bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the performance of ground-coupled heat exchanger technology for tempering air
Authors: GOOROOCHURN Mahendra , MUNGUR Maheshsingh , SHAMACHURN Heman , SURNAM Yashwansingh , MANDARKHAN Fardeen , BHOODOO Devin
Published: June 2022

A horizontal ground heat exchanger has been applied as a simpler sustainability measure in buildings compared to its vertical counterpart, making it more suitable for residential application. A lack of contextual scientific findings within the specific construction culture has precluded its widespread application in the developing world. In this study, an experimental and simulation investigation was carried out on the thermal performance of an air-based horizontal ground-coupled heat exchanger buried 3 m below the ground. The study was performed in the tropical climate of Mauritius with a focus on space cooling. The ground temperature and air temperature inside the pipeline at several locations of the installation was measured. A CFD simulation model was developed and calibrated against the experimental data, which allowed further analyses on the influence of system parameters on performance. The study allowed to confirm the performance of the technology for application as a sustainability measure in the local construction industry and to identify practical challenge that need to be addressed. A drop in temperature of up to 5C was achieved at 2.3 m/s and 8C at 4 m/s. The latter result holds promise to achieve thermal comfort by achieving indoor air temperature of 27 C or lower when ambient air is at 33-34C during typical summer periods.
The simulation of a new high frequency transformer
Authors: HATEM Sude , KURT Erol
Published: June 2022

Core losses of transformers motivate many engineers and scientists to design and implement different transformers for their specific aims. Since there exists a growing interest on high frequency applications in today’s world, design and optimization studies of a magnetic fluid core transformer (MFCT), having an easy and cheap production approach in high frequency applications, are considered in the present paper. The desired design should operate in a more efficient way within a wide frequency band. The MFCT considered here can be a solution to the eddy currents and core losses encountered in the conventional transformers with its low conductivity, oil-based magnetic fluid and super paramagnetic characteristic. The magnetic fluid in the proposed work consists of a combination of ferromagnetic particles made by iron in an averaged diameter of 70 µm with an adjustable magnetism compared to the traditional magnetic fluids and an engine oil, thereby the magnetic permeability of the overall fluid core can be fully adjustable by the variation of mass proportion between the oil and iron powder as an easy process without any chemical process. A COMSOL Multi-Physics design is performed via a finite element package in three dimensions. It is proven that the iron particles exhibit a complicated pattern inside the engine oil and produce a well-defined high frequency output at the secondary windings in a wide range of frequency.
Internet Plus University and College Foreign Language Teaching Reform
Authors: Meng Qingli
Published: June 2022

The “Internet Plus” on-line plateforms provide many innovative approach to learning; but providing convenient college education on-line also poses many new challenges that have not been explored. Some of these educational challenges are explored in the development of an innovative foreign language teaching program in China Universities. Foreign language education networks can be designed on “Internet Plus” platforms to enhance teachers' teaching capabilities. Using "Internet Plus" plateforms is key to foreign language teaching reform in colleges and universities.
Early versus late diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Putu Dianisa Rosari Dewi  , Eka Gunawijaya  , Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie
Published: June 2022

Background: Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) remains significant clinical and public health challenge. Risk of morbidity and mortality in CCHD increases when there is a delay in diagnosis and referral to a tertiary center with expertise in treating these patients. In the last few years, pulse oximetry screening for CCHD in newborns has been added to the list of recommended uniform screening panels and advocated by several health-care authorities. Early detection of CCHD by using pulse oxymetry was recommended by American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology to improve early identification of infants with CCHD. Objective: To describe early versus late diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) at single tertiary center. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in Sanglah Hospital, Bali. Data collected from medical records. Early diagnosis defined as diagnosis which made during prenatal examination or before birth hospital dischare. Late diagnosis defined as diagnosis which made after birth hospital discharge, after 3 days of birth, or even at death. Diagnosis of CCHD was retrieved based on echocardiography examination. Results: From June 2016 to February2020 we found 86 CCHD cases which were tetralogy of Fallot (41 cases), pulmonary atresia (15 cases), transposition of great arteries (14 cases), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (4 cases), tricuspid atresia (3 cases), truncus arteriosus (3 cases), and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (1 case). Only 26% cases of children with CCHD were diagnosed early, mostly came with chief complaint bluish appearance. Range of oxygen saturation at diagnosis varied from 51-90%. Among cases with late diagnosis, the most common defect was tetralogy of Fallot. Most late diagnosed CCHD came because of referral from other hospitals or pediatricians. Conclusion: The rate of delayed CCHD diagnosis still occurs in 74%. Factors that might be contribute to late CCHD diagnosis include certain CCHD types, nontertiary hospital nursery and absence of clinical findings.
Correlation between dynamic balance ability and lower limb muscle strength of university students
Authors: Hongshuai Leng, Xingyu Shi  , Huihui Wang  , Aochuan Xue  , Longmin Meng  , Zhaohong Zeng  , Xianjun Zha
Published: June 2022

Objective: To study the correlation between dynamic balance ability and lower limb muscle strength of university students. Methods: 50 students of Zunyi Medical University (23 boys and 27 girls) were selected as the subjects. The dynamic balance ability of university students was tested by the YBT test system. Isokinetic muscle strength tester tests knee flexion and extension muscle strength under different angular velocity conditions. Results: 1) At different angular velocities, there was a moderate positive correlation between knee flexion and extension muscle strength and YBT reaching all directions. Only when the angular velocity was set to 200° / s, there was a low positive correlation between knee flexion muscle strength and the front side of the YBT test. 2) There is a more significant correlation between the maximum distance of each direction of dynamic balance and the peak torque of knee extensor than that of flexor. Research conclusions: For university students, there is a significant indigenous correlation between the directions of YBT arrival, and the correlation between the posterolateral and the posterolateral is stronger. The stronger the lower limb muscle strength is, the better the dynamic balance ability is, and the correlation between dynamic ability and knee extensor muscle strength is higher, which may be related to the fact that knee flexion control balance can more effectively activate knee extensor muscle group. University students generally have bilateral asymmetry of the lower limbs.
IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTER MORFOLOGI TURPEPEL (Cuora amboinensis) DI SUNGAI WAIMAMOKANG, DESA HALONG PULAU AMBON
Authors: Silahooy Veince Benjamin , Huwae Laury Marcia Chara
Published: June 2022

C. amboinensis dalam Bahasa lokal Maluku disebut Turpepel, sering dilaporkan kemunculannya di hutan sepanjang DAS waimamokang Desa Halong. Penurunan populasi hingga 50-80% dalam 20 tahun terakhir mengakibatkan perlu evualuasi kembali dan hasilnya menempatkan spesies ini masuk dalam kategori konservasi lebih tinggi yaitu Endangered (EN). Analisa data dilakukan secara deskripif dengan melakukan pengukuran langsung pada karapas, plastron, kepala, kaki dan massa dari setiap individu. Deskriptif karakter morfologi dijelaskan secara akurat sesuai dengan fakta yang ditemukan di lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan 7 individu Turpepel (C. amboinensis) dimana 6 diantaranya berkelamin jantan dan 1 berkelamin betina. Karapas tersusun atas lempengan yang keras berbentuk segi enam yang simetris vertikal. Plastron dapat digerakan terutama pada bagian yang dekat dengan kepala dan ekor. Seluruh bagian kepala dapat disembunyikan, dan tidak ada perbedaan yang terlalu signifikan antara panjang dan lebar pada kaki depan dan kaki belakang
An EMG Case Report with Shoulder Injury Presenting with Isolated High Ulnar Neuropathy
Authors: Turkmen Nur , Yuruten Corbacioglu Betigul , Guney Figen
Published: June 2022

Ulnar tuzak nöropatiler en sık dirsekte görülür. Ulnar sinir tuzaklanması en sık dirsekte görülmekle birlikte, farklı etiyolojiler ulnar nöropatilerin oluşumunda yer alır C5 ve T1 spinal sinirlerin anterior ramuslarından oluşan Brakiyal pleksus, üst ekstremite kaslarını inerve eder. Brakiyal pleksusun medial kordundan oluşan ulnar sinir, liflerini C8 ve T1 köklerinden alır. Ulnar nöropatilerin tanısı önemli ölçüde elektromyografi bulgularına dayanır. Ulnar tuzak nöropatiler sırayla dirsek, bilek ve elde görülür. Nadiren, aksilla seviyesinde bir lezyona bağlı olarak da hasarlanabilir.
Burada omuz lezyonu sonrasında elin ulnar kısmında duyu ve motor kayıpla prezente olan nadir bir olguyu bildirdik. Bu olgunun bildirilme amacı, brakiyal pleksustan çıkan sinirlerin literatür bilgisi dışında izlenebilen hassasiyetine dikkat çekmekle beraber, periferik sinir hasarı bulgularıyla başvuran hastaların değerlendirilmesinde ayırıcı tanıları kapsayan detaylı anatomik yapı ve varyasyonlarına ait bilginin önemini hatırlatmaktır.
Evaluation of Lateral Hypothalamic Area Catecholamine Levels Following Intravenous Glucose Administration by Microdialysis Method in Rats
Authors: Solak Hatice , Solak Gormus zulfikare isik , Ozen Raviye
Published: June 2022

Amaç: Lateral hipotalamik alanda (LHA) intravenöz glukoz uygulanmasının noradrenalin, dopamin ve metabolitleri olan dihidroksi fenil glikol (DHPG)- dihidroksifenilasetik asit (DOPAC) düzeylerine etkilerinin beyin mikrodiyaliz yöntemi ile araştırılması amaçlandı.
Gereçler ve Yöntem: Normal beslenen 2 grup ve 24 saat besin alımı kısıtlanan 2 grup (serum fizyolojik ve glikoz uygulanan) yetişkin erkek Wistar albino sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlara anestezi altında LHA'da mikrodiyaliz işlemleri yapıldı ve örnekler 20’şer dakikalık sürelerde toplandı. İlk örnekler kontrol olarak kaydedildikten sonra, kontrol gruplarına serum fizyolojik, glikoz gruplarına %50’lik glikoz çözeltisi 1.4ml/ kg dozunda intravenöz yolla uygulandı. Sonraki 40 dakika boyunca örnekler toplanarak HPLC-ECD sisteminde analiz edildi. İstatiksel değerlendirme için tek yönlü ANOVA kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Başlangıçta noradrenalin konsantrasyonu, aç sıçanlarda tok olanlara göre daha yüksek bulunurken 20. dakikadaki noradrenalin seviyeleri tok ve aç grupta kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak azaldı (p=0.01). 40. dakika noradrenalin değerlerinde ve dopamin-DHPG-DOPAC seviyeleri ile kontrol seviyeleri karşılaştırılmasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark elde edilmedi.
Sonuç: Sistemik glukoz uygulaması aç ve tok sıçanlarda LHA noradrenalin konsantrasyonunu azaltmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre LHA'daki noradrenerjik nörotransmisyon, plazma glukozu ile modüle edilebilir.
PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR TEMATIK MELALUI MEDIA POWERPOINT SISWA KELAS V SEMESTER GENAP SDN JEMUR
Authors: Sudiono  , Suratman  , Handayani Mrih , Hidayat Rosidah Aliim
Published: June 2022

Berdasarkan observasi aktivitas siswa yang pasif mengikuti proses pembelajaran dan kurangnya variasi guru dalam menggunakan media mempengaruhi rendahnya prestasi belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa pada pembelajaran tematik dengan menggunakan media powerpoint. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dilaksanakan dua siklus. Setiap siklusnya terdiri dari dua pembelajaran. Satu siklus terdiri dari 4 kegiatan yaitu tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah kelas V SDN Jemur dengan jumlah 20 siswa terdiri dari 12 siswa laki-laki dan 8 siswi perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis dekskriptif. Hasil penelitian prestasi belajar pada Post Test Siklus I rata-rata ketuntasan diperoleh yaitu 60% sebanyak 12 siswa melebihi KKM. Pada siklus II rata-rata ketuntusan Post Test adalah 90% sebanyak 18 siswa melebihi KKM. Dapat dibuktikan bahwa adanya peningkatan persentase dari siklus I dan siklus II yaitu 30%. Pada siklus II rata-rata ketuntasan 90% melebihi indikator keberhasilan yaitu 75%. Kata kunci: powerpoint, prestasi belajar, tematik
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS DESKRIPSI MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL PADA SISWA KELAS III SD NEGERI TAMANAN 1 KALASAN
Authors: Retnoningsih Ririh Rahayu , Zulfiati Heri Maria , Prayitno Teguh Heru
Published: June 2022

Pembelajaran menulis deskripsi di sekolah dasar masih tergolong rendah. Siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam mengungkapkan pendapat dan gagasannya ke dalam tulisan deskriptif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah upaya meningkatkan kemampuan menulis deskripsi menggunakan media audio visual pada siswa kelas III SD Negeri Tamanan 1 Kalasan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Tamanan 1 Kecamatan Kalasan Kabupaten Sleman. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 29 siswa yang terdiri dari 14 siswa laki-laki dan 15 siswa perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan rubrik penilaian kinerja, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis hasil tes dan analisis data observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan media audio visual dapat meningkatkan proses pembelajaran menulis deskripsi. Peningkatan kemampuan menulis deskripsi dapat dilihat dari nilai rata-rata keterampilan menulis deskriptif siswa pada pra tindakan sebesar 54,65 menjadi 66,18 dengan persentase keberhasilan 41% atau sebanyak 12 siswa pada siklus I, dan pada siklus I. siklus II nilai rata-rata keterampilan menulis deskriptif siswa meningkat sebesar 74,69 dengan keberhasilan penyajian 75,86% atau sebanyak 22 siswa. Persentase ini telah memenuhi indikator keberhasilan dalam penelitian. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat dilanjutkan dan dikembangkan agar lebih baik dan bermanfaat bagi dunia pendidikan khususnya dunia pendidikan sekolah dasar.

Kata Kunci: kemampuan menulis; menulis deskripsi; media audiovisual; Bahasa Indo.
Evaluando el riesgo de fracasar con el tratamiento con cánula nasal de alto flujo en insuficiencia respiratoria por SARS COV2. Utilidad del Índice de ROX
Authors: Hincapié Díaz Gustavo Adolfo
Published: June 2022

El tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria hipoxémica, con oxigenación mediante cánula nasal de alto flujo CNAF, tiene muchas ventajas. El sistema de humidificación caliente mejora la función mucociliar y la movilización de secreciones. En segundo lugar, el alto flujo logrado por la cánula nasal, puede mejorar la oxigenación, generar una presión positiva de bajo nivel, (efecto PEEP) en las vías respiratorias, reducir la frecuencia respiratoria, atenuar la resistencia inspiratoria y asegurar una FiO2 constante. Tercero, la CNAF permite que el paciente se alimente por vía oral, hable y tosa, lo que hace que sea mucho más cómodo que la oxigenación por mascara (1). Por último, no aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones propias de la ventilación mecánica invasiva, como la neumonía, barotrauma o traqueítis.
Einer von 17,5 Millionen
Authors: Schreiber Daniel , Valldorf Jörn
Published: June 2022

Laut einer Statistik leben in Deutschland 17,5 Millionen Menschen allein. Einer davon ist Daniel Schreiber. Der Berliner Autor hat ein von der Kritik hoch gelobtes Essay über das Alleinsein geschrieben. Dabei verwebt er mit Leichtigkeit persönliche Erlebnisse mit den großen philosophischen Fragen rund ums Alleinsein und räumt mit dem Vorurteil auf, dass nur ein Leben zu zweit erstrebenswert ist.
Vater und Sohn
Authors: Hopf Hans
Published: June 2022

Mit den Erschütterungen der männlichen Identität wurde auch die Rolle des Vaters infrage gestellt. Der ideale Vater ist ein liebevoller Versorger und ein aufmerksamer, auch grenzsetzender Beschützer. Von Geburt seines Kindes an übt er über die verschiedenen Altersstufen hinweg bedeutsame, sich verändernde distinktive Funktionen aus. Der Vater ist der Dritte im Bunde und unterscheidet sich durch sein andersartiges Spielverhalten von der Mutter. Mit einem psychisch präsenten Vater kann sich der Junge identifizieren und zur eigenen Identität finden.
Kann Fragen denn obszön sein?
Authors: Rohrbach Martina
Published: June 2022

Es gibt viele Bücher über Fragetechniken; über systemische, offene, geschlossene oder zirkulierende Fragen. Mit seiner kritischen Betrachtung hat der Schweizer Psychoanalytiker Aron Ronald Bodenheimer (1923–2011) das Fragen in seinem Buch Warum? Von der Obszönität des Fragens auf die Spitze getrieben. Fragen können erhellend, aber auch übergriffig, manipulativ und irreführend sein. Was können wir als Mediator*innen aus einer Gegenüberstellung der Herangehensweisen an das Fragen, Spiegeln, aktive Zuhören oder Reframen für Anregungen gewinnen?
Der praktische Fall
Authors: Rafi Anusheh
Published: June 2022

Florian Leitl, Mediator und Unternehmensberater in Österreich, hatte mir eine mir sehr sympathische und pragmatische Lösung vorgeschlagen, die ich allerdings übertragen auf das deutsche Recht für problematisch halte. Da es sich um Grundfragen der Rollenklarheit bei auch anwaltlich tätigen Mediator*innen handelt, wird seine Lösung mit einer auf das deutsche Recht bezogenen Stellungnahme veröffentlicht.
Umgang mit Konflikten im Berufsleben
Authors: Janssen Bettina
Published: June 2022

Junge Berufstätige und angehende Führungskräfte starten meist hochmotiviert in ihre neue Tätigkeit. Sie wollen ihr Fachwissen und Können unter Beweis stellen und Erfolge zeigen. Die Arbeitsrealität kann sich jedoch schon bald als sehr ernüchternd erweisen und deutlich von den Idealvorstellungen abweichen. (Nicht nur) Hektik, starke Belastungen und Frustrationen des Berufsalltags aufgrund von Krisen und Veränderungsprozessen lassen Konflikte und Widerstände entstehen, die ihnen schnell zu schaffen machen können. Ein Start kann dann schon einmal holprig werden, wenn man nicht ausreichend darauf vorbereitet ist, was auf einen zukommen kann.
The Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome (Clinical lecture)
Authors: Zhuk S.I. , Shchurevska O.D.
Published: June 2022

The article highlights the problem of fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) in modern conditions. This term has been introduced into the clinical practice to describe the systemic activation of the innate or acquired immune system of the fetus. FIRS can occur in response to infection or inflammation and is divided into two types depending on the type of immune response. FIRS I and II types are different clinical syndromes and correspond to acute and chronic inflammatory processes.The main pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features of different variants of FIRS are described. Fetuses with this syndrome have signs of multiorgan damage. The consequences of FIRS are a high rate of complications in newborns: sepsis, congenital pneumonia, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, cerebral palsy, neurosensory deafness, necrotic enterocolitis and others. The detailed description of fetal organs and systems damage by FIRS is presented. In further life, such children are at risk of long-term complications. This syndrome can also be the cause of unexplained antenatal fetal death.Laboratory diagnostic criteria for FIRS type I include elevated levels of interleukin-6 and acute phase reagents. Histologically there are the signs of funiculitis or chorionic vasculitis.The marker of FIRS type II is the chemotactic chemokine CXCL10, which simulates maternal antifetal rejection.The article presents the basic mechanisms of the immune response in FIRS. In this type of pathology there are chronic inflammatory lesions of the placenta which are determined by histological study (chronic chorioamnionitis, vilitis of unknown etiology, chronic deciduitis).
Quality of life of women with a history of adenomyosis and papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Danilova A.O.
Published: June 2022

The objective: to assess the quality of life of women with a history of adenomyosis and papillary thyroid carcinoma (thyroid).Materials and methods. 124 women aged 24–45 years old were examined: the I group included 61 women with a history of adenomyosis and papillary thyroid carcinoma, and the II group included 63 women with adenomyosis and normal thyroid status. The severity of pelvic pain was assessed on a visual-analog scale (VAS) in the intermenstrual and menstrual periods. Quality of life of the persons was assessed on the basis of a non-specific quality of life questionnaire Short Form Health Status Survey (SF-36).Results. According to results of VAS there was no significant difference in the intensity of pain between patients of the I and II groups. The average intensity of pelvic pain in menstrual (6.9±0.76 cm in the I group and 6.7±0.79 cm – in the II one) and intermenstrual periods (5.9±1.0 and 5.5±0.85 cm, respectively) corresponded to the level of “severe pain”.Analysis of the results of the SF-36 questionnaire demonstrated a decrease in quality of life scales in patients of both groups. Despite the absence of a significant difference in the intensity of pain between women in both groups, the indicators of physical functioning scale (61.5±13.1 points in the I group and 78.50±8.2 points – II group; p<0.05), general health (21.8±11.2 and 48.2±12.0 points, respectively; p<0.05), vital activity (31.5±9.9 and 51.0±7.4 points; p<0.05), mental health (40.4±10.4 and 50.4±7.1 points; p<0.05) and integrated indicators of physical (37.3±5.5 and 41.4±4.3 points; p<0.05) and psychological components of patient health (32.6±5.3 and 36.9±7.5, points; p<0.05) in the I group were significantly lower compared to patients in the II group.Conclusions. The physical and psychological health of women with a history of adenomyosis and papillary thyroid carcinoma is influenced by a combination of factors, including clinical manifestations of adenomyosis and the effects of thyroid carcinogenesis, which lead to reduced physical and psychological functioning.
DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ’NÜN VARLIĞINA VE ETKİNLİĞİNE YÖNELTİLEN ELEŞTİRİLER: COVİD 19 PANDEMİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DURMUŞ Zeynal Abidin
Published: June 2022

Son dönemlerde küresel boyutta yaşanan askeri, siyasi, ekonomi ve sağlık alanlarındaki gelişmeler tüm ülkeleri olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu gelişmelerin olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirebilme noktasında uluslararası kuruluşlara, önemli görevler düşmektedir. Fakat son yıllarda gelinen noktada birçok konuda, başta Birleşmiş Milletler ve alt organları olmak üzere uluslararası örgütler, yapısı ve işleyişinden ötürü, ülkeler tarafından pasif olmakla eleştirilmekte ve reform söylemleri gündeme gelmektedir. Bu eleştirilerden nasibini alan uluslararası kuruluşlardan biri de Dünya Sağlık Örgütüdür. Özellikle Covid 19 salgınının tüm dünyayı, olumsuz etkilemesi bütün dikkatleri Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün üzerine çekmiştir. Bu makalede Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün işleyişi, etkinliği ve yapısına atıfta bulunularak, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün daha önceki salgınlarda göstermiş olduğu mücadele özetlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Makalenin devamında tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan Covid-19 salgın sürecinde, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün göstermiş olduğu çaba ve bu çabaya, ülkelerin göstermiş olduğu tepkiler anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Makalenin sonunda ise yaşanan tüm bu gelişmeler ışığında DSÖ’nün geleceğine yönelik reform söylemleri ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
An Artificial Neural Networks model for predicting patients’ mortality due to COVID-19 "CoviSurv2021"
Authors:   1Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Statistique et d'Economie Appliquée Pôle Universitaire de Koléa, Tipaza 42003, Algeria, HADDAD Fatima Z. , OUADAH Saliha , LEFILEF Lina ,   Université Mohammed Seddik Benyahia, BP 98 Ouled Aïssa, Jijel 18000, Algeria., BENBOURAS Mohammed A. ,   École Normale Supérieure d’Enseignement Technologique de Skikda (ENSET), Frères Boucetta city, Azzaba 21000, Skikda, Algeria
Published: June 2022

Introduction. COVID-19 is the pandemic of the century with the unusual circumstances it generated. Subsequently, there has been medical and human scarcity of resources leading to the health system collapse, especially in third world countries. Objective. To support the white army in grasping the pandemic behavior, several studies have pointed to the existence of patient-related factors affecting COVID-19 patients’ mortality-risk. In the current study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been employed to predict COVID-19 mortality. Material and methods. In particular, the modeling phase was done using a database of 684 samples collected from Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia Hospital of Jijel, with antecedent diseases and blood biomarkers data of patients. Firstly, 18 parameters were selected in the input layer based on the literature recommendation and expert medical team consultation. Furthermore, the optimal inputs have been modeled using the ANN, and their performance was assessed through four performance measures (sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy). Results. The comparative study proved the effectiveness of (18-12-2) model trained by Tansig transfer function, which displayed a higher performance in predicting COVID-19 mortality, compared to other models proposed in the literature. Afterward, the proposed optimal model was utilized to develop a GUI public interface by Matlab software. Conclusion. Finally, a reliable and easy-to-use graphical interface is generated in the current study dubbed “CoviSurv2021”. This latter will be very helpful for the medical staff to select priority patients who have upper urgency to be hospitalized, prioritize patients when the hospital is overcrowded, and gain time to provide the care needed.
henol analysis by HPLC-DAD, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of two species extracts of Pelargonium: P. graveolens and P. zonale
Authors:   1Laboratoire de Valorisation des Substances Naturelles, Université Djilali Bounaama, Khemis Miliana. Algérie. 2Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université Djilali Bounaama, Khemis Miliana. Algérie, HARZALLAH Amel A. , HACHAMA Kamel , KHADRAOUI ,Abdelkader
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Pelargonium graveolens is a well-known ethno-medicinal plant used in traditional medicine, whereas Pelargonium zonale has not been investigated thoroughly. Objective. This study was designed to quantify phenolic compounds in extracts of Pelargonium graveolens and Pelargonium zonale, evaluate their antioxidant activities, establish a method for assaying phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD, and determine the antimicrobial activity of these extracts. Material and methods. Aerial parts polyphenols were extracted with solvents of different polarities. Total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins were determined. Antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring free radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Agilent C18 with a linear gradient elution program was performed for chromatographic separation, and disk diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial activity. Results. Total polyphenols content ranged from 159.4 to 164.2 mg GAE/g, and that of total flavonoids from 26.92 to 63.68 mg QE/g. DPPH values of ethanol extracts reached IC50 = 91.84±0.1 μg/mL. HPLC method permitted to analyze and separate twelve phenolic compounds (Acacetin, apigenin, myrecitin, quercetin, catechin, naringin, hesperetin, galengine, flavone, tannic acid, vanillic acid, and α-tocopherol). Extracts showed moderate to strong antimicrobial activity against five strains withminimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.46 to 3.9 mg/mL. Conclusion. These results confirm richness of extracts by phenolic compounds, and are strongly correlated with DPPH values. In addition, the applied method is precise, and allows simultaneous determination of 12 phenolic compounds.
Beyond Race: Teacher-Student Fit in Urban Title I High Schools
Authors: Nakajima Tomoko
Published: June 2022

  

ABSTRACT

Although teachers of color (TOC) are often assumed to be better suited to serve students of color, little is known about how TOC navigate to such settings and what motivates them to stay. In this exploratory study, TOC in Los Angeles County high schools were interviewed about their career pathways, identities, and sense of fit. Participants were most driven to serve students with whom they shared compounded traits beyond race, like having the same ethnic/cultural identities and hometowns, and similar experiences with poverty. Additionally, TOC had to shed their own assumptions of congruence in order to grow in the profession.
Framing the TikTok 'war' in the New York Times, Times of India & China Daily
Authors: Yung Lok Yiu Carly
Published: June 2022

Chinese digital enterprises e.g., Baidu, Alibaba and ByteDance (known for Toutiao and TikTok) contribute greatly to the expansion of China’s global presence and influence as a digital powerhouse, adding a ‘social’ dimension to China’s soft power (Yu, 2019). China’s latest tool for cultivating soft power, TikTok, has been attracting much attention.

Unlike most research on social media as a country’s soft power toolkit, this research looks at TikTok not for its contents or the range of actors in communicating with foreign audiences; but rather as a technological company subjected to a ban in India and a potential ban in the US. To understand how the Sino-Indian and Sino-US disputes about TikTok are framed in news coverage and its potential relevance to China’s growing digital capabilities, the research conducts inductive frame analysis on TikTok dispute news coverage in leading national papers in the US (The New York Times), India (The Times of India) and in China’s global English language news outlet China Daily. 
An analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance with Moderating Role of Perceived Corruption: Evidence from Pakistan and Thailand
Authors: Bokhari Syed Asad Abbas
Published: June 2022

  

Abstract

Given the mixed findings on the direct relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance, researchers have strived to determine whether the relationship is context-dependent. This study examines whether perceived corruption measures such as institutional quality and law enforcement (IQLE) and internal compliance and ethical management (ICEM) moderate the relationship between CSR and financial performance by applying the corruption framework. The findings revealed that IQLE has a negative moderating impact on the positive relationship between CSR and financial performance. This study also discovered that ICEM, as a moderator, helps to strengthen the positive relationship between CSR and financial performance.
KOPERASI dan UMKM SEBAGAI BASIS EKONOMI RAKYAT
Authors: Annisa Nurul
Published: June 2022

Koperasi sendiri dan UMKM menjadi basis kekuatan ekonomi rakyat karena dalam kegiatan operasionalnya terdapat sikap saling bekerjasama, saling membantu dan gotong royong sehingga dengan keberadaanya mampu memberikan kontribusi yang positif terhadap kemajuan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat
BERPIKIR KREATIF DAN MENERAPKAN MANAJEMEN PEMASARAN BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Ramadhona Indah
Published: June 2022

Manajemen pemasaran bank merupakan kegiatan usaha untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginan para nasabahnya terhadap produk dan jasa perbankan, baik produk simpanan, pinjaman atau jasa-jasa perbankan lainnya dengan tujuan untuk memberikan kepuasan para nasabahnya. Lingkup manajemen pemasaran bank syariah melibatkan berbagai proses dalam tahapan pelaksaanaanya bank syariah harus mecari nasabah dan mengidentifikasi apa yang menjadi kebutuhan mereka, merancang produk dan jasa baik mutunya, menetapkan harga atas produk atau jasa tersebut, mempromosikan dan kemudian diberikan ke nasabah.Terdapat empat jenis prinsip dari bank syari’ah tersebut antara lain adalah Prinsip Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar, keadilan, amanah dan pertanggungjawaban, serta komunikatif
The Suicidality Scale Manual
Authors: Harris Keith M. , Wang Lu
Published: June 2022

The Suicidality Scale (SS) is a self-report, or administered, measure of current suicidality. It has been tested in community and clinical settings (where it can be used as self-report or clinician-administered). The SS was developed to meet clinical and research needs for more accurate assessments of current suicidality and risk of future suicidal behaviors.The development and psychometric details of the SS can be found in the original manuscript: Harris, K. M., Wang, L., Mu, G. M., Lu, Y., So, C., Zhang, W., Ma, J., Liu, K., Wang, W., Zhang, M. W., & Ho, R. C. (2022). Measuring the suicidal mind: The 'open source' Suicidality Scale, for adolescents and adults. Preprint DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/b4qutThe Suicidality Scale demonstrated high psychometric properties for adolescents (aged 13+ years) and adults. The SS was validated for use across ages (13 – 60+), genders (female, male, nonbinary+), urban – rural residency, ethnicity (white/European or others), native and non-native English speakers, those with or without a past suicide attempt, and those with or without a self-reported psychiatric diagnosis.
BUSINESS MODEL DESIGN; WHAT IS CUSTOMER INSIGHTS, IDEATION, AND PROTOTYPING?
Authors: Wenzano Putri Patricia , Poedjiono Nathaneal Felix , Saputra Adhimas Ito Delly
Published: June 2022

Isi studi ini diadopsi dari buku Osterwalder, A. and Pigneur, Y. (2010) Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Studi ini membahas mengenai pengertian dan contoh dari Customer Insights, Ideation, dan Prototyping
KEBIJAKAN PENDAPATAN DAN KEBIJAKAN BELANJA EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Rasti Ardina
Published: June 2022

Kebijakan pendapatan dan pengeluaran menurut ekonomi Islam diharapkan melaksanakan fungsi alokasi, distribusi dan stabilisasi dalam suatu negara yangmempunyai ciri khas tertentu dari nilai orientasi, dimensi etik dan sosial dalam pendapatan dan pengeluaran negara Islam.
Pengembangan Produk Bank Syariah
Authors: HIJRIANI
Published: June 2022

Bank syariah adalah bank yang beroperasi dengan tidak mengandalkan pada bunga. Bank Islam atau bisa disebut dengan Bank Tanpa Bunga, adalah lembaga keuangan/perbankan yang operasional dan produknya dikembangkan berlandaskan pada al-Qur’an dan Hadits Nabi SAW, dengan kata lain Bank Syariah adalah lembaga keuangan yang memiliki usaha pokok memberikan pembiayaan dan jasa-jasa lainnyadalam lalu lintas pembayaran serta peredaran uang yang pengoperasiannya disesuaikan dengan prinsip syariat Islam.Bank syariah dalam menjalankan usahanya tidak dapat dipisahkan dari konsep-konsep syariah yang mengatur produk dan operasionalnya. Konsep dasar syariah akan dijadikan pijakan dalam mengembangkan produk bank syariah. Bank islam atau di indonesia disebut bank syariah merupakan lembaga keuangan yang berfungsi memperlancar mekanisme ekonomi disektor riil melalui aktivitas kegiatan usaha (investasi, jual beli, atau lainnya) berdasarkan pesinsip syariah, yaitu aturan perjanjian berdasarkan hukum islam antara bank dan pihak lain untuk penyimpanan dana dan atau pembiayaan kegiatan usaha, atau kegiatan lainnya yang dinyatakan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Syariah.
Perbedaan Koperasi dengan Organisasi lainnya
Authors: Indah Ramadhona , Ramadhona Indah
Published: June 2022

Suatu badan usaha didefenisikan sebagai organisasi yang terstruktur dalam mengelola faktor-faktor produksi untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Salah satu karakteristik yang penting dari badan usaha adalah manajemen yang baik. Jika suatu badan usaha dikelola dengan baik dapat meningkatkan kinerja badan usaha dan akan meningkatkan nilai badan usaha bagi para pemegang saham. Ada beberapa bentuk badan usaha antara lain, Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN), Badan Usaha Milik Swasta (BUMS), Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD), dan Badan Usaha Campuran. Sedangkan pengertian koperasi berdasarkan pasal 1 undang-undang nomor 25 tahun 1992 tentang perkoperasian diberikan pengertian sebagai berikut “koperasi adalah badan usaha yang beranggotakan orang-orang atau badan hukum koperasi dengan berlandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip koperasi sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan atas asas kekeluargaan”. Adapun perbedaan koperasi dengan badan usaha lain yaitu, satu anggota dalam sebuah koperasi memiliki satu suara yang tidak dapat diwakilkan orang lain. Sementara dalam badan usaha lain, satu suara atau lebih dapat dimiliki oleh pemodal. Simpanan anggotan menjadi modal badan usaha lainnya diperoleh dari penjualan saham, perorangan, atau kelompok.
MENGIDENTIFIKASI SEGMEN PASAR DAN MEMILIH PASAR SASARAN
Authors: Ramadhona Indah
Published: June 2022

Sudah layaknyalah perusahaan memiliki Strategi Pemasarannya sendiri sebelum mereka menjalankan ataupun memasarkan produk atau jasanya.Strategi pemasaran yang dibuat hendaknya haruslah mempertimbangkan situasi dankeadaan perusahaan baik keadaan intern perusahaan itu sendiri atau lingkungan mikro perusahaan, maupun keadaan ekstern perusahaan atau yang dikenal dengan lingkungan makro perusahaan.Perusahaan yang berjaya dan mampu mempertahankan serta meningkatkan lagi penjulannya ditengah-tengah pesaingnya adalah perusahaan yang telah berhasil menetapkan strategi pemasarannya serta strategi bersaingnya dengan tepat.Adapun penentuan strategi bersaing hendaknya dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkankepada besar dan posisi masing-masing perusahaan dalam pasar. Karena perusahaan yang besar mungkin dapat menerapkan stretegi tertentu yang jelas tidak bisa dilakukan oleh perusahaan kecil. Demikian pula sebaliknya, bukanlah menjadi sesuatu hal yang jarang terjadi bahwa perusahaan kecil dengan strateginya sendiri mampu menghasilkan tingkat keuntungan yang sama atau bahkan lebih baik daripada perusahaan besar.Dengan memperhatikan dan mempertimbangkan semua hal diatas, maka dapat dipastikan perusahaan akan dapat menentukan dengan baik strategi pemasarannya serta strategi bersaingnya, untuk tetap maju dan berkembang di tengah-tengah persaingannya
Kebijakan moneter perspektif Islam
Authors: Gebhy
Published: June 2022

Dalam sistem moneter konvensional, instrumen yang dijadikan alat kebijakan moneter pada dasarnya ditunjukkan untuk mengendalikan uang beredar di masyarakat adalah bunga. Sementara dalam Islam tidak memperkenankan instrumen bunga eksis di pasar. Fokus kebijakan moneter Islam lebih tertuju pada pemeliharaan berputarnya sumber daya ekonomi. Dengan demikian, secara sederhana para regulator harus memastikan tersedianya usaha-usaha ekonomi dan produk keuangan syariah yang mampu menyerap potensi investasi masyarakat. Dengan begitu, waktu memegang uang oleh setiap pemilik dana akan ditekan seminimal mungkin, di mana waktu tersebut sebenarnya menghambat velocity.
Stories in the Mind? The Role of Story-Based Categorizations in Motion Classification.
Authors: Papenmeier Frank , Purcalla Arrufi Juan , Kirsch Alexandra
Published: June 2022

Categorization is a central concept for spatial representations in human cognition and artificial intelligence. With the present research, we aimed at building a bridge between those two research fields by asking whether motion categorizations designed in artificial intelligence can inform the psychological understanding of human perception and memory of motion scenes. We report the results of four experiments investigating the influence of Motion-RCC and Motion-OPRA_1 categorizations on human perception and memory. Participants viewed simple motion scenes and judged the similarity of transformed scenes with this reference scene. Those transformed scenes differed in none, one or both Motion-RCC and Motion-OPRA_1 categories. Importantly, we applied an equal absolute metric change to those transformed scenes. When the reference stimulus and transformed stimuli were visible at the same time (Experiments 1a and 1b: perception), both Motion-OPRA_1 and Motion-RCC influenced the similarity judgements, with a stronger influence of Motion-OPRA_1 than Motion-RCC. When the participants first memorized the reference stimulus and viewed the transformed stimuli after a short blank (Experiments 2a and 2b: memory), only Motion-OPRA_1 had marked influences on the similarity judgements. We conclude that human perception and short-term memory utilize some of the properties underlying those categorizations and given this link between human cognition and qualitative reasoning, we argue for a continued and close multidisciplinary approach to investigating the spatial representation of motion scenes.
Makalah Strategi Pengembangan Koperasi dan UMKM
Authors: Yusmiana Gusti
Published: June 2022

kebijakan pemerintah harus memberikan fondasi bagi UMKM untuk meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitifnya. Untuk meraih kesuksesan kompetitif, Porter sangat menekankan bahwa perusahaan dari suatu negara harus memiliki suatu keunggulan kompetitif dalam bentuk biaya rendah atau produk yang berbeda atau unik. Agar keunggulan yang dimiliki berlanjut, perusahaan harus dikelola secara efisien dan menyediakan produk dan jasa berkualitas tinggi.
Kebijakan Pendapatan dan Kebijakan Belanja Ekonomi Islam
Authors: FADHILLAH NUR
Published: June 2022

Kebijakan pendapatan dan pengeluaran menurut ekonomi Islam diharapkan melaksanakan fungsi alokasi, distribusi dan stabilisasi dalam suatu negara yang mempunyai ciri khas tertentu dari nilai orientasi, dimensi etik dan sosial dalam pendapatan dan pengeluarannegara Islam.
Kelembagaan dan Identitas Koperasi
Authors: Rahmadana
Published: June 2022

dipandang sebagai badan usaha yang paling baik untuk mendorong dan mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi kerakyatan. Sebelum lebih jauh, yang dimaksud “rakyat” di sini bukanlah definisi secara aritmetik atau statistik yaitu warga negara dalam suatu negara melainkan definisi sesuai dengan konsepsi politik (Swasono, 2002). Rakyat yang dimaksud adalah “common people” atau orang kebanyakan. Dengan demikian yang dimaksud dengan kepentingan rakyat adalah kepentingan publik bukannya rakyat sebagai orang seorang. Maka jelaslah bahwa meskipun Liem Sio Liong adalah warga negara Indonesia maka bisnis yang ia punya bukanlah kegiatan ekonomi rakyat melainkan ekonomi konglomerat. Dengan demikian bentuk usaha yang merupakan penjelmaan dari ekonomi rakyat adalah badan usaha dalam skala mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM). Untuk memperkuat diri dan kelompok dalam industrinya maka koperasi bisa dijadikan salah satu wadah yang tepat untuk itu.
PERBEDAAN KOPERASI DENGAN ORGANISASI LAINNYA
Authors: Maharani Whenny Amelya
Published: June 2022

Suatu badan usaha didefenisikan sebagai organisasi yang terstruktur dalam mengelola faktor-faktor produksi untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Salah satu karakteristik yang penting dari badan usaha adalah manajemen yang baik. Jika suatu badan usaha dikelola dengan baik dapat meningkatkan kinerja badan usaha dan akan meningkatkan nilai badan usaha bagi para pemegang saham. Ada beberapa bentuk badan usaha antara lain, Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN), Badan Usaha Milik Swasta (BUMS), Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD), dan Badan Usaha Campuran. Sedangkan pengertian koperasi berdasarkan pasal 1 undang-undang nomor 25 tahun 1992 tentang perkoperasian diberikan pengertian sebagai berikut “koperasi adalah badan usaha yang beranggotakan orang-orang atau badan hukum koperasi dengan berlandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip koperasi sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan atas asas kekeluargaan".
RESUME INSTRUMEN DAN KOMPONEN KEBIJAKAN FISKAL
Authors: Ananda Ahriana
Published: June 2022

Dalam Islam, kebijakan fiskal merupakan suatu kewajiban negara dan menjadi hak rakyat, sehingga kebijakan fiskal bukanlah semata-mata sebagai suatu kebutuhan untuk perbaikan ekonomi maupun untuk peningkatan kesejahteraan rakyat saja, akan tetapi lebih pada penciptaan mekanisme distribusi ekonomi yang adil.
PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Maharani Whenny Amelya
Published: June 2022

Bank syariah merupakan bank yang beroperasi sesuai dengan pinsip-prinsip syariah. Implementasi prinsip syariah inilah yang menjadi pembeda utama dengan bank konvensional.  Pada intinya prinsip  syariah tersebut mengacu kepada syariah Islam yang berpedoman utama kepada Al Quran dan Hadis. Prinsip-prinsip operasional bank syariah menjadi dasar beroperasinya bank syariah, yaitu dengan tidak mengenal konsep bunga uang dan tidak kalah pentingnya, yaitu untuk tujuan komersial Islam. Secara umum, setiap bank Islam dalam menjalankan usahanya mempunyai lima prinsip operasional yaitu (1) prinsip simpanan murni, (2) prinsip bagi hasil, (3) prinsip jual beli, (4) prinsip sewa, dan (5) prinsip jasa. Bank Syariah melakukan kegiatan operasinal perbankan dengan cara menghimpun dan menyalurkan dana masyarakat, sebagaimana halnya bank konvensional. dalam menghimpun dana, bank syariah menerima simpanan dalam bentuk giro, deposito berjangka, tabungan dan penerimaan dana lainnya, sedangkan dalam menyalurkan dana Bank Syariah juga melakukan kegiatan pembiayaan. Bagi Bank Syariah juga melakukan kegiatan perbankan sebagaimana yang ditetapkan bagi Bank Perkreditan Rakyat konvensional
KELEMBAGAAN DAN IDENTITAS KOPERASI
Authors: putri Aulia ananda
Published: June 2022

Koperasi sudah dikenal sejak lama oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Badan usaha yang menjalankan kegiatan usahanya berdasarkan atas asas kekeluargaan ini juga telah cukup banyak membantu meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat dan pembangunan nasional. Lembaga koperasi oleh banyak kalangan, diyakini sangat sesuai dengan budaya dan tata kehidupan bangsa Indonesia. Hatta (1954:6) menyatakan bahwa “koperasi didirikan sebagai persekutuan kaum yang lemah untuk membela keperluan hidupnya dengan ongkos semurah-murahnya, itulah yang dituju. Pada koperasi didahulukan keperluan bersama, bukan keuntungan”. Dari definisi tersebut bisa dilihat bahwa dalam koperasi setidak-tidaknya terdapat dua unsur yang yang saling berkaitan satu sama lain. Unsur pertama adalah unsur ekonomi, sedangkan unsur kedua adalah unsur sosial. Sebagai suatu bentuk perusahaan, koperasi berusaha memperjuangkan pemenuhan kebutuhan ekonomi para anggotanya secara efisien. Sedangkan sebagai perkumpulan orang, koperasi memiliki watak sosial. Keuntungan bukanlah tujuan utama koperasi. Sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Bung Hatta (1954:6), yang lebih diutamakan dalam koperasi adalah peningkatan kesejahteraan ekonomi para anggotanya. Koperasi memperjuangkan kebutuhan ekonomi para anggotanya dan memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan para anggotanya.
Pendampingan Aplikasi e-Learning pada guruguru bahasa inggris dalam proses belajar dan mengajar di Yayasan Insan Mandiri (YAPIM), Pondok Pesantren Assalam Manado, dan Almuhajirin Manado
Authors: halimah nur , Saini Fadhlan , Saud Indah Wardaty , Santoso Agung Budi
Published: June 2022

Kegiatan ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan layanan kepada Yayasan Insan Mandiri (YAPIM), Pondok Pesantren Assalam Manado, dan Almuhajirin Manado dalam meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris melalui beberapa apilkasi E-learning. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai adalah guru-guru yang ada disekolah tersebut mampu memberdayakan dan meningkatkan kemampuannya untuk menggunakan aplikasi E-learning khususnya pada muatan pelajaran Bahasa Inggris secara mandiri dan berkesinambungan.