bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rare case of cervical agenesis with agenesis of the upper 2/3rd vagina with hematometra
Authors: Makwana Shailesh , Patel Manishkumar , Halpati Sonal
Published: April 2023

Cervical agenesis is an extremely rare form of congenital Mullerian anomaly. Due to the rarity of the cases with different presentations ranging from cervical agenesis to dysgenesis (fragmentation, fibrous cord, obstruction of external os), along with the functionality of the uterus, there are numerous conservative surgical options involving uterovaginal anastomosis, cervical reconstruction, and cervical canalization, and total hysterectomy in cases where conservative surgical procedures fail or not feasible. In our case, the patient was a 32-year-old female with primary amenorrhea with, a history of marriage for 6 years and a history of surgery for primary amenorrhea during adolescence. During the present visit, she had severe abdominal pain due to massive hematometra with a short blind vagina. She was planned for laparoscopic Uterovaginal anastomosis but converted to abdominal hysterectomy due to the large size of uterus, lack of uterine supports, and high length of the defect between the lower end of the uterus and vaginal end. Due to the lack of proper guidelines and variations in clinical presentation, a case-based approach is required.
Determinants for recurrence of febrile seizures in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Marwah Priya , Choudhary Kavita , Mathur Madhu
Published: April 2023

The present study has been carried out to determine the risk factors associated with recurrent febrile seizures.

Thestudy was a hospital based prospective observational study. Risk of factors was evaluated on basis of cumulative analysis of clinical profile of all cases. Every child was followed up for one year.

In our study recurrence was seen in 34 (55.7%) subjects. Factors like age less than 1 year at first episode of febrile seizure, fever duration <24 hours and the temperature at the time of seizure < 102.2F had higher association with recurrence while the factors like gender of child, type of febrile seizure, family history of febrile seizure family history of epilepsy, anemia, serum sodium level, duration of seizure and developmental delay were not associated with recurrence of febrile seizures.

: The quality of family life can be adversely affected by recurrent febrile seizures and can result in exaggeration of fear and anxiety in parents which further needs to be handled with proper education and counseling regarding febrile seizures.

: Identification of the risk factors for recurrence helps to counsel the parents and to address their anxiety during later possible episodes.
Incidence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus in transfusion dependent thalassemia patients of rural Bengal - An institutional study
Authors: Das Sanjushree , Mukhopadhyay Debasis , Jana Sritanu , Jana Kabyashree , Ghosh Tapan
Published: April 2023

: Thalassemia is the world’s commonest monogenic disorder. Molecular biology and genetics have revealed more than 200 mutations of thalassemia syndrome. These children become symptomatic from progressive haemolytic anaemia. They have to take lifelong treatments with regular packed red blood cell transfusion. Our body has no effective means of iron excretion and this leads to progressive iron accumulation in various organs after prolonged blood transfusion. This results in dysfunction of liver, heart and endocrine system and increased mortality. Iron toxicity to pancreatic beta cell leads to impairment in glucose metabolism.

: Our study aims to find out the incidence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in transfusion dependent thalassemia major patients. This is an observational descriptive study carried out from January 2017 to June 2018. The study included 48 samples. There post-prandial blood sugar level and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was analysed. Any proved case of juvenile diabetes mellitus was excluded from the study.

We found that the incidence of IGT and DM were 12.5% and 4.16% respectively in our study population. The blood sugar level was significantly high in study group (p=<0.0001) as compared to the control group. The present study showed strong correlation between units of blood transfusion and blood sugar level as well as HbA1C percentage (in both cases p= <0.00001.)

Thalassemia patients receiving regular blood transfusion are at increased risk of developing IGT and DM. Early initiation of chelation and judicious use of blood transfusion must be considered for these patients to prevent such complications.
Role of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of female pelvic masses with histopathological correlation
Authors: Malikireddy Pruthvi , Mukku Srinivas Reddy , Baja Nagaraju
Published: April 2023

Adnexal mass that can be suspected as malignant with ultrasonography can be diagnosed as benign lesion at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This will help in preventing inappropriate surgery. MRI gives additional information on composition of soft-tissue masses using differences in MR relaxation properties in various tissue, which is not seen in ultrasonography.

To evaluate pelvic pathology by ultrasound and MRI for differentiating malignant and benign tumors in adnexal masses compared with histopathology

Prospective comparative study was carried out among 30 patients with suspected pelvic masses. Thorough clinical history was taken followed by physical examination. Clinically or ultrasonographically detected suspicious pelvic masses were subjected to MRI and correlated histopathologically. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for ultrasonography and MRI with histopathology as gold standard

Majority were <50 years. Bleeding per vaginum and pain abdomen were most common symptoms in 20% each. As per ultrasonography, most common diagnosis was adnexal mass in 36%. As per MRI, most common diagnosis was ovarian pathology in 47%. As per histopathology, most common diagnosis was cervical cancer, fibroids and benign ovarian pathologies in 20% of cases each. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of USG compared to histopathology was 88.2%; 61.5%; 75% and 80% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of MRI compared to histopathology was 100%; 92.8%; 84.1% and 100% respectively. On comparison, MRI had better diagnostic accuracy than USG

MRI is a very sensitive imaging modality for the evaluation of female patients with suspected or confirmed adnexal masses and disease extent is better evaluated than ultrasonography.
Denmark in the Arctic: Robbing Peter to Pay Paul or Feeding the White Elephant?
Authors: Belukhin Nikita
Published: April 2023

Denmark's Arctic policy and its perspective regarding the prospects of resuming peaceful cooperation with Russia are largely determined by the limited resources it is capable of assigning to maintaining and improving the quality of its Arctic presence and by the relationship with the key ally – the United States, which continue to pay increasing attention to the Arctic region. The modest Danish defense budget and the need to allocate substantial resources to modernize and develop of naval forces in the Baltic Sea makes Denmark more prone to peaceful cooperation with Russia in the Arctic, as large-scale investments in the militarization of the region are simply not the option for Denmark. It is likely that Denmark will seek to align its Arctic initiatives with Washington’s Arctic vision as much as possible, but avoid costly military initiatives and projects in the region.
Diversity of forms of socialization in science: Russian and world experience
Authors: Omelaenko Valentina
Published: April 2023

The article reveals the main characteristics of the modern process of professional socialization of novice scientists, as it proceeds in Russia in comparison with foreign countries. It is shown that the widespread view of socialization as associated with the period of postgraduate studies and the preparation and defence of a dissertation for a degree does not correspond to modern realities in which socialization can be both early (postgraduate) and late (postdoctoral). At the same time, while in the countries of the European Union, obtaining a degree retains the role of a necessary condition for obtaining a research position in the academic environment, in Russia the share of researchers without a degree is more than 70%, and the number of decisions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia on issuing a diploma to those who defended their PhD theses steadily decreased in the period 2010–2018. During the designated period, the Russian training system went through a transformation associated with a change in the status of postgraduate studies, but instead of the desired approximation to the European system, this led to the emergence of a unique combination of features. It is shown that in European countries, the USA, China, Japan, etc., the role of the institute of socialization is gradually shifting from postgraduate studies to postdoctoral studies. In this configuration, postgraduate studies contribute to the development of professional independence, while postdoctoral studies provide a chance to realize this independence on a wider range of tasks than conducting and defending a dissertation research. At the same time, the state of the postdoctoral institute in a number of countries, for example, in Japan, demonstrates that under certain conditions it turns into a form of precarious employment, breaking the synonymy between socialization as obtaining recognition of the scientific community on the basis of professional achievements and obtaining a stable position in the social research hierarchy. The directions of minimizing the risk of failure of scientific socialization in Russian science are systematized, it is proved that they lead to an expansion of the diversity of socialization practices of a young scientist and thereby transform the transition situation itself. It acquires a prolonged and, due to this, less labor- and emotionally costly character.
Youth political leaders in contemporary Russia: biographical and psychological characteristics
Authors: Zorin Vassily
Published: April 2023

The article represents political and psychological analysis of contemporary Russian youth political leadership based on the results of an empirical study of the biographical and psychological characteristics of more than 100 young politicians. The research methodology is based on political and psychological approach that combines the analysis of biographical data and their interpretation within the concept of the "fundamental psychological triad" (a combination of affective, cognitive and behavioral factors). The empirical basis of the study is presented by in-depth interviews with youth political leaders, their answers to open-ended questions, and data obtained using the “incomplete sentences” technique. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the biographical and political-psychological characteristics of the youth leaders of modern Russia are highly normative and that there is a special category in the structure of the Russian political class, the role and potential of which can significantly increase in the near future.
Special aspects of formation of sight translation skills
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Butusova A. S.
Published: April 2023

Teaching sight translation is an integral part of translators' professional training, and it requires applying didactic measurements that increase students' motivation. The topic of didactic measurements in teaching sight translation is insufficiently developed in the contemporary international and domestic translation didactics and needs to be clarified. This paper aims to describe the didactic quantitative and qualitative measurements obtained and substantiated through applied theoretical and empirical research methods. The translation speed and evaluation of translation quality according to the scale of compliance with the norms of the target language are proposed as sight translation didactic measurements, which were identified and substantiated in the didactic experiment. The experiment involved 10 students in their fourth year of studying translation and interpretation at the Southern Federal University during the sixth and seventh semesters. The research describes relevant variables and results of the didactic experiment in sight translation training at the initial stage (4.2–4.3 printed characters per second). Translation speed was measured for translation from and into the foreign language in routine and stressful environments. Translation errors were analyzed, classified, and counted. The procedural difficulties of sight translation were observed and discussed with the students. Qualitative and quantitative measurements and their correlation in dynamics were compared. Diagnostic and boundary measurements of sight translation speed for the first year of translation training are proposed. Common and individual factors influencing the process of translation from the worksheets at the initial stage are found in the research; they include translation from or into the native language, the level of education, the speed of translation, the language pair, the stressful environment, the speed of reading, the density of the text, and the number of translation errors. It is proved that the speed and quality of translation in the course of the research grew unevenly, the speed of translation from a foreign language into Russian and the other way depends on the speed of reading in both languages.
Assessment task analysis: review of foreign approaches
Authors:   Kuban State University, Bodony M. A.
Published: April 2023

The assessment task is one of the key factors in achieving an accurate, reliable and valid assessment. The effectiveness of assessment is directly dependent on the characteristics of the task and its compliance with the requirements. The analysis of foreign theoretical sources made it possible to identify various analytical procedures used by researchers and practitioners to identify certain aspects of the assessment task. At the same time, we draw attention to the lack of their systematization. This narrows the possibilities of identifying the qualitative parameters of the assessment task, which results in a decrease in the assessment reliability. The purpose of the study is to identify approaches to the analysis of the assessment task proposed by foreign researchers and to streamline them based on the differentiation of the focus of the analysis. The study was carried out by continuous search of theoretical sources in international scientific databases of full-text publications based on thematic keywords. As a result, 18 publications were selected, which reflect different analytical procedures used to determine the quality of the assessment task as a didactic category. The study of publications allowed to identify the following approaches: integrative, authentic, didactic, cognitive, linguistic and an approach based on the theory of educational assessment. Each approach reflects specific parameters related directly to operations, activities, characteristics, etc., necessary for the effective assessment procedure. Approaches to task analysis are focused on identifying the internal parameters of the task (compliance with the requirements of real life situations; consistency with the psychological and pedagogical patterns of organizing educational activities; taking into account language characteristics in task instructions; correlation of cognitive operations necessary to complete the task with the requirements of complexity, accessibility, expediency, etc.; compliance with the requirements of valid, reliable and fair assessment activities), and its potential in the context of the educational process as a means of influencing the student and the educational process itself. The systematization of the approaches to the assessment task becomes a factor in the development of practical tools that ensure quality of the assessment task for the effective organization of the educational process.
Numerical modeling of temperature fields during friction stir welding of the AA5083 aluminum alloy
Authors:   Kaluga Branch of Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Zybin I. N. , Antokhin M. S. ,   Kaluga Branch of Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: April 2023

One of the important parameters ensuring the production of a welded joint without continuity defects during friction stir welding is the provision of the required temperature in the metal bonding zone. Significant difficulties arise when determining experimentally the temperature directly in the stir zone of metals using thermocouples. In this regard, the application of numerical methods describing the distribution of temperature fields during friction stir welding is relevant. In the work, numerical modeling of temperature fields during friction stir welding was used, which was based on the finite element method using Abaqus/Explicit software. Modeling was carried out taking into account the coupled Euler – Lagrange approach, the Johnson – Cook plasticity model, and the Coulomb friction law. Using the finite element method, the models of a part, substrate, and tool were constructed taking into account their thermophysical properties. To reduce the computation time, an approach based on the metal mass scaling by recalculating the density of the metal and its thermal properties was used. The authors matched coefficients of scaling of the material mass and heat capacity for the selected welding mode parameters. To evaluate the validity of the results of numerical modeling of temperature fields during friction stir welding, the experimental research of the temperature fields using thermocouples was carried out. The paper shows the possibility of numerical modeling of temperature fields during friction stir welding with the help of the coupled Euler – Lagrange approach and Abaqus/Explicit software. Due to the application of the approach associated with material mass scaling, the calculation time is reduced by more than 10 times.
Constructiveness of constructive journalism in a conflict-generating social-communication environment
Authors: Ivanova Olena
Published: April 2023

The article considers the potential communication possibilities of such a new media phenomenon as constructive journalism / solution journalism in relation to its impact on the level of conflict-genicity of the social-communication space. the prospects of constructive journalism / solution journalism in overcoming the competition of classical journalism with social media and overcoming the crisis of traditional journalism are also analyzed.
Reflections on the potential of traditional journalism in the aspect of reducing the level of conflict-genicity of the social and communication environment in the article unfold against the background of ideas about the receptive requests of the modern media audience for quality, verified, exclusive and useful information and appear to be justified and relevant in the context of the analysis of the communication potential of constructive journalism / solution journalism as a new media phenomenon.
Constructive journalism / solution journalism is a new trend in the field of journalism, which is characterized by several fundamental features that give grounds for asserting that it is able to provide a new impetus to overcome competition with non-professional journalism and help professional media activity to get out of the crisis in which it found itself and satisfy the above-described audience requests. 1. Constructive journalism is a “revision” of journalistic intentions and opportunities for communicating with the media audience and restoring social dialogue. 2. Constructive journalism is a new approach to journalism. 3. Constructive journalism is a new journalistic proposal regarding the communicator in the process of mass communication. 4. Constructive journalism is an effective competition of professional mass media activity with the information activity of social media.
Constructive journalism / solution journalism can be implemented in the form of separate materials in traditional mass media, separate sections in traditional mass media with the appropriate name, and also as separate media projects.
Constructive journalism / solution journalism is able to reduce the conflict-genicity of the social communication environment because it has the potential and prospects to make the position of the media audience more adequate, reducing the level of its emotional instability and expanding the field of perceived and adequately seen phenomena, processes, issues of the current socio-cultural life.
In the variant of constructive journalism, professional mass media activity can show, explain, explain the position of the “other”, so that it becomes less distant, less unacceptable, more tolerated where there is a prospect of avoiding collision and confrontation.
Reducing the level of conflict-genicity of the social-communication space should become a special communication intention, which fits constructive journalism in particular.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Bis-Substituted İsovanillin Derivatives
Authors: TEKİN Zehra , TEKELİ Yener , KÜÇÜKBAY Zehra , LOLAK Nebih , YAPAR Gönül , AKOCAK Süleyman
Published: April 2023

Herein, a series of twelve bis-hydrazone substituted isovanilline derivatives 3(a-l), were freshly re-synthesized by the reaction of bis-aldehydes with substituted hydrazide derivatives since these compounds previously showed potent aldose reductase inhibition properties. The obtained compounds were tested for their potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities. In the present study, four different bacterial strains were used, including Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10231, Escherichia coli ATCC 25912). On the other hand, the antioxidant capacities of freshly re-synthesized bis-hydrazone substituted isovanilline derivatives were determined by using several antioxidant methods, including DPPH free radical scanvenging, TEAC cupric reducing (CUPRAC) and metal chelating activity methods. Several lead molecules were discovered as a potential bacterial inhibitors against S. aureus and E. coli bacterial strains. More specifically, compounds 3g (R=-H) and 3j (R= -4Cl) showed great inhibition properties against E. coli bacterial strains by having MIC values of 1.56 and 6.25 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, none of the compounds showed potent antioxidant activity against tested methods with respect to compared standards.
Glyphosate treatment mediates the accumulation of small discrete 5′ and 3′-terminal fragments of 18S rRNA in plant cells
Authors: Zhigailov A. V. , Nizkorodova A. S. , Sharipov K. O. , Polimbetova N. S. , Iskakov B. K.
Published: April 2023

Under many kinds of stress, eukaryotic cells rapidly decrease the overall translation level of the majority of mRNAs. However, some molecular mechanisms of protein synthesis inhibition like phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which are known to be functional in animals and yeast, are not implemented in plants. We suggest that there is an alternative mechanism for the inhibition of protein synthesis in plant cells and possibly, in other eukaryotes, which is based on the discrete fragmentation of 18S rRNA molecules within small ribosomal subunits. We identified four stressinduced small RNAs, which are 5’and 3’-terminal fragments of 18S rRNA. In the present work, we studied the induction of 18S rRNA discrete fragmentation and phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) in germinated wheat embryos in the presence of glyphosate, which imitates the condition of amino acid starvation. Using northern and western blotting, we have shown that stress-induced 18S rRNA fragments started to accumulate in wheat embryos at glyphosate concentrations that did not evoke eIF2α phosphorylation. It was also found that cleavage of 18S rRNA near the 5’-terminus began much earlier than eIF2α phosphorylation, which became noticeable only at higher concentration (500 μM) of glyphosate. This result suggests that discrete fragmentation of 18S rRNA may constitute a regulatory mechanism of mRNA translation in response to stress and may occur in plant cells in parallel with and independently of eIF2α phosphorylation. The identified small 5’and 3’-terminal fragments of 18S rRNA that accumulate during various stresses may serve as stress resistance markers in the breeding of economically important plant crops.
Control of meiotic crossing over in plant breeding
Authors: Strelnikova S. R. , Komakhin R. A.
Published: April 2023

Meiotic crossing over is the main mechanism for constructing a new allelic composition of individual chromosomes and is necessary for the proper distribution of homologous chromosomes between gametes. The parameters of meiotic crossing over that have developed in the course of evolution are determined by natural selection and do not fully suit the tasks of selective breeding research. This review summarizes the results of experimental studies aimed at increasing the frequency of crossovers and redistributing their positions along chromosomes using genetic manipulations at different stages of meiotic recombination. The consequences of inactivation and/or overexpression of the SPO11 genes, the products of which generate meiotic double-strand breaks in DNA, for the redistribution of crossover positions in the genome of various organisms are discussed. The results of studies concerning the effect of inactivation or overexpression of genes encoding RecA-like recombinases on meiotic crossing over, including those in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and its interspecific hybrids, are summarized. The consequences of inactivation of key genes of the mismatch repair system are discussed. Their suppression made it possible to significantly increase the frequency of meiotic recombination between homeologues in the interspecific hybrid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae × S. paradoxus and between homologues in arabidopsis plants (Arabidopsis thaliana L.). Also discussed are attempts to extrapolate these results to other plant species, in which a decrease in reproductive properties and microsatellite instability in the genome have been noted. The most significant results on the meiotic recombination frequency increase upon inactivation of the FANCM, TOP3α, RECQ4, FIGL1 crossover repressor genes and upon overexpression of the HEI10 crossover enhancer gene are separately described. In some experiments, the increase of meiotic recombination frequency by almost an order of magnitude and partial redistribution of the crossover positions along chromosomes were achieved in arabidopsis while fully preserving fecundity. Similar results have been obtained for some crops.
The use of the primary structure of the ITS1–ITS2 region for species identification in some submerged aquatic macrophytes of the genus Stuckenia
Authors: Mglinets A. V. , Kosterin О. E.
Published: April 2023

Applicability of ITS1–ITS2 primary structure for species attribution of representatives of the genus Stuckenia was experimentally tested. Analysis of the ITS1–ITS2 region sequences of S. vaginata and S. pectinata from public databases showed that they differed by insertions/deletions and single or double nucleotide substitutions. Besides, the ITS1–ITS2 region of S. pectinata was shown to be represented by two haplotype groups designated as S. pectinata type A and S. pectinata type B with good bootstrap support in phylogenetic reconstructions. In 28 samples identified as S. pectinata, S. vaginata, S. macrocarpa and S. chakassiensis on the basis of morphology, the ITS1–ITS2 region was sequenced in this study. Three groups of samples with good bootstrap support were revealed to be corresponding to S. vaginata, S. pectinata type A and S. pectinata type B. The S. vaginata group was formed by the samples identified on the basis of morphology as S. vaginata, and the S. pectinata type A group was formed by the samples identified on the basis of morphology as S. pectinata. The S. pectinata type B group was further divided into two subgroups, S. pectinata type B subgroup and S. chakassiensis subgroup. The S. chakassiensis subgroup included mainly the samples identified as such on the basis of morphology. The S. pectinata type B subgroup included samples identified on the basis of morphology as S. pectinata, S. vaginata and S. macrocarpa. We suppose that these samples were S. pectinata type B, S. macrocarpa and their hybrids.
A genogeographic study of the Kyrgyz mountain merino via microsatellite markers
Authors: Bekturov A. В. , Isakova Zh. T. , Kipen V. N. , Chortonbaev T. Dzh. , Mukeeva S. B. , Osmonaliev S. K. , Aitbaev К. A.
Published: April 2023

The aim was to ascertain the genetic and geographical structure of the Kyrgyz mountain merino (KMM). We analyzed DNA samples of 109 Kyrgyz mountain merino specimens, bred in three state breeding factories (STB), including“Orgochor” in the Issykul Province,“Katta-Taldyk” in the Osh Province and STb named after Luschikhin in the Talas Province. We identified 126 alleles in 12 microsatellite markers (McM042, INRA006, McM527, ETH152, CSRD247, OarFCB20, INRA172, INRA063, MAF065, MAF214, INRA005, INRA023). There were 6 to 16 alleles in each locus (mean 10.500 ± 0.957 alleles per locus). We identified 67 rare alleles (prevalence less than 5.0 %), which made up 53.2 % of all alleles found. The greatest number of rare alleles was found in STR-markers of CSRD247, INRA023, INRA005, INRA006, MAF214 and OarFCB20. For each group, there were individual differences in the distribution of allele frequencies across all the STR loci studied. The most significant of them were as follows: with regard to the McM042 locus, allele 87 was major in the TALAS and OSH groups (35.6 and 45.7 %, respectively), whereas allele 95 was major in the ISSYK-KUL group (36.2 %); allele 154 was major in all groups with regard to the INRA172 locus, but it was 1.25 times less prevalent in the ISSYK-KUL and 1.66 times less prevalent in the OSH groups compared to TALAS (55.2 and 41.4 %, respectively), whereas alleles 156 and 158 were found only in the ISSYK-KUL group. Considering the ETH152 locus, 186 allele prevalence in the TALAS group was 51.1 %, but allele 190 was also markedly prevalent in the ISSYK-KUL and OSH groups, 34.5 and 34.3 %, respectively. The genetic division of the studied groups of KMM (with K from 3 to 10) was homogeneous – the contribution of each subcluster was equivalent. The AMOVA analysis revealed that the groups are located equidistantly. To conclude, the genetic diversity of the Kyrgyz mountain merino in three state breeding factories of the Kyrgyz Republic was high and comparable with each other.
Cardiac troponin I in a representative sample of the Kyrgyz Republic population: distribution, ethnic differences, and association with risk factors
Authors: Kontsevaya А. V. , Polupanov A. G. , Mukaneeva D. K. , Kutsenko V. A. , Yarovaya E. B. , Duishenalieva M. T. , Belinova A. V. , Mamasaidov Zh. A. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: April 2023

Objective. To assess the distribution of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in a sample of the Kyrgyz Republic population, to study its associations with risk factors and to identify the possible ethnic differences. Design and methods. This observational cross-sectional study includes a representative sample of the Kyrgyz Republic population aged 20–64 years (n = 1256). The analysis of cTnI levels in the population and associations of cTnI levels with socio-demographic parameters (sex, age, education, etc.), risk factors (smoking, obesity, hypertension, etc.), blood biochemical parameters (triglycerides, lipid profile, glucose) and an anamnesis of cardiovascular diseases and total cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE scale. The statistical significance level was considered equal to 0,05. Results. The median cTnI level in the Kyrgyz sample was 0,90 pg/ml [0,40; 1,80]. The 99th percentile for the entire sample was 21,4 pg/ml in men and 12,2 pg/ml in women. The median cTnI in the Slavs sample was 1,40 pg/ml [0,60; 2,20]. The 99th percentile for the entire sample was 21,2 pg/ml in men and 25,2 pg/ml in women. The cTnI level log increases significantly with age in both men and women. At the age of 20-30 years, the cTnI level in men is higher than in women in both ethnic groups. However, with age, the increase rate of cTnI in women is higher than in men in both ethnic groups. In a multivariate analysis, significant associations of cTnI levels with sex, age, hypertension, stroke, blood levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were obtained. Insufficient accuracy of classification of study participants by SCORE risk was revealed. Conclusions. cTnI is a potential strong biomarker that complements traditional risk scales and is applicable in the framework of cardiovascular diseases primary prevention strategies, which was confirmed in this study on the Kyrgyz Republic population.
Successful combined treatment of a giant aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery manifesting by brain stem compression
Authors: Goroshchenko S. А. , Bobinov V. V. , Mamonov N. A. , Kolomin E. G. , Tastanbekov M. M. , Samochernykh K. A. , Petrov A. E. , Rozhchenko L. V.
Published: April 2023

Giant aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar basin manifesting as brain stem compression are a rare pathology with an incidence ranging from 3 to 13,5 %. Surgery of such aneurysms is often associated with unsatisfactory treatment results due to the high traumatic nature of direct surgery on aneurysms of this region, as well as the close proximity of vital brain structures. Surgical intervention is also hampered by the large volume of the aneurysm, possible presence of thrombus in the sac, frequent absence of the neck, location in the anatomically difficult region, and small volume of the posterior cranial fossa (PCF). The above factors make it difficult to clip the aneurysm and increase the risk of perioperative complications. Endovascular intervention is a method of choice in most cases allowing to switch an aneurysm off the blood flow, however in the presence of mass effect aneurysm occlusion does not always achieve a clinical effect due to the preservation of brain stem compression. The aim of this publication was to demonstrate the possibility of successful combined surgical treatment of a giant aneurysm located in the PCF and accompanied by brain stem compression.
Genetic approaches in the choice of therapy for hypertension in the population of Mountain Shoria
Authors: Mulerova T. А. , Morozova N. I. , Bazdyrev E. D. , Gaziev T. F. , Indukaeva E. V. , Tsygankova D. P. , Nakhratova O. V.
Published: April 2023

Objective. To determine the prognostic role of the polymorphism of candidate genes for hypertension (HTN) in the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy in the population of Mountain Shoria, taking into account the ethnic factor. Design and methods. The material for the study was the population of indigenous (Shors) and nonindigenous inhabitants of Mountain Shoria. In the first stage of the study (2013–2017), 901 indigenous people and 508 non-indigenous people were included in the continuous method. A group of patients with HTN was identified — 367 (40,7 %) shors and 230 (45,3 %) representatives of non-indigenous ethnic group. The second stage of the study involved 525 patients with HTN (317 shors, 208 non-indigenous representatives). According to the recommendations of National Guidelines of the Russian Society of Cardiology/the Russian Medical Society on Arterial Hypertension (2010), antihypertensive therapy was prescribed by a cardiologist. A re-examination of patients with HTN included in the prospective stage of the study was carried out after a month, 3 months and 6 months by a paramedic of the local feldsher-obstetric center and after 12 months by a cardiologist. Gene polymorphism ACE (I/D, rs 4340), AGT (c. 803T > C, rs699), AGTR 1 (А1166С, rs5186), ADRB 1 (с. 145A > G, Ser49Gly, rs1801252), ADRA2B (I/D, rs28365031), MTHFR (c. 677C > T, Ala222Val, rs1801133) and NOS 3 (VNTR, 4b/4a) were tested using polymerase chain reaction. Results. In the Shors cohort, the minor allele D of the ACE gene and the favorable allele A of the AGTR 1 gene were associated with a significant decrease in blood pressure (BP) with the 2-component therapy for HTN using blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) with a diuretic (odds ratio (OR) = 5,01 and OR = 6,28). The carriage of the mutant allele D of the ACE gene in subjects with the 3-component therapy (RAAS blocker, calcium channel blocker (CCB), diuretic) also determined the achievement of the target BP level (OR = 3,11). In the cohort of non-indigenous nationality, allele A of the AGTR 1 gene was associated with positive dynamics of BP with the use of another combination therapy with a RAAS blocker and CCB (OR = 5,38). Conclusions. Taking into account the ethnicity, genetic characteristics of the patient when choosing drugs is a key point in the effectiveness of therapy in HTN patients. The possibility of using pharmacogenetics in the practice of a cardiologist opens up promising areas and has a great future.
Economics of Subsistence Farming: A Comparative Analysis of Paddy-wheat and Maize-wheat Rotation Cropping System in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: . Smriti , Basantaray A.K.
Published: April 2023

Background: Marginalisation of Indian agriculture, due to increase in marginal and small agricultural households, brings the focus back on subsistence agriculture. Among other things, understanding the economics of subsistence agriculture will go a long way in making its practice viable by making sure the help that these subsistence farmers need are provided. Therefore, the present study attempts to study the economics of paddy-wheat and maize-wheat rotation cropping system practiced by subsistence farmers of Himachal Pradesh whose agriculture sector is known for its diversification towards high value crops. Methods: The study has used survey data collected from 60 randomly selected households from Rait block of district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. 30 households practicing paddy-wheat rotating cultivation are selected from Boh and Drini village and 30 households doing Maize-Wheat rotating cultivation are from Machhlini, Panjol, Khridi, Rulede and Lahri village. The study is based on primary data which has been collected through a pre-tested schedule. Using the primary data, we have brought out factors other than self-consumption needs that determines choice between two farming systems and also two group of farmers are compared in terms of productivity, cost of cultivation and net returns from cultivation. Result: Our study found that irrigation facilities play an important role in the choice between the two cropping systems. Return from cultivation is negative for both groups of farmers if imputed value of family labour is included. Performance of paddy-wheat farmers is significantly better than maize-wheat farmers in economic terms in the study area.
Effect of Mineral Mixture Supplementation on Haemato-biochemical Parameters of Anoestrus Cows in Winter and Summer Season
Authors: Ahirwar M.K. , Singh S.K. , Singh A.K. , Rawat K. , Jain A.K. , Tandia N.
Published: April 2023

Background: livestock is mainly reared under a crop livestock integrated farming system and mineral supplementation is not common practice. Out of all nutrients, minerals and vitamins play a crucial role in metabolism, lactation, reproduction and even for microbial fermentation in rumen. Considering the mineral deficiencies in particular zones, the area specific mineral mixtures (ASMM) were formulated for various zones and also found various limiting nutrients in different zones of MP. The current study was planned to find out the effect of mineral mixture supplementation on body weight, body condition score and haemato-biochemical profile of non-descript anoestrus cows. Methods: A total-forty-eight animal were selected out of the surveyed animals and divided into four groups (n=12) viz. T1 (Normal cyclic animals), T2 (Anoestrus Control), T3 (True anoestrus) and T4 (Sub-oestrus). The experiments were carried out in two seasons (summer and winter). All physiological and hemato-biochemical parameters were recorded and analyzed as per standard mentioned protocol. Result: According to the findings of this experiment weight gain the animals of the true anoestrus and sub-oestrus group’s recorded highly significant increases in the winter and summer seasons. The haemoglobin concentration was within the normal range and it was non-significant in all groups except normal cyclic animal (T1) in winter and true anoestrous (T3) in summer after the mineral supplementation. There was no significant difference in the WBC count of all groups except in sub-oestrous control (T2S) and T1 in the winter season. RBC concentration was non-significant in almost all groups. Erythrocytic indices were the normal limits and did not differ significantly in the majority of groups except significant difference showed are MCHC in T3, MCH in T2S, MCV in T1 of winter seasons and were within normal range in all supplemented groups in both. The serum cholesterol concentration showed significantly higher value in the winter and summer season of T3 group. However, in sub-estrous (T4 group) animals, the values in the winter season were significantly higher. We observed significantly higher values of triglycerides in T3 and T4 groups in winter and T3, T4 and T1 groups in summer seasons. The above results indicate the beneficial effects of mineral mixtures in supplement groups. Studies conclude that the supplementation of mineral mixtures can improve reproductive efficiency in non-descript anoestrus cows.
Identification of SSR Markers Linked to Powdery Mildew Resistance in Table Pea (Pisum sativum var. Hortense L.)
Authors: Gupta Archi , Singh Bijendra , Kumar Mukesh , Sirohi Ujjwal , Yadav S.K. , Sharma V.R.
Published: April 2023

Background: Powdery mildew is one of the major diseases of pea which leads to severe crop losses and also affects the quality of pods and seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to screen for resistant sources and introduce the resistant gene into cultivars. So, for marker-assisted pea breeding, rapid screening of pea germplasm for powdery mildew resistance is required. Methods: A total of twenty-eight pea lines were generated using half-diallel mating design with eight pea lines (AP-3, Kashi Nandini, Arkel, VL-7, PMR-53, Kashi Uday, PC-531and AP-1). These hybrids and parental lines were screened for powdery mildew resistance phenotypically by PDI and genotypically by SSR and SCAR markers. Result: Based on screening for powdery mildew resistance, the genotypes PMR-53, Kashi Nandini, Kashi Uday, VL-7, AP-1 and hybrids Kashi Nandini x VL-7, Kashi Nandini x PMR-53, Kashi Nandini x Kashi Uday, Kashi Nandini x AP-1, VL-7 x PMR-53, VL-7 x Kashi Uday, VL-7 x AP-1, PMR-53 x Kashi Uday, PMR-53 x AP-1and Kashi Uday x AP-1 were found relatively resistant to powdery mildew disease. Two SSR markers (AD237 and AD141) showed polymorphism between resistant and susceptible lines and can be used for genetic improvement of pea germplasm.
"Prospective Study of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy among Active Military and Veterans: An Underestimated Pattern of Prevalence"
Authors: Zwerling Charles S
Published: April 2023

A prospective study for traumatic optic neuropathy has been performed to review and revise management proto col for active military personnel and veterans who have sustained either traumatic brain injury (TBI) or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI aka head concussions). A new protocol for visual field testing to include both kinetic and static testing was utilized to uncover occult cases of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) either from traumatic brain injury or from mild head concussions as well as confirm suspected cases of TBI and/or mTBI. Furthermore, we have identified that military parachute jumpers (paratroopers) represent a high-risk group for undiagnosed mild TBI and traumatic optic neuropathy. We have urged that collaboration and development of safer helmet design would help reduce and maybe prevent further TBI, mTBI, and traumatic optic neuropathy for the military personnel.
Desalinated and Brackish Water Conjunctive use in Irrigation Strengthening Adaptation and Resilience in Water-Scarce Regions Santiago Island - Cape Verde
Authors: Ângela Moreno 
Published: April 2023

The scarcity of water resources remains a global challenge. Finding alternatives to increase water availability is an imperative for adaptation and resilience in Cabo Verde. The research developed consisted in evaluating the use of desalinated, blended1 and brackish water in a light textured soil and its impacts on the productivity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) crops. The yield of tomato crop, irrigated with blended water (T2 with 2.5 dS/m), was 23.38 ton/ha; followed by irrigation with blended water (T3 with 3.5 dS/m) with a yield of 16.56 ton/ha, and irrigation with brackish water (T4 with 5.75 dS/m) whose yield was16.93 ton/ha. The lowest yield recorded (4.8 ton/ha) was with the treatment T1, irrigation with desalinated water. Regarding fruit quality, no significant variations were observed in tomato quality parameters, however, the variety Savana F1 is sensitive to apical rot. The average weight of the fruits differed according to the treatments: T1 (33.3g), T2 (39.7 g), T3 (32.4 g) and T4 (26.9 g). In terms of yield decrease (Qy) the following values were recorded: T1 (Qy =79.5%), T3 (Qy =29.2%) and T4 (Qy =27.6%) compared to the best treatment, T2 (23.38 ton/ha). The zucchini crop despite being moderately sensitive to salinity, did not adapt to the environmental conditions of the trial. The yield of sweet potato crop, irrigated with T1, was 14.6 ton/ha, followed by T2 with 11.08 ton/ha and T3 with 9.15 ton/ha. The lowest value verified (5.87 ton/ha) was with T4, brackish water. Regarding tubers quality, no significant variations were observed, but the average weight was better with the T1 treatment (199.4 g) followed by T2 (181.5g) and T3 (141.4g) and lastly T4 (126.3g). In terms of Qy, T2 (Qy =24.1%), T3 (Qy =37.3%) and T4 (Qy =60%) were the best compared to T1 (14.6 ton/ha). The results show that irrigation with blended water (desalinated and brackish) in adequate doses is a solution for increasing water availability and strengthening the resilience of agricultural systems in Cabo Verde (SID).
"Mitophagy, Ferritinophagy and Ferroptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Under High Glucose Conditions: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Retinal Diseases"
Authors: Pukhrambam Singh Lalit , Yumnamcha Thangal , S Devi Takhellambam
Published: April 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a devastating disease leading to blindness among majority of working adults around the globe. Nonetheless, an effective treatment or cure for the disease is still to be achieved. This is because the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DR are complex and not fully understood yet. In this article, we describe how high glucose induced TXNIP upregulation and associated redox stress may cause mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, ferritinophagy (iron release by autophagy) and lysosome destabilization. Labile irons react with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH) by the Fenton reaction and cause membrane phospholipid peroxidation due to reduction in glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, which cause ferroptosis, a recently identified non-apoptotic cell death mechanism. We used in this study a retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE- 19 and exposed it to high glucose in in vitro cultures to highlight some of the intricacies of these cellular processes, which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of DR and age-related retinal neurodegenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, AMD.