bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LiHoF4 as a spin-half non-standard quantum Ising system
Authors: Dollberg Tomer , Schechter Moshe
Published: July 2024

LiHoF_{4}4 is a magnetic material known for its Ising-type anisotropy, making it a model system for studying quantum magnetism. However, the theoretical description of LiHoF_{4}4 using the quantum Ising model has shown discrepancies in its phase diagram, particularly in the regime dominated by thermal fluctuations. In this study, we investigate the role of off-diagonal dipolar terms in LiHoF_{4}4, previously neglected, in determining its properties. We analytically derive the low-energy effective Hamiltonian of LiHoF_{4}4, including the off-diagonal dipolar terms perturbatively, both in the absence and presence of a transverse field. Our results encompass the full phase diagram, confirming the significance of the off-diagonal dipolar terms in reducing the zero-field critical temperature and determining the critical temperature’s dependence on the transverse field. We also highlight the sensitivity of this mechanism to the crystal structure by comparing our calculations with the Fe_{8}8 system.
Leaf extract of Kentut (Paederia foetida L.) as a preventive measure against interleukin-6 expression in the liver of mice in a sepsis model injected with Escherichia coli
Authors: Savitri Lisa , Freitas Maria Do Carmo Da Costa
Published: July 2024

Kentut leaves (Paederia foetida L.) are a type of medicinal plant that can be used as a preventative medicine against sepsis. This plant contains secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and other active compounds. This research aims to determine the influence and effective dosage of Kentut leaf extract as a preventive measure against IL-6 expression in the livers of mice in a sepsis model injected with E. coli. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The study involved 24 white male mice divided into 6 groups. Data analysis was performed using One Way ANOVA. The average values of IL-6 expression in the mouse livers for each group are as follows: KN at 7.09%±0.06; K+ at 26.36%±0.02; K- at 72.60%±0.05; PI (100mg/kgBW) at 71.04%±0.04; PII (300mg/kgBW) at 62.22%±0.02; and PIII (500mg/kgBW) at 40.92%±0.01. The research results indicate that there is an influence of kentut leaf extract as a preventive measure against IL-6 expression in the livers of mice in the sepsis model injected with E. coli, with a significance value of 0.000 or p-value 0.005. The effective dosage of kentut leaf extract as a preventive measure against IL-6 expression is the PIII dosage of 500mg/kgBW. The anti-inflammatory mechanism in sepsis is thought to be caused by the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and terpenoid compounds. The most likely anti-inflammatory mechanism is believed to involve flavonoids inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes involved in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which can trigger IL-6 production.
Investigating visual engagement of Generation Z with presidential campaign infographics through Eye-Tracking technology
Authors: Indra Evta , Hizkia Hidayati , Ginting Hardiansah , Stanley Calvin , Harnita Pratiwi Cristin , Akbari Deni Adha , Edison Rizki Edmi
Published: July 2024

This study was designed to investigate the visual engagement of Generation Z with Indonesian presidential election campaign infographics utilizing eye-tracking technology. Notably, Generation Z forms a significant segment of first-time voters in the 2024 General Election and plays an integral role in political decision-making processes. Despite their pivotal role, a marked disengagement with political activities among this demographic presents significant challenges. Prior research has demonstrated that visual attention is modulated by experiential factors and personal biases. Consequently, this investigation seeks to elucidate the impact of infographics on the visual attention of participants with pre-established preferences for presidential candidates. Employing eye-tracking technology facilitated an objective assessment of the participants' subconscious reactions to the infographics. This study analyzed the distribution of visual attention across six defined Regions of Interest (ROI) among 60 participants. The findings reveal that 50% of the participants directed their gaze predominantly at the names of the candidate pairs, 27% at the image of the presidential candidate, 15% at quotes, 5% at the image of the vice-presidential candidate, 2% at the candidate number, and 1% at the vision statement. Additionally, it was observed that 55% of the participants consistently fixated on the infographics that corresponded to their preferred candidate pair from the onset to the conclusion of the recording, while 45% demonstrated variability in their viewing patterns. These insights afford valuable implications for political strategists aiming to forge more effective communication strategies with Generation Z, thereby enhancing their engagement in the political discourse, particularly in the context of general elections.
Determination of Heavy Metal Contents in Milk Samples: A Review
Authors: Pari Condori Guilmer Rony , Quisocala Herrera Jhimmy Alberth
Published: July 2024

In the dairy industry, mining is the main industry that affects the production of this food and its dairy products, with the contamination of heavy metals such as lead (pb), cadmium (cd) and mercury (Hg), a investigation of the different scientific articles, the purpose of this article is to present the different methods used to determine the concentrations of contaminants, such as the use of atomic absorption spectrometry in cow's milk, the method in this investigation begins with the collection of information from the bibliographic database of abstracts and citations of scientific articles Scopus, the selection of scientific production, working with fifty (50) scientific articles, with a maximum age of five (5) years having a subject in common, about the contamination of milk and dairy products, mass spectrometry to determine the level of contamination produced in milk , result that the concentrations of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury exceed in all the samples analyzed, the FDA recommended permissible limits mainly that are greater than 0.020 mg / kg.
Preparation of Cellulose Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Peel as Adsorbent of Remazol Yellow Dye
Authors: Lestari Intan , Permana Edwin , Hidayat Dara Shalsa Billah , Wijaya Dhian Eka
Published: July 2024

The extraction of cellulose from pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel has been carried out through delignification using alkaline and hydrolysis with acid. The extraction of cellulose was carried out by de-waxing, delignification followed by hydrolysis with H2SO4 acid. The cellulose obtain was identified by FTIR and SEM-EDS. The results showed that the FTIR spectra of pineapple peel cellulose contain hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups which useful in the adsorption process. The morphology of cellulose has a more homogeneous and porous shape. The cellulose obtained was used for adsorption of Remazol yellow dye by studying adsorption parameters, namely the effect of pH, contact time and solution concentration. The adsorption process was obtained at pH 2, the optimum contact time was 30 minutes and concentration at 100 mg/L with an adsorption capacity is 19.888 mg/g.
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Capacity Measurement, and Mineral Content Determination of Thymus vulgaris L. Extracts
Authors: Elsherif Khaled Muftah , Ewlad-Ahmed Abdunaser Mabrok Mabrok , Alhlbad Ebtesam Abdallah Ahmed , Iqneebir Abdulrhman Mohammed
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris L. extracts. T. vulgaris L. is a medicinal plant that has various bioactive compounds. Four different solvents (ethanol, water, ethyl acetate, and chloroform) were used to extract these compounds from the plant. The phytochemical screening of the extracts showed that the ethanolic extract had the highest diversity of compounds, including coumarins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, and proteins. The total phenolic and total antioxidant contents of the ethanolic extract were measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu and phosphomolybdenum methods, respectively. The ethanolic extract had a high phenolic content of 77.7 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight, which indicates its potential antioxidant capacity. The mineral content of T. vulgaris L. was also assessed by flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry after dry digestion. The plant contained five macroelements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, P) and three microelements (Fe, Cu, Zn) in different concentrations. The highest concentration was found for potassium (15259 mg/kg), followed by calcium (5118 mg/kg) and sodium (4793 mg/kg). The lowest concentration was found for phosphorus (1400 mg/kg), which was still higher than the microelements. Among the microelements, zinc had the highest concentration (24.82 mg/kg), followed by iron (17.44 mg/kg) and copper (14.98 mg/kg). The results of this study provide useful information for the users, collectors and practitioners of medicinal plants from polluted areas, as they can evaluate the quality and safety of T. vulgaris L. for human consumption.
The Use of Metals in the Voltaic Series and Its Implications on How Natural Batik Dye is Fixed
Authors: Maghfiroh Maghfiroh , Nugraheni DIan , Widadi Zahir , Murty Daru Anggara , Fahria Mila , Pratiwi Novida
Published: July 2024

The presence of natural colorants in the batch industry supports efforts to create sustainable products. However, the disadvantage of natural coloring substance is that tissue fibers generally have a low affinity to the pigment components, so the natural colorant is easily flourishing. This fact is based on exploring natural coloring substances and the type of fixator of the corresponding natural coloring substance. In addition to strengthening the absorption of color substances into the fiber, the fixator also serves to know the direction of color produced by the natural coloring substance. In testing, fixers are used that contain metals present in voltaic series. The object of the study is to described the color characteristics produced by natural dyeing substances (secang and tegeran woods) on various types of fixers that are included in the voltaic series. Color quality is assessed from 3 aspects i.e. color intensity parameters visually, color resistance with grey scale and color direction with website coolors.co. In general, the secang wood produces the pink color (warm category) while the tegeran wood color is yellow (vintage category). There is a regular sequence of the color concentration of the fabric achieved by each voltaic series metal used as a fixer. If the metal is applied as a fixer to the natural coloring material, the stronger oxidative properties of a metal on the voltaic series, the older the resulting color will be.
Phytochemical Investigation, Proximate Composition, Acute Toxicity, Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Extracts of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Linn Flower
Authors: Uadia Jeremiah Ogboma , Nnamdi Emeka Kingdom , Chigozie Nnadozie , Ndubisi Valerie Ifeanyi , Ogbeide Osahon Kennedy
Published: July 2024

The management and treatment of inflammation and pains have continued to gain increasing interest in recent times due to the challenge they pose to health. The study evaluated the phytoconstituents, proximate content, acute toxicity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive properties of Caesalpinia pulcherrima flower extracts using different solvents. The bioactive chemical constituents, acute toxicity, and antioxidant property were investigated via standard methods while the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were determined using formalin-induced inflammation and acetic acid-induced writhing methods respectively. Phytochemicals determined were alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, phenolics, terpenoids, and steroids. The moisture, crude fibre, crude lipid and total ash content determined were 6.20 ± 0.01%, 15.00 ± 0.07%, 1.80 ± 0.03% and 7.00 ± 0.00% respectively. The n-hexane extract possessed the chief % inhibition (86.49 ± 0.30) and for ascorbic acid 88.29 ± 0.00 at 500 μg/mL extract from the antioxidant study. The acetone extract displayed the greatest significant anti-inflammatory potential at both 100 and 200 mg/kg dose at four hours, being the most effective and there exist a momentous reduction at p < 0.05 in the writhes’ number in a manner depended on dose in the acetone and n-hexane extracts. At 5000 mg/kg, there was 100% mortality when the crude extracts were orally administered to the Swiss mice. This study ratifies that Caesalpinia pulcherrima flower extract is a potential spring of phytomedicine which could be applied for managing of inflammation, pain and oxidative stress-related infections but higher dosages could potentially be lethal.
Utilization of Silver Nanoparticles as Adsorbent of Methylene Blue
Authors: Susanto Nindita Clourisa Amaris , Fajri Nadiatul , Pratama Yoga , Prasetio M. Reza , Rahayu Rahayu , Hapsari Aulia Ratri
Published: July 2024

This study has successfully synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using banana stem extract as the bioreductor and reported its application in adsorption of methylene blue (MB). Adsorption of MB was tested under ultraviolet light by varying pH solution values (3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, and 11), irradiation times (0,5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours), and MB concentrations (50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm) to determine their optimum values. The results revealed that the optimum pH value and irradiation time were at 9 and 1 hour, demonstrating the highest deconcentration percentage (%D) of 89.19% and 94.58%, respectively. The %D of MB dye by samples with concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm were 86.294%, 78.416%, 69.366%, and 66.638%, respectively, with an average of %D of 75.189%. The least degraded MB was 90.643 mg, obtained at 50 ppm. Meanwhile, the most degraded MB was 280.181 mg, attained at 200 ppm. The average concentration of degraded MB was 188.538 mg/gr.
Finding the domination number of triangular belt networks
Authors: Almotairi Sultan , Alharbi Olayan , Alzaid Zaid , Hausawi M. Yasser , Almutairi Jaber , Mohamed Basma
Published: July 2024

Domination in graphs has been an extensively researched branch of graph theory. A set S⊆V is said to be the dominating set of graph G if for every v∈V-S there exists a vertex u∈S such that uv∈E. The minimum cardinality of vertices among the dominating set of G is called the domination number of G denoted by γ(G). The main object of this paper is to study the domination number of some networks such as triangular belt networks TBn, alternate triangular belt networks ATBn and restricted square of bistar networks Bn,n.
Human Milk Banks in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: One Step Forward and Two Steps Backward
Authors: Ishtiaq Annum , Saleem Sarosh
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
In June 2024, Karachi’s largest public health sector Pediatric Hospital, announced its “Shariah Compliant” Human Milk Bank, which the Sindh Government inaugurated as a Maternal and Child Health milestone. This received public and scholarly backlash, and the bank's operations were closed within ten days. This was intensified by the fatwas from the clerics claiming that the protocol was not pragmatic and that the procedural requirements of a truly Sharia-compliant human milk bank could not be met.
This issue has garnered significant attention and speculation from major stakeholders over the decades, and it is imperative to delve into its ethical, religious, and legal dimensions. The facts support the need to develop a resource, yet the social, cultural, religious, and legal aspects cannot be undermined. Clinicians, scholars, ethicists, theologians, community members, and all other stakeholders in Pakistan must engage in discourse and propose a resolution to this debate.
Neutron activation of stable isotopes in soil and groundwater from a radionuclide production facility, South Africa
Authors: Marazula Thandazile , Malaza Ntokozo Mfanufikile , Conradie Jacobus Lodewikus , Beukes Philip
Published: July 2024

The neutron activation of stable isotopes in environmental matrices, such as soil and groundwater, is a critical aspect of assessing the impact of radionuclide production facilities on the surrounding ecosystem. The envisioned Low-Energy Radioactive Ion Beams (LERIB) facility at the iThemba LABS, South Africa is anticipated to generate significant sources of ionising radiation. The study investigated the possible repercussions of neutron irradiation stemming from the facility, focusing on the activation of stable isotopic compositions in the environment. The investigation employed a combination of experimental and analytical techniques to characterize the neutron activation products in soil and groundwater samples collected from the vicinity. Samples were collected from designated areas for background radiological measurements and were irradiated with neutrons for a period of 1 h. The induced radioactivity measured by the High Purity Germanium detector included 24Na, 22Na, 54Mn, 52Mn, and 46Sc. The application of Darcy's law for groundwater velocity suggests that radionuclides in groundwater will migrate at an average flow velocity of 0.8 m/day. The isotopes with longer half-lives have count rates at background concentrations; therefore, environmental impacts on the site and surrounding communities might be minimal.
Mecanismo para la resignificación del PEI en líneas interculturales
Authors: Ortiz Domínguez Diosa Merys , Sánchez Buitrago Jorge Oswaldo
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo establece un mecanismo para redefinir el proyecto educativo institucional (PEI) desde una mirada intercultural con el propósito de fomentar la equidad y la inclusión en la formación. Desde la institución objeto de estudio se identificaron problemas de interacción cultural que los padres experimentan en la enseñanza de sus hijos. La falta de respeto desde temprana edad, la escasa valoración de las propias culturas, las dificultades conceptuales y la baja participación de los grupos de interés eran preocupantes, por lo que se propuso la convivencia a partir de una visión intercultural. La investigación fue de tipo cualitativo con un enfoque descriptivo. Se recolectaron datos a través de un grupo de discusión utilizando la cartografía conceptual con representantes de la institución, se realizó un análisis documental y se llevó a cabo la revisión de perspectiva. Los resultados permitieron identificar categorías prioritarias para elaborar la propuesta de intervención del PEI. Se espera que el estudio contribuya al desarrollo de un plan de intervención efectivo en el colegio analizado, abordando los problemas identificados y promoviendo una convivencia respetuosa y equitativa dentro de la comunidad educativa.
Missão Entretenimento
Authors: Silva Freire Vítor , Gonzaga Godoi Trigo Luiz
Published: July 2024

O artigo propõe um exercício de revisão e reflexão teórica sobre o conceito de entretenimento. Para o desenvolvimento do texto, os autores realizam breve investigação sobre a presença do entretenimento em trabalhos acadêmicos de Lazer e Turismo a partir das informações de bancos digitais de produções acadêmicas. Em seguida, como foco principal do artigo, a pesquisa é desenvolvida por um viés qualitativo, essencialmente através de análise crítica teórica, empreendida a partir da contribuição de diferentes autores do Lazer, do Turismo, da História e da Filosofia. Para além do conteúdo, a forma do artigo faz uma provocação lúdica a partir da temática da ficção científica, como maneira de lembrar o leitor da importância do envolvimento sensorial, em contraponto ao entendimento unicamente literal e racional, para a completa compreensão da proposta feita pelo entretenimento. Na divisão de seções do texto, após o momento introdutório, os autores propõem paulatinamente o desenvolvimento de uma conceituação objetiva do entretenimento. Após, propõem uma reflexão sobre o valor constantemente atribuído ao entretenimento, incluindo suas recorrentes críticas. Por fim, sugerem que a compreensão mais objetiva do conceito, ainda utilizado com considerável imprecisão, pode colaborar no melhor detalhamento, organização e comunicação de futuros estudos acadêmicos em Lazer e Turismo.
The Major Challenges Facing the Development of African Countries, and Algeria in Particular, in the Face of Cybercrime
Authors: Radja O.
Published: July 2024

The rapid development of information and communication technologies is closely related to the exponential growth in data volumes. At the same time,    the development of enterprise strategies coupled with the digital economy has    led to changes in business models and infrastructure solutions. The emergence of innovative industries that extensively use the internet has presented significant challenges to the security of systems and sensitive data, particularly in the field of cybercrime. In order to address the growing issue of cybercrime, African nations, among which Algeria is the largest country, need to build a series of digital barriers in the form of legislation, multilateral agreements, and the development  of technical capacity in this area, such as the creation of cybersecurity centers.   The implementation of an effective cybersecurity strategy is strongly required on    a national, regional, and continental scale. According to the last report of the Global Cybersecurity Index 2020, Mauritius is ranked as the most secure country in Africa in terms of cybersecurity, followed by South Africa in the second rank. A successful economy inherently involves a digital economy and a bold strategy to counter all the “nuisance” of cybercrimes. Algeria, despite its relatively low ranking in the last report of the Global Cybersecurity Index, has made significant progress when compared to its neighbors. With its excellent internet connectivity and a young and dynamic population, Algeria’s positive economic indicators are certain to improve even further with the desired membership it seeks in the BRICS organization. Given these considerations, it follows that South Africa as well as Algeria possess the potential to serve as locomotives for the development of the whole of Africa.
Clinical Management of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Children
Authors: Widhalm Kurt , Fallmann Karin
Published: July 2024

Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the best-characterized inborn errors of
metabolism, with an estimated prevalence of 1:250 in the general population. Only approximately
10% of the affected subjects are diagnosed and, therefore, under medical care, including drug therapy
or, in severe cases, apheresis. Screening at the age of 6-10 years would be useful and cost-effective.
There is enough evidence that children and adolescents with FH should be treated in order
to reduce elevated Total cholesterol and LDL-c levels and, therefore, avoid the risk of early cardiovascular
diseases.
As FH was described more than 130 years ago, it is surprising that the knowledge of that very important
metabolic disorder is insufficient. The present report describes clinical and pathophysiological
characteristics and nutritional and medical therapies in children with familial hypercholesterolemia.
Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Ethnobotanical, and Pharmacological Significance of Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Divya Surisetti , Singh Neha , Dixit Ritik , Jaiswal Vaibhavi , -- shiva , Yadav Esha
Published: July 2024

Milk thistle seeds contain silymarin, a powerful hepatoprotective compound known to
shield liver cells from toxins, increase glutathione levels, and promote cell regeneration. Silybin,
one of the key components of silymarin, is highly valued by herbalists due to its minimal side effects.
Silymarin is ubiquitously distributed across diverse geographic regions, encompassing Europe,
Africa, Asia, Australia, North and South America, India, and China. Silymarin comprises an
array of compounds, specifically silydianin, isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silybin A, and silydianin
flavonoids. Its pharmacological applications are multifaceted, including antidiabetic, hepatoprotective,
hypocholesterolemic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties.
Milk thistle seeds additionally exhibit anti-spasmodic, neuroprotective, antiviral, immunomodulant,
and cardioprotective characteristics. They can even enhance milk secretion and help treat
uterine disorders. Such an in-depth inquiry is poised to facilitate the meticulous assessment by researchers
of its efficacy in therapeutic applications. Additionally, silymarin exhibits changes in cellular
transporter, P-glycoprotein, as well as estrogenic and nuclear receptors. It also impedes apoptosis
and follicular development during in vitro fertilization, making it a promising option in complementary
medicine. This documented evidence is useful in safeguarding vital organs against an
array of maladies, encompassing cancer, in vitro fertilization, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, viral
hepatitis challenges, neurotoxicity, depressive disorders, and pulmonary and prostate disorders.
This scholarly article undertakes a comprehensive exploration of the pharmacognostic, morphological,
ethnobotanical, and pharmacological importance of Silybum marianum.
Cold Spray Coating of Nano Crystallization Material, Method, Properties and Challenges: A Critical Review
Authors: Kumar Satish , Kumar Santosh , Singh Harvinder , Mehra Rahul
Published: July 2024

In the 1980s, a deposition technique known as cold spray solid-state coating
was created. Cold spray technology, unlike conventional thermal spray techniques, can
maintain the natural properties of the feedstock, prevent damage to the constituent
elements of the substrate and create extremely solid coatings. Nanostructured coatings
have the potential to significantly enhance their properties compared to conventional,
non-nanostructured coatings. Furthermore, surface coating on metal substrates is a very
difficult challenge for the researcher due to the contradictory requirements for various
properties. The ability of cold spray to form coatings with nanostructures has also been
demonstrated to a great extent. This work aims to provide an in-depth analysis of
nanostructured cold-sprayed metal coatings. First, a description of the cold spray
technique is given. Next, the issue of Nano crystallization in standard metal coatings is
discussed. Then, microstructures and properties of nanomaterial-reinforced metal
matrix composite (MMC) coatings and cold-sprayed nanocrystalline metal coatings are
discussed. In conclusion, a summary and future prospects for cold spray technology are
given. To conclude, the process of developing nanostructured metal coatings has been
completed.
Utilizing APACHE IV and GRACE Scores as Predictors of Mortality Compared with SAPS-3 Scores for Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in the Cardiac Vascular Care Unit
Authors: Nugraha Tria Yudha , Prasetya Indra , Anjarwani Setyasih
Published: July 2024

Background: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) frequent cause of hospitalization in the cardiovascular care unit. Positive predictive data are being developed and shown to be effective for patients with ACS; the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events, or GRACE, has shown the most accurate outcomes. In contrast, prognostic scores derived from diverse cohorts of critically ill patients are predominantly employed by intensive care clinicians. Prominent examples of such scores include APACHE IV and SAPS 3. The objective of this research endeavor was to assess and contrast the efficacy of these three scores across an unselected sample of ACS cases.. Objective: The Cardiovascular Care Unit of RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang treats Acute Coronary Syndrome patients. This study compares SAPS 3, GRACE, and APACHE IV score parameters through calibration and discrimination tests to predict patient mortality. Material and Methods: The study included all ACS patients admitted from August 2021 to November 2023. Hospital mortality prediction was assessed using score calibration and discrimination. Result: There were 843 patients in total included. SAPS 3 could not be calibrated appropriately, whereas APACHE IV and GRACE could. Across all scores, discrimination was exceptional (area under the curve values of 0.811 for APACHE IV, 0.740 for GRACE, and 0.732 for SAPS 3). Conclusion: GRACE and APACHE IV were calibrated thoroughly in this cohort of intensive care unit-admitted ACS patients; however, SAPS 3 lacked such calibration. All three scores exhibited exceptional discrimination. GRACE and APACHE IV may be utilized to predict the risk of mortality in patients with ACS. Keyword: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Score, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events, Intensive Cardiovascular Care Unit, Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3.
Research Design Approaches in Medical and Clinical Sciences: Assumptions, Strength, and Weakness
Authors: Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka
Published: July 2024

Basic research is appropriate for finding overarching principles of human behavior and biophysiological processes, whereas applied research is intended to demonstrate how these principles can be used to solve problems in a healthcare setting. Hence, this review paper examined the research design approaches in medical and clinical sciences, considering its strengths and weaknesses. Research process consists of the necessary steps or series of actions required to conduct a scientific research effectively and the desired sequencing of these steps. Research methods are classified into various types, which majorly include qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Qualitative research could be phenomenological, grounded theory, ethnographic, or exploratory-descriptive in nature. Quantitative research uses numerical data to obtain knowledge about the world. Quantitative research conducted in medical and clinical sciences could involve; descriptive research, correlational research, quasi-experimental research, or experimental research in nature. However, qualitative research can also be helpful in examining subjects about which there is little information and in understanding subjective data. Mixed research methods combine quantitative and qualitative research methods in a single study. In general, the knowledge of research design can help researcher better plan the project utilizing the most appropriate methodologies and techniques.
Diversity of Riverine Birds in Melghat Landscape, Maharashtra India
Authors: Pratik Chaudhari
Published: July 2024

Birds are useful bioindicators and provide conducive dispersal pathways and sufficient cover for migrating birds. As there is a lack of data regarding riverine avian diversity, the present study was carried out from November 2022 to December 2023. The study was done along the rivers flowing through the Melghat landscape in the district of Amravati India. The presence of birds in the area was recorded by a line transect and point count method using binoculars and DSLR cameras. A total of 245 birds belonging to 54 families were recorded. Out of which, 72 species from 20 families of water birds were recorded in the riverine zone and 173 species from 34 families of forest birds were recorded in the riverine zone. The majority of the observed species belonged to the Anatidae family followed by Ardeidae and Scolopacidae. Similarly, the Corvidae, Muscicapidae, and Sylviidae families show the maximum number of forest birds. According to the IUCN status, 87% of species associated with water are classified as least concern (LC), 10% as near-threatening (NT), only 3% are vulnerable. Similarly, for forest recorded birds, it is categorized as 98% species of least concern (LC), and only 2% are categorized as near-threatened (NT). Maximum species diversity was recorded with the forest bird associated in the riverine zone (D = 0.991 and H = 4.903), and minimum was recorded with the water bird associated in the riverine zone (D = 0.973 and H = 3.961). The study showed riverine avian diversity and threats in rivers.
Identification and Characterization of Amylolytic Bacteria from Agro-industrial Waste Water
Authors: Nandi Soumya
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Looking for novel amylases needed for industrial processes may benefit from the screening of microorganisms with high amylase activity. Microbial enzymes are widely used in industrial processes due to affordable cost, significant production, chemical stability, environmental protection, plasticity, and widespread availability. Since Purba Bardhaman contains numerous rice processing plants and agro-industrial waste disposal locations, water samples were gathered for the study. Material & Methods: Amylase-producing bacteria were isolated, identified and revealed from this work to add new knowledge into the field of science. Results: Seven bacterial isolates were isolated, and based on appearance of zone of hydrolysis in starch agar plates was selected for further study. The isolate was Gram-positive, spore-forming rods. Depending on 16s rRNA gene sequences with 99.79% similarity the isolate was identified as Brevibacillus parabrevis, efficient amylase producers with an excellent yield throughout the solid-state fermentation technique. The isolate demonstrated maximum enzyme activity of 350 U/mg at 5% substrate concentrations. This piece of work focuses on finding out whether agro-industrial waste water could be a better source for amylolytic bacteria.
On revealing the hidden richness of fish diversity from Melghat Regiion of Maharashtra, India using DNA Barcoding : A First Approach
Authors: Kuralkar Vaishnavi S
Published: July 2024

The increasing loss of biodiversity globally has led to numerous proposals to intensify efforts to produce a census of all biological diversity and to modernize taxonomy. Over the years, a steady decline has been observed in the abundance and diversity of native fishes in the rivers due to anthropogenic disturbances. The present study was carried out on fish diversity from the major rivers and their tributaries in the Amravati district including the Melghat landscape in Maharashtra. The study was conducted from December 2022 to May 2024. Muscle and fin tissue was collected onsite by following standard protocols to avoid contamination. In this study, a total of 46 species belonging to 36 genera, 16 families, were DNA barcoded using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. All of the fish species were discriminated by their COI sequences, showing deep genetic divergence, and were highlighted for further taxonomic investigation. Average Kimura 2-parameter genetic distances within species of families like Channidae, Cyprinidae, and other families 0.75%, 0.82%, and 0.97% are respectively. These values show that COI divergence increases as taxa become less exclusive. Devario aequipinnatus from the family Cyprinidae showed the highest overall GC content at 40.00% , Oreochromis mossambius from the family Chhichlidae had the lowest 28.57% indicating the divergence in the nucleotide composition of fishes. All of the COI sequences obtained were grouped according to their species designation in the maximum likelihood tree that was constructed using MEGA 11 software. This study demonstrated that DNA barcoding has great potential as a tool for fast and accurate species identification and also for highlighting species that warrant further taxonomic investigation.
Vergelijkende reclame: onderzoek naar attitudes en meningen in Belgische reclamebureaus
Authors: Dusart Cécile
Published: July 2024

The use of explicit comparative advertising has been forbidden in Belgium for quite some time. Following a European Directive, the Belgian legislator modified the Law on Trade Practices in May 1999, which makes it legal for advertisers to use, under certain conditions, explicit comparisons. In this article, the concept of ‘comparative advertising’ will be discussed. Its position in the advertising campaign, as well as the use of comparisons in advertisements will be covered. In particular, our attention goes to explicit comparative advertising, as it is this form of comparative advertising that is dealt with in the modified law. Finally, the results of a study into Belgian advertisers’ attitudes and opinions about this kind of advertising are being discussed.
Analisis kuat tekan dan penyerapan air batu bata ditinjau dari berbagai lama pembakaran
Authors: T Panennungi , Rauf Bakhrani A. Rauf A.
Published: July 2024

This research aims to describe: compressive strength of M-5a module, water absorption, and  compressive strength difference 7, 9, and 11 days furnace duration. The methods are: making brick which is composed by 1 of rice husk and 3 of clay to 120 bricks, dehydrating on sunlight for 7 days, then going furnace for 7, 9, and 11 days, examining to compressive strength and  water absorption each 20 bricks of 7, 9, and 11 days furnace. The result: average of compressive strength of M-5a module 7 days furnace is 35,80 kg/cm2, 9 days is 37,30 kg/cm2, 11 days is 39,30 kg/cm2,  average of water absorption  of M-5a module 7 days furnace is 22,96 %, 9 days is 21,50 %, and 11 days is 19,25 %, and no significant difference on compressive strength average amongs module of M-5a on 7 days, 9 days, and 11 days furnace duration.
Enhancing legal protection for geographical indication products: Strengthening the traditional ikat weaving industry as a local commodity in Gelgel Village, Klungkung District, Klungkung Regency
Authors: Asrini Ni Kadek Putus , Sudiatmaka Ketut , Sari Adnyani Ni Ketut Ni , Parwati Ni Putu Ega
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the geographical indication regulations for Klungkung Endek and Songket craft products to ensure legal protection for weaving craftsmen. It is a type of normative legal research employing statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques include document study, observation, and interviews, and research analysis involves legal interpretation, which is then described qualitatively. The research findings indicate that Geographical Indication products can enhance regional economic capacity and, as such, must be safeguarded from irresponsible producers' claims practices. The challenges faced by craftsmen are primarily associated with the procedures for registering geographical indication products. Urgent efforts are underway to anticipate issues related to several claims concerning Endek and Songket motifs. The Regional Government of Klungkung Regency, through the Cooperatives and MSMEs Service, is actively providing education to Endek and Songket craftsmen regarding the significance of registering regional products as Geographical Indication Rights with the Director General of Intellectual Property Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. This education encompasses workshops, training sessions, and one-on-one consultations to assist craftsmen throughout the registration process.
Citizenship education in building social capital for marine and coastal conservation
Authors: Mudana I Wayan
Published: July 2024

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The effect of digital citizenship on the quality learning civic education
Authors: Alrakhman Riza , Budimansyah Dasim , Sapriya Sapriya , Rahmat Rahmat
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the significant roles and influences in the development of responsible technology use and the impact of digital citizenship on the quality of learning within civic education. It begins by hypothesizing that universities play a pivotal role as the primary influencers in shaping an individual’s character towards responsible technology usage. The paper emphasizes the need for empirical evidence or authoritative references to substantiate this assertion, thereby highlighting the crucial role of universities in this context. The study then presents statistical evidence indicating a significant relationship between digital citizenship and learning quality in civic education, as highlighted by a t count (14,510) surpassing the t table (1.66) with a significance level of 0.000, lower than the 0.05 threshold. This finding necessitates the backing of its statistical analysis through credible academic sources. Lastly, the paper posits that enhancing digital citizenship will positively influence the quality of learning in civic education, suggesting that this claim should be supported by research or literature in the field. The paper underscores the need for well-supported arguments in discussing the role of university education, digital citizenship, and their impacts on learning quality.
Strengthening digital citizenship through discourse analysis of presidential and vice-presidential candidates in the 2024 Presidential Election
Authors: Mulyono Budi , Trilatifah Winda , Nasichuddin Moch. Ari , Syambudi Irwan , Trisnawati Diana
Published: July 2024

With the rapid advancement of information technology and increased internet access in Indonesia, citizens' participation in the digital realm has grown substantially. Digital citizens' presence is crucial in the 2024 Presidential Election, playing a pivotal role in disseminating political information, influencing public opinion, and providing support to candidates. This study examines the digital citizens' discourse on presidential and vice-presidential candidate pairs in the 2024 election in the digital public sphere. The method of issue analysis employs topic modeling with keywords "anies muhaimin," "ganjar mahfud," and "prabowo gibran" on social media platform X. The research findings indicate that the discourse is clustered for each candidate pair. Narratives of support and optimism predominantly characterize the Anies-Muhaimin pair. The Ganjar-Mahfud pair exhibits clusters covering volunteer support, constitutional narratives, development aspirations, uniform buzzer narratives, and support from figures such as Yenny Wahid and advocacy for Palestine. The Prabowo-Gibran pair has clusters discussing support from the younger generation, political dynasty issues, PDIP reactions, and buzzer strategies with massive hashtags. Digital citizens engage in organized and diverse discourses regarding presidential and vice-presidential candidates, emphasizing the importance of understanding these dynamics to ensure responsible participation in the digital political process.
Effectiveness of Sound Therapy Durations in Tinnitus Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Baek Woojin Jayce , Bahng Junghwa
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to conduct a statistical analysis comparing subjective evaluations from patients to determine the efficacy of sound therapy durations for tinnitus.Methods: After defining search terms and establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 research articles from PubMed, ScienceDirect, KCI, and the Cochrane Library met all qualifications through a vetting process involving two reviewers. Extracted data were organized by collection time and analyzed using the R program (R foundation, Vienna, Austra) to calculate the standard mean difference with 95% confidence intervals.Results: The analysis of sound therapy efficacy showed statistically significant improvement in tinnitus symptoms between pre-treatment and 3 months, and between 3 months and 6 months. However, improvement stagnated and stabilized beyond 6 months of treatment.Conclusion: Sound therapy was most effective in providing significant relief and improvement in tinnitus symptoms during the first 6 months of treatment. Longer durations did not further improve symptoms but helped maintain a lower annoyance level.
Understanding the Standard for Tele-Services as Part of Hearing Aid Fitting Management
Authors: Oh Soo Hee , Bahng Junghwa
Published: July 2024

Recently, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published ISO 21388-2, which focuses on tele-services as part of hearing aid fitting management (tHAFM). This report introduces the fundamental aspects of ISO 21388-2 for tele-services in hearing aid fitting to assist in the proper adoption and utilization of tHAFM services in South Korea. The primary goal of tHAFM is to achieve the highest rehabilitation outcomes for hearing aid users, equivalent to those of traditional face-to-face services. It specifies the precondition requirements and general frameworks for tele-service delivery. As there is still a lack of reporting on the provision of tele-services related to hearing aid fitting in South Korea, future research should focus more on providing and validating the effectiveness of tele-services for domestic hearing aid users. Additionally, there is a need to establish step-by-step guidelines and professional education programs based on the ISO 21388-2 standard for the utilization of tHAFM. It is expected that the ISO 21388-2 standard will serve as a fundamental guideline for hearing aid professionals in effectively providing tele-services to achieve these goals.
Effects of Anxiety, Parenting Efficacy, and Partnership With Nurses on the Caring Behaviors of Mothers of Hospitalized Children
Authors: Hong Yu Jin , Kim Hyeon Ok
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the anxiety, parenting efficacy, partnership with nurses, and caring behavior of mothers of hospitalized children and to identify the factors influencing their caring behavior.Methods: A survey was conducted from May 17 to October 17, 2023, with 94 mothers of hospitalized children in the pediatric ward of a tertiary general hospital in Jeollabuk-do. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and heteroscedasticity regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 25.0.Results: The caring behavior of mothers of hospitalized children showed a significant negative correlation with state anxiety (r=-0.22, p=0.038) and a significant positive correlation with parenting efficacy (r=0.25, p=0.025) and partnership with nurses (r=0.42, p<0.001). The results of the heteroscedasticity regression analysis showed that partnership with nurses (B=0.29) significantly influenced caring behavior (F=7.85, p<0.001). The better the partnership with nurses, the higher the caring behavior of mothers of hospitalized children. The explanatory power of this model was 23.0%.Conclusion: This study confirmed that partnership with nurses significantly impacts the caring behaviors of mothers of hospitalized children. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement education and intervention programs to strengthen the partnership with nurses and improve the caring behaviors of mothers of hospitalized children.
Trends in Contraceptive Use and Influencing Factors Among Korean Adolescent Girls With Sexual Intercourse Experience (2013 to 2022)
Authors: Ha Beomman , Kim Jisoon , Kim Seonho
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify trends in contraceptive use and methods, as well as the influencing factors among Korean adolescent girls with sexual intercourse experience.Methods: Secondary data analysis was performed using data from the 2013−2022 Youth Health Behavior Online Survey. Participants were 9,562 adolescent girls who had experienced sexual intercourse in middle and high schools in Korea. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, the Cochran-Armitage trend test, and logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results: The reported prevalence of consistent contraceptive use during sexual intercourse significantly increased from 27.0% in 2013 to 46.1% in 2022 (p<0.01). The rate of modern contraceptive use increased from 79.4% in 2013 to 84.8% in 2022 (p for trend <0.01). Factors influencing contraceptive use included age, school type by sex, academic performance, economic status, residential type, lifetime smoking, and sexual education. Factors influencing modern contraceptive use included school type by sex, economic status, residential type, and lifetime smoking.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that more than half of the adolescent girls with sexual experience do not consistently use contraception, and some of them use unreliable contraceptive methods. Efforts are needed to improve modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls.