bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimising image quality in intravenous cerebral cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Broadley Lisa , Erskine Brendan , Marshall Elissa , Ewert Kyle , Picker Bjoern
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The efficacy of intravenous cerebral Cone Beam Computed Tomography (IV CBCT) is well established; however, image quality has only ever been authenticated by subjective evaluation. The aim of this study was to quantify the factors pertinent to achieving consistent and optimal image quality when performing IV CBCT.

Methods

Between 1 March 2021 and 30 October 2022, 79 patients received IV CBCT. These candidates were divided into three main acquisition field size categories (22/32, 42 and 48 cm) according to the clinical indication. The images were analysed using both a quantitative assessment and a subjective evaluation. Here, a comparison of Hounsfield units (HUs), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and noise index was conducted for each study and compared relative to the acquisition field size. The subjective analysis was performed in a non‐blinded fashion where the diagnostic value (DV) of the exam was determined according to a graded scale. A phantom analysis for each of the acquisition field sizes was conducted and modulation transfer function (MTF) graphed.

Results

Significantly higher HU, SNR, CNR and lower noise indices were achieved with the 42‐cm protocol than the 22/32 and 48‐cm protocols. Here a greater DV was also reported. The MTF demonstrates marginally improved spatial resolution for the 22‐cm protocol, but this is near equivocal for the 32‐, 42 and 48‐cm protocols.

Conclusion

The use of larger acquisition field sizes provides improved image quality when performing IV CBCT as an alternative to intra‐arterial (IA) CBCT.
Validation of a Portuguese version of the multidimensional measure of employability
Authors: Gamboa Vítor , Carvalho Catarina Luzia de , Soares Joana , Rodrigues Suzi , Taveira Maria do Céu , Silva Ana Daniela
Published: October 2023

This study describes the validity and reliability evidence of the multidimensional measure of employability (MME) based on the internal structure and relations to career self‐efficacy and career success. Two hundred forty seven Portuguese persons (75.7% women) aged from 21–73 years old (M = 39.9, SD = 10.9) participated. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested adequate fit in the correlational and hierarchical models. Measurement reliability was good for total score and each factor. Correlations with the additional measures provided evidence of validity. MME provides a tool for research and career counseling, enabling comprehensive employability assessment and personalized interventions, while recognising the interplay between employability dimensions.
Impact of malnutrition on cancer recurrence, colorectal cancer‐specific death, and non‐colorectal cancer‐related death in patients with colorectal cancer who underwent curative surgery
Authors: Nakamura Yuya , Kawase Makoto , Kawabata Yusuke , Kanto Satoshi , Yamaura Tadayoshi , Kinjo Yousuke , Ogo Yasumasa , Kuroda Nobukazu
Published: October 2023

Aim

This study aimed to examine how malnutrition, as reflected by the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence and cause of death.

Methods

Consecutive stage I‐III CRC patients (n = 601) were divided into two groups using GNRI 98 as the cutoff. The relationship of GNRI with overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was evaluated, followed by competing risk analysis to determine prognostic factors of non‐CRC‐related death, and hazard function analysis to examine changes in the risk of recurrence and death.

Results

Median body mass index was lower in the low GNRI group than in the high GNRI group (19.8 vs. 23.5; p < 0.001). After adjusting for known prognostic factors, a low GNRI was independently associated with reduced OS/RFS, and was a significant predictor of non‐CRC‐related death. The risk of recurrence was higher and peaked earlier in the low GNRI group than in the high GNRI group, although after 3 years, both groups had a similar risk. Meanwhile, the low GNRI group had a higher risk of non‐CRC‐related death over the course of 5 years.

Conclusion

It is important to consider preoperative nutritional status along with the cancer stage when developing strategies to improve outcomes for CRC patients.
Real‐life case‐series experience with tralokinumab in patients with severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Caroppo Francesca , Belloni Fortina Anna
Published: October 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory chronic recurrent skin condition that causes recurrent, itching eczematous lesions with a great impact on the quality of life of patients. We describe a case series of five adult patients with severe AD (Eczema Area Severity Index [EASI] ≥24) treated with tralokinumab. Tralokinumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds IL‐13 with high affinity, blocking the interaction of IL‐13 with its specific receptors and neutralising its biological activity. Tralokinumab was recently approved for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe AD in adults. In these patients, several conventional topical and systemic treatments (such as UV‐B phototherapy, systemic cyclosporine and dupilumab) had been previously tried. Three patients reported severe conjunctivitis during the previous treatment with dupilumab and one patient had not a good clinical response to dupilumab, as this treatment was stopped. Therefore, treatment with tralokinumab as a subcutaneous injection at an initial dose of 600 mg followed by 300 mg administered every other week was started. The severity of AD was assessed at baseline, Week 12 and Week 20 using several clinical scores (EASI, SCOring Atopic Dermatitis, Itch score, Dermatology Life Quality Index). All patients achieved clinical remission with a significant clinical improvement of itching and eczema in all body areas, assessed with several clinical scores; furthermore, no adverse events were reported during the observation period. During the treatment with tralokinumab, one patient was also infected by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, reporting mild clinical symptoms of the upper respiratory tract. These symptoms spontaneously resolved in 2 days with no medications. Although additional real‐world data are certainly required about the efficacy and safety of tralokinumab, the prospects of new drugs for the long‐term treatment of moderate‐to‐severe AD represent a great opportunity for these patients, which had very few therapeutic options until now.
Factors Influencing Delay in Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer in Rwanda
Authors: Nteyumwete Hirwa , Civantos Alyssa M. , Stanford‐Moore Gaelen B. , Yau Jenny , Tuyishimire Gratien , Umutoni Josiane , Nyabyenda Victor , Ncogoza Isaie , Shaye David A.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Head and neck cancer is a significant contributor to global otolaryngologic disease burden, with a disproportionate impact on low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study investigates the factors contributing to delays in head and neck cancer diagnosis at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK).

Methods

Cross‐sectional study of all patients with a pathologic diagnosis of head and neck cancer presenting to CHUK between January 2021 and June 2022. Sociodemographic data, tumor characteristics, and reasons for delay were collected. Univariate and multivariable analyses were undertaken to evaluate risk factors for delays.

Results

Eighty‐one patients met criteria for inclusion. Median duration from patient first reported symptoms to initial medical consultation was 52 weeks, from initial medical consultation to referral to CHUK was 4 weeks, and from referral to final pathologic diagnosis was 6 weeks. The most common reason for delay to referral to CHUK was financial (37.04%). Patients who visited traditional healers had higher odds of delay between symptom onset and medical consultation (OR 3.51, CI 1.05–11.70). Delays in final diagnosis after referral were most commonly due to OR availability for biopsy (37.04%) and time for pathology results after biopsy (35.80%). OR availability had a significant impact on duration to final diagnosis (OR 59.48, CI 7.17–493.67). Stage 4 disease had the shortest time to final diagnosis (OR 0.05, CI 0.01–0.45).

Conclusion

Understanding the reasons for delayed diagnosis of head and neck cancer may help guide improvements in care, with the goal of reducing global head and neck burden of disease.

Level of Evidence

3; prospective non‐random follow‐up study Laryngoscope, 134:1663–1669, 2024
The contribution of intraspecific variation to future climate responses of brown algae
Authors: Li Jing‐Jing , Liu Zheng‐Yi , Song Wang‐Hui , Qin Song
Published: October 2023

Intraspecific variation, which may arise through the interplay between environmental heterogeneity and adaptive variation, has consequences for the resilience of species to climate change. Here, we revealed the levels of intraspecific genomic variation and its causes in a widespread brown alga (Sargassum horneri). Our datasets included both benthic and floating samples from 20 populations sampled along a latitudinal gradient in the Chinese marginal seas. We prepared two datasets: 1) 4628 filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for all samples, and 2) 20,735 filtered SNPs for only benthic samples. We conducted genotype‐environment association analyses and outlier tests to identify adaptive loci for each dataset. Both neutral and adaptive SNPs revealed a deep genetic split between benthic populations in the North Yellow Sea (NYS) and East China Sea. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that temperature is a major factor driving adaptive divergence of benthic populations. Predictions of the lineage‐level species distribution model revealed severe habitat loss of S. horneri in the NYS and eastern coasts of Korea under RCP8.5 in the 2100 s; however, the low‐latitude boundary remained stable. Based on these results, we speculate that low‐latitude populations may have high resilience to global warming. The dispersal routes of floating samples were determined by coastal currents; however, restricted gene flow between regions was detected. Thus, we speculate that opportunities for the recovery of depleted populations through natural gene flow may be limited. This study highlights the importance of applying conservation strategies (e.g., assisted gene flow) to protect coastal species from local extinction in the future.
Efficient Blue–Violet Phosphor with Small Stokes‐Shift for Full‐Spectrum Lighting
Authors: Shao Yuhe , Cai Hao , Zhao Fangyi , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin
Published: October 2023

Blue–violet phosphor is an essential component to realize full spectrum lighting on the basis of commercial 365 nm N‐UV chip excitation. However, its development falls behind since the phosphor with small stokes‐shift (ΔS) is hard to realize. Herein, a new blue–violet phosphor SrSc4Si5O17:Ce3+ with small ΔS (∼30 nm) is presented. SrSc4Si5O17:Ce3+ emits bright blue–violet luminescence peaking at 390 nm, and the internal/external quantum efficiency can reach 73.4%/50.4% under 365 nm excitation. The unique luminescence performance of the phosphor is related closely to its crystal structure. The host‐referred bind energy (HRBE) diagram is also successfully constructed to illustrate its thermal quenching behavior. Finally, the packaged white light‐emitting diodes based on the 365 nm N‐UV chip, SrSc4Si5O17:Ce3+, and other high‐performance phosphors have an ultra‐high color rendering index (Ra = 95.9), indicating that SrSc4Si5O17:Ce3+ is a potential candidate for various applications, including indoor healthy lighting and agricultural lighting.
A stochastic predator–prey model with distributed delay and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process: Characterization of stationary distribution, extinction, and probability density function
Authors: Zhang Xinhong , Yang Qing , Jiang Daqing
Published: October 2023

As the evolution of species relies on not only the current state but also the past information, it is more reasonable and realistic to take delay into an ecological model. This paper deals with a stochastic predator–prey model that considers the distribution delay and assume that the intrinsic growth rate and the death rate in the model are governed by Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process to simulate the random factors in the environment. Based on the existence and uniqueness of the global solution to the model and the boundedness of the
order moments of the solution, several conditions are established to analyze the survival of the species. Specifically, a criteria for the existence of the stationary distribution to the stochastic system is established by constructing some suitable Lyapunov functions. And the analytical expression of the probability density function of the model around the quasi‐equilibrium is obtained. Furthermore, the extinction of species in the model is also explored. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results obtained in this paper.
Miniaturized low‐profile ultra‐wideband circularly polarized archimedes spiral antenna backed by an AMC reflector
Authors: Huang Jiahui , Wang Yi , Chen Kang , Cao Qunsheng
Published: October 2023

A low‐profile ultra‐wideband (UWB) circularly polarized antenna is proposed in the form of a planar Archimedes spiral structure backed by an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). To expand its bandwidth and minimize its size, the antenna is loaded with resistors and a metal ring near the end of the spiral arms. At the same time, the bidirectional beam is transformed into a unidirectional beam using the phase compensation mechanism by introducing an AMC reflector. The antenna achieves −10 dB impedance bandwidth and 3 dB AR bandwidth in 0.7 ~ 10.2 GHz (174.3%), with a height of only 0.035 wavelengths at 0.7 GHz, which shows advantages over most similar designs. Finally, the antenna is fabricated and measured to prove its effectiveness.
A dual‐band tightly arranged multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna pair for 5G mobile terminals
Authors: Li Bingying , Zhao Xing , Huang Qishen , Hu Minghao , Zhu Xinyu , Ying Haoming
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a dual‐band multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna pair for 5G cell phones. The antenna pair consists of two planar concave antenna elements that are tightly arranged on a vertical substrate. By adding capacitors to form a resonant network, an additional operating mode is excited, resulting in dual‐band performance. The resonant frequency of the additional mode can be adjusted independently by changing the capacitance value. Moreover, a neutralization line is used to improve the isolation of the high band without affecting the low band. The antenna pair occupies a small area of 13.2 × 6.3 mm2 and operates at both 3.5 and 4.85 GHz bands. The isolations are better than 17 dB at the 3.5 GHz band and better than 19 dB at the 4.85 GHz band. The proposed dual‐band antenna pair might be a good choice for 5G terminals.
The role of renal circadian biorhythms in lifelong LUTS
Authors: Hervé François , Vande Walle Johan , Raes Ann , Haddad Rebecca , Monaghan Thomas , Drake Marcus J. , Kamperis Konstantinos , Dossche Lien , Zipkin Jacob , Weiss Jeffrey , Verbakel Irina , Bou Kheir George , Everaert Karel
Published: October 2023

Introduction

This article delves into the intricate relationship between kidney function, diuresis, and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) throughout the transitions of the human lifespan. It explores circadian regulation of urine production, maturation of renal function from birth to adulthood, and effects of aging on kidney function and LUTS. The complex connections between these factors are highlighted, offering insights into potential interventions and personalized management strategies.

Methods

An international panel of seven experts engaged in online discussions, focusing on kidney function, diuresis, and LUTS throughout life. This manuscript summarizes expert insights, literature reviews, and findings presented during a webinar and subsequent discussions.

Results

Renal function undergoes significant maturation from birth to adulthood, with changes in glomerular filtration rate, diuresis, and tubular function. A circadian rhythm in urine production is established during childhood. Adolescents and young adults can experience persistent enuresis due to lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and complex physiological changes. In older adults, age‐related alterations in kidney function disrupt the circadian rhythm of diuresis, contributing to nocturnal polyuria and LUTS.

Conclusion

The interplay between kidney function, diuresis, and LUTS is crucial in understanding lifelong urinary health. Bridging the gap between pediatric and adult care is essential to address enuresis in adolescents and young adults effectively. For older adults, recognizing the impact of aging on renal function and fluid balance is vital in managing nocturia. This holistic approach provides a foundation for developing innovative interventions and personalized treatments to enhance quality of life for individuals with LUTS across all stages of life.
AI‐enhanced iterative solvers for accelerating the solution of large‐scale parametrized systems
Authors: Nikolopoulos Stefanos , Kalogeris Ioannis , Stavroulakis George , Papadopoulos Vissarion
Published: October 2023

Recent advances in the field of machine learning open a new era in high performance computing for challenging computational science and engineering applications. In this framework, the use of advanced machine learning algorithms for the development of accurate and cost‐efficient surrogate models of complex physical processes has already attracted major attention from scientists. However, despite their powerful approximation capabilities, surrogate model predictions are still far from being near to the ‘exact’ solution of the problem. To address this issue, the present work proposes the use of up‐to‐date machine learning tools in order to equip a new generation of iterative solvers of linear equation systems, capable of very efficiently solving large‐scale parametrized problems at any desired level of accuracy. The proposed approach consists of the following two steps. At first, a reduced set of model evaluations is performed using a standard finite element methodology and the corresponding solutions are used to establish an approximate mapping from the problem's parametric space to its solution space using a combination of deep feedforward neural networks and convolutional autoencoders. This mapping serves as a means of obtaining very accurate initial predictions of the system's response to new query points at negligible computational cost. Subsequently, an iterative solver inspired by the Algebraic Multigrid method in combination with Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, termed POD‐2G, is developed that successively refines the initial predictions of the surrogate model towards the exact solution. The application of POD‐2G as a standalone solver or as preconditioner in the context of preconditioned conjugate gradient methods is demonstrated on several numerical examples of large scale systems, with the results indicating its strong superiority over conventional iterative solution schemes.
Improvement in Nasal Symptoms of Chronic Rhinitis after Cryoablation of the Posterior Nasal Nerve
Authors: Rosi‐Schumacher Mattie , Abbas Adam , Young Paul R.
Published: October 2023

Objective

To determine the efficacy of posterior nasal nerve (PNN) cryoablation for improving the symptoms of chronic rhinitis.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

A private practice.

Methods

This study evaluated medication usage and adverse effects of in‐office PNN cryoablation with a handheld device in patients > 18 years with chronic (>6 months) allergic or nonallergic rhinitis for whom medical management failed. The total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and mini rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (mRQLQ) scores were compared before and after treatment.

Results

This study included 127 patients with a mean age of 52.4 ± 16.9 years; 60.6% of patients were female and 49.6% had allergic rhinitis. Mean symptom scores decreased from 5.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.51‐6.43) to 3.44 (95% CI, 2.97‐3.81, P < .001) after the procedure, with clinically important decreases in 75 (59.1%) patients. For patients with baseline TNSS values of ≥4, 63.5% (66/104) had a clinically important decrease, whereas only 39.1% (9/23) of those with the lower baseline did (P = .04). Mean mRQLQ scores also decreased from 2.51 (95% CI, 2.29‐2.72) to 1.28 (95% CI, 1.20‐1.47, P < .001) after the procedure. Seventy‐eight of 273 (28.6%) medications were discontinued after the procedure. Adverse effects occurred in 18.1% (23/127) of patients with headache as the most common.

Conclusion

PNN cryoablation improves nasal symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic rhinitis. Patients with a higher baseline TNSS are more likely to experience significant symptomatic improvement.
Theoretical aspects and applications of goal‐oriented reanalysis methods
Authors: Materna Daniel
Published: October 2023

In this contribution, a method for goal‐oriented reanalysis is presented. The process allows predicting the change in a quantity of interest due to structural modifications (design changes), for example, the shape, the topology, material properties, and so forth. The approach is based on a goal‐oriented method using primal and dual problems. Furthermore, the procedure is easy to implement in existing finite element programs because no derivatives with respect to the design variables are necessary. The proposed method can be used in classical applications with successive design steps, such as structural optimization, reliability, or structural damage analysis. The repeated structural analysis and calculating quantities of interest involve significant computational effort. Goal‐oriented reanalysis methods can reduce the overall computational cost in the numerical simulation.
Crushing behavior optimization of octagonal lattice‐structured thin‐walled 3D printed carbon fiber reinforced PETG (CF/PETG) composite tubes under axial loading
Authors: Sivakumar Narain Kumar , Palaniyappan Sabarinathan , Vishal Kumar , Alibrahim Khuloud A. , Alodhayb Abdullah , A Madhan Kumar
Published: October 2023

Thin‐walled structures with good energy absorption capability can significantly use as energy absorbers in passive vehicle safety systems. The present study deals with designing and developing thin‐walled carbon fiber (CF) reinforced PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol) composite tubes with octagonal corrugated lattice structures on the lateral surfaces. The FFF (fused filament fabrication) factors such as layer height, nozzle temperature, printing speed, line width, and infill density were optimized. The experiment outcomes such as compressive strength and dimensional length error, are measured for the respective octagonal corrugated lattice structure incorporated in 3D printed CF/PETG composite tubes. The results proclaimed that, the optimum factors for improved compressive strength in the octagonal corrugated lattice‐structured CF/PETG composite will be 0.1 mm layer height, 220°C nozzle temperature, 20 mm/sec printing speed, 0.1 mm line width and 100% infill density. Furthermore, the R‐square value for the compressive strength and dimensional length error is within an acceptable limit of 91.25% and 93.31%. So, the developed mathematical models are in good form for practical acceptance. The optimized condition3D printed samples exhibit better compressive strength and lower dimensional length deviation, which is essential for considering it in the safety protection application in automotive components.

Highlights

• 3D printed octagonal shaped lattice structured PETG/CF composite tube.

• Process parameters were optimized in terms of compressive strength.

• Layer height has contributed a major impact on the compressive strength response.
Global profiling of protein lactylation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ding Tao , Yang Ye‐Hong , Wang Qiao‐Chu , Wu Yue , Han Rong , Zhang Xu‐Tong , Kong Jie , Yang Jun‐Tao , Liu Jiang‐Feng
Published: October 2023

Lactylation, as a novel posttranslational modification, is essential for studying the functions and regulation of proteins in physiological and pathological processes, as well as for gaining in‐depth knowledge on the occurrence and development of many diseases, including tumors. However, few studies have examined the protein lactylation of one whole organism. Thus, we studied the lactylation of global proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans to obtain an in vivo lactylome. Using an MS‐based platform, we identified 1836 Class I (localization probabilities > 0.75) lactylated sites in 487 proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed that lactylated proteins were mainly located in the cytoplasm and involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and other metabolic pathways. Then, we evaluated the conservation of lactylation in different organisms. In total, 41 C. elegans proteins were lactylated and homologous to lactylated proteins in humans and rats. Moreover, lactylation on H4K80 was conserved in three species. An additional 238 lactylated proteins were identified in C. elegans for the first time. This study establishes the first lactylome database in C. elegans and provides a basis for studying the role of lactylation.
Enhancement of metal‐binding affinity for Cu+/Cu2+ complexes by hydrogen bond network
Authors: Motahari Ahmad , Fattahi Alireza
Published: October 2023

Using density functional theory, polyols were used as model ligands for Cu+/Cu2+ complexes to study the role of the hydrogen bond network on the metal binding affinity. In addition to the gas phase studies, the calculations were performed in 1‐decanol and DMSO solvents. The Cu2+ complexes were the most stable complexes with the highest bond dissociation energies (BDE). The presence of three H‐bonds in the first shell increased BDE values up to 17.99 and 57.07 kcal/mol for Cu+ and Cu2+ complexes in the gas phase, respectively, whereas the presence of another three H‐bonds in the second shell increased BDE values up to 7.27 and 24.35 kcal/mol for Cu+ and Cu2+ complexes in the gas phase, respectively. Therefore, this H‐bond network caused, for example, a more stable Cu+ complex with a formation constant of 1.4 × 1017 times. The natural bond orbital (NBO), atoms in molecules (AIM), and reduced density gradient (RDG) analyses showed that the intramolecular hydrogen bond network led to the enhancement of metal‐binding affinity.
Maturity model approach for building effective process safety management systems
Authors: Kunt Tekin , Breen Madonna , Gökçe Seçkin , Munsil Mike
Published: October 2023

Usually, a gap analysis is conducted to address challenges encountered when building a process safety management (PSM) system from scratch, or for improving an already existing PSM program. Business maturity models, on the other hand, are useful management frameworks used to gauge the maturity of an organization in various disciplines or functions. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an adaptation of business maturity models to the PSM area.
Comparing the antibacterial activity of chitin nanocrystals with chitin: exploring the feasibility of chitin nanocrystals as novel pesticide nanocarriers in agriculture
Authors: Xiang Shunyu , Zhang Xiaofeng , Cao Zhe , Peng Shiqi , Xu Jingyun , Huang Qianqiao , Huang Jin , Xu Chen , Sun Xianchao
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

In recent years, nanomaterials‐based pesticide carriers have garnered significant attention and sparked extensive research. However, most studies have primarily focused on investigating the impact of physical properties of nanomaterials, such as size and modifiable sites, on drug delivery efficiency of nano‐pesticides. The limited exploration of biologically active nanomaterials poses a significant obstacle to the advancement and widespread adoption of nano‐pesticides. In this study, we prepared chitin nanocrystals (ChNC) based on acid hydrolysis and systematically investigated the differences between nano‐ and normal chitin against plant bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci). The primary objective was to seek out nanocarriers with heightened biological activity for the synthesis of nano‐pesticides.

RESULTS

Zeta potential analysis, Fourier Transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identified the successful synthesis of ChNC. ChNC showcased remarkable bactericidal activity at comparable concentrations, surpassing that of chitin, particularly in its ability to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. Furthermore, ChNC displayed heightened effectiveness in disrupting bacterial cell membranes, resulting in the leakage of bacterial cell contents, structural DNA damage, and impairment of DNA replication. Lastly, potting experiments revealed that ChNC is notably more effective in inhibiting the spread and propagation of bacteria on plant leaves.

CONCLUSION

ChNC exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to chitin, enabling efficient control of plant bacterial diseases through enhanced interaction with bacteria. These findings offer compelling evidence of ChNC's superior bacterial inhibition capabilities, underscoring its potential as a promising nanocarrier for nano‐pesticide research. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Electrical, Dielectric, and Magnetic Characteristics of (BiBa)(FeMn2)O8
Authors: Panda Bandana , Choudhary Ram Naresh Prasad
Published: October 2023

A new compound of chemical formula (BiBa)(FeMn2)O8 is prepared by a solid‐state reaction method. X‐ray structural studies confirm orthorhombic unit cell of the compound. Room‐temperature magnetic data display ferromagnetic hysteresis loop with high value of effective magnetic moments. The dependence of dielectric constant, loss tangent, impedance, and the conductivity at different frequencies (1 kHz−1 MHz) are measured using LCR meter on rise of temperature from room temperature to 500 °C. The dielectric constant increases on rise of temperature due to Maxell–Wagner polarization, and the loss tangent displays similar behavior. A low value of loss tangent is obtained at higher frequencies, which paves the way for the application of the compound in high‐frequency devices. The real impedance of the compound decreases indicating NTCR (negative temperature coefficient of resistance) behavior, and the imaginary impedance displays relaxor behavior. The Nyquist plot fits to a series combination of two RQC circuits ((RQC)(RQC)) and indicates the presence of non‐Debye relaxation. The frequency variation of conductivity obeys Jonscher's power law and reveals different conduction mechanisms in grain and grain boundary regions.
Praxis crisis and the trouble with science teacher education for emergent bilingual learners
Authors: Tolbert Sara , Spurgin Caroline T. , Ash Doris B.
Published: October 2023

In this study, we explore how preservice secondary science teachers articulated their agency and structural awareness within racist–nativist policy and schooling environments that limit emergent bilingual students' opportunities to learn science. Our praxis‐oriented analysis led us to characterize novice teacher participants' discursive positionings within this structure–agency dialectic—that is, what it means to teach science well with emergent bilingual learners in the context of structural exclusions—as deficit, distancing, or discerning. We then discuss how these preservice teacher positionings were a function of tension management for working within the structure–agency dialectic. In our discussion, we refer to this phenomenon aspraxis crisis, that is, the disjuncture between theory and practice that occurs as teachers negotiate the real and perceived constraints of their work. We consider how the concept of praxis crisis that emerged from our work can be a critical dialogic tool for transformative learning in science teacher education research and practice, and how a praxis‐oriented methodological approach can support more expansive and nuanced understandings of teacher learning.
Root causes of radicalization: the terror‐contagion hypothesis
Authors: Clancy Timothy , Addison Bland , Pavlov Oleg , Saeed Khalid
Published: October 2023

What are the root causes of mass violence terrorism? Examining this question led to a novel hypothesis that violent radicalization leading to terrorism operates as a system of social contagion. A terror contagion exploits existing grievances and moral outrage well suited for radicalizing within a high‐risk population. After a terrorist incident, media broadcasts of cultural scripts convey both a template violent ideology and a template method for mass violence. Radicalization can result when high‐risk people receive these cultural scripts sharing self‐similarity and notoriety bias to the perpetrator and their template ideology of grievance and outrage. Following the template method results in subsequent completed terror incidents creating their own media broadcasts, perpetuating the contagion. In this article, we share our methods, findings, and discuss the implications of a terror‐contagion hypothesis. We describe experiments and testable predictions to build confidence in the terror‐contagion hypothesis and our progress in them. © 2023 System Dynamics Society.
Therapeutic Clothing Use in Atopic Dermatitis in the Netherlands: A Population Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ragamin Aviël , Schappin Renske , Pasmans Suzanne G. M. A. , Schuttelaar Marie L. A.
Published: October 2023

National prescription data for therapeutic clothing in atopic dermatitis was analysed to investigate the role of therapeutic clothing in atopic dermatitis. Therapeutic clothing is most frequently prescribed by dermatologists in a hospital setting. Most patients only receive one prescription of therapeutic clothing, suggesting a limited role for therapeutic clothing in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis.
Matrix Nonlinear Viscoelasticity Regulates Skeletal Myogenesis through MRTF Nuclear Localization and Nuclear Mechanotransduction
Authors: Shi Nianyuan , Wang Jing , Tang Shaoxin , Zhang Hui , Wei Zhao , Li Ang , Ma Yufei , Xu Feng
Published: October 2023

Mechanically sensitive tissues (e.g., skeletal muscles) greatly need mechanical stimuli during the development and maturation. The extracellular matrix (ECM) mediates these signals through nonlinear viscoelasticity of collagen networks that are predominant components of the ECM. However, the interactions between cells and ECM form a feedback loop, and it has not yet been possible to determine the degree to which, if any, of the features of matrix nonlinear viscoelasticity affect skeletal muscle development and regeneration. In this study, a nonlinear viscoelastic feature (i.e., strain‐enhanced stress relaxation (SESR)) in normal skeletal muscles is observed, which however is almost absent in diseased muscles from Duchenne muscular dystrophy mice. It is recapitulated such SESR feature in vitro and separated the effects of mechanical strain and ECM viscoelasticity on myoblast response by developing a collagen‐based hydrogel platform. Both strain and stress relaxation induce myogenic differentiation and myotube formation by C2C12 myoblasts, and myogenesis is more promoted by applying SESR. This promotion can be explained by the effects of SESR on actin polymerization‐mediated myocardin related transcription factor (MRTF) nuclear localization and nuclear mechanotransduction. This study represents the first attempt to investigate the SESR phenomenon in skeletal muscles and reveal underlying mechanobiology, which will provide new opportunities for the tissue injury treatments.
A secure framework for IoT‐based healthcare using blockchain and IPFS
Authors: Rani Deepa , Kumar Rajeev , Chauhan Naveen
Published: October 2023

Smart healthcare, also known as IoT (Internet of Things) based healthcare, utilizes IoT technology to enhance the healthcare industry. The use of IoT‐enabled medical equipment enables remote monitoring of patients, allowing for in‐home care and alerting healthcare providers of any changes. This can lead to improved patient outcomes and better disease management. However, it is important to implement robust security measures to protect patient data when using IoT in healthcare. One potential solution is to use blockchain technology to secure data storage and sharing with medical providers. Blockchain's decentralized structure and cryptographic techniques make it difficult for hackers to access or tamper with patient information. Additionally, IPFS (InterPlanetary file system) can be used for efficient data storage and sharing with authorized medical professionals, while smart contract functionality can automate the process of granting and revoking access to patient data. This article proposes a blockchain‐based secure remote patient monitoring system, specifically for chronic disease patients. The system utilizes distributed blockchain for data security, IPFS for data storage and sharing, and DApp for data collection and connection to the blockchain, along with encryption for added security. The proposed approach is compared to existing solutions and found to be a superior option for IoT‐based healthcare.
Functional time series forecasting: Functional singular spectrum analysis approaches
Authors: Trinka Jordan , Haghbin Hossein , Lin Shang Han , Maadooliat Mehdi
Published: October 2023

We introduce two novel nonparametric forecasting methods designed for functional time series (FTS), namely, functional singular spectrum analysis (FSSA) recurrent and vector forecasting. Our algorithms rely on extracted signals obtained from the FSSA method and innovative recurrence relations to make predictions. These techniques are model‐free, capable of predicting nonstationary FTS and utilize a computational approach for parameter selection. We also employ a bootstrap algorithm to assess the goodness‐of‐prediction. Through comprehensive evaluations on both simulated and real‐world climate data, we showcase the effectiveness of our techniques compared to various parametric and nonparametric approaches for forecasting nonstationary stochastic processes. Furthermore, we have implemented these methods in the Rfssa R package and developed a shiny web application for interactive exploration of the results.
Early age dynamic mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced early strength concrete
Authors: Wang Zhihang , Bai Erlei , Liu Chaojia , Qin Lijun , Lv Yan
Published: October 2023

The dynamic compression test was carried out on basalt fiber reinforced early strength concrete (BFRESC) with ages of 4–24 h by the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system. The effects of curing age and basalt fiber content on dynamic mechanical properties of ESC was analyzed. The result shows that the dynamic compressive strength and specific energy absorption of BFRESC at early ages increase continuously with the increase of fiber content. The dynamic compressive strength of concrete at the early ages increases exponentially with the strain rate. With the increase of curing age, the strain rate sensitivity of dynamic compressive strength of concrete increases gradually, and the strain rate sensitivity of dynamic compressive strength of BFRESC with fiber content of 0.1% is the strongest. The specific energy absorption of concrete at early ages increases linearly with the strain rate. With the increase of curing age, the strain rate sensitivity of specific energy absorption of concrete increases gradually, and basalt fiber can enhance the strain rate sensitivity of specific energy absorption of concrete. Based on the comparison with the formula for dynamic increase factor (DIF) calculation provided by Comite Euro‐International du Beton (CEB), etc., a model of DIF based on the increase of curing age is proposed.
Autoethnography for language teacher education programs: Connecting identities, ideologies, and experiences to curricular design practices
Authors: Kessler Matt
Published: October 2023

Autoethnography, a qualitative research methodology that investigates aspects of individuals' identities, ideologies, and emotions, has recently gained traction in applied linguistics and second language (L2) scholarship. However, research is needed that investigates the use of autoethnography in preservice teacher education programs, along with exploring the connections between individuals' autoethnographies and actual pedagogical practices. The current study explores such issues by implementing a critical autoethnographic narrative assignment in a master's TESOL course for teacher candidates (TCs). Eight TCs completed two installments of a critical autoethnographic narrative, reflecting on their prior L2 learning and teaching/tutoring experiences. After completing various course assignments (e.g., textbook review, lesson plans), TCs then produced a final multimodal reflection, examining how their experiences influenced their pedagogies. TCs' narratives and reflections were thematically analyzed to examine 1) shared identities, ideologies, and challenges faced, and 2) explicit connections TCs made between their experiences and pedagogies. The findings of this study point to multiple shared ideologies and challenges among the TCs. Some preservice teachers were also able to link aspects of their identities and ideologies to specific curricular design practices. Implications are discussed for L2 teacher educators in terms of leveraging autoethnography for fostering reflective practices.
Sustainability Transition and 6G Mobile Communications
Authors: Matinmikko-Blue Marja , Arslan Ahmad
Published: October 2023

This chapter aims to academically highlight the link between 6G mobile communications and the transition to sustainability. Using both theoretical arguments and practical examples, the current chapter applies a multi-level perspective (MLP) to the sustainability transition to highlight the specificities of niches, socio-technical regimes, and exogenous socio-technical landscapes of 6G technology in relation to the sustainability transition. Moreover, the current chapter is one of the rare studies that focuses on the larger picture in the 6G and sustainability debate by highlighting specific UN SDGs which can be achieved by the sustainability transition and the role of both endogenous and exogenous factors using an MLP lens. Finally, this chapter offers specific theoretical, practical, and policy implications.
Benefiting from Innovation in Future 6G
Authors: Hurmelinna-Laukkanen Pia , Yrjölä Seppo
Published: October 2023

This chapter takes a wider perspective on profiting from innovation and discusses firm, ecosystem, industry, and policy-level aspects relevant for developing 5G/6G. To date, mobile communication networks have been seen as enabling technologies, the innovations potential of which can be characterized by looking at technology complementarity, standardization, and intellectual property issues. With 6G, especially in combination with artificial intelligence, the mobile network will gain features of a general-purpose technology platform with specificities regarding the appropriability of value. This chapter will discuss the potential value appropriability and conditions in the context of 6G, as well as the instruments, processes, and outcomes of value appropriation in 6G, reflecting those against earlier developments. The chapter concludes with implications for innovation policy, regulatory authorities, firms, and entrepreneurs.
Hidden symmetry in the double copy
Authors: Ball Adam , Bencke Anna , Chen Yaxi , Volovich Anastasia
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We show that the Killing tensor of the Kerr spacetime has an analogue in the $$ \sqrt{\textrm{Kerr}} $$

Kerr

gauge theory solution related to it by the classical double copy. This hidden symmetry of $$ \sqrt{\textrm{Kerr}} $$

Kerr

leads to an additional constant of motion for color-charged point particles moving in it, implying integrability of the equation of motion. These are the gauge theory counterparts to the Carter constant and the integrability of the geodesic equation in a Kerr background.
$$ \mathcal{A} $$-theory — A brane world-volume theory with manifest U-duality
Authors: Hatsuda Machiko , Hulík Ondřej , Linch William D. , Siegel Warren D. , Wang Di , Wang Yu-Ping
Published: October 2023

Abstract

In this paper, the $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
-theory, an extension of F-theory, is described as a fully U-duality covariant brane theory. This theory has some distinguishing features not known from world-sheet models. In particular, seen as a sigma model, both world-volume and target space coordinates are specific representations of the same group (the U-duality group). The U-duality group in question is an exceptional group (a split form of the Ed series). The structure of this group allows it to encompass both the T-duality group of string theory as well as the general linear symmetry group of $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
-theory. $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
-theory is defined by the current algebras in Hamiltonian formalism, or by world-volume actions in Lagrangian formalism. The spacetime coordinates are selfdual gauge fields on the world-volume, requiring the Gauß law constraints tying the world-volume to spacetime. Solving the Gauß law constraints/the Virasoro constraints gives the world-volume/spacetime sectioning from $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
-theory to $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
-theory/$$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
-theory respectively. The $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
-theory Lagrangian admits extended symmetry which has not been observed previously in the literature, where the background fields include both the spacetime and the world-volume gravitational fields. We also constructed the four-point amplitude of $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
-theory in the low energy limit. The amplitude is written in a way that the U-duality symmetry is manifest, but after solving the section condition, it reduces to the usual four-graviton amplitude.

In the previous papers, we have referred to this model as F-theory, however, F-theory initiated by Vafa is now a big branch of string theory as the study of elliptic fibrations, so we refer to these constructions as generalized models of theory for all dimensions with all duality symmetries as $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
-theory.
A new approach to color-coherent parton evolution
Authors: Herren Florian , Höche Stefan , Krauss Frank , Reichelt Daniel , Schönherr Marek
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We present a simple parton-shower model that replaces the explicit angular ordering of the coherent branching formalism with a differentially accurate simulation of soft-gluon radiation by means of a non-trivial dependence of the splitting functions on azimuthal angles. We introduce a global kinematics mapping and provide an analytic proof that it satisfies the criteria for next-to leading logarithmic accuracy. In the new algorithm, initial and final state evolution are treated on the same footing. We provide an implementation for final-state evolution in the numerical code Alaric and present a first comparison to experimental data.