bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equations of Electrodynamics
Authors: Gorev Pavel
Published: December 2021

Maxwell’s equations are valid only for a stationary observation point, therefore, to adequately describe real processes so far we have had to move to a moving reference frame. This paper presents the equations of electrodynamics for the moving observation point, it is shown that plane and spherical electromagnetic waves are their solutions, while the spherical wave propagates only outward, which cannot be said about Maxwell’s equations. The fields of uniformly moving charges are also solutions of the equations. Now there is no need to move to a moving reference frame, to use four-dimensional space and covariant form of equations. The question of finding a universal form of the equations that allows a solution in the form of the field of an arbitrarily moving charge remains open. This raises the question of the existence of a two-parameter group of transformations of electromagnetic fields along with the known one-parameter group has been posed. The phenomena derived from the equations, which make an additional contribution to the phase overrun in the Aharonov-Bohm effect are considered. The equation of motion of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field without simplifying approximations is considered, which allows us to take into account the radiation effects. It is shown that the fields in a moving observation point depend on its velocity and acceleration. In particular, although in a constant uniform electric field a force qE acts on a motionless charged particle, but on the same motionless but not fixed particle the force 4/3qE acts already, because it has a nonzero acceleration and the electric field at this point is larger. As the speed increases, the field decreases, and when it reaches the speed of light, when the particle stops accelerating, the force again becomes equal to qE The principle of operation of an unconventional alternator in a constant electric field and its corresponding engine, as well as new types of direct and impulse current generators, predicted by the equations, are described.
Novel insights into the composition and characterization of the glutenin genes in common wheat Xinmai 26
Authors: Zhang Dale , Ren Jiajia , Li Wenjie , Kang Xusen , Bai Shenglong , Yang Lijuan , Jiang Zhikai , Li Suoping
Published: December 2021

High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) in mature grains play important roles in the formation of glutenin macropolymer and gluten quality. To characterize the expressed glutenin genes of the bread wheat variety Xinmai 26 during seed development, in this study, we measured the dough rheological properties of mature grains through farinograph and gluten testing system, and revealed its strong gluten quality. The compositions of HMW-GS and LMW-GS were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Further, a total of 18 full-length transcripts were obtained by third-generation RNA sequencing, including 5 transcripts of HMW-GS genes and 13 transcripts of LMW-GS genes (8 intact genes and 5 pseudogenes). The deduced protein structures of transcript sequences exhibit the typical HMW-GS and LMW-GS structural characteristics. Moreover, a specific functional marker was developed to make better use of the extra cysteine residue of 1Dx5 subunit. This study provides an efficient method to accurately identify glutenin genes in bread wheat through matching full-length transcripts to their spectrum of glutenin, which will be helpful to understand the contributions of glutenin genes to wheat quality.
Chitosan/alginate Hydrogel Dressing Loaded FGF/VE-cadherin: To Accelerate Full-thickness Skin Regeneration and More Normal Skin Repairs
Authors: Wei Lai , Tan Jianying , Li Li , Liu Sainan , Wang Huanran , Chen Junying , Weng Yajun , Liu Tao
Published: December 2021

The process of full-thickness skin regeneration is complex and has many parameters involved, which makes it difficult to use a single dressing to meet the various requirements of the complete regeneration at the same time. Therefore, developing hydrogel dressings with multifunction, including tunable rheological properties and aperture, hemostatic, antibacterial and super cytocompatibility, is a desirable candidate in wound healing. In this study, a series of complex hydrogels were developed via the hydrogen bond and covalent bond between chitosan (CS) and alginate (SA). These hydrogels exhibited suitable pore size and tunable rheological properties for cell adhesion. Chitosan endowed hemostatic, antibacterial properties and great cytocompatibility and thus solved two primary problems in the early stage of the wound healing process. Moreover, the sustained cytocompatibility of the hydrogels was further investigated after adding FGF and VE-cadherin via the co-culture of L929 and EC for 12 days. The confocal 3D fluorescent images showed that the cells were spherical and tended to form multicellular spheroids, which distributed in about 40-60μm thick hydrogels. Furthermore, the hydrogel dressings significantly accelerate defected skin turn to normal skin with proper epithelial thickness and new blood vessels and hair follicles through the histological analysis of in vivo wound healing. The findings mentioned above demonstrated that the CS/SA hydrogels with growth factors have tremendous potential as multifunctional hydrogel dressings for full-thickness skin regeneration incorporated with hemostatic, antibacterial, sustained cytocompatibility for 3D cell culture and normal skin repairing.
Rapid Prediction of Seismic Incident Angle's Influence on the Damage Level of RC Buildings Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Morfidis Konstantinos , Kostinakis Konstantinos
Published: December 2021

The angle of seismic excitation is a significant factor of the seismic response of RC buildings. The procedure required for the calculation of the angle for which the potential seismic damage is maximized (critical angle) contains multiple nonlinear time history analyses using in each one of them different angles of incidence. Moreover, the seismic codes recommend the application of more than one accelerograms for the evaluation of seismic response. Thus, the whole procedure becomes time consuming. Herein, a method to reduce the time required for the estimation of the critical angle based on Multilayered Feedforward Perceptron Neural Networks is proposed. The basic idea is the detection of cases in which the critical angle increases the class of seismic damage compared to the class which arises from the application of the seismic motion along the buildings’ structural axes. To this end, the problem is expressed and solved as Pattern Recognition problem. As inputs of networks the ratios of seismic parameters’ values along the two horizontal seismic records' components, as well as appropriately chosen structural parameters, were used. The results of analyses show that the neural networks can reliably detect the cases in which the calculation of the critical angle is essential.
Atmospheric Lightning as Essential Climate Variable (ECV) and Its Availability Over India Using NRSC/ISRO Lightning Detection Sensor Network
Authors: Taori Alok , Suryavanshi Arun , Gharai Biswadip , Seshasai M V R
Published: December 2021

Atmospheric lightning is an outcome of extreme complex physical processes occurring in the atmosphere. Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning is considered as a natural disaster. Understanding the importance of CG lightning and implication of the lightning phenomena, Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), world meteorological organization, in its report in the year 2016, introduced the lightning as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV). The present report uses the Lightning Detection Sensor Network (LDSN) established by the National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organization over India to generate the Lightning ECV. A use case of these ECVs are also showcased for an event in Bihar, India, when 42 deaths were reported at locations with large number of CG occurrences.
Using Enhanced Sparrow Search Algorithm-Deep Extreme Learning Machine Model to Forecast End-Point Phosphorus Content of BOF
Authors: Quan Lingxiang , Li Ailian , Cui Guimei , Xie Shaofeng
Published: December 2021

：An effective technology for predicting the end-point phosphorous content of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) can provide theoretical instruction to improve the quality of steel via controlling the hardness and toughness. Given the slightly inadequate prediction accuracy in the existing prediction model, a novel hybrid method was suggested to more accurately predict the end-point phosphorus content by integrating an enhanced sparrow search algorithm (ESSA) and a multi-strategy with a deep extreme learning machine (DELM) as ESSA-DELM in this study. To begin with, the input weights and hidden biases of DELM were randomly selected, resulting in that DELM inevitably had a set of non-optimal or unnecessary weights and biases. Therefore, the ESSA was used to optimize the DELM in this work. For the ESSA, the Trigonometric substitution mechanism and Cauchy mutation were introduced to avoid trapping in local optima and improve the global exploration capacity in SSA. Finally, to evaluate the prediction efficiency of ESSSA-DELM, the proposed model was tested on process data of the converter from the Baogang steel plant. The efficacy of ESSA-DELM was more superior to that of other DELM-based hybrid prediction models and conventional models. The result demonstrated that the hit rate of end-point phosphorus content within ±0.003%, ±0.002%, and ±0.001% was 91.67%, 83.33%, and 63.55%, respectively. The proposed ESSA-DELM model could possess better prediction accuracy compared with other models, which could guide field operations.
Faculty Members’ Perspective on Virtual Interviews for Medical Residency Matching during the COVID-19 Crisis: A National Survey
Authors: Aljamaan Fadi , Alkhattabi Fadia , Al-Eyadhy Ayman , Alhaboob Ali , Alharbi Nasser , Alherbish Adi , Almosned Badr , Alobaylan Mohammed , Alabdulkarim Hayfa , Jamal Amr , Alhaidar Sami A. , Alsaywid Basim , Bashiri Fahad A. , Barry Mazin , Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A. , Alhasan Khalid , Temsah Mohamad-Hani
Published: December 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, conducting face-to-face medical residency interviews was challenging due to infection prevention precautions, social distancing and travel restrictions. Virtual interviews were implemented by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) as an alternative process for residency matching while striving to maintain the same quality standards. This national survey was conducted to assess the satisfaction and perceptions of faculty members’ virtual interviews performance in the assessment for the medical training residency programs. Among the participating 173 faculty members (34.1%) did not have previous experience with video-conferencing. Zoom application was the most commonly used platform (65.9%). Most (89.6%) of the faculty perceived virtual interviews as “adequate” for the candidates to express themselves, while almost half of the faculty (53.8%) agreed that virtual interviews allowed them to accurately reach an impression about the candidates. Overall, 73.4% of faculty felt comfortable ranking the virtually interviewed candidates. We conclude that the acceptance of participating faculty members in the first Saudi medical residency training matching cycle virtual interviewing event was well perceived. This study provides evidence for future application and research of virtual interviews in residency candidates' assessment, especially after the pandemic crisis resolves.
Spatial Spillover Effects of Agricultural Transport Costs in Peru
Authors: Herrera-Catalán Pedro , Chasco Coro , Torero Máximo
Published: December 2021

The role of agricultural transport costs in core-periphery structures has habitually been ignored in New Economic Geography (NEG) models. This is due to the convention of treating the agricultural good as the numéraire, thus implying that agricultural transportation costs are assumed to be zero in these models. For more than three decades, this has been the standard setting in spatial equilibrium analysis. The paper examines the effects of agricultural transport costs on the spatial organisation of regional structures in Peru. In doing so, the Krugman’s formulation of iceberg transport costs is modified to introduce the agricultural transport costs into the dynamic of the NEG models. We use exploratory spatial flow data analysis methods and non-spatial and spatial origin-destination flow models to explore how the regional spatial structure change when real transportation data for agricultural goods is included into the iceberg transport costs formulation. We show that agricultural transport costs generate flows that are systematically associated with flows to or from nearby regions generating thus the emergence of spatial spillovers across Peruvian regions. The results of the paper support the contention that NEG models have overshadowed the role of agricultural transport costs in determining the spatial configuration of economic activities.
Distributed Edge Computing with Blockchain Technology to Enable Ultra -Reliable Low-Latency v2x Communications
Authors: Vladyko Andrei , Elagin Vasiliy , Spirkina Anastasia , Muthanna Ammar , A. Ateya Abdelhamied
Published: December 2021

As V2X technology develops, acute problems related to reliable and secure information exchange between network objects in real time appear. The article aims to solve the scientific problem of building a network architecture for reliable delivery of correct and uncompromised data within the V2X concept to improve the safety of road users, using blockchain technology and mobile edge computing (MEC). The authors present a formalized mathematical model of the system, taking into account the interconnection of objects and V2X information channels, and an energy-efficient algorithm of traffic offloading to the MEC server. The paper presents the results of application of blockchain technologies and mobile edge computing in the developed system, their description, evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of the implementation.
Strong Viscosity Increase in Aqueous Solutions of Cationic C22-Tailed Surfactant Wormlike Micelles
Authors: Molchanov Vyacheslav S. , Rostovtsev Andrei V. , Shishkhanova Kamilla B. , Kuklin Alexander I. , Philippova Olga E.
Published: December 2021

The viscoelastic properties and structure parameters have been investigated for aqueous solutions of wormlike micelles of cationic surfactant erucyl bis(hydroxyethyl) methylammonium chloride with long C22 tail in the presence inorganic salt KCl. The salt content has been varied to estimate linear to branched transition conditions due to screening of the electrostatic interaction in the networks. The local cylindrical structure and low electrostatic repulsion was obtained by SANS data. The drastic power law dependencies of rheological properties on surfactant concentrations were obtained at intermediate salt content. Two power law regions were detected in semi-dilute solutions related to “unbreakable” and “living” micellar chains. The fast contour length growth with surfactant concentration was demonstrated that is in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Hematological and Biochemical Reference Ranges for Population With Sickle Cell Disease at Steady-State in Tanzania
Authors: Fome Anna Daniel , Sangeda Raphael Z. , Mgaya Josephine , Soka Deogratius , Tluway Furahini , Masamu Upendo , Balandya Emmanuel , Nkya Siana , Makani Julie , Mmbando Bruno P.
Published: December 2021

Hematological and biochemical reference values in sickle cell disease (SCD) are crucial for patient management and evaluation of interventions. This study was conducted at Mu-himbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, to establish laboratory reference ranges in SCD at steady-state. Patients were grouped into five age groups with respects to their sex. Aggregate functions were used to handle repeated measures within the indi-vidual level in each age group. A nonparametric approach was used to smooth the curves and a parametric approach was used to determine SCD normal ranges. Comparison between males and females and against the general population was documented. Data from 4,422 patients collected from 2004-2015 were analyzed. The majority of the patients (35.41%) were children aged between 5-11 years. There were no significant differences (p≥0.05) in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocytes, basophils and bilirubin direct observed between males and females. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in all selected parameters across age groups except neutrophils and MCHC in adults, as well as platelets and alkaline phosphatase in infants when SCD estimates were compared to the general population. Laboratory reference ranges in SCD at steady-state were different from those of the general population and varied with sex and age. The established reference ranges for SCD at steady-state will be a helpful in the management and monitoring of the progress of SCD.
The Solid Tumor Microenvironment - Breaking The Barrier For T Cells
Authors: Simsek Hasan , Klotzsch Enrico
Published: December 2021

The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the behavior and development of solid tumors as well as shaping the immune response against them. As the tumor cells proliferate, the space they occupy and their physical interactions with the surrounding tissue increases. The growing tumor tissue becomes a complex dynamic structure, containing connective tissue, vascular structures, and extracellular matrix that facilitates stimulation, oxygenation, and nutrition, necessary for its fast growth. Mechanical cues such as stiffness, solid stress, interstitial fluid pressure, matrix density, and microarchitecture influence cellular functions and ultimately tumor progression and metastasis. In this fight, our body is equipped with T cells as its spearhead against tumors. However, the altered biochemical and mechanical environment of the tumor niche affects T cell efficacy and leads to their exhaustion. Understanding the mechanobiological properties of the tumor microenvironment and their effects on T cells is key for developing novel adoptive tumor immunotherapies.
Adoption Pathways for DC Power Distribution in Buildings
Authors: Vossos Vagelis , Gerber Daniel L , Gaillet-Tournier Melanie , Nordman Bruce , Brown Richard , Bernal Heredia Willy , Ghatpande Omkar , Saha Avijit , Arnold Gabe , Frank Stephen M.
Published: December 2021

Driven by the proliferation of DC energy sources and DC end-use devices (e.g., photovoltaics, battery storage, solid-state lighting, and consumer electronics), DC power distribution in buildings has recently emerged as a path to improved efficiency, resilience, and cost savings in the transitioning building sector. Despite these important benefits, there are several technological and market barriers impeding the development of DC distribution, which have kept this technology at the demonstration phase. This paper identifies specific end-use cases for which DC distribution in buildings is viable today. We evaluate their technology and market readiness, as well as their efficiency, cost, and resiliency benefits while addressing implementation barriers. The paper starts with a technology review, followed by a comprehensive market assessment, in which we analyze DC distribution field deployments and their end-use characteristics. We also conduct a survey of DC power and building professionals through on-site visits and phone interviews and summarize lessons learned and recommendations. In addition, the paper includes a novel efficiency analysis, in which we quantify energy savings from DC distribution for different end-use categories. Based on our findings, we present specific adoption pathways for DC in buildings that can be implemented today, and for each pathway we identify challenges and offer recommendations for the research and building community.
In vitro Evaluation of Bis-3-chloropiperidines as RNA Modulators Targeting TAR and TAR-protein Interaction
Authors: Sosic Alice , Olivato Giulia , Carraro Caterina , Göttlich Richard , Fabris Dan , Gatto Barbara
Published: December 2021

After a long limbo, RNA has gained its credibility as a druggable target, fully earning its de-served role in the next-generation area of pharmaceutical R&D. We have recently probed the Trans-Activation Response element (TAR), a RNA stem–bulge–loop domain of the HIV-1 genome with bis-3-chloropiperidines (B-CePs), and revealed the compounds unique behavior in stabiliz-ing TAR structure, thus impairing in vitro the chaperone activity of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid (NC) protein. Seeking to elucidate the determinants of B-CePs inhibition, we have further characterized here their effects on the target TAR and its NC recognition, while developing quantitative analyti-cal approaches for the study of multicomponent RNA-based interactions.
Photodegradation of Lipofuscin in Suspension and in ARPE-19 cells and the Similarity of Fluorescence of the Photodegradation Product with Oxidized Docosahexaenoate
Authors: Różanowska Małgorzata B. , Różanowski Bartosz
Published: December 2021

Retinal lipofuscin accumulates with age in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) where its fluorescence properties are used to assess the retinal health. It was observed that there is a decrease in lipofuscin fluorescence above the age of 75 years and in early stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of lipofuscin isolated from human RPE, and lipofuscin-laden-cells to visible light, and determine whether an abundant component of lipofuscin, docosahexaenoate (DHA) can contribute to lipofuscin fluorescence upon oxidation. Exposure of lipofuscin to visible leads to a decrease of its long-wavelength fluorescence at about 610 nm with concomitant growth of the short-wavelength fluorescence. The emission spectrum of photodegraded lipofuscin exhibits similarity with that of oxidized DHA. Exposure to light of lipofuscin-laden cells leads to loss of lipofuscin granules from cells, while retaining cell viability. The spectral changes of fluorescence in lipofuscin-laden cells resemble those seen during photodegradation of isolated lipofuscin. Our results demonstrate that fluorescence emission spectra together with quantitation of intensity of long-wavelength fluorescence can serve as a marker useful for lipofuscin quantification and for monitoring its oxidation, thereby useful for screening the retina for increased oxidative damage and early AMD-related changes.
Parametric Models and Process Map for Alternating Current Square-Waveform Welding of Heat-Resistant Steel
Authors: Mohany Uttam Kumar , Abe Yohei , Fujimoto Takahiro , Nakatani Mitsuyoshi , Kitagawa Akikazu , Tanaka Manabu , Suga Tetsuo , Sharma Abhay
Published: December 2021

The demand for efficient processes through a comprehensive understanding and optimization of welding conditions continues to grow in the manufacturing industry. This study involves heat-resistant 2.25 Cr-1 Mo V-groove steel welding using the square-waveform alternating cur-rent. Experiments were conducted to build the relationship between input variables—such as current, frequency, electrode negativity ratio, and welding speed—and process performance, such as penetration, bay area, deposition rate, melting efficiency, percentage dilution, flux–wire ratio, and heat input. The process was analyzed in light of the defect-free high-deposition weld groove weld, the sensitivity to process parameters, and the optimization and development of the process map. The study proposes an innovative approach to reducing the cost and time of optimizing the one-pass-each-layer V-groove welding process using bead-on-plate welds. Square waveform welding creates a metallurgical notch in the form of a bay at the fusion boundary that can be minimized by selecting appropriate welding conditions. The square waveform submerged arc welding is more sensitive towards changes in current and welding speed than the frequency and electrode negativity ratio; however, the electrode negativity ratio and frequency are minor but helpful parameters to achieve optimal results. The proximity of the planned and experimental results to within 3% confirms the validity of the proposed approach. The investigation shows that 90% of the maximum deposition rate is possible for one-pass-each-layer V-groove welds within heat input and weld width constraints.
Canine and Feline Cutaneous Lymphocytosis: Reactive Process or Indolent Neoplastic Disease?
Authors: Albanese Francesco , Abramo Francesca , Marino Michele , Massaro Maria , Marconato Laura , Minoli Lucia , Martini Valeria , Aresu Luca
Published: December 2021

Cutaneous lymphocytosis (CL) is an uncommon and controversial lymphoproliferative disorder described in dogs and cats. CL is generally characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and histological features that may overlap with epitheliotropic lymphoma. Therefore, its neoplastic or reactive nature is still debated. Here, we describe clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and clonality features of a retrospective case series of 19 cats and 10 dogs with lesions histologically compatible with CL. In both species, alopecia, erythema and scales were the most frequent clinical signs. Histologically, a dermal infiltrate of small to medium-sized lymphocytes, occasionally extending to the subcutis, was always identified. Conversely, when present, epitheliotropism was generally mild. In cats, the infiltrate was consistently CD3+; in dogs, a mixture of CD3+ and CD20+ lymphocytes was observed only in 4 cases. The infiltrate was polyclonal in all cats, while BCR and TCR clonal rearrangements were identified in dogs. Overall, cats had a long-term survival (median overall survival=1080 days) regardless of the treatment received, while dogs showed a shorter and variable clinical course, with no evident associations with clinicopathological features. In conclusion, our results support a reactive nature of the disease in cats, associated with prolonged survival; despite a similar histological picture, canine CL was associated with a more heterogeneous lymphocytic infiltrate, clonality results, and response to treatment.
Genetic Risks and Demographic History of Indigenous Goats of Mongolia Revealed by SNP Genotyping
Authors: Piskunov Alexey , Mukhina Vera , Svishcheva Gulnara , Voronkova Valery , Stolpovsky Yurii
Published: December 2021

Recent climatic disasters (dzudzs) and uncontrolled massive breeding endangered valuable ge-netic resources of Mongolian goats labored by five thousand years of evolution in extremes of Al-tai mountains and Gobi deserts. Meanwhile, Mongolian goats has never been characterized by genomic data. We used Illumina Goat SNP50 to investigate phylogenic relationships and genetic risks in 5 local Mongolian populations: Erchim (N=37) from geographically remote Darkhat Valley in the northern mountains, Ulgii Red (N=35) and Dorgon (N=28) from the western mountain region, Buural (N=34) from the western steppe and mountain areas and Gobi Gurvan Saikhan (N=33) from semi-arid steppe area in the South Gobi region. ROH analyses, estimated populations sizes and Fst values showed South Gobi and Darkhat Valley goats to be of a high risk of inbreed-ing that however appear to be of distinct origin (artificial selection vs geographical isolation). In-dices of genetic differentiations between Mongolian goats were relatively low compared to Euro-pean breeds. Meanwhile, we suggest direct comparison is not fully appropriate given that Mongo-lian breeds were not subjected to intense selection. Darkhat Valley goats were clearly differentiat-ed from other Mongolian breeds according to various types of analyses. Phylogenetic relationships within XXX breeds of the rest of the world plotted Mongolian goats between some Russian (Altai, Orenburg) and Chinese populations (Nanjiang and Qinggeli). Thus, present study (i) highlights demographic history Mongolian goats and (ii)provides unified SNP-data called for support deci-sions in conservational genetics. Finally, our work (iii) raises a question of how exactly these data should be compared to make objective choices.
Investigation of the Batch Size Influence on the Quality of Text Generation by the SeqGAN Neural Network
Authors: Krivosheev Nikolay , Vik Ksenia , Ivanova Yulia , Spitsyn Vladimir
Published: December 2021

One of the problems of text generation using the LSTM neural network is a decrease in the quality of generation with an increase in the length of the generated text. There are various solutions to improve the quality of text generation based on generative adversarial neural networks. This work uses preliminary training of the LSTM neural network based on the MLE approach and further training based on the SeqGAN neural network. Based on the presented results, we can conclude that the SeqGAN-based approach allows to increase the quality of text generation according to the NLL and BLEU metrics. The study of the influence of the batch size, in the process of competitive training of the SeqGAN neural network, on the quality of text generation has been carried out. It is shown that with an increase in the batch size, in the process of adversarial learning, the quality of LSTM neural network training increases. In this work, the Monte Carlo algorithm is not used in the training process of the SeqGAN neural network. For training and testing algorithms, image captions from the COCO Image Captions data sample are used. The quality of text generation based on the NLL and BLEU metrics has been assessed. Examples of the results of generating texts with an assessment of the quality of examples according to the BLEU metric are given,
Model and Algorithms for User Identification by Network Traffic
Authors: Gai Vasily , Ephode Irina , Barinov Roman , Polyakov Igor , Golubenko Vladimir , Andreeva Olga
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a method of user identification by network traffic. We describe the information model created, as well as the implementation of each of the proposed problem solving stages. During the network traffic collection stage, a method of capturing network packets on the user's device using specialized software is used. The information obtained is further filtered by removing redundant data. During the object feature descriptor construction stage, we extract and describe the characteristics of network sessions from which the behavioral habits of users are derived. Classification of users according to the extracted characteristics of the network sessions is performed using machine learning techniques. When analyzing the test results, the most appropriate machine learning algorithms for solving the problem of user identification by network traffic were proposed, such as: logistic regression, decision trees, SVM with a linear hyperplane and the boosting method. The accuracy of the above methods was more than 95%. The results proved that it is possible to identify a particular user with a sufficiently high accuracy based on the characteristics of the data transmitted through the network, without examining the contents of the transmitted packets. Comparison of the developed model has shown that the proposed model of user identification by network traffic works as effectively as the existing analogues.
Algorithm for Implementing Logical Operations on Sets of Orthogonal Polygons
Authors: Godovitsyn Maxim , Zhivchikova Julia , Starostin Nickolay , Shtanyuk Anton
Published: December 2021

As part of the development CAD for design rule checks (DRC), it is necessary to use logical operations on orthogonal polygons that form the layout of an integrated circuit. Such operations as union, intersection, subtraction are performed over layers that contain orthogonal polygons. These operations are subject to stringent execution time requirements. The traditional representation of polygons in the form of bitmaps does not provide a quasi-linear dependence of time on the processed data size and requires development of new algorithms and polygon representation approaches. This paper contains a description of a modified sweeping line obscuring algorithm that achieves O(N log N) time. The algorithm uses three properties of the polygon: the separation of inner region from outer region by the edge, the belonging of edges to the set of either vertical or horizontal edges, and dissection of the layer plane into rectangular fragments which belong to either inner or outer region of the polygon. Procedures of input polygon contour representations that are dissected into sets of vertical and horizontal edges are described. As a result of performing logical operations, polygon edges of the resulting layer are formed. These edges, in turn, are converted into contour representations. The results of a computational experiment confirming the nature of the time dependences determined theoretically are presented. We propose the structure of a software system for DRC, built with the use of programming languages C++ and Lua.
Development of the Skin of the Surface of the Tunnel Part of the Ship's Hull
Authors: Shorkina Irina , Novikov Sergey
Published: December 2021

In modern shipbuilding, extremely high requirements are imposed on the speed of the vessel. The material costs for ensuring the seaworthiness of modern transport vessels account for about half of the constant operating costs. Experimental materials confirm that the geometry of the surface of the tunnel part of the vessel's hull has a significant effect on its propulsive coefficient. Improving the shape of the tunnel part allows you to change the hydrodynamic pressure and reduce the negative effect of the flow formed when the vessel moves forward. At the same time, the complex geometric shape of this part of the hull significantly complicates the preparation of maps of its cutting and, as a result, its production, since it is a set of complex surfaces of double curvature. This article describes a practical approach to solving the problem of constructing a sheet cutting map. For modeling a three-dimensional model and controlling the shape of the surface, the capabilities of the Rhinoceros 6 system are presented. The results are presented as the deviation in the area of the deployable and non-deployable surfaces.
Expanding the Functionality of Optical CAD Using the Python Scripting Language
Authors: Kopylov Mikhail Sergeevich
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, scripting is becoming a basic functionality in a very large number of different applications. This paper considers the experience of expanding the program capabilities of the optical modeling system using the Python scripting language. A brief overview of existing solutions is discussed. The approach based on the method of using the unified entity interface is proposed, which makes the process of expansion of the system simple and convenient for both its developers and end users. The new program modules like script interpreter,script editor and built-in parametric object libraries have been designed and integrated into the optical modeling system to work with scenarios are considered in detail. Software extension mechanism by means of adding new script-based object classes is provided. Examples of using Python API for a number of simple operations and examples of work with some simulation and automation modules based on scenarios are considered.
Method of Polychromatic Hilbert Diagnostics of Phase and Temperature Perturbations of Axisymmetric Flames
Authors: Arbuzov Vitaly , Arbuzov Eduard , Dubnishchev Yuri , Zolotukhina Olga , Lukashov Vladimir
Published: December 2021

The work is aimed at solving the scientific and practical problem of non-disturbing diagnostics of the phase and temperature fields of reacting jets and flames. On the example of an axisymmetric hydrogen-diffusion flame and a hot air flow from a candle flame, a method was developed that is adequate to the problem being solved, based on Hilbert polychromatic visualization of phase optical density fields, measuring the temperature profile in selected areas of the medium under study, pixel-by-pixel processing of RAW images recorded by a photographic matrix in RGB channels. The visualized Hilbert structures carry information about the phase optical density perturbations induced by the temperature field. The phase structure of the probing light field in the axial symmetry approximation of the flame under investigation is analyzed using the Abel transform. Iterative selection of radial temperature profiles, adapted Bezier curves, is performed with the subsequent calculation of the spatial structure of the refractive index and phase function. The reconstruction of the temperature field by the example of the study of a hydrogen-air flame is carried out taking into account the diversity of the partial optical properties of the gas mixture in a model consistent with the Gladstone-Dale dispersion formula. The influence of disturbances in the air surrounding the flame on its axial symmetry is discussed. The criterion for the reliability of the research results is a comparison of the hilbertograms obtained in the experiment and the hilbertograms reconstructed from phase structures induced by temperature fields.
Algorithms for Automated Differentiation of Subtypes and Improving the Overall Accuracy of Image Classification in Career Guidance
Authors: Tarasova Iuliia , Andreev Vyacheslav , Chechin Andrey , Toskin Denis
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses the problems and prospects of implementing a hybrid classifier for career guidance testing according to the author's method «Associative color space». The authors set themselves the following goals: to increase the accuracy of determining the main classes and to identify subtypes that have visual similarities, but significant differences in terms of the characteristics of the work style. To improve the accuracy of determining the problem class of images, 11 special filters were developed and implemented in order to identify implicit features of the class. The use of these filters additionally solved the problem of distinguishing visually similar subtypes of the two main classes, which makes it possible to further automate not only the definition of the main class with optimal accuracy, but also the subtype, which will allow for a more thorough diagnosis of career guidance and provide the subjects with more specific characteristics and recommendations regarding their work style. Analyzing the results of the experiments, the authors hypothesized about the possibility of creating a three-dimensional map of types and subtypes, where there could be areas of pronounced types, subtypes, as well as transitional types with special characteristics that allow avoiding the result of a «mixed» type for the subjects.
Usage of Color During Visualization of Rays Propagation Simulated with Monte-Carlo Method
Authors: Birukov Еlissey Dmitrievich , Ryzhova Irina Gennadievna , Voloboy Alexey Gennadievich
Published: December 2021

This work describes specifics of rays colorization during visualization of trajectories of such rays obtained by Monte-Carlo simulation method in optical modeling systems. It is described how showing rays visualized with different colors in viewport of a CAD system can improve optical modeling process. Two basic methods of rays visualization are mentioned: directly during simulation process and after it. In more detail there is described application of coloring criteria for simulating different situations and problems with optical systems. In particular, drawing of an entire ray with some color specified by a criterion is mentioned, as well as drawing separate ray segments with different colors (when some criteria are applied separately to each segment). Construction of complicated criteria is described also (when some event occurred with ray or its segment should be repeated several times to satisfy the criterion). Besides that, drawing rays with natural colors is mentioned. Some words are also said about methods of commands and data synchronization for implementation of optical modeling system as a plug-in for existing CAD software, in particular, CATIA CAD.
Visualization of the Operational Parameters Archive of a Nuclear Reactor
Authors: Ten Stanislav , Zagrebayev Andrey , Pilyugin Victor
Published: December 2021

For the most part, the solution of the problem of visualizing any data depends on the structure, size and type of data provided. In this work, the data are archives of RBMK or VVER reactors provided from different control and protection systems of the reactors. Despite the fact that several visualization complexes have already been developed, the visualization task is still relevant due to the necessity to improve the quality of monitoring systems and operational personnel. This paper describes the mathematical apparatus for express analysis of the archive of operational parameters of a VVER nuclear reactor. The developed software makes it possible to carry out express analysis of the VVER reactor archive in terms of plotting altitude or time graphs, as well as using dynamic visualization using the Chernoff faces method, which in turn can provide scientific and practical benefits due to improvement the work quality of operating personnel and conduction analysis of situations that requires additional attention and more detailed analysis. Also, the fundamental concept of this work is the method of scientific visualization, which is widely used in various theoretical and experimental studies. It can be said that the main aim of scientific visualization is to make invisible visible.
Automatic Detection of Certain Unwanted Driver Behavior
Authors: Faizov Boris , Shakhuro Vlad , Konushin Anton
Published: December 2021

This work is devoted to the automatic detection of unwanted driver behavior such as smoking, using a mobile phone, and eating. The various existing datasets are practically unsuitable for this task. We did not find suitable training data with RGB video sequences shot from the position of the inner mirror. So we investigated the possibility of training the algorithms for this task on an out-of-domain set of people faces images. We also filmed our own test video sequence in a car to test the algorithms. We investigated different existing algorithms working both with one frame and with video sequences and conducted an experimental comparison of them. The availability of temporal information improved quality. Another important aspect is metrics for assessing the quality of the resulting system. We showed that experimental evaluation in this task should be performed on the entire video sequences. We proposed an algorithm for detecting undesirable driver actions and showed its effectiveness.
Operator’s Gaze Direction Recognition
Authors: Popov Alexey , Shakhuro Vlad , Konushin Anton
Published: December 2021

This work is devoted to the algorithm for recognizing the direction of a operator’s gaze. The paper considers the method of classifying the direction of gaze. The algorithm proposed in this paper allows to determine the driver’s gaze direction, which helps to protect the driving process. In the proposed work, we reviewed the algorithms and methods used to recognize the human gaze in various conditions. For each given method, a list of their positive and negative qualities is indicated. Based on the results of the review, an algorithm for classifying the car driver’s gaze direction is proposed. The proposed algorithm consists of two components. The first part is responsible for the regression of the gaze direction. The second part is responsible for classifying the results of the first part. Experimental evaluation of the developed algorithm has shown that it is effective for the task of classifying the gaze direction. An important advantage of this algorithm is that it does not require repeated training of the algorithm to adapt to other scenarios of gaze direction classification.
Tissue Type Recognition in Whole Slide Histological Images
Authors: Khvostikov Alexander , Krylov Andrey , Mikhailov Ilya , Malkov Pavel , Danilova Natalya
Published: December 2021

Automatic layers recognition of the wall of the stomach and colon on whole slide images is an extremely urgent task in digital pathology as it can be used for automatic determining the depth of invasion of the digestive tract tumors. In this paper we propose a new CNN-based method of automatic tissue type recognition on whole slide histological images. We also describe an effective pipeline of training that uses 2 different training datasets. The proposed method of automatic tissue type recognition achieved 0.929 accuracy and 0.903 balanced accuracy on CRC-VAL-HE-7K dataset for 9-types classification and 0.98 accuracy and 0.926 balanced accuracy on the test subset of whole slide images from PATH-DT- MSU dataset for 5-types classification. The developed method makes it possible to classify the areas corresponding to the gastric own mucous glands in the lamina propria and also to distinguish the tubular structures of a highly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with normal glands.
Preprocessing Images Algorithm without Gaussian Shaped Particles for PIV Analysis and Imaging Vortices on the Epicardial Surface
Authors: Mangileva Daria , Kursanov Alexander , Tsvetkova Alena , Bernikova Olesya , Ovechkin Alexey , Grubbe Maria , Azarov Jan , Katsnelson Leonid
Published: December 2021

e intense movement of the heart and the presence of blood on surface, the application of the necessary small markers is rather difficult, and the use of luminous chemicals would harm physiological functioning. Moreover, these videos contain motion artifacts that complicate further analysis with Particle Image Velocimetry. In this paper, an image preprocessing algorithm was proposed. It is based on approximate tracking individual fragments using the Mean Squared Error for the matrix. The result is binary images where small points are built instead of each fragment. In this study, the proposed algorithm showed better results in comparison with the most suitable filtering methods for specific frames, namely, the Sobel filter and the Canny edge detector. This can be partially explained by the higher density of vector fields due to the absence of unreliable vectors. Thus, the proposed method, unlike others, allows to get vector fields with visible vortex-like mechanical movements.
The Individual’s Perception Space of the Digital Earth
Authors: Baturin Yuri
Published: December 2021

Just as the space of the real world is represented in the human brain (in its perceptual space) not as it really is, so the space of the Digital Earth is represented in the individual's space perception in a distorted way. The mechanism of forming an idea about an object in the perception space of an individual is represented. The structure of the Digital Earth space is discussed. The concept of "virtual-shift" is introduced. It is concluded that the perceptual spaces of the real world and the Digital Earth are turning into a single complex, which can help make the management of sophisticated objects, such as the economy of a particular country or the world economy, more adequate, but can also seriously disrupt it. Assumptions are made as to how this complex is represented in the space of perception of an individual and what are the consequences for the management of the country and international systems.