bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An insight into the bioacoustics of some anurans of Meghalaya, India (Amphibia: Anura)
Authors: Warjri Holiness , Purkayastha Jayaditya , Das Madhurima
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an analysis of the temporal and spectral acoustic variables of nine anuran species across six families living in Meghalaya. The species accounted for in the study include the Jerdon’s tree frog Hyla annectans, the Long-tongued Forest Frog Hylarana leptoglossa, Northern Pointed-Snout Frog Clinotarsus alticola, Mymensingh Chorus Frog Microhyla mymensinghensis, Beautiful Painted Frog Kaloula pulchra, Double-spotted Oranged Webbed Tree Frog Rhacophorus bipunctatus, Shillong Bush Frog Raorchestes shillongensis, Pierrei Cricket Frog Minervarya pierrei, and Smith’s Litter Toad Leptobrachium smithi. For four out of nine species (Hylarana leptoglossa, Clinotarsus alticola, Microhyla mymensinghensis, and Rhacophorus bipunctatus), this is the first account of their calls; the remnant five recordings add considerable knowledge to the species’ acoustic variability. This study opens up potential benefits for taxonomy, ecology, and conservation.
Older Adults with Ph Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: a Monocentric Experience on Consecutive Patients Aged More than 55 years
Authors: Borlenghi Erika , Zollner Tatiana , Rossi Giuseppe , Pagani Chiara , Malagola Michele , Sottini Alessandra , Bertoli Diego , Tonelli Mariella , Chiarini Marco , Cattaneo Chiara , Leopaldo Rossella , Passi Angela , Masina Lorenzo , Federico Francesca , Giupponi Carlotta , Tucci Alessandra
Published: October 2024

Background: Treating with curative intent elderly patients affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an unmet clinical need. Comorbidities, lower tolerance to organ toxicities, and poor disease-related prognostic features make it difficult to cure these patients.
Objectives: To analyze the outcome of ALL elderly patients aged over 55 years treated intensively or with the best supportive care (BSC) over the last 20 years.
Variation In Response to Limb Loading Instruction on Knee Mechanics During Squatting in Early Recovery Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sigward Susan , Ma Willa
Published: October 2024

Context

On average, individuals in early recovery following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) improve limb loading symmetry (LLS) with instruction to equalize weight distribution between limbs during squats. However, the extent to which these instructions improve knee extensor loading symmetry (KLS) or reduce intra-limb compensations is not known.

Objective

Determine how limb loading instructions influence knee and intra-limb loading in individuals 3-4 months post-ACLr and to explore variations in responses across individuals.

Design

Controlled Laboratory study

Setting

Research Laboratory

Patients

Individuals 109.4 days (18.2 days) post-ACLr (n=20) and healthy matched controls (CTRL; n=19)

Intervention

Participants performed double limb squats in natural (N; no instruction) and instructed (IN; instruction to evenly distribute weight between limbs) conditions.

Main Outcome Measures

Between limb and knee loading symmetry were calculated as the ratio of vertical ground reaction force and knee extensor moment impulse, between surgical(Sx):matched and non-surgical(NSx):matched limbs (ACLr:control), respectively. Intra- limb hip/knee (H/K) extensor loading distribution was calculated in Sx:matched limbs.

Results

LLS (N: 0.86; IN: 0.93, P < 0.001; ES:0.83) and KLS (N: 0.54; IN: 0.62, P=0.007; ES:0.67) improved with instruction in the ACLr group with no change in CTRL. H/K ratio did not change for either group. K-means clustering, considering natural and change (natural- instructed) in LLS, KLS, and H/K ratio, described response to instruction across three clusters: 1) ACLr: n=3; CTRL: n=9, were symmetrical in both conditions, 2) ACLr: n=14, showed some improvement in symmetry, 3) ACLr: n=3, only improved LLS.

Conclusions

Average data suggests that weightbearing instruction improved LLS to within 7%, but a 38% knee loading deficit remained, and intra-limb compensation did not improve. Data- driven clusters indicate that three ACLr subjects were similar to controls, fourteen improved LLS, KLS and H/K distribution, and three only improved LLS with worsening KLS and H/K.
The relationship between knee joint effusion and quadriceps strength and activation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction.
Authors: Johnson Alexa K. , McCollin Taylor , Garcia Steven A. , Wojtys Edward M. , Krishnan Chandramouli , Palmieri-Smith Riann M.
Published: October 2024

Context

Knee joint effusion and quadriceps strength and activation deficits are common consequences of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. The presence of an effusion may initiate or worsen the quadriceps dysfunction present after ACL trauma. In simulated effusion studies, evidence indicates an inverse relationship between effusion size and quadriceps dysfunction. While this relationship was not found in patients after ACL injury, prior research was limited by a subjective clinical assessment of effusion grade.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine if the size of the knee joint effusion, measured via ultrasound, after ACL injury and reconstruction influences quadriceps strength and activation.

Design

Descriptive Laboratory Study.

Setting

Research Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

41 individuals (23 females, age=21.8±7.5years, height =171.7±7.9cm, 15 mass =72.3±14.2kg), with an ACL injury reported for 2 sessions [one before 16 reconstruction and one ∽16 weeks after ACL reconstruction].

Main Outcome Measure

Three ultrasound images of the suprapatellar pouch and three trials of quadriceps strength and activation using the interpolated twitch technique were gathered from the ACL knee. Effusion cross-sectional area was measured using ImageJ, averaged and inputted into linear regression models to predict muscle strength and interpolated twitch activation. Analyses were considered significant at p≤0.05.

Results

No relationship was found between effusion size and strength (R2 = 0.086) or activation (R2=0.056) after ACL injury (p>0.05). After reconstruction, however, there was a small negative relationship between effusion size 24 and activation (R2=0.122; Standardized β=−0.349; p=0.025), while no relationship was found for effusion size and strength (R2=0.000; p≤0.05).

Conclusions

The size of the effusion after ACL injury does not influence strength or activation. However, after ACL reconstruction, effusion size does have a small influence on quadriceps activation, with a larger effusion being related to lower activation. Prior research using simulated effusions appear to overestimate the effects of effusion on quadriceps function.
Complimentary/Alternative Medicine
Authors: Jobson Roy
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
Do Family Practitioners know enough about anti-retroviral drugs?
Authors: Ogunbanjo Gboyega A.
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
Family Communication and AIDS: A Strategy
Authors: Marincowitz G.M. , Hugo J.F.M. , Jobson M.R. , Mashele S.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: One year after a weekend workshop was held (at the request of a local community), some of the participants were still implementing what had been learnt at the workshop setting. The workshop had two mdn components: 'communication in the family' and 'AIDS'.Method: A qualitative research project using an'exploratory case study method' approach was undertaken to evaluate the 'successful components' of the workhops. Free-attitude interviews in the participants own language were undertaken and analysed for common themes. The themes were ordered and combined into a set of common themes, which were then amalgamated to create a schema.Results: The central and most striking components of the model are 'lmproved Communication', a 'Change in Self', and ability to 'Talk about Sensitive lssues'. 'lmproved communication with neighbours' was an unexpected finding. The benefits and changes were recognised by the participants themselves as well as by members of the community.Conclusion: In those participants who were successful in implementing the changes suggested during the workhop,the changes were sustained for at least a year afterwards. This form of research has particular relevance in highlighting subtle aspects, which may be overlooked in both quantitative and traditional qualitative methodologies. The research is also suggestive that coaching people in the art of respectful communication may well be one of the most appropriate strategies in tackling the stranglehold of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in our country.
AIDS: Views of Rural High School Students as expressed an Essay Competition
Authors: Couper I.D. , Moore C.
Published: October 2024

An essay competition for high school students in the Manguzi sub-district of KwaZuluNatal, with the topic "AIDS:What can we do?" provided an opportunity to gain insights into students' understanding of the disease. The 668 entries were scrutinised and the expressed ideas ofthe students were grouped into a number of themes, which included the meaning of Al DS, transmission and prevention of AIDS, the reason for and threat of AIDS, and possible solutions to the problem of AIDS. Although students demonstrated good awareness ofthe issues around HIV/AIDS,they also expressed much confusion and misunderstanding, together with a desire for more information. The concepts expressed by students can help to inform educational programmes in high schools.
The lifestyle factors of medical doctors in academic hospitals, Bloemfontein, Free State
Authors: Alexander Deepa C. , Lessing Leané , Botes Huibré , Conradie Fredré , Jansen van Rensburg Lu-Zahn , Nel Karien , Pienaar Emmarentia , Prinsloo Maryke , Sinclair Lialma , Van Rooyen Cornel
Published: October 2024

Background: Lifestyle factors of medical doctors are essential to their health and well-being. Previous studies omitted factors that constituted a healthy lifestyle and did not differentiate between various medical specialties or level of seniority which may expose doctors to different stress levels, workload and responsibility. The study assessed the lifestyle factors of medical doctors and compared them between departments, levels of seniority, years of experience and gender according to globally recognised health standards.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study collected data using a questionnaire created by the researchers based on healthy lifestyle factors and was administered online. Access was given to all doctors from four large departments, employed at two academic hospitals in Bloemfontein, Free State who agreed to participate in the study.Results: Consultants from paediatrics, with 6+ years in medical practice, had the healthiest lifestyles. Registrars and interns from surgical disciplines such as obstetrics and gynaecology and surgery, with 1–5 years of medical practice, showed unhealthy lifestyles with inadequate sleep and exercise.Conclusion: The challenge remains how medical doctors can live a healthy lifestyle while managing a demanding schedule. This may impact on the management of their patients and the doctors’ overall health and well-being. We recommend improving the working conditions by providing healthy meals on-site at hospitals with adequate breaks, reducing the heavy workload and providing exercise facilities.Contribution: The findings from this article may help improve the lifestyles of the identified groups of at-risk doctors and assist them in seeking ways to improve upon this.
Evaluation of Child Anthropometries in Relation to Modern Vehicle
Seat and Booster Dimensions
Authors: Baker Gretchen H. , Connell Rosalie R. , Rhodes Carrie A. , Mansfield Julie A.
Published: October 2024

This study compared modern vehicle and booster geometries with relevant child
anthropometries. Vehicle geometries (seat length, seat pan height, shoulder belt
outlet height, and roof height) were obtained for 275 center and outboard rear
seating positions of US vehicles (MY 2009–2022). Measurements of 85 US boosters
(pan height and pan length) and anthropometries of 80 US children between 4–14yo
(seated height, thigh length, leg length, and seated shoulder height) were also
collected. Comparisons were made between vehicles, boosters, and child
anthropometries. Average vehicle seat lengths exceeded child thigh lengths
(+9.5cm). Only 16.4% of seating positions had seat lengths less than the child
thigh length mean+1SD. Even for children at least 145cm, only 18.8% had thigh
lengths greater than the average vehicle seat length. Child thigh lengths were
more comparable with average booster seat pan lengths for all multi-mode and
high-back designs (-2.0cm) and low-back boosters (+3.1cm). The average observed
booster pan height (9.9cm) would help most children achieve seated shoulder
heights similar to the Hybrid III 5th percentile Female ATD. Compared to vehicle
seats, booster geometries were more compatible with child thigh lengths and
assist children in achieving seated shoulder heights more comparable to the
vehicle restraint system. This emphasizes the continued need for shorter vehicle
seat cushion lengths for these occupants and the need to educate caregivers and
promote booster recommendations which highlight the importance of achieving
proper belt fit and avoiding slouched postures, even for children greater than 8
years and/or 145cm.
Isolated Rib Response and Fracture Prediction for Young Mid-Size
Male, Enabled by Population Specific Material Models and Rib Cross-Sectional
Geometry
Authors: Corrales Miguel A. , Cronin Duane S. , Holcombe Sven , Agnew Amanda M. , Kang Yun-Seok
Published: October 2024

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A problemática do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas na comunidade estudantil universitária Angolana e Checa
Authors: Manuel Fernandes
Published: October 2024

This article presents us with one of the most pressing problems facing our society, excessive drinking. It aims to analyze the problem of alcohol consumption among university students, Angolan and Czech students participated in the sample. To achieve our purpose, we resorted to a descriptive-cross-sectional study, using questionnaires with 20 questions on a sample of 100 Angolan and Czech university students. The results show that Czech students are the ones who consume alcohol most frequently, the ones who consume it earlier, on the other hand, Angolan students showed to be the most socially influenced to consume alcohol, the ones with greater abstinence within the family. The Czechs use alcohol to improve their mood and good mood, while the Angolans enjoy the pleasant taste. It was concluded that, in both groups, there are only attitudinal and not behavioral differences, suggesting the need for preventive efforts.
Drug use and divorce rates in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Krokeyi Wisdom Selekekeme , Scent Grace Aje-Tonye
Published: October 2024

This study examines the relaonship between drug use and divorce rates in Bayelsa State Nigeria, it ulized survey design, using  quesonnaire to obtain data with a purposive sample size of 420. The data was analyzed using the Logisc and the Probit regression techniques. It was found that drug consumpon, frequency of drug consumpon and misuse of drug had a posive and insignificant impact  on divorce among drug consumers. 2 The Pseudo R presented in column (1) shows that the variables in the model explain approximately  68.56% change in the divorce rate. The likelihood chi-square value of 30.53 (p = 0.0000) means that the variables jointly significantly affect  the rate of divorce. The pvalue for hats is 0.239. The non-significant hatsq means good regression model adequacy. Also, the insignificant  Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test is evidence of the overall goodness of fit of the regression model. Sensizaon of the dangers  associated with the abuse of drug, frequent consumpon of drug and the use of drug without a medical doctor's prescripon is  recommended.
Virulence and resistance genes in Campylobacter spp isolated from asymptomatic children at Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Mureithi Gachau , Makobe Celestine , Gitahi Nduhiu , Wandia Beatrice , Brian Ben , Lelo Eric
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND                                   
Campylobacter spp. are among the global causes of food poisoning and harbour virulence and resistance genes which play a role in invasion and antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to detect selected resistance and virulence genes in archived Campylobacter spp. isolated from children in Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya.
MATERIALS AND METHODS                             
This was a retrospective laboratory-based cross-sectional study on archived samples of Campylobacter spp. at the Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi. Campylobacter isolates were cultured on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) media. The presence of selected virulence genes and resistance genes was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). STATA13 was used in data analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to ascertain the association between the genes and the Campylobacter spp.
RESULTS                                                                 
The Campylobacter spp. under this study were Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) (50%), Campylobacter coli (C. coli) (38%) and Campylobacter lari (C. lari) (12%). The virulence genes detected were cgtB 37 (25%), pldA (20%), cdtA (17%), cdtB (16%), cdtC (6%), wlaN (5%), iam (4%), ciaB (4%) and VirB11 (3%). The virulence gene waaC was not detected in any of the isolates. The resistance genes detected were TetA (42%), Tet B (26%), GyrB (18%) and GyrA (14%).
CONCLUSION                                                       
The study revealed the presence of various virulence and resistance genes in Campylobacter spp. isolated from children. This information could help guide the development and enhancement of guidelines for the management of Campylobacter infections.
Sensorineural hearing loss among hypertensive patients attending cardiac institute in Tanzania: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Massawe Enica Richard , Mongi Benjamin , Kishevo Perfect , Pallangyo Pedro
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION                                 
Hypertension is among non-communicable diseases worldwide and it has been associated with sensorineural hearing loss. Almost 1.39 billion people (1 out of 4 adults) have hypertension and this figure is expected to increase. In Sub-Saharan Africa, hypertension is the leading cause of death and disability. Hypertension is associated with sensorineural hearing loss by compromising the blood supply in the cochlea.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS                               
An assessment of the proportion and patterns of sensorineural hearing loss among hypertensive patients was conducted. 191 patients aged 18 years and above were recruited. History and physical examination including blood pressure, and otoscopy were done. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was conducted.
RESULTS                                                         
Patients aged from 36 to 88 years with a mean age of 60 years and a standard deviation of 10. The patients aged between 61–76 years accounted for 85 (44.5%), whereas 29–44 and > 76 years accounted for 12 (6.3%) each. The female-to-male ratio was 1:1. Sensorineural hearing loss was detected in 144 (75.4%), commonly above 76 years of age which was 11 (91.7%. Mild sensorineural hearing loss was the most common degree revealed. There was no relationship between the degree of sensorineural hearing loss and the grades of hypertension (p-value of 0.113). No relationship between the duration of hypertension with the severity of hearing loss, p-value =0.369.
CONCLUSION                                                         
The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss among hypertensive patients was 75.4%. The bilateral and mild degree was the commonest presentation. Increasing age was found to be associated with increased hearing loss. The duration and grade of hypertension were not related to the severity of hearing loss.
Factors related to sepsis in critical care setting in Rwanda selected referral hospital
Authors: Mwiseneza Innocent , Nkomeje Aurelia , Umuhoza Aline , Mukwesi Christian , Hategekimana Sylvestre
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND                                                 
Sepsis is described as potentially fatal organ failure induced by an unbalanced host response to infection. Annual estimates put the number of sepsis cases at over 19 million. The number of sepsis-related deaths is estimated to reach 5 million, with the vast majority happening in LMICs. However, such information is required to increase awareness of sepsis's global impact, especially in developing countries like Rwanda. The study aimed to evaluate the factors related to sepsis in a critical care setting in Rwanda's selected referral hospital.
METHODOLOGY                                                       
A cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach was conducted and simple random sampling was used. Files of 191 study participants and a structured questionnaire were used in data collection, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression in SPSS version 21 was used in data analysis, and results were presented in tables.
RESULTS                                                                 
The prevalence of sepsis was 40.3%. By plotting bivariate analysis the results showed that sepsis was significantly associated with the following variables; self-employed as an occupation with (OR=0.216, 95%CI:0.047-0.987) p 0.48 taking reference for unemployed; pneumonia with sepsis at (OR=1.993, 95%CI:0.657-6.043) p 0.023, systemic infection (OR=0.329, 95%CI:0.104-1.044) p 0.059; other procedure with (OR=4.735,95%CI:1.509- 14.855); procedure timeframe not mentioned with (OR=0.123,95%CI:0.027-0.553) p 0.032; hospitalized 15 days and more with OR=6.697 (95%CI:0.809-59.863) and p 0.032.
CONCLUSION                                                       
The prevalence of sepsis was 40.3% and factors related to sepsis include; occupation, having pneumonia, systemic infection, timeframe for carrying out the procedure, and patient being hospitalized for 15 days and more.
Patient factors associated with complementary and alternative medicine use among cancer patients at a county referral hospital, Kenya
Authors: Etole Bravin George , Oluchina Sherry , Mbithi Bernard Wambua
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND                                               
Despite numerous global reports on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), no studies have been published regarding its use at Machakos Level 5 Hospital. Therefore, this study aims to identify patient-related factors associated with CAM use among cancer patients at this Level 5 hospital in Kenya.
METHODOLOGY                                                     
A mixed method, cross-sectional design was implemented at Machakos level five hospital in Kenya. A Census was carried out, using a face-to-face researcher-administered questionnaire among 80 cancer patients receiving treatment at the clinic. Critically ill and mentally unstable patients were excluded. A Chi-square test assessed variable associations, considering p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Logistic regression analyzed variable relationships.
RESULTS                                                         
 Gender was significantly associated with CAM use (p=0.014). Regression analysis revealed that Male patients were 79% less likely to use CAM (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.042-1.003, p=0.050). Patients who had received radiotherapy were likely to use CAM (p=0.032), however, on regression analysis there was no significant association. Believes that CAM improves health (χ2=9.231, p-0.010), supports conventional treatment (χ2=15.620, p-0.001), cures cancer (χ2=12.661, p-0.002), manages treatment side effects (χ2=11.045, p-0.004), relieves cancer symptoms (χ2=9.008, p-0.011), promotes self-healing (χ2=16.969, p-0.001), and gives hope (χ2=17.512, p-0.001) were significantly associated with CAM use.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. 
 There was a significant association between patient characteristics and CAM use among cancer patients. Improving patient-healthcare worker communication could encourage reporting of CAM usage. Further research is needed to explore the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of CAM in cancer patients.
Preparation of flower-like hierarchical structure SnO2/g-C3N4 and its ethanol gas-sensitive properties
Authors: Li Xiao-Dong , Pang Jia-Wen
Published: October 2024

The flower-like hierarchical structured SnO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were successfully prepared by one-step hydrothermal method with high-temperature calcination. The structure and morphology of the synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption. The gas-sensitive performance of the pure SnO2 and SnO2/g-C3N4 sensors were investigated and compared towards ethanol gas. The results showed that the response of the SnO2/g-C3N4 composites to 100 ppm ethanol gas at 200 °C was 18.88, which was 2.09 times that of pure SnO2, with response and recovery time of 2 s and 13 s. In addition, the gas sensor has excellent selectivity for ethanol gas, good repeatability, and long-term stability. These gas-sensitive properties of the flower-like graded structure SnO2/g-C3N4 to ethanol gas are attributed to the materials which have unique graded structure and n-n heterojunction.
KEY WORDS: Hierarchical structure, SnO2/g-C3N4, Gas sensing property
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 141-152.                                                
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.12
Synthesis, and spectroscopic characterizations of gold(III) complexes containing nitrogen-heterocycle based pyridine derivatives as a biomolecular chelates
Authors: Mohsen Q. , S. Refat Moamen
Published: October 2024

Three gold(III) nanostructured complexes of nicotinamide (nta), picolinic acid (pica), and isonicotinic acid (inta) were synthesized by the reacted of AuCl3 salt with nta, pica, and inta with 1:2 stoichiometry in the alcoholic medium. The solid products obtained were formulated by comparing experimental and calculated data for microanalytical (C, H, N) and metal. Both produce 1:2 compounds with metal ions. The prepared complexes were characterized by different physico-spectroscopic techniques. The FTIR, and 1H NMR spectral analysis, morphological analysis (scanning electron microscopy SEM, transmittance TEM, and X-ray powder diffraction XRD) of these complexes have been discussed. The conductive behavior of the complexes indicates that all of them behave as electrolytic behavior. The mononuclear gold(III) complexes have formulated as [Au(nta)2(Cl)2].Cl, [Au(pica)2].Cl and [Au(inta)2].Cl. The shifts of the ν(N–H) amino, ν(C=N) pyridine, and ν(C=O) carboxylic stretches have been monitored to find out the donor sites of the ligands. According to the experimental data, the three complexes can be characterized in the solid state as mononuclear, with a four-coordinate stereochemistry.
KEY WORDS: Gold complex, Nicotinamide, Picolinic acid, Isonicotinic acid, Nanostructure, Spectroscopic
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 111-121.                                                            
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.9
Malaria Infection in relation to parasitological indices, blood group and anaemia in pregnant women attending two health facilities in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Chessed G. , Kunihya I. Z. , Qadeer M. A. , Augustine L. M. , Zamdayu N. M. , Enock N.
Published: October 2024

Decline of maternal immunity and susceptibility to malaria had posed a detrimental effect on the maternal health and foetal outcomes. A cross-sectional study was carried out in two different secondary health facilities at General Hospital Ganye and Cottage Hospital Toungo with the aim of determining the malaria burden in relation to parasite species, parasite density, blood group and anaemia in pregnant women who booked for antenatal care as first timer irrespective of their gestational stage. A total of 471 randomly selected pregnant women who consented to the study were enrolled for the study. Blood samples were collected from each of the consented pregnant women. Thick and thin blood smear were prepared using Giemsa and examined microscopically to detect malaria parasite and infecting species, respectively. The overall prevalence of malaria was 22.9% (n=108). Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae were the two malaria species encountered with a prevalence of 78.7% and 19.4%, respectively. Mixed infection had a 1.9% prevalence. Parasite density was recorded as low (67.6%), moderate (11.1%) and severe (21.3%) with a statistical significance (P=0.000). Prevalence of malaria in relation to blood group showed that pregnant women with blood group O (51.9%) had the highest burden of malaria infection and blood group AB (6.5%) had the least, although there was no statistical significance. Non-anaemic pregnant women recorded the highest infection prevalence (37.0%). This study revealed that malaria infection is significantly associated with the infecting parasite species and parasite density. It was discovered that P. falciparum was the most predominant species in the region during the period of this research.
Structural characterization and dosimetric response evaluation of (SnO2)0.3(TiO2)0.7 thin film
Authors: Akuso C. Christopher , Umaru Ibrahim , Yusuf S. Dauda , Jude Shivil T. , Mustapha Idris M. , Mundi Abdullahi A.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effect of X-ray radiation on the I-V characteristics of (SnO2)0.3(TiO2)0.7 thin film in a voltage range of 0- 8 The thin film was developed using the aerosol assisted chemical deposition technique. The amorphous character of the films was shown by the XRD spectra, which showed peaks corresponding to SnO2 and TiO2. Smooth surface morphology with tiny poses was indicated by the FESEM picture, and 2.73 μm film thickness was identified in the cross-sectional investigation. The I-V characteristics result indicates that the electrical conductivity changes throughout a range of applied voltages, from 0 to 8 V. The I-V characteristic measurements obtained during irradiation with X-ray dosage (dose rate) ranging from 100 cGy (250 cGy/min) to 200 cGy (350 cGy/min) and a voltage range of 1.0V to 8.0 V indicate that the current increases linearly with X-ray doses and dose rate. The thin film’s ability to undergo structural changes due to X-ray radiation makes it a valuable dosimetric sensor.
Assessment of miligram(Mg) content of some notable analgesics used by residents of Maiduguri Metropolis: evidence from high performance liquid chromatographic technique
Authors: Tijjani Abubakar Babakura , Yesufu Hassan Braimah , Lawan Nafiu , Mohammed Garba T.
Published: October 2024

Diclofenac sodium and paracetamol are Over the counter (OTC) medications used as analgesic and antipyretic agents to relieve pains, fever and headaches. The aim of this work was determine the mg content of paracetamol and diclofenac sodium in selected samples across the Maiduguri metropolis using High Performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. For paracetamol samples an intersil ODS-3V column (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm pore size) was used at the temperature of 35oC the mobile phase was methanol: water (20:80) using isocratic elution at the flow rate of 2 mL/min, injection volume of 10 μL and a diode array detector. For diclofenac sodium samples, the chromatographic conditions were the same except the mobile phase which was methanol: water (63:37), flow rate of 0.8 mL min, injection volume of 20 μL and column temperature was set at 30 oC. A total of 45 samples were analysed; which comprised of paracetamol tablet, paracetamol syrup and diclofenac sodium tablet which were randomly selected from three different sources; hospital pharmacy, community pharmacy and drug patent stores. The percentage mg content for paracetamol tablets ranged from 48 to 83 % while that of the paracetamol syrups ranged from 72 to 120 % and finally diclofenac sodium tablets ranged from 73 to 174 %. Adopting the United State Pharmacopoeia (USP) as reference for assessment tool, it was observed that all the paracetamol tablet samples failed, 4 out of 15 paracetamol syrup samples failed, and 11 out of 15 diclofenac sodium tablet samples failed. There was statistical significance (p< 0.05) between class of drug and percentage mg content but there was no significance (p< 0.05) between source of drug and percentage constituent. HPLC technique was used successfully for quantitative determination of paracetamol and diclofenac sodium dosage forms.
Unraveling the influence of oxygen vacancy with and without replacement on Cu2O: A DFT Study
Authors: Idowu Ibrahim Ismail , Mohammed Lawal , Umar Sadiq , Uzairu Adamu , Yusuf Bashir , Itas Yahaya Saadu
Published: October 2024

This study delves into the structural and electronic effects of oxygen vacancies in Cu2O using density functional theory (DFT) enhanced with Hubbard U corrections (DFT+U). A 3x2x1 supercell of Cu2O was employed. The study meticulously investigates the removal of 1, 2, and 3 oxygen atoms, analyzing the ensuing changes in both structural stability and electronic properties, with particular emphasis on the band gap.The structural analysis revealed that oxygen vacancy formation induces significant modifications in Cu-O and Cu-Cu bond lengths, with elongations observed around the vacancy sites in which the Cu-Cu bond length decreased to 2.4035 Å, compared to 3.0066 Å in the pristine structure. The structural distortion followed the Jahn-Teller effect, leading to the formation of isolated units and transformation in bond angles. The introduction of oxygen vacancies without replacement (WOR) caused significant distortions in the Cu2O lattice, which were more pronounced with increasing vacancy concentration. The Cu-O bond length increased from 1.8492 Å in the pristine structure to 1.9840 Å in the single vacancy configuration. However, in the oxygen vacancies with replacement (WR) the Cu-Cu bond length increased slightly to 3.0218 Å, with the Cu-O bond length expanding to 1.8505 Å. The band structure analysis indicated a decrease in the band gap with increasing vacancy concentration. The pristine Cu2O exhibited a band gap of 1.67 eV as calculated, which was increased to 1.97 eV with a single vacancy and 1.16 eV with two vacancies, reflecting the significant impact of oxygen vacancies on the material’s optoelectronic properties. The findings underscore the critical role of oxygen vacancies in modulating the structural and electronic properties of Cu2O, providing insights that are pivotal for optimizing its performance in applications like photocatalysis and solar cells.
Larvicidal Efficacy of Cassia singueana methanol leaf extract against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus
Authors: Jibrin A. , Ndams I.S., , Sow G.J. , Dangana S. , Sufi D. A. , Ahmed J. , Mustapha M. B.
Published: October 2024

Despite the persistent control measures, mosquitoes remain abundant and the disease they transmit persists globally posing significant health challenges. There is increasing enthusiasm for exploring botanical solutions as substitutes for conventional chemical insecticides, driven by their broad insecticidal attributes, eco-friendly nature and compatibility with various ecological settings. As such, the study was designed to assess the larvicidal properties of methanol leaf extract of Cassia singueana against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The plant was subjected to preliminary and GC-MS phytochemicals screening. Larvicidal bioassay was conducted using six different concentrations (0.10-3.20 mg/ml) and 31.25mg/l temphos and distilled water were used as positive and negative control respectively. The experimental set up was observed after 24 h and the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC99) were determined using Probit analysis. Preliminary phytochemical screening of C. singueana methanol leaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroid carbohydrates, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Eighteen (18) bioactive compounds were identified in the methanol leaf extract of C. singueana which includes 1,5-Heptadien-3-yne, 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde, 2-Butenoic acid, Acetonitrile, 2,2'-iminobis-, 7,11-Hexadecadienal,2-Hexyne, among others. The extract had larvicidal activity against A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus with LD99 of 5.44 mg/ml and 15.85 mg/ml respectively at 24 h post-treatment. This study offers valuable perspectives on the possible application and advancement of C. singueana leaf extract as a potential bioinsecticide against A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus and consequently control the diseases transmitted by them.
Antimicrobial effects and phytochemical analysis of guava leaf extracts on selected microorganisms
Authors: Yusuf Tawakalt Damilola , Bale Sheriffdeen Issa , Adedeji Ayoade Adebola , Adeoye Sheriff Oluwagbenga , Amusan Kabiru Ayantayo , Onipede Gbemisola Olufunke
Published: October 2024

The misuse of antimicrobial agents can lead to emergence of resistance to microbes which in turn can lead to the search for alternative therapy. The use of phytopharmaceuticals and herbal medicines have a positive impact and represents a promising alternative. Guava extract has been reported to have antimicrobial properties. However, the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activities of methanol and ethanol extract of guava leave against some certain bacteria (Staphylococus aureus and Escherichia coli) and a fungus (Candida albicans). Qualitative phytochemical screening showed that phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycosides are all present in the leaf extract; phenols and tannins are moderately present while others are present in minute quantities. Out of the different concentrations use (50, 100, 200 and 250), The highest concentration which is 250mg/ml showed the highest zone of inhibition for both methanolic and ethanolic extracts against the isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations value for both S. aureus and E. coli are 200mg/ml and 250mg/ml respectively; while 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml are for Candida albicans.
Characterization of the chemical composition, amino acid, and fatty acid profiles of underutilized poultry feathers
Authors: Adebayo Olukemi Rebecca , Afolabi Fatai , Adegoke Bosede Mofoluwake , Odusina Adewale Olalekan , Adedokun Adetoro Afusat , Joshua Oluwatobi David , Falade Abiodun Remilekun
Published: October 2024

Poultry is one of the leading subsectors of animal husbandry. However, despite its socioeconomic importance, it is considered a significant contributor to environmental problems through its waste production, including feathers. Feathers are protective layers that make up the typical outer wrapping. It can be found on feathery and in some non-feathery winged creatures. In this context, this research was conducted to determine the proximate, mineral, fatty acid, and amino acid profile in poultry feathers. The proximate analysis revealed the values of ash (1.40%), moisture (6.30%), crude fiber (9.20%), protein (67.50%), crude fat (2.90%), and carbohydrate (12.70%). The mineral elements (ppm) indicated sodium (0.04), magnesium (0.03), potassium (0.04), calcium (0.06), phosphorus (0.05), manganese (0.01), iron (0.01), and zinc (0.01). The amino acid profile showed that it contained sixteen amino acids which includes important amino acids most especially all the essential amino acids except lysine. In contrast, the fatty acid profile revealed that it contained twelve fatty acids. Among these, it includes basic saturated fatty acids such as glycine and rich in unsaturated fatty acid contents. The finding indicates that poultry feathers can contribute useful nutrients, mineral elements, fatty acids, and amino acids to livestock feed for maximum utilization and rapid development, making it a good potential and sustainable material from waste to wealth.
Evaluation of some haematological and coagulation profiles of occupationally heat stress individuals of bakery industries in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Danladi S.B. , Garba N. , Hayatu S. , Hamza S. , Lawal D.R. , Isah S.Y. , Bashir S. , Abdulrahman Y.
Published: October 2024

Bakers are exposed to heat stress in their work places, which can result in a variety of outcomes ranging from mild heat cramps to heat stroke. There is paucity of published data on the wallop of heat stress on haematologic and haemostatic parameters of individuals occupationally exposed to heat stress from bakery industries. This study attempted to evaluates some haematological and coagulation parameters of bakery workers who are occupationally exposed to heat stress in the baking industries. One hundred (100) individuals who consented to participate among which are: 70 bakers and 30 non-bakers were enrolled into the study. Blood samples were obtained using aseptic venepuncture and assessed for haematologic and haemostatic parameters by Haematology-analyser for full blood count parameters and manual standard coagulation method for Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) respectively. The data obtained was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. The results are presented as mean and standard deviation and p-value was set at ≤0.05as statistically significant. Platelets, red and white blood cells counts and their indices were counted along with some coagulation parameters (PT and aPTT). A statistically significant increase (p≤0.05) in platelets counts were observed in bakers compared with controls. Similarly, some coagulation parameters were found to be reduced and was statistically significant (p≤0.05) in bakers compared with non bakers as controls. The findings of the study showed insignificant changes in haematologic parameters coupled with altered coagulation parameters. This may be suggestive that individuals occupationally exposed to heat stress are prone to hypercoagulable state and its attending consequences.
Evaluation of the effect of viscosity on blood flow using viscosity models
Authors: Umar Farida Mustapha , Ali M.H.
Published: October 2024

The study of blood hemodynamics and rheological properties, particularly blood viscosity, is essential for understanding and treating certain cardiovascular conditions. Blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, meaning its viscosity varies with shear rate, a behavior driven by the aggregation and deformation of red blood cells (RBCs). Accurate modeling of blood viscosity is therefore critical for simulating blood flow in both physiological and pathological states. In this work, various viscosity models were assessed to identify the most suitable that represents the blood’s behavior in relation to shear rate. Although the Newtonian model is simple, it fails to capture the non-Newtonian characteristics of blood, particularly at varying shear rates. In comparison, the Power Law, Walburn-Schneck, and Carreau-Yasuda models offer more detailed and complex approaches to modeling blood viscosity. The Effect of blood viscosity on the overall blood flow was evaluated based on the four viscosity models. The work was carried out in a MATLAB Simulation Environment. The Volumetric blood flow rate was evaluated from the Poiseuille’s equation using three viscosity models whose values were defined by shear rates ranging from (217.5 – 226.5)s−1 . The percentage change in the blood volume resulting from changes in the viscosity was examined for each model. The two viscosity models (Power and Carreau models) concurrently reported equal percentage change of blood flux variation with the corresponding variation of the viscosity due to change in shear rate. This shows that any of the two models can be used to study the variation of blood flow to the viscosity with respect to cardiovascular complications.
New multivariate models for the estimation of earth’s albedo and its variation with meteorological parameters over Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Akpootu D.O. , Kola T.A.
Published: October 2024

The study of what happens to sunlight as it goes through the atmosphere is vital to many fields of science because over time, reflection, scattering, and absorption in the atmosphere have changed the amount of solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface. This study examined the variation in albedo over Kano, situated in the Sahelian climatic zone of Nigeria. The study's data, which covered the years 1984–2022, totaled thirty-nine, was obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Utilizing monthly average daily measured meteorological data on global solar radiation, wind speed, mean temperature, surface pressure, and relative humidity, eleven models of three categories based on two, three, and four variable regression models were developed. Five validation indicators were used to verify the regression models: the t-test, coefficient of determination (R2), mean percentage error (MPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean bias error (MBE). The developed models that were considered most appropriate for estimating surface albedo were ranked; the three-variable regression model ALB7, which included the wind speed, relative humidity, and mean temperature, outperformed the previously employed generalized method from literature in estimating surface albedo over Kano. The variation of measured albedo with meteorological parameters depicts a direct relationship for clearness index and wind speed; an inverse relationship was observed for surface pressure. Mean temperature and surface pressure exhibit an inverse relationship during the wet season and vice versa for the dry season.
Comparative estimation of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in Sweet-melon, Watermelon and Cucumber
Authors: Dike O.G. , Ferdinand C. , Abdullahi M.A. , Mustapha B.O. , Ayoola B.O. , Arabambi F.D. , Oluwashola S.A.
Published: October 2024

This research is carried out to provide valuable information for individuals that would want to properly modify their nutrient intake. It would enable individuals to know the quantity of these fruits (Sweet melon, Watermelon and Cucumber) needed to be consumed per day to meet the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of Vitamin C for healthy living. Understanding the relative content of Ascorbic acid in these fruits will help individuals plan their diets and know how to properly incorporate them in foods daily to avoid Vitamin C deficiency health problems. This study determined and compared the vitamin C content in Sweet melon, Watermelon and Cucumber. The extracted juices were analysed for ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) using Iodometric Titration method. Results obtained showed that Sweet melon contain (58.4mg/100cm³), Water melon (22.75mg/100cm³) and Cucumber (16.25mg/100cm³) concentrations of ascorbic acid. The ascorbic acid concentrations being highest in Sweet melon and lowest in Cucumber. Therefore sweet melon is the best source of Vitamin C among the three fruits analyzed. Sweet melon can be recommended for individuals suffering from vitamin C deficiency. It is recommended that nutrition and health education is needed to promote increased consumption of fruits rich in Vitamin C content to avoid diseases caused by its deficiency such as scurvy, Iron deficiency anemia, bone disease in children.