bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actual and Perceived Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Sample of Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors:   Rheumatology Department, Kirkuk Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health/Environment, Kirkuk, Iraq., Hamoud Istabraq Satam , Jassim Nizar Abdulateef ,   College of Medicine, University of Baghdad – Baghdad, Iraq.
Published: May 2024

Background: Independent of conventional risk factors, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aims of the study: To evaluate the actual and perceived 10-year CVD risk among Iraqi patients with RA as well as their level of knowledge about CVD risk. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 RA patients (85 females and 15 males) who visited Baghdad Teaching Hospital/Rheumatology Unit from January 2021 till July 2021. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was used to calculate the actual 10-year risk of CVD. The Heart Disease Fact-Rheumatoid Arthritis Questionnaire (HDFQ-RA) was used to assess the subjects’ cardiovascular disease knowledge. Results: Among a hundred Iraqi patients with RA, the median age was 51.23 ± 8.4 years. The findings of the study revealed that 23% had high risk for CVD and 27% & 50% had moderate and low risk respectively based on FRS calculator. The risk of CVD was significantly affected by the age of disease onset and seropositivity and steroid use (p value 0.001). When the perceived risk was compared to the actual risk of cardiovascular disease, there was a weak agreement between them, only 31% had corresponding answers. Conclusions: The study showed an elevated risk of CVD in rheumatoid arthritis patients, as well as a gap between actual and perceived CVD risk.
Role of Dynamic Ultrasound Scan in Detection of Hip Instability and Changing Management Plan
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B., Dip (Radiology), MD, Helena rehabilitation center, Erbil-Iraq., B. Yusra Almas , Jamal Berivan Ibrahim ,   FIBMS (Trauma and Ortho), Lecturer, school of medicine (UKH), Erbil-Iraq.
Published: May 2024

Objectives: To show the vital role of dynamic ultrasound in hip instability screening and review the management plans available for DDH associated with instability with a view to reduce the incidence of complication from delayed diagnosis in our region. Place and Duration of the study: Helena governmental rehabilitation center for children with special needs, Erbil-Iraq, between Nov’21 to Jan’23. Material and Method: This study included 942 infants’ hips presenting with high-risk indicators or a positive clinical examination ranging in age from 6 weeks to 6 months. We performed the ultrasonography using the static Graf technique to determine the DDH Types and then apply the dynamic scan to find stability using Moren-Terjesen’s and Harcke methods. The management approaches were conducted considering both techniques. We used SPSS version 28 along with Chi-square test for data analysis and comparison of proportions. Results: In this retrospective cross-sectional study of 942 hips, the mean age of the infants was 11.9±4.8 weeks with male to female percentage of 46% to 54%. We found a correlation between family history and breech presentation to the dynamic scan stability. In the Graf technique 55% showed the absence of dysplasia while the dynamic scan showed 66% of the hips as normal and 34% as unstable. Further, the significant statistical association (P= 0.001) between the results of dynamic scan stability to the effect on the management plan was also found to advise the change for the unstable hips. Conclusion: It is crucial to apply both static and dynamic scans in the screening of DDH, so that we can reduce the possibility of late detection and elevate the level of diagnostic accuracy. We should follow a strict guideline for the management of all DDH cases (stable and unstable) and change the plan accordingly.
Exploring the Morphometric Variations of Knee Menisci: Implications for Meniscal Injury and Surgical Interventions in Orthopedic Practice
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Anatomy, SBKSMIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Piparia Vadodara, Gujarat State India., Pandey Shashi Bhushan , Kulkarni Manoj ,   Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, SBKSMIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Piparia Vadodara, Gujarat State India.
Published: May 2024

Background: The knee menisci are pivotal for knee biomechanics and stability, yet meniscal injuries remain prevalent, necessitating a detailed understanding of meniscal morphology for effective clinical management. This study investigates the morphometric variations of knee menisci and their implications for injury mechanisms and orthopedic interventions. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 cadavers with intact knee joints. Morphometric parameters of the medial and lateral menisci were measured using digital calipers. Statistical analysis, including correlation analyses and significance testing, was performed using SPSS version 23 to explore associations between meniscal dimensions and knee morphology. Results: Significant variations in meniscal dimensions were observed, both within individuals and between the medial and lateral menisci. Correlation analyses revealed nuanced relationships between different morphometric parameters. Notably, weak correlations were found between meniscal dimensions and the lengths of adjacent bones, suggesting a complex interplay between meniscal morphology and knee anatomy. For instance, the correlation coefficient between the length of the femur and the outer circumference of the right medial meniscus was 0.215 (p = 0.291), indicating a moderate positive correlation, although not statistically significant. Similarly, the correlation coefficient between the length of the tibia and the inner circumference of the left lateral meniscus was -0.315 (p = 0.091), suggesting a moderate negative correlation, which also did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into knee meniscal morphometry and its clinical implications. The findings emphasize the importance of considering meniscal dimensions in diagnosing and managing meniscal injuries. Despite limitations such as sample size and the use of cadaveric specimens, the results contribute to orthopedic knowledge and highlight the need for further research to validate and expand upon these findings.
Effectiveness of Foam Rolling with Hip Strengthening versus Conventional Treatment in Iliotibial Band Tightness Among Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors:   Department of Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia., Alqahtani Bijad
Published: May 2024

Background: The iliotibial band (ITB) tightness contributes to pain and functional limitations in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. The effectiveness of foam rolling (FR) combined with ITB stretching exercises versus conventional treatment methods targeting ITB tightness has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these modalities on passive range of motion (PROM) during hip adduction in OA patients. Methods: Three groups of OA patients (Foam Rolling alone-Group A, Conventional Exercises + Foam Rolling-Group B, and Hip strengthening + Foam Rolling-Group C) were assessed over 14 treatment sessions using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and Ober's test for ITB tightness. Group A received foam rolling with hip strengthening, Group B underwent conventional treatment, and Group C was treated with a combination of methods. Results: All groups showed a marked decrease in WOMAC scores, indicating an improvement in pain and knee function. Group A exhibited a significant reduction in ITB tightness, with the mean Ober's test score initially increasing but then decreasing markedly by the 14th session. Group B and Group C also showed improvements, but Group A's protocol was the most effective in reducing ITB tightness. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that foam rolling with hip strengthening exercises is significantly effective in reducing ITB tightness and improving function in OA patients. This combination therapy may be considered a superior approach to conventional treatment methods for managing ITB-related symptoms in this population.
Influence of Factors on Career Intentions: A Cross-Sectional Study of Female Medical Students Pursuing Anesthesia Careers in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia., Aldobekhi Faris Suleiman Saleh
Published: May 2024

Background: The decision to pursue a medical career is influenced by a multitude of factors, including gender, family background, and socioeconomic status. Despite the multifaceted role of anaesthesia in critical care and disaster response, physician anesthesiologists remain underrepresented in Saudi Arabia and other developing countries, posing challenges to healthcare systems. This study explores the factors influencing career intentions among female medical students in Saudi Arabia regarding pursuing a career in anaesthesia. Aim: This study aims to identify factors influencing the career choice of anesthesia among female undergraduates, exploring associations with other sociodemographic variables. Methodology: A cross sectional study was done by using comprehensive questionnaire-based approach employed to gather data on demographic profiles, experiences during anaesthesia rotations, postgraduate training preferences, and perceptions of the field. Logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate associations between demographic variables and attitudes towards anaesthesia as a career choice. Results: Varied age distribution (9.9%-54.5%), predominantly Saudi nationals (90.4%), and diverse parental occupations, mainly in healthcare, including medicine (6.8%-47.7%), were observed in the study. Regression analysis identifies non-Saudi nationality as associated with a positive attitude (Odds Ratio = 4.9247, p = 0.050), while increasing undergraduate years correlate with decreased positive attitudes. Factors linked to negative attitudes include older age (>27) (Coefficient = 1.2668, p = 0.248), and non-Saudi nationality with higher log odds (Odds Ratio = 5.0054, p = 0.130). Key influencers include financial considerations, perceptions of respect and patient care, mentorship, and misconceptions. Attitudes towards anaesthesia evolved with advancing education years. Conclusion: This study sheds light on the nuanced factors shaping career intentions within the anaesthesia field among female medical students in Saudi Arabia. By understanding these influences, healthcare institutions and policymakers can develop tailored strategies to attract and retain talent, addressing the underrepresentation of physician anesthesiologists and promoting anaesthesia as a rewarding career path. Our study emphasizes the pivotal role of cultural context, clinical experiences, and tailored support mechanisms in shaping the career intentions of Saudi Arabian female medical students towards anaesthesia.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Enchroma Filters for Correcting Color Vision Impairment
Authors:   Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia. Pacific University, College of Optometry, Forest Grove, Oregon, USA., Almutairi Nawaf M. , Aljohani Saad M. ,   Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia., Hayes John ,   Pacific University, College of Optometry, Forest Grove, Oregon, USA., Kundart James ,   Pacific University, College of Optometry, Forest Grove, Oregon, USA., Alanazi Muteb K. ,   Optometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of Enchroma Cx-14 filters on individuals with Red-Green color vision deficiency (CVD). Methods: ColorDx and the Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) 100-Hue test were used to assess subjective reactions to Enchroma. The ColorDx and FM, 100 Hue test error scores were computed and contrasted using Placebo (untinted glasses) and Enchroma CX-14, red, and green filters. Results: The findings demonstrated that while enchroma filters improved the mistake score in only two patients, they had no discernible impact on any CVD subject's performance. In one protan participant and all deutan individuals, colour discrimination was greatly enhanced by the red filter. Green filters and Enchroma did not raise mean error scores. Conclusion: Enchroma filters had limited effectiveness in improving color perception for individuals with Red-Green CVD.
Specific Immune Marker Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors:   Institute of Genetic Engineering for Post graduate Study ,University of Baghdad., Shubrem Zainab Fayadh , Abbass Wathiq ,   Institute of Genetic Engineering for Post graduate Study ,University of Baghdad.
Published: May 2024

Background: The infection that caused the pneumonia, the virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the source of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the source of the global pandemic. The pneumonia cases began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and had no apparent reason. Essential inflammatory mediators Chemokines are necessary for an immune response to eliminate pathogens. However, the fundamental cause of hyperinflammation is their excessive release. Chemokines may be directly responsible for the acute respiratory illness syndrome in the current COVID-19 outbreak. Objective: The current study aimed to estimate hematological changes with immunogenic markers CD177, GNLY, and CXCR4 gene expression in COVID-19 patients, and compare these parameters among patients and healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and Medical Teaching Laboratories. Finally, to detect the immune markers level in samples of patients, by RT-PCR. Results: The results revealed the gene expression results in patients with COVID-19 means Ct difference of CD177 (24.70) fold more than (10.5) elevated when compared with the mean of Ct control healthy group is (28.21) fold of gene expression is 1.00 of CD177 when our study showed increased gene expression the mean of GNLY Ct receptor was reached to (28.70 ng/L) with fold more than 15.0 in COVID-19 patients, while mean Ct in healthy control was (32.61 ng/L) with fold 1.00, the current study found mean CT of CXCR4 gene expression ( 31.2) with fold (1.1) compared with healthy control CT(31.3) fold of gene expression was (1.0). Conclusion: It was concluded that COVID-19 caused significant changes in many immunological parameters and found the titer of immune markers was higher in infection compared with control.
The Role of Pharmacist Intervention in Improvement of Patient Adherhence to Medication and in preventing Complication After Bariatric Surgery
Authors:   B.S.c. pharmacy. Master in Pharmacy Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Sadr Medical City, Al-Najaf Health Directorate, Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq., Suker Safa Emad Jawad
Published: May 2024

Background: Bariatric surgery is the most successful treatment for obesity regarding the degree and duration of weight loss. Aim of the Study: Evaluate the impact of pharmacist educational intervention and training in improving patient adherence and its association with the prevention of clinical nutritional complications after bariatric surgery. Patient and Method: A randomized comparative interventional study was conducted in Najaf Governorate, Iraq. The Intervention group included 58 patients who received standard care and training educational and support programs. The standard care group included 58 patients who received standard care after Bariatric surgery. Results: In the intervention group, at 3 months of follow-up, the mean total score was 5.8 and increased to 6.7 at the 6 months. Conversely, the score decreased in the standard care group from 5.3 at 3 months to 2.2 at 6 months. In contrast to the standard care group, an inverse significant correlation was found between the number of incident complications and the total eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) at 3 and 6 months in the intervention group. Conclusion: The pharmacist intervention leads to better patient adherence to guidelines after Bariatric surgery which results in decreased complications at three and six months after surgery.
A Clinical Study of Orally Collagen Intake and Evaluation of the Effects on Human Skin Physiological Properties
Authors:   Kazlıçeşme R&D Center and Test Laboratories, 34956, Tuzla, İstanbul, Türkiye. Halavet Food Company, 34956, Tuzla, İstanbul, Türkiye., Ahi Zehra Betül , Arıcan Fatih ,   Kazlıçeşme R&D Center and Test Laboratories, 34956, Tuzla, İstanbul, Türkiye. Halavet Food Company, 34956, Tuzla, İstanbul, Türkiye., Sancaklı Aykut ,   Kazlıçeşme R&D Center and Test Laboratories, 34956, Tuzla, İstanbul, Türkiye. Halavet Food Company, 34956, Tuzla, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Published: May 2024

Today, food supplements have become an indispensable part of a healthy and balanced life, and one of them, collagen supplements especially support the healthy skin structure and have many positive effects on it. The present study is aimed that evaluating the effects of PROFIN® Collagen on healthy skin conditions such as skin hydration, wrinkles, and elasticity. With this aim, we conducted a prospective, single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-arm, parallel-design study to evaluate the effect of 12-week consumption of PROFIN® Collagen Hydrolysate on skin health. A total of 72 healthy female adults, aged between 40 and 65 with at least moderate eye wrinkles were randomized to receive 10 g of PROFIN® Collagen or placebo, once daily for 12 weeks. The majority (73(%)) of participants who took ‘Profin Collagen Hydrolysate’ had a statistical improvement (decrease) (p<0,05) in mean wrinkle length at Day 42, this improvement continued at the end of the intervention. Furthermore, compared with the placebo group, in placebo group transepidermal water loss results show that there was a significant increase after 6, and 12 weeks of administration, but not in PROFIN® Collagen group. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PROFIN® Collagen has a positive effect on skin wrinkles and water loss.
Blood Levels of micoRNA-21 in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iraqi Population
Authors:   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maysan. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kerbala., Lami Huda B. Al- , Ines Ouahchi ,   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine University of Soussa., Yassin Ammar Gany ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kerbala.
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is now regard as a worldwide health issue affecting hundreds millions of people. It is a metabolic disease targeting glucose metabolism and insulin homeostasis, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevent type of this disease accounting about 90-95% of the disease as whole. microRNAs (miRNAs) which are a small non-coding RNAs, they revolutionized as potential new biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of a wide range of disorders. Recent studies prove the relationship between miR-21 and inflammatory process and insulin resistance, our emphasis suggest there is a role of miR-21 in insulin resistance in T2DM. Studies have explored the potential of miR-21 as diagnostic biomarkers for T2DM. The purpose of this study is to compare the sera levels of miRNA-21 among newly diagnosed patients e with T2DM patients with their levels in apparently healthy subjects using blood samples. The time frame for this case-control research is August 2022 through March 2023, and it took place at Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital/ Masin / Iraq. There were 100 patients home recent diagnosed with T2DM (50 females and 50 males) with age ranged between (20 -70 years) and 100 apparently healthy subject who dealt with as control group. 2 ml of blood drown from each patient and healthy person, putted it in EDTA tube with 1 ml of Trizole as a preservative, and put the tubes in the freezer at -70 degrees Celsius until analyze the samples.
Expressions of CD80 and CD86 in Cancer Patients and Its Prognostic Significance
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq., Ismael Athraa , Jabbar Shilan ,   Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.
Published: May 2024

Background: Strategies for modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) have opened up new treatment paths in a variety of malignancies, with dramatic but variable intertemporal success. Consequently, studying TME's molecular players may aid in understanding how tumor cells and TME interact. Tumor cells and infiltrative tumor lymphocytes express immune checkpoint proteins including Cluster of Differentiation 80 (CD80) and CD86 on their surface. CD80 and CD86 are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). The costimulatory protein CD28, which is present on the outermost portion of all T cells, and the inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, also known as CD152) are ligands for CD86 and CD80. CD28 and CTLA-4 have essential yet opposing functions in T cell activation. T cell responses are stimulated when they bind to CD28, but they are suppressed when they connect to CTLA-4. Aim of the study: The goal of the study was to determine how much the CD80 and CD86 genes were expressed genetically. In five blood malignancies and ten solid tumors. Methods: Clinical specimen were collected from patient with different cancers attending Kirkuk oncology centre. Patients were categorised into two main groups: solid tumour group and Blood derived cancer group alongside with their control counterparts. The study investigated the genetic expression of the CD80 and CD86 genes using q RT-PCR technologies. Results: Using q RT- PCR we measured the expression of a gene CD80 /CD86. The results showed different levels of elevation in patient samples of solid tumors and hematological tumors and compared with the control group for this study First, evaluation of this marker CD80/CD86 in solid tumors showed a significant increase in patients with brain cancer compared to their counterparts in the control group. Secondly, the second solid tumor appears increased gene expression as ovarian cancer. The least expressed solid tumors are breast cancer. As for cancers that occur in the blood, lymphoma has an upregulation expression. And the least expression is CD80/CD86 were in ALL. Conclusion: There is evidence that several cancer types and immune cells have expressed CD80 and CD86. This investigation demonstrated that the cell surface markers CD80/CD86 have a role in progression of carcinomas of the brain.
Prevalence of Low Back Pain, Disability Among Dentists In Saudi Arabia: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors:   Department of Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia., Alzahrani Abdullah H.
Published: May 2024

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a major global health condition which affects individuals across various occupational groups. Dentists, specifically, are prone to experiencing LBP due to the physically demanding nature of their work. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of LBP among dentists. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out among dentists working in different regions in Saudi Arabia. Sociodemographic characteristics, Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability grading, self-perceived health were collected. SPSS version 20 was used to calculate frequency, percentage and p values. Results: Among 116 participants, majority 66 (56.9%) were males, 83 (71.5%) had Low back pain. Onset of LBP was gradual in 111(95.7%), majority (37%) have worked in health care profession for 6 to 10 years. Majority 52 (44.8%) work 5 days a week, 67 (80.7) had mild LBP. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBP was 71.5%. Occupational prevention activities should be planned to alleviate the presence of LBP among dentists.
Maternal Serum Amyloid a Level as a Novel Marker of Primary Unexplained Recurrent Early Pregnancy Loss
Authors:   Department of Gynecology & Obstructive, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq., Mohmmed Maha Jawad , Jasim Halah Razzaq ,   Department of Gynecology & Obstructive, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq., AL-Turiahi Azhar Mousa ,   Department of Gynecology & Obstructive, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq.
Published: May 2024

Background: Recurrent abortion affects 1-2% of women. Serum Amyloid A belongs to a family of apolipoproteins produced in response to cytokines released by activated monocytes and macrophages, isolated in the last 50 years. Our current study emphasizes human SAA protein as a sensitive biochemical marker for primary unexplained recurrent miscarriage. The aim of the current study is to examine the hypothesis that primary unexplained REPL might be associated with high maternal serum levels of SAA, which in turn could lead to defective trophoblastic invasion into the decidua, and subsequent pregnancy failure and miscarriage. Patients and Method: A prospective study (case control study) in Al-Zahraa Maternity Hospital, Najaf, Iraq, from first of January to the first of December of 2019. The study was conducted among 91 who were divided into two groups Group 1: women with missed miscarriage in the first trimester with at least two consecutive primary unexplained REPLs and no previous live births were enrolled. Group 2: A control group was formed of women with miscarriage no history of REPL who had at least one previous uneventful pregnancy with no adverse outcomes. Serum samples were collected to measure SAA levels. Result: The main outcome was the association between SAA and primary unexplained REPL. A total number of 91 participants. Mean SAA level was significantly higher among women with REPL than among women in the control group (P<0.001). The SAA level was dependent indicator of primary unexplained REPL, P<0.001 Elevated SAA levels found among women with primary unexplained REPL could represent biomarker for this complication of pregnancy. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that SAA is potentially a novel marker for primary unexplained REPL that warrants further investigation. For example, studies could be conducted to compare SAA levels among women with a history of primary unexplained REPL during the pregnant and non-pregnant states, as well as before and after miscarriage. In future, such studies might guide the timing for initiation of new treatments, such as gene therapy or the use of immune-receptor antagonists.
Effects of Aquatic Extracts of Cyperus Rotundus Tubers on the Level of Blood Sugar in Healthy and Diabetic Rats
Authors:   Biology Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Baha University, Saudi Arabia., Alzahrani Magbolah Salem Helal
Published: May 2024

In this investigation, the effectiveness of aquatic extracts of Cyperus rotundus tubers was examined. The aerial parts of the curly plant (Teucrium polium) and the fruits of the carob plant (Prosopis farcta) help reduce levels of glucose, cholesterol, and blood triglyceride levels of healthy male rats and those with induced diabetes. With alloxan and compared with the effect of insulin. It has been shown that aqueous extracts of saad, jaada, and carob caused the levels of the blood sugar decreasing significantly. In healthy plus rats with diabetes. The results of this study show that the aqueous extract of Saad tubers caused a significant decrease in the lipid and cholesterol content of all but the aquatic extract of carob fruits prompted a notable drop in the quantity of triglycerides only, while the aqueous extract did not change the aerial parts of the increase in the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in rats with diabetes.
La actividad lúdica en la enseñanza del Derecho Ambiental.
Authors: Vazquez -Pérez Jeissy , Morales -Álvarez Mariceily , Arias -Sánchez Arturo Manuel
Published: May 2024

Este trabajo aborda un análisis en relación con la necesidad de que existe un método de aprendizaje más fresco y novedoso sobre la educación medioambiental y el patrimonio natural de nuestra nación, tendente a los cambios que la sociedad y el estudiantado van teniendo, es decir, un modo completo de enseñanza que sea capaz de surtir efectos en los ideales del estudiante en los momentos de hoy en día, dicha técnica es la actividad lúdica (actividad de juego). Un pasaje por ambas normas ¨Del Sistema de los Recursos Naturales y el Medio Ambiente¨, en donde se plasma una comparación entre la norma vigente de 16 de mayo de 2022 y la derogada de 11 de julio de 1997, para evidenciar las singularidades existentes entre una ley y otra. Se evidencia que la enseñanza es parte indispensables del desarrollo intelectual de todas las personas, por ello la necesidad de fortalecerla, por lo que es indispensable apoderarse de herramientas efectivas e implementarlas a la hora de impartir ese conocimiento.
Application of Euler and Werner deconvolution techniques in delineating tin deposit in Okeso area, Southwestern, Nigeria
Authors: I. O. FOLORUNSO , MAGAJI YUSUF , AJADI JIMOH , ISSA UMAR
Published: May 2024

The Okeso pegmatites field was evaluated using magnetic method within abandoned mining site close to the southeastern region of Ojoku area. The study aims to delineate, identify geological boundaries and determine depth of tin deposits in the area. The acquired magnetic data was enhanced with the combination of 3D Euler and Werner deconvolution methods. Five magnetic profiles were selected and carried out on the residual anomalies around the abandoned mine site at Okeso with three of the profile lines were in the NW-SE direction and two in the NE-SW direction. The residual magnetic anomalies showed the magnetic susceptibilities of ≤ 4.5118 × 10−3 nT in the ore bearing pegmatite within the basement rocks. Results from profiles of Werner deconvolution identified some shallow tectonic structures like fractures, pegmatites and faults which are capable of hosting metallic tin deposits. The depth to the magnetic source varies from a minimum to a maximum of 300 m to 1200 m below the subsurface in all selected profiles, suggesting the shallow nature of the magnetic source in the area. Additionally, the dip angle ranges from 5.60 to 81.20, potentially attributed to Pan-African shallow structures according to the contact model. Solutions obtained from the structural index of contact and dyke reveals the presence of dyke formation and boundaries which separate rocks from one another. The trend of the lineaments/ fractures which were likely established during the Pan-African orogeny is dominant in the NE-SW direction, conforms with the trends obtained for basement structures in previous studies. Depth range produced by 3D Euler deconvolution is from 50 - 1000 m for all the lineaments. This gives an insight of approximate depth range of all the lineaments/ fractures across the whole map in the study area unlike, Werner deconvolution which is profile biased. The identical signature from all profiles implies that the tin deposit is relatively uniform, extending to a great depth in the area. This represents economically viable quantity and makes it a worthy target for investors.
The relationship of rights and obligations: questions of theory
Authors: Popovych T. P.
Published: May 2024

It is indicated that, in the modern period of conflicting legal norms, one of the means of ensuring the implementation and observance of constitutional obligations is the responsibility and sanctions of the norms of the current legislation.
It is noted that in the modern world, with the rapid development of society, the issue of compliance with law and morality is becoming more and more necessary and relevant. That is why considerable attention should be paid to the consideration, analysis and research of these two concepts. Today, law and morality depend on each other. Norms of morality and law are the most widespread and quite important for society. They are intertwined in the process of social regulation, their demands coincide in many respects: what law allows or prohibits, and morality encourages or condemns. The interaction of morality and law in society is a very complex and diverse process. Strongly influencing morality, law contributes to its intensive implementation in the minds of all members of society, at the same time, under the influence of moral requirements, law constantly improves and elevates its role as a social regulator of social relations.
The author emphasizes that the attitude to rights and duties in the context of a person’s legal status creates a rather complex problem for ethics and morality. On the one hand, theorists fix such qualities of moral demands as universality and a high level of commonality. Ethical theory in the sense of attitude to rights and duties inevitably uses as one of its bases the moral ideas of “ordinary man” or “ordinary human mind”. It cannot simply ignore moral intuitions, although it can make attempts to discredit some of them, especially if they contradict the main body of moral convictions and are not accompanied by absolute certainty. However, moral duties to have a different character. They are an integral component of the normative system of universal morality and have an almost axiomatic character for the “ordinary person”.
The situation of bringing to justice of a deliberately innocent person
Authors: Skrypnyk Kseniya
Published: May 2024

The aim of the work is the research such a feature of the objective side as the situation of a criminal offense provided for in Article 372 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The topicality is due to the lack of scientific development of the situation of bringing to justice of a deliberately innocent person, which leads to its neglect in practical activities when establishing the objective side of the crime.
The methodological basis of the study is the complex of such methods as empirical, general logical and special legal methods, since the research of the problem of the situation requires the use of a wide toolkit of methodology. For example, empirical methods were used to study the practical implementation of normative prescriptions in judicial practice. The comparative legal method was necessary for a qualitative comparison of adjacent and competing criminal offenses in order to distinguish them. In addition, the terminological approach was applied to clarify the definition of the situation, which was not only contained in the science of criminal law for its unambiguous understanding.
The article consistently examines the general concept of the circumstances of the commission of a crime in various aspects, first of all, in criminal law and criminalistics, as well as the need to establish the situation during the investigation of all criminal offenses, regardless of its fixation in the disposition of an article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It was analyzed the circumstances of the commission of the crime provided for in Article 372 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which is not enshrined in the specified article, but directly follows from its content and is the obligatory feature of the objective side, because the commission of this crime outside the pre-trial investigation excludes qualification by this article of the Criminal Code. The practical significance of the research lies in the theoretical provision of pre-trial investigation and trial with the aim of properly establishing all the circumstances relevant to the case and the correct qualification of a person’s actions under Article 372 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. According to the results of the conducted research, the definition of the situation of bringing to justice of a deliberately innocent person is singled out. It was determined that the commission of this crime is possible only during and under the conditions of a pre-trial investigation, which would simultaneously be the stage of criminal proceedings, the period of time of its conduct, and the procedural activity of authorized persons.
Validating a Long Qualitative Interview Schedule
Authors: Prescott Francis J.
Published: May 2024

This paper describes the process of validating a long qualitative interview whose aim was to discover the views and teaching practices of teachers of an important first-year university course. The course was important because it prepared the students for the academic requirements of studying at the university. An in-depth qualitative interview with the course teachers was deemed to be the most effective tool for the purpose, given the practical constraints of the research setting. The study describes the design and validation of the interview schedule, based initially on McCracken’s four-step model (1988) for producing an open-ended interview schedule. A 10-point plan for the validation of the interview was devised and carried out. This involved analysis of literature and documents, self-reflection, semi-structured interviews with teachers and students, preparation of a provisional schedule, expert feedback on this, and finally the piloting of the schedule. The pilot interview, which lasted for an hour and 20 minutes, showed that the questions were capable of eliciting rich data on the thinking and practice of the interviewee. It was also effective in highlighting several ways in which the schedule could be improved both through the interviewee feedback and the experience of actually doing the interview. By describing this process in detail, it is intended that the study will serve the purpose of demonstrating how to go about validating such a research instrument for novice researchers.
Investigating Hungarian EFL Learners' Comprehension of and Attitudes towards Speech Varieties of English: A Two-phase Study
Authors: Feyér Bálint
Published: May 2024

The aim of the present research is to investigate Hungarian EFL learners’ comprehension of English speech varieties, and how the learners relate to accents of English on the level of attitudes, using the theoretical framework of English as a lingua franca. The investigation includes two phases: a quantitative questionnaire study with a comprehension task complemented by a qualitative follow-up study. The participants of the first phase consist of 62 secondary school learners of English; 5 learners from the same population participate in the follow-up study. The findings reveal that the RP (received pronunciation) English speech variety recorded for ELT purposes is the most understandable for the learners, while unfamiliar or non-native accents pose a considerable challenge to understanding. Comprehension is influenced by a set of intertwined factors, including proficiency, language awareness and exposure to English speech. The participants are generally more appreciative of native speaker speech varieties, while they judge non-native varieties unfavourably, attaching further meanings and values to accents. The learners’ judgement of speech varieties is related to their identity as well as their personal and cultural affiliations, which also seems to be related to their motivation.
The Motivational Disposition of English Language Teacher Trainees
Authors: Bosnyák Júlia , Gáncs Nikolett
Published: May 2024

It has been suggested that teacher motivation has a profound effect on the motivation of language learners. While the motivational disposition of students is widely researched, that of teachers has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Even less attention has been dedicated to the understanding of teacher trainees’ motivation. The present research aims to fill this gap by means of an interview study with four English language teacher trainees in Hungary with the aim of exploring their attitudes and motivation; to find out how their attitudes and motivation have changed during one year of training; and to see whether they have a strong intrinsic motivation to become teachers of English. Differences in the interviewees’ reasons for pursuing a degree in teaching, with both intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors present, and differences in their career intentions were found. The study also reveals that the interviewees have somewhat negative attitudes towards the teacher training programmes they attend.
The Teacher's Role in Generating and Maintaining the Motivation of Adult Learners of English in a Corporate Environment: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kálmán Csaba
Published: May 2024

It has been confirmed by numerous studies that teachers play a significant role in creating and maintaining the motivation of learners of English as a foreign language (see for example, Dörnyei & Csizér (1998); Mezei & Csizér (2005); Roth et al. (2007); Radel et al. (2010); Dörnyei & Ushioda (2011)). Nevertheless, if we narrow down the scope of inquiry to the motivation of adult learners of English aged between 25 and 60, in an English as a foreign language (EFL) context, we can find very few empirical studies. Some exceptions are Shoaib and Dörnyei’s (2005), Szaszkó’s (2007), and Murray’s (2011) research of adult learners of English. Even though all of the above studies are concerned with the motivation of adult learners, none of them address specifically the teacher’s impact on motivation, let alone in a corporate environment. In order to fill this niche and investigate this impact, two semi-structured interview guides (one for students, and one for human resources managers) were developed, validated, and piloted. The data elicited during the interviews proved that the instruments were valid, and the findings underpin the importance of teacher - learner communication, tailor-made teaching and the professionalism of the teacher in enhancing adult learners’ motivation in a corporate context.
MA Students' Foreign Language Learning Motivation and Autonomy in an International Learning Context
Authors: Smid Dávid
Published: May 2024

How motivated and autonomous are tertiary-level students of English? What role does their national cultural background play in their learner profiles? Research in these areas does not seem to abound. However, since advanced learners have relatively long foreign language learning histories, they could provide valuable insights into the phenomenon in focus. This article discusses the language learning motivation and learner autonomy of MA Applied Linguistics students in Barcelona originating from a variety of countries, including Spain, China, and Japan. Its theoretical framework rests on the process model of L2 motivation (Dörnyei & Ottó, 1998). A small-scale qualitative study was carried out using retrospective interviews as an instrument for data collection. It was learned that MA students are highly motivated, committed to their goals, and possess significant learner autonomy. Different patterns emerged across the examined national cultural backgrounds in learning environment preference, management of time, concept of learner autonomy, and performance history attribution. Pedagogical implications include that university teachers of EFL should be prepared to teach in a multicultural class and promote intercultural skills.
Ouder, kind en professional op dezelfde pagina; implementatie en evaluatie van een voor clienten toegankelijk jeugddossier in een Nederlandse Centrum voor Jeugd en Gezondheid
Authors: Benjamins Janine
Published: May 2024

Dit promotieonderzoek, uitgevoerd in de Centra voor Jeugd en Gezin op de Noord-Veluwe, onderzocht het Noordveluwse Jeugddossier, een voor ouders en jongeren volledig toegankelijk dossier. Het dossier werd gebruikt door JGZ- en Jeugdhulp professionals en stelde ouders, en jongeren vanaf 12 jaar, in staat om alle dossierinhoud te lezen, afspraken te beheren en te communiceren met professionals. Het doel was te evalueren of het gebruik van het Jeugddossier persoonsgerichte geïntegreerde zorg voor jeugd bevorderde, afgemeten aan toegenomen autonomie bij jongeren en ouders, groeiende interprofessionele samenwerking, en verbeterde ervaren kwaliteit van zorg.
Het onderzoek omvatte een literatuuronderzoek, procesevaluatie van de ontwikkeling en implementatie, en een effectevaluatie. Het toonde aan dat ouders en jongeren meer autonomie ervoeren, vooral wanneer zij actief gebruik maakten van de inzagefunctie. Ze voelden zich beter geïnformeerd en meer betrokken, wat leidde tot meer persoonsgerichte zorg. Het dossier vergrootte het vertrouwen in dataveiligheid en bevorderde snellere communicatie met het CJG. Interprofessionele samenwerking verbeterde, hoewel dit niet significant was in kwantitatieve uitkomsten, mede door verschillen tussen organisaties,  en ervaren knelpunten in dossiervoering en privacydilemma's.
Voor kwetsbare groepen zoals praktisch opgeleiden en mensen met een migratieachtergrond bleek het dossier bij gebruik een onverwachts grote meerwaarde te hebben, ondanks een lagere adoptie. Professionals speelden een cruciale rol in het stimuleren van gebruik en in het bevorderen van autonomie.
De studie concludeert dat een cliënt-toegankelijk dossier bijdraagt aan persoonsgerichte zorg, in het bijzonder voor kwetsbare groepen. Het benadrukt de rol van professionals in het bevorderen van autonomie en het belang van organisatorische ondersteuning voor effectieve samenwerking. De implementatie van zo'n dossier is complex en vereist een verandering in gedrag van cliënten, professionals, en organisaties, en moet daarom zorgvuldig worden gepland en begeleid.
Development and Characterization of Edible Packaging Film Using Lignin Extracted from Coffee Silverskin
Authors: TUNC Miray , TUGRUL Nurcan
Published: May 2024

In this study, edible packaging films were developed by solvent casting method using lignin extracted from Costa Rican or Kenyan coffee silverskin and their barrier properties were investigated. Anise or cinnamon essential oil, glycerol or sorbitol or polyethylene glycol, and sodium alginate effects on the film properties were compared. The moisture content, swelling index and water vapor transmission rate analyses of the produced edible films were realized. Chemical structure analysis was done using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy device. Edible films plasticized with glycerol, have higher moisture content (23.21%), low swelling index (28.44%) and low water vapor transmission rate (0.7991*10-8(g/cm2.s)), than the films plasticized with sorbitol and polyethylene glycol. As a result, it was observed that coffee processing waste coffee silverskin, plasticized in preference with glycerol and mixed with anise or cinnamon essential oil, can be successfully used as a cost-effective lignin source for edible packaging film production.