bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOLVING DYNAMIC PLANNING PROBLEMS ON THE BASIS OF GROUP DECISION METHODS
Authors:   International University of Information Technology, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Uskenbaeva R.K. , Kartbaev T.S. ,   МИА РК М. Almaty Academy Есбулатова, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Bayer Dietmar ,   University of Applied Sciences, Germany, Schmalkalden, Togzhanova K.O. ,   Almaty University of Power Engineering and Communications G. Daukeeva, Kazakhstan, Almaty. E-mail: togzhanova_kuljan@mail.ru
Published: December 2021

This article discusses problems based on group methods of decision-making based on a multimodal approach to solving the problems of dynamic planning of Smart City development. In particular, the main tool for decision-making in the process of dynamic planning is a system of models and methods, which are the basis for creating the structure of the dynamic plan, optimizing the plan and finding the desired solution. Collective decision-making methods are used in the collective development of planning decisions, including in the context of solving the problems of dynamic planning of Smart City development and group decision-making, which requires the agreed decisions of several specialists.
EVALUATION OF INDIVIDUAL WORK OF STUDENTS IN DISTANCE LEARNING BASED ON A DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL TRACK
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan. E-mail: Danka-0810@mail.ru, Begimbetova Guldana , Zauirbek Ultusyn ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Seitova Akbota ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: December 2021

The article considers the assessment of students' independent work in a distance learningon the basis of digital educational traces. Independent work in a mixed training can be performed on the online platform LMS, and the use of educational digital data allows you to study the specifics of student interaction with the course materials and the ability to solve the problem. For the assessment of time and the quality of independent work of students is determined by a set of criteria and indicators, selected quantitative metrics and offers a methodology that can be used to assess the progress of each student. The method includes algorithms for assessing the success of independent work on the basis of empirical data educational analytics. The developed algorithms allow to interpret the information on performance of independent work, to evaluate its success and to correct a trajectory of training of the student.
FROM THE PRACTICE OF APPLYING CRITERIA-BASED ASSESSMENT IN THE TEACHING OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AT SCHOOL
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Karymsakova A.Y. , Zakirova A.B. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. E-mail: akhassenova13@gmail.com, Khassenova A.Y. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to criteria-based assessment, which is currently the only system for monitoring and testing students' knowledge and skills. Also, the assessment of the new system of assessment is compared with the previous traditional system of assessment of knowledge in schools. Aims and objectives related to training, feedback and assessment have been written in the article. The purpose of criteria-based assessment is characterized as ensuring objectivity, reliability of information about students' learning outcomes. Information on the development of a high level of students' thinking has been provided. The article describes the stages of the transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the updated content of education, accompanied by the introduction of a new system of assessment. The updated content of knowledge includes research methods such as the analysis of formative and summative assessment, the role of criteria and descriptors in assessment. Observing and comparing, it can be said that the practical application of assessment criteria and assessment tools using Bloom's taxonomy, mind map, modern applications, test developers help to develop cognitive reading, creative and critical thinking.
SOCIOCULTURAL METHODOLOGY AS A THEORETICAL BASIS ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN SOCIETY
Authors:   Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Shormanbayeva D. , Ivlyeva Y. ,   Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Khmelnitskaya O. ,   Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Seydinova M. ,   Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: December 2021

This article attempts to explicate the socio-cultural aspect as a general methodological tool that will allow making an integral analysis of modern society. The possibility of using the methodological potential of the sociocultural approach to analyze the process of change in modern society, which is increasingly called informational and communicative, is considered. This concept of the information society functions and creates social ideals and values ​​that are widely discussed in the social and human sciences within the framework of a social and cultural approach. Analysis of the information society is a multidisciplinary field of research, and sociocultural analysis is designed to answer important questions: in what direction and for what purpose is the social situation developing and what is the axiological component of this process? The synthesizing nature of the sociocultural analysis of the information society shows the direction of predicting its subsequent advance, the search for new normative concepts that suggest the possibility of localizing this process in a socially desirable channel, while ignoring both excessive optimism and extreme pessimism.
THE ROLE OF "FAMILY AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS" IN LEGAL SOCIALIZATION OF YOUTH OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National pedagogical university, Kazakhstan. E-mail: zakon_ali_kz@mail.ru, Zhumagulov Meirbek
Published: December 2021

The proposed article describes the role, functions and competencies of families and educational institutions in the legal socialization of youth in Kazakhstan. Scientific works and opinions of self-experts were presented to determine the role of the family and educational institutions in the dissemination of legal education, legal education, legal protection, which is the main institution of modern legal education and legal socialization. Family and educational institutions act as the basis for legal education of young people. The main factor in informing young people about offenses and their prevention is the legal capacity of the family and school, university, which contributes to the formation of legal awareness, raising the level of legal culture. The main requirement for the legal education of young people through the family and educational institutions, the formation of a legal culture, the building of the state and civil society.
FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE KURDISH DIASPORA
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Nabiev Vakil
Published: December 2021

The article will focus on one of the oldest peoples of Western Asia of autochthonous origin, whose reliable historical existence in this region exceeds two and a half millennia. About the people who finally completed their ethnic consolidation in the V-VI centuries, having clearly expressed ethno-national characteristics. The territory of the main settlement of the Kurdish ethnic group, the language in different dialect forms, its own mentality and anthropological and ethnic characteristics, a peculiar and rich culture. Currently, Kurdistan is politically divided between Turkey, Iran and Iraq, whose state borders, passing through the territory inhabited by Kurds, converge approximately in the center of Kurdistan. At the same time, the article also focuses on controversial issues.
SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF STUDENT EDUCATIONAL MIGRATION
Authors:   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Shnarbekova М.К. , Kalmukhanbetova M.D. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
Published: December 2021

The article is aimed at identifying new trends in international and internal migration of Kazakhstani students based on the analysis of the results of a sociological study. The authors, paying special attention to foreign and domestic research within the framework of the topic, determine the need for an empirical study of the short-and long-term causes of international and internal migration of students in Kazakhstan.The article provides a qualitative analysis of statistical data on international and internal migration of Kazakhstani students, identifies the main causes of internal and external migration and a theoretical analysis of ways to prevent its negative consequences.
INTERACTION BETWEEN STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Muratova М.М. , Onuchko М. ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the international and Kazakhstani experience of building, regulation of relations between the state and civil society institutions, the definition of modern directions for the development of the third sector of Kazakhstan, as well as barriers and constraints that impede the transformation of relations between government bodies and non-profit organizations. In the framework of the study the experience of European states was taken, as countries that in historical perspective have the greatest experience in establishing relationships with the civil sector. On the basis of the study, the authors identified general tendencies that characterize the relations between the state and civil society, which are expressed in the strengthening of support for the third sector, the managerial and controlling functions of civil society institutions, as well as the replacement of some areas of activity of state bodies by non-governmental organizations.
EDUCATIONAL CONTENT AND CONSCIOUS SPIRITUALITY IN THE ANCIENT TURKISH EPOSES "ALYP BAMSY BATYR" AND "ALPAMYS BATYR"
Authors:   M.Kh. Dulati Taraz Regional University, Kazakhstan, Abdir K. , Nusupova A.Zh. ,   M.Kh. Dulati Taraz Regional University, Kazakhstan, Abdykhanova G.T. ,   M.Kh. Dulati Taraz Regional University, Kazakhstan
Published: December 2021

The article tells about the ancient Turkic epic "Alyp Bamsy". The epic was based on many ancient historical events that were not recorded in the science of Turkology. We believe that the source of the song "Alpamys batyr" may be "Alyp Bamsy". They say that from the very beginning of our country's history as a nation, we have withstood many tests. It seems that the historical continuity of the past and the present begins here. The ancient customs and traditions of our ancient people are reflected in the ancient epic. The analysis of the realities of life in this epic suggests that a great moment will come when our endangered or lost native culture will be reunited. The author of the article, as a Türkologist, was able to give an excellent assessment of the current issue.
DO CANCELAMENTO SOCIAL À PRÁTICA DO LOBBY NO BRASIL: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES JURÍDICAS
Authors: Miranda Thiago Alves , Santiago Marcelo Paar , Arbex Yasmin Juventino Alves
Published: December 2021

O referido artigo traz uma breve abordagem acerca da forma, muitas vezes, desprezada com que a prática do lobby é vista no Brasil. Mostra que em outros países essa atividade é vista como uma prática comum e muitas vezes acertada por parte de interesses diversos. o objetivo deste artigo é fornecer informações sobre temas e questões relacionadas a essas atividades e seu impacto na sociedade. No entanto, no Brasil ainda existe uma relutância quanto ao lobby devido às possibilidades de sua prática serem voltadas para a corrupção ou interesses políticos que podem resultar em transtornos para o país ao invés de benefícios. Os resultados identificaram que o lobby ainda está muito longe de ser visto como uma atividade benéfica, restando, na atualidade apenas um pré-conceito gerado por parte da sociedade. O estudo foi feito por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva de cunho bibliográfico.
TRABALHO INTEGRALIZADOR MULTIDISCIPLINAR RELACIONADO À INFRAESTRUTURA DE MICRODRENAGEM URBANA, EM UMA DAS SUB-BACIAS DO CÓRREGO OLHOS D´ÁGUA, NO MUNICÍPIO DE DIVINÓPOLIS – MG
Authors: Oliveira Elvis Caetano , Pinto Gabriel Cabral , Ferreira Gregory Dias , Freire Igor Macedo , Castro Wesley Jonathan Ferreira , Vasconcelos Ivana Prado de , Silva Thaís Prado Vasconcelos , Silva Alessandro Leonardo da , Gontijo Marcelo Robert Fonseca
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho compõe parte do Trabalho Integralizador Multidisciplinar, proposto pelo curso de Engenharia Civil da Universidade Estadual de Minas Gerais, unidade de Divinópolis/MG. Teve por objetivo diagnosticar a apresentar propostas para a melhoria da infraestrutura de drenagem urbana, em uma das sub-bacias do córrego Olhos d’água, no município de Divinópolis/MG. A sub-bacia apresenta uma área de 453.197,9 m², está localizada nos bairros Chanador, Jardim Belvedere II e Bela Vista e apresenta uma ocupação que equivale a 43% da sua área total. Verificaram-se problemas de relacionados à ineficiência de manutenção e limpeza nas bocas de lobo, ausência de cadastro das galerias pluviais e intervenções pelos proprietários das edificações no funcionamento das sarjetas. A partir do diagnóstico foram apresentadas propostas a partir de medidas estruturais e não estruturais, com base nas diretrizes para a drenagem urbana dos municípios de Curitiba/PR e Belo Horizonte/MG.
An Uphill Battle: Academic Librarians and the Barriers to Scholarship
Authors: Dufour Chloe
Published: December 2021

Some academic librarians within Pennsylvania and across the United States have been granted faculty status by their institutions. With this status comes the expectation that librarians will contribute scholarship to their discipline. However, with many librarians holding only a master’s degree, there is the likelihood that they lack the requisite skills to engage in research. On top of this, multiple studies have shown that librarians feel they lack the time to pursue scholarship on top of their typical job duties. This commentary discusses how these barriers create stress for librarians, hurts their scholarly pursuits, and how the current culture in academia may play a role in it.
Noteworthy: News Briefs from PA Libraries
Authors: Jansen Annie
Published: December 2021

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Table of Contents
Authors: McGeary Bryan James
Published: December 2021

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ENDÜLÜS AGRONOMİ OKULUNDAN ZİRAATÇİ BİR HEKİM ABDURAHMAN İBNİ VAFİD’İN MECMŪ‘ FĪ ’L-FİLĀHA (TRADATO DE AGRICULTURA) ESERİNDE ZEYTİN İŞLEME TEKNOLOJİSİ
Authors: DIRAMAN Harun , ULAS Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Hekim kimliğinin yanında, botanikçi ve eczacı (farmakolojist) olarak bilim tarihinde seçkin bir yere sahip olan Abdurahman İbni Vafid 998 (1008) – 1074 (Toledo, İspanya); aynı zamanda taşıdığı agronomist (tarım bilimci) faaliyetleri ile Endülüs Agronomi Okulu’nun anahtar şahsiyetlerinden biridir. Orta Çağ Avrupası’nda Abenguefith adıyla da bilinen bu zat, tarım alanında da Mecmū‘ fī ’l-filāḥa (Ziraat hakkında Bir Doküman) adıyla bir eser yazmış olup, maalesef bu eserin tam Arapça orijinali kayıptır. Bu kitabın İspanyolca (Castellano) tercümesi Tradato de Agricultura adı altında Alfonso X El Sabio (1252-1284) hükümdarlığı döneminde yapılmıştır. Bu İspanyolca metin 1997 yılında İspanya’daki Malaga Üniversitesinde C. Caudrado Romero (Felsefe ve Edebiyat Fakültesi, Dilbilimi Bölümü) tarafından gerekli notlar ilave edilmek suretiyle yayınlanmıştır. Bu makalede, adı geçen bu basılı metinin zeytinyağı ve sofralık zeytin üretimini (tarımsal teknoloji) içeren mevcut 73. bölümü ele alınmıştır. Mevcut yazmaya göre zeytin teknolojisine ilişkin konular iki ana başlık: 1. Kötü kokulu (tortulu) zeytinyağının iyileştirilmesi [tuz, ısıtma ve yaprak kullanımı] ve 2. Yemeklik (Sofralık) zeytin üretimi [salamura ve yuvarlama/sele]) altında incelemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geçmişten geleceğe uzanan zeytincilik kültürünün köklerine ait ve bilim tarihinde de seçkin bir yere sahip olan Müslüman İspanya’dan (Endülüs) gelen en eski yazılı tarım kaynaklarından biri hakkında Türk bilim camiasına bilgi vermektir. Orta Çağ’da yazılan bu zirai eser, helal bir gıda kaynağı olarak natürel zeytinyağının kalitesinin korunması ve ayrıca muhtemel hile ve tağşişlere karşı dikkate değer bilgileri kapsamaktadır.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The Most Common And Lethal Form Of Motor Neuron Disease-a Case Report From Middle East
Authors: Nizamani Waseem Mehmood , Jesrani Ameet , Khan Mujtaba , Tlili Kalthoum , Khuraish Nader Al , Arain Kashaf Anwar
Published: December 2021

A neurodegenerative disorder which is fatal, rapidly progressive and has no effective treatment till date is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Almost 90% of all cases occur in the sporadic form, with the rest occurring in the familial form. It is a devastating disease leading to death within 3-5 years in most cases. The diagnosis of AML is difficult to made in spite of acknowledgment for 140 years. It is diagnosed by clinical presentation which is a combination of upper and lower motor neuron signs and electro diagnostic studies which gives information about diffuse motor axonal injury. This neurodegenerative disorder results in degeneration of corticospinal tracts and anterior horn cells and involving motor neurons of the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. There are a variable signs and symptoms of this disease, so the diagnosis is very important for the management and better outcome of the patients. Cause of death in these patients is usually respiratory failure
Evaluation Of Findings On Imaging Of Brain In Children With First Recognized Episode Of Fits-Experience At Tertiary Care Hospital Of Quetta
Authors: Gul Pari , Jesrani Ameet , Gul Palwasha , Khan Nida Amin
Published: December 2021

Objective: To evaluate various causes of fits in children on MRI presenting in Tertiary Care Hospital, Quetta. Study Design and Setting: A Cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Radiology, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta from October 2017 to March 2018. Methodology: A total of 100 children aged 06 months to 13 years were included in the study who presented with seizures to emergency department and neuro clinics. Information obtained from history, clinical examination and MRI brains were recorded. The data was analyzed in SPSS 20. Results: Among the total 100 children, MRI examination was unremarkable in 45% (n=45). Neoplastic lesions were the second most common abnormal MRI finding and constituted 10% (n=10). Perinatal ischemia and Periventricular leucomalacia were recorded in 9% (n=9). Congenital aqueductal stenosis in 9% (n=9), along with Encephalitis/Meningitis also in 8% (n=8). Brain atrophy was noted in 6% (n=6). Three cases each of Vascular and Post traumatic changes/gliosis (n=6, 6%) and one case of each of Hydrocephalus/Aqueductal stenosis, Infarct, Malformation of cortical development, Leucodystrophy, Agenesis of corpus callosum, Arachnoid cyst and Hydatid cyst (n=7, 7%) Conclusion: Brain magnetic resonance imaging was successful in detecting structural abnormalities and it can be trusted to detect seizure foci in pediatric patients.
Role of Vitamin E as a Preventive measure Against Platelet Aggregation In Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Aamir Kausar , Abid Fatima , Azhar Arfa
Published: December 2021

Objective: To correlate the preventive role of vitamin E levels and platelet count in patients with different grades of pregnancy induced hypertension. The secondary objective was to compare these grades with normal pregnant patients. Study Design and Setting: This study was conducted in Obstetric OPD of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, from April 2002 through April 2004. Methodology: The study group included 110 patients divided in three groups as Group A: n=40 Normotensive patients, Group B: n=40 Mild hypertensive (test group I), Group C: n=30 Severe hypertensive (test group II). All women were advised not to take any multivitamin supplements. Result: Serum alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) was significantly low in severe and mild cases (0.32±0.00 mg/dl, 0.74±0.03 mg/dl respectively), when compared with normal pregnant women levels (0.78±0.040). The decreased platelet count (246820±1493.51) in mild cases and (135460±387.2) in severe cases was significant (P<0.01) as compared to the normal pregnant women (348000±574.35). The decrease platelet count values for severe cases were again significant (P<0.01) when compared with mild cases of PIH. Conclusion: In patients with risk of preeclampsia adequate antioxidant nutrients may have a role in cessation of free radicalmediated cell disturbances, and thereby protecting against endothelial cell damage, which is the key factor in preeclampsia development
Emergence And Management Of Muti-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Intensive-Care Unit
Authors: Nadeem Saman , Hanif Faisal , Taj Yasmeen , Yousuf Sana , Zehra Nadia Midhat , Asghar Pervaiz
Published: December 2021

Objective: To evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its prevalence from samples received from Intensive Care Units (adult and neonatal) at PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi. Study Design and Setting: This cross sectional study was carried out at PNS SHIFA hospital. Methodology: Samples including blood, pus, wound swab, sputum and endobronchial washing were received for culture and sensitivity. Isolates were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer and broth microdilution and then analyzed on SPSS version 23.Results were confirmed by VITEK 2. Results: Out of 674 positive clinical specimens 97(14.39%) were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth. The most susceptible antibiotic against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was Polymixin b (94.854%).The least effective antimicrobial was aztreonam (40.21%sensitive). Conclusion: The prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the samples of Intensive Care Units was found to be 14.39%. The most susceptible antibiotic against pseudomonas was Polymixin B. The least effective antimicrobial was aztreonam
Localization Of Cyst Of Myelomeningocele Among Pediatric Patients
Authors: Fatima Urooj , Mehdi Hussain , Memon Farrukh Mustafa , Ghani Rubina , Ali Hasan
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency distribution of myelomeningocele cyst location among pediatric patients at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi. Study Design and Setting: This cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient department of neurosurgery ward of JPMC. Methodology: All fifty male and female babies having myelomeningocele, newly born to more than 12 months of age, who presented in outpatient department of neurosurgery ward of JPMC during the period of six months were included in the study. Verbal informed consent of the parents was taken and babies were examined for the location, size and associated complains of myelomeningocele. Results: The patients presented mainly in the age group of newly born to 3months. Majority of them were males. Atonic bladder and bowel along with paralysis of lower limbs were uniformly found associated features. Among male patients distribution of myelomeningocele was 3% each in cervical and thoracic while 96% in lumbar region whereas female patients had 6% cervical and 84% lumbar cysts with no cyst in the thoracic region. The average size of MMC cyst in lumbar region was 4.0×4.2 cm. Conclusion: Cyst of myelomeningocele was found to be more in male children up to 3months of age with location in the lumbar region. The average size of cyst was 4.0×4.2 cm and accounted for atonic bladder and bowel along with paralysis of lower limbs
Factors Influencing The Choice Of Ophthalmology As A Career Amongst Students Of Dow University Of Health Sciences, Karachi
Authors: Ariff Hamidullah , Faiz-ur-Rab Khowaja , Dareshani Shehlaa , Saleem Tarique , Rao Masood Hussain
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine the factors influencing the choice of Ophthalmology as a career amongst Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Study design and Setting: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on fourth and final year students of Dow Medical College, DUHS, Karachi through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Methodology: Before conducting the study, permission from the Principal of Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences was taken. Overall 244 students were selected willing to participate in the study after having their written consent. A structured questionnaire with minor modification and after pretest was provided to them. All the information was filled by the student on their own reliability. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS version 21.0. The quantitative data was assessed through mean and standard deviation whereas frequencies and percentages were developed for qualitative data. Chi square test was applied to determine any significant correlation between different variables. Result: According to analysis of the data, 77% female and 23% male medical students of fourth and final year participated in the study. Overall 8.65% students were given their first choice of Ophthalmology which is at 4th rank in all specialties after internal medicine, cardiology and paediatrics. The major factors which influence them to select Ophthalmology as their first choice were high income, less working hours and experience of medical and surgical field. The major factors, which restrict them not to choose Ophthalmology as a career, wereless opportunity of residency, long duration of residency and less opportunity at private sector. Conclusion: Ophthalmology is at 4th rank in the choice of participated medical students. The factors attracted them to choose it were high income, less working hours and no night shift. However less opportunity of residency and less working opportunity at private sector restricted them not to choose the ophthalmology as their career.
Assessment Of Depression Among The Dentists Of Karachi By Using AKUAD Scale
Authors:   Bahria Unviersity Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Bana Kiran Fatima Mehboob Ali , Abbassi Zubair Ahmed , Saleem Samina
Published: December 2021

Objective: To assess the anxiety and depression among the dentists of Karachi by using AKUADS. Study Design and Setting: It was a cross sectional study design conducted in Karachi. Methodology: The calculated sample size was 293.The data was collected over a period of 3 months with the help of validated Questionnaire of Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale (AKUADS). Informed consent was taken and rationale was explained to all the participants before commencement of this study. Results: Our study focused on sample of 234. The response rate was 79.8%. The anxiety and depression was prevalent in 67.9% of dentists from Karachi. Males and unmarried/single dentists were more depressed than females and married dentists. The 24-30 years of dentists having more than five years of professional experience and were working more than 40 hours per week were found to be more depressed n=82 (72.56%) than the dentists who worked less than forty hours per week; n=77 (63.6%) and calculated P value was 0.093. When analyzing the association between anxiety and depression and working sector; dentists who worked in private sector (n=81) 71.05% were found to be more depressed than the dentists worked in Public sector and the calculated P-value was 0.197. Conclusion: The study rendered substantial data about unexpectedly high prevalence of anxiety and depression among the sample of dentists from Karachi. It was inferred from the study that experience in professional field, age of dentists, more than 40 hours working per week and working in private sector have been associated with anxiety and depression among the dentists of Karachi.
Importance of Quality in Medical and Dental Institutes
Authors: Bana Kiran Fatima Mehboob Ali
Published: December 2021

There is a dire need to incorporate quality improvement measures in medical education of our country as now worldwide the paradigm is shifted from the students’ outcome to the continuous quality improvement (CQI) measures. The ultimate goal of CQI is to provide optimal patient care. This is the responsibility of the accreditation council (PMDC) to ensure the true application of quality improvement indicators in medical institutes. The quality document introduced by the PMDC is the true reflection of the world accreditation bodies WFME, WHO. By ensuring the true application of this quality document, Pakistan Medical and Dental Council will be able to compete with the International standards of medical education through competent future physicians.
Improving Learning: Underlying Factors And Suggestions To Improve Learning In Health Profession
Authors: Fatima Farhat , Sultana Shafaq
Published: December 2021

Learners in health professions education may struggle with learning and educationist can help them to explore what can be followed to optimize it. A multitude of factors influence the storage and retrieval of information stored in memory. These include, but are not limited to the implications and understanding gained out of that piece of information, how it is learned, the contextual conditions during its learning and if relevant practices are employed during its retrieval.
Hospitals and Public Health: Conflicting Or Complementing Each Other
Authors: Thaver Inayat H. , Khalid Nadia
Published: December 2021

Hospitals - the original facilities for the sick date back to the temples dedicated to “healing gods” in Egyptians and Greeks. The oldest architectural evidence can be dated back to 9th Century AD in Sri Lanka. The word “hospital” comes from the Latin word “hoses” for host or “hospitium” meaning a place to entertain1
Awareness Regarding Cervical Cancer And Pap Smear Test As A Screening Tool Among Married And Unmarried Females Of Karachi
Authors: Zanib Warda , Naz Shareaa , Munim Summaiya , Farhat Hafsa , Solangi Alishba , Khalid Nadia
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine the knowledge of risk factors of cervical cancer and Pap smear as screening tool in the prevention of disease among married and unmarried females of Karachi Study Design and Setting: It was a crossectional study conducted from April until September 2018, a total duration of six months. Data has been collected from three different areas of Karachi. Methodology: Non-probability convenient sampling techniques have been used to collect the data. Data collection was carried out by an interviewer based structured questionnaire. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS V 24. Pearson’s chi square used as statistical test. Results: 400 respondents with a mean age of 32.1 +/- 1.1 years participated in the survey. 48.8% have heard about cervical cancer reflecting suboptimal knowledge. Major source of information amongst the females were health care providers. 21.8% (n =87) of females considered HPV infection as a major risk factor followed by multiple sexual partners (17.3%, n = 69) and early marriages (16.5%, n=66). Study showed 29.8% (n=119) of respondents have heard about Pap smear while only 5% (n=20) of them had gone through this screening test. Conclusion: The study revealed that knowledge regarding cervical cancer and Pap smear test is low among married and unmarried females. Attitudes and practices were not promising as the cost of test procedure seen as the main constraint.
Water and Human Health
Authors: Karim Nasim
Published: December 2021

Water is an essential requirement of human body. It makes up about fifty to seventy five percent of the human body. We can live without food for many weeks but for water it is only days. Water is part and parcel of our body tissues such as fats, muscles, bones etc and is the basic component of fluids like blood, juices in the digestive tract, sweat and urine
Why Computers? Why Me?
Authors: Byrne Richard B.
Published: December 2021

Why Computers? Why Me? Strategies for Organizational Acceptance of the New Computer Technologies
Educação para a superação do racismo no contexto de uma escola pública
Authors: Ponce Branca Jurema , Ferrari Alice Rosa de Sena
Published: December 2021

O artigo aborda os resultados de uma pesquisa que envolveu educadores de uma escola pública. O objetivo é apresentar a necessária introdução da Educação para as relações étnico-raciais nos currículos escolares a partir de práticas descolonizadoras e de reconhecimento e pertencimento dos sujeitos. O texto insere-se na luta contra o silenciamento do racismo e no enfrentamento de violências que naturalizam o preconceito e a discriminação. A pesquisa assume uma abordagem qualitativa, cujos instrumentos foram definidos a partir de Gil (2008) e Brandão (2003), e a análise de conteúdo baseou-se em Bardin (2016). Os preceitos da Justiça Curricular e os princípios da Educação para as relações étnico-raciais formam a base teórica para as abordagens analíticas realizadas. Na conclusão, o artigo destaca a Justiça Curricular e a Educação para as relações-étnico raciais como possibilidades de luta pela superação do racismo.
A Template-Based Approach for Tagging Non-Vocalized Arabic Nouns
Authors:   Managing Director Deanship of Admission & Registration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Alsharif Hashem
Published: December 2021

There exist no corpora of Arabic nouns. Furthermore, in any Arabic text, nouns can be found in different forms. In fact, by tagging nouns in an Arabic text, the beginning of each sentence can determine whether it starts with a noun or a verb. Part of Speech Tagging (POS) is the task of labeling each word in a sentence with its appropriate category, which is called a Tag (Noun, Verb and Article). In this thesis, we attempt to tag non-vocalized Arabic text. The proposed POS Tagger for Arabic Text is based on searching for each word of the text in our lists of Verbs and Articles. Nouns are found by eliminating Verbs and Articles. Our hypothesis states that, if the word in the text is not found in our lists, then it is a Noun. These comparisons will be made for each of the words in the text until all of them have been tagged. To apply our method, we have prepared a list of articles and verbs in the Arabic language with a total of 112 million verbs and articles combined, which are used in our comparisons to prove our hypothesis. To evaluate our proposed method, we used pre-tagged words from "The Quranic Arabic Corpus", making a total of 78,245 words, with our method, the Template-based tagging approach compared with (AraMorph) a rule-based tagging approach and the Stanford Log-linear Part-Of-Speech Tagger. Finally, AraMorph produced 40% correctly-tagged words and Stanford Log-linear Part-Of-Speech Tagger produced 68% correctly-tagged words, while our method produced 68,501 correctly-tagged words (88%).
The Elements Contributing to Tax Evasion in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   MSc International Accounting and Financial Management, Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, Raqaban Daniah
Published: December 2021

The Saudi Arabian’s vision had uplifted the Saudi economy within a short time span by adopting different strategic legislation. One of the main adaptations by the Saudi government that assess this uplift was through adopting taxation. As a new legislation it was faced a lot of resistance by the citizen, which led to tax evasion. The study had conducted through mean of survey that focused on testing two main hypotheses to see the relationship between two main groups (morality and understanding) to tax evasion. As it showed the hypothesis was supported by the data collected that both the level of morality do plays a massive role in the perception of tax evasion; moreover, that the level of awareness the individuals have is low to medium level when it comes to understanding the tax rules and regulations.
Some Important Secrets of Language Development
Authors:   Senior Teaching Assistant, Pashto Department, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Shaikh Zayed University, Khost, Afghanistan, Gurbaz Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Language is a jewel in the human body. If it is not available, no phenomenon can compensate for its absence. Every human with a language is known as a skillful person. If language is downfallen, almost all human beings’ relations are damaged. Language, like all other phenomena of human culture, is closely linked to a human community, an event that occurs in a community, taking its own steps towards perfection in that community. Language is the only source of communication among the people. In fact, it is a source of reflection of the aspirations and desires of the people and a great tool for finding ways to meet their needs. In the process of research, I have clarified what language means, what it is called. As a result of the research, it has also become clear what is its value in social life, what is its importance. Language functions were also highlighted during the research. Some important factors and characteristics that lead to the development of a language are highlighted in details. If the speakers of any language take advantage of the mentioned ways to develop their language, to contrive for it to conclude all the mentioned possibilities and factors in their language, I am sure that their language will be taken place among the advanced languages.
El derecho de alumbrado público en el Municipio de Juárez, Chihuahua, México
Authors: Narciso Jimenez Ismael , Romero Rodríguez Luis Carlos
Published: December 2021

El principal objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es la necesidad de exponer los problemas legales, financieros y fiscales del "Derecho al Alumbrado Público" (DAP) que enfrentan los Municipios al momento de realizar los cobros correspondientes en esta área, en este caso específico el Municipio de Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Pero con estricto apego a los criterios científico-técnicos de la normatividad fiscal de nuestro Estado Mexicano, sin violar el Estado de Derecho, a fin de lograr una buena administración y gestión de cobranza en el ramo del Derecho de Alumbrado Público.
Estimating organic carbon in soils from Gulyantsi Municipality, Pleven District
Authors: Saraffov Alexander , Bozhkov Petko , Grigorov Borislav
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study is to evaluate soil organic carbon in Gulyantsi Municipality, Pleven District. The case study area of “Ulpia Eskus” Reserve was chosen for the research. The composition of soil organic substance of Arenosols + Fluvisols is distinguished by the use of a chemical analysis and the application of the Turin method. The results show a prevalence of humic acids over fulvic acids in the sampled soil profile.
Keywords: soil organic carbon, soil horizons, excavations.
Determination of the content of natural radionuclides in rock materials used in the buildings
Authors: Serafimova Ekaterina , Petkova Vilma
Published: December 2021

The negative impact of natural inorganic building materials on people during their life cycle can be potentially significant, in case of presence of radionuclides, due to the very long period of negative radioactive impact. International experience shows that effective prevention of public health and reduction of exposure involves a wide range of actions, which has been achieved through the development and preparation of a strategy at the national level. The content of natural radionuclides in rock materials for construction purposes, taken from different buildings in Southern Bulgaria, has been determined. The obtained data are in norms under the Bulgarian legislation, but for some samples with values close to the maximum permissible concentrations.
On the possibility to use δ13C speleothem records for determination of total freezing of the ground during glaciations
Authors: Shopov Yavor
Published: December 2021

In a δ13C speleothem record from Duhlata cave, Sofia region, Bulgaria we found a positive value of δ13C. It is rather unusual and only way to explain it is that all carbon in the speleothem was supplied from the bedrock above the cave during the formation of the corresponding layer in the speleothem. Such situation can happen only during total freezing of the ground above the cave during glaciations. Only in such case both organic and air carbon dioxide cannot reach the cave.
Analysis of the hydrogeological conditions in Bulgaria in connection with the radon potential
Authors: Antonov Dimitar , Trayanova Mila , Kolev Sava , Toteva Aglaida , Benderev Aleksey , Ivanova Kremena , Valchev Simeon
Published: December 2021

Natural radon (222Rn) is a radioactive noble gas that occurs in every rock or soil due to the content of radium (226Ra), part of the 238U family, in the lithosphere. Different types of rocks and soils possess different 226Ra content and different permeability. Radon has high mobility and is driven by diffusion and convection with the soil gas throughout connected and water-unsaturated pores and/or cracks in permeable rocks and soils. Therefore, the radon potential of the area could depend on hydrogeology and its particular settings. The study deals with the general characteristics of the groundwater depths in Bulgaria based on the published since 1960’s sources. After analysis of the collected data several distinct regions have been elaborated based on different depth of the groundwater table regarding lithological, tectonic and geomorphological conditions. In addition, zones for screening assessment of groundwater table influence of radon potential have been precised.
Manganese pollution of drinking water extracted from the terrace of Vacha River
Authors: Benderev Aleksey , Stoyanov Nikolay , Dimovski Stefan , Bratkova Svetlana , Mihaylova Boyka
Published: December 2021

The presented study is aimed towards determining the reasons for manganese pollution of drinking water extracted from the terrace of Vacha River. The results show that this is due to the seepage of from the artificial lake, formed after the construction of a small hydropower plant. Another possible reason is the natural accumulation in the upper parts of the river terrace of poorly soluble in water manganese compounds that turn into soluble ones as a result of changes in the redox environment, which take place in the conditions of very intensive groundwater extraction.
BŪTI AR ATRODYTI? MOKSLININKO-DĖSTYTOJO VAIDMENYS AUKŠTAJAME MOKSLE
Authors: Daugėla Marius , Žydžiūnaitė Vilma
Published: December 2021

Buvimas mokslininku-dėstytoju aukštajame moksle yra ne tik įsipareigojimas, bet kartu pasireiškia per konkrečią asmens veiklą. Universitete veikiantis ir dirbantis mokslinkas-dėstytojas susiduria ne tik su išoriniais faktoriais, kurie apibrėžia jo vaidmenis aukštajame moksle, bet ir su savo asmenybės subtilybėmis. Tyrimo tikslas – apžvelgti mokslinėje literatūroje išskiriamus mokslininko-dėstytojo vaidmenis, esančius aukštajame moksle, bei išskirti esminius iššūkius, kurie kyla atliekant šiuos vaidmeni. Todėl keliamas tyrimo klausimas – kokie vidiniai ir išoriniai iššūkiai kyla mokslininkų-dėstytojų vaidmenims aukštajame moksle? Šio tyrimo objektas – mokslininkų-dėstytojų vaidmenys aukštajame moksle. Šiame tyrime naudota integralioji literatūros apžvalga. Pastebėta, jog buvimas mokslininku-dėstytoju universitete persipina su formaliais reikalavimais bei vidiniais asmeniniais lūkesčiais ir siekiais, kurie lemia ne tik perdegimo ar pervargimo patirtis, bet parodo ir giluminį asmens pripažinimo, palaikymo ir bendradarbiavimo lūkestį. Neatlieptas poreikis slopina mokslininko-dėstytojo entuziazmą, todėl individas atsiduria formaliuose rėmuose, kurie jį/ją varžo. Formuojama tyrimo išvada, kad, siekiant būti universiteto mokslininku-dėstytoju, svarbu atitikti ne tik formalius reikalavimus, bet prasminga tapti reflektyviu ir autentišku mokslininku, veikiančiu, dirbančiu, bendradarbiaujančiu bei intelektiškai lyderiaujančiu ir  internalizuojančiu moralines vertybes aukštajame moksle.
TREČIOJO AMŽIAUS UNIVERSITETO VEIKLA NACIONALINĖS MOKSLO PROGRAMOS „SVEIKAS SENĖJIMAS” KONTEKSTE: KLAIPĖDOS RAJONO ATVEJIS
Authors: Sėlenienė Laura
Published: December 2021

Straipsnyje aktualizuojamos senstančios visuomenės diktuojami iššūkiai. Vienas jų – sveikos ir kokybiškos senatvės užtikrinimas. Jo svarbą liudija rekomendacijų, programų, gairių ir stategijų, nukreiptų į vyresnio amžiaus asmenų gyvenimo kokybę, gausa. Nacionalinė mokslo programa „Sveikas senėjimas“ – vienas iš dokumentų, apibrėžiančių senstančios visuomenės problemas. Jos turinyje akcentuojamas mokslo indėlis senstančios visuomenės problemoms spręsti. Svarbūs šiame kontekste ne tik mokslo sprendimai, o ir jų skaida tikslinei auditorijai – vyresnio amžiaus asmenims. Tai diktuoja tarpinstitucinės sąveikos svarbą. Straipsnyje išskiriama auštojo mokslo ir vyresnio amžiaus asmenis telkiančių organizacijų sąveika, kaip viena iš sveiko senėjimo idėjos realizavimo prielaidų. Ji suponuoja poreikį įvertinti mokslo sprendimų integraciją į vyresnio amžiaus asmenų švietimą ir jį vykdančių organizacijų potencialą sveiko senėjimo kontekste.
The role of procalcitonin and lactate at single determination in the intensive care unit in the diagnosis and prognosis of hypovolemic and distributive (septic) shock
Authors: Moldovanov A. V. , Rudnov V. A. , Bagin V. A. , Astafieva M. N. , Rozanova S. M.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The greatest difficulties arise in the differential diagnosis of hypovolemic or distributive (septic) shock. The aim of this study was to critically analyze the information value of the blood plasma content of lactate and procalcitonin (PCT) in patients with septic and hypovolemic shock.

Materials and methods. The diagnosis of «Sepsis» and «Septic shock» in the study was established according to the criteria of «Sepsis-3». 143 IRCs were filled, 34 of them with septic shock, 44 IRCs with hypovolemic, 65 IRCs with sepsis and organ dysfunction (OD).

Results. When determining the content of PCT in the blood plasma in patients with septic and hypovolemic shock, we found a statistically significant difference. The level of PKT in infectious shock —

33.3 (95% CI 7.9 — 58.0) ng / ml was higher than hypovolemic-0.9 (95% CI 0.43 — 6.45) ng/ml on average more than 30 times. In contrast to PCT, the content of lactate in the blood plasma did not carry a differential diagnostic value. Once measured at admission to the ICU, the level of PCT has no informational significance and does not indicate a likely outcome of the disease, complicated by the development of septic and hemorrhagic shock. Together with the low predictive ability of the nature of shock, lactate was highly informative in relation to the outcome of the disease, complicated by the development of shock syndrome.

Discussion. In our analysis, it is obvious that there were observations when the PCT level during hypovolemia was noticeably higher than normal, reaching a maximum of 6.4 ng / ml. Apparently, there was a combination of factors with an obvious activation of a trigger that affects its libration or the presence of endotoxinemia in hypovolemic shock in these specific patients. The informational value of PCT is not absolute and, according to meta-analyzes, is about 80%.

Conclusion. The blood content of procalcitonin in shock of an infectious nature was more than 30 times higher than the hypovolemic level on average. The informational value of procalcitonin in terms of predicting the course of the disease in septic and hypovolemic shock is absent. In the absence of predicting the nature of the shock, lactate is informative about the outcome of the shock. The possibility of increasing the blood lactate content in severe hemorrhagic shock with renal damage was noted.