bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osseous Microanatomy and Histochemical Characterization in Species, Gender Determination and Age Estimation
Authors: Grover Himani , Gulati Nikita , Juneja Saurabh , Shetty Devi Charan
Published: July 2022

Background: Bone is a tissue of particular interest, because the hard tissue of the skeleton is normally well preserved and details of microscopic structure can be seen in specimens many centuries old. The microscopic structure of bone can be utilized for identification of unknown bone samples in forensic odontology. Physical anthropologists may encounter complete or fragmentary specimens of bone in which standard anthropometric methods provide inconclusive or questionable information. If the histological structure of such material could reveal, with reasonable accuracy, details of species, age, and gender, it would be a useful and valuable laboratory tool. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections from biopsied lesions (5 cases each of goat bone, 5 cases of chicken bone specimen, 5 cases of human male bone specimen, 5 cases of human female bone specimen) was done. The variation of the trabeculae by measuring the average width of trabeculae, the average marrow space, and the ratio of the above two through morphometric analysis was assessed. The observational percentage variation amongst the species by number of osteons, osteocytes shape i.e., -spindle, elliptical and round, presence of inflammation was noted. The stroma and hard tissue for Collagen characterization (Special stains)Type, orientation and maturity using Picrosirus stain, Sub intimal fibrosis surrounding the bone using Van Gieson, Percentage of mature and immature bone pattern using Azan stain was analyzed. Result: Chicken bone shows absence of osteons in comparison to human bone with increased number of osteocytes. Goat bone shows plexiform pattern with scattered haversian canals more comparable to human bone architecture. Average human Haversian canal diameter was greater than non-human mammalian species. Azan staining helped in differentiation of mature from immature bone. Picrosirus staining helped in establishing collagen type, orientation and thickness. Sub intimal fibrosis surrounding the bone was checked using Van Gieson staining. Discussion: The complexities of bone tissue and its growth processes are such that misinterpretations of a critical nature can be made if the observer is not well informed on the multitude of basic details dealing with Osteogenesis, remodelling, and comparative histology. Conclusion: Bone histomorphological assessment is an effective method for species identification, gender determination and age estimation by fragmentary osseous remains.
Evaluation of Occupational Safety in the Operation and Maintenance Activities of Dams
Authors: AKBOĞA KALE Özge , AŞIKOĞLU Ömer Levend , BARADAN Selim
Published: July 2022

The accidents occurred during the operation/maintenance activities of US dams between 1984-2018 were analyzed from the OSHA database and 88 cases were selected. The objective of our study is to identify and investigate potential hazards and risk sources responsible for and affecting OHS performance in the operation/maintenance activities. Further, the factors responsible for injuries and fatalities happened during these activities are determined. It is found out that 5.2% of precaution negligence was related to the facility and wrong design and poor maintenance were the main negligence factors. The important point to be noted is that these negligence factors result in fatal accidents, albeit few. The results also show that machine safeguarding was not available or provided in most of the cases and 12.7% of those who had occupational accidents did not use appropriate PPE or did not use PPE at all.
Importance and Surgical Methods of Induction of Endometriosis and Osteoporosis Following Menopause in Rats: an Overview Study
Authors: Barzegar-Bafrouei Abolfazl , Javdani Moosa
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Endometriosis is one of the main causes of pelvic pain and subfertility, which is characterized by endometrial-like tissues outside the uterus and primarily is created in the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, walls between the rectum and vagina and in rare cases in the diaphragm, pleura and pericardium. Some risk factors for endometriosis are obstruction in menstrual hemorrhage, an increase in the duration of endogenous estrogen, short menstrual cycles and childbirth at an early age. On the other hand, osteoporosis is a metabolic disease that is determined by bone mineral density and the destruction of the bone microstructure that increases the risk of bone fracture. About 200 million people worldwide are suffering from osteoporosis, that 34% of them are women over 50 years old. The first and most commonly used model for the induction of this disease is the ovariectomy model in rats, which gives a model of the relationship between osteoporosis and menopause.
Conclusion: Endometriosis animal models are highly contributing to the development of new non-invasive diagnostic tools and improve therapeutic methods for treatment of endometriosis in women. Although no animal models are absolutely ideal and excellent, but the presence of many similarities in the response of the human skeletal system and rats to reduce estrogen levels and therapeutic compounds caused by the ovariectomy model of the rat, a suitable model for osteoporosis research. The response of rat bones to ovariectomy depends on the type of bone (trabecular against cortical), bone sites (femur, proximal Tibia, and lumbar vertebrae) and it depends on the time elapsed after ovariectomy (the time required to reduce the amount of estrogen levels).
Evaluation of Morphological Changes in Muscle Fibers and Neuronal Terminals of Motor Neurons in Male Rats from Childhood to Old Age
Authors: Bagherpour Tabalvandani Mohammad Mahdi , Fadaei Chafy Mohammad Reza , Elmieh Alireza
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time and age on morphological changes in male rats.
Methods: For conducting this study, 15 male Wistar rats in three age groups of 2 weeks (150-100 g), 6 weeks (250-220 g) and 96 weeks (320-280 g) were kept in Pasargad Tissue and Gene Laboratory in Tehran City for six weeks and 48 hours later they were dissected and the soleus muscles was extracted. Cross-sectional area and number of muscle fibers were measured by light microscopy. Immunohistochemical method was used to measure sema3a and NCAM proteins of muscle fibers. To determine the differences between the groups, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test was used at the significant level of p≤0.05. Statistical analysis was performed by Prism5 software.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the cross section of muscle fibers between the three age groups: children and young people (p=0.01), children and the elderly (p=0.049), and finally young people and the elderly (p=0.049). There was also a significant decrease in the number of muscle fibers in the age group of elderly compared to children and elderly to young people (p≤0.001). Moreover, sema3a protein expression increased significantly over time between the age groups of children and young (p≤0.048), children and elderly (p=0.0001) and finally young and elderly (p=0.0001). NCAM protein expression significantly reduced in three age groups: children and young people (p=0.048), children and controls (p=0.0001), and young and elderly people (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The results showed that with increasing growth from childhood to youth, hypertrophy increases and decreases in old age, in addition the process of hyperplasia will decrease with age. In addition to proteins involved in axonal growth due to growth decrease and neurodegenerative proteins also increase.
Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Enzymes in Enterobacter Aerogenes Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Shahrekord City
Authors: Shantiaee Shima , Tajbakhsh Elahe , Momtaz Hasan
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Enterobacteriaceae produce the Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases which is considered as an important resistant mechanism of beta-lactam antibiotics. The resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the main problem in the bacterial infections therapy. The prevalence of these enzymes changes in different geographical areas and with time. The present study aims to explore the frequency of the extended-spectrum blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, in Enterobacter aerogenes isolated from urinary tract infections in Shahrekord City; the mentioned genes were investigated from the phenotypic and genotypic point of view.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, antibacterial susceptibility patterns of 50 isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes to Cefotaxim, Ceftazidim, Cefterixon and cephalotin were tested using disk diffusion (Kirby-Buer) method. In addition, confirmatory tests for detecting ESBLs phenotypes were performed using Ceftazidim-clavulanic acid and Cefotaxim- clavulanic acid combination disks. Then, the presence of blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, genes in the broad-spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains was assessed in the presence of specific primers.
Results: Out of 50 isolates of Enterobacter aerogenesis investigated in this study, 32 isolates (64%) were identified to produce broad-spectrum β-lactamases in the phenotypic study of ESBLS, and the prevalence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV was reported as 30%, 20% and 14%, respectively. In the statistical analysis, a statistically significant correlation was observed between resistance to the antibiotic ceftriaxone and the blaCTX-M, gene (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study suggests that ESBL producing Enterobacter aerogenes isolates have a high prevalence. The increase in the number of these species is often caused due to the irrational prescription of antibiotics, which requires the use of new antimicrobial agents and limiting the unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents and increasing the use of infection control tools.
THE REFUSAL OF REPRESENTATION: EXOFICTION BY MARIE DARRIEUSSECQ AND CAMILLE LAURENS
Authors: Muravieva Larissa E.
Published: July 2022

Modern French literature is marked by the flowering of hybrid genres. The article is devoted to the study of novels belonging to exofiction, one of the leading hybrid genres in modern French literature. At the heart of exofiction is the appropriation of someone else’s experience and the entering into someone else’s personal narrative. Instead of the chain of events that organizes the traditional biographical novel, the exofictional narrative focuses on filling in the gaps with the narrator’s personal experience, instead of representation, on the “perceptual autonomy of the narrator” (S.L. Dauthuille). The main motifs of exofictional prose are both the exploration of someone else’s biography and work with the archive, as well as affectivity, which exposes the connection of the narrative to the subject experience. This article deals with two novels by contemporary French women writers: “Être ici est une splendeur” (2016) by Marie Darrieussecq and “La petite danseuse de quatorze ans” (2017) by Camille Laurens. At the center of the narrative of both novels is the story of a biographical character: the German expressionist painter Paula Modersohn-Becker and Marie Geneviève Van Goethem, a dancer at the Paris Opera who posed for Dega’s famous sculpture. Both texts reveal similar thematic areas, in particular, the recontextualization of social and gender issues and the redefinition of the status of women in art, as well as common narrative and genre conventions. These include the hybridization between novel, biography, essay, and research; the special status of the intradiegetic narrator; self-reflexive strategies; as well as the problematization of the boundaries between real and fiction. However, the refusal of representation plays a special role, emphasizing the distinctive dimension of the exofiction. This article analyses the novels by C. Laurens and M. Darrieussecq and identifies genre characteristics of exofiction that works with the specific experience of “Einfühlung”. In analyzing the novels, I explore the aesthetic, ethical and narrative strategies chosen by female writers to work in the hybrid genre. Finally, it is shown how exofiction works with the rejection of representation and how the optics of “women’s writing” supports it.
THE FRAGMENTEDNESS OF MEMORY IN BEAT-LITERATURE
Authors: Zhilyakov Nikita A.
Published: July 2022

The article examines the fragmented structure of the novels of beatnik writers, and the relationship of the fragment with the processes of memory representation in their novels. The purpose of the study is to trace the Beatniks’ understanding of the fragmentedness of human memory and to determine its artistic functions in their works. The article analyzes the early texts of the Beatniks, such as J. Kerouac’s “On the Road” and W. Burroughs’ “Junkie”, where the fragmented nature of memory is related to the authors’ autobiographies, aesthetic ideas of the Beat Generation and modernist writing. ‘Fragment of memory’ in the early novels of these writers serves as the means of self-knowledge and the way of expressing the subjective authors’ worldviews through the fragmented composition of the texts. The functions of the fragment in W. Burroughs’ “The Naked Lunch” are also revealed. The writer comes close to the comprehending of the fragmentedness in terms of postmodern uncertainty and deconstruction of human consciousness and memory.
FOREVER ALIVE: FRAGMENTS IN “CARGO 200” BY ALEXEY BALABANOV
Authors: Razogreeva Anna M.
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes Alexey Balabanov’s film “Cargo 200”, using the concept of “fragment” by Linda Nochlin. The theory of the fragment makes it possible to identify individual items and images in the filmic space as autonomously functioning objects whose potential goes beyond the limits of a specific film text. The author’s assembly of the selected material and symbolic fragments not only reminds of the forever gone past (what the “ruin” does), but constructs new connections, new cultural consumption. In this way, Balabanov’s fragment in its meaning approaches the concepts of “trace” and “ghost”, but it has the ability to reincarnate and gains a greater cultural vitality. The article uses the materials of the script, public discussions about the film with the participation of the director and film critics. The official media sources cited allow us to actualize the cultural meanings of objects (red T-shirt, shoes, sneakers), images and popular songs, used by Balabanov inside the plot of 1984, recreated by the director; from the late Soviet retrospective; from 2007 of the film creation, and subsequent (re) deconstructions of the Soviet.
Caminar, pedalear, conducir: Determinantes urbanos de la movilidad activa
Authors: Ríos-Llamas Carlos , Hernández-Vázquez Samuel
Published: July 2022

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de mostrar cuáles son los factores urbanos determinantes de la movilidad activa en las ciudades, como el uso del auto, la bicicleta y la caminabilidad, a partir de una revisión documental de publicaciones del periodo 2019-2020. La metodología consiste en una selección de textos científicos en revistas indizadas. Se analizaron 30 artículos que tratan sobre la relación entre el espacio urbano y la movilidad activa por medio de codificaciones y redes procesadas en ATLAS.ti para identificar los principales determinantes y sus vínculos. De acuerdo con los resultados, entre los factores más importantes para entender la movilidad activa están las áreas verdes, los aspectos sociodemográficos, el diseño del vecindario, la infraestructura ciclista y las actividades de esparcimiento. Además, se consideran los procesos urbanos de ciudades latinoamericanas para proponer criterios de intervención que promuevan la movilidad activa.
Desafíos a la evaluación de la investigación orientada a la movilización del conocimiento en transición hacia la ciencia abierta: un análisis a partir del caso de los Grupos de Trabajo del Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales
Authors: VOMMARO PABLO , ROVELLI LAURA
Published: July 2022

Diversos debates e iniciativas recientes vuelven a posicionar en un primer plano la necesidad de reforma de la evaluación de la investigación y su mayor ligadura con la sociedad, a partir de una creciente apertura, colaboración y participación en el plano del conocimiento, siguiendo algunos de los principios de transición hacia la ciencia abierta. Lo anterior acarrea múltiples desafíos para el diseño de instrumentos de promoción de la investigación y su evaluación. Tomando como caso una experiencia en el Área de Investigación del Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (Clacso), este artículo se propone describir y analizar los desafíos de la evaluación de la investigación orientada a la movilización del conocimiento, a partir de la configuración de los Grupo de Trabajo del Clacso, con foco en los criterios de la convocatoria 2019-2022. En particular, se exploran las características específicas de los criterios de evaluación involucrados en este programa y sus alcances en relación con la inclusión, apertura, colaboración e interacción con la sociedad. El abordaje es de corte cualitativo y se beneficia de la recolección de datos principalmente documentales relacionados con las bases de la convocatoria a los Grupos de Trabajo 2019-2022, las grillas de evaluación utilizadas y las acciones organizacionales promovidas en torno a algunos de los principios del acceso abierto y la ciencia abierta.
¿Ayudar al Estado a pensar? Sobre las dinámicas de interacción entre la investigación social y la política
Authors: ALONSO MAURO , PERROTTA DANIELA , RICCONO GUIDO
Published: July 2022

La discusión sobre las contribuciones que hace el conocimiento social al proceso de toma de decisiones de políticas públicas es un tema nodal de la problematización sobre la relación ciencia- Estado y conocimiento-política. La conceptualización de la movilización del conocimiento científico supone una propuesta interesante para la reflexión y problematización de esa compleja relación y ofrece algunos indicios para situar las dinámicas de interacción entre los procesos de producción de conocimiento de las ciencias sociales y los agentes extraacadémicos que pueden apropiarse y usar los resultados de la investigación social. En este trabajo, construyendo sobre aportes previos, discutimos sobre las dinámicas de movilización de conocimiento científico en ciencias sociales, en particular para el campo de la ciencia política, revisitando diversos emergentes analíticos que observan la relación academia-entorno, y presentamos algunas conclusiones de base empírica de un trabajo de campo sobre percepciones de investigadores de las ciencias sociales sobre el proceso de producción de conocimiento, las estrategias y formas de interacción, y los principales usuarios de sus investigaciones. En primer lugar, el trabajo caracteriza el campo regional de la ciencia política y sus dinámicas; en segundo lugar, problematizamos los enfoques teórico-analíticos que analizan la relación entre el modo de producción de conocimiento y sus dinámicas de uso y apropiación social, y, finalmente, la tercera sección introduce los primeros emergentes de base empírica de un estudio en curso sobre las dinámicas de interacción entre investigadores sociales y usuarios extraacadémicos.
Acuerdo de paz y posacuerdo colombiano, ¿expectativa o realidad?
Authors: Osorio Palacio Valentina
Published: July 2022

En el presente artículo el método de investigación utilizado es el analítico-sintético, identificando desde causas y naturaleza del conflicto armado en Colombia, consecuencias dejadas en la población afectada por la violencia, hasta llegar a sus críticas en la construcción de paz y posacuerdo real para toda la población colombiana. Se examina la disimilitud entre lo que se pretendió con el Acuerdo Final y la realidad social colombiana después de la firma del Acuerdo. Adicionalmente, se acudió al metaanálisis de las cifras presentadas por la Organización de Naciones Unidas en la verificación del cumplimiento del Acuerdo Final, las cifras obtenidas por el Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica y los Informes presentados por organizaciones promotoras de los derechos humanos; ello con el fin de estimar el cumplimiento de los compromisos adquiridos por las partes en el Acuerdo Final, con relación al posacuerdo real, en el cual Colombia debería estar.
El delito de producción de material pornográfico infanto-juvenil en Chile. Especial atención al bien jurídico protegido y algunos problemas concursales
Authors: Carnevali Rodríguez Raúl , Salazar Zenteno Cristóbal
Published: July 2022

El delito por producción de material pornográfico infanto-juvenil fue introducido en Chile en el año 2004 con el fin de comprender una serie de comportamientos relacionados con la pornografía de menores. De esta manera, además de la producción, también se tipifica la distribución, exhibición o difusión de material pornográfico, como su adquisición o almacenamiento. Ciertamente, se pueden presentar problemas interpretativos no menores que requieren ser resueltos, en este caso, no solo respecto a los delitos mencionados, sino también con otras figuras vinculadas al orden sexual. Por esta razón, el trabajo está dirigido a precisar la figura de la producción regulada en el artículo 366 quinquies del Código penal, particularmente atendiendo a su bien jurídico protegido. En este sentido, se estima que se trata de un delito pluriofensivo, pues no solo se protege la indemnidad o la libertad sexual, sino también el derecho a la propia imagen, intimidad y honra del menor, entendiendo que la actividad productiva, en cuanto captación gráfica de una imagen, puede suponer un riesgo de divulgación o difusión. Considerando lo anterior, se pretende resolver los problemas concursales que se pueden presentar.
The Effectiveness of Chitosan to Increase Body Resistance of Sangkuriang Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Against Aeromonas hydrophila Attack
Authors: Mahatma Kresnha Radityo  , Rosidah  , Walim Lili  , Roffi Grandiosa Herman
Published: July 2022

This research aims to determine the optimal dose of chitosan that is appropriate to be given to commercial feed in increasing the immune system of sangkuriang catfish fry. The research was carried out in April – June 2021 at the Aquaculture Laboratory and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. This research used an experimental method of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The treatment used was the addition of chitosan to feed with doses of 0 g (A), 2.5 g (B), 5 g (C), 7.5 g (D), and 10 g (E). Maintenance of test fish for 14 days. Experimental fish were infected by Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with a density of 108 CFU/ml with 10 ml immersion method. Parameters observed included white blood cells, leukocyte differential, clinical symptoms, survival and water quality. Data on white blood cell count, and survival were analyzed by ANOVA, if there was a significant difference, Duncan's test was performed. Leukocyte differential data, clinical symptoms and water quality were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the addition of chitosan at a dose of 10 g was effective for improving the immune system performance of catfish fry. During 14 days of chitosan administration, the white blood cell count increased by 41.60% from the value of 13.96 × 104 cells/mm3 to 23.90 × 104 cells/mm3. The 10 g chitosan treatment was an effective dose to stimulate differential leukocytes in catfish to improve the immune system, it was also marked by the fastest clinical symptom recovery period and the highest survival rate after the challenge test, which was 96.6%.
CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ATEZOLIZUMAB + VEMURAFENIB + COBIMETINIB COMBINATION AND NIVOLUMAB + IPILIMUMAB COMBINATION: ADMINISTRATION IN METASTATIC MELANOMA TREATMENT WITH BRAF-CONFIRMED MUTATION IN ADULT PATIENTS
Authors: Krysanov I. S. , Makarova E. V. , Ermakova V. Yu.
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study was to conduct a pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the atezolizumab, vemurofenib and cobimetinib (ATZ+VM+COB) combination and the nivolumab and ipilimumab (NIVO+IPI) combination for the treatment of BRAF-confirmed metastatic melanoma in adult patients.

Materials and methods. With the help of mathematical modeling methods, a pharmacoeconomic “cost-effectiveness” analysis; a “budget impact” analysis; a sensitivity analysis to the changes in the initial parameters of the model, were carried out.

Results. The analysis of literature sources made it possible to conclude that the combination of ATZ+VM+COB compared with the combination of NIVO+IPI (15.1 and 11.2 months, respectively) has a greater clinical efficacy in terms of a progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with metastatic melanoma. When choosing the ATZ+VM+COB combination, the total cost of treatment for one adult patient with metastatic melanoma per course was lower, compared to the NIVO+IPI combination (RUB 8 326 864.89 vs RUB 7 172 751.68); the difference amounted to 1 154 113.21 rubles. When calculating the “cost-effectiveness” ratio for a year of a progression-free survival, the advantage of the ATZ + VM + COB combination in comparison with the NIVO + IPI combination, remained (5 700 200.01 rubles vs 8 942 400.10 rubles); the difference amounted to 3 242 200.09 rubles. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated the developed model stability to an increase in the cost of the ATZ + VM + COB course up to + 16%, a decrease in the cost of the NIVO + IPI course to –13%, and a reduction in the PFS to –37% against the background of the ATZ + VM + COB course. The “budget impact” analysis showed the possibility of reducing costs by 8 655 849.11 rubles with an increase from 5% to 20% in the proportion of the patients administrated with the ATZ+VM+COB combination, and with a decrease from 95% to 80% in the proportion of the patients administrated with the NIVO+IPI combination.

Conclusion. The results of the work have shown that within the healthcare system of the Russian Federation, the triple combination of ATZ+VM+COB is a clinically cost-effective option for the treatment of adult metastatic melanoma patients with a confirmed BRAF mutation.
Student Information Searching for Library and Information Science Study Program Padang State University: Ellis Model Analysis
Authors: Wahyulianti Rani , Ardoni
Published: July 2022

This study aims to describe the information-seeking behavior of students of the Library and Information Science Study Program in searching for information. This research is quantitative research with a descriptive method. The population in this study were library and information science students totaling 288 people with a sample of 75 people. Sampling was determined based on the simple random sampling technique which is a random sampling technique without regard to the existing strata in the population. The data of this study were obtained through the distribution of questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out descriptively with the formula for calculating relative frequency and percentage. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the information-seeking behavior of students of the Library and Information Science Study Program in searching for information as a whole is positive. These results are known from the average score obtained which is 2.92, this score is on an interval scale of 2.52 - 3.27.
Gift authorship: Two more contexts
Authors: Dilip TR
Published: July 2022

The emergence of multi-centric studies and collaborative research between institutions within and outside the country, and of research led by authors who are from the same family, has led to notable changes in the production of public health research evidence from India. There is a potential risk of research publications overlooking the well known ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) criteria for authorship, with the provision of gift authorship to researchers who can facilitate faster access to Indian data for such collaborative research. The paper calls for action to reduce the practice of gift authorship in these research settings.
J.N. Hobbs Medal 2022: Citation - Jon Coleman
Authors:   Birds Queensland, Noske Richard , Bush Robert ,   Birds Queensland
Published: July 2022

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Full-Length Genomic RNA of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus is Infectious for Cattle by Injection
Authors: Keck Hanna , Litz Benedikt , Hoffmann Bernd , Sehl-Ewert Julia , Beer Martin , Eschbaumer Michael
Published: July 2022

Safe sample transport is of great importance for infectious diseases diagnostics. Various treatments and buffers are used to inactivate pathogens in diagnostic samples. At the same time, adequate sample preservation, particularly of nucleic acids, is essential to allow an accurate laboratory diagnosis. For viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes of positive polarity, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), however, naked full-length viral RNA can itself be infectious. In order to assess the risk of infection from inactivated FMDV samples, two animal experiments were performed. In the first trial, six cattle were injected with FMDV RNA (isolate A22/IRQ/24/64) into the tongue epithelium. All animals developed clinical disease within two days and FMDV was reisolated from serum and saliva samples. In the second trial, another group of six cattle was exposed to FMDV RNA by instilling it on the tongue and spraying it into the nose. The animals were observed for 10 days after exposure. All animals remained clinically unremarkable and virus isolation as well as FMDV genome detection in serum and saliva were negative. No transfection reagent was used for any of the animal inoculations. In conclusion, cattle can be infected by injection with naked FMDV RNA, but not by non-invasive exposure to the RNA. Inactivated FMDV samples that contain full-length viral RNA carry only a negligible risk of infecting animals.
Combining Awake Anesthesia with Minimal Invasive Surgery Optimizes Intraoperative Surgical Spinal Cord Stimulation Lead Placement
Authors: Rigoard Philippe , Ounajim Amine , Goudman Lisa , Wood Chantal , Roulaud Manuel , Page Philippe , Lorgeoux Bertille , Baron Sandrine , Nivole Kevin , Many Mathilde , Cuny Emmanuel , Voirin Jimmy , Fontaine Denys , Raoul Sylvie , Mertens Patrick , Peruzzi Philippe , Caire François , Buisset Nadia , David Romain , Moens Maarten , Billot Maxime
Published: July 2022

Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) is an effective and validated treatment to address chronic refractory neuropathic pain in Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome-Type 2 (PSPS-T2) patients. Surgical SCS lead placement is traditionally performed under general anesthesia due to its invasiveness. In parallel, recent works have suggested that Awake Anesthesia (AA), consisting in Target Controlled Intra-Veinous Anesthesia (TCIVA), could be an interesting tool to optimize lead anatomical placement using patient intra-operative feedback. We hypothesized that combining AA with Minimal Invasive Surgery (MIS) could improve SCS outcomes. The goal of this study was to evaluate SCS lead performance (defined by the area of pain adequately covered by paraesthesia generated via SCS), using an intraoperative objective quantitative mapping tool, and secondarily to assess pain relief, functional improvement and change in quality of life with a composite score. We analyzed data from a prospective multicenter study (ESTIMET) to compare the outcomes of 115 patients implanted with MIS under AA (MISAA group) or General Anesthesia (MISGA group), or by Laminectomy under General Anesthesia (LGA group). All in all, MISAA appears to show significantly better performance in terms of patient pain coverage, as well as improved secondary outcomes. One step further, our results suggest that MISAA combined with intra-operative hypnosis could potentialize patient intraoperative cooperation and could be proposed as a personalized package offered to PSPS-T2 patients eligible for SCS implantation in highly dedicated neuromodulation centers.
Сomposition and Ecological Structure of the Fauna of Litter and Soil True Bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera) in Kazakh Upland (Central Kazakhstan) PineForests
Authors: Abukenova Veronika S. , Slavchenko Nadezhda P. , Kartbayeva Gulnaz , Myrzabayev Amanay B. , Yeshmagambetova Alia B. , Duzbayeva Nazira M. , Kabbassova Malika T. , Abukenova Almira K.
Published: July 2022

We assessed true bugs among above-groundand and soil inhabitants of four different biocoenosis of pine forests representing the intra-zone areas of flora and fauna of the Kazakh upland. 15 species of three families were listed for the Central Kazakhstan region for the first time. Species Eremocoris podagricus was not registered for the territory of Kazakhstan earlier. Fifteen species (50 %) were true above-ground inhabitants or ones living on grasses, whereas other species use soil surface and ground litter as temporary habitats. Drymus brunneus and Eremocoris fenestratus play a key role in the structure and function of the true bugs assemblages in the in biotopes studied. The ecological success of typically forest and boreal inhabitants in biotopes of arid region is explained by relict nature of forests and ancient connections with the taiga zone of Western Siberia and mountain forests of the Urals and Altai. The results of a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences of the dominant and ecological structures of Heteroptera complexes of aboriginal studied forests and derived type of forest are presented.
Knowledge Mapping of the Extant Literature on the Environmental Impacts of Using Cover Crops—a Scientometric Study
Authors: Liu Yong , Ruiz-Menjivar Jorge , Hu Yujie , Zavala Monica
Published: July 2022

This study examined the last four decades of the existing academic literature related to the environmental impacts of using cover crops in agricultural production systems. Data were collected from the Web of Science database, resulting in a sample of 3,246 peer-reviewed articles published between 1980 and 2021. We combined two advanced scientometrics analysis software (i.e., CiteSpace 6.0.R1 and Gephi 0.9.2) to identify the trajectory of the literature, hotspots, and frontiers. We developed authorship-, institution-and country-levels networks to examine academic cooperation over the last forty years. Our findings revealed that the number of peer-reviewed outputs documenting the environmental effects of cover crops has consistently increased, with a notable rise in publications between 2015 and 2021. Eighteen salient research topics were identified in the literature, including winter cover crops' effects on soil health, cover crops' effects on nitrous oxide emissions, and the relationship between cover crops and nitrate leaching. Based on the citation-clustering analysis, the trajectory of the literature may be divided into three stages. Studies in Stage 1_A (1980-2000) mainly assessed the role of cover crops in nitrogen management. In Stage 1_B (2001-2010), the research evaluated the impact of using different cover crop mixtures on farming systems. In Stage 2 (2011-2021), studies primarily addressed the environmental impacts of cover crops, particularly their effects on physical and chemical soil properties. Finally, the countries with the most outputs were the United States, Brazil, and Spain. The U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service was the main contributor to the literature on the environmental impacts of cover crops.
Systems Design and Integration of Small Scale Nano and Picosatellites
Authors: Naumann Philip , Umansky-Castro Joshua S. , Peck Mason , Sands Timothy
Published: July 2022

Within the past decade, the aerospace engineering industry has evolved outside the constraints of using single, large, custom satellites. Due to increased reliability and robustness of commercial off the shelf (COTS) printed circuit board (PCB) components, missions instead have transitioned towards deploying swarms of smaller satellites. This approach significantly decreases the mission cost by reducing custom engineering and deployment expenses. Nanosatellites are able to be quickly developed with a more modular design at lowered risk. The Alpha mission at Cornell Space Systems Studio is fabricated in this manner. However, for the purpose of this mission, only one satellite was initially developed. This manuscript will discuss a systems engineering approach to the development of this satellite. As a disclaimer, this manuscript is written from a systems perspective. Therefore it will follow many subsystems from a wide range of functionalities. The research in this manuscript was kept broad with the hope to contribute to the mission as a system, through a range of development phases including validation and verification of existing methods. The two systems that will be primarily focused on are the Attitude Control System (ACS) of the carrier nanosatellite (cubesat), and the RF communications on the ex-creted picosatellites (chipsat). Milestones achieved in chipsat RF include chipsat to chipsat communication, chipsat to SDR ground station communication, packet creation, error correction, appending a preamble, and filtering the signal. Achievements on the ACS side included controller traceability/verification and validation, software rigidity tests, hardware endurance testing, Kane damper and IMU tuning. These developments matured the technological readiness level (TRL) of our systems in preparation for satellite deployment.
Can Linking the Recall System to Addiction Enable a Better Understanding of the Dopaminergic Pathway?
Authors: Iwuh Dozie
Published: July 2022

Human addiction, as a learned behaviour, has and is constantly being treated psychologically, with specific and timely interventions from Neuroscience. We endorse that human addiction can receive further boost as regards treatment, when we firmly understand how it works from a quantum scale. This is majorly because the dopaminergic pathway (DP) that is well elaborated in the brain of every addict is connected to the memory pathway. This further implies that the recall process in the brain of the addict, as regards his/her addiction is fully functional in line with the pleasure that arises from the element of his/her addiction. This dopamine-led pathway shows itself as prominent in what pertains to addiction, this is because of the role it plays in reward. As a neurotransmitter, dopamine flickers when reward is in the offing. It should be noted that a full understanding of the dimensions of addiction in the human person has not be attained to, therefore, we seek to add to this ongoing research, by considering excerpts arising from Quantum Field Theory. We are introducing excerpts from QFT, because DP, is an attendant element in the process of reward and motivation. In clear terms, we are alluding that it all begins with the memory.
Dynamic Weight Agnostic Neural Networks and Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR) for Breast Cancer Diagnostics
Authors: Li Jolen , Galazis Christopher , Popov Illarion , Ovchinnikov Lev , Vesnin Sergey , Losev Alexander , Goryanin Igor
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and Objective: Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR) is used to capture the thermal properties of internal tissues and has usages in breast cancer detection. Our goal in this paper is to improve classification performance and investigate automated neural architecture search methods.
Methods: We investigate optimizing the weights of a weight agnostic neural network using bi-population covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (BIPOP-CMA-ES) once the topology is found. We compare it against a weight agnostic and cascade correlation neural network.
Results: The experiments are conducted on a breast cancer dataset of 4912 patients. Our proposed weight agnostic BIPOP-CMA-ES model achieved the best performance. It obtained an F1-score of 0.9225, accuracy of 0.9219, precision of 0.9228, recall of 0.9217 and topology of 153 connections.
Conclusions: The results are an indication of the potential of MWR utilizing a neural network-based diagnostic tool for cancer detection. By separating the tasks of topology search and weight training, we are able to improve the overall performance.
Caspofungin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Patients Treating for Candidemia
Authors: Sattarzadeh Badkoubeh Roya , Farajpour Mostafa , Salehi Mohammadreza , Sherafati Alborz , Zamani Zahra , Rezahosseini Omid , Mansouri Pejman , Sardari Akram
Published: July 2022

Echinocandins selectively inhibit fungal cell wall synthesis and, therefore, have few side effects. However, there are reports of hemodynamic and cardiac complications. We conducted this study to investigate the effects of caspofungin both on the noninvasive echocardiographic indices of myocardial function and on myocardial injury based on serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels. This study was conducted on patients treated for candidemia. The hs-cTnI level and echocardiographic parameters were measured before and 1 hour after the infusion of the induction dose of caspofungin. Data were compared between central and peripheral venous drug administration routes. Fifteen patients were enrolled in the study. There were no significant differences in the echocardiographic parameters between the baseline and post-treatment period. The mean hs-cTnI level exhibited a significant rise following drug administration (0.24 ± 0.2 vs 0.32 ± 0.3; P = 0.006). There was also a significant difference concerning the hs-cTnI level between central and peripheral venous drug administration routes (P = 0.034). Due to differences in the hs-cTnI level, it appears that the administration of caspofungin may be associated with myocardial injury. Our findings also showed a higher possibility of cardiotoxicity via the central venous administration route.
Artocarpus Camansi Blanco: A Review on Its Traditional Use, Nutritional Value, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology
Authors: Bicaldo Patrick Joel
Published: July 2022

Artocarpus camansi Blanco or breadnut (Family: Moraceae) is primarily found in tropical regions of the world. Different parts of the plant provide potential use in medicine, nutraceutical development, and livelihood. The present review attempts to document literature on the traditional use, nutritional value, phytochemistry, and pharmacological investigation carried out with breadnuts. The included literatures of the plant were collected from various sources and databases like Google scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Crossref, and Scopus. Breadnuts are rich in secondary metabolites. Studies have reported the isolation of several triterpenoid compounds and the broad spectrum of its pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-tumor, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties. The approximate composition of the seed and the fruit also highlights the nutritional importance of this plant. A. camansi Blanco is an underutilized tree that holds significant potential if further research and sustainable conservation is applied. Efforts to mainstream its use as functional food and increase awareness among the locals should also be given attention.
A Comprehensive Neuropsychological Study of Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Its Relationship with Psychosocial Functioning: A Biopsychosocial Approach
Authors: Chan Moon Fai , Ganesh Aishwarya , Mahadevan Sangeetha , Al-Shamli Siham , Al-Waili Khalid , Al-Mukhaini Suad , Al-Rasadi Khalid , Al-Adawi Samir
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest to view the diagnosis of Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) through the lens of the biopsychosocial model. However, other than a few epidemiological surveys, there is a dearth of studies from emerging economies that have examined FH using the biological, psychological and socio-environmental facets of the aforementioned model. AIM. The three aims of the current study were as follows: (i) to examine the psychosocial status among patients with genetically confirmed FH, (ii) to compare the intellectual capacity and cognitive outcomes with a reference group, and (iii) to examine the relationship between health literacy and cognitive functioning. METHOD: Consecutive FH patients referred to the lipid clinic at a tertiary care center for an expert opinion were recruited into this study, conducted from September 2019 to March 2020. Information regarding psychosocial functioning, health literacy, quality of life, and affective ranges were surveyed. Indices of current reasoning ability (attention and concentration, memory, and executive functioning) were compared with an age-matched reference group. The current hypothesis also explored the impact of FH on health literacy and cognition. RESULT: A total of 70 participants out of 106 (response rate: 66.0%) initially agreed to participate. However, 18 out of 70 dropped out of the study, yielding a final total of 52 FH patients. With 27 (51.9%) males and 25 (48.1%) females, the mean participant age stood at 37.2 years (SD=9.2), ranging from 21 to 52 years of age. In the psychosocial data, thirty-two percent (n=17) of them had anxiety (HADS≥ 8), and twenty-five percent (n=13) had depressive symptoms (HADS≥ 8). The performance of the FH patients was significantly impaired compared to the control group on the indices of current reasoning ability and all domains of cognitive functioning. In univariate analysis conducted to compare cognitive functioning with health literacy status, only indices of attention and concentration emerged as being significant. CONCLUSION: To date, there are only a few studies employing the biopsychosocial paradigm to investigate the FH population. The current study indicates that the FH population is marked by an impediment in almost all of the core features that are characteristically assessed by the biopsychosocial approach.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in children with chronic lung diseases
Authors:   Republican Hospital No 1, National Center of Medicine, Yakutsk, Russian Federation, Tapiev E.V. , Asanov A.Yu. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Simonova O.I. ,   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chebelyaev I.Yu. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Sukhomyasova A.L. ,   Republican Hospital No 1, National Center of Medicine, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

Objective. To analyze the role of Pi gene polymorphisms in the development of chronic nonspecific lung diseases, bronchial asthma, and cystic fibrosis, as well as their impact on the disease course among Russian children compared to healthy controls. Patients and methods. This study included 303 patients that were randomly selected from all patients treated in the Department of Pulmonology and Allergology of the National Medical Research Center of Children's Health. The sample included patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases (CNSLD) (such as chronic obstructive bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, and obliterating alveolitis) and patients with bronchial asthma and cystic fibrosis. DNA samples from patients and healthy controls were analyzed using molecular methods, including RFLP and real-time PCR with subsequent statistical analysis. Results. The frequency of mutant Pi*S and Pi*Z alleles was 5.8% among CNSLD patients. However, patients with pulmonary cystic fibrosis and controls had no pathological alleles. The heterozygous 1331A allele was identified in 16.5% of all patients. In patients with bronchial asthma, its frequency was 21.2%, which was significantly higher than in other groups of patients (10.1% and 11.1%, respectively) and controls (9.9%). Conclusion. Our findings may indicate the involvement of mutant Pi*S and Pi*Z alleles in the development of multifactorial lung diseases. We shouldn’t ignore the role of the 1331A allele in aggravating bronchial asthma. Presumably, the 1331A mutation in the Pi gene can modify the course of any monogenic and multifactorial lung diseases. Key words: SERPINA1; alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; CNSLD,