bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 5-Factor Modified Frailty Index as a Predictor of Post-operative Complications in Males Undergoing Mastectomy
Authors: Towfighi Parhom , Deldar Romina , Cach Gina , Sogunro Olutayo , Fan Kenneth , Song David
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The modified five-item frailty index (mFI-5) is a valuable tool for preoperative risk stratification of patients. There is a paucity of literature regarding the use of the mFI-5 in regard to males undergoing mastectomy. The aim of this study was to determine if the mFI-5 can predict negative postoperative outcomes.
Methods: The 2005-2016 NSQIP database was queried to identify males aged 60 or older who underwent total mastectomy. Patient demographics, comorbidities, perioperative factors, and postoperative complications were collected. Patients were divided into cohorts based on whether their mFI-5 score was <2 or >2. Primary outcomes included prolonged postoperative length of stay (LOS), defined as greater than 75th percentile of the study population, and postoperative complications.
Results: A total of 1,251 patients were identified, of which 958 patients (76.6%) had mFI-5 scores <2 and 293 patients (23.4%) had mFI-5 scores >2. A significantly higher prevalence of medical complications occurred in the higher mFI group (6.1% vs. 1.6%, p<0.001). The mFI-5 was an independent risk factor for postoperative medical complications (OR 2.70, 95% CI, 1.28-5.68, p=0.009).
Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate the utility of mFI in predicting postoperative complications in males undergoing total mastectomies. We demonstrate that mFI has utility and is applicable as a risk stratification tool for males undergoing mastectomy.
Reflexiones teórico-metodológicas sobre la escritura de la guerra contra el narcotráfico. Notas desde la historia ambiental
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Bonada Chavarria Alejandro
Published: January 2023

La violencia derivada de la guerra contra el narcotráfico en México, iniciada en 2006, es uno de los temas más preocupantes de la actualidad debido a las múltiples desapariciones, masacres,desplazamientos y violaciones a los derechos humanos que se han dado en el margen de este conflicto. Desde la academia, distintas disciplinas emprenden diversos análisis para comprender las causas y consecuencias de este proceso que está en vías de alcanzar una mediana duración braudeliana. Estos acercamientos van desde los estudios culturales, lo simbólico y corporalidades, hasta las dinámicas logísticas de las organizaciones criminales. A pesar de estos esfuerzos, existen múltiples vacíos que es preciso explorar para abonar a la comprensión del fenómeno, siendo uno de ellos el socioambiental. En este sentido, el artículo presenta un balance crítico de los aportes académicos y algunas líneas de investigación que pueden desarrollar la cuestión socioambiental.
La mediación familiar como instrumento para la transformación de los conflictos judicializados
Authors:   Instituto de Justicia Alternativa del Estado de Jalisco, Rojo Zarate Maria Fernanda
Published: January 2023

La mediación es una herramienta útil para la transformación de los conflictos que se presentan en el contexto familiar, inclusive cuando estos han escalado a procesos judiciales. La reconfiguración familiar, como consecuencia de la ruptura de pareja, tiene un fuerte impacto sobre su sistema, por lo que este artículo explora la tendencia a la hiperjudicialización de los confiictos familiares y revisa la naturaleza de la intervención del Instituto de Justicia Alternativa del Estado de Jalisco (IJA) en procesos judiciales a través de los Métodos Alternos de Solución de Conflictos (MASC) y su potencial para la gestión positiva de los conflictos en la familia.
Discapacidad e incluso social en el entorno de los Métodos Alternos de Resolución de Solución de Conflictos en Jalisco
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Salgado Angulo Christian Axel
Published: January 2023

Si bien es cierto que en México la justicia alternativa en general y los Métodos Alternos de Solución de Conflictos en particular han mostrado avances significativos desde su implementación, también es verdad que han evidenciado ciertas áreas donde los progresos no han sido tan visibles. En esta tesitura, tomando como referente de estudio al estado de Jalisco y a su Instituto de Justicia Alternativa del Estado de Jalisco, este documento plantea que actualmente existe una insuficiencia de recursos y lineamientos normativos para la aplicación de dichos métodos, de manera específica cuando son parte del proceso de mediación personas que poseen algún tipo de discapacidad. El texto está organizado en tres partes. La primera se hace una breve exposición de la discapacidad y los Métodos Alternos en Jalisco. En la segunda se analiza una breve exposición de la instauración de la Justicia Alternativa en Jalisco y el tratamiento que se plantea para las personas con discapacidad. En la última parte, se hace un señalamiento preliminar sobre la ausencia de ciertos recursos y lineamientos que presentan estos métodos a la hora de operar cuando están presentes personas con algún tipo de discapacidad, así como la normatividad estatal con que operan los MASC en la entidad. Española.
Orígenes, experiencias y perspectivas de la Justicia Alternativa en Jalisco
Authors:   Instituto de Justicia Alternativa del Estado de Jalisco, Meza Velazquez Sanjuana Verónica , Zepeda Lecuona Guillermo Raul ,   Instituto de Estudios Superiores para la Paz y el Desarrollo (México)
Published: January 2023

El Instituto de Justicia Alternativa es el órgano encargado de capacitar y acreditar mediadores en Jalisco, difundir la importancia de la Justicia Alternativa en el estado y validar los acuerdos derivados de esta aproximación a la justicia. Es, sin duda, una institución nodal para el desarrollo de los MASC en el estado. Por lo tanto, es pertinente mostrar una serie de reflexiones sobre los orígenes de la institución, sus logros y dificultades a lo largo de una década de trabajo ininterrumpido. En un sentido más profundo, en esta intervención se pondera la importancia de la Justicia Alternativa para la sociedad, el impacto potencial de esta y la figura del mediador dentro de estos procesos.
Prisión preventiva desde el control de convencionalidad de la corte interamericana de derechos humanos
Authors: Ordoñez López Richard
Published: January 2023

La presente reflexión bibliográfica está fundamentada en el objetivo de mostrar, desde la postura de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, sobre la temática concerniente a la prisión preventiva, se aborda desde el sistema ideológico liberal hasta el contraste latinoamericano, en efecto de permeabilidad de estos sistemas penales Europeos hacia sus colonias en América. Seguidamente, se hace un análisis de la prisión preventiva desde la perspectiva de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, al igual que un diagnóstico sobre el uso abusivo de la prisión preventiva en el Centro y Sur América, finalizando en las recomendaciones para prevenir el uso indiscriminado de esta práctica mencionada. Así mismo, el presente estudio concluye de manera general que las preocupaciones referente al objeto de investigación; son justificadas y legitimas por lo que las alertas del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos al advertir el uso desproporcionado de la prisión preventiva en los Estados partes de la OEA, qué al analizarse no deja de evidenciar que su empleo abusivo desconoce la naturaleza cautelar y procesal de la detención preventiva.
Análisis sociopolítico de los orígenes, desarrollos y modelos de la justicia transicional
Authors: Florez Muñoz Daniel
Published: January 2023

En el presente artículo de reflexión se indagará en torno a los orígenes y desarrollo de la noción de justicia transicional a la luz de las experiencias sociopolíticas asociadas con los procesos de superación de escenarios de conflictividad política y de construcción de paz. En ese sentido, se precisarán los principales modelos de justicia transicional hegemónicos en periodos históricos concretos, así como la relación que existe entre esta noción y los desarrollos de la defensa judicial de los derechos humanos a nivel global. Lo anterior permitirá la comprensión de la justicia transicional como un concepto dinámico, íntimamente ligado a los contextos propios de las conflictividades objeto de superación, en el cual cada uno de sus instrumentos o mecanismos ostenta una especial relevancia en atención al tipo de conflictividad y las condiciones sociopolíticas que permitieron el inicio del proceso transicional.
Constitucionalización del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos: Una mirada desde el enfoque Basado en Derechos Humanos y Goce Efectivo de Derechos
Authors: Caro Benítez Melisa
Published: January 2023

La política internacional sobre protección de Derechos Humanos que se encuentra en curso actualmente ha sido definida por la Resolución que dio origen a los objetivos de Desarrollo sostenible. Estos objetivos buscan alcanzar una sociedad con desarrollo humano que se enfoque en los ciudadanos como capitales de capacidades y no como capital de trabajo. El presente Articulo se encarga de describir las bases teóricas prácticas de la materialización de estos objetivos, lo cual se traduce en la implementación de los Derechos Humanos dentro del Derecho interno de cada Estado. La metodología usada es la analítico descriptiva con la que se pretende responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿El Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos ha puesto un límite a la comunidad internacional en la garantía y respeto de los derechos humanos parte de los Estados?.
Los protagonistas en la conducta punible
Authors: Salgado González Álvaro
Published: January 2023

Los preceptos penales de la parte especial describen generalmente acciones de una sola persona, y así se conoce como el autor el “quien” o el “que”, anónimos con que empiezan la mayoría de las descripciones típicas. El legislador parte del supuesto de que el autor es quien realiza la totalidad de los elementos del tipo en su propia persona. El nuevo derecho caracteriza al autor individual, pues mediante el precepto de castigar como autor a quien comete por sí mismo la conducta punible, así nos lo indica, pero lo cierto es que el agente no siempre actúa solo, sino también en colaboración con otros. Se tiene, por tanto, que el ordenamiento jurídico se encuentra ante el problema de la intervención de varias personas en una conducta punible. Véase a guisa de ejemplo las instituciones de la autoría, coautoría, autoría mediata, determinación, complicidad, interviniente. Como objetivo se busca estudiar, comentar, criticar los distintos factores que giran alrededor de la temática. En consecuencia, en el desarrollo de este artículo se hizo uso del método analítico investigativo.
BEDANDENG KUTAI: ORNAMENTASI MELISMATIS DALAM BEDANDENG KUTAI
Authors: Pratama Zamrud Whidas , Setyoko Aris , Purwanti Purwanti
Published: January 2023

One form of singing or humming that is spread orally is a traditional song or hum that comes from the Kutai tribe called Bedandeng. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on how the history and types contained in the art of Bendadeng. The theory used in this research is historical theory. In addition to the theory about history, the author will also describe the notation of the nyanyain or humming bedandeng. To study it, a qualitative descriptive study was chosen by prioritizing a musicological approach. Data collection is done by (1) literature study, (2) observation, (3) interview, (3) documentation. The stages in analyzing data are (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) data analysis (4) conclusion. Clarification of data was again carried out using data triangulation techniques. The results of the study show dandeng or bedandeng is one of the speech arts that exists and develops in Kutai. Bedandeng is a song of lamentation to express what is in the heart. In bedandeng when singing it is not accompanied by any instruments or music and is sung in a recitative way. When viewed from the form of the melody and the lyrics of the bedandeng melody, each melodic phrase has a melismatic ornament. Melismatic ornaments are found at the end of each melodic phrase. It is said to have many melismatic ornaments because in singing Bedandeng, one syllable can be sung with several tones.Kata Kunci: Ornamentasi, Vokal, Bedandeng Kutai.
Cittaslow (Sakin Şehir) Yaklaşımının Sürdürülebilir Yerel Kalkınmaya Etkisi: Şavşat Örneği
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Atakan , İPEK Fatma , KAYACAN Bekir
Published: January 2023

Araştırma ile Cittaslow üyeliğinin sürdürülebilir yerel kalkınma üzerindeki etkisinin Şavşat örneğinde sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel boyutlar dikkate alınarak belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla iki bileşenli bir araştırma modeli tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın ilk bileşeninde yerel halk anketleri kullanılırken, ikinci bileşeninde sakin şehir üyelik kriterlerinin karşılanma düzeyindeki zamansal değişimin izlenmesine imkân sağlayan kriter bazlı bir puanlandırma sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Anket sonuçlarına göre sakin şehir hareketinin Şavşat’ın sürdürülebilir yerel kalkınmasını sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel açılardan olumlu yönde etkilediği, ancak bu etkinin henüz orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Puanlandırma sistemi sonuçlarına göre 2015-2019 döneminde sakin şehir üyelik kriterlerinin genel karşılanma düzeyinde yaklaşık %19 oranında bir artış söz konusu iken, artış sürdürülebilirlik boyutları içinde en fazla sosyal boyutta gerçekleşmiştir. Sakin şehir yaklaşımının Şavşat’ın sürdürülebilir yerel kalkınmasına yönelik olumlu etkilerinin çeşit ve etki düzeyi olarak artırılabilmesi için; sakin şehir ölçütleri doğrultusunda ve katılımcı bir anlayışla ilçe geneline yönelik planlamaların yapılması ve uygulanması, unvanın halkın tamamı tarafından yeterince sahiplenilmesi için çalışmalar yapılması ve unvanın alınması sürecinde sergilenen kurumlar arası iş birliğinin ve çalışmaların devam ettirilmesi önem arz etmektedir.
A study on prediction of freshwater diffusion by water discharge from Sanae reservoir in Doam bay
Authors:   Korean Ecological Engineering Society, Kim Jong Gu , Kim Dong-Myung
Published: January 2023

To estimation of effect by water discharge from Sanae reservoir in Doam bay, we were conducted to field survey and numerical simulation. In field sequence survey, physical effects by water discharge from Sanae reservoir appeared clearly at discharge early, and decreased greatly since 2 tidal period. Flow pattern of flood tide to calculated by hydrodynamic model was appeared to inflow through two channel, Maryang~Gogeumdo and Wando~Gogeumdo. Flow pattern of ebb tide showed reverse pattern to flood tide. The residual current, which were obtained by intergrating the simulated tidal currents over 1 tidal cycle, showed more than 10cm/sec at interval sea of Maryang and Gogeumdo. And the front sea of Sanae reservoir appeared fewer than 5 cm/sec. The range of salinity decrease by numerical simulation appeared extensively when ebb tide than flood tide. When water discharge increased 30% of total reservoir capacity, freshwater Diffusion area was shown to inner area in Doam bay. And when water discharge increased 50%, effect area extended to Maryang sea area.
The analysis of water factors for management of lake eutrophication in Paldang lake
Authors:   Korean Ecological Engineering Society, Lee Suwoong , Lee Siwon
Published: January 2023

It is necessary to comprehensively understand about lake water quality, environmental factors to successfully manage environmental problems such as eutrophication and mass propagation of phytoplankton in lakes. When it comes to a method of eutrophication evaluation, Carlson’s trophic state index (TSI) has been used so far but was not suitable for artificial lakes in Korea. Accordingly, a new Korean trophic state index (TSIKO), was developed and utilized by National Institute of Environmental Research. The purpose of this research is to identify current situation of water quality in the six spots of artificial lakes, to measure eutrophication through Korean TSIKO, to finally provide information on lake eutrophication management. As a result, Chl-a (Chlorophyll a) of KAC9 showed higher than others. According to Korean TSIKO, nutritional status by lake In 2016 showed that Paldang Lake was mesotrophic·eutrophic In the long-term from 2008 to 2016, Korean TSIKO of Paldang Lake ranged from 44 to 50 and it was assessed mesotrophic·eutrophic as well. To conclude, in the Han River That is why going downstream and increasing inflow link to increasing retention time in the lake as well as an increase of algae, nutrients and so on, it could be reasons of eutrophication and needs management continuously with nonpoint pollution. This paper could be applied a basic resource for comprehensive management of lake eutrophication by types of lake.
Conflicto de competencias en la justicia ordinaria y justicia indígena
Authors: Chuma Quizhpi Luis Antonio , Pozo Cabrera Enrique Eugenio
Published: January 2023

Introducción: Este artículo replantea el razonamiento extendido entre la justicia ordinaria y la justicia indígena, que, desde épocas históricas hasta la actualidad, demuestra que ha existido conflicto de competencias entre las dos jurisdicciones, ya que la ordinaria ha garantizado el debido proceso, mientras que la jurisdicción indígena tiene como fundamento lo ancestral. Por ello, la necesidad de poner en marcha en la justicia indígena da como prioridad contar con una normativa infra constitucional, al menos un ejercicio de descarte sobre que materias no pueden incorporarse al ámbito de conflicto interno pese a que se haya acontecido en la comunidad, esto con la finalidad de garantizar el debido proceso y la seguridad jurídica. Metodología: Metodología de carácter inductivo, deductivo e histórico, en virtud de que se analizaron diferentes normativas, artículos y leyes que permitieron desde un estudio comparado de derecho llegar a inferir en su aplicación y uso en la legislación ecuatoriana, además, desde el análisis propio de casos y sentencias se pudo llegar a identificar los vacíos existentes en nuestra carta magna con referencia a la justicia indígena. Resultados: La justicia indígena en el Ecuador, parte de los grupos humanos que preservan sus culturas tradicionales, costumbres, decisión de la mayoría de las personas resistiendo la aplicación de la justicia ordinaria, en referencia al comportamiento de una conducta que ha cometido el ilícito que se encuentra sancionado de manera drástica en las comunidades, pueblos y nacionalidades. Conclusión: Se debe indicar que, para los autores citados y sentencias de la Corte Constitucional, es notorio que existe ese conflicto de competencias entre la jurisdicción ordinaria y la jurisdicción indígena, por cuanto no existe en la justicia indígena una norma supletoria que permita garantizar un debido proceso y seguridad jurídica.
English language education in a rural school
Authors: Lucero Chillagana Evelyn Estefania , Tigasi Chiluisa Beatriz Margarita , Cando Guanoluisa Fabiola Soledad
Published: January 2023

El inglés es uno de los idiomas más hablados alrededor del mundo, entonces es necesario la introducción de este idioma en todas las instituciones educativas. Este estudio se enfoca en identificar la realidad de la enseñanza del idioma inglés en una escuela rural de Latacunga. Esta investigación fue un estudio cualitativo descriptivo que utilizó la entrevista semi estructurada y observación como métodos como método de recolección de datos. Los resultados a partir de la entrevista hecha a siete miembros de la comunidad educativa revelaron que la falta de recursos de enseñanza, la escasez de docentes de inglés, la poca motivación en los estudiantes y un carente ambiente escolar son algunos de los problemas más comunes que enfrenta esta escuela. Además, los datos obtenidos por medio de la observación revelan que las instalaciones escolares deben mejorarse para promover mejores experiencias de aprendizaje. No obstante, es importante reconocer el esfuerzo por la comunidad escolar en mantener una institución estable.
Guía de prevención de violencia "Convivencia positiva": Para preescolares
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Pacurucu-Pacurucu Ana Lucía , Chocho-Orellana Ximena , Carchipulla-Aguilar Verónica Elizabeth ,   Universidad del Azuay,   Universidad del Azuay
Published: January 2023

La guía contará, como primer punto, con una introducción que abarcará los conceptos básicos de violencia, sus roles y consecuencias. A continuación, se ofrecerá una sensibilización, en donde se busca concientizar a las personas acerca del uso normalizado de la violencia en la actualidad, procurando poner en contexto a los participantes y lograr generar un cambio. Posteriormente se resaltará la importancia de desarrollar habilidades sociales, tales como la empatía, asertividad y habilidades de mediación y negociación; junto a actividades y pautas dirigidas a maestros y madres, padres de familia o tutores, para el trabajo tanto individual como conjunto con sus alumnos o hijos respectivamente. Dentro de las actividades se podrá encontrar recursos audiovisuales, los cuales se recomienda realizar una retroalimentación al final de cada video mediante preguntas acerca del tema tratado para lograr identificar adecuadamente la temática del recurso audiovisual. 62 páginas e-ISBN 978-9942-822-98-7
La evaluación docente en la Universidad del Azuay: Una visión humanista
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Malo-Toral Genoveva , Briones Miriam ,   Universidad del Azuay, Freire Manuel ,   Universidad del Azuay, Laso Ramiro ,   Universidad del Azuay
Published: January 2023

Este libro guarda correspondencia con lo que a julio de 2017 se comunicó a la comunidad universitaria. Son detalles que valoran el momento histórico y el entorno organizacional de aquellas circunstancias. Se lo propone nuevamente, porque da fe de la cultura de evaluación y acompañamiento que es parte constitutiva de la Universidad del Azuay y será siempre un documento de análisis y referencia para los académicos y cultores de la investigación. 72 páginas ISBN: 978-9978-325-74-2 e-ISBN: 978-9978-325-75-9
Enfoque médico quirúrgico durante la pandemia Covid-19
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Moyón-Constante Miguel Ángel , Salamea-Molina Juan Carlos ,   Universidad del Azuay, Barzallo-Sánchez David ,   Universidad del Azuay
Published: January 2023

Siendo conscientes de esta nueva realidad y cumpliendo con todas estas premisas, incluida la rapidez y la eficiencia en su realización, desde la comunidad quirúrgica de Ecuador se han desarrollado una serie de documentos que resumen fielmente la información existente y la escasa evidencia de la que disponemos sobre esta infección y que, de una u otra forma, repercuten sobre nuestra actividad cotidiana como cirujanos. Estos documentos incluyen desde aspectos generales, diagnósticos e incluso terapéuticos de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, hasta recomendaciones relacionadas con las distintas especialidades dentro del amplio abanico que compone nuestra profesión, analizando además otros aspectos como la protección de los profesionales a distintos niveles, las consideraciones relacionadas con la asistencia individual extra e intrahospitalaria o recomendaciones específicas sobre esquemas organizativos dentro de los centros hospitalarios. 566 páginas e-ISBN: 978-9942-822-57-4
Means of Proof in Criminal Proceedings in the Slovak Republic – New Challenges
Authors: Vaško Adrián , Klimek Libor
Published: January 2023

Background: Turbulent technological progress in the 21st century has caused the emergence of a number of new possibilities, especially technical in nature, and allowed for new means of proof as evidence. Legal regulation of criminal law in the Slovak Republic is responding to this trend, and progressive approaches to evidence which reflect the current level of development of science and technology are gradually being introduced. This article focuses on current challenges in the field of legislation regulating the issue of evidence in criminal proceedings.
Methods: Legal comparison, content analysis of websites, functional analysis of legal acts, and analysis of the decisions courts were used to process the research data.
Results and Conclusions: Current legislation on executing evidence in criminal proceedings in the Slovak Republic requires modification. There is especially the need to reflect on the current state of economic and dynamic technological progress in the 21st century. The recent list of evidence means in S. 119(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure is not complete but does not automatically reject the use of other means of evidence. Discussions on how to proceed are currently taking place within the professional public. We believe that in the near future criminal law must respond adequately and enable the use of evidence obtained by new technologies such as satellites, GPS, GLONASS, dashcams, vehicle software, communication technologies, location tracking, etc. Of course, the final word will always be given to the court, which will assess whether such evidentiary information is admissible and effective, or what "weight" it will have in deciding on a particular criminal case.
The Role of the United Nations as a Defender of Human Rights: A View from Albania
Authors: Baça Ferit , Anxhaku Adriana
Published: January 2023

Background: Every millennium, decade, and century, as well as every passing day, humanity wakes up with a dream of a ‘new world’, a world without wars and bloodshed. Despite this thousand-year-old dream, wars and their devastating consequences hang menacingly over humanity’s head like the sword of Damocles. For this reason, wars have been and will remain a key focus of researchers and philosophers. By studying the numerous causes and consequences of war, the necessary measures to guarantee security and peace worldwide can be determined. Although human society strides towards prosperity, the likelihood of war has not diminished but continues to threaten, with unparalleled ferocity, the existence of human life, peace, and security. The numerous agreements and treaties, both bilateral and multilateral, between different states have only temporarily avoided the outbreak of conflicts and wars. Therefore, the concepts of peace, defence, and the prevention of war remain at the centre of research today. Research works in these fields are geared towards a universal idea: ‘the protection of basic human rights’.
Methodology: This paper’s research methodology involves analysing data on the role of the UN as a defender of freedom and human rights. To achieve this, an extensive literature review was conducted. The review covers literature sources in both Albanian and foreign languages, written by well-known authors and provides a large amount of information and thoughts on the topic under consideration. The authors of some of the used works include Thomas Hobbes, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant, John Locke, Brian Tamanaha, Alexis Tocqueville, and Servet Pëllumbi. The research was conducted step-by-step and argument-by-argument using the logic of reasoning and the analysis of ideas. The relevant research works relate to the UN’s role as a provider and guarantor of human rights and freedom.
Results and Conclusions: In the opinion of the UN, the concept of democracy is closely related to the concept of protecting peace, freedom, and human rights. This is also the reason why the UN cannot remain indifferent in the face of cases of violation of freedoms and human rights under the pretext of respecting ‘state sovereignty’. The UN is today’s most important and powerful organisation for protecting human freedoms and rights, world peace, and international security. Based on the above discussion, a democratic society is nothing but the result of new relations between the power and freedom of an individual. ‘Human rights and freedoms’ do not constitute a mere bureaucratic formula but a request of the people for the development of the society in which they live. They resemble a ‘spiral’ that has only ascended since various theorists first presented their ideas on ‘human rights’. Infringement on human rights would simultaneously mark the infringement and the end of democracy itself.
A Review and Analysis of the Experiences of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trauma of Service Users in a Substance Use Service in South Wales
Authors: Petley Laura , Davies Bronwen
Published: January 2023

Background and aims: There is an established link between experiences of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use difficulties. This paper aims to further explore the complex relationship between childhood adversity, trauma and substance use. Method: This paper audited the number and nature of adverse childhood experiences and experiences of trauma reported by a sample of 25 individuals under a specialist substance use service in South Wales, in order to build on the current research on ACEs and substance use. The incidence of the ACEs and trauma in relation to the commencement of the substance use is also audited. Results: The findings show high levels of reported ACEs and severely traumatic experiences within the sample, consistent with existing research. Nineteen service users had reported experiencing childhood trauma and the sample had a mean number of 2.76 reported ACEs. The majority of service users had experienced trauma and ACEs prior to the commencement of their substance use, supporting the self-medication explanation of the cooccurrence between substance use with trauma and adversity. Conclusions: The findings have implications for service development in relation to promoting trauma informed services and meeting the psychological needs of those who have experienced trauma and use substances.
Epidemiological and Prognostic Aspects of Secondary Brain Insults of Systemic Origin in Patients Operated for Intracranial Tumor in Low-Resource Settings
Authors: Etoundi Paul Owono , Bengono Bengono Roddy Stephan , Amengle Albert Ludovic , Iroume Cristella , Jemea Bonaventure , Jacqueline Ze Minkande
Published: January 2023

Background: Secondary Brain Insults of Systemic Origin (SBISO) are factors that can aggravate a primary brain injury regardless of its origin (traumatic, vascular, infectious, tumoral, or surgical). The aim was to describe the type and frequency of SBISO occurring after intracranial surgery indicated for intracranial tumors, and to establish the prognosis of patients presenting with these SBISO. Methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study carried out at the ICU of the Yaoundé Central Hospital between January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2019. We enrolled patients operated for intracranial tumors and admitted in the ICU. The variables studied were data from the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative periods. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info 3.5.4 software. The chi-square test was used, the p-value being considered significant if < 0.05. Results: 93 patients were included during the period of study. The mean age was 45 ± 17.1 years and a sex- ratio of 1.27. We found 604 SBISO in 70 patients (75.3%). The most common SBISO were hypoxia (44.7%) and hyperglycemia (30%). The risk factors for the occurrence of SBISO were age ≥ 60 years (p=0.02), history of hypertension (p=0.005), patients classified ASA II (p=0.007) and intraoperative complications (p ? 0.001). The occurrence of SBISO was associated with a high mortality risk. Conclusion: SBISO are common in patients operated for intracranial tumors. Mortality was increased by the presence of SBISO.
DISTANCE LEARNING MATHEMATICS USING PQ4R LEARNING STRATEGIES (PREVIEW, QUESTION, READ, REFLECT, RECITE AND REVIEW)
Authors: Sutini Sutini , Sadieda Lisanul Uswah , Ummah Rohmatul , Muryta Azmi Wanda
Published: January 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic that has hit Indonesia poses a challenge for educators to find effective and efficient alternatives to distance learning. Therefore, this study aims to develop distance math learning devices using the PQ4R (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite and Review) learning strategies that are valid, practical and effective. This type of research is development research that uses the Plomp development model. This research was conducted at SMPN 1 Duduksampeyan Gresik in the 2021/2022 academic year. The learning devices developed consist of lesson plans and worksheet on the set material.The development phase consists of an initial investigation phase, a design phase, a realization or construction phase and a test, evaluation and revision phase. Data collection methods used are tests, observations and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the formula for the average value and the percentage was then classified according to the established criteria. The results of data analysis show that distance math learning devices using the PQ4R learning strategies are in the valid, practical and effective categories. This can be seen from the average validity of the lesson plan and student  worksheet of 3.78 and 3.87, respectively. While the average practicality of lesson plan and student  worksheet  are 3.93 and 3.92, respectively. The implementation of the syntax of learning mathematics is included in the very good category with a percentage of 100%. The response of students after participating in the lesson was very positive. Student learning outcomes are included in the very good category with a percentage of completeness of 90.63%.
ETHNOMATHEMATICAL EXPLORATION IN THE SURAKARTA HADININGRAT PALACE BUILDING
Authors: Dewi Erlinda Rahma , Ihsanuddin Roid Muflih , Huda Ayu Miftakhul
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis eksplorasi etnomatematika di Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat agar diperoleh informasi untuk mengembangkan etnomatematika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian deskriptif kualitatif berjeni etnografis. Peneliti berusaha menggali informasi melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Lokasi penelitian di Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di setiap bentuk bangunan maupun pada benda-benda peninggalan yang berada di Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat ternyata terdapat unsur matematika yang ditemukan. Pada atap pintu masuk keraton memiliki bentuk trapesium sama kaki. Pintu masuk ndalem keraton memiliki bentuk persegi panjang. Pada ornamen hiasan pada lampu memiliki bentuk lingkaran, dan bentuk guci yang terdapat di museum berbentuk tabung. Unsur-unsur tersebut dapat digunakan oleh para pengajar sebagai bahan pembelajaran pada kegiatan belajar mengajar khususnya pada mata pelajaran matematika. Unsur etnomatematika di Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam pembelajaran matematika, di antaranya konsep luas bangun datar, keliling bangun datar, luas permukaan bangun ruang, volume bangun ruang, dan transformasi geometri.
COVER AND TABLE OF CONTENT
Authors: Pembelajaran Matematika dan
Published: January 2023

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Peningkatan Kemampuan Operasi Hitung Pecahan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kontekstual Pada Siswa Kelas VII di MTsN 8 Kebumen
Authors: Tursini Tursini
Published: January 2023

This study aims to improve student learning achievement in Basic Competency: (1) explain and add and subtract two fractions with different denominators; and (2) solving problems related to addition and subtraction of two fractions with different denominators. The dependent variable (Y) in this class action research is the ability to operate arithmetic fractions. While the independent variable (X) is a contextual learning model. The form of this research is classroom action research with a cycle model, each cycle consisting of four stages, namely, planning, implementing action, observation and reflection, as a population (subjects given action) class VII D students of MTs N 8 Kebumen. Based on the results of the existing data analysis meeting, it can be seen that there has been an increase in results. In the initial conditions of student learning completeness 44%. With the use of the Contextual Learning Model, student mastery in cycle I became 72%. In cycle II, student learning mastery increased to 85%. From the entire cycle carried out, it can be concluded that the Contextual Learning Model can improve the ability to calculate fraction operations
Evaluation of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity by the Analysis of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI – a Comparison of Quantitative and Semi-Quantitative Methods
Authors: KALA D , ŠULC V , OLŠEROVÁ A , SVOBODA J , PRYSIAZHNIUK Y , POŠUSTA A , KYNČL M , ŠANDA J , TOMEK A , OTÁHAL J
Published: January 2023

Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a key feature of various brain disorders. To assess its integrity a parametrization of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) with a contrast agent (CA) is broadly used. Parametrization can be done quantitatively or semi-quantitatively. Quantitative methods directly describe BBB permeability but exhibit several drawbacks such as high computation demands, reproducibility issues, or low robustness. Semi-quantitative methods are fast to compute, simply mathematically described, and robust, however, they do not describe the status of BBB directly but only as a variation of CA concentration in measured tissue. Our goal was to elucidate differences between five semi-quantitative parameters: maximal intensity (Imax), normalized permeability index (NPI), and difference in DCE values between three timepoints: baseline, 5 min, and 15 min (Δ5-0, Δ15-0, Δ15-5) and two quantitative parameters: transfer constant (Ktrans) and an extravascular fraction (Ve). For the purpose of comparison, we analyzed DCE data of four patients 12-15 days after the stroke with visible CA enhancement. Calculated parameters showed abnormalities spatially corresponding with the ischemic lesion, however, findings in individual parameters morphometrically differed. Ktrans and Ve were highly correlated. Δ5-0 and Δ15-0 were prominent in regions with rapid CA enhancement and highly correlated with Ktrans. Abnormalities in Δ15-5 and NPI were more homogenous with less variable values, smoother borders, and less detail than Ktrans. Moreover, only Δ15-5 and NPI were able to distinguish vessels from extravascular space. Our comparison provides important knowledge for understanding and interpreting parameters derived from DCE MRI by both quantitative and semi-quantitative methods.
The Recent Rapid Development of the Directed-Energy, Home-Use Device Sector
Authors: Town Godfrey , Petersen Ron , Du Crest Dominique
Published: January 2023

This article presents an overview of this exciting new technology category, the development of the industry, and future trends in at-home cutaneous therapy using ‘directed energy’. New equipment directed at unwanted hair removal, traditional skin blemishes, and new targets are being developed using novel Class 1C lasers and intense light sources. Other directed energy devices include electromagnetic energy sources beyond those in the visible light and infrared spectrum, such as microwaves, radio frequency, and high frequency focused ultrasound. Both cosmetic and medical applications are being exploited to provide efficacy and specificity of treatment at the consumer-use level. Future applications will combine different directed energy sources to optimise results. Early clinical data following the use of home-use devices (HUDs) is indicative of at least temporary hair reduction and skin improvements, and several safety studies have shown most devices to be safe for consumer use. The HUD category is a new and fast emerging market, worth multimillions of dollars annually, and the emergence of consumer use devices reflects the needs of an ageing, wealthy, and wellness-oriented population. The new miniaturised products and appliances entering the market employing powerful and complex technology do, however, raise some health concerns. Safety standardisation and national regulation, however, seem to be somewhat behind the market development.
Towards a Standardised Method to Acquire and Store Liver Samples and Guidelines to Improve Quality Control and Exchange of Relative Expression Data
Authors: Riemers Frank M. , Rothuizen Jan , Penning Louis C.
Published: January 2023

The current ‘state-of-the-art’ molecular techniques are extremely sensitive and consequently prone to false results. Even more so than in the past, today’s hepatology research depends on high quality samples, especially for the molecular analyses. In all steps, starting with specimen sampling, fixation, storage, molecular processing and finally data calculation, variations in procedures between research laboratories may have a profound effect on the final conclusions. At the end of the day, this is an enormous drawback once data from different research institutes need to be reproduced, compared and/or combined. To improve standardisation, the so-called MIQE guidelines (Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real- Time PCR Experiments) were presented for quantitative PCR (qPCR) studies.1,2 Furthermore, around the same time, recommendations were presented regarding human biospecimen collection, storage and processing, the so-called BRISQ-guidelines (Biospecimen Reporting for Improved Study Quality).3 Finally, the editors of The Journal of Pathology as well as Histopathology required in the December 2012 issue of The Journal of Pathology that researchers needed to follow the BRISQ guidelines in their papers in order to improve the sample quality in biomedical research.4

These initiatives hold great promise to improve the comparison and independent reproduction of data acquired in different research centres. Pancreas, gall bladder and liver research will especially benefit from the standardisation protocols since these organ systems are highly vulnerable to post-biopsy autolytic degradation. This comment illustrates that standardisation in molecular liver research is not yet at the point where experiments can be easily replicated, and data can be compared and combined.
Sequential Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitor in Prostate Cancer: Piling-Up The Benefits or a Case for Cross-Resistance?
Authors: Tombal Bertrand
Published: January 2023

In the last 10 years, there has been accumulating evidence that, even in a low serum testosterone environment, the androgen receptor (AR) remains the main driver of prostate cancer progression. This has led to the discovery and clinical development of new anti-androgens and androgen biosynthesis inhibitors. Enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate are the lead compounds of this new generation of agents, but multiple other agents are on their way. Because they both target the ligand-dependent regulation of AR activity, it is plausible that cross-resistance may exist when both drugs are used sequentially, and that the benefit of these agents may fade away when sequencing them. As the exact mechanisms for cross- resistance between AR-targeted agents remain unclear at this point, additional clinical studies are crucial to define the exact combination or sequencing order that could yield highest clinical benefits. Moreover, new molecular targets are needed in order to address these resistances, as well as establishing biomarkers to improve patient selection that could most benefit from AR-targeted therapies, but also help develop novel agents to improve and optimise the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Role of Positron Emission Tomography with Fluorodeoxyglucose in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Liu Yiyan
Published: January 2023

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) has undergone explosive growth in clinical applications and has emerged as one of the most important imaging modalities in staging, restaging, detecting recurrence and/or metastasis, and monitoring therapeutic response, in most kinds of malignant diseases. However, to date, available experience with FDG PET/CT is limited in prostate cancer, mainly because prostate tumour is characterised by a slow glycolysis and low FDG avidity on PET imaging. Limited data suggested that FDG PET/CT might impact the clinical management of some prostate cancer in an adequate clinical setting, although this impact may be lower than that for other cancers. FDG PET/CT is useful for staging advanced prostate cancer with high Gleason score, detecting local recurrent or metastatic disease in some patients with biochemical failure, assessing treatment response, and providing prognostic information. More prospective clinical trials are underway to define the role of FDG PET/CT in prostate cancer, and more efforts will be made to develop novel radiotracers for PET imaging of prostate cancer.
Type I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Sjögren’s Syndrome: An Update
Authors: Sun Yiduo , Lin Jin , Chen Weiqian
Published: January 2023

Type I interferons (IFN) are widely expressed cytokines that play a pivotal role in the cell-intrinsic antimicrobial process, especially in viral infections. Studies have shown an increased expression of Type I IFNs and their induced genes in peripheral blood cells and exocrine glands from patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), indicating that the Type I IFN pathway a vital role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

The source of upregulated Type I IFNs in patients with SS is unknown. Many cells were reported to contribute to the process, especially plasmacytoid dendritic cells and other innate immune cells.

The activation of Type I IFN signalling was regulated by both genetic and epigenetic pathways, suggesting that genetic predisposition and environmental factors may affect the initiation and progression of SS. Treatments targeting the Type I IFN pathway are still under evaluation and more results are needed to see their value.

The authors’ review aims to summarise the functions and regulations of Type I IFNs in the pathogenesis of SS. They also summarise current treatments (including clinical trials) targeting the Type I IFN pathway in treating SS and provide potential targets for future studies.
Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro Pengrajin Kain Tenun Ulap Doyo di Tenggarong Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara
Authors: Santoso Eko Budi , Moenek Reydonnyzar , Rahmadanita Annisa , Ramadhani Wahyu
Published: January 2023

Kecamatan Tenggarong merupakan salah satu Kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara

Provinsi Kalimantan Timur yang memiliki khas kerajinan tangan kain tenun Ulap Doyo yang memiliki keindahan sangat khas membuat kain tenun Ulap Doyo banyak dibeli oleh konsumen akan tetapi permintaan para konsumen yang banyak belum dapat terpenuhi oleh para usaha mikro pengrajin kain tenun Ulap Doyo. Hal tersebut membuat Pemerintah Kecamatan Tenggarong terus berusaha mengembangkan potensi di bidang kerajinan melalui Dinas Koperasi dan UKM terutama dalam produksi kain tenun Ulap Doyo untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana pemberdayaan pengrajin kain tenun Ulap Doyo yang dilakukan Dinas Koperasi

dan UKM Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara dan kendala-kendala dalam pelaksanaannya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan induktif. Teknik mengumpulkan data yang terjadi

di lapangan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi . Sebagai pisau analisis, penulis mempedomani pendapat dari Murtyoso (2015). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan

usaha mikro pengrajin kain tenun Ulap Doyo yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Koperasi dan UKM belum terlaksana dengan optimal. Hal ini dikarenakan karena ada nya kendala - kendala dalam pelaksanaan pemberdayaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang menjadi kendala adalah sumber daya manusia terbatas, modal yang

kurang, serta bahan baku yang mulai langka. Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara

melakukan upaya untuk dapat mengoptimalkan pemberdayaan usaha mikro pengrajin kain tenun Ulap

Doyo.

Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro, Kain Tenun, Ulap Doyo