bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Portable Digital Chest X-Ray Machine for Tuberculosis Contact Tracing in Oyo and Osun States, Nigeria: A Formative Assessment
Authors: Agbaje Aderonke , Dakum Patrick , Daniel Olugbenga , Chukwuma Anyaike , Chijoke-Akaniro Obioma , Okpokoro Evaezi , Akingbesote Samuel , Anyomi Christian , Adekunle Adekola , Alege Abiola , Gbadamosi Moroof , Babalola Olutunde , Charles Mensah , Eneogu Rupert , Ihesie Austin , Nongo Debby , Adelekan Ademola
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the formative assessment to implement mobile portable chest X-ray (PDX) machines for Tuberculosis (TB) contact tracing in Oyo and Osun States, Nigeria. This descriptive qualitative study was carried out in 8 Local Government Areas, and 24 FGDs and 33 KIIs were conducted using a 4-stage sampling technique to select participants. Validated transcribed notes were entered and analysed using Nvivo. The respondents' ages ranged from 17-85 years, with a mean age of 42.08±14.9 years, and 4.0% had a postgraduate degree. The majority of the government officials stated that deploying the PDX machine intervention at the community level is the best means as it offers a level of convenience to the community members in the sense that there will be limited disruption to their daily activities as well as zero concerns about the cost of transportation to the health facility. The portable X-ray machine intervention should be implemented at the community level for contact tracing to allow more TB contacts living with the index patient to be screened. However, the PDX machine can also be set up in a special location, and the TB contacts can be invited for the screening.
(S)-1-Methyl-2-Oxoimidazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid
Authors: Dey Ashley L , Motevalli Majid , Abrahams Isaac , Wyatt Peter B.
Published: May 2024

(S)-1-Methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 1 is an analog of (S)-pyroglutamic acid, a key component of naturally occurring peptide hormones and synthetic pharmaceutical candidates. Reaction of (S)-2-amino-3-(methylamino)propionic acid with COCl2 and aqueous NaHCO3 followed by ion exchange afforded 1, which was recrystallized from acetonitrile and then characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, polarimetry, elemental microanalysis, high resolution mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The acid 1 crystallized in the orthorhombic chiral space group P212121 with cell constants a = 6.2275(4) Å, b = 8.3963(5) Å, c = 24.9490(14) Å. The X-ray crystal structure reveals that two distinct conformers of 1 occur at alternating positions within helices which are supported by hydrogen-bonding. Each molecule of 1 is linked to its two neighbors in the helix by a total of three hydrogen bonds and four molecules of 1 are contained within each turn of the helix. The pattern of hydrogen bonds illustrates a preference for the carboxylic acid group to act as a hydrogen bond donor and for the urea unit to be a hydrogen bond acceptor.
Farmers Preferentially Allocate More Land to Cultivation of Conventional White Maize Compared to Weevil-Resistant Biofortified Orange Maize
Authors: Nkhata Smith G , Watson Finason , Chimbaza Monica , Namaumbo Sydney , Kammwamba Kondwani , Chisapo Gift , Ngoma Theresa , Chilembo Madalitso , Matumba Limbikani
Published: May 2024

Successful translation of biofortified orange maize (BOM) to a household staple food is dependent on farmers’ ability to cultivate the maize and it subsequent utilization. In this study, we assessed farmers ‘allocation of their land to cultivation of BOM and con-ventional white maize (CWM) varieties in districts where AFI-KEPO Nutrition Program is implemented in Malawi. Results show farmers were skeptical of allocating more land to cultivation of BOM. CWM was allocated significantly more land (1.75 ± 0.51 acres) than BOM (1.12 ± 0.32 acres) (p
A New Retrieval Algorithm of Fractional Snow over the Tibetan plateau Derived from AVH09C1
Authors: Yin Hang , Xu Liyan , Li Yihang
Published: May 2024

Snow cover products are primarily derived from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) datasets. MODIS achieves both snow/non-snow discrimination and snow cover fractional retrieval, while early AVHRR-based snow cover products only focused on snow/non-snow discrimination. The AVHRR Climate Data Record (AVHRR -CDR) provides a nearly 40-year global dataset that has a potential to fill a gap in long term snow cover fractional monitoring. Our study selects the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the experimental area, utilizing AVHRR-CDR surface reflectance data (AVH09C1) and calibrating with MODIS snow product MOD10A1. The snow cover percentage retrieval from the AVHRR dataset is performed using Surface reflectance at 0.64μm (SR1) and Surface reflectance at 0.86μm (SR2), along with a simulated Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) model. Also, in order to detect the effects of land cover type and topography on snow inversion, we tested the accuracy of the algorithm with and without these influences, respectively (vanilla algorithm & improved algorithm). The accuracy of the AVHRR snow cover percentage data product is evaluated using MOD10A1、 ground snow-depth measurements and ERA5. Results indicate that the logic model based on NDSI has the best fitting effect, with R-square and RMSE values of 0.83 and 0.10, respectively. Meanwhile, the accuracy was improved after taking into account the effects of land cover type and topography. The model is validated using MOD10A1 snow-covered areas, showing snow cover area differences of less than 4% across 6 temporal phases. Improved algorithm results in better consistency with MOD10A1 than vanilla algorithm. Moreover, the RMSE reaches greater levels when the elevation is below 2,000 meters or above 6,000 meters, and is lower when the slope is between 16° and 20°. Using ground snow-depth measurements as ground truth, the multi-year recall rates are mostly above 0.7, with an average recall rate of 0.81. Results also show a high degree of consistency with ERA5. The validation results demonstrate that the AVHRR snow cover percentage remote sensing product proposed in this study exhibits high accuracy in the Tibetan Plateau region, also demonstrating that land cover type and topographic factors are important to the algorithm. Our study lays the foundation for the global snow cover percentage product based on AVHRR-CDR，furthermore lays a basic work for generating a long-term AVHRR-MODIS fractional snow cover dataset.
Improvement of intrusion detection in IoT Networks using a hybrid Machine and Metaheuristic Algorithm
Authors: Rahmani Parisa , Arefi Mohamad , Seyyed Shojae Seyyed MohamadSaber , Mirzaee Ashraf
Published: May 2024

In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the IoT, one of its challenges has been the field security and penetration in these networks. security solutions it Require more planning and awareness to ensure system security and privacy protection.it has also been shown that adjusting the weights of neural networks can help improve the accuracy of detection to what extent. the challenge in the attack detection field is to increase the accuracy of attack detection by machine learning methods, in this paper, a new method is presented to adjust weights of the random neural network for attack detection. Evaluations of the proposed method show that compared to random neural network methods, nearest neighbor, and support vector machine, the accuracy of attack detection improves up to 99.49 percent, and the random neural network method has been able to improve by 99.01 percent, placing the best methods together in these experiments in the form of a multi-learning model showed that the results also had an increase in accuracy up to 99.56 percent, while the training time in the proposed model is less compared to the random neural network method.
Formulasi dan Uji Iritasi Tabir Surya dengan Kandungan Aktif Pati Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus)
Authors: Saputri Asti Rizki , Fauzia Afifah Hasna , Khoirunnisa Afifah , Az-Zahra Mutiara , Pertiwi Deasy Vanda
Published: May 2024

Tabir surya dapat melindungi kulit manusia dari paparan radiasi ultraviolet penyebab kanker, tetapi beberapa tabir surya yang beredar di pasaran mengandung senyawa karsinogenik. Pemanfaatan pati umbi porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) sebagai zat aktif dalam formula tabir surya dapat menjadi alternatif sediaan tabir surya yang aman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan pati umbi porang sebagai tabir surya. Tahapan penelitian terdiri atas formulasi sediaan dengan konsentrasi pati umbi porang sebesar 5%, 10%, dan 15%, evaluasi sifat fisik, penentuan nilai SPF, dan uji iritasi terhadap hewan coba. Evaluasi sifat fisik terdiri atas uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji viskositas, uji daya sebar, dan uji daya lekat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tabir surya pati umbi porang memiliki penampakan fisik yang baik dan homogen. Nilai pH berada pada rentang 7,24±0,03-7,74±0,03, viskositas 2538,24±213,97-14356±4,3 cPs, daya lekat 0,69±0,23-1,32±0,09 detik, dan daya sebar 6,25±0,43-6,38±0,25 cm. Nilai SPF formula I, II, dan III berturut-turut adalah 5,143; 9,312; dan 17,231. Formula III merupakan formula terbaik dari segi sifat fisik dan tidak menimbulkan iritasi saat diuji pada hewan coba. Pati umbi porang disimpulkan dapat diformulasikan sebagai zat aktif dalam tabir surya.
An Investigation into the Interaction of Smart City Governance and Green Economy
Authors: Tuz Ahmet , Sertyeşilışık Egemen , Sertyeşilışık Begüm
Published: May 2024

Cities can be effectively transformed into smart cities (SCs) to support sustainability, green economy (GE) and sustainable development (SD). Urbanization policies are important for SCs’s effectiveness in GE and sustainability. The study aims to propose suggestion on preliminary pillars of the multi-layered conceptual model towards contribution of smart governance (SG) in SCs to GE and sustainability. Therefore, the study reviews the literature in different search engines (e.g., Web-of-Science, Scopus, Sciencedirect) with keyword combinations of SC, GE, SC governance and sustainability. The study examines SC examples and SG strategies to support GE. The findings highlight the contribution of SC and effective SG to the GE and the multi-layered nature of SC that changes strategically through a multi-actor and multi-sectoral approach. The results emphasize that sustainability interacts with the SC, creating a closed loop that supports SC governance to develop GE. Furthermore, the results provide preliminary suggestion on main pillars of the conceptual model as five aspects (technological, governance, environmental, social, economic) and five keys (ICT-led urban-growth, collaboration, integration, transparency & accountability, green performance) that can support GE because of the interactions of SG and SD. The study can be beneficial for municipalities, urban planners, and researchers in the relevant field.
Bireylerin Sağlıklı Yaşam Farkındalığı ile Yaşam Doyumu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Uludağ Şeyda , Öztürk Yunus Emre
Published: May 2024

Ortalama yaşam ömrünün uzaması, değişen yaşam kalitesi algısı, gelişen teknoloji gibi faktörler bireylerin artık daha sağlıklı yaşamak istemesini ve sağlıklı yaşam farkındalıklarının artmasını sağlamıştır. Bu farkındalık artışı bireylerin yaşam şekillerini ve dolayısıyla yaşamdan aldıkları doyumlarını da etkilemektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada sağlıklı yaşam farkındalığı ile yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, nicel araştırma yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiş olup tanımlayıcı niteliktedir. Anketler bireylere çevrimiçi olarak ulaştırılmış ve veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini Konya ili Selçuklu, Meram ve Karatay ilçelerinde yaşayan 18 yaş üstü bireyler, örneklemini ise kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile ulaşılan 414 birey oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında t-testi, anova analizi, pearson korelasyon analizi ve basit doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam farkındalıklarının ve yaşam doyumlarının çeşitli sosyodemografik değişkenlerden etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam farkındalıkları ile yaşam doyumları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ve bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam farkındalıklarının arttıkça yaşam doyumlarının da arttığı tespit edilmiştir.
Effect of soy protein a humidifier in the qualitative characteristics of the Barker factory of beef and chicken meat elderly
Authors: Al-Temimi Salem Saleh , Abdul-Hossen Saad , Al-Jomaily Sadiaa Mosa
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of adding different percentages of soy protein a humidifier to mix Sarcoma Barker component of the beef mixture Alkhalt added Alber elderly chicken with five ratios were manufacturing Alberkr discs for sensory evaluation
Study for evidence of bacteria contamination in the southern part of the Diyala River / Iraq
Authors: Al-Khalidy Sahera Hossen Hassan , Al-Thwani Amina N. , Al-Saadi Hossen Ali
Published: May 2024

Were studied some bacteria evidence of pollution as well as the total number of live bacteria in the waters of the Diyala river and selected five stations within the 17 km final Diyala River before its mouth in the Tigris River was the first before the new bridge of the Diyala River about 4 km and the second after the mouth of the water purification plant Rustumiya suit inverselywith temperatures
Develop Bactra system to determine Mutagens in the Environment, Food / IV modified Mutagens use of hydroxylamine
Authors: Al-Khfaji Zahra Mahmmod , Al-Azawi Ghaith Lotfi
Published: May 2024

Use Almtafr axis to study the response component that isolates gave a positive response to the use of standard Almtafr which leads to lower the temperature and the number of cells at a temperature suitable Rifampicin resistant less than that TJ and similarly reflected on the frequency of mutations induced
Analysis of the performance of a fiber optic sensor used to measure the intensity of the electric field
Authors: Hossen Salma Mohammed , Hamadi Oday Ata , Morakab Rania Aayid
Published: May 2024

In this research was conducted to provide a product to analyze the performance sensor fiber optic used to measure and feel the intensity of the electric field results showed obtained that use sensor long gives reactive high electric field strength and a high value for allergic sensor, but that is at the expense of reducing the intensity of the electric field that is detected
synthesis and polymerization of several unsaturated
Authors: Al-Salami Firyal
Published: May 2024

I attended some amides non grassy substitutes such as acrylic compounds Amaid Electron Amaid and Alsinamamaid interaction unsaturated acids such as acrylic acid or Ketronk ????????? with primary amines Malkhtlfah of acrylic monomers Alamayd
Influence of alcoholic extract crude fenugreek seeds on fertility in male mice eggs
Authors: Al-Robaiy Enam Ali S. , Al-Obaidi Sabah Abdul-Redah , Hayawi Rasmia Morad
Published: May 2024

Histologic changes were studied and physiological dosage crude alcoholic extract of seeds of the fenugreek plant for male mice eggs in different concentrations after oral to study testicular tissue and culverts where reason Abstract significant decrease
Effect of crude extracts of the plant local wolf riding in the growth of some fungi
Authors: Al-Biati Maison Khder , Zokiean Selfia A. , Al-Mola Raad Mehsin
Published: May 2024

Make a search on the vegetative parts of the plant local horse guilt of some elements in the Haj Omran area in northern Iraq has included recognition of certain nutrients
Estimaion of LgM-anti HEV rubella and cytomegalovirus in the sera of aborted women
Authors: Layla Ayaid K.Zgair , Layla K.Ali , M. s Farah. , Zgair Majeda K
Published: May 2024

Been investigating a Pfyrus antigen hepatitis pattern J and Virus-positive rubella viral hepatitis antibodies pattern J. declaration followed by the percentage rate-positive patients of measles Allmana antibodies
the coincidence lefschetz number for self-maps of lie groups
Authors: Naoum Adil G. , AL-Ta'iy Ban Jaffar
Published: May 2024

Let/. It :0 ---0 G be any two self maps of a compact connected oriented Lie group G. In this paper, for each positive integer k , we associate an integer with fk,hi . We relate this number with Lefschetz coincidence number. We deduce that for any two differentiable maps f, there exists a positive integer k such that k 5.2+1 , and there is a point x C G such that ft (x) = (x) , where A is the rank of G . Introduction Let G be an n-dimensional com -pact connected Lie group with multip-lication p ( .e 44:0 xG--+G such that p ( x , y) = x.y ) and unit e . Let [G, G] be the set of homotopy classes of maps G G . Given two maps f , f G ---• Jollowing [3], we write f. f 'to denote the map G-.Gdefined by 01.11® =A/WO= fiat® ,sea Given a point g EC and a differ-entiable map F: G G , write GA to denote the tangent space of G at g [4,p.10] , and denote by d x F the linear map rig F :Tx0 T, (x)G induced by F , it is called the differential of Fat g [4,p.22]. Let LA, Rx :0 G be respec-tively the left translation Lx(i)=4..(g,e) , and the right translation Rx(1)./..(gcg). Then there is a natural homomorphism Ad ,the adjoin representation, from G to GL(G•), (the group of nonsingular linear transformations of Qdefined as follows:- Ad(g)= deRe, od,Lx. Note that d xRc, ad.; =d(4,( Lx(e)))0 de; =d.(4, 04)=4(40 Re) = d(4(4, (e)))0 (44, =d ar, o (44, . Since G is connected , the image of Ad belongs to the connected component of G(G)containing the identity,i.e. for each g E 0, detAd(g) > 0 . By Exercise Al • Dr.-Prof.-Department of Mathematics- College of Science- University of Baghdad. •• Dr.-Department of Mathematics- College of Science for Woman- University of Baghdad.
Some properties of bismuth glass solubility visual containing 15% of zinc oxide Mall with concentrated phosphoric acid
Authors: Mohammed Hoseen Jasem
Published: May 2024

Conducted the study of the experimental conditions of the interaction of glass the visual Alpmuth containing 15% Mall of zinc with phosphoric acid ????? various degrees of thermal and clip areas prone to interact different way turntable
synthesis of novel n-Substituted phthalimidyl esters and thier applications
Authors: Al-Azawi Marouf , Ali Mohamad Shamil
Published: May 2024

Research has included preparation of three of n Vthal acids Amec Bmentoj high of interaction vehicles Ortometta and bar aminophenol with phthalic anhydride was withdrawn water and ring closure of acids Alvthal AMEC prepared
toxic and accumulation effects of cadmium and lead on microeystis
Authors: Hassan Fikrat m. , Kassim thaer I. , Al-Hayaly Athraa K
Published: May 2024

The study included a statement toxicity of some heavy metals individually and collectively and the existence of plant nutrients in the center Agirenk bluish green moss growth and Askhaddm biomass as an indicator of the study, in addition to portability moss on the accumulation of the metal
Using Normalization Process Theory (NPT) to explore implementation of the Maternal Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) Policy in Uganda: A reflection
Authors: Walugembe David Roger , Plamondon Katrina , Kaharuza Frank , Waiswa Peter , Wylie Lloy , Wathen Nadine , Kothari Anita
Published: May 2024

Background
The implementation of the maternal perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR) policy is among the envisaged strategies to reduce the high global burden of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. However, implementation of this policy across various contexts is inconsistent. Theoretically informed approaches to process evaluation can support assessment the implementation of policy interventions such as MPDSR, particularly in understanding what the actors involved actually do. In this article, we reflect on how the Normalization Process Theory (NPT) was used to explore implementation of the MPDSR Policy in Uganda. NPT is a sociological theory concerned with the social organization of the work (implementation) of making practices routine elements of everyday life (embedding) and of sustaining embedded practices in their social contexts (integration).
Methods
This qualitative multiple case study conducted across eight districts in Uganda and among ten health facilities (cases) representing four out of the seven levels of the Uganda health care system. NPT was utilized in several ways including informing the study design, structuring the data collection tools (semi-structured interview guides), providing an organizing framework for analysis, interpreting and reporting of study findings as well as making recommendations. Study participants were purposively selected to reflect the range of actors involved in the policy implementation process. This included direct care providers located at each of the cases, the Ministry of Health, and from agencies and professional associations. Data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth interviews and were inductively and deductively analyzed using NPT constructs and subconstructs.
Results and conclusion
NPT served useful for process evaluation, particularly in identifying factors that contribute to variations in policy implementation. Considering the NPT focus on the agency of people involved in implementation, additional efforts are required to understand how recipients of the policy intervention influence how the intervention becomes embedded within the various contexts.
RETRACTED: Exploring heavy metal tolerant bacteria from coal combustion residues of thermal power plant for using as possible bioremediation candidates
Authors: Saha Namita Das , Shrivastava Anamika
Published: May 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Preventive effect of combined compression and cooling therapy on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in taxane-based chemotherapy for lung cancer
Authors: Nakajima Yasuhiro , Kuribayashi Kozo , Tada Akio , Nagano Akichika , Otsuki Taiichiro , Minami Toshiyuki , Kanehiro Arihiko , Kijima Takashi
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Currently, taxane-based cytotoxic anticancer drugs are the drug of choice for chemotherapy in various carcinomas. However, they can induce chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which often has a significant impact on quality of life. Currently, only duloxetine is recommended for the relief of CIPN pain, but it does not provide significant improvement and it is important to prevent the onset of CIPN. There are few reports of preventive effects on chemotherapy for lung cancer and little is known about the combination of compression and cooling therapies.
Methods
At our institution, we have conducted a study in patients with advanced lung cancer on a taxane-containing regimen, using a combination of compression therapy and cooling therapy, to determine the preventive effect on CIPN.
Results
The results showed a reduction in the incidence of CIPN in the group treated with combination therapy compared with previous reports, while ensuring safety.
Conclusion
We believe that the combination of compression and cooling therapy may be useful in the prevention of CIPN.
Long-Term Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Imaging of Live Unlabeled Small Intestinal Organoids Using Low-Coherence Holotomography
Authors: Park YongKeun , Lee Mahn Jae , Lee Jaehyeok , Ha Jeongmin , Kim Geon , Kim Hye-Jin , Lee Sumin , Koo Bon-Kyoung
Published: May 2024

Organoids, which are miniature, in vitro versions of organs, present significant potential for studying human diseases and elucidating underlying mechanisms. To fully appreciate and understand the complex structure and dynamic biological phenomena of organoids, live imaging techniques play a crucial role in the field of organoid research. However, challenges in live, unlabeled high-resolution imaging of native organoids are prevalent, primarily due to the complexities of sample handling and optical scattering inherent in three-dimensional (3D) structures. Additionally, conventional imaging methods fall short in capturing the real-time dynamic processes of growing organoids. In this study, we introduce low-coherence holotomography as an advanced, label-free, quantitative imaging modality, designed to overcome related technical obstacles for long-term live imaging of 3D organoids. We demonstrate its efficacy by capturing high-resolution morphological details and dynamic activities within mouse small intestinal organoids at subcellular resolution. Moreover, our approach facilitates the distinction between viable and non-viable organoids, significantly enhancing its utility in organoid-based research. This advancement underscores the critical role of live imaging in organoid studies, offering a more comprehensive understanding of these complex systems.
Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of medical students towards designer drugs in Cairo university: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sara Ayham R. , Attia Abla Abdalmeguid , Mohammed Mai Ahmed , Alrabadi Saif E. , Essam Bassam , Albatrawi Amro A. M. , Alrubasy Warda A. , Sameer Shams Khalid , Taha Ahmad J. , Abuawwad Mohammad T. , Taha Mohammad J. J.
Published: May 2024

Designer drugs, which are psychoactive substances with ever-changing compositions, pose a significant challenge in terms of detection and treatment within the community. Given that medical students will play a crucial role as future doctors, there is a greater need for them to acquire knowledge about these substances. A total of 614 medical students participated in the study survey. In terms of knowledge level, 76.3% of students were familiar with synthetic marijuana, 70% with strox, and 53.3% with crystal myth. Social media platforms served as the primary source of knowledge for 70% of students, followed by friends (54%) and TV (49%). Regarding student perceptions, the majority (90%) believed that taking designer drugs is prohibited by religion, social norms, and the law. Additionally, 90% of students agreed that social media platforms are effective in increasing awareness about the risks of designer drugs, although more than 37% acknowledged that social media reports could potentially increase curiosity to try these substances. While only 20.4% had encountered patients using designer drugs, approximately 92% expressed a desire for more information on these substances to better fulfill their duty of raising awareness in society (87%). Findings of this study bring attention to the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of medical students at Cairo University regarding the issue of designer drugs. While their knowledge level is generally acceptable, participants expressed a need for more information, highlighting the importance of incorporating additional education on designer drugs into the medical curriculum.
Psychometric Evaluation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale Hindi Translation in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Mir Manzoor Ahmad , Iram Iram , Tanwar Tarushi , Aldabbas Mosab , Zaidi Sahar , Veqar Zubia , Ghulam Hussain Saleh H , Alkhamis Batool Abdulelah , Alnakhi Hani Hassan , Mukherjee Debjani , Ahmad Irshad , Sufyan Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Objective: The study's goal was to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and establish the psychometric properties of the Hindi version of the Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale [H-CNFDS] in chronic neck pain patients.
Method: It was a cross-sectional design of study where researchers adapted the English version of CNFDS into the Hindi language.
Setting: Participants were recruited from Physiotherapy clinics, & hospitals in Delhi, India.
Participants: Initial Researchers initially tested the Hindi version of CNFDS [H-CNFDS] on 60 participants enrolled in a pilot study. We enrolled an additional 20 participants for a cognitive debriefing on the final version of H-CN. After cross-cultural adaptation, we enrolled 100 more participants for psychometric testing of the final version of H-CNFDS, excluding those included for pilot testing and cognitive debriefing.
Intervention: We administered H-CNFDS, NDI, and NPRS to 100 prospectively enrolled participants with neck pain. After 48 hours, we also conducted a retest on 50 randomly selected participants from the initial group of 100.
Outcomes: We conducted statistical analysis to establish center reliability, test-retest consistency, tolerability, face, content, and construct validity.
Result: The ICC [2,1] obtained a test-retest score of 0.98 [95% confidence interval = 0.978–0.993], indicating excellent test-retest reliability of H-CNFDS. The value of Cronbach’s α for internal reliability was 0.98, which exhibited excellent internal reliability of H-CNFDS, and the SEM of the total scores of H-CNFDS was 0.16. The association between H-CNFDS and H-NDI was significant [r = 0.57], and the values suggested good construct validity.
Conclusion: The findings conclude that the Hindi version of CNFDS is a reliable and effective tool for evaluating pain and disability in chronic neck pain among Hindi-speaking patients in Indian research and clinical settings.
Effect of metal oxide contents on the structure and performance of spray dried CrVO4/SiO2 catalysts for the ammoxidation of chlorotoluenes
Authors: Tong Jiale , Huang Yeyin , Tang Wanjun , You Qingliang , Xie Guangyong
Published: May 2024

This work aims at developing a customized ammoxidation catalyst through optimizing the metal oxide content in CrVO4/SiO2 catalysts. Various amounts of Cr-V-O with 1:1 molar ratio of Cr/V were successfully loaded on SiO2 via spray drying method with colloidal silica as the binder. Polarized light microscope (PLM) illustrated that the CrVO4/SiO2 particles presented as well dispersed microspheres in the micro size (20-80 μm). X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) confirmed the formation of monoclinic CrVO4 phase wherein the metal oxide content was ranged from 30 to 70 weight percent. FT-IR spectra indicated that the introduction of metal oxide had no obvious effects on the skeletal structure of SiO2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the valence state of V and Cr was hardly affected with increasing the metal oxide content. Performances of the obtained CrVO4/SiO2 catalysts with different metal oxide contents were investigated via the ammoxidation of a model compound namely; para-chlorotoluene. As a result of catalytic test, the CrVO4/SiO2 catalyst with 60% metal oxide content exhibited the best catalytic performance. In addition, this catalyst was an efficient and selective catalyst toward ammoxidation reactions of toluene, ortho- and meta-chlorotoluenes.
A state-transition-free, delayed-feedback task elicits heterogeneous human responses
Authors: Hirata Satoshi , Sato Yutaro , Kuroshima Hika , Sakai Yutaka
Published: May 2024

Humans and nonhuman animals learn to perform actions by associating actions with outcomes. In everyday life, outcomes sometimes occur only after a delay, and at an unexpected moment. The ability to connect actions and delayed outcomes has received less attention than performance in tasks where rewards follow the most recent state and action. Here, we investigated humans’ ability to link actions and outcomes which occurred after an intervening cognitive task. We prepared a total of six visual stimuli for use in three types of trials: A vs B, where choosing A immediately led to reward and choosing B was never rewarded, C vs D, where neither choice was immediately rewarded but choice of C led to reward in a later E vs F trial, and E vs F, where neither stimulus was associated with reward but a reward was given based on choice of C in a previous trial. The quasi-random trial sequence meant that the next trial type was independent of choice in the current trial, ensuring a state-transition-free task structure. Results showed that some individuals learned to choose C, thereby receiving a delayed reward. We also observed large individual differences in participants’ explicit and implicit understanding of the link between action and delayed outcome, choice bias with no causal relationship but with close proximity to reward, and persistence of choice that actually reduced reward rates. Our results offer new insights into the ability to cognitively link actions and outcomes following a time lag.
Nomogram for Predicting Post-progression-free Survival in Patients with Recurrent Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma after Radical Surgery
Authors: Qin Dailei , Xi Pu , Huang Kewei , Jiang Lingmin , Yao Zeihui , Wei Ran , Li Shengping
Published: May 2024

Background: Radical resection is the only curative method for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, nearly 85% of PDAC patients suffer from local or distant recurrence within five years after curative resection. Furthermore, the progression of recurrent lesions accelerated the death of PDAC patients. However, the influence of clinicopathological factors on post-progression-free survival (PPFS), defined as the period from tumor recurrence to the timing of the progression of recurrent lesions, has rarely been discussed. The present study aimed to explore the independent prognostic factors for PPFS and construct a nomogram for PPFS prediction.
Methods: The 200 recurrent PDAC patients were randomly divided into training and validation groups, from which the clinicopathological characteristics were compared through a chi-square test. Consequently, these factors were enrolled in the multivariate COX regression to screen the independent prognostic factors of PPFS. Then, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis based on the independent prognostic factors was performed. At last, we constructed a nomogram model for PPFS prediction, followed by an effectiveness examination.
Results: PDAC patients who received multi-agent chemotherapy after surgery showed a better PPFS than the single-agent chemotherapy group. PDAC patients who received multi-agent chemotherapy after recurrence showed a similar PPFS compared to the single-agent chemotherapy group. Local recurrence with distant metastases, early recurrence, lympho-vascular invasion, higher T stage, and higher N stage predicted worse PPFS in recurrent PDAC patients. Finally, a nomogram to indicate the progression of recurrent lesions was constructed based on the independent prognostic factors.
Conclusion: Chemotherapy after surgery, chemotherapy after recurrence, lymph vascular invasion, T stage, N stage, recurrence patterns, and time to recurrence were independent prognostic factors for PPFS. The nomogram model provided a new way for PPFS prediction in recurrent PDAC patients.
Associations of dietary calcium and magnesium intake with chronic diarrheal symptoms and inflammatory bowel disease: a large cross- sectional study in adults
Authors: Li Jinru , Long Dan , Huang Ying , Zhu Jiaqi , Zhu Ying
Published: May 2024

Objective
This study evaluated the relationships between dietary magnesium and calcium intake and symptoms of chronic diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Globally, the prevalence of IBD and chronic diarrheal symptoms is increasing. Research on nutritional factors in the diet associated with IBD and chronic diarrheal symptoms may be helpful.
Method
We performed a cross-sectional analysis utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data in 2005-2010. Information on dietary calcium and magnesium intake was assessed using the first 24-hour dietary recall interview, and IBD and chronic diarrheal symptoms were presented by questionnaire. Correlations were examined using multivariable logistic regression equations.
Result
After adjusting for relevant variables, those with higher dietary intakes of calcium and magnesium showed a higher frequency of IBD (highest quartile calcium intake: OR = 3.685, 95% CI = 1.572-8.641; highest quartile magnesium intake: OR = 2.985, 95% CI = 1.256-7.094), and similar results were observed in chronic diarrheal symptoms (highest quartile calcium intake: OR = 1.115, 95% CI = 1.001-1.242; third and fourth quartiles of magnesium intake: OR = 1.155, 95% CI = 1.038-1.285; OR = 1.144, 95% CI = 1.024-1.277). The inflection points for calcium and magnesium intake with chronic diarrheal symptoms were 1690 mg and 351 mg. Subgroup analyses revealed that a stronger correlation between dietary calcium and chronic diarrheal symptoms was more significant among elderly adults (≥60 years), participants with hypertension, and Mexican-American people. Conversely, the link between dietary magnesium and chronic diarrheal symptoms was stronger in females and participants with hypertension.
Conclusion
In conclusion, higher dietary calcium and magnesium intakes were associated with higher prevalence of IBD and chronic diarrheal symptoms, this will draw attention to daily calcium and magnesium intake in patients with IBD and chronic diarrheal symptoms.
The predictive values of dynamic blood lipid profile for mortality in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Deng Jiayi , Yuan Yihao , Zhang Ting , Li Fanglin , Xu Min , Wu Guobao , Wu Chenfang , Zhong Yanjun , Zhong Xiaoli
Published: May 2024

Background
Lipid metabolism is particularly affected in response to acute infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. The association between levels of lipid profiles and mortality in COVID-19 patients has become the subject of increasing interest.
Objective
To evaluate the predictive capacity of dyslipidemia for COVID-19 mortality based on dynamic data.
Methods
we conducted a retrospective, observational study, involving 135 COVID-19 patients admitted between January 1 and March 26, 2020.
Results
We found that non-survivals with COVID-19 displayed persistent dyslipidemia, including lower levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with higher levels of triglycerides during the early stages of hospitalization. Notably, both the absolute values or the changes of TC, HDL, and LDL were closely related to mortality, and the AUCs of these three indicators at all time points and their changes were greater than 0.7. Notably, the values of AUCs of TC, HDL, and LDL at week 3 were 0.891, 0.895, and 0.879, while the AUCs for change of TC, HDL, and LDL were 0.975, 0.950 and 0.925 at week3 − 1. Spearman correlation analyses showed that TC, HDL and LDL were significantly associated with CRP, D-dimer, BUN, CK and BNP at all four time points.
Conclusion
Blood lipid levels in the third week and changes from week 1 to week 3 are critical for predicting the mortality of COVID-19. Healthcare providers should pay close attention to the dynamic changes in lipid levels of COVID-19 patients.
Chemo-radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical hysterectomy in women with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer: Do we need to change the therapeutic approach? a cohort study
Authors: Nikfar Somayeh , Mousavi Azam Sadat , Akhavan Setareh , Sheikhhasani Shahrzad , Almasi-Hashiani Amir , Parvizrad Ramin , Zamani Narges
Published: May 2024

Background:
Chemo-radiotherapy is recommended as the standard treatment for advanced cervical cancer, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can be beneficial for patients on long radiotherapy waiting lists. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the need for chemo-radiotherapy after NACT and radical hysterectomy in women with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer.
Methods:
This study is a retrospective cohort study. All patients of gynecologic oncology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran who were diagnosed with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer and were treated with NACT and radical hysterectomy between 2010 and 2020, were included in this study. The records of all patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated during the study period. The interested outcomes and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed.
Results:
In this study, clinical files of 613 patients with cervical cancer were studied and among them, 63 patients (10.2% of patients) underwent NACT. Eighteen patients (33.3%) did not require another treatment modality after chemotherapy and radical hysterectomy, while 66.7% (36 cases) of patients needed chemo-radiotherapy after NACT and radical hysterectomy, and recurrence was observed in 11.6% (5 cases) of patients. The 1-, 5- and 10-year PFS rate was 97.6% (95% CI: 84.2-99.6), 89.5% (95% CI: 74.4-95.9) and 89.5% (95% CI: 74.4-95.9), respectively.
Conclusions:
It can be concluded that a significant percentage of patients who are candidates for NACT followed by radical hysterectomy, would require another modality of treatment, which is chemo-radiotherapy; therefore, it is recommended that by conducting prospective studies, in addition to investigating this issue, the choice of the first method of patients treatment in these stages should be reconsidered so that the patient does not suffer from two treatments and related complications, and patients undergo chemo-radiotherapy from the beginning.
p53/PD-L1 co-expression predicts poor prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Jing Yaoyao , Yuan Ying , Yu Yong , Zhao Haifeng , Yang Hongliang , Wang Xiaofang
Published: May 2024

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and survival of p53 and PD-L1 co-expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients.
Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of p53 and PD-L1 in tumor cells of 176 patients with DLBCL. Clinical datawere retrospectively examined along with long-term follow-up. Correlation between the expression of p53 and PD-L1 and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was assessed. Impact of Rituximab on prognosis among DLBCL patients with positive expression of p53 and PD-L1 was evaluated.
Results: p53 expression, PD-L1 expression, and P53/PD-L1 co-expression were present in 44.9%, 42.0%, and 25.6% of patients with DLBCL, respectively. No significant differences existed in the clinicopathological characteristics between patients with positive and negative p53 expressionand between patients with positive and negative PD-L1 expression. However, more co-expression of p53/PD-L1 was observed in patients with non-GCB subtypes (p = 0.005). Survival analysis indicated that patients exhibiting p53/PD-L1 co-expression had decreased PFS and OS compared to those demonstrating positive expression of either p53 or PD-L1, and in addition, both negative p53/PDL1 expression. Rituximab failed to substantially modify the prognosis of patients. p53/PD-L1 co-expression is an independent indicator of adverse prognosis.
Conclusions: Co-expression of p53/PD-L1 in DLBCL patients implies an unfavorable prognostic group, which doesn't derive benefit from Rituximab.
A self-assessment maturity matrix to support large-scale change using collaborative networks in the New Zealand health system
Authors: Sharma Kanchan M , Jones Peter B , Cumming Jacqueline , Middleton Lesley
Published: May 2024

Background
A maturity matrix can be a useful tool for organisations implementing large-system transformation (LST) initiatives in complex systems. Insights from implementation of a local LST initiative using Alliances as collaborative networks highlighted a tool was needed to help health system leaders prompt discussions on how and where to focus their change efforts.
Methods
The aim of this research was to use insights from Alliance members to develop a New Zealand (NZ)-specific maturity matrix that collaborative networks could use as a learning tool to assess and improve their readiness for large-scale change. We constructed a maturity matrix using the knowledge of senior NZ health system leaders, in a workshop setting. The maturity matrix was empirically tested and refined with three Alliance Leadership Teams (ALTs) and with feedback from the NZ Ministry of Health Māori Health Strategy and Policy team.
Results
The maturity matrix described the 10 key elements that had been found to support successful implementation of LST initiatives in the NZ health system, along with success indicators and different stages of maturity from beginning to excellence. Testing of the maturity matrix with three ALTs suggested that it functioned as a learning tool and stimulated collective thinking and reflection for ALTs. More mature ALTs focused on improvement opportunities while less mature ALTs placed emphasis on the maturity scores and the performance of individual providers. The Māori Health Strategy and Policy team commented on the importance of such a tool to increase health system leaders’ responsiveness to improving Māori health outcomes. Comparisons with similar international matrices revealed common elements with ours. A strength of our maturity matrix is that it is specific to the NZ context and is the first practical tool to implement large-scale change in the health system that incorporates principles of the Government’s treaty with Māori, the indigenous people of NZ.
Conclusions
Through a regular self-assessment process, use of the maturity matrix may create feedback loops to support deliberate learning and knowledge sharing for senior health system leaders and collaborative networks. The maturity matrix fills an important gap in the NZ health system and contributes to implementation science literature internationally.
Other
This study was approved by the Victoria University of Wellington Human Ethics Committee (Ethics Approval Number 27356). The research was supported by the Victoria University of Wellington research grant (222809) and from the University of Auckland Department of Medicine research fund (H10779).
Effects of the Combined Intervention of Exercise, Fruit, and Vitamin Supplementation on Frailty in Older Adults (EFVF): Rationale, Design, and Methods
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Lu Yan , Jin Lingling , Xie Hankun , Wang Linchi , Fan Wei , Wu Xuefei , Shen Chong
Published: May 2024

Background
Frailty is a complex, dynamic, age-related clinical condition. Muscle strength, a critical indicator of frailty, decreases with advancing age. It is not known whether community-dwelling older adults with frailty modifiable risk factors, such as low levels of physical activity and fruit intake, might benefit from lifestyle interventions at both population and individual levels.
Methods
EFVF is a cluster-randomized trial including older individuals aged 65–80 years old with low levels of physical activity and fruit intake living in eastern China. Totally 14 villages will be randomized into 2 arms with 1:1 ratio, overall including ≥ 934 participants. Participants in the intervention arm will receive the combined intervention of physical activity, fruit, and vitamin supplementation 3 times a week for 2 months (the 1st and 6th months). Standardized health education and communication sessions will be conducted as well. Participants in the control arm will not receive any intervention. The primary outcome is the change in handgrip strength at 12 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes include handgrip strength, frailty index, lipid parameters, fasting blood glucose, and a composite of all-cause death or hospitalization for myocardial infarction, angina, or stroke. The study also includes an assessment of the cultivation of physical activity and fruit intake habits, as well as an economic evaluation.
Discussion
The study will target older adults with modifiable risk factors for frailty, to investigate whether the combined intervention might limit the decline of grip strength, frailty progression, and reduce the incidence of adverse events. If effective, it could provide a well-established and cost-effective strategy for frailty prevention in community settings.
Trial registration:
Clinical Trails.gov PRS Protocol Registration and Results System, NCT06225271, (Jan 17, 2024).