bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diurnal variability of atmospheric O2, CO2 and their exchange ratio above a boreal forest in southern Finland
Authors: Faassen Kim A. P. , Nguyen Linh N. T. , Broekema Eadin R. , Kers Bert A. M. , Mammarella Ivan , Vesala Timo , Pickers Penelopy A. , Manning Andrew C. , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Jordi , Meijer Harro A. J. , Peters Wouter , Luijkx Ingrid T.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The exchange ratio (ER) between atmospheric O2 and CO2 is a useful tracer on global and local scales to better understand the carbon budget. The variability of ER (in mol O2 per mol CO2) between terrestrial ecosystems is not well-known, and there is no consensus on how to derive the ER signal to represent an ecosystem, as there are different approaches available, either based on concentration (ERatmos) or flux measurements (ERforest). In this study we measured atmospheric O2 and CO2 concentrations at two heights above the boreal forest in Hyytiälä, Finland. Such measurements of O2 are unique and enable us to potentially identify which forest carbon loss and production mechanisms dominate over various hours of the day. We found that the ERatmos signal at 23 m is not representative for the forest exchange alone but is also influenced by other factors, including for example entrainment of air masses with different thermodynamic and atmospheric composition characteristics in the atmospheric boundary layer. To derive ERforest we infer O2 fluxes using multiple theoretical and observation-based micro-meteorological formulations to determine the most suitable approach. Our resulting ERforest shows a distinct difference in behaviour between daytime (0.92 ± 0.17 mol/mol) and nighttime (1.03 ± 0.05 mol/mol). These insights demonstrate the diurnal variability of different ER signals above a boreal forest and we also confirmed that the signals of ERatmos and ERforest can not be used interchangeably. Therefore, we recommend measurements on multiple vertical levels to derive O2 and CO2 fluxes for the ERforest signal, instead of a single level time series of the concentrations for the ERatmos signal. We show that ERforest can be further split into specific signals for respiration (1.03 ± 0.05 mol/mol) and photosynthesis (0.96 ± 0.12 mol/mol). This estimation allows us to separate the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) into Gross Primary Production (GPP) and Total Ecosystem Respiration (TER), giving comparable results to the more commonly used eddy covariance approach. Our study shows the potential of using atmospheric O2 as an alternative method to gain new insights on the different CO2 signals that contribute to the forest carbon budget.
Correcting 3D cloud effects in XCO2 retrievals from OCO-2
Authors: Mauceri Steffen , Massie Steven , Schmidt Sebastian
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 makes space-based radiance measurements in the Oxygen A-band and the Weak and Strong carbon dioxide (CO2) bands. Using a physics-based retrieval algorithm these measurements are inverted to column-averaged atmospheric CO2 dry-air mole fraction (XCO2). However, the retrieved XCO2 are biased due to calibration issues and mismatches between the physics-based retrieval and nature. Using multiple linear regression, the biases are empirically mitigated. However, a recent analysis revealed remaining biases in the proximity of clouds caused by 3D cloud radiative effects (Massie et al., 2021) in the current processing version B10. Using an interpretable non-linear machine learning approach, we developed a bias correction model to address these 3D cloud biases. The model is able to reduce unphysical variability over land and ocean by 31 % and 55 %, respectively. Additionally, the 3D cloud bias corrected XCO2 show better agreement with independent ground-based observations from the Total Carbon Column Observation Network (TCCON). Overall, we find that OCO-2 underestimates XCO2 over land by -0.4 ppm in the tropics and northward of 45° N. The approach can be expanded to a more general bias correction and is generalizable to other greenhouse gas missions, such as GeoCarb, GOSAT-3 and CO2M.
A modular field system enabling cavity ring-down spectroscopy of in-situ vapor observations in harsh environments: The ISE-CUBE system
Authors: Seidl Andrew Walter , Sodemann Harald , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Over the last two decades, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) has allowed for increasingly widespread, in-situ observations of trace gases in vapor, including the stable isotopic composition of water vapor. However, in-situ observation in harsh environments pose a particular challenge, as these CRDS analyzers are designed for use in a conventional laboratory. As such, field deployments typically enclose the instrument in a "quasi-laboratory". These deployments often involve substantial logistical effort, in addition to potentially affecting the measurement site, such as impacting flow conditions around near-surface processes. We designed the ISE-CUBE system as a modular CRDS deployment system for stable water isotope measurements, with a specific focus on observing near-surface processes. We tested the system during a two-week field campaign during Feb–March 2020 in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway, with ambient temperatures down to −30 °C, and winds gusting over 20 m s−1. The system functioned suitably throughout the campaign, with field periods exhibiting only a minimal decrease in isotopic measurement precision (δ18O: 0.06 ‰ & δD: 0.47 ‰) as compared to optimal laboratory operation. Having proven itself in challenging arctic conditions, the ISE-CUBE system can be readily adapted to the particular needs of future stable water isotope researchers, wherever their research aims might take them.
Seasonal aridity in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during the Late Glacial driven by El Niño-like conditions
Authors: Hällberg Petter L. , Schenk Frederik , Yamoah Kweku A. , Kuang Xueyuen , Smittenberg Rienk H.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Island South-East Asia (ISEA) is a highly humid region
that hosts the world's largest tropical peat deposits. Most of this peat
accumulated only relatively recently during the Holocene, suggesting that
the climate was drier and/or more seasonal during earlier times. Although
there is evidence for savanna expansion and drier conditions during the Last
Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 ka BP), the mechanisms behind hydroclimatic changes
during the ensuing deglacial period have received much less attention and are
poorly understood. Here we use CESM1 climate model simulations to
investigate the key drivers behind ISEA climate at the end of the
Late Glacial (14.7–11.7 ka BP), with a focus on the last stadial of the Younger
Dryas (12 ka BP). We further simulate the preceding Allerød (13 ka BP)
interstadial climate and perform a sensitivity experiment to disentangle the
climate impacts due to orbital forcing and Late Glacial boundary conditions
against a slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
(AMOC). A transient simulation (TRACE) is used to track the climate
seasonality and orbitally driven change over time during the deglaciation
into the Holocene. In agreement with proxy evidence, CESM1 simulates overall
drier conditions during the Younger Dryas and Allerød. More importantly,
ISEA experienced extreme seasonal aridity, in stark contrast to the ever-wet
modern climate. We identify that the simulated drying and enhanced
seasonality in the Late Glacial is mainly the result of a combination of
three factors: (1) large orbital insolation difference on the Northern
Hemisphere (NH) between summer and winter, in contrast to the LGM and the
present day, (2) a stronger (dry) East Asian winter monsoon caused by a
larger meridional thermal gradient and (3) a major reorganization of the
Indo-Pacific Walker Circulation with an inverted land-sea circulation and a
complete breakdown of deep convection over ISEA in NH winters. The altered
atmospheric circulation, sea surface temperature and sea level pressure
patterns led to conditions resembling extreme El Niño events in the
modern climate and a dissolution of the Intertropical Convergence Zone
(ITCZ) over the region. From these results we infer that terrestrial cooling
of ISEA and at least a seasonal reversal of land-sea circulation likely
played a major role in delaying tropical peat formation until at least the
onset of the Holocene period. Our results also suggest that centennial to
millennial shifts in AMOC strength modifies the Pacific Ocean hydroclimate
via alteration of the position of the ITCZ, and a modulation of the Pacific
Walker Circulation. However, Late Glacial AMOC shifts are overall less
important than hydroclimate changes due to orbital forcing and boundary
condition changes relative to the modern climate.
Gridded pollen-based Holocene regional plant cover in temperate and northern subtropical China suitable for climate modeling
Authors: Li Furong , Gaillard Marie-Jose , Cao Xianyong , Herzschuh Ulrike , Sugita Shinya , Ni Jian , Zhao Yan , An Chengbang , Huang Xiaozhong , Li Yu , Liu Hongyan , Sun Aizhi , Yao Yifeng
Published: July 2022

Abstract. We present the first gridded and temporally continuous quantitative pollen-based plant-cover reconstruction for temperate and northern sub-tropical China over the Holocene (11.7 ka BP to present) using the Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites (REVEALS) model. The objective is to provide a dataset of pollen-based land cover for the last ca. twelve millennia suitable for palaeoclimate modeling and evaluation of simulated past vegetation cover from dynamic vegetation models and anthropogenic land-cover change (ALCC) scenarios. The REVEALS reconstruction was achieved using 94 selected pollen records from lakes and bogs at a 1°×1° spatial scale and a temporal resolution of 500 years between 11.7 and 0.7 ka BP, and three recent time windows (0.7–0.35 ka BP, 0.35–0.1 ka BP, and 0.1 ka BP–present). The dataset includes REVEALS estimates of cover and their standard errors (SEs) for 27 plant taxa in 75 1°×1° grid cells distributed within the study region. The 27 plant taxa were also grouped into six plant functional types and three land-cover types (coniferous trees CT, broadleaved trees BT, and C3 herbs C3H/open land OL), and their REVEALS estimates of cover and related SEs were calculated. We describe the protocol used for the selection of pollen records and the REVEALS application (with parameter setting), and explain the major rationales behind the protocol. As an illustration we present, for eight selected time windows, gridded maps of the pollen-based REVEALS estimates of cover for the three land-cover types (CT, BT, and C3H/OL). We then discuss the reliability and limitations of the Chinese dataset of Holocene gridded REVEALS plant-cover, and its current and potential uses. The dataset is available at the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (TPDC; https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/en/disallow/d18d2b7e-25fe-49da-b1bd-2be6014162b0/).
Recent ground thermo-hydrological changes in a Tibetan endorheic catchment and implications for lake level changes
Authors: Martin Léo C. P. , Westermann Sebastian , Magni Michele , Brun Fanny , Fiddes Joel , Lei Yanbin , Kraaijenbrink Philip , Mathys Tamara , Langer Moritz , Allen Simon , Immerzeel Walter W.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Climate change modifies the water and energy fluxes between the atmosphere and the surface in mountainous regions. This is particularly true over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), a major headwater region of the world, which has shown substantial hydrological changes over the last decades. Among them, the rapid lake level variations observed throughout the plateau remain puzzling and much is still to be understood regarding the spatial distribution of lake level trends (increase/decrease) and paces. The ground across the QTP hosts either permafrost or seasonally frozen ground and both are affected by climate change. In this environment, the ground thermal regime influences liquid water availability, evaporation and runoff. Therefore, climate-driven modifications of the ground thermal regime may contribute to lake level variations. For now, this hypothesis has been overlooked by modelers because of the scarcity of field data and the difficulty to account for the spatial variability of the climate and its influence on the ground thermo-hydrological regime in a numerical framework. This study focuses on the cryo-hydrology of the catchment of Lake Paiku (Southern Tibet) for the 1980–2019 period. We use TopoSCALE and TopoSUB to downscale ERA5 data and capture the spatial variability of the climate in our forcing data. We use a distributed setup of the CryoGrid community model (version 1.0) to quantify thermo-hydrological changes in the ground during the period. Forcing data and simulation outputs are validated with weather station data, surface temperature logger data and the lake level variations. We show that both seasonal frozen ground and permafrost have warmed (1.7 °C per century 2 m deep), increasing the availability of liquid water in the ground and the duration of seasonal thaw. Both phenomena promote evaporation and runoff but ground warming drives a strong increase in subsurface runoff, so that the runoff/(evaporation + runoff) ratio increases over time. Summer evaporation is an important energy sink and we find active layer deepening only where evaporation is limited. The presence of permafrost is found to promote evaporation at the expense of runoff, consistent with recent studies. Yet, this relationship seems to be climate dependent and we show that a colder and wetter climate produces the opposite effect. This ambivalent influence of permafrost may help to understand the contrasting lake level variations observed between the south and north of the QTP, opening new perspectives for future investigations.
Disentangling natural streamflow from reservoir regulation practices in the Alps using generalized additive models
Authors: Brunner Manuela Irene , Naveau Philippe
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Reservoir regulation affects various streamflow characteristics from low to high flows with important implications for downstream water users. Still, information on past reservoir operations is rarely publicly available and it is hardly known how reservoir operation signals, i.e. information on when water is stored in and released from reservoirs, vary over a certain region. Here, we develop a statistical model to reconstruct reservoir operation signals from observed streamflow time series that encompass a period before and a period after a known year of reservoir construction. In a first step, a generalized additive model (GAM) regresses streamflow time series from the unregulated pre-reservoir period on four covariates including temperature, precipitation, day of the year, and glacier mass balance changes. In a second step, this GAM, which represents natural conditions, is applied to predict natural streamflow, i.e. streamflow that would be expected in the absence of the reservoir, for the regulated period. The difference between the observed regulated streamflow signal and the predicted natural baseline should correspond to the reservoir operation signal. We apply this approach to reconstruct the seasonality of reservoir regulation, i.e. information on when water is stored in and released from a reservoir, from a dataset of 74 catchments in the Central Alps with a known reservoir construction date. We group these reconstructed regulation seasonalities using functional clustering to identify groups of catchments with similar reservoir operation strategies. We find that reservoir management varies by catchment elevation, with seasonal redistribution from summer to winter being strongest in high-elevation catchments. These elevational differences suggests a clear relationship between reservoir operation and climate and catchment characteristics, which has practical implications. First, these elevational differences in reservoir regulation can and should be considered in hydrological model calibration. Furthermore, the reconstructed reservoir operation signals can be used to study the joint impact of climate change and reservoir operation on different streamflow signatures, including extreme events.
Use of Non-Invasive Ventilation in Reducing Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide Level (PaCO2) in Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Ali Rida , Mahmud Shahid
Published: July 2022

Objective: It has been observed that non-invasive ventilation used in premature with Respiratory distress syndrome and notably decrease level of partial pressure of carbon-dioxide (PaCO2) level in blood. The primary goal of this study was to assess the effect of non-invasive ventilation in decreasing the level of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) level and supplementary oxygen need in premature neonates with RDS. Study Design and Settings: This randomized controlled trial was done in Jan 2021 till August 2021 at PNS SHIFA Karachi. Methodology: Neonates with gestational age (GA <34 wk) with RDS at birth were randomly assigned to nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) and nasal high frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) for respiratory support after giving surfactant .Twenty three preterm babies were included in each group .Level of partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 2hrs and 24hrs of non-invasive ventilation and supplementary oxygen need was evaluated. Results: Non-invasive ventilation was found to reduce the PaCO2 level (p= .01), NIPPV (43.06±13.74) vs. (33.63±19.99) in NHFOV at 2hrs and 24hrs NIPPV (19.89±7.18) vs. NHFOV (14.04±8.39).Value of pH was also significant in two groups with optimal mean airway pressure. Supplementary oxygen period were also reduced in NHFOV than NIPPV group (35.7% vs. 64.3%). Conclusion: NHFOV was a beneficial mode in maintaining level of pH, PaCO2 level and reducing need of supplementary oxygen in preterm babies with RDS
Cystic Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST): A Rare Presentation
Authors: Iqbal Junaid , Rashid Sadia , Pathan Hina , Murtaza Sorath
Published: July 2022

astrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are solid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The stomach is the most common site while the esophagus is the least common site for gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The cystic Gastrointestinal stromal tumor has never been reported in the past. On CT scan of a young male patient, we reported an exophytic cystic structure of 2.5 x 2.2 cm along the esophagus as an esophageal duplication cyst then he underwent an image-guided biopsy that finally turned out to be a Gastrointestinal stromal tumor on histopathology. He underwent surgical resection; he is now symptomsfree and on 6 monthly CT scan follow-ups.
Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia with Dysplastic Changes
Authors: Ahmed Sanaa , Nasir Muhammad , Khan M. Sibghatullah , Naz Maria , Bukhari Uzma
Published: July 2022

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is one of the rare premalignant white lesions with highest conversion rate to malignancy. It grows gradually and irreversibly with multifocal presentation, exophytic and verrucous appearance. This lesion has been reported resistant to all therapeutic approaches including both non-surgical and surgical. Predisposing factors include female gender in the 6th decade of life. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia has the highest tendency to neoplastic transformation and progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral verrucous carcinoma in majority of the cases. The case of proliferative verrucous lesion clinically appearing benign presented here but on histopathology proven dysplasia in a patient with the history of smoking which he stopped six years back
Pengaruh Mapping Ignition Timing Engine Control Unit (ECU) Programmable Terhadap Torsi Dan Daya Motor Bensin 4 Langkah
Authors: Warso  , Prabowo Nugrah Rekto , Sutarno  , Mastur
Published: July 2022

The current technology applied to motorbikes is growing, so that it can improve the performance of fuel injection systems that can be controlled electronically by the Engine Control Unit (ECU) with sensors and actuators. ECU is currently produced by an Indonesian racing company other than a motorcycle manufacturer, the Programmable ECU which can change Ignition Timing (ignition time) with the aim of improving engine performance. That way it is necessary to do research that aims to determine the ignition time in the ECU program for torque and motor power of 4 steps. To simplify the implementation, the results of tables and graphs can be analyzed. The effect of standard ECU ignition time at 5 ° before TDC produces maximum torque of 14.86 Nm at 7500 rpm engine speed and 16.9 maximum power at 8500 rpm engine speed. The engine circulates 7500 rpm mapping ECU 1 torque is increased 3% to 15.25 Nm and power rises 3% to 17.4 HP on the 8750 rpm engine. After mapping again to ECU 2 and a 3% increase in torque and 4% power compared to the use of standard ECU ignition time. The resulting torque ECU maps 2 by 15.29 Nm at 7500 rpm engine speed and produces a maximum power of 17.6 HP on the 8750 rpm engine. At ECU 1, mapping with the highest ignition time at 32 ° before the top dead center is carried out. In mapping ECU 2 uses the ignition point time at 35 ° before the top dead center.
Perancangan dan Pembuatan Ragum Kerja Kayu
Authors: Budriyadi Syefi , A.L. Andriana Syarip  , Maryoni  , Mulyadi
Published: July 2022

Woodworking vise is one of the tools to support the work process or practice at an institute that can be found on a daily basis. In general, the vise is made of castings. Seeing that to make the process of making vise easier, especially wooden vise using raw materials from 15 mm thick plate and iron. So based on the analysis of the problems above, the author tries to make a wooden work vise to meet these needs. This vise propulsion is planned to still use a manual process that is adjusted to the needs of consumers. The result of this final project is to produce a design and working drawing of a modification of a wooden vise. The resulting vise has a strong and anti-rust construction and has a diameter of ± length x width x height 442x 248 x 124 mm. Previously it was necessary to plan, design and manufacture appropriate vise components, easy to obtain, inexpensive and in accordance with the needs of craftsmen. This tool may be difficult to find in the market. The design system used is the VDI 2221 method, created by Gerhardt Pahl and Wolfgang Beits with the title "Engineering Design". The result that must be achieved is the cost of making 300-400 thousand with better production results. then after testing this tool works well and the cost of making it is cheaper.
Perancangan Mesin Bubut Kayu Mini
Authors: Aditya Jordy Lambang , Lutvi Arif Wibowo
Published: July 2022

A mini wood lathe is a fairly simple machine, and one of the tools to shape various kinds of wood into a work of art is like making a chess piece. The most important parts are the electric motor, fixed head, loose head, retainers and propulsion unit, but until now there are still many wood industry entrepreneurs who still use makeshift tools so that the results are not optimal. Realizing these conditions, an effort is needed to create a mini wood lathe that is good and can be used to improve their production process. From the planning calculations carried out, and obtained a dimension of this mini wood lathe is 350mm high, 950mm long and 300mm wide which includes a cylindrical shaft with a diameter of 25mm which is also connected as a fixed head using a 13mm drill chuck, transmission pulley bearings, V-belt, 1.5 HP dynamo motor with a motor speed of 1500 rpm, with a workpiece capacity of 200mm diameter and 800mm length, and a frame as a holder for these components.
Analisis Performa Pegas Kopling Original Dengan Pegas Kopling TDR Racing Pada Motor Menggunakan Metode Software Stress Analisis
Authors: Andriyansah  , Oscar Haris
Published: July 2022

The clutch spring (spring compression) serves to press the pressure plate so that the clutch lining is close to the clutch plate, so that the clutch does not slip. In addition, the clutch spring also functions to relieve the pressure between the clutch lining and the clutch plate. The force or load applied to the original spring is 2.02 N, and the force applied to the TDR spring is 2.5 N. Load analysis to determine stress and strain using Autodesk inventor software. The simulation results can be concluded that the stress (Stress) that occurs in the standard spring is the largest (Maximum Stress) occurs in the YY vector direction with a value of 37.56 MPa, and the smallest stress (Minimum Stress) occurs in the YY vector direction with value -57.21 MPa. While the stress that occurs in the TDR spring is the largest (Maximum Stress) in the direction of the YY vector with a value of 33.49 MPa, and the smallest stress (Minimum Stress) occurs in the direction of the YY vector with a value of -31.22 MPa. The largest strain (Maximum Strain) occurs in the YY vector direction with a value of 2.45 ul, and the smallest stress (Minimum Strain) occurs in the YY vector direction with a value of -3.61 ul . While the strain (Strain) that occurs in the TDR spring is the largest (Maximum Strain) occurs in the direction of the YZ vector with a value of 1.757 ul, and the smallest stress (Strain) (Minimum Strain) occurs in the direction of the YY vector with a value of -1.863 ul.
Desain Dan Analisa Mekatronika Robot Fire Fighting
Authors: Hardianto Muh. Syukri , Ganda Isnuardana  , M. Ibnu Fajar Al-Afghani  , Oscar Haris
Published: July 2022

This research was made as a refinement of various research on fire fighting robots, which in this research emphasizes the value of improvement from electronic and mechanical designs, this robot is not controlled by anything either by remote control or by joystick, this robot moves itself from the truck. fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire based on the sensitivity of the existing sensor in detecting the presence of a fire point, as well as the navigation system that the robot has in the form of a proximity sensor, this sensor keeps the robot able to move without obstacles in the form of walls or other objects that block the robot's pace. . In this research analysis and calculations will be carried out about the design of the equipment that will be needed. The data used are data sourced from primary or secondary data from available data from several manufacturers of the equipment needed. Based on the data analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the robot equipment from time to time will continue to experience changes and / or improvements.
Carcinoma Adrenocortical e a relação genética: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Paz João Victor Carvalho , Alves Alexandre Augusto Gomes , Alves Beatriz da Cruz , Freitas Camila Melo de , Melo Amanda de Morais , Salgado Denise Ribeiro Guimaraes Borges , Silva Ana Paula Beatriz Mendes , Restier Vinícius Santos Mendes , Santos Lucas Hewitson Froes , Barros Maria Laura Nunes Machado de , Almeida Danielle Cavalcante Cruz , Moraes Dyego Mondego , Alves Ana Paula Diniz , Melo Jonhnny Welton Feitosa , Avelar Cleison de Souza
Published: July 2022

Introdução: Os tumores adrenais são muito comuns, afetando 3% a 10% da população humana, e a maioria são pequenos adenomas adrenocorticais benignos não funcionais (ACA). ACC, em contraste, é uma doença muito rara. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura do tipo quantitativo utilizando os seguintes descritores: Carcinoma Adrenocortical, Córtex Suprarrenal, Endocrinologia, Predisposição Genética para Doença e Síndromes Endócrinas Paraneoplásicas. Resultado: Os pacientes com ACC raramente apresentam sintomas tumorais clássicos, como caquexia ou sudorese noturna. As síndromes paraneoplásicas são incomuns. No entanto, a hipoglicemia associada ao tumor é um fenômeno bem descrito, historicamente denominado síndrome de Anderson, que pode ser atribuído à hipoglicemia mediada por IGF-2. Discursão: A avaliação pré-operatória adequada e o planejamento operatório por um cirurgião experiente na ressecção de tumores adrenais malignos são de extrema importância para garantir o resultado ideal. A consideração da anatomia cirúrgica, as complicações potenciais da intervenção cirúrgica, os resultados esperados, incluindo o tempo de recuperação e as várias opções de intervenção, são importantes no que diz respeito à aplicação benéfica das estratégias de manejo cirúrgico para pacientes com ACC. Conclusão: Embora seja verdade que é o único medicamento aprovado para o tratamento da ACC, também tem eficácia limitada e pode interferir nos ensaios com novos agentes terapêuticos. No entanto, aguardaremos futuras discussões sobre as perspectivas científicas e éticas desta questão.
Variações térmicas médias nas estações do ano em Bom Jesus do Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Raimundo Mainar de , França Manoel Vieira de , Saboya Luciano Marcelo Fallé , Holanda Romildo Morant de , Araújo Wagner Rodolfo de , Braga Salatiel Ewen
Published: July 2022

A temperatura é um dos elementos meteorológicos mais importantes, pois traduz os estados energéticos e dinâmicos da atmosfera e, consequentemente, revela a circulação atmosférica. município de Bom Jesus do Piauí, fornecendo subsídios a pesquisadores e tomadores de decisão do governo e principalmente na agricultura. Foi utilizada a série de temperatura média (ºC) entre os anos de 1960-2018, esses dados foram adquiridos da estação meteorológica convencional do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Foram calculadas médias mensais, totais anuais e sazonais para as estações do ano: verão, outono, inverno e primavera. A média móvel de cinco e dez anos foi calculada para a variável estudada. A altitude e a latitude são as variáveis ​​fisiográficas que melhor explicam a variação da temperatura anual e a variabilidade térmica entre as estações na área de estudo. As oscilações na temperatura média são decorrentes dos sistemas sinóticos operando no período chuvoso e seco, bem como dos impactos ao meio ambiente, podendo essas oscilações estar relacionadas aos fatores causadores e/ou inibidores dos índices pliométricos intermunicipais.
Presidencias de comisión e institucionalización de la Cámara de Diputados en México (1997-2018)
Authors: Bárcena Juárez Sergio , Urbina Gustavo Adolfo
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo estudia la selección de presidentes de comisión como indicador sustantivo de institucionalización parlamentaria. El caso de estudio seleccionado para llevar a cabo dicho análisis es la Cámara de Diputados de México durante los 21 años de congresos no mayoritarios (1997-2018). Esta asamblea resulta apropiada para cuestionar los preceptos tradicionales de la teoría informativa dado el impedimento para la reelección inmediata de sus miembros y la carencia de instituciones que recompensen la experiencia de los representantes con cargos jerárquicos en comisiones. Mediante una base de datos propia con información biográfica, institucional, partidista y electoral de los 3,841 congresistas federales que ocuparon un asiento en la asamblea entre 1997 y 2018, y a partir de modelos logísticos de efectos condicionados, los resultados sugieren que tanto la experiencia parlamentaria de los legisladores como la adquisición de conocimientos en áreas particulares de política pública en espacios alternos al congresional, adquirieron cada vez más relevancia como factores definitorios para el acceso a presidencias de comisión.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI RESPONSIBLE APP BERBASIS E-LEARNING SEBAGAI PENUNJANG PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Muthiah K Iin , Yunus Muhammad , Jamaluddin Jaja
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Aplikasi Responsible App Berbasis E-Learning sebagai Penunjang Pembelajaran Daring bagi guru dan siswa di Sekolah Dasar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang mengacu pada prosedur penelitian yang dikemukakan oleh Borg & Gall dimulai dari tahap pengumpulan informasi sampai dengan revisi produk akhir berupa aplikasi Responsible App. Sampel penelitian adalah guru dan siswa yang berjumlah 51 orang. Prosedur pengembangan produk diawali dengan studi pendahuluan, perencanaan, pengembangan produk awal, validasi, revisi, uji coba terbatas, revisi produk operasional, uji coba operasional hingga revisi produk akhir. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi yang dianalisis dengan analisis data persentase dan kriteria kevalidan, kepraktisan serta keefektifan produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan aplikasi Responsible App berbasis E-Learning dapat digunakan sebagai Penunjang Pembelajaran Daring siswa di Sekolah Dasar berdasarkan hasil validasi senilai 1,00 pada kriteria sangat valid. Hasil dari uji kepraktisan dan uji keefektifan produk yang masing-masing memiliki persentase sebesar 91,23% dan 93,60% pada kriteria sangat praktis dan sangat efektif. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan aplikasi Responsible App layak digunakan sebagai penunjang pembelajaran daring siswa di Sekolah Dasar
STUDI DESKRIPTIF PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA BIDANG STUDI BAHASA INDONESIA DI KELAS IIA SD INPRES LANRAKI 1 KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Lambi Junita , Madjid Syahriah , Lutfin Nursamsilis
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan yaitu untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran daring pada bidang studi bahasa indonesia serta hambatan dalam pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru kelas IIA dan siswa kelas IIA. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah Teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring pada bidang studi bahasa indonesia serta hambatan pembelajaran dimana dalam pelaksanaannya guru sudah melakukan perencanaan pembelajaran dan menggunakan media serta metode pembelajaran, namun adapun hambatan dalam pembelajaran yaitu bagi siswa yang sulit memahami materi pelajaran dan bagi guru yang mengalami kesulitan mengimplementasikan pembelajaran daring terutama bidang studi bahasa indonesia di kelas IIA. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring pada bidang studi bahasa indonesia, nilai yang diperoleh siswa kelas IIA pada bidang studi bahasa indonesia menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas IIA dapat dikatakan tuntas karena semua siswa telah mencapai nilai ketuntasan yang ditetapkan oleh satuan pendidikan yaitu 75.
PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK KELAS IV SD INPRES LANRAKI 1 KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Sinar Enjelin , Hamid Sundari , Pillang Abdul Rahman
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pendidikan karakter pada pembelajaran tematik di Kelas IV SD Inpres Lanraki I Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Subjek penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah peserta didik, orang tua dan guru. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data serta penarikan kesimpulan. Temuan pada penelitian ini menunjukkan penerapan pendidikan karakter meliputi perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik. Proses pelaksanaannya guru menerapkan pendidikan karakter melalui kegiatan pembelajaran, metode pembelajaran, diskusi dan penugasan. Pada pembelajaran tematik pada tema 1, nilai karakter yang dikembangkan oleh guru ada empat yaitu religius, disiplin, kerja keras, dan tanggung jawab. Kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam menerapkan pendidikan karakter adalah faktor dari diri sendiri guru, keadaan sekarang yaitu belajar secara daring dan dukungan orang tua.
PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN LEARNING START WITH A QUESTION (LSQ) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS KELAS IV SD NEGERI BATULACCU MAKASSAR
Authors: Lamba Rosy Novita , Nur Muhammad , Arsyad Susalti Nur
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh  metode pembelajaran Learning Start With A Question (LSQ) terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS Kelas IV SD Negeri Batulaccu Makassar Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian Kuantitatif dengan metode quasy eksperimental dengan desain nonequivalent control grup design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV A dan IV B sebanyak 38 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah Observasi, Tes dan Dokumentasi. Hasil tes menunjukkan nilai rata-rata siswa pada kelas eksperimen sebanyak 22 siswa  yaitu  80,00 dan pada kelas kontrol nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu 76,25 sebanyak 16 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dari hipotesis yang menggunakan paired sample t-test hasil perhitungan data menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikan (Sig.2-tailed) adalah 0,000. Jadi, pengujian hipotesisnya diterima karena 0,000 < 0,05. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada penerapan metode pembelajaran Learning Start With A Question (LSQ) terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas IV SD Negeri Batulaccu Makassar.
HUBUNGAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS V UPTD SDN 159 INPRES TEKOLABBUA KABUPATEN MAROS
Authors: Hamdayani Hamdayani , Hamid Sundari , Arsyad Susalti Nur
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara minat belajar siswa dengan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas V UPTD SDN 159 Inpres Tekolabbua Kabupaten Maros. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian expostfacto populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Teknik analisis data untuk menguji hipotesis dilakukan dengan perhitungan statistic korelasi product moment. Hasil dari uji validitas angket minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS diperoleh 13 butir instrumen yang dinyatakan valid dari 15 butir instrumen yang diujicobakan. Dari uji t yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil thitung lebih besar dari ttabel yaitu thitung sebesar 4,381 dan ttabel (db=30), yaitu 2.093 jadi thitung ≥ ttabel maka HI diterima dan  H0  ditolak, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel X dan variabel Y. Dari pengujian hipotesis tersebut terbukti bahwa ada hubungan antara minat belajar dengan hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas V UPTD SDN 159 Inpres Tekolabbua Kabupaten Maros
On Teaching Sallust in Latin: The Why and the How
Authors: Garrido Jorge
Published: July 2022

There exist many pedagogical methods we can use to examine, expound and explain ancient authors to our students. In this paper I propose an alternative approach to teach Sallust in an undergraduate setting, with explanatory aids, exercises, tests and quizzes. These latter result not from a quick consideration, but from daily use and application in my own classes. In addition, I give reasons why it is helpful to teach Latin in Latin and what advantages it has for students who have learnt well the grammar and have moved on to reading and analysis of the ancient texts. Students, who had had no prior exposure to this approach, completed an evaluation questionnaire at the end of the academic year; the results are provided as a conclusion of the article.
“Adams’ Law” and the Placement of esse in Pliny the Younger
Authors: Keeline Thomas
Published: July 2022

J. N. Adams showed that in Latin of the first century BCE, the verb esse does not necessarily gravitate to “second position” within a phrase; i.e., its placement is not in line with Jacob Wackernagel’s “law of enclitics.” Instead, esse tends to cliticize on—immediately follow—the focus of the phrase. By examining all instances of forms of esse in Plin. Ep. 1 and 10, I show that Adams’ observation still holds true ca. 100 CE. In a pedagogical epilogue, I offer some thoughts on the implications of such subtleties for the teaching and learning of Latin today.
The Utility and Representational Opportunity of Latin Novellas
Authors: Ramsby Teresa
Published: July 2022

This paper argues for the use of the Latin novella in Latin, educational contexts, particularly within the K-12 classroom. The design of Latin novellas corresponds to features associated with Comprehensible Input: offering a limited and repeated vocabulary, and providing compelling narratives. The many Latin novellas now published broaden the opportunity for narrative selection by Latin students, giving students a choice in what they read. Moreover, many narratives feature central characters that increase the representation of layers of society typically found in Latin textbooks or in the ancient, classical sources. By way of example, Cloelia, by Ellie Arnold, receives focus in this paper.
Epidemiological portrait of noroviral infection
Authors: Kosova A. A. , Chalapa V. I. , Itani T. M. , Semenov A. V.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Noroviruses are a common cause of acute gastroenteritis with significant public health burden, including outbreaks in health facilities, closed and semi-closed settings. This study aims to present a global overview and trends in noroviral epidemiology and highlights the important biological properties of norovirus. Materials and methods. The bibliographic databases (PubMed and Russian Science Citation Index) were searched based on the keyword “norovirus” (in English and Russian languages respectively) without restrictions and 338 papers were retrieved. Results and Discussion. Human noroviruses are highly genetically diverse and evolve rapidly, evading the host's immune response. In addition to being highly contagious, the lack of a robust cell culture system complicates vaccine development for noroviral infection prevention. This highlights the importance of surveillance and infection control measures, for efficient use of available healthcare resources for maximizing health benefits. Common preventive measures include providing the public with safe water and food (i.e. decontamination), improvement of hand hygiene, early detection, and isolation of infected individuals. Current surveillance techniques include sentinel surveillance, molecular surveillance, disease modeling, and prediction. Further investigations in the field of norovirus prevention and control and its economics are needed, since some studies demonstrate inconsistent results (i.e. effectiveness of hand sanitizers). Conclusion. Noroviral infections represent a significant public health burden and current surveillance techniques require further improvement in terms of sensitivity and accuracy. There is a need to push research in the field of prevention and control measures (safety of water and food supply, early isolation of infected patients, sufficient hand hygiene) and their effectiveness.
Using Foresight Technology to Limit the Spread of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Population
Authors: Struin N. L. , Struina N. N. , Ufimtseva M. A. , Andreev Ju. Ju. , Gurkovskaya E. P.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Over the past decade there has been a steady increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which are one of the main causes of reproductive health problems in the world. In the Russian Federation, as in the rest of the world, this problem is relevant, especially among pregnant women. In addition, the problem of detecting, registering, and recording the prevalence of STIs, as well as involving contact persons in the examination remains a problem in Russia. The purpose of this work was to analyze the possibility of using foresight technology to reduce morbidity and monitor the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in the population, including by evaluating the available literature. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of medical records of syphilis and gonorrhea morbidity in the Sverdlovsk region over a ten-year period was carried out. Intensity rates of gonorrhea, syphilis and other infections per 100 thousand people were calculated. Student's test was used to compare incidence rates. Results. In order to implement foresight-technology we determined the basic indicators of morbidity indicator: gender, age and social data, belonging to "risk groups", motivational and behavioral features of different groups in the population. The incidence of syphilis and gonorrhea in the Sverdlovsk region over a 10-year period decreased by more than 50% (p < 0.05), the incidence rate of syphilis in the group of pregnant women in 2019 is five times higher than in the entire population of the Sverdlovsk region (p < 0.05). The actual discrepancy between the trend for 2019 and the registered actual incidence in the same year was 1.7-3 times. Discussion. Based on the discrepancy between the actually registered incidence of syphilis and gonococcal infection with the calculated trend for them, the main groups of problems in the organization of the activities of medical institutions were identified. Conclusions. The use of elements of foresight technology to limit the spread of STIs by organizing medical and preventive measures to minimize and prevent infection with these infections, both in specific populations and in the general population, allows for the effectiveness of this work in the practice of the dermatovenerologist.
Analysis of wound discharge microbiota in patients with drug-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Vinogradova N. G. , Kharitonova M. P. , Lvov K. V.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Several key factors in the pathogenesis of drug-associated osteonecrosis have been described in the literature, among which infectious agents play a not insignificant role. The features of the jaw bones and invasive dental manipulations contribute to the adhesion and colonization of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, which contributes to the progression of the disease. The aim of the investigation was to study and analyze the microbiota of the wound discharge in case of medication-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw and to reveal possible etiologically significant microorganisms. Materials and Methods. The study group included 30 men and 26 women with the diagnosis of medication-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (mean age 66,8 ± 10,03 years), comparison group included 55 men and 27 women with odontogenic inflammatory diseases (mean age 43,6±5,8 years). Microbiota of the wound discharge was studied in the patients of the main group and its composition was compared with the microbiota of the exudate from the control group patients. The results were analyzed on the basis of cultural peculiarities. Results. In the main group association of three or more microorganisms was detected in 62,5 % of cases. In the monoculture in 25 % of cases staphylococci were isolated, in 12,5 % – Escherichia coli family. In the comparison group, staphylococci were detected in 60.9 %, the streptococcus family in 14.6 %, the E. coli family in 8.5 %, and associations of microorganisms in 15.8 %. Discussion. The study found that in the main group microbial associations predominated over monoculture. In the comparison group representatives of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus families were leading. The CFU level in the main group was between 50 and 60 per cup in 100 %, indicating moderate growth. The comparison group was dominated by moderate growth of microorganisms, over high infestation. Conclusion. The analysis of the wound discharge microbiota in the patients of the main group showed that the species composition was represented by the associations of microorganisms in contrast to the control group patients where the leading microorganisms were representatives of the family of staphylococci and streptococci. The predominance of microbial associations over monocultures indicates that colonization of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria is not a leading factor in the development of drug-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw, but only contributes to the progression of the disease against other factors of pathogenesis.