bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study of Personalized Intelligent Cooperative Teaching Service System Based on Grid
Authors: Liu San Jun , Zhang Yan Feng
Published: June 2012

By studying the theory and method of the Grid Services and analyzing the drawbacks of the traditional teaching system, the article presents a personalized intelligent cooperative teaching service system based on grid. Simultaneously, it makes use of the grid technology to detailed design the teaching service engine. The engine is the core component of the system, it break down and mix of the distributed teaching service sources to provide the advantage of free the usual limitation of space and regions and can work at any time and at any place. The prototype PSPTS software system is developed which can provide useful reference and experiences for institutions or the relevant researches of the enterprise professional training system.
Low-Temperature Synthesis and Characterization of Single-Phase BiFeO3 Nano-Crystallites
Authors: Guo Hui Fen , Guo Shu Xia , Li Li Ben
Published: June 2012

Single-phase BiFeO3 (BFO) nano-crystallites were successfully synthesized in the temperature range of 500  750 oC by a simple diluted HNO3 sol method. During the crystallization process no intermediate phases were observed. As an example, we studied the electronic structure and thermodynamic stability of the BFO nano-crystallites calcined at 750 oC by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The XPS showed that the oxidation state of Fe is Fe3+. The DSC indicated a novel exothermic peak at about 769 oC during cooling, which might be due to Bi2Fe4O9 or some other phases produced in the decomposition of BFO at high temperature.
Sintering Temperature Establishment of Quartz Sand Heat Insulating Porous Materials
Authors: Song Jie Guang , Wang Fang , Li Wen Bin , Wang Zhi Wen , Ma Xiao Dong , Cao Guang Hua , Li Qiang , Li Wei , Zhang Jun , Liu Yong Hua
Published: June 2012

The sintering temperature of the quartz sand heat insulating materials were researched thtough the differential analysis of the mixture in this paper. The conclusion show the density of the quartz sand heat insulating brick is increased with increasing sintering temperature, but the porosity of the quartz sand heat insulating materials is opposite discipline curve. The outside shape of the brick body is regular at 1100°C, however, the outside shape of the brick body is irregular at 1150°C, but the porosity of the quartz sand heat insulating materials at 1130°C is lower than that of the quartz sand heat insulating materials at 1100°C. The sintering temperature is higher, the more energy will be consumed. So the better sintering temperature of the quartz sand heat insulating materials is decided at 1100°C through analyzing the performance price ratio of the quartz sand heat insulating materials.
Wear Morphology and Mechanism Analysis of Plasma Spraying Nanometer Al2O3-13%wtTiO2 Coating Material
Authors: Cheng Zhi Fang , Wang Fu Chi , Ma Zhuang
Published: June 2012

Nanometer Al2O3-13%wtTiO2 wear-resistant coating was prepared by The plasma spraying process , and the coating was tested through a SRV friction and wear testing machine, the worn surface and wear debris were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the wear mechanism was analyzed. The friction coefficient of Nanometer Al2O3-13%wtTiO2 decreases with the increase of the load. The main wear mechanism is adhesive wear, accompanied by a small amount of abrasive wear.
Synthesis and Properties of a New Photochromic Material Based on Isoxazole Unit for Optical Storage Recording
Authors: Wang Tao Feng , Yang Yan Hua , Cui Shi Qiang , Liu Gang
Published: June 2012

A novel photochromic diarylethene compound containing isoxazole unit, 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-hydroxymethyl-3-thienyl]perfluoroyclopentene have been synthesized. Its photochromic, fluorescent and optical storage properties were investigated. The compound exhibited remarkable photochromism both in solution and in PMMA film. In addition, the open-ring isomer of the diarylethene 1a exhibited relatively clear fluorescent switches in hexane solution and PMMA film when excited at 300 nm. This new photochromic system also exhibited remarkable optical storage character
Study of Rapid Synthesis on LiFePO4B and LiFePO4B/C by Molten Salt Method and its Electrochemical Properties as Cathode Material
Authors: Gu Ning Yu , He Xing Hua , Li Chao
Published: June 2012

The LiFePOB4B and LiFePOB4B/C cathode materials were rapidly synthesized by molten salt method, where a KCl-MgClB2B eutectic salt was used as reaction media of the formation of LiFePOB4B and a relatively low synthesis temperature was adopted. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of both samples were identified to orthorhombic olivine LiFePOB4B without obvious impurities. The LiFePOB4B was observed to micron-sized cuboid structure and the LiFePOB4B/C with nano-carbon layers had particle size distribution from nanometers to 3 μm by morphological characterization. The electrochemical results showed that the LiFePOB4B/C deliverd a larger discharge capacity than the LiFePOB4B did due to the conductive carbon improving the electrchemical activities of the materials and providing a high LiP+P transfer kinetics.
Advanced Landfill Leachate Treatment Using the Tubular Membrane Bio-Electro Reactor
Authors: Liu En Hua , Yang Li , Xu He Ying
Published: June 2012

The paper studied advanced landfill leachate treatment with tubular membrane bio-electro reactor. The results showed that the tubular membrane flux be stability, COD of effluent be 350～650 mg L-1, while COD of feed water is 500～800 mgL-1, and the removal of COD reached 25%～45%.
Germanium Doping and Impurities Analysis on Industrial Scale Mc-Silicon Ingot
Authors: Li Shuai , Wu Peng , Zhao Bai Tong , Gao Wen Xiu
Published: June 2012

With mc-silicon (multi-crystalline silicon) being the most favorable feedstock for solar cell, germanium was reported to be a promising dopant to improve the quality of silicon crystal growth. In this paper, we investigated the feasibility of germanium doping for industrial scale production. A homogeneously distribution of germanium across usable section is presented, and subsequently we optimized our recipe for better controlling it. Sopori etched pits were utilized to reveal dislocations in silicon wafers, and we found a reduced dislocations density in germanium doped samples. Carbon and oxygen are two inevitable significant impurities during silicon ingot casting. In this paper, experimental results showed the impact of carbon on minority charge carrier lifetime and on interstitial oxygen. In addition, Isostatic pressing method is proved to be very prospective for recycling quartz crucibles.
Research on the Mathematical Model of the Plastic Profile Cooling Analysis
Authors: Huang Xiang Shan , Chen Li Dan
Published: June 2012

According to the assumption of the plastic profile cooling analysis, Prandtl number Pr and Reynolds number Re can be derived from the fluid parameters. The paper judge and analyze the movement of flow state, further study the formula of heat transfer coefficient α, thermal analysis and boundary conditions in Reynolds number Re. The experimental results show mathematical model, which provides a theoretical basis for the cooling and forming of function blocks, it has certain guiding significance.
Effect of Preparation Conditions on the Performance of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Films
Authors: Liu Xiao Zhen , Yang Jun Hua , Wang Gang , Song Ling Ling , Zhuang Ge Shi
Published: June 2012

Neodymium salt was used as additives in preparing anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films to improve its performance. AAO films were prepared by anodization method from a 15 vol. % sulphuric acid solution containing neodymium salt. The effects of anodization voltage, anodization temperature and anodization time on microhardness and thickness of AAO films were researched, respectively. The thickness of AAO film increases with the increase of anodization voltage, the microhardness of AAO film decreases with the increase of anodization voltage in 19 V～23 V. The thickness of AAO film increases with the increase of anodization temperature, the microhardness of AAO film decreases with the increase of anodization temperature in 11 °C～19°C. The thickness of AAO film increases with the increase of anodization time, the microhardness of AAO film decreases with the increase of anodization time in 30 min～3 h. When the anodizing parameters: anodization voltage: 22 V, temperature: 15°C, anodization time: 2 h, the thickness and microhardness of AAO film is as high as 135μm and 305.4 HV.
Photochromism Material of New Unsymmetrical Isomeric Diarylethenes Bearing a Thiophene and Pyridine Unit
Authors: Liu Ming , Liu Gang , Cui Shi Qiang
Published: June 2012

A new photochromic diarylethene compound, 1-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thiophene)-2-[5-(4-pyridine)-2-methyl-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene(1a) was synthesized. its photochromic and fluorescent properties have been investigated in detail. The results of the research showed that it has shown good photochromic behavior and fluorescence switch in solution and PMMA film. Finally, photo-mode rewritable optical storage using 1b was performed. The images demonstrated that the compound can be used as optical storage material
Photochromism and Fluorescence of a Novel Unsymmetrical Diarylethene Material Bearing Benzene and Thiophene Ring
Authors: Jing Shu Hong , Pu Shou Zhi , Li Hui
Published: June 2012

A new photochromic diarylethene compound, 1-[2-methyl-(5-(4- dioxolane) phenyl)-3-thienyl]-2-(2-methyl-3-benzothiophene)perfluorocyclopentene (1o)was synthesized. Its properties, including photochromism and fluorescence were investigated in detail both in solution and PMMA amorphous film. It underwent reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible light in hexane. The compound showed good phtochromism both in solution and in solid states. Diarylethene 1o changed the color from colorless to purple upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 539 nm in hexane and at 547nm in PMMA film, respectively. Using diarylethene 1c/PMMA film as recording medium, optical recording was performed successfully. This new photochromic system also exhibited remarkable optical storage character
Recovery of Precious Metal Material Ni from Nickel Containing Wastewater Using Electrolysis
Authors: Jin Rui Jie , Peng Chang Sheng , Abou-Shady Ahmed , Zhang Ke Dong
Published: June 2012

The recovery of Ni2+ from nickel containing solution is a worthwhile work, owing to its precious value. In the present work, the optimal values of electrolysis (EL) operating parameters were elaborately investigated using Taguchi approach. The effect of Ni2+ initial concentration, boric acid, pH, and voltage were investigated in terms of nickel recovery and energy consumption. The results obtained showed that the influential factors on nickel recovery were voltage > boric acid > pH > concentration. However, in terms of energy consumption the following order of concentration > boric acid > pH > voltage was obtained. A confirmation experiment was carried out with the optimized parameters (boric acid 18g/L, nickel concentration 1000 mg/L, voltage applied 4.0 V, and pH 4). The recovery of Ni2+ yielded about 88%, and the outlet Ni2+ was as low as 119 mg/L. The electrolysis dynamic mode was investagated with flow rate 20 mL/min. The results showed that the outlet nickel concentration was 350 mg/L equal to 65% of Ni2+ recovery and energy consumption of 25.7 kW h/kg. Electrolysis could effectively recover nickel, however the Ni2+ concentration of the residual electrolyte was much higher than the restriction of 1 mg/L, so we used electrodialysis to further treat the residual electrolyte and the nickel concentration has been reduced below 1 mg/L , which will be discussed in other paper.
The Effects of the Self-Assembly Time on the Preparation of Lanthanum-Based Thin Films on Sulfonated 3-Mercaptopropyl Trimethoxysilane
Authors: Bai Tao , Cheng Xian Hua
Published: June 2012

Lanthanum-based thin films are deposited on the oxidized 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane self-assembled monolayer (MPTS-SAM) based on the chemisorption of the sulfonic group. The surface energy, chemical composition, phase transformation and surface morphology of the films are analyzed by using contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results indicate that the lanthanum-based thin films are absorbed on oxidized MPTS-SAM and lanthanum element with different oxidation states exists in the thin films deposited on the surface of self-assembly monolayers. The content of lanthanum on the oxidized MPTS-SAM increases with the extension of the assembly time and the rare earth reached saturation when the time was 6h.
The Study on Carbon Emission Influencing Factors of Industrial Energy Consumption of Changchun City
Authors: Ma Zhuo , He Xiao Gang , Tong Xun Zhou , Duan Hai Yan , Wang Xian En , Dong De Ming
Published: June 2012

To make great efforts for energy saving and promote low-carbon transition of industrial development pattern have been the most crucial tasks for Changchun industrial developmen. Using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) mode decomposes the carbon emission influencing factors of the industrial department in Changchun, and study on the effects of factors on the carbon emissions of industrial energy consumption. The result shows that the major factors for carbon emissions of industrial energy consumption in Changchun are economic development, the population size and the industrialization rate, and the key factors for the carbon emission changes in industrial department of Changchun are the energy consumption structure and the energy intensity.
Analysis of Flanges Mechanics and Sealing on Horizontal Pipes Connector in Deep Sea
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Li Yan Jie , Zhang Bo , Zhang Wei , Liu Feng Kun
Published: June 2012

The mechanism structure of horizontal pipes connector was designed in order to connect two pipes in deep sea. The contact property of mechanics and sealing ring between the two flanges was analyzed, which was used finite element method, and obtained permissible compressive force and displacement of the sealing ring to realize sealing. The result is that the metal sealing ring allows the largest compression displacement of the metal sealing ring is 2 mm. It is accurately required to control the displacement of the pistons of hydraulic cylinders that push the flange.
Study on Corrosion Inhibition Performance of PASP Composite on A3 Carbon Steel in Seawater
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Zhan , Liu Zhen Fa
Published: June 2012

The polyaspartic acid (PASP) composite was prepared from PASP , sodium gluconate , zinc sulfate , sodium tungstate and phosphate .The corrosion inhibition performance of PASP composite on A3 carbon steel in seawater was studied by using steady polarization. The results showed that PASP composite had good corrosion inhibition performance in seawater . When the concentration of PASP composite was 300 mg/L , the corrosion inhibition rate reached 79.25% .
Rotating Clamping Device of the Hydraulic Prop Disassemble Machine Based on Hydromechanics
Authors: Jia Yu Jing , Zhang Da Yu , Cheng Guang Zhen , Dai Ying Jun
Published: June 2012

This article introduces a rotating clamping device, using with the disassemblage machine of monomer hydraulic prop. It was used for clamping hydraulic prop, which was mainly comprised by the coupling mechanism, clamping mechanism and compressing mechanism. The coupling mechanism sleeve was bolted to the spindle. Clamping mechanism located at the end of sleeve, working with the spindle rotation. Compressing mechanism hang around the sleeve, not working with the spindle rotation. Compressing mechanism passed the clamping force through the thrust bearing, clamping the hydraulic prop. It was easy to operate. Clamping force is decentralized, the stress in cylinder was even, so the cylinders seldom distort, which reduced the impact, extending the life of the equipment.
Study on Mechanics of Special Materials against Oil Volatility Risk
Authors: Li Tian
Published: June 2012

Crude oil is the most important material for the modern industry, while its volatility risk’s threatening to the industry developments is increasing stronger and stronger. In 2008 and 2009, some Chinese corporations have suffered from huge losses from their earlier hedging operations on crude oil prices. These incidents reflected the shortage of management methods and experiences on risks. In fact, those corporations might hedge their short positions on the crude oil puts by longing the US Treasury Bonds puts so as to avoid the huge losses.
Thermal Study on the Grinding Special-Shaped Surface of Granite Material
Authors: Shi Yan Bin , Huang Bo , Liu De Bao
Published: June 2012

The heat released from grinding process plays a very important role for the machining quality, so studying the temperature distributions on the machined surfaces of granite is necessary. For grasping the influencing factors of temperature, the experimental analysis basing on the infrared imaging method were carried out. The grinding temperatures for two kinds of granite materials (Qilu Red and Jinan Green) are measured. In the results, there are obvious variations of the highest temperatures with different grinding depths, spindle speeds and feed velocities on the machined surfaces. Then, it is suggested that the degree of difficulty is affected by property of granite material to a great extent.
Research of Hydraulic Cylinders Dynamic Characteristic and Synchrocontrol on Horizontal Pipes Connector in Deep Sea
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Li Yan Jie , Zhang Bo , Zhang Wei , Zhang Y.Z.
Published: June 2012

The electro-hydraulic position-servo synchronization system of horizontal pipes connector was designed in order to connect two pipes in deep sea and make sure the journey of synchronization hydro-cylinders in the hydraulic system is less than 2 mm.Its transfer function of symmetric servo controlling oil-cylinder electro-hydraulic servo system were derived . Simulation analysis of its dynamic characteristic was done, and PID controller was applied on the system to regulate two hydraulic cylinder synchronization controls. In the end ,when the proportionality coefficient is Kp=0.55,integral coefficient is Ki=60,differential coefficient is Kd=0,the error of synchronic displacement was less than 0.5 mm, that achieved the request of the control system.
Analysis of 3D Dynamic Response for TC4 Blades by the FEM
Authors: Fang Ying Wu , Li Ying Hong , He Wei Feng
Published: June 2012

TC4 blades are one of the major parts of the aero engine, and the examples of engine invalid and even wrecked are common. In this paper, a 3D analysis system of the vibration behaviors of the TC4 blades is given. The 3D analysis model of blade was described using 20 nodes elements. The finite element procedure was worked out using the blade vibration behaviors analysis of the aero engine. At last, the modal shapes and stress nephograms of the first six frequencies are gotten which influenced the blade vibration characteristics. Results show that the program has offered an effective, flexible research means for analyzing dynamic response of TC4 blades.
Dynamic Model of the Knife Rollers in the Spiral Cutting Machines
Authors: Wang Ling Song , Cheng Ji Li , Wang Dong Ai , Ni Hui Na , Han Yu Chen
Published: June 2012

Nowadays, the spiral cutting machines have been widely used in many areas, such as packaging materials. However, the theoretical researches of that are very rare in academia. On the one hand, the machines’ technological principles are the commercial secrets. On the other hand, developing manufacturing of the machines has no theoretical basis. So, in a word, it’s blank in academia about the spiral cutting machines. In this article, we did quantitative analysis on the part of spiral knife roller and blade, and also set up a modal by describing that in a mathematical way. In addition, we analyzed spiral knife dynamically establishing equations of blade, ground point, roller as well, and finally realized dynamic simulation of the spiral knife by matlab tool. What’s the most special feature of this simulation is that it can do simulations for different parameters. The simulation is convenient for deepening theoretical researches, optimizing parameter selections and being auxiliary tools of design.
Helicid-Loaded Zein Microparticles Prepared Using Electrohydrodynamic Atomization
Authors: Yu Deng Guang , Wang Xia , Liao Yao Zu , Li Ying , Qian Wei , Li Xiao Yan
Published: June 2012

An electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) process was exploited to prepare helicid-loaded zein microparticles. SEM observations showed that all the particles prepared under varied voltages were round and solid with their sizes gradually decreased from 3.4 ± 1.7 to 1.1 ± 0.5 μm as the applied voltages rose from 6 to 18 kV. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyses demonstrated that helicid had been totally converted into an amorphous state in the zein matrix microparticles. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared analysis disclosed that the hydrogen bonding presented between helicid and zein molecules. In vitro dissolution tests verified that the microparticles were able to provide a fine sustained drug release profile. The present study provides an easy way to develop novel biomaterials for drug delivery and for providing sustained drug release profiles.
Enhancing Biological Nutrient Removal from Real Domestic Wastewater by Using Iron Shavings
Authors: Wang Zi , Chen Zhe , Wang Hong Wu , Ma Lu Ming
Published: June 2012

Feasibility of enhancing nutrient removal in municipal sewage plant by using iron shavings in conventional biological treatment reactor was evaluated. Results of 209-days bench-scale test indicate that this method is feasible in practice. Compared to control test, TN and TP removal was increased 8.72 % and 57.83 %, respectively，by adding 400 g iron shavings in 75 L biological reactor. Effluent TP concentration could attain level 1A (0.5 mg L-1) of China's urban sewage treatment plants discharge standards; Total iron concentration in effluent was 0.249 mg L-1 and iron consumption rate was 762.7 mg d-1 during stable period. The enhancing effect of iron shaving on nutrient removal is easy to achieve and low-cost. It is worth investigating in a deep-going way.
Effect of Laser Processing on Electroless Copper Deposition on Modified Plastic
Authors: Peng Xiao , Jiang Kai Yong
Published: June 2012

Copper was selectively deposited on modified plastic without the palladium-catalyzed process. Laser direct writing was used to create the selective seeds.The effect of laser processing on the electroless copper deposition was investigated. Thus the morphologies and compositions of the sample before and after laser processing were investigated by means of sanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The relationship between laser pulse frequency , scanning velocity and the topography of the deposited copper lines were also discussed
Hydrogen Blended with Gasoline, Diesel, Natural Gas (NGV) as an Alternative Fuel for ICE in Malaysia
Authors: Razali Halim , Sopian Kamaruzzaman , Ali Baharuddin , Mat Ali Sohif
Published: June 2012

The instability of petroleum prices in the world market has caused the price of fuel in Malaysia to increase, especially in the transportation sector. As an alternative, the transition to use hydrogen as fuel was already in the study and research on the ability of hydrogen profit for internal combustion engine in the technical aspect. The governments involvement in the research as source of energy has been undertaken by several government agencies such as MOSTI, universities and automotive manufacturing industries. These agencies are responsible for developing activities, mainly for commercialization. The development of hydrogen energy in this country focuses on the role of hydrogen that includes methods of generating, transporting, storage, production, and long-term planning. Diversity in the use of hydrogen for Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) can be applied through many ways; hydrogen as the primary fuel, hydrogen mixed with gasoline, hydrogen mixed with diesel, and hydrogen mixed with NGV. Compatibility acceptance of ICE with hydrogen as an alternative energy can solve many technical problems such as backfire, knocking, and the reduction of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke contaminants during engine ignition delay.
MFI Zeolite Membrane from Rice Husk for Biofuels Production
Authors: Jufriadi Bakri , Saputra Hens , Sutjipto Agus Geter E.
Published: June 2012

High silica MFI zeolite membrane was synthesized by hydrothermal method at 313 K on asymetri pore structure alpha alumina substrate, utilizing natural rice husk as the sources of silica. The top layer of substrate was about 0.1 µm. The calcination was conducted at 773 K to remove the organic template. This membrane has a good stability at high temperature and in organic solvent. The membrane structure was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The permeation of some pure gases was carried out to detect pinhole or cracking by studying mass transfer mechanism in the membrane. The pervaporation performance of as-synthesized membrane showed good results. This process was able to produce fuel grade bioethanol (99.2%) with the separation factor about 14.
Mathematical Model of Eco-Driving for Energy Optimization for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Ridzuan Md M. , Alias A. , Rumzi Nik N.I.
Published: June 2012

This is a preliminary research in energy optimization system (ENOS) for Electric Vehicle (EV) whereby eco-driving is one of the solutions. Eco-driving initiative is not only benefit to the environment by optimizing the energy consumption but also enhancing the propulsion performance of Electric Vehicle. The efforts to reduce energy consumption could be achieved directly by studying contributing factors from the propulsion characteristic and the behavior of the vehicle dynamics (longitudinal vehicle dynamics in particular). We derived a single expression to describe energy consumption which could be programmed as the eco-driving algorithm. The expression is started by developing sets of equation of motions of longitudinal vehicle dynamics and relates them with the propulsion behavior that includes the counter-force by the traction torque and battery management system for Electric Vehicle. This mathematical model is established to analyze the energy consumption which shows the parameters that are important in the strategy to acquire the optimal performance and efficiency. This whole effort is part of the strategy to develop algorithm for eco-driving program.
Clean Automotive Technology: Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles (HHVs)
Authors: Bonab Ramin Solouki , Saidur Rahman
Published: June 2012

In order to reducing emission of internal combustion engines and reducing fuel consumption nowadays, human try to discover efficient internal combustion engines and green engines to protect environment. From last years, there were technologies like turbocharger, hybrid electric and different ways of fuel injection into engine and some others that those were effective in that time. By developing technology human need more efficient engine than past. Also, those technologies have some drawbacks so necessity of new technology is sensible. The new technology that developed by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). HHVs are hybrid vehicle that use pressurized fluid instead of electric power as alternative power source along with internal combustion engine. Hybrid hydraulic vehicles consist of two important part high pressure hydraulic fluid vessels called accumulators, and hydraulic drive pump/motors. These types of vehicles do not need batteries that use in electric vehicle and it is one of expensive part of HEVs.
Comparing the Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Performance and Exhaust Emission in a Spark Ignition Fueled with Gasoline and CNG
Authors: Zareei Javad , Yusoff Ali H. , Abdullah Shahrir , Wan Mahmood Wan Mohd Faizal
Published: June 2012

With the concern of the foreseen reduction in fossil fuel resources and stringent environmental constraints, the demand of improving internal combustion (IC) engine efficiency and emissions has become more and more pressing. Hydrogen has been proved to be a promising renewable energy that can be used on IC engines. In this paper an evaluation and assessment of numerical and experimental investigations on performance and exhaust emission with hydrogen added to a spark ignited gasoline engine fuelled with gasoline and natural gas are performed. The experimental results showed that thermal efficiency, combustion performance, NOx emissions improved with the increase of hydrogen addition level. The HC and CO emissions first decrease with the increasing hydrogen enrichment level, but when hydrogen energy fraction exceeds 12.44%, it begins to increase again at idle and stoichiometric conditions. Numerical results showed that there is an increase in engine efficiency only if Maximum Brake Torque (MBT) spark advance is used for each fuel. Moreover, an economic analysis has been carried out to determine the optimum percentage of hydrogen in such blends, showing percent increments by using these fuels about between 10 and 34%.
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Container Geometry Change to Liquid Sloshing
Authors: Mohd Irwan Mohd Azmi , Nordin Mohd Nur Azmi , Mahmud Muhammad Syahrail , Putra Azma , Fudhail Abdul Munir , Zin Mohd Rody Mohamad , Razali Nadlene , Shaharuzaman Mohd Adrinata , Nuri Nur Rashid Mat
Published: June 2012

Liquid sloshing is any motion of free liquid surface inside its container. Sloshing may generate hydrodynamics loads that can be dangerous to structural integrity and stability of moving container. In this study, liquid sloshing in cubical and cylindrical containers with similar characteristic length were investigated. The containers with liquid inside were excited sinusoidally by using an electrodynamics shaker while the free liquid surface level change was captured by using high speed camera. The highest free liquid surface level difference obtained for cylindrical and cubical containers were compared. Results show that cylindrical containers produce less liquid sloshing and thus more suitable to be used for liquid transportation.
Investigation of Energy Absorbed from an Instrumented Charpy Impact on Automotive Specimens
Authors: Ali M. B. , Abdullah S. , Nuawi Mohd Zaki , Ariffin Ahmad Kamal
Published: June 2012

This paper presents the analysis of energy absorbed that produced from an instrumented charpy impact in order to evaluate the toughness of materials. Alloy rims made from aluminium 6061-T6 are easily damage, fracture and can even destroy after impact loading compared to the steel rim. For this reason, an idea was initiated to determine the strain signal pattern and strain energy for evaluting the toughness of materials. Strain gauges were experimentally connected to the data acquisition system and it was then attached to the charpy striker for the impact signal collection. Specimens of aluminium alloy of 6061-T6 and carbon steel 1050 were used and its were designed according to the ASTM E23 standard. In this work, the signal was converted from the time domain to the frequency domain using the power spectrum density (PSD) method and the area under its graph was then used to calculate strain energy. The comparison between absorbed energy and strain energy was performed based on different materials and thicknesses. It was found the effect of the strain signal pattern with different materials and thicknesses to be influnced the strain energy.
Modelling, Simulation and Validation of 9 DOF Vehicles Model for Automatic Steering System
Authors: Nasir Mohd Zakaria Mohammad , Hudha Khisbullah , Amir Mohd Zubir , Kadir Faizul Akmar Abdul
Published: June 2012

Autonomous vehicle have recently arouse great interest and attention in the academic worldwide because of their great potential. As the new features for driver assistance and active safety systems are growing rapidly in vehicles, the simulation within a virtual environment has become a necessity. A vehicle model is required to represent the vehicle behaviour as close as real vehicle in simulation software. This paper presents 9 DOF vehicle models which consist of handling and Calspan tire model develop in Matlab Simulink environment to study the vehicle behaviour for double lane change (DLC) and step steer input test. Those criteria will be compared with validated vehicle software namely CarsimEd to evaluated the performance of the vehicle model involving lateral acceleration, yaw angle and yaw rate from both output. Results show the 9 DOF vehicle closely follows the CarsimEd trends with acceptable error at both conditions.
Vibration Analysis of Blocked Circular Pipe Flow
Authors: Lile N. Liyana Tajul , Hadi Hasnul , Roslan M.R.
Published: June 2012

Pipes are found in almost all buildings and constructions where they are used to convey fluid to a desired location. Liquid containing foreign objects and impurities will sometimes creates unintentional built up or clog obstruction along the interior surface of the pipeline. This phenomenon may affect the fluid flow within the pipe. This work analyzed the impact of different blockage sizes inside a clear Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) circular pipe using vibration measurement. Observations were made on the fluid flow patterns during the flow. This work encompasses the correlation between blockage thickness inside a circular pipe and vibration parameters.
Design and Development of UTeM Perodua Eco-Challenge Vehicle
Authors: Alfaiz M.A. Ammar , Zahir M.H. Muhammad , Musthafah M. Tahir , Herdy R. , Shaharuzaman Mohd Adrinata , Mansor Muhd Ridzuan
Published: June 2012

This paper presents the design and development of the UTeM Perodua Eco-Challenge vehicle. The aim of the project was to develop a new generation of fuel efficient car which able to travel the longest distance using 0.5 liter of RON95 fuel. The eco-car was designed as a single seat rear wheel drive vehicle powered by a 660cc fuel injection engine with manual 5-speed transmission and weighs of 355 kg with 30:70 load distribution. The key design features of the fuel efficient car were also discussed in this paper such as space frame chassis design, braking system, composite bodywork and suspension system. Modifications on the engine were also discussed such as engine management to further increase the vehicle fuel efficiency.
Automotive Ecosystem in Malaysia – A Conceptual Model to Explain Vehicle Ownership and Car Maintenance Issues
Authors: Jawi Zulhaidi Mohd , Lamin Fauziana , Manap Abdul Rahmat Abdul , Abbas Fuad , Abu Kassim Khairil Anwar , Wong Shaw Voon
Published: June 2012

As a government agency focusing on road safety research, MIROS has regularly involved in policy-making exercises which blend together the great understanding of technical, legislative and social framework. This paper recapped the development of a conceptual model of the Malaysian automotive ecosystem with special reference to car maintenance issues, particularly with regard to one of the NAP measures Gradual phase out of imported used parts and components. The methodology of the study was designed into two focus group discussions (FGD) and extensive literature reviews. Internal FGDs were conducted as the study precursor and external discussions involved other ministries and agencies reps. Extensive literature reviews include journals, proceedings, unpublished reports, as well as web-based sources. A conceptual model of the domestic automotive ecosystem is proposed in this paper together with the discussion on NAP measures and relevant future research within the models framework.
Novel Design of Impact Attenuator for an 'Eco Challenge' Car
Authors: Ghani Amir Radzi Ab , Kasiran Ramlan , Adenan Mohd Shahriman , Mat Mohd Haniff , Nasir Rizal Effendy Mohd , Mohamad Mohd Faizal , Wan Mohamed Wan Ahmad Najmi
Published: June 2012

Thin-walled metallic tubular structures are generally used as impact energy absorber in automotive structures due to their ease of fabrication and installation, high energy absorption capacity and long stroke. However, unlike a normal passenger car where the impact energy can be distributed throughout the whole structure, the impact energy absorbing system of an Eco-Challenge car is confined within a limited space on the front bulkhead. The challenge is to develop an impact attenuator system that can effectively absorb the impact energy within the given space and fulfil the specified rate of deceleration. This new design utilized the standard Aluminium 6063 circular tubes, cut and welded into specific configurations i.e. stacked toroidal tubes with central axial tube sandwiched between two flat plates. Two configurations were investigated; circular and square toroids. Explicit non-linear FEA software was used to determine the impact response i.e. energy absorption, impact force and rate of deceleration. Both configurations showed promising results but the configuration that can be readily fabricated was chosen as the final design.
Impact Performance of Low Carbon Steel Safety Beams for Car Doors
Authors: Lashlem A.A. , Abd Wahab Dzuraidah , Abdullah Shahrum , Che Haron Che Hassan
Published: June 2012

This paper presents impact behaviour and energy absorption response of car door safety beams. Low carbon steel of thickness 2.25 mm, designed into four different shapes of, tube-beam, I-beam and II-beam were used in this experiment to study the effect of impact load on the crash characteristic of the door beams in terms of load bearing and attenuation of energy. The tube-beam is the conventional beam commonly used in cars today. The reason propelling the investigation of other beams is to draw a parallel comparison with the conventional tube beam and possibly obtain an optimised design in terms of impact absorption capability. Masses of impactors used in the impact load simulations were 10 kg, 20 kg, 30 kg, 40 kg and 50 kg at an impact speed of 30 km/h. Analysis were carried out on all samples focusing on energy absorption and deformation characteristics of the beam structures using Pam CrashTM finite element analysis software. Results from this studies indicated that the II-beam design is better than the other beams in terms of the energy absorption and deformation. The proposed II-beam design may be able to prolong the useful life of passenger car door.
Effect of Intake Manifold Angle of Port-Fuel Injection Retrofit-Kit to the Performances of an S.I. Engine
Authors: Hushim Mohd Faisal , Alimin Ahmad Jais , Mansor Mohd Farris
Published: June 2012

Fuelling system is one of the crucial variables that must be focused on, in order to achieve good fuel efficiency and low engine out emissions. Fuel injection system seems a promising technology as a medium to supply suppressed fuel because of its high fuel delivery efficiency, enhanced fuel economy and reduced engine out emission. Port-fuel injection (PFI) system has been used widely on small four-stroke gasoline engine because of its simplicity compared to direct injection (DI) system. In this study, the effects of intake manifold angle of a PFI retrofit-kit to the engine performances and emission characteristics were investigated. Experimental works comprised wide-open throttle with variable dynamometer loads for two different angles: 90° and 150°. From this study, it was observed that 150° was the best angle, which produced high brake power (BP) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and hydrocarbon (HC) emission.
Evaluation of Different Control Policies of Semi-Active MR Fluid Damper of a Quarter-Car Model
Authors: Rahman Mahmudur , Mahbubur Rashid Muhammad , Muthalif Asan G.A. , Kasemi Banna
Published: June 2012

Proportional Integral Derivative and clipped-optimal control strategy controllers are studied to control the response of Quarter-car suspension profile. A Semi-active device is used for this purpose because it carries valuable result which maintains the reliability of passive control methods and includes the advantage of the adjustable parameter characteristics of active systems. Semi-active devices like Magnetorheological fluids dampers are very effective to control vibration, which use MR fluids to produce controllable damping force and provide both the reliability of passive systems and the facility of active control systems with small power supply. The quarter car model is used here can be described as a nonlinear two degrees of freedom system which is subject to excitation from different road profile. For the best possible reduction of vibration in suspension systems, various Magnetorheological damper models are studied which Bouc-wen model, Neuro-fuzzy model and Bingham model. The performances of these models are evaluated to select a best model. The quarter-car model is executed using step input with two most common and effective control algorithm in vehicle suspension control which are linear quadratic regulator control, and Proportional Integral Derivative control algorithm. The main objective of this study is to evaluate performances of these control algorithms.
Design and Development of Simple Control System for Small Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Danardono A.S. , Utama Didi Widya , Kiswanto Gandjar
Published: June 2012

This research describes the scope of design and test a traction controller to combine a 6.54 kW gasoline engine power and 2x48VDC/0.5 kW electrical brushless motors in a serial-parallel type of small hybrid electric vehicle. A central control system was designed to operate the engine which is equipped with continuous variable transmission and electric motor on rear wheel side in order to select the optimal torque in normal driving condition. The battery charging system draws its energy from the engine using two alternators: 80 Watt built-in alternator and 300 Watt additional alternator which is driven using a power take-off unit. To increase the electric charging capacity, the electric motor is able to operate as a generator during acceleration or deceleration condition (regenerative system). The static preliminary testing shows that the electric motor can generate about 38% of nominal motors power at 730 rpm of wheel rotation.
New Concept for Reducing Wire-Harness and Implementing Advanced Facilities for Non-Luxury Vehicles via Application of POF
Authors: Ab-Rahman Mohammad Syuhaimi , Khamene Farshad Nasimi , Guna Hadi
Published: June 2012

In the past decade automotive industries being faced the exponential increase of in-vehicle electronic devices. The hydraulic systems are replaced with sophisticated electronic systems. Market demands for exploiting new in-vehicle technologies such as multimedia systems, internet access, GPS, Mobile communication, internal private network; engine, body and power train intelligent control and monitoring systems are increasing daily. These new needs make the wire-harness as physical pathway for power and data more complex. The amount of different data types transmission in vehicle networking requires higher bandwidth and subsequently applying expensive and advanced equipment. Furthermore functions and facilities lead to raise the number of electronic control units (ECU). The high cost of manufacturing and implementing the previous equipment and systems only can be justified to luxury vehicles high prices. This paper presents a conceptual model of in-vehicle networking which would lead to the appliance of considerable portion of these advanced systems in non-luxury vehicles. In this context, polymer optical fibers (POF) exploited to achieve high speed bandwidth and cost-effective solution to transfer huge amount of data and one ECU to control and manage body/cabin electronic devices. This paper suggests three red, blue and green lights for transferring video/audio, communication data network such as internet/vehicle internal network and body/cabin command lines respectively. Moreover, this concept model claims for reducing wire-harness with integration of command lines into multiplexed POF line.
Steel Pip Corrosion Forecasting Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Ma Guang Yue
Published: June 2012

BP neural network has some shorcomings,such as local extreme. Support vector machine is a novel statistical learning algorithm,which is based on the principle of structural risk minimization. In the paper, support vector machine is used to perform steel pip corrosion forecasting.The collected steel pip corrosion forecasting experimental data are given,among which corrosion deeps from 8ths to 11ths are used to test the proposed prediction model. BP neural network is applied to steel pip corrosion deep forecasting,which is used to compare with support vector machine to show the superiority of support vector machine in steel pip corrosion forecasting.The comparison of the prediction error of steel pip corrosion deep between support vector machine and BP neural network is given. It can be seen that the prediction ability for steel pip corrosion deep of support vector machine is better than that of BP neural network
Analysis of Influence of Raft Stiffness on Tall Building Interaction System
Authors: Sun Xiu Zhu , Wu Liao
Published: June 2012

The raft foundation has been widely applied to tall building, in consideration of the stress state is complex and the stress mechanism is unclear, there are many unreasonable problems while determined the raft thickness at this stage. This paper used the finite element method and the interaction design method, on the basis of analysis of stress and deformation under the condition of different raft thickness, get the raft stress and deformation principle, provides a reference experiences to practical design.
Study on the Crack in Concrete Flange of Outer-Plated Steel-Concrete Continuous Composite Beams
Authors: Chen Li Hua , Jin Qi Liang , Si Haiyu
Published: June 2012

Static load tests were conducted on two reversed-loading simply supported and two continuous outer-plated steel-concrete composite beams to study the formation and development of cracks in such beams under negative bending moment. The test results show that based on the plane section assumption, it is an effective and economical method to calculate the cracking moment of the composite beams assuming a rectangular stress block for concrete in tension zone. Considering the structural features of outer-plated steel-concrete composite beams, the formula for calculating crack width of concrete flange of outer-plated steel-concrete composite beams is discussed and presented, and the calculated values of crack width agree well with the experimental results.
Strength Analysis of the Construction Generated Soil Serving as Filling Material for the Consolidation Piles
Authors: Chen Lan
Published: June 2012

In order to use the construction generated soil to replace high quality sand for consolidation pile filling partially. Soil specimens with different plasticity indexes were prepared. Undrained triaxial compression tests were carried out on the samples for studying the strength property. Experiments show that the prepared soil specimens are satisfied for the condition of internal friction angle bigger than 30° in term of plasticity index smaller than 30.
Analysis of the Fire-Resistance of Suspen Dome Structure
Authors: Zong Zhong Ling , He Yong Fu , Li Shi Ge
Published: June 2012

Based on the mechanical properties of steel cable under the high temperature test results, the mechanical properties, such as yield strength, modulus of elasticity of steel cable and its mechanics model were obtained. Nonlinear numerical analysis method was established based on the time integral effect. Through the analysis of the suspen-dome structure, this paper discusses the characteristics of temperature field distribution, displacement and stress. The results show that: suspen-dome structure has better spatial work performance; the weak area of the structure is at the central, the main reason of large deformation is the reduction of stiffness and strength.