bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practice patterns about the role of palliation in veterinary surgical oncology
Authors: Di Virgilio Fabrizio , Belluzzi Elena , Santos Marisa , Caraty Johan , Bongartz Alexandre , Deneuche Aymeric
Published: July 2021

Whether surgical palliative therapy is appropriate for oncologic veterinary patients is an increasing concern as pet age increases because of improved care. In this study, an online survey (available for 30 days), comprising 100 questions with structured response options, was administered to 492 diplomates of the European College of Veterinary Surgeons (ECVS). The survey queried the technical, ethical, social, medical, and financial aspects of surgical palliative therapy for oncologic veterinary patients. Responses were received from 155 ECVS diplomates (31.5%, n = 155/492). Palliative surgery was a relatively common intervention in veterinary oncology, with 50% of respondents (n = 77.5/155) indicating that 75%–100% of oncological surgeries performed were palliative. The presence of metastasis was judged as a key determinant when deciding to perform palliative oncological surgery by 41% of the respondents (n = 63.5/155). The survey revealed that the most commonly performed procedures in palliative oncological surgery were marginal resection, debulking, and amputation. In contrast to human medicine, palliative limb‐sparing surgery, stent placement, and embolization were rarely used in veterinary settings, mainly because of a general lack of expertise among veterinarians, elevated costs, and recourse to euthanasia. Taken together, the survey results highlight the need for appropriate guidelines in the field of oncological surgery. To establish general guidelines and direct veterinarians towards the most appropriate judgement, understanding how and what veterinary surgeons manage palliative oncological surgery and how they perceive the main ethical, social, medical, and financial concerns are essential. Such guidelines will lead to better care for ailing animals and will facilitate the path to healing for owners.
Refeeding syndrome in a miniature donkey
Authors: Bookbinder Lauren , Schott Harold C
Published: July 2021

Objective

To describe refeeding syndrome in an equid without a history of recognized risk factors.

Case summary

Refeeding syndrome with marked hypophosphatemia developed in an aged miniature donkey gelding during treatment of suspected enterocolitis. Hypophosphatemia (manifested clinically as ileus and neuromuscular weakness) developed despite a short (3 day) history of hyporexia, increased body condition (7/9), and adherence to nutritional recommendations for critically ill equids. Nutritional support included nasogastric enteral feeding with a commercial equine nutrition product claiming to provide 100% of the National Research Council's daily recommended protein, vitamin, and mineral requirements for equids. Hypophosphatemia developed despite this enteral supplementation and was ultimately corrected by intravenous administration of sodium phosphate solution.

New or unique information provided

This case report suggests that risk factors for refeeding syndrome in equids may be broader than previously recognized. Specifically, critically ill equids at risk for insulin dysregulation may have unique nutritional co‐morbidities and requirements. This report highlights the need for both broader recognition of risk factors for refeeding syndrome, and revised best‐practice nutritional guidelines and supplementation products to improve equine critical care.
Sufi Symbols In Poems Of Ibn ᶜArabi And Hamzah Fansuri
Authors: Parman Mazlina , Marni Nurazmallail
Published: July 2021

As a way of communication, poetry is used by the Sufis to portray their knowledge and experiences in searching for God. However, the use of words in describing immaterial experiences spurs misconceptions among readers. Nevertheless, signs such as symbols are still being used in Sufi’s poetry. It plays a key role in expressing mystical thoughts, myriad of emotions, and even uplifting our mundane spirits.  This article explores the meaning of symbols in Ibn ᶜArabi’s and Hamzah Fansuri’s poems. Both were known as prominent and controversially Sufi’s figures in two different regions, the Arab World and the Malay Archipelago. In studying it, a semiotic approach is used whilst a comparative approach is carried out to differentiate the existence of influence between the two figures as the latter is influenced theologically with the first. The finding shows that there is a likeness in the use of symbols and meaning connotations brought about by Ibn ᶜArabi and Hamzah Fansuri which proves the existence of influence between them, but variations are exhibited in the designation of the symbols which adhering to the different milieu, culture, and geographical places. Therefore, this study significantly indicating the authentication of Sufi poets in using symbols that portray the nation's culture and background. It also emphasizes the importance of interconnection between different cultures of Islam.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants who have experienced procedural pain in the neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review protocol
Authors: De Clifford-Faugère Gwenaëlle , Lavallée Andréane , Rioux Émilie , Laporte Geneviève , Aita Marilyn
Published: July 2021

Objective:

This systematic review will assess the association between painful procedures performed on preterm infants while hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit and short-, mid-, and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Introduction:

Preterm infants hospitalized in the neonatal unit undergo many painful procedures. The repetition of these painful procedures in a preterm infant with an immature nervous system can have consequences for their neurodevelopment.

Inclusion criteria:

Prospective and retrospective observational study designs will be included in this review. Studies of preterm infants (less than 37 weeks of gestation) hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit who have undergone painful procedures, with or without skin breaking, will be considered for inclusion in this review. Our main variable will be neurodevelopment, measured in the short, medium, and long term.

Methods:

A comprehensive database search will be undertaken in CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We will limit the search to articles published in English or French. Study selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal will be conducted by two independent reviewers. If possible, meta-analysis will be performed; otherwise the results will be presented by descriptive synthesis.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42020189762
First‐recruited motor units adopt a faster phenotype in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Weddell Thomas , Bashford James , Wickham Aidan , Iniesta Raquel , Chen Maoqi , Zhou Ping , Drakakis Emmanuel , Boutelle Martyn , Mills Kerry , Shaw Chris
Published: July 2021

Key points

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons, carrying a short survival.

High‐density motor unit recordings permit analysis of motor unit size (amplitude) and firing behaviour (afterhyperpolarization duration and muscle fibre conduction velocity).

Serial recordings from biceps brachii indicated that motor units fired faster and with greater amplitude as disease progressed.

First‐recruited motor units in the latter stages of ALS developed characteristics akin to fast‐twitch motor units, possibly as a compensatory mechanism for the selective loss of this motor unit subset.

This process may become maladaptive, highlighting a novel therapeutic target to reduce motor unit vulnerability.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a median survival of 3 years. We employed serial high‐density surface electromyography (HDSEMG) to characterize voluntary and ectopic patterns of motor unit (MU) firing at different stages of disease. By distinguishing MU subtypes with variable vulnerability to disease, we aimed to evaluate compensatory neuronal adaptations that accompany disease progression. Twenty patients with ALS and five patients with benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS) underwent 1–7 assessments each. HDSEMG measurements comprised 30 min of resting muscle and 1 min of light voluntary activity from biceps brachii bilaterally. MU decomposition was performed by the progressive FastICA peel‐off technique. Inter‐spike interval, firing pattern, MU potential area, afterhyperpolarization duration and muscle fibre conduction velocity were determined. In total, 373 MUs (ALS = 287; BFS = 86) were identified from 182 recordings. Weak ALS muscles demonstrated a lower mean inter‐spike interval (82.7 ms) than strong ALS muscles (96.0 ms; P = 0.00919) and BFS muscles (95.3 ms; P = 0.0039). Mean MU potential area (area under the curve: 487.5 vs. 98.7 μV ms; P < 0.0001) and muscle fibre conduction velocity (6.2 vs. 5.1 m/s; P = 0.0292) were greater in weak ALS muscles than in BFS muscles. Purely fasciculating MUs had a greater mean MU potential area than MUs also under voluntary command (area under the curve: 679.6 vs. 232.4 μV ms; P = 0.00144). These results suggest that first‐recruited MUs develop a faster phenotype in the latter stages of ALS, likely driven by the preferential loss of vulnerable fast‐twitch MUs. Inhibition of this potentially maladaptive phenotypic drift may protect the longevity of the MU pool, stimulating a novel therapeutic avenue.
Sex‐dependent development of enhanced sympathoexcitation in sedentary versus physically active rats
Authors: Matus Lyndsey N. , Flessland Olivia D. , Mueller Patrick J.
Published: July 2021

Key points

The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) may contribute to sex‐based differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system observed in sedentary male rats; however, the added influence of the reproductive cycle in females is currently unknown.

To our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate greater increases in sympathetic nerve activity in response to direct activation of the RVLM in female versus male rats prior to the onset of the reproductive cycle, which persisted after the onset of the reproductive cycle.

Lower resting blood pressures in females also suggest peripheral adaptations contribute to sex‐based differences in CVD.

Sedentary versus physically active conditions appear to promote higher resting sympathetic outflow independent of age and sex.

Our results demonstrate the importance of examining sedentary conditions in the context of sex differences and the reproductive cycle in contributing to sympathetic overactivity associated with cardiovascular disease.

Female reproductive hormones are considered cardioprotective based on higher risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in post‐ versus pre‐menopausal women. Similarly, based on epidemiological studies, a sedentary lifestyle is also a major risk factor for CVD. The mechanisms by which sedentary conditions contribute to CVD, and their influences in the presence and absence of female reproductive hormones are unknown. We hypothesized that sexually immature male and female rats would have similar centrally mediated regulation of blood pressure, but upon sexual maturation, female rats would have lower resting blood pressure and centrally‐mediated sympathoexcitation compared to age‐matched males. We also predicted resting sympathetic activity would increase upon exposure to sedentary versus active conditions (voluntary wheel running) in males but not in females. We recorded splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) and blood pressure in 4‐, 8‐ and 16‐week‐old male and female rats under Inactin anaesthesia before and during microinjections of glutamate (1–100 mM) into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Four‐week‐old female rats had lower resting blood pressure and greater sympathoexcitation following activation of the RVLM, as did 8‐ and 16‐week‐old female rats, independent of age or activity condition. Sedentary animals had higher baseline SSNA compared to active animals, independent of sex or age. Our results reveal a complex influence of the interactions between the female reproductive cycle and sedentary conditions. They also demonstrate the importance of examining sedentary conditions in the context of sex‐ and female reproductive cycle‐dependent incidences of cardiovascular disease.
Effects of the Airfoil Section, Chord and Twist Angle Distributions on the Starting Torque of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: Ismail Kamal A. R. , Canale Thiago , Lino Fatima A. M.
Published: July 2021

Small wind turbines usually suffer from poor efficincy, low power, and lack of public incentives. This study is focused on investigating the effects of the geometry of the airfoil sections and blades on the starting torque and minimum wind speed for energy generation. The blade element momentum theory is used to develop a numerical code where the airfoil S832 is used as a reference for comparison and validation. The investigated parameters include three airfoil sections, Joukowski J9.513, Gottingen GO447, and S832, linear and elliptic chord distributions, linear twist angle distribution, and multiple airfoil sections along the blade. The results show that large local solidity ratio at the intermediate region of elliptic chord distribution produces significant reduction in the local generated torque of about 5–21% and that the linear chord distribution along the blade length increases the torque by about 27–77% and thus permits lower starting wind speeds. For rotors with high solidity ratio as in the case of elliptic chord distribution, the distribution of twist angle for constant angle of attack reduces the generated torque by about 13–19%. The J9.513 airfoil-based rotor shows 20–35% more start torque than the S832 and GO447 airfoils-based rotors. The linear chord distribution shows better results for all the three airfoils-based rotors. The linear twist angle distribution increases significantly the start torque of the rotors with the proposed airfoils sections. The three airfoils S832, GO447, and J9.513 with linear twist angle distribution are viable options for small wind turbines. The J9.513 with linear chord and linear twist angle distribution shows the lowest wind speed for electricity generation. The use of multiple airfoils on the blade length shows marginal improvement of the starting torque.
Analysis of Condensation Flow Pattern and Heat Transfer of a Cryogenic Loop Heat Pipe With Different Heating Powers
Authors: Yan Kaifen , Li Nanxi , Wu Yinong , Xie Rongjian
Published: July 2021

The cryogenic fluids’ flow performance and condensation characteristics with different heating powers in cryogenic loop heat pipes (CLHPs) have not been studied due to the difficulty of measurement at low temperature. In this study, a test system was designed and fabricated to characterize the condensation flow patterns of propylene CLHP and its heat transfer performance with different heating powers. The results show that the two-phase region length and flow pattern in the condenser were closely related to the operation mode of the CLHP. The vapor front in the condenser oscillated at the condenser inlet at a low heating power, which resulted in an unstable operation of the CLHP. Moreover, by comparing the condensation heat transfer coefficient (HTC) with the condensation correlations, the Cavallini correlation is recommended for the design of the CLHP condenser.
A Survey of Web-Based Tools for Collaborative Engineering Design
Authors: Anderson Michael , Chanthavane Spence , Broshkevitch Adam , Braden Paul , Bassford Colton , Kim Matthew , Fantini Michael , Konig Seth , Owens Trent , Sorensen Carl
Published: July 2021

Demand is increasing for effective online tools to perform collaborative engineering design by geographically separated teams. In particular, tools that facilitate the concept ideation phase of the engineering design process are sought for immediate implementation in product design. In this work, researchers conducted a literature review, interviews with practicing engineers, and a thorough web search to identify available tools and the desired features and requirements. A set of 100 web-based collaborative tools were identified then filtered down to 18 candidates which met the minimum criteria. These 18 were systematically evaluated by the researchers who rated their satisfaction of 11 requirements. The five highest rated finalist platforms were more thoroughly tested by design teams who used the platforms in design sprint activities. Evaluator ratings and feedback were collected at multiple points and several best practices were discovered during testing. Conceptboard3 received the highest evaluator ratings, with few negative comments, and is expected to be an effective tool for collaborative engineering design.
Foam-Metal Casing Treatment on an Axial Flow Compressor: Stability Improvement and Noise Reduction
Authors: Sun Dakun , Li Jia , Dong Xu , Xu Ruize , Sun Xiaofeng
Published: July 2021

A set of foam metal casing treatment (FMCT) has been investigated to assess the stability improvement and noise reduction on an axial compressor. Three FMCTs with different PPI (Pores Per Inch), 20, 35, and 50, are tested experimentally. Two installation locations of foam metal in the casing are also considered and investigated. At location 1, it is found that the FMCT improves the stall margin by 5.4–8.7%, and the attenuation of compressor noise is up to 5 dB. At location 2, the stall margin is extended by 22.2–37.1% but increasing the noise mostly. Besides, foam metal at location 1 causes less efficiency loss than that at location 2. Based on the analysis in near-casing pressure distribution, spanwise performance comparison, and stall process, the mechanism of the FMCT for enhancing the compressor stability is also discussed.
Molecular Dynamics of Supercritical Water for Nuclear Data Development
Authors: Hartling Katy , Li Gang , Bentoumi Ghaouti , Yamani Zahra
Published: July 2021

The Canadian supercritical water-cooled reactor was selected as one of the Generation IV International Forum initiatives for reactor design. It uses supercritical light water as a coolant under operating conditions of 25 MPa (250 bar) and 623–898 K. However, the simulation codes used to assess the performance and safety of such a design depend upon the accuracy of available nuclear data parametrizations, which currently do not include models of light water in the supercritical regime. In this paper, we present a study of supercritical water (SCW) through molecular dynamics simulations. Flexible variants of the TIP4P/2005 and simple point charge models for H2O are assessed to determine their ability to reproduce experimental measurements of SCW properties, and their suitability for the future development of nuclear data parametrizations for thermal neutron scattering from SCW. Planned experiments measuring thermal neutron scattering from SCW to inform nuclear data development are also summarized.
The Incorporation of Human Performance Improvement into Systems Design
Authors: Corrado Jonathan K.
Published: July 2021

Although considerable research has been conducted on the human-machine interface, this is a moving target as industry sprints to keep up with technological advances. Conflicts remain between the optimism of technology developers and the real-life operational difficulties that accompany the introduction of these systems. The developers typically claim that the new technology will result in performance improvements. Due to the operational complexities introduced, however, the technology may actually decrease user performance. Unfortunately, the complexities confronting operators are difficult for design teams to predict. Incorporating advances in technology is necessary, but should be properly balanced within the confines of the system. It is easy to forget that humans are a vital part of this system. The human, including the human's inclination for error, should be considered a fundamental aspect of the system, reflected in design and accounted for in the design process. Engaged human involvement is necessary for safe and successful system operation, but like all systems, it has its failure modes. Humans' innate propensity for error in system operation should be addressed from multiple fronts. This article proposes a method to minimize the impact of human error throughout life of a facility via incorporation of a human performance improvement model that institutes human error severity criteria, establishment of a system to capture human error data, and via data trending, a process to predict negative behaviors before potential errors or adverse events can occur.
Dynamical motion of a pair of microparticles at the acoustic pressure nodal plane under the combined effect of axial primary radiation and interparticle forces
Authors: Hoque S. Z. , Nath A. , Sen A. K.
Published: July 2021

The dynamical motion of a pair of microparticles exposed to acoustic standing waves and located at the pressure nodal plane is studied using numerical simulations and experiments. The insight into their dynamical behavior along the pressure nodal plane due to the competition between the axial primary radiation and interparticle forces is elucidated. An expression for axial primary radiation force acting on a particle is derived, and the particle dynamics is simulated using fluid-structure interaction model based on the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method. Considering the total radiation force acting on a particle is the sum of the axial primary radiation force and the interparticle force, three distinct dynamical regimes are observed depending upon the relative magnitudes of the acoustic forces which in turn depend on the gradient of the acoustic energy density. Acceleration, deceleration, and constant velocity motion of the pair of approaching particles are observed, which are explained by the interplay of the acoustic and non-acoustic forces. The dynamical motion of the pair of particles predicted using the model is in very good agreement with the experimental observations.
Segregation of competing speech in adults and children with normal hearing and in children with cochlear implants
Authors: Liu Ji-Sheng , Liu Yang-Wenyi , Yu Ya-Feng , Galvin John J. , Fu Qian-Jie , Tao Duo-Duo
Published: July 2021

Children with normal hearing (CNH) have greater difficulty segregating competing speech than do adults with normal hearing (ANH). Children with cochlear implants (CCI) have greater difficulty segregating competing speech than do CNH. In the present study, speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in competing speech were measured in Chinese Mandarin-speaking ANH, CNH, and CCIs. Target sentences were produced by a male Mandarin-speaking talker. Maskers were time-forward or -reversed sentences produced by a native Mandarin-speaking male (different from the target) or female or a non-native English-speaking male. The SRTs were lowest (best) for the ANH group, followed by the CNH and CCI groups. The masking release (MR) was comparable between the ANH and CNH group, but much poorer in the CCI group. The temporal properties differed between the native and non-native maskers and between forward and reversed speech. The temporal properties of the maskers were significantly associated with the SRTs for the CCI and CNH groups but not for the ANH group. Whereas the temporal properties of the maskers were significantly associated with the MR for all three groups, the association was stronger for the CCI and CNH groups than for the ANH group.
The interplay between matrix deformation and the coordination of turning events governs directed neutrophil migration in 3D matrices
Authors: François Joshua , Kandasamy Adithan , Yeh Yi-Ting , Schwartz Amy , Ayala Cindy , Meili Ruedi , Chien Shu , Lasheras Juan C. , del Álamo Juan C.
Published: July 2021

Neutrophils use their ability to deform surrounding extracellular matrix and turn to navigate through complex 3D environments.
Ebola vaccine–induced protection in nonhuman primates correlates with antibody specificity and Fc-mediated effects
Authors: Meyer Michelle , Gunn Bronwyn M. , Malherbe Delphine C. , Gangavarapu Karthik , Yoshida Asuka , Pietzsch Colette , Kuzmina Natalia A. , Saphire Erica Ollmann , Collins Peter L. , Crowe James E. , Zhu James J. , Suchard Marc A. , Brining Douglas L. , Mire Chad E. , Cross Robert W. , Geisbert Joan B. , Samal Siba K. , Andersen Kristian G. , Alter Galit , Geisbert Thomas W. , Bukreyev Alexander
Published: July 2021

Fc effector functions and antibody specificity, rather than IgG or neutralizing titers, may serve as protective correlates for Ebola vaccines.
Shigella
-Specific Immune Profiles Induced after Parenteral Immunization or Oral Challenge with Either Shigella flexneri 2a or Shigella sonnei
Authors: Clarkson Kristen A. , Porter Chad K. , Talaat Kawsar R. , Frenck Robert W. , Alaimo Cristina , Martin Patricia , Bourgeois A. Louis , Kaminski Robert W.
Published: July 2021

Although immune correlates of protection have yet to be defined for shigellosis, prior studies have demonstrated that
Shigella
infection provides protection against reinfection in a serotype-specific manner. Therefore, it is likely that subjects with moderate to severe disease post-oral challenge would be protected from a homologous rechallenge, and investigating immune responses in these subjects may help identify immune markers associated with the development of protective immunity.
Multidimensional Clinical Surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reveals Complex Relationships between Isolate Source, Morphology, and Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Dunphy Laura J. , Kolling Glynis L. , Jenior Matthew L. , Carroll Joanne , Attai April E. , Farnoud Farzad , Mathers Amy J. , Hughes Molly A. , Papin Jason A.
Published: July 2021

P. aeruginosa
is a leading cause of nosocomial infection and infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. While
P. aeruginosa
infection and treatment can be complicated by a variety of antimicrobial resistance and virulence mechanisms, pathogen virulence is rarely recorded in a clinical setting.
A Resistance Mechanism in Non-
mcr
Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Taiwan: R81H Substitution in PmrA Is an Independent Factor Contributing to Colistin Resistance
Authors: Wang Ching-Hsun , Siu L. Kristopher , Chang Feng-Yee , Chiu Sheng-Kang , Lin Jung-Chung
Published: July 2021

The molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of
mcr
-negative colistin-resistant
E. coli
are not well described. In this study, a total of 11
mcr
-negative colistin-resistant
E. coli
isolates were selected from a nationwide antimicrobial resistance surveillance program in Taiwan for further investigation.
Saliva Testing Is Accurate for Early-Stage and Presymptomatic COVID-19
Authors: Johnson Abigail J. , Zhou Shannon , Hoops Susan L. , Hillmann Benjamin , Schomaker Matthew , Kincaid Robyn , Daniel Jerry , Beckman Kenneth , Gohl Daryl M. , Yohe Sophia , Knights Dan , Nelson Andrew C.
Published: July 2021

Methods for COVID-19 detection are necessary for public health efforts to monitor the spread of disease. Nasopharyngeal samples have been considered the best approach for COVID-19 testing.
Adenocarcinoma of the fourth portion of duodenum presenting as intussusception: an unusual manifestation of rare pathology
Authors: Varshney Vaibhav Kumar , Varshney Bharti , Khera Sudeep , Sureka Binit
Published: July 2021

Primary adenocarcinoma of the fourth portion of the duodenum (D-IV) is reported infrequently than other parts of the duodenum. Its diagnosis is often late because of non-specific symptoms and signs. We encountered a 48-year-old male patient who was diagnosed as duodeno-duodenal intussusception, underwent segmental duodenal resection with duodenojejunal anastomosis and confirmed as adenocarcinoma of D-IV. He received adjuvant chemotherapy and is doing well at 1 year of follow-up. This report describes about the rare case of isolated adenocarcinoma of the D-IV presented as intussusception which is never reported before and successfully treated by segmental resection of the duodenum and jejunum.
CD11b+CTLA4+myeloid cells are a key driver of tumor evasion in colorectal cancer
Authors: Imazeki Hiroshi , Ogiwara Yamato , Kawamura Mami , Boku Narikazu , Kudo-Saito Chie
Published: July 2021

Background

Tumor metastasis is the major cause of death of colorectal cancer (CRC), and metastatic CRC remains incurable in many cases despite great advances in genetic and molecular profiling, and clinical development of numerous drugs, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, more effective treatments are urgently needed for the patients in clinical settings.

Methods

We used mouse CRC metastasis models that murine Colon26 cells were subcutaneously and intravenously implanted and attempted to elucidate the tumor biological and immunological mechanisms underlying cancer metastasis. Then, we evaluated in vivo antitumor efficacy induced by agents targeting the identified molecular mechanisms using the mouse models. We validated the clinical relevancy of the findings using peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from stage IV metastatic CRC patients.

Results

CD11b+CTLA4+myeloid cells were systemically expanded in the metastatic settings and facilitated tumor progression and metastasis directly via generating lipid droplets in tumor cells and indirectly via inducing immune exhaustion. These events were mediated by IL1B produced via the CTLA4 signaling from the increased myeloid cells. Blocking CTLA4 and IL1B with the specific mAbs significantly suppressed tumor progression and metastasis in the mouse models resistant to anti-PD1 therapy, and the therapeutic efficacy was optimized by blocking cyclooxygenases with aspirin.

Conclusions

The CD11b+CTLA4+cells are a key driver of tumor evasion, and targeting the CTLA4-IL1B axis could be a promising strategy for treating metastatic CRC. The triple combination regimen with anti-CTLA4/IL1B mAbs and aspirin may be useful in clinical settings.
Is percutaneous coronary intervention safe during uninterrupted direct oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndromes?
Authors: De Luca Leonardo , Rubboli Andrea , Bolognese Leonardo , Uguccioni Massimo , Lucci Donata , Blengino Simonetta , Campodonico Jeness , Meynet Ilaria , Brach Prever Silvia Maria , Di Lenarda Andrea , Gabrielli Domenico , Gulizia Michele Massimo
Published: July 2021

Objectives

No data on optimal management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) on long-term direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are available. Using the data of the Management of Antithrombotic TherApy in Patients with Chronic or DevelOping AtRial Fibrillation During Hospitalization for PCI study, we sought to compare the outcome of patients with ACS and atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent PCI during uninterrupted DOAC (UDOAC group) and those who interrupted DOAC before PCI (IDOAC group).

Methods

The primary outcomes of our analysis were the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), a composite of death, cerebrovascular events, recurrent myocardial infarction or revascularisation and net adverse clinical events (NACEs), including major bleeding, at 6 months.

Results

Among the 132 patients on long-term DOAC, 72 (54.6%) underwent PCI during UDOAC and 60 (45.4%) after IDOAC. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.8±1.7 and 3.9±1.3 (p=0.89), while the HAS-BLED score was 2.5±1.0 and 2.5±0.9 (p=0.96), in UDOAC and IDOAC groups, respectively. The median time from hospital admission to PCI was 9.5 (IQR: 2.0–31.5) hours in UDOAC and 45.5 (IQR: 22-5–92.0) hours in IDOAC group (p<0.0001). A radial approach was used in 92%, and a drug-eluting stent was implanted in 98% of patients. At 6 months, the rates of MACE (13.9% vs 16.7%) and NACE (20.8% vs 21.7%) did not differ between UDOAC and IDOAC groups. At multivariable analysis, increasing CHA2DS2-VASc score (HR: 1.39; 95% CIs 1.05 to 1.83; p=0.02) resulted as the only independent predictor of NACE.

Conclusions

Our study shows that PCI is a safe procedure during UDOAC in patients with concomitant ACS and AF.
Contraction fatigue, strength adaptations, and discomfort during conventional versus wide-pulse, high-frequency, neuromuscular electrical stimulation: a systematic review
Authors: Bastos Júlia Aguillar Ivo , Martins Wagner Rodrigues , Júnior Gerson Cipriano , Collins David Frederic , Durigan João Luiz Quagliotti
Published: July 2021

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can be delivered in a conventional form (CONVNMES) and using relatively wide-pulses and high-frequencies (WPHFNMES). WPHFNMES is proposed to reduce contraction fatigability and generate larger contractions with less discomfort than CONVNMES; however, there are no systematic reviews to guide the selection of NMES types. This systematic review compared the effects of CONVNMES versus WPHFNMES on contraction fatigability, strength adaptations, and perceived discomfort in clinical and non-clinical populations. Eight studies were included. When averaged across all non-clinical participants in individual short- and long-term studies, there was either no difference between CONVNMES and WPHFNMES for all outcomes or WPHFNMES produced more fatigability. In a subset of non-clinical participants (“responders”), however, WPHFNMES reduced contraction fatigability during a single session. Long-term studies found no differences between protocols for strength adaptations in non-clinical participants and those with multiple sclerosis. We concluded that WPHFNMES reduces contraction fatigability only in the short-term studies and in non-clinical responder participants and may exacerbate fatigability in non-responders. This review was registered in the prospective international registry of systematic reviews/PROSPERO (Registration Number: CRD42020153907).

Novelty: WPHF NMES may reduce fatigue in some participants and exacerbate fatigue in others. There were no differences in long-term studies between WPHF and CONV NMES on strength adaptations. Future high-quality research is needed to optimize outcomes of NMES-based programs.
Mechanistic studies on the conversion of NO gas on urea-iron and copper metal organic frameworks at low temperature conditions: in situ infrared spectroscopy and Monte Carlo investigations
Authors: Eid A.M. , Rahman Mohammad A. , Al-Abadleh Hind A.
Published: July 2021

Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from high-temperature combustion processes under fuel-lean conditions continue to be a challenge for the energy industry. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is possible using metal oxides and zeolites. There is still a need to identify catalytic materials that are efficient in reducing NOx to environmentally benign nitrogen gas at temperatures lower than 200 °C. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a class of highly porous materials with unique physical and chemical properties. This study is motivated by the lack of systematic investigations on SCR using MOFs under industrially relevant conditions. Here, we investigate the extent of NO conversion with two commercially available MOFs, Basolite F300 (Fe-BTC) and HKUST-1 (Cu-BTC), mixed with solid urea as a source for the reductant, ammonia gas. For comparison, experiments were also conducted using cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) as a non-porous counterpart to relate its reactivity to those obtained from MOFs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to identify the gas and surface species in the temperature range of 115–180 °C. Computational analysis was performed using Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the adsorption energies of different surface species. The results show that the rate of ammonia production from the in situ solid urea decomposition was higher using CoFe2O4 than Fe-BTC and Cu-BTC and that there was very limited conversion of NO on the mixed solid urea-MOF systems due to site blocking. The main conclusions from this study are that MOFs have limited ability to convert NO under low-temperature conditions and that surface regeneration requires additional experimental steps.
Leading or lagging: How well are climate change considerations being incorporated into Canadian fisheries management?
Authors: Boyce Daniel G. , Fuller Susanna , Karbowski Chelsey , Schleit Katie , Worm Boris
Published: July 2021

In response to fisheries declines and delayed population recoveries, many management agencies globally are integrating alternative strategies that incorporate precautionary and ecosystem considerations, increasingly focusing on climate variability and change. Here, we quantitatively evaluate how these themes have been incorporated into the science and management plans for Canada’s fisheries by analyzing the content of 905 research and management documents published by the Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) for the Atlantic and Eastern Arctic regions. We found that the precautionary approach was mentioned much more frequently (44%) than climate change (11%) or ecosystem approaches to fisheries management (1%). Of research documents that mentioned climate change, 61% contained only a single reference to it, suggesting that it is not quantitatively evaluated in the science that informs the advisory and decision-making processes. Most references to climate change in the DFO research documents expressed high uncertainty of how climate change would impact the stock dynamics. We propose explanations for this and discuss approaches for increasing the incorporation of these themes into Canada’s fishery management.
On monogenity of certain pure number fields defined by xpr − m
Authors: Ben Yakkou Hamid , El Fadil Lhoussain
Published: July 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a pure number field generated by a complex root [Formula: see text] of a monic irreducible polynomial [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a square free rational integer, [Formula: see text] is a rational prime integer, and [Formula: see text] is a positive integer. In this paper, we study the monogenity of [Formula: see text]. We prove that if [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is monogenic. But if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is not monogenic. Some illustrating examples are given.
Geomorphology from Earth orbit 1957–2000
Authors: Eckardt Frank D.
Published: July 2021

This chapter examines the technical capabilities of orbital earth observation sensors and considers associated geomorphic user requirements between 1957 and 2000. Early photography from space provides much promise, which is followed by successive dedicated satellite missions. These produce data at ever-greater spatial and spectral resolution, as well as frequency, starting with Landsat 1 in 1972. Users especially in the arid and polar community are drawing on this new technology. However, the wider uptake of data derived from passive systems such as Landsat and other such sensors by geomorphologists is sporadic due to the mismatch between data requirements and systems specifications. Limitations to most geomorphologists would have included data cost, given that even Landsat data were not always freely available, as well as data volume and processing capabilities, which favoured governmental scientists. Active radar data on some levels fulfilled the geomorphic requirements such as retrieval of form and texture, as well as height. Unfortunately, the processing of such image data required significant technical capabilities and was not easy to interpret, given the numerous variables associated with the backscatter of the microwave signal. Early Earth observation missions were deployed at a time when the full extent of global change, driven by anthropogenic activity, had not been fully comprehended. However, older legacy data are now of profound value, since they provide a comparative baseline against which change can be quantified. The study period also saw the gradual transfer of military GPS capabilities to the civilian sector, which facilitated field activities and geometric correction of imagery.
Simulative Investigation on Local Hydrogen Starvation in PEMFCs: Influence of Water Transport and Humidity Conditions
Authors: Du Fengmin , Hirschfeld Julian Arndt , Huang Xinyi , Jozwiak Krzysztof , Dao Tuan Anh , Bauer Andreas , Schmidt Thomas J. , Orfanidi Alin
Published: July 2021

Durability targets of automotive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) could be crucially threatened by local hydrogen starvation, typically induced by local blockage of gas channels. To gain a deep insight on the evolving of such starvation events and related carbon corrosion losses, we have developed a numerical model with transient nature that includes detailed transport phenomena and electrochemistry. Special focus is on water transport and sensitivity of relative humidity (RH) on both anode and cathode sides, whose influences were commonly neglected in starvation-related modeling studies. Utilizing the model, we show the dominating effect of in-plane hydrogen convection within the anode gas diffusion layer, which is again determined by the accumulation of other gas species including water vapor. We demonstrate how this is again linked with the water management throughout the fuel cell. Furthermore, water transport is shown to affect local current density and membrane oxygen permeability, both being critical influential factors regarding the severity of a local starvation event. The developed model is validated by conducting transient current density distribution measurements. As RH levels are crucial operational conditions within automotive PEMFCs, this work serves as useful input towards development of future operation strategies for better PEMFC durability.
Clinical Study of MEBO Combined with Jinhuang Powder for Diabetic Foot with Infection
Authors: Zhan Hong-Bo , Sun Qing-Qing , Yan Lei , Cai Jia
Published: July 2021

Background. To investigate the efficacy and safety of MEBO combined with Jinhuang powder for the treatment of diabetic foot with infection. Methods. From August 2015 to August 2019, patients with diabetic foot in our hospital were divided into the treatment group and control group. The treatment group was treated with moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) combined with Jinhuang powder, while the control group was treated with MEBO only. Results. After one week of treatment, the effective rate in the treatment group was 100%, and the effective rate in the control group was only 76%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The wound pain score was 2.40 ± 1.38 in the treatment group and 3.76 ± 1.85 in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.01

). After one month of treatment, the effective rate of wound healing was 92.0% in the treatment group and 68% in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. MEBO combined with Jinhuang powder is effective in treating diabetic foot with infection wound.
Regarding New Traveling Wave Solutions for the Mathematical Model Arising in Telecommunications
Authors: Baskonus Haci Mehmet , Guirao Juan Luis García , Kumar Ajay , Vidal Causanilles Fernando S. , Bermudez German Rodriguez
Published: July 2021

This research paper focuses on the application of the tanh function method to find the soliton solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear electrical transmission line model. Materials used to form a transmitting line are very important to transmit electric charge. In this sense, we find some new voltage behaviors such as dark, trigonometric, and complex function solutions. Choosing some suitable values of parameters, we present some various surfaces of results obtained in this paper. These results play an important role in telecommunications lines used to stand for wave propagations.
Diabetic Muscle Infarction: Resolution of Rare Microangiopathy with Over-The-Counter Medication
Authors: Jariwal Roopam , Raza Nadia , Cadang Catherine , Rahman Syed , Contreras David , Sidhu Ramanjeet , Bhandohal Janpreet
Published: July 2021

Diabetic muscle infarction (DMI) is a rare complication of poorly controlled type 1 and type 2 diabetes seen mostly in those who have already experienced microvascular complications. Currently, the incidence and prevalence of DMI are difficult to conclude, and there is no clear algorithm or standard of care in managing this condition. Pathogenesis of the microangiopathy of DMI remains unclear. A major finding in this investigation of DMI emphasizes that, within 2–17 weeks, patients who initiate low-dose acetylsalicylic acid, bed rest, and close outpatient follow-up see significant size reduction of lower extremity mass and complete resolution of pain without being subjected to invasive muscle biopsy.
TSM‐Based Adaptive Fuzzy Control of Robotic Manipulators with Output Constraints
Authors: Yan Fei , Wang Shubo
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes an adaptive control scheme based on terminal sliding mode (TSM) for robotic manipulators with output constraints and unknown disturbances. The fuzzy logic system (FLS) is developed to approximate unknown dynamics of robotic manipulators. An error transformation technique is used in the process of controller design to ensure that the output constraints are not violated. The advantage of the error transformation compared to traditional barrier Lyapunov functions (BLFs) is that there is no need to design a virtual controller. Thus, the design complexity of the controller is reduced. Through Lyapunov stability analysis, the system state can be proved to converge to the neighborhood near the balanced point in finite time. Extensive simulation results illustrated the validity of the proposed controller.
Natural Gas Hydrate Prediction and Prevention Methods of City Gate Stations
Authors: Zuo Lili , Zhao Sirui , Ma Yaxin , Jiang Fangmei , Zu Yue
Published: July 2021

During the process of distributing natural gas to urban users through city gate stations, hydrate is easy to form due to the existence of throttling effect which causes safety risks. To handle this problem, a program to quickly calculate hydrate prediction and prevention methods for city gate stations is developed. The hydrate formation temperature is calculated through the Chen–Guo model, and the Peng–Robinson equation of state combined with the balance criterion is used to analyze the water condensation in the throttling process. The Wilson activity coefficient model is used to calculate the mass fraction in the liquid phase of thermodynamic inhibitors for preventing hydrates. Considering the volatility of inhibitors, the principle of isothermal flash has been utilized to calculate the total injection volume of the inhibitor. Moreover, the effects of commonly used methanol and ethylene glycol inhibitors are discussed. In terms of safety and sustainability, the ethanol inhibitor, which is considered for the first time, exhibited better prevention and control effects under conditions with relatively high temperature and low pressure after throttling. Combined with the actual working conditions of a gate station, methanol has the best inhibitory effect, followed by ethylene glycol. From an economic point of view, the benefits of the gas phase of the inhibitor during the delivery of natural gas are obvious; therefore, the method of methanol injection is recommended for hydrate prevention. If the gas phase benefits of the inhibitor are not considered, the ethylene glycol injection method becomes more economical.
Middle Ear Ceruminous Gland Adenoma Obstructing the Eustachian Tube Orifice
Authors: Jeong Hamin , Noh Haemin , Kim Chang-Hee
Published: July 2021

Ceruminous glands are located in the skin of the cartilaginous portion of the external auditory canal, and ceruminous gland adenoma originating from the middle ear mucosa is extremely rare. We report a case of middle ear ceruminous gland adenoma which caused long-standing otomastoiditis and mixed hearing loss with a large air-bone gap by obstructing the bony Eustachian tube. We discuss the clinical characteristics and histologic features of the present case.