bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARMA-Based Inflation Forecasting Under the Inflation Targeting Framework in Sri Lanka
Authors: Liyanage Rohini
Published: September 2024

Inflation targeting has been introduced as one of the monetary policy framework since the end of the 1990s. Forecasting inflation under the inflation-targeting monetary policy framework is also expected to improve with superior performance by constantly feeding updated information into the forecasting process, considering the domestic and global market conditions and developments. Literature evidence that inflation forecasting under inflation targeting is a challenging task with risk and uncertainty that are not easy to capture even in the latest modeling techniques. Inflation-targeting monetary policy was adopted by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka after the enactment of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka Act with effect from 15.09.2023. This study examines inflation forecasting under the inflation-targeting monetary policy in Sri Lanka implemented with a clear mandate assigned in the agreement for a flexible inflation targeting framework to guide the market and inflation expectations. Automatic ARIMA forecasting techniques are employed to forecast inflation using two series of price indices with different base years from 2016M01 to 2026M12, and 2022M01 to 2026 M12 including 30 months as forecasting length. According to the findings, inflation forecasting is in line with the 5 percent targeted level with a 3 percent margin to fluctuate for both sides subject to the upside and downside risk factors. Accordingly, Inflation forecasting is within the inflation projections indicated under the inflation fan chart. It further suggests that inflation has been gradually stable in SL compared to the recently elevated inflation experience. Therefore, inflation targeting and projections can be used to shape and guide market expectations to facilitate decision-making in forward looking policies toward achieving and maintaining domestic price stability, which is the primary objective of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.
Assessment of Urban Farming Production, and Contribution to the Households’ Livelihood: A Case of Kigali City and Musanze District
Authors: Gaspard Ntabakirabose , Festus Maniriho , Claude Tuyisenge , Ogwal Harold , Mburu David
Published: September 2024

Agriculture plays an important role in the economic growth and food security control in developing countries including Rwanda. This research study was carried out in Kigali and Musanze. Urban farming is one way to best use useless places closed inside household fences, resulting in high yields. Due to their short production cycle, Horticultural crops provide a quick response to emergency food needs, particularly in cities. These species have considerable yields that generate more income for farmers when used appropriately. The main objective of this study was to analyze the factors influencing urban farming production, profitability, and contribution to the households’ livelihoods in Rwanda. The population of interest for this research study constituted smallholder farmers of vegetables and fruits in Kigali and Musanze cities. The sampling unit was the garden household. A multistage sampling technique was employed involving purposive sampling of four districts Gasabo, Kicukiro, Nyarugenge, and Musanze. The study used a sample frame of 1085 population and a sample size of 112 respondents. The results from the study indicated that ten factors over fourteen have a positive influence on urban farming production while four have a negative influence in the study area. The results also showed that the productive fruits grown are classified into five classes indicated in Figure 1. The results of the study revealed different places/methods used to grow vegetables/species and fruits such as bags, baskets and basins, hanging baskets, old wheels, pallet gardens, open ground, trellises, arches, shelves, fences window box walls. The results displayed that the crops do well in small areas/places closed inside the household’s fences. The results proved that urban farming contributed to the social economy through different parts example malnutrition control, money saving, and food security. The results pointed out that urban farming production is constrained by some challenges such as small owned parcels, lack of urban farming knowledge, lack of technologies, period of crop maturity, lack of capital, lack of awareness, habitation system, and infrastructures. However, urban farming development should be enhanced to maintain national food security and improve income for farmers.
A Study on How Globalization Influences Translation Practices and the Demand for Translators in Various Industries
Authors: Dung Le
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of globalization on translation practices and the demand for translators across various industries. Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, the study combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with professional translators, translation agency managers, and industry experts. The findings reveal that technological advancements, particularly machine translation (MT) and computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools have significantly altered translation workflows, increasing efficiency while necessitating careful quality control. The demand for localization services has surged, especially in the tech industry, reflecting a broader trend towards culturally adapted content in global markets. Additionally, the study highlights a notable shift towards freelancing and remote work among translators, driven by the desire for flexibility but accompanied by challenges such as job stability and securing consistent work. Emerging challenges identified include maintaining translation quality amidst high workloads, adapting to rapidly evolving technologies, and navigating cultural differences to ensure culturally appropriate translations. Economic pressures, such as low rates and payment issues, further complicate the landscape for professional translators. These findings align with existing literature, emphasizing the need for continuous adaptation, professional development, and strategic approaches to address the dynamic and evolving nature of the translation industry in a globalized context. The study provides valuable insights into the current state of the translation industry, highlighting the importance of cultural competence, technological proficiency, and economic resilience for translators operating in a globalized world. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of these trends and the evolving role of translators in a rapidly changing global market.
Development of Fruit Based Flavored White Cheese
Authors: Zeynu Nesru , Abeshu Yadesa , Asefa Zerihun , Abrha Esayas
Published: September 2024

Cheese is important food constituents among the processing dairy product. Nowadays flavored white cheese is alternatively provided as food product in order to increase consumer acceptance throughout the world. However, flavored cheeses not familiar to consume in Ethiopia. Hence the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the nutritional and sensory appeal of fruit flavored white cheese. A total of 20 liters of fresh milk were brought from Holeta dairy research livestock farm so as to process the cheese. The fruits (Lemon & Orange) were purchased from Holeta fruit juice shops. The experiment was conducted in five treatments such as 3% fruit flavored cheese, 6% fruit flavored cheese, 9% fruit flavored cheese, 12% fruit flavored cheese and the control (cheese without fruit flavored) using mixture expert design software. Physicochemical of pH, titratable acidity, moisture content, ash content, crude protein, crude fat, mineral and sensory evaluation were done following standard procedures. All the samples were analyzed in duplicate. The sensory attributes were done using five hedonic scale by 15 semi-trained panelists. In this study the result showed that the highest mean score of pH value (6.04) for 12% fruit flavored cheese, Moisture content (3.76%) for 6% flavored cheese and Crude Fat (17.85%) for 3% flavored cheese respectively. Although the highest mean value of Ash (11.55%) and Crude Protein (53.72%) shown in the control. A significant difference (P<0.05) was shown by only Mg among Ca, Fe, Zn and K. Moreover, Color, flavor, odor, texture and overall acceptance shown no significant difference (P>0.05) from Sensory attributes. In conclusion, using fruit flavored cheese may enhance the nutritional quality and sensory acceptance of the cheese. This research study will provide good information for those working on fruit juice shops as well as juice industries to use as alternative product.
Economic Impact of Low Power Factor on Institutions: a Case Study of Assosa University Building
Authors: Habte Zelalem
Published: September 2024

Power factor is a measure of how efficiently electric power is consumed. It is the result of phase difference between voltage and current at different stages of power system. It’s the ratio of active power or useful power to apparent power. The apparent power consists of both the active power and reactive power. If the reactive power increase in a power system, the power factor becomes low. Low power factor can affect the power system quality and the consumer to suffer in paying additional penalty charge for utility if it drops below the predetermined threshold amount. In this study, the bill data record indicates there was low power factor in each month from different energy meter. The minimum or poor power factor relative to other energy meters record was 0.124035 and its power factor charge was 12,011.58 ETB which is approximately equivalent to 214.11USD. The total power factor charge for only recorded data for four months was 71,537.33ETB (1,275.17USD). The institution is paying unwanted charge that can be improved by using power factor correction capacitor. The reactive power (kVAR) required to correct the power factor to 0.9 have been computed in this paper. The money expended for low power factor will be saved and the system’s power quality increase as well.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Towards Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Behaviours Among Communities in Northern Ghana
Authors: Muktar Abdul , Saba Courage , Adzo Doke
Published: September 2024

Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) programs have been implemented extensively to eradicate open defecation and enhance sanitation practices. However, concerns about the sustainability of CLTS outcomes persist, necessitating a nuanced examination of the phenomenon. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of people in the Northern region of Ghana towards behaviors associated with the community-led total sanitation (CLTS) programme. The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional one and the approach for the study was quantitative. It involved the use of questionnaire to collect data from respondents. Data were gathered through survey among respondents in 12 communities across 3 districts. Socio-demographic characteristics were analyzed for their associations with knowledge, attitude, and practice. Results revealed significant associations between district, age, religion, occupation, and monthly income level with knowledge, attitude, and practice. Specifically, respondents from Saboba demonstrated higher odds of knowledge compared to Mion and Kpandai districts, while Muslims exhibited higher odds of knowledge compared to Christians. Monthly income levels of 200-500 and 501-1500 Ghanaian cedis were associated with improved knowledge and practice compared to incomes less than 200 cedis. Notably, good knowledge was positively correlated with good attitude. These findings underscore the importance of considering socio-demographic factors in designing and implementing sanitation interventions. Tailored strategies addressing specific factors identified in this study may enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of CLTS programs in the Northern Region of Ghana and similar contexts. Further research and targeted interventions are warranted to address the complex interplay between socio-demographic characteristics and sanitation behaviors.
Evaluating Rural Land Administration Institutional Efficiency from Modern Land Administration Systems Perspective: In Case of Awi Zone, North-Western Ethiopia
Authors: Shiferaw Dereje , Yeneneh Mihret , Benti Teha
Published: September 2024

This study is aimed to evaluate the institutional efficiency of rural land administration from the perspective of modern land administration systems in Awi zone Amhara region Ethiopia. The study employed a mixed research approach to evaluate the efficiency of rural land administration. Moreover, the study used various data collection tools such as questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussion, observation, and document review to acquire relevant data. The study pursued the influence of explanatory variables namely legal framework, digitalization, valuation and compensation, good governance, data quality, capacity building, and customer satisfaction on the efficiency of rural land administration. Furthermore, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Consequently, the study found that the legal framework and customer satisfaction are the most significant factors that affect the efficiency of rural land administration. However, the study finding revealed that lack of clear and uniform legislations and service delivery negatively affected the success of rural land administration. Thus, the prospects to assure efficient rural land administration are provision of unambiguous laws, delivering services impartially, and providing capacity-building training for experts are suggested as a vital to implement modern land administration systems to modern society.
Asset Allocation and Bank Resilience: China Insights
Authors: Zixin Huang , Long Hai , Hyun Bae
Published: September 2024

This research is based on the panel data from the annual reports of Chinese commercial banks for the years 2010-2020. A panel data model is constructed to empirically investigate the influence of commercial banks' asset allocation on financial stability. The study innovatively explores the differences between large-scale banks and general-scale banks in this context, as well as the interaction effects between large-scale banks and their methods of capital application. The findings indicate that: firstly, the higher the proportion of corporate loans in commercial banks, the stronger the stability. With the support of national policies, the operating environment for emerging industries has improved, leading to a reduction in bankruptcy risks and further decreasing the credit risk of related banks, which contributes to the enhancement of banks' financial stability. Additionally, compared to securities investments affected by market fluctuations, corporate loans are less susceptible to significant capital changes, and their risks are primarily determined by the operating conditions of the related enterprises, making them relatively controllable. Secondly, the higher the proportion of personal loans in commercial banks, the stronger the stability. The largest part of personal loans consists of housing mortgage loans, which have a low non-performing loan rate and high quality in China. Therefore, an increase in personal loans helps to enhance the financial stability of banks. Thirdly, large-scale banks exhibit lower financial stability. Due to the redundancy in management personnel in large-scale banks, management costs, adjustment costs, and transaction costs are relatively high. Furthermore, it is worth noting that because large-scale banks hold a significant amount of surplus funds, they are prone to excessive securities investments. Fluctuations in the securities market increase external risks and decrease financial stability.
An Improved Single Objective Optimization Approach for Double-Layered Multi-Head Weighing Process
Authors: An Pom , Hong Chol-Jun , Ri Ryong-Yon , Yu Chol-Jun , O Chol-Jun
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the double-layered multi-head weighers whose hoppers are arranged in two levels are widely used in the accurate and reliable weighing for packing food products. The weighing processes are mathematically modeled into a single objective optimization problems. The objective of packing problem is to minimize the total weight of combined hoppers for a package under the condition that the total weight must be no less than a specified target weight. This paper proposes a novel single objective optimization approach for double-layered multi-head weighing process. More precisely, relying on a new bound on the optimal weight, this study accurately determines the number of hoppers to be combined at each packing operation, and find the best possible hopper combination using the single-objective algorithm. This method significantly speeds up the packing process as a whole. According to the present approach, the candidate number of hoppers to be combined can be taken one or two integral values. The probability that the accurate number of hoppers to be combined becomes one integral value is explicitly calculated, which is the performance factor to the previous one. In addition, results from the numerical experiments to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach are presented.
Use of AI in Pediatric Occupational Therapy: A Review
Authors: Sharma Nirvi
Published: September 2024

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in pediatric occupational therapy (OT) has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing assessment, intervention, and outcomes for children with diverse developmental needs. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of AI applications in pediatric OT, highlighting key findings, benefits, challenges, and future directions. AI technologies, including machine learning algorithms, computer vision systems, and wearable sensors, offer innovative approaches to assess children's motor skills, sensory responses, and cognitive functions objectively and efficiently. AI-driven intervention strategies, such as personalized treatment planning, adaptive task selection, virtual reality environments, and gamified activities, promote engagement, motivation, and skill acquisition among pediatric patients. AI can be helpful in early diagnosis as well as early intervention. Additionally, AI-powered telehealth platforms enable remote delivery of OT services, real-time monitoring of patient progress, and access to care for underserved populations. However, challenges related to data privacy, ethical decision-making, disparities in access, and therapist education must be addressed to ensure the ethical, effective, and equitable integration of AI into pediatric OT practice. By embracing ongoing research, collaboration, and innovation, pediatric OT practitioners can harness the transformative potential of AI to improve outcomes and quality of life for children and families worldwide.
Technological Paradigm Between the Production of Photovoltaic and Thermal Solar Energy in Sahelo-Sahelian Countries
Authors: Alain Ilboudo , Frédéric Bationo , Lamine Doumbia
Published: September 2024

The energy sector in Sahelian countries such as Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger is facing enormous challenges. Indeed, electricity shortages, characterized by recurrent breakdowns of means of production and import dependency due to an unfavorable energy mix, are numerous in these countries. Concerns about the high costs of facilities and operations, as well as environmental pollution, not forgetting to mention the matter of the countries' energy sovereignty, have led to the desire to use reliable, profitable and adapted means of production. The aim of this study is to review the literature on electric power generation systems in the world, in Africa and in Sahelian countries, with an emphasis focus on photovoltaic and thermal solar energy. In addition, it highlights, in views of the problems raised, works that have suggested solutions. To achieve this, scientific articles, theses and other scientific documents dealing with electric power generation systems from 2014 to 2024 have been consulted. This enabled us to get knowledge on the various electric power generation systems, to know their advantages and limitations, and above all the perspectives in terms of electric power generation. Additionally, they provided a source of inspiration for setting up an electric power generation system in line with the realities of the countries of the Alliance of Sahel States (ASS).
A Novel 5G Multi-mode Resonator and Filter with Symmetric Transmission Zeros
Authors: Luo Bing , Li Qian-Qian
Published: September 2024

5G construction is becoming increasingly important. This paper introduces the theoretical basis of multi-mode filter, and on the basis of theoretical calculation and analysis, a novel 5G cavity multi-mode resonator and filter is designed by using ads/HFSS simulation software. The electric field characteristic of resonator is analyzed, and the mutual coupling between modes is realized by the way of screw perturbation. The electric field distributions of the mode is changed by adding tuning screws, two coupled degenerate modes act as two coupled resonators, so that the numbers of resonator can be reduced while keeping the resonance loop unchanged. For example, the characteristics of 3N section filter can be realized in the physical space of a traditional n-section filter by using three modes of a resonator, thus greatly reducing the volume of the filter. The results show that in the pass-band (3.5 GHz ~ 3.6 GHz): return loss > 17.9 dB, standing wave ratio < 1.29, insertion loss < 0.31 dB, a transmission zero point is introduced at 4 GHz on the right side of the pass-band, which makes the right side out of band attenuation rapidly. The filter has the advantages of small insertion loss, small size and good rejection of out of band, which can be applied to 5G band wireless communication system for better reliability.
TRACER Perspectives on Gulf-Breeze and Bay-Breeze Circulations and Coastal Convection
Authors: Wang Dié , Melvin Emily C. , Smith Noah , Jensen Michael P. , Gupta Siddhant , Abdullah-Smoot Ayman , Pszeniczny Natalia , Hahn Travis
Published: September 2024

This study explores gulf-breeze circulations (GBCs) and bay-breeze circulations (BBCs) in Houston–Galveston, investigating their characteristics, large-scale weather influences, and impacts on surface properties, boundary layer updrafts, and convective clouds. The results are derived from a combination of datasets, including satellite observations, ground-based measurements, and reanalysis datasets, using machine learning, changepoint detection method, and Lagrangian cell tracking. We find that anticyclonic synoptic patterns during the summer months (June–September) favor GBC/BBC formation and the associated convective cloud development, representing 74% of cases. The main Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment (TRACER) site located close to the Galveston Bay is influenced by both GBC and BBC, with nearly half of the cases showing evident BBC features. The site experiences early frontal passages ranging from 1040 to 1630 local time (LT), with 1300 LT being the most frequent. These fronts are stronger than those observed at the ancillary site which is located further inland from the Galveston Bay, including larger changes in surface temperature, moisture, and wind speed. Furthermore, these fronts trigger boundary layer updrafts, likely promoting isolated convective precipitating cores that are short lived (average convective lifetime of 63 min) and slow moving (average propagation speed of 5 m s−1), primarily within 20–40 km from the coast.
Problems and prospects of thermal modernization of farm buildings in rural areas in Poland
Authors: Piwowar Arkadiusz
Published: September 2024

Background

Thermal upgrading is an important element in the economic transformation of Poland towards a low-emission economy. This paper presents the results of research into the current status and plans of inhabitants of rural areas in Poland with regard to thermal upgrading of residential buildings and other buildings used in the agricultural activity of the study participants. The main purpose of the article is to identify thermal modernization needs and to analyse factors influencing individual thermal modernization plans in terms of replacement or modernization of heating systems. A key element of the analyses was the issue of upgrading priorities and the dependency between declared intentions in terms of thermal upgrading work and the production and economic features of the farms studied.

Results

The main research material were surveys conducted with a randomly selected sample of 480 farming households in Poland. The analyses used, amongst others, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to determine and assess the relationships between the variables studied. Detailed correspondence analysis shows that there are strong dependencies between plans for thermal upgrading of farm buildings and the system of agricultural production (φ2 = 0.1503), the economic size of farms (φ2 = 0.1100), and the location of farms (φ2 = 0.0947).

Conclusions

The research showed that there is a need for thermal upgrading in the examined area of study, especially with regard to the replacement or modernisation of heating systems. The issue of thermal upgrading of residential and farm buildings in rural areas in Poland requires support and engagement at all levels of administration, as well as the modernisation of assistance programmes.
Differential performance regarding the relationship of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels and %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 with common pediatric diseases: a case control study
Authors: Yang Tao , Chen Xiaohong , Wang Miyan , Xu Shaohua , Hu Dong , Tang Jie , Yang Yuwei
Published: September 2024

Background

Recently, the C3-epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [C3-epi-25(OH)D] has become a topic of interest among 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] metabolites. Although it can lead to an overestimation of vitamin D storage, its relationship with disease occurrence remains controversial, possibly related to the great extent of tracking of 25(OH)D by C3-epi-25(OH)D over time. This study aimed to investigate the differential performance of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and its percentage [%C3-epi-25(OH)D3] with respect to 20 common paediatric diseases.

Methods

This study involved 805 healthy children and adolescents and 2962 patients with common paediatric diseases. We investigated sex, age, and seasonal differences in C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels; their variations on 20 common paediatric diseases; and their degree of correlation with 25(OH)D3 levels and various diseases.

Results

Among the healthy underage participants, C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 changed similarly, with no sex differences. Moreover, their levels were higher in the infant period than in the other periods (t = 5.329–5.833, t = 4.640–5.711, all Padj < 0.001), and in spring and summer than in autumn and winter (t = 3.495–6.061, t = 3.495–5.658, all Padj < 0.01). Under healthy and disease conditions, C3-epi-25(OH)D3 was positively correlated with 25(OH)D3 (ρ = 0.318 ~ 0.678, all P < 0.017), whereas %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 was not, except in patients with nephrotic syndrome (ρ=-0.393, P = 0.001). Before and after adjusting for 25(OH)D3, the relationship of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 with the diseases was notably different. However, it was almost consistent for %C3-epi-25(OH)D3. Our results indicated that %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 was associated with short stature, nephrotic syndrome, lymphocytic leukaemia, rickets, paediatric malnutrition, and hypovitaminosis D (OR = 0.80 ~ 1.21, all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 can correct the properties of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 to better track 25(OH)D3 and may be more suitable for exploring its pathological relevance. Further detailed studies of each disease should be conducted.
Discharge from secondary care services to primary care for adults with serious mental illness: a scoping review
Authors: Davis Aubrey L. W. , Hamilton Kennedy A. , Vozza Jaclin A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Effective transitions of patients from Secondary Care Services (SCSs) to primary care are necessary for optimization of resources and care. Factors that enable or restrict smooth transitions of individuals with Serious Mental Illness (SMI) to primary care from SCSs have not been comprehensively synthesized.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted to answer the questions (1) “What are the barriers and facilitators to discharge from SCSs to primary care for adults with SMI?” and (2) “What programs have been developed to support these transitions?”.

Results

Barriers and facilitators of discharge included patient-, primary care capacity-, and transition Process/Support-related factors. Patient-related barriers and facilitators were most frequently reported. 11 discharge programs were reported across the evidence sources. The most frequently reported program components were the provision of additional mental health supports for the transition and development of care plans with relapse signatures and intervention plans.

Conclusions

Established discharge programs should be comprehensively evaluated to determine their relative benefits. Furthermore, research should be expanded to evaluate barriers and facilitators to discharge and discharge programs in different national contexts and models of care.

Trial Registration

The protocol for this scoping review is registered with the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NBTMZ).
The challenges and lessons from a formative process and value-based evaluation of the wave 1 roll-out of the all Wales Diabetes Prevention Programme
Authors: Parsons Sharon N , Kosnes Liv , Anderson Pippa , Harris Shaun RS , Thatcher Rhys , Harrington Barbara , Davies Jan , Fitzsimmons Deborah , Luzio Stephen D
Published: September 2024

Background

The All Wales Diabetes Prevention Programme (AWDPP) is a Wales wide, public health initiative designed to systematically identify adults at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and offer a 30-minute person-centred lifestyle conversation focused on diet and physical activity. An independent formative process and value-based evaluation was commissioned to examine the implementation of this programme in 14 primary care cluster areas across Wales during the initial roll-out.

Methods

This evaluation was undertaken to ascertain the views on early implementation of the programme from service users, health care professionals and key stakeholders. The evaluation was informed by the Medical Research Council Framework for Process Evaluation and Wales Prudent Healthcare principles. As part of the value-based assessment, a preliminary cost-consequence analysis was conducted to understand the short-term economic impact of the implementation of the programme.

Results

Service users who took part in the evaluation highly valued the programme and nearly half had been previously unaware that they were at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Delivering the programme presented challenges but there was significant enthusiasm and support from all stakeholders. Overall, the programme was being delivered as intended albeit with evidence of some variation in the application of the programme eligibility criteria.

Conclusions

In Wave 1 of the AWDPP roll-out, the intent to deliver the programme in line with Prudent Healthcare was successful and promising in terms of demonstrating value. Opinions expressed by service users suggest the AWDPP matters to them; raising awareness, promoting knowledge and capacity to change behaviours and motivate and raise confidence.
Housing instability patterns among low-income, urban Black young adults in California and associations with mental health outcomes: baseline data from a randomized waitlist-controlled trial
Authors: Nakphong Michelle K. , Bright D. Jovon , Koreitem Ala , Mocello A. Rain , Lisha Nadra E. , Leslie Hannah H. , Estrada Itzel , Libby Margaret K. , Lippman Sheri A. , Lightfoot Marguerita A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Deep-rooted racial residential segregation and housing discrimination have given rise to housing disparities among low-income Black young adults in the US. Most studies have focused on single dimensions of housing instability, and thus provide a partial view of how Black young adults experience multiple, and perhaps overlapping, experiences of housing instability including homelessness, frequent moves, unaffordability, or evictions. We aimed to illuminate the multiple forms of housing instability that Black young adults contend with and examine relationships between housing instability and mental health outcomes.

Methods

Using baseline data from the Black Economic Equity Movement (BEEM) guaranteed income trial with 300 urban low-income Black young adults (aged 18–24), we conducted a three-stage latent class analysis using nine housing instability indicators. We identified distinct patterns by using fit indices and theory to determine the optimal number of latent classes. We then used multinomial logistic regression to identify subpopulations disproportionately represented within unstable housing patterns. Finally, we estimated associations between housing experience patterns and mental health outcomes: depression, anxiety, and hope.

Results

We found high prevalence of housing instability with 27.3% of participants reporting experiences of homelessness in the prior year and 39.0% of participants reporting multiple measures of housing instability. We found the 4-class solution to be the best fitting model for the data based on fit indices and theory. Latent classes were characterized as four housing experience patterns: 1) more stably housed, 2) unaffordable and overcrowded housing, 3) mainly unhoused, and 4) multiple dimensions of housing instability. Those experiencing unaffordable and overcrowded housing and being mainly unhoused were more than four times as likely to have symptoms of depression (Unaffordable: aOR = 4.57, 95% CI: 1.64, 12.72; Unhoused: aOR = 4.67, 95% CI:1.18, 18.48) and more than twice as likely to report anxiety (Unaffordable: aOR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.03, 5.04; Unhoused: aOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.12, 10.05) compared to the more stably housed pattern. We found that hope scores were similarly high across patterns.

Conclusions

High prevalence of housing instability and mental health challenges among low-income Black young adults demands tailored interventions to reduce instability, given widening racial disparities and implications for future well-being into adulthood.
Fracture resistance and fractographic analysis of pressable glass-ceramics with different partial coverage designs for maxillary premolars
Authors: Abdelaal Abdelaziz M. , Kehela Hany A. , Holiel Ahmed A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Partial coverage concepts have met the main goal of conservative dentistry. Vonlays, which combine features of veneers and onlays, are a recent alternative to full coverage designs and overlay partial coverage restorations. This in vitro study was conducted to compare the fracture resistance of the newly introduced pressable zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate with pressable lithium disilicate ceramic and to determine the optimal preparation design for partial coverage on upper premolars.

Methods

Fifty-two duplicated epoxy resin dies were prepared following vonlay and overlay preparation guidelines. For each preparation (n = 26), the specimens were divided into two subgroups to be restored with lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press) or zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Vita Ambria) (n = 13 each). Ceramic vonlays and overlays were bonded using dual cure resin cement, subjected to thermomechanical fatigue, and the load to fracture was tested by using a universal testing machine. The specimens were fractographically analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The normality of the fracture resistance data was checked using the Shapiro‒Wilk test and Q‒Q plots, and two-way ANOVA was used to assess the effect of the type of preparation and ceramic material on the fracture resistance.

Results

The group of overlays restored with zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate showed the highest mean fracture load (1218.69 N), while the group of vonlays restored with lithium disilicate had the lowest mean fracture resistance (967.15 N). The effect of preparation design and material type on fracture resistance was significant for both factors, p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001, respectively. Different features of the fracture surfaces, such as arrest lines, hackles, and directions of crack propagation, were observed.

Conclusions

Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate exhibited greater resistance to fracture compared to lithium disilicate, making it a potential substitute for partial coverage restorations. Additionally, the overlay showed superior fracture resistance when compared to the vonlay preparation design.
A 2-year follow-up to a randomized controlled trial on resistance training in postmenopausal women: vasomotor symptoms, quality of life and cardiovascular risk markers
Authors: Nilsson Sigrid , Henriksson Moa , Hammar Mats , Berin Emilia , Lawesson Sofia Sederholm , Ward Liam J. , Li Wei , Holm Anna-Clara Spetz
Published: September 2024

Background

Most women experience vasomotor symptoms (VMS) during the menopausal transition. A 15-week resistance training intervention (RTI) significantly reduced moderate-to-severe VMS (MS-VMS) and improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and cardiovascular risk markers in postmenopausal women. Whether a short RTI could have long-term effects is unknown. We aimed to investigate whether there were intervention-dependent effects two years after a 15-week RTI on MS-VMS frequency, HRQoL, and cardiovascular risk markers in postmenopausal women.

Methods

This observational prospective cohort study is a follow-up to a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on a 15-week RTI in postmenopausal women (n = 57). The control group had unchanged low physical activity during these first 15 weeks. At the follow-up contact two years post-intervention, 35 women agreed to participate in an additional physical visit at the clinic with clinical testing, blood sampling, and magnetic resonance imaging, identical to the protocol at the baseline visit at the start of the RCT.

Results

Although all women showed reduced MS-VMS and increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) over the 2-year follow-up compared to baseline, the groups from the original RCT (intervention group; IG, control group; CG) changed differently over time (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively) regarding MS-VMS. The IG maintained a significantly lower MS-VMS frequency than the CG at the 6-month follow-up. At the 2-year follow-up, there was no significant difference between the original RCT groups. No significant changes over time or differences between groups were found in HRQoL or cardiovascular risk markers. However, significant interactions between original RCT groups and time were found for visceral adipose tissue (p = 0.041), ferritin (p = 0.045), and testosterone (p = 0.010).

Conclusions

A 15-week resistance training intervention reduced MS-VMS frequency up to six months post-intervention compared to a CG, but the effect was not maintained after two years. The RTI did neither contribute to preserved improvements of cardiovascular risk markers nor improved HRQoL after two years compared to a CG.

Trial registration

Clinical trials.gov registered ID: NCT01987778, trial registration date 2013–11-19.
Understanding disciplinary perspectives: a framework to develop skills for interdisciplinary research collaborations of medical experts and engineers
Authors: van Baalen Sophie , Boon Mieke
Published: September 2024

Background

Health professionals need to be prepared for interdisciplinary research collaborations aimed at the development and implementation of medical technology. Expertise is highly domain-specific, and learned by being immersed in professional practice. Therefore, the approaches and results from one domain are not easily understood by experts from another domain. Interdisciplinary collaboration in medical research faces not only institutional, but also cognitive and epistemological barriers. This is one of the reasons why interdisciplinary and interprofessional research collaborations are so difficult. To explain the cognitive and epistemological barriers, we introduce the concept of disciplinary perspectives. Making explicit the disciplinary perspectives of experts participating in interdisciplinary collaborations helps to clarify the specific approach of each expert, thereby improving mutual understanding.

Method

We developed a framework for making disciplinary perspectives of experts participating in an interdisciplinary research collaboration explicit. The applicability of the framework has been tested in an interdisciplinary medical research project aimed at the development and implementation of diffusion MRI for the diagnosis of kidney cancer, where the framework was applied to analyse and articulate the disciplinary perspectives of the experts involved.

Results

We propose a general framework, in the form of a series of questions, based on new insights from the philosophy of science into the epistemology of interdisciplinary research. We explain these philosophical underpinnings in order to clarify the cognitive and epistemological barriers of interdisciplinary research collaborations. In addition, we present a detailed example of the use of the framework in a concrete interdisciplinary research project aimed at developing a diagnostic technology. This case study demonstrates the applicability of the framework in interdisciplinary research projects.

Conclusion

Interdisciplinary research collaborations can be facilitated by a better understanding of how an expert’s disciplinary perspectives enables and guides their specific approach to a problem. Implicit disciplinary perspectives can and should be made explicit in a systematic manner, for which we propose a framework that can be used by disciplinary experts participating in interdisciplinary research project. Furthermore, we suggest that educators can explore how the framework and philosophical underpinning can be implemented in HPE to support the development of students’ interdisciplinary expertise.
Opportunities for nurses to address employee voice in health care providers: a scoping review
Authors: Kepplinger A. , Braun A. , Fringer A. , Roes M.
Published: September 2024

Background

Employees’ decision to speak up or to stay silent can have implications for health care providers, employees and people who need care. As a result, a shift is needed from blindly following guidelines to implementing a sustainable proactive organizational culture in which employees, especially nurses, can evaluate their work environment and take advantage of growth opportunities. The aim of this review is to analyse the characteristics of employee voice opportunities in the health care context, particularly for nurses.

Methods

The search was conducted in April 2023 in the following databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, CINHAL via EBSCO, Scopus via Elsevier, Wiley/Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The search results were imported into the COVIDENCE program and screened by two researchers separately. We used the following search components: health care organization, opportunities, and employee voice. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We identified 951 studies in five databases and via citation tracking. After we removed 102 duplicates and screening 839 titles and abstracts, 23 full texts were assessed. According to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 9 studies.

Results

Three main characteristics of employee voice opportunities that need to be considered to enable nurses to have a voice in the organization were identified. These main categories are individual factors, organizational culture, and available voice channels. It is not possible to rank them in order of importance; they are interrelated.

Conclusions

To conclude, employee voice is a process. In order for utilize employee voice opportunities, individual employee factors, organizational culture and its embedded context must be considered. Individual internal and external motivation, which is influenced by socio-cultural aspects and work hierarchies, must also be considered for successful use of opportunities.
Physicians and nurses experiences of providing care to patients within a mobile care unit – a qualitative interview study
Authors: Teske Christofer , Mourad Ghassan , Milovanovic Micha
Published: September 2024

Introduction

There is a growing need for alternative forms of care to address citizen demands and ensure a competent healthcare workforce across municipalities and regions. One of these forms of care is the use of mobile care units. The aim of the current study was to describe physicians and nurses experiences of providing care to patients within a mobile care unit in Sweden.

Method

Data were collected between March 2022 and January 2023 through qualitative interviews with 14 physicians and nurses employed in various mobile care units in different regions in Sweden. These interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to content analysis, with the study adhering to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).

Results

The analysis resulted in two main categories: “Unlocking the potential of mobile care”, and “The challenges of moving hospitals to patients’ homes”; and seven subcategories. The respondents viewed mobile care at home as highly advantageous, positively impacting both patients and caregivers. They believed their contributions enhanced patients’ well-being, fostering a welcoming atmosphere. They also noted receiving more quality time for each patient, enabling thorough assessments, and promoting a person-centered approach, which resulted in more gratifying mutual relationships. However, they experienced that mobile care also had challenges such as geographical limitations, limited opening hours and logistical complexity, which can lead to less equitable and efficient care.

Conclusions

Physicians and nurses in mobile care units emphasized positive outcomes, contributing to patient well-being through a person-centered approach. They highlighted increased quality time, comprehensive assessments, and overall satisfaction, praising the mobile care unit’s unique continuity for enhancing safety and fostering meaningful relationships in the patient’s home environment. In order for mobile care to develop and become a natural part of healthcare, challenges such as geographical limitations and logistics need to be addressed.