bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Politics of Reading: Cultural Politics of Homelessness
Authors: Phillips Richard
Published: March 2003

Reading opens up important avenues for political action. Reading is political in the sense that social groups produce and resist, advance and censor readings of key cultural texts, according to their power to do so and their interests in doing so. This paper examines the politics of reading in relation to cultural politics of homeless‐ness. It does so by considering readers and readings of Johnny Go Home (1975), a British television documentary drama about homeless young people, and a cultural text that was open to different readings and political uses. Like many other representations of homeless people, Johnny Go Home revolved around a small number of stereotypes. However, these stereotypes were interpreted and used differently by different readers, according to their power to read and their interests in doing so. Broadly distinct interpretive communities, identified as liberal and conservative, used their respective readings of the programme to advance different solutions to contemporary homelessness. These readings were put to significant legislative use,for they were mobilised in the formal and informal political discourse that culminated in Britain's first direct legislation on behalf of homeless people. More generally, the various readings of Johnny Go Home underline the political significance of the consumption, as well as the production, of representations.
The Digital Generation?: Children, ICT and the Everyday Nature of Social Exclusion
Authors: Valentine Gill , Holloway Sarah , Bingham Nick
Published: March 2003

In this paper we explore the potentially inclusionary and exclusionary implications of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) for children through an examination of ICT policies and practices within UK schools. We begin by outlining the rhetoric of inclusion evident in UK government policy and by reflecting on how these discourses are mobilised in three case‐study schools. We go on to consider issues of social exclusion, demonstrating that both material and social factors can prevent access to appropriate computer technology. In particular, we emphasise the importance of the way that children negotiate the meanings and use of computers through their everyday practices within the classroom. The paper concludes by arguing that only when we recognise that children’s use of computers is about not only the broad‐scale distribution of resources but also children’s everyday social relations can we hope to institute policies that promote an inclusive ‘information society’.
Relationship changes between lowlander and hill tribes in Xishuangbanna, P.R. China
Authors: Kui Cai
Published: March 2003

Xishuangbanna, which is well known for its ethnic diversity, is located in the upper reaches of the Mekong River. Dai lowlanders make up one third of the total population, 13 other indigenous highland groups make up another third and the balance are Han Chinese. The research on which this paper is based was conducted in three villages, Dai, Hani and Jinuo communities and designed to explore the changing relationships between lowlanders and highlanders. It was found that over the past five decades two critical events triggered profound changes. One was liberation by the Chinese Communist Party in 1950, and the other the land and economic reform policies introduced at the beginning of the 1980s.
Slashing and burning: developmental transformations of population‐environment relationships in Indonesia
Authors: Hayes Adrian C.
Published: March 2003

There is growing concern that rapid development may be doing irreparable harm to life support systems and the environment throughout much of the Asia Pacific region. This paper briefly examines how the development policies of the New Order government of Indonesia have transformed the way the country exploits and manages its environmental resources.
Nation and nationalism in China
Authors: Harris Peter
Published: March 2003

Books Reviewed

Jonathan Unger (ed.), Chinese Nationalism

Prasenjit Duara, Rescuing history from the nation: Questioning narratives of modern China

Germain A. Hoston, The state, identity and the national question in China and Japan

Stevan Harrell, (ed.) Cultural encounters on China’s ethnic frontiers

Alan M. Wachman, Taiwan: National identity and democratization

David Faure and Helen F. Siu (eds.), Down to earth: The territorial bond in South China
Information dissemination and communication in stakeholder participation: the Bohol‐Cebu water supply project
Authors: Fisher Karen T. , Urich Peter B.
Published: March 2003

Development theories in the 1990s embrace a much more people‐centred perspective than in previous decades. At the same time, foreign direct investment is increasingly being touted as a new form of development assistance, and transnational corporations as new aid agents. However, the ideology of the free market is incongruous with the people‐centredness of contemporary development theory. The result is a polarisation between participatory development and market driven paradigms. This study introduced the models of instrumental and transformative participation and the way they influence information flow and communication. These models are used to examine a project proponent’s and stakeholder’s actions in a privatised development setting, using a Philippine case study. The case study is the Bohol‐Cebu water supply project, a project of water capture, treatment, and transmission, linking the islands of Bohol and Cebu. Communication and information dissemination between the project proponent and stakeholders is viewed under the requirements of Philippine legislation for participation in development. The findings from this research suggest that the proponent tended to exclude or only partially include affected stakeholders in the development process. Sources of information were often nongovernmental organisations, the Church, and, in many instances, the media. The proponent’s method of disseminating information was primarily to target the municipal or provincial government level, thus disenfranchising the ‘grass roots’
Beyond large‐city‐centred urbanisation: in situ transformationof rural areas in Fujian Province
Authors: Zhu Yu
Published: March 2003

This paper explores China’s in situ urbanisation and its implications for the paradigm of extended metropolitan areas. Based on preliminary results of the 2000 census, field surveys and interviews, government statistics and documents, and direct observation in Fujian Province of China, a region without much influence of mega‐cities, the analysis shows that in situ urbanisation resulting from the transformation of rural settlements has played an important role since the 1980s. The paper examines major factors contributing to the process of in situ urbanisation, especially the development of township and village enterprises, government policies and foreign investment. Some underlying conditions, such as local historical and geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, high population density and improvement in transport and communications, are also discussed, and the future prospect of the urbanisation pattern in the context of local economic restructuring and urbanisation strategies in the new century is gauged. The paper also assesses the relevance of the paradigm of extended metropolitan areas to the urbanisation pattern, and suggests the need for a conceptual framework focusing on the urbanisation process resulting from bottom‐up rural developments.
Power and poverty: the Shapla Neer experience
Authors: Scheyvens Henry
Published: March 2003

This report to the Poverty, Prosperity and Progress conference examines the village–level development programmes of Shapla Neer, a Japanese NGO which has been operating in Bangladesh since independence in 1971. Shapla Neer’s experiences offer hard–won lessons for development practitioners: the need for effective targeting; the desirability of self–employment as a livelihood option for poor households; the necessity of close monitoring; the need to target women; and the need for the poor to gain a political voice. An overarching lesson is that development programmes will be most successful when their design is based on an understanding of the relationship between power and poverty.
Factor Proportions and East Asian Industrialization: A Note
Authors: Hill Hal , Phillips Prue
Published: March 2003

This note assesses the robustness of factor proportions classifications in international comparisons. The issue is examined with reference to five East Asian economies experiencing rapid industrialization and upgrading, and for a range of labour‐intensive and near labour‐intensive industries. We conclude that most of the rankings are consistent with a priori expectations. Moreover, there has been no major and systemic alteration in these rankings in the period under study.
Measuring the Benefits and Costs of Foreign Direct Investment – With Reference to Malaysia
Authors: Shiong Tan Tok
Published: March 2003

The effects of foreign direct investment in developing countries can be studied by using the with/without investment scenario. Many of the effects are quantifiable and can be measured using cost benefit technique. A sample of foreign projects was analysed in this paper. Important benefits of foreign direct investment to a home country are income tax payments by foreign specialists, corporate tax on the project after the tax holiday period, cheaper high quality locally manufactured import substitutes and the backward linkages to domestic industries. These positive benefits are measured using the Little‐Mirrlees method, and are weighted against the negative ones, including losses suffered by the local entrepreneurs because of greater competition for labour and potential increased market concentration. The research concluded that the positive benefits of foreign direct investment are far higher than the negative ones, and similar investment should be strongly encouraged.
An Analysis of the Structure of Interest Rates in Taiwan: An Application of the Vector ARIMA Model
Authors: Yang Ya‐Hwei
Published: March 2003

The structure of interest rates in Taiwan is analysed through the vector ARIMA approach using monthly and quarterly data from 1978 to 1989. These rates are the regulated bank interest rate and unregulated money market interest rates in the formal financial market and the kerb rate in the informal market. The results show that the adjustments in the bank interest rate follow that of the money market interest rate. Furthermore, the time lag has been shortened from one quarter in the early stages of interest rate liberalization in Taiwan to only one month in the later stages. Increases in the money market interest rate might be followed by an increase in the kerb market interest rate because of partial market segmentation. In periods when there is excess supply of funds in the banking sector, an increase in the bank rate might be followed by a decrease of the kerb rate. The interest rates structure of Taiwan is relevant to developing countries which have an informal financial sector.
Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Prices in Malaysia: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Mansor
Published: March 2003

The article investigates the dynamic interactions between seven macroeconomic variables and the stock prices for an emerging market, Malaysia, using cointegration and Granger causality tests. The results strongly suggest informational inefficiency in the Malaysian market. The bivariate analysis suggests cointegration between the stock prices and three macroeconomic variables – consumer prices, credit aggregates and official reserves. From bivariate error‐correction models, we note the reactions of the stock prices to deviations from the long run equilibrium. These results are further strengthened when we extend the analysis to multivariate settings. We also note some evidence that the stock prices are Granger‐caused by changes in the official reserves and exchange rates in the short run.
Tax Policies and Informal Employment: The Asian Experience
Authors: Ihrig Jane , Moe Karine S.
Published: March 2003

This paper develops and estimates a model linking tax policies to the size of the informal sector. Our results suggest that informal employment responds to the strength of enforcement and, to a lesser extent, to tax rates. Looking across sectors, we find service sector informal employment responds to both changes in tax rates and enforcement, while manufacturing sector informal employment responds only to enforcement. Quantitatively, changes in enforcement affect the manufacturing informal sector more than the service sector. These results are robust to various measures of informal employment and hold for other countries outside of Asia as well. Since informal employment (and hence output) is related to a country's GDP, these results suggest that policy makers should consider the effect of their policies on the size of the informal sector.

JEL classification: O17; O53; H26
Popular psychological tests and self‐fulfilling prophecy: An experiment of Japanese female undergraduate students
Authors: Sakamoto Akira , Miura Shino , Sakamoto Katsura , Mori Tsutako
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not the feedback of the results of popular psychological tests influences human behavior, and to compare the strength of any influence with that of academic psychological tests. We conducted an experiment in which 64 female Japanese subjects took a popular or academic psychological test, and then interacted with a stranger. The subjects who took each test received bogus feedback implying that they were extroverted or introverted. The results showed that subjects who received the extroversion feedback were more interactive with a stranger than those who received the introversion feedback, irrespective of whether they had taken the popular or academic test. This suggests that the feedback of popular psychological tests, like that of academic tests, can influence human behavior and create a self‐fulfilling prophecy. The results also showed that those subjects who took the popular psychological tests reported higher psychological well‐being than those who took the academic tests.
Issues in the study of indigenous psychologies: historical perspectives, cultural interdependence and institutional regulations
Authors: Shams Manfusa
Published: March 2003

This paper aims to present a critical analysis of the development of indigenous psychologies within the western and non–western contexts. The rhetoric of indigenous psychologies is cross–examined to include historical perspectives, cultural interdependence and institutional regulations. The paper also examines the processes of psychologizing indigenous views that are largely regulated by the powerful social agencies. The paper endeavors to draw a link between historical perspectives and post–historical cultural interdependence in order to explicate the contentious issues of ‘micro and macro indigenous psychologies’, both within and beyond western indigenous psychologies. The importance of the cross–fertilization of knowledge from diverse indigenous psychologies for the development of a global indigenous psychology is reaffirmed.
Regional Initiatives and US Trade Policy in Asia
Authors: Saxonhouse Gary R.
Published: March 2003

This article gives an account of US trade policy towards Asia, with particular reference to regional preferential trading agreements. The outcome of fifteen years of US pursuit of regional trade policies could possibly be a network of preferential trade arrangements centred around the USA; a more likely outcome is an increasingly strengthened multilateral system based on the World Trade Organisation (WTO). A stronger WTO may prove capable of constraining even its most powerful members. This outcome is certainly in the long‐term interest of the USA.
Economic Co‐operation in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Authors: Than Mya
Published: March 2003

This paper reviews the available literature on economic co‐operation among the six riparian countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) in terms of trade, foreign direct investment and tourism. Since, among the participating countries, Laos and Myanmar are new members of ASEAN, Cambodia is to become a member and Thailand and Vietnam are already members, economic co‐operation with the other members of ASEAN is also relevant. The final section of the paper comments on the future prospects, problems, and challenges.
Targeting Poverty
Authors: Warr Peter G.
Published: March 2003

Poverty reduction has been adopted as the official objective of many multilateral and bilateral development institutions. This paper argues that this focus needs to be clarified, especially the distinction between absolute and relative poverty. It argues that reduction of absolute poverty should be one of the objectives of foreign assistance, but not the sole objective. First, measures of absolute poverty are highly limited in scope. Second, the resources of foreign aid are fungible when recipient governments reallocate their own resources in response to the aid. Third, bilateral aid should reflect all the foreign policy objectives of the donor country.
Indonesia's Crisis: Implications for the Region
Authors: Soesastro Hadi
Published: March 2003

What began as a currency crisis in Indonesia in the third quarter of 1997 rapidly turned into a deep financial crisis with wide‐ranging economic and social impacts, and finally became a serious political crisis that exploded in May 1998, forcing President Soeharto to resign. Soeharto's departure, however, did not resolve the crisis. He left behind an economy in shambles, a serious political vacuum and a highly polarised society. The issues to be dealt with are wide‐ranging, including the loss of Indonesia's position in the international system, the domination of industry by foreign capital and the imposition by the IMF of a certain model of economic development. Regional and international aspects of the crisis have not become an issue in the public debate and policy discourse in Indonesia. This article looks at these implications.
Energy in the Asian‐Pacific Region
Authors: Kemeny Leslie G.
Published: March 2003

The Asian‐Pacific region is undergoing massive development. Most of the nations in the area have growing populations and growing economies. Many nations in the region are changing from a low‐energy, village‐based agrarian lifestyle to one of high‐energy usage which is manufacturing and urban‐based. This paper discusses the impact of demographic and social change on the energy supply and demand patterns in the region, on global energy resources and on the trade in those resources.
Large Deviation Results for Statistics of Short‐ and Long‐memory Gaussian Processes
Authors: Sato Toshiyuki , Kakizawa Yoshihide , Taniguchi Masanobu
Published: March 2003

This paper discusses the large deviation principle of several important statistics for short‐ and long‐memory Gaussian processes. First, large deviation theorems for the log‐likelihood ratio and quadratic forms for a short‐memory Gaussian process with mean function are proved. Their asymptotics are described by the large deviation rate functions. Since they are complicated, they are numerically evaluated and illustrated using the Maple V system (Char et al., 1991a,b). Second, the large deviation theorem of the log‐likelihood ratio statistic for a long‐memory Gaussian process with constant mean is proved. The asymptotics of the long‐memory case differ greatly from those of the short‐memory case. The maximum likelihood estimator of a spectral parameter for a short‐memory Gaussian stationary process is asymptotically efficient in the sense of Bahadur.
Robust Confidence Intervals for Regression Parameters
Authors: Field Christopher A. , Welsh A.H.
Published: March 2003

The paper considers the problem of finding accurate small sample confidence intervals for regression parameters. Its approach is to construct conditional intervals with good robustness characteristics. This robustness is obtained by the choice of the density under which the conditional interval is computed. Both bounded influence and S‐estimate style intervals are given. The required tail area computations are carried out using the results of DiCiccio, Field & Fraser (1990).
Certain Inverse Multivariate Hypergeometric and Multinomial Distributions
Authors: Konijn H.S.
Published: March 2003

A sample is drawn from a population in such a way that it contains at least certain numbers from certain of its subpopulations. This paper obtains the frequency function of the number of units in the sample and its distribution over the subpopulations, and suggests some applications.
Theory & Methods: A Perturbation Approach to Outlier Detection in Two‐Way Contingency Tables
Authors: Lee Andy H. , Yick John S.
Published: March 2003

In order to identify outliers in contingency tables, we evaluate the derivatives of the perturbation‐formed surface of the Pearson goodness‐of‐fit statistic. The resulting diagnostics are shown to be less susceptible to masking and swamping problems than residual‐based measures. A Monte Carlo study further confirms the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostics.
Theory & Methods: Rank Correlation — an Alternative Measure
Authors: Blest David C.
Published: March 2003

Within the bounds of a general theory of rank correlation two particular measures have been adopted widely: Spearman7apos;s rank correlation coefficient, ρ in which ranks replace variates in Pearson's product‐moment correlation calculation; and Kendall's τ in which the disarray of x‐ordered data due to a y‐ordering is measured by counting the minimum number, s; of transpositions (interchanges between adjacent ranks) of the y‐ordering sufficient to recover the x‐ordering. Based on insights from the calculation of Kendall's coefficient, this paper develops a graphical approach which leads to a new rank correlation coefficient akin to that of Spearman. This measure appears to stand outside general theorybut has greater power of discrimination amongst differing reorderings of the data whilst simultaneously being strongly correlated with both ρ and τ. The development is focused on situations where agreement over ordering is more important for top place getters than for those lower down the order as, for example, in subjectively judged Olympic events such as ice skating. The basic properties of the proposed coefficient are identified.
Theory & Methods: Probabilities of Failure in Mixed Acceptance Sampling Schemes
Authors: Constantine A.G. , Field J.B.F. , Robinson N.I.
Published: March 2003

Mixed acceptance sampling schemes are commonly used for consumer protection. In a typical application, a sample is taken from a product lot and tested to check that the average value of the sample is not less than the labelled net content, and that there is no ‘unreasonable’ deficiency in any individual item. Exact and approximate expressions are obtained for the probabilities of failure or success under such schemes and under a variety of conditions.
Markov Sampling
Authors: Deshmukh S.R.
Published: March 2003

A discrete parameter stochastic process is observed at epochs of visits to a specified state in an independent two‐state Markov chain. It is established that the family of finite dimensional distributions of the process derived in this way, referred to as Markov sampling, uniquely determines the stochastic structure of the original process. Using this identifiability, it is shown that if the derived process is Markov, then the original process is also Markov and if the derived process is strictly stationary then so is the original.
Theory & Methods: Krige, Smooth, Both or Neither?
Authors: Altman Naomi
Published: March 2003

Both kriging and non‐parametric regression smoothing can model a non‐stationary regression function with spatially correlated errors. However comparisons have mainly been based on ordinary kriging and smoothing with uncorrelated errors. Ordinary kriging attributes smoothness of the response to spatial autocorrelation whereas non‐parametric regression attributes trends to a smooth regression function. For spatial processes it is reasonable to suppose that the response is due to both trend and autocorrelation. This paper reviews methodology for non‐parametric regression with autocorrelated errors which is a natural compromise between the two methods. Re‐analysis of the one‐dimensional stationary spatial data of Laslett (1994) and a clearly non‐stationary time series demonstrates the rather surprising result that for these data, ordinary kriging outperforms more computationally intensive models including both universal kriging and correlated splines for spatial prediction. For estimating the regression function, non‐parametric regression provides adaptive estimation, but the autocorrelation must be accounted for in selecting the smoothing parameter.
Computation of the Generalized F Distribution
Authors: Dunkl Charles F. , Ramirez Donald E.
Published: March 2003

Exact expressions for the cumulative distribution function of a random variable of the form (α1X1+α2X2)/Y are given where X1, X2 and Y are independent chi‐squared random variables. The expressions are applied to the detection of joint outliers and Hotelling's mis‐specified T2 distribution.
Theory & Methods: Tree‐based wavelet regression for correlated data using the minimum description length principle
Authors: Lee Thomas C.M.
Published: March 2003

This paper considers the problem of non‐parametric regression using wavelet techniques. Its main contribution is the proposal of a new wavelet estimation procedure for recovering functions corrupted by correlated noise, although a similar procedure for independent noise is also presented. Two special features of the proposed procedure are that it imposes a so‐called ‘tree constraint’ on the wavelet coefficients and that it uses the minimum description length principle to define its ‘best’ estimate. The proposed procedure is empirically compared with some existing wavelet estimation procedures, for the cases of independent and correlated noise.
Theory & Methods: Estimation of the Stochastic Volatility Model by the Empirical Characteristic Function Method
Authors: Knight John L. , Satchell Stephen E. , Yu Jun
Published: March 2003

The stochastic volatility model has no closed form for its likelihood and hence the maximum likelihood estimation method is difficult to implement. However, it can be shown that the model has a known characteristic function. As a consequence, the model is estimable via the empirical characteristic function. In this paper, the characteristic function of the model is derived and the estimation procedure is discussed. An application is considered for daily returns of Australian/New Zealand dollar exchange rate. Model checking suggests that the stochastic volatility model together with the empirical characteristic function estimates fit the data well.
The decline of economic complementarity? Australia and Britain 1945—1952
Authors: Robertson Paul L.
Published: March 2003

At the end of the Second World War, Australia implemented a development program designed to improve the nation’s defence capabilities through a rapid increase in population and the growth of manufacturing industry. These plans were contrary to the vision of `complementarity’ promoted by the United Kingdom, in which the British economy would export manufactured goods to other members of the Commonwealth in return for primary products. Despite British objections, the Chifley government persevered in its development policy although Australia did control the level and origin of its imports to fit the availability of dollars within the Sterling Area. In the early 1950s, however, the Menzies government attacked the autarchic policies of the Sterling Area, first by arranging to borrow dollars directly from the World Bank, and later by calling for an abandonment of the inward focus of the Sterling Area.
Contracting: The Queensland Housing Commission Experience, 1945—1957
Authors: Hollander Robyn
Published: March 2003

The practice of public sector contracting has a long history in Australia. The analysis of the experience of one agency, the Queensland Housing Commission (QHC), highlights the role of market conditions in shaping outcomes. The building industry had been severely disrupted by World War II and the demand for accommodation far exceeded supply. The QHC found it difficult to secure the services of builders and was forced to move away from competitive tendering. In these circumstances, it was forced to depend on the contract to protect its interests. However, the contracts between the QHC and its contractors did not accommodate all contingencies and failure carried economic and political costs for the Queensland Government.
A Long‐run Analysis of Cooperative Housing Societies and Housing Construction in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Abbott Malcolm , Doucouliagos Chris
Published: March 2003

Housing construction is an important component of economic development. The use of cooperative housing societies is one means of channelling scarce financial resources to housing construction. The aim of this paper is to explore the causes of the rapid growth and subsequent decline of the cooperative housing societies as a source of housing finance in the State of Victoria in Australia during the years 1947 to 1992. Significant evidence is established of a strong relationship between the availability of funding for the societies and the growth of their assets. Mixed results are presented for the impact on the general level of housing construction.
Imagined Peasants – Production and Markets in Rural Asia
Authors: Morgan Stephen
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:

R.E.(Robert Edward) Elson, The end of the peasantry in Southeast Asia: a social and economic history of peasant livelihood, 1800–1900s

Yiping Huang, Agricultural Reform in China: Getting Institutions Right. Trade and Development Series
The Class of 96: A Biographical Analysis of New Government Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Authors: Pickering Paul A.
Published: March 2003

The 1996 federal election brought thirty‐six new government members into the House of Representatives. The size of the "Class of 96" provides an opportunity for a comparison of biographical characteristics, looking for common experiences and backgrounds, as well as for an exploration of similarities and differences with previous cohorts of Coalition MPs. This examination will suggest that, in biographical terms, the "Class of 96" represents a significant new development in Australian politics. Further, a detailed analysis of the first speeches of the members of the "Class of 96" provides a window into the minds of those who have sought and achieved office on behalf of the Liberal and National parties after thirteen years in the political wilderness.
The Response to Terrorism as a Threat to Liberal Democracy
Authors: Chalk Peter
Published: March 2003

When dealing with terrorism as a threat to liberal democracy, it is a common assumption that it is the terrorists — who by definition refuse the rules of the liberal democratic “game”— who pose the greatest threat to the underlying principles and freedoms that are enshrined in this form of political life. However, in instances where the state fails to ensure that its response to terrorism is limited, well‐defined and controlled, it is likely that institutionalised counter‐terrorist policies will pose an even greater threat to the political and civil traditions that are central to the liberal democratic way of life. This paper demonstrates the potential danger by examining three cases when counter‐terrorist policies initiated by (supposedly) liberal democratic entities came dangerously close to transplanting subversive terror from “below” with institutionalised, bureaucratised terror from “above”: the “strategy of tension” initiated in Italy between 1969 and 1974; the Spanish “dirty war” against ETA between 1983 and 1987; and the abandonment of democratic rule in Peru between 1992 and 1996. The paper concludes that ultimately the effectiveness of the liberal democratic state's response to terrorism depends on its acceptability. It is therefore paramount that any solution which is initiated is made with due regard to the long term impact that it will have on the wider process of liberal democratic life.
The French Churches and the Jewish Question: July 1940 — March 1941
Authors: Adler Jacques
Published: March 2003

This article examines why, following the military defeat of June 1940, the French Catholic Church remained silent as race laws were introduced, whereas before the war it had publicly rejected racism and opposed antisemitism. A number of reasons accounted for it. A strong conviction prevailed in its ranks that the regime which had then emerged offered a unique opportunity to resume preeminence in French society and regain rights formerly denied under the Republic. It took two years for members of the clergy to recognise that by its prolonged silence the Church had in fact jettisoned its traditional views on ‘justice and charity’ for all men. It was only after the deportation to the death camps of over fifty thousand Jews that it finally raised its voice up on their behalf.
Gender, Civil War and National Identity: Women Partisans during the Greek Civil War 1946–1949
Authors: Poulos (Anagnostopoulou) Margaret
Published: March 2003

This paper focuses on the recovery of the experience of partisan women who fought in the lines of the communist‐led Greek Democratic Army (GDA) during the Greek Civil War (1946–1949). It is an extract from a research project which examines the extent to which the symbolism of Greek women in arms has informed the various waves of feminist discourse which have emerged since the founding of the modern Greek nation state. More specifically this work employs the image of the Greek woman warrior as an analytical category to investigate the relationship between militarism, nationalism and Greek feminist politics in relation to key nation‐building conflicts of the modern Greek period. As such it belongs to the realm of scholarship informed by an understanding of ‘gender’ and ‘nation’ as constructed and contested relational systems of cultural and social meanings. Together the two systems not only shape the political culture in historically specific ways but also legitimate and limit the access of (groups of) people — women as well as men — to national movements as well as to the resources of the nation‐state. This paper concentrates specifically on the heavily mythologised women of the GDA. It pays special attention to the historical association of their rebellion with national citizenship rights in post‐war Greece.
Hong Kong Workers toward 1997: Unionisation, Labour Activism and Political Participation under the China Factor
Authors: Chan Ming K.
Published: March 2003

This essay delineates the three related areas on Hong Kong's labour front, unionisation, labour activism and political participation, which have been transformed by the new China factor of 1997 sovereignty retrocession and economic integration. During the last two decades, the decolonisation‐democratisation processes have rapidly politicised organised labour to such an extent that political unionism displaced social unionism as the hallmark of the Hong Kong labour movement. Yet, under the impact of economic recession and restructuring with high unemployment and wage freeze, the struggle for livelihood concerns may become the bedrock for labour activism in China's Hong Kong into the 21st century.
“The word makes the man”: A Catalan Anarchist Autodidact in the Australian Bush
Authors: Keene Judith
Published: March 2003

This paper examines the interplay between the life and ideas of a Catalan anarchist and autodidact, Salvador Torrents, who migrated to Australia in 1915. Until his death in 1951, Torrents, from his isolated farm in North Queensland, contributed regular commentaries and articles in libertarian newspapers in Spain, France and the United States. With the exception of the years of the Spanish civil war, Torrents remained outside mainstream Australian labour politics. Like many non‐English speaking immigrants, a lack of the language was an obstacle to participation. As well, as an anarchist, Torrents considered political parties and electoral politics a waste of time in achieving social and political change. Instead he propounded, and practised, the transformative powers of self‐education and the revolutionary role of the autodidact in fomenting radical change. His ideas had been forged in the turbulent politics of Catalonia in the first decades of the century. In Australia he continued to apply the same analysis in what he perceived as the similar context which Southern European immigrants confronted in North Queensland. Although invisible on the Australian Left, Torrents functioned as a left wing intellectual, contributing to a particular public discourse, which took place in a space that was separated from the mainstream Australian Left by language and different radical traditions.
Back to the Future, Again: Reagan, Bush, and Nader
Authors: O'Connor Brendon
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:

Kiron K. Skinner, Annelise Anderson and Martin Anderson, (eds.)Reagan, in his own hand: The writings of Ronald Reagan that Reveal His Revolutionary Vision for America

Elizabeth Mitchell,W: Revenge of the Bush Dynasty

Molly Ivins and Lou Dubose,Shrub: The Short but Happy Political Life of George W. Bush

Nicholas Lemann,Sons: George W. Bush and Al Gore

Ralph Nader,Cutting Corporate Welfare
Caught in the Act: The Smoking Gun View of Ministerial Responsibility
Authors: Thompson Elaine , Tillotsen Greg
Published: March 2003

While any discussion of ministerial responsibility must in part focus on ministerial resignations, finding out when ministers resign is only the tip of the iceberg. A full assessment of ministerial responsibility would look at the relations between ministers and their senior bureaucrats, as discussed in Bill Blick’s article. It would look at the impact of managerialism on ministerial accountability, especially in the light of privatisation and contracting out. It would assess the impact of other mechanisms of accountability, including the senate. The subject of this article must always be put into a broader context. This article concentrates on ministerial resignations drawing on evidence from Britain, Canada, the federal government in Australia and the government of New South Wales. When do ministers resign?
Ethics and Public Sector Management: The Western Australian Experience
Authors: Haynes Bruce , Jones Helen Melville
Published: March 2003

This paper considers two specific difficulties in developing a code of ethics for the public sector, the contested nature of the values to be expressed in a code of ethics and the organisational demands of a corporate managerialist framework which uses performance indicators. Using the example of the Western Australian public sector code of ethics, the authors conclude that a good strategy for developing a public sector code of ethics will recognise contestability, demonstrate philosophical integrity in the code, mesh the code with identified performance indicators and provide whistleblower protection. The strategy described provides a sufficient framework for any public sector bureaucracy to develop a justifiable code of ethics for use by public sector employees.
Two Models of Contemporary Public Service Wage Determination in Australia
Authors: Hawkes David
Published: March 2003

Rather than taking Louise Thornthwaite and Robyn Hollander (AJPA June 1998) to task, I need to chide them gently for failing to acknowledge two other jurisdictions in Australia – the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory. Had they canvassed the Northern Territory’s experience, they may well have concluded that there are in fact three models of public sector wage determination, not two. They may have also concluded that the Northern Territory’s rather unique adaptation of the federal system under the Workplace Relations Act represents something more than an approach dictated by its relatively small size and that it arguably represents the best of both the other models. May I suggest that Thornthwaite and Hollander, or others, could usefully explore the question as to whether the approaches adopted by the various jurisdictions have produced worthwhile results for both employers and employees.
An Evaluation Crucible: Evaluating Policy Advice in Australian Central Agencies
Authors: Di Francesco Michael
Published: March 2003

Policy advice is a core function of government that until quite recently remained outside the formal processes of performance evaluation. Evaluation, by its very nature, is designed to question both the effectiveness and relevance of government activities; applying it to policy advice opens up a traditionally confidential and politically sensitive arena. This paper reports on an evaluation experiment in Australian government — policy management reviews (PMRs) — that sought to evaluate the quality of central agency policy advice. It traces the development of the PMR model around interdepartmental committee processes, the bureaucratic politics that diluted the focus on policy outcomes, and examines how central agencies steered evaluation away from questions of public accountability towards arrangements for achieving more effective control of the processes underpinning production of advice. By targeting the process rather than outcomes of policy advising, PMRs sought unsuccessfully to adhere to the divide between management and policy and, in doing so, marked out the limits to performance evaluation.
New Public Management Meets Civic Discontent? TheAustralian Public Service in 1999
Authors: Curtin Jennifer
Published: March 2003

The new millennium brings with it an irresistible urge to reflect. In particular, to reflect on the social, political and economic dimensions of our lives. We recently revisited our constitutional beginnings and chose to retain what our forefathers bequeathed to us. Yet, by contrast, with respect to the way our nation state is administered, we have witnessed significant change. We now have a public service that our forefathers would barely recognise.
Productivity: The Missing Link in Enterprise Bargaining for the NSW Police
Authors: Doyle Bryan
Published: March 2003

The promised productivity gains of enterprise bargaining have yet to be realised by the NSW Police Service and its staff. This failure can be traced to a lack of understanding of workplace reform and productivity. Karpin (1995:3) forecast that improvement in management skills in Australia was required for growth. Enterprise bargaining demands increased productivity. Productivity demands performance management, which involves increased accountability with the establishment of practical performance indicators. As such, productivity and performance management are interrelated and require clear objectives (Directions in Government 1992a:26).
Deficit by Design
Authors: Hindess Barry
Published: March 2003

This paper focuses on the distinguishing concern of the discourse of democratic deficit: namely, that there appear to be some striking discrepancies between democratic norms and institutional practice. I argue in this paper that the problem of democratic deficit is in fact the normal condition of the institutions of representative government. Indeed, early arguments in favour of representative government insist that it departs from and is superior to democracy itself. If representative government provides the predominant modern understanding of democracy, then democratic deficit is an integral part of its design.
‘The Responsive Public Servant’: Coombs the Man, Coombs the Report
Authors: Rowse Tim
Published: March 2003

In the light of the Coombs Royal Commission’s failure to establish a central proposition, and subsequent contradictory attempts by academics to find one, Rowse offers the tension between the public servant and the public intellectual, manifest in Coombs’ career, as a possible prototype of the ‘responsive public servant’.
Pricing Outputs: A Case Study in Law Enforcement
Authors: McFadden Michael , Mwesigye Sue–Ellen , Williamson Gordon
Published: March 2003

This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of economic evaluation as a measurement methodology within the Australian government’s outcome and output framework including preliminary benefit–cost analysis of Australian Federal Police investigations. The results suggest that the Australian Federal Police is returning over $5 to the community for every dollar invested in fraud and drug investigations. It is concluded that benefit–cost analysis is a useful tool for comparing the price of an output to the value of an outcome. The method has limitations. Not all outcomes will admit of easy assessment and the information may be difficult to collect. However, the use of surrogate measures and extrapolation of results may overcome most of these limitations.
The IPAA/University of Canberra Public Administration Research Fund
Authors: Wettenhall Roger
Published: March 2003

A report issued in 1996 commemorated the 10th Anniversary of this Fund, outlining its origins and purpose, briefly identifying the 21 recipients of grants from the Fund up to that time, and describing the projects for which the grants were awarded and outcomes of those grants (IPAA/UC 1996). The Fund has now run for more than another five years, and it is appropriate to report again on its activities; the Management Committee is grateful to the editors of AJPA for making space available for this report.
Bioethics And Law: A Developmental Perspective
Authors: Van Der Burg Wibren
Published: March 2003

In most Western countries, health law bioethics are strongly intertwined. This strong connection is the result of some specific factors that, in the early years of these disciplines, facilitated a rapid development of both. In this paper, I analyse these factors and construe a development theory existing of three phases, or ideal‐typical models.

In the moralistic‐paternalistic model, there is almost no health law of explicit medical ethics and the little law there is is usually based on traditional morality, combined with paternalist motives, the objections to this modal are that its paternalism and moralism are unacceptable, that it is too static and knows no external control mechanisms.

In the liberal model, which is now dominant on most Western countries, law and ethics closely cooperate and converge, both disciplines use the same framework for analysis: they are product‐oriented rather than practice‐oriented; they use the same conceptual categories, they focus on the minimally decent rather than the ideal, and they are committed to the same substantive normative theory in which patient autonomy and patient rights are central. However, each of these four characteristics also result in a certain one‐sidedness.

In some countries, a third model is emerging. In this postliberal model, health law is more modest and acknowledges its inherent and normative limits, whereas ethics takes a richer and most ambitious self image. As a result health law and ethics will partly diverge again.