bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust fetoscopic mosaicking from deep learned flow fields
Authors: Alabi Oluwatosin , Bano Sophia , Vasconcelos Francisco , David Anna L. , Deprest Jan , Stoyanov Danail
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation is a minimally invasive procedure to treat twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome during pregnancy by stopping irregular blood flow in the placenta. Building an image mosaic of the placenta and its network of vessels could assist surgeons to navigate in the challenging fetoscopic environment during the procedure.

Methodology

We propose a fetoscopic mosaicking approach by combining deep learning-based optical flow with robust estimation for filtering inconsistent motions that occurs due to floating particles and specularities. While the current state of the art for fetoscopic mosaicking relies on clearly visible vessels for registration, our approach overcomes this limitation by considering the motion of all consistent pixels within consecutive frames. We also overcome the challenges in applying off-the-shelf optical flow to fetoscopic mosaicking through the use of robust estimation and local refinement.

Results

We compare our proposed method against the state-of-the-art vessel-based and optical flow-based image registration methods, and robust estimation alternatives. We also compare our proposed pipeline using different optical flow and robust estimation alternatives.

Conclusions

Through analysis of our results, we show that our method outperforms both the vessel-based state of the art and LK, noticeably when vessels are either poorly visible or too thin to be reliably identified. Our approach is thus able to build consistent placental vessel mosaics in challenging cases where currently available alternatives fail.
Dreams and nightmares during the pandemic
Authors: Ableidinger Severin , Nierwetberg Franziska , Holzinger Brigitte
Published: May 2022

The pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a huge impact on public mental health. This was also reflected in dreams. Not only did people start to remember more dreams, but dream content changed as themes like sickness, confinement, and—in the English-speaking world—even bugs began to dominate. This also led to an increase in nightmare frequency. There are various factors that contributed to this change in the dream landscape. Some people have started to sleep more and hereby spend more time in REM sleep, which is known to increase dream recall and further lead to bizarre and vivid dreams. On the other hand, stress and poor mental health had an impact on sleep, and sleep quality thus dropped in many individuals. Poor sleep quality can also lead to an increase in dream recall. Dreams are known to regulate mood, so the rise in dreams and the change in dream content could also reflect a reaction to the overall rise in stress and decline in mental health. Recent studies have shown that as the pandemic progresses, further changes in mental health, dream recall, and dream content arise, but data are still scarce. Further research could help understand the impact the pandemic still has on mental health and dreams, and how this impact is changing over the course of the pandemic.
Encouraging research on recursive thinking through the lens of a model of the spread of contagious diseases
Authors: Sandefur James , Manaster Alfred B.
Published: May 2022

Recursive reasoning is a powerful tool used extensively in problem solving. For us, recursive reasoning includes iteration, sequences, difference equations, discrete dynamical systems, pattern identification, and mathematical induction; all of these can represent how things change, but in discrete jumps. Given the school mathematics curriculum’s later emphasis on calculus—the mathematics of change in continuous contexts—it is surprising that the curriculum seems to neglect recursive thinking after the early grades. Research shows that recursion supports the learning of algebra among younger students, but the lack of similar research with older students is concerning. In this paper we suggest possible affordances from teaching recursive modeling, including a basic model of the spread of contagious diseases. We also discuss different ways to present these models at various points in the curriculum that might develop connections between mathematics and the real world, and support students’ learning of mathematics. This leads to what we, as mathematicians, think would be interesting research questions for mathematical educators.
Differentiation Epitopes Define Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Change with Cell Cycle Passage
Authors: Goldberg Laura R. , Dooner Mark S. , Papa Elaine , Pereira Mandy , Del Tatto Michael , Cheng Yan , Wen Sicheng , Quesenberry Peter J.
Published: May 2022

Hematopoietic stem cells express differentiation markers B220 and Gr1 and are proliferative. We have shown that the expression of these entities changes with cell cycle passage. Overall, we conclude that primitive hematopoietic stem cells alter their differentiation potential with cell cycle progression.

Graphical Abstract

Murine derived long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) are cycling and thus always changing phenotype. Here we show that over one half of marrow LT-HSC are in the population expressing differentiation epitopes and that B220 and Gr-1 positive populations are replete with LT-HSC after a single FACS separation but if subjected to a second separation these cells no longer contain LT-HSC. However, with second separated cells there is a population appearing that is B220 negative and replete with cycling c-Kit, Sca-1 CD150 positive LT-HSC. There is a 3–4 h interval between the first and second B220 or GR-1 FACS separation during which the stem cells continue to cycle. Thus, the LT-HSC have lost B220 or GR-1 expression as the cells progress through cell cycle, although they have maintained the c-kit, Sca-1 and CD150 stem cells markers over this time interval. These data indicate that cycling stem cells express differentiation epitopes and alter their differentiation potential with cell cycle passage.
The 16th-19th Century Soundtoll Registers Online: Uncovering Traded Plant Diversity between the North and the Baltic Seas
Authors: De Groot W. , Van Andel T. , Kool A. , Hazenberg M. , Kjesrud K. , Teixidor-Toneu I.
Published: May 2022

Studies of European trade have largely focused on bulk commodities, ignoring minor products. The Danish Soundtoll Registers Online (STRO) document the North-Baltic Seas maritime trade from the 16th century to the 19th. They are an untapped resource to understand the trade of plant products. Here, we present an overview of plants recorded in the STRO from 1497–1857, based on thousands of handwritten vernacular plant name variations in Danish. We found 264 plant products corresponding to 140 botanical taxa. We confirm previous findings regarding bulk goods, such as wood, wine, and (sub)tropical spices, but also uncover trade of wild food plants and herbal medicines. Notably dodder (Cuscuta spp.) and purging cassia (Cassia fistula L.) were traded as frequently as currently well-known plant-based commodities such as tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] Kuntze) and rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.). This indicates their former importance. Through the botanically identified dataset we present here, the STRO reveal the diversity of historical plant trade. We discuss what this overview adds to the understanding of historic plant trade in Europe and outline suggestions for future research that can be addressed using these data.
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Iranian Oil and Gas Industry Planning: A Survey of Business Continuity Challenges
Authors: Razavi Seyyed Abdollah , Asgary Ali , Khaleghi Marjan
Published: May 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has severely affected various aspects of life, and its compounding and cascading impacts have been observed in most industries and firms. The oil and gas (O&G) industry was among the first to experience the impacts as the pandemic began due to the global economic recession and a sharp decline in demand for oil. The pandemic revealed major risk management and business continuity challenges and uncovered some of the vulnerabilities of the O&G industry and its major companies during a prolonged global disaster. Examining and understanding how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the O&G sector in different countries, considering their unique circumstances, can provide important lessons for managing the current and future similar events. This study investigated various impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the O&G industry using Iran’s Pars Oil and Gas Company (POGC) as a case study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key managers of the company. Qualitative methods, specifically thematic analysis, were used to analyze the data. Findings of this study provide further insights into how the pandemic impacted the operations, risks, and business continuity of the POCG. The results show that the pandemic caused significant operational, financial, and legal impacts by disrupting routine maintenance, reducing the availability of human resources under the public health measures and mobility restrictions, increasing processing and delivery times, increasing costs and decreasing revenues, and delaying contractual obligations.
Stochastic dynamics of vortex-acoustic lock-in: stochastic bifurcation and resonance
Authors: Mariappan Sathesh
Published: May 2022

We perform a theoretical study to understand vortex-acoustic lock-in in the presence of an additive Gaussian white noise using a lower-order model. The acoustic field is realized as an external harmonic excitation. Frequency, harmonic excitation and noise amplitudes are varied over ranges encountered in practical and lab-scale combustors. Probability density functions (PDFs) for shedding time periods and phase instants are obtained in the Fokker–Planck framework. Unlike the general scenario, where stochastic bifurcation is identified by a qualitative change in the stationary PDFs, in this case, stochastic lock-in is identified by a qualitative change in the spectrum of the transition probability matrix. The effect of the noise is to reduce the extent of lock-in while preserving the underlying deterministic dynamical features. Although various orders of lock-in are identified, 1 : 1 stochastic lock-in with the excitation frequency close to the natural vortex shedding frequency is found to be the most favourable condition for combustion instability to occur. We show that lock-in can be accompanied by both instability and amplitude suppression. Stochastic resonance is also observed; however, its contribution to instability is marginal.
Evolution of the Chinese Intellectual Property Rights System: IPR Law Revisions and Enforcement
Authors: Hong Jie , Edler Jakob , Massini Silvia
Published: May 2022

Since the first Trademark Law was enacted in China in 1982, the Chinese intellectual property rights (IPR) system has undergone significant changes in both the design of the legislation and its enforcement. In this article, we analyze the evolution of IPR legislation and enforcement in China. To this end, we illustrate the evolutionary changes of the Chinese IPR system and analyze the changes introduced in four revisions (1992–1993, 2000–2001, 2008–2013, and 2019–2020). Our analysis shows that Patent Law, Trademark Law, and Copyright Law have been substantially enhanced, especially since 2000, when China improved its IPR system to comply with the TRIPS Agreement and join the WTO, and especially the most recent amendments of these three IP Laws. We discuss the number of IPR infringement cases handled by both relevant administrative authorities and courts to analyze IPR enforcement in China. Results indicate that the development of IPR protection enforcement followed the improvement of relevant IPR laws. The two revisions introduced after 2008, changes in the Chinese IPR system, and an increasing number of IPR infringement cases handled by relevant authorities also suggest the willingness of the Chinese government to further enhance its IPR protection.
Magical thinking in individuals with high polygenic risk for schizophrenia but no non-affective psychoses—a general population study
Authors: Saarinen Aino , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , Hietala Jarmo , Dobewall Henrik , Lavonius Veikka , Raitakari Olli , Kähönen Mika , Sormunen Elina , Lehtimäki Terho , Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa
Published: May 2022

A strong genetic background for psychoses is well-established. Most individuals with a high genetic risk for schizophrenia, however, do not develop the disorder. We investigated whether individuals, who have a high genetic risk for schizophrenia but no non-affective psychotic disorders, are predisposed to develop milder forms of deviant thinking in terms of magical thinking. Participants came from the population-based Young Finns Study (n = 1292). The polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS) was calculated on the basis of the most recent genome-wide association study (GWAS). Psychiatric diagnoses over the lifespan were collected up to 2017 from the registry of hospital care. Magical thinking was evaluated with the Spiritual Acceptance Scale (e.g., beliefs in telepathy, miracles, mystical events, or sixth sense) of the Temperament and Character Inventory in 1997, 2001, and 2012 (participants were 20–50-year-olds). We found that, among those who did not develop non-affective psychotic disorders, high PRS predicted higher magical thinking in adulthood (p = 0.001). Further, PRS predicted different developmental courses: a low PRS predicted a steady decrease in magical thinking from age 20 to 50 years, while in individuals with high PRS the decrease in magical thinking ceased in middle age so that their level of magical thinking remained higher than expected for that age. These findings remained when controlling for sex, childhood family environment, and adulthood socioeconomic factors. In conclusion, if high PRS does not lead to a non-affective psychotic disorder, it predicts milder forms of deviant thinking such as elevated magical thinking in adulthood, especially in middle age. The finding enhances our understanding of different outcomes of high genetic psychosis risk.
How should we report the foveal status in eyes with “macula-off” retinal detachment?
Authors: Klaas Julian E. , Siedlecki Jakob , Steel David H. , Laidlaw D. Alistair H. , Priglinger Siegfried
Published: May 2022

Whilst pre- and postoperative multimodal imaging technologies including optical coherence tomography (OCT) have investigated the morphological correlates of worsened visual outcomes in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with foveal involvement, the nomenclature has adhered to the traditional ophthalmoscopy-based and rather vague term “macula-off”. This article appraises the current literature with regard to the preoperative assessment and nomenclature of the foveal status in macula involving retinal detachment (MIRD). A literature review of recent publications assessing functional or morphological outcomes in MIRD was conducted, using the search terms “fovea-off” or “macula-off”. The search date was April 28th, 2021. Original studies in English language were included. Case reports, review articles or letters were excluded. Forty relevant articles (range of publication dates: July 29th, 2020 - April 18th, 2021) were reviewed to assess the diagnostic modalities used, morphological parameters assessed, and any specific nomenclature introduced to specify the extent of macular detachment. The results suggest widespread variability and inconsistencies with regard to the preoperative assessment, diagnostic modalities and nomenclature used to describe the foveal status in eyes with RRD termed “macula-off”. The extent of macular detachment may be classified by a wide range of morphological parameters, including the height of foveal detachment and the ETDRS grid as overlay tool in OCT devices. There is a scientific and clinical need for an updated nomenclature for eyes with “macula-off” RRD. Preoperative OCT findings should be reported on a regular and standardized basis in order to establish a consensus how to report the foveal status in eyes with MIRD.
Tracking perovskite crystallization via deep learning-based feature detection on 2D X-ray scattering data
Authors: Starostin Vladimir , Munteanu Valentin , Greco Alessandro , Kneschaurek Ekaterina , Pleli Alina , Bertram Florian , Gerlach Alexander , Hinderhofer Alexander , Schreiber Frank
Published: May 2022

Understanding the processes of perovskite crystallization is essential for improving the properties of organic solar cells. In situ real-time grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) is a key technique for this task, but it produces large amounts of data, frequently exceeding the capabilities of traditional data processing methods. We propose an automated pipeline for the analysis of GIXD images, based on the Faster Region-based Convolutional Network architecture for object detection, modified to conform to the specifics of the scattering data. The model exhibits high accuracy in detecting diffraction features on noisy patterns with various experimental artifacts. We demonstrate our method on real-time tracking of organic-inorganic perovskite structure crystallization and test it on two applications: 1. the automated phase identification and unit-cell determination of two coexisting phases of Ruddlesden–Popper 2D perovskites, and 2. the fast tracking of MAPbI3 perovskite formation. By design, our approach is equally suitable for other crystalline thin-film materials.
Timescale of a magmatic-hydrothermal system revealed by 40Ar–39Ar geochronology: the Mio-Pliocene Campiglia Marittima system (Tuscany, Italy)
Authors: Di Vincenzo Gianfranco , Vezzoni Simone , Dini Andrea , Rocchi Sergio
Published: May 2022

Petrology and timing of magmatic-hydrothermal systems and the linkage between plutonic and volcanic domains are central topics in geosciences, because of broad implications for natural hazards and exploitation of natural resources. We investigated by the 40Ar–39Ar method the timescale of a well-characterized natural example, the Mio-Pliocene Campiglia Marittima magmatic-hydrothermal system (Tuscany, Italy). 40Ar–39Ar data from pristine and homogeneous trioctahedral micas and sanidine from the plutonic-hydrothermal-subvolcanic-volcanic sequence (from the Botro ai Marmi Granite to the San Vincenzo Rhyolite) record crystallization ages and define a temporal sequence lasting 973 ± 43 ka, starting from 5.409 ± 0.043 Ma. K-feldspar from mafic and felsic porphyries, unlike micas, are affected by submillimetre, micropore laden, alteration domains consisting of secondary K-feldspar and albite, and yielded staircase-shaped age spectra, compatible with a ternary mixing. Results document that the San Vincenzo Rhyolite consists of two diachronous batches, the first emplaced at 5.0024 ± 0.0062 Ma, closely following emplacement of mafic porphyries, the second at 4.4359 ± 0.0045 Ma. Bulk of hydrothermal deposits, consisting of skarns and associated Zn–Pb(-Ag) mineralization predating Fe–Cu ore, formed within the first ~ 400-ka lifetime of the whole sequence and was closely followed by the first eruption which should have run out most of the ore-forming potential of the system.
Interpretability and fairness evaluation of deep learning models on MIMIC-IV dataset
Authors: Meng Chuizheng , Trinh Loc , Xu Nan , Enouen James , Liu Yan
Published: May 2022

The recent release of large-scale healthcare datasets has greatly propelled the research of data-driven deep learning models for healthcare applications. However, due to the nature of such deep black-boxed models, concerns about interpretability, fairness, and biases in healthcare scenarios where human lives are at stake call for a careful and thorough examination of both datasets and models. In this work, we focus on MIMIC-IV (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care, version IV), the largest publicly available healthcare dataset, and conduct comprehensive analyses of interpretability as well as dataset representation bias and prediction fairness of deep learning models for in-hospital mortality prediction. First, we analyze the interpretability of deep learning mortality prediction models and observe that (1) the best-performing interpretability method successfully identifies critical features for mortality prediction on various prediction models as well as recognizing new important features that domain knowledge does not consider; (2) prediction models rely on demographic features, raising concerns in fairness. Therefore, we then evaluate the fairness of models and do observe the unfairness: (1) there exists disparate treatment in prescribing mechanical ventilation among patient groups across ethnicity, gender and age; (2) models often rely on racial attributes unequally across subgroups to generate their predictions. We further draw concrete connections between interpretability methods and fairness metrics by showing how feature importance from interpretability methods can be beneficial in quantifying potential disparities in mortality predictors. Our analysis demonstrates that the prediction performance is not the only factor to consider when evaluating models for healthcare applications, since high prediction performance might be the result of unfair utilization of demographic features. Our findings suggest that future research in AI models for healthcare applications can benefit from utilizing the analysis workflow of interpretability and fairness as well as verifying if models achieve superior performance at the cost of introducing bias.
A retrospective study on the clinicopathological and molecular features of 22 cases of natural killer/T-cell lymphoma in children and adolescents
Authors: Wang Guan‑Nan , Zhao Wu‑Gan , Zhang Xu-Dong , Jian Xiang-Yu , Zhang Chong-Li , Zhang Ming-Zhi , Li Wen‑Cai
Published: May 2022

Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) in children and adolescents is a rare type of T/NK cell neoplasms. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinicopathological and genetic features of this rare entity of lymphoma. We evaluated the clinical, histopathological and molecular features of 22 young people with NKTCL, including 15 males and 7 females, with a median age of 15 years. The results revealed that the nasal site was the most involved region while non-nasal sites were observed in 27.3% out of all cases. The tumor cells were composed of small‑sized to large cells and 19 (86.4%) cases exhibited coagulative necrosis. The neoplastic cells in all patients were positive for CD3 and the cytotoxic markers. Nineteen (86.4%) cases were positive for CD56. Reduced expression of CD5 was observed in all available cases. CD30 was heterogeneously expressed in 15 (75.0%) cases. All 22 patients were EBV positive. Seven (36.8%) out of all the 19 patients during the follow-up died of the disease, and the median follow‑up period was 44 months. Moreover, patients treated with radiotherapy/chemotherapy showed significantly inferior OS compared with the untreated patients. High mutation frequencies were detected including KMT2C (5/5), MST1 (5/5), HLA-A (3/5) and BCL11A (3/5), which involved in modifications, tumor suppression and immune surveillance. These results suggest that NKTCL in children and adolescents exhibits histopathological and immunohistochemical features similar to the cases in adults. Active treatment is necessary after the diagnosis of NKTCL is confirmed. Furthermore, genetic analyse may provide a deep understanding of this rare disease.
Hybrid confocal fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy for the label-free investigation of melanin accumulation in fish scales
Authors: Tserevelakis George J. , Pavlidis Michalis , Samaras Athanasios , Barmparis Georgios D. , Mavrakis Kostas G. , Draganidis Ioannis , Oikonomou Athanasios , Fanouraki Eleftheria , Tsironis Giorgos P. , Zacharakis Giannis
Published: May 2022

Lower vertebrates, including fish, can rapidly alter skin lightness through changes in melanin concentration and melanosomes’ mobility according to various factors, which include background color, light intensity, ambient temperature, social context, husbandry practices and acute or chronic stressful stimuli. Within this framework, the determination of skin chromaticity parameters in fish species is estimated either in specific areas using colorimeters or at the whole animal level using image processing and analysis software. Nevertheless, the accurate quantification of melanin content or melanophore coverage in fish skin is quite challenging as a result of the laborious chemical analysis and the typical application of simple optical imaging methods, requiring also to euthanize the fish in order to obtain large skin samples for relevant investigations. Here we present the application of a novel hybrid confocal fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy prototype for the label-free imaging and quantification of melanin in fish scales samples with high spatial resolution, sensitivity and detection specificity. The hybrid images are automatically processed through optimized algorithms, aiming at the accurate and rapid extraction of various melanin accumulation indices in large datasets (i.e., total melanin content, melanophores’ area, density and coverage) corresponding to different fish species and groups. Furthermore, convolutional neural network-based algorithms have been trained using the recorded data towards the classification of different scales’ samples with high accuracy. In this context, we demonstrate that the proposed methodology may increase substantially the precision, as well as, simplify and expedite the relevant procedures for the quantification of melanin content in marine organisms.
Quality of life and patient satisfaction with raloxifene/cholecalciferol combination therapy in postmenopausal women
Authors: Lee Dong-Yun , Chung Yoon-Sok
Published: May 2022

This study was performed to evaluate quality of life (QOL) and patient satisfaction with raloxifene/cholecalciferol combination therapy in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. This multicenter, prospective, noninterventional observational study included 3907 postmenopausal women who received a combination of raloxifene 60 mg and cholecalciferol 800 IU daily to treat or prevent osteoporosis. Changes in QOL and patient satisfaction were evaluated after 3 and 6 months of treatment. In addition, the safety profile was assessed. Mean age was 67.7 ± 9.3 years old. QOL, assessed by European Quality of life instrument 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) index, improved significantly after 3 months (0.81 ± 0.11, P < 0.001) and 6 months (0.82 ± 0.11, P < 0.001) of treatment compared to the baseline (0.78 ± 0.14). Improvement in QOL was also significant regardless of previous regimens both in women who were switched from other drugs (bisphosphonates or selective estrogen receptor modulators) and in women who received the study drug for the first time (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Percentage of women satisfied with the effects (from 37.3 to 67.7%, P < 0.001) and convenience (from 42.8 to 74.1%, P < 0.001) of treatment compared to previous medication significantly increased after 6 months of treatment. In addition, serious adverse drug reactions did not occur, and hot flushes were observed only in 12 women (0.3%). Combination therapy with raloxifene and cholecalciferol significantly improves quality of life with no serious adverse events and high patient satisfaction at 6 months. Our real-world data suggest that this regimen is a promising option for postmenopausal women with low bone mass.
Dietary intervention improves health metrics and life expectancy of the genetically obese Titan mouse
Authors: Müller-Eigner Annika , Sanz-Moreno Adrián , de-Diego Irene , Venkatasubramani Anuroop Venkateswaran , Langhammer Martina , Gerlini Raffaele , Rathkolb Birgit , Aguilar-Pimentel Antonio , Klein-Rodewald Tanja , Calzada-Wack Julia , Becker Lore , Palma-Vera Sergio , Gille Benedikt , Forne Ignasi , Imhof Axel , Meng Chen , Ludwig Christina , Koch Franziska , Heiker John T. , Kuhla Angela , Caton Vanessa , Brenmoehl Julia , Reyer Henry , Schoen Jennifer , Fuchs Helmut , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Hoeflich Andreas , de Angelis Martin Hrabe , Peleg Shahaf
Published: May 2022

Suitable animal models are essential for translational research, especially in the case of complex, multifactorial conditions, such as obesity. The non-inbred mouse (Mus musculus) line Titan, also known as DU6, is one of the world’s longest selection experiments for high body mass and was previously described as a model for metabolic healthy (benign) obesity. The present study further characterizes the geno- and phenotypes of this non-inbred mouse line and tests its suitability as an interventional obesity model. In contrast to previous findings, our data suggest that Titan mice are metabolically unhealthy obese and short-lived. Line-specific patterns of genetic invariability are in accordance with observed phenotypic traits. Titan mice also show modifications in the liver transcriptome, proteome, and epigenome linked to metabolic (dys)regulations. Importantly, dietary intervention partially reversed the metabolic phenotype in Titan mice and significantly extended their life expectancy. Therefore, the Titan mouse line is a valuable resource for translational and interventional obesity research.
Mapping transgene insertion sites reveals the α-Cre transgene expression in both developing retina and olfactory neurons
Authors: Fan Yimeng , Chen Wenyue , Wei Ran , Qiang Wei , Pearson Joel D. , Yu Tao , Bremner Rod , Chen Danian
Published: May 2022

TheTg(Pax6-cre,GFP)2Pgr(α-Cre) mouse is a commonly used Cre line thought to be retinal-specific. Using targeted locus amplification (TLA), we mapped the insertion site of the transgene, and defined primers useful to deduce zygosity. Further analyses revealed four tandem copies of the transgene. The insertion site mapped to clusters of vomeronasal and olfactory receptor genes. UsingR26RandAi14Cre reporter mice, we confirmed retinal Cre activity, but also detected expression in Gα0+olfactory neurons. Mostα-Cre+olfactory neurons do not express Pax6, implicating the influence of neighboring regulatory elements. RT-PCR and buried food pellet test did not detect any effects of the transgene on flanking genes in the nasal mucosa and retina. Together, these data precisely mapα-Cre, show that it does not affect surrounding loci, but reveal previously unanticipated transgene expression in olfactory neurons. Theα-Cremouse can be a valuable tool in both retinal and olfactory research.
Low-temperature magnetic crossover in the topological kagome magnet TbMn6Sn6
Authors: Mielke III C. , Ma W. L. , Pomjakushin V. , Zaharko O. , Sturniolo S. , Liu X. , Ukleev V. , White J. S. , Yin J.-X. , Tsirkin S. S. , Larsen C. B. , Cochran T. A. , Medarde M. , Porée V. , Das D. , Gupta R. , Wang C. N. , Chang J. , Wang Z. Q. , Khasanov R. , Neupert T. , Amato A. , Liborio L. , Jia S. , Hasan M. Z. , Luetkens H. , Guguchia Z.
Published: May 2022

Magnetic topological phases of quantum matter are an emerging frontier in physics and materials science, of which kagome magnets appear as a highly promising platform. Here, we explore magnetic correlations in the recently identified topological kagome system TbMn6Sn6using muon spin rotation, combined with local field analysis and neutron diffraction. Our studies identify an out-of-plane ferrimagnetic structure with slow magnetic fluctuations which exhibit a critical slowing down below$${T}_{{{{{{{{\rm{C1}}}}}}}}}^{* }$$TC1* ≃ 120 K and finally freeze into static patches with ideal out-of-plane order belowTC1 ≃ 20 K. We further show that hydrostatic pressure of 2.1 GPa stabilises the static out-of-plane topological ferrimagnetic ground state in the whole volume of the sample. Therefore the exciting perspective arises of a magnetically-induced topological system whose magnetism can be controlled through external parameters. The present results will stimulate theoretical investigations to obtain a microscopic understanding of the relation between the low-temperature volume-wise magnetic evolution of the staticc-axis ferrimagnetic patches and the topological electronic properties in TbMn6Sn6.
Temporal and spectral hybrid bound state in continuum and its reliance on the correlation
Authors: Mujahid Anas , Imran Muhammad , Fan Huanrong , Ahmed Irfan , Yuan Taoli , Feng Zhou , Nadeem Faisal , Zhang Yanpeng
Published: May 2022

The hybrid bound states in the continuum (BIC) in time and spectral domain obtained from Eu3+/Pr3+ doped YPO4 and BiPO4 crystals have been investigated. We further found the relationship between BIC and correlation.
Enhancement of thermal stability of proteinase K by biocompatible cholinium-based ionic liquids
Authors: Li Rui , Liu Zhuo , Jiang Fan , Zhao Yang , Yang Guangyu , Hong Liang
Published: May 2022

The anions of cholinium-based IL molecules interact with the protein through hydrogen bonding and other interactions, causing great influence on the thermal stability and enzymatic activity of proteinase K.
Metal-enhanced fluorescence of dyes with quadrupole surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Daedu , Song Junghyun , Song Gyounghyun , Pang Yoonsoo
Published: May 2022

Both dipole and quadrupole surface plasmons of homogeneous silver nanosurfaces amplify a chromophore's emission with substantial spectral overlap via plasmon-coupled emission.
Probing low abundant DNA methylation by CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted cascade exponential amplification
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Zhao Xianxian , Hu Xiaolin , Zhang Yi , Liu Ruining , Peng Hai , Chen Youhao , Zhang Hong , Luo Yang
Published: May 2022

We propose an easy-to-operate CRISPR/Cas system Assisted Methylation (CAM) approach for the sensitive detection of DNA methylation through the integration of rolling circle amplification and CRISPR/Cas12a-assisted cascade amplification.
Ratiometric fluorescent probe: a sensitive and reliable reporter for the CRISPR/Cas12a-based biosensing platform
Authors: Liu Qiang , Liu Mei , Jin Yan , Li Baoxin
Published: May 2022

Using a ratiometric probe as the reporter for the CRISPR-Cas12a based biosensing system, the change of two fluorescence intensities can be monitored, while the TaqMan probe appears only one signal.
Cooperative catalysis-enabled C–N bond cleavage of biaryl lactams with activated isocyanides
Authors: Wang Wen-Tao , Zhang Sen , Tao Ling-Fei , Pan Zi-Qi , Qian Linghui , Liao Jia-Yu
Published: May 2022

An unprecedented highly enantioselective reaction of biaryl lactams with activated isocyanides has been realized by merging organocatalysis with metal catalysis.
Pressure-induced metallization and 3d-like behavior in TcS2
Authors: Sayre Dean , Siska Emily , Smith G. Alexander , Chang Nicholas , Park Changyong , Poineau Frederic , Schwartz Craig P. , Lawler Keith V. , Salamat Ashkan
Published: May 2022

TcS2 metallizes through interlayer interactions when sufficiently dense and has a high pressure extended 3D phase similar to MnS2.
β-Galactosidase-activated theranostic for hepatic carcinoma therapy and imaging
Authors: Maiti Mrinmoy , Kikuchi Kai , Athul K. K. , Kaur Amandeep , Bhuniya Sankarprasad
Published: May 2022

β-Galactosidase triggered theranostic Gal-CGem is activated selectively in hepatic carcinoma cells HepG2 to monitor real-time assays of gemcitabine formation.
Amino induced high-loading atomically dispersed Co sites on N-doped hollow carbon for efficient CO2 transformation
Authors: Yun Ruirui , Li Tuanhui , Zhang Beibei , He Lei , Liu Shoujie , Yu Can , Chen Zheng , Luo Shizhong
Published: May 2022

A high-loading atomically dispersed Co site catalyst has been constructed by a modified N-coordination-assisted strategy.
One-step fabrication of MoS2/Ni3S2 with P-doping for efficient water splitting
Authors: Jin Dunyuan , Qiao Fen , Liu Wenjie , Liu Yanzhen , Xie Yi , Li Haitao
Published: May 2022

The p-doped MoS2/Ni3S2/NF heterostructure catalyst designed in this work shows excellent HER and OER performance due to its electronic configuration and chemisorption performance, driving 10 mA cm−2 current density at 95 mV and 136 mV, respectively.
A phosphonic acid anion and acid dimer dianion stabilized by proton transfer in OHN hydrogen bonds – models of structural motifs in blend polymer membranes
Authors: Giba I. S. , Tolstoy P. M. , Mulloyarova V. V.
Published: May 2022

The structures of hydrogen-bonded complexes of tert-butylphosphonic acid with collidine formed in solution in a CDF3/CDF2Cl mixture at 100 K.
Strong second order nonlinear optical properties of azulene-based porphyrin derivatives
Authors: Yang Cui-Cui , Li Li , Tian Wei Quan , Li Wei-Qi , Yang Ling
Published: May 2022

Introduction of polar azulenes and further coordination of Zn at the center of porphyrin derivatives significantly enhance the second order NLO properties of porphyrin-based materials.
CsPbBr3 microarrays with tunable periodicity, optoelectronic and field emission properties using self-assembled polystyrene template and co-evaporation method
Authors: Zhou ChunWei , Huang Yu , Zhang YinLong , Lu Bin , Xu YiFeng , Ye QuanLin , Yang XuXin , Zhong JianQiang , Tang Jian-Xin , Mao HongYing
Published: May 2022

The booming growth of all inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites in optoelectronic applications has prompted extensive research interest in the fabrication of ordered nanostructures or microarrays for enhanced device performances.
The role of spin density for understanding the superexchange mechanism in transition metal ionic compounds. The case of KMF3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) perovskites
Authors: Pascale Fabien , Doll Klaus , Platonenko Alexander , Rérat Michel , Dovesi Roberto
Published: May 2022

.The spin density maps of the KMF3 (M from Mn to Cu) family have been produced illustrating which d-orbital is singly or doubly occupied from their shape.We use an all electron Gaussian type basis set, and the Hartree-Fock or hybrid functional.
Biosynthesis of NiO nanoparticles using Spirogyra sp. cell-free extract and their potential biological applications
Authors: Singh Yadvinder , Sodhi Ramandeep Singh , Singh Prit Pal , Kaushal Sandeep
Published: May 2022

Biosynthesis is progressing owing to economical synthesis and the availability of organisms (good source of metabolites) which significantly complex and cap the metallic ions to produce stable nanomaterials.
In situ topochemically converted 2D BaTiO3 polycrystals with multifarious zone axes
Authors: Kang Fang , Yao Bin , Zhang Wenxiong , Yao Fangyi , Zhao Qing , Miao Lei , Zhao Fan , Huang Zhuonan , Zhao Weixing , Sewvandi Galhenage Asha , Wang Yifei , Zhang Lixue , Feng Qi , Hu Dengwei
Published: May 2022

Multi-crystal-oriented BaTiO3 polycrystals with a dominant [100] direction can be in situ topochemically converted from HTO crystals via a calcination process.
One-pot synthesis of flower-like Bi2S3 nanoparticles for spectral CT imaging and photothermal therapy in vivo
Authors: Zhang Cai , Zhou Li , Zhang Jing , Dai Rui , Zhuang Pengrui , Ye Zhaoxiang
Published: May 2022

A facile and green strategy was developed for fabricating Bi2S3 nanoparticles for spectral CT imaging and photothermal therapy in vivo.
Ni nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen doped carbon derived from metal–organic frameworks for the efficient hydrogenation of vanillin to vanillyl alcohol
Authors: Qiu Zegang , He Xiaoxia , Ma Shaobo , Li Zhiqin , Xiong Yu , Cao Yueling
Published: May 2022

The Ni@CN catalyst fabricated by a facile and feasible method presents high efficiency in the selective hydrogenation of vanillin under mild conditions.
Assessing the effects of covalent, dative and halogen bonds on the electronic structure of selenoamides
Authors: Ciancaleoni Gianluca , Marchetti Fabio , Santi Claudio , Merlino Orsola , Zacchini Stefano
Published: May 2022

The C–NMe2 bond rotation of a selenoamide is proposed as an experimental probe to compare different chemical interactions.
Drug-nutrient cocrystallization-driven strategy towards self-assembly of milrinone and ferulic acid provides an exemplification in perfecting in vitro/vivo characteristics of anti-heart failure drugs
Authors: Liu Lu , Yu Yue-Ming , Yu Yu , Bu Fan-Zhi , Wu Zhi-Yong , Yan Cui-Wei , Li Yan-Tuan
Published: May 2022

The in vitro/vivo properties of the anti-heart failure drug milrinone were optimized by cocrystallizing with a nutraceutical, ferulic acid.
Bicarbazole-cyanopyridine based bipolar host materials for green and blue phosphorescent OLEDs: influence of the linking style between P- and N-type units
Authors: Song Kai , Li Jiuyan , Liu Di , Lan Ying , Wu Chen , Liu Botao , Shi Chunlong
Published: May 2022

Bicarbazole and cyanopyridine were used to construct bipolar host materials. Ortho-linkage generated more balanced charge transportations and sufficiently high triplet energy (3.05 eV), and finally led to high EQEs of 15.9% and 22.6% in sky-blue and green phosphorescent OLEDs.
Microwave-assisted depolymerization of lignin with synergic alkali catalysts and a transition metal catalyst in the aqueous system
Authors: Li Heyu , Huang Yingfang , Lin Xiuhua , Liu Yifan , Lv Yuancai , Liu Minghua , Zhang Yuming
Published: May 2022

In this study, synergic alkali catalysts (NaOH + NaAlO2) and Ni/ZrO2 were used for microwave-assisted lignin depolymerization.
Emerging technologies for value-added use of oil palm biomass
Authors: Faiz Norrrahim Mohd Nor , Ahmad Farid Mohammed Abdillah , Lawal Abubakar Abdullahi , Tengku Yasim-Anuar Tengku Arisyah , Samsudin Mohd Hafif , Zulkifli Ahmad Aiman
Published: May 2022

Pretreatment routes of oil palm biomass.
Improved furfural tolerance in Escherichia coli mediated by heterologous NADH-dependent benzyl alcohol dehydrogenases
Authors: Willson Benjamin James , Herman Reyme , Langer Swen , Thomas Gavin Hugh
Published: May 2022

While lignocellulose is a promising source of renewable sugars for microbial fermentations, the presence of inhibitory compounds in typical lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as furfural, has hindered their utilisation. In Escherichia coli, a major route of furfural toxicity is the depletion of NADPH pools due to its use as a substrate by the YqhD enzyme that reduces furfural to its less toxic alcohol form. Here, we examine the potential of exploiting benzyl alcohol dehydrogenases as an alternative means to provide this same catalytic function but using the more abundant reductant NADH, as a strategy to increase the capacity for furfural removal. We determine the biochemical properties of three of these enzymes, from Pseudomonas putida, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Burkholderia ambifaria, which all demonstrate furfural reductase activity. Furthermore, we show that the P. putida and B. ambifaria enzymes are able to provide substantial increases in furfural tolerance in vivo, by allowing more rapid conversion to furfuryl alcohol and resumption of growth. The study demonstrates that methods to seek alternative cofactor dependent enzymes can improve the intrinsic robustness of microbial chassis to feedstock inhibitors.
Angiotensin II type-2-receptor stimulation ameliorates focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in mice
Authors: Liao Min-Chun , Miyata Kana N. , Chang Shiao-Ying , Zhao Xin-Ping , Lo Chao-Sheng , El-Mortada Mohamad-Ali , Peng Junzheng , Chenier Isabelle , Yamashita Michifumi , Ingelfinger Julie R. , Chan John S.D. , Zhang Shao-Ling
Published: May 2022

Podocyte damage and loss are the early event in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Podocytes express angiotensin II type-2-receptor (AT2R), which may play a key role in maintaining kidney integrity and function. Here, we examined the effects of AT2R deletion and AT2R agonist compound 21 (C21) on the evolution of FSGS. FSGS was induced by adriamycin (ADR) injection in both male wild-type (WT) and AT2R knockout (KO) mice. C21 was administered to WT-FSGS mice either one day before or 7 days after ADR (Pre-C21 or Post-C21), using two doses of C21 at either 0.3 (low dose, LD) or 1.0 (high dose, HD) mg/kg/day. ADR-induced FSGS was more severe in AT2RKO mice compared with WT-FSGS mice, and included profound podocyte loss, glomerular fibrosis, and albuminuria. Glomerular cathepsin L expression increased more in AT2RKO-FSGS than in WT-FSGS mice. C21 treatment ameliorated podocyte injury, most significantly in the Pre C21-HD group, and inhibited glomerular cathepsin L expression. In vitro, Agtr2 knock-down in mouse podocyte cell line given ADR confirmed the in vivo data. Mechanistically, C21 inhibited cathepsin L expression, which protected synaptopodin from destruction and stabilized actin cytoskeleton. C21 also prevented podocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, AT2R activation by C21 ameliorated ADR-induced podocyte injury in mice by the inhibition of glomerular cathepsin L leading to the maintenance of podocyte integrity and prevention of podocyte apoptosis.
ROAM: Random layer mixup for semi‐supervised learning in medical images
Authors: Bdair Tariq , Wiestler Benedikt , Navab Nassir , Albarqouni Shadi
Published: May 2022

Medical image segmentation is one of the major challenges addressed by machine learning methods. However, these methods profoundly depend on a large amount of annotated data, which is expensive and time‐consuming. Semi‐supervised learning (SSL) approaches this by leveraging an abundant amount of unlabeled data. Recently, MixUp regularizer has been introduced to SSL methods by augmenting the model with new data points through linear interpolation at the input space. While this provides the model with new data, it is limited and may lead to inconsistent soft labels. It is argued that the linear interpolation at different representations provides the network with novel training signals and overcomes the inconsistency of the soft labels. This paper proposes ROAM as an SSL method that explores the manifold and performs linear interpolation on randomly selected layers to generate virtual data that has never been seen before, which encourages the network to be less confident for interpolated points. Hence it avoids overfitting, enhances the generalization, and shows less sensitivity to the domain shift. Extensive experiments are conducted on publicl datasets on whole‐brain and lung segmentation. ROAM achieves state‐of‐the‐art results in fully supervised (89.5%) and semi‐supervised (87.0%) settings with relative improvements up to 2.40% and 16.50%, respectively.
Single image deraining using contrastive perceptual regularization
Authors: Hu Bin
Published: May 2022

Rain streaks pollute the image captured from outdoor vision system, and single image deraining approach based on data‐driven has witnessed the continuously growing and achieved great success. Here, an end‐to‐end network for single image deraining is proposed. Firstly, to address the limit of convolution neural network (CNN) which can only extract local feature, a graph based basic block is proposed to extract global feature. The basic block consists of graph convolutional network (GCN) and CNN. The GCN module which combines spatial coherence computing and channel correlation computing is introduced to extract non‐local information. While the CNN module, which combines the channel attention and pixel attention, is used to earn more weight from important local features. Secondly, a contrastive perceptual regularization is adopted to enhance the loss function, and a more natural image is restored by utilizing the information from both positive and negative samples with the regularization. The restored image is pulled closer to the positive clear image and pushed farther away to the negative rainy image. The experiment results on several datasets demonstrate that these methods achieve better results than the previous state‐of‐art methods.
Betätigungserleben verstehen – Betätigungsdimensionen: Belonging und Becoming
Authors: Kranz Florence
Published: May 2022

Dreh- und Angelpunkt der Ergotherapie bilden bedeutungsvolle Betätigungen. Sie sind viel mehr als „nur“ Doing, also konkretes Tun. Florence Kranz beleuchtet, welche vier Dimensionen eine Betätigung kennzeichnen und wie diese mit Lebensqualität zusammenhängen. Teil 1 behandelte Doing und Being, in Teil 2 geht es nun um Belonging und Becoming.