bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Effect on Design of Residential Multi-Storey Building (Stilt+17 Floors) In Zone-Iii and Zone-Iv using Etabs
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Gokaraju Rangraju institute of Engineering and Technology,Hyderabad, India,, SRINIVAS* Dr. T. , RAJ M.ABINAY ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Gokaraju Rangaraju institute of Engineering and Technology,Hyderabad,India,
Published: September 2019

Structural Analysis is a branch which involves in the determination of behaviour of structures so as to predict the responses of different structural components due to impact of loads. ETABS (Extended 3 Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems) is a software which is incorporated with all the major analysis engines that are static, dynamic, linear and non-linear etc. The main purpose of this paper is to design Multi-storeyed building with a static method, since an effective design and construction of earthquake resistant structures are important all over the world. This project deals with seismic effect on “analysis, design and comparison of multi-storey residential building of stilt+17 floors in zone-iii and zone-iv using ETABS”. It is an attempt to study the behaviour of a residential building using ETABS in different zones and areas with same soil bearing capacity. Analysis and design has been carried out as per IS1843-2002 (Part-1) and IS 456:2000. The more drifts and displacements have been noticed in zone 4 compared to zone 3.
Extrusion of Circular Billet through Circular, Triangular and Square Multi-Hole Dies
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Sahu Rita Kumari , Das* Ratnakar ,   Department of Manufacturing Engineering, National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India., Routara B. C. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Published: September 2019

In extrusion with multi-hole dies, more than one product is produced from the same billet and quite suitable for improving the productivity and to produce small dimensioned products. Many operating parameters like number of holes present on die, hole profile, length of die land, die pockets, extrusion speed and friction condition affect the surface finish, bending and mechanical property of the products get extruded. The equivalent size of products produced by multi-hole extrusion process does not exist in literature. The objective of this research work is to produce the products of equivalent dimension from different profile holes by multi-hole extrusion. In this experimental study, the products of circular, triangular ads square profiles have been produced. The dies of 2-hole, 3-hole and 4 holes have been used. The extrusion load requirement, hardness of the final products and the change in length of parts extruded are investigated. The extrusion with squared holed dies needs more extrusion load than circular and triangular holed dies. The hardness value varies along the extruded product length. The variation in length of the extruded parts is more for the products obtained from dies with squared hole dies.
Dynamic Consolidation of VM Allocation and VM Migration to Optimize Energy Consumption of Cloud Data Centers
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, B.B.A University (A Central University), Lucknow, India., Kumar Narander , Kumar Surendra ,   Department of Computer Science, B.B.A University (A Central University), Lucknow, India.
Published: September 2019

Including the expanding fame of the cloud model and quick multiplication of cloud frameworks there are expanding concerns about energy utilization and subsequent effect of cloud as a supporter of worldwide CO2 discharges. Until now, little is thought about how to fuse energy utilization and CO2 worries into cloud application. Energy consumption has become an important cost factor for computing resources. In this research article, we proposed an algorithm to VM Allocation and VM migrations in the context of power utilisation in the data centers. This mechanism is to minimize the energy utilization in the cloud computing environment. We validate our results with the help of prediction based faster energy efficient VMs approach and modified Best Fit approach which shows the faster assignments and increase the performance when consumption of the energy is optimised. As well as we also simulate our results in the cloudsim in the multiple numbers of host and virtual machine to reduce the energy consumptions.
PENGARUH COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, WORD OF MOUTH, KUALITAS YANG DIPERSEPSIKAN TERHADAP NIAT BELI: STUDY PADA KAMERA DIGITAL MEREK JEPANG
Authors: Purwanto Edy , Wibisono Aryo
Published: September 2019

This study aims to test the influence of country of origin image and word of mouth on perceived quality. Then, the country of origin image and word of mouth and perceived quality on purchase intention of digital camera from Japan. The number of samples in this research are 230 respondents taken by purposive sampling method. Analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to test the hypothesis. The results of this study showed that country of origin image and word of mouth have a positive and significant effect on perceived quality. Then, Word of mouth and perceived quality have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention but a country of origin image has no significant effect on purchase intention.
Questionamentos sobre o fazer-se da Justiça: TRT 7ª Região, Fortaleza, anos 1940 e 1950.
Authors: SILVA Maria Sângela de Sousa Santos
Published: September 2019

O artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado sobre a Justiça do Trabalho e os Trabalhadores em Fortaleza. Objetivando investigar a Justiça do Trabalho e sua atuação no mundo do trabalho, e como os trabalhadores travaram lutas na arena jurídica para assegurar seus direitos trabalhistas, é que nos propomos analisar fontes processuais do arquivo do TRT da 7ª Região, nos anos 1940, quando da instalação do Conselho Regional do Trabalho – CRT, até os anos de 1950, período em que esses processos questionadores das decisões judiciais deixaram de existir. Buscamos fazer uma análise depurada dos dissídios individuais e coletivos, de pessoas físicas e jurídicas, questionando a morosidade nos julgamentos, a escolha de juízes vogais, contra o descumprimento do acordo pela parte patronal, dentre outras situações que colocavam em dúvida o fazer-se da Justiça do Trabalho no âmbito local. A pesquisa elucidou os meandros da Justiça do Trabalho na cidade de Fortaleza, revelando os conflitos que engendraram sua formação e solidificação ao longo dos anos, sendo ainda hoje referência de luta dos trabalhadores.
A Importância de cotas raciais Universitárias no contexto Brasileiro
Authors: Rodrigues Fernanda Plaza , Silva Laís Marta Alves da , Mangaba Maíra Aparecida
Published: September 2019

O trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as políticas públicas educacionais para os negros, pardos e indígenas na Universidade, apontando os avanços e retrocessos que a legislação brasileira tem presentado ao longo da história. Para isso, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, analisamos inicialmente o histórico da cotas raciais no Brasil, apontando seus pressupostos e características. Na sequência realiza-se uma análise da legislação, que trata das questões das cotas que permeiam as políticas públicas educacionais. Concluímos que as políticas públicas educacionais de cotas raciais são relevantes, pois integram jovens que tem uma desvantagem social na Universidade.
Development of computerized monitoring and control system of the mobile robot’s positioning on large ferromagnetic surfaces based on intelligent techniques. Thesis and study of the mathematical model of a caterpillar mobile robot for vertical movement
Authors: Pengfei Zhou , Kozlov Oleksiy , Gerasin Oleksandr , Kondratenko Galyna
Published: September 2019

The article considers the synthesis and study of a mathematical model of a caterpillar mobile robot (MR) with separate main clamping magnets for moving and performing specified technological operations along inclined and vertical ferromagnetic surfaces. The authors have developed the mathematical models of MR's individual elements and the robot as a whole, taking into account the basic features of its structural design. The resulting mathematical model allows studying the MR’s behavior in different production conditions under spatial motion on an inclined surface and can be applied for further synthesis of the automatic control system for positioning such robots.
THERMO ACOUSTIC PROCESSES IN LOW EMISSION COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF
GAS TURBINE ENGINE CAPACITY 25 MW
Authors: Serbin Sergey
Published: September 2019

The appliance of modern tools of the computational fluid dynamics for the investigation of the pulsation processes in the combustion chamber caused by the design features of flame tubes and aerodynamic interaction compressor, combustor and turbine is discussed. The aim of the research is to investigate and forecast the non-stationary processes in the gas turbine combustion chambers. The results of the numerical experiments which were carried out using three-dimensional mathematical models in gaseous fuels combustion chambers reflect sufficiently the physical and chemical processes of the unsteady combustion and can be recommended to optimize the geometrical and operational parameters of the low-emission combustion chamber. The appliance of such mathematical models are reasonable for the development of new samples of combustors which operate at the lean air-fuel mixture as well as for the modernization of the existing chambers with the aim to develop the constructive measures aimed at reducing the probability of the occurrence of the pulsation combustion modes. Keywords: gas turbine engine, combustor, turbulent combustion, pulsation combustion, numerical methods, mathematical simulation.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERIZED MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM OF
THE MOBILE ROBOT’S POSITIONING ON LARGE FERROMAGNETIC SURFACES
BASED ON INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES. AUTOMATION OF THE MONITORING AND
CONTROL PROCESSES OF MOBILE ROBOT FOR PROCESSING OF LARGE INCLINED
SURFACES
Authors: Guojun Yan , Kozlov Oleksiy , Gerasin Oleksandr , Kondratenko Galyna
Published: September 2019

The article renders the special features of the design of a tracked mobile robot (MR) for moving over inclined ferromagnetic surfaces while performing specified technological operations. There is conducted a synthesis of the functional structure and selective technological parameters (such as control coordinates) of the computerized monitoring and control system (CMCS) intended for use with this MR. Application of the CMCS with the proposed functional structure allows substantially increasing the accuracy of the MR monitoring and control, which in turn provides for a considerable enhancement in the quality and economic efficiency of the operations on processing of large ferromagnetic surfaces.
DEVELOPMENT OF A FAST WIRELESS BATTERY CHARGING TECHNOLOGY FOR ACCUMULATORS USED IN CLEAN ENERGY TRANSPORT VEHICLES. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESONANT CONVERTER FOR CONTACTLESS INDUCTIVE ENERGY TRANSMISSION
Authors: Qi Gu , Pavlov Henadiy , Pokrovskyi Mykhailo , Obrubov Andriy , Vinnychenko Iryna
Published: September 2019

The research object is the electromagnetic processes in the semiconductor power converters based on the schemes with circuit commutation and containing resonant circuits of reactive elements and transformers with a small coupling coefficient. The research aim is to develop a technology for a fast wireless battery charging for the use in clean energy vehicles, which would be based on a resonant converter with a pulse-count adjustment with a phase shift control.

The latter provides a high energy performance in a wide range of regulation and a low sensitivity to changes in the magnetic system parameters.

This is a final report. The report presents the results of the work performed in accordance with the Terms of Reference for the second stage of the scientific and research work. The following theoretical problems have been solved: development of a mathematical model of a series resonant converter with a pulse-count adjustment for contactless inductive energy transmission, which provided a high accuracy for the studies of the electromagnetic processes in the power section of multi-circuit resonant converters for contactless energy transmission, as well as an opportunity to assess the energy parameters of multi-circuit converters at pulse-count adjustment; compilation of mathematical dependencies of the average input and output current values on the number of half-cycles of resonant oscillations during energy transmission to the circuit and energy dissipation, the supply voltage and the resonant circuit’s parameters, which allowed assessing the converter’s energy parameters over a wide control range; compilation of the dependencies of the converter’s output power and coefficient of efficiency on the number of half-cycles of resonant oscillations during energy transmission to the circuit and energy dissipation, on supply voltage and on the resonant circuit’s parameters, which made it possible to evaluate the efficiency of the pulse-count adjustment of resonant converters for contactless energy transmission; realization of a dynamic model of a resonant converter for contactless energy transmission in the form of transfer functions for small disturbances caused by fluctuations in supply voltage, which made it possible to estimate the effect of its instability on the quality of output current stabilization.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERIZED MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE MOBILE ROBOT’S POSITIONING ON LARGE FERROMAGNETIC SURFACES BASED ON INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES. COMPLEX OF TASKS OF MONITORING AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF MOBILE
Authors: Yueqin Yao , Kozlov Oleksiy , Gerasin Oleksandr , Kondratenko Galyna
Published: September 2019

Analysis and formalization of the monitoring and automatic control tasks of the MR for the movement and execution of various types of technological operations on inclined and vertical ferromagnetic surfaces are obtained. Generalized structure of mobile robotic complex is shown with main subsystems consideration. Critical analysis of the current state of the problem of development of universal structures of mobile robots (MRs) for the various types of technological operations execution and elaborations of computerized systems for monitoring and control of MR movement is done. In particular, wheeled, walked and crawler type MRs with pneumatic, vacuum-propeller, magnetic and magnetically operated clamping devices to grip with vertical and ceiling surfaces are reviewed. The constructive features of the crawler MR with magnetic clamping devices capable of moving along sloping ferromagnetic surfaces are considered. The basic technical parameters of the MR are shown for the further synthesis of computerized monitoring and automatic control systems. Formalization of the tasks of monitoring and control of the MR positioning at the processing of large area ferromagnetic surfaces is considered from the point of view of control theory.
RESEARCH OF SEPARATION GRADIENT AEROSOL TECHNOLOGIES FOR INTENSIFICATION OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES IN SYSTEMS OF HIGHLY TURBULENT DISPERSED BIPHASIC FLOWS. APPLICATION OF THREEDIMENSIONAL MODELING FOR GRADIENT AEROSOL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SEPARATING GRANKCASE GASES
Authors: Ryzhkov Sergiy
Published: September 2019

Three-dimensional modeling has been applied for gradient aerosol technologies designed for separating crankcase gases of internal combustion engines. Three-dimensional models are created for the numerical experiment of an improved prototype oil separator. Studies are carried out for the range of the crankcase gas flow rate of 2...10 m3/h.

Based on the calculations, a prototype separator was developed; its experimental studies were carried out on a special stand. The coefficient of the total purification efficiency is determined; it reaches 99.9 %.
Polyhedral characteristics of the cosalite-type crystal structures
Authors: Kovač Sabina , Dabić Predrag , Kremenović Aleksandar , Pačevski Aleksandar , Karanović Ljiiljana , Rodić Marko V. , Tribus Martina
Published: September 2019

The crystal structure of cosalite from the Trepča orefield was refined in the orthorhombic space group Pnma [a = 23.7878 (9), b = 4.0566 (3), c = 19.1026 (8) Å, V = 1843.35 (17) Å3, Z = 2] from single-crystal data (MoKα X-ray diffraction, CCD area detector) to the conventional R1 factor 0.031 for 1516 unique reflections with I > 2σ(I). The chemical formula (Cu0.15Ag0.24)+(Fe0.19Pb7.20)2+(Bi7.06Sb1.06)3+S20, calculated on the basis of 20 S atoms per formula unit, was determined by WDX. The unit cell contains 18 + 2 symmetrically nonequivalent atomic sites: 10 occupied by S; two by pure Pb (Pb3 and Pb4); one by pure Bi (Bi1); two by a combination of Bi and small amounts of Sb (Bi2/Sb2, Bi4/Sb3); two by Pb and Bi, and in one of these also by a small amount of Ag [Me1 = Pb2 >> Bi5 > Ag1, Me3 = Pb1 >> Bi3]; and finally one site, Me2 (Bi6 >> □), is partly occupied by Bi and partly split into an additional two adjacent trigonal planar “interstitial positions”, Cu1 and Cu2, where small amounts of Cu, Ag, and Fe can be situated. All atoms are at 4c special positions at y = 0.25 or 0.75. The structure consists of slightly to moderately distorted MeS6 octahedra sharing edges, bicapped trigonal PbS8 coordination prisms, and fairly distorted Cu1S6 and Cu2S4 polyhedra. The effects of the cation substitutions, bond valence sums, and the polyhedral characteristics are compared with other published cosalite-type structures. Among known cosalite-type structures, the largest volume contraction is shown by sample 4 (Altenberg) and involves the replacement of large cations (Bi3+ and Pb2+) by the smaller Sb3+, as well as Cu+ and Ag+. These replacements are reflected in the variations of individual Me–S bond distances, which are accompanied by variations in average Me–S distances. The degree of polyhedral distortion, Δ, progressively increases for the four Bi-hosting sites of nine cosalite-type structures: Me2 < Bi2 < Bi1 < Bi4. The Bi4 and Me3 are the most and the Me1 and Me2 are the least distorted octahedral sites of the nine cosalite-type structures.
Nickeltyrrellite, CuNi2Se4, a new member of the spinel supergroup from El DragÓn, Bolivia
Authors: Förster Hans-Jürgen , Ma Chi , Grundmann Günter , Bindi Luca , Stanley Christopher J.
Published: September 2019

Nickeltyrrellite, ideally CuNi2Se4, is a new selenide species from the El Dragón mine, Department of Potosí, Bolivia. It most frequently occurs as anhedral to subhedral grains (up to 20 μm in size) in association with cerromojonite, klockmannite, clausthalite, and penroseite, forming fracture fillings in pre-existing krut'aite−penroseite solid solutions. Nickeltyrrellite is non-fluorescent, black, and opaque with a metallic luster and black streak. It is brittle, with an irregular fracture and no obvious cleavage and parting. In plane-polarized incident light, nickeltyrrellite is cream to pale pinkish, displaying no internal reflections. Between crossed polarizers, it is isotropic. The reflectance values in air for the COM standard wavelengths are 45.9 (470 nm), 47.6 (546 nm), 48.1 (589 nm), and 49.8 (650 nm). Electron-microprobe spot analyses (n = 28) of the grain populations used for the EBSD study yielded a mean composition of Cu 13.01, Fe 0.27, Co 6.66, Ni 16.98, S 1.04, Se 61.91, total 99.87 wt.%. The empirical formula, normalized to 7 apfu, is Cu1.00(Ni1.42Co0.56Fe0.02)Σ2.00(Se3.84S0.16)Σ4.00. The ideal formula is CuNi2Se4, which requires (in wt.%) Cu 12.79, Ni 23.63, Se 63.58, total 100. EBSD patterns reveal nickeltyrrellite as cubic, space group , with a = 9.99 Å, V = 997.0 Å3, Z = 8. The calculated density is 7.36 g cm−3. It formed in response to alteration of quijarroite + hansblockite + watkinsonite + clausthalite + penroseite aggregates by oxidizing, low-T, Cu-Ni-Co-Pb-bearing fluids at a fSe2/fS2 ratio greater than unity. Nickeltyrrellite is a new selenide belonging to the tyrrellite subgroup of the spinel supergroup. The new species has been approved by the IMA-CNMNC (2018-110) and is named for constituting the Ni-analogue of tyrrellite.
The Quasar Main Sequence Explained by the Combination of Eddington Ratio, Metallicity, and Orientation
Authors: Panda Swayamtrupta , Marziani Paola , Czerny Bożena
Published: September 2019

We address the effect of orientation of the accretion disk plane and the geometry of the broad-line region (BLR) as part of an effort to understand the distribution of quasars in optical plane of the quasar main sequence. We utilize the photoionization code CLOUDY to model the BLR incorporating the grossly underestimated form factor (f). Treating the aspect of viewing angle appropriately, we confirm the dependence of the R
Fe ii
sequence on

and on the related observational trends—as a function of the SED shape, cloud density, and composition, verified from prior observations. Sources with R
Fe ii
in the range 1–2 (about 10% of all quasars, the so-called extreme Population A [xA] quasars) are explained as sources of high, and possibly extreme Eddington ratio along the R
Fe ii
sequence. This result has important implications for the exploitation of xA sources as distance indicators for cosmology. Fe ii emitters with R
Fe ii
 > 2 are very rare (<1% of all type 1 quasars). Our approach also explains the rarity of these highest Fe ii emitters as extreme xA sources, and constrains the viewing angle ranges with increasing Hβ FWHM.
Density Conversion between 1D and 3D Stellar Models with 1DMESA2HYDRO3D
Authors: Joyce M. , Lairmore L. , Price D. J. , Mohamed S. , Reichardt T.
Published: September 2019

We present 1DMESA2HYDRO3D, an open-source, Python-based software tool that provides an accessible means of generating physically motivated initial conditions (ICs) for hydrodynamical simulations from 1D stellar structure models. We test 1DMESA2HYDRO3D on five stellar models generated with the MESA stellar evolution code and verify its capacity as an IC generator with the Phantom smoothed particle hydrodynamics code. Consistency between the input density profiles, the 1DMESA2HYDRO3D-rendered particle distributions, and the state of the distributions after evolution over 10 dynamical timescales is found for model stars ranging in structure and density from a radially extended supergiant to a white dwarf.
On the Sicilian cave dwelling species of Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta, Rhynchota)
Authors: D'Urso Vera , Puglisi Antonino
Published: September 2019

Up to now, troglobitic Auchenorrhyncha identified for Europe outside of the Macaronesian region include two species belonging to the Cixiidae family. In this context, Sicily is a very interesting island because there are both limestone caves an lava tubes that allow the presence of at least two obligately cave dwelling species belonging to Ibleocixius D'Urso & Grasso 2009 and Cixius Latreilles 1804 genera. Ibleocixius is a troglobitic genus, endemic from Sicily with a unique species, Ibleocixius dunae D’Urso & Grasso 2009, living in a limestone cave of South-estern Sicily. Recently, a new troglobitic taxon (under description) has been found in some lava tubes on the Etna volcano; it belongs to the genus Cixius, to the C. pallipes-wagneri group. Both species live on the roots that penetrate the caves. They have a different palaeogeographic history. Ibleocixius dunae is a paleoendemic taxon showing a strong degree of troglomorphy, and the genus differs from Cixius and related taxa in the different arrangement of several characters which are also present in other taxa. Cixius n.sp. is a neoendemic taxon showing morphological characters close to those of the epigean species Cixius wagneri (Holzinger et al. 2003).
Preliminary results on species composition of the biting midges-fauna (Culicoides) in a wetland on Lower Danube Flow, Bulgaria
Authors: Bobeva Aneliуa , Mathieu Bruno
Published: September 2019

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are competent vectors of various pathogens in Europe with veterinary importance such as: Bluetongue virus, Schmallenberg virus, Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and avian haemosporidians. In order to reveal the potential role that they may play in spreading diseases in wildlife and thus the impact on ecosystems which they render, a reliable estimation of their faunistic diversity is required. Previous surveys conducted in the region of Kalimok Biological Station – a wetland on Lower Danube flow – were focused mainly on the ornithophilic species acting as vectors of avian haemosporidians, and thus leaving out the whole Culicoides diversity in the area underestimated (Bobeva et al. 2013, Bobeva et al. 2014, Bobeva et al. 2015). In the present study, we combined morphological and molecular approaches for species identification of the biting midges collected in the region of the field station in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2018 years. Out of the 37 Culicoides species reported previously as national fauna (Nedelchev 2013, Pudar et al. 2018), we recorded 13 species in the studied area. In addition, three species namely, Culicoides duddingstoni, C. griseidorsum and C. кibunensis were newly recorded for the Bulgarian fauna, which raises the number of species of national fauna to 40. Interesting specimens affiliated to C. pseudopallidus have been collected in Kalimok. This latter species has not been reported in Central and Eastern Europe so far and therefore further attention is required prior being considered as a new record. Regarding the potential vectors of avian haemosporidians in the studied area, the present investigation raised the list of species suspected for spreading this disease in wildlife from three to six, namely: C. alazanicus, C. circumscriptus, C. duddingstoni, C. griseidorsum, C. kibunensis and C. pictipennis. The current study of the biting midges’ biodiversity improved the knowledge about the Bulgarian Culicoides fauna including the list of the potential vector species of avian malaria. However, faunistic studies on Culicoides in Europe remain sparse and such data serves as a basic knowledge for a better understanding of the Culicoides-borne diseases.
The Experimental Prediction of the Lifetime of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) by the Energetic Method
Authors: En-Naji Abderrazak , Mouhib Nadia , Majid Fatima , ElKihal Hicham , El Ghorba Mohamed
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we are dealing with the study of the mechanical behavior of an amorphous polymer, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene "ABS". In fact, uniaxial tensile tests on rectangular specimens containing a combined defect, with simple and double notches, has been done. The proposed approach develop a method, based on energy parameter, to calculate the evolution of damage over the materials’ life. This method can be used to predict quantitatively the risk of sudden rupture in a structure. Therefore, the damage evaluation based on the residual energy method was compared to the unified theory one for different loading levels. The prediction of damage by experimental models has led to the determination of the three stages of damage evolution, which are the initiation, propagation and complete deterioration of the material. Thus, the concept of reliability is used to specify the critical life fraction, which is similar to the notch depth (βc) of a modeled defect as a combined defect on an ABS sample. In addition, the unified theory was used in this work, to define on the one hand, the parameter of damage which is the internal variable which describes the failure level of the structure in function of life fraction, on the other hand, for the theoretical evaluation of the level of damage. Finally, we have proved that the theoretical and experimental results show a good agreement.
Study of Damage of the Specimens in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Based on a Static Damage Study and Damage by Unified Theory to Predict the Life of the Material
Authors: Sabah Fatima , En-Naji Abderrazak , Wahid Achraf , El Ghorba Mohamed , Chakir Hamid
Published: September 2019

Plastics is very important in our lives; they used in all sectors from the high-performance industry to the mass-market industry. In this article, we will interest on the thermoplastic Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) polymer; this choice is justified by the compatibility of ABS with a wide range of materials. The aim of this work is to evaluate the damage and the reliability of ABS for predict its residual lifetime.To do this, we used notched specimens of ABS prepared according to the ASTM standard, these last one are subject to tensile test at different ray of notch, The experimental results obtained have allowed us to follow the evolution the ultimate stress and then to calculate the damage. Thereafter, it was possible to identify three stages of damage that can predict at first initiation of the damage and the critical damage. Therefore, be able to intervene in time for predictive maintenance. This study also includes a correlation between two methods of calculating the damage namely static damage and damage by unified theory and this by analogy to cyclical behavior. The comparison showed good agreement.
Estimation of the Fatigue Curve of a Wire Rope at Different Scales
Authors: Wahid Achraf , Mouhib Nadia , Kartouni Abdelkarim , Chakir Hamid , El Ghorba Mohamed
Published: September 2019

The wire rope 19 × 7 is a complex component, it consists of 18 strands in helical from around a central core strand, each strand consist of a 7 wires laid in helical. The friction in wire rope between wire and wire decrease its lifetime. For that, this study is an attempt to present a simplified approach to predict the lifetime of cable in three scale (wire, strand, cable) using unified theory and the Basquin's law, at the level of the strand scale we have estimated its fatigue behavior in the initiation phase and also within the number of the cycle to failure as well as the ratio of the number of cycles to crack initiation Ni to the number of cycles to failure, we based on the tensile test.
A Mast Cell–Specific Receptor Is Critical for Granuloma Induced by Intrathecal Morphine Infusion
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Rui , Che Delu , Pundir Priyanka , Wang Nan , Han Shengli , Cao Jiao , Lv Yanni , Dong Haiyan , Fang Fang , Wang Jue , Ma Pengyu , Zhao Tingting , Lei Ting , Dong Xinzhong , He Langchong
Published: September 2019

Intrathecal morphine infusion is often applied to treat chronic pain related to cancer and other conditions. However, persistent pain can be caused by nerve compression because of granuloma formation. In this study, a mouse model of morphine-induced granuloma formation by intrathecal catheterization morphine infusion into the atlanto-occipital membrane of the foramen magnum was established in wild-type mice, MrgprB2 mutant (MrgprB2−/−) mice, and in mast cell–deficient W-sash c-kit mutant (KitW-sh/W-sh) mice. Heat-related pain after surgery was performed to investigate the antipain effect of morphine. H&E staining and immunofluorescence staining of the spinal cord were applied to analyze the mechanism of granuloma formation. Morphine-induced mast cell degranulation was assessed by measuring the Ca2+ influx and mediator release. Anaphylactoid reactions were measured after s.c. morphine infusion to the paws. Chemokine release by mast cells was determined by Human XL Cytokine Array. Experiments with wild-type, MrgprB2 mutant, and mast cell–deficient W-sash c-kit mutant mice demonstrated that morphine activated mast cells and inflammatory cell aggregation through MrgprB2 in intrathecal infusion sites. The chemokine production of human mast cells demonstrated that granuloma formation is correlated with chemokines release. In addition, morphine activated mouse primary mast cells and de novo chemokine synthesis via the MRGPRX2 in human LAD2 cells. We concluded that granuloma formation during intrathecal morphine infusion was associated with MrgprB2/X2. Reducing MRGPRX2 potentially blocks morphine-induced side effects, including granuloma formation.
Immunoproteasome Inhibition Selectively Kills Human CD14+ Monocytes and as a Result Dampens IL-23 Secretion
Authors: Basler Michael , Claus Meike , Klawitter Moritz , Goebel Heike , Groettrup Marcus
Published: September 2019

MECL-1 (β2i), LMP2 (β1i), and LMP7 (β5i) are the proteolytically active subunits of the immunoproteasome (IP), a special type of proteasome mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Targeting the IP in autoimmune diseases proved to be therapeutically effective in preclinical mouse models. In endotoxin-stimulated human PBMCs, IP inhibition reduces the secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines, with the suppression of IL-23 being the most prominent. In this study, we investigated why the production of IL-23, a key mediator of inflammation in autoimmunity, is blocked when the IP is inhibited in LPS-stimulated human PBMCs. CD14+ monocytes could be identified as the main producers of IL-23 in LPS-stimulated PBMCs. We found that IP inhibition with the irreversible LMP7/LMP2 inhibitor ONX 0914 induced apoptosis in CD14+ monocytes, whereas CD4+, CD3+, CD19+, and CD56+ cells remained unaffected. A high expression of IPs renders monocytes susceptible to IP inhibition, leading to an accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins and the induction of the unfolded protein response. Similar to IP inhibition, inducers of the unfolded protein response selectively kill CD14+ monocytes in human PBMCs. The blockage of the translation in CD14+ monocytes protects these cells from ONX 0914–induced cell death, indicating that the IP is required to maintain protein turnover in monocytes. Taken together, our data reveal why IP inhibition is particularly effective in the suppression of IL-23–driven autoimmunity.
Circulating Picomolar Levels of CCL2 Downregulate Ongoing Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Induction of Regulatory Mechanisms
Authors: Kaushansky Nathali , Bakos Eszter , Becker-Herman Shirly , Shachar Idit , Ben-Nun Avraham
Published: September 2019

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the CNS characterized by neurologic impairment resulting from primary demyelination and axonal damage. The pathogenic mechanisms of disease development include Ag-specific T cell activation and Th1 differentiation, followed by T cell and macrophage migration into the CNS. CCL2 is a chemokine that induces migration of monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells. We previously demonstrated that picomolar levels of CCL2 strongly restrict the development of inflammation in models of inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, CCR2 deficiency in T cells promotes a program inducing the accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells while decreasing the levels of Th17 cells in vivo. In the current study, the effect of picomolar levels of CCL2 on the autoimmune inflammatory response associated with a multiple sclerosis–like disease in mice was analyzed. We found that low dosages of CCL2 were effective in suppressing MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and they downregulated chronic EAE. The modulation of EAE by CCL2 was associated with downregulation of Th1/Th17 cells and upregulation of TGF-β and induction of regulatory CD4+Foxp3 T cells. Most strikingly, these low levels of CCL2 induced formation of highly functional regulatory T cells. Thus, this study strongly supports the potential use of CCL2 as a regulatory mediator for treating inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
Targeting Antigens to CD180 but Not CD40 Programs Immature and Mature B Cell Subsets to Become Efficient APCs
Authors: Roe Kelsey , Shu Geraldine L. , Draves Kevin E. , Giordano Daniela , Pepper Marion , Clark Edward A.
Published: September 2019

Targeting Ags to the CD180 receptor activates both B cells and dendritic cells (DCs) to become potent APCs. After inoculating mice with Ag conjugated to an anti-CD180 Ab, B cell receptors were rapidly internalized. Remarkably, all B cell subsets, including even transitional 1 B cells, were programed to process, present Ag, and stimulate Ag-specific CD4+ T cells. Within 24–48 hours, Ag-specific B cells were detectable at T–B borders in the spleen; there, they proliferated in a T cell–dependent manner and induced the maturation of T follicular helper (TFH) cells. Remarkably, immature B cells were sufficient for the maturation of TFH cells after CD180 targeting: TFH cells were induced in BAFFR−/− mice (with only transitional 1 B cells) and not in μMT mice (lacking all B cells) following CD180 targeting. Unlike CD180 targeting, CD40 targeting only induced DCs but not B cells to become APCs and thus failed to efficiently induce TFH cell maturation, resulting in slower and lower-affinity IgG Ab responses. CD180 targeting induces a unique program in Ag-specific B cells and to our knowledge, is a novel strategy to induce Ag presentation in both DCs and B cells, especially immature B cells and thus has the potential to produce a broad range of Ab specificities. This study highlights the ability of immature B cells to present Ag to and induce the maturation of cognate TFH cells, providing insights toward vaccination of mature B cell–deficient individuals and implications in treating autoimmune disorders.
Cutting Edge: Ig H Chains Are Sufficient to Determine Most B Cell Clonal Relationships
Authors: Zhou Julian Q. , Kleinstein Steven H.
Published: September 2019

B cell clonal expansion is vital for adaptive immunity. High-throughput BCR sequencing enables investigating this process but requires computational inference to identify clonal relationships. This inference usually relies on only the BCR H chain, as most current protocols do not preserve H:L chain pairing. The extent to which paired L chains aids inference is unknown. Using human single-cell paired BCR datasets, we assessed the ability of H chain–based clonal clustering to identify clones. Of the expanded clones identified, <20% grouped cells expressing inconsistent L chains. H chains from these misclustered clones contained more distant junction sequences and shared fewer V segment mutations than the accurate clones. This suggests that additional H chain information could be leveraged to refine clonal relationships. Conversely, L chains were insufficient to refine H chain–based clonal clusters. Overall, the BCR H chain alone is sufficient to identify clonal relationships with confidence.
The relationship between perceived organisational support, organisational commitment and turnover intention among employees in a selected organisation in the aviation industry
Authors: Satardien Maahierah , Jano Rukhsana , Mahembe Bright
Published: September 2019

Orientation: Turnover intention, a precursor of employee turnover, comprises some of the challenges experienced by the 21st-century organisation – the aviation industry has not been spared.Research purpose: The primary goal of this study was to conduct an analysis of the relationships between perceived organisational support (POS), organisational commitment and turnover intention at a selected organisation within the aviation industry.Motivation for the study: Relatively, little attention has been directed at examining employees’ POS and organisational commitment on turnover intention in the aviation sector.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative research design was used. The sample composed of employees (N = 240) employed at an international aviation organisation, which operates in Cape Town, Brno and Istanbul. The participants were drawn using convenience sampling. Data were analysed using the Pearson correlation and multiple regression techniques.Main findings: High levels of reliability were found for the scales used in this study. Significant correlations were found among POS, organisational commitment and turnover intention. A linear regression analysis indicated that both organisational commitment and POS are significant predictors of turnover intention.Practical/managerial implications: The findings of this study suggest that POS and commitment play a significant role in reducing turnover intention. Employee support programmes should be offered as a panacea for turnover intention given the need for employee retention and commitment in this industry.Contribution/value-add: The aviation industry strives to retain employees, by investing in employees’ training and development. The contribution of the study can ensure passenger safety and avoid aircraft disasters. Perceived organisational support is likely to enhance commitment and reduce staff turnover.
Speed and fluctuations for some driven dimer models
Authors: Chhita Sunil , Ferrari Patrik L. , Toninelli Fabio L.
Published: September 2019

We consider driven dimer models on the square and honeycomb graphs, starting from a stationary Gibbs measure. Each model can be thought of as a two dimensional stochastic growth model of an interface, belonging to the anisotropic KPZ universality class. We use a combinatorial approach to determine the speed of growth and show logarithmic growth in time of the variance of the height function.
Generalized chord diagram expansions of Dyson–Schwinger equations
Authors: Hihn Markus , Yeats Karen
Published: September 2019

Series solutions for a large family of Dyson–Schwinger equations are given as expansions over decorated rooted connected chord diagrams. The analytic input to the new expansions are the expansions of the regularized integrals for the primitive graphs building the Dyson–Schwinger equation. Each decorated chord diagram contributes a weighted monomial in the coefficients of the expansions of the primitives and so indexes the analytic solution in a tightly controlled way.
Enumerating meandric systems with large number of loops
Authors: Fukuda Motohisa , Nechita Ion
Published: September 2019

We investigate meandric systems with a large number of loops using tools inspired by free probability. For any fixed integer r, we express the generating function of meandric systems on

2n

points with

n \to r

loops in terms of a finite (the size depends on

r

) subclass of irreducible meandric systems, via the moment-cumulant formula from free probability theory. We show that the generating function, after an appropriate change of variable, is a rational function, and we bound its degree. Exact expressions for the generating functions are obtained for

r \leq 6

, as well as the asymptotic behavior of the meandric numbers for general

r

.
Low Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Contacts of Smear-Positive Adults in Brazil
Authors: Oliveira-Cortez Andreza , Froede Emerson Lopes , Cristine de Melo Angelita , Sant’Anna Clemax Couto , Pinto Leonardo Araújo , Mauricio da Rocha Eliana Maria , Di Lorenzo Oliveira Cláudia , Camargos Paulo
Published: September 2019

This follow-up cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the prevalence rate and risk factors related to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB) in children aged < 15 years in contact with adults with smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) in a Brazilian municipality. Data were collected from interviews, clinical evaluations, chest X-rays, tuberculin skin tests, and interferon gamma release assays. The median time elapsed between diagnosis of the index case (IC) and inclusion in the study was 2.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.5–4.4) and 7.4 years (IQR = 3.8–9.7) when we reassessed the development (or not) of active TB. The median age at the time of exposure to the IC was 6.6 years (IQR = 3.3–9.4) and 14.1 years (IQR = 8.9–17.7) at the last follow-up. Of the 99 children and adolescents in contact with smear-positive PTB, 21.2% (95% CI = 14.0–29.9) were diagnosed with LTBI, and none developed active TB. There was no statistically significant difference between the LTBI and non-LTBI groups regarding demographic, socioeconomic, and epidemiological characteristics. Unlike national and international scenarios, we found a lower frequency of LTBI and no active TB among our studied patients. For better understanding of these findings, further studies might add, among other factors, host and Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetic features.
Integration of Human African Trypanosomiasis Control Activities into Primary Healthcare Services: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mulenga Philippe , Chenge Faustin , Boelaert Marleen , Mukalay Abdon , Lutumba Pascal , Lumbala Crispin , Luboya Oscar , Coppieters Yves
Published: September 2019

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) also known as sleeping sickness is targeted for elimination as a public health problem by 2020 and elimination of infection by 2030. Although the number of reported cases is decreasing globally, integration of HAT control activities into primary healthcare services is endorsed to expand surveillance and control. However, this integration process faces several challenges in the field. This literature review analyzes what is known about integrated HAT control to guide the integration process in an era of HAT elimination. We carried out a scoping review by searching PubMed and Google Scholar data bases as well as gray literature documents resulting in 25 documents included for analysis. The main reasons in favor to integrate HAT control were related to coverage, cost, quality of service, or sustainability. There were three categories of factors influencing the integration process: 1) the clinical evolution of HAT, 2) the organization of health services, and 3) the diagnostic and therapeutic tools. There is a consensus that both active and passive approaches to HAT case detection and surveillance need to be combined, in a context-sensitive way. However, apart from some documentation about the constraints faced by local health services, there is little evidence on how this synergy is best achieved.
Impact of the Green Light Program on haze in the North China Plain, China
Authors: Long Xin , Tie Xuexi , Zhou Jiamao , Dai Wenting , Li Xueke , Feng Tian , Li Guohui , Cao Junji , An Zhisheng
Published: September 2019

Abstract. As the world's largest developing country, China
has undergone ever-increasing demand for electricity during the past few
decades. In 1996, China launched the Green Light Program (GLP), which
became a national energy conservation activity for saving lighting
electricity as well as an effective reduction of the coal consumption for
power generation. Despite the great success of the GLP, its effects on
haze have not been investigated and well understood. This study focused on
assessing the potential coal saving induced by the improvement of luminous
efficacy, the core of the GLP, and on estimating the consequent effects on the
haze in the North China Plain (NCP), where a large number of power
plants are located and are often engulfed by severe haze. The estimated potential
coal saving induced by the GLP can reach a massive value of 120–323 million
tons, accounting for 6.7 %–18.0 % of the total coal consumption for thermal
power generation in China. There was a massive potential emission reduction
of air pollutants from thermal power generation in the NCP, which was
estimated to be 20.0–53.8 Gg for NOx and 6.9–18.7 Gg for SO2 in
December 2015. The potential emission reduction induced by the GLP plays
important roles in the haze formation, because the NOx and SO2 are
important precursors for the formation of particles. To assess the impact of
the GLP on haze, sensitivity studies were conducted by applying a regional
chemical–dynamical model (WRF-CHEM). The model results suggest that in the
case of lower-limit emission reduction, the PM2.5 concentration
decreased by 2–5 µg m−3 in large areas of the NCP. In the case
of upper-limit emission reduction, there was much more remarkable decrease
in PM2.5 concentration (4–10 µg m−3). This study is a good
example to illustrate that scientific innovation can induce important
benefits for environment issues such as haze.