bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating postnatal care into the redesign of group care beyond birth
Authors: Gresh Ashley , Van Damme Astrid , Billings Deborah L. , Rising Sharon Schindler , Ibrahim Shaimaa , Ajibola Abiola , Chirwa Ellen , Don-Aki Jennyfer , Donoho Nastassia , Hindori Manodj , Jiddawi Nafisa , Kanebi Emeka , Kapito Esnath , Kay Catherine , Kinra Tara , Molliqaj Vlorian , Oyeledun Bolanle , Rijnders Marlies E. B. , Wiseman Octavia , Yaqubi Ghutai Sadeq , Patil Crystal L.
Published: February 2025

Background

Globally, alarmingly high rates of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity persist. A constellation of health system and social factors contribute to this, including poor quality and barriers to accessing health care, including preventive services. As such, there have been calls for a redesign of maternal and child health (MCH) services. Although group care has primarily been tested in antenatal settings, it offers a promising redesign that optimizes maternal and child health care, survival, and well-being. The purpose of this study was to produce a blueprint of an adapted group care model that integrates postnatal maternal care, well-child care, and family engagement to be adapted to realities of different settings.

Methods

Using a human-centered design approach and the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-based interventions (FRAME), we employed qualitative methods to adapt CenteringParenting® (retaining its three core pillars of health assessment, interactive learning, and community building), and co-create the blueprint for group care beyond birth that can be used across settings. We initiated the process through face-to-face workshops during a global meeting on group care, followed by six online incubator sessions with key stakeholders from 13 countries during which we used qualitative methods of free listing, pile sorting, and ranking. We conducted a rapid qualitative analysis to produce a blueprint.

Results

Participants collaboratively modified the content, format, and evaluation of CenteringParenting® with the goal of creating a blueprint that integrates postnatal and pediatric care into group care that can be further adapted and implemented across diverse settings and contexts. The blueprint consists of suggested timing of visits over two years after birth, suggested visit content, and evaluation metrics for research and practice.

Conclusions

The resulting group care beyond birth blueprint offers a strategy to redesign maternal and infant/child health services that can positively transform postnatal care and provide essential services to postpartum people. Adaptation of the blueprint to local realities is expected. Future research is recommended to test the model’s acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness across settings. Using this blueprint, we can build the evidence base to support this model aiming to improve maternal and infant/child health outcomes.
Effects of Vibration-Reducible Cementitious Materials on the Acoustic and Structural Responses of Buildings Adjacent to Urban Railway Systems: A Numerical Approach
Authors: Wu Siyu , Pyo Sukhoon
Published: February 2025

Some studies have developed different kinds of vibration-reducible construction materials. However, no existing study has applied these materials in a building to prove their effectiveness at a structural level. Besides, much of the related research has focused only on measuring sound pressure or vibration levels within buildings adjacent to railway systems. Although some studies have provided methods to predict the vibration of a building structure, they cannot determine the train-induced sound pressure level simultaneously. Therefore, this study used the finite element model to simulate an existing building structure to prove the effectiveness of this method. Based on the combination of the acoustic and solid interaction modules in the finite element analysis method, the vibration and sound levels of buildings based on different kinds of vibration-reducible cementitious materials were estimated using different models. The results show that vibration-reducible cementitious materials can reduce vibration velocity and sound pressure levels by up to 7.1 dB and 5.2 dB with an increased floor height, respectively. In addition, reduced vibration can decrease structure-borne noise by up to 2.9 dB. A further parametric study shows that cementitious materials with a relatively high elastic modulus, a high damping loss factor, and low density can be effective for vibration and sound reduction.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Yemeni Sidr honey against multidrug-resistant pathogens – in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Alhadrami Hani A. , Sayed Ahmed M. , Hassan Hossam M. , Rateb Mostafa E. , Taher Marwa A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Honey’s medical values have been extensively recorded in literature. Yemeni Sidr honey was reported to treat many ailments like stomach and respiratory disorders. ESKAPE and other multidrug-resistant pathogens are considered one of the top three risks to global public health, so alternative strategies become critical demand against such pathogens or their biofilms. The current study aimed to explore the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of the Yemeni Sidr honey extracts. The antibacterial activity of the two Yemeni Sidr honey extracts (ST and SM) was assessed against different pathogenic strains. The antioxidant activity was also evaluated using ORAC, ABST, 5-LOX, and DPPH. Furthermore, 2D HSQC data of both ST and SM honey extracts were collected uploaded to the SMART platform to identify the possible metabolites in these extracts. The identified metabolites were analyzed using docking and molecular dynamic simulations (MDS) to identify the key players in the antibacterial action.

Results

The antibacterial activity revealed that ST and SM extracts have similar activity against all tested pathogens. ST extract exhibited superior antibiofilm effect against P. aeruginosa and C. albicans by 68.2% and 62.6%, respectively, exceeding the reference standards. Moreover, ST extract displayed the highest antioxidant power against all assays except the DPPH assay. SMART dereplication of the HSQC data of ST extract revealed the annotations of five carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, mannose, maltose, and sucrose); while, SM extract showed three major phenolic compounds (chrysin, ellagic acid, and caffeic acid), in which chrysin and ellagic acid were likely the key players in the antibacterial action, based on MDS.

Conclusions

The study confirmed the effectiveness of Sidr honey against the tested multidrug-resistant pathogens. Additionally, our observations shed the light on the main secondary constituents in Yemini Sidr honey extracts, and their effective role in multidrug-resistant pathogens growth inhibition.
Pre-stack seismic geostatistical inversion based on mixed prior information of random media
Authors: Wang Baoli , Liu Longdong , Zhang Guangzhi , Lin Ying , Yin Xingyao
Published: February 2025

The parameter information of subsurface media can be categorized into large-scale and small-scale information, and both of them are important for reservoir prediction and characterization. The accuracy and efficiency of geostatistical inversion is closely related to the used prior model. The quality of prior model directly affects inversion results. For enriching the information contained in prior model, providing reliable geostatistical prior information for inversion, and obtaining accurate and realistic inversion results. Based on random media theory, a mixed prior information of random media containing both large-scale and small-scale information can be constructed to provide reliable prior information for inversion. The large-scale prior information is obtained by Kriging interpolation method, while the small-scale prior information is obtained from the disturbance of random media which constructed by the statistical characteristic parameters of random media. Then, the large-scale prior information and small-scale prior information are merged to obtain the mixed prior information that not only reflects the large-scale background variation trends, but also contains the small-scale random perturbation. Finally, a geostatistical inversion method based on mixed prior information of random media is established by combing the mixed prior information with gradual deformation method. The model tests and field data application case validate the viability and validity of this method.
Structured Treadmill Training as a Strategy to Mitigate Tumor Growth and Preserve Adipose tissue and Muscle Strength in Prostate Tumor Bearing Mice
Authors: Dieumegard Arthur , Dufresne Suzanne , Richard Cindy , Orfila Luz , Martin Brice , Rouvière Laurent , Oliveira Arsênio Rodrigues , Croyal Mikaël , Mathieu Romain , Rébillard Amélie
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Exercise is widely recognized for providing numerous benefits to prostate cancer (PCa) survivors. Numerous preclinical studies have investigated the role of exercise on tumor progression, but results are often controversial, largely due to variations in experimental protocols.

Methods

In this study, the comprehensive effects of exercise on PCa were evaluated with two different aerobic exercises, forced and structured Exercise Training on treadmill (ET), and Voluntary Wheel Running (VWR). Human PCa PPC-1 cells or PBS were injected into athymic nude mice, randomized into four groups: healthy, cancer control (CaCTL), cancer with exercise training (CaET), and cancer with voluntary wheel running (CaVWR).

Results

ET significantly reduced tumor growth (290.38 ± 75.43 mm3) compared to CaCTL mice (374.84 ± 86.15 mm3, p = 0.0227). ET also regulated plasma IL-6 concentration, protected against cancer-induced adipose tissue loss (CaCTL = 171.21 ± 86.73 mg; Ca ET = 341.71 ± 137.24 mg, p = 0.0295) and preserved strength (CaCTL = 126.53 ± 6.68 g; CaET = 137.32 ± 6.39 g, p = 0.0018). However, ET did not protect against cancer-induced muscle mass loss (CaCTL = 175.06 ± 18.07 mg; CaET = 181.41 ± 14.59 mg). In contrast, VWR did not provide similar benefits on the assessed cancer-related outcomes, aside from preserving muscle strength (CaCTL = 126.53 ± 6.68 g; CaVWR = 134.59 ± 7.01 g, p = 0.0204).

Conclusions

ET represented an effective strategy against PCa by limiting tumor growth, but also by mitigating inflammation and adipose tissue loss and preserving muscle strength, whereas VWR only provided limited benefits. The exercise parameters are emerging as a critical factor in combating PCa, warranting further investigation.
Digital Stages for a New Performative Space.
Authors: Llamazares Blanco Pablo
Published: February 2025

The main objective of the research is to analyse some artistic creations that, through the application of innovative technological and digital systems, have the capacity to promote a new performative spatiality. Something that is carried out on the basis of the digital projects of the creative studio Random International, as they constitute a good example in the creation of immersive experiences. Analysing this type of project involves understanding the terms in which the body is capable of responding to a device that interacts in real time, altering the reality of the space. Moreover, it should be added that the interest of these proposals is even greater when they are developed not only as artistic installations, but also as digital stages for a choreographic or performative action. With regard to the research methodology, we have selected those digital stage designs in which the relationships established with the architectural container of the exhibition or performance are particularly important. In this way, those spatial configuration procedures are discovered, which are related to the architectural supports of the wall, ceiling and floor. Procedures that seek action and narrativity, in proposals that integrate actors, spectators, digital devices and performance halls. In this way, the senses implicit in perception are incorporated into Random International's works, in bodily experiences from which a new spatio-temporal notion result.
Entre vivisección y vegetarianismo: ética de las relaciones entre sintientes humanos y no humanos
Authors: Pinto-Bustamante Boris Julián , Cabra- Rojas Laura Natalia , Eimami-López Monir Azam , Sierra- Suárez María Juliana , Martínez-Fajardo Diego Alejandro , Salgado-Malo Carolina Andrea
Published: February 2025

Este capítulo aborda algunos presupuestos teóricos en torno al estatus moral de los animales no humanos y sus implicaciones prácticas, a propósito de la investigación biomédica en biomodelos. Abordaremos, con la ayuda del cine como herramienta didáctica, las posturas antropocén- tricas, biocéntricas, utilitaristas, especistas, ecosistémicas y el enfoque de derechos para identificar las alternativas en la utilización sostenible de biomodelos en investigación y, cuando sea posible, su reemplazo.
Landscape-level human disturbance results in loss and contraction of mammalian populations in tropical forests
Authors: Greco Ilaria , Beaudrot Lydia , Sutherland Chris , Tenan Simone , Hsieh Chia , Gorczynski Daniel , Sheil Douglas , Brodie Jedediah , Firoz Ahmed Mohammad , Ahumada Jorge , Amin Rajan , Baker-Watton Megan , Husneara Begum Ramie , Bisi Francesco , Bitariho Robert , Campos-Arceiz Ahimsa , A. R. Carvalho Elildo , Cornélis Daniel , Cremonesi Giacomo , Londe de Camargos Virgínia , Elimanantsoa Iariaella , Espinosa Santiago , Fayolle Adeline , Fonteyn Davy , Harihar Abishek , Hilser Harry , Granados Alys , A. Jansen Patrick , Mohd-Azlan Jayasilan , Johnson Caspian , Johnson Steig , Lahkar Dipankar , Guimarães Moreira Lima Marcela , Luskin Matthew Scott , Magioli Marcelo , H. Martin Emanuel , Martinoli Adriano , Gonçalves Morato Ronaldo , Mugerwa Badru , E. Pardo Lain , Salvador Julia , Santos Fernanda , Vermeulen Cédric , C. Wright Patricia , Rovero Francesco
Published: February 2025

Tropical forests hold most of Earth’s biodiversity and a higher concentration of threatened mammals than other biomes. As a result, some mammal species persist almost exclusively in protected areas, often within extensively transformed and heavily populated landscapes. Other species depend on remaining remote forested areas with sparse human populations. However, it remains unclear how mammalian communities in tropical forests respond to anthropogenic pressures in the broader landscape in which they are embedded. As governments commit to increasing the extent of global protected areas to prevent further biodiversity loss, identifying the landscape-level conditions supporting wildlife has become essential. Here, we assessed the relationship between mammal communities and anthropogenic threats in the broader landscape. We simultaneously modeled species richness and community occupancy as complementary metrics of community structure, using a state-of-the-art community model parameterized with a standardized pan-tropical data set of 239 mammal species from 37 forests across 3 continents. Forest loss and fragmentation within a 50-km buffer were associated with reduced occupancy in monitored communities, while species richness was unaffected by them. In contrast, landscape-scale human density was associated with reduced mammal richness but not occupancy, suggesting that sensitive species have been extirpated, while remaining taxa are relatively unaffected. Taken together, these results provide evidence of extinction filtering within tropical forests triggered by anthropogenic pressure occurring in the broader landscape. Therefore, existing and new reserves may not achieve the desired biodiversity outcomes without concurrent investment in addressing landscape-scale threats.
Men deny more than they believe about climate change on Twitter (X)
Authors: Singh Mudit Kumar
Published: February 2025

Climate change and twitter have been in scholarly and academic attention for study of human behaviour expressed on the popular social media platform. The sentiment of the tweets has been the subject of previous studies, and the most recent study used Twitter texts to examine seven aspects of climate change: denier/believer stance, sentiment, aggressiveness, temperature, gender, subjects and disasters, and their relationships. Amid the big pictures across these vital variables, we know very little about the extent to which the comparative gendered differences in views exist in the climate denier and believer groups shaping the climate change discussion. Using the large scale global twitter data from the past 13 years, this paper has examined the differences in the views of deniers and believers on climate change in comparison to the people neutral to climate change. Based on the expression on twitter, results of a sound multinomial regression model of this study indicates a globally strong climate denier stance of men.
Adjusted trajectory of medication exposure taking into account the periodicity of dispensations and the number of dispensed packs and comparative analysis on EFEMERIS database
Authors: Chouquet Cécile , Beau Anna-Belle , Damase-Michel Christine , Jeauneau David , Lacroix Isabelle , Mercier Sabine
Published: February 2025

We presented an adjustment method for the calculation of medication exposure trajectories based on the number of dispensed packs and the type of dispensations (occasional or regular). A comparative study based on the EFEMERIS data was carried out using three different scenarios of trajectory calculation depending on whether or not the number of packs and the periodicity of medication dispensations were taken into account. The impact of the scenario was highlighted using global indicators on the number of Define-Daily Dose (DDD) on all women exposed; the study of changes in individual trajectories from one scenario to another was carried out; we also compared the results of a clustering into four groups. If 65% of the trajectories remained unchanged, we could observe on the rest significant changes in number of DDD and/or on individual exposure profile. We observed 4% of trajectories that were attributed to a different cluster, and the clustering was of better quality with the adjustment method. Depending on the study context, an impact on cluster distribution could be observed for some maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes. This was the case for a higher occurrence of neonatal pathology for neonates from mothers belonging to the cluster with high doses of psychotropics, thus reinforcing the conclusions of previous studies of a link between high exposure to psychotropic medications and presence of pathology for the newborn.
Biomarkers to predict or measure steroid resistance in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: May Carl J. , Ford Nathan P. , Welsh Gavin I. , Saleem Moin A.
Published: February 2025

In this systematic review we have sought to summarise the current knowledge concerning biomarkers that can distinguish between steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Additionally, we aim to select biomarkers that have the best evidence-base and should be prioritised for further research. Pub med and web of science databases were searched using “steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome AND biomarker”. Papers published between 01/01/2012 and 10/05/2022 were included. Papers that did not compare steroid resistant and steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome, did not report sensitivity/specificity or area under curve and reviews/letters were excluded. The selected papers were then assessed for bias using the QUADAS-2 tool. The source of the biomarker, cut off, sensitivity/specificity, area under curve and sample size were all extracted. Quality assessment was performed using the BIOCROSS tool. 17 studies were included, comprising 15 case-control studies and 2 cross-sectional studies. Given the rarity of nephrotic syndrome and difficulty in recruiting large cohorts, case-control studies were accepted despite their limitations. We present a range of candidate biomarkers along with scores relating to the quality of the original publications and the risk of bias to inform future investigations. None of the selected papers stated whether the authors were blinded to the patient’s disease when assessing the index test in the cohort. Highlighting a key problem in the field that needs to be addressed. These candidate biomarkers must now be tested with much larger sample sizes. Using new biobanks such as the one built by the NURTuRE-INS team will be very helpful in this regard.
From larva to adult: In vitro rearing protocol for honey bee (Apis mellifera) drones
Authors: Bezerra da Silva Marina Carla , Kindopp Madison Gail , Sebastian Jose Midhun , Obshta Oleksii , Edirithilake Thanuri Lakna Kumari , Tellarini Prieto Emilio Enrique , Raza Muhammad Fahim , Polizel Camilli Marcelo , Thebeau Jenna , Masood Fatima , Kozii Ivanna , Moshynskyy Igor , Simko Elemir , Wood Sarah C.
Published: February 2025

Development of a successful in vitro rearing protocol has been essential for pesticide safety assessment of immature honey bee workers under laboratory conditions. In contrast, pesticide safety testing of honey bee drones is limited, in part due to the lack of successful laboratory rearing protocols for this reproductive caste. Considering that healthy drones are essential for successful mating and reproduction of the honey bee queen, a standardized in vitro rearing protocol for honey bee drones is necessary to support reproductive safety studies, as well as to gain a deeper understanding of honey bee drone development. Using the established in vitro rearing protocol for honey bee workers, we modified the days of grafting and pupal transfer, as well as the diet volume, pupation plate orientation, and absorbent tissue in the pupal wells to successfully rear honey bee drones in vitro. In vitro-reared drones were evaluated for gross wing abnormalities, body weight, testes weight, and abdominal area, and compared with age-matched drones reared in field colonies. We found that honey bee drones reared in a vertically oriented pupation plate containing WypAll® absorbent tissue in each well had a mean survival to adulthood of 74 ± 3.5% (SEM) until adulthood. In contrast, drones reared in a horizontally oriented pupation plate containing Kimwipe® absorbent tissue in each well had significantly lower survival (5.5 ± 2.3%) and demonstrated gross wing abnormalities. All in vitro-reared drones had significantly lower body weight, testes weight and abdominal area relative to colony-reared control drones. Accordingly, we successfully developed an in vitro rearing protocol for honey bee drones which has the potential to improve future reproductive safety assessment of pesticides for honey bees.
Sample Size Impact (SaSii): An R script for estimating optimal sample sizes in population genetics and population genomics studies
Authors: Scaketti Matheus , Sujii Patricia Sanae , Alves-Pereira Alessandro , Schwarcz Kaiser Dias , Francisconi Ana Flávia , Moro Matheus Sartori , Moreno Martins Kauanne Karolline , de Jesus Thiago Araujo , de Souza Guilherme Brener Ferreira , Zucchi Maria Imaculada
Published: February 2025

Obtaining large sample sizes for genetic studies can be challenging, time-consuming, and expensive, and small sample sizes may generate biased or imprecise results. Many studies have suggested the minimum sample size necessary to obtain robust and reliable results, but it is not possible to define one ideal minimum sample size that fits all studies. Here, we present SaSii (Sample Size Impact), an R script to help researchers define the minimum sample size. Based on empirical and simulated data analysis using SaSii, we present patterns and suggest minimum sample sizes for experiment design. The patterns were obtained by analyzing previously published genotype datasets with SaSii and can be used as a starting point for the sample design of population genetics and genomic studies. Our results showed that it is possible to estimate an adequate sample size that accurately represents the real population without requiring the scientist to write any program code, extract and sequence samples, or use population genetics programs, thus simplifying the process. We also confirmed that the minimum sample sizes for SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) analysis are usually smaller than for SSR (simple sequence repeat) analysis and discussed other patterns observed from empirical plant and animal datasets.
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Forsythia ovata, a Korean endemic, based on genotyping-by-sequencing
Authors: Lee Yoo-Bin , So Soonku , Park Yoo-Jung , Kang Halam , Lee Ha-Rim , Kim Jae-Hyeong , Gwak Ho-Kwon , Kim Kyung-Ah , Cheon Kyeong-Sik
Published: February 2025

The perennial shrub Forsythia ovata Nakai, native to the Korean Peninsula, has a highly restricted natural habitat, occurring only in a small area within the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range located in Gangwon-do Province. These characteristics give this species high conservation value, but there is a significant lack of genetic concerning about its populations for conservation purposes. In this study, we utilized genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of F. ovata. Our analysis including 5,017 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 72 individuals, representing nine distinct populations. The results revealed a mean expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.212, indicating a moderate level of genetic diversity within the species. Additionally, a relatively low levels of genetic differentiation (FST) and high gene flow (Nm) between populations were detected. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results indicated that most genetic variation occurred within individuals, accounting for 86.66% of the total variance. In contrast, only 6.90% and 6.44% of the molecular variance was attributed to differences among individuals and between populations, respectively. Considering the results of Bayesian structure analysis on the basis of ∆ K, principal coordinate analysis and phylogenetic analysis, we propose two management units for conservation. In addition, given the current conditions faced by F. ovata, both in situ and ex situ conservation should be considered for some populations (SG and BD).
The effect of a cognitive dual-task on the control of wheelchair propulsion
Authors: Salm Leon , Schreff Lucas , Benker Christian , Abel Rainer , Müller Roy
Published: February 2025

Movement analyses of wheelchair users are rarely integrated into clinical operations, although these are recommended to prevent pain and injury in the upper extremity. In addition, previous movement analyses in the laboratory do not include the possible influences of distractions that occur in everyday wheelchair use. We therefore transferred the dual-task method known from the motion analysis of walkers to the analysis of the propulsion behavior of wheelchair users and examined whether the changes resulting from the additional cognitive task also show up here. The 52 participants consisted of 38 manual wheelchair users (age = 43.8 ± 14.2 years; sex = 11/27 f/m) and 14 novices (age = 39.2 ±  15.4 years; sex = 8/6 f/m). The participants propelled their wheelchairs on a test stand and movements of hand and wheel were recorded with a marker-based 3D motion-capturing system. The measurements were performed at preferred speed under single- and dual-task conditions. The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) was used for the additional cognitive task. The participants propelled with a significantly higher frequency (p = 0.001), had a shorter cycle- (p = 0.001) and recovery time (p = 0.001) and propelled with a lower push angle (p = 0.045) under dual-task conditions. The distance between the hand and the pushrim was shorter (p = 0.008) and the distance between the hand and the axis was significantly longer (p = 0.004). The differences occurred predominantly in the group of manual wheelchair users. Significant differences in propulsion behavior were also found between the two groups under both single-task and dual-task conditions. The results indicate that dual-task conditions during wheelchair propulsion have an influence on spatiotemporal parameters similar to walking. Future movement analyses of wheelchair users should therefore consider the additional measurement under dual-task conditions in order to obtain more realistic results.
Optimizing mechanical ventilation: Personalizing mechanical power to reduce ICU mortality ‐ a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Alkhalifah Ahmed S. , Rumindo Kenny , Brincat Edgar , Blanchard Florian , Helleberg Johan , Clarke David , Popoff Benjamin , Duranteau Olivier , Mohamed Zubair Umer , Senosy Abdelrahman
Published: February 2025

Background

Mechanical ventilation, a crucial intervention for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), can lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). This study focuses on individualizing mechanical power (MP) in mechanically ventilated patients to minimize VILI and reduce ICU mortality.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted using the Amsterdam University Medical Centers Database (AmsterdamUMCdb) data. The study included patients aged 18 and older who needed at least 48 hours of pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation. Patients who died or were extubated within 48 hours and those with inadequate data were excluded. Patients were categorized into hypoxemia groups based on their PaO2/FiO2 ratio. MP was calculated using a surrogate formula and normalized to ideal body weight (IBW). Statistical analyses and machine learning models, including logistic regression and random forest, were used to predict ICU mortality and establish safe upper limits for IBW-adjusted MP.

Results

Out of 23,106 admissions, 2,338 met the criteria. Nonsurvivors had a significantly higher time-weighted average MP (TWA-MP) than survivors. Safe upper limits for IBW-adjusted MP varied across hypoxemia groups. The XGBoost model showed the highest predictive accuracy for ICU mortality. An individualization method for mechanical ventilation settings, based on real-time physiological variables, demonstrated reduced predicted mortality in a subset of patients.

Discussion

Elevated TWA-MP is associated with increased ICU mortality, underscoring the need for personalized mechanical ventilation strategies. The study highlights the complexity of VILI and the multifactorial nature of ICU mortality. Further studies to define a safe upper limit for IBW-adjusted MP may help clinicians optimize mechanical ventilation settings and decrease the risk of VILI and mortality.

Conclusions

Despite the fact that the study’s retrospective design and reliance on a single-center database may limit the generalizability of findings, this study offers valuable insights into the relationship between mechanical power and ICU mortality, emphasizing the need for individualized mechanical ventilation strategies. The findings suggest a potential for more personalized, data-driven approach in managing mechanically ventilated patients, which could improve patient outcomes in critical care settings.
Estimating an affine term structure model of interest rates with correlated noise
Authors: WU Shu , Li Rende
Published: February 2025

Kalman filtering for the affine term structure model of interest rates is typically applied under the assumption of white noise. However, correlated noise frequently occurs during actual data processing. The accuracy and reliability of the filter are compromised if the correlated noise is assumed to be white noise. This paper develops a measurement expansion scheme for the affine term structure model based on the whitening properties of the Kalman filter, enabling latent factor estimation under the general assumption of correlated noise. The simulation results indicate that the estimation based on the measurement expansion scheme achieves higher accuracy compared to the traditional method.
Current and emerging approaches to cochlear immunosuppression with translation to human inner ear stem cell therapy: A systematic review
Authors: Creber Nathan J. , Muzaffar Jameel , Gowrishankar Shravan , Borsetto Daniele , Phillips Veronica , Smith Matthew E.
Published: February 2025

Hearing loss is a significant health burden across all stages of life. One in 5 people suffer hearing loss, with 5% of the world’s population experiencing disabling hearing loss. A large proportion of this loss is the consequence of damage or loss of neurosensory structures, termed “sensorineural” hearing loss. A recent advance in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss has occurred, with the advent of inner ear stem cell therapy. Focus has pivoted from augmenting existing neural structures to regenerating neural frameworks. To date, stem cell therapy is limited by the host immune system and rejection of donor cells. A better understanding of immunity in the inner is ear required to progress stem cell therapy for hearing loss. This review outlines a contemporary understanding of the inner ear immune system. We discuss concepts of immune dysregulation that may lead to common inner ear pathologies, and, in doing so, review the efficacy of current pharmacotherapies that mitigate end organ damage through a process of immunosuppression. Current literature is appraised through a systematic review exploring two areas of focus; immunosuppression therapies for the treatment of inner ear pathology associated immune dysregulation, and, subsequently, the efficacy of immunosuppressive agents in translational models of inner ear stem cell therapy. Through greater understanding of these concepts, and systematic appraisal of the literature, this review summarises the literature for contemporary immunosuppressive regimes that may facilitate stem cell accommodation in the cochlea and auditory nerve.
Characterizing plasma and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers relevant to neurodegeneration in captive olive baboons (Papio anubis)
Authors: Neal Sarah J. , Chitta Sriram , Magden Elizabeth R. , Simmons Joe H.
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) present a significant global disease burden that is only expected to grow in the future. As such, there is a need to develop and investigate biomarkers that identify individuals at risk of developing ADRD with the goal of providing early interventions and treatments. Non-human primate (NHP) models of neurodegeneration present opportunities to examine such biomarkers in a preclinical model with the ability to control several confounding factors present in research with humans. Baboons naturally develop several ADRD-related neuropathologies that humans also exhibit, including age-related tau and amyloid deposition. However, to our knowledge, there are no data characterizing fluid biomarkers relevant to neurodegeneration or ADRD in baboons. We collected plasma (N = 139) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, N = 44) from captive baboons ranging in age from 3–19 years old. We characterized biomarkers as a function of age, sex, and rearing status in baboons using a bead-based bioplex human assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific’s Neuroscience 18-Plex Human ProcartaPlex™ Panel). Fluid biomarkers were more detectable in CSF compared to plasma. Additionally, while sex and rearing did not significantly predict biomarkers in baboons, age significantly predicted levels of eight of the 12 biomarkers detected in the assay. Linear regressions showed that CSF levels of total tau, pTau181, NGF-beta, GFAP, NF-H, and S100B were higher in older baboons, as were plasma levels of NGF-beta. Lastly, older baboons showed a higher incidence of co-occurrence of multiple biomarkers as measured in CSF, but not in plasma. These data show that baboons exhibit age-dependent changes in biomarkers used in humans for clinical screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of ADRD, thereby further demonstrating the value of baboons as a model of aging and, possibly, ADRD.
EEG theta and alpha oscillations during tactical decision-making: An examination of the neural efficiency hypothesis in volleyball
Authors: Kanatschnig Thomas , Schrapf Norbert , Leitner Lisa , Wood Guilherme , Körner Christof , Tilp Markus , Kober Silvia Erika
Published: February 2025

According to the neural efficiency hypothesis (NEH), individuals with higher expertise in a domain use their brain more efficiently when processing domain-specific tasks and show more efficient brain activity than individuals with lower expertise. In this study 64 participants with differing levels of volleyball expertise were recruited to investigate the NEH by means of a volleyball-specific tactical decision-making task. The participants, which were allocated to three different expertise groups (based on prior volleyball experience), saw videos of setting situations of real volleyball matches and were asked to predict the outcome of these situations. Behavioral performance and event-related de-/synchronization (ERD/S) in the EEG theta and alpha bands during the completion of the task, were examined. Our results show significantly higher prediction accuracy in relation to volleyball expertise. Significantly stronger theta synchronization, as well as alpha desynchronization were observed during the tactical prediction condition compared to a control condition. No significant group differences in theta or alpha ERD/S were observed. Descriptive examinations of theta and alpha ERD/S distributions, which revealed mixed results regarding support for the NEH, are discussed. Our findings provide new insights to the ongoing debate on how the NEH applies to the domain of sport.
Identification of early predictors and model for bacterial infection in diabetic ketoacidosis patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Hao Yaping , Yang Lei , Meng Xiaomei , Tang Yuxiao , Wang Liang
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this report was to identify effective indicators capable of predicting bacterial infection during the early stages of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and to establish a diagnostic model suitable for clinical application.

Methods

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Between February 2018 and May 2023, Yuhuangding Hospital admitted 101 DKA patients, of whom 45 were diagnosed with bacterial infections. A confirmed bacterial infection was defined as documented bacteriological evidence in any bacterial sample. Clinical parameters and biological markers (including cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, etc.) were recorded during the initial DKA phase. Multivariate regression analysis was employed to construct a diagnostic model.

Results

CRP (OR = 1.014, 95% CI: 1.002–1.026, p = 0.017) and cortisol (OR = 1.007, 95% CI: 1.002–1.012, p = 0.003) were found to have an independent association with bacterial infection in DKA patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for CRP in identifying bacterial infection was 0.855 (95% CI, 0.771–0.917), with a sensitivity of 76.1% and a specificity of 83.6%. The AUC for cortisol in identifying bacterial infection was 0.847 (95% CI, 0.761–0.911), with a sensitivity of 71.7% and a specificity of 89.1%. A joint diagnostic model based on cortisol and CRP was developed through multifactor regression analysis. The AUC of this diagnostic model was 0.930 (95% CI, 0.862–0.972), resulting in a sensitivity of 93.5% and a specificity of 80.0%.

Conclusion

CRP and cortisol are early indicators of bacterial infection in DKA patients. Furthermore, based on their combination, the regression diagnostic model exhibits enhanced diagnostic performance.
The importance of genetic counselling and testing in inherited eye diseases: A population-based retrospective study
Authors: Kaminer Abargel Michal , Macarov Michal , Hendler Karen , Yahalom Claudia
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Inherited eye diseases (IEDs) are among the main causes of visual impairment and blindness in children and young people worldwide. The objective of our study was to characterize the prevalence and distribution of the most common IEDs and causative genes in our population.

Study design

Retrospective study based on medical records of patients with IEDs who underwent genetic counselling through our multidisciplinary low vision center from 2018 to 2020.

Methods

Data retrieved from medical files included: year of consultation, age, gender, ethnicity, diagnosis, gene variants and mode of inheritance.

Results

228 patients were included in our study. The most common diagnoses were inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) (41.2%) and albinism (32%). In 2018 and 2019 the number of patients reaching out for genetic counselling was between 50 and 60; this number doubled by 2020. The rate of pathogenic variant detection was 65.3%. The most common genes identified were TYR (29.2%), OCA2 (7.9%), ABCA4 (5.3%), TRPM1 (5.3%) and USH2A (4.4%).

Conclusion

Genetic counselling and testing became an essential part of caregiving for patients and families affected by these severe IEDs. The most common IEDs were IRDs in the Muslim population and albinism in the Jewish population. Pathogenic variants in the TYR gene were the most common in our cohort, OCA2 gene was the second in frequency, followed by ABCA4, TRPM1 and USH2A genes. We detected an increasing trend over the studied time in the number of patients reaching out for genetic counselling.
Assessment of heavy metal pollution in sediments from the urban section of Yihe River, Linyi City, China
Authors: Deng Qinghai , Sun Guizong , Li Fuquan , Guo Lei , Shi Dan , Zhang Liping , Sun Zhenzhou , Yang Jingjing
Published: February 2025

The Yihe River is the largest mountain torrent river in Shandong Province, which plays an important role in flood control, irrigation and climate regulation. Due to the impacts of the upstream and urban domestic sewage, as well as industrial and agricultural wastewater, the Linyi City section of the Yihe River is expected to have a high risk of metal pollution. Sediments are the main reservoir and potential release source of metals (metalloid) in river systems. Assessment of metals in sediments can identify anthropogenic pollution. In this study, 25 sediment samples were collected from the Linyi City section of the Yihe River and its tributaries, and the concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the concentration of Hg was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). The pollution levels were evaluated by determining the contamination factor, pollution load index, geoaccumulation index, potential ecological risk assessment and toxicity risk index. Correlation analysis and absolute principal component-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) were used to conduct source apportionment. Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, As, and Hg were detected in all sediment samples. Overall, the concentration of metals (metalloid) in the sediments of the main stream of the Yihe River is mostly within the environmental background value, and the overall state is from no pollution to slightly polluted, while the tributaries of the Yihe River are in a slightly polluted state. Hg and Cd are the two main metal pollutants in the surface sediments of the study area, with the average content of 1.65 and 1.11 times the background value, respectively. Most areas of the main stream of the Yihe River are free of metal pollution, with low ecological risk and no toxicity risk. The ecological risks in the tributaries (Suhe River, Benghe River, Liuqinghe River) and the river center island (Yihe River North Island) are high and assessed as presenting low toxicity. Source analysis showed that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and As mainly come from natural sources and agricultural activities, while Cd, Pb, and Hg are mainly the result of transportation and industry. The results help us understand the distribution and pollution of metals (metalloid) in the river sediments, and also provide management support to local environmental management departments and relevant national departments.
Financial cost of assisted reproductive technology for patients in high-income countries: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Njagi Purity , Groot Wim , Arsenijevic Jelena , Mburu Gitau , Chambers Georgina , Calhaz-Jorge Carlos , Kiarie James
Published: February 2025

Background

Infertility affects one in six people globally, with similar prevalence rates across high-income and low- and middle-income countries. Technological advancements, particularly in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), have improved fertility treatment options. Although access to ART is presumed to be better in high-income countries (HICs), economic factors and eligibility restrictions could still impact effective utilization in these settings. Informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocols (PRISMA-P), this protocol outlines the methodological and analytical approaches to examine the ART costs paid by patients in HICs and the correlation with economic indicators and ART regulatory frameworks.

Methods

Following the PRISMA approach, we will search for articles indexed in PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Latin American & Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS). Grey literature from relevant organizations’ virtual databases will also be searched. The review will encompass studies published between 2001 and 2024, with the primary outcome being ART direct medical and direct non-medical costs, while secondary outcomes shall include ART financing arrangements. The review will synthesize ART costs, adjusting them to USD Purchasing Power Parity for cross-country comparison, and correlate findings with GNI per capita and ART financing policies. The Integrated Quality Criteria for Review of Multiple Study Designs (ICROMS) tool will be utilized to evaluate the quality of the included studies. We will conduct a meta-analysis if the studies provide sufficient cost-effect size estimates.

Discussion

The review findings will contribute to our understanding of the potential financial burden faced by (disadvantaged) individuals in HICs due to ART costs. Additionally, the review shall highlight the implications that ART financing policies have in enhancing access and affordability, offering valuable insights for healthcare planning and policy formulation. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal article and relevant international conferences.

Trial registration

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO number: CRD42023487655.
A novel multi-modal biometric authentication system with enhanced feature extraction using advanced mapped real transform
Authors: Panicker Lakshmi S , Gopikakumari R.
Published: February 2025

In contexts where security is a top priority, biometric authentication, which is the act of identifying a person using physiological or behavioral modalities—acquires critical importance. Facial image and speech are the two most popular biometrics for personal verification. This paper introduces a new audio-visual biometric recognition system for authenticating humans, using the sequency-mapped real transform for feature extraction. The performance of this new system is compared with previously published results of other systems that only use audio, video, or both. The proposed system demonstrates better performance metrics by utilizing the complementary strengths of both modalities and by employing a new transform that cuts down on computational complexity.