bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pd‐Catalyzed Tandem C—N/C—C Coupling of gem‐Dihalovinyl Systems: A Modular Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Indoles.
Authors: Fang Yuan‐Qing , Lautens Mark
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1‐Pentyl‐3‐phenylacetylindoles, a New Class of Cannabimimetic Indoles.
Authors: Huffman John W. , Szklennik Paul V. , Almond Amanda , Bushell Kristen , Selley Dana E. , He Hengjun , Cassidy Michael P. , Wiley Jenny L. , Martin Billy R.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New and Efficient Synthesis of Bi‐ and Trisubstituted Indazoles.
Authors: Bouissane Latifa , El Kazzouli Said , Leger Jean‐Michel , Jarry Christian , Rakib El Mostapha , Khouili Mostafa , Guillaumet Gerald
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Improved Synthesis of 1‐Methyl‐2‐trichloroacetylimidazole.
Authors: Masiukiewicz Elzbieta , Mrugala Damian , Rzeszotarska Barbara
Published: November 2005

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Imidazo[5,1‐b]thiazol‐3‐ones/thiazin‐4‐ones: Synthesis and Reactivity Investigation for Library Generation.
Authors: Le Bas Marie‐Delphine H. , McKinley Neola F. , Hogan Anne‐Marie L. , O'Shea Donal F.
Published: November 2005

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Synthesis of Formylchromone Derivatives; Inactivators of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B.
Authors: Shrestha Suja , Hwang Su Yeon , Lee Keun‐Hyeung , Cho Hyeongjin
Published: November 2005

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Synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines under Solvent‐Free Conditions Using Zn[(L)proline]2 as Lewis Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Sivamurugan V. , Kumar R. Suresh , Palanichamy M. , Murugesan V.
Published: November 2005

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[5C + 1N] Annulation: A Novel Synthetic Strategy for Functionalized 2,3‐Dihydro‐4‐pyridones.
Authors: Dong Dewen , Bi Xihe , Liu Qun , Cong Fangdi
Published: November 2005

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New HIV‐1 Replication Inhibitors of the Styryquinoline Class Bearing Aroyl/Acyl Groups at the C‐7 Position: Synthesis and Biological Activity.
Authors: Normand‐Bayle Marie , Benard Christophe , Zouhiri Fatima , Mouscadet Jean‐Francois , Leh Herve , Thomas Claire‐Marie , Mbemba Gladys , Desmaele Didier , d'Angelo Jean
Published: November 2005

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Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinolines by 1,5‐Electrocyclization of Non‐Stabilized Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Nyerges Miklos , Pinter Aron , Viranyi Andrea , Blasko Gabor , Toeke Laszlo
Published: November 2005

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The Aminopalladation‐Reductive Elimination Process as a Tool for the Solution‐Phase Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Azaindole Libraries.
Authors: Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Parisi Luca M.
Published: November 2005

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Procedure for the Parallel Preparation of 3‐Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐yl‐propionic Acid Derivatives Involving Meldrum′s Acid.
Authors: Gerencser Janos , Panka Gabor , Nagy Tamas , Egyed Orsolya , Dorman Gyoergy , Uerge Laszlo , Darvas Ferenc
Published: November 2005

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Microwave‐Enhanced and Metal‐Catalyzed Functionalizations of the 4‐Aryl‐dihydropyrimidone Template.
Authors: Wannberg Johan , Dallinger Doris , Kappe C. Oliver , Larhed Mats
Published: November 2005

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Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrimidine‐Annulated Spiro Heterocycles by Radical Cyclization
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Das T. K. , Jana M.
Published: November 2005

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Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of 5‐[4‐(Alkyloxy)phenyl]‐2‐{4′‐[(S)‐2‐methylbutyl]phenyl}pyrimidine (VI)
Authors: Park Seung‐Un , Lee Chan‐Jae , Han Jin Hee
Published: November 2005

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Heterocyclic Synthesis: A Convenient Route to Some 2‐Mercapto 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole and Green Chemistry Microwave‐Induced One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Aryl 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole in Quinazolone and Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity.
Authors: Desai A. R. , Desai K. R.
Published: November 2005

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Reaction of 2‐[(E)‐Styryl]quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one with Acetylenic Esters: Formation of Unexpected N‐3 Alkenylation Products.
Authors: Chatterjee Tapasi , Chattopadhyay Subhagata , Mukhopadhyay Ranjan , Achari Basudeb , Chakraborty Santu , Mukherjee Alok K.
Published: November 2005

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Reinvestigation of the Synthesis of 2‐Benzyl‐3‐aryl‐quinazolin‐4‐[3H]‐ones. An Improved Multicomponent Procedure Using Microwaves.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Singh Ruby , Sarawgi Pritima
Published: November 2005

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The Synthetic Versatility of Alkoxycarbonyl‐ and Hydroxymethyl‐piperazine‐2,5‐diones.
Authors: Chai Christina L. L. , Elix John A. , Huleatt Paul B.
Published: November 2005

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Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Some 1,2,4‐Triazine Derivatives.
Authors: El‐Barbary A. A. , Sakran M. A. , El‐Madani A. M. , Nielsen Claus
Published: November 2005

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Synthesis of 9‐Oxo‐9,13b‐dihydro‐7H‐benzo[3,4]azepino[2,1‐a]isoindole‐6‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives from Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Gowrisankar Saravanan , Lee Ka Young , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: November 2005

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Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Approach to the Synthesis of Ferrocenyl‐Substituted 1,5‐Diketone Compounds under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Shen Zhi‐Liang , Ji Shun‐Jun , Zhou Wei‐Juan
Published: November 2005

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Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Ferrocene Catalyzed by Immobilized Ytterbium(III) Triflate in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Li Jianjun , Su Weike , Lin Jingdu , Chen Mei , Li Jia
Published: November 2005

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Tagalsins A—H, Dolabrane‐Type Diterpenes from the Mangrove Plant, Ceriops tagal
Authors: Zhang Yan , Deng Zhiwei , Gao Tianxiang , Proksch Peter , Lin Wenhan
Published: November 2005

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Kadsuphilactones A (I) and B (II), Two New Triterpene Dilactones from Kadsura philippinensis.
Authors: Shen Ya‐Ching , Lin Yu‐Chi , Chiang Michael Y. , Yeh Sheau Farn , Cheng Yuan‐Bin , Liao Chia‐Ching
Published: November 2005

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Chemical Constituents of Acanthochlamys bracteata.
Authors: Li Bang‐Jing , Gao Bao‐Chun , Peng Shu‐Lin , Liao Xun , Ding Li‐Sheng
Published: November 2005

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A Rapid Synthesis of Hexofuranose‐Like Iminosugars Using‐Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Cren Sylvaine , Wilson Claire , Thomas Neil R.
Published: November 2005

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P‐Heterocyclic Building Blocks: Application to the Stereoselective Synthesis of P‐Sugars.
Authors: Stoianova Diana S. , Whitehead Alan , Hanson Paul R.
Published: November 2005

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Cu‐Mediated Stille Reactions of Sterically Congested Fragments: Towards the Total Synthesis of Zoanthamine.
Authors: Nielsen Thomas E. , Le Quement Sebastian , Juhl Martin , Tanner David
Published: November 2005

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Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Some Carbonucleoside Analogues.
Authors: Martins Alho Miriam A. , Errea Maria I. , Sguerra Vanesa L. , D'Accorso Norma B. , Talarico Laura B. , Garcia Cybele C. , Damonte Elsa B.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Idesolide: A New Spiro Compound from Idesia polycarpa.
Authors: Kim Seung Hyun , Sung Sang Hyun , Choi Soo Young , Chung Young Keun , Kim Jinwoong , Kim Young Choong
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Xanthomicrol (I) Is the Main Cytotoxic Component of Dracocephalum kotschyii and a Potential Anticancer Agent.
Authors: Jahaniani Fereshteh , Ebrahimi Soltan Ahmed , Rahbar‐Roshandel Nahid , Mahmoudian Massoud
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Simple Synthesis of Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid and Its Analogues.
Authors: Son Jong‐Keun , Lee Seung Ho , Nagarapu Lingaiah , Jahng Yurngdong
Published: November 2005

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Light‐to‐Chemical Energy Conversion in Lamellar Solids and Thin Films
Authors: Hoertz Paul G. , Mallouk Thomas E.
Published: November 2005

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Thermochemical Solar Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Licht Stuart
Published: November 2005

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Magneto‐Superconductivity of Rutheno‐Cuprates
Authors: Awana V. P. S.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetism in Highly Anisotropic Borates: Experiment and Theory
Authors: Continentino M. A. , Fernandes J. C. , Guimaraes R. B. , Boechat B. , Saguia A.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unconventional Magnetism in Carbon Based Materials
Authors: Makarova Tatiana
Published: November 2005

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Single Crystals of Bilayer Manganites
Authors: Prabhakaran D. , Boothroyd A. T.
Published: November 2005

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Molecular Self‐Assembly with Modularization and Directionality: Vector‐Manipulation at Metal Centers
Authors: Yu Shu‐Yan , Li Sheng‐Hui , Huang Hai‐Ping , Zhang Zhong‐Xing , Jiao Qing , Shen Hong , Hu Xi‐Xue , Huang Hui
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Vanadium(V) Peroxo Complexes: Structure, Chemistry and Biological Implications
Authors: Bortolini Olga , Conte Valeria
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acyclic α‐Nitro Ketones: A Versatile Class of α‐Functionalized Ketones in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Bosica Giovanna , Fiorini Dennis , Palmieri Alessandro
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Methodologies for the Synthesis of Biologically Active Piperidinic Compounds
Authors: Cossy Janine
Published: November 2005

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Organorhenium(VII) and Organomolybdenum(VI) Oxides: Syntheses and Application in Olefin Epoxidation
Authors: Kuehn Fritz E. , Santos Ana M. , Herrmann Wolfgang A.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
η3‐Phosphinines
Authors: Mathey F. , le Floch P.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gas Phase Chemistry of Organolithium Compounds
Authors: Denekamp Chagit
Published: November 2005

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Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis: Exploring the Intersections Between Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Tan Derek S.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
From Overstoichiometric to Substoichiometric Enantioselective Protonation with 2‐Sulfinyl Alcohols: A View in Perspective
Authors: Medio‐Simon Mercedes , Aleman Pedro , Cuenca Ana , Gil Jesus , Rodriguez Naria , Asensio Gregorio
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supercritical Fluids as Replacements for Conventional Organic Solvents
Authors: Gordon Charles M. , Leitner Walter
Published: November 2005

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Electrosynthesis of Pharmacologically Interesting New Products Having the Base Structure of 2‐Amino‐2‐p‐nitrophenyl‐1,3‐propanediol
Authors: Cristea C. , Moinet C. , Jitaru M.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Photochemistry Within Zeolites
Authors: Ramamurthy V. , Natarajan Arunkumar , Kaanumalle Lakshmi S. , Karthikeyan S. , Sivaguru J. , Shailaja J. , Joy Abraham
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rhenium and Technetium Complexes with Steroids as Ligands for the Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor and Androgen Receptor
Authors: Wuest Frank R.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Total Syntheses of Kelsoene and Preussin
Authors: Basler Birte , Brandes Sebastian , Spiegel Anja , Bach Thorsten
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Progress in the Synthesis of Guanacastepenes
Authors: Mischne Mirta
Published: November 2005

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Organodilithium Intermediates as Useful Dianionic Synthons: Recent Advances
Authors: Foubelo F. , Yus M.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Benzofused and Other Annulated Phosphinines
Authors: Bergstraesser U.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polarity of Ionic Liquids Determined Empirically by Means of Solvatochromic Pyridinium N‐Phenolate Betaine Dyes
Authors: Reichardt Christian
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Ubiquitin System for Protein Degradation and Some of Its Roles in the Control of the Cell‐Division Cycle (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Hershko Avram
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intracellular Protein Degradation: From a Vague Idea, Through the Lysosome and the Ubiquitin—Proteasome System, and onto Human Diseases and Drug Targeting (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Ciechanover Aaron
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gene Array Technologies in Biological Investigations
Authors: Liu Edison T.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improving the Properties of Organic Dyes by Molecular Encapsulation
Authors: Arunkumar Easwaran , Forbes Christopher C. , Smith Bradley D.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Elucidating Mechanistic Details of Catalytic Reactions Utilizing Gas Phase Clusters
Authors: Kimble M. L. , Justes D. R. , Moore N. A. , Castleman, A. W. Jr.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetry on Large Scale: The Roadmap to Stereoselective Processes
Authors: Federsel Hans‐Juergen
Published: November 2005

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Characterization of Solid—Liquid Interfaces Using X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Vlieg Elias
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Numerical Simulations in Biological Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Sivertsen Astrid C. , Bjerring Morten , Kehlet Cindie T. , Vosegaard Thomas , Nielsen Niels Chr.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Measurements of the Heat Capacity of an Azeotropic Mixture of Water and n‐Butanol from 78 to 320 K
Authors: Nan Zhao‐Dong , TAN Zhi‐Cheng , Xing Jun
Published: November 2005

Molar heat capacities of n‐butanol and the azeotropic mixture in the binary system [water (x=0.716) plus n‐butanol (x=0.284)] were measured with an adiabatic calorimeter in a temperature range from 78 to 320 K. The functions of the heat capacity with respect to thermodynamic temperature were established for the azeotropic mixture. A glass transition was observed at (111.9±1.2) K. The phase transitions took place at (179.26±0.77) and (269.69±0.14) K corresponding to the solid‐liquid phase transitions of n‐butanol and water, respectively. The phase‐transition enthalpy and entropy of water were calculated. A thermodynamic function of excess molar heat capacity with respect to temperature was established, which took account of physical mixing, destructions of self‐association and cross‐association for n‐butanol and water, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic ones of the binary systems relative to 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity and the calculated excess heat capacity with respect to temperature.
Rapid Phosphodiester Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Lanthanum(III)
Authors: Kou Xing‐Ming , Hu Yan , Huang Zhong , Meng Xiang‐Guang , Zeng Xian‐Cheng
Published: November 2005

The catalytic hydrolysis of bis(4‐nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) by lanthanum(III) ion in the presence of amino‐alcoholic ligands: diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA), was investigated kinetically at 30 °C. The results indicated that the dinuclear dihydroxo complexes formed by lanthanum(III) ion with aminoalcoholic ligands might be the catalytically active species which catalyze the hydrolysis of BNPP to different extents and the catalytic mechanism was believed to involve the synergism of double Lewis acid activation of the substrate and an intramolecular nucleophilic attack of a bridging oxo ligand.
Theoretical Studies of the Aminolysis for N‐Methyl β‐Sultam in Solution
Authors: He Mao‐Xia , Feng Da‐Cheng , Wang Huan‐Jie , Cai Zheng‐Ting
Published: November 2005

The aminolysis and the effect of water on the aminolysis processes of n‐methyl β‐sultam have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. The stationary structures and energies have been investigated for both reactions to find two different reaction channels. Specific and general solvent effects have been evaluated and the most favored pathway was found. The presence of solvent disfavors the reaction, whereas the participation of water in the aminolysis reaction plays a positive role and reduces the activation energy greatly. All transition states in the assisted aminolysis are 35–70 kJ/mol lower than those for the non‐assisted reaction.
Influence of Molar Ratio of Zn/Al/Tyr on the Formation of Tyr/Zn‐Al‐LDH Nanohybrids
Authors: li Shu‐Ping , Xu Jing‐Juan , Zhao Ge , Chen Hong‐Yuan
Published: November 2005

The intercalation of amphoteric amino acid tyrosine (Tyr) into LDH by co‐precipitation method was systematically studied. The influence of initial molar ratios (R) of LDH to Tyr has also been examined. Powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, specific surface areas and pore size distributions, and thermal analysis have been employed for the characterization of the nanocomposites. The nanohybrids were found to have an expanded layered structure except the samples prepared with low R values, indicating that the biomolecules were intercalated into the gallery as anions. The intercalation of amino acids resulted in the increase of the surface areas and pore volumes, and the value of surface areas and pore volumes increased with enhancement of biomolecules intercalated. TEM analysis revealed that with increasing biomolecules into the gallery, the nanohybrids were changed from hexagonal particles to spherical ones. Moreover, the configuration of Tyr anions was varied under different R values, changed from monolayer to bilayers with more biomolecules intercalating into the gallery.
Solubility of Rubidium Nitrate in CH3OH or C2H5OH Aqueous Solutions at Different Temperatures
Authors: Li Shu‐Ni , Hu Man‐Cheng , Jin Li‐Hua , Zhang Xiao‐Lei , Jiang Yu‐Cheng
Published: November 2005

The solubilities of rubidium nitrate in water, water plus methanol, and water plus ethanol have been determined using a simple accurate analytical method at different temperatures. In all cases, the presence of either methanol or ethanol significantly reduced the solubility of rubidium nitrate in aqueous solution. A four‐parameter equation was adjusted to the experimental data satisfactorily. Refractive index was also determined for the two ternary systems both in saturated and unsaturated solutions with varied salt concentrations. Furthermore the values for refractive index were correlated with the proportions of alcohol and the concentrations of salt.
Theoretical Study on the Protonation of Platinated Adenine
Authors: He Qin , Zhou Li‐Xin , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang
Published: November 2005

The influence of a series of square planar metal adducts on the protonation ability of adenine has been investigated using ab initio calculation. The results showed that the protonation ability was mainly influenced by the long‐range electrostatic effect in gas phase, no strong influence of different metals has been detected for the system studied, and the solvent effect calculations showed that the polar solvent could efficiently compensate for the long‐range electrostatic effect dominant in gas phase. The NBO population analysis indicated that the protonation ability was mainly affected by changes of the electron density on selected atoms.
New Type of Polymeric Chain Constructed by Exo‐bidentate Binaphthol Derivative
Authors: Gong Ya‐Qiong , Han Lei , Wang Rui‐Hua , Lou Ben‐Yong , Wu Ben‐Lai , Hong Mao‐Chun
Published: November 2005

The self‐assembly of a racemic exo‐bidentate ligand 2,2′‐bis(4‐pyridylmethyloxy)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl, namelyRac‐L, with cadmium(II) salt gave rise to a new one‐dimensional polymer, which has been characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The polymer crystallizes in a triclinic space groupP‐1 with unit cell parameters:a=0.6976(1) nm,b=1.30160(14) nm,c=1.71146(17) nm,α=105.141(3) °,β=94.263(5)°,γ=100.405(4)°,V=1.4633(2) nm3,Z=2, C32H29CdCl2N2O4.5,M=696.88,Dc=1.584 g/cm3,F(000) =708,μ(Mo Kα) =0.972 mm−1. The finalRandwRare 0.0498 and 0.1282 for 5079 observed reflections withI≥δ(I).
Study on the Molecular Recognition of α,α,α,β‐ZnT(o‐BocThr)APP toward Imidazole Derivatives and Amino Acid Esters
Authors: Ruan Wen‐Juan , Zhao Xiao‐Jing , Wang Shu‐Jun , Zhang Ying‐Hui , Zhang Zhi‐Huia , Nan Jing , Zhu Zhi‐Ang , Wang Jian‐Guo , Ma Yi
Published: November 2005

Molecular Recognition of α,α,α,β‐ZnT(o‐BocThr)APP (1) toward a series of imidazole derivatives and amino acid esters was investigated. Association constants were determined in chloroform by means of UV‐Vis titration method. The association constants of 1 with imidazole derivatives are larger than those of 1 with amino acid esters. 1H NMR spectra were investigated to describe the binding mode of the recognition system, showing that all the protons of the guests were shifted to upfield. The circular dichroism spectra of 1‐L‐/D‐ValOMe showed a split cotton effect in Soret region, while those of 1‐L‐/D‐PheOMe showed no split cotton effect. Molecular modeling was performed to understand chiral recognition on a molecular level. Quantum chemical calculation was carried out based on the stable conformations of these recognition systems, which gave a reasonable explanation for the behavior of molecular recognition. The results indicated that the conformation of 1‐D‐ValOMe was more stable than that of 1‐L‐ValOMe.
Novel Organic‐inorganic Hybrid Coordination Polymer [(DBU‐H)(PbI3)]n: Synthesis, Crystallographic Structure and Quantum Chemical Investigation
Authors: Li Hao‐Hong , Chen Zhi‐Rong , Li Jun‐Qian , Huang Chang‐Cang , Xiao Guang‐Can , Hu Xiao‐Lin , Zhao Bin , Xiao Fu‐Xian
Published: November 2005

The coordination polymer [(DBU‐H)(PbI3)]n (DBU=catena‐(1,8‐diazabicyclo[5,4,0]‐undec‐7‐ene) was synthesized by self‐assembly reaction of DBU and PbI2 at room temperature with pH=6.0 and structurally characterized by means of X‐ray single crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic system with space group P21/c and crystal parameters a=1.1940(2) nm, b=1.7409(4) nm, c=0.81347(16) nm, β=100.32(3)°, chemical formula C9H17N2I3Pb and Mr=741.15, V=1.6635(6) nm3, Z=4, Dc=2.959 g/cm3, F(000) =1304, µ(Mo Kα) =15.687 mm−1, the final R=0.0389 and wR=0.0635 for 2279 observed reflections with I>2δ(I). Structure analysis shows that the inorganic anion chain consists of distorted PbI6 octahedra, which shares the same faces with adjacent PbI6 units to form one‐dimensional infinite chains along the c‐axis. Anion chains are surrounded by protonated (DBU‐H)+ cations. Anion chains and cations are in combination with each other by static attracting forces in the crystal to form so‐called organic‐inorganic hybrid structure. According to the crystal structure data, quantum chemical calculation with DFT at B3LYP level was used to reveal the electronic structure of title compound.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of [ZnL2Cl2]·2H2O (L=N′‐Benzoylpyridine‐4‐hydrazide)
Authors: Bian He‐Dong , Guo Gui‐Quan , Yu Qing , Liang Hong , Yang Xiao‐E , Zhu Li‐Gang , Wang Da‐Qi
Published: November 2005

In the title complex, the zinc(II) ion is four coordinated in a distorted tetrahedron geometry. The neighboring molecules are connected by the hydrogen bonds to form an infinite three‐dimensional system. Moreover, there are π‐π interactions between adjacent molecule planes, pyridyl and phenyl rings of the complex, which are arranged in a face‐to‐face fashion. The ligand and the complex could emit blue light with an emission maximum at λ=480 nm in solid state.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Pyridine Coordinated Sandwich‐type Heteropolyanion {[Na(H2O)2]3[Ni(C5H5N)]3(AsW9O33)2}9−
Authors: Liu Xue‐Mei , Wang Chong‐Ren , Liu Bin , Xue Gang‐Lin , Hu Huai‐Ming , Wang Ji‐Wu , Fu Feng
Published: November 2005

The pyridine coordinated sandwich‐type heteropolytungstate Na7[Ni(H2O)6]{[Na(H2O)2]3[Ni(C5H5N)]3‐ (AsW9O33)2}·28H2O was obtained by the reaction of Na2WO4·2H2O, NaAsO2 and pyridine with NiCl2·6H2O at pH=7.0 and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV‐Vis, 1H NMR spectra and magnetic measurement. The structure of this heteropolytungstate was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis, which crystallized in triclinic system, space group $ P {\bar 1} $ with a=1.3153(9) nm, b=1.7228(12) nm, c=2.6866(19) nm, α=74.130(11)°, β=78.032(12)°,γ=73.179(12)° and Z=2, R1=0.0604, wR2=0.0915 [I>2δ(I)]. Polyanion {[Na(H2O)2]3[Ni(C5H5N)]3‐(AsW9O33)2}9− has approximately C3 symmetry, and three pyridine coordinated Ni(C5H5N)2+and three Na(H2O) 2+ are encapsulated between two AsW9O339−. Magnetic measurements show that central Ni3 unit in the polyanion exhibits ferromagnetic NiNi exchange interactions (J=6.17 cm−1).
Study on Structure and Biological Activities of Novel Triazole Compounds Containing 1,3‐Dithiolane Ring
Authors: Xu Liang‐Zhong , Xu Feng‐Ling , Li Kai , Lin Qiang , Zhou Kai
Published: November 2005

Seven novel triazole compounds containing 1,3‐dithiolane groups were synthesized according to the biological isosterism. Their structures were confirmed by means of elemental analysis, MS, 1H NMR, IR and X‐ray crystallography. The results of preliminary biological tests showed that all of these compounds possess some antifungal and plant growth regulatory activities.
Photocatalytic Oxidation for Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand Using Nano‐TiO2Film
Authors: Ding Hong‐Chun , Chai Yi‐Hao , Zhang Zhong‐Hai , Liu Mei‐Chuan , Xian Yue‐Zhong , Pan Zhen‐Sheng , Jin Li‐Tong
Published: November 2005

A photocatalytic oxidation method for determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) using nano‐TiO2film, based on the use of a nano‐TiO2‐Ce(SO4)2system and electrochemical detection, was proposed. The technique was originated from the direct determination of the Ce(III) concentration change resulting from photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds. Ce(III), which was produced by photocatalytic reduction of Ce(SO4)2, could be measured at a multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) chemically modified electrode (CME). The COD values by this method were calculated from the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) current of Ce(III) at the CME. Under the optimal operation conditions, the detection limit of 0.5 mg·L−1COD with the linear range of 1–600 mg·L−1was achieved. This method was also applied to determination of various COD of ground water and wastewater samples. The results were in good agreement with those from the conventional COD methods,i.e., permanganate and dichromate ones.
Charge Transfer in Excited Donor‐acceptor Phenothiazine Derivatives
Authors: Liu Tao , Wei Yong‐Gang , Yuan Yan‐Qiu , Guo Qing‐Xiang
Published: November 2005

A series ofN‐bonded donor‐acceptor derivatives of phenothiazine containing phenyl (PHPZ), anisyl (ANPZ), pyridyl (PYPZ), naphthyl (NAPZ), acetylphenyl (APPZ), and cyanophenyl (CPPZ) as an electron acceptor have been synthesized. Their photophysical properties were investigated in solvents of different polarities by absorption and emission techniques. These studies clearly revealed the existence of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) excited state in the latter four compounds. The solvent dependent Stokes shift values were analyzed by the modified Lippert‐Mataga equation to obtain the excited state dipole moment values. The large excited state dipole moment suggests that the full (or nearly full) electron transfer take place in the A‐D systems. In the system of A‐D phenothiazine derivatives, the transition dipole momentsMfluwere determined mainly by direct interactions between the solvent‐equilibrated fluorescence1CT state and ground state because of their lack of significant change with increase of the solvent polarity. The electron structure and molecular conformation of phenothiazine derivatives will be significantly changed with the increase of the electron affinity of the N‐10 substituent.
Superabsorber aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen. Die gezielte Synthese mit nachwachsenden Rohstoffen
Authors: Zeuke Michael
Published: November 2005

Stärke [1, 2] kann als natürlicher Rohstoff zur Herstellung von superabsorbierenden Makromolekülen verwendet werden. Die nachwachsenden Rohstoffe werden durch die gezielte Einführung hydrophiler Gruppen wasserlöslicher und lassen sich durch Vernetzung in stabile Gele umwandeln. Durch moderne Aufnahmetechniken kann die Struktur abgebildet werden [3].
Hochschulen und Hochschul‐Prüfungen in Schweden
Authors: Schmidt Hans‐Jürgen
Published: November 2005

Nachdem der kleine Ruster von Schweden nach Deutschland zurückgekehrt war, erzählte er gerne von dem wunderbaren Land im Norden. Die Menschen seien dort so groß wie die Kirchtürme, die Schwalben so groß wie Adler und die Bienen wie Gänse.

„…und die Bienenkörbe?”︁

„Die Bienenkörbe? … die sind wie gewöhnliche Bienenkörbe.”︁

„Wie können die Bienen da aber hineinkommen?”︁

„…das ist ihre Sache”︁, sagte der kleine Ruster.

Selma Lagerlöf (1858 – 1940), Gösta Berling, stark verändert

In Schweden gehen die Uhren anders – auch im Bildungswesen. Der vorliegende Artikel basiert zum einen auf Erfahrungen, die der Autor in fünf Jahren als Gastprofessor für Chemiedidaktik an der Universität Karlstad in Schweden gesammelt hat. Zum anderen werden veröffentlichte Dokumente ausgewertet, um zu allgemein gültigen Aussagen zu kommen. Zur Illustration werden Beispiele aus den Chemie‐Studiengängen herangezogen.
Himbeere, Waldmeister oder doch Zitrone? Die Verwendung von Brausepulver und Gummibärchen als Indikatoren
Authors: Ducci Matthias
Published: November 2005

Die Verwendung von Haushaltschemikalien im Chemieunterricht birgt ein großes Motivationspotenzial, das für Lernprozesse genutzt werden sollte. Entsprechend findet man in der fachdidaktischen Literatur etliche Versuchsvorschriften, in denen Labor‐ durch Alltagschemikalien ersetzt werden. An dieser Stelle seien exemplarisch die Konzeption „Chemie fürs Leben”︁ von Flint sowie die umfangreiche Zusammenstellung von Experimenten mit Haushaltschemikalien von Schwedt genannt [1, 2].

Auch Indikatoren werden vom erfahrenen Lehrer nur dann im Chemikalienhandel gekauft, wenn die Kasse für die Verbrauchsmaterialien am Ende des Rechnungsjahres noch einen Überschuss aufweist. Andernfalls greift er auf Versuchsanleitungen zurück, mit Hilfe derer die Herstellung von Indikatoren selbst vorgenommen werden kann, z. B. aus Rotkohl oder Radieschen [3, 4].

Im Folgenden wird aufgezeigt, dass auch die im Ahoj‐Brausepulver der Geschmacksrichtung Himbeere sowie in roten Gummibärchen eingesetzten Farbstoffe als Säure‐Base‐Indikatoren verwendet werden können.
Semisynthesis and Screening of a Small Library of Pro‐Apoptotic Squamocin Analogues: Selection and Study of a Benzoquinone Hybrid with an Improved Biological Profile.
Authors: Derbré Séverine , Duval Romain , Roué Gaël , Garofano Aurelio , Poupon Erwan , Brandt Ulrich , Susin Santos A. , Hocquemiller Reynald
Published: November 2005

Acetogenins of Annonaceae, including squamocin (1), exert spectacular cytotoxicity and the most potent inhibition of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase known so far. Cell death induced by these natural products was identified as apoptosis and was thought to be linked to alterations in mitochondrial function. Quinone–squamocin hybrid compounds were semisynthesized and evaluated for their pro‐apoptotic properties with a screening method based on dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Herein, we report a short one‐step synthesis of a squamocin carboxylic acid analogue. For the first time on a natural product, the radical decarboxylation and quinone addition reaction has enabled preparation of a library of squamocin–quinone hybrids and four other analogues. Squamoquinone, tenfold more potent than squamocin as an inducer of apoptosis, emerged as a promising compound, as it induces apoptosis through a mitochondrial caspase‐dependent pathway.
Survivin expression and its relation with proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in brain gliomas
Authors: Zhen Hai‐Ning , Zhang Xiang , Hu Pei‐Zhen , Yang Tong‐Tao , Fei Zhou , Zhang Jian‐Ning , Fu Luo‐An , He Xiao‐Sheng , Ma Fu‐Cheng , Wang Xi‐Ling
Published: November 2005

BACKGROUND

An unbalance of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis, and angiogenesis also plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Recently, survivin has been identified as an important member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Although it has been shown that survivin is highly expressed in gliomas, and is associated with tumorigenesis, progression, and poor prognosis of gliomas, as yet the relation of survivin expression with proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of gliomas it is still unclear.

METHODS

Eighty‐three cases of brain glioma were chosen and protein expressions of survivin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in glioma cells and Factor VIII‐related antigen (FVIII‐RAg) in vascular endothelial cells were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Apoptotic cells of brain glioma were screened by TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL), and survivin immunoreactivity score (IRS), proliferative index (PI), apoptotic index (AI), overall daily growth (ODG), and microvessel density (MVD) in brain gliomas were measured.

RESULTS

The survivin IRS, PI, AI, ODG, and MVD of brain gliomas were 3.75 ± 3.89, 28.39 ± 19.49%, 1.00 ± 0.80%, 12.19 ± 10.21%, and 62.75 ± 31.50, respectively, and all of them increased markedly with an increase in the pathologic grade of brain gliomas (P < 0.001 for all). PI, ODG, and MVD in the survivin‐positive group were significantly higher than those in the survivin‐negative group (P < 0.001 for all). PI, ODG, and MVD were positively correlated with survivin IRS (P < 0.001 for all). Although there was no significant difference between AI in the survivin‐positive group or in the survivin‐negative group (P = 0.108), AI was inversely correlated with survivin IRS (P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS

Survivin is overexpressed in brain gliomas, which may play an important role in malignant proliferation, antiapoptosis, and angiogenesis of brain gliomas. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Transdermal fentanyl in the management of children with chronic severe pain
Authors: Finkel Julia C. , Finley Allen , Greco Christine , Weisman Steve J. , Zeltzer Lonnie
Published: November 2005

BACKGROUND

The current study was conducted to assess the safety and tolerability of a transdermal fentanyl delivery system for the relief of chronic pain in a pediatric population, and also to validate titration recommendations and conversion to transdermal fentanyl from oral opioid therapy.

METHODS

This 15‐day (with 3‐month extension), single‐arm, open‐label trial was conducted at 66 sites in 10 countries. A total of 199 pediatric patients (ages 2–16 years) with both malignant and nonmalignant conditions who were receiving oral or parenteral opioids for moderate to severe chronic pain were enrolled. Transdermal fentanyl doses were titrated upward according to the rescue medication consumed during the previous application period. Degree of pain was assessed by patients and parents/guardians using visual and numeric scales. Level of play and quality of life were assessed using the Play Performance Scale (PPS) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Adverse events were monitored on Days 1–15. Hypoventilation and sedation were monitored every 4 hours during the first 72 hours of the study.

RESULTS

A total of 173 patients completed the primary treatment period and 130 entered the extension phase. The average daily pain intensity scores were reported to have decreased by Day 16 and improvements in the mean PPS scores were observed to the end of the extension period. The CHQ scores demonstrated improvements in 11 of 12 domains after Month 1 of the extension period.

CONCLUSIONS

Transdermal fentanyl was found to be a safe and well tolerated alternative to oral opioid treatment for children ages 2–16 years who were previously exposed to opioid therapy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Preoperative lymph node staging of early‐stage cervical carcinoma by [18F]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose–positron emission tomography
Authors: Wright Jason D. , Dehdashti Farrokh , Herzog Thomas J. , Mutch David G. , Huettner Phyllis C. , Rader Janet S. , Gibb Randall K. , Powell Matthew A. , Gao Feng , Siegel Barry A. , Grigsby Perry W.
Published: November 2005

BACKGROUND

Increasing evidence has documented the value of positron emission tomography (PET) in oncology, but only limited data are available comparing PET findings with the pathologic status of regional lymph nodes in patients with cervical carcinoma. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PET in detecting lymph node metastasis in women with early‐stage cervical carcinoma.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective review of all patients with Stage IA–IIA cervical carcinoma who underwent PET before surgery from 1999 to 2004. The status of the regional lymph nodes was correlated with lymph node pathology.

RESULTS

Fifty‐nine patients were identified. Pelvic lymph node metastases were present in 32% of the patients and were detected by PET with a sensitivity of 53%, a specificity of 90%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 71%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 80%. Paraaortic lymph node disease was present in 9% of patients and was detected by PET with a sensitivity of 25%, a specificity 98%, a PPV of 50%, and an NPV of 93%. The mean size of the tumor deposits was larger in the PET‐positive pelvic nodes (15.2 mm; range, 2–35 mm) than in the PET‐negative lymph nodes (7.3 mm; range, 0.3–20 mm; P = 0.002). Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained before surgery in 42 patients. The combined sensitivity of PET and CT in these patients was 75%. PET alone detected 9 (36%) of the positive lymph node groups, whereas CT alone detected 3 (12%) of the positive lymph node groups. Neither PET nor CT detected the positive lymph node groups in 8 patients (32%).

CONCLUSIONS

Pathologic validation of PET imaging demonstrated a low sensitivity and a high specificity for PET in patients with early‐stage cervical carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The addition of rituximab to fludarabine improves clinical outcome in untreated patients with ZAP‐70‐negative chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Del Poeta Giovanni , Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Irno Consalvo Maria Antonietta , Maurillo Luca , Buccisano Francesco , Venditti Adriano , Mazzone Carla , Bruno Antonio , Gianní Laura , Capelli Giovanni , Lo Coco Francesco , Cantonetti Maria , Gattei Valter , Amadori Sergio
Published: November 2005

BACKGROUND

Clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies in combination with chemotherapy have reported previously unattained response rates in patients with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL); however, the analysis of ZAP‐70 protein and/or CD38 may explain better the discordant outcomes independent of treatment.

METHODS

The authors conducted a Phase II study, in which rituximab was added to fludarabine for patients with symptomatic, untreated CLL, to evaluate clinical outcomes. Sixty patients with B‐CLL received 6 monthly courses of fludarabine (25 mg/m2 for 5 days) followed by 4 weekly doses of rituximab (375 mg/m2).

RESULTS

On the basis of National Cancer Institute criteria, 47 of 60 patients (78%) achieved a complete remission, 9 of 60 patients (15%) achieved a partial remission, and 4 of 60 patients (7%) had no response or progressive disease. It is noteworthy that the patients experienced a long progression‐free survival (PFS) from treatment (68% at 3 yrs). A significantly shorter PFS was observed in ZAP‐70‐positive patients (25% vs. 100% at 3 yrs; P = 0.00005), in CD38‐positive patients (18% vs. 91% at 3 yrs; P = 0.0002), and in patients who had more minimal residual disease (36% vs. 77% at 2.5 yrs; P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

With the addition of rituximab to fludarabine, improved clinical outcomes were obtained, and the stratification of patients by using ZAP‐70 and CD38 may help clinicians offer more aggressive and/or experimental approaches to the treatment of patients with high‐risk B‐CLL subtypes. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Salvage temozolomide for prior temozolomide responders
Authors: Franceschi Enrico , Omuro Antonio M. P. , Lassman Andrew B. , Demopoulos Alexis , Nolan Craig , Abrey Lauren E.
Published: November 2005

BACKGROUND

Temozolomide (TMZ) often is used as adjuvant or first‐line therapy for patients with glioma. Because of potential hematologic complications, it usually is discontinued after 12–18 cycles, even in responders. Subsequent salvage therapies are reported to have limited efficacy at the time of disease recurrence. In the current study, the authors assessed the outcome and complications of reusing TMZ at the time of disease recurrence in patients who previously responded to treatment.

METHODS

A retrospective review of patients with recurrent/progressive glioma who had a history of response to TMZ and were treated with the same agent at the time of disease recurrence was conducted.

RESULTS

Fourteen patients were identified (8 men and 6 women). The median age of the patients was 56 years (range, 25–67 yrs) at the time of diagnosis; 9 patients had glioblastoma, 3 had anaplastic astrocytoma, and 2 patients had low‐grade oligodendroglioma. No patient developed disease progression while receiving the initial TMZ treatment. At the time of the initial disease recurrence, 13 patients were readministered TMZ. One patient received TMZ at the time of second disease recurrence. All patients were assessed for radiographic response. Objective response or stable disease was achieved in 6 patients (43%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 21–67%) and the 6‐month progression‐free survival was 36% (95% CI, 16–61%).

CONCLUSIONS

TMZ was found to be well tolerated and effective in this setting, suggesting that repeat use of TMZ in previous responders warrants further investigation. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
An EasyGrid portal for scheduling system‐aware applications on computational Grids
Authors: Boeres C. , Fonseca A. A. , Mendes H. A. , Menezes L. T. , Moura N. T. , Silva J. A. , Vianna B. A. , Rebello V. E. F.
Published: November 2005

One of the objectives of computational Grids is to offer applications the collective computational power of distributed but typically shared heterogeneous resources. Unfortunately, efficiently harnessing the performance potential of such systems (i.e. how and where applications should execute on the Grid) is a challenging endeavor due principally to the very distributed, shared and heterogeneous nature of the resources involved. A crucial step towards solving this problem is the need to identify both an appropriate scheduling model and scheduling algorithm(s). This paper presents a tool to aid the design and evaluation of scheduling policies suitable for efficient execution of system‐aware parallel applications on computational Grids. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Checkpointing BSP parallel applications on the InteGrade Grid middleware
Authors: de Camargo Raphael Y. , Goldchleger Andrei , Kon Fabio , Goldman Alfredo
Published: November 2005

InteGrade is a Grid middleware infrastructure that enables the use of idle computing power from user workstations. One of its goals is to support the execution of long‐running parallel applications that present a considerable amount of communication among application nodes. However, in an environment composed of shared user workstations spread across many different LANs, machines may fail, become inaccessible, or may switch from idle to busy very rapidly, compromising the execution of the parallel application in some of its nodes. Thus, to provide some mechanism for fault tolerance becomes a major requirement for such a system. In this paper, we describe the support for checkpoint‐based rollback recovery of Bulk Synchronous Parallel applications running over the InteGrade middleware. This mechanism consists of periodically saving application state to permit the application to restart its execution from an intermediate execution point in case of failure. A precompiler automatically instruments the source code of a C/C++ application, adding code for saving and recovering application state. A failure detector monitors the application execution. In case of failure, the application is restarted from the last saved global checkpoint. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structured process execution middleware for Grid computing
Authors: Cicerre F. R. L. , Madeira E. R. M. , Buzato L. E.
Published: November 2005

Grid computing is a model for wide‐area distributed and parallel computing across heterogeneous networks in multiple administrative domains. It strives to provide breakthrough computing power at low cost. Nowadays there are dozens of academic and commercial products that allow execution of isolated tasks on Grids, but few products support the coordination of long‐running processes in a distributed fashion. In order to address the subject, this paper presents a programming model and a middleware that support the hierarchical execution of structured processes using available nodes in a Grid environment. Their advantages are adaptable and structured coordination of activities, with better execution scalability, performance, reliability and easy monitoring. This paper also presents results that demonstrate the efficiency of this structured model, supporting dynamic adaptation of process execution through the use of an application that searches for prime numbers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual data Grid middleware services for data‐intensive science
Authors: Zhao Yong , Wilde Michael , Foster Ian , Voeckler Jens , Dobson James , Gilbert Eric , Jordan Thomas , Quigg Elizabeth
Published: November 2005

The GriPhyN virtual data system provides a suite of components and services for data‐intensive sciences that enables scientists to systematically and efficiently describe, discover, and share large‐scale data and computational resources. We describe the design and implementation of such middleware services in terms of a virtual data system interface called Chiron, and present virtual data integration examples from the QuarkNet education project and from functional‐MRI‐based neuroscience research. The Chiron interface also serves as an online ‘educator’ for virtual data applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.