bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and Community-Based Volunteerism: How the Rohingya Volunteers Acted for Community Engagement to Fight against the Pandemic in Rohingya Refugee Camps of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Fakhrul
Published: November 2024

Bangladesh hosts around 1 million Rohingya refugees who fled their homes in Myanmar. This study was conducted to elucidate agency responses to curb the spread of COVID-19 with the active involvement of Rohingya volunteers at the Rohingya refugee camps of Cox’s Bazar district in Bangladesh. By adopting a qualitative research design, in-depth interviews were conducted with 49 Rohingya refugees and 42 humanitarian workers who had direct experience in serving the refugees during the first wave of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Findings unveil that humanitarian agencies adopted the tactics of civic engagement through community-based volunteerism led by the Rohingya volunteers as a key strategy of risk communication and pandemic management. The volunteers and other refugees actively engaged in developing community awareness, strengthening civic engagement, and volunteering for camp-based emergency and non-emergency services. They disseminated COVID-19-related information, made people aware of community-based rumors and misconceptions, and counseled refugees with symptoms. The study concludes that volunteers had a significant contribution to developing civic responsibilities at refugee camps, which encouraged and motivated the refugees to participate in COVID-19-related health programs. It suggests that community engagement through community-based volunteers could be a useful model of civic engagement for pandemic or disaster management in disadvantaged communities.
Children’s Profiles of Subjective Well-being Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Correlates: A Multi-national Study
Authors: Nahkur Oliver , Zarina Karoliine
Published: November 2024

By taking the “profiles of change” approach, we aim to explore multi-nationally the change of children’s overall subjective well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the role of social distancing experience, pandemic-related anxiety, and psychological needs fulfillment in this. We use International Children’s Worlds COVID-19 Supplement Survey data collected in 2021 from approximately 20,000 children primarily aged 9–13 years from 16 countries across four continents. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis are used. We found that in all countries, most commonly children’s overall subjective well-being decreased. The decrease was most notable in Turkey, but also in Germany, and Bangladesh. Among different factors, higher pandemic-related school anxiety helped most consistently, almost in all countries, to explain children’s belonging to “decliners” profile. This study offered us an opportunity to extend the evidence base of social-distancing measures impacts on children’s well-being, especially on overall subjective well-being to different national contexts.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Life Satisfaction: A Cross-National, Long Term Perspective
Authors: Callens Marc , Verlet Dries
Published: November 2024

This chapter, using Eurobarometer data and macro-economic time series (GDP, unemployment), examines first the impact of age, period, cohort, and economic variables on general life satisfaction. Next, we compare the impact on predicted life satisfaction trends for the COVID-19 crisis and for previous severe economic crises. In the analysis a long term (1973–2022) and a cross-national perspective (eight West-European countries) is used.

The study found that period effects dominate cohort effects, except in France. Past severe economic recessions, have a significant and lasting impact on life satisfaction. The COVID-19 crisis and the early 1980s economic crisis have comparable short-term effects on life satisfaction, but the latter crisis has a deeper and longer-lasting trough.
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Faculty Well-being: A Study of Academic Staff at Three Colleges in New York State
Authors: Berheide Catherine White , Carpenter Megan A. , Cotter David A.
Published: November 2024

Globally, public health measures to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 virus negatively affected workers’ well-being. This study examines how the pandemic affected the well-being of a particular set of workers, specifically academic staff at three private colleges in New York State. The purpose of this research is to examine mechanisms leading to greater faculty well-being. We examine the extent to which demands and resources explained differences in four measures of well-being: work-life balance satisfaction, feeling used up, depression, and sleep problems. We expected that faculty with greater demands, such as women and parents of young children, and those with fewer resources, such as untenured faculty, would be less satisfied with work-life balance, feel used up more often, score higher on the depression scale, and report more frequent sleep problems. Analyzing the data collected from 204 faculty via an online survey administered in the late spring and summer of 2020, we found that the only measure of well-being that gender and parenthood predicted was work-life balance satisfaction. Rank and tenure status had no significant effects on well-being. The only predictor that was significantly related to all four measures of well-being was teaching and research resources (i.e., time, space, and ability to concentrate). To improve faculty well-being, colleges and universities need to ensure they have sufficient resources to meet the demands of the job, especially during a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Kyoto University Critical Assembly
Authors: Pyeon Cheol Ho , Chiba Go , Endo Tomohiro , Watanabe Kenichi
Published: November 2024

The Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) has three types of cores: two solid-moderated and solid-reflected cores (A and B cores), and one light-water-moderated and light-water-reflected core (C core). The three cores are operated at room temperature and very low power less than 1 W, as a normal operation mode, and referred as zero-power reactors. Also, they have reactor components, including the low-enriched uranium fuel with the uranium-235 enrichment less than 20 wt%, moderators, reflectors, three control rods, three safety rods, six neutron detectors (three fission chambers and three uncompensated ionization chambers). Of three cores, in this chapter, essential parts of the C core are mainly introduced to make an easy understanding of the reactor core itself, including core characteristics, utilization purposes, functions of shutdown systems, and core components.
Determination of Neutron Flux
Authors: Pyeon Cheol Ho , Chiba Go , Endo Tomohiro , Watanabe Kenichi
Published: November 2024

The physical quantity of neutron flux can be measured indirectly through interaction signals between the neutron and the material used as a neutron detector, as discussed in Chap. 5. To determine neutron flux, the measured reaction rate obtained in the experiments should be used. Acknowledging that it is not easy to determine neutron flux using the reaction rate, this chapter focuses on the theory of reactor physics related to neutron flux and discussion of radiation measurement techniques to determine neutron flux.
Measurement of Uranium Enrichment
Authors: Pyeon Cheol Ho , Chiba Go , Endo Tomohiro , Watanabe Kenichi
Published: November 2024

In this chapter, a brief explanation of safeguards is given prior to the measurement of uranium (U) enrichment, together with the background of safeguards, and the identification of nuclear fuel materials, 235U, 238U, and thorium-232, is described. Furthermore, detailed methods for discriminating and measuring nuclear fuel materials are presented.
Dynamic Modelling of Tunnel Failure
Authors: Lyakhovsky Vladimir , Mendecki Aleksander J.
Published: November 2024

Rupture dynamics along a relatively wide fault zone intersecting an underground tunnel is studied in the framework of recently developed damage-breakage rheological model. The propagating rupture produces rock damage and granulation in the process zone ahead of the rupture front, where intense torsion is simulated. It also produces an out-of-fault damage zone, of which the volume is calculated and compared with analytical predictions using the point source approximation. Interaction between propagating rupture and tunnel significantly enhances stresses around the tunnel leading to its failure with significant implosive component. Tunnel failure may occur with a certain delay after the rupture front passed, depending on the initial tunnel strength. This time delay is defined by the time needed to accumulate damage in the rock mass around the tunnel. In some cases such tunnel failure maybe interpreted as an independent implosive seismic event. Model results provide an insight into the near- and intermediate fields of seismic radiation produced by seismic sources close to and intersecting an underground tunnel. Energy dissipation in the process zone in front of the propagating rupture due to the damage–breakage mechanism significantly affects the S-wave radiation in the direction of the rupture propagation. On top of that the tunnel failure process, especially if it is surrounded by relatively weak and damaged rock, significantly reduces S-wave radiation also in the directions normal to the fault zone.
Characterization of γ-phase PLA-based beaded nanofibers with Ga₂O₃, ZrO₂, Hibiscus, and GO for wound dressing
Authors: Ashraf Sherif , youssef Hesham , Khalaf Mohamed , Mostafa Mervat S.
Published: November 2024

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), and graphene oxide (GO) are prepared separately and then added to the Hibiscus. Then the mixture is added to polylactic acid (PLA) to expose it to the electrospinning process for obtaining beaded nanofibers. The beaded nanofibers are investigated using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). However, XRD showed that the crystal structure of Ga2O3 and ZrO2 is monoclinic. In addition, PLA has two main phases which are γ-PLA and β-PLA. This phase decreased upon increasing the additions. Further, SEM showed a decrease in the diameter of beaded nanofibers and reached 0.146 μm. Furthermore, TGA showed that the beaded nanofibers are stable until around 240 oC. Moreover, the cell viability showed that the composition is 97.2% at the concentration of 2.4 µg/mL.
Risk factors for kidney cancer and socio-occupational category: significant impact of chlorinated solvents (UroCCR 111)
Authors: Ferragu Matthieu , Bernhard Jean-Christophe , Fontenil Alexis , Guillotreau Julien , Panthier Frédéric , Branger Nicolas , Belas Olivier , Patard Jean-Jacques , Audenet François , Surlemont Louis , Mallet Richard , Waeckel Thibaut , Bigot Pierre
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The rising incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a significant concern in cancer research. This study analyses the characteristics of RCC patients based on their socio-professional category and explores the role of chlorinated solvents as a risk factor.

Materials and methods

A multicentre, descriptive epidemiological study was conducted using the UroCCR database. All patients from participating centres who had been diagnosed with RCC between July 2021 and February 2023, as well as those seen for follow-up consultation during this period, were included. Patients were categorised into 5 socio-professional groups based on INSEE’s Profession and Social Categories classification. The characteristics and risk factors of RCC for each group were compared. Binary logistic regression was used to study the exposure to chlorinated solvents and risk factors for clear cell RCC (ccRCC).

Results

A total of 1252 patients were included. Males made up 69.6% of the population. The median age was 64 years, and 87% of the patients had at least one RCC risk factor. ccRCC, papillary, and chromophobe types accounted for 78%, 14.9%, and 8.5% of the population, respectively. The median tumor size was 4.5 cm (SD = 3.3). Farmers had a higher prevalence of ccRCC (91.3%; p = 0.05) and larger tumors (median = 6 cm SD = 3.23; p = 0.038) than patients from other populations. Smoking and obesity rates were lower (10.1%; p < 0.001; 15.9%, p = 0.018, respectively), but exposure to chlorinated solvents was higher (50.7%; p < 0.001). Exposure to chlorinated solvents was independently associated with higher TNM stages (p = 0.044, OR = 1.41 CI (1.01; 1.96)). Obesity and exposure to chlorinated solvents were independent risk factors for ccRCC (p = 0.006, OR = 1.6 CI (1.1;2.2) and p = 0.028, OR = 1.6 CI (1.1;2.6), respectively).

Conclusion

This study shows the influence of socio-professional categories on exposure to RCC risk factors and tumor characteristics. In particular, farmers stood out from the rest of the study population. Their significant exposure to chlorinated solvents could be an interesting factor to investigate.
An adaptive synthetic sampling and batch generation-oriented hybrid approach for addressing class imbalance problem in software defect prediction
Authors: Taskeen Anam , Khan Saif Ur Rehman , Mashkoor Atif
Published: November 2024

Learning classifiers with uneven class distribution datasets poses a significant challenge in software defect prediction. This problem arises when the number of samples representing one class is significantly smaller than the others, leading to weak classification performance, particularly for minority class instances. Traditional classification models assuming equal class instances can result in low prediction accuracy and decision-making precision for minority class instances, raising concerns about identifying such instances accurately. To overcome this issue, this research proposes a hybrid technique that combines the Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) approach with a batch generator named the HADAB technique. ADASYN generates synthetic samples for the minority class, balancing the dataset and improving prediction accuracy. Conversely, the batch generator feeds data to the model in batches, enhancing training efficiency. The Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) serves as the base classifier in this study. The proposed HADAB technique significantly improves prediction accuracy and training efficiency without requiring additional parameter tuning, algorithm modification, or increasing complexity. We validate the performance of HADAB using publicly available NASA datasets encompassing diverse types. The results demonstrate the superiority of HADAB over traditional prediction accuracy methods. In conclusion, the proposed HADAB technique offers a practical and effective solution for handling class imbalance in software defect prediction, leading to improved prediction accuracy.
Movement Coordination’s Link with Common Ground During Dyadic Peer Discourse in Typically Developing and Autistic Speakers
Authors: Karin Einat , Geva Ronny , Bar-Yehuda Shahar , Estrugo Yael , Bauminger-Zviley Nirit
Published: November 2024

Common ground (CG)—a pragmatic capability that reflects the construction of shared meaning by two interlocutors during conversation—is widely accepted as crucial for effective communication, but its exploration has been limited in the context of children’s peer-to-peer interaction. Specifically, this study aimed to explore CG differences between typically developing (TD) and autistic populations, CG’s developmental trajectories, as well as the link between CG and motor coordination skills during peer interactions. Study participants included 148 children (6–16 years), comparing 64 TD and 84 autistic children across three age levels. Fixed dyads matched on IQ, age, sex, and mother's education performed a CG tangram-card task and complementary joint action (JA) tasks to evaluate peer-to-peer movement coordination. Individual motor skills were also assessed. As expected, both autistic and TD groups showed increasing efficacy over the 6-turn CG task (fewer words and shorter duration to communicate), although autistic participants were less efficient than TD participants. Better motor skills and JA synchronization correlated with both groups’ more efficient CG performance. Additionally, the indirect relationship between group (TD/autism) and CG was mediated by motor skills and JA, with age moderating the relationship between JA and CG. Specifically, better motor skills and socio-motor coordination were associated with more efficient CG creation, particularly in younger children (under 10 years). These findings suggest potential novel avenues for early interventions targeting motor and language challenges in autism to enhance pragmatic abilities and peer interactions, offering insights into language development in this population.
Immigrant Status and Social Ties: An Intersectional Analysis of Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Nayak Sameera S. , Mair Christine A. , Adewuyi Suliyat O.
Published: November 2024

Diverse social ties are critical facilitators of well-being among older adults. Social ties might be especially important for aging immigrants who face multiple social and economic vulnerabilities over the life course. We investigated social ties (e.g., partners, children, other family, and friends) by immigrant status among older adults in the United States (U.S.). Data come from the 2018 Health and Retirement Study (N = 4,006), a national sample of older adults in the U.S. We used multivariable logistic regression to compare social ties (e.g., partners, children, other family, and friends) by immigrant status. We further explored interactions with sex and race/ethnicity. Older immigrants are more likely to report that they can rely a lot on their partners (aOR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.27, 2.68) but less likely to rely on friends (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI, 0.55, 0.94) compared to non-immigrants. Older immigrants are also less likely to meet frequently with friends (aOR = 0.66, 95% CI, 0.51, 0.86) and with other family (aOR = 0.71, 95%, CI, 0.55, 0.91) compared to non-immigrants. Lastly, older immigrant men are significantly less likely to meet with friends compared to non-immigrant men (aOR = 0.48, 95% CI, 0.32, 0.73). As the older population in the U.S. continues to diversify and immigrant older adults navigate their support options, older immigrants–especially men–may be at risk for less variation in their social support options, particularly from extended family members and friends.
“Business as usual”? Safe-by-Design Vis-à-Vis Proclaimed Safety Cultures in Technology Development for the Bioeconomy
Authors: Kallergi Amalia , Asveld Lotte
Published: November 2024

Safe-by-Design (SbD) is a new concept that urges the developers of novel technologies to integrate safety early on in their design process. A SbD approach could—in theory—support the development of safer products and assist a responsible transition to the bioeconomy, via the deployment of safer bio-based and biotechnological alternatives. Despite its prominence in policy discourse, SbD is yet to gain traction in research and innovation practice. In this paper, we examine a frequently stated objection to the initiative of SbD, namely the position that SbD is already common practice in research and industry. We draw upon observations from two case studies: one, a study on the applicability of SbD in the context of bio-based circular materials and, two, a study on stakeholder perceptions of SbD in biotechnology. Interviewed practitioners in both case studies make claims to a strong safety culture in their respective fields and have difficulties differentiating a SbD approach from existing safety practices. Two variations of this argument are discussed: early attentiveness to safety as a strictly formalised practice and early attentiveness as implicit practice. We analyse these perceptions using the theoretical lens of safety culture and contrast them to the aims of SbD. Our analysis indicates that professional identity and professional pride may explain some of the resistance to the initiative of SbD. Nevertheless, SbD could still be advantageous by a) emphasising multidisciplinary approaches to safety and b) offering a (reflective) frame via which implicit attentiveness to safety becomes explicit.
The research behind a taxonomic monograph: a case study from Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Muñoz-Rodríguez Pablo , Carruthers Tom , Wells Tom , Sumadijaya Alex , Wood John R. I. , Scotland Robert W.
Published: November 2024

Systematic monographs are an important tool for understanding biodiversity. However, while papers that outline systematic methods for biogeography, phylogenetics and diversification are commonplace, papers that cover methods for monographic and taxonomic research are rare. In this paper, we describe how we conducted a monographic study of Ipomoea, drawing attention to the resources we made use of and the practical steps we took, with a particular focus on how we integrated results from molecular and morphological analyses. The monograph provided a framework for a range of subsequent research, including studies on the origin of the important crop sweet potato. It is hoped that our experience will provide a blueprint for others embarking on the preparation of a systematic monograph.
Autism and Online Dating: A Scoping Review
Authors: Neumann Matthias , Steiner-Hofbauer Verena , Mittmann Gloria
Published: November 2024

Over the last decade, online dating has become the most popular method for initiating romantic connections, offering a convenient alternative to traditional dating. This scoping review aims to map the existing literature on autism and online dating. We included eight studies published between 2014 and 2023, sourced from the databases PsycInfo, PubMed, Medline, DynaMed, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, and ACM Digital Library. The findings highlight that online dating platforms provide a controlled environment that can be advantageous for autistic individuals, although they face significant challenges, including difficulties with social norms and safety concerns. However, the studies were largely characterized by small convenience samples, which limits the generalizability of the findings. Research gaps remain, particularly regarding different sexual orientations and gender identities, the self-presentation of autistic females, autistic individuals’ specific aspirations on dating apps, and the role of autism-specific dating platforms.
Experiments in an enclosed Wave–Wind Flume environment to study the dynamics of a small-scale Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Bernal-Camacho Diego F. , Mendoza Edgar , Fontes Jassiel V. H. , Echeverria Carlos , Vakis Antonis I.
Published: November 2024

The global floating offshore wind industry is experiencing rapid growth, but stability regulations are often limited. Reducing platform motions can increase turbine efficiency and support hybrid wind-wave energy systems. This paper presents an experimental study on the dynamics of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) conducted in an enclosed Wave–Wind Flume (WWF) employing an image-based methodology. The study analyzes the effects of different sea states and the role of a Centerboard and Heave plate (CH) system in decreasing the platform’s motions. The study confirms a significant decrease in overall platform response, approximately 6%, along the longitudinal plane under various sea conditions due to the implemented system. Notable changes were also observed in the Response Amplitude Operators (RAO) at different periods, particularly pitch motion, which showed an average reduction of 27%. The surge, heave, and pitch responses consistently showed lower values when the system was installed, with a mean decrease of 25% across test cases. These results demonstrate the CH’s effectiveness in improving the platform’s dynamics and indicate that it can be integrated into other floating platforms’ designs to assess and improve their performance under distinct sea conditions.
Totally geodesic submanifolds in the manifold SPD of symmetric positive-definite real matrices
Authors: Tumpach Alice Barbara , Larotonda Gabriel
Published: November 2024

This paper is a self-contained exposition of the geometry of symmetric positive-definite real $$n\times n$$

n
×
n

matrices $${\text {SPD}}(n)$$

SPD
(
n
)

, including necessary and sufficent conditions for a submanifold $$\mathcal {N} \subset {\text {SPD}}(n)$$

N
⊂
SPD
(
n
)

to be totally geodesic for the affine-invariant Riemannian metric. A non-linear projection $$x\mapsto \pi (x)$$

x
↦
π
(
x
)

on a totally geodesic submanifold is defined. This projection has the minimizing property with respect to the Riemannian metric: it maps an arbitrary point $$x \in {\text {SPD}}(n)$$

x
∈
SPD
(
n
)

to the unique closest element $$\pi (x)$$

π
(
x
)

in the totally geodesic submanifold for the distance defined by the affine-invariant Riemannian metric. Decompositions of the space $${\text {SPD}}(n)$$

SPD
(
n
)

follow, as well as variants of the polar decomposition of non-singular matrices known as Mostow’s decompositions. Applications to decompositions of covariant matrices are mentioned.
On maximal hyperplane sections of the unit ball of $$l_p^n$$ for $$p>2$$
Authors: König Hermann
Published: November 2024

The maximal hyperplane section of the

$$l_\infty ^n$$

l
∞
n

-ball, i.e. of the n-cube, is the one perpendicular to

$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (1,1,0 ,\ldots ,0)$$

1

2

(
1
,
1
,
0
,
…
,
0
)

, as shown by Ball. Eskenazis, Nayar and Tkocz extended this result to the

$$l_p^n$$

l
p
n

-balls for very large

$$p \ge 10^{15}$$

p
≥

10
15

. By Oleszkiewicz, Ball’s result does not transfer to

$$l_p^n$$

l
p
n

for

$$2< p < p_0 \simeq 26.265$$

2
<
p
<

p
0

≃
26.265

. Then the hyperplane section perpendicular to the main diagonal yields a counterexample for large dimensions n. Suppose that

$$p_0 \le p < \infty $$

p
0

≤
p
<
∞

. We show that the analogue of Ball’s result holds in

$$l_p^n$$

l
p
n

-balls for all hyperplanes with normal unit vectors a, if all coordinates of a have modulus

$$\le \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$$

≤

1

2

and p has distance

$$\ge 2^{-p}$$

≥

2

-
p

to the even integers. Under similar assumptions, we give a Gaussian upper bound for

$$20< p < p_0$$

20
<
p
<

p
0

.
Gas channels and chimneys detection using post-stack seismic attributes, simian field, offshore west Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: El-Naby Ahmed A. Abd , Khalil Amin Esmail , Talaat Amr , Ismail Amir
Published: November 2024

The West Delta Deep Marine region has substantial prospects for extracting oil and gas. The area is also known for its distributed and disconnected channel systems and gas chimneys. The Simian field is particularly intriguing within this region. Gas chimneys and pockmarks are frequently observed on the seafloor. Pockmarks are formed when gas or fluid is released, causing depressions. These characteristics have the potential to influence the stability of the seabed and present hazards to oil rigs in proximity. To reduce the risks associated with these hazards, it is essential to have a thorough comprehension of the geological characteristics involved. The primary objective of our study is to identify and delineate gas channels and chimneys and the associated geologic features through the analysis of seismic attributes and the construction of three-dimensional models. By applying multiple seismic attribute classes such as the cosine of the phase, variance, and envelope, the detection of these hazards and associated features can be improved. We were able to identify and isolate areas of high-intensity brightness in the vicinity of the Simian gas channel. These high-intensity brightness zones serve as clear indicators of gas seepage and the movement of gas. In addition, there is substantial evidence of gas being discharged from a high-pressure zone upwards to the seafloor through the gas chimney and eventually creating pockmarks that pose a serious hazard area to the hydrocarbon production process. Upon completion of this study, after linking the presence of the subsurface marine geological features and the hazardous risk these features might propose. The optimal site within the study area for the placement of an oil rig with the aim of mitigating the impacts of capillary action is recommended. The results enhance risk avoidance and regulatory measures in this highly significant field.
Loading mechanism of timber screw–adhesive composite joint
Authors: Fang Mingji , Tao Jingyan , Sun Tao , Dong Hanlin
Published: November 2024

The impact of carbon emission and other pollution generated by the construction industry on the natural environment and ecosystems is immeasurable. Wood, as a renewable building material with excellent performance, is a practical solution for future low-carbon buildings. Current screwed wood connections have good ductility, but the initial stiffness is relatively low. In this paper, composite wood connections with screw and adhesive were proposed and investigated. Static loading tests were conducted to screwed connections and composite connection specimens. The failure modes of different connection types, as well as the effects of adhesive type and adhesive connection area on the joint bearing capacity are discussed. The results show that the yield load and ultimate load of the composite joint made with the existing adhesive increased by up to 169% and 222%, respectively, compared with the screw connection. At the same time, the influence of curing time and bonding should also be taken into consideration. This study provides a foundation for wood joint design and promotes the sustainable development of the building industry.
Sensibilisiert für den Umgang mit älteren Patient*innen
Authors: Winzer Andrea , Breinbauer Mareike , Claus Stefan
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund

Auch in der medizinischen Versorgung ist die demografische Alterung der Bevölkerung eindeutig erkennbar. Daher liegt es nahe, bereits frühzeitig im Medizinstudium für die Klientel der älteren Patient*innen sowie deren altersbedingte Einschränkungen zu sensibilisieren.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel ist die Evaluation eines Alterssimulationsunterrichts hinsichtlich Qualität und Nachhaltigkeit und die Untersuchung, ob Studierende bei sich aufgrund der Alterssimulationserfahrungen Veränderungen im empathischen Umgang mit älteren Menschen erkennen.

Material und Methoden

Eine quantitative Querschnittsstudie wurde in den Jahren 2022 und 2023 online bei 2 Medizinstudierendenkohorten im ersten Semester durchgeführt (n = 180, Rücklauf 40 %). Über den verkürzten Saarbrücker Persönlichkeitsfragebogen wurden Empathiescores ermittelt. Es wurden χ2-Tests nach Pearson, exakter Fisher-Tests sowie Mittelwertvergleiche (t-Tests) und Varianzanalysen (ANOVA, Post-hoc-Tests) berechnet.

Ergebnisse

Der Alterssimulationsunterricht wird von den Studierenden im Durchschnitt gut bewertet. Die Simulationserfahrungen erleben 91 % als eher bis sehr nachhaltig. Im Mittel können den Studierenden hohe Empathiescores (Mittelwert (M): 32,37, Standardabweichung (SD): 3,99) zugewiesen werden. Im empathischen Umgang mit älteren Menschen geben rund 74 % eine eher bis sehr starke Steigerung (4 bis 5 Punkte auf einer Skala von sehr verringert bis sehr gewachsen) durch die Simulationsübungen an. Diese Steigerung korreliert positiv mit der Höhe des Empathiescores (ANOVA, p = 0,001). Studierende mit praktischen Vorerfahrungen im medizinischen Bereich schätzen den Empathiezuwachs durch die Simulationsübungen geringer als Studierende ohne solche Vorerfahrungen ein (p = 0,001).

Diskussion

Alterssimulation scheint bereits zu Beginn des Medizinstudiums eine wirksame Lehrmethode zu sein, um bei Studierenden nachhaltig ein empathisches Verständnis für altersbedingte Einschränkungen zu fördern. Besonders Studierende ohne berufliche Vorerfahrungen nehmen durch die Simulationsübungen einen Zuwachs hinsichtlich ihres Einfühlungsvermögens in ältere Menschen wahr.
Data Management
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Lee Rubao
Published: November 2024

This guide illuminates the intricate relationship between data management, computer architecture, and system software. It traces the evolution of computing to today's data-centric focus and underscores the importance of hardware-software co-design in achieving efficient data processing systems with high throughput and low latency. The thorough coverage includes topics such as logical data formats, memory architecture, GPU programming, and the innovative use of ray tracing in computational tasks. Special emphasis is placed on minimizing data movement within memory hierarchies and optimizing data storage and retrieval. Tailored for professionals and students in computer science, this book combines theoretical foundations with practical applications, making it an indispensable resource for anyone wanting to master the synergies between data management and computing infrastructure.
Understanding Colonial Nigeria
Authors: Falola Toyin
Published: November 2024

In this landmark new history, Toyin Falola analyses the impact of Britain's colonization of Nigeria from the late nineteenth century to 1960, when the country regained independence. Falola covers major events in depth, from the initial conquest and denial of Indigenous sovereignty, to the emergence and functioning of the colonial state, and later nationalist movements, offering fascinating insights into labour and trade relations, regionalism and nationalism, and Nigeria's role during the First and Second World Wars. Understanding Colonial Nigeria assesses the economic, political, social, and cultural changes that culminated in the emergence of a coalition of diverse groups agitating for the end of colonial rule from the 1940s – from labor coalitions and politicians to youth groups and market women. From the country's borders and state structure, to the present conflicts, Falola powerfully reflects on the lasting consequences of British intervention in the affairs of Nigerian states and communities.
Modernist Hellenism
Authors: Stergiopoulou Katerina
Published: November 2024

Modernist Hellenism argues that engagement with Greek was central to the evolution of modernist poetics throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It shows that Eliot, Pound, and H.D. all turn to Greek literature, and increasingly Greek tragedy, as they attempt to grapple not only with their own evolving poetics but also with changing sociocultural circumstances at large. Revisiting major modernist works from the perspective of each poet's translations and adaptations from Greek, and drawing on archival materials, the book distinguishes Pound and H.D.'s work from Eliot's and argues for the existence of a specifically modernist hellenism (rather than, say, classicizing or idealizing, decadent or heretical), which is personal, politicized, and unconstrained by institutional standards, but also profoundly textual, language-based, and engaged with classical scholarship. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
Evolution for the People
Authors: Bowler Peter J.
Published: November 2024

From Darwin's The Origin of Species to the twenty-first century, Peter Bowler reinterprets the long Darwinian Revolution by refocussing our attention on the British and American public. By applying recent historical interest in popular science to evolutionary ideas, he investigates how writers and broadcasters have presented both Darwinism and its discontents. Casting new light on how the theory's more radical aspects gradually grew in the public imagination, Evolution for the People extends existing studies of the popularization of evolutionism to give a more comprehensive picture of how attitudes have changed through time. In tracing changes in public perception, Bowler explores both the cultural impact and the cultural exploitation of these ideas in science, religion, social thought and literature.
The Making of the Synoptic Gospels
Authors: Rainbow Paul A.
Published: November 2024

Why are the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke so similar, yet different? Modern scholars have developed four main approaches to the synoptic problem: That the evangelists tapped into testimonies about Jesus, or drew from many written fragments, or used a common exemplar, or modified each other's work. The first three approaches find solid support in antiquity, yet ironically, the fourth approach dominates gospel scholarship, without producing any consensus. In this study, Paul A. Rainbow reclaims the discarded proto-gospel hypothesis of the earliest modern critics, based on a fresh reading of traditions recorded by Papias in the early second century CE. He challenges the Utilization hypotheses – that the synoptists adapted the work of each other, in various theoretical configurations – by offering an historically nuanced hypothesis of a proto-gospels, which the three evangelists independently translated into Greek from Hebrew and enriched with oral testimonies and written fragments available to them.
The Free Speech Principle: A Topography
Authors: Brown Alexander
Published: November 2024

This paper argues that what scholars call ‘the free speech principle’ is not one principle but a slew of principles, and that these principles harbour several important differences that have remained largely unremarked upon, namely: (i) extending vs. limiting principles; (ii) comparative vs. non-comparative principles; and (iii) monistic vs. pluralistic principles. The paper also critically assesses certain generalisations that people might be tempted to make about these different principles, such as that one kind of free speech principle is harder to defend than another. Finally, the paper teases out the practical as well as theoretical implications of these insights, including degrees of complexity, the logical relationship between free speech principles and free speech policy dilemmas, and the virtue of compromise over free speech principles.
Exercise Mediates Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathophysiological Roles and Clinical Application
Authors: Wu Changyong , Chen Xiaocui , Yang Lu , Sun Huang , Bao Suli , Li Haojie , Zheng Lihui , Zeng Huiling , Li Ruijie , Peng Yunzhu
Published: November 2024

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is effective in improving cardiovascular disease risk factor management, cardiopulmonary function, and quality of life. However, the precise mechanisms underlying exercise-induced cardioprotection remain elusive. Recent studies have shed light on the beneficial functions of noncoding RNAs in either exercise or illness models, but only a limited number of noncoding RNAs have been studied in both contexts. Hence, the present study aimed to elucidate the pathophysiological implications and molecular mechanisms underlying the association among exercise, noncoding RNAs, and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the present study analysed the most effective and personalized exercise prescription, serving as a valuable reference for guiding the clinical implementation of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Applying the sour grapes/sweet lemons rationalization to change beliefs and preferences: Reducing public concerns about vaccine safety and enhancing their willingness to get vaccinated
Authors: Du Si-Yuan , Zhang Chun , Ma Jia-Tao , Nharen Mandura , Dai Yi-Xin , Li Pei-Wei , Zhao Ning , Zheng Yu , Li Shu
Published: November 2024

This study examined the sour grapes/sweet lemons rationalization through 2 conditions: ‘attainable’ (sweet lemons) and ‘unattainable’ (sour grapes), reflecting China’s 2019-nCoV vaccination strategy. The aim was to find ways to change people’s beliefs and preferences regarding vaccines by easing their safety concerns and encouraging more willingness to get vaccinated. An online survey was conducted from January 22 to 27, 2021, with 3,123 residents across 30 provinces and municipalities in the Chinese mainland. The direction of belief and preference changed in line with the sour grapes/sweet lemons rationalization. Using hypothetical and real contrasts, we compared those for whom the vaccine was relatively unattainable (‘sour grapes’ condition) with those who could get the vaccine easily (‘sweet lemons’). Whether the vaccine was attainable was determined in the early stage of the vaccine roll-out by membership in a select group of workers that was supposed to be vaccinated to the greatest extent possible, or, by being in the second stage when the vaccine was available to all. The attainable conditions demonstrated higher evaluation in vaccine safety, higher willingness to be vaccinated, and lower willingness to wait and see. Hence, we propose that the manipulation of vaccine attainability, which formed the basis of the application of sour grapes/sweet lemons rationalization, can be utilized as a means to manipulate the choice architecture to nudge individuals to ease vaccine safety concerns, reducing wait-and-see tendencies, and enhancing vaccination willingness. This approach can expedite universal vaccination and its associated benefits in future scenarios resembling the 2019-nCoV vaccine rollout.
Chasing emotional losses: Negative subjective affect is linked to increased risk-seeking behavior both within and between individuals
Authors: Bennett Daniel , Fulton Ashleigh , Forbes Laura
Published: November 2024

The literature on emotion and risk-taking is large and heterogeneous. Whereas some studies have found that positive emotions increase risk-taking and negative emotions increase risk aversion, others have found just the opposite. In this study, we investigated this question in the context of a risky decision-making task with embedded high-resolution sampling of participants’ subjective emotional valence. Across two large-scale experiments (N = 329 and 524), we consistently found evidence for a negative association between self-reported emotional valence and risk-taking behaviors. That is, more negative subjective affect was associated with increased risk-seeking, and more positive subjective affect was associated with increased risk aversion. This effect was evident both when we compared participants with different levels of mean emotional valence as well as when we considered within-participant emotional fluctuations over the course of the task. Prospect-theoretic computational modeling analyses suggested that both between- and within-participant effects were driven by an effect of emotional valence on the curvature of the subjective utility function (i.e., increased risk tolerance in more negative emotional states), as well as by an effect of within-person emotion fluctuations on loss aversion. We interpret findings in terms of a tendency for participants in negative emotional states to choose high-risk, high-reward options in an attempt to improve their emotional state.
Assessing patience and predictivity validity for mixed sign intertemporal choices
Authors: Mansell Wade Sean , Li Ye , Hardisty David
Published: November 2024

Most research on intertemporal choice has examined choices between smaller, sooner gains and larger, later gains. A much smaller number of papers have examined intertemporal choices for losses. In this article, we explore whether mixed-sign choices with both gains and losses may better correlate with real-world behaviors. In two high-powered studies (pilot: N = 3,200; main study: N = 7,000), participants completed one of four normatively equivalent measures consisting of pure gain, pure loss, or mixed sign (Gain-Now-Loss-Later or Loss-Now-Gain-Later) intertemporal choices. Participants also self-reported a large number of demographic measures and real-world choice behaviors thought to be linked to intertemporal choice. The results indicate that (1) mixed-sign intertemporal choices yield more patient time preferences than pure-gain choices but less patient than pure-loss choices and (2) pure-gain intertemporal choices yield equivalent or superior predictive power across a range of real-world intertemporal choice behaviors.
Acoustic interaction of a finite body in a rarefied gas: does sound reciprocity hold at non-continuum conditions?
Authors: Manela A. , Ben-Ami Y.
Published: November 2024

We study the effect of gas rarefaction on the interaction of small thermodynamic non-uniformities with a finite body. Considering a two-dimensional set-up, the initial system state is modelled as slight perturbations over its uniform density and temperature fields, prescribed in the vicinity of a thin plate. The problem is analysed in the collisionless limit and complemented by direct simulation Monte Carlo computations to cover the entire range of gas rarefaction rates. The high-Knudsen ‘sink-like’ and ‘source-like’ propagation patterns observed in the density- and temperature-driven set-ups, respectively, are discussed, together with the impact of specular (smooth) and diffuse (isothermal) wall reflections. At highly rarefied conditions, the solid body obstructs part of the gas domain, preventing the propagation of acoustic disturbances therein. With decreasing gas rarefaction, the acoustic field penetrates the obscured area via the effect of molecular collisions. Inspecting the near-field description, the propagation of flow disturbances along the plate surface is examined, and the acoustic force on the body is computed. In the thermally excited case, both normal- and shear-force components change sign at late times, attracting the plate towards the initial perturbation location. With reducing gas rarefaction, the shear force diminishes while the normal force sharply increases due to the decrease in signal decay. Finally, we apply the analysis to study the impact of gas rarefaction on acoustic reciprocity. Notably, acoustic reciprocity does not hold at non-continuum conditions over non-specular surfaces, where boundary reflections propagate in the presence of few molecular collisions, insufficient to retain reciprocal symmetry.
Preferential orientation of small floaters drifting in water waves
Authors: Herreman Wietze , Dhote Basile , Danion Lucile , Moisy Frédéric
Published: November 2024

Elongated floaters drifting in propagating water waves slowly rotate towards a preferential orientation with respect to the direction of incidence. In this paper we study this phenomenon in the small floater limit

$k L_x < 1$

, with

$k$

the wavenumber and

$L_x$

the floater length. Experiments show that short and heavy floaters tend to align longitudinally, along the direction of wave propagation, whereas longer and lighter floaters align transversely, parallel to the wave crests and troughs. We show that this preferential orientation can be modelled using an inviscid Froude–Krylov model, ignoring diffraction effects. Asymptotic theory, in the double limit of a small wave slope and small floater, suggests that preferential orientation is essentially controlled by the non-dimensional number

$F = k L_x^2 / \bar {h}$

, with

$\bar {h}$

the equilibrium submersion depth. Theory predicts the longitudinal-transverse transition for homogeneous parallelepipeds at the critical value

$F_c = 60$

, in fair agreement with the experiments that locate

$F_c = 50 \pm 15$

. Using a simplified model for a thin floater, we elucidate the physical mechanisms that control the preferential orientation. The longitudinal equilibrium for

$F< F_c$

originates from a slight asymmetry between the buoyancy torque induced by the wave crests, that favours the longitudinal orientation, and that induced by the wave troughs, that favours the transverse orientation. The transverse equilibrium for

$F>F_c$

arises from the variation of the submersion depth along the long axis of the floaters, which significantly increases the torque in the trough positions, when the tips are more submersed.