bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrovisbreaking of vacuum residue from Russian Export Blend: influence of brown coal, light cycle oil, or naphtha addition
Authors: Hidalgo-Herrador José Miguel , Vráblík Aleš , Jíša Petr , Černý Radek , Hamerníková Jana
Published: April 2015

Demand for high-value petroleum products is increasing and crude oils and their distillation products are becoming heavier. The thermal cracking of a vacuum residue (VR) from REB (Russian Export Blend) crude oil was carried out in an autoclave. LCO (light cycle oil), naphtha, and brown coal (BC) were added with the aim of studying their effect on the final products composition. The elemental analysis (%C, %N, %H, %S) was performed and dynamic viscosity, density, GC of gases (“Refinery Gas Analysis”), solubility in hexane and toluene, and simulated distillation were examined in raw materials, gaseous, and liquid products. As anticipated, due to its high aromatics content, the addition of LCO proved the best option, obtaining the highest yield of lighter liquids. The naphtha addition resulted in a slight increment of heavier products in the gaseous phase and higher yields to solids. The literature does not contain any extensive studies of the addition of BC to VR in the hydrovisbreaking process. The addition of BC resulted in an increment in the yield of the gaseous product and assumed the highest relative total consumption of hydrogen during the reaction.
Generating data as a proxy for unavailable corpus data: the contextualized sentence completion task
Authors: Ford Marilyn , Bresnan Joan
Published: April 2015

There is much interest in using large corpora to explore predictors of the probability of higher level linguistic structures, but suitable corpora are not available for all languages and their varieties. We explore a task that uses discourse contexts from an existing corpus as prompts for sentence completion to investigate the usefulness of the method for generating data as a proxy for unavailable corpus data. Mini databases of dative and genitive structures were obtained with the method using American and Australian participants. It is shown that the databases are indeed a good proxy for corpus data.
A Model for Information Support for Knowledge Workers
Authors: Patalas-Maliszewska Justyna
Published: April 2015

This article aims to elaborate on a model of information support for knowledge workers in Polish enterprises. Earlier research has explored the use of Web 2.0 technology for information sharing. Nevertheless, relatively little information has been published that focuses on the impact of information sharing among knowledge workers within a company and its subsequent influence on a firm’s effectiveness as identified via the number of new products created, number of completed research topics, or number of new patents. The author aims to analyze the effectiveness of information sharing in Polish enterprises based on the research results gained from the study described in this paper. In particular, this study pays attention to the likely consequences and results of information sharing by the use of employee web logs. This is followed by a discussion of the results of the empirical studies and of the supporting literature. The summary indicates potential directions for further work.
Life Cycle Assessment in Management of Socially Responsible Enterprise
Authors: Tkaczyk Stanisław , Kuzincow Joanna , Ganczewski Grzegorz
Published: April 2015

The following paper presents dangerous and evident phenomenon of communicational chaos in the field of environment protection and sustainable development in a turbulent external environment. It is pointed that this phenomenon gives organizations an opportunity to take pretended pro-environmental actions, such as socially critical greenwashing. As a counterbalance to those practices, a concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is presented, underlining the possibility of developing honest environmental marketing basing on methods such as Life Cycle Assessment.
Truly Accountable Marketing: The Right Metrics for the Right Results
Authors: Pauwels Koen
Published: April 2015

Marketing accountability is essential for sustained organic growth, but the challenges to it loom large. The major steps in truly accountable marketing include defining the right results, using the right metrics and finally acting upon the collected insights. To identify the right metrics one has to start with defining the right results: What is the informed decision that needs to be made? But getting data-based answers to key questions is only half the battle. Actually acting upon it is the other half, and often companies are reluctant to change. To create momentum, marketing and finance need to pull together, and the selected metrics need to be useful to both mind-sets. Other proven ways to overcome resistance to data-based recommendations include moving to the proposed optimal allocation gradually and demonstrating the real-word gains through field experiments. When companies succeed in establishing truly accountable marketing, they improve and simplify recurring and quantifiable decisions, which leaves them more time to scan the environment for new opportunities and allows them to take smarter risks.
Comparison of a Multiple Regression Model and a two-Regime Model of a Vertical Refraction/ Porovnanie Viacnásobného Regresného Modelu A Dvojrežimového Modelu Vertikálnej Refrakcie
Authors: Sokol Štefan , Lipták Mroslav , Bajtala Marek
Published: April 2015

Accuracy of the trigonometric measurement of elevations is affected by the systematic influence of a vertical refraction, which is caused by changes of meteorological parameters. Submitted paper deals with a modelling of the impact of the vertical refraction using selected meteorological parameters. At first, a concise derivation of a physical principle of the vertical refraction is given. Then, a multiple regression model and its extension into a form of two-regime model are given. Division into two regimes provides a threshold function, which expresses the dependence of the original explanatory variables. Different types of the threshold function are considered and finally a comparison of the quality of the proposed models and application of a chosen model on the results of repeated trigonometric measurements is given.
Finite Element Creep Damage Analyses and Life Prediction of P91 Pipe Containing Local Wall Thinning Defect
Authors: Xue Jilin , Zhou Changyu
Published: April 2015

Creep continuum damage finite element (FE) analyses were performed for P91 steel pipe containing local wall thinning (LWT) defect subjected to monotonic internal pressure, monotonic bending moment and combined internal pressure and bending moment by orthogonal experimental design method. The creep damage lives of pipe containing LWT defect under different load conditions were obtained. Then, the creep damage life formulas were regressed based on the creep damage life results from FE method. At the same time a skeletal point rupture stress was found and used for life prediction which was compared with creep damage lives obtained by continuum damage analyses. From the results, the failure lives of pipe containing LWT defect can be obtained accurately by using skeletal point rupture stress method. Finally, the influence of LWT defect geometry was analysed, which indicated that relative defect depth was the most significant factor for creep damage lives of pipe containing LWT defect.
Non-Arrhenius Viscosity Models for Molten Silicate Slags with Constant Pre-Exponential Parameter: A Comparison to Arrhenius Model
Authors: Gan Lei , Lai Chaobin , Xiong Huihui
Published: April 2015

The accuracies of molten slag viscosity fitting and low-temperature extrapolation were compared between four two-variable models: Arrhenius, Weymann–Frenkel (WF), and Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) and Mauro, Yue, Ellison, Gupta and Allan (MYEGA) models with constant pre-exponential parameter, based on a molten slag viscosity database consisting of over 800 compositions and 5,000 measurements. It is found that over wide ranges of pre-exponential parameter, the VFT and MYEGA models have lower viscosity fitting errors and much higher low-temperature viscosity extrapolation accuracies than Arrhenius and WF models. The pre-exponential parameter values of –2.8 for VFT and –2.3 for MYEGA are recommended.
Constitutive Modeling for Flow Stress Behavior of Nimonic 80A Superalloy During Hot Deformation Process
Authors: Gu Sendong , Zhang Liwen , Zhang Chi , Shen Wenfei
Published: April 2015

The hot deformation characteristics of nickel-based alloy Nimonic 80A were investigated by isothermal compression tests conducted in the temperature range of 1,000–1,200°C and the strain rate range of 0.01—5 s–1on a Gleeble-1500 thermomechanical simulator. In order to establish the constitutive models for dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior and flow stress of Nimonic 80A, the material constantsα,nand DRX activation energyQin the constitutive models were calculated by the regression analysis of the experimental data. The dependences of initial stress, saturation stress, steady-state stress, dynamic recovery (DRV) parameter, peak strain, critical strain and DRX grain size on deformation parameters were obtained. Then, the Avrami equation including the critical strain for DRX and the peak strain as a function of strain was established to describe the DRX volume fraction. Finally, the constitutive model for flow stress of Nimonic 80A was developed in DRV region and DRX region, respectively. The flow stress values predicted by the constitutive model are in good agreement with the experimental ones, which indicates that the constitutive model can give an accurate estimate for the flow stress of Nimonic 80A under the deformation conditions.
Effects of Sodium Citrate on the Ammonium Sulfate Recycled Leaching of Low-Grade Zinc Oxide Ores
Authors: Yang Kun , Li Shi-wei , Zhang Li-bo , Peng Jin-hui , Ma Ai-yuan , Wang Bao-bao
Published: April 2015

The effects of sodium citrate on ammonium sulfate recycled leaching of low-grade zinc oxide ores were studied. By applying various kinds of detection and analysis techniques such as chemical composition analysis, chemical phase method, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transforming infrared spectrum (FT-IR), zinc raw ore, its leaching slag and the functional mechanism of sodium citrate were investigated. Based on a comprehensive analysis, it can be concluded that in contrast to hemimorphite (Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O), amorphous smithsonite (ZnCO3) and zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4) prove to be refractory phases under ammonium sulfate leaching, while sodium citrate has a better chelating action with the refractory phases, resulting in a higher zinc leaching rate. Under conditions of [NH3]/[NH3]T molar ratio being 0.5, [NH3]T being 7.5 mol/L, [Na3C6H5O7] being 0.2 mol/L, S/L ratio being 1:5, temperature being 303 K, holding time being 1 h in each of the two stages, and stirring rate being 300 rpm, the leaching rate of zinc reached 93.4%. In this article, sulfate ammonium recycled technology also reveals its unique advantage in processing low-grade zinc oxide ores accompanied by high silicon and high alkaline gangue.
Sexist humor and social identity: the role of sexist humor in men’s in-group cohesion, sexual harassment, rape proclivity, and victim blame
Authors: Thomae Manuela , Pina Afroditi
Published: April 2015

Jokes have been recognized as ways in which negative attitudes and prejudice can be communicated and enacted in hidden ways (e.g.,
Supporting Family Cargivers / Unterstützung für pflegende Angehörige
Authors: Posch-Eliskases Ursula , Rungg Christine , Moosbrugger Markus , Perkhofer Susanne
Published: April 2015

Family caregivers suffer from stress due to the caregiving situation which is negatively associated with health. This review focuses on possibilities of support for the family caregivers. This review was performed by the use of the databases PubMed and PsychINFO with the following keywords in various combinations: stress, chronic stress, burden, family caregiving, family caregiver, coping, intervention. An exclusion criterion was infantile care recipient.

Our results indicate that knowledge, information and training for caregivers reduce stress. External advice by health care professionals, as well as the encouragement to focus on their own needs is experienced as helpful. Support can also be given via telephone helpline and/or the internet. Also direct communication with other caregivers reduces stress. A positive view on care needed in old age helps to bear the burden of caring for older adults. The effort of family caregivers should be more recognized as they play an important part in society. The Austrian Republic saves 2-3 billion € per year due to informal caregiving. Health professionals should identify family caregivers as a risk group and provide information on an interdisciplinary base. With the given advice, attention and support, the burden of the caregivers on the one hand and un-necessary costs on the other hand could be reduced.
Employed family caregivers in health care: from a logic of care to a logic of reconciliation / Berufstätige Angehörige im Gesundheitswesen: Von der Versorgungslogik zur Vereinbarkeitslogik
Authors: Bischofberger Iren , Holten Karin van
Published: April 2015

Introduction: In the context of illness, disability, and longevity, reconciliation of employment and family caregiving is evolving - in Switzerland termed „work & care“. Due to time, local, and personal restrictions, employed family caregivers need an organizational culture in health care which acknowledges their specific needs for reconciliation in order to remain employed and secure their financial situation.

Aim: To identify how organizational cultures in health care institutions influence reconciliation of employment and family caregiving.

Method: Within a larger study, case studies in three Swiss health care institutions were conducted within acute, long-term and homecare settings. Data triangulation included document analysis, expert interviews (N=13), field observations, and group discussions (N=5 each with 4-5 participants). The latter are focused in the analysis of this article.

Results: Three core categories are discussed: employed family caregivers providing care and receiving care, and how they are perceived physically present and absent, either employed or not employed. Employment of family caregivers was only marginally identified.

Discussion: Across all core categories, family caregivers are dominated by institutional rules in all care settings. This can foster or hinder reconciliation. Specific approaches, e. g. care coordination, enhance a sense of reconciliation within the health care system. Hence, health professionals can develop strategies that positively affect employment of family caregivers.

Conclusion: Health care institutions focus primarily on patients or residents. Thus, they follow predominantly a logic of care. This primacy should be complemented by a logic of reconciliation, in order to reinforce the lived reality of employed family caregivers.
Effect of Saraca asoca (Asoka) on estradiol-induced keratinizing metaplasia in rat uterus
Authors: Shahid Adangam Purath , Salini Sasidharan , Sasidharan Nanu , Padikkala Jose , Raghavamenon Achuthan Chathrattil , Babu Thekkekara Devassy
Published: April 2015

Background: Estrogen-mediated uterus endometrium instability is considered as one of the etiological factors in dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) and uterine cancer. Saraca asoca (Family: Fabaceae) and its fermented preparation, Asokarishta, are extensively used as uterine tonic to treat gynecological disorders in Ayurveda. The present study evaluated the effect of S. asoca (Asoka) on estrogen-induced endometrial thickening of rat uterus.

Methods: Endometrial thickening was induced by intraperitoneal injection of estradiol (20 μg/kg b.wt) to 8-day-old immature rats for alternate 5 days. Methanolic extract (200 mg/kg b. wt) from S. asoca bark was given orally along with estradiol. Uterus endometrial thickening was analyzed histopathologically and serum estrogen level by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) expression in rat uterus was also estimated by Western blot. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was analyzed by formalin- and carrageenan-elicited paw edema models in mouse.

Results: Uterus endometrium proliferation and keratinized metaplasia with seven to eight stratified epithelial layers on day 16 was observed in rats administered with estradiol. Treatment with S. asoca reduced the thickening to two to four layers and the serum estrogen level diminished significantly to 82.9±12.87 pg/mL compared to rats administered with estrogen alone (111.2±10.68 pg/mL). A reduction of formalin- and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mouse by S. asoca extract was observed. Lower level of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced COX-2 enzyme in rat uterus by the extract further confirms its anti-inflammatory activity.

Conclusions: Present study reveals the antiproliferative and antikeratinizing effects of S. asoca in uterus endometrium possibly through its anti-estrogenic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Vertical Marketing Systems, Supply Chains and the New Indicators of Retailing’s Significance
Authors: Segetlija Zdenko , Mesarić Josip , Dujak Davor
Published: April 2015

In modern vertical marketing systems (i.e., in grocery sector), the greatest power is demonstrated by retail chains, and producers depend thereupon. This paper analyzes vertical marketing systems and the role of retailing therein. Specially analyzed is the power of retail chains’ demand with regard to the entire supply chains they head, as well as the present-day new competition in retailing and modern business concepts related to the vertical marketing systems. Additionally, analyzed are also select indicators to examine the significance of retailing in an individual national economy. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the new indicators of significance of retailing in economy with regard to the realized GDP, as a component of value chains. These indicators complement the usual retailing significance analyses from the point of view of its share in the number of employees and the number of companies.

From the conducted analysis, one may conclude that the vertical marketing systems become increasingly important, and retailing assumes a new role in economy in that sense. Thus, new indicators of retailing significance might also be necessary.
The Reception of C. S.Lewis in Post-Communist Romania
Authors: Conţac Emanuel
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the circumstances surrounding the publication of the Romanian translations of C. S. Lewis’s best known works. In the first part, the author gives information about the Romanian authors who were acquainted with Lewis’s writings during Communism, when the translation and printing of books on religious topics was under the tight control of a totalitarian government. In spite of that control, two Lewis titles-The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Mere Christianity-which were translated in the US, were smuggled into Romania. The second part of this paper deals with the remarkably changed situation after the emergence of a new regime in 1990. Since then Lewis’s books have been published, often in multiple print runs, by secular as well as Christian publishers, with a total of 12 fiction and 13 non-fiction titles, indicating a wide popular reception of his work.
C.S. Lewis as Medievalist
Authors: Cooper Helen
Published: April 2015

C.S. Lewis’s life as an academic was concerned with the teaching of medieval and Renaissance literature, though both his lectures and his publications also incorporated his extensive knowledge of Greek and Latin classics. He argued that the cultural and intellectual history of Europe was divided into three main periods, the pre-Christian, the Christian and the post-Christian, which he treated as a matter of historical understanding and with no aim at proselytization: a position that none the less aroused some opposition following his inaugural lecture as professor at Cambridge. Ever since his childhood, his interest in the Middle Ages had been an imaginative rather than a purely scholarly one, and his main concern was to inculcate a sense of the beauty of that pre-modern thought world and its value-a concern that set him apart from the other schools of English language and literature dominant in his lifetime.
Deep Magic and Modern Magic
Authors: Ghivirigă Teodora
Published: April 2015

The paper discusses C. S. Lewis’ position on, and criticism of, magic vs. wisdom and the type of “fast” magic that the (post-)modern world has fallen prey to and ends by returning to the alternative that Lewis-and other writers such as his friend and contemporary J. R. R. Tolkien and more recent ones such as Tery Pratchett-suggest as a more propitious alternative.
Rooted Deep: Discovering the Literary Identity of Mythopoeic Fantasist George Macdonald
Authors: Jeffrey Johnson Kirstin
Published: April 2015

This paper is a conversational reassessment of George MacDonald, the Victorian fantasist who so profoundly shaped such writers as C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien. Primary research challenges the common portrayal of MacDonald as an accidental novelist, revealing instead his clear trajectory and vocation as a devoted literary scholar. Clarifying the definition of mythopoeic as applied by the Oxford Inklings to MacDonald draws attention to their conviction that attentive response to one’s literary roots is what engenders novel literature with transformative potential. Further research proves this to be in keeping with the work and legacy of MacDonald and his mentor A.J. Scott. An intentional participation in this relational nature of literary tradition is a crucial element of the work and legacy to which the Inklings and their successors are heirs.
C. S. Lewis and the Art of Reading: The Uses of Scholarship and the Pleasures of the Text
Authors: Kinzel Till
Published: April 2015

C. S. Lewis was one of the major scholars of literature in the 20thcentury. His contribution to the art of reading deserves a re-consideration and is therefore reconstructed and analysed in this paper. Topcis that are highlighted in this connection are the types of literary scholarship most useful to a proper understanding of old texts, the types of readers that exist, the controversies in which Lewis engaged concerning the interpretation of Milton, the importance of philological knowledge for literary scholars as well as the pitfalls of literary criticism. In many respects, C. S. Lewis is at odds with currently fashionable approaches to literature-and thus provides a welcome challenge to dominant paradigms of reading texts.
Preparation of iron oxide nanocatalysts and application in the liquid phase oxidation of benzene
Authors: Lokhat David , Oliver Mike , Carsky Milan
Published: April 2015

A series of iron oxide nanocatalysts were prepared using an ultrasonically assisted co-precipitation technique. Molybdenum promoted Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 were prepared from the original materials by wet impregnation using a solution of ammonium molybdate. The catalysts were tested in the liquid phase oxidation of benzene at atmospheric pressure and at 60°C using molecular oxygen. Phenol yields between 7% and 14.5% were obtained. The major products were pyrogallol and catechol.
Ethanol oxidation reaction at Pd-modified nickel foam obtained by PVD method
Authors: Mikołajczyk Tomasz , Turemko Marcin , Pierożyński Bogusław
Published: April 2015

In this study, palladium-modified nickel foam substrate was applied to examine ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in 0.1 M NaOH supporting solution. An EOR catalyst was prepared by physical vapour deposition (PVD) of palladium onto Ni foam material. Temperature-dependent kinetics of the EOR were studied over the temperature range: 20-60°C by means of a.c. impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Deposition of a noble metal additive was clearly exposed through scanning electron microscopy: SEM/EDX-supported analysis. Most importantly, this work investigated the effect of pre-deposited fullerene on nickel foam, on the catalytic (EOR) properties of such-produced Ni foam/Pd composite material.
Current distribution of the Rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Poland
Authors: Michalcewicz Jakub , Ciach Michał
Published: April 2015

The former range of the Rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina in Poland probably overlapped with the range of the European beech Fagus sylvatica. In the 20thcentury, the species was recorded in the following parts of Poland: the Carpathians (almost the entire range), the Świętokrzyskie Mountains, the Roztocze Upland, Lower Silesia, and the northern and northwestern parts of the country. Although the Rosalia longicorn appears to have regressed in the countries of central Europe, the current population trend of this species in Poland is not known. This study presents data on the distribution of the Rosalia longicorn in Poland in 2000-2013 and defines its current distribution and range. A total of 210 sites of the Rosalia longicorn were identified, situated in 42 UTM squares (10x10 km). The total area of the species’ occurrence (maximum convex polygon) was 3334 km2and the effectively used area was 1877 km2. The Rosalia longicorn has withdrawn from most of its former sites in Poland and at present occurs only in parts of the Carpathians. Its continuous distribution range comprises the Bieszczady Zachodnie and Beskid Niski Mountains. Scattered and less abundant sites occur in the Beskid Sądecki, Pieniny Mountains and Sanok-Turka Mountains. At present, therefore, the species’ range of occurrence in Poland is significantly smaller than that recorded in the 20thcentury. The median nearest neighbour distance between sites was 1023 m (mean = 1640 m ±1702 SD, range 502-10870 m). Those situated on the peripheries of the range are thinly scattered, and the distance between them is probably too large to allow free movement of the species. This can disrupt the current range and lead to the formation of isolated sites (islands) along its peripheries, from which the Rosalia longicorn may gradually disappear. Such a development could cause its total extinction. The current distribution of the Rosalia longicorn in the Carpathians suggests that certain detrimental processes are taking place in the population, demonstrating that the species’ extinction in Poland is ongoing.
Has Aeshna viridis EVERSMANN, 1836 (Odonata: Aeshnidae) really disappeared from southern Poland (East-Central Europe)?
Authors: Buczyński Paweł , Górka Maciej , Buczyńska Edyta
Published: April 2015

50-100 years ago the southern boundary of the distribution area of Aeshna viridis ran through southern Poland. However, no records of this species from this area have been reported since then. The species is therefore considered as having retreated northwards. The present research disclosed three new sites of A. viridis on the edge of or just beyond its historical distribution area: one in south-western Poland (Trestno: 51°04’N, 17º08’E) and two in the south-east of the country (Krasiczyn: 49º46’N, 22º38’E, Bolestraszyce: 49º49’N, 22º51’E). All the sites were anthropogenic. This demonstrates the survival of a number of populations and the formation of new ones in water bodies formed de novo or to which Stratiotes aloides was introduced artificially. This suggests that the conservation of A. viridis is possible in this region.
A study on the printability properties of alkali-sized recycled papers
Authors: Aydemir Cem
Published: April 2015

Recycled handsheets were prepared from old newspapers and old office papers with internal sizing applications of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) emulsion at 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% addition levels as received basis. Handsheets made at 80 g/m2 were air dried and oven dried as placed in drying rings followed by conditioning prior to testing. The contact angle, surface energy and drop volume changes of handsheets were carefully measured as well as used some offset printing applications. Freeness levels of pulp from newspapers and office papers were measured to be 65 and 45 SR°, respectively. It was confirmed that AKD sizing improved paper resistance against water and printing ink, and this was further improved with oven drying. Contact angle values obtained from oven-dried office papers and newspapers were in the range of 105°–95° and 85°–75°, respectively. Without drying, lowest contact angles from newspapers and office papers were recorded to be around 72° and 37°, respectively. Results were in agreement with surface energy values of samples which were around 60 mJ/m2 for air-dried samples and over 30 mJ/m2 for oven-dried handsheets. It was concluded that sizing actually improves print quality but may also increase colour change differences over time as represented by ΔE.
Identification of delamination defects through covariance of energy change: numerical modeling
Authors: Bruhschwein Taylor , Yang Mijia
Published: April 2015

Delamination is currently a difficult detectable form of damage in composite laminate materials. This paper presents a method to more easily detect delamination damage within composite materials using finite element analysis modeling, through the covariance of energy change. Lamb waves were introduced and recorded through an actuator and sensors made of piezoelectric material. The data were then analyzed through the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Using the data from the FFT, the idea of covariance of energy change was suggested to correlate with defect characteristics. By comparing the covariance of energy change in beams with different delamination sizes, thicknesses, and depths, correlations between the covariance of energy loss and defect characteristics were able to be developed. With these correlations, the severity of these damages was able to be quantified.
Are There Any Active Rock Glaciers in the Tatra Mountains?
Authors: Kędzia Stanisław
Published: April 2015

Research on rock glaciers have been conducted in the Tatra Mountains for about 100 years. About 30 years ago, there were papers suggesting that part of the Tatra rock glaciers was formed during the Little Ice Age. About 20 years ago, permafrost was discovered in the mountains. This discovery marked the beginning of research on the activity of rock glaciers. Ten years ago, a study was carried out on the rock glacier near the Velké Hincovo Pleso lake, which excluded any activity of this glacier in the last few hundred years, despite the high probability of the existence of permafrost in it. The following paper presents the results of lichenometric dating conducted for the activity of rock glaciers in the Świstówka Roztocka and the Buczynowa valleys.
Late Cenozoic Tectonic Activity of the Śnieżnik Massif Area (Sudetes, Sw Poland)in the Light of Lidar Dem Morphometric Analysis
Authors: Sobczyk Artur , Kasprzak Marek
Published: April 2015

Śnieżnik Massif represents a prominent morphological feature in the East Sudetes, which is bounded by a system of faults controlling its differential uplift. Vertical movements originated at least during the Oligocene times, with culmination phase in Pliocene times, whereas estimated total uplift was in the range of 500-1000 meters. This study presents a qualitative (geomorphometric) and quantitative (morphotectonic) approach that combines Late Cenozoic tectonic uplift model with landscape evolution theories. Application of basin asymmetry factor (AF) and hypsometric integral (Hi) analyses allowed recognizing a NW trending tilted fault blocks. They originated as a result of Palaeogene planation surface braking and differential uplift. Uplift and later fault-block tilting in the Śnieżnik Massif morphotectonic unit, were generally realized along NE-SW striking Wilkanow fault to the west and WNW-ESE striking southern fault zone, as expressed here e.g. by Potoczek-Branna, Herˇmranice and Pisary faults.
Music and People with Tendencies to Depression
Authors: Garrido Sandra , Schubert Emery
Published: April 2015

Depression is often associated with a reduced motivation to engage in behavior that will improve one’s mood. This paper presents a study in which 175 university students listened to a self-selected piece of music on Youtube that made them sad. Post- and pre-listening scores of depressed mood on the Profile of Mood States (POMS) were taken, as were measures of rumination and scores on the Like Sad Music Scale (LSMS). Results indicate that listening to sad music via this medium can significantly increase feelings of depression in people with a tendency to depression (as suggested by high rumination scores). Furthermore, people with a tendency to depression demonstrate a liking for such music despite the potentially unhealthy consequences of listening to it.
Experiments on the Relationship between Perde and Seyir in Turkish Makam Music
Authors: Akkoç Can , Sethares William A. , Karaosmanoğlu M. Kemal
Published: April 2015

“When I was a kid, the elders in the village could tell the makam of a piece just by listening.” While interviewing performers, enthusiasts, and experts in traditional Turkish taksims (improvisations), variations of this comment were made many times. Some of the respondents claimed to be able to identify the makam of a taksim, but others believed that this ability might now be a lost art. This paper documents a series of experiments (based on caricaturized or skeletonized taksim-like creations) designed to determine if it is possible to identify the makam from purely acoustical features, and, when possible, to determine the relative importance of the various audible features that may be used to establish the makam. Two basic classes of features are investigated: perde (the set of pitches used in the performance) and seyir (which relates to temporal motion within the piece, for instance, repetitive or common motives or melodic contour). The experiments provide evidence that both kinds of features contribute to the ability to recognize makams. Experiments that randomize the order of events show that pitch cues (perde) are often adequate to allow accurate identification of the makam. In experiments where both pitch and temporal cues are present but conflict (for example, a piece in which the perde is chosen from one makam and the seyir from another), experts often favor the temporal information.
The Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse
Authors: Christian Cindy W. ,   COMMITTEE ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT
Published: April 2015

Child physical abuse is an important cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality and is associated with major physical and mental health problems that can extend into adulthood. Pediatricians are in a unique position to identify and prevent child abuse, and this clinical report provides guidance to the practitioner regarding indicators and evaluation of suspected physical abuse of children. The role of the physician may include identifying abused children with suspicious injuries who present for care, reporting suspected abuse to the child protection agency for investigation, supporting families who are affected by child abuse, coordinating with other professionals and community agencies to provide immediate and long-term treatment to victimized children, providing court testimony when necessary, providing preventive care and anticipatory guidance in the office, and advocating for policies and programs that support families and protect vulnerable children.
Phenotypic differentiation of Barilius bendelisis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in four rivers from Central Indian Himalaya
Authors: Iqbal Mir Javaid , Saxena Neha , Singh Patiyal Rabindar , Kumari Sahoo Prabhati
Published: April 2015

Barilius bendelisis, commonly known as Indian Hill Trout is an upland water fish of South East Asia. It belongs to the family Cyprinidae and dwells in shallow, clear and cold water. In this study, the intraspecific variation of Barilius bendelisis, on the basis of morphometric characters, was investigated. Altogether, 402 specimens were collected from four rivers in the Central Indian Himalaya. A truss network was constructed by interconnecting 12 landmarks to yield 30 distance variables that were extracted from digital images of specimens using tpsDig2 and PAST software. Allometric transformed truss measurements were subjected to univariate analysis of variance, factor analysis and discriminant analysis. All variables exhibited significant differences between the populations. Altogether 88% of the specimens were classified into their original populations (81.98% under a ‘leave-one-out’ procedure). With factor analysis measurements of the head region, the middle portion and the caudal region had high loadings on the first and second axis. The results indicated that B. bendelisis has significant phenotypic heterogeneity between the geographically isolated regions of Central Indian Himalaya. We hypothesize that the marked interspecific variation in B. bendelisis is the result of local ecological conditions.
Life-stages, exploitation status and habitat use of the Gorean snapper, Lutjanus goreensis ( Perciformes : Lutjanidae) from comparative length - frequency distributions in a mangrove - poor tidal creek and coastal marine environments of Lagos, South -
Authors: Fakoya Kafayat A. , Anetekhai Martins A. , Akintola Shehu L. , Saba Abdulwakil O. , Abass Mikhail A.
Published: April 2015

The Gorean snapper, Lutjanus goreensis is an important component of artisanal fisheries and trawl landings in the Gulf of Guinea. Despite its economic importance, there is a dearth of information on size structure and life history strategies of the species. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to provide baseline data on the life stages, exploitation status and habitat use for the species in Nigeria. Monthly samples were obtained from artisanal and trawl catches in Five Cowrie Creek and Lagos coastal waters between December 2008 and December 2010, respectively. Length-frequency distributions of the fishes caught were analysed to provide preliminary information on mean and modal lengths at capture and life - history strategies based on habitat use and estuarine-dependency for L. goreensis. A total of 822 specimens of L. goreensis were collected from Five Cowrie Creek, while 377 specimens were collected from Lagos coastal waters. Total length varied between 7.90-34.90cm for estuarine samples and from 21.90-56.10cm for marine samples. Length-frequency histograms showed polymodal size distributions in estuarine and marine samples. Length-frequency distributions of L. goreensis showed a high abundance of juveniles (<20cm) and sub-adults (20-35cm) which accounted for 84.1% and 68.4% of estuarine and marine samples examined, respectively. For the estuarine samples, fish in modal length class of 13.00-13.99cm were the most exploited while in marine samples, length classes of 29.00-30.99cm and 31.00-32.99cm constituted the most frequently exploited fishes. Increase in total lengths from the creek (mean±SD; 16.19±3.73cm) to the marine habitat (32.89±6.14cm) indicated ontogenetic shift in habitat use. Occurrence of a predominant juvenile population in Five Cowrie Creek by L. goreensis suggests estuarine-dependency and is indicative of a temporary juvenile habitat or a migratory corridor. In conclusions, data from the presently reported study and previous studies demonstrated that juvenile L. goreensis displays estuarine dependency and habitat flexibility. Hence, this underscores the importance of preserving estuarine environments as essential fish habitats to prevent overfishing. The study also concludes that the species is vulnerable to recruitment overfishing in the marine environment especially as a consequence of shrimping. Consequently, it advocates for ban on all fishing activities during peak spawning periods in breeding grounds and shrimp ground assemblage.
Discurso de aceptación del Premio Biología Tropical 2014
Authors: Vaughan Christopher
Published: April 2015

Agradezco profundamente a la Revista de Biología Tropical y a la Universidad de Costa Rica por hacerme entrega del Premio de Biología Tropical-2014. Es un honor recibir tan alta distinción, otorgada por esta revista de difusión y renombre mundiales, la cual tiene además el mérito de publicarse ininterrumpidamente desde el aĖo de 1953. Ha sido un enorme privilegio para mí, mis colegas, asistentes y estudiantes, haber podido publicar en ella el resultado de nuestros estudios, desde al menos el año de 1987.
Poblaciones de Copernicia tectorum (Arecaceae) en las tierras bajas del Caribe de Colombia: una palma pionera expuesta a la dinámica de un río
Authors: Torres Claudia , Galeano Gloria , Bernal Rodrigo
Published: April 2015

Copernicia tectorum is a palm that grows in large populations on seasonally flooded savannas in the Caribbean region of Colombia, where its stems and expanded leaves are used in construction, and its unexpanded leaves are used to make handicrafts. We studied abundance and population structure in 34 plots of 20×10m (0.68 ha) of three localities (Plato, Córdoba and Magangué) at the Mompox Depression, an inner delta formed by the confluence of four large rivers. We recorded growth and mortality of 164 palms of different size classes over 13 months, and additionally we estimated seedling and juvenile mortality in two 10x10m plots within the same sites. Data analysis using Kolgomorov-Smirnov (KS), Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were made on Statgraphics Plus and SPSS. We related the structure and dynamics of the palm stands to flood intensity. Copernicia tectorum has the fastest leaf production rate recorded for any palm (19-23 leaves/year in subadults and adults), and a short life span of ca. 46 years. The abundance, density and high leaf production rate of this palm offers a great potential for the sustainable use of its unexpanded leaves (especially at Plato, where there are ca. 480ha of palm stands with 300-1 000 individuals/ha), as leaf harvest from subadult and adult individuals does not appear to affect population structure. The palm is a pioneer of the flood plain, and the palm stands at particular sites appear to wax and wane following sedimentation dynamics, in which the species plays in important role. Current population structure and the scarce recruitment of juveniles at the study site suggest that the population is waning in that site. Management actions should be taken to reestablish natural river dynamics at the lagoon complex where the palm grows. Appropriate management of palm stands may contribute to minimize any negative effects of river dynamics.

 
Calicinal trichomes of Adenocalymma magnificum (Bignoniaceae) producing lipophilic substances: ultrastructural and functional aspects
Authors: Serra Gama Thália Do Socorro , Demarco Diego , Andrade de Aguiar-Dias Ana Cristina
Published: April 2015

Plant structures that secrete lipids and phenolic compounds are often associated with the protection and development of organs against desiccation, in addition to the protection they provide against animals, as the capitate trichomes of Adenocalymma magnificum. Understanding the glandular activities that occur in these trichomes has required the study of their ontogeny, structure, ultrastructure and histochemical aspects; the interpretation of their ecological functions or evolutionary history is complicated by the scarcity of reports on calicinal trichomes that are not nectar-secreting. Samples of floral calyx in anthesis and flower buds at different stages of development were fixed and processed according to the methods for light and electron microscopy. The trichomes are randomly distributed throughout the entire inner surface of the calyx and are also visible on the flower buds. These capitate glandular trichomes were composed of a peduncle, having up to nine cells, and a multicellular secretory head with their cells in columnar format and arranged in disc form. The collar cell, which is under the secretory head, divides anticlinally and arranges itself side by side with the mother cell. As they develop, they bend with some of them becoming adpressed to the calyx. Histochemical tests indicate that the secretory head cells produce lipid substances, acidic lipids and phenolic compounds. In the secretory head, the vacuome is dispersed and the cytoplasm possesses a great number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and leucoplasts, organelles involved in the production of osmiophilic substances. In some regions of the secretory cells, cuticle detachment was observed; however, the accumulation of secretions was not observed. This study describes, for the first time, the origin, development, and secretion process of the calicinal trichomes of Adenocalymma magnificum, showing that production of lipophilic substances is important for this plant, possibly the trichomes may be involved in the plant’s chemical defense against insects, offering protection against herbivores.
INDICE Y CREDITOS
Authors: Biología Tropical Revista de
Published: April 2015

Tabla de contenidos

Créditos del fascículo
Low, T. 2014. Where Song Began: Australia’s birds and how they changed the world. Melbourne, Australia: Viking
Authors: Monge-Nájera Julián
Published: April 2015

 In Where Song Began , Tim Low tells us

that he decided to write the book because of

one opposite of song: silence ; the silence of

the ornithological community about the recent

revolution in our understanding of birds.

For most of the Twentieth Century, it was

believed that birds originated in Europe. There

was good reason for this: the oldest known bird,

which looked much like a dinosaur, is Archaeopteryx

lithographica , described by Meyer in

1861. It lived in Germany during the Jurassic,

150 million years ago and no older, uncontestable

bird fossils have ever been found.
Light Emitting Diodes in the Experimental Practice for the Characterization of Novel Photovoltaics
Authors: Pravettoni Mauro , Manni Loris , Dittmann Sebastian
Published: April 2015

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have recently gained importance in the experimental practice of photovoltaic (PV) devices. LEDs have already been proposed as the alternative to conventional xenon or halogen based solar simulators. Multi-junction PV devices use coloured LEDs in experimental tools as well: LEDs can transform a conventional solar simulator in a spectrally adjustable simulator for spectral characterization of multi-junction modules. Other useful applications include evaluating the dependence of the electrical parameters on the average photon energy and spectral responsivity measurements of multi-junction PV devices.
Effects of Thermal Treatment on the Co-rolled U-Mo Fuel Foils
Authors: Jue Jan-Fong , Keiser Dennis D. , Trowbridge Tammy L. , Breckenridge Cynthia R. , Mackowiak Brady L. , Moore Glenn A. , Rabin Barry H. , Meyer Mitchell K.
Published: April 2015

A monolithic fuel design based on U–Mo alloy has been selected as the fuel type for conversion of United States’ high-performance research reactors (USHPRRs) from highly enriched uranium (HEU) to low-enriched uranium (LEU). In this fuel design, a thin layer of zirconium is used to eliminate the direct interaction between the U–Mo fuel meat and the aluminum-alloy cladding during irradiation. The co-rolling process used to bond the Zr barrier layer to the U–Mo foil during fabrication alters the microstructure of both the U–10Mo fuel meat and the U–Mo/Zr interface. This work studied the effects of post-rolling annealing treatment on the microstructure of the co-rolled U–Mo fuel meat and the U–Mo/Zr interaction layer. The U–Mo/Zr interaction-layer thickness increased with the annealing temperature with an Arrhenius constant for growth of 184kJ/mole, consistent with a previous diffusion-couple study. The phases in the U–Mo/Zr interaction layer produced by co-rolling, however, differ from those reported in the previous diffusion-couple study.