bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Disassembly Process and Apparatus of Waste Printed Circuit Board Assembly for Reusing the Components
Authors: Xiang Dong , Pang Zu Fu , Long Dan Feng , Mou Peng , Yang Ji Ping , Duan Guang Hong
Published: October 2013

Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA), is an important basic part of Electric and Electronic Equipment, which has lots of high-value components and toxic substances. Normally, when Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE) is scraped, some components on waste PCBA still keep good performances. Therefore, it is feasible and economical to environment-friendly reuse the high-value components on waste PCBA. In order to guarantee the quality of the disassembled components, the components reuse-oriented disassembly process is proposed, in which the mechanical and physical characteristics of solder and the joint type of PCBA are considered comprehensively. In the process, through the analysis and measurement of the temperature distribution of PCBA, the optimized heating mode and heating temperature curve can be drawn up for the different joint type of PCBA. For getting the disassembly mode of PCBA, the disassembly force and separating displacement of components on PCBA are defined and the disassembly energy models for different kinds of components are set up. On the basis of the heating mode, heating temperature curve and disassembly energy, two kinds of disassembly apparatus and a performance testing procedure for certain kinds of old components are developed. In the end the components reuse-oriented disassembly process parameters are optimized to get a high separation ratio and reuse ration of components with orthogonal test.
Principle Analysis of Profiled Bar Turning Peeling Machine
Authors: Zhang Hui , Chen Yan
Published: October 2013

Through the study of regular polygon cross section continuous forming processing technology of rotary cutting machine, this article designed a profiled bar turning peeling machine. This machine is mainly composed of workpiece axis, cutter axis, feed device and pulling device, etc . Parallel mounted, workpiece axis and cutter axis rotate at a rotational speed ratio in the same direction so as to form complex turning motions, during which the cutting track of the knifepoint relative to workpiece axis forms a shape of approximate linear closed curve, at the same time, feed device and pulling device pull workpiece moving along the axis, through which this machine can complete a turning finish of a whole workpiece at a time. This article analyzed the turning peeling principle of profiled bar, established a motion trajectory equation for the knifepoint relative to the workpiece axis, analyzed the processing straightness error of turned profiled bar, and then derived the error calculation formula.
Load Spectrum Research of CNC Machine Tools Based on the Machining Information
Authors: Yao Jin Yong , Jia Yu
Published: October 2013

For CNC machine tool, reliability is the key to its quality. Load spectrum is a time-domain distribution of load, and is the key to reliability design and test of CNC machine tools. In order to obtain the load spectrum for reliability test, this paper researches the load spectrum of the typical CNC lathe and CNC milling machine through the analysis and calculation of the actual machining information, and presents the analysis and calculation method of load spectrum, and gives the CNC lathe and CNC milling machine load spectrum curves through actual data examples.
Numerical Analysis of General Groove Geometry for Dry Gas Seals
Authors: Hu Ji Bin , Tao Wen Jin , Zhao Yi Min , Wei Chao
Published: October 2013

By Changing the key points on the spiral curve, general groove geometry was determined. Considering the simplicity of modeling and analysis, cubic spline function was used to express the general groove profile. By using the boundary fitted coordinate system transformation, irregular computational domain was transferred to regular region; Based on flow conservation principle, finite volume method was applied to discrete compressible Reynolds equation; By the application of Newton-Raphson iteration method for solving algebraic equation, numerical model of general groove dry gas seals was established. When compared sample results with shallow groove theory, the capacity and stiffness of numerical results match well with theoretical ones, verifying the accuracy of novel numerical model. Through analysis of three typical groove seals, spiral groove seal has strongest carrying capacity. Pressure distribution of three groove seals subjects to the law of hydrodynamic pressure effect. And the numerical model established in this paper will offer a general calculate platform for optimization of groove geometry in the future.
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field of Gears in Quenching Process
Authors: Zhu Hai Long , Li Shi Yun , Wang Chun Rong
Published: October 2013

Combining with change of the thermal physical parameters of materials, the temperature field of 45 steel gears in quenching processes has been numerically simulated using the thermal analysis module of ANSY Workbench software. The relationship between temperature of gears parts and quenching time has been achieved, the simulation results are consistent with actual process. The methods is superior to the traditional manual measuring and experience judgment way. The simulation process has provided the due theoretical basis for the calculation of parts thermal stress and residual stress in quenching process.
Study on the Value Chain System and the Operation Mechanism of the Service Enhanced Construction
Authors: Qiu Guo Fang , Zhang Meng Meng
Published: October 2013

The innovative value chain system and the operation mechanism were studied of the service enhanced construction. In the service enhanced construction era, value chain innovation system includes orientation system integration services, full life cycle project management and engineering general contracting system. The service enhanced construction needs perfect construction market environment, the trust and sharing information in business, coordinated management and knowledge management, to reconstruct the value chain system, to achieve the structural adjustment of the construction industry and to improve the core competitiveness of enterprises.
Investigation of Shape Retention of Inflatable Structures Based on Experiments and Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis
Authors: Xu Yue Jie , Zeng Pan , Lei Li Ping
Published: October 2013

Inflatable structures are widely used in aerospace engineering. They should keep a certain configuration in service, and their mechanical properties are closely related to their configurations. It is essential to investigate the ability of maintaining configuration of inflatable structures in order to study their mechanical properties . The concept of shape retention was first proposed in this paper. Besides, a shape retention index which quantitatively depicts the concept was given for inflatable column structures. The index takes compressive deformation and compression force into account. It is demonstrated that the shape retention increases with the increase of the modulus of the membrane and the inner pressure of inflatable structures.
Effect of Strength Matching of Welded Joint on Stress Corrosion Cracking in Nuclear Power Structures
Authors: Xue He , Wang Zhen Wen , Zhao Ling Yan , Qiao Min , Wang Wei Bing
Published: October 2013

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is one of the key issues of welded structure failure in nuclear power plants. To understand the effect of strength matching on SCC growth rate in welded joint of primary coolant circuit safe end in pressured water reactor, a model of the safe end welded joint with mismatched strength was established by using elastic-plastic finite element method (EPFEM).The effect of weld strength matching on SCC growth rate was analyzed in this paper, by adopting crack tip strain rate as SCC mechanical driving force. The investigated results indicate that the distribution of plastic strain and plastic strain rate nearby the crack front is similar when the crack located at welded metal, and the driving force of SCC along the crack front in the over-match, even-match and under-match welded joint are from small to large, respectively, which implicit SCC growth rate along the crack front in the over-match, even-match and under-match welded joint also are from slow to fast, respectively. The investigating establishes a foundation for improving the predicting capability of SCC growth rate in nuclear power structures.
Electromechanical Hybrid Transmission Control System of Tension Leveler
Authors: Chen Bing , Guo Rui Juan
Published: October 2013

For tension roller skidding and motor alarm phenomenon often appeared in the process of straightening. This paper take electromechanical hybrid drive system of tension leveler as example, analysis the control system, focusing on the dynamic tension load distribution, points out that the above situation can be avoid effectively by setting the parameter of tension reasonably. And the same time, speed control and torque control are analyzed in this paper, and it provides a reference for the further study of electromechanical hybrid transmission control system.
The Research on Hydraulic Components Data Monitoring and Management System Based on Network Real-Time Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhang Zhi Jing , Jin Xin
Published: October 2013

in order to improve the speed and accuracy of monitoring data of hydraulic components,improve the method and efficiency of data storage management, hydraulic components data monitoring and management system based on network real-time monitoring were researched.system uses the ADLINK PCI-9114 data acquisition card collecting signal the sensor transferring,then transfer the signal to the computer on the scene.Temperature,pressure,flow and other signal data acquisition,data analysis,data storage and alarm functions were realized through the LabVIEW software.The system also achieved real-time remote monitoring by B/S structure.Compared with the existing hydraulic control system,the system integrated data acquisition,data analysis,data storage and alarm function and realized the remote real-time monitoring,also have a good interface of humanization design.So it can be applied to the field of hydraulic components data acquisition.
Treatment of Domestic Wastewater by A/O Biofilm Process of Silicon-Based Zeolite Filter Material
Authors: Wang Juan Ting , Yu Yan Zhen , Zhao You Heng
Published: October 2013

Under the condition that the temperature between 20 °C ~ 27 °C, in stable operation period, the effect of the anoxic and aerobic tanks which presented in municipal wastewater treatment using orthogonal experiment, and optimum conditions of A /O Biofilm Process of Silicon-based zeolite Filter Material were studied: the gas-water ratio 1:2, and the reflux ratio of digestive juice 1:2 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the 2h.Under this operating conditions, the removal rate of total nitrogen, phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen are respectively up to 73.57%, 64% and 85.28%. The concentrations of total nitrogen, phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen can be respectively reduced to 18.75mg/L, 1.06mg/L and 3.94mg/L in the ultimate effluent, which meet standard B of the first class in National discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB18918-2002).
Research on Multiple Security Authentication Protocol in RFID System
Authors: Xia Hui
Published: October 2013

Weak security of RFID system is concerned by more and more people because of the fast development of internet of things. Some existing RFID authentications protocols begin to be analyzed, such as Mutual three-pass authentication, randomized Hash-Lock, which has some problem of being difficult to resist a variety of network attacks such as forgery tag attacks and a new bidirectional security authentication protocol,A multiple security authentication protocol is proposed to overcome the disadvantage of being vulnerable to cyber attacks. Analysis shows that this approach is of good security and privacy, low cost, and high efficiency.
Research on Obstacle Avoidance Behavior of Ultrasonic Sensor-Based Robot
Authors: Gao Lei Na , Deng Jian Wen , Xiao Shi Yu
Published: October 2013

The safe obstacle avoidance is a basic problem on mobile robotics research. The premise of realizing safe obstacle avoidance is achieving the accurate information for obstacle avoidance which provides reliable indication on the surrounding environment for mobile robot obstacle avoidance processing. The sensors are used to measure and obtain the obstacle avoidance information for obstacle detection and ranging. Based on "Future Star" platform, a remote control application of ultrasound obstacle avoidance has been developed to implement obstacle avoidance capabilities on the study of ultrasound obstacle avoidance strategy and path planning.
Three-Dimensional Seepage Field Analysis of Thick Overburden CFRD after Sealing Failure
Authors: He Wen She , Wang Liang Ming
Published: October 2013

According to characteristics of the thick overburden dam and the current and main problems on seepage of the thick overburden concrete face rock-fill dam, this paper takes finite element method to analyze the three-dimensional seepage field of thick overburden CFRD after the joint sealing failure, and studies the seepage field distribution of the CFRD after sealing failure, and analyzes the sealing failure position and influences of seam length on each seepage elements variation. In this paper, taking the thick overburden CFRD in xinjiang as an example, effects of the joint sealing failure on seepage related factors are discussed , the change rules of saturated faceseepage discharge and seepage gradient of the thick overburden CFRD are obtained by studying,. The research results can provide a reference for a parallel engineering design and construction.
Research on the Algorithm of Intelligent Test System
Authors: Xiao Hua Bo , Huang Shu Li
Published: October 2013

To Test on network is an important method, but how to correct the s by computers is still very difficult. In the paper, according to the teaching experience about net OS, we present an algorithm of automated correction for short answer questions.
Medium Access Control Based on Adaptive Sleeping and Probabilistic Routing for Delay Tolerant Mobile Sensor Networks
Authors: Chen Zhe , He Yan Xiang , Huang Shi Yong
Published: October 2013

The paper proposes a medium access control (MAC) scheme with coordinated and adaptive wakeup scheme designed for delay tolerant mobile sensor networks (DTMSNs). Many applications motivate MAC schemes for DTMSNs that are different from traditional wireless MAC such as IEEE 802.15.4 in several ways: energy conservation and average delay. MAC with coordinated and adaptive wakeup scheme protocol uses a few novel techniques to reduce energy consumption and message overhead rates. It can reduce significantly control overhead and adaptively wake up, and it avoids overhearing unnecessary traffic. Finally, in this paper, simulation applies message passing to reduce contention latency for applications that require in-network data processing. Simulation results show that MAC with Adaptive Sleeping and based on Probabilistic Routing protocol (MAC-ASPR) obtains significant energy savings compared with IEEE 802.15.4 and S-MAC.
HKad: A Hierarchical Kademlia Model
Authors: Yan Li
Published: October 2013

This paper proposed a new structural overlay model HKad. This model employs layered structure, and when constructing the network logical topology of peer nodes, it can detect rock-bottom physical network logical topology fast and efficiently and make it suitable to the rock-bottom network environment, and make the former be consistent to the latter as much as possible and then improve the whole performance of the systems. The goal is to construct a topology-aware overlay network, and improve the finding speed of information, and reduce unnecessary data transmission in networks.
Research on Ship Course Control Based on Course Signal Filter
Authors: Jiang Ren Hao , Shi Yan Ping , Song Wen Jie
Published: October 2013

In the case of high class ocean wave, because of the disturbance movement of ocean wave is larger than moment of rudder, it is noneffective to reduce yaw angle with rudder control and it also increase the times of noneffective rudder. In this paper design a filter to deal with yaw angle and reduce the main value frequency impact to heading control system. Filter will reduce the response of heading control system to wave disturbance and then reduce the noneffective rudder. It will reduce the abrasion of steering and energy consume.
Multitarget Track-Before-Detect via MeMBer Filtering and Track Consistency Test
Authors: Zhan Rong Hui , Liu Sheng Qi
Published: October 2013

This paper deals with the problem of time-varying multitarget track-before-detect (TBD) using image observation model. The multitarget state is formulated as random finite set (RFS) and its posterior distribution is approximated by multi-Bernoulli parameters, which are recursively evaluated using sequential Monte Carlo approach. The state estimates are first extracted from the updated Bernoulli components with moderate existence probabilities, allowing for all the true targets and false alarms. The extracted target states are then distilled using track consistency test strategy to remain only the true tracks. Simulation results show the improved performance of the proposed method over the traditional multitarget multi-Bernoulli (MeMBer) filter as well as its capability to provide the identity of individual target.
Design of Automobile-Reversing Radar Control System Based on Ultrasonic
Authors: Yu Yan Xin , Sun Rong Chun
Published: October 2013

Based on the principle of ultrasonic transit time ranging, this article describes that the microcontroller is used as the core to develop the ultrasonic distance-measurement automobile-reversing radar control system. The system includes both hardware and software parts. The hardware part mainly consist single-chip control circuit, ultrasonic transmitting and receiving circuits, temperature compensation circuit and voice alarm circuit. The software design part of the system was divided into several function modules with modular design method, such as main program module, temperature measurement module, voice alarm module and so on. The main program was responsible for dispatching management all the modules. Experiments show that this system can reach design requirement and has high value and broad application prospects.
Control Design of the Micro-Flow Liquid Feeding System in the Drop Analyzer
Authors: Song Qing , Mao Xue Fei , Yang Lu , Meng Gao Jie , Du Dan Qing
Published: October 2013

In order to solve the problem of inconvenience for integration and operation complexity, the micro-flow fluid supply system based on STC12 series MCU is presented and implemented. STC12 has many advantages such as ultra-low power consumption, rich chip designs, high performance cost ratio, high speed, etc. The feeding system mainly consists of mechanical parts, a miniature stepper motor, a micro-stepping driver, MCU and its control circuit. The software program is written by PC to manage the feeding process of the start-stop, rotation direction, acceleration and deceleration of the motor. Both the flow rate and the flow flux can be controlled precisely and flexibly, so as to ensure that the test liquid is slowly delivered under quasi-equilibrium condition to shape into a satiated and uniform drop.
Truncation Method for Chance Measure
Authors: Zhang Chun Qin , Fang Yang
Published: October 2013

Chance measure is a non-additive measure. In this paper, we derive the truncation method for chance measure. This result is a natural extension of the classical truncation method to the case where the measure tool is non-additive. The properties of chance measure are further discussed. Then the truncation method will be given on chance space. This work generalizes the research and applications of the truncation method.
Research of User Experience and Data Mining for Stereo Vision
Authors: Wan Bin Bin , Zhang Tao Zheng , Chai Jian Ping , Yin Fu Lian
Published: October 2013

With the development of integration of three networks which combines telecommunication network, computer network and cable television network [1-2], decision support system for stereo vision is proposed. Combined with the user experience which is given a model of the influence factor in this paper of Stereo vision, the data mining model will be more comprehensive and more convincing and the decision support system for stereo vision will be more plump and more practical. This paper designs the model of the influence factor for Stereo vision user experience which makes the data mining model for Stereo vision exhibits an excellent function.
Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Systems — Variant Analysis of the Structures and Parameters
Authors: Milewski Jarosław , Wołowicz Marcin , Lewandowski Janusz
Published: October 2013

The paper presents a variant analysis of the structure of SOEC systems. The main parameters of such systems are indicated and commented. The comparison of various configurations is shown in terms of efficiency obtained. High efficiency (70%) hydrogen generation seems possible with systems like these.
Using Shear Wave Velocity to Assess the Stiffness of Soil-Cement-Fly Ash
Authors: Piriyakul Keeratikan
Published: October 2013

This article presents the bender element technique to determine the stiffness of Bangkok clay mixed with the Portland cement type 1 and the fly ash type F by means of shear wave velocity. The Bangkok clay was mixed with 20% by weigh of Portland cement type 1 and varied the amount of fly ash (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% by weight). The soil-cement samples were cured for 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. Then, these samples were performed the bender element test. The results reported that the optimum of replacement fly ash was about 15-20% and showed that the stiffness of soil-cement-fly ash mixing was increased with increasing the curing time. However, the shear wave velocity results were higher than the result of 0% replacement of fly ash which was the long term behaviour of cement mixed with fly ash.
Fault Diagnosis of VCM Type AF Actuator Module for Phone Camera by Vibration Analysis
Authors: Ha Tae Ho , Song Jun Yeob , Lee Chang Woo , Lee Jae Hak , Kim Young Jun
Published: October 2013

A voice coil motor (VCM) is the module to realize auto-focus function in mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs. The VCM has very complicated structure in a small dimension. There are many faults like large hysteresis, short movement range and improper starting current. However, VCM makers are struggling to point out the cause of faults. Break-down analysis is also difficult to apply because main VCM parts are tightly bonded together and easily deformable during disassembly processes. Therefore, we proposed the novel diagnosis method of VCM faults without breaking it. Our method expected to classify the causes of faults by analyzing vibration characteristics of VCMs. Frequency spectrum characteristics and fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum analysis are performed. Experimental results revealed that natural frequency shifts shown for NG samples compare to good ones and the fluctuation of magnitude over natural frequency range appeared. Also, sidebands are observed in adjacent of integer multiple harmonic peaks for NG sample. We can find clear vibration characteristic differences caused by VCM defects. Therefore, the causes of defects expected to be classified and corresponding actions can be done in the production line that lead to high productivity of high quality VCM.
Detection for Rail Route State Deformation Based on Trap-Down Inertial Technology
Authors: Chai Xiao Dong , Zheng Shu Bin , Zhu Wen Fa , Jiang Qi Zhen
Published: October 2013

Aim at the route deformation of rail state, a non-contact dynamic detection method based on trap-down inertial technology, was studied. Further study on integrated acceleration and real-time update of attitude matrix was made to put forward a proper solution. By experimental verification, this method is feasible and the error is within 5mm.
The Application of Mobile P2P Communication Mechanism in Geological Disaster Monitoring
Authors: Peng Feng Ling , Wang Hong Hui , Tuo Xian Guo , Pu Jian Hua , Xu Shao Bo , Liao Bin
Published: October 2013

This paper presented a method and technology about how to transmit geological disaster data. According to analyzing the NAT devices working principle, the TCP connection was created to stabilize the tuple mapping with the help of public network server, white can realize a P2P communication mechanism to transmit geological disaster data to remote PC directly. After analyzing the deficiencies about TCP protocol, some algorithms were added in application layer to improve TCP protocol in order to improve the communication mechanisms stability. By a great number of tests and practicalities, the mechanism can guarantee the geological disaster datas real-time and reliability which has some practical value to geological disaster monitoring.
Waveform Relaxation Approach to Solution of Nonlinear Circuit
Authors: Song Wen Zhuo , Liu Xiang Li , Zhang Liang
Published: October 2013

With the remarkable development of parallel computers, computing scale is becoming larger. Recently, it is an important trend to use iterative approaches to solve differential equations. Among them, the waveform relaxation method as a dynamic iterative method has good parallelism. This method will be compared with direct integration and shooting method using A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) in nonlinear circuit to verify the efficiency of waveform relaxation approach.
Impact of Wind Penetration Level on System Dynamic Performance
Authors: Tang Min , Zhang Shao Hui , Shen Yan Fei , Li Yong
Published: October 2013

Power system dynamic problem is the study which dealing with synchronism among interconnected machines. In any scenario all interconnected synchronous machines should remain in synchronism if the system is stable; i.e., they should all remain operating in parallel and at the same speed. Wind penetration level is affecting power system stability performance. This may result in oscillatory, but if the system is stable, these oscillations will be damped towards to stable operating condition. If the system is unstable, these oscillations will not be damped out and causes damage to synchronous generator. This dynamic performance can be improved by StatCom technology.
A Dual-Arm Cooperating Physiotherapy Service Robot Based on Visual Position
Authors: Gao Huan Bing , Lu Shou Yin , Wang Tao
Published: October 2013

This paper presents the scheme of a physiotherapy service robot including the mechanical architecture, control system, visual position system, etc. The robot can treat degenerative disease and chronic disease of middle-aged and aged people by Chinese massage skill, the main body of which includes a massage adjustable bed, two 4-DOF robot arms and two massage hands that can accomplish various massage manipulations. Two arms cooperate to improve the massage efficiency, and provide sufficient strength and enough reachable workspace for massage. The manipulators are controlled by a TRIO multi-axes motion controller and a embedded computer module. Physiological signal and massage pressure is detecting in real time in massage process to ensure a scientific and safe therapy. Vision System sends the recognized acupoint position to the master system to track the patients body, and the acupoint being massaged is displayed in real time by the 3D virtual display model. The robot can execute ten massage manipulations, which make traditional Chinese massage can have a robot instead. The effectiveness for degenerative lumbago in middle-aged and aged is demonstrated by laboratory examination and clinical trial.
The On-Line Monitoring Method for Drainage Wire Galloping in High Voltage Overhead Power Transmission Line
Authors: Liu Cun Gen , Liu Jin Cun , Huang Xiao Ping , Liu Yuan
Published: October 2013

In order to analysis wave characteristic of drainage wire, considering the shortcoming of existed measuring systems, including lack of accuracy and heavy load of data transmission, and combining with the PDR system which has been widely used in absolute position of a pedestrian, the on-line monitoring method for drainage wire galloping is proposed, which is based on accelerometer and gyroscope. Min-vector of angular velocity is applied to capture the onset/end of each gallop. ZUPT algorithm is implemented to correct the galloping velocity at onset when errors existed. Cluster sampling and quadratic integral are used to measure Galloping parameters accurately. The galloping orbit is also displayed dynamically. Finally, practical experiments are carried out. The feasibility and availability of the on-line monitoring method based on PDR system are demonstrated. The method can measure wave amplitude, wave speed and wave trajectory precisely, and offer technical support for in-depth research of drainage wire galloping.
Research on the Improving of the Large-Scale Wind Power Accommodation Ability in Inner Mongolia Grid
Authors: Zhao Gui Ting , Gong Wei Wei , Cong Yu , Li Qiang
Published: October 2013

Large scale wind power integration into the Inner Mongolia grid has brought new problems to the wind power accommodation in the present time. Key factors of the accommodation were summarized from which impact on wind power integration, including system voltage, transient and frequency stability, power relay protection, short circuit of wind power plants, power dispatch, etc. Based on the analysis of the wind power developmental characteristics in Inner Mongolia, some measures are proposed to improve the wind power accommodation ability, including the applications of distributed energy system and energy storage system to make better friendliness of wind power integration, as well as the enforcement of grid-connected operation characteristics of wind turbine and wind power dispatch levels to strengthen the security of the wind power integration.
Optimal H∞ Fuzzy Control for Nonlinear Interconnected Systems via Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Hsiao Feng Hsiag , Liu Chien Yu
Published: October 2013

This paper presents an effective approach for stabilizing nonlinear multiple time-delay (NMTD) interconnected systems via a composite of genetic algorithm (GA) and fuzzy controllers. First, a neural-network (NN) model is employed to approximate each subsystem with multiple time delays. Then, the dynamics of the NN model is converted into a linear differential inclusion (LDI) state-space representation. Next, in terms of Lyapunov's direct method, a delay-dependent stability criterion is derived to guarantee the exponential stability of the NMTD interconnected system. Subsequently, the stability condition of this criterion is reformulated into a linear matrix inequality (LMI). Due to the capability of GA in a random search for global optimization, the lower and upper bounds of the search space can be set so that the GA will seek better feedback gains of fuzzy controllers in order to stabilize more quickly the NMTD interconnected system based on the feedback gains via LMI-based approach. According to the Improved genetic algorithm (IGA), which is demonstrated to have better performance than that of a traditional GA, a robustness design of fuzzy control is synthesized not only to stabilize the NMTD interconnected system but also to achieve optimal H performance by minimizing the disturbance attenuation level.
A Wireless Control System for 3D Microscope
Authors: Choi Yeon Beom , Nam Kee Jun , Kim Woo Jun , Jung Doo Hee
Published: October 2013

This paper proposes a wireless control system for a 3D Microscope which is designed to move in two directions - polar and azimuth angle. Both angles are controlled with electric motors based on the users joystick command and the pechan prism motor is controlled to compensate image rotation whiling moving in polar angle. Since 3D microscope can be used for arbitrary rotation in azimuth angle, wireless control system is proposed to avoid twisting of power and signal wires. The validity of our system is shown through experimental works.
Theoretical and Numerical Solutions of Maglev Train Induced Vibration
Authors: Ju S.H. , Leong C.C. , Ho Y.S.
Published: October 2013

This paper proposed an efficient method based on theoretical equations to solve the dynamic interaction problem between the Timoshenko beam and maglev vehicles. A systematic PI numerical scheme is developed for the control system of the maglev train. The major advantage is that only one simple equation required in the control calculation, although the original control system is fairly complicated. Numerical simulations indicate that a large time step length can be used in the proposed method to obtain stable and accurate results.
Thermal Effects Analysis of Flip Chip LED Packages with through Silicon via (TSV) by Using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Chien Chi Hui , Chen Bo Syun , Wu Yii Der
Published: October 2013

With advancement of technology, package sizes and products are becoming smaller due to miniaturization. Separate light-emitting diode (LED) chips and control integrated circuits with through silicon via (TSV) structurescan be combined to achieve reduced size. LED chipswithFlip Chip structureare capable of higher optical efficiency and heat dissipation. Analysis of LED chip structure after heat-related destruction of the chip indicated that the chip suffered stress from heating and cooling. The material used for TSV structures is copper, sincethis provides good electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity. However, the thermal expansion coefficient of copper is higher than for other materials and can result in thermal expansion coefficient mismatch. Hence, the use of this material is likely to cause stress concentration and thus cause damage. In this study, molybdenum and tungsten were tested as replacements for copper in TSV, and the modified TSV was subjected to simulation analysis.The results indicate that replacement of TSV materials can reduce thermal expansion coefficient mismatch and consequent stress fracture and that the performance of different materials can be simulated by Fatigue Analysis and Load.
Chemical Extraction of Heavy Metals from the Ash Using Perchloric Acid
Authors: Zhang Hai Ying , Li Shu Zhen
Published: October 2013

Elementary compositions of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash was analyzed. In addition, influence of perchloric acid concentration and liquid to solid ratio on removal efficiency of the four heavy metals was investigated. It was found that there are 11 major elements in fly ash, with content over 1%, and content of them follows sequence of O > Ca > Si > Cl > Al > Fe > Na > S > C > Mg. These major elements account for around 97.5~98.7% of the ash. Removal ratio of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu followed the decreasing sequence of Zn > Pb > Cd >Cu for acid extraction using perchloric acid. The optimal extraction conditions are: perchloric acid 3 M, liquid to solid ratio 30 mL liquid / 1 g ash, resulting in an extraction ratio of 89% for Zn, 85% for Pb, 41% for Cd and 32% for Cu.
Decision Making Toolset for Woody Biomass Supply Chain in Karelia
Authors: Gerasimov Yuri , Sokolov Anton
Published: October 2013

The paper gives an overview of the models implemented in a new toolset for Russian logging companies. The toolset consists of a number of optimization tools, including the routing and scheduling of roundwood and energy wood harvesting teams, the sequencing of harvest areas, the estimation of available forest biomass potential in harvesting sites, and the planning of forest road networks. The optimization of routes is based on a two-phase algorithm where a heuristic optimization method is used to choose the best transportation paths and dynamic programming is used to choose the daily tasks and vehicle routing. The toolset has been tested in logging companies located in Russian Karelia. The results show that the toolset can be used to support a wide range of planning decisions at company level including truck routing, fleet utilization levels, and choice of transport method under new infrastructure assumptions.
Fatigue Strength of the Rolls with Grooves
Authors: Domazet Željko , Lukša Francisko , Bugarin Miro
Published: October 2013

In Steelworks Split failures of the rolls with grooves on the 3-high-roughing mill stand occurred four times. Detailed analysis of all the elements which influenced the failure was carried out. Stress analysis shownthatthe most critical area of the roll is the 7.a caliber what is corresponding with fracture positions. The fatigue strength of the material in the caliber groove for fatigue life prediction was missing and fatigue strength is determined by experimental testing.
Dynamics Analysis of Vibrating Screen Based on Double Compound Pendulum with Single Motor Driving
Authors: Hou Yong Jun
Published: October 2013

By Lagrange equation, the dynamic equation of vibrating screen based on double compound pendulum with single motor driving was established. With simulation method, dynamic simulating model was built, and influences of pendulum installing position, stiffness of torsion damping spring of pendulum rod, initial installing angle and length of pendulum rod on motion characteristics of vibrating screen was discussed. Research results showed that, by choosing suitable stiffness of torsion damping spring or length of pendulum rod, this kind of vibrating screen may achieve the approximate linear trajectory, or normal elliptic trajectory of deck; when the angle between the rotating joint of pendulum rod and screen surface equals to initial installing angle of pendulum rod, the vibration of deck is most close to translational motion..
Study on the Effects of Diluent on Silica/Epoxy Resin Composite Material Phase Change
Authors: Chang Huey Ling , Chen Chih Ming , Lin Kung Liang , Chang Bor Kae
Published: October 2013

This study investigates the resulting nanocomposite material formed by hot-forming and molding epoxy resin containing diluent, nanosilica powder, and hardener. The effects of different processing conditions on the composite material, such as post-processing, nanopowder content, thinner amount, etc. The optimal processing conditions can be discovered by analyzing samples with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to discern the glass transition temperature (Tg). Experimental results show that without post-processing, the composite material would not have enough reaction time, and that without thinner, the sample containing 1 wt% nanopowder had the highest Tg. The addition of thinner lowers the Tg of a sample, leading to reduced thermal properties.
Layout Optimization for Welding Workshop of Vehicle Door Based on SLP
Authors: Xu Jun Hao , Yang Hong Bing , Chen Zai Liang , Mao Fang Yan , Wang Hong Tao
Published: October 2013

Due to introduction of new vehicle models, an automobile manufacturing enterprise usually needs to make corresponding adjustments of the facility layout of the door welding workshop. On the basis of analyzing the production process and logistics characteristics of the welding line, the facility layout of the workshop is improved and the production logistics cost is reduced by using the SLP (Systematic Layout Planning) and internal logistics analysis method. Finally, a real production example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Influence of On-off Shift Solenoid Valve's Design Parameters on Electromagnetic Force
Authors: Huang Fei , Li Yi Quan , Zhang Wei , Wang Chun Yang
Published: October 2013

The integrated transmission device of tank and armored vehicles is controlled by the electro-hydraulic control device, and the On-off shift solenoid valve is just the key component in it. As to models of different air gaps and voltages, through the magnetic circuit partitioning method and the finite element method, the relationship between design parameters and the electromagnetic force is got, and the reference ranges of voltage and gaps for steady electromagnetic force are also obtained from the results, which supply the theoretical basis for the design of structure of the solenoid valve.
Lubrication in Push-Through Bending on Bending of Aluminum Extrusion Section
Authors: Hamano Hidemitsu , Watari Hisaki
Published: October 2013

The push-through bending process can be regarded as a bending mechanism with two fixed diepoints and two movable diepoints, resulting in a total of four points. It can also be regarded as acontinuous four-points bending. As compared to other bending processes, there is severe friction at the contact area betweenthematerial and die in push-through bending. In this paper, we clarify different aspects of lubrication and research excellent lubrication oil in push-through bending. Based on theresultsobtained, it was found that adhesion occursdepending on the lubricant used and the occurring force. It was also confirmed, that olefin is effective as a remedy for oiliness, in case of using a mineral oil-based lubricant. In addition, it was confirmed that excellent lubrication oil could be obtained by increasing the alcohol content and adjusting the content of synthetic ester. This is a good alternative to the more expensive olefin.
Effect of Die Properties on Bending Characteristics of Push-Through Bending of Aluminum Extrusion Section
Authors: Hamano Hidemitsu , Watari Hisaki
Published: October 2013

In our previous study, we reduced the slide marks on material surfaces by optimizing the lubricant for push-through bending. In this study, we investigate contact conditions of material deformation in dies during push-through bending. We also attempt to reduce slide marks by investigating the die material, die surface treatment of the die, and roller die set and to clarify the following. Bending deformation and flange wrinkling occur in fixed dies during push-through bending. Sliding between the material and the die begins inside the fixed die. A cemented carbide die is excellent for obtaining ideal surface roughness of the slide marks. Hard metal dies tend to have excellent sliding characteristics. Cold die steel (SKD11) and high-speed steel (SKH51) have almost equal hardness, and their qualities exist harmoniously between the bending member and the die material without the above relationship. When we treat the die surface or use the above dies, roughness of slide marks increases. The die-surface roughnesses in Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) processing and Toyota Diffusion Coating Process (TD) are minimal, and the surfaces of their bending members are smooth. Furthermore, their efficiency is nearly equal to that of cemented carbide dies without surface treatment. Using a roller die effectively reduces slide marks. However, a roller die contacts the bending member locally, and the contact pressure is higher than with a normal die. Thus, a roller die is inferior to a normal die in its curvature, deformation, and flange wrinkling. The structure of the roller die is most suitable for parts with small curvatures.
Design Optimization of Blade's Stacking Line Based on Fluid-Structure Coupling Technique
Authors: Shi Yong Qiang , Wang Yang , Yang Qing Zhen
Published: October 2013

This paper presents an approach for numerical optimization design of blade stacking line for fan/compressor blade. In the present method, the linear interpolation method and Constant-Volume Tetrahedron approach are developed to exchange data between a Navier–Stokes equation solver which is adopted to evaluate the aerodynamic performance and a commercial software which is used to attain the structural characteristics. Both of those two data exchange method have been demonstrates. A simple Genetic Algorithm as a robust design optimization tool is employed to achieve the multi-objective optimization. The proposed approach is then used to optimized a fan rotor blade with different optimization goals to verify the feasibility of the reliability. The results show that, the single objective optimization design can improve the aerodynamic performance or structural characteristics remarkably, but might not promote both of those performances. On the contrary, the multi-objective and multidisciplinary design can improve the aerodynamic performance and structural strength at the same time. So, it can attain higher aerodynamic performance while satisfying the blade strength requirements.
Development of Landing and Taxiing Response Analysis System for Aircraft with Multi-Wheels and Multi-Landing Gears
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Le
Published: October 2013

Based on the modularized conception, the landing and taxiing response analysis system for aircraft with multi-wheels and multi-landing gears was developed. Firstly, the submodels, such as the oil pole model, the buffer model, the tire model and the landing gear model should be built one by one; then, the fuselage model can be assembled by the submodels; finally, the landing and taxiing responses of the aircraft can be calculated under the specified initial conditions. An aircraft model with multi-wheels and multi-landing gears was adopted as an example to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the software.
Evaluation of Stress Shielding for Three Types of Implanted Femurs Based on Stress Distribution
Authors: Ouchi Koki , Deng Gang , Yamako Go , Chosa Etsuo , Nakanishi Tsutomu
Published: October 2013

This research investigates the stress distribution of the three types of implanted femurs using the finite element method analysis. The comparisons of the stress distribution between the implanted femursand the healthy femur were performed and the characteristics in the stress shielding of each casewere clarified. Since the load is transferred on the contact surface between the implant and the inner surface of the femur in the case of the total hip arthroplasty, the stress in the intertrochanteric zone (Gruen zone 7) become very small, and the phenomenon of the stress shielding is confirmed obviously. The stress distributions of the femurs afterthe resurfacing hiparthroplasty and the thrust plate prosthesis are about the same with that of the healthy femur, so, the possibility of the stress shielding is considered lower compared with the femur after the total hip arthroplasty. However, considering the stress concentration thatwill increase the risk of femoral fracture caused by the screws for the fixation of the implant in the thrust plate prosthesis, the resurfacing hiparthroplastymay beconcluded as the best method among these three types of implants to avoid stress shielding.
Study on Damage Characteristics of Unstable Rocks under Excitation Effect
Authors: Chen Hong Kai , Zhou Yun Tao , Wang Zhi
Published: October 2013

Unstable rock is the typical geological disaster in areas of highway, city and mine. Energy from rupture of unstable rock passes around by excitation wave, which produces significant excitation effect to adjacent unstable rock, and which is one of important reasons to cause the cascading collapse. By the method of wave mechanics calculation equation of peak velocity from unstable rock caused by rest energy through interface between unstable rocks was deduced and established. Based on the rule of Sweden and Canmet, authors proposed damage criteria of unstable rock under excitation effect. According to damage mechanics, authors set up estimation method of microcrack being likely activated to rest unstable rock under excitation effect. Example analysis shows that problem considering excitation damage is an important way of promoting the scientific and transient security analysis of unstable rock. Research results have a positive significance for science reveals of unstable rock failure mechanism.