bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The radio/gamma-ray connection from 120 MHz to 230 GHz
Authors: Giroletti Marcello , D'Ammando Filippo , Orienti Monica , Lico Rocco
Published: July 2016

Radio loud active galactic nuclei are composed of different spatial features, each one characterized by different spectral properties in the radio band. Among them, blazars are the most common class of sources detected at gamma-rays by \fermi, and their radio emission is dominated by the flat spectrum compact core. In this contribution, we explore the connection between emission at high energy revealed by \fermi\ and at radio frequency. Taking as a reference the strong and very highly significant correlation found between gamma rays and cm-$\lambda$ radio emission, we explore different behaviours found as we change the energy range in gamma rays and in radio, therefore changing the physical parameters of the zones involved in the radiation emission. We find that the correlation weakens when we consider (1) gamma rays of energy above 10 GeV (except for high synchrotron peaked blazars) or (2) low frequency radio data taken by the Murchison Widefield Array; on the other hand, the correlation strengthens when we consider mm-$\lambda$ data taken by ALMA.
Urbanization and Its Effects on Industrial Pollutant emissions: An Empirical Study of a Chinese Case with the Spatial Panel Model
Authors: Guo Jin , Xu Yingzhi , Pu Zhengning
Published: July 2016

Urbanization is considered as a main indicator of regional economic development due to its positive effect on promoting industrial development; however, many regions, especially developing countries, are troubled by its negative effect — the aggravating environmental pollution. Many researchers have indicated that rapid urbanization stimulated the expansion of industrial production scale and increased industrial pollutant emissions. However, this judgement contains a grave deficiency in that urbanization not only expands industrial production scales but can also increase industrial labour productivity and change the industrial structure. To modify this deficiency, we first decompose the influence which urbanization impacts on industrial pollutant emissions into the scale effect, the intensive effect and the structure effect by using the Kaya Identity and the LMDI Method; second, we perform an empirical study of the three effects’ impacts by applying the spatial panel model with data from 282 Chinese cities between 2003 and 2013. Our results indicate that (1) there are significant reverse U-shapes between Chinese urbanization rate and its industrial pollutant emissions; (2) the scale effect and the structure effect have aggravated Chinese industrial waste water discharge, sulphur dioxide emissions and soot (dust) emissions, while the intensive effect has generated a decreasing and ameliorative impact on that aggravated trend. The definite relationship between urbanization and industrial pollutant emissions depends on the combined influence of the scale effect, the intensive effect and the structure effect; (3) there are significant spatial autocorrelations of industrial pollutant emissions between Chinese cities, but the spatial spillover effect from other cities does not aggravate local urban industrial pollutant emissions, we offer an explanation to this contradiction that the vast rural areas surrounding Chinese cities have served as sponge belts and have absorbed the spatial spillover of cities’ industrial pollutant emissions. According to the results, we argue that this type of decomposition of the influence into three effects is necessary and meaningful, it establishes a solid foundation for understanding the relationship between urbanization and industrial pollutant emissions, and effectively helps to meet relative policy making.
KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN PELAGIS BESAR DI KOTA AMBON
Authors: Tuhuteru Ahadar , Kusumastanto Tridoyo , Hidayat Aceng
Published: July 2016

Ikan pelagis besar yang dominan ditangkap oleh nelayan-nelayan di Kota Ambon adalah ikan cakalang dan tuna. Kecenderungan penangkapan yang meningkat terhadap dua komoditas pelagis besar tersebut mengancam keberlanjutan sumberdayanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat alokasi optimal dan kebijakan pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan pelagis besar di pesisir Kota Ambon. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis bioekonomi serta Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa rente ekonomi tertinggi adalah rezim MEY yaitu Rp.11.723 juta dengan tingkat produksi sebesar 1.926 ton dan effort 2.404 trip. Tingkat produksi aktual sebesar 1.813 ton per tahun dan nilai effort 3.221 trip per tahun lebih rendah dari MSY (2.491 ton per tahun dan 4.589 trip per tahun) dengan nilai rente ekonomi  Rp.2.543 juta per tahun menunjukkan kondisi sumberdaya ikan pelagis besar di Kota Ambon belum terindikasi overfishing. Para pakar (responden) menganggap kriteria ekologi memegang peranan penting dalam keberlanjutan sumberdaya ikan pelagis besar di pesisir Kota Ambon. Agar pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan pelagis besar berkelanjutan, maka arah kebijakan yang diperlukan meliputi pengaturan quota, pengembangan investasi armada tangkap pancing tonda (trolling) dibandingkan huhate (pole and line), peningkatan kapasitas SDM, manajemen usaha terpadu, dan penguatan peran lembaga sasi.
WISATA ALAM BERBASIS MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI UPAYA PELESTARIAN PENYU DI PANTAI TEMAJUK KAWASAN PERBATASAN KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Nurita Nurita , Mulatsih Sri , Ekayani Meti
Published: July 2016

Pelestarian Penyu di Pantai Temajuk yang semakin terancam dari waktu ke waktu karena masalah kemiskinan dan terbatasnya lapangan pekerjaan. Daerah perbatasan umumnya jauh dari pembangunan menyebabkan masyarakat lokal cenderung memanfaatkan potensi sumber daya alam yang ada. Salah satunya adalah penjualan telur Penyu secara ilegal yang mengakibatkan keberadaan Penyu di Pantai Temajuk terancam. Dalam lingkup nasional dan internasional Penyu berstatus dilindungi, namun kondisi Penyu semakin terancam karena aktivitas tersebut. Status perlindungan saja tidak cukup untuk mempertahankan kelestarian Penyu, selama secara ekonomi masyarakat lokal masih lemah. Penyu mempunyai potensi yang lebih besar dan bernilai jual. Pemanfaatan Penyu sebagai objek wisata merupakan salah satu alternatif solusi terhadap kepentingan perlindungan Penyu dan memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat lokal. Pengunjung Pantai Temajuk mendukung usaha pelestarian Penyu melalui kesediaan membayar untuk tarif tiket wisata alam Penyu yang mempengaruhi penerimaan wisata dan berpotensi untuk memotivasi masyarakat lokal bekerja di bidang wisata. Selain itu, adanya dukungan dari masyarakat lokal menyatakan bersedia mengubah pola mencari nafkah dari menjual telur Penyu ke usaha di bidang wisata.
EFEKTIVITAS TENAGA TEKNIS PENGUJI KAYU BULAT DALAM PENATAUSAHAAN HASIL HUTAN (STUDI KASUS HUTAN ALAM KALIMANTAN TENGAH)
Authors: Hajrah Hajrah , Kartodihardjo Hariadi , Nugroho Bramasto
Published: July 2016

Tenaga teknis dalam pengusahaan hutan di Kalimantan Tengah mengalami kecenderungan peningkatan namun tidak diimbangi dengan peningkatan Provisi Sumber Daya Hutan (PSDH) dan Dana Reboisasi (DR) serta kelestarian usaha. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efektivitas tenaga teknis dalam penatausahaan hasil hutan. Dengan menggunakan content analysis dan agency theory diketahui bahwa selama periode 1990 sampai dengan sekarang kebijakan penatausahaan hasil hutan hampir tidak mengalami perubahan secara substantif dan tetap berimplikasi pada tingginya biaya transaksi. Biaya pengawasan yang dibebankan kepada agent selaku pihak yang diawasi menimbulkan konflik kepentingan baik pada principal maupun agent, sehingga berakibat pada ketidakefektifan tenaga teknis dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Untuk menghindari hal tersebut maka sumber daya untuk keperluan pengawasan harusnya menjadi tanggung jawab principal. Kemajuan teknologi juga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengembangkan penatausahaan hasil hutan.
Dependence of Shale Permeability on Pressure
Authors: Wheaton Richard
Published: July 2016

In this paper, an equation relating shale permeability to pressure and geomechanical properties is derived. This is important because the success of shale gas and oil developments depends on increasing fracture-based permeability with pressure caused by fluid injection. A simple equation relating shale permeability to pressure, Young's modulus (a measure of the elasticity of the shale), and Poisson's ratio is derived from the basic conservation-of-momentum equation. The use of this equation to predict shale permeability and, hence, the likely success of fracturing for any particular shale, on the basis of measured geomechanical properties is discussed.
Algorithms for In‐Season Nutrient Management in Cereals
Authors: Franzen Dave , Kitchen Newell , Holland Kyle , Schepers James , Raun William
Published: July 2016

The demand for improved decision‐making products for cereal production systems has placed added emphasis on using plant sensors in‐season, and that incorporate real‐time, site specific, growing environments. The objectives of this work were to describe validated in‐season sensor‐based algorithms presently being used in cereal grain production systems for improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and cereal grain yields. A review of research programs in the central Great Plains that have developed sensor‐based N recommendations for cereal crops was performed. Algorithms included multiple land‐grant university, government, and industry programs. A common thread in this review is the use of active sensors, particularly those using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for quantifying differences in fertilized and non‐fertilized areas, within a specific cropping season. In‐season prediction of yield potential over different sites and years is possible using NDVI, planting date, sensing date, cumulative growing degree days (GDD), and rainfall. Other in‐season environment‐specific inputs have also been used. Early passive sensors have advanced to by‐plant N fertilization using active NDVI and by‐plant statistical properties. Most recently, sensor‐based algorithm research has focused on the development of generalized mathematical models for determining optimal crop N application. The development and promotion of fee‐based modeling approaches for nutrient management continues. Nonetheless, several algorithms using active sensors for in‐season N management are available from state and government sources at no cost and that have been extensively field tested and can be modified by producers.

Core Ideas

Normalized difference vegetation index algorithms can improve fertilizer N efficiency.

Normalized difference vegetation index sensors currently sold employ these algorithms.

Algorithms rely on knowledge that increased yields increase fertilizer N demand.

Yield potential and N response are independent.

Nitrogen‐rich strips help to predict in‐season grain yields.
Documenting Trends in Nutrient Use and Conservation Practices on US Golf Courses
Authors: Gelernter Wendy D. , Stowell Larry J. , Johnson Mark E. , Brown Clark D.
Published: July 2016

Between an initial survey in 2007 and a follow‐up in 2014, US golf courses have decreased their nutrient use, with annual reductions of 34% (30,970 tons) for N, 53% (17,867 tons) for P2O5, and 42% (37, 419 tons) for K2O (potash). Reductions in the number of fertilized acres, golf course closures, and reductions in nutrient use rates were responsible for the observed trends. There is dramatic, climate‐driven regional variation in nutrient use across the United States, with the lowest rates in the cool climates of the Northeast and North Central regions and the highest rates in the warm climates of the Southeast and Southwest regions. Future reductions in nutrient use on golf courses will be facilitated by continued adoption of conservation measures, adoption of lower nutrient use guidelines, additional governmental regulation, and cutbacks in the number of golf courses.
Genetic Diversity of Great Plains Hard Winter Wheat Germplasm for Forage
Authors: Kim Ki‐Seung , Anderson Joshua D. , Newell Mark A. , Grogan Sarah M. , Byrne Patrick F. , Baenziger P. Stephen , Butler Twain J.
Published: July 2016

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been widely grown for winter forage production across the world. However, improvement of forage yield and nutritive characteristics has not been a major goal of wheat breeding programs, and little is known about genetic diversity in the traits of winter wheat germplasm. A set of 299 hard winter wheat germplasm from the Great Plains was evaluated during two growing seasons in Oklahoma and 15 forage‐related traits were evaluated. There were significant (P < 0.0001) genetic variations in all the traits but effects of environment and germplasm × environment interaction were significant for seven and eight traits, respectively. A significant portion of the variation for forage traits was due to genetics, indicating an ability to breed for improved forage traits. Dry matter yield (DMY, kg ha−1) of the germplasm ranged from 1260 for Cheyenne to 4158 for Sturdy2K. Crude protein (CP, g kg−1) ranged from 161 for OK05108 to 268 for Nuplains. When crude protein yield (kg ha−1) was considered, Sturdy2K was the best germplasm, followed by 2180 and OK1068009. State of origin of the germplasm was also a significant source of variation for most of the traits. Heading date was positively and negatively associated with CP and DMY, respectively. This study identified significant genetic variations of the hard winter wheat germplasm for forage traits and the results of this study could provide useful guidelines for winter forage wheat breeding programs.
Failure processes of old manufacturing firms in different European countries
Authors: Lukason Oliver , K. Laitinen Erkki
Published: July 2016

This study aims to detect failure processes on the example of old bankrupted European manufacturing firms. Two study designs are applied, namely the original six variables from Laitinen’s (1991) model and an extended dataset with eleven variables for a five-year timespan before declared bankruptcy. On both occasions, two different failure processes are detected which indicate elements of either quickly or gradually failing firms. Clear contingencies between detected processes and firms’ countries of origin exist. There is some evidence that firms of different sizes follow varying failure processes, but this does not apply when discriminating between exporters and non-exporters
Authors: Syufagi Moh. Aries , Purnomo Mauridhi Hery , Hariadi Mochamad
Published: July 2016

To assess the cognitive level of player ability is difficult; many instruments are potentially biased, unreliable, and invalid test. Whereas, in serious game is important to know the cognitive level. If the cognitive level can be measured well, the mastery learning can be achieved. Mastery learning is the core of the learning process in serious game. To classify the cognitive level of players, researchers propose a Cognitive Skill Game (CSG). CSG improves this cognitive concept to monitor how players interact with the game. This game employs Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) for optimizing the cognitive skill input classification of the player. Training data in LVQ use data observation from the teacher. Populations of cognitive skill classification in this research are pupils when playing the game. Mostly players cognitive skill game have cognitive skill category are Trial and Error. Some of them have Expert category, and a few included in the group carefully. Thus, the general level of skill of the player is still low.

Untuk menilai tingkat kognitif dari kemampuan pemain sangatlah sulit; banyak instrumen yang berpotensi bias, tidak dapat diandalkan, dan merupakan tes yang tidak valid. Padahal, dalam serious game penting untuk mengetahui tingkat kognitif. Jika tingkat kognitif dapat diukur dengan baik, penguasaan pembelajaran dapat dicapai. Penguasaan belajar adalah inti dari proses belajar dalam serious game. Untuk mengklasifikasikan tingkat kognitif pemain, kami mengusulkan Cognitive Skill Game (CSG). CSG meningkatkan konsep kognitif untuk memantau bagaimana pemain berinteraksi dengan permainan. Permainan ini menggunakan Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) untuk mengoptimalkan input klasifikasi keterampilan kognitif pemain. Data trining dalam observasi LVQ menggunakan data dari guru. Populasi klasifikasi keterampilan kognitif dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa saat memainkan permainan. Sebagian besar pemain CSG berkategori keterampilan kognitif adalah coba-coba. Beberapa dari mereka memiliki kategori Ahli, dan sedikit yang termasuk dalam kelompok hati-hati. Dengan demikian, secara umum kemampuan pemain masih rendah.
Authors: Holle Khadijah Fahmi Hayati , Arifin Agus Zainal , Purwitasari Diana
Published: July 2016

In document retrieval, besides the suitability of query with search results, there is also a subjective user assessment that is expected to be a deciding factor in document ranking. This preference aspect is referred at the fiqh document searching. People tend to prefer on certain fiqh methodology without rejecting other fiqh methodologies. It is necessary to investigate preference factor in addition to the relevance factor in the document ranking. Therefore, this research proposed a method of term weighting based on preference to rank documents according to user preference. The proposed method is also combined with term weighting based on documents index and books index so it sees relevance and preference aspect. The proposed method is Inverse Preference Frequency with Î± value (IPFÎ±). In this method, we calculate preference value by IPF term weighting. Then, the preference values of terms that is equal with the query are multiplied by Î±. IPFÎ± combined with the existing weighting methods become TF.IDF.IBF.IPFÎ±. Experiment of the proposed method uses dataset of several Arabic fiqh documents. Evaluation uses recall, precision, and f-measure calculations. Proposed term weighting method is obtained to rank the document in the right order according to user preference. It is shown from the result with recall value reach 75%, precision 100%, and f-measure 85.7% respectively.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM ARRHYTHMIA CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE BASED FUZZY LOGIC
Authors: Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Indriyani Tutuk , Firmansyah Muhammad Heru
Published: July 2016

Arrhythmia is a cardiovascular disease that can be diagnosed by doctors using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The information contained on the ECG is used by doctors to analyze the electrical activity of the heart and determine the type of arrhythmia suffered by the patient. In this study, ECG arrhythmia classification process was performed using Support Vector Machine based fuzzy logic. In the proposed method, fuzzy membership functions are used to cope with data that are not classifiable in the method of Support Vector Machine (SVM) one-against-one. An early stage of the data processing is the baseline wander removal process on the original ECG signal using Transformation Wavelet Discrete (TWD). Afterwards then the ECG signal is cleaned from the baseline wander segmented into units beat. The next stage is to look for six features of the beat. Every single beat is classified using SVM method based fuzzy logic. Results from this study show that ECG arrhythmia classification using proposed method (SVM based fuzzy logic) gives better results than original SVM method. ECG arrhythmia classification using SVM method based fuzzy logic forms an average value of accuracy level, sensitivity level, and specificity level of 93.5%, 93.5%, and 98.7% respectively. ECG arrhythmia classification using only SVM method forms an average value accuracy level, sensitivity level, and specificity level of 91.83%, 91.83%, and 98.36% respectively.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SERIAL AND PARALLEL BUBBLE SORT ON FPGA
Authors: Purnomo Dwi Marhaendro Jati , Arinaldi Ahmad , Priyantini Dwi Teguh , Wibisono Ari , Febrian Andreas
Published: July 2016

Sorting is common process in computational world. Its utilization are on many fields from research to industry. There are many sorting algorithm in nowadays. One of the simplest yet powerful is bubble sort. In this study, bubble sort is implemented on FPGA. The implementation was taken on serial and parallel approach. Serial and parallel bubble sort then compared by means of its memory, execution time, and utility which comprises slices and LUTs. The experiments show that serial bubble sort required smaller memory as well as utility compared to parallel bubble sort. Meanwhile, parallel bubble sort performed faster than serial bubble sort
PENERAPAN RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN DALAM PERANCANGAN SISTEM MODUL ONLINE ADAPTIF
Authors: Hidayat Arief , Utomo Victor Gayuh , Djohan Henry Anggoro
Published: July 2016

Dewasa ini akses sebuah aplikasi web dapat melalui smartphone maupun tablet, sehingga terdapat tuntutan aplikasi web yang biasanya diakses melalui komputer, tetap responsif terhadap ukuran layar smartphone maupun tablet. Teknik tersebut dinamakan responsive web design, sebuah teknik yang digunakan desainer website untuk memberikan pengalaman visual yang elegan tanpa mempedulikan ukuran browser yang digunakan dan batasan apapun tentang cara mengakses perangkat tersebut. Berbagai sistem berbasis web lambat laun mulai menerapkan responsive web design termasuk sistem pembelajaran. Sebuah sistem pembelajaran rata-rata didesain sama untuk semua siswa yang mengikutinya. Hal ini tentu saja oleh siswa dirasa tidak cukup untuk memahami materi yang tersedia di sistem pembelajaran, mengingat gaya belajar setiap siswa berlainan. Sistem modul online adaptif diharapkan mampu menyediakan sumber pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan gaya belajar siswa. Sistem tersebut juga mampu mengakomodir lingkungan pembelajaran sesuai dengan gaya belajar siswa. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu sebuah sistem modul online adaptif yang dapat mengakomodir pembelajaran sesuai dengan gaya belajar siswa dan dapat diakses dimanapun, kapanpun, dan menggunakan perangkat genggam apapun sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi pada bidang pendidikan sekaligus personalisasi gaya belajar siswa.
APLIKASI WEB PENGUKURAN KINERJA LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY-AHP, WPM DAN BALANCED SCORECARD
Authors: Findawati Yulian , Astutik Ika Ratna Indra
Published: July 2016

Performance measurement system is one of the existing models to monitor the successful implement-tation of a predetermined objective strategy leadership of the company including Microfinance Insti-tutions (MFIs). In this case, the Balanced Scorecard is a performance measurement method considered suitable for Microfinance Institutions in IndonesiaTherefore, researchers are trying to apply the Balanced Scorecard performance measurement models in the form of performance measurement application program of Microfinance Institutions using the web -based programming languages PHP and MySQL which the Microfinance Institutions can perform measurements on himself (self assessment) so that the measurement of the performance of Micro fi-nance Institutions can be run effectively and efficiently. The test is done by doing research in Micro-finance Institutions located in Sidoarjo. The sample data is Microfinance Institutions in Sidoarjo.For performance measurement criteria based on the Balanced Scorecard method namely financial pers-pective, customer perspective, internal process perspective and learning and growth perspective. While the method of Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy-AHP) and Weighted Product Model used for weighting the criteria and sub-criteria and the final assessment. Weighting is done based on the criteria and sub-criteria prioritization interest rate. The results of the analysis and design of the system will be applied to the measurement of application performance Web-based Microfinance Institutions.
AUDIT SISTEM INFORMASI/TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DENGAN KERANGKA KERJA COBIT UNTUK EVALUASI MANAJEMEN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DI UNIVERSITAS XYZ
Authors: Fitrianah Devi , Sucahyo Yudho Giri
Published: July 2016

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi sebagai pendukung pencapaian tujuan dan sasaran organisasi harus diimbangi dengan keefektifan dan efisiensi pengelolaannya. Maka dari itu, audit TI haruslah dilakukan untuk menjaga keamanan sistem informasi sebagai aset organisasi, untuk mempertahankan integritas informasi yang disimpan dan diolah dan tentu saja untuk meningkatkan keefektifan penggunaan teknologi informasi serta mendukung efisiensi dalam organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemetaan terhadap tahap audit TI beserta kontrolnya yang kemudian diaplikasikan pada sebuah organisasi, yaitu Universitas XYZ untuk melihat kinerja TI yang ada. Kerangka kerja yang digunakan sebagai acuan adalah COBIT-ISACA dengan menggunakan 210 detailed control objective yang ada. Penyelenggaraan audit dilakukan dengan menggunakan tahapan-tahapan yang ada pada IT Assurance Guide. Hasil dari evaluasi atau temuan dilakukan analisa root cause sehingga didapat sebuah rekomendasi untuk manajemen TI yang lebih baik lagi.
MESIN PENCARI BERBASISKAN SEMANTIK UNTUK BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Handayani Putu Wuri , Wiryana I Made , Milde Jan-Torsten
Published: July 2016

Makin meningkatnya jumlah informasi yang terdapat di Internet menjadi salah satu alasan yang kuat untuk mengembangkan mesin pencari yang handal. Google merupakan salah satu mesin pencari yang handal namun masih memiliki keterbatasan khususnya dalam melakukan analisa kandungan dokumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan mesin pencari yang dapat menganalisa kandungan teks bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan metodologi studi literatur dan penelitian lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba, penggunaan analisa semantik mempermudah pengguna dalam mencari artikel yang dibutuhkan.
PENERAPAN DOMINANCE-BASED ROUGH SET APPROACH DALAM PEMERINGKATAN KUALITAS DESAIN SOFTWARE BERORIENTASI OBJEK
Authors: Mursanto Petrus , Tomiarfi Ardhi
Published: July 2016

Penerapan Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) untuk menentukan peringkat kualitas sejumlah aplikasi berbasis objek telah dipelajari. DRSA diterapkan untuk memformulasikan satu set klasifikasi dimana kualitas software aplikasi digolongkan. Klasifikasi dibentuk berdasarkan hasil pengukuran Metrics of Object Oriented Design (MOOD) terhadap properti software berbasis Java. Pemanfaatan DRSA merupakan metode alternatif untuk menginterpretasikan nilai-nilai metrics dan menentukan sebuah nilai kuantitatif yang merepresentasikan kualitasnya relatif terhadap software yang lain. Studi eksperimental menunjukkan bahwa akurasi hasil DRSA bergantung pada jumlah sample aplikasi yang dijadikan referensi dalam menurunkan satu set definisi aturan untuk mengklasifikasikan properti software. Sample aplikasi dalam eksperimen diambil dari library Java yang telah teruji modularity, usability dan maintainability-nya. Secara umum, hasil eksperimen menyimpulkan bahwa DRSA dapat diterapkan untuk menentukan peringkat kualitas relatif dari sejumlah aplikasi dalam populasi sample. Application of Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) to rank the quality of a number of object-based applications have been studied. DRSA applied to formulate a set of software quality classification in which the application is classified. Classification established by the results of measurements Metrics of Object Oriented Design (MOOD) against the property of Java-based software. Utilization of DRSA is an alternative method for interpreting the values of metrics and determine a quantitative value that represents the quality relative to other software. Experimental studies indicate that the accuracy of the DRSA depends on the number of sample applications that are used as reference in the definition set down one rule for classifying software properties. Sample applications in the experiment was taken from a proven library Java modularity, usability and maintainability of his. In general, the experimental results concluded that the DRSA can be applied to rank the relative quality of a number of applications in the sample population.
PENYUSUNAN STRONG’S CONCORDANCE UNTUK ALKITAB PERJANJIAN BARU BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Gunawan . , Purwanto Devi Dwi , Budianto Herman , Maryati Indra
Published: July 2016

Sampai saat ini belum pernah ditemukan Alkitab Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Indonesia secara online yang dilengkapi dengan Strong’s Concordance. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini melakukan penyusunan Strong’s Concordance ke dalam Alkitab Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Indonesia. Penyusunan Strong’s Concordance dilakukan dengan menggunakan pedoman teori yang ada pada Natural Language Processing (NLP) dan teori Web Mining. Penyusunan nomor strong tersebut dimulai dengan melakukan pendekatan nomor strong berdasarkan kemunculan katanya. Kemudian pada tahap selanjutnya digunakan pendekatan alignment antara kata yang ada pada Alkitab Bahasa Indonesia dengan nomor strong yang terdapat pada Alkitab Bahasa Inggris dengan menggunakan word alignment. Pendekatan ketiga menggunakan pendekatan n-gram dengan perhitungan mutual information untuk mencari arti kata yang terdiri lebih dari satu kata. Pendekatan keempat dilakukan dengan cara melakukan stemming pada corpus Alkitab Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Indonesia yang mana nantinya digunakan sebagai corpus baru untuk melakukan pencarian pada tahap satu sampai dengan tahap tiga. Dilakukan juga pendekatan lain seperti pencarian proper name, pencarian nomor strong yang hanya memiliki satu frekuensi dan pendataan nomor strong yang termasuk dalam conjuction, preposition, dan pronoun. Hasil penelitian adalah adanya Alkitab Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Indonesia yang dilengkapi dengan nomor strong, pembelajaran Alkitab menjadi lebih mudah. Until now have not found a New Bible Testamen in Bahasa online which is equipped with a Strong's Concordance. Therefore, this study prepare a Strong's Concordance to the New Bible Testament Indonesian. Preparation of Strong's Concordance is done using the existing guidelines on the theory of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and the theory of Web Mining. The preparation of these strong numbers begins with based on the word strong numbers aproach. Then on the next phase alignment approach between existing words in the Bible Bahasa with strong numbers contained in the English Bible using the word alignment. The third approach uses n-gram approach with the calculation of mutual information to find the meaning of words consisting in more than one word. The fourth approach is performed by stemming the New Bible Testament corpus Bahasa which will be used as a new corpus to perform a search in stage one up to stage three. There is also another approach such as the proper name search, the search for strong numbers that have only one frequency, and data collection that included strong numbers in conjuction, preposition, and pronoun. The result is the New Bible Testament Bahasa which comes with a number of strong more easier to learn.
PENDEFINISIAN INSTRUMEN EVALUASI WEBSITE E-COMMERCE BUSINESS TO CONSUMER (B2C)
Authors: Handayani Putu Wuri , Nurhayati Suci Lestarini
Published: July 2016

Dalam meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitif suatu organisasi, aplikasi e-commerce dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan proses supply chain suatu organisasi. Saat ini di Indonesia sudah banyak organisasi yang mulai memanfaatkan aplikasi e-commerce B2C (Business to Consumer) dalam memasarkan produknya. Implementasi konsep B2C dilakukan melalui pembuatan website e-commerce yang digunakan untuk bertransaksi secara langsung dengan konsumen. Namun, pembuatan website pribadi untuk perdagangan elektronik tersebut tidak serta merta memberikan kesuksesan bagi perusahaan yang mengimplementasikannya. Di Indonesia, belum banyak website B2C yang bermunculan. Oleh karena itu, sebuah instrumen evaluasi terhadap website e-commerce perlu didefinisikan untuk meningkatkan kinerja website e-commerce. Paper ini akan membahas mengenai proses pendefinisian instrumen evaluasi sebuah website e-commerce ditinjau dari sudut pandang pengunjung pertama, intermittent, dan frequent. Hal ini dikarenakan masing-masing pengunjung memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dan membutuhkan sebuah instrumen evaluasi yang berbeda pula. Pendefinisian instrumen evaluasi website e-commerce ini didasarkan pada beberapa teori yang sudah ada dan berbagai macam literatur lainnya. In improving the competitive advantage of an organization, e-commerce applications can be used to improve an organization's supply chain process. Currently in Indonesia there are many organizations are beginning to utilize e-commerce B2C (Business to Consumer) applications in marketing their products. Implementation is done through development of B2C e-commerce website that used to trade directly with consumers. However, development of personal websites for electronic commerce does not necessarily provide success for the company that implements it. In Indonesia, only a few B2C websites are popping up. Therefore, an evaluation instrument for e-commerce website needs to be defined to improve the performance of e-commerce website. This paper will discuss the process of defining an evaluation instrument for e-commerce website from the point of view of the first visitors, intermittent, and frequent. This is because each visitor has different characteristics and require a different evaluation instruments. Defining the evaluation instrument e-commerce website is based on several existing theories and various other literature.
Source identification of sudden contamination based on the parameter uncertainty analysis
Authors: Guozhen Wei , Zhang Chi , Li Yu , Haixing Liu , Zhou Huicheng
Published: July 2016

It is important to identify the source information after a sudden water contamination incident occurs in a water supply system. The accuracy of the simulation model's parameters determines the accuracy of the source information. However, it is difficult to obtain the true value of these parameters by existing methods, so reduction of the errors caused by the uncertainty of these parameters is a crucial problem. A source identification framework which considers the uncertainty of the model's sensitive parameters and combines Bayesian inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms simulation is established, and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is taken as the case study in this paper. Compared with a framework which does not consider the uncertainty of the model's parameters, the proposed framework could solve the error caused by the wrong choice of model parameters and obtain more accurate results. In addition, the proposed framework based on traditional MCMC and that based on the Delayed Rejection and Adaptive Metropolis (DRAM-MCMC) are compared to prove that the DRAM-MCMC is more convergent and accurate. Lastly, the proposed framework based on DRAM-MCMC is proved to solve the problem with high practicality and generality in the studied long distance water diversion project.
Evaluation of TRMM precipitation and its application to distributed hydrological model in Naqu River Basin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yan Denghua , Liu Shaohua , Qin Tianling , Weng Baisha , Li Chuanzhe , Lu Yajing , Liu Jiajia
Published: July 2016

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the roof of the world and water towers of Asia. However, research on hydrological processes is restricted by the sparse gauge network in the TP. The distributed hydrological model is an efficient tool to explore hydrological processes. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of precipitation directly affects the precision of distributed hydrological modelling. The latest TRMM 3B42 (V7) precipitation was evaluated compared with gauge precipitation at station and basin scales in the Naqu River Basin of the TP. The results show that Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation overestimated the precipitation with BIAS of 0.2; the intensity distributions of daily precipitation are consistent in the two precipitation data. TRMM precipitation was then corrected by the good linear relation between monthly areal TRMM precipitation and gauge precipitation, and applied into the Water and Energy Process model. The results indicate that the simulated streamflow using both precipitation data produce a good fit with observed streamflow, especially at monthly scale. Furthermore, the better relations between average slopes and runoff coefficients of sub-basins from the corrected TRMM precipitation-based model implies that the spatial distribution of TRMM precipitation is closer to the spatial distribution of actual precipitation, and has an advantage in driving distributed hydrological models.
Examination of some biological properties of glycoprotein subunits of PHY-LMV.42 strain of Newcastle disease virus
Authors: Milic Nenad , Nisavic Jakov , Borozan Suncica , Zoric Andrea , Lazic Sava , Petrovic Tamas , Rasic Zoran
Published: July 2016

The objective of our work was to investigate some biological characteristics
of purified glycoprotein subunits of Newcastle disease virus strain
PHY-LMV.42 isolated from pigeons for the purpose of vaccine production.
PHY-LMV.42 strain of Newcastle disease virus was multiplied by successive
passages in embryonated eggs and identified by the methods of Reverse
transcriptase PCR and Real-Time PCR along with F gene sequencing. Proving the
presence of HN and F antigene in the virus subunits samples was carried out
by hemagglutination inhibition method with referent immune sera. Biochemical
characterization of glycoprotein subunits was performed by SDS-PAGE method as
well as liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC ESI-TOF-MS/MS).
Testing for the virus subunits immunogenicity was carried out in biological
experiment on 75 laying hens Tetra-SSL and 25 chickens Isa Brown by inducing
an artificial infection with Hertz 33 strain of the virus. Low concentrations
of the virus antigens of 0.36 mg/ml along with glycoprotein fractions of 77 i
58 kDa manifested a strong hemagglutination activity of 4096 HJ/0,1ml. The
subunit vaccines of 256 and 128 HJ/0.5 ml induced a protective immune
response in all the vaccinated animals. Based on the obtained results it can
be concluded that low concentrations of purified virus subunits of PHY-LMV.42
strain can be used for preparing of effective vaccines.
Medicolegal characteristics of defense injuries in cases of homicides
Authors: Rancic Nemanja , Djurovic Gordana , Pilipovic Filip , Savic Slobodan
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. During the homicidal act, a victim usually tries to defend himself/herself, and due to these attempts he/she could sustain so-called defense injuries, mostly localized on the arms. The aim of this research was to analyze important medicolegal characteristics of defense injuries, particularly regarding their importance in forensic expertise of homicides. Methods. We analyzed autopsies of all homicidal cases with defense injuries in Belgrade during a three-year period. Results. Defensive injuries were registered in 71 victims of murder. The majority (67.61%) of victims with defense injuries were males. About 25% of victims were aged from 21 to 30 years. The majority (60) of victims were not under influence of alcohol. Homicides were mostly (90.14%) performed by mechanical weapons. The highest frequency of defense injuries was noticed in the victims with multiple homicidal injuries localized on the front side of the body. In a half (50.7%) of the cases they were present on both arms of the victim, mostly on the dorsal side of hands and forearms. Bruises were the most frequent form of defense injuries (36.61% out of 71 cases), while incisions, abrasions, gunshot injuries and stab wounds were less common. Conclusion. Determination of defense injuries and their medicolegal characteristics enables collecting of facts that are important for legal estimation of homicide, as well as for adequate sentence at the end of the court procedure.
Unprotected autogenous bone block grafts in anterior maxilla: Resorption rates and clinical outcomes
Authors: Kosanic Ivan , Andric Miroslav , Brkovic Bozidar , Kokovic Vladimir , Jurisic Milan
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. The use of autogenous bone grafts for augmentation of the resorbed alveolar ridge is still considered the gold standard in implant dentistry. The aim of this study was to analyze the resorption rate of autogenous bone block grafts from the retromolar region placed in the frontal segment of the upper jaw unprotected by barrier membranes, to assess the stability of implants placed into the grafted bone, as well as to monitor its changes during the healing period. Methods. The study included 18 patients with a total of 20 grafted sites. The residual alveolar ridge was measured before and after the augmentation and prior to implant placement. All implants were restored with provisional crowns within 48 hours after the placement. Implant stability was assessed using resonance frequency analysis. Results. The average period from ridge augmentation to reentry was 5.4 months (range 4?6 months). At reentry the healed alveolar ridge had a mean width of 6.1 ? 1.27 mm. The mean calculated width gain was 3.04 ? 1.22 mm. The overall surface resorption of block grafts was 0.68 ? 0.69 mm (18.85%). At the time of implant placement the mean value of implant stability quotient (ISQ) was 71.25 ? 5.77. The lowest ISQ values were noted after three weeks of healing, followed by a gradual increase until week 12. After 12 weeks implants showed significantly higher ISQ values compared to primary stability (p < 0.05 Wilcoxon signed ranks test). During the 3-years followup period no cases of implant loss were recorded. Conclusion. Despite a significant resorption of bone grafts, it was possible to place implants in all the cases and to use the immediate loading protocol without affecting implant survival rate.
Costs of Mandatory Periodic Audit Partner Rotation: Evidence from Audit Fees and Audit Timeliness
Authors: Sharma Divesh S. , Tanyi Paul N. , Litt Barri A.
Published: July 2016

The constricted mandatory audit partner rotation rules for U.S. public companies have fueled intense debate among the profession, regulators, and policymakers. This topic remains controversial, but neither side has provided evidence of the consequential benefits and costs of mandatory rotation. While rotation effects on audit quality have been examined, we empirically examine its effects on two audit production costs: audit fees and audit timeliness. We find significantly higher audit fees and significantly longer audit report lags in the period immediately following mandatory audit partner rotation. These effects are more pronounced for non-Big 4 auditors, larger clients, and audit offices that are not industry specialists. Moreover, the audit fee and audit timeliness effects persist in successive audit partner rotations, suggesting that client-specific knowledge gained through longer audit firm engagement does not completely mitigate loss of client-specific knowledge at the partner level. Our findings provide new empirical evidence supporting the profession's arguments that mandatory audit partner rotation is costly to multiple stakeholders, including clients, auditors, and investors.

Data Availability: All data are publicly available from sources identified in the text.
Changes in Mortality in People With IGT Before and After the Onset of Diabetes During the 23-Year Follow-up of the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study
Authors: Gong Qiuhong , Zhang Ping , Wang Jinping , An Yali , Gregg Edward W. , Li Hui , Zhang Bo , Shuai Ying , Yang Wenying , Chen Yanyan , Liu Shuqian , Engelgau Michael M. , Hu Yinghua , Bennett Peter H. , Li Guangwei
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE

People with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have increased risk of mortality and a high risk of progression to diabetes, but the extent that the excess mortality is associated with IGT per se or is the result of subsequent diabetes is unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We compared mortality before and after the development of diabetes among 542 persons with IGT initially who participated in a 6-year lifestyle diabetes prevention trial and were followed-up from 1986 to 2009.

RESULTS

During the 23-year follow-up, 174 (32.1%) died, with an overall death rate of 15.9/1,000 person-years. The majority of deaths (74.7%; 130 of 174) occurred after progression to type 2 diabetes, with age-adjusted death rates of 11.1/1,000 person-years (95% CI 8.2–12.0) before and 19.4/1,000 person-years (95% CI 11.9–23.3) after the development of type 2 diabetes. The cumulative mortality was 37.8% (95% CI 33.1–42.2%) in participants who developed type 2 diabetes during first 10 years of follow-up, 28.6% (95% CI 21.6–35.0%) in those who progressed to type 2 diabetes in 10–20 years, and 13.9% (95% CI 7.0–20.3%) in those who did not develop to type 2 diabetes within 20 years. Time-dependent multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses, with adjustment for baseline age, sex, intervention, and other potential confounding risk factors, showed that the development of type 2 diabetes was associated with a 73% higher risk of death (hazard ratio 1.73 [95% CI 1.18–2.52]).

CONCLUSIONS

As elsewhere, IGT is associated with increased risk of mortality in China, but much of this excess risk is attributable to the development of type 2 diabetes.
Teaching Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine in the US and Canada
Authors: Shurtz Suzanne , Fajt Virginia , Heyns Erla P. , Norton Hannah F. , Weingart Sandra
Published: July 2016

There is no comprehensive review of the extent to which evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) is taught in AVMA-accredited colleges of veterinary medicine in the US and Canada. We surveyed teaching faculty and librarians at these institutions to determine what EBVM skills are currently included in curricula, how they are taught, and to what extent librarians are involved in this process. Librarians appear to be an underused resource, as 59% of respondents did not use librarians/library resources in teaching EBVM. We discovered that there is no standard teaching methodology nor are there common learning activities for EBVM among our survey respondents, who represent 22 institutions. Respondents reported major barriers to inclusion such as a perceived shortage of time in an already-crowded course of study and a lack of high-quality evidence and point-of-care tools. Suggestions for overcoming these barriers include collaborating with librarians and using new EBVM online teaching resources.
Recent perspective of herbicide: Review of demand and adoption in world agriculture
Authors: Hossain MM
Published: July 2016

The demand of herbicide in agriculture is going to be increased and its use is increasingly being adopted around the world. Many developing countries like India, China, Bangladesh are facing shortages of workers for hand weeding crop fields as millions of people are moving to urban from rural areas. In these countries, herbicides are cheaper and more readily available than labor for hand weeding. It is inevitable that, herbicide use will increase in world agriculture, not only because millions of people are leaving rural areas, creating shortages of hand weeders, but also the need to increase crop yields. Hand weeding has never been a very efficient method of weed control often performed too late and not frequently enough. In many parts of the world, herbicides are being increasingly used to replace tillage in order to improve environmental conditions. In comparison with tillage, herbicide use reduces erosion, fuel use, greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient run-off and conserves water. This review article focuses on the status of using herbicides and its adoption in global agriculture.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 19-30, June 2015