bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Causes of the “Tulip Revolution” in Kyrgyzstan: the Role of the External Factor
Authors: Naumov Aleksandr O.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. “Colour revolutions”, which are coups using technologies, mechanisms and tools of soft power, became a notable phenomenon in the post-Soviet space at the beginning of the XXI century. Attempts to dismantle political regimes in the region using methods of non-violent struggle are still being made by Western experts in geopolitical engineering, and directly at the borders of the Russian Federation. The article examines the role of an external factor in the preparation and implementation of one of the “color revolutions” of the first wave – the “Tulip revolution” in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the system, structural-functional, comparative-political approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and observation. Results and Discussion. The article presents an analysis of the causes of the socio-political crisis in Kyrgyzstan that led to the “Tulip revolution” in 2005. Special emphasis is placed on studying the activities of the United States to form a Pro-Western civil society in the country by promoting various projects and programs of democratization. With the help of Western soft power actors operating in Kyrgyzstan since the 1990s, local non-governmental organizations and mass media were organized, and cadres opposed to the Akayev regime were trained in various spheres of social and political life. Conclusions. Even in the specific conditions of Central Asia, Washington managed to create a “revolutionary” infrastructure on the ground, helping anti-government forces in areas where they were not competent enough. The author concludes that without financial and organizational support, the Kyrgyz opposition would not have been able to implement the successful scenario of the “colour revolution”. The victory of the “Tulip revolution” did not bring the prosperity promised by its leaders to the people; on the contrary, it was this event that caused huge damage to the country’s public administration system and triggered a series of crises that still haunt Kyrgyzstan.
A vasanyagcsere szabályozása, hepcidinexpresszió fiziológiás és pathológiás körülmények között
Authors: Egyed Miklós
Published: April 2021

Összefoglaló. A humán szervezetnek az alapvető biokémiai reakcióihoz
vasra és annak biztonságos használatára van szükség. Emberben vasexcretios út
hiányában a vasanyagcsere sarkalatos pontja a duodenális absorptio, amelyet a
májsejtek által termelt hormon, a hepcidin szabályoz. A hepcidin a ferroportin
lisosomalis degradációját okozva blokkolja a vasnak a vérbe való belépését a
duodenális enterocytából, a reticuloendothelialis rendszer (RES) macrophagokból
és a májsejtekből. A reguláló hormon képzését a szervezet vaskészlete mellett az
erythropoiesis, hypoxia és inflammatorikus folyamatok befolyásolják. A
szabályozás kóros eltérései vashiány vagy vasterhelés útján súlyos betegségeket
okozhatnak. A hepcidin képződését befolyásoló folyamatokat illetően ismereteink
jelentősen gyarapodtak, közleményünk célja ezek bemutatása.

Summary. The basic biochemical reactions of the human body require
iron and its safe utilisation. In absence of an iron-excreation pathway in
human, the pivotal point of iron metabolism is duodenal absorption, which is
regulated by a hormone produced by liver cells, the hepcidin. Causing lisosomal
degradation of ferroportin, hepcidin blocks the iron entry into the blood from
duodenal enterocytes, reticuloendothelial system (RES) macrophages, and liver
cells. In addition to the body’s iron stores, the production of the regulatory
hormone is also affected by erythropoiesis, hypoxia and inflammatory processes.
Abnormal regulation can lead to serious illness through iron deficiency or iron
stress. Regarding the processes influencing the formation of hepcidin, our
knowledge has significantly increased and the aim of our paper is to present
them.
Az Egyesült Államok Űrparancsnoksága és Űrereje : Létrehozásuk okai és folyamata
Authors: Edl András
Published: April 2021

Az Egyesült Államok hadereje a hidegháború után egy rövid ideig, anélkül, hogy riválisok miatt aggódnia kellett volna, élvezhette a világűrbe telepített eszközei által nyújtott előnyöket. Azonban más államok fokozódó űrtevékenysége, illetve az ASAT fegyverek fejlődése okán az Egyesült Államok fölénye csökkenni látszik. Így Washingtonban hosszas viták után úgy ítélték, szükség van bizonyos szervezeti változtatásokra. Egy korábbi kísérlet tanulságait levonva, felállították az Űrparancsnokságot, illetve egy új haderőnemet is létrehoztak, az Űrerőt. A két szervezet kialakítása még zajlik, de lassan láthatóvá válnak a feladatkörök, a szervezeti egységek. Mindezt a folyamatban lévő programok támogatása és új eszközök rendszerbe állítása mellett hajtják végre.
A Magyar Honvédség képességfejlesztése, egy korszerű haderő megteremtése
Authors: Sticz László , Seprődi-Kiss Árpád
Published: April 2021

Jelen cikk célja, hogy a nyilvánosság által sokszor csak a beszerzések kapcsán említett Zrínyi Haderőfejlesztési és Honvédelmi Program képességfejlesztési elemeit bemutassa, és betekintést nyújtson a Magyar Honvédség modernizációjának hátterébe, elemeibe és folyamatába. A stratégiai környezetet és a Zrínyi Program hadtudományos alapjait bemutató bevezetést követõen áttekinti a Magyar Honvédség által alkalmazott képességalapú tervezési módszer sajátosságait, a haderõfejlesztéssel együtt járó struktúraváltás elemeit, illetve a konkrét haderõnemi fejlesztéseket is.
Preoperative cephalhematoma size measured with computed tomography predicts intraoperative bleeding in pediatric patients undergoing cranioplasty
Authors: Kim Seung Hyun , Min Kyeong Tae , Park Eun Kyung , Rhee Hyungjin , Yang Hyukjin , Choi Seung Ho
Published: April 2021

Background: Cranioplasty for the treatment of cephalhematomas in small infants with limited blood volume is challenging because of massive bleeding. This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between cephalhematoma size and intraoperative blood loss and identify criteria that can predict large intraoperative blood loss.Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 120 pediatric patients aged less than 24 months who underwent cranioplasty for treatment of a cephalhematoma. The cephalhematoma sizes in preoperative brain computed tomography (CT) were measured using ImageJ. Results: Pearson correlation showed that the cephalhematoma size in the pre-operative brain CT was weakly correlated with intraoperative blood loss (Pearson coefficient = 0.192, P = 0.037). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, a cephalhematoma size greater than 113.5 cm3 was found to be a risk factor for large blood loss. The area under the curve in the receiver operating characteristic plot of the multivariable model was 0.714 (0.619–0.809).Conclusions: A cephalhematoma size cutoff value of 113.5 cm3, as measured in the preoperative CT imaging, can predict intraoperative blood loss exceeding 30% of the total body blood volume. The establishment of a transfusion strategy prior to surgery based on cephalhematoma size could be useful in pediatric cranioplasty.
Eficiencia de reabsorción de nitrógeno y fósforo y sus relaciones estequiométricas durante la senescencia en especies del Desierto Sonorense
Authors: Alvarez-Moreno Milagros Guadalupe , Castellanos Alejandro E. , LLano-Sotelo José , Romo-León José Raúl , Calderón-Alvarado Kadiya del Carmen , Esqueda Martín
Published: April 2021

Antecedentes: Nitrógeno (N) y Fósforo (P) son los nutrientes más limitantes en plantas y su eficiencia de reabsorción sugiere estrategias de conservación. La reabsorción además afecta los cocientes estequiométricos en la hojarasca, modificando las interacciones ecológicas y los ciclos biogeoquímicos en gradientes de aridez.
Hipótesis: Existirá mayor eficiencia de reabsorción de nutrientes en especies de sitios con mayor aridez, por lo que esperamos que los cocientes estequiométricos de C:N y C:P sean mayores en hojas senescentes.
Especies de estudio: Ipomoea arborescens , Fouquieria macdougalii , Cercidium microphyllum , Encelia farinosa , Mimosa laxiflora , Jatropha cardiophylla , Cenchrus ciliaris , Olneya tesota , Prosopis velutina , Cercidium floridum , Fouquieria splendens , Brongniartia minutifolia , Jatropha cordata , Colubrina viridis , Larrea tridentata y Cercidium praecox .
Sitio de estudio y fechas: Tres sitios en un gradiente de aridez del Desierto Sonorense, en la región central de Sonora. Agosto - noviembre 2017 y 2018.
Métodos: Se obtuvieron la eficiencia de reabsorción de N y P, y cocientes estequiométricos C:N, C:P y N:P en hojas verdes y senescentes de especies, comparando tipos funcionales y sitios.
Resultados: La eficiencia de reabsorción disminuyó con el incremento de aridez así como los cocientes estequiométricos C:N y C:P en hojas senescentes y N:P en leguminosas.
Conclusiones: La eficiencia de reabsorción no sugiere una estrategia de conservación de recursos, sin embargo, las diferencias entre tipos funcionales permitieron diferenciar estrategias ecológicas y estequiométricas, en particular las leguminosas, que ayudan a resaltar su influencia en la biogeoquímica de las zonas áridas Sonorenses y posiblemente del país.
Dichrocephala integrifolia (Astereae, Asteraceae), a new exotic genus and species for Mexico and second record for the New World
Authors: Hinojosa-Espinosa Oscar , Potter Daniel , Ishiki Mario , Ortiz Enrique , Villaseñor José Luis
Published: April 2021

Background: Dichrocephala is an Old-World genus of the tribe Astereae within the family Asteraceae. One species, D . integrifolia , has been recently reported as introduced in the New World from a pair of collections from Guatemala. During field work in the state of Chiapas in southern Mexico, the species was found and collected. This is the first record of both the genus and species in Mexico and the second record for these taxa in the Americas.
Question: Can D . integrifolia occur in more areas in the New World besides those known from Guatemala and Chiapas?
Studied species: Dichrocephala integrifolia
Study site and dates: Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.
Methods: An ecological niche model was made and it was projected into the New World.
Results: The ecological niche model predicts the records of D. integrifolia in the New World in addition to other ecologically suitable areas, mostly in pine-oak forests in Mexico and Central America and zones with humid mountain and pine forest in the Caribbean. Moreover, a morphological description and illustrations of the species are provided to help with its identification.
Conclusions: It is desirable to avoid the further spreading of D . integrifolia in the New World. Although this species is not considered as invasive, it seems to have a high dispersal potential and the ecological niche modelling indicates larger regions in the Americas that might be affected.
Floral development of the myrmecophytic Acacia cornigera (Leguminosae)
Authors: Gómez-Acevedo Sandra Luz
Published: April 2021

Background: The Neotropical ant-acacias show morphological variations in their vegetative characteristics as a consequence of their relationship with ants. However, there is no information regarding whether floral organs have also undergone any modification that prevents resident ants from approaching the inflorescences in anthesis.

Questions: Are the patterns of floral development affected by the relationship with ants? Is there any floral organ or structure involved in avoiding the presence of ants during the flowering period? At what stage of development do these modifications arise, if at all?

Studied species: Acacia cornigera (L.) Willd.

Study site: Santiago Pinotepa Nacional, Oaxaca and Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz. March and May 2015.

Methods: Dissections of inflorescences in every developmental stage from two populations, were examined using scanning electron microscopy.

Results: The inception patterns of the calyx (irregular), corolla (simultaneous), androecium (acropetally in alternate sectors) and gynoecium (precocious) agree with previous reports for non-myrmecophyic species of the Acacia genus. In mature stages, the presence of stomata is characteristic of bracts and petals.

Conclusions: Floral development is not affected by ant-acacia interactions; however, the occurrence of stomata on bracts and petals could be an important feature indicative of secretory structures to resolve the conflict of interest between ants and pollinators during the flowering period. In this sense, a new approach based on histological analyzes will be necessary in flowers of A . cornigera .
Cane sign: sciatic neuropathy appearance in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Inan Berin , Bekircan-Kurt Can Ebru , Akca Onur , Erdem-Ozdamar Sevim , Tan Ersin
Published: April 2021

We present a patient with idiopathic sciatic neuropathy with demonstrative magnetic resonance imaging findings.
A rare neuro-ophthalmological phenomenon: Marcus Gunn jaw winking ptosis
Authors: Dhasakeerthi Thirumalaivasan , Drake Paul , Aravindhan Akilandeswari , Veerapandiyan Aravindhan
Published: April 2021

NA
Cryostat Sectioning of Tissues for 3D Multimodal Molecular Imaging v2
Authors: Anderson David , Neumann Elizabeth , Allen Jamie , Brewer Maya , Gutierrez Danielle , Spraggins Jeff
Published: April 2021

Scope: Protocol for sectioning flash frozen tissue that can be used for 3D IMS or MxIF experiments. Expected Outcome: Serial sections from a tissue that IMS and MxIF can be performed on with subsequent 3D reconstruction
Investigations on Surface Behavior of Electro-Less Nickel Phosphorus Coatings with Nano Additives on Magnesium Alloy Used In Automotive Applications
Authors: Et. al. Motilal Lakavat ,
Published: April 2021

To enhance the damage and corrosion behaviour for alloys, the coating is found because of the maximum fitted technique. Mg-based alloys have a good range of business application. These alloys show a high specific strength but bad attire and corrosion resistance. A standard coating of Cu, Ni & Zn etc. provides a physical barrier against the wear and tear rate and corrosion attack of magnesium substrate.  In the recent study, plating Ni-P was thru going on AZ91 composite by immersing samples into Nickel sulphate bath in the existence of surfactants. The study of the mechanism of Ni-P deposits was studied utilizing SEM. Ni-P coating was coated consistently within the existence of surfactants. Result of surfactant and Result of Nano-additives ZnO, Al2O3 and SiO with various quantities were examined. 0.5 g/l Nano Al2O3 additive-enhanced the deposition of Ni-P on AZ91 magnesium composite and hereafter the similar consequences are detected just in case of SiO accumulation. Effect of ZnO was also noticed. So is extremely clear that Ni-P coating is extremely effective to scale back the corrosion and rise the wear and tear behaviour if it's used together with Nano additive and therefore the surfactants.
Una nueva especie y nuevos registros de líquenes en Colombia y Suramérica en el bosque seco tropical de la cuenca media del río Cauca
Authors: Soto-Medina Edier Alberto , Castaño-Naranjo Alejandro , Granobles Jonathan , Aptroot André
Published: April 2021

Se reportan por primera vez en Colombia las especies de líquenes Bapalmuia costaricensis Lücking & Kalb, Herpothallon confluenticum Aptroot & Lücking, Herpothallon nigroisidiatum G. Thor. y Herpothallon rubromaculatum G. Thor, y por primera vez en Suramérica Pyrenula cryptothelia (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Etayo. Estos nuevos registros provienen del bosque seco tropical de la cuenca media del río Cauca, un ecosistema muy amenazado en Colombia. También se describe una nueva especie, Synarthonia robertiana Soto & Aptroot, con ascomas UV+ amarillo.
Fundación radio escuela para el desarrollo rural (FREDER): un caso de desoccidentalización educomunicativa en territorio mapuche williche
Authors: Quintana Elgueta Martin , Tejeda Gómez Cristian , Carias Perez Fernando
Published: April 2021

La Fundación radio escuela para el desarrollo rural – FREDER es una institución ligada a los curas capuchinos holandeses llegados a la ciudad de Osorno, Chile, a mediados de la década del 60; desde 1968 intervino con programas educomunicativos para el desarrollo en comunidades mapuche williche. Este artículo subraya elementos diferenciadores de dicha experiencia, singularizando su perspectivas sobre el desarrollo. A partir del análisis interpretativo de documentos y entrevistas se proponen dos diferencias que pudiesen ser útiles como estrategia de desoccidentalización de las comunicaciones: 1) Compromiso político educomunicativo como táctica legitimadora local; y 2) Transición del negacionismo a la valoración de la multiplicidad cultural indígena.
The relationship between some components of prisoner’s psychological well-being and duration in prison: Hosanna, Ethiopia
Authors: Melaku Sewagegn Mola , Hunde Tigist Shiferaw
Published: April 2021

This study was designed to address the relationship between and some components of psychological well-being and duration among prisoners in Hosanna town. To meet this objective, the researcher drew 100 out of 2,000 populations who were selected as sample participants of the study by using systematic random sampling techniques. A point Likert-type scale questionnaire was used. The data were analysed through percentage, correlation; t-test and analysis of variance. The result revealed that there is no significant relationship between some components of psychological well-being and age among prisoners. The study also revealed that there is a significant difference between male and female prisoners on the components of psychological well-being. The study suggested that it is advisable to create favourable conditions for the prisoner to develop a sense of good interaction among them. Finally, the correctional centre should develop a sense of belongingness and coordination among offenders to minimise stress and conflict in the correctional centre

 

Keywords: Components; psychological well-being; duration; prisoners.
Early Stage Investigators: Emerging Research Supporting Health Equity
Authors: Echeverria Sandra , Onukwugha Eberechukwu
Published: April 2021

Ethn Dis. 2021;31(2):165-166;doi:10.18865/ed.31.2.165
A PHILTHER-MÓDSZER MINT SZÍNHÁZTÖRTÉNET-ÍRÁS
Authors: JÁKFALVI Magdolna
Published: April 2021

Tanulmányom azt a kutatást ismerteti, mely az elmúlt hetven év színházi eseményeinek rekonstrukciójához formázott elemzési módszert, a Philthert. Az a felismerés motiválta, hogy miközben a színháztörténet-írás metodikája intézmények és alkotók történetével készíti el összefüggő események múltbéli hálóját, hiányként jelenik meg a történetírás narratívája maga. Az államszocialista kulturális események ezzel a történetírói folyamatelemzéssel nehezen közelíthetők, hiszen az őket az emlékezetben tartó narratívák is cenzúrázott narratívák, az emlékek átírása, elvesztése, meghamisítása kettős történetet rajzol elénk: a hivatalos és a második nyilvánosságból megmaradt emlékhelyeket. A színházi előadás elemzése esztétikai értékek rekonstruálásán át mikrotörténetet ír, s a kulturális kontextus, a hatástörténet egy-egy eseményhez köthető elemzésével jut el titkos, eldugott összefüggések, átírt jelenségek észleléséhez, értéséhez. A Philther elnevezésű módszer bemutatása e tanulmány célja.
Current methods of radiological diagnosis of kidney neoplasms (literature review)
Authors: YAMSHIKOV Oleg N. , YEMELYANOVA Natalia V. , ZAGORODNOVA Daria S.
Published: April 2021

We presented an overview of domestic and foreign studies on the diagnosis of renal malignancies published in publicly available electronic specialized medical publications. Taking into account that every year the share of oncological diseases in the structure of the total incidence is constantly growing, and that cancer is one of the main causes of death and disability in the working age population, currently, the search for new diagnostic methods to detect kidney tumors still remains a pressing problem located at the junction of several medical disciplines, in particular, oncology, urology, radiation diagnostics and radiation therapy. Over the past decade, the diagnosis of malignant kidney neoplasms has undergone significant changes and has stepped far forward. Because of that the ability to detect the disease in the early stages of development increases. In the study, we examined the most widespread methods, methods that have already lost relevance, as well as new methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography ultrasonography, radiography, etc. We also considered the possibilities of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplasms.
Effect of non-removable orthodontic devices on the condition of solid dental tissues
Authors: Miklaev Stanislav V. , Poltorackaya Irina P. , Zolotova Valeria M.
Published: April 2021

We carried out the analysis of solid dental tissue among 50 patients at different stages of orthodontic treatment using brace systems made of materials, which are used most often in the process of bite correction. We determined the hygiene index (OHI-S), saliva buffer capacity and its immunoreactive properties, caries intensity to explain the development of demineralization. We conducted the study using ligature and self-ligating ceramic and metal brace systems. The examination revealed a clear tendency to imbalance in the local immune response of the body, deterioration of hygienic status in patients during the period of noted orthodontic treatment, as well as noticeable changes in the structure of solid tooth tissues. There is a noticeable development of pathological processes depending on the duration of treatment, and then a regressive effect in relation to hygienic deviations in tracking the retinal period. These studies have proved the pathogenetic effect of edgewise technology, mainly ligature representatives, on the general state of the oral cavity, including the body as a whole, which leads to the importance of the introduction of permanent preventive hygienic events and the implementation of treatment in conjunction with dental doctors of other directions.
Risk factors and features of stroke among young persons in urban and rural areas of the Tambov Region
Authors: Zvonareva Ekaterina B. , Grigorova Lubov I.
Published: April 2021

Since 2011 according to the national project “Health” the Regional Vascular Center has been operating on the basis of the Tambov Regional Clinical Hospital. This is a ward for patients with acute cerebral circulation disorder. Since 2017 there has been an increase in patients due to an increase in the number of attached population to Tambov Regional Clinical Hospital and, accordingly, unfortunately, the mortality rate from acute cerebral circulation disorder has been increasing. Between 2016 and 2020, a study was conducted based on the follow-up of young patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. In the study we emphasized the research of regional features of the structure, causes, and risk factors of stroke in persons in the city of Tambov and the districts of the Tambov Region. We verified pathogenetic subtypes of stroke among young patients. We identified and considered main and concomitant factors determining stroke outcome, degree of neurological deficiency, and disabled patients. We identified the leading causes of stroke in persons, the main of which were: arterial hypertension, cardiac pathology, atherosclerosis.
Study of some parameters of electrocardiography of skiers-riders
Authors: Saykin Sergey V. , Yakovlev Valery N.
Published: April 2021

Very high results, the achievement of which is possible only with long systematic train-ing with the use of large and sometimes excessive physical activity characterizes modern sports. The preparation process from beginner to master of sports takes an average of 5–10 years. During this time, the athlete must develop and improve special physical and mental qualities, as well as master certain motor skills specific to this sport. Therefore, children's and youth's organisms of athletes are subject to increased loads, especially in classes that develop endurance. But not always physical activity contributes to the strengthening of the body, sometimes excessive loads, especially with the wrong approach, lead to complications from the cardiovascular system, in particular, to changes in heart rate. Therefore, the issue of adapting the functions of the heart of young athletes to muscle loads becomes increasingly important. The purpose of the work was to study the activities of the cardiovascular system of skiers-riders in the preparatory period of the one-year cycle. Currently, various methods of functional diagnosis of the cardiovascular system are used. We considered the results obtained during electrocardiographic examination of skiers-riders. We investigated electrical activity of the heart and presented model characteristics according to the considered indicators.
Development of new metal structure for osteosynthesis of femoral fractures
Authors: EMELYANOV Sergey A. , PETRUKHIN Anton N.
Published: April 2021

We presented the results of analysis of characteristics of osteosynthesis of femur model with improved metal structure. We carried out the analysis of the literature and a patent search on the subject of the study, created a layout of this design, a prototype and tested strength characteristics using a breaking machine. We carried out the work on a bovine femur preparation, performed taking into account the maximum correspondence of the studied human femur segment. We carried out load samples for fabricated steel structures, as well as for prototypes of this design in the form of samples for shear, angular displacement and rupture, while for each sample, performed 2 versions of the location of the steel structure relative to the fracture – perpendicular to the fracture line (angle 90º), as well as with a deviation in the range of 30º (75º–105º). We detected a statistically significant increase in the load values for the new advanced steel structure at a right angle of 41 % and a variation of 56 % during the analysis of the sample for rupture. Thus, when comparing the values of the load samples of the prototype and the manufactured metal structure, we revealed an increase in the indicators of the burst sample for the new metal structure which indicates the justification of its use in clinical practice.
Levantamento de aditivos alimentares em produtos alimentícios voltados para o público infantil
Authors: Braga Luiza Vargas Mascarenhas , Silva Alessandro Rangel Carolino Sales , Anastácio Lucilene Rezende
Published: April 2021

O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados pode ser especialmente prejudicial na infância, uma vez que as crianças são consideradas mais vulneráveis aos efeitos dos aditivos alimentares. Objetivou-se avaliar, de acordo com a informação presente nos rótulos, os tipos de aditivos alimentares presentes em alimentos destinados ao público infantil. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo, no qual se compilou os tipos de aditivos presentes na lista de ingredientes de oito categorias (bebidas com sabor de frutas, bebidas lácteas, biscoitos recheados, bolos, cereais matinais, gelatinas, salgadinhos de milho e iogurtes) de produtos com apelo infantil (n= 409) coletados em supermercados de Belo Horizonte–MG, durante segundo semestre de 2018. Apenas 19 (4,6%) produtos não possuíam algum tipo de aditivo. As categorias dos bolos (8,3±2,1) e das gelatinas (8,3±1,2) apresentaram maior média de aditivos e a categoria dos cereais matinais, menor (2,2±1,6). Os aditivos alimentares mais encontrados foram: aromatizantes (79%; n=323), corantes (56%; n=229) e emulsificantes (36%; n=148). Conclui-se que os alimentos voltados ao público infantil possuem, em sua maioria, pelo menos um tipo de aditivo alimentar. Foram encontradas majoritariamente as classes dos aromatizantes, corantes e emulsificantes nos produtos avaliados.
Aplicación de la gestión de inventarios para reducir costos logísticos de una empresa comercializadora de insumos pecuarios
Authors:   , Quiñones Tintaya Jackeline Lizeth
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó con la finalidad de reducir costos logísticos aplicando la gestión de inventarios a una empresa importadora que comercializa insumos pecuarios. El trabajo involucro la modificación de la distribución de los almacenes, planteándose un nuevo layout para el almacén principal, así como la eliminación del almacén secundario y ver la disminución en algunos costos logísticos. Al implementar lo mencionado, se obtuvo una disminución en la tasa de mantener una unidad de inventario en un 38.93%. La reducción de la tasa de mantener una unidad de inventario permitió reducir el costo de mantener inventarios y el costo de mano de obra; y al aplicar el modelo EOQ se consiguió la reducción de los otros costos como el costo de comprar y el costo de ordenar. Cumpliendo así con nuestro objetivo general que es Determinar cuál es la reducción en los costos logísticos aplicando la gestión de inventarios. Según las metodologías aplicadas el resultado reflejó que se puede reducir los costos logísticos en un 29.00%.
Japan: New Security Paradigm in Light of Aggravation of Territorial Dispute with China
Authors: Strel’tsov D.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the current situation in the Sino-Japanese dispute over Senkaku/Diaoyutai Islands, as well as to its implications for the policy of Tokyo in the national security field. The paper analyzes historical and legal arguments of the parties and shows that one of the main obstacles in resolving the conflict lies in the sphere of national prestige. Possible responses to the challenges Japan faces in connection with the aggravation of the Senkaku problem are observed in three areas: strengthening the security treaty with the United States, the resolution of the conflict within the bilateral framework with China and the diversification of Japan’s own security policy.
Korean Crisis and Russia’s Policies
Authors: Khudoley K.
Published: April 2021

The main reason for tensions on the Korean peninsula is the competition and confrontation between the two development models, one of which is struggling to survive with such methods that create a threat to international security. It is in Russia's interests to prevent armed conflict or prolonged tension near its borders. The settlement of the Korean problem is possible in the medium term in the course of Korean unification.
Russia’s Peace-Making at Post-Soviet Space: Results and Prospects
Authors: Romanchuk S.
Published: April 2021

The article is dedicated to the history of conflicts, comparing of methods of prevention of armed conflicts and evaluating of armed intervention. Analyzing methods of peace building with the help of peacekeeping operations based on practical operations, legal and regulatory framework. The author analyzes some of peacekeeping missions with the specifics of each region.
Identification of TENORM in Zirconium Oxychloride with Gamma Spectrometry
Authors: Rozana Kharistya , Prabasiwi Devi Swasti , Ariany Dewi Puspa
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Gamma spectrometer used to determine the type and activity of gamma emitting radionuclides, such as the measurement of TENORM (Th-232, U-238, Ra-26 dan K-40) in the zirconium oxychloride or environmental radioactivity.  This research was carried out to know each the TENORM on the zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2.8H2O) which accommodation of environment data the radioactivity in draft job safety about the workers.  Zirconium oxychloride is a result of chloride acid leaching process from sodium zirconate, containing uranium and thorium, so that it has the potential for contamination and increase the radiation exposure.  The instrument used for counting by HPGe detector and the spectrum were analyzed further using software Genie 2000.  Mean measured activity concentrations (radioactivity) of U-238, Th-232, Ra-226 and K-40 respectively were 13,43±0,876 Bq/kg, 12,040±1,483 Bq/kg, 11,400±0,582 Bq/kg dan 32,940±3,270 Bq/kg.
Home Intervention For Mother And Premature Infant: A Literature Review
Authors: Eko Kapti Rinik , Glorino Rumambo Pandin Moses
Published: April 2021

Abstract Background: Premature babies have a greater risk for having health issues after being discharged from the hospital whilst the mother ability to provide premature baby care still has many issues as well. Interventions are needed to be given to mothers at home to improve the ability of mothers to care their premature babies. Methods: Search for articles used the bolean operator of “or” and “and” with the keywords used were “preterm or premature”, “intervention or program”, and “mother and home”. Data based used were Sciencedirect, Ebscohost, PubMed, SAGE, Proquest and Scopus with inclusion criteria using full text in English from 2018 to 2021. There were 428 articles obtained, the articles were then screened by reading the main focus of articles with paying attention to the topic and the suitability of article content and we obtained 13 suitable articles. Results: The interventions at home carried out for mothers and premature babies were divided into two namely the follow-up interventions from the hospital and the interventions carried out at the patient's home. Seven articles about research of interventions that were as a combination from hospital intervention with follow-up hospital intervention plus five full interventions at the patient's home. Interventions were provided through home visits (12 articles) and by telephone (1 article). The results of the article analysis resulted in 4 main themes of intervention for mothers and premature babies, they were health education, counceling, support, and care for premature babies. Conclusion: Quality care is essential for the best health, growth and development of premature babies. Interventions need to be carried out by health workers to ensure the readiness and ability of mothers to care for their babies. Maternal readiness and abilities can be improved by providing health education, counseling, support and care for premature babies.
No Time to Age: Uncoupling Aging from Chronological Time
Authors: Larocca Dana , Lee Jieun , West Michael D , Labat Ivan , Sternberg Hal
Published: April 2021

Multicellular life evolved from simple unicellular organisms that could replicate indefinitely being essentially ageless. At this point, life split into 2 fundamentally different cell types: the immortal germline representing an unbroken lineage of cell division with no intrinsic endpoint and the mortal soma which ages and dies. In this review, we describe the germline as clock-free and the soma as clock-bound and discuss aging with respect to 3 DNA-based cellular clocks (telomeric, DNA methylation, and transposable element). The ticking of these clocks corresponds to the stepwise progressive limitation of growth and regeneration of somatic cells that we term, somatic restriction. Somatic restriction acts in opposition to strategies that ensure continued germline replication and regeneration. We thus consider the plasticity of aging as a process not fixed to the pace of chronological time but one that can speed up or slow down depending on the rate of intrinsic cellular clocks. We further describe how germline factor reprogramming might be used to slow the rate of aging and potentially reverse it by causing the clocks to tick backwards. Therefore, reprogramming may eventually lead to therapeutic strategies to treat degenerative diseases by altering aging itself, the one condition common to us all.
Putting It All Together: Combining Learning Analytics Methods and Data Sources to Understand Students’ Approaches to Learning Programming
Authors: López-Pernas Sonsoles , Saqr Mohammed , Viberg Olga
Published: April 2021

Learning programming is a complex and challenging task for many students. It in-volves both understanding theoretical concepts and acquiring practical skills. Hence, analyzing learners’ data from online learning environments alone fails to capture the full breadth of stu-dents’ actions if part of their learning process takes place elsewhere. Moreover, existing studies on learning analytics applied to programming education have mainly relied on frequency analysis to classify students according to their approach to programming or to predict academic achieve-ment. However, frequency analysis provides limited insights into the individual time-related characteristics of the learning process. The current study examines students’ strategies when learning programming, combining data from the learning management system and from an au-tomated assessment tool. To gain an in-depth understanding of students’ learning process as well as of the types of learners, we used learning analytics methods that account for the temporal order of learning actions. Our results show that students have special preferences for specific learning resources when learning programming, namely slides that support search, and copy and paste. We also found that videos are relatively less consumed by students, especially while working on programming assignments. Lastly, students resort to course forums to seek help only when they struggle.
Ten Urgent Priorities Based on Lessons Learned From More Than a Half Million Known COVID-19 Cases in US Prisons
Authors: Barnert Elizabeth , Kwan Ada , Williams Brie
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 is ravaging US prisons. Prison residents and staff must be prioritized for vaccination, but a rapidly mutating virus and high rates of continued spread require an urgent, coordinated public health response.

Based on knowledge accumulated from the pandemic thus far, we have identified 10 pressing public health priorities for responding to COVID-19 in prisons: (1) accelerate population reduction coupled with community reentry support, (2) improve prison ventilation systems, (3) ensure appropriate mask use, (4) limit transfers between facilities, (5) strengthen partnerships between public health departments and prison leadership, (6) introduce or maintain effective occupational health programs, (7) ensure access to advance care planning processes for incarcerated patients and delineation of patient health care rights, (8) strengthen partnerships between prison leadership and incarcerated people, (9) provide emergency mental health support for prison residents and staff, and (10) commit to public accountability and transparency.

Dedicated prison leaders cannot accomplish these public health priorities alone. We must mobilize prison leaders, staff, and residents; public health departments; community advocates; and policymakers to work together to address the pandemic’s outsized impact in US prisons.
Medicaid Expansions and Participation in Supplemental Security Income by Noncitizens
Authors: Muchomba Felix M. , Kaushal Neeraj
Published: April 2021

Objectives. To estimate the effect of Medicaid expansion on noncitizens’ and citizens’ participation in the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded Medicaid eligibility to cover low-income nonelderly adults without children, thus delinking their Medicaid participation from participation in the SSI program.

Methods. Using data from the Social Security Administration for 2009 through 2018 (n = 1020 state-year observations) and the Current Population Survey for 2009 through 2019 (n = 78 776 respondents), we employed a difference-in-differences approach comparing SSI participation rates in US states that adopted Medicaid expansion with participation rates in nonexpansion states before and after ACA implementation.

Results. Medicaid expansion reduced the SSI (disability) participation of nonelderly noncitizens by 12% and of nonelderly citizens by 2%. Estimates remained robust with administrative and survey data.

Conclusions. Medicaid expansion caused a substantially larger decline in the SSI participation of noncitizens, who face more restrictive SSI eligibility criteria, than of citizens. Our estimates suggest an annual savings of $619 million in the federal SSI cost because of the decline in SSI participation among noncitizens and citizens.
Maximum entropy-based forest fire likelihood mapping: analysing the trends, distribution, and drivers of forest fires in Sikkim Himalaya.
Authors: Banerjee Polash
Published: April 2021

The recent episodes of forest fires in Brazil and Australia of 2019 are tragic reminders of the hazards of forest fire. Globally incidents of forest fire events are on the rise due to human encroachment into the wilderness and climate change. Sikkim with a forest cover of more than 47%, suffers seasonal instances of frequent forest fire during the dry winter months. To address this issue, a GIS-aided and MaxEnt machine learning-based forest fire prediction map has been prepared using a forest fire inventory database and maps of environmental features. The study indicates that amongst the environmental features, climatic conditions and proximity to roads are the major determinants of forest fires. Model validation criteria like ROC curve, correlation coefficient, and Cohen’s Kappa show a good predictive ability (AUC = 0.95, COR = 0.81, κ = 0.78). The outcomes of this study in the form of a forest fire prediction map can aid the stakeholders of the forest in taking informed mitigation measures.
Isolation, Identification, biocontrol activity and plant growth promoting of a superior strain Streptomyces tricolor strain HM10
Authors: Rehan Medhat , Alsohim Abdullah , Abidou Hossam
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Streptomyces are familiar with biocontrol activity and producing a broad range of biologically active substances. Our goal was to isolate a local Streptomyces bacteria that can promote plant growth via siderophore, indole acetic acid (IAA) production and phosphate solubilization and biocontrol the phytopathogens to reduce the heavy usage of chemical fertilizers and fungicides.Methods: The designated strains were isolated from local soil samples in Saudi Arabia via the standard serial dilution method, identified morphologically, by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 16S rDNA sequencing and screened against many soils borne fungi. Siderophore, IAA production and phosphate solubilization were detected and measured.Results: A strain designated Streptomyces tricolor strain HM10 was isolated and showed aerial hyphae in SEM. Selected isolate showed highly homolog revealed to 99.69 % with the type strain Streptomyces tricolor LMG 20328. In vitro experiments showed a growth inhibition of ten phytopathogenes by strain HM10 fermentation broth and production of plant growth promoting compounds such as siderophore, IAA and solubilize phosphate. S. tricolor strain HM10 exhibited high antagonism effect against tested fungi (i.e. Colletotrichum gloeosporides with inhibition zone exceed 18 mm whereas the lowest effect was against Alternaria solani (8 mm)). Furthermore, the highest siderophore production was recorded to strain HM8 followed by strain HM10 with 64 and 22.56 h/c (halo zone area/colony area). With regard to IAA production, Streptomyces strain HM10 was the highest producer with value 273.02 µg/ml.Conclusion: Streptomyces tricolor HM10 is an important biological agent that can be used to promote plant growth and control of phytopathogen.
Fusarium sp. L-Asparaginases: purification, characterization and potential assessment as anti-leukemic chemotherapeutic agent
Authors: Yousef Sulaiman A. Al
Published: April 2021

Asparaginases play an important role in the treatment of leukemia. It is part of chemotherapy in the treatment of leukemia in the last three decades. L-Asparaginase isolated from Fusarium sp. isolated from soil and purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G 100. Characterization of the crude enzyme revealed it is a metalloprotease inhibited by EDTA. Hg2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ also inhibited the enzyme. Mg2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+ activated L. asparaginase. Further, the kinetic studies of purified enzyme were carried out. Vmax and Km and were 0.031 M and 454 U/mL, respectively. The optimum temperature was 30°C, optimum pH was 7. Concerning substrate specificity; gelatin and casein in addition to L-asparagine were tested. The enzyme was found to be non-specific, could hydrolyze all tested substrates at different rates. Maximum enzyme activity was recorded in the case of L-asparagine, followed by Casein and gelatin, respectively. The molecular weight of L-Asparaginase was 22.5 kDa. The Anti-leukemic cytotoxicity assay of the enzyme against RAW2674 leukemic cell lines by MTT viability test was estimated. The enzyme exhibited anti-leukemic activity with IC50 of 70 Uml− 1 and relative viability 70 % of control. The current work presents additional information regarding the purification and characterization of the enzyme produced by Fusarium sp. and its evaluation as a potential anti-leukemic chemotherapeutic agent.
Numerical simulation of inorganic Cs2AgBiBr6 as a lead-free perovskite using device simulation SCAPS-1D
Authors: Mohandes Aminreza , Moradi Mahmood , Nadgaran Hamid
Published: April 2021

Double perovskite, Cs2AgBiBr6, is introduced as a lead-free perovskite solar cell. Device modeling of Cs2AgBiBr6 (DP) was accomplished to obtain the optimum parameters using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). Two devices with two different hole transport layers (HTLs) were investigated, including P3HT and Cu2O. Please see manuscript .pdf for full abstract.
Dynamic Molding Deposition: The additive manufacturing in partially ordered system
Authors: Marquette Christophe , Courtial Edwin-Joffrey , Colly Arthur
Published: April 2021

Additive manufacturing (AM) is now identified as a powerful bundle of fabrication techniques. Limitations were identified to be mostly related to the availability of reformulated materials compatible with existing AM technologies. What if we were able to dynamically generate sacrificial molds with unlimited architectures and material composition? We have discovered such a process, called Dynamic Molding Deposition (DMD) in partially ordered powder system and demonstrated its capacity to produce highly complex objects with 100 µm resolution, without any building plate or support structures. The DMD compatible materials were shown to be almost infinite, from low to high viscosity, from thermoplastic to elastomers. Our process enables us to build unexpected composite objects made up of injection material and powder grains from the dynamic mold. This feature opens the path to a complete new field of research and applications.