bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Jetty Configuration Changes on the Hydrodynamics of the Subtropical Patos Lagoon Estuary, Brazil
Authors: António Maria Helena Paulo , Fernandes Elisa H. , Muelbert Jose H
Published: November 2020

Coastal infrastructure alterations, such as jetty expansions, are designed to provide improvements to natural dredging and safety of marine access and to maximize the management and efficiency of ports. Furthermore, these alterations have the potential to cause significant environmental changes to estuaries and adjacent coastal areas. Here, the hydrodynamics of Pathos Lagoon was investigated before and after the jetty alterations, where the jetty was increased by approximately 10–18% and the mouth width was reduced by 15%. The TELEMAC-3D numerical model was calibrated and validated using the field data, and then simulated for characteristic low and high extreme discharge years for the old and new jetty configurations. Results showed a flow reduction of approximately 20% both in the ebb and flood conditions in the new configuration, which was accompanied by a slight change in the propagation angle of the western jetty current. Reduction of the saltwater intrusion was registered during both the high and low discharge conditions with the new jetty configuration. During the high discharge periods with NE winds, saltwater intrusion did not reach the previous estuarine inland boundary. During the period of low discharge with SW wind, salinity did not reach further than 180 km inland. Reduced saltwater intrusion was estimated landwards and in the shallow embayments. The horizontal stratification structure of the salinity changed, with the partial centralization of the flow in the access channel. The observed hydrodynamic changes from the infrastructure modifications could affect the estuarine ecosystem by increasing the sediment retention, reducing the transport of marine organisms and water properties into the estuary. This study contributes not only to the understanding of hydrodynamic changes but also to the potential optimization of estuarine and coastal management strategies.
Regional Parameter Estimation of the SWAT Model: Methodology and Application to River Basins in the Peruvian Pacific Drainage
Authors: Asurza-Véliz Flavio Alexander , Lavado-Casimiro Waldo Sven
Published: November 2020

This study presents a methodology for the regional parameters estimation of the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model, with the objective of estimating daily flow series in the Pacific drainage under the context of limited hydrological data availability. This methodology has been designed to obtain the model parameters from a limited number of basins (14) to finally regionalize them to basins without hydrological data based on physical-climatic characteristics. In addition, the bootstrapping method was selected to estimate the uncertainty associated with the parameters set selection in the regionalization process. In general, the regionalized parameters reduce the initial underestimation which is reflected in a better quantification of daily flows, and improve the low flows performance. Furthermore, the results show that the SWAT model correctly represents the water balance and seasonality of the hydrological cycle main components. However, the model does not correctly quantify the high flows rates during wet periods. These findings provide supporting information for studies of water balance and water management on the Peruvian Pacific drainage. The approach and methods developed can be replicated in any other region of Peru.
Study on Landscape Patches Influencing Hillslope Erosion Processes and Flow Hydrodynamics in the Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Sun Ruoxiu , Ma Li , Zhang Shouhong , Yu Yang , Shen Mingshuang , Zhang Haibo , Wang Dandan , Yang Yunbin , Zhang Jianan , Zhang Yizhou , Zhang Jianjun
Published: November 2020

Although vegetation restoration plays an important role in the management of surface runoff and soil erosion, the large-scale restoration of vegetation can increase water consumption and reduce surface water resources, thus affecting the health of river ecosystems. Therefore, vegetation restoration should aim to achieve a vegetation landscape pattern that optimizes protection of soil resources while limiting water consumption. This study established field runoff plots with different landscape patch types, including bare land, S-road patches, strip patches, grid patches, and random patches, as well as different quantities patches of 5, 10, 15, and 20. An artificial rainfall experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different vegetation patches in reducing runoff and sediment, and the relationship between the types and number of vegetation patches and hydrodynamic parameters. The results showed that the runoff yields of the four vegetation patch types decreased by 16.1–48.7% compared with that of bare land, whereas sediment yields decreased by 42.1–86.5%. In addition, the resistance coefficients of the poorly connected patch patterns, including strip patches, grid patches, and random patches, ranged between 0.2–1.17 times higher than that of the well-connected S-road patch pattern, and the stream power decreased by 33.3–50.7%. Under a set vegetation coverage rate, an increase in the number of vegetation patches resulted in a significant reduction in runoff velocity, runoff yield, and sediment yield, increases in surface roughness and flow resistance, and reductions in runoff shear force and stream power. Besides, the sensitivity of soil to erosion decreased with an increasing number of the patch in the vegetation landscape, whereas the sensitivities of patch combinations with poor connectivity were lower than those with good connectivity. The results of this study highlight the importance of vegetation patch type and quantity for control of soil erosion.
Numerical Reconstruction of Three Holocene Glacial Events in Qiangyong Valley, Southern Tibetan Plateau and Their Implication for Holocene Climate Changes
Authors: Sun Yong , Xu Xiangke , Zhang Lianqing , Liu Jinhua , Zhang Xiaolong , Li Jiule , Pan Baolin
Published: November 2020

The dating of well-preserved Holocene moraines in the Qiangyong Valley, southern Tibetan Plateau (TP), offers great potential for reconstructing Holocene glacier extents and examining climate changes in the region. Guided by Holocene moraine features, this study used Geographic Information System (GIS) model tools to reconstruct paleo-glacier surfaces and glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA) depressions for three Holocene glacial stages in the valley. The GIS-based models showed that the Qiangyong Valley contained ice volumes of 8.1 × 108, 6.2 × 108, and 4.6 × 108 m3 during the early Holocene, Neoglacial, and Little Ice Age (LIA) glacial stages, and that the ELA was decreased by ~230 ± 25, ~210 ± 25, and ~165 ± 25 m, respectively, compared to modern conditions. Furthermore, the summer temperatures were estimated to be 1.56–1.79, 1.37–1.64, and 1.29–1.32 °C cooler than present to support the three Holocene glacier extents, based on the evidence that the respective precipitation increased by 20–98, 13–109, and 0.9–11 mm relative to the present, which were derived from the lacustrine pollen data for the southern TP. By comparison, this study found that the amplitudes of the ELA-based summer temperature depressions were much larger than the pollen-based counterparts for the three glacial stages, although the two proxies both showed increasing trends in the reconstructed summer temperatures.
Probabilistic Model for Real-Time Flood Operation of a Dam Based on a Deterministic Optimization Model
Authors: Cuevas-Velásquez Víctor , Sordo-Ward Alvaro , García-Palacios Jaime H. , Bianucci Paola , Garrote Luis
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a real-time flood control model for dams with gate-controlled spillways that brings together the advantages of an optimization model based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and a case-based learning scheme using Bayesian Networks (BNets). A BNet model was designed to reproduce the causal relationship between inflows, outflows and reservoir storage. The model was trained with synthetic events generated with the use of the MILP model. The BNet model produces a probabilistic description of recommended dam outflows over a time horizon of 1 to 5 h for the Talave reservoir in Spain. The results of implementing the BNet recommendation were compared against the results obtained while applying two conventional models: the MILP model, which assumes full knowledge of the inflow hydrograph, and the Volumetric Evaluation Method (VEM), a method widely used in Spain that works in real-time, but without any knowledge of future inflows. In order to compare the results of the three methods, the global risk index (Ir) was computed for each method, based on the simulated behavior for an ensemble of hydrograph inflows. The Ir values associated to the 2 h-forecast BNet model are lower than those obtained for VEM, which suggests improvement over standard practice. In conclusion, the BNet arises as a suitable and efficient model to support dam operators for the decision making process during flood events.
Nonlinear Interactions and Some Other Aspects of Probabilistic Sea Level Projections
Authors: Hieronymus Magnus
Published: November 2020

Probabilistic sea level projections are frequently used to characterise the uncertainty in future sea level rise. Here, it is investigated how different modelling assumptions and process estimates affect such projections using two process-based models that add up the sea level contributions from different processes such as thermosteric expansion and ice sheet melt. A method is applied to estimate the direct contributions from the different processes as well as that of nonlinear interactions between the processes to the projections. In general, the nonlinear interaction terms are found to be small compared to the direct contributions from the processes, and only a few interaction terms give significant contributions to the projections. Apart from the process estimates, probabilistic models often also incorporate some expert judgements that inflate the uncertainty compared with that derived from climate and ice-sheet models, and the effects of some such judgements are also evaluated and found to have a considerable influence on the projections. Lastly, sea level projections are most often given contingent on representative concentration pathways for atmospheric greenhouse gases. Here, we generalize this approach by also providing projections for a probabilistic baseline scenario.
Structural Diversity in Early-Stage Biofilm Formation on Microplastics Depends on Environmental Medium and Polymer Properties
Authors: Ramsperger Anja F. R. M. , Stellwag Anja C. , Caspari Anja , Fery Andreas , Lueders Tillmann , Kress Holger , Löder Martin G. J. , Laforsch Christian
Published: November 2020

Plastics entering the environment can not only undergo physical degradation and fragmentation processes, but they also tend to be colonized by microorganisms. Microbial colonization and the subsequent biofilm formation on plastics can alter their palatability to organisms and result in a higher ingestion as compared to pristine plastics. To date, the early stage of biofilm formation on plastic materials has not been investigated in context of the environmental medium and polymer properties. We explored the early-stage biofilm formation on polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) after incubation in freshwater and artificial seawater and categorized the structural diversity on images obtained via scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, by the measurement of the initial ζ-potential of the plastic materials, we found that PA with the highest negative ζ-potential tended to have the highest structural diversity, followed by PET and PVC after incubation in freshwater. However, PVC with the lowest negative ζ-potential showed the highest structural diversity after incubation in seawater, indicating that the structural diversity is additionally dependent on the incubation medium. Our results give insights into how the incubation medium and polymer properties can influence the early-stage biofilm formation of just recently environmentally exposed microplastics. These differences are responsible for whether organisms may ingest microplastic particles with their food or not.
Association of non-malignant diseases with thrombocytosis: a prospective cohort study in general practice
Authors: Clarke Cansu , Hamilton Willie , Price Sarah , Bailey Sarah ER
Published: November 2020

Background

Thrombocytosis is an excess of platelets, which is diagnosed as a platelet count >400 × 109/l. An association of thrombocytosis with undiagnosed cancer has recently been established, but the association with non-malignant disease has not been studied in primary care.

Aim

To examine, in English primary care, the 1-year incidence of non-malignant diseases in patients with new thrombocytosis and the incidence of pre-existing non-malignant diseases in patients who develop new thrombocytosis.

Design and setting

Prospective cohort study using English Clinical Practice Research Datalink data from 2000 to 2013.

Method

Newly incident and pre-existing rates of non-malignant diseases associated with thrombocytosis were compared between patients with thrombocytosis and age- and sex-matched patients with a normal platelet count. Fifteen candidate non-malignant diseases were identified from literature searches.

Results

In the thrombocytosis cohort of 39 850 patients, 4579 (11.5%) were newly diagnosed with any one of the candidate diseases, compared with 443 out of 9684 patients (4.6%) in the normal platelet count cohort (relative risk [RR] 2.5, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 2.3 to 2.8); iron-deficiency anaemia was the most common new diagnosis (4.5% of patients with thrombocytosis, RR 4.9, 95% CI = 4.0 to 6.1). A total of 22 612 (57.0%) patients with thrombocytosis had a pre-existing non-malignant diagnosis compared with 4846 patients (50%) in the normal platelet count cohort (odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.4). There was no statistically significant difference in cancer diagnoses between patients with and without pre-existing disease in the thrombocytosis cohort.

Conclusion

Thrombocytosis is associated with several non-malignant diseases. Clinicians can use these findings as part of their holistic diagnostic approach to help guide further investigations and management of patients with thrombocytosis.
Look who’s talking now: Cancer in primary care on Twitter. An observational study
Authors: Milley Kristi M , Chima Sophie A , Cummings Kara-Lynne , Emery Jon D
Published: November 2020

Background

Twitter is a microblogging platform that helps share information. It is a dynamic tool that has been embraced by many user types including consumers and healthcare professionals (HCPs). Currently, there are no data on how cancer in primary care features on Twitter.

Aim

To explore the type of users and information shared about cancer in primary care on Twitter.

Design & setting

A descriptive exploratory study took place of publicly available Twitter data.

Method

Tweets were searched between July 2015 and June 2017 for ‘GP’, ‘general practice’, ‘primary care’, or ‘general practitioner’ in conjunction with ‘cancer’. A 20% random sample was coded for geographic location, user type, type of tweet, and theme. Tweet sentiment was analysed using R package sentimentr. Content that gained traction was compared by combining original tweets, retweets, favourites, and duration.

Results

There were a total of 3413 tweets from 1611 users in 44 countries. Consumers were the largest user group followed by health organisations, healthcare professionals, and the media. The most common theme across user types was diagnostic delay. Other themes that emerged included cancer screening, symptom awareness, and early diagnosis. Consumers published more negative tweets, particularly in relation to diagnostic delay. Health organisations focused on symptom awareness and screening. Over half of media tweets were stories that featured delayed diagnosis or screening.

Conclusion

A broad range of users engage with Twitter to share information about cancer in primary care. Content is different between user groups, but diagnostic delay and symptom awareness are common themes. Healthcare and professional organisations may need to consider approaches to counter negative messages about diagnostic delay.
GP decisions to participate in emergencies: a randomised vignette study
Authors: Hjortdahl Magnus , Gyrd-Hansen Dorte , Halvorsen Peder A
Published: November 2020

Background

GPs use their judgement on whether to participate in emergencies; however, little is known about how GPs make their decisions on emergency participation.

Aim

To test whether GPs' participation in emergencies is associated with cause of symptoms, distance to the patient, other patients waiting, and out-of-hours (OOH) clinic characteristics.

Design & setting

An online survey was sent to all GPs in Norway (n = 4701).

Method

GPs were randomised to vignettes describing a patient with acute shortness of breath and asked whether they would participate in a callout. The vignettes varied with respect to cause of symptoms (trauma versus illness), distance to the patient (15 minutes versus 45 minutes), and other patients waiting at the OOH clinic (crowding versus no crowding). The survey included questions about OOH clinic characteristics.

Results

Of the 1013 GPs (22%) who responded, 76% reported that they would participate. The proportion was higher in trauma (83% versus 69%, χ2 24.8, P<0.001), short distances (80% versus 71%, χ2 9.5, P=0.002), and no crowding (81% versus 70% χ2 14.6, P<0.001). Participation was associated with availability of a manned-response vehicle (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25 to 3.41), and team training at the OOH clinic once a year (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.82) or more than once a year (OR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.64 to 8.68).

Conclusion

GPs were less likely to participate in emergencies when the incident was not owing to trauma, was far away, and when other patients were waiting. A manned-response vehicle and regular team training were associated with increased participation.
Cheaper Medicines for the Better Off? A Comparison of Medicine Prices and Client Socioeconomic Status Between Chain and Independent Retail Pharmacies in Urban India
Authors: Miller Rosalind , Goodman Catherine
Published: November 2020

Background: The growth of chain pharmacies in India, and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), is challenging the status quo of pharmacy retail markets which have historically been dominated by independent pharmacies. This raises the question of whether such organisations will have a positive impact on affordability and access to medicines. Methods: This paper draws on a standardised patient (SP) survey to measure the prices of medicines and expenditure on consultations for two tracer conditions (suspected tuberculosis [TB] in an adult and diarrhoea in an absent child) at a random sample of 230 chain and independent pharmacies in Bengaluru. Asset data were collected from 808 exit interviews with pharmacy customers to determine socioeconomic profiles of clients. Results: Chain pharmacies were found to provide lower priced medicines for patients seeking care for diarrhoea and TB, with expenditure also lower for diarrhoea patients, compared to independent pharmacies. This was seemingly driven by lower prices rather than number of medicines dispensed or prescribing habits. Despite the availability of cheaper medicines, chains served wealthier clients, compared to independent pharmacies. Conclusion: The findings indicate the potential for chains to contribute to improving medicine affordability as they expand. However, any attempt to leverage this organisational model for public health good would need to take account of the current client-mix of these pharmacies and be accompanied by appropriate regulatory constraints in order to realise the potential benefits for poorer groups.
A Sector Hanging in the Balance: Early Childhood Development and Lockdown in South Africa
Authors: Wills Gabrielle , Kotzé Janeli , Kika-Mistry Jesal
Published: November 2020

New evidence suggests that over four months after the closure of early childhood development (ECD) programmes on 18 March 2020, the ECD sector was likely to be operating at less than a quarter of its pre-lockdown levels. Of the 38 percent of respondents from the new NIDS-CRAM survey reporting that children aged 0-6 in their households had attended ECD programmes before the lockdown in March, only 12 percent indicated that children had returned to these programmes by mid-July, well after programmes were allowed to reopen. Using these findings, we estimate that just 13 percent of children aged 0-6 were attending ECD programmes by mid-July to mid-August compared to 47 percent in 2018. The last time that ECD attendance rates were as low as this was in the early 2000s. At this point it is not yet clear what proportion of these declines are only temporary, or whether there will be a lasting impact on ECD enrolment in the country. This dramatic contraction in the ECD sector relates to prohibitive costs to reopening ‘safely’ imposed by the regulatory environment, coupled with shocks to the demand side for ECD programmes (both in terms of reduced household incomes and parent fears of children contracting COVID-19). When viewed from a broader socio-economic lens, the threat of ECD programme closures across the nation will have impacts beyond ECD operators to the lives of millions of children, millions of households and millions of adults who rely on these ECD services. A swift intervention by government is necessary to save this important sector and limit the ripple effect of programme closures on multiple layers of society.
DESTRUTIVIDADE DO CAPITAL INTERNACIONAL E A INFLUÊNCIA HISTÓRICA DO DIREITO NA PERPETUAÇÃO DA (IN)SUSTENTABILIDADE DO MEIO RURAL NACIONAL
Authors: Maniglia Elisabete , Verrone Amanda Dias
Published: November 2020

: O modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável que deveria expressar-se por meio de uma relação racional, dialética e emancipatória entre indivíduos e meio ambiente, vem sendo utilizado como instrumento a serviço do grande capital e mostrando-se verdadeiro falseador das contradições intrínsecas ao modo de produção capitalista. Assim, o presente trabalho propõe a investigação estrutural acerca da possibilidade do desenvolvimento sustentável do meio rural nacional considerando o atual cenário político, social, ambiental e econômico aliado aos interesses internacionais e demonstrar, portanto, de que maneira a lógica do capital estrangeiro, na realidade, torna as diversas dimensões de existência do campo brasileiro (in)sustentáveis.
Estado e poder político no jovem Gramsci
Authors: Machado Marília Gabriella Borges
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho pretende esboçar as concepções de Antonio Gramsci sobre Estado, poder político e classes sociais nos escritos pré-carcerários do autor sardo, compreendendo o que é filosofia da práxis na obra gramsciana.
Estados Unidos, Europa e África: a influência exógenacomo causa da primeira guerra civil liberiana
Authors: Fraquetto Juliana de Moura
Published: November 2020

Este artigo se propõe a explorar a história da Libéria, desde seu surgimento até sua Primeira Guerra Civil, ocorrida durante a década de1990, visando discutir a influência dos Estados Unidos, dos países da Europa e dos países da África em relação aos principais problemas políticos liberianos. Além disso, apresenta, a partir de uma abordagem sistêmica e por meio de uma breve retomada histórica, os fatores que contribuíram para a instabilidade política liberiana, como grupos armados que agiram internamente e o próprio Estado liberiano. Assim, do ponto de vista metodológico, o presente artigo visa utilizar-se da pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica para construir um estudo de caso que permita a compreensão da interferência exógena na Libéria como causa de sua Primeira Guerra Civil, como foi o caso das intervenções imperialistas após a Conferência de Berlim, do fornecimento de equipamentos bélicos por parte de países africanos e do estabelecimento de operações de paz promovidas tanto pela Comunidade Econômica dos Estados da África Ocidental (CEDEAO) como pela Organização dos Estados Unidos (ONU). Como resultado, este trabalho conclui que os fatores exógenos, ao se juntarem aos fatores endógenos, tornaram aguerra civilmais densa e complexa, à medida que perpetuaramdificuldades políticas, sociais e econômicas enfrentadas até hoje pela Libéria.
A proteção aos Agentes Humanitários Internacionais: o caso do Sudão do Sul
Authors: Campos Ligia Maria Caldeira Leite de
Published: November 2020

Este artigo aborda o tema da proteção dada aos agentes humanitários internacionais que se encontram em zonas de conflito, atuando em Organizações Não-Governamentais (ONGs) ou Organizações Internacionais (OIs), uma vez que eles são constantemente alvos de ataques pelas partes conflitantes. Por meio de um estudo de caso e uma pesquisa documental, histórica e bibliográfica, objetiva-se entender qual a relevância da assistência humanitária para os civis nesses locais e o quão problemáticas são as ações cometidas contra esses servidores que ali estão para prover ao menos o mínimo necessário para a sobrevivência da população. Utiliza-se o caso do Sudão do Sul que está vivenciando um intenso conflito e em que dados apresentam índices alarmantes sobre as necessidades de sua população, mas onde, ainda assim, os agentes humanitários acabam sendo atacados ao realizarem seu trabalho. A partir desse caso, demonstram-se os problemas acarretados pela falta de proteção e segurança para os servidores humanitários, o que também afeta a população civil.
Apresentação
Authors: Vieira Rosângela de Lima
Published: November 2020

Com satisfação apresento esse dossiê sobre a “África, e as relações Brasil e África”, fruto de um trabalho compartilhado na disciplina.

Embora a lei 10.639 de 2003 tenha tornado obrigatórios os conteúdos de história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana, os entusiastas crêem no efeito multiplicador num processo de mudança na formação dos professores e profissionais em geral.  O currículo escolar não pode retratar somente a cultura europeia, num país em que 45% da sua população é formada por afrodescendentes.

Nosso interesse em relação à África vem se ampliando ao longo do tempo, na própria experiência acadêmica. Organizamos a Semana Acadêmica Africana em dois anos consecutivos (2016 e 2017); o evento que busca ampliar conhecimentos e proporcionar análises conjunturais sobre o Continente, as relações Brasil e países africanos, e a população brasileira afro-descendente.
A anulação dos Africanos escravizados como sujeito histórico-identitário Brasileiro
Authors: Ribeiro Gabriela de Abreu
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo tem por intento forjar uma elucidação teórica quanto à formação da identidade brasileira. Considerando a invisibilidade dos africanos trazidos como escravos, enquanto sujeito político e histórico ativos na formação da identidade nacional e coletiva brasileira. Sendo o Brasil um país mestiço, composto por indígenas, ibero-americanos e africanos, o desenvolvimento da identidade nacional significa a apreensão, principalmente pela intelectualidade dominante brasileira, de uma historiografia propriamente nacional. Deste modo, pensar nos brasileiros enquanto povo é pensar naqueles povos que os compuseram, visualizando tais componentes para além de uma abordagem geo-histórica, sob a noção de gênese formativa. Buscando superar os perfis formativos forjados pela historiografia tradicional quanto à "descoberta" (sic) do Novo Mundo pelos portugueses. Sendo assim, pode-se afirmar que na historiografia tradicional, a participação dos africanos trazidos como escravos não é elemento considerado como constitutivo importante para a formação nacional, visto que o aspecto dos portugueses enquanto fundante para desanuviar o Novo Mundo é priorizado na história do Brasil. A expansão marítima portuguesa passa pela África décadas antes da chegada à baía brasileira, a escravidão, portanto, já iniciara antes da América, sendo o processo colonizador, um elemento intensificador. Sendo importante, também, suscitar o aspecto ideológico da transposição da mão-de-obra indígena para a mão-de-obra africana para composição da identidade coletiva brasileira.
Monuments, civil war and local communities : Archaeological Heritage in the Duhok Region (Kurdistan Region of Iraq). Part 3
Authors: Spät Eszter
Published: November 2020

This third and final part in a series of articles on the archaeological heritage of the Duhok Region of Iraqi Kurdistan will look at the heritage and its role in the life of local society from the aspect of destruction left by the Saddam regime. The decades of Saddam’s rule left an indelible mark on the social and cultural map of Northern Iraq, especially on the Kurdistan Region. His attempts at collectivization, sometimes in the name of modernization, sometimes as a punitive military measure against the local population, redrew the settlement pattern of the region, changed the traditional economic and social structure and destroyed much of the built heritage. Some of this were historical monuments like the medieval monastery of Seje described below. Others, like village mosques, churches, local shrines, graves of saints, even houses where generations grew up, were of importance “only” for the local communities. These buildings were not discussed by scholarly studies, and they mainly remained unrecognized by academic research. However, their annihilation represented a rupture in the cultural fabric of the region, a loss keenly felt to this day. This is the case of the old Yezidi village of Khanke and the shrine of Bayazid.
Zoonotic importance of Giardia spp. infections in asymptomatic dogs
Authors: BİLGİÇ Bengü , BAYRAKAL Alper , DOKUZEYLÜL Banu , DODURKA Hazım Tamer , OR Erman
Published: November 2020

Giardia intestinalis (G. lamblia, G. duodenalis) is a common protozoan in human and other mammals worldwide causing diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss and dehydration. The major infection occurs via directly faecal-oral route or indirectly contaminated food and water consumption. Dogs can carry the zoonotic genotypes of Giardia without any clinical signs and contaminate the environment. Asymptomatic carrier dogs living in the same environment with humans, food and water contaminated with these dogs' faeces can be a source of infection for humans. The aim of this review is to emphasize the asymptomatic course of Giardia spp. infections in dogs and to evaluate the effects of asymptomatic carriage on human health and the environment.
ENDOGENOUS GROWTH MODEL WITH HUMAN CAPITAL ON THE CIRCLE
Authors: Королев А.В.
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматривается модель эндогенного роста с человеческим капи-талом на простой пространственной структуре (окружности). Особое вни-мание уделено специальному случаю - комбинации параметров, при кото-рой удаётся получить решение задачи центрального планировщика на окружности в явном виде, что другим авторам не удавалось.

In this article the endogenous growth model with human capital on the simple spatial structure (the circle) is considered. We pay main attention to a special case of a combination of parameters for which we were able to solve the central plan-ner problem on the circle in an explicit form, which other authors did not suc-ceed to do.
Educación geográfica: resultados y experiencias sobre la pesquisa documental
Authors: Arévalo Suárez Katherine Dayanna , Sánchez Sánchez Daisy Carolina , Rodríguez Pizzinato Liliana Angélica
Published: November 2020

El artículo presenta el resultado parcial de una investigación documental que toma aportes del Proyecto de Difusión del programa de Geografía y acompañamiento a colegios 2016-2022 – Diagnóstico y propuesta de formación en Geografía para la educación básica y media de la Universidad Externado de Colombia y del Ciclo de innovación de la Licenciatura en Educación Básica con Énfasis en Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (Bogotá, Colombia), en el marco de la línea de investigación Educación geográfica, formación docente y ciudadana. Se aborda la relación entre educación y geografía para construir un estado de conocimiento particular en la indagación de la categoría de educación geográfica, con la intención de identificar desarrollos conceptuales, pedagógicos y metodológicos sobre la alfabetización espacial de escolares o ciudadanos y presentar los ejes analíticos reconocidos desde la pesquisa documental realizada. Además, este proceso vincula un ejercicio formativo de ingreso para nuevos miembros al Semillero de Investigación Formación y Educación Geográfica Itinerantes, con un trabajo diseñado por el mismo denominado Esquema de acompañamiento uno a uno, caracterizado por un ejercicio tutorial focalizado por parte de los miembros de base del semillero, en el cual además de aportar sus experiencias y saberes, aprenden a orientar un proceso y producir conocimiento en este caso sobre la relación entre geografía y educación. La actividad mencionada se asume como una parte importante en el fortalecimiento de habilidades, destrezas y competencias pedagógicas de los futuros docentes en ciencias sociales. Por otra parte, el artículo presenta algunas de las tendencias identificadas a nivel teórico y procedimental sobre las discusiones actuales frente a la educación geográfica, utilizando como metodología la estrategia de mapeamiento informacional bibliográfico con la elaboración de matrices de resumen y contenido para el registro y tematización de las fuentes consultadas. Así mismo, estos resultados permiten establecer semejanzas y diferencias en la revisión realizada en los dos proyectos; reconocer lo que se ha dicho frente a la categoría de educación geográfica y reflexionar la experiencia del proceso vivido como docentes en formación, sujetos y ciudadanos.
Polerade fasader och kontroversiella kulisser
Authors: Lillbroända-Annala Sanna
Published: November 2020

Inga abstrakt i detta nummer
Konsumtionskultur: Innebörder och praktiker
Authors: Peker Gurbet
Published: November 2020

Recension av Johansson, Barbro, Peterson McIntyre, Magdalena & Sörum, Niklas (red.) 2019. Konsumtionskultur: Innebörder och praktiker. En vänbok till Helene Brembeck. Göteborg/Stockholm: Makadam.
Profiling of Airbnb's activities in Ecuador's main
cities
Authors: Astudillo Silvana , Serrano Ana , López Diana , Pasaco González Barbara Sofía
Published: November 2020

Airbnb in Ecuador is a
platform offering since 2008 a new lodging concept that best can be described
as a sharing economy model through the rental of private rooms and
apartments. The article provides an overview of Airbnb’s activities in Ecuador,
more in particular in 22 cities, respectively the capitals of 22 provinces,
using the 16 metrics available on the platform of AirDNA. Factor analysis was
applied to reduce the number of variables to three main surrogate variables
(lodging typology, prices and rates, market metrics) that characterizes Airbnb
and retains the original factor variability. Additionally, based on the
occupation frequency of Airbnb’s rental places the cluster analysis permitted
to group the cities in which Airbnb is active on the basis of the following
indicators: amazon destinations, traditions, sun and beach, nature culture and
events, and the country’s capital. The research provided a clear image of
Airbnb’s approach and impact on the formal accommodation sector, which
ultimately will enable the sector to come up with innovative products to
compete more efficiently Airbnb’s market range.
Investigating
the intersection between sustainable tourism and community-based tourism
Authors: Giampiccoli Andrea , Mtapuri Oliver , Dłużewska Anna
Published: November 2020

This
paper interrogates the intersection between sustainable tourism and
community-based tourism (CBT). It is a conceptual paper that unpacks the
conceptualization of tourism and traces the emergence of sustainable tourism as
one of the responses to conventional/mass tourism. The history of conventional
tourism shows that, like any form of tourism, it has both positive and negative
impacts on destinations. It is against this backdrop that CBT emerged. To
achieve its aim, this article examined the main principles and attributes of
CBT in CBT manuals and handbooks, focusing on two key concepts - sustainability
and the environment. This examination revealed a significant mismatch in the
conception of sustainability, while it is a fundamental requirement in tourism
to tackle its negative environmental impacts. Environmental sustainability is
considered more implicit in CBT, while it is often less regarded in conventional/mass
tourism. We argue that the sustainability of tourism should be an intrinsic and
universal principle of all forms of tourism that governments should enforce.
The fact that conventional tourism produces most of the environmental damage,
it is for this reason that it should elevate its role to become a solid promoter
of sustainable measures for environmentally-friendly and
sustainability-friendly practices instead.
History of the Russian state and law: textbook
Authors:   Moscow University for Industry and Finance «Synergy», Dolgikh Fedor I.
Published: November 2020

The textbook considers the process of evolution of the national state and law from the moment of The ancient Russia emergence to the present day. In addition to the theoretical material, the textbook contains excerpts from sources, as well as practical tasks, which contributes to the development of professional skills in working with legal acts. For students and teachers of law faculties, the course is also useful for anyone interested in the history of state and law in Russia.
THE EFFECT OF STATEGIC MANAGEMENT ON MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE WITH STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION AS A MODERATING VARIABLES (EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE PULO GADUNG INDUSTRIAL AREA, JAKARTA)
Authors: Apollo Apollo
Published: November 2020

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the influence of external factors, internal factors, strategic planning, strategic implementation on managerial performance. The research unit is 66 respondents on Banking in Jakarta. Methods of analysis tools using path analysis or a combination of correlation and regression to determine the effect of partially or simultaneously. This study was conducted with two models:  1st Model:  Influence of External Factors (X1),  Internal Factors (X2),  Strategic Planning (X3), and the Strategic Implementation (M) on Managerial Performance (Y) either partially or simultaneously among others:  partially:  the influence of external factors (X1) on managerial performance (Y) of  75.8 % significantly by 0,011,  or 11 %, the effect of internal factors (X2) on managerial performance (Y) equal to 61.8 % of non significant ; influence planning strategic (X3) on managerial performance (Y) equal to 74.2 % of non significant ; influence the strategic implementation (M) on managerial performance (Y) by 5 % non- significant . Simultaneously: the influence of external factors (X1), internal factors (X2), strategic planning (X3), and strategic implementation (M) on managerial performance (Y) by a significant 60.2 %. 2nd Model:  Influence of External Factors (X1),  Internal Factors (X2),  and Strategic Planning (X3),  the Managerial Performance (Y) with Strategic Implementation (M) as a moderating variable either partially or simultaneously among others:  The results of this study have consistency with the entire framework,  literature review,  and previous studies . The suggestion for the study:  (a) for the development of advanced management accounting research is needed outside the model,  such other factors which  managerial performance (b) to formulate clear policies and management needs to be more concrete criteria above considerations external factors, internal factors,  strategic planning,  and implementing strategies to improve the performance of managerial
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE AND GLOBAL INDEX IN FIVE COUNTRIES AGAINST CSPI
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to determine the correlation between Exchange Rate and Global Index on Composite Stock Price Index in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2019 partially and simultaneously. Exchange Rate and Global Index is proxied by five countries namely Hong Kong, Japan, USA, Singapore, and China. The data used is secondary data obtained through the Official Website of Bank Indonesia for variable Exchange Rate, Official Website Yahoo Finance and Official Website Investing.com for variable Global Index. The methods of data analysis used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the HKD, JPY, USD, SGD, CNY, and STI partially insignificant on CSPI, as well as HSI and DJIA partially positive effect significant on CSPI, while N225 and SSEC partially negative effect significant on CSPI. Simultaneously, all the variables have a significant effect by influencing by 93.9% while the remaining 6.1% is explained by other variables not examined in this study.
A rendészeti igazgatás egyes aspektusai a különleges jogrendben
Authors: Merkl Zoltán
Published: November 2020

One of the main tasks of the state is to guarantee the external and internal security. The paper focuses on the special administration under special legal order. Some law enforcement agencies and public administration organs are presented and further how defence and administrative activities appear in connection with policing during this time.
A fotogrammetria kriminalisztikai célú alkalmazása: helyszínek, holttestek, tárgyak rekonstrukciója három dimenzióban
Authors: Metzger Máté , Újvári Zsolt , Gárdonyi Gergely
Published: November 2020

Photogrammetry – which is a technology that enables the three-dimensional reconstruction of objects based on photographs – is increasingly mentioned in the literature as a feasible alternative to 3D laser scanning. The technique, which does not require any special equipment and can be applied by crime scene investigators, is suitable for the forensic three-dimensional retention of crime scenes, human corpses and certain objects. The 3D models can be used by law enforcement, the court and even by forensic experts to contemplate the reconstructed objects. In the future, this technique could be used for educational purposes, for capturing 3D mugshots, or even for conducting local interrogations or carrying out other investigative actions. With regard to the Hungarian legal framework and the upcoming European legal standards, there are no foreseeable barriers to the practical application of photogrammetric imaging procedures. In order to establish the appropriate methodological guidelines of this technique further researches are required.
Az árnövelő adójogi intézkedések eredményessége a 13–15 éves fiatalok dohányzási szokásainak változása tükrében Magyarországon
Authors: Erdős Ákos
Published: November 2020

In some opinions, taxation is one of the most effective and cost-efficient interventions to reduce tobacco consumption. Objective: This study empirically tests the effects of price increasing taxation on the changes in smoking behaviour of 13-15-year-old juveniles in Hungary. Data: The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) were used to obtain data on the smoking behaviour of 29535 juveniles between 2002 and 2016. Design: From 2002 to 2016, the changes in price of tobacco products and smoking behaviour of 13-15-year-old juveniles were compared to each other. I have drawn conclusions about the possible effects of price increasing on the changes in smoking behaviour. Results: In one hand, it seems conceivable that cigarette price is an important determination of smoking initiation. However, it could not be clearly verified in this study. On the other hand, it seems to be proven that only the increase of taxes and cigarette prices are not able to reduce the proportion of daily and regularly (e.g. weekly) smoking juveniles in Hungary.
INTERNAL FACTORS THAT STIMULATE THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF COMPANIES IN PERU’S JEWELLERY SECTOR
Authors: Jara Jhanira , Roman Paola , Surichaqui Roxy , Vicente-Ramos Wagner
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this research is to make known the internal factors that stimulate the internationalization of companies in the jewelery sector. We consider the qualitative approach at the descriptive level through semi-structured interviews with twelve major exporting companies in the jewelery sector in Peru. The results of the investigation show that the most relevant internal factors for the internationalization of jewelry companies is the international experience based on the understanding of markets, foreign clients, competition, knowledge of the documents and certificates necessary for an export, international commercial relations and risks in the negotiations; Another relevant internal factor is the personalization of the product with characteristics of innovation that generates better export results and, therefore, have a competitive position, since in the international market customers consider that companies have a product with added value, innovative and competitive. Moderately relevant factors are transaction costs, firm size, and the tacit nature of know-how; while opportunistic behaviuor is of little relevance. These findings will serve to understand opportunities and limitations that companies must be aware of to undertake new internationalization projects in the jewelery sector.
Binding Energies of Interstellar Molecules on Crystalline and Amorphous Models of Water Ice by Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Ferrero Stefano , Zamirri Lorenzo , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Witzel Arezu , Rimola Albert , Ugliengo Piero
Published: November 2020

In the denser and colder (≤20 K) regions of the interstellar medium (ISM), near-infrared observations have revealed the presence of submicron-sized dust grains covered by several layers of H2O-dominated ices and “dirtied” by the presence of other volatile species. Whether a molecule is in the gas or solid-phase depends on its binding energy (BE) on ice surfaces. Thus, BEs are crucial parameters for the astrochemical models that aim to reproduce the observed evolution of the ISM chemistry. In general, BEs can be inferred either from experimental techniques or by theoretical computations. In this work, we present a reliable computational methodology to evaluate the BEs of a large set (21) of astrochemical relevant species. We considered different periodic surface models of both crystalline and amorphous nature to mimic the interstellar water ice mantles. Both models ensure that hydrogen bond cooperativity is fully taken into account at variance with the small ice cluster models. Density functional theory adopting both B3LYP-D3 and M06-2X functionals was used to predict the species/ice structure and their BEs. As expected from the complexity of the ice surfaces, we found that each molecule can experience multiple BE values, which depend on its structure and position at the ice surface. A comparison of our computed data with literature data shows agreement in some cases and (large) differences in others. We discuss some astrophysical implications that show the importance of calculating BEs using more realistic interstellar ice surfaces to have reliable values for inclusion in the astrochemical models.