bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habitat associations of dryland avian communities during an extended dry period
Authors: Gorta Simon B. Z. , Callaghan Corey T. , Pedler Reece D. , Read John L. , West Rebecca S. , Kingsford Richard T.
Published: November 2022

The influence of resource availability on ecosystem function varies spatially and temporally, among and within ecosystems. Dramatic shifts in moisture‐driven resources can drive bottom‐up effects on animal behaviours and distributions. Further, complexity arises when landscapes are influenced by large mammalian grazers and predator‐induced trophic cascades, such as those mediated by the dingo (Canis familiaris (Dingo)) in the eastern arid Strzelecki Desert in Australia. During the driest two‐year period on record for this region, we investigated the persistence of avian communities associated with structurally distinct dunes and swale habitats, and across two different land management regimes (pastoral land with livestock and dingoes, and Sturt National Park managed for conservation without these animals). We grouped all birds into dietary functional groups to infer patterns of habitat use associated with available resources. We also compared incidental observations of the ‘winter’ bird community in part of the study region between the extended dry period of 2018/2019 and wet period of 2020/2021. Despite habitat partitioning, the avian community did not differ between land management regimes except in species richness during the dry period, likely driven by the low numbers of birds present during the surveys. Incidental observations indicated that insectivorous and omnivorous species dominated the bird community in the dry period, with granivorous species forming a greater proportion of the bird community during wet times. Birds with completely or partially insectivorous diets dominated avian species composition on surveys in the dry period, but there were distinct structural vegetation associations among functional groups, indicating that heterogeneity in vegetation structure was likely important for the conservation of refuges, which enable the persistence of avifauna during extended dry periods. Distinct habitat type, structure and available resources shaped avian communities in this landscape, during the extremely resource‐limited extended dry period, with implications for conservation and management, particularly given the increasing drying effects of climate change.
Telephone cognitive screening with older Aboriginal Australians: A preliminary study
Authors: Veinovic Madeleine , Hill Thi Yen , Lavrencic Louise , Broe Gerald A. , Delbaere Kim , Donovan Terrence , Draper Brian , Lasschuit Danielle , Mann Rebecca , Sullivan Kylie , Timbery Alison , Radford Kylie
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Cognitive screening via telehealth is increasingly employed, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Telephone adaptations of existing cognitive screening tests must be validated across diverse populations. The present study sought to evaluate an existing 26‐point telephone adaptation of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (tMMSE) in a sample of older Aboriginal Australians. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate a telephone adaptation of the urban version of the Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment short‐form (tKICA screen).

Methods

A sub‐sample (n = 20) of participants (aged 55–69 years; 11 women) who had completed an in‐person cognitive assessment (MMSE and KICA screen) within the past 6 months as part of the Koori Growing Old Well Study completed telephone‐based cognitive testing without an assistant.

Results

There was moderate correlation and reasonable agreement between MMSE versions (rs = 0.33; p = 0.2), although the limits of agreement were unacceptably wide (−4.1 and 4.8 points difference). Poorer performance was seen on the tMMSE for Season (p = 0.02) and Phrase (p = 0.02) items, and better performance for three‐word Recall (p = 0.03). KICA‐screen versions were poorly correlated (rs = 0.20; p = 0.4) with telephone scoring a mean of 2.17 points below the face‐to‐face score, greater bias observed at the lower end of the performance and worse scores for Season (p = 0.02) and Recall (p = 0.001) items. Age and education were not associated with telephone screening performance. Hearing impairment was associated with poorer performance on the tKICA screen (p = 0.04) but not the tMMSE (p = 0.6).

Conclusions

Results indicate that telephone administration of the MMSE and/or KICA screen is not equivalent to in‐person testing for older Aboriginal people, and further revision and evaluation are required.
Do proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of dementia? A systematic review, meta‐analysis and bias analysis
Authors: Ahn Nayeon , Nolde Michael , Krause Evamaria , Güntner Florian , Günter Alexander , Tauscher Martin , Gerlach Roman , Meisinger Christa , Linseisen Jakob , Baumeister Sebastian‐Edgar , Rückert‐Eheberg Ina‐Maria
Published: November 2022

Aim

Previous studies on the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) intake and the increased risk of dementia has shown discrepancies in their conclusions. We aimed to provide updated evidence based on extensive bias assessments and quantitative sensitivity analyses.

Methods

We searched the databases PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CENTRAL and clinicaltrials.gov for prospective studies that examined an association between PPI use and dementia, up to February 2022. Each study was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tools for non‐randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS‐I) or randomized trials (RoB2). Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% prediction intervals were computed using random‐effects models. Sensitivity analyses were adjusted for small‐study bias.

Results

We included nine observational studies with 204 108 dementia cases in the primary analysis on the association between PPI use vs. non‐use and dementia, and the RR was 1.16 (95% CI = 1.00; 1.35). After adjusting for small‐study bias by Copas selection model and Rücker's shrinkage procedure, the RR was 1.16 (1.02; 1.32) and 1.15 (1.13; 1.17), respectively. A subgroup analysis of PPI use vs. non‐use regarding Alzheimer's disease risk yielded an RR of 1.15 (0.89; 1.50). The secondary analysis on the risk of dementia by use of PPI vs. histamine‐2 receptor antagonist showed an RR of 1.03 (0.66; 1.62).

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis provided no clear evidence for an association between PPI intake and the risk of dementia. Due to discrepancies in sensitivity analyses, however, some risk of dementia by PPI use cannot be ruled out. Since an unequivocal conclusion is still pending, further research is warranted.
Being good to look good: Self‐reported moral character predicts moral double standards among reputation‐seeking individuals
Authors: Dong Mengchen , Kupfer Tom R. , Yuan Shuai , van Prooijen Jan‐Willem
Published: November 2022

Moral character is widely expected to lead to moral judgements and practices. However, such expectations are often breached, especially when moral character is measured by self‐report. We propose that because self‐reported moral character partly reflects a desire to appear good, people who self‐report a strong moral character will show moral harshness towards others and downplay their own transgressions—that is, they will show greater moral hypocrisy. This self‐other discrepancy in moral judgements should be pronounced among individuals who are particularly motivated by reputation. Employing diverse methods including large‐scale multination panel data (N = 34,323), and vignette and behavioural experiments (N = 700), four studies supported our proposition, showing that various indicators of moral character (Benevolence and Universalism values, justice sensitivity, and moral identity) predicted harsher judgements of others' more than own transgressions. Moreover, these double standards emerged particularly among individuals possessing strong reputation management motives. The findings highlight how reputational concerns moderate the link between moral character and moral judgement.
Do we fail to exert self‐control because we lack resources or motivation? Competing theories to explain a debated phenomenon
Authors: Troll Eve Sarah , Friese Malte , Loschelder David D.
Published: November 2022

Exerting effort in a first task can impair self‐control performance in a subsequent task. Hundreds of studies have examined this ego depletion effect, but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. By contrasting the two most prominent models, the strength model and the process model, the following question takes centre stage: Do participants fail to exert self‐control because they run short of an unspecified resource or because they lack the motivation to engage in the subsequent task? We contrasted competing predictions (N = 560) from these two models by manipulating monetary incentives to be donated to charity in the first of two tasks. We found evidence of the standard ego depletion effect—self‐control performance was impaired after a high‐ versus a low‐demand task in the no‐incentive conditions. Incentives had an unexpected effect: Whereas participants in the incentive conditions showed higher intrinsic, autonomous motivation, they did not exert greater effort. This unexpected finding limited the applicability of our registered predictions; thus, we opted to test updated predictions. We discuss the theoretical implications of our understanding of the processes underlying ego depletion effects and their meaning for the ongoing debate about replicability and robustness.
Common carotid segmentation in 18F‐sodium fluoride PET/CT scans: Head‐to‐head comparison of artificial intelligence‐based and manual method
Authors: Piri Reza , Hamakan Yaran , Vang Ask , Edenbrandt Lars , Larsson Måns , Enqvist Olof , Gerke Oke , Høilund‐Carlsen Poul Flemming
Published: November 2022

Background

Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause of stroke, traditionally diagnosed late. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F‐sodium fluoride (NaF) detects arterial wall micro‐calcification long before macro‐calcification becomes detectable by ultrasound, CT or magnetic resonance imaging. However, manual PET/CT processing is time‐consuming and requires experience. We compared a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach with manual segmentation of the common carotids.

Methods

Segmentation in NaF‐PET/CT scans of 29 healthy volunteers and 20 angina pectoris patients were compared for segmented volume (Vol) and mean, maximal, and total standardized uptake values (SUVmean, SUVmax, and SUVtotal). SUVmean was the average of SUVmeans within the VOI, SUVmax the highest SUV in all voxels in the VOI, and SUVtotal the SUVmean multiplied by the Vol of the VOI. Intra and Interobserver variability with manual segmentation was examined in 25 randomly selected scans.

Results

Bias for Vol, SUVmean, SUVmax, and SUVtotal were 1.33 ± 2.06, −0.01 ± 0.05, 0.09 ± 0.48, and 1.18 ± 1.99 in the left and 1.89 ± 1.5, −0.07 ± 0.12, 0.05 ± 0.47, and 1.61 ± 1.47, respectively, in the right common carotid artery. Manual segmentation lasted typically 20 min versus 1 min with the CNN‐based approach. Mean Vol deviation at repeat manual segmentation was 14% and 27% in left and right common carotids.

Conclusions

CNN‐based segmentation was much faster and provided SUVmean values virtually identical to manually obtained ones, suggesting CNN‐based analysis as a promising substitute of slow and cumbersome manual processing.
Plant community trajectories following livestock exclusion for conservation vary and hinge on initial invasion and soil‐biocrust conditions in shrub steppe
Authors: Germino Matthew J. , Kluender Chad R. , Anthony Christopher R.
Published: November 2022

Adjustments or complete withdrawal of livestock grazing are among the most common conservation actions in semiarid uplands, but outcomes can vary considerably with ecological context. Invasion by exotic annual grasses and the excessive wildfire they promote are increasing threats to semiarid shrub‐steppe, and plant‐community response to livestock exclusion in these areas may be complicated by the rapid colonization ability of invaders. We evaluated vegetation‐community changes over 14‐year interval (2007–2021) in a shrub‐steppe landscape where a >100‐year history of livestock grazing had been terminated in 1996. Field surveys revealed that bare‐soil exposure decreased >20% over the 14 years owing to biomass accumulation, but this was primarily due to large increases in exotic annual “cheatgrass” (Bromus tectorum, +1.8‐fold) and the litter it produces (+1.5‐fold). Soil biocrusts increased 11.9% and perennial bunchgrasses increased 3% over the 14 years. These community changes varied at the patch scale and entailed inverse relationships of (1) both cheatgrass and biocrusts to plant‐community basal cover, (2) cheatgrass to both biocrusts and perennial grasses, and (3) biocrusts to cheatgrass and litter. The spatiotemporal variability in vegetation constituted changes in plant‐community states, according to cluster analysis. The modeled probability of a community transitioning to a cheatgrass state was (1) strongly and positively related to the initial (2007) cover of cheatgrass in hotspots where initial cheatgrass cover was >20%, and (2) negatively related to biocrust cover where initial biocrust cover was >4% of ground area. The decision space for this landscape can be framed as a shifting from acceptance towards resisting further degradation by removing livestock and their trampling of soil surfaces and utilization of perennial herbs. However, cheatgrass appears to be the most impactful agent of change and continued invasion appears imminent. Active restoration may help resist further degradation and direct change towards tolerable conditions.
Climate‐linked increasing vegetation fires in global high mountains
Authors: Xu Chao , You Chao
Published: November 2022

The spatiotemporal variability of vegetation fires is essential for understanding changes in the climate and ecosystem in mountainous regions. MODIS Collection 6 active fire products indicate that the area burned by vegetation fires declined globally from over 4.27 million km2 to less than 3.52 million km2 annually during 2001–2021. In contrast, global high mountains higher than 3000 m have experienced an overall increase in their burned area and suffered record‐breaking wildfires from August to December 2020. Although high mountains accounted for less than 0.03% of the global burned area during 2001–2021, this proportion had more than tripled by 2020. This unprecedented wildfire record in 2020 could be mainly caused by favorable fire weather conditions such as low relative humidity, low soil water and high temperature.
Gains from globalization and economic nationalism: AMLO versus NAFTA in the 2006 Mexican elections
Authors: Bustos Sebastián , Morales‐Arilla Jose
Published: November 2022

Do gains from globalization erode support for economic nationalism? We study how North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)‐enhanced local access to US markets affected Mexican demands for protectionist platforms. The left—led by Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO)—underperformed in cities benefiting from export‐access gains during the 2006 presidential elections. This effect is observed strictly in 2006—the only post‐NAFTA election in which debates over trade integration played a salient role. Our findings are robust to controls for import‐competing pressures from NAFTA and the China shock. AMLO's 2006 protectionist platform likely cost him that year's election, and campaign media strategies in 2012 map to this earlier backlash.
A size‐constrained feeding‐niche model distinguishes predation patterns between aquatic and terrestrial food webs
Authors: Li Jingyi , Luo Mingyu , Wang Shaopeng , Gauzens Benoit , Hirt Myriam R. , Rosenbaum Benjamin , Brose Ulrich
Published: November 2022

Understanding the formation of feeding links provides insights into processes underlying food webs. Generally, predators feed on prey within a certain body‐size range, but a systematic quantification of such feeding niches is lacking. We developed a size‐constrained feeding‐niche (SCFN) model and parameterized it with information on both realized and non‐realized feeding links in 72 aquatic and 65 terrestrial food webs. Our analyses revealed profound differences in feeding niches between aquatic and terrestrial predators and variation along a temperature gradient. Specifically, the predator–prey body‐size ratio and the range in prey sizes increase with the size of aquatic predators, whereas they are nearly constant across gradients in terrestrial predator size. Overall, our SCFN model well reproduces the feeding relationships and predation architecture across 137 natural food webs (including 3878 species and 136,839 realized links). Our results illuminate the organisation of natural food webs and enables novel trait‐based and environment‐explicit modelling approaches.
Lead independent director and earnings management
Authors: Hsu Yuan‐Teng , Lee Cheng‐Few , Lin Chih‐Yung , Tang Ning
Published: November 2022

In this study, we examine the effects of lead independent directors (LIDs) on firms' earnings management. On the basis of US firms from 2000 to 2018, those with LIDs managed earnings less, as reflected by the absolute value of discretionary accruals. Specifically, we find the effect is likely to be more prominent among firms with less disclosure transparency, weaker corporate governance and higher risk. In addition, we find that firms with LIDs tend to increase R&D and capital expenditures, reduce leverages and enhance firm values. Overall, the findings indicate the monitoring of LIDs can effectively reduce firms' earnings management and enhance firm values.
How consistent is the advice from stock assessments? Empirical estimates of inter‐assessment bias and uncertainty for marine fish and invertebrate stocks
Authors: Bi Rujia , Collier Chip , Mann Roger , Mills Katherine E. , Saba Vincent , Wiedenmann John , Jensen Olaf P.
Published: November 2022

Fishery management frequently involves precautionary buffering for scientific uncertainty. For example, a precautionary buffer that scales with scientific uncertainty is used to calculate the acceptable biological catch downward from the overfishing limit in the US federal fishery management system. However, there is little empirical guidance to suggest how large buffers for scientific uncertainty should be. One important component of uncertainty is variation among different assessments of the same stock in estimates of management‐relevant quantities. We analysed commercially exploited marine fish and invertebrate stocks around the world and developed Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify inter‐assessment variation in terminal year biomass and fishing mortality estimates, reference points, relative biomass and fishing mortality estimates, and overfishing limits. There was little evidence of inter‐assessment bias; stock assessment estimates in the terminal year of the assessment were not consistently higher or lower than estimates of the same quantities in future years. However, there was a tendency for extreme values from the terminal year to be pulled closer to the mean in future years. Inter‐assessment variation in all estimates differed across regions, and a longer inter‐assessment interval generally resulted in greater variation. Inter‐assessment uncertainty was greatest for estimates of the overfishing limit, with coefficients of variation ranging from 17% in Europe (non‐EU) to 107% for Pacific Ocean pelagic stocks. Because inter‐assessment variation is only one component of scientific uncertainty, we suggest that these uncertainty estimates may provide a basis for determining the minimum size of precautionary buffers.
Reduction in animal abundance and oxygen availability during and after the end‐Triassic mass extinction
Authors: Singh Pulkit , Lu Wanyi , Lu Zunli , Jost Adam B. , Lau Kimberly , Bachan Aviv , van de Schootbrugge Bas , Payne Jonathan L.
Published: November 2022

The end‐Triassic biodiversity crisis was one of the most severe mass extinctions in the history of animal life. However, the extent to which the loss of taxonomic diversity was coupled with a reduction in organismal abundance remains to be quantified. Further, the temporal relationship between organismal abundance and local marine redox conditions is lacking in carbonate sections. To address these questions, we measured skeletal grain abundance in shallow‐marine limestones by point counting 293 thin sections from four stratigraphic sections across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in the Lombardy Basin and Apennine Platform of western Tethys. Skeletal abundance decreased abruptly across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in all stratigraphic sections. The abundance of skeletal organisms remained low throughout the lower‐middle Hettangian strata and began to rebound during the late Hettangian and early Sinemurian. A two‐way ANOVA indicates that sample age (p < .01, η2 = 0.30) explains more of the variation in skeletal abundance than the depositional environment or paleobathymetry (p < .01, η2 = 0.15). Measured I/Ca ratios, a proxy for local shallow‐marine redox conditions, show this same pattern with the lowest I/Ca ratios occurring in the early Hettangian. The close correspondence between oceanic water column oxygen levels and skeletal abundance indicates a connection between redox conditions and benthic organismal abundance across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary. These findings indicate that the end‐Triassic mass extinction reduced not only the biodiversity but also the carrying capacity for skeletal organisms in early Hettangian ecosystems, adding to evidence that mass extinction of species generally leads to mass rarity among survivors.
Seagrass ecosystem multifunctionality under the rise of a flagship marine megaherbivore
Authors: Christianen Marjolijn J. A. , Smulders Fee O. H. , Vonk Jan Arie , Becking Leontine E. , Bouma Tjeerd J. , Engel Sabine M. , James Rebecca K. , Nava Mabel I. , de Smit Jaco C. , van der Zee Jurjan P. , Palsbøll Per J. , Bakker Elisabeth S.
Published: November 2022

Large grazers (megaherbivores) have a profound impact on ecosystem functioning. However, how ecosystem multifunctionality is affected by changes in megaherbivore populations remains poorly understood. Understanding the total impact on ecosystem multifunctionality requires an integrative ecosystem approach, which is especially challenging to obtain in marine systems. We assessed the effects of experimentally simulated grazing intensity scenarios on ecosystem functions and multifunctionality in a tropical Caribbean seagrass ecosystem. As a model, we selected a key marine megaherbivore, the green turtle, whose ecological role is rapidly unfolding in numerous foraging areas where populations are recovering through conservation after centuries of decline, with an increase in recorded overgrazing episodes. To quantify the effects, we employed a novel integrated index of seagrass ecosystem multifunctionality based upon multiple, well‐recognized measures of seagrass ecosystem functions that reflect ecosystem services. Experiments revealed that intermediate turtle grazing resulted in the highest rates of nutrient cycling and carbon storage, while sediment stabilization, decomposition rates, epifauna richness, and fish biomass are highest in the absence of turtle grazing. In contrast, intense grazing resulted in disproportionally large effects on ecosystem functions and a collapse of multifunctionality. These results imply that (i) the return of a megaherbivore can exert strong effects on coastal ecosystem functions and multifunctionality, (ii) conservation efforts that are skewed toward megaherbivores, but ignore their key drivers like predators or habitat, will likely result in overgrazing‐induced loss of multifunctionality, and (iii) the multifunctionality index shows great potential as a quantitative tool to assess ecosystem performance. Considerable and rapid alterations in megaherbivore abundance (both through extinction and conservation) cause an imbalance in ecosystem functioning and substantially alter or even compromise ecosystem services that help to negate global change effects. An integrative ecosystem approach in environmental management is urgently required to protect and enhance ecosystem multifunctionality.
Correct dosing of Prothrombinex‐VF in normalising elevated international normalised ratio in critically ill patients: a prospective cohort pilot study
Authors: McAlister Ailbhe C. , Ho Kwok M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Prothrombinex‐VF is being increasingly used as an off‐label therapy to correct non‐warfarin‐related elevations in international normalised ratio (INR) in the critically ill. Currently there are no dosing guidelines for such use.

Aims

To validate a prediction equation, embedded in a smartphone application (app), to guide dosing of Prothrombinex‐VF in critically ill patients.

Methods

A prospective pilot cohort study of critically ill adult patients with elevated INRs who were treated with Prothrombinex‐VF. The main outcome measured was INR following Prothrombinex‐VF administration.

Results

Of the 31 patients included, five (16%) were taking warfarin prior to admission and 14 (45%) had chronic liver disease. There was a significant decrease in INR after Prothrombinex‐VF treatment (P < 0.001) and a significant correlation between the app's predicted INRs and the measured INRs (r = 0.63 and P < 0.001). The app's predicted INRs were less accurate for patients with chronic liver disease than for those without. Overall, the app's recommendations achieved an INR either similar to (29.6%) or better than (55.6%) what would have been achieved had the warfarin reversal guidelines been applied to dose the Prothrombinex‐VF.

Conclusion

The app appeared to be reasonably accurate at predicting normalisation of elevated INRs after administration of Prothrombinex‐VF, especially among patients without liver disease. Its dosing recommendations were similar to or possibly better than preexisting warfarin reversal guidelines in over 85% of the situations analysed, if we assume a higher dose of Prothrombinex‐VF would achieve a greater reduction in INR than a lower dose.
Psychological disorders among Spanish Nursing students three months afterCOVID‐19 lockdown: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mendez‐Pinto Itziar , Antuña‐Casal Maria , Mosteiro‐Diaz Maria‐Pilar
Published: November 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic had a notable impact on the psychological well‐being of a large part of the population, putting them at risk of developing depressive symptoms, different levels of anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One group considered to be at high risk are Nursing students; they were affected as learning strategies changed and clinical practices were cancelled. This study attempts to assess the psychological impact COVID‐19 pandemic had on Nursing students and to explore the sociodemographic differences that can be risk factors for mental health disturbance. The psychological impact was evaluated using the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The study took place 4 months after the state of alarm was declared over in Spain. From a total sample of 304 Nursing students, 26.7%, 39.8%, and 15.5% showed PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms, respectively. Severe levels of psychological impact have been associated with being a female, a smoker, and feeling fear and stress. Having a relative test positive has been linked to lower anxiety levels while being afraid or stressed to higher anxiety levels. Being a female, co‐habit with friends and feeling stress have been associated with higher depression levels.
A comparative study of full‐thickness skin grafting with and without subcutaneous fat preservation
Authors: Liu Jiaxi , Qu Linghan , Song Baoqiang
Published: November 2022

Skin grafting is an important method of wound repair and reconstruction. Skin grafting can be classified using multiple classification criteria. We often perform full‐thickness skin grafting (FTSG) for small wound areas; however, the traditional FTSG technique frequently causes postoperative scar depression at the donor site, especially in the abdomen. This study aimed to determine whether preserving the subcutaneous fat when performing FTSG can improve donor site prognosis. We reviewed 25 patients who underwent autologous FTSG in the last 3 years. Among them, subcutaneous fat was preserved in 11 patients (experimental group), whereas it was not preserved in 14 patients (control group). Using a 3D camera and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), we evaluated the donor site postoperatively. According to POSAS, vascularization was significantly more severe in the experimental group. The Antera 3D camera revealed more severe scar depression at the donor site in the control group. The processing time for graft take, subcutaneous fat trimming and donor site closure was less in the experimental group than in the control group. Preserving subcutaneous fat at the donor site improved patient outcomes by reducing donor site depression after FTSG.
A meta‐analysis showing the quantitative evidence base of perineural nalbuphine for wound pain from upper‐limb orthopaedic trauma surgery
Authors: Shi Wei , Dong Jing , Chen Jian‐Feng , Yu Hai
Published: November 2022

The adjuvant effectiveness of nalbuphine in context of brachial plexus block (BPB) in patients undergoing upper‐limb orthopaedic trauma surgery has remained uncertain. The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the analgesic benefit of mixing nalbuphine into local anaesthetics in BPB for wound pain from upper‐limb trauma surgery. Primary outcome was the duration of analgesia. Seventeen trials (1104 patients) were analysed. Patients receiving nalbuphine have an increased weighted mean difference (WMD) 95% confidence interval of the duration of analgesia by 186.91 minutes (133.67 to 240.16) (P < 0.001). Compared to placebo, nalbuphine shorten the onset time of sensory and motor block by WMD of 2.59 (1.27 to 3.92) and 3.06 minutes (1.65 to 4.48) (P < 0.001), respectively. Meanwhile, nalbuphine prolonged the durations of sensory and motor block (P < 0.001). Qualitative and quantitative synthesis revealed no differences with regard to the outcomes related to side‐effects. There is moderate‐quality evidence that the addition of nalbuphine to local anaesthetics for BPB in patients undergoing upper‐limb orthopaedic trauma surgery significantly prolongs the duration of analgesia, while preserving a similar safety‐profile compared with local anaesthetics alone. However, these benefits should be further weighed against nalbuphine‐related neurological safety in future studies.
The assessment for selection and correction of RS‐based DEMs and 1D and 2D HEC‐RAS models for flood mapping in different river types
Authors: Arash Amir Mohammad , Yasi Mehdi
Published: November 2022

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) act as an essential input to hydraulic models for the simulation of flood hazard maps. Coarser resolution DEMs are subject to higher levels of uncertainty, particularly in capturing river‐bed bathymetry. The principal aim of the present study was to assess the potential use of freely available DEMs and the 1D and 2D HEC‐RAS modeling approaches for flood mapping in four different types of river morphology. The DEM created from direct river survey (Surveyed DEM) was used as a benchmark to assess three remote sensing‐based DEMs (i.e., ALOS, SRTM, and ASTER). The results indicated that ALOS is more accurate. However, the regeneration of main‐channel bathymetry was poor for floodplain‐meandering and braided river reaches. The DEMs were then corrected by optimizing the number and layout of representative sections. A total of 144 tests were carried out. The results indicated that the flood‐mapping index F of ALOS increased from 86% to 91%. The flood mapping with a 1D model was sufficient in straight reaches (F‐index 84%). In floodplain‐meandering rivers, a 2D model had to be used to reach an F‐index up to 81%. The responses of both 1D and 2D models were almost identical in the case of wide‐braided rivers.
Consumption coping strategies and well‐being among refugee consumers
Authors: Zourrig Haithem , El Hedhli Kamel
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to provide new insight into refugee consumers' adaptation to stress with a particular emphasis on consumption coping strategies and well‐being. Drawing on the appraisal‐coping theory, this paper proposes a theoretical framework relating stress to coping responses and refugee well‐being. Social support is also introduced in the framework as a moderator. Examining the interplays between these concepts provides a comprehensive view of how changes in consumption patterns occur and how they affect refugee well‐being. Insights from this paper suggest that consumption activities could be viewed as responses of adaptation to chronic and acute stress. To adapt to new circumstances and reduce their stress, refugee consumers could engage in adaptive consumption coping or maladaptive consumption coping (i.e., compulsive and impulsive consumption), which in turn affect their psychological and physical, family, and economic well‐being. The paper contends that service support moderates the relationships between stress, coping responses, and refugee well‐being.
Risk factors for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia development of singleton normal fetus with partial hydatidiform mole pregnancy: A retrospective cohort and literature review
Authors: Zhong Lan , Song Liang , Yin Rutie , Li Qingli , Wang Danqing
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Singleton normal fetus with partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) pregnancy is a rare phenomenon. No previous reports have investigated the risk factors of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) progression following this condition.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled cases of singleton normal fetuses with PHM pregnancies at West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, from 2005 to 2017. Other cases were identified from PubMed databases during 1975 to 2021 for the cohort study. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to evaluate risk factors for GTN progression based on the patient's clinical characteristics.

Results

Overall, 36 cases of singleton normal fetuses with PHM pregnancies were enrolled. After a median follow‐up of 4.0 (0.8–12.0) months, nine (25.0%) patients progressed to GTN. Gestational age at pregnancy termination (hazard ratio [HR] 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78–0.99, p = 0.032), hyperthyroidism (HR 5.75; 95% CI, 1.16–28.50, p = 0.032), and reasons for pregnancy termination (medical indications vs. patients' choice; HR 0.25; 95% CI, 0.06–0.99, p = 0.049) were significantly correlated with GTN progression. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of gestational age at pregnancy termination to predict non‐progression to GTN was 0.784 (95% CI, 0.615–0.903, p < 0.001). A clinically significant cutoff value, that is, gestational age of 24 weeks, was determined by comprehensively considering the cutoff values of AUC and clinical significance of gestational age.

Conclusions

Compared to gestational age of pregnancy termination <24 weeks, ≥24 weeks was a protective factor for GTN. Therefore, there is enough evidence to continue pregnancy, except for uncontrolled severe complications, without increasing the risk of GTN progression.
Circumscription of Fulbrightiella gen. nov. and Sherwoodiella gen. nov., Two Novel Genera in the Calotrichaceae (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Saraf Aniket , Pal Sagarika , Mishra Deeksha , Singh Prashant , Johansen Jeffrey R.
Published: November 2022

Three novel strains in Calotrichaceae from tropical habitats were isolated and characterized with regard to their morphology, phylogenetic placement, and secondary structures of conserved domains in the 16S‐23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The strains fell into two clades formerly identified as Calothrix from freshwater and brackish habitats. Based on both morphology and ecology, they differed from the type species of Calothrix, C. confervicola, which is marine, has wide trichomes with short cells, and narrows abruptly to a hyaline hair. The first clade grouped species with heteropolar filaments widened at the base and narrowed gradually toward the apex but not ending in a hair, with basal heterocytes that are formed in series as the apically placed heterocytes senesce; this clade is being named Fulbrightiella gen. nov., with two named species, F. bharadwajae sp. nov. and F. oahuensis sp. nov. The second clade was comprised of a single species with isopolar trichomes that are untapering as hormogonia, but which widen midfilament and taper toward both ends following growth. These trichomes develop pairs of heterocyte mid‐filament, causing fragmentation into heteropolar trichomes with basal heterocytes and ends that taper, but not to a hair. This clade consists of a single species at present, Sherwoodiella mauiensis. With this action, four clades in the Calotrichaceae have been named: Macrochaete, Dulcicalothrix, Fulbrightiella, and Sherwoodiella. Calothrix sensu stricto is truly marine, morphologically distinct, and unsequenced; finding and sequencing the generitype for Calothrix remains as the most important and unfinished task in the revision of the Calotrichaceae.
Effect of sleep disturbance on biomarkers related to the development of adverse health outcomes: A systematic review of the human literature
Authors: Sivakumaran Kapeena , Ritonja Jennifer A. , Palmer Nicole , Pasumarthi Tejanth , Waseem Haya , Yu Tiffany , Denning Allison , Michaud David , Morgan Rebecca L.
Published: November 2022

Literature suggests that unrestricted and undisturbed sleep is vital for basic human function and performance; however, it is unclear as to what amount of sleep disturbance leads to dysregulation in biomarkers, which may underscore the development of adverse health effects. This systematic review aims to identify the amount of sleep disturbance that contributes to biomarker changes as a potential precursor to the development of adverse health effects. English‐language comparative studies available in PubMed, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases from 1 January 1980 to 31 July 2021 were searched. Where possible, random‐effects meta‐analyses were used to examine the effect of sleep disturbances on adverse health effects. The risk of bias of individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Risk of Bias of Nonrandomised Studies – of Exposures instruments and the certainty of the body of evidence for each outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The search identified 92 primary studies reporting on blood pressure, hypertension, heart rate, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac output, waist circumference, cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, immune system markers, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Although some meta‐analyses suggested there may be an association between sleep disturbances and certain outcomes, the certainty in the evidence was very low due to concerns with risk of bias, inconsistency across exposures, populations, and imprecision in the estimates of effects. Further research is needed to explore the point at which types, levels and duration of sleep disturbances may begin to increase the risk of developing adverse health outcomes to inform and tailor health interventions.
Cross‐sectional interrelationships between chronotype, obstructive sleep apnea and blood pressure in a middle‐aged community cohort
Authors: Sansom Kelly , Reynolds Amy , Dhaliwal Satvinder S. , Walsh Jennifer , Maddison Kathleen , Singh Bhajan , Eastwood Peter , McArdle Nigel
Published: November 2022

Chronotype is linked to adverse health measures and may have important associations with obstructive sleep apnea and blood pressure, but data are limited. This study aimed to determine the separate and combined associations of chronotype with obstructive sleep apnea and blood pressure in a middle‐aged community population. Adults (n = 811) from the Raine Study (female = 59.2%; age mean [range] = 56.6 [42.1–76.6] years) were assessed for chronotype (Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire), blood pressure and hypertension (doctor diagnosed or systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg), and obstructive sleep apnea at different in‐laboratory apnea–hypopnea index thresholds (5, 10, 15 events per hr). Linear and logistic regression models examined relationships between chronotype and the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea, blood pressure, hypertension, and blood pressure stratified by obstructive sleep apnea severity at above‐mentioned apnea–hypopnea index thresholds. Covariates included age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, sleep duration, anti‐hypertensive medication, insomnia, and depressive symptoms. Most participants were categorised as morning (40%) or intermediate (43%), with 17% meeting criteria for evening chronotypes. Participants with apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15 events per hr and morning chronotype had higher systolic (9.9 mmHg, p < 0.001) and a trend for higher diastolic blood pressure (3.4 mmHg, p = 0.07) compared with those with an evening chronotype, and higher systolic blood pressure compared with those with an intermediate chronotype (4.8 mmHg, p = 0.03). Across chronotype categories, no differences in systolic or diastolic blood pressure or odds of hypertension were found at apnea–hypopnea index thresholds of ≥ 5 or ≥ 10 events per hr. Among participants with apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15 events per hr, systolic blood pressure is higher in those with a morning chronotype than evening and intermediate chronotypes. Assessment for morning chronotype may improve risk stratification for hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Preserving the right of access to copyrighted works based on data regulation
Authors: Ruthes Gonçalves Lukas
Published: November 2022

Toy Story 2 only exists because one of the movie's directors had made a backup copy of the movie while she worked from home, otherwise the movie would have been lost due to a computer malfunction. Just as though content access through the internet was intended to allow for works to become more easily accessible, there is no guarantee that they will remain this way. How, then, do we assure users and creators have not only a right to access content made available online, but also a right to preserve such access? This article intends to answer this question by analyzing US Copyright regulation, how it regulates access and preservation of works, and, especially, how it does not. I argue that a policy proposal regarding a right to preserve access could be had based on data protection regulation. Getting inspiration from the way recent data regulation legislation forced different providers that operate on the internet to adapt their terms into a regulatory “common ground,” this article claims users would be benefited if they could preserve the right of access to works they legally acquired the same way as they have access to and can make copies of their personal data in these services.
Attention to detail: A photo‐elicitation study of salience and packaging design for portion control and healthy eating
Authors: Chu Ruiqi , Tang Tang , Hetherington Marion M.
Published: November 2022

Evidence demonstrates that food packaging attracts consumers to purchase and has the potential to nudge consumers towards healthy choices, including reducing portion size. However, food purchasing decisions are often automatic and packaging features may go unnoticed. Therefore, it is important to understand what consumers identify as most salient about packaging: what they notice and why, and which elements might nudge consumers towards healthy options and smaller portions of high‐energy‐density foods. This study explored consumer perception of food packaging, investigated specific features associated with portion control and elicited design ideas to improve packaging for healthy eating and downsizing. A qualitative approach was adopted applying a participant‐driven photo‐elicitation (PDPE) task with in‐depth interviews. Participants were 25 adults living in the UK (aged 20–32 years; 17 females, 8 males, BMI = 23 kg/m2). Participants took photographs of 10 food packages according to salience (n = 5) and portion control (n = 5). These were uploaded to a secure site and then discussed at the interview, which was transcribed and analysed. The salience of packaging was described in terms of trust building, stimulating appetite and relating to self‐identity, whereas for portion control, themes included structural reminders, healthy prompts and portion awareness. Packaging can be designed to make health value or serving size more salient by prompting portion control and increasing the attractiveness of packaging. While food purchase decisions happen with little deliberation, when probed, consumers provide useful insights for packaging design to assist portion control.
Treating Inferior Pole Fracture of Patella with Hand Plating System: First Clinical Results
Authors: Ma Xiang‐Yu , Cui Dong , Liu Bing , Wang Zheng , Yu Hai‐Long , Yuan Hong , Xiang Liang‐Bi , Zhou Da‐Peng
Published: November 2022

Objective

Inferior pole fractures of patella are notorious fractures where it is difficult to obtain rigid internal fixation by conventional methods. The objective of the study was to introduce the Hand Plating System (HPS), which was a novel surgical technique for inferior pole fractures of patella, and to report the radiological and clinical outcomes following the application of the surgical technique.

Methods

The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. Between July 2017 and December 2018, 30 patients who were diagnosed with inferior pole fracture of the patella without additional orthopaedic injuries were enrolled in this case series. After X‐ray and 3D‐CT examinations, all patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation by HPS with or without supplementary cannulated screw and lag screw stabilization. The bony union time, final range of motion (ROM), Bostman score, visual analog scale (VAS), and complications were measured as the clinical outcomes under a minimum of 12 months of follow‐up.

Results

All of the operations went well with the mean operative time of 76.2 ± 15.3 min. Bony union achieved in all the cases at an average of 9.5 ± 1.4 weeks after surgery. There was no loss of reduction, fixative failure, or surgical implant removal during follow‐up. The average range of motion 1 year postoperatively was 0°–123.3°. The mean Bostman Score at the last follow‐up was 26.8 ± 2.1 with the satisfactory rate of 100%. The pain feeling during walking as measured by VAS averaged at 0.9 ± 1.3. No complications developed except for one case of poor incision healing, which healed eventually after surgical debridement.

Conclusions

HPS was demonstrated as a secure fixation and as a kind of tension band for inferior pole fractures of the patella. Satisfactory recovery of knee function and low complication rate, including no need for hardware removal, could be expected.