bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innate Immunity Components and Cytokines in Gastric Mucosa in Children with Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Michalkiewicz Jacek , Helmin-Basa Anna , Grzywa Renata , Czerwionka-Szaflarska Mieczyslawa , Szaflarska-Poplawska Anna , Mierzwa Grazyna , Marszalek Andrzej , Bodnar Magdalena , Nowak Magdalena , Dzierzanowska-Fangrat Katarzyna
Published: April 2015

Purpose. To investigate the expression of innate immunity components and cytokines in the gastric mucosa among H. pylori infected and uninfected children. Materials and Methods. Biopsies of the antral gastric mucosa from children with dyspeptic symptoms were evaluated. Gene expressions of innate immunity receptors and cytokines were measured by quantitative real‐time PCR. The protein expression of selected molecules was tested by immunohistochemistry. Results. H. pylori infection did not lead to a significant upregulation of MyD88, TLR2, TLR4, CD14, TREM1, and TREM2 mRNA expression but instead resulted in high mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and CD163. H. pylori cagA(+) infection was associated with higher IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression, as compared to cagA(−) strains. H. pylori infected children showed increased IFN‐γ and TNF‐α protein levels. IFN‐γ mRNA expression correlated with both H. pylori density of colonization and lymphocytic infiltration in the gastric mucosa, whereas TNF‐α protein expression correlated with bacterial density. Conclusion. H. pylori infection in children was characterized by (a) Th1 expression profile, (b) lack of mRNA overexpression of natural immunity receptors, and (c) strong anti‐inflammatory activities in the gastric mucosa, possibly resulting from increased activity of anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages. This may explain the mildly inflammatory gastric inflammation often observed among H. pylori infected children.
Design of Fixed Beamformers Based on Vector-Sensor Arrays
Authors: Hawes Matthew , Liu Wei
Published: April 2015

Vector-sensor arrays such as those composed of crossed dipole pairs are used as they can account for a signal’s polarisation in addition to the usual direction of arrival information, hence allowing expanded capacity of the system. The problem of designing fixed beamformers based on such an array, with a quaternionic signal model, is considered in this paper. Firstly, we consider the problem of designing the weight coefficients for a fixed set of vector-sensor locations. This can be achieved by minimising the sidelobe levels while keeping a unitary response for the main lobe. The second problem is then how to find a sparse set of sensor locations which can be efficiently used to implement a fixed beamformer. We propose solving this problem by converting the traditionall1norm minimisation associated with compressive sensing into a modifiedl1norm minimisation which simultaneously minimises all four parts of the quaternionic weight coefficients. Further improvements can be made in terms of sparsity by converting the problem into a series of iteratively solved reweighted minimisations, as well as being able to enforce a minimum spacing between active sensor locations. Design examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design methods.
Anxious and Nonanxious Mice Show Similar Hippocampal Sensory Evoked Oscillations under Urethane Anesthesia: Difference in the Effect of Buspirone
Authors: Horváth János , Barkóczi Balázs , Müller Géza , Szegedi Viktor
Published: April 2015

Hippocampal oscillations recorded under urethane anesthesia are proposed to be modulated by anxiolytics. All classes of clinically effective anxiolytics were reported to decrease the frequency of urethane theta; however, recent findings raise concerns about the direct correlation of anxiolysis and the frequency of hippocampal theta. Here, we took advantage of our two inbred mouse strains displaying extremes of anxiety (anxious (AX) and nonanxious (nAX)) to compare the properties of hippocampal activity and to test the effect of an anxiolytic drugs. No difference was observed in the peak frequency or in the peak power between AX and nAX strains. Buspirone (Bus) applied in 2.5 mg/kg decreased anxiety of AX but did not have any effect on nAX as was tested by elevated plus maze and open field. Interestingly, Bus treatment increased hippocampal oscillatory frequency in the AX but left it unaltered in nAX mice. Saline injection did not have any effect on the oscillation. Paired-pulse facilitation was enhanced by Bus in the nAX, but not in the AX strain. Collectively, these results do not support the hypothesis that hippocampal activity under urethane may serve as a marker for potential anxiolytic drugs. Moreover, we could not confirm the decrease of frequency after anxiolytic treatment.
Seasonality of Climate Drives the Number of Tree Hollows in Eastern Australia: Implications of a Changing Climate
Authors: Hunter John T.
Published: April 2015

Tree hollow number is investigated across an altitudinal and climatic gradient in eastern Australia. The relationship between seasonal climate and local site factors to hollow number at a regional scale was investigated. Moisture retention, rainfall, and solar radiation during the summer period were the highest contributing factors to hollow number in the model presented. The relationship of hollow number with the significant variables was unimodal in nature with either extreme causing a decline within the region. The results indicate that increased seasonality of rainfall, solar radiation, and temperatures as predicted by anthropogenic climate change will cause a shift in the optimal location for hollow number. Change in tree hollows is reliant on taxonomic replacement through dispersal and establishment and subsequently time to allow individuals to mature. The reduction in this resource stimulated by changes in seasonality predicted within the ensuing decades is likely to cause a loss of hollows across the landscape with the resource not being replaced for hundreds of years. The number of hollows within a landscape may drastically reduce due to climate change alone irrespective of tree clearing rates.
Locoregional and Distant Recurrence Patterns in Young versus Elderly Women Treated for Breast Cancer
Authors: Rudra Soumon , Yu David S. , Yu Esther S. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Mister Donna , Torres Mylin A.
Published: April 2015

Objective. This study examined recurrence patterns in breast cancer patients younger than age of 40 and older than age of 75, two groups that are underrepresented in clinical trials and not routinely screened by mammography.Methods. The records of 230 breast cancer patients (n=125less than 40 andn=105greater than 75) who presented to the Emory University Department of Radiation Oncology for curative treatment between 1997 and 2010 were reviewed. Data recorded included disease presentation, treatment, and areas of locoregional recurrence.Results. Women less than 40 years of age had higher rates of locoregional recurrence (20% versus 7%,P=0.004) and distant recurrence (18% versus 5%,P=0.003) than patients above 75 years of age. On multivariate analysis, patient age less than 40 was the only significant predictor of locoregional recurrence (P=0.018). In a univariate analysis of each age group, receptor status and postlumpectomy radiation were significant predictors of locoregional recurrence-free survival in younger women while mammography screening predicted for distant recurrence-free survival in older patients.Conclusion. The factors identified in our age-stratified analysis highlight patients who are at high risk of locoregional and distant recurrence. Future studies aimed at enhancing therapies in young patients are warranted.
Immediate, Early, and Conventional Implant Placement in a Patient with History of Periodontitis
Authors: Lanza Alessandro , Scognamiglio Fabio , Femiano Felice , Lanza Michele
Published: April 2015

The aim of this paper is to describe a case of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation in a patient with periodontitis, focusing on the different timing of implant placement. After initial periodontal treatment, teeth with advanced mobility degree and severe bone resorption were extracted. At different healing time oral implants were placed in a prosthetic-guided position. After osseointegration period the implants were loaded and the results at one year of follow-up are presented.
Fourier Rotman Lens Enabled Directional Modulation Transmitter
Authors: Ding Yuan , Zhang Yunhua , Fusco Vincent
Published: April 2015

A 10 GHz Fourier Rotman lens enabled dynamic directional modulation (DM) transmitter is experimentally evaluated. Bit error rate (BER) performance is obtained via real-time data transmission. It is shown that Fourier Rotman DM functionality enhances system security performance in terms of narrower decodable low BER region and higher BER values associated with BER sidelobes especially under high signal to noise ratio (SNR) scenarios. This enhancement is achieved by controlled corruption of constellation diagrams in IQ space by orthogonal injection of interference. Furthermore, the paper gives the first report of a functional dual-beam DM transmitter, which has the capability of simultaneously projecting two independent data streams into two different spatial directions while simultaneously scrambling the information signals along all other directions.
Kinematics Analysis of the Roller Screw Based on the Accuracy of Meshing Point Calculation
Authors: Liu Yanqiang , Wang Jianshen , Cheng Hongxun , Sun Yapeng
Published: April 2015

This paper investigates the meshing behavior of the roller screw, a mechanical transmission device characterized by threaded rollers that transfer a load between the nut and the screw, by analyzing the meshing characteristics between screw and rollers. This study seeks to establish a more accurate mathematical model for the thread surface by creating a modeling process in which the max radiuses of the threads are calculated more precisely. The contact line distribution and the contact location were also calculated in order to confirm the cross section of the meshing points. In the research presented in this paper, the actual transmission ratio is analyzed and the study results in a new method to calculate the actual transmission ratio. In this study, the helical angle and the vertex angle are proven to be of great significance after a careful analysis of their influence is conducted.
Double Orifice Mitral Valve and Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Pieces of the Same Single Puzzle?
Authors: Şaylık Faysal , Mutluer Ferit Onur , Tosu Aydın , Selçuk Murat
Published: April 2015

Double orifice mitral valve is a very rare congenital abnormality. Well known associations of this pathology with other congenital lesions point to a complex and central pathophysiological mechanism leading to a sequence of pathologies. These associations have long been realized and arbitrarily defined as Shone complex. We would like to present a 21-year-old patient with double orifice mitral valve associated with bicuspid aortic valve, with a brief review of the literature on possible central mechanisms leading to different subsets of congenital abnormalities involving these two.
Diagnosis and Management of Perforated Duodenal Ulcers following Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass: A Report of Two Cases and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Iskandar Mazen E. , Chory Fiona M. , Goodman Elliot R. , Surick Burton G.
Published: April 2015

Perforated duodenal ulcers are rare complications seen after roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGP). They often present as a diagnostic dilemma as they rarely present with pneumoperitoneum on radiologic evaluation. There is no consensus as to the pathophysiology of these ulcers; however expeditious treatment is necessary. We present two patients with perforated duodenal ulcers and a distant history of RYGP who were successfully treated. Their individual surgical management is discussed as well as a literature review. We conclude that, in patients who present with acute abdominal pain and a history of RYGB, perforated ulcer needs to be very high in the differential diagnosis even in the absence of pneumoperitoneum. In these patients an early surgical exploration is paramount to help diagnose and treat these patients.
Simulation and Study of Power Quality Issues in a Fixed Speed Wind Farm Substation
Authors: Magesh T. , Chellamuthu C.
Published: April 2015

Power quality issues associated with the fixed speed wind farm substation located at Coimbatore district are investigated as the wind generators are tripping frequently. The investigations are carried out using two power quality analyzers, Fluke 435 and Dranetz PX5.8, with one of them connected at group control breaker of the 110 kV feeder and the other at the selected 0.69 kV generator busbar during the period of maximum power generation. From the analysis of the recorded data it is found that sag, swell, and transients are the major events which are responsible for the tripping of the generators. In the present study, simulation models for wind, turbine, shaft, pitch mechanism, induction generator, and grid are developed using DIgSILENT. Using the turbine characteristics, a two‐dimensional lookup table is designed to generate a reference pitch angle necessary to simulate the power curve of the passive stall controlled wind turbine. Various scenarios and their effects on the performance of the wind farm are studied and validated with the recorded data and waveforms. The simulation model will be useful for the designers for planning and development of the wind farm before implementation.
Optimal Control Strategy for Abnormal Innate Immune Response
Authors: Tan Jinying , Zou Xiufen
Published: April 2015

Innate immune response plays an important role in control and clearance of pathogens following viral infection. However, in the majority of virus-infected individuals, the response is insufficient because viruses are known to use different evasion strategies to escape immune response. In this study, we use optimal control theory to investigate how to control the innate immune response. We present an optimal control model based on an ordinary-differential-equation system from a previous study, which investigated the dynamics and regulation of virus-triggered innate immune signaling pathways, and we prove the existence of a solution to the optimal control problem involving antiviral treatment or/and interferon therapy. We conduct numerical experiments to investigate the treatment effects of different control strategies through varying the cost function and control efficiency. The results show that a separate treatment, that is, only inhibiting viral replication (u1(t)) or enhancing interferon activity (u2(t)), has more advantages for controlling viral infection than a mixed treatment, that is, controlling both (u1(t)) and (u2(t)) simultaneously, including the smallest cost and operability. These findings would provide new insight for developing effective strategies for treatment of viral infectious diseases.
Effect of MXene (Nano‐Ti3C2) on Early‐Age Hydration of Cement Paste
Authors: Yin Haibin , Zhu Jianping , Guan Xuemao , Yang Zhengpeng , Zhu Yu , Zhao Hongyi , Zhang Zhanying , Zhou Aiguo , Zhang Xing , Feng Chunhua , Li Dongxu
Published: April 2015

As a new two‐dimensional material, MXene (nano‐Ti3C2) has been widely applied in many fields, especially for reinforced composite materials. In this paper, mechanical testing, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), hydration heat, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and EDS analysis were used to analyze the impact of MXene on cement hydration properties. The obtained results revealed that (a) MXene could greatly improve the early compressive strength of cement paste with 0.04 wt% concentration, (b) the phase type of early‐age hydration products has not been changed after the addition of MXene, (c) hydration exothermic rate within 72 h has small difference at different amount of MXene, and (d) morphologies of hydration products were varied with the dosage of MXene, a lot of tufted ettringites appeared in 3 d hydration products when the content of MXene was 0.04 wt%, which will have a positive effect on improving the early mechanical properties of cement paste. MXene has inhibited the Portland cement hydration process; the main role of MXene in the cement hydration process is to promote the messy ettringite becoming regular distribution at a node and form network connection structure in the crystals growth process, making the mechanics performance of cement paste significantly improved.
Gastroprotective Effect of Geopropolis fromMelipona scutellarisIs Dependent on Production of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin
Authors: Ribeiro-Junior Jerônimo Aparecido , Franchin Marcelo , Cavallini Miriam Elias , Denny Carina , Alencar Severino Matias de , Ikegaki Masaharu , Rosalen Pedro Luiz
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of geopropolis (EEGP) fromMelipona scutellarisand to investigate the possible mechanisms of action. The gastroprotective activity of the EEGP was evaluated using model ulcer induced by ethanol. To elucidate the possible mechanisms of action, we investigated the involvement of the nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) groups, nitric oxide and prostaglandins. In addition, the antisecretory activity of EEGP was also evaluated by pylorus ligated model. The EEGP orally administrated (300 mg/kg) reduced the ulcerative lesions induced by the ethanol (P<0.05). Regarding the mechanism of action, the prior administration of nitric oxide and prostaglandins antagonists suppressed the activity of gastroprotective EEGP (P<0.05). On the other hand the gastroprotective activity of EEGP was kept in the group pretreated with the antagonist of the NP-SH groups; furthermore the antisecretory activity was not significant (P>0.05). These results support the alternative medicine use of geopropolis as gastroprotective and the activities observed show to be related to nitric oxide and prostaglandins production.
TTBK2: A Tau Protein Kinase beyond Tau Phosphorylation
Authors: Liao Jung-Chi , Yang T. Tony , Weng Rueyhung Roc , Kuo Ching-Te , Chang Chih-Wei
Published: April 2015

Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) is a kinase known to phosphorylate tau and tubulin. It has recently drawn much attention due to its involvement in multiple important cellular processes. Here, we review the current understanding of TTBK2, including its sequence, structure, binding sites, phosphorylation substrates, and cellular processes involved. TTBK2 possesses a casein kinase 1 (CK1) kinase domain followed by a ~900 amino acid segment, potentially responsible for its localization and substrate recruitment. It is known to bind to CEP164, a centriolar protein, and EB1, a microtubule plus-end tracking protein. In addition to autophosphorylation, known phosphorylation substrates of TTBK2 include tau, tubulin, CEP164, CEP97, and TDP-43, a neurodegeneration-associated protein. Mutations of TTBK2 are associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 11. In addition, TTBK2 is essential for regulating the growth of axonemal microtubules in ciliogenesis. It also plays roles in resistance of cancer target therapies and in regulating glucose and GABA transport. Reported sites of TTBK2 localization include the centriole/basal body, the midbody, and possibly the mitotic spindles. Together, TTBK2 is a multifunctional kinase involved in important cellular processes and demands augmented efforts in investigating its functions.
Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy Combined with Canaliculus Repair for the Management of Dacryocystitis with Canalicular Obstruction
Authors: Tu Yunhai , Qian Zhenbin , Zhang Jiao , Wu Wencan , Xiao Tianlin
Published: April 2015

Purpose. The aim of this study is to propose a simple and efficient combination surgery for the management of dacryocystitis with canalicular obstruction.Methods. A retrospective noncomparative case series of dacryocystitis with canalicular obstruction has been studied. Twelve patients with dacryocystitis and canalicular obstruction underwent a conventional endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EE-DCR) combined with a modified canalicular repair. Postoperative observations included slit lamp, fluorescein dye disappearance test, lacrimal syringing, lacrimal endoscopy, and nasal endoscopy.Results. After 6–18 months of postoperative follow-up, the symptoms of epiphora and mucopurulent discharge disappeared completely in 10 patients, and occasional or intermittent epiphora remained in 2 patients. All of the twelve patients showed an opened intranasal ostium and normal fluorescein dye disappearance test. Patent bicanalicular irrigation was achieved in 9 patients. One patient had a partial and the other two had a complete reobstruction by lacrimal irrigation to their repaired lower canaliculus; however, all of them had a patent lacrimal irrigation to upper canaliculus. The functional success rate for the combination surgery is 83% (10/12), and anatomical success rate is 75% (9/12).Conclusion. EE-DCR combined with modified canalicular repair is a simple and efficient method for the management of dacryocystitis with canalicular obstruction.
Shaping Ability of Reciproc, UnicOne, and Protaper Universal in Simulated Root Canals
Authors: Matos Maia Filho Etevaldo , de Castro Rizzi Cláudia , Bandeca Coelho Matheus , Freitas Santos Sara , Mayanne Oliveira Costa Luzia , Nunes Carvalho Ceci , Rodolfo de Jesus Tavarez Rudys , Alves Soares Janir
Published: April 2015

The study aimed to compare the shaping effects, preservation of the original curvature, and transportation of the apical foramen of Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany), UnicOne (Medin, Nové Město na Moravě, Czech Republic), and Protaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in simulated root canals. Thirty resin blocks with simulated curved root canals were distributed into three groups (n = 10), and prepared using Reciproc (RCp), UnicOne (UnO) and the Protaper Universal (PTu). Standardized photographs were taken before and after the instrumentation, after which they were superimposed. Measurements were taken of the quantity of resin removed from the inner and outer walls of the curvature at 6 levels, the curvature angles before and after instrumentation, and the transportation of the apical foramen. RCp obtained the highest values for amount of resin removed from the inner wall while UnO demonstrated similar shaping on both the inner and outer walls. PTu produced the greatest transportation of foramen when compared to the reciprocating instruments. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the change in angle (P > 0.05). All the instruments were capable of maintaining the original curvature of the root canal; however, the UnO, which used reciprocating movement, produced more conservative shapes with lower foramen transportation.
Alpha-Mangostin Attenuation of Hyperglycemia-Induced Ocular Hypoperfusion and Blood Retinal Barrier Leakage in the Early Stage of Type 2 Diabetes Rats
Authors: Jariyapongskul Amporn , Areebambud Chonticha , Suksamrarn Sunit , Mekseepralard Chantana
Published: April 2015

The present study examined effects of alpha-mangostin (α-MG) supplementation on the retinal microvasculature, including ocular blood flow (OBF) and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) permeability in a type 2 diabetic animal model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal control and diabetes with or withoutα-MG supplementation. Alpha-mangostin (200 mg/Kg/day) was administered by gavage feeding for 8 weeks. The effects ofα-MG on biochemical and physiological parameters including mean arterial pressure (MAP), OBF, and BRB leakage were investigated. Additionally, levels of retinal malondialdehyde (MDA), advance glycation end products (AGEs), receptor of advance glycation end products (RAGE), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated. The elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglyceride, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR were observed in DM2 rats. Moreover, DM2 rats had significantly decreased OBF but statistically increased MAP and leakage of the BRB. Theα-MG-treated DM2 rats showed significantly lower levels of retinal MDA, AGEs, RAGE, TNF-α, and VEGF than the untreated group. Interestingly,α-MG supplementation significantly increased OBF while it decreased MAP and leakage of BRB. In conclusion,α-MG supplementation could restore OBF and improve the BRB integrity, indicating its properties closely associated with antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiglycation activities.
Xanthohumol Induces Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Ca Ski Human Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Yong Wai Kuan , Abd Malek Sri Nurestri
Published: April 2015

We investigate induction of apoptosis by xanthohumol on Ca Ski cervical cancer cell line. Xanthohumol is a prenylated chalcone naturally found in hop plants, previously reported to be an effective anticancer agent in various cancer cell lines. The present study showed that xanthohumol was effective to inhibit proliferation of Ca Ski cells based on IC50values using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Furthermore, cellular and nuclear morphological changes were observed in the cells using phase contrast microscopy and Hoechst/PI fluorescent staining. In addition, 48-hour long treatment with xanthohumol triggered externalization of phosphatidylserine, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA fragmentation in the cells. Additionally, xanthohumol mediated S phase arrest in cell cycle analysis and increased activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. On the other hand, Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of cleaved PARP, p53, and AIF increased, while Bcl-2 and XIAP decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings indicate that xanthohumol-induced cell death might involve intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, as well as downregulation of XIAP, upregulation of p53 proteins, and S phase cell cycle arrest in Ca Ski cervical cancer cells. This work suggests that xanthohumol is a potent chemotherapeutic candidate for cervical cancer.
Minocycline Protection of Neomycin Induced Hearing Loss in Gerbils
Authors: Robinson Alan M. , Vujanovic Irena , Richter Claus-Peter
Published: April 2015

This animal study was designed to determine if minocycline ameliorates cochlear damage is caused by intratympanic injection of the ototoxic aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin. Baseline auditory-evoked brainstem responses were measured in gerbils that received 40 mM intratympanic neomycin either with 0, 1.2, or 1.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal minocycline. Four weeks later auditory-evoked brainstem responses were measured and compared to the baseline measurements. Minocycline treatments of 1.2 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg resulted in significantly lower threshold increases compared to 0 mg/kg, indicating protection of hearing loss between 6 kHz and 19 kHz. Cochleae were processed for histology and sectioned to allow quantification of the spiral ganglion neurons and histological evaluation of organ of Corti. Significant reduction of spiral ganglion neuron density was demonstrated in animals that did not receive minocycline, indicating that those receiving minocycline demonstrated enhanced survival of spiral ganglion neurons, enhanced survival of sensory hairs cells and spiral ganglion neurons, and reduced hearing threshold elevation correlates with minocycline treatment demonstrating that neomycin induced hearing loss can be reduced by the simultaneous application of minocycline.
Giant Vulvar Epidermoid Cyst in an Adolescent Girl
Authors: Karaman Erbil , Çim Numan , Akdemir Zülküf , Elçi Erkan , Akdeniz Hüseyin
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Vulvar cyst in adolescent girls is very uncommon. Epidermoid cyst can be seen in many sites including face, trunk, and extremities but its occurrence in vulva is uncommon. This is the first case of epidermoid cyst of vulva reported in an adolescent girl.Case. A 17-year-old, adolescent girl admitted to our gynecology outpatient clinic with a complaint of painful and palpable mass in her vulva. On examination, a giant mass located in left vulva and labia majora with 11 cm in diameter was seen. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a well-defined cystic mass without contrast enhancement. The surgery was advised to the patient and the pathologic examination of mass revealed vulvar epidermoid cyst.Discussion. Vulvar cysts generally grow slowly and the main etiologies are vulvar trauma and surgical interventions including episiotomy and female circumcision in some culture. The exact treatment is total surgical excision and pathologic examination. MRI is an important imaging modality for detection of extension to deep perineal tissue and localization of mass in vulva especially in giant ones.Conclusion. Although vulvar mass in adolescents is rare, the epidermoid cyst with benign origin should be kept in mind.
Effect of Various Concentrations of Caffeine, Pentoxifylline, and Kallikrein on Hyperactivation of Frozen Bovine Semen
Authors: Barakat Ibrahim A. H. , Danfour Mohamed A. , Galewan Fatma A. M. , Dkhil Mohamed A.
Published: April 2015

Caffeine, pentoxifylline, and kallikrein are substances that affect the efficiency of sperms in the fertilization process; however, they have not been adequately studied. The present study aimed to examine the influence of caffeine, kallikrein, and pentoxifylline on sperm motility in bovine as well as investigate their optimum concentrations for increasing the movement of sperms in bovine. Frozen bovine sperms were thawed in universal IVF medium supplemented with 1, 5, and 10 mM caffeine or pentoxifylline or 1, 4, and 8 U/mL kallikrein and were then incubated for 30 min. Treated semen parameters were analyzed using a computer assisted semen analyzer (CASA). Data analysis showed that the mean values concerning progression and motility of sperm increased in caffeine and pentoxifylline treatments when compared with the kallikrein group. The obtained results revealed that kallikrein is not necessary for the improvement of bovine sperm motility. Additionally, our results revealed that 5 mM from caffeine was the best concentration added to the medium, followed by 1 or 5 mM from pentoxifylline. Therefore, it is concluded from the present study that caffeine has hyperactivation efficacy at 5 mM concentration compared to other treatments.
Tumor-Induced Pressure in the Bone Microenvironment Causes Osteocytes to Promote the Growth of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases
Authors: Sottnik Joseph L. , Dai Jinlu , Zhang Honglai , Campbell Brittany , Keller Evan T.
Published: April 2015

Cross-talk between tumor cells and their microenvironment is critical for malignant progression. Cross-talk mediators, including soluble factors and direct cell contact, have been identified, but roles for the interaction of physical forces between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment have not been described. Here, we report preclinical evidence that tumor-generated pressure acts to modify the bone microenvironment to promote the growth of prostate cancer bone metastases. Tumors growing in mouse tibiae increased intraosseous pressure. Application of pressure to osteocytes, the main mechanotransducing cells in bone, induced prostate cancer growth and invasion. Mechanistic investigations revealed that this process was mediated in part by upregulation of CCL5 and matrix metalloproteinases in osteocytes. Our results defined the critical contribution of physical forces to tumor cell growth in the tumor microenvironment, and they identified osteocytes as a critical mediator in the bone metastatic niche. Cancer Res; 75(11); 2151–8. ©2015 AACR.
Circadian Clock Gene CRY2 Degradation Is Involved in Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fang Lekun , Yang Zihuan , Zhou Junyi , Tung Jung-Yu , Hsiao Chwan-Deng , Wang Lei , Deng Yanhong , Wang Puning , Wang Jianping , Lee Mong-Hong
Published: April 2015

Biomarkers for predicting chemotherapy response are important to the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) is a circadian clock protein involved in cell cycle, but the biologic consequences of this activity in cancer are poorly understood. We set up biochemical and cell biology analyses to analyze CRY2 expression and chemoresistance. Here, we report that CRY2 is overexpressed in chemoresistant colorectal cancer samples, and CRY2 overexpression is correlated with poor patient survival. Knockdown of CRY2 increased colorectal cancer sensitivity to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells. We also identify FBXW7 as a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase for targeting CRY2 through proteasomal degradation. Mechanistic studies show that CRY2 is regulated by FBXW7, in which FBXW7 binds directly to phosphorylated Thr300 of CRY2. Furthermore, FBXW7 expression leads to degradation of CRY2 through enhancing CRY2 ubiquitination and accelerating the CRY2's turnover rate. High FBXW7 expression downregulates CRY2 and increases colorectal cancer cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy. Low FBXW7 expression is correlated with high CRY2 expression in colorectal cancer patient samples. Also, low FBXW7 expression is correlated with poor patient survival. Taken together, our findings indicate that the upregulation of CRY2 caused by downregulation of FBXW7 may be a novel prognostic biomarker and may represent a new therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(6); 1476–87. ©2015 AACR.
The Effect of Montelukast on Liver Damage in an Experimental Obstructive Jaundice Model
Authors: Kuru Serdar , Kismet Kemal , Barlas Aziz M. , Tuncal Salih , Celepli Pinar , Surer Hatice , Ogus Elmas , Ertas Ertugrul
Published: April 2015

Background: Montelukast is a cysteinyl-leukotriene type 1 (CysLT1) selective receptor antagonist. In recent years, investigations have shown that montelukast possesses secondary anti-inflammatory activities and also antioxidant effects. For this reason, we aimed to determine the possible effects of montelukast on liver damage in experimental obstructive jaundice. Methods: 30 Wistar-Albino male rats were randomized and divided into three groups of 10 animals each: group I, sham-operated; group II, ligation and division of the common bile duct (BDL) followed by daily intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml of saline; group III, BDL followed by daily intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg montelukast dissolved in saline. The animals were killed on postoperative day 7 by high-dose diethyl ether inhalation. Blood and liver samples were taken for examination. Results: In this study, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.001), myeloperoxidase (p = 0.003), and total sulfhydryl (SH) (p = 0.009) were found to be significantly different between the BDL + montelukast and the BDL groups. Plasma total SH (p = 0.002) and MDA (p = 0.027) values were also statistically different between these groups. Statistical analyses of histological activity index scores showed that the histopathological damage in the BDL + montelukast group was significantly less than the damage in the control group (p < 0.05 for all pathological parameters). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, montelukast showed a significant hepatoprotective effect in this experimental obstructive jaundice model, which might be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Management of Complications Following Emergency and Elective Surgery for Diverticulitis
Authors: Holmer Christoph , Kreis Martin E.
Published: April 2015

Background: The clinical spectrum of sigmoid diverticulitis (SD) varies from asymptomatic diverticulosis to symptomatic disease with potentially fatal complications. Sigmoid colectomy with restoration of continuity has been the prevailing modality for treating acute and recurrent SD, and is often performed as a laparoscopy-assisted procedure. For elective sigmoid colectomy, the postoperative morbidity rate is 15-20% whereas morbidity rates reach up to 30% in patients who undergo emergency surgery for perforated SD. Some of the more common and serious surgical complications after sigmoid colectomy are anastomotic leaks and peritonitis, wound infections, small bowel obstruction, postoperative bleeding, and injuries to the urinary tract structures. Regarding the management of complications, it makes no difference whether the complication is a result of an emergency or an elective procedure. Methods: The present work gives an overview of the management of complications in the surgical treatment of SD based on the current literature. Results: To achieve successful management, early diagnosis is mandatory in cases of deviation from the normal postoperative course. If diagnostic procedures fail to deliver a correlate for the clinical situation of the patient, re-laparotomy or re-laparoscopy still remain among the most important diagnostic and/or therapeutic principles in visceral surgery when a patient's clinical status deteriorates. Conclusion: The ability to recognize and successfully manage complications is a crucial part of the surgical treatment of diverticular disease and should be mastered by any surgeon qualified in this field.
Emergency Surgery for Acute Complicated Diverticulitis
Authors: Köckerling Ferdinand
Published: April 2015

Background: The optimal treatment of acute complicated diverticulitis is a matter of debate and has undergone significant changes. Currently, the main focus of surgical treatment concepts is on controlling the emergency situation triggered by acute complicated sigmoid diverticulitis through interventional and minimally invasive measures. Methods: This article presents the current data and recommendations on differentiated treatment of acute complicated sigmoid diverticulitis, which are also summarized in a decision tree. Results: In general, resection of the diverticular sigmoid is needed to treat acute complicated sigmoid diverticulitis, because without resection the recurrence rate is too high at 40%. Since the morbidity and mortality rates associated with emergency resection are extremely high, resulting in the creation of a stoma, efforts are made to control the acute situation through interventional and laparoscopic measures. Therefore, pericolic and pelvic abscesses (Hinchey stages I, II) are eliminated through percutaneous or laparoscopic drainage. Likewise, laparoscopic lavage and drainage are performed for purulent and feculent peritonitis (Hinchey stages III, IV). After elimination of the acute septic situation, interval elective sigmoid resection is conducted. If emergency resection cannot be avoided, it is performed, while taking account of the patient's overall condition, with primary anastomosis and a protective stoma or as discontinuity resection using Hartmann's procedure. Conclusion: Thanks to the progress made in interventional and laparoscopic treatment, differentiated concepts are now used to treat acute complicated sigmoid diverticulitis.
Pulmonary Artery Enlargement Is Associated With Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Loss of Blood Volume in Small Pulmonary Vessels in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Wells J. Michael , Iyer Anand S. , Rahaghi Farbod N. , Bhatt Surya P. , Gupta Himanshu , Denney Thomas S. , Lloyd Steven G. , Dell’Italia Louis J. , Nath Hrudaya , Estepar Raul San Jose , Washko George R. , Dransfield Mark T.
Published: April 2015

Background—

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes significant morbidity and concomitant pulmonary vascular disease and cardiac dysfunction are associated with poor prognosis. Computed tomography–detected relative pulmonary artery (PA) enlargement defined as a PA to ascending aorta diameter ratio >1 (PA:A>1) is a marker for pulmonary hypertension and predicts chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. However, little is known about the relationship between the PA:A ratio, pulmonary blood volume, and cardiac function.

Methods and Results—

A single-center prospective cohort study of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was conducted. Clinical characteristics and computed tomography metrics, including the PA:A and pulmonary blood vessel volume, were measured. Ventricular functions, volumes, and dimensions were measured by cine cardiac MRI with 3-dimensional analysis. Linear regression examined the relationships between clinical characteristics, computed tomography and cardiac MRI metrics, and 6-minute walk distance. Twenty-four patients were evaluated and those with PA:A>1 had higher right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indices accompanied by lower RV ejection fraction (52±7% versus 60±9%;
P
=0.04). The PA:A correlated inversely with total intraparenchymal pulmonary blood vessel volume and the volume of distal vessels with a cross-sectional area of <5 mm
2
. Lower forced expiratory volume, PA:A>1, and hyperinflation correlated with reduced RV ejection fraction. Both PA diameter and reduced RV ejection fraction were independently associated with reduced 6-minute walk distance.

Conclusions—

The loss of blood volume in distal pulmonary vessels is associated with PA enlargement on computed tomography. Cardiac MRI detects early RV dysfunction and remodeling in nonsevere chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with a PA:A>1. Both RV dysfunction and PA enlargement are independently associated with reduced walk distance.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00608764.
Glyptothorax radiolus, a new species of sisorid catfish (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes) from northeastern India, with a redescription of G. striatus McClelland 1842
Authors: NG HEOK HEE , LALRAMLIANA
Published: April 2015

Glyptothorax radiolus, new species, is described from the Brahmaputra River drainage in West Bengal, northeast India. It differs from most congeners in the Indian subcontinent in possessing plicae on the ventral surfaces of the pectoral spine and first pelvic-fin ray. The following combination of characters serve to distinguish it from congeners in the Indian sub-continent with plicate ventral surfaces of the pectoral spine and first pelvic-fin ray: eye diameter 6.6–7.4% HL interorbital distance 28.3–28.7% HL, head length 23.7–24.3% SL, wedge-shaped central depression in throracic adhesive apparatus devoid of skin ridges, unculiferous ridges of thoracic adhesive apparatus not extending anteriorly onto gular region, pec-toral fin length 21.4–22.8% SL, dorsal-fin spine length 11.6–13.9% SL, dorsal-to-adipose distance 26.6–26.8% SL, body depth at anus 11.2–11.4% SL, pelvic fin length 16.5–18.3% SL, adipose-fin base length 13.1–14.3% SL, anal-fin base length 13.4–14.0% SL, caudal peduncle length 20.9% SL, caudal peduncle depth 7.7% SL (1.4–1.5 times in body depth at anus), absence of distinct pale midlateral stripe on body, and 36 total vertebrae. Glyptothorax striatus, the type species of the genus, is also rediagnosed and redescribed in this study.
Ptychopteridae, a family of flies (Diptera) new to the Philippine Islands with the description of a new species
Authors: PARAMONOV NIKOLAY M.
Published: April 2015

Ptychoptera (Ptychoptera) noonadani sp. nov. is described and is the first record of family Ptychopteridae from the Phil-ippine Islands. A key to males of all Ptychoptera species recorded from the Malay archipelago is presented.
A new social wasp Mischocyttarus (Kappa) gomesi spec. nov., with a discussion of its taxonomic affinities and a description of the female of M. mocsaryi (Ducke, 1909) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae)
Authors: SILVEIRA ORLANDO TOBIAS
Published: April 2015

A new species Mischocyttarus (Kappa) gomesi, spec. nov. (Brazil, Rondônia) as well as unknown female of M. (K.) mocsaryi (Ducke, 1909) (Colombia, Arauca) are described.
DNA sequences and morphological variation in Lophiodes iwamotoi Ho, Serét & Shao, 2011 based on new material from New Caledonia
Authors: HO HSUAN-CHING , CHEN WEI-JEN
Published: April 2015

Iwamoto’s anglerfish Lophiodes iwamotoi is recorded from New Caledonia for the first time. Study of molecular features further support the validity of the species. Moloecular sequence data from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit-I and Rho-dopsin loci, along with morphological variation are provided, as well as information on its fresh coloration.
Five new species of Ptychoptera Meigen with a key to species from China (Diptera: Ptychopteridae)
Authors: KANG ZEHUI , YAO GANG , YANG DING
Published: April 2015

Five new species of genus Ptychopter Meigen are described from China: Ptychoptera bannaensis sp. nov., P. lii sp. nov., P. lushuiensis sp. nov., P. qinggouensis sp. nov. and P. wangae sp. nov. A key to the known species of Ptychoptera in China is presented.
Pterostichus (Anilloferonia) diana LaBonte (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), a replacement name for P. (A.) lanei (Hatch, 1935), and validity and redescription of P. (A.) malkini (Hatch, 1953)
Authors: LABONTE JAMES R.
Published: April 2015

A replacement name for Pterostichus (Anilloferonia) lanei (Hatch), 1935, is necessary because P. lanei (Hatch) is a sec-ondary homonym of P. (Pseudoferonina) lanei Van Dyke, 1925. I have selected P. (A.) diana as this replacement name. Pterostichus (Anilloferonia) malkini (Hatch), 1953, was described from a single female collected in 1951. Since then five more specimens have been collected, including males. Based on this additional material it is clear this species is valid, which had been uncertain. Since the original description of P. malkini did not include male characteristics, several of which are diagnostic, a detailed description of this species is provided. Locality and habitat details for this rarely collected species are included. Characters differentiating P. malkini from the other species of P. (Anilloferonia) are illustrated and discussed.
The first record and the description of a new species of Dendrolycosa Doleschall, 1859 (Araneae: Pisauridae: Pisaurinae) from Madagascar
Authors: DA SILVA ESTEVAM L. CRUZ , GRISWOLD CHARLES E.
Published: April 2015

Spiders, like other Madagascan organisms, exhibit remarkable richness and endemism (Griswold 2003). Whereas there are only just over 550 species known from Madagascar (Platnick 2013), the rate of new species discovery suggests that the total may be much higher. In a comprehensive study of the Madagascar spider fauna, Griswold (2003) found that 29% of the 207 genera and 85% of the 459 described species or subspecies known at that time are endemic to Madagascar. Notably, the spider fauna is not disharmonic and contains most of the families found in Africa or Asia. The spider fauna known to Griswold (2003) showed a relatively strong affinity to Africa (19 species and 22 genera shared exclusively by Africa and Madagascar), and much weaker affinity to Asia and the Indo-Pacific.
A new genus of Iassinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Peru and a new species of Daveyoungana Blocker & Webb
Authors: DAI WU , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H.
Published: April 2015

The new iassine leafhopper genus Linnavuoria is described and illustrated based on L. tingomariaensis sp. nov., from Peru, and placed in the previously monobasic tribe Selenomorphini (based on Selenomorphus Evans from New Caledonia), along with two other New World genera, Pachyopsis Uhler and Scaroidana Osborn (new placements). The new genus is similar to Pachyopsis in overall structure, but differs as follows: head with crown flat and forming distinct angle with face in profile; face coarsely punctate, without distinct transverse striations or rugae; lateral frontal sutures extended from antennal ledge to midline and joining with distinct coronal suture; forewing with numerous dark pigment spots corresponding to setal sockets; hind femur with macrosetal formula 2+1+1+1. A revised diagnosis and key to genera are given for Selenomorphini. The previously monotypic leafhopper genus Daveyoungana Blocker & Webb (Iassinae: Hyalojassini) recorded from Brazil is also reviewed and the detailed morphology of the genus is redescribed and illustrated, including the first description of the female. A new species, D. maniforma sp. nov. from Ecuador is described and illustrated and a key to the species in this genus is given.