bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Privacy Information Security Classification for Internet of Things Based on Internet Data
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Qu Zhaowei , Li Qi , Hui Pan
Published: August 2015

A lot of privacy protection technologies have been proposed, but most of them are independent and aim at protecting some specific privacy. There is hardly enough deep study into the attributes of privacy. To minimize the damage and influence of the privacy disclosure, the important and sensitive privacy should be a priori preserved if all privacy pieces cannot be preserved. This paper focuses on studying the attributes of the privacy and proposes privacy information security classification (PISC) model. The privacy is classified into four security classifications by PISC, and each classification has its security goal, respectively. Google search engine is taken as the research platform to collect the related data for study. Based on the data from the search engine, we got the security classifications of 53 pieces of privacy.
The Anti-Inflammatory Effect ofPrunus yedoensisBark Extract on Adipose Tissue in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Kang Hee , Kwak Tae-Kyung , Kim Bo-Geun , Lee Kyung-Jin
Published: August 2015

Chronic, low-grade inflammatory responses occur in obese adipose tissue and play a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance. Macrophages exposed to high glucose upregulate the expression of SRA, a macrophage-specific scavenger receptor. The present study investigated whetherPrunus yedoensis(PY) bark extract affects the inflammatory response and scavenger receptor gene expression observed in a diet-induced obesity modelin vivo. Oral administration of PY extract significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels without a change in body weight in mice fed a high fat diet for 17 weeks. PY extract significantly suppressed expression of inflammatory and macrophage genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and F4/80 in epididymal adipose tissue. Among scavenger receptor genes, SRA expression was significantly reduced. The inhibitory responses of PY extract and its fractions were determined through evaluation of scavenger receptor expression in THP-1 cells. PY extract and its ethyl acetate fraction decreased the levels of SRA mRNA and phospho-ERK1/2 during monocyte differentiation. Our data indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of PY extract and its downregulation of SRA seem to account for its hypoglycemic effects.
Heterochromatin Protein HP1γ Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression and Is Regulated by miR-30a
Authors: Liu Ming , Huang Feifei , Zhang Dan , Ju Junyi , Wu Xiao-Bin , Wang Ying , Wang Yadong , Wu Yupeng , Nie Min , Li Zhuchen , Ma Chi , Chen Xi , Zhou Jin-Yong , Tan Renxiang , Yang Bo-Lin , Zen Ke , Zhang Chen-Yu , Chen Yu-Gen , Zhao Quan
Published: September 2015

Colorectal cancer pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that the heterochromatin protein HP1γ is upregulated commonly in human colorectal cancer, where it promotes cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Gene-expression and promoter-binding experiments demonstrated that HP1γ directly regulated CDKN1A (p21Waf1/Cip1) in a manner associated with methylation of histone H3K9 on its promoter. We identified miR-30a as a tumor-suppressive microRNA that targets HP1γ in vitro and in vivo to specifically suppress the growth of colorectal cancer in mouse xenograft models. MiR-30a was widely downregulated in primary human colorectal cancer tissues, where its expression correlated inversely with high levels of HP1γ protein. Our results identify a new miR-30a/HP1γ/p21 regulatory axis controlling colorectal cancer development, which may offer prognostic and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Res; 75(21); 4593–604. ©2015 AACR.
Effects of Switching to Electronic Cigarettes with and without Concurrent Smoking on Exposure to Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide, and Acrolein
Authors: McRobbie Hayden , Phillips Anna , Goniewicz Maciej L. , Smith Katie Myers , Knight-West Oliver , Przulj Dunja , Hajek Peter
Published: September 2015

Concern has been raised about the presence of toxicants in electronic cigarette (EC) aerosol, particularly carbonyl compounds (e.g., acrolein) that can be produced by heating glycerol and glycols used in e-liquids. We investigated exposure to carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine (by measuring cotinine in urine), and to acrolein (by measuring its primary metabolite, S-(3-hydroxypropyl)mercapturic acid (3-HPMA) in urine) before and after 4 weeks of EC (green smoke, a “cig-a-like” EC, labeled 2.4% nicotine by volume) use, in 40 smokers. Thirty-three participants were using EC at 4 weeks after quitting, 16 (48%) were abstinent (CO-validated) from smoking during the previous week (EC only users), and 17 (52%) were “dual users.” A significant reduction in CO was observed in EC-only users [–12 ppm, 95% confidence interval (CI), –16 to –7, 80% decrease) and dual users (–12 ppm, 95%CI, –19 to –6, 52% decrease). Cotinine levels also declined, but to a lesser extent (EC-only users: –184 ng/mg creatinine; 95% CI, –733 to –365, 17% decrease; and dual users: –976 ng/mg creatinine; 95%CI, –1,682 to –270, 44% decrease). Mean 3-HPMA levels had decreased at 4 weeks by 1,280 ng/mg creatinine (95%CI, –1,699 to –861, 79% decrease) in EC-only users and by 1,474 ng/mg creatinine (95%CI, –2,101 to –847, 60% decrease) in dual users. In dual users, EC use significantly reduced exposure to CO and acrolein because of a reduction in smoke intake. EC may reduce harm even in smokers who continue to smoke, but long-term follow-up studies are needed to confirm this. Cancer Prev Res; 8(9); 873–8. ©2015 AACR.
Ozurdex for the Treatment of a Patient with Birdshot Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Moisseiev Elad , Moshiri Ala
Published: September 2015

We report a 57-year-old patient with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR) who was treated with bilateral Ozurdex injections. The patient's vitritis resolved, and visual acuity improved following this treatment. This is only the second case report focused on the treatment of BCR with Ozurdex and the first to report its use for treating vitritis. A concise review of the literature on the use of intravitreal steroids for this disease is provided. This case serves to report the clinical usefulness of Ozurdex in treating posterior vitritis associated with BCR even in the absence of macular edema.
Analysis of Residual/Recurrent Disease and Its Risk Factors after Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure for High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Wu Jin , Jia Ying , Luo Ming , Duan Zhaoning
Published: September 2015

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze residual/recurrent disease and its risk factors as well as the appropriate frequency of follow-up cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) tests after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for CIN2/3. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 835 patients with CIN2/3 who were treated with LEEP. Post-LEEP follow-up was performed using liquid-based cytology tests or/and HPV DNA tests. Residual/recurrent disease was defined as biopsy-proven CIN2/3; cervical cancer and vulval intraepithelial neoplasia were not considered as residual/recurrent cases. Results: CIN2/3 was detected in 19/835 (2.3%) patients during follow-up. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, post-treatment CIN2/3 was significantly more likely in cases of preoperative HPV-16 infection (OR 8.208, 95% CI 1.514-44.489), positive excision margins (OR 4.811, 95% CI 1.154-20.258), persistent HPV infection (OR 5.231, 95% CI 1.141-23.976) and abnormal liquid-based cytology tests at 3-month follow-up (OR 16.495, 95% CI 3.689-73.764). Conclusion: Some factors, such as HPV-16 infection, positive excision margins, persistent HPV infection and abnormal liquid-based cytology tests at 3-month follow-up, appeared to be strong risk factors for residual/recurrent CIN2/3 after LEEP. Therefore, patients who undergo LEEP for CIN and follow-up 3 months after LEEP should be assessed for these high-risk factors.
Bilateral Simultaneous Retinal Detachment in Pseudophakia
Authors: Paquet Patrick , Fischer Marie T. , Distelmaier Peter , Mammen Antje , Meyer Linda M. , Schönfeld Carl-Ludwig
Published: September 2015

Cataract surgery is the most frequent surgical intervention, with approximately 700,000 operations per year in Germany alone. One of the most serious complications is retinal detachment, with a reported incidence rate of pseudophakic retinal detachment of 0.75-1.65%. We report the case of a patient who suffered from a simultaneous bilateral pseudophakic retinal detachment. Interestingly, the bilateral detachments in the left and the right eye started with only some hours' delay. He had no acute trigger for the retinal detachment and no risk factors besides the cataract surgery performed on both eyes some weeks earlier. Simultaneous bilateral retinal detachments will be more common, due to increasing numbers of cataract surgeries and the demographic development. We conclude that funduscopy should be regularly performed in mydriasis to avoid sight-threatening simultaneous bilateral retinal detachments.
Nuevos migrantes, viejos racismos: Los mapas parlantes y la niñez migrante en Chile
Authors: Suárez-Cabrera Dery Lorena
Published: September 2015

(descriptivo): El objetivo en este texto es exponer cómo la niñez migrante está siendo confgurada como un nuevo sujeto problemático de los fenómenos migratorios en Chile, a partir de una focalización sobre la niñez proveniente del Perú y de la invisibilización de otros sujetos infantiles, señalando cuándo la migración es concebida como una amenaza desde diferentes escenarios sociales. En este sentido se expone una refexión epistemológica y metodológica que lleva hacia otros senderos de las ciencias sociales y del “conocimiento como emancipación”, para retomar los mapas parlantes de la “Investigación Acción Participativa”; esto se hace con el fn de poner en relieve tales discursos estigmatizantes y visibilizar a la niñez migrante como sujeto de la experiencia desde sus narrativas identitarias
Trachyphyllum carinatum Dix. new to China
Authors: Redfearn, Jr. Paul L.
Published: September 2015

Trachyphyllum carinatum Dix. is reported new to China from Xishuangbanna.
Bryophytes of Uganda. 2. New and interesting records
Authors: Porley R. D. , O’Shea B. J. , Wigginton M. J. , Matcham H. W. , Hodgetts N. G. , Stevenson C. R.
Published: August 2015

51 hepatics and 46 mosses are reported new to Uganda, including one moss new to Africa, one hepatic and two mosses new to mainland Africa, and 2 hepatics that are otherwise known only from their type collection.
Influence of Cladonia substellata Vainio extracts and usnic acid on germination and growth of Allium cepa L. seedlings

Authors: Yano-Melo Adriana Mayumi , Vicente Carlos , Xavier-Filho Lauro
Published: August 2015

The effect of lichen extracts obtained from Cladonia substellata and its main constituent, usnic acid, on the germination and growth of onion (Allium cepa L.) seedlings was investigated. No significant inhibitory effect of the lichen extracts and usnic acid on germination was found, except of usnic acid at the concentration of 726.7 mM. Growth inhibition of the radicle and of the hypocotyl of the seedlings was found for the total extract and for usnic acid in concentrations of 290.6 mM and 726.7 mM.
Key to Latin American species of Bazzania S. F. Gray

Authors: Bernecker-Lücking Andrea
Published: August 2015

A new key to neotropical species of the genus Bazzania, based on the descriptions by Fulford (1946, 1963), is provided. A list of the treated species is added.
Dynamic Capability as a Business Strategy Enhancing the Business Performance (A Conceptual Approach)
Authors: Arief Muhtosim , Basuki Yerki Teguh
Published: September 2015

This paper provides perspectives on business strategy and a theoretical rationale for the strategic development of an industry organisation to respond of increasing external environmental pressure. This paper is a conceptual approach using grounded theory, also sending a questioners
and interviews were held with 30 FMCG top leaders of organization to explore of perspectives on the strategic development in the industry organisation. The data were complemented by documentary analysis of strategic plans and articles on the industries organisation. Strategic perspectives
highlighted the themes of effective organisational development (organisational capability): governance, people development, financial performance, operations, service delivery and external relations; and the dynamic capabilities framework of capability exploitation (extracting maximum economic
returns from current resources) and capability exploration (development of new capabilities). The study suggests that environmental pressure moderates the relationship between dynamic capabilities, business strategy and business performance, this perspective provides the much needed theoretical
rationale that can be an aid to management undertaking to build competitive industry organisations to increasing the business performance. While the research approach may limit generalisability. The decision maker now have an alternative option to sustained their business, instead of closed
their business.
Impression Management of the Taste and Ambience of Traditional Indonesian Restaurant
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Bhernadetta Pravita , Widyakususmastuti Maria Anggia
Published: September 2015

This research aims to find out how the traditional restaurant owners present the authenticity of flavor and culture through the atmospherics elements and what challenges that are faced by them in bringing the authenticity flavor and culture. This research is a descriptive study with
a qualitative approach. This study will provide a conceptual contribution to the study of the introduction of communication science and to contribute the thought on how to convey the authenticity of Indonesian traditional flavor and culture, considering that the authenticity cannot be determine
objectively. The validity of the study uses a standard of credibility with its own specifications. Presenting the authenticity flavor is not an easy task to do. Restaurant owners should present the elements of atmospherics that emphasize the ability of the senses of visual, aural, and olfactory,
that would be capture the stimuli in both the interior and exterior of the restaurant, music, as well as the scent of the fragrance of flowers and food. In addition to the atmospherics elements, traditional restaurant owners specially bring and use certain ingredients, such as soy, rice, tofu,
crackers, and tea, to keep the authenticity of the taste of Indonesian cuisine.
Perceived Operational Risk Management and Customer Complaints in Malaysian Conventional Banking Industry
Authors: Abdul Rahim Noor Fareen , Haron Hasnah , Mohamed Zainal Siti Rohaida
Published: September 2015

The management of operational risk is not a new practice; it has always been important for banks to try to prevent fraud, and reduce errors in transaction processing in order to preserve the best quality services for their customers, and also to reduce huge losses. Ignoring the errors
and operational risk will lead to customer complaints, losing potential and remaining customers and will jeopardize the bank sustainability in the long run. Thus the objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between perceived operational risk management and customer complaints.
Resource Base theory is use in examining the relationships between perceived operational risk management and customer complaints. The survey questionnaires were emailed to branch managers and assistant managers of 650 local commercial bank branches across Malaysia and 132 fully completed survey
questionnaires were received. Data was analyzed using multiple regressions. The study found that the banks have perceived operational risk management with a mean of 4.56, and can be concluded as very important in bank branches across Malaysia. As for the relationship of perceived operational
risk management to customer complaints, it was found that the practice of hazard identification and formulation of implementation of risk control has a significant negative relationship to customer complaints as hypothesized. From the present study, management can formulate policies or strategies
that can be used to mitigate risk in the bank and to enhance customer satisfaction in terms of services rendered by the tellers.
An Integrated Model of Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning Capability, Organizational Innovativeness, and Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Authors: Elidjen . , Polla Gerardus , Alamsjah Firdaus , Beng Jap Tji
Published: September 2015

Nowadays, business competition is increasingly competitive and unstable. Organizations are faced with a lot of product variants and better services from competitors and shorter product life cycles while the cost to produce the product or service is getting higher because of the additional
cost required to innovate to anticipate the business competition. Organizations need to strengthen their organizational innovativeness through knowledge management capability and organizational learning capability to enhance sustainable competitive advantage. The methodology used was literature
research and some personal experience and interpretations. The proposed model hopefully contributes to enrich its intellectual study of knowledge management, organizational learning, organizational innovativeness, and sustainable competitive advantage.
Financial Inclusion: Study from Indonesia
Authors: Sun Yen
Published: September 2015

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the implementation of financial inclusion in Indonesia. Data consists of Micro Enterprises (MEs) with revenue less than 300 million per year. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection through literature review, surveys,
and interviews. Results show that the urgent needs of MEs is credit facility, but only 39% MEs has experienced credit facility from banks. Further, age and length of business are demographic characteristics that can explain financial inclusion. The most barriers in implementing financial inclusion
in Indonesia are the complex requirement from banks.
Development of Mobile School Parent Desk Using 7C Framework
Authors: Ongowarsito Henkie
Published: September 2015

Customers are very important for the success of an educational institution or company. An educational institution must establish a good relationship with the prospective customer and existing customers in order to maintain and grow customer loyalty. The purpose of this research is to
identify the features of an Mobile Parent Desk application needed by parents and school, designing Mobile Parent Desk application according to the needs of parents and the school, implementation plan of a Mobile Parent Desk application. Respondents in this study consisted of two groups: parents
and school. The methods of analysis used in the research are factor analysis, 7C framework, and descriptive statistics. The final result of this research is an e-CRM application-Mobile Parent Desk with features developed from 7C framework.
Short-Channel Tunneling Field-Effect Transistor with Drain-Overlap and Dual-Metal Gate Structure for Low-Power and High-Speed Operations
Authors: Yoon Young Jun , Eun Hye Rim , Seo Jae Hwa , Kang Hee-Sung , Lee Seong Min , Lee Jeongmin , Cho Seongjae , Tae Heung-Sik , Lee Jung-Hee , Kang In Man
Published: September 2015

We have investigated and proposed a highly scaled tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) based on Ge/GaAs heterojunction with a drain overlap to suppress drain-induced barrier thinning (DIBT) and improve low-power (LP) performance. The highly scaled TFET with a drain overlap achieves
lower leakage tunneling current because of the decrease in tunneling events between the source and drain, whereas a typical short-channel TFET suffers from a great deal of tunneling leakage current due to the DIBT at the off-state. However, the drain overlap inevitably increases the gate-to-drain
capacitance (Cgd) because of the increase in the overlap capacitance (Cov) and inversion capacitance (Cinv). Thus, in this work, a dual-metal gate structure is additionally applied along with the drain overlap. The current performance and
the total gate capacitance (Cgg) of the device with a dual-metal gate can be possibly controlled by adjusting the metal gate workfunction (Φgate) and Φoverlap-gate in the overlapping regions. As a result, the intrinsic delay time
(τ) is greatly reduced by obtaining lower Cgg divided by the on-state current (Ion), i.e., Cgg/Ion. We have successfully demonstrated excellent LP and high-speed performance of a highly scaled TFET by adopting both
drain overlap and dual-metal gate with DIBT minimization.
Manufacture and Evaluation of Light Emitting Diode Package Substrate Using Flexible Printed Circuit Board
Authors: Park Jung-Kab , Shin Jin-Ha , Jung Mun-Gi , Shigehisa Tomabechi , Park Hwa-Sun , Suh Su-Jeong
Published: September 2015

Unlike other light sources such as fluorescent lamps and incandescent bulbs, light-emitting diodes (LED) convert 70∼80% of energy into heat. If the heat produced an LED chip is not effectively released, its luminous efficiency and lifespan are reduced. Therefore, as a method effectively
release heat, an LED PKG substrate containing a heat-releasing material with excellent thermal conductance was fabricated, and its thermal resistance and luminous efficiency were analyzed. In this experiment, a thin polyimide film with excellent ductility was used to fabricate the LED PKG
substrate. A 35-μm-thick Cu foil with excellent thermal conductance was subjected to high temperature and pressure and attached to both sides of the polyimide film. By electroplating Ag or Au, which has excellent thermal conductance, for us as the electrode and heat-releasing material,
LED PKG substrate was fabricated with a thickness of approximately 170 μm. (−40 °C → RT → 120 °C). The results revealed that the LED PKG substrate having a Ag electrode with excellent thermal conductance had an excellent thermal resistance of approximately
4.2 °C/W (Au electrode: 5.6 °C/W). The luminous flux after 100 cycles in the thermal shock test was reduced by approximately 0.09% (Au electrode: 2.77%), indicating that the LED PKG substrate had excellent thermal resistance without any mechanical and material defects in a rapid-temperature-changing
environment. The advantages and excellent thermal resistance can be exploited in cellular phones and LCD panels, and heat-releasing problems in thin panels be solved.
Preparation of GZO/Pt/GZO Multi-Layered Transparent Electrodes and Their Application to Touch Sensor Devices
Authors: Jeong Moon-Ki , Kim Hyun-Seok , Lee Seong Eui , Lee Hee Chul
Published: September 2015

We have proposed, prepared, and characterized Pt-inserted Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) transparent electrodes of GZO/Pt/GZO (GPG) multilayers on glass and flexible plastic substrates. Pt-inserted GZO electrodes showed remarkably decreased resistivity, even though the thickness of the Pt layer
was only a few nm. However, the optical transmittance of the GPG electrodes was degraded with increasing thickness of the Pt layer. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of GZO film and GPG multilayered transparent electrodes on glass substrates were largely affected by post-annealing
conditions such as the ambient and temperature. Post-annealing in a N2 ambient was the most effective treatment for achieving high optical transmittance and low electrical resistivity of the GZO films and GPG structure. Good optical transmittance of 78% and electrical resistivity
of 3.5×10−3 Ω·cm of the GZO electrode were obtained for the 4-nm-thick Pt insertion layer and post-annealing at 400 °C. In addition, touch sensor devices were fabricated by using GPG structures and flexible plastic substrates. The touch sensor devices
exhibited a capacitance ratio of 1.4 between the two states before and after fingertip touching.
The Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on PEDOT:PSS and Its Application to Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cells
Authors: Hwang Ki-Hwan , Seo Hyeon Jin , Nam Sang-Hun , Boo Jin-Hyo
Published: September 2015

Recently, the use of PEDOT:PSS in flexible device electrodes has been reported. PEDOT:PSS treatment consists of a step in which a small amount of surfactant is added to enhance the adhesion between PEDOT:PSS and the substrate or TCO materials. However, basic research into the effect
of the surfactant is lacking. We studied the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at controlled concentrations in aqueous PEDOT:PSS solution and that it enhanced the conductivity in the mixed thin films with surfactant and PEDOT:PSS. The thin films were prepared by the spin coating method.
To study the structural effects on the resulting electrical properties, the thin films were investigated by FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) and AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). At the same time, the electrical properties were investigated using a 4-point probe and solar
simulator.
Epitaxially-Grown Europium-Doped Barium Titanate Films on Various Substrates for Red Emission
Authors: Hwang Kyu-Seog , Jeon Young-Sun , Lee Young-Hwan , Hwangbo Seung , Kim Jin-Tae
Published: September 2015

Intense red photoluminescence under ultraviolet excitation was observed in epitaxially-grown europium-doped perovskite BaTiO3 thin films deposited on the SrTiO3 (100), MgO (100) and sapphire (0001) substrates using metal carboxylate complexes. Precursor films prepared
by spin coating were pyrolyzed at 250 °C for 120 min in argon, followed by final annealing at 850 °C for 60 min in argon. Crystallinity and epitaxy of the films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction –2 scan and pole-figure analysis. Photoluminescence of the
thin films at room temperature under 254 nm was confirmed by a fluorescent spectrophotometer. The obtained epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films on the SrTiO3 (100) and MgO (100) substrates show an intense red-emission lines at 615 nm corresponding to the 5D0
→ 7F2 transitions on Eu3+ with broad bands at 595 and 650 nm.
Structural Anisotropy and Optical Properties of Nonpolar a-Plane GaN Epitaxial Layers
Authors: Seo Yong Gon , Shin Sun Hye , Kim Doo Soo , Yoon Hyung-Do , Hwang Sung-Min , Baik Kwang Hyeon
Published: September 2015

In-plane structural anisotropy is characteristic of nonpolar (1120) a-plane GaN (a-GaN) films grown on r-plane sapphire substrates. The anisotropic peak broadenings of X-ray rocking curves (XRCs) are clearly observed with M- or W-shaped dependence on the azimuth
angles. We investigated the optical properties of both M- and W-shaped a-GaN samples with room and low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The W-shaped a-GaN film showed higher PL intensity and more compressive strain compared to the M-shaped a-GaN film, whereas
the XRC peak widths of the M-shaped a-GaN film on the azimuth angles are lower than those of W-shaped specimens, indicating that better crystalline quality was obtained. We speculate that the PL intensity and strain state of a-GaN layers may be more influenced by the crystallinity
of a specific crystal orientation or direction, especially along the m-axis as opposed to the c-axis. This occurrence is most likely due to anisotropic defect distributions, resulting from differences in dangling bond densities of (0001) and {1-100} facets.
Colorimetric Quantification of Glucose and Cholesterol in Human Blood Using a Nanocomposite Entrapping Magnetic Nanoparticles and Oxidases
Authors: Kim Moon ll , Cho Daeyeon , Park Hyun Gyu
Published: September 2015

In this study, a microscale well-plate colorimetric assay for the multiplexed detection of glucose and cholesterol in clinical human blood samples has been developed. This system utilized onepot nanocomposite entrapping Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as peroxidase
mimetics and glucose oxidase (GOx)/cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) in mesoporous silica to detect glucose and cholesterol in blood samples. The sensing mechanism involves the generation of H2O2 by the catalytic action of an immobilized oxidase on the target molecules in the
sample. This subsequently activates the MNPs in the mesopores, thereby leading to the conversion of the substrate into a colored end product. This strategy is used to detect the target glucose or cholesterol molecules in the concentration range of 15–250 mg/dL. The response is highly
linear and the lower detection limit is 7.5 mg/dL. The aforementioned colorimetric assay is extremely convenient, and it exhibits a high degree of linearity, precision, and reproducibility when employing real human blood samples. Therefore, this assay can be used in clinical practice for the
multiplexed and reliable quantification of glucose and cholesterol.
Synthesis of Gold Nanoflowers Encapsulated with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) Hydrogels
Authors: Bae Saet-Byeol , Lee Sang-Wh
Published: September 2015

In this work, hydrogel-coated gold nanoflowers (AuNFs@hydrogel) were facilely prepared. First, gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) were synthesized by reducing gold acid with ascorbic acid in the presence of chitosan biopolymers, and the chitosan-mediated AuNFs were subsequently conjugated with
oleic acid with carboxylate groups. Finally, the olefin-conjugated AuNFs were encapsulated with P(NIPAM-co-AAC) hydrogels via a radical polymerization reaction with co-monomer ratio of [NIPAM:AAc = 91:9 wt%]. The encapsulated hydrogels had a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) slightly
above the physiological temperature and demonstrated a thermo-sensitive variation of particle size. The hydrogel-coated AuNFs can be utilized as a promising thermo-responsive drug delivery system with a unique optical property. As-prepared samples were characterized by DLS, SEM, TEM, UV-vis
and Zeta potential meter.
Di-Sulfide Linked Polyethylenimine Coated Gold Nanoparticles as a Non-Viral Gene Delivery Agent in NIH-3T3 Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast
Authors: Uthaman Saji , Moon Myeong Ju , Lee Duhwan , Kim Won Jong , Park In-Kyu
Published: September 2015

Di-sulfide linked polyethylenimine coated gold nanoparticles (ssPEI-GNPs) of 20 nm size was prepared in order to deliver the genes to target site. DLS and TEM analysis demonstrated that the GNPs have average size of 13 nm in diameter. Upon coating the GNPs with ssPEI in the weight ratio
of 1:3, the average hydrodynamic diameter of the ssPEI-GNPs was found to 19 ± 1.14 nm and a zeta potential value 41 ± 1.23 mV was observed. TEM analysis of ssPEI-GNPs demonstrated that the nanoparticles have spherical morphology. Thermogravemetric analysis of the prepared ssPEI-GNPs
showed that the estimated composition of the ssPEI coated over the GNPs was approximately 5% (w/w). Gene expression capabilities of the nanoparticles were confirmed by fluorescent microscopy and luciferase assay, which demonstrated the transgene delivery capability of the ssPEI-GNPs. These
results demonstrate that ssPEI-GNPs could be used as gene delivery agent.
The Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Bandgap of Bi3.25La0.75FeTi2O12 Powders
Authors: Song Myoung Geun , Han Jun Young , Bark Chung Wung
Published: September 2015

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the bandgap engineering of ferroelectric oxides to improve absorbance of the solar spectrum, which is governed by their band gap. To enhance the photovoltaic efficiency by tuning the optical bandgap of complex oxides, an attempt
was recently made to reduce the optical band gap of iron doping of lanthanum-modified Bi4Ti3O12-based oxides (Fe-BLT) using oxygen vacancy doping. To study the tunability of the optical band gap from the generation of oxygen vacancies, the thermal treatment
time and temperature were controlled during heat treatment under a vacuum environment. The structural, optical properties of the synthesized podwers were examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Typically, an oxygen vacancy in a complex
oxide can alter their structure very easily. On the other hand, the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of iron-doped bismuth titanate ceramics under optimal conditions (12 h, 800 °C) showed a decrease in optical bandgap from 2.02 eV to 1.8 eV without a corresponding change in their
crystallographic structure. This study suggests that optimal control of the thermal treatment time and temperature critically effects the optical band gap of complex oxides.
Fabrication of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays and Their Application to a Gas Sensor
Authors: Kim Wan-Tae , Kim In-Ho , Choi Won-Youl
Published: September 2015

To improve sensing performance, the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor needs to have amuch bigger specific surface area in the active layer, lower power and higher sensitivity. TiO2 nanotube arrays were used for the active layer of a MOS gas sensor because they are
chemically stable and electrically semi conductive. To obtain clean, open window nanotubes, two-step anodic oxidation was conducted. The diameter of the window and length of the nanotubes were 60 nm and 5.5 μm, respectively. TiO2 nanotube arrays were transplanted by the
SnO2 adhesion layer. The SnO2 adhesion layer had a nanoparticle diameter of 30 nm and a thickness of 4 μm. The sensitivity increased with the CO gas concentration and was 0.061 at 300 ppm. The response was very quick. A power consumption of 80 mW was measured
with an effective gas detection performance.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Doped-ZnO Powder for Advanced Varistor Application
Authors: Anwar M. S. , Ahmed Faheem , Koo Bon Heun
Published: September 2015

The nanocrystalline doped ZnO powder has been synthesized by solution combustion method using sucrose as fuel and zinc acetate as oxidant. The as-prepared nanopowders were characterized by XRD, showing particle size approximately 39 and 48 nm for fuel to oxidant ratio of 1:1 (stoichiometric)
and 2:1 (fuel rich). The powders were compacted and sintered for 9 hours. The sintered samples were characterized by SEM and XRD, showing the presence of spinel (Zn7Sb2O12) and pyroclore (Zn2Bi3Sb3O14) phases at intergranular
spacing. The phase distribution [spinel (Zn7Sb2O12), pyroclore (Zn2Bi3Sb3O14), β-Bi2O3, and δ-Bi2O3] was found to be more homogeneous in case of
samples obtained by adding the stoichiometric amount of fuel. The current–voltage (J–E) characterization shows the high non-linearity coefficient (α) ∼22 and break-down voltage (VB) of ∼0.41 kV/mm for the fuel rich sample.
Deposition of n-Type Bi2Te3 Thin Films on Polyimide by Using RF Magnetron Co-Sputtering Method
Authors: Joo Sung-Jae , Kim Bong Seo , Min Bok-Ki , Oh Min Wook , Lee Ji-Eun , Ryu Byung Ki , Lee Hee Woong , Park Su Dong
Published: September 2015

Bi2Te3 thermoelectric thin films were deposited on the flexible polyimide substrates by RF magnetron co-sputtering of a Bi and a Te targets. The influence of the substrate temperature and RF power on the microstructure, chemical composition, and the thermoelectric
properties of the sputtered films was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and in-plane resistivity/Seebeck coefficient measurement. It was shown that the thermoelectric properties of the films depend sensitively on the
Bi/Te chemical composition ratio and the substrate temperature, and the layered structure was clearly observed from the cross section of the (00L)-oriented, nearly stoichiometric Bi2Te3 films when the substrate temperature is higher than 250 °C. As-deposited Bi2Te3
films deposited at 300 °C show the highest power factor of 0.97 mW/K2m and the Seebeck coefficient of −193 μV/K at 32 °C, which also have (00L) preferred orientation and the layered structure. The durability of the Bi2Te3 films on polyimide
against repeated bending was also tested by monitoring the film resistance, and it was concluded that the Bi2Te3 films are applicable reliably on the curved surfaces with the radius of curvature larger than 5 mm.
The Continuum of Wintertime Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Teleconnection Patterns*,+
Authors: Chang Chueh-Hsin , Johnson Nathaniel C.
Published: September 2015

This study uses the method of self-organizing maps (SOMs) to categorize the June–August atmospheric teleconnections in the 500-hPa geopotential height field of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics. This approach yields 12 SOM patterns that provide a discretized representation of the continuum of SH teleconnection patterns from 1979 to 2012. These 12 patterns are large in spatial scale, exhibiting a mix of annular mode characteristics and wave trains of zonal wavenumber varying from 2 to 4. All patterns vary with intrinsic time scales of about 5–10 days, but some patterns exhibit quasi-oscillatory behavior over a period of 20–30 days, whereas still others exhibit statistically significant enhanced and suppressed frequencies up to about four weeks in association with the Madden–Julian oscillation. Two patterns are significantly influenced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on interannual time scales. All 12 patterns have strong influences on surface air temperature and sea ice concentrations, with the sea ice response occurring over a time scale of about 2–4 weeks. The austral winter has featured a positive frequency trend in patterns that project onto the negative phase of the southern annular mode (SAM) and a negative frequency trend in positive SAM-like patterns. Such atmospheric circulation trends over 34 yr may arise through atmospheric internal variability alone, and, unlike other seasons in the SH, it is not necessary to invoke external forcing as a dominant source of circulation trends.
How National Institutions Mediate the Global
Authors: Kuipers Giselinde
Published: September 2015

How do national institutional contexts mediate the global? This article aims to answer this question by analyzing screen translation—the translation of audiovisual materials like movies and television programs—in four European countries: France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Poland. A cross-national, multi-method research project combining interviews, ethnography, and a small survey found considerable cross-national differences in translation norms and practices, sometimes leading to very different translated versions of the same product. The analysis shows how differences between national translation fields are produced and perpetuated by the interplay of institutional factors on four interdependent levels: technology, and the organizational, national, and transnational fields. On each level, various institutions are influential in shaping nationally specific translation norms and practices by producing institutional constraints or imposing specific meanings. I propose a model that explains the persistence of national translation systems—not only from the logics of specific institutions, fields, or levels—but by the feedback loops and interdependencies between institutions on various levels. This analysis has implications for the sociological understanding of globalization, the production of culture and media, cross-national comparative research, as well as institutional theory and the role of translation in sociological practice.
Elements of Professional Expertise
Authors: Sandefur Rebecca L.
Published: September 2015

Lawyers keep the gates of public justice institutions, particularly through their roles in formal procedures like hearings and trials. Yet, it is not clear what lawyers do in such quintessentially legal settings: conclusions from past research are bedeviled by a lack of clear theory and inconsistencies in research design. Conceptualizing litigation work in terms of professional expertise, I conduct a theoretically grounded synthesis of the findings of extant studies of lawyers’ impact on civil case outcomes. Using an innovative combination of statistical techniques—meta-analysis and nonparametric bounding—the present study transcends previous work to reveal a domain of consensus for lawyers’ effect on case outcomes and to explore why this effect varies so greatly across past studies. For the types of cases researched to date, knowledge of substantive law explains surprisingly little of lawyers’ advantage compared to lay people appearing unrepresented. Instead, lawyers’ impact is greatest when they assist in navigating relatively simple (to lawyers) procedures and where their relational expertise helps courts follow their own rules. Findings for law generalize to other professions, where substantive and relational expertise may shape the conduct and consequences of professional work.
Carbon fibre-reinforced poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidylether based multifunctional structural supercapacitor composites for electrical energy storage applications
Authors: Javaid A , Ho KKC , Bismarck A , Steinke JHG , Shaffer MSP , Greenhalgh ES
Published: September 2015

We have developed structural supercapacitors that can carry mechanical loads as well as can store electrochemical energy simultaneously. Structural supercapacitors are fabricated by impregnating carbon fibre mat electrodes and glass fibre mat separator with crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidylether polymer electrolyte using the resin infusion under flexible tooling method. In this study, design parameters of the structural supercapacitors have been explored including the separators and the polymer electrolytes. The fabricated structural supercapacitors have been characterised using charge–discharge method and impedance spectroscopy to evaluate the electrochemical performance and in-plane shear properties to evaluate the mechanical performance. A structural supercapacitor, exhibiting a specific capacitance of 10.3 mF/cm3 and a shear modulus of 0.50 GPa simultaneously, have been fabricated.
Multiteam Systems: A Structural Framework and Meso-Theory of System Functioning
Authors: Luciano Margaret M. , DeChurch Leslie A. , Mathieu John E.
Published: September 2015

It has been over a decade since organizational researchers began seriously grappling with the phenomenon of multiteam systems (MTSs) as an organizational form spanning traditional team and organizational boundaries. The MTS concept has been met with great enthusiasm as an organizational form that solves both theoretical and practical challenges. However, the development of the MTS domain has been stifled by the absence of theory that clearly delineates the core dimensions influencing the interactions between the individuals and teams operating within them. We contribute to such theory building by creating a multidimensional framework that centers on two key structural features of MTSs—differentiation and dynamism—that create distinct forces affecting individual and team behavior within the system. Differentiation characterizes the degree of difference and separation between MTS component teams at a particular point in time, whereas dynamism describes the variability and instability of the system over time. For each dimension, we discuss the underlying subdimensions that explain how structural features generate boundary-enhancing and disruptive forces in MTSs. We then advance a mesolevel theory of MTS functioning that associates those forces with individuals’ needs and motives, which, in turn, compile upward to form team and MTS emergent states. Finally, we discuss coordination mechanisms that offset or compensate for the structural effects and serve to cohere the MTS component teams. The theoretical and practical implications of our work and an agenda for future research are then discussed.
Partners or Partners in Crime? The Relationship Between Criminal Associates and Criminogenic Thinking
Authors: Whited William H. , Wagar Laura , Mandracchia Jon T. , Morgan Robert D.
Published: August 2015

Meta-analyses examining the risk factors for recidivism have identified the importance of ties with criminal associates as well as thoughts and attitudes conducive to the continuance of criminal behavior (e.g., criminogenic thinking). Criminologists have theorized that a direct relationship exists between the association with criminal peers and the development of criminogenic thinking. The present study empirically explored the relationship between criminal associates and criminogenic thinking in 595 adult male inmates in the United States. It was hypothesized that the proportion of free time spent with and number of criminal associates would be associated with criminogenic thinking, as measured by two self-report instruments, the Measure of Offender Thinking Styles–Revised (MOTS-R) and the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS). Hierarchal linear regression analyses demonstrated that the proportion of free time spent with criminal associates statistically predicted criminogenic thinking when controlling for demographic variables. The implications of these findings on correctional practice (including assessment and intervention) as well as future research are discussed.
The past sits in places: Locality, violence, and memory in Sardinia
Authors: Sorge Antonio
Published: September 2015

The aim of this paper is to situate the Sardinian village within the flux of contemporary social transformations that stand poised to redefine it. Specifically, it examines the highland village of Orgosolo, understanding it as a site that concentrates a clear set of cultural self-definitions that stand opposed to perceptions of life beyond the locality. A key element of local discourse is a view of the collective historical experience that underscores the social, political, and cultural marginality of rural life in central Sardinia, and associates the village with a dissident identity that is reaffirmed by a social memory of violence suffered at the hand of powerful outsiders from Antiquity onwards. Yet, this perspective on the locality is not the sole one, and as such the village presents a contested site where the normative traditionalist vision holds little traction among an ascendant generation of urban-oriented youth who, for their part, reject the past and any definition of village identity explicitly associated with it.
Hip Strength Is Greater in Athletes Who Subsequently Develop Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Herbst Kristen A. , Barber Foss Kim D. , Fader Lauren , Hewett Timothy E. , Witvrouw Erik , Stanfield Denver , Myer Gregory D.
Published: September 2015

Background:

Hip and knee strength abnormalities have been implicated in patellofemoral pain (PFP) in multiple studies. However, the relationship is unclear, as many of these studies have been retrospective.

Purpose:

To compare prospective hip and knee isokinetic strength in young female athletes who subsequently went on to develop PFP relative to their uninjured, healthy peers.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Adolescent female athletes (N = 329) were tested for isokinetic strength of the knee (flexion and extension) and hip (abduction) and screened for the prevalence of PFP before their basketball seasons. After exclusion based on current PFP symptoms, 255 participants were prospectively enrolled in the study. A 1-way analysis of variance was used to determine between-group differences in incident PFP and the referent (no incident PFP) participants.

Results:

The cumulative incidence rate for the development of PFP was 0.97 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Female athletes who developed PFP demonstrated increased normalized hip abduction strength (normalized torque, 0.013 ± 0.003) relative to the referent control group (normalized torque, 0.011 ± 0.003) ( P < .05). Unlike hip strength, normalized knee extension and knee flexion strength were not different between the 2 groups ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

The findings in this study indicate that young female athletes with greater hip abduction strength may be at an increased risk for the development of PFP. Previous studies that have looked at biomechanics indicated that those with PFP have greater hip adduction dynamic mechanics.

Clinical Relevance:

Combining the study data with previous literature, we theorize that greater hip abduction strength may be a resultant symptom of increased eccentric loading of the hip abductors associated with increased dynamic valgus biomechanics, demonstrated to underlie increased PFP incidence. Further research is needed to verify the proposed mechanistic link to the incidence of PFP.