bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of alcohol ad content regulations on young people: a multi-method study
Authors: Diouf Jacques François , Lacoste-Badie Sophie , Droulers Olivier , Gallopel-Morvan Karine
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Upstream social marketers advocate implementing effective public policies to protect vulnerable populations from the impacts of advertising harmful products. This study aims to explore how alcohol ad content restrictions (as practised in some countries where ads may only convey factual information and objective properties of alcohol products) versus non-regulated advertising affect consumers’ product perceptions, attitude towards the ad and desire to drink. This study also examines how such restrictions influence the noticeability of text health warnings in ads (signalling alcohol-related risks) depending on their prominence.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-method study was used to increase the validity of results. An online quantitative survey (n = 348) and an eye-tracking study (n = 184) were conducted on young French people (15–30). The eye-tracking method is particularly relevant for objectively measuring visual attention.

Findings

Results show that content restrictions on alcohol advertising reduce ad appeal and desire to drink. A more prominent format enhanced attentional processing of the text warning, whereas none of the tested ad contents influenced its noticeability.

Practical implications

This study assesses scientific evidence of the effect on alcohol ad content regulations adopted by some countries and provides arguments for upstream social marketers to inform and influence policymakers.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first multi-method study that assesses the effect of regulated vs non-regulated alcohol ads in terms of persuasion and of text warning visibility.
The role of the state in encouraging the supply of senior housing: a looming welfare crisis?
Authors: Fyfe Andrew , Hutchison Norman , Squires Graham
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Adopting a welfare stance, this paper considers whether the neoliberalist approach which has been adopted by successive UK and Scottish governments will achieve optimal societal outcomes or lead to the under provision of senior housing.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collection centred on informed multi-stakeholder groups that have significant experience working in the retirement and senior housing sector. Core techniques included desk-based study of secondary academic, consultancy and policy documents. Primary data collection techniques involved primary participation of three Scottish taskforce meetings and interviews with key stakeholders from across the sector.

Findings

The paper concludes that without direct government intervention in the market, the welfare ambition to provide adequate housing for an ageing population will not materialise with significant shortfalls in appropriate stock predicted. To prevent this scenario developing, increased public and private sector interaction is essential.

Originality/value

The research follows the growing concern to provide research that has “real world” relevance. The paper conducts a detailed analysis of the Scottish government's housing strategy and reports on the findings of interviewees with key stakeholders. The paper makes recommendations for greater public/private partnerships.
A critical organizational history of city margins in the Global South
Authors: Oliveira Lacerda Carlos César de , Rocha Ipiranga Ana Sílvia , Thoene Ulf
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The city of Fortaleza, capital of the state of Ceará in the north-east of Brazil, presents a paradox as a present-day tourist destination, while also marked by features and processes characteristic of cities in the Global South, such as high levels of social inequality with fragmented urban margins and vulnerabilities. This research problematizes the idea of “historical ruins” proposed by Walter Benjamin as a viable way to understand how the organization process of today's city margins can be “denaturalized” by the past. The objective of this research is to assess how the urban margins of the city were organized as a history of resistance.

Design/methodology/approach

In theoretical terms, this research links critical urban studies with critical approaches to organizational history (COH) based on Walter Benjamin's philosophical concepts of “ruins” and “progress”. The historical and archival methodology, consisting of 193 documents, suggests the existence of a philosophical–historical nexus that helps explain the spatial fragmentation of the city, and especially the urban margins in the western region of Fortaleza.

Findings

The Benjaminian notion of “historical ruins” has been exemplified by the Brazilian government practices confining migrants fleeing drought in internment camps on the margins of the city of Fortaleza in three waves beginning in 1877, 1915 and 1932 respectively. The effects of such confinement policies put into practice in the name of “progress” influenced the organization of large urban spaces on the city's margins, whereas on the other hand, the analyses advanced in this research reflect on alternatives to re-frame the history of the organization of the margins of Fortaleza through a set of practices of resistance.

Originality/value

Based on the concept of “denaturalization”, and through re-activation of the memory of a circumstantial past, the gaze of the “ruins”, as represented by the belief in “progress” addressed in official reports of government confinement policies, spaces of resistance have emerged where new possibilities for the future of the city can be imagined.
Enhanced cooling rates in laser directed energy deposition with interlayer peening
Authors: Mithal Abeer , Maharjan Niroj , Idapalapati Sridhar
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effect of mechanical peening on the cooling rate of a subsequently deposited layer in a hybrid additive manufacturing (AM) process.

Design/methodology/approach

In this experimental study, 20 layers of 316 L stainless steel are built via directed energy deposition, with the tenth layer being subject to various peening processes (shot peening, hammer peening and laser shock peening). The microstructure of the eleventh layer of all the samples is then characterized to estimate the cooling rate.

Findings

The measurements indicate that the application of interlayer peening causes a reduction in primary cellular arm spacing and an increase in micro segregation as compared to a sample prepared without interlayer peening. Both factors indicate an increase in the cooling rate brought about by the interlayer peening.

Practical implications

This work provides insight into process design for hybrid AM processes as cooling rates are known to influence mechanical properties in laser-based AM.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first of its kind to evaluate the effects of interlayer peening on a subsequently deposited layer in a hybrid AM process.
Supporting social connection for people living with dementia: lessons from the findings of the TRIO study
Authors: Prendergast Louise Margaret , Toms Gill , Seddon Diane , Jones Carys , Anthony Bethany Fern , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to share the learning concerning how services and the paid carers working in them can support people living with dementia (PLWD) and their unpaid carers to overcome social isolation. This learning comes from the key findings from a Social Return on Investment (SROI) evaluation of a Shared Lives (SL) Day support service, known as TRIO.

Design/methodology/approach

SROI is a form of cost-benefit analysis that captures and monetises stakeholder outcomes. The SROI evaluation included a rapid evidence review, an interview study and a questionnaire study. The learning shared is drawn from the interview and questionnaire data that explored the reported outcomes relating to social connection, which included data related to participating in meaningful activities, confidence and independence.

Findings

PLWD who accessed the SL Day support service experienced better social connection, a sense of control over their activities (including their social activities) and community presence. A key foundation of these outcomes was the meaningful relationship that developed between the PLWD, their unpaid carer and the paid carer.

Research limitations/implications

This evaluation was a pilot study with a small, albeit representative sample size.

Practical implications

The learning suggests feasible and effective ways for paid carers to support the social connection of PLWD and their unpaid carers with their wider community.

Originality/value

There has been little exploration of how community-based short breaks (like SL Day support) can enhance social connection. The authors drew on a social relational model lens to illustrate how this service type had supported successful outcomes of community and social inclusion for PLWD.
Examining the spatial incongruity between mining sector and beekeeping activities
Authors: Moomen Abdul‐Wadood , Odame‐Appiah Divine
Published: February 2023

The seminal work of the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on pollinators, pollination, and food production, informed scientific studies on the understudied impacts of mining on agriculture sub‐sectors. This paper assesses the potential impacts of mining activities on beekeeping as an agricultural sub‐sector, and the flow‐on effects on associated economic values and enterprises to enhance sustainable development. A case study is conducted in the emerging northwest gold mining region of Ghana. The Location Quotient (LQ) and Location Association (La) models are used to explore the economic significance of beekeeping, its spatial links with tree habitats, and mining activities. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to analyze the spatial interactions between concessions, trees, and beekeeping. The paper finds that districts with LQ < 1 in beekeeping also record LQ > 1 in mining, and La < 50 between beekeeping and mining. The findings are useful for stakeholder decision‐making toward harnessing and leveraging the prospects of mining on integrated rural and sustainable development.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds similarly to co‐culture or to a fraction enriched in Metschnikowia pulcherrima extracellular vesicles
Authors: Mejias‐Ortiz Miguel , Mencher Ana , Morales Pilar , Tronchoni Jordi , Gonzalez Ramon
Published: February 2023

The recent introduction of non‐conventional yeast species as companion wine starters has prompted a growing interest in microbial interactions during wine fermentation. There is evidence of interactions through interference and exploitation competition, as well as interactions depending on physical contact. Furthermore, the results of some transcriptomic analyses suggest interspecific communication, but the molecules or biological structures involved in recognition are not well understood. In this work, we explored extracellular vesicles (EVs) as possible mediators of interspecific communication between wine yeasts. The transcriptomic response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae after 3 h of contact with a fraction enriched in EVs of Metschnikowia pulcherrima was compared with that induced by active M. pulcherrima cells. Interestingly, there is a high level of overlap between the transcriptomic profiles of yeast cells challenged by either M. pulcherrima whole cells or the EV‐enriched fraction. The results indicate an upregulation of yeast metabolism in response to competing species (in line with previous results). This finding points to the presence of a signal, in the EV‐enriched fraction, that can be perceived by the yeast cells as a cue for the presence of competitors, even in the absence of metabolically active cells of the other species.
Development and validation of a Manic Thought Inventory
Authors: Hanssen Imke , ten Klooster Peter , Huijbers Marloes , Lochmann van Bennekom Marc , Boere Elvira , El Filali Ebtisam , Geerling Bart , Goossens Peter , Kupka Ralph , Speckens Anne , Regeer Eline
Published: February 2023

Objective

This article describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Manic Thought Inventory (MTI), a patient‐driven self‐report inventory to assess the presence of typical (hypo)manic cognitions.

Methods

The initial item pool was generated by patients with bipolar disorder (BD) type I and assessed for suitability by five psychiatrists specialized in treating BD. Study 1 describes the item analysis and exploratory factor structure of the MTI in a sample of 251 patients with BD type I. In study 2, the factor structure was validated with confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent and divergent validity were assessed in an independent sample of 201 patients with BD type I.

Results

Study 1 resulted in a 50‐item version of the MTI measuring one underlying factor. Study 2 confirmed the essentially unidimensional underlying construct in a 47‐item version of the MTI. Internal consistency of the 47‐item version of the MTI was excellent (α = 0.97). The MTI showed moderate to large positive correlations with other measures related to mania. It was not correlated with measures of depression.

Conclusion

The MTI showed good psychometric properties and can be useful in research and clinical practice. Patients could use the MTI to select items that they recognize as being characteristic of their (hypo)manic episodes. By monitoring and challenging these items, the MTI could augment current psychological interventions for BD.
Technology ethics assessment: Politicising the ‘Socratic approach’
Authors: Sparrow Robert
Published: February 2023

That technologies may raise ethical issues is now widely recognised. The ‘responsible innovation’ literature – as well as, to a lesser extent, the applied ethics and bioethics literature – has responded to the need for ethical reflection on technologies by developing a number of tools and approaches to facilitate such reflection. Some of these instruments consist of lists of questions that people are encouraged to ask about technologies – a methodology known as the ‘Socratic approach’. However, to date, these instruments have often not adequately acknowledged various political impacts of technologies, which are, I suggest, essential to a proper account of the ethical issues they raise. New technologies can make some people richer and some people poorer, empower some and disempower others, have dramatic implications for relationships between different social groups and impact on social understandings and experiences that are central to the lives, and narratives, of denizens of technological societies. The distinctive contribution of this paper, then, is to offer a revised and updated version of the Socratic approach that highlights the political, as well as the more traditionally ethical, issues raised by the development of new technologies.
Experiences of child welfare social workers in addressing substance use among maltreated young mothers to prevent child maltreatment
Authors: Channell Doig Amara , Jasczynski Michelle , Phillips Danielle R. , Robinson Jennifer L. , Aden Faduma , Huq Maisha , Lee Kaitlyn , Jones Gary , Bernardi Chloe , Aparicio Elizabeth M.
Published: February 2023

Substance use during the perinatal period and while parenting can pose a significant risk to children's safety and well‐being. Mothers who have experienced child maltreatment are more likely to use substances than mothers without a history of maltreatment. This study explores how child welfare social workers experience supporting young, maltreated mothers struggling with substance use to prevent the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with four social workers working with young mothers with a history of maltreatment and substance use. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis revealed two themes: (1) grappling with system challenges and (2) supporting strategies for disrupting intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment. The results highlight the need for systemic changes around support for social workers who work with young mothers who use substances and have a history of maltreatment, and substance use treatment and mental health programs themselves. Mothers need access to prenatal programs that are trauma‐informed, non‐judgemental and that support participants' basic needs and parenting skills.
Facilitation of adolescents' agency and hybrid integration
Authors: Baraldi Claudio
Published: February 2023

This paper is based on a Horizon 2020 research project on the enhancement of migrant children's ability to contribute to the change of their conditions of integration in the education system in seven countries (Children Hybrid Integration: Learning Dialogue as a way of Upgrading Policies of Participation, CHILD‐UP; GA 822400). The paper draws on data collected in vocational schools, with adolescents aged 14–16, in Italy. It draws on transcribed interactions to analyse activities in school classrooms in which facilitators support migrant adolescent's agency in producing narratives of their personal cultural trajectories. The paper shows how facilitators and adolescents share the rights of telling the narratives, the gender differences that become visible in the adolescents' narratives, and the ways in which facilitation supports the hybrid integration of migrant adolescents.
Effects of aluminium chloride added to common patch test substances
Authors: Comstedt Lisbeth Rosholm , Siemund Ingrid , Dahlin Jakob , Bruze Magnus , Svedman Cecilia
Published: February 2023

Background

A modulating effect of aluminium regarding type IV reactions might exist but has not been further investigated.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on patch test reactions when adding aluminium chloride hexahydrate (Al‐Cl) to common test preparations.

Materials and methods

Al‐Cl in different concentrations was added to nickel sulphate 15.0% aqua (Ni), methylisothiazolinone 0.2% aqua (MI) and fragrance mix I 10.0% aqua/ethanol (FM I). The Ni preparations were tested in 120 consecutive patients. MI and FM I were tested in participants known to have contact allergy to the respective allergen. McNemar's test was used to decide which Ni preparation had the highest sensitivity. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to calculate pairwise comparison in summarized test score for the preparations with MI and FM I.

Results

Adding Al‐Cl 20.0%/30.0% to Ni identified twice as many patients with contact allergy to nickel compared to Ni without Al‐Cl. Adding Al‐Cl 20.0%/10.0% to MI, decreased the patch test reactivity compared to MI without Al‐Cl. No differences in patch reactivity were noticed when adding Al‐Cl to FM I.

Conclusion

Al‐Cl 20.0% or 30.0% seems to enhance the patch test reactivity to Ni 15.0% aqua.
Chemogenetic inhibition of a monosynaptic projection from the basolateral amygdala to the ventral hippocampus selectively reduces appetitive, but not consummatory, alcohol drinking‐related behaviours
Authors: Bach Eva C. , Ewin Sarah E. , Heaney Chelcie F. , Carlson Hannah N. , Ortelli Olivia A. , Almonte Antoine G. , Chappell Ann M. , Raab‐Graham Kimberly F. , Weiner Jeffrey L.
Published: February 2023

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and anxiety/stressor disorders frequently co‐occur and this dual diagnosis represents a major health and economic problem worldwide. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key brain region that is known to contribute to the aetiology of both disorders. Although many studies have implicated BLA hyperexcitability in the pathogenesis of AUD and comorbid conditions, relatively little is known about the specific efferent projections from this brain region that contribute to these disorders. Recent optogenetic studies have shown that the BLA sends a strong monosynaptic excitatory projection to the ventral hippocampus (vHC) and that this circuit modulates anxiety‐ and fear‐related behaviours. However, it is not known if this pathway influences alcohol drinking‐related behaviours. Here, we employed a rodent operant self‐administration regimen that procedurally separates appetitive (e.g. seeking) and consummatory (e.g., drinking) behaviours, chemogenetics and brain region‐specific microinjections, to determine if BLA‐vHC circuitry influences alcohol and sucrose drinking‐related measures. We first confirmed prior optogenetic findings that silencing this circuit reduced anxiety‐like behaviours on the elevated plus maze. We then demonstrated that inhibiting the BLA‐vHC pathway significantly reduced appetitive drinking‐related behaviours for both alcohol and sucrose while having no effect on consummatory measures. Taken together, these findings provide the first indication that the BLA‐vHC circuit may regulate appetitive reward seeking directed at alcohol and natural rewards and add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that dysregulation of this pathway may contribute to the pathophysiology of AUD and anxiety/stressor‐related disorders.
Fatigue strength assessment of cover plate joints subjected to axial and bending loading
Authors: Håkansson Joel , Zhu Jinchao , Barsoum Imad , Khurshid Mansoor
Published: February 2023

This study investigates stress‐based fatigue assessment methods to determine their applicability to welded cover plate joints subject to axial and bending loading. The nominal stress (NS), hot spot stress (HSS), 1 mm stress (OM), effective notch stress (ENS), theory of critical distances (TCD), and stress averaging (SA) methods are covered, and their accuracy and reliability are evaluated. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there is limited fatigue test data available for cover plate joints subjected to bending loading. In this study, fatigue tests are performed with cover plate joints under axial and bending loading. Evaluation of the fatigue assessment methods is based on the test results. It is observed that for axial loading, the ENS and OM method have the highest accuracy. For bending, the OM method is non‐conservative, and the other methods are overly conservative. Using design curves recommended for thin‐walled welded joints subjected to bending highly improves accuracy.
Patterns and drivers of anaerobic nitrogen transformations in sediments of thermokarst lakes
Authors: Mao Chao , Song Yutong , Peng Yunfeng , Kang Luyao , Li Ziliang , Zhou Wei , Liu Xuning , Liu Futing , Zhu Guibing , Yang Yuanhe
Published: February 2023

Significant attention has been given to the way in which the soil nitrogen (N) cycle responds to permafrost thaw in recent years, yet little is known about anaerobic N transformations in thermokarst lakes, which account for more than one‐third of thermokarst landforms across permafrost regions. Based on the N isotope dilution and tracing technique, combined with qPCR and high‐throughput sequencing, we presented large‐scale measurements of anaerobic N transformations of sediments across 30 thermokarst lakes over the Tibetan alpine permafrost region. Our results showed that gross N mineralization, ammonium immobilization, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction rates in thermokarst lakes were higher in the eastern part of our study area than in the west. Denitrification dominated in the dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes, being two and one orders of magnitude higher than anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), respectively. The abundances of the dissimilatory nitrate reduction genes (nirK, nirS, hzsB, and nrfA) exhibited patterns consistent with sediment N transformation rates, while α diversity did not. The inter‐lake variability in gross N mineralization and ammonium immobilization was dominantly driven by microbial biomass, while the variability in anammox and DNRA was driven by substrate supply and organic carbon content, respectively. Denitrification was jointly affected by nirS abundance and organic carbon content. Overall, the patterns and drivers of anaerobic N transformation rates detected in this study provide a new perspective on potential N release, retention, and removal upon the formation and development of thermokarst lakes.
Individualized diagnosis and eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection based on gene detection of clarithromycin resistance in stool specimens: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ren Xinlu , Shi Yanyan , Suo Baojun , Yao Xingyu , Lu Haoping , Li Cailing , Zhang Yuxin , Zhou Liya , Tian Xueli , Song Zhiqiang
Published: February 2023

Background

Empiric therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection results in significantly increased antibiotic resistance and decreased eradication efficacy. The genotypic testing of clarithromycin resistance from stool specimens is a promising method for individualized diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to determine the status of research and application on this method through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and WAN FANG database were searched for relevant literature. The quality of included diagnostic articles was evaluated using the quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool. A bivariate random‐effect model was conducted to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of genotypic testing of clarithromycin resistance.

Results

A total of 16 diagnostic‐related were included and analyzed after exclusions. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic meta‐analysis were 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–0.96) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.93–1.00), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.98). The genotypic testing in stool samples had heterogeneous sensitivity (Q = 37.82, p < .01, I2 = 37.82) and specificity (Q = 60.34, p < .01, I2 = 93.72) in detecting clarithromycin resistance. Purification method, stool sample weight, real‐time PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing as reference accounted for the heterogeneity of pooled sensitivity, while patient age, purification method, stool sample weight, and real‐time PCR for the heterogeneity of pooled specificity.

Conclusion

The genotypic testing of clarithromycin resistance from stool specimens is an accurate, convenient, noninvasive, and rapid detection technology, providing a definitive diagnosis of clarithromycin resistance and guiding the rational antibiotic selection.
Ultra‐broadband and thermally stable NIR emission in Bi‐doped glasses and fibers enabled by a metal reduction strategy
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Wang Yafei , Zhang Jing , Qiu Baotian , Qiu Jianrong , Dong Guoping
Published: February 2023

Bismuth (Bi)‐doped glasses with broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emission have been drawing increasing interest due to their potential applications in tunable fiber lasers and broadband optical amplifiers. Yet, the implementation of highly efficient and ultra‐broadband Bi NIR emission covering the whole telecommunication window remains a daunting challenge. Here, via a metal reduction strategy to simultaneously create a chemically reductive environment during glass melting and enhance the local network rigidity, a super broadband (FWHM ≈ 600 nm) NIR emission covering the entire telecommunications window with greatly enhanced intensity was achieved in Bi‐doped germanate glasses. More importantly, due to the excellent thermal stability, the super broadband Bi NIR emission can be well retained after the glass was drawn into an optical fiber. Furthermore, the transmission loss of 0.066 dB/cm at 1310 nm and an obvious broadband amplified spontaneous emission spectrum spanning a range of 1000–1600 nm were observed in this fiber. This work can strengthen our comprehension of the complicated Bi NIR luminescence behaviors and offer a feasible and universal way to fabricate tunable fiber lasers and broadband optical amplifiers based on Bi‐doped multicomponent glasses.
Exosomal microRNAs from PBMCs stimulated with culprit drugs enhanced keratinocyte cell death in Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Suthumchai Nithikan , Buranapraditkun Supranee , Thantiworasit Pattarawat , Rerknimitr Pawinee , Wongpiyabovorn Jongkonnee , Khanaraksombat Suparada , Reantragoon Rangsima , Klaewsongkram Jettanong
Published: February 2023

Background

Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) and drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) are both severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Keratinocyte death is much more prominent in SJS/TEN compared to DRESS.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the role of exosomal miRNAs on keratinocyte death in SJS/TEN.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SJS/TEN and DRESS patients were stimulated with the culprit drugs. The exosomes released in cell supernatants were co‐incubated with HaCaT cells to study the cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes. Exosomal miRNA sequencing analysis was performed to compare the expression patterns between SJS/TEN and DRESS subjects. HaCaT cells were then transfected with miRNA mimics and inhibitors to explore the functions of miRNAs on keratinocyte cell death.

Results

Cytotoxic effects of PBMC‐derived exosomes on keratinocytes were demonstrated in SJS/TEN and could be neutralized with exosome inhibitors. Cytotoxic effects of PBMC‐derived exosomes from SJS/TEN subjects were higher after incubating PBMCs with the culprit drugs than those incubating with irrelevant drugs and unstimulated controls. The sequencing data revealed differential expressions of 61 exosomal miRNAs between SJS/TEN and DRESS. Exosomal miR‐4488 was upregulated while miR‐486‐5p, miR‐96‐5p and miR‐132‐3p were downregulated in SJS/TEN compared to DRESS as determined by quantitative real‐time PCR. The increased percentage of apoptotic cells upon transfection of HaCat cells was 36.3% and 34.9% with miR‐4488 mimic and miR‐96‐5p inhibitor, respectively.

Conclusion

This study illustrated the regulatory functions of exosomal miRNAs in controlling keratinocyte death in SJS/TEN. Exosome inhibitors might have a therapeutic role in SJS/TEN.
Care patterns and predictors of community residence among older patients after hospital discharge for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Pappadis Monique R. , Malagaris Ioannis , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Leland Natalie , Freburger Janet , Goodwin James S.
Published: February 2023

Background

An increasing number of older adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) require hospitalization, but it is unknown whether they return to their community following discharge. We examined community residence following acute hospital discharge for TBI in Texas and identified factors associated with 90‐day community residence and readmission.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using 100% Texas Medicare claims data of patients older than 65 years hospitalized for a TBI from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2017, and followed for 20 weeks after discharge. Discharges to short‐term and long‐term acute hospital, inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF), skilled nursing facility (SNF), long‐term nursing home (NH), and hospice were identified. The primary outcome was 90‐day community residence. Our secondary outcome was 90‐day, all‐cause readmission.

Results

In Texas, 26,985 Medicare fee‐for‐service patients were hospitalized for TBI (Racial and ethnic minorities: 21.1%; Females 57.3%). At 90 days and 20 weeks following discharge, 80% and 84% were living in the community respectively. Female sex (OR = 1.16 [1.08–1.25]), Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 2.01 [1.80–2.25]), “other” race (OR = 2.19 [1.73–2.77]), and prior primary care provider (PCP; OR = 1.51 [1.40–1.62]) were associated with increased likelihood of 90‐day community residence. Patients aged 75+, prior NH residence, dual eligibility, prior TBI diagnosis, and moderate‐to‐severe injury severity were associated with decreased likelihood of 90‐day community residence. Being non‐Hispanic Black (HR = 1.33 [1.20–1.46]), discharge to SNF (HR = 1.56 [1.48–1.65]) or IRF (HR = 1.49 [1.40–1.59]), having prior PCP (HR = 1.23 [1.17–1.30]), dual eligibility (HR = 1.11 [1.04–1.18]), and prior TBI diagnosis (HR = 1.05 [1.01–1.10]) were associated with increased risk of 90‐day readmission. Female sex and “other” race were associated with decreased risk of 90‐day readmission.

Conclusions

Most older adults with TBI return to the community following hospital discharge. Disparities exist in returning to the community and in risk of 90‐day readmission following hospital discharge. Future studies should explore how having a PCP influences post‐hospital outcomes in chronic care management of older patients with TBI.
Validity of the relative fat mass pediatric index (RFMp) for the analysis of body composition in physically active youths at different stages of biological maturation
Authors: de Almeida‐Neto Paulo Francisco , Cesário Tatianny de Macêdo , Fernandes da Costa Roberto , de Matos Dihogo Gama , Aidar Felipe J. , Dantas Paulo Moreira Silva , Cabral Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco
Published: February 2023

Background

The paediatric relative fat mass (RFMp) index was valid for analysis of percent body fat (BF%). However, the validation did not consider biological maturation (BM) stages. The present study aimed to verify the validity of the RFMp index in the estimation of BF% in children and adolescents of both sexes at different stages of BM.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a sample of 146 young (males: 64.5%. females: 35.5%. age: 13.0 ± 2.2 years) practising sports modalities. We tested the validity of four RFMp equations (1: for boys aged 8–14 years; 2: for girls aged 8–14 years; 3: for both sexes aged 8–14 years; and 4: for both sexes aged 15–19 years) to analyse BF% using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry as a reference method. BM was analysed by peak height velocity (PHV). Thus, we created subgroups by BM stage (pre‐PHV, circum‐PHV and post‐PHV).

Results

Analyses of agreement between methods showed that only the RFMp‐3 equation was reliable to analyse BF% in subjects of both sexes aged 8–14 years at the circum‐PHV BM stage (proportion bias 95% confidence interval = −0.3 to 0.5, p = 0.7. concordance correlation coefficient = 0.3; validity = 0.9).

Conclusions

The RFMp equation developed for the paediatric population of both sexes aged 8–14 years was valid for predicting BF% in children and adolescents of both sexes at the Circum‐PHV stage of the BM.
Association between swallowing muscle mass and dysphagia in older adults: A case–control study
Authors: Umay Ebru , Akaltun Mazlum Serdar , Uz Cuma
Published: February 2023

Background

Swallowing function is formed by the synergistic, coordinated, and complex movements of approximately 30 muscles. However, There is no study on which one(s) of these muscles can predict the possibility of dyspfagia.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a relation between dysphagia and ultrasonographic measurements of swallowing muscles mass, and to determine which muscle mass would predict the possibility of dysphagia.

Methods

This prospective and controlled study was performed on 87 older people (aged >65 years). Clinical (Eating assessment tool‐10 and The Gugging Swallowing Screen test), endoscopic, electrophysiological (dysphagia limit and swallowing intervals), and ultrasonographic (masseter [MM], genioglossus [GGM], geniohyoid [GHM], myohyoid [MH] and anterior digastric muscles [ADM]) evaluations were performed on all patients. The relationship between ultrasound measurements and demographic/swallowing characteristics and presence of dysphagia were investigated.

Results

The muscle mass measurement which was associated with dysphagia was contracted masseter muscle. In terms of diagnostic performance, the sensitivity was the highest in GHM (92.3%) and the specificity was the highest in contracted MM thickness (90.3%). The probability of dysphagia increases from 54% to 80–89% with a decrease in contracted MM thickness, and the probability of dysphagia increased from 48% to 72% with a decrease in contracted GGM thickness. In addition, the highest AUC level was detected in contracted MM and contracted GGM muscles. Moreover, it was determined that the risk of dysphagia increased from 9.6 to 14.1 times with one unit decrease in muscle thickness in contracted MM muscles, and the risk of dysphagia increased 9.1 times with one unit decrease in contracted GGM muscles.

Conclusion

Decreased swallowing muscle mass in older adults are independent risk factors for dysphagia. Especially the decrease in the thickness of the contracted MM increases the possibility of dysphagia at high rate.
CXCL1 promoted the migration and invasion abilities of oral cancer cells and might serve as a promising marker of prognosis in tongue cancer
Authors: Zhang Shuning , Dong Yuqing , Zhao Shuangyuan , Bi Fei , Xuan Ming , Zhu Guiquan , Guo Weihua , Zhang Zhuang
Published: February 2023

Background

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma tends to metastasize to cervical lymphatic nodes early which leads to a 50% drop of survival rate. CXCL1 could be secreted by LNMTca8113 cell induced lymphatic endothelial cells and promoted LNMTca8113 cell migration. The current study aimed to further explore the effect of CXCL1 on the proliferation and migration abilities of tongue cancer cells and the prognostic value of serum CXCL1 in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

Cell proliferation and migration ability were analysed by CCK8 assays and transwell migration assays. Immunofluorescence technique was used to show cytoskeleton. GST pull‐down assay was applied to quantify the activation of GTPases. Blood samples of patients were collected and clinicopathological characteristics were analysed.

Results

CXCL1 could promote cancer cell proliferation in appropriate concentration by PI3K/AKT pathway. It also regulated the activation of Rho GTPases to mediate the rearrangements of cytoskeleton to promote tumour cell migration. Level of plasma CXCL1 could predict the possibility of early lymphatic metastasis and had a predictive value in progression‐free survival and overall survival.

Conclusions

CXCL1 could promote oral cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and contributed theoretical knowledge for the target selection in molecular targeted therapy. Level of plasma CXCL1 might serve as a biomarker for prognosis in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients.
Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of orally administered acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia
Authors: Mercer Melissa A. , Davis Jennifer L. , McKenzie Harold C. , Messenger Kristen M. , Schaefer Emily , Council‐Troche R. McAlister , Werre Stephen R.
Published: February 2023

Background

Acetaminophen has been evaluated in horses for treatment of musculoskeletal pain but not as an antipyretic.

Objectives

To determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of acetaminophen compared to placebo and flunixin meglumine in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia.

Animals

Eight university owned research horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia.

Methods

Randomized placebo controlled crossover study. Horses were treated with acetaminophen (30 mg/kg PO; APAP), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, PO; FLU), and placebo (PO; PLAC) 2 hours after administration of LPS. Plasma APAP was analyzed via LC‐MS/MS. Serial CBC, lactate, serum amyloid A, heart rate and rectal temperature were evaluated. Serum IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and TNF‐α were evaluated by an equine‐specific multiplex assay.

Results

Mean maximum plasma APAP concentration was 13.97 ± 2.74 μg/mL within 0.6 ± 0.3 hour after administration. At 4 and 6 hours after treatment, both APAP (P = <.001,P = .03, respectively) and FLU (P = .0045 andP < .001, respectively) had a significantly greater decrease in rectal temperature compared to placebo. FLU caused greater heart rate reduction than APAP at 4 and 6 hours (P = .004 andP = .04), and PLAC at 4 hours (P = .05) after treatment.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in endotoxemic horses differ from those reported by previous studies in healthy horses. Acetaminophen is an option for antipyresis in clinical cases, particularly when administration of traditional NSAIDs is contraindicated.
Security in the Gulf: The View from Oman
Authors: Bahgat Gawdat
Published: February 2023

For a long time, analysts of the Middle East have justifiably focused their attention on Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, three Gulf states holding massive hydrocarbon deposits and financial resources. Their leaders are the main “movers and shakers” of regional affairs and enjoy tremendous influence on the international scene. Still, other Gulf states play significant roles in shaping the Middle East's economic and strategic landscape. Such is the case with Oman, which has been a major US ally in most regional crises and has played a crucial role in mediating Gulf conflicts. This article, based on several visits to the sultanate and interviews with senior officials, analyzes the domestic, regional, and international dynamics being navigated by Sultan Haitham bin Tarik, who succeeded Sultan Qaboos bin Said in January 2020. The argument is that the new Omani leader is likely to follow the domestic and foreign policies of his predecessor, with minor adjustments. Oman may witness major changes when Crown Prince Theyazin succeeds his father. For now, given the crucial role Muscat plays in mediating regional conflicts, the sultanate expects more attention from its counterparts in Washington.
A decoupled algorithm for cable parameter identification by frequency‐ratio‐offset
Authors: Sun Ceshi , Zheng Gang , Zhang Xiaodong , Cai Wenxiu , Gao Wenjun , Chen Peng , Zhou Xuekun
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes a frequency‐ratio‐offset (FRO)‐based parameter identification algorithm for real bridge cables. By introducing specific time and space scaling factors, the dynamic equation is fully nondimensionalized and reduced to a most concise form, independent of all distributed cable parameters. As a result, the frequency equation has only two variables, which can be easily solved to obtain the universal dimensionless frequency–length curve under specified boundary conditions. Based on these curves, a decoupled identification algorithm is constructed, using the newly defined FRO as a bridge to directly connect the dimensionless beam and its real‐world counterpart. The algorithm enables a simultaneous determination of any two of the three cable parameters using a pair of measured frequencies. Examples involving both laboratory tests and real‐life applications demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm. Based on a statistical analysis of the fitness of dozens of predicted and measured frequencies, a guideline for frequency selection is suggested, and the influence of measurement error on the identification results is discussed. The proposed algorithm could become a convenient tool for engineers to efficiently identify multiple parameters (e.g., tension and bending stiffness) for a broad class of bridge cables.
Conserved domains can be found across distinct phage defence systems
Authors: Mariano Giuseppina , Blower Tim R.
Published: February 2023

Bacteria are continuously exposed to predation from bacteriophages (phages) and, in response, have evolved a broad range of defence systems. These systems can prevent the replication of phages and other mobile genetic elements (MGE). Defence systems are often encoded together in genomic loci defined as “defence islands”, a tendency that has been extensively exploited to identify novel antiphage systems. In the last few years, >100 new antiphage systems have been discovered, and some display homology to components of the immune systems of plants and animals. In many instances, prediction tools have found domains with similar predicted functions present as different combinations within distinct antiphage systems. In this Perspective Article, we review recent reports describing the discovery and the predicted domain composition of several novel antiphage systems. We discuss several examples of similar protein domains adopted by different antiphage systems, including domains of unknown function (DUFs), domains involved in nucleic acid recognition and degradation, and domains involved in NAD+ depletion. We further discuss the potential evolutionary advantages that could have driven the independent acquisition of these domains by different antiphage systems.
The Spirit of Modernity and its Fate
Authors: Bergem Ragnar M.
Published: February 2023

This article presents an interpretation of the rise of theological genealogies as a response to the sense in modern theology that modernity is afate. It suggests that theologians began to write genealogies to ease this sense that modernity is an inescapable condition. While it recognises that some of these genealogies have been partly successful in this endeavour, it also points out how a number of genealogies repeat some of the problematics they sought to escape. Finally, it provides some rudimentary reflections on how a theological engagement with history might be done better.
Tomato chlorosis virus p22 interacts with NbBAG5 to inhibit autophagy and regulate virus infection
Authors: Shang Kaijie , Xiao Li , Zhang Xianping , Zang Lianyi , Zhao Dan , Wang Chenchen , Wang Xipan , Zhou Tao , Zhu Changxiang , Zhu Xiaoping
Published: February 2023

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is a member of the genus Crinivirus in the family Closteroviridae. It has a wide host range and wide distribution, causing serious harm to the vegetable industry. The autophagy pathway plays an important role in plant resistance to virus infection. Viruses and plant hosts coevolve in defence and antidefence processes around autophagy. In this study, the interaction between ToCV p22 and Nicotiana benthamiana B‐cell lymphoma2‐associated athanogenes5 Nicotiana benthamiana (NbBAG5) was examined. Through overexpression and down‐regulation of NbBAG5, results showed that NbBAG5 could negatively regulate ToCV infection. NbBAG5 was found to be localized in mitochondria and can change the original localization of ToCV p22, which is colocalized in mitochondria. NbBAG5 inhibited the expression of mitophagy‐related genes and the number of autophagosomes, thereby regulating viral infection by affecting mitophagy. In summary, this study demonstrated that ToCV p22 affects autophagy by interacting with NbBAG5, established the association between viral infection, BAG proteins family, and the autophagy pathway, and explained the molecular mechanism by which ToCV p22 interacts with NbBAG5 to inhibit autophagy to regulate viral infection.
Could Sufism Have Been a Means of Spreading Ibn Taymiyya's Thought in the Ottoman Empire?
Authors: Dumairieh Naser
Published: February 2023

Current studies on Ibn Taymiyya's influence on the intellectual life of the Ottoman Empire focus on the mid‐sixteenth and the early seventeenth centuries. In this paper, I argue that Ibn Taymiyya's influence on some aspects of Ottoman intellectual life can be traced, indirectly, to the beginning of the fifteenth century. Through studying the attitudes of some scholars toward Ibn ʿArabī and his ideas, I argue that these attitudes were affected by the outflow of Ibn Taymiyya's ideas. How did these ideas leak into the Ottoman intellectual milieu? Unexpectedly, it seems that Sufism played an important role in spreading some of Ibn Taymiyya's ideas in an indirect way. This paper discusses three possible ways through which Ibn Taymiyya's thought may have circulated in the Ottoman Empire as early as the fifteenth century: a scholar, a book, and a Sufi order.