bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can we distinguish the consequences of early maltreatment on child behaviour from idiopathic autism?
Authors: Wolstencroft Jeanne , Mandy William , Brown-Wright Lucy , Murin Marianna , Skuse David , DeJong Margaret
Published: January 2023

Objective

To identify clinical features that could distinguish children presenting with autistic-like features and a history of severe early maltreatment from children with idiopathic autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).

Design

Matched-comparison study.

Setting

Great Ormond Street Hospital, UK.

Participants

46 children with a history of early maltreatment, mean (SD) age 10.6 (3.3) years and 47 children with an ASD, mean (SD) age 10.4 (2.9) years.

Main outcome measures

A range of standardised interview and observational measures that are designed to quantify autistic traits. Caregiver and teacher reports were obtained on broader aspects of behavioural and emotional adjustment.

Results

Both groups had normal range IQ and were predominantly male. On the basis of autistic traits alone, caregiver interview and structured observation concurred that over 60% of the formerly maltreated children met criteria for an ASD. Autistic symptom profiles were very similar in both groups, although children with idiopathic ASD had significantly more marked repetitive and stereotyped behaviours. Teacher and caregiver reports indicated that children from both groups had an increased and broadly similar prevalence of emotional and behavioural disorders.

Conclusion

Children presenting with a history of early maltreatment, who show autistic traits of behaviour, have a high risk of meeting diagnostic criteria for ASD. Their symptom profiles are virtually indistinguishable from children with idiopathic autism.
Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Scottish neonates 2020–2022: a national, population-based cohort study
Authors: Goulding Anna , McQuaid Fiona , Lindsay Laura , Agrawal Utkarsh , Auyeung Bonnie , Calvert Clara , Carruthers Jade , Denny Cheryl , Donaghy Jack , Hillman Sam , Hopcroft Lisa , Hopkins Leanne , McCowan Colin , McLaughlin Terry , Moore Emily , Ritchie Lewis , Simpson Colin R , Taylor Bob , Fenton Lynda , Pollock Louisa , Gale Chris , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Robertson Chris , Sheikh Aziz , Stock Sarah , Wood Rachael
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To examine neonates in Scotland aged 0–27 days with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by viral testing; the risk of confirmed neonatal infection by maternal and infant characteristics; and hospital admissions associated with confirmed neonatal infections.

Design

Population-based cohort study.

Setting and population

All live births in Scotland, 1 March 2020–31 January 2022.

Results

There were 141 neonates with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection over the study period, giving an overall infection rate of 153 per 100 000 live births (141/92 009, 0.15%). Among infants born to women with confirmed infection around the time of birth, the confirmed neonatal infection rate was 1812 per 100 000 live births (15/828, 1.8%). Two-thirds (92/141, 65.2%) of neonates with confirmed infection had an associated admission to neonatal or (more commonly) paediatric care. Six of these babies (6/92, 6.5%) were admitted to neonatal and/or paediatric intensive care; however, none of these six had COVID-19 recorded as their main diagnosis. There were no neonatal deaths among babies with confirmed infection.

Implications and relevance

Confirmed neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection was uncommon over the first 23 months of the pandemic in Scotland. Secular trends in the neonatal confirmed infection rate broadly followed those seen in the general population, although at a lower level. Maternal confirmed infection at birth was associated with an increased risk of neonatal confirmed infection. Two-thirds of neonates with confirmed infection had an associated admission to hospital, with resulting implications for the baby, family and services, although their outcomes were generally good. Ascertainment of confirmed infection depends on the extent of testing, and this is likely to have varied over time and between groups: the extent of unconfirmed infection is inevitably unknown.
Extreme alkalaemia with mixed alkalosis due to suspected acute-on-chronic respiratory alkalosis
Authors: Nohomovich Brian , Gomes Thales , Pinheiro Alves Alana , Ortiz Alexandra Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

Herein we present a case of severe alkalaemia (pH 7.81) due to suspected acute-on-chronic respiratory alkalosis in a patient with chronic anxiety and metabolic alkalosis secondary to emesis. The patient was managed in the intensive care unit with significant improvement and discharged in stable condition. The case report emphasises considering a broad differential of aetiologies that can cause acid–base status derangements and identifying the appropriate therapeutic approach.
NKX2-5 genetic mutation in a young woman with an atrial septal defect presenting with complete heart block: ICD or bradycardia pacemaker?
Authors: El-Medany Ahmed , Aziz Shahid , Duncan Edward
Published: January 2023

A woman in her 40s was admitted following syncope. The 12-lead ECG showed atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response and suspected complete atrioventricular (AV) block. Cardiac monitoring demonstrated non-sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). Her medical history included surgical repair of an atrial septal defect (ASD) aged 4 years. The patient’s mother died suddenly in her early 50s and also had an ASD. Given the patient’s syncope, background of familial sudden cardiac death (SCD), suspicion of complete AV block and non-sustained VT, she received an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD). She underwent genetic testing, revealing a heterozygous NKX2-5 genetic mutation. The signature phenotype in NKX2-5 mutations is ASD with AV conduction disturbance and an increased risk of SCD secondary to ventricular arrhythmias or severe bradycardia. SCD has been described in NKX2-5 mutation carriers despite functioning permanent pacemakers (PPMs). Therefore, we propose implantation of a preventive ICD, as opposed to a PPM.
STING agonism overcomes STAT3-mediated immunosuppression and adaptive resistance to PARP inhibition in ovarian cancer
Authors: Ding Liya , Wang Qiwei , Martincuks Antons , Kearns Michael J , Jiang Tao , Lin Ziying , Cheng Xin , Qian Changli , Xie Shaozhen , Kim Hye-Jung , Launonen Inga-Maria , Färkkilä Anniina , Roberts Thomas M , Freeman Gordon J , Liu Joyce F , Konstantinopoulos Panagiotis A , Matulonis Ursula , Yu Hua , Zhao Jean J
Published: January 2023

Background

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition (PARPi) has demonstrated potent therapeutic efficacy in patients with BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer. However, acquired resistance to PARPi remains a major challenge in the clinic.

Methods

PARPi-resistant ovarian cancer mouse models were generated by long-term treatment of olaparib in syngeneic Brca1-deficient ovarian tumors. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-mediated immunosuppression was investigatedin vitroby co-culture experiments andin vivoby analysis of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of human and mouse PARPi-resistant tumors. Whole genome transcriptome analysis was performed to assess the antitumor immunomodulatory effect of STING (stimulator of interferon genes) agonists on myeloid cells in the TME of PARPi-resistant ovarian tumors. A STING agonist was used to overcome STAT3-mediated immunosuppression and acquired PARPi resistance in syngeneic and patient-derived xenografts models of ovarian cancer.

Results

In this study, we uncover an adaptive resistance mechanism to PARP inhibition mediated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME. Markedly increased populations of protumor macrophages are found in BRCA-deficient ovarian tumors that rendered resistance to PARPi in both murine models and patients. Mechanistically, PARP inhibition elevates the STAT3 signaling pathway in tumor cells, which in turn promotes protumor polarization of TAMs. STAT3 ablation in tumor cells mitigates polarization of protumor macrophages and increases tumor-infiltrating T cells on PARP inhibition. These findings are corroborated in patient-derived, PARPi-resistant BRCA1-mutant ovarian tumors. Importantly, STING agonists reshape the immunosuppressive TME by reprogramming myeloid cells and overcome the TME-dependent adaptive resistance to PARPi in ovarian cancer. This effect is further enhanced by addition of the programmed cell death protein-1 blockade.

Conclusions

We elucidate an adaptive immunosuppression mechanism rendering resistance to PARPi in BRCA1-mutant ovarian tumors. This is mediated by enrichment of protumor TAMs propelled by PARPi-induced STAT3 activation in tumor cells. We also provide a new strategy to reshape the immunosuppressive TME with STING agonists and overcome PARPi resistance in ovarian cancer.
Frequency of joint inflammation is associated with local joint damage progression in rheumatoid arthritis despite long-term targeted treatment
Authors: Heckert Sascha L , Bergstra Sytske Anne , Goekoop-Ruiterman Yvonne P M , Güler-Yüksel Melek , Lems Willem F , Matthijssen Xanthe M E , van Oosterhout Maikel , Huizinga Tom W J , Allaart Cornelia F
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To investigate whether in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequency of local joint inflammation is associated with radiographic joint damage progression in that joint.

Methods

Data from 473 patients with RA and available radiographs from the BeSt study were used. Patients were treated to target (Disease Activity Score of ≤2.4) for a median of 10 years. At each study visit every 3 months, joints were assessed for swelling and tenderness. Radiographs of hands and feet were made yearly. A generalised linear mixed model was used to assess the association between the percentage of study visits at which clinical inflammation was observed in a joint (cumulative inflammation) and radiographic joint damage in that same joint. Clinical inflammation was primarily defined as joint swelling (with or without joint tenderness). For secondary analyses, we also investigated joint tenderness without joint swelling. Damage was measured as the percentage of the maximum possible Sharp-Van der Heijde score in a particular joint.

Results

Cumulative local joint swelling was associated with local progression of radiographic damage in the same joint (β=0.14, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.15). This association was also found in a subset of joints that were swollen at least once. Cumulative local joint tenderness without concurrent local joint swelling was less strongly associated with local radiographic joint damage progression (β=0.04, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.05).

Conclusions

In RA, long-term cumulative local joint inflammation is associated with joint damage progression in the same joint.
Impact of smoking intensity and device cleaning on IQOS emissions: comparison with an array of cigarettes
Authors: Ardati Ola , Adeniji Ayomipo , El Hage Rachel , Salman Rola , El-Kaassamani Malak , Yassine Amira , Talih Soha , Hourani Mario , Karaoghlanian Nareg , Breland Alison , Eissenberg Thomas , Saliba Najat , Shihadeh Alan , El-Hellani Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Significance

IQOS is a heated tobacco product that has been widely advertised by Philip Morris International (PMI) as a reduced-exposure product compared with cigarettes. Reduced exposure results from reduced emission of toxicants which could be influenced by product constituents and user behaviour. This study aims to assess the influence of user behaviour, including device cleaning and puffing parameters, on toxicant emissions from IQOS.

Methods

IQOS aerosols were generated by a smoking machine using the combination of two cleaning protocols (after 1 stick vs 20 sticks) and five puffing regimes (including standard cigarette puffing regimes and IQOS-tailored regimes). The generated aerosols were analysed by targeted methods for phenol and carbonyl quantification, and by chemical screening for the identification of unknown compounds.

Results

Puffing parameters significantly affected phenol and carbonyl emissions while device cleaning had no effect. Harsher puffing conditions like more, longer, and larger puffs yielded higher levels for most toxicant emissions. Comparing the obtained data with data reported by PMI on 50 cigarette brands smoked under different puffing regimes showed various trends for phenol and carbonyl emissions, with IQOS emissions sometimes higher than cigarettes. Also, the chemical screening resulted in the tentative identification of ~100 compounds in the IQOS aerosols (most of limited toxicity data).

Conclusion

This study showed that puffing parameters, but not device cleaning, have significant effects on carbonyl, phenol and other emissions. Data analysis highlighted the importance of comparing IQOS emissions with an array of commercial cigarettes tested under different puffing regimes before accepting reduced exposure claims.
Gravity, axion Chern-Simons Einstein, and black holes
Authors: Nashed G. G. L.
Published: January 2023

The low-energy limit of string theory involves an anomaly-removing correction of the action of Einstein-Hilbert, which defines a practical idea: Chern-Simons (CS) modified gravity. The CS correction composes of the product of a scalar field with the Pontryagin density, in which the scalar field is considered as a background field (non-dynamical formulation) or as an evolving field (dynamical formulation). Different solutions of Einstein’s general relativity (GR) continue in the amended theory; a keyable exception is the Kerr metric, which has affected a search for rotating black hole solutions. In this study, we derive a black solution characterizing a rotating black hole within the non-dynamical and dynamical frame of CS axion Einstein gravity (CSAEG). The case of non-dynamical has no new physics different from GR, which is consistent with what is presented in the literature. The main merit of this study is that in the dynamical framework of CSAEG, we show that the scalar field has a dynamical value up to the first-order approximation and under some constraints between the unknown functions that characterize this theory. Moreover, we show that the function U that characterizes CS can help to weaken the singularity for the invariant $$^{*} \! R R$$

∗

R
R

.
On a characteristic class associated with deformations of foliations
Authors: Asuke Taro
Published: January 2023

A characteristic class for deformations of foliations called the Fuks–Lodder–Kotschick class (FLK class) is studied. It seems unknown if there is a real foliation with nontrivial FLK class. In this paper, we show some conditions to assure the triviality of the FLK class. On the other hand, we show that the FLK class is easily to be nontrivial for transversely holomorphic foliations. We present an example and give a construction which generalizes it.
Geometrical proof of generalized mirror transformation of projective hypersurfaces
Authors: Jinzenji Masao
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we propose a geometrical proof of the generalized mirror transformation of genus [Formula: see text] Gromov–Witten invariants of degree [Formula: see text] hypersurface in [Formula: see text].
Charge transport in two-dimensional disordered systems with an external electric field
Authors: Dutra R. F. , Santos Junior M. S. , Messias D. , Mendes C. V. C. , Sales M. O. , de Moura F. A. B. F.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we consider a square lattice with correlated random hopping terms under the effect of an external electric field. We analyzed the dynamics of an initially localized electronic wave packet using a Taylor formalism to solve the Schrödinger dynamic equation. Our calculations suggest that the correlated disorder promotes a fast electronic propagation for intermediate times. When we switch on a static electric field, we observe an oscillatory behavior similar to the well-known “Bloch oscillations” phenomenology. We calculate the frequency of these oscillations, and our results are in good agreement with those predicted by the semi-classical approach used in crystalline lattices. Based on the local disorder and in the absence of extended states in our model, we discussed the stability of these apparent “Bloch oscillations”.
Systematic Review of the Latest Scientific Publications on the Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Endler Kellen D. , Scarpin Cassius T. , Steiner Maria T. A. , Choueiri Alexandre C.
Published: January 2023

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) and its variants are a class of network problems that have attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years, owing to their pragmatic approach to solving issues in logistics management. Most surveys/reviews of the extant literature often focus on specific variants or aspects of the VRP. However, a few reviews of the overall VRP literature are available. The focus of these papers is to identify which VRP literature characteristics are the most popular in recent studies. To this end, we analyze 229 articles published between 2015 and 2017. We provide a systematic literature review evaluating the Scenario Characteristics and Problem Physical Characteristics that are most frequently addressed by VRP researchers, the Type of Study and Data Characteristics that they address, the most cited works that constitute the theoretical pillars of the field, and details of three specific problem variants that have been studied extensively in recent years and their opportunities for future research.
Quantum Fisher information matrix for the two-axis twisting model at thermal equilibrium
Authors: Aldhuwayhi Mona , Zidan Nour , Alhashash Abeer , Rahman Atta Ur
Published: January 2023

Quantum Fisher Information Matrix (QFIM) is a fundamental concept in quantum-theoretical measurement that emphasizes the importance of quantum Cramér–Rao bound in estimating quantum parameters. Many relationships have been discovered between QFIM and many recent areas of research in quantum information. These relationships indicate that QFIM is not just a concept in quantum metrology but is a fundamental quantity in quantum information. The ability to estimate parameters and describe the optimal induced conditions for the thermal state of the two-axis twisting model was examined. QFIM is used as an estimator for multiple parameters. We show that simultaneous estimation reduces the estimate of parameter variation, so the accuracy of simultaneously estimating parameters is much better than individually. Each parameter can be used to control the criterion to reduce the minimum differences between other parameters.
Cobalt concentration on the interface mechanism between diamond coating and cemented carbide substrate by first-principles calculation and experimental study
Authors: Hu Jibo , Jian Xiaogang
Published: January 2023

In this paper, cobalt concentration on the interface mechanism between diamond coating and cemented carbide substrate was used by first-principles calculation and experimental study. The interface model was built and analyzed. The effect of pretreatment time on the Co concentration on the surface of cemented carbide was studied. The relationship between the bond strength of the WC–Co/diamond interface was analyzed based on energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and indentation. The simulation results showed that the bonding strength of the WC–Co/diamond interface increased gradually with the decrease of Co concentration and has an extreme value. The test results showed that the pretreatment decobaltization time was 20 min and the bonding strength of the membrane substrate is good. What was more, the results of EDX, SEM, Raman, indentation confirmed this conclusion.
Channel Correlation Distillation for Compact Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Wang Chen , Zhong Jiang , Dai Qizhu , Qi Yafei , Yu Qien , Shi Fengyuan , Li Rongzhen , Li Xue , Fang Bin
Published: January 2023

Knowledge distillation has been widely applied in semantic segmentation to reduce the model size and computational complexity. The prior knowledge distillation methods for semantic segmentation mainly focus on transferring the spatial relation knowledge, neglecting to transfer the channel correlation knowledge in the feature space, which is vital for semantic segmentation. We propose a novel Channel Correlation Distillation (CCD) method for semantic segmentation to solve this issue. The correlation between channels tells how likely these channels belong to the same categories. We force the student to mimic the teacher by minimizing the distance between the channel correlation maps of the student and the teacher. Furthermore, we propose the multi-scale discriminators to sufficiently distinguish the multi-scale differences between the teacher and student segmentation outputs. Extensive experiments on three popular datasets: Cityscapes, CamVid, and Pascal VOC 2012 validate the superiority of our CCD. Experimental results show that our CCD could consistently improve the state-of-the-art methods with various network structures for semantic segmentation.
Degree 2 transformation semigroups as continuous maps on graphs: Complexity and examples
Authors: Margolis Stuart , Rhodes John
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we give a number of illuminating examples of transformation semigroups of degree 2 acting on graphs by functions that preserve vertices and edges by inverse image. It is known that the complexity of such a transformation semigroup is at most 2. We give examples that use sophisticated lower bounds to complexity to distinguish between complexity 1 and complexity 2.
HIGH-TEMPERATURE DRY SLIDING WEAR BEHAVIOR OF COLD-SPRAYED INCONEL 738 COATING
Authors: PADMINI B. V. , BHOSALE DIGVIJAY G. , NIRANJAN H. B. , MATHAPATI MAHANTAYYA , SAMPATHKUMARAN P.
Published: January 2023

This paper deals with the dry sliding wear behavior of cold-sprayed Inconel 738 (IN 738) coating up to 600∘ C. The coating was deposited by a high-pressure cold spray system using helium as the propellant on T11 low-carbon steel substrate. The dry sliding wear behavior of uncoated specimens is compared with IN 738 coating using pin-on-disk tribometer (ASTM G99). SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses provide better insights on the worn surface morphology, changes in oxide scales, and phase transformation. At 400∘C, the tribo-layer developed at the interface contains NiO, which is a lubricious oxide, which reduces the wear rate of the coating. With further increase in temperature up to 600∘C, there is a formation of a protective layer, which results in the enhancement of high-temperature dry sliding wear resistance of the coating. At 600∘C, sliding wear resistance offered by the coating is approximately four times higher than T11 low-carbon steel. Therefore, the developed cold-sprayed IN 738 has high potential for usage at elevated-temperature dry sliding applications.
INVESTIGATION ON THE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING OF Cu-SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY: A STUDY ON MACHINABILITY AND SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY ASPECTS
Authors: SINGH RANJIT , SINGH RAVI PRATAP , TREHAN RAJEEV
Published: January 2023

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are an excellent material for producing components for a wide range of industrial applications, such as orthopedic implacers, micro-equipment, actuators, fittings, and screening components, as well as military equipment, aerospace components, bio-medical equipment, and fabrication requirements. Despite its remarkable qualities, the production of SMAs is a problem for investigators all over the globe. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of altering the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and GV while processing copper-based SMA in an electrical discharge machining process on the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). The major runs were designed using a central composite design. SEM was also utilized to examine the micro-structure of EDM-processed electrode tools and work samples. SEM scans indicated the presence of debris, micro-cracks, craters, and a newly formed recast layer on the electrode tool and workpiece surface. High [Formula: see text] and prolonged [Formula: see text] provide huge spark energy simply at the work sample-tool contact, resulting in debris production. The experimental results reveal that the least and highest MRR values are 10.333 and 185.067[Formula: see text]mm3/min, respectively, while the minimum and maximum SR values are 3.07 and 7.15[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. The desirability technique, teacher learning based optimization (TLBO), and the Jaya algorithm were also utilized to optimize the studied solutions (i.e. MRR and SR) on a single and multi-objective basis. The best MRR and SR were determined using the desirability approach, the Jaya Algorithm, and the TLBO to be 152.788[Formula: see text]mm3/min and 4.764[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m; 240.0256[Formula: see text]mm3/min and 1.637[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m; and 240.0257[Formula: see text]mm3/min and 1.6367[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m.
PROXIMAL FRAGMENT DISPLACEMENT IS THE ONLY DETERMINANT OF LUNATE SUBLUXATION IN VOLAR BARTON FRACTURES OF DISTAL RADIUS
Authors: Bagheri Farshid , Sataee Moslem Mokhtari , Moradi Ali
Published: January 2023

Background:Lunate subluxation in volar Barton (VB) distal radius fracture can complicate the treatment outcome. The aim of this study is to identify the computed tomographic (CT) predictors of lunate subluxation in VB fracture.

Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on VB fractures in two tertiary hospitals from March 2015 to March 2020. The CT scans were taken as close as possible to the neutral position of the limb within 24 h from the incidence of fracture. Joint involvement percentage, fragment dislocation, number of fragments, and lunate subluxation were collected from picture archiving and communication system. Calculations were performed using the pmsDview (Philips DICOM Viewer, R3.0 SP3, 2013) program.

Results:A total of 41 patients (male/female ratio 4.85:1) with the mean age of 46 ± 17 years old were evaluated. The prevalence of lunate subluxation was 58.5%. Only the proximal volar segment displacement was significantly higher in lunate subluxation compared to non-subluxation group ([Formula: see text] = 0.001). Proximal volar segment displacement was significantly related to lunate subluxation (sensitivity and specificity were 75.0% and 70.1%, respectively, at cut-off point of 2.505).

Conclusions:Proximal volar segment displacement would be the most important radiologic predictor for lunate subluxation in distal radius VB fractures.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF HAND DOMINANCE ON MEDIAN NERVE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA AMONG HEALTHY ADULT SUBJECTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Rayegani Seyed Mansoor , Bayat Masume , Shirani Leila
Published: January 2023

Background:This study was designed considering the existing controversies on the normal range of median nerve cross-sectional area (MNCSA) and its association with hand dominance.

Methods:In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the upper limbs of 100 healthy subjects (46 men and 54 women) were assessed bilaterally by sonography. MNCSA was measured at the level of the carpal tunnel inlet.

Results:Calculated MNCSA values were 9.29 mm2 and 9.54 mm2 for the right and left sides, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the right and left hands. No significant correlation was observed between hand dominance and MNCSA in right-handed or left-handed subjects.

Conclusion:Hand dominance does not significantly affect MNCSA at the wrist level, and thus does not affect the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.
CRITICAL EVALUATIONS OF INTRA-ARTICULAR PLATELET RICH PLASMA ALONE OR COMBINATION WITH MEDIAL BRANCH RADIOFREQUENCY NEUROTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH LUMBAR FACET JOINT ARTHROPATHY: A PROSPECTIVE OUTCOME STUDY
Authors: Paswan Anil Kumar , Rath Amrita
Published: January 2023

Background: Common cause of chronic low back pain is lumbar facet joint arthropathy. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of medial branch currently preferred treatment in facet joint pain syndrome. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known to initiate mesenchymal tissue healing by concentration of several fundamental protein growth factors. Our aim in this study is to evaluate the effect of co-administration of autologous PRP in lumbar facet and RFA of the medial branch of the dorsal ramus for lumbar facet arthropathy.

Methodology: This was a prospective randomised study with a blind assessor. Eighty-one consecutive patients who complained of low back pain secondary to lumbar facet joint arthropathy were randomly allocated into three-groups: Group RF: only RFA done. Group PR: received both PRP plus RFA. Group PL: received only PRP. Primary outcome of the study was assessment of pain intensity using visual analogue scale (VAS).

Result: The patients who had both RFA and PRP therapy had significant decrease in VAS score as compared to its baseline in the immediate and long term follow up period ([Formula: see text] < 0.001). However, for those who received only PRP, the decrease in VAS was more significant at 1 and 4 months. Similarly, there was a significant improvement in ODI score in patients who received both RFA and PRP ([Formula: see text] < 0.001). There was a gradual improvement in ODI in PRP group at 4-month interval. Rescue analgesics requirement was reduced and patients were better satisfied in those who received both RFA and PRP therapy. ([Formula: see text] < 0.05).

Conclusion: The combined administration of RFA and PRP proved to provide better analgesia in both short-term follow up and long-term follow up than treatment with either method in patients with lumbar facet syndrome.
NATURAL HISTORY OF GRADE ONE LUMBOSACRAL ISTHMIC SPONDYLOLISTHESIS IN ADOLESCENT PATIENTS: LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP OF 299 PATIENTS TREATED CONSERVATIVELY
Authors: Alzakri A.
Published: January 2023

Purpose of the Study: The aim is to report the natural history, type of treatment received and quality of life improvement of adolescent patients with isthmic low-grade lumbosacral spondylolisthesis with a slip of less than 25%.

Methods: The complete records of 299 prospective patients (127 males and 172 females) with isthmic low-grade lumbosacral spondylolisthesis referred to an orthopedic clinic were reviewed. Radiological parameters, Micheli scale, and quality of life measured by the SRS-22 questionnaire were measured at the first visit and a minimum 5-year follow-up.

Results: The average follow-up time is 5.7 ± 1.4 years. The main complaint at the initial presentation was lower back pain in 107 patients, and three patients had lower back pain and lower limbs radiculopathy. Scoliosis was found in 38 patients in the initial radiograph. One-hundred-eighty-nine patients (63%) were asymptomatic at the time of presentation. At the last follow-up; SRS-22 were 4.21 ± 0.6, 4.21 ± 0.7, 4.31 ± 0.5, 4.21 ± 0.7, 4.2 ± 0.7 for total, pain, function, mental, and self-image scores, respectively. The patients with grade one lumbosacral spondylolisthesis with normal morphology of the sacrum had responded well to the nonsurgical treatment modalities. No patient has progressed during the follow-up, and no patient underwent surgical intervention for back pain. The slip percent was relatively lower in patients with low back pain. The average slip percentage was 15.5 ± 8.4 among the asymptomatic patients and 13 ± 9 among patients who presented with low back pain ([Formula: see text]-value = 0.009).

Conclusion: Adolescent patients with grade one isthmic lumbosacral spondylolisthesis have very good prognosis with nonoperative modalities and they have an almost normal quality of life at the end of follow-up. A long follow-up in an outpatient clinic with X-Rays series might not be indicated for all patients with low-grade spondylolisthesis, specifically if the slip is less than 25%.
Systems of divided powers in algebras of multivariate Hurwitz series
Authors: Pritchard Freya L.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we continue the study of Hurwitz series over a commutative unital ring that was begun in [W. Keigher, On the ring of Hurwitz series, Commun. Algebra 25 (1997) 1845–1859; W. Keigher and F. Pritchard, Hurwitz series as formal functions, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 146 (2000) 291–304]. In particular, we introduce the notion of multivariate Hurwitz series. The underlying idea is that multivariate Hurwitz series are to Hurwitz series as studied in [W. Keigher, On the ring of Hurwitz series, Commun. Algebra 25 (1997) 1845–1859; W. Keigher and F. Pritchard, Hurwitz series as formal functions, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 146 (2000) 291–304] as formal power series in several indeterminates are to formal power series in only one indeterminate. The elementary aspects of the theory follow along the lines of [W. Keigher, On the ring of Hurwitz series, Commun. Algebra 25 (1997) 1845–1859; W. Keigher and F. Pritchard, Hurwitz series as formal functions, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 146 (2000) 291–304]. The treatment of substitution and divided powers introduces special problems not encountered in [W. Keigher and F. Pritchard, Hurwitz series as formal functions, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 146 (2000) 291–304] and requires special attention to subtle details. However, we are able to establish analogous results. With substitution and divided powers in place, we construct and study the analog to the so called inner transformations of [S. Bochner and W. T. Martin, Several Complex Variables (Princeton University Press, 1948)]. Finally, we are able to establish analogs to many of the fundamental results of single and multivariate calculus.
Forty Years of Automated Patent Classification
Authors: Yücesoy Kahraman Selen , Dereli Türkay , Durmuşoğlu Alptekin
Published: January 2023

The continuous development of technology increases the number of new inventions and thus the number of patents. Each new technology is assigned to one of the existing patent classes, otherwise, a new technology must be added to the patent classes. These processes support the development of automated patent classification methods and articles on this subject. For decades, studies have been conducted in the field of automatic patent classification. In this paper, the studies and pat ents published in this field have been evaluated using a bibliometric approach. The most referenced important studies on this subject are examined in detail, the analysis is detailed by making the pioneering authors of the field, journals, countries, assignees, etc., the focal point. The most recent developments in the field have been examined and evaluations have been presented regarding topics that are likely to be studied in the future.
Middle frequency band and remark on Koch–Tataru’s iteration space
Authors: Yang Haibo , Yang Qixiang , Wu Huoxiong
Published: January 2023

When we wanted to further investigate the results of Bourgain–Pavlović, Koch–Tataru and Li–Xiao–Yang, we encountered the problem of stability of the parameter flow. For initial data in some space [Formula: see text], norm inflation implies that the solution does not belong to [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], Auscher–Dubois–Tchamitchian proved that Koch–Tataru’s solution is stable in their defined space [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we consider Koch–Tataru’s iteration space and construct a non-Gauss flow function to show that [Formula: see text]-stability may have meaning different to [Formula: see text], which supports Chemin and Gallagher’s point: well-posedness and norm inflation may have no conflict.
3D residual attention network for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Li Huizhen , Wei Kanghui , Zhang Bengong
Published: January 2023

Convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely applied to hyperspectral image (HSI) classification and shows good performance. In this paper, a novel 3D residual attention network (3D-RAN) based on CNN is proposed for HSI classification. The main contributions and novelties of the method are as follows: (1) the 3D-RAN can directly process the 3D HSI data and effectively preserve the data structure of HSI; (2) the constructed residual module can supplement the loss of some important information during the process of information transmission, so that it makes the extracted features contain richer information; (3) the embedded attention module can strengthen the important features and suppress the unimportant features by adjusting weights, which effectively improves the classification performance. Moreover, weight sharing makes the attention module require fewer parameters. The experiments on three public HSI data sets demonstrate that the proposed 3D-RAN outperforms several state-of-the-art methods.
Joule–Thomson expansion for a nonlinearly charged Anti-de Sitter black hole
Authors: Masmar K.
Published: January 2023

In this work, we examine the Joule–Thomson (JT) expansion for a nonlinearly charged AdS black hole solution. We obtain the expression of the JT coefficient from which we calculate the inversion temperature for numerous values of the charge [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we derive the isenthalpic curve in [Formula: see text] diagram and illustrate the cooling–heating region by the inversion curve for fixed masses. We find that the temperature and pressure on the inversion point decrease with a larger charge [Formula: see text] and increase as the black hole mass grows.
Metric tensor at second perturbation order for spherically symmetric space-times
Authors: Mendoza Sergio
Published: January 2023

It is shown in this paper, that if the Einstein Equivalence Principle is valid on a particular metric theory of gravitation in a spherically symmetric space-time, then the time metric component is not equal to the negative of the inverse radial one unless the underlying potential is inversely proportional to the radial coordinate. At the weak field limit of approximation, a general formula is calculated and applied to some useful cases.
Five-dimensional strange quark matter cosmological model with string cloud
Authors: Sobhanbabu Y. , Vijaya Santhi M.
Published: January 2023

The work in this paper is devoted to the study of Kaluza–Klein (KK) cosmological model with strange quark matter attached to string cloud in the framework of metric version of [Formula: see text] gravity. By utilizing hybrid expansion law for average scale factor of the model i.e. [Formula: see text], here [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are positive constants, we derive the solution of the field equations of KK model in the [Formula: see text] gravity. Various dynamical parameters of the model are obtained and their behavior is analyzed through graphical representation. We observe that the analysis of deceleration parameter exhibits a smooth transition of the universe from early decelerated phase to current accelerated epoch. Also, we discussed well-known state-finder parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] planes which are analyzed by graphical representation.
The Utility of the Interosseous Arterial System for Microvascular Interposition Grafting
Authors: SIVAKUMAR Brahman , WANG Tim , LAWSON Richard , GRAHAM David J.
Published: January 2023

Interposition microvascular grafting may be required during digital replantation or revascularisation. Although traditionally performed using venous autograft, the use of arterial segments for microvascular grafting confers a number of benefits. Here, we discuss the harvesting of such a graft from the interosseous arterial system and its use in the clinical setting.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Non-union of the Clavicle Osteotomy Site in an Infant with Birth Brachial Plexus Palsy
Authors: JAIN Deepak , KUMAR Aditya , VENKATADASS K. , BHARDWAJ Praveen
Published: January 2023

Non-union of the clavicle in the paediatric population is extremely rare. Some anecdotal case reports show non-union following clavicle fracture. However, we could not find any report of non-union following osteotomy for brachial plexus surgery. We report non-union of clavicle following its osteotomy for brachial plexus exploration surgery in a 6-month child. We present successful management of the clavicle non-union in this patient and propose preventive steps.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Near Field of the Half-Space Green’s Function
Authors: Maksimov Alexey
Published: January 2023

This paper fills the gap in the study of Rayleigh scattering near an interface. The structure of the near-field of the half-space Green’s function is analytically described. Explicit dependencies on range, distance to the boundary, and physical parameters of contacting media are obtained. These results are of applied value for modern ultrasonic cleaning techniques because they allow one to describe the action of the Bjerknes force on particles located near an interface.
Effects of the Rayleigh Secular Function on Time-Harmonic Asymptotic Solutions Due to Horizontal Vibration Sources
Authors: Jin Boao , Gao Yan , Jin Zhongkun
Published: January 2023

The time-harmonic asymptotic solutions due to the surface horizontal vibration sources provide the theoretical basis in the applications of buried object detection. In the integral transformation method, the Rayleigh secular function appears in the denominator of the integrand of the inverse transformation. This leads to the multi-leaf characteristics of the integrand and the asymptotic solution is affected by the Rayleigh poles, resulting in a mismatch between the asymptotic time-harmonic solution and the finite element results. In this paper, an integral expression for the time-harmonic solution of the surface horizontal vibration source is derived using the integral transformation method. The asymptotic results using the steepest descent method are decomposed into the analytical component, the modified component of the poles and the residual component of the poles. Expressions for each component are given, with particular emphasis on the effect of the Rayleigh secular function on the asymptotic solution. It is found that for the multi-leaf problem, the asymptotic expressions related to shear waves should use the results of the [Formula: see text] leaf, while the asymptotic expressions related to compressional waves should use the results of the [Formula: see text] leaf when [Formula: see text]. Comparison of the numerical and semi-analytical solutions is made to verify the expressions for the analytical components, along with the selection of the Riemann surface.
Use of Apatinib as a Bait to Fish its Unexpected Kinase Targets from the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Druggable Kinome
Authors: Liu Rui , Liu Lijun
Published: January 2023

Apatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that cognately blocks the kinase activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, the drug is also clinically found to reposition a significant suppressing potency on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we reported the successful use of Apatinib as a bait to fish its potential kinase targets from the HCC druggable kinome pool. In the procedure, cell viability assays observed that the Apatinib has a potent cytotoxicity on human HCC cell lines. Dynamics simulations and affinity scoring systematically created an intermolecular interaction profile of Apatinib with ontologically enriched kinases in the HCC druggable kinome, from which the top-hit kinases were considered as potential candidates. It is revealed that the inhibitor has a weak potency on the well-established HCC target of ErbB pathway, but exhibits potent activity against some known targets or regulators of HCC. In particular, kinase assays substantiated that Apatinib can effectively inhibit four FGFR family members with moderate or high activity. In addition, the clinical FGFR1 gatekeeper mutation V561M was also observed to considerably impair the inhibitory activity, thus causing a drug resistance. Molecular modeling suggested that the Apatinib adopts two distinct binding modes to separately interact with wild-type and gatekeeper-mutant FGFR1 kinase domain.
A Unified Lyapunov Framework for Finite-Sample Analysis of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms
Authors: Chen Zaiwei
Published: January 2023

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a paradigm where an agent learns to accomplish tasks by interacting with the environment, similar to how humans learn. RL is therefore viewed as a promising approach to achieve artificial intelligence, as evidenced by the remarkable empirical successes. However, many RL algorithms are theoretically not well-understood, especially in the setting where function approximation and off-policy sampling are employed. My thesis [1] aims at developing thorough theoretical understanding to the performance of various RL algorithms through finite-sample analysis.

Since most of the RL algorithms are essentially stochastic approximation (SA) algorithms for solving variants of the Bellman equation, the first part of thesis is dedicated to the analysis of general SA involving a contraction operator, and under Markovian noise. We develop a Lyapunov approach where we construct a novel Lyapunov function called the generaled Moreau envelope. The results on SA enable us to establish finite-sample bounds of various RL algorithms in the tabular setting (cf. Part II of the thesis) and when using function approximation (cf. Part III of the thesis), which in turn provide theoretical insights to several important problems in the RL community, such as the efficiency of bootstrapping, the bias-variance trade-off in off-policy learning, and the stability of off-policy control.

The main body of this document provides an overview of the contributions of my thesis.
AI and Co-Simulation Driven Resource Management in Fog Computing Environments
Authors: Tuli Shreshth
Published: January 2023

Research Summary: In the past decade, the evolution of our digital lives has accelerated across multiple facets, including efficient computation, communication and transportation, making our lives simpler and more convenient. This evolution has been driven by several factors such as the rising concern for climate change and sustainable computing, the expected end of Moore's law for silicon-based compute systems and the recent lifestyle-changing pandemics. With changing user demands and application scenarios, novel techniques are required to fuel further growth for high-fidelity and scalable computation.
Enabling Data-intensive Workflows in Heterogeneous Edge-cloud Networks
Authors: Shang Xiaojun
Published: January 2023

Brief Biography: Xiaojun Shang is currently a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Stony Brook University under the supervison of Prof. Yuanyuan Yang. He expects to graduate by May, 2023. Before jointing Stony Brook University, Xiaojun received his master degree at Columbia University in the City of New York and his bachelor degree at Zhejiang University, China. His research interests lie in Edge-Cloud Computing, IoT, Online Optimization Algorithms, Edge AI, and serverless computing.
Mental Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth
Authors: Wittlin Natalie M. , Kuper Laura E. , Olson Kristina R.
Published: January 2023

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) children and adolescents are an increasingly visible yet highly stigmatized group. These youth experience more psychological distress than not only their cisgender, heterosexual peers but also their cisgender, sexual minority peers. In this review, we document these mental health disparities and discuss potential explanations for them using a minority stress framework. We also discuss factors that may increase and decrease TGD youth's vulnerability to psychological distress. Further, we review interventions, including gender-affirming medical care, that may improve mental health in TGD youth. We conclude by discussing limitations of current research and suggestions for the future.