bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muerte y resurrección de lo negro en el museo
Authors: Buitrago Landázuri Arley
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo aborda de manera breve una de las líneas de trabajo sugeridas dentro de la investigación-creación titulada: “En las fronteras de la masculinidad. Relato de un cuerpo tiznado”, tesis de magister que culminé durante el año 2019 en la Maestría en Estudios Artísticos de la Facultad de Artes ASAB, Universidad Distrital FJC. Por lo tanto,en el artículo se reflexiona sobre la creación de estereotipos alrededor de las personas racializadas negras, y hace especial énfasis en las formas en que el Museo Nacional de Colombia ha difundidonimágenes e imaginarios acerca de las personas racializadas negras. Finalmente se vislumbran algunos de los retos del museo en el siglo XXI.
Decolonialidad estética: ni blanquearse ni desaparecer
Authors: Gómez Moreno Pedro Pablo
Published: March 2021

Estudios artísticos como revista de investigación creadora se propone contribuir, entre otras cosas, al debate sobre la modernidad, colonialidad y decolonialidad. Esta tarea de largo aliento implica comprender, desde una perspectiva no eurocéntrica, el origen de la colonialidad; o, lo que es lo mismo, la instalación de la matriz colonial del poder en el siglo XVI, con el Descubrimiento-encubrimiento de América. Y no solo la originación de la colonialidad, sino también sus distintas dimensiones y modos de funcionamiento, sus lógicas, discursos y prácticas que atraviesan el saber, el hacer, el poder, el sentir, el creer y todas las prácticas de nuestra existencia.
Relaciones entre historia y teatro: la estructuración de la historia en las dramaturgias y de las dramaturgias en la historia
Authors: Duque Mesa Fernando
Published: March 2021

En este artículo, se continúa el sinuoso recorrido en el que se ponen de manifiesto las complejas interacciones y complicidades entre el teatro y la historia. A partir de las relaciones entre Shakespeare, Brecht y Becket se presenta la idea del teatro como tribunal de la historia, en el que sus personajes y acontecimientos a veces se confunden con los de la realidad. Así, teatro e historia, historia y teatro son para el autor dos dimensiones que se cruzan, se repiten, se convocan y se citan. Desde allí se explicarán las distintas formas del teatro político, el teatro crítico y el teatro experimental que dan cuenta metafóricamente de los convulsionados hechos de la historia colombiana. Una historia trágica y cómica, escrita por las élites a las que el teatro interpela creativamente con estrategias brechtianas de distanciamiento, e irónicamente con distintas formas de lo trágico, lo carnavalesco y lo festivo.
El consumo de películas Disney desde una mirada animalista
Authors: Alcón Tancara Sofía
Published: March 2021

La cultura visual del cine de animación Disney se presenta como un contenido multimedia de gran alcance que perdura en el tiempo. Por ello, hay un interés creciente de estudiar los mensajes que dichos filmes difunden en la actualidad, atendiendo al pensamiento y posicionamiento social del s. XX. Concretamente se emplea una mirada animalista y defensora de la liberación animal, realizando una crítica a dichos largometrajes y reinterpretándolos para ser utilizados como recurso pedagógico en las aulas de educación para los primeros años. Para ello, resulta significativo rescatar el trabajo artístico de Baptiste Drausin, quien –entre una variedad de especialistas– recurre a animales de las películas Disney para compartir la repercusión que les supone la acción humana sobre el medio en el que habitan.
El problema de la tipicidad y su relación con el discurso hegemónico de la antropología en La cara de la miseria de José Antonio Osorio Lizarazo
Authors: Cabra Jhon Erick
Published: March 2021

La siguiente reflexión tiene como finalidad explorar cómo el discurso hegemónico de la antropología permeó la creación literaria de José Antonio Osorio Lizarazo. Se parte de la idea de que la utilización de la tipicidad en la construcción de sus personajes responde a dicha influencia del discurso antropológico. Se tomará como corpus la recopilación de las crónicas que se publicaron en el año de 1926 bajo el título La cara de la miseria. En este orden de ideas, este documento estará estructurado de la siguiente manera: en §1 se expone el desarrollo de los planteamientos teóricos que guían el texto; en §2 se brinda una breve introducción a algunas de las características del realismo literario y su influencia en Osorio Lizarazo para la construcción de personajes a partir de la tipicidad. Y en §3 se presenta la aplicación de los aspectos conceptuales al corpus del autor.
Pamplona, un territorio para la construcción colectiva de sentidos en la obra de Eduardo Ramirez Villamizar
Authors: Moncada Gómez Rosa Isabel
Published: March 2021

El artículo explora, desde una mirada aimara, la visión del tiempo-espacio andino en los diálogos de El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo de José María Arguedas, inspirados en los relatos quechuas de Dioses y Hombres de Huarochirí. Asimismo, el artículo sugiere un modo distinto de interpretación de la realidad social de Chimbote en transformación. Por consiguiente, el artículo propone otras categorías y maneras de analizar la realidad social desde una perspectiva andina. Es una propuesta epistemológica distinta a las indigenistas de su tiempo. Para este análisis, se recurre a los relatos indígenas traducidos por Arguedas de la lengua quechua al castellano. Finalmente, se utiliza el archivo de la memoria oral para visibilizar un modo distinto de concebir y organizar el tiempo-espacio, y por consiguiente la palabra y el texto.
Modelling 3D Topography by Comparing Airborne Lidar Data with Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Photogrammetry Under Multiple Imaging Conditions
Authors: Ajayi Oluibukun Gbenga , Palmer Mark
Published: March 2021

This study presents the effect of image data sources on the topographic modelling of part of the National Trust site located at Weston-Super-Mare, Bristol, United Kingdom, covering an approximate area of 1.82 hectares. The accuracy of the DEM generated from 1m resolution and 2m resolution LiDAR data together with the accuracy of the DEM generated from the UAV images acquired at different altitudes are analysed using the 1 m LiDAR DEM as reference for the accuracy assessment. Using the NSSDA methodology, the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the DEMs generated from each of the four sources were computed while the paired sample t-test was conducted to ascertain the existence of statistically significant difference between the means of the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the check points. The result obtained shows that with a RMSE of -0.0101499 and horizontal accuracy of -0.175674686m, the planimetric coordinates extracted from 2 m LiDAR DEM were more accurate than the planimetric coordinates extracted from the UAV based DEMs while the UAV based DEMs proved to be more accurate than the 2m LiDAR DEM in terms of altimetric coordinates, though the DEM generated from UAV images acquired at 50 m altitude gave the most accurate result when compared with the vertical accuracy obtained from the DEM generated from UAV images acquired at 30 m and 70 m flight heights. These findings are also consistent with the result of the statistical analysis at 95% confidence interval.
Influence of the NAO robot as a teaching assistant on university students’ vocabulary learning and attitudes
Authors: Banaeian Hossein , Gilanlioglu Ilkay
Published: March 2021

This study investigated how the NAO robot as a teaching assistant affects the way university students learn vocabulary and their attitudes towards it. A mixed method approach was followed to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. A quasi-experimental design, including a pre-test and a post-test, was employed to explore the impact of the NAO robot on students’ vocabulary learning. Moreover, a questionnaire and an interview were used to identify the attitudes of the participants towards the NAO robot. The participants, who were taking a vocabulary course for language improvement as part of the regular curriculum of the program during the experiment, were freshman students of the English language teaching undergraduate program at a higher education institution in North Cyprus. Of the two groups, the control group performed slightly better than the experimental group even though the analyses did not show any statistically significant difference between them. Descriptive data analysis showed that most of the students liked the NAO robot and its abilities. However, related findings from the qualitative data were mixed. Most participants liked the NAO robot and thought that the robot helped them to learn the new words, while some thought that the technology needed to be improved.
Forms of therapy of a child with selective mutism in the environment outside the family, embedded in a behavioral therapeutic approach
Authors: Kos Ewa
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to present the forms of work and guidelines concerning the treatment of children with selective mutism in the light of the hypothesis that selective mutism should be perceived as an anxiety disorder that appears in childhood. On the basis of a thorough review of the literature, the Author discusses the forms of educational and therapeutic interaction that can be used in the treatment of children with selective mutism in accordance with the behavioural approach, and marginally with the psychodynamic approach.
MASCULINITY AS AN IDENTITY AND AS A CLUSTER OF TRAITS
Authors: Zieminska Renata
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the concept of masculinity within the non-binary and multilayered model of gender/sex traits. Within that model, masculinity is not a simple idea, but rather is fragmented into many traits in diverse clusters. The experience of transgender men and men with intersex traits suggests that self-determined male gender identity is a mega trait that is sufficient for being a man. However, masculinity is not only psychological, as the content of the psychological feeling of being a man refers to social norms about how men should be and behave. And male coded traits are described as traits that frequently occur within the group of people identifying as men. Therefore, I claim that there are two interdependent ideas in the concept of masculinity: the self-determined male gender identity (first-person perspective) and a cluster of traits coded as male (third-person perspective). Within non-binary model the interplay between the two interdependent ideas allows to include borderline masculinities.
BETWEEN TRADITIONS AND TECHNOLOGY: POLITICAL RADICALISM AND THE SPECTACLE OF MASCULINITY IN CONTEMPORARY POLAND
Authors: Śmieja Wojciech
Published: March 2021

Radical movements of the Polish far-right consist, as elsewhere, mainly of young men. The strict gender binarism, the exaltation of men’s power, homosociality, brotherhood, physical strength and subordination of women are omnipresent among 'angry white men' everywhere, Poland included. However, these general characteristics have always its local variants, trajectories, and particularities. This article is an attempt to explain the phenomenon of Polish radical right movements in its local context: cultural, social, economic. The article focuses on ‘The March of Independence’ – a cyclical celebration for radical groups, which proliferates the discourses of far-right radical masculinity. In the first part, the author focuses on the social and economic background, worldview and ‘masculinist’ ideology of Polish' angry white men’ (Kimmel 2013). The second part focuses on the historical and cultural coding of their 'aggrieved entitlement' (Kimmel 2013). The third part of the essay draws on Steve's Garlick (Garlick 2016: 163−193) concept of ‘spectacular masculinity’. It analyzes how modern technology contributes to the construction of ‘spectacular’ masculinity among the participants of the march/members of radical groups.
Ketamine-Induced Alteration of Working Memory Utility during Oculomotor Foraging Task in Monkeys
Authors: Sawagashira Ryo , Tanaka Masaki
Published: March 2021

Impairments of working memory (WM) are commonly observed in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders but they are difficult to quantitatively assess in clinical cases. Recent studies in experimental animals have used low-dose ketamine (an NMDA receptor antagonist) to disrupt WM, partly mimicking the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Here, we developed a novel behavioral paradigm to assess multiple components of WM and applied it to monkeys with and without ketamine administration. In an oculomotor foraging task, the animals were presented with 15 identical objects on the screen. One of the objects was associated with a liquid reward, and monkeys were trained to search for the target by generating sequential saccades under a time constraint. We assumed that the occurrence of recursive movements to the same object might reflect WM dysfunction. We constructed a “foraging model” that incorporated (1) memory capacity, (2) memory decay, and (3) utility rate; this model was able to explain more than 92% of the variations in behavioral data obtained from three monkeys. Following systemic administration of low dosages of ketamine, the memory capacity and utility rate were dramatically reduced by 15% and 57%, respectively, while memory decay remained largely unchanged. These results suggested that the behavioral deficits during the blockade of NMDA receptors were mostly due to the decreased usage of short-term memory. Our oculomotor paradigm and foraging model appear to be useful for quantifying multiple components of WM and could be applicable to clinical cases in future studies.
The US Panic of 1907 and the Coming of the Mexican Revolution
Authors: Gerber James , Passananti Thomas
Published: March 2021

Speculation about the causal relationship between the US panic of 1907 and the Mexican Revolution of 1910 has generated many hypotheses. We review the hypotheses of contemporary observers and recent historians. Our analysis begins with a timeline of events in both countries and then examines the available data for activities that are theoretically possible avenues for the international transmission of economic events, including trade and investment. Mexican wages, banking, and government debt levels are also examined for signs of stress. We conclude that the US panic and recession had little effect on revolutionary conditions in Mexico.
Medicine, Midwifery, and the Law
Authors: Jaffary Nora E.
Published: March 2021

A body of nearly ninety criminal trials for abortion and infanticide in nineteenth-century Yucatán reveal some contradictory traits. On one hand, the testimony that licensed physicians provided to courts about the nature of the medicines that midwives and boticarios supplied to pregnant Mayan women was surprisingly respectful and supportive of these unlicensed health practitioners. The cases reveal both the ongoing practice of Mayan medicinal and botanical knowledge in obstetrical health at the close of the nineteenth century and, despite public rhetoric to the contrary, individual doctors’ tolerance of, or accommodation to, such practices. On the other hand, the local judges who tried these cases displayed much less accommodation to Mayan defendants, reflecting the pronounced Mayan and non-Mayan social and political tensions that characterized the era of the peninsula’s Caste War.
The role of remnant bone microbiological cultures in managing diabetic foot osteomyelitis
Authors: Madani Devangi Ketankumar , Saeed Mujahid Ahmad , Tiwari Alok , David Miruna Delia
Published: March 2021

Aim: Effective treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis can reduce the risk of major amputations. Our primary aim was to compare the yield in cultures from the proximal and distal segments of bone excised intraoperatively and the impact on antibiotic choice and duration.Methods: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of osteomyelitis on bone culture results, where both proximal and distal bone segment samples had been collected, were retrospectively reviewed. Microbiological data were examined to identify true pathogens and studied against antimicrobial choice and duration of prescribing.Results: A total of 47 forefoot amputation cases were studied. In 89% of cases, definite or likely pathogens were isolated from the deep tissues cultured. Definite pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Group B streptococcus, Group G streptococcus and Streptococcus anginosus) were identified in 32% of cases; in 73% of these, definite pathogens were grown in both the proximal and distal bone segments.Conclusion: Sampling of remnant bone culture can help in reducing the duration of antibiotic treatment in patients (27% of cases in our series) as it is challenging to correctly estimate intraoperatively whether clear surgical margins have been adequately achieved when resecting infected bone.
Film cooling modeling of a gas turbine blade by considering different injection holes with and without opening angles through CFD
Authors: Hosseini E.
Published: March 2021

One way to achieve high performance in the gas turbine is to increase the inlet temperature of the turbine. Different cooling techniques have been carried out in order to protect the turbine blades which have been exposed to such high temperatures. Film cooling as an essential cooling method needs to be enhanced to meet the challenging demand. The purpose of the present research is to analyze the film cooling performance over a NACA 0012 gas turbine blade using six different injection holes with and without opening angles, separately through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). 2D Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are implemented to consider the heat transfer and flow characteristics by using CFD code Ansys Fluent v16. The flow is considered as steady, turbulent, and incompressible. The RANS equation is solved with the finite-volume method for obtaining solutions. The simulation results revealed that the k-ω SST turbulence model is suitable for simulating the flow characteristics and analyzing the performance of film cooling over the blade. Also, the opening angle has a significant effect on increasing the cooling efficiency for the upper blade surface. The highest value of cooling efficiency is obtained by the injection hole with an opening angle of 15° and height of D. In this configuration, the coolant injected from hole provides better cooling coverage for the entire blade which increases the cooling effectiveness.
Magnetorheological damper voltage control using artificial neural network for optimum vehicle ride comfort
Authors: Yakhni M. F. , Ali M. N. , El-Gohary M. A.
Published: March 2021

Suspension system design is an important challenging duty that facing car manufacturers, so the challenge has become to design the best system in terms of providing ride comfort and handling ability under all driving situations. The goal of this paper is to provide assistance in enhancing the effectiveness of the suspension system. A full car model with eight degrees of freedom (DOF) was developed using MATLAB/Simulink. Validation of the Simulink model was obtained. The model was assumed to travel over a speed hump that has a half sine wave shape and amplitude that changing from 0.01 to 0.2 m. The vehicle was moving with variable speeds from 20 to 120 km/h. Magneto Rheological (MR) damper was implanted to the model to study its effect on ride comfort. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to find the optimum voltage value applied to the MR damper, to skip the hump at least displacement. This network uses road profile and the vehicle speed as inputs. A comparison of the results for passive suspension system and model with MR damper, are illustrated. Results show that the MR damper give significant improvements of the vehicle ride performance over the passive suspension system.
Optimization of ultimate tensile strength of welded Inconel 625 and duplex 2205
Authors: Madhankumar S. , Manonmani K. , Karthickeyan V. , Balaji N.
Published: March 2021

The ultimate strength is an important property of any material for the manufacturing of components. This paper utilized the laser beam welding (LBW), due to its smaller dimension, which produces lesser distortion and process velocity is higher. Inconel 625 alloy and duplex 2205 stainless steel is having higher strength and corrosive resistance properties. Due to the above-mentioned properties, it could be used in oil and gas storage containers, marine and geothermal applications. This research work presents an investigation of various input variable effects on the output variable (ultimate tensile strength) in LBW for dissimilar materials namely, Inconel 625 alloy and duplex 2205 stainless steel. The input variables for this research are the power of a laser, welding speed, and focal position. The experimental runs are developed with the help of design of experiment (DOE) and utilized statistical design expert software. The ultimate tensile strength on different runs is measured using a universal tensile testing machine. Then from a response surface methodology and ANOVA, the optimum value of ultimate tensile strength was determined to maximize the weld joint and bead geometry. Finally, the confirmation test was carried out, it reveals the maximum error of 0.912% with the predicted value. In addition, the microstructure of the weld beads was examined using optical microscopy.
Feasibility analysis of a CPV system sized by means of a TJ cell black-box model and applied to a livestock farm welding
Authors: Renno Carlo , Perone Alessandro , Petito Fabio
Published: March 2021

In the Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) systems, the Triple-Junction (TJ) cell electrical power is separately evaluated as function of its temperature or of the solar concentration factor (C), but generally not simultaneously as a function of both variables. Because all these variables are difficult to link by means of a white-box model, a mathematical model of the black-box type based on experimental data, is defined in this paper in order to link directly the TJ cell electric power together with Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) and TJ cell temperature at different values of C. The knowledge of a link among TJ cell electric power, DNI and TJ cell temperature is basic to evaluate the real performances of a CPV system when it has to be sized, adopting a modular configuration, to meet the energy demands of a user. Hence, the feasibility of a CPV system adopted for an agricultural livestock farm located in Salerno (Italy), is evaluated by means of the model. The main activity of the farm is the breeding of cattle and sheep for milk production; the farm is made up of a stable and a farmhouse. The optimal number of TJ cells is defined to maximize the profitability of the investment, expressed in terms of Net Present Value. A CPV plant made up of 3000 cells, with an electric peak power of 6.6 kW, allows to maximize the NPV value up to about 16 k€.
Performance comparison between dual cantilevered and touch based hybridized triboelectric harvesters
Authors: Ganapathy Satish Rao , Salleh H.
Published: March 2021

The demand for energy harvesting technologies has been increasing over the years attributed to its significance to low power applications. One of the key problems associated with the vibration-based harvester is the fact that these harvesters generate low usable power while maximum peak power can only be attained when the device frequency matches the source frequency. In this study, triboelectric mechanism was investigated in combination with the piezoelectric mechanism in order to enhance the performance of the harvester. Triboelectric mechanism functions in a way that two dissimilar materials were placed in contact and then separated in order to generate surface charges and electric potential between them. Main design factors such as materials, surface area, structure, effective length, and etc. play a significant part in the enhancement of the performance. This study proposed two distinct designs of dual cantilevered structure and touch-based triboelectric energy harvester and evaluated the efficiency of the output between both structures. In addition, the effect of extension and surface area of triboelectric materials was investigated while the influence of these factors on the performance of the harvester was evaluated. The highest value of peak power obtained for dual cantilevered hybrid harvester was 650 µW across a load of 160 kΩ and frequency of 26 Hz. On the other hand, touch-based energy harvester produced an output peak power of 1220 µW across a load of 400 kΩ at 25 Hz. Achieving these power outputs may be able to power up electronics such as smartwatches, hearing aid and etc. Future studies on reliable low power applications to further advance the green power technology will be investigated.
Языковая репрезентация базовой эмоции гнев в русском и белорусском языках
Authors:   Минский лингвистический университет, Переводческий факультет, Кафедра славянских языков, Чернышова Людмила
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes and structures the words and expressions used to designate and describe this emotion in the Russian and Belarusian languages from the point of view of the cognitive model of anger hidden in the semantics of the language, as they are the result of the conceptualization of the phenomenon and are the ideal object for explication of national and cultural meanings.
Nazwy zawodów, godności i urzędów jako podstawy motywacyjne współczesnych nazwisk Podlasian
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Wydział Filologiczny, Katedra Językoznawstwa Porównawczego i Stosowanego, Mordań Michał
Published: March 2021

The paper presents contemporary surnames of Podlasie derived from the names of professions, courtesy titles, held offices and performed functions. Several groups of anthroponyms were identified through etymological analysis of the gathered material, primarily focused on the semantics of word roots. Contemporary surnames were formed from the following categories of words associated with: 1) crafts (Bondar, Kowalczuk), 2) agriculture, forestry and animal production (Fiszer, Pastuszak), 3) food preparation (Kucharczuk, Mielczarek), 4) trade (Budnik, Salnikow), 5) protection of objects and facilities (Leśnik, Pasiecznik), 6) mansion service (Dworańczyk, Pachołek), 7) music (Fidler, Grajko), 8) occasional functions (Drużba, Krzyżak), 9) religion (Kirchner, Monachowicz), 10) military service (Atamańczyk, Janczar), 11) public offices (Rejent, Tywonek), 12) social status (Dziedzic, Ofman), 13) others (Godun, Stangryciuk). Some surnames (e.g. Budnik, Hajduk, Pachołek) were allocated to more than one category because of their polysemous lexemes. From a linguistic point of view the analysed surnames come from Polish (Cieśla, Krawiec), East Slavic (Czebotariow, Monach), German (Rezler, Sznajderuk) or Baltic words (Dojlida). In terms of word formation, most surnames are the equivalents of common names (Kołodziej, Ogrodnik), although there are also derivative surnames with suffixes (Korolko, Szwajdych), some representing the patronymic model (Majstrowicz, Tokarzewicz; Puszkaruk, Szklaruk) or having genetically possessive suffixes (Kniaziew, Winnikow).
Językowe oraz pozawerbalne wyróżniki XIX-wiecznego savoir-vivre’u i rozmów salonowych w opowiadaniu Stefanii Ulanowskiej Babie lato
Authors:   Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Slawistyki, Rembiszewska Dorota Krystyna
Published: March 2021

The article discusses linguistic and non-verbal features of 19th-century savoir-ivre. Babie lato [Indian Summer] by Stefania Ulanowska (1839–?), the source text under scrutiny, is a 21-page short story, which has most probably never come out in print. There are four conversation situations in the text: 1) a symmetrical setup (the interlocutors have equal social status and comparable pragmatic rank), 2) a symmetrical setup with asymmetrical features, related to the conversation between a man and a woman, 3) a less distanced asymmetrical setup, where the participants of the conversation are the mother and children, 4) a full asymmetric setup, in which the mistress of the house addresses the maid. The short story moreover features non-verbal etiquette features, such as a man tipping over his hat when he sees a woman and a man kissing a woman’s hand. The characteristics of etiquette observed in Babie lato are a supplement to the deliberations on savoir-vivre in the 19th century and confirm the changes that took place at that time in terms of courtesy in comparison with the old Polish period. They are also a testimony to the old culture of the nobility, transferred to bourgeoisie houses.
Гумористичний текст як засiб формування лiнгвокультурологiчноï та орфоепiчноï компетенцiй
Authors:   Киïвський нацiональний унiверситет iменi Тараса Шевченка, Iнститут фiлологiï, Кафедра украïнськоï та росiйськоï мов як iноземних, Шевченко Мирослава , Anchimiuk Olga ,   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Wydział Filologiczny, Kolegium Językoznawstwa
Published: March 2021

The researchers of pedagogical cooperation between teacher and student often notice that main difficulties arising for teachers during the teaching process are not uncommon related to authoritarian style of communication. It is especially difficult to overcome them when teaching the pronunciation. Creation of humorous situations during classes can become a step toward overcoming of such difficulties. Jokes, anecdotes, merry songs, animated cartoons and other can allow the teacher to communicate with students as with partners equal in rights and to solve given tasks successfully for forming and development of linguoculturological competence and correct Ukrainian pronunciation.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Diagnosis and management of primary amenorrhea and female delayed puberty
Authors: Seppä Satu , Kuiri-Hänninen Tanja , Holopainen Elina , Voutilainen Raimo
Published: March 2021

Puberty is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood characterized by the attainment of adult height and body composition, accrual of bone strength and the acquisition of secondary sexual characteristics, psychosocial maturation and reproductive capacity. In girls, menarche is a late marker of puberty. Primary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menarche in ≥ 15-year-old females with developed secondary sexual characteristics and normal growth or in ≥13-year-old females without signs of pubertal development. Furthermore, evaluation for primary amenorrhea should be considered in the absence of menarche 3 years after thelarche (start of breast development) or 5 years after thelarche, if that occurred before the age of 10 years. A variety of disorders in the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovarian axis can lead to primary amenorrhea with delayed, arrested or normal pubertal development. Etiologies can be categorized as hypothalamic or pituitary disorders causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, gonadal disorders causing hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, disorders of other endocrine glands, and congenital utero–vaginal anomalies. This article gives a comprehensive review of the etiologies, diagnostics and management of primary amenorrhea from the perspective of pediatric endocrinologists and gynecologists. The goals of treatment vary depending on both the etiology and the patient; with timely etiological diagnostics fertility may be attained even in those situations where no curable treatment exists.
Durability of wood treated with propolis
Authors: Akcay Caglar , Birinci Emre , Birinci Ceren , Kolayli Sevgi
Published: March 2021

Propolis is an important antifungal agent found naturally in beehives and used as a food supplement for many purposes. This study aimed to use methanolic propolis extract (MPE) as a treatment material as an antifungal agent for wood preservation. Scots pine and paulownia woods were exposed to Trametes versicolor and Neolentinus lepideus fungi for 12 weeks, and untreated woods were used as the controls. Compared with the control, paulownia wood exposed to N. lepideus had a 47.2% mean mass loss, while the treated wood with 7% MPE had an 11.6% mean mass loss. In addition, a 27.2% mass loss occurred with the control for Scots pine when exposed to N. lepideus, and a 2.5% mass loss occurred with the 7% propolis-treated specimens. Total phenolic content and the phenolic profile of the raw propolis samples were also analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the propolis extracts still remained in the wood cells without being degraded after the fungal destruction and the propolis-treated specimens were more durable against fungal decay compared to the untreated control specimens. The results from this study indicated that propolis could be used as an environmentally compatible and natural wood preservative to protect wood against fungal attack.
Compounds extracted from larch, birch bark, Douglas fir, and alder woods with four different solvents: Effects on five skin-related microbes
Authors: Schuster Anja , Ortmayr Nina , Oostingh Gertie Janneke , Stelzhammer Bettina
Published: March 2021

Wood is an important natural resource, and the extracts of specific wood species might have growth-inhibiting effects on certain microbes. This property can be used in the pharmaceutical industry to develop phytochemical-based medicine to treat skin infections. Thus far, methanol, intrinsically toxic, has been the main solvent used for extraction of soluble wood compounds. In this study, the focus was placed on biocompatible solvents, including dimethyl sulfoxide, distilled water, and glycerin, in addition to methanol used to extract compounds from larch, birch bark, Douglas fir, and alder wood sawdust. Microbial growth was tested on four different bacterial strains and one type of fungi representing species that can affect the skin. The results revealed intrinsic toxicity of biocompatible solvents at low concentrations as well as an additive or synergistic effect of wood extracts. In particular, larch and birch extracts strongly decreased microbial growth. In addition, interference of the extract color on the measurements was observed, which must be taken into account to ensure correct analysis of the data. In conclusion, biocompatible solvents in conjunction with larch and birch extracts exhibited antimicrobial effects. The importance of solvent toxicity and background staining were highlighted to determine potential antimicrobial effects.
Currency paper from waste textile lint fibers: Nanofibrillated cellulose and combined system of starch-nanocellulose and polyacrylamide-nanocellulose substituting for long-fiber chemical pulp
Authors: Kasmani Jafar Ebrahimpour
Published: March 2021

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and a combined systems of NFC with cationic starch or cationic polyacrylamide were used in place of long-fiber chemical pulp in manufacturing currency paper from waste lint fibers from the textile industry. Handmade papers (60 g) were produced from each treatment, and the physical, mechanical, and optical characteristics of papers were compared. The results showed that increasing amounts of NFC by itself increased tensile strength, resistance to bursting, tearing, porosity, and opacity, and decreased the resistance to folding and brightness. Increasing NFC in combination with cationic starch reduced the need for chemical pulp, while improving porosity, opacity, and brightness and increased tensile strength, bursting strength, resistance to tearing, and folding in comparison to the use of long-fiber pulp. Increasing NFC in combination with cationic polyacrylamide, compared to long-fiber chemical pulp, increased opacity, tensile strength, and resistance to bursting and decreased the porosity, resistance to tearing, folding, and brightness. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy results showed that an enhanced percentage of NFC reduced porosity so that addition of 5% cellulosic nanofiber made the paper surface smoother and pores were relatively filled.
Lung Ultrasound Score Progress in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Raimondi Francesco , Migliaro Fiorella , Corsini Iuri , Meneghin Fabio , Dolce Pasquale , Pierri Luca , Perri Alessandro , Aversa Salvatore , Nobile Stefano , Lama Silvia , Varano Silvia , Savoia Marilena , Gatto Sara , Leonardi Valentina , Capasso Letizia , Carnielli Virgilio Paolo , Mosca Fabio , Dani Carlo , Vento Giovanni , Lista Gianluca
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The utility of a lung ultrasound score (LUS) has been described in the early phases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). We investigated lung ultrasound as a tool to monitor respiratory status in preterm neonates throughout the course of RDS.

METHODS:

Preterm neonates, stratified in 3 gestational age cohorts (25–27, 28–30, and 31–33 weeks), underwent lung ultrasound at weekly intervals from birth. Clinical data, respiratory support variables, and major complications (sepsis, patent ductus arteriosus, pneumothorax, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate) were also recorded.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 240 infants in total. The 3 gestational age intervals had significantly different LUS patterns. There was a significant correlation between LUS and the ratio of oxygen saturation to inspired oxygen throughout the admission, increasing with gestational age (b = −0.002 [P < .001] at 25–27 weeks; b = −0.006 [P < .001] at 28–30 weeks; b = −0.012 [P < .001] at 31–33 weeks). Infants with complications had a higher LUS already at birth (12 interquartile range 13–8 vs 8 interquartile range 12–4 control group; P = .001). In infants 25 to 30 weeks’ gestation, the LUS at 7 days of life predicted bronchopulmonary dysplasia with an area under the curve of 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.71 to 93).

CONCLUSIONS:

In preterm neonates affected by RDS, the LUS trajectory is gestational age dependent, significantly correlates with the oxygenation status, and predicts bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In this population, LUS is a useful, bedside, noninvasive tool to monitor the respiratory status.
Mecanismos de colaboración interinstitucional: prácticas típicas
Authors: Herrera-Kit Patricia , Balanzó Guzmán Alejandro , Parra Moreno Juliana , Rivera Marcela
Published: March 2021

La colaboración interinstitucional en el Estado surge como efecto de una ola de reforma acuñada como nueva gerencia pública. A pesar de ser un objeto ampliamente estudiado, la colaboración interinstitucional aún plantea una agenda de investigación en desarrollo, en la que los estudios organizacionales tienen un rol de interés. Este artículo persigue un triple objetivo: i) situar la colaboración interinstitucional en el universo de interés de los estudios organizacionales; ii) explicar el contexto de la génesis de la colaboración interinstitucional como parte de debates sobre la organización del Estado; y iii) aportar a la literatura al identificar y describir las prácticas típicas de colaboración interinstitucional a partir de una revisión de literatura con enfoque de desarrollo teórico. Se ofrece un marco analítico basado en prácticas de colaboración y, como tal, un aporte al campo de estudios con una base que ofrece patrones y permitiría el desarrollo de estudios cuantitativos. El resultado arroja como prácticas típicas de colaboración inter-institucional i) la agregación de acciones sectoriales, ii) la consulta mutua, iii) la conformación de unidades, y iv) la conformación de comités y subcomités. La discusión elabora una lectura reflexiva de la tipología en tanto marco analítico para la indagación y la acción. A modo de cierre, el texto discute los factores habilitantes que aportan mayor operacionalidad a los mecanismos de colaboración interinstitucional según la literatura.
Going beyond GDP with a parsimonious indicator: inequality-adjusted healthy lifetime income
Authors: Bloom David E. , Fan Victoria Y. , Kufenko Vadim , Ogbuoji Osondu , Prettner Klaus , Yamey Gavin
Published: March 2021

Per capita GDP has limited use as a well-being indicator because it does notcapture many dimensions that imply a “good life”, such as health and equality ofopportunity. However, per capita GDP has the virtues of being easy to interpret andto calculate with manageable data requirements. Against this backdrop, there is aneed for a measure of well-being that preserves the advantages of per capita GDP,but also includes health and equality. We propose a new parsimonious indicatorto fill this gap, and calculate it for 149 countries. This new indicator could beparticularly useful in complementing standard well-being indicators during theCOVID-19 pandemic. This is because (i) COVID-19 predominantly affects olderadults beyond their prime working ages whose mortality and morbidity do notstrongly affect GDP, and (ii) COVID-19 is known to have large effects on inequalityin many countries.
Unique report of two Sarcocystis species from Egyptian domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) – new host and locality
Authors: Galila E. M. , Bazh E. K. A. , Elhawary N. , Abdellatif H. A. , Abou-Rawash A.-R. A.
Published: March 2021

Sarcocystis is an intracellular protozoan parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa. It is widely distributed all over the world. There are scarce reports about chicken Sarcocystis. From February 2016 to January 2018, a total number of 630 chicken carcasses, intestines and viscera were collected from different chicken markets in Menoufia and Gharbia Governorates, Middle region of the Nile Delta, Egypt and carefully inspected. Macroscopic and microscopic cysts of Sarcocystis spp. were found in the intestinal wall and mesentery of 5 birds. Histopathological sections revealed the presence of two shapes of the macroscopic cysts (oval and kidney shape). Their wall was striated and characterised by the presence of radial septa. It had compartments mostly of hexagonal shape, containing both bradyzoites and metrocytes in the periphery. The bradyzoites were banana-shaped and measured 20–30 × 8–10 μm with centrally or posteriorly located nuclei. Microscopic cysts of Sarcocystis spp. were detected in-between muscle bundles, with variable shapes (spindle and oval).
The Genesis of Architectural Space
Authors: Hajnóczi Gyula J.
Published: March 2021

The first version of this paper was written in Hungarian as the final summarizing study of the OTKA research entitled “Building and Settlement Characterology”. The study entitled “The Genesis of the Architectural Space” is a concise summary of Gyula Hajnóczi’s spatial theory research that offers a thorough overview also for less experienced researchers in architectural theory. This valuable writing – although published in Hungarian as a series of journal articles or in copied version – is hardly known to the architectural profession. The English version published here helps to make Hajnóczi’s space theory more widely available to professional circles, and on the other hand, it can also serve as an important reading for architecture students studying in English. The translation was made according to a later manuscript version of the OTKA final study intended for print, with the support of the copyright holder.

Az itt közreadott tanulmány első változata magyar nyelven íródott, az „Épület- és településkarakterológia” című OTKA-kutatás zárótanulmányaként. „Az építészeti tér genezise” című tanulmány Hajnóczi Gyula térelméleti kutatásainak tömör, de az építészetelméletben kevésbé jártas kutató számára is alapvető áttekintést adó összegzése. Az értékes írást – jóllehet magyarul folyóiratcikk-sorozatként, illetve sokszorosított formában is megjelent – az építész szakma alig ismeri. Az itt közölt, angol nyelvre fordított változat egyrészt Hajnóczi térelméletének szélesebb körő megismerhetőségét segíti a szakmai körök számára, másrészt az angol nyelven tanuló diákság számára is fontos olvasmányként szolgálhat. A fordítás az OTKA-zárótanulmány későbbi, folyóiratba szánt változata szerint készült el, a jogutód támogatásával.
Terms in Electoral Law Through the Prism of the Concept of Balance of the Constitutional Regulation of Electoral Relations
Authors: Yakimova Ekaterina
Published: March 2021

Introduction: the concept of terms in electoral law is an established system of views on the procedural aspects of the implementation of electoral legal relations. However, certain aspects of electoral terms have been and will continue to be changed in order to improve the electoral process. The purpose of the work is to identify the substantial factors that influence the transformation of electoral terms. Methods: in the course of the research, both general scientific and special methods of cognition of social and legal phenomena (the formal legal method and the circular causality method) were used. Results: the reasons for the transformation of electoral terms under the influence of the implementation of the concept of balance of the constitutional regulation, which in this case has a transformative effect on the electoral legal relations, are revealed. Conclusions: the search for a balance between the need to form the public authorities and modern realities, which do not always allow for the effective organization of the electoral process, will be accompanied by the transformation of the legally established concept of electoral terms implemented in modern Russia.
Astroturfing Technologies on a Point of Law
Authors: Likhter Pavel
Published: March 2021

Introduction: in the social conditions that are changing under the influence of information and communication technologies, it is of particular importance to protect the interests of consumers from illegal actions of unscrupulous market participants. Increasingly, astroturfing technologies are becoming an integral part of marketing and trading strategies, which make it possible to provide distorted data to the general public under the guise of objective information. The purpose of the study is to find an adequate definition of astroturfing on a point of law; to distinguish legitimate marketing practices from illegal acts that distort perceptions of a product or company; to identify the law enforcement practices in foreign countries; to evaluate the existing approaches to solving the problem in order to correct the Russian legislation. The paper uses the methods of description and interpretation; normative-value, system, logical, dialectical, structural-functional approaches. Results: the forms and features of astroturfing are considered in order to develop its definition; the ways to counteract such technologies are studied and compared; there is a need for amendments that could fill the gaps in the legal regulation of astroturfing. Conclusions: the term “astroturfing” is formulated and its possible forms are listed. It is proposed to investigate the possibility of recognizing contractual relationships, whose subject is online publishing of fabricated reviews, cheating likes, bot mailing via chats, etc. as anti-social transactions. It is considered appropriate to tighten responsibility for the use of astroturfing technologies.