bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of tetrakis(diethylamino)hafnium Precursor in the Formation of Hafnium Oxide Films Using Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Inman Ronald , Deshpande Anand , Jursich Gregory
Published: June 2017

Due to their compatibility with silicon interface and high dielectric constant, films containing hafnium oxide are becoming strong candidates in replacing silicon oxynitride as the gate dielectric layer in CMOS devices. To achieve ultimate conformality and thickness control, atomic layer deposition is receiving much more attention in recent years for nanometer size film applications. For hafnium oxide deposition by ALD, metal chlorides have traditionally been used as precursors with moisture being the co-reactant; however for gate oxide applications, metal chlorides are not considered suitable due to the corrosive nature of these compounds and the risks of film contamination. Hence, researchers are exploring alternate organometallic precursors in a CVD process with oxygen being the co-reactant. In this work, tetrakis (diethylamino) hafnium precursor is used in an ALD process with moisture co-reactant to deposit hafnium oxide films onto H-terminated Si substrate in a temperature regime of 200 to 350 C. Film composition is determined by x-ray analysis and is found to be stoichiometric without residue from ligand decomposition. Film thickness and uniformity is measured as a function of substrate temperature and reagent pulsing characteristics. These results will be presented and compared with that obtained with the more conventional hafnium chloride precursor.
The Prs2O3 /Si(001) Interface: a Mixed Si-Pr Oxide
Authors: Schmeißer Dieter , Dabrowski Jarek , Müssig Hans-Joachim
Published: June 2017

We studied the Pr2O3/Si(001) interface by a non-destructive depth profiling using synchrotron radiation and photo-electron spectroscopy (SR-PES) at the undulator beam line U49/2-PGM2 and ab initio calculations. Our results provide evidence that a chemical reactive interface exists consisting of a mixed Si-Pr oxide such as (Pr2O3)(SiO)x(SiO2)y. There is no formation of neither an interfacial SiO2 nor interfacial silicide: all Si-Pr bonds are oxidized and all SiO4 units dissolve in the Pr oxide. Under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, silicide formation is observed only when the film is heated above 800°C in vacuum. Interfacial silicates like (Pr2O3)(SiO)x(SiO2)y are promising high-k dielectric materials, e.g., because they represent incremental modification of SiO2 films by Pr ions, so that the interface characteristics can be similar to Si-SiO2 interface properties. The Pr silicate system formed in a natural way at the interface between Si(001) and Pr2O3 offers an increased flexibility towards integration of Pr2O3 into future CMOS technologies.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Hafnium Oxide Thin Films from Tetrakis(dimethylamino)Hafnium (TDMAH) and Ozone
Authors: Liu Xinye , Ramanathan Sasangan , Seidel Thomas E.
Published: June 2017

Hafnium oxide (HfO2) thin films were synthesized from tetrakis(dimethylamino) hafnium (TDMAH) and ozone (O3) by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on 200 mm silicon wafers. Gradual saturation was observed for TDMAH exposure pulse. However O3 showed better saturation behavior for O3exposure. Yet, 100% step coverage was achieved for ~100nm trenches with aspect ratio of 35. Temperature dependence of the deposition rate was studied at susceptor temperature from 160°C to 420°C. The lowest deposition rate was observed at 320°C. Mercury probe measurements indicated the dielectric constant increased from 16 to 20 as susceptor temperature increased from 200°C to 320°C. Selected comparisons with tetrakis (ethylmethylamino) hafnium (TEMAH) were also made.
Hybrid Valence Bands in Strained-Layer Heterostructures grown on Relaxed SiGe Virtual Substrates
Authors: Lee Minjoo L. , Fitzgerald Eugene A.
Published: June 2017

The use of alternative channel materials such as germanium [1,2] and strained silicon (ε-Si) [3-5] is increasingly being considered as a method for improving the performance of MOSFETs. While ε-Si grown on relaxed Si1-x Gex is drawing closer to widespread commercialization, it is currently believed that almost all of the performance benefit in CMOS implementations will derive from the enhanced mobility of the n -MOSFET [5]. In this paper, we demonstrate that ε-Si p -MOSFETs can be engineered to exhibit mobility enhancements that increase or remain constant as a function of inversion density. We have also designed and fabricated ε-Si / ε-Ge dual-channel p -MOSFETs exhibiting mobility enhancements of 10 times. These p -MOSFETs can be integrated on the same wafers as ε-Si n -MOSFETs, making symmetric-mobility CMOS possible.
Process Optimization for Multiple-Pulses Laser Annealing for Boron Implanted Silicon with Germanium Pre-amorphization
Authors: Poon Debora , Cho Byung Jin , Lu Yong Feng , Tan Leng Seow , Bhat Mousumi , See Alex
Published: June 2017

One of the major advantages of multiple-pulses Laser Thermal Annealing (LTA) with moderate energy fluence is that good dopant activation can be achieved without further increases in junction depth by successive pulses. It is demonstrated that when the laser fluence is adjusted to a value that can melt the preamorphization implantation (PAI) layer but not the underlying silicon substrate, PAI layer depths control the junction depths. Hence, it is desirable to operate LTA in this regime since this allows for a tighter process control as opposed to when the junction depth is controlled solely by the laser fluence. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) micrographs show that the degree of damage repair depends on the amorphous layer thickness as well as the number of pulses. Our study allows for the evaluation of the maximum allowable PAI depth for a given number of pulses in order to fully remove the damage caused by the PAI.
GENETIC VARIATION IN CULTURED STOCKS OF TIGER SHRIMP (Penoeus monodon) IN INDONESIA
Authors: Imron Imron , Sugama Ketut , Sumantadinata Komar , Soewardi Kadarwan
Published: June 2017

Three stocks of tiger shrimps, Penaeus monndon, obtained from brackish water pond culture in Aceh (Sumatera Island), Cilacap (Java Island) and Sumbawa (West Nusatenggara) were assayed for allozyme variation at 9 enzyme loci from muscle biopsies.
EFFECT OF STOCKING DENSITY ON THE CULTURE OF SILVER BARB (Barbodes gonionotus) lN FERTILIZED PONDS
Authors: Sunarno Mas Tri Djoko , Yakupitiyage Amararatne
Published: June 2017

The effect of stocking density on the culture of silver barb (Barbodes gonionotus) was evaluated in this experiment.
Body and Mind in Early China and Greece
Authors: Raphals Lisa
Published: June 2017

This article surveys several early Chinese and Greek representations of the self, with particular interest in relations between body and mind. I begin with Edward Slingerland’s application of recent research in conceptual metaphor analysis to early Chinese texts, his arguments on early Chinese root metaphors for self and an important study of mind-body dualism in early China. Next I introduce metaphors of mind and body in texts from technical expertise traditions that Slingerland’s survey does not cover. The last section introduces three apparently comparable sets of early Chinese and Greek metaphors: (1) analogies between mind and body and ruler and subordinates; (2) metaphors of the body as a container in which the mind is somehow contained; and (3) the notion that a person is a set of balances between constituent elements.
A rare case of monozygotic iniodymic diprosopiasis in a German Holstein calf
Authors: Behn Holger , Freick Markus , Weber Jim
Published: June 2017

Craniofacial duplication abnormity is a rare phenomenon in buiatric practice. This report attends to a male German Holstein calf which could be classified as a diprosopic iniodymus. A fetus exhibiting a doubled face was delivered after fetotomy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of diprosopiasis with two cranial cavities as well as two separate encephala in a calf showing the potential extent of duplication. Throughout this work also the question is answered of whether this malformation in a bovine species arose from one embryo or rather, there is a dizygotic background by genotyping of tissue samples from both parts of the diprosopus. Regarding etiology, not only hereditary dispositions including among others a failed function of the signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog mediating regulation of craniofacial morphogenesis, but also incompletely separated monozygotic twins are discussed.
Cystinurie aufgrund einer SLC7A9-Missense-Mutation bei Siammischlingskatzen eines Wurfs in Deutschland
Authors: Hilton Stephanie , Mizukami Keijiro , Giger Urs
Published: June 2017

Cystinurie wird durch einen Defekt bei der renalen Rückresorption der Aminosäuren Cystin, Ornithin, Lysin und Arginin (COLA) im proximalen Nierentubulus verursacht. Die geringe Löslichkeit von Cystin im leicht sauren Milieu führt zur Bildung von Kristallen und Steinen im Urin. In der letzten Zeit gab es Fortschritte hinsichtlich Diagnostik und Verständnis der Cystinurie bei unseren Haustieren. Bei Katzen sind beide Geschlechter gleichermaßen von der Erkrankung betroffen, unabhängig vom Kastrationsstatus. Trotz der relativen Seltenheit wurden bislang mehr Genmutationen bei Katzen als bei Hunden entdeckt. In dieser Fallstudie wurde ein Wurf Siammischlingskatzen in Deutschland klinisch auf Cystinurie untersucht und auf die bei Katzen bekannten Cystinurie-verursachenden Mutationen getestet. Ein adulter, kastrierter Kater wies Cystinkristalle und eine harnsteininduzierte Harnwegsobstruktion auf, die eine perineale Urethrostomie, Zystotomie und medi zinische Behandlung erforderlich machten. Dieser Kater und ein männlich-kastriertes Geschwistertier ohne klinische Anzeichen einer Harnwegserkrankung wurden im Nitroprussidtest positiv auf Cystin getestet, hatten erhöhte COLA-Werte und waren homozygot für die Punktmutation p.Val294Glu im SLC7A9-Gen, das die b0,+AT-Untereinheit für den b0,+-COLA-Transporter in der Niere kodiert. Ein weiteres männliches Geschwistertier zeigte keine Cystinurie und wurde negativ auf die Mutation getestet. Die gleiche SLC7A9-Mutation ließ sich bereits bei jeweils einer Maine-Coon-, Sphinx- und Mittellanghaarkatze in Nordamerika nachweisen, was auf einen gemeinsamen Vorfahren und eine weitere Verbreitung schließen lässt. Das Screening auf diese Mutation stellt eine einfache und zuverlässige Methode zur Untersuchung von Katzen auf Cystinurie dar und ermöglicht eine gezielte Behandlung betroffener Tiere.
Undrained stability analysis of embankments supported on geosynthetic encased granular columns
Authors: Mohapatra S. R. , Rajagopal K.
Published: June 2017

A systematic series of slope stability analyses were performed on embankments supported on soft clay soils treated with ordinary granular columns (OGCs) and geosynthetic encased granular columns (EGCs). The effect of various parameters such as the undrained shear strength of soft clay, friction angle of fill materials and aggregate in granular columns, area replacement ratio and the secant modulus of geosynthetic encasement on the factor of safety (FS) is analysed. A higher FS value is observed for EGC-supported embankments compared to embankments supported on OGC. In addition to full three dimensional (3D) modeling, an equivalent method is also presented in order to compare the solution accuracy and the relative computational efforts. The equivalent method yields similar FS values to 3D column models in the case of OGC, with lower computational costs. In the case of EGC, both methods give different FS values when the critical slip surface passes through the foundation soil, owing to the absence of the confinement effect provided by the geosynthetic in the equivalent method. For the same FS value, a significant reduction in area replacement ratio is observed when using geosynthetic encasement, which can reduce the consumption of natural resources.
Service design approach for composite steel–concrete floors
Authors: Ranzi Gianluca
Published: June 2017

Composite steel–concrete floors are widely used throughout the world for building and bridge applications. One of their main advantages relies on using the steel sheeting as permanent formwork and, once the concrete has hardened, as external reinforcement. This form of construction finds applicability in both steel and concrete structures with the use of composite slabs and post-tensioned composite slabs, respectively. For building applications, the design of composite steel–concrete floors is usually governed by serviceability limit state requirements associated with deflections. This paper presents a new design approach for the service design of composite and post-tensioned composite slabs. The particularity of the proposed procedure relies on the ability to account for the non-uniform shrinkage profile which develops through the slab thickness when the concrete is cast on steel sheeting. This behaviour is caused by the presence of the sheeting, which prevents drying from occurring from the underside of the slab. The proposed approach is validated against experimental measurements available in the literature for full-scale long-term tests of composite slabs and post-tensioned composite slabs.
Real-time monitoring of concrete–lattice-girder slabs during construction
Authors: Newell Shane , Goggins Jamie
Published: June 2017

This paper reports on the instrumentation, monitoring and some preliminary results from a real-time monitoring scheme of a hybrid concrete–lattice-girder slab flooring system. One of the key benefits of this monitoring project is improved understanding of in situ structural behaviour. Sensors were embedded in both the precast and in situ components of the floor system and were used to monitor various aspects of the behaviour of the floor during the manufacturing, construction and operational phases. Concrete strains and temperatures were measured, while environmental conditions were also monitored to assess their effects on the floor structure. The information from the real-time monitoring offered the opportunity to compare actual and predicted behaviour using structural codes, such as Eurocodes. Results on the early-age behaviour of the floor slab during the construction phase (strain, thermal cracking, restraint factors) are described in this paper.
ELABELA and an ELABELA Fragment Protect against AKI
Authors: Chen Hong , Wang Lin , Wang Wenjun , Cheng Cheng , Zhang Yu , Zhou Yu , Wang Congyi , Miao Xiaoping , Wang Jiao , Wang Chao , Li Jianshuang , Zheng Ling , Huang Kun
Published: June 2017

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the most common cause of AKI, which associates with high mortality and has no effective therapy. ELABELA (ELA) is a newly identified 32-residue hormone peptide highly expressed in adult kidney. To investigate whether ELA has protective effects on renal I/R injury, we administered the mature peptide (ELA32) or the 11-residue furin-cleaved fragment (ELA11) to hypoxia-reperfusion (H/R)–injured or adriamycin-treated renal tubular cells in vitro. ELA32 and ELA11 significantly inhibited the elevation of the DNA damage response, apoptosis, and inflammation in H/R-injured renal tubular cells and suppressed adriamycin-induced DNA damage response. Similarly, overexpression of ELA32 or ELA11 significantly inhibited H/R-induced cell death, DNA damage response, and inflammation. Notably, treatment of mice with ELA32 or ELA11 but not an ELA11 mutant with a cysteine to alanine substitution at the N terminus (AE11C) inhibited I/R injury-induced renal fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis, and the DNA damage response and markedly reduced the renal tubular lesions and renal dysfunction. Together, our results suggest that ELA32 and ELA11 may be therapeutic candidates for treating AKI.
The Appellate Division has spoken – Sequestration Proceedings do not Qualify as Proceedings to Enforce a Credit Agreement under The National Credit Act 34 of 2005: Naidoo v ABSA Bank 2010 4 SA 597 (SCA)
Authors: Maghembe Ngwaru
Published: June 2017

This case note aims to analyse the decision of the Supreme Court of Appeal in Naidoo v ABSA Bank 2010 4 SA 597 (SCA) and to spark some debate as to whether being under debt review in terms of the National Credit Act (NCA) should bar sequestration proceedings in the form of an application for the compulsory sequestration of a consumer’s estate. This decision held that a credit provider does not need to comply with the procedure provided for in section 129(1) of the NCA before instituting sequestration proceedings against a debtor, as such proceedings are not proceedings to enforce a credit agreement. The main issues discussed in this article are whether the court was correct in its interpretation of the relevant provisions of the NCA and whether this decision that allows a creditor to sequestrate a debtor who is attempting to meet his/her obligations under debt review, without informing him/her, is consistent with the principle urging consumers to satisfy all of their financial obligations under the NCA. It is submitted by the author that the court was correct in its interpretation of the relevant provisions of the NCA, but may have overlooked how this decision may impact the principle of satisfaction by the consumer of all of his/her financial obligations. It is suggested by the author that amendments be made to force the creditor to give a section 129 notice to the debtor before seeking sequestration of his/her estate. The author also suggests that once debt restructuring has been granted, credit providers should not be allowed to proceed with sequestration proceedings against the debtor.
Commercial Appropriation of a Person's Image: Wells V Atoll Media (Pty) Ltd (Unreported 11961/2006) 2009 ZAWCHC 173 (9 November 2009)
Authors: Cornelius Steve
Published: June 2017

Our modern society has become transfixed with celebrity. Business people and marketers also endeavour to cash in on the popularity enjoyed by the stars and realise the value of associating merchandise or trademarks with the rich and famous. This leads to difficulties when the attributes of a person are apparently used without consent, which poses new questions to the law: should the law protect the individual against the unlawful use of his or her image? If so, to what extent should such protection be granted? These were some of the questions which the court had to answer in Wells v Atoll Media (Pty). The judgment in Wellshas redefined the right to identity and provided some clarity on what the infringement of that right would amount to. When the attributes of a person are used without consent, the right to identity can be violated in one of four ways. A person's right to identity can be infringed upon if the attributes of that person are used without permission in a way which cannot be reconciled with the true image of the individual concerned, if the use amounts to the commercial exploitation of the individual, if it cannot be reconciled with generally accepted norms of decency, or if it violates the privacy of that person.
Experimental check of DNA delivery into E. gymnastica by electroporation v1
Authors: Vanclová and Natalia Wandyszewska Anna
Published: June 2017

This protocol was used to check, whether the DNA can be delivered to Eutreptiella gymnastica.
Neurotransmitter exchange in patients with skin melanoma
Authors: Afanas’eva Z A , Mukhamatgaleeva L K , Bilalov F S , Gataullin I G , Potanin V P , Ismagilov A K
Published: June 2017

Aim. To study peculiarities of neurotransmitter exchange in patients with skin melanoma.

Methods. Neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine) and their ratio in blood plasma were determined in 111 patients with skin melanoma and 38 healthy donors. The patients were divided into 3 groups: primary patients, patients with relapse of the disease and without relapse. To exclude the influence of undesirable factors (stress and physical exertion) on the level of neurotransmitters, the patients’ blood was drawn 1 day after admission in the morning on an empty stomach. Adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine concentration in the blood plasma was determined with the use of high-yield liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

Results. Analyzing noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio in the studied patients’ groups we noted significant unidirectionality of the changes in the form of increased noradrenaline and decreased adrenergic link of sympathoadrenal system i.e. in patients with skin melanoma mediator link dominates over hormonal link. Evaluation of noradrenaline/dopamine and dopamine ratio demonstrated that in normal or even increased level of dopamine adrenaline and noradrenaline levels are below normal that can indicate dysfunction of enzyme systems involved in neurotransmitter exchange and/or their accumulation in tumors. Maximal disorders of neurotransmitter exchange were registered in the group of patients with the disease relapse.

Conclusion. Patients with skin melanoma have imbalance of sympathoadrenal system that creates the perspective for the use of neuropharmacological drugs and psychotherapy in the treatment and rehabilitation of such patients.
The oral cavity state in professional athletes on the background of intense physical exercises
Authors: Safaraliev F R , Mamedov F Yu
Published: June 2017

Aim. To estimate the parameters of dental and immune status of professional athletes’ oral cavity on the background of intense physical exercises.

Methods. Clinical and laboratory studies of oral cavity of 122 athletes were conducted. The inclusion criteria for the study group were the athletes involved in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling with identical living conditions, nutrition, training, aged 19 to 27 years. Athletic experience of professional sports was 8 to 13 years. The presence of chronic catarrhal gingivitis and chronic generalized periodontitis of mild and moderate severity were identified. Biochemical studies were conducted in 92 male athletes (wrestlers of the free and classical style) aged 19 to 27 years. Samples of saliva were collected in the morning on an empty stomach 15-30 min prior to training and within 1 h after the intensive training sessions.

Results. Before the start of the training of wrestlers with intact periodontium no signs of bleeding gums were detected, but at the end of the training process due to rising intensity of physical exercise, deterioration of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and increasing blood flow, bleeding developed. After completion of the cycle of intense physical training with heavy loads aimed at the development of strength endurance in the prelaunch period, the immune status of the examined athletes changes a little. In accordance with the received data of laboratory investigations highly qualified athletes have decreased secretory immunoglobulin A on the background of significantly increased proinflammatory cytokine in the same biotope of the oral cavity.

Conclusion. Long-term and excessive exercise often lead to changes of local immunity in the oral cavity and development of pathological processes in periodontal tissues that indicates the feasibility of their timely diagnosis and correction.
The department of ophthalmology of Kazan state medical university is 150 years old
Authors: Shagaleeva Zh Z , Samoylov A N , Belyakova K V , Puzyreva K Yu
Published: June 2017

The article presents in detail the emergence and development of the Department of ophthalmology of Kazan state medical University. The Department of ophthalmology was organized in 1867 on the basis of the medical faculty of the Imperial Kazan University, the first head was Mikhail Vasilyevich Nikolsky. Since the creation, the Department is headed by outstanding scientists-ophthalmologists, who had made theoretical and practical contributions in domestic and global ophthalmology. To date the main focus areas of the Department of ophthalmology are development and introduction of new treatment methods for the diseases of ocular media, primary and secondary glaucoma, vitreoretinal pathology. For clinical interns and residents simulation training operating rooms are organized to train and improve practical skills. At the Department of ophthalmology of Kazan state medical university meetings of students’ scientific society are systematically conducted and students of the medical College and clinical interns and residents including those from near and far abroad countries are trained.
Surgical treatment of «dry» forms of central chorioretinal dystrophy with the use of platelet-rich blood autoplasma
Authors: Arsjutov D G
Published: June 2017

Aim. To study the impact of platelet-rich blood autoplasma on the capability of the retinal regeneration in nonexudative forms of central chorioretinal dystrophy with the use of microinvasive vitreoretinal surgery.

Methods. Surgical treatment was performed on 14 patients with central chorioretinal dystrophy aged 29 to 87 years. The surgery technique consisted of 3-port 25+, 27 Ga vitrectomy with posterior hyaline membrane and internal limiting membrane peel with subsequent central retinal exfoliation with 38 Ga cannula and balanced sodium solution and subretinal injection to the formed in macule space 0.1-0.2 ml of platelet-rich autolplasma.

Results. As a result of the treatment according to this technique during the long-term period after the surgery (1 to 9 months) thickness of fovea reduced to 85-150 µm in average staying stable during the whole observation period. In 9 patients pigment epithelium thickened from 24 to 38 µm in parafoveolar area and fovea area. Corrected vision in 3 patients reached 0.1, and in the rest it did not exceed 0.06, herewith, all patients noted consistently improved vision. All patients had favorable evolution of photosensitivity according to microperimetry in average from 0.1-0.5 to 8.5-11 dB with a tendency of fixation point movement from periphery to the center.

Conclusion. Vitreoretinal surgery 25+, 27 Ga for nonexudative forms of central chorioretinal dystrophy with the use of subretinal injection of platelet-rich autoplasma is a microinvasive, safe, effective method of the treatment of such pathology improving vision characteristics and anatomical and physiological characteristics of the eye involved.
Choice of sternal closure technique in patients with poststernotomy mediastinitis
Authors: Gorbunov V A , Dzhordzhikiya R K , Mukharyamov M N , Vagizov I I , Omelyanenko A S
Published: June 2017

Aim. Comparison of the efficacy of different sternal closure techniques for patients with poststernotomy mediastinitis.

Methods. From 2011 till 2016 29 patients after cardiothoracic surgeries complicated by poststernotomy mediastinitis and sternal dehiscence were observed. Depending on the used technique of re-osteosynthesis the patients were divided into 3 groups. In the group 1 re-osteosynthesis was performed with steel surgical wire, in group 2 - with titanium nickelide staples, and in group 3 - with developed by authors modernized U-shaped wire suture on the padding consisting of perforated metal sheet (titanium mesh). All patients during pre-operative period had vacuum wound drainage performed. In some patients during re-osteosynthesis vancomycin paste was used.

Results. The rate of sternal dehiscence recurrence in the group 1 was 30%, in group 2 - 12.5% and in group 3 - 9% (р1-2=0.08, р1-3=0.04, р2-3=0.2). The average hospital stay in group 1 was 51 days, in group 2 - 27 days and in group 3 - 24 days (р1-2=0.05, р1-3=0.07, р2-3=0.4). In inharmed bone tissue of the sternum titanium nickelide staples use decreases the risk of recurrent sternal dehiscence by 17.5% compared to widely used osteosynthesis method with the use of steel wire.

Conclusion. Osteosynthesis method suggested by the authors demonstrated its reliability in 91% of cases; use of vancomycin paste during re-osteosynthesis allowed avoiding recurrent wound infection both in short- and long-term periods in 100% of cases.
Children’s republican clinical hospital - a 40-year-long path in the history of pediatric healthcare in Tatarstan
Authors: Valiullina S A , Doronina L A
Published: June 2017

Children’s republican clinical hospital of the Republic of Tatarstan has undergone a forty-year-long path in its development. Today it is a modern medical institution uniting a high-tech hospital, an emergency hospital and an organizational and methodological center. It is also a coordinator of pediatric healthcare in Tatarstan. However, it all began with the Government’s decision to build a modern pediatric republican center on the outskirts of the city. The article describes in detail how the hospital was built, how surgical and pediatric services were created and developed, how the staff was trained, how modern technologies were introduced, how the hospital was modernized to solve strategic tasks, what role the Departments of pediatrics and pediatric surgery have played and still play. History is made by people, so the article contains the detailed description of formation of the hospital staff and reflects the role of its first Chief physician E.V. Karpukhin who took an active part in hospital’s construction, in creation of its services and headed this hospital for 33 years. The efforts of the large team have made the Children’s republican clinical hospital one of the best among children’s hospitals in Russia.
Hyperfiltration and Albuminuria—A Deadly Combination
Authors: Lardinois Claude K ,   University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, US and American Health Care, Rocklin, California, US
Published: June 2017

I ndividuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), and roughly half die of CHD without developing end-stage renal disease. Two key kidney measurements: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, are consistently associated with high CHD risk. An eGFR greater than 105 ml/min per 1.73m2 (hyperfiltration) and an albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) greater than 5 mg/g are both independently associated with an increased risk of CHD. Therefore, eGFR and ACR should be taken into account for cardiovascular prediction.
Complications of Acute and Chronic Hyperglycemia
Authors: Marcovecchio M Loredana ,   University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Published: June 2017

Hyperglycemia is due to a dysregulation in the complex mechanisms implicated in glucose homeostasis. Chronic hyperglycemia, as measured by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), is a key risk factor for the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications, which in turn negatively influence the prognosis of patients with diabetes. Several studies have shown that acute hyperglycemia can add to the effect of chronic hyperglycemia in inducing tissue damage. Acute hyperglycemia can manifest as high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or high postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) and can activate the same metabolic and hemodynamic pathways as chronic hyperglycemia. Glucose variability, as expressed by the intraday glucose fluctuations from peaks to nadirs, is another important parameter, which has emerged as an HbA1c-independent risk factor for the development of vascular complications, mainly in the context of type 2 diabetes. Treatments able to decrease HbA1c have been associated with positive effects in terms of reducing risk for the development and progression of complications. Further studies are required to clarify the impact of strategies more specifically targeting components of acute hyperglycemia, to improve outcomes in patients with diabetes.
Endoscopic Thyroidectomy—Preliminary Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in Delhi, India
Authors: Aggarwal Vivek ,   Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Punjabi Bagh, Delhi, India, Raja Bhanu Kiran ,   Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Punjabi Bagh, Delhi, India, Garg Monika ,   Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Punjabi Bagh, Delhi, India, Khandelwal Deepak ,   Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Punjabi Bagh, Delhi, India, Agarwal Bhoopendra ,   Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Punjabi Bagh, Delhi, India
Published: June 2017

Cosmesis after thyroid surgery has always been a concern for patients approaching thyroid surgery. To achieve a scarless surgery in the neck, endoscopic thyroidectomy using different techniques has been described in the literature. The aim of this article is to study the feasibility of endoscopic combined axillary breast approach for thyroid surgery. This is a retrospective study in the department of Endocrine Surgery from a tertiary care center in Delhi, India. Patients who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy at our center during May 2010–November 2015 were included. The procedure was carried out in subjects who opted for the procedure with unilateral thyroid nodules of size less than 4 cm, with benign and indeterminate cytology, and with no previous neck surgery or radiation to the neck. The details of demographic profile, operative parameters, and postoperative management were collected for all the cases. All 12 subjects were females. The mean age of the subjects was 27.2 (range 14–45) years. Mean operative time was 187 (range 110–232) minutes. There was a temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in one case, local wound infection in two cases, prolonged subcutaneous emphysema in five cases, and prolonged analgesic requirement (>5 days) in 10 cases. No life-threatening complications were seen in any of the subjects. Cosmetic results were excellent as there was no visible scar in the neck. The combined breast axillary approach using endoscopic technique for unilateral thyroid nodule is feasible with acceptable morbidity and can be offered to selected patients for cosmetic advantage.
Kompleks İntihar Olgusunda Kan Lekesi Model Analizi İle Olay Yerinin Yeniden Yapılandırılması
Authors: Arslan Murat Nihat , Özbay Mehmet , Şam Bülent
Published: June 2017

Using two different methods for suicide, which are usually dangerous-enough for death singly shows the consistency of the desire of death. A 40-year-old man hung himself by shooting through the heart with a converted blank-cartridge gun. Autopsy findings, crime scene investigation findings, bloodstains on the body and the scene made us think that the manner of the death was the suicide.
Determining the manner of the death on complex suicide cases should be done before the autopsy with the contribution of crime scene findings. Handling the crime scene findings with a multidisciplinary aspect, considering every object or evidence on the crime scene as a useful tool to solve the case, may facilitate to determine the manner of death. Similarly, when approaching to the deceased at the autopsy room, examination and documentation of bloodstains on the clothes or on the body may provide useful information on determining the manner of the death.
Sedas, rasos y damascos en la Casa del Conde de Benavente (C. 1533) = Silks, satins and damask fabrics in the House of the Count of Benavente (C. 1533)
Authors: Blanco Carrasco José Pablo
Published: June 2017

Las pautas de consumo de las familias castellanas cambiaron a medida que se consolidaron dos procesos descritos por la historiografía reciente. Por una parte,
el aumento del capital disponible. Por otra, la llegada al reino de productos de lujo procedentes de los principales centros manufactureros de la época. El efecto que esta transformación tuvo en la sociedad es múltiple. Con esta comunicación intentaremos mostrar la magnitud de esta intensificación en las economías nobiliarias, tomando como
ejemplo la casa condal de Benavente a principios del siglo XVI.

Abstract

The consumption patterns of Castilian families changed in the 16th century as two processes described by recent historiography were consolidated. On the one hand, the increase in available capital. On the other, the arrival to the kingdom of luxury products from the main manufacturing centers of the time. The effect of this transformation on society is manifold. With this paper, we will try to show the magnitude of this intensification in the nobiliary economies, taking as an example the house of Benavente in the early 16th century.
La respuesta patronal durante la Restauración ante los accidentes labores de una empresa minera. El caso de la Sociedad Anónima Minas de Riosa (Asturias, 1899-1916) = Response of the entrepreneurs in a mining accident during the Restoration. The case of Sociedad Anónima Minas de Riosa (Asturias, 1899-1916)
Authors: Fernández Menéndez Mercedes
Published: June 2017

A mediados del siglo XIX se comenzó a desarrollar la legislación laboral en España, pero su hito principal vendría dado por la Ley de Accidentes del Trabajo del año 1900. Ésta reconocía la responsabilidad del empresario sobre los daños que sufrieran sus obreros en los siniestros acaecidos durante su jornada laboral. Estudiamos la respuesta patronal ante los accidentes mineros cuando dicha norma entra en vigor, centrándonos en el caso de la Sociedad Anónima Minas de Riosa, mediante el estudio de cuatro expedientes de accidentes de especial importancia que se conservan en su archivo empresarial.

Abstract

A mid-nineteenth century began to develop labor legislation in Spain, but the main milestone was a law from 1900, relationship with de labor accidents. This
recognized the responsibility of the employer about the damage his workers suffered accidents that occur in during working hours. We study the employer´s answer about the mining accidents when the law started. We will know about the Sociedad Anónima Minas de Riosa by studying the records of accidents that are preserved in their business file.
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Authors: Barrionuevo Leticia
Published: June 2017

Número completo
Инновационные логистические стратегии и их влияние на разработку сети распределения
Authors: Дыбская Валентина Владимировна , Сверчков Павел Александрович
Published: June 2017

В статье рассматривается вопрос влияния инновационных логистических стратегий на проектируемую сеть распределения предприятия. Доказывается актуальность этой задачи для современных торговых компаний, развивающих собственную логистическую инфраструктуру. Определены основные внешние и внутренние факторы, оказывающие влияние на эффективность функционирования логистической сети распределения.
Приводится обзор и анализ научных статей зарубежных и российских авторов, посвященных вопросам разработки логистической стратегии компании. Представлена систематизация логистических стратегий. Предлагается авторский вариант инновационных логистических стратегий связанных с деятельностью сетей распределения торговых и промышленных компаний.
Potentialités de l’écotourisme et géotourisme aux provinces de Tantan, Tarfaya et Layoune (Sahara Atlantique marocain)
Authors: Amimi Taha , Ouhnine Radouane , Chao Jamal , Elbelrhiti Hicham , Koffi Avy Stéphane
Published: June 2017

Tantan, Tarfaya and Laayoune provinces, which belong to the Moroccan Atlantic Sahara, are characterized by exceptional geo and ecotourism potentials. In this context, singing dunes, sand rivers and the presence of several wadis mouth’s in such desert environment could constitute a locomotive for the development of green and geological tourism. Indeed, the studied region presents Eco and Geo-tourism potentials, combining ecological sites classified by the RAMSAR convention as the Khnifis lagoon, the wadis mouth’s including the longest river in Morocco (Oued Draa) with its new national park. Rivers of sand with multitudes sand colours, singing dunes, virgin beaches and sebkhas with the lowest point in Morocco, the sebkha of Tah with an altitude of -55 m adsl.
Apport De La Teledetection Pour Le Suivi SpatioTemporel De L’occupation Du Sol Dans La Region Montagneuse Du Tonkpi (Cote D’ivoire)
Authors: Tiesse Cyrille Bi , Wandan Eboua Narcisse , N’da Hyppolite Dibi
Published: June 2017

Objective: This study aims to characterize and to map vegetation cover in the mountainous region of Tonkpi in order to evaluate forest dynamics by remote sensing. Methodology and Results: This work relied on four satellite images of the scene 198-55 Landsat 4 TM 1990 from Landsat 7 ETM+ in 2000, Landsat 5 TM 2011 and Landsat 8 OLI-SHOTS 2015. Based on field data, classification was conducted using the maximum likelihood method in satellite images (OLI-SHOTS, ETM + and TM) in order to map vegetation from 1990 to 2015. These maps were superimposed to the Digital elevation model produced from an ASTER image in order to assess forest dynamics at altitude levels. The diachronic study of land use revealed a change in the landscape with a significant reduction of dense forest (-35.6%) and crop lands and fallow (-42.14%), and an increase of degraded forests (15.13%) and bare soil land and houses (10.46%). Moreover, high altitudes occupy a large proportion (37.7%) of the landscape (12,284 km2 ), followed by medium altitudes (34.6%), and low altitudes (27.7%). Concerning bare soil and homes, there is a large increase of the area at low altitudes (88, 96%) while concerning crops and fallow, the area reduction was more pronounced at high altitudes ( -53.64%). The medium altitudes have the highest rate of increase (51.14%) in degraded forests, and the highest decrease (-43.25%) in the dense forests. Conclusion and Application: The study shows that high altitudes occupy the largest proportion of the total area of the region and a change in the landscape due to human activities. Based on the results, we recommend a spatio-temporal monitoring of the net erosion on the mountains in order to maintain its agricultural potential and fight effectively against erosion.
Análisis retrospectivo de las enfermedades parasitarias del mono ardilla (Saimiri sciureus) en dos condiciones ex situ en el noroccidente de los Andes suramericanos
Authors: Botero C. Laura Catalina , Fernández D. Alejandra , Forero M. Natalia , Rosas G. Steven , Soler-Tovar Diego
Published: June 2017

El mono ardilla (Cebidae: Saimiri sciureus) es una especie de primate neotropical. La mayor susceptibilidad a la presencia de parásitos en estos primates se puede deber a las condiciones ex situ a las que se encuentran sometidos, en donde se exponen a diferentes factores ambientales y de manejo. A partir de las historias clínicas de una población de 94 Saimiri sciureus del Parque Zoológico Jaime Duque (PZJD) y de la Unidad de Rescate y Rehabilitación de Animales Silvestres (Urras), instituciones ubicadas al noroccidente de los Andes suramericanos, se determinó la presencia de los parásitos diagnosticados en estas dos condiciones (exhibición y rehabilitación, respectivamente), estableciendo la posible asociación con la edad, el sexo, la sintomatología y los medicamentos. Se utilizaron histogramas y prueba de chi cuadrado para definir las diferencias de parásitos en estos dos lugares y poder determinar la mayor frecuencia presente en Saimiri sciureus. Por otro lado, el limitado conocimiento y los estudios parasitológicos de estos primates delimitan la gestión pública y dificultan el establecimiento de posibles zoonosis.
Conservación y elaboración de piezas anatómicas con sustancias diferentes al formol en la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad de La Salle
Authors: Muñetón Gómez César Alfonso , Ortiz José Alejandro
Published: June 2017

El presente estudio, realizado en el área de Anatomía, se basó en la búsqueda de una alternativa diferente al formol para la conservación de piezas anatómicas, teniendo en cuenta sustancias menos agresivas con el medioambiente, y buscando una disminución en el número de animales destinados para el estudio anatómico. Por otra parte, se realizó el diseño y la elaboración de modelos anatómicos en diferentes materiales como yeso, acrílico, látex y resinas para su utilización como herramienta didáctica en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura; así mismo, se dio inicio a la plastinación de algunos órganos a fin de permitir su conservación y estudio de la forma más natural posible.
Dirofilaria immitis: una zoonosis presente en el mundo
Authors: Sánchez Klinge Marta Elena , Calvo Robayo Pilar , Mutis Barreto Claudia Aixa
Published: June 2017

La dirofilariasis, causada por Dirofilaria immitis, o gusano del corazón del perro, es una enfermedad de distribución mundial transmitida por mosquitos de los géneros Aedes, Anopheles, Culex y Taeniorhynchus; en humanos, esta filaria causa lesiones cutáneas y pulmonares, aunque ya se han reportado casos de dirofilariasis humana con localizaciones diferentes tales como grandes vasos mesentéricos, peritoneales, cordón espermático y aun en lado derecho del corazón. En el humano, a diferencia del perro, no hay una filaremia. Los síntomas más comunes son: dolor retroesternal, tos y hemoptisis. Un nódulo fibrótico (de uno a tres centímetros de diámetro) muchas veces es asintomático y se identifica solo en las radiografías de tórax como una lesión en forma de moneda. En los Estados Unidos existen unos cincuenta casos reportados en humanos, aunque también se han reportado casos en Japón, Asia, Australia, Brasil y Argentina. En la Universidad de La Salle se realizó una investigación para determinar la frecuencia de presentación de la Dirofilaria immitis en perros de Bogotá D. C (2600 msnm) mediante la prueba enzimática de Elisa Petchek®, la cual es específica y no presenta reacción cruzada con otros parásitos, brindando un diagnóstico rápido y certero de la enfermedad. Se encontró una frecuencia del 1%, de perros positivos a Dirofilaria immitis; si se tiene en cuenta que en esta ciudad hay una población aproximada de 800.000 perros, el posible número de animales positivos al parásito estaría en el orden de 8.000 perros, que potencialmente podrían transmitir la enfermedad al humano a través de la picadura de los mosquitos. El número de perros expuestos a la enfermedad del gusano del corazón en el mundo es cada vez mayor, y debido a que la dirofilaria rara vez se reconoce en humanos, su prevención depende en gran parte de la reducción de la prevalencia de la enfermedad en los perros, ya que incluso en Colombia se detectaron anticuerpos específicos contra los antígenos del complejo de gusanos adultos de Dirofilaria immitis en individuos de una comunidad indígena tikuna aislada en la Amazonia colombiana.
Gestión del conocimiento: mayor producción y competitividad. Perspectivas para los sistemas de producción ovino-caprinos
Authors: Ospina Óscar , Grajales Henry , Manrique C. Carlos
Published: June 2017

Los ovinos se presentan hoy día en Colombia como una de las especies promisorias para el sector pecuario, con un despertar en la actividad que se manifiesta con un incremento del inventario, que según Faostat (datos debatibles), ha pasado de 2’400.000 cabezas en el año 2000 a 3’400.000 para el 2008; por su lado, las cabras han pasado de 1’200.000 a 1’300.000 cabezas en el mismo periodo, creciendo, aunque con un ritmo menor que el de las ovejas. Según esta base de datos, la misma tendencia se observa en el consumo per cápita de carne ovino-caprina que partiendo de 270 g/persona/año para el 2000 llega a 370 g/persona/año para el 2008. Este crecimiento en el inventario y el consumo per cápita del ovino-caprino impulsa la necesidad de aprovechar no solo las ventajas comparativas, sino también la generación de ventajas competitivas que lleven a la ovino-cultura y la caprino-cultura colombiana por el camino de la competitividad y la globalización, aprovechando las oportunidades en el mercado nacional y de exportación. El eficaz aprovechamiento de dichas ventajas implica la incorporación de los datos, la información y el conocimiento como factores de producción dentro de un proceso ordenado, bajo el marco de un sistema de “gestión de conocimiento”. El presente documento trata los fundamentos teóricos sobre los cuales se discute la manera como los datos, la información y el conocimiento se transforman en productividad y competitividad; se tratan los temas del “Big-Bang”, la entropía y neguentropía, la complejidad, la teoría de sistemas, la teoría del conocimiento, la epistemología, el management, la economía del conocimiento, la planeación estratégica, la espiral del conocimiento en las organizaciones, y la gestión del conocimiento, procurando algunas aproximaciones al sector agropecuario y la contextualización de la gestión del conocimiento en la ovino-cultura y caprino-cultura colombiana.