bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth Fairburn/Colenso Her Times
Authors:   , Cottier Jeannette
Published: May 2024

This study seeks to give Elizabeth Fairburn/Colenso, an Evangelical 'helpmeet', whose story has been obscured by the patriarchal discourse of missionisation and colonisation, a place in history: more specifically, a place in nineteenth-century New Zealand pioneering history. Intertwined with this primary agenda is that of examining questions of contemporary femininity and colonial history as illustrated by Elizabeth's life. It was a life governed and informed by the Evangelical ethic of duty but distorted by the allegation of passionlessness; an allegation which served to mask the sexual double standard. Among other debates aired in the thesis are white women's agency as the interface of colonial and missionary campaigns; women's labour as the 'bedrock', the unacknowledged investment of such capitalist enterprises; the apparent contradiction between Evangelicalism's redefinition of women's role as within the private domestic sphere and women's extra-domestic pursuit of good causes such as Temperance and the Abolition of Slavery. These large debates prompt discussion of associated issues. The thesis then not only argues the anomalies of the nineteenth-century ideology of private (female) versus public (male) spheres and that the axes of power-gender, class and ethnicity are historically specific but it also points to the experiential and negotiable aspects of nineteenth-century women's role, albeit within patriarchy.
Prognostic Value of Cardiac Color Doppler Ultrasound in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Zhu Meidi , Hua Lingling , Zou Yu , Xiang Puyi
Published: May 2024

Objective: To investigate the value of cardiac color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) in determining the clinical characteristics and assessing the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: 200 patients with CHF admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects, and these 200 patients were followed up for 6 months, with 159 cases in the surviving group and 41 cases in the deceased group, and examined with a diagnostic CDUS instrument (model GEVividE95ACUSONSC2000). The detection rate of chronic heart failure and cardiac function indexes of the two groups were observed. Results: The deceased group showed a chronic heart failure detection rate of 92.68%, which was significantly higher than the surviving group (76.73%; P < 0.05). Moreover, the cardiac function indexes of both groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). Conclusion: By performing cardiac ultrasonography on patients with CHF, their cardiac function can be clearly understood and the changes can be timely detected during treatment, hence physicians can formulate a more reasonable treatment plan for patients and improve their quality of life.
Therapeutic Effect of Indometacin, Furazolidone, and Cuscohygrinolis α-Acetylbenzoacetate Suppository Combined with Fuzhiqing Ointment in Treating Anal Fissure: An Observation of 98 Cases
Authors: Li Dewei
Published: May 2024

Objective: To assess the efficacy of the combined application of indometacin, furazolidone, and cuscohygrinolis α-acetylbenzoacetate suppository and Fuzhiqing ointment in treating patients with anal fissures. Methods: A total of 98 patients diagnosed with anal fissures between January 2021 and December 2022 were selected as the study participants. They were randomly assigned to two groups using the random number table method. The control group received treatment with indometacin, furazolidone, and cuscohygrinolis α-acetylbenzoacetate suppository, while the observation group underwent a combination treatment involving indometacin, furazolidone, and cuscohygrinolis α-acetylbenzoacetate suppository and Fuzhiqing ointment. The two groups were compared in terms of pain level, wound bleeding, and changes in wound granulation health. Additionally, the time for symptom disappearance, improvement in anal function, and occurrence of related adverse reactions were recorded. Results: The observation group exhibited lower pain score, wound bleeding score, and wound granulation health score compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The observation group also showed shorter times for the disappearance of symptoms as well as a quicker time for complete anal fissure healing compared to the control group (P < 0.05). No relevant adverse reactions were observed in any of the patients. Conclusion:The addition of Fuzhiqing ointment to the treatment of patients with anal fissures using metronidazole ester suppositories promotes the improvement of disease symptoms and enhances the health of wound granulations. This combined treatment demonstrates a positive effect on the overall healing process of the disease, indicating a broad application value.
Analisis Kesalahan Penggunaan Adjektivdeklination Bahasa Jerman
Authors: Sadaali Yuyun , Fathimah Syarifah
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This study aims to obtain data on the types of errors in the use of adjectives im bestimmten Articles und unbestimmten Articles nominative and accusative cases of XII grade students of SMA Negeri 16 Makassar. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique used is a test. The data sources of this research were the students of class XII SMA Negeri 16 Makassar, totaling 28 students. The sampling technique of this research is Total Sampling. The results of data analysis showed that the total errors in the use of Adjective declination im bestimmten Articles of nominative and accusative cases and Im unbestimmten Articles of nominative and accusative cases were 256 errors. The types of errors that exist are the types of errors in the use of the Adjektivdeklination im bestimmten Article in the nominative case, 39 errors, and the accusative case, 28 errors. Then Adjektivdeklination im unbestimmten Articles on the nominative case of 48 errors and for the accusative case of 141 errors. The error rate of using adjectives of class XII students of SMA Negeri 16 Makassar is included in the fairly high category.Keywords: Error Analysis, German, Adjektivdeklination
Animasi Youtube dalam Pembelajaran Menyimak Bahasa Jerman
Authors: Aprianti Trie Ayu , Jufri Jufri , Saleh Nurming
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This aim of this research was to obtain data and information on the effectiveness  of  Youtube  animation on listening German skill for X IPS SMA Kartika  XX-1  Makassar.  The type  of this research is a quasi-experimental (nonequivalent control group design). The population of this research is the students of class X IPS SMA Kartika XX-1 Makassar with 47 students. The sample of this research is the students of class X IPS 1 with 24 students as the experimental class and students of class X IPS 2 with 23 students as the control class and selected by total sampling. The results of data analysis obtained through t-count = 5.562 > t- table = 2.014 and the value of sig. (2- tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05 at a significance level of 0,05. This results of this study indicate that the use of Youtube animation was effective in German listening skill of class X IPS students of SMA Kartika XX-1 Makassar.Keywords: Youtube Animation, Listening Skills, German.
Penggunaan Media Lesedomino dalam Peningkatan Kosakata Bahasa Jerman
Authors: Umar Aurelia Astuti , Achmad Abdul Kasim
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This research is Classroom Action Research which consist of two cycles. This study aims to determine the planning, process, and results of the use of Lesedomino Media in Increasing the German Vocabulary of Class X of SMAK St. Gregorius Reok. This  research consist of quantitative data and qualitative data. Quantitative data was obtained through the result of vocabulary test in cycle I and cycle II and qualitative data was obtained through observation. The data were analysed using the percentage technique. The result showed the average score obtained by students in the first cycle reached 65,5% and the second  cycle reached 79%. These result indicate that the use of Lesedomino media can improve vocabulary of Class X SMAK St. Gregorius Reok.Keywords: Lesedomino, Improvement, Vocabulary, German
Membaca Memahami Bahasa Jerman Melalui Media Quizizz
Authors: Bintoen Wulandari , Rijal Syamsu
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to obtain data and information on improving students' reading comprehension skills in German class X MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 16 Makassar through the application of Quizizz media. The research design used is Kurt Lewin's Classroom Action Research design which consists of four components: design, action, observation, and reflection. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 16 Makassar with students of class X MIPA 2 consisting of 36 people as research subjects. The research data were collected through teacher activity observation sheets, student activity observation sheets and reading comprehension tests. The data in this study were analyzed using the average and percentage formula. The results of data analysis showed that the average value of students' reading comprehension skills in the first cycle was 69.17 which was classified in the less category. After making efforts to improve through maximizing the learning process in the second cycle using Quizizz media, the results showed that the average score of students in this cycle was 86.11 which was classified in the good category. The results of this study indicate that the Quizizz learning media can improve the ability to read and understand the students of class X MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 16 Makassar with a percentage increase of 16.94%.Keywords: Enhancement, Enhacement, read, German language, Quizizz
Unsur Intrinsik Roman “Das Doppelte Lottchen” Karya Erich Kästner
Authors: Haeqal Muh. , Hasmawati Hasmawati
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This research aims to describe the intrinsic elements in the form of theme, plot, setting, character, point of view, messagge and the value of character education in the novel “das Doppelte lootcchen” by Erich Kästner. Teh data of this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is direct data from the novel text “das Doppelte Lottchen”. Secondary data is supporting data that contains additional information in the form of books, journals, and articles. Data were analyzed based on qualitative approach with content analysis. The results of the research are as follows, a description of the theme element: family, plot elements: combined plot, background elements, place settings: at hte children’s House, holiday time setting, and social beliefs background, character elements: main and additional characters, corner elements point of view: using a third person point of view, mandate: true happines. The interrelationships between the intrinsic elements of fairy tales include the theme, plot, setting, character, point of view, and message. Character education values include religious values, integrity values, mutual cooperation values, and independent values.Keywords: Intrinsic Element, Content Analysis, Das Doppelte Lottchen, Erich Kästner
Peningkatan Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Jerman Melalui Media Video Hallo Aus Berlin
Authors: Lisnawati Elsita , Anwar Muh.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which consists of two cycles. This study aims to determine the planning, process, and results of the Hallo aus Berlin video learning media in improving the German speaking skills of students in class XI MIA 5 SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. The data of this study consisted of quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was obtained through the results of the speaking skills test in cycle I and cycle II and qualitative data was obtained through observation. The data were analyzed using the percentage technique. The results showed that the average score obtained by students in the first cycle reached 70% and the second cycle reached 83%. These results indicate that the use of video learning media Hallo aus Berlin improves the German speaking skills of students in class XI MIA 5 SMA Negeri 9 Makassar.Keywords: Video Hallo aus Berlin, Speech Skills, German
Media Film Hallo Aus Berlin dalam Peningkatan Penguasaan Kosa Kata Bahasa Jerman
Authors: Nati Siti Ermi , Dalle Ambo
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This study aims to determine the improvement, planning, process, and results of using the film media Hallo aus Berlin in increasing the mastery of German vocabulary in class XI SMAN 2 Makassar. This type of research is classroom action research which consists of two cycles. The subjects in this study were students of class XI SMAN 2 Makassar. The data analysis technique in this study consisted of qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data was obtained through observation, while quantitative data was obtained through vocabulary mastery tests in cycle I and cycle II. Data analysis using the percentage technique. The results showed that the increase in vocabulary mastery with the average score obtained by students in the first cycle reached 66.94%, and the second cycle reached 78.19%. These results indicate that the use of the film Hallo aus Berlin media can improve the mastery of German vocabulary in class XI SMAN 2 Makassar.Keywords: Improvement, Hallo Aus Berlin Film Media, Vocabulary Mastery
Metode Drill dalam Penguasaan Kosakata Bahasa Jerman
Authors: Wulandari Reski Sri , Al Ilmul Syarifah Fatimah
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in German vocabulary mastery of class XI students at SMA Negeri 14 Gowa through the application of the Drill method. This type of research is classroom action research which consists of two cycles with each cycle consisting of two meetings. The subject of this study was class XI Mipa 3 SMA Negeri 14 Gowa. There are two types of this research, namely qualitative data and quantitative data. Qualitative data were obtained from teacher and student observation data, while quantitative data were obtained from students' German vocabulary tests. The results of students' German vocabulary tests in cycle I obtained an average of 69.5 and experienced an increase in cycle II with an average value of 84.7. The results of this test show that the application of the Drill method can increase the German vocabulary of class XI students of SMA Negeri 14 Gowa.Keyword: Implementation, Vocabulary, Drill Method
Kemampuan Membaca Memahami Bahasa Jerman dengan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share
Authors: Rey Renatus Saverinus Morel , Saleh Nurming
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This research is a Classroom Action Research consisting of two cycles. This study aims to know the planning, process and results of learning using the Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model in improving German reading skills of class XI students of SMA Negeri 3 Makassar. The research data consisted of qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data was obtained through observation and quantitative data was obtained through the test results of students' German reading ability in cycle I and II. The data were analyzed using percentage technique. The results showed that the average score obtained by students in cycle I reached 67.4% and cycle II reached 80.9%. These results show that the use of Think Pair Share type learning model improve the German reading ability of students of class XI SMA Negeri 3 Makassar.Keyword: learning model, Think Pair Share, reading, German.
Media Tiktok dalam Meningkatkan Kosakata Bahasa Jerman
Authors: Sum Maria Teliana , R Mantasiah
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This research is a Quasi-Experimental design (non-equivalent design) which aims to find out data and information on the effectiveness of TikTok media in increasing the German vocabulary of class XI students at SMA Negeri 14 Makassar. The population of this research were students of class XI Social Sciences at SMAN 14 Makassar, totaling 70 students from two classes. The sample in this research was selected randomly (random sampling), namely students in class XI IPS 3 as an experimental class, totaling 35 students, and class XI IPS 4 as a control class, totaling 35 students. The research data were analyzed using the t-test. The results of the data analysis showed that 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 12.75 > ttable 1.998 at a significant level of 0.05. The results indicate that TikTok media is effective in increasing the German vocabulary of class XI students of SMA Negeri 14 Makassar.Keyword: Effectiveness, Media, TikTok, Vocabulary
Functions of colours and coloured objects in Slavic culture: Magic, folklore and language
Authors: Komorowska Ewa
Published: May 2024

Colours have always played an important role in Slavic culture. In the Slavic world of magic, each basic colour was meaningful and symbolized certain behaviours and their results. In order to understand the perception of colours in the modern times as well as the fixed expressions in which colour terms occur, we should take a look at this phenomenon from the cultural perspective. Adopting the cultural perspective allows researchers to trace the continuity of the Slavic perception of colours and their reflection in language.
The aim of this paper is to present the functions of colours and coloured objects in Slavic culture, with relation to their alleged healing, protective and wizardry properties. Besides, the paper presents the Polish and Russian names of plants which were believed to have healing properties as well as the names of illnesses containing colour terms.
“In the dream he was awake”: Ontological instability in James Robertson’s 'The Fanatic'
Authors: Fengler Maria
Published: May 2024

Set in the seventeenth and late twentieth centuries, James Robertson’s first novel The Fanatic (2000) is not only a powerful exploration of Scottish history and the interrelationships between past and present, but also an example of historical metafiction, concerned with the nature of historical and fictional reconstructions. As this article argues, the world model created in The Fanatic is characterized by inherent epistemological and ontological instability, visible at all levels of the text’s construction. The two plot lines, the seventeenth century past and the twentieth century present, initially set apart, increasingly blur and permeate each other until finally it is impossible to tell what is past and what is present, what is “real” and what re-constructed or imagined. The ontological status of the narrated events is equally unstable, as they often turn out to be false memories, hallucinations or delusions of the characters, while the fictionality of the characters is foregrounded by means of intertextual allusions. Finally, the status and reliability of the seemingly objective, heterodiegetic narrator becomes increasingly questionable as the story unfolds. Far from despairing of the possibility of offering a reliable historical reconstruction; however, the novel celebrates the very instability, which allows for constant imaginative reinterpretation and renewal of the past in the present, and of reality in fiction.
The impact of organized religion on the social status of women in Alice Walker’s "By the Light of My Father’s Smile"
Authors: Grunwald Jadwiga
Published: May 2024

Alice Walker’s novel By the Light of my Father’s Smile (1998), as her prose in general, addresses issues of religious, ecology, feminism and sexuality. The article discusses the novel’s depiction of the impact of organized religion on the social status of women with reference to both the novel’s cultural settings and Alice Walker’s personal experience. By deliberately breaking taboos about speaking openly of the sexual experience of women of color, the author intends to make her readers aware of the harm organized religion often causes to women all over the world. In her opinion, patriarchy unethically uses gender norms, as a way to benefit men over women. Walker thus commits herself to encouraging men who have been misguided by patriarchy to change their behaviour and righting their wrongs. She also strives to give oppressed women more confidence and courage to defend their freedom and independence.
The Role of Financial Literacy and Entrepreneurial Orientation on MSME Sustainability: The Mediating Effect of E-Commerce
Authors: Kristiawati Endang , Giriati  , Wendy  , Malini Helma
Published: May 2024

MSMEs play an important role, but there are still many problems to improve their performance. The effect of financial literacy and entrepreneurial orientation on general performance is the purpose of this study. This research was conducted at MSMEs in Pontianak City and Singkawang City. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. Quantitative research is an attempt by a researcher to gain knowledge by providing data in the form of numbers which will then be used to analyze information. The data used in this research is primary data. The soil test results show that the significance value of the two-tailed test is 0.00 <0.05, so e-commerce can mediate the effect of financial literacy on MSME performance. The Sobel test results also show that the significance value of the two-tailed test is 0.00 <0.05, so e-commerce can mediate the effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on MSME performance. Understanding financial literacy and the use of e-commerce will help MSMEs manage their finances and leverage business opportunities more effectively, as well as make it easier to access financial resources needed for business sustainability.
ANALISIS SUDUT BELOK DAN KECEPATAN TERHADAP RADIUS BELOK MOBIL LISTRIK
Authors: Mara I Made , Triadi A. A. Alit , Rahmawan Andrian Suci
Published: May 2024

As the number of cars increases, the number of accidents that occur is directly proportional to the number of accidents that occur, namely 117,949 cases and this increases by around 8.3% annually, mostly due to driver negligence and lack of vehicle stability. One important aspect in car design is the steering system which influences the response of the vehicle's steering motion to steering wheel input and has a major influence on comfort as well as safety. The purpose of this study was to determine the turning radius at various speeds and turning angles and to determine the ratio of the turning angle to the turning angle of an electric car. In the analysis phase, calculations are carried out based on slip analysis to obtain the turning radius at various speeds and turning angles, and the ratio of the turning angle to the turning angle of the electric car. At the testing stage it is carried out by determining the steer rotation angle based on the specified turning angle. The results of this study are at a speed of 30 Km/hour with a turning angle of 240 resulting in the smallest turning radius, that is, in the analysis of 5.5 m and 5.75 m of experiment and the smallest percentage of turning radius, namely the results of the analysis are 4% smaller than the experimental results. At a speed of 50 Km/hour with a turning angle of 150 produces the largest turning radius, namely, in the analysis of 9.5 m and 9 m experiments and the greatest percentage of turning radius, namely the results of the analysis are 13% smaller than the experimental results. From the results of the analysis, the ratio of the turning angle to the turning radius is 18:1.
ANALISA PENGARUH KAMPUH PENGELASAN DAN PERLAKUAN PANAS TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK SAMBUNGAN LAS BAJA SUP9
Authors: Mara I Made , Rachmanto Tri , Hadi Syamsul
Published: May 2024

The development of science and technology which is growing rapidly greatly affects industries that produce machine elements that use steel as the main raw material, steel is widely used in construction. This has caused many mechanics to join steel using the SMAW process without regard to the welding method and mechanical properties which causes the steel not to be connected perfectly, thereby endangering safety. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of seam variation V, K and X and normalizing, quenching and no heat treatment on the mechanical properties of welded joints in SUP9 steel. From the variation of seam and heat treatment, there were 9 combinations with 3 repetitions. The results of this study indicate that the weld seam and heat treatment affect the tensile strength and impact price of SUP9 steel. The most optimal treatment to produce high tensile strength is seam variation X with quenching heat treatment with ASTM E8 specimen shape having an average tensile stress value of 84.23 Kgf/mm2, and for the most optimal treatment to produce high impact values ​​is variation of seam X with normalizing heat treatment with specimen form ASTM E23 has an average impact value of 1.11 J/mm2.
PENGARUH KEKUATAN IMPAK DAN TARIK KOMPOSIT BERPENGUAT SERAT SEMBUKAN DENGAN MATRIK EPOXY
Authors: Sinarep  , Maulana A.A. , Pandiatmi Pandri , Zainuri A
Published: May 2024

Composite is a combination of two or more elements arranged in a certain way to get new properties in matrial. Plants of Pukan (Peaderiafoetida L.) is a kind of wild grass that spreads and grows wild in nature. This study aims to determine the effect of the mechanical strength of the composite reinforced dying in the Healing with epoxy matrix.
In this test, using Sembukan fiber as a reinforcement and epoxy as a composite matrial adhesive. The tests include: Tensile tests referring to ASTMD 3039, and Impact Tests referring to ASTMD 256. These tests use fiber volume fractions of 20%, 30%, and 40% with woven fiber orientation.
The results showed, the greater the fiber volume fraction, the greater the toughness, the highest toughness was found in the fiber volume fraction variance of 40%, amounting to 0.10396 J/mm2. Same as Tensile testing, the stress increases with increasing fiber volume fraction, ie at 40% fiber at 9,1596 MPa. The influencing factor is none other than the percentage of fibers in the composite increasing the mechanical strength of the matrix.
Keywords: Fiber Heal, toughness Impact, Tensile strength.
The Effect of Indigofera tinctoria Extract on Cdk5 Expression and Signs of Inflammation in A Chronic Pain Rat Model
Authors: Qorib Mohammad Fathul , Fatimah Nurmawati , Purwantari Kusuma Eko
Published: May 2024

Chronic pain is a challenging case that requires efforts to find effective drugs with minimal side effects. In the last decade, Cdk5 has become a potential target of chronic pain treatment.  Indigofera tinctoria is a plant that grows abundantly in Indonesia and has been used for various purposes. This plant is proven to contain indirubin which was proven as a Cdk5 (Cyclin dependent kinases 5) inhibitor. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of Indigofera tinctoria in a chronic pain model. This research was conducted on 35 rats divided into 5 groups. CFA (Complete Freudâ€™s Adjuvant) solution was injected into the right plantar area to make a chronic pain model. Indigofera tinctoria extract was given orally in 200 mg/KgBW (D1 group), 300 mg/KgBW (D2 group), and 400 mg/KgBW (D3 group) doses. Treatment was given for 7 days after the sign of chronic inflammation were detected (28 days after CFA induction). The analgesic effect was determined by pain latency on the hotplate, while the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by measuring the hind paw volume. The Cdk5 expression was detected at the dorsal root ganglia by immunohistochemistry method. The mean pain latency value of the D2 and D3 groups was greater than that of the other groups. The inflammatory sign in the treatment group was smaller and differs significantly from the positive control group. Cdk5 expression was not statistically different, however, the treatment group showed a lower Cdk5 expression. Indigofera extract has potential analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and Cdk5 inhibitory effects.
Development of single layer osmotic controlled release tablet for low soluble drug: Single Core Osmotic Pump (SCOP)
Authors: Pravinkumar Darji  , Jayendrakumar Patel  , Shalin Parikh  , Binit Patel  , Viratkumar Khatri  , Praneeth Ivan Joel Fnu  , Seshadri Nalla
Published: May 2024

A novel Single Core Osmotic Pump (SCOP) pill has been created to administer high doses of the low solubility medication Rifaximin using osmosis. The formulations were evaluated using six comparative parameters: Q24 (total release after 24 hours), Q12 (total release after 12 hours), TL (lag time), RSQzero12 (R square of the zero-order equation for drug release in 12 hours), RR12 (in vitro release rate for 12 hours), and T80% (time required to deliver 80% of the drug). The drug release profile from osmotic devices shows that the choice of polymer and its concentration in the core formulation can significantly impact the release of the drug. Augmenting the osmogent quantity to an optimal level resulted in a substantial enhancement of Q12 and a notable improvement in the zero-order release pattern of rifaximin. In order to improve the bioavailability of the core formulation, an additive called citric acid was included. Citric acid has several properties that contribute to this enhancement, such as increased solubility of the active ingredient, the creation of a difference in osmotic pressure, regulation of the flow of the active ingredient, and making the composition containing the active ingredient more water-loving. Consequently, TL and T80% experienced a decline, whereas Q12 and RR12 saw a rise. The concentration of PEG 4000 in the semipermeable membrane of the SCOP was found to have a significant impact on TL, T80%, Q12, Q24, and RR12. Specifically, increasing the concentration of PEG 4000 led to a decrease in TL and T80%, while increasing Q12, Q24, and RR12. The optimal aperture diameter for achieving a zero-order release pattern was found to be 850 μm. This study also demonstrated that optimizing the thickness of SPM is crucial for achieving zero order kinetics. The invented SCOP technology has the potential to create a single layer osmotic controlled release tablet of a water insoluble medication with a high dosage.
A mini-review on influence of physical exercise in remodeling the immune mechanism
Authors: Anjali Saxena  , Ankita Dua  , Mohit Kumar  , Alivia Roy  , Aeshna Nigam
Published: May 2024

Exercising on a regular basis has been associated with delay in onset of many lifestyle disorders and chronic conditions. Different types of exercise have varied effects on our innate immune cells, both positively and negatively. Low-intensity exercises like yoga or brisk walking, medium-intensity exercises like swimming or cycling, and long-term high-intensity exercises like playing sports like volleyball or working out in the gym are some examples. The immune system's function is impacted differently by exercise training depending on the type, duration, intensity, and other factors. Exercise training is a double-edged sword that helps the body's immune system by changing the immune cells' post-exercise reaction mechanisms. Regular physical exercise is one of the lifestyle adjustments aimed at minimizing morbidity and mortality associated with contemporary illnesses such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Regular leisure exercise training is regarded to be beneficial, but extreme exercise, such as that performed by professional athletes, is thought to have possibly detrimental consequences. This review summarizes current information in the field of exercise-associated alterations of infection susceptibility and indicates knowledge gaps for further investigation. It highlights that long term effects of physical activity shows a positive association with longevity and exercise.
Penerapan Pendekatan Geosmart Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Critical Thinking Skills pada Pembelajaran Geografi Kelas X SMAN 1 Sarolangun
Authors: Sari Mayang , Nofrion Nofrion
Published: May 2024

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan GeoSmart Learning Terhadap Critical Thinking Skills peserta didik pada pembelajaran geografi kelas X fase E di SMAN 1 S arolangun. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi experimen. Sampel diambil secara purposive Sampling yaitu berdasarkan jumlah peserta didik yang sama. Masing –masing kelas kontrol (X Fase E 4) berjumlah 33 orang dan Kelas eksperimen (X Fase E 5) berjumlah 33 orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes yang terdiri dari lima indikator berpikir kritis yang dikemukakan oleh Ennis. Soal test kemampuan berpikir kritis terdiri dari 30 butir soal pilihan ganda dan 5 soal uraian. Uji instrumen penelitian yang dilakukan adalah uji validitas, uji reabilitas dan uji daya pembeda. Hasil analisis validitas butir uji soal coba pilihan ganda terdapat 27 butir soal yang valid 3 butir soal yang tidak valid, terdapat 5 soal yang valid untuk soal essay. Penelitian ini menemukan terdapatnya pengaruh yang signifikan penerapan pendekatan GeoSmart Learning terhadap Critical Thinking Skills peserta didik pada pembelajaran geografi. Dibuktikan dengan hasil uji N Gain skor kelas eksperimen 0,71 berkategori tinggi dan kelas kontrol 0,52 berkategori sedang. Artinya terdapat peningkatan ketrampilan berpikir kritis yang tinggi pada kelas eksperimen dengan pendekatan GeoSmart Learning dibandingkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada kelas kontrol. nilai Sig (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0,05 maka H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan hipotesi yang diajukan. Kelebihan dari pendekatan ini adalah mendorong siswa untuk belajar dimulai dengan fakta, mendorong siswa untuk berfikir tingkat tinggi / HOTS, Mendorong siswa untuk belajar secara kontekstual, dan mendorong siswa untuk belajar sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi
EXPRESSION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM GENES IN TOMATO PLANTS INFECTED BY MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA
Authors: Zinovieva S. V. , Udalova Z. V. , Khasanov F. K.
Published: May 2024

Data were presented from a study on expression of resistance gene Mi-1.2 of
protective genes of the PR gene family (PR-2, PR-3) and genes of serine and
cysteine proteinase (PIser PIcys) inhibitors in tissues of tomato plants of resistant
and susceptible hybrids infected by gall nematodes and an assessment of their role
in parasite resistance was given. Differences were detected in the expression of the
studied genes at all stages of nematode development in the roots of resistant and
susceptible plants. The studies showed that the infection of resistant plants caused
an increase in the study gene transcripts as early as in the initial period of infection,
which indicated the response time to nematode larvae penetration and the speed
of adequate protective response. Changes in the defense response-related gene
expression in infected susceptible plants were insignificant and appeared after the
larvae penetrated the roots, which may be one of the reasons for disease progress.
The increased expression of the studied genes that encode protective proteins in
infected roots of resistant plants found at all parasite development stages indicates
the importance of protective proteins in tomato plant resistance to gall nematode.
PHYTONEMATODES IN CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA
SUBSP. CAPITATA L.) AGROCENOSES IN EASTERN FERGANA
Authors: Kambarov S. S. , Eshova H. S.
Published: May 2024

The article provides data on the species composition, ecological groups, and
distribution of plant nematodes in cabbage agrocenoses in Eastern Fergana. The
result identified 39 plant nematode species that belonged to two subclasses, 7
orders, 15 families and 25 genera. In terms of species composition, representatives
of the orders Rhabditida, Dorylaimida and Tylenchida dominated. Aphelenchida
species had an average abundance; species of Plectida, Mononchida and Enoplida
orders had the lowest abundance. Most of the identified species were distributed
in the root system and rhizosphere. The above-ground organs and the root system
of the cabbage mainly contained species of the genera Rhabditis, Panagrolaimus,
Chiloplacus, Aphelenchus, and Ditylenchus. In terms of nutrition and ecology,
pararhizobionts and devisaprobionts predominated; eusaprobionts, nonspecific and
true phytohelminths were less common. Of true parasites, the most common species
were Ditylenchus dipsaci, Meloidogyne hapla, and M. incognita. Of which, species
of the genus Meloidogyne were more often found in the Jalaquduq and Asakinsky
Districts, and the infection of cabbage roots by these nematodes was observed. Plant
nematodes in cabbage agrocenoses were uneven in species and quantity. By region,
number of species and their composition, the most common parasites were found in
agrocenoses of the low adyr zone.
ASSOCIATIVE COURSE OF DIROFILARIASIS IN THE CAT CAUSED BY DIROFILARIA IMMITIS AND DIROFILARIA REPEN
Authors: Kravchenko V. M. , Itin G. S. , Kravchenko G. A.
Published: May 2024

Since 2006, dirofilariasis of domestic and wild carnivores has been an inpatient
condition in the North-West Caucasus. Until 2023, we only recorded the infection
with one Dirofilaria species, Dirofilaria immitis in the cat. In 2023, we used the
method of pathoanatomical dissection to record, for the first time in the region, an
associative infection caused by sexually mature nematodes Dirofilaria immitis and
Dirofilaria repens in a dead Siamese cat aged 7 years diagnosed with seropurulent
dermatitis that had been taken to the Veterinary Clinic of the Kuban State Agrarian
University, the Yeisk District (flooded landscape and geographical zone) to establish
the cause of death. Mature nematodes Dirofilaria immitis were localized in the
right heart (atrium) and pulmonary artery in the number of 5 specimens, of which
were 2 males and 3 females. Mature nematodes Dirofilaria repens in the number
of 3 specimens, one male and 2 females, were located freely in the subcutaneous
tissue and localized in the area of the right mammary glands. We explain this by the
fact that nematode Dirofilaria repens does not show such flexibility to adaptation
as Dirofilaria immitis in the cat as a species, which is obviously due to its specific
anatomical and physiological features.
THE 120th BIRTH ANNIVERSARY OF ACADEMICIAN VLADIMIR S. ERSHOV (1904–1988)
Authors: Uspensky A. V. , Arisov M. V.
Published: May 2024

Vladimir Stepanovich Ershov (1904–1988) is an outstanding parasitologist, closest associate and follower of Academician K. I. Skryabin, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Full Member of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and
Laureate of the USSR State Prize. 2024 marks the 120th anniversary of his birth, July 26, 1904. The main direction of scientific activities of V. S. Ershov was the immunity
study in helminth infections. His works "The immunity mechanism in helminth infections", "Helminth infections as allergic diseases" and others are devoted to this problem; in total, he published over 200 works, including textbooks, study guides and
monographs many of which were translated into foreign languages. An important place in V. S. Ershov’s activities was occupied with the work on veterinary service organization, veterinary and zootechnical education. In 1945, he was appointed as Head of the Main Veterinary Directorate of State Farms of the Ministry of State Farms of the RSFSR, then Head of the Main Directorate of Zoo-Veterinary Universities of the Ministry of Higher Education. In 1954, Vladimir Stepanovich
became the Director of the Moscow Fur Institute, and a year later, Vice-Rector of
the Moscow Veterinary Academy. In 1957, V. S. Ershov was appointed Director of
the VIGIS, which he headed for a quarter of the century. Due to the organizational
skills of Vladimir Stepanovich, the VIGIS quickly grew from a small team into a
large center of helminthological science. V. S. Ershov took part in International
Veterinary Congresses, was elected an honorary member of several foreign societies
of parasitology (Washington, East Germany, Bulgaria, etc.), and an honorary
member of the World Association for Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, a
member of the State Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles and the Lenin
and State Prize Committee. For his enormous contribution to the development of
science, V.S. Ershov was awarded Orders of Lenin, the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor (twice), the Badge of Honor (twice) and Peoples’ Friendship and medals. Vladimir Stepanovich passed away in 1988.
TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF THE SPLEEN OF THE BAIKAL CISCO (LAKE BAIKAL, EASTERN SIBERIA)
Authors: Mazur O. E. , Kutyrev I. A. , Sidorova T. V. , Sukhanova L. V. , Terenina N. B. , Movsesyan S. O.
Published: May 2024

For the first time, new data have been presented on the spleen transcriptome of the
Baikal cisco Coregonus migratorius Georgi, 1775 (Salmoniformes: Coregonidae),
infected with parasites of different systematic groups. Transcriptomic libraries
were sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq550 sequencer using the NextSeq®
550 High Output Kit v2. The de-novo transcriptome was assembled. Conserved
domains and their associated Gene Ontology annotations were predicted with
Blast2Go. The annotation results of the obtained transcripts found that transcripts
were distributed in the spleen into the following categories: molecular functions,
biological processes, and cellular components. Among the molecular functions,
transcripts of enzyme binding (25.8%), transferase activity (24.7%), hydrolase
activity (24.4%), catalytic activity affecting proteins (22.2%), and DNA binding
(21%) predominated. Biological processes were dominated by transcripts of cellular
processes (46.7%), metabolic processes (38.6%), biological regulation (38.2%), and
regulation components of biological processes (36.6%). The category of cellular GO
components identified terms, namely cytoplasmic vesicles (25.9%), cytoplasmic
membranes (23.1%), nucleoplasm (22.1%), cytoskeletal part (18.6%), cytosol and
cellular compounds (17%) in a greater extent.
MORPHOLOGICAL ARTIFACTS ON HISTOLOGIC SPECIMENS OF PARAMPHISTOMIDS (TREMATODA, PARAMPHISTOMIDAE) AND THEIR ROLE IN CORRECT DIAGNOSIS OF SPECIES
Authors: Moskvin A. S.
Published: May 2024

The introduction of a histological method into practice of species diagnostics
of trematodes of the suborder Paramphistomata Skrjabin et Schulz, 1937,
contributed to regular reports on the discovery of new trematode species in the
family Paramphistomidae Fischoeder, 1901. At the same time, several new species
were described based on identification of specific histological morphological
characteristics which in fact turned out to be artifacts in subsequent detailed
analysis. Based on this argument, paramphistomid species described in domestic
literature sources, namely, Cotylophoron skrjabini, Cotylophoron vigisi, Ceylonocotyle
petrowi, Liorchis hiberniae and Liorchis scotiae are considered as invalid. The cause
of morphological artifacts on histological sections of paramphistomids are firstly
non–standardized or incorrect primary treatment with fixing chemical agents of
parasite isolates detected during necropsy in definitive hosts; secondly, errors in the
implementation of general histological technique elements which in the applied
approach are critically important and require the development of methodologic
modernization adapted to work with biological objects with morphological traits;
thirdly, incorrect subjective perception of histological artifacts, their false acceptance
as distinctive species characters that have diagnostic value in taxonomy of the family representatives. It is necessary to develop optimized methodological techniques
adapted to the applied purpose of teaching methods based on general histological
technology elements the implementation of which will help to avoid morphological
artifacts on histological sections of paramphistomids.
DISTRIBUTION OF TREMATODE METACERCARIA IN CYPRINID FISH IN NATURAL RESERVOIRS OF THE LIPETSK REGION
Authors: Romashov B. V. , Romashova N. B. , Bakhtina A. V.
Published: May 2024

Applied parasitology considers cyprinid fish as a source of infection of humans and
domestic animals with zoonotic trematodes. A preliminary assessment of the species
diversity of trematode metacercariae was carried out on one reservoir (Usman River)
in the Lipetsk Region in 2021-2022. In 2023, the geography of collections was
expanded; research was carried out on five rivers in the southern part of the Lipetsk
Region. The materials were collected on rivers Voronezh, Matyra, Sosna, Snova, and
Usman. We examined 197 cyprinid fish of 8 species: roach (57 specimens), bleak (22
specimens), rudd (42 specimens), silver bream (43 specimens), bream (3 specimens),
dace (6 specimens), Prussian carp (17 specimens) and gudgeon (7 specimens). Eight
trematode metacercariae species were recorded, the total prevalence for 8 cyprinid
species was 87.3%. The highest prevalence rates were observed for metacercariae
Pseudamphistomum truncatum, Paracoenogonimus ovatus and Posthodiplostomum
cuticula; half as high for Opisthorchis felineus, Metorchis bilis and Metorchis
xanthosomus; and minimal for Rhipidocotyle campanula and Apophallus muehlingi.
Distribution irregularities were detected for trematode metacercariae in individual
reservoirs. The most common was P. ovatus recorded in all cyprinid species.
PARASITE FAUNA OF THE PERSIAN GAZELLE (GAZELLA SUBGUTTUROSA GULDENSTADT, 1780)
Authors: Suleimenov M. Z. , Berkinbay O. B. , Omarov B. B.
Published: May 2024

The article presents data from studies on intestinal parasites of Persian gazelles in
the Altyn-Emel State National Natural Park. In the Park, Persian gazelles were
found to have 6 parasite species including 1 eimeria species, E. elegans, 1 cestode
species, Avitellina centripunctata, and 4 nematode species, Setaria labiatopapillosa,
Nematodirus gazellae, Nematodirella gazellae and Trichocephalus skrjabini. The
eimeria infection rate in Persian gazelles was 37.5%, with the infection intensity of
11±3 oocysts. 12.5% of the Persian gazelles were infected with Avitellina; two cestode
eggs were found from each animal. Nematodiruses infected 25.0% of the animals;
the nematode infection intensity was 19±7 eggs. Nematodirella also infected 25.0%
of the Persian gazelles, but the invasion intensity was less than 7±2 eggs. The
trichocephalian infection was 37.5% in the animals with the infection intensity of
9±3 eggs. Twenty-three setaria specimens were found on serous membranes of the
intestine, liver, pancreas, and diaphragm. Eimeria (Eimeria elegans) is strictly specific and only parasitizes on Persian gazelles. Cestodes (Avitellina centripunctata) and
nematodes (Setaria labiatopapillosa, Nematodirus gazellae, Nematodirella gazellae,
Trichocephalus skrjabini) are not specific species; they are found in other wild and
domestic animals. The role of the Persian gazelle in the spread of helminthiasis in
livestock animals is insignificant. Firstly, the number of Persian gazelles is limited;
they live in hard-to-reach limited pasture areas and do not make continuous
migrations. Secondly, the helminth fauna in Persian gazelles is poorer as compared
to the helminth fauna in domestic animals.