bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation sterilization of composite material “Uglecon-M” used for medical application
Authors:   Academician Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Yuzhakova E.V. , Horovitz E.S. ,   Academician Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Afanasievskaya E.V. ,   Academician Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Oniskiv V.D. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: December 2023

The carbon-composite material is actively used in medicine. In particular there is a successful practice of its use for replacing bone defects in orthopedics, traumatology and maxillofacial surgery. Meanwhile the cellular structure of the material and the presence of a large number of closed pores impose certain requirements on the process of its disinfection. The radiation method of sterilization of inorganic implants, as well as biotransplants, has recently become increasingly widespread in medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various doses of radiation for the sterilization of high-porous carbon material “Ugleсon-M”. Twelve samples of this material were infected with strains of various microorganisms and divided into 4 batches depending on the planned dose of radiation. Each batch was exposed to radiation doses 25, 50; 75 and 100 kGy respectively. The control sample was not irradiated. After the radiation exposure each sample, including the control one, was washed and inoculated on special liquid nutrient medium followed by seven-days incubation and daily inoculation on solid nutrient medium. All doses of ionizing radiation proposed in the study had a microbicidal effect, ensuring the sterility of the studied material. On the control sample the microorganisms remained viable. Experimental data on radiation sterilization of carbon material are presented for the first time. It has been established that all studied radiation doses, including the minimal one (25 kGy), cause the death of not only vegetative forms of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi), but also spores. A conclusion is made about the possibility of using radiation sterilization for highly porous carbon-composite material.
Examining the Role Between Social Antecedents and Depression among LGBTQ+ Older Adults Eligible for Low-Income Housing
Authors: Uddin Jalal , Greene Meredith , Dubbin Leslie , Deutsch Madeline , Flatt Jason
Published: December 2023

Housing is one of the top four most needed services for LGBTQ+ older adults, and this study focuses on the intersection of depression and social antecedents among LGBTQ+ older adults eligible for low-income housing. To explore social antecedents (i.e., demographics, early events, later events, social integration, and stressors) associated with screening positive for depression among low-income LGBTQ+ older adults from two cities in the Western United States. A cross-sectional study was conducted with LGBTQ+ older adults (n = 241). A two-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) was used to screen for depression. Hierarchical logistic regression tested associations between screening positive for depression and social antecedents. The average age of participants was 68 years and 92.5% identified as LGBTQ+. Over 24% (n = 58) screened positive for depression (PHQ-2 ≥ 3). Bivariate analyses found associations between screening positive for depression and several social antecedents, including demographics, later events, social integration, and stressors. Hierarchical logistic regression models found that LGBTQ+ older adults earning $30,000 or less were nearly five times more likely to screen positive depression than those earning more (OR = 4.57, 95% CI = 1.53-13.66, p = 0.006). Additionally, stressors such as problems with memory (OR = 4.05, 95% CI = 1.66-9.85, p = 0.002) and poor/fair quality of life (OR = 5.44, 95% CI = 2.24-13.20, p < 0.001) were associated with a 4-to-5 times higher odds of screening positive for depression compared with those who did not have these stressors. These findings reveal patterns of associations between social antecedents and depression among LGBTQ+ older adults eligible for low-income housing. This emphasizes the need for future research on the impact of housing and related structural interventions to promote the mental health of diverse aging populations.
An Overview of Recent Technology-Aided Intervention Strategies to Help People with Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities Meet Relevant Rehabilitation Goals
Authors: Lancioni Giulio , Singh Nirbhay , O'Reilly Mark , Sigafoos Jeff , Alberti Gloria , Olivetti Belardinelli Marta
Published: December 2023

The paper presents an overview of recent studies assessing technology-aided strategies aimed at helping people with intellectual and multiple disabilities reach relevant rehabilitation goals. The 16 studies included in the paper addressed four specific rehabilitation goals, that is, (a) performance of functional activities, (b) access to leisure and communication and performance of functional activities, (c) increase of adaptive responses and decrease of problem behavior or inadequate posture, and (d) increase of ambulation responses. For each study, the paper reports the participants involved, the technology and the assessment process used, and the results obtained. Following the presentation of the studies, the paper focuses on three practically relevant issues: the role of technology-aided strategies over time, the relative potential of various technology-aided strategies, and the accessibility and applicability of the strategies.
Factores de riesgo asociados a la hipertensión arterial y enfermedad crónico renal
Authors: Remache Morayma , José Fierro María , Mite Gladys , Monserrate Juan
Published: December 2023

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a la hipertensión arterial y a la enfermedad crónico renal, la muestra estuvo conformada por 22 docentes de sexo femenino mayoritariamente, con un total de 18 mujeres, en edades comprendidas entre 55-60 con la edad mínima de 28 y la edad máxima de 59, el grupo estudiado cuenta con un nivel de un nivel de educación superior. El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo, con un enfoque cuantitativo, de campo, y correlacional, y con un diseño transversal, los participantes del estudio suscribieron el consentimiento informado. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó una ficha sociodemográfica, y un análisis bioquímico completo. Los factores de riesgo que se asocian a la hipertensión arterial y a la enfermedad crónica renal se destaca la falta de ejercicio, lo cual tiende a afectar la salud física, mental y social de los participantes. Del análisis bioquímico se evidencia que un alto porcentaje de los participantes padecen de hipertensión.

Palabras clave: Hipertensión; enfermedad renal crónica; docentes.
Dolor neuropático localizado: A propósito de un caso de neuralgia posherpética
Authors: Bonilla-Sierra Patricia , Sánchez Mohamed
Published: December 2023

El Dolor Neuropático (DN) aparece después de que una lesión o afección impacte el sistema somatosensorial. Dependiendo de su ubicación puede ser periférico o localizado (DNL). Debido a un diagnóstico inadecuado existe un número importante de pacientes con DNL sin tratamiento. Es por ello que el presente caso de DNL por neuralgia posherpética muestra cómo el diagnóstico tool para DNL es de fácil implementación. Además, este reporte presenta esquemas terapéuticos adecuados para una resolución exitosa un tratamiento exitoso de DNL. Dentro de los agentes tópicos los parches de lidocaína han mostrado una tasa de éxito alta con una buena adherencia por parte de los pacientes.

Palabras Clave: Dolor neuropático localizado; neuralgia post herpética; diagnóstico de DNL, lidocaína
Study of the protective effect of ginseng against testicular oxidative stress biomarkers and its gene expression induced by ciprofloxacin
Authors: Mokhimar Haitham M. , Elsawah Hozaifa K. , Kandiel Mohamed M. , Elsaid Faten E. , El-Mahmoudy AbuBakr M.
Published: December 2023

Ciprofloxacin is the first-choice member of the fluoroquinolone antibacterials for treating testicular infections, but it may harm testicular tissue because of oxidative stress. Many mechanisms are involved, like decreasing antioxidant enzymes and suppressing gene expression. This study intends to investigate the possible protective role of ginseng against ciprofloxacin-induced testicular oxidative stress and its mechanism, if any. For this purpose, 50 adult male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups, ten rats in each group. Rats in group 1 received only ciprofloxacin at a daily dose of 156.46 mg/kg. Rats in groups 2, 3 and 4 received ciprofloxacin in a daily dose of 156.46 mg/kg, ginseng in two doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, and vitamin E as a standard in a daily dose of 100 mg/kg, respectively. Group 5 served as control and received carboxymethylcellulose in normal saline. All these treatments were applied orally during 14 14-day experimental courses. Half the animals in each group were euthanized on day 15 from the start of the treatment, while the second half was euthanized on day 60. Both testes were dissected, immediately frozen, and evaluated for oxidative stress biomarkers and gene expression antioxidant enzymes. We found that ciprofloxacin significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased MDA and decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) compared to the control group. Also, the drug downregulated gene expression of SOD and CAT. Compared to all groups, the co-administration of ginseng or vitamin E with ciprofloxacin almost normalized antioxidant enzymes and upregulated the tested gene expressions. It could be concluded that ginseng ameliorates the testicular adverse effect of ciprofloxacin. So, it is highly recommended to be used as an adjunct remedy during ciprofloxacin administration for its antioxidant properties.

Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, Gene expression, Ginseng, Infertility, ROS, Testicular oxidative stress, Vitamin-E.
Aplicación de geomática y análisis de suelo para la determinación de áreas inestables en el cerro Cuchicahua del cantón Chillanes, provincia Bolívar
Authors: Villacis Taco Luis , Ramírez Chimbo Carlos , Meléndez Carrasco Geomayra , Toalombo Tacuri Mayra
Published: December 2023

El cerro Cuchicahua, en el cantón Chillanes ha venido dando preocupantes muestras de inestabilidad, tanto por la materialización de deslizamientos hacia la vía principal cuanto por la presencia de cárcavas o grietas que de acuerdo a la población han venido aumentando en cantidad y tamaño.

Por esta razón se realizó un estudio de determinación de zonas inestables con base en la morfología del cerro y el tipo de suelo que presenta, para lo cual se utilizó un modelo digital de elevación y el análisis de laboratorio donde se identificó la composición y textura del suelo de varias muestras tomadas en zonas consideradas críticas.

Mediante el uso de la geomática a través del modelo SHALSTAB que trabaja bajo la aplicación de la ley de Mohr-Coulomb se ingresaron los datos del DEM de la zona geográfica en la que se encuentra el cerro, así como el ángulo de fricción y densidad del suelo los cuales fueron obtenidos del análisis de la textura del suelo en laboratorio. Al ser procesados estos datos se pudo determinar que gran parte del cerro presenta una inestabilidad crónica, convirtiéndose en un riesgo potencial para la población, ya que en caso de materializarse un deslizamiento de grandes magnitudes, las afectaciones se verían hasta el centro del área consolidada de la población de Chillanes.

Palabras clave: Cuchicahua; inestabilidad; geomática; Chillanes; deslizamientos
The Impact of Forced Separations Between Women and Their Pets in Domestic Violence Situations and the Effectiveness of Crisis Response: Protocol for a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Montgomery Jasmine , Lloyd Janice , Liang Zhanming
Published: December 2023

Background

Women are at high risk of experiencing trauma, guilt, and stress when forced to separate from their companion animals when fleeing domestic violence. Where little support is available for women and pets to stay together, women may be forced to delay leaving the abusive relationship or leave the pet with the abuser. Forced separation places both women and pets at substantial risk, where pets may be used as a coercive control measure. However, little evidence exists regarding the extent to which Australian services or policies offer support in these circumstances.

Objective

This research aims to increase the understanding and the impacts of forced separation between women and their pets in domestic violence situations. The research will investigate the effectiveness of service responses for both women and animals, aiming to develop a policy framework that guides service improvement with the goal of enhancing outcomes for women and pets fleeing domestic violence.

Methods

This protocol paper describes the process of developing a conceptual framework of 4 studies that include a scoping review, policy analysis, focus groups, and interviews that guide the design of the qualitative research project.

Results

A scoping review of the literature on forced separation from pets in domestic violence, natural disasters, and homelessness situations has led to the development of a conceptual framework that guided the design of the proposed study. The review also confirmed the necessity of the proposed research project in addressing the lack of Australian national frameworks and guidance available for women and pets seeking formal support in domestic violence situations. As of August 2023, supporting organizations have commenced the distribution of the research flyers. Expected data collection will be completed between August and October 2023. The results are expected to be published in June 2025.

Conclusions

Via a systematic process, the importance of the proposed study in improving the understanding of the impact of forced separation between women and their pets at times of domestic violence and the gaps in best supporting both women and their pets has been confirmed. A study design based on the learnings from previous studies and the focus of the current research has been finalized. The impact of the research project in developing an Australian national framework for best supporting women and their pets in crisis situations is anticipated.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/52067
Variations of Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Boundary Layer Gaseous Species by Observations in Moscow and Zvenigorod
Authors: Belousov V. , Belikov I. , Moiseenko K. , Skorokhod A.
Published: December 2023

Anthropogenic pollution of the atmosphere with organic and inorganic gaseous species has been studied using constant high-quality monitoring of the atmosphere composition both in megacity of Moscow and in its countryside. The article considers continuous measurements of the main climatically and chemically active atmospheric gaseous species concentrations, including volatile organic compounds. The main attention is paid to the comparative analysis, mainly between the megacity and its suburban area, by average species concentrations and some quality features of their seasonal and diurnal variations. The obtained results confirmed the previously studied features of the daily variations of inorganic gaseous species in Moscow and showed such features for organic compounds in the countryside.
Tecnología y dispositivos de poder: máquinas, megamáquinas y micromáquinas
Authors: Rios Rubén Horacio
Published: December 2023

La relación entre la máquina y el poder político, social y económico es el tema de este artículo, que tiene como fin establecer la relación entre capitalismo y racionalidad técnica en la era de las tecnologías digitales y el concepto mismo de máquina digital. En el desarrollo, se analiza de modo central el “fragmento sobre las máquinas” de Karl Marx en cuanto focaliza la máquina industrial en el modo capitalista de producción y la noción de “megamáquina” de Lewis Mumford como aparato tecno-político de control social desde la era de las pirámides al capitalismo avanzado, además de otros pensadores de la era mecánica (Marcuse, Habermas, Ellul). Asimismo, se examina, a continuación, la reciente teoría de Eric Sadin acerca de las tecnologías digitales que producen la aletheia de lo real en el marco del tecnocapitalismo neoliberal o hiperliberal. Finalmente, se postula una reconceptualización de la máquina a partir de la definición clásica del ingeniero mecánico Franz Reuleaux y, a través de ella, de la máquina digital y del sistema en red que organiza en sus diversos niveles. De ello resulta, a modo de conclusión, la posibilidad de una mutación de la episteme moderna y del “fin del hombre” tal y como lo concibe la arqueología de Michel Foucault y, por lo tanto, la emergencia de un horizonte poshumano o, más aún, transhumano.
Revisión del hemangiosarcoma canino: una neoplasia agresiva y mortal
Authors: Hernandez Salas Alejandra , Páez Bonelo Ana María , Moscoso Gama Johanna Marcela , Méndez Hurtado William Alberto
Published: December 2023

El hemangiosarcoma (HSA) es un tumor agresivo y maligno que se produce en las células del endotelio e invade los vasos sanguíneos, suele ser bastante común en caninos de 6 a 13 años de edad, pero ciertas razas como Pastor Alemán, Golden Retriever, Labrador y Bóxer presentan predisposición a padecerlo. Este puede producirse en cualquier parte del cuerpo del animal, pudiéndose encontrar en corazón, hígado, piel y huesos, aunque su localización más común es en el bazo. Su importancia radica en que son pocos los caninos que pueden ser diagnosticados antes de que el tumor sufra ruptura y provoque un fuerte sangrado abdominal, que conlleva a anemia, debilidad y colapso. El presente estudio ofrece una revisión actualizada de los diferentes métodos para su diagnóstico y tratamiento, con énfasis en la ontogenia, genética, mutaciones, vías de señalización y marcadores de gran importancia, como el CD133, CD117, CD45 y CD34, con el fin de realizar un diagnóstico oportuno a partir de la biología molecular y un tratamiento eficaz, para así aumentar el tiempo de supervivencia del canino con HSA. Asimismo, se busca lograr ampliar el panorama a los profesionales al momento de realizar una detección precoz del HSA, con el fin de disminuir el daño provocado al canino que es extremadamente traumático y doloroso en el transcurso de esta patología.
Esbozo de las réplicas del Antinoo en la gipsoteca clásica de la Antigua Academia de San Carlos
Authors: Arreola Eder
Published: December 2023

Este texto rinde homenaje al interés de don Francisco de la Maza en el estudio del clasicismo en México y a la figura de Antinoo. El ensayo presenta un estudio histórico, documental y estético de las copias vaciadas en yeso que estuvieron en la Academia de San Carlos y que formaron parte de las Galerías de Escultura Antigua de la escuela. En las siguientes líneas se presentan los yesos del Antinoo Hamilton, el Antinoo Capitolino, el Antinoo de Belvedere, entre otros, y que son muestra del coleccionismo escultórico de la institución desde finales del siglo XVII y hasta principios del siglo XX. El texto está inmerso en el contexto historiográfico iniciado por las obras que publicó de la Maza como “Mitología clásica en el arte colonial de México” y “Antinoo. El último dios del mundo clásico” (1966-2021).
Reconocimiento de la identidad no binaria: un desafío al sistema normativo chileno
Authors: Gauché Marchetti Ximena , Lovera Parmo Domingo
Published: December 2023

La realidad de las personas trans ha adquirido mayor visibilidad en los últimos años en diversas partes del mundo. Varias leyes y/o políticas públicas han aportado al reconocimiento legal en diferentes latitudes. En materia de leyes de identidad de género encontramos los casos de Argentina, Uruguay, Portugal, Malta, Bélgica, Irlanda y Reino Unido. En Chile existe desde 2018 la Ley 21.120, que reconoce y da protección al derecho a la identidad de género. Aunque estas normativas han importado un indudable reconocimiento para la dignidad de las personas trans, algunas de ellas se han desarrollado a partir de un paradigma más bien estrecho de la identidad de género, pues el reconocimiento se realiza mayormente desde la lógica binaria “masculino/femenino”. Considerando ese paradigma, este trabajo tiene por objetivo reflexionar, desde una metodología comparada, en torno a algunas ideas sobre la actual demanda de visibilización y reconocimiento de identidades trans no asumidas como femeninas o masculinas, con especial énfasis en la identificación del carácter binario de la legislación chilena. A su vez, repasamos estándares internacionales de derechos humanos y modelos jurisprudenciales comparados que se han hecho cargo de la existencia y realidad de personas que se identifican y perciben a sí mismas como no binarias o de género no conforme. Este trabajo argumenta que el derecho a la identidad de género de tales personas, en cuanto desafío al carácter binario de los sistemas normativos, no puede quedar sin herramientas que les permitan proteger sus derechos.
Particularidades aplicables a la prueba y su valoración en el derecho consuetudinario de los pueblos indígenas
Authors: Luna Mora Hader Guillermo , Toro Garzón Luis Orlando
Published: December 2023

La valoración de las pruebas es central en la labor hermenéutica del derecho, particularmente para los jueces, pues de ello depende el sentido de toda sentencia. Cuando en un proceso intervienen comunidades o ciudadanos indígenas, la valoración de pruebas debe considerar el derecho propio de estos grupos al tenor de lo dispuesto en la Ley 21 de 1991. En el presente estudio, desde un enfoque o aproximación cualitativa, se pregunta por el ejercicio de la valoración de la prueba en los contextos en que se vean involucradas comunidades o ciudadanos indígenas, considerados como de especial protección por parte del Estado. Como resultado, se infiere que el deber de valoración de la prueba implica para todo operador jurídico un proceso de descolonización del ejercicio del derecho, con perspectivas que obedecen a lógicas de pensamiento alternativas, ancestrales, difusas, heterogéneas y contextuales, pero que son legítimas. Como conclusión y recomendaciones se trazan, a manera de propuesta, algunos caminos de acción para avanzar en el mandato legal con fuerza constitucional que conmina a tener en consideración el derecho propio indígena.
Las reclamaciones de los pasajeros de avión en el ámbito de la Unión Europea: ¿un agujeronegro en la protección del consumidor? Un análisis en clave de competencia judicial internacional
Authors: Velázquez Gardeta Juan M.
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo da un repaso a todas las sentencias dictadas por el TJUE como consecuencia de las cuestiones prejudiciales planteadas por diferentes tribunales nacionales sobre la determinación de la competencia judicial internacional en materia de contratos de transporte aéreo de pasajeros. Las reclamaciones en base a las compensaciones establecidas en el Reglamento 264/2001 y a las indemnizaciones del Convenio de Montreal han obligado al TJUE a interpretar la interacción entre ambas normas y sobre todo el término lugar de cumplimiento de la prestación del artículo 7. 1 a) del Reglamento Bruselas I bis desde la seminal sentencia Rehder. El TJUE, en sus decisiones ha ido acercando el nivel de protección del consumidor pasajero de avión al régimen general de los arts. 17-19 del Reglamento Bruselas I bis, consiguiendo que en muchos casos el forum actoris del pasajero demandante sea una realidad de facto. Partiendo de que queda un largo camino por recorrer para la equiparación entre ambos consumidores, habría que concluir que la función del TJUE a través de su jurisprudencia será fundamental también en el futuro para que el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva tenga el mismo contenido en ambas categorías de consumidores al menos en el ámbito de la Unión Europea. Máxime si las modificaciones del derecho uniforme no sean previsibles a corto o medio plazo.
Enhancing Cognitive Skills in Children through CogniHome: A Comprehensive Home-Based Training Solution
Authors: Yeole Manas
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The future mental health of person is Depend on their childhood. To develop their cognitive skills in their childhood we are developing web application based on different technologies. CogniHome is also helpful to develop and increase their Intelligence Quotient (IQ). The abstract deals with the significance of cognitive skills. The IQ test in website is helpful for user to check their mental stage. User able to increase their cognitive skills using different Games, Therapies and Puzzles. Therapies include meditation, yoga, etc. which help user to stable mind. Puzzles and Quizzes are helpful to increase their IQ. The main purpose of CogniHome is to engage child in enjoyable and productive home learning experiences. Ultimately, the CogniHome is to enhance cognitive skills of child for their betterment future
Brain Tumor Detection Using Machine Learning with CNN Algorithm
Authors: Birajdar Mr. Mallikarjun
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Brain tumors are a major global health issue, and successful treatment frequently depends on an early and precise diagnosis. Traditional methods of brain tumor detection, such as manual interpretation of medical images, can be timeconsuming and prone to human error. Machine learning techniques have emerged as a promising approach to assist medical professionals in the early detection and classification of brain tumors. This study presents a novel method for brain tumor detection utilizing machine learning algorithms .The dataset used in this research comprises a collection of brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)scans from diverse sources, including both tumor and non-tumor cases. We preprocess the data by enhancing image quality and for classification, different machine learning techniques are used, such as random forests, support vector machines (SVMs), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs).
A Study of Impact and Applications of Predictive Analytics in Sales Forecasting
Authors: Shrivas Gopal Ram
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Predictive analysis has become an efficient tool and procedures now a day for many industries, organization, firms and service sectors. In sales, predictive analytics refers to the software and/or procedures that evaluate past and present sales data in order to forecast sales results and enhance efficiency. A vast amount of first-party and third-party customer/prospect data is available these days to sellers and marketers. Indeed, sellers and marketers frequently feel overpowered by the sheer amount of data when deciding how to leverage it to get desired outcomes. That issue is resolved by predictive analytics in sales, which uses artificial intelligence systems to assist sales representatives in understanding customer and sales pipeline information. Advances in data analytics are being used by an ever-increasing number of organizations to identify patterns and trends, increase productivity, and make more informed business decisions. In this paper, we will discuss and analyze the role and impact of the predictive analytics in sales.
Cambios en el uso de recursos naturales en una comunidad popoloca del Estado de Puebla.
Authors: Bustamante González Angel , García Maceda Jesús , Vargas López Samuel
Published: December 2023

En este estudio se interpreta, a través de la información de los propios actores locales, cómo ha cambiado la relación de los habitantes de la comunidad de San Felipe Otlaltepec, Puebla, México, con los recursos natu­rales de su territorio, comparando los cambios percibidos en un periodo de 30 años. La interacción hombre – naturaleza, particularmente el rol de esta última, como proveedora principal de los medios de vida de las comunidades rurales, está sujeta a cambios notables por factores endógenos y exógenos. A falta de estudios de referencia locales del uso de recursos naturales, la información oral obtenida de los habitantes locales, permitió tener un acercamiento a estas dinámicas de cambio. Mediante entrevistas a informantes clave y la aplicación de cuestionarios a 154 campesinos, se elaboró un modelo de aprovechamiento de recursos naturales locales y se evaluaron cambios percibidos en sus sistemas agrícolas, pecuarios y aprovechamiento forestal. Los cam­pesinos entrevistados percibieron cambios en su sistema de producción agrícola y en el aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales locales; particularmente, en el pastoreo de ganado, superficie cultivada, rendimiento de sus cultivos, cantidad de caprinos de la unidad familiar y uso de leña (extracción del monte y su compra). Se concluyó que el uso directo del recurso natural y el cultivo de mayor importancia para los entrevistados (maíz) se relacionan con la percepción de los entrevistados sobre del cambio del uso de los recursos naturales y de los sistemas agropecuarios.
Escasez hídrica y letalidad por COVID-19 en zonas rurales chilenas
Authors: Huaico-Malhue Ana Isabel , Santibañez-Orellana Claudia Patricia , Jaque-Castillo Edilia del Carmen , Ojeda-Leal Carolina
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus around the world in March 2020, severely affected many areas of people’s life and health. Among the main ways to prevent its spread is by washing hands and food with soap and water. However, the latter is scarce in several municipalities of Chile, highlighting the difficulties of water supply at a national level. This work investigates the relationship between municipalities decreed by the government as being in a situation of water scarcity and the COVID-19 mortality levels found in rural areas between March 2020 and June 2021. Statistical data were used from different databases to correlate mortality rates with the level of municipal development and access to a drinking water network. A negative correlation was obtained between high COVID-19 mortality and low levels of communal development and connection to the drinking water network. As a result, it is deemed necessary to take into account geographical variables, such as water scarcity, in the generation of public health policies and water resource management.
Proyectos urbanos, estigmatización y disputas territoriales en la colonia Independencia en Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
Authors: Hernández-Acosta Elided , Torres-Veytia Eduardo
Published: December 2023

The city of Monterrey has become a space of great inequalities and increasingly notorious socio-spatial phenomena. Its different problems have been used by the government and the private sector to justify interventions in working-class neighborhoods, as is the case of the “Independencia” neighborhood. This article looks to analyze the aspects that turn this neighborhood into a disputed space and identify how this is reflected in the territory through the (in)action of public and private actors. It uses a qualitative methodology supported by interviews, informal talks, and non-participant observations that were made in 2019 and 2020. The paper shows how abandonment and a lack of government investment in working-class neighborhoods is part of an urban revaluation process that seeks to attract private investment to these sectors and end the presence of those "others" who are considered a threat to the urban order.
Tensiones en las formas de habitar de disidencias sexuales y de género en el espacio público del centro urbano de Concepción
Authors: Acuña-Delgado Rayen , Guerrero-Valdebenito Rosa María , Alarcón-Rodríguez Mabel , Delpino-Chamy Montserrat Alejandra
Published: December 2023

Using urbanism with a gender perspective, the article presents some results from a study that aimed to characterize the forms and tensions sexogeneric dissidents live in the urban center of Concepción and the elements of spatial design that affect them. A qualitative research approach was used to respond to this goal. Collective mapping was carried out with the communities under study to establish significant places in the public space, followed by a series of semi-structured interviews as data collection techniques. After their transcription, a thematic analysis was made, identifying the shared experiences of those who took part. The findings show that the different activities and practices of dissident groups in the public space take place within a constant state of alertness, modulated, to a large extent, by the perception of insecurity in a place. It was also possible to define the tensions perceived in the public spaces of the urban center. The perceptions, practices, and ways of living dissidence, alongside the tensions produced in these processes, express the need to address the gender and diversity approach in planning and urban design processes to move toward more inclusive and equitable cities for all.
Evaluation of the contributions of street trading on performances of selected FMCG companies in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Management Studies Faculty of Management Sciences Nigerian Defence Academy, Soneye Adewale Abdulwaheed
Published: December 2023

Aim/purpose – Street traders are seen selling all kinds of goods to patrons who pass-by or who are vehicular traffics on Nigerian roads, particularly major intra and inter-state roads in urban and rural areas. The study assessed the perspectives of salespersons from six selected FMCG companies regarding the extent to which street trading has contribut- ed to the overall performances of their respective firms. Design/methodology/approach – The study was done as a cross-sectional research, encompassing individuals from all levels of the sales departments of six selected FMCG companies in Lagos, Nigeria. It utilized a survey methodology by distributing a 39-item questionnaire, which employed a 5-point Likert scale to a sample of 174 participants. These individuals were picked from a larger population of 308 salespersons who were employed by the selected FMCG companies. The questionnaires were administered by email and the response rate was 56.32%. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test to determine the dependence or otherwise of the variables. Findings – The research findings established that the respondents perceived street trad- ing as a contributor to the sales performance of the FMCG companies they worked for. Among the findings was the perception that street trading had been an integral part of the channels used for distributing their companies’ products. This study also highlighted that salespersons did not consider the government’s actions as impeding their organizations from formally recognizing or as any hindrance to integrating street trading as a channel of distribution. The respondents’ views suggested that other factors are responsible for the lack of formal acknowledgement of street trading as a means through which end consumers are served. Research implications/limitations – The study affirmed the economic importance of street trading and the positive impact it has on organizations in the formal sector. It also gave insight into how FMCG companies and street traders groups can collaborate to influence favorable government policies towards street trading. Urban development planners can also find ways to provide for street trading by allocating zones where this activity can be carried out in urban areas. Originality/value/contribution – An attempt to synthesize the impact of an aspect of the informal economy on largely formal sector operators. The study provided a perspec- tive on street trading, which has not received much scholarly attention as a channel of distribution. Keywords: FMCG companies, informal retail, street trading, street vendors. JEL Classification: D3, E2, F1.
Desafíos laborales en Cozumel: análisis del subsector Preparación y Servicio de Alimentos y Bebidas
Authors:   División de Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo, México, Gutiérrez Urzúa José Ricardo , Moo Canul María de Jesús ,   División de Administración Turística y Mercadotecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo, México
Published: December 2023

La persistente precariedad laboral en México, agravada por las reformas y la pandemia, plantea un desafío crucial en el ámbito turístico de Cozumel. Incluso los trabajadores formales se ven afectados por condiciones de trabajo precarias. En este contexto, el presente artículo analiza la precariedad laboral en el subsector Preparación y Servicio de Alimentos y Bebidas de Cozumel, México, a través de un análisis multidimensional de factores desde una perspectiva crítica de la sustentabilidad y la comunicación. A partir de un enfoque cuantitativo, se encuestó a 327 empleados del sector formal mediante un muestreo por cuotas. Se evaluaron aspectos como salarios insuficientes, falta de seguridad en el empleo, carencia de seguridad social y largas jornadas. Estos resultados se compararon con estadísticas nacionales y se analizaron críticamente desde el prisma de la sustentabilidad y la comunicación. Se encontró que, a pesar de las reformas laborales de 2019, este estudio revela que la mayoría de los trabajadores enfrentan desafíos significativos en sus condiciones de trabajo, como la dependencia de propinas, contratos no documentados, problemas en la seguridad social y dificultades con el pago de horas extra. Estos hallazgos señalan la persistencia de problemas estructurales en el mercado laboral que necesitan atención y reformas adicionales. Desde la perspectiva de la comunicación constitutiva, se reconoce que la percepción de las condiciones de trabajo se construye y comunica socialmente basada en estadísticas oficialistas. Estos elementos desafían la percepción común de prosperidad económica en Cozumel, revelando la precariedad laboral subyacente en el paraíso. A pesar de algunas mejoras derivadas de las reformas, persisten desafíos significativos que deben abordarse para asegurar condiciones laborales más justas en la industria turística de Cozumel.
Gestión comunitaria del riesgo: experiencias vividas después de los eventos hidrometeorológicos de Íngrid y Manuel (Coyuca de Benítez, México)
Authors:   Centro de Ciencias de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México, Morales Ruano José Vladimir , Sandoval Vázquez Francisco Rubén ,   Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Cuautla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México, Garibay Arciniega Joselin ,   Centro de Ciencias de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México, Lima Vargas Álvaro Enrique ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo, Campus Playa del Carmen, Cardona Castaño Juan Camilo ,   Centro de Ciencias de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México, Frausto Martínez Dr. Oscar
Published: December 2023

Los eventos hidrometeorológicos tienen un impacto significativo en la estructura social y territorial. Las comunidades que han vivido la experiencia de estos eventos proporcionan testimonios sobre cómo han enfrentado estas situaciones. El objetivo del estudio fue sistematizar las experiencias vividas de gestión comunitaria del riesgo (GCR), después de los eventos hidrometeorológicos de Ingrid y Manuel en tres localidades del municipio de Coyuca de Benítez, México. Para recabar la información fue necesario el enfoque cualitativo testimonial. Se construyó un mapa de actores para identificar a las partes interesadas y se realizaron siete entrevistas semiestructuradas con muestreo intencional a los tomadores de decisiones que voluntariamente participaron. La información recopilada se analizó mediante análisis del discurso. La delimitación del área de estudio se llevó a cabo utilizando ArcMap e imágenes satelitales. Los tomadores de decisiones manifestaron en sus testimonios una falta de preparación para enfrentar los eventos hidrometeorológicos de Íngrid y Manuel. La comunicación y la solidaridad surgieron como factores clave dentro de la comunidad para hacer frente a los eventos. Las comunidades consideraron que los eventos de Íngrid y Manuel permitieron la implementación de un sistema de alerta con participación comunitaria, y reconocieron la necesidad de una planificación territorial basada en los riesgos de inundación en la zona baja del río Coyuca. Es crucial capacitar tanto a nivel institucional como comunitario para hacer frente al riesgo de inundaciones. Los eventos de Íngrid y Manuel dejaron importantes lecciones, como la necesidad de aumentar la capacidad instalada del municipio y generar estrategias efectivas
Alexander Blok’s “The Rose and the Cross” and Charles Robert Maturin’s “Melmoth the Wanderer”
Authors:   University of Pittsburgh, Altshuller Mark G.
Published: December 2023

This article deals with Alexander Blok’s symbolist drama “The Rose and the Cross” (1913), the main idea of which is the tragedy of love and death. There is no doubt that this play reflected the writer’s own experiences, national literary associations connected with the fate of poets of the 19th century (for example, Vasily Zhukovsky, or Apollon Grigoryev), and Western European literary reminiscences: storylines, themes, and motifs of the Old Provençal courtly “Romance of Flamenca,” 12th-century Codex Campostellanus, “The Book of Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere,” etc. As is known, Blok was engaged in a thorough study of early medieval literary texts and reading special literature about this historical period to create his play. The major sources of “The Rose and the Cross” were once analyzed by Viktor Zhirmunsky, but the key idea of Blok’s drama (love and sorrow often go together, or love is impossible without suffering) is most clearly, vividly and consistently carried out in the book, which was never mentioned either in the poet’s works, or any preparatory materials for the play. It is the famous English Gothic novel by Charles Robert Maturin “Melmoth the Wanderer” (1820), where, as we assume, motifs similar to Blok’s dramatic work can be found in the nested story “Tale of the Indians,” which influenced, to some extent, his text: thus, only the knight Bertrand, like the beautiful Immalee (Isidora), whose love for Melmoth is happiness, but it is also inseparable from grief and sorrow, is destined to understand the mysterious words of the poet Gaetan and combine joy, suffering and death at the cost of his life.
L.N. Tolstoy and his French-speaking Correspondents Opinions on Art. Reception of the tractate “What is art?” in France
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gladkova (Kalyuzhnaya) Lydmila V.
Published: December 2023

The article concentrates on the study of French-speaking correspondents’ letters to Tolstoy, the texts of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The work aims to identify the French literary context reflected in Tolstoy’s treatise “What Is Art?” The article analyzes the reception of the writer’s views on art in France. The object of the investigation is the multilingualism of the treatise: Tolstoy often gives literary movements, foreign authors, and the names of their works in the original language, since he addresses an educated reader. The treatise’s author follows the classification of contemporary French literature, offered by J. Huret, author of the book “Enquête sur l'évolution littéraire” (Paris, 1891). It was available in Tolstoy’s library in Yasnaya Polyana but has not yet become the object of research in connection with his treatise. The article considers the reception of the treatise “What Is Art?,” published in France in 1898 in two translations at once — by Theodore de Wyzewa and E. Halperin-Kaminsky — and aroused keen interest among French readers. An important part of the research is devoted to the problem of understanding and perception of art, expressed in Tolstoy’s correspondence with French writers and journalists — M. Prevost, P. Sabatier, and R. Doumic. The article examines the works of Russian researchers P.S. Popov and B.V. Gornung, who attempted to identify the range of foreign sources of the treatise “What Is Art?” and determine its place in the field of aesthetics and in the works of Tolstoy.
Features of the Translation of the Symbol in English Poetry (Based on the Poem by A.A. Blok “Stranger”)
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Iakusheva Daria D.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the reception of a poetic text in a “foreign” language environment and the interlanguage transformations that inevitably arise when translating a literary work from the original language into a foreign one. The author considers the topic which is important for the general theory of translation as the equivalence problem. This problem raises many questions, including the inability to recreate the original text in another language. The quality of translation depends on many factors (features of the compared languages, culture, translation methods), which make the work to be reborn. Using the method of componential analysis, we can judge what content units the translator identifies and how accurate interlingual correspondences he finds for them. Based on A.A. Blok’s poem “The Stranger” (1906) and its translation into English by Vladimir Nabokov, the study demonstrates the antithesis mechanism, providing the ambivalence of symbolic meanings in the poem. The idea of “moving measure,” offered by A.V. Mikhailov, allows us to emphasize cultural traditions in which the work of art originated and text metamorphoses that occurred in a different environment (both historical and linguistic). Thus, our research objective was to analyze the lexical and stylistic features (idiostyle) of the original text and their compliance / transformation in the translation of V. Nabokov.
In Search of Lost Realities: Alan Bennett’s “The Uncommon Reader’’ through Russian Reader’s Eyes
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zabotin Daniil V.
Published: December 2023

The article is dedicated to the critical reflection of the original and translated version of Alan Bennett’s “The Uncommon Reader,” whose main character is unnamed, but easily recognizable Queen Elizabeth II. Consequently, the entire different cultural context of this pseudo-biographical narrative creates certain difficulties for the translator, because she has to understand and reproduce with maximum accuracy what English speakers read without any hindrance. So, the main approach of the translation of “The Uncommon Reader” into Russian is considered to be a domesticating strategy, which means the need to adapt the story by simplifying or replacing (renaming) historical and everyday realities, when they are transplanted from one worldview to another: for example, “Alsatian — German Shepherd” or “Dame Commander — Court Lady.” It should be emphasized that the nomination problem plays an important role in Bennett’s work: while his characters dive into the depths of fiction, they seem to start to get know to themselves anew with the help of found “second names” that are foreign words of Greek (“opsimath”) and Latin (“amanuensis”) origin. The study of the author’s reading philosophy leads us to the conclusion about the uniqueness of the original title of the story, reflecting the idea of the ambivalent nature of the image of Her Royal Majesty. After a long journey from a novice reader to a writing reader, she still decided to enter the circle of the independent Republic of Letters, which blossoms with tens of names of novelists, poets, and dramatists of the present and the past on the pages of “The Uncommon Reader.” Such a literary union demanded from the translator to create a separate and well-thought commentary, which can be interpreted as a secondary attempt at “reverse translation” (A.V. Mikhailov).