bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elemental Abundances in M31: Gradients in the Giant Stellar Stream*
Authors: Escala Ivanna , Gilbert Karoline M. , Wojno Jennifer , Kirby Evan N. , Guhathakurta Puragra
Published: July 2021

We analyze existing measurements of [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] for individual red giant branch (RGB) stars in the Giant Stellar Stream (GSS) of M31 to determine whether spatial abundance gradients are present. These measurements were obtained from low- (R ∼ 3000) and moderate- (R ∼ 6000) resolution Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopy using spectral synthesis techniques as part of the Elemental Abundances in M31 survey. From a sample of 62 RGB stars spanning the GSS at 17, 22, and 33 projected kpc, we measure a [Fe/H] gradient of −0.018 ± 0.003 dex kpc−1 and negligible [α/Fe] gradient with M31-centric radius. We investigate GSS abundance patterns in the outer halo using additional [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] measurements for six RGB stars located along the stream at 45 and 58 projected kpc. These abundances provide tentative evidence that the trends in [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] beyond 40 kpc in the GSS are consistent with those within 33 kpc. We also compare the GSS abundances to 65 RGB stars located along the possibly related Southeast (SE) shelf substructure at 12 and 18 projected kpc. The abundances of the GSS and SE shelf are consistent, supporting a common origin hypothesis, although this interpretation may be complicated by the presence of [Fe/H] gradients in the GSS. We discuss the abundance patterns in the context of photometric studies from the literature and explore implications for the properties of the GSS progenitor, suggesting that the high 〈[α/Fe]〉 of the GSS (+0.40 ± 0.05 dex) favors a major merger scenario for its formation.
SCExAO/MEC and CHARIS Discovery of a Low-mass, 6 au Separation Companion to HIP 109427 Using Stochastic Speckle Discrimination and High-contrast Spectroscopy*
Authors: Steiger Sarah , Currie Thayne , Brandt Timothy D. , Guyon Olivier , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Chilcote Jeffrey , Groff Tyler D. , Lozi Julien , Walter Alexander B. , Fruitwala Neelay , Bailey, III John I. , Zobrist Nicholas , Swimmer Noah , Lipartito Isabel , Smith Jennifer Pearl , Bockstiegel Clint , Meeker Seth R. , Coiffard Gregoire , Dodkins Rupert , Szypryt Paul , Davis Kristina K. , Daal Miguel , Bumble Bruce , Vievard Sebastien , Sahoo Ananya , Deo Vincent , Jovanovic Nemanja , Martinache Frantz , Doppmann Greg , Tamura Motohide , Kasdin N. Jeremy , Mazin Benjamin A.
Published: July 2021

We report the direct imaging discovery of a low-mass companion to the nearby accelerating A star, HIP 109427, with the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) instrument coupled with the Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector Exoplanet Camera (MEC) and CHARIS integral field spectrograph. CHARIS data reduced with reference star point spread function (PSF) subtraction yield 1.1–2.4 μm spectra. MEC reveals the companion in Y and J band at a comparable signal-to-noise ratio using stochastic speckle discrimination, with no PSF subtraction techniques. Combined with complementary follow-up L
p photometry from Keck/NIRC2, the SCExAO data favors a spectral type, effective temperature, and luminosity of M4–M5.5, 3000–3200 K, and

log

10

(
L

/

L

⊙

)
=
−

2.28

−
0.04

+
0.04

, respectively. Relative astrometry of HIP 109427 B from SCExAO/CHARIS and Keck/NIRC2, and complementary Gaia–Hipparcos absolute astrometry of the primary favor a semimajor axis of 6.55+3.0
−0.48 au, an eccentricity of

0.54

−
0.15

+
0.28

, an inclination of

66.7

−
14

+
8.5

degrees, and a dynamical mass of

0.280

−
0.059

+
0.18

M
⊙. This work shows the potential for extreme AO systems to utilize speckle statistics in addition to widely used postprocessing methods to directly image faint companions to nearby stars near the telescope diffraction limit.
Local Active Galactic Nuclei with Large Broad-Hα Variability Reside in Red Galaxies
Authors: Liu Wen-Juan , Lira Paulina , Yao Su , Xu Dawei , Wang Jing , Dong Xiao-Bo , Martínez-Palomera Jorge
Published: July 2021

Inspired by our serendipitous discovery of six active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with varying broad-Hα fluxes over years from our search for intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), we conduct a systematic investigation of changing-look (CL) and large-variability AGNs. We collect all the CL AGNs at z < 0.15 and the reverberation-mapped AGNs with strongly variable broad Hα and perform careful decomposition fittings to both their images and spectra. We find two observational facts: (1) The host galaxies of local CL and large-variability AGNs, mainly being Seyferts, are in the red (gas-poor) tail of the general Seyfert galaxy population. (2) In contrast, there is a significant trend that their more luminous counterparts, namely CL and extremely variable quasars (CLQs and EVQs), are different: CLQs are generally in blue galaxies; in terms of the diagram of star formation rate and M
*, local CL Seyfert galaxies are located in the green valley, whereas CLQ hosts are in the star-forming main sequence. We propose explanations for those strongly variable Seyferts and quasars, respectively, under the assumption that accretion disks broadly depend on nuclear fueling modes. Local large-variability and CL Seyferts are in nuclear famine mode, where cold-gas clumps can be formed stochastically in the fueling flow, and their episodic infall produces sharp peaks in the accretion-rate curve. CLQs and EVQs are in feast fueling mode, which may account for both their preference for blue galaxies and their variability pattern (high-amplitude tail of the continuous distribution). Lastly, we propose a new thinking: to search for IMBHs by optical variability in red galaxies.
The Effect of a Strong Pressure Bump in the Sun’s Natal Disk: Terrestrial Planet Formation via Planetesimal Accretion Rather than Pebble Accretion
Authors: Izidoro André , Bitsch Bertram , Dasgupta Rajdeep
Published: July 2021

Mass-independent isotopic anomalies of carbonaceous and noncarbonaceous meteorites show a clear dichotomy suggesting an efficient separation of the inner and outer solar system. Observations show that ring-like structures in the distribution of millimeter-sized pebbles in protoplanetary disks are common. These structures are often associated with drifting pebbles being trapped by local pressure maxima in the gas disk. Similar structures may also have existed in the Sun’s natal disk, which could naturally explain the meteorite/planetary isotopic dichotomy. Here, we test the effects of a strong pressure bump in the outer disk (e.g., ∼5 au) on the formation of the inner solar system. We model dust coagulation and evolution, planetesimal formation, as well as embryo growth via planetesimal and pebble accretion. Our results show that terrestrial embryos formed via planetesimal accretion rather than pebble accretion. In our model, the radial drift of pebbles fosters planetesimal formation. However, once a pressure bump forms, pebbles in the inner disk are lost via drift before they can be efficiently accreted by embryos growing at ⪆1 au. Embryos inside ∼0.5–1.0 au grow relatively faster and can accrete pebbles more efficiently. However, these same embryos grow to larger masses so they should migrate inwards substantially, which is inconsistent with the current solar system. Therefore, terrestrial planets most likely accreted from giant impacts of Moon to roughly Mars-mass planetary embryos formed around ⪆1.0 au. Finally, our simulations produce a steep radial mass distribution of planetesimals in the terrestrial region, which is qualitatively aligned with formation models suggesting that the asteroid belt was born low mass.
The Intrinsic Properties of Multiwavelength Energy Spectra for Fermi Teraelectronvolt Blazars
Authors: Zhou R. X. , Zheng Y. G. , Zhu K. R. , Kang S. J.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we have selected a sample of 64 teraelectronvolt blazars, with redshift, from those classified in the fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope source catalog.
3

3

https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/8yr_catalog/

We have obtained the values of the relevant physical parameters by performing a log-parabolic fitting of the average-state multiwavelength spectral energy distributions. We estimate the range of the radiation zone parameters, such as the Doppler factor (D), the magnetic field strength (B), the radiative zone radius (R), and the peak Lorentz factor (γ
p) of nonthermal electrons. Here, we show that (1) there is a strong linear positive correlation between the intrinsic synchrotron peak frequency and the intrinsic inverse Compton scattering (ICs) peak frequency among different types of blazars; (2) if radio bands are excluded, the spectral index of each band is negatively correlated with the intrinsic peak frequency; (3) there is a strong linear negative correlation between the curvature at the peak and the intrinsic peak frequency of the synchrotron bump, and a weak positive correlation between the curvature at the peak and the intrinsic peak frequency of the ICs bump; (4) there is a strong linear positive correlation between the intrinsic ICs peak luminosity and intrinsic γ-ray luminosity and between the intrinsic ICs peak frequency and peak Lorentz factor; (5) there is a strong negative linear correlation between

log

B

and

log

γ
p

; and (6) there is no correlation between

log

R

and

log

γ
p

.
Search for Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of Subsolar Mass and Eccentric Compact Binaries
Authors: Nitz Alexander H. , Wang 王一 Yi-Fan 帆
Published: July 2021

We present a search for gravitational waves from subsolar mass compact-binary mergers that allows for nonnegligible orbital eccentricity. Subsolar mass black holes are a signature of primordial origin black holes, which may be a component of dark matter. To produce binary coalescences, primordial black holes may form close binaries either in the early universe or more recently through dynamical interactions. A signature of dynamical formation would be the observation of noncircularized orbits. We search for black hole mergers where the primary mass is 0.1–7M
⊙ and the secondary mass is 0.1–1M
⊙. We allow for eccentricity up to ∼0.3 at a dominant-mode gravitational-wave frequency of 10 Hz for binaries with component masses >0.5M
⊙. We find no convincing candidates in the public LIGO data from 2015–2017. The two most promising candidates have a false alarm rate of 1 per 3 and 4 yr, respectively, which combined is only a ∼2.4σ deviation from the expected Poisson rate. Given the marginal statistical significance, we place upper limits on the rate of subsolar mass mergers under the assumption of a null observation and compare how these limits may inform the possible dark matter contribution.
Pediatric Observational Priority Score and Early Warning Scoring System to Predict Admission Status in Pediatric Patients in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital
Authors: Wati Linda , Malisie Ririe Fachrina , Harahap Juliandi
Published: July 2021

Background: Doctors must be able to quickly and accurately assess clinical condition of patients, especially in the emergency rooms. An easy scoring system but producing meaningful clinical conclusions is the reason for creating various scoring systems. Includes a scoring system for predicting the admission status of patients.
Aim: To determine the diagnostic value of POPS and EWSS to predicting admission status of pediatric patients in the emergency department.
Methods: Diagnostic tests for POPS and EWSS were done to predict the admission status of pediatric patients in the emergency department of Haji Adam Malik general hospital from May to October 2020. Subjects aged 1 month to 18 years were excluded if they left the emergency department prior to assessment, had trauma cases, died, inpatients due to social indications, and patients who came only to continue therapy were also excluded. POPS and EWSS assessments were carried out by the researcher and the admission status of the patients were determined by the doctor in charge in the emergency department.
Results: There were 119 children meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. POPS score ≥3 had sensitivity 82.65%, specificity 85.71%, and AUC 0.88 (p <0.001). EWSS score ≥2 had sensitivity 83.67%, specificity 71.43%, and AUC 0.83 (p <0.001).
Conclusion: POPS and EWSS had good diagnostic values in predicting the admission status of pediatric patients in the emergency department. POPS has a slightly higher diagnostic value than EWSS.
A new species of Procambarus (Decapoda, Cambaridae) from the State of Querétaro, Mexico
Authors: Pedraza-Lara Carlos , Gutiérrez-Yurrita Pedro Joaquín , Jesus-Bonilla Vladimir Salvador De
Published: July 2021

With a Nearctic distribution, the family Cambaridae harbors a high species richness in Mexico, which is also evident along the Pánuco River catchment. A series of surveys carried on in five populations from the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve in the State of Querétaro resulted in localizing a putative new species for science. A molecular phylogenetic study and species delimitation analyses including all the known Procambarus species from the Pánuco River catchment were conducted based on three mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA, 12S rDNA, and COI; 2,462 bp in total). Phylogeny recovered all species as monophyletic, including the populations under study. All delimitation results based on barcoding, ABGD, GMYC, bPTP, and gonopod differentiation agree in the recognition of a new taxon, to which the name Procambarus xihuisp. nov. is given, and its diagnosis and description are provided. The new species can be distinguished from the remaining species in the genus, among other characters, by a unique configuration of the terminal elements of the first pleopod of form I male, which includes a central projection lamellate, hood-like, forming a concave blade-like structure mesially directed, as well as a caudal process crest-like, mesiodistally directed, forming a lateral side of the concavity.
Pourquoi nous devons inscrire Facebook à la liste des Héritages de l’Unesco
Authors: Villarubias Marc
Published: July 2021

Formidable photographie de la société humaine du début du xxi e  siècle, les milliards de données collectées par Facebook doivent devenir un bien commun et être protégées par leur inscription à l’Unesco. Audacieuse et semée d’embûches, cette démarche est loin d’être utopique. Marc Villarubias , son initiateur, a choisi NECTART pour la révéler et exposer sa faisabilité.
Comment Netflix bâtit son empire
Authors: Wiart Louis
Published: July 2021

De simple distributeur, Netflix est devenue une usine à produire des contenus originaux dans une logique d’exclusivité et de « glocalisation ». Louis Wiart analyse cette stratégie payante qui lui vaut de dominer le marché mondial de la vidéo à la demande.
La culture passe-t-elle enfin au vert ?
Authors: Delotte François
Published: July 2021

Longtemps à la traîne sur le respect de l’environnement, le monde culturel a-t-il lui aussi basculé vers des pratiques « éco-responsables » ? François Delotte souligne les avancées mais aussi la nécessaire réflexion à mener sur l’évolution de pratiques moins énergivores.
Travailler pour être payé ? Origines et formes de la rémunération du travail
Authors: Clerc Marion , Labrue Lorine
Published: July 2021

Cet encadré explore le lien entre rémunération et travail : le travail a-t-il toujours été rémunéré ? Quels sont les origines anthropologiques et les fondements microéconomiques de la rémunération du travail ? Comment s’articulent rémunération matérielle et reconnaissance sociale ?
Rémunérer le travail au Moyen Âge
Authors: Rivière François
Published: July 2021

Entre le v e et le xii e  siècle, la rémunération marchande du travail s’efface devant les relations de dépendance. Mais à partir du xiii e  siècle, des marchés du travail se développent avec des contrats diversifiés et personnalisés, notamment dans les industries médiévales ou dans l’agriculture intensive, tandis que les rétributions de la noblesse et du clergé se distinguent par leurs composantes symboliques. Les autorités régulent les conflits et les fluctuations conjoncturelles, mais les privilèges des organisations de métiers et l’action des institutions n’abolissent pas la concurrence.
« Faire » son salaire : rémunérations variables et remontée de l’incertitude
Authors: Bernard Sophie
Published: July 2021

On observe à partir des années 2000 un mouvement de diversification et de complexification des rémunérations. Si les managers usent des rémunérations variables comme d’un outil de mobilisation du personnel, les enquêtes démontrent qu’elles participent d’une remontée de l’incertitude au cœur du salariat stable et s’accompagnent d’un accroissement des inégalités de genre.
Les rémunérations du travail : une affaire d’incitations ?
Authors: Federspiel Claire , Sadourny Mathieu
Published: July 2021

Cet encadré discute les justifications économiques des incitations monétaires proposées par la théorie de l’agence. Si elles apparaissent, en théorie, comme des solutions optimales pour lutter contre l’aléa moral et l’antisélection, leur pertinence empirique reste discutée.
Productivité marginale du travail : entre théories, outils et idéologies
Authors: Askenazy Philippe
Published: July 2021

La notion de productivité marginale des facteurs de production — y compris du travail — joue un rôle majeur dans la pensée économique contemporaine et la formation des économistes. Pour preuve, elle est enseignée en France dès le lycée à des jeunes en spécialité Sciences économiques et sociales (SES), alors même que beaucoup n’auront pas eu de cours de mathématiques leur introduisant la notion de dérivée ou de tangente ! Les analyses sur cette notion en elle-même abondent. Une revue exhaustive nécessiterait un ouvrage, je me contenterai donc ici de présenter une sélection personnelle.
Salaires et exploitation chez Marx
Authors: Subtil Hugo
Published: July 2021

Cet encadré revient sur la définition de la rémunération des salariés que propose Karl Marx dans ses écrits. Il met en lumière les tensions qui sont sous-jacentes à cette définition notamment l’exploitation des travailleurs  : ceux-ci ne touchent pas l’entièreté de la valeur qu’ils ont contribué à produire. Ainsi, selon Marx, le salaire ne représente pas la valeur du produit du travail mais la location de la force de travail .
Le salaire minimum en perspective historique
Authors: Gautié Jérôme , Oudot Julie , Subtil Hugo
Published: July 2021

Le débat sur l’opportunité d’un salaire minimum (SM) est né à la fin du xix e siècle. Il renvoie à différents principes d’équité : le salaire de subsistance, la juste rémunération du travail (et son corollaire, l’absence d’exploitation), l’instrument de lutte contre les inégalités. Le SM n’est cependant pas toujours l’outil le plus adéquat pour lutter contre la pauvreté. La question sur l’opportunité d’une norme de SM au niveau européen est apparue récemment, et, au niveau national, la crise de la COVID renforce l’actualité du débat sur la juste rémunération des « premières de corvée ».
Que fait la rémunération aux loisirs ? Le cas du blogging culinaire
Authors: Naulin Sidonie
Published: July 2021

Si le travail est généralement associé à l’idée de rémunération, symétriquement, le loisir est associé à celle de gratuité. Or, avec le développement d’Internet, les possibilités de rendre visible auprès d’une large audience le produit de ses activités de loisir et de le commercialiser se sont démultipliées. Le cas des blogueuses culinaires met en évidence les ambiguïtés de la rémunération des loisirs. Si celle-ci apparaît faible et en partie non recherchée, son existence participe à renforcer les autres formes de gratifications (sociales et symboliques) que procure le loisir et tend ainsi à transformer la nature de l’activité.
Rémunérer le travail des fonctionnaires
Authors: Rouban Luc
Published: July 2021

La rémunération des fonctionnaires n’est pas comparable à celle des salariés du privé. Elle est fixée de manière unilatérale et ne peut pas faire l’objet de négociation avec les employeurs publics. Elle n’est pas liée à des prestations économiques mais à l’occupation d’un emploi dans une hiérarchie. La rémunération des fonctionnaires est donc déconnectée de leur investissement personnel dans un travail qui reste de nature collective. L’individualisation des rémunérations ne joue que sur une faible part de la rémunération totale. Si les théories du New Public Management ont cherché à introduire les logiques de rémunération du secteur privé dans la fonction publique, elles n’ont pas pu supprimer un rapport au travail dominé par le sens de l’utilité sociale et collective.
Réglementation sanitaire et environnementale des ONIEA
Authors: Commeau Natalie , Bodénez Philippe
Published: July 2021

Nous pouvons être confrontés à des sources de bruit très variées durant la journée et la nuit : bruit de nos voisins, des entreprises, de loisirs, des transports… C’est pourquoi la réglementation encadrant la limitation de l’exposition au bruit est vaste. Plusieurs lois, décrets et arrêtés sont partiellement ou entièrement consacrés au bruit. Un texte reste fondateur : la loi n°92-1444 du 31 décembre 1992 relative à la lutte contre le bruit. La plupart de ses articles sont toujours en vigueur et codifiés dans le Code de l’environnement. Ce droit français a été complété par le droit européen. Enfin, l’encadrement juridique des nuisances sonores des aéronefs relève en grande partie du droit international. Les valeurs limites d’exposition du grand public aux ondes non ionisantes électromagnétiques (ONIE) actuellement en vigueur datent de 2002. La loi n°2015-136 du 9 février 2015, dite loi Abeille, traite de la sobriété, de la transparence, de l’information et de la concertation en matière d’exposition aux ONIE. L’ensemble de ces dispositions visent à limiter au mieux l’exposition de nos concitoyens à ces ondes, qui dans certains cas peuvent générer des désagréments plus ou moins importants.
Agir en européen. Forme et présence de l’État dans la fabrique des décisions de supervision des acteurs de l’union bancaire
Authors: Violle Alexandre
Published: July 2021

Depuis le 4 novembre 2014 et la mise en place du Mécanisme de supervision unique (MSU), la Banque centrale européenne est devenue le superviseur des banques de la zone euro. Cette réforme organise un transfert de souveraineté historique en matière de politique bancaire. L’article interroge ce transfert à l’aune des pratiques ordinaires de prises de décisions au sein du MSU. À partir d’une ethnographie de l’Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution, l’administration prenant part au MSU pour le compte de la France, il montre que loin de s’effacer, la présence des États est reconfigurée. Agir en Européen dans la nouvelle Union bancaire consiste pour les acteurs des autorités nationales en une activité de problématisation de ce que sont des risques financiers contrôlables via une négociation portant sur les effets d’éventuelles mesures européennes sur leur territoire bancaire national.
Comment l’État s’envisage-t-il ? Stabilisation et déstabilisations du signe graphique de l’État français
Authors: Alauzen Marie
Published: July 2021

L’article interroge l’actualité du souci de continuité de la représentation politique en se penchant sur le signe de la présence de l’État par l’écrit : le visage de Marianne. Ce cas retrace, pas à pas, la manière dont ce signe graphique a été stabilisé dans les écrits administratifs, à partir de 1997, dont ses usages ont été policés et dont sa multiplication a été soigneusement contrôlée. Il met en évidence une épreuve diffuse de figuration au cours de laquelle l’entité « État » s’est construite dans la continuité d’un visage-signe et d’une signification négociée : État-gouvernement, État-service public, État-garant de l’identité des individus-usagers.
A 5-Year Retrospective Assessment of Clinical Presentation Associated With Sports Injury in Young People Presenting to a Tertiary Eye Center
Authors: Dockery Dominique M. , Harrington Magdalena A. , Gardiner Matthew F. , Krzystolik Magdalena G.
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To examine the incidence and initial presentation of sports-related ocular injury in youth.

Methods:

This retrospective case series study was performed at Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts. Inclusion criteria were visit dates between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015, age 5 to 25 years, an ocular injury International Classifcation of Disease code, and a sports-related mechanism of injury.

Results:

The final sample was 223 patients, representing approximately 20% of all youth eye injuries (mean age: 16.2 years (range: 6 to 24 years); 78.9% boys, 21.2% girls). The most common diagnosis was hyphema (72.2%). Most injuries occurred with soccer (23.3%), baseball (17.0%), and basketball (11.7%), with a mean visual acuity of 20/40, 20/50, and 20/50, respectively. The injuries with the lowest mean visual acuity resulted from paintball (20/500) and airsoft gun shooting (20/200). Thirty-three patients (14.7%) required surgical intervention. The average number of follow-up visits within 1 year was five.

Conclusions:

Approximately 20% of youth ocular injury visits were sports related, with male teenagers affected most. Hyphema was the most common type of sports-related eye injury posing a lifelong risk of ocular complications. Popular youth sports such as soccer, baseball, and basketball caused the most eye injuries. Shooting sports with paintball and airsoft guns were associated with the greatest loss of vision. Patients infrequently reported the use of protective eyewear at the time of injury. Protective eye equipment should be worn by youth participating in sports to prevent ocular trauma and the potential for surgical intervention.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(6):377–384.]
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among Caregivers of Children With Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Wadhwani Meenakshi , Kursange Shubhangi , Chopra Kritika , Singh Rahul , Kumari Sneha
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To determine the knowledge and attitude about vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and factors affecting the practice and compliance with treatment in caregivers of children with VKC.

Methods:

The study was conducted in a tertiary care pediatric hospital in northern India. It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study in which 65 caregivers (parents or guardians) were interviewed regarding their knowledge about the disease and attitude of caregivers.

Results:

Of 268 children with VKC visiting the ophthalmology department during the study period, 65 children met the inclusion criteria; 53 (81.54%) were boys and 12 (18.46%) were girls. A total of 69.2% of caregivers were not aware of the symptoms of the disease and 83% of caregivers were unaware of the side effects of eye drops used. A total of 24.61% of caregivers considered VKC affected school hours and other recreational activities of children (
P
< .001). Compliance with treatment decreases with more episodes of VKC and longer duration of symptoms.

Conclusions:

The chronic course of the disease affects compliance with treatment and follow-up with an eye specialist. Proper education of caregivers of children with VKC can influence the compliance with treatment.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(6):390–395.]
A Review of Driving and Binocularity
Authors: Dakroub Mohamad , Boueiri Marguerita , Al-Haddad Christiane
Published: July 2021

Although most jurisdictions allow stereoscopically deficient and monocular individuals to drive, studies regarding these visual components' effects on driving have to date yielded contradicting results. Interviews, record reviews, and experiments have been used to unmask these effects. In interviews, participants with amblyopia reported several difficulties operating automobiles. Record reviews yielded mixed results, with studies revealing an increased crash rate and/or severity in a group of stereoscopically deficient commercial drivers, whereas studies of non-commercial drivers failed to make that association. Furthermore, experimental studies showed that individuals with reduced stereopsis braked earlier and were less likely to crash. With regard to monocularity, real-life experiments failed to demonstrate a poorer driving performance and simulation studies showed that drivers with sudden monocularity were more likely to crash and drive off the road.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2022;59(1):6–12.]
Familial Factors in the Development of Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Olson Christine M.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the current article is to explore familial factors that influence the development of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in children and adolescents, including parenting, sibling relationships, and family environment. A multitude of interrelated genetic and familial factors have been found to cause and maintain SAD in children and adolescents. There are many challenges in diagnosing and treating the disorder. Knowledge and awareness of familial factors provide insight on targeted treatments that prevent or ameliorate SAD. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59
(7), 23–34.]
Qualitative properties of mathematical model for data flow
Authors: Hauck Cory D. , Herty Michael , Visconti Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

In this paper, properties of a recently proposed mathematical model for data flow in large-scale asynchronous computer systems are analyzed. In particular, the existence of special weak solutions based on propagating fronts is established. Qualitative properties of these solutions are investigated, both theoretically and numerically.
Nueva lectura del capítulo 157 del tratado agrícola de Ibn Luyūn
Authors: Akef Walid , Almela Iñigo
Published: July 2021

Desde hace unos años el interés por el entorno urbano de las ciudades andalusíes se ha intensificado y del mismo modo se ha avanzado considerablemente en el estudio de las almunias, un modelo de explotación agrícola vinculado a las élites y al poder que funcionaba igualmente como lugar de esparcimiento. Desde que Joaquina Eguaras realizase la edición y traducción del tratado de agricultura de Ibn Luyūn en la década de 1970, su traducción del último capítulo sobre la organización de una almunia ha sido reproducida de manera considerable e incluso se ha empleado para interpretar la información aportada por las fuentes documentales y los restos arqueológicos. En primer lugar, este artículo trata de ofrecer una nueva traducción en la que se han intentado solventar algunas de las confusiones arrastradas desde la traducción de Eguaras, así como también plantear una nueva versión mucho más comprensible. Se ha empleado para ello el mismo manuscrito que ella utilizó y que se encuentra depositado en el archivo-biblioteca de la Escuela de Estudios Árabes del CSIC en Granada. Además, se han incluido las siete notas marginales que acompañan al capítulo y que nunca habían sido sacadas a la luz. En segundo lugar, se ha tratado de analizar exhaustivamente cada uno de los datos que aportan los 29 versos y las siete notas, tratando de ponerlos en relación con el conocimiento que hoy en día se tiene de estas fincas, así como de las prácticas agrícolas andalusíes. Finalmente ofrecemos una hipotética reconstrucción gráfica en la que se plasman las ideas que Ibn Luyūn quiso transmitir.
Reconstrucción de edificios y análisis urbanístico de centros históricos con fotogrametría aérea
Authors: Picon-Cabrera Inmaculada , Rodríguez-Gonzálvez Pablo , Toschi Isabella , Remondino Fabio , González-Aguilera Diego
Published: July 2021

Los centros urbanos históricos son escenarios complejos para su reconstrucción tridimensional. Los avances en la reconstrucción automática son de gran utilidad para realizar análisis urbanísticos que de otra manera requerirían un elevado esfuerzo humano. En este artículo, se derivarán de forma automática parámetros urbanísticos para el análisis de los centros históricos. En particular, se utiliza un vuelo fotogramétrico como base para la obtención de modelos 3D de edificios con propiedades métricas. Los resultados revelan que la información geométrica de los edificios (alturas, áreas y volúmenes) y los atributos de densidad urbana (intensidad de ocupación del suelo en 2D y 3D) juegan un papel esencial en el diseño, planificación y gestión de los centros históricos. El enfoque propuesto fue validado en el centro histórico de la ciudad de Trento (Italia) utilizando datos catastrales y un sistema de cartografiado móvil como referencia geométrica.
Perspectivas sobre el patrimonio documental publicitario. Un estudio de caso en el panorama español: las agencias RECLAM y Está Pasando
Authors: Parras-Parras Alicia , Rodríguez-Cela Julia
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación analiza la importancia que el patrimonio publicitario tiene en dos agencias de publicidad españolas: RECLAM, ubicada en Galicia y con una trayectoria de ochenta años; y Está Pasando creada en 2014 y con sede en Madrid. A través de un estudio de caso comparativo se llega a las siguientes conclusiones: 1) falta de concienciación en cuanto a la necesidad de conservar el patrimonio documental que generan las agencias de publicidad; 2) el patrimonio publicitario genera un valor añadido que puede utilizarse en el seno de la agencia para producir nuevas campañas y para promocionarse; 3) necesidad de incorporar en el sector publicitario profesionales de la documentación capaces de asumir tareas que permitan conservar las campañas y generar el archivo de la agencia.
TELE-MONITORING SYSTEM OF RISK IN RESPIRATORY PATIENTS
Authors: Al-Zaben Awad , Al-Ebbini Lina M.K. , Qatashah Badr
Published: July 2021

In many situations, health care professionals need to evaluate the respiration rate (RR) for home patients. Moreover, when cases are more than health care providers’ capacity, it is important to follow up cases at home. In this paper, we present a complete system that enables healthcare providers to follow up with patients with respiratory-related diseases at home. The aim is to evaluate the use of a mobile phone’s accelerometer to capture respiration waveform from different patients using mobile phones. Whereas measurements are performed by patients themselves from home, and not by professional health care personnel, the signals captured by mobile phones are subjected to many unknowns. Therefore, the validity of the signals has to be evaluated first and before any processing. Proper signal processing algorithms can be used to prepare the captured waveform for RR computations. A validity check is considered at different stages using statistical measures and pathophysiological limitations. In this paper, a mobile application is developed to capture the accelerometer signals and send the data to a server at the health care facility. The server has a database of each patient’s signals considering patient privacy and security of information. All the validations and signal processing are performed on the server side. The patient’s condition can be followed up over a few days and an alarm system may be implemented at the server-side in case of respiration deterioration or when there is a risk of a patient’s need for hospitalization. The risk is determined based on respiration signal features extracted from the received respiration signal including RR, and Autoregressive (AR) moving average (ARMA) model parameters of the signal. Results showed that the presented method can be used at a larger scale enabling health care providers to monitor a large number of patients.
WIDEBAND ENERGY HARVESTING FOR IMPLANTABLE BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Bahar Mohammad Reza Balazadeh , Bahrami Manouchehr , Sharifian Mohammad Bagher Bannae
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a nonresonant electromagnetic micro-generator is proposed. The proposed device is capable of converting nonresonant environmental vibrations to electrical power. The energy harvester could generate output power from heartbeat, human leg and arm motion. The proposed energy harvester uses Frequency up CONVersion technique (FCONV) to improve the bandwidth of the device. The results approve the high bandwidth of the proposed method. The micro-generator is designed by micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) methods. Consequently, the volume of the power harvester is minimized and power density is maximized. The new configuration of energy harvester with imposed motion trigger is proposed. Output power, bandwidth and performance of the designed micro-power harvester are discussed. The proposed micro-generator exhibits higher bandwidth in comparison with resonant, multi-resonant and tunable bandwidth structures. The nonresonant device is designed using FCONV to convert 1–3[Formula: see text]Hz heartbeat mechanical vibrations to output electrical power. The optimum upconverted mechanical vibration frequency is 60[Formula: see text]Hz and the output voltage frequency is 120[Formula: see text]Hz. The peak output electrical power of FCONV is 17.75[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W. For 1[Formula: see text]Hz, 2[Formula: see text]Hz and 3[Formula: see text]Hz mechanical vibration with imposed motion trigger, average output powers are 1.60[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W, 3.81[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W and 5.19[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W, respectively. The achieved results illustrate that the proposed FCONV method exhibits better and wider frequency response in comparison with different methods. The designed device can be utilized to supply implantable biomedical sensors. Also, the heat generation of the device is studied. The results illustrate that the temperature rise of the micro-generator remains in the normal human body temperature range. Hence, the proposed power harvester is biocompatible.
Challenges to Inclusion
Authors: Chen Angela
Published: July 2021

The expansion of inclusion practices has led to an increase in the integration of special education learners into general education classrooms. In order to meet the needs of all learners within inclusion classrooms, general and special education teachers must combine their respective teaching expertise. However, there are significant challenges to inclusion opportunities arising from a variety of sources. These major barriers to integration are described as environmental, knowledge-based, and relationship-based challenges. Examples of these challenges are discussed with respect to issues related to inclusion faced by both general and special education teachers.
Advancing Teacher Candidates' Capabilities for Differentiated Instruction
Authors: Bhattacharya Alpana
Published: July 2021

This chapter illustrates pedagogical practices from an undergraduate educational psychology course focused on preparing preservice teacher candidates for inclusive education in grades 7-12 general classes. First, literature related to teacher preparation for multi-tiered inclusive education is reviewed. Next, an inclusive instructional project is showcased to pinpoint pedagogical approaches used for promoting preservice teacher candidates' capabilities for differentiated instruction and technology-enhanced instruction in general education. Finally, implications of pedagogical practices for promoting preservice teacher candidates' aptitude for teaching diverse students via differentiated instruction are discussed, and future research directions for examining effectiveness of teacher preparation in general education for inclusive education are suggested.
Specific Learning Disabilities - Implementation of an Intervention Program
Authors: Kougioumtzis Georgios A. , Sofologi Maria , Fella Argyro , Kaliotsou Isidora , Koundourou Christiana , Bonti Eleni , Papantoniou Georgia
Published: July 2021

Over the past three decades, the interest of teachers and parents has focused on a variety of learning difficulties that students face in school settings. A significant number of students systematically fail in school, as they lack early detection of learning difficulties or effective intervention. This case study examines an elementary school student within a more general context, taking into account essential parameters such as family, school, and social environment. Furthermore, the authors thoroughly describe his difficulties in practical terms, as well as ways to address them through the implementation of an individual intervention program that responds to the needs of the student. Finally, reference is made to significant evidence that cooperation with parents as well as with a number of institutions strengthens and enhances intervention.
Instruction Expanded
Authors: Manzone Jessica , Nyberg Julia
Published: July 2021

The concept of inclusiveness encompasses more than just the integration of students with special needs into the general education setting. It involves modifying and reorienting access to the curriculum so that the learning experience encourages talent development that reinforces scholarly traits that are reflective of the needs, interests, abilities, and cultural backgrounds of the learners in the classroom. In this chapter, the authors overlay two instructional strategies for classroom teachers—scholarly traits and the talent development model—and articulate how they can reinforce the building blocks of a culturally mediated and inclusive learning environment that broadens access to the curriculum. The goal of this chapter is to model how research-based pedagogical strategies can be altered to intersect, tailored to reinforce, and reworked to be responsive using aspects of universal design for learning and culturally-mediated instructional practices to create inclusive learning experiences for all students.
Leading the Transformation of Higher Education Institutions Through Social Justice, Equity, and Inclusion
Authors: Alvarado Maricela , Ward Catherine
Published: July 2021

This chapter will highlight the stories of two student affairs professionals who have some identities and experiences in common, but their differences have marked essential lessons for how they lead. This chapter also proposes being a student-ready educator takes a commitment to examine ourselves, our values, beliefs, and attitudes, and how they play out in our service to students. With this in mind, the authors recommend essential characteristics for being a student-ready educator, which includes (1) self-reflection, (2) empathy and compassion, (3) authenticity, (4) gratitude, (5) advocacy, and (6) personal sense of belonging. This chapter will expand on these characteristics and ways to skillfully engage them in meeting the needs of students from diverse backgrounds in these contested times to become more effective student-ready educators.
Fostering and Developing Culturally-Aware Mentorship Practices
Authors: Armistead Katya Jean , Woods Vanessa
Published: July 2021

This chapter describes the creation of a workshop that focuses on institutional capacity building through fostering and developing culturally aware mentorship practices across institutional barriers. The theme of the work is a commitment to fostering a personal journey and in connection fostering relationships with others. Fostering connection and relationships creates a thriving inclusive support network that extends far beyond the classrooms and student centers, and into other important spaces where non-instructional staff, faculty, and administration can effectively support and mentor our students. What may not have been intentional but was an effective component in the success of these workshops was the collaboration between the authors as staff and faculty coming together to create and present these culturally based mentorship workshops.
Curriculum for Compassion
Authors: Ambikar Rucha , Szrot Lukas , Greer Colleen , Peterson Debra
Published: July 2021

This chapter discusses the central question of whether a discipline and the faculty leaders associated with that discipline can focus on nurturing compassion and working towards social justice—in students and in their institutions—through the designing of a curriculum that puts an intersectional analysis of social inequalities front and center. As four sociology faculty from a midwestern state university, the authors discuss how our personal backgrounds and identities influence their pedagogy and their leadership in the institution. They see these two goals—of cultivating compassion within themselves, among students, and across institutional dialogue—as equally important parts of a fuller conversation on working towards social justice, equity, and inclusion. The goal in this chapter is to present a model for university leadership and educators that can identify the multiple levels of interlocution needed in institutions in order to foster a welcoming and compassionate environment for all.
Leadership Redefined
Authors: Struloeff Katrina , Fornaro Christopher J. , Sterin Kimberly , Gutierrez Jocelyn A. , Flowers III Alonzo M.
Published: July 2021

A persistent gap exists in literature surrounding the inequalities of women in higher education senior administration roles. This study explores how white women in higher education senior administration roles navigate the interplay of power and privilege by examining both how power and privilege have worked in their disadvantage and advantage. Additionally, participants discuss their responsibility in utilizing their power and privilege for the benefit of other women and minoritized populations. Using an intersectional feminist lens in semi-structured interviews, the participants' critical reflections led to the emergence of the following categories of findings: an awareness of self and power structures, leveraging power and privilege for others, and steps towards disruption of current power systems and structures. In this chapter, the word “women” refers to all people who identify as women.
Disrupting Structural Whiteness in Higher Education
Authors: Corces-Zimmerman Chris , Southern Deborah E.
Published: July 2021

For more than a century, students and higher education leaders, practitioners, and scholars have imagined and implemented strategies to subvert racism and advocate for racial equity within U.S. higher education. However, racist campus climates and exclusionary practices persist because institutions of higher education themselves are structurally rooted in whiteness and white supremacy. In this chapter, the authors connect their social and political subjectivities as white scholars with their dedication to the dismantling of structures of whiteness within higher education in order to present one way to transform institutions. Through the presentation of theoretical and practical examples, they make the case that it is the shared responsibility of white leaders across the spectrum of higher education to take action against the racialized policies and norms that privilege white people by examining and abolishing institutional structures that support whiteness. Ultimately, the fight for equity and justice in higher education must center the challenging of structural manifestations of whiteness.
The Miseducation of Hispanic Children
Authors: Casey J. Elizabeth , Mireles Selina V.
Published: July 2021

Future teachers must be prepared to use instructional strategies to support diverse students, especially English learners (ELs). Whether a student's first language is Spanish, Russian, etc., having access to native language is vital to support learning. Likewise, preparing K-12 teachers to employ appropriate pedagogical methods to support learning is critical. In two separate studies, the first author accumulated field notes and reflections on observations and events that occurred during a research study on the effectiveness of metacognitive strategies in supporting ELs' academic performance. These post-study reflections revealed distinct differences in first language support that may have impacted student learning. In one study, ELs had limited opportunities to access their first language. In a second study, ELs were provided multiple opportunities to access native language. The authors reflect on differing instructional approaches used with ELs, arguing that opportunities to access native language is essential in supporting English acquisition and academic learning/performance.