bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The knowledge of, and the attitude towards, taxation of South Africans
Authors:   , Myers Graham Trevor
Published: July 2022

In conversation, people often base their arguments on the assumption that the knowledge that one has about a subject influences one’s attitude about that subject. From this they deduce that education would alter the attitude that people have towards that subject; taxation is no different. Its complexity and equity are often used as major points of discussion. This researcher chose to study income tax to determine if the knowledge that South Africans have of taxation in general influences their attitude towards taxation. It also determined which biographical details of people in South African influence their knowledge of, and their attitudes towards income tax. It also tried to lay a foundation for future students in this field broad field of accounting who may continue this investigation so as to build a knowledge base of the subjects in the accounting fields. A questionnaire was designed by asking registered master’s students in taxation to determine the major questions to be asked about the various taxation acts to establish their knowledge and attitudes. The additional information about other types of taxation was to be used in future research. These questions were discussed by all full-time staff and the questionnaire was limited to 20 questions in each category. A pilot study was then undertaken after which questions were further refined or deleted. The population consisted of all the people living in South Africa. Within each of the nine provinces in South Africa a convenience sample was chosen. To each of these members of the sample a self-administered questionnaire was given. The raw data was captured using SPSS and then analysed extensively. The results showed that knowledge of income tax was affected by age, race, and level of education, type of occupation the person is in, the province a person lived in and the income they earned. Attitudes towards income tax were affected by age, race, occupation of the person, the province they come from and the income they earned. The research indicated that there was relationship of 40 to 49 percent between the various biographical details of people in South African and the knowledge that they had of various sections of income tax act. There was also a 29 to 33 percent relationship between the biographical details of people in South Africa and the attitudes they have towards various statements about income tax. There was a 20 to 30 percent relationship between the knowledge that respondents had of income tax and their attitude towards income tax.
Communication challenges : an exploratory study of international students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal
Authors:   , Maharajh Maroonisha (Meryl)
Published: July 2022

Globalization is impacting on education worldwide. As a result, the University of KwaZulu- Natal (UKZN), like other universities worldwide, have identified an opportunity to increase their profit margins by expanding their marketing initiatives internationally in order to recruit foreign students. The purpose of conducting this study was to investigate the sustainability of UKZN’s Student Exchange Programme in an increasingly competitive industry. The rationale behind the research is that communication challenges between UKZN, International Partner Universities and students, are threatening the overall success of the student exchange programme, with partners threatening to reduce their student exchange numbers. This rationale was tested via primary research in the form of a questionnaire distributed to international partner universities, who then randomly selected a target sample from students who had recently returned from a UKZN student exchange. Interviews were also conducted with a smaller sample and secondary research, in the form of a literature review of previous research findings and theoretical perspectives, was conducted. The sample comprised of ninety nine international students from first-world countries, who participated in a student exchange to UKZN. Respondent profiles included both male and female second-year tertiary respondents, from the European Union (EU) and the United States of America (USA). The major findings of the investigation revealed that the majority of respondents agreed that communication challenges at UKZN posed a credible threat to the future success of the exchange programme. UKZN should, therefore, focus on implementing long and short-term communication’s strategies. The research also found that, by addressing international concerns through the training and development of student exchange officers, will help equip officers to deal with a continually changing international relations’ climate.
YÜKSEKÖĞRETİMDE DENGELİ PUAN KARTI UYGULAMALARINDA KULLANILAN KRİTERLER ÜZERİNE BİR DERLEME
Authors: MEYDAN Bilge , ATICI Kazım Barış , ULUCAN Aydın
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Yükseköğretimde artan küresel rekabet dolayısıyla kurumlar ölçülebilir hedefler koymak amacıyla stratejik yönetim araçlarından Dengeli Puan Kartı (DPK) uygulamalarına yer vermekte ve literatürde konuyla ilgili birçok araştırma bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada, yükseköğretim kurumlarında DPK uygulamalarına derinlemesine bir bakış sunularak, üniversite performans değerlendirmesinde kullanılan kriterlerin derlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Yöntem: Çalışma kapsamında, uluslararası literatürde 2003 yılından itibaren yayınlanmış araştırma makaleleri incelenmiş ve üniversite performansının ölçümünde kullanılan kriterler gruplanarak derlenmiştir.
Bulgular: Yapılan araştırma, yükseköğretim kurumları için ortaya konan DPK’ların hem kriterler hem de kriterlerin yer aldığı alt boyutlar açısından oldukça farklılaştığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmada, incelenen çalışmalarda yer alan 540 kriter, 104 başlıkta incelenmiş ve bu başlıklar belli temalara göre gruplanarak her bir başlıkta yer alan kriterler detaylı bir biçimde sunulmuştur.
Özgünlük: Çalışmanın yükseköğretimde performans değerlendirmesi ve stratejik planlama üzerine çalışacak gelecek araştırmalara bir kriter havuzu vasıtasıyla yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir.
ÇEVİKLİK KRİTERLERİ VE TOPSIS YÖNTEMİ KULLANILARAK TEDARİKÇİ SEÇİMİ: İKLİMLENDİRME SEKTÖRÜNDE GERÇEKLEŞTİRİLEN BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: REİSOĞLU Alper , BOLELLİ Murat
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amaçları, belirsizlik altında dış çevrede oluşan değişikliklere hızlı yanıt verebilme kabiliyeti olarak tanımlanan çeviklik kavramı bileşenlerinin, tedarikçi seçim sürecinde kriter olarak kullanımının incelenmesi ve TOPSIS yöntemi ile uygulamaya yönelik bir model geliştirilmesidir.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın uygulaması iklimlendirme sektöründe yapılmış olup metal işlem ve plastik enjeksiyon parçalarının yurt içinde üretimi için uygun tedarikçi seçimi konusu ele alınmıştır. Tedarikçiler, Sharifi ve Zhang’in Örgütsel Çeviklik Modeli’nde (2001) yer alan çeviklik yetenekleri ve kriterleri baz alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonuçları TOPSIS yöntemi ile analiz edilmiş, metal işlem ve plastik enjeksiyon parça tedarikçilerinin çeviklik performansları ayrı ayrı hesaplanmış ve alternatifler sıralanmıştır.
Bulgular: Sonuç olarak, çeviklik kriterlerini ve TOPSIS yöntemini kullanan modelin, tedarikçi seçiminde kullanılabileceği anlaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın bir diğer çıktısı da çeviklik yetenekleri baz alınarak değerlendirilen tedarikçilerin geliştirilmesi gereken yönlerinin tespit edilmesi olmuştur.
Özgünlük: Bu çalışmanın literatürdeki diğer çalışmalara göre özgün yanları, metal şekillendirme ve plastik enjeksiyon sektörlerinde hizmet veren tedarikçi çeviklik skorlarını ölçümlemesi, iki farklı sektöre ait tedarikçilerin çeviklik skorlarını tek bir çalışmada ölçümlemesi ve çeviklik tabanlı tedarikçi seçimini iklimlendirme sektöründe uygulamasıdır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma çevikliğin verimlilik ile bağlantısının ortaya konulması açısından literatürdeki diğer çalışmalardan ayrılmaktadır.
G20 ÜLKELERİNİN UZUN DÖNEMLİ SAĞLIK GÖSTERGELERİ KULLANILARAK SINIFLANDIRILMASI VE PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: SEL Ahmet
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Dünya Bankası sitesinde yer alan açık veri kaynağında sağlık göstergeleri olarak bulunan 30 adet değişken kullanılmış ve G-20 ülkelerinin sağlık sistemlerinin performansları değerlendirilmiştir.
Yöntem: Sağlık göstergeleri için 2000-2018 yılları arasında toplam 19 yıllık veri kullanılmıştır. Oluşan veri sayısının fazla olmasından dolayı kümeleme analizi ile sınıflandırma yapılabilmesi adına veri madenciliği yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Kümelerin performanslarının değerlendirilmesinde öncelikle ağırlıkların belirlenmesi için sağlık göstergeleri önem derecesine göre uzman kişiler tarafından gruplandırılmış ve sıralanmıştır. Elde edilen değerler ile çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerinden MAUT yöntemi kullanılarak kümelerin performansları değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Kümeleme analizi sonucunda ülkelerin 4 farklı kümede sınıflandıkları görülmüştür. Sağlık göstergeleri açısından “Çok Yüksek” performansa sahip olan ülkeler Çin ve Güney Kore’dir. “Yüksek” düzeyde performansa sahip olan kümede yer alan ülkeler; Almanya, Amerika, Avustralya, Fransa, İngiltere, İtalya, Japonya, Kanada ve Rusya şeklindedir. “Ortalama Üstü” düzeyde performansa sahip olan kümede yer alan ülkeler; Arjantin, Brezilya, Meksika, Suudi Arabistan ve Türkiye’dir. “Düşük” performansa sahip olan kümede yer alan ülkeler; Endonezya, Güney Afrika ve Hindistan’dır.
Özgünlük: Uygulama sonucunda ülkelerin bulunduğu kümeler arasında sağlık alanındaki yetersizlikleri açık şekilde görülebilmiştir. Böylece yapılması gereken iyileştirmeler açısından karar vericiler için ortak bir planlama alanı oluşturulmuştur.
TARIMSAL ETKİNLİK DÜZEYİNİN COĞRAFİK BÖLGELER İTİBARIYLA FARKLILAŞMASI: VERİ ZARFLAMA METAFRONTIER YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: BAYAV Alamettin , GÜNDÜZ Orhan , KARLI Bahri
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, İBBS 3 sınıflaması itibarıyla illerin 2015-2019 yıllarına ait beş yıllık panel verisi kullanılarak Türkiye coğrafi bölgelerinin tarımsal etkinlikleri tahmin edilmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır.
Yöntem: Bölgesel teknik etkinlikler ve metafrontier teknik etkinlikler veri zarflama analizi (VZA) ile hesaplanmış, buradan hareketle metateknoloji oranları belirlenmiştir.
Bulgular: Girdi odaklı ölçeğe göre değişen getiri varsayımı altında veri zarflama metafrontier yaklaşımı ile belirlenen etkinliklerin bölgesel olarak farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir. En yüksek teknik etkinlik %91,6 ile Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde, en düşük ise %73,0 ile Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde belirlenmiştir. Metateknoloji oranı açısından değerlendirildiğinde Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi en yüksek orana (%77,9) sahip olmuştur. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’ni %73,3 ile Karadeniz, %72,9 ile Güneydoğu Anadolu, %64,0 ile Akdeniz, %51,5 ile Ege Bölgeleri takip etmiştir. En düşük metateknoloji oranı %46,7 ile İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde tespit edilmiştir.
Özgünlük: Bu çalışmanın literatüre iki açıdan önemli katkı yapacağı düşünülmektedir. Birincisi coğrafi bölgeler düzeyinde tarımsal üretim değerinin değerlendirildiği ilk çalışma olması, ikincisi ise tarımsal teknolojik farklılığı dikkate alan ve daha pratik yorumlanmasını sağlayan metafrontier yöntemini kullanıyor olmasıdır.
From Stage to Page: New Forms of the
Performance Text
Authors: Jovičević Aleksandra
Published: July 2022

The paper deals with different forms of the performance text, still a new phenomenon
in contemporary theatre, which requires new instruments for its analysis. The structural
transformation of the written text into the performance, including the role of the spectator
in it, confirms the fact that the performance text does not simply mean a new kind of
the written text – and even less a new type of theatre text, but rather an essentially
changed hypertext. Instead, the performance text could also be called an open text of
the performance, in the sense that it requires spectators to become its active co-writers.
Can we, therefore, define the performance text as a scenic écriture, collective writing,
hypertext, stretch text, or even écriture corporelle? Furthermore, how can it be translated
from stage to page to be preserved for future studies? The performance text is impossible without its author(s). Therefore, the paper deals with the performances of The Wooster Group, Motus, René Pollesch, Joris Lacoste, Milo Rau and Oliver Frljić, who are all constantly producing performance texts with their actors, without separating the process of writing from directing.
INFLUENCE OF ADDITIONAL SPECTRAL BANDS FOR EPIPHYTE SEGMENTATION ON DRU-NET
Authors: Menon A. K. , Sajith Variyar V. V. , Sivanpillai R. , Sowmya V. , Brown G. K. , Soman K. P.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Dense Residual U-Net (DRU-Net) is a neural network used for image segmentation. It is based on the U-Net architecture and isa combination of modified ResNet as the encoder and modified DenseNet as the decoder blocks. DRU-Net captures both the local and contextual information. Previous studies on DRU-Net have not tested the influence of the spectral resolution of the images. In an earlier study, the DRU-Net was trained with grayscale images for epiphyte segmentation. The network trained and tested with grayscale images underperformed while varying the illumination and occupancy of the target in the frame. In this study, the same network was trained and tested with RGB images for assessing the increase in overall learning. The performance of the network in segmenting epiphytes under conditions such as good/poor illumination and high/low target occupancy was analyzed. Dice and Jaccard scores were used as evaluation metrics. The DRU-Net model trained with RGB images had an improvement of 20% over the grayscale model in both average Dice and average Jaccard scores of the target class. Based on the higher Dice and Jaccard scores, adding additional spectral information improves DRU-Net learning. The increased computation time required for training DRU-Net with RGB images will result in better output. This model could be further used for identifying multiple epiphytes in images with poor illumination and different occupancy conditions.
BLUR KERNEL’S EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE-FRAME SUPER-RESOLUTION ALGORITHMS FOR SPATIALLY ENHANCING HYPERION AND PRISMA DATA
Authors: Mishra K. , Garg R. D.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Single-frame super-resolution (SFSR) achieves the goal of generating a high-resolution image from a single low-resolution input in a three-step process, namely, noise removal, up-sampling and deblurring. Scale factor and blur kernel are essential parameters of the up-sampling and deblurring steps. Few studies document the impact of these parameters on the performance of SFSR algorithms for improving the spatial resolution of real-world remotely-sensed datasets. Here, the effect of changing blur kernel has been studied on the behaviour of two classic SFSR algorithms: iterative back projection (IBP) and gaussian process regression (GPR), which are applied to two spaceborne hyperspectral datasets for scale factors 2, 3 and 4. Eight full-reference image quality metrics and algorithm processing time are deployed for this purpose. A literature-based re-interpretation of Wald’s reduced resolution protocol has also been used in this work for choosing the reference image. Intensive intra-algorithm comparisons of various simulation scenarios reveal each algorithm’s best performing Gaussian blur kernel parameters. Inter-algorithm comparison shows the better performing algorithm out of the two, thereby paving the way for further research in SFSR of remotely-sensed images.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PIXEL-BASED AND OBJECT-BASED APPROACHES FOR FOREST ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS ESTIMATION USING RANDOM FOREST MODEL
Authors: Tamiminia H. , Salehi B. , Mahdianpari M. , Beier C. M. , Johnson L.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Providing an accurate above-ground biomass (AGB) map is of paramount importance for carbon stock and climate change monitoring. The main objective of this study is to compare the performance of pixel-based and object-based approaches for AGB estimation of temperate forests in north-eastern of New York State. Second, the capabilities of optical, SAR, and optical + SAR data were investigated. To achieve the goals, the random forest (RF) regression algorithm was used to model and predict the AGB values. Optical (i.e. Landsat 5TM, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel-2), synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (Sentinel-1 and global phased array type L-band SAR (PALSAR/PALSAR-2)), and their integration have been used to estimate the AGB. It is worth mentioning that the airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) AGB raster has been used as a reference data for training/testing purposes. The results demonstrate that the OBIA approach enhanced the RMSE of AGB estimation about 5.32 Mg/ha, 8.9 Mg/ha, and 5.29 Mg/ha for optical, SAR, and optical + SAR data, respectively. Moreover, optical + SAR data with the RMSE of 42.63 Mg/ha and R2 of 0.72 for pixel-based and RMSE of 37.31 Mg/ha and R2 of 0.77 for object-based approach provided the best results.
COMPARISON OF LANDSAT-9 AND PRISMA SATELLITE DATA FOR LAND USE / LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Tuzcu Kokal A. , İsmailoğlu İ. , Musaoğlu N.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Land use and land cover (LU/LC) detection has great significance in management of natural resources and protection of environment. Hence, monitoring LU/LC with the state-of-the-art approaches has gained importance during the recent years and free access satellite images have become valuable data source. The aim of this study is to compare classification abilities of Landsat-9 and PRISMA satellite images while applying Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to distinguish different LU/LC classes. For this purpose, the study area was chosen to be of heterogeneous character that includes industrial area, roads, residential area, airport, sea, forest, vegetation and barren land. When the classification results were visually examined, it was seen that forest, industrial area and airport classes were distinguished more accurately than other classes. On the other hand, qualitative results were validated with quantitative accuracy assessment results. The overall accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient values were calculated as 89.33 and 0.88 for Landsat-9 satellite image and as 92.33 and 0.91 for the PRISMA satellite image, respectively. In the accuracy assessment results, although Landsat-9 and PRISMA satellite images showed similar classification performances, a slight improvement was observed by using the PRISMA satellite image. The findings indicated that although both of the Landsat-9 and PRISMA satellite images were proper data to assess the LU/LC of the complex region, a slightly more performance could be achieved by using the PRISMA satellite image.
GEOSPATIAL MODELING OF ROADSIDE VEGETATION RISK ON DISTRIBUTION POWER LINES IN CONNECTICUT
Authors: Wedegedara H. , Witharana C. , Joshi D. , Cerrai D. , Fahey R.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Roadside trees cause almost 90% of the power outages in the forested Northeastern US. Management of roadside vegetation risk on electrical infrastructure demands timely and accurate information on forest conditions. Tasking conventional ground-based scouting methods along thousands of kilometers of powerlines in a repeated fashion are labor-/cost-/time-intense. Geospatial and earth observation (EO) technologies serve as cost-effective tools in monitoring, inspecting, and managing utility corridors. EO technologies, from drones, aircraft, to satellites can efficiently acquire information over large areas at regular intervals while probing forest physical structure and health conditions. LiDAR is a useful data stream for modeling terrain conditions and estimation of multiple forest inventory variables that explain the physical structure of the forest. Various EO imagery provides information on bio-physical characteristics of trees that affect forest health at finer granularity. The goal of this study is to combine multiple environmental variables to develop a spatially-explicit vegetation risk model using machine learning algorithms. Some of the key inputs used in our analysis include LiDAR-derived tree-related variables (e.g., tree height, proximity pixels, canopy cover), LiDAR-derived terrain data (slope, aspect, topographic index), soil characteristics, vegetation management data (tree trimming methods), infrastructure data (wire type), and power outages reported from 2005 to 2017 in Connecticut. Findings of this research will be vital in informing vegetation management decision-making processes, which eventually reduce power outages and the cost of utility corridor maintenance.
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN MONITORING FOREST COVER CHANGE AND CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS AT KISATCHIE NATIONAL FOREST OF LOUISIANA
Authors: Armah R. N. D. , Twumasi Y. A. , Ning Z. H. , Apraku C. Y. , Anokye M. , Frimpong D. B. , Asare-Ansah A. B. , Loh P. M. , Owusu F.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. It is estimated that the globe’s forest has shrunk by 3% since 1990, an area equivalence to the geographical boundaries of South Africa. The Kisatchie National Forest of Louisiana replicates plentiful climatic, physiographic and edaphic differences in the country and this forest faces a serious problem of degradation and disturbance of different nature. Remote sensing from satellites offers the best way to observe these changes over time. This study will employ Landsat-8 satellite imagery to analyze forest cover change in Kisatchie National Forest from 2010 to 2020. The objectives of the study are to (i) identify the trend, nature, and the magnitude of forest cover change, (ii) prepare image maps delineating forest cover change for the duration of the study (iii) establish the trend of CO2 levels within Kisatchie environs. Results showed a gain of forest cover within the Kisatchie National Forest which correlated to the rate of CO2 sequestration by sinks. NDVI of 2010 was 0.65 compared to 0.86 for 2020 indicating a gain of 32% of forest cover since 2010. This showed how effective Protected areas are in conserving forest cover and restricting land uses that may disturb forest structure.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BUILDING FAÇADE RECONSTRUCTION FROM UAS IMAGERY
Authors: Clay E. R. , Lee K. S. , Tan S. , Truong L. N. H. , Mora O. E. , Cheng W.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) coupled with low-cost cameras are rapidly becoming a cost-effective alternative for surveying and mapping, particularly for civil, construction, and environmental engineering applications. The proliferation of UASs provide unique opportunities to map and model surfaces at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. Although, UASs have been extensively evaluated for mapping and modeling, limited research has been performed on assessing the accuracy of UAS imagery for building façade reconstruction. In this study, a performance evaluation of UAS mapping for building façade reconstruction is performed. Our results suggest that there are many aspects that impact the accuracy of UAS photogrammetry for building façade reconstruction. In specific, the texture, contrast, and subtle details influence the generated point cloud, thus complicating the building façade reconstruction. The best results were obtained by strategizing the flying height and camera angle; where, the mean, median, and standard deviation for the cloud-to-cloud (C2C) absolute distances were 0.023, 0.014, and 0.023 meters, respectively, by applying a flying height of 150’ with an orbit at 80’. Therefore, it may be concluded that UAS photogrammetric mapping can meet sub-decimeter accuracy for building façade reconstruction, if proper planning, data collection and processing procedures are followed.
Saúde do homem tabagista na atenção primária a saúde: Desafios do enfermeiro e do médico para a educação em saúde
Authors: Santos Larissa Christiny Amorim dos , Ribeiro Wanderson Alves , Castro Kemely de , Cirino Hosana Pereira , Dias Lilian Laine da Conceição , Morais Maicon Costa de , Ribeiro Matheus Sampaio , Freire Maria Júlia Louvain Longo
Published: July 2022

O tabagismo é considerado a principal causa de morte em todo o mundo, com maior prevalência na população masculina, sendo um dos mais importantes fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Nota-se que os maiores desafios relacionados à prestação do cuidado ao homem tabagista concentram-se na garantia de acessibilidade as redes de saúde, que possam além de orientar, estabelecer vínculos com perspectivas de uma relação empática para que se possa aceitar o homem, suas necessidades e singularidades, tornando-o capaz de fazer as melhores escolhas relacionadas a sua saúde. O enfermeiro e o médico como principais educadores em saúde podem propor uma maior sensibilização da população masculina no que concerne à prevenção, promoção e sua adesão ao serviço primário de saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo realizada através da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), nas seguintes bases de dados: LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE e Google Acadêmico. Conclui-se que o enfermeiro e o médico como principais educadores em saúde podem propor uma maior sensibilização da população masculina no que concerne à prevenção, promoção e sua adesão ao serviço primário de saúde. Além disso, através das estratégias de educação em saúde podem priorizar a adoção de práticas que estimulem a participação masculina ao enfretamento de suas dificuldades, com foco na prevenção de agravos de saúde em especial daqueles relacionado ao tabaco, além do esclarecimento de dúvidas, no incentivo aos cuidados próprios e na criação de vínculos afetivos com o usuário.
Do We Need a New Sherman Act?
Authors: Fiona Scott Morton  , Kartikeya Kandula  , Karissa Kang
Published: July 2022

Mounting evidence suggests that the American economy is suffering from a lack of competition. This Article details the empirical evidence that illustrates the nature of America’s competition problem. It then discusses the causes, both legal and economic, of ineffective antitrust enforcement. Finally, this Article closes by identifying potential congressional, executive, and judicial reforms that can serve to reinvigorate competition.
OPTIMALISASI PENDAPATAN PADA SENTRA INDUSTRI TEMPE DI KELURAHAN YOSODADI METRO TIMUR
Authors: Abimanyu Prasetya  , Susilawati  , Febriyanto  , Nani Septiana
Published: July 2022

Pendapatan akan meningkat dengan diiringi peningkatan jumlah produksi dan menekan biaya yang dikeluarkan pada proses produksi. Optimalisasi pendapatan menjadi suatu hal yang sangat penting bagi para pengusaha untuk mendapatkan laba yang maksimal. Pada kegiatan produksi pengusaha mendapatkan masalah dalam menentukan berapa banyak  input  yang  harus  digunakan atau berapa banyak output yang harus dihasilkan untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan atau laba bersih untuk usahanya.  Penentuan jumlah  masing-masing input yang digunakan akan menghasilkan output yang maksimum. Apabila petani menggunakan input yang lebih dari satu, maka fungsi produksinya lebih banyak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui optimalisasi pendapatan pedagang Tempe di sentra industri tempe Kelurahan Yosodadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah di Sentra Industri Tempe yang terletak di Jalan Gurame Kelurahan Yosodadi Metro Timur, Lampung. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi di lapangan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif dengan mencari pendapatan pedagang tempe di kawasan sentra industri kecil tempe. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Bapak Tuhri yang memiliki usaha yang sudah cukup lama dan cukup besar diantara pedagang tempe di kawasan sentra industri kecil.  Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa optimalisasi pendapat yang dilakukan oleh bapak Tuhri untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal terlihat dari jumlah produksi yang dilakukan dan pengaturan biaya-biaya. Dilihat dari produksinya, pak Tuhri mensiasati produk Tempenya dengan dua tipe yaitu bungkus plastik dan bungkus daun. Optimalisasi lain yang dilakukan oleh bapak Tuhri dalam mencari pendapatan adalah dengan menghemat biaya-biaya. Dalam penelitan ini, menurut bapak Tuhri biaya yang biasa dihemat dari proses produksi adalah pada bahan bakar dan pengaturan gaji karyawan
Microballoons: An Advanced Avenue for Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System
Authors: B. Wakchaure Pratibha. , Y. Gaikwad Maya.
Published: July 2022

The motivation of writing this review on micro balloons is a Gastro retentive drug delivery system are micro balloons (hollow microsphere) are a drug delivery system that promises to be a potential approach for gastric retention. Microballoons drug delivery system is novel drug delivery on the foundation of non- effervescent system that containing empty particles of spherical shape without core ideally having a size less than 200 micrometers which is designed to be retained in the stomach for a prolonged period of time and release their active ingredients and thereby enable sustained and prolonged input of the drug in the upper part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They are gastro retentive drug-delivery systems, which provide controlled release properties for a drug. Recently gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) are gaining wide acceptance for drugs with narrow absorption windows, decreased stability at high alkaline pH, and increased solubility at low pH. The design of this article is to compose the various gastro retentive arrive. In order to understand various physiological difficulties to achieve gastric retention, we have summarized important factors controlling retention i.e. high density, floating, bio-or that adheres to a mucous membrane (adjective), extensile, attractor etc. In addition of central element controlling gastro retention, superiority and finally future potential are discussed.
Stability indicating Method development and Validation of Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Nevirapinein Tablet dosage form
Authors: G. S. Shinde , R. S. Jadhav , D. N. Vikhe
Published: July 2022

The RP-HPLC method for Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Nevirapine was developed using Inertsil ODS 3V C18 column (5µm, 150mm × 4.6mm) as stationary phase and 0.01M 1-octane Sulphonic acid: Methanol (60:40v/v, pH2.6) as mobile phase. The mobile phase was maintained at a flow rate of 1ml/min, run time 15 min and detection was carried out at 270nm.Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Nevirapine were found to be linear in the concentration range of 75-225µg/ml, 150-450µg/ml and 100-300µg/ml respectively. The result of % assay of marketed formulation was found as 101.93±0.1527, 100.86±0.2021and 94.2±0.1527 for Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Nevirapine respectively. Accuracy of the method was determined by performing recovery study and the result were found in the range of 100.9-101.4%, 100.1-100.7% and 99.0-99.9% for Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Nevirapine respectively. Percentage RSD of precision study of these drugs were found less than 2 percent which indicated good precision of the developed method. The proposed method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The proposed method is simple, rapid. precise and reproducible hence can be applied for routine quality control analysis of Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Nevirapine in pharmaceutical dosage form.
Approaches to Creating and Past Successful Attempts on Microspheres: A Primer for Aspiring Researchers
Authors: Sailaja Kappala , Abdul Ahad Hindustan , Chinthaginjala Haranath , Gudisipalli Renuka , Rajyalakshmi Sugali Indravath , Vagganagari Yamuna
Published: July 2022

The work was aimed at the gathering and projection of literature on microspheres. A targeted drug delivery system is intended to increase the concentration of medication in the areas of interest while reducing its concentration in the rest of the body. Thus, the drug is localized at the target site. It does not affect the surrounding tissues. Carriers have therefore proven to be a useful approach to drug delivery since the drug is coupled with a carrier particle such as microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, and so on, that controls the release and absorption of the drug. A microsphere is a free-flowing powder consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers that are biodegradable in nature and, ideally, have a particle size of under 200 m. If it is modified, it is a reliable way to deliver the drug to the target site with high specificity and to maintain the desired concentration without unintended side effects. As a result of their long-term release, microspheres have been receiving a lot of attention, especially for their ability to target anticancer drugs to the tumor. By combining microspheres with a variety of other strategies, microspheres will have a key role in the delivery of pharmaceuticals, especially in diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, gene delivery, and safe, targeted, and effective in vivo delivery. This article will help research to get a quick reference to the past work done on microsphere dosage forms.
A Study of Awareness about Biomedical Waste Management among Health Care Personnel
Authors: Agarwal Anil K , Yadav Abhishek , Yadav Chandrapal S , Mahore Ramniwas , Singh Anand Pratap
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Enormous amounts of hazardous and infectious waste are produced in hospitals across the world in the course of various biomedical procedures. India produces approximately 2kg/bed/day. India has well established protocols for handling and management of biomedical waste, namely, the BMW (Management and Handling) Amendment Rules, 2000. These rules mandate healthcare facilities to segregate disinfect and dispose biomedical wastes in a manner which protects the safety of healthcare professionals as well as that of the environment. Aims and Objectives: To find out the levels and areas of gaps in knowledge, attitudes and practices towards BMW management among various health care personnel. Material and Methods: A before and after interventional study was carried out on 150 participants from J.A.H. group of Hospitals, Gwalior. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was prepared and used for data collection. A Planned teaching and audiovisual presentation for the biomedical waste management was prepared and applied for assessment. Results: Out of 150 participants, before the educational intervention the level of knowledge about bio medical waste management among senior doctors and junior doctors were 70.0% and 65.0 respectively and significantly (p<0.05) excellent in comparison to nursing and sanitary staff. Educational intervention had significantly improved BW management knowledge in all group studied. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that there are fair levels of knowledge and awareness about BM waste generation hazards, legislation and management among health care personnel in J.A group of hospitals. Regular monitoring and training is required at all levels to fill up the lacunae in knowledge.
Skill Development and Labour Migration in Tripura – A Skill-Gap Analytical Approach
Authors: Ghosh Prabir
Published: July 2022

India is a vast nation where, millions of labourers migrate every year in search of their livelihood. Most of the labourers are unskilled or low skilled and their migration takes place through informal channel. In many cases workers are exploited as they have to work under informal terms and conditions. In many cases their skills are unrecognized or in other words the workers are not getting jobs according to their skills. Asymmetry in information about the labour market is one of such factors responsible for workers’ harassment. The skilling of labourers as per the requirement of industry demand is very much essential to avert wastage of human capital. Proper skilling, institutionalised migration and symmetry in information of job market amongst labourers are important factors for developing healthy labour market. The present study tries to examine the effectiveness of government sponsored skill development programmes in serving the needs of migrant labourers from Tripura. The objective of the study has been analysed with the Skill-gap analysis, Likert scale and youth aspiration mapping. The study is based on primary data. Data have been collected from North Sarashima village (Gram Panchayat) which is located in Hrishyamukh block of Belonia Sub-Division, South Tripura district. It is observed that there is large skill gap of near about 95 percent amongst the randomly surveyed youths. It is observed that government sponsored skill development programmes have been successful in upgrading skills of youths and migration has become more institutionalised. The attrition rate amongst the placed candidates is high due to subsistence level of salary at the initial stages in the industries. The mostly demanded skill trainings in the state of Tripura are broadly technical courses (computer hardware, ITEs, BPO, electrician, mobile repairing), agriculture and allied sector related courses (mushroom cultivation, poultry farming, pisciculture, apiculture, goat rearing, piggery, organic cultivation training), health sector related courses (nursing, pathology, radiology) and tourism sector related courses (F&B, Beauty care and Spa).
Factors affecting Consumer's Decision to Purchase Digital Marketing Services at GCO company
Authors: Tuyen Ho Tan , Khanh Ly Le Thi , Duy Lam Nguyen Mau
Published: July 2022

This study determines the factors affecting consumer’s decision to purchase digital marketing service at GCO company. The thesis uses qualitative research methods (group discussion) and quantitative research methods. The research shows that there are three positive impact on client’s decision to purchase digital marketing service. Specifically, “Price” has the most positive effect, followed by “Staff quality”, and the least influential factor is “Reputation”.
Determinants of Market Value of Pharmaceutical Industry: An Empirical Testing in India
Authors: Manjunatha T. , S Keerthi
Published: July 2022

The paper aims at ascertaining the determinants of market value of pharmaceutical industry firm in India. We use the financial data of one hundred and forty-one Indian Pharmaceutical Industry companies. The results of the study show that the value of the coefficients is very low and therefore, the predictability of determinants of the variable for the value of firm is very weak for pharmaceutical industry in India. Implication of the study may be used by researchers to compare with other foreign pharmaceutical companies to understand the determinants of value of firm of the pharmaceutical industry.
Enclitic Pronouns In The Anbarāni Dialect Of Talyshi
Authors: Avchyan Hakob
Published: July 2022

Enclitic pronouns are used in most of New West Iranian languages. They are mainly used for marking the possessor, as well as objects, besides, those Iranian languages and dialects, which show ergative patterns, make use of enclitic pronouns for marking the agent in ergative constructions. This paper deals with the enclitic pronouns and their functions in Anbarāni, one of the Northern Talyshi dialects, spoken in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Where it is possible the features of Anbarāni enclitics will be compared with some other West Iranian languages.
Կցական դերանունները գործածվում են ժամանակակից արևմտաիրանական լեզուների մեծ մասում։ Դրանք հիմնականում կիրառվում են մատնանշելու համար հատկացուցչին, ինչպես նաև ուղիղ խնդիրը։ Բացի այդ՝ այն իրանական լեզուներում, որոնք ունեն էրգատիվ համակարգ, կցական դերանունները ցույց են տալիս էրգատիվ նախադասությունների ենթակայի դեմքն ու թիվը։ Այս հոդվածում քննարկվում են Իրանի Իսլամական Հանրապետության տարածքում խոսվող հյուսիսային թալիշերենի Անբարանի բարբառի կցական դերա-նուններն ու դրանց գործառույթները։
Agro-morphological characterization of Detarium microcarpum Guill & Perr, edible and non-edible (toxic) Detarium senegalense J. F. Gmelin on three types of substrates
Authors: Ousmane Ndiaye  , Antoine Sambou  , Benjamin Mané
Published: July 2022

Forest fruits play an important role on the economy of rural households in Casamance. The fruits of Detarium microcarpum and Detarium senegalense are the most produced and marketed. However, regeneration of D. microcarpum and D. Senegalense remains limited due to seed exports. This study aimed to assess the germination capacity of seeds as well as the growth and development of D. microcarpum and edible and non-edible (toxic) D. Senegalense seedlings on three substrates derived from Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev, Elaeis guineensis Jacq. And Anacardium occidentale L. forest soils. After crushing, germination and growth parameters (diameter, height and number of leaves were determined and measured. The germination dynamics revealed early emergence from 10 to 20 days for D. microcarpum and edible D. senegalense on all the substrates. Toxic D. senegalense recorded a later germination from 30 to 60days after sowing. The overall germination rate was 50.93%. There was a significant difference between the different treatments for all the parameters studied. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference (P˂0.05) between varieties and substrates for the studied parameters. Principal component analysis revealed significant correlations between parameters such as germination rate, number of leaves, and height and crown diameter of the plants.
Nota Editorial
Authors: Pou Giménez Francisca María
Published: July 2022

Presentación del número 48
Manifestaciones bucales de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda en infantes de 4 a 10 años de edad. Revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Huerta Cruz Genessis Dayana , Pariona Minaya María del Carmen
Published: July 2022

Introducción: El cáncer más usual en infantes es la leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Se caracteriza por ser una neoplasia maligna de la medula ósea, sangre y los ganglios linfáticos. La leucemia se da principalmente en infantes de 4 a 10 años de edad, si se da en niños mayores a los 12 años puede llegar a ser letal por lo que su crecimiento rápido y necesita ser atendido lo más pronto posible. Objetivos: Determinar las manifestaciones bucales en infantes con leucemia linfoblástica aguda de 4 a 10 años de edad mediante una revisión bibliográfica. Métodos: La información es recolectada de diferentes bases de datos como: El sevier, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Proquest, Scopus, Scielo, Google Scholar, Springer link. Discusión: Para dar a conocer los resultados del estudio se escogió la información de un total de 30 artículos científicos con datos referenciales que mencionan los estudios realizados en pacientes pediátricos con Leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA), cuyas edades varía entre 0-14 años de edad, las publicaciones investigadas están comprendidas desde el año 2009 hasta el 2021. Se puede presentar a cualquier edad, principalmente en niños mayores de cuatro años de edad. La tasa de supervivencia en niños es del 91% a diferencia de las niñas su índice es del 75%. Conclusiones: Revisada la literatura sobre pacientes con leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) se llegó a la conclusión que los infantes que están sometidos bajo quimioterapia (QT) van a presentar algún tipo de manifestación en la cavidad bucal, que afecte su alimentación y calidad de vida. Los autores indican que estos pacientes pediátricos deben tener cuidado médicos y odontológicos los cuales se van a recomendar exámenes complementarios como el análisis de sangre, prueba de medula ósea y el líquido cefalorraquídeo, tratamientos orales que se integren en los protocolos pretratamiento del cáncer.
A INTELIGÊNCIA ALÉM DA LÓGICA - ENTENDENDO A SEMÂNTICA DA PERSONALIDADE INTELIGENTE
Authors: Abreu Rodrigues Fabiano de
Published: July 2022

Este artigo é baseado em convicções próprias da relação semântica da inteligência assim como o que a determina. Comportamentos nativos, genéticos, são precursores de uma personalidade relacionada a capacidade determinada de forma evolutiva para não apenas a homeostase, como também o progresso da espécie. Determinados fatores são definitivos para a construção cognitiva e suas nuances. De forma resumida, são definidos esses fatores, trazendo soluções, apresentando regiões específicas no cérebro e seu desenvolvimento mediante a ações extras a este artigo. De forma proposital, alguns traços de personalidade não foram colocados já que o objetivo é resumir ao máximo para exemplificar os fatores cruciais da inteligência.
An evaluation of median and paramedian approach for spinal anaesthesia in caesarean delivery
Authors: Tichkule Sudhir , Jain Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2022

Introduction : Spinal anesthesia can be achieved either through the median or paramedian approach. hence we evaluated the median and Paramedian Approach by following variables - Number of attempts, success of the block, presence of paraesthesia, the level of sensory level, and the incidence of head ache and lower back ache. Methods: The present Retrospective analytical comparative study is carried out on the records of 100 subjects . Records of the Patients were divided into two groups: Group ME (n=50) received spinal anaesthesia with median approach and Group PM (n=50) received through paramedian approach. Results: In Group ME, 12 (24%) patients developed PDPH vs. 6 (12%) in Group PM, which was not statistically significant . There was no significant difference in the incidence of paraesthesia in both groups. The mean duration of onset of PDPH was similar in both groups Conclusions : Our study shows that paramedian approach is equally effective and may be helpful in reducing the incidence of PDPH and paraesthesia, and it can be easily performed in pregnant patients.
Comparative evaluation of remineralizing efficacy of silver containing fluoride, nano hydroxyapatite and self assembling peptide on early enamel carious lesions under atomic force microscope
Authors: Vaidya Nilesh , Wahane Kapil , Mangala T. M. , Mattigatti Suddha , Mahaparale Rushikesh , Yadav Nitesh , Raut Swati
Published: July 2022

Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of 3 different materials on remineralization of early enamel carious lesions. Materials and Methods:80 maxillary single rooted premolars were divided into four groups(n=20). Group 1: Control,Group 2 : Silver diamine fluoride ,Group 3 : Nano-hydroxyapatite and Group 4: Self assembling peptide. Each group except control group were subdivided into two subgroups. All the materials were demineralized in demineralizing solution for 96 hours, which was daily renewed after 24 hours until uniform early carious lesion were formed. After the formation of lesions, half of specimens from each tested subgroups had the material applied and the half of the specimens didn’t. All the specimens were immersed together in 20 mL of artificial saliva at 37ċ for 24 h. After 24 hours experimental materials were rubbed off using cotton pellate socked in acetone. All the specimens were then washed with distilled water and again immersed in fresh artificial saliva for 48 hours at 37ċ in an incubator. Saliva was exchanged after 24 hours with fresh saliva. The pair of negative control group was only immersed in artificial saliva for 24 and 48 hours continuously and saliva was not exchanged during this period.
New spectrophotometric method for determination of mebendazole by oxidative coupling reaction
Authors: Abdulhadi Rasha Z. , Mohammed Dawood H.
Published: July 2022

A rapid , simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of  mebendazole ( MBL )  in pure form and in its pharmaceutical dosages. This  method depend on oxidation of MBL with  excess amount of N-bromosuccinimide ( NBS ) in acidic medium with standing for complete the reaction , and the oxidized MBL coupled with Rhodamine B to get red product related with MBL amount  and measuring the absorbance of surplus dye at 570 nm. A linear calibration curve was obtained over the concentration range 2.5 – 30 μg.ml-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The molar absorptivity and sandell's sensitivity index values were determined to be  1.476 × 104 L.mol-1.cm-1 and 0.02 μg.cm-2. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be 0.469 and 1.982 μg.ml-1, respectively . The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of MBL in available dosage form, the validity proposed method was confirmed by recovery study via standard addition technique.