bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’Information jeunesse : une socialisation citoyenne pour tous les jeunes ?
Authors: Danic Isabelle
Published: January 2019

L’étude d’un centre régional d’information jeunesse visant à « promouvoir [la] participation [des jeunes] comme membres actifs dans la société » révèle la mise en œuvre concomitante de plusieurs dispositifs de participation qui peuvent être envisagés comme formation à différents registres de citoyenneté. En venant s’informer, en étant accompagnés dans leurs projets et en participant aux actions proposées, de nombreux jeunes développent une citoyenneté juridique et civile. À côté de ces opportunités explicitement proposées à tous, l’institution repère et incite les jeunes qui leur semblent aptes à s’investir dans sa gouvernance. Cette socialisation à la citoyenneté politique est ainsi structurée socialement : les jeunes qui s’impliquent ont un niveau d’instruction et souvent une première expérience citoyenne qui leur permet d’intégrer la fonction d’administrateur.
Les jeunes femmes arbitres de football et de rugby
Authors: Terfous Fatia , Pironom Julie , Rix-Lièvre Géraldine
Published: January 2019

Cet article s’intéresse aux jeunes femmes arbitres de football et de rugby âgées de 15 à 24 ans. Il interroge leurs socialisations, dispositions et représentations. L’analyse des données recueillies, entre 2015 et 2017, par questionnaire et entretien ne permet pas de valider l’hypothèse d’une atypie de genre ou d’une socialisation inversée chez ces filles qui pénètrent des espaces sportifs connotés masculins, d’une part, et qui, d’autre part, optent pour un rôle (celui d’arbitre) en dehors de la norme et historiquement dévolu aux hommes. En revanche, les discours confirment l’idée de rapports de genre paradoxaux et ambivalents.
Optic Disc Changes in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Anand S , Yang Y C
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We describe an 8-year-old girl who had bilateral acute anterior uveitis, optic disc swelling, and positive findings on fluorescein angiography. A diagnosis of Kawasaki disease was made. This case highlights the posterior segment features of Kawasaki disease and positive correlation to angiographic findings that have not been previously reponed. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41: 177-179.
Hyphema and Elevated Intraocular Pressure in a Neonate
Authors: Schwiesow Kurt A , Diamond Gary R
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A female neonate delivered vaginally at term was noted 12 hours after birth to have a 20% hyphema, layered temporally. Intraocular pressure in the affected eye was 46 mm Hg. She was treated with intravenous and topical medications, with normalization of pressure within 6 hours. The hyphema cleared completely within 72 hours. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:183-184.
Bilateral, Multifocal Orbital Cysticercosis
Authors: Pushker Neelam , Bajaj Mandeep S , Balasubramanya Ramamurthy
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Orbital cysticercosis is a benign infection with a variety of clinical presentations. Awareness of all of the possible clinical manifestations could aid early diagnosis and prevention of late sequelae. We report a case of bilateral, multifocal, intraconal orbital cysticercosis, which is an extremely rare presentation. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004; 41:185-187.
An Optic Nerve Hypoplasia and Coloboma in a Patient With Hemifacial Microsomia
Authors: Menon Vimala , Chaudhuri Zia , Saxena Rohit
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Posterior segment anomalies are rare features of the oculoauriculovertebral complex. Our patient had hemifacial microsomia with an optic nerve hypoplasia in one eye and an optic nerve coloboma in the other eye. The optic nerve hypoplasia was ipsilateral to the side with hemifacial microsomia and microtia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:238-240.
Traumatic Optic Neuropathy Caused by a Merchandise Display Hook
Authors: Hou Lawrence C , Murphy Marjorie A
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 4-year-old boy presented with complete blindness in his left eye after accidentally walking into a merchandise display hook while shopping in a department store. An ophthalmologic examination revealed no light perception, an amaurotic pupil, and nasal conjunctival injection in the eye. Intravenous steroids did not improve his vision. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:249-250.
Pars Plana Lensectomy for the Management of Ectopia Lentis in Children
Authors: Shortt Alex J. , Lanigan Bernie , O’Keefe Michael
Published: January 2019

Background:

Nontraumatic ectopia lentis arises from a variety of inherited disorders. It may also occur as an isolated abnormality in an otherwise healthy individual. Surgical intervention is necessary when lens subluxation causes a significant refractive error resulting in amblyopia.

Patients and Methods:

We report the results of pars plana lensectomy for nontraumatic ectopia lentis in 24 eyes of 13 patients and provide data on the merits of this surgical approach.

Results:

Postoperative visual acuity was 6/9 or better in 17 of 22 eyes and 6/12 or better in 19 of 22 eyes. Other than contact lens–related problems, there were no perioperative or postoperative complications.

Conclusions:

Pars plana lensectomy is a safe, effective procedure for the management of ectopia lentis. Visual outcomes are excellent. These findings should encourage earlier surgery when indicated to prevent amblyopia and improve visual acuity.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2004;41:289–294.
Surgical Treatment of Advanced Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma in Weill–Marchesani Syndrome
Authors: Harasymowycz Paul , Wilson Richard
Published: January 2019

Purpose:

To describe the surgical treatment of advanced chronic angle closure glaucoma in Weill–Marchesani syndrome.

Patients and Methods:

Two children with Weill–Marchesani syndrome (4 eyes) undergoing lensectomy, anterior vitrectomy, and sutured intraocular lens (IOL) and Molteno tube shunt surgery at Wills Eye Hospital were prospectively studied. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded.

Results:

Both patients presented with increasing myopia and advanced glaucomatous damage. Laser iridotomy was ineffective in deepening the anterior chamber. The first patient developed a flat anterior chamber after trabeculectomy. At the 12-month follow-up visit, all 4 eyes had an important decrease in IOP and cupping after combined lensectomy, anterior vitrectomy, and sutured IOL and Molteno tube shunt placement. One eye had a transitory postoperative choroidal effusion and retinal detachment that resolved spontaneously.

Conclusions:

Advanced chronic angle closure glaucoma in Weill–Marchesani syndrome may be treated with a combination of lensectomy, anterior vitrectomy, and sutured IOL and Molteno tube shunt surgery. In early cases, prophylactic peripheral iridotomies should be stressed.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2004;41:295–299.
Ocular Manifestations and Surgical Management of Lid Coloboma in a Chinese Infant With Linear Nevus Sebaceous Syndrome
Authors: Chiu Thomas Y. H. , Fan Dorothy S. P. , Chu Winnie C. W. , Chan Nongnart R. , Lam Dennis S. C.
Published: January 2019

An 8-month-old Chinese girl with linear nevus sebaceous syndrome had a right upper lid coloboma and right superior scleral ectasia. At 20 months old, successful surgical repair of the lid coloboma was performed with particular attention paid to the sclera ectasia.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2004;41:312–314.
Comparison of Ultrasonic and Ophthalmoscopic Evaluation of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Jokl Danny H.-Kauffmann , Silverman Ronald H. , Springer Alan D. , Towers Helen , Kane Steven , Lopez Robert , Chiang Michael F. , Lloyd Harriet O. , Barbazetto Irene , Horowitz Robyn , Vidne Orit
Published: January 2019

Purpose:

Screening for detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) currently is limited to indirect ophthalmoscopy, which requires considerable examiner skill and experience. We investigated whether conventional 10 MHz B-scan ultrasonography could document the clinical stages of ROP as accurately as indirect ophthalmoscopy.

Methods:

Thirty-four eyes of 18 neonates were examined by masked, independent observers with indirect ophthalmoscopy and digitally recorded 10-MHz B-scan ultrasonography. After pupil dilation and lid speculum placement, the retinologist recorded the stage of retinopathy with a retinal drawing. The ultrasonographer, without use of papillary mydriatics or lid speculum, determined the presence or absence of a ridge or tractional elements, if present on the ridge.

Results:

Ultrasound grade correlated with clinical grade (
R
= .79,
P
< .001). However, nine eyes were overdiagnosed by one stage, and one eye, in which a peripheral detachment was mistaken for an artifact, was underdiagnosed.

Conclusions:

Ten-megahertz ultrasonography offers the potential of imaging and detecting the clinical stages of ROP; the use of higher ultrasound frequencies, now becoming commercially available, is likely to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Care must be taken to distinguish between artifact and true anatomical structures in noncontact ultrasound examinations. Neonates with suspected ROP could be screened with B-scan ultrasonography by neonatal personnel without pupillary dilatation or lid speculum, thus eliminating potential morbidity, and clinically significant cases of ROP then could be referred to the retinologist.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2004;41:345–350.
Management of the Anterior and Posterior Lens Capsules and Vitreous in Pediatric Cataract Surgery
Authors: Guo Suqin , Wagner Rudolph S. , Caputo Anthony
Published: January 2019

Educational Objectives

1.

To review the literature related to the varieties of methods for managing anterior and posterior lens capsules and vitreous in pediatric cataract surgery.

2.

To describe the characteristics of pediatric cataracts and their unique responses to different types of surgical managements.

3.

To discuss our experience in managing anterior and posterior lens capsules and vitreous in pediatric cataract surgery.

See quiz on page 356; no payment required.

Purpose:

To review and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of managing anterior and posterior lens capsules and anterior vitreous in pediatric cataract surgery.

Methods:

We reviewed the literature related to pediatric cataract surgery on PubMed and subclassified the subject into subtopics for managing the anterior lens capsule, posterior lens capsule, and anterior vitreous.

Results:

After a review of the literature, we summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches related to surgical managements of the anterior lens capsule, posterior lens capsule, and anterior vitreous in pediatric cataract surgery. We discussed recommendations from the literature and commented on our experiences related to the above subtopics.

Conclusion:

In the surgical management of pediatric cataract, anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis provides the most reliable and tear-resistant capsular opening. Vitrectorhexis and radiofrequency diathermy, on the other hand, are alternative approaches (depending on the surgeon’s personal preference). Primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis may delay the onset of posterior capsule opacification. Anterior vitrectomy may be necessary to prevent or eliminate the onset of posterior capsule opacification in young children.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2004;41:330–337.
Thermal Performance Testing for Window with Vacuum Glazing
Authors: Chmúrny Ivan , Szabó Daniel , Jurigová Martina
Published: January 2019

This document deals with the determination of thermal transmission properties of wood-aluminium window with vacuum glazing. Test measurements are performed with guarded hot-box method at defined temperature difference. They describe how the support pillars influence temperature distribution on the surface and how the edge vacuum glazing influence the heat flow through window. The deformation of the temperature field due to support pillars is surprisingly small and its range is from 0.20 K to 0.46 K with temperature difference on both sides of approximately 20 K. Decrease of internal surface temperature from the middle of glass to the edge is about 20.04 – 16.15 = 3.89 K.
Villa Castelli - Transformation of Historical Building into Nearly Zero Energy Building
Authors: Penna Paola , Stuffer Oscar , Troi Alexandra , Carí Valentina
Published: January 2019

What Americas Cup and a heritage building have in common They both aim at innovative technologies and cutting-edge solutions. The owner of the project, an ex-crew member of the most famous sailing match race in the world, pushed the planning team to develop extraordinary solutions for his house. The house, Villa Castelli, is an historical listed building located on the Como lake. During its history, it has been transformed many times, giving as results a non-uniform structure composed by different construction technologies. The aims of the owner were: an overall refurbishment particularly focused on energy efficiency, the exploitation of renewable energy sources based on-site production and a fixed budget. To reach these goals, the energy needs have been reduced improving the performance of the thermal envelope. Then, the building's technical systems have been re-developed in order to exploit as much as possible available renewable energy sources. From the very beginning, it was clear that, for finding optimal solutions, a multidisciplinary approach was necessary. The design approach should be the result of a shared approach integrating different fields, such as creative design, technology, knowledge of material properties, building physics. The great synergy among building envelope retrofitting, innovative technological solutions and the deployment of renewable energy sources allows the transformation of this historical listed building into an outstanding example of a nearly zero energy building (nZEB).
Performance Evaluation of a Building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal System Combined with Air-to-Water Heat Pump
Authors: Cinar Seda , Krajčík Michal , Arici Muslum
Published: January 2019

This study presents a research of envelope systems entailing elements that use and control incident solar energy to deliver renewable thermal or electric energy to the systems providing heating, ventilation and air conditioning to buildings. A simulation model of an office building was developed in the simulation program TRNSYS. A photovoltaic / thermal system was integrated into the building´s southern facade to generate electricity and to increase the temperature of the air flowing through the channel behind the photovoltaic modules. Subsequently, the electricity generated was used to power the heat pump and the warm air was used as the primary fluid for the heat pump to generate thermal energy for space heating in the winter. The useful energy gain and power production increased with increasing length of the photovoltaic modules and the air flow rate through the channel in the periods, when there was enough solar radiation impinging on the facade. In January to April, the benefits of the photovoltaic / thermal system were minor because of the low levels of low solar radiation and insufficient efficiency of the system components.
Analyzing the Relation between Input Data and Key Performance Indicators for Building Energy Certificates: An Approach Using Algorithmic Modeling
Authors: Sommer Bernhard , Minovski Damian , Pont Ulrich , Sommer-Nawara Malgorzata , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

This contribution concerns the reproducibility of energy certificates. To examine the impact of different input data assumptions on the results of energy certificates, sensitivity analysis was performed. Conducting such sensitivity analysis manually is not only time consuming and error-prone, but is also typically limited in view of input-data/result combinations. This can be a problem, as a number of input data combinations can have contradictory influences on corresponding KPI (key performance indicator) results. For instance, transparent building components increase not only solar gains, but also transmittance losses. As an alternative to manual modification of input data, the parametric algorithm-editor, Grasshopper (an Add-on to the CAD/CAM-environment Rhino) was utilized. The calculation standards of the Austrian energy certificate procedure were implemented in this environment. Input data values can be modified via a graphical user interface (rulers), and the impact of the change is instantly generated by the environment. Past research regarding planners' usage of energy certificate tools identified usability and overall user acceptance of such calculation tools as a weak spot. Thus, the implementation of calculation routines within a widely used drafting/parametrization tool could result in increased acceptance by planners. In a first methodological approach, the impact of input assumptions regarding building typology and window properties on solar gains, transmittance losses, and heating demand were considered. The contribution illustrates the method and the results of a number of case studies, which show that the concept can be usefully deployed in energy evaluation of buildings. Thereby, the approach can accommodate two requirements: On the one hand, it can result in a tool to evaluate building concepts in early design stages. On the other hand, it can serve as a conceptual vehicle to explore and evaluate calculation methods, such as the standardized energy certification procedure.
The Return of Spatial Dimension into Architecture
Authors: Kresevic Ziga , Volberg Claudia
Published: January 2019

The aim of the paper is to explore and establish a base for a possible development of a more holistic and spatially-inclusive method for evaluating energy performance of buildings. This is to be achieved by envisioning building envelopes as arrangements of spatial zones, which could improve the overall energy balance of buildings but at the same time reduce the usage of construction materials and thus consumption of production energy and built-up space. The wall deconstructed in spatial zones, as shown e.g. in Antivilla by Brandlhuber-+, opens a series of questions about the future of existing building codes and certification tools. The potentials are discussed based on the aspects of flexibility, responsiveness, adaptability, replaceability and affordability. The analysis outlines the benefits of the inclusion of those paradigms in the definition of sustainable architecture, and at the same time exposes the lack of possibility to reflect their potential by the established certification criteria. The paper aims at opening the discussion about the limits and traps of quantifying architecture and calls for rethinking of established schemes of sustainability in building sector.
Performance Enquiries Regarding Traditional and Contemporary Indonesian Architecture: A Holistic Approach
Authors: Pont Ulrich , Herbig Ulrike , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

This contribution sheds light on recent research efforts that pertain to the built environment in Indonesia. Within the rich diversity of cultures in the Nusantara archipelago interesting examples can be found that illustrate the adaptation to the challenging environmental conditions. Through this research the possibilities for sophisticated solutions for future are investigated, focusing on the building performance. Architecture and planning tasks in Indonesia have to consider the following preconditions: (i) The prevailing hot and humid climate, which will be strongly influenced by the climate change in the future; (ii) the country’s geography, which consists of a number of wide-spread islands; (iii) the rich and diverse historical development, including a very diverse architectural heritage; (iv) the location within the “Pacific Ring of Fire”, causing recurring natural disasters (e.g. volcano eruptions, earthquakes); (v) a currently ongoing rapid change in socioeconomic key data (economic growth rate, population growth, digitalization); (vi) a strong tendency to urbanization. Whereas these facts are known, as well as the need for energy efficient buildings, the level of knowledge about the performance of buildings in different regions of Indonesia is rather limited. Specifically, regional building traditions are often treated only in historical discourse. Thus, an interdisciplinary research effort that aims to examine Indonesian architecture in a comprehensive and holistic way has been undertaken in the past years, based on works dating back to 2005. In this paper we present parts of these efforts, namely (i) the assessment of a contemporary art museum in the city of Yogyakarta using monitored indoor conditions, and conception of potential future improvement; (ii) Further data collection efforts currently performed on a number of traditional residential buildings, (iii) a review of current, exemplary re-development efforts including the utilization and adaptation of traditional architectural concepts in Indonesia, and (iv) the details of the recently started incentive on interdisciplinary research on Indonesian architecture.
Conserving the Paradise: Toward Sustainable Touristic Development in the Westmanggarai, Indonesia
Authors: Herbig Ulrike , Valent Karl Markus , Pont Ulrich , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

Indonesia has a large variety of socio-spatial patterns that have developed over centuries. These settlement patterns correspond to the social, economic and landscape conditions and are part of the deeply rooted cultural heritage of Indonesia. The cultural heritage but also outstanding natural sites are base for an increasing popularity in tourism all over the Indonesian Archipelago. One of it is the island of Flores including the Komodo National Park that has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The town Labuan Bajo as the entry point to the national park is facing a rapid growth number of visitors after being declared as one of the focal points in of tourist development by the Indonesian government in 2016. With the Sepuluh Bali Baru (10 New Bali) concept the ministry of tourism launched a plan that aims to replicate the economic effects of tourism in Bali nationally. This development brought a number of challenges to the region especially concerning planning matters. One of the plans to deal with the different issues is to create an independent, international and interdisciplinary research center to support the local government, stakeholders and the population of Flores. This paper will describe first studies for a project launched in cooperation of the TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Universitas Gadjah Mada, National University of Singapore and the University of Sydney to develop a label for a sustainable tourism for the island if Flores starting with investigations in Labuan Bajo.
Generation Tool for Automated Thermal City Modelling
Authors: Nageler Peter , Mach Thomas , Heimrath Richard , Schranzhofer Hermann , Hochenauer Christoph
Published: January 2019

Constructing dynamic building models of entire urban districts or cities is a time consuming effort. An automation process is required to shorten the considerable time needed for manual input and to parameterize simulation tools. This paper presents a generation tool for fully automated thermal city modelling that generates dynamic building models with detailed heating systems. The tool is an interface between a PostgreSQL database and the dynamic building energy simulation environment IDA ICE. Tests show that up to 300 automated generated buildings with a simple geometry and 70 buildings each with a heating system can be simulated per CPU.
Assessment of the Life Cycle Energy Efficiency of a Primary School Building in Turkey
Authors: Moazzen Nazanin , Karaguler Mustafa Erkan , Ashrafian Touraj
Published: January 2019

Energy efficiency has become a crucial part of human life, which has an adverse impact on the social and economic development of any country. In Turkey, it is a critical issue especially in the construction sector due to increase in the dependency on the fuel demands. The energy consumption, which is used during the life cycle of a building, is a huge amount affected by the energy demand for material and building construction, HVAC and lighting systems, maintenance, equipment, and demolition. In general, the Life Cycle Energy (LCE) needs of the building can be summarised as the operational and embodied energy together with the energy use for demolition and recycling processes.Besides, schools alone are responsible for about 15% of the total energy consumption of the commercial building sector. To reduce the energy use and CO2 emission, the operational and embodied energy of the buildings must be minimised. Overall, it seems that choosing proper architectural measures for the envelope and using low emitting material can be a logical step for reducing operational and embodied energy consumptions.This paper is concentrated on the operating and embodied energy consumptions resulting from the application of different architectural measures through the building envelope. It proposes an educational building with low CO2 emission and proper energy performance in Turkey. To illustrate the method of the approach, this contribution illustrates a case study, which was performed on a representative schoold building in Istanbul, Turkey. Energy used for HVAC and lighting in the operating phase and the energy used for the manufacture of the materials are the most significant parts of embodied energy in the LCE analyses. This case study building’s primary energy consumption was calculated with the help of dynamic simulation tools, EnergyPlus and DesignBuilder. Then, different architectural energy efficiency measures were applied to the envelope of the case study building. Then, the influence of proposed actions on LCE consumption and Life Cycle CO2 (LCCO2) emissions were assessed according to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method.
Subjective Evaluation of Sustainability and Attractiveness Criteria of Planned Buildings: A Case Study
Authors: Pont Ulrich , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

Architectural competitions are regarded an important way to find close-to-optimal solutions for given building design tasks. In recent years, sustainability criteria within architectural competitions increased in importance. However, the question how to cleverly integrate sustainability criteria into the required deliverables that architects have to provide in competition entries remains widely unsolved. Even if energy calculations or tabular data are stipulated, both meaningfulness and impact on the jury decision seem to be highly doubtful. This might be due to a number of reasons: First of all, architectural competitions regularly address early design stages. In other words, large uncertainties regarding construction assemblies, glazing properties, and HVAC-systems (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning) persist at this moment, thus energy evaluations come with a high level of inaccuracy. Moreover, juries that evaluate competition entries regularly consist of domain specialists for the later building usage and architects, but not necessarily encompass energy efficiency specialists. This is understandable, given the multitude of requirements within building design, where sustainability is only one out of many. Furthermore, there is no common understanding regarding clear decision criteria pertaining to sustainability. Even if certain scalar KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) are demanded, these numbers can regularly not describe the overall performance of a building design. Another important aspect is that entries to architectural competitions regularly are checked onto formal issues, but not regarding the plausibility of their content. As such, it cannot be expected that the winning and running-up projects of competitions automatically resemble the most sustainable projects. Literally, any sustainability or energy performance description has to be taken for granted, but can rarely be validated. Commonly it is argued that the winning projects of competitions are regularly the competition entries that show the most balanced mix of different attributes. This, however, is difficult to evaluate. In the present contribution we illustrate the methodology and results of a recently conducted empirical experiment. Thereby, we asked undergraduate and graduate students of architecture to subjectively evaluate a set of competition entries of a recent architectural competition for a high-density, low-energy residential housing project. The project entries were the winning project as well as the five runner-up projects. The students were provided with principle information about the competition and its principle goals and then had to rank the projects regarding different criteria. The comparison of this subjective evaluation was then compared with the competition result. Some differences between the jury’s ranking and the subjective evaluation could be observed.
Thermo-Hygral and Environmental Evaluation of Chosen Parts of an Ultra-Low-Energy Family Houses
Authors: Turcsanyi Peter , Sedláková Anna , Kridlova-Burdova Eva , Vilčeková Silvia
Published: January 2019

The goal of this paper is to assess two ultra-low-energy family houses from thermo-physical aspects and environmental perspectives. Thermo – physical evaluation, done in two-dimensional PC software Area, has shown results that consent with the newest standards for designing critical details in two ultra-low-energy family houses. Both cases show correctness in design in regards to thermo-physical properties. Both critical spots – corners are well insulated with surface temperatures over 17°C, which indicates low risk of mold occurring. Most of the embodied energy is in roof construction with value of 3084 MJ in house A and 1943 MJ in house B. In terms of indicator of global warming potential, most emissions were calculated in bearing walls of house B (593 kgCO2eq/m2). From the acidification potential, the most emissions were determined in the roof construction B (1.02283 kgSO2eq/m2). It can be stated that financial expenses on groundwork and preparing polystyrene casing for a reinforced concrete slab is significantly higher (family house A) than for foundation insulated from the exterior side with extruded polystyrene (family house B).
Analysis of Night-Time Pre-Cooling in a School Building
Authors: Kovac Martin , Kovacova Katarina
Published: January 2019

The content of this paper is a theoretical case study of a school building where the impact of night pre-cooling on operative temperature during summer period is analyzed. The classroom under pitched roof was selected for case study purposes. There are glass surfaces on roof and in external wall. We compare two types of building constructions. On the one hand side there is the wooden lightweight construction. On the other hand side there is the heavyweight construction made of reinforced concrete. The mechanical ventilation system provides for the required air change rate in classroom during whole day. The results from energy simulation show positive impact of night pre-cooling in combination with heavyweight building construction on maximum operative temperature in classroom during summer period. The results are output from dynamic energy simulation tool DesignBuilder.
Design of Fire Ventilation System for an Underground Car Park by CFD Simulations
Authors: Kmecová Miroslava , Buday Peter , Vojtaššák Jozef , Krajčík Michal
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study is to design a fire ventilation system with impulse jet fans for an underground car park. During the planning, it is necessary to consider all aspects of fluid behaviour however, there is a number of parameters that can affect the flow of smoke that need to be considered. There is a good chance of miscalculations when computing the overall fluid flow using conventional plain calculations. To avoid mistakes, visualize the fluid flow and also to directly compare the different design variants it can be practical to use computer software, specifically CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations. By CFD it is possible to better analyse and keep control of the flow of fluid, heat transfer and other related phenomena. It also helps predict the contamination level of Carbon Monoxide, heat and smoke intensity and distribution. In this study CFD simulations were used to design, test and compare two alternatives of fire ventilation system. The two alternatives differed from each other in the location of the impulse jet fans and exhaust ventilation shafts, and in the ventilation intensity (10-times per hour in the first alternative and 15-times per hour in the second alternative). The results have shown that the first alternative is not suitable as the car park was not sufficiently ventilated after 1500 seconds after the simulation had begun, whereas in the second alternative the smoke was almost completely exhausted and the visibility was significantly improved. The simulation results emphasize the important effect of design and location of the different elements on the functionality and efficiency of a fire protection system.
Thermal Performance of School Buildings: A Case Study from Albania
Authors: Keco Elisa , Pont Ulrich , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

Educational facilities are expected not only to provide good thermal performance regarding energy efficiency, but also healthy and comfortable indoor conditions. The latter is specifically relevant to the well-being and learning performance of the children or students in such buildings. While the performance of school buildings in central Europe has been subjected to several scientific investigations, the same does not apply to the same extent to educational facilities from CEE (Central and Eastern European) countries. While general economic circumstances in these countries are arguably improving, the state of the public educational facilities remains less than ideal. In this contribution, which is based on a research effort conducted in the framework of a master thesis [1], we illustrate a related case study from Albania. This study focuses on the thermal performance of three school buildings (in different cities and climate zones in Albania) in view of energy demand and indoor thermal comfort. Thereby, both on-site data monitoring and numeric thermal simulation were deployed to assess the performance of these school buildings.
Comparison of Measured and Calculated Air Changes due to Single Sided Window Openings - A Case Study
Authors: Schuss Matthias , Balmus Alexandra , Tahmasebi Farhang , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

The present paper focuses on the evaluation of different methods for calculation of air change rates due to natural ventilation through windows. Such estimations are of utmost importance for the studies, in which the influence of window operation on thermal comfort, air quality and building performance is to be addressed. Especially, to build accurate building performance models and to develop reliable building simulation scenarios, it is crucial to predict proper values of air exchange. A number of standards and recent scientific contributions present various models for the estimation of air change rates, whereby different sets of input parameters related to room and outdoor conditions are needed. The current contribution examines the reliability of calculated air change rates obtained via a number of widely used estimation methods for a case study room with single sided windows. To this end, a number of tracer gas measurements in a variety of window state settings were conducted, and the real air change rates were calculated based on the measured concentration decay of the tracer gas. Consequently, using the resulting measured and calculated values of air change rates, the reliability of estimation methods could be extensively explored.
Analysis of Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in the Kindergarten Hart - A Case Study of a Unique Sustainable Building Design
Authors: Schuss Matthias , Taheri Mahnameh , Pont Ulrich , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

The present contribution, reports on the results of ongoing research efforts on performance assessment of a number of buildings designed by the Austrian architect, Konrad Frey. He is a pioneer of energy-efficient architecture, and his designs, those dating back to the 1970s, adapted the principles of modern solar houses. The current study focuses on the Kindergarten Hart, which was especially designed focusing on the availability of cross ventilation option in building. For the purpose of analyzing thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and the occupants’ adaptive actions with respect to natural ventilation, we conducted long-term monitoring under summer and winter conditions. The monitoring efforts covered indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, as well as the state of windows. Thereby, study of the monitored dataset provides a better understanding of the building performance. Moreover, it makes it possible to examine whether the architect’s expectations in terms of thermal comfort and indoor air quality levels are fulfilled or not. In addition, investigation of the occupants’ interactions with windows, together with indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, assists understanding of possible associations between the window opening/closing and environmental parameters, as well as potential optimization of the control-oriented actions.
A Web Based Data Processing Concept for Building Diagnostics and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Schuss Matthias , Tahmasebi Farhang , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

Buildings are responsible for a major amount of the annual energy consumption. A detailed recording and evaluation of building data could provide a deeper understanding of building operation schemes and the corresponding performance. This could help building owners and operators to evaluate and better understand the actual situation. Based on this (real-time) data an optimized operation scheme can be designed and implemented for future time steps. Additionally, a more detailed understanding of the impact of previous building systems interactions will be possible. The building automation industry and the related service provider sector are actually providing proprietary solutions for data logging, visualization and energy optimization. Such solutions are regularly integrated into their own specific software of the used proprietary building management solutions. As an alternative, we suggest an Internet of Things (IoT) and web services inspired concept for the implementation of a generic web service for building diagnostics. Our suggestion encompasses a holistic performance evaluation that considers both the energy consumptions and delivered building service. In this contribution, a general design of a web service based solution is presented and the future possibilities for data access from various sources are discussed. Furthermore, details of actually developed and demonstratively implemented software components for data preprocessing are presented. Data processing examples for different types of data are included and highlight the potential of such web-based approaches. Moreover, possibilities for improved building control by the use of web services for operation schedule generation or model predictive control are illustrated and critically debated.
Simulation Study of a Novel Solar Thermal Seasonal Heat Storage System Based on Stable Supercooled PCM for Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water Supply of Single Family Houses
Authors: Moser Christoph , Englmair Gerald , Schranzhofer Hermann , Heinz Andreas
Published: January 2019

A TRNSYS model of a novel PCM heat storage, utilizing stable supercooling of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate (SAT), is presented. To achieve high solar fractions in heat supply of single family houses, the necessary integration of big water volumes is challenging. To evaluate its functionality, a system model of a solar thermal combisystem for space heating and domestic hot water supply for dynamic system simulation was built. The key component is a PCM volume for long term heat storage. While conventional heat storage concepts with SAT release the latent heat a few degrees below the melting temperature, with the concept of stable supercooling latent heat can be stored for long periods of time at ambient temperature. This allows the design of a partly loss-free storage. Solar fractions were evaluated for simulation runs with two building variations. Annual specific space heating demands of 15 and 30 kWh/(m2a) and a domestic hot water demand of a typical single family house were considered. A sensitivity analysis on solar fractions of domestic heat supply was performed by variation of the collector field and the PCM volume. While the increase of the PCM volume from 4.5 m3 to 9 m3 shows moderate effects in all simulation runs, an increase of the collector area has substantial effects on the share of solar heat on the total energy demand of the building.
Modeling of Radiators with Mass Flow Control
Authors: Šikula Ondřej , Charvát Pavel , Adjlout Lahouari , Ladjedel Omar
Published: January 2019

The topic of the contribution can be included in computer modeling of the thermal behavior of radiators for heating of buildings. Control of heaters leads to dynamic phenomena affecting the final thermal state of the heated room and heating energy consumption. The paper focuses on modeling of radiator quantitative control method using thermostatic valve. The objective of the paper is to show a quality of controlling and to compare an energy consumption when various thermostatic radiator valves time delay are set. The models of control, radiator, and a room are implemented in software TRNSYS. The results show significant differences in energy consumption.
Synthesizing Alkaline Earth Metal Hydroxides Nanoparticles through an Innovative, Single-Step and Eco-Friendly Method
Authors: Taglieri Giuliana , Daniele Valeria , Macera Ludovico
Published: January 2019

The objective of this paper is to introduce a patented and eco-friendly method to synthesize aqueous suspension of all types of alkaline-earth metal hydroxides nanoparticles (NPs). This method is based on an ion exchange process; the exchange takes place at ambient temperature/pressure, starts from cheap or renewable reagents and, in one single step, results in the creation of the crystalline desired nanoparticles in only a few minutes. In terms of structural and morphological features, the synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by means of XRD-Rietveld refinement, FTIR, and TEM. In particular, we obtained pure and crystalline magnesium and calcium hydroxide suspensions, showing the typical brucite crystal structure with a hexagonal lamellar morphology and dimensions generally <100 nm. With respect to the strontium and barium hydroxide suspensions, we observed different kinds of hydroxides (either anhydrous and hydrate forms), characterized by orthorhombic or monoclinic crystal lattices with rod-like nanostructured morphologies. Despite the different morphologies, all synthesized nanoparticles appear constituted by a superimposition of primary nanoparticles, of dimensions ranging from a few to 15 nm, correlated to the increase in the atomic number of the alkaline earth metal.
Evaluation of Multi-Functional Silica-Based Nano-Products for Consolidating and Protecting Stone Material from Archaeological Sites
Authors: Perez-Ema Natalia , Alvarez de Buergo Monica
Published: January 2019

A silica-based nanoproduct - UCAT-10P© - developed and patented by the TEP-243 (Molecular sieves and other nanomaterials) group of the Cadiz University (UCA) is applied on two stone materials – granite and marble – from the stage front of the Roman theater of Merida, World Heritage by UNESCO (1993). Marble shows firstly scaling as the main decay form, and granite, grain-disintegration, which, at the same time, favor an acceleration of their deterioration condition due to physical, mechanical, chemical and biological processes. That is the reason of assessing the efficiency and durability of a multifuncional nanoproduct, with both consolidating and hydrophobing effects. The performance of this product has been evaluated in terms of the appearance of the stone surfaces (color and roughness), the consolidating role (hardness and ultrasound velocity) and the hydrophobing achievements (capillarity and water contact angle). The most distinctive feature of this research is the in situ testing of the stone blocks, the use of mostly non-destructive and portable techniques, and the monitoring of the product performance of the treatment at a short (1 month) and mid-term (12-15 months), proving the efficacy of the product, although its behavior changes with time.
Differentemente. Per un’etica dell’accomodamento ragionevole / Differently. For a reasonable accommodation ethics
Authors: Musio Alessio
Published: January 2019

Nel testo della Convenzione Onu sui Diritti delle persone con disabilità (2007) l’espressione “accomodamento ragionevole” è decisiva. Se lo scopo è quello di promuovere «il pieno e uguale godimento di tutti i diritti umani e di tutte le libertà fondamentali da parte delle persone con disabilità» (così l’art. 1), la categoria di “accomodamento ragionevole” emerge sin da subito come il mezzo riflessivo di tale finalità. Scopo del presente saggio è riflettere sul significato etico dell’accomodamento ragionevole, alla luce di una riflessione sul rapporto tra uguaglianza e differenza umane. L’uguaglianza come equità, infatti, non ha nulla a che vedere con l’egualitarismo. L’ideale morale dell’uguaglianza richiede, al contrario, un’etica che sappia valutare il tema delle differenze, andando oltre il tema della sola diversità di genere (maschile/femminile), per pensare direttamente i temi della disabilità. Ne deriva la possibilità di rispondere a quell’indifferenza che nell’epoca delle tecno-scienze tende a diventare, da semplice fatto, una vera e propria cultura antitetica alle logiche della giustizia sociale e dell’amore. ---------- “Reasonable accommodation” is a fundamental term for The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2007). If the aim is to promote “the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities” (Article 1), the category of “reasonable accommodation” emerges immediately as the reflective means of this purpose. The aim of the present article is to reflect on the ethical meaning of reasonable accommodation, in the light of a reflection around the relationship between equality and human difference. In fact, equality as fairness, has nothing to do with egalitarianism. The moral ideal of equality requires, on the contrary, an ethic able to evaluate the topic of differences, going beyond the theme of gender diversity (male/female), in order to think directly about the issues of disability. The result is the possibility of responding to the indifference that in the age of techno-sciences tends to become, from a simple fact, a true antithetical culture to the logic of social justice and love.
God as One
Authors: Oliver Willem H. , Oliver Erna
Published: January 2019

Two notions are discussed in this article, namely, the (unity of the) Trinity and God’s omnipresence. These two notions are deeply embedded in the Christian faith system and religion – they actually form both the basis and point of departure for the Christian religion. The aim of this article is to revisit the (Early Church and present) dogma of the Church about the Trinity and omnipresence of God as a result of the heresies and apologies linked to this dogma, and to rethink the notion of the concept ‘Trinity’ linked to God’s omnipresence. The historical method is used in the discussion of the (primary) sources and to reach the outcome.