bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The British-Irish Border in the Context of Brexit
Authors: Balawajder Grzegorz
Published: December 2020

The subject of the paper is reflections on the consequences of Brexit for the functioning of the border between Ireland and Northern Ireland. The author explains what this border means when the United Kingdom is no longer a member of the European Union, and thus the border may be a barrier to the free movement of people, goods, capital and services. At the same time, it is stressed that the exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union will have a significant impact on the change of the function of this border, which from then on is no longer an internal border of the Union.

The aim of the paper is therefore to analyse the consequences of this change, with a simultaneous indication of different models of the UK’s functioning with relation to the European Union and their impact on the British-Irish relations, especially with regard to the various dimensions of the border as a barrier.

The article presents various scenarios of solutions that will determine their mutual relations as a result of negotiations between the European Union and Great Britain, especially with regard to access to the single European market, which in turn will be influenced by the border between Ireland and Northern Ireland in the scope of the free movement of people, goods, capital and services. The author used the system analysis method and the comparative method.

The author puts forward the thesis that if the negotiations cause a fairly strong loosening of relations between the UK and the European Union, to mitigate the consequences of such a situation for the Irish-British relations, it will be necessary to find and develop bilateral solutions that will facilitate border crossing. The Smart Border 2.0 concept can constitute such a solution.
“Active Measures” of the USSR Against the USA: Old Soviet Games in the New Geopolitical Reality
Authors: Dubov Dmytro , Barovska Anastasiia , Koretska Iryna
Published: December 2020

The growth and dissemination of Russia’s propaganda have become a serious threat in recent years. But these efforts of Russia are not new, they have a basis in the past – known as “active measures.” Therefore, the problem of detecting and counteracting these “active measures,” first and foremost, is that there is no commonly accepted definition of the term. Therefore, the authors addressed the specific problem of the definition of “active measures.” The authors found that all “active measures” were subordinated to a single political strategic idea, and this idea was carried out by various methods. The authors are convinced that any classification of current “active measures” should be based on the methods detected. In order to identify these methods, the scheme of “active measures,” suggested by S. K. Whittle, is used. At the same time, his scheme has been supplemented, and the relevant cases for the application of different methods of “active measures” are given. An attempt is made to compare the methods of applying “active measures” with current aspects of the hybrid war of the Russian Federation, in particular in Ukraine.
The Role of the Polish Military Contingent in the Reconstruction of Ghazni Province
Authors: Sabawoon Mirza
Published: December 2020

The article outlines the activity of the Polish army as part of NATO operations in Afghanistan. The analysis concerns humanitarian aid in particular, and identifies the most important activities of the PRT (Provincial Reconstruction Team) carried out in the field of reconstruction and security in the city of Ghazni from 2001. The PMC (Polish Military Contingent) worked for the stability of the city, starting in mid-2008. The author concludes that the objectives pursued by the PMC related to the reconstruction of the city of Ghazni increased the level of security of the local community and the overall stability in the region. The methods used in the article (comparative, research, systemic and genetic explanation method) make it possible to examine and present the processes and changes taking place.
Środowisko prawne funkcjonowania samorządu terytorialnego (czy tylko decentralizacja?)
Authors: Szewczyk Marek
Published: December 2020

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest próba ukazania środowiska prawnego, w którym może funkcjonować samorząd terytorialny. Autor stara się wykazać, że środowiskiem takim może być środowisko charakterystyczne dla decentralizacji administracji publicznej rozumianej jako samodzielność w zakresie stosowania prawa, bez jednoczesnej samodzielności w zakresie stanowienia prawa rangą równego ustawie zwykłej. Jednakże – w ocenie autora – równie dobrze samorząd terytorialny może funkcjonować w warunkach autonomii, obejmującej samodzielność nie tylko w zakresie stosowania prawa, lecz także samodzielność w zakresie stanowienia aktów rangą równych ustawie zwykłej, jak działo się to w województwie śląskim w czasach II Rzeczpospolitej, a współcześnie w Republice Włoskiej oraz w Królestwie Hiszpanii. Wreszcie samorząd może funkcjonować także w warunkach quasi-autonomii. Tę z kolei autor charakteryzuje w ten sposób, że poszczególne jednostki samorządu terytorialnego zostały wyposażone bezpośrednio przez ustawodawcę konstytucyjnego w prawo do artykułowania własnych zadań – w granicach określonych w przepisami Konstytucji RP oraz do określania swych struktur wewnętrznych, bez konieczności powoływania – jako podstawy prawnej – upoważnień zawartych w ustawach zwykłych oraz bez konstytucyjnych gwarancji nieingerencji w te dwie sfery przez ustawodawcę zwykłego.
Sprostowanie orzeczenia w polskim, słowackim i czeskim postępowaniu	sądowoadministracyjnym
Authors: Ziółkowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2020

Orzeczenia (wyroki i postanowienia) wydawane w postępowaniu sądowoadministracyjnym mogą być dotknięte wadami nieistotnymi, niewpływającymi na ich byt prawnych, ale wymagającymi ich usunięcia. Wystąpienie w orzeczeniu niedokładności, błędów pisarskich albo rachunkowych lub innych oczywistych omyłek otwiera drogę do zastosowania (z urzędu lub na wniosek) środka rektyfikacyjnego w postaci sprostowania. Ta instytucja procesowa występuje zarówno w polskim postępowaniu sądowoadministracyjnym (art.156§ 1 p.p.s.a.), słowackim (§ 143 zd.1 s.s.p.), jak i czeskim (§ 54 ust. 4 zd.1 s.ř.s.). Pomimo różnic, odnoszących się przede wszystkim do skutków jej zastosowania, w każdej z omawianych procedur stanowi wyjątek od autoprekluzji i służy eliminacji wadliwości niemerytorycznej orzeczenia, co leży zarówno w interesie wymiaru sprawiedliwości, jak i strony postępowania.
Ciągłość prawna wskaźników referencyjnych stopy procentowej
Authors: Kruszka Michał
Published: December 2020

Rozwój rynków finansowych w ciągu ostatnich kilkudziesięciu lat wskazał na bardzo ważną rolę finansowych wskaźników referencyjnych, które są wykorzystywane jako bazowa wycena instrumentów finansowych lub do określenia płatności odsetkowych. Po światowym kryzysie finansowym pojawiły się jednak zarzuty, że wskaźniki referencyjne stóp procentowych podlegały manipulacjom. Zaobserwowano również znaczny spadek wartości i znaczenia niezabezpieczonych transakcji międzybankowych. Oba czynniki obniżyły wiarygodność stosowanych dotychczas wskaźników referencyjnych stóp procentowych. Ze względu na odpowiedzialność za stabilność finansową, Parlament Europejski i Rada Unii Europejskiej przyjęły w 2016 r. rozporządzenie w sprawie wskaźników referencyjnych (BMR). Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest weryfikacja hipotezy przeprowadzenia istotnej zmiany, której wystąpienie może zagrażać prawnej ciągłości wskaźników referencyjnych stóp procentowych. Głównym przedmiotem analizy były modyfikacje metody opracowywania EURIBOR i LIBOR. Wyniki analizy wykazały, że nowa metoda kaskadowa, która wykorzystuje odpowiednio wyspecyfikowane dane o transakcjach międzybankowych, informacje opisujące dane pochodzące z transakcji na rynkach powiązanych oraz weryfikowalną ocenę ekspercką, stanowi wyłącznie ewolucję metody opartej na kwotowaniach. Oznacza to, że administratorzy nie zmienili rynku, którego pomiar jest celem wskaźników referencyjnych stóp procentowych i nie ma podstaw do diagnozowania ryzyka dla prawnej ciągłości EURIBOR i LIBOR.
Jeszcze raz w sprawie metropolii
Authors: Dolnicki Bogdan
Published: December 2020

O metropoliach pisano już wiele. Niestety do dziś nierozwiązany pozostał problem ustroju obszarów metropolitalnych. Pojawiają się zatem kolejne projekty zawierające propozycje rozwiązania tego problemu. Stale rosnące potrzeby mieszkańców oraz dążenie do podnoszenia jakości życia wywierają znaczący wpływ na sposoby zarządzania przestrzenią miejską. W polityce spójności na plan pierwszy wysuwa się spójność terytorialna, rozumiana jako możliwość współdziałania regionów i układów lokalnych. Przedmiotem oddziaływania staje się w takim ujęciu terytorium. Terytorium rozumiane jako dynamiczny, zmieniający się w czasie i przestrzeni układ różnorodnych powiązań, wykraczający poza istniejące podziały administracyjne.
Водородная энергетика – новая ниша российско-германской кооперации
Authors: Belov Vladislav
Published: December 2020

На фоне растущих угроз введения санкций со стороны США и ЕС против проекта «Северный поток – 2» Российско-Германская внешнеторговая палата в Москве 17 сентября 2020 года провела учредительное заседание инициативной группы по водороду. Россия и Германия в начале июня 2020 года, а ЕС в начале июля, презентовали свои стратегии развития водородной энергетики – сферы, которая будет определять будущее мирового энергетического рынка. У РФ и ФРГ хорошие перспективы стать его основными игроками, в первую очередь, в Европе. В записке анализируются перспективы возможного сотрудничества в этой сфере.
Пограничный корректирующий углеродный механизм ЕС: статус, риски и возможный ответ
Authors: Bazhan Anatoliy , Roginko Sergey
Published: December 2020

Предмет анализа – инициатива ЕС по введению т.н. Пограничного корректирующего углеродного механизма, разработанного в рамках принятого в 2019 году «Европейского Зеленого курса». Авторами подробно разбирается генезис европейских инициатив в области пограничного углеродного налога, проводится параллель между Пограничным корректирующим углеродным механизмом и ранними инициативами ЕС по углеродному налогообложению рейсов зарубежных авиакомпаний, выполняемых в аэропорты стран ЕС. Дается описание тактики Евросоюза по разработке деталей предлагаемого механизма и продвижения его на международной арене. Особое внимание уделяется оценке рисков российских экспортных отраслей в случае введения Пограничного корректирующего углеродного механизма и возможным ответным мерам с российской стороны.
Modeling soil erosion susceptibility and LULC dynamics for land degradation management using geoinformation technology in Debre Tabor district, Northwestern highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Ejegu Mulualem Asfaw , Yegizaw Endalkachew Sisay
Published: December 2020

Land degradation manifested in landscape change is triggered by soil erosion and it is a thoughtful environmental threat. Nationally, soil loss costs 23% of the national annual GDP. Thus, identifying and prioritizing land degraded areas for conservation in regional planning and resource conservation is the priority of land degradation management. Therefore, identification of erosion hazard area and land use and/or land cover (LULC) dynamics are the overall objectives of the study. GIS and Remote Sensing technology was used to identify erosion hazard areas. K-factor, R-factor, LS factor, P-factor, and C-factor, parameters were derived from mean rainfall, Digital Elevation Model, soil map, LULC map, and ground truth points of all the parameters used to identify erosion hazard areas. At the last, the aggregate effect of those parameters had been analyzed and erosion hazard areas were identified. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSEL) was employed to estimate the annual soil loss of the area. The analysis result unveils that within 20 years interval cultivated land, urban land, and bare land show that a dramatically increasing and forest land shows that decreasing rate. The district has undergone significant changes. Portions of the study area that has the highest slope gradient, the highest amount of rainfall, and consist of Nitosols on agricultural land are the most erosion hazard areas. Statistically, nearly 49%, 19.78%, 9.58%, and 5.45% of the study area coverage lower than moderate, high, very high, and severe soil erosion class correspondingly. Annually losses on average of 41.07 t ha-1yr-1 soil loss because the area is intensively cultivated and experiences relatively high rainfall, and steep slope. The share of the study area, southern part, and northeastern portion of Debre Tabor district are exposed to high erosion hazard class compared to other parts.
The effectiveness of cover crops on soil loss control in Gede catchment of Malang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Muddarisna Nurul , Yuniwati Eny Dyah , Masruroh Heni , Oktaviansyah Aulia Rahman
Published: December 2020

Cover crop is an important factor which affects soil loss. The lost of soil potential is affected by plant morphology. The aim of this study was to elaborate on the effectiveness of the type of cover crops to soil loss in the same morphology and characteristic of soil. The study was carried out by applying erosion plots. Soil loss measurements were conducted four times in each demonstration plot. Soil loss for each plot was analyzed in the laboratory. The result showed that the most erodible soil with the highest amount of soil loss was in the pre onion plot and the most effectiveness for soil loss control was carrot plot. The amounts of soil loss for carrot, cabbage, and pre-onion were 0.040991 kg/8 x 10-4ha, 0.069901 kg/8 x 10-4ha, and 0.077800 kg/8 x 10-4ha, respectively. The highest runoff of 60.554 L/8 x 10-4ha, was observed at the pre onion plot. Based on the result, the most effective cover crop for soil control was the carrot. The important parts of cover crops which influenced soil loss were the shape of shade leaves and type of roots.
Effect of Surface Modification on Mechanical Properties of Buri Palm (Corypha Utan) Fibre Composite Reinforcement
Authors: Zalinawati M. , Siregar J.P. , Tezara C. , Jaafar J. , Hamdan M.H.M. , Oumer A.N. , Rihayat T.
Published: December 2020

Natural fibre materials are replacing synthetic fibre materials since they are considered as a low-cost, lightweight, and biodegradability engineering materials with a good specific strength. However, the effects of some process and geometrical parameters (such as fibre type, size, and concentration, and chemical modification) on the strength of the final natural composite product are not well documented. The purpose of the research is to analyse the physical and mechanical properties of single-strand buri palm fibre under different conditions and surface modification. The buri palm fibre was treated using 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with a duration of 1 and 24 h immersion throughout the whole process. For a single-strand test, the samples were carefully extracted from the corresponding woven fibre by hand. While the woven buri palm fibre composite was fabricated by employing 4 and 5-layering sequences in the hand lay-up technique followed by the compression method. The buri palm fibre showed that a higher concentration of NaOH solution and immersion period led to a lower density. The effectiveness of the alkali treatment in the removal of cellulose and hemicellulose from the fibre strands was verified by chemical composition in FTIR investigation. The highest tensile strength of 159.16 MPa was indicated from the result of single-strand treated with 5 wt.% NaOH for 24 h immersion. This treatment was found as the most appropriate treatment and is employed to fabricate both 4-layer and 5-layer stacking sequence composite. The 5-layer treated composite gives the highest tensile strength and flexural strength of 33.51 MPa and 56.72 MPa, respectively. In conclusion, the mechanical properties increased with the addition of each sequence layering treated fibres in the composite. The obtained results indicate that the utilisation of buri palm fibre as a reinforcement in the epoxy composite can be used in the lightweight and moderate load applications, such as the interior parts in the automotive industry.
Applications on operations on weakly compact generalized topological spaces
Authors: Roy B. , Noiri T.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we have introduced the notion of operations on a generalized topological space $(X,\mu)$ to investigate the notion of $\gamma_{_\mu}$-compact subsets of a generalized topological space and to study some of its properties. It is also shown that, under some conditions, $\gamma_{_\mu}$-compactness of a space is equivalent to some other weak forms of compactness. Characterizations of such sets are given. We have then introduced the concept of $\gamma_{_\mu}$-$T_{_2}$ spaces to study some properties of $\gamma_{_\mu}$-compact spaces. This operation enables us to unify different results due to S. Kasahara.
Solvothermal/Hydrothermal Manufacturing of Carbon Nanotubes for Hydrogen storage: A Comparative Study
Authors: Namitha R. , Kannan Karthik , Radhika Devi , Krishnamurthy G.
Published: December 2020

Investigation on the manufacturing of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by solvothermal and hydrothermal procedure and the electrochemical behavior of these nanostructured electrode materials for hydrogen storage has been presented. The physical and morphological properties of prepared carbon nanotubes were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning, and Transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of MWCNTs were revealed by galvanostatic charge-discharge and measurement of cyclic voltammetry and the results revealed that both MWNTs exhibited higher electrochemical capacitance and stable cycling performance. Interestingly, MWNTs synthesized from hydrothermal procedure shows an extreme discharge capacity of 423 mAh/g, concerning hydrogen storage of ∼ 1.5 wt%, and MWNTs synthesized from solvothermal procedure shows a capacity of discharge 394.8 mAh/g. corresponds to ∼ 1.4 wt%, was attained reproducibly at 25 °C for about 100 mg of MWCNTs. This outcome infers that the MWNTs are extremely assuring electrochemical hydrogen storage materials for PEM fuel cells and rechargeable batteries.
Analysis and research of methods of linearization of the transfer function of precision semiconductor temperature sensors
Authors: Boyko O. V. , Hotra Z. Y.
Published: December 2020

The analysis of the nonlinearity of the transfer function of primary temperature transducers based on transistor structures has been performed. It’s shown that the quadratic component of the transfer function creates a significant nonlinearity error up to 0,2-0,6°C. We have developed methods of linearization based on both the formation of compensatory measuring current and change of the conversion factor of the output scaling amplifier at certain ranges of temperature measurement, which ensure their use in precision temperature measuring devices. The measurement error does not exceed 0.01°C in the range of 30-100°C.
Development and Application of Thin Wide-Band Screening Composite Materials
Authors: Senyk I.V. , Kuryptya Y.A. , Barsukov V.Z. , Butenko O.O. , Khomenko V.G.
Published: December 2020

The paper is dedicated to the development of effective composite coatings with the use of carbon fillers of different morphology, their research, and application in the broadband frequency range. Electromagnetic loss studies were performed according to international standards ASTM D4935, IEEE-STD-299, and the US Department of Defence standard MIL-STD 461F. The impact of hybrid carbon nanomaterial "graphene/nanotubes" on the electrophysical properties of the composite material has been analyzed. As a result, the research laboratory technologies of production of composite coating on water and non-water (alcohol) basis are developed based on the carbon fillers of various morphology and also magnetite. The shielding properties of most of the created composites are estimated in the frequency range from 50 MHz to 30 GHz. The state enterprise “All-Ukrainian center for standardization, metrology, certification, and consumers’ rights protection” (here and after “Ukrmetrteststandart”) conducted comparative tests of the developed coating (in the form of paint) with a protective coating # 842 MG Chemicals (Burlington, Ontario, Canada) based on silver microparticles. Developed water-based composites can be used for interior decoration, in the formation of electromagnetic screens, thin gradient coatings to protect people from electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range.
The Interrelation between Islamic Law and Regional Regulations in Jember (Examining the Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘at-based Reasoning in Istinbāṭ al-Ahkām)
Authors: Muhaimin Muhaimin
Published: December 2020

This study reviews the dichotomous concept of secular and shari’a laws. Such concept has led to new discourses: first, shari’a can influence national (modern) law without mentioning the Islamic framework in the formulation process. Second, the shari’a can stand on its own for particular religious groups who believe in its truth and place it in a higher position than the secular law. Third, the substance of shari’a and modern laws is integrable. This study uses an anthropological-sociological approach with Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘at framework. As a result, the study shows both national and regional legal products, on the one hand, are considered as the shari’a law as long as they are beneficial to and protect all people. On the other hand, the shari’a, which substantially reflects equality and fairness, can be claimed as modern law.     AbstrakStudi ini mengkaji konsep dikotomis hukum sekuler dan shari’a. Konsep tersebut melahirkan wacana-wacana baru: pertama, shari’a dapat mempengaruhi hukum nasional (modern) tanpa menyebutkan kerangka Islam dalam proses perumusannya. Kedua, shari’a dapat berdiri sendiri bagi kelompok agama tertentu yang meyakini kebenarannya dan menempatkannya pada posisi yang lebih tinggi dari hukum sekuler. Ketiga, substansi shari’a dan hukum modern terintegrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan antropologis-sosiologis dengan kerangka Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘at. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa produk hukum nasional dan daerah di satu sisi dianggap sebagai hukum shari’a selama bermanfaat dan melindungi semua orang. Di sisi lain, shari’a yang secara substansial mencerminkan kesetaraan dan keadilan dapat diklaim sebagai hukum modern.
DETERMINATION OF MINING ZONING ANDESITE, SIRTU AND TRAS MATERIALS IN PURBALINGGA DISTRICT CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Ariyanto Ariyanto , Haryono Ahmad Fauzan , Adinugroho Dimas Chaidir
Published: December 2020

Purbalingga Regency has quite a large amount of Andesite, Sirtu and Tras Digging Materials. So a research was carried out in Purbalingga Regency to assist the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) in Determining the Mining Permit Zoning. This research was conducted only in 5 districts, namely Karangrejo District, Bojongsari District, Bobotsari District, Mrebet District and Kutasari District.The potential of Andesite Excavation Material with 2,159,081,136BCM resources spread across Karangrejo District, Bojongsari District, Bobotsari District, Mrebet District, and Kutasari District. Sirtu with 14,859,100BCM resources scattered in Karangrejo District, Bobotsari District, Bojongsari District and Mrebet District. Meanwhile, Tras with 15,510,500BCM resources which are only scattered in Karangrejo District.The determination to get the permit is closely related to the 11 parameters that have been shown in map form. Each of these parameters has a rating, weight, and value and a ming process is carried out in order to determine whether the area is suitable for permits, eligible for conditional permits, and not worthy of permits. Scores 10-19.5 are directed to be granted permission, scores 20-29.5 are directed to be eligible for conditional permission, while  ≥ 30 are directed to be not granted permission.The potential that is directed to be eligible for a permit is andesite 1,038,841,000BCM, Sirtu 6,861,400BCM and tras 9,280,500BCM, the potential that is directed to be eligible for conditional permits is andesite 67,520,000, sirtu 4,675,000BCM and tras 1,180,000BCM, while the potential that is directed is not feasible The permits are andesite 1,052,720.0BCM, sirtu 3,226,700BCM and tras 5,050,000BCM.
Estimating Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Risk of 10-year with the Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation Method and Statin Use Recommendation
Authors: Nurmainah Nurmainah - , Yanti Syarifah
Published: December 2020

Stroke and heart disease belong to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), which is one of the death causes in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the risk of atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease in the next 10 years using the Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORE) method. This research was an observational study with descriptive cross-sectional study design. Respondent data collection was taken prospectively which means directs data was collected through interviews, blood pressure measurement, and peripheral blood sampling. The results showed that respondents who were involved in this study were those with an average age of 49.70 ± 7.1 years. Respondents were more dominated by women (76.1%); BMI of respondents showed in the non-obese group 27.14 ± 4.6 kg/m2; total cholesterol, LDL, TG, and HDL levels respectively had an average of 152.17 ± 39.5 mg/dL; 91.28 ± 40.9 mg/dL; 117.24 ± 96.9 mg/dL; and 30.87 ± 8.8. The number of respondents who smoke was 17.39% and that of those who have undergone physical activity in the form of sports was 60.87%. Based on the results of risk estimation using the SCORE method, it was found that the number of people who were in the low-risk category was 54.35% and the moderate risk category was 45.65%. This study concludes that the risk of ASCVD for the next 10 years in the community is at low and moderate levels. Non-pharmacological treatment is more recommended at this level and statins can be given to individuals if there is no improvement in cholesterol levels.
Effect of COVID-19 on the Treatment of Infections by Community Pharmacists in Nigeria
Authors: Orok Edidiong , David Success , Ibegwam Chiemezie
Published: December 2020

been one of the most affected since the pandemic has limited their access to healthcare everywhere in the world including Nigeria. Reduced access to healthcare services in hospitals has caused an increase in the number of patient visits to the community pharmacies.  This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the treatment of infections by community pharmacists. This study was a prospective cross-sectional study that was carried out among community pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Ibadan, Oyo state and Uyo, Akwa Ibom state due to the recent rise in COVID-19 cases from July until August 2020. Data was collected through a pre-tested online questionnaire which was sent to the pharmacists upon provision of consent after the purpose of the study was explained.  A total of one hundred and twenty two pharmacists consented to participate in this study out of which 65 (53.3%) were female. Malaria (81, 66.4%), respiratory tract infections (40, 32.8%) and sexually transmitted infections (1, 0.8%) were identified as infections with the highest frequency by the community pharmacists, while more than 96% (118) pharmacists reported that COVID-19 has affected the way they manage or treat other infections seen in their pharmacy. This study shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way community pharmacists treat other infections in the community pharmacy setting. More studies are needed to explore the specific nature of this effect on specific infections.
Pemanfaatan Vlog dalam Penyampaian Informasi Publik Pemerintah Kota Semarang
Authors: Lestari Martha Tri , Sasmita Lisa Aji
Published: December 2020

Ada beragam media yang seringkali digunakan pemerintah sebagai media penyampai informasi dari pemerintah ke publik. Pemerintah Kota Semarang yang menggunakan vlog sebagai media publikasinya. Berbeda dengan pemerintah-pemerintah lainnya yang masih menggunakan media konvensional. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyampain informasi Pemerintah Kota Semrang kepada masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Kota Semarang menggunakan  youtube dan vlog sebagai media penyampaian informasi pada masyarakat, dengan membuat konten vlog “Yossie-Dani” yang mengandung  aktivitas sehari-hari, hiburan, dan konten-konten yang dekat dengan kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat Semarang. Di samping juga ada beberapa trik dalam vlog nya seperti  memanfaatkan konsep blooper, memberikan style editing berupa sound effect, text effect,  atau video yang berisi kesalahan selama proses shooting berlangsung. Meskipun banyak unsur hiburan dan terkesan santainya, tetapi Pemerintah Kota Semarang tetap mempertahankan kualitas konten atau berita-berita yang dibuatnya. Ada beberapa nilai berita di vlog Yossie-Dani, yaitu fakta dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, terbaru, berpengaruh, relevan dengan kehidupan masyarakat, narasumber yang populer, adanya kedekatan emosi dengan masyarakat, dan kedekatan jarak. Dan menggunakan rumus 5 W+ 1 H.
Kyai Leadership in Internalizing Nationalism Values at Pesantren
Authors: Apud Apud , Bin Hj Adam Hj Sammali , Irawan Ferdiansyah
Published: December 2020

This study aims to examine the leadership of the kyai in Pesantren SalÃ¢fiyah Cidahu Pandeglang. It specifically explored the leadership of the kyai and its role in internalizing nationalism values for students in pesantren. This study used a descriptive-qualitative method. The data were obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that the leadership of the kyai has played a role in internalizing a spirit of nationalism for the students. The process of internalizing the spirit of nationalism was carried out through giving advice and exemplary, book recitation activities, baá¸¥á¹¡ al-masÃ¢'il, community service, entrepreneurial activities, organizational activities, leadership training, maintaining traditions, and democracy-related activities. Lack of the students' motivation to learn and the limited facilities and infrastructure were the obstacles in nurturing the values of nationalism. To solve the obstacles, kyai provided motivation for the students, built the students' confidence and self-confidence, and established network with the society and government.
Womenâ€™s Access to Islamic Higher Education
Authors: Nawangsari Dyah , Elhady Aminullah , Salam Norodin
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe women's access to PTKI (Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam/Islamic Higher Education) and ma'had aly institutions. The method used was a qualitative approach with a gender perspective. Interviews, observations, and documentary studies were applied to collect the data. This research was conducted in PTKI and ma'had aly institution that are located in East Java. The results show that there are gaps in accessing education between male and female students in the national context which can be seen from the net enrollment rate. This gap also occurred in women's educational participation at PTKI and ma'had aly institutions. The disparity of education access can be observed in terms of womenâ€™s participation in intracurricular and extracurricular activities at maâ€™had aly institutions. There is a difference in the level of women's participation in Islamic higher education for Islamic studies compared to ma'had aly.
КОМБІНОВАНІ БІФІДОВМІСНІ ДЕСЕРТИ ДЛЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ З РАДІОПРОТЕКТОРНИМИ ВЛАСТИВОСТЯМИ
Authors: Ткаченко Наталія Андріївна , Чагаровський Олександр Петрович , Копійко Аліна Валерійовна
Published: December 2020

У статті розглянуто рекомендації нутриціологів щодо норм споживання основних нутрієнтів військовослужбовцями – співвідношення білків:жирів:вуглеводів у їх харчуванні повинно складати 1,0:1,0:6,0. Показано перспективи збільшення білкової складової на 10...12 % для підвищення радіопротекторних властивостей харчового раціону військовослужбовців, обґрунтовано доцільність встановлення співвідношення білків:жирів:вуглеводів у продуктах з радіопротекторними властивостями 1,1:1,0:6,0.
Доведено доцільність використання вітчизняної сировини у виробництві біфідовмісних десертів – молока незбираного; біфідо-сиру кисломолочного; концентрату сироваткових білків, отриманого ультрафільтрацією; гарбузового та яблучного наповнювачів з цукром; рисової та гарбузової олій; рисового борошна для дитячого харчування. Розроблено із застосуванням математичного моделювання шість рецептур біфідовмісних десертів для військовослужбовців зі збалансованим хімічним складом та радіопротекторними властивостями із врахуванням смакових, фізико-хімічних, біохімічних та сенсорних характеристик.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ВТОРИННИХ РИБНИХ РЕСУРСІВ З РИБ ВНУТРІШНІХ ВОДОЙМ ПРИ РОЗРОБЦІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ГЕЛЕПОДІБНИХ ЗАЛИВОК
Authors: Кушніренко Надія Михайлівна , Паламарчук Анна Станиславовна , Патюков Сергій Дмитрович , Глушков Олег Анатолійович
Published: December 2020

Проблема збереження здоров’я населення України в даний час тісно пов'язана з необхідністю виробництва та наукового обґрунтування розробки повноцінних харчових продуктів загального та спеціального призначення, тому особлива увага приділяється розробці і впровадженню технологій продуктів харчування, що відрізняються високою якістю, безпекою на основі комплексного використання рибної сировини. Вітчизняні вчені сформулювали теоретичні основи ресурсозберігаючих технологій з урахуванням основних принципів функціонального харчування. Одним з актуальних напрямків у цій галузі є удосконалення та розробка технологій продуктів харчування масового споживання, особливе місце серед яких займають консерви. У зв'язку з цим зберігається тенденція збільшення обсягу виробництва консервів в заливках, також є важливим розширення їх асортименту, підвищення харчової та біологічної цінності, створення технологій і рецептур багатокомпонентних продуктів. Комбінуючи білки гідробіонтів з легкозасвоюваними вуглеводами, вітамінами і мінеральними речовинами овочів можна отримати вироби збалансованого складу, що забезпечують вимоги функціонального харчування людей. В останні роки увага приділяється збільшенню частки споживання колагенвмісних продуктів, що пов'язано із загостренням у людей ряду захворювань опорно-рухового апарату, шлунково-кишкового тракту, тощо. Раціональне поєднання різних видів колагену яке міститься в сировині, залучення в виробництво ресурсів, які не використовуються, дозволяє підвищити харчову цінність продуктів, що представляє великий інтерес для наукових досліджень і практичної діяльності промислових підприємств. Споживання в їжу нових видів продуктів, які містять високу кількість сполучнотканинних білків, може спонукати до вирішення проблеми забезпечення населення продуктами харчування, які мають в своєму складі харчові волокна і біологічно активні добавки хондропротекторного типу.
Features of the Records Composition in the Continuatio Prosperi Hauniensis
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Kozlov Aleksandr S.
Published: December 2020

This research has revealed the features of the documentation base of the anonymous compilations written in Italy (most likely, shortly after 636) and known as the Continuatio Prosperi Hauniensis; it is actually a mixture of a chronicle, duplicate excerpts from a number of consular lists of the Roman Empire, and a brief overview of the rule of the Ostrogothic and Lombard kings. This research focuses on the composition of the part of the “Continuation of Рrosper” which brings the narrative to the reign of Theodoric the Great. It has been shown that the records kept every feature of late antique chronicle. However, the document’s content features clear signs of imperfection and confused and incomplete editing, especially when it comes to the sections about the disappearance of emperor’s power in the West. Anyway, the information in this document keeps equal value disregarding the Roman, Ravenna, or Lombard origin of the facts, dates, and estimates it covers. This paper pays most of its attention to the dependency of the records covering the events in the late fourth and fifth centuries from the so-called Ravenna fasti (consularia), which formed the core of several synchronous chronicles. The main material to show the incompleteness of the editing of the chronicle in question are different variants of accounts on the events developing on the eve of and after 476 AD, and the varied dependency of the text in question of the protograph of the Fasti Vindobonensis (Vienna manuscript), the sources of Cassidorus the Senator’s Chronicle, and other similar documents.
“Image of the Soul” of a Learned Metropolitan in the Thirteenth Century: Some Notes on John Apokaukos’ Epistles
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Chernoglazov Dmitrii A.
Published: December 2020

John Apokaukos (ca. 1155–1233), the metropolitan of Naupaktos, was a church and political figure of the early thirteenth century and an outstanding Byzantine writer. So far the collection of Apokaukos’ letters has been studied mainly as a historical source. This paper has made a philological analysis of his epistles with the question raised how the author’s self is portrayed. This research has shown that Apokaukos’ letters formed an individual image of the author extending beyond epistolary clichés. This image is not without internal contradictions: on the one hand, Apokaukos portrays himself as a decrepit old man, enduring punishment for his sins, and on the other, he appears proud of his achievements and erudition, ready to stand up for his rights or defend the interests of his eparchy. Moreover, when the author speaks of his weakness and insignificance, he is not always serious, for the self-abasement sometimes turns into a caricature: for example, the author emphasizes his gluttony using grotesque comparisons. The author’s image is not static: Apokaukos often portrays himself as a doubter, hesitating over two opinions and changing his position under the influence of circumstances. This paper has analysed the author’s image in Apokaukos’ letters in the context of Byzantine epistolography in the Komnenian renaissance. Some common tendencies have been determined in the epistles of John Apokaukos, Michael Psellos, John Tzetzes, and Theodore Prodromos.
Seal of Nikephoros, the Metropolitan πάσης Ῥωσίας, from Byzantine Cherson
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Alekseienko Nikolai A.
Published: December 2020

This research republishes an interesting sigillographic find from Byzantine Cherson (Shumen, 2011), which first attribution was tentative, suggesting subsequent clarifications and corrections. Oleksandr Alf’orov has provided a new reading of the place-name on the seal reverse, thus indicating the necessity of setting aside the initial attribution of the seal to one of the bishoprics in Bulgaria and allowing one to relate the find from Cherson with the metropolis of Rus’. Now the obverse legend has been successfully reconstructed, uncovering that the seal certainly shows not the traditional image of St. Nikephoros, but rather that of the homonymous saint, the glorified patriarch of Constantinople in the ninth century. The image of St. Nikephoros is among the rarest pieces of Byzantine sigillography, though the image of St. Patriarch Nikephoros of Constantinople does not meet with any analogies. The chronology of the seal depends on the specific script and abbreviations in the legend, typical of the period from the twelfth to fourteenth century. Taking stylistic and epigraphic features of the find from Cherson and the term πάσης Ῥωσίας (“of all Rus’) used in the legend into account, there are reasons to consider that, among two metropolitans of Kiev bearing the same name in the twelfth century, the owner of the seal in question was Nikephoros (Nikifor) II who headed the Rus’ian Orthodox church in the late twelfth and the very early thirteenth centuries. The new attribution of this seal clarifies the list of church figures who received letters from Byzantine Cherson in the Late Byzantine period and uncovers this seal’s role of a source valuable and important for the history of the region, which testifies to the existence of inter-church connections between Cherson and Rus’ at the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth century.
Epigenetics of obesity
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Kim O. T.
Published: December 2020

The pathophysiology of obesity is complex and includes changes in eating behavior, genetic, epigenetic, environmental factors, and much more. To date, ~40 genetic polymorphisms are associated with obesity and fat distribution. However, since these options do not fully explain the inheritance of obesity, other options, such as epigenetic changes, need to be considered. Epigenetic modifications affect gene expression without changing the deoxyribonucleic acid sequence. In addition, environmental exposure during critical periods of development can affect the epigenetic tags and lead to obesity. A deeper understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying obesity can aid in prevention based on lifestyle changes. This review focuses on the role of epigenetic modifications in the development of obesity and related conditions.
Stability of serum biochemical markers during standard long-term storage and with a single thawing
Authors: Kozlova V. A. , Metelskaya V. A. , Pokrovskaya M. S. , Efimova I. A. , Litinskaya O. A. , Kutsenko V. A. , Yarovaya E. B. , Shalnova S. A. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To study the effect of standard serum long-term storage at -70О C and with a single thawing on the biochemical markers by comparing the results of studies carried out in 2013-2014 and 2020.

Material and methods. The material was the blood serum of participants in the ESSE-RF study, which was stored in a specialized biobank from 2013-2014 at -70О C either continuously (n=149) or with a single thawing (n=20). Initially and in 2020, the quantitative determination of serum biochemical parameters was carried out using same equipment and standard techniques.

Results. Long-term storage at -70О C led to mild, but significant changes in almost all analyzed parameters: low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein A1 levels decreased; levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein increased. Insulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels did not change during storage. The revealed strong positive relationships between the initial concentrations and those measured in 2020 in samples that were stored continuously indicate the relevance of such storage. In samples with single thawing, changes in most parameters were more pronounced.

Conclusion. The results of a prospective cohort study aimed at studying the stability of human serum samples during storage indicate the validity of long-term storage at -70О C without thawing. Freeze-thawing cycle of samples (even once) is unacceptable, since it leads to a pronounced LDL-C decrease. Given the fact that it is the LDL-C levels that is the target of lipid-lowering therapy, continuous low-temperature (not >-70О C) storage of blood serum samples is recommended.
Russian National Association of Biobanks and Biobanking Specialists — a tool for integrating Russian biobanks and increasing the efficiency of biomedical research Drapkina O. M.
Authors: Drapkina O. M.
Published: December 2020

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An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought
Authors: RAHMAN Hafijur
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to analyze the two crucial treaties of the early Islamic period as the Aqabah pledges and the Charter of Medina, which is considered the foundation of the political authority in Islamic political thought. Several contemporary intellectuals intended to identify these two treaties as the contract between Prophet Muhammad and the people of Medina for establishing a political authority under the leadership of the prophet relating to the social contract theory in Modern Political Thought. This paper analyzes these two documents as the birth of a political authority in Islamic political thought in the light of the writing of Muslim theorists, particularly Rachid al-Ghannouchi, who argued the Islamic state should be formed by Shura within “mutual contract” rather than coercion. This research is a qualitative research based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from primary literature, and secondary data were collected from secondary literature, articles and theses. This research extensively used the content analysis and the historical analysis methods for its data analysis. It is hoped that this paper will contribute to academia by analyzing these two treaties as the essential documents regarding the birth of political authority in Islamic political thought within the present context.
Emeğin Görsel, İşitsel ve Yazınsal Sanatlardaki Tezahürleri
Authors: AŞÇI Mehmet Saim
Published: December 2020

Sanat sunduğu derin ve zengin kavrayış olanakları ile olguların duygusal boyutlarına da erişmemize katkı sunmaktadır. Çalışma olgusu da ilk çağlardan bu yana sanatın muhtelif biçimlerinin ilgisini çekmiş ve verilen eserler ile tarihsel süreç içerisinde farklı toplumların hatta toplumun farklı kesimlerinin çalışmayı ve emeği nasıl anlamlandırdıkları ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bütün insanlığın ortak değerlerini ifade edebilme yetkinliği, sanatı tüm insanlığa mâl eden başlıca unsur olmuştur. Çalışmanın farklı biçimlerini ya da çalışan kişinin içinde bulunduğu toplumsal, fiziksel ve ruhsal durumları anlayabilme ve anlamlandırabilme çabaları sanatın çok geniş sahalara yayılmış pek çok disiplininin konusunu teşkil etmiştir. Çalışma ilk çağlardan itibaren mağara resimlerinden başlayarak görsel sanatlara konu olmuş, tarihsel süreç içerisinde sanatçılar yaşadıkları toplumun farklı özelliklerini eserlerine yansıtırken, doğal olarak işi, işyerlerini, kaybolmaya yüz tutan ya da yeni yeni ortaya çıkmaya başlayan çalışma tarzlarını ve emekçi tiplerini de eserlerinde yansıtmaya çabalamışlardır. Aynı şekilde müzik eserlerinde de, işin bizatihi kendisini, ritmini, normlarını ve geleneklerini, çalışanların iş arkadaşları ve işverenlerine karşı tutumlarını açıklayan ipuçları bulmak mümkün olmaktadır. İşçilik kavramının henüz oluşmaya başladığı dönemlerden itibaren işçi sınıfının yaşadığı sorunlar şarkılarda dile getirilmeye başlanmıştır. Çocuk işçiliğinden ekonomik krizlere kadar işçi sınıfını ilgilendiren tüm meseleler şarkılarda yansımasını bulmuştur. Çalışmaya ilişkin yazınsal eserlerde de hem eserin yazıldığı dönemin bir tasvirini hem de geniş bir perspektiften toplumun esere konu edilen olguya karşı tutumunun izlerini bulmak mümkündür. Bu çalışmada görsel, işitsel ve yazınsal sanatlarda emeğin ve işçi sınıfının nasıl anlamlandırıldığını dünyadan ve ülkemizden örneklerle incelemeye çalıştık. 1930’lar boyunca gelişme gösteren işçi sınıfını ve çalışmayı eserlerinde başat konu edinen sanat anlayışı, özellikle neoliberalizmin dünya çapında yaygınlaşması ile birlikte günümüzde ne yazık ki eski gücünden oldukça uzaklaşmıştır. Burada işçi örgütlerine, sendikalara önemli görevler düşmektedir. İşçi sendikaları işçiler için özel programlar düzenlemeli, sınıf bilincini güçlendirecek eğitim ve sanata yönelik çabalarını yoğunlaştırmalıdır.