bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indicadores de Resultados: Atividades de Zeladoria na Cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Meier Neto José Frederico
Published: October 2023

O Tribunal de Contas do Município de São Paulo, através de sua Escola de Contas, elaborou um estudo piloto sobre Indicadores de Resultados de Atividades de Zeladoria da Cidade de São Paulo. Como atividades iniciais, foram escolhidas: poda de árvores, limpeza manual de córregos, limpeza mecânica de bocas de lobo e operação tapa-buraco. Esses indicadores levam em consideração os conceitos de eficiência, eficácia e disponibilidade financeira na execução dessas atividades. Permitem, portanto, avaliar os resultados das ações dos gestores públicos para atingir os compromissos assumidos com a sociedade.
análise do projeto de intervenção urbana no bairro Vila Leopoldina, em São Paulo (SP)
Authors: Marè Renata , Santaniello Abejon Georgia , Roncarate Garcia Gabrielle , Ramos Milano Leonardo , Fernandez Perea Cavinato Michele , Pierrini Amanda
Published: October 2023

O Projeto de Intervenção Urbana (PIU) Vila Leopoldina-Villa Lobos é uma iniciativa da Prefeitura de São Paulo para revitalizar uma antiga área industrial de propriedade privada e com área aproximada de 300 mil m² localizada no Distrito da Vila Leopoldina, na zona oeste da cidade. O projeto apresenta uma fórmula para potencializar os recursos, contrapartidas e compensações gerados pelo desenvolvimento imobiliário previsto no perímetro de intervenção e, em paralelo, solucionar as graves questões de precariedade habitacional de três comunidades situadas na área de abrangência do PIU: da Linha, do Nove e Cingapura Madeirite. Por meio da requalificação de espaços públicos, da ampliação de áreas verdes, de melhoramentos viários e da construção de moradias de interesse social e do investimento em novos empreendimentos comerciais e equipamentos de cultura, o PIU Vila Leopoldina-Villa Lobos, em caso de aprovação pelas instâncias decisórias, tem o potencial de melhorar a qualidade de vida na região e promover o correto adensamento de moradias e empregos em uma área com acesso à infraestrutura de transportes.
Política urbana e reforma no Estado: da redemocratização aos novos desafios no século XXI
Authors: Bonduki Nabil
Published: October 2023

.
Mulheres na política
Authors: Carvalho Anderson , Silva Renata de Jesus , Cavalcante Laís Siqueira Ribeiro
Published: October 2023

Durante um longo período da história brasileira as mulheres não tiveram participação efetiva na política, pois, a este grupo eram negados os principais direitos da política: canditar e votar. A sociedade brasileira atribuiu a mulher uma protagonização predominante no cenário privado o que explica a pequena presença feminina no contexto político. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a participação política das mulheres na Câmara Municipal de São Paulo. De forma a compreender a mudança do papel da mulher na sociedade que reflete em sua maior inserção no espaço político brasileiro, principalmente na cidade de São Paulo, tendo em vista que em 2017 as mulheres que assumiram o cargo de vereadoras quase que dobrou se comparado ao mandato anterior.
Cidades Inteligentes e o Índice Cities in Motion – Case São Paulo
Authors: Takiya Harmi , Trugillo Ana Carolina de Araújo , Silva Junior Bomfim Alves da , Marè Renata
Published: October 2023

O Índice “Cities in Motion” (CIMI) 2019 da IESE Business School visa avaliar uma gama de dimensões como conectividade, impacto social, planejamento urbano, uso da tecnologia e transportes, com o propósito de construir um indicador maior que retrate o nível de desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades avaliadas, assim como a qualidade de vida dos seus habitantes. Este artigo apresenta os resultados da avaliação da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, ressaltando as dimensões de coesão social, mobilidade e economia. Para essas dimensões, analisadas sob as definições da IESE, São Paulo obteve baixa pontuação, classificando-se em 132o lugar no ranking. O artigo apresenta as análises quantitativa e qualitativa dos dados utilizados na criação dos indicadores, propondo uma justificativa à atual posição da cidade, assim como apresentando sugestões de como alcançar melhores resultados em futuras edições do CIMI.
Prefeitura de São Paulo e a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Bellamy Marian Salles Gomes , Santos Ricardo Ferreira , Pietro Eduardo Emílio Lang Di , Aly Vitor Levy Castex
Published: October 2023

A Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo promoveu diversas ações durante a pandemia de Covid-19 a fim de mitigar os efeitos da crise sanitária para a população. As ações no campo de planejamento e aquisições mostraram-se efetivas e inovadoras em diversos aspectos. Tendo em vista a perspectiva de ocorrência de possíveis novas pandemias, torna-se relevante analisar essa experiência a fim de identificar e reconhecer ações acertadas do poder público, assim como permitir o aprimoramento de uma atuação futura.
Utilização dos recursos excedentes àqueles necessários à execução do programa de investimentos previstos em Operação Urbana Consorciada¹
Authors: Monteiro Egle dos Santos , Toledo Maria Fernanda Pessatti de , Bordin Newton Antônio Pinto
Published: October 2023

O artigo analisa as operações urbanas consorciadas nos termos do Estatuto da Cidade (Lei Federal nº 10.257/01), com os autores discorrendo sobre os recursos obtidos pela administração pública mediante a alienação de certificados de potencial adicional de construção (CEPACs). Fazendo uso de interpretação teleológica e sistemática da legislação brasileira, os autores concluem que esses recursos, quando superarem o montante necessário para a implantação do programa de intervenções estabelecido para a operação urbana, podem ser direcionados a outras regiões do município, desde que a utilização deles seja feita de forma compatível com o Estatuto da Cidade.
Análise de arranjos institucionais e desafios de coordenação no contexto da Covid-19
Authors: Leite Julia Arias Lara , Krieger João Vítor , Isaias Saul de Carvalho , Assis Cinthia , Martins Cibely
Published: October 2023

Este artigo analisa os arranjos institucionais para o enfrentamento à pandemia de Covid-19 em diferentes entes federativos brasileiros por meio do estudo de caso de medidas adotadas pelos municípios de São Paulo (SP) e Blumenau (SC). Tendo por base a estrutura de gestão da saúde pública no Brasil em âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em suas diferentes instâncias de tomada de decisão e coordenação, bem como o efeito do atual contexto político-administrativo no país, busca-se compreender como o arranjo institucional e os modelos em que estão inseridos os municípios de São Paulo e Blumenau têm relação com a definição das medidas adotadas para o enfrentamento à pandemia. O estudo mostrou similaridades entre os casos quanto à testagem e gestão de leitos hospitalares, mas diferenças no planejamento e na estruturação de planos de contingência, monitoramento de risco, e a definição de medidas de fechamento ou abertura. Conclui-se que arranjos com instâncias mais descentralizadas de tomada de decisão e coordenação podem causar disputas e desalinhamentos entre diferentes entes federados.
Da propriedade pública como função1
Authors: Cunha Filho Alexandre Jorge Carneiro da , Araújo Alexandra Fuchs de
Published: October 2023

O presente ensaio trata da função social da propriedade pública, ocasião em que foram abordados desafios existentes para a exploração eficiente de tais bens decorrentes tanto do regime jurídico que lhes é aplicável, como da gestão feita a respeito pelos agentes estatais. Para a elaboração dessa reflexão um caso concreto foi analisado. Identificado o uso inadequado de imóveis públicos neste caso construiu-se uma argumentação, com base em revisão bibliográfica, dirigida a despertar a atenção do público quanto ao problema, indicando caminhos para seu oportuno endereçamento.
Análise do instrumento urbano Cota de Solidariedade, instituído no Plano Diretor Estratégico do Município de São Paulo (Lei nº16.050, de 31 de julho de 2014)
Authors: Santos Lucas Almeida Oliveira dos
Published: October 2023

Atualmente, em São Paulo, se pode considerar que existe um déficit habitacional de 700 mil residências (SCHREIBER, apud. LING, 2014) contando famílias sem acesso à habitação e que vivem em casas consideradas inadequadas; essa carência quantitativa e também qualitativa tem sido atacada por instrumentos urbanos como é o caso da Cota de Solidariedade que, além de estimular a produção de habitação social, tem o objetivo de mesclar classes sociais no mesmo bairro, tendo em vista a alocação de famílias de baixa renda próximo à infraestruturas de transporte, emprego e lazer. A aplicação do instrumento, contudo, ainda passa por questionamentos e, embora não seja possível dizer se é um fracasso ou sucesso, podemos aferir que não responde à magnitude do problema paulistano de falta de moradia digna para famílias de baixa renda por ter tido uma implementação efetiva bastante tímida desde 2014. Essa análise pretende entender o padrão de aplicação do instrumento e relacionar com a experiência de outras cidades ao redor do mundo trazendo uma base crítica para a próxima revisão do Plano Diretor Estratégico (PDE).
Projeto básico e executivo
Authors: Vito Marco de
Published: October 2023

O arcabouço jurídico brasileiro a respeito das fases necessárias para a construção de obras públicas é bastante controverso e regrado por uma série de normativos e acórdãos do Tribunal de Contas da União-TCU, aparentemente contraditórios entre si. De um lado, os órgãos de controle atribuem ao Projeto Básico níveis de precisão não previstos pela legislação vigente, por outro, o Projeto Executivo torna-se mera peça complementar à contratação da obra. Por meio deste trabalho, resgatando a legislação pátria, pretende-se reabrir a discussão sobre a importância dos dois projetos, cada um com seu escopo precípuo, para que seja restabelecida a ordem das fases da projetação e atribuído o justo grau de precisão aos Projetos Básicos e Executivos.
Convênios da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Diadema com o Terceiro Setor
Authors: Monteiro Claudia Lima
Published: October 2023

A Constituição Federal de 1988 assegura a educação como dever do Estado e direito universal dos brasileiros. A Lei Federal nº 11.494, de 20/6/2007, por meio do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (Fundeb), permite o estabelecimento de convênios entre Secretarias Municipais de Educação e o terceiro setor, representado por organizações não governamentais, sem fins lucrativos. Considerando a amplitude da área educacional, a indagação é: quais são os objetos de convênios da Secretaria Municipal da Educação de Diadema? Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é verificar o objeto dos convênios estabelecidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Diadema, com vistas a contribuir para a visibilização e publicização dos convênios existentes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, realizada em fevereiro de 2020 no Portal da Transparência do site institucional da Prefeitura Municipal de Diadema (PMD), por meio da seleção da aba “convênios” e seleção posterior do ano de referência e Secretaria. O resultado desta consulta identificou que no período de 2014 a 2019 a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Diadema estabeleceu 58 contratos de convênios com 17 entidades (termo utilizado no Portal da Transparência), direcionados para 03 objetos: vagas para creche, atendimento na educação especial e realização de oficinas culturais a alunos matriculados nas escolas municipais. Verificou-se a predominância de convênios para vagas para creches, situação idêntica no município de São Bernardo do Campo, conforme estudo apresentado por Almeida (2014). Podemos inferir que este direcionamento seja resultante da alta demanda por vagas de creches.
experiência de estágio supervisionado do curso de Pedagogia frente à pandemia Covid-19
Authors: Machado Andreia de Bem , Lúcio Vera Regina , Pereira Jair Joaquim , Ferreira Jussara Carmisini de Lima , Mello Horácio Dutra
Published: October 2023

O ano de 2020 mostrou que a humanidade está conectada, ou seja, um vírus detectado, a princípio, num local específico, espalha-se e provoca uma pandemia (Covid-19) assustadora que atingiu, em cheio, muitos países. Para conter o avanço e os efeitos catastróficos da Covid-19, no Brasil foram adotadas medidas de isolamento social, o que afetou drasticamente o funcionamento dos sistemas de ensino. Neste contexto de adaptação aos efeitos da pandemia, o estágio supervisionado pode ser considerado uma das demandas mais complexas, em virtude do fechamento das escolas. Por isso, o objetivo desse artigo é apresentar as diretrizes que nortearam o estágio supervisionado no curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade Municipal de Palhoça (FMP) frente à pandemia (Covid-19). Para tanto, procedeu-se a uma revisão bibliográfica e documental da literatura e legislação vigente, em especial: a Resolução do CEE/SC Nº 009/2020 de 19 de março de 2020 e o Parecer do CEE/SC Nº 222 de 12 de maio de 2020. Em suma, constatou-se que as diretrizes delineadas para o estágio supervisionado buscaram qualificar, ainda mais, a formação no curso de Pedagogia da FMP.
Articular cartilage corefucosylation regulates tissue resilience in osteoarthritis
Authors: Homan Kentaro , Onodera Tomohiro , Hanamatsu Hisatoshi , Furukawa Jun-ichi , Momma Daisuke , Matsuoka Masatake , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to investigate the glycan structural changes that occur before histological degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) and to determine the mechanism by which these glycan conformational changes affect cartilage degeneration. An OA model was established in rabbits using mannosidase injection, which reduced high-mannose type N-glycans and led to cartilage degeneration. Further analysis of glycome in human OA cartilage identified specific corefucosylated N-glycan expression patterns. Inhibition of N-glycan corefucosylation resulted in unrecoverable cartilage degeneration, while cartilage-specific blocking of corefucosylation led to accelerated development of aging-associated and instability-induced OA models. We conclude that α1,6 fucosyltransferase is required postnatally to prevent preosteoarthritic deterioration of articular cartilage. These findings provide a novel definition of early OA and identify glyco-phenotypes of OA cartilage, which may distinguish individuals at higher risk of progression.
Development of the Effective Musical Notation Reading Strategies Scale in Learning Violin and Factors That Affect the Level of Using Such Strategies
Authors: Cinardal Fatma Ceyda , Cilden Seyda
Published: October 2023

This correlational study consisted of 396 undergraduate violin students studying at three different types of faculties in 18 universities in the 2016-2017 academic year in Turkiye. Data collection was made by using the Effective Musical Notation Reading Strategies Scale (EMNRSS) developed by the researcher and a personal information form. The data were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity, and in order to determine the internal consistency of the scale within the framework of the reliability tests, the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients were calculated. The three-factor structure that emerged in the exploratory factor analysis was confirmed according to the fit index values obtained as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis (X2/SD = 2.38; NFI = 0.93; CFI = 0.96; GFI = 0.84; RMSEA = 0.059). The alpha value for the first factor of the scale (post-play) was calculated as 0.89 whereas such value was 0.87 for the second factor (during-play) and 0.83 for the third factor (pre-play). The alpha value calculated for the total scale score was 0.92. As a result of the analyses, a 34-item five-point Likert-type scale with three factors was developed. The EMNRSS may be utilized in future research to explore the factors that affect students’ level of using such strategies. The applicability of the EMNRSS to levels other than undergraduate level may also be explored.
Metaphorical Perceptions of Teachers Regarding Technology-enhanced Social Studies Instruction
Authors: Pala Fatih
Published: October 2023

This study aims to identify the metaphors created by social studies teachers for technology-supported instruction in social studies education. The study is conducted using the qualitative research design of “phenomenology”. The study group consists of a purposive sample of 156 social studies teachers working in schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in different regions of Turkey. The metaphors of social studies teachers regarding the use of technology in social studies education were collected through an online survey form. To reveal teachers’ metaphors for technology-supported instruction in social studies education, statements such as “According to me, technology-supported instruction in social studies education is like. because.” were used. Content analysis was used for data analysis in the research. Social studies teachers produced 50 metaphors related to technology use. These metaphors were categorized based on their common characteristics. The metaphors created by social studies teachers were visualized using figures and tables, categorized, and explained with quotations from participants’ justifications. The most frequently used category of metaphors related to technology-supported instruction in social studies education is the technology category, with 19 metaphors. It was concluded that social studies teachers generally have positive perceptions regarding technology-supported instruction.
Football Fanaticism Levels of Turkish University Students in terms of Sports Literacy and Different Variables
Authors: Yilmaz Tugay
Published: October 2023

This research aims to examine the fanaticism levels of university students in Kilis and its surrounding provinces in terms of sports literacy and some variables. The population of the research consists of approximately 120,000 students studying at 6 different universities in Kilis and its surrounding five provinces (Gaziantep, Hatay, Adıyaman, Osmaniye, Kahramanmaraş) in the south of Turkey. The sample of the study consists of a total of 480 students, 176 female and 304 male, randomly selected among the students studying at universities in Kilis and surrounding provinces in the 2022-2023 education period. A personal information form was used to collect information about the independent variables. The “Football Fans Fanaticism Scale” (FFFS), which was prepared by Taşmektepligil et al. (2015) was used as a data collection tool for the scale of the fanaticism levels of the students. While evaluating the findings obtained in the study, SPSS 25 was used for statistical analysis. While evaluating the study data, descriptive statistical methods were used. Independent sample T-Test and ANOVA Test were used in the analysis of the data. In the analyses, the level of significance was determined as p0.05. In the findings, it was determined that while there was a significant difference according to the age variable of the participants, the type of following the competitions and the gender variable, there was no significant difference on the fanaticism scale scores in terms of the variables of using licensed products and the team being supported. It was concluded that male individuals are more fanatical than females. Another conclusion is that the younger students were more fanatical than the older students. It has been found that those who follow the matches of the team support from stadiums and all channels have higher levels of fanaticism.
The Correlation between Leadership Styles and Organizational Cynicism: Which Leadership Style is Best for Schools?
Authors: Dogan Bahar , Yıldız Barış
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between school administrators’ multi-factor leadership styles and organizational cynicism perceptions. In this research, correlational research method being one of the quantitative research methods was used. The population of this research consists of school principals and vice principals working in public schools in the districts of Avcilar, Basaksehir, Bahcelievler, Bakirkoy, Beylikduzu and Esenyurt. The sample consists of 184 school principals and vice principals who were reached through convenience sample method. Multi-Factor Leadership Scale (MFLS), Organizational Cynicism Scale (OCS) and demographic information form were used in process of gathering data. In the process of data collection, online forms of the scales were applied to participants. The SPSS program was preferred to analyze the data of this research and descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Spearman Correlation Coefficient Test were conducted. Findings demonstrated in this study that there was a moderate negative correlation between transformational leadership and organizational cynicism; a moderate positive correlation between laissez faire leadership and organizational cynicism. To prevent or reduce the negative beliefs and effects of school administrators on the educational organization, it can be ensured that the transformational leadership style is understood with both conceptual and exemplary behavior models and human resources policies can be produced in the administration. Instead of persisting traditional school administrator, transformational leadership style should embrace in schools.
Classroom Teachers’ Perception Levels On Flipped Learning
Authors: Kuru Oğuzhan
Published: October 2023

The process of education and training is one of the most affected and compelled fields to change by technology which changes and progresses every day. It cannot be expected for a uniform education that is stuck in certain patterns to meet the needs of the current age. In the recent years, the process of education has acquired a new format under the name flipped education with the influence of global factors and technological advancements. Flipped education has affected all its partakers and cause them to make changes. The aim of this study is to analyze the perception of classroom teachers, who are one of the most important partakers of education, of flipped learning in terms of various variables. With this purpose, a study group consisting of 306 classroom teachers who worked in primary schools affiliated with the Ministry of Education in the 2021- 2022 academic year were selected through the maximum variation sampling method. The data of the study were collected through the Flipped Learning Perception Scale developed by Erensayın (2019) which consists of four sub-dimensions as, teacher self-efficacy, technological competence, pedagogical competence, and technological-pedagogical competence. According to the results of the study, it was determined that there is a significant difference in favor of mostly male teachers in terms of gender; there is a significant difference in favor of teachers who have received flipped learning training in terms of training on flipped learning and that there is a significant difference between the teachers with the most seniority and teachers with medium level seniority in terms of professional seniority. No difference was found in terms of the grade level the teachers taught.
The Applicability of Turkic World Texts in Secondary School Turkish Textbooks in the Context of Literacy
Authors: Çınar Minara Aliyeva , Çevik Yakup
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to investigate the effect of the course content developed based on Turkic World literary texts on students’ academic achievement and attitudes towards Turkic World texts in the 8th-grade Turkish course. Gender and age differences in attitudes toward Turkic World texts were also examined. A quantitative research approach with a weak experimental design was used. Fifteen students studying in a public school in Bursa, Turkey, participated in the study. The experimental procedure applied “Course Content Prepared with Turkic World Literary Texts (CCPTWLT)” for six weeks, while the researcher used the “Turkic World Literary Texts Achievement Test (TWLTAT)” and “Attitude Scale for Turkic World Literary Texts (ASTWLT)” as pre-test and post-test to reveal the effect of the experimental procedure were developed by the researcher. Mann-Whitney U and T-Test were used to analyze the data. The study results show a significant increase in students’ academic achievement by implementing CCPTWLT (p=.003). However, no significant difference was found between the pre-test and the post-test, although students’ attitudes increased in the Interest sub-dimension (p.05), Turkic World sub-dimension (p.05), Language of Texts sub-dimension (p.05), Pronunciation dimension (p.05) of the Attitude Scale after CCPTWLT practices. Finally, the study revealed that the ASTWLT scores did not differ significantly according to age and gender.
Residual block fully connected DCNN with categorical generalized focal dice loss and its application to Alzheimer’s disease severity detection
Authors: Alhudhaif Adi , Polat Kemal
Published: October 2023

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disease that manifests itself with a deterioration in all mental activities, daily activities, and behaviors, especially memory, due to the constantly increasing damage to some parts of the brain as people age. Detecting AD at an early stage is a significant challenge. Various diagnostic devices are used to diagnose AD. Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) devices are widely used to analyze and classify the stages of AD. However, the time-consuming process of recording the affected areas of the brain in the images obtained from these devices is another challenge. Therefore, conventional techniques cannot detect the early stage of AD.

Methods

In this study, we proposed a deep learning model supported by a fusion loss model that includes fully connected layers and residual blocks to solve the above-mentioned challenges. The proposed model has been trained and tested on the publicly available T1-weighted MRI-based KAGGLE dataset. Data augmentation techniques were used after various preliminary operations were applied to the data set.

Results

The proposed model effectively classified four AD classes in the KAGGLE dataset. The proposed model reached the test accuracy of 0.973 in binary classification and 0.982 in multi-class classification thanks to experimental studies and provided a superior classification performance than other studies in the literature. The proposed method can be used online to detect AD and has the feature of a system that will help doctors in the decision-making process.
AKDENİZ’E YÖNELİK İTALYAN TEHDİDİ VE TÜRKİYE’NİN DİPLOMATİK ÇÖZÜM ARAYIŞLARI (1935-1936)
Authors: TÜRKMEN İsmet
Published: October 2023

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra İtalya, artan nüfusu karşısında önemli bir problem ile karşı karşıya gelmiş, bu durumu fırsata çevirmeye çalışan ve 1922 yılında İtalya ‘da iktidara gelen Mussolini, ülkesinin dış politikasında ciddi değişimlere giderken, daha önce vazgeçilen Türkiye emellerini de tekrar gündeme gelmiştir. 1929 Dünya Ekonomik Krizi’nin İtalya üzerinde yarattığı olumsuzluk mali durum Mussolini’nin yeni arayışlara yönelmesini tetiklemiş ve bu yönde 19 Mart 1934’teki açıklamasında İtalya ‘nın istikbalinin Avrupa’dan daha ziyade, daha çok Afrika ve Asya ‘da olduğunu ifade etmesi; İtalya’nın Orta ve Yakın Doğu’da yayılma emellerini ortaya çıkarmış ve bu durum Türkiye’yi rahatsız etmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, uluslararası siyasette saygınlığını arttıran Türk Hükûmeti, İtalyan yönetiminin emellerini takip etmek suretiyle gerçekleşmesi muhtemel değişimlere karşı siyaset geliştirme gayretiyle hareket etmiştir. dönemin Dışişleri Bakanlığı Genel Sekreter Vekili Mehmet Emin Ali Türkgeldi, farklı Avrupa merkezlerindeki Türkiye büyükelçiliklerinden sağlanan verileri de merkeze alarak Avrupa’daki politik değişimleri ele alan altmış dört sayfalık bir rapor hazırlamıştır. İtalya’nın Akdeniz siyaseti özelinde de önemli tespit ve değerlendirmeleri Türkiye’nin bu savaş öncesinde bölgeye ilişkin politikaları bağlamında fevkalade yol gösterici olmuştur. Araştırmanın yöntemi, veri toplama tekniği olarak doküman analizine dayanmaktadır. Araştırma konusu ile ilgili olarak başta akademisyenler, gazeteciler ve araştırmacılar tarafından derlenmiş, hazırlanmış ve yayınlanmış kitaplar, makaleler, raporlar, haberler, yorumlar gibi verilerden yararlanılmıştır. Döneme ilişkin belgelerin çalışmaya ışık tutması amacıyla Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivinden yararlanılmıştır.
New York Heart Association Class and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire in Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Huo Xiqian , Pu Boxuan , Wang Wei , Peng Yue , Li Jingkuo , Lei Lubi , Zhang Lihua , Li Jing
Published: October 2023

Importance

Sparse data exist regarding how clinician-assigned New York Heart Association (NYHA) class compares with heart failure (HF)–specific Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) in acute HF.

Objective

To compare concordance between NYHA class and KCCQ overall summary score (KCCQ-OS) in acute HF and investigate associations of changes in NYHA class and KCCQ-OS with long-term outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, patients with HF were enrolled from 52 hospitals in China between August 2016 and May 2018. Among patients with NYHA class and KCCQ-OS at admission and 1 month, levels of each scale were categorized into 4 groups from worst to best. Mild and moderate to severe discordance were defined as NYHA class and KCCQ-OS differing by 1 level or 2 or more levels, respectively. Multivariable models evaluated associations between improvements in the 2 measures and outcomes. Analysis was conducted from January to March 2023.

Exposure

Changes in NYHA class and KCCQ-OS from admission to 1 month.

Main Outcomes and Measures

All-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, or first HF rehospitalization.

Results

A total of 2683 patients (1709 [63.7%] male; median [IQR] age, 66 [56-75] years) were included. NYHA class II, III, and IV were presented in 374 patients (13.9%), 1179 patients (44.0%), and 1130 patients (42.1%), respectively, and the median (IQR) KCCQ-OS was 44.4 (28.3-61.9). Concordance, mild discordance, and moderate to severe discordance between admission NYHA class and KCCQ-OS occurred in 954 patients (35.6%), 1203 patients (44.8%), and 526 patients (19.6%), respectively. For KCCQ-OS, kernel density overlaps were 73.6% between NYHA II and III, 63.8% between NYHA II and IV, and 88.3% between NYHA III and IV. Most patients experienced improvements in NYHA and KCCQ-OS from admission to 1 month. After adjustment, there was no significant association between improvements in NYHA class and 4-year all-cause mortality, whereas 5 or more point improvements in KCCQ-OS were independently associated with a lower risk of 4-year mortality (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74-0.96; P = .01). NYHA class and KCCQ-OS improvements were both associated with decreased risk of 1-year composite cardiovascular death or HF rehospitalization.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of acute HF, discordance between NYHA class and KCCQ was common, and KCCQ was more relevant to subsequent mortality than NYHA class.
Elevation, canopy cover and grass cover structure patterns of seedling establishment in a subtropical post‐fire restoration
Authors: Warneke Christopher , Brudvig Lars A. , Gregg Makani , McDaniel Sierra , Yelenik Stephanie
Published: October 2023

Ecological restoration is beneficial to ecological communities in this era of large‐scale landscape change and ecological disruption. However, restoration outcomes are notoriously variable, which makes fine‐scale decision‐making challenging. This is true for restoration efforts that follow large fires, which are increasingly common as the climate changes.

Post‐fire restoration efforts, like tree planting and seeding have shown mixed success, though the causes of the variation in restoration outcomes remain unclear. Abiotic factors such as elevation and fire severity, as well as biotic factors, such as residual canopy cover and abundance of competitive understorey grasses, can vary across a burned area and may all influence the success of restoration efforts to re‐establish trees following forest fires.

We examined the effect of these factors on the early seedling establishment of a tree species—māmane (Sophora chrysophylla)—in a subtropical montane woodland in Hawaiʻi. Following a human‐caused wildfire, we sowed seeds of māmane as part of a restoration effort. We co‐designed a project to examine māmane seedling establishment.

We found that elevation was of overriding importance, structuring total levels of plant establishment, with fewer seedlings establishing at higher elevations. Residual canopy cover was positively correlated with seedling establishment, while cover by invasive, competitive understorey grasses very weakly positively correlated with increased seedling establishment.

Our results point to specific factors structuring plant establishment following a large fire and suggest additional targeted restoration actions within this subtropical system. For example, if greater native woody recruitment is a management goal, then actions could include targeted seed placement at lower elevations where establishment is more likely, increased seeding densities at high elevation where recruitment rates are lower, and/or invasive grass removal prior to seeding. Such actions may result in faster native ecosystem recovery, which is a goal of local land managers.
Functionalized Chitosan Decorated Hafnium Oxide@Gold Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Multimodal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Gupta Aastha , Sood Ankur , Bhardwaj Dimpy , Shrimali Nishith , Singhmar Ritu , Chaturvedi Shubhra , Guchhait Prasenjit , Agrawal Garima
Published: October 2023

Herein, the fabrication of chitosan stabilized multifunctional hafnium oxide@gold core–shell nanoparticles (HAT NPs) (≈12 nm) is described. The developed nanoparticulate system offers multimodal action by providing stimuli responsive anticancer drug delivery along with imparting radiosensitization to cancer cells, thereby protecting surrounding normal tissues from damage. HAT NPs exhibit good capability of loading doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug with ≈87% encapsulation efficiency. DOX loaded HAT NPs are able to release ≈91% DOX under GSH reducing conditions, that is a representative of the cancer cell microenvironment. The cytotoxicity of the developed DOX loaded HAT NPs is tested against breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231) showing higher cytotoxicity as compared to free DOX. In addition, the ability of HAT NPs to generate ROS activity upon irradiation by gamma radiations (0.5 & 5 Gy) is also analyzed in cancer cells to demonstrate the ability of synthesized system as a potent candidate to present radio sensitization. Further, in vivo biodistribution studies are executed to understand the tissue specific retention of HAT NPs for their future utility in targeted cancer treatment applications.
Neuroendocrine responsivity to monoaminergic system probes in generalized social phobia
Authors: Tancer Manuel E. , Mailman Richard B. , Stein Murray B. , Mason George A. , Carson Stanley W. , Golden Robert N.
Published: October 2023

We examined neuroendocrine correlates of central monoamine function in patients with the generalized type of social phobia compared to healthy volunteers in order to test hypotheses of dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and/or serotonergic dysregulation in patients with this disorder.

A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, neuropharmacological challenge study was performed using probes for the serotonergic (fenfluramine), dopaminergic (levodopa), and noradrenergic (clonidine) systems.

Twenty‐one patients with DSM‐III‐R social phobia (generalized type) and 22 “never mentally ill” volunteers participated in the study after providing informed consent.

Patients with social phobia had an augmented cortisol response to fenfluramine administration compared to the volunteers. In contrast, we found that neither the prolactin response to fenfluramine, the growth hormone or norepinephrine response to clonidine, nor the prolactin or eye‐blink responses to levodopa, differed between patients with social phobia and healthy volunteers.

The findings suggest that patients with social phobia may exhibit selective super‐sensitivity of serotonergic systems, but that dopaminergic and noradrenergic Junction appear normal. Further challenge studies with more specific serotonin probes before and after treatment may assist in the clarification of the pathophysiology of social phobia. Anxiety 1:216–223 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social media marketing content strategy: A comprehensive framework and empirically supported guidelines for brand posts on Facebook pages
Authors: Drossos Dimitris , Coursaris Constantinos , Kagiouli Eleni
Published: October 2023

Despite all the marketing power social media marketing has, a major challenge it faces is how to create meaningful content that ignites a spark with audiences. The purpose of this research is to examine in what way brands can produce compelling social media content to engage and connect with target audiences. Eighteen brand Facebook Pages from nine major industries were reviewed to identify characteristics of content associated with higher levels of user engagement. Results show that multimedia content, transformational appeal, low levels of interactivity, and endorser type influence user engagement with brand posts on Facebook. Posts made on weekdays demonstrate higher levels of positive reactions than posts made during the weekends. In addition, consumer engagement is higher for service‐ (vs. product‐based) Facebook brand posts. Furthermore, the length of the message proved to play a key role in prompting users to share a social media post, in that longer posts were more likely to be shared than shorter ones.
Synergistic and Additive Effects of Menadione in Combination with Antibiotics on Multidrug‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Insights from Structure‐Function Analysis of Naphthoquinones
Authors: Mone Nishigandha S. , Syed Sahil , Ravichandiran Palanisamy , Kamble Ekta E. , Pardesi Karishma R. , Salunke‐Gawali Sunita , Rai Mansi , Vikram Singh Ajay , Prasad Dakua Sarada , Park Byung‐Hyun , Yoo Dong Jin , Satpute Surekha K.
Published: October 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) interferes with the effective treatment of infections and increases the risk of microbial spread and infection‐related illness and death. The synergistic activities of combinations of antimicrobial compounds offer satisfactory approaches to some extent. Structurally diverse naphthoquinones (NQs) including menadione (−CH3 group at C2) exhibit substantial antimicrobial activities against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens. We explored the combinations of menadione with antibiotic ciprofloxacin or ampicillin against Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilms. We found an additive (0.5<FICI
1.0) and synergistic (FICI≤0.5) effect of menadione with ciprofloxacin and ampicillin, respectively. High reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity and inhibition of biofilm formation (>90 %) were also observed. However, preformed biofilms were not affected. Dent formation was also evident in S. aureus treated with the test compounds. The structure‐function relationship (SFR) of NQs was used to determine and predict their activity pattern against pathogens. Analysis of 10 structurally distinct NQs revealed that the compounds with −Cl, −Br, −CH3, or −OH groups displayed the lowest MICs (32–256 μg/mL). Furthermore, 1,4‐NQs possessing a halogen or −CH3 moiety showed elevated ROS activity, whereas molecules with an −OH group affected cell integrity. Improved activity of antimicrobial combinations and SFR approaches are significant in antimicrobial therapies.
Assessing unmanned aerial vehicle‐based imagery for breeding applications in St. Augustinegrass under drought and non‐drought conditions
Authors: Rockstad Greta B. G. , Austin Robert E. , Gouveia Beatriz T. , Carbajal Esdras M. , Milla‐Lewis Susana R.
Published: October 2023

The use of imagery collected from small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in turfgrass breeding has rapidly increased, as has the demand to develop drought‐resistant cultivars. However, prior to adopting UAVs to help guide turfgrass selection under drought stress conditions, a clear understanding of the value and predictive ability of imagery‐based turfgrass characterization is required. In St. Augustinegrass, a major warm‐season turfgrass species grown in the Southeastern United States, limited research has been published about characterizing drought stress using aerial imagery. Specifically, no efforts have compared the various vegetation indices (VIs) commonly used to evaluate vegetative health in other species and sought to identify the most useful index for phenotyping drought stress traits in St. Augustinegrass. In this study, traditional ground‐based approaches for measuring percent green cover (PGC) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were compared against their UAV‐derived counterparts as well as 13 VIs under drought and non‐drought conditions, and broad‐sense heritability (H2) was calculated. A population of 115 genotypes from a ‘‘Raleigh’’ × ‘‘Seville’’ cross were analyzed at two environmentally distinct field sites in North Carolina. At both sites, a significant relationship between ground‐based and UAV‐derived measurements for PGC and NDVI was observed before and during drought (r = 0.82 to 0.95) and suggests a clear advantage to using UAVs for phenotyping drought traits given the reduced time and labor costs compared to on‐ground efforts. Among all VIs compared, UAV‐derived NDVI (NDVI‐U) showed strong correlation with the PGC taken on the ground (r > 0.85), a similar trend over time, and a higher H2 estimate under drought conditions, suggesting that NDVI‐U has the potential to assist in the selection of St. Augustinegrass genotypes with the best phenotypic response to drought. Implementing UAV imagery‐based high‐throughput methods will allow breeders to evaluate germplasm with unbiased quantitative consistency, quickly and thoroughly, and with increased frequency—all without sacrificing the response to selection potential.
Life insurance consumption across generations: The roles of financial knowledge, planning horizon, and self‐control
Authors: Rey‐Ares Lucía , Fernández‐López Sara , Castro‐González Sandra
Published: October 2023

Life insurance enhances households' capacity to absorb financial shocks and protects against personal risks that no one likes to contemplate. This is even more important in times of economic hardship such as now, when many Europe countries and particularly Spain are going through difficult times due to rising inflation, the war in Ukraine, and the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. Although previous studies have analysed the driving forces of life insurance demand, the influence of the individual's financial planning horizon, financial knowledge, and financial self‐control have been underexplored. This study analyses the influence of personal financial attributes on life insurance demand and, in so doing, explores whether the effects of such attitudes differ across different generational cohorts (i.e., the silent generation, baby boomers, Gen Xers, and millennials). The data, taken from the Survey of Financial Competences, comprises 7245 Spanish individuals. Evidence from multivariate analyses reflects the relevance of standard sociodemographic characteristics in explaining individuals' decisions to become life insurance holders. In contrast, evidence does not support a statistically significant relationship in the case of behavioural variables such as financial self‐control and the financial planning horizon.
An Assessment of Recent Pharmacy Graduates' Knowledge and Competency, Professional Practice Functions, and Involvement in Pharmacy Teaching Programs
Authors: Bond C.A. , Pitterle Michael E. , Raehl Cynthia L.
Published: October 2023

Study Objectives. To determine self‐evaluated professional knowledge and competency, functions, demographic information, lifelong learning, degree and training status, practice sites, involvement in pharmacy teaching programs, and salary for recent pharmacy graduates.

Design. A survey of recent Bachelor of Science (B.S.) pharmacy graduates of the University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy.

Measurements and Main Results. A total of 371 B.S. pharmacy graduates (55% response rate) provided information. Graduates who had an advanced degree or training (from many programs) after completing their B.S. pharmacy degree, and those who were teaching in pharmacy programs generally had higher self‐rated levels of knowledge and competencies. Hospital pharmacists spent less of their work time in dispensing activities (33.82% ± 30.39%) than community pharmacists (61.04% ± 19.97%;t=8.78,df = 288, p<0.001); community pharmacists spent twice as much of their work time counseling and educating patients (16.65% ± 10.47% vs 7.13% ± 7.39%;t= 9.06,df = 288, p<0.001). The amount of time pharmacists spent in dispensing functions had a negative association with knowledge and competencies in the sections on pharmacokinetic and disease process (r=−0.277, p<0.01), patient communications (r=−0.272, p<0.01), and administrative and economic aspects of practice (r=−0.210, p<0.01) for all respondents. Pharmacists reported that they spent 13.78 ± 14.06 hours per month outside work in professional lifelong learning. There was a negative association between the time pharmacists spent dispensing and the time they spent in professional lifelong learning (r=−0.239, p<0.001), and a positive relationship between the time spent in such learning and the time providing information to prescribers and other health care professionals (r=0.214, p<0.001), monitoring patients (r=0.216, p<0.001), and performing primary care activities (r=0.176, p<0.001). Graduates reported a mean yearly salary of $46,879 ± $8183. More hospital pharmacists were involved in teaching (48, 37%) than those practicing in a community setting (19, 12%).

Conclusions. Practice site, advanced degree or training, lifelong learning, involvement in teaching programs, and time spent in various professional functions were associated with pharmacists' self‐rated knowledge and competencies. (Pharmacotherapy 1994;14(6):712–723)
Ampicillin‐Sulbactam versus Cefoxitin for Prophylaxis in High‐Risk Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Paladino Joseph A. , Rainstein Miguel A. , Serrianne Deborah J. , Przylucki John E. , Welage Lynda S. , Collura Mario L. , Schentag Jerome J.
Published: October 2023

This double‐blind study compared ampicillin‐sulbactam 3 g versus cefoxitin 2 g in 136 adult patients at risk for developing an infection after abdominal surgery. Separate randomization schedules were used for colorectal, upper gastrointestinal/biliary, and other abdominal procedures. Study antibiotics were administered within 30 minutes before incision and repeated 6 hours later. Patients having colorectal surgery received a third dose of antibiotic 6 hours after the second. Efficacy evaluations were made on 123 patients, 62 in the ampicillin‐sulbactam group and 61 in the cefoxitin group. The overall postoperative infection rates were 12.9% for ampicillin‐sulbactam and 9.8% for cefoxitin (p>0.05); one wound infection occurred in each group. Adverse events were experienced by 13.2% of the ampicillin‐sulbactam and 19.1% of the cefoxitin recipients (p>0.05). Cost‐minimization analysis revealed that ampicillin‐sulbactam was a cost‐effective alternative to cefoxitin for the prevention of infection after abdominal surgery.