bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanonickel‐Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Couplings in Water
Authors: Handa Sachin , Slack Eric D. , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: August 2015

Nickel nanoparticles, formed in situ and used in combination with micellar catalysis, catalyze Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings in water under very mild reaction conditions.
Polyphosphoester‐based paclitaxel complexes
Authors: Mitova Violeta , Hristova Tatyana , Cherkezova Rumyana , Koseva Neli , Yusa Shin‐ichi , Troev Kolio
Published: August 2015

We demonstrated a feasible approach for the preparation of a biodegradable, water soluble polyphosphoester based paclitaxel complex. Applying poly(hydroxyoxyethylene phosphate) which contains both a strong proton accepting PO group and a proton donating POH group, paclitaxel has been physically immobilized onto the polymer via H‐bonding. The water soluble complex contained 16.7 wt % paclitaxel and more than 4000 times increased drug solubility was achieved. The polymer‐drug complex formed nanosized aggregates that were characterized by dynamic light scattering. Intravenous injection of poly(hydroxyoxyethylene phosphate) in rats at a dose of 1000 mg/kg did not induce any clinical signs or body weight gain reduction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42772.
“Corporal Punishment and the Grace of God”: The Archaeology of a Nineteenth Century Girls’ Reformatory in South Australia
Authors: de Leiuen Cherrie
Published: August 2015

The site of St John's provides a unique insight into the internal dynamics and materiality of a nineteenth century Catholic girls’ reformatory and the silent lives of the young women, both inmates and nuns, who were confined there. The organisation and material culture of the site reflects the intersection of Australian colonial, Catholic and “middle‐class” ideologies. This institution's purpose was to reform through the imparting of a Catholic hegemony of “appropriate” female behaviour and sexuality; this hegemony was supported by enculturation, which included the altering, confining, decorating and ordering of the St John's space. The site and its assemblage, whilst small, demonstrate the framework for, and materiality of, the reformatory system that was underpinned by deep traditions of female confinement based in Catholic institutional models. Gender as a social process is key to reading and interpreting the materiality of the St John's Reformatory for girls. Gender frames, informs and contextualises the materiality of the site, its aims, its operation and thus its archaeological interpretation. Further, the ideological gender roles and regimes related through historical accounts provide the context for the embeddedness of gender in the material culture found.
The Coordinate Control Strategy of Torque Recovery for the Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Feng‐Qi , Hu Yu‐Hui , Xi Jun‐Qiang , Li Yao
Published: August 2015

In this paper, a coordinated torque recovery strategy is presented and a robust control technique applied to motor torque control. It is well known that the torque recovery process influences vehicle power performance and driving comfort. In the torque recovery process, it is difficult to recover to the target torque as engine torque response is limited by emissions or the control algorithm in an Engine Control Unit (ECU), which results in poor vehicle power performance. To solve this problem and taking the different torque characteristics between the engine and the motor into consideration in the dynamic coupling process, a new coordination torque recovery control strategy based on the motor torque compensation for improving the vehicle performance is proposed. The engine torque is dynamically compensated by motor torque to improve power performance. In order to achieve better performance, a new control law, which employs the integral of the tracking error and state feedback, is described for the torque control of motors. The controller was designed by a linear matrix inequality (LMI)‐based optimization to obtain an optimal gain. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the controller. Finally, the torque recovery control strategy is compared to methods that do not use motor torque compensation. The comparative test results demonstrate that the proposed torque recovery control strategy improves the power of the vehicle effectively, reduces shift shock, and ensures comfort.
Betrieb des Hochstraßenabschnitts der M4 im Westen Londons
Authors: Hendy Chris R. , Brock Chris T. , Nicholls Antony D. J. , El‐Belbol Said
Published: August 2015

Bei dem Hochstraßenabschnitt der M4 in West London handelt es sich um einen Betonbrückenbau von 1,9 Kilometer Länge, der eine Hauptverkehrsachse für die Zufahrt nach London darstellt. Um die Instandsetzung der Brückenquerträger dem Grad der Schädigung nach zu priorisieren, wurde ein Maßnahmenmodell ausgearbeitet, das die Bewertung der Tragsicherheit mit der prognostizierten Zustandsverschlechterung, der Modellierung der Korrosion und der Rissbildung verknüpft. Um die öffentliche Sicherheit bei einer fortdauernden Verkehrsbelastung sicherzustellen sowie den Verstärkungsbedarf zu ermitteln, wurden weitere Bewertungen durchgeführt; darunter eine dreidimensionale Fachwerkmodellanalyse, eine nichtlineare Finite‐Elemente‐Analyse und eine plastische Analyse.

Management of the M4 Elevated Section Substructures

The M4 Elevated Section in West London is a 1.9 km concrete viaduct structure providing a major arterial route into London. An intervention model bringing together structural assessment and forecast deterioration, corrosion modeling and cracking has been developed to prioritise structural rehabilitation of the substructure crosshead beams. To evaluate residual strength an initial assessment of crossheads was undertaken, which identified a deficiency in tensile capacity at the ends of the crosshead cantilevers compared to current demands. Further assessment has been undertaken, including three dimensional strut and tie, non‐linear finite element analysis and plastic analysis, to confirm public safety with continued trafficking of the structure, and to determine the need for strengthening.

Additionally extensive monitoring of the crossheads has been implemented including mapping of all cracks, and remote crack monitoring to safeguard the substructures and allow early interventions. The long term maintenance strategy brings together strengthening and cathodic protection concrete preservation methods with removal and repair of concrete delamination.

This paper discusses the development of the prioritisation process including deterioration modeling, together with the extended structural analysis to formulate a strengthening programme for these substructures.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) an der Scherkondetalbrücke: eine semi‐integrale Eisenbahn‐Betonbrücke
Authors: Marx Steffen , Wenner Marc
Published: August 2015

Semi‐integrale Brücken sind durch die monolithische Verbindung zwischen dem Überbau und den Pfeilern gekennzeichnet. Dadurch beteiligt sich jedes Element des Tragwerks am Abtrag der Verkehrslasten. Gleichzeitig treten durch Temperaturänderungen, Kriechen, Schwinden oder Setzungen große Zwangskräfte auf. Diese Kräfte müssen beim Entwurf der Brücke besonders berücksichtigt werden und sollten durch eine vorteilhafte Verteilung der Steifigkeiten, insbesondere in den Unterbauten, reduziert werden. Der Bau von semi‐integralen Brücken im Rahmen von langen Viadukten ist auch im internationalen Maßstab ein Novum. Um die Risiken im Zusammenhang mit diesem Bauwerkstyp, der noch nicht endgültig normativ geregelt ist, zu reduzieren und um Erfahrungen über die Berechnungsannahmen zu gewinnen, wurde vom Eisenbahnbundesamt eine umfassende Überwachung der Brücken gefordert. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden einige Ergebnisse der Langzeitmessungen an der Scherkondetalbrücke vorgestellt.

Structural Health Monitoring of the Scherkondetalbrücke: a semi integral concrete railway bridge

Semi integral bridges are characterized by the monolithic connection between the superstructure and the piers. Thereby every element of the structure participates to the transfer of forces due to traffic loads. Simultaneously, high constraining forces due to thermal variation, creep, shrinkage or settlements appears. These forces have to be accurately taken into account when designing the bridge and should be reduced through an advantageous distribution of the stiffness, especially in the substructure. The construction of semi integral bridges in the case of long viaducts is an innovation, also on international scale. In order to limit the risks associated with this non‐definitively regulated type of structure and in order to collect experience about the calculation assumptions, the authorities required an extensive monitoring of the bridges. In this paper, a few results of the long‐term measurements on the Scherkondetalbrücke will be presented.
Instandsetzung und Verbreiterung der “Nels River Bridge” auf der Road R37 in Südafrika
Authors: Miller Raimund G. , Nel Ryno , Kruger Edwin J.
Published: August 2015

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Instandsetzung, Verstärkung und Verbreiterung der “Nels River Bridge” in der Provinz Mpumalanga in Südafrika. Es werden die Komplexität der einzelnen Bemessungsschritte dargestellt und Lösungen und Konstruktionstechniken erörtert, die angewendet wurden, um das Projekt erfolgreich zum Abschluss zu bringen.

Repair and Widening of the Nels River Bridge on Road R37 in South Africa

This paper deals with the repair, strengthening, improvement and widening of the Nels River Bridge situated in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The paper outlines the design complexities and discusses the solutions and the construction techniques followed that resulted in a successful project.
Betontechnologischer Ansatz zur Erhaltung des einzigartigen denkmalgeschützten “Hermitage‐Wellenbrechers” auf Jersey
Authors: Hold Steve
Published: August 2015

Die Kanalinsel Jersey verfügt über einen bedeutenden Handelshafen, der nicht nur lebenswichtig für die tägliche Versorgung der Insel sondern auch der Hauptanreisehafen für den wichtigen Fremdenverkehr ist. Der gesamte Hafen von Saint Helier ist durch den sog. “Hermitage‐Wellenbrecher” vor Wind und Wellen aus vorwiegend südwestlicher Richtung geschützt. Mit dem Bau des Wellenbrechers aus vorgefertigten Betonteilen wurde im Jahr 1874 begonnen. Infolge der Stürme in den Monaten Februar und März 2014 sind jedoch erhebliche Schäden am Oberflächenschutzsystem der Betonfertigteile und an den Fugen des nach Südwesten ausgerichteten Wandabschnitts sichtbar geworden. Mithilfe petrografischer Untersuchungen an Betonproben wurde eine verzögerte Ettringitbildung festgestellt. Das Betoninstandsetzungskonzept wurde darauf abgestellt und die denkmalpflegerischen Aspekte berücksichtigt. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst die Herangehensweise zusammen.

Modern Techniques and Concrete Technology used to conserve a unique Heritage Breakwater

The channel island of Jersey has one major commercial port which is not only vital for the island's daily supplies but also the main port of entry for the important tourist trade. All of St Helier Harbour is protected from the south‐westerly prevailing wind and waves by the Hermitage Breakwater started in 1874.

The damage to the surface protection of the precast blocks and joints on this south‐west facing section of the wall of the pre‐1887 construction was seen to have significantly deteriorated after the Feb/March 2014 storms.

Using petrography from concrete core samples it was found that D.E.F. (Delayed Ettringite Formation) was present which meant that the blocks, once they had sustained surface damage had a residual capacity when coming in to contact with sea water as the outer concrete was worn away had the ability to ‘heal itself’.
Sr2ZnWO6:Eu3+,Bi3+,Li+: a potential white‐emitting phosphor for near‐ultraviolet white light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Ran Weiguang , Li Weina , Ren Chunyan , Jiang Haiyan , Shi Jinsheng
Published: August 2015

A series of Sr2ZnWO6 phosphors co‐doped with Eu3+, Bi3+ and Li+ were prepared using the Pechini method. The samples were tested using X‐ray diffraction and luminescence spectroscopy. The results show that the samples can be effectively excited by near‐ultraviolet (UV) and UV light. The introduction of Bi3+ and Li+ significantly enhances the fluorescence emission of Sr2ZnWO6:Eu3+ and changes the light emitted by the phosphors from bluish‐green to white. When excited at 371 nm, Sr2–x–zZn1–yWO6:xEu3+,yBi3+,zLi+ (x = 0.05, y = 0.05, z = 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) samples emit high‐performance white light. Intense red–orange emission is also observed when excited by UV light. The obtained phosphor is a potential white‐emitting phosphor that could meet the needs of excitation sources with near‐UV chips. In addition, this phosphor might have promising application as a red–orange emitting phosphor for white light‐emitting diodes based on UV light‐emitting diodes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The long‐lasting love affair between the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the Epstein‐Barr virus
Authors: Lista María José , Voisset Cécile , Contesse Marie‐Astrid , Friocourt Gaëlle , Daskalogianni Chrysoula , Bihel Frédéric , Fåhraeus Robin , Blondel Marc
Published: August 2015

The Epstein‐Barr gammaherpesvirus (EBV) is the first oncogenic virus discovered in human. Indeed, EBV has been known for more than 50 years to be tightly associated with certain human cancers. As such, EBV has been the subject of extensive studies aiming at deciphering various aspects of its biological cycle, ranging from the regulation of its genome replication and maintenance to the induction of its lytic cycle, including the mechanisms that allow its immune evasion or that are related to its tumorogenicity. For more than 30 years the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has fruitfully contributed to a number of these studies. The aim of this article is to review the various aspects of EBV biology for which yeast has been instrumental, and to propose new possible applications for these yeast‐based assays, as well as the creation of further yeast models dedicated to EBV. This review article illustrates the tremendous potential of S. cerevisiae in integrated chemobiological approaches for the biomedical research.
Effect of rescue surgery after non-curative endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer
Authors: Kim E R , Lee H , Min B -H , Lee J H , Rhee P -L , Kim J J , Kim K -M , Kim S
Published: August 2015

Background

Whether rescue surgery confers a survival benefit in patients undergoing non-curative endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer remains controversial.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of patients who underwent non-curative endoscopic resection of at least one lesion of differentiated-type early gastric cancer between 2000 and 2011. Patients with a positive lateral resection margin as the only non-curative factor were excluded. Outcome was investigated by univariable (Kaplan–Meier) and multivariable (Cox proportional hazards) analysis.

Results

Some 341 patients underwent non-curative endoscopic resection for at least one lesion of differentiated-type early gastric cancer. Sixty-seven patients with a positive lateral resection margin as the only non-curative factor were excluded, leaving 274 patients for analysis; 194 had rescue surgery and 80 had no additional treatment. The median duration of follow-up was 60·5 months. Patients who had rescue surgery were younger, had a lower Charlson co-morbidity index score, smaller tumours and a higher lymphovascular invasion rate than patients with no treatment. Among 194 patients who had rescue surgery, intragastric local residual tumours were found in ten (5·2 per cent) and lymph node metastases in 11 (5·7 per cent). Patients with lymph node metastasis were significantly older than those without metastasis; no other significant differences were found. Univariable analysis showed that patients aged less than 65 years, those with a Charlson co-morbidity index score below 4 and patients undergoing rescue surgery had significantly longer overall survival. Five-year overall survival rates in the rescue surgery and no-treatment groups were 94·3 and 85 per cent respectively. In multivariable analysis, rescue surgery was identified as the only independent predictor of overall survival after non-curative endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer.

Conclusion

Rescue surgery confers a survival benefit after non-curative endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer.
Quality control of lymph node dissection in the Dutch Gastric Cancer Trial
Authors: de Steur W O , Hartgrink H H , Dikken J L , Putter H , van de Velde C J H
Published: August 2015

Background

Current guidelines indicate that D2 resection is the standard of care for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. To assess the impact of quality assurance of lymph node removal, non-compliance and contamination in the D1 and D2 study arms of the Dutch Gastric Cancer Trial were investigated with respect to recurrence and survival.

Methods

The location and numbers of lymph nodes detected at pathological investigation in the Dutch Gastric Cancer Trial were compared according to the guidelines of the Japanese Research Society for the study of Gastric Cancer. Non-compliance was defined as inadequate removal of lymph node stations. Contamination was defined as lymph nodes removed outside the intended level of resection. The dissection groups D1 and D2 were divided into non-compliance, compliance and contamination categories. Long-term overall survival was calculated for minor (2 or fewer lymph nodes) and major (more than 2 lymph nodes) non-compliance and contamination in the D1 and D2 group, using Kaplan–Meier plots.

Results

Some 1078 patients were included, of whom 711 with potentially curative surgical resections were evaluated. Overall non-compliance was 80·5 per cent in the D1 and 81·6 per cent in the D2 group. Major non-compliance occurred in 15·3 per cent of the D1 and 26·0 per cent of the D2 group. Major contamination hardly occurred. Overall 15-year survival rates in the randomized groups were 21·2 per cent (D1) and 29·0 per cent (D2) (P = 0·351). After exclusion of patients with major non-compliance and/or major contamination, survival rates were 23·2 per cent (319 patients) and 32·6 per cent (245) respectively (P = 0·261). Where there was major non-compliance, survival rates in the D1 (58 patients) and D2 (86) groups were 10 and 17 per cent respectively (P = 0·302). Survival in the D2 compliant + contaminated group (139 patients) was significantly better than that in the D1 group without contamination (282): 35·7 versus 19·9 per cent (P = 0·041). In the D2 group, there was a significant difference in survival between contaminated (95 patients) and non-contaminated (236) groups: 39 versus 25·1 per cent (P = 0·041).

Conclusion

Non-compliance in the D2 dissection group may have obscured a significant difference in survival between the randomized groups. A D2 dissection with contamination was associated with the best survival, suggesting that extended D2 lymph node dissections improve survival.
Ex vivo normothermic perfusion for quality assessment of marginal donor kidney transplants
Authors: Hosgood S A , Barlow A D , Hunter J P , Nicholson M L
Published: August 2015

Background

A significant proportion of kidneys procured for transplantation are discarded because of concerns about their suitability. In this study ex vivo normothermic perfusion (EVNP) was used as a quality assessment device before renal transplantation.

Methods

Seventy-four human kidneys deemed unsuitable for transplantation following retrieval underwent 60 min of EVNP with an oxygenated red cell-based solution at 36°C. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify thresholds of renal blood flow and urine output. These thresholds and a grading of macroscopic appearance were incorporated into an EVNP assessment score (highest quality, 1; lowest, 5). This was applied to a series of 36 kidneys transplanted after EVNP.

Results

In the discarded kidney series, 60 (81 per cent) scored 1–4 and 14 (19 per cent) scored 5. Although none of these kidneys was transplanted, those with a score from 1 to 4 were considered suitable for transplantation. In the 36 transplanted kidneys, the score ranged between 1 and 3 (score 1, 17; score 2, 11; score 3, 8). All of these kidneys were transplanted without any complications or primary non-function. The delayed graft function rate was 6 per cent (1 of 17) in kidneys scoring 1, 0 per cent (0 of 11) in those scoring 2 and 38 per cent (3 of 8) in those scoring 3 (P = 0·024). The mean(s.d.) estimated glomerular filtration rate at 12 months was 51(16), 63(15) and 38(21) ml in kidneys scoring 1, 2 and 3 respectively (P = 0·015).

Conclusion

EVNP combined with a simple scoring system is an innovative technology for pretransplant assessment of kidney quality and acceptability for transplantation. This study suggests that a high percentage of retrieved kidneys are being discarded unnecessarily.
Patient blood management to reduce surgical risk
Authors: Clevenger B , Mallett S V , Klein A A , Richards T
Published: August 2015

Background

Preoperative anaemia and perioperative blood transfusion are both identifiable and preventable surgical risks. Patient blood management is a multimodal approach to address this issue. It focuses on three pillars of care: the detection and treatment of preoperative anaemia; the reduction of perioperative blood loss; and harnessing and optimizing the patient-specific physiological reserve of anaemia, including restrictive haemoglobin transfusion triggers. This article reviews why patient blood management is needed and strategies for its incorporation into surgical pathways.

Methods

Studies investigating the three pillars of patient blood management were identified using PubMed, focusing on recent evidence-based guidance for perioperative management.

Results

Anaemia is common in surgical practice. Both anaemia and blood transfusion are independently associated with adverse outcomes. Functional iron deficiency (iron restriction due to increased levels of hepcidin) is the most common cause of preoperative anaemia, and should be treated with intravenous iron. Intraoperative blood loss can be reduced with antifibrinolytic drugs such as tranexamic acid, and cell salvage should be used. A restrictive transfusion practice should be the standard of care after surgery.

Conclusion

The significance of preoperative anaemia appears underappreciated, and its detection should lead to routine investigation and treatment before elective surgery. The risks of unnecessary blood transfusion are increasingly being recognized. Strategic adoption of patient blood management in surgical practice is recommended, and will reduce costs and improve outcomes in surgery.
Localization-guided surgery for breast cancer
Authors: Ahmed M , Douek M
Published: August 2015

Time to move on from wire-guided technology
Syntheses and Properties of Copolymers with N‐Alkyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene‐3,3′‐dicarboximide Unit for Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Juae , Kim Shin Hyun , Kim Taehyo , Shim Joo Young , Park Dongkyung , Kim Jinwoo , Kim Il , Kim Jin Young , Suh Hongsuk
Published: August 2015

We report new random copolymers using the electron‐deficient unit N‐alkyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene‐3,3′‐dicarboximide (BTI) for organic solar cells. For absorption over a broader range of the solar spectrum, push–pull types of conjugated polymers
PBTIBDT
‐3,
PBTIBDT
‐5, and
PBTIBDT
‐7, containing 4,8‐bis(2‐octyldodecyloxy)benzo[1,2‐b;3,4‐b']dithiophene (BDT) as electron‐pushing unit and BTI as electron‐pulling unit, were synthesized. The polymers were synthesized by coupling electron‐pushing and electron‐pulling units by Stille polymerization with Pd(0) catalyst. The incorporation of more BTI units induced more red shift of the absorption spectra of the polymer thin films. The device comprising
PBTIBDT
‐5 and PC71BM (1:1) showed V
OC = 0.76 V, J
SC = 3.28 mA/cm2, and fill factor (FF) = 0.51, giving a power conversion efficiency of 1.26%.
The Influence of Biomedical Information and Childhood History on Sentencing
Authors: Kim JongHan , Boytos Abby , Seong Yoori , Park Kwangbai
Published: August 2015

A recent trend in court is for defense attorneys to introduce brain scans and other forms of biomedical information (BI) into criminal trials as mitigating evidence. The present study investigates how BI, when considered in combination with a defendant's childhood information (CI), can influence the length of a defendant's sentence. We hypothesized that certain combinations of BI and CI result in shorter sentences because they suggest that the defendant poses less of a threat to society. Participants were asked to read accounts of the trial of a murder suspect and, based on the information therein, recommend a sentence as if they were the judge. The defendant was diagnosed with psychopathy, but biomedical information regarding that diagnosis was included or excluded depending on the BI condition. The defendant was further described as growing up in either a loving or abusive family. The results showed that, if BI was present in the trial account, the defendant from an abusive family was perceived as less of a threat to society and received a shorter recommended sentence than if the defendant had been from a loving family. If BI was absent from the account, the pattern was reversed: the defendant from a loving family was perceived as less of a threat to society and received a shorter recommended sentence than if he had been from an abusive family. Implications for the use of BI and CI in court trials are discussed, as well as their relationship to free will and the function of punishment as retribution and utility. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple risk stratification model that predicts 1‐year postoperative mortality rate in patients with solid‐organ cancer
Authors: Chou Wen‐Chi , Wang Frank , Cheng Yu‐Fan , Chen Miao‐Fen , Lu Chang‐Hsien , Wang Cheng‐Hsu , Lin Yung‐Chang , Yeh Ta‐Sen
Published: August 2015

This study aimed to construct a scoring system developed exclusively from the preoperative data that predicts 1‐year postoperative mortality in patients with solid cancers. A total of 20,632 patients who had a curative resection for solid‐organ cancers between 2007 and 2012 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center were included in the derivation cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to develop a risk model that predicts 1‐year postoperative mortality. Patients were then stratified into four risk groups (low‐, intermediate‐, high‐, and very high‐risk) according to the total score (0–43) form mortality risk analysis. An independent cohort of 16,656 patients who underwent curative cancer surgeries at three other hospitals during the same study period (validation cohort) was enrolled to verify the risk model. Age, gender, cancer site, history of previous cancer, tumor stage, Charlson comorbidity index, American Society of Anesthesiologist score, admission type, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status were independently predictive of 1‐year postoperative mortality. The 1‐year postoperative mortality rates were 0.5%, 3.8%, 14.6%, and 33.8%, respectively, among the four risk groups in the derivation cohort (c‐statistic, 0.80), compared with 0.9%, 4.2%, 14.6%, and 32.6%, respectively, in the validation cohort (c‐statistic, 0.78). The risk stratification model also demonstrated good discrimination of long‐term survival outcome of the four‐tier risk groups (P < 0.01 for both cohorts). The risk stratification model not only predicts 1‐year postoperative mortality but also differentiates long‐term survival outcome between the risk groups.
Strengthening the Mother‐Child Relationship Following Domestic Abuse: Service Evaluation
Authors: Smith Emma , Belton Emma , Barnard Matt , Fisher Helen L. , Taylor Julie
Published: August 2015

Experiencing domestic abuse can have a detrimental effect on the mother‐child relationship. Domestic Abuse Recovering Together (DART) is a ten‐week programme which focuses on rebuilding the mother‐child relationship after the abuse has ended and supporting other aspects of recovery.

‘A ten‐week programme which focuses on rebuilding the mother‐child relationship after the abuse has ended’

The evaluation of DART utilises a quasi‐experimental, mixed methods design and this article focuses on the pre‐ and post‐DART standardised measures obtained on mothers and children and practitioner interviews. Analyses identified significant positive changes in measures of participants’ wellbeing following DART. Results also indicated that mothers were more affectionate to their children and children were experiencing significantly fewer difficulties. Mothers, children and professionals who made referrals to DART rated the service highly and the majority of service users felt that it had helped their recovery.

Qualitative interviews with ten DART practitioners identified barriers and facilitators which influenced outcome achievement. For example, joint mother/child sessions helped to improve their relationship, whilst contact with the perpetrator could limit the positive effects of the intervention. Such findings informed the development of a new domestic abuse service. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Messages

Before DART, many of the mothers had low self‐esteem and little confidence in their parenting abilities. Children had high levels of emotional and behavioural difficulties.

Significant improvements were found following DART: mothers' self‐esteem and confidence in parenting had increased and children had fewer emotional and behavioural difficulties. Mothers reported more affection to their children.

Qualitative interviews revealed barriers that led to some adaptations to the service.

‘Before DART, many of the mothers had low self‐esteem and little confidence in their parenting abilities’
The Effectiveness of Targeted Interventions for Children Exposed to Domestic Violence: Measuring Success in Ways that Matter to Children, Parents and Professionals
Authors: Howarth Emma , Moore Theresa H. M. , Shaw Ali R. G. , Welton Nicky J. , Feder Gene S. , Hester Marianne , MacMillan Harriet L. , Stanley Nicky
Published: August 2015

The ultimate goal of trials is to identify interventions that can benefit individuals in the future. It is crucial, therefore, that they measure outcomes that reflect the priorities and expectations of those using the interventions. We consider this issue in relation to trials of interventions for children exposed to domestic violence and abuse (DVA). To explore this, we drew on data collected as part of a larger study to consider whether the types of outcomes measured in clinical trials reflect: (1) the perceived benefit of interventions reported in qualitative evaluation studies; and (2) the views of parents, professionals and young people as to what constitutes a ‘good outcome’. We found that trials most frequently evaluated changes in children's symptoms and disorders, whereas children and parents, along with practitioners, had broader concepts of success that extended beyond narrow health‐focused outcomes. A number of studies measured other types of outcomes, although there was inconsistency in the types of outcomes that were measured.

Based on these findings, we discuss the need to reach consensus on an expanded set of outcomes to be measured in child‐focused DVA trials. This will mean that the effectiveness of interventions is judged against outcomes that are important to those who use interventions. It will also facilitate greater consistency in outcome measurement across studies, thereby enhancing the quality of evidence in this emerging field. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

‘Need to reach consensus on an expanded set of outcomes to be measured in child‐focused DVA trials’

Key Practitioner Messages

In order to adequately assess what works to reduce the impact of domestic violence on children, researchers should:

Work with stakeholders to understand which outcomes are important to them.

Seek consensus about a standardised set of outcomes to be measured and reported in all trials.

Ensure that the success of interventions is measured against these outcomes.
Discriminatory Contexts, Emotions and Civic/Political Engagement among Native Italians and Migrants
Authors: Albanesi Cinzia , Mazzoni Davide , Cicognani Elvira , Zani Bruna
Published: August 2015

We assume that emotions (anger, shame and hope) mediate the relationship between perceiving a discriminatory context and civic/political engagement. Results of a survey with 1242 participants (mean age 20.7 years; 53% men; 32.8% migrants) showed that such emotions play a different role according to the type of engagement and the population (native Italians versus migrants). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Go with the flow: How children's persuasion knowledge is associated with their state of flow and emotions during advergame play
Authors: Vanwesenbeeck Ini , Ponnet Koen , Walrave Michel
Published: August 2015

This study investigates children's persuasion knowledge towards an advergame. Based on the theory of limited capacity and the PAD dimensions of emotions (i.e. pleasure, arousal and dominance), we propose a model in which persuasion knowledge is associated with game flow, and in which game flow is subsequently related to self‐reported player emotions. To test this model, 200 respondents between 7 and 12 years old were asked to play an advergame and to complete a survey addressing self‐reported emotions, persuasion knowledge and game flow. Structural equation modelling partially confirms our model. Both managerial and ethical implications are discussed in the paper. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ZnO–Carbon‐Nanotube Composite Supported Nickel Catalysts for Selective Conversion of Cellulose into Vicinal Diols
Authors: van der Wijst Cornelis , Duan Xuezhi , Skeie Liland Ingvild , Walmsley John C. , Zhu Jun , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao , Chen De
Published: August 2015

A ZnO‐nanolayer‐coated carbon nanotube (CNT) composite (ZnO–CNT) was employed as a support to immobilise Ni catalysts. Well‐mixed oxides, formed as a result of enhanced interfaces between the two oxides on CNTs, resulted in the formation of Ni–Zn alloys in reduced catalysts. The Ni/ZnO–CNT catalyst exhibited much higher yields of vicinal diols, for example, ethylene glycol and 1,2‐propylene glycol, from the conversion of cellulose than the reference Ni/CNT catalyst. A plausible reaction network on the Ni/ZnO–CNT catalyst has been proposed. Moreover, the effects of Ni loading and catalyst reduction temperature on the catalytic performance were probed, and the relationship between the catalyst structure and the yields of vicinal diols was correlated. The Ni‐rich alloy, relative to the Zn‐rich alloy, was suggested as the dominating active phase for the selective conversion of cellulose into vicinal diols. This might shed new light on the design and optimisation of Ni‐based catalysts for the catalytic conversion of cellulose with the Ni–Zn interaction.
In Situ Growth of NiSe Nanowire Film on Nickel Foam as an Electrode for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Tang Chun , Pu Zonghua , Liu Qian , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping , Luo Yonglan , He Yuquan
Published: August 2015

We report on the facile one‐step hydrothermal preparation of a NiSe nanowire film on nickel foam (NiSe/NF) as a novel binder‐free electrode material for supercapacitors. This electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 1790 F g−1 and an areal capacitance of 5.01 F cm−2 at a current density of 5 A g−1.
Iminoboronate Formation Leads to Fast and Reversible Conjugation Chemistry of α‐Nucleophiles at Neutral pH
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Anupam , Gao Jianmin
Published: August 2015

Bioorthogonal reactions that are fast and reversible under physiological conditions are in high demand for biological applications. Herein, it is shown that an ortho boronic acid substituent makes aryl ketones rapidly conjugate with α‐nucleophiles at neutral pH. Specifically, 2‐acetylphenylboronic acid and derivatives were found to conjugate with phenylhydrazine with rate constants of 102 to 103 M−1 s−1, comparable to the fastest bioorthogonal conjugations known to date. 11B NMR analysis revealed the varied extent of iminoboronate formation of the conjugates, in which the imine nitrogen forms a dative bond with boron. The iminoboronate formation activates the imines for hydrolysis and exchange, rendering these oxime/hydrazone conjugations reversible and dynamic under physiological conditions. The fast and dynamic nature of the iminoboronate chemistry should find wide applications in biology.
Functionalization of Carbonaceous Nanodots from MnII‐Coordinating Functional Knots
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Yu , Jia Mingyan , Meng Hu , Li Hui , Guan Yafeng , Feng Liang
Published: August 2015

Transition metal (TM)‐induced functionalization has been expected to be powerful for the modification of carbonaceous nanodots (CDs) for many years. Although some attempts have been made, relevant research evolutions are at a standstill. In this work, a coordination–carbonization protocol to gain MnII‐functionalized CDs (MCDs) was innovatively employed, and the modification of CDs based on metal‐coordinating functional knots was realized. By investigating the structural and photophysical properties, coordinating conformation of functional knots was confirmed and considered to be correlated with excitation‐independent photoluminescence as well as large Stokes shift of MCDs. Moreover, potential applications of MCDs have been extended from common bioimaging and fluorescent inks to new areas, such as chemosensors for volatile organic compounds and anticorrosion fluorescent films.
ChemInform Abstract: Cage‐Like B41+ and B422+: New Chiral Members of the Borospherene Family.
Authors: Lu Hai‐Gang , et al.
Published: August 2015

Global minimum structural searches at the DFT level lead to the prediction of the two new chiral title members of the borospherene family.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine‐Rich Fluorides: New Insights into the Chemistry of Polyfluoride Anions.
Authors: Vent‐Schmidt Thomas , Brosi Felix , Metzger Jens , Schloeder Tobias , Wang Xuefeng , Andrews Lester , Mueller Carsten , Beckers Helmut , Riedel Sebastian
Published: August 2015

The Cs+[F3]‐ ion pair as well as a so far unknown higher polyfluoride anion, [F5]‐ are matrix‐isolated by reaction of laser‐ablated Cs atoms with F2 in excess neon at 4 K, and characterized by IR spectroscopy and coupled‐cluster molecular structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Sc1.91In1.39Mo15Se19, Containing Mo6 and Mo9 Clusters.
Authors: Gougeon Patrick , Gall Philippe , Salloum Diala
Published: August 2015

Single crystals of Sc1.91In1.39Mo15Se19 are obtained by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Sc2Se3, MoSe2, InSe, and Mo (sealed Mo crucible, 1773 K, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Bismuth Subiodides Bi8Pt5I3 and Bi16Pt11I6 — Layered Metals with Covalent Platinum Networks.
Authors: Rasche Bertold , Schnelle Walter , Ruck Michael
Published: August 2015

Platelets of Bi8Pt5I3 (I) and Bi16Pt11I6 (II) are crystallized from melts of Bi, Pt, and BiI3 in the molar ratio of 8:5:3 followed by annealing (silica tube, 750 °C (I) or 630 °C (II); cooling to 600 °C (I) or 550 °C (II) with a rate of 1 K/min, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Two Modifications of Tin(II) Bromide.
Authors: Eckold Pierre , Huegel Werner , Dinnebier Robert E. , Niewa Rainer
Published: August 2015

The crystal structure of two modifications of the title compound are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Type‐I Clathrates of K7.69(2)Cu2.94(6)Ge43.06(6) and Rb8Ag2.79(4)Ge43.21(4).
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xu Xuguang , Li Wei , Mu Gang , Huang Fu‐Qiang , Xie Xiao‐Ming
Published: August 2015

The title compounds are synthesized from mixtures of the elements in a molar ratio of K/Rb:Cu/Ag:Ge = 8:2.7:43.3 (Ta tubes, 700 °C, 7 d) and characterized by powder XRD, magnetization and heat capacity measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Sr2P7X (X: Cl, Br, and I): Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures of Double Zintl Salts Containing Heptaphosphanortricyclane, P73‐.
Authors: Dolyniuk Juli‐Anna , Tran Nhon , Lee Kathleen , Kovnir Kirill
Published: August 2015

Sr2P7I is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of the elements (evacuated silica tube, 973 K, 140 h) and Sr2P7Cl and Sr2P7Br are obtained from the reaction of Sr, red P, and SrBr (or SrCl) in the molar ratio of 3:14:1 under similar annealing conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐(1‐Arylsulfonylalkyl)‐7‐azaindoles as Precursors of Vinylogous Imine Intermediates for Hetero‐Michael Addition Reactions.
Authors: Jin Lunqiang , Jing Linhai , Luo Gan , Wang Rongming , Yin Mingxing , Wu Chaoling , Qin Dabin
Published: August 2015

Base‐mediated Michael addition of hetero‐nucleophiles to vinylogous imines provides α‐substituted alkylazaindoles efficiently.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Cleavage of Aryl Alkyl Ethers to Arenes in Absence of External Reductant.
Authors: Tobisu Mamoru , Morioka Toshifumi , Ohtsuki Akimichi , Chatani Naoto
Published: August 2015

A novel procedure for the nickel‐catalyzed deoxygenation of aryl ethers in the absence of an external reductant is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Dimensional Inorganic Electride‐Promoted Electron Transfer Efficiency in Transfer Hydrogenation of Alkynes and Alkenes.
Authors: Kim Ye Ji , Kim Sun Min , Cho Eun Jin , Hosono Hideo , Yang Jung Woon , Kim Sung Wng
Published: August 2015

The two dimensional electride, dicalcium nitride, is successfully used as electron transfer agent in the simple and highly efficient hydrogenation of alkynes and alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Thiolation of Carbazole Derivatives and Related N‐Heterocycle Compounds.
Authors: Zhu Longzhi , Cao Xin , Qiu Renhua , Iwasaki Takanori , Reddy Vutukuri Prakash , Xu Xinhua , Yin Shuang‐Feng , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: August 2015

The present reaction proceeds site‐selectively using less expensive Cu(OAc)2 without the need for any expensive noble metal catalyst nor additives to give the corresponding sulfenylated products in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Direct Amination of Arenes with Alkylamines.
Authors: Yan Qiangqiang , Chen Zhengkai , Yu Wenlong , Yin Hong , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong
Published: August 2015

Efficient Ni‐catalyzed direct amination of unactivated arenes with simple alkylamines is achieved with assistance of a bidentate directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalizations Directed by Distal Weakly Coordinating Functional Groups.
Authors: Li Gang , Wan Li , Zhang Guofu , Leow Dasheng , Spangler Jillian , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: August 2015

The direct ortho‐C(sp2)‐H olefination or acetoxylation of phenylacetyl Weinreb amides, esters, and ketones as well as structurally closely related substrates is developed without the need for a directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed α‐Methylenation of Ketones with N,N‐Dimethylacetamide: An Approach for α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Li Yi‐Ming , Lou Shao‐Jie , Zhou Qin‐Hua , Zhu Lian‐Wen , Zhu Long‐Feng , Li Lei
Published: August 2015

The title process features a broad substrate scope and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic, Oxidant‐Free, Direct Olefination of Alcohols Using Wittig Reagents.
Authors: Khaskin E. , Milstein D.
Published: August 2015

A new catalytic, acceptorless coupling of alcohols with phosphonium ylides to form olefins as major products, is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Olefination of C(sp3)—H Bonds with Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents.
Authors: Gu Haidong , Wang Congyang
Published: August 2015

A combination of Re2(CO)10 as the catalyst with an alanine‐derived hypervalent iodine reagent allows the efficient coupling of cyclic and non‐cyclic ethers, toluene derivatives, and cycloalkanes with styrenes and 1,1‐diarylethanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidative Amidation Between Methylarenes and Amines in Water.
Authors: Wang Tao , Yuan Lin , Zhao Zhenguang , Shao Ailong , Gao Meng , Huang Yangfei , Xiong Fei , Zhang Huali , Zhao Junfeng
Published: August 2015

An environmentally friendly direct oxidation amidation of methylarenes employing cheap raw materials is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Direct Difluoromethylation of Aldehydes and Ketones with TMSCF2H.
Authors: Du Guang‐Fen , Wang Ying , Gu Cheng‐Zhi , Dai Bin , He Lin
Published: August 2015

A novel protocol for the difluoromethylation of aldehydes and ketones under mild reaction conditions is introduced.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐ or Silver‐Catalyzed Oxidative Fluorination of Cyclopropanols for the Synthesis of β‐Fluoroketones.
Authors: Ren Shichao , Feng Chao , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: August 2015

1‐Substituted, 1,2‐disubstituted and 1,2,2‐trisubstituted cyclopropan‐1‐ols are efficiently transformed into β‐fluoroketones with the fluorine atom being selectively introduced onto the more substituted carbon atom.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Catalytic Oxidation of 1,2‐Diols to α‐Hydroxy Acids Controlled by TEMPO—ClO2 Charge‐Transfer Complex.
Authors: Furukawa Keisuke , Shibuya Masatoshi , Yamamoto Yoshihiko
Published: August 2015

A broad range of diversely substituted 1,2‐diols, including optically active ones, are efficiently oxidized to the corresponding α‐hydroxy acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Breaking and Making of Olefins Simultaneously Using Ozonolysis: Application to the Synthesis of Useful Building Blocks and Macrocyclic Core of Solomonamides.
Authors: Kashinath K. , Dhara Santu , Reddy D. Srinivasa
Published: August 2015

The method provides access to a range of interesting molecules including O‐vinyl ethers which are difficult to prepare under mild conditions [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Nazarov‐Type Cyclization.
Authors: Kitamura Kei , Shimada Naoyuki , Stewart Craig , Atesin Abdurrahman C. , Atesin Tuelay A. , Tius Marcus A.
Published: August 2015

The catalytic asymmetric Nazarov cyclization of diketoesters (I) and (III) under neutral reaction conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of 1,3‐Diynes to α,β‐Unsaturated Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Sanz‐Marco Amparo , Blay Gonzalo , Munoz M. Carmen , Pedro Jose R.
Published: August 2015

The conjugate diynylation of α,β‐saturated trifluoromethyl ketones is carried out at low catalytic loading (2.5 mol% for aryl substituents) of a copper(I)—MeO‐BIPHEP complex, triethylamine and a terminal 1,3‐diyne.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Role of Acetanilides: Traceless Removal of a Directing Group Through Deacetylation/Diazotation and Palladium‐Catalyzed C—C‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Elizarov Nelli , Schilde Uwe , Kelling Alexandra
Published: August 2015

The acetamide group allows for regioselective oxidative o‐C‐H activation reactions like Pd‐catalyzed acylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Arylation of Dicyanobenzenes.
Authors: Ihanainen Netta E. , Kumpulainen Esa T. T. , Koskinen Ari M. P.
Published: August 2015

A direct palladium‐catalyzed C—H arylation to synthesize biaryls from dicyanobenzenes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of para‐Aryl‐Substituted Salicyldialdehydes.
Authors: Reinhard Dennis , Schoettner Ludger , Brosius Victor , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael
Published: August 2015

The title compounds are prepared either by a Suzuki—Miyaura protocol or by a Duff diformylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diiodinated Biphenyls and Iodinated meta‐Terphenyls by Regioselective Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 5‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triiodobenzenes.
Authors: Al‐Zoubi Raed M. , Al‐Jammal Walid K. , El‐Khateeb Mohammad Y. , McDonald Robert
Published: August 2015

A variety of 2,3‐diiodinated biphenyls and iodinated meta‐terphenyls are synthesized by a regioselective Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of 1,2,3‐triiodobenzenes.