bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
μ-Opioid Receptors on Distinct Neuronal Populations Mediate Different Aspects of Opioid Reward-Related Behaviors
Authors: Severino Amie L. , Mittal Nitish , Hakimian Joshua K. , Velarde Nathanial , Minasyan Ani , Albert Ralph , Torres Carlos , Romaneschi Nicole , Johnston Camille , Tiwari Suchi , Lee Alex S. , Taylor Anna M. , Gavériaux-Ruff Claire , Kieffer Brigitte L. , Evans Christopher J. , Cahill Catherine M. , Walwyn Wendy M.
Published: August 2020

μ-Opioid receptors (MORs) are densely expressed in different brain regions known to mediate reward. One such region is the striatum where MORs are densely expressed, yet the role of these MOR populations in modulating reward is relatively unknown. We have begun to address this question by using a series of genetically engineered mice based on the Cre recombinase/loxP system to selectively delete MORs from specific neurons enriched in the striatum: dopamine 1 (D1) receptors, D2 receptors, adenosine 2a (A2a) receptors, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). We first determined the effects of each deletion on opioid-induced locomotion, a striatal and dopamine-dependent behavior. We show that MOR deletion from D1 neurons reduced opioid (morphine and oxycodone)-induced hyperlocomotion, whereas deleting MORs from A2a neurons resulted in enhanced opioid-induced locomotion, and deleting MORs from D2 or ChAT neurons had no effect. We also present the effect of each deletion on opioid intravenous self-administration. We first assessed the acquisition of this behavior using remifentanil as the reinforcing opioid and found no effect of genotype. Mice were then transitioned to oxycodone as the reinforcer and maintained here for 9 d. Again, no genotype effect was found. However, when mice underwent 3 d of extinction training, during which the drug was not delivered, but all cues remained as during the maintenance phase, drug-seeking behavior was enhanced when MORs were deleted from A2a or ChAT neurons. These findings show that these selective MOR populations play specific roles in reward-associated behaviors.
No Evidence for an Object Working Memory Capacity Benefit with Extended Viewing Time
Authors: Quirk Colin , Adam Kirsten C.S. , Vogel Edward K.
Published: August 2020

Visual working memory is the ability to hold visual information temporarily in mind. A key feature of working memory is its starkly limited capacity, such that only a few simple items can be remembered at once. Prior work has shown that this capacity limit cannot be circumvented by providing additional encoding time, whether providing just 200 ms or up to 1300 ms, capacity is still limited to only three to four items. In contrast, Brady et al. (2016) hypothesized that real-world objects, but not simple items used in prior research, benefit from additional encoding time and are not subject to traditional capacity limits. They supported this hypothesis with results from both behavior and the contralateral delay activity (CDA), an EEG marker of working memory storage, and concluded that familiar, complex stimuli are necessary to observe encoding time effects. Here, we conducted three replications of Brady et al.’s key manipulation with a larger number of human participants and more trials per condition. We failed to replicate their primary behavioral result (objects benefit more than colors from additional encoding time) and failed to observe an object-specific increase in the CDA. Instead, we found that encoding time benefitted both simple color items and real-world objects, in contrast to both the findings by Brady et al., and some prior work on this topic. Overall, we observed no support for the hypothesis that real-world objects have a different capacity than colored squares. We discuss the implications of our findings for theories of visual working memory (VWM).
MERCHANDISE DESIGN AS PT RADIO CHANDRA TARUNA PROMOTION
Authors: Trifandianto Ivan
Published: August 2020

Radio is one of the information media that is a daily food by the community. The existence of radio in people's lives certainly cannot be separated from the function of radio as a medium of information and for entertainment. In Semarang, there are a lot of private radios present to entertain entertainment and information, one of them is Chandra Taruna Radio (RCT FM) which is a seasoned radio in Semarang City. This radio is in the Bukitsari Region, Banyumanik, Semarang. In Semarang there are a lot of radio competitors who are competitors of Radio Chandra Taruna (RCT FM) itself. So there needs to be an effort, to build a corporate image and listener loyalty so that listeners can faithfully listen to RCT FM and attract potential advertisers on this radio. The aim of this study project is to produce a merchandise design, which illustrates the elements of the merchandise design that illustrates the role of RCT FM as a radio that provides information and entertainment. So that it can increase the attractiveness of prospective listeners and prospective advertisers and increase the loyalty of old listeners. The process of designing merchandise through several stages of the process of creating the sequence of pre-production processes, production processes, and post-production processes. The results of the design of merchandise PT. Radio Chandra Taruna based on its type namely, in the form of t-shirts, tote bags, tumblers, notebooks, mugs, hand fans, and key chains. With the design of this merchandise is expected to help PT. Radio Chandra Taruna built its self-image to the audience, added value, and made PT. Radio Chandra Taruna can compete with its competitors
Alterations in egg white-related genes expression in response to hormonal stimulation
Authors: Lee Minkyeong , Yang Changwon , Song Gwonhwa , Lim Whasun
Published: August 2020

The reproductive tract in avian females is sensitive to hormonal regulation. Exogenous estrogen induces immature oviduct development to improve egg production after molting. In this process, regressed female reproductive tract is regenerated in response to the secretion of estrogen. However, there is limited knowledge on the physiological mechanisms underlying the regulation of the avian female reproductive system. In our previous study, results from microarray analysis revealed that the expression of genes encoding egg white proteins is affected during molting. Herein, we artificially induced the molting period in chickens through a zinc-containing diet. Subsequently, changes in the expression of genes encoding egg white proteins were confirmed in the oviduct tissue. The levels of MUC5B, ORM1, RTBDN, and TENP mRNA were significantly high in the oviduct, and the genes were repressed in the regression phase, whereas these were expressed in the recrudescence phase, particularly in the luminal epithelium and glandular epithelium of the oviduct, during molting. Moreover, we observed that gene expression was induced in the magnum, the site for the secretion of egg white components. Next, differences in expression levels of the four genes in normal and cancerous ovaries were compared. Collectively, results suggest that the four selected genes are expressed in the female chicken reproductive tract in response to hormonal regulation, and egg white protein-encoding genes may serve as modulators of the reproductive system in hens.
Determinan Kinerja Anggaran pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah
Authors: Abdullah Syukriy , Junita Afrah
Published: August 2020

Budget performance is the basis for evaluating and assessing the quality of financial management and budgeting in government organizations, especially in local government’s agencies. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of budget size (TB), budget change (PB), and previous year budget variance (VS) on budget performance (KA) at agencies of Gayo Lues Regency. The sample in this study amounted to 44 work units of regional apparatus (SKPD) for fiscal year 2016-2017. Data analysis using multiple linear regression model. The results show that PB has no effect on KA, while TB and VS have negative effect on KA
Macroeconomic Determinants of Under-Five Mortality Rate in Nigeria
Authors: Agbatogun Kehinde Kabir , Sekinat Opeloyeru Olaide
Published: August 2020

This paper examined the macroeconomic determinants of under-five mortality rate in Nigeria between 1980 and 2017. The study was predicated on the Grossman analytical framework rooted in the human capital development theory. A macro-econometric model incorporating major macroeconomic variables in explaining under-five mortality health outcomes. ARDL bound test estimation technique that took into consideration error correction mechanism was used. Tests of the model’s reliability were carried out using unit root and co-integration tests. The influences of government health expenditure was significant, however both immunisation initiatives and health workers exerted an insignificant positive influence on under-five mortality rate. Thus, the study recommends policies targeted to improve Nigeria health system both in terms of creation of awareness relating to the service delivery and human capital development of the professionals in the sector to avert brain drain syndrome in the country.JEL Classification: J11, J13 How to Cite:Agbatogun, K. K., & Opeloyeru, O. K. (2020). Macroeconomic Determinants of Under-Five Mortality Rate in Nigeria. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.13751.
Does Oil Price Volatility Drive Household Consumption Expenditures in Nigeria?
Authors: Ogede Jimoh Sina
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates whether volatilities in oil prices influence consumer household consumption expenditure from 1995 to 2019, a period described in the literature by the weakening effect of oil price volatility on macroeconomic factors. The Vector autoregressive model's findings suggest that the unexpected changes in oil prices significantly influence household consumption expenditure in Nigeria. A one standard deviation unexpected for a change in oil prices corresponds to a 28.31 percent increase in Nigeria's consumption expenditure. Moreover, the decomposition of the variance did not affect the sign and significance of the household relationship between oil price volatility and consumption expenditure. The paper offers that the extent to which dependence on oil continues depends on the magnitude to which Nigeria's economies can continue developing alternative energy sources and improving energy conservation.JEL classification: D15, Q43 How to Cite:Ogede, J. S. (2020). Does Oil Price Volatility Drive Household Consumption Expenditures in Nigeria? Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 257-268. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.15498.
Characterization of chlorogenic acids (CGA) and nine isomers in an F2 population derived from Coffea arabica L.
Authors: Loaiza-Campiño Iván , Villegas-Hincapié Andrés , Arana Victoria , Posada Húver
Published: August 2020

Chlorogenic acids (CGA) and their isomers have been associated with sensory attributes of the coffee beverage such as acidity, astringency, and bitterness. They have been linked to coffee rust resistance and acknowledged as bioactive compounds due to their antioxidant power with benefits for human health. The total chlorogenic acids (TCGA) and nine isomers of three groups, caffeoylquinic acid or CQA (5-CQA, 4-CQA, 3-CQA),dicaffeoylquinic acid or diCQA (3,4-diCQA; 3,5-diCQA, 4,5-diCQA) and feruloylquinic acid or FQA (5-FQA, 4-FQA, 3-FQA) were determined in an F2 population of Coffea arabica from the crossbreed (Bourbon x Maragogype) x Timor Hybrid. TCGA contents were quantified by UV-VIS spectrophotometryand High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography - HPLC. The group of caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) represented 82% of the TCGA. From the diCQA, 4,5-diCQA showed lower contents, whereas the highest isomer was 3,5-diCQA. Results per quartile for TCGA-UV and for every isomer showed statistical differences among group averages per isomer. The populationbehaved as a parental Maragogype according to contents of 5-CQA, 3,5-diCQA, and TCGA-UV. TCGA contents were higher in the parental GQ956 derived from the Timor hybrid 832-1, with resistance to coffee rust. From the three groups, the first characteristic of parental Bourbon showed a higher concentration of diCQA and FQA; the second one showeda lower concentration of TCGA and CQA isomers and the third group higher TCGA and 5-CQA concentrations. This research allowed establishing the basis for plant selection in the F2 generation of C. arabica due to the TCGA content and isomers derived from CQA, diCQA, and FQA.
Effect of water deficit on some physiological and biochemical responses of the yellow diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Group Phureja)
Authors: Ariza Wilmar , Rodríguez Luis Ernesto , Moreno-Echeverry Darwin , Guerrero Carlos Arturo , Moreno Liz Patricia
Published: August 2020

Water availability is one of the main limitations of potato yields due to the high sensitivity of this crop to water deficit. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of water deficit on some physiological and biochemical responses in yellow diploid potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. Group Phureja) of the cultivars Criolla Colombia, Criolla Dorada and Criolla Ocarina. Plants at tuber initiation were subjected to two treatments: continuous irrigation and water deficit imposed by withholding water at tuber initiation for 17 d. The results showed that plants under water deficit increased chlorophyll concentration, malondialdehyde and proline content. However, these plants showed a decrease in stomatal conductance, leafarea, total dry mass and exhibited a higher root/shoot ratio in all potato cultivars. In addition, all the cultivars also showed a decrease in yield, which was associated with sensitivity to water stress. Although the high content of proline and high root/shoot ratio may be associated with tolerance to water deficit, this association was not observed in these cultivars, probably due to the high reduction of stomatal conductance, which limited the production of photoassimilates, plant growth, and,therefore, the yield.
Path correlation and Bayesian analysis on popping expansion components in popcorn hybrids
Authors: Ferreira de Oliveira Gustavo Hugo , Pelegrini Gabriela , Albuquerque De Oliveira Tâmara Rebecca , Nascimento Carvalho Maisa , Vitti Môro Gustavo
Published: August 2020

Knowing the cause and effect among two or more traits can help to increase the selection accuracy of superior genotypes. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the cause and effect relationship between expansion volume and kernel size in popcorn hybrids using path analysis and Bayesian network. A total of 41 popcorn hybrids were evaluated through a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replicates in the city of Jaboticabal, Brazil. The assessed traits were grain length (GL),grain thickness (GT), grain width (GW), caryopsis roundness index (CRI), mass of 50 grains (MG), and expansion volume (EV). Measurements were performed on individual grains, using three 50-grain samples from each plot. Pearson’s correlation coefficient, path analysis and Bayesian network were estimated. A negative correlation was detected among EV and the traits, except for GT. Path analysis indicated that MG has a direct and positive effect on EV and the negative correlation observed is mainly due to the indirect effects by GL and GT. Bayesian networks did not detect a direct association between kernel size and expansion volume while indicating that GT is the only trait that can affect popcorn flake size.
Characterization of eggplant producers in the Caribbean region of Colombia: socio-economic aspects and local production technology
Authors: Correa-Álvarez Ender Manuel , Martínez-Reina Antonio María , Orozco-Guerrero Alfonso Rafael , Silva-Acosta Gabriel Ernesto , Tordecilla-Zumaqué Lilibet , Rodríguez-Pinto María Del Valle , Grandett-Martínez Liliana María , Cordero-Cordero Carina Cecilia , Romero-Ferrer Jorge Luis
Published: August 2020

Eggplant represents one of the most widely accepted vegetables in the Colombian Caribbean region due to its cultural and socio-economic importance. In this region, 585 ha were cultivated with a production of 4,298 t, in 2018, grouping 900 growers and representing 93% of the national production. However, despite its representativeness, no characterization studies of the species are evidenced. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the socioeconomic, productive, and technologicalaspects linked to eggplant cultivation in productive areas from the Colombian Caribbean region. In that order, structured surveys were designed and applied. The information was analyzed through multivariate statistical methods, such as Gower’s distance and Ward’s hierarchical agglomerative clustering method. In general, the results revealed a low-medium technological level associated with eggplant production in thisregion of Colombia. Of the five groups identified, the highest level of schooling was found in groups GIV and GV, which also obtained the highest yields with 35 t ha-1 and 32 t ha-1, respectively. Sowings predominate in the month of April; this activity is related to the occurrence of precipitation in this period and the general lack of irrigation technologies by growers.
Pandemics and communication: an experimental assessment
Authors: Melo Carolina , Cabral Sandro
Published: August 2020

Abstract Communication is a key factor in containing a pandemic. Fragmented information may affect people’s perceptions and behaviors, especially in times of governmental miscommunication, potentially jeopardizing efforts aimed at containing the spread of the disease. To test whether and how people have been sensitive to broken information during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, we performed a randomized survey experiment on a sample of 571 respondents. We found that more pessimistic or more optimistic fragmented messages about the pandemic have no overall significant average effect on perceptions and planned behavior of the respondents. The exploratory analyses showed that particular sociodemographic groups are more sensitive to these fragmented messages. While less educated people react to more pessimistic messages with an increased likelihood to intensify prevention measures, people aged 60 or older - the high-risk group for COVID-19 complications - react to more optimistic messages with a reduced probability to intensify prevention measures. Besides providing insights to the public administration literature on disaster management, the results reinforce the need for governments to consistently centralize communication efforts to guarantee that people are equipped with complete and accurate information to form their perceptions and adequate their behaviors towards a health crisis.
O uso do ciberespaço pela administração pública na pandemia da COVID-19: diagnósticos e vulnerabilidades
Authors: Medeiros Breno Pauli , Goldoni Luiz Rogério Franco , Batista Junior Eliezer , Rocha Henrique Ribeiro da
Published: August 2020

Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19, por demandar isolamento social, impõe aproximação e coordenação de esforços de entes públicos e privados por intermédio da Internet e dos serviços digitais. O artigo analisa o uso e a operacionalização do ciberespaço pela Administração Pública no combate ao SARS-CoV-2 e apresenta um diagnóstico das vulnerabilidades e desafios referentes a essa crescente operacionalização. A administração pública passou a operacionalizar o ciberespaço com mais afinco a partir da década de 1990, com o e-government. Estratégias de coordenação (inter)governamental impostas pela atual conjuntura seriam impossíveis sem a intensificação da operacionalização do ciberespaço pelo aparato administrativo público, que transpõe para o domínio digital práticas e ações pouco usuais ou mesmo inéditas. Dada sua artificialidade, o ciberespaço só pode ser operacionalizado por detentores de meios para tal. A “democratização” cibernética esbarra na exclusão digital. O atual isolamento social evidencia desafios técnicos e socioeconômicos decorrentes da transposição do aparato de administração pública para o ciberespaço.
Digital complementary currencies and public policies during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gonzalez Lauro , Cernev Adrian Kemmer , Araujo Marcelo Henrique de , Diniz Eduardo H.
Published: August 2020

Resumo Programas de renda básica têm sido utilizados em todo o mundo como uma ferramenta para mitigar os efeitos adversos da crise da COVID-19. No Brasil, a implementação de iniciativas federais de renda básica emergencial (RBE) enfrenta um duplo desafio: a logística de distribuição de dinheiro e os critérios de elegibilidade dos cidadãos. No entanto, iniciativas de moedas complementares existem há muitos anos no Brasil, estando associadas especialmente aos bancos comunitários, os quais operam no nível local e possuem conhecimento mais aprofundado sobre as necessidades dos moradores. Este artigo analisa o uso de moedas digitais complementares no enfrentamento de desafios de distribuição de renda. Apresentamos o caso da moeda complementar digital Mumbuca E-Dinheiro, adotada pelo município de Maricá (RJ). Discutimos como esta iniciativa permitiu a distribuição de renda de forma rápida e segura com o objetivo de mitigar os efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Sugerimos que, no momento atual, a RBE poderia ser paga através do E-dinheiro, começando pelos municípios nos quais ele já atua e depois se expandindo para os demais. A interoperabilidade com outros atores do ecossistema de pagamentos e articulações com governos locais são medidas adicionais para dar escala ao uso das moedas complementares digitais no combate à crise do coronavírus.
The Food Acquisition Program (PAA) as a strategy to face the challenges of COVID-19
Authors: Sambuichi Regina Helena Rosa , Almeida Ana Flávia Cordeiro Souza de , Perin Gabriela , Spínola Paulo Asafe Campos , Pella Antônio Fernando Costa
Published: August 2020

Resumo Este artigo analisou o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) como ferramenta para mitigar os impactos econômicos e sociais da COVID-19 no Brasil. Para isso, foram realizadas projeções de investimentos e analisadas as condições de operacionalização do programa no momento atual. Foi adotada uma metodologia quanti-quali de análise. Na abordagem quantitativa, foram construídos cenários com projeções de investimentos na política pública; na qualitativa, realizaram-se entrevistas não estruturadas com atores-chave na execução do programa. Os resultados revelaram que o aumento de recursos investidos no programa em um cenário otimizado pode proporcionar ampla capilarização dos benefícios. Identificou-se que o PAA é estratégico para o enfrentamento aos efeitos negativos da COVID-19 porque escoa os produtos da agricultura familiar, o que promove estruturação de cadeias produtivas, acesso a novos mercados e indução ao dinamismo econômico, além de atuar no combate à fome e à miséria de famílias que vivem em situação de vulnerabilidade. O programa não só apresenta condições de operacionalização durante a pandemia da COVID-19, como tem se adaptado à realidade atual, seguindo protocolos estabelecidos pelas autoridades de saúde. Concluiu-se que o PAA pode minimizar as crises sanitária e econômica, principalmente para a população mais vulnerável, apresentando ações que vão ao encontro das demandas da sociedade civil organizada e de recomendações de organismos nacionais e internacionais especializados, visando à redução dos impactos econômicos e sociais da pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus.
The Implementation of Emergency Aid as an exceptional measure of social protection
Authors: Cardoso Bruno Baranda
Published: August 2020

Resumo O Auxílio Emergencial, instituído pela Lei nº 13.982, de 2020, é uma das maiores iniciativas do Governo Federal para minimizar os efeitos econômicos da pandemia do coronavírus (COVID-19) para a parte mais vulnerável da população, entres eles os beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e os inscritos no Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais do Governo Federal (CadÚnico), cidadãos que já tinham algum tipo de relacionamento com políticas de assistência social. Além desses, o benefício abrange também trabalhadores informais, autônomos e microempreendedores individuais (MEI). Com base na análise documental e por meio de observação direta, este estudo buscou delinear o processo de implementação do Auxílio Emergencial, no âmbito do arranjo estabelecido pelo Ministério da Cidadania (MC), através da abordagem da burocracia de nível de sistema.
Preparação e resposta a desastres do Brasil na pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Rodrigues Karina Furtado , Carpes Mariana Montez , Raffagnato Carolina Gomes
Published: August 2020

Resumo Como a crise em saúde pública causada pela pandemia da COVID-19 ajuda a compreender o funcionamento do Sistema Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil (SINPDEC) nas fases de preparação e resposta a desastres em saúde no Brasil? A resposta a essa pergunta se dará por meio do seguinte objetivo geral: compreender o funcionamento do SINPDEC no enfrentamento à COVID-19, com ênfase na atuação do Ministério da Saúde (MS), órgão gestor de combate às ameaças em saúde. Para tanto, três objetivos específicos serão explorados: caracterizar a (doença) COVID-19 como evento em saúde pública com potencial causador de desastre, situar os conceitos de preparação e resposta na literatura de governança de desastres e identificar previsões legais e funcionamento da gestão de desastres no Brasil. A despeito das tensões decisórias no âmbito político, a burocracia profissional brasileira conseguiu garantir a ativação do sistema de governança de desastres relativa às fases de preparação e resposta. Contudo, sua ativação não foi suficiente para aplacar a crise, cujo agravamento expõe falhas nas fases de prevenção e mitigação de desastres, bem como a falta de uma resposta ao desastre em âmbito federativo.
Disaster preparedness and response in Brazil in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rodrigues Karina Furtado , Carpes Mariana Montez , Raffagnato Carolina Gomes
Published: August 2020

Resumo Como a crise em saúde pública causada pela pandemia da COVID-19 ajuda a compreender o funcionamento do Sistema Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil (SINPDEC) nas fases de preparação e resposta a desastres em saúde no Brasil? A resposta a essa pergunta se dará por meio do seguinte objetivo geral: compreender o funcionamento do SINPDEC no enfrentamento à COVID-19, com ênfase na atuação do Ministério da Saúde (MS), órgão gestor de combate às ameaças em saúde. Para tanto, três objetivos específicos serão explorados: caracterizar a (doença) COVID-19 como evento em saúde pública com potencial causador de desastre, situar os conceitos de preparação e resposta na literatura de governança de desastres e identificar previsões legais e funcionamento da gestão de desastres no Brasil. A despeito das tensões decisórias no âmbito político, a burocracia profissional brasileira conseguiu garantir a ativação do sistema de governança de desastres relativa às fases de preparação e resposta. Contudo, sua ativação não foi suficiente para aplacar a crise, cujo agravamento expõe falhas nas fases de prevenção e mitigação de desastres, bem como a falta de uma resposta ao desastre em âmbito federativo.
Regulatory agencies in response to the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Guerra Sérgio , Salinas Natasha Schmitt Caccia , Gomes Lucas Thevenard
Published: August 2020

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as respostas das agências reguladoras federais para o enfrentamento da crise de saúde pública gerada pelo novo coronavírus. Parte-se do entendimento de que a avaliação empírica dos padrões de resposta evidenciados pelas agências durante a crise da COVID-19 cumpre um papel importante no aprimoramento da função pública. Em primeiro lugar, porque oferece subsídios para que a própria atividade regulatória se adapte de forma mais célere às necessidades do atual momento de crise. Em segundo, porque o contexto excepcional gerado pela pandemia coloca em evidência alguns traços essenciais da atividade regulatória: suas condições de exercício e funcionalidades, suas limitações e potencialidades e, sobretudo, sua importância para a minimização de danos em cenários marcados por instabilidade estrutural. Os dados utilizados no presente estudo foram extraídos do Diário Oficial da União (DOU) e dos sítios eletrônicos das 11 agências reguladoras federais. Para a presente análise, foram selecionadas apenas as medidas com efetivo impacto regulatório sobre o setor regulado. Identificamos uma significativa heterogeneidade no volume de respostas das agências, em parte relacionada a diferenças setoriais, mas sobretudo decorrente de assimetrias na capacidade institucional desses órgãos. Identificamos também uma heterogeneidade no conteúdo das respostas das agências a problemas regulatórios semelhantes, evidenciando falhas de coordenação regulatória que precisam ser urgentemente solucionadas.
Combate à COVID-19 sob o federalismo bolsonarista: um caso de descoordenação intergovernamental
Authors: Abrucio Fernando Luiz , Grin Eduardo José , Franzese Cibele , Segatto Catarina Ianni , Couto Claúdio Gonçalves
Published: August 2020

Resumo Este artigo analisa como o federalismo brasileiro tem afetado o combate à COVID-19. Tendo por base uma análise histórico-institucional do caso brasileiro, busca-se compreender como o modelo federativo construído pelo governo Bolsonaro influenciou as respostas ao combate da pandemia no país, bem como os resultados do confronto de dois modelos federativos nesse processo. De um lado, o ideário e as estruturas institucionais da Constituição de 1988 com características cooperativas e forte coordenação federal. De outro, o federalismo bolsonarista baseia-se numa visão dualista de relações intergovernamentais, com menor participação da União na redução de desigualdades territoriais e no apoio a governos subnacionais, além da postura centralizadora e hierárquica nas questões de impacto nacional. O estudo mostra que o federalismo bolsonarista aumentou o conflito com governos subnacionais e tem descoordenado políticas públicas de enfrentamento à pandemia. Conclui-se que as crises sanitária e federativa caminham juntas e trazem à tona uma questão chave: a importância da coordenação governamental nas políticas públicas de enfrentamento à pandemia.
From the Gutenberg Bible to COVID-19
Authors: Leal Carlos Ivan Simonsen
Published: August 2020

Resumo O mundo após a COVID-19 será diferente do mundo de antes, não apenas do ponto de vista dos desafios econômicos, mas também na perspectiva da geopolítica. A globalização tenderá a ser revertida, com claras implicações para a posição dos vários países. O fenômeno da expansão do uso generalizado da tecnologia da informação marcará a dinâmica de vários países, inclusive do Brasil. A academia precisa refletir sobre estratégias de longo prazo para criar empregos e sustentar a empregabilidade enquanto a estrutura da economia se modifica.
HUGO DE SAINT-VICTOR: HISTÓRIA, MEMÓRIA E ORDENAÇÃO NOS ESTUDOS
Authors: SANTOS VIANA ANA PAULA DOS , OLIVEIRA TEREZINHA
Published: August 2020

RESUMO: Neste artigo, apresentam-se algumas reflexões sobre a sistematização do saber encontrada em duas obras do mestre medieval Hugo de Saint-Victor (1096-1141): Didascalicon, da arte de ler e De sacramentis christianae fidei. O objetivo principal do texto é mostrar como esse pensador atribuiu importância à história e à memória no ensino dos estudantes da Escola da Abadia de Saint-Victor, tendo em vista sua finalidade primordial: a sapiência. Quando se estuda a História da Educação, compreende-se que a reflexão sobre valores, independentemente de seu período histórico de elaboração, é pertinente à formação humana. Assim, entende-se que passado e presente estão relacionados e que, sem essa percepção, não é possível compreender as prioridades educacionais em distintos momentos históricos. Ao desprezar a memória e o conhecimento histórico, uma civilização caminha desnorteada, pois, quando não se conhece o passado, não se tem consciência do presente e não se tem perspectiva de futuro.
Evaporative cooling system for gestating and lactating sows: a systematic review
Authors: Mendes Melissa Fabíola dos Santos Alves , Oliveira David Henrique de , Cruz Fábio Loures , Mendes Múcio André dos Santos Alves , Ribeiro Bruna Pontara Vilas Boas , Ferreira Rony Antônio
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT: Climatic characteristics of the production sites of pigs influence the yield of the system, with breeding sows being a category extremely sensitive to high temperatures, especially when their upper critical temperature is reached. This review evaluated the effects of the evaporative cooling system on environmental, physiological and performance parameters in breeding sows. By means of this review, a bibliographic search was performed using the following keywords: sow; swine; gilt and pig combined individually with the expression ‘evaporative cooling’. A total of 11 papers met the prerequisites determined to compose the systematic review and the studies involved gestating and lactating sows maintained in environments that presented ambient temperatures between 21.5 and 34.8 °C and relative humidity between 32.2 and 84.2%. The evaporative cooling system was used in order to cool the macro or micro environment. It can be concluded that the use of evaporative cooling system promotes increase in feed intake per lactating sow, decrease in weight loss in lactation, increase of weight of piglets at weaning, temperature reduction of the barns and decrease of the respiratory rate of the sows. For gestating sows, no changes in reproductive performance were reported.
Contractual arrangements in the cattle beef chain: an analysis of trust
Authors: Colares-Santos Lechan , Shanoyan Aleksan , Schiavi Sandra Mara de Alencar
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, the conflict between cattlemen and the slaughterhouse industry is evident and historic in the beef cattle Agribusiness System, in which opportunistic behavior is commonplace. Accordingly, the role of trust is significant in trade decisions, which makes the analysis of trust in the construction process of governance structure an important factor. The present article aimed to identify the influence of trust in selecting the contractual arrangement in transactions between cattle ranchers and abattoirs. This qualitative and descriptive study used semi-structured interviews, done in loco, along with 30 beef cattle ranchers and five abattoirs in the west of São Paulo State. It was observed that transactions involve opportunistic behavior, and that trust is critical in selecting the contractual arrangement.
Combining ability between common bean gene groups for root distribution trait
Authors: Cerutti Paulo Henrique , Grigolo Sibila , Melo Rita Carolina de , Fioreze Ana Carolina da Costa Lara , Guidolin Altamir Frederico , Coimbra Jefferson Luís Meirelles
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT When different gene groups are combined by hybridization, the expression of predominant genes for a trait must be known. This understanding is fundamental to the decisions made by breeders in the stages of cultivation and selection of segregating populations during the breeding program. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of combining ability and gene action for the root distribution traits of the Andean and Mesoamerican common bean gene groups. Six common bean parents from the Andean and Mesoamerican groups were hybridized in a complete diallel mating scheme, resulting in 30 F1 hybrids. The parents and hybrids were planted in the field in a simple lattice design. The target trait was root distribution, calculated as the relative number of roots in the topsoil. The effect of the general combining ability was significantly higher than that of the specific combining ability (58%) and the reciprocal effect (41%). Particularly, the combination estimates were modified according to the order of the gene groups used. The combinations IPR Uirapuru x BAF53 (Mesoamerican x Andean), BAF53 x CBS14 (Andean x Andean), and CBS14 x IPR Uirapuru (Andean x Mesoamerican) mainly exhibited an increase in the mean root distribution. However, the highest fraction of genetic variance correlated with additive components (60%), even in crosses involving different gene groups. Consequently, the additive gene action was predominant in the expression of root distribution trait in common bean, irrespective of the gene group used.
Brazilian cheese bread rolls from fermented and native waxy maize starch
Authors: Teixeira Camila Souza , Neves Glenda Antonia da Rocha , Oliveira Tatianne Ferreira de , Caliari Márcio , Soares Júnior Manoel Soares
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Brazilian cheese bread (CB) rolls are gluten-free bread made from sour cassava starch. They are soft in the center and have crispy crust, reminding of the extruded structure. Although native waxy maize starch (WMS) has higher technologic quality, it has not been used in CB rolls; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the use of WMS and the backslopping fermentation process plus sun drying in WMS to replace sour cassava starch (0, 25%, 75%, and 100%) and the effects on dough development, color, and textural properties. Data were analyzed using variance and Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05%), and the results were set against a commercial product from cassava starch. The better formulation was characterized by proximal composition, sensorial acceptance, and willingness to buy, and data were presented as means and standard deviation. The different statistic parameters included color to redness coordinate, baking expansion capacity, specific volume, hardness, fracturability, and chewiness. The best formulation had 100% of sundried WMS and was microbiologically safe. The proximal composition had lower values than that obtained from the Brazilian Food Database. The product was considered satisfactory as it had a score of more than 7.79 to texture, appearance, and flavor with higher willingness to buy (92.5%). The backslopping fermentation plus SWMS was considered a potential replacement for sour cassava starch.
Pandemia da Covid 19: refletindo as vulnerabilidades a luz do gênero, raça e classe
Authors: Estrela Fernanda Matheus , Soares Caroline Fernandes Soares e , Cruz Moniky Araújo da , Silva Andrey Ferreira da , Santos Jemima Raquel Lopes , Moreira Tânia Maria de Oliveira , Lima Adriana Braitt , Silva Márcia Gomes
Published: August 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é refletir os impactos da COVID 19, considerando marcadores de gênero, raça e classe. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, com ênfase na análise de publicações selecionados, a partir de procura sistematizada em sites oficiais, bem como na plataforma PubCovid-19 que apresenta os artigos publicados sobre COVID-19, os quais estão indexados nas Pubmed e EMBASE. O trabalho foi pautado nos referidos documentos e construído com reflexões dos autores a partir das perspectivas dos marcadores sociais relacionados à gênero, raça e classe, os quais contribuem para o prognóstico da doença. A reflexão realizada com base na literatura analisada revelou que os marcadores de gênero, classe e raça se apresentam enquanto condição vulnerabilizadora à exposição da COVID-19 nos mais diversos cenários mundiais. Esse contexto descortina a necessidade histórica da implantação de estratégias de melhoria de vida dessa população não só durante a pandemia, como também após sua passagem. Para tanto, necessário se faz a adoção de políticas socioeconômicas de maior impacto na vida dessas pessoas e com maior abrangência, ampliando o acesso a melhores condições de saúde, educação, moradia e renda.
A urgência da Saúde Coletiva na formação em Educação Física: lições com o COVID-19
Authors: Loch Mathias Roberto , Rech Cassiano Ricardo , Costa Filipe Ferreira da
Published: August 2020

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 gerou diversas polêmicas na área da saúde, particularmente sobre as medidas de isolamento social, entendida como uma das estratégias mais eficazes para reduzir a propagação do vírus. A área da Educação Física (EF) se envolveu nessas discussões, por meio de posicionamentos contraditórios de profissionais, sociedades científicas e entidades de classe a respeito da reabertura das academias de ginástica em plena pandemia. Entendemos que alguns destes discursos revelaram importantes fragilidades com relação à aproximação aos conhecimentos básicos de saúde, como aqueles relativos à epidemiologia e medidas sanitárias. Buscamos neste ensaio, sem a intenção de esgotar o assunto ou realizar receituário acadêmico, sustentar nossa posição a respeito da urgência da aproximação da formação em EF com o campo da Saúde Coletiva, bem como apresentar algumas proposições para que ela, de fato, aconteça. Defendemos assim uma formação que favoreça uma visão mais ampliada da saúde, que possibilite que profissionais e professores compreendam a relação potencial entre a EF e a saúde, mas que ao mesmo tempo reconheçam que a atividade física não é uma panaceia e que a saúde humana tem muitos outros determinantes e condicionantes.
Covid-19: perspectives and initiatives in older adults health context in Brazil
Authors: Pegorari Maycon Sousa , Ohara Daniela Gonçalves , Matos Areolino Pena , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes
Published: August 2020

Abstract This article provides information about COVID-19, contextualizing the national and international scenario, with an emphasis on the health of the elderly. Perspectives and initiatives for this risk group are presented, reinforcing the need to consider the aging process and not just age as the main marker in the approach of this population.
Determinants of physical distancing during the covid-19 epidemic in Brazil: effects from mandatory rules, numbers of cases and duration of rules
Authors: Moraes Rodrigo Fracalossi de
Published: August 2020

Abstract During the covid-19 pandemic, physical distancing is being promoted to reduce the disease transmission and pressure on health systems. Yet, what determines physical distancing? Through a panel data analysis, this article identifies some of its determinants. Using a specifically built index that measures the strictness of physical distancing rules in the 27 Brazilian states, this paper isolates the effect of mandatory physical distancing rules from other potential determinants of physical distancing. The article concludes that physical distancing is influenced by at least three variables: the strictness of mandatory physical distancing rules, the number of confirmed cases of covid-19, and the duration of rules. Evidence also indicates that the effect of physical distancing measures is relatively stronger than that of the number of cases –physical distancing is determined proportionally more by mandatory policies than people’s awareness about the severity of the epidemic. These results have at least two policy implications. First, governments should adopt mandatory measures in order to increase physical distancing – rather than expect people to adopt them on their own. Second, the timing of adopting them is important, since people are unlikely to comply with them for long periods of time.
As Interfaces e as “Balas de Prata”: Tecnologias e Políticas
Authors: Guimarães Reinaldo
Published: August 2020

Resumo O texto discute modos de compreensão de ocorrências sanitárias complexas, como a pandemia envolvendo o SARS-CoV-2. Entende que a simplificação do problema ao ponto de valorizar exclusivamente os desfechos dessas ocorrências à existência de um patógeno e um humano suscetível diminui em muito a efetividade das estratégias de mitigação. Sustenta a necessidade de enfatizar as interfaces que estão presentes na construção da complexidade pandêmica e as compreende como elementos centrais no seu enfrentamento. Compreende essas interfaces como elementos estruturais do processo e relativiza as estratégias simplificadoras expressas em “balas de prata”, mormente produtos industriais. Finalmente, circunscreve esse ponto de vista ao exame da interface entre as tecnologias industriais de saúde e as variáveis políticas que modulam o acesso da população àqueles produtos.
EPICOVID19 protocol: repeated serological surveys on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Brazil
Authors: Hallal Pedro Curi , Barros Fernando C , Silveira Mariângela Freitas , Barros Aluísio Jardim Dornellas de , Dellagostin Odir Antonio , Pellanda Lúcia Campos , Struchiner Claudio José , Burattini Marcelo Nascimento , Hartwig Fernando Pires , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Horta Bernardo Lessa , Victora Cesar Gomes
Published: August 2020

Abstract The first case of COVID-19 was reported in China in December 2019, and, as the virus has spread worldwide, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. Estimates on the number of COVID-19 cases do not reflect it real magnitude as testing is limited. Population based data on the proportion of the population with antibodies is relevant for planning public health policies. We aim to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, presence of signs and symptoms of COVID-19, and adherence to isolation measures. A random sample comprising 133 sentinel cities from all states of the country will be selected. Three serological surveys, three weeks apart, will be conducted. The most populous municipality in each intermediate region of the country, defined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, was chosen as sentinel city. In each city, 25 census tracts will be selected, and 10 households will be systematically sampled in each tract, totaling 33,250 participants. In each household, one inhabitant will be randomly selected to be interviewed and tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, using WONDFO SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test. By evaluating a representative sample of Brazilian sentinel sites, this study will provide essential information for the design of health policies.
Práticas profissionais em situações de violência na atenção domiciliar: revisão integrativa
Authors: Maia Mariana Almeida , Silva Marina Aparecida Chrispim , Paiva Ana Carolina de Oliveira , Silva Doane Martins da , Alves Marília
Published: August 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever as práticas de profissionais de saúde em situações de violência nos cuidados da Atenção domiciliar. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada entre dezembro de 2016 e dezembro de 2017 nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE. A amostra foi composta por 15 artigos, organizados e caracterizados de acordo com autor, periódico de publicação, país, ano, título, método, ideia central, categoria e nível de evidência. As situações de violência mais encontradas foram abuso em idosos e crianças e violência doméstica em mulheres e crianças. Práticas distintas foram adotadas nas situações de violência contra os pacientes, como intervenções, notificações, orientação, e capacitação profissional. As práticas dos profissionais na atenção domiciliar focalizam ações de cuidado dos pacientes, buscando minimizar os efeitos da violência.
O Índice de Capital Humano: um desafio para o Brasil
Authors: Costa Nilson do Rosário , Fonseca Elize Massard da
Published: August 2020

Resumo O artigo discute o Índice de Capital Humano (ICH) proposto pelo Banco Mundial em 2018 para avaliar o desempenho das áreas de saúde e educação de 157 países. A situação do Brasil é comparada com sociedades com sistemas de proteção social institucionalizados. Demonstra-se que a condição do Brasil no ICH é sofrível em função do baixo desempenho do setor educacional e da falta de controle da violência sobre os jovens.