bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cervicobrachial syndrome: diagnostic and treatment algorithms
Authors: Isaykin A. I. , Akhmedzhanova L. T. , Golenkova S. S. , Koksharova T. S. , Busol V. N. , Isaykin I. A.
Published: June 2024

Neck and shoulder disorders often occur side by side and reinforce each other in their clinical manifestations. Differential diagnosis of neck and shoulder pain can be challenging due to the close anatomical proximity, innervation of neck and shoulder structures, similarity of symptoms and groups of patients suffering from these conditions. Identifying the anatomical source of pain is the most important clinical task when choosing treatment for patients, which is reflected in two clinical observations. In the first clinical case the main complaint was pain in the shoulder; a neuro-orthopedic examination revealed evidence of radicular involvement in the form of a decrease in tendon reflex, pain provocation in Spurling and tension tests, with no evidence of involvement or pain in the joint structures of the shoulder. MRI of the cervical spine revealed signs of CVI discoradicular conflict consistent with the clinical symptoms. In the second observation, the main complaint was pain in the cervical spine and right shoulder, initially considered as radiculopathy; MRI revealed degenerative changes in the spine with possible compression of the CVI root. Neuro-orthopedic examination revealed no signs of radicular lesions; the main anatomical source of pain was coraco-acromial joint involvement, which was confirmed by diagnostic blockade of this joint. Both non-drug methods (kinesiotherapy, manual therapy, ergonomic measures) and medications (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs — Airtal; muscle relaxants — Mydocalm) were used; therapeutic blockades targeting the main source of pain were performed. The cases presented show that it is impossible to determine the main anatomical source of pain based on the pain pattern. It can be determined by a thorough analysis of medical history and a detailed neuro-orthopedic examination. Neuroimaging methods should only be interpreted in the context of the clinical picture. In controversial cases, diagnostic blockades with local anesthetics can be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Cognitive impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Vekhina E. A. , Kasatkin D. S. , Korchevnyi S. E. , Bereznyak K. I.
Published: June 2024

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are a group of immune-mediated inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system that primarily cause dysfunction and death of astrocytes, leading to secondary disruption of myelination. The optic nerve, the spinal cord, the brain stem (periventricular and periaqueductal space) and the diencephalon are most frequently affected sites. According to a meta-analysis of 25 studies, the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) in 761 patients with NMOSD aged 34 to 53 years was between 3 and 75%, after adjustment this figure was 34%. The most frequently observed CI in NMOSD are decreased attention and working memory function, reduced information processing speed and impaired verbal memory and fluency. A significant influence on the severity of CI in NMOSD have the patient's age, the duration of the disease, the level of education, the degree of disability and the severity of upper and lower limb dysfunction. The data collected suggest that neurodegenerative disorders, including CI, are characteristic of this pathology. The pathogenesis of CI in NMOSD is very complex and involves both mechanisms of direct damage to structures that perform cognitive functions (hippocampus, prefontal cortex) and immunological aspects (microglia, complement, interleukin 6), which requires further investigation.
Lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases - focus on ischemic stroke (a position paper)
Authors: Skiba Ia. B. , Polushin A. Yu. , Saganova E. S. , Sokolov A. S. , Polyakova E. A. , Yanishevskiy S. N. , Vosnyuk I. A.
Published: June 2024

High lipoprotein(a) (LP(a)) level contributes as an independent risk factor to the development of cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic origin. The article contains data on the structural features of this particle, the genetic determination of its metabolism and content in blood plasma, and the pathogenic mechanisms of its proatherogenic, proinflammatory and prothrombotic effects. The authors analyzed epidemiological data on the frequency of elevated LP(a) levels in different population groups and its association with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The data presented concern the indicators of LP(a) as a risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke (including recurrent stroke) and its individual pathogenetic subtypes, as well as the relationship between LP(a) levels and functional outcomes after cerebral accidents. Current recommendations for the treatment of patients with elevated LP(a) levels in the context of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases are analyzed.
Concentration of immunoglobulin free light chains in cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nabiev Sh. R. , Dzhukkaeva S. A. , Asvedov M. Sh. , Prokhorov D. E. , Popova E. V. , Grinyuk V. V. , Magomadova P. R. , Apevalova A. R. , Voskresenskaya O. N.
Published: June 2024

Objective: to determine the sensitivity and specificity of method of determining the concentration of immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Material and methods. 80 patients participated in the study. The main group consisted of 54 patients diagnosed with MS according to the 2017 McDonald criteria. The comparison group (n=26) comprised patients with other diseases of the nervous system. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the concentration of FLCs (kappa- and lambda-chains) in the CSF.

Results. In the group of patients with MS, an increase in the concentration of free kappa-chains (к-FLCs) in the CSF was found compared to the comparison group (p<0.001). With an increase in the concentration of κ-FLCs, a decrease in the sensitivity and an increase in the specificity of the method for the diagnosis of MS was observed. The к-FLCs cut-off value of 0.17 μg/ml had a sensitivity of 68.5 % and a specificity of 92.3 %. The cut-off value of 0.22 μg/ml had a sensitivity of 59.3 % and a specificity of 100 %. The concentrations of lambda-FLCs in the CSF in the MS group and in the comparison, group did not differ significantly (p=0.1).

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate an increase in the concentration of к-FLCs in the CSF of MS patients. This biomarker showed a high specificity for this pathology. However, further development of optimal thresholds is required to clarify the diagnostic value of CSF к-FLCs concentration in MS patients.
Still Another Anti-Molinist Argument
Authors: Rubio Daniel
Published: June 2024

Molinists offer a tempting bargain: accept divine middle knowledge, and reap solutions to a number of philosophical/theological problems. The prime benefit we are meant to reap from middle knowledge is a solution to the problem of freedom and providence. I argue that they cannot deliver. Even if we make metaphysical and semantic assumptions that have generally been considered friendly to Molinism, Molinism is in danger of undermining divine providence altogether. The spectre of this “collapse” persists despite Molinism-friendly assumptions and plagues the best Molinist theories defended in the literature.
Response of a Stretched String Subjected to a Moving Mass
Authors: Gupta Shakti S , Kumar Kush
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the dynamics of a taut horizontal string with a constant velocity moving mass including its rotary inertia, is modelled. The equation of motion is solved using Galerkin’s approach, employing appropriate comparison functions. A discontinuity or jump in the trajectory of the mass has been established when the mass is about to leave the string. The consideration of rotary inertia in the model is found to affect the spatial location of the jump in the trajectory of the moving mass.
Characterization and Modelling of Particulate Composite with Flaky Aluminium Additives
Authors: Rao Chethana P , Subramanian Harini , Murthy H , PA Ramakrishna , Mulay Shantanu S
Published: June 2024

The utilisation of flaky aluminium as an additive in the composite matrix has shown the ability to overcome the brittle nature encountered in epoxy resins. The additive increases the overall composite toughness without compromising its strength. The novelty of the present work is the demonstration of modelling the constitutive response of the particulate composite from the uniaxial tension tests conducted at three different displacement rates. Utilising two different mean-field homogenisation schemes (Dilute inclusion and Mori-Tanaka), the macro-scale properties were estimated and compared with the material constants obtained from experiments for this new particulate composite, which is proposed in the current study. The rate-independent response, at lower loading rates, is modelled by the elasto-plastic (EP) model, and the rate-dependent response, at higher loading rates, is modelled by elastic-viscoplastic (VP) model while capturing an inelastic deformation as seen in the fractographs. The EP and VP model material constants are then successfully obtained by optimisation employing the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and are eventually used in validating the experimental stress response.
NIDCAP Leader - Fatima Clemente
Authors: Clementine Fatima
Published: June 2024

No abstract
Horários de administração de corticosteroides
Authors: Azevedo Maria Fernanda Salomão de
Published: June 2024

Em nosso organismo, há um hormônio chamado cortisol, que é o responsável por manter a pressão arterial e nos dar energia. É liberado no sangue mais intensamente pela manhã, e no decorrer do dia essa liberação diminui.Os medicamentos glicocorticoides imitam o efeito do cortisol, por  isso, o melhor horário para  tomá-los é pela manhã, para interferir menos na liberação natural do cortisol pelo nosso organismo e, com isso, diminuir a possibilidade de certos efeitos indesejados. Além do horário de administração, a dose utilizada e a duração do tratamento também influenciam no risco de ocorrência desses efeitos.               Se esquecer de usar o medicamento e ainda for de manhã, tome imediatamente a dose esquecida. Se lembrar no período da tarde ou da noite, não volte a utilizá-lo e tome normalmente no próximo horário.
Project Pitch
Authors: Azevedo Pedro Henrique Dutra de Abreu Mancini de , Campos Arthur Granato Ferreira , Mendes Allan Mariano
Published: June 2024

Pesquisas recentes têm discutido como o design thinking pode ser incluído dentro das práticas de gerenciamento de projetos. Entretanto, a literatura ainda carece de estudos que demonstram aplicações práticas dessa nova abordagem. Neste sentido, esse artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a utilização de uma ferramenta de design thinking dentro do processo de seleção de projetos. Por meio de um estudo de caso único em uma empresa do setor de saúde, foram relatadas as experiências do uso de uma ferramenta intitulada Project Pitch, que foi construída utilizando conceitos de design thinking. Além disso, também foi realizada uma análise comparativa entre o Project Pitch e o Termo de Abertura de Projetos (TAP), a fim de trazer contribuições para acadêmicos e praticantes da área de gerenciamento de projetos. O estudo de caso demonstrou que o Project Pitch conseguiu preencher lacunas que o TAP não consegue preencher. Porém, ao contrário de se achar que o Project Pitch possa ser uma alternativa para substituir o TAP, o estudo sugere que o uso de ambas em conjunto pode tornar o processo de seleção de projetos mais eficaz.
Comportamento de cocriação como moderador do impacto da qualidade dos serviços na percepção dos clientes
Authors: Felisberto Márcio Juberto , Picolo Jaime Dagostim
Published: June 2024

O termo cocriação, aplicado na prática empresarial, relaciona-se diretamente ao valor recebido e percebido pelo cliente em função da prestação de serviços. O mercado da beleza, caracterizado por sua amplitude e competitividade, é marcado pela contínua preocupação humana com a beleza desde a antiguidade, aspecto que influencia significativamente na confiança e felicidade dos indivíduos. Este estudo tem por objetivo examinar a influência do comportamento de cocriação na relação entre a qualidade dos serviços e a percepção dos clientes. Para tal, conduziu-se uma pesquisa descritiva, visitando-se 12 estabelecimentos de serviços de beleza na microrregião da AMESC, resultando na coleta de 504 questionários. A análise quantitativa do comportamento de cocriação, da qualidade dos serviços e da percepção dos clientes foi possibilitada através da coleta de dados. Utilizaram-se técnicas estatísticas de equações estruturais, com suporte do SmartPLS, para testar as relações teóricas propostas. Avaliou-se, na qualidade dos serviços, as dimensões de tangibilidade, confiabilidade, responsividade, segurança e empatia; e, na percepção dos clientes, as dimensões de satisfação e lealdade. Os resultados deste trabalho empírico corroboram a existência de uma relação significativa entre a qualidade dos serviços no setor da beleza e a percepção dos clientes, destacando o papel moderador das dimensões do comportamento de cocriação. Ressalta-se a importância deste comportamento, englobando dimensões como busca e compartilhamento de informações, comportamento responsável, interação pessoal, feedback, defesa, auxílio e tolerância.
Palavras-chave: Cocriação. Qualidade dos serviços. Lealdade do cliente.
Auf dem Weg vom Teenager zum Twen
Authors: Kühn Diemar , Plewa Hans-Erich
Published: June 2024

Regionalstatistische Informationssysteme sind aus dem Arbeitsalltag der statistischen Landesämter nicht mehr wegzudenken: Sie sind gleichrangig neben die klassischen Formen der Bereitstellung statistischer Informationen getreten. Die Vielzahl statistischer Ämter hat indessen auch zu einer Vielzahl verschiedener Lösungen gefunden. Welchen Weg die Informationssysteme bisher gingen, wo sie heute stehen und welchen Weg sie künftig einschlagen sollten – diese Fragen werden im Überblick untersucht. Am Beispiel der Landesdatenbank Nordrhein-Westfalen wird sodann das Leistungsvermögen eines relativ fortgeschrittenen statistischen Informationssystems dargestellt.
Strukturförderung in ländlichen peripheren und strukturschwachen Regionen
Authors: Schäfer Dieter
Published: June 2024

Die Problematik der peripheren und ländlich strukturschwachen Regionen liegt weniger in ihrem spezifischen Attraktivitätsmangel, sondern vielmehr in einem kontinuierlich weiterproduzierten Attraktivitätsüberschuß der Ballungen. Insofern muß bezweifelt werden, ob eine im wesentlichen auf partielle Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für die ländlichen Fördergebiete ausgerichtete Regionalpolitik überhaupt auf Dauer erfolgreich sein kann, wenn sie in ihrem Maßnahmekatalog die Ursachen des räumlichen Konzentrationsprozesses und der ungebrochenen Sogwirkung der Ballungen unberücksichtigt läßt.Die Strukturförderung in ländlich peripheren Regionen wird zusätzlich gefährdet, wenn, wie derzeit, in die Fördergebietskulisse der Gemeinschaftsaufgabe auch alte, vom Strukturwandel betroffene zentral gelegene Industriegebiete einbezogen werden. Dazu kommt die mangelnde Synchronisation von Investitionsentscheidungen im Bereich der Forschungs‑, Technologie- und Industriepolitik im Hinblick auf ihre räumlichen Auswirkungen, die drohende Unterversorgung ländlicher Gebiete mit Kommunikationsinfrastruktur, Ausstattungslücken in diesen Gebieten mit wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen und Institutionen und auch für diese Gebiete negativ wirkende Trends der „Freizeitgesellschaft“Die Neuorientierung der regionalen Strukturpolitik muß ein Regelwerk beinhalten, mit Wirkung für die nicht von vornherein regionalpolitisch gezielten, gleichwohl regionalwirksamen Fachpolitiken. Das Regelwerk muß angemessene Ordnungsmittelaufweisen, die als konstitutive Elemente der raumwirksamen Vorgänge wirken können, so wie wir dies im Bereich der Wettbewerbspolitik, der Währungspolitik und der Außenwirtschaftspolitik auch haben und in anderen Politikbereichen vielleicht haben sollten.
Zur Frage der Ermittlung kardinal skalierter regionalwirtschaftlicher Beschäftigungseffekte von Fernstraßeninvestitionen im Rahmen eines standardisierten Bewertungsverfahrens
Authors: Aberle Gerd
Published: June 2024

Neben der Erfassung und Bewertung von Umwelteffekten ergeben sich die größten Schwierigkeiten der Verkehrswegeplanung bei der Evaluierung der regionalwirtschaftlichen Wirkungen von Straßenbauprojekten. Eine umfängliche Zahl von ex post-Analysen hat zu keinem eindeutigen Ergebnis geführt. Die Bundesverkehrswegeplanung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland benutzt zur Erfassung dieser regionalwirtschaftlichen Wirkungen ein standardisiertes Bewertungskonzept, das zu kardinal skalierten Ergebnissen führt. Im Sinne einer Vereinfachung und Angleichung der Bewertungsprinzipien erscheint ein solches standardisierte kardinales Bewertungsverfahren durchaus plausibel. Dennoch sind erhebliche Bedenken angebracht, da in dieses standardisierte Bewertungskonzept Hypothesen eingehen, die aufgrund von Analysen gewonnen wurden, die Anfang der 70er Jahre erstellt wurden. Die fundamentalen Veränderungen in den gesamtwirtschaftlichen Rahmendaten lassen jedoch eine Übertragung dieser raum-zeit-gebundenen Erfahrungen in die Zukunft nicht zu. Rückstands- und Erheblichkeitsindikatoren sind nicht geeignet, zukunftsbezogene Informationen über die regionalwirtschaftlichen Wirkungen von Straßeninvestitionen zu geben. Vielmehr sind für die konkreten Einzelvorhaben systematische raumwirtschaftliche Fallstudien durchzuführen, welche der Frage nachgehen, ob die Quantität und die Qualität der Verkehrsinfrastrukturausstattung für die Betrachtungsregion einen Engpaß für die zukünftige Ausschöpfung des regionalen Entwicklungspotentials darstellt. Die Beantwortung dieser Frage setzt voraus, daß prognostische Aussagen über das regionale Entwicklungspotential, das Standortwahlverhalten von Unternehmen und die sektorstrukturspezifischen Veränderungen formuliert werden können.Ein statistisch feststellbares quantitatives Defizit an Verkehrswegen in einer Region im Vergleich zu anderen Teilräumen (gemessen durch einen Erheblichkeitsindikator) oder ein vergleichsweise hoher Anteil an struktureller Arbeitslosigkeit (gemessen durch einen Rückstandsindikator) erlauben es nicht, eine Wirkungskette dergestalt anzunehmen, daß durch Verkehrsbauten Beschäftigungs- und Wertschöpfungseffekte in einem raumpolitisch erwünschten Umfange auch tatsächlich eintreten. Die Komplexität der Beziehungen zwischen Verkehrsinfrastrukturinvestitionen und der Regionalentwicklung in Volkswirtschaften mit bestehender Grundausstattung stellt vielmehr solche sehr einfachen Hypothesen in Frage, ohne daß jedoch generell vom Fehlen einer solchen Beziehung ausgegangen werden kann. Bei der Fortschreibung der Bundesverkehrswegeplanung 1983 wird das umstrittene standardisierte Bewertungskonzept aufrechterhalten und nur bei den Bewertungsansätzen geringfügig modifiziert. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt auf, in welcher Richtung sich die weiteren Forschungsarbeiten bei dieser Fragestellung bewegen sollten.
Do Where People Interact Matters to Social Capital? Comparative Analysis of Middle- and High-Rise Public Housing
Authors: Malik Alpraditia
Published: June 2024

As a growing country, the challenge of providing affordable housing has grown over recent years. Public housing has emerged as a leading government initiative to provide better housing alternatives, especially for low incomes. However, due to the limited land availability, public housing development has shifted from middle- to high-rise housing type. Previous studies have shown that high-rise living can have detrimental effects on low-income residents, especially regarding their social capital. This study explores the interactional spaces within both housing types, their social capital, and whether the former influences the latter. Quantitative analysis was conducted on 255 respondents in middle- and high-rise public housing for low incomes in the Jakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The results indicated some similarities as well as differences in both housing styles. Respondents in both housing types mostly interacted in corridor areas, even though the percentage was higher for the high-rise case. Moreover, while both cases lacked the same social capital indicators, the middle-rise case had a relatively better situation than its high-rise counterparts. Furthermore, it was found that interactional spaces appear to influence their social capital, and the effects were varied for both middle- and high-rise and each social capital indicator. This study concludes that the intensity of interaction within a particular space does not necessarily translate to better social capital.
Phytochemical, proximate analysis and antioxidant activity of the rhizome of Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) B.L. Burtt (Zingiberaceae) in Tamulpur district, Assam
Authors: Daimary Minisrang , Islary Pungbili , Daimari Rebecca
Published: June 2024

The present research examines the chemical composition, proximate characteristics and antioxidant analysis of Alpinia nigra’s rhizome extract. Results of GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 22 volatile compounds of which Tris (tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy) arsane (2.89 %), 2-ethylthiolane, S, S-dioxide (3.47 %), Ambrial (6.68 %) and Silicic acid, diethyl bis (trimethylsilyl) ester (4.59 %) were the major compounds. The rhizome was found to have variable quantities of proximate compositions such as moisture content (55.5 %), ash content (4.72 %), crude fat (52 %), crude fibre (41.25 %), crude protein (28.95 µg/g), carbohydrate (46.27 %) and dry matter (33.4 %). The crude extraction of the rhizome was done by Soxhlet apparatus. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, terpenoid, glycoside, steroid, carbohydrate and a considerable amount of phenol and flavonoid. Phenolic and flavonoid content in the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride assays as gallic acid equivalent and quercetin equivalent respectively. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of rhizome extract, phosphomolybdenum assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) were used. The findings indicate that the rhizome extract is rich in phenol and flavonoid content and would serve as a promising source of natural antioxidants in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
Experienced Learners from Generation Z and the Traditional Vision of the Good Language Teacher: On The Issue of Teacher Authenticity
Authors: Nosidlak Katarzyna
Published: June 2024

Different societies have their own perspectives on the definition of a good language teacher, as their members attach varying degrees of importance to the different skills and personal qualities required for effective teaching. While available studies have identified numerous desired language and pedagogical competencies among educators, the dynamic post-pandemic reality has brought increased attention to the importance of building and maintaining relationships with students. This process inevitably involves emotional engagement from both educators and students. Consequently, there is a growing call for both groups to accept their true selves and act authentically in their educational interactions.
In response to the promotion of these values in education, this article aims to present the results of a study that sought to examine how experienced language students, representing Generation Z in Poland, define and evaluate authentic behaviours of their foreign language teachers. The participants of the study were asked to complete an online questionnaire containing both open and closed questions about their perceptions of their teachers’ authenticity. The thematic analysis of the qualitative data revealed a one-sided, unequivocally positive perception of authenticity, both in the general sense and in relation to the educational context. Numerous positive traits, such as sincerity, openness, sense of humour and didactic expertise were recognised as characteristics of authentic language teachers.
Renin–angiotensin system inhibitors positively impact on multiple aging regulatory pathways: Could they be used to protect against human aging?
Authors: de Cavanagh Elena M. V. , Inserra Felipe , Ferder León
Published: June 2024

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS)—a classical blood pressure regulator—largely contributes to healthy organ development and function. Besides, RAS activation promotes age‐related changes and age‐associated diseases, which are attenuated/abolished by RAS‐blockade in several mammalian species. RAS‐blockers also increase rodent lifespan. In previous work, we discussed how RAS‐blockade downregulates mTOR and growth hormone/IGF‐1 signaling, and stimulates AMPK activity (together with klotho, sirtuin, and vitamin D‐receptor upregulation), and proposed that at least some of RAS‐blockade's aging benefits are mediated through regulation of these intermediaries and their signaling to mitochondria. Here, we included RAS‐blockade's impact on other aging regulatory pathways, that is, TGF‐ß, NF‐kB, PI3K, MAPK, PKC, Notch, and Wnt, all of which affect mitochondria. No direct evidence is available on RAS/RAS‐blockade‐aging regulatory pathway–mitochondria interactions. However, existing results allow to conjecture that RAS‐blockers neutralize mitochondrial dysfunction by acting on the discussed pathways. The reviewed evidence led us to propose that the foundation is laid for conducting clinical trials aimed at testing whether angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)—even at subclinical doses—offer the possibility to live longer and in better health. As ACEi and ARB are low cost and well‐tolerated anti‐hypertension therapies in use for over 35 years, investigating their administration to attenuate/prevent aging effects seems simple to implement.
Kulturgutschutz und Bekämpfung von Desinformation – Aufgaben internationaler Bibliothekskooperation in Zeiten des Krieges
Authors: Bohn Anna , Hamann Olaf
Published: June 2024

Der Beitrag behandelt die internationale Zusammenarbeit der Bibliotheken zum Erhalt von Kulturgut im Netzwerk Kulturgutschutz Ukraine und die Bekämpfung von Desinformation in Zeiten des Russisch-Ukrainischen Kriegs. Der erste Abschnitt zeigt Russlands Einsatz von (Des-)Information als Waffe im Angriffskrieg, der von einem global geführten Informationskrieg flankiert wird. Der zweite Abschnitt klärt die Begriffe Desinformation, Misinformation, Fake News und Deep Fakes. Der dritte Abschnitt hebt die Bedeutung präziser Sprache und Wortwahl zur Vermeidung von Manipulation und Desinformation hervor. Der vierte Abschnitt präsentiert Strategien zur Bekämpfung von Desinformation. Der fünfte Abschnitt gibt Einblick in die Arbeit des Netzwerks Kulturgutschutz Ukraine und verdeutlicht die Bedeutung internationaler Hilfe für Bibliotheken und Gesellschaften, die unter Angriff stehen. Der sechste Abschnitt präsentiert ausgewählte Informationsdienstleistungen und Nachrichtenquellen aus der Ukraine, Deutschland sowie russische Exilmedien. Der siebte Abschnitt unterstreicht die Rolle der Informationseinrichtungen für den Zugang zu Dokumenten über den Krieg, sowie über Kriegsverbrechen und Menschenrechtsverletzungen vor dem Hintergrund der Informationsethik und Berufsethik von Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekaren.
Delayed diagnosis of new onset pediatric diabetes leading to diabetic ketoacidosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hadley Stephanie M. , Michelson Kenneth A.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Patients with a delayed diagnosis of diabetes are more likely to present in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of missed pediatric diabetes diagnoses in emergency departments (EDs) potentially leading to DKA.

Methods

Cases of children under 19 years old with a first-time diagnosis of diabetes mellitus presenting to EDs in DKA were drawn from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database. A total of 11,716 cases were included. A delayed diagnosis of diabetes leading to DKA was defined by an ED discharge in the 14 days prior to the DKA diagnosis. The delayed diagnosis cases were analyzed using multivariate analysis to identify risk factors associated with delay, with the primary exposure being child opportunity index (COI) and secondary exposure being race/ethnicity. Rates of complications were compared across groups.

Results

Delayed diagnosis of new onset diabetes leading to DKA occurred in 2.9 %. Delayed diagnosis was associated with COI, with 4.5 , 3.5, 1.9, and 1.5 % occurring by increasing COI quartile (p<0.001). Delays were also associated with younger age and non-Hispanic Black race. Patients with a delayed diagnosis were more likely to experience complications (4.4 vs. 2.2 %, p=0.01) including mechanical ventilation, as well as more frequent intensive care unit admissions and longer length of stays.

Conclusions

Among children with new-onset DKA, 2.9 % had a delayed diagnosis. Delays were associated with complications. Children living in areas with lower child opportunity and non-Hispanic Black children were at higher risk of delays.
Synthesis, characterization and film preparation of 6FDA-based polyimides with polar groups arranged for thermal crosslinking
Authors: López-Badillo Maribel , Galicia-Aguilar José Alberto , García-Castro Miguel Ángel , Varela-Caselis Jenaro Leocadio , Herrera-González Ana Maria , Reyes-Montero Armando , López-Morales Salvador
Published: June 2024

Thermal crosslinking of polyimides is a relevant methodology to increase their chemical resistance. This reaction is induced by heating after polymerization. Although this reaction is considered a viable route to modify polyimides, there is controversy over the specific temperature for the reaction. To contribute to the knowledge of crosslinked structures, we performed a differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and solubility test studies on a series of polyimides with different molar ratios of carboxylic acid groups. With 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) as a source of carboxylic acid groups, the copolyimides were synthesized from 2,2′-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) and 4,4ʹ-hexafluoropropylidenebis(p-phenylenoxy)dianiline (6FPA) to form blocks of 6FDA:6FPA (n) and 6FDA:DABA (m) from m = 0–100 %. Flat films were prepared at 50 ± 3 µm with polyimides. In the thermogram of the flat films, a heat absorption zone associated with the decarboxylation reaction was identified with an endothermic minimum at 260 °C, which was assigned to the crosslinking temperature. Furthermore, heating time was varied for 3–36 h to determine the insolubility of the thermally crosslinked polyimide; from 24 h of heating the polyimide were insoluble. The polyimides were thoroughly characterized by ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA, SEM, the fractional free volume (FFV) was determined by the Bondi’s group contribution method and solubility to different organic solvents. The FFV of crosslinked polyimides increases relative to pristine polyimides by 2 % for those with higher DABA content and 40 % for those with lower DABA content. Finally, also the glass transition temperature increases in the crosslinked polyimides relative to the pristine ones from 280 °C for the lowest DABA content to 402 °C for the highest DABA content, demonstrating the increase in the thermal resistance of the structure.
Balancing Biosafety and Innovation: Navigating Legislative Landscapes in AI-driven Biohacking
Authors: Goldstein Elan
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence and Biohacking prominent fields of emerging technology. Nonetheless, both fields are minimally regulated. Regulating policy is necessary to ensure that AI-Driven Biohacking can safely innovate.
The Marxist Method as the Foundation of Social Criticism – Lukács’ Perspective
Authors: Souza Mateus Soares de
Published: June 2024

The investigation into the foundations of social critique has increasingly gained importance in the tradition known as Critical Theory. In this context, I will analyze Lukács’ work, particularly History and Class Consciousness, to comprehend the foundation he provides for social critique, rooted in the adoption of Marxism as a method. I posit that the escalating disjunction between the critique of the object and the critique of theory is attributable to the deepening social fragmentation engendered by capitalist structures. This inherent characteristic underscores the imperative for a cohesive amalgamation of epistemic and socio-ontological critique. To elucidate Lukács’ model of critique, I will give particular attention to the chapter “What Is Orthodox Marxism?”. By doing this, I aim to elucidate Lukács’ assertion that the Marxist method facilitates a harmonious integration between the epistemic and socio-ontological dimensions of life, once it incorporates crucial categories such as historicity, totality, reciprocal action, and mediation. Furthermore, his method underscores the symbiotic relationship between some elements of the political economy and the German philosophical tradition, which shapes Lukács’ conceptualization of critique.
A comparison study of liability of the carrier in the International Conventions on the Carriage of Goods By Sea
Authors: Quynh Nguyen Thi
Published: June 2024

The introduction of the four conventions, namely the Hague Rules, Hague Visby Rules, Hamburg Rules, and Rotterdam Rules is to establish a uniform and harmonized regime governing the international carriage of goods by sea. The rules on the carrier’s liability are the central issues of these conventions which directly connect to the allocation of risks between the carrier and cargo interests. However, the solutions adopted in these Conventions are not likely to satisfy all parties in the international marine community and have faced various criticisms. This research will look at the liability of the carrier regime under these four Conventions. It will examine, by comparative analytical method, the regulation of carrier’s liability in the four Conventions and the similarities and differences between them. It concludes among other things that the Rotterdam Rules deal with the liability of carrier rules better than the older conventions.
Angiography-Based Computational Modeling for In Vivo Assessment of Endothelial Dynamic Strain in Coronary Arteries with De Novo Lesions: Comparison of Treatment Effects of Drug-Coated Balloons Between Small and Large Arteries
Authors: Xu Lei , Tang Zhouhao , Zou He , Jiang Yiqiu , Shen Youxian , Zhang Xinmin , Elkoumy Ahmed , Guan Xueqiang , Wu Lianpin , Wu Xinlei
Published: June 2024

Acute morphological changes in de novo coronary lesions after drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty can affect endothelial mechanics and consequently clinical outcomes. Angiography-based computational modeling has been validated to assess endothelial dynamic strain (EDS) in coronary arteries in vivo. The EDS was calculated on the basis of pre- and post-DCB angiography. Parameters of quantitative coronary angiography and EDS were quantified at cross-sections in the treated segments. A total of 336 and 348 lesion cross-sections were included in the small/large vessel groups, respectively. The acute lumen gain after DCB was significantly higher in large than small vessels (relative changes: 21.3% [17.4%, 25.1%] vs. 7.4% [4.8%, 10.1%], P < 0.001). Before treatment, three indices of EDS were significantly higher in small than large vessels (for ED-EDS: 29.2% [19.8%, 44.8%] vs. 20.4% [14.3%, 30.2%]; for ES-EDS: 26.8% [18.9%, 37.7%] vs. 18.3% [13.9%, 25.4%]; for TA-EDS: 19.1% [13.9%, 27.8%] vs. 14.3% [10.5%, 20.1%], P < 0.001). After treatment, the EDS in small vessels significantly decreased (P < 0.001). ED-EDS showed the highest correlation with pre-DCB DSP (r = 0.43, P < 0.001) and post-DCB MLD (r = 0.35, P < 0.001). The levels of EDS parameters for small or large vessel lesions significantly differed. Further study is required to examine the clinical value of EDS in predicting cardiac events after DCB treatment.
Segmenting and Predicting Musical Phrase Structure Exploits Neural Gain Modulation and Phase Precession
Authors: Teng Xiangbin , Larrouy-Maestri Pauline , Poeppel David
Published: June 2024

Music, like spoken language, is often characterized by hierarchically organized structure. Previous experiments have shown neural tracking of notes and beats, but little work touches on the more abstract question: how does the brain establish high-level musical structures in real time? We presented Bach chorales to participants (20 females and 9 males) undergoing electroencephalogram (EEG) recording to investigate how the brain tracks musical phrases. We removed the main temporal cues to phrasal structures, so that listeners could only rely on harmonic information to parse a continuous musical stream. Phrasal structures were disrupted by locally or globally reversing the harmonic progression, so that our observations on the original music could be controlled and compared. We first replicated the findings on neural tracking of musical notes and beats, substantiating the positive correlation between musical training and neural tracking. Critically, we discovered a neural signature in the frequency range ∼0.1 Hz (modulations of EEG power) that reliably tracks musical phrasal structure. Next, we developed an approach to quantify the phrasal phase precession of the EEG power, revealing that phrase tracking is indeed an operation of active segmentation involving predictive processes. We demonstrate that the brain establishes complex musical structures online over long timescales (>5 s) and actively segments continuous music streams in a manner comparable to language processing. These two neural signatures, phrase tracking and phrasal phase precession, provide new conceptual and technical tools to study the processes underpinning high-level structure building using noninvasive recording techniques.
Characterization of Mice Carrying a Neurodevelopmental Disease-Associated GluN2B(L825V) Variant
Authors: Candelas Serra Miriam , Kuchtiak Viktor , Kubik-Zahorodna Agnieszka , Kysilov Bohdan , Fili Klevinda , Hrcka Krausova Barbora , Abramova Vera , Dobrovolski Mark , Harant Karel , Bozikova Paulina , Cerny Jiri , Prochazka Jan , Kasparek Petr , Sedlacek Radislav , Balik Ales , Smejkalova Tereza , Vyklicky Ladislav
Published: June 2024

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), encoded byGRINgenes, are ionotropic glutamate receptors playing a critical role in synaptic transmission, plasticity, and synapse development. Genome sequence analyses have identified variants inGRINgenes in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, but the underlying disease mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we have created and evaluated a transgenic mouse line carrying a missense variantGrin2bL825V, corresponding to a de novoGRIN2Bvariant encoding GluN2B(L825V) found in a patient with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used HEK293T cells expressing recombinant receptors and primary hippocampal neurons prepared from heterozygousGrin2bL825V/+(L825V/+) and wild-type (WT)Grin2b+/+(+/+) male and female mice to assess the functional impact of the variant. Whole-cell NMDAR currents were reduced in neurons from L825V/+ compared with +/+ mice. The peak amplitude of NMDAR-mediated evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (NMDAR-eEPSCs) was unchanged, but NMDAR-eEPSCs in L825V/+ neurons had faster deactivation compared with +/+ neurons and were less sensitive to a GluN2B-selective antagonist ifenprodil. Together, these results suggest a decreased functional contribution of GluN2B subunits to synaptic NMDAR currents in hippocampal neurons from L825V/+ mice. The analysis of the GluN2B(L825V) subunit surface expression and synaptic localization revealed no differences compared with WT GluN2B. Behavioral testing of mice of both sexes demonstrated hypoactivity, anxiety, and impaired sensorimotor gating in the L825V/+ strain, particularly affecting males, as well as cognitive symptoms. The heterozygous L825V/+ mouse offers a clinically relevant model ofGRIN2B-related ID/ASD, and our results suggest synaptic-level functional changes that may contribute to neurodevelopmental pathology.
Estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje para el cuidado profesional de enfermería: consecuencias de la COVID-19
Authors: Rojas-Espinoza Jessica Belen , Martínez-Talavera Beatriz Elizabeth , Sánchez-García Jehú Abraham , Arzate-Zarza María del Socorro Paulina , Puebla-Valdes Miriam Guadalupe
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: identificar las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje para el cuidado profesional de enfermería por las consecuencias de la COVID-19. Métodos: estudio cualitativo mediante enfoque teórico fenomenológico. La población fueron 11 docentes y 10 estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de una Universidad Pública, se les aplicó una entrevista a profundidad, siendo audio-grabadas para posterior transcripción. Se utilizó categorización abierta; el análisis de contenido permitió la identificación de las categorías: Estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje, Aprendizajes adquiridos y competencias profesionales. Resultados: las estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje más relevantes son las metodologías activas y el trabajo colaborativo. La adaptabilidad de estudiantes y docentes es lo más importante a destacar, potencializando el desarrollo de competencias mediante la vinculación de la teoría y la práctica. Conclusiones: es evidente que los actores coinciden que las estrategias tienen una mejor aplicación y resultados sobre el aprendizaje del cuidado a través de la modalidad de educación presencial, facilitando el acercamiento a escenarios reales para generar un aprendizaje significativo. Contribuciones para la práctica: el panorama completo de la transición educativa por la que pasaron docentes y estudiantes durante la pandemia, respaldó la identificación de estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje que favorecen el aprendizaje significativo.
Consumer Protection Due to Music Festival Cancellation
Authors: Anshari Muhammad Taher , Suprapti Duhita Driyah
Published: June 2024

Consumer rights violations persist at music festivals due to errors and negligence by business actors, resulting in a disregard for legal protections and certainty. This failure in fulfilling legal responsibilities often leads to event cancellations. This study investigates two key issues: (1) Consumer protection following the cancellation of the 2022 Berdendang Bergoyang Festival, and (2) Dispute resolution efforts stemming from business actors' mistakes in the cancellation. Employing empirical juridical methods, including interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis, the research reveals loopholes allowing event organizers to bypass regulations, such as inadequate permits, facilitating exploitation by negligent parties. Resolution strategies involve non-litigation methods, such as mediation, aiming to refund tickets and compensate audiences. Litigation remains an option if agreements cannot be reached. The research concludes that consumer protection mechanisms often fail due to consumer vulnerability and business actors' lack of good faith. Recommendations include regulatory adjustments to eliminate loopholes, ensuring legal compliance and consumer welfare. Effective consumer dispute resolution requires both litigation and non-litigation approaches, emphasizing the importance of governmental and law enforcement intervention to safeguard consumer rights and promote legal certainty in festival arrangements.
Çağdaş Felsefe Bağlamında Robert Nozick’te Zorlama Kavramı Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Çakır Sevgi
Published: June 2024

Zorlama kavramının tarihi çok eskiye dayanmamakla birlikte özellikle çağdaş felsefe içinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Dolayısıyla zorlama kavramı ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar da genel olarak çağdaş felsefe içinde yer almaktadır. Zorlama kavramı ile ilgili yapılan ilk çalışmaya Robert Nozick’in “Coercion” başlıklı çalışması örnek verilebilir. Bu çalışmasında Nozick, zorlama kavramının analizine odaklanmıştır. Aynı zamanda Nozick, zorlama kavramının analiziyle ilişkili olan bazı kavramlara da açıklık getirmeyi amaçlamıştır. O, zorlama kavramını, tehdit ve öneri kavramları üzerinden açıklamıştır. Tehdit ve öneri kavramları da özellikle günümüzde çağdaş ahlak felsefesinde çokça ifade edilen başka türlü yapamama fikri ile ahlaki sorumluluk fikrini canlandırmıştır. Böylece Nozick’in sözü edilen çalışması, zorlama ile ilgili daha sonra yapılan çalışmalar için de bir rehber ve model görevi görmüştür. Nozick’le başlayan bu çalışmalar ardından çeşitli isimlerle günümüzde de tartışılmaya devam etmektedir. Zorlama ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında genel olarak hepsi de birtakım önermeler ve örnekler üzerinden açıklanmaktadır. Bu bakımdan bu makalenin konusu çağdaş felsefede zorlama kavramı ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalara ışık tutmak ve açıklamaktır. Bu makalenin amacı ise zorlama kavramını açıklamak için oluşturulan önermeleri ve örnekleri analiz etmek ve onların yeterli olup olmadığını tartışmaktır. Bunu yaparken zaman zaman zorlama fikrine yapılan itirazlara ve yorumlara da yer verilecektir. Dahası konunun literatüre katkı sağlaması ve yapılan tartışmalara ışık tutması amaçlanmaktadır.
Gadamer Ontolojisindeki Köprüleri Yıkmak: Geç Dönem Energeia Kullanımının Oyun ve Organizma Kavramlarıyla Birlikte Düşünülmesi
Authors: Laçin Hanifi
Published: June 2024

Gadamer’in düşünce yolculuğunda bazı noktaları tashih yoluna gittiği düşünülse de genel felsefi serüveninde bir süreklilik olduğu kabul edilir. Kendisinin de bizzat düşüncesinde/ontolojisinde kırılma olduğuna yönelik bir ifadesi bulunmamaktadır. Bununla birlikte farklı tarihlerde yazılmış metinlerden erken dönemde kaleme alınmış olan hacimli eserinde sanat ontolojisini oyun, geç dönemde yayınlanan bir makalesinde ise Aristotelesçi kavramlar olan energeia ve bu kavramla ilişkili saf energeia kavramından hareketle kurmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı bu değişikliğin gerçekten bir anlamının olup olmadığını soruşturmaktır. Şayet iki eserin ontolojisi arasında köklü bir fark varsa ve bu gösterilebilirse Gadamer felsefesinin erken dönemi ve geç dönemi arasında bir kopukluk ya da tutarsızlık olduğu söylenebilir.
Bu makaledeki soruşturmada her iki eser karşılıklı okunarak eserlerin kavramsal çerçevesi arasında uyumsuzluk olduğu, bunun da ötesinde Gadamer’in kullandığı haliyle oyun ve energeia-saf energeia kavramlarının aynı ontolojinin parçaları olamayacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Oyun kavramının energeia’yla uygunsuzluğu oyun kavramının zorunlu olarak asıl-temsil, öz-görünüş arasında bir ayrıma gitmeyi zorunlu kılmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Buna mukabil organizmanın bu ayrımları -Gadamer ve Hegel’de farklı şekillerde de olsa- aşarak energeia kavramıyla çok daha yakın bir ilişkiye sahip olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Dolayısıyla makalenin bir diğer gayesi de energeia ve organizma kavramları arasında oyun ve energeia’da olduğu gibi bir ahenk probleminin olmadığını, doğa ve sanatın büyük ölçüde birlikte düşünülebileceğini göstermektir. Bu husus Gadamer’in energeia kullanımını modern dönemde Kant’la birlikte başlayan ve Hegel’de çok daha asli bir çehreye bürünen organizma tartışmasına bağlar. Bunun bir sonucu olarak Gadamer bazı yönlerden son döneminde -bazı temel konularda hala anlaşamasalar da- Hegel’e hiç olmadığı kadar yakın hale gelir. Özetle, Gadamer’in ontolojisinde bir kopukluğun ya da tutarsızlığın görülebileceğini, energeia’nın oyun’dan ziyade organizma kavramına çok daha yakın duran bir kavram olduğunu söylemek mümkündür.