bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satellite quantification of methane emissions from South American countries: a high-resolution inversion of TROPOMI and GOSAT observations
Authors: Hancock Sarah E. , Jacob Daniel J. , Chen Zichong , Nesser Hannah , Davitt Aaron , Varon Daniel J. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Balasus Nicholas , Estrada Lucas A. , Cazorla María , Dawidowski Laura , Diez Sebastián , East James D. , Penn Elise , Randles Cynthia A. , Worden John , Aben Ilse , Parker Robert J. , Maasakkers Joannes D.
Published: January 2025

Abstract. We use 2021 TROPOMI and GOSAT satellite observations of atmospheric methane in an analytical inversion to quantify national methane emissions from South America at up to 25 km × 25 km resolution. From the inversion, we derive optimal posterior estimates of methane emissions, adjusting a combination of national anthropogenic emission inventories reported by individual countries to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the UNFCCC-based Global Fuel Exploitation Inventory (GFEIv2), and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGARv7) as prior estimates. We also evaluate two alternative wetland emission inventories (WetCHARTs and LPJ-wsl) as prior estimates. Our best posterior estimates for wetland emissions are consistent with previous inventories for the Amazon but lower for the Pantanal and higher for the Paraná. Our best posterior estimate of South American anthropogenic emissions is 48 (41–56) Tg a−1, where numbers in parentheses are the range from our inversion ensemble. This is 55 % higher than our prior estimate and is dominated by livestock (65 % of anthropogenic total). We find that TROPOMI and GOSAT observations can effectively optimize and separate national emissions by sector for 10 of the 13 countries and territories in the region, 7 of which account for 93 % of continental anthropogenic emissions: Brazil (19 (16–23) Tg a−1), Argentina (9.2 (7.9–11) Tg a−1), Venezuela (7.0 (5.5–9.9) Tg a−1), Colombia (5.0 (4.4–6.7) Tg a−1), Peru (2.4 (1.6–3.9) Tg a−1), Bolivia (0.96 (0.66–1.2) Tg a−1), and Paraguay (0.93 (0.88–1.0) Tg a−1). Our estimates align with the prior estimates for Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay but are significantly higher for other countries. Emissions in all countries are dominated by livestock (mainly enteric fermentation) except for oil–gas in Venezuela and landfills in Peru. Methane intensities from the oil–gas industry are high in Venezuela (33 %), Colombia (6.5 %), and Argentina (5.9 %). The livestock sector shows the largest difference between our top-down estimate and the UNFCCC prior estimates, and even countries using complex bottom-up methods report UNFCCC emissions significantly lower than our posterior estimate. These discrepancies could stem from underestimations in IPCC-recommended bottom-up calculations or uncertainties in the inversion from aggregation error and the prior spatial distribution of emissions.
Enhanced quantitative precipitation estimation through the opportunistic use of Ku TV-SAT links via a dual-channel procedure
Authors: Gelbart Louise , Barthès Laurent , Mercier-Tigrine François , Chazottes Aymeric , Mallet Cécile
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Earth–satellite microwave links such as TV-SAT can help for rainfall monitoring and could be a complement or an alternative to ground-based weather radars, rain gauges or Earth observation satellites. Rain-induced attenuation which is harmful for telecommunication is exploited here as an opportunistic way to estimate rain rate along the link path. This technique provides rain measurements at a fine temporal resolution (a few tens of seconds) and with a spatial resolution of a few kilometres, which is a good compromise for human activities such as civil security (watershed monitoring, flash flood), agriculture or transport. The advantages of this technique include the low cost of the equipment used, as well as the cost of on-site maintenance. However, the measured attenuation does not directly provide rain intensity, requiring the estimation of additional parameters. These include the contribution of natural radiation from the atmosphere. In this paper, we detail a theoretical framework allowing us to estimate rainfall from the measurements of a low-cost sensor operating simultaneously over two parts of the Ku frequency band. This framework is assessed in a densely instrumented area in the south of France, where very good results are obtained when compared to rain gauge measurements, in terms of both overall rain accumulation and rainfall rate distribution. Then we apply this dual-channel method in Côte d'Ivoire, in the metropolitan area of Abidjan, where such an approach is very promising. It is shown that this technique when compared to rain gauge measurements gives far better results than a naive single-channel approach neglecting the natural radiation of atmosphere but that significant errors remain in rainfall assessment, leading to a persistent underestimation of rain accumulation. Finally we discuss various effects that could lead to this remaining underestimation, opening the door for further studies.
Long-term changes in the dependence of NmF2 on solar flux at Juliusruh
Authors: Tan Jun Rios Maria Gloria , Borries Claudia , Liu Huixin , Mielich Jens
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Understanding ionospheric dependence on solar activity is crucial for comprehension of the upper atmosphere. The response of the ionosphere to solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux has previously been considered stable. Subsequent studies have revealed long-term changes that are not yet fully understood. This work evaluates the stability of the ionospheric F2 layer (NmF2) dependence on solar EUV indices throughout different solar cycles (SCs). Hourly values of the peak electron density of NmF2 from Juliusruh station (54.6° N, 13.4° E) are analyzed between 1957 and 2023. Geomagnetic perturbations are removed. Third-degree polynomial-fit models dependent on different solar EUV proxies (MgII, F30, and F10.7) are generated separately for each solar cycle, each season, and each local time (LT) hour. The saturation effect is visible in our data and starts at lower F30 values in the ascending phase than in the descending phase. A highly pronounced local time dependence in January with the R2 (goodness of the description for each fit) value being maximum around the noon hours has been observed. The correlation is highest for F30 and MgII, especially under winter noon conditions, supporting the findings of recent studies that they are the best solar flux proxies for describing the NmF2 dependence at all LT hours. Most importantly, the response of NmF2 to solar flux shows a clear long-term change as the slopes of the model curves decrease with time for each solar cycle. Between SC20 and SC24, the observed decrease is consistently higher than 2.9 % per decade, reaching 4.4 % per decade at 90 sfu between 1964 and 2019.
The response of small boreal catchments to extreme weather event: Hurricane Larry
Authors: Heerah Kavi Maruti , Clarke Kailee , Reader Heather
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The boreal environment is high in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and iron concentrations. This DOC is enriched in functional groups allowing it to bind strongly with iron and act as a significant source of iron to the coastal and marine environment. As climate change intensifies more extreme weather events will affect the northern hemisphere and boreal environment. These weather events can lead to massive fluxes of material from the environment but the impact it will have on the boreal environment is currently unknown. Hurricane Larry made landfall on Newfoundland (NL) in 2021 providing an opportunity to investigate how the boreal environment will react to extreme weather events. We sampled three rivers before and after the hurricane to see how DOC and iron concentrations, lability, and colour were affected by the hurricane. We found that a high percentage of forest and peatlands buffered against increases in DOC and colour, with wetlands buffering an increase in iron concentrations. This study represents one of the first to observe boreal catchment responses to extreme weather events such as hurricanes.
Community-driven natural hazard and physical vulnerability assessment in a disaster-prone urban neighborhood
Authors: Builes-Jaramillo Alejandro , Winson Annie E. G. , Bee Emma , Quirós Nancy , Urán Dairo , Rúa James , Rivera-Flórez Luis Alejandro , Restrepo-Estrada Camilo , Gómez-Miranda Ingry Natalia , Dashwood Claire , Porto de Albuquerque João
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Effectively reducing the risk of disasters in urban neighbourhoods is a key policy priority, which is becoming more pressing due to climate change. However, disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation efforts are often hampered by data gaps regarding the physical vulnerability and local impacts of hazards at the neighbourhood level. These gaps are particularly pronounced for informal settlements and marginalized communities of cities in the Global South, which are frequently invisible in official hazard and risk maps. Community-generated data and participatory methods are promising approaches to address these gaps, but there is a lack of guidelines and empirical examples of effective integration of communities into vulnerability assessment. This study presents the co-production of a physical vulnerability assessment framework, between academia, practitioners, and community researchers, using an iterative and easily replicable methodology. Working with community researchers from the self-constructed community El Pacífico in Medellín (Colombia), we developed a hazard perception exercise based on vulnerability indicators and produced hazard perception and physical vulnerability usable maps. We show how this work was able to refine the spatial scale of the hazard maps available for the neighbourhood, going beyond the city planning tools and enabling a building-scale vulnerability assessment that is valuable not only to support community decision-making and planning but also to advocate for public interventions towards reducing disaster risks.
Projeto Digi-Editorial: um método para o design de livros e outras publicações digitais
Authors: Klafke Dick Maurício Elias
Published: January 2025

Quando projetamos livros e outras publicações digitais, é essencial considerarmos suas particularidades para que possamos proporcionar experiências genuinamente digitais. Por outro lado, a falta de métodos específicos para guiar o design desses artefatos dificulta o processo e destaca a necessidade de estabelecer tarefas e atividades para sistematizar e organizar nosso fluxo de trabalho. Nessa direção, propõe-se aqui um método que pode ser aplicado como recurso metodológico e didático para estruturar e direcionar o processo de design de publicações digitais diversas, como e-books, revistas, catálogos, guias e cartilhas.
Moda e vestuário: considerações sobre o usuário idoso
Authors: Pereira das Neves Érica , Moreira da Silva Fernando , Paschoarelli Luis Carlos
Published: January 2025

A moda, principalmente por meio do vestuário, corrobora a construção social do corpo, engendrando dinâmicas que partem da dimensão individual para a coletiva. Essa prática de representação, apesar de partir da autonomia de cada indivíduo, recai sobre padronizações vinculadas a referências estéticas que resultam em moderações sobre o como cada um deve se apresentar no contexto social. No caso do idoso, esses padrões podem ser ainda mais rígidos em virtude de estigmas negativos associados ao envelhecimento. Entretanto, uma vez que o aumento demográfico dessa população está cada vez mais presente nas sociedades, desafiar as limitantes estéticas e estigmáticas é imprescindível para a construção de uma sociedade mais inclusiva, mais socialmente responsável e ética, que enfrente a marginalização dos idosos. Uma vez que o vestuário contribui para a extensão social do indivíduo, compreender as expectativas e necessidades de usuários idosos acentua a necessidade da busca do design por soluções que tragam bem-estar e satisfação pessoal. Nesse sentido, este estudo propôs explorar e discutir as percepções quanto ao uso e consumo dos idosos em relação à moda, especialmente, no que respeita ao vestuário. Este capítulo é um recorte de uma Tese de Doutorado em Design, desenvolvida em regime de cotutela entre a Universidade de Lisboa e a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Convênio n. 2100.0498/238/2018-FAAC), com apoio no Brasil pela CAPES (88882.180483/2018-01) e CNPq (207371/2017-2-SWE); e apoio em Portugal pelo Centro de Investigação em Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Design (CIAUD) e Fundação para Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT).
10.52050/9788579176753.2
Authors: Sato Duarte Adriana Yumi , Pereira de Andrade Ana Beatriz , Clementino dos Santos Gabriel , Oliveira Maciel Isabella , Ribeiro de Andrade Marina , Landim y Goya Julia Yuri
Published: January 2025

A parceria entre o Labsol e a Escola Estrela do Tibiriçá no carnaval de 2024 resultou não apenas em uma linda homenagem à uma das maiores cantoras brasileiras, mas também trouxe à tona questões fundamentais para a nossa sociedade. A presença dos outros símbolos como a Deusa Hygeia, o Deus Esculápio, o SUS e a Lei Lucas, aliadas à música ‘’Saúde’’ de Rita Lee, serviram como um lembrete da importância do cuidado com a saúde, e de defender uma saúde acessível e gratuita para todos. Além disso, a abordagem criativa do upcycling unido a experiência prática do Projeto Crisálida na produção dos figurinos e peças pilotos evidenciou o viés artístico e ecoou um chamado para uma consciência ambiental. Dessa forma, a produção do desfile nos convida a refletir sobre o cuidado com o nosso bem-estar e também com o mundo em que vivemos.
Mkrtičʻ Nałaš: An Armenian Bishop as Pillar of the Aqquyunlu State?
Authors: Leube Georg
Published: January 2025

Although the fifteenth century CE has commonly been recognized as a crucial saddle period in both the history of the Armenian church and the administrative history of the Middle East, which is largely focused on Muslim rulers before the Ottoman-Safavid confrontation, the two topics are usually approached separately. To bridge this gap, the present contribution examines three pivotal moments in the tenure of the Armenian bishop, painter, and poet Mkrtičʻ Nałaš (d. after 1469 CE) in Diyarbakır to argue that his career was inextricably entangled with the trajectory of the Aqquyunlu “Turkmen” rulers who were establishing Diyarbakır as a regional center at the time. Accordingly, I suggest that we should see the processes of Aqquyunlu state formation as including members of the Armenian clerical elite such as Mkrtičʻ Nałaš.
I propose to use the concept of synchronisms to reflect the joint and entangled agency of multiple individuals and interpersonal networks of mobilization and patronage. This concept enables the description of entanglements and linkages without attributing primacy to any of the involved parties. I argue that the synchronisms linking Mkrtičʻ Nałaš and early Aqquyunlu rulers of Diyarbakır demonstrate that the histories of Christian clerical elites and the histories of the Muslim etatist and administrative configurations they inhabited must be told together.
Evaluation of Handover Quality Using Fishbone Diagram Approach in Internal Disease Room of Cirebon City Hospital: Qualitative Study
Authors: Ayu Windri Dewi , Wianti Arni , Jaelani Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Handover in nursing refers to the systematic transfer of patient information, responsibility, and accountability from one nurse to another, which usually occurs during shift changes, but in its implementation, often experiences weaknesses that can lead to a suboptimal handover process and can disrupt the continuity of care and hinder collaborative efforts that are important in promoting patient safety. This study aims to identify the causes of the suboptimal quality of the implementation of handover between nurse shifts with the SBAR method in the internal medicine room of a hospital in Cirebon City using a qualitative method with a situation analysis approach using fishbone analysis, which has components of man, money, method, material and machine. The results of the fishbone analysis obtained five causes of the suboptimal handover process, namely nurses' knowledge of handover with SBAR is still lacking, the components in the SBAR format are not optimal in documentation, there is no definitive evaluation team, there is no monitoring instrument and the handover evaluation is not optimally monitored periodically. Therefore, the author recommends solving the problem, namely providing education or training on handover using the SBAR method for nurses, compiling instruments or checklist forms that are easier for nurses to use in handover between shifts, re-socializing the handover SOP to nurses, compiling a monitoring schedule by the head of the room or team head, forming an evaluation team and compiling a periodic evaluation schedule.
Development of Class V STEM-R Based Science Teaching Materials
Authors: Dariyati Ningsih Uly , Rusilowati Ani , Tri Prasetya Agung
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to test the effectiveness of science teaching materials based on Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Religion (STEM-R). The research design used is Research & Development (R&D) research with the ADDIE development model. This research also uses a pretest-posttest control group design, namely a research design with 2 comparison classes. This research was carried out at Cahaya Ilmu Islamic Elementary School, Semarang. The research subjects were class V students in the first semester of the 2024/2025 academic year, which consisted of two classes with a total of 50 students, namely 25 children as the experimental class and 25 children as the control class. Data collection techniques in this research are test and non-test techniques. The test data collection instrument uses essay questions, and the non-test data collection instrument consists of a questionnaire and observation guidelines. Data analysis techniques in research consist of normality tests, homogeneity, linear regression tests, and N-Gain tests. The results of this research are that STEM-R-based science and science teaching materials are effective in improving student learning outcomes. This is proven by student learning results during the pretest and posttest. The average student posttest score was 84.4. The results of the linear regression test show that the Sig value, namely 0.00, is less than 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of STEM-R-based science teaching materials on the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at Cahaya Ilmu Islamic Elementary School. The students' n-gain scores showed that there was a significant increase from pretest to posttest or after learning with STEM-R-based science teaching materials on the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at Cahaya Ilmu Islamic Elementary School. Next, an average calculation was carried out to obtain an average n-gain for fifth-grade students at Cahaya Ilmu Islamic Elementary School of 0.61, which is in the medium n-gain criteria. The conclusion is that STEM-R-based science and science teaching materials are effective in improving student learning outcomes.

Keywords: Teaching Materials, Science, STEM-R
Analysis of Heavy Metal Content (Cd, Hg, and Pb) in Rice Harvested by Farmers in Dengilo District, Pohuwato Regency Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
Authors: Isa Ishak , Taupik Muhammad , Rahman Sela Andriyani , . Madania , Aprianto Paneo Mohamad
Published: January 2025

Rice is the staple food for a significant portion of the global population, particularly in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to determine whether rice cultivated in Dengilo District, Pohuwato Regency, is contaminated with heavy metals. The research employed qualitative and quantitative methods using various reagents, including HNO3, 55% HCl, HClO4, H2SO4, Potassium Iodide (KI), NaOH, Na2CO3, and an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) instrument. The results revealed that the qualitative tests showed positive contamination in rice samples A, B, and D, indicated by color changes and the formation of precipitates, while sample C tested negative. Quantitative tests confirmed the presence of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, and Pb) in all samples, although within permissible limits. Among the three metals, cadmium (Cd) exhibited the highest average concentration at 0.0465 mg/kg. This elevated Cd level is attributed to the repetitive use of phosphate fertilizers and pesticides, industrial waste discharge, vehicle combustion emissions, heavy metal residues from industrial processes, and atmospheric deposition. The study concludes that all rice samples tested positive for heavy metals (Cd, Hg, and Pb); however, their concentrations remain within the safe thresholds established by regulatory standards.

Keywords: Rice, Heavy Metals, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
Interleukin-6 as a biomarker of clinical and subclinical streptococcal mastitis in cattle
Authors: Makavchik S. A. , Avdeenko V. S. , Pavlova V. S.
Published: January 2025

Interleukin-6 is one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines, activating the innate and acquired mechanisms of the immune response of animals. The aim of the study was to evaluate interleukin-6 as a biomarker of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. For laboratory studies, milk and blood samples were collected from Holstein-Friesian cows with mastitis (n=20) and healthy ones (n=10) in the Novgorod region. The study to study the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) included animals with infectious cow mastitis caused by Streptococcus spp. The levels of IL-6 in milk from cows with both clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis compared with the control group at maximum values corresponded to: 1069.47±0.33 pg/ml versus 4004.96±0.25 pg/ml in group with clinical mastitis (CM), p < 0.05; and against 1903.22 pg/ml in the group with subclinical mastitis (SCM), p < 0.05. The levels of IL-6 in the milk of healthy cows were 1066.99±0.33 pg/ml and were significantly lower by 1.7-3.7 times than in the milk of all cows suffering from mastitis caused by Streptococcus spp. A difference was detected in the levels of IL-6 in the blood serum between the results obtained in the group of animals with CM and SCM (1069.47±0.13 pg/ml versus 700.99±0.22 pg/ml). The concentration of IL-6 in the blood serum of healthy cows was in the range of 633.49±0.53 pg/ml and differed from the level of IL-6 in the blood serum of all groups of cows suffering from clinical or subclinical mastitis (700.99±0 .52 pg/ml and 1069.47±0.33 pg/ml, respectively). Our results suggest that cows suffering from mastitis caused by Streptococcus spp. develop a local immune response in the udder in response to the pathogen. Thus, monitoring the level of interleukin-6 in milk may allow early detection of mastitis, which is especially important in cases of subclinical inflammation of the mammary gland.
The effect of the drug "prostimul" on the natural resistance and gene expression level of piglets with hypotrophy
Authors: Mikhailov E. V. , Shutikov V. A. , Shabunin B. V. , Stepanov E. M. , Nekrasov A. V. , Shaposhnikova Yu. V.
Published: January 2025

The problem of the birth of piglets with hypotrophy in the conditions of modern industrial pig farming causes great economic damage to this industry. Various forms of immunodeficiency are of great importance in the pathogenesis of hypotrophy. In this regard, an active search is underway for effective drugs for veterinary use to combat this pathology. One of these drugs is "Prostimul", which includes a signal peptide of the first type belonging to the cytokine group, as well as vitamins A, E, C. This article describes studies conducted on a group of hypotrophic piglets in order to determine the effect of the drug on immunological blood parameters, namely, an assessment of weasels, helmets, general IG, CEC, CT, SP, ETC. "Prostimuli" were administered twice to a group of hypotrophic piglets, on the first and third days of life in a dose 0.1 ml/kg of body weight. Blood samples for the study were taken on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the double use of the drug "Stimul" contributed to the normalization of immune functions, which was already visible on the 7th day of the experiment. Thus, in hypotrophic piglets of the experimental group and normotrophics, the indicators of BASK, WEASEL, CEC and general IG were identical. In piglets with hypotrophy treated with the drug "Prostimul", there was a significant increase in the level of Ifn-α expression by days 7 and 14 – by 56.73 times compared with normotrophics. By day 14, an increase in the level of Tgf-β expression was also noted, indicating activation of immune processes in piglets with hypotrophy. Interestingly, by day 21, there was a decrease in the level of Ifn-α expression by 5.33 times compared with normotrophics after using the drug "Prostimul", which may indicate a decrease in inflammatory processes. Two-time use of the drug, in our opinion, should be considered optimal due to its stable effect throughout the experiment.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeine in cattle in the context of liver functional assessment
Authors: Popova O. S. , Ponamarev V. S. , Kostrova A. V. , Agafonova L. A.
Published: January 2025

A retrospective analysis of the scientific literature indicates that the predictive potential of caffeine in assessing the safety of the metabolic function of the hepatobiliary system has been actively studied in some animal species (laboratory animals, horses, etc.), but such studies were few in number and ambiguous in terms of obtaining a stable diagnostic result, which allows us to consider further experiments of this kind promising. The main objective of this study is to identify standard pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeine in clinically healthy animals (cattle) for their further use as a starting point for further study of changes in these parameters in various pathologies of the hepatobiliary system. The studies were conducted in 2024 in one of the livestock farms of the Pskov region of the dairy industry; Holsteinized cattle were used in the experiments. In experimental animals pre-treated with exogenous caffeine, after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18 and 24 hours, blood was collected from the experimental animals by venipuncture of the jugular vein, after which caffeine levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The obtained data were statistically processed using open software for calculating pharmacokinetic parameters ("distribution volume", "total plasma clearance" and "mean residence time"). The obtained pharmacokinetic parameters, as well as the caffeine levels themselves, will be the starting point for further studies, since in order to identify patterns of change in the behavior of the dynamic clearance test with caffeine, it is necessary to take into account the change in these indicators in a comparative aspect with animals with susceptible hepatopathies.
Features of the ultrastructural organization of endothelial cells of the capillaries of the mammalian cerebral cortex, using the example of a domestic bull
Authors: Prusakov A. V.
Published: January 2025

There are many tissue barriers in the body, the work of which is largely due to the structure of the vascular wall of the capillary bed. Each of them has its own structural organization, which determines the characteristics of the transport of substances. Many pathologies are caused by a violation of their permeability, associated with changes in the composition of the interstitial medium. That is why the study of the features of the organization of histogematic barrier structures is not only theoretical, but also extremely important in practice. Considering the above, the goal was set to establish the features of the ultrastructural organization of the endothelial cells of the capillaries of the mammalian cerebral cortex, using the example of a domestic bull. The study was carried out using the technique of electron microscopy. The material was fragments of the cerebral cortex of a domestic bull. Their processing for the production of ultrathin sections was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The sections were contrasted with a 2.0% aqueous solution of uranyl acetate and a solution of lead citrate. Photos of ultrathin sections were obtained using the Jem1011 electron microscope (JEOL, Japan) at magnifications of 2500-3000. The terms given in the work correspond to the International Histological Nomenclature. It has been established that the endotheliocytes of the capillaries of the mammalian cerebral cortex are low-profile cells with a polygonal shape. One large spherical core is revealed in their composition. Heterochromatin in the composition of the latter occupies the peripheral zone, due to which its central part remains electron-luminous. A small volume of cytoplasm surrounds the cell nucleus with a thin layer. It contains a small number of organelles and a small number of pinocytic vesicles, which indicates low cell transport activity.
Morphofunctional activity of npm1 protein in tubularbreast cancer in cats
Authors: Mitenko V. V. , Dilekova O. V.
Published: January 2025

The carcinogenesis of mammary gland tumors in cats is characterized by its uniformity with respect to cellular structures, due to this, it is possible to analyze the effect of individual signature patterns on the mechanism of cancer occurrence well. To do this, it is necessary to determine the functional state of individual proteins that begin to express both inside and on the surface of the nuclear structure. Some multifunctional proteins in the region of nucleolar organizers form the activity of the nucleus, which is closely related to the regulation of the cell cycle. The nucleophosmin protein is an essential cellular protein that is involved in a number of pathways, including mRNA transport, chromatin remodeling, apoptosis, and genome stability. It is poorly expressed by resting cells, but its overexpression leads the cell to stimulate division and increase metastatic potential. Therefore, the aim of our study was to study the expression of the nucleophosmin protein (NPM1) at different histological gradations of tubular carcinoma in mammary glands in cats (n=13). The review presents the results of the histological structure of tubular carcinoma from the highly differentiated to the low-differentiated type. When studying the material, it was revealed that tumor emboli were recorded in 5 samples of G3 tumors in lymphatic vessels that were located cross-border, and macrometastasis, occupying about 70% of the parenchyma of the cortical substance, was also recorded in one sample of the lymph node. When performing an immunohistochemical study (IHC), it was determined that immunopositive sites were noted in the nucleolar localization, while a staining score was recorded, which corresponded to moderate (++) for highly differentiated tumors and strong (+++) for low-grade ones. Thus, when this marker was overexpressed, chromatin disorganization occurred in the nucleolus with an increase in subcomputments in the nucleus, which subsequently led to an increase in the metastatic potential characteristic of G3 tumors.
Prospects for the application of reproductive technologies in fence keeping of reindeer
Authors: Musidray A. A. , Yuzhakov A. A. , Laishev K. A. , Nikitkina E. V.
Published: January 2025

Reindeer husbandry is the main branch of agriculture in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, and a form of traditional environmental management of the North peoples. To preserve and grow the industry, government support and the development of the principles of traditional management with the help of biotechnology are necessary. The article discusses the prospects for using reproductive technologies in fence keeping of reindeer. In reindeer breeding, none of the reproductive technologies are currently used, unlike other types of animal husbandry. The advantages of using assisted reproductive technologies in fenced reindeer herding are that reindeer herders obtain offspring of animals with favorable characteristics and manage reproduction. In addition, the development of technologies for working with sperm and embryos, the creation of cryopreserved biomaterial banks are important for the revival of endangered subspecies and intrabreed local genotypes. When keeping reindeer in a fenced area, it is possible to accustom animals to manipulations with an artificial vagina or electroejaculator. Free-range keeping of reindeer complicates the identification and fixation of individuals, observation and selection. With free-range keeping, uncontrolled mating may occur, it is impossibility of separating selected individuals, and creating harems. Fence keeping will allow to create necessary groups (recipients, synchronized females, females for artificial insemination, males for sperm extraction, etc.) and graze them separately, fix them, quickly find the necessary animals and carry out manipulations. Division into groups will also allow to carry out harem mating with selected males and females. Development and implementation of assisted reproductive technologies in northern reindeer herding will allow to intensify the selection process and improve the quality of reindeer products.
Ultrasound features of the carpal joint of goats carrying goat arthritisencephalitis virus arthritisencephalitis of goats
Authors: Sychev I. A. , Barashkin M. I. , Lazareva A. A. , Pechura E. V.
Published: January 2025

Ultrasound diagnosis of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system is common in both veterinary and human medicine. This research method allows you to visualize the anatomical structures of the joint to determine pathological changes in individual areas. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is one of the types of infectious agents that affect the condition of joints in goats. Clinical signs are observed mainly in adult goats, but can also occur in young animals as young as 6 months of age. The disease is characterized by long-term asymptomatic virus carriage with the subsequent development of signs of damage to the respiratory system, joints of the limbs and udder, as well as the central nervous system. The article describes the results of ultrasound examinations of the carpal joint of goats of different age groups (from 1 year to 4 years) affected by the goat arthritis-encephalitis virus. According to the results of a clinical examination of the distal thoracic limbs of the studied goats, pathological changes were detected in 75% of animals older than one and a half years. Ultrasound examination visualized tendons, paraarticular tissues, articular surfaces of bones, cartilage, the presence of osteophytes and free chondromic bodies. The main ultrasonographic signs of damage to the articular surfaces and surrounding tissues in goat arthritis-encephalitis were determined, namely the presence of fluid inclusions in the periarticular tissues, thickening of the tendons, cartilage deformation, subchondral surface of the bones and mineralized inclusions. Thus, in animals under the age of one and a half years, signs characteristic of the initial stage of arthrosis were revealed, in the absence of a pronounced clinical picture. Thus, the use of ultrasound will allow early diagnosis of joint lesions in animals at enterprises with goats unaffected by arthritisencephalitis.
PHAGOCYTIC INDICES OF BLOOD PSEUDOEOSINOPHILS WITH THE USE OF CIPROFLOXACIN AND ENROFLOXACIN
Authors: Prisnyi A. A. , Skvortsov V. N. , Gorbaneva A. S. , Mazur A. D. , Stepanova T. V.
Published: January 2025

The effect of drinking ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin at a dose of 200 mg/l on phagocytosis of pseudoeosinophils in the blood of chickens was studied. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin are antibacterial drugs of the fluoroquinolone group used in veterinary medicine. The most common use of these drugs in poultry farming is due to their excellent pharmacodynamic and antimicrobial properties. The aim of the work is to study the effect of fluoroquinolones on the phagocytosis of pseudoeosinophils. The study involved three groups consisting of day-old chickens of the Haysex Braun cross. Chickens of group I (control) received clean water, while in groups II and III ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were soldered for 10 days with water at a dose of 200 mg/l. Blood sampling was performed on the 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after drug withdrawal. The phagocytic activity, phagocytic number, phagocytic index and phagocytic capacity of pseudoeosinophils were studied after co-incubation for 30 and 120 minutes with a culture of Staphylococcus aureus. As a result of the conducted studies of the effect of fluoroquinolones on the phagocytic reaction, no significant negative effects of the drugs were revealed. The main changes during incubation of pseudoeosinophils together with St. aureus were registered on the third and fifth days. Enrofloxacin caused shifts after 30-minute incubation with St. aureus, which manifested itself in a significant but not prolonged decrease in phagocytic activity, as well as an ambiguous short-term decrease followed by an increase in the phagocytic index and phagocytic number. All registered changes were short-lived.
DIAGNOSTICS OF LIVER DISEASES IN CATTLE USING CAFFEINE CLEARANCE, WITH FATTY HEPATOSIS AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: Popova O. S.
Published: January 2025

Hepatic elimination is a function of interactions between various processes, such as sinusoidal absorption, intracellular metabolism, canalicular (biliary) secretion and sinusoidal outflow. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between the clinical condition of cattle with a confirmed diagnosis of fatty hepatosis and the metabolism of sodium caffeine benzoate. The studies were conducted on a farm in the Pskov region; the object of the study was Holsteinized cows, which underwent a medical examination, according to the results of which animals with fatty hepatosis were selected. The experimental animals were injected once with a sterile solution of sodium caffeine benzoate (OOO Mosagrogen, Russia) at a dosage of 5 mg / kg (according to the instructions and previously developed methods). The control group, healthy animals, were injected with the same drug in a similar dosage. After 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18 and 24 hours, blood was collected from the experimental animals by venipuncture of the jugular vein, after which caffeine levels were determined by the enzyme immunoassay method using the ELISA-Caffeine test system (manufacturer Gold Standard Diagnostics, USA) on a Stat Fax 4700 strip ELISA analyzer (USA). The correlation model for diagnosing hepatobiliary pathologies based on caffeine clearance was studied by identifying correlation coefficients (Spearman and Pearson). With normal liver function, caffeine is eliminated within the expected time frame, but in the presence of pathologies, a delay ("plateau") in the elimination of the substance is observed. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, it is possible to create prognostic models that allow veterinary specialists not only to diagnose, but also to form an idea of the course of diseases.
NEURAL NETWORK ANALYSIS OF SILAGE FORAGE QUALITY BASED ON THE BIOCONSOLIDATION INDEX OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA BIOSYSTEMS
Authors: Vorobyov N. I. , Ilyina L. A. , Laptev G. Y. , Selina M. V. , Guselnikova A. A.
Published: January 2025

In this study, using the original neural network information technology, it was possible to perform an intelligent analysis of molecular genetic data of silage microflora and evaluate the influence of silage starters and preservatives on the directionality of microbiological biochemical processes in silage biomass. The output product of the intelligent analysis of fractal profiles of silage microflora was the CSIgaZ and CSImU indices, chosen to represent quantitatively, in terms of microbiological data, the intensity of silage outgassing and the amount of lactic and acetic acids in silage. According to the CSImU index it was possible to evaluate the increase of lactic acid and decrease of acetic acid in silage, which signals the slowing down of development of putrefactive microorganisms in silage, and according to the CSIgaZ index - the decrease of silage gas emissions, which indicates favourable anaerobic conditions in which microbiological biochemical processes in silage take place. The laboratory experiment on silage of hedgehog silage conducted in the molecular genetic laboratory of ‘Biotrof’ Ltd. showed that ‘Biotrof-111’ (based on Bacillus subtilis, produced by ‘Biotrof’ Ltd.) creates the best anaerobic conditions in the silaged plant biomass, where the microflora of silage bioconsolidates in the biosystem of lactic acid bacteria. LLC ‘Biotrof’) creates the best anaerobic conditions in the silage plant biomass, in which the silage microflora bioconsolidates into a biosystem of lactic acid bacteria with a minimum value of CSIgaZ index = 3.1 and a maximum value of CSImU index = 6.8, that is, in this variant of silage silage hedgehog silage microflora of silage manages to group in such a way, that simultaneously provides a relatively low intensity of silage gas emissions, accelerated formation of lactic acid and slow formation of acetic acid in silage, and thus in these conditions the processes will be completed with the best quality nutritional indicators of silage.
ANALYSIS OF FEED ADDITIVES WITH PLANT-ORIGIN COMPONENTS USED IN DOMESTIC POULTRY FARMING
Authors: Kazachkova N. M.
Published: January 2025

Poultry farming is one of the most dynamically developing branches of agriculture in Russia. To ensure high productivity of poultry and improve product quality, poultry farmers use various feed additives. However, now, due to the difficult situation in the country and many sanctions imposed, the offers on the domestic feed additives market may cause difficulties in choosing the best option. In this regard, the purpose of this article was to analyze feed additives with components of plant origin that exist in our country and are used in poultry farming (as of 2023). An analysis of literary data, data from the state register of feed additives produced on the Russian market made it possible to assess the situation in the field of feeding agricultural poultry. The supply and demand for these additives were studied, and research data on various types of additives with plant components on the body of agricultural poultry are provided. It should be noted that more and more attention in the modern production of feed antibiotics for farm animals and poultry is paid to the use of components of plant origin, the so-called phytobiotics. The article provides solutions to the problem and development prospects for the domestic feed additives market, and also indicates the potential for improving the quality and diversity of supply. It is concluded that the analysis is important for feed additives manufacturers, as well as specialists and researchers in the field of poultry farming.
COLLECTION OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF “BUTOPHAN OR”
Authors: Konovalova E. M. , Kocish I. I. , Kapitonova E. A. , Nesterov V. N.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of the use of the drug “Butofan OR” in various dosages for transovarial treatment of hatching eggs and stimulation of embryogenesis in chickens of the highly productive meat cross “Cobb 500”. Despite the fact that in general the mechanisms of embryogenesis have been studied, there remains an open question about the effect of various drugs on the process of embryo development under the influence of paratypic factors. In particular, effective methods of using the drug “Butofan OR” for transovarial treatment of hatching eggs of parent flock chickens and stimulation of further development of young animals at different stages of ontogenesis have not yet been studied. The purpose of the work is to determine the effectiveness of using different doses of the drug “Butofan OR” during transovarial processing of eggs. “Butofan OR” in 1 ml contains butaphosphan – 100 mg and cyanocobalamin – 0.050 mg as active ingredients; excipients: methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate – 0.7-1.3 mg, purified water – up to 1 ml. The drug was specified in the following concentrations of the working solution: 01%, etc. It was found that when using the drug in experimental groups, the duration of withdrawal was reduced by 2 -4 hours. During pre-incubation treatment of eggs in all experimental groups, it was found that, taking into account incubation waste, hatchability increased by 5.14% and 6.71%, and hatchability by 7.03% and 7.82%. When assessing chickens at one day of age, it was found that in the 2nd experimental group, according to the set of indicators of the quality criterion of the “Pasgar” scale, the average score was 8.7, and according to the quality criteria of the “Optistart” scale, the average score was 9.2. The best performance was observed when processing hatching eggs in concentrations of 0.5% before placing them in the incubator and 5.0% on the 18.5th day of egg incubation. Transovarial treatment of hatching eggs had a positive effect on the viability and dynamics of live weight of hatched young animals. At the end of the technological growing period, the live weight of the chickens exceeded the results of the control analogues - by 6.91% (P <0.001) with the safety of the livestock - 99.0%.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF LAMINARIA CRUSH ON THE EXPRESSION OF PRODUCTIVITY GENES IN THE BODY OF LAYING HENS
Authors: Kochish I. I. , Zimin E. E. , Nikonov I. N.
Published: January 2025

In animal diets, due to the rejection of antibiotics and growth stimulants, alternative and safe additives are needed to improve their health and well-being. In this regard, biologically active components of plant origin, such as extracts and infusions from herbs and wood, dry plant biomass, including algae, are becoming relevant. According to many authors, seaweed can be used in poultry farming as part of feed components and feed additives both to improve the immune status and to normalize the microflora in the digestive tract. The recommended dosages of algae used to improve the quality of the resulting products range from 1% to 5% of dry weight. The purpose of the presented study was to study the effect of kelp grits on the expression of genes in the body of laying hens of the Lohmann White cross. The work used zootechnical methods and molecular biology methods. During the study, the effect of kelp grits on the expression of productivity genes in laying hens was assessed. The introduction of kelp at a rate of 5 g / kg into the diet of older laying hens contributed to the positive activation of productivity genes (OCX-32, OCX-36, CALB1) by 30-60%. The obtained results are the basis for the development of new biotechnologies that help extend the period of productive use of industrial cross-breed laying hens by improving egg production indicators. In order to increase egg production indicators, as well as to increase the expression of productivity and resistance genes of egg-laying hens, we recommend including a biologically active additive of kelp in the diets of laying hens at a rate of 5 g / kg of feed.