bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saudi students’ perspective towards language education policy of using the first language in teaching the second language
Authors: Alomaim Thamir Issa , Altameemi Yaser Mohammed
Published: July 2022

This is a mixed methodology study that explores language education policy (LEP) of using the first language (L1) in teaching the second language (L2). The literature points out that students’ perspective towards LEP of the preparatory year program (PYP) in Saudi universities has not been investigated before. This study engages with understanding students’ awareness about LEP of the PYP towards L1 and students perspectives towards using L1 in teaching L2. Students from all the tracks of the PYP, namely: medical, science and humanities tracks participated in this study. This study used interviews and questionnaires as tools to collect data. Data collection of this study was classified into two phases. The first phase was in 2015 and the second phase was in 2020. Data analysis of this study reveals that the majority of students in the first and second phases were not familiar with the LEP of the PYP towards L1. Data analysis points out that students’ perspective towards using L1 in teaching L2 did not correlate between the first and second phases of this study. Most of the participants in the first phase did not support using L1 in teaching L2. On the other hand, the majority of the participants in the second phase supported using L1 in teaching L2. Policy-makers in the PYP are encouraged, based on the results of this study, to adopt an “English-mainly” policy that considers students’ perspective in the LEP of the PYP and treats students as bilingual speakers of both the Arabic language and the English language.
A simple decision tree-based disturbance monitoring system for VSC-based HVDC transmission link integrating a DFIG wind farm
Authors: Damala Rajesh Babu , Patnaik Rajesh Kumar , Dash Ashish Ranjan
Published: July 2022

Fault detection and classification is a key challenge for the protection of High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission lines. In this paper, the Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO) algorithm associated with a decision tree-based fault classifier is proposed to detect and classify various DC faults. The Change Identification Filter is applied to the average and differential current components, to detect the first instant of fault occurrence (above threshold) and register a Change Identified Point (CIP). Further, if a CIP is registered for a positive or negative line, only three samples of currents (i.e., CIP and each side of CIP) are sent to the proposed TKEO algorithm, which produces their respective 8 indices through which the, fault can be detected along with its classification. The new approach enables quicker detection allowing utility grids to be restored as soon as possible. This novel approach also reduces computing complexity and the time required to identify faults with classification. The importance and accuracy of the proposed scheme are also thoroughly tested and compared with other methods for various faults on HVDC transmission lines.
Synthesis, characterization, and suitability of cocoyam starch-banana peels nanocomposite film for locust beans packaging
Authors: Fadeyibi Adeshina , Alabi Kehinde Peter , Fadeyibi Mary , Adewara Adewale Oluwaseun
Published: July 2022

Background

Packaging of locust beans is done to prevent deterioration and promote its shelf-life. This research was carried out to develop and evaluate a cocoyam starch-banana peels nanocomposite film for locust beans packaging. The film was prepared by gelatinizing a mixture of 0.36 g banana peels nanoparticles (~ 1.14–1.64 nm), 18 g cocoyam starch, and 18 ml glycerol in 300 ml distilled water at 90 °C. The thermal, structural, mechanical and barrier properties of the film were determined using standard procedures. A 100 g of the locust beans condiment was packaged using the film and compared with packaging in a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) at 5.16–7.58 pH and 16.67–11.50% moisture ranges.

Results

Results indicate approx. 3% weight loss with an increase in temperature (≤ 250 °C). The heat of decomposition in the process was 4.64 J/g, which depended on the transition temperature. Also, the film has high stiffness and creep along the line of topography in the atomic force imaging. The material permeates more to CO2 (27%) and H2 (67%) but has a low O2 (4%) and N2 (1%) gas permeabilities. The size of particles in the film was in the range of 3.52–3.92 nm, which is distributed across its matrix to create the pores needed to balance the gases in the micro-atmosphere. The microbial load of the locust beans decreased with pH and increased with moisture, but this was generally lower compared to those packaged in the LDPE at p < 0.05.

Conclusions

The film was a better packaging material than the LDPE since it recorded lower counts of the microbes throughout the storage. Thus, the nanocomposite film was effective in controlling the microbial growth of the locust beans irrespective of the sample moisture and pH over the 30 days packaging duration.
The lived experiences of pre-service science teachers designing and teaching socioscientific issues-based units
Authors: Karahan Engin
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of secondary science preservice teachers while designing and implementing SSI-based instructional processes, as well as their interpretations from these experiences. Phenomenological research that relies upon how individuals live out meanings in our everyday life was employed in this study. The participants of this study involved seven senior pre-service science teachers. Based on Seidman’s (Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences, 2006) phenomenological interview model, three in-depth interviews were conducted with each participant. The data analysis procedure of this study was done inductively via thematic analysis. The analysis of the interviews revealed the following themes: (1) Transformation, (2) Dilemmas, (3) Critiques, (4) Struggles, and (5) Change. This study demonstrated that pre-service science teachers’ views, ideas, and practices were transformed and changed during the 8 months of involvement in this phenomenological study. It was, therefore, fair to claim that the nature of phenomenological methodology provided opportunities for not only improvements on the participants but also observing and illustrating these changes.
Can computed tomography predict nodal metastasis in breast cancer patients?
Authors: Fakhry Sherihan , Abdel Rahman Rasha Wessam , Saied Hend Mahmoud , Saif El-nasr Safaa Ibrahim
Published: July 2022

Background

Axillary lymph node metastasis is considered one of the main prognostic factors clinically used for the evaluation of breast cancer patient. Also, an accurate diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastasis has a significant effect on the tumor staging and treatment planning. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive, available imaging modality that is capable of giving a real-time evaluation of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer cases. On the other hand, multi-detector-row computed tomography is increasingly preferred by clinicians to preoperatively evaluate regional lymph node status in many cancers. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of computed tomography against ultrasound in detecting axillary lymph node status in breast cancer patients.

Results

One hundred and fifty breast cancer patients were included in this prospective study. According to the final pathological results, 79/150 (52.7%) lymph nodes were metastatic, while 71/150 (47.3%) lymph nodes were benign with no evidence of metastases. Ultrasound examination has achieved a sensitivity of 76.4% and a specificity of 60.8% with overall diagnostic accuracy of 68.7%. Computed tomography (CT) examination has achieved a much higher sensitivity of 98.6%, a much lower specificity of 35.4%, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 65.3%. In our study, CT examination was superior on ultrasound in the determination of the level of lymph node affection, and this may be attributed to the dependency of ultrasound examination on the operator’s experience.

Conclusions

CT is not routinely used in the assessment of nodal stage. However, if used in proper clinical setting, it may increase our confidence in excluding nodal metastasis owing to its high sensitivity. Despite its low specificity, it may act as road map for the surgeon, providing the ability to assess all groups of lymph nodes as well as the number of the suspicious lymph nodes.
Impact of repeated patient counseling using different pressurized metered-dose inhalers training devices on inhalation technique, lung function, and asthma control in adult asthmatics
Authors: Sobh Ahmed H. M. , Rabea Hoda , Hamouda Manal Ali , Shawky Farid , Abdelrahim Mohamed E. A.
Published: July 2022

Background

Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) are among the most common devices that asthmatic patients use. The poor pMDI inhalation technique mostly results in poor lung deposition. The present work aimed to compare the impact of introducing two different training devices combined with their related smartphone applications on the proper performance of the inhalation technique and lung function in asthmatic adults.

Methods

A total of 316 patients were allocated to 3 groups, 105 in the control group (normal patient education group), 104 in the group using the Clip-Tone device and its smartphone applications, and 107 in the group using the Flo-Tone and its smartphone applications. Each group had three visits. Their number of inhalation technique mistakes was recorded, their forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was measured, and an asthma control test (ACT) was given. Afterward, they had their allocated training. Differences in medians of outcomes among repeated visits per group and different groups per visit were measured. Finally, correlation statistics between FEV1% of predicted and the correct performance of inhalation technique (as a whole and as separate steps) per visit were conducted to study any associations if existed.

Results

In the short term (after 2 visits), the Clip-Tone group showed significant superiority (p < 0.01) to both, the control and Flo-Tone groups, in terms of overall proper technique performance, and FEV1% of predicted. In the long term (after 3 visits), both interventions have shown significant superiority to the control in terms of correct inhalation technique performance (p < 0.05) and FEV1% of predicted (p < 0.01). None of them have shown significant superiority to each other. In terms of ACT scores, the Flo-Tone group showed significant improvement to both the control (p < 0.01) and the Clip-Tone (p < 0.05) groups in the second visit. In the third visit, both advancement counseling groups showed significant superiority to the control group (p < 0.01); However, the difference in medians between both Clip-Tone’s and Flo-Tone’s ACT scores disappeared. Weak, yet significant (− 0.146,p < 0.05) negative correlation existed between the number of mistakes in inhalation technique in the third visit and FEV1% of predicted. Correct performance of step 7 in the third visit showed a weak significant positive correlation (0.2,p < 0.01) with FEV1% of predicted.

Conclusion

Introducing new training devices to the normal counseling that provides visual and audial feedback has shown that they could further enhance the inhalation technique performance and subsequently the lung function outcomes and asthma control of asthmatic patients. Yet, larger studies might be required to test the superiority of one to another.
High-resolution imaging of subsurface infrastructure using deep learning artificial intelligence on drone magnetometry
Authors: Mukherjee Souvik , Bell Ronald S. , Barkhouse William N. , Adavani Santi , Lelièvre Peter G. , Farquharson Colin G.
Published: July 2022

The use of drones fo r geophysical data acquisition and artificial intelligence (AI) for geophysical data processing, imaging, and interpretation are active focus areas in current industry and academic applications. Unlocking their cumulative potential in single-focus applications can have a transformative impact, possibly leading to dramatic cost reductions in key use cases and new application areas for enhanced actionable business intelligence. We present field study results from Texas and California that show the potential for imaging pipelines and other subsurface infrastructure by using AI-based methods on high-resolution aboveground magnetic data. The superior resolution and interpretability over conventional geophysical inversion is demonstrated. The method has the potential to provide actionable intelligence in several business-use cases for detecting and characterizing pipelines, crossing zones for multiple pipes, etc. at dramatically reduced costs. The advanced algorithms and workflows used resulted in a 100-fold increase in efficiency and delivered results in two days compared to what could take several months using generally available open-source deep learning AI workflows and software. Future direction of development is to validate against excavation-/drill-bit-/inline-tool-based ground truth and further extend and develop this process to deliver near real-time results. The techniques used are general and can be applied to other geophysical data including seismic, electromagnetic, and gravity at various scales and resolution.
Commercial operation of a SQUID-based airborne magnetic gradiometer
Authors: Rudd Jonathan , Chubak Glenn , Larnier Hugo , Stolz Ronny , Schiffler Markus , Zakosarenko Vyatcheslav , Schneider Michael , Schulz Marco , Meyer Matthias
Published: July 2022

Gradient measurement of the magnetic field vector, especially full-tensor magnetic gradiometers (FTMGs), provides various advantages over gradient components derived from measurements of the total magnetic intensity (TMI). These advantages include higher spatial resolution, directional information, and thus more detailed anomaly delineation and a significantly better-constrained solution space for magnetic inversion and interpretation. However, the airborne application of FTMG instruments requires exceptionally high sensor resolution and low levels of motion noise to maximize these advantages and to achieve high exploration depth. Superconducting quantum interference detectors (SQUIDs) are an effective option for FTMG sensors, now available commercially in the system discussed herein. This SQUID sensor system comprises intrinsic planar-type gradiometers that produce data with sufficiently low noise for use on an airborne platform. The evolution and advancement of the system and its predecessor over the past two decades has produced a robust commercial system that produces high-quality full-tensor data sets from a helicopter-towed-bird implementation. Because the SQUID sensors measure directionally sensitive data, the processing of the acquired data is significantly more challenging than for TMI sensors. Noise induced by the motion of the bird during flight, especially rotational noise, must be monitored and compensated. The introduction of a more robust and aerodynamic bird has significantly reduced the noise of the system. This noise reduction translates into greater sensitivity and accuracy and, thus, heightened confidence in the use of the survey data sets. While much of the early use of the system has been in diamondiferous kimberlite exploration, the system has successfully flown surveys in mineral exploration for a variety of targets, including gold, nickel, and iron ore. These data sets provide greater confidence in the geologic interpretation across the survey areas. Other applications for FTMG surveying include infrastructure mapping, unexploded ordnance detection, and compensation of electromagnetic data sets in marine environments.
New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Novel Glucose-Lowering Therapies
Authors: Hsiao Fu-Chih , Yen Kun-Chi , Chao Tze-Fan , Chen Shao-Wei , Chan Yi-Hsin , Chu Pao-Hsien
Published: July 2022

Context

Whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are associated with lower risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in patients with type 2 diabetes was unknown.

Objective

We aimed to determine the comparative risk of new-onset AF with SGLT2is vs GLP-1RAs in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes in a real-world setting.

Methods

We used medical data from a multicenter health care provider in Taiwan and enrolled 16 566 and 2746 patients treated with an SGLT2i and a GLP-1RA, respectively, from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. Propensity score weighting was used to balance the baseline covariates. The patients were followed from the drug index date until the occurrence of new-onset AF or the end of the follow-up period.

Results

In this study, 54%, 45%, and 1% of the SGLT2i group patients were treated with empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and canagliflozin, respectively, and 65% and 35% of the GLP-1RA group patients were treated with liraglutide and dulaglutide, respectively. SGLT2is were associated with lower risk of new-onset AF compared with GLP-1RAs after inverse probability of treatment weighting (subdistribution hazard ratio: 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.97; P = 0.028). Subgroup analysis revealed that this finding was consistent among the following high-risk subgroups: older patients, female patients, and patients with cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease.

Conclusion

SGLT2is were associated with lower risk of new-onset AF compared with GLP-1RAs among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a real-world practice.
Animal Models of Preeclampsia: Mechanistic Insights and Promising Therapeutics
Authors: Taylor Erin B , George Eric M
Published: July 2022

Preeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy-specific disorder that is a major cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Central to the pathogenesis of PE is the production of antiangiogenic and inflammatory factors by the hypoxic placenta, leading to the downstream manifestations of the disease, including hypertension and end-organ damage. Currently, effective treatments are limited for PE; however, the development of preclinical animal models has helped in the development and evaluation of new therapeutics.

In this review, we will summarize some of the more commonly used models of PE and highlight their similarities to the human syndrome, as well as the therapeutics tested in each model.
Development of Regio- and Face-selective [2 + 3] Cycloaddition Reactions of Readily Preparable Oxime-substituted Nitrile Oxides with Silicon-linked Allylic-alcohol Moieties for Intramolecular Reactions
Authors: Umemoto Nao , Imayoshi Ayumi , Tsubaki Kazunori
Published: July 2022

Nitrile oxides are typically prepared in situ from nitroalkanes and converted to 2-isoxazoline heterocycles upon [2 + 3] cycloaddition with alkenes, providing synthetically useful intermediates such as β-hydroxy ketones and γ-amino alcohols. Herein, we prepared oxime-substituted nitrile oxides bound to allylic-alcohol derivatives through a silicon atom and demonstrated their intramolecular cycloaddition reactions. The desired cycloadducts were obtained as single regioisomers in good yields. Furthermore, face-selective cycloaddition reactions were achieved using α-substituted allylic-alcohol derivatives, affording the desired cycloadducts with high diastereoselectivity.
Interventional oncology of liver tumors: how it all started and where are we now
Authors: Solbiati Luigi A. , Arai Yasuaki
Published: July 2022

Liver was the very first organ for which interventional procedures were applied for the local treatment of primary and secondary malignancies. In this paper, the history of Interventional Oncology of liver, from the very beginning to the current situation, is summarized, including both percutaneous and intravascular procedures, and together with the evolution of the techniques for image guidance. The main ongoing developments, such as new techniques, combined interventional treatments and association of local interventions with new drugs are briefly described, too.
Level of development, foreign direct investment and domestic investment in food manufacturing
Authors: Djokoto Justice Gameli
Published: July 2022

Background: Whilst the literature on the complementarity and substitutability of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic investment (DI) is not uncommon, the facet of food manufacturing is non-existent. This paper fills this void by investigating the effect of FDI on DI in the food manufacturing sector for developing, economies in transition and developed countries.

Methods: Using an unbalanced panel data of 49 countries from 1993 to 2016, from FAOSTAT, estimated by the system generalised method of moments (GMM), the Wald statistics for the short and long-run effects of FDI on DI were computed for the development groups.

Results: Developed economies experienced a crowd-out effect of FDI on DI in the short run, whilst the others experienced no significant effect. In the case of the long run, the food manufacturing sectors of all three development groups exhibited a crowd-out effect. The effect in the long run for all development groups together is a crowd-in. Analysing all country groups together could mask the results of the various country groups.

Conclusions: A review of investment policies to prioritise FDI entry mode that favour domestic investment is needed. Improvement of the investment regulatory and administrative efficiency among others are recommended.
Regional clustering and waves patterns due to COVID-19 by the index virus and the lambda/gamma, and delta/omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in Peru
Authors: Toyama Melissa , Vargas Lucía , Ticliahuanca Sofía , Quispe Antonio M
Published: July 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact varies substantially due to various factors, so it is critical to characterize its main differences to inform decision-makers about where to focus their interventions and differentiate mitigation strategies. Up to this date, little is known about the patterns and regional clustering of COVID-19 waves worldwide. 

Methods: We assessed the patterns and regional clustering of COVID-19 waves in Peru by using the weekly mortality rates for each of the 25 regions as an outcome of interest. We obtained the death counts from the National Informatics System of Deaths and population estimates from the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status. In addition, we characterized each wave according to its duration, peak, and mortality rates by age group and gender. Additionally, we used polynomial regression models to compare them graphically and performed a cluster analysis to identify regional patterns. 

Results: We estimated the average mortality rate at the first, second, and third wave at 13.01, 14.12, and 9.82 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively, with higher mortality rates among elders and men. The patterns of each wave varied substantially in terms of duration, peak, impact, and wave shapes. Based on our clustering analysis, during the first wave caused by the index virus, the 25 regions of Peru presented six different wave patterns. However, the regions were clustered in two different wave patterns during the second and third, caused by alpha/lambda/delta and omicron. 

Conclusions: The propagation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) variants behaved in Peru with varying wave patterns and regional clustering. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the weekly mortality rates followed different spatiotemporal patterns with solid clustering, which might help project the impact of future waves of COVID-19.
Does Customer Email Engagement Improve Profitability? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Subscription Service Retailing
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Lu Lauren Xiaoyuan , Shi Pengcheng
Published: July 2022

Problem definition: This paper empirically investigates how customer email engagement affects the profitability of subscription service providers and retailers. They have been using email engagement to increase customer retention. However, it is unclear whether email engagement improves their profitability. The existing literature focuses on email engagement’s benefit of customer retention but ignores its associated operating cost to serve retained customers. Methodology/results: We analyze the outcome of a field experiment conducted by a large U.S. car wash chain that offers tiered subscription services to consumers and employs an radiofrequency identification-based technology to track subscriber service events. We apply survival analysis and difference-in-differences methods to estimate the effects of email engagement on subscribers’ retention and service consumption. We find that a one-month engagement with two emails separated by a half-month interval increased the likelihood of subscriber retention by 7.4% five months after the experiment started and decreased the subscriber churn odds by 26.3% for the entire five-month duration. Meanwhile, we find that the same engagement increased a subscriber’s per-period service consumption by 7.0%. We provide suggestive evidence for two behavioral mechanisms that explain the effect of email engagement on subscribers’ service consumption. First, the engagement effect decays over time and exhibits fatigue after the second email, suggesting that emails act as reminders to subscribers. Second, the engagement effect persists after engagement ends but weakens over time, suggesting the habit formation of subscribers. By computing subscriber lifetime value and the operating cost of service, we find that email engagement increases profit when deployed on mid-level infrequent-use subscribers and top-level subscribers but decreases profit when deployed on mid-level frequent-use subscribers and basic-level subscribers. Therefore, we recommend that the company use a selective strategy by sending engagement emails to only profitable subscribers. Managerial implications: Our study highlights that email engagement is a double-edged sword; it increases both customer retention and service consumption, and it may decrease profitability when the increased operating cost to serve retained customers outweighs the benefit of customer retention. We recommend that subscription service providers and retailers adopt a data-driven approach to optimize their email engagement strategies.
Escola, Família e Relações Intergrupais: Representações e Identidade Social de Pessoas com Deficiência Visual
Authors: Oliveira Daniela Cardoso de , Castro Amanda
Published: July 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender a relação entre as representações sociais da deficiência visual e a identidade social para pessoas cegas e com baixa visão. Foram entrevistadas 40 pessoas, 20 autodeclaradas cegas e 20 autodeclaradas com baixa visão. Utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. A transcrição das respostas compôs um corpus de análise, submetido a uma classificação hierárquica descendente pelo software IRaMuTeQ 0.2. Como resultados, observou-se a ancoragem da representação da deficiência visual nas representações de acessibilidade - sobretudo na escola -, dependência - principalmente na família - e limitação; a objetivação da pessoa cega expressa na bengala; e a identidade social das pessoas cegas relativamente coesa, enquanto das com baixa visão bastante fragmentada, além de ambas negarem seus grupos de pertença para se inserir no grupo de pessoas sem deficiência. Concluiu-se pela emergência de pesquisas e intervenções que enfoquem o trabalho com familiares e professores enquanto agentes de formação da identidade social para pessoas com deficiência visual.
Vinculação e Participação no PAEFI/CREAS na Perspectiva dos Usuários
Authors: Panisson Gelson , Gesser Marivete , Gomes Marcela De Andrade
Published: July 2022

Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar o processo de vinculação junto ao Serviço de Proteção e Atendimento Especializado a Famílias e Indivíduos (PAEFI), por parte dos usuários, de modo a compreender os sentidos atribuídos acerca de sua inserção e participação nesse serviço. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, levantou informações através de entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a nove pessoas atendidas no PAEFI de uma cidade da região sul do Brasil. A perspectiva da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural norteou a construção metodológica e analítica da pesquisa. Os núcleos de significação atrelados ao processo de vinculação junto ao PAEFI na percepção dos entrevistados foram: a) Contexto e movimentos no acesso ao serviço; b) Motivações e afetos relacionados à participação no serviço. O estudo apontou indicadores para pensar o contexto, a intersubjetividade e as contradições que envolvem as práticas psicossociais, vislumbrando o PAEFI como espaço potente da construção de vinculação com os usuários. Ressalta-se a importância de uma perspectiva ético-política voltada à participação e ao envolvimento dos usuários junto à política de assistência social brasileira.
Estado da Arte sobre Violência e Escola: Análises e Problematizações Ético-Políticas
Authors: Groff Apoliana Regina , Leandro Gabriel Carvalho , Lobo Julia Polizeli , Alves Juliana De Oliveira , Moraes Marta Corrêa de
Published: July 2022

Esta revisão de literatura mapeia e discute a produção acadêmica sobre violência e escola em artigos publicados entre 2003 e 2017 por autores(as) da área da psicologia. Adentraram o estado da arte 101 artigos, os quais foram analisados desde uma perspectiva crítica e interseccional, buscando compreender quais concepções sobre violência e escola orientam os estudos. A maioria decorre de pesquisas de campo, sendo a escola pública e os estudantes dos anos finais do ensino fundamental e médio, respectivamente, o contexto e os sujeitos mais investigados. Há uma escassez de pesquisas sobre racismo, sexismo, homofobia e capacitismo, violências presentes nas relações escolares e estruturais em nossa sociedade. Essa lacuna, atrelada a invisibilização dos marcadores sociais que constituem os sujeitos pesquisados, denota uma aderência à concepção de um suposto sujeito universal na psicologia e sinaliza a necessária problematização sobre as posições epistemológicas que permeiam esse campo de estudo. Consideramos fundamental que pesquisadores(as) da área da psicologia trabalhem com métodos de pesquisa alternativos e com a analítica interseccional, visando à escuta das narrativas de docentes, estudantes, famílias e comunidade sobre suas experiências de opressão e violências, e com a participação destes na elaboração de estratégias educativas e políticas de enfrentamento nas escolas.
Eating Disorders and Orthodontics
Authors: Dhadwal Amardeep Singh , Marnell Ben , Patel Anjli
Published: July 2022

In modern-day practice, there is an expanding population of patients with suspected or confirmed eating disorders. Increased awareness of the presenting features and manifestations of eating disorders is required for recognition of this situation and appropriate management. This article provides an overview of features of common eating disorders that may present in practice. It will draw attention to potential difficulties when orthodontic treatment is required and will make recommendations on how to judiciously manage potential problems.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article outlines issues of importance for the orthodontic team when encountering patients with known or suspected eating disorders and provides guidance in the appropriate management.
Craniofacial Microsomia: Aetiology, Classification and Clinical Features. Part 1
Authors: Gibson Clara , Mubeen Suhaym , Evans Robert
Published: July 2022

‘This article gives an overview of craniofacial microsomia (CFM), its diagnostic features and relevant classification systems. Craniofacial microsomia is the most common facial anomaly after cleft lip and palate. It has a wide phenotypic variance and requires a multidisciplinary approach for comprehensive management. We outline both the facial and dental manifestations and orthodontic implications.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: CFM patients often require comprehensive dental and orthodontic care and it is necessary for the clinician to be aware of the clinical challenges in treating this cohort of patients. By having a thorough understanding of the aetiology and clinical features, it can help direct appropriate clinical care.
DGAs die hard: detecting malicious domains using AI
Authors: Reddy D Bharathasimha , Talluri Srilekha , Reddy SL Ruthvik , Nagal Amit , Sood Aditya K
Published: June 2022

Cyber attacks are occurring at an exponential rate. Adversaries are opting for advanced techniques to abuse network protocols for conducting unauthorised operations. Domain generation algorithms (DGAs) are designed by malware authors to trigger malicious DNS communication. This article looks at the current state of DNS-based threats and how to detect DGA-based malicious DNS communication.
‘Mister Speaker! I therefore have no claim’ – Agda Östlund’s Entrance in the Parliamentary Debate in March 1922 in a Historical and Rhetorical Perspective
Authors: Gustafson Magnus
Published: July 2022

In March 1922 the Social Democrat Agda Östlund (1870–1942) speaks as the first female member of Swedish Parliament in the Second Chamber due to her own proposal for the state to take responsibility for arranging suitable work for tuberculosis patients when they leave the sanatorium, so that they can complete their convalescence. It may seem that democracy was once and for all established when women were finally included in the Parliament. But that was not the case. The question is how Agda Östlund acts in a formative historical stage after the first democratic election, how she finds a speaking position and how her speech can be understood in relation to the negotiation of the meaning of women’s civil and democratic rights.

This article includes a contextualisation and a text analysis where I go into how the text relates to a rhetorical situation. I see Agda Östlund’s utterances as rhetorical in accordance with the theoretical perspectives established by Lloyd F. Bitzer where the key concepts are rhetorical situation, problem, restrictions and audience. Agda Östlund uses the mother role as a rhetorical strategy, connects the issue of tuberculosis to the home and everyday environment and nursing, which are traditionally female spheres, and highlights class injustice in the possibility of completing convalescence after sanitation. The mother role and the factual and low-key argumentation have two purposes in this speech – partly to adapt to the Parliament order, and partly to present the actual issue. The rhetorical strategy is about using the mother role as a persona to make the class perspective a matter of care, nursing and compassion.

Östlund’s entry into the Parliament debate can be described as a rhetorically fragile situation because she speaks for the very substance of her own motion while at the same time following the committee’s line, in which she herself is a part, and demands a rejection of it.
Progression to arthroplasty surgery among patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Gustafsson Kristin , Kvist Joanna , Zhou Caddie , Eriksson Marit , Rolfson Ola
Published: July 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to estimate time to arthroplasty among patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA), and to identify factors at enrolment to first-line intervention that are prognostic for progression to surgery.

Methods

In this longitudinal register-based observational study, we identified 72,069 patients with hip and knee OA in the Better Management of Patients with Osteoarthritis Register (BOA), who were referred for first-line OA intervention, between May 2008 and December 2016. Patients were followed until the first primary arthroplasty surgery before 31 December 2016, stratified into a hip and a knee OA cohort. Data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and multivariable-adjusted Cox regression.

Results

At five years, Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that 46% (95% confidence interval (CI) 44.6 to 46.9) of those with hip OA, and 20% (95% CI 19.7 to 21.0) of those with knee OA, had progressed to arthroplasty. The strongest prognostic factors were desire for surgery (hazard ratio (HR) hip 3.12 (95% CI 2.95 to 3.31), HR knee 2.72 (95% CI 2.55 to 2.90)), walking difficulties (HR hip 2.20 (95% CI 1.97 to 2.46), HR knee 1.95 (95% CI 1.73 to 2.20)), and frequent pain (HR hip 1.56 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.73), HR knee 1.77 (95% CI 1.58 to 2.00)). In hip OA, the probability of progression to surgery was lower among those with comorbidities (e.g. ≥ four conditions; HR 0.64 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.69)), with no detectable effects in the knee OA cohort. Instead, being overweight or obese increased the probability of OA progress in the knee cohort (HR 1.25 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.37)), but not among those with hip OA.

Conclusion

Patients with hip OA progressed faster and to a greater extent to arthroplasty than patients with knee OA. Progression was strongly influenced by patients’ desire for surgery and by factors related to severity of OA symptoms, but factors not directly related to OA symptoms are also of importance. However, a large proportion of patients with OA do not seem to require surgery within five years, especially among those with knee OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):792–800.
Immunomodulatory role of T helper cells in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Luo Pan , Wang Peixu , Xu Jiawen , Hou Weikun , Xu Peng , Xu Ke , Liu Lin
Published: July 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves T and B cells and their reciprocal immune interactions with proinflammatory cytokines. T cells, an essential part of the immune system, play an important role in RA. T helper 1 (Th1) cells induce interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-2, which are proinflammatory cytokines, leading to cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Th2 cells primarily secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which exert anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic effects in inflammatory arthritis models. IL-22 secreted by Th17 cells promotes the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts through induction of the chemokine C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). T follicular helper (Tfh) cells produce IL-21, which is key for B cell stimulation by the C-X-C chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) and coexpression with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and/or inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS). PD-1 inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production. In addition, there are many immunomodulatory agents that promote or inhibit the immunomodulatory role of T helper cells in RA to alleviate disease progression. These findings help to elucidate the aetiology and treatment of RA and point us toward the next steps.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(7):426–438.
The Conflict in Ukraine: Regional and Global Contexts
Authors: Safranchuk Ivan
Published: July 2022

The political context of the current war crisis in Ukraine has at least three layers. To start from the bottom, the first layer is the crisis of the Minsk Accords.1 After the anti-Russia coup in Kyiv in February 2014, pro-Russia popular movements consolidated in several regions of Ukraine. In Crimea, this developed into separating from Ukraine and integrating into Russia. In several other regions like Odessa and Kharkov, such movements were forcefully suppressed. But in the two regions, Donetsk and Lugansk, they managed to survive as de facto, unrecognized states, fighting Kyiv. To stop that war, two Minsk accords were concluded with the mediation of Russia, France, and Germany. The accords provided ceasefire and political reform, including constitutional amendments, to give these pro-Russia regions special status within Ukraine. However, these accords were never fully implemented. Kyiv temporized because the nationalistic movements in Ukraine strongly opposed their implementation. One of the central elements of Volodymyr Zelensky’s presidential campaign in 2019 was the promise of peaceful reintegration of Donetsk and Lugansk separatist regions, which implied implementation of the Mink accords. After his election, however, President Zelensky came to the position of denying the Minsk agreements. Now Russian officials claim that Ukraine was preparing for a military assault on the separatist regions in 2022 to reintegrate them by force rather than through the implementation of the Minsk Accords. The sabotage and finally denial of the Minsk Accords logically implied the return to warfare, which these accords put an end to in 2014.
From rhetoric to action: confronting whiteness in social work and transforming practices
Authors: Yassine Lobna , Tseris Emma
Published: July 2022

Is being ‘culturally competent’ a sufficient response by social work to racialised oppressions and injustices, particularly in the context of Black Lives Matter? The social work profession has acknowledged the problem of racism within Australian society. Nevertheless, decades of scholarship has demonstrated social work’s ongoing involvement in policy and practice frameworks that reinforce and contribute to racialised oppressions. This article critically engages with this concerning disconnect between rhetoric and practice. In order to move beyond an acknowledgement of racial injustices and towards transformed practices, we argue that whiteness within the social work profession must be more thoroughly examined, including problematising notions of social work’s ‘professional innocence’ in relation to racism and white supremacy. We demonstrate the benefits of moving beyond rhetorical commitments and performative allyship, highlighting opportunities for new directions in social work education and policy, in addition to the importance of engaging with anti-racist grass-roots activism.
Routine politics of production in post-Fordist manufacturing
Authors: Vidal Matt
Published: July 2022

This article presents a theory of routine politics of production, which was inductively developed based on a case study of 22 supplier factories in the USA, including in-depth interviews with 31 managers and 52 workers. All factories had implemented lean production. The findings show that (i) some managers prioritise the qualitative upgrading of organisational capabilities over quantitative work intensification, (ii) this includes objective forms of worker empowerment, and (iii) many workers resist or are hesitant about these forms of empowerment (while being committed to their work). The majority of workers from this convenience sample described either no work intensification under lean or ‘positive intensification’, which by their own assessment reduces monotony and/or makes the work more challenging. The first necessary condition for routine politics of production to obtain is that managers prioritise qualitative upgrading over quantitative effort levels. The second necessary condition is worker reticence or resistance toward managerial attempts to change routines.

The article eschews theories of control and consent in favour of a classical Marxist framework emphasising labour process contradictions. Managers face conflicting pressures between deskilling and upskilling labour. Workers develop a contradictory orientation of alienated commitment. They are committed to being productive workers, in an attempt to realise a purpose in response to their alienation. Yet, in another manifestation of their alienation, experiences of bad management result in scepticism toward management. They embrace their work and Fordist conceptions of efficiency, wanting to see their organisation succeed, yet they contest managerial attempts to upgrade routines, which they deem inefficient.
Labour realities at Amazon and COVID-19: obstacles and collective possibilities for its warehouse workers and MTurk workers
Authors: Kassem Sarrah
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has only further magnified the already growing political-economic and societal power of platforms. This article delves into the different realities of platform workers by juxtaposing two cases: location-based Amazon warehouse workers and web-based Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers. Informed by a historical materialist approach that accounts both for the contextual conditions and the agency of workers, this article asks: how does the organisation of workers (location-based vs. web-based) relate differently to their labour organisation and mobilisation in light of the COVID-19 pandemic? By investigating agency through analysing the structural power of workers (that is, marketplace and workplace), this article argues that both Amazon warehouse workers and MTurk workers experienced a further dwindling of their already weak marketplace power as a result of larger co-evolving political-economic conditions. The former workforce did experience, however, an increase in their workplace power given the growth of Amazon during the pandemic. The fact that they are location-based plays a crucial role in framing their struggle vis-à-vis the direct health risks and their ability to mobilise to disrupt the circulation line. MTurk workers, on the other hand, experienced a further weakening of their workplace power. Given the challenges in disrupting web-based gig labour, workers continue to express their agency through more alternative forms by instrumentalising digital spaces to foster solidarity and support each other for better working conditions. These contrasting case studies shed light therefore on the wider repercussions of the nature of the platform and its relation to the political-economic conditions for labour’s agency.
Prevalence and trend of TB/HIV co-infection in Suhum Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Salisu Haruna M. , Ojule Inumanye N. , Adeniji Foluke O. , Kwakye George K.
Published: July 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections have been identified to form a deadly synergy that is posing serious threats to human health and economic development particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Six years into the end TB strategy, it is imperative to assess HIV detection rate among TB patients in order to determine the prevalence as well as establish the temporal trend of the co-morbidity in the Eastern region of Ghana where the magnitude of HIV and TB/HIV co-morbidity have consistently been noted to be high. The study reviewed records of 840 TB patients retrospectively from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 in Suhum Municipal. Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical data of study participants were extracted from the Municipal TB registers using an excel spread sheet. Data were exported into STATA version 16.0 for analysis with statistical significance set at p-value ≤0.05. Of the 840 TB patients, 793 (94.4%) were screened for HIV, with 18.6% (95% CI: 0.16–0.21) yielding positive results. A sharp increase in the trend of the co-infection was observed from 6 (14.6%) in 2009 to 21 (36.8%) in 2010. The highest (40.4%) co-infection prevalence was recorded in 2011. The study recorded an overall decreasing trend of the co-infection. Case detection rate for HIV among persons living with TB was high. TB/HIV co-infection rate in Suhum Municipal is high and occurs more often among females and persons aged 30 years to 49 years. A fairly stable prevalence trend of TB/HIV co-infection rate was also identified. In conclusion, ongoing integrated TB/HIV activities are showing good results and therefore need to be sustained.