bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Порівняння двох підходів до Unit-тестування Angular-додатків
Authors: Полупан Ю.В. , Родіонов П.Ю. , Дьомін М.К.
Published: February 2025

В сучасному світі реактивні системи набирають все більшої популярності, при цьому в основі реактивності є робота з асинхронними потоками даних. Тестування реактивних систем стоїть окремою задачею, в якій є низка відкритих питань, наприклад, вимирювання ефективності тестів, використовуючі той чи інший підхід до тестування.
Для тестування Angular-додатків в роботі було обрано два підходи: 1) з використанням зв’язки Jasmine + Karma, що встановлюється за замовчуванням при створенні додатку; 2) з використанням Jest.
В статті тестується Angular-додаток, який має 7 тестів, 3 з яких – тести синхронних блоків коду і 4 – для асинхронних блоків. При тестуванні використовувались інструменти, що пропонує Angular із коробки та фреймворк Jest.
Для вимирювання ефективності Unit-тестів, як правило, використовуються чотири критерії [2, 4]: захист від помилок (protectionagainstbugs); стійкість до рефакторингу (resiliencetorefactoring); швидкість зворотнього зв’язку (fastfeedback); простота підтримки (maintainability). Порівнюючи різні підходи до тестування можна визначити як той чи інший підхід впливає на конкретний критерій ефективності Unit-тестів, підвищуючі його, або навпаки зменшуючі. Як відомо, на сьогодні не існує автоматичного способу вимірювання ефективності з отриманням значень для кожного критерію і тому кожен тест потрібно оцінювати окремо. Для отримання значення по критерію «швидкість зворотнього зв’язку» будемо використовувати час виконання тестів, в тому числі з визначенням відсотка покриття коду тестами при допомозі команди coverage. Цей критерій показує, що чим швидше виконується тест на етапі розробки, тим меньше часу витрачається на усунення знайденних помилок, тим самим, значно підвищуючи ефективність Unit-тестів.
В результаті порівняння роботи двох фреймворків для тестування, можно зробити висновок, що при використанні Jest тести виконуються в середньому на 60%  швидше за рахунок того, що система відстежує зміни файлів та не виконує непотрібних дій. При тестуванні ассинхронного коду така ж тенденція (збільшення швидкості тестування на 60%) зберігається, тому  Jest відмінно підходить для виконання тестування Angular-проектів, які містять багато асинхронного коду.
Так як ефективність Unit-тестів залежить від швидкості зворотнього зв’язку (fastfeedback), то, використовуючіJest, ми, тим самим, значно підвищуємо ефективність Unit-тестування та всього проекту вцілому.
Planning of career growth of agricultural enterprises staff
Authors: Litynska V.
Published: February 2025

The article examines aspects of career growth planning for employees of agricultural enterprises, taking into account factors of the external and internal environments of the agricultural industry functioning.
The specific conditions during the period of martial law in Ukraine are systematized, which determine additional requirements for employees of agricultural enterprises, the consideration of which is mandatory for career growth planning.
The purpose of the article is to generalize the scientific principles of career growth planning and develop a career management methodology for employees of agricultural enterprises.
The need for career growth planning by a specialist is proven in order to take logical actions regarding readiness to meet the growing requirements of a specific profession. Existing approaches to understanding the studied concept are summarized and the author’s definition of the concept is proposed.
The works of foreign researchers are studied and an algorithm for planning career growth for employees of agricultural enterprises is generalized, which will contribute to successful career formation.
The sequential stages of the career growth planning algorithm for employees of agricultural enterprises are disclosed in detail and the conditions that must be met by agricultural enterprises are outlined.
Approaches to developing an employee’s career path are highlighted and the parameters of the employee’s professional and personal qualities included in it are described.
The need to analyze the socio-psychological climate in the labor collective is emphasized and measures to improve it are summarized.
It is substantiated that the stage of monitoring the implementation of career growth plans for employees of agricultural enterprises is important, as it allows you to identify deviations and promptly develop measures to eliminate them.
It is concluded that the introduction of the practice of career growth planning for employees of the agricultural enterprises management will contribute to increasing the efficiency of labor resources and minimize the negative phenomena of staff turnover.
Key words: planning, career growth, employees of agricultural enterprises, employee’s career path, business qualities, personal qualities.
Analysis of the development of rural areas social infrastructure
Authors: Holovashenko Yu.
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes the current state and trends in the development of social infrastructure of rural areas, on the basis of which the difficulties of its development in martial law are highlighted. It is argued that the development of social infrastructure should be considered as a comprehensive provision of favorable conditions for human life based on the rational placement and effective use of territorially interconnected social facilities in order to preserve the rural structure of life and sustainable development of rural areas. The tools for supporting the development of social infrastructure of rural areas in leading countries of the world are systematized and a conclusion is made about their implementation during the period of post-war reconstruction of the country. It is revealed that as a result of decentralization, social infrastructure facilities were closed in some rural settlements, which led to an insufficient level of coverage of rural areas and access to their services by the rural population. The conclusion is made about the feasibility of developing mobile infrastructure in sparsely populated rural settlements and servicing the rural population through support settlements. It is substantiated that the implemented medical reform in rural areas has led to a 40% reduction in the number of FAPs, which may mean a deterioration in the rural population's access to medical services. It is argued that medical institutions experience a shortage of qualified medical personnel, low equipment of institutions with modern equipment, a lack of high-quality roads and ambulances. The need to increase the attractiveness of the work of a medical worker in rural areas and to resolve disagreements regarding the unprofitable maintenance of patients in excess of the established norm of service, as well as to motivate them with wages, is emphasized. It was found that the number of general secondary education institutions in rural areas is decreasing by 36.3%, while there was a slight decrease in the number of students by only 8.2%, which led to an increase in the number of students per institution in 2023 by 44%. It was concluded that it is necessary to organize reliable transportation of children to schools in larger settlements, which is a difficult task due to the increased risk of underfunding of these measures.
Key words: social infrastructure, rural population, standard of living, rural medicine, educational institutions, accessibility of social services.
Components of the organizational and economic mechanism of vegetable market regulation
Authors: Borshchyk V.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the tools of the organizational and economic mechanism as a system of interconnected and mutually conditioned methods, incentives, levers and tools of regulation and market selfregulation, which form an open dynamic system. It is founded that the tools of the organizational and economic mechanism should focus on the coordination of business interests entities and the balanced development of supply and demand in the market under the conditions of uncertainty and risk. The author’s approach to the interpretation of the organizational and economic mechanism of the market regulations of vegetable production is considered by us as a set of forms and methods of management, levers and tools of regulation and selfregulation of reproductive processes in the industry and satisfaction of the population’s needs in vegetable products.
It has been concluded that achieving a balanced functioning of the vegetable market under the conditions of martial law is possible only if effective tools of state regulation are used, which would support stability, efficiency and justice. It is argued that the prospective development of vegetable products market should be considered in terms of the influence of organizational and economic regulation tools on the strengthening of the current positive trends in the direction of increasing production volumes by agricultural commodity producers in the western and central regions of the country.
The principles of the development of vegetable products market are systematized and the need to focus vegetable product producers not only on obtaining profit, but also on ensuring ecological and social principles, which causes the manifestation of a synergistic effect, is emphasized. The directions of the influence of the organizational and economic mechanism of the regulation of vegetable products market in the post-war recovery of the industry are summarized, namely: the formation of new competencies of market subjects taking into account the transition to a new technological structure, the introduction of digital technologies and sustainable technologies for growing vegetables, the creation and modernization of capacities of objects of distribution infrastructure, restoration of the seed industry, etc.
Key words: market self-regulation, instruments of state regulation, vegetable products, market balance.
Percepções de gestantes acerca da violência obstétrica
Authors: Alves Kauanna Couto , Fernandes Emanuella Soares Fraga , Soares Luzia Célia Batista , Fernandes Talitha Sonally Soares
Published: February 2025

A violência obstétrica se refere a qualquer forma de tratamento desrespeitoso, abusivo ou não consensual que uma mulher pode sofrer durante o pré-natal, parto e pós-parto por profissionais de saúde. Este estudo objetiva conhecer a percepção de gestantes sobre a violência obstétrica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa realizada no município de Guanambi-BA. Foi realizada em Unidades Básicas de Saúde que atendem gestantes provenientes do perímetro urbano e rural, em bairros centrais e periféricos. Foram realizadas 23 entrevistas, das quais foram definidas a partir do critério de saturação dos dados. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. O presente estudo atende em todas suas etapas à resolução nº 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram discrepância significativa no nível de conhecimento sobre o conceito de violência obstétrica quando comparadas gestantes residentes em zonas rurais e bairros periféricos com aquelas que residem em bairros centrais, além de evidenciar que muitas gestantes possuem percepção limitada sobre o conceito de violência obstétrica, com entendimento de que acontece majoritariamente no momento do parto. Conclui-se a necessidade de ampliar a sensibilização das gestantes sobre seus direitos, a sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde sobre o tema e práticas contraindicadas, a participação da sociedade e o fortalecimento de estratégias de educação em saúde que promovam entendimento mais abrangente da violência obstétrica.
Homicídios na cidade de Manaus: Uma análise da violência letal na maior capital da Amazônia Legal Brasileira
Authors: França Reginaldo Gomes de , Cruz Gedean de Souza , Vale Wayne Paiva , Abreu Daniel Maciel de , Saraiva Ernandes Herculano , Costa Rogério Moreira , Oliveira Criscyanne Andrade de , Souza Vando Alves de , Alecrim Klensgeis Willians Lima , Silva Ellen de Moraes e
Published: February 2025

O artigo “Homicídios na cidade de Manaus: uma análise da violência letal na maior capital da Amazônia legal Brasileira” investiga as dinâmicas de homicídios na cidade de Manaus, contextualizando a violência letal sob aspectos socioeconômicos, territoriais e institucionais. A partir da pesquisa, destacamos que o homicídio é uma expressão máxima da violência, frequentemente vinculada às desigualdades sociais e à ausência de políticas públicas eficazes. O Brasil lidera em números absolutos de homicídios, com taxas significativamente superiores à média global, especialmente entre jovens negros e moradores de periferias. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar os índices de homicídios na cidade de Manaus/AM. A pesquisa adota uma abordagem quantitativa exploratória, utilizando dados do Sistema Integrado de Segurança Pública (SISP) e revisão bibliográfica. Os resultados apontam que entre 2023 e 2024, houve uma redução de homicídios de 1408 para 1084, com quedas também nos casos de latrocínio e lesão corporal seguida de morte. Em contrapartida, os feminicídios aumentaram, destacando a necessidade de políticas de proteção às mulheres. Não foram registrados casos de tortura com resultado morte em 2024. As zonas norte e leste da cidade concentram os índices mais altos de homicídios, refletindo disparidades socioeconômicas e estruturais. A integração dos Distritos Integrados de Polícia (DIPs) com a Companhia Interativa Comunitária (CICOM) contribuiu para respostas mais rápidas e efetivas.
The Implementation of PSAK 22 In Business Combinations: A Case Study of PT X Acquiring of PT Y
Authors: Bagaskara Fadilah Fajar , Yanti Harti Budi
Published: February 2025

This study examines the application of PSAK 22 on business combinations, focusing on the acquisition of PT Y by PT X. PSAK 22 requires the acquisition method, mandating acquiring entities to measure and recognize identifiable assets, liabilities, and any goodwill from the transaction. Using a qualitative approach, the research employs in-depth interviews with key stakeholders and a literature review of financial reports and academic sources. It explores relevant accounting treatments under PSAK 22 and PSAK 65, ensuring accurate consolidation of assets and liabilities. The findings highlight challenges and advantages experienced by PT X in acquiring PT Y, providing practical insights for companies navigating similar transactions. This research underscores the alignment between PSAK 22 and the practical challenges faced by Indonesian companies, emphasizing regional and industry-specific considerations. The study offers a practical framework for companies applying PSAK 22, enriches academic discourse on business combination accounting in emerging markets, and supports policymakers in refining standards to address industry complexities. By bridging theoretical and practical perspectives, this research provides valuable guidance for improving the implementation of PSAK 22 in Indonesia and similar contexts.
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION-BASED DISCHARGE PLANNING ON THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF STROKE PATIENTS
Authors: Ramadhani Desi , Retnaningsih Dwi
Published: February 2025

Stroke is a condition that can cause numerous physical and psychological issues that interfere with her quality of life. The importance of the role of the nurse, the family and the patient's closest people must have an impact on the continuation of post-hospital care. Because they're going to carry out long-term care to stroke patients at home, so discharge planning or planning home is vital in the care of stroke patient during hospitalization. Nonetheless, stories of discharge planning being implemented suboptimally continue to surface. The reason is the application of improper techniques. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of application use on stroke patients' level of knowledge. The research method used is quantitative descriptive research with one group pretest and posttest design. A total of 21 respondents with purposive sampling techniques. The study provides an outcome understanding of the stroke patient's general understanding of stroke such as the definition, signs of symptoms, risk factors, immediate treatment of attacks, permitted or restricted diets and adaptation of the patient to residual stroke symptoms such as paralysis, swallowing disorders, communication impairments, visual impairment, and other disorder. Increased patient understanding of the use of discharge planning applications.
ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL RADIOLOGY EQUIPMENT BASED ON MINISTER OF HEALTH REGULATION NUMBER 24 OF 2020 IN THE RADIOLOGY INSTALLATION
Authors: Jamil Masfufatun , Suraningsih Nanik , Rosidah Siti
Published: February 2025

Hospitals as a health service facility have a strategic role in accelerating the health status of the Indonesian people. Quality health services are a measure of satisfaction which has an effect on the patient's desire to return. Radiographers are health workers who are given the task, authority and responsibility by authorized officials to carry out Radiology service activities in the Health Service Unit. The implementation of Radiology Services needs to be adapted to the development and needs of health services, legal certainty that underlies health services, and developments in science and technology. Based on these considerations, the government needs to stipulate Minister of Health Regulation concerning Clinical Radiology Services number 24 of 2020. To realize the objectives of clinical radiology services, it is supported by Clinical Radiology Service Equipment (PPR) which must be maintained and maintained in accordance with Minister of Health Regulation Number 24 of 2020. The approach method used is sociological juridical and the research specification is descriptive analysis. The juridical aspect studied is the legal provisions regarding the analysis of clinical radiology service equipment and understanding the obstacles faced in implementing it in the radiology room at Bhayangkara Hospital, Semarang City. The sociological aspect studied is the response from PPR officers and the head of the radiology room regarding the analysis of radioclinic service equipment based on Minister of Health Regulation number 24 of 2020. The output of this research is planned for publication in a national scientific journal
THE EFFECT OF SLICE THICKNESS VARIATION ON SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR) IN CT-SCAN THORAX EXAMINATION WITH CLINICAL TUMORS IN THE RADIOLOGY INSTALLATION
Authors: Dewilza Nerifa , Yudha Sagita , Hanifah Wahdini , Nansih Livia Ade , Sari Suma Kagus Purma
Published: February 2025

Slice thickness is the thickness of the slice on the image that is determined during reconstruction using Multiplanar Reconstruction (MPR). Choosing the right slice thickness according to the purpose of the examination will produce accurate diagnostic information. One of the parameters that determines the quality of the results of an image is the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is the comparison between the amplitude of a signal and the amplitude of noise. Tumors are one type of pathology in the thorax caused by cells that divide and grow uncontrollably. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of slice thickness variations on the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) on CT-Scan thorax at the Radiology Installation of Andalas University Hospital Padang and the highest SNR value. This study is a type of quantitative research with experimental methods, data analysis and testing. The slice thickness variations used in this study were 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm. The sample of this study was 3 patients. Each sample was performed ROI on tumor tissue, tumor border, healthy tissue and background. This study was conducted at the Radiology Installation of Andalas University Hospital, Padang from April to June 2024. The results showed that in this study (ρ Value
OPTIMASI RECTIFIER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA SERVER PADA PT.GARUDA MEDIA TELEMATIKA
Authors: Firman Masykur Arianto  , Davan Dwi Maulana  , Awanis Hadyan Zulfahmi1
Published: February 2025

Rectifier digunakan untuk mengubah listrik AC menjadi DC, yang menjadi sumber daya utama bagi server. Penelitian ini menganalisis performa rectifier EPS75-4815AF dalam mendukung stabilitas daya server. Implementasi rectifier yang efisien mampu mengurangi risiko overheating, menjaga stabilitas jaringan, dan mengoptimalkan penggunaan energi.
Metode yang diterapkan meliputi pemantauan real-time, evaluasi distribusi daya, dan penggantian perangkat dengan efisiensi yang lebih tinggi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa rectifier dengan kapasitas lebih besar dan sistem pendinginan memadai memberikan kinerja lebih stabil dan efektif. Perawatan rutin serta desain tata letak perangkat yang mendukung sirkulasi udara optimal juga menjadi faktor penting.
Policy Intervention Strategies in Waterfront Areas and Their Promotion of Economic Growth in Tangshan
Authors: MA Chen , RAHMAN Norhafizah Abdul , AYOB Zulkefle
Published: February 2025

This article takes Tangshan, Hebei Province as an example to explore in depth the strategy of promoting urban economic growth through waterfront development, and focuses on analyzing the important role of social policy intervention in this process. In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the current situation and development potential of the waterfront area, we conducted qualitative and case studies, and conducted in-depth research on 211 residents living near the waterfront. The article proposes four important strategies to promote the economic development of waterfront areas and emphasizes the key role of social policy intervention. Firstly, based on the living habits and development needs of residents, targeted commercial and retail development policies should be formulated to improve the utilization rate and economic vitality of waterfront areas; Secondly, by setting waterfront activity spaces suitable for different age groups, the social function and attractiveness of the waterfront area can be enhanced; Thirdly, optimize infrastructure construction, enhance the overall environment and public service level of waterfront areas, thereby enhancing their attractiveness and competitiveness; The fourth is to deeply integrate regional culture into the construction of waterfront areas, further promoting the economic and social development of waterfront areas.
EKSISTENSI PERADILAN PIDANA TERHADAP JAMINAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN SAKSI KORBAN DALAM KASUS PIDANA
Authors: Munte Gaya pesona , Husna Lenny
Published: February 2025

This research examines the existence of criminal justice in providing physical, legal and psychological protection to victim witnesses in criminal cases. The main challenges faced by victim witnesses, including threats, intimidation, and other obstacles, are the focus of this research. The criminal justice system must address this challenge seriously through effective witness protection programs, strict law enforcement against perpetrators of threats, and the provision of adequate psychological support and legal aid. Reforms in the broader criminal justice process also need to be considered to improve justice and protection for victim witnesses. Understanding this issue is important in efforts to maintain the integrity of the legal system and provide better protection for individuals involved in the criminal justice process.
STUDI FENOMENOLOGI DAN ANALISIS DRAMATURGI PENGALAMAN HIDUP PADA SISWA SMA NEGERI 17 BATAM PENGGUNAAN SECOND ACCOUNT INSTAGRAM
Authors: Novelia Bella , Rorong Michael Jibrael
Published: February 2025

Remaja adalah salah satu yang paling banyak dikaitkan dengan perkembangan teknologi. Masa remaja menjadi masa manakala seseorang yang mengamuk dengan kekerasan mencari identitas dan pengalaman mereka. Hal ini juga mengarah ke di mana banyak remaja dengan mudah mengikuti hal-hal yang dilakukan oleh orang lain seperti membentuk citra diri yang baik, mereka ingin dikagumi, mereka ingin mendapatkan pengakuan oleh masyarakat, dan mereka ingin menunjukkan keberadaan mereka melalui pengalaman yang mereka rasakan. Sama halnya dengan siswa SMA Negeri 17 Batam yang memiliki akun Instagram. Bagi sebagian mahasiswa, tidak hanya menggunakan Instagram sebagai media berbagi informasi dan komunikasi, tetapi juga menjadikan Instagram sebagai tempat berbagi pengalaman dan tempat mengadu. Bahkan ada satu mahasiswa yang memiliki 2 akun Instagram. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui pengalaman, bentuk, pola, kegiatan, dan bagaimana pengguna Frontstage dan Backstage akun kedua pada siswa SMA Negeri 17 Batam. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis, yang didasarkan pada pengalaman subjektif atau fenomenologis seseorang dan menggunakan analisis dramatis (sebagai teori). Hasil penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengalaman komunikasi, bentuk dan pola komunikasi, kegiatan komunikasi, serta Front stage dan Back stage pada pengguna second account pada siswa SMA Negeri 17 Batam
Case Report: Two-month-old infant with PHACE syndrome: facial hemangioma and severe complex coarctation of the aorta
Authors: David Sánchez-Ortiz , Lucía Deiros-Bronte , Lucía De la Hoz-Marañón , Marta Feito-Rodríguez , Juvenal Rey-Lois , Diana Salas-Mera , Carlos Labrandero-De Lera , Juan Carlos López-Gutiérrez , Federico Gutiérrez-Larraya
Published: February 2025

Background

PHACE syndrome is an uncommon disorder, marked by large segmental hemangiomas on the face and various developmental anomalies. Significant advancements have been made in its diagnosis, imaging, and understanding of complications since 1996.

Case Summary

We describe the first diagnosis case of PHACE syndrome in a one-month and 19-day-old infant who presented with a large facial hemangioma and coarctation of the aorta originating from the left common carotid artery, along with an aberrant course of the right subclavian artery. The complementary diagnostic studies, their surgical correction, and their progression are described.

Discussion

Given the rarity of the syndrome (the PHACE Syndrome International Clinical Registry and Genetic Repository has over 270 enrolled individuals) and the importance of early diagnosis of some anomalies it comprises, particularly cardiovascular anomalies, dissemination is considered crucial for general and pediatric cardiologists.
Association between the neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with kidney stone risk: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Du Yuan-Zhuo , Yang Jia-Qing , Yao Ji-Ming , Zhang Chi-Teng , Liu Yi-Fu
Published: February 2025

Objective

Kidney stones are a major issue for public health worldwide. Discovering potential clues in identifying at-risk individuals is essential for early detection and timely treatment. This study explores the relationship of the neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) with the risk of kidney stones in U.S. adults.

Methods

The analysis involved 24,532 participants with available NHR and kidney stone data from the 2007–2018 NHANES period. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to quantify the relationship between NHR and kidney stone occurrence. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore variations in effect.

Results

A total of 2,351 participants (9.93%) were diagnosed with kidney stones, and their mean age was 47.20 ± 0.26 years. After full adjustment in the multivariable regression model, higher NHR levels were linked to a greater risk of kidney stones (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08, P = 0.002). Participants in the highest tertile of NHR had a 34% increased chance of kidney stone development compared to those in the lowest tertile. A nonlinear connection between NHR and kidney stone risk was identified using restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models. The relationship between NHR and kidney stone prevalence showed no significant variation across most subgroups (P for interaction > 0.05).

Conclusion

The results indicate that increased NHR is linked to a higher risk of kidney stones, with this relationship remaining consistent across various populations. NHR could be a useful biomarker for kidney stone risk, with key implications for early detection and individualized treatment.
Digital rural construction, resource mismatch, and rural land use efficiency
Authors: Fan Zhiguo , Guo Fenghua , Bian Chen
Published: February 2025

Introduction

With the acceleration of the allocation of agricultural resource elements in agricultural development, the relationship between digital rural construction and rural land use efficiency has become increasingly close.

Methods

In order to explore the impact and underlying mechanism of digital rural construction on rural land use efficiency, this paper constructs an evaluation system index for China's digital rural construction and uses the SBM-GML model to measure rural land use efficiency. Based on this, data from 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2022 are used to test it using fixed effects and mediation effects models.

Results

(1) The construction of digital rural areas can directly promote the improvement of rural land use efficiency. This conclusion still holds true after endogeneity and robustness tests. (2) Mechanism analysis shows that digital rural construction can alleviate the mismatch of land resources, capital resources, and labor resources, thereby indirectly promoting the improvement of rural land use efficiency. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the construction of digital rural areas has a more significant driving effect on the efficiency of rural land use in eastern and southern regions of China, as well as in major grain producing and selling areas.

Discussion

This article suggests continuing to promote the development strategy of digital rural construction, improving the problem of resource mismatch, and paying attention to the regional imbalance of digital rural construction. It is necessary to maintain the leading position of “first mover advantage” areas and also pay attention to filling the gaps in “later mover advantage” areas, in order to comprehensively promote the further improvement of rural land use efficiency.
A theory of change to improve conservation outcomes through CITES
Authors: Challender Daniel W. S. , ’t Sas-Rolfes Michael , Broad Steven , Milner-Gulland E. J.
Published: February 2025

Understanding the effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) is critical to addressing international environmental issues. Here we articulate the implied theory of change (ToC) underpinning the design and operation of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), based on an analysis of the Convention’s documented evolution. We use this as a framework to critically evaluate the effectiveness of the Convention, with respect to its stated aims, using a range of theoretical and empirical insights. Although achieving success in various ways, CITES is proving ineffective at deterring illegal and/or unsustainable exploitation of many listed species for international trade, which we attribute to implementation and compliance issues and the Convention’s design, including a principal focus on deterrence through state-led law enforcement. Informed by this analysis we develop a modified ToC which could support more effective implementation of CITES. This ToC is intended for application at the species level and incorporates an in-depth examination of the social-ecological systems (SESs) within which species are harvested, used, and traded. This species-system ToC explicitly considers formal and informal institutions, and the use of institutional diagnostics to inform potential revisions to institutional arrangements along supply chains. We argue that taking this approach when considering whether and how to implement trade measures under CITES could enhance the effectiveness of these measures in reducing overexploitation and support legal, traceable, and more ecologically and socially sustainable international trade in wild species. Finally, we highlight the role that CITES could play in the broader global biodiversity governance regime; better alignment with other relevant MEAs could lead to more effective biodiversity conservation overall.
Hypoxia-driven mobilization of altruistic cancer stem cells in platinum-treated head and neck cancer
Authors: Pathak Lekhika , Pal Bidisha , Talukdar Joyeeta , Saikia Partha Jyoti , Sandhya Sorra , Tasabehji Wale , Li Hong , Phukan Jyotirmoy , Bhuyan Anjan , Patra Sanjukta , Das Bikul
Published: February 2025

Background

Head and neck cancers harbor dormant cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study explores how platinum therapy impacts these cells in a non-genetic manner and the role of hypoxia in this process. Previously, we identified a novel population of CSCs exhibiting an “altruistic” phenotype, sacrificing self-renewal to promote niche defense (tumor stemness defense, TSD), potentially protecting a dormant subpopulation of CSCs, the reawakening CSC (R-CSC) retaining stress memory. This TSD phenotype involves the activation of the MYC-HIF2α pathway and, importantly, is linked to a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. We termed these TSD+ CSCs “altruistic cancer stem cells” (A-CSCs). Here we investigated the potential role of tumor hypoxia in the mobilization of TSD+ CSCs to the circulation as a part of niche defense against platinum therapy.

Methods

We isolated CTCs and primary tumor cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients undergoing platinum therapy (n = 14). We analyzed the TSD phenotype and markers of hypoxia in these cells. Additionally, we further characterized a previously reported pre-clinical model of platinum-induced tumor stemness to study the link between hypoxia, TSD+ CSC emergence, and mobilization to the circulation and bone marrow.

Results

We isolated TSD+ CTCs with a hypoxic signature from eight out of 14 HNSCC patients. These cells displayed increased proliferation and invasion upon cisplatin treatment, suggesting a role in niche defense. Our pre-clinical model confirmed that hypoxia directly correlates with the expansion of TSD+ CSCs and their mobilization into the circulation and bone marrow following cisplatin treatment. We demonstrated the protection of R-CSCs by TSD+ CSCs. Notably, inhibiting hypoxia alone with tirapazamine did not reduce TSD+ CSCs, CTCs, or R-CSCs. However, combining tirapazamine with FM19G11, a MYC-HIF2α pathway inhibitor, significantly reduced the platinum-induced expansion of both TSD+ CSCs, CTCs, and the presence of R-CSCs in the bone marrow.

Conclusions

This study reveals that HNSCC patients undergoing platinum therapy can harbor TSD+ CTCs exhibiting an altruistic phenotype and a hypoxic signature. Additionally, the pre-clinical study provides a novel non-genetic mechanism of therapy resistance-the altruistic tumor self-defense. The tumor microenvironment, through the emergence of TSD+ CSCs, appears to act collectively to defend the tumor self-identity by hijacking an altruistic stem cell niche defense mechanism.
Cyclophilin–CD147 interaction enables SARS-CoV-2 infection of human monocytes and their activation via Toll-like receptors 7 and 8
Authors: Tajti Gabor , Gebetsberger Laura , Pamlitschka Gregor , Aigner-Radakovics Katharina , Leitner Judith , Steinberger Peter , Stockinger Hannes , Ohradanova-Repic Anna
Published: February 2025

Monocytes and macrophages, as important constituents of the innate immune system, are equipped with multiple Toll-like-receptors (TLRs) to recognize invading pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, and mount an antiviral response. Nevertheless, their uncontrolled activation can lead to hyperinflammation seen in severe COVID-19. Surprisingly, we observed that recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins triggered only a weak proinflammatory response in human peripheral blood monocytes. By employing THP-1 and Jurkat NF-κB::eGFP reporter cell lines expressing specific TLRs, various TLR ligands and blocking antibodies, we determined that surface TLRs, including TLR2/1, TLR2/6 and TLR4 do not play a major role in SARS-CoV-2 sensing. However, monocytes are potently activated by the replication-competent SARS-CoV-2, and the response correlates with the viral uptake that is observed only in monocytes, but not in lymphocytes. We show that monocyte activation involves two distinct steps. Firstly, SARS-CoV-2 infects monocytes in a process independent of the S protein and the prime SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Instead, the alternative SARS-CoV-2 receptor CD147, which is highly expressed on monocytes, recognizes its well-known interaction partners cyclophilins A and B that are incorporated into SARS-CoV-2 virions. Secondly, upon viral uptake via the cyclophilin-CD147 interaction, that can be inhibited by specific CD147 blocking antibodies or competition with recombinant human cyclophilin A and B, SARS-CoV-2 RNA is recognized by TLR7/8 in endosomes, leading to upregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, comprising the core hyperinflammatory signature. Taken together, our data reveal a novel mechanism how human monocytes sense SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that targeting the cyclophilin-CD147 axis might be beneficial to alleviate overt myeloid-driven inflammation triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Management of tuberculosis risk, screening and preventive therapy in patients with chronic autoimmune arthritis undergoing biotechnological and targeted immunosuppressive agents
Authors: Picchianti-Diamanti Andrea , Aiello Alessandra , De Lorenzo Chiara , Migliori Giovanni Battista , Goletti Delia
Published: February 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death in the world from an infectious disease. Its etiologic agent, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a slow-growing bacterium that has coexisted in humans for thousands of years. According to the World Health Organization, 10.6 million new cases of TB and over 1 million deaths were reported in 2022. It is widely recognized that patients affected by chronic autoimmune arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have an increased incidence rate of TB disease compared to the general population. As conceivable, the risk is associated with age ≥65 years and is higher in endemic regions, but immunosuppressive therapy plays a pivotal role. Several systematic reviews have analysed the impact of anti-TNF-α agents on the risk of TB in patients with chronic autoimmune arthritis, as well as for other biologic disease-modifying immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) such as rituximab, abatacept, tocilizumab, ustekinumab, and secukinumab. However, the data are less robust compared to those available with TNF-α inhibitors. Conversely, data on anti-IL23 agents and JAK inhibitors (JAK-i), which have been more recently introduced for the treatment of RA and PsA/AS, are limited. TB screening and preventive therapy are recommended in Mtb-infected patients undergoing bDMARDs and targeted synthetic (ts)DMARDs. In this review, we evaluate the current evidence from randomized clinical trials, long-term extension studies, and real-life studies regarding the risk of TB in patients with RA, PsA, and AS treated with bDMARDs and tsDMARDs. According to the current evidence, TNF-α inhibitors carry the greatest risk of TB progression among bDMARDs and tsDMARDs, such as JAK inhibitors and anti-IL-6R agents. The management of TB screening and the updated preventive therapy are reported.
Resveratrol contributes to NK cell-mediated breast cancer cytotoxicity by upregulating ULBP2 through miR-17-5p downmodulation and activation of MINK1/JNK/c-Jun signaling
Authors: Ding Bisha , Li Jie , Yan Jia-Lin , Jiang Chun-Yan , Qian Ling-Bo , Pan Jie
Published: February 2025

Backgrounds

Natural killer (NK) cell mediated cytotoxicity is a crucial form of anti-cancer immune response. Natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) is a prominent activating receptor of NK cell. UL16-binding protein 2 (ULBP2), always expressed or elevated on cancer cells, functions as a key NKG2D ligand. ULBP2-NKG2D ligation initiates NK cell activation and subsequent targeted elimination of cancer cells. Enhanced expression of ULBP2 on cancer cells leads to more efficient elimination of these cells by NK cells. Resveratrol (RES) is known for its multiple health benefits, while current understanding of its role in regulating cancer immunogenicity remains limited. This study aims to investigate how RES affects the expression of ULBP2 and the sensitivity of breast cancer (BC) cells to NK cell cytotoxicity, along with the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

The effects of RES on ULBP2 expression were detected with qRT-PCR, western blot, flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry. The effects of RES on sensitivity of BC cells to NK cell cytotoxicity were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The target gene of miR-17-5p were predicted with different algorithms from five databases and further confirmed with dual-luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression and knockdown experiments of miR-17-5p and MINK1 were conducted to investigate their roles in regulating ULBP2 expression and subsequent JNK/c-Jun activation. The JNK inhibitor sp600125 was utilized to elucidate the specific role of JNK in modulating ULBP2 expression.

Results

RES increased ULBP2 expression on BC cells, thereby augmenting their vulnerability to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. RES administration led to a reduction in cellular miR-17-5p level. MiR-17-5p negatively regulated ULBP2 expression. Specifically, miR-17-5p directly targeted MINK1, leading to its suppression. MINK1 played a role in facilitating the activation of JNK and its downstream effector, c-Jun. Furthermore, treatment with sp600125, a JNK inhibitor, resulted in the suppression of ULBP2 expression.

Conclusions：

RES potentiates ULBP2-mediated immune eradication of BC cells by NK cells through the downregulation of miR-17-5p and concurrent activation of the MINK1/JNK/c-Jun cascade. This finding identifies RES as a potentially effective therapeutic agent for inhibiting BC progression and optimizing NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
Assessing and monitoring clinical practice of undergraduate nursing students: a middle eastern context
Authors: Mohamed Shehnaaz , Sinnasamy Nganga , Ansar Sumayya , LaRiviere Meagan
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an innovative Weekly Clinical Skills Progress (WCSP) tool to support the assessment of undergraduate nursing students in their clinical placements. The WCSP tool was implemented at the University of Calgary in Qatar (UCQ) Nursing Program in Spring 2024 to address inconsistencies in assessment documentation related to the absence of clearly defined proficiency levels in clinical courses. The UCQ clinical faculty trialed the newly developed WCSP tool on eighty-seven third-year nursing students enrolled in the clinical course Nursing Practice for High Acuity and Chronic Conditions. These students were divided into 11 groups, each consisting of six to seven members per instructor, and were placed in various medical-surgical clinical sites throughout Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) in Qatar. During the course implementation and following, feedback from faculty, students and buddy nurses indicated the WCSP tool clarified the clinical goals, enabled consensus on clinical proficiency levels according to the course outline, and assessments were more consistent. Though the WCSP tool is still being refined, and more qualitative and quantitative research is needed, this paper contributes valuable preliminary results and recommendations that benefit nursing programs worldwide.
A review of microcredentials in health professions continuing professional development
Authors: Womack-Adams Kelly , Morbitzer Kathryn A. , Ondek Christine , Collins Heidi , McLaughlin Jacqueline E.
Published: February 2025

Microcredentials are an emergent tool to support knowledge and skill development. Despite their growing popularity in medical education – and higher education more broadly – it is unclear how these strategies have been utilized to support continuing professional development in the health professions. A rapid systematic review was conducted to explore the current relevant literature due to the timely and evolving nature of microcredentials. PubMed, Embase, and ERIC were used for the article search. Of the 290 relevant articles found from the searches, a total of 11 articles were included after abstract and full-text screenings. All articles used in this review were published within the past 10 years. Microcredentials were used across various professions, covered a wide range of topics, and employed various teaching strategies. The definitions used for key terms like microcredential were inconsistent across articles.
Terroir and farming practices drive arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in French vineyards
Authors: Battie-Laclau Patricia , Taudière Adrien , Bernard Mathilde , Bodénan Lucas , Duchemin Myriam , de Roman Yvan , Yol Azimê , Barry-Etienne Dominique
Published: February 2025

Background

Nature-based management of vineyards is at the heart of a sustainable development for the next decades. Although much is known about grapevine benefits from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), little is known about the influence of vineyard terroir and farming practices on AMF communities.

Methods

We examined the relative effect of wine terroir and agricultural practices (organic, conversion, and conventional) on AMF abundance and diversity across 75 vineyards distributed over 14 wine terroirs in 6 winegrowing regions in France. We estimate AMF abundance by measuring spore density and root mycorrhization rates, and characterize AMF communities composition using metabarcoding by sampling both root and spore compartments for each vineyard.

Results

Organic farming slightly increases AMF abundance (spore density and mycorrhization rate). Vineyards under conversion and using organic practices display a higher AMF diversity than conventional ones. Terroirs vary widely in terms of AMF abundance and diversity, with the median of OTUs count per sample ranging from 9 (Côte des Blancs) to 35 (Gigondas). The composition of AMF communities is structured mainly by terroir and in a lesser extent by practice. The effect of terroir on AMF communities is partially explained by distance decay and soil properties, but the majority of variation is still explained only by the terroir identity. Organic practices improve both abundance and diversity of AMF in vineyards, possibly leading to more productivity and resilience of grapevines.

Conclusion

This large-scale study highlights the importance of terroir in our understanding of vineyard microbiome and paves the way to incorporation of AMF in microbial terroir studies and applications.