bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographical patterns of warehousing property market in Moscow agglomeration
Authors: Makushin M.A. , Goryachko M.D.
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the current trends in the warehouse real estate market development in Moscow and the Moscow region, the geography of large warehouses’ construction, the distribution density of the warehouse real estate in Moscow agglomeration. It is revealed that the most popular logistics destinations are the north-western (Zelenograd, Radumlya), southern (Domodedovo, BelyeStolby) and eastern (Balashikha, Noginsk) with the largest cargo flows and free areas for construction, as well as the Central Ring Road (Bely Rast, Sever-4), due to an increase in the movement speed along which the time of cargo delivery is reduced. Less busy destinations are south-western (Vorsino) and north-eastern (Sofrino, Pushkino). In the western (Istra) and northern (Dmitrov) directions, new storage facilities ap- pear mainly between the MKAD and the Central Ring Road due to relatively low transit cargo flows in these directions and the predominance of water and forest lands in the land use structure. It is noted that the logistical influence of the Moscow agglomeration extends beyond the Moscow region in the south- western (Obninsk), north-eastern (Pereslavl-Zalessky) and western (Gagarin) directions. The main con- clusions are supported by statistical information and mathematical estimates.
Identification of boundaries of urban vernacular areas based on online-data: case-studySanFrancisco
Authors: Patrusheva A.S.
Published: February 2023

This article focuses on the identification of one of the forms of territorial organization of society – vernacular region in urban area (UVR), case-study of San-Francisco. In the course of the study, was analyzed a wide layer of foreign and domestic sources of the concept of vernacular regions, as well as its various interpretations. Author made an attempt to distinguish between the concepts of «neighborhood» and «vernacular region in urban area». Relevance and innovativeness of this work stem from the use of volunteered geographical information (VGI) as a data source, exactly social network Instagram. In the course of the study, the main methodological approaches were formulated – one online method for determining the boundaries of the UVR was developed and described, and its advantages and dis- advantages were also identified. As a result, the boundaries of the San Francisco UVR are delineated. Also, the identified boundaries are compared with the administrative boundaries of the administrative districts of the city (neighborhoods). For clarity of this comparison, maps have been compiled. Visible discrepancies are analyzed, lacunas are found in the urban vernacular grid of San Francisco. At the end of the study, the author explains the similarities and differences between the two concepts of «neighbourhood» and «vernacular region in urban area», and also suggests which of the elevations is best suited for specific tasks.
Transformation of settlements pattern and school network in rural areas of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Egorov D.O.
Published: February 2023

Period 1970–2019 characterized by a decrease in the number of rural populations of the Republic of Tatarstan by 1.7 times with an increase in the urban population by 1.9 times. Depopulation processes in the rural periphery led to the transformation of settlement through changes in the structure of the network of rural settlements. Main trends: reduction in the total number of rural settlements; rapid polarization, i.e., an increase in the relative share and absolute number of the smallest rural settlements. This process is largely due to the loss of population by small and medium-sized rural settlements. There was a process of “flowing” of rural settlements from one category in terms of numbers to another, lower in rank. At this stage, only the number of large villages with a population of more than 1 thousand people is stable. Since the beginning of the 2000s. In Russia, the Program for Optimizing the Network of Educational Institutions began to be implemented. In rural areas of the Republic of Tatarstan, the most intensive restructuring of the school network has been carried out since 2008, and by 2015 the number of schools was approximately 46% of their number in the 2001/02 academic year. After 2015, there has been a noticeable slowdown in the network optimization process, with only a slight negative trend. The dominant factor established - the level of occupancy of students in an educational organization when deciding on its reorganization or liquidation provides a rationale for making a forecast for the further course of the transformation of the school network. If we take the occupancy rates of rural schools as conditional criteria, then as of today, about 57% of secondary and 53% of basic educational organizations do not enroll the required number of students.
Features of strategic planning for the development of the Russian Far East at the Federal Level
Authors: Klimanov V.V. , Kazakova S.M.
Published: February 2023

The article explores the socio-economic development challenges for the regions of the Russian Far East, as well as the peculiarities of the state policy in the framework of the organization of strategic planning. The idea is confirmed that the Far East lags behind the rest of Russia, and the Far Eastern regions are highly differentiated among themselves. Overcoming socio-economic problems is difficult due to the lack of a unified system of targets and goals of the Far Eastern policy. Over the past decades, strategic planning for the development of the Far East has undergone significant evolution. Initially it was aimed at transforming the economy and foreign economic activity, later it became less ambitious by reorienting towards improving the quality of life and solving the internal development problems. An analysis of all the state programs and strategic plans adopted (since 1987) for the development of the Far East has shown that the targets they set are unrealistic, and the efficiency of their implementation are low. A meaningful assessment of the current strategic planning documents indicates a low level of its consistency in terms of setting goals.
Key theoretical approaches for explaining the socio-economic inequality of cities in foreign studies
Authors: Medvednikova D.M.
Published: February 2023

The article presents a structured review of foreign theoretical approaches to explaining the inequality of cities in terms of socio-economic development. The purpose of the article is to fill the lack of knowledge about these approaches in the Russian-language scientific literature, as well as to popularize their use in Russian urban studies. The article shows that the bulk of theories explaining the emergence and dynamics of inter-urban inequality have been developed only since the 1970s–90s. The evolution of theories of inter-urban inequality poorly corresponds with the general course of paradigm shift in geographical research: although there is an increase in attention to the consideration of human factors in later theoretical approaches (as in the humanistic paradigm in geography), they do not prevail over approaches based on economic theories and continue to develop along with the last ones. Several economic theoretical approaches of the XX century get a new reading in the studies of the 2000s and 2010s (the theory of allometric scaling of cities, the theory of agglomeration advantages, etc.). The newest theoretical approaches of the 2010s–20s, in comparison with ones of the 1990s–2000s, are characterized by a concentration of attention on a smaller number of more specific factors (for example, regulation of the housing market, the implementation of «smart city» elements), the assessment of which requires the expansion of the use of qualitative methods. There is no dominance of any of the invented theories – both old and new theories are used by foreign authors in modern studies of intercity inequality. The emergence of new approaches in the 2020s underlines that the theoretical framework of research in the field of inter-urban inequality still continues to develop.
Transformation of territorial structure of domestic passenger air service in Russia in 1960s-1970s and 2010s
Authors: Sorokin O.V.
Published: February 2023

The article compares changes in the territorial structure of passenger air transportation in 1965–1975 and 2014–2018. The author’s method of assessing its change has been developed. The air directions are divided into 5 groups: with Moscow, St. Petersburg, with the airports of the most important resorts, interregional and intraregional. The development of the air transportation system in the Soviet and modern periods differs signifi both in groups and in terms of network-wide indicators – technological and economic. During the Soviet period, the polycentric structure became more complex than the modern monocentric one. In the modern conditions, the average distance of transportation continues to grow, which means that the territorial structure is stretching. In the structure of air transportation directions in the 2010sthere was an enlargement and concentration of passenger traffi which simplifi the view of the entire territorial structure of air transportation. Several transport directions begin to dominate in the structure of Moscow passenger airlines, in St. Petersburg air transportation, the share of Moscow is decreasing, in interregional transportation, the development of a hub air transportation system. The growth in passenger turnover of the largest air hubs and airports is also due to an increase in the number of transfer passengers; the structure of local airlines has simplifi due to the concentration of passenger traffi in the most remote and / or inaccessible directions for ground transport; it increases the average fl range.
The experience of studying the openness of regional parliamentarism institution in Russia
Authors: Pugachev A.N.
Published: February 2023

The article presents the author‘s approach to assessing the democracy of regional political regimes in Russia by analyzing the openness of legislative (representative) state authorities of the subjects of the Federation. A broad interpretation of the openness of the regional parliament is given, including the openness of decision-making process, legislative work, feedback from citizens, social accessibility of parliament, guarantees of equality of parliamentary parties on regional television, radio and the internal openness of parliament. The article presents the author‘s methodology for assessing the openness of regional parliaments, based on a comparison of their practices with the identifi practices of openness of the Federal Assembly, the totality of which the author proposes to consider as reference for the current level of political development of the country. The results of the calculations of the level of openness are analyzed both in criteria and in spatial dimensions. A comparison of the rating of regions by this indicator in 2020 and 2021 indicates a gradual increase in the openness of regional parliaments. At the same time, the author comes to the conclusion that the results obtained do not allow us to speak about a high level of openness of regional legislatures, since most of them demonstrate average indicators. The leaders of openness were also identifi who received maximum points, but still lag behind the level of openness of the Federal Assembly. At the same time, they demonstrate maximum performance in the areas of political openness, which allows us to speak of them as parliaments open to their voters.
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AS A MEANS OF INFORMATION COMPRESSION IN THE AMERICAN ELECTION DISCOURSE
Authors:   National Research Mordovia State University, Anashkina I.A. , Zizina A.A. ,   National Research Mordovia State University, Konkova I.I. ,   National Research Mordovia State University
Published: February 2023

Phraseological units are perhaps one of the most visible manifestations of language manipulation. Although phraseology has always been regarded as a powerful source of influencing people’s minds, relatively little is known about the way one perceives and interprets a phraseological unit which has accumulated a great deal of knowledge and experience of many generations since it was first implemented. This paper attempts to classify the types of this information compression bringing the American election discourse to the center of attention. Firstly, we identify phraseological units among various manipulative means, including those that were subject to any kind of transformation and, therefore, are difficult to detect. Secondly, we seek to categorize these phraseological units according to the “impression” they make on the addressee. Thus, the final stage of the analysis is to estimate which type of information compression via phraseological units is the most popular while manipulating. The findings reveal the enormous potential of phraseological units as a means of information compression to modify the behavior, views, and attitude to things as well as give an idea of something by making the addressee visualize it. The results show the latter’s significance in the information perception by the addressee.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARTS OF SPEECH FUNCTIONING OF IN BORIS RYZHY’S POETRY
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Babenko N.G. , Baranovskii P.S. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Published: February 2023

The article presents the results of counting and arranging parts of speech in Boris Ryzhy’s poems. The science article aims to identify and present an objective “part-of-speech picture” (as applied to nouns, adjectives and verbs) of Boris Ryzhy’s poetic idiolect. Within the framework of this research work was chosen the multifaceted approach that combines quantitative, interpretive and comparison and collation types of analysis. It is worth pointing out that the methodology of standardized data processing procedures was applied, as well as the comparative analysis of statistical results. Academic novelty involves the percentage of the main parts of speech in Boris Ryzhy’s poetical works and poems of other poets of the 19th and 20th centuries in the comparative aspect. The analysis results show that counting the main parts of speech is an effective method of studying poetic language. Statistical information can be used as illustrative and representative material in the study of the poetics and stylistics of lyrical texts.
LABYRINTHS OF MEMORY IN “ANIMAL TRISTE” BY MONICA MARON
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Bondareva L.M.
Published: February 2023

The article considers the results of the memory motive study in the novel of M. Maron, a modern German writer. The syncretic nature of memory is analyzed in terms of memory and forgetting as necessary components of this phenomenon. For this study, the process of purposeful ousting certain fragments connected to the late love story with a tragic finale, from the storyteller’s past, has been analysed. The selective nature of the nameless character’s retrospective activity is based on the desire to level out her commitment to the death of her beloved who betrayed her. The author concludes that the role of the forgetting leitmotiv in the text of the novel is forming.
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF PRAYER IN THE DIARY DISCOURSE OF L.N. TOLSTOY
Authors:   Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Tokarev G.V.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to analyzing ideas about prayer reflected in Leo Tolstoy’s diaries. The research has been carried out using methods of continuous sampling of diary notes dedicated to prayer, conceptual analysis aimed at highlighting its cognitive features, as well as private techniques for analyzing the semantics of a keyword. The study has revealed that records of prayer are found throughout the years of keeping a diary. Tolstoy understands prayer as a dialogue with God, as self-understanding. The article analyzes the features of the conceptualization of prayer, objectified by the compatibility of the keyword, and reconstructs the primary image of “Person”: figuratively, prayer is attributed to procedural features inherent in a person. They are characterized by positive connotative evaluation. It is proved that the categorization of prayer using an anthropomorphic cultural code is a consequence of implementing a communicative cognitive strategy. Tolstoy names the following functions of prayer: it helps to achieve harmony, avoid complex emotional states, makes a person strong, spiritually elevates them, protects them from the temptation to sin, helps in self-understanding. An essential aspect of the conceptualization of prayer for Tolstoy is the definition of the conditions for its performance. Tolstoy understands prayer exclusively as an intimate, non-church appeal to God. Tolstoy believes that prayer should be carried out with complete abstraction from everything mundane. Tolstoy warns against mechanical prayer. He completely denies the prayer asking for personal well-being. Tolstoy’s understanding of prayer is dissonant with the conventional one.
Psychological theories and models of suicide and suicidal behavior
Authors: Volarov Marija
Published: February 2023

According to the World Health Organization every 40 seconds, someone somewhere in the world dies from suicide. The number of suicide attempts that do not end with death is twenty times larger than the number of suicide deaths. For decades researchers have been developing theories and models aiming to explain why people kill themselves. At the same time, they are trying to provide tools for successful suicide prediction and to emphasize different psychological, social, and economic factors that we should target when planning prevention. However, even though there is a significant number of theories of suicide, suicide prevalence is telling us that our theories are failing, suggesting that we should probably change the approach to this phenomenon. This study represents a review of selected psychological theories and models of suicide that are addressing psychological processes that underpin suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. This paper covers psychoanalytic theories of suicide, diathesis-stress models of suicidal behavior, cognitive-behavioral models of suicide and suicidal behavior, complex (integrative) models and evolutionary theories of suicide and as such this paper represents a conceptual framework for understanding suicide from a psychological perspective.
Accompagnement et proximité
Authors: Hamisultane Sophie , Vidal Marjorie
Published: February 2023

Dans le domaine de l’intervention, si la pratique doit répondre à certaines normes, elle est une relation clinique, intersubjective et d’accompagnement. De fait, la proximité avec les usager.ère.s, au-delà d’une posture d’écoute, conduit à s’interroger sur la tension qu’elle produit entre dépendance et autonomie. L’accompagnement reste toujours une posture de l’incertitude ; l’intervenant.e utilisant aussi bien l’informel dans la relation clinique que le formel pour réduire ces incertitudes. Or le contexte de la pandémie due à la COVID-19 a redéfini cet espace informel. Cet article a pour objectif d’étudier les reconfigurations opérées pour reconstruire un espace informel dans un contexte d’intervention à distance. À partir d’une étude ethnographique menée dans un organisme communautaire de raccrochage scolaire, il s’intéresse plus spécifiquement aux tensions rencontrées par les intervenants.e.s durant la pandémie et aux leviers mobilisés pour les atténuer afin de préserver l’accompagnement et la proximité auprès des jeunes adultes (16-24).
Sécurité et proximité
Authors: Biddle-Bocan Charlotte , Grimard Carolyne
Published: February 2023

Les pratiques d’intervention destinées aux personnes en situation d’itinérance (PSI) ont longtemps été des pratiques de contrôle social. À ces pratiques asilaires se sont superposées dans les dernières années de nouvelles approches de soin (care) (Aranguiz et Fecteau, 2000 ; Astier, 2007 ; Paperman et Laugier, 2011 ; Tronto, 1993). Parmi celles-ci, les pratiques de proximité se démarquent dans la création de liens d’intervention significatif auprès des PSI (Fontaineet al., 2019). Toutefois, dans le contexte actuel de la pandémie de la COVID-19, avec la fermeture des services et les éclosions, les relations de proximité ont été mises à l’épreuve. De l’automne 2020, jusqu’au printemps 2021, de nouvelles super structures ont vu le jour afin de répondre aux besoins des PSI qui ne pouvaient plus être comblés pour diverses raisons, entre autres liées à la pandémie. Rappelant les formes de prises en charge asilaires d’un autre siècle, ces dispositifs s’éloignent de façon draconienne des pratiques d’intervention de proximité. En parallèle, les pratiques decaretendent aussi à être de moins en moins reconnues, voire remplacées. Cet article se veut une réflexion pratique et théorique sur la manière dont la pandémie a affecté les pratiques d’intervention de proximité destinées aux PSI.
Accesibilidad cognitiva: mejorar la experiencia de asistentes a eventos con trastornos del espectro autista
Authors: Moreno Clemente Carlos , Almécija Casanova Anna
Published: February 2023

Sin duda, uno de los grandes retos a los que se enfrenta el sector de los eventos es el de la accesibilidad universal. Los eventos, como motores de la sociedad, deben contribuir a la potenciación de valores como la accesibilidad cognitiva mediante la implementación de medidas y teniendo en cuenta factores comunicativos y operativos, facilitando así que toda la ciudadanía pueda participar en ellos. La búsqueda de esta inclusividad conlleva la necesidad de diseñar eventos marcando también como objetivo la plena participación de personas con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA).
Control of N atom content in Fe-Fe3N film with high saturation magnetization and low conductivity
Authors: Chen Zhen , Lan Ming-Di , Li Guo-Jian , Sun Shang , Liu Shi-Ying , Wang Qiang ,   Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China,   State Key Laboratory of Rolling Technology and Continuous Rolling Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China,   School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
Published: February 2023

Microelectronic devices have a wide range of application prospects. In order to make microelectronic devices that have excellent high-frequency characteristics, developing of soft magnetic films with high saturation magnetization, low coercivity and high resistivity becomes the key to the research. In this work, Fe-Fe3N soft magnetic films with different numbers of N atoms are prepared by radio-frequency atomic source assisted vacuum thermal evaporation. Among them, the RF atom source provides N atoms with higher chemical activity than N molecules, which reduces the formation energy between Fe atoms and N atoms. The vacuum thermal evaporation is beneficial to accurately controlling the growth rate, impurity concentration and composition ratio of multiple compounds of the film at the atomic level. The combination of the two Fe aom and N atom is easier to form nitrides with Fe atoms. Thus in this way the Fe-N films with stable structure are obtained. In the prepared Fe-Fe3N soft magnetic film, the introduction of N atoms makes the surface of the film more uniform, resulting in the increase of density. Compared with Fe, surface roughness is reduced by two times, and the crystallinity is obviously enhanced. Owing to the high saturation magnetization, the content of Fe3N phase is increased by 29% and the (102) orientation of Fe3N increases to 0.64. Therefore the directionality of the magnetic moment arrangement is improved. Comparing with Fe film, the saturation magnetization of the film is increased by 55.2%, reaching 1705.6 emu/cm3. In addition, with the increase of the (102) orientation of Fe3N, a large number of lattice mismatches are produced, which impedes the growth of Fe and Fe3N grains and reduces the grain size and anisotropy of the film. Thus the coercivity of the film decreases. The coercivity (50.3 Oe) is 68.6% lower than that of the Fe film. At the same time, the larger lattice mismatch results in the increase of heterointerface, which promotes the carrier scattering and increases the resistivity of Fe-Fe3N thin film. The resistivity (8.80 μΩ·m) of Fe-Fe3N thin film is 7 times higher than that of Fe thin film. Therefore, this research provides a new method for studying and developing soft magnetic films with high saturation magnetization, low coercivity and high resistivity.
Effect of strain and electric field on electronic structure and optical properties of Ga2SeTe/In2Se3 heterojunction
Authors: Sun Ting-Yu , Wu Liang , He Xian-Juan , Jiang Nan , Zhou Wen-Zhe , Ouyang Fang-Ping ,   School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China,   School of Physics and Technology, State Key Laboratory Of Chemistry And Utilization Of Carbon Based Energy Resources, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China,   State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, and Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Published: February 2023

Stacking two-dimensional materials into heterogeneous structures is an effective strategy to regulate their physical properties and enrich their applications in modern nanoelectronics. The electronic structure and optical properties of a new two-dimensional Janus Ga2SeTe/In2Se3 heterojunction with four stacked configurations are investigated by first principles calculations. The heterojunction of the four configurations is an indirect band-gap semiconductor with a type-II band structure, and the photoelectron donor and acceptor materials are determined by the polarization direction of two-dimensional In2Se3. The light absorption rises to 25% in the visible region, which is conducive to the effective utilization of the solar visible light. The biaxial strain can induce direct-indirect bandgap transition, and the applied electric field can effectively regulate the bandgap of heterogeneous structure. The bandgap of AA2 configuration increases monotonically from 0.195 eV to 0.714 eV, but that of AB2 configuration decreases monotonically from 0.859 eV to 0.058 eV. The band of the heterojunction always maintains the type-II structure under the two kinds of configurations. The heterojunctions under compressive strain show better light absorption capability in the visible region with shorter wavelength. These results reveal the regulatory mechanism of the Janus Ga2SeTe/In2Se3 van der Waals heterojunction electronic structure and provide theoretical guidance in designing novel optoelectronic devices.
Multiphasic value biases in fast-paced decisions
Authors: Corbett Elaine A , Martinez-Rodriguez L Alexandra , Judd Cian , O'Connell Redmond G , Kelly Simon P
Published: February 2023

Perceptual decisions are biased toward higher-value options when overall gains can be improved. When stimuli demand immediate reactions, the neurophysiological decision process dynamically evolves through distinct phases of growing anticipation, detection, and discrimination, but how value biases are exerted through these phases remains unknown. Here, by parsing motor preparation dynamics in human electrophysiology, we uncovered a multiphasic pattern of countervailing biases operating in speeded decisions. Anticipatory preparation of higher-value actions began earlier, conferring a ‘starting point’ advantage at stimulus onset, but the delayed preparation of lower-value actions was steeper, conferring a value-opposed buildup-rate bias. This, in turn, was countered by a transient deflection toward the higher-value action evoked by stimulus detection. A neurally-constrained process model featuring anticipatory urgency, biased detection, and accumulation of growing stimulus-discriminating evidence, successfully captured both behavior and motor preparation dynamics. Thus, an intricate interplay of distinct biasing mechanisms serves to prioritise time-constrained perceptual decisions.
Neural activity tracking identity and confidence in social information
Authors: Trudel Nadescha , Lockwood Patricia L , Rushworth Matthew FS , Wittmann Marco K
Published: February 2023

Humans learn about the environment either directly by interacting with it or indirectly by seeking information about it from social sources such as conspecifics. The degree of confidence in the information obtained through either route should determine the impact that it has on adapting and changing behaviour. We examined whether and how behavioural and neural computations differ during non-social learning as opposed to learning from social sources. Trial-wise confidence judgements about non-social and social information sources offered a window into this learning process. Despite matching exactly the statistical features of social and non-social conditions, confidence judgements were more accurate and less changeable when they were made about social as opposed to non-social information sources. In addition to subjective reports of confidence, differences were also apparent in the Bayesian estimates of participants’ subjective beliefs. Univariate activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and posterior temporoparietal junction more closely tracked confidence about social as opposed to non-social information sources. In addition, the multivariate patterns of activity in the same areas encoded identities of social information sources compared to non-social information sources.
The forgotten people: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a priority for the inclusion health agenda
Authors: Martyn Emily , Eisen Sarah , Longley Nicky , Harris Philippa , Surey Julian , Norman James , Brown Michael , Sultan Binta , Maponga Tongai G , Iwuji Collins , Flanagan Stuart , Ghosh Indrajit , Story Alistair , Matthews Philippa C
Published: February 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a significant global health threat, accounting for 300 million chronic infections and up to 1 million deaths each year. HBV disproportionately affects people who are under-served by health systems due to social exclusion, and can further amplify inequities through its impact on physical and mental health, relationship with stigma and discrimination, and economic costs. The ‘inclusion health’ agenda focuses on excluded and vulnerable populations, who often experience barriers to accessing healthcare, and are under-represented by research, resources, interventions, advocacy, and policy. In this article, we assimilate evidence to establish HBV on the inclusion health agenda, and consider how this view can inform provision of better approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. We suggest approaches to redress the unmet need for HBV interventions among excluded populations as an imperative to progress the global goal for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat.
Loss of aquaporin-4 results in glymphatic system dysfunction via brain-wide interstitial fluid stagnation
Authors: Gomolka Ryszard Stefan , Hablitz Lauren M , Mestre Humberto , Giannetto Michael , Du Ting , Hauglund Natalie Linea , Xie Lulu , Peng Weiguo , Martinez Paula Melero , Nedergaard Maiken , Mori Yuki
Published: February 2023

The glymphatic system is a fluid transport network of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) entering the brain along arterial perivascular spaces, exchanging with interstitial fluid (ISF), ultimately establishing directional clearance of interstitial solutes. CSF transport is facilitated by the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels on the perivascular endfeet of astrocytes. Mice with genetic deletion of AQP4 (AQP4 KO) exhibit abnormalities in the brain structure and molecular water transport. Yet, no studies have systematically examined how these abnormalities in structure and water transport correlate with glymphatic function. Here, we used high-resolution 3D magnetic resonance (MR) non-contrast cisternography, diffusion-weighted MR imaging (MR-DWI) along with intravoxel-incoherent motion (IVIM) DWI, while evaluating glymphatic function using a standard dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging to better understand how water transport and glymphatic function is disrupted after genetic deletion of AQP4. AQP4 KO mice had larger interstitial spaces and total brain volumes resulting in higher water content and reduced CSF space volumes, despite similar CSF production rates and vascular density compared to wildtype mice. The larger interstitial fluid volume likely resulted in increased slow but not fast MR diffusion measures and coincided with reduced glymphatic influx. This markedly altered brain fluid transport in AQP4 KO mice may result from a reduction in glymphatic clearance, leading to enlargement and stagnation of fluid in the interstitial space. Overall, diffusion MR is a useful tool to evaluate glymphatic function and may serve as valuable translational biomarker to study glymphatics in human disease.
Cortico-thalamo-cortical interactions modulate electrically evoked EEG responses in mice
Authors: Claar Leslie D , Rembado Irene , Kuyat Jacqulyn R , Russo Simone , Marks Lydia C , Olsen Shawn R , Koch Christof
Published: February 2023

Perturbational complexity analysis predicts the presence of consciousness in volunteers and patients by stimulating the brain with brief pulses, recording EEG responses, and computing their spatiotemporal complexity. We examined the underlying neural circuits in mice by directly stimulating cortex while recording with EEG and Neuropixels probes during wakefulness and isoflurane anesthesia. When mice are awake, stimulation of deep cortical layers reliably evokes locally a brief pulse of excitation, followed by a biphasic sequence of 120 ms profound off period and a rebound excitation. A similar pattern, partially attributed to burst spiking, is seen in thalamic nuclei and is associated with a pronounced late component in the evoked EEG. We infer that cortico-thalamo-cortical interactions drive the long-lasting evoked EEG signals elicited by deep cortical stimulation during the awake state. The cortical and thalamic off period and rebound excitation, and the late component in the EEG, are reduced during running and absent during anesthesia.
Epidemiological correlates of overweight and obesity in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Smith Mackenzie H. , Myrick Justin W. , Oyageshio Oshiomah , Uren Caitlin , Saayman Jamie , Boolay Sihaam , van der Westhuizen Lena , Werely Cedric , Möller Marlo , Henn Brenna M. , Reynolds Austin W.
Published: February 2023

Background

In the past several decades, obesity has become a major public health issue worldwide, associated with increased rates of chronic disease and death. Like many developing nations, South Africa is experiencing rapid increases in BMI, and as a result, evidence-based preventive strategies are needed to reduce the increasing burden of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity among a multi-ethnic cohort from the rural Northern Cape of South Africa.

Methods

These data were collected as part of a tuberculosis (TB) case-control study, with 395 healthy control participants included in the final analysis. Overweight and obesity were defined according to WHO classification. Multivariate linear models of BMI were generated using sex, age, education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes as predictor variables. We also used multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship of these factors with overweight and obesity.

Results

The average BMI in our study cohort was 25.2. The prevalence of overweight was 18.0% and the prevalence of obesity was 25.0%. We find that female sex, being older, having more years of formal education, having diabetes, and being in a rural area are all positively associated with BMI in our dataset. Women (OR = 5.6, 95% CI [3.3–9.8]), rural individuals (OR = 3.3, 95% CI [1.9–6.0]), older individuals (OR = 1.02, 95% CI [1–1.04]), and those with more years of education (OR = 1.2, 95% CI [1.09–1.32]) were all more likely to be overweight or obese. Alternatively, being a smoker is negatively associated with BMI and decreases one’s odds of being overweight or obese (OR = 0.28, 95% CI [0.16–0.46]).

Conclusions

We observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this study. The odds of being overweight and obese were higher in women, those living in rural areas, and those with more education, and increases with age. Community-based interventions to control obesity in this region should pay special attention to these groups.
Comparison of carbon content between plantation and natural regeneration seedlings in Durango, Mexico
Authors: Soto-Cervantes Jesús Alejandro , Corral-Rivas José Javier , Domínguez-Calleros Pedro Antonio , López-Serrano Pablito Marcelo , Montiel-Antuna Eusebio , García-Montiel Emily , Pérez-Luna Alberto
Published: February 2023

Forest plantations and natural forests perform a relevant role in capturing CO2 and reducing greenhouse gas concentrations. The objective of this study was to compare the diameter increment, biomass and carbon accumulation in a plantation of Pinus durangensis and a naturally regenerated stand. The data were collected from 32 circular plots of 100 m2 (16 plots in the planted site and 16 in naturally regenerated area). At each plot, the diameter at the base (cm) and height (m) of all seedlings were measured using a Vernier and tape measure, and a seedling was destructively sampled collecting one cross-section at the base of the stump. The annual ring-width increment of each sampled seedling was recorded to obtain its diameter at the base and estimate annual aboveground biomass and carbon accumulation through allometric equations. The response variables were evaluated using mixed-effects ANOVA models. Results indicated that there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) on annual tree-ring width growth, biomass and carbon accumulation. The plantation seedlings showed significantly higher growth rates, biomass and carbon accumulation at most evaluated years. After 7 years of growth the lines of current annual increment (CAI) and mean annual increment (MAI) in basal diameter for both the plantation and the natural regeneration have not yet intersected. Both forest plantations and naturally regenerated stands of the studied tree species may be suitable alternatives to promote CO2 capture and increase timber production.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DASHANG GUGGULU AND BILVADI KWATH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STHAULYA WITH REFERENCE TO OBESITY
Authors:   *,, Aggarwal Monica , Yadav Sujata
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Obesity results from excess calorie consumption and reduced physical activity in a person. Obesity is the commonest lifestyle disorder in the present urbanized world and is the 5th leading cause of global death and 2nd preventable cause of death next to smoking. Objective: to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Dashang Guggulu and Bilvadi Kwath in the management of Sthaulya. Methods and Materials: After approval from the IEC committee, an interventional study was carried out on obese individuals for three months by giving in 2 drugs in different groups, namely Dashang Guggulu and Bilvadi Kwath, comparing it with a third placebo group. Patients were evaluated on subjective parameters, anthropometric measurements, and lipid profile values. Result: On inter-group comparison, Bilvadi Kwath showed results in reducing body measurements like body weight and BMI. No changes in subjective symptoms except Javoparodha symptoms (loss of enthusiasm) and lipid profile were noted. Conclusion: Bilvadi Kwath was found to be more effective than Dashang Guggulu.
Sonographic Assessment of Maternal Portal Vein Diameter in Healthy Pregnancy in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Chibuzor Oriji Peter , Kelvin Kiridi Enefia , Enefia Kiridi Emily Gabriel , Chibundu Obiora , Uchenna Ugwoegbu Johnpatrick , Eseme Ubom Akaninyene , Yao Bosrotsi Panebi , Ojanerohan Addah Abednigo , Joel Abasi Isaac , Daniel Adesina Adedotun
Published: February 2023

Background: The portal vein is one of the main sources of blood supply of the liver. About three quarters of the liver blood flow is from the portal vein.

Objectives: To assess the mean normal portal vein diameter in healthy pregnant women, and correlate our observation with maternal age, parity and other baseline characteristics.

Subjects and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Radiology Units of the two tertiary health facilities, one secondary facility and one radio-diagnostic facility in Bayelsa State, South-South Nigeria, between April, 2022 and December, 2022. Data analysis was done using Statistical Product and Service Solutions for Windows® version 25, SPSS Inc.; Chicago, USA. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages) and Pearson product moment correlation were used for the analysis. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.

Results: Mean portal vein diameter was 10.43 ± 1.58 mm, and ranged from 7.5 mm to 14.0 mm. Maternal age (ɼ = 0.51; p – 0.001) and parity (ɼ = 0.47; p – 0.001) correlated fairly strong and significantly with portal vein diameter. Gestational age (ɼ = 0.21; p – 0.001) and estimated foetal weight (ɼ = 0.16; p – 0.001) were significantly related to the portal vein diameter.

Conclusion: This research has established baseline values for normal range of PV diameter in healthy pregnant women in the South-South region of Nigeria, and also revealed significant correlation of PV diameter with age, parity, gestational age and estimated foetal weight.
Slow and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers: Options for Improving Rice Productivity: A Review
Authors: Dhanushkodi V. , Priyadharshini T. B. , Baskar M. , Meena S. , Senthil K. , Maheshwari T. Uma
Published: February 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop not only in Asia but also in the entire world. Over the past several decades, conventional fertilizer application for rice has caused the loss of nutrients, which could lead to a series of environmental problems such as eutrophication and greenhouse effects. The emergence of slow and controlled-release fertilizers provides a new option for more efficient fertilization of rice. International Fertilizer Association (IFA) included controlled release fertilizers (CRFs), slow release fertilizers (SRFs), sulphur coated urea (SCU), stabilized nitrogen fertilizers (SNFs), WSFs, liquid NPKs, and chelated micronutrients and boron in their assessment study of the global market for special products. In India, the specialty fertilizers are categorized broadly as water soluble fertilizers, neem coated urea, fortified fertilizers, customized fertilizers (CFs), micronutrient fertilizers, and liquid fertilizers. Controlled-release fertilizers, such as sulphur and/or resin coated urea, can reduce N losses (e.g. nitrogen leaching, ammonia volatilization), while increasing N availability in plant and enhance rice grain yield upto 22.1% in rice. These, slow release controlled fertilizer increase crop yields by maintaining soil health over time.
Enhancing Fattening Lamb Performance with Spirulina platensis: Insights into Growth, Blood Metabolism and Antioxidant Status
Authors: Hanafy Ashraf
Published: February 2023

This study explained Enhancing Fattening Lamb Performance with Spirulina platensis: Insights into Growth, Blood Metabolism, and Antioxidant Status. 20 lambs. (7-8 months old, (45.0±0.5 kg) were randomly divided into two groups, with one group receiving a commercial diet and the second group receiving the same diet but with 1g/10kg B.W/day of Spirulina platensis powder. The lambs were weighed at various points during the 42-day experiment and results showed that Spirulina platensis supplementation improved body weight gain, blood parameters (hemoglobin, white blood cells, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, vitamin A, blood GSH, serum MDA), and reduced blood markers for liver damage (ALT, AST), glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The results suggest that Spirulina platensis has antioxidant properties and can improve growth performance in lambs.
Factors related to pregnancy in adolescence: reproductive profile of a group of pregnant women / Fatores relacionados a gravidez na adolescência: perfil reprodutivo de um grupo de gestantes
Authors: Pontes Brenda , Baptista Quitete Jane , De Carvalho Castro Rosana , Cordeiro Fernandes Gisele , De Jesus Laelma , Cardoso Teixeira Raquel
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: descrever o perfil reprodutivo de mulheres adolescentes participantes de um grupo de gestantes. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, documental e retrospectivo realizado através da ficha de cadastro de participantes de um grupo de gestante vinculado ao consultório de enfermagem de uma universidade pública federal do rio de janeiro em 2018. Resultados: analisou-se 59 cadastros. houve predominância de mulheres, jovens (71,2%); solteiras (72,3%); multíparas (56%); que tiveram cesárea como via de parto anteriormente (39%); no segundo trimestre de gestação (61%); tipo de pré-natal público (86,4%); desejando a via de parto vaginal (45,8%) e laqueadura pós-parto como método contraceptivo (30,5%),  participaram do grupo sem acompanhantes (79,7%) e desejam visita domiciliar pós-parto (78%). Conclusão: identificou-se a necessidade, fatores relacionados e vulnerabilidades em saúde reprodutiva com vistas a implementação de cuidados primários voltados à promoção da saúde, prevenção de agravos e detecção precoce.
Machine Learning Enables Multi‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Reconfigurable Terahertz Holograms with Cascaded Diffractive Optical Elements
Authors: Jia Wei , Lin Dajun , Sensale‐Rodriguez Berardi
Published: February 2023

Machine learning can empower the design of cascaded diffractive optical elements (DOEs) at terahertz frequencies enabling the realization of holograms with a tailored multi‐degree‐of‐freedom reconfigurable operation when altering either the number, spacing, rotational alignment, and/or order of the elements. This unprecedented control over the spatial terahertz light distribution can profoundly impact multiple terahertz applications such as signal multiplexing, imaging, and displays. This work demonstrates this multi‐degree‐of‐freedom control in structures fabricated through 3D printing employing low‐loss materials. The designs are validated through 3D finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations and experimental measurements, showing that, in all cases, the desired diffraction patterns are generated.