan sebagai berikut : Y = 0,940+0,149X1+0,319X2+0,325X3+0,046X4+e

Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah secara parsial kompetensi pedagogic berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja dosen universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, kompetensi professional berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, kompetensi kepribadian berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja dosen Universitas Muhammdiyah Aceh dan kompetensi Sosial tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh. Dan Secara simultan kompetensi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

Kata kunci : Kompetensi Pedagogik, Profesional, Kepribadian dan Sosial.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT. ASURANSI JASA INDONESIA (PERSERO) CABANG BANDA ACEH PERIODE 2013-2015
Authors: Syamsidar Syamsidar , Jawiyah Jawiyah
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan pada PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Banda Aceh periode 2013-2015 ditinjau dari rasio likuiditas, solvabilitas dan rentabilitas. Data penelitian ini merupakan pooled data yang bersifat kuantitatif yang dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik library research, yang kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara deskriptif.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Kesimpulan yang bisa diambil dari hasil analisis penelitian ini bahwa secara keseluruhan kinerja keuangan PT. Asuransi Jasa Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Banda Aceh berada pada kriteria sangat baik. Kinerja keuangan berdasarkan current ratio, Debt to Total Assets RatioÂ (DAR), Long Term Debt to Equity Rasio, dan Return on Equity berada pada kriteria sangat baik berturut-turut selama 3 tahun (2013-2015). Sedangkan kinerja berdasarkan cash ratio, kondisi keuangan PT. Asuransi Jasindo Cabang Banda Aceh berada pada kriteria buruk selama 3 tahun berturut-turut (2013-2015).
READING IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE TEACHING OF BI-LINGUAL CHILDREN OUTSIDE RUSSIA
Authors: Запрометова Е.С.
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с чтением и выбором текстов при обучении русскому языку детей-билингвов. Особое внимание уделено тому, какие жанры литературы привлекают детей сегодня и что нравится читать детям-билингвам младшего и среднего школьного возраста. Основываясь на собственном опыте воспитания двух детей-билингвов и опыте знакомых мам, автор разбирает данный вопрос и предлагает некоторые советы родителям и учителям при выборе текстов для чтения и работы с ними.

The article studies the role of reading the russian literature in the bilingual families living outside Russia. It recommands which texts arent necessary for bilingual children.
Tax control as a type of state financial control
Authors: HRYTSENKO Maryna
Published: January 2021

The control of financial and tangible resources using is one of the key tasks of management. The paper is devoted to tax control as a control of the legality of the formation and use of financial resources. It is scientifically substantiated that the proper tax control is the one of the main factors of security and economic well-being of the state is substantiated. That is why this topic is important and deserves attention.
The concept of state financial control is analyzed and its main features are singled out. The paper reveals the economic and legal essence of the concept of “state financial control” and clarifies its content. The tax control role in ensuring economic security and its attitude to state control is analyzed. The tasks of tax control and their attitude to the management of state financial resources are highlighted.
As a result of the analysis of the definitions of the concept of “state financial control", the main approaches, essential features and properties to its understanding are highlighted. The paper examines the definition of essence of tax control, its functional purpose and correlation of state financial control. Tax control is regarded as an indispensable and the most important part of state control. The essence and role of the state financial checking system is exposed for providing the effective use of the financial resources of the state and them having a special purpose use for providing socio-economic development of the state. The basic techniques of the tax control are defined. The ways of improving fiscal control in Ukraine are proposed.
As an independent system, tax control provides control procedures to establish variations in the activity system that is controlled by predetermined parameters, the causes of these abnormalities and their removal, while using their own forms and methods to effectively achieve this goal.
HOW HR PRACTICES AFFECT ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR
Authors: Jrad Majida
Published: January 2021

The HRM and effective HR practices play an important role for promoting a committed environment and a culture of citizenship. This study is intended to explore the HRM systems’ dynamics and applied HR practices in Lebanese banks and to find their possible link with employee commitment and citizenship behavior. The primary research selected six most representative Lebanese banks. A questionnaire on employee commitment and citizenship behavior was sent to each bank’s HR officers. The questions were derived from the OCQ, ACS, CCS, NCS, and CBS. Direct positive relationship between HR and organizational commitment was not completely verified in terms of the Lebanese bank institutions. The HR-OCB relationship is much more coherent and noticeable especially when the HR role of employee champion emerges. Commitment has a strong relationship with the OCB. Lebanese banks have very promising examples of serious dynamic HRM initiatives that promote employees’ support and recognize their efforts while trying to capitalize on their competences, commitment, and displayed citizenship behaviors.
QUALITY PASSENGER SERVICE IN AIR TRANSPORT AS A FOUNDATION FOR BUILDING LOYALTY TO AIR COMPANIES
Authors: Tzvetkova Svetla
Published: January 2021

All air companies in the world strive to build good image, preferences and loyalty in customers by offering then services that come as close as possible to their requirements. Most air carriers incorporate entire systems to secure the necessary quality; however, the solution to this problem is quite complicated and depends on multiple factors, especially the human one, which is why two perfectly identical services never exist in transport. For this purpose, air carriers need to build an overall strategy to improve services and outline the fundamental reference points of a plan for undertaking specific measures. The main reference point of said plan is a professional management team, as well as the motivation and timely training of highly qualified, responsible and courteous personnel that has an individual approach to all passengers and satisfies their consumer ideas for quality transportation to the fullest.
SCORE CARDS FOR EVALUATION OF RFI AND RFP PROCESSES WITHIN ONE OF THE BULGARIAN TELECOMMUNICATION OPERATORS
Authors: Milanov Avgustin
Published: January 2021

The present paper regards some the score cards as a possible tool for measurement and evaluation of the risk in the “Request for Information” (RFI) and “Request for Proposal” (RFP) processes in the supply chain at the Bulgarian mobile telecommunication operators. The presented hereby score cards use measurement and calculations of the risk based on the risk calculation equation in which the assumption is that each risk event or risk action “m” can be regarded as function of the likelihood of occurrence, the consequences and the imminence in regards to the time horizon for the occurrence of the very same risk event or risk action “m”. Further to these components, the risk equation in use also takes into account the space in which the risk occurs and itself, as well as the size of the actions for prevention and overcoming of the risks that can appear at a certain organizational level. The data collected for the score cards is being provided by an online survey through the staff dealing with the RFI and RFP processes within the regarded in particular Bulgarian telecommunication operator. The final information from both the survey and the score cards is being processed and turned into a specific set of numeric coefficients that represent the contribution and the value of the separate risk components. Methods for defining the thresholds for acceptance of the levels of the risks are also suggested.
DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING STRATEGIES IN BULGARIAN ENTERPRISES
Authors: Yaneva Dilyana
Published: January 2021

The development of an effective marketing strategy is the basis for the formation of a reliable marketing policy of the organization. At the same time, the specifics of each individual marketing strategy allows making the right decisions according to the company's goals, resources and opportunities, market situation and consumer requirements. In this regard, the article aims to examine whether Bulgarian companies have developed marketing strategies and how they are perceived by company management. The results of the opinion of Bulgarian managers and business owners are presented on the basis of a survey conducted in 2019.
PENGEMBANGAN KONFIGURASI HOTSPOT DAN VOUCHER LOGIN MENGGUNAKAN MIKROTIK RB952ui DENGAN WEB TOP UP (STUDI KASUS : NORALONA COFFEE ROASTERY)
Authors: Romadon Indra
Published: January 2021

The current internet access needs are very high, both to find the latest information, articles and seek entertainment. There are several places that provide internet access, one of which is a coffee shop. Many coffee shops implement Wi-fi facilities as a service to attract customers. Noralona Coffee and Roastery is a coffee shop located in the city of Cirebon that provides Wi-fi facilities for its customers. Wi-fi facilities available at the coffee shop have not restricted user access to the internet. One of them uses a hotspot and the calculation of hotspot access is done using a voucher system. Hotspot with this voucher system will be configured with MikroTik. On the proxy there is a hotspot service feature, then there are additional features, namely User Manager, which is a web interface for hotspot management. Vouchers are calculated based on time. and each voucher can be used by 1 user. This study aims to produce hotspot vouchers that can be topped up through the hotspot login website to make it easier for consumers to use Wi-fi, do top ups and reduce the use of ¬ Wi-fi that is too long for each visitor. The results of this study indicate that in a time-limited and user-vouched test, users cannot log in if the voucher is being used by 1 user, and if the voucher deadline has expired, the voucher can be Top Up again and consumers can only Top Up 1x voucher in a day.

Keywords : Hotspot, Voucher, User Manager, Web Top Up, Top Up Voucher
STUDI AYAT-AYAT EKONOMI TENTANG AL-MILK SERTA KLASIFIKASI KEPEMILIKAN
Authors: Putri Nuraini
Published: January 2021

Kehidupan manusia tidak terlepas dari kegiatan ekonomi. Adanya Sumber Hukum Islam yakni Al-Quran menjelaskan berbagai persoalan dalam bidang ekonomi yang memuat nilai-nilai universal tentang bagaimana sebenarnya ekonomi Islam itu harus diformulasikan. Penelitian ini mengkaji dan mendalami studi ayat-ayat ekonomi tentang al-milk serta klasifikasi kepemilikan. Metodologi penelitian ini mengacu kepada pendekatan kepustakaan (library research). Penelitian ini memfokuskan objek kajian berupa sumber-sumber teoritis yang bersifat tertulis mengenai al-milk serta klasifikasi kepemilikan. Hasil dari penelitian ini terutama bagi dunia akademis adalah dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan rujukan (literatur) yang dapat menambah khazanah pustaka dan keilmuan terutama dalam rumpun ilmu bidang ekonomi syariah dan perbankan syariah
Current Trends in Digital Education Reform
Authors: Goloventchik G. G.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes current trends in the digital transformation of education in order to train personnel for the digital economy. The article considers the impact of digitalization on modern school and University education and analyzes its positive and negative aspects for the modern educational environment. It is shown how the rapid change in teaching methods and forms during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak led to the accumulation of experience in virtual contacts between teachers and students, as well as between students. The advantages of personification and personalization of the educational process are presented. The idea of creating educational clusters as a new model for integrating education and business is analyzed. Attention is paid to the features of training of generations Z and Alpha.
Spatial Analysis of Noise in Kufa University (Kufa River Campus) using GIS
Authors: Hussein Raghad , Al-Sulttani Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Noise refers to unwanted sound, which causes great discomfort to the ears, and is usually measured in decibels. Very high levels of sound above 100 dB cause permanent hearing loss. This study deals with effect of noise in the academic areas, University of Kufa, Kufa river campus (Faculty of Urban Planning, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Archeology). Kufa river campus area is exposed to several external noise types. Noise field data have been measured and collected for 98 station points. The noise intensity ratio was measured using the Sound Level Meter at three different times during the working hours in the morning hours (8.30-10.30), at noon (10.30-12.30), and in the afternoon from (12.30-2.30). The data were analyzed using the Excel program (percentile method) to obtain a noise level values at 10%, 50%, and 90% of data after arranging it ascendingly. The equivalent noise level (Leq) is calculate as well. The equivalent noise level data converts to GIS program form mapping and studying the spatial variation of noise intensity using a Spline interpolation method. The results showed that the effect of external noise is much greater than the effect of internal noise. The highest noise intensity at the points near the fence reached 94 decibels, and the lowest noise ratio was in the center of the faculty of Physical Planning, and the points near the green trees reached 45.1 db.
Potential of Multispectral Satellite Data for Superficial Iron Oxide Detection in Sulaimaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Al-Quraishi Ayad , Mustafa Banaz , Gopinathan P. , Yuvaraj Divya
Published: January 2021

This study primarily investigates the total (Fe) iron presence in Sulaimaniyah Governorate, the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR), which has an abundance of iron mines. Spatial quantification and frequent monitoring of mineral existence in the soil are essential in the mining regions. To achieve this goal, a remote sensing technique was utilized to predict soil minerals, particularly iron existence in the study area using a multispectral satellite image, Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+).  A robust methodology was perceived and developed from image processing to estimate and map iron oxides rich soils, and soil’s spectral indices were obtained after algorithms applied in processing on the bands of Landsat image. Soil samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory to determine the chemical, physical, and mineralogical characteristics of soils. Correlation coefficients were carried out between soil properties and spectral band values retrieved from image analysis to examine the band potentials of Landsat. The statistical results showed that there was a significant relationship between the 3rd band of the ETM+ image and each of the total iron (R2 = 0.643), the free iron oxide (R2 = 0.659), and sand particles (R2 = 0.561). The predicted soil mineral maps were generated for the study area to visualize the study site's soil characterization and total iron spread. This study results could help primarily identify the spatial distribution of some soil properties in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.
Potassium Mobility Potential of Forest Soil In Kurdistan Region, Iraq, As Estimated By Quantity- Intensity (Q/I) Relationships
Authors: Ahmed Ghafoor , Sheikh-Abdullah Shuela
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to assess potassium(K) 's potential mobility for some soils located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Five soil samples were collected from a depth of (0-30) cm. For each sample, 5g of soil was equilibrated with 50 ml of 0.01 M CaCl2, amended with different K concentrations, and incubated for 24 h at 298 Kelvin. The supernatant was filtered, and K, Ca, and Mg were determined. Potassium exchange equilibrium was calculated from quantity-intensity (Q/I) isotherms. Mean AReK values for all studied soils ranged between 2.4x10-3 to 3.6x10-3(mol L-1)1/2, which reveals that K was preferentially held at inner potions. The amount of labile K(KL) ranged from 0.479 to 1.191cmolc kg-1 in studied soils. The highest value of KL was in Kanypanka while the lowest value was in Goizha. The potential buffering capacity (PBCK) was between 619.56 and 857.37 cmolc kg-1(mol L-1) -1/2. All studied soils were characterized by low percent K saturation and a high ability to replenish K concentration in the soil solution. Gapon selectivity coefficient was relatively high and ranged from 5.64 to 7.88 L mol-1. Higher values of KL indicate a greater K release into the soil solution. Such a high affinity of K to the solid soil phase was attributed to both the elevated organic matter content in these soils and their strong buffering capacities.
Methods for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economic Effectiveness of Business Activities
Authors: Kim Gang-Sok , Kim Gwang-Ik , Rim Gwang-Nam , Jang Sun-Nam
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This paper suggests the methodology for comprehensively and dynamically evaluating the economic effectiveness of business activities in a view of scientific and technological development.

Methods: Authors analyze the previous studies related to evaluating the economic effectiveness of business activities and suggest the methodology using the weight coefficients and pair-evaluation standards.

Results: The findings reveal that comprehensive economic effectiveness of business activities reflects the effective use of various resources including labor, material, fixed asset, liquid materials, and R&D expenditure into the business activities in a certain period of time and it must be assessed by using the integrated indicator.

Implications: The findings may contribute to the theories related to the economic effectiveness of business activities. It is also likely to improve organizational decision-making.
Misi Allah pada Masa Intertestamental
Authors: Hulu Elisua
Published: January 2021

The people of God of the Old Testament and the people of God in the New Testament were linked during what is called the intertestamental age. This period is referred to as a state of vacuum which is marked by the absence of a demonstrative role of the prophet. The 400 year period of development, destruction, success and decline of the ruling nations was prophesied by God. The Old Testament Book of Daniel shows clearly that world history is proceeding according to God's sovereignty. Mission is God's work. The important thing from God’s mission is talking about God as a sender, where He is the source, initiator, dynamist, implementer and fulfiller of His mission. The method of study related to God's mission in the Interstestamental era is the method of studying literature, which describes it descriptively. The intertestamental period is the time when other nations know the God of Israel through their existence among them. This is a different way from what happened in the days of Solomon's kingdom where there was a temple in Jerusalem which became an attraction for Gentiles. The political, social, and economic situation in intertestamental times was a preparation for the mission of the church in New Testament times.Umat Allah Perjanjian Lama dan Umat Allah Perjanjian Baru dihubungkan dalam masa suatu yang sebut masa intertestamental. Masa ini disebut sebagai keadaan adanya kevakuman yang ditandai oleh tidak nampaknya peranan nabi secara demonstratif. Masa waktu 400 tahun mengalami perkembangan, kehancuran, kesuksesan dan kemerosotan negara-negara yang menguasai sudah dinubuatkan oleh Tuhan. Kitab Daniel dalam Perjanjian Lama memperlihatkan dengan jelas bahwa sejarah dunia berjalan sesuai dengan kedaulatan Allah. Misi adalah karya Allah. Hal penting dari misi atau pengutusan Allah berbicara tentang Allah sebagai pengutus, dimana Ia adalah sumber, inisiator, dinamisator, pelaksana dan penggenap misi-Nya. Metode pengkajian terkait misi Allah pada masa Interstestamental adalah dengan metode kajian pustaka, yang menguraikan secara deskriptif. Masa intertestamental adalah masa di mana bangsa-bangsa lain mengenal Allah Israel melalui keberadaan mereka di tengah bangsa-bangsa lain. Ini adalah cara yang berbeda dari yang terjadi pada masa kerajaan Salomo di mana ada bait suci di Yerusalem yang menjadi daya tarik bagi bangsa-bangsa lain. Situasi politik, sosial, dan ekonomi pada masa intertestamental merupakan persiapan bagi misi gereja pada masa Perjanjian Baru.
Poisson Principal Bundles
Authors:   Queen Mary University of London, UK, Majid Shahn , Williams Liam ,   Queen Mary University of London, UK
Published: January 2021

We semiclassicalise the theory of quantum group principal bundles to the level of Poisson geometry. The total space X is a Poisson manifold with Poisson-compatible contravariant connection, the fibre is a Poisson-Lie group in the sense of Drinfeld with bicovariant Poisson-compatible contravariant connection, and the base has an inherited Poisson structure and Poisson-compatible contravariant connection. The latter are known to be the semiclassical data for a quantum differential calculus. The theory is illustrated by the Poisson level of the q-Hopf fibration on the standard q-sphere. We also construct the Poisson level of the spin connection on a principal bundle.
CONVERGENCE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX: CASE STUDY OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ASEAN
Authors: Kaukab M. Elfan , Surwandon Surwandono
Published: January 2021

This article examines the role of bilateral FDI and income convergence in affecting HDI increase in countries with middle HDI in ASEAN. The ASEAN Economic Community has been developing and it is expected that the gaps between nations can be covered. This article explores how economic intervention through HDI and income convergence can boost HDI improvement. The writers examine the presence of a statistically significant causal relationship between source country’s GDP, home country’s GDP, source country’s FDI towards the home country, source country total FDI, home country total FDI, and the percentage of source country FDI towards source country total FDI with both countries HDI convergence. Measurement is carried out using the generalized method of moments. Based on yearly samples of high HDI countries (Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore) couple with medium HDI countries (Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia, and Philippine) during 2013–2017 period, the writers find statistically significant impact of home country GDP, source country FDI towards all countries, and FDI percentage of the home country compared to all countries.
The K2 M67 Study: Precise Mass for a Turnoff Star in the Old Open Cluster M67
Authors: Sandquist Eric L. , Latham David W. , Mathieu Robert D. , Leiner Emily , Vanderburg Andrew , Stello Dennis , Orosz Jerome A. , Bedin Luigi R. , Libralato Mattia , Malavolta Luca , Nardiello Domenico
Published: January 2021

We present a study of the bright detached eclipsing main-sequence binary WOCS 11028 (Sanders 617) in the open cluster M67. Although the binary has only one eclipse per orbital cycle, we show that the masses of the stars can be derived very precisely thanks to a strong constraint on the orbital inclination: M

A
 = 1.222 ± 0.006M
⊙ and M

B
 = 0.909 ± 0.004M
⊙. We use a spectral energy distribution fitting method to derive characteristics of the component stars in lieu of the precise radii that would normally be derived from a doubly eclipsing binary. The deconvolution of the SEDs reveals that the brighter component of the binary is at the faint turnoff point for the cluster—a distinct evolutionary point that occurs after the convective core has been established and while the star is in the middle of its movement toward lower surface temperatures, before the so-called hook at the end of the main sequence. The measurements are in distinct disagreement with evolution models at solar metallicity: higher metal abundances are needed to reproduce the characteristics of WOCS 11028 A. We discuss the changes to model physics that are likely to be needed to address the discrepancies. The clearest conclusions are that diffusion is probably necessary to reconcile spectroscopic abundances of M67 stars with the need for higher metallicity models and that reduced strength convective overshooting is occurring for stars at the turnoff. At super-solar bulk metallicity, various indicators agree on a cluster age between about 3.5 and 4.0 Gyr.
On the Occurrence of Type IV Solar Radio Bursts in Solar Cycle 24 and Their Association with Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Kumari Anshu , Morosan D. E. , Kilpua E. K. J.
Published: January 2021

Solar activities, in particular coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are often accompanied by bursts of radiation at meter wavelengths. Some of these bursts have a long duration and extend over a wide frequency band, namely, type IV radio bursts. However, the association of type IV bursts with CMEs is still not well understood. In this article, we perform the first statistical study of type IV solar radio bursts in solar cycle 24. Our study includes a total of 446 type IV radio bursts that occurred during this cycle. Our results show that a clear majority, ∼81% of type IV bursts, were accompanied by CMEs, based on a temporal association with white-light CME observations. However, we found that only ∼2.2% of the CMEs are accompanied by type IV radio bursts. We categorized the type IV bursts as moving or stationary based on their spectral characteristics and found that only ∼18% of the total type IV bursts in this study were moving type IV bursts. Our study suggests that type IV bursts can occur with both “Fast” (≥500 km s−1) and “Slow” (<500 km s−1), and also both “Wide” (≥60°) and “Narrow” (<60°), CMEs. However, the moving type IV bursts in our study were mostly associated with “Fast” and “Wide” CMEs (∼52%), similar to type II radio bursts. Contrary to type II bursts, stationary type IV bursts have a more uniform association with all CME types.
Statistical Properties of Superflares on Solar-type Stars: Results Using All of the Kepler Primary Mission Data
Authors: Okamoto Soshi , Notsu Yuta , Maehara Hiroyuki , Namekata Kosuke , Honda Satoshi , Ikuta Kai , Nogami Daisaku , Shibata Kazunari
Published: January 2021

We report the latest statistical analyses of superflares on solar-type (G-type main-sequence; effective temperature is 5100–6000 K) stars using all of the Kepler primary mission data and Gaia Data Release 2 catalog. We updated the flare detection method from our previous studies by using a high-pass filter to remove rotational variations caused by starspots. We also examined the sample biases on the frequency of superflares, taking into account gyrochronology and flare detection completeness. The sample sizes of solar-type and Sun-like stars (effective temperature is 5600–6000 K and rotation period is over 20 days in solar-type stars) are ∼4 and ∼12 times, respectively, compared with Notsu et al. As a result, we found 2341 superflares on 265 solar-type stars and 26 superflares on 15 Sun-like stars; the former increased from 527 to 2341 and the latter from three to 26 events compared with our previous study. This enabled us to have a more well-established view on the statistical properties of superflares. The observed upper limit of the flare energy decreases as the rotation period increases in solar-type stars. The frequency of superflares decreases as the stellar rotation period increases. The maximum energy we found on Sun-like stars is 4 × 1034 erg. Our analysis of Sun-like stars suggests that the Sun can cause superflares with energies of ∼7 × 1033 erg (∼X700-class flares) and ∼1 × 1034 erg (∼X1000-class flares) once every ∼3000 and ∼6000 yr, respectively.
Dust Temperature of Compact Star-forming Galaxies at z ∼ 1–3 in 3D-HST/CANDELS
Authors: Chen Zuyi , Fang Guanwen , Lin Zesen , Zhang Hongxin , Chen Guangwen , Kong Xu
Published: January 2021

Recent simulation studies suggest that the compaction of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at high redshift might be a critical process, during which the central bulge is being rapidly built, followed by quenching of the star formation. To explore dust properties of SFGs with compact morphology, we investigate the dependence of dust temperature, T
dust, on their size and star formation activity, using a sample of massive SFGs with

at 1 < z < 3, drawn from the 3D-HST/CANDELS database in combination with deep Herschel observations. T
dust is derived via fitting the mid-to-far-infrared photometry with a mid-infrared power law and a far-infrared modified blackbody. We find that both extended and compact SFGs generally follow a similar T
dust − z evolutionary track as that of the main-sequence galaxies. The compact SFGs seem to share similar dust temperature with extended SFGs. Despite the frequent occurrence of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in compact SFGs, we do not observe any effect on dust caused by the presence of AGNs in these galaxies during the compaction. Our results disfavor different ISM properties between compact and extended SFGs, suggesting that a rapid and violent compaction process might be not necessary for the formation of compact SFGs.
Torsional Alfvén Wave Cascade and Shocks Evolving in Solar Jets
Authors: Farahani S. Vasheghani , Hejazi S. M. , Boroomand M. R.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study is to model the nature of nonlinear torsional magnetohydrodynamic waves propagating in solar jets as they are elevated to the outer solar atmosphere. The contribution of sequential processes to the transfer of energy is taken under consideration: the nonlinear cascade and shock formation. Thus a straight magnetic cylinder embedded in a plasma with an initial magnetic field and parallel flow to the cylinder axis is implemented. To resemble a jet where the oscillation wavelength highly exceeds the radius, the second-order thin flux tube approximation proves adequate. A Cohen–Kulsrud type equation is presented, and its solution highly depends on the parameter presented in this study, which itself is constituted of various environmental and equilibrium conditions that affect the perturbations of the variables as well as the nonlinear forces connected to Alfvén wave propagation. The shock formation time of torsional waves is inversely proportional to the density contrast of the jet, while the efficiency of energy transfer to shorter scales is directly proportional to the density contrast. While the parallel flow with a shear at the boundary expedites shock formation, its efficiency regarding energy transfer is dramatically enhanced by the plasma-β, significantly contributing to coronal heating. The observational and seismological aspect of the present study is that faster jets are less probable for observations at higher altitudes, as they experience energy transfer mostly at the base of the corona, while slow speed jets may be observed at higher altitudes contributing to solar wind acceleration.
Properties of Galaxies in Cosmic Filaments around the Virgo Cluster
Authors: Lee Youngdae , Kim Suk , Rey Soo-Chang , Chung Jiwon
Published: January 2021

We present the properties of galaxies in filaments around the Virgo cluster with respect to their vertical distance from the filament spine using the NASA–Sloan Atlas catalog. The filaments are mainly composed of low-mass, blue dwarf galaxies. We observe that the g − r color of galaxies becomes blue and stellar mass decreases with increasing vertical filament distance. The galaxies were divided into higher-mass (

) and lower-mass (

) subsamples. We also examine the distributions of g − r color, stellar mass, Hα equivalent width (EW(Hα)), near-ultraviolet (NUV) − r color, and H i fraction of the two subsamples with the vertical distance. The lower-mass galaxies exhibit a negative g − r color gradient, whereas higher-mass galaxies have a flat g − r color distribution. We observe a negative EW(Hα) gradient for higher-mass galaxies, whereas lower-mass galaxies show no distinct EW(Hα) variation. In contrast, the NUV − r color distribution of higher-mass galaxies shows no strong trend, whereas the lower-mass galaxies show a negative NUV − r color gradient. We do not see clear gradients of H i fraction in either the higher- or lower-mass subsample. We propose that the negative color and stellar mass gradients of galaxies can be explained by mass assembly from past galaxy mergers at different vertical filament distances. In addition, galaxy interactions might be responsible for the contrasting features of EW(Hα) and NUV − r color distributions between the higher- and lower-mass subsamples. The distributions of H i fraction of the two subsamples suggest that the processes of ram pressure stripping and gas accretion may be ignored in the Virgo filaments.
Comparison of 24 h ECG Holter Monitoring with Real-time Long-term ECG Monitoring System using ECGalert Software and Savvy Single-Lead Patch
Authors: Poposka Lidija , Vavlukis Marija , Pejkov Hristo , Gusev Marjan
Published: January 2021

AIM: The aim of the study was to show non-inferiority of the single-channel ECGalert system to the gold standard (ECG Holter) in the detection of arrhythmias over the total wear time of both devices.
METHODS: A prospective study enrolled a total of 165 patients hospitalized at the University Clinic of Cardiology, who underwent simultaneous single-channel ECG recording with ECGAlert system and a conventional 24 h Holter monitor on the 1st day and continued ECGAlert monitoring for few more days, under assignment of the doctor or at the wish of the patient.
RESULTS: A total of 165 patients were included in the study, 61.2% male, mean age of 58.4 ± 12.7 years. Mean duration of ECG Holter monitoring was 23.2 ± 0.5 h and mean duration of ECGalert/Savvy monitoring was 64.6 ± 31.2. During the first 24 h of simultaneous ECG monitoring with both methods, no statistically significant difference was found in arrhythmia detection. Over the total wear time of both devices, the ECGalert system detected significantly more AF episodes as compared to Holter (p < 0.000). ECGalert demonstrated significantly lower detection rate of false pauses (0.001). However, false detection of episodes of VT or AF was significantly higher in ECGalert system versus Holter (p < 0.000 and p < 0.000 respectively). Patients were more satisfied with ECGalert system, due to lesser interference in daily activities.
CONCLUSION: The ECGalert system demonstrated superiority over traditional Holter monitoring in arrhythmia detection in the total monitoring period, but not in the first 24 h.
Anti-ulcer Effect of Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System of Alginate Beads Containing Turmeric Extract Solid Dispersion
Authors: Bangun Hakim , Arianto Anayanti , Rehngenana Elfina
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Treatment of gastric ulcer using turmeric extract is less effective because curcumin has low solubility and degraded in alkaline intestinal pH. Therefore, it is necessary to convert turmeric extract into turmeric solid dispersion to increase the dissolution of curcumin and the preparation is made in gastroretentive drug delivery system to improve the absorption of curcumin in the stomach.
AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the anti-ulcer effect of gastroretentive drug delivery system of alginate beads containing turmeric extract solid dispersion compared to alginate beads containing turmeric extract (without solid dispersion) and negative control.
METHODS: Turmeric powder was macerated with 96% ethanol for 8 days. The macerate was evaporated with a rotary evaporator at 50°C to obtain a concentrated extract. Turmeric extract solid dispersion was prepared by the solvent method using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a carrier. The turmeric extract solid dispersion was encapsulated with alginate gel by gelation method. The antiulcer test was performed on rats with gastric ulcer that induced by 0.6 N HCl solution. The ulcer healing was observed macroscopically and microscopically (histopathology).
RESULTS: The results of observation on the treatment of rats gastric ulcer that induced by 0.6 N HCl showed the gastroretentive drug delivery system of alginate beads containing turmeric extract solid dispersion effective in healing the gastric ulcer compared to negative control. The effectiveness was statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). Alginate beads containing turmeric solid dispersion were slightly more effective than alginate beads containing turmeric extract, but the effectiveness was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Alginate beads containing turmeric extract solid dispersion were effective in treatment of gastric ulcer in rats.