bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser written circuits for quantum photonics
Authors: Meany Thomas , Gräfe Markus , Heilmann René , Perez‐Leija Armando , Gross Simon , Steel Michael J. , Withford Michael J. , Szameit Alexander
Published: July 2015

The femtosecond laser direct‐writing (FLDW) of waveguide circuits in glasses has seen interest from a number of fields over the previous 20 years. It has evolved from a curiosity to a viable platform for the rapid prototyping of small scale circuits. The field of quantum information science has exploited this capability and in the process advanced the fabrication technique. In this review the technological aspects of the laser inscription method relevant to quantum information science will be discussed. A range of demonstrations which have been enabled by laser written circuits will be outlined; these include novel circuits, simulations, photon sources and detection. This places the FLDW technique among the few integrated optical platforms to have produced individually every component required for scalable quantum computation.

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Intercostal nerve transfer to the biceps motor branch in complete traumatic brachial plexus injuries
Authors: Cho Alvaro Baik , Iamaguchi Raquel Bernardelli , Bersani Silva Gustavo , Paulos Renata Gregorio , Kiyohara Leandro Yoshinobu , Sorrenti Luiz , de Oliveira Costa Riker Teles de Menezes Klícia , Rosa de Rezende Marcelo , Wei Teng Hsiang , Mattar Rames
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this report is to critically evaluate our results of two intercostal nerve transfers directly to the biceps motor branch in complete traumatic brachial plexus injuries. From January 2007 to November 2012, 19 patients were submitted to this type of surgery, but only 15 of them had a follow‐up for ≥2 years and were included in this report. The mean interval from trauma to surgery was 6.88 months (ranging from 3 to 9 months). Two intercostals nerves were dissected and transferred directly to the biceps motor branch. The mean follow‐up was 38.06 months (ranging from 24 to 62 months). Ten patients (66.6%) recovered an elbow flexion strength ≥M3. Four of them (26.66%) recovered a stronger elbow flexion ≥M4. One patient (6.25%) recovered an M2 elbow flexion and four patients (26.66%) did not regain any movement. We concluded that two intercostal nerve transfers to the biceps motor branch is a procedure with moderate results regarding elbow flexion recovery, but it is still one of the few options available in complete brachial plexus injuries, especially in five roots avulsion scenario. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:428–431, 2015.
Intrinsic optical intersubband bistability in quantum‐well structures: External factor effect
Authors: Bondarenko Victor
Published: July 2015

Abstractauthoren A generalized cubic equation is presented to describe the intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) process in a two‐level system within the rotating wave approximation when repopulation of the two levels is governed not only by the incident radiation with changing intensity but also by an additional external factor (X‐factor). Numerical simulations are performed for two‐ and three‐quantum‐well (QW) systems without and within a microcavity. The obtained results demonstrate that a relatively small change of the X‐factor‐caused repopulation of the subbands (as in all QWs simultaneously as in only one selected QW) can produce a dramatic effect on the reflectance dependence upon the incident radiation intensity, in particular on the IOB pictures. It is shown that the IOB process (dubbed as the IOBX) can be driven by the cyclic change of the X‐factor‐caused repopulation of the subbands at a carefully chosen fixed value of the incident radiation intensity.
Fitting additive hazards models for case‐cohort studies: a multiple imputation approach
Authors: Jung Jinhyouk , Harel Ofer , Kang Sangwook
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we consider fitting semiparametric additive hazards models for case‐cohort studies using a multiple imputation approach. In a case‐cohort study, main exposure variables are measured only on some selected subjects, but other covariates are often available for the whole cohort. We consider this as a special case of a missing covariate by design. We propose to employ a popular incomplete data method, multiple imputation, for estimation of the regression parameters in additive hazards models. For imputation models, an imputation modeling procedure based on a rejection sampling is developed. A simple imputation modeling that can naturally be applied to a general missing‐at‐random situation is also considered and compared with the rejection sampling method via extensive simulation studies. In addition, a misspecification aspect in imputation modeling is investigated. The proposed procedures are illustrated using a cancer data example. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Counseling in fetal medicine: evidence‐based answers to clinical questions on morbidly adherent placenta
Authors: D'Antonio F. , Palacios‐Jaraquemada J. , Lim P. S. , Forlani F. , Lanzone A. , Timor‐Tritsch I. , Cali G.
Published: July 2015

Although the incidence of morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) has risen progressively in the last two decades, there remains uncertainty about the diagnosis and management of this condition. The aim of this review is to provide up‐to‐date and evidence‐based answers to common clinical questions regarding the diagnosis and management of MAP. Different risk factors have been associated with MAP; however, previous Cesarean section and placenta previa are the most frequently associated. Ultrasound is the primary method for diagnosing MAP and has a good overall diagnostic accuracy for its detection. When considering the different ultrasound signs of MAP, color Doppler seems to provide the best diagnostic performance. Magnetic resonance imaging has the same accuracy in diagnosing MAP as does ultrasound examination; its use should be considered when a resective procedure, such as hysterectomy, is planned as it can provide detailed information about the topography of placental invasion and predict difficulties that may arise in surgery. The optimal gestational age for delivery in pregnancies with MAP is yet to be established; planning surgery between 35 and 36 weeks of gestation provides the best balance between fetal maturity and the risk of unexpected episodes of heavy bleeding, which are more likely to occur with delivery after this timepoint, especially in severe cases of MAP. The optimal surgical approach to MAP depends on multiple factors, including availability of an experienced team, specific surgical skills and hospital resources. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Investigation of the effects of nonisothermal suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride on the fusion and degradation behavior of poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Darvishi R. , Nasr Esfahany M. , Bagheri R.
Published: July 2015

Thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) samples polymerized under a temperature trajectory was studied from the point of view of morphological and microstructural characteristics. The results are compared with those of the PVC samples obtained by polymerization at constant temperature having the same K value. The Brabender® plastograph data indicated that the final PVC synthesized with the temperature trajectory showed lower fusion time and higher thermal stability time. The nonisothermal condition also increased the degree of fusion of the final PVC resin, reflecting lower temperature/time required to process it. It was found that the thermal stability of nonisothermally produced PVC as characterized by dehydrochlorination rate decreased (improved) with the increasing monomer conversion until a minimum value was reached that corresponded to the conversion at the pressure drop. However, the dehydrochlorination rate remains almost constant with conversion for an isothermal grade PVC resin. Although the evolution of the number of internal double bonds as well as extent of discoloration of PVC with conversion shows a decreasing trend, the labile chlorine concentration exhibits a maximum at early conversion. The reason for the former can be explained by the temperature dependence of reactions forming defect structures, which are kinetically controlled and thus favored at higher temperatures. The latter, however, can be explained because of the increasing importance of transfer reactions to polymer with increasing polymer concentration. Finally, the results from differential thermogravimetry verify an improvement in thermal stability of the final PVC prepared by using a temperature trajectory during vinyl chloride monomer suspension polymerization. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:259–266, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Investigation of the effects of nonisothermal suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride on resin properties
Authors: Darvishi R. , Nasr Esfahany M. , Bagheri R.
Published: July 2015

Molecular and morphological properties of suspension poly(vinyl chloride) produced by nonisothermal polymerization was experimentally investigated in a pilot‐scale reactor. Although molecular weight and polydispersity index of the nonisothermally produced poly(vinyl chloride) is almost the same as the equivalent isothermal polymerization, there are differences in morphological characteristics. The cold plasticizer absorption of the resin produced nonisothermally is greater than that of the equivalent isothermal product. Scanning electron microscopy showed that nonisothermally produced particles are more regularly shaped, with a smoother surface, and had greater porosity compared with the product of isothermal polymerization reaction. Applying temperature trajectory produces particles with slightly wider particle size distribution relative to the particles produced isothermally. The evolution of particles with conversion is characterized by processing images obtained by scanning electron microscope. Applying a variable temperature trajectory accelerates the formation of a three‐dimensional skeleton of primary particles relative to the isothermally produced particles. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:267–274, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Structures and Fluorescent Properties of Cadmium(II) Complexes with 1D and 2D Structures Based on Tridentate Benzimidazole Ligands
Authors: Feng Rui , Hou Yong , Wu Zhen‐Zhen , Yang Yan , Nie Feng‐Mei
Published: July 2015

The cadmium(II) complexes [CdL1(m‐nba)2] (1), [CdL1(p‐nba)2]·C2H5OH (2), [CdL2(p‐nba)2]·CH3OH (3), and [CdL2(p‐nbat)2] (4) containing the ligands L1 and L2 [L1 = 2,6‐bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl)pyridine, L2 = bis(2‐benzimidazolylmethyl)amine] were synthesized and characterized (m‐nba, p‐nba, and p‐nbat are the anions of p‐nitrobenzoic acid, m‐nitrobenzoic acid, and p‐nitrobenzeneacetic acid, respectively). The complexes were investigated by X‐ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis as well as IR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Compounds 1–3 contain a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal coordination sphere with CdII coordinated by two carboxylate ligands in bidentate‐chelating mode, whereas complex 4 exhibits a distorted octahedral arrangement with one carboxylate ligand in bidentate‐chelating and the other in monodentate coordination mode. 1 and 2 form a 1D chain interplayed by hydrogen bonding and strong π–π stacking interactions. 3 and 4 vary from 1D chain into 2D single‐layer and double‐layer networks because of more extensive hydrogen bonding interactions. The complexes show emission maxima in the blue region in the solid state and emission bands are red‐shifted compared to those of the free ligands.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Lithium, Sodium, and ­Potassium Derivatives of 2‐(Methylthio)aniline and 2‐(Phenylthio)aniline
Authors: Liebing Phil , Merzweiler Kurt
Published: July 2015

2‐(Methylthio)aniline (H2L1) and 2‐(phenylthio)aniline (H2L2) were treated with n‐butyllithium to yield the corresponding anilides [LiHL1] and [LiHL2]. Recrystallization from diethyl ether and THF afforded the solvates [LiHL1(Et2O)] and [LiHL2(THF)2]. The X‐ray crystal structure determination revealed dimeric molecules which exhibit a centrosymmetric Li2N2 ring. In the case of [LiHL1(Et2O)] the SMe group is involved in Li coordination and in the case of [LiHL2(THF)2] the SPh group is part of an intramolecular N–H···S hydrogen bridge. The sodium anilides [NaHL1(DME)] and [NaHL2(DME)] were obtained from the reaction of H2L1 and H2L2 with sodium amide in DME as solvent. Like in the case of the lithium amides the sodium derivatives [NaHL1(DME)] and [NaHL2(DME)] display centrosymmetric Na2N2 cores. The coordination sphere of the sodium atoms is completed by DME molecules, which act as chelating ligands. In the case of [NaHL1(DME)] the DME molecules enable additionally a linkage of the dimeric subunits to give a chain structure. The potassium derivatives [KNHL1] and [KNHL2(DME)] were obtained from H2L1 and H2L2 and potassium hydride in DME as solvent. [KNHL1] displays a distinct structure based on [(KNHL1)2] dimers, which are linked by additional [KNHL1] units to give a 3D coordination polymer with {4.8.16(3)} topology. [KNHL2(DME)] forms dimers linked by bridging DME molecules to give a chain‐like coordination polymer.
A new voluntary blood collection method for the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) and Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus)
Authors: Otaki Yusuke , Kido Nobuhide , Omiya Tomoko , Ono Kaori , Ueda Miya , Azumano Akinori , Tanaka Sohei
Published: July 2015

Various training methods have been developed for animal husbandry and health care in zoos and one of these trainings is blood collection. One training method, recently widely used for blood collection in Ursidae, requires setting up a sleeve outside the cage and gives access to limited blood collection sites. A new voluntary blood collection method without a sleeve was applied to the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) and Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) with access to various veins at the same time. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of this new method and suggests improvements. Two Andean and two Asiatic black bears in Yokohama and Nogeyama Zoological Gardens, respectively, were trained to hold a bamboo pipe outside their cages. We could, thereby, simultaneously access superficial dorsal veins, the dorsal venous network of the hand, the cephalic vein from the carpal joint, and an area approximately 10 cm proximal to the carpal joint. This allowed us to evaluate which vein was most suitable for blood collection. We found that the cephalic vein, approximately 10 cm proximal to the carpal joint, was the most suitable for blood collection. This new method requires little or no modification of zoo facilities and provides a useful alternative method for blood collection. It could be adapted for use in other clinical examinations such as ultrasound examination. Zoo Biol. 34:497–500, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Medical costs of Alzheimer's disease misdiagnosis among US Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Hunter Craig A. , Kirson Noam Y. , Desai Urvi , Cummings Alice Kate G. , Faries Douglas E. , Birnbaum Howard G.
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Recent developments in diagnostic technology can support earlier, more accurate diagnosis of non‐Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementias.

Methods

To evaluate potential economic benefits of early rule‐out of AD, annual medical resource use and costs for Medicare beneficiaries potentially misdiagnosed with AD prior to their diagnosis of vascular dementia (VD) or Parkinson's disease (PD) were compared with that of similar patients never diagnosed with AD.

Results

Patients with prior AD diagnosis used substantially more medical services every year until their VD/PD diagnosis, resulting in incremental annual medical costs of approximately $9,500‐$14,000. However, following their corrected diagnosis, medical costs converged with those of patients never diagnosed with AD.

Discussion

The observed correlation between timing of correct diagnosis and subsequent reversal in excess costs is strongly suggestive of the role of misdiagnosis of AD ‐ rather than AD comorbidity ‐ in this patient population. Our findings suggest potential benefits from earlier, accurate diagnosis.
Existence of periodic points near an isolated fixed point with Lefschetz index one and zero rotation for area preserving surface homeomorphisms
Authors: YAN JINGZHI
Published: July 2015

Let $f$ be an orientation and area preserving diffeomorphism of an oriented surface $M$ with an isolated degenerate fixed point $z_{0}$ with Lefschetz index one. Le Roux conjectured that $z_{0}$ is accumulated by periodic orbits. In this paper, we will approach Le Roux’s conjecture by proving that if $f$ is isotopic to the identity by an isotopy fixing $z_{0}$ and if the area of $M$ is finite, then $z_{0}$ is accumulated not only by periodic points, but also by periodic orbits in the measure sense. More precisely, the Dirac measure at $z_{0}$ is the limit in the weak-star topology of a sequence of invariant probability measures supported on periodic orbits. Our proof is purely topological. It works for homeomorphisms and is related to the notion of local rotation set.
On interpreting Patterson–Sullivan measures of geometrically finite groups as Hausdorff and packing measures
Authors: SIMMONS DAVID
Published: July 2015

We provide a new proof of a theorem whose proof was sketched by Sullivan [Disjoint spheres, approximation by imaginary quadratic numbers, and the logarithm law for geodesics.Acta Math.149(3–4) (1982), 215–237], namely that if the Poincaré exponent of a geometrically finite Kleinian group$G$is strictly between its minimal and maximal cusp ranks, then the Patterson–Sullivan measure of$G$is not proportional to the Hausdorff or packing measure of any gauge function. This disproves a conjecture of Stratmann [Multiple fractal aspects of conformal measures; a survey.Workshop on Fractals and Dynamics (Mathematica Gottingensis, 5). Eds. M. Denker, S.-M. Heinemann and B. Stratmann. Springer, Berlin, 1997, pp. 65–71; Fractal geometry on hyperbolic manifolds.Non-Euclidean Geometries (Mathematical Applications (N.Y.), 581). Springer, New York, 2006, pp. 227–247].
Conjugation between circle maps with several break points
Authors: ADOUANI ABDELHAMID
Published: July 2015

Let$f$and$g$be two class$P$-homeomorphisms of the circle$S^{1}$with break point singularities, which are differentiable maps except at some singular points where the derivative has a jump. Assume that$f$and$g$have irrational rotation numbers and the derivatives$\text{Df}$and$\text{Dg}$are absolutely continuous on every continuity interval of$\text{Df}$and$\text{Dg}$, respectively. We prove that if the product of the$f$-jumps along all break points of$f$is distinct from that of$g$then the homeomorphism$h$conjugating$f$and$g$is a singular function, i.e. it is continuous on$S^{1}$, but$\text{Dh}(x)=0$ almost everywhere with respect to the Lebesgue measure. This result generalizes previous results for one and two break points obtained by Dzhalilov, Akin and Temir, and Akhadkulov, Dzhalilov and Mayer. As a consequence, we get in particular Dzhalilov–Mayer–Safarov’s theorem: if the product of the$f$-jumps along all break points of$f$is distinct from$1$, then the invariant measure$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{f}$is singular with respect to the Lebesgue measure.
JEWISH LAW AND MEDIEVAL LOGIC: WHY EATING HORSE MEAT IS A PUNISHABLE OFFENSE
Authors: Rohrbacher Bernhard
Published: July 2015

This article presents a case study of the influence of Muslim and Christian logicians on medieval Jewish law. The case in question is why it is a punishable offense for Jews to eat mammals that do not have either sign of purity—that is, neither have split hooves nor chew their cud—and the article examines the answers given by three medieval Jewish sages: Rashi, Maimonides, and Naḥmanides. The Written Law of the Torah explicitly allows the consumption of mammals, such as cattle, with both signs of purity. It also explicitly prohibits the eating of mammals, such as camels or pigs, with one sign but not the other. It does not, however, appear to explicitly prohibit the consumption of mammals, such as horses, with neither sign. Using a fortiori logic, Rashi derives a punishable prohibition against eating horses from the prohibition against eating camels and pigs. Maimonides ascribes this prohibition to the Oral Law of the Talmud. Naḥmanides, by contrast, attributes it directly to the Written Law without relying on either a fortiori logic or the Oral Law. This article argues that this solution was available to Naḥmanides because he adopted inclusive disjunction from Christian logicians, but it was not available to Maimonides because he adopted exclusive disjunction from Muslim logicians. The choice between inclusive and exclusive disjunction is shown to continue to be of importance in modern American law.
Two Logics of Indirect Governance: Delegation and Orchestration
Authors: Abbott Kenneth W. , Genschel Philipp , Snidal Duncan , Zangl Bernhard
Published: July 2015

This article introduces the concept of orchestration as the mobilization of an intermediary by an orchestrator on a voluntary basis in pursuit of a joint governance goal. Orchestrator-Intermediary theory then provides a model of indirect governance that supplements delegation models premised on principal-agent theory. Under both theories, governors enhance their governance capacity by drawing on the capabilities of third parties. Whereas delegation is premised on hard ‘contractual’ control over the agent, however, orchestration relies on the soft control of like-minded intermediaries through material and ideational support. The two models overlap, and governors mix them in practice, but distinguishing between them analytically can broaden and deepen analysis of indirect forms of governance. This article discusses the circumstances under which each model provides a better fit for real-world problems, as well as the key limitations of each model. Among other things, orchestration is relatively more likely in democratic than authoritarian systems, when governors have limited direct capacities of their own and when veto players are more numerous. Orchestration is not always more desirable than delegation, but it provides an important alternative in some circumstances. Multiple examples from both domestic and international settings are used to illustrate this claim. The article closes with key considerations regarding the effectiveness and legitimacy of orchestration.
ON THE NUMBER OF RATIONAL POINTS ON PRYM VARIETIES OVER FINITE FIELDS
Authors: AUBRY YVES , HALOUI SAFIA
Published: July 2015

We give upper and lower bounds for the number of rational points on Prym varieties over finite fields. Moreover, we determine the exact maximum and minimum number of rational points on Prym varieties of dimension 2.
NON-COCOMMUTATIVE C*-BIALGEBRA DEFINED AS THE DIRECT SUM OF FREE GROUP C*-ALGEBRAS
Authors: KAWAMURA KATSUNORI
Published: July 2015

Leti ${\Bbb F}$n be the free group of rank n and let $\bigoplus C^{*}({\Bbb F}_{n})$ denote the direct sum of full group C*-algebras $C^{*}({\Bbb F}_{n})$ of ${\Bbb F}_{n} (1\leq n<\infty$). We introduce a new comultiplication Δϕ on $\bigoplus C^{*}({\Bbb F}_{n})$ such that $(\bigoplus C^{*}({\Bbb F}_{n}),\,\Delta_{\varphi})$ is a non-cocommutative C*-bialgebra. With respect to Δϕ, the tensor product π⊗ϕπ′ of any two representations π and π′ of free groups is defined. The operation ×ϕ is associative and non-commutative. We compute its tensor product formulas of several representations.
REMARKS ON -STABLE PROJECTIONLESS C*-ALGEBRAS
Authors: ROBERT LEONEL
Published: July 2015

It is shown that ${\mathcal{Z}}$-stable projectionless C*-algebras have the property that every element is a limit of products of two nilpotents. This is then used to classify the approximate unitary equivalence classes of positive elements in such C*-algebras using traces.
ON IMAGES OF REAL REPRESENTATIONS OF SPECIAL LINEAR GROUPS OVER COMPLETE DISCRETE VALUATION RINGS
Authors: FERNÓS TALIA , SINGLA POOJA
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we investigate the abstract homomorphisms of the special linear group SLn($\mathfrak{O}$) over complete discrete valuation rings with finite residue field into the general linear group GLm($\mathbb{R}$) over the field of real numbers. We show that for m < 2n, every such homomorphism factors through a finite index subgroup of SLn($\mathfrak{O}$). For $\mathfrak{O}$ with positive characteristic, this result holds for all m ∈ ${\mathbb N}$.
TILTED ALGEBRAS AND CROSSED PRODUCTS
Authors: LIN YANAN , ZHOU ZHENQIANG
Published: July 2015

We consider an artin algebra A and its crossed product algebra Aα#σG, where G is a finite group with its order invertible in A. Then, we prove that A is a tilted algebra if and only if so is Aα#σG.
ON VECTOR-VALUED TENT SPACES AND HARDY SPACES ASSOCIATED WITH NON-NEGATIVE SELF-ADJOINT OPERATORS
Authors: KEMPPAINEN MIKKO
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we study Hardy spaces associated with non-negative self-adjoint operators and develop their vector-valued theory. The complex interpolation scales of vector-valued tent spaces and Hardy spaces are extended to the endpoint p=1. The holomorphic functional calculus of L is also shown to be bounded on the associated Hardy space H1L(X). These results, along with the atomic decomposition for the aforementioned space, rely on boundedness of certain integral operators on the tent space T1(X).
The Short Career of the Indian Labour Corps in France, 1917–1919
Authors: Singha Radhika
Published: July 2015

This essay adds the story of the Indian Labour Corps (ILC) to the narratives of the various “coloured” units brought in to France to deal with the manpower crisis that had overtaken that theater of the First World War in 1916. The label “coloured” or “native labour” justified inferior care and a harsher work and disciplinary regime than that experienced by white labor. However, official reports and newspaper coverage also expose a dense play of ethnographic comparison between the different colored corps. The notion was that to “work” natives properly, the managerial regimes peculiar to them also had to be imported into the metropolis. The register of comparison was also shaped by specific political and social agendas which gave some colored units more room than others to negotiate acknowledgement of their services. One dimension of the war experience for Indian laborers was their engagement with institutional and ethnic categorizations. The other dimension was the process of being made over into military property and the workers own efforts to reframe the environments, object worlds, and orders of time within which they were positioned. By creating suggestive equivalences between themselves and other military personnel, they sought to lift themselves from the status of coolies to that of participants in a common project of war service. At the same time, they indicated that they had not put their persons at the disposal of the state in exactly the same way as thesepoy.
Starving for Justice: Bangladeshi Garment Workers in a ‘Post-Rana Plaza’ World
Authors: Siddiqi Dina M
Published: July 2015

On the afternoon of August 2, 2014, I walked into Hossain Market, one of the many nondescript multistoried buildings lining the commercial thoroughfare in Uttor Badda, Dhaka. I had gone to show solidarity with hunger-striking garment workers of the Toba Group, three of whose units were housed in the building. Since July 28, several hundred workers had occupied the upper floors, demanding payment of three months back wages, overtime, and a festival bonus. The market entrance looked deserted, not exactly the hotbed of industrial action I'd expected. “Is this where the strike is?” I asked no one in particular. A couple of young women immediately escorted me up several flights of stairs – past the inevitable collapsible gates and oversized padlocks adorning each floor. On the seventh floor landing, young student volunteers were buzzing around a media and communications desk they had set up. Inside, I found half a dozen workers sprawled across cutting tables and makeshift beds, being administered saline by a medical team provided by a well-known health rights NGO. Hundreds of others, mostly women but also some men, milled across the room. Before I could speak to the workers, Shahidul Islam Shabuj, a labor organizer and sometime acquaintance, spied me from a distance and whisked me away to the top floor for an audience with Moshrefa Mishu, president of the Garment Workers Unity Forum and the prime mover behind the “fast unto death.” For Shabuj, my presence was fortuitous—an opportunity to get the workers’ formal message out.
Modelling insurgent attack dynamics across geographic scales and in cyberspace
Authors: JOHNSON N. F. , JOHNSON D. E. , RESTREPO E. M.
Published: July 2015

We discuss the emergence of common mathematical patterns governing the timing and severity of insurgent and terrorist attacks, across geographic scales and including cyberspace. We present mathematical models that provide a generative explanation of these patterns. Despite wide variations in the underlying settings and circumstances, the ubiquity of these patterns suggests there is a common way in which groups of humans fight each other. Our empirical findings follow from the analysis of myriad state-of-the-art datasets with resolution at the level of individual attacks, while our mathematical modelling involves numerical and analytical solutions of fission–fusion dynamics together with progress curve analysis.
Cloning and Characterization of ifitm1 and ifitm3 Expression During Early Zebrafish Development - CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Xue Wei-Wei , Wang Huan-Nan , Wang Zhi-Meng , Qiu Meng-Xi , Che Jing , Deng Feng-Jiao , Liu Jiang-Dong
Published: July 2015

The authors apologise for errors in the corresponding authors details given on page 1 of the article. Below is the correct information of the corresponding author and email address :

1) Wei-Wei Xue, Huan-Nan Wang, Zhi-Meng Wang, Meng-Xi Qiu, Jing Che, Feng-Jiao Deng* and Jiang-Dong Liu*

2) *All correspondence to: Feng-Jiao Deng and Jiang-Dong Liu. e-mail: fish4@whu.edu.cn

3) All authors are from the same one laboratory. The second laboratory was superfluous and should be deleted.
ASYMPTOTIC TORSION AND TOEPLITZ OPERATORS
Authors: Bismut Jean-Michel , Ma Xiaonan , Zhang Weiping
Published: July 2015

We use Toeplitz operators to evaluate the leading term in the asymptotics of the analytic torsion forms associated with a family of flat vector bundles$F_{p}$. For$p\in \mathbf{N}$, the flat vector bundle$F_{p}$is the direct image of$L^{p}$, where$L$is a holomorphic positive line bundle on the fibres of a flat fibration by compact Kähler manifolds. The leading term of the analytic torsion forms is the integral along the fibre of a locally defined differential form.
Underwater Robot Tracked Ocean Sediment During Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Shultz David
Published: July 2015

Hurricane Sandy moved a lot of debris, but where did it all end up?
Network analysis of immunotherapy-induced regressing tumours identifies novel synergistic drug combinations
Authors: Lesterhuis W. Joost , Rinaldi Catherine , Jones Anya , Rozali Esdy N. , Dick Ian M. , Khong Andrea , Boon Louis , Robinson Bruce W. , Nowak Anna K. , Bosco Anthony , Lake Richard A.
Published: July 2015

Cancer immunotherapy has shown impressive results, but most patients do not respond. We hypothesized that the effector response in the tumour could be visualized as a complex network of interacting gene products and that by mapping this network we could predict effective pharmacological interventions. Here, we provide proof of concept for the validity of this approach in a murine mesothelioma model, which displays a dichotomous response to anti-CTLA4 immune checkpoint blockade. Network analysis of gene expression profiling data from responding versus non-responding tumours was employed to identify modules associated with response. Targeting the modules via selective modulation of hub genes or alternatively by using repurposed pharmaceuticals selected on the basis of their expression perturbation signatures dramatically enhanced the efficacy of CTLA4 blockade in this model. Our approach provides a powerful platform to repurpose drugs and define contextually relevant novel therapeutic targets.
Efficient Direct Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Silicon Substrate
Authors: Chan Lee Su , Some Surajit , Wook Kim Sung , Jun Kim Sun , Seo Jungmok , Lee Jooho , Lee Taeyoon , Ahn Jong-Hyun , Choi Heon-Jin , Chan Jun Seong
Published: July 2015

Graphene has been studied for various applications due to its excellent properties. Graphene film fabrication from solutions of graphene oxide (GO) have attracted considerable attention because these procedures are suitable for mass production. GO, however, is an insulator and therefore a reduction process is required to make the GO film conductive. These reduction procedures require chemical reducing agents or high temperature annealing. Herein, we report a novel direct and simple reduction procedure of GO by silicon, which is the most widely used material in the electronics industry. In this study, we also used silicon nanosheets (SiNSs) as reducing agents for GO. The reducing effect of silicon was confirmed by various characterization methods. Furthermore, the silicon wafer was also used as a reducing template to create a reduced GO (rGO) film on a silicon substrate. By this process, a pure rGO film can be formed without the impurities that normally come from chemical reducing agents. This is an easy and environmentally friendly method to prepare large scale graphene films on Si substrates.
Cytosolic pressure provides a propulsive force comparable to actin polymerization during lamellipod protrusion
Authors: Manoussaki Daphne , Shin William D. , Waterman Clare M. , Chadwick Richard S.
Published: July 2015

Does cytosolic pressure facilitate f-actin polymerization to push the leading edge of a cell forward during self-propelled motion? AFM force-distance (f-d) curves obtained from lamellipodia of live cells often exhibit a signal from which the tension, bending modulus, elastic modulus and thickness in the membrane-cortex complex can be estimated close to the contact point. These measurements permit an estimate of the cytosolic pressure via the canonical Laplace force balance. The deeper portion of the f-d curve allows estimation of the bulk modulus of the cytoskeleton after removal of the bottom effect artifact. These estimates of tension, pressure, cortex thickness and elastic moduli imply that cytosolic pressure both pushes the membrane forward and compresses the actin cortex rearward to facilitate f-actin polymerization. We also estimate that cytosolic pressure fluctuations, most likely induced by myosin, provide a propulsive force comparable to that provided by f-actin polymerization in a lamellipod.
A stable bidentate protein binder achieved via DNA self-assembly driven ligand migration
Authors: Su Xiaoye , Zhou Xiao , Zhang Nan , Zhu Mengyuan , Zhang Hong , Jayawickramarajah Janarthanan
Published: July 2015

DNA-templated ligand migration, involving the transfer of a binding head-group, leads to the conversion of a low-affinity human serum albumin binder (1) to a high affinity bidentate binder (2). Further, the activated binder remains effective despite denaturation (3) and degradation (4).
Insight into the formation of magnetite mesocrystals from ferrous precursors in ethylene glycol
Authors: Wan Jiaqi , Tang Jing , Zhang Chongyu , Yuan Ruiting , Chen Kezheng
Published: July 2015

Uniform magnetite mesocrystals were fabricated by solvothermal treatment of ferrous chloride in ethylene glycol in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This reaction offers an excellent model system to understand the mesocrystal formation mechanism in a non-aqueous system.
Pyromellitic dithioimides: thionation improves air-stability and electron mobility of N-type organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Yang Te-Fang , Huang Sheng-Han , Chiu Yi-Pang , Chen Bo-Hsiang , Shih Yu-Wei , Chang Yu-Chang , Yao Jie-Yi , Lee Yao-Jen , Kuo Ming-Yu
Published: July 2015

Thionation of diimide compounds not only stabilizes the LUMO level but also enhances the electron mobility and air-stability.
An amino acid ionic liquid-based tough ion gel membrane for CO2 capture
Authors: Moghadam Farhad , Kamio Eiji , Yoshizumi Ayumi , Matsuyama Hideto
Published: July 2015

A tough and thin double-network gel membrane containing amino acid ionic liquids as a CO2 carrier exhibited superior CO2 permeability and stability under pressurized conditions.
Conformation driven in situ interlock: from discrete metallocycles to infinite polycatenanes
Authors: Xue Hui , Jiang Feilong , Chen Qihui , Yuan Daqiang , Pang Jiandong , Lv Guangxun , Wan Xiuyan , Liang Linfeng , Hong Maochun
Published: July 2015

Are these three metallocycles, [Hg2L2Cl4], [Ag2L2(CF3SO3)2] and [Zn2L2Cl4], have the desired conformations as we expected? Which metallocycle inclines to interlock each other to form catenane?
Selective and broad spectrum amphiphilic small molecules to combat bacterial resistance and eradicate biofilms
Authors: Hoque Jiaul , Konai Mohini M. , Samaddar Sandip , Gonuguntala Spandhana , Manjunath Goutham B. , Ghosh Chandradhish , Haldar Jayanta
Published: July 2015

Membrane-active amphiphilic small molecules selectively kill bacteria over mammalian cells, disperse preformed biofilms and reduce bacterial resistance development.
Ag+-induced reverse vesicle to helical fiber transformation in a self-assembly by adjusting the keto–enol equilibrium of a chiral salicylideneaniline
Authors: Datta Sougata , Bhattacharya Santanu
Published: July 2015

A chiral salicylideneaniline shows Ag+-induced reverse vesicle-to-helical nanofiber transformation accompanied by sol-to-gel transition at room temperature.
Carbazole-functionalized polyphenylene-decorated solid state emissive D–A–D molecules: reduced donor–acceptor interaction and enhanced emission in the solid state
Authors: Singh Gopal , Bhalla Vandana , Kumar Manoj
Published: July 2015

Reducing intermolecular donor–acceptor interactions through steric effects can prevent ACQ and lead to enhanced emission in the solid state.
Removal of multi-substituted nitroaromatic pollutants by zero valent iron: a comparison of performance, kinetics, toxicity and mechanisms
Authors: Ou Changjin , Zhang Shuai , Liu Jianguo , Shen Jinyou , Liu Yan , Sun Xiuyun , Li Jiansheng , Wang Lianjun
Published: July 2015

Reductive degradation of three typical multi-substituted nitroaromatic pollutants by zero valent iron was comprehensively compared in terms of performance, kinetics, toxicity and mechanisms in this study.
Low temperature pollutant trapping and dissociation over two-dimensional tin
Authors: Takahashi Lauren , Takahashi Keisuke
Published: July 2015

Newly discovered two-dimensional tin, named stanene, has been theoretically predicted and is able to trap and dissociate common air pollutants at low temperature.
Putting corannulene in its place. Reactivity studies comparing corannulene with other aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: George Stephen R. D. , Frith Thomas D. H. , Thomas Donald S. , Harper Jason B.
Published: July 2015

Reactivity studies have been used to order a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, demonstrating that the curved species corannulene has comparable reactivity to triphenylene.
Palladium-catalyzed arylation of 2H-chromene: a new entry to pyrano[2,3-c]carbazoles
Authors: Ranjith Reddy K. , Siva Reddy A. , Dhaked Devendra K. , Rasheed S. K. , Pathania Anup Singh , Shankar Ravi , Malik Fayaz , Das Parthasarathi
Published: July 2015

Various pyrano[2,3-c]carbazoles are synthesized in high yields over five steps from commercially available resorcinol. Palladium-catalyzed arylation remains a key step in this novel strategy. The versatility of this protocol has been demonstrated by the first total synthesis of naturally occurring carbazole clauraila C.
Emerging investigators
Authors: Haddleton David
Published: July 2015

This themed issue of Polymer Chemistry highlights the work of emerging investigators in the polymer chemistry field. Editor in Chief David Haddleton introduces the issue.
A simply prepared flexible SiBOC ultrafine fiber mat with enhanced high-temperature stability and chemical resistance
Authors: Xie Song , Wang Yingde , Lei Yongpeng , Wang Bing , Wu Nan , Gou Yanzi , Fang Dong
Published: July 2015

A simply prepared flexible SiBOC ultrafine fiber mat with high-temperature stability and chemical resistance. I: A typical SiBOC material composed of Si, B, O and C. II: A comparison of SiBOC fibers and SiOC fibers treated under different conditions.
A facile and general synthesis strategy to doped TiO2 nanoaggregates with a mesoporous structure and comparable property
Authors: Cheng Gang , Xu Feifan , Stadler Florian J. , Chen Rong
Published: July 2015

A facile and general route was explored to fabricate porous metal-doped TiO2 nanoaggregates from a titanium glycolate precursor and metal salts, and doping with Co or Ni is an effective approach to improve the photocatalytic efficiency.
Phosphine and carbene azido-cations: [(L)N3]+and [(L)2N3]+
Authors: Winkelhaus Daniel , Holthausen Michael H. , Dobrovetsky Roman , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: July 2015

The cationic N3-species [(p-HC6F4)3PN3]+(1) featuring a perfluoro-arene phosphonium group serves as a N3+-source in stoichiometric reactions with several Lewis bases (L) allowing for the stepwise formation of [(L)N3]+and [(L)2N3]+cations (L = phosphine, carbene) with liberation of (p-HC6F4)3P.
Sn-stabilized Li-rich layered Li(Li0.17Ni0.25Mn0.58)O2 oxide as a cathode for advanced lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Qiao Qi-Qi , Qin Lei , Li Guo-Ran , Wang Yong-Long , Gao Xue-Ping
Published: July 2015

Sn-substituted Li-rich layered Li(Li0.17Ni0.25Mn0.58)O2 oxide presents stable cycle performance due to the favorable stabilization of the host lattice by the large Sn cation in Li-rich layered oxides.
Email: From Hero to Zero – the Beginning of the End?
Authors: Silic Mario , Back Andrea , Silic Dario
Published: July 2015

In 2011, the CEO of Atos, Thierry Breton, announced an unprecedented move for the company. The global information services giant would become a ‘zero’ email company with the objective of eradicating internal email use and replacing it with blueKiwi – enterprise social network software. This case serves to teach the challenges and key lessons behind the social collaboration transformation in a large organization where 76,000 employees switched to a new mode of collaboration. The approach of how to become a zero email company is detailed, highlighting the importance of the first-order and second-order change. The case helps to understand what it takes to shift organizational culture and employee mindset, as well as what challenges and barriers need to be overcome to make such an important step on a large organizational scale.
Transformational change in healthcare: an examination of four case studies
Authors: Charlesworth Kate , Jamieson Maggie , Davey Rachel , Butler Colin D.
Published: July 2015

Objectives
Healthcare leaders around the world are calling for radical, transformational change of our health and care systems. This will be a difficult and complex task. In this article, we examine case studies in which transformational change has been achieved, and seek to learn from these experiences.

Methods
We used the case study method to investigate examples of transformational change in healthcare. The case studies were identified from preliminary doctoral research into the transition towards future sustainable health and social care systems. Evidence was collected from multiple sources, key features of each case study were displayed in a matrix and thematic analysis was conducted. The results are presented in narrative form.

Results
Four case studies were selected: two from the US, one from Australia and one from the UK. The notable features are discussed for each case study. There were many common factors: a well communicated vision, innovative redesign, extensive consultation and engagement with staff and patients, performance management, automated information management and high-quality leadership.

Conclusions
Although there were some notable differences between the case studies, overall the characteristics of success were similar and collectively provide a blueprint for transformational change in healthcare.

What is known about the topic?
Healthcare leaders around the world are calling for radical redesign of our systems in order to meet the challenges of modern society.

What does this paper add?
There are some remarkable examples of transformational change in healthcare. The key factors in success are similar across the case studies.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Collectively, these key factors can guide future attempts at transformational change in healthcare.
Photophysical Properties of Rare Earth Diclofenac Complexes in the Solid State
Authors: Kaup Gina , Lezhnina Marina M. , Meiners Denise , Junk Peter C. , Kynast Ulrich H.
Published: July 2015

We elaborate on the use of the comparably complex, but widely used and readily accessible pharmaceutical diclofenac, the molecular structure of which contains aromatic units with chloro-, amine-, and carboxylate substituents, all of which were deemed to be useful in the formation of efficiently luminescing rare earth complexes. However, efficient luminophores with quantum yields of 48 % in the case of Tb3+ could only be obtained by the additional employment of chelating N-donors (1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine), while analogous Eu3+ complexes remained inefficient with quantum yields below 13 %. They nevertheless exhibited luminescence decay times of up to 1668 µs – unusual for such low efficiencies, which suggest an intermediate involvement of the diclofenac triplet state. Finally, the new complexes were also tested for their applicability as an analytical tool for the trace analysis of diclofenac, which has in the past proved to be an environmental hazard. To this end, a determination limit of 1.2 µg L–1 could be accomplished, which is thought to be the limit to which it may be harmful to the continental fauna.
Algal composition and biomass in the tropical soda lake Chitu with focus on seasonal variability of Arthrospira fusiformis (Cyanophyta)
Authors: Ogato Tadesse , Kifle Demeke , Lemma Brook
Published: July 2015

The vital ecological functions of the East African soda lakes are much dependent on Arthrospira, which forms a natural nearly monoalgal populations and serves as the main diet for the huge flocks of flamingos in the present study lake Chitu (Ethiopia). This study investigated algal taxonomic composition and biomass, and the seasonal variability in the abundance of Arthrospira fusiformis in response to some environmental drivers (e.g. rainfall, salinity and nutrients) using samples collected over an annual cycle. The algal community was composed of a few taxa (15 species), with exclusive dominance of A. fusiformis. Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and dry weight, and abundance of A. fusiformis were notably high and exhibited seasonal variations, with significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of Chl-a and dry weight during the rainy season. The observed strong correlations of algal abundance and biomass with rainfall (positively) and alkalinity-salinity (negatively), probably suggest that hydrological control of the salinity is the major driving force for the seasonal variability of A. fusiformis in the lake. Further hydrological modifications that enhance salinisation may greatly affect A. fusiformis thereby causing instability of the flamingos with eventual impairment of the ecosystem values of the lake.