bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kreativitas dan Prestasi Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran PAI Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Discoveri Learning Berbantu Aplikasi Google Classroom Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Sidoharjo Wonogiri
Authors: Mintahti Imroati
Published: May 2022

Latar Belakang: Era pandemi COVID-19,  satu aplikasi yang dapat menjembatani antara siswa dengan guru agar pembelajaran tetap berjalan dengan baik. Salah satu aplikasi yang sering dimanfaatkan dalam melakukan pembelajaran daring (online) saat ini adalah Google Classroom,  dimana aplikasi ini sudah terintegrasi dengan platform aplikasi lainnya,  seperti youtube dan juga Google Drive. Pembelajaran kelas online dengan menggunakan Tools Google Classroom yang berbasis discovery learning memiliki penilaian yang baik.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kreativitas dan prestasi hasil belajar mata pelajaran PAI menggunakan model pembelajaran discoveri learning berbantu aplikasi Google Classroom kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Sidoharjo Wonogiri.

Metode: Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan penelitian tindak kelas (PTK). Pada PTK,  tahap penelitian terdiri dari empat tahap,  yaitu perencanaan,  pelaksanaan tindakan,  observasi dan refleksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi,  catatan lapangan,  wawancara,  tes,  dan rekaman.

Hasil:  Hasil wawancara digunakan untuk mengetahui respon belajar siswa terhadap model pembelajaran discovery berbasis Google Classroom. 

Kesimpulan: Hasil belajar mendiskripsikan materi kemampuan dasar berempati mengalami peningkatan sub pokok bahasan mudah,  hormat itu indah,  mari berempati,  mari menghormati orang tua,  mari menghormati kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Sidoharjo Wonogiri mata pelajaran PAI semester genap Nilai rata-rata pre -Musim 2020/2021 sebelum tindakan guru 67, 73 poin,  siklus I 64, 20 poin,  siklus II rata-rata 81, 87 poin,  dan siklus III rata-rata 88, 10 poin. Tingkat ketuntasan klasikal adalah 20% sebelum tindakan,  26, 66% pada siklus I,  naik menjadi 63, 33% setelah siklus II,  dan naik lagi menjadi 93, 33% setelah siklus III.
Analisis Kebutuhan Buku Ajar Bahasa Inggris dalam Materi Pembelajaran Tingkat SMK Jurusan Teknik Komputer Jaringan
Authors: Sutarji Sutarji
Published: May 2022

The systematization of books (teaching materials) so that students can use them to achieve learning objectives. Teachers must have the ability to develop teaching materials according to the needs of students. Lack of textbooks in teaching at the SMK level, especially English textbooks. The purpose of this study was to identify some data and the match between the content in English textbooks and the needs of students at SMK 1 Gondang, Nganjuk. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Collecting data through interviews and questionnaire surveys on students and literature review. The population and sample in this study were grade X students and English textbooks for SMK. It can be seen that the needs of SMK students majoring in Network Computer Engineering related to learning English are in accordance with the existing KD SK in accordance with the knowledge learned in Network Computer Engineering. Based on the results of interviews, it was stated that the needs of SMK students majoring in TKJ in English are those who introduce the industrial world a lot, the ability to communicate in the general and industrial environment, and are familiar with vocabulary, especially terms, procedures, and the competence of SMK majoring in Network Computer Engineering in general. The description above shows that students' expectations and learning situations can build English language learning in meeting the needs of students effectively. The needs of SMK students majoring in TKJ for those related to learning English are in accordance with the existing KD SK and in accordance with the knowledge learned in TKJ.
Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pondok Pesanten Ma’hadut Tholabah Babakan Lebaksiu Kabupaten Tegal
Authors: Adhi Santoso Nugroho , Rochim Abdul
Published: May 2022

Jumlah santri, pengurus, dan pengampu materi pembelajaran di Pondok pesantren Ma’hadut Tholabah Lebaksiu yang cukup banyak dengan pengelolaan manajemen yang masih secara manual membuat pondok ini mengalami berbagai kendala saat melakukan manajemen, misalnya menyebabkan kesulitan untuk pengecekan santri-santri yang masih aktif maupun yang sudah menjadi alumni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghindari terjadinya kesalahan yang timbul akibat pencatatan data, mewujudkan suatu sistem informasi manajemen pondok berbasis web pesantren yang didalamnya mencakup aspek- aspek pelayanan sehingga dapat memberikan informasi yang dibutuhkan Pondok Pesantren Ma’hadut Tholabah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan metode WDLC dengan tahapannya adalah analisis, penentuan spesifikasi, struktur situs dan desain, pengembangan, pegujian, pemasaran, dan pemeliharaan. Sedangkan untuk pengambilan data peneliti menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan kepustakaan. Pada pengembangan sistem informasi manajemen ini peneliti menggunakan web server dengan menggunakan MySQL dan PHP. MySQL dan PHP digunakan untuk membuat sistem manajemen database yang dapat memudahkan sistem pendataan manajemen secara terkomputerisasi. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah rancangan sistern informasi manajemen Pondok Pesantren Ma’hadut Tholabah yang mampu memudahkan proses manajemen pendataan sehingga pendataan yang dilakukan tidak hanya secara manual tetapi bisa tersimpan dalam sebuah program aplikasi yang dapat diakses oleh admin pengelola Pondok Pesantren Ma’hadut Tholabah.
SARS-Cov-2 Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Akbaş Enver , Akın Mustafa Salih
Published: May 2022

Objective: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are polygenic disorders. Patients with IBD, especially ulcerative colitis (UC), are more vulnerable to infections because of medications. Key COVID-19-related factors/risks have not been well-researched in IBD patients. In this study, we compared IBD patients with control patients who presented to our clinic with COVID-19 infection suspicion regarding COVID-19 PCR test positivity, COVID-19 pneumonia, hospitalization, and need for treatment at the intensive care unit (ICU).
Material and Methods: Thiscohort study included 480 IBD patients as cases and 9,269 age- and gender-matched control patients who came to our hospital for complaints/checkups and were tested for COVID-19 PCR.
Results: Covid-19 positivity was higher in IBD patients than in controls. COVID-19 pneumonia rates were higher in IBD compared to the pneumonia rate of Turkey — mainly due to the high prevalence of COVID-19 pneumonia in UC as none of the Crohn’s disease (CD) patients experienced COVID-19 pneumonia. Hospitalization was significantly higher in UC than in CD and higher in IBD than in controls. Hospitalization at ICU was significantly higher in UC than in the controls. There were no IBD patients who died because of COVID-19 infection.
Conclusion: IBD patients have a significantly higher rate of COVID-19 PCR positivity, COVID-19 pneumonia, hospitalization, and the need for ICU than the controls; however, mortality is comparable.
Factors associated with the recovery of chemotherapy induced cardiomyopathy in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer
Authors: Açıkgöz Eser , Açıkgöz Sadık Kadri , Arslan Ülkü Yalçıntaş , Ceren İmran
Published: May 2022

Objective: Chemotherapy induced cardiomyopathy (CI-CMP) is an important and potentially deadly complication of chemotherapy. However, factors associated with the recovery of CI-CMP have not been studied adequately so far. In this study, determinants of the recovery of CI-CMP in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer patients who received a chemotherapy regimen consisting of Doxorubicin, Trastuzumab, Paclitaxel and Cyclophosphamide and developed CI-CMP were investigated.
Material and Methods: 88 patients with CI-CMP among 1.410 HER2 positive breast cancer patients were enrolled and followed up for a median of 64 months. A multivariate logistic regression analysis model was used to assess the association between recovery of CI-CMP and other variables
Results: The median age of the participants was 52, and similar between groups. CI-CMP was recovered in 52 patients (59.1 %). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, clinical heart failure, ECG anomaly, visceral metastasis, heart rate and blood glucose were significantly lower in recovered patients. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus (OR 0.030, CI 0.010-0.083, p<0.001), heart rate (OR 0.799, CI 0.700-0.913, p<0.001), minimum LVEF during follow-up (OR 1.115, CI 1.015-1.223, p=0.03), development of clinical heart failure (OR 0.238, CI 0.098-0.876, p=0.022) and visceral metastasis (OR 0.022, CI 0.002-0.226, p=0.001) were independent predictors of the recovery of CI-CMP.
Conclusion: According to our results, Diabetes mellitus, heart rate, minimum LVEF during follow-up, development of clinical heart failure, and presence of visceral metastasis were independently associated with the recovery of CI-CMP. Particularly, relationship between diabetes and recovery of CI-CMP is notable and deserves further research.
AUTOMATION OF THE CALCULATION SYSTEM IN THE SEARCH FOR OPTIMAL ROUTES FOR TRUCKS
Authors: Zverev Andrey , Kobozev Vladimir
Published: May 2022

An example of the development of an automated system for calculating optimal vehicle routes is considered
AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR ACCOUNTING OF SPORTS PERFORMANCE IN NORDIC WALKING
Authors: Kotlyarov Viktor , Krivov Maksim
Published: May 2022

The article considers the creation of an information system with a web interface for information support and automation of the processes of the Baikal Nordic Walking Federation, which makes it possible to simplify the attitude of athletes in the system of sports events
SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF SEARCHING THE SHORTEST WAY ON THE BASIS OF A ROUTE NETWORK USING THE FLOYD ALGORITHM
Authors: Kulakova Irina , Fedotova Anastasya
Published: May 2022

The process of creating an electronic document management information system is considered
RESEARCH AND CONSTRUCTION OF FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS AT THE STAND "FUNDAMENTALS OF THE THEORY OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL"
Authors: Patrushev Konstantin , Uvarov Aleksandr
Published: May 2022

The procedure for constructing frequency characteristics on the stand "basics of the theory of automatic control" is considered
ON CARRYING OUT NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF PISTON-TYPE PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS ON THE DATA OF SHAFT ROTATION AXIS DISPLACEMENT
Authors: El'hutov Sergey , Lucenko Pavel
Published: May 2022

The possibility of carrying out non-destructive testing of pumps and piston-type compressors according to the data of the movement of the shaft rotation axis in the plane
UNIFIED REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLIC PLACES
Authors: Vlasova Natal'ya
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the basic requirements for public places in accordance with the requirements of the brand book of the structural enterprises of JSC "Russian Railways"
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FORECASTING MODELS DEMAND FOR FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION
Authors: Lebedeva Ol'ga
Published: May 2022

The article compares traditional freight demand forecasting models with tour-based models and discusses the features, advantages, limitations and suitability of models for testing on a real transport network. The aim of the study is to provide an overview of available freight demand forecasting models for inclusion in the transportation planning process
DEVELOPMENT OF A LAND USE SIMULATOR FOR THE URBAN TERRITORY
Authors: Lebedeva Ol'ga , Tarasova Zlata
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the process of developing a typical model of urban land use, since effective planning and management of the transport system requires both data on current conditions and the ability to predict the functioning of transport systems with different scenarios
THE ANALYSIS OF STYRENE PRODUCTION METHODS
Authors: Vuitsik Evgeny , Dement'ev Anatoliy , Podoplelov Evgeniy
Published: May 2022

The paper analyzes some existing methods of obtaining styrene, their advantages and disadvantages are noted
FEATURES OF THE APPLICATION OF THE SMART GRID IN THE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF THE IRKUTSK REGION
Authors: Golovanov Igor' , Zhil'nikov Dmitriy , Zhukov Nikita , Serbulov Alexey
Published: May 2022

The issue of using the Smart Grid intelligent network in the power supply systems of the Irkutsk region is considered
ELECTRIC MOTORS IN DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Konovalov Yuriy , Zhukov Nikita , Salimov Behrus
Published: May 2022

An overview of the options for using specialized electric motors in the context of the introduction of modern digital technologies is presented, and the benefits obtained are considered
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE STATE OF ENERGY SECURITY WHEN EVALUATING OPTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX
Authors: Kononov Dmitriy
Published: May 2022

The importance of assessing the probable state of energy security when comparing options for the development of the energy industry is shown. Various methodological approaches to such an assessment are proposed at different time stages of predictive studies of the fuel and energy complex. The indicators developed by the author characterizing the state of energy security in the short and long term are given
ABOUT SOLVING LOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THE PROLOGUE
Authors: Turkina Nadeshda , Chihachev Sergey
Published: May 2022

The solution of one logical problem in the SWIpl package is given
ANALYSIS OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS BY THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Biryukova Olesya , Filippova Tamara
Published: May 2022

The activity of the enterprise was considered and the analysis of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere was carried out
EXPERIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION METHODOLOGY OF THE HYGIENE REGULATION OF JOINTLY OPERATING HARMFUL FACTORS AS A SYSTEM OF INTERRELATED METHODS
Authors: Katul'skiy Yuriy
Published: May 2022

The features of the combined action of harmful factors do not allow us to correctly give an experimental justification for the hygienic regulation of jointly acting agents using traditional approaches that use data on their isolated action. It is shown that in this case a methodology is need-ed that takes into account the features of the joint action and is an optimal system of interrelated methods for solving the problems of experiment planning, modeling the dose-time dependence of the toxic effect and data analysis from a given point of view
BASIC FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS
Authors: Prusakova Aleksandra , Donzova Olga
Published: May 2022

The basic requirements for fire safety of administrative buildings are considered
MASS NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN CHILDREN AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE PERIOD OF POST-SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Prusakova Aleksandra , Prusakov Valeriy
Published: May 2022

The contributions of environmental factors to the formation of long-term dynamics of the incidence of mass non-communicable diseases and the corresponding adaptation processes in children of industrial and non-industrial territories of the Irkutsk region during the reforms and transformational crisis of the 1990s and subsequent economic growth are analyzed. Proposed measures to reduce the incidence in the region
ABOUT THE DISADVANTAGES OF MODERN COMBINED ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
Authors: Usov Konstantin
Published: May 2022

Based on the literature data, the disadvantages of modern combined anti-tuberculosis drugs are highlighted
ON THE MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE OF MYCOBAC-TERIUM TUBERCULOSIS TO INH AND PZA CAUSED BY THE EXPRESSION OF A NUMBER OF GENES
Authors: Usov Konstantin
Published: May 2022

Based on the literature data, the mechanisms of development of M. Tuberculosis drug resistance to isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA) were analyzed. It was revealed that one mechanism of resistance to INH is a single amino acid mutation in the inhA gene (S94A). And the diverse nature of pncA mutations is unique for the resistance of M. Tuberculosis to PZA
3,5-DIMETHYL-1,4-THIATELLURINE: SYNTHESIS, ISOMERIZATION, PREPARATIONMETHYL DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE IN THEELECTROLYTENICKELPLATING
Authors: Manuylov Viktor , Lukashov Pavel , Sosnovskaya Nina , Korchevin Nikolay
Published: May 2022

A method for obtaining 3,5-dimethyl-1,4-thiatellurine has been developed. The 1H NMR method shows the presence of two isomers in the product. By reaction with methyl iodide, tellurium salts were obtained, which showed an effect on the quality of the coatings obtained during electrochemical nickel plating
DETERMINATION OF TOXIC AND LETHAL DOSES OF ISONIAZID IN ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF AGE ON ITS TOLERABILITY
Authors: Usov Konstantin
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of experimental studies. The experimental data obtained indicate the influence of chronological age on the toxicity of isoniazid
THE PROBLEM OF DISTINGUISHING ABSTRACT NOUNS
Authors: Grin Nadezhda
Published: May 2022

The article discusses various classifications of nouns. The traditional division of nouns does not always represent a coherent scheme that would cover the entire class of substantive units. However, it is indisputable that in the vast majority of works that consider the classification of nouns, the authors distinguish a subgroup of abstract nouns
GLOSS-FORMING REAGENTS FOR OBTAINING SHINY NICKEL COATINGS
Authors: Alaf'eva Marina , Sosnovskaya Nina , Korchevin Nikolay
Published: May 2022

An empirical scheme of classification of gloss-forming reagents for the electrochemical nickel plating process is considered. It is shown that despite the division of organic compounds into 2 classes, the mechanism of action of gloss-forming additives has not yet been fully elucidated
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIAL TRANSLATION
Authors: Yushko Galina
Published: May 2022

The article describes the main peculiarities of special texts
IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE K-10 COLUMN OF THE GC-3 NPP OF ANKHK JSC
Authors: Medvedeva Anastasiya , Aslamov Aleksandr
Published: May 2022

The article presents comparative characteristics of mass transfer plates. It is established that in order to increase the productivity and efficiency of the K-10 column of the GC-3 installation of the ANKHK NPP, it is necessary to retrofit S-shaped elements to S-shaped elements with valves. This will increase productivity by 25...30% and maintain high separation efficiency in a wide range of workloads with minimal reconstruction costs
FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH WORK UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Sorokina Anna
Published: May 2022

The importance of research work of university students is considered, the functions of research work are listed and their characteristics are supplemented
THE IMPACT OF INCOME TAX ON INTEREST ON DEPOSITS ON THE PROFITABILITY OF BANK DEPOSITS
Authors: Cheklaukova Elena
Published: May 2022

The article calculates the income tax payable on income from bank deposits on the example of three different ruble deposits. As a result, the relationship between the tax burden and the deposit amount was revealed
VALEOLOGICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS IN THE CLASSROOM PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Yaroshevich Irina
Published: May 2022

The work on valeological education students is considered. It is extremely important for students to know the aspects of health and a healthy lifestyle that allow the individual's creative abilities to be fully revealed
CORROSION PROTECTION OF PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT BUTYL ALCOHOLS
Authors: Neudachin Anton , Kovalyuk Elena
Published: May 2022

The possible causes of corrosion of the top of the K-5 column for separating the ether head from technical butyl alcohol and solving this problem are considered
ESTIMATION OF THE THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM OF NON-IDEAL SOLUTIONS FROM SURFACE TENSION DATA
Authors: Semenov Ivan , Shefer Pavel
Published: May 2022

The paper considers the estimation of the thermodynamic equilibrium of binary solutions according to the data on their surface tension. The parameters of the Margulis model for acetone-water and methanol-water mixtures are estimated
ABOUT THE METHOD OF DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: Chernigovskaya Marina , Pozdnyakova Valeria
Published: May 2022

An alternative method for determining the structure of polymer composite materials is proposed. This method is based on the complex use of physical, mechanical and spectral methods of analysis
INFLUENCE OF THE COOLANT FLOW SPEED ON THE EFFICIENCY OF THE AMMONIA CONDENSER
Authors: Scherbin Sergey , Bedenk Pavel
Published: May 2022

The results of thermal and hydraulic calculations of the ammonia condenser are presented. The influence of the number of pipe passages and the cooling water flow velocity on the efficiency of heat exchange and the hydraulic resistance of the apparatus is considered
OPTIMAL THICKNESS OF THERMAL INSULATION
Authors: Scherbin Sergey , Glotov Valeriy , Glotov Anatoliy
Published: May 2022

The method of determining the optimal thickness of thermal insulation from the condition of minimizing the unit annual costs is considered
SOME OPTIONS FOR RECYCLING THE CONTENTS OF THE SEDIMENTATION TANKS OF THE BAIKAL PULP AND PAPER MILL
Authors: Scherbin Sergey , Evdokimenko Dmitriy
Published: May 2022

The options of using the contents of the sedimentation tanks of the Baikal pulp and paper mill for the production of drilling reagents and lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins are considered, which will contribute to improving the environmental situation in the Baikal region
INTEGRATION OF A COMPUTER MODEL WITH VR/AR-TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Abramov Oleg , Bystrov Alexandr , Krivov Maksim
Published: May 2022

The integration of VR/AR-technology with the computer simulator complex of the boiler unit BKZ-160-100F is considered
The Case for Overseas Article III Courts: The Blackwater Effect and Criminal Accountability in the Age of Privatization, The
Authors: Williams Alan
Published: May 2022

A series of high-profile cases involving the alleged murders of Iraqi civilians by U.S. contractors operating overseas has highlighted the longstanding problem of how best to address crimes committed overseas by civilian employees, dependents, or contractors of the U.S. government. Among the most notorious of these incidents is the alleged killing of seventeen Iraqi civilians in Nisour Square in Baghdad on September 16, 2007 by employees of Blackwater Worldwide, a private corporation specializing in military operations that has subsequently renamed itself "Xe."2News reports of this incident prompted embarrassment and outrage as many Americans learned that U.S. civilian contractors like the Blackwater/Xe employees serving overseas had been operating with impunity during the U.S. invasion and occupation of Iraq. Although a federal judge recently dismissed the cases of the five former Blackwater employees charged in the Nisour Square incident because of the prosecution's misuse of compelled statements, unresolved questions linger about whether the assertion of criminal jurisdiction over them was proper in the first place.
Encouraging Savings under the Earned Income Tax Credit: A Nudge in the Right Direction
Authors: Lindsey Vada
Published: May 2022

During 2007, 3.6 million or 9.7% of people in the United States age 65 or older were below the poverty level. In light of the number of elderly people living below the poverty level, it is important that everyone, including low-income workers, have the opportunity to save for retirement. Low-income workers face many challenges to saving for retirement. The barriers to saving include the lack of access to retirement plans and lack of investment savvy. For example, only 42 % of workers employed in service occupations in the private industry have access to employer retirement plans. The percentage drops to 39% for part-time employees. This Article proposes that the earned income tax credit (EITC) be expanded to encourage saving to help reduce the poverty level. The Article argues that the EITC should be structured to "nudge" low-income workers to invest in retirement plans and individual retirement accounts to lower the likelihood that they will live below the poverty level at retirement. The Article then discusses the importance of saving and the ways in which the government has encouraged lower income workers to accumulate wealth. Because these efforts have not succeeded in increasing the savings rate of low-income workers, the government must take additional measures to encourage them to save. This Article outlines a detailed plan for the adoption of a saving component to the EITC and outlines the importance of automatic contributions in conjunction with the EITC to maximize the success of the saving component. The plan also includes a government match in certain circumstances but requires forfeiture of the match for early withdrawals.
NEPA in the Hot Seat: A Proposal for an Office of Environmental Analysis
Authors: Cohen Aliza
Published: May 2022

Judicial deference under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) can be problematic. It is a well-established rule of administrative law that courts will grant a high degree of deference to agency decisions. They do this out of respect for agency expertise and policy judgment. This deference is applied to NEPA lawsuits without acknowledging the special pressures that agencies face while assessing the environmental impacts of their own projects. Though there is a strong argument that these pressures undermine the reasons for deferential review, neither the statute nor the courts have provided plaintiffs with adequate means to remedy this problem. Agency pressure and environmental harms are often amplified in the context of climate change and can lead to incongruous results that are scientifically questionable, counter to NEPA's expressive environmental policy, or both. In light of the current deficiencies in the interpretation and application of the law and the pressing issue of global warming, the time is ripe for reforms that will ensure that agency decisions reflect NEPA's expressive purpose and are, at the very least, supported by honest science. This Note proposes an external office to address NEPA's shortcomings by providing a higher level of scientific review for agency analyses under NEPA. The proposed review grants the wide deference for policy judgments that the administrative state requires, while acknowledging the places where an agency may not be in the best position to adjudge the veracity of the environmental impacts of its own projects.
Databases and Dynamism
Authors: Shur-Ofry Michal
Published: May 2022

Databases are generally perceived in legal scholarship as static warehouses, storing up valuable facts and information. Accordingly, scholarship on copyright protection of databases typically concentrates on the social need to access their content. This Article seeks to shift the focus of the debate, arguing that the copyright-databases debate is not merely a static "access to information" story. Instead, it is a dynamic story of relations, hierarchies, and interactions between pieces of information, determined by database creators. It is also a story of patterns, categories, selections, and taxonomies that are often invisible to the naked eye, but that influence our perceptions of the world in manners of which we are seldom aware. Relying on socio-psychological literature and communication theories concerning complexity, categorization, and stereotyping, this Article examines the dynamic dimension of databases. It argues that this narrative should direct legal attention toward the protection afforded by copyright not to contents of databases, but rather to their "selection and arrangement "-an element which has been largely ignored by legal scholarship. While the Article does not advocate a complete expiry of copyright in "selections and arrangements," it does hope to spark a discussion with respect to their social and economic role, and add a new dimension to the copyright- database debate.
The Texas Wind Estate: Wind as a Natural Resource and a Severable Property Interest
Authors: Alexander Alan
Published: May 2022

In 2011, Texas is again at the forefront of an energy boom: the wind energy boom. In 2006, Texas surpassed California and became the US. state with the most installed capacity to produce wind energy, and Texas' level of installed capacity has continued to grow. But the law has not kept pace with this growth. Similar to the initial growth of the oil and gas industry in Texas, the wind energy industry was also born, and continues to grow, in the absence of clear legal and regulatory standards. Lack of regulation in the early development of the oil industry contributed to oversupply and rampant waste of oil. Similarly, lack of regulation of the developing wind energy industry could lead to wasteful practices regarding wind energy development. This Note argues that the Texas Legislature should pass laws clarifying that wind is a natural resource under the Texas Constitution, and that to promote "[t]he conservation and development" of wind as a natural resource, the Legislature should statutorily recognize wind rights as an interest severable from land ownership.
Adverse Possession, Private-Zoning Waiver & Desuetude: Abandonment & Recapture of Property and Liberty Interests
Authors: Shepard Scott
Published: May 2022

Adverse-possession doctrine labors under a pair of disabilities: a hesitancy by theorists to embrace the abandonment-and-recapture principle that informs the doctrine, and a substantial unwillingness of governments to abandon an antiquated and outmoded maxim shielding them from the doctrine's important work. Removing these disabilities will allow a series of positive outcomes. First, it will demonstrate that all would-be adverse possessors, not just those acting "in good faith" or with possessory intent, should enjoy the fruits of the doctrine. Second, it will provide valuable additional means by which the public may monitor the performance of government employees, and additional discipline to governments tempted to allow their aspirational commitments to outstrip their fiscal capacities. As an added benefit, it can achieve these ends without posing any threat to emergent environmental values, while serving as a positive support for effective government conservation efforts. Moreover, once adverse possession is recognized as a process of abandonment and recapture, and is applied to government entities as well as to private, opportunities arise to employ the doctrine expansively for the protection of property and liberty interests against aggressive overregulation and overcriminalization. The doctrine can become a tool for tempering and restraining burgeoning zoning and other property- and liberty-curtailing regulations by declaring regulations that have gone long unenforced in the face of broad, open public violation to be abandoned and unenforceable. Perhaps most intriguingly, it can provide a secure foundation in the American legal system for the doctrine of desuetude, by which long-violated and long-unenforced criminal prohibitions lose their restrictive capacity.
Leveling Localism and Racial Inequality in Education through the No Child Left behind Act Public Choice Provision
Authors: Wilson Erika
Published: May 2022

School district boundary lines play a pivotal role in shaping students' educational opportunities. Living on one side of a school district boundary rather than another can mean the difference between being able to attend a high-achieving resource-enriched school or having to attend a low-achieving resource-deprived school. Despite the prominent role that school district boundary lines play in dictating educational opportunities for students, remedies formulated by the federal judiciary-the institution frequently looked upon to address issues of school segregation and inequality-are ineffective in ameliorating disparities between school districts. They are ineffective because the federal judiciary evidences a doctrinal preference for localism in its school equity jurisprudence. This doctrinal preference for localism has led the federal judiciary to, among other things, find inter-district school desegregation plans unconstitutional while upholding the constitutionality of school financing schemes with gross disparities in per-pupil spending between school districts. This Article suggests that a new remedial paradigm that embraces regionalism as an antidote to the localism found in the federal judiciary's school equity jurisprudence is necessary to combat segregation and inequality between school districts. One potential remedial solution lies in the No Child Left Behind Act public choice provision, which allows students to transfer from a failing school to a non-failing one. This Article argues that Congress should amend the public choice provision during NCLB's next re-authorization by adopting a statutory framework similar to the framework found in portions of the Fair Housing Act, which embraces regionalism and citizen mobility as a means of facilitating integration and equality.
Transplant Candidates and Substance Use: Adopting Rational Health Policy for Resource Allocation
Authors: Minelli Erin , Liang Bryan
Published: May 2022

Organ transplant candidates are often denied life saving organs on account of their medical marijuana drug use. Individuals who smoke medicinal marijuana are typically classified as substance abusers, and ultimately deemed ineligible for transplantation, despite their receipt of the drug under a physician's supervision and prescription. However, patients who smoke cigarettes or engage in excessive alcohol consumption are routinely considered for placement on the national organ transplant waiting list. Transplant facilities have the freedom to regulate patient selection criteria with minimal oversight. As a result, the current organ allocation system in the United States is rife with inconsistencies and results in disparities in allocation decisions. This Article reviews the history and underlying rationale of organ allocation in the United States and the National Organ Transplant Act. It then examines ill-founded policies regarding transplant candidates who present issues of substance "abuse" compared with substance "use," and the resulting disparities in waiting-list criteria. In response, a model rule for a national set of patient selection guidelines is provided. Definitions of terms, distinctions regarding proper patient classification, and protocols for a second chance policy to be used in the event of a relapse among wait-listed patients are addressed. Finally, stipulations that require designated abstention periods as well as random drug screenings in relation to subsequent relisting are also included. This policy distinguishes between candidates who present issues of substance use versus substance abuse. The use of such a model allocation policy will promote equity and scientific bases in the organ allocation process.
Emphasizing Substance: Making the Case for a Shift in Political Speech Jurisprudence
Authors: Niedrich Anastasia
Published: May 2022

Political speech is vital to a functioning democracy and is highly protected. That much is hardly disputed. What courts, legal scholars, and those seeking to convey a political message do dispute is how political speech should be identified and protected, and who should decide what constitutes political speech. This Note looks at the history of political speech doctrine and critiques two intent-based approaches that have been proposed by First Amendment scholars to define political speech. This Note proposes a solution to many problems inherent in defining, identifying, and protecting political speech within intent-based frameworks, arguing that focusing on intent creates a distinction without a difference and leads to uneven results in similar situations. The proposed solution, which I term the "Substance-based Political Contribution" Approach, focuses on the substance of the speech and the objective contribution it makes to political discourse, rather than focusing solely on the intent of the speaker or actor. This approach finds support in history and precedent, and is based on the Supreme Court's recent decision in FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life. An objective approach emphasizing substance rather than intent, such as the Substance-based Political Contribution Approach, will more effectively consider and evaluate free speech rights and First Amendment concerns, providing greater determinacy, preventing unequal results in similar instances of speech or action, and protecting a greater proportion of expressive conduct, to the benefit of all.
What Do We Want in a Presidential Primary - An Election Law Perspective
Authors: Flanders Chad
Published: May 2022

Although the 2008 presidential primaries were in many ways a resounding success in terms of turnout, attention, and sheer excitement, many noted the pressing need for reform. States were rushing to hold their primaries sooner than ever, giving rise to "Super-Duper Tuesday," where twenty-four states had their primaries on the same day. The Democratic nominee at one point looked like it might be decided by the votes of so-called "Superdelegates"-party regulars beholden to no one. As the Democratic nomination contest wore on, Rush Limbaugh, in "Operation Chaos," encouraged his "dittoheads" to raid the party primaries of the Democrats, tilting the vote against Obama, the presumptive nominee. And there were continued grumblings about the disproportionate influence Iowa and New Hampshire had on the whole process. Fortunately, reform is in the air. The Democratic National Committee's "Commission for Change" has released its proposals for altering how the Democrats run their primaries. It is unclear how, if at all, the Republicans will follow suit. But how are we to evaluate such proposals? What do we want in a presidential primary? My Article, borrowing from the vital field of election law, proposes a set of values by which we should evaluate the presidential primaries. By investigating the various players in the nomination process-voters, parties, and the state-I isolate three major sets of "constitutional values" that are implicated in the presidential primary system: (1) the right of voters to an effective and meaningful vote, (2) the interests of the political parties in their autonomy and ideological purity (as well as in electoral victory), and (3) the concern of state and federal governments that the nomination process be legitimate, competitive, and produce a candidate who is capable of governing. Finally, I propose a master value-that of "deliberation"-that both explains and unifies the various competing values at play in the primaries. And I analyze the two major proposals for reforming the primaries, a national primary and a series of regional primaries, as well as the recommendations of the Democratic National Committee, in light of the goal of achieving "deliberative primaries." Last question-and I'm not sure if you even have a sense or if it's even appropriate to speculate-but do you think the new rules will favor a certain type of candidate? Does it favor a candidate who surges early like in the old Iowa and New Hampshire model, or a candidate who is strong regionally, or a candidate with wide but not deep support across the whole country? Rules do matter ....
Pengaruh Pendekatan Open-Ended Problem terhadap Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa
Authors: Br Brahmana Kharisma
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the Open-ended problem learning approach on students' critical mathematical thinking on the matter of quadratic equations and functions in class IX SMP Santo Xaverius 2 Kabanjahe. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research with the research population that is all students of class IX SMP Santo Xaverius 2 Kabanjahe. With the purposive random sampling technique, the research sample for class IX-A consisted of 35 students, but due to the pandemic, only 10 students were included. The instrument used was a post-test question in the form of an essay question that had been tested for instrument validation and a student response questionnaire regarding the application of the Open-ended problem learning approach. After conducting the research, the post-test average was 74.86 with a standard deviation of 21 , 34 and the mean score of the student response questionnaire was 74.4 with a standard deviation of 5.14. The results of the normality test indicate that X and Y are normally distributed. Furthermore, the regression and correlation tests were carried out with α = 0.05. From this test, it was concluded that there was a significant effect of the Open-ended Problem learning approach on students' mathematical critical thinking on the material of equations and quadratic functions for class IX SMP Santo Xaverius 2 Kabanjahe. After learning in the classroom, a questionnaire was given to students' responses regarding the Open-end problem approach and the final score was obtained with a good assessment category.
HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA Studi Literatur Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Dengan Model Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournaments (Tgt)
Authors: Napitupulu Tiofanny
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji literatur tentang model kooperatif tipe teams games tournaments (tgt) untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika. Pembelajaran matematika pada umumnya terpusat pada guru yang aktif. Hal ini membuat pelajaran matematika tidak menarik dan menimbulkan kejenuhan pada murid. Permasalahan ini berakibat pada hasil belajar matematika tidak seperti yang diharapkan. Dengan membuat murid aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika memberikan suasana yang berbeda terhadap murid. Murid menjadi aktif dan bisa saling menghargai dalam bekerjasama dalam satu kelompok. Murid jadi lebih berani bertanya dan mengutarakan pendapatnya. Hal ini membuat hasil belajar matematika murid menjadi meningkat
HUBUNGAN FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN DAN FILSAFAT MATEMATIKA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Simangunsong Venny Herawati
Published: May 2022

Etymologically (meaning according to the word) the term philosophy comes from the Greek philosophia. This word is a compound word philos which means lover or friend of knowledge, and sophia which means wisdom or wisdom. Whereas mathematics has long been considered the most familiar source of certain knowledge to mankind. The word mathematics comes from the Latin word mathematics which was originally taken from the Greek word mathematike which means studying. Philosophy of educational disciplines is metadisiplinary, in the sense that it relates to concepts, ideas, and methods of educational science. Education requires a philosophy because educational problems are not only related to the implementation of education which is limited by experience, but wider, deeper, and more complex problems, which are not limited by experience or educational facts, and cannot be reached by educational science. . Educational philosophy must be able to provide guidance to educators (teachers). This will color their behavior in managing the teaching and learning process (PBM). In addition, understanding the philosophy of education will keep them from groping, trying without planning in solving educational problems.
Wielokulturowość w filmach NRD? Próba opisania zjawiska, którego mogło nie być
Authors: Gwóźdź Andrzej
Published: May 2022

Z filmów wytwórni DEFA autor wywodzi hipotezę reglamentowanego multikulturalizmu kina NRD. Wskazuje na dyskursy multikulturowe w filmach na temat dalszej i bliższej historii: wielokulturowego pogranicza Prus Zachodnich w końcu XIX w. (Młyn Lewina, reż. Horst Seemann, 1980) czy konfrontacji kultury pruskiej i urugwajskiej na przełomie XVIII i XIX w. (Zdobywanie Chimborazo, reż. Rainer Simon, 1989). Podejmuje kwestię konfrontacji kultury NRD-owskiej i polskiej (Klucze, reż. Egon Günther, 1972/1974; Przez siedem mostów musisz przejść, reż. Hans Werner, 1978). Proponuje namysł nad propagandowym lokowaniem wizerunków Angeli Davis i Deana Reada w dwóch filmach związanych z X Światowym Festiwalem Młodzieży i Studentów w Berlinie w sierpniu 1973 r. Główny akcent zostaje zaś położony na filmy tematyzujące emigrację polityczną z Ameryki Południowej (Kwiecień ma 30 dni, reż. Gunther Scholz, 1979; Izabela na schodach, reż. Hannelore Unterberg, 1984; Blond Tango, reż. Lothar Warneke, 1986).
Wobec zła. Problem gnozy w polskich filmach Andrzeja Żuławskiego z lat 70.
Authors: Maron Marcin
Published: May 2022

W artykule zostały omówione trzy filmy Andrzeja Żuławskiego z lat 70. – Trzecia część nocy (1971), Diabeł (1972) i Na srebrnym globie (1976-1977/1986-1987) – w kontekście inspiracji i podobieństw z gnozą rozumianą jako nurt doświadczenia i myślenia egzystencjalnego (Hans Jonas), religijnego (Kurt Rudolph) i ideologicznego (Eric Voegelin), a także jako „mit artystyczny” (Hans Blumenberg), umożliwiający opowieść o ambiwalencji kondycji ludzkiej. Zasadniczym tematem twórczości filmowej Żuławskiego, podobnie jak wszelkiej gnozy, jest pytanie o przyczyny zła oraz problem wyobcowania człowieka oraz kwestia poznania siebie i świata. Motywy gnostyczne pojawiają się w filmach reżysera w czterech zasadniczych aspektach: jako wizja świata naznaczonego upadkiem i działaniem zła; w doświadczeniach bohaterów, zazwyczaj nadwrażliwych, przeżywających apokaliptyczne iluminacje; w doświadczeniach miłości i erotyki, będących dla bohaterów przyczyną wstrząsu poznawczego; i wreszcie jako koncepcja sztuki jako buntu.
Ukryte, jawne, zaszyfrowane… Retrospekcje w filmie na tle teorii narracji Mieke Bal. Opowieść a retrospekcja
Authors: Jakubowska Małgorzata
Published: May 2022

Autorka bada filmowe retrospekcje jako wieloaspektowe techniki narracyjne na tle narratologii Mieke Bal. Kreśli szeroką ramę dla rozważań nad retrospekcją, co pozwala jej zbudować bazę różnych kontekstów narracyjnych, w jakie można wpisać odsłanianie wspomnień, pamięci i historii. Następnie podejmuje próbę krytycznej analizy teorii Bal, chcąc wskazać sprzeczności czy nieścisłości w jej rozważaniach. Podążając za holenderską badaczką, jako podstawowe założenie przyjmuje jej tezę, że system narracyjny składa się z tekstu, opowieści i fabuły. Autorka koncentruje się na relacji między opowieścią i retrospekcją. Analizuje różne aspekty temporalne opowieści na tle porządkowania sekwencyjnego. Łączy przy tym klasyfikację opartą o koncepcję podziałów zaproponowanych przez Bal z własnymi badaniami. Ponadto uzupełnia aspekty „opowieści o czasie przeszłym” o kilka problemów (np. od retrospekcji do antycypacji, retrospekcja kontra odwrócona chronologia, retrospekcja prosta/złożona, wiarygodna/niewiarygodna).
Saturn – wstydliwe (?) początki austriackiego filmu fabularnego
Authors: Kosińska-Krippner Beata
Published: May 2022

Johann Schwarzer (1880-1914) założył w Wiedniu pierwszą austriacką wytwórnię filmową, Saturn-Film, w której w latach 1906-1910 powstawały wyłącznie filmy erotyczne, dzisiaj uznane za pierwsze filmy fabularne zrealizowane w Austrii przez Austriaków. Dzięki intensywnym międzynarodowym poszukiwaniom pracownikom Österreichische Filmarchiv udało się odnaleźć w sumie ponad 30 produkcji z tej wytwórni, przez lata uznawanych za zaginione. W tekście została naszkicowana krótka historia Saturna i charakterystyka wybranych filmów Schwarzera. Autorka wskazała też na problemy z zaakceptowaniem przez niektórych austriackich badaczy erotycznych początków rodzimej kinematografii, czego skutkiem było zniekształcanie historycznej rekonstrukcji filmografii austriackiej.
Plan Nacional del Libro y la Lectura del Perú 2006-2021
Authors: (Promolibro) Consejo Nacional de Democratización del Libro
Published: May 2022

El Plan Nacional del Libro y la Lectura del Perú (PNLL) es un documento que busca responder a la realidad de nuestro país, caracterizado por la expansión del analfabetismo funcional, amplios sectores bilingües, predominio en muchas zonas de las lenguas maternas, así como de la tradición oral, escasa práctica de lectura y menos de la escritura. Asimismo, faltan espacios que acerquen a la población peruana a la cultura escrita, como bibliotecas, escuelas bien dotadas, universidades actualizadas, prensa escrita.