bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to perform a percutaneous cecal or colonic trocarization in horses with severe abdominal tympany
Authors: Schroeder Eric L. , Gardner Alison K. , Mudge Margaret C.
Published: January 2022

Background

Cecal or colonic gas tympany of any cause may result in increased intraabdominal pressure, causing a significant decrease in venous return and cardiac output. Trocarization of the large colon or cecum in the event of large intestinal tympany may resolve gas distension and accompanying increased intraabdominal pressures sufficiently enough to promote resolution of a displaced large colon. Furthermore, trocarization of the medical colic may decrease morbidity and mortality associated with severe intraabdominal hypertension.

Description

This how‐to description details the technique of transcutaneous trocarization of the large colon and cecum in the standing horse using a 14‐gauge catheter.

Trocarization is not a substitute for surgery in the severely gas‐distended painful horse exhibiting signs of colic that require surgery; however, it is a viable medical therapy with minimal risk that alleviates gas distention and may assist with correction of a colonic displacement in the horse.

Key points

The majority of colic episodes involving the large colon can be managed medically without surgical intervention.

Auscultation and percussion of the paralumbar fossa area will solicit an audible “ping” (gas/fluid interface), thus targeting the appropriate site for trocarization.

Percutaneous trocarization allows for rapid controlled decompression of colonic or cecal tympany, permitting improvement of both ventilation and perfusion.

In situations where a displacement or primary colonic or cecal tympany is suspected, trocarisation is deemed successful if the horse has resolution of colic signs and the physical examination parameters return to normal.

Trocarization may be clinically advantageous by requiring less pain medication, decreased time in the hospital, decreased costs, and avoidance of surgical intervention; yet, this therapy should not take place of surgical intervention if deemed necessary.
Pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Kuo Kendon , Palmer Lee
Published: January 2022

Background

Hemorrhagic shock is a common condition that may lead to hemodynamic instability, decreased oxygen delivery, cellular hypoxia, organ damage, and ultimately death.

Clinical importance

This review addresses the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock can be rapidly fatal and is the leading cause of death in human trauma patients. Understanding the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock is imperative in understanding the current hemostatic and resuscitative strategies and is foundational to the development of new therapeutic options.

Key Points

Shock is a state of inadequate cellular energy production and can be triggered by many causes

Both traumatic and non‐traumatic causes of hemorrhage can lead to the development of hemorrhagic shock

Prompt recognition and attenuation of hemorrhage is paramount in preventing the onset or potentiation of hemorrhagic shock

Acute hemorrhage produces distinct physiological responses depending on the magnitude and rate of hemorrhage.

Hemorrhagic shock may be directly related to the initial injury but may also be exacerbated and complicated by a post‐traumatic coagulopathy, termed acute traumatic coagulopathy
Indications and outcome associated with positive‐pressure ventilation in dogs and cats: 127 cases
Authors: Cagle Laura A. , Hopper Kate , Epstein Steven E.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To determine the indications and outcomes of positive‐pressure ventilation (PPV) and identify factors associated with successful weaning.

Design

Retrospective study from October 2009 to September 2013.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

One hundred and eleven dogs and 16 cats.

Measurements and Main Results

Medical records were retrospectively reviewed; signalment, indication for PPV, patient characteristics, blood gas, and ventilator variables during PPV, duration of PPV, and outcome were recorded. Dogs were most commonly ventilated for pneumonia (36/111; 32%) and cats for multiple pulmonary diseases (8/16; 50%). The median duration of PPV for all animals was 25.7 h (range, 0.1–957 h). Long‐term PPV (≥24 h) was performed in 53% of cases. No differences were noted in successful weaning rates between cases ventilated for pulmonary etiologies (23/99; 23%) versus nonpulmonary etiologies (9/28; 32%). Overall, 32 of 127 (25%; 30 dogs, 2 cats) animals were successfully weaned from PPV and 28 of 127 (22%; 26 dogs, 2 cats) survived to hospital discharge. Long‐term ventilation had a higher likelihood of successful weaning (26/67 [39%] vs 6/60 [10%],P = 0.0002) and higher rates of survival to discharge (23/67 [34%] vs 5/60 [8%],P = 0.0005) than short‐term ventilation. Animals with higher Pao2/Fio2and Spo2/Fio2and lower APPLE and SOFA scores on day 1 of PPV were more likely to be weaned (P < 0.03).

Conclusions

The outcome of PPV appears to be most heavily determined by the underlying disease process and no clear improvement in outcome could be demonstrated in this study, despite advances in veterinary critical care and ventilator management strategies since previous studies. Dogs and cats receiving PPV for more than 24 h in this study had a higher likelihood of a positive outcome. Several indices of oxygenation and illness severity at the onset of PPV were predictive of outcome and maybe useful when considering prognosis of these cases.
A Qualitative Study on Occupational Therapy Students’ Perceptions of Using Keyform Maps
Authors: Sears Cynthia L , Egan Brad E
Published: January 2022

A keyform map is an innovative tool, derived from Rasch analyzed measures, that reveals the relationship of a client to the item challenges on an assessment to reflect more clearly what the client can and cannot do. These maps offer increased ease and efficiency when using standardized evaluation measures. Keyform map use has been studied in clinical occupational therapy practice. Their use in occupational therapy education, however, has not been studied which creates a potential gap with the untapped student stakeholder. This qualitative study examined the impacts of using keyform maps in an online course with occupational therapy students during the evaluation and intervention planning process for different client case vignettes. A constant comparative analysis revealed that students perceived keyform maps show them two themes more clearly: (1) the just right challenge that is difficult but not impossible and (2) a task hierarchy that helps efficiently prioritize and justify choices specific to the client and decisions personalized to the client. By introducing pre-service learners to keyform maps, OT educators can take a huge step forward in meeting the profession’s charge to increase efforts towards personalized measurement.
The Utility of Quantitative Computed Tomography to Detect Differences in Subchondral Bone Mineral Density Between Healthy People and People With Pain Following Wrist Trauma
Authors: Straatman Lauren , Knowles Nikolas , Suh Nina , Walton David , Lalone Emily
Published: January 2022

The mechanisms underlying chronic pain development following musculoskeletal trauma are complex and multifactorial. In their search, some researchers are turning to the subchondral bone as a potential contributor to pain due to its vascularity, using a depth-specific imaging technique. However, this technique has been mainly used in the knee. We propose the use of a quantitative computed tomography (QCT) depth-specific analysis to measure subchondral bone following wrist trauma. Ten participants (n = 5 post-trauma; n = 5 healthy) underwent bilateral computed tomography scans of their wrist accompanied by a calibration phantom with known densities. Average subchondral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was studied at three depths from the subchondral surface (0–2.5, 2.5–5, 5–7.5 mm) according to radial articular surface contact in both wrists of each participant. Percentage differences and Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated to analyze bilateral vBMD and vBMD differences between groups. This image-based tool demonstrated subject-specific, depth-specific, and joint-specific measures of vBMD within the wrist. This methodology highlighted the differences between depth-specific vBMD in healthy people and people who have experienced wrist trauma. Overall, the healthy cohort demonstrated higher vBMD across all three depths and both articular surfaces. This imaging technique further distinguished between subchondral cortical and trabecular bones, wherein clinical implications can be drawn from these distinctions in future work. Our study therefore supports the utility of a QCT imaging technique in detecting differences in depth-specific vBMD in the wrist.
Influence of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Performance, Combustion, and Emission Characteristics of a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fueled by Diesel/Higher Alcohol Blends
Authors: Sastry Gadepalli Ravikiran , Gugulothu Santhosh Kumar , Bharath Raju L. B. , Panda Jibitesh Kumar , Bhurat Swapnil Sureshchandra , Burra Bhasker
Published: January 2022

Emission and combustion parameters of common rail direct injection combustion engine with different proportions of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate and long-carbon-chain alcohol blends on performance are the main motive of this research. To lessen the dependency on diesel fuel and reduce harmful emissions, 1-hexanol is used, as it has better fuel properties than small-carbon-chain alcohol, and it can be blended with diesel. In common rail direct injection combustion engine, research was conducted, in which fuel blends (1-hexanol-diesel) were variant, i.e., (10%, 20%, 30%) by volume whereas engine speed was fixed at 1500 rpm by varying the load at 25% step from 25 to 100%. Blends were examined with various exhaust gas recirculation rates (10 and 20%) to see what impact they have on engine properties. It was observed that the higher the proportion of 1-Hexanol, the lower the engine performance. The research revealed that for the blend D70H30, around 8.24% rise in brake specific fuel consumption, slight rise in hydrocarbon, 2.80% reduction in brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and 16.70% reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission. With 1-hexanol-diesel blends, the engine is noted to function effortlessly, so as a substitute to the diesel upto 30% of the 1-hexanol can be used while increasing the total cost of implementation. Increase in hexanol and EGR percentage shown negative impact on the brake thermal efficiency, HC and CO emission however, NOx and CO2 emissions were found to be decreased.
Comparison of Local and Averaged Air-Side Heat Transfer Coefficients on Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Obtained With Experimental and Numerical Methods
Authors: Che Min , Elbel Stefan
Published: January 2022

Numerical methods are often used to obtain two-dimensional air-side heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) on heat exchanger (HX) fin surfaces. The model's accuracy is usually verified through averaged HTCs by comparing with published experimental results. However, substantial disagreement is not uncommon and can hardly be explained by averaged HTCs. This study focuses on comparing experimental, local air-side HTCs to numerical ansys fluent results. A mass transfer experimental method was employed to obtain HTC distributions on the fin-and-tube HX fin surfaces. Therefore, disagreements between the experimental and numerical results can be explained in detail. There are several significant findings: inaccurate predictions of local HTCs are observed even though the averaged HTCs from the numerical method may agree with the averaged experimental results under some conditions. The models fail to capture horseshoe vortices, underestimate the HTCs in the wake region of the tubes, and overpredict row-by-row HTC degradation. Moreover, the accuracy of the numerical model decreases when the complexity of geometry increases. For the flat plate, numerically obtained HTCs agree with the experimental results within 10%. However, the error is more than 30% for the eight-row HX. Nonetheless, the model's accuracy becomes worse at higher airflow velocities. Oversized fin-and-tube HXs with multiple tube rows are often selected as a result of using the underpredicted averaged air-side HTCs from the numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Thence, the authors have proposed a corrective method to improve the accuracy of the numerical model.
Effect of Yoga on the Motor Proficiency of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Feasibility of its Inclusion in Special School Environments
Authors: Shanker Sindhu , Pradhan Balaram
Published: January 2022

Yoga as a movement-based intervention is increasingly considered to improve the motor skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is little evidence of the effect of yoga on their motor skills. The current study aims to explore the effect of group yoga program on motor proficiency of children with ASD and feasibility of its inclusion in special schools. Forty-three children with ASD from four special schools were randomized into yoga (n = 23) and control (n = 20) group. A structured yoga program of 45 min for 12 weeks was delivered by trained yoga teachers who also tracked their daily responses. The Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Second Edition was used to assess both the groups pre- and postintervention. In conclusion, the study highlighted that yoga appears to have a positive impact on the gross motor rather than fine motor proficiency of children with ASD and is feasible to be delivered as group intervention in special schools.
Influence of Ageism on Physical Activity Prescription for Prediabetes Management
Authors: Eswaran Arun , Meisner Brad A.
Published: January 2022

This study used a randomized online survey design to examine the potential influence of ageism on physical activity (PA) prescription for hypothetical patients with prediabetes of different chronological ages. Participants included 356 kinesiology students who were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. Each condition presented a clinical case study of a hypothetical patient with prediabetes referred to the participant as a qualified exercise professional for a PA intervention. Case studies were identical except for the reported patient’s chronological age. Participants provided recommendations for PA support, frequency, duration, and intensity. Significant main effects were observed for PA duration, F(3, 352) = 8.62; p < .001, and intensity, F(3, 352) = 16.20; p < .001. The older patient was prescribed significantly lower PA duration and intensity compared to younger patients and no-age control. This study provides evidence for the presence and independent influence of ageism against older patients in PA prescription for prediabetes management.
Up-regulation of proBDNF/p75
NTR
signaling in antibody-secreting cells drives systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Shen Wei-Yun , Luo Cong , Hurtado Plinio Reinaldo , Liu Xiao-Jing , Luo Ru-Yi , Li Hui , Hu Zhao-Lan , Xu Jun-Mei , Coulson Elizabeth J. , Zhao Ming , Zhou Xin-Fu , Dai Ru-Ping
Published: January 2022

Inappropriate expansion of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) is typical of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the regulatory signaling of pathogenic ASCs is unclear. The present study shows that brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) and its high-affinity pan-75 neurotrophin receptor (p75
NTR
) are highly expressed in CD19
+
CD27
hi
CD38
hi
ASCs in patients with SLE and in CD19
+
CD44
hi
CD138
+
ASCs in lupus-like mice. The increased proBDNF
+
ASCs were positively correlated with clinical symptoms and higher titers of autoantibodies in SLE. Administration of monoclonal antibodies against proBDNF or specific knockout of p75
NTR
in CD19
+
B cells exerted a therapeutic effect on lupus mice by limiting the proportion of ASCs, reducing the production of autoantibodies and attenuating kidney injury. Blocking the biological function of proBDNF or p75
NTR
also inhibits ASC differentiation and antibody production in vitro. Together, these findings suggest that proBDNF-p75
NTR
signaling plays a critical pathogenic role in SLE through promoting ASC dysfunction.
Preclinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine PTX-COVID19-B
Authors: Liu Jun , Budylowski Patrick , Samson Reuben , Griffin Bryan D. , Babuadze Giorgi , Rathod Bhavisha , Colwill Karen , Abioye Jumai A. , Schwartz Jordan A. , Law Ryan , Yip Lily , Ahn Sang Kyun , Chau Serena , Naghibosadat Maedeh , Arita Yuko , Hu Queenie , Yue Feng Yun , Banerjee Arinjay , Hardy W. Rod , Mossman Karen , Mubareka Samira , Kozak Robert A. , Pollanen Michael S. , Martin Orozco Natalia , Gingras Anne-Claude , Marcusson Eric G. , Ostrowski Mario A.
Published: January 2022

Safe and effective vaccines are needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report the preclinical development of a lipid nanoparticle–formulated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, PTX-COVID19-B. PTX-COVID19-B was chosen among three candidates after the initial mouse vaccination results showed that it elicited the strongest neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2. Further tests in mice and hamsters indicated that PTX-COVID19-B induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses and completely protected the vaccinated animals from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung. Studies in hamsters also showed that PTX-COVID19-B protected the upper respiratory tract from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mouse immune sera elicited by PTX-COVID19-B vaccination were able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta lineages. No adverse effects were induced by PTX-COVID19-B in either mice or hamsters. Based on these results, PTX-COVID19-B was authorized by Health Canada to enter clinical trials in December 2020 with a phase 2 clinical trial ongoing.
An estrogen-sensitive hypothalamus-midbrain neural circuit controls thermogenesis and physical activity
Authors: Ye Hui , Feng Bing , Wang Chunmei , Saito Kenji , Yang Yongjie , Ibrahimi Lucas , Schaul Sarah , Patel Nirali , Saenz Leslie , Luo Pei , Lai Penghua , Torres Valeria , Kota Maya , Dixit Devin , Cai Xing , Qu Na , Hyseni Ilirjana , Yu Kaifan , Jiang Yuwei , Tong Qingchun , Sun Zheng , Arenkiel Benjamin R. , He Yanlin , Xu Pingwen , Xu Yong
Published: January 2022

Estrogen receptor–α (ERα) expressed by neurons in the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (ERα
vlVMH
) regulates body weight in females, but the downstream neural circuits mediating this biology remain largely unknown. Here we identified a neural circuit mediating the metabolic effects of ERα
vlVMH
neurons. We found that selective activation of ERα
vlVMH
neurons stimulated brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, physical activity, and core temperature and that ERα
vlVMH
neurons provide monosynaptic glutamatergic inputs to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Notably, the ERα
vlVMH
→ DRN circuit responds to changes in ambient temperature and nutritional states. We further showed that 5-HT
DRN
neurons mediate the stimulatory effects of ERα
vlVMH
neurons on BAT thermogenesis and physical activity and that ERα expressed by DRN-projecting ERα
vlVMH
neurons is required for the maintenance of energy balance. Together, these findings support a model that ERα
vlVMH
neurons activate BAT thermogenesis and physical activity through stimulating 5-HT
DRN
neurons.
Loss of IRF2BPL impairs neuronal maintenance through excess Wnt signaling
Authors: Marcogliese Paul C. , Dutta Debdeep , Ray Shrestha Sinha , Dang Nghi D. P. , Zuo Zhongyuan , Wang Yuchun , Lu Di , Fazal Fatima , Ravenscroft Thomas A. , Chung Hyunglok , Kanca Oguz , Wan JiJun , Douine Emilie D. , Network Undiagnosed Diseases , Pena Loren D. M. , Yamamoto Shinya , Nelson Stanley F. , Might Matthew , Meyer Kathrin C. , Yeo Nan Cher , Bellen Hugo J.
Published: January 2022

De novo truncations in
Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 Binding Protein Like
(
IRF2BPL
) lead to severe childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorders. To determine how loss of
IRF2BPL
causes neural dysfunction, we examined its function in
Drosophila
and zebrafish. Overexpression of either
IRF2BPL
or
Pits
, the
Drosophila
ortholog, represses Wnt transcription in flies. In contrast, neuronal depletion of Pits leads to increased
wingless
(
wg
) levels in the brain and is associated with axonal loss, whereas inhibition of Wg signaling is neuroprotective. Moreover, increased neuronal expression of
wg
in flies is sufficient to cause age-dependent axonal loss, similar to reduction of Pits. Loss of
irf2bpl
in zebrafish also causes neurological defects with an associated increase in
wnt1
transcription and downstream signaling.
WNT1
is also increased in patient-derived astrocytes, and pharmacological inhibition of Wnt suppresses the neurological phenotypes. Last, IRF2BPL and the Wnt antagonist, CKIα, physically and genetically interact, showing that IRF2BPL and CkIα antagonize Wnt transcription and signaling.
Environmental, Microbiological, and Immunological Features of Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Implanted Medical Devices
Authors: Caldara Marina , Belgiovine Cristina , Secchi Eleonora , Rusconi Roberto
Published: January 2022

The spread of biofilms on medical implants represents one of the principal triggers of persistent and chronic infections in clinical settings, and it has been the subject of many studies in the past few years, with most of them focused on prosthetic joint infections. We review here recent works on biofilm formation and microbial colonization on a large variety of indwelling devices, ranging from heart valves and pacemakers to urological and breast implants and from biliary stents and endoscopic tubes to contact lenses and dental and neurosurgical implants.
The “LLQY” Motif on SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Affects S Incorporation into Virus Particles
Authors: Du Shouwen , Xu Wang , Wang Yuhang , Li Letian , Hao Pengfei , Tian Mingyao , Wang Maopeng , Li Tiyuan , Wu Shipin , Liu Quan , Bai Jieying , Qu Xiaoyun , Jin Ningyi , Zhou Boping , Liao Ming , Li Chang
Published: January 2022

The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants such as the delta or lambda lineage caused the continuation of the COVID-19 epidemic and challenged the effectiveness of the existing vaccines. Logically, the spike (S) protein mutation has attracted much concern.
Differential Effect of Deleting Members of African Swine Fever Virus Multigene Families 360 and 505 from the Genotype II Georgia 2007/1 Isolate on Virus Replication, Virulence, and Induction of Protection
Authors: Rathakrishnan Anusyah , Connell Samuel , Petrovan Vlad , Moffat Katy , Goatley Lynnette C. , Jabbar Tamara , Sánchez-Cordón Pedro J. , Reis Ana L. , Dixon Linda K.
Published: January 2022

African swine fever has a high socioeconomic impact and no vaccines to aid control. The African swine fever virus (ASFV) has many genes that inhibit the host’s interferon response.
Identification of Amino Acids within Nonstructural Proteins 10 and 14 of the Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus That Result in Attenuation
In Vivo
and
In Ovo
Authors: Keep Sarah , Stevenson-Leggett Phoebe , Dowgier Giulia , Everest Holly , Freimanis Graham , Oade Michael , Hammond John A. , Armesto Maria , Vila Rut , Bru Tura , Geerligs Harm , Britton Paul , Bickerton Erica
Published: January 2022

The
Gammacoronavirus
infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the etiological agent of infectious bronchitis, an acute, highly contagious, economically important disease of poultry. Vaccination is achieved using a mixture of live attenuated vaccines for young chicks and inactivated vaccines as boosters for laying hens.
Optimization of Multivalent Gold Nanoparticle Vaccines Eliciting Humoral and Cellular Immunity in an
In Vivo
Model of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Colonization
Authors: Sanchez-Villamil Javier I. , Tapia Daniel , Torres Alfredo G.
Published: January 2022

Enterohemorrhagic
E. coli
O157:H7 remains an important human pathogen that does not have an effective and safe vaccine available. We have made outstanding progress in the identification of novel protective antigens that have been incorporated into the gold nanoparticle platform and used as vaccines.
Plasmid Fusion and Recombination Events That Occurred during Conjugation of
poxtA
-Carrying Plasmids in Enterococci
Authors: Shan Xinxin , Yang Mengyan , Wang Nannan , Schwarz Stefan , Li Dexi , Du Xiang-Dang
Published: January 2022

Until now, all the
poxtA
genes described in enterococci, including
E. faecalis
,
E. faecium
, and
E. hirae
, are plasmid-borne, suggesting that plasmids play an important role in the dissemination of the
poxtA
gene among enterococci. This study showed that the mobilizable
poxtA
-carrying plasmid could transfer with the help of conjugative plasmid in enterococci via plasmid fusion, with one generated by homologous recombination in
E. faecalis
, and another by replicative transposition in
E. lactis
.
Genomic and Phenotypic Evolution of Tigecycline-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Zhang Jiangang , Xie Jinru , Li Henan , Wang Zhiren , Yin Yuyao , Wang Shuyi , Chen Hongbin , Wang Qi , Wang Hui
Published: January 2022

Multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
poses a huge challenge to clinical treatment, and tigecycline is considered a last-line drug for the treatment of multidrug-resistant
A. baumannii
. However, the mechanism of tigecycline resistance
in vivo
has not been elucidated.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Un-Ionized Ammonia (NH3) against Salmonella Typhimurium in Buffered Solutions with Variable pH, NH3Concentrations, and Urease-Producing Bacteria
Authors: Gutierrez Alan , Havelaar Arie H. , Schneider Keith R.
Published: January 2022

Poultry litter is a widely used biological soil amendment in the production of fresh produce. However, poultry litter may contain human pathogens, such asSalmonella, which introduces the risk of preharvest produce contamination in agricultural fields.
Supplemental Material: Comparative morphometric analysis suggests ice-cored pingo-shaped landforms on the dwarf planet Ceres
Authors: Hughson Kynan H.G. , al. et
Published: January 2022

Methods, metrics for all studied hills, as well as the topographic profiles used to derive them (Tables S1–S5 and Data Sets S1–S4), and terrestrial data used to verify the MCMC model (Tables S6–S7 and Data Sets S5–S6).
Supplemental Material: A reevaluation of the tectonic history of the Dashwoods terrane using in situ and isotope-dilution U-Pb geochronology, western Newfoundland
Authors: Hodgin E.B. , al. et
Published: January 2022

Detailed methods, Figures S1 and S2, and Tables S1 and S2
Fifteen-minute consultation: Outcomes of the extremely preterm infant (<27 weeks): what to tell the parents
Authors: Yeoh Melanie , Rafferty Sarah , Saw Chia , Beedie Joanne , Davis Jonathan W
Published: January 2022

An extremely preterm infant is one born at less than 27 weeks’ gestation. Over time, survival rates in this population have improved. This cohort remains at high risk of mortality and life-long morbidity. The birth of extremely preterm infants is an important public health issue and one which concerns neonatologists, paediatricians, general practitioners and parents alike. This paper aims to provide guidance for the antenatal discussion between clinicians and expectant families and may serve as a template to facilitate open communication.
Metastatic chordoma with pancreatic disease and response to imatinib
Authors: Klejnow Eleanor V , Hoban Katie , Nixon Ioanna , Elswood Thomas Robert
Published: January 2022

A 45-year-old woman presented with a left-sided neck swelling following treatment a year prior for cervical spine chordoma. She had initially been managed surgically with a cervical vertebrectomy and a course of proton beam therapy. Although there had been a degree of residual tissue, her disease remained stable radiologically and clinically. Repeat MRI demonstrated an increasing left paravertebral mass and a head of pancreas metastasis, which shared pathological characteristics with chordoma. Given the advanced metastatic nature of her disease, imatinib was offered with a palliative intent. While waiting for treatment she developed a spinal cord compression, managed with radiotherapy. She commenced imatinib and her disease remained stable for 9 months before progressing clinically and radiologically. This case demonstrates an unusual pattern of metastatic chordoma and provides further rationale for imatinib in such patients.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in the puerperium: a case report
Authors: Dunphy Louise , Kothari Trusha , Ford Jonathan
Published: January 2022

Headache is a common presentation to the physician. Although most causes of a headache in pregnancy are benign, the pregnant woman is at risk of a life-threatening secondary headache such as eclampsia, venous sinus thrombosis or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Pregnancy and the puerperium are prothrombotic risk factors. Although the aetiology of PRES remains to be fully elucidated, hypertension with failed autoregulation results in brain oedema. An alternative hypothesis includes endothelial injury and hypoperfusion leading to an alteration in the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. It occurs in complex, systemic conditions such as pre-eclampsia, following bone marrow transplantation, chemotherapy, sepsis and autoimmune diseases. The most common clinical presentation is headache, altered alertness, seizures and visual disturbance such as hemianopia, visual neglect and cortical blindness. It can also develop in normotensive individuals. Symmetric vasogenic oedema in a watershed distribution involving the parieto-occipital regions are typically evident on MRI. Management is determined by the underlying aetiological risk factor. The authors present the case of a 32-year-old multiparous woman presenting with tonic-clonic seizures 16 days following an elective caesarean section. Her pregnancy was complicated by hypertension and headache. There was no history of pre-eclampsia. She required intubation and ventilation. The diagnosis of PRES was established on MRI. Early recognition and treatment provide a favourable prognosis as the clinical symptoms and imaging characteristics are reversible in a large cohort of affected individuals.
Septic arthritis caused byMycoplasma hominisin a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hum Ryan Malcolm , Iftikhar Hajira , Tang Elaine , Ho Pauline
Published: January 2022

Mycoplasma hominisis one of the most common commensal organisms of the genitourinary tract. Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to developing severe infections secondary toM. hominis, and rarely, septic arthritis. This case report describes the occurrence of septic arthritis secondary toM. hominisin a 27-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), who presented with a 2-week history of left elbow swelling and tenderness, elevated inflammatory markers and joint aspiration findings consistent with infection. Serial blood cultures were negative. She was treated with flucloxacillin; however, failed to respond and so doxycycline was added to cover for atypical organisms. Subsequently, PCR analysis from the joint aspirate foundM. hominison day 16. Fortunately, doxycycline was an effective treatment for this atypical organism. This case outlines the importance of considering atypical organisms such asM. hominisas a cause of septic arthritis in immunosuppressed patients especially those with SLE.
Nimble Approach: fast, adapting, calculating and ethically mindful approach to managing colorectal cancer screening programmes during a pandemic
Authors: Baxter Nancy N , Facey Marcia , Ruco Arlinda , Baker Natalie A , Sorvari Anne , Benmessaoud Amina , Dube Catherine , Rabeneck Linda , Tinmouth Jill
Published: January 2022

Objective

To describe a conceptual framework that provides understanding of the challenges encountered and the adaptive approaches taken by organised colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

This was a qualitative case study of international CRC screening programmes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with programme managers/leaders and programme experts, researchers and clinical leaders of large, population-based screening programmes. Data analysis, using elements of grounded theory, as well as cross-cases analysis was conducted by two experienced qualitative researchers.

Results

19 participants were interviewed from seven programmes in North America, Europe and Australasia. A conceptual framework (‘Nimble Approach’) was the key outcome of the analysis. Four concepts constitute this approach to managing CRC screening programmes during COVID-19: Fast (meeting the need to make decisions and communicate quickly), Adapting (flexibly and creatively managing testing/colonoscopy capacity, access and backlogs), Calculating (modelling and actively monitoring programmes to inform decision-making and support programme quality) and Ethically Mindful (considering ethical conundrums emerging from programme responses). Highly integrated programmes, those with highly integrated communication networks, and that managed greater portions of the screening process seemed best positioned to respond to the crisis.

Conclusions

The Nimble Approach has potentially broad applications; it can be deployed to effectively respond to programme-specific challenges or manage CRC programmes during future pandemics, other health crises or emergencies.
Assessment of female authorship inJournal of NeuroInterventional Surgery(JNIS) publications in 2016–2020
Authors: Javed Kainaat , Altschul Dorothea , Albuquerque Felipe C , Hirsch Joshua A
Published: January 2022

Background

Since female neurointerventionalists make up a minority of the work force, the contributions this group has made to academic scholarship should be highlighted.

Objective

The main objective of this project was to identify all of the recent papers published in theJournal of NeuroInterventional Surgery(JNIS) by female first authors or last authors over 5 years.

Methods

The online issues of JNIS from January 2016 through December 2020 were reviewed. Data were collected on the number and types of articles published monthly. For each article, the gender of the first author and the senior author was evaluated. Bivariate analyses were performed to compare female authorship trends between 2016 and 2020.

Results

In 2016, 38 (14.8%) of the 257 articles published had female involvement compared with 60 (22.8%) of 263 articles in 2020 (p=0.019). In 2016, 9.7% of all articles had a female first author only, 3.9% had a female last author only, and 1.2% had both a female first and last author. In 2020, the percentages increased to 14.5%, 6.5%, and 1.9% respectively. Over 80% of the articles published in 2016 and 2020 by female authors were original research articles. One editorial commentary and two special topic articles were published by female authors in 2020 compared with none in 2016.

Conclusion

More papers were published by female authors in JNIS in 2020 relative to 2016. Most of these papers had a female first author, and were original research articles.
Patient and clinician perceptions of the trauma and acute care surgery hospitalization discharge transition of care: a qualitative study
Authors: McFadden Nikia R , Gosdin Melissa M , Jurkovich Gregory J , Utter Garth H
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Trauma and acute care surgery (TACS) patients face complex barriers associated with hospitalization discharge that hinder successful recovery. We sought to better understand the challenges in the discharge transition of care, which might suggest interventions that would optimize it.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study of patient and clinician perceptions about the hospital discharge process at an urban level 1 trauma center. We performed semi-structured interviews that we recorded, transcribed, coded both deductively and inductively, and analyzed thematically. We enrolled patients and clinicians until we achieved data saturation.

Results

We interviewed 10 patients and 10 clinicians. Most patients (70%) were male, and the mean age was 57±16 years. Clinicians included attending surgeons, residents, nurse practitioners, nurses, and case managers. Three themes emerged. (1)Communication(patient-clinician and clinician-clinician): clinicians understood that the discharge process malfunctions when communication with patients is not clear. Many patients discussed confusion about their discharge plan. Clinicians lamented that poorly written discharge summaries are an inadequate means of communication between inpatient and outpatient clinicians. (2)Discharge teaching and written instructions: patients appreciated discharge teaching but found written discharge instructions to be overwhelming and unhelpful. Clinicians preferred spending more time teaching patients and understood that written instructions contain too much jargon. (3)Outpatient care coordination: patients and clinicians identified difficulties with coordinating ongoing outpatient care. Both identified the patient’s primary care physician and insurance coverage as important determinants of the outpatient experience.

Conclusion

TACS patients face numerous challenges at hospitalization discharge. Clinicians struggle to effectively help their patients with this stressful transition. Future interventions should focus on improving communication with patients, active communication with a patient’s primary care physician, repurposing, and standardizing the discharge summary to serve primarily as a means of care coordination, and assisting the patient with navigating the transition.

Level of evidence

III—descriptive, exploratory study.
Comparison of sample preparation methods for rare cell isolation in microfluidic devices
Authors: Varillas Jose I. , Chen Kangfu , Dopico Pablo , Zhang Jinling , George Thomas J. , Fan Z. Hugh
Published: January 2022

The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is important for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Microfluidics has been employed for CTC analysis due to its scaling advantages and high performance. However, pre-analytical methods for CTC sample preparation are often combined with microfluidic platforms because a large sample volume is required to detect extremely rare CTCs. Among pre-analytical methods, Ficoll-Paque™, OncoQuick™, and RosetteSep™ are commonly used to separate cells of interest. To compare their performance, we spiked L3.6pl pancreatic cancer cells into healthy blood samples and then employed each technique to prepare blood samples, followed by using a microfluidic platform to capture and detect L3.6pl cells. We found these three methods have similar performance, though the slight edge of RosetteSep™ over Ficoll-Paque™ is statistically significant. We also studied the effects of the tumor cell concentrations on the performance of the frequently used Ficoll-Paque™ method. Furthermore, we examined the repeatability and variability of each pre-analytical technique and the microfluidics-enabled detection. This study will provide researchers and clinicians with comparative data that can influence the choice of sample preparation method, help estimate CTC loss in each pre-analytical method, and correlate the results of clinical studies that employ different techniques.
Multi-party deterministic joint RSP of arbitrary multi-qubit states via maximal slice states
Authors: Zhao Jian , Jiang Jun , Zhou Yu , Zhao Boxin
Published: January 2022

In this paper, two efficient proposals are presented by using maximal slice states and orthogonal measurement basis to realize the joint remote state preparation (RSP) of two-qubit and three-qubit states, respectively. Furthermore, this kind of joint RSP schemes could be generalized to the case of arbitrary multi-qubit states, which can be transmitted from two senders to one receiver with the supervision of one manager. The successful probability of this joint RSP scheme is always equal to 100% in spite of that quantum channel is composed of non-maximally entangled states.
An Effective and Visualized State Detection of Metro Vehicle Door System
Authors: Zhang Jiachao , Jiao Liangbao , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2022

Metro Vehicle Door System (MVDS) is one of the most frequently used parts in rail transit. In this work, we propose an effective and visualized state detection technique of MVDS by utilizing feature extraction and matching, which is helpful to improve the safety and reliability of the door system. Five states of MVDS, the normal opening, opened, closing and closed state, as well as the anti-extrusion (also named as anti-drag) state, are to be detected in our work. In particular, we design an improved Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) method to reduce the mismatching pairs by exploiting local space distance, which is crucial for practical usage. Furthermore, we present a scheme to detect the five states of MVDS mentioned above via our improved SURF. Finally, we conduct experiments in subjective and objective, and the resultant performance shows the effectiveness of our method.
SHORT SELLING WITH MARGIN RISK AND RECALL RISK
Authors: GLOVER KRISTOFFER , HULLEY HARDY
Published: January 2022

To investigate the effect of short-selling constraints on investor behavior, we formulate an optimal stopping model in which the decision to cover a short position is affected by two short sale-specific frictions — margin risk and recall risk. Margin risk is introduced by assuming that a short seller is forced to close out their position involuntarily if they cannot fund margin calls (since short sales are collateralized transactions). Recall risk is introduced by permitting the lender to recall borrowed stock at any time, once again triggering an involuntary close-out. Examining the effect of these frictions on the optimal close-out strategy and associated value function, we finding that the optimal behavior can be qualitatively different in their presence. Moreover, these frictions lead to a substantial loss in value, relative to the first-best situation without them (a reduction of approximately 17% for our conservative base-case parameters). This significant effect has important implications for many familiar no-arbitrage identities, which are predicated on the assumption of unfettered short selling.
APPROXIMATE OPTION PRICING FORMULA FOR BARNDORFF-NIELSEN AND SHEPHARD MODEL
Authors: ARAI TAKUJI
Published: January 2022

For the Barndorf-Nielsen and Shephard model, we present approximate expressions of call option prices based on the decomposition formula developed by [T. Arai (2021) Alos type decomposition formula for Barndor-Nielsen and Shephard model, Journal of Stochastic Analysis 2 (2), 3]. Besides, some numerical experiments are also implemented to make sure how effective our approximations are.
Rewriting sexual violence prevention
Authors: Myers Angela
Published: January 2022

As part of a larger research project on the rhetoric of sexual violence prevention in online university courses, the researcher conducted rhetorical analyses of two prevention courses from the United States and New Zealand. This study analyzed the rhetorical strategies used in two courses with attention to five subcategories: content genres, ways the content addresses the audience, messaging strategies, levels of prevention, and sentence-level choices. From the analyses, the researcher recommends rhetorical considerations for prevention courses. While the New Zealand course had more effective language choices, the US course had a better overall narrative structure.
Review of "Awful archives: Conspiracy theory, rhetoric, and acts of evidence by Jenny Rice," Rice, J. (2020). The Ohio State University Press
Authors: Shafer Luana
Published: January 2022

Awful Archives
presents a timely discussion of controversies and the line between what constitutes "good" versus "bad" evidence within empiricism and the scientific process. Calling attention to the fact that evidence is rhetorically constructed, Rice implores us to interrogate the conception of bad evidence as equally constructed. Blurring the lines between "good" and "bad" evidence, Rice moves away from rhetorical conceptions of evidence as imbued "with a kind of
thingfulness
" (p. 5), as this theory of evidence lends itself to clear demarcations between authentic and inauthentic distinctions. Contemporary conceptions of evidence seen through the thing/object binary deny opportunities for nuanced discussions about the evidentiary process and ultimately ignore evidence's ability to do something as a performative property. Ultimately, Rice inquires into evidence as an act through which we attempt to "figure out what the fuck is happening around us" (p. 11) without the limiting characteristics of validity or empirical fidelity with which evidence is so often concerned. Alongside her analysis of the ways evidence is implemented, and often weaponized, by conspiracy theorists who frequently challenge the more empirical understandings of what evidence represents, Rice makes the rhetorical move from whether evidence is "good/bad" or "valid/invalid" to an alternative foundational rhetorical theory of what is the evidence doing.
Morphology and Transport in Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Agrawal Anamika , Scott Zubenelgenubi C. , Koslover Elena F.
Published: January 2022

Transport of intracellular components relies on a variety of active and passive mechanisms, ranging from the diffusive spreading of small molecules over short distances to motor-driven motion across long distances. The cell-scale behavior of these mechanisms is fundamentally dependent on the morphology of the underlying cellular structures. Diffusion-limited reaction times can be qualitatively altered by the presence of occluding barriers or by confinement in complex architectures, such as those of reticulated organelles. Motor-driven transport is modulated by the architecture of cytoskeletal filaments that serve as transport highways. In this review, we discuss the impact of geometry on intracellular transport processes that fulfill a broad range of functional objectives, including delivery, distribution, and sorting of cellular components. By unraveling the interplay between morphology and transport efficiency, we aim to elucidate key structure–function relationships that govern the architecture of transport systems at the cellular scale.
Perspective—A League of Our Own: A Perspective on How to Start and Keep the Flow of Women in Energy Storage
Authors: Hernández Guiomar , Navarro-Suárez Adriana M.
Published: January 2022

Women are under-represented in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) majors and careers in most industrialized countries around the world. The aim of this perspective is to offer a view of the current status in energy storage, mainly in Europe, while focusing on proposed solutions towards gender balance and providing examples of activities that could be carried out within industry and academia. It should be noted that we are not social scientists, the proposed solutions and activities are just based on our own experiences, and our main objective is to continue the discussion of gender equality in the energy storage field.