bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANUSCRIPTS DO NOT BURN... AND DO NOT AGE... REVIEW OF THE BOOK OF DOCTOR OF CHEMISTRY, PROFESSOR EDUARD IMERIKHOVICH CHUPKA "REDOX TRANSFORMATIONS OF LIGNIN AND CARBOHY-DRATES DURING ALKALINE TREATMENTS OF WOOD"
Authors: Akim Eduard L'vovich
Published: November 2023

The article provides a detailed review of the book by E.I. Chupka "Redox transformations of lignin and carbohydrates in alkaline wood processing". The facts of the history of the formation of the scientific school of E.I. Chupka and its influence on modern research in the field of wood chemistry.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ONE-STEP METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALLOBETULIN FROM BIRCH BARK AND STUDY OF ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Skurydina Yevgeniya Sergeyevna , Vasil'yeva Natal'ya Yur'yevna , Kuznetsova Svetlana Alekseyevna , Titova Nadezhda Mitrofanovna , Kuznetsov Boris Nikolayevich
Published: November 2023

Birch bark contains extractive substances of the lupan types that have pharmacological activity and are of interest for obtaining new medicines. The predominant component of external birch bark extracts is pentacyclic triterpene alcohol - betulin. Allobetulin (19,28-epoxy-oleanan-3-ol) is an isomer of betulin and belongs to the pentacyclic triterpenoids of the oleanane types. Allobetulin and its derivatives are non-toxic compounds and they have antiviral, antimicrobial and antitumor activities. A new one-step method for producing allobetulin directly from birch bark by combining the stages of betulin extraction with ethanol and its isomerization into allobetulin in the presence of phosphoric acid catalyst was developed. The effect of the duration of birch bark treatment with ethanol and H3PO4 content on the yield of allobetulin was esteblished. The highest yield of crude allobetulin (35% by weight of a.s.b.) is achieved at a process duration of 8 hours in the presence of 5% H3PO4 and also at a duration of 15 hours in the presence of 3% H3PO4. The yield of recrystallized allobetulin is about 22% of the weight of absolutely dry birch bark.

The composition of the allobetulin sample after recrystallization from isopropanol was confirmed by elemental analysis and its structure by – IRS and 1H NMR methods.

The antioxidant properties of allobetulin were established in vivo and in vitro experiments.
The asymptotic squeeze principle and the Binary Goldbach Conjecture
Authors: Agama Theophilus
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we prove the special squeeze principle for all sufficiently large $n\in 2\mathbb{N}$. This provides an alternative proof for the asymptotic version of the binary Goldbach conjecture in \cite{agama2022asymptotic}.
Integrated cyclic timetable on the railways in the Karlovy Vary region
Authors: Hora Jakub , Baran Filip
Published: November 2023

The concept of public transport with periodic timetables has been slowly spreading in the Czech Republic for many years. Together with the announcement of tenders for the operation of compulsory transport according to the European Parliament’s Regulations 1370/2007 and 2338/2016, circular integrations occur in many regions, which usually represent the adjustment of public transport to a concept corresponding to current trends and needs.
Towards justice-oriented science teaching: examining the impact of the science capital teaching approach on teachers
Authors: Nag Chowdhuri Meghna , King Heather , Godec Spela , Archer Louise
Published: November 2023

While several initiatives for justice-oriented pedagogies have been developed and implemented over the years, there is limited understanding of the ways in which teachers, and their practice, are impacted by these. This article presents data documenting the impact of a pedagogical approach – the science capital teaching approach – on a cohort of teachers. The approach, developed over a period of six years working in close partnership with primary and secondary teachers in England, aimed to support teachers to move towards more equitable and socially just pedagogical practice. This article explores the empirical impact of the approach on teacher practice. The data set comprises the experiences of 43 secondary and 20 Primary school teachers from different geographical regions in England, covering both rural and urban schools. Qualitative data include teacher interviews, observations and discussions and indicate that implementation of the approach resulted in a range of changes: (1) a deepened understanding of, and reflection on, issues of power and equity; (2) greater sharing of authorial roles with students; and (3) stronger relationships of trust between students and teachers. The article concludes by arguing that the implementation of the science capital teaching approach has had a positive effect on teachers and has supported their practice of justice-oriented science teaching.
DRIVE COUPLING WITH A PACKAGE OF COIL SPRINGS: CALCULATION OF TORSIONAL STIFFNESS AND STRENGTH OF SPRINGS
Authors: Zyablikov V. M. , Shirshov A. A. , Goncharov S. Yu.
Published: November 2023

One of the ways to reduce dynamic loads in machine drives is the use of couplings with low torsional stiffness. When the torque is transmitted by the coupling, the elastic elements deform, increasing the time of energy transfer from one coupling half to another, thereby reducing dynamic loads. The lower the stiffness of the coupling, the less dynamic loads. If a coupling with serpentine springs is used to reduce stiffness, instead of a single spring, a package of such springs should be used, the cross-sectional dimensions of which are the same as the cross-section of a single spring. In this case, the stiffness will decrease in comparison with a single spring by a number of times equal to the number of springs of the package raised to the second power.
PIPELINE TRANSPORT. LECTURE 12
Authors: Nizhegorodov A. I.
Published: November 2023

This article presents materials of the 12th lecture on the subject “Theory of load-lifting, transport, construction and road equipment and facilities”. This lecture discusses the purpose and main characteristics of pipeline systems for the transportation of gas, oil, fuels, water and other continuous media, pipeline fittings, connections, compensators and other elements of pipelines. In addition, methods for calculating simple and composite pipelines are given based on the formulas of Chézy, hydraulic slope, flow module, etc.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE MOLECULAR STAGE OF A VACUUM PUMP WITH SCREW CHANNELS ON THE ROTOR
Authors: Fomin M. V. , Fomina I. M.
Published: November 2023

A technique for optimizing the geometric parameters of the molecular stage of a turbo molecular vacuum pump with helical channels made on the rotor is considered. In the axial section of the rotor, the channels have a rectangular shape. As a result of numerical experiments by the Monte Carlo method in the molecular gas flow regime, the influence of each geometrical parameter of the rotor on the main pumping characteristics of the molecular stage was established. The developed program makes it possible to optimize the geometric parameters of the helical channels of the molecular stage for given overall dimensions of the rotor in order to obtain the maximum speed of action and pressure ratio.
FEATURES COMPUTER DESIGN IN LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Bayneva I. I.
Published: November 2023

Computer design in lighting engineering (or lighting design) is a new interdisciplinary area of professional activity that is in demand in the modern lighting market. A specialist in the field of lighting design, in addition to knowledge of lighting engineering and lighting devices, requires a high level of knowledge of information technology and software. Competencies in the field of computer design in lighting technology provide great opportunities in creative and professional activities, in particular, in the field of computeraided lighting design. When developing a lighting installation, it is mandatory to carry out lighting calculations by modeling the distribution of light in space. For this purpose, programs for scene visualization and lighting calculations are used. With the help of the developed model, the light distribution and location of lighting fixtures are determined, the processing and rendering of illuminated objects is carried out in 3D editors.
DESCPTION OF ROTATION TYPE BODIES BY VECTOR FUNCTIONS IN THE PARAMETERS OF MACHINE SYSTEMS
Authors: Brailov I. G. , Bitkina E. E. , Kirasirov O. M. , Shimohin A. V.
Published: November 2023

The article deals with the description of rotation type using vector functions. This model can be used in the designing of manufacturing technology of parts on CNC machines. Logical and analytical models are developed for the complete description of the details and the data set is also defined. The analytical model as the main model is represented by a set of vector functions, each describing one of the surfaces of the part. An array of vector functions allows to describe all surfaces of given part in spatial orientation using transformation matrices. A distinctive feature of the model is that it includes technological processing parameters.
AUTOMATION TOOLS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIGHTING CONCEPT OF THE FRAGMENT OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Amelykina S. A. , Zadorov S. N. , Mikaeva S. A.
Published: November 2023

The article provides a justification for the use of various applied computer-aided design tools in developing the concept of lighting an administrative fragment of the urban environment. The authors present a plan-scheme on which the functional zoning of the territory adjacent to the projected fragment is carried out, urban planning dominants, the boundaries of the projected fragment are marked, and viewpoints are indicated from which the perception of the projected fragment in the general silhouette of the city is typical. Photo fixation of the main dominants from different viewpoints, with day and night perception, for different levels of perception. The proposed version of lighting pedestrian spaces was implemented in the form of LED lines located in the direction of pedestrians, which made it possible to limit the glare from previously installed crowning lighting devices, and the graphic nature of the lines fit well into the overall proposed concept of the projected fragment of the urban lighting environment.
METHODOLOGY OF DATASET COLLECTING FOR AN AUTHENTIFICATION TASK BASED ON A FACE THERMOGRAPHIC IMAGE
Authors: Belov N. I. , Kuznetsov A. Yu.
Published: November 2023

This paper discusses the issues of training machine learning models for people authentication by the face image in longwave infrared radiation. The analysis of public available and freely distributed datasets of other researchers in the field, which contain images of people’s faces in infrared range, are discussed. It was concluded, that it is necessary to form a dataset for training and testing machine learning models on one’s own. To obtain the highest results using trained methods in practical purposes a list of requirements for the collected dataset was developed. In conclusion, an experiment was conducted, where the machine learning method (logistic regression) was trained on each dataset and tested on a sample of 15 images combining each dataset (75 images totally). During the experiment it was discovered, that the algorithm trained on the collected dataset successfully copes with both: the task of authenticating user by his thermal imaging on theoretical datasets and in the practical one. The results obtained can be used in access control and management systems to increase the fault tolerance characteristics for person authentication. The use of this dataset allows the model training aimed at theoretical and practical use in the tasks of processing thermograms, for the person authentication by the pattern of veins and vascular networks on the face in cases of changes in appearance and environmental conditions.
RENDERING OF INHOMOGENEOUS VOLUMES USING PERTURBATION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Vyatkin S. I. , Dolgovesov B. S.
Published: November 2023

Modeling of light transmission in heterogeneous volumes is of great importance in many fields, such as medical imaging, scientific visualization and synthesis of realistic images. Visual effects use complex three-dimensional structures such as smoke and clouds. However, modeling light transmission requires many calculations. For example, Monte-Carlo methods, which are based on path tracing, require the construction of a huge number of light paths. At the same time, each light path consists of thousands of scattering parts. A method for rendering inhomogeneous volumes using perturbation functions is presented. An approach is proposed for sampling light transmission paths in inhomogeneous media. The approach is based on the radiation transfer equation, using the integral formulation of the direct scattering algorithm. Bounding shells based on perturbation functions are used. To speed up calculations an inhomogeneous medium is divided into homogeneous and residual parts. The residual part is the difference between an inhomogeneous and homogeneous medium. For a homogeneous part light transmission paths are constructed in an analytical form. Next, the path-tracing algorithm is used. Samples in the light transmission path in the homogeneous and residual parts are made separately. This minimizes the costly calculations of direct scattering coefficients that change when traversing space. The method has advantages in comparison with approaches using an octal tree, with a large volume resolution the efficiency of calculations increases. The results of the work are integrated into the path tracer. Objects based on perturbation functions as an acceleration structure are used. The empty space is determined and approximate local extremes of the base volumes are stored. Objects based on perturbation functions adapt to volume uniformity. Voluminous data sets based on voxels are stored. Performance is compared using the number of queries, visualization time, root mean square error and metrics, that is, the search in units of variance.
SEARCH FOR SMALL-SIZED OBJECTS ON THE UNDERLYING SURFACE IN FRONT OF THE AIRCRAFT
Authors: Obrosov K. V. , Lisitsyn V. M. , Safonov V. A.
Published: November 2023

The method of searching of small-sized ground or surface objects with unknown coordinates is proposed. The search is carried out using the thermal imaging or other IR remote sensing system (RS) of underlying surface (US) in front of the aircraft. The small size of objects requires the use of narrow fields of view for detection and recognition at ranges that allow to carry out operational actions, which are provided for by the flight mission for rescue operations on land and at sea or for aircraft emergency landing on an unprepared site. Two tasks are solved: 1) the maximization of the guaranteed bandwidth of objects searching on US with given characteristics of RS and aircraft speed; 2) the determination of the optimal characteristics of remote sensing systems and aircraft speed for a given search bandwidth of the US.A periodic change in the azimuthal orientation of the narrow field of view (automatic scanning of the US by the field of view of the IR system) is used for solving given tasks. For a given operating range of the IR system the proposed algorithm ensures that the pilot or operator can view the runway on US without “dead” zones (unseen areas). The optimal value of the search effort corresponding to the detection and recognition of objects is determined. The proposed algorithm implements symmetrical scanning (scanned areas of the same shape are formed to the left and right of the flight path on US). The symmetric scanning equation is derived for prediction search efficiency. The solution of given equation makes it possible to find the dependence of the guaranteed search bandwidth on the operating range of ranges in which detection and recognition are possible for given weather conditions. The examples of using the derived equation when searching for objects in simple and difficult weather conditions are given.
Simulating the alteration in energy consumption at a zebra crossing considering different traffic rates of electric and rule-following autonomous vehicles
Authors: Szigeti Szilárd , Földes Dávid , Ye Xin
Published: November 2023

The progressive integration of autonomous vehicle (AV) technology holds the potential to reshape the prevailing traffic landscape. AVs have different driving characteristics than human-driven vehicles, which manifests itself in the strict adherence to speed limit, in giving priority to pedestrians, and in the pre-set headways they can keep. A traffic simulation environment was built around an unsignalized pedestrian crossing to measure the energy consumption of vehicles in the presence of AVs. The simulation environment was modified to adhere pedestrian-accepted gaps between vehicles in case of crossing. Considered vehicle types are yielding or not yielding human-driven, and AVs. Scenarios were built to model the AV traffic share, the different headways kept by AVs, and the various traffic volumes in each direction. The different driving behaviour and traffic share of AVs led to energy consumption changes, which were modelled through scenario analysis. The maximum energy consumption reduction of human-driven vehicles was 10.67% for yielding vehicles and 12.41% for non-yielding vehicles compared to the 0% AV traffic rate. Although, in case of AVs, the energy consumption increased in all scenarios compared to the basic version with only human-driven vehicles. In higher traffic scenarios, where only AVs were on the road, there was a substantial 35,92-96.55% increase in energy consumption, compared to the 0% AV ratio case. Thereby speed of vehicles, following distance and the number of stops affected the overall system efficiency. The results of this study can contribute to the understanding the impact of AVs which can support their introduction.
The (p,q)-sine and (p,q)-cosine polynomials and their associated (p,q)-polynomials
Authors: Husain Saddam , Khan Nabiullah , Usman Talha , Choi Junesang
Published: November 2023

The introduction of two-parameter(p,q){(p,q)}-calculus and Lie algebras in 1991 has spurred a wave of recent research into(p,q){(p,q)}-special polynomials, including(p,q){(p,q)}-Bernoulli,(p,q){(p,q)}-Euler,(p,q){(p,q)}-Genocchi and(p,q){(p,q)}-Frobenius–Euler polynomials. These investigations have been carried out by numerous researchers in order to uncover a wide range of identities associated with these polynomials and applications. In this article, we aim to introduce(p,q){(p,q)}-sine and(p,q){(p,q)}-cosine based λ-array type polynomials and derive numerous properties of these polynomials such as(p,q){(p,q)}-integral representations,(p,q){(p,q)}-partial derivative formulae and(p,q){(p,q)}-addition formulae. It is worth noting that the utilization of the(p,q){(p,q)}-polynomials introduced in this study, along with other(p,q){(p,q)}-polynomials, can lead to the derivation of various identities that differ from the ones presented here.
Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
Authors: Wang Qun-Ru , Long Jun , Wang Chen-Cheng , Hu Ji-Lei , Lin Ning , Tang Shan-Hong
Published: November 2023

Albumin and prealbumin serve as vital markers reflecting hepatic synthesis activity and overall body nutrient status. Hypoproteinemia can result from various etiological factors, with reduced blood inflow into the liver due to portal vein thrombosis being one such cause. However, literature addressing this specific association remains limited. This report presents an atypical case of malnutrition involving a patient who experienced prolonged hypoproteinemia attributable to a gradual decline in hepatic blood perfusion caused by progressive portal thrombosis and cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV). The case encompasses an in-depth analysis of the factors contributing to undernutrition, the etiology and diagnosis of hypoproteinemia, and its clinical implications. Vigilance for the presence of hypoproteinemia is essential in the management of patients afflicted by progressive portal vein thrombosis complicated by CTPV. Timely and effective interventions aimed at rectifying hypoproteinemia can significantly enhance clinical outcomes. Moreover, reduced hepatic blood flow should be considered a plausible underlying cause in cases of unexplained hypoproteinemia, warranting thorough evaluation. This case underscores the importance of recognizing the intricate interplay between hepatic vascular pathology and protein homeostasis in clinical practice.
Alternation in the Mandarin disposal constructions: quantifying their evolutionary dynamics across twelve centuries
Authors: Liu Meili , Cuyckens Hubert
Published: November 2023

Despite extensive research on the ba-construction in Chinese, the diachronic change in the alternation between the ba and jiang constructions has received little attention. The present study takes a multifactorial approach to examine the factors that probabilistically condition the alternation based on diachronic data across twelve centuries. The results suggest two general trends. First, the odds of the ba-construction have increased over time at the expense of the jiang-construction. Second, over time, the effect size of the significant preference for the jiang-construction in informal genres has reduced from the 10th to the 19th century, and this preference has disappeared in modern times; accordingly, both informal and formal genres have converged to favor the ba-construction in modern times. Regression modeling also shows that there are both stable linguistic constraints (parallelism/syntactic priming, verb type, NP2 animacy, and NP2 length) and fluid constraints (adjunct semantics, and genre). This study advances our knowledge of the two disposal constructions and their evolution, sheds light on the Principle of No Synonymy (Bolinger, Dwight. 1977. Meaning and form. New York: Longman; Goldberg, Adele E. 1995. Constructions: A construction grammar approach to argument structure. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; Goldberg, Adele E. 2002. Surface generalizations: An alternative to alternations. Cognitive Linguistics 13(4). 327–356), and makes a methodological contribution to the empirical testing of hypotheses. It can also provide insight into grammatical alternations in Mandarin.
Metacognition and diagrams in marking-for-self
Authors: Perissinotto Henrique T. D. , Queiroz João
Published: November 2023

Metacognition relies on representations, which are commonly viewed as internal knowledge structures. We explore the idea that external embodied diagrams, rather than monomodal symbolic-based entities, can provide an accurate description of metacognition in choreographic dance. When marking, dancers use their bodies to represent properties, dynamics, or structures of dance phrases. Marking-for-self occurs when a dancer marks the dance in their own unique manner, potentially allowing for real-time reflection through the manipulation of external signs. These manipulations can be considered diagrammatic semiosis, as diagrams signify shared relational parts analogous to the parts of their objects. Based on Peirce’s semiotics, we argue that semiosis is crucial for metacognition. This paper is structured to first review marking and marking-for-self, followed by an overview of metacognition. We then define marking-for-self as a metacognitive phenomenon and introduce Peirce’s concept of semiosis and diagrams. Finally, we describe marking as a diagrammatic sign and explain how marking-for-self is an embodied metacognitive process achieved through the manipulation of diagrammatic structures.
Beyond anaphoric and emphatic: diversity and unity in the functions of literary Chinese reflexive zì
Authors: Lai Ryan Ka Yau
Published: November 2023

In this paper, I examine the Literary Chinese reflexive zì, which exhibits a crosslinguistically uncommon pattern: it performs both anaphoric and emphatic uses in adverbial position. I show that it has several uses: signalling coreference between the subject and the object, the object’s possessor or the topic or focus of a complement clause, emphasising that the subject’s identity, and indicating that the event affected the subject itself or had no external cause. I argue against categorically dividing these uses into anaphoric and emphatic uses. I propose four properties to unify the various uses: the referent of zì is centrally relevant to the event denoted by the predicate, coreferential with the subject, unexpected in its role in the event, and often contrasts with an alternative referent that may play same role. I compare my account to properties of reflexives in other languages, and argue that zì only partially supports Levinson’s (Levinson, Stephen C. 1991. Pragmatic reduction of the binding conditions revisited. Journal of Linguistics 27(1). 107–161) theory of the development of anaphoric reflexives from emphatics.
Some Betti numbers of the moduli of 1-dimensional sheaves on ℙ2
Authors: Yuan Yao
Published: November 2023

Let

M
⁢

(
d
,
χ
)

{M(d,\chi)}

, with

(
d
,
χ
)

=
1

{(d,\chi)=1}

, be the moduli space of semistable sheaves on

ℙ
2

{\mathbb{P}^{2}}

supported on curves of degree d and with Euler characteristic χ. The cohomology ring

H
*

⁢

(

M
⁢

(
d
,
χ
)

,
ℤ
)

{H^{*}(M(d,\chi),\mathbb{Z})}

of

M
⁢

(
d
,
χ
)

{M(d,\chi)}

is isomorphic to its Chow ring

A
*

⁢

(

M
⁢

(
d
,
χ
)

)

{A^{*}(M(d,\chi))}

by Markman’s result. Pi and Shen have described a minimal generating set of

A
*

⁢

(

M
⁢

(
d
,
χ
)

)

{A^{*}(M(d,\chi))}

consisting of

3
⁢
d

-
7

{3d-7}

generators, which they also showed to have no relation in

A

≤

d
-
2

⁢

(

M
⁢

(
d
,
χ
)

)

{A^{\leq d-2}(M(d,\chi))}

. We compute the two Betti numbers

b

2
⁢

(

d
-
1

)

{b_{2(d-1)}}

and

b

2
⁢
d

{b_{2d}}

of

M
⁢

(
d
,
χ
)

{M(d,\chi)}

, and as a corollary we show that the generators given by Pi and Shen have no relations in

A

≤

d
-
1

⁢

(

M
⁢

(
d
,
χ
)

)

{A^{\leq d-1}(M(d,\chi))}

,
but do have three linearly independent relations in

A
d

⁢

(

M
⁢

(
d
,
χ
)

)

{A^{d}(M(d,\chi))}

.
On λ-statistically φ-convergence
Authors: Choudhury Chiranjib , Debnath Shyamal , Savaş Ekrem
Published: November 2023

In this paper, by using the notions of λ-density,

(
V
,
λ
)

{(V,\lambda)}

-summability and Orlicz function ϕ, we introduce a new concept of convergence, namely λ-statistically ϕ-convergence, as a generalization of the λ-statistical convergence and statistically ϕ-convergence. Based on this concept, we introduce a new sequence space

S
λ

-
ϕ

{S_{\lambda}-\phi}

and investigate some of its properties. Also, we find its relations with statistically ϕ-convergence,

[
C
,
1
]

ϕ

{[C,1]_{\phi}}

-summability and

[
V
,
λ
]

ϕ

{[V,\lambda]_{\phi}}

-summability.
Finally, we introduce and investigate the concept of

S
λ

-
ϕ

{S_{\lambda}-\phi}

Cauchy sequences.
Ultrafast dynamics and ablation mechanism in femtosecond laser irradiated Au/Ti bilayer systems
Authors: Lian Yiling , Jiang Lan , Sun Jingya , Tao Wenpan , Chen Zhicheng , Lin Gen , Ning Ziqian , Ye Manlou
Published: November 2023

The significance of ultrafast laser-induced energy and mass transfer at interfaces has been growing in the field of nanoscience and technology. Nevertheless, the complexity arising from non-linear and non-equilibrium optical-thermal-mechanical interactions results in intricate transitional behaviors. This complexity presents challenges when attempting to analyze these phenomena exclusively through modeling or experimentation. In this study, we conduct time-resolved reflective pump-probe imaging and molecular-dynamics coupled two-temperature model (MD-TTM) simulations to investigate the ultrafast dynamics and ablation mechanism of Au/Ti bilayer systems. The calculated energy absorption curves indicate that Au film reduces the energy deposition in the underlying Ti layer, resulting in reduced melting and evaporation rate of Ti. The phase transition process induces different mechanical responses. The potential energy patterns indicate that the expansion of vapor Ti extrudes the surface Au layer outward. In simulated stress distribution images, the Au layer can hamper the expansion of the vapor-phase Ti and brings dynamic compressive stress to the residual Ti layer. When the compressive stress transforms into tensile stress, the material is removed through mechanical damage. Therefore, both Au and Ti in the 20 nm Au-covered Ti are completely removed. Our approach elucidates the ablation mechanism within the Au/Ti bilayer system and offers fresh insights into managing thermo-mechanical responses within analogous systems.
Revisiting the binary view of honorifics in politeness research
Authors: Kádár Dániel Z. , House Juliane , Todo Keiko , Xiao Tingting
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we revisit the popular assumption that politeness in languages such as Japanese and Korean with a complex honorific system is crucially different from politeness in languages with no comparably rich honorific repertoires, such as Chinese. We propose a bottom–up, contrastive and corpus-based model through which we challenge this binary view. This model combines interaction ritual and speech acts. As a case study, we compare a set of expressions representing lexico-grammatical honorifics in Japanese and Chinese, i.e., in a so-called “honorific-rich” and a “non-honorific-rich” language. Our results show that the group of honorifics studied work in an essentially comparable fashion, hence disproving the above-outlined binary view.
Annäherung an den Feind
Authors: Werner Sylwia
Published: November 2023

Alexander von Humboldt’s voyage to South America (1799-1804) was an event of the century. It was accompanied by the discovery of numerous animal and plant species, but also by fascinating descriptions of landscapes, monuments and the indigenous population and their everyday life. This article presents a little-known text by Humboldt that describes a borderline experience that terrified the naturalist, namely the confrontation with the mosquitoes living on the Orinoco. With this example, Humboldt not only shows that in the case of terrible experiences, the objects of research can no longer be described neutrally, but also illustrates that empirical nature research must intertwine with economic, ecological, geopolitical, but above all intercultural and anti-colonial aspects if it wants to take complex phenomena into account.
»Der Roman zeigt, dass …«
Authors: Gittel Benjamin
Published: November 2023

Implicit literary assertions are theses about the real world that fictional works of literature suggest without these theses being propositionally present in the works. This paper first compares different theoretical descriptions of implicit literary assertions and introduces the concept of »implicit thematic assertion « for implicit assertions used in literary appreciation to make aspects of the work understandable as a treatment of a theme. The attribution of such assertions in interpretations and reviews as well as their content is then examined based on a diachronic sample corpus. It is shown that implicit thematic assertions have characteristic content properties (genericity, the occurrence of abstracta and collectives as well as non-conventionalised metaphors) which qualify them as propositional components of a worldview. In a final step, the article shows, through the analysis of an exemplary model interpretation, which prominent role implicit (thematic) assertions play in ideology-critical interpretations.
Iterative evaluation of micellar and thermodynamic properties of 12-2-12 in 1 % BSA aqueous solution in the presence of organic solvents and temperature
Authors: Sood Ashwani Kumar , Godara Sachin Kumar , Aggarwal Meenu
Published: November 2023

The interactions between a gemini surfactant 12-2-12 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been studied in aqueous and mixed aqueous media by conductance measurements using the iterative method at different temperatures ranging from 298.15 K to 313.15 K with step size 5. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) as well as the degree of ionization for the micelles (α) have been evaluated and their variation with solvent type and temperature has been discussed. The error for conductivity measurements was calculated and found to be much smaller than for surface tension measurements using the platinum ring method. The CMC values for the mixture of 12-2-12 and BSA in aqueous solvent solutions follow the sequence: DMF > AN > DMSO > water. These values were further confirmed by surface tension studies. From the thermodynamic parameters, hydrophobic interactions were found to be the driving force for micellization. The existence of enthalpy-entropy compensation was established from the linear plot of ΔH°
m
and ΔS°
m
.
Chitosan-coated magnetic nanorods and nanospheres: physicochemical characterizations and potential as methotrexate carriers for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Taghizadeh Seyedeh-Masoumeh , Lal Neha , Karami-Darehnaranji Mahboubeh , Heydari Reza , Hamedi Azadeh , Mirzaei Esmaeil , Azadi Amir , Berenjian Aydin , Ebrahiminezhad Alireza
Published: November 2023

Spherical magnetite nanoparticles were employed in the almost all magnetic based drug delivery studies. But as we all know the shape of employed particles is one of the major deterministic properties that can significantly affect the physicochemical and biological features of nanostructures and so can fluctuate efficiency of drug delivery. However, it is worthy of consideration that so far no study has investigated the effect of the shape of nanoparticles in drug delivery. To some extent this deficiency in publications may be due to the fact that the synthesis of other forms of magnetite nanoparticles is not as developed as spherical nanoparticles. But recent experiments paved the way for the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles specially magnetite nanorods (MNRs). So, for the first time, in the current experiment magnetite nanospheres (MNSs) and MNRs were compared in the potential for drug delivery. Chitosan is a natural and biocompatible compound that widely employed as coating material for the fabrication of anticancer drug nano-carriers. So in the present study this carbohydrate was chosen as coating material for the magnetic nanostructures. MNSs were synthesized via a co-precipitation reaction, and MNRs were obtained from the chemical reduction of iron oxide hydroxide (FeOOH) nanorods. Both nanostructures were loaded with methotrexate (MTX), and the release of the drug was measured. The chitosan-coated MNSs (C@MNSs) were 7–18 nm in diameter, and the chitosan-coated MNRs (C@MNRs) were 5–21 nm in width and 29–108 nm in length and had a porous structure. The C@MNSs had a magnetic saturation of ∼80 emu/g, whereas that for the C@MNRs was ∼45 emu/g. The synthesized nanostructures exhibited low toxicity and were able to release the drug inside the cells. The findings of this study demonstrate the suitability of C@MNRs as an alternative to spherical nano-carriers for the efficient and contained delivery of anticancer drugs to designated target cells.
Intermarriage and ancient polity alliances: isotopic evidence of cross-regional female exogamy during the Longshan period (2500–1900 BC)
Authors: Wu Xiaotong , Guo Zhiyong , He Nu , Zhao Shijie , Li Yanxin , Yu Huimin , Huang Fang , Zhang Xingxiang
Published: November 2023

The late third-millennium BC Longshan period was a crucial time for state formation in central China. During these centuries, long-distance networks expanded and shared material culture and then cultural practices spread across wider areas precipitating social and ideological developments that presaged the rise of states and cities on the Central Plain. In this research, the authors use multiple (strontium, oxygen and carbon) isotope analyses from the dental enamel of 67 individuals buried at the Xiajin cemetery, Shanxi Province. The results indicate significant long-distance migration among females during the Longshan period, which the authors interpret as evidence of exogamous marriage for political alliance-building—a phenomenon found more widely across Eurasia at the start of the Bronze Age.
Study on the Compressive Properties of RPC Restrained by CFRP Sheet under Low-Temperature Curing
Authors: Cheng Donghui , Li Ke , Wang Xiaoting
Published: November 2023

To address the problem of significant degradation of compressive properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC) after freezing during the curing period in a low-temperature environment, carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) was used to restrain RPC specimens with carbon fiber filament content of 0 or 1 %, and axial compression tests were performed after low-temperature curing (20°C, −5°C, −15°C, and −25°C). The effects of temperature, restraint, and carbon fiber filament content on the compression properties of the RPC were analyzed. Results of the analysis showed that the mechanical properties of RPC under compression decreased with decreasing curing temperature. The use of CFRP sheets for the restraint of RPC specimens and the addition of carbon fiber filaments can both increase the ultimate load capacity of RPC specimens at each curing temperature, and the specimens were relatively intact after damage. With the addition of carbon fiber filaments, which can slow down the rate of decay of load capacity as curing temperature decreases, the degree of load capacity improvement is greater the lower the temperature. The degree of load capacity increase of the CFRP sheet decreases with decreasing temperature because of the weakening of the epoxy resin adhesive bond strength in the CFRP sheet at low temperatures. Both CFRP sheets and carbon fiber filament can increase the compressive pre-crack energy absorbed by RPC at each of the temperatures and can increase the toughness of RPC at low temperatures.
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Is More than You Think It Is
Authors: McDannald Michael A.
Published: November 2023

A common neuroscience application of Pavlovian fear conditioning is to manipulate neuron-type activity, pair a cue with foot shock, then measure cue-elicited freezing in a novel context. If the manipulation reduces freezing, the neuron type is implicated in Pavlovian fear conditioning. This application reduces Pavlovian fear conditioning to a single concept. In this Viewpoint, I describe experiments supporting the view that Pavlovian fear conditioning refers to three distinct concepts: procedure, process, and behavior. An experimenter controls procedure, observes behavior, but infers process. Distinguishing these concepts is essential because: (1) a shock-paired cue can engage numerous processes and behaviors; (2) experimenter decisions about procedure influence the processes engaged and behaviors elicited; and (3) many processes are latent, imbuing the cue with properties that only manifest outside of the original conditioning setting. This means we could understand the complete neural basis of freezing, yet know little about the neural basis of fear. Neuroscientists can choose to use a variety of procedures to study a diversity of processes and behaviors. Manipulating neuron-type activity in multiple procedures can reveal specific, general, or complex neuron-type contributions to cue-elicited processes and behaviors. The results will be a broader and more detailed neural basis of fear with greater relevance to the spectrum of symptoms defining anxiety and stressor-related disorders.
“We Will Die as Free People”
Authors: Kaminskas Dominykas
Published: November 2023

Research on the impact of COVID-19 on mobilization focuses extensively on the role of social media, conspiracy theories, and divisive narratives. However, individual perceptions remain insufficiently researched. This article argues that fantasmatic narratives are central to mobilization and aims to analyze changes in discourse during the pandemic as outcomes of shifts in fantasmatic logics. It applies the logics approach to the Lithuanian case to identify the main changes in fantasmatic logics of discourse that became apparent in response to government action. The article analyzes data from social media posts, gathered over a period of two months (June–August 2021), the period centered around the announcement of the “quarantine of the unvaccinated.” The analysis revealed significant changes in fantasmatic logics of discourse—the Other was no longer seen as corrupt for their own gain by the protesters, but as purely evil, which in turn led to openness to various conspiracy theories.
The Music of Perfume
Authors: Mesz Bruno , Gorla Nicolás , Zarzo Manuel
Published: November 2023

Reported studies about crossmodal correspondences between music and smell basically focus on individual musical parameters. An experiment was carried out to explore such correspondences emerging from musical improvisation elicited by 20 olfactory stimuli, which allows the study of multiple musical parameters at the same time. A group of 14 pianists was asked to smell each stimulus and to play a short free improvisation inspired by it. From each improvisation, 14 musical parameters were extracted. The same odorants were also described by a panel of 15 volunteers. The main outcomes were the following: 1) The mean sensory ratings on a scale of fresh vs. warm appeared correlated with the average pitch of the improvisation. 2) The four odorants perceived as somewhat camphoraceous like lavender and mint yielded more non legato/staccato articulation or rests. 3) The feminine odor character was negatively correlated with the ambitus of the improvisation, defined as the difference between the highest and lowest note, and was positively correlated with pitch-class entropy. 4) Pleasantness yielded a negative correlation with pitch-class entropy and dissonance, being positively correlated with the lowest note. The first outcome is consistent with earlier studies, but outcomes 2–4 were novel findings.
Biochemical markers of renal function and maternal hypothyroidism in early pregnancy
Authors: Husted Lise , Rødgaard-Hansen Sidsel , Lundgaard Maja Hjelm , Uldall Torp Nanna Maria , Andersen Stine Linding
Published: November 2023

Objective

The physiological adaptations during a normal pregnancy affect renal and thyroid function and levels of associated biochemical markers. An association between cystatin C (CysC), creatinine, and thyroid function has been considered in nonpregnant individuals but not in pregnant women specifically.

Methods

Cohort study within the North Denmark Region Pregnancy Cohort (2011–2015) with assessment of thyroid function and autoantibodies (ADVIA Centaur XPT, Siemens Healthineers) in serum residues from the early pregnancy. Consecutive samples (n = 1112) were selected for measurement of CysC and creatinine (Atellica CH 930, Siemens Healthineers), and results were linked to information in Danish nationwide registers for (i) establishment of pregnancy-specific reference intervals for CysC and creatinine and (ii) evaluation of the prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism in early pregnancy according to levels of CysC and creatinine.

Results

The established reference intervals (2.5–97.5 percentiles) differed by week of pregnancy (week 4–8, 9–11, 12–15) and were CysC: 0.58–0.92 mg/L; 0.54–0.91 mg/L; 0.52–0.86 mg/L; creatinine: 46.9–73.0 µmol/L; 42.0–68.4 µmol/L; 38.8–66.4 µmol/L. The prevalence of maternal autoimmune hypothyroidism in early pregnancy differed by the level of CysC and creatinine (<25th percentile; 25th–75th percentile; >75th percentile) and was for CysC 1.7%, 3.8%, 7.4% and for creatinine 2.5%, 4.1%, 7.1%.

Conclusions

Reference intervals for CysC and creatinine were dynamic in early pregnancy and decreased with increasing gestational age. Furthermore, higher levels of CysC and creatinine associated with a higher prevalence of maternal autoimmune hypothyroidism. Results encourage considerations on the underlying mechanisms for the association between markers of renal and thyroid function.
FOREST KINDERGARTENS IN POLAND: THE USE OF THE EXPERIENCE IN UKRAINE
Authors: Yankovych Oleksandra
Published: November 2023

The article comprehensively studies the formation and the development of forest preschool education in Poland. The content, forms and methods of work in forest kindergartens, the peculiarities of their functioning have been revealed. The programs of forest kindergartens in Poland differ in their content; at the same time, focus on physical, emotional, social, cognitive development is the common feature. It has been found that the ideas of M. Montessori’s pedagogy, Waldorf pedagogy, adventure pedagogy, the concept of the American writer, nature educator J. Cornell, and other progressive views are implemented in these institutions. The advantages of forest kindergartens have been determined: strengthening of health, the development of intellectual potential, communication skills, the ability to overcome obstacles. Children’s ability to overcome difficulties is especially important in the face of new social challenges. The functioning of forest kindergartens in Poland is coordinated by the Regulation of the Minister of National Education of August 28, 2017 “On the types of other forms of preschool education, the conditions of their creation and the procedure of operation”. The Institute of Forest Kindergartens, established in 2016 in Białystok, coordinates their work, promotes the exchange of experience and best practices in the field of forest education. The attention has been focused on scientific studies of forest preschool education by Polish scientists. They analyzed the formation, the development, conceptual foundations and functions of forest kindergartens. Promising ideas of Polish experience of forest preschool education that can be used in preschool education in Ukraine have been identified. They are the following: integration of elements of innovative systems in forest institutions for preschoolers; using the results of a retrospective analysis of the functioning of schools and kindergartens, which have accumulated the experience in environmental education and conducting classes in the bosom of nature; creation of an institution that would coordinate and highlight the work of forest kindergartens. It has been emphasized that the organization of forest preschool education in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine can be useful for Polish preschool education as a preparation for work in crisis situations.