bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psycho-Motor Education of the Pre-School Children - A Possibility for Qualitative Training
Authors: Shingjergji Ardian
Published: May 2015

The present-day vigorous development of the scientific thought preconditions a directed and time-bound intervention into different fields of education for new generations as an immediate problem, beginning from the pre-school age, which the stage when the organized education starts. In these terms, the aim of this writing is to bring some qualitative training alternatives into the readers' attention, based on the theoretical-didactic references in the field of the pre-school children's psychomotor education. Also, by shedding light on the features and the elusiveness the children of this age bear, regarding motoric abilities, education and evolvement - seen as integrated with other fields of cognition, we are trying to bring forth some instances or models from the curricula and teaching sessions, urged by the desire to contribute to the preparation of the pre-school education teachers and students methodic activities in the domain of psychomotor education.
Quality Assurance in Broadcast Style and Content in Nigeria
Authors: Aleshi Rowland U.
Published: May 2015

People's voices are critical instruments in the development and sustenance of any society. In this era of democracy there is need for quality assurance in broadcast style and content in order to communicate government policies to the people as well as elicit and encourage Nigerians to ensure sustainability on issues such as nation building. To maintain standards in broadcast content and presentation, the language and accent of broadcast programming should reflect and interpret the people's interests, and make important contributions to the development of the cultural heritage and economy of the society. Quality assurance in broadcast style and content should fulfill social and cultural needs of the people through decent programme offerings that have good taste for public interest. The writer recommends that broadcast producers should uphold editorial values and maintain technical and artistic standards to promote and preserve quality assurance in broadcast style and content in Nigeria.
Relationship between Demographic Factors and the Performance of Teacher Education
Authors: Sa’adatu Sanusi L.
Published: May 2015

The study investigates the relationship between demographic factors on the performance of teacher educators in the FCT. Samples were drawn from teacher educators in the FCT, and a population of 111 staff were used. Data collected were statistically analyzed using single percentages and T-test. Result of the study revealed that over all mean rating on performance of teacher educator toward theirs job is low as indicated by the total grand score of 2.906. Significant differences shows an increase in performance on the basis of age group (46-55 years). Working experience (6 years and above) and educational qualification, indicates that staff with Masters/Phd are more active in carrying out their jobs with a mean of 3.039. It was recommended among others that the government should make efforts to listen to teachers need for training as well as adequate provision for physical infrastructures that will facilitate motivation thereby increasing performance.
Introduction to the Academic Perspectives of CSR Measurement
Authors: Martínez Patricia , del Bosque Ignacio Rodríguez
Published: May 2015

There is much interest and a growing number of studies on the measurement of what is known as corporate social responsibility (CSR). This growing attention is mainly due to the inexistence of unanimity with reference to its measurement due to the large amount of research on this topic. This lack of consensus requires an exhaustive study of the different methods for measuring this notion, so as to clarify and identify the main limitations of each of them, in order to advance knowledge on the current state of CSR.
Ownership and Capital
Authors: Tittenbrun Jacek
Published: May 2015

The paper sets out to explore the relationship between two key economic concepts. To begin with, the notion of economic ownership is examined, leading to a distinction of two basic approaches. A case is made for a rent-based perspective on ownership and against its treatment as control. It is from this vantage point that in the second part of the paper a number of classic theories of capital are analysed, as based on Frank Fetter's review article.
The Relationship between Systematic Risk and Stock Returns in Tehran Stock Exchange Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
Authors: Mehrara Mohsen , Falahati Zabihallah , Zahiri Nazi Heydari
Published: May 2015

One of the most important issues in the capital market is awareness of the level Risk of Companies, especially “systemic risk (unavoidable risk)” that could affect stock returns, and can play a significant role in decision-making. The present study examines the relationship between stock returns and systematic risk based on capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample search includes panel data for 50 top companies of Tehran Stock Exchange over a five year period from 1387 to 1392. The results show that the relationship between systematic risk and stock returns are statistically significant. Moreover, the nonlinear (quadratic) function outperforms the linear one explaining the relationship between systematic risk and stock returns. It means that the assumption of linearity between systematic risk and stock returns is rejected in the Tehran Stock Exchange. So we can say that the capital asset pricing model in the sample is rejected and doesn’t exist linear relationship between systematic risk and stock returns in the sample.
The Effect of Audit Quality on the Performance of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Authors: Ziaee Morteza
Published: May 2015

Audit opinion shopping has been studied extensively in accounting research. A firm engages in opinion shopping by influencing or even manipulating its auditor‟s decision in certain ways to obtain an opinion that is more favorable that that warranted by the quality of its accounting information. If such behavior exists, then it would lead to a higher degree of information asymmetry between managers and investors and weaken auditing‟s protective effect on investors. Many researches have been done to improve the understanding of audit quality to a better understanding This concept can be achieved and the relationship between audit quality and other parameters to be determined. One of Many variables that its relationship with audit quality research, examined. The size of the audit firm. Methods of the research in this field Angelou January 1981 to practice. He stated his Yhay concluded between audit quality and auditor size. There is a positive relationship. This study sought to examine the relationship between audit quality and financial performance of companies in Iran. For this population the financial manager is accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange and 2008 to 2012 have been selected. Distribute and collect the questionnaires they reached the conclusion that audit quality could affect the financial performance of companies.
Dissemination of the Archetypal Field of Don Quixote in Camil Petrescu’s Work
Authors: Arhip Odette , Arhip Cristian
Published: May 2015

The study explores the incidence of Don Quixote-archetypal behavior upon the characters of the novels written by the great Romanian inter-war writer Camil Petrescu. The research is conceptually driven type. Recognizable elements of a concept are searched and identified in the fictional pulp and a volatile field is conceptually electrified. The starting premise is that all myths and traditional stories of the world literature embrace widespread and perpetual topics; they break through in all major artistic works. Basically, some of the defining characteristics of Don Quixote are identified in the conduct of Camil Petrescu’s epic heroes: the ideal led to the end; illusory quest for truth, beauty and goodness; self-query; courage despite the unavoidable risk; delight in being defeated, etc. These similarities are supported by examples and arguments.
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Financial Performance of Banks in Pakistan
Authors: Shoukat Malik M. , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Financial Performance of banks in the service sector of Pakistan. The data is obtained from the annual reports issued by the banks during 2008-2012. To verify the relationship between EPS, ROA, ROE, Net Profit and CSR regression models are used. The results show that there is lack of CSR in Pakistan and the regression model shows that there is positive relationship between profitability (EPS, ROA, ROE, and Net Profit) and CSR practices. The Financial institutions which implements CSR in their operations earn more profit for the long term periods.
Under Mountain Oltenia in the Tourism Globalization Context
Authors: Vintilescu Cerasela
Published: May 2015

The study starts from hypothesis that the tourism is an economic sector with endless resources, its globalization assuming valorizing and optimal use of these resources. It argues that in the context of the globalization of tourism, Sub-carpathian Oltenia offers great touristic potential varied as structure, consisting of natural and anthropogenic factors recognized scientifically, quantitatively and qualitatively and proven by practice. The region offers complex tourism resources whose valorization, amid technical and tourist facilities, in the context of protecting the quality of the geographical environment, can cause a tourism activity that would allow enrollment in the top of the tourist circuit. The globalization of tourism would contribute to economic growth of the area, to improve the living conditions and the attenuation of imbalances concerning development.
Implication of Freedom and Change in Nigeria’s Women Education Programme: Is Autonomy Necessary?
Authors: Momodu Benedicta Ehi
Published: May 2015

The clamour for equal treatment and opportunity has made women desirous in their struggle to break the shackles of cultural imperative, which they believe have enslaved them. Social indicators reveal that women deserve equal opportunity with their male counterparts. The trend of women education and the current of socialization among social crusaders, gender practitioners and women showed freedom as both a cherished goal and threat to the girl-child. Can freedom therefore be something essential in women education and socialization? Put differently, can the nourishing of the tendency towards autonomous activities in a “proper” social environment not bring about the inherent freedom and the noblest image of the girl-child? In an attempt to provide answers to this questions and other issues, the a priori-deductive method of analysis was employed in examining autonomy, human aspect of freedom, women education, and socialization. It was emphasized that to enjoy freedom without some degree of autonomy is gross abuse of freedom. The inherent freedom is realizable only if women education is refocused towards encouraging independence, self-knowledge, and rational choice.
Women Combatants in West Africa, Recruitments and Dimensions: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Adeyemi-Suenu Adebowale
Published: May 2015

Internecine wars in West Africa just like in other regions of Africa created unresolved problem which often throw up rebel groups and ethnic militias agitating for one form of demands or outright rejection of the existing social order. This situation often warranted illegal recruitments of child-soldiers, girl-soldiers, women combatants, and so on. This paper takes a theoretical look at the issues, problems, purposes, and dimensions of women combatants in West Africa. It therefore concludes that several condition create opportunities for the recruitments of women as combatants.
Use of Elements of Semiotic Language in Tourism Marketing
Authors: Kolcun Michal , Kot Sebastian , Grabara Iwona
Published: May 2015

Tourism marketing has developed a semiotic tourism language to promote and introduce touristic destinations, a language that is sometimes even called touristic language, and which uses signs and images to define destinations or describe the expectations that we may have in various touristic locations. The correct use of the signs and the markers by the tourism industry may represent the difference between a dreamlike holiday and a touristic nightmare, when there’s no account of regional characteristics, social or cultural, of the chosen target segment.
The Benefits of Reverse Logistics
Authors: Grabara Janusz , Man Mariana , Kolcun Michal
Published: May 2015

In conventional systems of prospect logistics, the flow starts from the raw material provided by suppliers, then manufactured parts and components for assembly of the end product which goes to consumers, and, when fully used can be recycled. The reverse logistics disposed of products eligible for repair, alteration, distribution of the parts, that can be reused as a raw material to be recycled for future use. It also generates the side products (hazardous waste, packaging, etc.). Reverse logistics provides companies with revenues and strategic benefits. Companies whose products are subject to regeneration can save up to 60 % of the estimated cost of a completely new product.
In Defense of the Internalists’ Conception of Africa’s Under-Development
Authors: Shitta-Bey Olanrewaju Abdul
Published: May 2015

Many people have contributed to the debate on the causes of, and solutions to, Africa‟s underdevelopment. The various contributors to the debate have been so divided into intellectual camps of the externalists and the internalists. The externalists‟ camp comprises of those that argue for Africa‟s underdevelopment by tracing the causes and solutions to external factors; on the other hand, the internalists camp is the umbrella body of those that link Africa‟s problem to internal factors. In this paper, we argue that the problem of Africa‟s underdevelopment is traceable more to the internal factors, than the external factors. Consequently, this work seeks to exhume evidences from the pre-colonial and contemporary Africa to support and illustrate our claim.
Impact of Work Life Balance and Stress Management on Job Satisfaction among the Working Women in Public Sector Banks
Authors: Yadav Rajesh K. , Yadav Shriti Singh
Published: May 2015

In today’s competitive environment, work life balance and stress management for women employees is highly desirable and if there is no job satisfaction and regularity in life, it can create a problem for working women. Stress of work life balance is seen in every corner of the world which occurs to everyone. It becomes critical when there is no job satisfaction. Work life balance requires, getting stability between professional work and personal work, so that it reduces friction between official and domestic life. The final performance of any organization depends on the performance of its employees, which in turn depends on several factors. These factors can be related to job satisfaction. An empirical study is conducted among the working women of public sector banks with the purpose of assessing impact of work life balance and stress management on job satisfaction. Secondary data is used to understand and conclude the study. Observation during the study suggests that WLB and Stress management can be achieved by the factors responsible for job satisfaction such as: encouraging social groups, accommodating working conditions, mentally challenging work, impartial rewards and employee oriented policies etc. To conclude the study, it is suggested that Work-Life Balance and stress management is not a problem to be solved, it is a constant issue to be managed.
Ranking the Knowledge Management Enablers Based on University Academic Members, Staff and Students Using AHP Method
Authors: Jandaghi Gholamreza , Irani Hamid Reza , Jandaghi Ehssan , Mousavi Zeinab Sadat , Davoodavabi Maryam
Published: May 2015

Knowledge management can play a vital role in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations. The earnings from utilizing knowledge management has caused that most organizations try to execute this process. In this study, we aim to assess the ranking and weights of knowledge management enablers based on the academic members, staff and student in management schools of Qom province in Iran. The results showed that the organizational culture has the most important position while the organizational structure has the least important position in knowledge management in universities. Using a group AHP weighting method resulted in highest weight for organizational culture and lowest weight for organizational culture in developing knowledge management in educational organizations.
Leadership Styles and Employee Satisfaction: A Correlation Study
Authors: Afshinpour Saeid
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this quantitative correlation study was to determine the extent to which leadership style preferences correlate with employee satisfaction with supervision among employees and leaders of some companies. This study measured preferences for each of five common leadership styles and examined correlations with measures of employee satisfaction. The styles studied were transactional leadership, transformational leadership, autocratic leadership, charismatic leadership, and situational leadership. Results indicated that each of the five leadership styles has a positive correlation with employee satisfaction, suggesting that the situational leadership style may be the most appropriate style for leaders in some companies.
Yeats’ “Leda and the Swan”: A Myth of Violence
Authors: Babaee Ruzbeh , Wan Yahya Wan Roselezam
Published: May 2015

W. B. Yeats‟ "Leda and the Swan", first published in the Dial in 1924, is an example of Irish poetry drawing on Classical Greek and Latin texts to create a commentary on the political atmosphere in Ireland. The poem is based on the story of Leda, who was raped by Zeus in the form of a swan and later gave birth to Helen of Troy. In Yeats‟s poem, Leda represents Ireland, forcefully violated by a foreign power — Great Britain. The present study reviews mythological as well as political aspects of Yeats‟ “Leda and the Swan” and investigates the act of violence in the poem.
Modernity, Communicative Action and Reconstruction of Rationality
Authors: Powell Jason L.
Published: May 2015

Associated with the Frankfurt School, Jurgen Habermas's work focuses on the modern foundations of social theory and epistemology, the analysis of advanced capitalistic societies and democracy, the rule of law in a critical social-evolutionary context, and contemporary politics, particularly German politics. Habermas's theoretical system is devoted to revealing the possibility of reason, emancipation, and rational-critical communication latent in modern institutions and in the human capacity to deliberate and pursue rational interests. Habermas is known for his work on the concept of modernity, particularly with respect to the discussions of rationalization originally set forth by Max Weber. He has been influenced by American pragmatism and action theory. This paper sets out to explore the problems and possibilities of communicative action and the reconstruction of rationality which Habermas claims was lost in postmodern genre.
The Revived Self through Nature in Atwood’s Surfacing
Authors: Endurance Anegbe , Babaee Ruzbeh , Majeed Abdulhameed A.
Published: May 2015

This paper attempts to look at Margret Atwood‟s Surfacing (1972) which happens to be one of her widely read works via one of the concept of sense of place. In Surfacing, the narration was divided into three parts: firstly, the home coming that is returning back to the place she was born in; secondly, the camping on the island in the cabin and searching for her missing father; and finally, the self- rediscovery via her stay on the Island. The underlying issue, therefore, focuses on the unnamed narrator‟s life transformation on the Island which gives her the privilege to see things from a different perspective. This vividly revealed the protagonist identification with life on the island, putting on a new identity and refusing to be a victim. This was made possible via her absorption to the island which helps to speed-up her revived self.
The Need for Effective Leadership in Talent Management in Mauritius
Authors: Betchoo Nirmal Kumar
Published: May 2015

The importance of linking leadership to talent management is a priority for the Mauritian economy at a time when the economy shifts from the industrial and labour-intensive sector to a services and knowledge-based economy. There is a necessity to link leadership to talent management where local managers are in need of improving their leadership abilities and develop the talent that their organisations may in turn depend upon. It is not merely learning or getting trained in leadership that matters but, more importantly, the need to generate talent from effective leadership strategies. This research article firstly explains the importance of leadership linked with talent. The text then focuses on innovative practices that selected Mauritian companies have undertaken and where talent leadership matters. From this standpoint, the researcher selects effective leadership strategies that might be much needed based from practices that are successful abroad and have positively impacted on the international context. The research emphasises new coaching methodologies linked with the development of leadership talent. Techniques like „coaching outside in coaching inside out‟, „onboarding‟, „pivotal leadership‟, „reinforcement coaching‟, are just new approaches that differ from traditional orientation and that are also much relevant in developing leadership talent in the current and future economic conjecture of Mauritius. They have to be adapted to the Mauritian context. Though the research is not exhaustive and is more focused on qualitative than quantitative interpretation, it sheds light onto the fast-developing concept of talent management in business organisations and the need to link leadership in a more conclusive manner.
Informational Stocks and e-Logistic Management of a Tourism Company
Authors: Dima Ioan Constantin , Ţenescu Alina , Bosun Petre
Published: May 2015

The huge development of the Internet, increasing number users, low cost Internet access access and cutting access and cutting access and cuttingaccess and cuttingaccess and cutting -edge connection technology equipment are forcing companies to adapt rapidly to e-commerce, and thus change the classic logistics process, including changes for logistics functions. Moreover, tourism companies feel this dynamic market and its flexibility, primarily due to the supply chain actors of touristic products – the tourism – who adapted themselves quickly to the new technological offers and already mastered web interfaces specialized in selecting anddelivering travel packages. Moreover, their feedback is often instantly. Barely arrived at the destination they point out their opinions, send picture in social networks, based on their own logistic type have developed themselves. It is clear that courism companies have to adapt tp e-logistic, since the operate beyond tourism products themselves, primarily with information products. A tour operator can develop destinations that can be managed in a stock that can be called informational stock. With this virtual copmonent touristic product can be changed quickly depending on the feedback that classic tour packages stock is required b their spesial cost management and their ability to change and adept faster to the market. E-logistics required to adapt the supply chain process to the informational chain that leaves the point of origing and reach the end point ato meet such customers requirements in this new medium of the Internet where the space or time notions have a new understanding and lose their normal dimension.
Socio-Environmental Survey of Two Ecologically Important Hamlets of North Bengal, India
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayan , Shome Arkajyoti , Sarkar Subrato , Purkait Debayan , Ghosh Uday Chand
Published: May 2015

Lava is a small hamlet situated 34 km. east of the Kalimpong subdivision in Darjeeling district of the state of West Bengal, India. Rishyap/Rishop, which nestles amidst the hidden hills of Neora Valley is around 9 km. from Lava. The forest of Neora Valley is very close to Lava and is an excellent place of Indian biodiversity, which spreads over an area of 88 km2. The main objective of the present research work was to construct the social, environmental, cultural and economic framework of the Lava and Rishop area and to highlight the proposals for sustainable management policies of those ecologically sensitive zones. The study was done in April, 2014 by visiting Lava, Rishop and Neora Valley and the information was gathered through field survey and direct contact with common people and authorized centers of the regions. Surveys on the agriculture, horticulture, livestock, water management, education, culture, health, waste management, transport and biodiversity were done in these areas. Lava, Rishop and the Neora valley areas have become the prominent tourist spots of West Bengal for pleasure trips, biological and geographical excursions and medical research works. In spite of getting so much attention in the recent time, the areas are not adequately developed. There is an urgent need for implementing sustainable management systems in the areas for the betterment of the socio-environmental structures. Some of the possible management strategies have been suggested for maintaining the social, environmental, economic and ecological balance of the region.
A Study on the International Theme, as a Prominent Subject in the Works of Henry James
Authors: Moghadam Davood Mohammadi , Wan Yahya Wan Roselezam
Published: May 2015

Among the subjects and themes which are found in the works of 19th American great novelist Henry James, the international theme of America versus Europe is the most recurrent one. Actually Henry James is well-known based on his international novels through which he uses his own experiences as an American in Europe and wrote about the adventures of Americans abroad, mostly in Europe. Actually through his international theme he deals with America and Europe, he practiced this matter so well in his works that he is in some degree known as the master of international novel. James through his international novels or better to say through his international theme of America versus Europe wanted to show the contrasts between America and Europe and between their societies, cultures, ideals, conventions and characters. Indeed Henry James is the most merited novelist to write about these contrasts and conflicts because he had the experience of living both in America and in Europe for a long time, so he was completely familiar with the societies, cultures, conventions, ideals, and the characters of both America and Europe. This research is going to first discuss international theme in its general meaning and then the international theme of Henry James and the reasons which caused James to practice the international theme through his works.
The Effective Points of View of Hunedoara Energetic Complex
Authors: Radu Sorin Mihai , Iliaş Nicolae , Mija Eduard
Published: May 2015

The future of coal mining in Jiu Valley is acutely conditioned by a multitude of factors, arising from the interference of force lines of different decision centres, the effects of which – often cumulative or even antagonistic – may lead to irreparable consequences. The failure to take into account the totality of all the economic, social-geographic, technogenic and anthropogenic aspects have not allowed until now the outline of realistic and viable scenarios which may cut the Gordian knot of the multilevel challenge which this socio-industrial complex faces, scenarios which shall be the basis of a coherent and consequent strategy, challenges which unsolved may produce irreversible and dramatic effects for the future of the area as well as that of the national economy. The paper intend to offer – at least as a methodological approach – an assessment based on the scenarios of benefits and losses which the national economy may record by ignoring or not taking into a fair account of the proportion of the role of this industrial complex for Romania’s energetic future.
Marginalization of Young People in Society
Authors: Duchak Oksana
Published: May 2015

Modern society has a lot of issues which require immediate interference from the side of state policy and government. Special place among these problems takes the process of marginalization of young people which is caused by deformation of state and public institutions, destruction of social, cultural, ideological and political bases of life, loss of value orientations. Stereotypical presumptions about people, coupled with prejudiced views concerning specific religions and their followers, are dangerous with respect to the influence that these stereotypes can have on progress towards social integration and community cohesion. Research conducted on youth show that experiences of poverty, homelessness, racism, unemployment, abuse, addiction, gender preference and so on generally determine marginalization but not necessarily. The notion of social exclusion and social marginalization are enlighten in the paper and propositions for development of effective policy strategies to prevent marginalization are presented. This article deals with analyzing the determinants of social exclusion, ideology of marginalization, educational marginalization.
Effect of Smart Classroom Learning Environment on Academic Achievement of Rural High Achievers and Low Achievers in Science
Authors: Jena Prakash Chandra
Published: May 2015

The present study is an experimental one and conducted in Jalandhar district of Punjab. The investigators has taken 60 secondary school students from Royal Convent School by using simple random sampling technique. For conducting experiment the investigator has used two group randomized pre-test and post-test design. For collection of data the investigator has used an achievement constructed and standardized by the investigator and t-test has also used for analysis and interpretation data. The result of the study reveals that smart class learning environment is better to teach both low achievers and high achievers than traditional class.
Strategic Interactions in Goffman’s Captivation
Authors: Borowski Andrzej
Published: May 2015

E. Goffman character analyzes into mutual conditionality of concept of physical and social borders abilities of persons for acquisition, disclosure and concealment of information scare. Analysis of strategic interaction relies in Goffman’s book on explication capability expedient utilization or duping of partner. Strategic captivation of interaction is game about zero amount, where increment is loss second actor. Our safety is not natural something in structure of social world, but it dates from socially array rule behavior We lived as spies in our daily life if, social world would seem as enclosing scare, where in each moment and it is possible to meet potential cause for fear place.
Forest and Biodiversity Conservation in Ancient Indian Culture: A Review Based on Old Texts and Archaeological Evidences
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayan
Published: May 2015

In the early periods of human history, environment strongly determined the lives and activities of the people. They were very much close to forest and natural resources as we find in historical documents. Ancient Indian texts like Arthasastra, Sathapatha Bhramanas, Vedas, Manusmrti, Brhat-Samhita, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Rajtarangini reflected the concepts of forest ecology and conservation in a sustainable manner. In the Indus valley civilization, several characteristics of the city planning and social structure showed environmental awareness. The presence of leaves, wild animals like peacocks and one-horned deer, tigers, elephants, bulls in the seals and the mud pots can indicate the pattern of biodiversity in those areas. Reduction of forests in that area was due to use of huge amount of timber-wood for burning bricks. So rainfall reduced and soil erosion caused deposition of silt in the Indus River which had choked off Mohenjodaro from the sea, causing a rise in the water table that must have been a prime factor in the destruction of Mohenjodaro. The sacred groves (Tapovana) of India were rich in biodiversity and ecological wealth, which was also mentioned in many ancient Indian documents like Abhigyan Shakuntalam written by Kalidasa. They are small packets of forests dedicated to local deities. In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna compares the world to a single banyan tree with unlimited branches in which all the species of animals, humans and demigods wander, which reflects the concept of community ecology. The trees like Banyan and Peepal were often referred in historical background (widely protected in Asia and Africa) are keystone resources. In modern age, there are many policies developing in many countries for forest and biodiversity conservation, but they are all directly or indirectly influenced by the traditional knowledge developed in the ancient India.
Role of Social Skills in Improving the Women's Marital Adjustment in the City of Sanandaj
Authors: Nasri Ladan , Babaee Hasan
Published: May 2015

This research was done with the aim of studying the role of social skills in improving the women's marital adjustment and its specialized objectives are addressing the role and effect of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional skills, women's age, acquaintance with the husband before marriage, work place of the husband, woman's educational level , their employment, and number of their children on their marital adjustment (dependent variable). The theoretical framework of this study consists of theories of Nay's social exchange, Coffman's dramatic theory, the models of Elizabeth Bath's roles, Godden’s pure relationship, Coleman's social-cognitive capital, Framo's internal conflict solution, Negee's ethical criteria, Guttmann's elimination of conflicts, Buchner's self –disclosure, Ellis's illogical and inflexible thoughts, Mitchell's family life cycle, and Bourdieu's cultural capital. The survey method research was employed in this study and the statistical universe consisted of women aged 20-55 and the sample size of 365 people were selected through the multi stage cluster and random sampling. Research instrument was questionnaires, asking questions related to social skills through researcher made questionnaires and to measure the marital adjustment variable the Lock-Wallace marital adjustment questionnaire was applied. Research findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between variables of social skills (cognitive, behavioral and emotional variables) on one hand, and marital adjustment of the other hand, so that by increasing cognitive behavioral and emotional skills, the degree of marital adjustment will also rise. Also, there is a meaningful relationship among the age difference between husbands and wives, number of their children, education level, and women's profession on one hand and marital adjustment on the other hand. Also, the marital adjustment of women in terms of acquaintance before marriage and the spouse's were place was different, that is the ones who were acquainted with each other and the work place of their spouses were in Sanandaj had higher marital durability.
Examining the Relationship between the Emotional Intelligence and Normal People, Drug Addict, and Drug-Quitter among no-Name Addicted Groups (NA)
Authors: Kamarzarin Hamid , Tehranizadeh Maryam
Published: May 2015

Emotional intelligence brings more success in people and makes them treat ordinary problems more wisely. Addiction, which is currently increasing in most societies, causes people to be inoperable as well as causing personal and social devaluation. The present study investigates emotional intelligence in three groups of the members of the society and these include normal people who have never taken any drugs, the drug addicts and drug-quitter in no-name addicted groups (NA). The subjects in the present study are 90 males of Karaj Province in total, which are selected as follows: 30 of them were selected in a simple random sampling method, 30 drug addicts who were selected purposefully and 30 no-name addicted individuals (NA) were selected purposefully. In order to evaluate the emotional intelligence in the present study, Bar-On emotional intelligence questionnaire was used and in order to detect the drug addicts, a self-reporting technique was used. The information used in the present study was obtained from an individual interview. With the aim of analyzing the data, descriptive practices were used to explain the information about the samples and demographic characteristics, as in inferential methods such as variance analysis. The results obtained in the present study showed that the emotional intelligence of the drug-quitters in the (NA) is generally higher than that of the normal and the drug addicts; to be more specific, there is a significant difference between the three groups in all the seven subcategories of the emotional intelligence; that is to say, it was higher in the NA. The seven subcategories contain problem solving, happiness, psychological pressure tolerance, self-actualization, self-esteem, impulse control and self-expression.
Difficulties of Unitary Understanding of the Social Communication
Authors: Buşu Oprea Valentin
Published: May 2015

The study aims to reveal the specific profile of social communication. This is achieved in two ways: by clarifying the difference between the individual and mass communication, and by highlighting the common characteristics of them. It emphasizes that by its psychological and social determinations, communication is reflected on individuals or groups of individuals with significant effects, depending on the occupied place by them within the communicational system. A fair, effective decision, can’t be taken only if the system and communication networks, are properly functioning. What is important in the end is the effectiveness of communication, or, in other words, if its message was properly understood by the interlocutor what will lead to the desired effect. The communication is a dynamic process which, once initiated, evoluates, is changing and changes people involved in the process. It is even said that we are what we are as a result of interactions of communication that we had along the life, which is certainly true as far as personality is the result of environment, education, experience, and communication is the way which they operate.
A Comparison of Aggression and Irrational Beliefs of the Students on the Basis of their Using of Computer Games
Authors: Baghteyfouni Zahra Karami , Raoufi Mehri , Asadihaghighat Mahnaz , Mahmodian Hamidreza , Khaledian Mohamad
Published: May 2015

The aim of the present research was to compare the aggression and irrational beliefs of thestudents who use computer games and those who do not use such computer games. The universe under research included all the high schools students of the city of Saghez studied in the educationalyear of 2012-2013. A sample size of 100 people at the high school levels was selected through themulti stage cluster sampling and then via simple random method. To collect the data, a 29 question aggression questionnaire by Buss and Perry and a Jones 100 question irrational beliefs questionnairewere used. To analyzethe data, the test was used. Findings revealed that there is a difference between the normal students and the students that use gaming with respect to aggression and irrational beliefs.
New Communication Approaches vs. Traditional Communication
Authors: Dima Ioan Constantin , Teodorescu Mirela , Gîfu Daniela
Published: May 2015

The study highlights some communication instances of actual approach of human society evolution in contrast with traditional communication. During the history of communication dates back to prehistory, with significant changes in communication technologies (media and appropriate inscription tools) evolving in tandem with shifts in political and economic systems, and by extension, systems of power (Innis, 1951), communication can range from very subtle processes of exchange, to full conversations and mass communication. Human communication was revolutionized with speech approximately 100,000 years ago, Symbols were developed about 30,000 years ago ( Diringer, 1982) and writing about 5000 years ago, with Aristotle defining first some metrics of communication, remarcable philosophers as Kant, Hegel, Witgestein, Haidegger, Gadamer developing basics of communication, then in XXth century, communication being defined as science, involving all sciences, whole world, because in fact “It is impossible not to communicate” (first axiom of communication). This evolution passed from simple messages, speeches, poems, novels to sophisticated discourses, reducing time response, emphasizing part of messaging, enlarging participation, media involving, persuasion techniques, sound and image in message, all of these convey to viral communication.
The Place of Rule of Law in Iran
Authors: Ameri Maryam , Mirtorabi Hadiyeh Sadat
Published: May 2015

Harassing the power and its reflection in the history of law is the result of the elders' efforts and sacrifices along with the insights of the rulers and revolutionaries whose names may have never been cited but their great efforts are always being discussedand underpins large scale developments. Specifically, this article has discussed the process of law formation in Iran with an emphasis on Constitutional Revolution (known as constitutionality) and Constitutional movement delimiting and regulating power, controlling autocracy and unconditionality and covering the rule of law and good governance in brief.
Role of Insurance Ombudsman and Grievance Management in Life Insurance Services in Indian Perspective
Authors: Yadav Rajesh K. , Mohania Sarvesh
Published: May 2015

A grievance is defined as a wrong or immoral suffered which creates ground for a complaint. In other words, dissatisfaction of customer on a product or service offered by a manufacturer or a service provider. The study focuses on the grievance management in life insurance services by the insurance ombudsman in India. In today’s scenario of insurance market, with the large volume of insurance transactions and huge customer size, it is an accepted fact that there will be growing number of policyholder grievances for every insurance providing company. The study is based on the secondary data collected from IRDA and research papers from various journals. The study concluded that in grievance management role of insurance ombudsman is very important and constant increase in number of complaints received by various Ombudsman all across the India shows that the policy-holders are gaining their confidence and trust in the institution of Insurance Ombudsman.
Re-Engineering Education and Development from the Prevalence of System Architecture of the Social Media Network
Authors: Auta Filibus Jamaka
Published: May 2015

This paper examines how four systems of re-engineering principles namely, complete operational process system, set-transformation system socio-technical system and technical/workflow environmental analysis re-engineering system, these systems have contributed to life-changing opportunities created by mobile and web-based digital telecommunication systems, the social media networks. The paper also highlighted the structure, functions, and transformation of the society resulting from cell phone design, social media simulation and modelling. They have not only contributed immensely in education and development, especially among the youth. Despite, the regulation policy of government, network providers, a whooping one hundred and sixty-four thousand, six hundred and forty-two subscribers in the year two thousand and thirteen, the number is still growing, are online for education and development. Subscribers are sometimes found on the contradictory side of social practice when they are suppose to confine to practice of environmental learning, distance learning, long-life learning, formal and informal education to avoid danger, restrictions contradictions, that had been the vision mission of the preceding mass media practice which has now exploded to a digital telecommunication broadband of the cell phones/satellite phones, popularly named the social media networks.
Major Factors that Affect Grade 10 Students’ Academic Achievement in Science Education at Ilu Ababora General Secondary of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Beyessa Feyera
Published: May 2015

The main purpose of this study was to explore the factors that affect grade10 students‟ academic achievement in science education at Ilu Aba Bora Zone of General Secondary Schools. To attain this objective, descriptive survey research method was employed. The subjects of the study were 360 (172 male and female 155 students, 25 science teachers, 2 laboratory technicians and 6 school principals). Stratified sampling followed by simple random sampling (lottery method) technique was employed to select the sample students, purposive sampling technique was used to select the schools and availability sampling method was employed for science subject teachers, laboratory technicians and school principals. To gather the necessary data, questionnaire, and interview, observation and document analysis were used. The gathered information was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. The result of the study showed that students were stagnantly engaged in traditional methods of teaching science education. Of major teaching science methodologies, small group (one to five) discussion (M = 4.0) method was the most dominant approach followed by gapped-lecture and whole class discussion, which are not pedagogically supported in teaching science education of the modern time. Out of laboratory sessions, with statistically no significant difference between male and female students, they favored science education negatively and poorly involved in practicing it. 85.97% of activities in science educations of grade 9 and 10 were absolutely not done in the laboratory, which hinder students‟ understanding to handle science education easily. The study also revealed that, non-proficiency in English Language becomes an obstacle for students to grasp the concepts of science education. Although the professional supports of science teachers to their students were relatively fair (M = 3.2), they have not used their maximum potential to implement science education effectively. Parental involvement, peer pressure, schools support (regular attendance, providing facilities, evaluating the effectiveness of teaching learning, giving guidance) and other stakeholders commitment to enhance students‟ science education were very near to the ground. Lastly, absence of laboratory chemicals, rooms, apparatuses, technicians and well organized laboratory manuals were negatively affected the effective implementation of science education and students‟ academic achievement as well. Thus, based on the findings of the study, recommendations were forwarded to alleviate the aforementioned problems.