bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clíticos pronominais em gêneros jornalísticos escritos das variedades europeia e brasileira do português: (re)discutindo a atuação dos fatores condicionantes linguísticos
Authors: Carnielli Biazolli Caroline
Published: December 2016

Fundamentado na Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguísticas, este artigo pretende examinar a variação na posição de clíticos pronominais adjungidos a complexos verbais, sempre que presentes nos gêneros jornalísticos carta do leitor e editorial. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizam-se os jornais Público e O Estado de São Paulo, referentes respectivamente ao português europeu e ao português brasileiro, produzidos no período de 2001 a 2010. Deve-se verificar como as variantes previstas se distribuem nesses textos e se há consideráveis diferenças entre os dados provenientes de cada uma das variedades aqui estudadas. Para isso, neste momento, avalia-se a atuação de determinados fatores condicionantes linguísticos potencialmente responsáveis por essa variação – a saber: tipo de clítico, formas verbais do primeiro e do segundo verbo do complexo e tipo de complexo verbal.
A constituição de alguns domínios da hierarquia prosódica no período oratório latino
Authors: Jesus Carlos Renato Rosário de
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo, tencionamos apresentar parte de nossa pesquisa de Doutorado, que adentrou a organização rítmica do período oratório latino, com especial atenção ao modelo ciceroniano. Procuraremos, para este momento, contribuir com a pesquisa fonológica, apresentando algumas questões relativas aos domínios prosódicos presentes na estrutura frasal do latim, a fim de comprovar aí sua presença e relevância para o ritmo natural da língua. Ou seja, tencionamos, a partir dos princípios teóricos da Fonologia Prosódica, apresentar mais evidências de presença dos domínios prosódicos na frase latina, descrevendo aqueles já observados por outros estudiosos e acrescentando nosso ponto de vista sobre outros domínios, especificamente o sintagma entoacional.
Análise de usos modais do verbo dar em entrevistas no português brasileiro
Authors: Souza Cibele Naidhig
Published: December 2016

Este artigo estuda padrões de comportamento linguístico do verbo dar em usos modais e busca identificar deslizamentos funcionais. A pesquisa examina entrevistas no português brasileiro do século XX retiradas do Corpus do Português, . Utiliza-se, como aparato teórico-metodológico, do modelo da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional, GDF (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008), que contempla quatro níveis gramaticais (Interpessoal, Representacional, Morfossintático e Fonológico), organizados em ordem descendente. Cada um dos níveis contempla camadas hierarquicamente estruturadas, que permitem identificar a expansão de escopos nos usos modais de dar, em direção ao nível discursivo da língua.
Oficinas de fanfictions na escola: investigando práticas de revisão e reescrita
Authors: Giacometti Paris Larissa
Published: December 2016

A finalidade deste artigo consiste em apresentar parte dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos de uma pesquisa de mestrado. Além disso, procura-se analisar dois dados desta investigação referentes às práticas de revisão e reescrita de alunos do Ensino Médio que participaram de uma oficina de produção de fanfictions realizada no contexto escolar. Nela, os discentes escreveram suas narrativas, as quais foram revisadas por um colega e, posteriormente, reescritas por seus escritores, sendo o corpus constituído pelos textos produzidos por estes sujeitos. Foi constatado que, inicialmente, os estudantes utilizavam-se da revisão e da reescrita considerando somente uma higienização do texto, mas que, no decorrer da prática, tais conceitos foram expandidos e ressignificados.
WordSmith Tools: para uma análise da coesão sequencial em redações dissertativas argumentativas
Authors: Grama Daniela Faria
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar a metodologia, baseada em Linguística de Corpus, utilizada no estudo piloto da nossa dissertação de mestrado. O objetivo de tal estudo foi analisar quais elementos coesivos sequenciais foram usados de maneira inadequada em redações do tipo dissertativo-argumentativo estilo Enem, a fim de verificar se esse é um critério válido para escolhermos quais elementos coesivos serão alvo de estudo na nossa pesquisa de mestrado acadêmico que está em andamento. Nesse processo de experimentação, a abordagem da Linguística de Corpus e o programa de análise lexical WordSmith Tools mostraram-se valiosos, pois nos ajudaram sobremaneira a chegar aos resultados do estudo piloto.
Algumas considerações a respeito da alternância verbal na aquisição do português brasileiro
Authors: Minello Carla Pereira
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo, propõe-se uma discussão sobre o fenômeno da alternância causativo-incoativa na aquisição do português brasileiro por meio de dados de produção espontânea. Toma-se como ponto de partida o fato de que na forma anticausativa é possível recuperar um causador implícito, ao contrário do que acontece nas sentenças inacusativas, o que evidencia estruturas diferentes para essas duas construções. Toma-se, como hipótese, que a criança, no processo de aquisição da linguagem, é sensível à diferença existente entre as anticausativas e os inacusativos.
Entoação e ensino de língua
Authors: Córdula Maíra Sueco Maegava
Published: December 2016

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir o lugar da entoação no ensino de português como língua materna, considerando o papel deste elemento prosódico na produção de sentidos do texto oral. Para tanto, discute-se o que é entoação e abordagens de análise desse elemento prosódico em duas vertentes principais: abordagem sistêmico-funcional e abordagem da Fonologia Entoacional Autossegmental-Métrica. Também é realizada uma discussão teórica da relação entre a entoação e o ensino de português, a partir do estudo de documentos de cunho oficial, como os PCN e o PNLD, além de literatura especializada na área. Diante das funções linguísticas da entoação, faz-se necessário desenvolver mais estudos que problematizem a relação entre a descrição e o ensino da variação melódica da fala e sistematizem o tratamento pedagógico a ser dado ao tema.
O desempenho de crianças em fase de alfabetização em avaliações de leitura e escrita
Authors: Teixeira Mariana Terra , Limberger Bernardo Kolling , Buchweitz Augusto
Published: December 2016

Este artigo aborda o desempenho de crianças em fase de alfabetização em testes de leitura, um eixo do projeto ACERTA. O projeto busca a identificação precoce de transtornos de aprendizagem, mais especificamente, a dislexia. Neste artigo, discutimos os resultados dos testes de leitura e escrita aplicados em escolas de Porto Alegre, os quais auxiliam na identificação de crianças em risco de apresentarem dificuldade inesperada para leitura. Os objetivos específicos deste artigo são: a) verificar o desempenho das crianças em fase de alfabetização em testes de leitura e escrita e b) identificar as dificuldades persistentes que possam ser indicativas de risco de transtorno de aprendizagem. Analisamos os resultados da Provinha Brasil, do ditado ortográfico e da leitura de palavras e pseudopalavras. Os resultados são apresentados a partir de uma perspectiva ainda descritiva da amostra.
Prevention of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Reaction after Allogeneic Unrelated Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Comparison of Effectiveness of Treatment Regimens Based on Anti-Thymocyte Globulin and Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Pirogova Ol'ga Vladislavovna , Moiseev I.S. , Babenko E.V. , Slesarchuk O.A. , Paina O.V. , Bondarenko S.N. , Morozova E.V. , Alyanskii A.L. , Afanas'ev B.V.
Published: December 2016

Background & Aims. So far there is no data presented on the effectiveness of prevention of the graft-versus-host reaction (GVH) using post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) prescribed after unrelated donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of acute and chronic GVH, the transplantation-associated mortality rate, the event-free and overall survival rates, as well as the toxicity profile and the incidence of infectious complications in the study group using cyclophosphamide for GVH prevention; the other aim is to carry out a comparative analysis of the obtained results with the historical control group. Methods. 110 adult patients were enrolled in a clinical study to evaluate the effectiveness of GVH prevention, using PTCy (No. NCT02294552). In order to prevent GVH, the study group (PTCy group) received cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). The historical control group (ATG group) consisted of 160 patients prescribed with a GVH prevention regimen including anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), calcineurin inhibitors, and methotrexate or MMF. Peripheral blood stem cells were used as a source of the transplant. Results. The cumulative incidence of II-IV degree acute GVH (18.2 % vs. 40.4 %, respectively; p < 0.0001), III-IV degree GVH (4.5 % vs. 22.5 %, respectively; p < 0.0001), and chronic GVH (21.7 % vs. 40.6 %, respectively; p < 0.0001) was significantly lower in the PTCy group than in the ATG group. Prevention of GVH based on PTCy was associated with the reduction in transplant-associated mortality (12.7 % vs. 33.7 %, respectively; p = 0.003), increased overall survival (70.9 % vs. 44.4 %, respectively; p < 0.001), event-free survival (68.2 % vs. 38.1 %, respectively; p < 0.001) and GVH- and relapse-free survival rates (59.1 % vs. 16.3 %, respectively; p = 0.001). Prevention of GVH using PTCy (as compared to ATG) was less toxic, accompanied by a reduction in the incidence veno-occlusive disease (2.7 % vs. 10.9 %, respectively; p = 0.016), severe mucositis (69.5 % vs. 87.6 %, respectively; p < 0.001), and invasive mycosis (7.2 % vs. 29 %, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusion. A combination of cyclophosphamide with tacrolimus and MMF is an effective regimen for GVH prevention in patients after allo-HSCT from an unrelated donor.
Factors Affecting Course and Outcome of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Data from Hematological Hospitals of Krasnoyarsk Region
Authors: Bakhtina V.I. , Demko I.V. , Narkevich A.N. , Gushchin D.S.
Published: December 2016

Background & Aims. B-cellular chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and biological characteristics. The age of 70 % of patients is more than 65 years by the date of the diagnosis; most of them have several comorbidities. The aim of the study is to identify factors affecting the survival, as well as to determine causes of mortality in CLL patients (according to data from hematological hospitals of Krasnoyarsk Region). Methods. In order to identify the most significant factors affecting the course and the outcome of CLL, a retrospective analysis of data on patients who died in hematological hospitals was carried out. 45 cases with the lethal outcome were registered within six years. All patients were under hematologist's supervision after diagnosing the disease, and they were followed throughout the treatment period up to the lethal outcome. Results. The overall and progression-free survival depended, first of all, on the type of the first line therapy and its efficacy. The progression of the underlying disease and infectious complications became the main reason of the lethal outcome in CLL patients. Conclusion. Most patients received ineffective treatment as first line therapy. The analysis of the comorbidities showed that a more effective chemotherapy could be performed with achievement of longer complete remissions.
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas in Children: 25-Year Clinical Experience
Authors: Valiev Timur Teimurazovich , Popa A.V. , Levashov A.S. , Belyaeva E.S. , Kulichkina N.S. , Kurdyukov B.V. , Ravshanova R.S. , Mentkevich G.L.
Published: December 2016

Background & Aims. Current polychemotherapeutic protocols based on differentiated and risk-adopted approaches permitted to consider non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) potentially curable diseases although they had been considered fatal previously. The aim of this study is to summarize and analyze outcomes of NHL therapy over a 25-year period. Methods. 246 patients were enrolled in the study. They were treated in the department of chemotherapy of hemoblastoses in the Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology under the NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center over the period of 25 years: from April 1, 1991, till June 1, 2016. B-NHL-BFM 90/95 protocols and a modified B-NHL-BFM 95 protocol (with rituximab) were used for B-cell NHLs (n = 130). Patients with lymphocytic leukemia (n = 75) were treated using ALL-mBFM 90/95 and ALL IC-BFM 2002 protocols. 21 patients with anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) received treatment according to the B-NHL-BFM 90/95 protocol, and 20 patients received the НИИ ДОГ-АККЛ-2007 protocol. Results. Taking into account clinical and immunological characteristics of ALCL, the authors invented an original НИИ Д0Г-АККЛ-2007 protocol. Special attention was paid to potential modification of standard treatment regimens for B-cell NHL by adding rituximab. The article demonstrates the evolution in prescription of rituximab for B-cell NHL and possibilities for reduction of the total number of polychemotherapy cycles for late-stage tumors without deterioration of treatment outcomes. Conclusion. The obtained results permit to conclude that introduction of achievements of oncoimmunology, molecular biology, and cytogenetics will become the basis for further modification of existing treatment options for NHL.
Elotuzumab for Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (Literature Review)
Authors: Votyakova Ol'ga Mikhailovna
Published: December 2016

Chemotherapy has been the main treatment option for multiple myeloma for several decades. However, a considerable increase in the life expectancy was observed in multiple myeloma patients when thalidomide, bortezomib and lenalido-mide had been introduced into clinical practice. Nevertheless, the disease remains incurable and there is an unmet need in fundamentally new treatment methods. Elotuzumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically targets SLAMF7, an antigen belonging to the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family, with its high expression detected on myeloma cells. This review presents the mechanism of action of elotuzumab, preclinical data and the main clinical studies of this monoclonal antibody.
Molecular Monitoring of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 Transcript Level in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemias on Treatment
Authors: Girshova L.L. , Ovsyannikova Ekaterina Gennad'evna , Kuzin S.O. , Goryunova E.N. , Vabishchevich R.I. , Petrov A.V. , Motorin D.V. , Babenetskaya D.V. , Ivanov V.V. , Bogdanov K.V. , Kholopova I.V. , Nikulina T.S. , Mirolyubova Yu.V. , Alekseeva Yu.A. , Zaritskii A.Yu.
Published: December 2016

Background. The current approach to treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) includes the achievement of maximum tumor reduction and, therefore, eradication of a leukemic clone. The goal of the therapy is to achieve undetectable levels of the target gene, except an isolated molecular rearrangement of RUNX1-RUNX1T1. Aim. To estimate the dynamics of the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 level and relevant clinical manifestations during the monitoring of various stages of the program therapy and after its completion. Methods. The article presents a description of 10 cases of AML with isolated RUNX1-RUNX1T1 expression (n = 4) and the expression in combination with different molecular and cytogenetic abnormalities (n = 6). In addition, a long-term monitoring of the gene expression by quantitative determination of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 using a real-time PCR was presented. Results. The incidence of relapses in a group with a decreased RUNX1-RUNX1T1 expression level of >2 log is 75 % as compared to patients with a less significant reduction of the transcript level (with the relapse incidence equal to 0 %) (p = 0.05). The increase of the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 level against the background of bone marrow remission by more than 1 log coincided with a bone marrow relapse within 5-18 weeks. In addition, long-term persistence of a certain transcript level after the completion of a program therapy without relapse is possible. Conclusion. The study analyzed possible molecular background of different clinical outcomes of long-term persistence of the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript that might lead to an individualized approach to AML patients.
Arterial Events in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Treatment with Second Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Gusarova Galina Anatol'evna , Turkina A.G.
Published: December 2016

Target therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) allows to achieve high rates of the overall survival in CML. The choice of TKI treatment in every particular case should be based on individual CML patient’s characteristics, including comorbidities and the risk of adverse events (AE). Every TKI has a particular toxicity profile depending on off-target action spectrum. A probability of arterial AEs on TKI therapy is comparatively low but they may be life threatening. It is highly important to evaluate this kind of AEs during a long period of vascular TKI exposure. The age-specific increased incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases is an additional factor in these patients with high overall survival on TKI therapy. The article is devoted to the analysis of frequency, mechanisms, particular features, methods of diagnostics and treatment of arterial AEs emerging on second generation TKI (nilotinib and dasatinib) therapy. The detailed characteristics of arterial occlusive events on nilotinib therapy and pulmonary arterial hypertension on dasatinib are presented. Special attention is paid to the analysis of risk factors of vascular AEs and the ways to correct modified risk factors. Timely assessment of clinical symptoms of cardiopulmonary, ischemic diseases/complications, and metabolic disorders helps to find specialized medical care (by a cardiologist, pulmonologist, endocrinologist), to prescribe an adequate therapy, provide prevention of complications and make decision about TKI dose adjustment/switching to alternative TKI being a true foundation of safe personalized treatment in CML patients.
A Contribuição das demonstrações contábeis no processo de concessão de crédito: um estudo de caso do município de São Paulo
Authors: Silva Sergio Roberto , Rodrigues Adriana Cabral , Gomide Luís Alberto Pinto , Silva Márcia Welita
Published: December 2016

O processo de análise de concessão de crédito é importante para o desenvolvimento de qualquer país. Esta pesquisa busca descrever a utilização da análise de demonstrações contábeis dentro do contexto do processo de concessão de crédito das instituições financeiras.

Propõe-se aqui, identificar a relevância da informação contábil para a análise de crédito e como esta informação influencia a decisão final.Procurou-se estabelecer uma conclusão acerca dessa importância, realizando-se estudo de casos através da aplicação de entrevistas com profissionais da área de crédito de instituições financeiras distintas, sediadas no município de São Paulo. Utilizou-se como técnica desta pesquisa entrevistas semiestruturadas atreladas a um protocolo de pesquisa. A Pesquisa revela que as demonstrações contábeis representam 70% da opinião da concessão de crédito e, além das demonstrações, os bancos utilizam-se de outras ferramentas para conceder ou não o crédito. Conclui-se que os preceitos de realização das demonstrações contábeis devem ser seguidos com o objetivo de não prejudicar as organizações em uma eventual solicitação de crédito junto às instituições financeiras.
Anaerobic treatment of food waste in pilot scale
Authors: dos Santos Reis Alexsandro , Gavazza Savia , Santos Simone Machado
Published: December 2016

For this work, a pilot scale anaerobic digester was used to assess the treatability of food waste from a canteen. The digester was operated for 720 days, and its efficiency in removing organic matter and suspended solids as well as producing biogas were assessed. At the beginning of operation, the digester failed and alkalinity buffering was required until stabilization. A maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total solids removal efficiency of 71% and 87% were, respectively, found for the organic loading rate of 0.59 kg COD m−3 d−1. The maximum gas production rate and specific gas production were 0.4 m3 m−3 d−1 and 0.76 m3 (kg TVS)−1, respectively, with a methane average of 60% in the biogas composition. Although achieving satisfactory levels of pollutant removal, the effluent characteristics particularly for COD and ammonia nitrogen indicated that recirculation is the best option to use effluent.
Performance evaluation of rainwater harvesting system and strategy for dry season challenge
Authors: Mwamila Tulinave Burton , Han Moo Young , Ndomba Preksedis Marco , Katambara Zacharia
Published: December 2016

The extensive application of rainwater harvesting (RWH) projects is inhibited by the challenge posed by the dry seasons. In a case study of Mnyundo Primary School, Tanzania, the performance of the RWH system was evaluated using a daily water balance model. The methodology is based on defined dry season parameters – no water days (NWDs), rainwater usage ratio (RUR), and water level in local water storages; while the system operational methods involve users adopting either fixed (constant) demand or variable demand (demand varying with respect to available water in the storage tank), throughout the system utilization. Additionally, the cost of installing an RWH system to achieve a substantial reduction of NWDs to zero was calculated. It was established that the existing system cannot achieve zero NWDs under consideration of both operational methods. However, the greater the number of tanks, the lower the NWD, and in the variable demand operational method, better RUR was achieved. For mitigating water shortages in the dry season, the school should adopt RWH in two buildings under the demand scenario (300 ≤ demand ≤ 900 L/d, for the respective water levels in the storage tanks), yielding 58% RUR. The performance of the system can be improved by monitoring water levels and adhering to demand guidelines. These are useful strategies for practitioners in water supply.
Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade: as duas faces da moeda
Authors: Nodari Rubens Onofre , Nodari Eunice Sueli , Franco José Luiz de Andrade
Published: December 2016

Biodiversidade, tanto a palavra como o conceito se tornaram, nas últimas décadas, difusos no imaginário coletivo e na literatura acadêmica. No entanto, ainda que a percepção da variedade de formas de vida esteja presente em todos os grupos humanos, desde a pré-história, o conceito de biodiversidade é bastante recente. Foi concebido por Walter G. Rosen, do National Research Council / National Academy of Sciences (NRC/NAS), em 1985, durante a organização do National Forum on BioDiversity (Fórum Nacional sobre BioDiversidade), evento realizado na capital norte-americana, Washington, de 21 a 24 de setembro de 1986, sob os auspícios da NAS e do Smithsonian Institute (Franco 2013, Wilson 1997)...
Bioeconomia na Amazônia: uma análise dos segmentos de fitoterápicos & fitocosméticos, sob a perspectiva da inovação
Authors: Sousa Kleber Abreu , Santoyo Alain Hernández , Rocha Junior Weimar Freire , De Matos Mariana Riberio , Silva Andréia De Carvalho
Published: December 2016

Este estudo realizou uma análise dos segmentos de fitoterápicos & fitocosméticos, sob a ótica da inovação, a partir da evolução do conceito de bionegócios na Amazônia. Foram investigadas 9 empresas dos segmentos propostos, com o objetivo de conhecer a dinâmica da inovação no estado do Amazonas. Por meio desse trabalho foi possível evoluir teoricamente na construção de um conceito de bionegócios, e através da pesquisa de campo pôde-se concluir que o ambiente inovativo empresarial começa a ganhar mais robustez para os segmentos investigados. Este fato fica claro quando se observa a articulação da maioria das empresas com as Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia-ICT’s, e a preocupação das empresas de fitoterápicos & fitocosméticos em concorrer à editais de subvenção. Os resultados dessa pesquisa deixam claro que a grande demanda por editais públicos sugere que a oferta de programas estaduais de subvenção econômica, de forma contínua e dinâmica, pode estimular o surgimento de novas empresas regionais nos segmentos propostos.
Between Land and Sea: Mangroves and Mollusks along Brazil’s Mangal Coast
Authors: Carney Judith A.
Published: December 2016

Os ocidentais há muito consideram os manguezais como paisagens proibitivas e pestilentas. Enquanto a medicina moderna transformou sua reputação mortal, a percepção permaneceu como de um ambiente que era pouco mais do que um deserto tropical. A Cúpula da Terra de 1992 no Rio de Janeiro mudou profundamente este ponto de vista, chamando a atenção para o ecossistema como um habitat crucial para os ciclos de vida de muitas espécies e fauna ameaçada, mas cada vez mais em risco de desmatamento. As iniciativas de conservação nos anos que se seguiram à Cúpula do Rio, entretanto, raramente reconhecem os manguezais como um habitat que há muito dá suporte à vida humana. Isto é evidente nos sambaquis encontrados ao longo dos Manguezais da costa e no registro histórico dos moluscos colhidos para a dieta proteica. Com foco no Brasil, este artigo examina os mariscos que sustentaram ameríndios, africanos escravizados, e seus descendentes ao longo dos Mangais da costa desde os tempos pré-Colombianos. A discussão alega que as florestas de manguezais do Brasil não podem ser separadas da história dos povos tropicais que viveram e manejaram esse ecossistema desde os tempos antigos até o presente. Finalmente, o artigo conclui que um foco de pesquisa sobre moluscos sugere laços mais amplos com a história do Atlântico Sul.
Applied Exercise Physiology: a serendipitous personal journey toward a place that didn’t exist when the journey started
Authors: Foster Carl
Published: December 2016

A fisiologia do exercício aplicada é uma profissão rica em grande parte do mundo, desenvolvido no início do século XXI. No entanto, no início dos anos 1970 não havia tal profissão, apenas a disciplina científica fisiologia do exercício. Ligado à publicação de 1975 da primeira edição das diretrizes do ACSM para os testes do exercício e a prescrição do exercício, a carreira do autor foi ligada a uma série de descobertas afortunadas dos eventos que viram o desenvolvimento da profissão da fisiologia do exercício aplicada. Tomadas como um todo, essas histórias paralelas nos informam da importância das descobertas afortunadas no processo científico.
Los Procesos de Participación Periférica Legítima en Dos Contextos Diversos
Authors: Martín Rócio Belén
Published: December 2016

Este escrito enmarcado desde la teoría situada del aprendizaje intenta describir los procesos de participación periférica legítima que se desarrollan en dos contextos diversos de aprendizaje. Los datos de este estudio se recabaron mediante la observación, por un lado de actividades que se generaron desde un contexto no formal de aprendizaje, una asociación de diabetes; haciendo énfasis en un campamento de educación diabetológica que se desarrolló en 2013, y por otro lado, se recolectaron datos desde las situaciones de aprendizaje que se desarrollaron en un contexto formal de aprendizaje como un taller de producción de noticias durante el año 2015. Los resultados hallados indican que estos contextos, con sus diversas características y de diferente naturaleza, desde la teoría social del aprendizaje fomentan el despliegue de aspectos que se relacionan estrechamente con conceptos relativos a los procesos identitarios y a las trayectorias de participación de los participantes.
Jiçara: frutos de resiliência em Guaraqueçaba (PR)
Authors: Esteves Natália Dos Santos , Hoffmann-Horochovski Marisete T. , Camargo Aparecida
Published: December 2016

Este artigo aborda a utilização da espécie juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.), planta nativa da Mata Atlântica, no município de Guaraqueçaba, litoral norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Na região, a palmeira, originalmente conhecida como jiçara, é importante tanto para a preservação do meio ambiente quanto para a sobrevivência material de diferentes comunidades tradicionais, especialmente as rurais. Por meio da oralidade, história de vida e da observação participante foi possível conhecer diversas possibilidades de aproveitamento da jiçara, inclusive a prática do despolpamento artesanal realizada por morador da região. Os principais resultados apontam para uma dupla eficácia do fruto, utilizado tanto para alimentação humana com os sucos e derivados da polpa, quanto para o processo de germinação das sementes que são devolvidas à terra após a prática do despolpamento e, por consequência, promovem resiliência ambiental e social.
Patrimônio Ambiental, História e Biodiversidade
Authors: Gerhardt Marcos , Nodari Eunice Sueli
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo analisa o conceito de patrimônio ambiental e seu significado para as sociedades contemporâneas a partir dos conceitos de patrimônio histórico, cultural e natural. Desta forma, a dualidade entre natureza e cultura é discutida por meio da história ambiental, abordando, entre outros temas, a domesticação de plantas e animais como resultado da complexa interação entre as sociedades humanas e a natureza. As análises são feitas através da interpretação de testemunhos publicados por viajantes e cronistas dos séculos XIX e XX. Além disso, são utilizados documentos oficiais, tanto nacionais quanto internacionais, para argumentar que a conservação da biodiversidade se constitui em um dos principais elementos do patrimônio ambiental.
Desastre da Samarco no Brasil: desafios para a conservação da biodiversidade
Authors: Espindola Haruf Salmen , Campos Renata Bernardes Faria , Lamounier Karla Cristine Coelho , Silva Rômulo Siqueira
Published: December 2016

No dia 5 de novembro de 2015, o Brasil e o mundo tomaram conhecimento do desastre ambiental provocado pelo rompimento da barragem de Fundão (Samarco/Vale/BHP Billiton), em Mariana-MG. O impacto do desastre não se restringiu às áreas imediatas à jusante do barramento, onde causou destruição de assentamentos humanos, mas impactou cursos d’água, terras agricultáveis, atividades econômicas, abastecimento de água potável para cidades e a biodiversidade. O Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD), principal remanescente da Mata Atlântica do estado, se viu diante de uma ameaça não prevista em seu plano de manejo. Assim, este artigo é dedicado à história e importância do PERD, ao desastre da Samarco/Vale/BHP e aos impactos provocados nesta unidade de conservação. Discute-se impactos do desastre para a vida humana e biodiversidade, inclusive porque as condições ecológicas implicam em possibilidades e entraves para processos sociais.
WŁADZA TRZECIA „NEUTRALNA”
Authors: Sylwestrzak Andrzej
Published: December 2016

THIRD POWER: NEUTRAL ONESummary The issues discussed in the article cover six areas: a/ law-based state and the division of power, b/ division of power in the doctrine, c/ division of power in Polish constitutionalism, d/ normative classification of constitutional authority, e/ the political power, opposition power and neutral power, f/ concluding remarks. The aim of the article is to present the arguments for “neutral power” as the creative factor indispensable in the proper functioning of the law-based state. Within Montesquieu tripartite classification, “neutral power” entailes the nessesity to restracture juridical power so thet it will include financial control, constitutional bank control as well as ombudsmen. Accepting the division into ruling power and opposition power, “neutral power” (including the judiciary and the ombudsmen) indicates the kind of power Montesquieu advocated, trough in its more prominent role of the mediator between the powers. “Neutral power”, described in these terms, ought to be independent of the remaining powers through the system of internal elections to all the posts, performer by the Supreme Court representatives. Judges of the Constitutional Tribunal, the Ombudsman or the Cheef of Governmenmt Inspectorate ought to be elected by the Supreme Court Judges.
EDWARDA MUSZALSKIEGO KONCEPCJA NARODOWEGO PRAWA CYWILNEGO
Authors: Kozerska Ewa , Scheffler Tomasz
Published: December 2016

Edward Muszalski’s Idea of National Private LawSummary The paper presents the views of Polish lawyer Edward Muszalski on the state of private law in Europe and Poland of the interwar period and his proposals for changes. Muszalski assumed that the law was shaped by two schools of thought : liberal and socialist. In the 18th and 19th century the liberal school dominated, the result of which was the creation of the Napoleonic Code and the BGB. In the 19th century, socialism also influenced the law, which resulted in the creation of labor legislation and trade unions. In the 20th century, the bad qualities of both schools came together in the law of the Soviet Union. However it was possible to combine the good qualities of liberal and socialist law by assuming that the fundamental category of private law is the nation. According to Muszalski, national private law assumes, among others, the dominance of common law over statues, limitation of property rights, strengthening of family stability, limiting rights of will making and abandoning the principle of the will of the parties as the basis for interpreting contracts. Attempts to create national private law were made in Germany under the rule of Hitler and in Italy under the rule of Mussolini. However in both cases full-range law reforms failed, and in both countries private law remains liberal.
PRZEŁOM ROKU 1956 W POLSCE A ORZECZNICTWO KARNO-ADMINISTRACYJNE
Authors: Łysko Marcin
Published: December 2016

THE TURNING-POINT OF 1956 IN POLAND AND THE JURISDICTION IN PETTY OFFENCES’ CASES Summary The 1956 political events in Poland had substantial influence on jurisdiction in petty offences cases. This jurisdiction was based on socialist grounds. According to the pattern, these cases were decided by collective bodies, in which lay judges were represented. The educational role of this jurisdiction was stressed, especially the punishment of corrective labor was important from this point of view. This punishment replaced the penalty of arrest. However, the results were different from the expectations. The boards judging petty offences were not able to stop the hooligans, because they couldn’t arrest them. On the other hand, they could apply the substituting penalty of arrest (from 1953) to those farmers, who did not comply with the compulsory delivery of agriculture goods. After the events of 1956 the repressive role of the jurisdiction in farmers’ cases was substantially limited. The educational measures started to play more important role. It was decided that the most important task of the judging boards is the fighting against hooligans, especially when the petty offence was committed after drinking alcohol. The substitutive penalty of arrest was reintroduced in this kind of cases and the fines were raised. The educational role of the jurisdiction was in fact eliminated and its repressive role was stressed again.
WINCENTY SKRZETUSKI O POTRZEBIE ORAZ ZMIANACH W PRAWIE I USTROJU DOBY STANISŁAWOWSKIEJ
Authors: Organiściak Wojciech
Published: December 2016

WINCENTY SKRZETUSKI ABOUT NECESSITY ALSO FOR A CHANGE OF LEGAL SYSTEM AND POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE TIMES STANISŁAW AUGUST REIGN (1764-1795)Summary Wincenty Skrzetuski, in his work The Political Law of the Polish Nation, when discussing the issue of the functioning of the political system of he gentry Republic, presented a liberum veto, a short draft which he considered one of the most disastrous mechanisms of the abuse of citizen-ship freedom for Poland. Polish piarist made interesting historical digressions which showed some of the weak points of the solutions functioning in the parliamentary practice of the First Republic of Poland. Wincenty Skrzetuski, discussing a procedure of parliamentary sessions, ammended in the period of Stanisław August, did not always clearly emphasise the solutions aiming at simplification and acceleration of the course of the parliamentary sessions. It needs to be emphasized that describing the problem of parliamentary clearances, he referred to disastrous parliamentary practices and was in line with some drafters of the reforms in the gentry Republic of Poland who demanded radical changes in the clearance procedure or even its total abolishment. The opinions and viewpoints presented by Skrzetuski allow for ascribing him to the group of the continuators of the work by Stanisław Konarski. Wincenty Skrzetuski’s attitudes to law and critical of the legal system of his times, he postulated abolition of severe penalties in favour of creating conditions ascertaining that a punishment is truly carried out. This Piarist scholar followed the Renaissance views that laws should be written in a concise, clear and comprehensive language, and be free from any contradictions. Skrzetuski in your “Speeches on the main political matters” postulated an urgent and unconditional abolition of torture. Many of his arguments related almost directly to Cesare Beccaria’s “On crimes and punishments” or derived from the thoughts of eminent thinkers like Montesquieu and Rousseau.
RZUT OKA NA POLSKĄ ROMANISTYKĘ W PIERWSZYM DZIESIĘCIOLECIU XXI WIEKU
Authors: Zabłocka Maria
Published: December 2016

An Overview of the Work of Polish Scholarship on Roman Law in the First Decade of the Twenty-First Century Summary In the first decade of the 21st century Polish scholars of Roman Law accomplished a considerable amount of work, adopting an entirely new area of research. While publications on private law had constituted the predominant trend since the Second World War, especially in the first forty years of the period, articles on public law were an exception until recent times. In the last few years nearly twice as many monographs have been published on a broad range of issues in public law, such as the political system, administration, and criminal law, as on private law. The numer of articles on public law has also been much larger than on other branches of Roman law. The work of Polish Romanists has earned acknowledgement abroad, as evidenced by the invitations Polish researchers have been receiving to contribute to foreign occasional volumes, and by the digests of Polish books and articles which have appeared in the Italian scholarly journal «Iura. Rivista internazionale di diritto romano e antico».
INSTRUMENTY FINANSOWE NOTOWANE NA RYNKU ‘CATALYST’ – WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA PRAWNE
Authors: Zapadka Piotr
Published: December 2016

The Financial Instruments Listed on the Catalyst Bond Market: Selected Legal Aspects Summary The Catalyst Bond Market, which was launched on 30 September 2009, comprises four trading platforms which operate on the transaction platforms of the Warsaw Stock Exchange and BondSpot. Two of them can be classified as multilateral trading facilities (MTF) (in the meaning of art. 3 point 2 of the Trading in Financial Instruments Act of 29 July 2005) and the other two are an off-exchange regulated market (in the meaning of art 15 paragraph 1 point 2 of the Trading in Financial Instruments Act of 29 July 2005). Although the name of this market may suggest otherwise, bonds are not the only subject of the market transactions on the Catalyst Bond Market. This simplification may be due to social communication and marketing requirements. Besides bonds issued by companies (corporate bonds) and co-operative banks (co-operative bonds), other kinds of debt securities are listed on this market (i.e. issued by mortgage banks, cities, or even the State Treasury). Thus it would be more accurate to call Catalyst an organised debt securities market. Debt securities can be much more attractive for an issuer than equity securities. The issuer may for some reason wish to discourage the buyer of securities from exercising his ownership rights, e.g. by voting at the shareholders’ general meeting. The aim of this article is to describe this kind of organised debt securities market from the legal perspective, taking into consideration the growth of the debt market in the modern economy.
PUBLICZNOPRAWNE ASPEKTY KONSTRUKCJI „ZŁOTEJ AKCJI”
Authors: Małecka Elżbieta
Published: December 2016

PUBLIC ASPECTS OF GOLDEN SHARE CONSTRUCTION Summary In this paper I have tried to show the aspects of public law involved in the construction of a golden share. In view of the numerous privatisation processes which companies of strategic importance for the public order and security of a given state have undergone, the institution of the golden share has been made subject to public law. The literature I refer to presents the components of public law applicable to the golden share. The solutions prescribed in the Polish act of 2010 and in the legislation of other EU countries confirm that currently the connections of this institution with commercial law are becoming more and more tenuous.
ORZEKANIE O PODZIALE MAJĄTKU WSPÓLNEGO MAŁŻONKÓW W ŚWIETLE BADAŃ AKTOWYCH
Authors: Słyk Jerzy , Godlewska Dominika
Published: December 2016

RULINGS ON THE DIVISION OF MATRIMONIAL ASSETS IN THE LIGHT OF RESEARCH ON COURT RECORDS Summary The article discusses the division of matrimonial assets in Poland after the cessation of community property. The first part of the article presents the ways in which the division may be effected, both in non-procedural and in divorce proceedings. The latter is rarely used in practice, despite the benefits it brings the divorcing spouses and the opinion of the Polish Supreme Court on this matter. The second part of the article presents the results of the research carried out by Dominika Godlewska on this issue.
PODMIOTY ZWIĄZANE Z PRZEPROWADZANIEM KONKURSÓW NA STANOWISKA KIEROWNICZE – PROBLEMATYKA PRAWNA
Authors: Duraj Tomasz
Published: December 2016

ENTITIES INVOLVED IN THE ORGANISATION OF COMPETITIONS FOR MANAGERIAL POSTS: LEGAL ISSUES Summary The article discusses the legal issues associated with the competition method of selecting management staff. Under the current legal provisions in Poland many legal acts pertain to this issue, giving an inhomogeneous set of regulations for the principles of conducting such procedures in particular domains of public, social and economic affairs. The subject of the first part of this paper is the analysis of the concept of competitions for managerial posts and the classification of the procedure for the competitive selection of management staff based on various criteria. The author also points out the main advantages and disadvantages of competitions held for managerial posts. The second part of the paper describes the entities directly involved in the organisation of competitions for management staff, and indispensable for the running of such competitions. In my opinion the analysis of the legal acts which regulate this issue allows for the distinction of two essential categories of entities directly involved in the process of competitive management appointments. On the one hand this means those organisers who are responsible for initiating the whole procedure and who make the final decision on the appointment. On the other hand there is the competition commission, which has a significant influence on the effectiveness of the competitive selection of management staff.
‘IMMUNES’ W ARMII RZYMSKIEJ W UJĘCIU JURYSTY RZYMSKIEGO PUBLIUSA TARUTTIENUSA PATERNUSA
Authors: Faszcza Michał Norbert , Kłodziński Karol
Published: December 2016

THE ‘IMMUNES’ IN THE ROMAN ARMY ACCORDING TO THE ROMAN JURIST PUBLIUS TARUTTIENUS PATERNUS Summary The article presents the Roman jurist Publius Taruttienus Paternus, who was a praetorian prefect and military commander in the final phase of the Marcomannic Wars, and incorporates an analysis of a passage from Paternus’ Digest (D. 50,6,7). In this passage Paternus described the immunes, a category of Roman soldiers specialising in technical and medical tasks. The authors use legal, numismatic, narrative, epigraphic and papyrological sources.
BEZPOŚREDNIE NIEBEZPIECZEŃSTWO JAKO ELEMENT CZYNU ZABRONIONEGO
Authors: Wróbel Adam
Published: December 2016

IMMEDIATE THREAT (IMMINENT DANGER) AS AN ELEMENT OF PROHIBITED ACTSSummary The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive picture of the issue of “immediate threat/imminent danger”. The author focuses mainly on concepts in the doctrine and in judicial practice, and carries out a critical analysis of them. His research shows that there are many concepts associated with the institution of “immediate threat”. Depending on the full set of circumstances and conditions defining immediate threat, the criteria determining immediacy are based on the following factors: a) time, b) degree of probability c) sufficient cause, d) inevitability. None of these criteria should be overlooked if immediate threat is to be assessed correctly, and the applicability of each of them should be examined and considered as fully as possible.
KONTRATYP CZYNNOŚCI OPERACYJNO-ROZPOZNAWCZYCH
Authors: Prusak Feliks
Published: December 2016

JUSTIFICATION IN OPERATIONAL AND RECONNAISSANCE ACTIVITIESSummaryThe subject of this article is justification, the exception to the prohibition of committing an offence or crime, by an officer of a penal prosecution agency undertaking operational and reconnaissance activities to detect a crime and identify its perpetrator. The article describes the essence of the relevant legal structure, the legal factors determining it, and the context of the action the officer may take within the limits of his powers and official duties.
PRAWNOMIĘDZYNARODOWA ISTOTA I PRAWNOKRAJOWE SKUTKI SUKCESJI PAŃSTW. WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA TEORETYCZNE
Authors: Muszyński Mariusz
Published: December 2016

INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR SUCCESSION OF STATES: SELECTED THEORETICAL ISSUESSummaryThe succession of states is considered one of the most disputed areas of international law. It depends to a large extent on a state’s policy; the same events may be given completely different evaluations if viewed from different perspectives. Often the norms applied are not detailed enough or they are merely supplementary to settlements made by the states involved. Sometimes the opinion is voiced that succession is nothing more than a kind of practice which is determined only by the fundamental principles of international law, but is not sanctioned by opinio iuris. That is why succession may take so many forms which the theoreticians of international law did not manage arrange in a systematic way until the second half of the 20th century, when they classified its forms according to two general formulas: universal succession and partial succession. Nonetheless the practices different states pursue are still diversified and inconsistent.
‘AERARIUM’ I PRZECHOWYWANIE AKTÓW PRAWNYCH
Authors: Loska Elżbieta
Published: December 2016

THE ‘AERARIUM’ AND THE PRESERVATION OF LEGAL ACTSSummaryIn antiquity the leges and plebiscita as well as draft bills and senatus consulta documents were archived. Where they were kept depended on the nature of the document. Leges and senatus consulta were kept in the aerarium (treasury), and the acts of the plebs in the Temple of Ceres. The person responsible for committing an act to the treasury or temple was the magistrate who had lodged the petition (rogatio). There appear to have been two laws regulating this duty – the lex Caecilia Didia and the lex Licinia Iunia. If the magistrate failed to put a legislated act in the treasury, any legal deed subsequently drawn up on its grounds could be declared invalid. One of the reasons for this regulation was the prevention of forgeries. Any amendment to the text of a document after its deposition in the aerarium was treated as invalid. Under the lex Iulia de peculatus, any person who attempted to interfere with the text of a lex or plebiscitum was liable to a penalty.