bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As medidas estruturantes e a compatibilidade com o direito processual brasileiro
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Renata Bolzan Jauris Renata Bolzan , Bellinetti Luiz Fernando ,   Unversidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the possibility of applying structuring injunctions in Brazilian civil procedural law. Utilizing literature review, this study explores whether the Brazilian, constitutional and infraconstitutional normative system is apt for the adoption of structuring injunctions without contradicting or affronting the current legal system. To this end, this article analyzes the constitutional principles of access to justice, the division of state functions, as well as the principles of demand and correlation. It also studies legislative innovations of the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure of 2015, specifically the general procedural clauses and the principle of collaboration. This study then goes on to study article 21 of the Law of Introduction to Norms of Brazilian Law, which adopts explicitly the use of structural measures in the judicial decision-making process.
A Concordância Nominal de Número no Português Usado em Oiapoque - AP
Authors: Ribeiro Celeste Maria da Rocha
Published: December 2020

o presente estudo apresenta um recorte de pesquisa sobre contato linguístico que culminou em tese desenvolvida a partir de dados orais de falantes moradores do município de Oiapoque (AP); foram considerados três grupos de usuários do português brasileiro (PB), oiapoquenses falantes de português língua materna (L1) e franceses e indígenas falantes de português segunda língua (L2). Porém, neste texto serão abordados apenas os usos relativos ao primeiro grupo. O fenômeno linguístico trabalhado foi o processo de concordância nominal de número. A amostra é composta de dados orais de 18 oiapoquenses, coletada a partir de narrativas espontâneas e relatos pessoais. Os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos seguem os parâmetros da teoria variacionista preconizada por Labov (1972). Os resultados revelam um quadro de mudança em progresso sendo desencadeada pelos falantes mais jovens que tendem a fazer maior uso das marcas de plural, nos elementos constituintes do sintagma nominal, na variedade do português brasileiro, empregada em Oiapoque.
Diagnosis and Management of Subcoracoid Impingement
Authors: McKernan Michael J. , Schickendantz Mark S. , Frangiamore Salvatore J.
Published: December 2020

Impingement of the subcoracoid space is a poorly understood pathologic cause of anterior shoulder pain. Because of its relative rarity in isolation and nonspecific presentation, diagnosis and management are often challenging for orthopaedic surgeons and their patients. Stenosis of the subcoracoid space between the lesser tuberosity and the coracoid process <6 mm can lead to anterior shoulder pain and associated rotator cuff and biceps pathology. Multiple imaging modalities are available to assess narrowing of the coracohumeral interval, each with its strengths and limitations. If the patient can be accurately diagnosed with subcoracoid impingement, both conservative and surgical management options are available. Despite earlier case series demonstrating promising results with arthroscopic treatment, comparative studies have yet to support these initial claims.
Discharge Destination After Shoulder Arthroplasty: An Analysis of Discharge Outcomes, Placement Risk Factors, and Recent Trends
Authors: Lavoie-Gagne Ophelie , Lu Yining , MacLean Ian , Forlenza Enrico , Forsythe Brian
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Rates of shoulder arthroplasty continue to increase. Factors influencing disposition and the effect discharge destination may have on perioperative outcomes are currently unknown. This study (1) investigates patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty subsequently discharged to home, skilled nursing facilities, and or independent rehabilitation facilities; (2) identifies differences in perioperative outcomes; and (3) investigates the risk of adverse events and readmission after nonhome disposition.

Methods:

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty from 2013 to 2018. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between patient characteristics and risks of discharge to a non-home destination, discharge to an independent rehabilitation facility as opposed to a skilled nursing facility, severe postdischarge adverse events, and unplanned readmission.

Results:

Factors associated with discharge to a non-home facility included those older than 85 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 14.38), dialysis requirement (OR, 4.16), transfer from a non-home facility (OR, 3.69), dependent functional status (OR, 3.17), female sex (OR, 2.78), history of congestive heart failure (2.05), American Society of Anesthesiologists class >2 (OR, 1.97), longer length of stay (OR, 1.47), and body mass index >35 (OR, 1.29) (P < 0.05). Patients discharged to a non-home facility had an approximately quadrupled rate of both major adverse events (8.6% vs 2.4%, P < 0.001) and minor adverse events (6.1% vs 1.4%, P < 0.001). Discharge to a non-home facility had a higher likelihood of a severe adverse event (OR, 1.82, P = 0.029) or unplanned readmission (OR, 1.60, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Non-home discharge destination demonstrated a notable negative impact on postoperative outcomes independent of medical complexity. Preoperative management of modifiable risk factors may decrease length of inpatient stay, rates of disposition to non-home facilities, and total cost of care. The benefit of more intense postoperative management at a non-home discharge destination must be carefully weighed against the independent risk of postoperative adverse events and readmissions.
Antipsychotic Use Is Associated With Longer In-Hospital Lengths of Stay and Higher Rates of Venous Thromboembolism and Costs of Care After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hernandez Nicholas M. , Vakharia Rushabh M. , Mont Michael A. , Roche Martin W. , Seyler Thorsten M.
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Studies have shown that antipsychotic medication use may lead to venous thromboembolisms (VTEs); however, this association has not been demonstrated in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients taking antipsychotic medications at the time of their primary TKA have higher rates of in-hospital lengths of stay (LOS), VTEs, and costs of care.

Methods:

Patients taking antipsychotic medications were identified and matched to a cohort in a 1:5 ratio by age, sex, and medical comorbidities. Patients who had a history of VTEs or hypercoagulable states before their TKA were excluded. The query resulted in 439,579 patients within the study (n = 73,285) and matching cohorts (n = 366,294). Outcomes analyzed included rates of in-hospital LOS, VTEs, and costs of care. A P value less than 0.01 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

We found statistically significant longer in-hospital LOS for patients taking antipsychotic medications (3.27 versus 3.02 days, P < 0.0001). Study patients were also found to have a higher incidence and odds ratio of VTEs (2.37 versus 1.04%; odds ratio: 1.86, 95% confidence interval: 1.75–1.97, P < 0.0001). Ninety-day costs of care were also significantly higher in the study cohort ($17,332.70 versus $15,975.00, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

After adjusting for confounders, patients taking antipsychotic medication were found to have higher rates of in-hospital LOS, VTEs, and costs of care. The study can be used by orthopaedic surgeons to counsel patients taking these medications concerning the potential complications after their procedure.
Foreign Policy of President Kh. Battulga (2017-2020)
Authors: Rodionov Vladimir
Published: December 2020

Mongolia located between Russia and China has been the object of close attention not only for its geographic neighbors, but also for non-regional states called as “third neighbor”. That’s why Mongolian foreign policy has traditionally been an important part of its development strategy. One of the main roles in the process of determining Mongolia’s foreign policy strategy belongs to the President. Democratic Party candidate Kh. Battulga won at the Presidential elections in 2017. All his steps in the field of foreign policy can be divided into three main areas. Firstly, the President of Mongolia has established himself as a supporter of improving relations with Russia, primarily through intensifying trade and economic cooperation and active personal diplomacy towards the Russian side. Secondly, Kh. Battulga demonstrated diplomacy in the Chinese direction though he had difficult time to build cooperation with the southern neighbor of Mongolia due to his election campaign criticizing China. . . Thirdly, Kh. Battulga made some changes in the strategy of relations with the “third neighbor”. For example, he rejected an active participation in some global international events and stayed indifferent to the idea of “permanent neutrality” of Mongolia. Perhaps the most serious foreign policy initiative of the new President of Mongolia was the idea of joining the Shanghai Cooperation Organization as a permanent member. This idea has caused serious political discussions in the country, dividing the expert network into supporters and opponents of the President’s initiative. However, despite certain changes in Mongolia’s foreign policy under the President Battulga, it is difficult to state a radical turn in the foreign policy strategy. Due to political and legal reasons, as well as the external conditions of social and economic development of Mongolia, the President is not able to change the main foundations and principles of foreign policy of the state formed in the post-socialist period. Meanwhile it could be admitted that in Mongolia’s foreign policy the rationality based on the ideological solidarity (“commonwealth of democracies”) is gradually giving way to the rationality of a geographical contiguity and economic pragmatism.
TB in Indian adolescents: results from a nationally representative survey, 2015–2016
Authors: Bhargava M. , Shewade H. D. , Bhargava A.
Published: December 2020

SETTING: Adolescents (age: 15–19 years) from the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–2016), India.OBJECTIVE: To examine the sociodemographic and nutritional characteristics of adolescents with reported TB and those with a reported household TB exposure.METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data. We assessed the factors associated with TB (reported in adolescents, or in a household member) using log binomial regression. We used height-for-age and body mass index for age Z-scores for stunting and thinness, respectively.RESULTS:
Of the total 277 059 adolescents, 377 (136/100 000, 95%CI 123–151) were reported with TB and this was similar in both sexes. Another 4528 adolescents (1.6%, 95%CI 1.6–1.7) reported household TB exposure. Poverty and urban residence were associated with higher prevalence
of TB and household TB exposure. The proportion of stunting was 40.7% (95%CI 33.5–48.0) in adolescents with reported TB and 38.2% (95%CI 36.2–40.2) (P = 0.248) in those with household TB exposure.CONCLUSION: Prevalence of reported adolescent TB was lower than
adult TB. Poverty and urban residence were risk factors for both TB and household TB exposure. Chronic undernutrition was highly prevalent among those reported to have TB and in those at risk of TB by virtue of having household TB exposure.
Pre-migration TB screening—the first step is always the hardest
Authors: Ohkado A. , Douglas P. , Zenner D. , Kawatsu L.
Published: December 2020

As the proportion of foreign-born persons among TB notifications continues to rise, Japan is preparing to introduce pre-migration TB screening for those coming from selected countries, who are intending to stay for more than 90 days. It has announced that the programme will commence
in 2020. In this review, the authors examine the experiences from two countries which already have years of experience in operating pre-migration TB screening, namely the United Kingdom and Australia. The authors point out that both countries have developed strong health information system
not only to collect and analyse screening results, but also to use the data to effectively monitor and evaluate the screening programme itself. The critical role which health information system plays within pre-migration screening is often overlooked. Here we argue that Japan, as with any
other countries planning to introduce pre-migration screening for TB, must also plan for data management.
The acquisition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in village doctors in China: a prospective study
Authors: Zhang H. , Cao X. , Wang D. , Xin H. , Liu Z. , Yan J. , Feng B. , Quan Z. , Du Y. , Liu J. , Guan L. , Shen F. , Guan X. , Jin Q. , Pan S. , Gao L.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure-related risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been reported for village doctors in China. This prospective study aims to estimate the infection acquisition in this key population.METHODS: At baseline, all village
doctors registered in Zhongmu County were tested by QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) in parallel. Those negatives for either of the tests were retested to identify conversions at the 2-year follow-up investigation.RESULTS:
A total of 367 eligible participants completed the 2-year follow-up survey with frequency of conversion of 5.0% (18/361) for QFT and 6.1% (21/343) for QFT-Plus. The agreement of follow-up results between the tests was 93.2% with a κ coefficient of 0.43 (95%CI 0.20–0.65). Among
QFT-Plus convertors, the difference between TB1 and TB2 tubes (TB2-TB1) was significantly increased as compared with baseline results (P = 0.039). Participants from the villages with occurrence of microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB showed higher frequency of QFT conversions (11.0%
vs. 3.2%, P = 0.011) and QFT-Plus conversions (12.3% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.027) than those from the villages without occurrence.CONCLUSION: Our results consistently suggest that capability on occupational protection and M. tuberculosis infection control should be
improved in village doctors in China.
RESCUE PROCEDURE EFFECTIVENESS IN TERMS OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLE FATIGUE
Authors: Kucia Katarzyna , Dybińska Ewa , Białkowski Tomasz , Pałka Tomasz , Topa Sylwia , Duda Henryk
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Diagnosis of sudden cardiac arrest in an injured person and taking quick actions to restore vital functions is a critical point of pre-hospital care, carried out not only by medical personnel in civilian, but also in water rescue conditions. Aim: The purpose of the study is to identify spirometry and cardiopulmonary indices that influence rescue actions at the level of respiratory muscle fatigue, and may have potential impact on the effectiveness and quality of the rescue operation. Material and methods: The study involved 48 male uniformed soldiers with permission to perform water rescue as part of a training programme regarding tactical activities. Spirometry and cardiopulmonary resuscitation tests were performed before and after lifesaving water tests. The quality of respiratory muscle fatigue at rest and in the condition of fatigue was compared. The recording instrument was the portable Micro Loop spirometer and Ambu Defib Trainer W (Wireless). Results: The respiratory parameters that may affect the quality and effectiveness of rescue water tests in the area of speed and intensity are: peak exhaust flow, maximal ventilation index, ventilation volume per minute, ventilation rate and maximal respiratory pressure. Conclusion: The most important spirometric and cardiopulmonary parameters identifying respiratory muscle fatigue level of are: VmV, FEV, FVC, PEF, FEVO FEV3, which total as much as 12.26% of all parameters taken into account, and their improvement may be associated with better rescue performance, both in qualitative and quantitative terms.
Spaliny emitowane z silników Diesla, mierzone jako węgiel elementarny.
Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy
Authors: Szewczyńska Małgorzata , Pośniak Małgorzata , Kowalska Joanna
Published: December 2020

W Polsce dotychczas nie było konieczności oznaczania stężenia węgla elementarnego (EC) w celu oceny narażenia inhalacyjnego pracowników, ponieważ polska wartość NDS jest ustalona dla frakcji respirabilnej spalin silników Diesla. Nie ma również żadnych danych dotyczących poziomu stężeń EC w powietrzu stanowisk pracy, a narażenie na ten niebezpieczny dla zdrowia czynnik dotyczy bardzo dużej populacji pracowników zatrudnionych m.in. w podziemnych wyrobiskach górniczych, jak również strażaków, kierowców tirów, autobusów, a także pracowników stacji obsługi samochodów (Szymańska i in. 2019). Wprowadzenie do Dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2019/130 z dnia 16 stycznia 2019 r. wartości BOELVs 0,05 mg/m3 dla spalin silników wysokoprężnych Diesla w środowisku pracy, mierzonych jako węgiel elementarny, wymaga dostosowania przepisów krajowych do tej wartości i opracowania metody oznaczania węgla elementarnego. Celem prac badawczych było opracowanie metody oznaczania węgla elementarnego w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy na poziomie 0,005 mg/m3. W wyniku badań opracowano metodę oznaczania węgla elementarnego w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy z zastosowaniem termo-optycznego analizatora z detektorem płomieniowo-jonizacyjnym. Metoda polega na przepuszczeniu badanego powietrza zawierającego spaliny silnika Diesla przez filtr kwarcowy umieszczony w kasecie i analizie w odpowiednim programie temperaturowym. Uzyskano oznaczalność EC 0,0027 mg/m3. Całkowita precyzja badania wynosiła 5,6%, względna niepewność całkowita 11,2%, a niepewność rozszerzona 22,4%. Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny środowiska pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu oraz inżynierii środowiska.
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE LAYERED STRUCTURE
OF PROSTHETIC CROWNS IN MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONS
Authors: Ryniewicz Andrzej , Ryniewicz Anna M. , Bojko Łukasz , Pałka Paweł , Ryniewicz Wojciech
Published: December 2020

Prosthetic crowns are made in accordance with the principles of clinical procedures while taking into account
the rules of endurance, biocompatibility, and aesthetics. Depending on the biomaterial and manufacturing
technology, crown frameworks are veneered with an appropriate set of ceramics with selected thermal
expansion. The veneering layers responsible for tribological cooperation in occlusal contact should properly
adhere to the framework. The aim of the research is to conduct the microscopic and EDS chemical analysis
to evaluate the process of shaping veneering layers on frameworks produced using new digital technologies,
i.e. the technology of milling and laser sintering. The research material consists of specimens produced in
perpendicular cross-sections through the layered structures of metal-ceramic, ceramic-veneered glassceramic,
and zirconium crowns. The microscopic examinations were carried out using the specimens and
included the elemental EDS analysis performed on the surfaces and in certain points. The structures of metal
and ceramic frameworks, ceramic veneering layers, and adhesive zones were determined.
Kommentarer til Håkon Glørstads debattartikkel
Authors: Jørgensen Roger
Published: December 2020

Kommentarer til Håkon Glørstads debattartikkel
Pollenanalyse av jordprøver av svedjer
Authors: Holm Ingunn
Published: December 2020

Rapport
Primjena Abbey skale
za procjenu akutnog perioperativnog bola kod frakture femura u starijih
bolesnika s otežanom komunikacijom
Authors: Jerleković Marica , Lončar Zoran , Mičković Vlatko , Djulabić Luka , Bareta Saša , Domijan Marina
Published: December 2020

Pain resulting from physical trauma and surgical procedures is very strong. In elderly patients, especially those with impaired communication or cognitive damage, it is assessed rarely or not at all. The importance of pain assessment is reflected in quality supervision and adequate treatment which decrease complications and speed up recovery. The aim of the study was to determine the metric characteristics (reliability and validity) of the Abbey Pain Scale on a population of elderly patients with impaired communication in Croatia and to demonstrate the correlation between the assessed acute pain level and analgesia efficacy. The sample consisted of 31 patients above the age of 65 hospitalized after a femur fracture at the Department of Traumatology, Sestre Milosrdnice University hospital, Zagreb, Croatia. The Abbey Pain Scale and Visual Analogue Scale were used for pain assessment. The patients’ mental status was evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination. The data was processed using Chi-squared and Cronbach’s alpha tests, and small dependent samples were tested using T-test. The value of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.561 for the Abbey Pain Scale was considered acceptable. The score on the Abbey Pain Scale correlates significantly with the result of a standardized self-assessment of pain intensity (r = 0.739, p= 0.001). We conclude that the Abbey Pain Scale serves as a convenient tool for assessing pain intensity in patients with impaired communication, and its use is indirectly related to satisfactory analgesia, due to good metric characteristics of validity and reliability.
Age-related Variations in Anthropometry, Body Composition and Nutritional Status among the Adult Kheria Sabar Males of Purulia, West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Kaustav , Bagchi Subrata , Pal Somosree , Ganguli Sayak , Mukherjee Koel
Published: December 2020

Undernutrition and ageing may have a significant effect on body composition. A cross sectional study was conducted to explore the age-related variations among different anthropometric and body composition characteristics amongst the adult Kheria Sabar males of Purulia district of West Bengal. From fifteen villages, 304 apparently healthy adult males aged 18–60 years were selected at random. Subjects were categorized into four age groups and standard anthropometric measurements were used like height (HT), weight (WT), mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and skinfolds of biceps (BSF), triceps (TSF) and sub-scapular (SSSF) region. Derived variables of body mass index (BMI), per cent body fat (PBF), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were also calculated. Majority of the variables were found to be inversely correlated with age. Positive (HT, WT, MUAC, BMI, FFM and FFMI) and negative (FM and FMI) significant differences were observed across different age groups. It was also observed that the frequency of undernutrition (62.6%) was the highest among the elderly people with 47.6% overall prevalence. This study clearly indicates that among the undernourished individuals, older people were more vulnerable to malnutrition and thus immediate nutritional intervention is required.
Prevalence and Health Adverse Effects of Khat Chewing Among College Students in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elbendary Ehab , Smolić Martina , Abdulla Saif , Salem Samia , Hassan Ashraf
Published: December 2020

Khat chewing is a social habit which has stimulatory action due to its cathinone content, but its adverse effects on health are a source of growing concern. The aim of our study is to evaluate the prevalence and health adverse effects of khat chewing among students in Jazan region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The study sample included 195 students from Applied Medical Science College, who were randomly selected and were asked through questionnaire and with a signed consent. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected in plain vacutainer tubes from 38 khat chewers and 20 non khat chewers as normal control. Serum was used to determine alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total and direct bilirubin, total protein, urea, creatinine, uric acid, and albumin. The sample consisted of 134 males and 61 females, with age range 19-27 years, and their mean age was 21.1 year. 40% of students were from urban area, and 81.5% of them from Jazan region. Out of 195 students, only 38 (19.5%) were found to chew khat. Biochemical results revealed highly significant differences among chewers in ALT, ALP, uric acid, and urea (p<0.005) compared to nonchewers group. There is also a significant difference in the total protein level (<0.05), while no significant differences were noticed in other biochemical traits analyzed. We concluded that the prevalence of khat chewing among students is fairly high (19.5 %), and that adverse effects of khat chewing on health are very clear, so all efforts should be contributed to solve this problem by increasing awareness of all members of the society to khat chewing risk.
Correlation Between Social Status and Health in Early Medieval Dalmatia
Authors: Vyroubal Vlasta , Bedić Željka , Adamić Hadžić Anita , Šlaus Mario
Published: December 2020

The early mediaeval period in Croatia is rarely mentioned in historical sources. The development of society during this period was greatly influenced by formation of communities, within which there were many inequalities. The social group one belonged to and its ordinance were the main factors in the material and spiritual life of mediaeval man.
Within Croatia, during the Early Middle Ages the process of social disintegration and the formation of social groups/strata varied from area to area. However, it can be deduced that this process was the quickest and most complete in the most socially-developed area – the Eastern Adriatic coast. The basic hypothesis of this paper is that people who belonged to different social groups also had different living conditions, which was reflected in their health, quality of life and lifespan.
An individual's social status was assessed using the archaeological context, i.e. form of burial. The assumption was made that differences in status were reflected in the manner of the burial. The criteria used to determine social status were grave architecture and quantity and quality of grave finds and goods. In order to assess the health of the individuals anthropological methods were used. These methods included the assessment of age and sex, as well as the analyses of pathologies that leave traces on dry bones. Multivariate statistical methods showed that even though there were social inequalities in the early mediaeval society, the individuals belonging to higher-ranking groups had neither better health, nor lived longer. The results of the analyses carried out in the course of this work show that even though social stratification did exist in the early mediaeval society, biological sex was a much more important factor in life expectancy and quality of life than which social group an individual belonged to.
Influence of Caffeine on Crystallization and Amelioration of Oxidative Stress on in vitro Model of Urolithiasis
Authors: Ninčević Vjera , Smolić Martina , Tucak-Zorić Sandra , Bilić Ćurčić Ines , Banovac Anamarija , Cindrić Anita , Kuna Lucija , Omanović Kolarić Tea , Kizivat Tomislav
Published: December 2020

Urolithiasis is a disease characterized by formation of solid crystals within the urinary tract. Kidney stone formation is still not clear but it is mostly composed of calcium oxalate which can produce free radicals that are toxic to renal tubular cells. Oxidative stress is an important contributory mechanism in cell damage and is associated with a number of disorders. Several studies have shown antioxidative effects of caffeine, proposing its possible role in stopping the formation of calcium oxalate stones in urinary tract. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals (COM) on renal epithelial cell line; Madin-Darby canine kidney cells subtype I (MDCK I) and Epithelial-like pig kidney cell line (LLC-PK1), and to determine possible inhibition of COM that caused oxidative stress by antioxidant treatment with caffeine in different concentrations in a cell culture model of urolithiasis.
Periodicity: Interpreting Waves of Information in Osundare’s Harvestcall
Authors: Dalamu Taofeek Olaiwola
Published: December 2020

The study investigated the waves of information of Osundara’s Harvestcall to show textual movements as layered by the poet. To achieve that objective, the poem of about 76 lines was collapsed into 44 clauses as a tradition that paves a way for systemic analysis of texts in different shapes, sizes and constructs. Halliday’s Theme and Rheme served as analytical tools that processed the text after which the investigation utilized tables and graphs as indicators of waves of information of Harvestcall. The analysis reveals three separate waves of the text, namely: (i) sectional organization – perceives Sections I, II and III are the Theme while Section IV is the Rheme; (ii) clause constructs – demonstrates multiple Themes that flow to rhematic structures; and (iii) time frame exposition – espouses the past farming commitment as Theme and its current neglect as Rheme. In addition, observation shows waves interference. That is, the switching of Theme 2 and Subject Theme in Sections I, II and III for Subject Theme and Theme 2 respectively in Section IV. As linguistic concepts can reveal so much meanings of a literary device, the study suggests their applications across the board of genres of literature.
Content Based Language Instruction practice and its challenges in TVET: the case of Bahir Dar polytechnic college, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Authors: Gessese Negesse Belay
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to assess whether or not students and teachers were having positive attitude towards the practice of content based language instruction and to see the actual practice of it in TVET poly technic colleges. It was particularly meant to investigate students’ attitude towards the usefulness of the course, course contents, assessment and teacher’s competence. Teacher’s attitude towards the course and challenges of it if occurs were investigated. Moreover, the study was targeted to investigating the actual practice of teaching in three areas: students’ participation, teachers’ language skills and teachers’ skill in using instructional materials. The study was conducted in one Polytechnic College of Amhara Region. Generally, from the total number of 2909 trainees in four different levels; second year Level Three and Level Four trainees were purposefully selected. From the selected six departments (639 trainees), 185 were randomly selected. Regarding CBL teachers, no sample selection were needed for their number was small and easily manageable. So, the participant of the study were 6 teachers and 185 students in the college. The data were collected through questionnaire, observation and interview and the results were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The result of the study revealed that students and teachers showed positive attitude towards the usefulness of CBL courses, course contents and course assessment. However, students had negative attitude towards teachers’ competence. And teachers’ actual practice revealed that teachers did not properly apply content based language instruction to bring the desired result. The study also indicated that  there were problems for its implementation due to teachers’ lack of language skills and training. The combined responses of the participants (students and teachers) revealed that the students didn’t get benefit and this impact developed because of teachers’ incompetence to implement content based language instruction. Finally, it was concluded that CBLI was not implemented as it is desired. Therefore, concerned bodies should take various measures to ameliorate the challenges.
A Qualitative Teacher-Student Oriented Approach to Translation Teaching
Authors: Almanna Ali , Lazim Hashim G.
Published: December 2020

This article proposes a move away from the traditional methodologies of teaching translation that focus on text-typologies to an eclectic teacher and student oriented approach that involves a set of interdisciplinary skills with a view to improving students’ translation quality. Here, a combination of the minimalist approach, revision vs. editing and discourse analysis is the proposed alternative in translation teaching. This combination brings together both teacher- and student-centred approaches. As the validity of the approach proposed relies partially on instructors’ competences and skills in teaching translation, universities, particularly in the Arab world, need to invest in recruiting expert practitioners instead of depending mainly on bilingual teachers to teach translation.
Language Attitudes And Gender: Descriptors And Nationalistic Ideologies
Authors: Schweiter John W
Published: December 2020

The present study explores language attitudes among 23 English language learners of Spanish enrolled in elementary Spanish. The data elicited from these participants were analyzed to see whether females used more positive adjectives to describe the Spanish language than their male counterparts (as shown in previous studies). The data were also analyzed to see whether the participants’ adjectives and comments supported evidence of nationalistic language ideology. The results mirrored those of past studies: females were more likely to describe Spanish with positive adjectives. Additionally, there was a great amount of nationalistic language ideology and ethnocentrism among the participants who felt negatively toward Spanish. The researcher argues that this may have contributed towards negative language ideologies reported by the participants.
An Investigation of Attitudes and Motivation of College Efl Students in a Japanese University
Authors: Fewell Norman
Published: December 2020

The issue of student attitudes and motivation is considered a topic of substantial importance by scholars; particularly those involved in research concerning L2 acquisition. The study of attitudes and motivation has been a topic originating from psychology and more recently educational psychology. Its application in L2 learning is most significantly accredited to the early works of Gardener and Lambert (1959), but it has always been a topic of interest for L2 educators. Attitudes and motivation have been extremely influential factors that can have either positive or even negative effects for L2 learners. A great deal of research has attempted to identify influential sources but there has not been any one key factor that has cultivated motivation or attitudes but rather numerous external and internal variables. There is no identifiable universal formula to explain the effects of these variables but rather varying combinations of sources influencing attitudes and motivation to different degrees, depending on the surroundings and the group or individual in question. This topic is extremely complex and many unidentifiable or inconclusive findings continue to persist in current research. The causes of attitudes and motivation, the significance, and the influence exerted in the L2 learning environment shall be examined. In this paper, I shall identify and discuss a selection of research that has produced relevant findings, investigate a small sample of my own L2 learners, and attempt to relate current literature in providing an explanation of the findings. It should also be noted that the definitions of attitudes and motivation are nearly indistinguishable and much earlier research had identified both factors as identical in some cases as noted by Ellis (1985). It is hoped that this paper shall provide valuable information and insight that will assist and encourage educators of the importance of student attitudes and motivation and the underlying aspects that accompany it when applied to a L2 setting.
WHAT THE IMAGE WANTS: FROM THE PICTORIAL TO THE SOCIOCULTURAL REPRESENTATION
Authors: Ferreira Dina Maria Martins
Published: December 2020

Through the multifarious conceptual net, the first preoccupation is to limit the image senses that will be adopted, that is, the picture, the visual, pictorial, symbolic and those related to this semantic field. The meaning ax does not separate the abstract-mental image from the concrete-external image, since we cannot remove the mental perception from the external figures that surround our social corridors. There is nothing better than the Saussurean sign to explain this relation: a new external sonorous element (concrete) can cause a mental stimulus (abstract), which leads us to an idea. It is from the external figurative that I intend to cross the symbolic to reach the representation image-representation of the exterior world made up of the symbolic, fed by the cartoon, which, true to its own nature, criticizes and denounces political-social situations.
Morphology and its Interfaces
Authors: Davis Graeme
Published: December 2020

Morphology and it Interfaces is a composite volume presenting eleven chapters and at least as many distinct voices from eighteen contributors. As such, a degree of divergence in topic, theoretical standpoint and tone has to be accepted. The volume does not seek to resolve these differences beyond utilisation of a basic thematic division around the major types of morphological interfaces. There is some limited cross-reference within some chapters to the topics of others which promotes a sense of unity, while the provision of a volume index helps navigate what could otherwise be unduly isolated chapters. The editors’ introduction provides a useful abstract of each chapter, along with an indication of the principles of internal coherence. In this the editors have done as much as is reasonable in a volume of this nature, presenting as a single book a collection of papers differing in the language from which their data is drawn, the morphological interface examined, and the methological approach to morphology adopted by their authors.
ACQUISITION OF THE INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: AN ERROR ANALYSIS APPROACH
Authors: Al-Saidat Emad M
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to identify errors committed by Arab learners of English as a foreign language in the area of inflectional morphology. Errors are classified according to their type in comparison with what seems to be correct in the target language. In order to pinpoint the areas of difficulty and find what makes these areas difficult, the researcher classified errors with reference to their sources into intralingual, interlingual, ambiguous and other errors. The paper also aims at finding possible solutions for the difficulties learners encounter when learning a foreign language in general and English language in particular in a way that would help teachers overcome such difficulties when teaching English to Arab students. It concludes that learners’ mother tongue plays a minor role as the interlingual errors constitute less than 25% of the total number of learner errors; whereas, other factors such as overgeneralization and learning strategies play a major role in learning a foreign language as far as this sample is concerned.
The CV Treatment of Consonantal Gemintes in Arabic: A Non-Linear Approach
Authors: Ibrahim Majid Abdulatif
Published: December 2020

Several general characteristics of consonantal geminates in phonological theory have been investigating for some years. Scholars have attempted to account for these special properties and to see some of the ways as to how geminate behaves phonologically. The present study is a humble attempt to throw some light on how the CV model of phonology tackles certain aspects of consonantal geminates in Arabic. It concentrates on essential points as to whether geminate consonants are treated as one long segment or as two short independent exponents that are found at syllable junctions.
Age-related differences in language use within the mathematical register
Authors: Case Rod E , Cobin Pete , Williams Gwedolyn
Published: December 2020

The struggles that learners face as they attempt to produce mathematical explanations have been widely documented from researchers working in the systemic functional linguistics tradition. The approach has been to isolate specific grammatical patterns which differ across the natural and mathematical register and then argue that these represent a source of trouble for learners. This manuscript explores the extent to which age accounts for differences in the production of explanations within the mathematical register, but does so from a cognitive linguistic tradition.Data was collected over three weeks from 50 students, 30 boys and 20 girls in five different classrooms. A Chi-Square test of independence demonstrated age-related differences in the use of six different grammatical patterns within the mathematical register. The larger argument is made that producing explanations within the mathematical register relies more on the strategic use of multiple grammatical patterns and semantic forms than the mastery of a single grammatical pattern.
THE FIRST 40Ar/39Ar GEOCHRONOLOGICAL DATA FOR ORE METASOMATITES OF THE UNGLICHIKAN GOLD DEPOSIT, EASTERN PART OF THE MONGOL-OKHOTSK FOLD BELT
Authors: Kadashnikova A. Yu. , Sorokin A. A. , Ponomarchuk A. V. , Travin A. V. , Ponomarchuk V. A.
Published: December 2020

In our isotope-geochronological study, the age of ore metasomatites of the Unglichikan gold deposit is determined at 140–136 Ma. Magmatism of this age is absent in the study area, and it is thus unreasonable to relate the ore mineralization in the Unglichikan deposit to any magmatic process. We conclude that in the mobilization and redistribution of the ore material and the formation of the Unglichikan deposit, a significant role was played by dislocation processes accompanied by hydrothermal activity during the final stages of orogenesis in the Mongol-Okhotsk belt.
FAULT SYSTEMS IN THE UPPER CRUST OF THE FENNOSCANDIAN SHIELD, THE EAST EUROPEAN PLATFORM
Authors: Burtman V. S. , Kolodyazhny S. Yu.
Published: December 2020

Directions of 683 faults located in the southeastern part of the Fennoscandian (Baltic) shield were statistically analyzed, and three orthogonal associations of fault systems were identified in the study area. According to the dynamic analysis of the fault systems and their associations, the main NW-striking faults belong to the fault network originating mainly from the early Paleoproterozoic. These faults functioned in the Paleoproterozoic during four main deformation stages: D1 – sinistral shear transtension and asymmetric rift genesis (2.1–1.9 Ga); D2 – sinistral shear transpression under oblique accretion and convergence (1.9 Ga); D3 – sinistral shear transpression under oblique collision (1.89–1.80 Ga); D4 – dextral strike-slip displacements at the background of complex escape tectonics of the late collision stage (1.80–1.78 Ga). The regional stress field changed as follows: D1 – northeast- or east-trending extension; D2 – northeast compression; D3 – sub-latitudinal compression; D4 – sub-meridian compression. Changes in dynamic loading conditions led to multiple kinematic inversions of the fault networks. Widespread transtension and transpression settings in the southeastern parts of the Baltic Shield give evidence of asymmetric rifting, oblique accretion and collision in the Paleoproterozoic, which must be taken in to account in geodynamic reconstructions.
GEOELECTRICAL SECTION OF THE BARGUZIN BAY OF LAKE BAIKAL ACCORDING TO GEORADAR AND RADIO IMPEDANCE SOUNDING DATA
Authors: Bashkuev Yu. B. , Khaptanov V. B. , Dembelov M. G.
Published: December 2020

Electrical resistivity (electrical conductivity) of water and bottom soil of the Barguzin Bay was studied by radio impedance soundings in VLF/LF bands, and the measurements were analysed. The georadar sounding method was used to investigate dielectric permittivity of freshwater ice (dielectric constant is ε=3.4). We developed the technique of radio impedance sounding from the ice surface of Lake Baikal for measuring the electrical resistance of bottom soil in the water area, and applied this technique to a layered model of a medium with a base showing poor/good conductivity. Geoelectric models were constructed for the Barguzin Bay coast and the southern Lake Baikal. The geoelectrical section (GES) of the water area can be useful for earthquake forecasting from electromagnetic data, as well as for analysing the physical and chemical causes of the occurrence of ring structures on the ice surface of Lake Baikal.
Introducing an Activity-Based Balance Index for Soccer Players: A Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Reisi Jalil , Lenjannejadian Shahram , Clemente Filipe , Clark Cain Craig Truman
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of introducing a new activity-based balance index using a triaxial accelerometer during activity. Methods: Twenty seven soccer players (age: 14.5 ± 0.4 years old, body mass: 58.3 ± 9.3 kg, height: 172 ± 8 cm) who participated in the national premier league were recruited. The participants were tested for their balance, activity, and skill in four tests: (I) one leg stance; (II) dynamic Y balance; (III) running; and (IV) dribbling slalom. The acceleration of the body was recorded using an accelerometer during those tests. By processing acceleration data, a new activity-based balance index (ABI) was calculated based on the velocity, acceleration, and position index of soccer players. Using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), reliability was calculated. Results: Reliability was high (ICC = 0.87 - 0.89; 95% CI = 0.77 - 0.93) in calculating ABI for the three activities performed in the tests. A significant positive correlation between ABI and both static and dynamic balance scores (r = 0.62, P = 0.002) was observed. Furthermore, negative correlation was found significantly between ABI and dribbling scores (r = -0.61, P = 0.026) and Y Balance test (r = 0.6, P = 0.002). Conclusions: In conclusion, the introduced ABI demonstrates great potential to determine balance and skill scores based on accelerometer-based measures.
Factors Influencing the Number of Relapse in Patients with Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Davarinejad Omran , Mohammadi Majd Tahereh , Golmohammadi Farzaneh , Mohamadi Payam , Radmehr Farnaz , Nazari Somayeh , Moradinazar Mehdi
Published: December 2020

Background: Type I bipolar disorder is a chronic mental illness with a recurrent nature. Objectives: This study was done to identify risk factors for relapse in patients with type I bipolar disorder using Poisson regression. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from 331 bipolar type I patients admitted to the largest and the only psychiatric hospital in West of Iran, Kermanshah. Poisson regression was used to identify risk factors for the relapse numbers in STATA software. Results: One hundred sixty six of 331 patients (50.2%) were men. Mean and standard deviation of relapse rates in males and females were 2.93 ± 0.16 and 2.93 ± 0.15, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the results showed that with increasing age of disease onset (RR = 0.98, 95% CI :(0.97 -0.99)) and adherence to medication (RR = 0.86, 95% CI :(0.75-0.98)), the relapse rate ratio decreased, and being divorced or widowed (RR = 1.20,95% CI :( 1.01-1.45)), cigarette smoking (RR = 1.28, 95% CI: (1.52-1.09)), and birth season of winter (RR = 1.18, 95% CI: (1.00-1.41)) increased the rate ratio of relapse. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the frequency of relapse was lower in bipolar patients younger at the time of disease onset, cigarette smokers, divorced or widowed patients, and patients with no treatment adherent. It is necessary to prevent or reduce the likelihood of relapse, especially in patients who do not have therapeutic adherence through educational and therapeutic measurements.