bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of overeating, socioeconomic status and modern practices: a structural equation modelling approach to obesity in teenage girls
Authors: Victor Priyanka , Victor Preethi
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the effects and the relationship between the factors that cause childhood obesity. Several practices such as increased consumption of sweetened drinks, fastfoods, eating while watching television (TV), skipping breakfast, reduced family meal times and lower consumption of healthy foods accelerate the rate of childhood obesity. Media playsa major role in the lives of millennials. Recent studies have established that there is an increase in obesity rates in low socioeconomic groups which indicates that it is an importantfactor to be considered while developing the model. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is a quantitative model approach which brings out the relationships between various factors.Exploratory factor analysis is used to examine the SEM model. The latent variables are over eating, socio economic status and modern practices. The observed variables are family income,educational qualification of parents, physical activities, stress, BMI, food practices, consumption of junk food, consumption of vegetables and media availability. The sample consists of school and college students (n=250) in Vellore-Tamil Nadu between the ages 13-18. The data collection was conducted through Questionnaires. SPSS (Statistics & Amos) software is used for SEM modelling. The proposed model is found to be an acceptable fit.
One dimensional fractional frequency Sumudu transform by inverse α−difference operator
Authors: B Chandrasekar , M Meganathan , S Vasuki
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we define fractional frequency Sumudu transform by inverse α−difference operator. Here we present certain new results on Sumudu transform of polynomial factorial,trigonometric and geometric functions using shift value. Finally, we provide the relation between convolution product and fractional Sumudu transform of polynomial and exponential function.Numerical results are verified and analysed the outcomes by graphs.
Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and organoleptic test of Nata de pina between various parts of honey pineapple variety (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr. Var. Queen)
Authors: Sari D.Y.I. , Wijayanti H.S. , Afifah D.N.
Published: July 2020

This study was aimed to analyze the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and
organoleptic properties of Nata de pina between various parts of honey pineapple variety
(Ananas comosus [L.] Merr. Var. Queen). This study was a two - factors randomized
experimental study with variations of Nata de pina from fruit peel, fruit flesh, fruit core,
and fermentation processing. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used to analyze the total
phenolic content and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazy (DPPH) assay was used to determine
the antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content of Nata de pina ranged from 102.37-
249.99 mg of GAE/100 g of samples while the IC50 DPPH ranged from 101.71-555.45
ppm. There was a difference of the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the
juice and Nata de pina produced from different parts of the fruit. Fruit core Nata de pina
presented the highest content of the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. There
were significant differences in the organoleptic tests viz color (p=0.030), flavor (p<0.001),
texture (p<0.001). Fruit flesh Nata de pina had the highest organoleptic score. Overall,
based on result of this study, fruit core Nata de pina was recommended as the best product
based on the high total phenolic content (139.88 mg GAE/100 g), antioxidant activity
(263.38 ppm) and well-liked panelists based on the acceptance of aroma and color.
REDUCING THE NUMBER OF BACTERIAL COLONIES USING ECOCID®S (POTASSIUM PEROXYSULPHATE BASED DISINFECTANT) AT SMALL ANIMAL CLINIC
Authors: Tozon Nataša , Biasizzo Majda , Ščuka Leon , Potočnik Tamara , Redek Marjeta , Prem Luka
Published: July 2020

A clinical study has been conducted to test the efficacy of Ecocid® S, a biocidal agent. The active substance is potassium peroxysulphate and is used in clinical practice after the mechanical cleaning of various surfaces that act as potential sources of infection transmission. We determined 29 swabbing points, from which 87 samples were collected with cotton swabs. Swabs were submitted for microbiological testing to evaluate microbial contamination before cleaning, and before and after disinfection with Ecocid® S. We submitted 63 swabs from 21 swabbing points for further statistical analysis. Five swabs were excluded because the presence of bacteria in the swabs before disinfection had not been determined. The clinical study on the efficacy of Ecocid® S disinfectant showed that it is effective with an average reduction in contamination of 95.75%. The disinfectant was also active with a significantly reduced time of action: it was removed with dry paper towels from all sampling points, except the floor scales, only 5 to 10 minutes after application. The time required for the proper preparation of examination tables and other equipment in clinical practice is of vital importance for a smooth workflow.Key words: animals; disinfection; potassium peroxysulphate; Ecocid® S ZMANJŠANJE ŠTEVILA BAKTERIJ PO UPORABI RAZKUŽILA ECOCID®S (RAZKUŽILO NA OSNOVI KALIJEVEGA PEROKSISULFATA) V PROSTORIH KLINIKE ZA MALE ŽIVALIPovzetek: S klinično študijo smo želeli ugotoviti učinkovitosti biocidnega razkužila ECOCID®S. Aktivna snov v razkužilu je kalijev peroksisulfat, ki se na klinikah uporablja za razkuževanje različnih površin, ki predstavljajo ključna mesta za prenos okužb, po njihovem mehaničnem čiščenju. Določili smo 29 vzorčnih mest, na katerih smo z uporabo bombažnih brisov odvzeli 87 vzorcev. Z mikrobiološkim testiranjem smo ugotavljali stopnjo kontaminacije pred čiščenjem, ter pred in po razkuževanju z ECOCID®S. Za statistično obdelavo smo uporabili 63 rezultatov z 21 vzorčnih mest. Pet rezultatov je bilo izločenih iz obdelave, ker je bila že pred razkuževanjem stopnja kontaminacije pod mejo detekcije uporabljene metode. S klinično študijo učinkovitosti razkužila Ecocid®S smo ugotovili povprečno 95,75 % zmanjšanje števila kontaminantov po uporabi razkužila. Razkužilo je bilo učinkovito tudi ob skrajšanem času delovanja le 5 do 10 minut po nanosu. Zaradi zagotavljanja tekočega dela na kliniki je izredno pomemben čas, ki je potreben za ustrezno pripravo površin in druge opreme za pregled živali, zato je razkužilo Ecocid® S primerno za uporabo na veterinarskih klinikah, saj hitro in učinkovito zmanjša bakterijsko kontaminacijo.Ključne besede: živali; dezinfekcija; kalijev peroksisulfat; Ecocid® S
Effects of Shape Memory Alloys on Response of Steel Structural Buildings within Near Field Earthquakes Zone
Authors: Ahmadinejad Mahmoud , Jafarisirizi Alireza , Rahgozar Reza
Published: July 2020

Base isolation is one of the effective ways for controlling civil engineering structures in seismic zone which can reduce seismic demand. Also is an efficient passive control mechanism that protects its superstructure during an earthquake. However, residual displacement of base-isolation systems, resulting from strong ground motions, remain as the main obstacle in such system’s serviceability after the earthquake. Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) is amongst the newly introduced smart materials that can undergo large nonlinear deformations with considerable dissipation of energy without having any permanent displacement afterward. This property of SMA may be utilized for designing of base isolation system to increase the structure’s serviceability. Here, a proposed semi-active isolation system combines laminated rubber bearing system with shape memory alloy, to take advantage of SMAs high elastic strain range, in order to reduce residual displacements of the laminated rubber bearing. Merits of the system are demonstrated by comparing it to common laminated rubber bearing isolation systems. It is found that the optimal application of SMAs in base-isolation systems can significantly reduce bearings’ residual displacements. In this study, OpenSees program for a three dimensional six-storey steel frame building has been used by locating the isolators under the columns for investigating the feasibility of smart base isolation systems, i.e., the combination of traditional Laminated Rubber Bearing (LRB) with the SMA, in reducing the structure’s isolated-base response to near field earthquake records are examined. Also, a new configuration of SMAs in conjunction with LRB is considered which make the system easier to operate and maintain.
The Investigation of Use as Aggregate in Lightweight Concrete Production of Boron Wastes
Authors: Aldakshe Abudalrhman , Çağlar Hakan , Çağlar Arzu , Avan Çağrı
Published: July 2020

Lightweight concrete manufacture has been aimed as a result of the use of boron waste which is aggregate of pumice, one of our natural resources, and a valuable industrial waste as a substitution material in different proportions (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%). As a result of the study, it was aimed to obtain a water-resistant and lighter material which has higher properties than lightweight concrete in terms of physical and mechanical. The study was carried out as three stages. At the first stage, 90% of the pumice aggregate and 10% of the sand (Reference sample) were used and lightweight concrete was produced. At the second stage, boron waste at the rate of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% was used for pumice aggregate and the doped lightweight concrete sample was produced. At the last stage, tests were carried out for the determination of the physical and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete samples which were produced. For determination of mechanical properties, tensile splitting strength and compressive strength tests were performed. Additionally, specific gravity, water saturated unit volume weight, porosity, and capillary water absorption tests were made for the determination of physical diversities. It was found that the physical and mechanical properties of the material improved with the increase of boron waste in the consequence of this study. The best result was obtained with the boron waste substitution at the rate of 9%. Environmentally harmful boron wastes being used in the construction sector will contribute to sustainability by recycling the boron wastes.
Performance and Management of Cost in the Construction Industry
Authors: Shaikh Fazal Ali , Odhano Nasurullah , Kaliannan Suaathi
Published: July 2020

In the arena of cost baselines and project budgets, the construction industry is always famed and controversial. Owing to the paucity of funds or maladministration at various levels, there is 90 percent of project delay is fully stranded. While being a major contributor to a country's Gross Domestic Product, its sufficient potentiality has never been tapped. Maybe this dismaying climate is created by the cold-hearted, reckless and unscrupulous attitudes of construction industry stakeholders. The main objectives of this research is to determine the genesis of exceeded budget/cost in construction projects that affect cost management and to suggest appropriate measures to harness the construction industry's full potential. The key drivers that have positive or negative repercussions on the cost aspect of the projects are the administration, pundits and consumers or holders. For assessing the most common causative factors of exceeded cost in construction projects, the authors organized interactive discussions with construction industry pundits, designers, architects, schematic experts, and manufacturers. Moreover, the incumbent concerns in the construction industry were analyzed and examined to examine important factors. To underscore the key motives that drive the projects, directly and indirectly, a questionnaire was dispensed between the participants on the analysis in the cost of undergoing projects. Results of the study are the key interpretations which were drawn from this research paper are fraud, weak political engrossment, poor site management, hampering of site deployment, consultants inflexible approach, gold plating, faulty safety and healthcare management system. To remove these hurdles, I have recommended appropriate guidelines for preventing, reducing or mitigating the effects of these factors.
A Systematic Review of Civil and Environmental Infrastructures for Coastal Adaptation to Sea Level Rise
Authors: Nazarnia Hadi , Nazarnia Mohammad , Sarmasti Hadi , Wills W. Olivia
Published: July 2020

Rising levels of seas and oceans due to global warming could drastically affect the daily lives of residents in coastal belts and lowland areas. Many of the most heavily populated regions in the world have been developed on the shorelines. Sea-level rise could directly affect the serviceability of urban structures and infrastructures of coastal regions; effects may include intrusion of salt water into drinking water resources, submergence of roads and railways, flowing of seawater into wastewater networks, and exacerbating land subsidence. These reasons have urged climate-change and infrastructure resilience researchers to focus on methods for prediction and prevention of SLR effects on urbanization systems. Most of the studies have concentrated on environmental aspects or modeling of flooding, however, there is a lack of research on behavior of urban lifelines for long-term planning. Hence, the resilience of coastal cities has become of more interest in recent years. This paper presents a meta- analysis and review of existing literatures on the impacts of SLR on civil infrastructure. We categorize these impacts based on different types of infrastructures (e.g. water, transportation, energy) and regions. The review provides i) an intensive coverage of the existing literature on adaptations ii) an exploration of current gaps and challenges in civil infrastructures in different regions of the world and iii) the engineering perspective of SLR besides managing directions to be useful for engineers, advisory committees, policy makers, and scholars for future studies.
Compressive Strength of Concrete using Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash: A Review
Authors: Sam Joel
Published: July 2020

Decreasing our over-reliance on cement as an ingredient in the making of concrete due to its contribution to the CO2 emissions has led to numerous researches been conducted to find suitable replacement for cement in concrete mixes.  Materials like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume, rice husk ash and metakaolin among others have been identified as materials that can at the very least be used as a replacement for cement in concrete mix. These materials are referred to as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This paper reviewed the work that has been done on the use of fly ash and rice husk ash as partial replacements for concrete, its chemical composition and its effect on the compressive strength of concrete. Charts, tables and figures were employed as tools to study the various chemical compounds of fly ash and rice husk ash. It was seen that depending on how the coal or rice husk was initially processed the percentage of some of the minor compounds like Sodium oxide (Na2O), Titanium oxide (TiO2) and Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) were sometimes very low or not recorded as part of the final product.  The data on the compressive strength of concrete after fly ash and rice husk ash had been added in percentage increments of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% respectively analysed over a minimum period of 7 days and a maximum period of 28 days found out that the optimal percentage partial replacement of fly ash and rice husk ash for a strong compressive concrete strength is 30% of fly ash and 7.5% of rice husk ash.
Factors determining an unfavorable one-year prognosis of myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular failure and associated with chronic cerebral ischemia
Authors: Lebedeva N. B. , Chesnokova L. Yu. , Tarasov N. I.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To evaluate factors of unfavorable annual prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI) complicated by heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and associated with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI).

Material and Methods. A total of 182 patients with Q wave myocardial infarction complicated by the left ventricular dysfunction concomitant with CCI were included in the study. Of them, 149 (81.9%) patients were men and 33 (18.1%) were women. The mean age was 60.4 (53; 69) years. All patients underwent echocardiography, color duplex scanning of the carotid arteries and examination by an interventional neurologist. Hard endpoints were collected within one year.

Results. The majority of the patients included in the study suffered from grade 2 CCI. Atherosclerotic plaques in the brachiocephalic arteries were found in 37.4% of patients; the degree of stenosis did not exceed 50% in all cases. 77 (46.1%) patients achieved hard endpoints within one year. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the most unfavorable predictor of poor 1-year survival was the presence of the positive history of ACVA [RR 7.33 (95% CI 1.97–27.32), p = 0.003], and the most unfavorable predictors of risk of adverse cardiovascular events included prior stroke [RR = 1.92 (95% CI 1.09–3.38), p = 0.025] and carotid atherosclerotic plaques [RR = 2.12 (95% CI 1.34–3.37), p = 0.001].

Conclusion. The presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques and prior stroke affected the long-term prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure and chronic cerebral ischemia.
Pulmonary embolism in the presence of chronic heart failure syndrome: A structural-functional state of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Statkevich T. V. , Mitkovskaya N. P. , Balysh A. M. , Rambalskaya A. R. , Petrova K. B. , Moklaya A. V. , Levkovich I. E.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To identify the features of the structural-functional state of the cardiovascular system in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) in the presence of chronic heart failure (CHF) syndrome.

Material and Methods. The study included 231 patients diagnosed with PE at admission to the hospital. Patients were further divided into subgroups depending on the verification of the diagnosis by computed tomography and the presence of CHF syndrome.

Results and discussion. An increase in pressure in the pulmonary artery system contributed to the formation and aggravation of right ventricular systolic dysfunction, which acquired a greater prevalence and severity in the presence of CHF. This was confirmed by the echocardiographic signs of dysfunction of the right heart including increased linear dimensions of right cardiac chambers, right atrium volume index of 32.3 (29.4–37.9) mL/m2 versus 29.1 (26.6–32.3) mL/m2 (U = 1583.00, p < 0.001); greater prevalence of hemodynamic instability (proportion of patients with fainting or presyncope at hospital admission was 32% in the presence of CHF versus 16.7% without CHF; χ2 = 4,49, p < 0.05); and more significant increases in the laboratory markers of right ventricular dysfunction and injury included in the prediction model of adverse PE outcome [brain natriuretic peptide of 395 (204–789) pg/mL versus 104.2 (38.9–212) pg/mL (U = 1162.00, p < 0.001), high-sensitive troponin of 212 (194.5–297.6) ng/mL versus 184.8 (168.0–194.8) ng/mL (U = 279.50, p < 0.01), myocardial fatty acid-binding protein of 0.37 (0.18–1.2) ng/mL versus 0.2 (0.08–0.3) ng/mL (U = 530.00, p < 0.001), copeptin of 0.2 (0.05–0.92) ng/mL versus 0.09 (0.04–0.15) ng/mL (U = 563.00, p < 0.01), and reduced renal function].
Integrative respiratory and skeletal musculature training in patients with functional class II–IV chronic heart failure and low or intermediate left ventricular ejection fraction: Design and rationale
Authors: Begrambekova J. L. , Karanadze N. A. , Mareev V. Yu. , Kolesnikova E. A. , Orlova Ya. A.
Published: July 2020

Respiratory system remodeling plays an important role in the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF). Decreased oxygenation of the respiratory muscles during intense physical exertion in patients with CHF may aggravate respiratory failure and provoke hyperactivation of the inspiratory metaborefl ex, thereby aggravating exercise intolerance due to a decrease in muscular system perfusion. Respiratory muscle training can minimize the eff ects of inspiration metaborefl ex activation and prolong the duration of exercise.

Trial design. This is a prospective randomized trial with a sham control. The trial will include 40 adult patients of both genders with NYHA II-III CHF and with ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 49%. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either Active or Control group. Active group will receive four-week guided respiratory muscles training followed by 12-week guided aerobic training (treadmill walking). Control group will receive four-week sham respiratory muscles training (THRESHOLD® IMT breathing trainer with level slightly above 0), followed by 12 weeks guided aerobic training (treadmill walking). The primary aim is to compare the eff ect of diff erent training modalities on functional capacity (peak VO2 ). Secondary outcome measures include changes in respiratory muscle strength, serum biomarkers (NT-proBNP and ST2) and Angiotensin II. Health-related quality of life (MLwHFQ.23) and psycho-emotional state of patients also will be assessed.The study also planned an additional analysis with a suitable group of patients who were screened but refused to participate in the study.

Conclusion. Heart failure patients often give up exercise due to symptoms of shortness of breath and muscle weakness. We suggest that the training technique based on the inclusion of respiratory muscle training as the fi rst stage of cardiac rehabilitation will positively aff ect the eff ectiveness of subsequent aerobic training in patients with heart failure, by reducing the activity of RAAS and SAS and increasing respiratory effi ciency.
Euvolemia as a criterion of diuretic therapy efficacy in chronic heart failure: Literature review
Authors: Garganeeva A. A. , Kuzheleva E. A. , Mareev V. Yu.
Published: July 2020

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a typical outcome for all pathological processes affecting the cardiovascular system and is diagnosed in 1–2% of the population in developed countries. The strategy for managing patients with CHF involves the prescription of diuretics for the relief of volume retention syndrome in addition to pathogenetic pharmacotherapy. Considering the confl icting data concerning the effects of diuretics on the long-term prognosis and clinical course of CHF, a strict approach to the analysis of risk/benefit ratio is necessary while choosing a specific diuretic and determining its optimal dose and duration of use. The article reviews state-of-theart literature on the assessment of hydration status in patients with CHF. The euvolemia state, in which the optimal volume of fl uid is achieved in the body of a patient with CHF is viewed from the perspective of evaluating the efficacy and relevance of diuretic therapy.
Preoperative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients undergoing surgical left ventricular reconstruction
Authors: Pryakhin A. S. , Shipulin V. M. , Andreev S. L. , Aleksandrova E. A. , Shipulin V. V. , Garganeeva A. A. , Kuzheleva E. A. , Ussov W. Y.
Published: July 2020

Purpose. The aim of this study was to identify the signifi cance of myocardial viability indicators calculated based on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with delayed contrast, as predictors of the adverse course of postoperative period in the surgical treatment of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Material and Methods. A total of 178 patients underwent surgical treatment for ischemic cardiomyopathy from March, 2013 to December, 2017. All patients underwent preoperative cardiac MRI scan with paramagnetic contrast.

Results. The logistic regression analysis showed that the left ventricular volumetric indicators and the amount of residual viable myocardium, calculated using delayed contrast-enhanced MRI, were the essential predictors of favorable and complicated course of postoperative period in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients. In patients with a residual viable left ventricular myocardium amount over 64.5%, surgical ventricular reconstruction procedure may be performed with a low risk of early postoperative complications (OR 8.25, 95% CI 1.45-46.8, p = 0.017).

Conclusion. Cardiac MRI with delayed paramagnetic contrasting is a valuable method contributing to the preoperative identifi cation of a cohort of ischemic cardiomyopathy patients who can benefi t the most from surgical left ventricular reconstruction.
Integrated assessment of cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity based on functional tests data in patients with Parkinson’s disease and vascular pathology
Authors: Bayborodina I. V. , Zavadovskaya V. D. , Zhukova N. G. , Zorkaltsev M. A. , Zhukova I. A.
Published: July 2020

Objective. To evaluate cerebral blood flow parameters and cerebrovascular reactivity indices based on data of functional tests in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and vascular pathology.

Material and Methods. A total of 148 people were examined, divided into 4 groups: (1) main group comprised 24 patients with idiopathic PD; (2) comparison group 1 included 21 patients with vascular parkinsonism; (3) comparison group 2 included 26 patients with a diagnosis of chronic cerebral ischemia of severity degree 2 with no signs of parkinsonism; and (4) comparison group 3 included 77 patients with PD and cerebrovascular disease. All patients received transcranial duplex scanning of cerebral blood vessels (TCD) through the temporal window (Toshiba Aplio 500, Japan, 2–2.5 MHz sector probe) using standard protocols for the assessment of blood flow velocity characteristics. An assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity (reserve) was performed using the diagnostic and treatment complex “Carbonic”. The range of cerebrovascular and vasomotor hypercapnia reactivity to hypercapnia was evaluated in the “Testing of cerebrovascular reactivity” mode.

Results. A comprehensive study of cerebral blood flow parameters using functional tests suggested that the absence of changes in the cerebrovascular reactivity index (VRhyperCO2 ) observed in patients with idiopathic PD may be considered a differential diagnostic criterion for Parkinson’s disease and cerebrovascular pathology with Parkinson’s symptoms.
Correlations of the parameters of cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodynamics during cardiac surgery and the structural and functional state of the retina
Authors: Diakova M. L. , Podoksenov Yu. K. , Shipulin V. M. , Shishneva E. V. , Kamenshchikov N. O. , Krivosheina O. I. , Denisko M. S.
Published: July 2020

Objective. To study the structural and functional retinal changes developed in cardiac surgery patients as a consequence of cardiopulmonary bypass and to identify the factors aff ecting the nature and extent of changes observed.

Material and Methods. Ten patients who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were studied. The ophthalmologic examination was performed before cardiac surgery and 10–14 days after the surgery.

Results. On days 10 to 14, after cardiac surgery, visual acuity was restored to the maximum; the perimetry indicators, the level of intraocular pressure, and the structures of the anterior segment of the eyeballs did not change signifi cantly. The ophthalmoscopy revealed the foci of ischemic edema in the fundus along with the fi rst- and second-order arteries in 30% of cases. The thickness of ganglionic and nerve fi ber layers decreased in one patient (10%), which may be associated with the intraoperative ischemia of orbital artery branches feeding the optic nerve. These changes had direct relationships with the level of maximum mean blood pressure (MBP) during CPB and the fl uctuation of absolute MBP values during CPB: MBP ≥ 90 mmHg during CPB was associated with the occurrence of ischemic foci in the retina in 100% of cases. If the diff erence between the maximum and minimum MBP levels during CPB exceeded 20 mmHg, the changes in the retina occurred more frequently (p = 0.0350) than in the cases where MBP fl uctuations during CPB were less than 20 mmHg.

Conclusions. The most signifi cant changes in the vision organs of patients undergoing cardiac surgery under CPB occur in the retina. Factors associated with the occurrence of pathological ischemic changes in the retina were fl uctuations in MBP during CPB (≥20 mmHg) and the absolute value of maximum MBP during CPB (>90 mmHg).
Positive impact of cardiac contractile modulation on myocardial contractility and left ventricular synchronization in a patient with a left ventricular noncompaction
Authors: Ryabov I. A. , Mamchur I. N. , Chichkova T. Yu. , Mamchur S. E. , Sizova I. N. , Bokhan N. S. , Khomenko E. A. , Chistyukhin O. M.
Published: July 2020

The article provides a clinical case of a 58-year-old man with the fi rst clinical manifestation of chronic heart failure in the presence of a signifi cant decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction. Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy was diagnosed by echocardiography. After 12 months, a cardiac contractility modulation device was implanted to the patient in the presence of disease progression despite optimal medical therapy. We assessed the course of disease, quality of life, exercise tolerance, and myocardial contractility of the patient before and six months after surgery. The methods of assessment were collection of patient complaints, physical examination, electrocardiography (ECG), fi lling out the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), sixminute walk test, spiroergometry, and echocardiography.
The role of β-adrenergic receptors in stress-induced cardiac injury in a rat model of Takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Kurbatov B. K. , Prokudina E. S.
Published: July 2020

Introduction. The pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac injury in Takotsubo syndrome are currently poorly understood. The role of adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes in the development of stress-induced myocardial injury (SIMI) remains unclear.

Aim. To assess the role of β-ARs in the development of SIMI.

Material and Methods. The study was performed using female Wistar rats (n = 84). Rats were subject to 24-hour immobilization in the supine position to simulate SIMI. 99mTc-pyrophosphate radiopharmaceutical was used to determine the degree of cardiac injury.

Results. The study showed that β-AR blockade with propranolol reduced the degree of cardiac injury by 38.4%. Selective β1- AR antagonists, atenolol and nebivolol, led to 2.00- and 2.55-fold decreases in 99mTc pyrophosphate accumulation in the heart, respectively. Blockade of β2-ARs by a selective antagonist ICI-118.551 caused an increase in the degree of 99mTc-pyrophosphate accumulation in the heart by 34.6%. A selective β3-AR antagonist L-748337 did not affect 99mTc pyrophosphate accumulation in the heart.

Conclusions. The study showed that β1-ARs are involved in the damaging effects of stress on the heart during immobilization stress. β2-AR had a cardioprotective effect in immobilization. β3-AP did not play a significant role in the stress-induced cardiac injury with a single exposure to the stressor.
Cardiovascular pathology in the clinical practice of primary care physicians on the example of Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Khramchenko M. A. , Karpenkova A. D. , Petrova M. M. , Kaskaeva D. S.
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Cardiovascular comorbidity is a relevant problem in modern medicine. Comorbid pathology significantly worsens the quality of life and increases the likelihood of death in cardiovascular patients. The combination of diseases requires a comprehensive examination of the patient and the choice of optimal therapy. This work reviews the structure of cardiovascular comorbidity in outpatient patients of Krasnoyarsk, analyzes the most frequently prescribed medications, and makes conclusions about the need to highlight the problems of combined pathologies in outpatient practice.

Aim. To study the structure of cardiovascular comorbidity in outpatient patients in the city of Krasnoyarsk, to assess the frequency of comorbid pathologies in cardiovascular patients, and to analyze the extent of the prescribed therapy.

Material and Methods. A one-stage retrospective study analyzed 1,928 ambulatory medical charts of cardiovascular patients who visited the primary care physicians in the polyclinics of Krasnoyarsk in 2018. The material was statistically processed, and diff erences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Results. The prevalence of comorbid pathologies in cardiovascular patients reached 87% and tended to rise with the patients’ age. The study showed that coronary heart disease (CHD) and obesity were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in agreement with results reported in previous studies. 43.2% of patients achieved a blood pressure level (BP) < 140/80 mm Hg while on antihypertensive therapy. 46.8% of patients achieved total cholesterol (TCh) < 5.0 mmol/L while taking statins. Only 18.5% of T2DM patients and 15.9% of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who were taking statins had TCh < 4.5 mmol/L. Heart rate (HR) < 70 bpm was reached in about 40% of patients taking b-blockers.

Conclusions. Comorbidity prevalence among cardiovascular patients of Krasnoyarsk city was high and tended to increase with the increase in patient age. Arterial hypertension (AH) and T2DM was the most frequent combination among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Administered antiplatelet, hypolipidemic, and antihypertensive therapies did not fully comply with the current clinical recommendations in regard to the regimen of administration, dosage, and rates of the treatment targets achieved. The study showed that cardiovascular diseases are most frequently combined with T2DM. In this regard, it is necessary to promote the population awareness of the primary and secondary prevention of these comorbid diseases.
Cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: etiopathogenetic relationship and clinical signifi cance (literature review)
Authors: Chaulin A. M. , Duplyakov D. V.
Published: July 2020

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often coexist. Comorbidity of CVD and COPD is a serious modern medical and social problem. This article discusses the main risk factors that are common for COPD and CVD: smoking, infl ammation, a sedentary lifestyle, aging, and oxidative stress. Pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the relationship between COPD and CVD are also discussed.
Acute decompensation of chronic heart failure and renal dysfunction. Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Glizer S. L. , Shtegman O. A. , Petrova M. M.
Published: July 2020

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is an essential medical, economic, and social problem of the 21st century. Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a common cause of hospitalization and mortality in patients with CHF. The article presents the analysis of frequency, prognostic signifi cance, and features of renal failure onset in ADHF patients, as well as the effects of various groups of drugs used in the treatment of ADHF on the kidney function. Special aspects of administering these drugs are elucidated in the context of deteriorating kidney function.
The manifestation of obesity paradox in patients with myocardial infarction and various systolic dysfunctions: Myth or reality?
Authors: Sedykh D. Yu. , German A. I. , Khryachkova O. N. , Kashtalap V. V. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: July 2020

Objective. To identify the relationships between obesity and prognosis in patients after myocardial infarction within three years of observation, depending on the severity of post-infarction systolic myocardial dysfunction.

Material and Methods. The study design was based on a three-year follow-up retrospective analysis of patients from the register of acute coronary syndrome of Kemerovo city in 2015 (n = 1366). The main clinical outcomes, including death from all causes, recurrent myocardial infarction (RIM), cerebral stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina pectoris (UA), and decompensation of heart failure (HF), were assessed taking into account the initial values of the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) in the groups of obese or non-obese patients who suffered from myocardial infarction. Obesity was defined based on body mass index (BMI).

Results. General obesity was detected in 282 patients (32.2%) at the time of myocardial infarction. Obesity did not adversely affect myocardial infarction outcomes in the general group of patients during the three-year follow up, but it was associated, as a protective factor, with the number of hospitalizations for UA only in patients with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 . Additional stratification of patients by LV EF showed a paradox of obesity and a decrease in systolic myocardial function from 41 to 49% in the group of patients with myocardial infarction and BMI-estimated general obesity. There was a significant decrease in the all-cause mortality rate within three years of observation in the obese patients with initially severe systolic dysfunction compared with that in patients with systolic dysfunction and initial BMI of less than 30 kg/m2 .

Conclusion. The presence of general obesity did not affect the development of an unfavorable outcome in the general group of patients within three years after myocardial infarction, with the exception of non-obese patients with severe systolic dysfunction who had the highest rate of total mortality. Regardless of the degree of post-infarction systolic myocardial dysfunction, obesity can be protective in regard to the development of UA in patients with a BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m2 .
The role of proinflammatory cytokines in the development of anthracycline-induced heart failure
Authors: Teplyakov A. T. , Shilov S. N. , Popova A. A. , Berezikova E. N. , Grakova E. V. , Neupokoeva M. N. , Kopeva K. V. , Ratushnyak E. T. , Stepachev E. I.
Published: July 2020

Objective. To study the pathogenetic and prognostic role of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) in the development of anthracycline-induced chronic heart failure (CHF).

Material and Methods. A total of 176 women with breast cancer who received anthracycline antibiotics as a part of polychemotherapy regimens were examined. Upon examination, the patients in remission were divided into two groups within 12 months after the completion of chemotherapy: patients with the development of cardiotoxic remodeling (group 1, n = 52) and women with preserved cardiac function (group 2, n = 124). All patients received echocardiography study before, during, and after chemotherapy. Biochemical blood tests were done to determine the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β before chemotherapy, immediately after it, and 12 months after chemotherapy completion. Determination of polymorphisms of the TNF-α (–308G/A, rs1800629) and IL-1β genes (+3953, rs1143634) was carried out by polymerization chain reaction.

Results. A higher level of TNF-α and IL-1β in group 1 was associated with the development of heart failure 12 months after the end of chemotherapy. The level of TNF-α over 7.5 pg/mL after the completion of chemotherapy allowed to predict the development of cardiovascular complications in women receiving anthracycline therapy with sensitivity of 44.2% and specificity of 75.8% (AUS = 0.600; 95% CI = 0.524–0.673; p = 0.035). The study did not reveal any significant differences in the frequency distribution for genotypes of 308G/A polymorphism (rs1800629) of the TNF-α gene and +3953 (rs1143634) polymorphism of the IL-1β gene in the studied groups.

Conclusion. Patients with breast cancer who developed anthracycline-induced heart failure 12 months after the end of chemotherapy had the increased levels of TNF-α and IL-1β suggesting the pathogenetic role of proinflammatory cytokines in the development of cardiac injury during anthracycline therapy.
Clinical significance and prospects of using ST2 in isсhemic heart failure patients
Authors: Grakova E. V. , Kopeva K. V. , Teplyakov A. T. , Svarovskaya A. V. , Ogurkova O. N. , Soldatenko M. V. , Astafurova O. E. , Garganeeva A. A.
Published: July 2020

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the role of soluble ST2 (sST2) in developing adverse cardiovascular events (ACE) and fatal outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) during 18 [12.5; 35.5]-month follow-up period.

Results. Depending on the median of baseline sST2 levels, all patients were retrospectively divided into two groups: group 1 enrolled patients with sST2 levels < 31.5 ng/mL (n = 22); and group 2 comprised patients with sST2 levels ≥ 31.5 ng/mL (n = 26). In group 1, the sST2 levels were 27.27 [23.94; 29.23] ng/mL, which was 33.9% higher (p < 0.0000001) than in group 2 (41.28 [34.86; 50.17] ng/mL). ACEs were registered in 9 cases (40.9%) in group 1 and in 17 cases (65.4%) in group 2 (p = 0.025). Based on ROC-analysis, baseline ST2 levels ≥ 33.53 ng/mL were considered a biomarker to predict an unfavorable course of ischemic heart failure during 18 [12.5; 35.5] months of follow-up period with sensitivity of 78.9% and specificity of 62.2% (AUC 0.719; 95% CI 0.562–0.845; p = 0.0059).

Conclusion. The baseline sST2 levels may be considered a non-invasive biomarker allowing to predict the development of adverse cardiovascular events (ACE) and fatal outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) during 18 [12.5; 35.5] months of follow-up in addition to traditional risk factors.
The risk of developing chronic heart failure in patients with hypertension depending on the actual arterial stiffness
Authors: Chernyavina A. I. , Koziolova N. A.
Published: July 2020

Objective. To determine the risk of developing chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with hypertension (HTN) depending on the actual arterial stiffness.

Material and Methods. The study included 175 patients with HTN without a verified diagnosis of heart failure. The average age was 48.5 ± 6.8 years. Patients underwent general clinical examination, volume sphygmoplethysmography assessments of cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), echocardiography study (left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV diastolic function, LV myocardial mass index, indexed LV volume by echocardiography), and tests for serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Patients were divided into two groups depending on CAVI. Group 1 included 141 (80.6%) patients with CAVI < 9; group 2 included 34 (19.4%) patients with CAVI > 9.

Results. In patients of group 1, the level of NT-proBNP was 0.008 [0.006; 5.770], which was significantly lower than the corresponding value in group 2, where the level of NT-proBNP was 13.08 [0.01; 350.65] ng/mL (p = 0.041). Indicators of odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were also significant. The chance of developing CHF with CAVI > 9 increased by almost 7 times (OR = 6.9; 95% CI = 2.8–16.8), and OR of CHF onset was 4.1 (95% CI = 2.2–7.6). Sensitivity and specificity rates were 55.9% and 84.4%, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a medium degree of dependence and direct relationships between NT-proBNP level and CAVI values (r = 0.35; p <0.05).

Conclusion. Serum level of NT-proBNP depended on the actual arterial stiffness. Patients with CAVI > 9 indicative of an increase in true arterial stiffness had a greater risk of developing heart failure assessed based on the level of NT-proBNP in the blood. Further studies are required to assess the effects of arterial stiffness, registered within the intermediate values of CAVI index, on the risk of heart failure onset.
THE IMPACT OF LIVE ANIMAL EXPORT ON MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS EXPORT IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Girmay Gebregziabher , Yeserah Sileshi
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of live animal export on meat and meat products export and to identify the major factors of the export. The study revealed that the number (volume) of live animal export reached highest level (783,888 heads) in 2012 and lowest (279,480 heads) in 2017. The volume of meat and meat products export has increased from 4,775 tons in 2008 to 19,779 tons in 2017.This might indicate that exporting live animals has an impact on meat and meat products export by limiting the supply of live animals to export abattoirs making them perform below their processing capacity. Seasonality and low supply of quality animals was ranked the first factor affecting the live animals, meat products export. Thus, the Ethiopian government and other concerned stakeholders should focus on implementing different strategies and legal frameworks to either stop or minimize live animal trade and export.
ANDROID APPLICATION OF MIDDLE-SMALL BUSINESS MAPPING (UKM) IN TEGAL CITY BASED ON GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) AND LOCATION-BASED SERVICE(LBS)
Authors: Indriyanto Jatmiko , Bukhori Imam , Budihartono Eko
Published: July 2020

Researchers began to research UKM, Tegal City Cooperative Service and region in Tegal City, researchers found in UKM, a location that has businesses in various places in the village, especially regarding UKM. However, many of these UKM locations are unknown to the public. One problem is the lack of data regarding the address and location of UKM. So now it is very much needed an android application using GIS and LBS that will facilitate and help the people of Tegal to be able to obtain data and find out more about UKM in the city of Tegal. Google Maps is an application on Android smartphones and computers that can be accessed via the internet so that Google Maps can display on Android. The purpose of this study is to facilitate the Tegal community to find information on locations, products, and UKM owners, based on a survey by researchers. The implementation of the UKM location mapping system in the city of Tegal will certainly make it easier for the people of Tegal to find data about the addresses and products of UKM in the city of Tegal. Because every data needed becomes more accurate, fast and efficient.
Posisi Republik Islam Iran Dalam Program Nuklir Dalam Perspektif Amerika Serikat
Authors: Saragih Hendra Maujana , Lestari Mega Murti , Muis Nurmaida
Published: July 2020

The focus of the research is about foreign policy of United States of America which related with Iran’s Nuclear program under Donald Trump administration.Donald Trump refuse Iran nuclear program because Iran can make nuclear weapons and becoming a threat to world peace especially for Middle East Region. This research is qualitative andthe research method is descriptiveaimed to describe United States of America’s foreign policy under Donald Trump administration which different with the former United States of America’s President. Data collection method used is library, such as books, journals, and articles. Theoretical frameworks used by this thesis to analyze the problem are foreign policy analysis and national interest analysis.The result of this research indicate that Donald Trump give maximum pressure so that Iran can accept the new more comprehensive dealbyexit from Iran’s Nuclear agreement 2015 also known as Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)and would reimpose sanctions that had been suspended pursuant to the agreement and give additional sanctions to Iran.