bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODELLING A CLT SPECIMEN PROTECTED WITH GYPSUM EXPOSED TO PARAMETRIC FIRE CURVE HEAT FLUX
Authors: MAKOVICKA OSVALDOVA LINDA , MAGDOLENOVA PAULINA , MARKERT FRANK , ZELINKA SAMUEL L. , ENOKSEN LOUISE FREDERIKKE , KLINT MALTHE
Published: April 2022

This paper models bench-scale experiments using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The experiments measured the temperature profiles of fire-protectedcross laminated timber (CLT) specimens exposed to parametric fire curve. The bench-scale experiment specimen is 250 x 250 mm and consists of a CLT panel 100 mm with three layers of gypsum plasterboard 15.5 mm as thermal and fire insulation The specimens were exposed to a heat flux generated by aheat-transfer rate inducing system (H-TRIS) device. Two numerical models were created in order to copy the experiment conditions, one by using basic modelling techniques and one using advanced method. Comparing the layer temperature values of the experiment and basic model, a great difference was found. The difference between experimental and model temperatures increases the closer the analysed layer is to the heat source. The results show a good agreement between the model and the experiments, especially for the advanced numerical model.
EFFECT OF WOOD FLOUR CONTENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF FLAT PRESSED WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES
Authors: DURMAZ SEFA
Published: April 2022

This study focused on the effect of wood flour content on some mechanical and physical properties of flat pressed wood plastic composites (WPC). The results revealed changes in thewood flour content affected the density of flat pressed WPC. Moreover, as exposure time increased, water absorption values were increased. The changes in the wood flour content considerably affected the mechanical properties of WPC. The decrease in the flexural strength reached up to 58%, while it was 61% for tensile strength. However, modulus of elasticity increased with increasing wood flour content. Meanwhile, the decrease was inevitable for screw withdrawal strength, where the increase in wood flour content resulted in a reduction of up to 50%. It was clearly determined that wood flour content above 60% evidently affects thephysical and mechanical properties of flat pressed WPC, which should be considered in theutilization areas where high mechanical properties are critical.
STUDY ON THERMAL COMFORT OF WOOD TABLETOP MATERIALS
Authors: JUE BAI , HUIYUAN GUAN
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the contact temperature and thermal comfort when the upper extremity touches a wooden table top, and to seek an efficient accurate simulation device instead of human testing. Therefore, three parts of this paper were conducted. First, 20 subjects were selected for the temperature test experiment. Secondly, theperceptual thermal comfort evaluation was quantified by recording the thermal comfort evaluation at aspecific moment. Finally, a device was developed to replace the human forearm for upper limb thermal comfort study. The results show that the ambient temperature, type and thickness of material all have significant effects on the local contact temperature. Interms of thermal comfort evaluation, the correlation between temperature and thermal comfort was significant. The simulation device in the study is not only simple to operate, but also can continuously and stably replace the heat transfer process of the upper limb.
METHODS OF PREPARATION OF NANOFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE FOR SPECIAL FILTER PAPERS WITH EFFECTIVE AIR FILTRATION. SHORT NOTES
Authors: HALAJ MICHAL , BOHÁČEK ŠTEFAN , PAŽITNÝ ANDREJ , STANKOVSKÁ MONIKA , RUSS ALBERT
Published: April 2022

Nanofibrillated cellulose was prepared from distillery refuse based on maize starch using the extraction with NaOH and HCl involving centrifugation. SEM images of bleached kraft pulp with/without the addition of nanofibrillated cellulose were compared. Theresults showed that the application of nanofibrillated cellulose caused a visible reduction in the surface porosity. Conversely, mixing of the pulp with the nanofibrillated cellulose resulted in large pores among the fibres. The effect of the cationic retention aid on porosity was not significant, observed in the fines retention. A minimal difference in porosity was found among of fine and coarse fibres.When lyophilisationas drying method was used it yielded nanofibrillated cellulose with a size in the range of approximately 100 to 150 nm.
COVID Impact on Functional Status of Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Jamil Anam , Gul Kainat , Imran Rania , Shahid Rimsha , Mustafa Muhammad , Shakeel Madiha , Syed Jaweria
Published: April 2022

Originating with unexplained symptoms from Wuhan, city of China, COVID-19 being a global pandemic causing tremendous morbidity and mortality, has proved to be the biggest challenge of the 20th century. This study aimed to explore the functional impacts of COVID-19 upon those patients who were diagnosed with this disease and were admitted in hospitals. This cross-sectional survey included 183 COVID-19 diagnosed patients from COVID-19 isolation wards of public and private hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. After getting ethical permission from Institutional Review Board of Shifa International Hospital (Ref # 070-21), this survey was conducted for the time period of 6 months from December 2020 to May 2021. Through convenient sampling, 183 patients with the age range of 25 to 55 years with no already diagnosed psychological complaints were assessed for eligibility briefed regarding the study purpose and then were asked for their voluntary participation. The Functional Status Scale for the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) was used to assess the functional status impacted due to COVID-19 during hospitalization. Frequencies and percentages were calculated through SPSS-21. On FSS-ICU, out of 183 COVID-19, 11 (6%) patients reported that they were dependent, 18 (9.8%) required maximum assistance, 32 (17.5%) required moderate assistance, 27 (14.8%) required minimal, 24 (13.1%) required supervision to complete their tasks, 28 (15.3%) required assistive devices, whereas 43 (23.5%) were totally independent. Results indicated a temporal impact of COVID-19 upon functional status of hospitalized patients in intensive care units, therefore highlighting the need of physiotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic interventions.
Acromegaly without acral anomalies
Authors:   “C.I. Parhon“ National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania, CARSOTE Mara ,   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, SANDRU Florica ,   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Elias Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, RENTEA Diana Elena ,   “C.I. Parhon“ National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania, MEHEDINTU Claudia ,   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   “Nicolae Malaxa“ Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, ZUGRAVU Stefania ,   “C.I. Parhon“ National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania, CHIRITA Corina ,   MedicZone Clinic, Bucharest, Romania, DUMITRASCU Mihai Cristian ,   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: April 2022

Early recognition of a pituitary secretor tumor offers a better prognostic; thus acromegaly might be recognized before the actual clinical picture of acromegaly is detectable. This is a 59-year old, non-smoking female admitted for: post-operatory evaluation of acromegaly. The clinical evaluation is non-specific. One year prior she was diagnosed with acromegaly based on cerebral imaging assessment due to intermittent headache. She was treated with cabergoline a few months before neurosurgery was done; post-operatory panel showed complete remission of acromegaly. Prompt detection of the disease allowed the early intervention with a very good outcome. The remission of GH excess after neurosurgery depends on tumor size and practical experience of the surgeon. The longer time of high growth hormone levels exposure the higher is the risk of cardio-metabolic and oncologic complications.
STATINS IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: Alyavi A. L. , Kenjaev S. R. , Alimov D. A. , Kenjaev M. L. , Rakhimova R. A. , Koyirov A. K. , Mirmaksudov M. S.
Published: April 2022

This review article provides results of recent studies (ARMYDA, NAPLES II, MIRACL, ARMYDA-ACS, JUPITER, LUNAR) with the use of inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase (statins) in patients with acute coronary syndrome and patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Based on the results of these clinical and experimental studies, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory and various other pleiotropic effects of statin therapy in acute forms of coronary heart disease have been proved. Also, the authors presented the main results and conclusions on the studies conducted in our center to study the effect of statins on the stunned myocardium, reperfusion injury of the myocardium in acute myocardial infarction.
Sub-lethal effect of Round-up (a glyphosate-based herbicide) on juve-niles of African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Ukaegbu Michael Chidi , Adeoye O.Olatunde  , Patricia O. Iheme  , Clementina Uwa
Published: April 2022

Herbicides have, no doubt, increased crop yields by killing different types of weeds, however, rainfall and irrigation can wash herbicides from sites of application into the water system. Fish has an important role in the food chain; therefore, investigation of the effects of Round-up on fish has a diag-nostic significance in evaluation of adverse effect of herbicides to human health. The sub-lethal effects of Round-up herbicide on juveniles of an Afri-can catfish Clarias gariepinus was investigated under laboratory conditions. The herbicide caused mortality of fish in a concentration dependent manner for the duration of exposure to acute concentrations (LC5O) of the herbicides for 96hrs.The lethal concentration (LC5O) value of glyphosate was gotten to be 0.560mg/1 for 96hr of exposure using Probit analysis. For the sub-lethal assay, standard haematological procedures were adopted to evaluate the blood parameters. There was significant reduction (p<0.05) in WBC, HGC, RBC, Lymphocyte and Monocyte in order of concentrations with respect to the control. There was also a significance increase (P<0.05) in MCV, MCH, MCHC and Platelet in order of concentration with respect to the control. The results of the biochemical properties showed that the level of total protein, glucose and total cholesterol were elevated with increase in concentration on exposure period of 8weeks compared to the control experiment(P<0.05). This clearly shows that the values were dose-dependent. The result from this study shows that Round-up has a toxic effect on C. gariepinus. This toxicity can end up in humans through the food chain.
Study of the haemocytic parameters of cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) post stimulation with bacterial spores
Authors: Chowdhury Dr. Suchandra , Bhukta Samhati
Published: April 2022

Haemocytes and haemolymph are the major mediators of immunity in cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). The six different types of haemocytes reported are prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular haemocytes, oenocytoids, spherules and adipohaemocytes. These cells have their own structural and functional uniqueness. In this study, we injected cockroaches with bacterial spores and compared the number and size of the haemocytes in control and inoculated populations. The number of viable haemocytes in the inoculated population was less than that in control. There was a significant increase in the number and size of plasmatocytes in the immunized cockroaches. The adipohaemocytes also showed increase in size in the inoculated population. Both plasmatocytes and adipohaemocytes exhibit phagocytic activity. Additionally, more production of superoxide anions in the haemocytes of inoculated cockroaches are indicative of increased phagocytosis. We also report a change in protein profile of haemolymph of the injected cockroaches. The heightened activity of few haemocytes and bio-molecules in the immunized cockroaches, hint towards an activated cellular and humoral immune response due to inoculation. Together, these findings re-establish the fact that the invertebrate immune system responds variably to antigenic challenge.
Physico-chemical and bacteriological qualitative study of Mediterranean coastal swimming seas
Authors: EL-HACHEMI Mohammed Fayçal , Merzouk Yamina  , Gourari Imene  , Hachemi Kaouter  , Ayat Mohamed
Published: April 2022

The beaches of Oran are among the busiest in Algeria. However these beaches are exposed to multiple dangers in particular to pollution which poses serious problems and which can also hinder any proper use of the sea.This paper is an assessment of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of some beaches where swimming is allowed along the Oranese coast in Algeria, specifically the Kristel Beach and the beach of Les Andalouses seaside resort. Fecal streptococci are normal hosts of the intestine of humans and warm-blooded animals. Research concerning them associated with that of fecal coliforms is a good indication of fecal contamination. Their presence indicates long term contamination of fecal origin while the presence of fecal coliforms indicates a contamination of recent fecal origin. This is why it may become necessary to proceed to the confirmation stage to detect the presence of E. Coli, which is in fact the real indicator sought in this context, through the necessary use of E. Coli specific culture media.The results obtained show a slight difference between the two sites as the beach of Les Andalouses is a bit more polluted compared to that of Kristel. Still, both beaches remain of good quality with regard to national and international standards.
Lactose consumption in whey by new Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from Camel milk
Authors: BOUKEZZOULA Nawal , CHAALEL Malik , TEFIANI Choukri , RIAZI Ali
Published: April 2022

Lactic acid bacteria have a wide range of applications in fermented food industry that can ferment carbohydrates to produce lactic acid. These bacteria have the particularity of having in their enzymatic baggage a particular enzyme, which is β-galactosidase, capable of degrading lactose and splitting it into galactose and glucose. The aim of present research was to select and investigate through some Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from camel milks from the Algerian Sahara, those most active in the degradation of lactose contained in whey from local manufacturing plant soft cheeses called camembert (Sidi Saada Relizane, Algeria). Results showed that among the eight isolated strains, four strains showed an interesting rates of consumption of lactose contained in whey, and which are in decreasing order P3, P8, P6 and P5, corresponding respectively to the percentages of 29.12, 28.82, 25.72 and 21.19%. Kinetic behaviors of five Lactobacillus strains were investigated with Contois model, data showed that the highest biomass production was obtained with the strain Lactobacillus P3 with 0.09 g g−1, followed by P2 and P6 with 0.08 g g−1, then followed by P8 and P5 with 0.07 g g−1. Whereas the rest of the strains, they appears to have a lower biomass production compared to others in decreasing order: P1 (0.06 g g−1), P4 and P7 (0.05 g g−1). These results reflect the capacity of these strains as well as their strong lactose degradation activity, this property would be important in particular for the use and possible exploitation of its strains in food industry, in particular dairy products, in order to in the recovery of whey which constitute a major waste from the dairy industry, which minimizes the risk of pollution. These strains can also be used in food products containing a low level of lactose, which will be intended for consumer suffering from lactose intolerance.
Comparison of Two Methods for Calculating Magnetic Helicity in the Solar Corona
Authors: Wang Quan , Yang Shangbin , Zhang Mei , Yang Xiao
Published: April 2022

Duo to the large magnetic Reynolds number, the magnetic helicity originating from the solar interior can be carried away through the photosphere into the corona. However, the relationship between the accumulated magnetic helicity flux through the photosphere and the magnetic helicity in the corona is still unclear. By selecting 36 newly emerging active regions in the 23rd solar cycle, we apply optical flow methods to derive the accumulated magnetic helicity through the photosphere (H

m

p
) by using the sequential longitudinal magnetograms, we use nonlinear force-free field extrapolation to obtain the 3D coronal magnetic field, and we adopt finite volume methods to calculate the instantaneous relative magnetic helicity in the corona (H

m

c
) by using vector magnetograms. It is found that the local correlation tracking (LCT)–based H

m

p
is larger than H

m

c
in 1″, and that the Differential Affine Velocity Estimator–based H

m

p
is more consistent with H

m

c
than the LCT-based H

m

p
. H

m

p
is more consistent with H

m

c
in evaluation from 2″ than from 1″. Moreover,

H

m

c

−

H

m

p

systematically shows consistency with the Hemispheric Helicity Rule (over 55%), no matter which resolution and method are used. These estimations suggest that the consistency of H

m

c
and H

m

p
is partly dependent on the resolution of the magnetograms and the calculation methods.
The Metallicity Distribution Function in Outer Halo Fields of Simulated Elliptical Galaxies Compared to Observations of NGC 5128
Authors: Choi Ena , Ostriker Jeremiah P. , Hirschmann Michaela , Somerville Rachel S. , Naab Thorsten
Published: April 2022

Stellar metallicity distribution functions (MDFs) have been measured for resolved stellar populations in the outer halos of many galaxies in nearby groups. Among them, the MDF of NGC 5128, the central giant elliptical in the Centaurus group, provides essential constraints for theories of massive galaxy formation and hierarchical assembly. To investigate the formation and chemical evolution history of the outer halo of giant elliptical galaxies, we examine the chemical properties of three zoom-in high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of an NGC 5128–like giant elliptical galaxy and compare their outer halo MDFs to the observed one of NGC 5128. Even though the simulated galaxies have different merging histories and age distributions, all predicted MDFs are in good qualitative agreement with the observed one. The median metallicity of the simulated galaxies is, on average, [M/H] = −0.41 ± 0.06 compared to the observed value of [M/H] = −0.38 ± 0.02 for NGC 5128, and the dispersion in metallicity is ∼0.77 dex for both observed and simulated galaxies. We investigate the origin of the stars ending up in the outer halo field of simulated galaxies and show that most have an “accreted” origin, formed in other small galaxies and later accreted in mergers. Only ∼15% of the stars are formed in situ within the main progenitor of the galaxy and radially migrate outward. We show that the contribution of metal-rich in situ stars is subdominant in the outer halos of our simulated galaxies but can be prominent in the inner regions.
Photometric Signature of Ultraharmonic Resonances in Barred Galaxies
Authors: Krishnarao Dhanesh , Pace Zachary J. , D’Onghia Elena , Aguerri J. Alfonso L. , McClure Rachel L. , Peterken Thomas , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Merrifield Michael , Masters Karen L. , Garma-Oehmichen Luis , Boardman Nicholas Fraser , Bershady Matthew , Drory Niv , Lane Richard R.
Published: April 2022

Bars may induce morphological features, such as rings, through their resonances. Previous studies suggested that the presence of “dark gaps,” or regions of a galaxy where the difference between the surface brightness along the bar major axis and that along the bar minor axis is maximal, can be attributed to the location of bar corotation. Here, using GALAKOS, a high-resolution N-body simulation of a barred galaxy, we test this photometric method’s ability to identify the bar corotation resonance. Contrary to previous work, our results indicate that “dark gaps” are a clear sign of the location of the 4:1 ultraharmonic resonance instead of bar corotation. Measurements of the bar corotation can indirectly be inferred using kinematic information, e.g., by measuring the shape of the rotation curve. We demonstrate our concept on a sample of 578 face-on barred galaxies with both imaging and integral field observations and find that the sample likely consists primarily of fast bars.
Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid and Non-comorbid at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya
Authors: Wardani Erika Martining , Nugroho Riezky Faisal , Bistara Difran Nobel , Afiyah Raden Khairiyatul , Hasina Siti Nur , Septianingrum Yurike
Published: April 2022

Background : Covid-19 has been declared a global health emergency. Reports of thousands of cases with morbidity and mortality continue to increase every day. The clinical course of patients with comorbidities influences the prognosis and progression of the covid-19 disease. Hypertension is the most common cormorbidity of covid-19 patients with long hospitalizations.
Objective : This study aimed to determine the clinical differences between covid-19 patients cormobid and non cormobid .
Methods : The study was conducted retrospectively through samples of medical records of inpatients for the period June 1, 2021 – August 31, 2021. The samples were divided into comorbid and non-cormobid groups; each totaling 130 medical records. The sample of the comorbid group was selected by simple random; while the non-cormobid group with the matching process. Data were analyzed using t-test and Wilcoxon.
Results : The most common kormobid is hypertension with clinical manifestations of cough, fever, headache, runny nose, painful swallowing, anosmia, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The average length of stay for patients with comorbidities was 21 days and without comorbidities 14 days. The test results showed that there were clinical differences between patients with comorbid and non-cormobid patients with p value = 0.0000 (p>0.05) and there was a difference in length of stay with p-value = 0.001 (p>0.05).
Conclusion : The clinical difference between covid-19 patients comorbid and non cormobid lies in the symptoms of headache with a longer duration of treatment, which is 22 days. More intensive treatment and care is needed for covid-19 patients with comorbid hypertension.
Keywords : clinical manifestation; covid-19; comorbid; length of treatment.
The Prevalence of Depression Symptoms among Pregnant Women during the Second Wave of COVID-19
Authors: Sari Dewi Nirmala , Diatri Hervita , Siregar Kemal , Pratomo Hadi
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women are vulnerable to depression. We hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic would increase depression in pregnancy leading to complications to both mother and fetus.

AIM: This study is aimed to identify antenatal depression symptoms during the second wave COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: This was a community-based, cross-sectional study conducted from 10 to 21 June 2021. A number of 130 pregnant women were recruited through both convenience and snowball sampling. An online survey with self-administered Whooley questions was used to assess antenatal depression symptoms.

RESULTS: We found elevated antenatal depression symptoms similar to other countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of pregnant women with depression symptoms was 42.3%. The majority of pregnant women who had antenatal depression symptoms had the following characteristics: About 44.75% lived outside Jakarta, 60% had low education (Junior high school and below), 42.9% aged 20–35 years, and 44.8% of them were housewives.

CONCLUSION: In Indonesia, the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic affected increasing symptoms of depression among pregnant women. Positive protective factors should be taken to prevent negative impacts of both unidentified and untreated antenatal depression among the pregnant women for the sake of maternal and child health.
Mother’s Behavior on Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Child Nutritional Status in Magetan Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Suharto Agung
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Toddler nutritional status is an indicator of toddler growth. Basic Health Research, 2010 states: 5.4% malnutrition status and 13.0% malnutrition. In 2013, the proportion of malnutrition status was 5.7% and malnutrition was 13.9%, from the target of 19.6%, and in 2018, the proportion of malnutrition was 3.9% and malnutrition was 13.8% of the target of 17.7%.

AIM: The research objective to determine the effect of maternal knowledge and attitudes on the nutritional status of children under five.

METHODS: This study was cross-sectional study design. Population 135 and a sample of 94 people. Sampling technique: Simple random sampling. Independent variable: Knowledge and attitudes of the mother, while the dependent variable: Nutritional status of children. Data collection techniques: Questionnaires and baby scales. To analyze the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable, multiple logistic regression with a significance of 0.05 was used.

RESULTS: Knowledge of mother Group b affected 3.2% with poor nutritional status and 34% affected good nutritional status. Mother’s attitude affects 1.1% of children under five with poor nutritional status and affects 16% of children with good nutritional status. From the results of the analysis using multiple logistic regression, it was found that the effect of the knowledge variable on nutritional status was 0.000 (<0.05), while the effect of attitude on nutritional status was 0.000 (<0.05).

CONCLUSION: There is an influence of knowledge and attitudes of mothers of children under five on the nutritional status of children under five.

SUGGESTION: To reduce the incidence of malnutrition and malnutrition in Indonesia is to increase the knowledge and attitudes of mothers under five in providing menus according to the needs and age of the child.
Enteral Glutamine Supplementation is Associated with Lowering Wound Infection Morbidity and Length of Hospital Stay among Burn Patients: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Dewi Ni Made Ratih Purnama , Harimawan Agustinus I Wayan , Sanjaya I Gusti Putu Hendra , Samsarga Gede Wara
Published: April 2022

Background. Significant nutritional support to meet increased energy expenditure is vital for burn patient's survival. Burn injury may lead to a significant decrease in Glutamine levels, which inspired the hypothesis that glutamine supplementation following burn injury would improve outcomes. Hence, the purpose of this meta-analysis study was to provide the rationale for determining the efficacy and safety of enteral glutamine in burn patients.
 
Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis based on PRISMA design to assess the potency of enteral glutamine supplementation as adjuvant treatment in patients with burn trauma. PubMed, Sciencedirect, and Google scholar were searched systematically using the following keywords: "enteral glutamine" and "burn patients" and "critical ill" and "infection" and "length of stay". Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of papers included in our meta-analysis. A Z test was used to determine the significance of pooled effect estimates. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) version 2.1 to analyze the data.
 
Results: A total of 12 studies recording 344 cases and 335 controls were enrolled for our analysis. Data on hospital Length of Stay (LOS) was found that enteral glutamine supplementation provided a significant result in reducing the LOS (Std mean diff: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.16 – 1.24; p=0.0100). We also found that a higher risk of positive wound culture was significantly observed in patients without the supplementation of enteral glutamine (OR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.41 – 3.27; p=0.0003) compared to patients receiving enteral glutamine supplementation among burn patients.
 
Conclusion: In our meta-analysis study, enteral glutamine in burn patients confers significantly shorter LOS and lower risk of wound infection among burn patients. We suggest that enteral glutamine supplementation may be a beneficial intervention for the management of burn patients.
The Analysis of Presbycusis Type and Lesion Location Based on Audiogram Description, Speech Audiometry, and Otoaccoustic Emission
Authors: Savitri Eka , Haeruddin Indah Maulidah , Djamin Riskiana , Perkasa Fajar
Published: April 2022

Background: This study aims to determine the type of presbycusis and the location of the lesion based on audiogram images, speech audiometry and Otoacoustic Emission.
Method: This study was an observational study of 36 presbycusis patients (72 ear samples). Pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry and Otoacoustic Emission were examined to determine the most types of presbycusis and the location of the lesion. A cross-sectional descriptive research method was conducted to analyze the dynamics of the correlation between risk factors and effects by using approaching, observing or collecting data at once (point time approach). Each research subject was observed only once, and measurements were performed towards the character status or subject variables during the examination.
Result: The results showed that presbycusis was primarily obtained in the 60-69 years age group (69.4%). And the most types of presbycusis based on the audiogram were metabolic presbycusis (36.1%). The average hearing range based on the audiogram was at a frequency of 26-40 dB or the degree of mild deafness. Most types of deafness were Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL). In speech audiometry, most NPT and NDT were mild and normal deafness as much as 44.4% in NPT and 56.9% in NDT. Based on the OAE, 72 samples showed the results of the referrals. In addition, regarding the results of the audiogram, speech audiometry and OAE, the location of the lesions of all samples were in the cochlea (100%).
Conclusion: The most common type of presbycusis based on audiogram images is metabolic presbycusis with a mild hearing loss.
Oral Health Policy and Recommendations for Children with Hemophilia in Bulgaria
Authors: Mandova Viktoriya , Stefanov Rumen
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Hemophilia is the most common inherited coagulopathy, but its diagnosis and treatment are still a challenge for healthcare professionals. Collaborative efforts between National bleeding disorder agencies, World Federation of Hemophilia, Ministries of Health, educational institutions, and non-governmental organizations aim to improve access to care and the quality of life of people with coagulopathies

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze and critically evaluate the oral health policy for children with hemophilia in Bulgaria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sociological survey is conducted among dentists in Bulgaria during the period 2019 - 2020 about their attitude toward the oral health policy regarding children with hemophilia in Bulgaria. The oral health legislation of Bulgaria and international guidelines for dental care of people with hemophilia is critically evaluated. Data is revised and synthetized for implementation in the Bulgarian health policy.

RESULTS: In 2013, the first European guidelines for the certification of Hemophilia Centers are published, which is the only document accrediting centers for rare diseases. According to the recommendations of the World Federation of Hemophilia, dental and medical care for people with hemophilia should be provided in hemophilia treatment centers. According to the latest guidelines from 2020, dental care for people with hemophilia should be provided by every dentist, regardless of their specialty. Most of the dentists (n = 88; 84.62 ± 3.54%) would be more confident in treating a patient with hemophilia in their practice if they are part of an organized team. In need of a consultation with another doctor, dentists prefer to refer the case to a specialist clinical hematologist (n = 74; 71.15 ± 4.44%), pediatric oncohematologist (n = 60; 57.69 ± 4.84%), or oral surgeon (n = 35; 33.65 ± 4.63%).

DISCUSSION: Improvement can be achieved through programs for management of specific dental conditions, targeted at rare disease groups, and successfully implemented in health policy at the local level.

CONCLUSION: Potential new policies may offer more dental treatment options for people with hemophilia. In-depth clinical and sociological studies are needed to determine the optimal effect in the current state and situation.
Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour Macerated with Strobilanthes crispus Reduced the Blood Glucose Levels of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ariftiyana Siska , Nurfikasari Lieyan , Murniyati Dwi , Prastowo Agus , Kurniasari Yulinda , Hadi Hamam , Aprilia Veriani
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases indicated by hyperglycemia. Dietary regulation represents a viable means of controlling blood glucose levels. Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a local tuber that has a low glycemic index due to its high glucomannan content. In combination with Strobilanthes crispus (SC), which is rich in antioxidants, porang flour could be a promising treatment approach for DM. AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of porang flour macerated with SC on the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats. METHODS: Thirty-five Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) rats were divided into five groups on the basis of their diets: Normal/negative control (NC) group (non-diabetic, standard AIN-93 diet), positive control (PC) group (streptozotocin [STZ]-induced diabetic), glibenclamide (GB) group (STZ-induced diabetic, medicated with GB 100 mg/200 g body weight [BW]), porang (NP) group (modified AIN-93 diet, fiber substituted with 11% porang flour [equal to 1.1 g/200 g BW]), and SC-macerated porang (SP) group (modified AIN-93 diet, fiber substituted with 11% porang flour macerated with SC [equal to 1.1 g/200 g BW]). The rats’ food intakes, stools, and BWs were recorded throughout the study, while their blood glucose levels were measured before the induction of DM, 3 days after the induction of DM, and at the end of the study (14-day treatment period). The data were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance combined with Duncan’s multiple range test. RESULTS: The rats’ feed intakes during the 14-day treatment period were almost the same, which influenced their BWs. After the induction of DM, the rats’ BWs appeared to decrease, albeit not to a statistically significant extent. This weight loss may have been better controlled in the treatment groups because the glucomannan content of the porang led to an improvement in the rats’ glucose metabolism, especially in the NP and SP groups. The rats’ stools appeared normal in consistency and moisture, and it was confirmed that there were no diarrhea incidents. The glucomannan content also decreased the blood glucose levels in the NP and SP groups. The SP group showed the best results in terms of decreased glucose levels due to the addition of SC as a source of antioxidants. CONCLUSION: Porang exerted an antidiabetic effect that was comparable with the effect of GB (a commercial drug). In combination with SC, it provided a high level of antioxidants. Porang should be further studied to optimize its antidiabetic potency and potential for use as a functional food or nutraceutical.
Guidelines and a supporting toolbox for parameterising key soil hydraulic properties in hydrological studies and broader integrated modelling
Authors: Dang Nguyet , Jackson Bethanna , Tomscha Stephanie , Lilburne Linda , Burkhard Kremena , Tran Dung Duc , Phi Long , Benavidez Rubianca
Published: April 2022

Information on soil hydraulic properties (e.g. soil moisture pressure relationships and hydraulic conductivity) is valuable for a wide range of disciplines including hydrology, ecology, environmental management and agriculture. However, this information is often not readily available as direct measurements are costly and time-consuming. Furthermore, as more complex representations of soils are being built into environmental models, users and developers often require sound hydraulic property information, while having limited access to specialist knowledge. Although indirect methods have been developed to obtain soil hydraulic properties from easily measurable or readily available soil properties via pedo-transfer functions (PTFs), few articles provide guidance for obtaining soil hydraulic properties over a wide range of geoclimatic and regional data availability contexts. The aim of this study is, therefore, to develop guidelines and an associated spatially referenced toolbox, NB_PTFs, to speed the process of acquiring sensible soil hydraulic properties for different geoclimatic and data-rich/sparse regions. The guide compiles available information about soil hydraulic properties, as well as a large number (151) of PTFs, not collated in any other guidance to date. NB_PTFs is an open-source ArcGIS toolbox which allows users to quickly get values, graphs and spatial distributions of soil hydraulic properties. The soil hydraulic properties, obtained using the guide and the toolbox, can be used as inputs for various models amongst other purposes. To demonstrate the use of the guidelines and the toolbox in different geoclimatic and data-availability contexts, the paper presents two case studies: the Vietnamese Mekong Delta and New Zealand Hurunui catchment. The Vietnamese Mekong Delta shows the use of these guidelines in a tropical, flat location with limited information on soil physical, chemical and hydraulic properties. The Hurunui catchment represents a case study for a semi-arid and hilly area in an area with detailed soil information.
$ f $-Statistical convergence on topological modules
Authors: García-Pacheco Francisco Javier , Kama Ramazan
Published: April 2022

The classical notion of statistical convergence has recently been transported to the scope of real normed spaces by means of the $ f $-statistical convergence for $ f $ a modulus function. Here, we go several steps further and extend the $ f $-statistical convergence to the scope of uniform spaces, obtaining particular cases of $ f $-statistical convergence on pseudometric spaces and topological modules.
Topological indices of novel drugs used in blood cancer treatment and its QSPR modeling
Authors: Nasir Sumiya , ul Hassan Awan Nadeem , Farooq Fozia Bashir , Parveen Saima
Published: April 2022

A topological index is a real number obtained from the chemical graph structure. It can predict the physicochemical and biological properties of many anticancer medicines like blood, breast and skin cancer. This can be done through degree-based topological indices.. In this article, the drugs, azacitidine, buslfan, mercaptopurine, tioguanine, nelarabine, etc. which are used in order to cure blood cancer are discussed and the purpose of the QSPR study is to determine the mathematical relation between the properties under investigation (eg, boiling point, flash point etc.) and different descriptors related to molecular structure of the drugs. It is found that topological indices (TIs) applied on said drugs have a good correlation with physicochemical properties in this context.
VaR as a mitigating risk tool in the maritime sector: An empirical approach on freight rates
Authors: Charalampos Basdekis , Ioannis Katsampoxakis , Alexandros Gkolfinopoulos
Published: April 2022

Shipping freight rates fluctuation is considered as one of the most important risk factors that participants face in the tanker shipping market (ship-owners, charterers, traders, hedge funds, banks and other financial institutions) in order to watch its evolution. This study examines freight rates for two of the most popular clean and dirty tanker routes; TC2 and TD3 from 22 May 2007 to 21 September 2015, using daily spot and future prices. The full data sample is divided into two sub periods, from 22 May 2007 to 13 August 2013 (in sample period) on which the model estimation section is based and from 14 August 2013 to 21 September 2015 (out of sample period) over which the Value at Risk is measured and backtesting process was performed. In all cases tested, there are observed high peaks and fat tails in all distributions. We apply a range of VaR models (parametric and non-parametric) in order to estimate the risk of the returns of TC2 route and TD3 route for spot, one month and three months future market. Backtesting tools are implemented in order to find the best fit model in terms of economic and statistical accuracy. Our empirical analysis concludes that the best fit models used for mitigating risk are simple GARCH model and non-parametric model. The above outcome seems to be valid a) for spot returns as well as for future returns and b) for short and long positions. In addition to the aforementioned conclusions, it is observed high freight rate risk at all routes. Our results are useful for risk management purposes for all the tanker shipping market participants and derivatives' counterparties.
Erstellung eines Blended-Learning-Konzepts
Authors: Compaoré Clément
Published: April 2022

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, wie sich digitales Lernen und herkömmliches Präsenzlernen im Fremdsprachenunterricht miteinander derart verzahnen lassen, dass der Lernprozess Erfolg verspricht. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht daher die Erarbeitung fundierter Erkenntnisse, die die Entwicklung des Blended Learning-Konzepts zur Vermittlung der Fremdsprache Französisch an der Volkshochschule München untermauern. Dies beinhaltet das zugrundeliegende methodisch-didaktische Konzept, die Auseinandersetzung mit den erforderlichen organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen sowie die Ermittlung der technischen Voraussetzungen. Es resultiert eine zusammenfassende Darstellung der Kernaspekte, die bei der Konzeption des Blended Learning-Konzepts zur Durchführung eines Französischkurses der Volkshochschule München heranzuziehen sind.
Le rappresentazioni degli italiani regionali: esperienze di formazione alla ricerca linguistica (2a parte)
Authors: Krakenberger Etna , Natale Silvia , Revelli Luisa
Published: April 2022

Questa seconda parte dell’articolo pubblicato in ESP n. 47 riassume i risultati di un progetto di formazione alla ricerca linguistica intrapresa congiuntamente dall’Istituto di Lingua e letteratura italiana dell’Università di Berna e dal Dipartimento di Scienze Umane e Sociali dell’Università della Valle d’Aosta durante l’anno accademico 2019/2020. Accanto alla metodologia ed alle tecniche d’inchiesta elaborate allo scopo di far conoscere agli studenti un’esperienza di ricerca applicata in laboratorio, vengono presentati alcuni dati dello studio condotto parallelamente dai due siti. Il tema degli atteggiamenti e comportamenti di fronte agli italiani regionali è stato esplorato dall’équipe bernese, riferito a variabili come il luogo di residenza, il livello d’istruzione, il sesso e l’uso delle lingue in famiglia, mentre l’équipe aostana si è concentrata principalmente sulla capacità di situare correttamente le varietà di italiano secondo le età (10-19 anni), rispetto anche alla pronuncia dei non italofoni.
The Relationship Between ESG Disclosure and the Cost of Debt in the Healthcare Industry
Authors: Salvi Antonio , Petruzzella Felice , Raimo Nicola , Vitolla Filippo
Published: April 2022

In the last decades, attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR) has grown considerably. The new scenario characterized by greater attention to aspects of sustainability poses important challenges for companies operating in the healthcare (HC) industry due to both the high number of stakeholders with which these companies interface and their business model closely related to people's life and health problems. In light of this, companies operating in the HC industry are also called upon to provide an adequate level of non-financial information and in particular environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information to meet the needs of stakeholders. This study aims to examine the financial effects of ESG disclosure in the HC industry. In particular, it analyses the impact on the cost of debt. The results of the econometric analysis, conducted on a sample of 4,271 observations (an unbalanced data panel of 680 international firms for the period 2011-2020), show the existence of a negative association between the amount of ESG information disseminated and the cost of debt.
The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Lenzo Vittorio , Sardella Alberto , Quattropani Maria C.
Published: April 2022

This chapter reviews and discusses findings from studies on healthcare workers facing the COVID-19 outbreak. Previous studies have provided evidence for the role of psychological characteristics in predicting burnout and psychological distress among healthcare workers. Research conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak seems to confirm these relationships. Evidence has also revealed high burnout and psychopathological symptoms among professionals. Several factors were associated with a worse psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, such as assisting infected patients. A growing body of research has pointed out the role of psychological characteristics in mitigating the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and its related restrictive measures. More research is needed to verify these relationships and to examine the long-term consequences on the healthcare workers heavily involved in the COVID-19 outbreak. Nonetheless, the implication of these studies concerns the implementation of interventions reducing the psychological impact of working during the COVID-19 outbreak.
The Sense-Making Process in Adjustment to Breast Cancer Experience in Younger Women
Authors: Martino Maria Luisa , Lemmo Daniela , De Luca Picione Raffaele , Ersilia Auriemma , Freda Maria Francesca
Published: April 2022

The recent medical progress ensures high rates of long-term survival even in the face of illness previously with an unfortunate outcome: this is the case of breast cancer, which, to date, ensures more than 80% of long-term survival rates, and that for this reason can be interpreted as a chronic illness. In particular, the onset of breast cancer in under-50 women represents a potentially traumatic event that storms in the life of a young woman breaking the narrative sense of continuity, sameness, and integrity. This chapter discusses the role of narrative psychological devices for the understanding and the promotion of sense-making process and psychological adjustment to illness. Within a psychological risk preventive framework, the authors show findings from a longitudinal narrative research on the sense-making processes with breast cancer younger women highlighting narrative indexes of risks and resources during the first year of treatment. Implications for longitudinal support will be discussed.
Consumer Behavior and Sustainable Consumption in Economic Theory
Authors: Kar Mikail
Published: April 2022

Existing economic systems have encouraged overconsumption by constantly inspiring consumers to have more. With these consumption habits, it has been understood that it is not possible to maintain present living standards for many years, and as a result, sustainability discussions have emerged. One of the most fundamental components of these sustainability discussions is the “sustainable consumption” approach. Sustainable consumption proposes to meet the needs of today's humanity without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs in order to leave a livable world for them. At this point, the aim of this study is to discuss sustainable consumption from the perspective of economic theory and to examine it within the framework of consumer behavior. For this purpose, the titles of consumption, consumer behavior, consumption society, sustainability, sustainable consumption, consumer behaviors in sustainable consumption and reasons for sustainable consumption failure, and suggestions for solutions are discussed in detail in the study.