bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEGAL POSSIBILITIES FOR CREATING A SINGLE OPERATOR FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF CONTAINERS BY RUSSIAN COMPANIES ALONG THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE
Authors:   St. Petersburg Law Offices Inmarin, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MASLOV K.A.
Published: June 2024

Purpose of the research. This article discusses current issues of organizing the transportation of container cargo by a Russian operating company along the Northern Sea Route. The advantages of using the Northern Sea Route as an international transport and logistics corridor have been identified. The problems of organizing and implementing the transportation of containers along the Northern Sea Route have been identified. A scheme for legal regulation of the activities of a Russian operator for the transportation of containers along the Northern Sea Route has been developed. Results. It has been established that in the Russian Federation there is a necessary system of legal regulation of the functioning of the operator for the transportation of containers along the Northern Sea Route, which makes it possible to create a state-owned Arctic Container Shipping Company on the basis of the Rosatom, which will be a national operator for the transportation of containers and will be able to most successfully and efficiently establish a Unified a system for transporting container cargo along the Northern Sea Route.
ACTUAL ISSUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMS COOPERATION OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION WITH THE WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION
Authors:   the Eurasian Economic Commission, Russian Federation, MOZER S.V.
Published: June 2024

A task. To consider current issues of international customs cooperation between the EAEU and the WCO, as well as perform a comprehensive review of scientific researches on the subject of current research. Conclusions. The article comprehensively examines the areas of international customs cooperation between the EAEU and the WCO, which need to be developed within the framework of Eurasian integration. Social Consequences. Conducting a study is associated with the implementation of paragraph 11.7.5. of Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 in terms of cooperation with the WCO, as well as Memorandum of Understanding between the Eurasian Economic Commission and the World Customs Organization dated June 17, 2016. Practical value. The results of the study are of interest to the customs cooperation block of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and can be used by specialists of the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union, the EEC experts to organize strategic planning and to form the legal foundations for the modernization of the Union's law. The article is recommended to researchers, teachers, students, graduate students and other categories of students in the Russian Customs Academy, in other universities and the WCO regional training centers in the specialties «Customs» and «Jurisprudence». Originality/value. The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the activities of the Commission, the Customs Services of the Union Member States, the WCO and is the result of a comprehensive study of the issue of improving international customs cooperation.
DEVELOPMENT OF A BLOCKCHAIN PLATFORM FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, MIKHAYLOVA S.S.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the development of a blockchain platform, which is based on the use of smart contract technology and is designed to provide an environment for concluding transactions between agricultural producers and their buyers. Currently, the technology of a distributed registry or Blockchain has received great attention in the field of software development. In many countries, this technology has been introduced in various areas of the economy. There are a large number of companies that have set themselves the goal of understanding the options for using technology to find business development prospects, reduce costs and optimize current processes. Blockchain technology is one of the end-to-end technologies within the framework of the national Digital Economy project
DESIGNING A CUSTOMER LOYALTY PROGRAM WEB SERVICE
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, BUDAEV E.S.
Published: June 2024

Currently, bonus programs from various companies are very popular, using which companies increase the loyalty of the company's customers, thereby ultimately increasing profits. The article describes the process of developing a web service of the company's loyalty program. The subject area has been studied, different types of loyalty programs have been considered, and its own loyalty program has been developed, which formed the basis for the model of the web service being developed. Next, an overview and analysis of development tools is performed, the most suitable technology stack for implementation is proposed using the example of the .Net Framework platform for implementing the server side and using open libraries to implement the user interface. Based on the analysis of the subject area and the development tools intended for use, a database model of the system was developed, and a database management system represented by MySQL was selected. The architecture of the system was designed using the MVC architectural pattern, Onion design patterns and Repositories, and a scheme for the implementation of the methods of operation of the web service with client accounting systems was proposed. A cashback service project has been developed, which is a web application that interacts with client programs. A module for integration into accounting systems has been developed, using the example of such software products as Topaz-gas station, Frontol and 1C.
ASSESSMENT OF TAX RISKS OF PERSONS, PROFESSIONAL INCOME TAXES
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, SMIRNOVA E.E.
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the issues of assessing the tax risks of individuals, Transferred to Professional Income Tax. The features of tax control are considered, in the current economic situation (preventive, Current, Before and after tax audits). The main measures of tax control are highlighted, used to improve its effectiveness, and the implementation of pre-test analysis in the context of identifying tax schemes involving self-employed persons. Suggested options for determining the amount of tax risk. Tax risk matrix developed, which it is advisable to implement in the mobile application «My tax». Purposes of writing a research paper: to identify the main tax risks, Taxpayers who have a tax on professional income and highlight the areas of their assessment. Conclusions, obtained in the course of the study: the current situation on the implementation of tax control of self-employed persons is estimated and the possibilities of eliminating tax risks are considered.
DEVELOPING THE COMPETENCIES OF RUSSIAN-CHINESE STUDENT PROJECT EXCHANGES IN THE FIELD OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES: THE IDEA OF A STARTUP USING IMMERSIVE TOURISM TOOLS
Authors:   Kazan Innovation University named after V.G. Timiryasov (IEUP), Kazan, Russian Federation, SHAIMIEVA E.SH. , KOKURINA A.A. , GUMEROVA G.I. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, TAZEEVA K.I. , KHAYMUR M.A.
Published: June 2024

The development of forms of Russian-Chinese relations is a managerial task for specialists in creative industries and educational institutions. Student project exchange for the development of university ties allows you to deepen relationships based on the development of competencies in the field of creative industries. The object of this research is a student Russian-Chinese project exchange in the field of creative industries, the subject is the development of a startup idea in a particular region, with the aim of mastering and developing competencies using immersive tourism tools. The purpose of the study: to create a startup idea as an integral part of student Russian-Chinese project exchanges in the field of creative industries, with the development of creative industries competencies among students (using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan, Tatar culture). Research methods: analysis, synthesis, classification, use of B.Bloom's taxonomy. The result of the research is: the development of the idea of a startup student project exchange in relation to the Republic of Tatarstan, attractive: in the form of mastering competencies (virtual, immersive formats); for students of Chinese and Russian universities; the application of B.Bloom's taxonomy to the development of creative industries competencies, where the target descriptors of educational cycles («to know», «to be able», «to own») are presented (in a theoretical aspect) in relation to fourteen online materials (courses) from the Russian side of the cycle (for teaching Chinese students) and nineteen from the Chinese side the parties.
A PROJECT-BASED APPROACH TO MANAGING THE INTERACTION OF DIGITAL UNIVERSITY STAKEHOLDERS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, DANILOVA S.D.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of managing the interaction of university stakeholders in the modern digital space. Higher education institutions of this day are unique entities, in many ways with dissimilar business processes and management priorities. Therefore, along with the existing general principles of the development, implementation and operation of single window services, the problem of developing a single window with unique services that take into account the specifics of the business processes of an individual university is relevant. To solve it, a comprehensive study was carried out on the phenomenon of groups and features of stakeholders' requirements, as well as issues of the formation of adapted single window university services. This made it possible to create a model that systematizes the interaction of stakeholders within a digital university based on a project approach. The paper reflects the main aspect of the model, which is related to distance learning and the control of learning outcomes.
SHORTCOMINGS IN THE CIVIL LAW REGULATION OF NON-RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE RENTAL RELATIONS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, ORUDZHOVA D.KH. , KLUYCHNIKOVA YA.A.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the research. This article examines the key shortcomings in the existing civil law regulation of rental relations of non-residential real estate in the Russian Federation. Results. The authors have identified such gaps as the intersection of features of several types of lease agreements, the lack of a specific criterion for the implementation of the typology of the lease agreement, the unsettled nature of the preliminary lease agreement, etc. As a solution to a number of problems, various solutions are proposed, including making changes to individual articles of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as proposals for the use of specific norms in a number of situations that are contradictory from the side of legislation.
PRIVATE LAW MECHANISM OF PROPERTY PROTECTION: CONTENT AND PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
Authors:   State University of Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, KASHAEV K.A.
Published: June 2024

Taking into account the recently increased risks regarding the inviolability of property rights, as well as the balance of rights and obligations of the owner, the article proposes and substantiates the author's definition of the private law mechanism of property protection. The constitutive features of this mechanism are revealed, including the legitimization of the idea of the inviolability of property, which ensures the well-being of a person and society; instrumental nature; Flexibility and openness in principle. Shown the structure of the private law mechanism of property protection and its differentiation, as well as problematic areas of its application in judicial practice. A brief description of the integrating principles of the private law mechanism of property protection, namely justice, proportionality and predictability, is given.
GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROCESS OF CONSOLIDATION AND REALIZATION OF INSOLVENCY (BANKRUPTCY) PRINCIPLES IN RUSSIAN LAW
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, PAVLIKOV S.G. , SYCHEV A.YU. ,   Moscow regional branch of Union of arbitration managers «Avangard», Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The article provides a scientific analysis of the formation and implementation of the principles of insolvency (bankruptcy) in the recent history of Russia. The authors show the continuity of modern Russian law and pre-revolutionary legislation, for example, «Russian Pravda». For the Soviet economy the financial efficiency of enterprises and organizations did not play any importance, the production of goods, works and services was in the foreground. The Decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation established that Russia is «a state... with a socially-oriented market economy». The purpose of the article is the development of new approaches to understanding the basic structure of legal support of the institute of insolvency (bankruptcy). The work used general scientific methods of research: systemic, functional, system-structural. The authors successfully applied private-scientific: cultural, historical, sociological, statistical methods of research. The authors also involved special methods: comparative-legal and formal-legal method of research in jurisprudence. The article characterizes the new principles of insolvency (bankruptcy), the development of which is expected in the near future.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR BIGAMY IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, SEREBRENNIKOVA A.V.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the research. The article attempts to analyze foreign experience in terms of offenses against family values, for which criminal prosecution is required. As practice shows, at the present stage of development of many states, the marriage and family institution are the most vulnerable element of society, requiring comprehensive political, socio-economic protection. In particular, we will be talking about such a traditional institution, since ancient times, as bigamy (polygamy), which has recently become very widespread, especially in connection with increased migration processes in order to earn money. Results. Having analyzed the problem in the course of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that in the modern world the problem of bigamy (polygamy) is relevant, as it finds its manifestation in countries and cultures with different levels of development. Therefore, the current state of affairs allows each State individually, relying on its traditional values, to approach the issue of legitimacy or its absence in matters of bigamy, taking into account the socio-demographic situation. We also come to the conclusion that foreign legislation, with the help of criminal law norms, protects such an important institution as the institute of family values in a more thorough and pragmatic way. In this connection, it is possible to borrow positive experience in the domestic criminal law legislation of the norms of foreign law in terms of regulating such an institution as bigamy (polygamy).
Deprem Bölgesinde Görev Yapan Halk Kütüphanesi Çalışanlarının Deprem Kaygısı: Hatay Örneği
Authors: Akkaya Mehmet Ali , Polat Özgür
Published: June 2024

Deprem, dünya coğrafyasının önemli bir bölümünü tehdit eden ve büyük can ve mal kayıplarına neden olan doğal jeolojik afetlerin en önemlisidir. Türkiye, depremin yıkıcı etkisini acı deneyimlerle en sık anımsamak durumunda kalan ülkelerin başında yer almaktadır. Depreme hazırlık ve sonrasında işletilecek normalleşme süreçleri açısından ortaya konan kötü performans ile söz konusu performansın her büyük depremin ardından sürekli tekrarı, deprem ve beraberinde getirdiği çok boyutlu olumsuz etkisini Türkiye için daha derinlikli hâle getirmektedir. Bu noktada depremin gözle görünür sonuçlarının gölgesinde kalan ve en sık göz ardı edilen hususlardan biri de depremzedelerin duygu durumlarında yaşanan kırılmalardır. Bu çalışmada, T. C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Kütüphaneler ve Yayımlar Genel Müdürlüğüne (KYGM) bağlı olarak Hatay’da hizmet veren ve 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde meydana gelen depremlerden doğrudan etkilenen halk kütüphanesi çalışanlarının deprem kaygısının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kütüphane çalışanlarının bu travmadan kaynaklanan kaygı düzeylerinin bireysel yaşamlarına ve buna bağlı olarak mesleklerinin icrasına etkisinin ortaya konulması, araştırmanın bütünleyici hedefidir. Araştırmada kaygı, deprem kaygısı ve kütüphanelerin ele alındığı kavramsal arka plan kurgusunda betimleme yönteminden yararlanılmış, Hatay’da Bakanlığa bağlı il ve ilçe halk kütüphanesi çalışanlarının deprem kaygısı ile bu kaygının düzeyinin ortaya konulması amacıyla da anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sınırlarını, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı bağlısı olarak Hatay ve ilçelerinde yer alan halk kütüphanesi çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, 107 kütüphane çalışanına yapılandırılmış sorulardan oluşan anket uygulanmıştır. Kütüphane çalışanlarının depreme ilişkin kaygı düzeylerinin tespitinde, güvenilirlik ve geçerliği bilimsel yöntemlerle ortaya konan “Deprem Kaygısı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucunda; kütüphane çalışanlarının Deprem Kaygısı Ölçeği’nden aldığı puanın ortalamanın üstünde olduğu ve deprem puanlarının demografik özellikler bağlamında anlamlı farklılıklar göstermediği tespit edilmiştir. Depremin kütüphane çalışanlarında yarattığı kaygı düzeyini ölçmeyi hedefleyen çalışmanın bu yönüyle ulusal literatür açısından bir ilk olduğu ifade edilebilir. Deprem kaygısının seçili örneklem üzerinden ve bilimsel yöntemlerle analiz edilmesinin hem Türkiye’deki kütüphanecilerin deprem duyarlılığı hem de kütüphane hizmetleri ve deprem yakınsamasını artırması açısından anlamlı olacağı değerlendirilmektedir.
Sleep Value Profiles: Which Type Are You?
Authors: Sherriff Dustin , Solomon Samantha , Ward Levi , Wright Andrew , Calvin Danika , Klingonsmith Bryce , Yang Chongming , Duraccio Kara M. , Kay Daniel B.
Published: June 2024

Sleep value is the worth individuals place on sleep. The original version of the Sleep Value Item Bank (SVIB) revealed 4 factors of sleep value: wanting, preferring, devaluing, and prioritizing. This study used the updated SVIB-2 that included items designed to capture a 5th factor of sleep liking. In this study, we used factor analysis and latent profile analysis to confirm the factor structure of sleep value and identify sleep value types. Structural equation modeling answered whether value profiles differed by demographics. Participants (N=455) ages 18-85 (M=45) completed an online Qualtrics survey involving demographic variables and the SVIB-2. Results confirmed 5 factors as proposed. We found five sleep value profiles: indifferent (neither value nor devalue sleep), sleep prioritizers (schedule lives around sleep), sleep devaluers, ambivalent (highly value and devalue sleep), and sleep valuers. Only 7% of our nationally representative sample had a sleep-valuing profile. The vast majority have an indifferent (26%), ambivalent (14%), devaluing (26%) and prioritizing (28%) profile. Working-age adult males tend to have an ambivalent profile, potentially suggesting greater conflict between sleep and work-life balance. Older adults tend to have an indifferent profile, potentially suggesting their demand for sleep is less prevalent. Understanding the value individuals place on their sleep may be important for addressing sleep disparities in older adults and working individuals. Sleep value may influence sleep health behavior. In future studies, we will explore whether sleep value types relate to how motivated individuals are to engage in sleep health behavior, seek treatment, and adhere to treatment.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PADA PELAKU USAHA MIKRO DI KOTA BATAM
Authors: Yuliadi Yuliadi , Br Purba Neni Marlina , Natalia Erni Yanti
Published: June 2024

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing factors that can influence the income of micro business actors in Batam City. The population in this study were all micro businesses registered with the Sekupang Batam cooperative body. Meanwhile, samples were taken using the Slovin formula. Hypothesis testing in this research was carried out using instrument tests consisting of validity tests and reliability tests, then descriptive analysis tests. The classic assumption test consists of the normality test, multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test. Apart from that, it also uses multiple linear regression tests, simultaneous tests (F test), partial tests (t test) and determination tests (R2 test). The results of this research show that partially business capital has a significant effect on business income, while business scale has a negative but not significant effect on business income. Meanwhile, simultaneously business capital and business scale have a significant influence on business income.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, TAX AVOIDANCE DAN PERATAAN LABA TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Syafitri Syafitri , Oktavianna Rakhmawati
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
This research aims to test and obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of capital structure, tax avoidance and income smoothing on company value. This research uses a sample of property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange in 2018-2022. The sampling method used in this research is the purposive sampling method using eviews 12 for data analysis. This type of research is quantitative with 15 companies used as research samples with observations for 5 years, so the total research sample is 75 samples. The analysis technique used is panel data regression. The results of this research show that simultaneously capital structure, tax avoidance and income smoothing influence company value. Partially, capital structure has a significant positive effect on company value, tax avoidance has no effect on company value and income smoothing has no effect on company 
Keywords: capital structure, tax avoidance, income smoothing and company value
 
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan memperoleh bukti secara empiris mengenai pengaruh struktur modal, tax avoidance dan perataan laba terhadap nilai perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel perusahaan properties dan real estate yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia tahun 2018-2022. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode purposive sampling dengan menggunakan eviews 12 untuk analisis datanya. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif dengan 15 perusahaan yang dijadikan sampel penelitian dengan pengamatan selama 5 tahun, sehingga total sampel penelitian sebanyak 75 sampel. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa secara simultan struktur modal, tax avoidance dan perataan laba berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Secara parsial struktur modal berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, tax avoidance tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan dan perataan laba tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Kata Kunci : struktur modal, tax avoidance, perataan laba dan nilai perusahaan
Two types of cleavage, from zygote to three cells, result in different clinical outcomes and should be treated differently
Authors: Nemerovsky Luba , Ghetler Yehudith , Wiser Amir , Levi Mattan
Published: June 2024

Research Question

What is the utilization rate of embryos that exert inadequate zygote cleavage into three daughter cells?

Design

This study used a retrospective dataset from a single IVF Unit. A total of 3,060 embryos from 1,811 fresh IVF cycles were analyzed. The cleavage pattern, morphokinetics, and outcome were recorded. Only 2pn embryos, fertilized by ejaculated sperm, and cultured in a time-lapse system for at least 5 days were included. We generated three study groups according to the embryo’s cleavage pattern: (I) Control, normal cleavage (n = 551); (II) fast cleavage, zygote to three cells within 5 h (n = 1,587); and (III) instant direct tripolar cleavage (IDC) from zygote to three cells (n = 922).

Results

The rate of usable fast cleavage blastocysts was 108/1,587 (6.81%) and usable control blastocysts was 180/551 (32.67%). The time of PN fading and from fading to first cleavage differed significantly between the three groups. Although the pregnancy rate of control and fast cleavage blastocysts were comparable (40.35% and 42.55%, respectively), the amount of instant direct cleavage embryos that reached blastocyst stage was neglectable (only four embryos out of 922 analyzed IDC embryos) and unsuitable for statistical comparison of pregnancy rates.

Conclusion

Our results indicate the need to culture instant direct cleavage embryos for 5 days, up to the blastocyst stage, and avoid transfer of embryos that are fated to arrest even when their morphological grade on day 3 is acceptable, whereas fast cleavage embryos could be transferred on day 3 when there is no alternative.
Investigation of the impact of planar microelectrodes on macrophage-mediated mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis
Authors: Chen Hui , Xu Chuchu , Huang Qin , Chen Yuhua , Cheng Kui , Wang Huiming , Chen Xiaoyi
Published: June 2024

Osseointegration commences with foreign body inflammation upon implant placement, where macrophages play a crucial role in the immune response. Subsequently, during the intermediate and late stages of osseointegration, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrate and initiate their osteogenic functions, while macrophages support MSCs in osteogenesis. The utilization of ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) covered ITO planar microelectrodes facilitated the simulation of various surface charge to investigate their effects on MSCs’ osteogenic differentiation and macrophage polarization and the results indicated a parabolic increase in the promotional effect of both with the rise in piezoelectric coefficient. Furthermore, the surface charge with a piezoelectric coefficient of −18 exhibited the strongest influence on the promotion of M1 polarization of macrophages and the promotion of MSCs’ osteogenic differentiation. The impact of macrophage polarization and MSC osteogenesis following the interaction of macrophages affected by surface charge and MSC was ultimately investigated. It was observed that macrophages affected by the surface charge of −18 piezoelectric coefficient still exerted the most profound induced osteogenic effect, validating the essential role of M1-type macrophages in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
A novel approach to assessing the antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential of synthesized calcium carbonate nanoparticles using various extracts of Ailanthus altissima
Authors: Samad Noreen , Ejaz Umer , Kousar Saba , Al-Mutairi Aamal A. , Khalid Arslan , Amin Zeemal Seemab , Bashir Shahzad , Al-Hussain Sami A. , Irfan Ali , Zaki Magdi E. A.
Published: June 2024

Calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3) have been found to exhibit unique properties that show their potential to be used in various therapies. Green synthesis of CaCO3 has been progressively gaining ac-ceptance due to its cost-effectiveness and energy-efficient nature. In the current study, different extracts of Ailanthus altissima were used to synthesize the calcium carbonate nanoparticles the synthesis and characterization of CCNPs were confirmed by using Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The antioxidant activities (hydrogen peroxide, phosphomolydbenum, and ferric reducing) of calcium carbonate nanoparticles were affirmed by a good range of percentages of inhibition against free radical scavenging. The antidebate assays of CCNPs were observed by in-vitro and in silico approaches in a range at various concentrations while maximum inhibition occurred. In conclusion, the current study depicted that conjugated CaCO3 with A. altissima has a good potential to cure oxidative stress and Type II diabetes and could be used in the future as biogenic nanomedicine for the treatment of other metabolic diseases.
Advances in mixed-matrix membranes for biorefining of biogas from anaerobic digestion
Authors: Guerrero Piña Jean Carlo , Alpízar Daniel , Murillo Paola , Carpio-Chaves Mónica , Pereira-Reyes Reynaldo , Vega-Baudrit José , Villarreal Claudia
Published: June 2024

This article provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art technology of polymeric mixed-matrix membranes for CO2/CH4 separation that can be applied in medium, small, and domestic biogas systems operating at low pressures (0.2–6 kPa). Critical data from the latest publications of CO2/CH4 separation membranes were analyzed, considering the ratio of CO2/CH4 permeabilities, the CO2 selectivity, the operating pressures at which the membranes were tested, the chemistry of the polymers studied and their gas separation mechanisms. And the different nanomaterials as fillers. The intrinsic microporous polymers (PIMs) were identified as potential candidates for biomethane purification due to their high permeability and selectivity, which are compatible with operation pressures below 1 bar, and as low as 0.2 bar. This scenario contrasts with other polymers that require pressures above 1 bar for operation, with some reaching 20 bar. Furthermore, the combination of PIM with GO in MMMs was found to not influence the permeability significantly, but to contribute to the membrane stability over time, by preventing the structural collapse of the membrane caused by aging. The systematic analysis here presented is a valuable resource for defining the future technological development of CO2/CH4 separation membranes for biogas biorefining.
Zircon compositional systematics from Devonian oxidized I-type granitoids: examination of porphyry Cu fertility indices in the New Brunswick Appalachians, Canada
Authors: Yousefi Fazilat , Lentz David R. , McFarlane Christopher R. M. , Walker James A. , Thorne Kathleen G.
Published: June 2024

Zircon is a common, widely distributed accessory mineral in most igneous rocks and its refractory nature records magmatic evolution in terms of oxygen and U-Th-Pb isotopes, and trace-element contents all of which reflect the intrinsic physio-chemical evolution of the magmatic systems in which it crystallized. Zircon compositions can be used as an indicator of relative fertility of hypabyssal intrusions in terms Cu ± Mo ± Au porphyry mineralization. To further characterize syn- to post-collisional adakitic Devonian oxidized I-type granitoids in the New Brunswick (specifically, those with Cu ± Mo ± Au porphyry-style mineralization), LA-ICP-MS analyses (guided by µXRF-EDS mapping and SEM-BSE imaging of polished thin sections) of zircons from 13 granitoids was conducted. The zircons studied were similar in terms of their textures (homogenous cores, patchy zoning, oscillatory zoning, and some unzoned zircon); however, they have a wide range of trace- and minor-element (Hf, HREE, Y, Th, U) compositions. Specifically, Zr/Hf ranges between 24–60, whereas Th/U ranges between 0.15 and 5.37. The presence of inherited zircon affects the concentrations of Th and U, as well as other key elements. Estimated crystallization temperatures of granitoids, ranging from 737 to 899°C, were calculated via Ti-in-zircon geothermometry assuming reduced TiO2 and SiO2 activities. The calculated log fO2 values for zircons from some of these granitoids indicate a highly oxidized magmatic signature. Zr/Hf, Eu/Eu⁎, and (Eu/Eu⁎)/Y in zircon, as well as zircon (Ce/Nd)/Y are some of the best indicators of porphyry fertility. The Ce/Ce* in zircon exhibit a large range (1.1–590), with higher Ce/Ce* reflecting more metallogenically favourable oxidizing conditions. If Eu/Eu⁎ in zircon is ≥0.4 (relatively oxidized conditions), it indicates a high potential for an ore-forming porphyry Cu mineralizing system. Lower Eu contents reflect relatively reducing conditions, as Eu anomalies vary with oxygen fugacity as well, and the relative abundance of Eu2+ is higher, but does not substitute into the zircon lattice. The evidence extracted from analyzing the zircon composition within New Brunswick’s I-type granitoids indicates the fertility of these hypabyssal intrusions.
Estimating shear wave velocity and site characterization of western Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia based on multichannel analysis of surface waves
Authors: Abdelrahman Kamal , Saadon Abdullah B. , Qaysi Saleh
Published: May 2024

The site characterization process is vital for the engineering structures and earthworks. In the current study, a Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) was carried out in western Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. This aimed to determine subsurface geology, material stiffness, and potential weak zones approximately down to a depth of 30 m, and to propose the suitable seismic site characterization for precise foundation design. A total of 30 MASW lines were executed utilizing the Geode digital seismograph equipped with a 24-geophone array of 4.5 Hz. The data acquisition, processing, and inversion were meticulously calibrated to derive shear velocities representing subsurface geological conditions. The Vs30 map, based on estimated values ranging from 443.71 m/s to 639.78 m/s for soil, was prepared for the area. The results of the 1D and 2D Vs profiles tinted small Vs values at shallow depths. The resulting geological model is composed of sand, gravel, moderately weathered limestone, and hard limestone sequence. Analysis of shear wave velocities shows variations, indicating low shear velocity (representing sediments or rocks of low stiffness) juxtaposed with higher velocity layers (indicating rocks of higher stiffness) at depths greater than 10 m. This could imply the presence of a cavity or weak zone. The topmost shear wave velocity zone indicated materials with low Vs values (ranging from 180 m/s to 360 m/s), predominantly associated with stiff materials such as silty sand, gravel, and sandy deposits. The subsequent zone, with 3 to about 10 m depth, was characterized by medium to very dense soil with shear wave velocity values ranging from 360 m/s to 760 m/s, attributed to layers of silty clay and silty sand. At approximately 12 m, a high shear velocity layer (ranging from 760 m/s to 1,500 m/s) was identified, extending to a maximum depth of 22 m, potentially indicative of less weathered or fractured bedrock associated with limestone. While the deepest layer, with very high shear velocity (exceeding 1,500 m/s) beyond 22 m, indicated bedrock associated with hard limestone. The average Shear-wave velocity of soil for the whole study area (Vs30 = 551.2 m/s) suggests that the site can be classified as Class C (Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock) according to the National Earthquake Hazard Reeducation Program NEHRP (National earthquake hazards reduction program, 2001). These results will support, to a great extent, the design of engineering structures in the area of study.
Effects of the fuel blend flow rate on engine combustion performance
Authors: Onojowho E. E. , Asere A. A.
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the post-injection flow interactive effects of atomized fuel blends from an injector system of known characteristics into a direct injection compression ignition engine combustion chamber and their outcomes. Attempts were made to link the interactive influence of blend mixture quality, effluence and consumption rate of fuel injection properties on frictional loss, heat liberation, combustion, and volumetric efficiency performance outcomes of the engine. This numerical–experimental dimension study began with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) prediction of fuel in-cylinder behavior between a 225° CA (crank angle) (45°ABDC—after bottom dead center) and 360°CA (0° BTDC—before top dead center) compression stroke elapsing into an expansion stroke. A Testo gas analyzer was used to determine the combustion efficiency. The experiments validated the CFD outcomes presented. Willans lines were applied on blends to compare piston frictional losses. A swirl prediction maximum peak of 0.027237 at 336.15 CA for pure diesel blend (D100) at 2,300 rpm and 0.066811 at 341.3 CA for pure biodiesel blend (B100) at 1,800 rpm aided the mixing quality. The instantaneous velocity on the sinusoidal profile and contour around the swirling peak crank angle revealed ignition activity resulting from high mixing quality. The engine possessed high-efficient fuel blends burning strength on a minimum of 54.5% at a higher flow rate. The engine speed and flow rate interaction on the heat liberation rate made a symmetric profile for D100 and B100. Engine energy loss on friction was minimal with D100 compared to B100 and 5% biodiesel to 95% diesel blend (B5).
Leveraging a sanitation value chain framework could address implementation challenges and reinvent China’s Toilet Revolution in rural areas
Authors: Li Tianxin , Li Yufei , Li Yong , Li Zifu , Zhou Xiaoqin , Simha Prithvi
Published: May 2024

We evaluated the operational, financial, and management challenges within China’s Toilet Revolution by surveying 656 rural households across 10 provinces. The results revealed that the majority of households which renovated their toilets under the Toilet Revolution perceived positive impacts of this on their quality of life and living conditions. Households that had undertaken toilet renovations viewed the program more favorably than households which had not undertaken renovation, and were more willing to engage with the program. Despite the perceived benefits, households were generally hesitant to personally invest in toilet renovation. We uncovered a gap in strategic sanitation planning for post-construction operation and maintenance of toilets, reflecting a “build first, manage later” approach in the Toilet Revolution. We also identified a widespread lack of formal models for management of toilets and toilet products, coupled with high reliance among households on government support and subsidies to fund renovation. To address operational inefficiencies and financial sustainability issues in the program, we propose a novel “Toilet Business” model that leverages a sanitation value chain approach. In this model, private sector engagement, cost management, and market revitalization are crucial components that must be implemented to ensure the program’s long-term success. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the complexities of implementing large-scale sanitation programs such as the Toilet Revolution.
The different vegetation types responses to potential evapotranspiration and precipitation in China
Authors: Liu Haojie , Wei Wei , Zhu GuangLei , Ding Yibo , Peng Xiongbiao
Published: June 2024

Global climate change is considered one of the greatest environmental threats in the world. It is expected to significantly change the global hydrological cycle. The two main water cycle components, potential evapotranspiration (PET) and precipitation (P), are closely related to vegetation dynamics. In this study, the partial correlation analysis method was used to analyzed the relationship between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and climate factors (PET and P) based on grid cells. PET was calculated by FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method. Moreover, we also investigated the NDVI and climate factors in different vegetation cover types. The results showed that grassland, forest and cropland in China were positively correlated with PET and P. The time scales of the maximum partial correlation coefficients between NDVI and PET of grassland vegetation were mostly longer than 5–6 months. These time scales were longer than the time scales related to P. The partial correlation coefficients between NDVI and PET, P of forest vegetation were higher in northern China, whereas the spatial distribution of related time scales was the opposite. The partial correlation coefficients between NDVI and PET, P of forest vegetation were higher in northern China. However, the spatial distribution of related time scales was the opposite. The correlations between NDVI and PET, P of cropland vegetation and the time scales related to PET had clear spatial heterogeneity. The time scale of the correlation between NDVI and P for cropland in the northern China was about 2 months. P had a strong influence on the growth of various types of vegetation in the study area, and grassland vegetation was affected by P over the shortest time scale. We compare and analyze the results of this study with other related studies. These results provide a reference for exploring the dynamic changes in different vegetation types and factors impacting them.
Association of immune checkpoint inhibitors with SARS-CoV-2 infection rate and prognosis in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Lin , Zhao Fangmin , Xiang Yuying , Chen Shuyi , Shu Qijin
Published: June 2024

The rate and prognosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with solid cancer tumors actively treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have not been fully determined. The goal of this meta-analysis was to explore this issue, which can be helpful to clinicians in their decision-making concerning patient treatment. We conducted a thorough search for relevant cohort studies in the databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Mortality and infection rate were the primary endpoints, and the incidence of severe or critical disease was the secondary result. A total of 6,267 cases (individual patients) were represented in 15 studies. Prior exposure to ICIs was not correlated with an elevated risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (relative risk (RR) 1.04, 95% CI 0.57–1.88, z = 0.12, P = 0.905) or mortality (RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.99–1.50, z = 1.90, P = 0.057). However, the results of the meta-analysis revealed that taking ICIs before SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis increased the chance of developing severe or critical disease (RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.09–2.10, z = 2.46, P = 0.014). No significant inter-study heterogeneity was observed. The infection and mortality rates of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with solid tumors who previously received ICIs or other antitumor therapies did not differ significantly. However, secondary outcomes showed that ICIs treatment before the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly associated with the probability of severe or critical illness.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023393511.
Infection risk in patients with autoimmune cytopenias and immune dysregulation treated with mycophenolate mofetil and sirolimus
Authors: Comella Mattia , Palmisani Elena , Mariani Marcello , Dell’Orso Gianluca , Licciardello Maria , Giarratana Maria Carla , Arcuri Luca , Pestarino Sara , Grossi Alice , Lanciotti Marina , Brucci Giorgia , Guardo Daniela , Russo Giovanna , Dufour Carlo , Fioredda Francesca , Castagnola Elio , Miano Maurizio
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Autoimmune cytopenias (AICs) are a group of disorders characterized by immune-mediated destruction of blood cells. In children, they are often secondary to immune dysregulation that may require long-lasting immunosuppression. Mycophenolate mofetil and sirolimus represent two well-tolerated options to treat these disorders, often as a steroid-sparing option. However, no data are available on the infection risk for patients undergoing long-lasting treatments.

Patients and methods

The rate of severe infective events was calculated in episodes per 100 persons/months at risk (p/m/r) documented by the analysis of hospitalization charts between January 2015 and July 2023 of patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus given for isolated AIC or AICs associated with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS)/ALPS-like syndromes in two large Italian pediatric hematology units.

Results

From January 2015 to July 2023, 13 out of 96 patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus developed 16 severe infectious events requiring hospitalization. No patients died. Overall infection rate was 0.24 person/*100 months/risk (95% CI 0.09–0.3). Serious infectious events incidence was higher in patients with ALPS-like compared to others (0.42 versus 0.09; p = 0.006) and lower in patients who underwent mycophenolate treatment alone compared to those who started sirolimus after mycophenolate failure (0.04 versus 0.29, p = 0.03). Considering only patients who started treatment at the beginning of study period, overall cumulative hazard was 18.6% at 60 months (95% CI 3.4–31.4) with higher risk of infectious events after 5 years in ALPS-like patients (26.1%; 95% CI 3.2–43.5) compared to other AICs (4%; 95% CI 0–11.4; p = 0.041).

Discussion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the infectious risk related to mycophenolate and sirolimus chronic treatment in patients with AICs and immune dysregulation. Our data highlight that infection rate is very low and mainly related to the underlying hematological condition.

Conclusions

Mycophenolate and sirolimus represent a safe immunosuppressive therapy in AICs and immune dysregulation syndromes.
Unveiling the eutrophication crisis: 20 years of nutrient development in Zhanjiang Bay, China
Authors: Liang Haorui , Zhang Junxiao , Zhang Jibiao , Zhang Peng , Deng Xue , Chen Jiyu , Wang Zhiliang , Long Chao , Lu Chuqian , Wang Di , Liang Yuzhao
Published: June 2024

Coastal eutrophication is a major issue of marine pollution. The main factors controlling eutrophication must be identified to ensure effective marine environmental management according to the respective local conditions. Zhanjiang Bay (ZJB), located northwest of the South China Sea, is a semi-closed bay influenced by complex water flows and the development of surrounding cities. In this study, we investigated the development of nutrient concentrations and compositions in ZJB seawater over the past 20 years and the factors influencing eutrophication based on several field investigations from 2006 to 2022 and historical data. High concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) were the main contributors to the severe long-term eutrophication in ZJB; however, light eutrophication was observed in the outer bay, primarily caused by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and DIP. The primary sources of COD and nutrients were riverine freshwater, sewage outfalls, mariculture and domestic effluents carried by rivers. Tidal effects diluted the nutrient concentrations in the bay with seawater from the outer bay, thereby playing a key role in nutrient redistribution. The DIN: DIP ratio of ZJB showed long-term nitrogen restriction and excess phosphorus, primarily owing to mariculture activities. Marine undertakings can exert various impacts on water quality. Eliminating illegal aquaculture and launching aquaculture tailwater treatment can improve water quality, whereas practices such as channel dredging may worsen it. This study demonstrates the intricate dynamics of the ZJB ecosystem and offers valuable insights for effective environmental management and conservation efforts.