bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Enantioenriched NH‐Sulfoximines by NH Transfer to Sulfoxides Using Ammonium Carbamate and (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene
Authors: Briggs Edward L. , Ma Tsz‐Kan , Zhong Zhenhao , Tota Arianna , Degennaro Leonardo , Luisi* Renzo , Bull* James A.
Published: August 2024

This chapter presents the procedure for synthesis of enantioenriched NH‐sulfoximines by NH transfer to sulfoxides using ammonium carbamate and (diacetoxyiodo) benzene. Sulfoximines are emerging motifs in the life sciences and have shown application in asymmetric synthesis as chiral auxiliaries, ligands and catalysts. Their Lewis basic character has also made them interesting directing groups for C‐H functionalization. In 2016, the authors reported an operationally simple, metal‐free protocol for the preparation of NH‐sulfoximines from sulfoxides, using ammonium carbamate as a convenient source of ammonia and (diacetoxyiodo) benzene as the oxidant. They (and others) later reported the synthesis of NH‐sulfoximines directly from sulfides under similar conditions, as well as the synthesis of sulfonimidamides. Overall, the authors expect this metal‐free protocol from enantioenriched sulfoxides to be broad applicable, with the demonstrated compound presenting an attractive building block for further derivatization.
911 calls in death investigations: Indicators of veracity and deception
Authors: O'Donnell Daniel E. , Forbes Alijah A. , Huffman Michelle C. , Porter Kathryn , Miller Michelle
Published: August 2024

The current study examined verbal cues of veracity and deception in 911 calls reporting homicides or suicides of another person. Specifically, the current study compared differences in the presence/absence and number of potential verbal indicators between a sample of deceptive callers who concealed their role in causing the person's death and truthful callers who did not cause the person's death. Results demonstrate consistency with previously proposed indicators of veracity and deception in 911 calls. More precisely, a greater number of self‐handicapping statements and descriptions of physical sensations were made by deceptive individuals, whereas truthtellers were more likely to spontaneously self‐correct inaccurate statements. Practical implications and limitations are discussed.
CDC reports on teen exposure to alcohol ads
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2024

More than half of teens ages 12‐17 said that they see or hear alcohol advertisements while streaming videos, going to the movies, browsing the internet, or watching TV, according to a new study from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The study, published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine Focus this month, shows the importance of monitoring digital alcohol marketing, as well as other marketing of alcohol, to underage youth. Teens are disproportionately affected, as they are on these services more than any other age group. The goal of reducing alcohol use by youth can be assisted by limiting exposure to marketing, the study noted. For the research, the CDC analyzed data from the 2021 YouthStyles survey, administered by Porter Novelli.
Kinetics‐Matched Electrode Design for Zn‐Metal Free Zinc Ion Batteries with High Energy Density and Stabilities
Authors: Zhang Jiahe , Zhang Chengqian , Cui Shouhang , Zhang Xiaojun , Wang Ke , Zhang Yihe
Published: August 2024

The metal‐free rocking chair type Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) provide a promising approach toward the promotion of the Zn‐based batteries by circumventing the challenges including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and surface corrosion. In order to sufficiently exploit the available capacity of this metal‐free batteries, it is necessary to effectively enhance the sluggish reaction kinetics of divalent zinc ions. Equally important is to achieve a balance in the kinetics between cathode and anode. Here, hetero‐valent doping and oxygen vacancy engineering are employed to effectively enhance the reaction dynamics of V2O5 cathodes and MoO3 anodes. Moreover, to the best of the knowledge, for the first time, the strategy of kinetics matching between the two electrodes is applied to the construction of rocking‐chair zinc ion batteries, enabling the cathode and anode to share similar zinc ion migration rates, and achieving a high energy density of up to 58.7 Wh kg−1 (based on the total electrode mass) as well as excellent cycling stability (90% after 500 cycles). This work demonstrates the importance of kinetics matching in zinc‐ion full‐cell performance and pave a benefitable avenue to for the pursuit of advanced multi‐valent metal‐ion batteries.
1D Ultrathin Peptoid Nanobelts‐Based Organic‐Inorganic Nanocomposite for Photo‐Controllable Chemo‐Enzymatic Cascade Catalysis
Authors: Wu Pengchao , Sui Pengliang , Xu Zejiang , Zhu Lingrong , Jia Yanyan , Dai Sheng , Jin Haibao , Lin Shaoliang
Published: August 2024

The development of 1D stimuli‐responsive ultrathin organic nanomaterials (UTONMs)‐based hybrid nanocomposites with tailored functions is necessitated to construct hybrid catalysts with adjustable catalytic performance. Herein, the self‐assembly of ternary amphiphilic alternating azopeptoids into micron‐scaled ultrathin peptoid nanobelts (PNBs) is reported with a thickness of ≈2.2 nm. The pendants hydrophobic conjugate stacking mechanism is accountable for the formation of 1D long‐ranged‐ordered nanostructure, whose thickness is highly dependent on the length of the suspended side‐chains. The photo‐triggered reversible transition from PNBs to nanospheres (≈92 nm) is rendered by the photo‐isomerization of azobenzene moiety upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible lights. Moreover, the carboxyl‐modified aggregates are employed as supports to load Pd nanoparticles, successfully preparing hybrid nanocomposites. As a proof‐of‐concept experiment, the catalytic activity of both control and these hybrid nanocomposites are evaluated toward chemo‐enzymatic cascade catalysis for 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine oxidation with in situ UV–vis spectroscopic monitor. Compared to nanospheres‐based systems, PNBs‐based nanocomposites exhibited larger catalytic performance, attributable to the ultrathin nanostructures and subsequent ultrahigh specific surface area. The photo‐controllable recyclable catalytic activity is effectively modulated using the alternative irradiation with UV and visible lights for three cycles. The work paves an appealing avenue to prepare UTONMs‐based stimuli‐responsive hybrid nanocomposites with controllable performance.
Oral Piwi‐Interacting RNA Delivery Mediated by Green Tea‐Derived Exosome‐Like Nanovesicles for the Treatment of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Liu Yan , Qi Hongzhao , Zong Jinbao , Li Min , Yang Yanyan , Li Xiaolu , Li Tianxiang , Cho Jae Youl , Yu Tao
Published: August 2024

Aortic dissection (AD) is a severe cardiovascular disease necessitating active therapeutic strategies for early intervention and prevention. Nucleic acid drugs, known for their potent molecule‐targeting therapeutic properties, offer potential for genetic suppression of AD. Piwi‐interacting RNAs, a class of small RNAs, hold promise for managing cardiovascular diseases. Limited research on these RNAs and AD exists. This study demonstrates that an antagomir targeting heart‐apoptosis‐associated piRNA (HAAPIR) effectively regulates vascular remodeling, mitigating AD occurrence and progression through the myocyte enhancer factor 2D (Mef2D) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) pathways. Green tea‐derived plant exosome‐like nanovesicles (PELNs) are used for oral administration of antagomir. The antagomir‐HAAPIR‐nanovesicle complex, after purification and optimization, exhibits a high packing rate, while the antagomir is resistant to enzyme digestion. Administered to mice, the complex targets the aortic lesion, reducing AD incidence and improving survival. Moreover, MMP9 and Mef2D expression decrease significantly, inhibiting the phenotypic conversion of human aortic smooth muscle cells. PELNs encapsulate the antagomir‐HAAPIR complex, maintaining stability, mediating transport into the bloodstream, and delivering Piwi‐interacting RNAs to AD sites. Thus, HAAPIR is a potential target for persistent clinical AD prevention and treatment, and nanovesicle‐encapsulated nucleic acids offer a promising cardiovascular disease treatment, providing insights for other therapeutic targets.
Potential of an Amphiphilic Artificial Corneal Endothelial Layer as a Replacement Option for Damaged Corneal Endothelium
Authors: Fang Yifan , Li Junyang , Yang Kunkun , Li Zhao , Chen Xiaoke , Long Yi , Huang Yifei , Du Yanan , Wang Liqiang
Published: August 2024

Bullous keratopathy, a condition severely impacting vision and potentially leading to corneal blindness, necessitates corneal transplantation. However, the shortage of donor corneas and complex surgical procedures drive the exploration of tissue‐engineered corneal endothelial layers. This study develops a transparent, amphiphilic, and cell‐free membrane for corneal endothelial replacement. The membrane, securely attached to the posterior surface of the cornea, is created by mixing hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) in a 10:1 ratio. A 50 µL volume is used to obtain a 60 µm hydrophobic membrane on both sides, with one side treated with a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution. The resulting membrane is transparent, foldable, biocompatible, amphiphilic, and easily handled. When exposed to 20% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), the hydrophilic side of the membrane adheres tightly to the corneal Descemet's membrane, preventing water absorption into the corneal stroma, and thus treating bullous keratopathy. Histological test confirms its effectiveness, showing normal corneal structure and low inflammation when implanted in rabbits for up to 100 d. This study showcases the potential of this membrane as a viable option for corneal endothelial replacement, offering a novel approach to address donor tissue scarcity in corneal transplantation.
Aided Porous Medium Emulsification for Functional Hydrogel Microparticles Synthesis
Authors: Khairallah Tina , Khoury Luai R.
Published: August 2024

Despite the substantial advancement in developing various hydrogel microparticle (HMP) synthesis methods, emulsification through porous medium to synthesize functional hybrid protein–polymer HMPs has yet to be addressed. Here, the aided porous medium emulsification for hydrogel microparticle synthesis (APME‐HMS) system, an innovative approach drawing inspiration from porous medium emulsification is introduced. This method capitalizes on emulsifying immiscible phases within a 3D porous structure for optimal HMP production. Using the APME‐HMS system, synthesized responsive bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) HMPs of various sizes are successfully synthesized. Preserving protein structural integrity and functionality enable the formation of cytochrome c (cyt c) – PEGDA HMPs for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection at various concentrations. The flexibility of the APME‐HMS system is demonstrated by its ability to efficiently synthesize HMPs using low volumes (≈50 µL) and concentrations (100 µm) of proteins within minutes while preserving proteins’ structural and functional properties. Additionally, the capability of the APME‐HMS method to produce a diverse array of HMP types enriches the palette of HMP fabrication techniques, presenting it as a cost‐effective, biocompatible, and scalable alternative for various biomedical applications, such as controlled drug delivery, 3D printing bio‐inks, biosensing devices, with potential implications even in culinary applications.
Association between longest‐held occupation and mortality risk
Authors: Asfaw Abay , Bhattacharya Anasua
Published: August 2024

Background

Occupation is associated with a large part of daily activities, affecting lifestyle and social status. However, limited research exists on the association between longest‐held occupation (LHO) and early mortality. We examine if LHO is associated with mortality risk among US adults 51 years of age and older.

Methods

Using Health and Retirement Study data from 1992 to 2020, we followed 26,758 respondents 51 years of age and older for up to 29 years. We used competing‐risks analysis methodology to estimate the risk of mortality.

Results

Across the average 20.5 follow‐up years, women with LHO in the categories of machine operators (subhazard ratio [SHR]: 1.42), food preparation (SHR: 1.39), handlers and helpers (SHR: 1.35), and sales (SHR: 1.15), were more likely to die earlier than women with the LHO in the professional and technical support occupation, the reference occupation. Men with LHO in the categories of food preparation (SHR: 1.43), machine operators (SHR: 1.36), personal services (SHR: 1.34), handlers and helpers (SHR: 1.32), protective services (SHR: 1.31), clerical (SHR: 1.27), farming and fishing (SHR: 1.26), sales (SHR: 1.23), and precision production (SHR: 1.20) had elevated risks of mortality compared to men whose LHO was in the referent professional and technical support occupation.

Conclusions

Findings from this study provide comprehensive and current evidence that occupation can be one of the risk factors for adverse health outcomes and ultimately for early mortality.
Aromative Dephosphinidenation of a Bisphosphirane‐Fused Anthracene toward E−H (E=H, Si, N and P) Bond Activation
Authors: Luo Qing , Liu Tingting , Huang Linlin , Yang Cheng , Lu Wei
Published: August 2024

A bisphosphirane‐fused anthracene (5) was prepared by treatment of a sterically encumbered amino phosphorus dichloride (3) with MgA ⋅ THF3 (A=anthracene). X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed a pentacyclic framework consisting of 5 with two phosphirane rings fused to the anthracene in a trans‐fashion. Compound 5 has been shown to be an efficient phosphinidene synthon, readily liberating two transient phosphinidene units for subsequent downstream bond activation via the reductive elimination of anthracene under mild conditions. The formal oxidative addition of H2 and E−H (E=Si, N, P) bonds by the liberated phosphinidene provided diphosphine and substituted phosphines. Furthermore, phosphinidene transfer to alkenes and alkynes smoothly yielded the corresponding phosphiranes and phosphirenes. The mechanism of the H2 activation by 5 was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Cationic Foldamer‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Cages
Authors: Fang Siqiang , Bao Zhaowei , Liu Zanjiao , Wu Zhengdong , Tan Jian‐Ping , Wei Xin , Li Bo , Wang Tianli
Published: August 2024

The stereochemistry of shape‐persistent molecular cages, particularly those resembling prisms, exerts significant influence on their application‐specific functionalities. Although methods exist for fabricating inherently chiral prism‐like cages, strategies for catalytic asymmetric synthesis of these structures in a diversity‐oriented fashion remain unexplored. Herein, we introduce an unprecedented organocatalytic desymmetrization approach for the generation of inherently chiral prism‐like cages via phosphonium‐containing foldamer‐catalyzed SNAr reactions. This methodology establishes a topological connection, enabling the facile assembly of a wide range of versatile stereogenic‐at‐cage building blocks possessing two highly modifiable groups. Furthermore, subsequent stereospecific transformations of the remaining chlorides and/or ethers afford convenient access to numerous functionally relevant chiral‐at‐cage molecules.
Boosting Organic Solar Cells to Over 18 % Efficiency through Dipole‐Dipole Interactions in Fluorinated Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors
Authors: Zheng Xinming , Jiang Xiaolin , Liu Wenlong , Cao Chanyin , Wei Nan , Wei Zhengdong , Zhang Lei , Wu Hongbo , Zhang Andong , Li Cuihong , Liu Yahui , Lu Hao , Xu Xinjun , Tang Zheng , Bo Zhishan
Published: August 2024

This study successfully designed and synthesized two nonfused ring electron acceptors, 412‐6F and 412‐6Cl, modified with fluorine and chlorine substituents, respectively. Single‐crystal analysis revealed that 412‐6F possesses a planar molecular backbone and exhibits pronounced dipole‐dipole interactions between the fluorine atoms on the lateral phenyl groups and the carbonyl oxygen atoms on the end groups. This specific interaction promotes dense end‐group stacking, leading to a reduced interlayer spacing. Improved crystallinity and coherence length are observed in the D18 : 412‐6F blend film. Conversely, 412‐6Cl adopts a more distorted configuration and lacks these interactions. As a result, the organic solar cell (OSC) based on D18 : 412‐6F achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 18.03 %, surpassing the performance of the D18 : 412‐6Cl OSC. This underscores the importance of designing novel acceptors with beneficial intermolecular interactions to enhance OSC efficiency, thus providing a new direction for organic photovoltaic advancement.
Resonance‐Assisted Self‐Doping in Robust Open‐Shell Ladder‐Type Oligoaniline Analogues
Authors: Leng Mingwan , Alturaifi Turki M. , Pearce Josiah , Lin Hengyu , Yu Guanghua , Al‐Hashimi Mohammed , Zhou Hong‐Cai , Liu Peng , Fang Lei
Published: August 2024

A novel resonance‐assisted self‐doping mechanism has been demonstrated in ladder‐type oligoaniline‐derived organic conductors. The new class of compounds has a unique structure incorporating acidic phenolic hydroxyl groups into the ladder‐type cyclohexadiene‐1,4‐diimine core, enabling efficient resonance‐assisted proton transfer and electronic doping without the need for external dopants. Mechanistic and computational studies confirm the open‐shell, zwitterionic nature of the self‐doped state and the significant role played by the dielectric environment. This new self‐doping mechanism allows for higher stability and durability in the material‘s electronic performance. The self‐doped form retains durability under harsh conditions and maintains its properties over extended periods of time.
Empathy in autistic children: Emotional overarousal in response to others' physical pain
Authors: Li Tianbi , Decety Jean , Hua Zihui , Li Guoxiang , Yi Li
Published: August 2024

Different empathic responses are often reported in autism but remain controversial. To investigate which component of empathy is most affected by autism, we examined the affective, cognitive, and motivational components of empathy in 25 5‐ to 8‐year‐old autistic and 27 neurotypical children. Participants were presented with visual stimuli depicting people's limbs in painful or nonpainful situations while their eye movements, pupillary responses, and verbal ratings of pain intensity and empathic concern were recorded. The results indicate an emotional overarousal and reduced empathic concern to others' pain in autism. Compared with neurotypical children, autistic children displayed larger pupil dilation accompanied by attentional avoidance to others' pain. Moreover, even though autistic children rated others in painful situations as painful, they felt less sorry than neurotypical children. Interestingly, autistic children felt more sorry in nonpainful situations compared with neurotypical children. These findings demonstrated an emotional overarousal in response to others' pain in autistic children, and provide important implications for clinical practice aiming to promote socio‐emotional understanding in autistic children.
CEOs family on the boardroom and environmental, social, and governance disclosure: Exploring from economic crisis during COVID‐19
Authors: Ardianto Ardianto , Cahyono Suham , Sulaiman Noor Adwa
Published: August 2024

This study examines the relationship between family‐run businesses and the quality of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure, with a specific focus on the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Drawing on a sample of 559 firm‐year observations from publicly listed companies in ASEAN countries spanning from 2019 to 2022, this study measure ESG disclosure quality using the global reporting initiative guidelines for sustainability reports. Family‐run businesses are identified as those with family members serving on the board of directors. This study finding reveals that family‐run businesses exhibit higher ESG disclosure quality compared to companies without family representation on their boards. Furthermore, results show a significant positive impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the relationship between family‐run businesses and their ESG disclosure practices. The implications of this study are significant for various stakeholders, including owners, management, and regulators. This research contributes to the existing literature by offering empirical evidence on the relationship between family‐run businesses and ESG disclosure within the context of ASEAN countries, particularly amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic. By shedding light on the positive association between family involvement and ESG disclosure quality, this study provides valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers seeking to promote sustainable business practices in emerging markets.
A case report of metformin‐associated lactic acidosis
Authors: Taha Mohammed , Azhary Ayman , Hajhamed Nooh Mohamed , Sir Alkhatim Waleed Azhary , Bakheit Abdullah M. , Ahmed Abdallah Elssir
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Metformin‐associated lactic acidosis is a rare but serious complication in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially those with multiple health conditions. Prompt recognition and treatment, including potential renal replacement therapy, are crucial for managing severe acidosis and improving patient outcomes.

Metformin (MTF) is commonly prescribed as a first‐line treatment for diabetes, effectively preventing microvascular and macrovascular complications. However, metformin‐associated lactic acidosis is a rare yet severe complication, associated with a mortality rate of up to 50%. We encountered a case involving a 73‐year‐old woman with type 2 diabetes, mental illness, and hypothyroidism, who developed life‐threatening lactic acidosis while on metformin therapy. Upon presenting to the emergency department with complaints of weakness, nausea, and decreased urination for 5 days, she also reported abdominal pain and shortness of breath. Hypotension was noted with a blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg. Initial laboratory results revealed severe acidosis, prompting discontinuation of MTF. Despite resuscitation efforts and vasopressor therapy, severe acidemia persisted, leading to the initiation of renal replacement therapy. Following treatment with continuous renal replacement therapy, her acidemia resolved, and she was discharged from the hospital on the sixth day without complications, with normal kidney function.
Visible Light‐Sensitized CO2 Methanation along a Relaxed Heat Available Route
Authors: Du Yangyang , Ma Dongge , Li Jiazhen , Huang Qiang , He Qin , Ji Jianfei , Ji Hongwei , Ma Wanhong , Zhao Jincai
Published: August 2024

In photocatalysis, the resulted heat by the relaxation of most of incident light no longer acts as the industrially favorite driving force back to the target photo‐reaction due to more or less the negative relation between photocatalytic efficiency and temperature. Here, we reported a visible light‐sensitized protocol that completely reversed the negatively temperature‐dependent efficiency in photo‐driven CO2 methanation with saturated water vapor. Uniform Pt/N‐TiO2/PDI self‐assembly material decisively injects the excited electron of PDI sensitizer into N‐TiO2 forming Ti−H hydride which is crucially temperature‐dependent nucleophilic species to dominate CO2 methanation, rather than conventionally separated and trapped electrons on the conductor band. Meanwhile, the ternary composite lifts itself temperature from room temperature to 305.2 °C within 400 s only by the failure excitation upon simulated sunlight of 2.5 W/cm2, and smoothly achieves CO2 methanation with a record number of 4.98 mmol g−1 h−1 rate, compared to less than 0.02 mol g−1 h−1 at classic Pt/N‐TiO2/UV photocatalysis without PDI sensitization. This approach can reuse ~53.9 % of the relaxed heat energy from the incident light thereby allow high‐intensity incident light as strong as possible within a flowing photo‐reactor, opening the most likely gateways to industrialization.
Facile Preparation and Study of Self‐Healing Water‐Absorbing Expanding Elastomers
Authors: Lu Wentong , Liu Fengyi , Zhu Yiyao , Wang Jincheng , Tian Hao , Zhou Peilong , Li Long
Published: August 2024

The absorbent expansion elastomer plays a crucial role in engineering sealing and holds a promising future in this field as infrastructure continues to develop. Traditional materials have their limitations, especially when used in large construction projects where the integrity and reliability of the material are of utmost importance. In this work, a self‐healing water‐absorbing expansion elastomer was developed for continuous production at a large scale to monitor the sealing conditions of massive infrastructure projects. At room temperature, the material exhibited a repairing efficiency of 57.77 % within 2 h, which increased to 84.02 % after 12 h. This extended reaction time allowed for effective repairs when defects were detected. The material's strength can attain 3 MPa, placing it at the upper echelon among common self‐healing materials, thereby granting it a certain level of durability in its application environment. The material's volume expansion rate reached 200–400 % to achieve effective sealing, and the functional filling of the filler endowed the material itself with a favorable external force induction effect and prevented heat accumulation. The conductive detection performance of the absorbent expansion elastomer was improved by utilizing triple self‐healing strategies, including dipole‐dipole interaction, ion cross‐linked network, and externally‐aided restoration materials. These strategies were combined with a double packing strategy to enhance the material's properties. This innovative elastomer can be applied in various fields such as tunnel construction, infrastructure development, aerospace sealing, and railway transportation, showcasing significant potential for diverse engineering applications.
Selective Recruitment of Antibodies to Cancer Cells and Immune Cell‐mediated Killing via In Situ Click Chemistry
Authors: Ankrom Emily , Dalesandro Brianna , Pires Marcos M. , Thévenin Damien
Published: August 2024

Many current cancer immunotherapies function by redirecting immune system components to recognize cancer biomarkers and initiate a cytotoxic attack. The lack of a universal tumor biomarker limits the therapeutic potential of these approaches. However, one feature characteristic of nearly all solid tumors is extracellular acidity. This inherent acidity provides the basis for targeted drug delivery via the pH‐low insertion peptide (pHLIP), which selectively accumulates in tumors in vivo due to a pH‐dependent membrane insertion propensity. Previously, we established that we could selectively decorate cancer cells with antigen‐pHLIP conjugates to facilitate antibody recruitment and subsequent killing by engineered effector cells via antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Here, we present a novel strategy for opsonizing antibodies on target cell surfaces using click chemistry. We utilize pHLIP to facilitate selective tetrazine ‐ trans‐cyclooctene ligation of human IgGs to the cancer cell surface and induce ADCC. We demonstrate that our approach activates the primary ADCC signaling pathway via CD16a (FcγRIIIa) receptors on effector cells and induces the killing of cancer cell targets by engineered NK cells.
Experimental Investigation for Enhancement of Solar Still Performance for Wastewater Treatment with the Influence of Encapsulated Phase Change Material
Authors: Sharma Mriduta , Tyagi Vineet Veer , Chopra Kapil , Kothari Richa
Published: August 2024

This research aims to investigate the single‐slope solar still for treating industrial wastewater using stearic acid as a phase change material. The phase change material is macroencapsulated in aluminum bottles. The experiment is run at 50% wastewater depth with 9 kg (scenario 1), 12 kg (scenario 2), and 15 kg (scenario 3) mass of stearic acid and without stearic acid (scenario 4). The total output productivity of 2247, 1600, and 1359 mL m−2 d−1 is achieved in scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively, out of which evening time productivity is 24.47%, 22.18%, and 28.39% increasing the operational time by 5 h. The system is well efficient in reducing total dissolved solids and total kjeldahl nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand with an efficiency of 90.45%, 98.57%, and 97.89%, respectively. A notable increase of 78.92%, 36.63%, and 32.67% in thermal efficiency is attained using 9, 12, and 15 kg mass of stearic acid respectively compared to traditional solar still. Comparing scenarios based on thermal efficiency, it can be concluded that thermal efficiency and mass of phase change material are inversely related and lower masses show better performance efficiency.
Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7P3O12 activated PVDF solid electrolyte for advanced lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Ou Caizheng , Zhang Hao , Ma Dan , Mu Hailiang , Zhuge Xiangqun , Ren Yurong , Bayati Maryam , Xu Ben Bin , Liu Xiaoteng , Zou Xiaoqin , Luo Kun
Published: August 2024

Lithium‐ion composite solid electrolyte membranes embedded with Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7P3O12 and poly(vinylidene fluoride) are prepared using a facile casting method. Furthermore, we added LiI as an active agent for decomposing the anode product. The synergy resulted in a high conductivity of 7.4 mS·cm−1 and lithium‐ion mobility of 0.59 and a reduction of the overpotential to 0.86 V for lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). The membrane has enhanced Young's modulus of 6.6 GPa that effectively blocked the lithium dendrite growth during the battery operation and puncturing to the membrane led to a significant LOB cycle life of 542 cycles. Meanwhile, Li|Li symmetrical battery overpotential maintained at 42 mV after 470 h of operation.

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More widespread functionality of posterior language area in patients with brain tumors
Authors: Nakajima Riho , Osada Takahiro , Kinoshita Masashi , Ogawa Akitoshi , Okita Hirokazu , Konishi Seiki , Nakada Mitsutoshi
Published: August 2024

Damage to the posterior language area (PLA), or Wernicke's area causes cortical reorganization in the corresponding regions of the contralateral hemisphere. However, the details of reorganization within the ipsilateral hemisphere are not fully understood. In this context, direct electrical stimulation during awake surgery can provide valuable opportunities to investigate neuromodulation of the human brain in vivo, which is difficult through the non‐invasive approaches. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of the cortical reorganization of the PLA within the ipsilateral hemisphere. Sixty‐two patients with left hemispheric gliomas were divided into groups depending on whether the lesion extended to the PLA. All patients underwent direct cortical stimulation with a picture‐naming task. We further performed functional connectivity analyses using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a subset of patients and calculated betweenness centrality, an index of the network importance of brain areas. During direct cortical stimulation, the regions showing positive (impaired) responses in the non‐PLA group were localized mainly in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), whereas those in the PLA group were widely distributed from the pSTG to the posterior supramarginal gyrus (pSMG). Notably, the percentage of positive responses in the pSMG was significantly higher in the PLA group (47%) than in the non‐PLA group (8%). In network analyses of functional connectivity, the pSMG was identified as a hub region with high betweenness centrality in both the groups. These findings suggest that the language area can spread beyond the PLA to the pSMG, a hub region, in patients with lesion progression to the pSTG. The change in the pattern of the language area may be a compensatory mechanism to maintain efficient brain networks.
Validation of the Bangla version of the Communication Skills Attitude Scale with the medical students of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mohammad Aminul , Benzir Maskura , Siddique Md. Kaoser Bin , Awal Md. Abdul , Chowdhury Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir , Joarder Taufique
Published: August 2024

Background

Effective communication skill of physicians is an important component of high‐quality healthcare delivery and safe patient care. Communication is embedded in the social and cultural contexts where it takes place. An understanding of medical students' attitudes and learning communication skills would help to design and deliver culturally appropriate medical education. The Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) is a widely used and validated tool to measure the attitude of medical students toward learning communication skills in different populations, settings, and countries. However, there is no culturally adapted and validated scale in Bangla in the Bangladesh context. This study aims to culturally adapt the CSAS into Bangla, and validate it in a cohort of medical students in Bangladesh.

Methods

This study used a cross‐sectional survey design to collect data from purposively selected 566 undergraduate medical students from the Rajshahi division. The survey was conducted from January to December 2023. Descriptive statistics like frequency distribution and measures of central tendency were used to measure perception regarding communication skills. The sample adequacy was measured through the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test. The internal consistency of the items was identified using Cronbach's alpha (α) coefficients.

Result

The results of the study show that the Bangla version of the scale is feasible, valid, and internally consistent in the context of a developing country, Bangladesh. The overall internal consistency of the Bangla version is good since the value of Cronbach's alpha (α) is 0.882. For PAS, the internal consistency is 0.933. While, for NAS, the value is 0.719. The item‐wise average scores in the PAS indicate that female medical students are more willing to learn communication skills compared with male students (α = 0.933). While, the scores in the NAS indicate that the male students tend to have more negative attitude toward learning communication skills compared with female students (α = 0.719).

Conclusion

The CSAS‐Bangla is a valid and reliable tool for assessing communication skill attitudes among Bangla speaking medical students. This scale can be used in future studies to measure the attitude of students, designing and evaluating communication skills training programs in medical colleges.
Teaching learners to identify and reduce the spread of medical misinformation
Authors: Johnson Steven Theodore , Goldwire Micheline Andel , Abdalla Maha , Advani Ashish , Alhammad Abdullah M. , Anderson Keri C. , Bernknopf Allison , Blommel Matthew L. , Brunner Rachel , Frazier JorDonna , Gor Prit , Gosser Rena , Ipema Heather , Kier Karen L. , Kostrzewa Audrey , Majerczyk Daniel , Manian Radha , Maxwell Erin , May Dianne , May J. Russell , Munir Faria , Okafar Ife , Phillips Jennifer , Poore Alia A. , Saad Maha , Sibbesen Julie B. , Sommer Christine D.
Published: August 2024

Pharmacists play a key role in helping to identify and combat the spread of medical misinformation. To do this effectively, pharmacists need to be equipped with skills and tools to respond to medical misinformation as it relates to patient care. The lack of peer‐reviewed research on how to approach medical misinformation illustrates the need for specific strategies on how to identify, combat, and report medical misinformation. This article describes practical tactics pharmacists can use to teach learners the knowledge and skills necessary to reduce the spread of medical misinformation from various sources, including social media and artificial intelligence.
Effects of Food, Gastric Acid Reduction, and Strong CYP3A Induction on the Pharmacokinetics of Tasurgratinib, a Novel Selective Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor
Authors: Nomoto Maiko , Hasunuma Tomoko , Cai Cuiyuan , Suzuki Ippei , Mikubo Ayano , Funasaka Setsuo , Otake Yohei , Nakai Kenya , Yasuda Sanae
Published: August 2024

We conducted this three‐part study in healthy subjects to investigate the pharmacokinetics of tasurgratinib (orally available selective inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1‐3) and M2 (its major metabolite) under different conditions. In Part A, subjects received tasurgratinib 35 mg either fed with a high‐fat meal or fasted. In Parts B and C, subjects received tasurgratinib 35 mg alone or with either rabeprazole (acid‐reducing agent) 20 mg (Part B) or rifampin (strong CYP3A inducer) 600 mg (Part C). Primary endpoints were maximum concentration (Cmax), and areas under the plasma concentration‐time curve to time of last quantifiable concentration (AUC(0‐t)) and extrapolated to infinite time (AUC(0‐inf)). Forty‐two subjects were enrolled, 14 each into Parts A, B, and C. In Part A, administration of tasurgratinib with a high‐fat meal resulted in 33% reduction in Cmax and ∼23% reduction in AUC(0‐t) and AUC(0‐inf) of tasurgratinib, and 47% reduction in Cmax with ∼30% reduction in AUC(0‐t) and AUC(0‐inf) of M2. In Part B, co‐administration of rabeprazole at steady state resulted in no/weak interaction with tasurgratinib (∼8% increase in AUC(0‐t) and AUC(0‐inf) without an effect on Cmax) and M2 (∼18% increase in AUC(0‐t) and AUC(0‐inf) without an effect on Cmax). In Part C, co‐administration of rifampin at steady state resulted in a weak interaction with tasurgratinib (∼16% reduction in AUC(0‐t) and AUC(0‐inf)) and M2 (∼12% reduction in AUC(0‐t) and AUC(0‐inf)). Administration of tasurgratinib with a high‐fat meal appeared to reduce systemic exposure of tasurgratinib, however co‐administration with an acid‐reducing agent or a CYP3A inducer had a minimal impact on pharmacokinetics.
Synthesized alternative reinforcement and resurgence
Authors: Smith Sean W. , Arroyo Antúnez Beatriz E. , DeBartelo Jacqueline , Sullivan William E. , Roane Henry S. , Craig Andrew R.
Published: August 2024

In treatments based on differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, applied researchers and clinicians often provide multiple, qualitatively different reinforcers (i.e., synthesized reinforcement) rather than a single reinforcer (i.e., isolated reinforcement) contingent on alternative behavior. Some research shows that providing synthesized reinforcement for alternative responses within such treatments produces more rapid and complete suppression of target behavior; however, there is limited research evaluating the durability of these effects during treatment disruptions. Conceptual explanations of resurgence (e.g., resurgence as choice, context theory) suggest that treatments that include synthesized alternative reinforcement may lead to more resurgence of target behavior when alternative reinforcement is disrupted relative to treatments using isolated reinforcement. We evaluated this hypothesis within a three‐phase resurgence evaluation. We exposed rats to isolated or synthesized reinforcement for alternative responding in the second phase, and we exposed rats to extinction in the third phase. Synthesized alternative reinforcement produced more rapid and complete suppression of target behavior than did isolated reinforcement in the second phase; however, exposure to extinction following synthesized reinforcement produced more resurgence. We discuss these results in terms of their implications for applied research and their support for current conceptual explanations for resurgence.
Soil fertilization with microalgae biomass from municipal wastewater treatment causes no additional leaching of dissolved macronutrients and trace elements in a column experiment
Authors: Weigand Harald , Velten Hermann , Düring Rolf‐Alexander , Chifflard Peter , Rohnke Marcus , Weintraut Timo , Heusch Steffen , Theilen Ulf
Published: August 2024

Microalgae are a promising bio‐fertilizer that can be cultivated in municipal wastewater, where the organisms perform water purification by incorporation of nutrients and contaminants. Before bio‐fertilization with wastewater‐grown microalgae can be put into practice, its impact on the leaching of macronutrients and trace elements needs to be evaluated. Here, we studied the leaching behavior of a microalgae‐fertilized soil against a control in column percolation setup. Microalgae were grown in real municipal wastewater supplemented with bromide for the analysis of within‐cell Br− accumulation by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Dry biomass (45.0 g N kg−1 and 28.9 g P kg−1) was added to the topmost layer of the fertilized column at a level of 3 g biomass kg−1 on a whole soil basis. Column irrigation was equivalent to 3 years of precipitation in central Germany. The leaching of macronutrients and trace elements from the fertilized and control columns was largely identical. Except for P, depth profiles confirmed very low vertical translocation within the soil. This is held for total element contents as well as for operationally defined pools, suggesting that microalgae cultivated in municipal wastewater provide a slow‐release fertilizer largely resistant to leaching. Mass spectrometric imaging gave clear evidence for bromide uptake by the microalgae, and pure cultures of the genus Scenedesmus showed that it was preferentially located in the cell membrane. Therefore, bromide could potentially be employed as a mineralization tracer in future studies on the use of microalgae as a bio‐fertilizer.
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell tissue source and in vitro expansion impact extracellular vesicle protein and miRNA compositions as well as angiogenic and immunomodulatory capacities
Authors: Liu Yuan , Sun Li , Li Yan , Holmes Christina
Published: August 2024

Recently, therapies utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have begun to show promise in clinical trials. However, EV therapeutic potential varies with MSC tissue source and in vitro expansion through passaging. To find the optimal MSC source for clinically translatable EV‐derived therapies, this study aims to compare the angiogenic and immunomodulatory potentials and the protein and miRNA cargo compositions of EVs isolated from the two most common clinical sources of adult MSCs, bone marrow and adipose tissue, across different passage numbers. Primary bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BMSCs) and adipose‐derived MSCs (ASCs) were isolated from adult female Lewis rats and expanded in vitro to the indicated passage numbers (P2, P4, and P8). EVs were isolated from the culture medium of P2, P4, and P8 BMSCs and ASCs and characterized for EV size, number, surface markers, protein content, and morphology. EVs isolated from different tissue sources showed different EV yields per cell, EV sizes, and protein yield per EV. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of proteomics data and miRNA seq data identified key proteins and pathways associated with differences between BMSC‐EVs and ASC‐EVs, as well as differences due to passage number. In vitro tube formation assays employing human umbilical vein endothelial cells suggested that both tissue source and passage number had significant effects on the angiogenic capacity of EVs. With or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, EVs more significantly impacted expression of M2‐macrophage genes (IL‐10, Arg1, TGFβ) than M1‐macrophage genes (IL‐6, NOS2, TNFα). By correlating the proteomics analyses with the miRNA seq analysis and differences observed in our in vitro immunomodulatory, angiogenic, and proliferation assays, this study highlights the trade‐offs that may be necessary in selecting the optimal MSC source for development of clinical EV therapies.
サーキット場で生じた車両事故による外傷の特徴(Characteristics of traumatic injuries resulting from vehicle accidents occurring at a racing circuit)
Authors: 一樹 菅谷 , 智史 上野 , 友誉 三澤 , 剛 鈴木 , 誠 小野寺 , 憲 伊関
Published: August 2024

【目的】本邦には数多くのサーキット場があるが，サーキット場で発生した車両事故による外傷（以下，サーキット外傷）に関する疫学的調査は不足している。本研究はサーキット外傷の疫学的特徴を明らかにすることを目的とした。【方法】2013年から2022年までに，エビスサーキットを救急要請地点として要請された傷病者を後方視的に検討した。【結果】期間内に87件の救急要請があり，54人が三次医療機関である当院に搬送され，そのうち49人がサーキット外傷であった。ドクターヘリかドクターカーで搬送されたサーキット外傷は21人であった。サーキット外傷患者の特徴は，平均年齢39.2歳，男性45人であった。車両種別は二輪車30人，四輪車17人，自転車2人であった。部位別では，二輪車であれば四肢外傷や体表外傷が多く，AISは頭頚部が高値で，四輪車は胸部や体表の外傷が多く，AISは腹部が高値であった。5人が帰宅した。9人が受傷から24時間以内に全身麻酔下で手術を受けた。全種目の合計のinjury severity scoreの中央値は9であったが，大半の患者は生理学的に安定しており，probability of survivalが50%以下の症例は3例のみで，46例は90%以上であった。期間中に2人が死亡した。【結語】サーキット外傷は，二輪車では四肢外傷が，四輪車では胸部外傷が多く，いずれも生理学的に安定していた。
Distribution and diagnostic value of single and multiple high‐risk HPV infections in detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A retrospective multicenter study in China
Authors: Ye Zichen , Zhao Yuankai , Chen Mingyang , Lu Qu , Wang Jiahui , Cui Xiaoli , Wang Huike , Xue Peng , Jiang Yu
Published: August 2024

The risk associated with single and multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the distribution and diagnostic significance of the number of high‐risk HPV (hr‐HPV) infections in detecting CIN, addressing a crucial gap in our understanding. This comprehensive multicenter, retrospective study meticulously analyzed the distribution of single and multiple hr‐HPV, the risk of CIN2+, the relationship with CIN, and the impact on the diagnostic performance of colposcopy using demographic information, clinical histories, and tissue samples. The composition of a single infection was predominantly HPV16, 52, 58, 18, and 51, while HPV16 and 33 were identified as the primary causes of CIN2+. The primary instances of dual infection were mainly observed in combinations such as HPV16/18, HPV16/52, and HPV16/58, while HPV16/33 was identified as the primary cause of CIN2+. The incidence of hr‐HPV infections shows a dose–response relationship with the risk of CIN (p for trend <0.001). Compared to single hr‐HPV, multiple hr‐HPV infections were associated with increased risks of CIN1 (1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–1.72), CIN2 (1.70, 95% CI: 1.38–2.09), and CIN3 (1.08, 95% CI: 0.86–1.37). The colposcopy‐based specificity of single hr‐HPV (93.4, 95% CI: 92.4–94.4) and multiple hr‐HPV (92.9, 95% CI: 90.8–94.6) was significantly lower than negative (97.9, 95% CI: 97.0–98.5) in detecting high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse (HSIL+). However, the sensitivity of single hr‐HPV (73.5, 95% CI: 70.8–76.0) and multiple hr‐HPV (71.8, 95% CI: 67.0–76.2) was higher than negative (62.0, 95% CI: 51.0–71.9) in detecting HSIL+. We found that multiple hr‐HPV infections increase the risk of developing CIN lesions compared to a single infection. Colposcopy for HSIL+ detection showed high sensitivity and low specificity for hr‐HPV infection. Apart from HPV16, this study also found that HPV33 is a major pathogenic genotype.
Numerical solutions and simulations of the fractional COVID‐19 model via Pell–Lucas collocation algorithm
Authors: Yıldırım Gamze , Yüzbaşı Şuayip
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to present the evolution of COVID‐19 pandemic in Turkey. For this, the SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Removed) model with the fractional order derivative is employed. By applying the collocation method via the Pell–Lucas polynomials (PLPs) to this model, the approximate solutions of model with fractional order derivative are obtained. Hence, the comments are made about the susceptible population, the infected population, and the recovered population. For the method, firstly, PLPs are expressed in matrix form for a selected number of
. With the help of this matrix relationship, the matrix forms of each term in the SIR model with the fractional order derivative are constituted. For implementation and visualization, we utilize MATLAB. Moreover, the outcomes for the Runge–Kutta method (RKM) are obtained using MATLAB, and these results are compared with the results obtained with the Pell–Lucas collocation method (PLCM). From all simulations, it is concluded that the presented method is effective and reliable.