bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution mapping of upland swamp vegetation using an unmanned aerial vehicle-hyperspectral system
Authors: Banerjee Bikram , Raval Simit , Cullen Patrick
Published: November 2017

Mapping of vegetation species and communities in sensitive ecosystems is essential for identification and
management of anthropogenic impacts. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-hyperspectral systems are among the latest
technologies in remote sensing that hold a potential for obtaining unprecedented quality of remote sensing data for
vegetation mapping and health status monitoring applications. In this study, high-resolution (1–1.5 cm) spectral imaging data
(15 bands) from a tunable spectrometer is used to map five species of vegetation in a complex upland swamp
environment. The overall accuracy of classification was found to be 88.9% with a kappa coefficient of 0.83. Three
classes (bare earth, sedgeland grass and black sheoak) have achieved higher accuracy (above 78%) and one class
(bracken fern) has lower accuracy (58%). UAV-hyperspectral technology is, therefore, an effective tool to identify and
map sensitive swamp vegetation. The technology can be potentially applied to determine the health status of the
species.
The RNA exosome and RNA exosome-linked disease
Authors: Morton Derrick J. , Kuiper Emily G. , Jones Stephanie K. , Leung Sara W. , Corbett Anita H. , Fasken Milo B.
Published: November 2017

The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved, ribonuclease complex that is critical for both processing and degradation of a variety of RNAs. Cofactors that associate with the RNA exosome likely dictate substrate specificity for this complex. Recently, mutations in genes encoding both structural subunits of the RNA exosome and its cofactors have been linked to human disease. Mutations in the RNA exosome genesEXOSC3andEXOSC8cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1b (PCH1b) and type 1c (PCH1c), respectively, which are similar autosomal-recessive, neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in the RNA exosome geneEXOSC2cause a distinct syndrome with various tissue-specific phenotypes including retinitis pigmentosa and mild intellectual disability. Mutations in genes that encode RNA exosome cofactors also cause tissue-specific diseases with complex phenotypes. How mutations in these genes give rise to distinct, tissue-specific diseases is not clear. In this review, we discuss the role of the RNA exosome complex and its cofactors in human disease, consider the amino acid changes that have been implicated in disease, and speculate on the mechanisms by which exosome gene mutations could underlie dysfunction and disease.
Evaluation of postnatal education on breastfeeding technique of Jordanian mothers
Authors: Abuidhail Jamila , Odeh Abeer , Ibrewish Tasneem , Alqam Bayan , Alajrab Isra'a
Published: November 2017

Background

In Jordan, most of postnatal breastfeeding education is focused on knowledge of breastfeeding rather than latch-on technique and skills of breastfeeding practice.

Aim

To measure the effectiveness of postnatal breastfeeding education among postpartum mothers in Jordan.

Methods

A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group before-after design was used to measure the effectiveness of postnatal breastfeeding education among 216 Jordanian mothers. The intervention group received a postnatal breastfeeding education session, while the comparison group received daily postnatal care in hospital. Data were collected before and after the intervention.

Findings

This study showed an increase in the number of postpartum mothers in the intervention group who demonstrated skills of proper positioning after receiving educational material.

Conclusion

Postnatal breastfeeding education is effective in promoting breastfeeding practice and exclusive breastfeeding.
Why is education for pelvic floor muscle exercises a neglected public health issue?
Authors: Dickinson Bethany , Briscoe Lesley
Published: November 2017

Background

Pelvic floor muscle exercises positively impact on urinary stress incontinence and quality of life for women.

Aim

To try and understand more about pelvic floor exercises.

Methods

A search was performed on Cochrane, CINAHL and Discover More. Delimiting the search provided 28 papers, which then informed this literature review. Differing methodology and small sample size of individual studies, variation in trainer and the design of pelvic floor muscle exercises education limited the evidence base.

Findings

Many barriers existed and women were found to be disinterested with pelvic floor exercises or unaware of the reasons for performing them. Those who were young, in their first pregnancy and from deprived areas were less likely to perform pelvic floor muscle exercises, as they had no access to information or believed they were not necessary. Midwives lacked confidence in their knowledge and suggested that other health professionals could perform promotion better.

Conclusions

It is important to investigate how midwives can influence education about pelvic floor muscle exercises and women's perceptions. New and creative methods of health promotion are needed to engage women with pelvic floor muscle exercises more effectively.
Dysregulation of both miR-140-3p and miR-140-5p in synovial fluid correlate with osteoarthritis severity
Authors: Yin C-M. , Suen W-C-W. , Lin S. , Wu X-M. , Li G. , Pan X-H.
Published: November 2017

Objectives

This study looked to analyse the expression levels of microRNA-140-3p and microRNA-140-5p in synovial fluid, and their correlations to the severity of disease regarding knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Knee joint synovial fluid samples were collected from 45 patients with OA of the knee (15 mild, 15 moderate and 15 severe), ten healthy volunteers, ten patients with gouty arthritis, and ten with rheumatoid arthritis. The Kellgren–Lawrence grading (KLG) was used to assess the radiological severity of knee OA, and the patients were stratified into mild (KLG < 2), moderate (KLG = 2), and severe (KLG > 2). The expression of miR-140-3p and miR-140-5p of individual samples was measured by SYBR Green quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The expression of miR-140-3p and miR-140-5p was normalised to U6 internal control using the 2-△△CT method. All data were processed using SPSS software.

Results

Expression of both miR-140-3p and miR-140-5p was downregulated in OA synovial fluid, showing a statistical difference between the OA and non-OA group, and increased OA severity was associated with a decreased expression of miR-140-3p or miR-140-5p. The Spearman rank correlation analysis suggested that the expression of miR-140-3p or miR-140-5p was negatively correlated with OA severity. In addition, the expression of miR-140-5p was 7.4 times higher than that of miR-140-3p across all groups.

Conclusion

The dysregulation of miR-140-3p and miR-140-5p in synovial fluid and their correlations with the disease severity of OA may provide an important experimental basis for OA classification, and the miR-140-3p/miR-140-5p are of great potential as biomarkers in the diagnosis and clinical management of patients with OA. Cite this article: C-M. Yin, W-C-W. Suen, S. Lin, X-M. Wu, G. Li, X-H. Pan. Dysregulation of both miR-140-3p and miR-140-5p in synovial fluid correlate with osteoarthritis severity. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:612–618. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.611.BJR-2017-0090.R1.
Precision Medicine in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: The Relevance of Early-Life Exposures
Authors: Estampador Angela C , Franks Paul W
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent and devastating. Obesity is a diabetogenic factor, driving insulin resistance and a compensatory demand for increased insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cells; a failure to address this demand results in diabetes. Accordingly, primary and secondary prevention of obesity are at the core of diabetes prevention programs. The development of obesity and declining β-cell function often span many years or decades before diabetes is clinically manifest. Thus, characterizing the early-life process and risk factors that set disease trajectories may yield novel targets for early intervention and help improve the accuracy of prediction algorithms, factors germane to the emerging field of precision medicine.

CONTENT

Here, we overview the concepts of precision medicine and fetal programming. We discuss the barriers to preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood and present the rationale for considering early-life events in this context. In so doing, we discuss proof-of-concept studies and cutting-edge technological developments that are likely to transform current thinking on the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. We also review the factors hampering progress, including the success and failures of pregnancy intervention trials.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are among the major health and economic burdens of our time. Defeating these diseases is likely to require life-course approaches, which may include aggressive interventions informed by biomarker profiling undertaken during early life.
Policies to Prevent Obesity and Promote Healthier Diets: A Critical Selective Review
Authors: Cawley John , Wen Katherine
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Obesity has risen dramatically in recent decades in the US and most other countries of the world. This has led to a search for public policies and other interventions that can prevent obesity and improve diets. However, there remain considerable uncertainty and confusion about the effectiveness of many potential policies.

CONTENT

This review assesses the strength of the research evidence for 4 commonly proposed policies to prevent obesity and improve diets: (a) taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); (b) calorie labels on restaurant menus; (c) restricting food advertising to youth; and (d) excluding energy-dense foods from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

The existing literature has many limitations. Often, the research designs are weak, with small nonrepresentative samples and only short-run follow-up. However, a number of studies are of sufficiently high quality to be informative, and on the basis of that evidence, there appears to be no magic bullet to prevent and reduce obesity. Thus, a suite of these policies may be needed for a meaningful impact.
Excavating The Lacuna: Barbara Kingsolver’s allegorical understanding of America’s post-9/11 world
Authors: Sheehan Clair A.
Published: October 2017

Following the violent attacks of September 11 2001, and before the dust had properly settled, popular author Barbara Kingsolver was, in effect, being ostracized for candidly voicing her first amendment right – freedom of speech. She spoke out forcefully in various periodicals in an attempt to check the rush towards war. By 2009 she stood ready to fictionalize her personal experience of ‘[b]ecoming a scapegoat for the American right-wing’, and figuratively link her ordeal to problematic government actions from her country’s complex political past. In doing this she stands out as one of the few American novelists who were prepared to critically examine the US political atmosphere during the first decade of the twenty-first century. Her complex allegorical novel, The Lacuna (2009), follows a historical political thread that is artfully woven into the very fabric of this metaphorical text. The Lacuna adeptly displays how the media can be employed to underpin political agendas, promote bias and surreptitiously provoke violence against those who step outside the margins of the existing status quo. This article examines these issues in order to discern connections between America’s violent past and the culture in conflict that has rapidly come into focus during the twenty-first century.
‘A warning in the shape of the novel’ – the relevance of lessons contained in F. Dostoyevsky’s The Possessed for twenty-first-century United States
Authors: Akroyd Olga
Published: October 2017

The Possessed (1872) by F. Dostoyevsky is a key text for comprehending the mechanisms behind the emergence and development of public disorder in an enclosed urban setting. Dubbed a ‘roman-preduprezhdenie’ or ‘a warning in the shape of a novel’ for the generations to come, it can easily be described as one of the author’s most political and complex works that retains specific relevance for the present-day world. This article attempts to collect and analyse several major lessons regarding the origins and development of urban violence and rioting to be gleaned from Dostoyevsky’s text, and apply them to the modern-day American case studies of social protesting and public unrest (namely, the Ferguson riots and the Occupy movement, 2011 onward). By doing so, I will draw a conclusion relevant for the modern leaders, scholars and thinkers preoccupied with the notions of urban rioting and violence.
‘Let’s see who’s being creative out there’: Lessons from the ‘Creative Citizens’ programme in Northern Ireland
Authors: Durrer Victoria
Published: October 2017

Policy critiques indicate that strategies aimed at fostering participation in publicly funded arts have focused too heavily on individuals’ capacity for engagement, rather than on the capacity of the sector to engage individuals. Programmes like ‘Creative People and Places’ (CPP) see this capacity as shared, community networks, ideas, infrastructure and skills. Through analysis of one local council’s Arts Development Service, specifically Mid and East Antrim Borough Council (MEABC) in Northern Ireland (NI), this article brings the role and position of local government work to light within this broader understanding of capacity as a community-wide phenomenon. Through focusing on the assumptions, operations and experiences regarding cultural participation held by MEABC’s arts staff, the article enhances the learning about community capacity more formally underway in the CPP projects and supports the notion that capacity building is a multi-directional process. In taking a new approach to programme delivery, the team’s assumptions and beliefs about cultural participation and infrastructure have been challenged. This change in perception has impacted the development of their practice to promote and develop arts and cultural participation in their locality. The study has implications for what more democratic practices of participation might mean to the strategic decision-making processes of local cultural policy development and governance. As a result, the article advocates for more and deeper consideration of local government as a key actor in the arts and cultural sector and cultural policy-making.
Reviews
Authors: Richardson Sarah Harvey , Weston Sarah , Francis David , Vaughan Lucy
Published: October 2017

Respectable: The Experience of Class, Lynsey Hanley (2016) London: Allen Lane, 240 pp., ISBN: 9781846142062, h/bk, £16.99

Review of Rediscovering the Radical Conference: The partnering of activism and performance

Review of International Teaching Artists’ Conference (ITAC), Edinburgh, 3–5 August 2016

ITAC 3 Best, Next and Radical, Edinburgh, 3–5 August 2016
Q for QUADRATE
Authors: Beaulieu Derek
Published: October 2017

‘Q’ erases all text from the Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of the letter ‘Q’, leaving only the eponymous letter, punctuation and numeric characters; a found latticework suggesting the potentiality of the remaining 25 letters.
W for WHEN THE WELSBACH BURNER WENT WEIRD AND WET
Authors: Kebapcioglu Ara
Published: October 2017

Gas lighting was born around the turn of the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries and was in general use indoors and outdoors until before WWII. Duchamp, in his early years, was impressed by the view of the Welsbach burner, a particular form of gas lighting device and included it in his installation Etant donnés...
X for XXX
Authors: Kaplan Josef
Published: October 2017

A ‘cover’ of Julio Cortázar’s short story Axolotl, in which the narrator’s obsession with salamanders is replaced by an obsession with Marcel Duchamp’s Étant donnés.
Z for ZUGZWANG
Authors: Bök Christian
Published: October 2017

‘Zugzwang’ depicts the gameplay for a chess match between the two robots Gandalf and Zugzwang – with each of their moves, sequentially represented on a grid (11 x 11), with no frames for the 121 chessboards, so that the match seems unbounded in scale, like a vast battlefield of chessmen. The word ‘zugzwang’ refers to a situation in which the obligation to make a move in chess results in a decisive disadvantage for the player — (an apt metaphor for the plight of the avant-garde artist).
D for DOOR
Authors: Taylor Michael R.
Published: October 2017

This essay explores the history, meaning and function of the weathered exterior door for Marcel Duchamp’s Étantdonnés: 1° la chute d’eau, 2° le gazd’éclairage.This door – which physically separates the viewer from the mysterious scene inside of a recumbent female nude holding aloft an old fashioned illuminated gas lamp against the backdrop of a lush hilly landscape – was actually part of a much larger farmhouse door leading that the artist found in 1965 in La Bisbal in northeastern Spain. Four years later the door was brought to the Philadelphia Museum of Art, where it was permanently installed in Gallery 1759 as part of Duchamp’s extraordinary tableau assemblage. Since 1969 countless visitors have looked through the door’s peepholes where they encounter the startling sight of a realistically constructed simulacrum of a life-sized nude woman lying on a bed of dead twigs and fallen leaves.
E for ÉTANT DONNÉS
Authors: Wall Jeff
Published: October 2017

Jeff Wall’s lecture on Marcel Duchamp’s great legacy Étant donnés presented at the First Annual Anne d’Harnoncourt Memorial Symposium, September 11, 2009, at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. For the first time published by Stefan Banz in 2013 with KMD–Kunsthalle Marcel Duchamp | The Forestay Museum of Art, Cully, Switzerland, and VerlagfürmoderneKunst, Nuremberg, Germany (today Vienna, Austria).
F for FORESTAY WATERFALL
Authors: Banz Stefan
Published: October 2017

In Summer 1946, Marcel Duchamp spent five weeks in Switzerland, including five days at the Hotel Bellevue (today, Le Baron Tavernier) near Chexbres, on Lake Geneva. There he discovered the Forestay waterfall. No research was ever done as to why the artist chose this waterfall and not another to become the starting point for and ultimately the landscape of his famous final masterpiece, Étantdonnés: 1° la chute d’eau, 2° le gazd’éclairage (Given: 1. The Waterfall, 2. The Illuminating Gas) until Stefan Banz started a extensive research about this topic in 2007. This article brings light onto one of the most illuminated footnotes in Duchamp research and in the art of the twentieth Century.
I for IKEA
Authors: Chollet Sandra
Published: October 2017

Architect Chollet created a 3D model of Etantdonnes based on Marcel Duchamp’s Manual and offers a guide to construct the installation just like with an IKEA pamphlet.
J for JUST MARIA
Authors: Napoles Fernan
Published: October 2017

Napoles created a 3D model of the figure in Etantdonnes based on various pictures taken by Duchamp and after and precise measurements by Melissa Meighan quoted in Michael Taylor’s Etantdonnes.
K for KAVAN
Authors: Zultanski Steven
Published: October 2017

Though wildly different in medium and subject, Anna Kavan’s novelWho Are You? andMarcel Duchamp’s sculptureÉtantdonnés are both frequently interpreted through the reticence of their respective authors: the artists’ insistence on their privacy is seemingly inherent to the work. Through a reading of Kavan’s novel (and bookended by a discussion of Duchamp), this article examines a few ways that privacy functions as an aesthetic material and offers a tentative politics of privacy: as a refusal ofownership, as a means of turning oppression into an object to be analyzed, and as a connective tissue—a means of world-building.
De la démocratie. Questions de concepts et de méthode
Authors: Contogeorgis Georges
Published: October 2017

Por ignorância, mas também partindo de uma perspetiva profundamente oligárquica, a modernidade procurou desde o início classificar o seu sistema político entre as democracias, afirmando ter realizado um milagre: que a monarquia simplesmente eletiva seja ao mesmo tempo um sistema representativo e democrático, apesar de não ser nem uma coisa nem outra e que, em todo o caso, estes dois sistemas são incompatíveis entre si. Na democracia, o sistema político pertence à sociedade dos cidadãos, que passa a ser deste modo uma instituição constitutiva da politeia, um demos. Ao mesmo tempo, a sociedade dos cidadãos possui toda a competência política, governa-se a si própria. Nos antípodas, actualmente, o sistema político é detido pelo Estado em geral, incluindo a soberania política. Na democracia, a sociedade é um demos; hoje ela é apenas uma característica (extra-politeia).
3D: Ditadura, Democracia e Diplomacia
Authors: De Matos Vera Margarida Coimbra
Published: October 2017

Nos anos 60 e até ao período de transição democrática em Portugal (1974-1976), as relações diplomáticas entre Roma e Lisboa foram utilizadas pelos partidos italianos como arma de ataque político. Durante o Estado Novo, o Partido Comunista Italiano (PCI) e o Partido Socialista Italiano (PSI) usam-nas para atacar o Partido da Democracia-cristã (PDC), líder das sucessivas alianças governativas de centro-esquerda formadas, desde 1963, entre os partidos do centro e os socialistas. O objetivo era aprofundar a abertura à esquerda. Durante a transição democrática, a possibilidade de o PCI entrar no Governo devido à sua base eleitoral leva o PDC e o PSI a utilizar a radicalização de esquerda da revolução portuguesa para enfraquecer a popularidade dos comunistas, acusando-os de quererem instalar em Itália um regime ditatorial estalinista, tal como o Partido Comunista Português, com o qual mantinham estreitas ligações, fazia em Portugal. Simultaneamente, o PCI recorria aos acontecimentos portugueses para pressionar a Democracia-cristã a aceitar uma aliança governativa com os comunistas, chamada compromisso histórico.
[Recensão a] ALLIÈS, Paul – Le rêve d’autre chose. Changer la République ou changer de République. Paris: D. Quixote, 2017. 397 p. ISBN 978- 989-708-850-6.
Authors: Neto Sérgio
Published: October 2017

Recensões Críticas
Right Now
Authors: De Sá Alexandre Franco
Published: October 2017

Longe de, como habitualmente, reduzir o populismo a uma patologia das democracias liberais contemporâneas , o presente texto procura pensar este mesmo populismo como algo essencialmente ligado ao modo como tais democracias, na sua temporalidade peculiar, se relacionam com o seu passado e o seu futuro. O populismo aparece aqui, nesta perspetiva, como o resultado de um processo em que, nas democracias contemporâneas, emerge um discurso político que traduz um “pensamento único” baseado na ideia de que não há alternativas; que alude à substituição de governos políticos por governos técnicos, reforçando a noção de que as escolhas não são decisões, mas meros resultados automáticos e inevitáveis das circunstâncias; que evoca o consenso e o aniquilamento das distinções políticas alternativas entre esquerda e direita; e que herda a noção, própria do final do século XX, de que as sociedades ocidentais chegaram a um “fim da história” ao encerrar a era das “grandes narrativas”.
Património Mundial
Authors: De Campos Joana Capela , Martinho Vitor
Published: October 2017

A Convenção do Património Mundial (1972) é considerada como um dos mais bem-sucedidos instrumentos políticos das histórias, e alguns textos sugerem que o Património Mundial, em si mesmo, tem capacidade para ser um modelo de democratização do património. O propósito deste artigo é verificar essa pretensão, através do seu discurso oficial. Para tal, recorre-se ao que está estabelecido nos seus textos, que acompanham e estabelecem o caráter evolutivo do discurso, pelas dinâmicas geradas pelos resultados da Lista do Património Mundial. Assim, traça-se o perfil evolutivo da sua filosofia concetual e política, presente nas Operational Guidelines. Para além da construção do próprio discurso, refletindo as avaliações sobre os resultados da Lista, também é possível verificar as inf luências dos debates e práticas que foram realizados sobre o tema.
Religiosidad y rituales hispanos en América ante los desastres (siglos XVI-XVII): las procesiones
Authors: Petit-Breuilh Sepúlveda María Eugenia
Published: November 2017

En esta investigación se analiza el efecto que tuvieron los desastres en los rituales y ceremonias de los hispanos en América durante los siglos XVI y XVII con el objetivo de buscar modelos de comportamiento. Este estudio se abordó en el largo período para poder percibir cambios y permanencias en las conductas de la población utilizando las descripciones de estas prácticas documentadas especialmente por sus protagonistas, por este motivo se revisaron fuentes de varios archivos y bibliotecas especializadas realizando un análisis crítico de los datos obtenidos. Sin duda, las reacciones religiosas se manifestaron tras los desastres como una forma de responder a la mentalidad providencialista de la época y las procesiones sirvieron como columna vertebradora de otros rituales que se hacían en el mismo sentido: aplacar la “ira de Dios” por los pecados cometidos.
Fiebres tercianas, sequías y lluvias torrenciales en el Alicante del Setecientos
Authors: Bueno Vergara Eduardo
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo tiene por objeto de estudio las epidemias de fiebres tercianas que se produjeron durante el siglo XVIII en la ciudad de Alicante, desde dos enfoques diferentes. Por un lado, se aborda la relación existente entre condiciones atmosféricas y la aparición de la enfermedad, planteando que un incremento previo de la pluviosidad pudo favorecer la mayor extensión de los brotes palúdicos durante el verano. Por otro lado, realizamos una aproximación a las políticas municipales desarrolladas tanto para prevenir los contagios como para, una vez ya habían aparecido, minimizar su impacto.
O efeito da variabilidade do tempo de viagem no modal aéreo
Authors: Weber Fernanda David , Senna Luiz Afonso Dos Santos , Uriarte Ana Margarida Larrañaga , Ten Caten Carla Schwengber
Published: October 2017

A análise da variabilidade do tempo de viagem está ganhando interesse entre os pes­quisadores e planejadores. Este trabalho avalia o comportamento dos usuários do transporte aéreo diante da presença da variabilidade de tempo de viagem. Especifica­mente, determina o comportamento dos usuários do transporte aéreo em relação a esta variabilidade, propensos, neutros ou avessos; identifica e caracteriza esta variabi­lidade na escolha do voo e compara o impacto das diferentes características envolvi­das. Dados de preferência declarada foram coletados e modelos de escolha discreta estimados para modelar o comportamento dos usuários. Os resultados obtidos mos­traram que os usuários do transporte aéreo são avessos à variabilidade do tempo de viagem. A comparação entre os impactos das variáveis mostrou que valorizam princi­palmente o custo da passagem na escolha do voo, seguido da existência de uma escala no deslocamento entre origem e destino, e por último o tempo e variabilidade do tempo de viagem.
Metodologia multicritério para classificar as empresas de transporte rodoviário interestadual semiurbano de passageiros por nível de serviço
Authors: Costa Paulo Henrique da Silva , Granemann Sergio Ronaldo
Published: October 2017

O serviço de transporte rodoviário interestadual semiurbano de passageiros entre o Distrito Federal e os Municípios do Entorno transporta diariamente milhares de usuários. Para funcionar a contento, o nível de serviço oferecido pelo operador precisa trazer satisfação aos atores envolvidos: usuários e órgãos gestores e fiscalizadores. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo a construção de um modelo de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços prestados pelas empresas para classificá-las por nível de serviço. O trabalho foi desenvolvido basicamente em duas etapas: construção do modelo de avaliação com a utilização da Metodologia Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão – Construtivista (MCDA-C); e verificação da aplicabilidade do modelo. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso com a aplicação de formulários junto aos usuários. Os resultados mostraram-se consistentes e indicaram que a metodologia pode ser utilizada para classificar as empresas que operam o serviço de transporte interestadual semiurbano de passageiros do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios de seu entorno.
Análise socioeconômica de alternativas para o transporte ferroviário de passageiros em uma rede regional
Authors: Isler Cassiano Augusto , Widmer João Alexandre
Published: October 2017

Apesar da divulgação de estudos recentes sobre o transporte ferroviário de passagei-ros no Brasil, não existe na literatura uma comparação entre tecnologias para oferta desses serviços. Ao considerar uma hierarquia de serviços ferroviários, este artigo tem o objetivo de comparar a operação exclusiva de trens com velocidade média de 150 km/h (HPT) e 300 km/h (HST) em uma rede hipotética na Região Sudeste do país. Pelos resultados de uma Análise Custo-Benefício, os valores de investimentos estimados para construção da rede de HST são 5,36% superiores à de HPT. No âmbi-to estritamente econômico, sob diferentes cenários, nenhuma das tecnologias é viável de ser operada sem subsídio. Do ponto de vista socioeconômico, os benefícios sociais superam os custos econômicos na rede de HPT e HST quando as tarifas são, respectivamente, de R$0,40/km e R$0,75/km, ultrapassando o valor de 1,50 para a Relação Benefício-Custo somente pela operação de HST em cenários específicos.
Benchmarking com foco na satisfação dos usuários do transporte coletivo por ônibus
Authors: Barcelos Mariana Müller , Lindau Luis Antonio , Da Costa Maria Beatriz Berti , Ten Caten Carla Schwengber , Da Silva Cristina Albuquerque Moreira , Pereira Brenda Medeiros
Published: October 2017

Investir na qualidade do transporte coletivo é fundamental para fidelizar e atrair usuários e fomentar cidades mais sustentáveis. O benchmarking é uma ferramenta adequada para identificar melhores práticas e promover troca de experiências focadas na melhoria dos sistemas de transportes. No entanto, o benchmarking com foco na satisfação dos clientes impõe desafios devido à falta de padronização na coleta de dados e aos vieses socioculturais inerentes a pesquisas de opinião. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise de benchmarking a partir de dados de satisfação, coletados através de uma pesquisa padronizada. Propõe-se uma normalização das notas de satisfação que: (i) reduz o efeito dos vieses socioculturais, (ii) possibilita a comparação de sistemas de ônibus que operam em distintas cidades brasileiras, e (iii) proporciona a identificação de potenciais benchmarks. O método proposto revelou-se adequado na identificação de metas, prioridades e atributos de sistemas de transporte coletivo por ônibus que podem servir de referência para outras cidades.
Estimação da matriz origem-destino e da distribuição espacial da lotação em um sistema de transporte sobre trilhos a partir de dados de bilhetagem eletrônica
Authors: Arbex Renato Oliveira , Da Cunha Claudio Barbieri
Published: October 2017

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma análise para estimar a lotação por trechos entre estações de um sistema metroferroviário, ao longo do dia, utilizando dados de bilhetagem eletrônica. É proposta uma adaptação da metodologia baseada no encadeamento de embarques no sistema de transportes, que infere o destino dos usuários, uma vez que não há bilhetagem nas estações de destino. Isso permitiu obter, de maneira rápida e eficiente, sem pesquisas de campo custosas, uma estimativa da matriz de origem-destino no sistema de transporte de passageiros sobre trilhos da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). A metodologia proposta também possibilitou obter o padrão espaço-temporal dos níveis de lotação para todas as linhas e sentidos da rede, assim como os volumes de transferências nas estações através da alocação da matriz ao longo de todo o período de operação e não apenas para os horários de pico, como usualmente feito a partir de pesquisas de campo com base em entrevistas com usuários.
PENGNARUH SENSITIVITAS PARAMETER OPERASI TERHADAP TERJADINYA REAKSI RUNAWAY PADA OKSIDASI METANOL MENJADI FORMALDEHID
Authors: Buchori Luqman , Suherman Suherman
Published: November 2017

Formaldehida sebagai senyawa aldehida memiliki keistimewaan yaitu dapat bereaksi dengan hampir semua senyawa organik maupun anorganik sehingga formaldehida amat luas penggunaannya dalam industri yang ada. Reaksi oksidasi metanol menjadi formaldehida banyak dilakukan dalam reaktor anggun tetap. Dalam pengoperasiannya, di dalam reaktor ini sering dijumpai adanya fenomena yang  sangat  komplikatif dan mengganggu jalannya operasi yaitu distribusi aliran tidak merata (flow maldistribution) dan panas terlokalisir (hot spot). Kedua fenomena ini  sangat berbahaya karena dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya reaksi "runaway", yakni terjadinya kenaikan temperatur dan tekanan  reaktor yang sangat hebat secara mendadak. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi temperatur sepanjang reaktor unggun tetap akibat pengaruh variabel operasi serta mempelajari pengaruh sensitivitas parameter operasi tehadap terjadinya reaksi runaway. Penelitian dilakukan dengan percobaan pengamatan distribusi tempeatur pusat reaktor secara aksial dan pemodelan untuk mengetahui kapan terjadinya reaksi runaway. berdasarkan hasil percobaan, pada temperatur umpan mendekati temperatur reaksi, semakin besar laju alir massa umpan total maka suhu yang teramati semakin besar pula. Demikian pula pada pengaruh umpan, semakin besar tempperatur umpan maka temperatur keluaran reaktor juga semakin besar. Hasil penyepakatan secara umum menunjukkan pendekatan yang bagus dengan hasil eksperimen. Reaksi runaway terjadi pada hasil simulasi dimana parameter operasi yang berpengaruh adalah fraksi metanol. dalam penelitian ini direkomendasikan bahwa fraksi methanol dalam umpan tidak boleh lebih dari 0,1.
HIDROKONVERSI KATALITIK RESIDU MINYAK BUMI: PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI
Authors: Hartiniati Hartiniati
Published: November 2017

Uji terhadap proses hidro-konversi katalitik residu petroleum dari unit refinery Plaju, Palembang dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor-batch berpengaduk (autoclave) 1 liter pada kondisi standar: tekanan awal hidrogen 12 MPa dan rasio sulfur terhadap besi = 2.0. Studi dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh perubahan temperatur dari 430, 450, dan 470oC serta waktu reaksi 30, 60, 90 menit terhadap distribusi produk dan jumlah konsumsi hidrogen. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa produk minyak, CO, CO2 dan hidrokarbon naik secara signifikan dengan naiknya temperatur dan waktu reaksi, namun sebaliknya produk cair bawah (liquid bottom) cenderung turun. Pada kajian ini juga ditemukan bahwa konsumsi hidrogen naik dengan bertambahnya produk minyak, sehingga penggunaan hidrogen lebih efisien. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa proses hidro-konversi katalitik dapat diterapkan pada residue petroleum untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah/kualitasnya.
VAN DER WAALS MIXING RULES FOR THE REDLICH-KWONG EQUATION OF STATE. APPLICATION FOR SUPERCRITICAL SOLUBILITY MODELING
Authors: Ratnawati Ratnawati
Published: November 2017

A solid-supercritical fluid system is highly asymmetric in terms of the size and energy differences of the components. The key point in extending a cubic equation of state to such system is on the choice of proper mixing rules. New mixing rules for the Redlich-Kwong equation of state are developed. The developement is based on the statistical-mechanical theory of the van der Waals mixing rules. The Redlich Kwong equation of state with the proposed mixing rules along with the original ones is used to predict solubilities of solids in supercritical fluid. The prediction is done with kij equal zero, as well as with optimized kij.  The results show superiority of the proposed mixing rules over the original ones. For most of the systems considered, the proposed mixing rules with the kij equal zero are closer to the experimental data than the original ones do. For 28 systems with 521 data points taken from various sources, the original and the proposed mixing rules give the overall AAD of 13.4%, while the original mixing rules give 45.9%.
Optimasi Pembuatan Kitosan Dari Kitin Limbah Cangkang Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) Untuk Adsorben Ion Logam Merkuri
Authors: Rahayu L. H. , Purnavita S.
Published: November 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenentukan kondisi optimum  factor suhu dan waktu proses deatilasi dari khitin cangkang rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) menjadi khitosan dan mengetahui pengaruh pH adsorpsi dari kitosan terhadap penurunan jumlah ion merkuri (%). Proses deasetilasi dilakukan dengan memanaskan campuran khitin dengan larutan NaOH 50% (rasio 1:20 b/v) pada suhu 70 0C, 80 0C, 90 0C dan 100 0C dengan waktu proses masing-masing 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit. Parameter respon adalah derajad deasetilasi khitosan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa derajad deasetilasi khitosan tertinggi adalah 79,65% yang dihasilkan pada suhu 90 0C dan waktu proses 120 menit. Khitosan selanjutnya diuji kemampuan adsorpsinya terhadap ion merkuri pada pH 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6. Hasil uji aplikasi khitosan sebagai adsorben ion logam merkuri menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi pH adsorpsi semakin besar penurunan jumlah ion merkuri (%), dimana hubungan keduanya ditunjukkan dengan persamaan y = 7,50x + 26,11.Kata kunci : adsorpsi, cangkang rajungan, deasetilasi, litin, khitosan
RECOVERY PERAK DARI LIMBAH FOTOGRAFI MELALUI MEMBRAN CAIR BERPENDUKUNG DENGAN SENYAWA PEMBAWA ASAM DI-2-ETIL HEKSILFOSFAT (D2EHPA)
Authors: Djunaidi M.C. , Widodo D.S. , Anwar S.
Published: November 2017

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang recovery perak dari limbah cuci cetak dengan metode membran cair berpendukung (SLM). Sebagai membran pendukung digunakan PTFE yang direndam selama 2 jam dalam senyawa pembawa D2EHPA 1 M dengan pelarut kerosen dan dilakukan pengadukan selama 6 jam. Untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum dalam recovery perak dilakukan variasi pH larutan umpan 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4, larutan penerima HCl; HCl-EDTA; HNO3; HNO3-EDTA; H3PO4; H3PO4-EDTA serta konsentrasi larutan limbah pemekatan ½ kali; pengenceran 0 kali; pengenceran 10 kali. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh % transpor perak dari limbah fotografi dengan variasi pH larutan umpan memberikan % transpor perak optimum pada pH 2,5 yaitu 96,44% dengan larutan penerima HCl, sedangkan untuk % transpor perak pada fasa penerima dengan variasi larutan penerima memberikan hasil optimum pada larutan penerima (HCl-EDTA) yaitu 63,85% dan untuk variasi konsentrasi larutan umpan memberikan hasil optimum pada pengenceran 10 kali. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi optimum untuk proses recovery perak dari limbah fotografi yaitu pH larutan umpan 2,5 dengan larutan penerima HCl. Sedangkan pada variasi larutan penerima diperoleh hasil optimum pada larutan penerima EDTA-HCl dan pada variasi konsentrasi limbah fotografi, konsentrasi paling encer memberikan hasil optimum dalam proses recovery perak dari limbah fotografi.
PEMUTIHAN ENCENG GONDOK MENGGUNAKAN H2O2 DENGAN KATALISATOR NATRIUM BIKARBONAT
Authors: Retnowati Diah Susetyo
Published: November 2017

Batang enceng gondok (Eichornia crasipess) dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku kerajinan seperti tas, atau digunakan sebagai pengganti rotan dalam industri mebel.Untuk mendapatkan warna yang lebih cerah, umumnya batang  enceng gondok kering yang berwarna coklat diputihkan  dengan perendaman dalam larutan yang mengandung oksidator. Pada penelitian ini, oksidator yang dipakai adalah hidrogen peroksida, suatu oksidator yang lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan dengan oksidator lainnya. Oksidator ini dilarutkan dalam pelarut yang berupa campuran etanol-air. Untuk lebih mempercepat proses pemutihan, juga ditambahkan katalisator NaHCO3 yang dapat bereaksi dengan hidrogen peroksida membentuk peroksidamonokarbonat yang lebih reaktif. Hasil enceng gondok yang putih dan cerah, serta mempunyai kuat tarik cukup tinggi, diperoleh  pada proses pemutihan selama 3 jam dalam larutan etanol-air dengan perbandingan volume 0,36 yang mengandung H2O2 dan NaHCO3 dengan konsentrasi 4 % berat dan 1,95 g/L.
EKSTRAKSI KONTINYU DENGAN SIMULASI BATCH TIGA TAHAP ALIRAN LAWAN ARAH: PENGAMBILAN MINYAK BIJI ALPUKAT MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT N-HEXANE DAN ISO PROPIL ALKOHOL
Authors: Pramudono Bambang , Ardi Widioko Septian , Rustyawan Wawan
Published: November 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji rendemen dan selektivitas dari ekstraksi biji alpukat dengan pelarut n-hexane dan isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan sistem kontinyu simulasi batch bertahap tiga aliran lawan arah pada temperatur 82 oC (untuk pelarut n- hexane) dan 69 oC (untuk pelarut IPA), selama 2 jam dengan perbandingan bahan dan pelarut sebesar 20 gr/250 gr. Rendemen yang diperoleh pada penggunaan n-hexane dan IPA sebesar 18,69 % dan 17,87 %. Kedua minyak yang dihasilkan baik dari penggunaan n-hexane maupun IPA memenuhi spesifikasi minyak biji alpukat. Dari besarnya rendemen yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa secara kuantitatif  pelarut n-hexane lebih baik daripada IPA, tetapi dari segi kualitatif (kandungan impuritas) pelarut IPA lebih baik daripada n-hexane.
SINTESIS TURUNAN POLIEUGENOL SEBAGAI CARRIER BAGI RECOVERY LOGAM BERAT DENGAN TEKNIK MEMBRAN CAIR
Authors: Djunaidi M. Cholid , Lusiana Retno A. , Wibawa Pratama J. , Siswanta Dwi , Jumina Jumina
Published: November 2017

Telah dilakukan sintesis senyawa asam poliuegenoksi asetat dan polieugenoksi asetil piridil karbinolat (suatu turunan polieugenoksi asetat dengan gugus aktif N) dari eugenol. Hasil sintesis digunakan sebagai ekstraktan logam berat dengan metode transport membran cair. Analisis struktur polimer yang terbentuk dilakukan dengan spektrometer infra merah, 1H NMR, KLT, dan uji kelarutan. Penentuan berat molekul relatif polimer menggunakan metode viscometer Ubbelohde. Transport logam dilakukan dengan Membran Cair Ruah (BLM) menggunakan sel gelas tipe U terhadap campuran logam Cu (II), Fe (III), Ni (II), Cd (II), Zn (II), dan Cr (III) kesemuanya dalam bentuk garam klorida. Transport dilakukan pada fasa umpan dan penerima HCl, konsentrasi logam masing-masing 50 ppm. Penentuan konsentrasi ion logam di fasa penerima sebelum dan sesudah transport dilakukan dengan spectrofotometer serapan atom, sedangkan perubahan pH yang menyertai diukur dengan pH meter. Hasil sintesis polieugenoksi asetat dan polieugenoksi asetil piridil karbinolat berupa serbuk amorf berwarna merah bata sampai coklat tua, dengan berat molekul 5.980.854 gram/mol dan 5.602.282 gram/mol. Hasil transport terhadap campuran logam menunjukkan polieugenoksi asetat dan polieugenoksi asetil piridil karbinolat dengan gugus N hasil sintesis mampu mentransferkan  campuran logam ke fasa penerima dengan urutan logam hard  (Cr (III) dan Fe (III)) > logam borderline (Ni (II), Zn (II) dan Cu (II)), logam soft Cd (II).
KARAKTERISTIK DAN PENDEKATAN KINETIKA GLOBAL PADA PIROLISIS LAMBAT SAMPAH KOTA TERSELEKSI
Authors: Himawanto Dwi Aries , Indarto Indarto , Saptoadi Harwin , Rohmat Tri Agung
Published: November 2017

CHARACTERISTICS AND GLOBAL KINETIC APPROACH ON THE SLOW PYROLYSIS OF SELECTED MUNICIPAL WASTE. Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) has a great potential as a clean renewable feedstock for producing modern energy carriers through thermochemical conversion processes called pyrolysis. However, despite their enormous potential as energy sources, their thermal characteristics are still not well known. In the present study, the pyrolysis characteristics and pyrolysis kinetics of MSW single components (i.e bamboo wastes, banana leaves wastes, wrapping wastes, and styrofoam wastes) and their mixture were investigated. The 20 grams sample were heated in a furnace under nitrogen environment from ambient temperature to 400°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min and held for 30 min. The results of the research showed that bamboo wastes and banana leaves wastes could be catogorized as low stability organics, while wrapping wastes could be catagorized as polymer mixture materials, while styrofoam wastes could be catagorized as plastic materials. The research also revealed that the global kinetic method  could be used to predict the MSW single component activation energy. Sampah kota mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi sumber energi alternatif terbarukan melalui proses pirolisis. Namun demikian, pemahaman mengenai karakteristik termal proses pirolisis dari sampah kota masih belum banyak diketahui. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan analisa thermogravimetry dari komponen-komponen tunggal sampah kota yang meliputi sampah bambu, sampah daun, sampah bahan pengemas, dan sampah styrofoam maupun campuran antara komponen-komponen tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik pirolisis komponen-komponen yang diteliti, meliputi profil proses devolatilisasi dan energi kinetik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menempatkan sampel seberat 20 gram dalam sebuah tungku dan menaikkan temperatur tungku dengan laju pemanasan 10°C/min. Temperatur akhir sampel dipertahankan pada 400°C  selama 30 menit. Untuk menjamin terjadinya proses pirolisis, maka dialirkan nitrogen dengan laju 100 ml/menit ke dalam reaktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampah bambu dan sampah daun pisang dapat dikategorikan kedalam bahan organik dengan kestabila rendah. Sampah bahan pengemas cenderung masuk dalam katagori bahan campuran polimer, sedangkan sampah styrofoam dapat dikategorikan ke dalam material plastik. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa metode kinetika global dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi nilai energi aktivasi dari komponen tunggal sampah kota.
DYNAMIC SIMULATION AND COMPOSITION CONTROL IN A 10 L MIXING TANK
Authors: Hermawan Yulius Deddy , Haryono Gogot
Published: November 2017

The open loop experiment of composition dynamic in a 10 L mixing tank has been successfully done inlaboratory. A 10 L tank was designed for mixing of water (as a stream-1) and salt solution (as astream-2 with salt concentration, c2 constant). An electric stirrer was employed to obtain uniformcomposition in tank. In order to keep the liquid volume constant, the system was designed overflow. Inthis work, 2 composition control configurations have been proposed; they are Alternative-1 andAlternative-2. For Alternative-1, the volumetric-rate of stream-1 was chosen as a manipulatedvariable, while the volumetric-rate of stream-2 was chosen as a manipulated variable for Alternative-2. The composition control parameters for both alternatives have been tuned experimentally. Thevolumetric-rate of manipulated variable was changed based on step function. The outlet stream’scomposition response (c3) to a change in the input volumetric-rate has been investigated. Thisexperiment gave Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control parameters. The gain controllers Kc[cm6/(gr.sec)] for Alternative-1 and Alternative-2 are -34200 and 40459 respectively. Integral timeconstant ( tI) and Derivative time constant (tD) for both alternatives are the same, i.e. tI = 16 second,and tD = 4 second. Furthermore, closed loop dynamic simulation using computer programming wasalso done to evaluate the resulted tuning parameters. The developed mathematical model ofcomposition control system in a mixing tank was solved numerically. Such mathematical model wasrigorously examined in Scilab software environment. The results showed that closed loop responses inPID control were faster than those in P and PI controls.
A Process for Error Correction for Strength and Conditioning Coaches
Authors: Cushion Emily , Howe Louis , Read Paul , Spence Adam
Published: November 2017

THERE ARE SEVERAL SKILL ACQUISITION STRATEGIES AVAILABLE TO COACHES WHEN CORRECTING A MOVEMENT ERROR. HOWEVER, IT IS NOT ALWAYS CLEAR WHICH STRATEGIES SHOULD BE USED FOR A SITUATION AND IN WHAT ORDER. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO PROVIDE COACHES WITH A LOGICAL EVIDENCE-BASED PROCESS TO ASSIST THEIR COACHING PRACTICE. IN ADDITION TO A PROPOSED MODEL OF ERROR CORRECTION, EXAMPLES ARE PROVIDED FOR SEVERAL COMMONLY OCCURRING SITUATIONS IN STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PRACTICE.