bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small Business Dynasties in Modern Russia: Strategies and Prospects for Reproduction
Authors: Klimenko Ludmila , Posukhova Oxana
Published: March 2021

Reproduction of generational succession in small and medium-sized businesses is a basic element of the national economies of many Western countries. Russia’s socio-economic development is also guided by a significant increase in the SME sector. However, the relatively short period of development of market relations in our country, economic crises and transitivity of the status of family business (both in the legal field and in public opinion), instability of organizational and communicative practices of inheritance of capital are factors that prevent the formation of entrepreneurial dynasties in Russia. An empirical study of strategies for reproduction of entrepreneurial dynasties shows that small businesses in our country are less focused on educational strategies, through obtaining professional education. Professional continuity is based primarily on work experience (usually from grassroots positions) and mentoring from the older generation. However, the educational strategies are becoming more relevant at the level of prospects for including the third generation of heirs in the family business.
Strategies of social (accumulation of mobilizable social relations) and symbolic (accumulation and multiplication of recognition capital) investment are common in dynastic reproduction. Family traditions and business experience are often associated with the ability to transfer social capital at a lower cost, the advantage of broadcasting and adopting informal business experience and business connections. Intergenerational continuity is ensured by the formation and translation of the family culture of the business dynasty with special value-identification meanings, including the special professional ethos of family business representatives.
Russian Language in Russian Identity: Theoretical Approaches and Current Context
Authors: Arutyunova Ekaterina
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to some aspects of the role of the Russian language in the Russian identity. It analyzes the main concepts of civil nationalism in the Western scientific literature, identifies their elements associated with giving the national language one of the key roles in the formation of civil nations as a special type of solidarity (the concepts of E. Gellner, B. Anderson, E. Hobsbawm, M. Billig, etc.). It is shown that national languages, formed under the influence of certain economic and political circumstances, continue to be reproduced as linguistic constructs in the modern conditions of fragmentation of space, trends in the recognition of the rights of linguistic and other minorities, and transformations of the ideas of nationalism. Based on the materials of representative sociological studies in different countries, it is shown that language is the “cornerstone” of national (civil) identity in people’s perceptions – national or nationally dominant languages in different countries are perceived as necessary to be considered part of a civil nation. Russian surveys also show that the Russian language is one of the most important identifiers of Russian identity in the mass representations of our fellow citizens at the moment, which is much more noticeable in the Russian ethnic environment. Russian language potential in the Russian identity is negatively influenced by both long-standing factors (in particular, the opposition of Russian and native languages in language policy and education) and recent factors related to the emphasis on the role of the Russian language as the language of the state-forming people. The article concludes that the potential of the Russian language in the Russian identity is negatively influenced by the long-standing factors (in particular, the opposition of Russian and native languages in language policy and education).
Integration processes and identity: a view of the European youth
Authors: Viktorova Elena V. , Petrenko Daria A. , Vlasova Natalia V.
Published: March 2021

The presented article, based on the empirical study materials, examines the concept of European identity and the attitude to the European integration of the young people in a number of the EU countries. The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of a clear definition of the concept of “European identity” in the scientific discourse, as well as the need to assess to what extent the opinion of Europeans, in particular of the younger generation, coincides with the statements of researchers in this field. The objective of this study is to determine how representatives of European youth understand European identity, to highlight its main elements and assess the impact of European integration processes on the formation of European and national identities. Students from European countries were selected as the target group of the study, since their worldview was formed in the context of a united Europe. The research was carried out within the framework of the Erasmus + Jean Monnet Project “Transformation of identities in Europe and Russia in modern conditions” (Project No. 611458-EPP-1-2019-1-RU-EPPJMO-PROJECT). In conducting the research, the in-depth interview was chosen as the main method.he results of the study showed that respondents, whilst identifying themselves as Europeans, still find their national identity more important. Among the elements of European identity, the respondents name, first of all, “European values” (mobility, freedom, democracy), as well as cultural (religion) and behavioral characteristics (love of travel). The study results are preliminary and allow us to identify the most significant trends in the formation of the modern European identity, that will serve as the basis for further research.
Risk Factor Analysis of Recurrent Diarrhea on Toddlers in Sumberjambe Health Center Jember Regency
Authors: Wibisono Anita Margaret , Marchianti Ancah Caesarina Novi , Dharmawan Dion Krismashogi
Published: March 2021

Recurrent diarrhea is diarrhea that occurs repeatedly within one to three months. Toddler is the highest group suffering of diarrhea. Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death on toddler. This research aims to analyze the effect of risk factors of recurrent diarrhea on toddler in Sumberjambe Health Center Jember Regency. This type of research is observational analytic with case control design. The sample is 50 cases and 50 controls. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling method. The research was conducted in December 2018 to January 2019 using a questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi Square test and Logistic Regression test. Chi Square analysis results are child’s age (p= 0.003), gender (p= 1,000), exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.044), measles immunization (p= 0.387), nutritional status (p= 0.840), hand nail hygiene (p= 0.395), mother’s age (p= 0.435), mother’s education level (p= 0.263), mother’s knowledge (p= 0.494), hand washing habit (p= 0.684), and family income (p= 0.773). Logistic Regression analysis results are child’s age (p= 0.002) and exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.499). The conclusions of this study are child’s age and exclusive breastfeeding have influence of recurrent diarrhea on toddler and child's age is the most influential risk factor of recurrent diarrhea on toddler. The suggestion of this research is that it needs to research other risk factors and mothers are required to give exclusive breastfeeding. 

Keywords: risk factors, recurrent diarrhea, toddler
The Effect of Isotoma longiflora Leaves Extract to The Cornea Neovascularization of Wistar Rats Chemical Trauma Model
Authors: Arsyad Hasbi Maulana , Komariah Cicih , Hasan Muhamad
Published: March 2021

Eye chemical trauma was an eye trauma caused by a substance with a pH<7 (acid) and pH>7 (alkali). Chemical trauma can be caused by pesticides. In Indonesia, 78.9% of farmers had eye complaints due to pesticides exposure. The occurrence of alkali chemical trauma of eye could cause cornea neovascularization (CNV). Alkali chemical trauma caused intense inflammation resulting a vascularization of the cornea that was supposed to be avascular. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Isotoma longiflora leaves extract the cornea neovascularization of wistar rats chemical trauma model. This research used true experimental design method with post-test only controlled group design. The sample of this study were 30 male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into six groups, 1 positive control group (dexamethasone 0.1%), 1  negative control group (DMSO 0,1%), and 4 treatment groups of Isotoma longiflora leaves extract (0.25 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 2 mg/ml). The result of Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's test showed that p>0.05 that means the data was normally distributed and has the same variant. One Way ANOVA test results obtained significant differences between groups on the 7th day (p=0.001). The result of Post Hoc LSD test showed that group P3 and P4 were significantly different to negative control, P1 and P2 groups. P3 and P4 groups with 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml Isotoma longiflora leaves extract could inhibit cornea neovascularization.
The Protection Effect Of Methanol Extract From Asam Jawa Seed On Testicular Tissue Damage Induced By Aluminium Chloride (AlCL3)
Authors: Normasari Rena , Fauzi Muhammad Iqbal , Aziz Ayu Munawaroh
Published: March 2021

Aluminum is known has neurotoxin effect that can lead to alzheimer's disease, dementia, and parkinson's. Metal ions such as aluminum can distract homeostasis and increase oxidative stress level, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can overwhelm antioxidant defenses and cause DNA damage, lipid peroxidase, leading to the destruction of testicular cells. Tamarindus indica’s seeds are one of the traditional plant and useful as antioxidants. Tamarindus indica’s seeds are able to protect testicular cells from damage caused by ROS. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of methanol extract from Tamarindus indica’s seeds to prevent aluminum chloride induced testicular damage to be measured from the histopathological features. This study is a quasi experimental design with a posttest design only with non-equivalent groups using thirty male Wistar rats divided into five groups, one control group and four treatment groups. The control group was given 1 mL of aquabides solution orally. Group P1 was given a dose of aluminum solution 300 mg/kgBW orally. Groups P2, P3, and P4 were each given an aluminum solution at dose of 300 mg/kgBW orally and an extract solution at a dose of 25, 50, 100 mg/kgBW orally for 10 weeks. The results of the observations showed that the scores varied between groups. Data analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test obtained p value = 0.006 (p <0.05). Post Hoc test using Mann Whitney obtained varied p values. Post Hoc analysis between K and P1 groups, P1 and P3 groups, P1 and P4 groups showed a significant difference with p value <0.05. Based on the results of this study, methanol extract from tamarind seeds (Tamarindus indica) that was given to male wistar rats had prevented histopathological damage to the testes of rats induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3).

Keywords: aluminium, testicular cell, Tamarindus indica
The Correlation between Occupational Stress and Job Performance of Healthcare Workers at the University of Jember Medical Center
Authors: Isnaini Arista Nur , Kusumastuti Inke , Astuti Ida Srisurani Wiji
Published: March 2021

Healthcare professionals are prone to experiencing stress and burnout due to their responsibility to care for one’s life and mistakes in the care delivery might lead to dire consequences for the patient. Occupational stress in the healthcare service could reduce the job performance of healthcare workers. This study was therefore conducted to determine the effect of occupational stress on the performance of healthcare workers in the University of Jember Medical Center. This study employed a cross-sectional design. The research sample was 28 healthcare workers at the University of Jember Medical Center. The results of the Pearson  test showed a significance value of p = 0.725, indicating no significant correlation between occupational stress and job performance of health workers at the University of Jember Medical Center. Occupational stress    might    be    experienced    by    healthcare    workers    at University    of    Jember    Medical  Center because University of Jember Medical Center as the first level of healthcare facilities acts as a gatekeeper with significant workload and functions. However, this occupational stress didn’t affect the work performance of the healthcare workers at University of Jember Medical Center due to their excellent stress management. Future studies might benefit from utilizing other more objective stress-related measurements and recruiting larger sample size.

 Keywords : Occupational stress, Job Performance, Healthcare Worker
On amendments to the calculation formulas for the required number of receiving and departure tracks in the technical station yards
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, Kostenko V. V. , Bogdanovich D. E. ,   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University
Published: March 2021

Objective: To discuss the feasibility of modifying the analytical calculation technique for the required number of receiving and departure tracks in the technical station yards. To show the need to introduce new adjustment factors to assess the time spent by a transit freight train at the station, considering the inﬂuence of external factors – often random events – on the duration of the receiving and departure track occupation; to determine the possibility of adjustment factors application for a preliminary assessment of the required number of receiving and departure tracks; to substantiate the need for simulation of the station operation for a more accurate assessment of the required number of receiving and departure tracks depending on the time spent by a transit freight train at the station, considering the inﬂuence of external factors. Methods: Comparative analysis of the existing techniques for determining the required number of receiving and departure tracks, assessment of analytical dependencies, and substantiation of the need to introduce new adjustment factors based on the analysis of the technical stations’ reported performance indicators are applied. Results: The need to improve the existing analytical calculation technique for the required number of receiving and departure tracks has been indicated. The groups of factors inﬂuencing the time spent by a transit freight train at the station, including the required number of tracks, have been determined. New adjustment factors to assess the time spent by a transit freight train at the station have been proposed. The need for additional study of this issue has been revealed. Practical importance: The authors have shown that it is necessary to clarify the existing analytical calculation technique for the required number of receiving and departure tracks by introducing the adjustment factors, which will improve the accuracy of determining the required number of receiving and departure tracks at a technical station.
Analysis of technical solutions for a pallet car
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, Boronenko Yu. P. , Pokrovskaya O. D. ,   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, Titova T. S. ,   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, Beyn D. G. ,   JSC “NVC „Wagons“”, Kondratenko S. V. ,   CJSC “Eurosib SPb-Transport Systems”
Published: March 2021

Objective: Drawing on the results of the conducted marketing research, to work out a portrait of a potential consumer of groupage cargo transportation in a pallet wagon and a matrix of market consumer expectations with an assessment of customer focus and effective demand; provide a list of technical requirements for the car, potential routes, additional options and services for the transportation of groupage cargo in a pallet car, on the basis of which to evaluate possible options for technical solutions. Methods: Comparative analysis and assessment of the obtained analytical dependencies are applied; the need for options based on statistical processing of respondents’ answers is justiﬁed. Results: Technical solutions in several versions are recommended, the concept of a covered wagon with a large-volume body and an increased length of the loading and unloading front, with a draft gear, in a single-storey design, was proposed as a general one when a pallet car enters the market. An integral assessment of the opinions of respondents was carried out, by means of statistical analysis and visualization of the results obtained, a typical consumer was characterized. Practical importance: Marketing research data can be used when entering the market in terms of establishing optional lines of technical performance of rolling stock and its cost.
Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing Instrument-Revised
Authors: Yokotani Tomoya , Tanioka Tetsuya , Yasuhara Yuko , Ito Hirokazu , Nakano Yoko , Miyagawa Misao , Betriana Feni , Locsin Rozzano
Published: March 2021

The Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing Instrument-Revised (TCCNI-R) was developed from the Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing theory. To assess the psychometric properties, a four-factor questionnaire comprised the TCCNI-R. Only 590 of 1,322 online questionnaire responses by nurses in 11 general hospitals in Chugoku-Shikoku, Japan, were analyzed and interpreted. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis via SEM justified construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient established reliability. Goodness of fit was rejected; however fit index value was accepted. Root mean square of error approximation showed reasonable approximation error. The TCCNI-R showed content validity and reliability in measuring technological competency as expression of caring in nursing.
The Effect of In-Service Educational Programs on Nurse Managers' Understanding of the Theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing
Authors: Nakano Youko , Yokotani Tomoya , Tanioka Tetsuya , Locsin Rozzano , Miyagawa Misao , Yasuhara Yuko , Ito Hirokazu , Betriana Feni , Catangui Elmer
Published: March 2021

Healthcare providers in advanced healthcare systems recognize the value of practices involving technological competencies in healthcare. Theory-based practice, grounded in Locsin's Technological Competency as Caring in nursing theory, warrants investments in quality nursing care. This study determined the effect of in-service educational programs for nurse managers regarding perceptions of the theory. Five, 1-hour lecture sessions weekly showed significant effects on understanding technological competency as expression of caring in nursing. Technological Competency as caring in nursing theory-based educational programs offer promising ways to ensure that understanding technological competency as caring assures quality healthcare.
IMPLEMENTASI AKUNTANSI MURABAHAH PADA PEMBIAYAAN BSM OTO DI BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI: APAKAH SESUAI DENGAN PSAK 102?
Authors: Albana Muhammad Said , Firmansyah Amrie
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengulas penerapan akuntansi murabahah pada pada pembiayaan BSM OTO di Bank Syariah Mandiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan content analysis dan wawancara kepada dua informan. Informan terdiri dari Customer Sales Executive Bank Mandiri Cabang Depok dan dosen akuntansi syariah di STIEBI. Content analysis dilakukan untuk melakukan identifikasi transaksi murahabah yang terdapat dalam laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan Bank Syariah Mandiri. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi dan menggali informasi lebih dalam berdasarkan hasil content analysis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Penerapan akuntansi murabahah yang terdapat dalam produk BSM OTO pada Bank Syariah Mandiri telah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip akuntansi murabahah yang berlaku di Indonesia.  Kata Kunci: murahabah, pembiayaan, akuntansi syariah. ABSTRACTThis study aims to review the implementation of murabahah accounting on OTO BSM financing at Bank Syariah Mandiri. This study uses qualitative methods with content analysis and interviews with two informants. Informants consisted of Customer Sales Executives at Bank Mandiri Depok Branch and sharia accounting lecturer in STIEBI. Content analysis was performed to identify murabahah transactions in the financial statements and annual reports of Bank Syariah Mandiri. Interviews were conducted to confirm and dig more in-depth information based on the results of content analysis. This study concludes that the implementation of murabahah accounting in BSM OTO products at Bank Syariah Mandiri is generally under the murabahah accounting principles applicable in Indonesia.Keywords: murabahah, financing, sharia accounting.
Paliperidon Palmitat Aylık Uzun Etkili Enjeksiyon Kullanan Şizofreni ve Bipolar Bozukluk Tip 1 Tanılı Hastaların İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖRÜM Mehmet Hamdi
Published: March 2021

AMAÇ: İlaç tedavisine uyumsuzluk, şizofreni ve bipolar bozukluk tanılı hastalardaki önemli bir sorundur. Uzun etkili anpsikotik (AP) enjeksiyonlar bu tür durumlarda önemli avantajlar sağlamaktadır. Biz bu çalışmada hastanemizin psikiyatri polikliniğinde takip edilen ve paliperidon palmitat aylık uzun etkili enjeksiyon (PP1A) kullanan hastaları incelemeyi amaçladık. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu geriye dönük kohort çalışmada, 10/06/2019-10-06/2020 tarihleri arasında şizofreni ve bipolar bozukluk tip 1 (BB1) tanısıyla PP1A başlanan, tedaviye en az altı ay devam eden ya da tedaviyi bırakan hastaları inceledik. Verilerin tamamı hastane kayıt sisteminden elde edildi. Klinik global izlenim ölçeği (KGİÖ) skorları kullanıldı. BULGULAR: Yirmi sekiz (9 kadın [7 şizofreni+2 BB1], 19 erkek [13 şizofreni + 6 BB1]) hastanın dâhil edildiği çalışmada cinsiyetler arasında ortalama yaş, tanı, hastalık başlangıç yaşı, PP1A kullanım süresi, KGİÖ skorları açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p>0,05). Cinsiyetler arasında darp edilme öyküsü (p=0,035), zekâ geriliği komorbiditesi (p=0,047), depo AP kullanım öyküsü (p=0,010) açısından anlamlı farklılık saptandı. Totalde sadece BB1 tanılı bir kadın hasta PP1A’yı tolere edememiş ve tedaviyi bırakmıştı. BB1 hastalarında tip 2 diyabetes mellitus (p=0,026) ve hipertansiyon (p=0,020) komorbiditesi ve PP1A’ya ek oral AP kullanımı (p=0,021) daha fazlaydı. Yedi tane şizofreni hastasında PP1A kullanımından fayda görüldüğü için paliperidon palmitat 3 aylık depo enjeksiyon (PP3A)’ya geçilmişti. BB1 hastalarında PP1A sonrası PP3A’ya geçilen hasta yoktu. Altıncı ayın sonunda uygulanan KGİÖ’ye göre, PP1A şizofreni hastalarında BB1’e göre daha anlamlı bir klinik düzelme sağlamıştı (p=0,009). SONUÇ: Literatürde, bipolar bozuklukta PP1A kullanımı ile ilişkili veriler sınırlıdır. Mevcut çalışmalarda bipolar bozukluk alt tipi konusunda bilgi verilmemiştir. Bu anlamda çalışmamız BB1’de PP1A kullanımını inceleyen ilk çalışmadır. Ayrıca bulgularımız literatürdeki diğer çalışmalarla uyumlu olarak PP1A’nın şizofreni hastalarında klinik düzelmeye olumlu etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir.
Le vieillissement du vin : une question d’obturation ?
Authors: Karbowiak Thomas , Chanut Julie , Crouvisier-Urion Kevin , Lagorce Aurélie , Ballester Jordi , Geoffroy André , Roullier-Gall Chloé , Gougeon Régis D. , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Bellat Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2021

À partir d’une étude de cas sur des bouteilles de vin blanc vieillies en cave, une approche multidisciplinaire intégrant analyses sensorielles, œnologiques et métabolomiques du vin ainsi qu’étude des transferts d’oxygène a mis en lumière l’importance de l’interface verre / bouchon (Karbowiak et al., 2019). Le transfert d’oxygène au niveau de cette interface peut participer significativement à l’oxydation au cours de la phase de vieillissement du vin en bouteille.
Coincidence of temperature extremes and phenological events of grapevines
Authors: Templ Barbara , Templ Matthias , Barbieri Roberto , Meier Michael , Zufferey Vivan
Published: March 2021

A growing number of studies have highlighted the consequences of climate change on agriculture, including the impacts of climate extremes such as drought, heat waves and frost. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of temperature extremes on various phenological events of grapevine varieties in Southwest Switzerland (Leytron, Canton of Valais). We aimed to capture the occurrence of extreme events in specific years in various grapevine varieties and at different phenological phases to rank the varieties based on their sensitivity to temperature extremes and thus quantify their robustness. Phenological observations (1978–2018) of six Vitis vinifera varieties (Arvine, Chardonnay, Chasselas, Gamay, Pinot noir and Syrah) were subjected to event coincidence analysis. Extreme events were defined as values in the uppermost or lowermost percentiles of the timing of the phenophases and daily temperatures within a 30-day window before the phenophase event occurred. Significantly more extreme temperature and phenological events occurred in Leytron between 2003 and 2017 than in the earlier years, with the years 2007, 2011, 2014 and 2017 being remarkable in terms of the number of extreme coincidence events. Moreover, bud development and flowering experienced significantly more extreme coincidence events than other phenophases; however, the occurrence rate of extreme coincidence events was independent of the phenophase. Based on the total number of extreme events, the varieties did not differ in their responses to temperature extremes. Therefore, event coincidence analysis is an appropriate tool to quantify the occurrence of extreme events. The occurrence of extreme temperature events clearly affected the advancement of the timings of phenological events in various grapevines. However, there were no varietal differences in terms of response to extreme temperatures; thus, additional research is warranted to outline the best adaptation measures.
Evaluation of Multivariate Biomarker Indexes Application in Ecotoxicity Tests with Marine Diatoms Exposed to Emerging Contaminants
Authors: Pires Vanessa Leal , Novais Sara C. , Lemos Marco F.L. , Fonseca Vanessa F. , Duarte Bernardo
Published: March 2021

Worldwide anthropogenic activities result in the production and release of poten-tially damaging toxic pollutants into ecosystems, thereby jeopardizing their health and continuity. Research studies and biomonitoring programs attend to this emerging problematic by applying and developing statistically relevant indexes that integrate complex biomarker response data to provide an holistic approach reflecting toxically induced alterations at the organism’s or population level. Ultimately, indexes allow simple result communication, enhancing policy makers understanding, so contributing for better resource and environmental managing policies. In this study three indexes , the Integrated Biomarker Response index (IBR), the Bioeffects Assessment Index (BAI) and the Principal Components Analysis (PCA), were evaluated for their sensitivity in revealing toxically induced stress patterns in cells of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum under contaminant exposure. The set of biomarkers selected for index construction comprise the anti-oxidant enzymes APX, CAT and SOD, and the lipid peroxidation marker TBARS. Several significant inverse correlations with the concentration gradients applied, , was noticed for all indexes, though, the IBR excels for its reliability in delivering statistically significant dose-response patterns for four out of the five compounds tested.
Neurobehavioral Alterations in Occupational Noise Exposure: A Systematic Review
Authors: Traversini Veronica , Mucci Nicola , Lulli Lucrezia Ginevra , Tommasi Eleonora , Vimercati Luigi , Galea Raymond Paul , De Sio Simone , Arcangeli Giulio
Published: March 2021

Chronic exposure to noise can cause several extraordinary effects and involve all the systems of the human organism. In addition to cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and immune effects, the data in the literature show alterations in behavioral disturbances, in memory capacity and cognitive performance. Through this systematic review, the authors try to find out which are the main neurobehavioral alterations, in case of occupational exposure to noise. Literature review included articles published in the major databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus), using a combina-tion of some relevant keywords. This online search yielded 4434 references; after selection, the authors analyzed 41 articles (4 narrative reviews and 37 original articles). From this analysis, it appears that main symptoms are related to psychological distress, annoyance, sleep disturbances, cognitive performance. Regarding tasks, the most frequent employments concern school staff, followed by employees from various industrial sectors and office workers. Although the causes are still widely debated, it is essential to protect these workers against chronic exposure to noise. In fact, in addition to a hearing loss, they can manifest many other related discomforts over time and compromise their full working capacity, as well as expose them to a greater risk of accidents or absences from work.
A Unified Cosmological Model for Solution of Problems of Cosmological Constant, Cosmic Coincidence, Energy Conservation, Flatness and Homogeneity of Horizon
Authors: Dikshit Biswaranjan
Published: March 2021

Cosmological constant problem is the difference by a factor of ~10123 between quantum mechanically calculated vacuum energy density and astronomically observed value. Cosmic coincidence problem questions why matter energy density is of the same order as the present vacuum energy density (former is ~32% and latter is ~68%). Recently, by quantizing zero-point field of space, we have developed a cosmological model that predicts correct value of vacuum and non-vacuum energy density. In this paper, we remove some earlier assumptions and develop a generalized version of our cosmological model to solve three more problems viz. energy conservation, flatness and horizon problem along with the above two. For creation of universe without violating law of energy conservation, net energy of the universe including (negative) gravitational potential energy must be zero. However, in conventional method, its quantitative proof needs the space to be exactly flat i.e. zero-energy universe is a consequence of flatness. But, in this paper, we will prove a zero-energy universe without using flatness of space and then show that flatness is actually a consequence of zero energy density. Finally, using our model we solve the horizon problem of universe. Although cosmic inflation can explain the flatness of space and uniformity of horizon by invoking inflaton field, it cannot predict the present value of vacuum energy density or matter density. But, our cosmological model solves in an unified manner all the above mentioned five problems viz. cosmological constant problem, cosmic coincidence problem, energy conservation, flatness and horizon problem.
Specialised Independent Prescribing Optometrists Delivering a Community Shared-Care Glaucoma Service: A Pilot Study
Authors: Golash Vidushi , Ansari Ejaz
Published: March 2021

Aim: Reporting 3 year outcomes of a community shared care scheme run by specialised independent prescribing (IP) optometrists for stable glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT) patients in West Kent, England. Purpose: Shared Care Schemes for glaucoma exist to alleviate the burden on Hospital Eye Services (HES) glaucoma clinics. We studied the effectiveness of community care by highly trained and qualified IP optometrists in terms of disease stability and referral rate into HES.Methods: Retrospective longitudinal review of 200 eyes with stable early to moderate stage glaucoma and OHT followed-up in two specialist optometry practices. Outcome measures included visual field mean deviation (VFMD), intraocular pressure (IOP), changes to treatment and referral rate into HES. Inclusion criteria included all patients with OHT and glaucoma (open angle and primary angle closure) referred for community follow-up. Incomplete data sets were excluded.Results: Mean age 71yrs (range 28 - 93yrs) and equal male: female ratio. n= 159 at year 3. The results for both outcomes showed no significant change from baseline at 12 or 24-month time points. However, a significant change from baseline at 36 months was observed for both outcomes: mean reduction of 0.7 mmHg in IOP, and a mean reduction of 0.3 dB in VFMD. There was a statistically significant change in the number of drops used at 36 months (p=0.001). 11 patients had a change in medication within 3 years. One patient was referred back to HES for uncontrolled IOP and consideration of trabeculectomy.Conclusion: Community follow-up of stable cases of glaucoma and OHT by highly qualified IP optometrists was safe, with stability of disease maintained and few referrals back to HES.
Determinants of Compliance to Good Agricultural Practices among Cocoa Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olutegbe Nathaniel Siji , Sanni Abdullahi Oluwadamilola
Published: March 2021

Cocoa is one of Nigeria’s most important agricultural commodities due to its status as a source of foreign exchange earnings. However, low quality and hence low patronage of cocoa beans of Nigeria origin has reduced this fortune in recent years due mainly to non-adherence to Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) among farmers. The study therefore identified the determinants of compliance to GAP among cocoa farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. A three-stage sampling procedure was used to select 20% (150) of cocoa farmers across randomly sampled cocoa-producing communities in Ondo State. Information was sourced using a well-structured, validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency counts, mean and Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Majority of farmers had good knowledge of GAP. However, farmers were mostly faced with constraints such as high cost of agrochemicals and labor scarcity. Farmers rated economic benefits of GAP as high; while health and environmental benefits were rated low; with high acceptability of cocoa; utilization of soil organic matter and prevention of respiratory malfunctioning identified as top economic, environmental and health benefits, respectively. Although the general compliance was high across different GAP, practices to which farmers were least compliant were however of relatively high economic, health and environmental implications. Knowledge, perceived health and perceived economic benefits of GAP were important determinants of compliance. The extension unit of the Ondo State Ministry of Agriculture should prioritize sensitization and education of farmers on the economic, health and environmental benefits of GAP of cocoa in order to ensure profitability and sustainability of production.
PENGARUH VARIASI LAPIS GEOSINTETIK TERHADAP SAFETY FACTOR TIMBUNAN DI ATAS TANAH LUNAK
Authors: Setiawan Bambang , Dananjaya Raden Harya , Anggraeni Fitria
Published: March 2021

Tanah lunak merupakan jenis tanah yang sering dijumpai di Indonesia. Tanah lunak merupakan jenis tanah yang tidak aman untuk didirikan konstruksi di atasnya. Hal tersebut terjadi dikarenakan beberapa sifat tanah lunak yaitu memiliki nilai CBR dan N-SPT yang rendah, gaya geser yang rendah, kadar air tinggi, koefisien permeabilitas yang rendah, daya dukung yang rendah, dan resiko adanya settlement atau penurunan yang besar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi lapis geosintetik terhadap perubahan nilai safety factor, settlement, dan tegangan tanah pada tanah lunak. Variasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah variasi jenis geosintetik, jumlah lapis geosintetik, dan jarak antar lapis geosintetik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitaif melalui pengumpulan data sekunder serta pemodelan dengan analisis metode elemen hingga (MEH). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi lapis geosintetik paling optimum dapat meningkatkan nilai safety factor sebesar 23,79%, menurunkan nilai settlement sebesar 2,60%, dan meningkatkan tegangan tanah sebesar 0,17%.
ANALISIS VARIASI WAKTU KEBERANGKATAN KENDARAAN DAN ARUS JENUH DASAR PADA SIMPANG BERSINYAL DENGAN METODE TIME SLICE (STUDI KASUS : SIMPANG BERSINYAL DI RUAS JALAN KAPTEN MULYADI, SOLO)
Authors: Arief Ahmad Fauzi , Mahmudah Amirotul M.H. , Legowo Slamet Jauhari
Published: March 2021

Jalan Kapten Mulyadi merupakan salah satu jalan kolektor primer di kota Solo. Selain menjadi salah satu jalur penghubung keluar masuknya kendaraan dari Sukoharjo dan Wonogiri ke kota Solo, sepanjang ruas jalan ini juga merupakan kawasan perdagangan, sehingga pada saat-saat tertentu kondisi jalan ini terbilang cukup padat. Meningkatnya jumlah pengguna kendaraan juga berpengaruh pada semakin tingginya arus lalu lintas dan juga konflik yang ditimbulkan, khususnya di persimpangan jalan. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui waktu keberangkatan kendaraan dan arus jenuh dasar pada pendekat simpang bersinyal di sepanjang ruas jalan ini. Pada penelitian ini, data yang digunakan meliputi data primer dan sekunder. Data primer yang digunakan berupa data geometrik simpang, fase dan durasi sinyal, serta data arus lalu lintas. Sedangkan untuk data sekunder yang digunakan yaitu berupa jumlah penduduk dan peta jaringan jalan. Waktu keberangkatan diketahui dengan menggunakan analisis statistik sederhana berupa perhitungan rata-rata semua siklus tiap pendekat, sedangkan arus jenuh dasar diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode time slice. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu pada jam tidak puncak (06.30-08.30 WIB), rata-rata kendaraan di 3 dari 4 pendekat berangkat sebelum lampu hijau menyala (lebih cepat), sedangkan pada jam puncak (10.00-12.00 WIB), rata-rata kendaraan di 4 pendekat berangkat setelah lampu hijau menyala (lebih lambat). Untuk arus jenuh dasar, hasil yang diperoleh pada jam tidak puncak (06.30-08.30 WIB) maupun jam puncak (10.00-12.00 WIB), semua pendekat simpang yang diteliti memiliki nilai arus jenuh dasar per meter lebih besar dari nilai arus jenuh dasar per meter yang ada pada MKJI 1997 (600 smp/jam/m), kecuali pada pendekat selatan simpang Jl. Kapten Mulyadi-Jl. Untung Suropati pada jam tidak puncak (06.30-08.30 WIB), yang memiliki nilai arus jenuh dasar per meter lebih kecil yaitu sebesar 538,9202 smp/jam/m.
Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Pembangunan Kembali Pasar Pahing Kedu Kabupaten Temanggung
Authors: Sugiyarto Sugiyarto , Purwanto Edy , Kurniawati Salis
Published: March 2021

Perkembangan penduduk di suatu wilayah berpengaruh pada penyediaan sarana perekonomian di wilayah tersebut. Salah satunya ialah pasar, baik pasar tradisional maupun modern. Kegiatan-kegiatan yang terjadi di pasar dapat memberikan gambaran tentang kondisi perekonomian masyarakat di lingkungan tersebut. Saat ini keberadaan pasar tradisional semakin tersingkir dengan semakin bertambahnya jumlah pasar modern, ditambah pula dengan kesan pasar tradisional yang selama ini selalu dikenal kumuh, bau, dan minim fasilitas, sehingga untuk menjaga eksistensi dari pasar tradisional pemerintah perlu melakukan perbaikan atau pembangunan kembali pasar tradisional yang ada, salah satunya ialah Pasar Pahing Kedu Kabupaten Temanggung. Namun sebelum melaksanakan proyek tersebut, maka perlu diadakan penelian terlebih dahulu dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan yang ada sesuai dengan regulasi yang berlaku untuk mengetahui besarnya nilai jual minimum kios, dan harga tersebut dianalisis layak atau tidak ditinjau dari perbandingan manfaat dan biaya (benefit cost ratio) dan analisis titik impas (break even point) selama umur ekonomis bangunan 20 tahun.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa investasi yang diperlukan untuk proyek pembangunan kembali Pasar Pahing Desa Kedu Kabupaten Temanggung adalah sebesar Rp 3.780.620.481,00. Besarnya nilai jual minimum agar proyek tersebut layak untuk masa angsuran selama 3 tahun adalah Kios Tipe A sebesar Rp 4.412.891,42 / bulan, Kios Tipe B sebesar Rp 3.309.668,57 / bulan, Kios Tipe C sebesar Rp 3.309.668,57 / bulan, Los Tipe D sebesar Rp 1.470.963,81 / bulan,dan Los Tipe E sebesar Rp 1.470.963,81 / bulan. Sedangkan untuk masa angsuran 5 tahun adalah Kios Tipe A sebesar Rp 1.542.497,53 / bulan, Kios Tipe B sebesar Rp 1.156.873,14 / bulan, Kios Tipe C sebesar Rp 1.156.873,14 / bulan, Los Tipe D sebesar Rp 514.165,84 / bulan,dan Los Tipe E sebesar Rp 514.165,84 / bulan. Pada kriteria penilaian kelayakan selama umur ekonomis bangunan 20 tahun didapatkan nilai benefit cost ratio sebesar 1, dan dengan analasis titik impas diketahui investasi tersebut dapat kembali setelah 1,76 tahun untuk masa angsuran selama 3 tahun, sedangkan untuk masa angsuran 5 tahun dapat kembali setelah 2,22 tahun.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menghindari adanya kerugian, sedangkan pemerintah Kabupaten Temanggung lebih mengutamakan sisi sosial kemasyarakatan dan ekonomi kerakyatan dengan tujuan peningkatan kesejahteraan, sehingga sangat mungkin terjadi adanya perbedaan dalam menentukan harga jual kios.
Aerobic Gymnastic Gymnastics Development Survey, Lampung Province
Authors: Latifatur Rohmaniati Aziz Latifatur Rohmaniati Aziz
Published: March 2021

Sports activities without realizing it or consciously are often carried out everywhere. This activity is related to physical movement, play, and recreation. Sports are sports that lead to movement activities aimed at health. aerobic gymnastic is a sport of gymnastics. The aim of this research is to know the development of aerobic gymnastic in Lampung, barriers to aerobic gymnastic exercise. government response, and supporting factors for aerobic gymnastic sports in Lampung province. The approach of this research is descriptive research, where the data collected is in the form of words, pictures, and not numbers. The instruments in this study were observation, interviews, documentation. The study was conducted orally (interview) with 4 respondents. The research location is in the Idola Pahoman Gymnastics Building, Bandar Lampung. The research data that had been collected were fully analyzed qualitatively. Result: The development of aerobic gymnastic in Lampung is good enough. Every sport will definitely need special attention from the government in the hope that the sport itself will develop and be more advanced. Conclusion of the research results: The development of aerobic gymnastic sports in Lampung, the obstacles that occur are about funding and infrastructure for aerobic gymnastic sports equipment in Lampung. The government's response to date has not provided good assistance and response. One of the supporting factors in this sport is adequate funding and infrastructure so that athlete's performance can continue to increase.
Cantos, Carte, and Columns: A Hypothesis Concerning the Original Mise-en-page of Dante’s Comedy
Authors: White Kevin
Published: March 2021

John Ahern conjectures that, in writing out the first copies of the Comedy, Dante wrote on pages formatted for four 36-line columns, with two columns on each side of the page, and he assigned one page to each of the 100 cantos. Building on Ahern’s conjecture, the article suggests that Dante had a standard method of distributing the lines of a canto over the four columns. After describing the method, the article argues that Dante sometimes adapted his composition of a canto to the four-column page format, and that traces of this adaptation can be discerned in certain passages of the Comedy.
Design for Reliability: Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Cased and Perforated Completions with Standalone Screen
Authors: Roostaei Morteza , Soroush Mohammad , Mohammadtabar Farshad , Mohammadtabar Mohammad , Hosseini Seyed Abolhassan , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Sadrzadeh Mohtada , Ghalambor Ali , Fattahpour Vahidoddin
Published: March 2021

The historical challenges and high failure rate of using standalone screen in cased and perforated wellbores pushed several operators to consider cased-hole gravel packing or frac packing as the preferred completion. Despite the reliability of these options, they are more expensive than a standalone screen completion.

In this paper, we employ a combined physical laboratory testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for laboratory scale and field scale to assess the potential use of the standalone screen in completing the cased and perforated wells. The aim is to design a fit-to-purpose sand control method in cased and perforated wells and provide guidelines in perforation strategy and investigate screen and perforation characteristics. More specifically, the simultaneous effect of screen and perforation parameters, near wellbore conditions on pressure distribution and pressure drop are investigated in detail.

A common mistake in completion operation is to separately focus on the design of the screen based on the reservoir sand print and design of the perforation. If sand control is deemed to be required, the perforation strategy and design must go hand in hand with sand control design. Several experiments and simulation models were designed to better understand the effect of perforation density, the fill-up of the annular gap between the casing and screen, perforation collapse, and formation and perforation damage on pressure drop. The experiments consisted of a series of step-rate tests to investigate the role of fluid rate on pressure drop and sand production. There is a critical rate at which the sand filling up the annular gap will fluidize. Both test results and CFD simulation scenarios are comparatively capable to establish the relation between wellbore pressure drop and perforation parameters and determine the optimized design.

The results of this study highlight the workflow to optimize the standalone screen design for the application in cased and perforated completions. The proper design of standalone screen and perforation parameters allows maintaining cost-effective well productivity. Results of this work could be used for choosing the proper sand control and perforation strategy.
Surfactant-Aided Low-Salinity Waterflooding for Low-Temperature Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Shi Yue , Miller Chammi , Mohanty Kishore
Published: March 2021

Carbonate reservoirs tend to be oil-wet/mixed-wet and heterogeneous because of mineralogy and diagenesis. The objective of this study is to improve oil recovery in low-temperature dolomite reservoirs using low-salinity and surfactant-aided spontaneous imbibition. The low-salinity brine composition was optimized using ζ-potential measurements, contact-angle (CA) experiments, and a novel wettability-alteration measure. Significant wettability alteration was observed on dolomite rocks at a salinity of 2,500 ppm. We evaluated 37 surfactants by performing CA, interfacial-tension (IFT), and spontaneous-imbibition experiments. Three (quaternary ammonium) cationic and one (sulfonate) anionic surfactants showed significant wettability alteration and produced 43–63% of original oil in place (OOIP) by spontaneous imbibition. At a low temperature (35°C), oil recovery by low-salinity effect is small compared with that by wettability-altering surfactants. Coreflood tests were performed with a selected low-salinity cationic surfactant solution. A novel coreflood was proposed that modeled heterogeneity and dynamic imbibition into low-permeability regions. The results of the “heterogeneous” coreflood were consistent with that of spontaneous-imbibition tests. These experiments demonstrated that a combination of low-salinity brine and surfactants can make originally oil-wet dolomite rocks more water-wet and improve oil recovery from regions bypassed by waterflood at a low temperature of 35°C.