bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial- and Temporal- Variations in Jupiter’s Atmosphere
Authors: Zhang Zhimeng , Adumitroaie Virgil , Allison Michael , Arballo John , Atreya Sushil , Bjoraker Gordon , Bolton Scott , Brown Shannon , Fletcher Leigh , Guillot Tristan , Gulkis Samuel , Ingersoll Andrew , Janssen Michael , Levin Steven , Li Cheng , Lunine Jonathan , Orton Glenn , Oyafuso Fabiano , Steffes Paul , Wong Michael
Published: February 2023

Jupiter has ubiquitous clouds and enormous surface structures shrouding the planet. Juno MWR provides the unprecedented chance to answer remaining major questions about the composition and dynamical properties of the great bulk of the atmosphere that lies beneath. Since the launch of Juno, there has been a large effort to collect complementary ground- and space-based observations to help interpret the MWR data. The Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) onboard Juno complements the observations of MWR, by giving alternative and reference tropospheric measurements that provides the boundary condition for the interpretation of the MWR data [Adriani et al 2014]. Similarly, HST has a 6-month overlap with 13 Juno orbits and color images were constructed from images of Jupiter in red, green, and blue filters by JunoCam [Hansen et al., 2014]. We study the dynamics within the atmosphere by relating the exterior information provided by these surface maps to the deep interior detected by MWR.Since Aug 27, 2016, MWR has obtained over 40 perijoves, all scanning Jupiter’s atmosphere from North to South, covering various longitudes. We extend our calibration stability investigation to cover 6 years of observations, using our error analysis process. After removing the calibration drift, we combine observations from all perijoves to study the global-averaged atmosphere and the discrete features. We compare them with Jupiter’s surface atmosphere images taken by JunoCam, HST and JIRAM, and retrieve the corresponding NH3 volume mixing ratio from surface to over 100 bars.
Approaches to Modeling Geothermal Heat Flow from Various Datasets
Authors: Gerhards Christian , Al-Aghbary Magued , Sobh Mohamed
Published: February 2023

Geothermal heat flow models are currently developed for remote areas like Antarctica and parts of Africa. Due to the sparsity of actual geothermal heat flow measurements, indirect data based on various quantities related, e.g., to gravitational and magnetic information are used for predicting heat flow in such regions and quantifying its uncertainty. Here we present and compare two common approaches, a data driven random forest approach that is trained with several covariates (magnetic and gravitational anomalies, lithospheric thickness, topography, seismic velocities) and a physics based approach relating magnetic anomalies to Curie depth and subsequently to geothermal heat flow (requiring various simplifications and a priori assumptions on the underlying physics). 
The role of basement architecture in the spatial and temporal development of tectonic deformation in an orogenic foreland – An example from the Variscides of SW Ireland.
Authors: Meere Patrick A , Parker Chloe R
Published: February 2023

Determining the sequencing of different deformation mechanisms and styles is crucial to understanding how the Earth’s crust responds to tectonic stress.  The sequence of near surface compressional deformation in peripheral orogenic forelands typically starts with an early stage of bulk homogenous shortening, i.e. layer parallel shortening (LPS) followed by folding and contractional faulting. The temporal and spatial distribution of strain is also very much influenced by the inherited basement structure and pre-collisional basin architecture in such foreland settings, in particular inherited extensional fault systems. Tectonic contraction in such settings tends to promote the positive inversion of basins through LPS, folding and reverse faulting by the exploitation of pre-existing bounding structures and facilitated by the lower bulk density and strength of sedimentary fill sequences when compared to the surrounding basement.This study will combine conventional structural field studies from the Variscides of SW Ireland with the spatial characterisation of finite strain using clast shape analysis and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) studies on deformed sandstones as a means of elucidating the temporal and spatial evolution of deformation in an orogenic foreland that is heavily influenced by pre-existing basement architecture and structures. AMS is increasingly seen to be a particularly sensitive proxy for tectonic strain signals in low to medium strain settings on the periphery of orogens.The Variscan of SW Ireland offers an excellent opportunity to investigate the full foreland strain cycle from early bedding parallel oblate fabrics to more prolate intermediate fabrics and finally cleavage parallel oblate fabrics in an overall setting that incorporates marked basement control of the spatial distribution of finite strain. The adopted multi-technique approach will also allow for insights into the relative timing of deformation events.  
High-resolution solar spectrum obtained from TGO orbiting Mars reveals new solar lines in the 0.7-1.7 µm range
Authors: Irbah Abdanour , Bertaux Jean-Loup , Montmessin Franck , Trokhimovskiy Alexander , Korablev Oleg , Fedorova Anna
Published: February 2023

The ACS-NIR spectrometer on board the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) is currently used to probe the atmosphere of Mars. It is, however, capable of measuring the near-infrared solar spectrum in the 0.7-1.7 µm domain with high spectral resolution when pointed at the Sun and its line of sight is above the atmosphere of Mars i.e. with its Solar Occultation mode. Specific observations were therefore made during 10 months in order to construct the solar spectrum in this spectral domain. The observations consist in recording all the diffraction orders of ACS-NIR by continuously varying the frequency of its AOTF (Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters, a component used to separate the orders). We will first present how we have treated each order of diffraction to improve the solar spectrum on the 0.7-1.7 µm band by considering for this purpose off-center images attached to certain AOTF frequencies. This method makes it possible to avoid contamination between the successive diffraction orders but also to increase the detection of the solar lines at the ends of each order where the intensity is low due to the Blaze function. We will then show the final version of the solar spectrum that we obtain. It will be compared to the reference spectrum, which is that of Toon. We will finish by showing and discuss some results revealing new solar lines appearing in certain diffraction orders of the ACS-NIR spectrometer and which are not present in the corresponding parts of the reference solar spectrum. 
Antarctic firn aquifers detection algorithm based on satellite and regional climate model data
Authors: Di Biase Valeria , Kuipers Munneke Peter , Wouters Bert , de Roda Husman Sophie
Published: February 2023

In the past decade, localized in-situ observation and radar measurements have revealed the presence of firn aquifers on the Antarctic Ice Sheet. They are believed to be an important component of the hydrological system of the ice sheet, but currently no large-scale observational studies exist, hampering a detailed assessment of their contribution to runoff and sea-level rise.We present a probability map of firn-aquifer presence around the Antarctic Ice Sheet, based on a combination of remote sensing and climate modeling data. C-band radar imagery from the Sentinel-1 and Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) missions, together with climate data from the regional atmospheric climate model RACMO2.3p2, are combined to map the probability of detecting seasonal and perennial firn aquifers at 5.5x5.5 km2 resolution in the period 2017 to 2020.Our method is based on Monte Carlo simulations: its algorithm predicts the probability of aquifer presence based on a set of fixed inputs, to which dedicated thresholds and weights are assigned.In agreement with observation from previous studies, we find a high probability of firn aquifer presence in the north and northwest of the Antarctic Peninsula, and on the Wilkins and George VI ice shelves. A low probability is found in the higher elevation areas of the central Antarctic Peninsula, where the presence of aquifers is not expected due to the absence of surface melt. Thanks to the large spatio-temporal availability of the input datasets, the presence of aquifers in different regions of Antarctica has been estimated. The methodology has been validated in selected regions of Greenland, where the presence of aquifers has been observed using in-situ and remotely sensed data.
Recasting the disproportionate impacts of climate extremes
Authors: Boyd Emily
Published: February 2023

Loss and damage (L&D) has been on the international agenda for over 20 years, and recently gained significant headway at UNFCCC COP27. L&D has been a controversial aspect of the international climate negotiations. This is largely due to L&D being connected to responsibility and compensation for the impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities. Researchers and practitioners are beginning to ask how they can help with L&D while many remain unsure about what this may mean.Loss and Damage (L&D) is associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including the effects that are related to extreme weather events, such as intense typhons, but also occur in slow events, such as at sea level rise. The paper sets out to synthesise three specific challenges to L&D: lack of a coherent definition of L&D, gaps in measuring disproportionate effects of loss and damage on people, including the non economic consequences of L&D events, who it affects, how and why, and on what scale, and finally, absence of coherent understanding of climate governance instruments to influence L&D in ways that do not undermine existing adaptation and development efforts.
On the production of magnetosheath jets during a CME and SIR passage: A case study
Authors: Preisser Luis , Plaschke Ferdinand , Koller Florian , Temmer Manuela , Roberts Owen , Vörös Zoltan
Published: February 2023

Large scale solar wind (SW) structures called Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and Stream Interaction Regions (SIRs) propagate through the interplanetary medium, where they might impact Earth and cause jet-like disturbances in the magnetosheath. Such jets are short scale structures characterized by an enhancement in dynamic pressure that propagate through the Earth’s magnetosheath (EMS) transporting mass, momentum and energy being able to affect and perturb the Earth’s magnetosphere.Jets have been studied for 20 years, but how different SW conditions triggered by CMEs and SIRs affect jet production is a topic that has only recently begun to be studied. In this work we characterize jets observed by THEMIS during a CME and a SIR passage. We find clear differences in number and size between the jets associated with the CME regions arriving at the EMS as well as in comparison with the characteristics of jets associated with the SIR passage. Comparing WIND and THEMIS data we discuss how these differences are linked to the SW conditions in the context of a recent statistical study (Koller et al. 2022) and with different jet generation mechanisms.
Basal conditions of Denman Glacier from hydrology modeling and their application to various friction laws
Authors: McArthur Koi , McCormack Felicity S. , Dow Christine
Published: February 2023

The key process of basal sliding in Antarctic glaciers is often incorporated into ice dynamics models via the use of a friction law, which relates the basal shear stress to the effective pressure. With few ice dynamics models actively coupled to subglacial hydrology models, the effects of subglacial hydrology often manifest in the friction coefficient – an unknown parameter in the friction law. We investigate the impact of friction coefficients for Denman Glacier, East Antarctica, by comparing Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model (ISSM) inversion simulations using the effective pressure produced from the Glacier Drainage System (GlaDS) model compared with  a typically prescribed effective pressure using a combination of ice overburden pressure and height above sea level (NO). We apply these comparative model runs for the Budd and Schoof friction laws. In regions of fast ice flow, we find a positive correlation between the GlaDS output effective pressure and the friction coefficient for the Schoof law. In addition, using the GlaDS output effective pressure compared to  NO leads to a smoother friction coefficient as well as smaller differences between the simulated and observed surface velocity. In general we find that spatial variations in the Schoof law match more closely with the known physics of subglacial hydrology than the Budd law and therefore suggest that using the GlaDS output effective pressure compared to NO produces more realistic results. This demonstrates the need to couple ice sheet and subglacial hydrological systems to accurately represent ice flow.
Continuous gravity measurements across the June – July 2021 series of lava fountains at Mt. Etna volcano
Authors: Carbone Daniele , Cannavò Flavio , Montagna Chiara , Greco Filippo
Published: February 2023

The gravity time series from two iGrav superconducting gravimeters and an AQG-B absolute quantum gravimeter, installed at Mt. Etna volcano, reveal a marked gravity decrease during early-June to late-July 2021, a period when more than 20 short-lasting and strongly explosive eruptions (the so-called lava fountain events) took place from one of the summit craters of the volcano. GNSS data indicate that this phase of gravity decrease was associated to deflation of the volcano edifice. We performed a joint inversion of the gravity data and deformation field to define the parameters of the common mass/pressure source. The optimal source is located beneath the summit crater area of Mt. Etna, at a depth between 2 and 3 km below the sea level. Results of the joint modeling also point to a residual mass change that is largely in excess of the corresponding volume change, for any reasonable density of the material extracted from the source. We propose that the observed gravity decrease was mostly driven by a decompression-related density change, i.e., an increase in the proportion of exsolved gas to magma in the source reservoir. This hypothesis is checked through comparing the results of the geophysical data inversion with independent estimates of the change in exsolved gas content due to pressure decrease in the source reservoir.
Impacts of functionalized organic surfaces in Mn oxides formation in situ monitored by electron microscopy
Authors: Dejean Charlotte , Ortiz Peña Nathaly , Ménez Bénédicte , Gadal Cyril , Bouquerel Hélène , Alloyeau Damien , Gélabert Alexandre
Published: February 2023

Manganese oxide minerals are among the most powerful oxidizers on the Earth's surface. They are therefore key minerals both for the origin of life and exobiology issues but also for those concerning current biogeochemical cycles. Most of these manganese oxides are formed by biomineralization processes carried out by microorganisms that must be deciphered to better understand the fate of metals and metalloids in subsurface environments. A recent study showed that liquid-cell scanning transmission electron microscopy (LC-STEM) enables to monitor in situ the growth of Mn-bearing minerals onto Escherichia coli cells. This study has also highlighted the critical role of the chemical functions carried by cell surfaces and exopolymers during biomineralization. However, the contribution of the different functional groups associated to these biopolymers during mineral nucleation and growth remains poorly defined. In order to better assess the role played by these different chemical functions during biomineralization, functionalized polystyrene beads were used here as analogs of biological surfaces. In addition to control beads without functionalization, nine representative types of functionalization were selected, ranging from simple carboxylic and amino groups, to strong chelating agents such as nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), or more complex proteins such as streptavidin and collagen. Each bead type was exposed to Mn(II)-bearing solution, and mineralization dynamics was continuously monitored in situ by LC-STEM. Mn mineralization was observed for all ten bead types with the formation of pyrolusite (MnO2) at the bead surfaces, as the result of changes in Mn redox state in solution triggered by radiolysis resulting from water and electron beam interactions. For all bead types, mineralization can be described as a nucleation step followed by the formation of larger dendritic structures. However, nucleation site densities, precipitates morphologies, as well as the overall mineral growth kinetics were found to vary significantly between the different grafted chemical functions. The bead surface charge, estimated by electrophoretic mobility, only partly explains these differences in mineralization dynamics. Steric effects, hydrophobicity as well as Mn affinity for the functional groups are certainly important parameters for Mn mineralization. As a result, this study brings interesting constraints on biomineralization processes driven by microorganisms.
Trends in stratospheric contraction under sulfate aerosol injection
Authors: Añel Juan Antonio , de la Torre Laura , Antuña-Marrero Juan Carlos , Sácha Petr
Published: February 2023

The change in the size and density of Earth’s atmospheric layers is a noticeable impact of human activity on climate. It is well known that the troposphere has been widening over the last decades, and a contraction of the stratosphere has been recently quantified. At stratospheric levels, the injection of sulphur dioxide into the stratosphere warms the stratospheric sulphur layer. One of its known side effects is a general decrease in ozone concentrations. However, the magnitude of global ozone depletion decreases with time, and results show that there is even an increase in the stratospheric ozone concentration after sulfate aerosol injection (SAI) has ceased.Here we present some preliminary results from the Geoengineering Large Ensemble Project (GLENS) regarding stratospheric contraction that show that SAI enhances the stratopause descent caused by climate change. In contrast, for the tropopause height, SAI reverses the rising observed with climate change, in values similar to the existing rising but of the opposite sign.
Timescales of volcanic impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Pickarski Nadine , Kwiecien Ola , Litt Thomas
Published: February 2023

Instrumental data show that while the impact of volcanic eruptions on their immediate vicinity is destructive, long-term consequences can be beneficial. However, beyond last millennia observational data and ancient oral history, the detailed insights into timescales and scopes of recovery remain largely unresolved. Here we illustrate the complex response of local and regional vegetation, aquatic ecosystem, and fire activity to volcanic eruptions in close connection to prevailing climate conditions and assess the recovery time in varve-years.We selected five volcaniclastic layers in the annually laminated sediments from Lake Van (Turkey). Analysed intervals cover glacial, interglacial, stadial and interstadial snapshots (spanning from Marine Isotope Stages 3 to 9e) and facilitate studying ecosystem’s responses under different climatic boundary conditions. Using high-resolution pollen data, non-pollen palynomorphs, and microscopic charcoal particles (>20 µm) we attempted to disentangle climatic and volcanic forcing of natural environmental disturbances. Our results highlight that the thickness of subsequent volcanic deposits and the respective climatic conditions strongly influence the impact on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Similarily, the vegetation types predominant before the volcanic eruption have a decisive influence on subsequent pollen productivity and vegetation composition. On land, the most common response to ash deposition is a sudden shift towards steppe herbaceous taxa and abrupt fire activity. The affected herbaceous vegetation can recover to pre-eruption levels in as few as 20 to 40 varve-years. On the contrary, the lake water experiences intensified productivity due to subsequent nutrient input and significant short-term increase in aquatic taxa and non-siliceous microfossils.Our approach helps in understanding complex ecosystems subjected to a variety of influencing factors operating on different time scales. Our results show the importance of distinguishing between the impact of tephra deposition and volcanically-induced climate change for tracking short-term ecosystem changes superimposed on long-term trends.
Drivers of root water uptake patterns in a beech-dominated mixed forest
Authors: Demir Gökben , Guswa Andrew J. , Filipzik Janett , Metzger Johanna Clara , Hildebrandt Anke
Published: February 2023

Throughfall constitutes the majority of water  entering most forest ecosystems' root zones. Previous studies showed that throughfall patterns are temporally stable and influence soil moisture response to rainfall. However, their impact on soil water distribution ceases rapidly. The spatial variation in root water uptake was proposed as a reason for this decoupling throughfall and soil water patterns, but,  to the best of our knowdeldge experimental evidence is lacking. Therefore, we investigated root water uptake patterns with comprehensive field observations in an unmanaged forest site in the 2019 (April-August) growing season. The research site (1 ha) is a part of Hainich CZE in Thuringia, Germany. In the site, the tree community consists of 574 individuals of various ages (diameter at breast height ≥ 5cm). The European beech dominated site also hosts other temperate species such as Sycamore maple, European ash, and Norway maple. The field observation setup was composed of closely paired (within 1 m) throughfall and soil water content measurements at 34 locations. While soil water content was recorded every six minutes, throughfall was measured weekly. Moreover, we measured open rainfall in an adjacent open grassland (distance 250 m)  at the same time as  throughfall .We derived root water uptake at each location from diurnal variations within the soil moisture time series. While daily average transpiration ranged between 0.9 mm d and 3 mm potential evapotranspiration changed between 1.8 mm and 3.1 mm. Further, we applied a linear mixed-effect model to identify controlling factors for horizontal patterns of root water uptake throughout the growing season. We found that temporally stable throughfall patterns do not influence root water uptake patterns. Instead, soil water distribution and vegetation features significantly influence local water uptake. We show that greater local soil water storage promoted root water uptake, slightly modulated by field capacity. Further, seasonally declined soil water storage, on average, likely shifted water extraction depth to deeper layers. A higher number of species is also related to higher root water uptake, which possibly signifies water competition among trees. Our findings suggest that elevated throughfall is neither taken up by roots nor retained in the soil matrix, probably due to local processes such as fast flow. Ultimately, the soil water availability and adaptation of co-existing trees to changes in accessible water storage regulate root water uptake patterns.
I-CHANGE (Individual Change of HAbits Needed for Green European transition) project
Authors: Parodi Antonio , Di Sabatino Silvana , Alpert Pinhas , Mazzetti Paolo , Pilla Francesco , Llasat Maria Carmen , Steeneveld Gert-Jan , Adnan Muhammad , Wetterhall Fredrik , Soini Katriina , Skot Stine , Firus Katja , Kalas Milan , Trozzi Carlo , Broschkowski Ephraim , Salack Seyni ,   I-CHANGE
Published: February 2023

Climate change phenomena represent the most serious threats to human well-being and sustainable development. This affects several dimensions of human life from individual health issues to economic growth, passing through civil protection, with strong impacts on European territories and in several other world regions. The I-CHANGE (Individual Change of HAbits Needed for Green European transition, 2021-2025) project faces the challenge of engaging and promoting the active participation of citizens (students, cultural associations, cyclists, boat men etc) for addressing climate change, sustainable development and environmental protection in the framework of the European Green Deal , the European Climate Pact and the European Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.The overall driving concept is that citizens and civil society have a central role in the definition of environmental protection and climate action and their direct involvement is essential to drive a true shift and promotion of changes of behaviors towards more sustainable patterns. I-CHANGE represents a change of paradigm achievable through a multidisciplinary and participatory approach: improvement of data usability - citizen understanding raises through the observation of the environmental impacts of human activities; active participation of citizens - the active involvement of citizens through a set of Living Labs (LLs) located in different socio-economic contexts (Europe, Middle-East and Africa); climate change awareness – the development of clear understanding for citizens of the scientific processes underlying climate change and environmental protections; behaviour change – addressing the climate crisis requires a focus on high-impact behaviours and high-emitting groups. First year and half of I-CHANGE activities will be presented and discussed. 
Constraints on cloud fraction adjustment to aerosols using explainable machine learning
Authors: Jia Yichen , Andersen Hendrik , Cermak Jan
Published: February 2023

This study applies explainable machine learning to near-global daily satellite and reanalysis data. We quantify and analyse the sensitivities of cloud fraction (CLF) to aerosol changes and their dependence on meteorological parameters. Aerosol-cloud interactions have prolonged influences on the Earth’s radiation budget but remain one of the most substantial uncertainties in the climate system. Marine boundary layer clouds (MBLCs) are particularly important since they cover a large portion of the Earth’s surface. One of the biggest challenges in quantifying aerosol-cloud interactions from observations lies in isolating the CLF adjustments due to aerosol perturbations from the covariability of local meteorology and quantifying the influences of meteorology on the aerosol-CLF relationship. In this study, 10 years (2011-2020) of near-global daily satellite cloud products are used in combination with reanalysis data of meteorological confounders. Using cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) as a proxy for aerosol, MBLC CLF is predicted by region-specific gradient boosting machine learning models. By means of SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) regression values, the predictions are explained by quantifying the sensitivities of CLF to the predictors. Furthermore, the meteorological influences on the CLF adjustments are analysed with SHAP interaction values to define an interaction index (IAI). Globally, the regional ML models are able to capture on average 32% and up to around 71% of the variability of CLF. Global patterns of CLF sensitivities show that CLF is positively associated with CDNC and lower tropospheric stability (LTS), strongest in low-cloud regions. Increased sea surface temperature (SST) on the other hand will lead to reduced CLF, probably by increasing the vertical moisture gradient. The CDNC-CLF sensitivities are especially strong in stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition regions. Negative CLF sensitivities to the u wind component at 700 hPa are found for most regions which may indicate an influence of facilitated turbulence at the cloud top. In terms of the interactive effects of meteorological parameters, a significant dependence of the CDNC-CLF relationship on LTS and SST is found in low-cloud regions, and the patterns coincide with sensitivities. Positive IAIs are shown globally for SST and LTS, indicating that the CDCN-CLF sensitivity is stronger with high SST/LTS values. The ongoing work shows that CDNC-CLF sensitivity is positive globally after accounting for meteorological covariations. Globally, SST and LTS can influence the positive CDNC-CLF relationship significantly, which is especially the case in stratocumulus regions. Detailed investigations will be carried out for not only SST/LTS but also other predictors to dig out the physics and causality behind the statistics.  
Optimization of simulated CO2 & NO2 concentrations for a detailed infrastructure map in the Middle East
Authors: Cheliotis Ioannis , Lauvaux Thomas , Lian Jinghui , Christoudias Theodoros , Georgiou George , Chevallier Frédéric , Lei Ruixue , Ciais Philippe
Published: February 2023

Atmospheric chemistry models play a major role for relating greenhouse gases and pollutants concentrations to emissions at high temporal resolutions over large areas. On that account, it is fundamental to use up-to-date anthropogenic emissions maps as model inputs. Despite efforts by researchers to create global emission datasets with high temporal resolutions, for countries with no national data, generic activity maps and emission factors are used, thus the accurate representation of the anthropogenic emissions in a local scale still remains challenging. This study presents an improved spatially explicit dataset for anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and NOx over the Middle-East, a region characterized by extensive gas power plants and heavy industries operations. Our dataset was developed by combining a detailed infrastructure map for point sources in the area and it is used to simulate the distribution of CO2 and NO2 using the WRF-Chem mesoscale atmospheric transport chemistry model. Furthermore, the chemistry scheme of the WRF-Chem model in the simulation of CO2 and NO2 plumes is examined, in comparison with satellite observations.
   
In the framework of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East – Climate and Atmosphere Research (EMME-CARE) project, our new detailed infrastructure map for power plants and gas flaring has been implemented in WRF-Chem simulations for the Middle-East region to complete the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) as input. The EDGAR data consists of emissions by various sectors such as power plants, industry, residential, transportation and agriculture. Furthermore, hourly scaling factors have been applied to the anthropogenic emissions according to the electricity consumption of the particular urban areas, taking into account the weekly as well as the monthly variations. The periods under study are January 2021 and June 2021. By comparing the WRF-Chem outputs to TROPOMI satellite observations for NO2, the results show that the addition of point sources was crucial for the detection of some NO2 plumes. Moreover, the WRF-Chem model systematically overestimated the NO2 concentrations in the area with the current EDGAR dataset, therefore we introduced a new relationship between monthly and annual emissions for the Middle-East region. By carrying out WRF-Chem simulations with NO2 acting as a passive tracer it was also possible to examine the impact of the model chemistry in NO2 plumes development. Finally, CO2 was also simulated by the WRF-Chem model as a passive tracer and the results showed a good agrement with XCO2 data observed by the OCO-2 and OCO-3 instruments.
Multi-basin calibration of the ECMWF land-surface model ECLand
Authors: Thober Stephan , Schweppe Robert , Kelbling Matthias , Müller Sebastian , Mai Juliane , Prudhomme Christel , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Samaniego Luis
Published: February 2023

Accurately and efficiently estimating parameters for spatially distributed environmental models is impossible without proper regularization of the parameter space. The Multiscale Parameter Regionalization (MPR, Samaniego et al. 2010) makes use of high-resolution physiographic data (i.e., physiographic data such as soil maps and land cover information) to translate local land surface properties into model parameters. MPR consists of two steps: first, the high-resolution model parameters are derived from physiographic data via transfer functions at the native resolution. Second, the model parameters are upscaled to the target resolution used by the environmental modelling application. MPR has been already successfully applied for the mesoscale hydrologic model (mHM, Samaniego et al. 2010, Kumar et al. 2013). The model agnostic, stand-alone version  implementation of MPR (Schweppe et al., 2022) allows applying this technique to any land-surface model or hydrological model.In this study, we apply the MPR to optimize parameters for the land-surface model ECLand (Boussetta et al. 2021) of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. Calibrating ECLand parameters at individual river basins leads to an improved representation of river discharge, i.e., an improved Kling-Gupta efficiency. In an ongoing effort, we explore model parameters optimization on multiple basins simultaneously to provide an improved representation of river discharge at a global scale. The calibration locations are chosen to cover different climates, soil, and land characteristics among other features.References:Samaniego L., Kumar, R., and Attinger, S.: “Multiscale parameter regionalization of a grid-based hydrologic model at the mesoscale”, Water Resour. Res., 46, 2010.Kumar, R., Samaniego, L., and Attinger, S.: “Implications of distributed hydrologic model parameterization on water fluxes at multiple scales and locations”, Water Resources Res, 2013Schweppe, R., Thober, S., Müller, S., Kelbling, M., Kumar, R., Attinger, S., and Samaniego, L.: MPR 1.0: a stand-alone multiscale parameter regionalization tool for improved parameter estimation of land surface models, Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 859–882, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-859-2022, 2022Boussetta S, Balsamo G, Arduini G, Dutra E, McNorton J, Choulga M, Agustí-Panareda A, Beljaars A, Wedi N, Munõz-Sabater J, de Rosnay P, Sandu I, Hadade I, Carver G, Mazzetti C, Prudhomme C, Yamazaki D, Zsoter E. ECLand: The ECMWF Land Surface Modelling System. Atmosphere. 2021; 12(6):723. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060723
Testing the response of natural plankton community to ocean alkalinity enhancement in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Paul Allanah , Haunost Mathias , Goldenberg Silvan , Sanchez Smith Nicolas , Riebesell Ulf
Published: February 2023

Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is one approach under investigation to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and durably sequester it in the ocean. Currently, little is known about possible biogeochemical or ecological changes that may result from this increase in seawater alkalinity from experimental data. To address this gap, we carried out a in situ mesocosm experiment to investigate how a plankton community in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic Ocean responds to enhancement of ocean alkalinity over a 33 day study period. A gradient of nine alkalinity treatments ranging from ambient (~2400 µmol kg-1) to 2x ambient (~4800 µmol kg-1) was implemented where the seawater CO2 was already equilibrated with atmospheric CO2. Here, we focus on changes in the biogeochemical element pools to determine if organic matter partitioning and nutrient cycling may be sensitive changes in seawater chemistry induced by deployment of OAE in an oligotrophic plankton community. Overall, only 3 out of 15 sampled biogeochemical pools displayed measurable changes. Nitrogen turnover processes in the surface ocean appear to be more susceptible than other elements to OAE as two of the impacts were on nitrogen-related pools and a significant phytoplankton bloom (3.5 – 5 µg L-1) occurred in selected mesocosms where alkalinity was enhanced despite nitrate-limited growth in primary producers. However, overall this study suggests that as long as no additional nutrients are added (silicate, nitrogen, trace metals) in the process of enhancing seawater alkalinity, and the carbon is already sequestered (equilibrated with atmospheric pCO2), the risk of negative impacts on primary producer biomass and biogeochemical functioning, appears to be low on time scales of up to 30 days, even with a doubling of seawater alkalinity. 
Solar Orbiter Observations of Ion Species during the Encounter with the Tail of Comet Leonard
Authors: Stubbs Timothy , Galvin Antoinette , Livi Stefano , Delano Kevin , Ellis Lorna , Kistler Lynn , Dewey Ryan , Raines Jim , Lepri Susan , Lario David , Jones Geraint , Grant Samuel , Wurz Peter , Kucharek Harald , Owen Christopher , Fedorov Andrei , Louarn Philippe , Matteini Lorenzo , Berger Lars , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert ,   The Heavy Ion Sensor (HIS) Science Team
Published: February 2023

Around 17 December 2021, the Solar Orbiter spacecraft was predicted to have had its closest approach to comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) with a minimum streamline distance < 0.01 AU. This encounter provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate in situ comet Leonard's interaction with the solar wind and the composition of pick-up ions produced by ionization and dissociation of outgassed neutrals from its coma. It was a long-period comet originating from the Oort Cloud with a nucleus about 1 km in diameter, with ground-based telescope observations after its perihelion pass (at ~0.62 AU on 3 January 2022) indicating that it had subsequently disintegrated. Prior to perihelion, outbursts had been reported as well as variations in brightness, which had resulted in speculation about an impending disintegration. However, the dimming in November 2021, before the Solar Orbiter encounter, was argued to be due to a transition from outgassing dominated by carbon dioxide to water. Comet Leonard was the brightest comet of the year and noted for its spectacular ion tail with complex structures, including knots and streamers. Preliminary analysis of in situ Solar Orbiter observations have revealed tell-tale signatures of a cometary encounter around the time of predicted closest approach, such as evidence for magnetic field line draping. However, the clearest evidence has come from Solar Wind Analyzer-Heavy Ion Sensor (SWA-HIS) observations of singly-charged oxygen ions, which are typically not of solar origin and are usually produced when the solar wind interacts with a comet or other Solar System body. In this presentation we use SWA-HIS and EDP-STEP data to investigate aspects of the solar wind interaction and composition of cometary pick-up ions from this active, long-period comet shortly before its disintegration.
Montréal at the Crossroads, edited by Pierre Gauthier, Jochen Jaeger, and Jason Princer
Authors: Anderson Paul
Published: February 2023

Montreal at the Crossroads is an overview of the issues surrounding the provincial government's proposal to rebuild the aging Turcot Interchange. In a broad sense, it discusses whether it is appropriate to rebuild aging highway infrastructure or whether the need for highway infrastructure renewal should be an opportunity to make major changes in the urban transportation network. Each chapter was written by different authors and contributes a separate view of the Turcot Interchange and the proposals to rebuild it.
Introduction: The Journal of Transport and Land Use enters year six
Authors: Levinson David M
Published: February 2023

The Journal of Transport and Land Use enters its sixth volume continuing to publish selected peer-reviewed papers from the most recent World Symposium on Transport and Land Use Research. The 2014 Symposium will be held in Delft, Netherlands, and we hope to see a large turnout. Look out for invitations and announcements.
DISTRIBUTION AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FERULA-RELATED PLANTS ON THE KARATAU RIDGE
Authors:   Central Asian Innovation University, Shymkent city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Baibekov E. , Berdalieva A.M. ,   Central Asian Innovation University, Shymkent city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: February 2023

Мақалада Қаратау феруласының (Ferula tadshikorum M.Pimen.) ботаникалық, морфологиялық, онтогенездік және фитоценоздық ерекшеліктері келтірілді. Табиғи өсу жағдайында даму ерекшеліктері мен фенологиялық фазалардың өту мерзімі анықталды. Табиғи жағдайда көшеттер (p) ақпанның аяғында - наурыздың басында пайда болады. Тұқымның өнуі жер үстінде өтеді, оның ұзындығы 3-4 см және ені шамамен 3 мм, ашық жасыл түсті. Қалыпты сақтау кезінде олар 6-7 жылға дейін өміршеңдігін сақтай алатыны тәжірибе жүзінде дәлелденген. Төрт жасар мерикарпты сепкенде өнгіштігі 45-50% болды. Бұл түр мезобиотиктер тобына жатады, олардың генеративті диаспоралары өздерінің өну қабілетін 3 жылдан 15 жылға дейін сақтайды, біртіндеп өну қабілетін төмендетеді. Эфемерлі-ферулді бірлестікте өскіннің орташа саны 1га миллионнан астам, орташа тығыздығы 1м2 104 өскін болды. Ферула сирек кездесетін эфемерлі - шалшық бірлестігінде орташа өскін саны өте көп болды. Екінші жылдың вегетациялық кезеңінің соңына қарай жас өсімдіктердің саны үш есеге азайды. Қаратау феруласының өмірінің бірінші жылының аяғында ұзындығы 10-15 см, ені 3-5 смболатын 1-2 жапырақ өседі. Осы уақытқа дейін оның тамыры ұзындығы 8-11 см-ге жетеді және 1-2 қатарлы бірнеше бүйір тамыры бар тармақтары бар. Қаратау феруласының ең мол гүлденуі сәуір айында байқалады. Қаратау Сасырының монокарпты ұзын сабақты жартылай розеткалы МNC бар. Мұндай өсімдіктердің дамуы үш фазалы цикл бойынша жүреді: бүршік - розетка өркені - жапырақты гүлді өркен.
PERFORMING A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM OF INCREASING STUDENTS' CREATIVITY WITH THE HELP OF OUTSIDE THE CLASS WORK
Authors:   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Zharylgapova D.M. , Bibolat M.D. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: February 2023

Сыныптан тыс жұмыстар балалардың сабақта алған білімдерін тереңдетеді және кеңейтеді сондықтан олардың пәнге деген қызығушылығы арттырылады. Үйірмеде, жиналыста немесе кешкі сабақта осы немесе басқа құбылысты білетін бала оның табиғатын тереңірек түсінуге тырысады және көбірек әдебиет оқуға тырысады. Біз сыныптан тыс жұмыстар мұғалімге өз оқушыларының жеке қабілеттерін тереңірек танып білуге, олардың арасынан физикаға қызығушылық танытатын дарынды оқушыларды анықтауға және осы қызығушылықты дамытуға жан-жақты бағыт беруге көмектеседі деп есептейміз.Сыныптан тыс жұмыстар міндетті бағдарламамен байланысты емес, олар оқушылардың қажеттіліктерін ескере отырып ұйымдастырылады және өткізіледі. Сыныптан тыс жұмыстарды ұйымдастырған кезде мұғалім мен оқушылардың уақытын ұтымды пайдалану қажет, сондықтан барлық сыныптан тыс жұмыстарды оқу жылы басталғанға дейін жоспарлау өте маңызды. Мұндай жоспар оқушылардың қалауы мен бейімділігіне сәйкес және жалпы мектептік жылдық жоспарды ескере отырып жасалуы керек. Біз физикадан сыныптан тыс жұмыстың тәрбиелік міндеттерін талдау кезінде мектеп оқушыларымен жүргізілетін сабақ пен сыныптан тыс жұмыс мақсаттарының бірлігі қағидасын басшылыққа алу қажет деп есептейміз. Жалпы білім беретін орта мектепте физиканы оқыту процесінде оқушылар қоғамдық және ғылыми-техникалық прогрестің қазіргі талаптарына сәйкес физика ғылымының негіздерін терең де берік меңгеруі тиіс. Оқушыларды өз білімін үздіксіз жетілдіруге, өз бетінше толықтыруға және тәжірибеде қолдана білуге ұмтылуға тәрбиелеу керек.Бұл тапсырмаларды тек физика сабағында толық шешу мүмкін емес. Олардың көпшілігі сабақ шеңберіне сәйкес келмейтін жұмыс формалары мен әдістерін қолдануды талап етеді.
Ahmet Baytursınov’un Eserlerinde Uyanma Kavramı
Authors: Unal Yener , Özdemir Cemal
Published: February 2023

Ahmet Baytursinov is one of the most important poet writers who came to the fore among Kazakh scholars at the beginning of the 20th century. He is one of the pioneers of the idea of independence, which aims the Kazakh people to be independent by getting rid of captivity and to take their place among the modern countries in culture and civilization. He saw that the first condition for reaching his goal was education and he devoted an important part of his life to education. At the same time, he made an effort to keep the culture alive and transfer it to future generations by compiling and publishing Kazakh folklore products. He pioneered Kazakh language and literature studies. Especially the works of " Kіrk Mіsal " and " Masa" shed light on the development history of the independence literature at the beginning of the 20th century and became a turning point. Thus, Baytursinov laid the foundations of national libertarian poetry in Kazakh literature. Kazakh poetry has become an example of poetry fighting for freedom. This study has been done on the themes such as the concept of independence and awakening in Ahmet Baytursinov's works. At the same time, as the qualitative research method is used; In order to collect data in the research, the document analysis method from the qualitative research motifs was used. The data obtained are given within the framework of the works " Kіrk Mіsal " and " Masa". Key words: Akhmet Baitursinov, Kazakh, Kіrk Mіsal, Masa (Syre fly) Poems, The Concept of Awakening, Freedom.
PENGARUH SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN PEMERINTAH (SPIP) TERHADAP PERENCANAAN DAN PELAKSANAAN ANGGARAN DANA DESA DI KECAMATAN MENTAYA HULU KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR
Authors: Bahrujianor Bahrujianor , Mutmainah Mutmainah , Angela Leliana Maria
Published: February 2023

The purpose in this research is to test the influence of government internal control system to the planning and implementation of Village Fund budget in Mentaya Hulu Sub-district, East Kotawarwants Regency both partially and simultaneously. The research method used to analyse this research is quantitative with a descriptive format that aims to describe, summarize the various conditions, situations or various variables present in the village apparatus. The population in this research is the entire village and sub-district apparatus consisting of 16 villages 1 village and 1 sub district with research samples as much as 189 respondents. the control environment significantly affects the implementation of village funds budget. Risk assessment is a significant impact on the budget planning of village funds. risk assessments have significant effect on the implementation of village budget funds