bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Granular computing approach for the ordinal semantic weighted multiscale values for the attributes in formal concept analysis algorithm
Authors: Ali Imran , Li Yongming , Pedrycz Witold
Published: May 2023

In literature granular computing and formal concept analysis algorithm use only single-value attributes to knowledge discovery for the data of spatio-temporal aspects. However, most of the datasets like forest fires and tornado storms involve multiscale values for attributes. The limitation of single-value attributes of the existing approaches indicates only the data related to event occurrence which may be missing the elicitation of important knowledge related to severity of event occurrence. Motivated by these limitations, this research article proposes a novel and generalized method which uses ordinal semantic weighted multiscale values for attributes in formal concept analysis with granular computing measures especially when spatio-temporal attributes are not given. The originality of proposed methodology is using ordinal semantic weighted multiscale values for attributes that give complete information of event occurrences. Moreover, the use of ordinal semantic weighted multiscale values improves the results of granular computing measures. The significance of proposed approach is well explained by experimental evaluation performed on publicly available datasets on storm occurring in different States of America.
Research on blind watermarking algorithm of encrypted holographic 3d geographic information data based on mapping mechanism
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Zhang Hao , Zhu Anfeng , Xu Gang
Published: May 2023

In order to improve the accuracy and security of encrypted holographic 3D geographic information data acquisition and improve the actual resolution of geographic information files, a blind watermarking algorithm for encrypted holographic 3D geographic information data based on mapping mechanism is proposed. According to the characteristics of the mapping mechanism, a mapping mechanism structure diagram is constructed; Under the mapping mechanism technology, blind watermark data is preprocessed. Then, a watermark embedding operation is performed to obtain the watermark information image, and then a blind watermark that encrypts the holographic three-dimensional geographic information data is extracted. Finally, using the blind watermark signal as input, the blind watermark information is obtained by using the watermark strength, and the holographic 3D geographic data information is segmented and encrypted to complete blind watermark detection. The blind watermark algorithm for encrypting the holographic 3D geographic information data is studied. The results show that the maximum difference between the correlation coefficient of the algorithm in this paper and the correlation coefficient of the unaffected algorithm is only 0.04, which has better anti attack performance, high security, good terrain information collection ability, high data accuracy, and can achieve curvature repair of information data.
Poisson image restoration via an adaptive Euler’s elastica regularization
Authors: Ma Mingxi , Yang Junci
Published: May 2023

Many recent studies have shown that Euler’s elastica regularization performs better than the famous total variation (TV) regularization on keeping image features in smooth regions during the process of denoising. In addition, an adaptive weighted matrix combined with total variation is a key technique for well restoring local features of image. Considering these two factors, in this paper, we propose an adaptive Euler’s elastica model for Poisson image restoration so as to well preserve both image features in smooth regions and local features of image. To solve this non-smooth and non-convex model efficiently, we design an alternating direction method of multipliers. Experiments on both natural and synthetic images illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods in Poisson restoration and denoising, respectively. In particular, for Poisson restoration, our proposed method improves the TV method up to 2.46 about PSNR for dealing with the Peppers image with Gaussian blur and noise level σ = 1. In addition, the proposed method for Poisson denoising gets higher PSNR and SSIM values than the TAC method, while costing less CPU time.
Experimental evaluation of fracture properties of aluminum alloy 1050-H14 by small punch test
Authors: Doan The Yen , Pham Hang Thi , Le Khai Quang , Nguyen Thi-Hang-Nga , Van Nghiem Vinh
Published: May 2023

Although ductile fracture properties of aluminum alloy have been examined by several research works, the effect of strain rate in small punch test is still unclear. An investigation on rate sensitivity of fracture mechanical characteristics of aluminum alloy in small punch test is necessary. In the present study, an experimental investigation of small punch test is performed at different deformation rate in quasi-static test for aluminum alloy 1050-H14. The strain-rate sensitivity of fracture properties are discussed based on the force-deflection curve as well as observation of fracture surface of deformed specimen after testing. The obtained results show that the material possesses a positive rate-sensitivity in the investigated range of displacement rate from 0.48 to 1.26 mm/min. The necking appears in a small region due to inhomogeneous deformation in the direction of cross-section at lower deformation rate. In the case of higher rate of deformation, more uniform deformation in the direction of cross-section and the local ductile fracture with more dimples can be observed.
Career capital, career success, and perceived employability: evidence from medical billing companies in the post-COVID world
Authors: Ali Khan Hafiz Ghufran , Ahmed Syed Khalil , Anwar Khan Muhammad , Khattak Shoukat Iqbal , Alam Beenish Fatima , Akbar Muhammad Faizan
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: This paper focuses on the concept of career construction based on the theory of conservation of resources to understand the overall effect of career capital on career success from both a subjective and objective manner through the mediating effect of perceived employability. OBJECTIVE: This study attempts to explain how different integrated aspects of career capital, including human, social, and psychological (antecedents), influence both subjective career success and objective career success (outcome) through the mediating effect of perceived employability (mediator). METHODS: Time-lagged data of 331 employees from the telehealth medical billing service companies based in Pakistan were analyzed through a structural equation modeling technique using SmartPLS software. RESULTS: The main results confirmed that career capital positively affects perceived employability and career success while perceived employability positively mediates the relationship between career capital and career success. CONCLUSION: This research responded to prior calls by explaining the positive mediating role of perceived employability (as a mediator) in explaining the positive influence of career capital on career success using different various dimensions of career capital and career success. This research included the contextual issues by testing the model in the telehealth sector of Pakistan. The findings suggested that context or occupation matters in the relationship between career capital and career success.
Change in women’s work burden and gender norms of unpaid care work after the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Authors: Chowdhuri Praheli Dhar , Kundu Kaushik , Meyur Suman
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant lockdown has increased the burden of unpaid care work. Hence it is essential to evaluate the crisis response in change of women’s work burden and gender norms of their unpaid care work and social status. OBJECTIVE: To investigate change in women’s job roles after second the wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on physical and psychological burden of work along with identification of common contributors of gendering of care work. METHOD: Using a structured questionnaire and simple random sampling technique, the study was conducted on married women (n = 691) in West Bengal, India after the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Significant job loss (p = 0.014) occurred during COVID-19. Unpaid care work increased (p = 0.04) with reduction in rest hours (p = 0.002). 62.3% women felt increased burden of work. Work burden score increased with age (p = 0.003), reduction of rest (p < 0.001) and increased care work (p = 0.022). Gendering occurred due to male partner’s less contribution to care work and respondents’ cognitive agreement with expected gender role. Gendering of work is less in urban areas (OR = 0.379, p = 0.008) and higher income group (OR = 5.37, p = 0.026). Women faced more gendering in case of job loss (OR = 9.27, p = 0.001) or if burdened with work (OR = 3.92, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The impact of employability of women on their work role during the COVID-19 outbreak has highlighted both theoretical and practical significance that opens up the scope of further studies at national and larger ethno-geographic levels.
Epidemiological study of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and related risk factors among automobile maintenance workers
Authors: Zhang Huadong , Deng Huaxin , Jia Ning , Chen Fengqiong , Li Xiaoping , Cao Lei , Wang Zhongxu , Liang Jing , Wang Rugang , Liu Jing
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: The automotive industry is labor-intensive, and workers are involved in highly repetitive tasks, long hours, and medium to low workloads, resulting in work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), which have become a major health concern for workers in this industry. China is a major automotive country with tens of thousands of auto repair workers, but their conditions of WMSDs have been poorly reported. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to analyze the current prevalence of WMSDs and their associated risk factors among automobile maintenance workers. METHODS: A total of 539 respondents from 50 automotive repair and maintenance companies in China were selected to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs via the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. Chi-square test and logistic regression models were applied to analyze their associated risk factors. RESULTS: The total prevalence of WMSDs among 539 workers was 32.8%. The top three body parts for prevalence were the lower back (17.1%), neck (16.3%), and shoulders (14.5%). The highest prevalence of WMSDs was found in the neck (23.6%) and lower back (14.3%) for sheet metal workers and mechanics, respectively, whereas painters had the highest prevalence of WMSDs in the lower back and feet (both at 15.4%). Logistic regression analysis showed that females were at higher risk of WMSDs than males (OR 5.027, [95% CI] [1.278–19.772], p < 0.05). Workers subjected to uncomfortable positions were at increased risk of WMSDs (OR 1.79, [95% CI] [1.333–2.410], p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of WMSDs is high among automotive maintenance workers, with the highest prevalence in the lower back (17.1%). Uncomfortable working postures and frequent repetitive movements with lower limbs and ankles at work may be important risk factors.
Functional capacity of individuals with brachial plexus injury
Authors: van der Laan Tallie M.J. , Postema Sietke G. , van der Sluis Corry K. , Reneman Michiel F.
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: To enable (pain free) functioning, individuals with brachial plexus injury (BPI) may require a higher functional capacity compared to two-handed individuals, because the load on unaffected structures is greater. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the functional capacity of individuals with BPI and healthy controls and explored differences in the functional capacity of BPI-affected individuals with respect to: those with and without hand function; affected and unaffected sides; with and without musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs). METHODS: Six functional capacity tests adjusted for one-handed function were performed by 23 BPI-affected individuals and 20 healthy controls. Hand function was assessed through physical examination and the Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to assess MSCs. RESULTS: Individuals with BPI scored lower for the two-handed tests, compared with the controls (p≤0.01, effect size (r) ≤–0.41 for both tests). However, both groups performed similar in the one-handed tests. On average individuals with BPI met the physical demands to perform sedentary to light physical work. Among BPI-affected individuals, two-handed overhead lifting capacity was higher in those with hand function than in those without hand function (p = 0.02; r = 0.33). Functional capacity tended to be lower for the unaffected side than for the affected side (4 tests; p≤0.05, r≤–0.36). Test results of BPI-affected Individuals with and without MSCs were similar. CONCLUSION: Individuals with BPI demonstrated lower two-handed functional capacity than healthy controls. Effect sizes were medium. Capacity of their unaffected side was similar to the dominant side of controls. No association was found between MSCs and functional capacity.
Continuing work in times of COVID-19: Protection measures in the workplace for health professionals
Authors: de Lima Barroso Bárbara Iansã , da Silva Carla Aparecida Alves , Mascarenhas Igor de Lucena , Nogueira Lilian de Fatima Zanoni , Ferreira Wellington Batista , Araújo Angélica Barros , de Oliveira e Silva Ana Cristina
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: The arrival of COVID-19 in Brazil and the accelerated process of dissemination/contamination added to the evolution of the clinical picture of the disease, and the saturation of the capacity of health services, creating new challenges for researchers, governments, and professionals involved in the occupational health area. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to systematize and synthesize the proposals adopted by the legislation and by the Brazilian State, with a focus on worker protection and guaranteeing a safe work environment for the performance of their professional activities. METHODS: This is qualitative bibliographical research of the narrative literature review type, developed from October 2020 to June 2021 in legislation databases using the strategy: “COVID-19” AND “coronavirus/coronavirus” AND “worker health” on official Brazilian government websites. RESULTS: The lack of an emergency plan for efficient actions to respond to the epidemic caused and is still causing the daily deaths of workers. CONCLUSION: There is a need to guarantee the effectiveness of national and international policies and norms that have been neglected by the Brazilian government.
Accelerating image reconstruction for multi-contrast MRI based on Y-Net3+
Authors: Cai Xin , Hou Xuewen , Sun Rong , Chang Xiao , Zhu Honglin , Jia Shouqiang , Nie Shengdong
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: As one of the significant preoperative imaging modalities in medical diagnosis, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) takes a long scanning time due to its special imaging principle. OBJECTIVE: We propose an innovative MRI reconstruction strategy and data consistency method based on deep learning to reconstruct high-quality brain MRIs from down-sampled data and accelerate the MR imaging process. METHODS: Sixteen healthy subjects undergoing T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) and T2-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences by a 1.5T MRI scanner were recruited. A Y-Net3+ network was used to facilitate the high-quality MRI reconstruction through context information. In addition, the existing data consistency fidelity method was improved. The difference between the reconstructed K-space and the original K-space was shorten by the linear regression algorithm. Therefore, the redundant artifacts derived from under-sampling were avoided. The Structural Similarity (SSIM) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) were applied to quantitatively evaluate image reconstruction performance of different down-sampling patterns. RESULTS: Compared with the classical Y-Net, Y-Net3+ network improved SSIM and PSNR of MRI images from 0.9164±0.0178 and 33.2216±3.2919 to 0.9387±0.0363 and 35.1785±3.3105, respectively, under compressed sensing reconstruction with acceleration factor of 4. The improved network increases signal-to-noise ratio and adds more image texture information in the reconstructed images. Furthermore, in the process of data consistency, linear regression analysis was used to reduce the difference between the reconstructed K-space and the original K-space, so that the SSIM and PSNR were increased to 0.9808±0.0081 and 40.9254±1.1911, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The improved Y-Net combined with data consistency fidelity method elucidates its potential in reconstructing high-quality T2-weighted images from the down-sampled data by fully exploring the T1-weighted information. With the advantage of avoiding down-sampled artifacts, the improved network exhibits remarkable clinical promise for fast MRI applications.
Self-Replication, Spontaneous Mutations, and Exponential Genetic Drift in Neural Cellular Automata
Authors: Sinapayen Lana
Published: May 2023

This paper reports on patterns exhibiting self-replication with spontaneous, inheritable mutations and exponential genetic drift in Neural Cellular Automata. Despite the models not being explicitly trained for mutation or inheritability, the descendant patterns exponentially drift away from ancestral patterns, even when the automaton is deterministic. While this is far from being the first instance of evolutionary dynamics in a cellular automaton, it is the first to do so by exploiting the power and convenience of Neural Cellular Automata, arguably increasing the space of variations and the opportunity for Open Ended Evolution.
Circuits, Currents, Kirchhoff, and Maxwell
Authors: Eisenberg Robert
Published: May 2023

Electricity flows in circuits that bring us power and information. The current flow in circuits is defined by the Maxwell equations that are as exact and universal as any in science. The Maxwell-Ampere law defines the source of the magnetic field as a current. In a vacuum, like that between stars, there are no charges to carry that current. In a vacuum, the source of the magnetic field is the displacement current, \(\varepsilon_0\ \partial\mathbf{E}/\partial t\). Inside matter, the source of the magnetic field is the flux of charge added to the displacement current. This total current obeys a version of Kirchhoff’s current law that is implied by the mathematics of the Maxwell equations, and therefore is as universal and exact as they are. Kirchhoff's laws provide a useful coarse graining of the Maxwell equations that avoids calculating the Coulombic interactions of \({10}^{23}\) charges yet provide sufficient information to design the integrated circuits of our computers. Kirchhoff's laws are exact, as well as coarse grained because they are a mathematical consequence of the Maxwell equations, without assumption or further physical content. In a series circuit, the coupling in Kirchhoff’s law makes the total current exactly equal everywhere at any time. The Maxwell equations provide just the forces needed to move atomic charges so the total currents in Kirchhoff’s law are equal for any mechanism of charge movement. Those movements couple processes for any physical mechanism of charge movement. In biology, Kirchhoff coupling is an important part of membrane transport and enzyme function. For example, it helps the membrane enzymes cytochrome c oxidase and ATP-synthase produce ATP, the biological store of chemical energy.
Power in Religious Organizations: a Study of Principals' Perspectives as Seen in Three Religious High Schools in Michigan
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Allen Patrick
Published: May 2023

Problem. Power is a phenomenon that is known to almost everyone, and is evident in any relationship that involves at least two individuals. Despite its inescapability, not many individuals are aware of its nature and characteristics and how it displays itself, especially in the organizational setting. This study focused on how power displays itself in religious organizations, and described particular activities that occur in the context of three religious schools in Michigan. Method. To accomplish the purpose of the study the literature on power was reviewed to identify the existing theories. This documentary approach was combined with case studies to examine the phenomenon within real-life contexts. The case study techniques used were interviews, observation, note taking, and reviewing extant documents in all three schools to obtain a sense of what the observed world was really like. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. This occurred throughout the process but especially when the data were categorized in a case record by subject and site, and when the database was read several times to look for patterns and to make inferences. Conclusions. The religious institutions studied were characterized by systems of organization, authority, and ideology, which kept things in order and allowed them to accomplish their mission and maintain their status quo. The lower organizations such as the schools operated in a similar way to the church body which owns them, and to ensure that this happens, the head of the church organization serves also as the titular head of the schools and has representatives on the boards of these lower organizations. The policies by which these schools operate are drafted by the parent organization, and specific school policies required approval of the higher organization before becoming effective. Authority is the most evident form of power in the schools and is legitimized by position, person, and performance. The CEO is authorized by the board to lead the institution. His power is further strengthened by his character, ability to use the elements of the spiritual life, and resources for the benefit of the organization. Ideology was identified as the sieve through which education is transmitted, and played a major role in the employment of teachers. The systems of organization, authority, and ideology provide opportunity for a high potential for abuse, because of the rigidity in their structures and expected adherence. The principals are required to enforce the standards and model the qualities of the Christian life as was evident in Jesus Christ. This posed a serious challenge as the servant leadership which they would like to model was frequently subsumed to the need to fulfill organizational requirements.
Eating-Disorder Patterns in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personaity Inventory
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Baer-Barkley Karen
Published: May 2023

Problem. Early intervention is crucial for effective treatment of eating disorders. While there have recently been many assessment tools developed specifically for eating disorders, a screening tool is still needed. This study sought to identify, in an eating-disordered sample, the existence of a v-shaped pattern on scales 4-5-6 of the MMPI, a commonly used general measure of psychopathology. Method. The sample consisted of 356 females who were being treated for eating disorders through the HOPE program between 1989 and 1996. Past research on the MMPI has produced equivocal results on identifying significant patterns on the clinical scales. Since prior research did not control for the effects of comorbidity, this study considered additional diagnoses in the analysis of the data. Results. The results of this research supported the existence of an eating-disorder pattern for anorectic and bulimic subjects that departed significantly from that of a normal population. The v-shaped pattern was tested at four different levels of magnitude. Statistical analysis confirmed that the v-shaped pattern, defined in several different ways, occurred significantly more than would be expected by chance. Additionally, the presence of comorbidity appeared to have little effect on the proportion of individuals showing the V-shaped profile. Conclusions. This research supports the existence of a 4-5-6 pattern as a means of identifying individuals appropriate for more focused assessment.
Theoretical Orientations to Reading and Reading Instructional Practices of Selected Home-Education Parents in Southwest Michigan
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Barnes Pollyanna
Published: May 2023

Problem. This research study sought to determine (1) home educators' beliefs about reading, (2) their reading instructional practices, and (3) the consistency between parents' beliefs and practice. Method. This study used multiple sources of data. Demographic information was collected from 78 active home educators in southwest Michigan. DeFord's (1985) Theoretical Orientation to Reading Profile (TORP) determined parents' theoretical orientation to reading. Nine parents were interviewed and observed teaching reading. The Moss (1980) Classroom Analysis of Teachers' Theoretical Orientation (CATTOR) was used to record parents' instructional practices in reading. Documents utilized during instruction were analyzed and placed in one or more of the three categories: phonics, skills, and whole language. Results. The TORP indicated that 51 of the parents held the skills orientation; 27 held the phonics orientation; and no parent held a whole language orientation. Using the CATTOR to analyze the instructional practices of nine parent-teachers, it was found that 6 out of 9 had a phonics orientation. Two had a whole language orientation, and one had a skills orientation. Instructional practices, teaching materials, and theoretical orientations were consistent in six of the nine situations. Conclusion. In this study the idea that theoretical orientation drives instruction was supported. It appears that knowledge, curriculum materials, and experience also play an important role in directing the course of reading instruction.
Relationships Among Expectations of Reentry Problems of International Students Living in On-Campus Apartments and Off-Campus Housing at Andrews University and Selected Student Characteristics
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Bourget-Tactuk José
Published: May 2023

Problem. Andrews University has maintained a large international student population throughout the years, but no previous study exists that examines expectations of reentry problems among international students. Consequently, neither has there been data collected on important demographic variables influencing the sojourn experience of this group, nor does there exist information about relationships among demographic variables and specific reentry areas that shape the students' expectations about the return home. Method. The Expectations of Problems Upon Return to the Home Country Among International Students at Andrews University survey instrument was developed. Descriptive statistics were used to discover demographic characteristics and frequency of responses. t-tests were done to identify the presence of significant differences between selected dichotomous student characteristics and seven areas of reentry concern. One-way ANOVAs were done to explore main effects among non-dichotomous variables and two-way ANOVAs were done to explore possible interactions. Results. Unmarried students had significantly higher expectations of problems in the return experience in regard to three reentry areas: national and political conditions (p =.001), educational aspects (p =.049) and professional aspects (p =.006). Students who socialized little, or not at all, with other students from the same country had significantly lower expectations of problems in regard to professional aspects in the return experience than those who socialized more (p =.0248). Seven significant main effects and ten significant interactive effects were obtained for variables unrelated to hypotheses in the study. Conclusions. Marital status, age, level of degree program, location of Andrews University, use of English language and socialization with students from the home country represent significant student characteristics that shape expectations of reentry problems in regard to cultural adjustment, national and political conditions, professional aspects and church work adjustment. Professional integration is an issue of primary concern.
The Sacred Times Prescribed in the Pentateuch : Old Testament Indicators of the Extent of Their Applicability
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Cole H. Ross
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the sacred times prescribed in the Pentateuch and to determine if the Old Testament itself contains indicators of the extent of their applicability. "Applicability" refers primarily to ongoing applicability throughout time. However, whether a sacred time will be universally applicable in the future may be directly related to whether it was ever meant to be universally applicable in the first place. Accordingly, this study entails a close examination of many different features of the Pentateuchal sacred times and their applicability. Chapter 1 reviews relevant literature and describes the present investigator's methodology. On the basis of the Old Testament passages referring to these scored times, five possible criteria are developed for establishing whether a sacred time is permanent or temporary. The first criterion concerns the canonical picture of its terminus ad cruem. the second concerns the canonical picture of its terminus a quo, the third concerns the identity of those who observe it, the fourth concerns the constituent elements necessary for its observance, and the fifth concerns the interrelationship between the different sacred times. Chapters 2 and 3 respectively examine the relevant evidence from the Pentateuch and the evidence from the rest of the Old Testament. In both chapters the general issue of ethical versus ritual law is examined before the specific issue of the Pentateuchal sacred times. Chapter 4 concludes that the Old Testament itself indicates the permanence of the weekly Sabbath and the temporary nature of the other Pentateuchal sacred times. The implications of these conclusions are explored for biblical theology and for Jewish-Christian dialogue.
Teacher Efficacy and the Use of Specific Instructional Practices by Seventh- and Eighth-Grade Science Teachers in the United States
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Burton Larry
Published: May 2023

Problem. Current reform efforts in science education are constructivist in nature and call for major changes in the way science has been taught in the schools. Teacher efficacy, a measure of perceived instructional empowerment, is one variable which has been linked to teacher change and general classroom innovation. However, the specific relationship between efficacy and innovative science instruction had not been examined. Method. This descriptive study employed a correlational design utilizing cross-sectional survey methodology. Data were collected via a three-part survey instrument. The purpose ofthis design was to gather descriptive data on science education in seventh- and eighth-grade classes in the United States and to correlate reported use of instructional practiceswith teacher efficacy scores and selected context variables. Study participants totaled 285 from an original national sample of 543, for a net return rate of 52.5%. The data from these respondents were presented through descriptive statistics, Spearman rho correlation, and chi square. Results. Data were presented concerning the reported use of specific instructional practices in seventh- and eighth-grade science education in the United States. Discussion and lecture were the two most commonly used instructional methods. Results show use of hands-on lab activities increased 4%, while use of lecture has decreased almost 6% since 1977. Hypothesis testing resulted in the rejection of both of the study's null hypotheses. Significant relationships were found between 34 specific instructional practices and teacher efficacy. The number and size of correlation coefficients were greater between efficacy and constructivist practices than between efficacy and traditional, absorption-type practices, although all correlations were weak. Fifty-three statistically significant correlations were found between use of specific instructional practices and years of teaching and between specific instructional practicesand perceived qualifications to teach science classes. Conclusions. While these correlations were statistically significant, they were typically small. The descriptive data suggested the use of a variety of teaching practices by science teachers in the seventh- and eighth-grade classroom. The large number of small yet significant correlations supports this conceptualization. External validity of this sample was supported through a comparison of demographic features with Weiss's (1994) national probability sample.
A Descriptive Multiple Case Study of Three Elementary Schools in Project Homecoming, the Inclusion Program Within the Dallas Independent School District
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Caraker Sharron
Published: May 2023

Topic. The focus of this study was the actions, policies, and procedures used in the successful implementation of an inclusion program in three elementary schools participating in Project Homecoming within the Dallas Independent School District. I was interested in how these actions, policies, and procedures affected the different groups within the schools--students, parents, certified staff, and non-certified staff as well. The data gathered in this study should be useful to other school districts in the process of developing an inclusion program in the elementary school. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the actions, policies, and procedures needed to implement a successful inclusion program. General Methodology. This study is a descriptive multiple case study of three of the elementary schools that are a part of the Project Homecoming in the Dallas Independent School District, Dallas, Texas. I reviewed documents associated with the "Homecoming" Project and conducted interviews and observations. The school administrators and program administrators were interviewed. "Homecoming" teachers and support personnel within the participating schools were interviewed, as well as students and their parents. An interview guide was formulated. The case study was piloted at a private school involved in the implementation of an inclusion program. Results. After the first year of implementing the program there were very few actions, policies, and procedures at the District level. The schools participating in the program did not implement any specific actions, policies, and procedures relative to Project Homecoming other than establishing school planning teams and including special-needs children in theregular classroom. The attitude of the staff and the commitment of the local schoolbuilding administrator were contributors to the success of this program after the initial implementation. The District was unable to carry through with extensive training and support services from the central office. Conclusions. Before implementing an inclusion program, school districts should be sure that all populations of the school community are committed to inclusion. The district should also be sure that funding is provided for staff development and support staff.
A Model for Marketing Agricultural Programs [in] Private Colleges and Universities
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Chittick Thomas
Published: May 2023

Problem. Enrollment in agriculture programs has been declining despite a shortage of qualified graduates to meet the current needs of the agriculture industry. Although the principles of marketing have been applied to higher education, little has been written about the marketing of agriculture programs in a liberal arts institution. Method. Information about marketing educational programs was reviewed in the literature and knowledge of current marketing practices of liberal arts colleges with agriculture programs was assembled by conducting site visits at seven colleges selected for the study. This information was the basis for the development of a marketing model. The model was reviewed by two panels of judges and their suggestions were noted in the study. Conclusions and recommendations were then made. Conclusions. The principles of marketing have been applied to institutions of higher learning and have had a positive impact on enrollment. A marketing plan should incorporate institutional research, market research, strategy formation, strategy execution and program review and evaluation. All the elements of a marketing plan are essential if the plan is to be dynamic and meet the specific needs of the institution. The marketing of agriculture programs utilizes marketing activities that are unique to the field of agriculture.
The Effects of a Pre-Therapy Information Audiotape on Client Satisfaction, Anxiety Level, Expectations, and Symptom Reduction
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Davison Mark
Published: May 2023

Problem. The effectiveness of pre-therapy information techniques on clients' satisfaction at termination of therapy, increased accuracy of clients' knowledge and expectations, reduction of anxiety, and total symptom reduction remains unclear. No single pre-therapy information preparatory technique has demonstrated positive universal effects. This research was an attempt to determine the effectiveness of a pre-therapy information audiotape on client satisfaction, accurate knowledge/expectations, reduction of anxiety, and symptom reduction. Method. The population included 52 voluntary clients who were utilizing the Andrews University Counseling and Testing Center. The clients in the experimental group listened to the pre-therapy information audiotape and were then asked to complete the Psychotherapy Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Client Checklist (CC-Pre). The clients in the control group were asked to complete the same measures as the experimental group, but did not listen to the pre-therapy information audiotape. At the termination of therapy, both client groups were asked to complete the Client Self-Rating Scale, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CS), and the Psychotherapy Questionnaire. The therapists rated the clients in both groups using the Revised Therapist Outcome Questionnaire, Therapist Global Rating Scale, and the Outpatient Rating Scale. The basic research design was an experimental pretest-posttest design. The t-Test for Independent Samples and Pearson's r statistical procedures were used to analyze the data. Results. The pre-therapy information audiotape did not demonstrate a significant effect on client satisfaction as measured by the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire or on client anxiety levels as measured by the State-TraitAnxiety Inventory. The pre-therapy information audiotape did demonstrate a significant effect on clients' accurate knowledge and expectations on the initial administration of the Psychotherapy Questionnaire (PQ-Pre) and on client symptom reduction levels as measured by the Client Checklist (CC-Pre and CC-Post). Conclusions. It was concluded that the administration of a pre-therapy information audiotape would be a successful tool in helping to increase the client's accurate knowledge and expectations regarding thetherapeutic process and in helping clients to achieve overall symptom reduction. The administration of the pre-therapy information audiotape was not found to affect clients' satisfaction with services or reduction of anxiety.
Spiritual Nurture in the Local Seventh-day Adventist Congregation Through the Spiritual Gifts of Prophecy and Shepherding
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Duran Francy
Published: May 2023

The purpose. The purpose of this research was to analyze the church as a nurturing entity, and the spiritual gifts that enable the church to develop a ministry of spiritual nurture. Method. This study followed the documentary methodology. The Scripture data, in both Old and New Testaments, regarding the purpose of the church and the gifts of prophecy and shepherding were analyzed indepth. Secondary sources, including books, journal articles, and research reports, were used where applicable. Conclusion. The church was called to accomplish a specific ministry. This ministry is much more than the Gospel proclamation that leads to conversion and church membership; it includes the life-long process of spiritual nurture that fosters the growth of Christian character. The biblical model of "churching" indicates that baptism is not the end but the beginning of the process of the spiritual maturation of the believer. Believers are guided and nurtured through the lifespan of their spiritual journey by a well-established ministry of spiritual nurture facilitated by the gifts of the Spirit. The understanding and utilization of spiritual gifts were the keys to the New Testament church's success. According to the biblical record, the early church accomplished its mission through the Spirit's gifts; spiritual nurture was achieved in an important way through the gifts of prophecy and shepherding. The present spiritual situation within Adventism suggests the need of a work of nurturing that must begin by understanding the nature of the church and the purpose and ministry of the gifts of prophecy and shepherding. The acceptance and utilization of these gifts will foster spiritual growth, transforming believers into Christ-likeness in preparation for His return.
The Name Israel and Related Expressions in the Books of Amos and Hosea
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Diop Ganoune
Published: May 2023

This study provides an investigation of the occurrences of the designation "Israel," the related names "Judah," "Jacob," "Joseph," "Isaac," "David," "Ephraim," and their combinations in the books of Amos and Hosea in order to find out their referents and the reasons for their usages. Chapter 1 provides a statement of the problem, pointing out the considerable divergence of opinions regarding the etymology, origin, and usage of the designation "Israel." Chapter 2 begins with a review of etymological and historical points of view in order to provide a background for the study. Then follows a review of the literature that addresses the issue of the name "Israel" in the books of Amos and Hosea. In spite of the valuable contributions made by a few scholars for the understanding of these names in the books of Amos and Hosea, these contributions are only partial and incomplete. Chapters 3 and 4 provide an exegetical and theological treatment of every occurrence of the designation "Israel" and related expressions in Amos and Hosea. Chapter 5 summarizes the research and sets forth some conclusions that may be drawn from it. A major conclusion of this dissertation is that the name "Israel" in the books of Amos and Hosea is not a monolithic designation, but that it is used in reference both to individuals and to groups. Depending on the context, "Israel" and related expressions have a variety of connotations— tribal, socio-political, religious/cultic, or even geographical. This research has revealed that by use of the related expressions, both Amos and Hosea reinvest the designation "Israel" with its intended theological content. Both prophets restore the covenantal connotation of the name "Israel." Going back before the institution of the monarchy, they use individual heroes of faith (namely, the patriarchs) in order to delineate the ideal identity and mission of God's people. The use of the tribal language ("sons of," "house of," "family") and of the covenant concept ("my people") provides the distinctive and unique features that characterize "Israel." Finally, the name "Israel" is theologically related to the destiny of non-Israelite peoples. The existence of "Israel" as a tribal society that co-existed with the state during the monarchy allowed the vision of a reunion of one people of God that would consist of persons of both Israelite and non-Israelite descent. From the perspective of the books of Amos and Hosea, the ultimate leadership of the Messiah is a key concept for such a reunion or for any definition of a future "Israel."
The Empirical Development of a Curriculum on Psalms Utilizing a Modified Form-Critical Approach
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Ewing Ted
Published: May 2023

Problem. The purpose of this study was to empirically develop a curriculum on the book of Psalms for readers of the English text that would bridge historical, theological, cultural, and linguistic distance, as well as overcome literary challenges associated with Hebrew poetry including figures of speech, parallelism, and psalm forms. Method. The instructional product development methodology employed in this study was based on the work of Baker and Schutz (1971) and Naden (1993). The need for the product was established through a literature review, the specific learners were described, behavioral objectives were constructed, an identical pre-test and post-test were prepared, criteria for the test questions were detailed, an instructional outline was formulated, and the instructional product was tested and revised repeatedly with groups of ever-increasing size. The acceptable level of post-test performance was set at 80/80 (80% of the learners were required to score 80% or higher on each of the 10 post-tests in order to achieve mastery of the instructional objectives). In the final tryout, the product was presented in the form of a weekend seminar to a group $(n=27)$ large enough to demonstrate statistically significant modification of cognition. The seminar was followed by a focus group interview (FGI) in order to assess the product's value at modifying affect. The FGI included one-third of the seminar participants and was conducted by a professional facilitator. A t-test for correlated means was used to measure the difference between the group means on the pre- and post-tests. Results. At least 80% of the 27 participants achieved 80% or higher on all of the 10 post-tests. Each of the 10 post-test means was significantly different than the pre-test mean at the.05 level. A qualitative analysis of thefocus group interview transcript revealed that positive modification of affect was attained. Conclusions. This study demonstrated again the value of the empirical development of curriculum, and it resulted in the creation of a curriculum that was proven effective at motivating and equipping participants to study Psalms on their own.