bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of 10-Year Physical Health Trends amongMedical College Freshmen
Authors: Jing JIN , Rui-ting ZHANG , Man-man ZHUO , Xiu-dong ZHAO , Dong-mei ZHANG , Fei WANG , Huan-yu LIN , Shou-zhi WU , Yufeng WEN
Published: June 2017

Purpose: This study was aimed at exploring the trends of health status of medical college freshmen in 10 years (2005-2014), as a guide for improving the physical health conditions of University students.

Methods: Freshman physical test data from 2005 to 2014 were collected, and their height, body mass index (BMI), lung capacity and long distance running times were analyzed.

Results: Mean height of male students increased significantly from 172.08±5.56 cm in 2005 to 159.36±5.27 cm in 2014 (t=26.028,P<0.001), while that of female students increased significantly from 175.11±5.50 cm in 2005 to 162.66±5.03 cm in 2014 (t=28.291,P<0.001). BMI of male students increased significantly (t=6.224,P<0.001) within the same period, in contrast to that of the female students (t=7.458,P<0.001). In addition, mean BMI of male students were higher than that of female students (Z=29.760,P<0.001). Lung capacity showed a decline for both groups (male: t=12.944,P<0.001; female: t=29.489,P<0.001). Long–distance running times increased (male: t=21.833,P<0.001; female: t=18.717,P<0.001). The percentage of overweight and obese male students was significantly higher than that in female students (male: 12.73%; female: 4.84%), and both showed increasing trends (male: Z=9.056,P<0.001; female: Z=3.643,P<0.001). Non-compliance of lung capacity with long-distance running time increased over the years (male: Z=12.892,P<0.001; female: Z=19.148,P<0.001; male: Z=14.596,P<0.001; female: Z=8.209,P<0.001).

Conclusion: Height of college freshmen showed an upward trend, but their physical health condition showed a downtrend within the period of study.
Assessing the Level of Knowledge about Ebola Virus Disease among College Students
Authors: Li Junling , Zhu Yongjia , Tong Xu , Yuan Chang , Jiang Qi , Xu Jialing , Qian Mingfeng , Wen Yufeng
Published: June 2017

Objective: Ebola virus disease is becoming a public health emergency of international concern, but the study of knowledge about Ebola virus disease among college students is limited. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge about Ebola virus disease among college students for offering the strategies to health education of Ebola virus disease.

Methods: The stratified cluster sampling method was used and the investigation with self-administration and anonymous questionnaire included knowledge of Ebola virus disease and HIV/AIDS was conducted among 1200 college students who were enrolled from three colleges in Wuhu, China from May to July in 2015.

Results: The correct answer rate of epidemic area of Ebola virus disease was the highest (71.37 %), the transmitting vector was the lowest (13.14 %). The average awareness rate of Ebola virus disease (0.381 ± 0.256) was significantly lower than that of HIV/AIDS (0.810 ± 0.220) (P < 0.05). The awareness rate of Ebola virus disease were significantly different in specialties, grades and registered residences (P < 0.05). And in HIV/AIDS, there were also significant differences in specialties, grades (P < 0.05). The medical students’ awareness rate of Ebola virus disease was generally higher than non-medical students’, freshmen and junior and above were higher than sophomore, and there was a decline trend in students from urban, town to rural (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The awareness rate of Ebola virus disease was lower comparing to HIV/AIDS among colleges students. It should strengthen the health education about Ebola virus disease toward different characteristics of college student.
Meta-analysis of Effect on HIV/AIDS Intervention in Comprehensive Commercial Sex Work in China
Authors: Wei Minwei , Wen Yufeng
Published: June 2017

Objective: In recent 5 years, to evaluate the effect of an intervention or preventing HIV/AIDS in commercial sex workers, to provide foundations for preventing HIV/AIDS in commercial sex workers in future.

Methods: A computerized literature searching Was carried out in PubMed, springer, China Info, VIP, CNKI databases to collect articles published between 2008 and 2009 concerning the effect of AHIV/AIDS education intervention in commercial sex workers. The type was self-control intervention study, the method was Comprehensive intervention, according to the KABP Model and comprehensive factors, we choose five indicators about the HIV/AIDS knowledge and behavior for Meta analysis by Stata12.0 software. We use RD (rate difference) as Effect Size and make consistency check for included studies, then choose fixed effect model or random effect model to do Comprehensive quantitative analysis.

Results: the analysis that the RD for knowing the sexual transmission route of HIV, the RD for knowing the effect of condoms for HIV prevention, the RD for knowing the Maternal and child route of HIV, the RD for using condom in the latest month, and the RD for consistently using condom in the latest month were increased by 23.8 % (0.143, 0.180), 19.5 % (0.139, 0.251), 19.0 % (0.100, 0.281) , 23.5 % (0.160, 310) and 25.8 % (0.068, 0.448), respectively.

Conclusion: Comprehensive intervention for preventing HIV/AIDS is effective in changing knowledge and action in commercial sex workers, in China.
Review of pathogenic gene prediction based on Text Mining
Authors: Huang Youliang , Guo Fengying , Zhai Xing , Liu Renquan
Published: June 2017

Background: Whether it is a single genetic disease, multiple genetic diseases or acquired genetic diseases, the discovery and prediction of disease-causing genes is a difficult problem in biomedical industry. It has also become an important research task in biomedical text mining.

Methods: In the early stage of the prediction of disease-causing genes, the researchers predicted two major methods of linkage analysis and association analysis.

Conclusion: The prediction of disease-causing genes can be predicted by using different prediction methods and different bioinformatics data according to the different problems of research questions and the different situations of concern. At present, the researchers have developed a number of related prediction tools to help understand, detect and predict disease-causing genes and pathogenesis of disease and other issues. Prediction of disease-causing genes is still a difficult and meaningful work.
Response to a wild poliovirus type 2 (WPV2)-shedding event following accidental exposure to WPV2, the Netherlands, April 2017
Authors: Duizer Erwin , Ruijs Wilhelmina LM , van der Weijden Charlie P , Timen Aura
Published: June 2017

On 3 April 2017, a wild poliovirus type 2 (WPV2) spill occurred in a Dutch vaccine manufacturing plant. Two fully vaccinated operators with risk of exposure were advised on stringent personal hygiene and were monitored for virus shedding. Poliovirus (WPV2-MEF1) was detected in the stool of one, 4 days after exposure, later also in sewage samples. The operator was isolated at home and followed up until shedding stopped 29 days after exposure. No further transmission was detected.
Investigation of a food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis in a school canteen revealed a variant of sapovirus genogroup V not detected by standard PCR, Sollentuna, Sweden, 2016
Authors: Hergens Maria-Pia , Nederby Öhd Joanna , Alm Erik , Askling Helena H , Helgesson Sofia , Insulander Mona , Lagerqvist Nina , Svenungsson Bo , Tihane Malin , Tolfvenstam Thomas , Follin Per
Published: June 2017

A food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis with more than 650 suspected cases occurred in April 2016 in Sollentuna, Sweden. It originated in a school kitchen serving a total of 2,700 meals daily. Initial microbiological testing (forCampylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba histolytica, adeno-, astro-, noro-, rota- and sapovirus) of stool samples from 15 symptomatic cases was negative, despite a clinical presentation suggestive of calicivirus. Analyses of the findings from both the Sollentuna municipality environmental team and a web-based questionnaire suggested that the source of the outbreak was the salad buffet served on 20 April, although no specific food item could be identified. Subsequent electron microscopic examination of stool samples followed by whole genome sequencing revealed a variant of sapovirus genogroup V. The virus was not detected using standard PCR screening. This paper describes the epidemiological outbreak investigation and findings leading to the discovery.
Forty-One Years of Canadian Public Policy / Quarante-et-un ans d'Analyse de politiques
Authors: Shan Rachel , Veall Michael R.
Published: June 2017

This short note is in lieu of an Editor's Report. Trends in the articles published by Canadian Public Policy are analyzed since its inception in 1975. There has been an increasing percentage of female authorship; publication in English as opposed to French; and articles related to gender issues, Indigenous issues, and provincial government matters. There are no clear trends in the percentage of articles devoted to environmental matters or individual transfer payments.
Sounds German?: Popular Music in Postwar Germany at the Crossroads of the National and Transnational
Authors: Fulk Kirkland A.
Published: June 2017

A musical undercurrent has long permeated German culture and intellectual
life. For more than a century, theories and practices of folk, art, and
classical music—variously understood both in their mutual interrelation and
as entirely distinct—have anchored definitions of German national identity
and the German cultural heritage. More recently, musical styles such as
jazz, rock and roll, and hip-hop have also played a key role in the emergence
of new social movements and alternative sensibilities in Germany.
Indeed, since the end of World War II, popular music practices in Germany
have been alternatively decried as drivers of Americanization and hailed as
catalysts of technological development that prompt new ways of producing
and consuming music to emerge.
Knitted Naked Suits and Shedding Skins: The Body Politics of Popfeminist Musical Performances in the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Stehle Maria
Published: June 2017

This article offers a theorization of the politics of politically
inspired musical performances in the twenty-first century. The two examples,
Peaches’ “Dick in the Air” and Rose McGowan’s “RM486,” both released in
fall 2015, offer two very different approaches to contemporary feminist and
popfeminist body politics. These songs with their accompanying video and
multimedia releases, offer the temporal and auditory frame for reflections
about how gendered and racialized bodies are impacted by their surroundings
and how, in turn, we impact these surroundings, to the local and the
global, to neoliberalism and its discontents. These performances are not acts
of provocation, but suggest ways to imagine social futures by creating spaces
for relations, shared response, and political intervention.
Searching for the Young Soul Rebels: On Writing, New Wave, and the Ends of Cultural Studies
Authors: Langston Richard
Published: June 2017

Starting with the surprising role the soul assumed in the West
German music essay from the early 1980s, this article interrogates a peculiar,
misunderstood middle passage in dominant historiographies of German pop
literature—the new wave music essay—that transformed itself at the dawn of the
1990s—shortly before the literary phenomenon labeled Popliteratur emerged—
by embracing then emergent Anglo-American Cultural Studies. The importance
of new wave music for the essay’s regard for soul were lost on both pop
literature and its attendant literary histories. The “studies model” has, at least
in this one instance, smoothed over historical ruptures with unfortunate repercussions
for our understanding of the precarious writerly mediation of life and
music shortly before the value of poetics for life vanished altogether.
Pathogens and glioma: a history of unexpected discoveries ushering in novel therapy
Authors: Shah Ashish H. , Jusué-Torres Ignacio , Ivan Michael E. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Kasahara Noriyuki
Published: June 2017

In the late 19th century, Dr. William B. Coley introduced the theory that infections may aid in the treatment of malignancy. With the creation of Coley’s toxin, reports of remission during viral illnesses for systemic malignancies soon emerged. A few decades after this initial discovery, Austrian physicians performed intravascular injections of Clostridium to induce oncolysis in patients with glioblastoma. Since then, suggestions between improved survival and infectious processes have been reported in several patients with glioma, which ultimately marshaled the infamous use of intracerebral Enterobacter. These early observations of tumor regression and concomitant infection piloted a burgeoning field focusing on the use of pathogens in molecular oncology.
A novel score to predict shunt dependency after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Diesing Dominik , Wolf Stefan , Sommerfeld Jenny , Sarrafzadeh Asita , Vajkoczy Peter , Dengler Nora F.
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE

Feasible clinical scores for predicting shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SDHC) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are scarce. The chronic hydrocephalus ensuing from SAH score (CHESS) was introduced in 2015 and has a high predictive value for SDHC. Although this score is easy to calculate, several early clinical and radiological factors are required. The authors designed the retrospective analysis described here for external CHESS validation and determination of predictive values for the radiographic Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) scoring system and a new simplified combined scoring system.

METHODS

Consecutive data of 314 patients with aSAH were retrospectively analyzed with respect to CHESS parameters and BNI score. A new score, the shunt dependency in aSAH (SDASH) score, was calculated from independent risk factors identified with multivariate analysis.

RESULTS

Two hundred twenty-five patients survived the initial phase after the hemorrhage, and 27.1% of these patients developed SDHC. The SDASH score was developed from results of multivariate analysis, which revealed acute hydrocephalus (aHP), a BNI score of ≥ 3, and a Hunt and Hess (HH) grade of ≥ 4 to be independent risk factors for SDHC (ORs 5.709 [aHP], 6.804 [BNI], and 4.122 [HH]; p < 0.001). All 3 SDHC scores tested (CHESS, BNI, and SDASH) reliably predicted chronic hydrocephalus (ORs 1.533 [CHESS], 2.021 [BNI], and 2.496 [SDASH]; p ≤ 0.001). Areas under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) for CHESS and SDASH were comparable (0.769 vs 0.785, respectively; p = 0.447), but the CHESS and SDASH scores were superior to the BNI grading system for predicting SDHC (BNI AUROC 0.649; p = 0.014 and 0.001, respectively). In contrast to CHESS and BNI scores, an increase in the SDASH score coincided with a monotonous increase in the risk of developing SDHC.

CONCLUSIONS

The newly developed SDASH score is a reliable tool for predicting SDHC. It contains fewer factors and is more intuitive than existing scores that were shown to predict SDHC. A prospective score evaluation is needed.
Pelvic retroversion: a compensatory mechanism for lumbar stenosis
Authors: Pourtaheri Sina , Sharma Akshay , Savage Jason , Kalfas Iain , Mroz Thomas E. , Benzel Edward , Steinmetz Michael P.
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE

The flexed posture of the proximal (L1–3) or distal (L4–S1) lumbar spine increases the diameter of the spinal canal and neuroforamina and can relieve symptoms of neurogenic claudication. Distal lumbar flexion can result in pelvic retroversion; therefore, in cases of flexible sagittal imbalance, pelvic retroversion may be compensatory for lumbar stenosis and not solely compensatory for the sagittal imbalance as previously thought. The authors investigate underlying causes for pelvic retroversion in patients with flexible sagittal imbalance.

METHODS

One hundred thirty-eight patients with sagittal imbalance who underwent a total of 148 fusion procedures of the thoracolumbar spine were identified from a prospective clinical database. Radiographic parameters were obtained from images preoperatively, intraoperatively, and at 6-month and 2-year follow-up. A cohort of 24 patients with flexible sagittal imbalance was identified and individually matched with a control cohort of 23 patients with fixed deformities. Flexible deformities were defined as a 10° change in lumbar lordosis between weight-bearing and non–weight-bearing images. Pelvic retroversion was quantified as the ratio of pelvic tilt (PT) to pelvic incidence (PI).

RESULTS

The average difference between lumbar lordosis on supine MR images and standing radiographs was 15° in the flexible cohort. Sixty-eight percent of the patients in the flexible cohort were diagnosed preoperatively with lumbar stenosis compared with only 22% in the fixed sagittal imbalance cohort (p = 0.0032). There was no difference between the flexible and fixed cohorts with regard to C-2 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) (p = 0.95) or C-7 SVA (p = 0.43). When assessing for postural compensation by pelvic retroversion in the stenotic patients and nonstenotic patients, the PT/PI ratio was found to be significantly greater in the patients with stenosis (p = 0.019).

CONCLUSIONS

For flexible sagittal imbalance, preoperative attention should be given to the root cause of the sagittal misalignment, which could be compensation for lumbar stenosis. Pelvic retroversion can be compensatory for both the lumbar stenosis as well as for sagittal imbalance.
Neuropsychological Symptoms in Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Patients in Germany
Authors: Krasnianski Anna , Bohling Geeske T. , Heinemann Uta , Varges Daniela , Meissner Bettina , Schulz-Schaeffer Walter J. , Reif Andreas , Zerr Inga
Published: June 2017

Background: The polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) and the PrPSc types 1 and 2 belong to a molecular classification of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) that correlates well with the clinical and neuropathological phenotype of sCJD.

Objective: The aim of the study was to perform the first detailed evaluation of neuropsychological deficits in a large group of definite sCJD patients with known molecular subtype.

Methods: We analyzed neuropsychological symptoms in a cohort of 248 sCJD patients with known M129 V polymorphism of PRNP and prion protein type.

Results: Neuropsychological symptoms were very frequent in our patients (96%) and occurred as early as in the first third of the disease course. Besides amnesia and impaired attention (89% each), frontal lobe syndrome (75%), aphasia (63%), and apraxia (57%) were the most common neuropsychological deficits. There was no statistically significant difference with regard to frequency of neuropsychological symptoms between the subtypes. In MV2 and VV2 patients, the onset of neuropsychological symptoms was significantly later than in all other subtypes.

Conclusion: We provide the first detailed analysis of neuropsychological symptoms in a large group of sCJD patients with known M129 V genotype and prion protein type. We suggest that the rate of progression of neuropsychological symptoms is subtype-specific. These data may improve the diagnosis in atypical sCJD subtypes.
Synaptic Membrane Synthesis in Rats Depends on Dietary Sufficiency of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Selenium: Relevance for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Cansev Mehmet , Turkyilmaz Mesut , Sijben John W.C. , Sevinc Cansu , Broersen Laus M. , van Wijk Nick
Published: June 2017

Chronic consumption of a diet enriched with nutritional precursors of phospholipids, including uridine and the polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), was shown previously to enhance levels of brain phospholipids and synaptic proteins in rodents. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium may directly affect the breakdown or synthesis of membrane phospholipids. The present study investigated the necessity of antioxidants for the effectiveness of supplementation with uridine plus DHA and EPA (as fish oil) in rats. Rats were randomized to four treatment groups and received, for 6 weeks, one of four experimental diets, i.e., a diet low in antioxidants, a diet high in antioxidants, a diet low in antioxidants supplemented with DHA+EPA+uridine, or a diet high in antioxidants supplemented with DHA+EPA+uridine. On completion of dietary treatment, rats were sacrificed, and brain levels of phospholipids, synaptic proteins, and two enzymes involved in phospholipid synthesis (choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, PCYT1A, and choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase, CEPT1) were analyzed. Levels of phospholipids, the pre- and post-synaptic proteins Synapsin-1 and PSD95, and the enzymes PCYT1A and CEPT1 were significantly enhanced by combined supplementation of DHA+EPA+uridine and antioxidants and not enhanced by supplementation of DHA+EPA+uridine with insufficient antioxidant levels. Our data suggest that dietary vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium are essential for the phospholipid precursors’ effects on increasing levels of membrane phospholipids and synaptic proteins, the indirect indicators of synaptogenesis. Their concomitant supply may be relevant in Alzheimer’s disease patients, because the disease is characterized by synapse loss and lower plasma and brain levels of phospholipid precursors and antioxidants.
Modeling the NCAA basketball tournament selection process using a decision tree
Authors: Dutta Shouvik , Jacobson Sheldon H.
Published: June 2017

Each year, 68 teams are invited to participate in the NCAA basketball tournament. Of these 68 teams, 36 are given an at-large bid by a selection committee rather than automatically qualifying. However, despite the process being public, the exact method by which teams are ranked against other teams to determine which teams are given at-large bids is not known. Many factors are known or theorized to be in use, including the RPI, top 50 wins, and strength of schedule. In this paper we attempt to provide a quantitative method to mimic the team made by the selection committee by constructing a decision tree. We then test our method on years 2012–2016, where we find that in each year all but one team selected by our method was invited to the tournament.
Update on the application of optic nerve sheath fenestration
Authors: Chen Hui , Zhang Qian , Tan Song , Fu Huazhu , Farris Bradley K. , Yang Zhenglin
Published: June 2017

Background:With the ongoing development of surgical procedures and instruments, the safety of optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) has been improved.

Objective:Through the past three decades, progress has been made in preventing visual loss from chronic optic nerve swelling in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), secondary intracranial hypertension and local optic nerve diseases. We now review the updated application of ONSF in those diseases.

Methods:The application of ONSF in papilledema due to IIH, secondary intracranial hypertension to cerebral venous sinus occlusion, Cryptococcal meningitis, and intracranial mass or tumors is reviewed. Additionally, the potential benefits of ONSF in local optic neuropathy from optic nerve sheath meningioma, optic nerve drusen, traumatic optic neuropathy and optic nerve/sheath biopsy are also described.

Results:Although ONSF has little or no effect on intracranial pressure, it is a safe, relative easy and effective surgical procedure to prevent or reverse visual loss in IIH. When other treatment modalities fail to timely protect vision, ONSF can be useful in protecting visual function or delay visual loss in secondary intracranial hypertension.

Conclusion:We recommend that ONSF should be considered as a meaningful alternative or an adjunct therapy to reduce or delay the visual morbidity of these diseases, although the use of ONSF for some of them remains controversial.
Effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation on spasticity after spinal cord injury
Authors: Nardone Raffaele , Langthaler Patrick B. , Orioli Andrea , Höller Peter , Höller Yvonne , Frey Vanessa N. , Brigo Francesco , Trinka Eugen
Published: June 2017

Purpose: Spasticity is a common disorder in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a safe, non-invasive and well-tolerated protocol of excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), is effective in modulating spasticity in SCI patients.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, crossover, sham-controlled study, ten subjects with incomplete cervical or thoracic SCI received 10 days of daily sessions of real or sham iTBS. The H/M amplitude ratio of the Soleus H reflex, the amplitude of the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) at rest and during background contraction, as well as Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and the Spinal Cord Injury Assessment Tool for Spasticity (SCAT) were compared before and after the stimulation protocols.

Results: Patients receiving real iTBS showed significant increased resting and active MEPs amplitude and a significant reduction of the H/M amplitude ratio. In these patients also the MAS and SCAT scores were significantly reduced after treatment. These changes persisted up to 1 week after the end of the iTBS treatment, and were not observed under the sham-TBS condition.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that iTBS may be a promising therapeutic tool for the spasticity in SCI patients.
The role of the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) in a cognitive and emotional counting Stroop task: Two cases
Authors: To Wing Ting , De Ridder Dirk , Menovsky Tomas , Hart John , Vanneste Sven
Published: June 2017

Background: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated in both cognitive and emotional processing, with cognitive information proposed to be processed through the dorsal/caudal ACC and emotional information through the rostral/ventral ACC.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the role of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in cognitive and emotional processing using a cognitive and emotional counting Stroop task in two patients in whom abnormalities in the dACC were identified and treated.

Methods: Two patients performed the cognitive and emotional counting Stroop task before and after treatment to examine whether the dACC has a specific or more general processing function.

Results: We observed an overall improvement in the emotional, cognitive, and neutral trials of the counting Stroop task after the intervention, indicating that the dACC is not a subregion of the ACC that only contributes to a specific domain.

Conclusion: This study reveals that the dACC is not just a subregion of the ACC that contributes to a specific cognitive function, but is rather part of a salience network that influences general brain functioning, influencing cognitive as well as emotional processing.
Discovery of Aligarh Super Bug and Widespread variants of NDM1: A concern in antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Rahman Syed Ziaur , Mishra Ankita
Published: June 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.335-336
Myopia  the global progressive healthproblem: Are wereadingtoomuch?
Authors: Minevere Rashiti , Zahiti Kaltrina
Published: June 2017

Myopia is becoming a global public health problem in our society. The global progression of myopia might develop due to near work activities (reading, writing, homework, computer) and less outdoor activities. Recent studies show that beside genetic component, geography and ethnicitiy do have also an impact in the development and progression of myopia.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.337-338
Arab and Muslim contributions to Medicine and Research  A Review
Authors: Ahmad Wasim , Rabee Khaiser , Zulkifle Mohd
Published: June 2017

The accomplishments in the development of knowledge by medieval Arab civilization have been termed by some scholars as mere translation and preservation of Greek knowledge. It is alleged that the original works of Arab were only the preservations and duplications. They had no curiosity for learning and thus their insights, intuitions and cognition were immature. And it is assumed that investigations and inquiries are the achievement of recent periods. This study intends to investigate the knowledge expansion in the perspective of research in field of medicine by the Arabs. There are many renowned scholars who had made such irresponsible comments regarding Arabian diligence. For instance E.G. Brown comments its long recognized importance, lies not in its originality, but in the fact that in the long interval which separated the decay of Greek learning from the Renaissance, it represented the most faithful tradition of ancient wisdom, and during the dark ages was the principal source from which Europe derived such philosophical and scientific ideas as it possessed. Thus such paradigm statement was largely propagated by the scholars who had limited access to the Arabic literature. In contrast the fact is that initial Arabian contribution in the knowledge was the golden period of Arabs. The investigation based upon the reliable classical and historical literature revealed that the Arabs emphasized on research and rational thinking as their important tools of growth and development in medicine as could be observed in Al-Razi statement any physician who is dependent only on his experimentation and neglect literary knowledge and hypothesis then he may be a failure. Hence, an attempt is made to explore and highlight the Arab endeavors in original medical innovations which made them the sole source of many learning scholars. They had excelled in many innovations like bed side clinics, differential diagnosis between small pox and measles, concepts of mobile clinics, pharmacy, emergency facilities, midwifery, separate pediatrics facilities and advancement in the fields of psychiatry, cardiology, ophthalmology etcBangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.339-345
Life-orientation, Subjective Well-being and Social Support as Predictors of Quality of Life in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Masood Afsheen , Kamran Fatima , Rashid Sumaira , Mazahir Shama
Published: June 2017

Background: Psychosocial experiences such as life-orientation, subjective well-being and social support are punitive in determining the health related quality of life of patients in end stage of Chronic Renal Disease; also termed as End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).Objectives: to investigate the phenomenon of life-orientation, subjective well-being, social support and perceived health related quality of life in patients with end stage renal disease. ESRD patients life orientation, social support and subjective well-being are significant predictors of their perceived quality of life that further determines their disease management and health status.Materials and Methods: This research has been laid out through cross sectional survey research design. The data was collected between the time span of Jan, 2016 to June, 2016. The sample comprised of 200 respondents from both gender, equally distributed within the age range of 50 to 60 years, going through last stage of ESRD and relying on dialysis from at least past one year or more. Indigenously translated WHO QoL, Subjective Wellbeing Scale, multidimensional Social Support Scale, Life Orientation Scale and a demographic information sheet was used to collect the data.Results: The results revealed that life orientation, social support and subjective well-being significantly and positively predicted the health related quality of life; greater social support and higher levels of subjective wellbeing after controlling for the effects of age, gender, income and education were found when the patients carried optimistic and positive life-orientation.Conclusion: The current research findings therefore incriminate preemptive direction in understanding the phenomenon of life-orientation, social support, subjective wellbeing and health related quality of life in patients with last stage ESRD. This further embarks onto highlighting the insightful guidelines for health and clinical psychologists in devising management interventions, targeting the increased subjective well-being, and promotion of optimistic life-orientation in order to facilitate health related quality of life in the patients with end stage renal disease.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.346-353
Non-dermatophytic moulds and yeasts as agents of onychomycosis in a Malaysian medical centre
Authors: Ding Chuan Hun , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Tzar Mohd Nizam , Yusoff Hamidah , Satim Hartini
Published: June 2017

Objective: Onychomycosis can be caused by numerous fungi, with geographical and temporal factors influencing the prevalence of the various aetiological agents. We set out to identify and classify the various fungi cultured from the nail clippings of patients diagnosed with onychomycosis in UKM Medical Centre, Malaysia.Methods: This retrospective study involved cases of onychomycosis diagnosed from January 2013 to July 2014. For each fungus, mycological diagnosis was achieved by direct microscopic examination of the nail clipping(s) followed by morphological identification of the fungus following culture on various artificial media.Results: A total of 180 fungal isolates were cultured from the nail clippings of 146 different patients. Non-dermatophytic moulds accounted for most of the fungal isolates (59.8%), followed by yeasts (35.7%) and dermatophytes (4.5%). Overall, Candida was the most frequently isolated fungal genus and Aspergillus was the most frequently cultured mould genus. Out of the three dermatophyte genera, two (Microsporum and Trichophyton) were isolated.Conclusion: In our centre, non-dermatophytic moulds and yeasts are a lot more prevalent as causative agents of onychomycosis than dermatophytes.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.380-383
Neck dissection for head and neck malignancies: A Malaysian 13 years review
Authors: Nik Hishamuddin Nik Hisyam Amirul , Azman Mawaddah , Kong Min Han , Baki Marina Mat , Husin Athar Primuharsa Putra Sabir , Yunus Mohd Razif Mohamad
Published: June 2017

Introduction and Objective: Neck dissection (ND) is a surgical procedure performed in treating head and neck cancer patients with cervical neck metastasis. The aim of neck dissection is to achieveloco-regional control thus optimizing the cancers cure rate. Various complications may potentially occur following this surgery. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of complications following neck dissection.Materials & Methods: This is a 13 years retrospective descriptive case notes analysis conducted in UKMMC (University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre), a tertiary centre in Malaysia. Neck dissection surgeries that were performed between January 2000tillDecember 2012 were recruited for data analyses.Results: A total of 233 neck dissections were performed in our centre over 13 years period from January 2000 until December 2012. Of these, 27 cases were excluded due to unavailability of data and therefore a total of 206 cases were recruited for data analyses.The types of neck dissection performed include Extended Radical ND (n=7), Radical ND (n=40), Modified Radical ND (n=88) and Selective ND (n=71). Majority of neck dissection was performed for malignant oral cavity tumours (47.1%). Out of 206 cases, 57 (27.7%) developed wound complications, 48 (23.3%) cases had nerve complications with marginal mandibular nerve was most commonly injured (13%) and 20 (9.7%) cases had vascular and lymphatic complications mainly involving the thoracic duct (5.3%). The incidence of residual or recurrent neck disease was observed in 41 cases (20%). Pre-operative clinical assesment of cervical neck node metastatic status has a high sensivity of 89.7% but low specificity of 47.5%.Conclusion: Various complications may potentially occur following neck dissection. Awareness of these possible complications could minimize the incidence of complication following this surgery. This current study observed a strong association between the type of neck dissection performed with the incidence of wound, nerve and vascularcomplications following neck dissection surgery.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.384-396
Comparative study on effect of various induction methods on sputum smear positivity
Authors: Jethani Sumit , Kakkar Rakesh , Semwal Jayanti , Rawat Jagdish , Ratwani Karuna
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Under RNTCP, the diagnosis of 25-30% tuberculosis cases with negative bacteriological report with radiographic evidence and with smear negativity due to inability to expectorate adequate amount of sputum are left untreated which ultimately increases the burden of tuberculosis. Such cases can be subjected to induction methods to improve yield of positive result in sputum.Methodology: Study was undertaken on all 538 patients who attended the Chest and Tuberculosis department in DOTS Microscopy centre of HIMS. Intervention was done only in those found smear negative but clinically and radiologically suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis who gave written consent i.e. = 92 subjects (Chest Physiotherapy (N=92); Nebulization (N=92) & Broncho-alveolar lavage (N=14).Results: Out 362 (67%) eligible subjects 228 were sputum negative, 92 patients gave consent for induction were subjected to chest physiotherapy for sputum induction of which 38 (41.3%) subjects came out to be sputum positive. Out of 92 patients subjected to nebulization for sputum induction 40 (43.4%) subjects yield sputum positive result. 14 patients were subjected to BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) method to collect sputum sample of which 7(50%) came out to be sputum positive. (p=0.02).Conclusion: The non-invasive and cost effective methods of sputum induction should be incorporated more commonly in national programme as they provide better yield of sputum positivity.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.397-400
Evaluation of Door To Needle Time For Fibrinolytic Therapy of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Management In Emergency And Traumatology Department (ETD), Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah (HOSHAS), Temerloh, Pahang. Malaysia.
Authors: Mustafar Wadiah , Shamsuddin Sazwan Reezal , Amir Amelia
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction is known with high mortality. The benefits of fibrinolytic administration in STEMI are time dependent. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the door-to-needle time for fibrinolytic therapy in STEMI patients.Methods: A cross sectional study of all patients who had STEMI was carried out to evaluate the management of STEMI. The duration from door-to-ECG time, door-to-needle time and the factors that contribute to the time frame in receiving treatment was reviewed. The outcomes and complications from fibrinolytic therapy were documented as well. The outcomes of the delayed in administering the treatment were also analyzed in the study.Result: Out of 19 patients received fibrinolytics within 30 minutes, 16 patients (84.2%) had good outcome. In 17 patients received fibrinolytics between 30 minutes to 1 hour, 6 patients (35.2%) had good outcome. In 15 patients received fibrinolytics more than 1 hour, 8 patients (53.3%) had good outcome.Conclusion: This study showed that a shorter door-to-needle time results in better outcome.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.407-412
Mirabilis Jalapa L. Protein as Inductor of Apoptosis on UVB-induced Skin Damage in Mice
Authors: Hussaana Atina , Sismindari - , Widyarini Sitarina , Sudjadi - , Ikawati Zullies
Published: June 2017

Background: Mirabilis jalapa L. protein (MJ-Protein) has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Thus, it has a potential protective effect against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage.Objective: To determine the protective effect and mechanism of MJ protein in UVB-radiation exposed mouse skin.Methods: In this experimentalstudy, 30 female BALB/c mice aged 6 weeks were exposed to a single dose of UVB irradiation with 3 minimal erythema doses (MEDs) and continued with the treatment of 0.6 mg MJ-Protein topically. The number of apoptotic body (sunburn cells) formed in epidermal layers of mouse dorsal skin was assessed at 1, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120h after UVB irradiation was compared to that of the control group. The difference in the sunburn cells number between two groups were analyzed using independent T-test with the level of significance of 0.05. The apoptosis mechanism was confirmed qualitatively by caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation analysis in vitro.Results:At 24 h after the UVB exposure (peak time for sunburn cells formation), there was a significant increase in the sunburn cells number in the group treated with topical application of MJ-Protein. There was increased caspase-3 expression and DNA fragmentation in HeLa cells treated with MJ-Protein.Conclusions: MJ-Protein protects againts UVB-induced skin damage in mice trough apoptosis induction.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.423-427
The expression of BCL-G in leukemia and gastrointestinal tissues
Authors: Alenzi Faris Q , Al bukhari Talat A , Al Rabea Mohamed W , Alenazi Reda G , Alenizy Wail O
Published: June 2017

Background & Objective:- BCL-G is a novel protein of Bax (BCL-G associated protein X) that induces caspase-mediated apoptosis. These proteins play important roles in regulating apoptosis in both normal or neoplastic cells, however their cellular and tissue distribution remains to be determined. Thus, the current study objective was to elucidate the distribution and expression pattern of BCL-G in normal and malignant gastrointestinal human tissues.Methods:- The distribution and expression of BCL-G was measured by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit monoclonal antibody against BCL-G in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded, benign or malignant human tissue.Results:- A variable pattern of positive expression of BCL-G was observed within all the tissues studied. BCL-G expression was found to be localized to the cytoplasmic paranuclear granules of the epithelialium in the majority of organs examined. Intensity of BCL-G staining was associated withthe maturation state of benign tissue.Conclusion:- Here we demonstrate that BCL-G exhibits a specific tissue distribution pattern that appears to correlate with cellular differentiation. While such distribution patterns are complex they provide an intriguing insight into overall function that would require further investigation to fully elucidate their physiological/pathological significance.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.433-438
Masked mastoiditis with meningitis : do we treat ct scan?
Authors: Amiruddin Salman Bin , Rahman Roslenda Abdul
Published: June 2017

Otogenic infection is the most common cause of meningitis.Therefore, it should be ruled out during clinical assessment of a patient with any intracranial infection. Masked mastoiditis is a known intratemporal complication of acute otitis media after inadequate antimicrobial treatment. It is defined as inflammation of mucosal lining and bony structures of the mastoid air cells with an intact tympanic membrane. It should be regarded as the source of infection in a patient with meningitis and positive radiological findings of mastoiditis even though the patient does not have any evidence of ear infection clinically. We report a case of bacterial meningitis following masked mastoiditis in an 68-years-old man.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.458-460
A morphological variant of anterior belly of digastric muscle: a cadaveric case report
Authors: Nayak B Satheesha , S Srinivasa Rao , Sudarshan S , Prasad AM , Deepthinath R
Published: June 2017

Occurrence of accessory bellies of anterior belly of digastric muscle (ABD) in the submental region is not uncommon. However reporting of different pattern of accessory bellies is of tremendous clinical significance for head and neck surgeons, radiologists and plastic surgeons. Herein we report a rare asymmetrical variant of ABD in the suprahyoid region. Accessory bellies were observed on either side of midline. On the right side accessory belly had two segments; one segment extended between the lower part of the ABD and hyoid bone, other one extended between the digastric fossa of mandible to the body of hyoid bone. On the left side accessory belly extended between mylohyoid muscle and to the lower part of the ABD.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.461-463
Pasteurella multocida Bacteremia in a Patient with Diabetic Foot Infection
Authors: Md Monoto Ezura Madiana , Wahab Asrul Abdul , Rahman Md Mostafizur
Published: June 2017

Human infection by Pasteurella multocida is commonly associated with cat or dog bite. This is the case report of a 57-year-old lady with chronic diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with non-healing left leg ulcer for three weeks duration. A Pasteurella multocida bacterium was isolated in the Microbiology Laboratory from her blood specimen. Diagnosis and management of the patient are discussed.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.474-476
Role of Whole-Body Tc 99m MDP Bone Scintigraphy for Evaluating Skeletal Metastasis in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Afrin Rawnak , Haque Fatema Sultana , Biswas Shankar Kumar , Hossain Sanowar , Jahan Mahmood Uz
Published: June 2017

Lung cancer is the third most common site of origin of metastatic cancer deposits in bone, after breast and prostate. Its metastasis to bone is one of the most aggressive tumors and has a very unfavorable prognosis.  This retrospective descriptive study was designed to detect the skeletal metastasis of   carcinoma (Ca) lung patient by Tc 99m MDP bone scan. The medical records of all patients attended between January 2015 and July 2015 with a diagnosis of lung cancer were reviewed. Lung cancer in all patients was confirmed pathologically, and patients underwent whole-body bone scan for evaluating skeletal metastasis.  Patient with clinical and laboratory evidence of infection, trauma, metabolic disease or arthropathy were not included in the study. Bone scan was done after three hours of   intravenous administration of 20mci Tc 99m MDP   (methylene diphosphonate) and images were obtained on a gamma camera.  The mean age of the patients was Mean ± SD was 55.5 ± 12.5   with range from 31 to 90 years.  Out of 47 cases, 36 (76.59%) were diagnosed as positive for skeletal metastasis by bone scan and 11 (23.41%) were negative for bony metastasis. Among 36 positive patients, 28 patients (77.86%) were histopathologically diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, 7 patients (19.44%) had squamous cell carcinoma and only one patient (2,7%) had small cell carcinoma. Bone scan findings were compared by either conventional X-ray/CT scan/MRI /pathologically. In present study, the distribution of lesions in bone scan had recorded. Maximum 47.22 % lesions were found in ribs, 27.77% lesions were in lumbar vertebrae, 19.44% in thoracic vertebrae, 19.44% in joints, 16.66% in long bones (femur and humerus), 11.11% in skull bones, 22.22% in pelvic bones, 5.55% in clavicle and 2.77% in scapula. Tc 99m MDP bone scan plays a pivotal role for detection of skeletal metastasis which is very essential to manage Ca lung patient. As bone scintigraphy is very cost effective in govt. nuclear medicine centre in comparison to other imaging modalities, so it can play a major role in detecting skeletal metastasis in ca lung patients in a developing country like Bangladesh.