bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macrophage activation syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus - a case report
Authors: Rogala Maciej , Lorenc Karol , Jabłońska Klaudia , Kuc Michał , Bielawska Olga , Łoś Tomasz , Giżewska Kamila , Gulbicka Marta
Published: August 2023

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening condition that results from the immune system hyperactivation. The primary form of HLH appears mainly in children and is caused by a genetically determined failure of NK and T cells. Secondary (acquired) HLH usually occurs due to insufficiency of these cells caused by other disease entities or drugs. Potential factors that may be responsible for the appearance of this rare condition include: malignancies (especially lymphomas), infections (EBV, CMV, HIV), autoimmune diseases (SLE, Still’s disease). The clinical appearance of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is dominated by persistent fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, pallor of the skin, signs of hemorrhagic diathesis, lymph node enlargement. Characteristic abnormalities in laboratory tests include: hypertriglyceridemia, cytopenia, hyperferritinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia and hypertransaminasemia. One subtype of the secondary form of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, which is associated with rheumatic diseases, is called the macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). The following describes a case of a 26-year-old woman with exacerbated systemic lupus erythematosus, who was admitted to a Rheumatology Unit in severe general condition. Clinical presentation of the patient included primarily: long-lasting fever, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Various test were performed during her hospitalization, including laboratory test and a bone marrow biopsy. Finally, the woman was diagnosed with the macrophage activation syndrome. She was successfully treated with ciclosporin and methylprednisolone.
Smoking cessation strategies: An in-depth analysis of nicotine replacement therapy and alternatives
Authors: Mrozek Łukasz , Hajduk Aleksandra , Puchalski Krzysztof , Zwolski Maciej , Szumlas Zuzanna , Klocek Konrad , Kostecki Bartosz , Jurek Aleksander , Nowak Artur
Published: August 2023

Introduction and purpose: The primary objective of this literature review is to thoroughly investigate the topic of nicotine replacement therapy, considering the latest discoveries and detailing various forms of available nicotine substitution.
Materials and methods: Literature review of PubMed and Google Scholar databases.
State of Knowledge: Tobacco smoking remains one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide, accounting for millions of deaths each year. Nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco, is responsible for sustaining cigarette smoking patterns and making smoking cessation particularly challenging. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is now considered one of the primary methods to help individuals quit smoking by reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings associated with cessation.
Conclusions: Over the years, extensive research has confirmed the effectiveness and safety of NRT, resulting in the development of different forms of nicotine substitution. The outcomes of using these various forms are similar and premature discontinuation by patients remains a primary reason for NRT failure. Therefore, it is crucial for each patient to select the form of NRT that meets their individual preferences. The best results are obtained by combining multiple forms of substitution simultaneously, as well as integrating them with other therapeutic methods.
Mandatory and recommended immunizations. Contraindications to vaccination and adverse reaction to vaccination in the context of liability for failure to vaccinate a minor (Article 115 § 2 of the Code of Offenses.)
Authors: Ćwik-Błotnicka Dominika , Błotnicki Maciej
Published: August 2023

Introduction: the issue of immunizations constantly raises discussion. Undoubtedly, they are an effective preventive measure and play a key role in protecting public health. However, the public still holds the view that the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine causes autism, despite numerous studies refuting its effect on the development of autism. Adverse vaccine reactions are also a cause of concern, although they are most often a mild bodily reaction.

The purpose of the study: was to analyze the research problem, which is, in principle, the exclusion of liability of a person having custody of a minor for the offense of failing to vaccinate him/her with mandatory immunization in the presence of a contraindication to vaccination. The law on compulsory vaccination is discussed, taking into account the occurrence of a medical reason for non-vaccination. The scope of the subject of vaccination, adverse reaction to vaccination and contraindications to vaccination are presented.

Materials and methods: databases such as PubMed and Legal Information Systems (LEX and Legalis) were searched. They relied on the Immunization Program in effect in 2023 and current criminal and medical literature and court decisions.

Results: there is a collision of goods of an individual nature in the form of restriction of the right to self-determination, manifested in the obsolescence of the obligation to obtain the patient's consent to undergo a qualifying examination and immunization, with a good of a supra-individual nature in the form of public health security by ensuring the highest possible level of collective immunity.

Conclusions: it is important to find a balance between the right to decide about the health of one's child and the duty to take care of public health, in order to ensure optimal results for both individuals and society as a whole.
Skin aging from the medical point of view, literature review in the aspect of tissue stimulants
Authors: Branewska Justyna , Imioło Jan , Ostrowska Barbara , Matysek Mikołaj , Olszanicka Anna , Maciąg Anna , Niemiec Rafał , Hop Izabela , Kołodziejczyk Kacper , Galas Adam
Published: August 2023

Introduction and purpose of the work.  Aesthetic medicine currently has many methods to keep our skin in the best possible condition, and one of these methods is the use of tissue stimulators. The purpose of the following paper is to analyze, present and apply tissue stimulators in anti-aging prevention.
Review methods. The paper is based on a review of literature about tissue stimulators, aesthetic medicine and anti-aging therapy. Most of the publications used were from Pubmed and Google Scholar electronic databases.
State of the art description. Aesthetic medicine is a department that over the past few years has been closely associated with the slowing down of skin aging processes. In humans, over the years, proliferative processes slow down, the rate of collagen and elastin degradation increases, and the intercellular matrix is reduced. Substances known as tissue stimulators used in anti-aging therapies mean that the above processes can be delayed.
Conclusion. The expectations of patients visiting aesthetic medicine clinics regarding activities that improve their appearance are increasing. They are unable to accept their own aesthetic defects, which is why they often strive for unnatural effects. Tissue simulator treatments can be a valuable way for patients to maintain healthy and rejuvenated skin.
Allergic march: a comprehensive approach to diagnosing, treating and preventing atopic diseases
Authors: Suwala Zuzanna , Marchewka Urszula , Bieńkowski Borys , Feja Krzysztof , Łuczak Ewa , Jachowicz Krzysztof , Petryla Piotr , Ostafin Kamil , Rektor Natalia , Minkner Mikołaj
Published: August 2023

The article discusses the phenomenon of allergic march, which is a progressive process of atopic disease development in allergic patients. The inflammatory process changes localization, causing various symptoms such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis and eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergic march has a major impact on the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis. The diversity of allergic march trajectories is due to the interaction of genetic, environmental and psychosocial factors. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial to prevent effectively the progression of allergic diseases. The article also discusses the advantages of sublingual immunotherapy (SILT) in the treatment of allergic diseases. SILT shows safety profile and may be more acceptable treatment option for the patients comparing to the traditional subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). There are evidence of the beneficial effects of SILT in reducing allergy symptoms and improving quality of life in allergic patients.
Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators - A Review of Potential Uses, Benefits, Side effects and Limitations
Authors: Ostafin Kamil , Edyko Krzysztof , Petryla Piotr , Minkner Mikołaj , Bienkowski Borys , Feja Krzysztof , Suwała Zuzanna , Rektor Natalia , Łuczak Ewa , Marchewka Urszula
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are a group of chemical compounds capable of selectively activating androgen receptors (ARs) in the body. These substances can play a significant role in a new therapeutic approach in various fields of medicine, limiting the side effects associated with traditional anabolic steroids. In this article, we will focus on an overview of the current scientific knowledge on SARMs, their mechanisms of action, potential therapeutic applications, risks and challenges related to their use. 
Aim of the study: The primary aim of this study was to to present potential use of selective androgen receptor modulators in sport and treatment focusing on its benefits and limitations as well as side effects aspects. 
State of Knowledge:  SARMs in research show therapeutic benefits in the treatment of diseases such as osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, muscle diseases and some types of cancer. Some studies suggest that few SARMs may be hepatotoxic. Most research on SARMs has been short-term, so the long-term effects of their use remain poorly understood. 
Conclusion: The popularity of SARMs is constantly growing, and research on their use in medicine and sports provides more and more new ways to use them. Despite promising results, these compounds still pose many scientific challenges and raise legitimate concerns about their long-term effects on human health.
Creatine and the plurality of its uses, with emphasis on its supplementation in sports
Authors: Minkner Mikołaj , Petryla Piotr , Ostafin Kamil , Edyko Krzysztof , Suwała Zuzanna , Feja Krzysztof , Bieńkowski Borys , Marchewka Urszula , Łuczak Ewa , Rektor Natalia
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Creatine is a non-protein amino acid that is synthesized endogenously mainly in the liver, kidney or pancreas, and also supplied exogenously with food, especially meat. The use of dietary supplements containing creatine is becoming increasingly popular, as evidenced by sales of $400 million per year.Aim of the study: The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential applications of exogenous creatine with a particular focus on its use in sport.
State of Knowledge: Regular use of creatine contributes to water retention in the body as well as muscle hypertrophy. This leads to improved athletic performance, faster recovery as well as a shorter recovery period after injury. The potential use of creatine as an aid in the treatment of depression seems extremely interesting, but these reports require further research.
Conclusion: Creatine is currently one of the most popular dietary supplements. Not only is it widely used in sport, where it shows a number of benefits, but research is also underway into its use in medicine.
Utilizing Artificial Intelligence Tools Using the GPT Chatbot in Medicine - A Review of Flaws, Advantages, and Limitations
Authors: Edyko Krzysztof , Petryla Piotr , Ostafin Kamil , Minkner Mikołaj , Bieńkowski Borys , Feja Krzysztof , Suwała Zuzanna , Rektor Natalia , Łuczak Ewa , Marchewka Urszula
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI), including Large Language Models (LLM), is becoming increasingly significant in the field of medicine. Chat GPT, the most popular tool based on LLM technology, utilizes deep learning techniques. Currently, there is a growing body of research evaluating the potential applications of Chat GPT in medicine, and our study is based on an analysis of review articles from the largest medical database, PubMed.

Aim of the study: The primary aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the utilization of Chat GPT in medicine, focusing on identifying its positive and negative aspects as well as limitations.

State of Knowledge: Previous studies have demonstrated a rapid improvement in the efficacy of responses provided by Chat GPT. It has the potential to support diagnostics, therapy, patient communication, and medical education, thereby enhancing the quality of healthcare. However, there are certain issues associated with the implementation of this technology in the field of medical sciences, such as concerns regarding data sources, responsibility, and ethics when relying on responses generated by bots. Moreover, evident and concerning algorithmic flaws need to be addressed.

Conclusions: Chat GPT, due to its accessibility and continuous improvement, has become one of the greatest hopes for the development of various industries, including medicine. It can be widely used to support educational processes and enhance efficiency in medicine. However, the use of such tools entails numerous challenges and issues, as they still have several drawbacks and limitations, such as ethical considerations and source verification. Further research on the utility of this tool is therefore necessary.
„Klasztor w…”, czyli czego nie wiecie o sesjach klasztornych
Authors: Pobóg-Lenartowicz Anna
Published: August 2023

The article presents the genesis of a conference cycle dedicated to the issue of monasteries and organised by the Institute of History of the University of Opole and the Institute of History of the University of Wrocław in the years 1993–2015. These conferences were dedicated to the issue of the role of monasteries in the culture, society, economy, towns, Church and music in the Middle Ages as well as in the early modern period. They comprised almost 1000 participants from Poland and abroad, both secular and cleric. Surely, the conferences contributed to popularising of the research on the medieval and modern monasticism in many scientific and research centres of Poland.
Codzienność i święta w klasztorze Benedyktynek sandomierskich w drugiej połowie XVIII w. na podstawie kroniki klasztornej
Authors: Szylar Anna
Published: August 2023

The article has been prepared on the basis of a monastery chronicle, written during the reign of the prioress Marianna Siemianowska (1762–1803). In the introductory part, the chronicle includes information about the history of the convent from foundation times to the middle of the eighteenth century. Records from the years 1762–1780 constitute here an essential part. Among these notes, one can find very interesting information about customs and practices connected with different aspects of the religious and everyday life of the Sandomierz nuns. Based on such descriptions, it is possible to reconstruct the atmosphere of Christmas preparations, practices during the Great Fast, the Easter tradition, customs concerning the worship of saints from the Benedictine order and many other religious practices. We also find mentions about the traditions of conducting services for founders and benefactors of the monastery, for late prioresses, or finally information about the custom of celebrating the name days of prioresses and the chaplain of nuns. The analysis of chronicle records allows us to reconstruct the atmosphere predominant in the convent during the second half of the eigteenth century as well as many elements of the nuns’ spiritual life.
Z dziejów klasztoru Kapucynów w Lubartowie w latach 1864–1867
Authors: OFMCap Roland Prejs
Published: August 2023

During the dissolution of monasteries in the Kingdom of Poland, conducted in 1864, the monastery of the Capuchins in Lubartów was considered as an unestablished monastery. It could exist to the death of the last monk but without the right of accepting novices. A call to choose new superordinates was one of the first decisions of the tsarist authorities after the dissolution. In Lubartów, the father Faustyn Jarzębiński became a superordinate at that time. On demand of the stateauthorities, shortages in other monasteries of Capuchins – which were not dissolved, especially inNowe Miasto on the Pilica River – were quickly completed from the staff members of the monasteryin Lubartów. Consequently, already in 1867, the tsarist authorities stated that a number ofmonks living in the monastery of Lubartów is too small, so it should be dissolved, which took placeon 25 February 1867. One of the monks was to stay in place to conduct services, but the fatherWładysław Wolski, assigned to this function, had health problems and he could meet these duties.Due to the lack of choice, the tsarist authorities agreed that this function would be performed bythe forging superordinate, father Faustyn Jarzębiński, although it was against the state regulations.Jarzębiński died in Lubartów on 14 May 1885.
Czy zawołanie było elementem polskiego herbu rycerskiego?
Authors: Wroniszewski Jan
Published: August 2023

There is a belief in Polish historiography that the Polish knightly coat of arms in medieval timesconsisted of two elements: a visual sign (in the form of a classical coat of arms) and a vocal signcalled an invocation (proclamatio), usually expressed by a single word. This view, however, needsa thorough revision. The invocation was not an integral element of a medieval knight’s coat ofarms. In fact, there has never been a proof procedure on this issue. An analysis of Polish historiographyshows that the contested position was formulated on the margins of nineteenth-centurystudies on the system of early medieval Polish society. This happened without adequate sourcesupport and mainly as a consequence of a misinterpretation of the residually used material.
Mujeres al oriente de Cali: desigualdades al descubierto
Authors: Castillo Valencia María , Jiménez Restrepo Diana Marcela , Valdés Zambrano Diana Patricia , Salazar Boris
Published: August 2023

Desde una intervención en el territorio, este libro estudia la situación socioeconómica estructural de las mujeres, en condición de vulnerabilidad, en el oriente de Cali. Analiza, a la vez, no solo cómo ellas —mujeres jóvenes, pobres y afro— toman las decisiones relacionadas con su supervivencia económica y la de sus familias, sino cómo enfrentan el riesgo de violencia que experimentan en lo cotidiano y cómo han desarrollado la resiliencia y las capacidades necesarias para sobrevivir en un medio hostil. En este caso, la intervención en el territorio estuvo enmarcada por dos coyunturas: una local y otra mundial, suscitadas por la pandemia por covid-19 y por el Paro Nacional de 2021. La primera paralizó la economía, por el confinamiento estricto, que empeoró las condiciones estructurales de pobreza de las mujeres y aumentó la violencia en su contra. Así, a las condiciones precarias que ya sufrían, se sumó el levantamiento popular, en el que las personas jóvenes de sectores populares reclamaban mejores condiciones de vida; sin embargo, se muestra cómo ello les permitió a las mujeres participar en espacios de debate y conversación ciudadana sobre las causas del levantamiento, la respuesta del Gobierno y su participación activa en este fenómeno social, único en el país, y cómo emergieron formas de solidaridad y sociabilidad que pueden dar indicios sobre nuevos modos de intervención y de solidaridad comunitaria.
The Impact of Vertical Integration on Physician Behavior and Healthcare Delivery: Evidence from Gastroenterology Practices
Authors: Saghafian Soroush , Song Lina , Newhouse Joseph , Landrum Mary Beth , Hsu John
Published: August 2023

The U.S. healthcare system is undergoing a period of substantial change with hospitals purchasing many physician practices (“vertical integration”). In theory, this vertical integration could improve quality by promoting care coordination but could also worsen it by impacting the care delivery patterns. The evidence quantifying these effects is limited because of the lack of understanding of how physicians’ behaviors alter in response to the changes in financial ownership and incentive structures of the integrated organizations. We study the impact of vertical integration by examining Medicare patients treated by gastroenterologists, a specialty with a large outpatient volume and a recent increase in vertical integration. Using a causal model and large-scale patient-level national panel data that includes 2.6 million patient visits across 5,488 physicians, we examine changes in various measures of care delivery. We find that physicians significantly alter their care process (e.g., in using anesthesia with deep sedation) after they vertically integrate, and there is a substantial increase in patients’ postprocedure complications. We further provide evidence that the financial incentive structure of the integrated practices is the main reason for the changes in physician behavior because it discourages the integrated practices from allocating expensive resources to relatively unprofitable procedures. We also find that, although integration improves operational efficiency (e.g., measured by physicians’ throughput), it negatively affects quality and overall spending. Finally, to shed light on potential mechanisms through which policymakers can mitigate the negative consequences of vertical integration, we perform both mediation and cost-effectiveness analyses and highlight some useful policy levers.

This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4886 .
The effect of ambient outside temperatures on scoop stretchers
Authors: Haley Anthony , Gibson Iain , Graham Christine , Guthrie Iain , Newins Dominique
Published: August 2023

Background:

Scoop stretchers are commonly used in the prehospital care of trauma patients. Patients' clothing is often removed early in the care pathway. There may be unidentified risks if scoop stretchers are particularly cold.

Aims:

The primary aim of this research was to establish if there is a positive correlation between scoop temperatures and outside temperatures when this equipment is stored without access to vehicle heating.

Methods:

The authors recruited volunteers at ambulance locations across Scotland to measure scoop temperatures using infrared thermometers. These were compared to outside temperatures at that time. Data were subject to bivariate quantitative analysis to assess correlation strength.

Findings:

Results demonstrated that there was a moderate-to-strong correlation between scoop temperatures and outside temperatures (mean +3.0°C; P<0.001). There was no significant difference for other variables measured.

Conclusion:

Without active heating, scoop stretchers will be only marginally warmer than the outside temperature, sometimes colder than the outside temperature and sometimes below freezing point.
Equivalent Circuits of Dipole Antennas for Broadband Applications
Authors: Wang Binwen , Ning Hui , Yan Youjie , Cao Chengyun , Zhu Meiqi
Published: August 2023

In this paper distributed parameter equivalent circuits are developed for linear dipoles, dielectric coated dipoles and lumped loaded dipoles. Theoretical solutions for each distributed parameter and the reasonable non-uniform segmentation of antennas serve as the foundation for the derivation. The accomplished validations of the modeling procedures indicate that the given equivalent circuits are capable of correctly describing dipole antennas in frequency and time domains, with the advantages of wideband, frequency independence and unambiguous physical meaning. Relying on the presented equivalent circuits, broadband issues such as simulating input impedance, predicting equivalent lengths and computing transient responses of dipole antennas can be readily addressed. In addition, the circuit model provides helpful insights into the analysis and design for the loaded dipole antennas.
Shaping the Probability Density Function of the Output Response in a Reverberation Chamber
Authors: Xu Qian , Tian Feng , Zhao Yongjiu , Jia Rui , Cheng Erwei , Xing Lei
Published: August 2023

This paper shows that the received power and E-field in a reverberation chamber (RC) can be shaped by tuning the statistical properties of input signals. For a given probability density function (PDF) of an RC response, the Fourier transform method can be applied to find the PDF of the input signal. Numerical and measurement verifications are given to validate the theory. Limitations are also analyzed and discussed.
Dilemmas in Diagnosing Popliteal Swellings: Nodular Fasciitis Masquerading as Baker’s Cyst
Authors: Sonkusale Aashay , Gandhi Pratik , Andhale Siddheshwar , Singla Dishant
Published: August 2023

Introduction: This is a case of a popliteal swelling which was clinically misdiagnosed as a simple popliteal cyst, which turned out to be a benign fibroblastic tumor featuring nodular fasciitis (NF). A swelling in the popliteal fossa by and large is considered to be a Baker’s cyst. However, an array of other lesions which can be encountered such as fibroma featuring NF, meniscal cysts, lipoma, aneurysms, bursitis of the biceps femoris tendon, and schwannoma should also be borne in mind since clinical and radiological evaluation may not always be conclusive. This case report presents fibroma featuring NF masquerading as Baker’s cyst, which has not been described in any literature that the authors could find hitherto, making it a unique case. Case Report: A 20-year-old male man presented to the outpatient department with a solitary palpable mass on the posterior aspect of his right knee for the past 3 years associated with difficulty in squatting for the past 3 months. The mass gradually was well defined and increased gradually in size to the current size of 10*9 cm, irregular soft to firm in consistency, spherical, non-tender, and non-reducible on the posterior aspect of the popliteal fossa. Local ultrasonography showed evidence of heterogeneous hypoechoic lesion with signs of inflammation; underlying bony cortices appeared to be normal. A clinical diagnosis of Baker’s cyst was made and an excisional biopsy was performed. Microscopically, histologic sections showed fibroblasts arranged in loose fascicular patterns intermixed with small amount of collagen and myxoid stroma. Conclusion: Popliteal masses need not always be simple Baker’s cyst, and careful evaluation of the mass in the popliteal fossa is always mandatory. Radiologic investigations may not always be conclusive and biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. Keywords: Popliteal cyst, nodular fasciitis, benign, excisional biopsy.
A Rare Case of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma of the Knee Joint
Authors: Zade Bhooshan , Rao Vrushab , Patil Tushar , Chharchhodawala Taher
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), which makes up only 2–5% of instances of NHL, is a rare and aggressive form of the disease. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-positive ALCL is a variant of the illness that is identified by the presence of an ALK gene fusion. The disease is most commonly confined to the nodes, but extranodal spread has been reported. Skin and soft tissue are the most frequently identified locations for extranodal involvement, while joints are extremely rare. We describe a rare case of ALCL affecting the knee joint that is ALK -positive. Case Report: A 51-year-old female presented with pain in her right knee. It was diagnosed as synovitis and treated accordingly. The symptoms did not relieve and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was performed that indicated a meniscus tear. She was treated for it; however, the symptoms worsened. She underwent two more scans (1 MRI and 1 PET) that indicated an enhancing polypoidal mass in the knee joint, and two arthroscopic procedures. The histopathology report indicated an ALK-positive ALCL. She was treated with Brentuximab vedotin + CHP followed by involved-site radiotherapy to the postoperative region with margins. The patient has had a complete clinical and pathological response which was assessed after 1 year from the start of the treatment. Conclusion: This is the first instance of primary ALK-positive ALCL affecting the knee joint that has been documented, to the best of our knowledge. The case emphasizes the significance of taking ALCL into account when determining the differential diagnosis of knee joint tumors as well as the requirement for a thorough assessment of extranodal involvement. Keywords: Lymphoma, knee joint, ALCL, extranodal lymphoma, ISRT, chemotherapy, arthroscopic surgery.
Awareness of Stress Concentration Points for Prevention and Management of Periprosthetic Fractures Following Plate Installation Reinforcement: A Case Report
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroto , Yoshimoto Nobuyuki , Okazaki Ken
Published: August 2023

Introduction: In an aging society, the incidence of periprosthetic fractures will increase owing to the increasing number of patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. We experienced a case of recurrent periprosthetic fracture in a patient who had undergone ipsilateral hip bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) and total knee arthroplasty. Based on our experience, we discuss the treatment strategy for periprosthetic fractures in patients at a high risk of fall. Case Report: An 84-year-old woman, who had undergone total knee arthroplasty 9 years ago and ipsilateral hip BHA 2 years ago, sustained a knee condylar fracture (Su classification type III) due to fall. This knee periprosthetic fracture posed a challenge for osteosynthesis; therefore, revision total knee arthroplasty was performed using a hinge-type prosthesis. During this surgery, we installed a reinforcement plate on the femoral shaft to prevent fractures because of the short stem tip distance between the hip and knee prosthesis (53 mm). The procedure was successful, and the patient regained her walking ability. However, 6 months after surgery, the patient sustained a hip periprosthetic fracture (Vancouver type B2) due to a fall, despite precautionary plate installation. In case of hip stem insertion, the stress caused by fall is concentrated on the infratrochanteric region, as reflected in her fracture site. From a mechanical perspective, this fracture was not accidental. The plate reinforcement procedure may have been inadequate because the top of the plate was located at the infratrochanteric region. Conclusion: Periprosthetic fractures may occur despite the installation of a plate for fracture prevention. With a total hip arthroplasty or hip BHA stem inserted, a fall could result in a subtrochanteric fracture. Keywords: Periprosthetic fracture, interprosthetic fracture, plate reinforcement, stress concentration.
Atypical Presentation of Gouty Tophus as Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Reddy Satti Lakshmana , Mootha Aditya , Bajjangi Uma , Gundu Gangadhar
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Gouty tophi generally develop around 10 years after the first attack of gout in untreated patients and are commonly found around feet, hands, and elbows. However, tophi can also occur as first sign of disorder. Tophaceous gout presenting in young at the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose because of its atypical presentation and no hallmark features in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Case Report: Here, we report a 25-year-old man manual worker with no prior history of gout has presented with left knee pain and locking episodes for 3 weeks, X-ray shows no abnormality, on advanced imaging with MRI, a well-defined cyst noted adjacent to PCL toward lateral aspect. During arthroscopy, a cyst was seen between anterior cruciate ligament and PCL with the extrusion of chalky paste-like material on puncturing the cyst. The tophus was biopsied and excised arthroscopically with excellent outcome. Conclusion: This case report demonstrates that gout does not only always cause severe joint pain from inflammatory arthritis, but can also cause mechanical pain and locking of joint atypically presenting as intra-articular tophi. Hence, gout should also be considered in differential diagnosis of intra-articular cyst. Arthroscopic removal and continuous urate-lowering therapy provide excellent outcomes for such atypical presentations. Keywords: Gout, intra-articular tophi, posterior cruciate ligament cyst, case report.
Simultaneous Bilateral Femoral Neck Fractures in a Pediatric Patient Attributed to Epilepsy Convulsion: A Case Report
Authors: Honjo Takashi , Okamoto Takeshi
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Bilateral femoral neck fractures are rare among children. Although several case reports have been published, fractures caused by epilepsy attacks in children have not been reported in the literature. This is the first report of simultaneous bilateral femoral neck fractures in a pediatric patient with epilepsy convulsions. Case Report: This is a case of a child with bilateral femoral neck fractures caused by epileptic seizures. A 13-year-old Japanese boy had an epileptic seizure and was admitted to our hospital. The patient complained of bilateral thigh pain. Plain radiography revealed a bilateral femoral neck fracture. Conclusion: The patient’s simultaneous bilateral femoral neck fractures were successfully managed with closed reduction and internal fixation, a careful postoperative course, and ultrasound fracture therapy. Despite the delay in diagnosis, bone union was confirmed 6 months postoperatively. Pediatric bilateral femoral neck fractures without a history of trauma are rare and likely to be missed. This case was a teachable experience highlighting the importance of being vigilant about fractures in children with postepileptic seizures. Keywords: Pediatric femoral neck fracture, epilepsy, anti-seizure medication.
Total Scapular Prosthesis, an Option for the Treatment of Scapular Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Himer Nabile , Antoni Maxime , Soares Sérgio , Brinkert David , Di Marco Antonio
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Chondrosarcoma has the highest prevalence among the primary malignant bone tumors in adults over the age of 50, and the scapular region is the most affected anatomical site. Case Report: We report the case of a 66-year-old female patient, with no previous medical history, who consulted for aggravating mixed, non-specific, and atraumatic pain in the right shoulder, evolving for a year. The radiological assessment, including a computed tomography (CT) scan, a magnetic resonance imaging, and a tumor CT-guided biopsy, confirmed the diagnosis of a Grade 2 chondrosarcoma. A curative surgical treatment was performed, by an extended tumor resection and simultaneous joint reconstruction by a reversed total shoulder prosthesis with a custom-made total scapular prosthesis. This option allows to maintain survival prognosis, associated with the preservation of upper limb function. Conclusion: The results were conclusive at the curative level and very encouraging from the functional point of view with progressive and partial recovery of the articular amplitudes, allowing the preservation of patient’s autonomy and quality of life. No complications such as scapular dislocation or tumor recurrence were documented at 3-year postoperative follow-up. Keywords: Chondrosarcoma, shoulder, total scapular prosthesis, shoulder prosthesis.
Lateral Ankle Instability after Rotational Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Pechlivani Christina , Grammatikopoulou Danai , Antonoglou Georgios , Pelopidas Thomas , Varvarousis Dimitrios , Vrettakos Aristeidis
Published: August 2023

Introduction: One of the most common orthopedic injuries seen in patients at the emergency department is that of the ankle. There are some efficient protocols for their treatment, but more often the clinician is focused in finding and treating possible fractures and disregards ligamentous lesions that lead to instability if they become chronic. Case Report: A patient that suffered an ankle sprain was improperly handled, developed lateral instability of the ankle, and was treated surgically using an autologous semitendinosus graft. A 42-year-old Caucasian male that after an ankle sprain was examined in various primary health-care centers, four times within 6 months, with persistent symptoms of his left ankle. After all these months, he was eventually diagnosed with post-traumatic lateral instability of the ankle that was resistant to conservative treatment. In stress view X-rays, the talar tilt angle was 21° and the anterior drawer was measured at 13 mm. The patient was treated surgically with reconstruction of the anterior talofibular and the calcaneofibular ligament using an autologous semitendinosus graft from the left knee. The graft was pinned in the anatomical insertion sites of the ligaments with absorbable screws. A post-surgical physiotherapy regimen was ap-plied for 2 months. In the post-surgical dynamic stress view X-rays, the talar tilt angle and the anterior drawer were markedly improved, measured at 3° and 4 mm, respectively. In 11 months post-surgical follow-up, the patient’s American Foot and Ankle Score was 85, from the 60 evaluated before treatment. Conclusion: The use of guidelines, regular follow-ups, and functional rehabilitation are key factors to treating ankle injuries. The reconstruction of lateral collateral ligament complex with a semitendinosus graft is one of the surgical options for restoring lateral ankle instability. Keywords: Ankle sprain, autologous semitendinosus graft, lateral instability of the ankle.
An Unusually Massive Haemorrhagic Superficial Infrapatellar Bursa Excised in a One-stage Procedure: Case Report
Authors: Abdelghany Mohamed , Abdelrazak Ahmed , Raafat Mohamed , Fattouh Eslam
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Superficial infrapatellar bursitis may be traumatic, inflammatory, or infectious. It rarely attains massive dimensions. Open excision can be performed as a one-stage or a two-stage procedure, and endoscopy can be an alternative. We report a chronic, unusually massive, hemorrhagic infrapatellar bursa which we resected totally in a single stage procedure with no significant complications. Case Report: A 65-year-old male farmer presented with a chronic massive swelling in front of the right knee which first appeared 4 years earlier and had no effect on his general condition. The mass was excised in a one-stage procedure and it was found to be a hemorrhagic bursitis. The wound healed uneventfully and, on follow-up 7 weeks later, the patient was able to perform full flexion and extension of the knee. Conclusion: Two-stage procedures for excision are effective, but one-stage procedures are equally effective in chronic cases, provided the dissection is performed meticulously and atraumatically. Keywords: Infra-patellar bursitis, knee mass, hemorrhagic bursitis.
"If they send him off, I think I shall not long be safe myself": Contesting Early American Citizenship in the Longchamps Affair, 1784–1786
Authors: Thomas Connie
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Through the little known Longchamps Affair, this article explores the interaction between state and national, and popular and legal, conceptions of American citizenship during the founding era. In 1784, French migrant Charles Julien de Longchamps attacked a French diplomat on the streets of Philadelphia, sparking a national debate on what it meant to be an American citizen. While the French government demanded his expatriation, in an unexpected turn of events, Longchamps alleged that he had been naturalised as a citizen of Pennsylvania the day before the attack, and consequently had the right to stand trial in the United States. The affair became a national referendum on the nature of American citizenship. Officials employed a state-centric, legal vision of membership inherited from the colonial period to argue that Longchamps was not an American citizen and advocate for his removal. These claims were disputed in newspaper coverage across the United States, which instead contended that Longchamps' commitment to revolutionary values proved his citizenship, invoking a broader national community. The public perceived Longchamps' fate as inherently tied to their own, demonstrating that a shared sense of belonging across the United States was equally as important as state membership in shaping how citizenship was understood in real terms. The Longchamps Affair provides a window into the ambiguous and contested nature of membership during the founding decades, both in determining what constituted American citizenship, and how the rights conferred by citizenship differed for native-born Americans and naturalized migrants.
Laser-induced molecular contamination de-risking activity for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Authors: Bartels Nils , Vogel Moritz , Riede Wolfgang , Dahl Christian , Voss Kai-Cristian , Ciapponi Alessandra , Martins Ricardo , Mondin Linda
Published: August 2023

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be the first
space-based gravitational wave observatory. LISA uses continuous-wave,
infrared laser beams propagating among three widely separated
spacecrafts to measure their distances with picometer accuracy via
time-delay interferometry. These measurements put very high demands on
the laser wavefront and are thus very sensitive to any deposits on
laser optics that could be induced by laser-induced molecular
contamination (LIMC). In this work, we describe the results of an
extensive experimental test campaign assessing LIMC related risks for
LISA. We find that the LIMC concern for LISA, even considering the
high demands on the laser wavefront, may be greatly reduced compared
to that observed at shorter wavelengths or with pulsed laser
radiation. This result is very promising for LISA as well as for other
space missions using continuous-wave, infrared laser radiation,
e.g., in free space laser communication or quantum key
distribution.
Low-cost printed holography for the generation of structured light
Authors: Torres-Leal Fernando , Moreno-Rodriguez Hugo A. , Rubio-Perez Juan P. , Hernandez-Aranda Raul I. , Rosales-Guzmán Carmelo , Perez-Garcia Benjamin
Published: August 2023

Recently, the study of structured light fields has attracted great interest, which includes their generation and characterization techniques, as well as their application. Most of these techniques rely on the use of expensive devices, such as liquid crystal spatial light modulators or digital micromirror devices that also require specialized knowledge and software. In this work, we present a scheme for producing low-cost amplitude holograms for the generation of structured light fields. We demonstrate the feasibility of this technique by creating a variety of paraxial modes, such as the well-known Laguerre–Gaussian and Hermite–Gaussian beams. We also demonstrate the potential of our technique in solving the phase retrieval problem to generate 2D and 3D holographic images of objects. Finally, we compare our proposal with the typical generation techniques using digital micromirror devices. Our proposal will pave the path for the generation of structured light beams in more affordable ways for the application in undergrad laboratories.
Dirac gratings
Authors: Saeidi Shayan , Cheben Pavel , Schmid Jens H. , Berini Pierre
Published: August 2023

We propose the concept of a Dirac grating, where periodic permittivity perturbations approach a train of Dirac functions. We show that Dirac gratings can yield identical spectral characteristics for higher-order gratings compared to first-order gratings of the same length. Using an inverse Fourier transform technique, we design different types of Dirac gratings, including structures operating at the exceptional point where parity-time symmetry breaks down, producing unidirectional reflectance. We employ analytical and numerical techniques to validate our theory by modelling practical examples of Dirac gratings implemented in dielectric stacks and silicon nanophotonic waveguides.
Transmissive Pancharatnam-Berry metasurfaces with stable amplitude and precise phase modulations using dartboard discretization configuration
Authors: Cheng Gong , Si Liming , Shen Qitao , Niu Rong , Yuan Qianqian , Bao Xiue , Sun Houjun , Ding Jun
Published: August 2023

Metasurfaces are ultra-thin artificial structures capable of flexibly manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves. Among various applications, phase modulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves using metasurfaces holds great significance. The Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) metasurfaces provides a complete 2π phase modulation by simply rotating the meta-atom. However, the fixed lattice in rotation employed by traditional P-B metasurfaces often results in unstable amplitude and imprecise P-B phase, leading to performance degradation. In this work, we demonstrate transmissive P-B metasurfaces with stable amplitude and precise phase modulation. To ensure stable amplitude and precise P-B phase, we adopt a dartboard discretization configuration with a hexagonal lattice for the meta-atom design. By applying topology optimization to the encoding sequence formed by surface pixels and dimensions, we significantly enhancing the high transmissive bandwidth of the optimized meta-atom. Furthermore, the optimized meta-atom exhibits a stable amplitude and precise P-B phase for each rotation angle. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, two metasurfaces for single and multiplexed vortex beams generating are designed utilizing the optimized meta-atom. Both the simulated and measured results indicate high mode purity of generated vortex beams. The design method can also be readily extended to other high performance metasurfaces with stable amplitude and precise phase manipulations, which can enhance the efficiency and capacity of metasurface-assisted holographic imaging and 6 G wireless communication systems.
Maternal emulsifier consumption programs offspring metabolic and neuropsychological health in mice
Authors: Milà-Guasch Maria , Ramírez Sara , Llana Sergio R. , Fos-Domènech Júlia , Dropmann Lea Maria , Pozo Macarena , Eyre Elena , Gómez-Valadés Alicia G. , Obri Arnaud , Haddad-Tóvolli Roberta , Claret Marc
Published: August 2023

Modern lifestyle is associated with a major consumption of ultra–processed foods (UPF) due to their practicality and palatability. The ingestion of emulsifiers, a main additive in UPFs, has been related to gut inflammation, microbiota dysbiosis, adiposity, and obesity. Maternal unbalanced nutritional habits during embryonic and perinatal stages perturb offspring’s long–term metabolic health, thus increasing obesity and associated comorbidity risk. However, whether maternal emulsifier consumption influences developmental programming in the offspring remains unknown. Here, we show that, in mice, maternal consumption of dietary emulsifiers (1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and 1% P80 in drinking water), during gestation and lactation, perturbs the development of hypothalamic energy balance regulation centers of the progeny, leads to metabolic impairments, cognition deficits, and induces anxiety–like traits in a sex–specific manner. Our findings support the notion that maternal consumption of emulsifiers, common additives of UPFs, causes mild metabolic and neuropsychological malprogramming in the progeny. Our data call for nutritional advice during gestation.