bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salt Resistance Study of Different Monomer Combinations of Polyacrylamide-Based Slickwater Drag Reducers
Authors: Fu Gaofeng , Ma Xiping , Hou Zhipeng , Xu Ke , Zheng Cunchuan
Published: January 2025

Slickwater fracturing fluids are commonly used in the extraction of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. However, their efficacy is significantly diminished in the presence of elevated salt concentrations. A pivotal component of slickwater fracturing fluids, the salt resistance of a drag reducer determines its overall performance. In this paper, we focus on the salt resistance of different monomer combinations of polyacrylamide (PAM)-based slickwater drag reducers using a selection of common drag-reducer functional monomers, including acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (DMC). Reverse-phase emulsion polymerization was used to synthesize 30 PAM-based drag reducers of six types with different monomer combinations. The successful synthesis of the product was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The viscous averaged molecular weights were all greater than 2.4×106 g/mol, and the monomer conversion rate was greater than 90%. The dissolution experiments showed that the acrylamide (AM)/DMC monomer combination achieved the best dissolution performance at a dissolution time of 40 seconds. The steady-state shear viscosity test showed that in clean water, the monomer combination AM/AA had the best viscosity-increasing performance, with a viscosity of 328.9 mPa·s after steady-state shear. In salt solution, the monomer combination AM/AMPS/DMC showed the best salt resistance, with a viscosity retention rate of 39.30% in 20×104 mg/L CaCl2 solution. The amphoteric ionic drag reducer exhibits excellent salt resistance. It was shown in the drag reduction performance test that the AM/DMC monomer combination had the best drag reduction performance in clean water, with a drag reduction rate of 80.1%. In salt solution, the monomer AM/AMPS/DMC exhibited the highest drag reduction with a retention rate of 92.15%. The microscopic effects of salt concentration on the molecules of the drag reducer were illustrated using hydrodynamic radii and zeta potentials. The results of this research are of great significance for the development of salt-resistant drag reducers that can facilitate the efficient development of unconventional oil and gas reservoir resources.
Investigation of Electrical Submersible Pumps with Different Tip Clearance Under Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Condition
Authors: Han Yong , van Esch B. P. M. (Bart) , Rakibuzzaman Md , Shi Weidong , Han Chen , Bai Ling , Zhou Ling
Published: January 2025

Gas-liquid two-phase mixed-flow transportation is a critical factor that reduces the hydraulic performance and stability of electrical submersible pumps (ESPs). Therefore, this study proposed semi-open-type multistage ESPs to improve their ability to handle gas-liquid mixed-flow transportation. The ESPs’ performance was predicted using a nonhomogeneous Euler-Euler two-fluid model combined with the multiple-size-group (MUSIG) model at various inlet gas volume fraction (IGVF) conditions. The accuracy of the simulation was verified with the experimental results. The results explored the influence of different tip clearance sizes on the energy characteristics and internal unstable flow of ESPs. The results show that using semi-open impellers improved the working performance. When IGVF = 5%, the scheme with the tip clearance of 0.2 mm had certain advantages. When IGVF = 10%, the scheme’s benefit with tip clearance of 0.4 mm was more prominent. The semi-open impellers significantly improved the flow state in the first-stage impeller channels and reduced the interstage differences. The energy loss caused by bubbly coalescence was decreased due to the enhanced turbulence intensity caused by tip leakage flow. The leading cause of energy loss in the current high turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) area was the rolling-up effect of the tip leakage flow. Under different IGVF conditions, the bubbles occurred in various degrees of coalescence and breakup. The theoretical basis and optimization direction are provided to improve the gas-liquid mixed-flow transportation performance of ESPs.
WITHDRAWN: Analysis of the efficacy of a new device-assisted mini-incision in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome：a retrospective study
Authors: Guo Tianhao , Li Chenfei , Tian Dehu , Gao Ruijiao , Yu Kunlun , Sun Naichao , Yang Jing , Bai Jiangbo
Published: January 2025

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors since they no longer stand by the findings/conclusions of this work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
HazeAway: A Convolutional Approach to Single-Image Haze Removal
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Ingle Palash
Published: January 2025

The existence of particles in the air cause haze, and this haze or fog cause degraded visibility in the captured shot from the camera. The non-uniform distribution of these particles, along with smoke, low light and pollution in the atmosphere, makes haze removal difficult in the real world images. The core computer vision tasks struggle with hazy images due to the lack of detail and poor visibility. The existing method relies on a transmission map in amalgamation with the atmospheric scattering input images to reconstruct a haze-free depiction. We suggested a single-image convolutions neural network that removes the haze present in the image and improves the perceptual quality by enhancing visibility. We used U-Net-like architecture with an encoder, bottleneck and decoder coupled with skip connections. In our experiment, we demonstrated the results on various benchmark dataset and compared our results with existing approaches. Additionally we compared the results from our network training on different image representations RGB verses YCbCr. The proposed method is straightforward and miniature yet still gives near state-of-the-art results.
Can toxins persist in house dust and soil years after an episodic fire event?
Authors: Ziou Myriam , Wheeler Amanda Jane , Strandberg Bo , Williamson Grant , Chappell Katherine , Dalton Marita , Almerud Pernilla , Hinwood Andrea , Zosky Graeme R. , Morgado Maite L. Berasaluce , Johnston Fay H. , Jones Penelope
Published: January 2025

Objective
Communities exposed to smoke and ash from severe industrial fires often express concern that chemicals from the fire episode pose an ongoing risk to their health by persisting in and around the home environment. While previous studies have utilised house dust and soil samples to estimate exposure to contaminants resulting from fire and industrial emissions up to five years post-event, the evidence for persistence is limited. This study aimed to investigate if evidence of contamination attributable to a mine fire episode (Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia) could be observed in those medium three years later.
Methods
In 2017, eighty-five participants in a birth cohort study established post-fire in the Latrobe Valley provided indoor vacuum dust and garden soil samples. The samples were analysed for a suite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chemical elements, including barium and magnesium, which had been previously identified as markers of fire emissions in roof cavity dust. The spatial distribution of these elements and compounds was compared with the distribution of smoke and ash from the 2014 fire, after accounting for housing characteristics.
Results
There was no evidence of persistent contamination of soil or indoor dust samples that could be attributable to this severe fire and pollution episode three years previously. These findings can be helpful in reassuring affected communities about the risk of long-term persistence of potentially harmful substances.
Conclusions
Household soil and dust may be more useful for understanding exposures from contemporaneous or persistent pollution sources such as road networks or industrial facilities.
Enhancing In Vitro Regeneration of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) through Optimized Growth Regulators and Nanoparticle Application
Authors: Moradiasl Meysam , amini fatemeh , Darbandi Ali Izadi
Published: January 2025

This experiment aimed to optimize the in vitro regeneration of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and investigate the effects of ZnO and Ag nanoparticles on its growth. The study evaluated the impact of six combinations of auxin (2,4-D) and cytokinins (BAP and kinetin) on stem and seed explants (Iranian ecotype and Molva foreign genotype) using a completely randomized design with three replications. To assess the effects of nanoparticles on callus induction and regeneration, four concentrations of Ag nanoparticles (0, 20, 40, 60 mg L⁻¹) and ZnO nanoparticles (0, 25, 50, 100 mg L⁻¹) were tested under a completely randomized design with three replications. The results indicated that halved seed explants, the Iranian ecotype, and MS1/2 culture medium produced the best outcomes. The medium containing 1 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D and 0.1 mg L⁻¹ kinetin was the most effective for callus formation, as well as fresh and dry callus weight, while also reducing the time required for callus induction. Additionally, a medium containing 0.9 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ BAP yielded higher rates of both indirect and direct regeneration. For the rooting phase, a medium with 0.25 mg L⁻¹ NAA and 0.1 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D resulted in the longest roots and the shortest time to rooting. Analysis of variance revealed that both Ag and ZnO nanoparticles significantly affected the time required for callus induction. Furthermore, Ag nanoparticles significantly influenced the regeneration percentage. Mean comparisons for Ag nanoparticles showed that a concentration of 20 mg L⁻¹ accelerated callus formation, whereas 60 mg L⁻¹ resulted in the lowest callus induction rate. Similarly, ZnO nanoparticles at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg L⁻¹ positively impacted the callus formation rate compared to the control treatment without ZnO nanoparticles.
Comparison of imaging-based single-cell resolution spatial transcriptomics profiling platforms using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples
Authors: Soto Luisa Solis , Lermi Nejla Ozirmak , Ayala Max Molina , Ruiz Sharia Hernandez , Lu Wei , Khan Khaja , Serrano Alejandra , Lubo Idania , Hamana Leticia , Tomczak Katarzyna , Barnes Sean , Dou Jinzhuang , Liang Qingnan , Team RTI , Raso Maria Gabriela , Tang Ximing , Jiang Mei , Sanchez-Espiridion Beatriz , Weissferdt Annikka , Heymach John , Zhang Jianjun , Sepesi Boris , Cascone Tina , Tsao Anne , Altan Mehmet , Mehran Reza , Gibbons Don , Wistuba Ignacio , Haymaker Cara , Chen Ken
Published: January 2025

Imaging-based spatial transcriptomics (ST) is evolving rapidly as a pivotal technology in studying the biology of tumors and their associated microenvironments. However, the strengths of the commercially available ST platforms in studying spatial biology have not been systematically evaluated using rigorously controlled experiments. In this study, we used serial 5-µm sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma and pleural mesothelioma tumor samples in tissue microarrays to compare the performance of the single cell ST platforms CosMx, MERFISH, and Xenium (uni/multi-modal) platforms in reference to bulk RNA sequencing, multiplex immunofluorescence, GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler, and hematoxylin and eosin staining data for the same samples. In addition to objective assessment of automatic cell segmentation and phenotyping, we performed pixel-resolution manual evaluation of phenotyping to carry out pathologically meaningful comparison between ST platforms. Our study detailed the intricate differences between the ST platforms, revealed the importance of parameters such as tissue age and probe design in determining the data quality, and suggested reliable workflows for accurate spatial profiling and molecular discovery.
SARS-COV-2 nasopharyngeal viral load change in a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing early therapies for COVID-19 in non-hospitalized adults with high risk of severe COVID-19 (the MONET TRIAL)
Authors: Mastrorosa Ilaria , Cozzi-Lepri Alessandro , Matusali Giulia , Colavita Francesca , Lanini Simone , Rueca Martina , Oliva Alessandra , Berno Giulia , Vergori Alessandra , Rosati Silvia , Paulicelli Jessica , Girardi Enrico , Nicastri Emanuele , Maggi Fabrizio , Antinori Andrea , Mazzotta Valentina
Published: January 2025

Although in vitro studies suggest that neutralization by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS CoV2 Omicron sub lineages is reduced, in vivovirological response data are lacking.
MONET (EudraCT: 2021-004188-28) was multi-centric phase 4 open-label parallel randomized clinical trial, conducted in Italy over 2022-2023, to assess the efficacy of sotrovimab (SOT), tixagevimab/cilgavimab (TIX/CIL) and Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r), in outpatients at high risk for severe COVID-19. The outcome (secondary in the trial protocol) was SARS-CoV-2 variation in cycle threshold (CT) values over the first 7 days (D1-D7) of the trial. CT variation was compared by trial arms using unadjusted linear regression and after controlling for age.
We included 346 individuals: 116 (34%) received SOT, 113 (33%) TIX/CIL, 117 (34%) NMV/r. Main characteristics were balanced across arms. Most of the participants were infected with BA.2 (52%) or BA.4/5 (35.5%). The data carried strong evidence that the mean CT change over D1-D7 was larger in subjects receiving NMV/r vs. the other arms (p<0.001). We found no evidence that viral variant was an effect measure modifier for the contrasts of interest (p=0.14).
Our analysis provides strong evidence that NMV/r exerts a greater in vivo antiviral effect than mAbs against Omicron sublineages, confirming previous in vitro data.
Clinical analysis of laparoscopic partial cystectomy in the treatment of bladder diverticulum carcinoma
Authors: Ye Yanle , Chen Qingxia , Huang Zhiyang , Huang Qi
Published: January 2025

Objective
To investigate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic partial cystectomy in the treatment of bladder diverticulum cancer.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 12 patients with bladder diverticulum cancer treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, from January 2016 to May 2023. All patients underwent laparoscopic partial cystectomy. The study evaluated surgical details, pathological results, postoperative complications, adjuvant treatments, and follow-up outcomes.
Results
All 12 patients successfully underwent laparoscopic partial cystectomy with no significant intraoperative complications. Postoperative pathological results confirmed urothelial carcinoma in all cases. After surgery, all patients received bladder instillation therapy, with 5 undergoing systemic intravenous chemotherapy and 1 receiving intra-arterial chemotherapy to further prevent tumor recurrence. During the follow-up period, which ranged from 16 to 49 months, 11 patients had no tumor recurrence, while 1 patient experienced recurrence 15 months after surgery.
Conclusion
Laparoscopic partial cystectomy is a safe and effective treatment for bladder diverticulum cancer, with minimal postoperative complications and good tumor control outcomes.
Pauses and pitch movement as strategies for reading aloud in higher education students
Authors: Etxebarria Aintzane , Iglesias Aitor , Ensunza Ariane , Abasolo Juan
Published: January 2025

The non-university academic regulations for Basic Education establish reading aloud within the realm of language and literature as one of several activities that serve to create texts with a playful, artistic, and creative goal, as reading aloud texts forms the foundation for comprehensible and meaningful learning. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to research the competence of primary education teachers. The main objective of this work is to describe pauses and pitch changes as mechanisms for turn-taking. For that purpose, 150 bilingual Basque university students have been recorded and analysed reading aloud a brief narrative text. The results of the study demonstrate that they indeed use pauses as a strategy for role or turn changes, and in the statistical analysis, significant differences are observed, both in terms of frequency and in terms of duration, between orthographically marked pauses (T-pauses) and those that allow a role shift (P-pauses). Comparing the results of the present study with those of Bosch et al. (2005) the observations about reading aloud do not match, since this research shows that P-pauses are significantly longer than T-pauses. This elongation coincides with the role shift represented by the pauses. As a summary of what has been said, this study identifies the following sequences as the most common when reading aloud in Basque: HL[P]HL and H[T]H.
A microbial natural product fractionation library screen with HRMS/MS dereplication identifies new lipopeptaibiotics against Candida auris
Authors: Wright Gerard , Chen Xuefei , Koteva Kalinka , Chou Sommer , Guitor Allison , Pallant Daniel , Lee Yunjin , Sychantha David , French Shawn , Hackenberger Dirk , Robbins Nicole , Cook Michael , Brown Eric , MacNeil Lesley , Cowen Leah
Published: January 2025

The rise of drug-resistant fungal pathogens, including Candida auris, highlights the urgent need for novel antifungal therapies. We developed a cost-effective platform combining microbial extract prefractionation with rapid MS/MS-bioinformatics-based dereplication to efficiently prioritize new antifungal scaffolds. Screening C. auris and C. albicans revealed novel lipopeptaibiotics, coniotins, from Coniochaeta hoffmannii WAC11161, which were undetectable in crude extracts. Coniotins exhibited potent activity against critical fungal pathogens on the WHO Fungal Priority Pathogens List, including C. albicans, C. neoformans, multidrug-resistant C. auris, and Aspergillus fumigatus, with high selectivity and low resistance potential. Coniotin A targets β-glucan, compromising fungal cell wall integrity, remodelling, and sensitizing C. auris to caspofungin. Identification of a PKS-NRPS biosynthetic gene cluster further enables the discovery of related clusters encoding potential novel lipopeptaibiotics. This study demonstrates the power of natural product prefractionation in uncovering bioactive scaffolds and introduces coniotins as promising candidates for combating multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens.
An in-silico Study of 1,2-di(Cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)ethane Derivatives as Potential Anti-ischemic Agents
Authors: Aina Oluwafemi
Published: January 2025

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading global health challenge, necessitating the development of safer and more effective anti-ischemic agents. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of hypothetical di(cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)ethane derivatives using in-silico modeling, toxicity predictions, and molecular docking studies. Fourteen derivatives (W1–W10, W8b, W9b, W8c and W9c) were designed and screened for bioavailability, toxicity, and docking affinities against key ischemia-related targets: Prostaglandin H Synthase 2 (PTGS2), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Compounds W8c and W9c emerged as promising candidates, exhibiting minimal predicted toxicity and favorable binding energies of -6.6 kcal/mol, -5.4 kcal/mol, and -7.9 kcal/mol, respectively, for PTGS2, TNF, and MMP9. These findings indicate their potential to inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix degradation associated with myocardial ischemia. Structural modifications, including the introduction of alkyl groups, enhanced their therapeutic profiles. This work lays the foundation for the rational design of next-generation anti-ischemic agents with improved efficacy, safety, and bioavailability. Future research will focus on synthesizing and validating these derivatives in preclinical and clinical settings to address the challenges of IHD treatment.
What influences healthcare surrogate decision-making among relatives of Chinese patients with dementia: a qualitative study based on the ODSF theory
Authors: Fan Xiangge , Peng Ali , Qi Min , Xu Juan , Geng Dong , Zuo Congmin , Qian Lijun
Published: January 2025

Background
Caring for someone with dementia can be a difficult and time-consuming task. Because Chinese Confucianism encourages harmonious family-centered decision-making, family members frequently assume the role of surrogate decision-maker. Mistakes in decision-making can result in not just wasted resources, higher expenses, and ineffective interventions, but also patient suffering and caregiver anxiety if not properly navigated. As a result, this study employed a qualitative research approach to investigate the variables of family members of people with dementia in the process of surrogate decision-making.
Methods
To gain a comprehensive grasp of the study objectives, this qualitative investigation employed content analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Inductive content analysis was chosen to collect data for this study, the next step is to organize the qualitative data. This process includes open coding, creating categories and abstraction.
Results
Following data analysis, three overarching theme were identified. Following data analysis, three themes and 10 sub-themes were ultimately summarized in this study. The key thematic findings are summarized.
Conclusion
In this study, we explored the factors associated with surrogate decision-making through the perspectives of family members of Chinese patients with dementia. Among them, traditional Chinese kinship served as the primary link between the facilitators of surrogate decision-making. This was because an individual's tastes, values, and goals tended to remain consistent over time, making decisions that depended on familiarity and kinship more reasonable to the surrogate. Further, we should have paid attention to differences in alternative decision-making, where a person's autonomy was preserved into the future even in situations where a person may have been perceived as unable to make the decision at hand. Thus, a basic respect for the individual and humanity would have required us to do more, namely, to pay attention to the impediments in the decision-making process.
Detection of Arrival of Acoustic Impulsive Signal using TDoA Estimation
Authors: Yadav Amit , Chandel Aseem , Singh Dushyant K , Agrawal Rajeev , Lalwani Kavita , Bhandari Harshit
Published: January 2025

The objective of this research is to present the development of an embedded system to estimate Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) of impulsive acoustic signals using TDOA estimation methodology; to achieve this, microphones will be employed to capture signals from the environment. A thorough study of different methods will be conducted to identify effective algorithms and techniques for DoA estimation. Subsequently, algorithm code will be developed specifically for the microcontroller, ensuring efficient processing within the embedded system. Additionally, careful selection of hardware and components will be undertaken to optimize the overall performance and functionality of the system.
A 5.5 ppm/°C, 4.5-nW wide temperature range sub-threshold CMOS Voltage Reference
Authors: Sannidhi Balaramamurty , Sharma G. V.K.
Published: January 2025

A novel complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) generator-based voltage reference circuit is proposed. The design features a resistor-less, ultra-low-power, sub-1V MOSFET-only sub-threshold voltage referencecompatible with digital CMOS processes, ideal for low-power and compact applications. The proposed circuit achieves a reference voltage of 0.581V and utilizes highly linear proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) and complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) generators to ensure a low temperature coefficient of just 5.5 ppm/°C across a wide temperature range (-50°C to 150°C). The circuit’s analytical behavior is modeled, and extensive post-layout analog simulations in a 0.18-µm CMOS process validate the design’s performance. It demonstrates excellent line sensitivity of 0.1 %/V across a supply voltage range of 0.8 to 3V and achieves a power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of -53 dB at 100 Hz. Notably, the circuit occupies an area of only 0.005315 mm² and consumes an ultra-low power of 4.5 nW at 27°C. The compact and efficient design addresses the challenges of achieving stability, scalability, and low power in modern CMOS-based systems.
Neural Networks for Structured Grid Generation
Authors: Khairullin Bari , Rykovanov Sergey , Zagidullin Rishat
Published: January 2025

Numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) on regular domains provide simplicity as we can rely on the structure of the space. We investigate a novel neural network (NN) - based approach to generate 2-dimensional body-fitted curvilinear coordinate systems (BFCs) that allow to stay on regular grids even when the complex geometry is considered. We describe a feed-forward neural network (FNN) as a geometric transformation that can represent a diffeomorphism under certain constraints and approximations, followed by the ways of training it to create BFCs. We show that the optimization system is similar to a physics informed neural network (PINN) based solution of Winslow equations. Unlike in classical BFC generation, FNN provides a differentiable mapping between spaces, and all the Jacobian matrices may be obtained exactly at any given point. Also, it allows to change an interior nodes distribution without the need of recreating the whole mapping.
Phytoplankton community structure in the Qinzhou Bay, China: a baseline information for non-indigenous species before the operation of the “Pinglu Canal Waterway”
Authors: Tan Karsoon , Huang Leiheng , Huang Jinman , Luo Cong , Xie Baoling , Xu Peng
Published: January 2025

The “Pinglu Canal Waterway” represents a mega-project in human history, currently under construction in Qinzhou Bay and scheduled to be fully operational by the end of 2026. Since shipping activities are a major pathway for introducing non-indigenous invasive species, baseline data on phytoplankton occurrence and distribution before the operation of the “Pinglu Canal Waterway” is necessary to better study the ecological impact of this mega anthropogenic activity. In this study, the phytoplankton community structure at the entrance of the “Pinglu Canal Waterway” (the Maowei Sea) and nearby control areas (Da Feng Jiang) was explored using metabarcoding techniques. A total of 205 phytoplankton species were identified, representing 110 families and 150 genera. Among them, 13 are harmful algal bloom species (HABs) or potential HABs, and 5 are potential non-indigenous invasive phytoplankton species. The results of this study not only enrich the baseline information on phytoplankton in Qinzhou Bay, but also strengthen our foundation for studying the potential environmental impact of the “Pinglu Canal Waterway” anthropogenic mega-project in the future.
Burden of ischemic stroke attributed to diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages burdens in 204 countries and territories from 1990--2021
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Liu Jiaming , Xia Xiaoshuang , Wang Lin , Li Xin
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explore the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and ischemic stroke (IS), providing scientific evidence for preventive measures. In this study, a comprehensive analysis based on global burden of disease (GBD) data related to the IS from 1990–2021 was conducted. The time trends of the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate (ASDR) were assessed by estimating the annual percentage change (EAPC). Although the ASMR and ASDR have declined, the global number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) have still shown increasing trends from 1990–2021. There are significant differences in trends between regions with varying social development index (SDI) levels: the ASMR decreases in high-SDI and high–middle-SDI regions but increases in medium-SDI, low–middle-SDI, and low-SDI regions. Additionally, the trends in the 21 regions also exhibited similar patterns. In 2021, China reported the highest number of deaths, whereas Romania and North Macedonia had the highest ASMRs. Countries such as Equatorial Guinea and Ghana showed a significant increasing trend in IS-related mortality caused by SSB. Inequality analysis revealed that from 1990–2021, there was inequality in IS mortality caused by high sugar beverage consumption across SDI regions globally. The mortality rate was higher in high-SDI regions than in low-SDI regions, although the gap gradually narrowed. Further stratified analysis indicated that changes in age structure and population growth had varying impacts across different SDI regions, with epidemiological changes in high-SDI regions contributing more significantly to the mortality rate. In terms of sex, although the mortality rate in men was slightly higher than that in women, the mortality rate in women surpassed that in men in those aged 75 and older. The results from the annual percentage change (APC) model revealed global and regional differences in ischemic stroke mortality rates by SDI and sex, with low-income regions and women facing more serious health challenges. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) predictive model results revealed a U-shaped trend in the IS mortality rates, and with changes in the population structure, the overall mortality from ischemic stroke is expected to increase significantly, particularly in the elderly population.
Cortical activation in Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson’s syndrome in different motor states: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Li Ce , Wang Wei-Ning , Zhang Jing-Yi , Xia Yi-Fei , Wang Jian , He Zhong , Sun Yi-Min , Zhu Yu-Lian
Published: January 2025

Background: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an advanced technique used to assess cortical activation and functional connectivity in the cerebral cortex brain. This study investigates changes in cortical activation patterns among patients with different subtypes of Parkinson’s syndrome during motor tasks.
Methods: A total of 63 participants, including 16 healthy controls, 23 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), 12 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 12 with multiple system atrophy (MSA), underwent fNIRS assessment during various motor tasks.
Functional connectivity analysis was conducted under different motor states. During the sit-to-stand task, patients with PSP exhibited significant activation in the bilateral motor cortices (P<0.05), while those with PD demonstrated significant activation in both the bilateral motor cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (P<0.05). Results: During the 10-second walking task, patients with MSA showed widespread activation across nearly all cortical regions (P < 0.05). PD patients exhibited significant activation in the left sensory cortex, bilateral motor cortex, and bilateral Wernicke’s areas (P<0.05). Moreover, the step frequency of patients showed a significant positive correlation with activation in the premotorcortex, DLPFC, Wernicke's area, and PSA regions.
Conclusions: These findings reveal distinct cortical activation patterns between PSP and PD during the sit-to-stand task and between MSA and PD during walking tasks. Notably, walking speed in PD patients correlated with activation in multiple cortical regions, suggesting a complex neural basis for motor function in this population. The results offer a novel approach for evaluating cortical connectivity in Parkinson’s syndrome.
Trial number: ChiCTR2300070467
Investigating Effect of Fluid Density on Seismic Response of Steel Storage Tank
Authors: Raj Ritu , Waghmare Manisha V.
Published: January 2025

The seismic response of fluid-filled steel storage tanks is critical in earthquake-prone regions due to risks from fluid sloshing and structural impacts. While sloshing displacement is minimally affected by tank flexibility, impulsive pressures and base shear increase with it. Conventional tools like Staad Pro and ETABS struggle with capturing complex fluid-structure interactions (FSI), but advanced tools like ANSYS enable precise modeling of nonlinear behaviors and seismic dynamics. This study uses Time History Analysis (THA) in ANSYS to examine cylindrical tanks containing fuel oil, kerosene, and engine oil, focusing on how fluid density affects seismic responses like displacement, shear, moment, sloshing height, and hydrodynamic pressure. The findings of the work aim to enhance the design and safety of storage tanks under seismic loading.
Harmonizing Task Intensities Across Time
Authors: Garcia-Couto Santiago
Published: January 2025

A growing literature has used the intensity of the tasks that workers perform to explain labor market outcomes. Despite significant changes in the workplace, this "task approach" is based on the questionable assumption that the intensity of tasks remains constant over time. I harmonize and compare the intensity of four broad task classes that workers perform -non-routine cognitive, non-routine manual, interpersonal, and routine- from 1980 to 2014 in the Dictionary of Occupation Title (DOT) and the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). I find the new fact that a sizable part of wage changes is due to increases in the return and the intensity of cognitive tasks. I show that my new fact has important implications for three well-documented wage trends during the last decades. First, it caused wage polarization because the intensities of cognitive tasks increased in both high-wage and low-wage occupations. Second, it increased the college premium because college graduates tend to work in occupations that are relatively intensive in cognitive tasks. Third, it reduced the gender-wage gap because women again tend to work in occupations that are relatively intensive in cognitive tasks.
JEL Codes: E24, J24, J31.
Facing involuntary immobility: Prioritizing the marginalized in climate and disaster risk policy
Authors: Thalheimer Lisa , Cottier Fabien , Kruczkiewicz Andrew , Hultquist Carolynne , Tuholske Cascade , Benveniste Hélène , Freihardt Jan , Hemmati Mona , Kam Pui Man , Pricope Narcisa G. , Hoek Jamon Van Den , Zimmer Andrew , Horton Radley M. , de Sherbinin Alex
Published: January 2025

Globally, populations are increasingly located in areas at high risk of frequent, extreme weather events. Some exposed populations have the ability to move to safer places; others are unable to get out of harm’s way. The climate risks facing these involuntary immobile populations are not often addressed by local and national authorities, despite increasing recognition by international development agencies and humanitarian actors. Here we discuss when and how climate and extreme weather events lead to involuntary immobility by considering the influence of political, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Addressing barriers in policy and disaster planning, early warning systems and anticipatory action could be tailored to support involuntarily immobile communities. While policy and planning should be data-informed, lack of appropriate data quality should not limit governments and institutions from taking action. Immobility needs to be aligned with the broader sustainable development objectives which entail climate justice and orderly migration.
Impact of Transition Metals (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) on the Formation of Local and Crystal Structure of MBTC Phases
Authors: Domoroshchina Elena , Kuz’micheva Galina , Akin’shin Ivan , Svetogorov Roman , Khramov Evgeny , Chumakov Ratibor , Nguyen Quang
Published: January 2025

In this work, the results of studying the composition (bulk and surface), structure (crystal and local) and biocidal properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC), called MBTC (M=Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; M 2+Cl2·4H2O precursor), obtained by a hydrothermal method under the same process conditions were presented. XRPD, XAS, XPS, SEM, and FTIR methods were used. The formal charge (FC) was determined for Fe3+, Cu2+ (Jahn-Teller ion), Zn2+ and, for the first time, a mixed FC was determined for Co(3,2)+, Ni(3,2)+ and Mn(3,2)+ (with a higher content of Mn3+ Jahn-Teller ions). It was shown that in the M - BTC system, depending on FCM, MOFs with different types of structures are formed (MIL-100 with Fe, sp. gr. Fd3m; HKUST-1 with Cu, sp. gr. Fm3m; MBTC with M=Mn, Co, Ni, sp. gr. P; MBTC with Zn, sp. gr. C2), in which the coordination environment of M ions is different. The results obtained made it possible to divide MOF structures into 4 groups depending on the nature of the М metals. This allows predicting the topological structural types of MBTC based on the electronic structure of М ions. The results of studying the antimicrobial activity of MBTCs indicate a possible connection between the biocidal properties of bacteria and the electronic structure of M.
Gauging modulated symmetries: Kramers-Wannier dualities and non-invertible reflections
Authors: Pace Salvatore D. , Delfino Guilherme , Lam Ho Tat , Aksoy Ömer Mert
Published: January 2025

Modulated symmetries are internal symmetries that act in a non-uniform, spatially modulated way and are generalizations of, for example, dipole symmetries. In this paper, we systematically study the gauging of finite Abelian modulated symmetries in {1+1}1+1 dimensions. Working with local Hamiltonians of spin chains, we explore the dual symmetries after gauging and their potential new spatial modulations. We establish sufficient conditions for the existence of an isomorphism between the modulated symmetries and their dual, naturally implemented by lattice reflections. For instance, in systems of prime qudits, translation invariance guarantees this isomorphism. For non-prime qudits, we show using techniques from ring theory that this isomorphism can also exist, although it is not guaranteed by lattice translation symmetry alone. From this isomorphism, we identify new Kramers-Wannier dualities and construct related non-invertible reflection symmetry operators using sequential quantum circuits. Notably, this non-invertible reflection symmetry exists even when the system lacks ordinary reflection symmetry. Throughout the paper, we illustrate these results using various simple toy models.
Study the opportunity of using Arduino controller for practical stress measurement induced in mechanical loaded members
Authors: Hameed Mohammed , Saleh Mohammed
Published: January 2025

The accurate assessment of stresses, strains and loads in components under working conditions is an essential requirement of successful engineering design. In particular, the location of peak stress values and stress concentrations, and subsequently their reduction or removal by suitable design, has applications in every field of engineering. The current work presents a technique for experimental strain measurement, where a data acquisition system have been composed of strain gauge sensors and an Arduino microcontroller. The measured signal conditioning is performed by means of strain bending sensor and then discretized by an analog-digital converter external to the Arduino. To realize the full-field measurement, the current measuring approach can be employed to determine the induced strain in multi points simultaneously. The significant features of the proposed measuring system are: sensitive, precise, economical, and compact size. For the purpose of results verification of the designed measuring device, experimental tests have performed on a cantilever beam and on a simply supported thin plate loaded at the center. An average percentage error was 5.7 % between analytical and experimental recorded strains in beam test. Also, in rectangular plate loading, an average percentage errors were 5.8 % and 4.1 % for the measured strains numerically and experimentally in X-direction and Y-direction respectively. The conducted results indicated a good agreement and demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed measuring system.
Two One-dimensional Boundary Value Problems of Nonlinear Diffusion Theory
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Grezina Alexandra Viktorovna , Metrikin Vladimir Semionovich ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Panasenko Adolf Grigorievich ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: January 2025

This work is an extension of the authors earlier investigations into a nonlinear theory of propagation of impurities in solids. Two mathematical models governed by partial differential equations are studied in this paper. Both models describe the dynamics of the impurities propagation in a simi-infinite prismatic solid with an impenetrable side surface. The difference between the models is associated with the impurity source that is located at the boundary of the solid. In the first case the source is assumed to be present during a finite time interval, whereas in the second case the impurity source is assumed to be stationary and provide a constant impurity flow. An approach is presented in this paper that allows to transform the nonlinear partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and derive solutions to the latter. A methodology is presented for the formulation of the initial conditions for the nonlinear ordinary differential equations and criteria are formulated for evaluation of the correctness of those conditions. The obtained solutions provide information regarding the time-dependent concentration of the impurities and their finite propagation speed. It is also shown in the paper that the proposed solution approach is also efficient in application to the linear theory of diffusion.
Synergetic Control of Interorbital Flight
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Bratishchev Alexander Vasilyevich
Published: January 2025

The problem of controlling interorbital flight in the spatial case using the first integrals is considered. Three types of synergistic regulators are proposed. It is shown that the thrust decreases exponentially over time. The executable models of the regulators are designed. The influence of the parameter of the aggregated variable on the geometric shape of the transition orbit is numerically considered. The effect of the choice of an aggregated variable on the amount of work and the amount of thrust. The effect of the angle between the initial and final orbits on the work of transition from orbit to orbit.
A New Approach to the Series Expansion of Iterated Stratonovich Stochastic Integrals with Respect to Components of a Multidimensional Wiener Process. the Case of Arbitrary Complete Orthonormal Systems in Hilbert Space. II
Authors:   Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Kuznetsov Dmitriy Feliksovich
Published: January 2025

The article is Part IV of the author's work devoted to a new approach to the series expansion of iterated Stratonovich stochastic integrals with respect to components of a multidimensional Wiener process. The above approach was proposed by the author in 2022 and is based on generalized multiple Fourier series in complete orthonormal systems of functions in Hilbert space. In the previous parts of the work, expansions of iterated Stratonovich stochastic integrals of multiplicities 1 to 6 (the case of Legendre polynomials and the trigonometric Fourier basis) and multiplicities 1 to 4 (the case of an arbitrary complete orthonormal system of functions in Hilbert space) were obtained. In this article, an expansion of iterated Stratonovich stochastic integrals of multiplicity 5 (the case of an arbitrary complete orthonormal system of functions in Hilbert space) is obtained. The mentioned expansion is generalized to the case of an arbitrary multiplicity of iterated Stratonovich stochastic integrals. The results of the article will be useful for construction of strong numerical methods with orders 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, ... (based on the Taylor-Stratonovich expansion) for systems of Ito stochastic differential equations with non-commutative noise.
The Influence of Non-isolated Singularities in the Lowest Coefficient of the Generalized Cauchy-riemann Equation on the Formulation of Boundary Value Problems
Authors:   National Research University "Moscow Power Engineering Institute", Rasulov Abdurauf Babajanovich
Published: January 2025

The article reveals the effect of the influence of pairwise non-intersecting and not passing through the origin of coordinates of non-isolated singularities in the lowest coefficient of the generalized Cauchy-Riemann equation on the formulation of boundary value problems. The condition at the boundary of the region turned out to be insufficient to solve such problems. Therefore, we considered a case that combines elements of the Riemann-Hilbert problems on the boundary of a domain and linear conjugation on the surrounding area.
AVALIAÇÃO DA CAMINHABILIDADE NO CAMPUS UNIVERSITÁRIO DA UNESP EM MARÍLIA/SP
Authors: Pires Bruna Cristina , Cardoso Magagnin Renata
Published: January 2025

Em algum momento, toda pessoa atua como pedestre durante seus deslocamentos urbanos, para os quais os espaços construídos devem garantir qualidade e segurança. Nos campi universitários, onde há grande diversidade de pessoas devido às atividades de ensino, pesquisa, extensão e aos serviços oferecidos, a infraestrutura para os deslocamentos a pé deve atender às normas de acessibilidade vigentes, além de proporcionar conforto e segurança. Nesse contexto, este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a caminhabilidade em um campus universitário brasileiro, utilizando uma abordagem multimétodos. O estudo de caso foi realizado no campus da UNESP em Marília/SP. A metodologia envolveu o uso de indicadores de desempenho e um índice para avaliar a qualidade da infraestrutura para pedestres, além de uma análise de acessibilidade e visibilidade utilizando a sintaxe espacial e grafos de visibilidade no nível dos joelhos e dos olhos. Os resultados revelaram que aspectos como legibilidade, segurança e seguridade necessitam de maior atenção por parte dos gestores locais para melhorar a caminhabilidade. Além disso, a análise da sintaxe espacial indicou uma baixa conexão entre os caminhos, resultando em deslocamentos mais longos. A análise dos grafos de visibilidade identificou áreas com obstruções visuais, impactando a percepção do ambiente pelos pedestres. Espera-se que os resultados sirvam de orientação para implementar melhorias no campus e orientar a criação de novos campi universitários.
futuros pedagogos em formação: sim, a gestão democrática é possível!
Authors: Liberato Clarisse Elizabeth de Sena , Chagas Rafaela Paiva das , Furtado Bianca Regina Gomes
Published: January 2025

O texto destaca a experiência de estagiários de pedagogia em escolas públicas federais, ressaltando a gestão democrática e participativa. Observou-se o papel do coordenador pedagógico, destacando a importância do diálogo, participação da comunidade escolar e revisões pedagógicas. O estágio é descrito como um processo de descobertas, desconstruções e construção do conhecimento coletivo. O texto conclui incentivando futuros educadores a encararem dúvidas e questionamentos como parte essencial da formação em pedagogia.
Debido proceso y tutela cautelar innovativa: comentarios a la sentencia Concesiones Recoleta S.A. con Municipalidad de Recoleta
Authors: Precht Precht Bryan
Published: January 2025

En el presente comentario de sentencia se analiza el fallo de la Corte de Apelaciones de Santiago que confirma la sentencia de primera instancia que a su vez deja sin efecto la medida prejudicial de suspensión de los efectos de dos administrativos. Se plantea que este tipo de medida tiene el carácter de innovativa y como tal no es posible tratarla como innominada o atípica en un procedimiento civil, sino más bien como manifestación esencial de la tutela judicial efectiva frente a un contencioso administrativo que carece de regulación expresa.