bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of phosphogypsum and water-retaining in the stabilization and durability of stabilized mortars
Authors: Zaleski Alessandra , Rocha Janaíde Cavalcante
Published: December 2022

This work corresponds to a study on using a cellulose-based water-retaining agent, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), in phosphogypsum (PG)-stabilized mortars. The results in cementitious pastes showed that when PG replaced cement, there was a reduction in the fluidity of the mixture (by 64.32%) and a drastic increase in the flow stress (from 1.8 to 614.0 Pa) due to its greater need for water, proving to be porous. However, when PG was combined with the hydration stabilizing admixture (HSA) and HPMC, greater fluidity, lower yield stress, and lower viscosity were obtained. In addition, PG contributed to the delay in setting times. In the stabilized mortars, the use of HPMC ceased the phenomenon of water exudation, and the additions of 0.15 and 0.20% provided the highest compressive strengths to the 48 h mortars (±5.28 and 5.28 MPa, respectively). On the other hand, the increase in HSA content to 1.2% at 72 h stabilization caused losses in mechanical performance and modulus of elasticity. Still, when comparing the compressive strength of the 48 h mortar with PG vs mortar with cement, there is a 71.13% increase in strength.
Effects of the gaseous signalling molecule nitroxyl (HNO) on myenteric neurons governing intestinal motility
Authors: Pouokam Ervice
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The main function of myenteric neurons is the control of gut motility. As we recently showed that nitroxyl (HNO) induces intestinal smooth muscle relaxation, it was of interest to evaluate the effects of this signalling molecule on myenteric neurons in order to distinguish its properties in regard to myocytes.

Methods

Myenteric neurons isolated from the ileum of 4–10 days old rats were used. HNO-induced changes in intracellular concentration of Ca2+ or membrane potential and ion currents were measured using the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 AM or by electrophysiological whole-cell recordings, respectively. Changes in intracellular thiol groups pool were evaluated using thiol tracker violet. Angeli’s salt was used as HNO donor.

Results

The HNO donor Angeli’s salt induced a significant increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration at the concentration 50 µM and a membrane hyperpolarization from a resting membrane potential of −56.1 ± 8.0 mV to −63.1 ± 8.7 mV (n=7). Although potassium channels primarily drive membrane potential changes in these cells, outwardly rectifying potassium currents were not significantly affected by 50 µM Angeli’s salt. Fast inward sodium currents were slightly but not significantly reduced by HNO. In more sensitive cells, HNO tended to reduce the pool of thiol groups.

Conclusions

As in the case of smooth muscle cells, HNO causes hyperpolarization of myenteric neurons, an effect also associated with an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Pathways other than activation of potassium currents appear to drive the hyperpolarization evoked by HNO.
Fetal left brachiocephalic vein diameters in normal and growth restricted fetuses
Authors: Kaymak Didem , Alpay Verda , Davutoğlu Ebru Alıcı , Makul Melike , Madazlı Riza
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To develop a nomogram for fetal left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV) diameters during a healthy pregnancy and to assess LBCV values in fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Methods

This prospective observational study included 31 FGR pregnancies and 438 low-risk pregnancies. The low-risk group was used to determine the 5th, mean, and 95th percentiles for the LBCV between 12 and 39 weeks of gestation based on gestational age. On growth charts, LBCV measurements of FGR fetuses were displayed, and those above the gestational age 95th percentile were considered wide vein. Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and ductus venosus (DV) Doppler parameters were evaluated in FGR fetuses.

Results

LBCV diameter increased significantly with advancing gestational age. The LBCV diameters were above the 95th percentile in 23 of the 31 FGR fetuses (74.2%). All fetuses (15/15, 100%) with early-onset (EO)-FGR and 8 fetuses (8/16, 50%) with the late-onset (LO)-FGR had LBCV values above the 95th percentile (p<0.01). UA-PI was significantly higher and MCA-PI and CPR were significantly lower in LO-FGR fetuses with LBCV diameters above the 95th percentile (p<0.05).

Conclusions

LBCV diameters of fetuses with FGR were significantly wider than the normal population. In the LO-FGR group, there was a good correlation between LBCV diameter and CPR.
Exploring How Chinese TV Dramas Reach Global Audiences via Viki in the Transnational Flow of TV Content
Authors: Zhang Shanshan
Published: December 2022

Since 2014, more and more Chinese dramas have been streamed on international platforms such as YouTube, Netflix, Amazon Prime, and Hulu, as well as on regional ones such as Viu, Naver, etc. Among those sites, Viki, with its special affordance features, has become a major platform for Chinese TV dramas to reach a global audience. The presence of Chinese TV dramas on Viki is a successful case of contra-flow of media products propelled by political, economic, technological and cultural factors. Based on the political economy and platform affordance theory, this paper explores why and how Chinese TV dramas offer new ways of presenting audiovisual content. It starts by laying out the political-economic context of the globalization of Chinese TV dramas and then focuses on how Viki has become a streaming hub. It examines the motivations of TV drama producers and distributors in the distribution of Viki and investigates the role of Viki from its specific platform affordances. The principal data sources of this study are market reports, news, and online observation. They show the internationalization process of Chinese TV dramas on Viki. The findings of this study share insights into how Chinese TV dramas as a kind of cultural product become internationalized in the platformization age of video-streaming and what the contra-flow of entertainment content implicates.
The Pahoturi River language family, with special reference to its verbal puzzles
Authors: Lindsey Kate L. , Schokkin Dineke , Wu Nairan
Published: December 2022

This profile of the Pahoturi River language family of southern Papua New Guinea draws from extensive fieldwork on Idi [ISO 639-3: idi] and Ende [kit] – two of six varieties comprising this family – and brief surveying of the other four, which we illustrate in print for the first time. We present the first typological treatment of Pahoturi River in pursuit of shining more light on this understudied corner of the linguistic landscape. This profile is organized into two parts: first, we present sections on the basic structures and systems of Pahoturi River, illustrated with examples from across the family and supplemented with descriptions of Idi and Ende as relevant. From our preliminary data on the four other varieties, we gather that they are similar to Idi and Ende in many respects, but more investigation is warranted. Second, we provide an in-depth treatment of the verbal complex of Idi and Ende. We highlight two intriguing aspects of these complex systems – analytic constructions and ditransitive indexing – that distinguish the Pahoturi River family and the linguistic region of southern New Guinea.
Price of a Surprise: The Effects of Election Outcomes on Stock Market Returns and Volatility
Authors: Arin K. Peren , Elmassah Suzanna , Kaplan Samuel , Spagnolo Nicola
Published: December 2022

By utilizing a novel data set of 24 democracies for the 1972–2018 period, we investigate how election outcomes, including election surprises, are priced by the stock market. We show that an election surprise increases volatility but has no significant effect on excess returns. A win by a coalition announced prior to the election decreases volatility, however, a large winning percentage for the lead party within the coalition decreases excess returns. An unexpected winning margin over the closest competitor by the lead party decreases volatility by consolidating power, but only in parliamentary elections. Party orientation for the winning party affects neither excess returns nor volatility, even if it is unexpected.
Applicability of Large-Scale Direct Tension Specimens to Quantify Tensile Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Roberson Madeleine M. , Howard Isaac L. , Shannon Jay , Carey Ashley S.
Published: December 2022

In this study, a large-scale direct tension specimen (minimum cross-sectional area of 11,000 mm2) was developed to determine its ability to quantify tensile behaviors of fiber-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete. Direct tension specimens were successfully mixed and molded using readily available equipment in a typical construction materials laboratory. Results from large-scale direct tension tests were compared with results from commonly used indirect methods (i.e., splitting cylinder strength and double punch testing). At early ages, direct tensile specimens had a 0 % failure rate and recorded coefficient of variation values of 6.2 %. Computerized tomography scans from several sections within a large-scale specimen showed sufficiently random fiber orientation, particularly within the desired fracture region. Altogether, this effort showed that large-scale direct tension specimens were successfully able to quantify tensile strength of fiber-reinforced concrete; however, the effects of fiber orientation and boundary conditions on postcracking tensile strength of large-scale specimens need to be further evaluated in future efforts.
Proctor and Harvard Miniature Compaction Energy Comparison
Authors: Loshelder Julia I. , Errigo Chanis Ana Laura , Coffman Richard A.
Published: December 2022

The objective of this research was to investigate the potential for the Harvard Miniature Compaction Apparatus (HMCA) to replace that of Proctor compaction for fine-grained soils by equating the applied energy of the two compaction methods. The HMCA tamper rod includes a spring, so the energy applied by the HMCA was developed by calculating the potential energy of the spring. The displacement of the spring was adjusted to provide reduced energy (300 kN-m/m3 [6,200 ft-lbf/ft3]), standard energy (600 kN-m/m3 [12,400 ft-lbf/ft3]), or modified energy (2,700 kN-m/m3 [56,250 ft-lbf/ft3]). Soil moisture content and dry unit weight curves were developed for compacted specimens using two fine-grained soils prepared using both methods. The best comparisons between the methods occurred at low energy levels. At standard energy for a red clay, there was a 0.40 % and 0.35 % difference in optimum moisture content and maximum dry unit weight, respectively. Similarly, at reduced energy for kaolinite, there was a 0.52 % and 0.73 % difference for the optimum moisture content and maximum dry unit weight, respectively. Based on the results of this research, there is potential for the HMCA, with potential energy adjustments, to be used in place of traditional compaction for fine-grained soil specimens, which can reduce the resources needed to conduct the compaction tests.
mTORC2 Loss in Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Results in Regional Hypomyelination in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Dahl Kristin D. , Almeida Adam R. , Hathaway Hannah A. , Bourne Jennifer , Brown Tanya L. , Finseth Lisbet T. , Wood Teresa L. , Macklin Wendy B.
Published: December 2022

In the CNS, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes to generate myelin, an essential component for normal nervous system function. OPC differentiation is driven by signaling pathways, such as mTOR, which functions in two distinct complexes: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), containing Raptor or Rictor, respectively. In the current studies, mTORC2 signaling was selectively deleted from OPCs in PDGFRα-Cre X Rictorfl/flmice. This study examined developmental myelination in male and female mice, comparing the impact of mTORC2 deletion in the corpus callosum and spinal cord. In both regions, Rictor loss in OPCs resulted in early reduction in myelin RNAs and proteins. However, these deficits rapidly recovered in spinal cord, where normal myelin was noted at P21 and P45. By contrast, the losses in corpus callosum resulted in severe hypomyelination and increased unmyelinated axons. The hypomyelination may result from decreased oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum, which persisted in animals as old as postnatal day 350. The current studies focus on uniquely altered signaling pathways following mTORC2 loss in developing oligodendrocytes. A major mTORC2 substrate is phospho-Akt-S473, which was significantly reduced throughout development in both corpus callosum and spinal cord at all ages measured, yet this had little impact in spinal cord. Loss of mTORC2 signaling resulted in decreased expression of actin regulators, such as gelsolin in corpus callosum, but only minimal loss in spinal cord. The current study establishes a regionally specific role for mTORC2 signaling in OPCs, particularly in the corpus callosum.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTmTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling has differential impact on myelination in the CNS. Numerous studies identify a role for mTORC1, but deletion of Rictor (mTORC2 signaling) in late-stage oligodendrocytes had little impact on myelination in the CNS. However, the current studies establish that deletion of mTORC2 signaling from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells results in reduced myelination of brain axons. These studies also establish a regional impact of mTORC2, with little change in spinal cord in these conditional Rictor deletion mice. Importantly, in both brain and spinal cord, mTORC2 downstream signaling targets were impacted by Rictor deletion. Yet, these signaling changes had little impact on myelination in spinal cord, while they resulted in long-term alterations in myelination in brain.
2-AG-Mediated Control of GABAergic Signaling Is Impaired in a Model of Epilepsy
Authors: Colangeli Roberto , Morena Maria , Werner Allison , Thompson Roger J. , van der Stelt Mario , Pittman Quentin J. , Hill Matthew N. , Teskey G. Campbell
Published: December 2022

Repeated seizures result in a persistent maladaptation of endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling, mediated part by anandamide signaling deficiency in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) that manifests as aberrant synaptic function and altered emotional behavior. Here, we determined the effect of repeated seizures (kindling) on 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) signaling on GABA transmission by directly measuring tonic and phasic eCB-mediated retrograde signaling in anin vitroBLA slice preparation from male rats. We report that both activity-dependent and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)-mediated depression of GABA synaptic transmission was reduced following repeated seizure activity. These effects were recapitulated in sham rats by preincubating slices with the 2-AG synthesizing enzyme inhibitor DO34. Conversely, preincubating slices with the 2-AG degrading enzyme inhibitor KML29 rescued activity-dependent 2-AG signaling, but not mAChR-mediated synaptic depression, over GABA transmission in kindled rats. These effects were not attributable to a change in cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor sensitivity or altered 2-AG tonic signaling since the application of the highly selective CB1 receptor agonist CP55,940 provoked a similar reduction in GABA synaptic activity in both sham and kindled rats, while no effect of either DO34 or of the CB1 inverse agonist AM251 was observed on frequency and amplitude of spontaneous IPSCs in either sham or kindled rats. Collectively, these data provide evidence that repeated amygdala seizures persistently alter phasic 2-AG-mediated retrograde signaling at BLA GABAergic synapses, probably by impairing stimulus-dependent 2-AG synthesis/release, which contributes to the enduring aberrant synaptic plasticity associated with seizure activity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe plastic reorganization of endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling after seizures and during epileptogenesis may contribute to the negative neurobiological consequences associated with seizure activity. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular basis underlying the pathologic long-term eCB signaling remodeling following seizure activity will be crucial to the development of novel therapies for epilepsy that not only target seizure activity, but, most importantly, the epileptogenesis and the comorbid conditions associated with epilepsy.
“INTO NJE – IT’S JUST A THING…”: BEING A LESBIAN IN A RURAL AREA
Authors: Ntuli Shadile , Ngcobo Nolwazi
Published: December 2022

The South African Constitution prohibits discrimination against individuals on the basis of their sexual orientation, yet the experiences of lesbians across various contexts is different. A thematic analysis of 10 in-depth qualitative interviews with lesbian students from rural areas expands the limited knowledge base on this issue. Although these students are studying in an urban area, this article explores the experience of lesbians in rural areas in the light of the prevailing discourses on homosexuality. The findings revealed that due to certain religious and traditional beliefs, lesbianism continues to be perceived by many, for example, as “just a thing”, unnatural, a passing phase, an embarrassment and a sin. These prevailing constructions often deterred lesbian youths from being themselves, thus forcing them to manage multiple identities between rural and urban contexts. Social workers as well as other human rights advocates should, through their research and practice, aim to make communities aware of human rights discourses that promote affirmation, safety and support for the LGBTQI population in rural areas. Keywords: lesbian, rural, urban, culture, religion
Inulinase Producing Yeast Isolated from Kepok Banana Peels (Musa acuminata x balbisiana)
Authors: Dion Romario , Wijanarka Wijanarka , Pujiyanto Sri
Published: December 2022

Inulinase enzyme (EC 3.2.1.80) is an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing inulin and is used as a catalyst in the production of High Fructose Syrup (HFS) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Inulinase enzymes can be produced by yeasts found in waste such as kepok banana peels (Musa acuminata x balbisiana). The aims of this study were to obtain the inulinase enzyme-producing yeast from kepok banana peels and to determine the effect of commercial inulin concentration and incubation time on enzyme activity. This research was conducted experimentally using a factorial completely randomized design with factors being inulin concentration of 1% (K1), 3% (K2) and 5% (K3) and incubation time of 6th (W1), 12th (W2), 18th (W3), and 24th hours (W4). The results showed that there were 4 isolates of inulinolytic yeasts obtained from kepok banana peels, namely YP1, YP2, YP4, and YP6. However, the most potential isolate to be used in inulinase production was YP2 isolate because it had the highest inulinolytic ratio value of 1.96. The results of inulinase activity showed that only inulin substrate with concentration of 5% (K3) had a significant or significant effect on inulinase production.
Effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) and Paclobutrazol (PBZ) with Light Intensity Variations for Cherry Tomatoes In vitro Flowering
Authors: Dewi Siska Citra , Prasetyo Vincentius Riandaru , Sukweenadhi Johan , Irawati Fenny , Savitri Wina Dian
Published: December 2022

Utilization of Solanum lycopersicum L. and its varieties contribute to plant biotechnology to study the effect of genes and flower transition events. This study aims to optimize media and light intensity for in vitro flowering of a cherry tomato variety. Induction of flowering was carried out using seven types of media combined with 3 light intensities, followed by feeding by adding liquid medium MS+PBZ 1 mg/L. A positive response is shown at the light intensity of 2,600 lux; there are 5 explants that have flower buds. The percentage of flower buds for each treatment combination was 50% from two replications. The first shoots occurred at 142 days after planting (DAP) on explants grown on media containing 0.5 mg/L BA, 0.75 mg/L PBZ, with feeding treatment. It can also be assumed that the emergence of flower buds occurred not because of the PGR induction treatment, but because at that time the explants had entered the generative phase, considering that the plantlets had been growing for a long time. Although the effects of BA and PBZ have not been confirmed, the use of 2,600 lux light appears to be the best condition for cherry tomato in vitro flowering induction.
Beauveria bassiana Growth and Development in Various Liquid Media
Authors: Indriyanti Dyah Rini , Alfien Muhamad Yusuf , Bintari Siti Harnina , Setiati Ning , Sumantri Gunawan , Prarastyani Herawati
Published: December 2022

Beauveria bassiana is entomopathogenic fungi that can be cultivated on solid or liquid media. The cultivation of B. bassiana on cracked corn medium leaves unwanted waste. Therefore, cultivating B. bassiana on liquid media is expected to shorten the cultivation time and leave no waste. The purpose of the research was to analyze the physical characteristics of the B. bassiana colony, nutritional changes of the liquid media, and  the pH level changes of the liquid media. This research used an experimental complete randomized design with six treatments and 4 times repetitions. The main phases of this research were the subculture of B. bassiana isolate; the preparation of liquid media consisting of distilled water, Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB), Potato Sugar extract  (PSE), PSE+NPK 1%, PSE+coconut water, PSE+NPK 1%+coconut water each for 150 ml; B. bassisana inoculation into the liquid media; incubation process for 30 days; and measurement of fungal blastospore density, medium pH, and carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content. The results obtained from the morphological observation of B.bassiana on liquid media showed that the colonies are white, growing on the surface of the media with a powdery texture. There are some differences in the nutrient content of the media after 30 days of B. Bassiana incubation. After the incubation, there is an increase in carbohydrates and a decrease in protein and lipid content, as well as an increase in the pH level of the media.
Shear behavior of notched connection for glubam-geopolymer concrete composite structures: Experimental investigation
Authors: Zhan Yulin , Huang Wenfeng , Si Ruizhe , Xiang Tianyu , Hao Liuqing
Published: December 2022

The glubam (glue-laminated bamboo)-geopolymer concrete composite (BGCC) structure is a possible way to achieve sustainable construction due to its combination of renewable resources and industrial waste. This study combined glubam and geopolymer concrete in composite structures and investigated the shear behavior of BGCC structures with notched connections. Four groups of push-out tests were designed to evaluate the influence of the number of notches and screws on the slip modulus and shear capacity. The results showed that the composite structures with notched connections failed first due to shear cracking at the interface notch. The double-notch specimens increased the shear capacity by 54% compared to single-notch specimens. The shearing bearing capacity rose by 35% on average as a screw increased in a single notch. The ductility and slip modulus were influenced primarily by the screws, with each extra screw in a single notch increasing the slip modulus by 21% in each stage. Based on the test results, a modified formula was proposed to predict the shear-bearing capacity of notched connections in BGCC structures. This study provides comparison data for further studies in the long-term behavior of BGCC structures.
Solubility of sodium oxalate in kraft black liquors above 100 °C
Authors: Khafhafera Ahmed Naser , DeMartini Nikolai
Published: December 2022

The solubility of sodium oxalate was measured in kraft black liquors at temperatures of 115 °C to 140 °C with dry solid contents of 45% to 70%. The composition of black liquors studied were varied with respect to sodium concentration by addition of sodium salts. The solubility of sodium oxalate increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing liquor dry solid contents. The solubility data showed no dependence on the liquor composition at a constant concentration of sodium. A mathematical expression was derived and validated from the experimental data at the conditions investigated to predict the solubility of sodium oxalate as a function of temperature and sodium concentration. An application to assess the solubility and precipitation risk of sodium oxalate is demonstrated in seven evaporator bodies using the newly derived models.
Green liquor desilication via black liquor combustion process for bamboo pulping
Authors: Zhang Ying , Xu Yongjian , Pei Yanghua , Yin Xuefeng
Published: December 2022

The presence of silicon in non-wood raw materials is known to interfere with the causticization of green liquor and the calcination of white mud, which has provided motivation for advances in alkali recovery technology. Therefore, reducing the silicon content of green liquor is the fundamental way to solve the problem. However, there are certain defects in conventional green liquor desilication, so this study provides a basis for desilication from green liquor via black liquor combustion and studies the desilication effect of a compound desilication agent on bamboo pulping black liquor. The results show that the desilication effect was better and the desilication rate could reach 84% when the Mg/Al proportion in compound desilication agent was 1:0.6. Meanwhile, the content of residual aluminum in green liquor decreased, which can avoid the influence of residual desilication agent on subsequent stages. Scanning electron microscopic images show that green-liquor-silicon-insoluble (GLSI) substance is a granular precipitate, and the X-ray diffraction analysis shows that GLSI substance has a complex structure similar to 3Al2O3•2SiO2•MgO. This implies that the desilication mechanism consists of chemical precipitation and physical adsorption.
Edström Håkan, Dennis Gyllensporre, Jacob Westberg. Military strategy of small states: responding to external shocks of the 21st century. Routledge, 2019, 197 p.
Authors: Rogulis Dovydas
Published: December 2022

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Understanding mechanisms of change after conversation-focused therapy in aphasia
Authors: Azios Jamie H , Archer Brent E , Lee Jaime B
Published: December 2022

Objective: Conversation therapy in aphasia is a complex but effective type of intervention aimed at changing the linguistic and non-linguistic behaviors of persons with aphasia and/or their conversational partners. Recent studies have examined the experimental effects of conversation-based intervention and found significant change in targeted conversation strategies used by people with aphasia during therapy contexts. This investigation examines the generalization of therapy effects to naturally occurring conversations outside therapy. Method: The current study uses a conversation analysis framework to examine the generalization of this change to conversations between a person with aphasia and their spouse. Results: Conversation analysis revealed changes in the sequential environment of various strategies that were targeted in conversation-based intervention. Most notably, there was a change in the flexibility and deployment of gesture type and the act of writing as a means of achieving mutual understanding. Discussion: This study adds to the growing body of evidence supporting conversation-based interventions. Qualitative analysis of conversation provides important information on a client's response to intervention and the generalization of targeted strategies to everyday contexts. Conclusion: Given the nature of complex, collaborative, and unplanned conversation, qualitative approaches allow clinicians and researchers to better understand why clients deploy strategies of interest at various junctures. These types of analyses are vital for understanding if and how meaningful life participation is achieved after skilled intervention.
Orienting to shared memories and the reminiscing of parents and their children with language disorders
Authors: Clark Charlotte , Arrington Laura , Nelson Ryan , Damico Holly , Damico Jack
Published: December 2022

Objective: Parent–child reminiscing is known to be facilitative of a child's cognitive and language development. However, little research exists examining the reminiscing of preschoolers with language disorders. This article examines the interactional and symbolic challenges that parents and children with language disorders face during reminiscing. Method: Two small groups of parent–child participants – one including children with a diagnosed disorder impacting language function and one with typically developing children – were recruited. Reminiscing conversations were elicited, and qualitative methods of analysis were employed to describe patterns of interaction related to the accomplishing of mutual orientation. Results: Reminiscing interactions are framed as occurring in negotiations between topics and in negotiations within a topic. Parents and their children with language disorders faced greater challenges in aligning expectations and mutually orienting to shared understandings of past experiences. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these challenges can support parents in reminiscing and in recognizing learning opportunities.
First saying and second saying in aphasic conversations
Authors: Yan Ruixia
Published: December 2022

Objective: This present study investigates first and second saying in aphasic conversations to demonstrate the ability of qualitative methodologies (in this case conversation analysis) to study the ways in which persons with aphasia achieve conversation success through verbal repetition in the form of first and second sayings. Method: For this explorative case study, the author drew on data from AphasiaBank, a multimedia database of discourse samples gathered from individuals with aphasia and from healthy controls. Using the framework of conversation analysis, the author discusses its position, composition, and action. Results: We demonstrated the role of the practice of recycling elements of one's own prior utterances in building socially meaningful action, presenting an image of the speaker with aphasia as someone who is competently and confidently managing throughout her impairment. Discussion: The author discusses the potential of conversation analytical techniques as tools to study the complex phenomenon of conversation as the primary vehicle for human social action. Conclusion: Through the study of ‘first saying and second saying’ in aphasic conversation, this study contributes to our understanding of how persons with aphasia strategically employ their limited linguistic resources to negotiate meaning and social action.
Investigating the interactional significance of the use of well by a child with ASD during writing interactions
Authors: Maxwell Jamie , Damico Jack
Published: December 2022

Background: Understanding the strategies children use to negotiate interactional breakdowns is important, as it can help clinicians to recognize, orient, and mediate the breakdowns collaboratively with the child, in order to re-establish intersubjectivity. In previous clinical and research contexts, one participant we observed evidenced many behaviors initially coded as ‘avoidance’ or ‘failure to maintain topic’ or as problematic in some way. These behaviors often contained specific linguistic devices (e.g., ‘hmmm,’ ‘bu:t,’ and ‘well’). The functions of well as a discourse marker have been documented extensively by conversation analysts in neurotypical populations (e.g., Heritage, 2015; Kovarsky, 1990; Pomerantz, 1984; Schegloff and Lerner, 2009; Schiffrin, 1987). This study employs principles of conversation analysis (CA) to investigate the function of well in the clinical contexts observed. Method: Interactional analysis, a hybrid approach to CA, was employed to investigate one child's use of well in writing interactions. Data were collected over the course of one semester. Three sessions were chosen for analysis, transcribed, and analyzed for instances of well. Each occurrence was analyzed and coded individually. Thematic analysis followed, in order to arrive at an overall understanding of how the participant employed well interactionally. Results: Well in turn-initial places occurred 40 times across the three sessions. These instances could be organized into four different themes of use: issue with question posed; response may not meet listener expectations; difficulty formulating response; and loss of intersubjectivity. Discussion/conclusion: This analysis highlights how the participant's use of well in the interactions analyzed was meaningful. Turns prefaced by well signaled breakdowns in intersubjectivity, a need for conversational support, disagreement, issues with the previous speaker's turn, or a warning/acknowledgement that the response might be different than the listener's expectation. Clinical and research implications are explored.
Qualitative Research in Communication Disorders: An Introduction for Students and Clinicians Edited by R. Lyons and L. McAllister (2019)
Authors: Isaksen Jytte
Published: December 2022

Qualitative Research in Communication Disorders: An Introduction for Students and Clinicians Edited by R. Lyons and L. McAllister (2019) Guildford: J & R Press, xxviii + 529pp.
Pathologist of the Mind: Adolf Meyer and the Origins of American Psychiatry By S. D. Lamb (2014)
Authors: Duchan Judith Felson
Published: December 2022

Pathologist of the Mind: Adolf Meyer and the Origins of American Psychiatry By S. D. Lamb (2014) Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, xii + 299pp.
Digital outreach in online dementia discourse
Authors: Davis Boyd H , Maclagan Margaret , Pope Charlene
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The rapid online expansion of social media can decrease social isolation for both caregivers and persons with dementia (PWD) through the digital communities they create. Background: PWD and their caregivers are increasingly turning to social media to express their own concerns and offer advice to each other. Material analyzed: Multimodal methods were used to analyze three online sites – two caregiver sites and one site for PWD. The sites are StoryCall, a video archive recorded by South Carolina caregivers about caring for US veterans with dementia; Molly and Joey, a video series of Joey's interactions with his mother Molly, who had Lewy body dementia; and Dementia Diaries, oral diaries transcribed by volunteers. Results: The topics discussed online by people who wish to advise caregivers often differ from the issues and topics that most concern or interest caregivers. Persons with dementia openly shared that they still wished to live as well as possible and wanted to be seen as real people. Implications and conclusions: Through social media, PWD remind themselves and others that they are more than their condition; similarly, caregivers of PWD educate themselves and others through sharing experiences and asking questions.
The Language and Identity of the German Minority in Poland According to a Language Biographical Study Conducted in Pomerania and Warmia-Masuria Regions
Authors: Jańczak Barbara Alicja
Published: December 2022

This paper provides an insight to the language use and identity construction of the German minority inhabiting northern parts of Poland, studied through their language biographies. The border shift after World War II changed the lives of millions of people. For the Germans who decided or were forced to stay in Poland, it meant learning a new language and culture. This study examines the influence of language management on the language biographies and identity constructions of German minority members living in northern parts of Poland. This study uses the tools of discourse analysis and aims to answer the following questions: How did language management at the macro level (primarily the post-war language policy) influence the language biographies of the interviewees regarding their language use? How do the interviewees define their identity and what patterns do they use? The language use amongst the German minority varies greatly, ranging from speakers who are competently bilingual and still use both languages in everyday communication to people who have lost the ability to speak German. One of the factors that influenced this is language management at the macro level, especially the post-war language policy, which not only affected the linguistic situation of Germans in Poland but also contributed to the creation of three different identity patterns.
The Concept of ‘Translation Equivalence’
Authors: Hoang Van Van
Published: December 2022

This paper focuses on how Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) conceptualizes translation equivalence (TE) – a concept which seems to resist any satisfactory treatment. To provide background for the study, the paper first examines some widely known formal and non-systemic functional (non-SF) perspectives on TE. Then it presents the SFL perspective on TE, focusing in particular on the current SFL perspective on TE as expounded by Halliday (2001, 2017) and Matthiessen (2001). To demonstrate the ‘appliability’ (Halliday, 2017: 34) and relevance of SFL to TE studies and translation practice, a mini-case study is conducted in which, using the current SFL model as the theoretical framework, the paper analyzes, compares, and establishes equivalent as well as non-equivalent points between a source language text passage from ‘The Old Man and the Sea’ by the American Nobel Laureate in literature, Ernest Hemmingway, and its Vietnamese translated version from ‘Ông già và bien ca’ by Huy Phuong. The study shows that SFL is highly relevant for TE. It is an ‘extravagant’ (Halliday and Martin, 2005: 26), comprehensive, coherent, and multidimensional model of language which can open huge potential for researchers and translators to use it as a theoretical framework for TE studies and translation practice.
Angola’s economy under sanctions: problems and solutions
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Lazanyuk Inna V. , Mambu Diu David ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Relevance. Africa is the continent most targeted by sanctions. African states were made subject to sanctions by the United Nations and various regional organizations such as the African Union, Economic Community of West African States, and the European Union. There is, however, still a lack of understanding of these sanctions’ intended and unintended effects in the African context, which is the research gap this study seeks to address. Research objective. This paper analyzes the role and mechanisms of the sanctions imposed by Western countries (especially the USA) against Angola and other African states to achieve certain geopolitical goals. Data and methods. This study relies on the comprehensive and recently updated dataset of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDB). The GSDB lists over 1,101 sanction cases by country and international organization. Sanctions are classified according to the three parameters: their type, objective and degree of success. The methodological framework of this study comprises the historical-logical, statistical, comparative, and analytical methods. Results. We analyzed the dynamic of the macro-economic indicators targeted by the sanctions against Angola and its political elite in 1995-2021 and found that the effects of these sanctions were not very profound. The UN sanctions, however, had a statistically and economically significant effect on the country's economic growth as they led to a considerable exports shrinkage and decline in GDP. The latter effect was possible because Angola's economy is heavily reliant on oil exports. As the imports curbed, since 1995 Angola’s trade structure has undergone some significant changes: the share of the imports from China grew by 12% between 1995 and 2019 while the share of France decreased by 8.2%, Portugal, by 9.6%, and the USA, by 10.8% Conclusions. Analysis of the GSDB data has led us to the following conclusions: first, sanctions are becoming an increasingly popular tool of international relations; second, European countries are the most frequent users of sanctions and African countries are their most frequent targets; third, sanctions are becoming increasingly diverse; and, finally, the share of trade sanctions is decreasing while the share of financial and travel sanctions is growing. At the current stage, the effect of the sanctions is weak in comparison with the declared goals although they have a negative impact on the living standards in the target countries.
Cloud computing: global trends and challenges for Russia in the time of sanctions
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Balashova Svetlana A. , Musin Timur I. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Relevance. Cloud computing brings significant benefits to economy; the speed of its adoption is crucial for emerging as well as for established businesses. In 2022, since the sanctions against Russia were introduced, the dynamically developing Russian cloud market has been dealing with new challenges, which require scholarly attention. Research Objective. The purpose of this study is to summarize the key factors that determine cloud adoption globally, identify the peculiarities of the Russian cloud market and outline the prospects for the development of cloud computing in Russia, taking into account the sanctions imposed in 2022. Data and methods. The study relies on the statistical data from global databases and market surveys. The methodological framework of the study comprises comparative analysis and scenario methods. Results. The main drivers of cloud adoption are infrastructural, economic, social and legal factors. Even though in some of these parameters Russia has achieved good results, the overall level of adoption of cloud services in the country is quite low. The Russian cloud market has a large share of local players, but the negative factor is SMEs’ reluctance to move to the cloud. Further growth in this sphere is possible, however, even if the size of the cloud market shrinks. Conclusions. The 2022 sanctions have posed a major threat to the Russian cloud market as they affected the segments of the critical IT infrastructure. However, there is likelihood that local cloud service providers might be able to substitute global providers. In many ways, it depends on the success of import substitution programs in the field of IT equipment, the policy of local providers, legislative support, and businesses’ willingness to move to the cloud.
Psicoterapia on-line e economia do compartilhamento: um estudo de caso do aplicativo FalaFreud
Authors: Antunes Deborah Christina , Holanda Rochelly Rodrigues , Sousa Brenda Lohanna Fernandes , Júlio Natacha Oliveira , Silva Lays Mendes
Published: December 2022

Resumo Este artigo resulta de estudos empíricos e teóricos sobre a captação da psicologia pelo digital e a lógica de mercado que atravessa a psicoterapia on-line. Nosso objeto de estudo é a plataforma FalaFreud, analisada a partir do aporte teórico-metodológico da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade. Na primeira fase, realizamos uma imersão netnográfica no aplicativo, seu site oficial, blog, e páginas em redes sociais. Na segunda, coletamos avaliações do aplicativo na Play Store de uma e cinco estrelas, e realizamos análises estatísticas e lexicográficas através do software Iramuteq. Os resultados apontaram quatro questões principais: a tecnologia como entrave à terapia, o usuário como entrave ao lucro, a terapia distante do aplicativo e, por fim, a felicidade como obrigação. Sugerimos a diferenciação entre terapia on-line e psicoterapia mediada por computadores, e apontamos a necessidade de discussão dessas questões no contexto da formação em psicologia em conjunto com a compreensão da sociedade mercadológica atual.
Ama teu próximo como a ti mesmo: intolerância religiosa sob uma perspectiva psicanalítica
Authors: Machado Rodolfo Rodrigues , Kyrillos Neto Fuad
Published: December 2022

Resumo Este trabalho aborda a problemática da intolerância religiosa sob a concepção de sujeito da psicanálise. Buscaremos investigar, com o sistema conceitual psicanalítico, como o fenômeno da intolerância se articula com a construção de identidade do sujeito. Para tal, faremos uma breve revisão da ideia de narcisismo, das considerações freudianas sobre o envolvimento religioso e das contribuições lacanianas à discussão acerca da religião. Pretendemos demonstrar como as elaborações teóricas se materializam ao longo da história, assim como suas ressonâncias no contemporâneo. Nesse sentido, apontaremos a relação entre a identificação religiosa e a possibilidade de um posicionamento político.
3D PRINTING APPLICATION IN BONE DEFECT AREA MEASUREMENT ON PATIENTS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP
Authors: Guan Jianzhong , Wang Zhaodong , Zhang Zheng , Wang Zhiyan , Wu Min , Zhang Heng , Chen Xiaotian , Zhou Jiansheng
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT Objectives Evaluate the application value of 3D printing technology in measuring acetabular bone defect area in adult patients diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods 23 cases of DDH requiring total hip replacement surgery were enrolled in this study. Preoperative examination confirmed the standard pelvic plain films Crowe, including 3 cases of Crowe I, 7 Crowe II, and 13 Crowe III. The 3D printing technology was used to print the hip model before the operation. Based on the pre-printed model, pre-operative planning and surgical procedures were established. The area of the acetabular bone defects was measured, the selected size prosthesis was recorded, and the surgery was performed (group A). The actual acetabular bone defect area and the prosthesis size were also recorded (group B). Results The comparative results indicated that the actual acetabular defect area measured intraoperatively and the area measured using the 3D printing technology did not significantly differ for all participants (all P>0.05). Conclusion Preoperative model can accurately measure the acetabular bone defect area for DDH. It is significant to develop individualized implants for DDH patients treated with the 3D printing technique. Level of Evidence IV: Case series.
EFFECT OF AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC TRAINING ON DIFFERENT ERGOMETERS IN RAT MUSCLE AND HEART TISSUES
Authors: Ozaki Guilherme Akio Tamura , Camargo Filho José Carlos Silva , Garcia Thiago Alves , Castoldi Robson Chacon , Belangero William Dias
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT Objective Analyze the effects of aerobic and anaerobic training on different ergometers on muscle and cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Methods The animals were separated into the following groups: Control (C), Aerobic Training in Water (ATW), Resistance Training in Water (RTW), Aerobic Training on Treadmill (ATT), and Resistance Training in Climbing (RTC). All training protocols were carried out for 4 weeks, 3 times/week. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastrocnemius muscle cells and the areas of the cardiomyocytes were measured. Results In the fast-twitch fibers, there was an increase in CSA in the RTW and RTC groups compared to the ATW (p<0.01 and p<0.01) and ATT groups (p<0.01 and p<0.01). In the slow-twitch fibers, the ATW and ATT groups demonstrated a lower CSA compared to the RTW (p=0.03 and p<0.00) and RTC groups (p<0.01 and p<0.01). In the cardiomyocytes, there was an increase in the area of the RTW and RTC groups compared to groups C (p<0.01; p<0.01), ATW (p=0.02; p<0.01), and ATT (p<0.01; p<0.01). Conclusion The anaerobic training effectively promotes hypertrophy in the fast-twitch fibers and the cardiomyocytes. Level of Evidence V; Animal experimental study.