bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores asociados al mal control glucémico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II entre 40 a 85 años, en los Centros de Salud Puerto Madero y Llano de la Lima, Chiapas.
Authors: Guillén Vázquez Victoria , Saucedo Herrera Jéssica Jazmín
Published: May 2024

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo II es una enfermedad crónica degenerativa caracterizada por la elevación de glucosa en sangre debido a una alteración en el metabolismo de la insulina, secundario a la falta de síntesis de esta por el páncreas o resistencia a la acción de la hormona. La diabetes mellitus tipo II es un grave problema de salud pública, en México en el 2022 la prevalencia de la enfermedad fue de 22.1%, siendo la población adulta un grupo muy afectado. Objetivo: Identificar los principales motivos por los cuales, los pacientes que asisten a control metabólico en los Centros de Salud de Puerto Madero y Llano de la Lima, Chiapas, no logran cifras meta de glicemia. Materiales y Método: En el presente trabajo se investigaron los factores asociados al mal control glucémico en los pacientes a través de la aplicación de tres encuestas, Cuestionario de Conocimiento sobre Diabetes (Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire-24) para evaluar el conocimiento general de los pacientes sobre su patología y las consecuencias de padecerla, la encuesta de Morisky-Green, para valorar apego al tratamiento, y, una encuesta enfocada en la identificación de factores socioeconómicos implicados. Resultados: Se encontró que 34% de los encuestados padecen nefropatía diabética como principal complicación. Además, 80% de la población estudiada presentó buen apego al tratamiento, sin embargo, del total 68%, olvida tomar su medicamento ocasionalmente o dejar de tomarlo si se encuentra bien. Discusión: Al analizar los resultados obtenidos se concluye que no existe un solo factor causal determinante del descontrol glicémico, sino que son un conjunto de componentes como apego al tratamiento, red de apoyo familiar y educación al paciente sobre su patología. Palabras Clave: Factores de riesgo, glucemia; descontrol glucémico; insulina; hemoglobina glucosilada.
Competencias relacionadas con la atención médica a distancia: enfoque de Actividades Profesionales a Confiar.
Authors: Campos Castolo Esther Mahuina , Rosales Cadenas María Isabel , Durán Pérez Verónica Daniela , Hernández López Megan Denisse , Alayola Sansores Alejandro
Published: May 2024

Introducción: Las Actividades Profesionales a Confiar (APC) son un enfoque centrado en competencias que se distingue por plantear tareas específicas delegables a médicos en formación. Surgidas como respuesta a las limitaciones de la educación basada en competencias, las APC fueron propuestas inicialmente por Olle ten Cate en 2005, y desde entonces han sido adoptadas globalmente. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron marcos de competencias internacionales para fundamentar la elaboración de APC específicas para la atención médica a distancia, basadas en el Plan de Estudios 2010 de la UNAM. Se integró un grupo de expertos para validar las APC mediante un método Delphi modificado, utilizando herramientas como reuniones, cuestionarios en línea, y seguimiento en chat, para ajustar las APC hasta obtener una versión final aprobada. Resultados: Se desarrollaron 8 APC orientadas al método clínico y el proceso de atención médica a distancia: 1) viabilidad de la teleconsulta, 2) historia clínica a distancia, 3) teleexploración física, 4) telediagnóstico, 5) tratamiento a distancia, 6) teleinterconsulta, 7) promoción y prevención a distancia y 8) seguimiento a distancia. Cada APC evalúa competencias específicas, adaptadas a la atención médica a distancia, y están diseñadas para observar y medir el progreso en la adquisición de competencias en un contexto real. Conclusiones: Las APC representan un enfoque progresivo y comprensivo hacia la formación en telemedicina, asegurando que los estudiantes adquieran habilidades técnicas y clínicas necesarias, además de enfatizar en la empatía, el profesionalismo y la ética. Palabras Clave: Actividades Profesionales a Confiar, competencias médicas, telemedicina.
The Relationship Between Functional Movement Test (FMS) Results and the Athletic Performance of Young Football Players
Authors: Gözlükaya Girginer Fatma
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmada, genç futbolcuların fonksiyonel hareket analizi (FMS) skor ortalamaları ile sıçrama, sprint, çeviklik ve y balans test sonuçları ortalamalarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma 17 genç erkek sporcunun gönüllü olarak katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya başlamadan önce katılımcılara çalışmanın içeriği hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarının tutarlılığı açısından çalışma gününden önce son 48 saat hiçbir fiziksel aktivite yapmamışlardır. Tüm katılımcıların boy ve kilo ölçümleri alındıktan sonra futbola özgü motorik testlerden Y balance, dikey sıçrama, 30 m sürat testi ve çeviklik T testi uygulanmıştır. 48 saat sonra ölçümün 2. kısmı olan FMS testi 3 tekrar uygulanarak en iyi skor kaydedilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 25 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılıp dağılmadığı Shapiro Wilks normallik testi ile yapılmış olup veriler normal dağılım gösterdiği için Pearson Korelasyon Analizi yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların tanımlayıcı istatistikleri minimum, maksimum, ortalama ve standart sapma olarak verilmiştir. Sonuçlar, futbolcuların FMS puanlarının atletik performans test sonuçları ile orta düzeyde ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle atletik performans uzmanlara ve antrenörlere FMS ile fiziksel performans kapasitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi güçlendirmeleri önerilebilir.
Federal and foundational research funding trends for cerebrovascular neurosurgeons: the decline of the cerebrovascular surgeon-scientist?
Authors: Pugazenthi Sangami , Srienc Anja I. , Cantu Luke , Huguenard Anna L. , Eskandar Emad , Mack William J. , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Vellimana Ananth K. , Osbun Joshua W. , Zipfel Gregory J.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

The number of cerebrovascular (CV) surgeons has grown with the rise of endovascular neurosurgery. However, it is unclear whether the number of CV surgeon-scientists has concomitantly increased. With increasing numbers of CV neurosurgeons in the US workforce, the authors analyzed associated changes in National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Neurosurgery Research and Education Foundation (NREF) funding trends for CV surgeons over time.

METHODS

Publicly available data were collected on currently practicing academic CV surgeons in the US. Inflation-adjusted NIH funding between 2009 and 2021 was surveyed using NIH RePORTER and Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research data. The K12 Neurosurgeon Research Career Development Program and NREF grant data were queried for CV-focused grants. Pearson R correlation, chi-square analysis, and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

From 2009 to 2021, NIH funding increased: in total (p = 0.0318), to neurosurgeons (p < 0.0001), to CV research projects (p < 0.0001), and to CV surgeons (p = 0.0018). During this time period, there has been an increase in the total number of CV surgeons (p < 0.0001), the number of NIH-funded CV surgeons (p = 0.0034), and the percentage of CV surgeons with NIH funding (p = 0.370). Additionally, active NIH grant dollars per CV surgeon (p = 0.0398) and the number of NIH grants per CV surgeon (p = 0.4257) have increased. Nevertheless, CV surgeons have been awarded a decreasing proportion of the overall pool of neurosurgeon-awarded NIH grants during this time period (p = 0.3095). In addition, there has been a significant decrease in the number of K08, K12, and K23 career development awards granted to CV surgeons during this time period (p = 0.0024). There was also a significant decline in the proportion of K12 (p = 0.0044) and downtrend in early-career NREF (p = 0.8978) grant applications and grants awarded during this time period. Finally, NIH-funded CV surgeons were more likely to have completed residency less recently (p = 0.001) and less likely to have completed an endovascular fellowship (p = 0.044) as compared with non–NIH-funded CV surgeons.

CONCLUSIONS

The number of CV surgeons is increasing over time. While there has been a concomitant increase in the number of NIH-funded CV surgeons and the number of NIH grants awarded per CV surgeon in the past 12 years, there has also been a significant decrease in CV surgeons with K08, K12, and K23 career development awards and a downtrend in CV-focused K12 and early-career NREF applications and awarded grants. The latter findings suggest that the pipeline for future NIH-funded CV surgeons may be in decline.
Superior cerebellar peduncle deep brain stimulation for cerebral palsy
Authors: Lin Suzhen , Li Ningfei , Shu Yimei , Wang Tao , Huang Peng , Pan Yixin , Sun Bomin , Zhang Chencheng , Li Dianyou , Wu Yiwen
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Patients with coexisting spastic cerebral palsy (CP) and dystonia have limited treatment options. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the superior cerebellar peduncles (SCPs) in adults with CP.

METHODS

Five patients with CP and medically refractory dystonia and spasticity underwent SCP DBS. Assessments included the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS), modified Ashworth scale (mAS), and tests of cognition, mental status, and quality of life preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (in both DBS ON and OFF states, double blinded). Active contacts and fiber bundles were examined.

RESULTS

Four patients completed follow-up. The BFMDRS motor score decreased from 74 to 52 at 12 months postoperatively (30%, p = 0.008). The mean mAS score indicated significant spasticity reduction (from 2.9 ± 0.9 to 1.9 ± 0.6 after 12 months, p = 0.0454). Quality of life improved (p < 0.01), while cognition remained unaffected. Active contacts were found within the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract, with variable efficiency in decussating and nondecussating portions.

CONCLUSIONS

In this pilot trial, SCP DBS showed promise as a well-tolerated treatment for CP, improving dystonic symptoms, spasticity, quality of life, and functional capacities. However, caution is needed when interpreting the results given the small sample size and heterogeneous motor outcomes.
Pedicled omental flaps for complex wound reconstruction following surgery for primary spine tumors of the mobile spine and sacrum
Authors: Massaad Elie , Patel Shalin S. , Sten Margaret , Shim Jane , Kiapour Ali , Mullen John T. , Tobert Daniel G. , MacDonald Shannon , Hornicek Francis J. , Shin John H.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Surgery for primary tumors of the mobile spine and sacrum often requires complex reconstruction techniques to cover soft-tissue defects and to treat wound and CSF-related complications. The anatomical, vascular, and immunoregulatory characteristics of the omentum make it an excellent local substrate for the management of radiation soft-tissue injury, infection, and extensive wound defects. This study describes the authors’ experience in complex wound reconstruction using pedicled omental flaps to cover defects in surgery for mobile spine and sacral primary tumors.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 34 patients who underwent pedicled omental flap reconstruction after en bloc resection of primary sacral and mobile spine tumors between 2010 and 2020. The study focused on assessing the indications for omental flap usage, including soft-tissue coverage, protection against postoperative radiation therapy, infection management, vascular supply for bone grafts, and dural defect and CSF leak repair. Patient demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, surgical outcomes, and follow-up data were analyzed to determine the procedure’s efficacy and complication rates.

RESULTS

From 2010 to 2020, 34 patients underwent pedicled omental flap reconstruction after en bloc resection of sacral (24 of 34 [71%]) and mobile spine (10 of 34 [29%]) primary tumors, mostly chordomas. The patient cohort included 21 men and 13 women with a median (range) age of 60 (32–89) years. The most common indication for omental flap was soft-tissue coverage (20 of 34 [59%]). Other indications included protecting abdominopelvic organs for postoperative radiation therapy (6 of 34 [18%]), treating infections (5 of 34 [15%]), providing vascular supply for free fibular bone graft (1 of 34 [3%]), and repairing large dural defects and CSF leak (2 of 34 [6%]). The median (range) follow-up was 24 (0–132) months, during which 71% (24 of 34) of patients did not require additional surgery for wound-related complications. At last follow-up, 59% (20 of 34) had stable disease and 32% (11 of 34) had recurrence, had progression of disease, or had been discharged to hospice after treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

The pedicled omentum is an effective local tissue graft that can be used for complex wound reconstruction and management of high-risk closures in primary spine tumors. This technique may have a lower rate of complications than other approaches and may influence surgical planning and flap selection in challenging cases.
Design and radiological confirmation of 3-column cortical bone trajectory in the lumbar spine
Authors: Wang Jia-Qi , Zhang Ren-Jie , Zhou Lu-Ping , Jia Chong-Yu , Zhang Bo , Sheng Rui , Fang Shu , Shen Cai-Liang
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to design a novel lumbar cortical bone trajectory (CBT) penetrating the anterior, middle, and posterior vertebral area using imaging; measure the relevant parameters to find theoretical parameters and screw placement possibilities; and investigate the optimal implantation trajectory of the CBT in patients with osteoporosis.

METHODS

Three types of CBTs with appropriate lengths were selected to simulate screw placement using Mimics software. These CBTs were classified as the leading tip of the trajectory pointing to the posterior quarter area (original CBT [CBT-O]) and middle (novel CBT A [CBT-A]) and anterior quarter (novel CBT B [CBT-B]) of the superior endplate. The authors then measured the maximum screw diameter (MSD) and length (MSL), cephalad (CA) and lateral (LA) angles, and bone mineral density (Hounsfield unit [HU] values) of the planned novel 3-column CBT screw placements. The differences in the parameters of the novel CBTs, the percentages of successfully planned CBT screws, and the factors that influenced the successful planning of 3-column CBT screws were analyzed.

RESULTS

Three-column CBT screws were successfully designed in all segments of the lumbar spine. The success rate of the 3-column CBT planned screws was 72.25% (83.25% for CBT-A and 61.25% for CBT-B). From the CBT-O type, to the CBT-A type, to the CBT-B type, the LA, CA, and MSD of the novel CBT screws decreased with increasing trajectory length. The HU values of the three types of trajectories were all significantly higher than that of the traditional pedicle screw trajectory (p < 0.001). The main factor affecting successful planning of the 3-column CBT screw was pedicle width.

CONCLUSIONS

Moderating adjustment of the original screw parameters by reducing LAs and CAs to penetrate the anterior, middle, and posterior columns of the vertebral body using the 3-column CBT screw is feasible, especially in the lower lumbar spine.
Examining barriers to care: a retrospective cohort analysis investigating the relationship between hospital volume and outcomes in pediatric patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Brandel Michael G. , Gonzalez Hernan , Gonda David D. , Levy Michael L. , Smith Edward R. , Lam Sandi K. , Couldwell William T. , Steinberg Jeffrey , Ravindra Vijay M.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Comprehensive data on treatment patterns of pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are lacking. The authors’ aim was to examine national trends, assess the effect of hospital volume on outcomes, and identify variables associated with treatment at high-volume centers.

METHODS

Pediatric AVM admissions (for ruptured and unruptured lesions) occurring in the US in 2016 and 2019 were identified using the Kids’ Inpatient Database. Demographics, treatment methods, costs, and outcomes were recorded. The effect of hospital AVM volume on outcomes and factors associated with treatment at higher-volume hospitals were analyzed.

RESULTS

Among 2752 AVM admissions identified, 730 (26.5%) patients underwent craniotomy, endovascular treatment, or a combination. High-volume (vs low-volume) centers saw lower proportions of Black (8.7% vs 12.9%, p < 0.001) and lowest-income quartile (20.7% vs 27.9%, p < 0.001) patients, but were more likely to provide endovascular intervention (19.5%) than low-volume institutions (13.7%) (p = 0.001). Patients treated at high-volume hospitals had insignificantly lower numbers of complications (mean 2.66 vs 4.17, p = 0.105) but significantly lower odds of nonroutine discharge (OR 0.18 [95% CI 0.06–0.53], p = 0.009) and death (OR 0.13 [95% CI 0.02–0.75], p = 0.023). Admissions at high-volume hospitals cost more than at low-volume hospitals, regardless of whether intervention was performed ($64,811 vs $48,677, p = 0.001) or not ($64,137 vs $33,779, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that Hispanic children, patients who received AVM treatment, and those in higher-income quartiles had higher odds of treatment at high-volume hospitals.

CONCLUSIONS

In this largest study of US pediatric cerebral AVM admissions to date, higher hospital volume correlated with several better outcomes, particularly when patients underwent intervention. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that higher income and Hispanic race were associated with treatment at high-volume centers, where endovascular care is more common. The findings highlight the fact that ensuring access to appropriate treatment of patients of all races and socioeconomic classes must be a focus.
Porphyry deposits of Northern Eurasia: practical aspects of tectonic control, structural features and estimates of depth of erosion from the Urals to the Pacific
Authors: Yakubchuk A. S.
Published: May 2024

Наличие повышенных содержаний золота (0.1–1 г/т) в порфировых системах Северной Евразии делает их конкурентоспособными с Андами, несмотря на обычно меньшие объемы руды и более низкие содержания меди. Делается вывод, что порфировые системы Северной Евразии формировались в островодужных обстановках так же, как и порфировые системы западной части Тихого океана, в противовес окраинно-континентальным магматическим поясам Анд. Рассматриваются особенности структурного и тектонического контроля порфировых кластеров и трендов Северной Евразии, а также практические аспекты оценки эрозионного среза порфировых систем.
ЕКОНОМІКА ЗНАНЬ: РОЛЬ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ У СТИМУЛЮВАННІ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: КРАЙНІК Олена , БОБКО Наталія
Published: May 2024

У статті розглянуто роль інтелектуальної власності в економіці знань як ключового інструменту стимулювання інноваційної діяльності підприємств. Економіка знань відіграє вирішальну роль у сучасному світі, де інтелектуальні ресурси стають ключовими чинниками економічного зростання та конкурентоспроможності. У цьому контексті інтелектуальна власність є критично важливим інструментом для стимулювання інноваційної діяльності підприємств. Ця стаття досліджує роль інтелектуальної власності у стимулюванні інновацій, аналізуючи її вплив на економічні показники підприємств, інноваційну активність та можливості ліцензування. Результати дослідження свідчать про те, що підприємства, які активно використовують інтелектуальну власність, демонструють вищі фінансові результати та більшу активність. Однак, існують бар’єри, такі як високі витрати на патентування та складність правозастосування, які знижують мотивацію до захисту інновацій. В статті також пропонуються рекомендації для подолання цих бар'єрів та ефективного управління інтелектуальною власністю, що може сприяти розвитку інноваційної діяльності підприємств.
Proses Berpikir Siswa dalam Memperbaiki Kesalahan Generalisasi Pola Linier
Authors: Setiawan Yayan Eryk
Published: May 2024

Masih banyak kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam menggeneralisasi pola linier yang disebabkan fokus pada data numerik. Siswa-siswa yang mengalami kesalahan ini penting diberikan kesempatan kembali untuk memperbaiki kesalahan dalam menggeneralisasi pola linier. Untuk itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis proses berpikir siswa dalam memperbaiki kesalahan generalisasi pola linier. Sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian tersebut, maka penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus terhadap 2 siswa kelas VIII sekolah menengah pertama yang berhasil memperbaiki kesalahan generalisasi pola linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua jenis proses berpikir dalam memperbaiki kesalahan generalisasi pola linier, yaitu memperbaiki dengan menguji dan mencoba, serta memperbaiki dengan mengganti strategi generalisasi. Proses memperbaiki dengan menguji dan mencoba terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu: tahap mencari beda, tahap menguji, dan tahap mencoba. Proses memperbaiki dengan mengganti strategi generalisasi terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu: tahap mencari beda, tahap mengganti strategi generalisasi, dan tahap menemukan rumus suku ke-n. Cara yang paling efektif untuk memperbaiki kesalahan generalisasi pola linier adalah dengan cara mengganti strategi.
Strategi Motivasi Green’s, Gaya Baru Pembelajaran Matematika pada Siswa Kemampuan Rendah di Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Indra , Sari Veny Triyana Andika
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan deskripsi mengenai pembelajaran matematika yang menerapkan strategi motivasi Green’s mampu mendorong siswa yang memiliki kemampuan rendah semangat saat pembelajaran berlangsung. Gambaran pada artikel ini berupa penjelasan yang lebih rinci dibandingkan artikel sebelumnya, karena adanya foto siswa yang memperlihatkan tanggapan positif pada saat pembelajaran matematika menggunakan strategi motivasi Green’s berlangsung. Metode pembelajaran matematika dengan strategi motivasi Green’s terdiri dari empat prinsip yaitu mengukapkan bukti dari permasalahan, tersampaikannya aspirasi tinggi, memberikan opini (komentar) dan memberikan nilai atau hadiah. Metode penelitian berupa kualitatif dasar. Hasilnya berupa pendeskripsian pembelajaran matematika dengan menerapkan Green’s Motivational Strategies merupakan gaya baru pembelajaran matematika karena dapat memunculkan motivasi dan kepercayaan diri. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran matematika dengan menerapkan strategi motivasi Green’s perlu dipertimbangkan untuk menjadi salah satu pembelajaran matematika gaya baru khususnya pada pendidikan matematika Indonesia.
Penerapan Model Murder Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Analisis Dan Evaluasi Matematis Siswa SMP
Authors: Setiyani  , Sagita Laela , Herdiawati Indriani Eka
Published: May 2024

Ditinjau dari aspek kognitif, kemampuan analisis dan kemampuan evaluasi matematis merupakan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi yang perlu mendapat perhatian. Peningkatan kedua kemampuan tersebut perlu didukung oleh model pembelajaran yang tepat, salah satunya model MURDER. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui aktivitas siswa selama pembelajaran matematika menggunakan model MURDER, peningkatan kemampuan analisis, dan peningkatan kemampuan evaluasi matematis. Metode yang digunakan yaitu eksperimen, dengan desain One Group Pretest and Postest. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Mandirancan dengan sampel random sampling sebanyak 36 siswa. Instrumen penelitian diantaranya tes kemampuan analisis matematis, tes kemampuan evaluasi matematis, dan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aktivitas siswa dengan model MURDER mengalami peningkatan setiap pertemuan. Rata-rata persentase aktivitas siswa pada pertemuan pertama sebesar 73%, pertemuan kedua sebesar 76%, pertemuan ketiga sebesar 80%. Selanjutnya, terdapat peningkatan kemampuan analisis matematis dengan rata-rata 0.75, interpretasi tinggi dan terdapat peningkatan kemampuan evaluasi matematis dengan rata-rata mencapai 0.69, interpretasi sedang. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, model MURDER efektif diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan analisis dan evaluasi matematis siswa SMP.
Analisis Miskonsepsi Siswa SMP pada Materi Operasi Hitung Bentuk Aljabar
Authors: Sari Herikeu Meidia , Afriansyah Ekasatya Aldila
Published: May 2024

Rendahnya kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi operasi hitung bentuk aljabar menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang ditemui saat belajar materi Aljabar. Banyak miskonsepsi yang ditemukan pada materi operasi hitung bentuk aljabar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk miskonsepsi yang dialami siswa pada materi operasi hitung bentuk aljabar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Cibatu kelas VII-H yang berjumlah sebanyak 32 siswa dengan 3 siswa dipilih secara purposive sampling untuk dijadikan partisipan pilihan. Teknik analisis data secara deskriptif melihat hasil jawaban siswa, hasil wawancara, serta dokumentasi menggunakan model Miles and Huberman, sehingga triangulasi data terpenuhi. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan beberapa miskonsepsi yang dialami siswa pada materi operasi hitung bentuk aljabar yang dikategorikan dalam empat jenis, diantaranya miskonsepsi generalisasi, miskonsepi notasi, miskonsepsi pengartian huruf dan misonsepsi aplikasi aturan. Diketahuinya keempat miskonsepsi ini diharapkan guru-guru dapat lebih waspada saat mengajar materi aljabar terhadap keempat miskonsepsi ini.
Perbedaan Peningkatan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis dan Self-Confidence antara Siswa yang Mendapatkan DL dan PBL
Authors: Dewi Ranti Santika , Sundayana Rostina , Nuraeni Reni
Published: May 2024

Rendahnya kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan Self Confidence siswa berpengaruh terhadap prestasi dalam pembelajaran matematika. Perlu upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi dan Self Confidence siswa salah satunya dengan menggunakan model Discovery Learning dan Problem Based Learning. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan Self Confidence antara siswa yang mendapatkan model Discovery Learning dan Problem Based Learning. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Garut. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak dua kelas yaitu X MIPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 sebanyak 35 siswa yang mendapat model Discovery Learning dan X MIPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen 2 sebanyak 33 siswa yang mendapat model Problem Based Learning. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa tes uraian dan angket skala Bandura. Berdasarkan hasil analisis secara statistik diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis antara siswa yang mendapatkan model Discovery Learning dan Problem Based Learning serta terdapat perbedaan peningkatan Self Confidence antara siswa yang mendapatkan model Discovery Learning dan Problem Based Learning.
Effects of sediment disturbance by the heart urchin Echinocardium cordatum on the sediment–seawater solute exchange: an exclusion experiment
Authors: McLeod Roen , Simone Michelle , Vopel Kay
Published: May 2024

Spatangoid heart urchins are dominant bioturbators in marine soft-sediment ecosystems worldwide. Their repeated sediment reworking prevents biogeochemical sediment stratification and colonisation by other species, with implications for sedimentary reaction processes that affect the local sediment–seawater solute exchange. Here, we used a simple exclusion experiment to investigate how a subtidal _Echinocardium cordatum_ population (18.2 ± 6.7 individuals m-2), foraging at an individual speed of ~45 cm per day affects the sediment–seawater solute exchange. To do so, we removed all heart urchins from eight one-meter-diameter areas of the 10-m deep seafloor of Man O’War Bay, Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, and prevented recolonisation and hence sediment reworking for 56 days. Subsequently, we measured the sediment–seawater exchange of O2, NO3–, NO2–, NH4+, and N2 both within and outside the exclusion areas, under light or dark conditions, and found no difference. The absence of a legacy effect of foraging _E. cordatum_ after their removal suggests that, at least in this habitat, their influence on the sediment–seawater solute exchange may be limited to sediment being displaced in the immediate surrounding of the urchin. This unexpected result underlines the importance of evaluating the influence of bioturbators on the sediment–seawater solute exchange in the context of local environmental conditions, animal behaviour, and population characteristics.
Accounting for Unequal Academic Performance: Government and Private Students in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Abdulfetah , Abera Mikyas
Published: May 2024

Parental socioeconomic status, residence, gender, and type of school, among others, have been identified to affect students’ academic performance. This article aims at explaining the effects of cultural, economic, and social capital on the academic performance of students attending government and private preparatory schools in Dire Dawa city, Ethiopia. Employing Bourdieu’s analytical framework of cultural capital, it interprets and reports empirical data gathered through desk review, survey, key informant interview (KII), and focus group discussion (FGD), and draws conclusions between students’ inherited background and academic performance in government and private schools. The article reports that parents of private school students had significantly better cultural, economic, and social capitals that correspond with their children’s superior academic performances compared to parents of government school students. On the other hand, private schools reportedly had strong academic orientation, provided quality education, and actively involved parents in supervising and supporting children’s education. With better school organization and management that provides quality education, effective learning facilities, supervision, and support to students of well-to-do families, private-schools are not only ensuring better academic outcomes for these children but also arguably conceal the functional correspondence between inherited privileges and academic performance and play potent transliteration function for cultural reproduction of privileged groups.
Women’s Struggles through Collective Action in The Gambia, 1950s to 1970
Authors: Janneh Fatou
Published: May 2024

Women have a long history of organizing collective action in The Gambia. This article argues that, since authorities failed to serve women’s interests, Gambian women resorted to using collective action to overcome their challenges through kafoolu and kompins [women’s grassroots organizations] operating in rural and urban areas. They shifted their efforts towards organizations that focused on social and political change. These women’s organizations grew significantly as they helped women to promote social and economic empowerment. Women cultivated political patronage with male political leaders to achieve their goals. Political leaders who needed popular support to buttress their power under the new republican government cashed in patronage. Despite their efforts in politics, there is very limited research on women’s political contribution to The Gambia, especially through activism. This paper adds much needed data to this discourse by discussing the collective action of Gambian women in their struggles to gain “voice.” Thus, this study relies on primary data from oral interviews. Secondary sources, such as academic journals, and books, provide context to the study.
Guinea’s Gold Sheds Light on the Difficulties of Reforming North-South Exploitation
Authors: Benedikter Roland
Published: May 2024

Guinea is an exemplary case of North-South exploitation, as well as of the ambiguities involved on both sides. This is what is shown by the case of its foreign-stored gold reserves and the dubious attempts of Guinea’s current military junta to take back control. The solution lies in reforms on both sides.
Food Security and the Right to Food during Covid-19 in Africa
Authors: Agejoh Patrick , Njieassam Esther
Published: May 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) a global pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. The Covid-19 pandemic is a human crisis that poses substantial threats to the health, food security and nutrition of the people of the African continent. Our concerns are to the fact that food insecurity and lack of adequate financial resources to provide basic socio-economic needs is exacerbated by the COVID-19. Just like the 2007-2008 global financial crisis that took many by surprise so also is the COVID-19 causing misery for the most vulnerable in the world. This paper assesses the African governments’ response to Covid-19 and asserts that although measures taken to curb the spread of the virus seemed effective to some extent, these directives have left the African continent more vulnerable to food insecurity. Legal and policy measures to balance public responsibility to provide for the citizens and to stop the spread of the pandemic are crucial. This research also interrogates African governmental efforts in accordance with international and domestic laws. The paper concludes that some of the regulations imposed by the state violate people’s rights to food security.
Recovering Stronger: Indonesia’s Economic Diplomacy towards Ethiopia in the Post-pandemic Era
Authors: Ramadan Iqbal , Anggraeni Silvia Dian
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought severe effects on the international trade sector. Many countries have suffered losses because of bilateral and multilateral trade imbalances. Indonesia and its strategic partner, Ethiopia, are among the countries affected by the spread of the pandemic. This article discusses Indonesia’s economic diplomacy strategy for improving trade relations with Ethiopia. Ethiopia is one of the Indonesia’s strategic partners in the African continent. The authors use the concept of economic diplomacy to explain Indonesia’s strategy for rebuilding bilateral trade between the two countries. This article offers an argument that a state can leverage its economic diplomacy in the post-pandemic era by focusing on collaboration between the government and the private sector to penetrate the targeted market, promote competitive products, and increase cooperation, particularly in the health sector. To be more specific, the Indonesian government should focus its economic diplomacy towards Ethiopia in these three areas to improve the trade balance following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Exploring Suitable Electoral Systems for Promotion of Women’s Representation in Tanzania and Rwanda
Authors: Lihiru Victoria Melkisedeck
Published: May 2024

This article explores suitable electoral system(s) for the promotion of women’s representation in the Tanzania and Rwanda from a legal standpoint. The scrutiny of international law finds an absence of legal guidance on the favorable electoral system for enhancing the participation of women in elections, except trivially under the 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The Declaration calls for states and parties to adopt electoral systems that encourage political parties to nominate women candidates. The first-past-the-post (FPTP) electoral system as applied in Tanzania operates without candidate gender thresholds, and consequently does not encourage political parties to nominate women candidates. While the proportional representation (PR) electoral system has placed Rwanda as a global leader in women’s representation in parliament, the system is set at 30 percent and does not expressly decree the gender quota or the positioning of women in the political parties’ candidate lists. This article discusses the advantages and challenges associated with the FPTP electoral system as well as the PR electoral system in Tanzania and Rwanda respectively, in light of international law principles, and offers recommendations on needed adjustments.
Zimbabwe’s Economic Crisis and the Shebeen Sector in Bulawayo, 2007-08
Authors: Moyo Melody , Chimhete Nathaniel
Published: May 2024

Between 2000 and 2008 Zimbabwe experienced an economic crisis that reached its peak in 2007 and 2008. Africanists who have written about the informal sector in general and those who have written about the informal sector during periods of economic crises in particular have emphasized the inverse relationship between the formal economy and the expansion of informal sectors: that economic problems in the formal sectors of the economy led to the expansion of the informal sectors. This meta narrative, however, obscures the experiences of other sectors of the economy during the same period. Using primarily interviews with shebeen owners, patrons, and newspaper reports, this article argues that the same crisis that led to the expansion of other sectors of the economy destroyed the shebeen sector in Bulawayo. This was because the crisis reduced many people’s disposable income, a development which forced many imbibers to change their drinking habits and patterns as they turned to cheaper illegally imported spirits with high alcohol content and to drugs – commodities then not sold in shebeens.
Health and Safety Compliance in Tanzania: Regulatory Impediments in the Construction Sector
Authors: Gervas Aloyce , Torm Nina , Kinyondo Godbertha
Published: May 2024

In Tanzania, poor enforcement of occupational health and safety (OHS) regulations has been associated with weak regulatory systems as well as lack of proper procedures on construction sites. However, the role of health and safety actors including organisational structures as enabling or disabling factors are under researched. This study employed qualitative research approach to discern the role of health and safety actors together with reasons for poor OHS enforcement on construction sites. Semi-structured interviews collected data from several health and safety actors within the sector. The salient findings from the study indicate that while legislation for enforcement of OHS exists, there is demonstrated lack of coordination including focus on formality, insufficient resources and overlapping roles regarding management of OHS. Power relations exercised by elected officials over regulators exacerbate these to influence public policy and purposeful violation of rules as a form of informal welfare policy for largely informal workers. This study recommends a need for promotion of safety leadership and behavioral change together with adequate supply of health and safety resources to the whole organisational system. Planning, tendering, designing and implementation stages of construction projects should embrace safety culture.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis Niloticus) BAKAR DI KOTA TALUK KUANTAN
Authors: Hadi Nariman , Sasmi Meli , Kesambamula Eldipama
Published: May 2024

Indonesia  merupakan  negara  kepulauan yang memiliki  sumber  daya  perikanan darat dan   laut. Ikan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus)   adalah salah satu jenis ikan yang air tawar yang tergolong ekonomis, memiliki daging tebal, rasa yang enak dan digemari masyarakat. Di Kota Taluk Kuantan, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi,  usaha ikan nila bakar mengalami perkembangan yang pesat, banyak yang tertarik untuk menjalankan usaha ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui   pendapatan, nilai efisiensi dan BEP usaha ikan nila bakar. Masalah yang dihadapi adalah tingginya  harga bahan baku, sulitnya mendapatkan ukuran ikan yang homogen dan tingginya tingkat kompetisi dari usaha sejenis. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis biaya, analisis pendapatan, efisiensi, dan BEP. Kesimpulan, total biaya yang dikeluarkan Rp 393.822,-/produksi, pendapatan kotor Rp 556.667,-/produksi, pendapatan bersih Rp 162.774,-/produksi. Nilai Efisiensi 1,36, artinya setiap Rp. 1,- modal yang dikeluarkan  akan diperoleh pendapatan kotor Rp 1,36,- dengan pendapatan bersih Rp 0,36,-/produksi. BEP produksi  5, 6 kg/produksi artinya pengusaha ikan nila bakar harus  memproduksi di atas 5, 6 kg untuk memperoleh keuntungan dan sudah tercapai, karena produksi rata-rata adalah 8,0 kg/produksi., Nilai BEP harga Rp. 54.493,-/kg, artinya pengusaha harus menjual ikan nila bakar diatas harga Rp 54.493,-/kg untuk memperoleh keuntungan, sudah tercapai karena harga jual rata-rata saat ini adalah Rp.73.335/kg.
Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has land and sea fisheries resources. Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) is a type of freshwater fish that is classified as economical, has thick flesh, delicious taste and is popular with the public. In Kuantan Taluk City, Kuantan Singingi Regency, the grilled tilapia fish business is experiencing rapid development, many are interested in running this business. This research aims to determine the income, efficiency value and BEP of the grilled tilapia fish business. The problems faced are the high price of raw materials, the difficulty of getting homogeneous fish sizes and the high level of competition from similar businesses. The data analysis used is cost analysis, income analysis, efficiency, and BEP. Conclusion, total costs incurred are IDR 393,822,-/production, gross income IDR 556,667,-/production, net income IDR 162,774,-/production. The Efficiency Value is 1.36, meaning that every Rp. 1.- capital issued will result in a gross income of IDR 1.36,- with a net income of IDR 0.36,-/production. BEP production of 5.6 kg/production means that grilled tilapia entrepreneurs must produce above 5.6 kg to make a profit and this has been achieved, because the average production is 8.0 kg/production. The BEP value is IDR. 54,493,-/kg, meaning that entrepreneurs must sell grilled tilapia above the price of IDR 54,493,-/kg to make a profit, which has been achieved because the current average selling price is IDR 73,335/kg.
The Barriers Enactment Quizizz Apps in EFL Classroom
Authors: Trifadli Mochamad zachki , Oktaviani saputri Agni , Mochammad Zackhi Trifadli  , Misdi  , Nurjannah Nunung
Published: May 2024

The aim of this research is to determine teachers' challenges when learning English using technology in the classroom. The data for this study is drawn from the reflections of English teachers who have taught in secondary schools, as well as being private teachers for 2-3 years. The research was conducted using a qualitative phenomenological design. Participants in this research were three professional teachers in Cirebon. The findings show the complexities faced by English teachers in integrating educational apps, e.g., quizizz, into their teaching strategies, emphasizing the need for relevant learning methods tailored to student comfort.
The Impacts of Explicit Strategy Instruction on Reading Performance from Students Perspective: A Case Study
Authors: Huynh Thi Long Ha , Do Thi Xuan Dung , Nguyen Vo Hoang Anh , Nguyen Pham Thanh Van
Published: May 2024

This paper reported on part of a larger study to explore how Vietnamese non-English major students perceived the impacts of explicit strategy instruction (ESI) on reading comprehension. Instruction on reading strategies was conducted for 6 weeks in which students were taught explicitly previewing and predicting, skimming, scanning, guessing the meaning of the unknown words from the context and summarizing strategies. Data were collected from forty-five non-English major students at a university in Vietnam through group interviews and learning reflections. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted in groups of three to four students, and thirty-nine learning reflections were collected to obtain in-depth information about the impact of the ESI. The findings revealed that, after the instruction, the students reported using various reading strategies in four strategy categories, namely problem-solving, global, support and local strategies. In addition, the ESI was perceived to be cognitively beneficial, as students reported heightened awareness of using reading strategies in reading comprehension, expanded reading strategy repertoire, greater reading fluency, and higher reading scores. From a non-cognitive affective perspective, students reported that the ESI motivated them to read with a higher level of confidence and become more autonomous in reading in English. The study offers implications for teachers, students and materials writers in teaching and learning English reading skills in non-English major learning contexts and perhaps in other settings.
Investigating the Writing Skills Alternative Assessment Strategies used in Moroccan ESP Classrooms: Teachers’ Perceptions and Prevailing Practices
Authors: EL OUARDI Nabil , Rachid BENDRAOU  , Khalid HICHAM  , SAKALE SANA
Published: May 2024

Assessment is the backbone of the learning-teaching process. Several studies have proven that assessment goes hand in hand with learning. Classroom assessment can be either traditionally of learning or formatively an ongoing process for learning. The current study explores the writing skills alternative assessment strategies used by Moroccan English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teachers in their classrooms. To reach this, the study seeks to explore Moroccan ESP practitioners’ perceptions and prevailing practices of writing skills alternative assessment strategies. Similarly, the study tries to identify possible challenges that impede the proper implementation of alternative assessment pedagogy in the Moroccan ESP context. Following a qualitative research design, the current paper deploys semi-structured interviews to collect data from 10 ESP instructors working in different higher institutes and universities in Morocco. The findings reveal that the participants possess favorable opinions regarding alternative assessment methods of writing skills. Nevertheless, these optimistic viewpoints are not clearly reflected in their assessment practices. The research paper can benefit both practitioners and policymakers in the field of education.
Moving Beyond Official Cultural Diplomacy: Unleashing the Potential of Moroccan Students as Unofficial Cultural Ambassadors
Authors: El Hassani Kawtar El Bakkali , Laalou Anass
Published: May 2024

Cultural diplomacy plays a pivotal role in international relations, enabling states to project their soft power and shape their global image. This paper explores the current state of Moroccan cultural diplomacy, highlighting the need to go beyond official approaches and embrace unofficial cultural diplomacy. While extensive research exists on official cultural diplomacy, little attention has been given to the contribution of Moroccan study-abroad students in bolstering their country's cultural diplomacy and soft power. More specifically, this paper argues that Morocco's cultural diplomacy is primarily politically oriented and institutionally based, relying heavily on the monarchy and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The strategic utilization of Morocco's cultural and religious heritage and diaspora politics showcases the government's efforts to secure its regional and global influence. However, these initiatives are largely driven by official institutions and lack the involvement of ordinary citizens. By examining the limitations of official cultural diplomacy, this paper argues for the inclusion of Moroccan study-abroad students as unofficial ambassadors in the service of their country’s cultural diplomacy. Drawing inspiration from successful examples of unofficial diplomacy, this paper advocates for the active participation of Moroccan study-abroad students as unofficial cultural ambassadors. Their unique perspectives, connections, and grassroots status can offer valuable contributions that official diplomats may not possess. This research paper contends that Moroccan study-abroad students have many resources of power that qualify them to leverage their country’s cultural diplomacy. These resources are informality and grassroots engagement, volunteering and community service, and the power of the virtual sphere. By utilizing these power resources, these students have the potential to foster cross-cultural understanding, build relationships, and enhance Morocco's soft power. In conclusion, this paper highlights the need for a paradigm shift in Morocco's cultural diplomacy, advocating for a combination of both official and unofficial cultural diplomacies.