bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E Analogues Inhibit Angiogenesis by Selective Induction of Apoptosis in Proliferating Endothelial Cells: The Role of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Dong Lan-Feng , Swettenham Emma , Eliasson Johanna , Wang Xiu-Fang , Gold Mikhal , Medunic Yasmine , Stantic Marina , Low Pauline , Prochazka Lubomir , Witting Paul K. , Turanek Jaroslav , Akporiaye Emmanuel T. , Ralph Stephen J. , Neuzil Jiri
Published: December 2007

“Mitocans” from the vitamin E group of selective anticancer drugs, α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) and its ether analogue α-TEA, triggered apoptosis in proliferating but not arrested endothelial cells. Angiogenic endothelial cells exposed to the vitamin E analogues, unlike their arrested counterparts, readily accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) by interfering with the mitochondrial redox chain and activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The vitamin E analogues inhibited angiogenesis in vitro as assessed using the “wound-healing” and “tube-forming” models. Endothelial cells deficient in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were resistant to the vitamin E analogues, both in ROS accumulation and apoptosis induction, maintaining their angiogenic potential. α-TOS inhibited angiogenesis in a mouse cancer model, as documented by ultrasound imaging. We conclude that vitamin E analogues selectively kill angiogenic endothelial cells, suppressing tumor growth, which has intriguing clinical implications. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11906–13]
Targeting Cdc37 Inhibits Multiple Signaling Pathways and Induces Growth Arrest in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Gray Phillip J. , Stevenson Mary Ann , Calderwood Stuart K.
Published: December 2007

Members of the 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) family are known to bind and stabilize intermediates in a wide variety of cell signaling pathways and contribute to their dysregulation in cancer. An important intracellular cofactor for HSP90 is Cdc37, a protein with a broad role in fostering the activities of protein kinases. By targeting Cdc37 using RNA interference, we have shown that the loss of Cdc37 function induces irreversible growth arrest in androgen receptor-positive and -negative prostate carcinoma cells. In contrast to HSP90-directed agents, Cdc37 targeting seems to affect cancer cells through a distinct mechanism and does not significantly deplete the intracellular levels of most known HSP90 client proteins. Instead, Cdc37 depletion inhibits cellular kinase activity and flux through growth-promoting signal transduction cascades. We show that the loss of Cdc37 leads to reduced activity of the Erk, Akt, mTOR, and androgen-induced pathways. We have also discovered synergistic interactions between Cdc37 inactivation and the HSP90-inhibitory anticancer drug 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG). These interactions involve enhanced degradation of proteins essential for growth and inhibition of 17AAG-induced expression of the antiapoptotic HSP70. Thus, Cdc37 is essential for maintaining prostate tumor cell growth and may represent a novel target in the search for multitargeted therapies based on the HSP90 chaperone system. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11942–50]
Chemosensitization of head and neck cancer cells by PUMA
Authors: Sun Quanhong , Sakaida Tsukasa , Yue Wen , Gollin Susanne M. , Yu Jian
Published: December 2007

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks the eighth most common cancer worldwide. The patients often present with advanced disease, which responds poorly to chemoradiation therapy. PUMA is a BH3-only Bcl-2 family protein and a p53 target that is required for apoptosis induced by p53 and various chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we found that PUMA induction by chemotherapeutic agents is abrogated in most HNSCC cell lines. Adenoviral gene delivery of PUMA induced apoptosis and chemosensitization more potently than did adenoviral delivery of p53 in HNSCC cells. Finally, we showed that PUMA suppressed the growth of HNSCC xenograft tumors and sensitized them to cisplatin through induction of apoptosis. Our data suggest that absence of PUMA activation in HNSCC cells contributes to chemoresistance and that gene therapy with PUMA might be an efficient substitute for p53 to enhance the responses of HNSCC cells to chemotherapy. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(12):3180–8]
Novel E-ring camptothecin keto analogues (S38809 and S39625) are stable, potent, and selective topoisomerase I inhibitors without being substrates of drug efflux transporters
Authors: Takagi Kazutaka , Dexheimer Thomas S. , Redon Christophe , Sordet Olivier , Agama Keli , Lavielle Gilbert , Pierré Alain , Bates Susan E. , Pommier Yves
Published: December 2007

Camptothecin (CPT) analogues are powerful anticancer agents but are chemically unstable due to their α-hydroxylactone six-membered E-ring structure, which is essential for trapping topoisomerase I (Top1)-DNA cleavage complexes. To stabilize the E-ring, CPT keto analogues with a five-membered E-ring lacking the oxygen of the lactone ring (S38809 and S39625) have been synthesized. S39625 has been selected for advanced preclinical development based on its promising activity in tumor models. Here, we show that both keto analogues are active against purified Top1 and selective against Top1 in yeast and human cancer cells. The keto analogues show improved cytotoxicity toward colon, breast, and prostate cancer cells and leukemia cells compared with CPT. The drug-induced Top1-DNA cleavage complexes induced by the keto analogues show remarkable persistence both with purified Top1 and in cells following 1-h drug treatments. Moreover, we find that S39625 is not a substrate for either the ABCB1 (multidrug resistance-1/P-glycoprotein) or ABCG2 (mitoxantrone resistance/breast cancer resistance protein) drug efflux transporters, which sets S39625 apart from the clinically used CPT analogues topotecan or SN-38 (active metabolite of irinotecan). Finally, we show that nanomolar concentrations of S38809 or S39625 induce intense and persistent histone γ-H2AX. The chemical stability of the keto analogues and the ability of S39625 to produce high levels of persistent Top1-DNA cleavage complex and its potent antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines make S39625 a promising new anticancer drug candidate. Histone γ-H2AX could be used as a biomarker for the upcoming clinical trials of S39625. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(12):3229–38]
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Inversely Associated With Circulating Interleukin-6 Among Middle-Aged Men
Authors: Dai Jun , Miller Andrew H. , Bremner J. Douglas , Goldberg Jack , Jones Linda , Shallenberger Lucy , Buckham Rocky , Murrah Nancy V. , Veledar Emir , Wilson Peter W. , Vaccarino Viola
Published: December 2007

Background—

The Mediterranean diet is protective against cardiovascular disease; a proposed mechanism is through a reduction in systemic inflammation. It is unknown to what extent the association between the Mediterranean diet and inflammation is due to genetic or other familial factors.

Methods and Results—

We administered the Willett food frequency questionnaire to 345 middle-aged male twins and assessed adherence to the Mediterranean diet using a published adherence score. Fasting plasma levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and known cardiovascular risk factors were measured. Mixed-effect regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between diet score and inflammatory biomarkers after accounting for known cardiovascular risk factors. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced levels of interleukin-6 (
P
<0.001) but not C-reactive protein (
P
=0.10) after adjustment for total energy intake, other nutritional factors, known cardiovascular risk factors, and use of supplements and medications. When the overall association of adherence to the diet with interleukin-6 levels was partitioned into between- and within-pair effects, the between-pair effect was not significant (
P
=0.9) and the within-pair effect was highly significant (
P
<0.0001). A 1-unit within-pair absolute difference in the diet score was associated with a 9% (95% CI, 4.5 to 13.6) lower interleukin-6 level.

Conclusions—

Shared environmental and genetic factors are unlikely to play a major role in the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and systemic inflammation. These results support the hypothesis that reduced inflammation is an important mechanism linking Mediterranean diet to reduced cardiovascular risk.
Mappila Muslims and the Cultural Content of Trading Arab Diaspora on the Malabar Coast
Authors:   Ilias
Published: December 2007

Malabar holds a significant position in ancient and medieval Indian Ocean trade. Moreover, this place was a spot for interaction for four major civilizations of that period; the Perso-Arabic, the South East Asian, Indian and Chinese. Cultures that often seem so widely divergent were in fact in constant contact and exchange with each other. Malabar's contact with the seafaring people of the Arab world stretches long back to the first centaury AD. By then, a system of interlinked trading networks had been established, with Malabar Coast possessing an all-important role. Another salience of the development of trade in Malabar was the migration of substantial merchant communities from widely dispersed lands. The long distance trade necessitated a situation in which the trading communities had to settle for long period of time at Malabar Coast. The trading diasporic population of Malabar consisted mostly of Arabs from Hadramawt, Hormuz, Cairo, Abyssinia and even Tunis. Among them, Hadramis were more influential foreign Muslim settlers all over the Malabar Coast, the most important being at Calicut, which was the centre of Moorish trade. With the inalienable diasporas, the seaborne trade of ancient and medieval Malabar had contributed to the embedding of all local cultures in a given structural framework of interaction. Mappila Muslims who lived principally in Malabar area were the major recipients of this cultural blend. The Mappila Muslims of Malabar represent a notable difference to the general Indian Muslim situation. There is of course a creative interplay of varied cross-cultural basics in the formation of Mappila culture and their customs and rituals. Thanks to the globality that the Kerala society possessed for many centuries, Mappilas might have more in common with the Muslims of far-flung Hadramawt or Sumatra. This element of globality has affected the pattern of religious consumption and culture of Mappilas than those of any other Muslim communities. The trading Arab diaspora (especially the Hadrami) has obviously contributed to the transformation of Mappila community. With its many cultural consequences, this diaspora facilitated the movement of an indigenous community from classical paradigms of 'revealed religion' to the patterns of experience of 'living religion'. It also assisted a journey 'from structure to community'; from the established tenants of theology to the cultural expressions of popular religion. This article seeks to analyse the contributions of Hadrami trading diaspora in shaping the culture of Mappila Muslims
Teachers, Scholars and Educationists: The Impact of Hadrami-'Alawi Teachers and Teachings on Islamic Education in Zanzibar ca. 1870–1930
Authors: Bang Anne
Published: December 2007

Hadrami scholars have long been recognized as well as been influential teachers of East African Islam, especially in the late 18th and early 19th century. is article traces the role of Hadrami teachers and scholars on Islamic education in Zanzibar between c. 1870 and 1930. The article analyses different levels of Islamic education and traces the texts and teachers who came to influence generations of Muslims in the British-Bū Saīdī protectorate.
Notes on Al Qaeda in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Silm Bouchaib
Published: December 2007

For a long time, the Saudi regime had ignored the existence of any Al Qaeda branch on Saudi soil and therefore; any potential attacks by such groups in the kingdom were unthinkable. However, the Riyadh attacks were a turning point for Saudi authorities. This paper seeks to understand why Al Qaeda is attacking the Saudi government and secondly, how the Saudi government has countered both the violence and the ideology of Al Qaeda in the Kingdom.
Contemporary Malay Studies: Diverging Visions, Competing Priorities and its Implications: A Critique
Authors: Ibrahim Azhar
Published: December 2007

This paper aims to delineate and evaluate the various intellectual trends and visions as espoused by some prominent intellectual figures in Malay Studies by highlighting their ideas on Malay Studies and some of its problems and challenges. Four primary concerns in contemporary Malay studies are highlighted. These are (a) linguistic-language affection; (b) ethnographic and documentation pursuit ; (c) the clamour for a wider Malay world studies and (d) the interest in the search of indigenous theories in the Malay literary studies. The academic interest in these four domains however saw the neglect in confronting the grip of orientalist discourse which, still persists, nor to problematise the uncritical nationalistic discourse within Malay studies which are characterized by feudal romanticism and ahistorical cultural aggrandizement. Therefore, the creation of an alternative discourse, that challenges both orientalist scholarship and nationalistic Malay studies is crucial in order to ensure that it make vital contribution to the progress and development of Malay society. is certainly requires a creative incorporation of social sciences that are both sensitive and emphatic to the particular nuances, yet with a strong universalistic outlook in comprehending the dynamics of Malay society to avoid the pitfall of an ossified and imitative intellectual discourse.
The Conceptualization of 'Primitive Mentality': Reading Lucien Levy-Bruhl and Franz Boas as Methodologists
Authors: Sinha Vineeta
Published: December 2007

This paper argues that anthropological texts are embedded in specific epistemological and methodological assumptions, although this logic is not always articulated by authors. An attention to these foundational premises is consequential in allowing a procedure for gauging the methodological rigour and conceptual coherence of theoretical formulations thus proposed. Using specific writings of Franz Boas and Lucien Levy-Bruhl, I demonstrate that this embedded, implicit logic can be abstracted from a close reading of texts. A comparison of the methodological routes by which Boas and Levy-Bruhl arrive at their respective conceptualizations of 'primitive thought and 'primitive mentality' is used here for the purpose of demonstration. My selection of these two theorists is not inspired by my interest in the content of their writings vis-à-vis the nature of human thought processes — primitive or otherwise. Rather, the corpus for this paper has been constructed and inspired with a view to articulating the conceptual and methodological processes by which ideas are developed into concepts and subsequently integrated to formulate theories.
Collecting Families: An Institutional Approach to Human Genetic Biobanking in Indonesia
Authors: Sleeboom-Faulkner Margaret
Published: December 2007

This paper analyses the e-discourse surrounding the dream of a Dutch scientist, Dr X, to create a human genetic databank in Bandung, Indonesia. Not only did Dr X hope to fulfil his dream of placing Indonesia on the genetic world map, he also aspired to set up the largest biomedical research centre in Indonesia, using blood samples gathered from various laboratories, medical centres and the jungle. His most important project was to study genes for familial syndromes, such as cancers and forms of mental retardation, some of which are considered to be specific for certain ethnic groups in Indonesia.

Much has been written on the targets of the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP), but the incentives for and motives of geneticists to set up biobanks are little understood. Many works have 'framed' scientists as imperialists, Orientalists, racists and positivists or hailed them as explorers of humanity, pioneers of science and saviours of mankind.

By analyzing Dr X's e-letters to fellow scientists, academics and politicians, I claim that the validity of such theories depends on whether they sufficiently take into account the institutional embedding. An institutional approach to biobanking should incorporate an assessment of socioeconomic inequalities, both on an international and national level, public healthcare needs, research regulation, and differences in academic cultures from a comparative perspective.
Determining the Sources of Regional Haze in the Southeastern United States Using the CMAQ Model
Authors: Odman M. Talat , Hu Yongtao , Unal Alper , Russell Armistead G. , Boylan James W.
Published: December 2007

A detailed sensitivity analysis was conducted to help to quantify the impacts of various emission control options in terms of potential visibility improvements at class I national parks and wilderness areas in the southeastern United States. Particulate matter (PM) levels were estimated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, and light extinctions were calculated using the modeled PM concentrations. First, likely changes in visibility at class I areas were estimated for 2018. Then, using emission projections for 2018 as a starting point, the sensitivity of light extinction was evaluated by reducing emissions from various source categories by 30%. Source categories to be analyzed were determined using a tiered approach: any category that showed significant impact in one tier was broken into subcategories for further analysis in the next tier. In the first tier, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides, ammonia, volatile organic compound, and primary carbon emissions were reduced uniformly over the entire domain. During summer, when most class I areas experience their worst visibility, reduction of SO2 emissions was the most effective control strategy. In the second tier, SO2 sources were separated as ground level and elevated. The elevated sources in 10 southeastern states were differentiated from those in the rest of the domain and broken into three subcategories: coal-fired power plant (CPP), other power plant, and other than power plant [i.e., non–electric generating unit (non EGU)]. The SO2 emissions from the CPP subcategory had the largest impact on visibility at class I areas, followed by the non-EGU subcategory. In the third tier, emissions from these two subcategories were further broken down by state. Most class I areas were affected by the emissions from several states, indicating the regional nature of the haze problem. Here, the visibility responses to all of the aforementioned emission reductions are quantified and deviations from general trends are identified.
Characterization of probiotic Escherichia coliisolates with a novel pan-genome microarray
Authors: Willenbrock Hanni , Hallin Peter F , Wassenaar Trudy M , Ussery David W
Published: December 2007

Background

Microarrays have recently emerged as a novel procedure to evaluate the genetic content of bacterial species. So far, microarrays have mostly covered single or few strains from the same species. However, with cheaper high-throughput sequencing techniques emerging, multiple strains of the same species are rapidly becoming available, allowing for the definition and characterization of a whole species as a population of genomes - the 'pan-genome'.

Results

Using 32 Escherichia coli and Shigella genome sequences we estimate the pan- and core genome of the species. We designed a high-density microarray in order to provide a tool for characterization of the E. coli pan-genome. Technical performance of this pan-genome microarray based on control strain samples (E. coli K-12 and O157:H7) demonstrated a high sensitivity and relatively low false positive rate. A single-channel analysis approach is robust while allowing the possibility for deriving presence/absence predictions for any gene included on our pan-genome microarray. Moreover, the array was highly sufficient to investigate the gene content of non-pathogenic isolates, despite the strong bias towards pathogenic E. coli strains that have been sequenced so far.

Conclusion

This high-density microarray provides an excellent tool for characterizing the genetic makeup of unknown E. coli strains and can also deliver insights into phylogenetic relationships. Its design poses a considerably larger challenge and involves different considerations than the design of single strain microarrays. Here, lessons learned and future directions will be discussed in order to optimize design of microarrays targeting entire pan-genomes.
Fabrication of Octahedral Gold Nanostructures Using an Alcoholic Ionic Liquid
Authors: Ren Lanzheng , Meng Lingjie , Lu Qinghua
Published: December 2007

Octahedral gold nanocrystals have been fabricated in an alcohol ionic liquid by a one-step method in the absence of any extra capping agent. The method is based on a reaction of HAuCl4·4H2O in 1-(3-hydroxylpropyl)-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C3OHmimBF4) by microwave heating. Upon adjusting HAuCl4·4H2O concentration and reaction temperature, nanoplates and micrometer-sized particles have also been obtained.
Platinum-catalyzed Generation of Silylenes from Hydrodisilanes and Their Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Okamoto Kazuhiro , Hayashi Tamio
Published: December 2007

The reaction of hydrodisilanes with α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of a platinum catalyst gave high yields of oxasilacyclopentenes, which are probably formed by the addition of silylenes to the enones. Treatment of the oxasilacyclopentenes with methyllithium followed by hydrolysis gave the corresponding β-silyl ketones.
Studies of Germanium–Platinum Bonds in Bis(aryl-substituted Germyl)platinum Complexes by Laser Flash Photolysis and Chemical Trapping Experiments
Authors: Mochida Kunio , Masukawa Yusuke , Yamada Atsuko , Yanaga Mai , Nanjo Masato , Arii Hidekazu , Gohdo Masao , Wakasa Masanobu
Published: December 2007

The UV photolysis of bis(triaryl-substituted germyl)platinum complexes, Pt(Ar3Ge)2(PMe2Ph)2 (Ar = Ph, p-C6H4SiMe3, and p-C6H4C(CH3)3) in THF at room temperature results in Ge–Pt bonds homolysis to give the corresponding germyl radicals.
A Homometallic Ferrimagnet Based on Mixed Antiferromagnetic and Ferromagnetic Interactions through Oxamato and Carboxylato Bridges
Authors: Yoneda Ko , Hori Yukari , Ohba Masaaki , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: December 2007

Two novel coordination polymers (CPs), {Cu[Cu(L)(H2O)-(py)]2}n (1) and {Cu[Cu(L)(MeOH)]2·2H2O}n (2), were synthesized using 2-(oxaloamino)benzoic acid (H3L) providing oxamate and carboxylate groups, and magnetically characterized. Different 2-D layer structures were formed based on oxamato-bridged tricopper units bridging via the carboxylate group. In compound 1, a simple antiferromagnetic interaction operates through the oxamato bridge in the tricopper core, whereas, 2 showed a tendency for ferrimagnetic ordering at 2 K, resulting from mixed antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions through oxamato and syn–anti-type carboxylato bridges.
Fluorescent Tin(IV) Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Takano Kentaro , Shibahara Takashi
Published: December 2007

Five novel fluorescent Schiff base tin(IV) complexes of the type [SnCl3(L)] were synthesized and their properties were investigated: the emission wavelengths range from bluish green to orange (λmax: 492–545 nm). DFT calculation shows that the order of the magnitudes of HOMO–LUMO gaps is consonant with that of the emission wavelengths (λmax) of the complexes, and good correlation was observed between reduction potentials in DMSO and the energies of LUMO.
Novel Derivatization Reagent, (2,4,5-Trimethyl-3-thienyl)acetic Acid, for Electrogenerated Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) Chemiluminescence Detection
Authors: Kodamatani Hitoshi , Komatsu Yu , Yamazaki Shigeo , Saito Keiitsu
Published: December 2007

A novel derivatization reagent for Ru(bpy)33+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) chemiluminescence (CL) detection has been developed. The derivatization reagent has a thiophene ring for CL reaction and a carboxylic group for derivatization reaction. The derivatized alkylphenols with this reagent were determined by a HPLC–CL detection system.
Thermally Stable Polymer Gel Electrolytes Composed of Branched Polyimide and Ionic Liquid/Zwitterion Mixture Prepared by In Situ Polycondensation
Authors: Tamada Masahiro , Ueda Saori , Hayashi Takahiro , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: December 2007

Branched polyimide was synthesized by in situ polycondensation of 4,4′-oxydianiline, pyromellitic dianhydride, and 1,3,5-tri(4-aminophenyl)benzene in ionic liquid/zwitterion mixture. Compatibility between network and ionic liquids is important to keep gel shape and ionic conductivity. Only 6.0 wt % of polyimide was enough to keep gel state without phase separation or leakage. The obtained polyimide gel showed excellent thermal stability with decomposition temperature of above 300 °C, low glass-transition temperature, and stable ion conduction in a wide temperature range.
Robustolides H and I, Chlorinated Briaranes from the Gorgonian Ellisella robusta (Ellisellidae)
Authors: Sung Ping-Jyun , Tsai Wei-Tse , Lin Mei-Ru , Su Yin-Di , Pai Chen-Hao , Chung Hsu-Ming , Su Jui-Hsin , Chiang Michael Y
Published: December 2007

Two chlorinated briaranes have been isolated from the gorgonian Ellisella robusta: a new briarane, robustolide H (1) and a known briarane, robustolide I (2). The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic methods and the absolute configuration of 2 was established by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Replevin and the Paradox of English Chattel Property
Authors: Brennan David J.
Published: December 2007

In English law, property has been classified, originally by Bracton, as either ‘personal’ or ‘real’ by reference to differing remedial consequences. T. Cyprian Williams has concisely explained this to mean that the terms convey the notion of a right to compensation associated with personal property, and a right to specific restitution associated with real property. However, the term ‘property’ itself has been defined more fundamentally to express the value of a ‘right to exclude’, or as expressed in its corollary, ‘immunity from expropriation’. This raises the question whether the term ‘personal property’, if not an oxymoron, is at least a paradox by denying within its conception an as-of-right entitlement to exclude. This essay explores the extent to which the ancient action of replevin, which provides an as-of-right common law entitlement to the redelivery of a chattel, might address that paradox. In so doing it tracks the origins and evolution of replevin in England, and describes the role of replevin in modern US law. It arrives at a conclusion that replevin has survived into twenty-first century common law, and by so doing makes difficult any absolute claim derived from Bracton about the absence of a common law right to specific restitution for chattel property.
Teasing in contact encounters: Frames, participant positions and responses
Authors: Lytra Vally
Published: December 2007

Even though teasing has been extensively examined from an anthropological and sociolinguistic perspective, as a rule, studies on teasing have explored teasing episodes among linguistically, culturally and ethnically homogeneous groups. The present study presents cross-sex teasing episodes between the members of a multilingual/multicultural/multiethnic peer group (comprised of majority Greek children and minority Turkish-speaking children of Roma heritage) during break-time in a primary school in Athens, Greece. Drawing on the micro-analysis of key teasing episodes, it explores the emergence and development of teasing frames in discourse by probing the contextualization cues, participant positions and responses to teasing. To this end, it draws insights from interactional sociolinguistics and Conversation Analysis complemented by ethnographic data on the peer group. It illustrates how peer group members make use of recurring clusters of contextualization cues that draw upon the majority (Greek) and minority (Turkish) languages and cultures to frame their teases. In doing so, they exploit various participant positions and responses to teasing, including silence, which has previously received limited attention in teasing research. The findings of this study are grounded in existing research on Greek and Turkish culture and discourse with special reference to verbal play, verbal duelling and humour.
Self for Sale: Notes on the Work of Hollywood Talent Managers
Authors: David Sasha
Published: December 2007

Based upon fieldwork data that the author collected while pursuing an internship at a Hollywood talent management company, this paper examines how Hollywood talent managers must sell themselves in order to sell the actors that they represent. In this marketplace where actors become commodities traded by their managers in exchange for ten percent of their film and television salaries, what is “made to matter” (Butler 1993) is not only the image of the actor, but also the appearances of the individuals who represent them. At the talent management firm in question—which represents about sixty male and female actors, a handful of whom are immediately recognizable names and faces among the American public—the talent managers and assistants invest a significant amount of capital in maintaining immaculately groomed, well‐heeled appearances, while at the same time performing a convivial, and at times even unctuous, persona in their relations with the professionals who cast film and television roles. The physical and social self becomes, in other words, a necessary and high‐stake investment in the talent management industry, which ends up demanding emotional labor, “bodily labor” (Shilling 2005) focused on one's appearance, and the labor of “networking” that entails a merger of business affairs and one's leisurely, domestic or even romantic social relations. In this scenario, the commodification of others therefore requires one's own objectification, so that “an agent"—or a talent manager—"who does not participate in the dialectic of control, in a minimal fashion, ceases to be an agent” (Giddens 1979: 149).
Efeito de tratamentos com fungicidas na conservação de sementes de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Cia Edivaldo , Rodrigues Filho Francisco S. O. , Soave Jaciro , Maeda Jocely A. , Gridi-Papp Imre Lajos
Published: December 2007

Foi feito um estudo sobre a germinação de sementes das variedades comerciais de algodoeiro IAC 13-1 e IAC 17, mantendo-se as sementes em condições de labo-ratório durante dois anos e utilizando-se os seguintes tratamentos com fungicidas: 1) PCNB + thiram; 2) Benomyl; 3) deslintamento mecânico (testemunha); 4) deslintamento ácido (D.A.); 5) PCNB + thiram + D.A.; e 6) mercúrio metálico. A semeadura foi efetuada em canteiros de casa de vegetação, com três repetições, utilizando-se cinqüenta sementes por parcela. A avaliação dos dados foi feita através de índices de emergência (relação entre o stand inicial e o número de sementes utilizadas) e de resistência a fungos do tombamento (relação entre a média ponderada das notas das plantas 25 dias após a emergência e o stand inicial). As notas variaram de 1 a 3 de acordo com a lesão de tombamento na altura do colo da planta. Pelos isolados obtidos de plantas com lesão, constatou-se maior incidência de Rhyzoctonia solani Kuhn. Nas condições do ensaio, os fungicidas à base de mercúrio metálico, PCNB + thiram e Benomyl apresentaram um bom efeito aos sete meses de tratamento, o qual foi mantido até os dezesseis meses com os mesmos tratamentos, exceção feita para Benomyl. O deslintamento com ácido deu bom resultado somente até os sete meses, pois aos dezesseis meses o poder germinativo piorou relativamente, sendo que esse efeito negativo foi diminuído com tratamento de PCNB + thiram.
Melhoramento do trigo: I. Hereditariedade da tolerância à toxicidade do alumínio
Authors: Camargo Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira
Published: December 2007

Quatro cultivares de trigo mostrando diferentes reações para a toxicidade de alumínio em condições de campo e apresentando grande variação em altura, foram estudados em solução nutritiva, utilizando-se diferentes concentrações de alumínio. O cultivar BH-1146, de porte alto, foi tolerante a 10 ppm de alumínio; o 'Atlas-66', também de porte alto, mostrou tolerância a 6 ppm, mas apresentou pequena tolerância a 10 ppm de alumínio. O 'Tordo', originário do cultivar Tom Thumb, uma fonte de nanismo, foi tolerante a 2 ppm, mas totalmente suscetível a 6 ppm de alumínio. O 'Siete Cerros', semi-anão e de origem mexicana, derivado do cultivar Norin-10, foi sensível a 2 ppm de alumínio. Pais, gerações F1 e F2 dos cruzamentos entre esses cultivares, e em alguns casos, incluindo também os retrocruzamentos para ambos os pais, foram testados em soluções nutritivas contendo diferentes concentrações de alumínio. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, para 2 ppm de alumínio, o cultivar Tordo diferiu do 'Siete Cerros' por um par de genes dominantes para tolerância; para 3 ppm, o cultivar BH-1146 apresentou um par de genes e 'Atlas-66', dois pares de genes dominantes para tolerância quando foram cruzados com os cultivares Siete Cerros e Tordo; para 6 ppm de Al, quando os cultivares BH-1146 e Atlas-66 foram cruzados entre si, mostraram ter um par de genes dominantes para tolerância cada um; o mesmo cruzamento entre o cultivar BH-1146 e Atlas-66 estudado a 10 ppm mostrou que 'BH-1146' diferiu do 'Atlas-66', que foi suscetível a essa concentração de alumínio, por um par de genes dominantes para tolerância. Os estudos das diferentes populações híbridas mostraram que a maioria dos genótipos heterozigotos testados a 6 e 10 ppm de alumínio, os quais eram esperados ser totalmente representados por plantas tolerantes, apresentaram também plantas sensíveis nas populações estudadas, sugerindo que o par ou pares de genes responsáveis pela tolerância a essas concentrações mostrou uma quebra gradual da dominância à medida que a concentração de alumínio foi aumentada.
Influência da adubação mineral continua na produção de proteína e no seu teor percentual nos grãos de milho
Authors: Pommer Celso Valdevino , Sawazaki Eduardo
Published: December 2007

Através de amostragens realizadas em dois ensaios permanentes de adubacão, localizados em Campinas e Mococa (SP), procurou-se avaliar os efeitos das adubações sobre o teor percentual e a produção de proteína em milho. As adubações nitrogenada e fosfatada apresentaram efeitos significativos para produção de proteína nos dois locais e para porcentagem de proteína apenas em Mococa. Só foi observado efeito significativo da adubacão potássica para produção de proteína em Mococa. Os efeitos das interações variaram de local para local e de característica para característica, não se evidenciando explicações conclusivas para eles.
Eficiência do uso da água por cultivares de arroz em duas densidades de plantio
Authors: Brunini O. , Pedro Júnior M. J. , Alfonsi R. R. , Ortolani A. A. , Santos J. M. dos
Published: December 2007

Foi comparada a eficiência do uso da água pelos cultivares de arroz IR-665-4-5-5, de porte baixo, folhas eretas, e IAC-1246, de porte alto e folhas pendentes, cultivados em duas densidades de plantio (0,30 e 0,60m entre linhas), em Latossolo Roxo de textura argilosa, no Centro Experimental de Campinas. A evapotranspiração real foi determinada através do método do balanço hídrico em condições de campo. Os resultados mostraram que o cultivar de arroz IR-665-4-5-5, semeado a 0,30m entre linhas, teve maior evapotranspiração, enquanto a variedade IAC-1246, sob o mesmo espaçamento, apresentou maior eficiência de uso da água. Estreita relação foi observada entre evapotranspiração real e índice de área foliar para os tratamentos de maior densidade de plantio.
Ocorrência de glicoalcalóides e esverdeamento em tubérculos de batata recém-colhidos e armazenados
Authors: Spoladore Dayse S. , Teixeira João Paulo F. , Zullo Marco Antônio T. , Teixeira Paulo R. M. , Coelho Sônia M. B. M. , Miranda Filho Hilário S.
Published: December 2007

Foram analisados 36 dos cultivares de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) existentes no Instituto Agronômico, quanto ao teor de glicoalcalóides totais (TGA) na porção superficial dos tubérculos, e quanto à sua capacidade de esverdeamento, duas características importantes na comercialização do produto. As determinações foram feitas para tubérculos recém-colhidos, armazenados na ausência e na presença de luz, ambos por 25 dias. Os teores de TGA situaram-se na faixa de 3-24mg/100g de peso fresco. Tanto as condições de armazenamento quanto os cultivares influenciaram o teor de TGA e a capacidade de esverdeamento. Encontrou-se uma correlação linear significativa entre o teor de TGA e a capacidade de esverdeamento, independentemente de tratamentos e cultivares, negativa, porém, para tubérculos recém-colhidos. Os dados obtidos sugerem que ambos os fatores são influenciados por características genéticas peculiares a cada cultivar.
Variabilidade na produção em progênies do cafeeiro 'Mundo Novo'
Authors: Carvalho Alcides , Monaco Lourival Carmo , Fazuoli Luiz Carlos , Costa Waldir Marques da , Medina Filho Herculano Penna
Published: December 2007

Quinze progênies S1 do cultivar Mundo Novo de Coffea arabica L. foram plantadas em Campinas em 1944 para fins de seleção. As produções de cada cafeeiro foram anotadas por 37 anos consecutivos (1946/82), a fim de avaliar a sua capacidade produtiva. Verificou-se acentuada variabilidade na produção total, tanto entre as plantas da mesma progênie como entre as diferentes progênies. As maiores produções totais referem-se às progênies CP 376, CP 386, CP 379, CP 387 e CP 382, independentemente das falhas apresentadas. Algumas das plantas vêm, ainda, apresentando boas produções, porém a maioria teve a maior produção do 16° ao 18° ano. O número de falhas começou a acentuar-se a partir da 23ª produção anual e aumentou até a 34ª. As falhas atingiram 15% para a progênie CP 379, 55% para as progênies CP 388 e CP 381, e 60% para a CP 382. As demais apresentaram valores intermediários. Novas seleções foram realizadas dentre os cafeeiros mais promissores das melhores progênies, a fim de testá-los em várias localidades, avaliar a sua capacidade produtiva e confirmar a sua longevidade.
Chocolate das bagas e clorose foliar: anomalia da videira causada por deficiência de boro
Authors: Kuniyuki Hugo , Terra Maurilo Monteiro , Hiroce Rúter , Costa Álvaro Santos
Published: December 2007

A anomalia do cultivar de videira Niagara Rosada, caracterizada por sintomas de clorose nas folhas, chocolate das bagas e cachos malformados, não é de natureza virótica, de acordo com resultados de testes de transmissão e de perpetuação. Essa anomalia, presente em áreas definidas de alguns vinhedos de Indaiatuba e Jundiaí (SP), está associada à deficiência nutricional de boro. O teor médio de boro em amostras de plantas afetadas de 'Niagara Rosada' (18 ppm no limbo e 7 ppm nos frutos) foi menor do que nas de plantas normais (24 ppm no limbo e 10 ppm nos frutos) das mesmas plantaçoes; um material coletado de um vinhedo bastante afetado mostrou 13 e 1 ppm respectivamente no limbo e nos frutos de plantas deficientes contra 20 e 6 ppm nos de plantas sem sintomas. Amostras de três vinhedos vizinhos sem essa anomalia apresentaram um teor médio de 35 ppm no limbo. As do porta-enxerto 'Traviú' com clorose e sem clorose mostraram 16 ppm e 43 ppm de boro respectivamente. A aplicação de bórax, nas doses de 5, 10 e 20g por planta, 1ogo após a poda de inverno, ou pulverização de ácido bórico nas concentraçoes de 0,3% e 0,6% sobre a folhagem, durante o início do florescimento e durante a fase de uva chumbinho, permitiram controlar a anomalia nas condições de campo. Foi notada resposta favorável por um ciclo vegetativo, pelo menos, indicando controle por efeito residual de uma aplicação.
Eficiência de diversos equipamentos para incorporação ao solo do herbicida trifluralin
Authors: Silveira Gastao Moraes da , Forster Reinaldo
Published: December 2007

Estudou-se no presente trabalho a eficiência da grade de discos, enxada rotativa, grade de dentes flexíveis e grade de dentes rotativos na incorporação de trifluralin para cultura de algodão, nos anos agrícolas 1978/79 e 1979/80. Em laboratório, procurou-se verificar a profundidade de atuação do herbicida, mediante amostras de solo nas quais foram semeadas "plantas-teste". A enxada rotativa foi o equipamento de maior eficiência na incorporação do herbicida ao solo. Quanto à grade de discos, o equipamento mais utilizado nesta prática, obteve-se maior eficiência de incorporação efetuando-se duas passadas, com sobreposição de meia grade, a diferentes profundidades.
Deficiência hídrica no consumo de água de dois cultivares de milho crescidos em solução nutritiva
Authors: Machado Eduardo Caruso , Furlani Pedro Roberto
Published: December 2007

Estudaram-se no presente trabalho os efeitos da deficiência hídrica no crescimento e consumo de água de plantas dos cultivares de milho IAC-Maya e IAC-Maya latente crescidos em casa de vegetação e em solução nutritiva em recipientes cilíndricos de PVC (diâmetro = 15cm, altura = 100cm), com capacidade para 15 litros. A solução nutritiva, composta de (mg/litro): Ca (284),N-NO3 (297), N-NH4 (37), K (140), P (6), Mg (41), Fe (7,5), B (0,5), Cu (0,08), Mn (1,0), Mo (0,16) e Zn (0,3), foi renovada a cada 30 dias. Nos estádios vegetativo e de florescimento, as plantas foram submetidas à deficiência hídrica através de a) adição de polietileno glicol e b) suspensão da reposição da água evapotranspirada pelas plantas. O delineamento estatístico foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. A deficiência hídrica ocasionou, em ambos os cultivares, redução no consumo de água e na área foliar. Nos tratamentos onde a deficiência hídrica foi induzida pela suspensão da reposição da água evapotranspirada, observou-se aumento das raízes de ambos os cultivares. Os resultados sugerem que a técnica de cultivo por hidroponia associada ao uso de agentes osmóticos e/ou suspensão da reposição da água evapotranspirada, pode ser utilizada em estudos de deficiência hídrica em plantas.
Variação na resistência à ferrugem e na composição do óleo essencial de dois clones de menta
Authors: Donalísio Mario Guilherme Roberto , Pinto Alcides José D'Andréa , Souza Carlos Jadyr de
Published: December 2007

Foram estudadas no Centro Experimental de Campinas, entre 1973 e 1976, 450 progênies do clone Samby e 295 do clone Valinhos, ambos da espécie Mentha arvensis L. var. piperascens Malinvaud, que apresentavam alguma resistência à ferrugem causada pelo fungo Puccinia menthae Pers., bom desenvolvimento vegetativo e óleo essencial com alto teor em mentol. As progênies foram obtidas de polinização livre. As plantas que apresentavam pulegona foram eliminadas por seleção olfativa, e as restantes, inoculadas com uredosporos de P. menthae Pers. e, posteriormente, classificadas em três notas de resistência à doença. Em pleno florescimento, as plantas foram destiladas em corrente de vapor, e o óleo essencial obtido analisado em cromatógrafo de gás para avaliação quantitativa de seus componentes principais: mentol, mentona e pulegona. Destacaram-se oito progênies do clone Valinhos e catorze do Samby, respectivamente, mentol entre 75,85-85,18% e 77,12-83,74%, e pulegona entre 0,48-1,36% e 0,94-2,05% pela resistência à ferrugem. Três progênies do clone Valinhos e duas do Samby apresentaram baixos teores do mentol: 56,65, 56,94 e 60,11, e 54,26 e 64,93% respectivamente, semelhantes aos verificados nos óleos desmentolados de M. arvensis L.
Efeitos de níveis de cálcio combinados com diferentes concentrações de sais na tolerância de trigo à toxicidade de alumínio, em solução nutritiva
Authors: Camargo Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira
Published: December 2007

Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do cálcio na tolerância à toxicidade de alumínio, foi instalado um experimento empregando três cultivares de trigo - BH-1146, IAC-17 e Siete Cerros - em soluções nutritivas contendo 10 mg/litro de Al3+ combinados com três concentrações de sais - um décimo, um quinto e metade da concentração de sais da solução nutritiva completa - e quatro níveis de cálcio - 16, 80, 160 e 320 mg/litro. A tolerância foi medida pela capacidade de as raízes primárias continuarem a crescer em soluções sem alumínio após a permanência de 24, 48 e 72 horas em soluções de tratamento contendo determinada concentração de sais combinada com determinada concentração de cálcio na presença de 10 mg/litro de Al3+. Independente da concentração salina da solução, quando foi empregada a concentração de 16 mg/litro de cálcio, todos os cultivares foram tolerantes quando o tempo de permanência na solução com Al3+ foi de 24 horas; e os cultivares BH-1146 e IAC-17 foram tolerantes e Siete Cerros, sensível, quando o tempo de permanência na solução com Al3+ foi de 48 e 72 horas. Na concentração de 80 mg/litro de cálcio, verificou-se o mesmo resultado; entretanto, 'Siete Cerros' mostrou-se tolerante na solução salina mais concentrada (metade da concentração da solução completa) quando o tempo de permanência na solução com 10 mg/litro de Al3+ foi de 48 e 72 horas. Nas soluções com 160 e 320 mg/litro, todos os cultivares em estudo apresentaram tolerância, independente do tempo de permanência nas soluções e das concentrações de sais utilizadas. O sintoma de toxicidade de Al3+ ficou acentuado pela diminuição da concentração de cálcio e/ou da concentração salina e pelo aumento no período de permanência na solução de Al3+ para os três cultivares estudados.
Marcha de absorção de nutrientes pelo rami 'Miyasaki' conduzido em casa de vegetação
Authors: Hiroce Ruter , Benatti Júnior Romeu , Fujiwara Mamor , Paulo Edison Martins
Published: December 2007

Os acúmulos de matéria seca e de nutrientes pelo rami, Boehmeria nívea 'Miyasaki', em ensaio conduzido em casa de vegetação, na presença e na ausência de adubação NPK, foram estudados em cinco idades do seu desenvolvimento: aos 30, 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias. As plantas do tratamento sem adubo cessaram de crescer após 60 dias de idade, provavelmente devido à insuficiência de N, P, K e S, e produziram matéria seca em quantidade 25 vezes menor que a do tratamento adubado. Os teores de N, P e K dos componentes da parte aérea da planta adubada e os de Cu das folhas, de modo geral, diminuíram com a idade das plantas até aos 90 dias, enquanto os de Ca das folhas aumentaram até aos 75 dias. A folha foi o órgão onde houve concentrações mais elevadas de nutrientes, sendo o Ca encontrado na concentração mais elevada (5,87%) e o Cu, na mais baixa (5,6 ppm). Aos 90 dias de idade, a planta acumulou 126,7g de matéria seca, sendo 1.015,4mg de nitrogênio, 126,8mg de fósforo, 1.382,8mg de potássio, 3.035,3mg de cálcio, 341,4mg de magnésio, 65,4mg de enxofre, 3,50mg de boro, 0,45mg de cobre, 21,45mg de ferro, 33,11mg de manganês e 2,51mg de zinco.