bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concept About Print: A Comparison of Performance During Traditional and Adapted Conditions
Authors:   , Rupke Sheila
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to compare performance of typically developing children on traditional and adapted versions of Clay’s Concepts About Print (CAP). Sixteen children who ranged in age from 5 years, 2 months to 6 years, 2 months served as participants. The participants were administered traditional and adapted administrations of the CAP with half of the participants receiving the traditional condition first and half receiving the adapted condition first. In the adapted condition, the CAP was presented as a part of a Power Point slide presentation using partner scanning. It was hypothesized that there would be a correlation between the scores on a traditional administration and an adapted administration. Although an analysis of the scatter plot of the data for the 16 participants showed a positive linear relationship for the majority of the participants, one outlier was noted. Therefore, the Pearson correlation was run on the data from the full data set (N=16), as well as the data set without the one participant, who responded in a different way than the majority of participants (n=15). No significant association was noted with the full data set; however, a significant correlation was found for the data set without the one participant. Although the results of this study are interpreted cautiously due to the small sample size, it appeared that similar performance was found for this group of typically developing participants on the CAP when administered in the traditional and adapted conditions. The results of this study were discussed in relation to the literature in the area of Individuals with significant communication, behavioral, and/or physical disabilities and future implications for research provided.
Ecological Controls on the Campanian Distribution of Hesperornis (Aves: Hesperornithiformes) in the Western Interior Seaway
Authors:   , Chapman Blake
Published: February 2023

The epicontinental Western Interior Seaway (WIS) of Late Cretaceous North America provided a unique marine habitat for cephalopods, fish, marine reptiles, and the foot-propelled diving seabird Hesperornis. While several predator-prey relationships among Hesperornis or other hesperornithiforms and other WIS animals have been hypothesized based on gut contents, bite marks, and coprolites/colonites, ecological relationships have not been quantitatively tested. Paleontological species distribution modeling (SDM) studies have focused on extinct non-marine taxa and marine invertebrates, with only two marine vertebrate studies of extant taxa. Here, two SDM methods were used to test the influence of vertebrate faunas, sedimentary rock type, paleogeography, and outcrop area on Hesperornis occurrences: generalized linear models (GLMs) and occupancy models (an extension of standard GLMs). Results of both model types indicate a decreased probability of Hesperornis presence at elasmosaur-occupied sites and an increased probability of Hesperornis presence with higher paleolatitudes. The negative association between elasmosaurs and Hesperornis in all highest-ranked models, coupled with evidence of similar diets, may indicate food resource competition, but the geographic distributions of both taxa may instead reflect different habitat preferences. The positive impact of paleolatitude may reflect seasonal migrations resulting in large breeding congregations at higher paleolatitudes (based on probable immature specimens), preference for specific environmental conditions or feeding areas (e.g., along oceanographic fronts or upwelling zones), or migration mortality. While Spearman’s correlation test did not identify a western, middle, or eastern WIS preference for Hesperornis, the inclusion of this regional covariate with paleolatitude in the highest-ranked occupancy models may indicate an interaction effect between these two covariates that favored higher Hesperornis abundance in South Dakota and Manitoba along probable mixing zones or fronts. Taxa hypothesized by previous authors to have had ecological interactions with hesperornithiforms were not supported by the models as major factors in the Hesperornis distribution. These include Tylosaurus and polycotylid plesiosaurs, hypothesized feeders on Hesperornis, Enchodus, a teleost consumed by the smaller hesperornithiform Fumicollis, and Squalicorax, an opportunistic shark that consumed hesperornithiforms. This study represents the first paleogeographic model for Hesperornis occurrences and the first GLM and occupancy modeling applications to extinct marine vertebrates. These models examine previous hypotheses and provide novel interpretations for hesperornithiform ecology.
Combat Artist
Authors:   , Goode Delvin
Published: February 2023

The integral bond that unites the American citizen with the selfless men and women of the Armed Forces will be strengthened through my juxtaposition of uncommonly complementary crafts. “Combat Artist”, featuring high-quality ceramic mugs, unique packaging, pristine painted panels, and kindred graphics will bridge a gap that enhances relationships between these two worlds through a shared love of country and shared culture. The resultant works create fantastic windows into my military life communicating messages full of humor, patriotism, and love. I aspire to masterfully unite ceramic techniques with proven principles of design distributed across all mediums within my work, culminating in newfound military appreciation. I am driven to excellence by the connections people make with functional products from the receipt of the item, to unpackaging, to deepened affections as that object is imprinted with memories throughout its use. Dings, scratches, and stains are all welcome as they are signs of continued use thus elevating the art to its fullest potential. The mug is one of the most functionally intimate objects an artist can create, and clay is the perfect medium to shape that relationship in infinite ways. The feel of a ceramic mug in your hand and the comfort gained from the beverage it delivers, speaks to the strong subliminal bonds that develop when form and function are perfected. The shape of the mug along with the purposeful use of glazes enhance the experiences both tacitly and visually, and my goal is to maximize both with each mug. I have a deep appreciation for graphic design and its ability to convey a message and connect many genres of people. The strategic use of graphics implemented throughout each series express comical yet universally relatable ideas and hopefully a lighter side of the perceived rigid soldier. Superior quality craft, cleverly conceived graphics, and universal humor are essential to my art and serve as core attributes for the culmination of my unifying goal. My show “Combat Artist” is the manifestation of two worlds colliding in a whimsical crash of artistic expression!
Gratitude
Authors:   , Reimer Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

Gratitude is a concept that has impacted my life in an enormous way. Along with being a key element in this exhibition, it blends in well with me as a person and my personal life. I am extremely blessed to have the heritage that I do from both sides of my family. Gerdy’s Community Market was built on that same family concept. The gratitude celebrated after a harvest with family and community is the foundation that Gerdy’s was built on. I wanted each of the pieces I designed to support that same foundation and highlight the culture surrounding my family’s community. Products in Gerdy’s are from local families and family farms. Each product line is designed differently to show the importance of each family and their heritage story. There is no set color scheme, typeface, or design style that ties all the products together because all families are unique. I created hand type as a main design element for each product in the store. The packaging also highlights the family and where their product originated. Even though all the packaging is different, every product has the Mountain to the Plain symbol, branding it to Gerdy’s.
Marital Satisfaction
Authors:   , Rains Stephen
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate marital satisfaction. Information pertaining to the independent variables were taken from the Marital Quality Questionnaire. The following independent variables were investigated: socioeconomic background, educational attainment, religious commitment, whether the couple obtained premarital counseling, the timing of the sessions, number of premarital counseling sessions obtained, global satisfaction, and marital status. Scores from the following subscales of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) by Graham Spanier were used as the [dependent] variables: Dyadic Consensus, Dyadic Cohesion, Dyadic [illegible], Affectional Expression, and Total or Dyadic Adjustment. Four composite null hypotheses were tested at the .0500 level employing a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). One composite null hypothesis was tested at the .0500 level employing a one-way analysis of variance. The total sample consisted of 16 respondents who were single, 30 who were married, 6 divorced or separated persons, and 7 remarried subjects. The total sample size was 59. Of the 59 questionnaires completed, 8 were by males. There were 24 additional questionnaires which were not included in the research due to incomplete data. A total of 100 comparisons were made plus 25 recurring. Of the 100 comparisons 45 were for main effects and 55 for interactions. Of the 45 main effects 8 were statistically significant at the .0500 level. None of the 55 interactions was statistically significant at the .0500 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: l. married students who reported they would remarry the same person have greater dyadic consensus satisfaction than those who would not remarry the same person: 2. married students who reported they would remarry the same person have greater dyadic cohesion satisfaction than those who would not remarry the same person: 3. married students who reported they would remarry the same person or were undecided have greater dyadic satisfaction than those who would not remarry the same person: 4. married students who reported they would remarry the same person or were undecided have greater affectional expression than those who would not remarry the same person: 5. married students who reported they would remarry the same person or were undecided have greater total or dyadic adjustment than those who would not remarry the same person: 6. Single, married and remarried individuals have greater dyadic consensus satisfaction than those who were divorced or separated; 7. single, married and remarried individuals have greater dyadic consensus satisfaction than those who were divorced or separated; 8. single, married and remarried individuals have greater total or dyadic adjustment than those who were divorced or separated.
The Effects of Informative Feedback on the Self-Help Behaviors of Institutionalized Individuals
Authors:   , Elliott Leland
Published: February 2023

A standard of performance, a valence statement, graphing of performance, and specific positive and negative informative feedback were used as a treatment package in a multiple baseline across subjects design to modify the self-help behaviors of institutionalized individuals. The effects of the treatment package for three of the four subjects were not considered important. Social contingencies were added to the treatment package in a reversal design in order to assess its effectiveness in the modification of the behaviors of the three subjects which were not noticeably affected by the original treatment package. The number of responses emitted after the addition of social contingencies of two the three subjects were not noticeably different from the performance on the original treatment package. The ineffectiveness of informative back led to the conclusion that it was not an effective reinforcer.
The Depositional Environments of the Jurassic Carmel Formation of Northeastern Utah
Authors:   , Fritz Theodore
Published: February 2023

The Jurassic Carmel Formation of northeastern Utah was deposited during a major marine transgressive-regressive sequence with numerous alternating lithologies of minor, cyclically varying deposits that can be divided into three facies that represent distinct stages of deposition. The Lucerne Valley Facies represents the initial inundation of Carmel seas over dunes of the Glen Canyon Sandstone. Environments in the facies ranged from a broad supratidal flat to suspension deposits formed on the marine shelf below the wave base. The Boars Tusk Facies represents the initial regression of the Carmel seas. Environments of this facies are similar to the Lucerne Valley Facies except that an offshore carbonate bar and lagoon had formed in front of the prograding shoreline. The Dutch John Facies contains cyclical variations of supratidal intertidal environments and development of a sabkha that deposited thick, bedded gypsums with nodular gypsum and dolomite rhombs. These formed within the wet sediments around the edge of the sabkha. Regressive trends continued during Dutch John deposition until the sand dune and stream deposits of the Entrada Sandstone prograded over the Carmel Formation. The depositional characteristics of the Carmel Formation closely resemble the deposits along the modern day Persian Gulf which is proposed here as a modern correlative to the depositional environments of the Carmel Formation.
A History of Haskell County, Kansas.
Authors:   , McLain F.M.
Published: February 2023

This work is a history of Haskell County, Kansas.
Correlating Social Media Policy To The ISLLC Standards
Authors:   , Gowin Bret
Published: February 2023

The Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC) was a committee developed in 1996 by the Council of Chief School Officers (CSSO) that created standards to direct the training of aspirant school administrators. The objective of each of these standards also may provide guidance for administrators in their daily mission to lead their school to providing the highest quality education possible. Social media is a fairly new communication tool that school leaders must consider in the development of school policy. This communication tool has an overabundance of considerations, both positive and negative, that must be measured when developing policy on its incorporation into the school's culture. The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation of the ISLLC Standards and the development of school policy on social media. What is to be examined is how policy on the use of social media in school should integrate the principles that guide the leadership of the school in meeting the vision for learning of the school. The study will conclude with basic recommendations for administrators to consider who consider the addition or revision of social media policies for their schools.
The Human Figure Expressed in a Variety of Materials and Sculptural Techniques
Authors:   , Vap Allen
Published: February 2023

The development of the formal qualities of a work of art takes place in the feelings of the artist, and it is only through our feelings that we are able to truly observe them. The presentation of a piece is not enough; as an artist I feel that the visual observation without a response is worse than a negative reaction. Simple observation alone is a failure to perceive feelings; without reaction, positive or negative, one's feeling for a piece have yet to be touched and perception is soon lost. In my work, I strive to achieve feelings. I release my own, attempting to use visual signs to convey ideas and emotional experiences. Although I enjoy the procedures involved in the production of the piece and even if I am satisfied with the piece, I hesitate to accept the results unless others react. Without a reaction, I question whether I have conveyed my feelings or developed any for the observer, and the possibilities of further involvement are retarded. I am not saying that every art piece should be an intellectual problem revolving around one central theme; rather that in order for my work to be successful, feelings should be generated.
An Analysis of the Trends in the Snow Ski Industry of Colorado
Authors:   , Cauble William
Published: February 2023

The purpose in writing this thesis was to study the trends in the Colorado ski industry. The thesis explores the participant characteristics, size of the industry, projected growth and Colorado business firms affected by the ski industry. The industry was found to show an upward trend in increased number of participants and increased spending by participants each year at most Colorado ski areas. The participant growth in this industry looks optimistic because of the new scientific methods now in operation at many Colorado ski areas. New snowmaking techniques and snow distribution techniques have increased the length of the ski season and have helped to make skiing a safer sport. The increase in population, recreation time and vacation spending habits will help this industry develop. The ski industry in Colorado has a prosperous future.
The Sheriff's Office of Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , McFarland Eugene
Published: February 2023

This study has been made in the field of local government. It deals only with the sheriff's office in Ellis county , Kansas. The statutes of Kansas and their application and function show that this office is primarily the same today as it was in England in the seventeenth century. A study of the sheriff's office relates that the powers and duties are similar in Ellis county to those in England when the sheriff was a servant of the King and his court. Frequent changes have been made but the facts still remain that one of the main defects is due to the lack of responsibility, improper coordination, and the lack of integration between the state and the county. Also that some system of unified policing is necessary in view of changing conditions in the field of law enforcement and crime prevention.
A Study of The State Aid Laws And Their Application In Certain Selected States
Authors:   , Dumler Marvin
Published: February 2023

Upon exploration of recent literature pertaining to school finance, abundant evidence was found to support the contention that state aid is necessary for adequate financial support for public education. The writer has been interested in educational finance for some time, and, after considerable investigation, has chosen a thesis problem which is: To study the school laws pertaining to school finance and their application in certain selected states and to suggest modifications to the state aid laws in Kansas.
A Preliminary Study of Silver Olefin Compounds
Authors:   , Schwartz Richard
Published: February 2023

The execution of this investigation involved the following: 1. testing of the preparation of silver-olefin nitrate coordination compounds 2. studying methods of Kf determination of silver-olefin complex ions 3. attempting to determine more information concerning silver to olefin bonding
Changes in Chicago Early Assessment as a Function of a Prekindergarten Education Program
Authors:   , Wright Ruth
Published: February 2023

The researcher investigated the effectiveness of a grant funded at-risk prekindergarten program for 3-, 4-, and 5- year-olds, who through pre screening were determined to be deficient in two or more skill areas . A total of 57 subjects, 26 girls and 31 boys, were involved in the 3 year study. The design was pretest, intervention, posttest for this ex post fact study. The screening instrument used for the pretest and post test was the Chicago Early Assessment and Remediation Laboratory (EARLY). The skill areas assessed were gross motor, fine motor, language, visual discrimination, and memory. The four independent variables were gender, deficiency, program year, and number of years in the program. The five dependent variables were the subject’s raw score on each of the five skill area subscales of the Chicago EARLY. Five hypotheses were tested at the .05 level. In the first hypothesis pretest mean scores and post test mean scores were compared using a t test for repeated measures. Of the 20 comparisons made 19 were significant. The remaining four hypotheses were tested using a one way analysis of covariance. Each of the four ANCOVAS involved comparing the adjusted post mean Chicago EARLY scores (pretest covariate measure) with boys and girls, the 3 program years, subjects participating 1 year and 2 years, and with students screened as non-deficient and deficient. A total of 50 comparisons were made of which 3 were significant. The results of the study indicated: 1. the education program appeared to improve subject’s performances in all areas tested except in the gross motor skill area for the program year 1986-87. 2. The education program appeared to be equally effective for girls and boys except in the visual discrimination skill area for the combined program years and for the program year 1988-89. 3. The effectiveness of the language skills portion of the education program appeared to be improving each year. 4. The program was equally effective for those who participated one and two years. 5. The program was equally effective for those screened as deficient and non-deficient.
Inclusion Attitudes Across the State of Kansas: A Look at Elementary Teachers' Attitudes Towards the Practice of Inclusion
Authors:   , Rome Brianne
Published: February 2023

The focus of the current study was to examine elementary teachers' attitudes about inclusion across the state of Kansas. One purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which practicing rural, suburban, and urban regular education elementary teachers agreed with the main concept of inclusion. Other purposes of this study were to examine how characteristics such as district size, whether teachers have special education certification, years of classroom teaching experience, hours of in-service training in inclusion issues, class size, and numbers of students with disabilities in their classrooms affect teachers' attitudes towards inclusion. A total of 300 certified regular education teachers (K-6) from across the state of Kansas were contacted by e-mall and asked to complete the Teacher Beliefs Survey (Persinger, 1998) regarding the practice of inclusion. A total of 49 teachers responded to the survey for a response rate of 16 percent. In looking at school classifications there were no significant differences between rural, suburban, and urban teachers on the Teacher Belief Survey. No significant differences were found between teachers with special education certification compared to their colleagues without special education certification. Also, there were no statistically significant relationships between the Teacher Beliefs Survey and years of classroom experience, hours of in-service training, district size, or numbers of students with disabilities within the classroom.
The Probable Efficiency of A Vocabulary Notebook In The Teaching of Latin Vocabulary.
Authors:   , Megill David
Published: February 2023

Since the findings of the Classical Investigation have been reported, makers of Elementary Latin Textbooks have, among other things, stressed basal Latin vocabulary and English words derived therefrom. As a means of achieving a mastery of a larger vocabulary, they often advise the teacher to require pupils to make and keep a vocabulary notebook. Particularly this is advised in the Ullman-Henry Elementary Latin texts which the writer has used for the past six years. Upon submitting to the publishers of the Ullman-Henry texts, the vocabulary notebook which he had developed in teaching these texts, the writer received the comment that no one was as yet convinced as to the form each notebook should take, nor that it really paid in terms of learning, to use one. Since the use of a vocabulary notebook in class entails no small amount of extra labor on the part of the teacher and the pupil, it seemed eminently worth while to attempt to discover whether or not pupils really do learn more vocabulary as a result of using a notebook. This attempt was begun in the fall of 1929 and finished in the spring of 1931.
A Fourth Grade Read-Aloud Program
Authors:   , Wright Kelli
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the effects of a read-aloud program. Type of instruction, gender, family structure and perception of family were the independent variables investigated. The dependent variables were Reading Vocabulary, Reading Comprehension, and Reading Total from the Science Research Associates test. Prescores on the Science Research Test (S.R.A.) were employed as the covariate measure. The sample consisted of 43 children from the fourth grade. The school read-aloud group consisted of 19 children; 14 children participated in the home read-aloud group, and there were 10 children in the control group. A pretest/posttest three group design was employed. Six composite null hypotheses were tested employing a one-way analysis of covariance. A total of 18 comparisons were made. Of the 18 comparisons, 3 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The significant comparisons were the following: school read-aloud group and Reading Vocabulary, school read-aloud group and Reading Total, and gender and Total Score for the home group. The results of the following study appear to support the following generalizations: 1. Participants in a read-aloud program who are read to by a teacher at school benefitted more from a read-aloud program than a control group. 2. Girls who were read-aloud to by parents achieved more than boys. 3. No association between a read-aloud program implemented in the child's home and reading achievement. 4. No association between gender and reading achievement in a read-aloud program implemented at school. 5. No association between family structure and reading achievement in a read-aloud program. 6. No association between perception of family and a read-aloud program. The significant main effects indicated the following: 1. Those who participated in the school read-aloud group had significantly higher scores than the control group for the dependent variable Reading Vocabulary. 2. Those who participated in the school read-aloud program had significantly higher scores than the control group for the dependent variable Reading Total. 3. Girls who participated in the home read-aloud program had significantly higher achievement for the dependent variable Reading Total.
Sex Differences and Punishment Effects in Concept Attainment
Authors:   , Binder Donald
Published: February 2023

The effects of punishment is learning a concept task was investigated. The Ss were 20 male and 20 female college students, with an equal number of male and females Ss randomly assigned to each of 4 groups. Males and females in the experimental group lost points for errors made while sorting 81 slides into 2 categories, one which contained the concept and one which did not. The control group received only knowledge of results for correct or incorrect responses. When Ss reached a criterion of 10 successive correct responses after indicating knowledge of the concept, or after compiling a total of 50 errors, the task was terminated. Ss finally rated how well they liked the experiment on a 7 point scale. The dependent variables included number of trials and number of errors made to reach criteria. Other measures used included the number of times Ss indicated attainment of the concept and the final rating of the experiment. A 2 x 2 factorial analysis of variance failed to yield significant differences for number of errors, number of trials, and number of times Ss indicated attainment of the concept. Females disliked the experiment significantly more than males. The punished group liked the experiment less than the knowledge of results group. After analyzing the data for the original Ss, additional Ss were run until each group had a total of 10 Ss attaining the concept. Ss not attaining the concept were deleted from the initial group of Ss. This addition of new Ss did not change the initial results.
Abuse in Dating Among High School Adolescents
Authors:   , Carswell Rita
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate abuse during teen dating relationships. A status survey design with pre-determined and post hoc grouping was employed. The independent variables investigated were self-esteem, gender, classification, quality of family life, dating frequency, longest dating relationship, and dating style. The dependent variables were physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and total abuse. The sample consisted of 142 females and 131 males. Instruments employed were the Abuse Inventory and Attribute Inventories for Self and Family. Five composite null hypotheses were tested. Seventy-six comparisons plus 52 recurring comparisons were made. Twenty-eight of the comparisons were for main effect and 48 were for interactions. Of the 28 main effects 21 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Nine of the 48 interactions were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the following study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. Subjects with low self-esteem reported greater sexual abuse than those with moderate and high self-esteem. 2. Males reported greater physical abuse than females. 3. Subjects with high quality of family life reported less emotional, sexual, and total abuse than those with low quality of family life. 4. Subjects who dated occasionally reported less physical abuse than those who dated often. 5. Subjects who dated often reported less total abuse than those who dated occasionally. 6. Juniors regardless of self-esteem reported numerically less physical abuse than seniors. 7. Seniors with moderate self-esteem reported numerically less emotional and total abuse than juniors with moderate self-esteem. 8. Subjects reporting single dating style for the duration of the 1-3 months reported numerically the least amount of physical abuse of any subgroup. 9. Subjects reporting pick-up dating style had numerically the highest emotional abuse for both dating frequencies (often and occasionally) and pick-up dating style for the duration of 8 months + had the lowest emotional abuse of any subgroup. 10. Pick-up dating style for 1 week to 7 months duration reported numerically the highest emotional sexual and total abuse and pick-up dating style for the duration of 8 months + duration had the lowest emotional, sexual and total abuse of any subgroup.
Levels of Self-Sufficiency Reached by Former Educable Mentally Students Exiting a Rural / Suburban Kansas Special Education Cooperative
Authors:   , Moyer Clinton
Published: February 2023

Thirty-two adults between the ages of 21 and 25, who were classified as educable mentally retarded while attending a public school served by the Sedgwick County Area Educational Services Interlocal Cooperative In Goddard, Kansas, were administered a 21 Item questionnaire. This questionnaire sought to determine the level of self-sufficiency reached by the subjects since leaving school. The questionnaire was modified from the Vermont Follow-up Structured Survey Instrument used by Hasazi, Gordon, and Roe (1985). Results Indicate 66% of the subjects were employed at the time of the study. Forty-three percent of those subjects were paid minimum wage. The mean projected salary of the employed subjects was $8357.14 per year.
The Effects of Repeated Reading on Grade-Level Fluency Growth and Proficiency in First Grade
Authors: Wilson-Anderson Mallory , null null , null null , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Throughout the country, students were identified as, “at risk” due to their lack of fluency proficiency on the Formative Assessment for Teachers (FAST). Students who did not attain grade-level fluency suffered from comprehending text, which negatively affected the process of reading to learn. Teachers actively explored fluency-building activities to continue to meet the needs of the “at risk” early childhood reading population. According to the fall 2016 FAST assessment, 26.9% of students within the building were not proficient. Due to the significance of students attaining grade-level fluency proficiency, this study investigated if implementing repeated reading instruction aided first-grade students in obtaining a significantly greater increase in word growth in grade-level reading. Repeated reading instruction utilized teacher modeling, partner reading, and independent reading in this study. The research design was an experimental design in which students were selected to participate in the experimental and control groups randomly. Twenty first-grade students were involved in this study with 10 students selected randomly from each classroom. The experimental group utilized the treatment, repeated reading instruction. The control group continued to receive small group guided reading instruction and the language arts curriculum as established by the school district. It was predicted that if repeated reading instruction was utilized daily for eight weeks, participants in the experimental group would obtain a significantly greater increase in word growth than the control condition in grade-level reading. The results of this study confirmed the prediction and showed a statistically significant difference in obtaining a greater increase in word growth in first-grade level reading..
A Survey of Adolescents' Knowledge and Attitudes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors:   , Carrell Gayla
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of students pertaining to AIDS. Students from 7th and 8th grades in a South Western Kansas middle school were surveyed. The sample consisted of 392 students. Of the students completing the survey 188 were male and 204 were female. The following independent variables were investigated: grade level, gender, race and economic status. The dependent variables were scores from the following subscales of the Factor Analytically Based Surveys for Measuring AIDS Knowledge and Attitude: Perceived Personal Vulnerability, Perceived Extent of Others’ Risk Reduction Efforts, Desire for AIDS Information, Perceived Effectiveness of Preventive Measures, and Knowledge of AIDS. Four composite null hypothesis were tested at the .05 level of significance. A three-way analysis of variance (general linear model) was employed for all null hypotheses. A total of 84 comparisons were made plus 84 recurring. Of the 84 comparisons, 24 were for main effects and 60 were for interactions. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. American Indian students have more knowledge of AIDS than Hispanic, Asian and Black students, 2. Students who receive free lunch have a greater perceived extent of others’ risk reduction efforts that students paying regular or reduced lunch prices, 3. Eighth grade students have more knowledge of AIDS than 7th grade students, 4. Students who paid full price for lunches have greater knowledge of AIDS than students who received reduced or free lunches, 5. Gender, grade level and race should be interpreted concurrently for Perceived Disease Severity, 6. Gender and race should be interpreted concurrently for Perceived Effectiveness of Preventive Measures, 7. Gender and grade level should be interpreted concurrently for Desire for AIDS Information, 8. Gender and economic status should be interpreted concurrently for Desire for AIDS Information, and, 9. Grade level, race and economic status should be interpreted concurrently for Perceived Personal Vulnerability.
Geohydrology of the Big Creek Alluvial Aquifer of Hays and Vicinity, Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Perez Vilma
Published: February 2023

To define the extent of the Big Creek alluvial aquifer in the Hays area (Ellis County, Kansas) hydrogeologic maps and cross-sections were constructed. The maps are based on data from 354 wells and include a surficial geologic map; a contour map of the buried surface of the Blue Hill Shale (Cretaceous bedrock); an isopach map of the aquifer; a generalized contour map of the water-table surface; water-table contour maps for 1981, 1983, and 1985; and a water-well distribution map. Unconsolidated alluvial deposits of Quaternary age underlie the Hays area. Sands and gravels characterize the basal part of the alluvial deposits and fill channels carved in the bedrock; these sands and gravels make up the unconfined and heterogeneous Big Creek aquifer. Thickness of the aquifer varies from 0 to 42 feet (0 -12.8 meters). Yields of wells range from 5 to 450 gallons per minute (0.31 to 28.4 liters per second). Flow lines indicate a general southwestern groundwater flow direction. The water table fluctuates in response to precipitation and rate of pumpage changes. There are more than 1,000 wells in the study area. At some sites, where water wells are very close to each other, well interference is suggested. At other sites, where the buried channels are deepest and the density of wells is lower, the aquifer may provide high yields for new wells.
Atomic Absorption Characteristics of Ruthenium
Authors:   , Pinphanichakarn Vattana
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to present some detailed studies of the atomic absorption characteristics of ruthenium.
Ecogeographic Relations of the Pronghorn (Antilocapra Americana) in Kansas
Authors:   , Sexson Mark
Published: February 2023

In an attempt to reestablish pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) in Kansas, the Kansas Fish and Game commission recently introduced herds from Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Montana. Because much of the prairie in Kansas has been plowed for crop production, two questions regarding the ultimate success of reestablished pronghorn required answers: 1) could pronghorn survive in regions where much of their natural habitat had been destroyed? 2) Would pronghorn compete directly with livestock or interfere with farming and ranching operations. The objectives of this study were to seek answers to those questions, to investigate factors influencing the survival of pronghorn in Kansas today, and to speculate how human activities might influence the distribution of pronghorn in Kansas in the future.
Small Mammals of Winter Wheat and Grain Sorghum Croplands in West-Central Kansas
Authors:   , Navo Kirk
Published: February 2023

Populations of small mammals were studied in the wheat/grain sorghum rotation agro- system in west-central Kansas. Two areas, each representing a different phase of the crop rotation cycle, were live-trapped. Diversity, evenness, richness, and relative densities of small mammals in the crop fields and in two uncultivated habitats were compared. Croplands had the lowest diversity and overall relative densities although the wheat field supported the greatest relative density of P. maniculatus. The grain sorghum field exhibited high diversity and evenness but had the lowest relative density. Community similarity coefficients indicated that croplands were least similar in their small mammal compositions, whereas the wheat field and adjoining edge habitat were most similar. Peromyscus maniculatus was the only species that was a common resident in croplands throughout the year, and ecological characteristics of this species were evaluated. Populations of deer mice peaked in spring during the period of rapid growth of wheat. Occasional disruptions in the wheat field did not have a detrimental effect on the population of deer mice, whereas the more frequent cultivations in the grain sorghum field might have contributed to the low population densities of small mammals found therein.
Attributional Style Questionnaire and Life Orientation Test: From Explanations to Expectations
Authors:   , Sullivan Gail
Published: February 2023

Recent research on dispositional optimism and explanatory style has linked these two theoretically different concepts of optimism effective coping, achievement, and physical health. The present study examined the relationship between the Life Orientation Test (LOT) and the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) to determine if making positive attributions is the same as having positive expectations. The LOT and ASQ was administered to 143 college students. A correlational analysis was used on the scores from the two tests. Results revealed a moderate correlation between the two measures and showed that the overall score of the ASQ to be more related to the LOT score than the individual dimension scores of the ASQ. The usefulness of the ASQ versus the LOT was discussed.
Child Sexual, Physical, and Emotional Abuse: The Long-Term Impact of Child Abuse on Adult Interpersonal Functioning
Authors:   , Landry Sarah
Published: February 2023

In order to appreciate the relationship problems child abuse victims experience in adulthood, there must first be a fundamental understanding of how the abusive relationship impacts a victim’s cognitions and behaviors. The various forms of child abuse include sexual, physical, and emotional. Information gathered from relevant child abuse literature is provided regarding definitions, statistics, prevalence, effects experienced in both childhood and adulthood, and effects on interpersonal functioning. Attachment theory’s working models and child attachment styles are discussed and introduced as potential sources for conceptualizing the interpersonal problems commonly associated with a history of child abuse. For this current study, a sample of 132 undergraduate students was obtained and divided into groups representing child abuse histories. The purpose was to examine the relationship between child sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and the presentation of relationship-specific attachment styles in adulthood. Results indicated that participants who did not experience abuse in childhood had attachment scores similar to a secure attachment style across all three relationships (mother, father, best friend), while the abuse groups exhibited a minimum of one insecure attachment style. All of the groups (Non-Abuse, Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse) had low avoidance and anxiety scores for mother and best friend, suggestive of a secure attachment. However, scores on avoidance were significantly elevated for relationship with father in the three abuse groups. These results suggest a dismissing attachment style with fathers if a history of any type of child abuse is present. In addition, relationship with mother for the Emotional Abuse group was also associated with significantly high avoidance scores, revealing a dismissing attachment style. Overall, scores on anxiety did not reflect any issues regarding low self-evaluation and thus did not provide evidence for its influence in abuse victims’ adult interpersonal functioning. However, issues regarding trust, which is well established throughout the child abuse literature, were evident in this study’s results. With the exception of the Non- Abuse group, participants displayed an avoidant attachment style (specifically dismissing) with their father for all types of abuse examined, as well as with their mother for the Emotional Abuse group. Abuse victims relied on their best friends and felt comfortable with this, as indicated by the secure attachment style within this adult relationship. Implications regarding these results and their potential use in clinical settings as well as society are provided.
Effects of Sex and Degree of Hurry on Helping Behavior
Authors:   , Heintzelman Elsa
Published: February 2023

This experiment examined the effects of sex and degree of hurry on helping behavior. Three levels of hurry and all possible helper-victim sex pairs were included. Six volunteers served as confederates for each of the experimental sessions. Six subjects, paired with the confederates by pre-arrangement, were instructed to complete varying amounts of a letter-cancel task within a ten minute time period. Confederates received more work than any subject, thus constituting the experimental victims. They were instructed to request help from their subject part way through the task. Frequency of helping, defined as the subject's agreement to complete the confederate's task before finishing his own work, was evaluated by analysis of variance. No significant overall effects due to sex or hurry were observed. However, results revealed a significant interaction between the variables of sex and degree of hurry.
An Exploratory Study Assessing the Academic Engagement and Social Interaction of Fifth and Sixth Grade Students with Specific Learning Disabilities in Regular Education, Inclusive, and Resource Rooms
Authors:   , Trentman Shane
Published: February 2023

Inclusion is a term used to describe the placement of students with special needs in general education. A primary goal of full inclusion stresses the socialization between students with disabilities and their general education peers instead of academic achievement. Opponents of full inclusion seek to maintain and expand the continuum of education placement. The primary focus of the current study was to explore differences in the level of social interactions and academic responses fifth and sixth grade students with LD made in resource room, inclusive, and regular classroom settings when no special education services were provided. Results indicated students with LD had equivalent levels of academic responding across settings, but more social interactions and less inappropriate behavior in the resource room. Implications of the current findings were discussed as well as recommendations for future research.
Military Bands and Music in the Frontier West, 1866-1891
Authors:   , Railsback Thomas
Published: February 2023

Regimental and post bands were an integral part of the United States Army in the trans -Mississippi West during the second half of the nineteenth century. These bands served to provide music both for ceremonial occasions and to entertain the general public. As such they were of inestimable value in fostering good relations with the civilians in the regions surrounding the various posts were they were stationed. Although the United States Congress officially recognized bands and permitted each regiment to support one, in most cases Congress did nothing to foster the musical development of bands itself. As a consequence, bands were somewhat limited in matters of personnel, finances, and housing causing some to suffer immense hardships. Those bands which were fortunate enough to belong to a regiment which had enough money to support them adequately often became excellent musical organizations, some of which could compare favorably with large Eastern musical groups such as the New York Philharmonic Orchestra and the various civilian bands which flourished during the period. Among the better- known bands were those of the Fourth, Fifth, and Seventh Cavalry and the Eighteenth Infantry Regiments. These bands were of excellent quality and were a credit to their respective regiments. According to accounts in many newspapers, these bands were appreciated both by the Army and by the civilian sector of the populace. Unfortunately, most historians of the Frontier Army have neglected bands and their contributions to life in the Frontier Army. Consequently, little is known of bands activities in the West, an oversight which this paper seeks to correct.
The Ephemeral
Authors:   , Gallatin Morgan
Published: February 2023

A collection of bronze, copper, stoneware, and mixed media pieces of art.