bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Ecology of Hypertension Management Among Latinos Living in the U.S.–Mexico Border Region
Authors: Cacari Stone Lisa , Sanchez Victoria , Bruna Sean Patrick , Muhammad Michael , Zamora, MPH Carmen
Published: March 2021

Introduction

While a growing body of research examines individual factors affecting the prevalence and management of hypertension among Latinos, less is known about how socioecological factors operate to determine health and affect implementation of interventions in rural communities.

Method

We conducted eight focus groups to assess perceived risks and protective factors associated with managing hypertension among Latino adults and their family members living in two rural/frontier counties in the U.S.–Mexico border region. This analysis is part of a larger study, Corazon por la Vida (Heart for Life), which involved multiple data collection strategies to evaluate the effectiveness of a primary care and a promotora de salud intervention to manage hypertension.

Results

Of the 49 focus group participants, 70% were female and 30% were male, 39% were Spanish-only speakers, and 84% had hypertension. Participants’ ages ranged between 18 and 75 years, and 63% reported annual incomes below $30,000. Drawing from a social–ecological framework to analyze focus group data, four major themes and subthemes emerged as factors facilitating or inhibiting disease management: (1) individual (emotional burdens, coping mechanisms), (2) social relationships (family as a source of support, family as a source of stress), (3) health system (trust/mistrust, patient–provider communication), and (4) environment (lack of access to safe exercise environment, lack of affordable food).

Conclusion

Our findings are relevant to public health practitioners, researchers, and policymakers seeking to shift from individual level or single interventions aimed at improving treatment-modality adherence to multilevel or multiple interventions for rural Latino communities.
The Need for Consensus About Liver Transplantation For Patients With Neuropsychiatric Wilson’s Disease
Authors: Ferrarese Alberto , Burra Patrizia
Published: March 2021

Liver transplantation is considered an effective therapeutic option for Wilson’s disease (WD) patients with hepatic phenotype, since it removes the inherited defects of copper metabolism, and is associated with excellent graft and patient outcomes. The role of liver transplantation in WD patients with mixed hepatic and neuropsychiatric phenotype has remained controversial over time, mainly because of high post-operative complications, reduced survival and a variable, unpredictable rate of neurological improvement. This article critically discusses the recently published data in this field, focussing in more detail on isolated neuropsychiatric phenotype as a potential indication for liver transplantation in WD patients.
BladderScan Feedback Method in Predicting Bladder Filling for Prostate Radiotherapy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kuo Deng-Yu , Hsu Chen-Yang , Wang Wei-Chun , Chen Hsiu-Hsi , Shueng Pei-Wei
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

Approximately 5%–10% of men who receive prostate cancer radiotherapy will suffer from radiation cystitis. Bladder filling before the administration of radiotherapy results in lower radiation exposure to the bladder. BladderScan, an ultrasound-based bladder volume scanner, has the potential to evaluate bladder volume during radiotherapy; thus, a prospective pilot study was initiated.

Methods:

Eleven men receiving tomotherapy for localized prostate cancer were enrolled. The validity of BladderScan was evaluated by comparing the measurements from BladderScan with the calculated volume from megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT). With a crossover design to compare different methods in bladder filling, the radiotherapy was divided into 2 sequences. Conventional method: the patient was asked to drink water after voiding urine. The amount of water and the duration of waiting were the same as in the setting of the simulation. BladderScan feedback method: the bladder filling procedure depended on the BladderScan measurements.

Results:

There were 314 sets of data from 11 patients. The correlation coefficient between VBS and VCT was 0.87, where VBS is the mean volume of 3 measurements by BladderScan and VCT is the bladder volume derived from MVCT. The BladderScan feedback method resulted in a significant larger bladder volume than the conventional method, with a mean difference of 36.9 mL. When the failure was defined as VCT <80% of planned volume, the BladderScan feedback method brought about a relative reduction in the failure rate with an odds ratio of 0.44 and an absolute reduction of 9.1%.

Conclusion:

The accuracy of BladderScan was validated by MVCT in our study. The BladderScan feedback method can help patients fill the bladder adequately, with a larger bladder volume and a lower failure rate.
Study on Clinical Application of Different Ultrasound-Guided Planar Techniques in Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Fan Difu , Song Leming , Li Monong , Luo Chunxiang , Liao Xiaohui , Huang Yongming , He Xiaolong , Du Chuance , Liu Tairong , Michel Jack , Xie Donghua
Published: March 2021

Objective. The objective is to explore the clinical application value of ultrasound long- and short-axis planar technology in real-time guided puncture in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrology. Methods. The clinical data of 80 patients undergoing real-time ultrasound-guided minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy from September 2018 to October 2019 were analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups with different ultrasound-guided puncture techniques, long-axis in-plane technique and short-axis out-of-plane technique. Results. Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomies under real-time ultrasound guidance were successfully completed in both groups of patients. The success rate of the first puncture in the short-axis out-of-plane group was significantly higher than that in the long-axis in-plane group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P <.05); the total puncture time in the short-axis out-of-plane group was significantly less than the long-axis in-plane group, and the differences were statistical significance ( P <.05); there was no significant difference in the single-stage stone removal rate, total percutaneous renal channels, total hospital stay, and rate of complications by the Clavien classification between the 2 groups ( P > .05). Conclusion. Ultrasound long-axis and short-axis planar technologies can achieve good clinical application results in real-time guided puncture to establish percutaneous renal channels during minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Compared with the long-axis in-plane technique, the short-axis out-of-plane technique can shorten the puncture time and improve the success rate of the first puncture.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Colorectal Surgery: Construction of Core Measures Using Open-Source Research Method
Authors: El-Hussuna Alaa , Rubio-Perez Ines , Millan Monica , Pellino Gianluca , Negoi Ionut , Gallo Gaetano , Shalaby Mostafa , Celentano Valerio , Green Ryan , Minaya-Bravo Ana , Emile Sameh , Smart Neil J. , Maeda Yasuko , Ivatury Srinivas J. , Mackenzie Graham , Yalçınkaya Ali , Mellenthin Claudia , Dudi-Venkata Nagendra N. , Davies Justin , McNair Angus , Pata Francesco , Gymoese Berthelsen Kasper , Rivadeneira David , Spinelli Antonino , Myrelid Pår , Mayol Julio , Wexner Steven ,   OpenSourceResearch collaboration
Published: March 2021

Purpose. The primary aim of the study was to review the existing literature about patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in colorectal cancer and IBD. The secondary aim was to present a road map to develop a core outcome set via opinion gathering using social media. Method. This study is the first step of a three-step project aimed at constructing simple, applicable PROMs in colorectal surgery. This article was written in a collaborative manner with authors invited both through Twitter via the #OpenSourceResearch hashtag. The 5 most used PROMs were presented and discussed as slides/images on Twitter. Inputs from a wide spectrum of participants including researchers, surgeons, physicians, nurses, patients, and patients’ organizations were collected and analyzed. The final draft was emailed to all contributors and 6 patients’ representatives for proofreading and approval. Results. Five PROM sets were identified and discussed: EORTC QLQ-CR29, IBDQ short health questionnaire, EORTC QLQ-C30, ED-Q5-5L, and Short Form-36. There were 315 tweets posted by 50 tweeters with 1458 retweets. Awareness about PROMs was generally limited. The general psycho-physical well-being score (GPP) was suggested and discussed, and then a survey was conducted in which more than 2/3 of voters agreed that GPP covers the most important aspects in PROMs. Conclusion. Despite the limitations of this exploratory study, it offered a new method to conduct clinical research with opportunity to engage patients. The general psycho-physical well-being score suggested as simple, applicable PROMs to be eventually combined procedure-specific, disease-specific, or symptom-specific PROMs if needed.
“I Want to Speak to a White Person”: Daily Microaggressions and Resilient Leadership
Authors: Cyr Daron , Weiner Jennie , Burton Laura
Published: March 2021

This case study blends the accounts of 10 Black women who engaged in a research study on their experiences of microaggressions when serving as school leaders, to tell the story of one Black female principal in a mostly White suburban district. We describe the ways the environment enabled and perpetuated gendered racist incidents at multiple levels and detail some of the microaggressions affecting her career path, leadership, and community interactions, as well as the ways she overcomes these obstacles and persists. We contextualize this narrative in the literature around gender, race, and school leadership, in studies of gendered racism, and finally in White allyship scholarship. We conclude by posing questions around whose responsibility it is to address these issues, and the structural changes necessary to do so.
Citizens, Research Ethics Committee Members and Researchers’ Attitude Toward Information and Consent for the Secondary Use of Health Data: Implications for Research Within Learning Health Systems
Authors: Cumyn Annabelle , Dault Roxanne , Barton Adrien , Cloutier Anne-Marie , Ethier Jean-François
Published: March 2021

A survey was conducted to assess citizens, research ethics committee members, and researchers’ attitude toward information and consent for the secondary use of health data for research within learning health systems (LHSs). Results show that the reuse of health data for research to advance knowledge and improve care is valued by all parties; consent regarding health data reuse for research has fundamental importance particularly to citizens; and all respondents deemed important the existence of a secure website to support the information and consent processes. This survey was part of a larger project that aims at exploring public perspectives on alternate approaches to the current consent models for health data reuse to take into consideration the unique features of LHSs. The revised model will need to ensure that citizens are given the opportunity to be better informed about upcoming research and have their say, when possible, in the use of their data.
A DNA Damage-Repair Dynamic Model for HRS/IRR Effects of C.elegans Induced by Neutron Irradiation
Authors: Feng Guangyan , Zhang Lianxin , Yang Zhanguo , Zhang Yong , Zhang Siwei , Li Taosheng , Xu Zhao
Published: March 2021

Neutron irradiation which could trigger severe biological effects, is being applied in nuclear plants, radiotherapy, and aerospace gradually. Low dose hyper-radiosensitivity response of low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) irradiation on the cell survival has become a matter of great interest since its discovery, but a few research have been done on this response induced by neutron irradiation. To investigate this response induced by neutron irradiation, Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans) was irradiated by neutron irradiation. The surviving fraction of C. elegans on the 12th day after irradiation was analyzed, which showed a hyper-radiosensitive response at low doses and followed by an increase in survival fraction at slightly higher doses. The finding of this work that neutron irradiation decreased the surviving fraction in a non-dose-dependent manner was different from previous low-LET irradiation studies. To understand the experimental results, a DNA damage-repair model was introduced. By comparing experimental results with theoretical analyses, we suggest that the low dose hyper-radiosensitivity response of neutron irradiation may possible related to different radiation types and DNA damage recognition proteins and immune system of C. elegans.
Practical method for the fast generation of a CAM model for jet engine parts
Authors: Kim Byung Chul , Song Ilhwan , Mun Duhwan
Published: March 2021

Manufacturers of machine parts operate computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools to produce parts precisely and accurately. They build computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) models using CAM software to generate code to control these machines from computer-aided design (CAD) models. However, creating a CAM model from CAD models is time-consuming, and is prone to errors because machining operations and their sequences are defined manually. To generate CAM models automatically, feature recognition methods have been studied for a long time. However, since the recognition range is limited, it is challenging to apply the feature recognition methods to parts having a complicated shape such as jet engine parts. Alternatively, this study proposes a practical method for the fast generation of a CAM model from CAD models using shape search. In the proposed method, when an operator selects one machining operation as a source machining operation, shapes having the same machining features are searched in the part, and the source machining operation is copied to the locations of the searched shapes. This is a semi-automatic method, but it can generate CAM models quickly and accurately when there are many identical shapes to be machined. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method through experiments on an engine block and a jet engine compressor case.
Automobile tire life prediction based on image processing and machine learning technology
Authors: Zhu Jianchen , Han Kaixin , Wang Shenlong
Published: March 2021

With economic growth, automobiles have become an irreplaceable means of transportation and travel. Tires are important parts of automobiles, and their wear causes a large number of traffic accidents. Therefore, predicting tire life has become one of the key factors determining vehicle safety. This paper presents a tire life prediction method based on image processing and machine learning. We first build an original image database as the initial sample. Since there are usually only a few sample image libraries in engineering practice, we propose a new image feature extraction and expression method that shows excellent performance for a small sample database. We extract the texture features of the tire image by using the gray-gradient co-occurrence matrix (GGCM) and the Gauss-Markov random field (GMRF), and classify the extracted features by using the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. We then conduct experiments and predict the wear life of automobile tires. The experimental results are estimated by using the mean average precision (MAP) and confusion matrix as evaluation criteria. Finally, we verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method for predicting tire life. The obtained results are expected to be used for real-time prediction of tire life, thereby reducing tire-related traffic accidents.
Intelligent vehicle lane change trajectory control algorithm based on weight coefficient adaptive adjustment
Authors: Wang Junnian , Teng Fei , Li Jing , Zang Liguo , Fan Tianxin , Zhang Jiaxu , Wang Xingyu
Published: March 2021

In order to improve the trajectory smoothness and the accuracy of lane change control, an adaptive control algorithm based on weight coefficient was proposed. According to lane change trajectory constraint conditions, the sixth-order polynomial lane change trajectory applied to intelligent vehicles was constructed. Based on the vehicle model and the model predictive control theory, the time-varying linear variable path vehicle predictive model was derived by combining soft constraint of the side slip angle. Combined with fuzzy control algorithm, the weight coefficient of the deviation of the lateral displacement was dynamically adjusted. Finally, the FMPC (model predictive controller based on fuzzy control) and MPC controller were compared and analyzed by co-simulation of CarSim and Simulink under different speeds. The simulation results show that the designed FMPC controller can track the lane change trajectory better, and the controller has better robustness when the vehicle changes lanes at different speeds.
Rituximab in the treatment of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: a review of case reports and case series
Authors: Xiong Anji , Yang Guancui , Song Zhuoyao , Xiong Chen , Liu Deng , Shuai Yu , He Linqian , Zhang Liangwen , Guo Zepeng , Shuai Shiquan
Published: March 2021

Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a group of immune-related myopathies characterized by progressive proximal muscle weakness, extremely high serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, and necrotic muscle fibers with a relative lack of inflammation. Treatment of IMNM is challenging, with most cases refractory to high-dose steroids in combination with multiple immunotherapies. The role of rituximab (RTX) for IMNM has been explored in isolated case reports and small series. The aim of this article was to perform a literature review of patients with IMNM treated with RTX and to evaluate RTX efficacy and safety. A total of 34 patients with IMNM were reviewed: 52.9% (18/34) with anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) antibodies and 47.1% (16/34) with anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) antibodies. Patient age at onset varied from 11 years to 81 years (mean 41 years). The majority of patients presented as a severe proximal muscle weakness and the peak level of CK varied from 3900 IU/L to 56,000 IU/L (mean 18,440 IU/L). Prior to RTX administration, all patients were treated with high-dose steroids and most were treated with multiple immunotherapies. The reason for initiating RTX was that 64.7% (22/34) of patients showed no improvement after previous treatments, and 35.3% (12/34) of patients relapsed when attempting to wean steroids or other immunosuppressive agents. With regard to RTX efficacy, 61.8% (21/34) of patients presented a response to RTX.

Our data may support the use of RTX as an effective treatment strategy against IMNM resistant to steroids and multiple immunotherapies. Meanwhile, RTX as a first-line therapy could be a choice in IMNM, particularly in African Americans with anti-SRP antibody-positive subsets. ANA, antinuclear antibody; CK, creatine kinase; HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; IMNM, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy; MAC, membrane attack complex; MHC-I, major histocompatibility complex-I; RTX, rituximab; SRP, signal recognition particle.
Impact of sarcopenia on rehabilitation outcomes after total knee replacement in older adults with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Liao Chun-De , Chen Hung-Chou , Huang Shih-Wei , Liou Tsan-Hon
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia, and aging-related muscle deterioration continues after total knee replacement (TKR). Low skeletal muscle mass index may influence postoperative rehabilitation outcomes. Through this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of preoperative sarcopenia on clinical outcomes after postoperative rehabilitation in older Asian adults.

Methods:

A total of 190 older adults (39 men, 151 women) were enrolled from two previous trials and were classified as having no sarcopenia, class I sarcopenia, or class II sarcopenia according to definitions provided by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). All patients were retrospectively analyzed before (T0) and after (T1) TKR rehabilitation and 10 months after surgery (T2). The outcome measures included the timed up-and-go test (TUGT), gait speed (GS), timed chair rise (TCR), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and physical difficulty (WOMAC-PF). With patient characteristics and T0 scores as covariates, an analysis of variance was performed to identify intergroup differences in changes of all outcome measures at T1 and T2.

Results:

According to the definitions of both the AWGS and EWGSOP, patients with class I and class II sarcopenia exhibited minor changes in TUGT, GS, TCR, and WOMAC-PF at T1 and T2 (all p < 0.05), compared with those without sarcopenia. For patients classified as having sarcopenia based on AWGS and EWGSOP definitions, no significant intergroup differences in WOMAC pain score was observed at T1 or T2 (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Sarcopenia independently had negative impacts on the treatment effects of rehabilitation on physical mobility but not on pain outcome after TKR in older adults with KOA.
Measuring Repurchase Decisions by Accelerating Repurchase Behavior
Authors: Dong Songting , Zhao Ping , Zou Deqiang
Published: March 2021

Repurchase intention questions are routinely used in marketing research and practices to measure consumers’ repurchase decisions. They are easy to use but suffer from a few biases and weak predictive power. This article identifies three biases, namely, projection bias, lack-of-context bias, and hypothetical bias. A new method, repurchase acceleration (RA), is proposed targeting these biases. In RA, researchers buy back respondents’ currently owned products to ensure they are in the market, provide them with a representative choice set to mimic the repurchase market context, and attach real-life consequences to mimic the incentives in their real-life repurchases. An empirical study demonstrates that RA predicts significantly better than repurchase intention models and captures more than 3 times as much information as the best repurchase intention model does. We recommend that RA is used for high-value, long purchase-cycle products for a precise measure of consumers’ repurchase decisions for high-stake marketing decisions.
Digital Readiness and Acceptance of Mobile Advertising
Authors: Ashari Nasution Reza , Arnita Devi , Fatimah Azzahra Dwine
Published: March 2021

Current research suggests that individual readiness toward technology plays a significant factor in the acceptance of technology products and applications. However, the current measure of technology readiness is too general to be applicable to digital technologies and the accompanying disruption and lifestyle changes. We offer digital readiness that consists of attitudinal and action digital readiness as a specific measure of individual readiness toward digital technology. We tested the influence of both attitudinal and action digital readiness toward the acceptance of mobile advertising among 162 millennials aged between 17 and 24 years in Indonesia. The results show that digital readiness has a significant influence on the acceptance of mobile advertising among millennials. We contribute to the theory of the acceptance of digital mobile advertising by employing digital readiness within the technology acceptance model (TAM) model. Our managerial implications highlight mobile advertising strategies for targeting millennials.
Conceptualizing Self-control on Problematic Social Media Use
Authors: Zahrai Kseniia , Veer Ekant , Ballantine Paul William , Peter de Vries Huibert
Published: March 2021

With increasing concerns about problematic social media use, self-control is expected to become an effective approach for excessive users to decrease possible harm for their well-being. This article explores the current literature on the conceptualization of self-control on social media. For this, 25 papers from seven academic databases were analyzed in the chronological order in a systematic literature review. The sequence of applied frameworks demonstrates a gradual switch from theories of planned behavior to theories justifying non-planned behavior and self-control failures. This finding explains the emphasis of recent studies on the impulsive behavior of excessive social media users and the application of dual-system theories. However, research design of selected articles included mainly self-report tools to investigate impulsive self-control failures which may result in contradictory findings and deficient theoretical grounding for self-control interventions. All investigated papers claim a negative impact of social media self-control failures on personal well-being.
Evaluations for New Healthcare Environment Commissioning and Operational Decision Making Using Simulation and Human Factors: A Case Study of an Interventional Trauma Operating Room
Authors: Dubé Mirette , Laberge Jason , Sigalet Elaine , Shultz Jonas , Vis Christine , Ball Chad G. , Kirkpatrick Andrew , Biesbroek Susan
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this article is to provide a case study example of the preopening phase of an interventional trauma operating room (ITOR) using systems-focused simulation and human factor evaluations for healthcare environment commissioning.

Background:

Systems-focused simulation, underpinned by human factors science, is increasingly being used as a quality improvement tool to test and evaluate healthcare spaces with the stakeholders that use them. Purposeful real-to-life simulated events are rehearsed to allow healthcare teams opportunity to identify what is working well and what needs improvement within the work system such as tasks, environments, and processes that support the delivery of healthcare services. This project highlights salient evaluation objectives and methods used within the clinical commissioning phase of one of the first ITORs in Canada.

Methods:

A multistaged evaluation project to support clinical commissioning was facilitated engaging 24 stakeholder groups. Key evaluation objectives highlighted include the evaluation of two transport routes, switching of operating room (OR) tabletops, the use of the C-arm, and timely access to lead in the OR. Multiple evaluation methods were used including observation, debriefing, time-based metrics, distance wheel metrics, equipment adjustment counts, and other transport route considerations.

Results:

The evaluation resulted in several types of data that allowed for informed decision making for the most effective, efficient, and safest transport route for an exsanguinating trauma patient and healthcare team; improved efficiencies in use of the C-arm, significantly reduced the time to access lead; and uncovered a new process for switching OR tabletop due to safety threats identified.
Resumption of Sport at the United States Olympic and Paralympic Training Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shah Ankit B. , Nabhan Dustin , Chapman Robert , Chiampas George , Drezner Jonathan , Olin J. Tod , Taylor David , Finnoff Jonathan T. , Baggish Aaron L.
Published: March 2021

In this brief report, we describe the safety of reopening US Olympic and Paralympic Training facilities (USOPTFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from July 2020 through October 2020. We evaluated the prevalence of COVID-19 infection at the time of reentry and cardiopulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 in elite athletes. All athletes returning to a USOPTF were required to go through a reentry protocol consisting of an electronic health history, a 6-day quarantine including twice-daily symptom surveys, COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction and antibody testing, physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, and pulmonary function testing. Athletes with current or prior COVID-19 infection also underwent an echocardiogram, cardiology consultation, and additional testing as indicated. All athletes followed rigorous infection prevention measures and minimized contact with the outside community following reentry. At the time of this report, 301 athletes completed the reentry protocol among which 14 (4.7%) tested positive for active (positive polymerase chain reaction test, n = 3) or prior (positive antibody test, n = 11) COVID-19 infection. During the study period, this cohort accrued 14,916 days living and training at USOPTFs. Only one (0.3%) athlete was subsequently diagnosed with a new COVID-19 infection. No cardiopulmonary pathology attributable to COVID-19 was detected. Our findings suggest that residential elite athlete training facilities can successfully resume activity during the COVID-19 pandemic when strict reentry and infection prevention measures are followed. Dissemination of our reentry quarantine and screening protocols with COVID-19 mitigation measures may assist the global sports and medical community develop best practices for reopening of similar training centers.
Engels on women, the family, class and gender
Authors: McGregor Sheila Margaret
Published: March 2021

This article looks at Engels’s writings to show that his ideas about the role of labour in the evolution of human beings in a dialectical relationship between human beings and nature is a crucial starting point for understanding human society and is correct in its essentials. It is important for understanding that we developed as a species on the basis of social cooperation. The way human beings produce and reproduce themselves, the method of historical materialism, provides the basis for understanding how class and women’s oppression arose and how that can explain LGBTQ oppression. Although Engels’s analysis was once widely accepted by the socialist movement, it has mainly been ignored or opposed by academic researchers and others, including geographers, and more recently by Marxist feminists. However, anthropological research from the 1960s and 1970s as well as more recent anthropological and archaeological research provide overwhelming evidence for the validity of Engels’s argument that there were egalitarian, pre-class societies without women’s oppression. However, much remains to be explained about the transition to class societies. Engels’s analysis of the impact of industrial capitalism on gender roles shows how society shapes our behaviour. Engels’s method needs to be constantly reasserted against those who would argue that we are a competitive, aggressive species who require rules to suppress our true nature, and that social development is driven by ideas, not by changes in the way we produce and reproduce ourselves.
Does an online professional profile violate an employer’s confidentiality?
Authors: Mangan David
Published: March 2021

The ECtHR’s decision in Herbai v Hungary focuses on freedom of expression. However, there is a larger issue that touches upon the overlap of employment obligations and professional engagement.
Advances and caveats in modern achalasia management
Authors: Pesce Marcella , Sweis Rami
Published: March 2021

Achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder characterized by the incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and impaired peristaltic activity. The advent of high-resolution manometry (HRM) and the rapidly evolving role of therapeutic endoscopy have revolutionized the approach to the diagnosis and management of achalasia patients in the last decade. With advances in HRM technology and methodology, fluoroscopy and EndoFlip, achalasia can be differentiated into therapeutically meaningful phenotypes with a high degree of accuracy. Further, the newest treatment option, per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), has become a staple therapy following the last 10 years of experience, and recent randomized trials appear to show no difference between POEM, graded pneumatic dilatation and surgical Heller myotomy in terms of short- and long-term efficacy or complication rate. On the other hand, how treatment outcomes are measured as well as the risk of reflux following therapy remain areas of contention. This review aims to summarize the recent advancements in achalasia testing and therapy, describes the recent randomized clinical trials as well as their potential setbacks, and touches on the future of personalizing achalasia treatment.
Brazil is my cousin, the U.S. has parks: Children’s construction of Brazil and the United States in a bilingual education program
Authors: Lima Becker Mariana , Oliveira Gabrielle , Alex Virginia
Published: March 2021

Drawing from a 3-year ethnographic project in one elementary school in the United States, this article examines how a group of 43 first graders perceived and constructed Brazil and the U.S. during a drawing and writing activity in their bilingual (Portuguese-English) classroom. The majority of the participating children (81.4%) either migrated from Brazil to the U.S. or were born in the U.S. of Brazilian parents. Data analysis reveals that Brazil was frequently portrayed as an idyllic landscape that included several relatives and friends and a range of activities with loved ones, while the U.S. involved immediate family members, material goods, and places for leisure. Grounded in a relational understanding of place and placemaking, we argue that the children engaged in a range of place-based moves to construct Brazil and the United States during the activity. These acts of placemaking included evocations of transnational memories, ongoing activities and aspirations, social relationships, and local institutional expectations, particularly the school curriculum and teachers’ discourse about Brazil. The findings suggest that immigrant children’s construction of place is multifaceted, dynamic, and situated.
The power of terrain: The affective materiality of planet Earth in the age of revolution
Authors: Gordillo Gastón
Published: March 2021

This commentary analyzes Stuart Elden’s contributions to a theory of terrain and proposes to further politicize them through a bodily, materialist, and non-anthropocentric examination of the severity of the climate crisis and of the ways in which grassroots movements struggling for radical change are empowered by their engagement with terrain. In particular, I argue in dialogue with Elden that this perspective requires an affective and non-Eurocentric examination of ‘the power of terrain’: that is, the irreducible capacity of the terrain of planet Earth, on the one hand, to severely disrupt human places and territories amid global warming and, on the other, to facilitate collective mobilizations for social, climate, gender, and racial justice.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 on health workers in Ghana: A multicentre, cross-sectional study
Authors: Ofori Anthony Amanfo , Osarfo Joseph , Agbeno Evans Kofi , Manu Dominic Owusu , Amoah Elsie
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacted an appreciable burden on health systems globally including adverse psychological impacts on health workers. This study sought to assess COVID-19-related fear, depression, anxiety and stress among hospital staff, potential factors that may help reduce its psychological effects and their personal coping strategies. The study will help to highlight the psychological impact of COVID-19 on Ghanaian health workers and indirectly serve as a needs assessment survey for input to support affected staff and the broader health system.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among health workers in three hospitals in the Ashanti Region of Ghana from 11 July 2020 to 12 August 2020. Demographic data and scores from the validated DASS-21 and Fear of COVID-19 scales and two other scales developed de novo were entered from 272 self-administered questionnaires and analyzed for means, frequencies and proportions. Fisher’s exact test analysis was done to ascertain associations between selected independent variables and depression, anxiety, stress and fear. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare the mean and median scores of the outcome variables across the three study hospitals.

Results and conclusion:

Over 40% of respondents had fear while 21.1%, 27.8% and 8.2% had depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. Positive attitudes from colleagues and the government’s tax-free salary relief were some factors said to reduce the psychological effects while over half of participants indicated praying more often as a coping strategy. There is a need for the health system to recognize the presence of these adverse psychological effects in health workers and take pragmatic steps to address them.
Knowledge of obstetric danger signs and associated factors among pregnant women in Wolaita Sodo town, South Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Bolanko Alemu , Namo Hussen , Minsamo Kirubel , Addisu Nigatu , Gebre Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Obstetric complications continue to be the major causes of maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Knowledge of women toward obstetric danger signs is an important part of improving maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the reported level of knowledge on obstetric danger signs is low and inconsistent.

Methods:

Community-based cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected from randomly selected 740 pregnant women. A pregnant woman said to have good knowledge of obstetric danger signs if she spontaneously mentioned at least two of the danger signs during each of the three periods (pregnancy, labor/childbirth, and postpartum) and otherwise said to have poor knowledge of obstetric danger signs. Adjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence interval and a value of p < 0.05 were used to identify the predictors.

Results:

A total of 740 pregnant women participated in the study with the response rate of 97.5%. One hundred twenty-four (16.8%) of the respondents were knowledgeable about obstetric danger signs. According to our study, age range of 20–24 years (adjusted odds ratio = 6, confidence interval: 2.67–17.44) and 25–29 years old (adjusted odds ratio = 2.4, confidence interval: 1.14–5.10); being housewife (adjusted odds ratio = 0.5, confidence interval: 0.28–0.87); monthly income of ⩽1000ETB (adjusted odds ratio = 0.24, confidence interval: 0.12–0.46) and 1001-2500ETB (adjusted odds ratio = 0.24, confidence interval: 0.12–0.47); and primigravida (adjusted odds ratio = 0.09, confidence interval: 0.04–0.18) and primipara (adjusted odds ratio = 0.15, confidence interval: 0.07–0.30) were factors significantly associated with knowledge of obstetric danger signs.

Conclusion:

Knowledge of obstetric danger signs among pregnant women was low. Maternal age, average monthly income, maternal occupation, parity, and gravidity were factors significantly associated with the knowledge of obstetric danger signs.
Bladder perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm: The importance of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of an unusual neoplasm
Authors: De Noon Solange , Ayres Benjamin , Patel Uday , Issa Rami , Ho-Yen Colan Maxwell
Published: March 2021

Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms represent a group of uncommon mesenchymal tumours with as yet undiscovered benign counterpart. Although perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms have been described arising in most organ systems as well as in soft tissue and bone, only a small number of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms have been reported in the bladder. To date, there is no agreed system for predicting the behaviour of these tumours. We describe a case of a perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm of the bladder arising in a 57-year-old male and initially diagnosed on biopsy and present a review of the literature focussing on the pathological differential diagnosis and the importance of key histological features in conjunction with a broad immunohistochemical panel. This case report highlights the key features of bladder perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms that distinguishes these rare neoplasms from other bladder lesions.
Recurrent ear bleed with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss: A case of Munchausen syndrome
Authors: Adhikari Tika Ram , Dorji Thinley
Published: March 2021

Factitious disorders and Munchausen syndromes present with history and physical symptoms to all specialties, and they are often extensively evaluated. Diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome is a challenge and patients often do not receive the correct diagnosis and appropriate care especially in settings where access to mental health professionals is difficult. We present a case of recurrent bleed from the right ear, bilateral profound hearing loss and jerky movement of limbs that was extensively evaluated and followed up for 4 years until a diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome was reached. This case reports the risk of harm to the patient and wastage of healthcare resources unless physicians begin to actively evaluate for factitious disorders.
Bibliometric analysis of the top 100 cited articles in head and neck radiology
Authors: Oo Aye MM , Chu Timothy SM
Published: March 2021

Background

Bibliometric analysis is commonly used to identify influential research within a given topic.

Purpose

To identify the 100 top-cited articles in head and neck radiology, analyse the history and trends in head and neck imaging research, and understand what constitutes a highly cited work.

Material and Methods

A literature search was performed on the Thomson Reuters Web of Science using pre-defined search terms. The results were ranked according to citation count and screened to create a single database. The information included in the database were: Web of Science citations, year published, first author, primary institution, country of origin, journal, journal impact factor, title, study design, study focus and modality.

Results

24,664 eligible papers were returned. Citations for the 100 top-cited articles ranged from 115 to 1185, and citations per year ranged from 3.5 to 197.5. More than half of the articles were published in the 2000s ( n = 67). Radiology has the greatest number of publications ( n = 22), followed by Journal of Nuclear Medicine ( n = 14). Positron Emission Tomography ( n = 56) was the most commonly studied modality, followed by Magnetic Resonance ( n = 40) and Computed Tomography ( n = 31). The most common topics of publication were diagnosis ( n = 63), followed by prognosis ( n = 16).

Conclusion

This study provides insights into the most influential research in head and neck radiology in the current time. It also serves as a guide to the characteristics of a highly cited work in this field.
CD47 is highly expressed in gliomas and targeting CD47 is a promising therapeutic strategy
Authors: Yang Jiaying , Yao Yongjun , Tong Li , Zhu Ziwei , Wang Lei , Yang Jinju
Published: March 2021

Gliomas are very malignant brain tumors that are difficult to treat. CD47 is an antiphagocytic molecule that binds to SIPRα on phagocytes. It is overexpressed on the plasma membranes of multiple human tumor cell types and is an important diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in many types of cancer. However, the association between CD47 protein expression in glioma tissue and clinicopathological stage has not been investigated in detail. A total of 80 surgical glioma specimens were stained with anti-CD47 antibody to assess the relationship between CD47 protein expression and clinicopathological stage of the glioma. Wound healing assays were performed to analyze the influence of CD47 on the migration and invasion of glioma cells, and near-infrared fluorescence localization assays in a U-87 MG-bearing xenograft model were used to determine the distribution of anti-CD47 antibody in vivo. MTT assays and administration of anti-CD47 to a U251-bearing xenograft model were used to analyze the inhibitory effects of the antibody on gliomas. CD47 expression was higher in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade gliomas, and high CD47 expression was positively correlated with histology and tumor clinicopathological stage. CD47 over-expression promoted the growth and motility of two glioma cell lines (U-87 MG and U251) and a laboratory-developed anti-CD47 antibody accumulated at the glioma site. Proliferation of U251 and U-87 MG cells was not significantly inhibited by the anti-CD47 antibody in vitro, but the antibody significantly inhibited U251 growth in vivo. It also enhanced inhibition capacity by Taxol. Our results suggest that CD47 plays a critical role in the progression of gliomas from stage I to IV and may be a potential target for the treatment of gliomas. CD47 appears to play a critical role in the progression of gliomas from stage I to IV and an anti-CD47 antibody prepared in the laboratory may inhibit the growth of gliomas.
Ability of a Risk Prediction Tool to Stratify Quality and Cost for Older Patients With Operative Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Adenikinju Abidemi , Ranson Rachel , Rettig Samantha A. , Egol Kenneth A. , Konda Sanjit R.
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Distal radius fractures are the second most common fracture in the elderly population. The incidence of these fractures has increased over time, and is projected to continue to do so. The aim of this study is to utilize a validated trauma risk prediction tool to stratify middle-aged and geriatric patients with operative distal radius fractures as well as compare hospital quality metrics and inpatient hospitalization costs among the risk groups.

Materials and Methods:

Patients were prospectively enrolled in an orthopedic trauma registry. The Score for Trauma Triage in Geriatric and Middle Aged (STTGMA) was calculated using patient demographics, injury severity, and functional status. Patients were then stratified into minimal-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk cohorts based on their scores. Length of stay, need for escalation of care, complications, mortality, discharge location, 1-year patient reported outcomes, and index admission costs were evaluated.

Results:

Ninety-two patients met inclusion criteria. Sixty-three (68.5%) patients were managed with outpatient surgery. The mean inpatient length of stay for the high-risk cohort was 2.9x and 2.2x higher than the minimal and moderate-risk cohorts, respectively (2.0 + 2.9 days vs. 0.7 + 0.9 and 0.9 + 1.1 days, P = .019). There were no complications or mortality in any of the risk groups. No patients required intensive care and all patients were discharged home. There was no difference in readmission rates, inpatient cost, or 1-year patient reported outcomes among the risk cohorts.

Discussion/Conclusions:

The Score for Trauma Triage in Geriatric and Middle-Aged is able to risk-stratify patients that undergo operative intervention of distal radius fractures. Middle aged and elderly patients with isolated closed distal radius fractures can be safely managed on an outpatient basis regardless of risk. Standardized pathways can be created in the management of these injuries, thereby optimizing value-based care.

Level of evidence:

Prognostic Level III
Alternative Models of Psychopathology: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology, Research Domain Criteria, Network Analysis, the Cambridge Model, and the Five-Factor Model
Authors: Widiger Thomas A.
Published: March 2021

Wilshire, Ward, and Clark (this issue, p. 323) critiqued the classification of psychopathology in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, offering as an alternative a “Cambridge model” that focuses on symptoms rather than syndromes. They compared their model with additional alternatives, such as the Research Domain Criteria, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology, and network analysis. In this commentary, I offer further comparisons, considering as well the five-factor model alternative to the DSM syndromal classification of personality disorder.