bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides from Lumbricus Earthworms: Targeting SOCS2 E3 Ligase for Cardiovascular Therapy through Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Alotaiq Nasser , Dermawan Doni , Elwali Nasr Eldin
Published: October 2024

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, essential for cytokine signaling and immune responses. Its dysregulation contributes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by promoting abnormal cell growth, inflammation, and resistance to cell death. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between Lumbricus-derived proteins and peptides and SOCS2, with a focus on identifying potential therapeutic candidates for CVDs. Utilizing a multifaceted approach, advanced computational methodologies, including 3D structure modeling, protein–protein docking, 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and MM/PBSA calculations, were employed to assess the binding affinities and functional implications of Lumbricus-derived proteins on SOCS2 activity. The findings revealed that certain proteins, such as Lumbricin, Chemoattractive glycoprotein ES20, and Lumbrokinase-7T1, exhibited similar activities to standard antagonists in modulating SOCS2 activity. Furthermore, MM/PBSA calculations were employed to assess the binding free energies of these proteins with SOCS2. Specifically, Lumbricin exhibited an average ΔGbinding of −59.25 kcal/mol, Chemoattractive glycoprotein ES20 showed −55.02 kcal/mol, and Lumbrokinase-7T1 displayed −69.28 kcal/mol. These values suggest strong binding affinities between these proteins and SOCS2, reinforcing their potential therapeutic efficacy in cardiovascular diseases. Further in vitro and animal studies are recommended to validate these findings and explore broader applications of Lumbricus-derived proteins.
Understanding the Transformations of San Lorenzo, Rome: An Attempt at Conceptual Order between Gentrification and Urban Policy
Authors: Astore Antonia , Tricarico Luca
Published: October 2024

This paper is the result of a preliminary research phase aimed at identifying the phenomenon of gentrification in Rome’s San Lorenzo neighborhood, examining the perception of the phenomenon and the urban planning tools that have been adopted until today to contain it. The experimental framework proposed, based on qualitative research methods, aims to discuss if some urban transformations can be related only to market phenomenon inherent to gentrification or to the lack of planning tools able to manage—through the construction of a shared view on neighborhoods development—the negative externalities resulting from the real estate investments induced by the tourism sector and linked to the presence of universities in the reference territory. The research combines an international theoretical framework; the analysis of the policies and of the urban transformation during the contemporary history of the neighborhood; and interviews to key informants such as representatives of local institutions and associations, researchers, inhabitants, and others. The research approach intends to deepen the general perception and the comprehension of the phenomenon of gentrification from the local community, in relation to his own involvement in decision-making processes about the strategic regulatory–prescriptive development of the neighborhood. The primary objective of the paper is to advocate for an analytical framework that facilitates a better understanding of gentrification within the national context and explores potential institutional responses. It seeks to clarify the concept of gentrification, which is often misunderstood when interpreted solely through its Anglo-Saxon definition. By doing so, the paper aims to contribute to informed discussions and effective policy-making regarding urban development in San Lorenzo and beyond.
Synthetic Routes to 2-aryl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-amines: Cross-Coupling and Challenges in SEM-Deprotection
Authors: Merugu Srinivas Reddy , Selmer-Olsen Sigrid , Kaada Camilla Johansen , Sundby Eirik , Hoff Bård Helge
Published: October 2024

7-Azaindoles are compounds of considerable medicinal interest. During development of the structure–activity relationship for inhibitors of the colony stimulated factor 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (CSF1R), a specific 2-aryl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-amine was needed. Two different synthetic strategies were evaluated, in which the order of the key C-C and C-N cross-coupling steps differed. The best route relied on a chemoselective Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling at C-2 on a 2-iodo-4-chloropyrrolopyridine intermediate, and subsequently a Buchwald–Hartwig amination with a secondary amine at C-4. Masking of hydroxyl and pyrroles proved essential to succeed with the latter transformation. The final trimethylsilylethoxymethyl (SEM) deprotection step was challenging, as release of formaldehyde gave rise to different side products, most interestingly a tricyclic eight-membered 7-azaindole. The target 2-aryl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-amine (compound 3c) proved to be 20-fold less potent than the reference inhibitor, confirming the importance of the N-3 in the pyrrolopyrimidine parent compound for efficient CSF1R inhibition.
Optimization of Liquid Fermentation of Acanthopanax senticosus Leaves and Its Non-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Xueyan , Xue Jiaojiao , Li Xiaoli , Li Ying , Ding Yi , Feng Yichao , Zhang Xueping , Su Jianqing , Chu Xiuling
Published: October 2024

To enhance the nutritional value of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves (AL), a fermentation process was conducted using a probiotic Bacillus mixture, and the changes in chemical constituents and biological activities before and after fermentation were compared. A response surface methodology was employed to optimize the liquid fermentation conditions of AL based on their influence on polyphenol content. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis was performed using LC-MS/MS to reveal the differing profiles of compounds before and after fermentation. The results indicated that Bacillus subtilis LK and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M2 significantly influenced polyphenol content during fermentation. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined to be a fermentation time of 54 h, a temperature of 39.6 °C, and an inoculum size of 2.5% (v/v). In comparison to unfermented AL, the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as the free radical scavenging capacities measured by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the activities of β-glucosidase and endo-glucanase, were significantly increased. The non-targeted metabolomics analysis identified 1348 metabolites, of which 829 were classified as differential metabolites. A correlation analysis between the differential metabolites of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity revealed that 13 differential metabolites were positively correlated with antioxidant activity. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the differential metabolites identified 82 pathways, with two of the top 25 metabolic pathways related to flavonoids. This study explores the potential for enhancing the active ingredients and biological effects of AL through probiotic fermentation using Bacillus strains.
Fast and Sensitive Determination of Iodide Based on Ternary Chalcogenides Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Zhitai , Wu Nengtao , Wang Weihao , Hu Yaozheng , Luo Zhijie , Zheng Yuhui , Wang Qianming
Published: October 2024

A fluorescent probe based on ternary AgFeS2 quantum dots has been prepared for the design of ternary chalcogenides. The nanoparticles are synthesized with oleylamine as a stabilizer at a low temperature (particle size in the range of 2 to 3 nm) and they exhibit an intense blue emission in aqueous media. As for their internal structure, each nanoparticle’s relative stoichiometric ratio (AgFe1.01S1.91) is very close to the theoretical value of 1:1:2. Their magnetic properties have been studied with a vibrating sample magnetometer and they have ferromagnetism between 4 K and 298 K (applied magnetic field ranging between −10,000 and 10,000 Oe). In the presence of iodide ions, the emission at 458 nm derived from AgFeS2 QDs has been observed to give rise to fluorescence quenching. The detection system is based on a static quenching process and morphological change between iodide ions and AgFeS2, which has a good linear range from 0 to 37.5 μmol/L, with a limit of detection of 0.99 μM. The nanoprobe responds within 30 s for the efficient detection of iodide. Such functional quantum dots will provide a powerful indicator in environmental and bio-sensing applications.
Removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from a Monometallic Contaminated Solution by Modified Biochar-Immobilized Bacterial Microspheres
Authors: Li Zaiquan , Xiao Xu , Xu Tao , Chu Shiyu , Wang Hui , Jiang Ke
Published: October 2024

Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are toxic pollutants that are prevalent in wastewater and pose a serious threat to the natural environment. In this study, a new immobilized bacterial microsphere (CYB-SA) was prepared from corn stalk biochar and Klebsiella grimontii by sodium alginate encapsulation and vacuum freeze-drying technology. The removal effect of CYB-SA on Pb(II) and Cd(II) in a monometallic contaminated solution was studied. The results showed that the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by CYB-SA was 99.14% and 83.35% at a dosage of 2.0 g/L and pH = 7, respectively, which was 10.77% and 18.58% higher than that of biochar alone. According to the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by CYB-SA at 40 °C were 278.69 mg/g and 71.75 mg/g, respectively. A combination of the kinetic model, the isothermal adsorption model, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses showed that the main adsorption mechanisms of CYB-SA encompass functional group complexation, ion exchange, electrostatic attraction and physical adsorption. The findings of this study offer practical and theoretical insights into the development of highly efficient adsorbents for heavy metals.
Comparison of Construction Strategies of Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) in Li Battery and Mg Battery—A Review
Authors: Wang Zhongting , Deng Rongrui , Wang Yumei , Pan Fusheng
Published: October 2024

The solid electrolyte interface (SEI) plays a critical role in determining the performance, stability, and longevity of batteries. This review comprehensively compares the construction strategies of the SEI in Li and Mg batteries, focusing on the differences and similarities in their formation, composition, and functionality. The SEI in Li batteries is well-studied, with established strategies that leverage organic and inorganic components to enhance ion diffusion and mitigate side reactions. In contrast, the development of the SEI in Mg batteries is still in its initial stages, facing significant challenges such as severe passivation and slower ion kinetics due to the divalent nature of magnesium ions. This review highlights various approaches to engineering SEIs in both battery systems, including electrolyte optimization, additives, and surface modifications. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of these strategies on electrochemical performance, cycle life, and safety. The comparison provides insights into the underlying mechanisms, challenges, and future directions for SEI research.
Investigation of Structural and Spectral Peculiarities of Fusarium sp. Indicator Pigment Bostrycoidin
Authors: Povolotckaia Anastasia , Pankin Dmitrii , Novikov Vasiliy , Borisov Evgenii , Kuznetsov Sergey , Dorokhov Alexey , Gulyaev Anatoly , Zavyalova Elena , Alieva Rugiya , Akulov Sergey , Belousov Sergey , Moskovskiy Maksim
Published: October 2024

Bostrycoidin is one of the pigments produced by the Fusarium genus of fungi. On the one hand, it has significant pharmacological importance, while on the other hand, it serves as a presence marker of Fusarium infection in useful grain crops, fruits, and soils. In this regard, the structural and optical properties of the bostrycoidin molecule were studied in the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The most stable geometry as well as higher-energy conformers and tautomers were investigated. The lowest-energy tautomer was found to be about 3 kcal/mol higher in energy than the most stable structure, resulting in relatively low population of this state. The obtained conformational rotamers associated with the rotation of the OMe group possess similar energy. The vibrational spectrum was modeled for the most stable conformer, and the most active peaks in the IR absorbance spectrum were assigned. Moreover, the electronic absorption spectrum was simulated within the time-dependent DFT approach. The obtained theoretical spectrum is in good agreement with the experimental data and the theoretically calculated longest-wavelength transition (HOMO–LUMO) was about 498 nm.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Antrodia camphorata Mycelium Powder on Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage
Authors: Kim Unyong , Jang Sung-Il , Chen Pei-Ni , Horii Shingo , Wen Wu-Che
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Antrodia camphorata, also known as “Niuchangchih” in Taiwan, is a unique medicinal mushroom native to Taiwan. It is used in traditional medicine to treat various health conditions. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of A. camphorata mycelia on alcohol-induced liver damage, both in vitro and in vivo, in a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) facility. Methods: The experimental groups consisted of a normal control group (G1), a negative control group (G2), an A. camphorata mycelium powder 50 mg/kg/day administration group (G3), a 100 mg/kg/day administration group (G4), a 200 mg/kg/day administration group (G5), and a positive control silymarin 200 mg/kg/day administration group (G6), with 10 Sprague Dawley rats assigned to each treatment group. Results: We found that treatment with A. camphorata mycelium powder significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, adiponectin, triglyceride, and malondialdehyde concentrations. Histopathological analysis also revealed that the inflammation score significantly decreased in the A. camphorata-treated groups. Conclusion: Based on these results, we conclude that repeated oral administration of A. camphorata mycelium powder is effective in improving alcoholic liver disease.
STORMS: A Pilot Feasibility Study for Occupational TeleRehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Vestito Lucilla , Ferraro Federica , Iaconi Giulia , Genesio Giulia , Bandini Fabio , Mori Laura , Trompetto Carlo , Dellepiane Silvana
Published: October 2024

Digital solutions in the field of restorative neurology offer significant assistance, enabling patients to engage in rehabilitation activities remotely. This research introduces ReMoVES, an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) system delivering telemedicine services specifically tailored for multiple sclerosis rehabilitation, within the overarching framework of the STORMS project. The ReMoVES platform facilitates the provision of a rehabilitative exercise protocol, seamlessly integrated into the Individual Rehabilitation Project, curated by a multidimensional medical team operating remotely. This manuscript delves into the second phase of the STORMS pilot feasibility study, elucidating the technology employed, the outcomes achieved, and the practical, professional, and academic implications. The STORMS initiative, as the genesis of digital telerehabilitation solutions, aims to enhance the quality of life for multiple sclerosis patients.
Stochastic Differential Games of Carbon Emission Reduction in the Four-Tier Supply Chain System Based on Reference Low-Carbon Level
Authors: Li Lingfei , Wu Jingyu , Zhu Minting , Wang Mancang , Li Yaoyuan
Published: October 2024

This paper takes corporate social responsibility goodwill and consumers’ reference low-carbon level as endogenous variables of joint carbon emission reduction in the “supplier–manufacturer–retailer–consumer” supply chain system. The joint carbon emission reduction strategies of this four-tier system are analyzed from a dynamic perspective by considering random factors that affect the endogenous variables. Three stochastic differential games are proposed to examine the mechanism between each player, namely the cooperative model, Nash non-cooperative model, and Stackelberg master–slave model. Compared to the Nash non-cooperative game, the manufacturer/supplier-led Stackelberg master–slave game leads to Pareto improvement in the profits of the entire supply chain system and each player. The cooperative game demonstrates the highest expected emission reduction and corporate social responsibility goodwill, but also the highest variance. More importantly, the reference low-carbon level embraces consumers’ subjective initiative in the dynamic of carbon emission reduction. This level is an internal benchmark used to compare against the observed low-carbon level. This paper provides a theoretical foundation for strategic decision-making in emission reduction, contributing to sustainable development. By addressing environmental, economic, and social sustainability, it promotes climate action through carbon reduction strategies and offers policy recommendations aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals.
THE METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CAR OPERATION WHEN IMPLEMENTING AN INTELLIGENT MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR SYSTEM
Authors:   Lugansk State University, Zamota Taras Nikolaevich , Zamota Oksana Nikolaevna ,   Lugansk State University, Турушина Елена Викторовна ,   Lugansk State University
Published: October 2024

The paper theoretically developed and experimentally confirmed a method for calculating the car operation economic efficiency Сэф with various strategies for replacing an old car with a new one. It is shown that there are time periods when replacing an old car with a new one is not economically justified. According to the results obtained, the replacement of an old car operated in the Luhansk People's Republic becomes economically feasible only after seven years of operation. To get the maximum Сэф, it will be useful to sell a car at the age of fourteen years. Collecting data on the current operating parameters of the main components and aggregates that affect the economic efficiency of operation, forecasting the dependence of the ownership cost СВА car based on the data obtained, is possible only with the introduction of an intelligent car maintenance system developed by the authors.
METHODS TO IMPROVE THE RELIABILITY OF CITY BUSES
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Podoprigora Nikolay Vladimirovich , Prisyazhnyuk Mikhail Sergeevich ,   St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the renewal of the fleet of city passenger buses in the Russian regions within the framework of the adopted state strategies and programs. It considers the problems of national and economic importance associated with improving the reliability of buses and safety of their operation. The purpose of writing the paper is to publish proposals to improve the reliability of urban route buses. The scientific novelty consists in the formation of the list of requirements to the newly created machines on the basis of the analysis of the experimental operation of the city buses in St. Peters-burg, supplied within the framework of the implementation of the transport reform. The methods of buses reliability improvement at the stage of their design by means of application of traditional mathematical apparatus are proposed.
INCREASINGROADSAFETYAT UNCONTROLLED PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University, Kushchenko Lilia Evgen’evna , Kambur Alina Sergeevna ,   Belgorod State Technological University, Kushchenko Sergey Viktorovich ,   Belgorod State Technological University
Published: October 2024

The regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in the field of road safety is examined in detail. Mortality and accident rates as a result of road accidents were studied depending on the type of road users, broken down by region based on the World Health Organization Report for the past decade. Similar indicators were identified in the Belgorod region. A traffic control system has been developed at uncontrolled pedestrian crossings to reduce mortality and accident rates. Its advantages, principle of operation, as well as elements of the system are listed.
СУТНІСТЬ ТА ЗМІСТ ПРАВ І СВОБОД ЛЮДИНИ У МІЖНАРОДНОМУ КОНТЕКСТІ
Authors: Танько А. В.
Published: October 2024

У статті розглянуто проблему прав і свобод людини та громадянина в Українському та Європейському нормативно-правовому і соціокультурному просторі. Наголошено, що визнання людини найвищою цінністю, поважливе ставлення до її прав і свобод, забезпечення її особистісної гідності, гуманне ставлення до громадянського суспільства в цілому є першоосновою побудови та розвитку демократичної держави. Зазначено, що забезпеченню державою прав і свобод людини та громадянина сприяє їх розробка, ствердження й перегляд у Конституціях та законодавчо-нормативних документах, що підтверджує гуманістичну, демократичну спрямованість розвитку будь-якої держави та є її головним обов’язком. Відзначено, що розвиток дефініції «права і свободи людини» здійснювався поступово, з урахуванням особливостей кожного з етапів розвитку суспільства, починаючи з природніх прав людини до визнання їх найважливішою суспільною цінністю людства. Підкреслено, що на початку XXI ст. відбулися суттєві зміни, що вимагають перегляду, оновлення, вдосконалення, відповідної систематизації категорії прав і свобод людини, нормативного їх упорядкування й систематизації на міжнародному й вітчизняному рівнях. Зазначено, що права людини, передусім, передбачають моральні вимоги до держави, забезпечення їх захисту і розвитку, виконання певних зобов’язань перед суспільством. Акцентовано, що права і свободи людини є правовим стандартом міжнародного співтовариства, якого мають дотримуватись всі народи і держави і що кожна людина отримує певний правовий статус відповідно до міжнародного гуманітарного й національного права, що має глибокий гуманістичний сенс. Резюмовано, що кожна держава, визначаючи сутність та зміст прав і свобод людини, має певні соціальні обмеження, що зумовлюються організацією суспільного устрою. Проаналізовано класифікацію, схарактеризовано складові системи прав і свобод людини, виокремлено природні, позитивні й негативні складники. Розкрито сутність і зміст свобод і прав людини в Конституції України (1996 р.). Зауважено, що в політичній, економічній, соціальній і культурній сферах права і свободи людини та громадянина, як найвища соціальна цінність, є нормативно-змістовою основою гуманістичних, демократичних взаємовідносин між громадянами і державою.
StaffsVerse: Building a Metaverse Campus Utilising the Unreal Editor for Fortnite
Authors: Headleand Christopher , Ward Davin , Hicks Kieran , Butler Stuart , Threlfall Danni , Williams Benjamin
Published: October 2024

In pursuit of redefining the conventional campus introductory experience, this paper presents the development and implementation of the StaffsVerse project - a virtual campus immersion tool.  Designed as a Metaverse representation, the StaffsVerse project intends to transform the physical campus of Staffordshire University into an interactive digital environment.  Its purpose extends to serving as a versatile tool for remote education delivery, virtual campus tours, public science outreach, and facilitating a seamless transition for students into the university community.  Through immersive digital engagement, the StaffsVerse project seeks to bridge the gap between remote learners and the campus environment while facilitating a smooth integration into academic and social aspects of university life. In contrast to previous implementations of virtual campuses, the StaffsVerse project is unique in leveraging the capabilities of Unreal Editor in Fortnite (UEFN).  This approach enables the development of highly detailed, interactive, and engaging environments within the expansive Fortnite ecosystem.  The project's primary objective is to harness the infrastructure and extensive user base of one of the world's most widely played multi-platform games, thereby ensuring a low barrier to access.  Therefore, this paper will explore how the UEFN system's adaptability can effectively create an accurate virtual replica of the physical Staffordshire University campus. The key contribution of this paper includes an overview of the design and developmental journey of the StaffsVerse project.  The evolution of the project will be outlined by discussing the two pivotal iterations of the game-based implementation and explaining the decision-making process that led to the resulting version.  The examination extends to the unique features of the UEFN build, addressing the inherent challenges and opportunities specific to the platform.  Furthermore, specific game-based decisions are discussed, such as replicating essential campus locations, integrating interactive features, and incorporating elements unique to the virtual environment. The paper will discuss the specific educational opportunities UEFN offers, including the potential for enhancing student engagement through gamified campus experiences, insights into creating a Metaverse university campus, and contributions to the growing discourse on the intersection of game-based virtual environments in learning.
Examining the Efficacy of a Physical Board Game for Geometric Transformations
Authors: Tsui Ming Yan , Ng Oi Lam , Lee Yeuk Pan
Published: October 2024

A group of Hong Kong secondary school mathematics teachers collaborated on the creation of a physical board game, “War of Transformation”, specifically designed to aid Hong Kong Secondary 1 students in applying transformation (i.e. translation, reflection, and rotation) of 2D figures, a topic in the local mathematics curriculum. The objective of the study was to delve into the game design and player experience from the viewpoint of the students as indicators of the effectiveness of the board game, comparing these elements across different abilities. A mixed-method design was adopted, from which data was gathered utilizing questionnaires and a focus group. The study involved a total of 102 junior form students secondary school students from three districts in Hong Kong, with a selected group of five students and three school teachers participating in interviews. The questions for the questionnaire and interviews were derived from the Model for the Evaluation of Educational Games. Quantitative data were used to provide an overview of student experiences, while qualitative data from the interviews provided further insights of the results. The findings revealed that students valued the game’s design and had a positive gaming experience, comparing these elements across different abilities The design of the board and the use of online teaching aids were found to significantly enhance gameplay and learning. This study highlights the potential of thoughtfully designed game-based learning in fostering effective and engaging learning experiences.
Financial Literacy and Retirement Readiness:A Case Study of the Namibian Police Services
Authors: Haufiku Jeannette , Mtetwa Edmos , Javangwe Gwatirera
Published: October 2024

Retirement preparedness is a priceless process during one’s tenure of employment because no individual can continue working during his or her lifetime. However, the low levels of financial literacy among retired Namibian police officers compromises sound retirement planning. Financial stress upon retirement is particularly problematic for police officers in Namibia, and this study examined the nexus between financial literacy and retirement planning. The research was qualitative, allowing for an in-depth exploration of the personal experiences and challenges faced by retirees. There were interviews with 26 participants, purposively selected from retired Namibian police officers. In addition, five key informants in the human resources department of the Namibian Police services then corroborated information collected. Purposive-sampling enabled the research to target individuals with direct experience of retirement from the Namibian Police Service. Thematic analysis indicated that upon retirement, police officers found themselves in dire poverty, with no sustainable income sources. The process of determining pension amounts was opaque resulting in the police officers failing to determine the income gap they would face after retirement. There were no financial literacy training programmes for the police officers resulting in their failure to make sound investments during employment period. Therefore, the study recommended that the Namibian Police Services should implement financial literacy programmes, encourage officers to make sound investment decisions, and ensure that retirement becomes an attractive part of one’s lifetime
EFFECT OF DRYING SPEED ON THE DESATURATION OF SWELLING ROCK
Authors: Kavur Boris , Jug Jasmin , Vrkljan Ivan
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of a numerical study of the influence of drying speed and hydraulic conductivity of swelling rock on the development of the desaturated zone. Swelling rock refers to natural material in which montmorillonite is the predominant type of mineral. Previous tests have unequivocally shown that a fully saturated swelling rock with a high swelling potential will not swell when wetted with water of the same chemical composition as the pore water. The swelling potential can be activated only after the desaturation of the swelling rock. The geohazard of swelling of such materials represents a very serious problem. The behavior of swelling rock is modeled as a combined hydraulic-mechanical process that includes vertical one-dimensional water flow in saturated and unsaturated conditions, with a change in the volume due to a change in the water content. As part of previously conducted laboratory research, a model of swelling was developed, which realistically represents the behavior of swelling material at the level of laboratory samples. With the developed model, it is possible to forecast the changes in moisture content that will occur during drying at the depth of the desaturated zone. Numerical simulations have clearly shown that the depth of the desaturated zone depends on the drying speed, that is, that significant depths of the desaturated zones can only be realized at low and long-term drying speeds. With the increase in the hydraulic conductivity of the swelling rock, the depth of the desaturated zone increases, and the time required for the development of such a zone increases to the same extent.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT DIRECTIVES AND STRATEGIES IN TEH EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Buhavac Biljana , Šuvalija Suvada
Published: October 2024

The paper provides an overview of legal regulations, that is, directives and strategies related to new approaches to stormwater management. The goals, recommendations and guidelines for the implementation/application of new approaches are also listed in order to reduce and mitigate the negative consequences of increasingly frequent urban floods. The development of green infrastructure and solutions related to it are emphasized with the aim of reducing rainfall floods in urban areas and mitigating their consequences. Previous examples from practice in the European Union have shown that for the implementation of green infrastructure in urban areas, it is necessary to have appropriate legal regulations as a basis. In the Canton of Sarajevo and the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in order to establish new approaches to stormwater management, it is necessary to monitor and harmonize laws and regulations with the Directives and Strategies of the European Union with the ultimate goal of protecting the environment and improving the quality of life and living conditions. This presupposes a contribution to sustainable social economic and environmental improvement.
CATALOG OF LANDSLIDES OF THE CITY OF ZENICE WITH SPECIFIC CAUSES
Authors: Nikolić Toni , Arnaut Saudin
Published: October 2024

As part of its activities, the Federal Institute of Geology carries out mapping of active landslides in the territory of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and my task is to map instability in the area of the City of Zenica. A very large number of landslides were registered during the catastrophic rainfall that occurred in 2014. Following these phenomena and certain records, detailed mapping of unstable slopes and records of unstable surfaces was started. The cadastre is defined in such a way that it displays all input data with location polygons in GIS.
Not in the field, quite recognizable causes were observed, which are always a combination of bad geological and hydrogeological conditions with a significant anthropogenic factor. The slope of the terrain is also very unfavourable, and gravity also played a significant role in the instability of these slopes. Almost all registered landslides have unregulated water (surface, underground, waste). The frequent occurrence of earthquakes on this section also significantly threatened the stability of slopes and buildings, and on the spot, the consequences of cracking and shearing of buildings were evident as a result of the earthquake.
A special review will be given to the activation of mudflows during extensive rainfall in this area, which is not rare. A significant share in the formation of mudflows belongs to heavy precipitation, which over time formed the so-called "watersheds" where water was transported from higher to lower parts of the slope. However, during the climate changes, there was a significant increase in the amount and frequency of precipitation, which carried the surface cover and rock blocks that were moved down the steep slopes. Road approaches to the villages, as well as a significant number of buildings, made artificial dams and cut cuts that were a natural way of draining water. So you have a significant number of buildings built exactly on these "watersheds" that represent the dam.
In the newly created situation, by changing the natural paths of movement of surface and underground water, it would be necessary to regulate the water below and around the road strip, as well as the drainage of water around buildings. Only after the water has been drained, certain geotechnical procedures can be carried out to stabilize the slope and to permanently rehabilitate it, so that the inhabitants of these villages do not constantly fear during rainfall.
A NOVEL WAY TO CLASSIFY THE SLAKE DURABILITY INDEX OF ROCKS
Authors: Ersöz Timur , Pehlivan Büşra , Topal Tamer
Published: October 2024

Slaking, the disintegration of rocks upon exposure to moisture and air, poses significant challenges in engineering applications, such as in slope stability and embankment design. This study improves the slake durability index test by introducing several enhancements to better reflect the field conditions of rocks. A new test methodology is developed which includes a revised slake durability classification table, a novel Discard Method for calculating weight retention in the test drum, and an updated classification chart. The improved methodology considers parameters such as porosity and strength, evaluated through index, Schmidt hammer rebound and point load tests. The new classification table categorizes rocks into durability classes according to the field observations and laboratory test results. The Discard Method improves accuracy by eliminating broken pieces from the durability calculation, addressing the limitations in the suggested method. A Configured Discard Method equation further defines the durability estimation by combining porosity, strength and slake durability data. Field investigations and laboratory tests conducted with various rock types demonstrate that the new classification system provides more accurate and practical assessments of rock durability. This study highlights the importance of effective porosity and strength impact which enhance the reliability of slake durability evaluations, offering a revised classification framework that simplifies field assessments while maintaining the accuracy. Future research should focus on developing these methods and expanding their applicability to diverse geological contexts by including more material to test.
DOGMATISM IN THE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING REGULATION
Authors: Ivandić Krešo , Dodigović Filip
Published: October 2024

This paper provides a comparative overview of technical regulations related to the field of geotechnical engineering – old regulations before Eurocodes, existing and new Eurocode 7. An analysis is carried out related to the degree of standardization of regulations, i.e. the existence of uncritical trust in legally normed and prescribed procedures and rules. The importance of the capacity to carry out critical engineering assessment in solving everyday engineering tasks is argued.
Melanoma primario pulmonar - manifestación de mucosa poco usual
Authors: Quiroga Echeverri Alicia , Ribero Vargas Marcel Enrique , Varela Aguirre Gabriel Jaime , Ospina Arango Juan Camilo , Echeverri Vargas Nicolás
Published: October 2024

Hasta el año 2020, solo se han reportado 76 casos de melanoma primario pulmonar en el mundo, por lo que se conoce poco sobre las características clínicas y de imagen de este subtipo de melanoma primario maligno, al igual que el tratamiento óptimo que debe brindarse.
En este reporte de caso se describe la evolución de un paciente joven con antecedente de vitiligo, quien debutó con hemoptisis y a quien, posteriormente, se le confirmó un melanoma primario pulmonar metastásico como diagnóstico de descarte. Como tratamiento recibió inmunoterapia paliativa dual, logrando una excelente respuesta sintomática y paraclínica, la cual mantiene a la fecha.
METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF LED PARAMETERS LIGHTING IN LIVESTOCK ROOMS
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Loshkarev Igor Yurievich , Shirobokova Tatyana Aleksandrovna ,   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Logacheva Oksana Vladimirovna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Ivankina Yulia Viktorovna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

In connection with the massive transition to energy-efficient equipment in livestock and industrial premises of the agro-industrial complex, in order to save electricity, the creation and development of modern science-based LED lighting devices is one of the urgent problems of technological lighting. A properly organized lighting system allows you to influence the age of puberty, provide an optimal mode for the development of animals, and increase productivity. The article presents a calculation method and algorithm on the basis of which a program for calculating the main design parameters of an LED lighting device for livestock buildings has been developed. in livestock buildings. The developed program and the algorithm of the program operation make it possible to calculate and evaluate the design parameters of the LED lighting device, which ensures a uniform distribution of illumination with minimal electricity consumption in livestock buildings. Evaluation of the quality of illumination is carried out according to the contributions of three lamps arranged linearly. Calculation and selection of parameters of LED lighting devices is represented by a function depending on the smallest deviation of the value of the maximum value of illumination and illumination unevenness from their normalized values. The variable parameters are the distance between the lamps, the height of the lamp suspension, the distance from the edge of the lamp to the first LEDs of the lines, the angle between the inclined part of the lamp and its upper surface, the length of the inclined part of the lamp, the angle that sets the position of the first line on the lamp, the number of LEDs on the i-th line . To simplify the calculations, a program has been developed based on the proposed application of the method of the mathematical apparatus of a genetic algorithm with real coding used to solve problems of finding the minimum of a function. and imitating the properties of biological systems. The developed technique makes it possible to determine the parameters of an LED lighting device that provides normalized illumination on a horizontal working surface with minimal power consumption, which makes it possible to evaluate the distribution of the luminous flux, taking into account the configuration and geometry of the LED lighting device. The technique can be adapted to evaluate the effectiveness of the application both in the lighting system of livestock, poultry and crop premises with a linear longitudinal lighting system.
THE ROLE OF THE PATHOLOGY OF CHILDBIRTH IN THE MECHANISM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF METRITIS OF INFECTIOUS ETIOLOGY IN COWS AND A DECREASE IN THE SANITARY QUALITY OF MILK
Authors:   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Loshchinin Sergey Olegovich , Filatova Alyona Vladimirovna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Akhmadov Vakhit Tapaevich ,   Chechen State University named after A. A. Kadyrov
Published: October 2024

. It has been established that the development of metritis in cows after delivery as a result of abortion, dystocia, stillbirth, caesarean section, uterine inversion or retention of the afterbirth is accompanied by an increased microbial and fungal background of the uterus, in their symbiotic relationship. In cows without delivery assistance during childbirth, only from the 5th...9th day after delivery, 35.37% of cows had genitals contaminated with various non-pathogenic microflora. Already on the 3rd day after calving, bacteria were isolated from cows that were contaminated with pathogenic microflora S. aureus in 15.5% of cases, E. coli in 37%, K. pneumonia - 12% and S. pyogenes in 10% of cases in 74.5% of cases. The results of mycological studies revealed that A. fumigatus, C. albicans and C. crusei were isolated from cows as a result of childbirth. It was found that in cows with metritis in the milk of sick cows, the following were significantly changed, with a high degree of correlation: the content of somatic cells (CK) r= 0.63, lactoperoxidase (LPO) r=0.65 and lactoferin (LF) r= 0.66. Milk obtained from cows with metritis showed 2 times higher total bacterial contamination than milk obtained from clinically healthy animals. At the same time, it has a reduced number of lactic acid organisms. The materials of the current work should be taken into account when receiving milk from cows suffering from metritis, as an opportunity to predict the suitability of the milk obtained for technological processing.
FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEER ANTLERS (CERVUS ELAPHUS XANTHOPYGOS MILNE-EDWARDS, 1860), PRIMORSKY TERRITORY
Authors:   State Natural Biosphere Reserve “Khankaisky”, Tsyndizhapova Svetlana Dmitrievna , Rozlomy Natalya Gennadievna ,   Institute of Forestry and Forest Park Management, Repsh Natalya Viktorovna ,   Primorsky State Agricultural Academy, Kolyada Alexander Stepanovich ,   Primorsky State Agricultural Academy
Published: October 2024

Red deer (Cervus elaphus xanthopygos Milne-Edwards, 1860) is a native subspecies of the red deer, the most common representative of the fauna of coniferous-deciduous forests in the south of the Far East, which inhabits here mainly low and middle mountains. The purpose of the study is to study the features of morphology and development of velvet antlers in male deer of different ages in the population of the Chuguevsky district of Primorsky Krai. Red deer is a very promising species of ungulates for intensive hunting, so the need to study the morphological features of the growth and development of horns in red deer in Primorsky Krai is undeniable. The studies were carried out in the Chuguevsky district, 5 camera traps were used, installed on the territory of solonetzes, the age of males was determined by morphological features. In total, more than 600 photolocations of red deer were studied during April-July 2021, the material obtained made it possible to identify with great certainty the main patterns of growth and development of antlers in red deer in the study area. All recorded animals were divided into 9 age groups. There was a fixation of visits to solonetzes by individuals of each group at different times of the day and in different periods of the summer months. The article presents the results of the work on identifying the developmental features of antlers in male red deer of different ages and at different maturation periods, obtained by studying photolocations from camera traps installed on natural ones in solonetz areas. It was found that by the end of July, in most adult males, the horns had completely grown and ossified, with the exception of the upper ends, which were still velvety and quite soft.
ASSESSMENT OF ADAPTABILITY TO EX SITU CONDITIONS OF 25 WOODY SUBTROPICAL PLANTS
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after academician S. P. Korolev, Parfenova Evgeniya Aleksandrovna , Yankov Nikolay Viktorovich ,   Samara National Research University named after academician S. P. Korolev
Published: October 2024

The article discusses morpho-functional features of 25 species of woody subtropical plants (Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret, Myrtus communis L., Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack , Coussapoa microcarpa (Schott) Rizzini, Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold, Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet, Podocarpus salicifolius Klotzsch & H.Karst. ex Endl., Phyllanthus juglandifolius Willd., Nandina domestica Thunb., Asparagus falcatus L., Ficus pumila L., Ficus cyathistipula Warb., Ficus binnendijkii Miq., Ficus retusa L., Ficus sagittata Vahl, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl, Laurus nobilis L., Olea europaea L., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Ceratonia siliqua L., Tamarindus indica L., Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) W.T.Aiton, Camellia japonica L., Magnolia obovata Thunb., Hibiscus sinensis Mill.) growing in the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden of Samara University. To assess the adaptability of the species, the following parameters are used: the reflectivity of the leaves (upper and lower sides), the thickness of the leaf blade, the specific area of the leaves (SLA), the content of caratinoids and chlorophylls (a, b). The collection of leaf material was carried out during two growing seasons. The analysis of the parameters takes into account climatic factors, such as average monthly temperatures, air humidity, illumination. In the species studied by us, the values of the specific leaf area index range from 58 to 363 sq.cm / g, the thickness of the leaf blade from 100 to 305 microns. During the analysis, a correlation (average conjugacy) was established for the studied species the thickness of the leaf blade with the reflection of the leaf blade (R=0.65) and the content of photosynthetic pigments hl.a (R= -0.79) and carotenoids (R= -0.59), illumination (R=0.43).