bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of the ACE I/D Polymorphism in Selected Public Health-Associated Sporting Modalities: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sommers Lydia , Akam Liz , Hunter David John , Bhatti Jasvinder Singh , Mastana Sarabjit
Published: October 2024

Background: The ACE I/D polymorphism has been suggested to be associated with multiple chronic diseases and sports modalities, which has public health implications for global populations and sport performance. This updated review aims to strengthen the association and identify sporting disciplines that are most influenced by the ACE gene polymorphism using a meta-analysis approach. Methods: Published studies on the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and elite endurance and power were collected until 15 June 2024. The studies on public health-associated sports like running, swimming, and cycling were systematically reviewed following pre-agreed criteria, and a meta-analysis was carried out using different genetic models. Results: A total of 137 studies were identified in the literature search and screened. There was a significant association between elite endurance and the ACE II genotype compared with healthy inactive controls (OR, 1.54; 95%CI, 1.24–1.91) and elite power athletes (OR = 1.56; 95%CI = 1.07–2.28). Specifically, runners and triathletes were associated with the II genotype compared with controls (OR = 1.76; 95%CI = 1.26–2.47; p-value = 0.001 and OR = 2.69; 95%CI = 1.15–6.32, p-value = 0.023, respectively). Additionally, endurance swimmers were associated with the II genotype compared with short-distance, power swimmers (OR = 2.27; 95%CI = 1.49–3.45; p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: The meta-analysis results confirm and strengthen the association between elite endurance and the ACE I/D polymorphism in different sporting modalities, which may have implications for public health and sports participation.
Neuropeptide FF Promotes Neuronal Survival and Enhances Synaptic Protein Expression Following Ischemic Injury
Authors: Choi In-Ae , Yun Ji Hee , Lee Jongmin , Choi Dong-Hee
Published: October 2024

This study explores the neuroprotective effects of neuropeptide FF (NPFF, FLFQPQRFamide) in the context of ischemic injury. Based on transcriptomic analysis in stroke models treated with 5-Aza-dC and task-specific training, we identified significant gene expression changes, particularly involving NPFF. To further explore NPFF’s role in promoting neuronal recovery, recombinant NPFF protein (rNPFF) was used in primary mixed cortical cultures subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation. Our results demonstrated that rNPFF significantly reduced lactate dehydrogenase release, indicating decreased cellular damage. It also significantly increased the expression of TUJ1 and MAP2, markers of neuronal survival and dendritic integrity. Additionally, rNPFF significantly upregulated key synaptic proteins, including GAP43, PSD95, and synaptophysin, which are essential for synaptic repair and plasticity. Post-injury rNPFF treatment led to a significant upregulation of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mature BDNF, which play critical roles in neuronal survival, growth, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, rNPFF activated the protein kinase Cε isoform, Sirtuin 1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathways, which are crucial for regulating cellular stress responses, synaptic plasticity, and energy homeostasis, further promoting neuronal survival and recovery. These findings suggest that rNPFF may play a pivotal role in enhancing neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity after ischemic injury, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for stroke recovery.
Comparative Metabolomics to Unravel the Biochemical Mechanism Associated with Rancidity in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Yogendra Kalenahalli , Sanivarapu Hemalatha , Avuthu Tejaswi , Gupta Shashi Kumar , Durgalla Priyanka , Banerjee Roopa , Raman Anitha , Tyagi Wricha
Published: October 2024

Despite being a highly nutritious and resilient cereal, pearl millet is not popular among consumers and food industries due to the short shelf-life of flour attributed to rapid rancidity development. The biochemical mechanism underlying rancidity, a complex and quantitative trait, needs to be better understood. The present study aims to elucidate the differential accumulation of metabolites in pearl millet that impact the rancidity process. Metabolite profiling was conducted on ten pearl millet genotypes with varying levels of rancidity—comprising high, low, and medium rancid genotypes—utilizing liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) at different accelerated ageing conditions. Through non-targeted metabolomic analysis, crucial metabolites associated with rancidity were identified across various biochemical pathways, including fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerol lipids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Notably, metabolites such as fatty aldehydes, fatty alcohols, fatty esters, fatty acyls, fatty esters, and fatty amides were significantly elevated in high rancid genotypes, indicating their involvement in the rancidity process. These fatty acids-related metabolites further break down into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Four key fatty acids—stearic, palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acid—were quantified in the ten pearl millet genotypes, confirming their role in rancidity development. This investigation promises novel insights into utilizing metabolomics to understand the biochemical processes and facilitate precision breeding for developing low-rancidity pearl millet lines.
Molecular Pathophysiology of Parathyroid Tumorigenesis—The Lesson from a Rare Disease: The “MEN1 Model”
Authors: Brunetti Alessandro , Cosso Roberta , Vescini Fabio , Falchetti Alberto
Published: October 2024

Primary hyperparathyroidism represents the third most prevalent endocrine disease in the general population, consisting of an excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone from one or, more frequently, more of the parathyroid glands, leading to a dysregulation of calcium homeostasis. Schematically, its development occurs primarily by pathophysiological events with genetic mutation, at the germline and/or somatic level, that favor the neoplastic transformation of parathyroid cells and promote their aberrant proliferation, and mutations determining the shift in the PTH “set-point”, thus interfering with the normal pathways of PTH secretion and leading to a “resetting” of Ca2+-dependent PTH secretion or to a secretion of PTH insensitive to changes in extracellular Ca2+ levels. Familial syndromic and non-syndromic forms of primary hyperparathyroidism are responsible for approximately 2–5% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases and most of them are inherited forms. The history of the genetic/molecular studies of parathyroid tumorigenesis associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN1) represents an interesting model to understand genetic–epigenetic–molecular aspects underlying the pathophysiology of primary hyperparathyroidism, both in relation to syndromic and non-syndromic forms. This minireview aims to take a quick and simplified look at the MEN1-associated parathyroid tumorigenesis, focusing on the molecular underlying mechanisms. Clinical, epidemiological, and observational studies, as well as specific guidelines, molecular genetics studies, and reviews, have been considered. Only studies submitted to PubMed in the English language were included, without time constraints.
Epigenetic Regulation of CXC Chemokine Expression by Environmental Electrophiles Through DNA Methyltransferase Inhibition
Authors: Tsuchida Tomoki , Kubota Sho , Kamiuezono Shizuki , Takasugi Nobumasa , Ito Akihiro , Kumagai Yoshito , Uehara Takashi
Published: October 2024

Ubiquitously distributed environmental electrophiles covalently modify DNA and proteins, potentially leading to adverse health effects. However, the impacts of specific electrophiles on target proteins and their physiological roles remain largely unknown. In the present study, we focused on DNA methylation, which regulates gene expression and physiological responses. A total of 45 environmental electrophiles were screened for inhibitory effects on the activity of DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B), a key enzyme in DNA methylation, and four compounds were identified. We focused on 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), an air pollutant whose toxicity has been reported previously. Interestingly, we found that 1,2-NQ modified multiple lysine and histidine residues in DNMT3B, one of which was near the active site in DNMT3B. It was found that 1,2-NQ altered gene expression and evoked inflammatory responses in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, we found that 1,2-NQ upregulated CXCL8 expression through DNA demethylation of the distal enhancer and promoted cancer cell growth. Our study reveals novel mechanisms of epigenetic regulation by environmental electrophiles through the inhibition of DNMT3B activity and suggests their physiological impact.
Exploring Black Soybean Extract Cream for Inflammatory Dermatitis—Toward Radiation Dermatitis Relief
Authors: Lee Hsin-Hua , Huang Yu-Hsiang , Huang Joh-Jong , Huang Ming-Yii
Published: October 2024

We aimed to evaluate the effect of black soybean extract cream (BSEC) on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced dermatitis in murine models mimicking inflammatory dermatitis observed in humans. In this DNCB-induced model, BALB/c mice were spread with 100 μL of 2% DNCB twice a week for two weeks to induce skin inflammation on the shaved back skin; then, a placebo or BSEC that consisted of the volatile fraction derived from the seeds of Glycine max (L.) Merr. was applied to the DNCB-sensitized mice for 7 days. Gross visual analysis was conducted to assess the impact of BSEC on dermatitis, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was subsequently performed to detect inflammatory cytokines in the presence or absence of BSEC after DNCB sensitization. Lastly, the possible mechanisms responsible for the effects of BSEC on inflammatory dermatitis were investigated in a human leukemia monocytic cell line, THP-1. Our study showed that BSEC displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. BSEC has the ability to diminish dermatitis, and all three experiments demonstrated that BSEC effectively reduced the progression of dermatitis while significantly suppressing inflammatory responses in the preclinical models. Consequently, BSEC exhibited promising phytotherapy for inflammatory dermatitis, potentially attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
MDH2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth Through Ferroptosis Evasion via Stabilizing GPX4
Authors: Yu Wenjia , Li Yingping , Gao Chengchang , Li Donglin , Chen Liangjie , Dai Bolei , Yang Haoying , Han Linfen , Deng Qinqin , Bian Xueli
Published: October 2024

The crosstalk between tumor progression and ferroptosis is largely unknown. Here, we identify malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) as a key regulator of ferroptosis. MDH2 deficiency inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and enhances their sensitivity to ferroptosis induced by RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3), a compound known to cause ferroptosis. MDH2 knock-down enhances RSL3-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species, free iron ions and lipid per-oxides levels, leading to HCC ferroptotic cell death which is rescued by ferrostatin-1 and iron chelator deferiprone. Importantly, the inhibition of HCC cell growth caused by MDH2 deficiency is partially rescued by ferroptosis blockade. Mechanistically, MDH2 resists RSL3-induced ferroptosis sensitivity dependent on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), an enzyme responsible for scavenging lipid peroxides, which is stabilized by MDH2 in HCC. The protein expressions of MDH2 and GPX4 are positively correlated with each other in HCC cell lines. Furthermore, through our UALCAN website analysis, we found that MDH2 and GPX4 are highly expressed in HCC samples. These findings reveal a critical mechanism by which HCC evades ferroptosis via MDH2-mediated stabilization of GPX4 to promote tumor progression and underscore the potential of MDH2 inhibition in combi-nation with ferroptosis inducers for the treatment of HCC.
Beta-Adrenergic Activation of the Inward Rectifier K+ Current Is Mediated by the CaMKII Pathway in Canine Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kovács Zsigmond Máté , Horváth Balázs , Dienes Csaba , Óvári József , Kiss Dénes , Hézső Tamás , Szentandrássy Norbert , Magyar János , Bányász Tamás , Nánási Péter Pál
Published: October 2024

Several ion currents in the mammalian ventricular myocardium are substantially regulated by the sympathetic nervous system via β-adrenergic receptor activation, including the slow delayed rectifier K+ current and the L-type calcium current. This study investigated the downstream mechanisms of β-adrenergic receptor stimulation by isoproterenol (ISO) on the inward rectifier (IK1) and the rapid delayed rectifier (IKr) K+ currents using action potential voltage clamp (APVC) and conventional voltage clamp techniques in isolated canine left ventricular cardiomyocytes. IK1 and IKr were dissected by 50 µM BaCl2 and 1 µM E-4031, respectively. Acute application of 10 nM ISO significantly increased IK1 under the plateau phase of the action potential (0–+20 mV) using APVC, and similar results were obtained with conventional voltage clamp. However, β-adrenergic receptor stimulation did not affect the peak current density flowing during terminal repolarization or the overall IK1 integral. The ISO-induced enhancement of IK1 was blocked by the calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN-93 (1 µM) but not by the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 (3 µM). Neither KN-93 nor H-89 affected the IK1 density under baseline conditions (in the absence of ISO). In contrast, parameters of the IKr current were not affected by β-adrenergic receptor stimulation with ISO. These findings suggest that sympathetic activation enhances IK1 in canine left ventricular cells through the CaMKII pathway, while IKr remains unaffected under the experimental conditions used.
Special Issue: Molecular Advance on Reproduction and Fertility of Aquatic Animals
Authors: Qiao Hui , Jiang Sufei , Fu Hongtuo
Published: October 2024

Many commercial aquatic animals are cultured in a variety of countries and regions [...]
Link Between Individual Codon Frequencies and Protein Expression: Going Beyond Codon Adaptation Index
Authors: Zaytsev Konstantin , Bogatyreva Natalya , Fedorov Alexey
Published: October 2024

An important role of a particular synonymous codon composition of a gene in its expression level is well known. There are a number of algorithms optimizing codon usage of recombinant genes to maximize their expression in host cells. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains unsolved and is of significant relevance. In the realm of modern biotechnology, directing protein production to a specific level is crucial for metabolic engineering, genome rewriting and a growing number of other applications. In this study, we propose two new simple statistical and empirical methods for predicting the protein expression level from the nucleotide sequence of the corresponding gene: Codon Expression Index Score (CEIS) and Codon Productivity Score (CPS). Both of these methods are based on the influence of each individual codon in the gene on the overall expression level of the encoded protein and the frequencies of isoacceptors in the species. Our predictions achieve a correlation level of up to r = 0.7 with experimentally measured quantitative proteome data of Escherichia coli, which is superior to any previously proposed methods. Our work helps understand how codons determine protein abundances. Based on these methods, it is possible to design proteins optimized for expression in a particular organism.
Exploring the Contrasts and Similarities of Dengue and SARS-CoV-2 Infections During the COVID-19 Era
Authors: García Alexis Hipólito , De Sanctis Juan Bautista
Published: October 2024

Extensive research has been conducted on the SARS-CoV-2 virus in association with various infectious diseases to understand the pathophysiology of the infection and potential co-infections. In tropical countries, exposure to local viruses may alter the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and coinfection. Notably, only a portion of the antibodies produced against SARS-CoV-2 proteins demonstrate neutralizing properties, and the immune response following natural infection tends to be temporary. In contrast, long-lasting IgG antibodies are common after dengue virus infections. In cases where preexisting antibodies from an initial dengue virus infection bind to a different dengue serotype during a subsequent infection, there is a potential for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and the formation of immune complexes associated with disease severity. Both SARS-CoV-2 and dengue infections can result in immunodeficiency. Viral proteins of both viruses interfere with the host’s IFN-I signaling. Additionally, a cytokine storm can occur after viral infection, impairing a proper response, and autoantibodies against a wide array of proteins can appear during convalescence. Most of the reported autoantibodies are typically short-lived. Vaccines against both viruses alter the immune response, affecting the course of viral infection and enhancing clearance. A comprehensive analysis of both viral infections and pathogenicity is revisited to prevent infection, severity, and mortality.
Understanding Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Role in Ischemic Stroke After the Outbreak of Recanalization Therapies
Authors: de la Riva Patricia , Marta-Enguita Juan , Rodríguez-Antigüedad Jon , Bergareche Alberto , de Munain Adolfo López
Published: October 2024

Despite recent advances in treatment options, stroke remains a highly prevalent and devastating condition with significant socioeconomic impact. Recanalization therapies, including intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatments, have revolutionized stroke management and prognosis, providing a promising framework for exploring new therapeutic strategies. Endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathophysiology, progression, and prognosis of stroke. This review aims to synthesize the current evidence regarding the involvement of the nitric oxide (NO)/endothelium pathway in ischemic stroke, with a particular focus on aging, response to recanalization therapies, and therapeutic approaches. While significant progress has been made in recent years in understanding the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and stroke, many uncertainties persist, and although treatments targeting this pathway are promising, they have yet to demonstrate clear clinical benefits.
Reliability of the Star Excursion Balance Test with End-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis Patients and Its Responsiveness Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Bin Sheeha Bodor , Bin Nasser Ahmad , Williams Anita , Granat Malcolm , Johnson David Sands , Althomali Omar W. , Alkhamees Nouf H. , Ibrahim Zizi M. , Jones Richard
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a simple and feasible tool for assessing dynamic balance in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). It has an advantage as it replicates dynamic balance better than other static balance tools. This study aims to determine how reliable SEBT is among people with end-stage KOA, as well as how responsive it is and how well it correlates with performance-based outcome measures after TKA. Methods: Patients on the waiting list for TKA performed SEBT in the anterior, posteromedial and posteriorlateral directions twice within 7 days. The measurements were repeated 6 and 12 months after TKA. The participants completed performance-based outcome measurements (PBOMs) and the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) before and after TKA to estimate correlation. Results: In all directions, the intraclass correlation coefficient range (ICC) was 0.998–0.993, and there were no significant differences between the test and re-test mean SEBT scores. The standard error of measurement (SEM) ranged from 0.37% to 0.68%, and the minimum detectable change (MDC) ranged from 1.02% to 1.89%. The post TKA SEBT results show significant improvement, with a large effect size. There were large-to-medium correlations between SEBT and PBOMs before and after TKA, while OKS correlated only before surgery. The magnitude of change in SEBT, PBOMs and OKS did not correlate. Conclusions: SEBT is an extremely reliable tool for assessing dynamic balance in all three directions of severe KOA patients. It is sensitive enough to detect balance changes at 6 and 12 months post TKA. SEBT cannot be used to reflect the change in functional outcome improvement after TKA.
In-Hospital Mortality Among Elderly Patients Hospitalized for Femur Fracture with and Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Case–Control Study
Authors: Jürgens Lavinia , Sarabhai Theresia , Kostev Karel
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to explore whether diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients admitted for femur fractures. Methods: Our multicenter case–control study included patients aged ≥65 with a primary diagnosis of femur fracture with and without DM treated in 36 German hospitals between January 2019 and December 2023. Patients with DM were matched to patients without DM (1:3) using propensity scores based on age and sex. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between DM and in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 3220 patients with diabetes and 9660 patients without diabetes were included (mean age: 83 years). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was higher in DM patients (6.4%) than in those without DM (5.4%). However, the association between DM and in-hospital mortality was not significant after adjustment for other co-diagnoses. In particular, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and CKD attenuated the effect of DM on in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: Our data show that DM is not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in femur fracture patients. However, the presence of other comorbidities may influence mortality outcomes, highlighting the need for early intervention and targeted treatment to improve patient outcomes.
Tensile Strength of the Achilles Tendon Allograft: A Comparative Study of Graft Preparation Technique
Authors: Thiel Grace E. , Perleberg Tyler D. , Puga Troy B. , Figuerres Benedict F. , Thiagarajan Ganesh , Dennis Jennifer F.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The Achilles tendon is a popular allograft option for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Structurally, the tendon is known to have a 90-degree rotational fiber track. Preparation techniques, with this consideration, may influence the strength of the graft. This study aims to assess the tensile strength of a novel Achilles tendon allograft harvest procedure following the rotational fiber track. Methods: Both Achilles tendons were harvested from formalin-embalmed cadavers [(n = 20), male n = 13, female n = 7, average age = 70]. Ten cadavers had the right Achilles as the control and the left Achilles as the fiber track sample; 10 cadavers had the opposing designation. Tensile strength was tested utilizing a Bose machine. An unpaired t-test was used to compare data across groups. Results: The average ultimate load for the control group was 874.17 N, with an average elastic stiffness of 76.01 N/mm. The ultimate load for the fiber track group was 807.84 N, with an average elastic stiffness of 64.75 N/mm. No statistically significant difference (p = 0.21) was determined between the average ultimate loads or elastic loads (p = 0.18) across groups. Conclusions: These data suggest that the rotational fiber track method of Achilles allograft has consistent tensile strength and elastic stiffness as compared to the common harvest procedure. The rotational fiber track method for ACL harvesting is a viable alternative option to the common harvest procedure for usage in an ACL reconstruction.
The Effect of Music Distraction on Dental Anxiety During Invasive Dental Procedures in Children and Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shih Kung-Chien , Hsu Wei-Ti , Yang Jia-Li , Man Kee-Ming , Chen Kuen-Bao , Lin Wei-Yong
Published: October 2024

Background: Dental anxiety and odontophobia are common issues, leading to challenges with oral hygiene and dental health. Music distraction offers an effective and side effect-free solution to alleviate pain and increase the acceptability of dental treatments. Our meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of music distraction in reducing patient anxiety during invasive dental procedures in children and adults. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for clinically controlled trials, using the keywords “music” and “dental anxiety”. The main outcome measured was the anxiety score. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to estimate the standardized mean differences (SMDs). The subgroup analyses were conducted based on age groups, music preferences, and music styles. The research protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42022357961). Results: A total of 24 controlled clinical trials involving 1830 participants met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Music distraction significantly reduced dental anxiety during invasive procedures under local anesthesia (SMD, −0.50; 95% CI, −0.80 to −0.21; p = 0.0009; I2 = 83%). Our subgroup analysis revealed that music distraction was more effective in adults (SMD, −0.51; p = 0.0007) than in children (SMD, −0.47; p = 0.13) in reducing dental anxiety. Regarding music selection, music chosen by the participant (SMD, −1.01; p = 0.008) demonstrated more anxiolytic effects than by the author (SMD, −0.24; p = 0.02). Regarding music styles, classical music (SMD, −0.69; p = 0.009) was associated with better anxiolytic effects in adults. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis supports the use of music to alleviate dental anxiety during invasive procedures. Listening to classical or customized music can serve as an effective adjunct to outpatient surgical care in dental clinics.
Enhancing Performance of Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses with Hydrophilic Polyphenolic Coatings
Authors: Demian Paul , Nagaya Daichi , Refaei Roeya , Iwai Kaoru , Hasegawa Daiki , Baba Masaki , Messersmith Phillip B. , Lamrani Mouad
Published: October 2024

This study explores the application of a dopamine-assisted co-deposition strategy to modify the surface of daily disposable silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Aiming to enhance the hydrophilicity of these typically hydrophobic lenses, we developed an industry-friendly process using simple dip coating in aqueous solutions. By co-depositing tannic acid, dopamine and chitosan derivative and employing periodate oxidation, we achieved a rapid and efficient coating process. High-molecular-weight branched polyethylene imine was introduced to promote surface reactions. The resulting lenses exhibited extreme hydrophilicity and lipid repellency without compromising their intrinsic properties or causing cytotoxicity. While the coating demonstrated partial antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, it offers a foundation for the further development of broad-spectrum antimicrobial coatings. This versatile and efficient process, capable of transforming hydrophobic contact lenses into hydrophilic ones in just 15 min, shows significant potential for improving comfort and performance in daily disposable contact lenses.
Sericin Protein: Structure, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Aad Rony , Dragojlov Ivana , Vesentini Simone
Published: October 2024

Silk sericin, the glue protein binding fibroin fibers together, is present in the Bombyx mori silkworms’ cocoons. In recent years, sericin has gained attention for its wide range of properties and possible opportunities for various applications, as evidenced by the meta-analysis conducted in this review. Sericin extraction methods have evolved over the years to become more efficient and environmentally friendly, preserving its structure. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, UV-protective, anti-tyrosinase, anti-aging, and anti-cancer properties, sericin is increasingly used in biomedical fields like drug delivery, tissue engineering, and serum-free cell culture media. Beyond healthcare, sericin shows promise in industries such as textiles, cosmetics, and food packaging. This review aims to highlight recent advancements in sericin extraction, research, and applications, while also summarizing key findings from earlier studies.
Three-Dimensional Printing Technology in Drug Design and Development: Feasibility, Challenges, and Potential Applications
Authors: Simon Maria C. , Laios Konstantinos , Nikolakakis Ioannis , Papaioannou Theodore G.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The present investigation evaluates the impact of 3D-printing technology on the design of pharmaceutical drugs, considering the feasibility issues and problems concerning technological, pharmaceutical, and clinical matters. This paper aims to review how 3D printing can modify the traditional manufacturing of drugs with personalized medicine-therapy outcomes being individualized and optimized, hence improving patients’ compliance. Methods: The historical development of 3D printing from rapid prototyping to advanced pharmaceutical applications is discussed. A comparison is then made between traditional drug manufacturing approaches and the different techniques of 3D printing, including stereolithography, material extrusion, and binder jetting. Feasibility is assessed based on clinical trials and studies evaluating the efficacy, safety, bioavailability, and cost-effectiveness of 3D-printed drugs. Results: Current evidence indicates that material selection, regulatory barriers, and scalability issues are some of the major challenges to be overcome for wider acceptance. Other matters, such as ethical issues concerning patient data privacy, the misuse of 3D-printing technology, and technical complexities related to pharmaceutical 3D printing, are discussed further. Future applications also include bioprinting and in situ printing together with their implications for personalized drug delivery, which will also be discussed. Conclusions: This review stresses that intersectoral collaboration and the updating of regulatory frameworks are a must to overcome the barriers that confront 3D-printing applications in drug development. can could be an opportunity for innovative licensing and manufacturing techniques in pharmaceutical product development that can change the paradigm of personalized medicine through modern printing techniques.
Research on the Matching Effect of Social Media Advertising Appeal and Narrative Person: Evidence from China
Authors: Jia Yu , Yu Jinyan , Liu Tianyuan , Huang Jiashen , Mu Wenlong , Deng Fengfeng
Published: October 2024

The burgeoning landscape of social media advertising also faces a myriad of challenges. This study aims to explore the interactive effect of advertising appeal (abstract vs. concrete) and narrative person (first-person vs. third-person) on consumer attitudes towards social media advertising. Based on the construal level theory, this study uses secondary data and two experiments to investigate the interactive effect between advertising appeal and narrative person in social media advertising and the moderated mediating role of information processing fluency. The result reveals that a harmonious match between advertising appeal and narrative person enhances consumer fluency in processing advertising information, thereby improving consumer attitudes towards advertising. Specifically, for advertisements with concrete appeal, first-person narratives are more conducive to enhancing consumer attitudes towards advertising. Conversely, for advertisements with abstract appeal, third-person narratives are more advantageous. This study provides theoretical insights into social media advertising narration, with practical implications for marketers to advance social media advertising design.
Sustainability of Local Public Finances from the Perspective of Territorial Disparities in the Rural Areas of Romania
Authors: Istrate Marinela , Muntele Ionel
Published: October 2024

The sustainability of local public finances is of general interest in the context of the socio-economic transformations of recent decades. In former communist countries such as Romania, where there has been no real reform of local government, this interest is heightened by the strong disparities between administrative units that have adapted to the new context and those that, for various reasons, have become dependent on government subsidies to be able to function. Using information derived from the budget execution for 2019–2023 at the level of the administrative units in rural areas, this study analyzes the structure of income and expenditure budgets. The territorial disparities are demonstrated by typological analyses showing strong regionalization, with a well-defined income or expenditure structure profile. In the same sense, multivariate analysis which uses a series of illustrative demographic and socio-economic profiles as explanatory variables shows significant correlations with the structure of local budgets. It is thus possible to distinguish certain regional patterns, depending on the level of development, geographical position, or quality of infrastructure. The study results demonstrate the need for genuine administrative reform to reduce the dependence of local budgets on subsidies and increase their self-sustainability, especially in rural areas.
Status of and Challenges in Therapy of Mucinous Ovarian Cancer Associated with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Syndrome: Review of Current Options and Future Treatment Trends
Authors: Pariza George , Mavrodin Carmen , Potorac Alina , Munteanu Octavian , Cirstoiu Monica Mihaela
Published: October 2024

Objective: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PP) is a rare condition, and differentiating between primary and secondary ovarian causes is crucial for determining the appropriate oncological therapy. Given the resistance of ovarian mucinous carcinoma to standard platinum-based chemotherapy, the objective of this review is to present the current therapeutic approaches and summarize the emerging trends in the treatment of this disease. Methods: The authors conducted an exhaustive evaluation of studies published over a 14-year period (June 2010–May 2024) concerning pseudomyxoma peritonei, mucinous ovarian carcinoma, ovarian causes of PP, and ovarian cancer using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The results were organized into seven subchapters and analyzed. Results: The analyzed studies present surgery followed by HIPEC as the current therapy with the best long-term survival results. However, the oncological treatment is unsatisfactory, and the choice of therapy depending on the primary origin of the tumor becomes particularly important. For the differential diagnosis between pseudomyxoma due to a gastrointestinal cause and that of ovarian origin, genetic analyses are recommended; these include the characteristics of the mucin present in the lesion, as the therapeutic response can have contradictory results depending on the primary origin of the tumor. Conclusions: Surgery followed by HIPEC remains the standard for resectable cases. However, oncological treatment has controversial results in the case of mucinous ovarian carcinoma compared to other types of ovarian cancer and to metastatic ovarian tumors associated with pseudomyxoma of the peritoneum. Based on the articles included in this review, it was found that the current trend is the study of mucin as a resistance factor against chemotherapy based on platinum products and the targeting of oncological therapy according to the tumor’s genetic characteristics.
The Long-Term Dynamics of Shrew Communities: Is There a Downward Trend?
Authors: Balčiauskas Linas , Balčiauskienė Laima
Published: October 2024

Compared to other small mammals, shrews are understudied due to their limited impact on agriculture, lower biomedical importance, and difficulty to study. Based on trapping data from 1975–2023, we investigated changes in Lithuanian shrews (Sorex araneus, Sorex minutus, Neomys fodiens, and Neomys milleri) over six decades. We analyzed the relative abundance of shrews and the proportion of their species within small mammal communities to assess temporal patterns and distribution in major habitat types. The first main finding was the confirmation of a decrease in S. araneus abundance in the 2020s compared to the 1990s and 2010s. The species proportion in 2020s was lower than in the 1970s–2000s; the decrease started in the 1980s and accelerated in the 2000s. Abundances and proportions of S. minutus and N. fodiens showed no significant trend. The abundance of N. fodiens was very low. The relative abundances and proportions of Sorex species were highest in commensal (human-related) and mixed (including forest, wetland, and meadow) habitats. Shrews were underrepresented in agricultural habitats, with the numbers of both S. araneus and S. minutus 4.1 times lower than expected. While the presence of S. minutus in commensal habitats could be explained by their diet specificity, the capture of N. fodiens and N. milleri in commensal habitats is a novel feature of their ecology.
Non-Polar Chain-Enabled Suspension of Carbon Nanoparticles in Base Oil
Authors: Kabir M. Humaun , Dias Darrius , Johnson Evan , Kosmoski Joe , Liang Hong
Published: October 2024

The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) has introduced new challenges in lubrication, demanding innovative solutions to ensure consistent performance. One promising approach is the use of nanoparticle additives, which have the potential to improve lubrication performance significantly. However, achieving a stable suspension of these nanoparticles in lubricating oils remains a critical challenge, as suspension stability is essential for maintaining consistent performance and maximizing the benefits of these advanced additives. In this study, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were modified with dodecylamine (DDA) to achieve stable suspension in nonpolar fluids. The successful functionalization was confirmed by the FTIR results, which showed characteristic peaks of various bonding. The suspension stability tests demonstrated that DDA-CNPs remained suspended for over 60 days in the Polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil, whereas unmodified CNPs were sedimented within 3–7 days. The rheological behavior was measured under different shear rates and temperatures. Viscosity measurements indicated that DDA-CNPs maintained a lower value compared to base PAO. The lubricants’ friction coefficient (COF) was also determined under various speeds and loads. The addition of DDA-CNPs at a concentration of 0.05 wt.% resulted in a significant reduction in COF, with values decreasing by 26% compared to base PAO oil under a load of 1 N. Additionally, the COF for DDA-CNPs was consistently lower than that of PAO, with reductions ranging from 15% to 18% across all tested speeds. The Stribeck curve further highlighted the improved performance of DDA-CNPs across boundary, mixed, and hydrodynamic lubrication regimes. These findings suggest that DDA-CNPs significantly improve the lubrication performance of PAO oil, making them suitable for advanced lubrication applications in automotive and industrial systems.
A Study on the Influence of Central Edge Absence in Helical Grinding for Micro-Hole Fabrication
Authors: Chen Bochuan , Shi Xiaojin , Zhang Chong , Amin Muhammad , Yuan Songmei
Published: October 2024

The fabrication of micro-holes in hard-to-machine materials presents considerable challenges in precision machining. This study proposes a novel approach that employs high-strength micro-grinding tools with a central abrasive grain absence to create micro-holes through helical grinding. Due to the random distribution of abrasive grains, the absence of grains at the tool’s center becomes an inevitable technical challenge. This research examines the correlation between the diameter of the absence zone and the bottom morphology of the machined hole, highlighting the potential formation of disc-shaped or cylindrical residues. A model for predicting the height of the disc-shaped residues is developed, and the mechanisms governing their removal during grinding are further explored. The findings indicate that when a central grain absence exists, the first abrasive grain surrounding the absence zone, referred to as the inner-edge grain, is responsible for removing the disc-shaped residues. Based on these results, a novel 0.8 mm diameter micro-PCD milling–grinding tool with a central edge absence is designed, and experimental validation is performed using 65% SiCp/Al composite materials. The experimental results confirm that the central grain absence leads to the formation of disc-shaped residues at the bottom of the machined hole during helical grinding, and the morphology of the experimentally obtained residues aligns with the theoretical predictions and simulations. This study significantly advances micro-grinding wheel technology and provides a solid foundation for the precision machining of micro-holes in hard-to-machine materials.
Understanding the Dissolution of Cellulose and Silk Fibroin in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate and Dimethyl Sulphoxide for Application in Hybrid Films
Authors: King James A. , Hine Peter J. , Baker Daniel L. , Ries Michael E.
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the dissolution of two biopolymers, cellulose and silk fibroin, in a mixture of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimAc) and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). EmimAc is a promising environmentally friendly solvent currently in wide use but can be limited by its high viscosity, which inhibits the speed of dissolution. To mediate this, DMSO has been used as a cosolvent and has been shown to significantly lower the solution viscosity and aid mass transport. Dissolution experiments are carried out separately for both cellulose and silk fibrion with a range of EmimAc:DMSO ratios from 100 wt% EmimAc to 100 wt% DMSO. Interestingly, the optimal EmimAc:DMSO ratio (in terms of dissolution speed) is found to be very different for the two biopolymers. For cellulose, a mixture of 20 wt% EmimAc with 80 wt% DMSO is found to have the fastest dissolution speed, while for silk fibroin, a ratio of 80 wt% EmimAc with 20 wt% DMSO proves the fastest. These dissolution trials are complemented by rheological and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments to provide further insight into the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we produce hybrid biopolymer films from a solution to show how this work provides a foundation for future effective dissolution and the preparation of hybrid biopolymer films and hybrid biocomposites.
Effect of Plastic Deformation on Thermal Properties in Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steel
Authors: Hwang Joong-Ki
Published: October 2024

The effect of plastic deformation induced by wire drawing on thermal properties in twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel has been investigated. The investigation on the relationship between thermal conductivity (k) and the microstructure in the drawn TWIP steel wire was systematically performed to accurately understand the behavior of the k of a metal during wire drawing. The yield and tensile strengths linearly increased with drawing strain owing to the deformation twins and dislocations that were generated during wire drawing. However, the total elongation sharply decreased with drawing strain. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the TWIP steel exhibited a similar value regardless of drawing strain. The density decreased linearly with temperature, and it was independent of the drawing strain. k increased initially and then decreased after reaching its maximum value with increasing drawing strains. At a nominal drawing strain of 0.26, k increased compared with the state of hot rolling because the increase in k due to grain elongation was greater than the decrease in k due to dislocations generated during wire drawing. However, as the amount of drawing step increased further, the influence of dislocations on k increased more than that of grain elongation, causing k to decrease.
Numerical Analysis on the Excavation Damage Evolutions of Layered Tunnels: Investigations on the Influences of Confining Pressure and Layer Angles
Authors: Qian Wangping , Tang Xu , Yu Shuyang , Li Xing , Chen Yuexin
Published: October 2024

The bedding structure of layered tunnels has a significant impact on the evolution of excavation damage, yet research on the relevant evolution mechanisms is scarce. In view of this, this paper develops a mesh-free numerical method to simulate the progressive damage process of tunnel excavation and proposes a method for applying stress boundaries within the SPH framework. Through this method, simulations of tunnel excavation damage under different bedding dip angles and stress ratios are conducted. The results show that the following: in the simulation of excavation damage of a tunnel without bedding structures, specific areas around the tunnel exhibit characteristics of tensile–shear composite failure and shear failure, verifying the rationality of the algorithm; under different bedding dip angles, a damage zone is first generated around the tunnel, and shear cracks appear at the tangent of the bedding plane and the tunnel, with the damage degree being the largest when α = 30° and the smallest when α = 45°; and under different stress ratios, the damage starts around the tunnel, continuously evolves, and finally forms a failure zone inside the bedding plane joints tangent to the tunnel, and the damage degree increases with the increase in the stress ratio. This study discusses the damage mechanisms under different calculation schemes and provides a reference for understanding the excavation damage mechanisms of layered tunnels.
The Influence of As-Cast Grain Size on the Formation of Recrystallized Grains and the Related Mechanical Properties in Al–Zn–Mg–Cu-Based Alloy Sheets
Authors: Jeon Jonggyu , Lee Sangjun , Jeon Jeheon , Kang Maru , Kang Heon
Published: October 2024

The influence of as-cast grain size on recrystallization and the related mechanical properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu-based alloys was investigated. Grain sizes ranging from 163 to 26 μm were achieved by adding Ti, Cr and Mn, and ZnO nano-particles, which acted as heterogeneous nucleation sites. A decrease in the as-cast grain size led to a corresponding reduction in the recrystallized grain size from 54 to 13 μm. Notably, as-cast grain sizes below 100 μm provided additional nucleation sites at grain boundaries, allowing for a reasonable prediction of recrystallized grain size. Finer grains also contributed to enhanced mechanical properties, with yield strength increasing as recrystallized grain size decreased without significant loss of elongation. Additional strengthening was observed due to η-precipitates at grain boundaries, further improving the properties of fine-grained sheets.