bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le CESE se prononce pour un droit à une sédation expressément létale
Authors: Bourdaire-Mignot Camille , Gründler Tatiana
Published: May 2018

Alors que les états généraux de la bioéthique sont en cours, dans l’avis qu’il a rendu public le 10 avril dernier « Fin de vie : la France à l’heure des choix », le Conseil économique, social et environnemental propose de légiférer de nouveau sur ce sujet pour reconnaître un droit – strictement encadré – à une sédation expressément létale.
The Forensic Accounting in Sri Lanka “Perception of Professional Accountants”
Authors: Rathnasiri U.A.H.A. , Bandara R.M.S.
Published: May 2018

The forensic accounting has been molded and shaped by many aspects including the economy, society, legislation and corporate failures arose all over the world time to time. Over the last few years, investigations on financial crimes and corruptions were given an immense attention in Sri Lanka. The current study investigates the perceived opinions of accounting professionals on important skills need to be developed by a forensic accountant, factors that help to develop forensic accounting practice and understanding the different roles of auditor and forensic accountant. Structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 30 professional accountants representing 20 in public practice and 10 in business and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the findings. The study revealed that the professional accountants are on the view that possess with multidisciplinary skills is paramount importance to perform as a forensic accountant. Further it was noted that the awareness on the different roles of auditor and forensic accountant is at the average level among the professionals and they are on the opinion that the government should play a vital role by providing statutory empowerment to uplift the discipline of forensic accounting in Sri Lanka.
The genusXanthogrammaSchiner, 1861 (Diptera: Syrphidae) in southeastern Europe, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Nedeljković Zorica , Ricarte Antonio , Šašić Zorić Ljiljana , Đan Mihajla , Obreht Vidaković Dragana , Vujić Ante
Published: May 2018

Examination of 122 specimens ofXanthogrammaSchiner, 1861 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from varied localities in Europe (+Turkey) resulted in the description of two new species (X. aeginaeRicarte, Nedeljković, and Vujićnew speciesandX. pilosumNedeljković, Ricarte, and Vujićnew species), as well as new data on six other species. Most of the examined material originated from the Balkan Peninsula and Greek islands. New species concepts were supported by morphological and molecular evidence. Relationships among the eight studied species were analysed and discussed based on the data of nuclear (ITS2) and mitochondrial (COI) genes sequences. An identification key to the European species ofXanthogrammais provided. Lectotypes are designated forDoros decoratumZetterstedt, 1843,Lasiophthicus novusRondani, 1857,Syrphus laetusFabricius, 1794,Syrphus ornatusMeigen, 1822, andXanthogramma nobilitatumFrey, 1946.
Servant leadership: An urgent style for the current political leadership in South Africa
Authors: Kgatle Mookgo S.
Published: May 2018

The aspects of the political leadership in South Africa discussed in this article include, among others, abuse of power, corruption and lack of public accountability. In response to these aspects, the article demonstrates that servant leadership is an urgent style for the current state of political leadership in South Africa. The article discusses key aspects of the current political leadership in South Africa as a point of departure. The article also discusses the theological foundation and key principles of servant leadership in order to apply them to the current state of political leadership in South AfricaIntradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Servant leadership principles as outlined from a theological point of view are applied to the aspects of political leadership in South Africa.
Field evaluation of the biolarvicide, spinosad 20 per cent emulsifiable concentrate in comparison to its 12 per cent suspension concentrate formulation against Culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of bancroftian filariasis in India
Authors: Sadanandane Candasamy , Gunasekaran Kasinathan , Boopathi Doss Ponnusamy Sivagnana , Jambulingam Purushothaman
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:

Biolarvicides may offer alternatives to chemical larvicides as these are known to be safe to environment and selective against the target species. However, only a limited number of biolarvicides have been approved for mosquito larval control. In the current study, a new formulation of spinosad, 20 per cent emulsifiable concentrate (EC) was tested for its efficacy against Culex quinquefasciatus, in comparison to its 12 per cent suspension concentrate (SC).

Methods:

Spinosad 20 per cent EC was tested against Cx. quinquefasciatus immature at 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg active ingredient (ai)/m[2] in cesspits, drains and abandoned wells in comparison with spinosad 12 per cent SC at the optimum field application dosage of 50 mg ai/m[2].

Results:

The 20 per cent EC caused 90-100 per cent reduction of pupal density for 7-14 days in cesspits, 10-17 days in drains and 14-30 days in abandoned wells at all dosages tested. At lower dosages of 25 and 50 mg ai/m[2], >90 per cent reduction of pupal density was observed for one week in cesspits and street drains and for two weeks in abandoned wells. The effective duration of control provided by the higher dosages, 100 and 150 mg ai/m[2] was 1.4 to 2 times greater than the lower dosages, 25 and 50 mg ai/m[2].

Interpretation & conclusions:

The findings showed that the spinosad 20 per cent EC can be used for larval control against Cx. quinquefasciatus, at the dosage of 25 mg ai/m[2] at weekly interval in cesspits and drains and at fortnightly interval in abandoned wells. Spinosad 20 per cent EC could be one of the options to be considered for larval control under integrated vector management.
Antimicrobial resistance in beta-haemolytic streptococci in India
Authors: Bhardwaj Nidhi , Mathur Purva , Behera Bijayini , Mathur Kushal , Kapil Arti , Misra Mahesh C.
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:

The incidence and severity of invasive and non-invasive infections demonstrate variability over time. The emerging resistance of Group A streptococci (GAS) to commonly used antibiotics is of grave concern. This study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial resistance of beta-haemolytic streptococci (βHS) in India and to ascertain the molecular mechanisms of resistance.

Methods:

All isolates of βHS from the Trauma Centre of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) (north India), and heavily populated area of old Delhi from 2010 to 2014 and Yashoda Hospital, Secunderabad (in south India, 2010-2012) and preserved isolates of βHS at AIIMS (2005-2009) were included. Phenotypic confirmation was done using conventional methods and the Vitek 2. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done by disc diffusion and E-test. Detection of resistance genes, erm(A), erm(B), mef(A), tet(M) and tet(O), was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results:

A total of 296 isolates of βHS (240 from north and 21 from south India) were included in the study. Of the 296 βHS, 220 (74%) were GAS, 52 (17.5%) were Group G streptococci and 11 (3.7%), 10 (3.3%) and three (1%) were Group B streptococci, Group C streptococci and Group F streptococci, respectively. A total of 102 (46%) and 174 (79%) isolates were resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin, respectively; a lower resistance to ciprofloxacin (21, 9.5%) was observed. A total of 42 (14%) and 30 (10%) isolates, respectively, were positive for tet(M) and erm(B) genes. Only 13 (5%) isolates were positive for mef(A). None of the isolates were positive for erm(A) and tet(O). There was discordance between the results of E-test and PCR for erythromycin and tetracycline.

Interpretation & conclusions:

A high level of resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline was seen in βHS in India. Discordance between genotypic and phenotypic results was reported. Absence of erm(A) and tet(O) with high prevalence of tet(M) and erm(B) was observed.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Authors: Kumar Surinder
Published: May 2018

Lower respiratory tract infections are considered a common cause responsible for morbidity and mortality among children, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae is identified to be responsible for up to 40 per cent of community-acquired pneumonia in children greater than five years of age. Extrapulmonary manifestations have been reported either due to spread of infection or autoimmune mechanisms. Infection by M. pneumoniae has high incidence and clinical importance but is still an underrated disease. Most widely used serologic methods are enzyme immunoassays for detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG and IgA antibodies to M. pneumoniae, though other methods such as particle agglutination assays and immunofluorescence methods are also used. Detection of M. pneumoniae by nucleic acid amplification techniques provides fast, sensitive and specific results. Utilization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has improved the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infections. Besides PCR, other alternative amplification techniques include (i) nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, (ii) Qβ replicase amplification, (iii) strand displacement amplification, (iv) transcription-mediated amplification, and (v) ligase chain reaction. Macrolides are used as the first-line treatment in childhood for M. pneumoniae infections; however, emergence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae is a cause of concern. Development of a safe vaccine is important that gives protective immunity and would be a major step in reducing M. pneumoniae infections.
A non-inferiority randomized controlled clinical trial comparing Unani formulation & psoralen plus ultraviolet A sol in chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: Khanna Neena , Nazli Tamanna , Siddiqui Khalid Mahmud , Kalaivani Mani , Rais-ur-Rahman
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:

Though Unani medications have been used for centuries to treat psoriasis, there is paucity of published studies which have systematically evaluated their efficacy and safety. This study was conducted to establish non-inferiority of Unani medications (oral UNIM-401 and topical UNIM-403) vs psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) sol in treatment of moderate-severe chronic plaque psoriasis (CPP) in achieving psoriasis area severity index (PASI) 75 at 12 wk and to estimate proportion of patients who relapsed in follow up period of 12 weeks, after having achieved PASI 50.

Methods:

In this randomized, controlled trial patients with CPP were block randomized to receive either Unani treatment (147 patients) or PUVA sol (140 patients) for 12 weeks. Percentage reduction in PASI was determined in each patient at 12 wk to calculate number of patients who achieved PASI 75 as also to estimate median of percentage reduction in PASI in each group. All patients who achieved PASI 50 at 12 weeks were followed up for another 12 wk to determine proportion of patients who relapsed.

Results:

Of the 287 patients randomized, 84 of 147 in Unani group and 67 of 140 in PUVA sol group completed 12 weeks of treatment. On intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, the response in patients on Unani medication was not inferior to those receiving PUVA sol, in attaining PASI 75 (16.3% in Unani group vs 15.7% in the PUVA sol group). Median of percentage reduction of PASI at 12 wk from baseline in Unani group (68.2%; −60, 100) and PUVA sol group (63%; −15.7, 100) was comparable. Proportion of patients who relapsed at 24 wk was comparable in both groups. However, frequency of clinical side effects was significantly higher (P =0.001) in PUVA sol group (16.4%) compared to Unani group (2%).

Interpretation & conclusions:

The findings of the present study indicated that oral UNIM-401 and topical UNIM-403 were effective and well tolerated therapeutic options in patients with moderate-severe CPP.
Quadratic automaton algebras and intermediate growth
Authors: Iyudu Natalia , Shkarin Stanislav
Published: May 2018

We present an example of a quadratic algebra given by three generators and three relations, which is automaton (the set of normal words forms a regular language) and such that its ideal of relations does not possess a finite Gröbner basis with respect to any choice of generators and any choice of a well-ordering of monomials compatible withmultiplication. This answers a question of Ufnarovski.

Another result is a simple example (4 generators and 7 relations) of a quadratic algebra of intermediate growth.
A DG-extension of symmetric functions arising from higher representation theory
Authors: Appel Andrea , Egilmez Ilknur , Hogancamp Matthew , Lauda Aaron D.
Published: May 2018

We investigate analogs of symmetric functions arising from an extension of the nilHecke algebra defined by Naisse and Vaz. These extended symmetric functions form a subalgebra of the polynomial ring tensored with an exterior algebra.We define families of bases for this algebra and show that it admits a family of differentials making it a sub-DG-algebra of the extended nilHecke algebra. The ring of extended symmetric functions equipped with this differential is quasi-isomorphic to the cohomology of a Grassmannian. We also introduce new deformed differentials on the extended nilHecke algebra that when restricted makes extended symmetric functions quasi-isomorphic to

GL(N)

-equivariant cohomology of Grassmannians.
Zika Virus Prevention: U.S. Travelers’ Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Behavioral Intentions—A National Survey
Authors: Squiers Linda , Herrington James , Kelly Bridget , Bann Carla , Becker-Dreps Sylvia , Stamm Lola , Johnson Mihaela , McCormack Lauren
Published: May 2018

Limited data exist about U.S. travelers’ knowledge, risk perceptions, and behaviors related to the Zika virus (ZIKV). Using an internet research panel, in March 2017, we surveyed 1,202 Americans in the continental United States and Puerto Rico who planned to travel to a ZIKV-affected country, state, or U.S. territory in 2017. We compared levels of knowledge and perceived risk of ZIKV, and intentions to practice ZIKV prevention behaviors across respondents from three regions: Puerto Rico, at-risk states, and other states. More than 80% of respondents correctly understood that a person could acquire ZIKV through a bite from an infected mosquito, and over 64% of respondents knew that a pregnant woman could pass the virus to her fetus. Less than half of the respondents from at-risk states and other states knew that ZIKV could be transmitted sexually, as compared with three-quarters of respondents from Puerto Rico. Compared with respondents from at-risk and other states, respondents from Puerto Rico were the most knowledgeable for almost all types of knowledge assessed. Knowledge about post-travel precautions was low across all three regions. Differences in perceived risk and intentions to practice specific prevention behaviors also varied among regions. Significant gaps exist in U.S. travelers’ knowledge about how to prevent ZIKV transmission both during and after travel. Input and collaboration from the travel industry, health care providers, and the media are needed to help educate travelers about how to prevent ZIKV infection and transmission.
Labor market opportunities for women in the digital age
Authors: Krieger-Boden Christiane , Sorgner Alina
Published: May 2018

Digitalization offers a variety of opportunities for female empowerment and for a more equal female participation in labor markets, financial markets, and entrepreneurship. Currently, digitalization seems to favor female labor force, since women face on average lower risk of being replaced by machines, as compared to men. Women’s often superior social skills represent a comparative advantage in the digital age, and this is particularly so when social skills are complemented with higher education and advanced digital literacy. However, the same barriers and deficits that obstruct women’s current advancement in many countries may deprive them from many beneficial opportunities in the digital age, including new entrepreneurial opportunities. Major efforts by policy makers are required to invalidate these barriers. New digital technologies should be used more decisively to achieve the goal of gender equality.
Age-related changes in testicular parameters and their relationship to thyroid hormones and testosterone in male Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Gangadhar Jadhav Vyankat , Bharath Kumar Bagepalli Sathyanarayana , Pandita Sujata
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The present study aims to investigate the age-related changes in testicular parameters and their association with plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and testosterone in male Murrah buffaloes. Testicular measurements and single blood samples were collected from male Murrah buffaloes (n= 103) aged between 6 months and 8 years. The correlation coefficients of average testicular length (ATL), paired testis width (PTW), and scrotal circumference (SC) in relation to age were 0.88, 0.91, and 0.90, respectively. The regression equation between testicular weight (TW) and age was Y=1.48×x0.005 (r= 0.90; R2= 0.79). Plasma T4 and testosterone increased significantly (p< 0.001) with age and their levels ranged between 12.9 and 41.8 and 0.05 and 1.48 ng mL−1, respectively. With respect to associations between testicular parameters and plasma hormone levels, we observed significant (p< 0.01) correlations between ATL, PTW, SC, TW, and plasma T4. A significant correlation (r= 0.31; p< 0.01) between plasma T4 and testosterone levels was also observed. However, the correlations between plasma T3 and testicular parameters and plasma T3 and testosterone were non-significant. From the present study, we conclude that plasma T4 is positively correlated with testicular parameters and plasma testosterone, indicating its role in testis development and steroidogenesis.
Stratospheric ozone measurements at Arosa (Switzerland): history and scientific relevance
Authors: Staehelin Johannes , Viatte Pierre , Stübi Rene , Tummon Fiona , Peter Thomas
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Climatic Observatory (LKO) in Arosa (Switzerland), marking the beginning of the world's longest series of total (or column) ozone measurements. They were driven by the recognition that atmospheric ozone is important for human health, as well as by scientific curiosity about what was, at the time, an ill characterised atmospheric trace gas. From around the mid-1950s to the beginning of the 1970s studies of high atmosphere circulation patterns that could improve weather forecasting was justification for studying stratospheric ozone. In the mid-1970s, a paradigm shift occurred when it became clear that the damaging effects of anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), such as long-lived chlorofluorocarbons, needed to be documented. This justified continuing the ground-based measurements of stratospheric ozone. Levels of ODSs peaked around the mid-1990s as a result of a global environmental policy to protect the ozone layer, implemented through the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its subsequent amendments and adjustments. Consequently, chemical destruction of stratospheric ozone started to slow around the mid-1990s. To some extent, this raises the question as to whether continued ozone observation is indeed necessary. In the last decade there has been a tendency to reduce the costs associated with making ozone measurements globally including at Arosa. However, the large natural variability in ozone on diurnal, seasonal, and interannual scales complicates the capacity for demonstrating the success of the Montreal Protocol. Chemistry-climate models also predict a super-recovery of the ozone layer at mid-latitudes in the second half of this century, i.e. an increase of ozone concentrations beyond pre-1970 levels, as a consequence of ongoing climate change. These factors, and identifying potentially unexpected stratospheric responses to climate change, support the continued need to document stratospheric ozone changes. This is particularly valuable at the Arosa site, due to the unique length of the observational record. This paper presents the evolution of the ozone layer, the history of international ozone research, and discusses the justification for the measurements in the past, present and into future.
The Quasi-Liquid Layer of ice revisited: the role of temperature gradients and tip chemistry in AFM studies
Authors: Gelman Constantin Julián , Gianetti Melisa M. , Longinotti María P. , Corti Horacio R.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In this work, we present new results of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) force curves over pure ice at different temperatures, performed with two different environmental chambers and different kind of AFM tips. Our results provide insight to resolve the controversy on the interpretation of experimental AFM curves on the ice-air interface for determining the thickness of the quasi-liquid layer (QLL). The use of a mini environmental chamber, that provides an accurate control of the temperature and humidity of the gases in contact with the sample, allowed us for the first time to get force curves over the ice-air interface without jump-in (jumps of the tip onto the ice surface, widely observed in previous studies). These results suggest a QLL thickness below 1 nm within the explored temperature range (−7 ºC to −2 ºC). This upper bound is significantly lower than most of the previous AFM results, which suggests that previous authors overestimate the equilibrium QLL thickness, due to temperature gradients, or indentation of ice during the jump-in. Additionally, we proved that the hydrophobicity of AFM tips affects significantly the results of the experiments. Overall, this work shows that, if one chooses properly the experimental conditions, the QLL thicknesses obtained by AFM lay over the lower bound of the highly disperse results reported in the literature. This allows estimating upper boundaries for the QLL thicknesses, which is relevant to validate QLL theories, and to improve multiphase atmospheric chemistry models.
Nitrogen isotope fractionation during gas-particle conversion of NOx to
NO3− in the atmosphere – implications for isotope-based NOx source apportionment
Authors: Chang Yunhua , Zhang Yanlin , Tian Chongguo , Zhang Shichun , Ma Xiaoyan , Cao Fang , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Wenqi , Kuhn Thomas , Lehmann Moritz F.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric fine-particle (PM2.5) pollution is frequently associated with the formation of particulate nitrate (pNO3−), the end product of the oxidation of NOx gases (= NO + NO2) in the upper troposphere. The application of stable nitrogen (N) (and oxygen) isotope analyses of pNO3− to constrain NOx source partitioning in the atmosphere requires the knowledge of the isotope fractionation during the reactions leading to NO3− formation. Here we determined the δ15N values of fresh pNO3− (δ15N-pNO3−) in PM2.5 at a rural site in Northern China, where atmospheric pNO3− can be attributed exclusively to biomass burning. The observed δ15N-pNO3− (12.17 ± 1.55 ‰; n = 8) was much higher than the N isotopic source signature of NOx from biomass burning (1.04 ± 4.13 ‰). The large difference between δ15N-pNO3− and δ15N-NOx (Δ(δ15N)) can be reconciled by the net N isotope effect (ԑN) associated with the gas-particle conversion from NOx to NO3−. For the biomass-burning site, a mean ԑN (≈ Δ(δ15N)) of 10.99 ± 0.74 ‰ was assessed through a newly-developed computational quantum chemistry (CQC) module. ԑN depends on the relative importance of the two dominant N isotope exchange reactions involved (NO2 reaction with OH versus hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) with H2O), and varies between regions, and on a diurnal basis. A second, slightly higher CQC-based mean value for ԑN (15.33 ± 4.90 ‰) was estimated for an urban site with intense traffic in Eastern China, and integrated in a Bayesian isotope mixing model to make isotope-based source apportionment estimates for NOx at this site. Based on the δ15N values (10.93 ± 3.32 ‰, n = 43) of ambient pNO3− determined for the urban site, and considering the location-specific estimate for ԑN, our results reveal that the relative contribution of coal combustion and road traffic to urban NOx are 32 ± 11 % and 68 ± 11 %, respectively. This finding agrees well with a regional bottom-up emission inventory of NOx. Moreover, the variation pattern of OH contribution to ambient pNO3− formation calculated by the CQC module is consistent with that simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), further confirming the robustness of our estimates. Our investigations also show that, without the consideration of the N isotope effect during pNO3− formation, the observed δ15N-pNO3− at the study site would erroneously imply that NOx is derived almost entirely from coal combustion. Similarly, reanalysis of reported δ15N-NO3− data throughout China suggests that, nationwide, NOx emissions from coal combustion may be substantively overestimated (by > 30 %) when the N isotope fractionation during atmospheric pNO3− formation is neglected.
Instantaneous variance scaling of AIRS thermodynamic profiles using a circular area Monte Carlo approach
Authors: Dorrestijn Jesse , Kahn Brian H. , Teixeira João , Irion Fredrick W.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Satellite observations are used to obtain vertical profiles of variance
scaling of temperature (T) and specific humidity (q) in the atmosphere. A
higher spatial resolution nadir retrieval at 13.5 km complements previous
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) investigations with 45 km resolution
retrievals and enables the derivation of power law scaling exponents to
length scales as small as 55 km. We introduce a variable-sized circular-area
Monte Carlo methodology to compute exponents instantaneously within the swath
of AIRS that yields additional insight into scaling behavior. While this
method is approximate and some biases are likely to exist within non-Gaussian
portions of the satellite observational swaths of T and q, this method
enables the estimation of scale-dependent behavior within instantaneous
swaths for individual tropical and extratropical systems of interest. Scaling
exponents are shown to fluctuate between β=-1 and −3 at scales
≥500 km, while at scales ≤500 km they are typically near β≈-2, with q slightly lower than T at the smallest scales observed. In
the extratropics, the large-scale β is near −3. Within the tropics,
however, the large-scale β for T is closer to −1 as small-scale moist
convective processes dominate. In the tropics, q exhibits large-scale β
between −2 and −3. The values of β are generally consistent with
previous works of either time-averaged spatial variance estimates, or
aircraft observations that require averaging over numerous flight
observational segments. The instantaneous variance scaling methodology is
relevant for cloud parameterization development and the assessment of time
variability of scaling exponents.
Simulation of observed climate changes in 1850–2014 with climate model INM-CM5
Authors: Volodin Evgeny , Gritsun Andrey
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Climate changes observed in 1850-2014 are modeled and studied on the basis of seven historical runs with the climate model INM-CM5 under the scenario proposed for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6). In all runs global mean surface temperature rises by 0.8 K at the end of the experiment (2014) in agreement with the observations. Periods of fast warming in 1920–1940 and 1980–2000 as well as its slowdown in 1950–1975 and 2000–2014 are correctly reproduced by the ensemble mean. The notable change here with respect to the CMIP5 results is correct reproduction of the slowdown of global warming in 2000–2014 that we attribute to more accurate description of the Solar constant in CMIP6 protocol. The model is able to reproduce correct behavior of global mean temperature in 1980–2014 despite incorrect phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation indices in the majority of experiments. The Arctic sea ice loss in recent decades is reasonably close to the observations just in one model run; the model underestimates Arctic sea ice loss by the factor 2.5. Spatial pattern of model mean surface temperature trend during the last 30 years looks close the one for the ERA Interim reanalysis. Model correctly estimates the magnitude of stratospheric cooling.
Effects of variability in probable maximum precipitation patterns on flood losses
Authors: Zischg Andreas Paul , Felder Guido , Weingartner Rolf , Quinn Niall , Coxon Gemma , Neal Jeffrey , Freer Jim , Bates Paul
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The assessment of the impacts of extreme floods is important for dealing with
residual risk, particularly for critical infrastructure management and for
insurance purposes. Thus, modelling of the probable maximum flood (PMF) from
probable maximum precipitation (PMP) by coupling hydrological and hydraulic
models has gained interest in recent years. Herein, we examine whether
variability in precipitation patterns exceeds or is below selected
uncertainty factors in flood loss estimation and if the flood losses within a
river basin are related to the probable maximum discharge at the basin
outlet. We developed a model experiment with an ensemble of probable maximum
precipitation scenarios created by Monte Carlo simulations. For each rainfall
pattern, we computed the flood losses with a model chain and benchmarked the
effects of variability in rainfall distribution with other model
uncertainties. The results show that flood losses vary considerably within
the river basin and depend on the timing and superimposition of the flood
peaks from the basin's sub-catchments. In addition to the flood hazard
component, the other components of flood risk, exposure, and vulnerability
contribute remarkably to the overall variability. This leads to the
conclusion that the estimation of the probable maximum expectable flood
losses in a river basin should not be based exclusively on the PMF.
Consequently, the basin-specific sensitivities to different precipitation
patterns and the spatial organization of the settlements within the river
basin need to be considered in the analyses of probable maximum flood losses.
Brief communication: Improved simulation of the present-day Greenland firn layer (1960–2016)
Authors: Ligtenberg Stefan R. M. , Kuipers Munneke Peter , Noël Brice P. Y. , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. By providing pore space for storage or refreezing of meltwater, the Greenland
ice sheet firn layer strongly modulates runoff. Correctly representing the
firn layer is therefore crucial for Greenland (surface) mass balance studies.
Here, we present a simulation of the Greenland firn layer with the firn model
IMAU-FDM forced by the latest output of the regional climate model RACMO2,
version 2.3p2. In the percolation zone, much improved agreement is found with firn
density and temperature observations. A full simulation of Greenland
firn at high temporal (10 days) and spatial (11 km) resolution is available
for the period 1960–2016.
Flora arbórea y usos en la cuenca baja del Río Tonalá, Tabasco, México
Authors: Sol-Sánchez Ángel , Perez-Flores Julian , Hernandez-Melchor Gloria Isela , Zenteno-Ruiz Claudia Elena , Baqueros-Ballón Fátima , Zúniga-González Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo se realizó en la cuenca baja del río Tonalá, en los municipios de Cardenas y Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México, con el objetivo de inventariar las especies arbóreas presentes  en las localidades de La Venta, Villa Benito Juárez, Paylebot, Cuautemoczin y el Yucateco. Se realizaron entrevistasa los copreros, ganaderos, tasisteros, carboneros,mangleros y carpinteros. Se registro la presencia de 58 especies y 54 géneros, agrupadas en 26 familias botánicas. Las familias  más frecuentes fueron Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Moraceae, Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae y Sapindaceae. se registro que el 33% de las especies se desarrollan en áreas inundables y 67% en áreas parcialmente inundadas. Los usos más comunes de estas especies son: combustible, para construcción (cimbra), mango de herramientas, muebles, carpintería, postes, cercos vivos, alimento,  medicina y otros. El mangle rojo, se emplea  en la construcción de casas,  elaboración de carbón, leña y artesanías. La madera del estípite del coco se emplea para la elaboración de muebles, bases para macetas y figuras artesanales; con la copra molida se elabora cocoa y chocolates. Las frondas de las palmas de guano largo se utilizan para el techado de casas, trojes y graneros. El tasiste se emplea para cercos, postes, graneros y en la elaboración de mesas, sillas, camas, comedores entre otros.De la flora registrada Avicennia germinans L., Calophyllum brasiliense Camb., Laguncularia racemosa (L). Gaertn., Rhizophora mangle L., Roystonea regia H.B.K. y Spondias radlkoferi Donn. Smith, son especies amenazadas de acuerdo ala NOM-059-ECOL-2010.
Evaluación de la rentabilidad económica y captura de carbono en plantaciones de cacao en el plan Chontalpa, Tabasco
Authors: Trinidad Félix Wilio , Sol-Sánchez Ángel , Galindo-Alcántara Adalbaerto
Published: May 2018

En este estudio se evalúo la rentabilidad económica y la captura de Carbono del sistema agroforestal cacao entre tres parcelas de diferentes edades. Se aplico un cuestionario estructurado a 36 productores pertenecientes al poblado C-34 de Huimanguillo, Tabasco. Se evaluaron los egresos e ingresos en términos monetarios de la plantación del cacao. Para la determinación de la captura de Carbono se estudiaron nueve sitios con superficie de tres hectáreas cada uno pertenecientes al poblado C-34 y un sitio ubicado en el Km-21 del campo experimental del Colegio de Postgraduados. Para la cuantificación de Carbono, se utilizo la metodología rápida para la estimación y monitoreo de captura de carbono propuesta por Rendón y Soto, 2007. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizo un análisis ANOVA y una prueba Tukey Kramer. La plantación de cacao de 20 años obtuvo la mayor utilidad con $ 7 653 ± $ 3 921, mientras que la plantación de cacao de 30 años obtuvo la menor utilidad promedio con $ 5 899 ± $ 3 420. El análisis estadístico demostró que no hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas en relación al Carbono capturado en las parcelas evaluadas; Sin embargo, en las plantaciones de cacao de 15 años de edad se obtuvo un valor promedio 100.6 ± 110.5 t/C/ha-1 mientras que en las de 20 años se obtuvo 49.9 ± 14 t/C/ha-1.
modelos de innovación: complejidad versus creatividad; el dilema de una simplicidad que genera resultados útiles
Authors: Picado-Vanegas Armando de Jesus
Published: May 2018

Para llevar a efecto procesos de innovación, prima la necesidad del cambio y la suficiente creatividad para llevarlo a cabo, de forma que se pueda inducir el desarrollo de un modelo adecuado a dichas necesidades y al entorno donde debe aplicarse, pero es evidente que aún existen obstáculos que no están permitiendo los enlaces adecuados entre el desarrollo de las tecnologías y la innovación del sector agropecuario. La verdad es que nuestros países, constantemente agobiados por problemas graves de inseguridad alimentaria, salud, hacinamiento, educación, exclusión social, degradación ambiental, migración, difícil acceso al agua y a la tierra, entre otros elementos que conforman la baja calidad de vida que nos afecta, la innovación es un proceso, cuya búsqueda, está basado en el encuentro de caminos viables para la sobrevivencia. La gestión de la innovación parte en nuestro caso desde la base productiva.
Evaluación del rendimiento académico con la complementación de merienda escolar: Caso Honduras 2016-2017
Authors: Carbajal-Flores Fidel Ángel
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo se centró en un estudio de la efectividad de acciones como la merienda escolar realizadas en pro del mejoramiento de la calidad de educación principalmente en la población más desprotegida y de menos recursos económicos.  En este sentido Honduras desde hace ya más de una década cuenta con el programa de Alimentación Escolar antes llamada “merienda escolar”, cuyos resultados en cuanto a rendimiento académico se han evaluado muy poco.  Las principales conclusiones del estudio fueron: La alimentación escolar contribuye a que los niños sean saludables y estén bien educados, pero su impacto depende de la disponibilidad de una educación de calidad.  La alimentación escolar ayuda a las familias a asegurarles una educación a sus hijos, especialmente a sus niñas, quienes a menudo tienen un menor acceso a educación.  Los programas de alimentación escolar promueven el desarrollo del capital humano a largo plazo y ayudan a romper los ciclos intergeneracionales de pobreza y hambre.  Y el buen rendimiento escolar determina a largo plazo la entrada segura al sector económico y productivo, lo que permite que las personas salgan del círculo de desigualdad y pobreza. Por esta razón, se debería asegurar a los estudiantes las herramientas necesarias para lograr dicho rendimiento, teniendo en cuenta que el futuro está en la población joven.
Impacto de la educación no formal en el desarrollo del sector ganadero del departamento de Olancho, Honduras 2013-2015
Authors: Mejia-Castillo Harin Joel
Published: May 2018

El presente documento constituye un estudio que se centró en evaluar el impacto que causa la educación no formal en el desarrollo de la ganadería en el departamento de Olancho, Honduras en el periodo de 2013 a 2015. En donde se relacionaron aspectos sociales, productivos y económicos de las familias productoras. Se utilizó una revisión de bibliografía de diversos autores especialistas en el área bajo estudio. Encontrando que el sistema de producción extensivo de doble propósito (leche y carne) es el modelo de explotación ganadera predominante en el país. De igual manera se refleja que la ganadería en Honduras a sufrido un decrecimiento constante por diversos factores, sobresaliendo los bajos precios del mercado nacional y los bajos índices de producción y reproducción en las fincas, lo cual es atribuido a la baja preparación escolar que tienen los productores, administradores de fincas y empleados, así mismo atribuido a la baja adopción de tecnologías en las unidades de producción por motivos de desconocimiento y la inadecuada utilización de los recursos locales en el sector rural.
La vinculación Universidad-Sociedad en Honduras
Authors: Molina Zavala Ariel Fabricio , Martínez-Andrades Erick
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo tiene como propósito general, analizar los avances y aportes de la vinculación Universidad-sociedad desarrolladas por las instituciones de educación superior en la República de Honduras. Dicha vinculación no solo se enmarca en  la formación de profesionales o en las áreas administrativas si no en aquellas actividades, proyectos y programas productivos, científicos y académicos que tienen a la universidad hondureña como su principal promotora. En este sentido las instituciones de educación superior en honduras han sabido enfrentar y superar con éxito las distintas etapas y momentos sociales que han marcado la historia de esta joven república. A si pues la universidad como institución  ha sido en gran manera, responsable de la formación del recurso humano; responsable del desarrollo social y económico de la sociedad en su conjunto.
Validación de cinco variedades de frijol con altos contenidos de fe (hierro) y zn (zinc) , para incorporarlos en la merienda escolar en municipios del corredor seco de Olancho, Honduras.2015
Authors: Zuniga-Meza Fran Humberto
Published: May 2018

La idea principal fue introducir a la zona variedades de frijol con alto contenido de Hierro y Zinc además de otros nutrimentos esenciales para el desarrollo humano, tratando en primer lugar de consolidar áreas productivas que puedan ser utilizadas de manera rotativa y ayudar a contener la demanda de alimentos sanos en la merienda escolar y por otra parte la presión invasora sobre la reserva de agua ya que en los últimos tiempos la agricultura migratoria se ha intensificado. Nuestros resultados logran identificar que las variedades de frijol (nut 428) es la que mejor se comporta agronómicamente y la cuál es la que suple las mejores condiciones nutricionales, de esta manera logramos impulsar alternativas que permitan mitigar el desorden alimenticio existente.
Impacto socioeconómico del bono productivo alimenticio
Authors: Mondragon-Lainez Ana Doris , Zúniga-González Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo se centró en una revisión bibliográfica para determinar los beneficios que ha traído a familias de las comunidades el Bono Productivo Alimenticio, tomando como antecedente, el nivel de   pobreza en que han vivido los habitantes de las comunidades.   En el proceso de la educación rural, el tema del Bono Productivo resulta interesante como parte de la gestión del gobierno para promover el desarrollo rural.   En las conclusiones el nuevo modelo de atención integral a la micro y pequeña producción rural, resulta inclusiva para las mujeres logrando fomentar la economía familiar, donde la mujer ha tenido que superar muchas adversidades culturales apuntadas a la pobreza extrema, así mismo este programa ha venido a empoderar a las mujeres rurales brindándoles ideas revolucionarias, pues es un programa   que exige que sean responsables con los beneficios adquiridos y les ayuda a lograrlo, sube su autoestima haciéndolas sentirse útil a su familia y a la sociedad.  Todo lo anterior contribuye a visualizar un impacto socio económico en los municipios y por ende al desarrollo sostenible necesario para elevar la calidad de vida en la población de este país.
Factores que limitan al docente en la integración inclusiva de los niños y niñas con necesidades educativas especiales
Authors: Lindo Ivett Francisca , Zúniga-González Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2018

El presente ensayo se centró en revisar la implementación de  estrategias que le faciliten al docente la integración de los niños y niñas con necesidades educativas asociadas o no a una discapacidad y es por eso que el Gobierno de Reconciliación DE Unidad Nacional (GRUM) en coordinación con el Ministerio de Educación (MINED) Nicaragua en consecuencia con los compromiso adquiridos dentro del marco de acción realizar acciones dirigidas a brindar una educación que satisfaga las necesidades educativas de todos y todas  los niños, jóvenes y adultos.  En conclusión la inclusión educativa presenta una complejidad que puede ser comprendida mejor si tiene al profesor como agente relevante y clave de este proceso. La actitud del docente con respectos a estas prácticas, en dependencia de su actitud puede constituirse en una barrera o en un agente facilitador. Por otra parte los recursos con que se cuenta facilitan o limita las posibilidades u oportunidades de generar espacios educativos más inclusivos.
Problemática del bullying en educación primaria del municipio de Villanueva- Chinandega- Nicaragua-2015
Authors: Herrera-Acosta Juanita Auxiliadora , Rivas-García Julio Antonio , Martinez-Andrades Erick , Villalobos-Maradiaga Edixia Maria , Zúniga-González Carlos Albero
Published: May 2018

En este trabajo queremos resaltar este enemigo silencioso que afecta psicológicamente a nuestra niñez,  numerosos trabajos que permiten ver que la violencia entre los estudiantes de edad escolar es un problema global.  El contexto escolar es uno de los más estudiados en relación al Bullying. Es imposible determinar el exacto de estudiantes y también profesorado que son víctimas de violencia cada día en nuestros centros.  El Bullying se produce en todas las escuelas, de forma que es importante que éstas tomen conciencia de ello y desarrollen una solución en la comunidad educativa. Las persona víctima de Bullying tiene dificultades reales o percibidas para defenderse cómo pararlas y cómo ayudar al alumnado a minimizar su impacto.  Se suele señalar a las víctimas como débiles, inseguras, ansiosas, cautas, sensibles, tranquilas y tímidas y con bajos niveles de autoestima.  El trabajo se hizo con el método de revisión bibliográfica (encuestas)  la que permitió descubrir los problemas más reflejados como ser peleas, sobrenombres e insultos, estos son escenarios que facilitan que este fenómeno se de. Con los resultados obtenidos de las encuestas se procedió a brindar prácticas de interés que permiten mitigar estos fenómenos, se trabajó con cuarto año,  brindando  charlas educativas para que los estudiantes y padres de familia se apropien de la mayoría de conocimientos para enfrentar este flagelo y mejorar cada día la puesta en práctica de buenos valores y conductas positivas y erradicar el maltrato entre ellos  utilizando como arma primordial las consejerías educativas individuales y grupales en  encuentros familiares.
Teorías del desarrollo sustentable para el siglo XXI: un breve análisis
Authors: López-González Alvaro Santiago , Zuniga-González Carlos Alberto , Sol-Sánchez Ángel , Santiváñez-Galarza José Luis
Published: May 2018

El presente ensayo se centró en el análisis de las teorías del desarrollo sustentable.  Realizamos una revisión de la literatura de los principales trabajos en el tema de la teoría del desarrollo. Los resultados desarrollamos los descriptores de desarrollo sustentable, desarrollo rural, desarrollo ambiental y definimos su enlace multidisciplinar para comprender holísticamente una nueva epistemología del desarrollo.   El surgimiento de una propuesta enmarcada en lo que se denomina “Ecología Profunda” es un planteamiento interesante a ser tomado en cuenta por los diseñadores de políticas nacionales, por los teóricos de la economía, por los ambientalistas y por todas las personas relacionadas o no con la imperiosa necesidad del restablecimiento o al menos preservación de las condiciones naturales del mundo externo que nos rodea.  Complementa este enfoque la nueva epistemología de la Bioeconomia y el Cambio Climático que aborda los senderos productivo de la bio economía y nuevo instrumento para medir la nueva Economia Bio basada.
La gestión del currículo por competencias en las instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Martinez-Avendaño Jairo Terencio , Navas-Calderón José Benito , Chiong-Alegría Allan Gustavo
Published: May 2018

En Nicaragua, como en el resto de los países del mundo, las universidades, como todas las instituciones u organizaciones, están experimentando transformaciones muy significativas, que tienen que ver con todas sus funciones sustantivas, pasando por lo académico para llegar a su contexto organizacional. Con estos escenarios, las universidades de hoy deben poder adaptarse a las nuevas demandas y demandas del mercado, el progreso tecnológico y los constantes cambios de los sistemas políticos, además de esto, las universidades nicaragüenses y principalmente las universidades públicas deben enfrentar este proceso de adaptación en una contexto de matriculación masiva sostenida, lo que hace que la tarea sea aún más complicada. La forma de gestionar un currículum en este nuevo contexto, es el tema que se aborda en el presente ensayo, que se desarrolla de tal manera que, al principio, conceptualizamos el término gestión o, mejor dicho, lo contextualizamos en un sentido amplio , para luego dar paso a la gestión del cambio específicamente en el campo de las universidades. Dado que nuestro principal interés es la gestión del plan de estudios, la última parte del desarrollo de la escritura está dedicada a abordar este tema, haciendo hincapié en la gestión del currículum por competencias. No podemos dejar de hacer algunos enfoques concluyentes sobre el tema tratado, para lo cual el ensayo finaliza con la presentación de nuestras conclusiones.
Mujeres y participación política en Nicaragua, 1980 -2015
Authors: Rios-Molina Leyjanis Masciel
Published: May 2018

Este ensayo se centra  en investigar las metodologías utilizadas por diferentes autores en sus diferentes estudios relacionados con la participación política de la mujer, ya que es uno de los ejes de un enfoque territorial más amplio y muy evidente que muy poco las mujeres  participan en la política. Los resultados en los estudios incluyen que la mayoría de investigaciones se han realizado con métodos cualitativos, haciendo énfasis en la trayectoria de la mujer durante años anteriores como los actuales.