Environmental innovation subjects: current legal challenges
Authors: Savchuk Olena 
Published: October 2024

Problem setting. Environmental innovation is a key element of a sustainable development strategy aimed at reducing the negative impact of human activity on the environment. They consist in the implementation of new technologies, processes, products or services that have a lower negative impact on nature compared to traditional solutions. A central aspect of environmental innovations is the participation of entities that contribute to their development and implementation. In all industrialized countries, innovation is one of the priority directions in government policy, because it is the basis of national independence and economic development. The state creates favorable conditions for innovative activity, forming uniform civilized rules and mechanisms that determine the development of all subjects of the innovation sphere. Analysis of recent researches and publications. In particular, in this area there were publications of legal scholars: G.V. Anisimova, V.L. Bredikhina, M.V. Krasnova, Yu. Yu. Bakai, D.V. Zadikhailo and others. Purpose of research consists in determining and making proposals to the current legislation in a certain topic. Article’s main body. The subjects of the modern market of ecological innovations are the state, enterprises, organizations, institutions, universities, foundations, natural persons (scientists and specialists), who ensure the processes of generation and distribution of ecological innovations Organizational and legal forms of innovative activity in the environmental sphere are technoparks, technopolises, business incubators, innovation centers, venture firms, consulting and analytical firms. Conclusions and prospects for development. Technoparks, in today’s world, the latter play a significant role in promoting the direct development of environmental innovations. Their existence is based on the creation of a favorable environment for interaction between scientific institutions, business and authorities with the aim of joint creation and implementation of new technologies of environmental direction. Science parks should contribute to the support of startups, the direction of which is primarily the development and implementation of environmental technologies, including the development of efficient renewable energy sources, waste-free / low-waste materials and other products aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment. Clusters, in turn, facilitate the concentration of enterprises operating in similar or complementary segments of the economy, thereby allowing them to jointly develop and implement environmental innovations through the exchange of knowledge and resources. Innovative business incubators have the opportunity to provide startups with financial support. It is about receiving grants, investments, etc. Such financial support will allow startups to work on their ideas, develop products and introduce them to the market. Second, business incubators can provide expert support. For example, business consulting, technical advice, marketing or product development support. Experts at the incubator guide startups through the various stages of development, from ideation to commercialization, helping them avoid common mistakes and use best practices.Industrial parks act also as one of the subjects of ecological innovation relations due to their ability to unite production enterprises in order to jointly implement ecological technologies and practices. They can be involved in the implementation of energyefficient technologies, renewable energy, the development and implementation of efficient use of water resources, as well as waste management. Industrial parks can create favorable conditions for cooperation between enterprises in the field of environmental research and development, as well as promote the exchange of knowledge and experience in this area. Thus, the main goal common to all these subjects is to promote the development and implementation of environmentally friendly technologies with the aim of preserving the environment, as well as ensuring sustainable development.