bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of Cardiac Glycosides as senolytic compounds
Authors: Triana-Martínez Francisco , Picallos-Rabina Pilar , Da Silva-Álvarez Sabela , Pietrocola Federico , Llanos Susana , Rodilla Verónica , Soprano Enrica , Pedrosa Pablo , Ferreirós Alba , Barradas Marta , Hernández-González Fernanda , Lalinde Marta , Prats Neus , Bernadó Cristina , González Patricia , Gómez María , Ikonomopoulou Maria P. , Fernández-Marcos Pablo J. , García-Caballero Tomás , del Pino Pablo , Arribas Joaquín , Vidal Anxo , González-Barcia Miguel , Serrano Manuel , Loza María I. , Domínguez Eduardo , Collado Manuel
Published: October 2019

Compounds with specific cytotoxic activity in senescent cells, or senolytics, support the causal involvement of senescence in aging and offer therapeutic interventions. Here we report the identification of Cardiac Glycosides (CGs) as a family of compounds with senolytic activity. CGs, by targeting the Na+/K+ATPase pump, cause a disbalanced electrochemical gradient within the cell causing depolarization and acidification. Senescent cells present a slightly depolarized plasma membrane and higher concentrations of H+, making them more susceptible to the action of CGs. These vulnerabilities can be exploited for therapeutic purposes as evidenced by the in vivo eradication of tumors xenografted in mice after treatment with the combination of a senogenic and a senolytic drug. The senolytic effect of CGs is also effective in the elimination of senescence-induced lung fibrosis. This experimental approach allows the identification of compounds with senolytic activity that could potentially be used to develop effective treatments against age-related diseases.
Lighting the wick in the candle of learning: generating a prediction stimulates curiosity
Authors: Brod Garvin , Breitwieser Jasmin
Published: October 2019

Curiosity stimulates learning. We tested whether curiosity itself can be stimulated—not by extrinsic rewards but by an intrinsic desire to know whether a prediction holds true. Participants performed a numerical-facts learning task in which they had to generate either a prediction or an example before rating their curiosity and seeing the correct answer. More facts received high-curiosity ratings in the prediction condition, which indicates that generating predictions stimulated curiosity. In turn, high curiosity, compared with low curiosity, was associated with better memory for the correct answer. Concurrent pupillary data revealed that higher curiosity was associated with larger pupil dilation during anticipation of the correct answer. Pupil dilation was further enhanced when participants generated a prediction rather than an example, both during anticipation of the correct answer and in response to seeing it. These results suggest that generating a prediction stimulates curiosity by increasing the relevance of the knowledge gap.
Atrial Fibrillation Detection from Wrist Photoplethysmography Signals Using Smartwatches
Authors: Bashar Syed Khairul , Han Dong , Hajeb-Mohammadalipour Shirin , Ding Eric , Whitcomb Cody , McManus David D. , Chon Ki H.
Published: October 2019

Detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) from a wrist watch photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal is important because the wrist watch form factor enables long term continuous monitoring of arrhythmia in an easy and non-invasive manner. We have developed a novel method not only to detect AF from a smart wrist watch PPG signal, but also to determine whether the recorded PPG signal is corrupted by motion artifacts or not. We detect motion and noise artifacts based on the accelerometer signal and variable frequency complex demodulation based time-frequency analysis of the PPG signal. After that, we use the root mean square of successive differences and sample entropy, calculated from the beat-to-beat intervals of the PPG signal, to distinguish AF from normal rhythm. We then use a premature atrial contraction detection algorithm to have more accurate AF identification and to reduce false alarms. Two separate datasets have been used in this study to test the efficacy of the proposed method, which shows a combined sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 98.18%, 97.43% and 97.54% across the datasets.
Vulnerability indicators for natural hazards: an innovative selection and weighting approach
Authors: Papathoma-Köhle Maria , Schlögl Matthias , Fuchs Sven
Published: October 2019

To prepare for upcoming extreme events, decision makers, scientists and other stakeholders require a thorough understanding of the vulnerability of the built environment to natural hazards. A vulnerability index based on building characteristics (indicators) rather than empirical data may be an alternative approach to a comprehensive physical vulnerability assessment of the building stock. The present paper focuses on the making of such an index for dynamic flooding in mountain areas demonstrating the transferability of vulnerability assessment approaches between hazard types, reducing the amount of required data and offering a tool that can be used in areas were empirical data are not available. We use data from systematically documented torrential events in the European Alps to select and weight the important indicators using an all-relevant feature selection algorithm based on random forests. The permutation-based feature selection reduced the initial number of indicators from 22 to seven, decreasing in this way the amount of required data for assessing physical vulnerability and ensuring that only relevant indicators are considered. The new Physical Vulnerability Index (PVI) may be used in the mountain areas of Europe and beyond where only few empirical data are available supporting decision-making in reducing risk to dynamic flooding.
PKM2 regulates endothelial cell junction dynamics and angiogenesis via ATP production
Authors: Gómez-Escudero Jesús , Clemente Cristina , García-Weber Diego , Acín-Pérez Rebeca , Millán Jaime , Enríquez José A. , Bentley Katie , Carmeliet Peter , Arroyo Alicia G.
Published: October 2019

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, occurs in pathophysiological contexts such as wound healing, cancer, and chronic inflammatory disease. During sprouting angiogenesis, endothelial tip and stalk cells coordinately remodel their cell-cell junctions to allow collective migration and extension of the sprout while maintaining barrier integrity. All these processes require energy, and the predominant ATP generation route in endothelial cells is glycolysis. However, it remains unclear how ATP reaches the plasma membrane and intercellular junctions. In this study, we demonstrate that the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) is required for sprouting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo through the regulation of endothelial cell-junction dynamics and collective migration. We show that PKM2-silencing decreases ATP required for proper VE-cadherin internalization/traffic at endothelial cell-cell junctions. Our study provides fresh insight into the role of ATP subcellular compartmentalization in endothelial cells during angiogenesis. Since manipulation of EC glycolysis constitutes a potential therapeutic intervention route, particularly in tumors and chronic inflammatory disease, these findings may help to refine the targeting of endothelial glycolytic activity in disease.
Enhanced terahertz conductivity in ultra-thin gold film deposited onto (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS)-coated Si substrates
Authors: Lee Youjin , Kim Dasom , Jeong Jeeyoon , Kim Jugyoung , Shmid Volodymyr , Korotchenkov Oleg , Vasa Parinda , Bahk Young-Mi , Kim Dai-Sik
Published: October 2019

Various material properties change considerably when material is thinned down to nanometer thicknesses. Accordingly, researchers have been trying to obtain homogeneous thin films with nanometer thickness but depositing homogeneous few nanometers thick gold film is challenging as it tends to form islands rather than homogenous film. Recently, studies have revealed that treating the substrate with an organic buffer, (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) enables deposition of ultra-thin gold film having thickness as low as 5 nm. Different aspects of MPTMS treatment for ultra-thin gold films like its effect on the structure and optical properties at visible wavelengths have been investigated. However, the effect of the MPTMS treatment on electrical conductivity of ultra-thin gold film at terahertz frequency remains unexplored. Here, we measure the complex conductivity of nanometer-thick gold films deposited onto an MPTMS-coated silicon substrate using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Following the MPTMS treatment of the substrate, the conductivity of the films was found to increase compared to those deposited onto uncoated substrate for gold films having the thickness less than 11 nm. We observed 5-fold enhancement in the conductivity for a 7 nm-thick gold film. We also demonstrate the fabrication of nanoslot-antenna arrays in 8.2-nm-thick gold films. The nanoslot-antenna with MPTMS coating has resonance at around 0.5 THz with an electric field enhancement of 44, whereas the nanoslot-antenna without MPTMS coating does not show resonant properties. Our results demonstrate that gold films deposited onto MPTMS-coated silicon substrates are promising advanced materials for fabricating ultra-thin terahertz plasmonic devices.
Design of a Broadband Solar Thermal Absorber Using a Deep Neural Network and Experimental Demonstration of Its Performance
Authors: Seo Junyong , Jung Pil-Hoon , Kim Mingeon , Yang Sounghyeok , Lee Ikjin , Lee Jungchul , Lee Heon , Lee Bong Jae
Published: October 2019

In using nanostructures to design solar thermal absorbers, computational methods, such as rigorous coupled-wave analysis and the finite-difference time-domain method, are often employed to simulate light-structure interactions in the solar spectrum. However, those methods require heavy computational resources and CPU time. In this study, using a state-of-the-art modeling technique, i.e., deep learning, we demonstrate significant reduction of computational costs during the optimization processes. To minimize the number of samples obtained by actual simulation, only regulated amounts are prepared and used as a data set to train the deep neural network (DNN) model. Convergence of the constructed DNN model is carefully examined. Moreover, several analyses utilizing an evolutionary algorithm, which require a remarkable number of performance calculations, are performed using the trained DNN model. We show that deep learning effectively reduces the actual simulation counts compared to the case of a design process without a neural network model. Finally, the proposed solar thermal absorber is fabricated and its absorption performance is characterized.
Evaluating the Comprehensive Performance of Herbaceous Peonies at low latitudes by the Integration of Long-running Quantitative Observation and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach
Authors: Zhang Jiaping , Wang Xiaobin , Zhang Dong , Qiu Shuai , Wei Jianfen , Guo Juan , Li Danqing , Xia Yiping
Published: October 2019

Enlarging the planting area of economic plants, such as the “Southward Planting of Herbaceous Peony” (Paeonia lactiflora. Pall), is significant for improving people’s lives. Peony is globally known as an ornamental because of gorgeous flowers and is mainly cultivated in the temperate regions with relatively cool and dry climates in the Northern Hemisphere. Promoting the landscape application of peony to the lower latitude regions is difficult because of the hot-humid climate. In this study, 29 northern peony cultivars and a unique Chinese southern peony, ‘Hang Baishao’, were introduced to Hangzhou, located in the central subtropics. Annual growth cycles, resistances and dormancy durations were measured, and crossbreeding between the southern and northern peonies was performed for six years, from 2012 to 2017. Based on data collected from the long-running quantitative observation (LQO), a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) system was established to evaluate the comprehensive planting performance of these 30 cultivars in the central subtropics. ‘Qihua Lushuang’, ‘Hang Baishao’ and ‘Meiju’ were highly recommended, while ‘Zhuguang’ and ‘Qiaoling’ were scarcely recommended for the Hangzhou landscape. This study highlights the dependability and comprehensiveness of integrating the LQO and MCDM approaches for evaluating the introduction performance of ornamental plants.
Time-resolved connectome of the five-factor model of personality
Authors: Passamonti L. , Riccelli R. , Indovina I. , Duggento A. , Terracciano A. , Toschi N.
Published: October 2019

The human brain is characterized by highly dynamic patterns of functional connectivity. However, it is unknown whether this time-variant ‘connectome’ is related to the individual differences in the behavioural and cognitive traits described in the five-factor model of personality. To answer this question, inter-network time-variant connectivity was computed in n = 818 healthy people via a dynamical conditional correlation model. Next, network dynamicity was quantified throughout an ad-hoc measure (T-index) and the generalizability of the multi-variate associations between personality traits and network dynamicity was assessed using a train/test split approach. Conscientiousness, reflecting enhanced cognitive and emotional control, was the sole trait linked to stationary connectivity across several circuits such as the default mode and prefronto-parietal network. The stationarity in the ‘communication’ across large-scale networks offers a mechanistic description of the capacity of conscientious people to ‘protect’ non-immediate goals against interference over-time. This study informs future research aiming at developing more realistic models of the brain dynamics mediating personality differences.
Sulfobacillus thermotolerans: new insights into resistance and metabolic capacities of acidophilic chemolithotrophs
Authors: Panyushkina Anna E. , Babenko Vladislav V. , Nikitina Anastasia S. , Selezneva Oksana V. , Tsaplina Iraida A. , Letarova Maria A. , Kostryukova Elena S. , Letarov Andrey V.
Published: October 2019

The first complete genome of the biotechnologically important species Sulfobacillus thermotolerans has been sequenced. Its 3 317 203-bp chromosome contains an 83 269-bp plasmid-like region, which carries heavy metal resistance determinants and the rusticyanin gene. Plasmid-mediated metal resistance is unusual for acidophilic chemolithotrophs. Moreover, most of their plasmids are cryptic and do not contribute to the phenotype of the host cells. A polyphosphate-based mechanism of metal resistance, which has been previously unknown in the genus Sulfobacillus or other Gram-positive chemolithotrophs, potentially operates in two Sulfobacillus species. The methylcitrate cycle typical for pathogens and identified in the genus Sulfobacillus for the first time can fulfill the energy and/or protective function in S. thermotolerans Kr1 and two other Sulfobacillus species, which have incomplete glyoxylate cycles. It is notable that the TCA cycle, disrupted in all Sulfobacillus isolates under optimal growth conditions, proved to be complete in the cells enduring temperature stress. An efficient antioxidant defense system gives S. thermotolerans another competitive advantage in the microbial communities inhabiting acidic metal-rich environments. The genomic comparisons revealed 80 unique genes in the strain Kr1, including those involved in lactose/galactose catabolism. The results provide new insights into metabolism and resistance mechanisms in the Sulfobacillus genus and other acidophiles.
Multi-peptide ELISAs overcome cross-reactivity and inadequate sensitivity of conventional Chlamydia pneumoniae serology
Authors: Rahman Kh Shamsur , Kaltenboeck Bernhard
Published: October 2019

Cross-reactivity of classical chlamydial antigens compromises Chlamydia (C.) pneumoniae serology. By testing with 185 human antisera, we expanded 18 previously discovered C. pneumoniae-specific B-cell epitopes to 48 peptide antigens from 12 C. pneumoniae immunodominant proteins. For specific detection of antibodies against C. pneumoniae, we developed novel ELISAs with strongly reactive individual peptide antigens and mixtures of these peptides. By comparison to a composite reference standard (CRS) for anti-C. pneumoniae antibody status of human sera, the top-performing CpnMixF12 peptide assay showed 91% sensitivity at 95% specificity, significantly higher than 4 commercial anti-C. pneumoniae IgG ELISAs (36-12% sensitivity at 95% specificity). Human C. pneumoniae (Cpn) and C. trachomatis (Ctr) seroreactivity was 54% biased towards co-positivity in commercial Cpn and Ctr ELISAs, but unbiased in Cpn and Ctr peptide antibody assays, suggesting severe cross-reactivity of commercial ELISAs. Using hyperimmune mouse sera against each of 11 Chlamydia spp., we confirm that commercial Cpn and Ctr ELISA antigens are cross-reactive among all Chlamydia spp., but Cpn and Ctr peptide antigens react only with antisera against the cognate chlamydial species. With simultaneously high specificity and sensitivity, and convenient use for non-specialized laboratories, these ELISAs have the potential to improve serodiagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection.
A new method for biological synthesis of agriculturally relevant nanohydroxyapatite with elucidated effects on soil bacteria
Authors: Priyam Ayushi , Das Ratul Kumar , Schultz Aaron , Singh Pushplata Prasad
Published: October 2019

The study describes a novel and environment friendly route of biosynthesis of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP). Bacillus licheniformis mediated synthesis of nHAP has been carried out with different phosphate concentrations (2%, 5%, 10% and 20% w/v) of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate monobasic (K2HPO4). The synthesis is supported by a two-step mechanism – (i) solubilization of P by organic acids extracellularly secreted by the bacterial strain and (ii) gelation of P and Ca. The nHAP particles were characterized using electron microscopy and XRD analysis. Powdered crystalline particles with a size range of 30 ± 5 nm were obtained with shape and size dependent on phosphate concentrations. The particles showed no adverse effect on plant growth-promoting bacteria. Evaluation of nHAP prepared by this route with 2% P source provides scope for a wide range of applications, especially as a nano-fertilizer.
Evaluation of vitamin D3 levels and morphotic parameters of blood in prematurely born children at six years of age
Authors: Walicka-Cupryś Katarzyna , Zajkiewicz Katarzyna , Drzał-Grabiec Justyna , Perenc Lidia
Published: October 2019

In Poland the preterm children, with the birth rate reaching 6.3%, constitute a serious medical problem. The system of specialistic clinics provides them with the multidisciplinary care for the first 3 years of life, including the monitoring of hematologic parameters in relation with anemia and osteopenia. The aim of this study was to assess the vitamin D3 level and morphotic parameters of blood in children who were prematurely born at the time when they are about to start school. The study was carried out in a group of 92 children, aged 6 years ±0.63, including 54 preterm children born at gestational age <32 weeks - and 38 full-term children. A basic anthropometric measures and assessment of morphotic parameters and the vitamin D3 level were assessed. Statistical analyses were carried out using Shapiro-Wilk W-test, Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Preterm children had significantly lower the vitamin D3 level than controls. This also refers to some morphotic parameters of blood, such as level of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelets. Prematurely born 6–7 year-old children have significantly lower vitamin D3 levels in blood serum than normal and significantly lower hemoglobin levels than full-term children.
Enantioseparation of amino alcohol drugs by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with a maltobionic acid-based ionic liquid as the chiral selector
Authors: Ma Xiaofei , Kan Zigui , Du Yingxiang , Yang Jiangxia , Feng Zijie , Zhu Xinqi , Chen Cheng
Published: October 2019

This study deals with the nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic enantioseparation of twenty-two amino alcohol drugs with a maltobionic acid (MA)-based ionic liquid (tetramethylammonium maltobionic acid, TMA-MA) as the novel chiral selector.
Direct amide synthesis via Ni-mediated aminocarbonylation of arylboronic acids with CO and nitroarenes
Authors: Shen Ni , Cheung Chi Wai , Ma Jun-An
Published: October 2019

Ni metal-mediated aminocarbonylation based on readily available arylboronic acids, nitroarenes, and carbon monoxide was achieved to prepare a variety of aryl amides.
Reduction of carbon dioxide with mesoporous SnO2 nanoparticles as active photocatalysts under visible light in water
Authors: Chowdhury Arpita Hazra , Das Anjan , Riyajuddin Sk. , Ghosh Kaushik , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: October 2019

We demonstrated the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to HCOOH using mesoporous SnO2 nanoparticles as active photocatalysts in water which acted as a sacrificial electron source as well as a solvent under atmospheric pressure.
Octanoic acid hydrodeoxygenation over bifunctional Ni/Al-SBA-15 catalysts
Authors: Baharudin Khairul Basyar , Arumugam Mahashanon , Hunns James , Lee Adam F. , Mayes Edwin , Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin , Wilson Karen , Derawi Darfizzi
Published: October 2019

Hydroprocessing of fatty carboxylic acids over 5 wt% Ni/Al-SBA-15 reveals a strong dependence of product yield and selectivity on Si : Al ratio.
Specific recognition of toxic allyl alcohol by pore-functionalized metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Desai Aamod V. , Sharma Shivani , Roy Arkendu , Shirolkar Mandar M. , Ghosh Sujit K.
Published: October 2019

Two rationally designed MOFs were reported for the luminescent detection of toxic allyl alcohol selectively over other small alcohols.
Preparation of a PdRuNi/C tri-metallic nanocatalyst and its excellent catalytic performance for ethylbenzene hydrogenation reaction
Authors: Pei An , Ruan Luna , Liao Jianhua , Zhang Huan , Wang Jiexiang , Yang Kai , Liu Zhiping , Zhu Lihua , Chen Bing Hui
Published: October 2019

PdRuNi/C with the nanostructure of PdRu-on-Ni/Ni(OH)2 NPs exhibited excellent catalytic performance for ethylbenzene hydrogenation due to the nano-synergistic effect.
Continuous solid solutions constructed from two isostructural octahedron-based molecular sieves: preparation, acidity regulation and catalytic application in Strecker reactions
Authors: Wang Weilu , Zeng Chunmei , Yang Yao , Jiang Pengfei , Gao Wenliang , Cong Rihong , Yang Tao
Published: October 2019

AlxGa1−x-PKU-1 solid solutions were used as acidity-tunable solid acids to catalyze the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide anion to imines.
An in situ coupling strategy for the preparation of heterometal-doped carbon frameworks as efficient bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Hui , Sui Zhuyin
Published: October 2019

Heterometal-doped carbon frameworks derived from metallophthalocyanine based conjugated microporous polymers display excellent ORR/OER bifunctional activity and long-time durability.
A curly architectured graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) towards efficient visible-light photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Hong Yuanzhi , Wang Longyan , Liu Enli , Chen Jiahui , Wang Zhiguo , Zhang Shengqu , Lin Xue , Duan Xixin , Shi Junyou
Published: October 2019

The unique curly-like architecture g-C3N4 with excellent photocatalytic H2 evolved activity was reported by a facile precursor-reforming strategy.
Supramolecular polymerization and cyclization of dioxynaphthalene motif bridged bifunctional UPys: minor variations in the molecular skeleton and drastic differences in self-assembly
Authors: Xiao Tangxin , Xu Lixiang , Götz Julian , Cheng Ming , Würthner Frank , Gu Jiande , Feng Xuejun , Li Zheng-Yi , Sun Xiao-Qiang , Wang Leyong
Published: October 2019

Dramatic differences were disclosed in the supramolecular polymerizability of dioxynaphthalene motif bridged bifunctional ureidopyrimidinone isomers and their different host–guest behaviors with a blue-box.
Porous organic polymers: a promising platform for efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Ting , Xing Guolong , Chen Weiben , Chen Long
Published: October 2019

This review summarizes the latest advances of porous organic polymers (POPs) focusing on their applications in photocatalysis, including photocatalytic chemical transformations, photodetoxification of pollutants from water, and water splitting.
A neutral Cu-based MOF for effective quercetin extraction and conversion from natural onion juice
Authors: Xiang Rui-Qi , Niu Yan-Fei , Han Jie , Lau Yat-Long , Wu Hai-Hong , Zhao Xiao-Li
Published: October 2019

A new neutral metal–organic framework can efficiently extract natural product quercetin (QT) from fresh QT-rich onion juice and rapidly convert it into Cu–QT with a relatively high conversion rate.
The polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa attenuate CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway
Authors: Li Chao , Meng Meng , Guo Mingzhu , Wang Mengyang , Ju Aining , Wang Chunling
Published: October 2019

The TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway has been linked to hepatic fibrosis.
Long non-coding RNA DLX6-AS1/miR-141-3p axis regulates osteosarcoma proliferation, migration and invasion through regulating Rab10
Authors: Guo Qiaoge , Sun Hui , Zheng Kunpeng , Yin Shaojie , Niu Junjie
Published: October 2019

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) DLX6-AS1 plays significant roles in various types of malignant tumors, including osteosarcoma (OS), the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor.
Porous carbon from tobacco stalk for removal of organic dyes from water
Authors: Guo Guo-Ning , Yang Bin-Bin , Zhang Qing-Mei , Zhang Chun
Published: October 2019

Harmful organic dyes in water can be removed by porous carbon from hazardous tobacco stalk.
A simple and green synthesis of carbon quantum dots from coke for white light-emitting devices
Authors: Feng Xiaoting , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2019

CQDs are prepared from coke. The coke-based CQDs as a converter are applied to the white light illumination field.
Interface chemistry and leakage current mechanism of HfGdON/Ge gate stack modulated by ALD-driven interlayer
Authors: He Gang , Wang Die , Ma Rui , Liu Mao , Cui Jingbiao
Published: October 2019

In the current manuscript, a Ge metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor based on HfGdON/Ge gate stacks with an ALD-driven passivation layer has been fabricated, and its interfacial and electrical properties are compared with those of its counterparts that have not undergone passivation treatment.
Current advances in tin cluster chemistry
Authors: Peters Bertram , Lichtenberger Niels , Dornsiepen Eike , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: October 2019

Clusters containing tin atoms show a huge variety of molecular structures, chemical as well as physical properties.
Electrochemical hydrogen production on a metal-free polymer
Authors: Valiollahi Roudabeh , Vagin Mikhail , Gueskine Viktor , Singh Amritpal , Grigoriev Sergey A. , Pushkarev Artem S. , Pushkareva Irina V. , Fahlman Mats , Liu Xianjie , Khan Ziyauddin , Berggren Magnus , Zozoulenko Igor , Crispin Xavier
Published: October 2019

Demonstration of hydrogen production on metal-free poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) film.
Comparing simulated 26Al maps to gamma-ray measurements
Authors: Pleintinger Moritz M. M. , Siegert Thomas , Diehl Roland , Fujimoto Yusuke , Greiner Jochen , Krause Martin G. H. , Krumholz Mark R.
Published: October 2019

Context. The diffuse gamma-ray emission of 26Al at 1.8 MeV reflects ongoing nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way and traces massive-star feedback in the interstellar medium due to its 1 Myr radioactive lifetime. The morphology and dynamics of the interstellar medium are investigated in astrophysics through 3D hydrodynamic simulations in fine detail as there are few suitable astronomical probes available.

Aims. We aim to compare a galactic-scale hydrodynamic simulation of the Galaxy’s interstellar medium, including feedback and nucleosynthesis, with gamma-ray data on 26Al emission in the Milky Way, extracting constraints that are only weakly dependent on the particular realisation of the simulation or Galaxy structure.

Methods. Due to constraints and biases in both the simulations and the gamma-ray observations, such comparisons are not straightforward. For a direct comparison, we performed maximum likelihood fits of both simulated sky maps and observation-based maximum entropy maps to measurements using INTEGRAL/SPI. In order to study general morphological properties, we compare the scale heights of 26Al emission produced by the simulation to INTEGRAL/SPI measurements.

Results. The direct comparison shows that the simulation describes the observed inner Galaxy well, however it differs significantly from the observed full-sky emission morphology. Comparing the scale height distribution, we see similarities for small-scale height features and a mismatch at larger-scale heights. We attribute this to prominent foreground emission sites which are not captured by the simulation.
First imaging spectroscopy observations of solar drift pair bursts
Authors: Kuznetsov A. A. , Kontar E. P.
Published: October 2019

Drift pairs are an unusual and puzzling type of fine structure sometimes observed in dynamic spectra of solar radio emission. They appear as two identical short narrowband drifting stripes separated in time; both positive and negative frequency drifts are observed. Currently, due to the lack of imaging observations, there is no satisfactory explanation for this phenomenon. Using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR), we report unique observations of a cluster of drift pair bursts in the frequency range of 30−70 MHz made on 12 July 2017. Spectral imaging capabilities of the instrument have allowed us for the first time to resolve the temporal and frequency evolution of the source locations and sizes at a fixed frequency and along the drifting pair components. Sources of two components of a drift pair have been imaged and found to propagate in the same direction along nearly the same trajectories. Motion of the second component source is seen to be delayed in time with respect to that of the first one. The source trajectories can be complicated and non-radial; positive and negative frequency drifts correspond to opposite propagation directions. The drift pair bursts with positive and negative frequency drifts, as well as the associated broadband type-III-like bursts, are produced in the same regions. The visible source velocities are variable from zero to a few 104 (up to ∼105) km s−1, which often exceeds the velocities inferred from the drift rate (∼104 km s−1). The visible source sizes are of about 10′−18′; they are more compact than typical type III sources at the same frequencies. The existing models of drift pair bursts cannot adequately explain the observed features. We discuss the key issues that need to be addressed, and in particular the anisotropic scattering of the radio waves. The broadband bursts observed simultaneously with the drift pairs differ in some aspects from common type III bursts and may represent a separate type of emission.
Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Odontoid Fractures in Geriatric Patients
Authors: Osterhoff Georg , Schnake Klaus , Scheyerer Max J. , Ullrich Bernhard W. , Hartmann Frank , Franck Alexander , Koepp Holger , Reinhold Maximilian , Schmeiser Gregor , Sprengel Kai , Zimmermann Volker , Siekmann Holger , Badke Andreas , Gebhard Harry , Täubel Kai C. , Grüninger Sebastian , Verheyden Akhil P. , Schleicher Philipp , Spiegl Ulrich J. A. ,   AG „Obere Halswirbelsäule“ und AG „Osteoporotische Frakturen“ der Sektion Wirbelsäule der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Published: October 2019

Background Odontoid fractures in geriatric patients represent an entity of increasing incidence with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The optimal diagnostic and therapeutic management is being controversially discussed in the literature.

Methods In a consensus process and based on the current literature, the members of the working groups “Osteoporotic Fractures” and “Upper Cervical Spine” of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (DGOU) defined recommendations for the diagnostics and treatment of odontoid fractures in geriatric patients.

Results For the diagnosis of odontoid fractures in symptomatic patients, computed tomography represents the gold standard, along with conventional radiographs. Magnetic resonance and dynamic imaging can be used as ancillary imaging modalities. With regard to fracture classification, the systems described by Anderson/DʼAlonzo and by Eysel/Roosen have proved to be of value. A treatment algorithm was developed based on these classifications. Anderson/DʼAlonzo type 1, type 3, and non-displaced type 2 fractures usually can be treated non-operatively. However, a close clinical and radiological follow-up is essential. In Anderson/DʼAlonzo type 2 fractures, operative treatment is associated with better fracture healing. Displaced type 2 and type 3 fractures should be stabilized operatively. Type 2 fractures with suitable fracture patterns (Eysel/Roosen 2A/B) can be stabilized anteriorly. Posterior C I/II-stabilization procedures are well established and suitable for all
fracture patterns.
Von wegen Steinzeit – Dynamisches Training mit der RMT-Club-Keule
Authors: Jenewein Olaf
Published: October 2019

Schwingen, Schlagen, Kreisen – die RMT-Club-Keule, die auf den ersten Blick steif und unelastisch wirkt, bietet zahlreiche dynamische, sportartspezifische Übungen. Denn das Gewicht im Inneren ist frei beweglich und dämpft die Wucht schneller Bewegungen. Olaf Jenewein zeigt neun spannende Übungen in Text und Videoclip.
Schulerfolg im Grundschulalter als sozialpädiatrische Herausforderung
Authors: Weber Veronika , Stich Heribert Ludwig
Published: October 2019

Zielsetzung der Studie war die quantitative Erfassung des Einflusses umschriebener Fördermaßnahmen und sozialer Determinanten auf den Schulerfolg nach Beendigung der Grundschule. Im Herbst 2014 wurden Schulkinder des Einschulungsjahrganges 2010 und deren Eltern zu ausgewählten Themenbereichen postalisch befragt. Basierend auf einer Studienkohorte von 380 Grundschülern wurden unter anderem Effektstärken definierter Einflussfaktoren auf den Gesamt-Notendurchschnitt und den weiteren schulischen Werdegang errechnet. Statistisch zeigten sich hinsichtlich definierter Zielvariablen (überdurchschnittlicher Notenspiegel und Übertritt auf ein Gymnasium) Hinweise auf protektive Effekte durch erhaltene Fördermaßnahmen und durch eine finanzielle Zufriedenheit der Familien (OR = 0,09 und 0,15), hingegen ein stark riskanter Einfluss durch einen niedrigen Schul- (OR = 3,27 und 3,08) und Berufsbildungsstatus der Eltern (OR = 9,37 und 12,79).

In Hinblick auf adäquate Bildungschancen von Grundschülern aus Familien mit einem niedrigeren sozioökonomischen Status sollte aus sozialpädiatrischer Sicht ein risikogruppenspezifischer Zugang zu individuellen Fördermaßnahmen ermöglicht werden.
Lungenfunktion, Lung Clearance Index und bronchiale Entzündung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Bronchiolitis obliterans
Authors: Belachew Nebiyat F. , Jerkic Silvija , Michel Felix , Schubert Ralf , Zielen Stefan , Rosewic Martin
Published: October 2019

Einleitung Die Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) ist eine sehr seltene, chronische Lungenerkrankung, die vereinzelt nach schweren Atemwegsinfektionen oder als Folge von Stammzell- und Lungentransplantation auftritt. Ziel der Arbeit war es, die Lungenfunktion und die bronchiale Entzündung bei BO-Patienten im Jugend- und Kindesalter zu untersuchen. Zudem sollte das Potenzial des LCI in der Diagnostik dieser Patienten untersucht werden.

Methoden Es wurden 16 BO-Patienten (Alter:Median 16,7; 9,6–25,3 Jahre) und 17 gesunde Probanden (Alter: Median 16,6; 7,6–25,0 Jahre) untersucht. Neben der Untersuchung der Lungenfunktion (FVC, FEV1, MEF25, RV und RV/TLC) mittels Bodyplethysmografie erfolgte eine Reversibilitätstestung nach Gabe von 400 μg Salbutamol. Die Bestimmung des LCI erfolgte mittels Multiple Breath Washout (MBW)-Methode. Zusätzlich wurde die Zellverteilung und das Zytokinprofil (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α)mittels Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) im induzierten Sputum analysiert.

Ergebnisse FVC, FEV1 und MEF25 der BO-Patienten waren signifikant niedriger, das RV und die RV/TLC jedoch signifikant erhöht im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Eine bronchiale Reversibilität zeigte sich bei 3 Patienten. Der LCI war bei den BO-Patienten gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe signifikant erhöht (Median 10,24 vs. 7,1) und korrelierte signifikant mit dem MEF25 (p < 0,0001). Im induzierten Sputum fand sich eine signifikante Erhöhung der Gesamtzellzahl, der neutrophilen Granulozyten sowie von IL-6 und IL-8 (p < 0,01).

Schlussfolgerung Die Lungenfunktion ist bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit BO stark eingeschränkt. Zudem erwies sich der LCI als sensitiver und reproduzierbarer Marker zur Beurteilung der obstruktiven Beeinträchtigung der kleinen Atemwege. Im induzierten Sputum ist eine von Neutrophilen dominierte bronchiale Entzündung nachweisbar.
Spinal Immobilization in the Trauma Room – a Survey-Based Analysis at German Level I Trauma Centers
Authors: Gather Andreas , Spancken Elena , Münzberg Matthias , Grützner Paul Alfred , Kreinest Michael
Published: October 2019

Background Spinal immobilization is a standard procedure in daily out-of-hospital emergency care. Homogenous recommendations concerning the immobilization of trauma patients during the first therapy in the emergency department do not exist. The aim of the current study was the analysis of the existing strategies concerning spinal immobilization in German level I trauma centers by an internet-based survey.

Materials and Methods The current study is a survey-based analysis of the current strategies concerning spinal immobilization in all 107 level I trauma centers in Germany. The internet-based survey consists of 6 items asking about immobilization in the emergency department.

Results The return rate was 47.7%. In 14 (28.6%) level I trauma centers the patients remained immobilized on the immobilization tool used by the professional emergency care providers. In 19 (38.8%) level I trauma centers the patients were transferred to a stretcher with a soft positioning mattress on it. Patient transfer to a spineboard or to a TraumaMattress was performed in 11 (22.4%) and 7 (14.3%) level I trauma centers, respectively. Trauma patients were never transferred to a vacuum mattress. Cervical spine protection was most of the time performed by a cervical collar (n = 48; 98.0%). In general, the surveyʼs participants were mainly satisfied (mean = 84/100) with the current strategy of spinal immobilization. The satisfaction was best if the spineboard is used.

Discussion Patient positioning during initial emergency therapy in the emergency department of German level I trauma centers is highly heterogenous. Besides complete full body immobilization, also the lack of any immobilization was reported by the surveyʼs participants.
Mare and stallion effects on blastocyst production in a commercial equine ovum pick-up–intracytoplasmic sperm injection program
Authors: Cuervo-Arango Juan , Claes Anthony N. , Stout Tom A. E.
Published: October 2019

This study retrospectively examined the degree to which success within a commercial ovum pick-up (OPU)–intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) program varied between individual mares and stallions. Over 2 years, 552 OPU sessions were performed on 323 privately owned warmblood mares. For mares that yielded at least one blastocyst during the first OPU-ICSI cycle, there was a 77% likelihood of success during subsequent attempts; conversely, when the first cycle yielded no blastocyst, the likelihood of failure (no embryo) in subsequent cycles was 62%. In mares subjected to four or more OPU sessions, the mean percentage of blastocysts per injected oocyte was 20.5% (range 1.4–46.7%), whereas the mean number of blastocysts per OPU-ICSI session was 1.67 (0.2–4.2). Age did not differ significantly between mares that yielded good or poor results. The number of recovered oocytes per OPU was positively associated with the likelihood of success (P<0.001). Although there were considerable between-stallion differences, most stallions (14/16) clustered between 15.6% and 26.8% blastocysts per injected oocyte, and the number of blastocysts per OPU (mean 1.4; range 0.2–2.2) was less variable than among mares. In conclusion, although both mare and stallion affect the success of OPU-ICSI, mare identity and the number of oocytes recovered appear to be the most reliable predictors of success.
Advances in Application of Alginate Lyase And Its Enzymatic Hydrolysate
Authors: Xue Xing , Zhou Ying , Gao Xiujun , Yan Peisheng
Published: October 2019

Alginate is a linear, water-soluble acidic seaweed polysaccharide composed of L-guluronic acid and its C5 epimer D-mannuronic acid, a general term for hydrophilic derivatives of alginic acid. It is widely found in various brown algae. Alginate lyase and its enzymatic hydrolysate have a variety of biological activities and become a new research hotspot. This paper reviews the source, classification, enzymatic mechanism and enzymatic properties of alginate lyase, and summarizes the function and application of alginate lyase and its enzymatic hydrolysate brown algal oligosaccharide, in order to provide a base for the development and application of alginate lyase and its products.
Research on The Pore-Forming Mechanism of Porous Tial Intermetallics with (NH4)2CO3
Authors: Li Xide , Sun Liangbo , Liu Yuzuo , Yang Junsheng
Published: October 2019

Porous TiAl intermetallic compound is a material with excellent properties, which could be applied to various fields. However, the disadvantage of current porous TiAl intermetallics is that the permeate flux is low. In this paper, (NH4)2CO3 was selected as pore-forming agent to fabricate porous TiAl intermetallics by activation reactive sintering. After that, the effect of pore former (NH4)2CO3 content and pore-forming mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that the pore former (NH4)2CO3 is benefit for the formation of through-holes in porous TiAl intermetallics, and the Kirkendall partial diffusion effect has great influence on the pore formation.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Cooper Sulfides Coated Electrochemical Modified Carbon Cloth and Its Application in Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: He Xin , Mao Xiling , Yang Wenyao , Zhou Yujiu , Liu Weicen , Yang Yajie , Xu Jianhua
Published: October 2019

All High-performance flexible electrochemical energy storage devices such as supercapacitors (SCs) and lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are highly desirable as a result of the ever-increasing demands for stretchable electronics. In this work, an effective two-step strategy contain surface and structural modulation and hydrothermal method is developed to grow cooper sulfides onto a highly active surface with pores and numerous functional oxygenic groups. Arising from rough surface and increased active sites, the as-prepared activated loosen cooper sulfides coated electrochemical modified carbon cloths (CuS@ECC) electrode not only achieves a large capacitance (410 F cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2) and fast kinetics but also shows excellent cycling durability (maintain 95% initial capacitance after 3000 cycles). This dual modification strategy may throw light on the rational design of new generation advanced composited electrodes for high-performance flexible supercapacitors.
Synthesis and Properties of Bifunctional Asphalt Emulsifier
Authors: Kong Xiangjun , Zhan Xinyu , Wang Jinlan
Published: October 2019

Cationic asphalt emulsifier needs to adjust the system to acidity during use, which will bring potential corrosion hazard to emulsified asphalt production equipment. In this paper, a bifunctional asphalt emulsifier with emulsification and corrosion inhibition was synthesized. The results show that the bifunctional cationic asphalt emulsifier has excellent surface activity, the critical micelle concentration is 56.23 μg/g, and the surface tension value is 25.79 mN/m, the prepared emulsified asphalt has good stability, and the stability of 1d and 5d are 0.28 % and 0.97 %, respectively. At the same time, the asphalt emulsifier has good corrosion inhibition performance for different material test pieces and different corrosive environments. The mechanism study shows that the emulsifier forms a dense adsorption protective film on the metal surface, so that the metal surface in the acid environment is protected from corrosion and the corrosion rate is lowered.
Preparation of Gamma Polyglutamic Acid (Γ-PGA)/Gelation Composite Nanoparticle and Application on Osmanthus Fragrance Slow-Release
Authors: Ma Xia , Zhao Shuai , Chen Yuxi , Chen Shiwen
Published: October 2019

In order to extend the incense period, to improve the stability and processability of osmanthus fragrance. It has not reported to use γ-PGA/Gelatin nanoparticle preparate coated fragrance. This research used γ-PGA/Gelatin nanoparticles after embedding essence, observed its property index. γ-PGA/Gelatin nanoparticle was investigated with respect to its optimum experiment process and microencapsulation technology. Through coagulation precipitation, which is an ionic self-assembly process, a large amount obtained of non-toxic and edible. Thermogravimetric analysis uncovered that fragrance-γ-PGA/Gelatin nanoparticles were surprisingly well conserved at rapidly increasing temperature. E-nose measurement revealed fine stability of scent. The yield was obtained as 41.6g/L which increased by 32.9% under optimized conditions and less waste was created. As the temperature increased from 0°C to 200 °C, the coated fragrance lost only by 11% while bare fragrance molecules almost fully evaporated. The unchanged and stable scent and a superior ability of heat resistant were attributed to the nano-size effect of fine structure and good characteristics of the incorporation of γ-PGA and gelatin.
Research on Green Synthetic Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Ren Jingyi
Published: October 2019

For the last few years, nanoscience and nanotechnology are developing fast, and the use of green synthesis technology to prepare green nanoparticles has attracted widespread attention. Plants have become a substitute for various toxic agents, such as borohydrides, as compared to various toxic physical and chemical preparation methods. Moreover, plants have the preponderance of convenience and source, low cost and environmental protection. Moreover, the use of green synthesis technology not only avoids the use of chemical agents, but also reduces environmental pollution caused by toxic substances generated during the preparation process. Therefore, the preparation of nanoparticles by green synthesis technology is one of the most interesting areas to study. In this paper, focuses on the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using papaya (melon) Nakai.
Synthesis and properties of Non-isocyanate polyurethane Based on Aromatic amine
Authors: Liang Hongqin , Gao Qun
Published: October 2019

Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) was synthesized via cyclic carbonate(DiCC), which was synthesized throguh the thiol-ene click reaction that has high selectivity and orientation, and aromatic diamine, which is one alternative for preparing conventional polyurethane without isocyanate. which as the promising materials in green and sustainable chemistry. It will replace the traditional polyurethane in the future chemical industry. A simple non-isocyanate route of synthesizing aromatic polyurethane has been studied in this paper. The chemical structures of DiCC and NIPU were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H NMR). The Mn and Mw of NIPU were measured up to 2964 g.mol-1 and 11528 g.mol-1 through gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Moreover, the initial decomposition temperature showing over 225°C and the shear strength reaching 2.38 MPa.