bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Komponen Kepemimpinan Transformasional
Authors: Yuli  , Patoni Achmad , Maunah Binti
Published: January 2025

Lembaga pendidikan Islam sebagai sebuah organisasi, sangat membutuhkan figur kepemimpinan yang efektif dan transformatif agar bisa melakukan suatu perubahan yang nyata dalam mencapai tujuan demi kemajuan dan peningkatan mutu layanannya. Salah satu model kepemimpinan yang terlihat mampu mewujudkan perubahan yang positif bagi sebuah organisasi/lembaga pendidikan Islam dalam memberikan layanan sosial dan pendidikan yaitu kepemimpinan Transformasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi pustaka/library research dengan melakukan studi literatur yang sesuai dengan pokok bahasan. Tujuan dalam tulisan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan konsep dasar kepemimpinan Transformasional dalam pendidikan Islam, dan mendeskripsikan komponen-komponen dalam kepemimpinan Transformasional pendidikan Islam. Hasil dan Pembahasan kepemimpinan Transformasional merupakan pencipta dan pencetus pemikiran dan visi yang baru dalam kehidupan organisasi, walaupun masih banyak pandangan tentang makna dari kepemimpinan Transformasional tersebut, secara umum dapat dimaknai sebagai agen suatu perubahan; Komponen kepemimpinan Transformasional yaitu kharismatik, stimulasi intelektual, pertimbangan individu, dan motivasi inspirasi.
Strategi Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Melalui Program Unggulan di SMK Kiyai Mojo Tembelang Jombang
Authors: Syafi’i Khoerun Syafi’i , Ikwandi Muhamad Ripin Ikwandi
Published: January 2025

The quality of the school is described in the learning programs that become a brand to be offered to thecommunity as users of the educational services provided by the school. The research aims to describe theprincipal’s strategy in improving the quality of education in schools through superior school programs.This research was carried out at Kiyai Mojo Vocational School, Tembelang, Jombang, which implementsa superior program based on life skills, namely integrated agriculture sab’ul matsani. Sab’ul Matsaniintegrated agriculture is a program that includes farming, gardening and livestock activities. This researchmethod is qualitative, the research was carried out by interviews with school principals and teachers,then direct observation or observation, and documentation. Then the data obtained was collected andthen recorded in the form of field notes and interview transcripts before being reduced and presented. Theoutput of the Sab’ul Matsani integrated agricultural program is to provide students or santri with theopportunity to learn how to make, plan and implement processes. Not only is knowledge of processingagricultural products gained, but the process of growth and development of processed materials is alsostudied. It is hoped that the Sab’ul Matsani integrated agricultural program will provide readiness to faceworld challenges after graduating from school and Islamic boarding school. The results of the research showthat the superior Sab’ul Matsani integrated agricultural program can have a good impact on improving thequality of school education
Mengimplementasikan Prinsip Penuntun Sekolah Dalam Menejemen Perubahan
Authors: Setiawan Ahmad Bagas , Prabowo Galuh
Published: January 2025

Education is one means of maintaining the survival of a nation. Quality education produces people who have superior skills and abilities who are able to advance the country. To achieve a goal, implementation is very important. Everyone needs to put their thinking into practice to achieve their goals. Change scan be handled and the legitimacy and function of the organization guaranteed by incorporating this information. Formal education in schools seeks to create unique human beings by encouraging the intellectual growth of students, thereby increasing the general level of intelligence in the country. The aim of this article is to change and provide principles for every teacher to educate students so that students grow more and can know their direction during the learning process. This research uses a qualitative method with a narrative design, this method is used to create a picture or describe the implementation of school guiding principles in managing change for students. to collect detailed actual information that describes existing symptoms, identifies existing problems or looks at prevailing conditions and practices. from the results of this research is that teachers To be able to treat children appropriately and help them develop better behavior in the future, teachers must be aware of their initial abilities. Teachers must be able to encourage students to be able to think critically and creatively. the relationship between students' critical thinking and cognitive development. Teachers must adapt learning methods to the different characters of each child and their different abilities. Education can build a person's character and personality to be better in life and relationships as a member of society
Strategi Pendidikan Islam di Era Digital
Authors: Habibulloh Muh , Ali Himad
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate effective Islamic education strategies in the digital era. In the context of globalization and technological advancement, Islamic education needs to face new challenges and harness the potential of digital technology to improve the quality of learning and the application of Islamic values. This abstract presents the background, objectives, research methods, findings and potential implications of this study. The digital age offers various opportunities and challenges in Islamic education. Digital technologies, such as computers, the internet, mobile devices, and social media, have changed the way we learn and interact with knowledge. The purpose of this study was to identify effective Islamic education strategies in the digital era, focusing on the use of technology in enhancing religious understanding, student engagement, and the application of Islamic values in daily life. This research uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through a literature review.
The Impact of Islamic Values-Based Management on Educational Quality in Islamic Schools
Authors: Rahman Siti Fatinnah Binti Abd , Smith Jhon
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the role of Islamic values-based management in enhancing the quality of education in Islamic schools. The research explores how principles rooted in Islamic ethics—such as honesty, responsibility, discipline, and compassion—can significantly impact the academic and moral development of students. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, this study analyzes data from surveys conducted with teachers, students, and administrators across several Islamic schools, alongside qualitative interviews to provide deeper insights into the lived experiences of participants within these environments. The findings reveal a positive correlation between Islamic values-based management and educational quality, demonstrating that schools prioritizing these values see improvements in student engagement, academic achievement, and character development. The research also discusses the implications for educational administrators and policy-makers, emphasizing the importance of incorporating Islamic ethical frameworks into school management practices. Recommendations include enhanced teacher training on Islamic values, curriculum development that integrates ethical teachings, and active parental involvement to reinforce these values both in and out of the school setting. The study concludes that Islamic values-based management offers a holistic approach to education that not only fulfills academic standards but also supports the moral and ethical growth of students, aligning with the comprehensive goals of Islamic education.
Antibiotic exposure enriches streptococci carrying resistance genes in periodontitis plaque biofilms
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhen Min , Wang Xiaochen , Zhao FengXiang , Dong Yang , Wang Xiaoya , Gao Shengtao , Wang Jinfeng , Shi Wenyu , Zhang Yifei
Published: January 2025

Background

Periodontitis is not always satisfactorily treated with conventional scaling and root planing, and adjunctive use of antibiotics is required in clinical practice. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to understand the diversity and the antibiotic resistance of subgingival microbiota when exposed to different antibiotics.

Materials and Methods

In this study, subgingival plaques were collected from 10 periodontitis patients and 11 periodontally healthy volunteers, and their microbiota response to selective pressure of four antibiotics (amoxicillin, metronidazole, clindamycin, and tetracycline) were evaluated through 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic sequencing analysis. Additionally, sensitive and resistant strains were isolated and cultured in vitro for resistance evaluation.

Results

Cultivation of subgingival microbiota revealed the oral microbiota from periodontitis patients were more resistant to antibiotics than that of healthy. Significant differences were also observed for the microbial community between with and without antibiotics (especially amoxicillin and tetracycline) treated in periodontitis group.

Conclusion

Overall, after the two antibiotics (amoxicillin and tetracycline) exposed, the oral subgingival microbiota in periodontitis patients exhibited different diversity and composition. Streptococcus may account for oral biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance in periodontitis. This provides information for personalized treatment of periodontitis.
Analfabetismo financiero en Chile y pensiones: propuesta para mejorar la Educación Financiera, con foco en el ahorro previsional y mujeres
Authors:   , Pavisic Véliz Javiera
Published: January 2025

El presente documento examina el analfabetismo financiero en Chile, un problema que afecta significativamente la capacidad de la población para tomar decisiones informadas sobre su ahorro previsional. Este desafío, esencial para garantizar una jubilación digna, pone de manifiesto cómo el bajo nivel de educación financiera impacta negativamente la planificación del retiro y el monto final de las pensiones.Se inicia con una revisión de la literatura que demuestra la correlación positiva entre una mayor educación financiera, una mejor planificación del retiro y un aumento en el monto esperado de las pensiones. También se destacan casos exitosos de países que han logrado alfabetizar financieramente a su población. A pesar de esta evidencia, en Chile no se han implementado políticas públicas efectivas en esta área. Los resultados de la prueba PISA de Alfabetización Financiera y diversas encuestas nacionales reflejan que una proporción alarmante de la población carece de conocimientos básicos sobre conceptos financieros, lo que contribuye a decisiones subóptimas en la gestión de ahorros.El diagnóstico identifica las causas del analfabetismo financiero y analiza los resultados de las iniciativas educativas en esta materia. Se enfatiza la necesidad de modificar la Estrategia Nacional de Educación Financiera para incluir un componente previsional que no solo transmita conocimientos, sino que también modifique actitudes y comportamientos hacia el ahorro. A nivel general, se proponen seis componentes clave, mientras que, a nivel particular, se diseña una intervención dirigida a mujeres, un grupo que enfrenta desafíos específicos en la planificación de su futuro financiero.La intervención específica para mujeres se presenta con objetivos claros, componentes definidos, metodología de evaluación, instrumentos de recolección de datos y resultados esperados. Este enfoque busca no solo educar financieramente, sino también empoderar a las participantes para tomar decisiones informadas que beneficien su seguridad económica a largo plazo.En conclusión, el documento destaca la urgencia de abordar el analfabetismo financiero en Chile mediante políticas públicas que fortalezcan la educación financiera y previsional. Estas medidas no solo mejorarían la calidad de vida de la población, sino que también contribuirían a un sistema de pensiones más sostenible.
Del control a la mejora: implementación y uso del Sistema de Monitoreo y evaluación de programas en la administración pública chilena
Authors:   , Bau Villarroel Ignacio Felipe
Published: January 2025

La presente investigación analiza la implementación y uso del Sistema de Monitoreo y Evaluación (M&E) en la administración pública chilena, centrándose en dos aspectos fundamentales: cómo las instituciones organizan y conducen las funciones de M&E, y cómo la información generada efectivamente influye en la toma de decisiones. A través de un estudio de casos múltiples y criticos que examina la implementación del sistema en cuatro subsecretarías (Educación, Culturas y Artes, Prevención del Delito, y Servicios Sociales), la investigación identifica factores críticos que contribuyen a una implementación efectiva del sistema y documenta tensiones estructurales que limitan su potencial como herramienta de mejora de la gestión pública. Los hallazgos revelan tres modelos principales de organización institucional: centralizado, distribuido e híbrido, cada uno con características y fortalezas distintivas. La efectividad de estos modelos depende significativamente de factores como la ubicación estratégica de las funciones de M&E en la estructura organizacional, la estabilidad del personal técnico, y el desarrollo de sistemas propios de gestión de información. Sin embargo, la investigación también identifica tensiones importantes en la vinculación entre evidencia y toma de decisiones, particularmente en el balance entre control y aprendizaje institucional. Entre las contribuciones más significativas del estudio destaca la identificación de prácticas institucionales innovadoras que han permitido trascender el mero cumplimiento formal para desarrollar capacidades efectivas de gestión basada en evidencia. El análisis sugiere que el fortalecimiento del sistema requiere evolucionar desde un enfoque centrado en el control hacia uno que equilibre mejor la supervisión con el desarrollo de capacidades institucionales y el aprendizaje organizacional. Las recomendaciones priorizan tres líneas de acción para el Departamento de Monitoreo de Programas Sociales: fortalecer su rol como facilitador técnico, desarrollar capacidades institucionales diferenciadas, y mejorar los sistemas de retroalimentación. A nivel sistémico, se proponen intervenciones en los ámbitos institucional, operativo y cultural, orientadas a potenciar el uso efectivo de la información evaluativa para la mejora de la gestión pública.La investigación concluye que el fortalecimiento del Sistema M&E requiere trascender mejoras puramente técnicas para abordar desafíos más profundos de cultura organizacional y gestión del conocimiento. Los casos estudiados demuestran que es posible desarrollar capacidades institucionales robustas cuando existe un balance adecuado entre requerimientos centrales y adaptación local, ofreciendo lecciones valiosas para el perfeccionamiento del sistema en su conjunto.
El paciente como educador: revisión narrativa del estado del arte en educación para profesionales de la salud
Authors:   , Bobadilla Bermúdez Lucas Matías
Published: January 2025

Introducción: Explorar el impacto de la participación de las comunidades y los pacientes como educadores (PEs) en las carreras de salud, es una forma prometedora de involucrarlos activamente en el proceso de aprendizaje, respetar su autonomía y conectar la academia con las necesidades de la población. Sin embargo, la multitud de experiencias y los cambios de las poblaciones en el tiempo suponen un desafío para determinar las tendencias en educación y planificar futuras intervenciones educativas. Objetivo: Describir el estado del arte del paciente como educador en la formación de profesionales de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó una Revisión del Estado del Arte (SotA). Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda y síntesis de la literatura basados en el modelo de seis etapas propuesto por Barry y colbs, considerando estudios publicados en los últimos diez años. Resultados: La participación de PEs y comunidades en educación para ciencias de la salud tiene un impacto positivo tanto a nivel de estudiantes, pacientes e institucional. Esto se ve reflejado en la evaluación de competencias y en la satisfacción de los participantes. La mayoría de las experiencias reportadas se concentran en países del hemisferio norte. Actualmente los esfuerzos se dirigen hacia establecer mecanismos institucionales que faciliten la incorporación de representación de los usuarios de servicios de salud en los procesos de planificación curricular. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los reportes se concentran en experiencias acotadas con gran variabilidad. Conclusiones: Es necesario establecer una serie de mecanismos formales a nivel institucional, con el fin de facilitar la incorporación de los pacientes en educación de profesionales de salud. Estos mecanismos deben velar por el bienestar de todas los participantes y sustentarse en una base ético-legal sólida para establecer fuertes lazos que conecten la realidad académica con las necesidades de la población. Para ello proponemos una serie de recomendaciones con el objetivo de sentar las bases para futuras intervenciones.
TRAYECTORIAS DE CAMBIO: Desde las características del paciente y del terapeuta
Authors:   , Fuentes Cerda Valeria
Published: January 2025

Este estudio describe las trayectorias de cambio psíquico observadas desde la perspectiva del paciente en sus primeras seis sesiones de psicoterapia y la relación de esas trayectorias con la duración y resultados de la psicoterapia, y diferentes características del paciente y de su terapeuta que predicen cada trayectoria. Para esto se utilizaron el modelo mixto de crecimiento con clases latentes (Growth Mixture Modeling- GMM, Muthén, 2004; Muthén & Muthén, 2000) y el análisis de regresión multinominal en una muestra de 400 pacientes, quienes describieron su funcionamiento psicológico con el Cuestionario de Resultados 30.2, (Outcome Questionnaire, OQ-30.2, Errázuriz, Opazo, Behn, Silva & Glogger, 2017). Coincidente con estudios previos se logran describir tres trayectorias de cambio psíquico: a) Disfunción inicial moderada con leve cambio desfavorable, b) Disfunción inicial leve con cambio favorable, y c) Disfunción inicial elevada con rápido cambio favorable. La relación de estas tres trayectorias de cambio y las variables predictivas muestra una relación significativa respecto de la edad del paciente, donde a mayor edad aumenta la probabilidad de pertenecer al primer grupo (disfunción inicial moderada con leve cambio desfavorable). Se concluye que existe elevada heterogeneidad en el cambio que despliegan los pacientes en psicoterapia con tres grupos característicos. Un amplio grupo que mejora en forma lenta y progresiva, y dos grupos que muestran formas contrapuestas de cambio, siendo uno de mejoría rápida y temprana, mientras el otro aumenta su disfunción lenta y progresivamente. Futuras investigaciones debiesen incorporar otras medidas de cambio, como alianza terapéutica y cambio del paciente visto desde otros informantes, así como información acerca de las razones del egreso y medidas de seguimiento que ayuden a desentrañar lo que incide en estas diferentes trayectorias de cambio en psicoterapia.
Predictores de bienestar en una muestra de estudiantes de educación superior técnico-profesional en Chile: una aproximación basada en machine learning
Authors:   , Hughes Olmedo Emily Ann
Published: January 2025

Este estudio tiene como objetivo desarrollar y validar un modelo predictivo del bienestar en estudiantes de educación técnico-profesional superior (ETPS) en Chile, una población con desafíos únicos dados sus contextos socioeconómicos y educativos específicos. Mediante un análisis secundario de datos censales del Duoc UC, se utilizó la técnica de regresión LASSO para identificar predictores clave entre variables sociodemográficas, psicológicas, educativas y de estilo de vida. Los resultados destacan que el apoyo social familiar y de amistades, estrategias de afrontamiento activo y la ausencia de problemas de autoestima y salud personal son los predictores más relevantes del bienestar. Por otro lado, el estrés percibido, la procrastinación y síntomas clínicos según el DSM-5 emergen como factores negativos significativos. Estos hallazgos subrayan la relevancia de la interacción entre factores emocionales, contextuales y sociales en la experiencia del bienestar estudiantil. Este enfoque no solo considera la ausencia de psicopatología, sino que integra recursos personales y contextuales que promueven la resiliencia y el afrontamiento positivo. La metodología aplicada asegura precisión y simplicidad en la identificación de variables relevantes, destacando la utilidad de herramientas de machine learning en investigaciones de gran escala. Este estudio aporta evidencia relevante para el diseño de futuras intervenciones y políticas públicas que mejoren el bienestar integral de los estudiantes ETPS, promoviendo prácticas educativas más inclusivas y adaptadas a sus necesidades. Así, se contribuye a un entendimiento más profundo del bienestar en un grupo usualmente subrepresentado en la literatura científica.
Occurrence and Characterization of Residues and Contaminants in Shrimp and Fish Samples from Aquaculture and Wild Capture in Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Mery Ellen da Rocha , Silva Felyphe Feliciano , Rauecker Úrsula Nunes , Coelho Nástia Rosa Almeida , Lopes Mariana Moreira , Pádua Delma Machado Cantisane , Almeida Ana Maria de Souza , Nascente Eduardo de Paula
Published: January 2025

The consumption of fish is a regular dietary habit among Brazilians, as it represents a significant protein source for the population. However, the emerging presence of residues and contaminants in fish meat has proven to be a substantial public health risk, contributing to cases of human intoxication and resulting in irreversible damage, including gastrointestinal, neurological, and endocrine disorders. This study aimed to conduct a retrospective analysis based on data retrieved from reports published on the official website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA) over the past 14 years. The objective was to evaluate the occurrence and characterization of contaminants in shrimp and fish from aquaculture and wild capture in Brazil. The analyzed documents comprised results from the National Residues and Contaminants Plan (PNCRC/Animal) between 2010 and 2023. Residues were monitored according to criteria such as toxicity levels and population exposure potential. Over the 13 years of monitoring under the PNCRC, more than 12,000 samples were analyzed. Non-compliance was identified in 189 samples, distributed among the following classes of substances: inorganic contaminants, antibiotics, dyes, and insecticides. The class of inorganic contaminants accounted for the highest percentage of violations among non-compliant samples, representing approximately 90% of the cases. These findings underscore the importance of the PNCRC/Animal in ensuring the availability of safe food for the Brazilian population while mitigating the harmful impacts on human health.
Spatial Analysis of the Impact of Leachate on Groundwater around Sukosari Open Dumping, Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sanjaya Zabilla Tomy , Ramelan Ari Handono , Hidayat Agung
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted to determine the impact of leachate pollution from landfills on the quality of well water around them and to map the leachate distribution. A total of eight sample locations were taken for laboratory testing, of the eight samples one was taken at the leachate outlet and the others were taken from wells around the Landfill. Laboratory tests were conducted to analyze the parameters of Potential Hydrogen (Ph), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe). The results of the test show that the pH and mercury parameters do not exceed the quality standards, however, other parameters such as BOD, COD, TSS, CD, PB, and FE show values ​​that exceed the quality standards. The standard for drinking water quality is based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Regulation of the Minister of Health (PERMENKES) of the Republic of Indonesia No. 02 of 2023 and PP No. 22 of 2021. The data creates a pollution distribution map showing areas with significant contamination levels. This finding indicates a significant influence of activities at the landfill on the quality of the surrounding groundwater. This study highlights the importance of proper leachate management to prevent further pollution. And to provide education to the community, especially those who use wells for consumption purposes, to carry out treatment first before consuming.
Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours Towards Sustainable and Green Healthcare Systems: A Scoping Review
Authors: Topcu Onur , Kiraz Emine Didem Evci
Published: January 2025

This scoping review explores the knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, and perspectives of healthcare professionals and students regarding resilient, sustainable, and green healthcare systems. The importance of integrating sustainability into healthcare settings has become increasingly evident due to the sector's significant environmental footprint. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health not only as the absence of disease but as a holistic concept encompassing physical, mental, and social well-being, thus highlighting the need for green healthcare practices supporting individual and environmental health. Awareness of sustainability issues in healthcare has significantly increased; however, a gap persists between knowledge and practical implementation. Studies indicate that healthcare workers and students are aware of the environmental impacts of healthcare practices but face barriers such as insufficient resources, lack of institutional support, and competing priorities. Attitudes toward sustainability, when fostered through leadership and education, are shown to influence behaviour positively. In particular, educational interventions that promote green practices can enhance knowledge and facilitate behavioural change. Challenges such as financial constraints and systemic barriers remain, but opportunities like the adoption of telemedicine and renewable energy offer promising solutions. The scoping review emphasizes the need for integrated education, policy frameworks, and cross-sector collaboration to overcome these barriers and promote sustainable healthcare practices. Future efforts should focus on reducing environmental impacts while improving health outcomes, contributing to both ecological sustainability and better quality of life for individuals.
A Cross-sectional Study Assessing Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Eating Behavior and Parental Quality of Life in Chinese Infants Consuming Goat Milk-Based Formula or Cow’s Milk-Based Formula
Authors: Bunt V. , Goossens D. , Zhong J. , Deng Y. , Xie K. , Ma J. , Wu J. , Wang Z. , Li L. , Li B. , Chen M. , Hou Y. , Lee L. van , Zee L. Van Der
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms affect approximately half of infants and can adversely impact infants’ and parents’ quality of life. In this cross-sectional study, infants fed goat milk-based infant formula (GMF) and infants fed cow’s milk-based infant formula (CMF) were compared regarding milk-related symptoms, eating behavior and their parents’ quality of life (QOL).
Methods: Healthy Chinese infants aged <6 months, who were either exclusively GMF- (n=303) or CMF-fed (n=464), were included. Parents completed four questionnaires: Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS®), Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (IGSQ), World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire, and Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ). Composite scores were compared between infants consuming GMF and CMF using Poisson regression or ANCOVA models.
Results: Infants, mean age 87.8 days, scored low on overall CoMiSS® (median 2, IQR 0-4) and IGSQ (median 16, IQR 14-20), indicating low occurrence of symptoms. The overall CoMiSS® was lower in GMF-fed infants compared to CMF-fed infants (p<0.001), specifically driven by crying (p=0.006), skin eczema (p=0.014) and urticaria (p=0.039). Parents of GMF-fed infants experienced better QOL regarding social relationships compared to parents of CMF-fed infants (p=0.038). Differences in eating behavior were seen in food responsiveness (p=0.003) and slowness in eating (p=0.005). No differences were seen on total IGSQ and total WHO-QOL.
Conclusions: Both infants consuming GMF and CMF showed normal scores on GI symptoms, eating behavior and their parents’ quality of life. Infants consuming GMF experience less milk-related symptoms than infants consuming CMF, based on lower CoMiSS® scores.
Effects of PGR and Media on Survivality and Growth of Papaya Seedlings
Authors: Pareek Sharmila , Yadav Puspha , Yadav Vaibhav , Pareek Dinesh , Mugal Farjana , Neetu  , Kalia Naresh
Published: January 2025

The study aims to explore the optimal conditions for the successful germination and growth of papaya seedlings through the application of various growth media and plant growth regulators. Papaya is a tropical fruit with significant economic and nutritional importance, and its successful propagation is crucial for improving crop yields and enhancing profitability for farmers. The research investigates how different plant growth regulators such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins, in combination with various growth media, influence the germination rate, seedling vigor, and post-transplant survival rate of papaya seedlings. By conducting controlled experiments, the study seeks to determine the most effective treatment combinations that result in enhanced seedling growth, improved germination percentages, and higher survival rates after transplanting. Through the statistical analysis of the data, the research provides valuable insights into the physiological responses of papaya seedlings to different growth conditions. The findings from this study not only contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable papaya cultivation practices but also offer broader implications for the propagation of other economically important crops.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Complexes of Mg(II) and Cu(II) Ions with N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) Acetamide
Authors: Smajlagić Aida , Srabović Majda , Huremović Melita , Ademović Zahida , Pehlić Ekrem
Published: January 2025

N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide or paracetamol is an acylated aromatic amide used as analgesic and antipyretic to relieve pain and reduce body temperature. In medicinal chemistry, there is a growing interest in the development of drugs based on metal complexes, which are of great importance in therapeutic and diagnostic possibilities. Selected metals, magnesium and copper are elements that are extremely important for the human body. In this research, complexes of Mg(II) and Cu(II)-ions with N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide were synthesized and confirmed with FTIR, UV and MS spectroscopy. The results of the analysis of the synthesized complexes spectra indicate interactions between N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide and metal Mg(II)-ions and Cu (II)-ions via O-donor and N-donor atoms.
Up-scaling Fodder Oats (Avena sativa L.) Production through Adoptive Research: Evidence from North-western Himalayas
Authors: Mubarak Tasneem , Shakoor A. , Haseeb-ur-Rehman  , Shergojry Shahid Ahmad , Mir Shabir A
Published: January 2025

Fodder deficit during lean period is one the major challenges animal husbandry has been facing in the hills. This impacts the animal health as well as the productivity. Newly developed high yielding varieties and related package of practice proved beneficial in increasing fodder yield through enhancement in productivity. Keeping this in view, 144 front-line demonstrations were conducted on three new varieties (SKO-20;SKO-91;SKO-96) of fodder oat and related crop management (Improved Practice) during the rabi seasons of 2017-18 to 2021-22 in farmers’ participatory mode. The study revealed that Improved practice gave an additional yield of 66.6 q ha-1, of green fodder and yield (432.4 q ha-1) was 18.4 % higher in than farmers’ practice (63.9 q ha-1). An extension gap of 66.6 q ha-1 and a technology gap of 67.6 q ha-1 were observed in the study. Net returns were Rs. 44359 ha-1 in farmers practice against Rs.52470 ha-1 in improved practice. An additional income of Rs. 7981 ha-1 and effective gain of Rs. 6293 ha-1 were recorded in improved practice.
Incident COVID-19 and Hospitalizations by Variant Era Among Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Chiang Teresa Po-Yu , Abedon Aura T. , Alejo Jennifer L. , Segev Dorry L. , Massie Allan B. , Werbel William A.
Published: August 2023

This cohort study evaluates the incidence of COVID-19 and hospitalizations across variant eras in 2021 and 2022 among vaccinated solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.
Extraction, Liquid–Liquid
Authors: Stevens Geoffrey W. , Lo Teh C. , Baird Malcolm H. I.
Published: August 2023

Liquid–liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction, is a well established separation technique that depends on the unequal distribution of a solute between two immiscible liquids.

The physics, chemistry, and practice of extraction, are described and important industrial extraction processes and equipment are reviewed, including petroleum and petrochemical processes, pharmaceutical processes, food processing, nuclear fuel reprocessing, and extraction of metallic and nonmetallic compounds. Research on hydrodynamic aspects of process design, eg, axial mixing, drop dispersion, and coalescence, is also discussed.
Accountability
Authors: Klusmeyer Douglas B.
Published: August 2023

Accountability is an elastic and contested concept. At its core, accountability means being answerable for one's action, that is, to be expected to give reasons for it. To be answerable entails that one's conduct is subject to scrutiny. For accountability to be effective, scrutiny needs some link with the allocation of rewards and sanctions (Bovens 2007).
Adams, John (1735–1826)
Authors: Weiner Greg
Published: August 2023

The political thought of John Adams – intellectual leader of the American Revolution, theorist of American constitutionalism, diplomat, and second president of the United States – is concerned with preserving liberty and self‐government through representation, bicameralism, and a mixed regime. His “Novanglus” essays and the pamphlet “Thoughts on Government” during the revolutionary period, as well as his book‐length treatises
Discourses on Davila
and the multivolume
Defence of the Constitutions of the United States
during the early years of independence, make him perhaps the most systematic political thinker of the founding period, while his service in the Continental Congress, his stints as an envoy to such countries as Holland and Great Britain, and his tenures as vice president and president of the United States make him one of that era's most influential historical figures.
African Political Thought
Authors: Masolo D. A.
Published: August 2023

African political theory has been focused on two major conceptual interests: consolidating the integrity of political boundaries and forging unity among national populations. These issues have proven central even in the periods of dispersion and diaspora and during alternating episodes of violence and peace.
Agamben, Giorgio (1942–)
Authors: Pereyra Guillermo
Published: August 2023

Giorgio Agamben, a philosopher, was born in Rome. He was influenced primarily by Walter Benjamin and Martin Heidegger. The main topics covered by Giorgio Agamben's philosophy are ontology, language, potentiality, community, life, and biopolitics. From his earliest works, both ontology and language have played a central role. Agamben argues that there is an ontological fracture between the merely living being and the speaking being, language and life. This ontological fracture is the basis of his
Homo sacer
project, which studies the origin of western politics. For Agamben, ontology is important to political thought, since, ontology itself is immediately political. The fundamental political fracture is that between the human and the merely living being. Ontology is an “operation” where this relation can emerge. In fact, Agamben asserts that ontology is not an academic discipline, but rather a fundamental human becoming of the living being.
Amnesty
Authors: Mosser Michael
Published: August 2023

Amnesty, in its most general sense, is defined by the
Oxford English Dictionary
as “an act of oblivion, a general overlooking or pardon of past offences, by the ruling authority.” In the contemporary political sense, amnesty is the act of granting forgiveness for political crimes or transgressions committed by an individual against other individuals, groups, or, most notably, the state itself. Technically, amnesty always takes place within the political realm: it is an official act of forgiveness granted by a representative of the state (or other ruling authority) for those convicted of major political offenses. Unlike pardons, then, amnesties are granted by the state to those who have willfully violated the civil compact, and by extension, state sovereignty.
Anabaptists
Authors: Bowden Geoffrey C.
Published: August 2023

Anabaptism serves as an umbrella term for a collection of Christian groups that emerge in Europe in the sixteenth century as a part of the “Radical Reformation,” so named because of the general belief that the mainstream Protestant Reformation, primarily led by Martin Luther, did not go far enough in rejecting the Roman Catholic church, which led to the corruption of the mainstream Reformation itself. Some of the more prominent contemporary manifestations are the Mennonites and the Amish, subgroups each containing multiple variations. While some of the more recognizable doctrines of Anabaptists are “believer's baptism” (only those capable of forming independent beliefs should be eligible for baptism, i.e., no infants) and a “congregational polity” (church policy is determined by the congregation, not the clergy), the most politically relevant is their advocacy of “separat[ion] from the world.”
Anarchism
Authors: Stone Peter
Published: August 2023

Anarchism, like most political ideologies, has long been the subject of vigorous dispute regarding its most fundamental ideals. The ideology gets its name from the Greek wordanarchos, which means “without rulers.” In English, anarchy was used as a term of abuse from at least the sixteenth century, denoting a state of chaos. It was first used in a positive manner by the Frenchman Pierre‐Joseph Proudhon, who described himself as an anarchist in his bookWhat Is Property?(1840). Proudhon, together with Russians Mikhail Bakunin and Peter Kropotkin, are widely regarded as the founding fathers of anarchism as a political ideology, although many anarchists trace the tradition back to the Enlightenment philosopher William Godwin and his bookAn Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, and Its Influence on General Virtue and Happiness(1793). As the term's etymology implies, all anarchists stand opposed to political relationships of command and obedience, and reject the idea that some people ought to rule while others obey. Beyond this, however, the disagreements commence. To understand the sources of these disagreements is to understand anarchism as an ideology.
Anthony, Susan Brownell (1820–1906)
Authors: Perry Elisabeth Israels
Published: August 2023

A major leader of the nineteenth‐century movement for American women's rights, Susan B. Anthony was born in Adams, Massachusetts, to a middle‐class Quaker family. To help her family after the economic downturn of 1837, Anthony worked as a teacher in upstate New York. After joining two of her day's most important reform movements, temperance and antislavery, she became increasingly aware of women's disadvantages. Female teachers earned less than male teachers, married women lacked control over their own property and earnings, and male reformers barred women from speaking at their conventions.
Apartheid
Authors: Beausoleil Emily
Published: August 2023

“Apartheid,” meaning “apartness” in Afrikaans, is the ideology and official system of racial segregation from 1948 to 1994 in South Africa, under the National Party government. Though racial segregation in South Africa began with white settlement in 1652, under the official years of apartheid social custom of segregation and discrimination was systematized into law.
Aquinas, Thomas (1225?–74)
Authors: Cherry Kevin M.
Published: August 2023

Thomas Aquinas was born about 1225 in Roccasecca, Italy, into a prominent family. While receiving the customary education for a young nobleman of his time, he encountered the Dominicans, a new mendicant monastic order focused on preaching. Displeased by his intention to join this order rather than the established and respected Benedictines, his family held him prisoner for two years. Eventually, they accepted his vocation, and he studied at the University of Paris and at Cologne. Studying with Albertus Magnus, he encountered the works of Aristotle, only recently rediscovered by the Christian west.
Arendt, Hannah (1906–75)
Authors: Markell Patchen
Published: August 2023

Hannah Arendt was a German‐Jewish scholar who, after emigrating to the United States during World War II, became one of the most influential and controversial political theorists of the twentieth century. Originally a student of philosophy and theology, Arendt's interest in politics was intensified by the rise of National Socialism, and she made her name with a study of totalitarianism, an unprecedented form of government whose appearance, she would later say, helped to reveal the limits of traditional political philosophy. The topics and genres of Arendt's writing ranged widely, from her dissertation on Augustine and erudite treatises likeThe Human Condition, to essays reflecting on current events such as the publication of the Pentagon Papers or the school desegregation struggle in the American South, to biographical profiles of public figures as different as Bertolt Brecht and Pope John. Across this diverse corpus, Arendt displayed an abiding interest in the prospects for public life in the modern world, as well as a distinctive way of bringing political theory to bear on contemporary problems. Eschewing the personae of expert advisor, utopian visionary, and philosopher‐queen, she was first and foremost an interpreter, diagnosing the ways in which inherited theoretical frameworks obscured the shape and the stakes of current political situations, and crafting new terms through which to parse those situations, often through the transformative (sometimes tendentious) reappropriation of earlier thinkers’ ideas. This approach frequently put Arendt at odds with more than one side of an existing debate, making her difficult to classify and exposing her to an unusual measure of misunderstanding even among her admirers.
Aron, Raymond (1905–83)
Authors: Mahoney Daniel J.
Published: August 2023

Raymond Aron was a distinguished French philosopher, political thinker, social scientist, and journalist. He wrote influential columns for
Le Figaro
(1947–77) and
L'Express
(1978–83) and played a major role in shaping moderate and conservative opinion in France in the years after World War II. Today he is widely acknowledged to be one of the most prominent twentieth‐century representatives of the French tradition of political liberalism. He was profoundly shaped by his experience witnessing the rise of National Socialism in Germany as a student in that country in the early 1930s. As he put it in his 1970 “inaugural address” at the Collège de France, the experience of a civilized country descending into barbarism permanently cured him of “facile progressivism,” the illusion that “history automatically obeys the dictates of reason.” It was during this period that Aron discovered the sociological and historical reflection of the German sociologist Max Weber, whose thought he admired and did so much to introduce into French intellectual circles. But the mature Aron expressed grave doubts about the excessive pathos and “Nietzschean nihilism” that he came to see just beneath the surface of Weber's austere methodological reflections. Aron increasingly turned to an array of thinkers – the political Aristotle, Tocqueville, and Montesquieu among them, who provided a firmer foundation for his own choice of political moderation over fanaticism in its various forms.
Arrow's Impossibility Theorem
Authors: Johnson James
Published: August 2023

Kenneth Arrow (1921–) is an American economist who shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Economics primarily for work published as
Social Choice and Individual Values
. In that work Arrow explored the procedures for reaching collective decisions characteristic of “a capitalist democracy” in contrast to modern authoritarian or traditional theocratic regimes. He reached what – to quote the Nobel committee – is a seemingly “discouraging” conclusion. Specifically, Arrow established that no procedure for aggregating individual values into social decisions can generate a consistent collective choice while simultaneously complying with several minimal normative conditions.
Art and Politics
Authors: Bellhouse Mary
Published: August 2023

Visual art, like power, is productive, not merely reflective or imitative. Art contributes to the production of politically salient subjectivities, affects, and actions. A site of power and struggle, art often functions to support and sustain political regimes. Consider, for example, the Nazi regime's spectacular attempts to use and control art, film, and architecture to support its values. Yet art can also be disruptive, a site of resistance, an outcry of protest.
Assimilation
Authors: Zimmermann Klaus F.
Published: August 2023

Assimilation means striving to become alike. It is a process of convergence of social structures to one dominant structure involving individuals or groups of diverse ethnic or cultural heritages. The concept is typically applied to immigrants adapting to the culture of the host country. In this process, the individuals’ ethnic identity adjusts and they become absorbed into the dominant culture, taking on its characteristics, behaviors, values, and norms. Rooted in American sociology (Simons 1901) assimilation has often been equated with Americanization and the myth of the melting pot.
Astell, Mary (1666–1731)
Authors: Springborg Patricia
Published: August 2023

Mary Astell is famous for her rhetorical question in the 1706 “Preface” to
Reflections upon Marriage
: “If all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?” – words that have earned her a place in the feminist canon. An early advocate of women's causes, Astell's
A Serious Proposal to the Ladies
, advocating a Platonist academy for women, briefly attracted the attention of Queen Anne, and caused her to be satirized by Swift/Steele in the
Tatler
, and by Susanna Centlivre and later Gilbert and Sullivan, as
Princess Ida
, on the stage.
Athenian Democracy
Authors: Gish Dustin A.
Published: August 2023

Human beings living in the ancient Greek polis constituted a body politic, a community bound together by a common regime or way of life (politeia). When domestic and foreign affairs were debated, treaties ratified, coins struck, decrees proclaimed, or laws passed, it was always in the name of “the Athenians” or “the Lakedaimonians” – never in terms of “Athens” or “Sparta.” Active citizens by direct participation formed the free polis. From the end of the sixth century to the last quarter of the fourth century, the regime of the Athenians, with a few brief exceptions, was democracy – the world's first.