bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of distant metastasis or local recurrent after radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Wu Chufan , Lv Xiaojuan , Lou Hanmei , Zhang Xiaojing , Wang Fangfang
Published: October 2024

Objective
To evaluated risk factors for survival, recurrence and metastasis in patients with FIGO stage IA-IVA cervical cancer who underwent radical radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of 1288 cervical cancer patients. Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox regression models, and log-rank tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results
The 5-year overall survival rate for patients with stage I-II and stage III-IVA are 81.1% and 70.4%. In multivariable analysis, pathological type, 2009 FIGO stage, pre-treatment SCC-Ag level, pre-brachytherapy tumor size, and CCRT are independent influencing factors for patient OS. Non-squamous cell carcinoma patients were more prone to distant metastasis than squamous cell carcinoma patients, with no significant correlation observed in local recurrence patients. In patients with squamous cell carcinoma, multivariable analysis showed that SCC value > 11.75 at diagnosis was an independent predictor of distant metastasis and local recurrence (P = 0.001 and P = 0.038, respectively). Lymph node metastasis was an independent risk factor for distant metastasis. Age, treatment time of RT, CCRT, and pre-treatment Hb classification showed no significant correlation with cervical cancer distant metastasis and local recurrence.
Conclusions
Non-squamous cell carcinoma patients may have a worse prognosis than squamous cell carcinoma patients. In patients with squamous cell carcinoma, SCC value at diagnosis, and lymph node metastasis are independent influencing factors for distant metastasis, while SCC value at diagnosis is an independent influencing factor for local recurrence.
Initial application of fluorescence imaging for intraoperative localization of small neuroendocrine tumors in the pancreas: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Xi Shihang , Wang Xu , Zheng Xingyuan , Jiang Bin , Shen Zhengchao , Wang Guannan , Jiang Yaqi , Fang Xiaosan , Qian Daohai , Muhammad Danish Irshad , Wang Xiaoming
Published: October 2024

Objective
A preliminary investigation into the efficacy and safety of fluorescence imaging for intraoperative localization of small neuroendocrine tumors in the pancreas.
Methods
Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging technology was employed during the surgical procedure. The administration of indocyanine green was executed as follows: 25 mg of the dye was dissolved in 10 ml of sterilized water for injection. Subsequently, 1 ml of the solution was swiftly administered through a peripheral vein during laparoscopic tumor exploration. Approximately 1 minute later, the tumor exhibited a distinct green fluorescence, indicating successful staining. Guided by real-time fluorescence imaging, laparoscopic local excision of the pancreatic tumor was performed. Severe complications were observed following the operation.Additionally, the surgical margins, tumor grade, and other pathological details were documented.
RESULTS
Five patients, who underwent laparoscopic local resection of pancreatic tumors under fluorescence guidance, exhibited excellent fluorescence imaging and distinct lesion boundaries. Following surgery, only biochemical fistulae were detected. The pathology reports of four patients indicated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors of grade G1 with negative margins, while one patient's pathology suggested pancreatic neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia.
CONCLUSION
Fluorescence imaging technology safely aids in the intraoperative localization of small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
Lumbar intervertebral endplate autograft fusion on patients with lumbar spinal instability and lumbar spondylolisthesis
Authors: Zhang Shun , Zhang Chuanlin
Published: October 2024

Background
Lumbar interbody fusion with standalone local bone grafts sufficed for single-level low-grade spondylolisthesis via the open posterior approach. This study aimed to assess the impact of lumbar intervertebral endplate autograft fusion on middle-aged and elderly adults with lumbar spinal instability and spondylolisthesis.
Methods
32 patients with these conditions were included in the study at a hospital between June 2018 and January 2023, undergoing either lumbar intervertebral endplate autograft fusion or intervertebral graft fusion.
Results
The two groups showed no significant differences in postoperative measures except for the JOA low back pain score and SF-36 score, which were better in the endplate autograft fusion group. The endplate fusion ratio was significantly higher in the autograft fusion group.
Conclusions
Lumbar intervertebral endplate autograft fusion may be a promising approach for patients with lumbar spine instability and low-grade spondylolisthesis, potentially leading to a higher endplate fusion ratio compared to conventional methods.
Does the number of abnormal values in the oral glucose tolerance test impact pregnancy outcomes?
Authors: Gluska Hadar , Yagur Yael , Margalit Shiri , Sokolik Karolin , Pardo Ella , Shechter-Maor Gil , Biron-Shental Tal , Kovo Michal , Weitzner Omer
Published: October 2024

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects over 10% of pregnancies worldwide, leading to various maternal and neonatal complications. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends a two-step diagnostic approach using the Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which can yield between 0 to 4 abnormal values (AbVs).The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the number of AbVs in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the risk of GDMA2, which requires pharmacological intervention for glycemic control. Secondary outcomes included assessing the relationship between the number of AbVs and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, considering its impact on the course of pregnancy, delivery, maternal health, and neonatal outcomes.Methods This retrospective cohort study included all pregnant women who underwent OGTT between the years 2015 and 2022, and diagnosed with GDM, at our department. The study cohort was divided into four groups based on the number of AbVs in the OGTT: one AbV, two AbVs, three AbVs and four AbVs group. Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared between these groups.Results A total of 1821 women diagnosed with GDM following were included in the analysis. The distribution of abnormal OGTT AbVs was as follows: one AbV (36.95%), two AbVs (43.71%), three AbVs (16.09%), and four AbVs (3.24%). Presence of GDMA2 varied significantly among groups (p < 0.001), with higher occurrence correlating with increased AbVs. Maternal outcomes differed in induction of labor (p < 0.001), episiotomy (p = 0.006), and maternal composite outcomes (p = 0.011). Neonatal outcomes showed differences in gestational age at delivery (p = 0.007) and Apgar score < 7 (p = 0.021). Logistic regression adjusted for confounders revealed that the number of AbVs (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.01–1.42) and maternal BMI (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05–1.1) were significantly associated with GDMA2.Conclusions An elevated number AbVs indicates challenges in glycemic control through dietary measures alone, necessitating potential medical interventions. An increased occurrence of AbVs in OGTT correlates with heightened probabilities of GDMA2, labor induction, episiotomy, and neonatal Apgar scores below 7. From the study results we can infer that OGTT serves not only as a diagnostic tool for GDM but also enables healthcare practitioners to enhance their awareness of potential adverse outcomes for both the mother and neonate through meticulous analysis of abnormal values.
Gender-Specific Association Between a Lipid Composite Index and Asthma among US Adults: Insights from a Population-Based Study
Authors: Ying Bufan , Liu Xiaoxin , Yang Chengming , Xu Jinfang , Li Ningxu
Published: October 2024

Background
Abnormalities in lipid metabolism are common among adult asthmatics. However, the precise directionality linking asthma to blood lipid levels remains controversial. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between the Non-HDL to HDL Ratio (NHHR), a lipid composite index, and asthma prevalence among the adult population in the United States.
Methods
Utilizing adult participants’ data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 2009 to 2018, the study employed a multivariate logistic regression model, adjusting for covariates, to establish the relationship between NHHR levels and the prevalence of asthma. Furthermore, smoothing curve fitting and subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the robustness of this association.
Results
This study included 26,023 adult individuals (mean age = 49.63 ± 17.66). In the fully adjusted model, a significant inverse correlation was observed between log-transformed NHHR values and asthma prevalence (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79–0.93). Subgroup analysis revealed that gender served as a modulator, altering the association between NHHR levels and asthma prevalence. A more pronounced negative correlation between NHHR and asthma prevalence was noted among male participants [(Male: OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69–0.88) vs. (Female: OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.83–1.03), P for interaction = 0.0313]. The relationship between NHHR and the prevalence of asthma in females exhibited a U-shaped pattern, with the inflection point at an NHHR value of 3.77.
Conclusions
Among the adult population in the US, an inverse correlation exists between NHHR levels and asthma prevalence, which is influenced by gender. NHHR measurement may be a potential tool for early identification and prediction of adult-onset asthma in specific populations.
Neuro-leishmaniasis with Cauda Equina Syndrome and Cranial Nerve Palsy: A Rare Manifestation of Recurrent Atypical Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: V Karthick Kumar , Gupta Baidhnath Kumar , G Rahul Krishnan , Soneja Manish , Vikram Naval K , Baitha Upendra , Singh Amandeep , Wig Naveet , Azam Mudsser , Singh Ruchi , Garg Ajay , Damle Nishikant , Dharmashaktu Yamini
Published: October 2024

Background
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease primarily affecting Brazil, East Africa, and India, with India accounting for 18% of the global burden. While VL typically presents with systemic symptoms like fever, weight loss, and splenomegaly, it can occasionally manifest atypically, posing significant diagnostic challenges. Neurological presentations of VL are extremely rare, making them difficult to suspect and diagnose. Cases where VL predominantly presents with neurological symptoms are particularly novel, underscoring the need for heightened awareness of such atypical manifestations in endemic regions.
Clinical case
A 38-year-old man with history of recurrent atypical VL presented with diffuse lower back pain, progressive tingling, numbness, weakness in the lower extremities, and double vision for one month. Clinical and radiological evaluations suggested cauda equina syndrome and cranial nerve palsy, accompanied by generalized lymphadenopathy, subcutaneous nodules, and skin papules. The differential diagnosis initially included disseminated tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, and lymphoma. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed an inflammatory syndrome. Histopathology of lymph node and bone marrow revealed Leishmania amastigotes and subcutaneous nodule and skin biopsy revealed inflammatory cells with granulomas. Furthermore, the qPCR test on DNA from a subcutaneous nodule, lymph node, and CSF was positive for Leishmania kinetoplast DNA. The species was further confirmed as Leishmania donovani through ITS-based PCR amplification and sequencing. Finally, a diagnosis of relapse of VL with lymph node, cutaneous, and neurological involvement, including abducens nerve palsy and cauda equina syndrome, was established. He was treated with combination of liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine, along with intrathecal hyaluronidase, resulting in significant improvement.
Conclusion
Unlike previously reported cases with both systemic and neurological symptoms, our patient predominantly presented with neurological manifestations, making this a unique and novel presentation of VL. This case highlights diagnostic challenges and management of atypical VL, emphasizing neurological involvement and successful therapeutic strategies.
Rural Population Ageing Challenges for Carbon Mitigation Goals of Smallholder Farming in China
Authors: Wang Qiang , Chen Daquan , Fan Jie , Lin Jian , Ma Shiping
Published: October 2024

Rural China's demographic structure is ageing at a rate far exceeding national averages, posing serious challenges to sustainable agricultural production. As a top global producer and carbon emitter, China must ensure food security while reducing agricultural emissions. However, current understanding of these dynamics remains limited. This study establishes the year 2000 as the benchmark for when rural ageing began in China. Through analysis of data from over 1,400 surveyed Chinese counties through 2020, we examine related trends. Findings show ageing correlated with a 10.2% rise in agricultural diesel usage intensity and 13.3% increase in plastic film use, together raising CO2 emissions 7.0%, posing threats to both the environment and arable land. To address these concerns and explore options for achieving sustainable agriculture amid ageing rural populations, we quantitatively assess future impacts and potential mitigation through increased adoption of new family farming models. As simulated, compared with 2020, projections for 2100 indicate that fertilizer, diesel and pesticide use intensities may fall 28-29%, 7-26% and 35-51%, lowering agricultural CO2 emissions by 17-27%. These findings indicate that the scaled and specialized organization and production technologies employed under new family farming models have the potential to help offset the negative impacts associated with ageing rural populations.
Analysis of preoperative imaging data to predict the selection of unicompartmental and total knee prostheses.
Authors: Guo Haitao , Liu Xu , Mei Yufeng , Li Jun , Liu Shuguang
Published: October 2024

Aims Finding an imaging method that can inform preoperative planning and streamline prosthetic selection to improve surgical decision-making between UKA and TKA.
Methods This study enrolled 68 patients. 34 patients in experimental group underwent TKA for ACL issues for whom UKA was initially planned preoperatively. A cohort of 34 patients was randomly chosen for control group, consisting of patients scheduled for UKA preoperatively and ultimately undergoing TKA during surgery. Preoperative measurement parameters included the hip-knee-ankle angle(HKAA),H1(the height of the medial tibial intercondylar eminence), H2(the height of the lateral tibial intercondylar eminence) on AP radiographs, R (the ratio of the distance the medial femoral condyle moves posteriorly on the tibial plateau to the anterior-posterior distance from the medial tibial plateau) on a fully extended lateral view of the knee, and the medial joint space width (D) at the valgus stress site. MRI was used to measure the area S and circumference C of the ACL at the widest section of the sagittal plane, and the differences were compared between the two groups. A prediction model was established using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.
Results There are significant differences in variables H1, H2, and HKAA between the two groups, with no differences in variables D and R. Variable S had a strong positive correlation with H1 and a weak positive correlation with H2，no correlation with HKAA, D, and R. Variable C had a strong positive correlation with H1 but did not correlate with H2, A, D, and R. The correlation between C and H1 is C=38.156+3.521×H1.The predictive model for S with H1 and H2 was S=-40.538+14.416×H1+11.296×H2.
Conclusion Patients with lightweight and high intercondylar eminence on knee AP radiographs may be better candidates for UKA than those with lower intercondylar eminence and heavy weight.
A pan‐cancer analysis of the oncogenic and immunological roles of THOC3 in human cancer
Authors: Zhang Jixin , Zhao Qi , Zhao Jidong , Cui Xing , Chen Xin
Published: October 2024

Background: There is a limited number of studies on THO Complex Subunit 3 (THOC3) in tumors. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of various types of tumors to determine the role of THOC3 in tumor progression and to investigate its impact on immunity.
Methods. Retrieved THOC3 expression data from various cancers in the TCGA database and analyzed it using R software (version 3.6.4) and its related packages; explored the differential expression of THOC3 in tumors, its correlation with prognosis, functional enrichment, and its relationship with tumor heterogeneity. The study also aimed to uncover the correlation between THOC3 and tumor immunity.
Results. THOC3 is differentially expressed in various tumors and normal samples, and is correlated with overall survival and progression-free time. The study found that THOC3 expression is strongly associated with tumor mutational burden, microsatellite deletion, and immune response. The expression of THOC3 is significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration, and THOC3 can regulate transcription output and mRNA splicing. Therefore, we speculate that THOC3 could serve as a therapeutic target for future anticancer therapies.
Conclusions. THOC3 may serve as a novel and specific biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy.
The impact of the BDNF Val66Met genotype on intrusive memories and in post-traumatic stress disorder is moderated by sex and timing of trauma exposure
Authors: Nicholson Emma Louise , Garry Michael , Ney Luke J. , Hsu Ken Chia Min , Zuj Daniel V. , Felmingham Kim L.
Published: October 2024

Intrusive memories are a key symptom of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) has been proposed as a possible mechanism underlying intrusive memories in PTSD given its role in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism has been linked to PTSD susceptibility and memory disturbances however previous research outcomes have been variable, potentially due to a failure to control for important confounds such as sex, ethnicity, developmental stage and extent of previous trauma experiences. This study explored the relationship between the BDNF Val66Met and emotional memory (intrusive memories and recall) in PTSD controlling for these factors in 276 participants: 53 with PTSD, 118 Trauma Exposed and 105 Controls. Key findings revealed the PTSD group experienced significantly more negative intrusions than Controls, with no group differences for negative memory recall. Females reported more intrusive memories than males, however there were no sex differences in negative memory recall. When developmental stage of trauma was considered in a traumatised sub-sample, BDNF genotype significantly interacted with PTSD status, sex, and developmental trauma stage. This highlights the importance of controlling for neurobiological influences on BDNF expression, however further research is imperative to replicate these findings and investigate the specific epigenetic and neural processes involved.
Integrating Energy Justice with Economic Realities: Survey Results on Renewable Energy Support and Household Expenditure Disparities
Authors: Volodzkiene Lina , Streimikiene Dalia
Published: October 2024

Energy justice is a critical element of the European Union's objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, which presents both environmental and societal challenges. This research employs a comprehensive methodology to investigate public attitudes toward renewable energy and energy inequality. A representative survey was implemented to collect empirical data on household expenditures for electricity, natural gas, and heating. This data was subsequently analyzed to evaluate the extent of energy inequality and its potential impact on energy affordability and accessibility for various income groups. Furthermore, the study examines public attitudes toward renewable energy, including their perceived benefits, barriers, and willingness to implement these technologies. Despite the fact that the results are concentrated on Lithuania, they provide a comparative perspective that aids in the identification of common challenges and opportunities that are pertinent to other EU countries. This method improves comprehension of energy inequality and its implications in a variety of European contexts and climate objectives. The findings indicate a generally equitable distribution of energy costs, but they also emphasize a substantial reluctance to pay premiums for renewable energy, which is indicative of economic constraints. The research emphasizes the necessity of targeted policies to improve the financial accessibility of renewable energy and resolve underlying inequalities, thereby facilitating a fair and inclusive transition to a sustainable and climate-neutral future.
Identification of Intrinsic Features for Cortical Separability of Human and Mouse Neurons
Authors: Peng Hanchuan , Yun Zhixi , Ye Wen , Ji Nan , Wang Yujin , Li Tian , Rong Jing , Wang Ruilong , Li Yingxin , Zhang Hairuo , Xu Hao , Mo Nan , Song Binghua , Chen Xin , Wang Yi , Mai Yiying , Ding Ming , Ding Song-Lin , Liu Lijuan , Zhang Liwei
Published: October 2024

This work introduces a novel framework for holistic comparative analysis of cortical regions in mouse and human brains at single-neuron resolution, with a primary focus on the morphological and molecular characteristics of neurons. To do so, we generated one of the largest dendritic reconstruction datasets of cortical neurons to date, comprising 2,363 human neurons and 16,011 mouse neurons from the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, followed by establishing a rigorous procedure to identify anatomically and functionally corresponding brain regions with minimal variability in brain mapping. Additionally, we leveraged single nucleus/cell transcriptomic data from independent groups to validate the molecular correspondence of the brain regions identified in this study. The significance of these anatomically, functionally, and molecularly corresponding mouse-human region pairs is highlighted by examining the intrinsic features of their respective cortical regions. Our findings reveal that human neuron branching patterns differ dramatically from those in mouse brains, particularly in terms of dendritic branching frequency and normalized dendritic branching intervals. This difference is pronounced in the frontal and temporal lobes, underscoring the distinct neuronal architectures between the two species. At the single-neuron level, we found that neurons from the human frontal and parietal lobes are six times more separable than those from the same regions in mouse brains. This heightened separability is also observed between the frontal and temporal lobes, as well as between the parietal and temporal lobes in humans. We thoroughly explored the entire morphological feature space, along with its characteristic subspaces, and consistently found this distinct separability. Remarkably, this neuronal separability can be partially recapitulated when examining the global functional states of these brain lobes—using newly acquired Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals as physiological measures—as well as their global metabolic states, molecular profiles, and cortical geometry. These findings suggest that our comparative analysis of single-neuron intrinsic features could serve as a valuable foundation for future comprehensive studies of cross-species brain structures and functions.
Selenium nanoparticles combined with Calycosin treated sepsis through synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects
Authors: Zhang Kun , Dong Qingrong , Wei Lan , Shi Jia , Liu Fang , Lu Bin , Pan Fei , Ye Peng , Liang Taigang , Du Jiangfeng
Published: October 2024

Sepsis is a heterogeneous disease with high morbidity and mortality due to the limited therapeutic. Calycosin (CA), one of the main active ingredients of Astragalus, can potentially treat sepsis, but its therapeutic effect is limited by low blood circulation concentration and poor bioavailability. To address this challenge, we have successfully prepared BSA@Se-CA nanocomposite system (BSC) through self-assembly loading calycosin (CA) onto BSA@Se nanoparticles (BS). Compared to CA, BSC enhances the scavenging of ROS more effectively than CA alone by enhancing the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Notably, BSC reducing the expression level of inflammatory factors (NO, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in inflammatory macrophages by synergistically inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, the in vitro experiments demonstrated that BSC can also effectively alleviate RAW264.7 cells and HUVEC cells damage caused by oxidative stress, which can maintain the normal cells physiological function. In vivo, BSC exhibit significantly improve the therapeutic effect of sepsis by intraperitoneal injection, such as increase the survival rate of sepsis mice, and alleviate normal organ damage. Thus, this study provides a new strategy for improving the utilization efficiency of natural products with poor treatment effect and provides a reference for improving the therapeutic effect of sepsis.
The first near-complete genome assembly of pig: enabling more accurate genetic research
Authors: Cao Caiyun , Miao Jian , Sun Jiabao , Xie Qinqin , Cheng Hong , Zhang Zhenyang , Wu Fen , Liu Shuang , Ye Xiaowei , Zhang Zhe , Wang Qishan , Pan Yuchun , Wang Zhen
Published: October 2024

Pigs are crucial sources of meat and protein, valuable animal models, and potential donors for xenotransplantation. However, the existing reference genome for pigs is incomplete, with thousands of segments and missing centromeres and telomeres, which limits our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying important traits in these genomic regions. To address this issue, we present a near complete chromosome telomere-to-telomere gap-free genome assembly for the Jinhua pig (JH-T2T), constructed using PacBio HiFi and ONT long reads. This assembly includes all 18 autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes, with only six gaps. It features annotations of 46.90% repetitive sequences, 35 telomeres, 17 centromeres on 16 chromosomes, and 23,924 high-confident genes. Compared to the Sscrofa11.1 reference genome, JH-T2T closes nearly all gaps, extends sequences by 177 Mb, predicts a greater number of more intact telomeres and centromeres, and gains 799 more genes and loses 114 genes. Moreover, it enhances the mapping rate for both Western and Chinese local pigs, outperforming Sscrofa11.1 as a reference genome. Additionally, this comprehensive genome assembly will facilitate large-scale variant detection and enable the exploration of genes associated with pig domestications, such as GPAM, CYP2C18, LY9, ITLN2, and CHIA. Our findings represent a significant advancement in pig genomics, providing a robust resource that enhances genetic research, breeding programs, and biomedical applications.
Numerical Investigation on Heat Transfer of CuO-Water Nano-fluid in a circular pipe with twisted tape inserts
Authors: Bizuneh Yaregal Eneyew , Asres Tazebew Dires , Gebresilassie Endalkew Berhie , Bizuneh Atalay Enyew
Published: October 2024

The use of Nano-fluids and twisted tape inserts in circular pipes are the most widely used passive heat transfer improvement techniques. The Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance parameters of a circular pipe containing Nano-fluids and twisted tapes at 180 and 120 degrees are studied numerically in this work. The research yields findings for a strip twist ratio of three and a turbulent flow range of Re 4,000–20,000. The RNG k–ε model is utilized to solve the governing equations and a steady heat flux of 30,000 W/m2 is supplied. The highest simulation findings of Nusselt number for Nano-fluid are 5.25, 9.85, and 12.5% higher in comparison to Gnielinski relations of water for plain tube and twisted tape inserts at 180 and 120 degrees respectively. The thermal performance factor of 1.42 was achieved for Nano-fluid flow in a pipe with a 120o twisted tape insert which yields a significant heat transfer improvement.
Anti-aliasing Multi-bit Sigma-Delta Modulated Cobweb-Like Disk Resonator Gyroscope with Extending Input Range
Authors: Chen Fang , Fan Bo , Du Shihao , Zhou Jingchuan , Lu Zhenghao , Xu Dacheng , Guo Shuwen , Li Xinxin
Published: October 2024

A novel Cobweb-Like Disk Resonator Gyroscope is introduced in this paper , which integrates a multi-bit electromechanical sigma-delta modulation (EM-SDM) system to significantly expand the input angular rate signal range, improving performance metrics like signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and noise reduction. This design addresses limitations of single-bit ∑ΔM gyroscope systems by implementing a linear multi-bit force feedback system, which employs nonlinear actuators based on pulse density modulation. The proposed gyroscope system extends the input range without requiring increased actuation voltages. Experimental results reveal notable performance improvements: input range, angle random walk, and bias instability were enhanced by 30%, 106.2%, and 487.9%, respectively, compared to conventional disk resonator gyroscope system designs.
Algorithm for Assessing the Potential Regenerative Efficiency of New Gel and Spray in Experimental Models in Vitro and in Vivo.
Authors: Bezdieniezhnykh Natalia , Lykhova Oleksandra , Borshchevska Maryna , Goy Andriy , Saulenko Kyrylo , Kozak Tamara , Kukurudza Dmytro , Kruglov Yevgen , Borshchevskiy Genadiy , Buchynska Liubov
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to study the effectiveness of new agents with the regenerating activity of gel and spray for external use in experimental systems in vitro and in vivo with the simulation of a cut wound.
Methods. In vitro research included methods of working with cell culture, namely assessment of viability, metabolic activity and a method of studying the repair of cell monolayer damage (the scratch assay method). In vivo research was conducted on Wistar rats with simulation of the pathological condition of a cut wound and the application of experimental samples and the following assessment of a set of indicators: physiological condition of experimental animals, condition of the skin in the area of application of samples and monitoring of healing in dynamics and morphological analysis of the injury area after the use of new gel and spray agents.
Results. The spray and gel samples were shown to cause a statistically significant increase in the number of live cells at certain concentrations in vitro: the spray caused an increase in the number of endothelial cells, while the gel caused an increase in the number of keratinocytes. The spray and gel in the tested concentrations increase the speed of restoration of the damaged monolayer of endothelial cells.
It was shown that no violations of the indicators of the physiological state of the experimental animals were noted during repeated skin applications of the gel and spray while simulating a cut wound in vivo. According to the results of the speed of healing of the skin in the area of the simulated cut wound, a statistically significant increase in the speed of healing (according to calculations of the change in the area of the wound in %) from 10 to 19% with the use of the spray and from 5 to 18% with the use of the gel in comparison with the animals of the control group with the simulated wound without treatment (р≤0.05 and p≤0.01). The evaluation of the results of the morphological analysis of the skin area with the cut wound showed that with repeated application of the spray or gel, a significant reduction in the area of the wound is observed already on the 8th day of observation with faster healing compared to the control. Already from the 8th day, inflammatory changes and the area of necrotic areas in the experimental groups significantly decreased. With the effect of the spray and gel, a significant increase in the number of blood vessels and hair follicles is observed.
Conclusion. A comprehensive evaluation of new gel and spray products for external use using in vitro and in vivo experimental models showed the effectiveness of research agents and their potential role in accelerating wound healing and, accordingly, activation of wound regeneration processes.
Blocking mineralocorticoid signaling with esaxerenone reduces atherosclerosis in ApoE KO mice without affecting blood pressure and glycolipid metabolism
Authors: Iwamoto Hideyuki , Sanada Junpei , Kimura Tomohiko , Shimoda Masashi , Iwamoto Yuichiro , Dan Kazunori , Fushimi Yoshiro , Katakura Yukino , Nogami Yuka , Shirakiya Yoshiko , Yamasaki Yuki , Nakanishi Shuhei , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki
Published: October 2024

Aims: Endothelial damage mediated by mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is an important factor in the development of atherosclerosis. Esaxerenone is a highly selective drug that can specifically block MR activity. The aim of this study is to examine whether specific blocking of mineralocorticoid signaling with esaxerenone exerts favorable effects on the progression of atherosclerosis.
Methods: ApoE KO mice were used as a model of atherosclerosis. In addition to a non-diabetic model, we created a diabetic model using streptozotocin. These were divided into a control group and an esaxerenone group. Esaxerenone-containing diet was provided for 8 weeks starting at 10 weeks of age. Various metabolic markers and abdominal aortic mRNA expression were evaluated, and histological examination of the aortic arch and thoracic aorta was performed.
Results: In diabetic mice, plaque area in the aortic arch was significantly smaller in esaxerenone group compared to control group, although there were no differences in blood pressure, serum lipid levels between the two group. Inflammation-related genes, macrophage marker, cell adhesion factors and oxidative stress marker were all significantly lower in esaxerenone group.
Conclusions: Specific blocking of mineralocorticoid signaling with esaxerenone exerts favorable effects on the progression of atherosclerosis without influencing blood pressure and glucolipid metabolism.
Transperineal biopsy is associated with higher rates of Gleason grade group upgrading in prostate adenocarcinoma when compared with transrectal ultrasound biopsy
Authors: Reddy Paul W. , Keenan Robert A. , Crotty Tom , Galvin David , Swan Niall
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Histopathological assessment of prostate biopsies (PBx) remains the mainstay of diagnosis in prostate cancer (PCa). The Gleason grade group score (GGG) is a critical parameter used for diagnosis, risk stratification and management in PCa. In our institution transperineal (TP) PBx has become the favoured biopsy method, largely due to its increased accuracy and lower risk of infection. Our review analysed the GGG concordance rates between PBx and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens with a focus on biopsy method.
Method:
A total of 588 patients who underwent RP between January 2016 and December 2022 were included in our analysis. Clinicopathological data was collected from the laboratory information system. A chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
Results:
TRUS biopsy was performed in 79% of cases, while TP PBx was performed in 21%. Concordance between PBx and RP was observed in 58% of cases, with 22% being upgraded and 20% downgraded. Biopsy method, extra-prostatic extension and positive surgical margin status were all found to be significantly associated with GGG upgrading.
Conclusion:
TP biopsies is the favoured biopsy method in our institution and review reveals higher rates of GGG upgrading is associated with this approach. This presents a dilemma as TP PBx may compromise the precision of cancer grading in favour of reduced side effects. Ongoing monitoring of PBx and their outcomes is essential for optimal balance between diagnostic accuracy and procedure side effects.
Modelling and forecasting of monthly extreme temperature using MLE and L-moment estimation methods: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Alamzeb Khan , Jehangir Khan , Ahmed Karmaoui , Zardad Khan
Published: October 2024

Extreme Events Analysis (EEA) is an essential tool for the designing and policy-making of rare events occurrence and infrastructure epically in Climate Change (CC). The results of EEA can be used to predict the magnitude and frequency of extreme environmental events in the future like temperature, droughts, rainfalls, floods, high winds and storms etc. EEA of extreme temperature based on Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and L-MOM Estimation Method has been carried out in this study. Both methods are used on two sets of data, collected from (Peshawar and Risalpur) of monthly mean (minimum) temperature data, maintained by Pakistan Metrological Office, Islamabad from the period of 1951 to 2018 and 1954 to 2018 respectively. Numerous tests are applied for initial fundamental assumptions i.e. stationarity, randomness, independence and homogeneity. Data from both the sites satisfied the said tests. For best fitted and robust estimation of parameters of the distribution, well-known goodness of fit tests i.e. Chi-square fit, Anderson-Darling test and Kolmogorov Smirnov method are used. Model is based on the model selection, the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution appeared to provide better results than other models used for the same purpose. In this study, quantile estimates for return ranging from 5 to 100 years have also been examined. Return periods and non-exceedance probabilities are used to generate quantitative estimations. The investigation shows that quantitative estimates or design prices based on the L - MOM estimating approach are lower than those based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with equal return durations and non-exceedance probabilities. In such cases, Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is applied. As a result, it may be advised that the data produced from various methods and procedures should be compared during the design and policy planning phase for extreme temperature events. Furthermore, the results of such investigations can be utilized to choose improved design criteria for temperature policy management, notable measures for the prevention of extreme temperature events.
Fabrication and characterization of Polysulphanilic acid/Borate glass Composites as Anticorrosion Coat for Mild steel in Acidic medium
Authors: Ibrahim M. S. , Azooz M. A. , El-Deeb M. M. , Fathi A. M. , Kamal Emad H M , El-Salam H. M. Abd
Published: October 2024

Polymer-glass matrix composite exhibits excellent performance as scale inhibitors and anticorrosive coatings.Polysulphanilic acid borate glass composites were chemically performed using potassium dichromate (PDC) as an oxidant in an acidic medium at room temperature. The prepared polymer composites are characterized by IR spectroscopy, XRD and SEM. The interaction between polymer and borate glass is mainly via H-bonding and electrostatic attraction. The efficiency of all the synthesized polymeric samples as anticorrosive coating on mild steel in acidic mediumwas performed by using electrochemical techniques and well compared. The morphology of the coated samples after 7 days of immersion in 1.0 M HCl and the polarization and impedance results confirmed that the composite containing glass borate with0 % CuO (Graft100) represented the best coat with an efficiency of 94.6 %.
Concordance of three different methods to obtain samples for culture in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. A prospective study.
Authors: Torrens Carlos , Companys Raquel , Suárez-López Amaya , Pérez-Prieto Daniel , Santana Fernando , Alier Albert
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The objective of this study was to analyze the concordance of the results obtained when culturing samples that are obtained with three different methods.
Methods
Prospective study that includes primary Reverse shoulder arthroplasties. From all the patients, 9 cultures were obtained. There were 3 cultures obtained from skin at the beginning of surgery, 3 from the tissue around the insertion of the long biceps on the glenoid side and 3 from the tissue around the greater tuberosity on the humeral side. At each location one culture was obtained from a swab, another one was obtained from the instruments on the table, and another one was obtained from a newly-opened set of instruments.
Results
There were 87 patients included, leaving 783 culture samples for the analysis. Of those 783 samples, 69 turned to be positive: 57 were positive for C. acnes, 5 for S. epidermidis, 4 for other coagulase-negative staphylococcus and 3 were positive for other indolent microorganisms. Comparing the results obtained with the three different methods, the kappa coefficient for all positive cultures was 0.1894 for cultures taken from skin, 0.4891 for cultures from the glenoid and 0.5456 for cultures from the greater tuberosity. Therefore, the kappa coefficient obtained for the three different locations ranged from poor to moderate.
Conclusion
The samples obtained with swab, tissue cultures taken with the instruments of the table and tissue cultures taken with new sets of instruments lead to different culture results in shoulder arthroplasty.
Cognitive decline is correlated with frailty in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Chen Yi-Chun , Wu Yah-Yuan , Lee Chia-Ju , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Chung Ren-Hua , Hsiung Chao A. , Liu Tung-Hsia , Chen Wei J. , Liu Yu-Li
Published: October 2024

Background
Aging impacts both mental and physical health. The relationship between cognitive decline and frailty in aged individuals remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between cognitive and physical decline in elders, identify contributing factors, and explore potential blood biomarkers associated with these conditions.
Methods
Three groups at average aged of 65 (288 subjects), aged of 71 (196 subjects), and aged of 79 (80 subjects) were selected from the cohort of the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan (HALST) database. Variables included global cognitive function, assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Fried frailty phenotype, and plasma tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) were included. Statistical analyses utilized multiple regression analysis of variance, accounting for potential confounding variables.
Results
We found a gradual MMSE decline from average age of 65 to age of 79, which correlated with an increase in total frailty rating scores, especially in the components of exhaustion, slow walking speed, and weak grip strength (p ≦ 0.008). In addition, higher frailty scores were strongly associated with elevated plasma TNFR1 levels, particularly in components such as low physical activity, and weak grip strength (p ≦ 0.008).
Conclusion
Cognitive decline correlates with increase in frailty during aging process. Plasma TNFR1 emerges as a valuable indicator for identifying frailty in individuals.
Optimized fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller for two-wheeled self-balancing robots(TWSBR) using Multi-strategy improved Beluga Whale optimization algorithm(MSBWO)
Authors: ZHANG HUAQIANG , Nor Norzalilah Mohamad
Published: October 2024

In recent years, fractional-order controllers have seen a rise in popularity. These controllers provide researchers with increased flexibility in design, with intelligent optimization algorithms playing a critical role in parameter tuning. This study employs FOPID controllers for the control of a TWSBR. To ensure optimal performance, all controllers are optimized using intelligent algorithms. FOPID controllers introduce two additional parameters, $\lambda$ and $\mu$, resulting in a total of five parameters to optimize. The performance of each algorithm is influenced not only by its distinct structure but also by the specific characteristics of the optimization problem. Therefore, this paper introduces a Multi-strategy Improved Beluga Whale Optimization (MSBWO) algorithm and conducts a comprehensive performance evaluation. The parameters of the FOPID controller are fine-tuned using various popular algorithms, and the resultant system performances are compared. The results indicate that the FOPID controller, when optimized by MSBWO, outperforms other algorithms and consistently surpasses the performance of the integer-order PID controller under identical conditions.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 93C10 · 93C40 · 49M37 · 26A33
Exploring Multi-Temporal Scale Co-Location of Childhood Respiratory Disease Incidents in Nanning City: A Guide to Geographically and Temporally Weighted Colocation Quotients
Authors: Li Ling , Cheng Jianquan , Mai Xiongfa , Duan Lian , Mo Liping , Tan Jie
Published: October 2024

Background
The incidence of disease data occurring in close spatial and temporal proximity are likely to exhibit unobserved effects. Investigating the spatial and temporal associations among various categories of childhood respiratory diseases is a crucial for modelling of demographic, environmental, and behavioral factors influencing these diseases. Traditional spatial statistical methods that do not account for associations among incident categories risk producing spurious findings.
Methods
This paper presents a practical approach for effectively handling spatio-temporal incident disease data, with a particular emphasis on optimizing sample size, addressing class imbalance, and examining temporal effects within the framework of Geographically and Temporally Weighted Co-Location Quotient (GTWCLQ) analysis. We apply this approach to investigate the patterns of childhood respiratory diseases in Nanning City, using data at both monthly and daily scales from December 2016.
Results
By utilizing datasets spanning different time scales, we discern the spatio-temporal association patterns of childhood respiratory diseases and compare disparities across these temporal scales. Our findings reveal a higher aggregation of childhood respiratory diseases in Nanning City on a daily scale, particularly on days with poor air quality, compared to days with good air quality. Moreover, the experimental results show that temporal resolution can affect the intensity of the co-occurrence pattern, while duration influences its frequency, and starting time affects both intensity and frequency.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the utility of this practical guide in managing sample size and class imbalance within GTWCLQ analysis, establishing it as a valuable tool for exploring multi-scale spatio-temporal co-location patterns. Furthermore, this study enhances our understanding of the spatio-temporal distribution of childhood respiratory diseases, providing insights that can aid in identifying and mitigating potential underlying causes, which is of considerable significance for GIS-based health analysis and decision-making.
Efficiency detection technology for carrier communication model using instantaneous active power synchronization principle
Authors: YANG Lei
Published: October 2024

In order to improve the efficiency detection ability of carrier communication model, this study designed a carrier communication model efficiency detection method based on the instantaneous active power synchronization principle. Based on the instantaneous active power synchronization principle, a new carrier communication model was designed, which includes data information sender, data information attenuator, communication load simulator, communication line noise simulator and data receiving end. The data parameters of carrier communication include carrier frequency, data rate, modulation mode, carrier bandwidth, noise and interference, communication distance, communication rate and communication quality, etc. The efficiency detection ability of carrier communication model is greatly improved by genetic algorithm. Through experiments, the detection efficiency of this research method is more than 90%, which greatly improves the efficiency detection ability of carrier communication model.