bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Under the coconut palm – a retrospective analysis of trauma incidents caused by falling coconuts presenting to emergency department at a tertiary care centre in coastal India
Authors: Deepak A. Sai , Katyal Aaditya , Nair Neeraja A , Walia Tanvee , Bhat Rachana
Published: February 2025

Background

Injuries due to falling coconuts are a common yet underreported form of trauma in the tropical regions. Although these might appear insignificant at first glance, the physical forces involved are potentially fatal. Despite their global prevalence, research on this subject remains scarce, making it a neglected public health concern. This study seeks to bridge these gaps by analysing the affected demographics, contributing factors and injury patterns. By enhancing the understanding of coconut fall-related injuries, this research seeks to create awareness about dangers of falling coconuts and inform the development of effective public health strategies to mitigate their impact.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted over a period of 3 years from January 2021 to December 2023 at a tertiary care centre on the southern coast of India. Patients who presented to emergency with coconut-fall related injuries were identified through a comprehensive review of nursing ledgers. Additional data including imaging, consultations & treatment details were retrieved from patient files and electronic medical records. Descriptive statistics of the recorded data like demographic variables, time of injury, injury patterns, injury severity score (ISS) and ED disposition were analysed by using Microsoft Excel 365.

Results

The study population included 17 males and 12 females. Most patients were within the age group of 40–60, which comprised 48% of the total participants. The months of September and October reported the highest frequency of cases. Out of the 29 patients, 14 were farm workers who sustained coconut fall-related injuries. Injury patterns varied from mild soft tissue injuries to severe TBIs which include SDH and SAH. There were 3 patients who required surgery, and 7 patients were admitted. There were no fatalities reported, and average hospital stay was 4.5 days.

Conclusion

Coconut fall-related injuries in tropical regions is a significant but less recognised public health issue. Our study shows the necessity of seasonal preventive strategies, public awareness and safety measures for high-risk population like outdoor workers and older adults. Community focussed interventions, such as regular coconut tree pruning, installation of coconut safety nets and educational campaigns will help to reduce the incidence and severity of these injuries.
Role of the inferior vena cava collapsibility index in predicting propofol-induced hypotension in patients undergoing colonoscopy
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Li Yujie , Zhu Jinxian , Liu Yingge , Wang Yuxin , Sang Xiaoqiao , Wang Xinxin , Zhang Xiaobao
Published: February 2025

Background

Hypotension is a common side effect of propofol induction, and when severe, it is associated with adverse outcomes. Ultrasonography of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a reliable indicator of the intravascular volume. This study investigated whether preoperative IVC ultrasound measurements could predict hypotension after propofol induction in patients undergoing colonoscopies.

Methods

Sixty-two adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA) I-II scheduled for colonoscopy after propofol induction were recruited. The Ultrasound Maximum IVC diameter (dIVCmax), minimum IVC diameter (dIVCmin), and collapsibility index (IVC-CI) were assessed in all patients before propofol induction. Mean blood pressure (MBP) was recorded before induction. Propofol was injected intravenously after ultrasound measurements. MBP was recorded 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after propofol induction. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of IVC-CI was compared with that of patients who developed hypotension after propofol induction.

Results

Sixty-two patients completed the study, and their data were considered for statistical analysis. After induction,30 patients developed hypotension. The area under the curve (95% confidence interval) was 0.72 (0.595 to 0.849) for IVC-CI. The optimal IVC-CI cutoff value was 38.25%, with a sensitivity of 56.7% and specificity of 71.9%. IVC-CI before induction strongly correlated with the maximum percentage of MBP drop after propofol induction. (regression coefficient = 0.33, P = 0.008), respectively.

Conclusion

Pre-induction IVC-CI > 38.25% is a non-invasive predictor of propofol-induced hypotension in patients undergoing colonoscopy and is strongly correlated with MBP drop.

Trial registration

This clinical trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (YJ-20190529001). All the study procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration of 2013.
An exploration of changes in the mental models of middle management and their association with activities to implement a dialogue tool to address mental health in the workplace
Authors: Anzion Lily Joanne , Schaafsma Frederieke G. , Boot Cécile R. L. , Formanoy Margriet A. G. , Schelvis Roosmarijn M. C.
Published: February 2025

Background

There is a growing awareness for addressing mental health in the workplace. Although interventions to promote mental health at the organizational-level exist, implementation is a challenge. Middle management can play a crucial role in implementing organisational-level interventions. Also, we know that mental models often need to change first, before enactment of such interventions occur. The aim of this study is therefore to better understand whether and how changes in mental models of middle managers are associated with the implementation activities of an organisational-level intervention to support mental health. Ultimately, this is meant to lead to the enactment of, in this case, a dialogue tool to normalize a conversation between middle manager and employee to enhance mental health.

Methods

Participatory Action Research was used as a method to design our implementation of a dialogue tool primarily focused on middle management to address mental in health in one SME company with 238 employees. In-depth interviews with 11 (middle) managers at the start of the implementation phase were held. After nine months, 9 out of the same 11 (middle) managers were interviewed again to gain understanding whether and how changes occurred during the implementation. Thematic analysis was applied to the interviews, from inductive and deductive perspective. Focus groups with employees and observations during the implementation activities were used for triangulation purposes.

Results

The mental models of the (middle) managers were analyzed based on readiness for change, perceived challenges and perceived opportunities. These mental models were generally positive towards the project, despite the low trust towards the Top Management and the general lack of experience with addressing mental health at the workplace. Nine months later, mental models changed towards more awareness and engagement in addressing mental health. Also, enactment of the dialogue tool by middle management and employees occurred. An association of these changes with, for example, the frequency and pace of implementation activities in which all employees were involved was reported.

Conclusion

To implement interventions addressing mental health at the workplace, taking the time and using implementation activities that match the needs of middle management might help to change mental models of (middle) management.
Life course trajectories of maternal cardiovascular disease risk factors by obstetric history: a UK cohort study using electronic health records
Authors: Birnie Kate , Howe Laura D. , Jones Timothy , Madley-Dowd Paul , Martin Florence Z. , Forbes Harriet , Redaniel Maria Theresa , Cornish Rosie , Magnus Maria C. , Davies Neil M. , Tilling Kate , Hughes Alun D. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Fraser Abigail
Published: February 2025

Background

Women who experience adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs; gestational hypertension, preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes (GD), preterm birth (PTB), small or large for gestational age, miscarriage, multiple miscarriages, stillbirth, and offspring with major congenital anomalies) have increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to compare cardiometabolic health trajectories across the life course between women with and without APOs.

Methods

We studied 187,186 women with a registered pregnancy in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD linked to Hospital Episode Statistics. Fractional polynomial multilevel models were used to compare trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index [BMI], blood pressure [BP], cholesterol, and glucose) between women with and without a history of APOs (individual APOs in any pregnancy and number of APOs). We explored two underlying time axes: (1) time relative to first pregnancy (from 10 years before first pregnancy to 15 years after) and (2) age. Models controlled for age at first pregnancy, residential area deprivation, non-singleton pregnancy, parity, smoking status, ethnicity, and medications use.

Results

Women with a history of PE, gestational hypertension, or GD had higher BMI, BP, and glucose 10 years before first pregnancy compared to women without these APOs. These differences persisted 15 years post-first pregnancy. Women with a history of GD had a steeper post-partum rise in glucose. Women who experienced multiple (3 +) miscarriage, stillbirth, and/or medically indicated PTB had higher BP and BMI before and after pregnancy, with BP trajectories converging 15 years after first pregnancy. Women who experienced multiple APOs had the most adverse measurements across all cardiometabolic risk factors, with more unfavourable mean levels with each additional APO. There was little difference in cardiometabolic trajectories between women with and without a history of 1 or 2 miscarriages or congenital anomalies.

Conclusions

Women with APOs had adverse cardiometabolic profiles before first pregnancy, persisting up to 15 years post-pregnancy. Findings highlight the potential for targeted public health interventions to promote good cardiometabolic health in young adults transitioning from contraceptive use to planning pregnancies. APOs may identify young women who could benefit from monitoring CVD risk factors and interventions to improve cardiometabolic health.
Current practices in neonatal pain management: a decade after the last Italian survey
Authors: Lago Paola , Garetti Elisabetta , Savant Levet Patrizia , Arenga Immacolata , Pirelli Anna , Frigo Anna Chiara , Merazzi Daniele ,   on behalf Pain Study Group of Italian Society of Neonatology
Published: February 2025

Background

Neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), as well as maternity nurseries, typically undergo painful invasive procedures during their hospital stay. We aim to report on current bedside analgesia/sedation and pain assessment practices, 10 years after the previous Italian survey.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional electronic survey. A 21-item questionnaire was distributed to directors of birth centers and NICUs to ascertain the policy for pain assessment and management in their respective units. A separate questionnaire was dispatched to neonatologists and nurses registered with the Italian Society of Neonatology. They reported on the analgesic strategies implemented for various painful bedside procedures. Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological analgesia interventions, as well as pain assessment, were analyzed. A regression model was utilized to identify factors that predict pain management practices.

Results

Data on pain management practices were collected from the directors of 153 NICUs and birth centers. Of these, 88.9% reported pain control following guidelines and 47.7% confirmed the presence of a local pain specialist promoting pain management in their unit. A minority, ranging from 16.3% to 41.8%, reported the use of a pain scale, a finding corroborated by the 200 doctors and 239 nurses who responded. At least one non pharmacological intervention (i.e., pacifier, sweet solution, or sensory saturation) was reported in 97.8% of the heel lances performed in the NICU and 96.5% in the maternity nursery, meanwhile for intramuscular injections in 73.8% and 70.3%, respectively. Additionally, it was reported that 22.9% of laryngoscopies were still performed without analgesia. Observations were made over 297 mechanical ventilation and 277 non-invasive ventilation courses, with non-pharmacological analgesia administered in 56.4% and 86.9% and the use of analgesic or sedative drugs in 81.7% and 17.1% of the cases, respectively. Furthermore, routine pain assessment was only undertaken in 68.0% and 64.9% of the cases.

Conclusions

We found a largely common propensity among Italian directors, neonatologists, and nurses to perform analgesic interventions for the most frequently encountered invasive neonatal painful procedures, though the practices are still highly variable. The availability of written guidelines and local pain specialists are confirmed as factors that contribute to the proper management of pain. However, pain assessment is still inadequate and urgently needs to be implemented to allow for tailored pain and stress control and prevention in all infants.
Functional improvement of natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains by cell surface molecular engineering
Authors: Granuzzo Sara , Rossetto Monica , Zennaro Lucio , Righetto Francesca , Antoniali Paolo , Lopreiato Raffaele
Published: February 2025

Background

Cellular boundaries of microorganisms can be modified by the expression in the cell wall of specific proteins endowed with relevant properties, improving their functional performance. So far, the surface display (SD) technique had been widely employed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but it was limited to few laboratory strains and never explored in sauvage strains, i.e., isolated from natural environment, which are featured by higher levels of genetic variability, leading to peculiar phenotypic traits of possible advantage in biotechnology.

Results

In this work, a series of plasmids performing SD in natural yeast strains have been generated and further characterized by multiple functional and biochemical assays, providing the first experimental evidence that natural strains of S.cerevisiae can be genetically modified to express on their cell wall a protein-of-interest, which retains its biological competence. Interestingly, data further demonstrated that engineered strains expressing (transiently or stably) metal-binding proteins or peptides on cell surface exhibit significantly enhanced metal adsorption properties.

Conclusions

The molecular tools presented here can be very useful for yeast research community, as the plasmids efficiently support the surface engineering in virtually all S.cerevisiae strains, independently from either genetic background, source, or applications (wine, beer, bread). Overall, data strongly suggest that, upon genetic modification, S. cerevisiae strains isolated from natural environments could serve as promising platforms for biotechnological applications, as heavy metals removal or enzymes immobilization. Importantly, the strains investigated here represent only a small fraction of the multitude of S. cerevisiae strains present in nature yet to be isolated.
Pulsed electromagnetic field ameliorates the progression of osteoarthritis via the Sirt1/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Zhou Siqi , Wen Haiyan , He Xiongwei , Han Xiaotao , Li Haohuan
Published: February 2025

Background

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) is a non-invasive treatment that utilizes electromagnetic fields to reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair. However, PEMFs’ anti-inflammatory effect on osteoarthritis (OA) and the potential mechanism has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

Human chondrocytes (C28/I2) were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β with or without the treatment of PEMF. CCK-8 assay Kit was used to detect cell viability. RT-qPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescent staining and western blot was used to analyze relative markers of inflammatory response and extracellular matrix (ECM) under the treatment of PEMF and related mechanism. Besides, the significance role of Sirt1 was assessed by using the Sirt1 inhibitor (EX-527). Moreover, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were carried out to evaluate the curative effect of PEMF on OA mice induced by the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM).

Results

PEMF inhibited IL-1β-mediated the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Besides, PEMF alleviated IL-1β-induced degradation of ECM by increasing the expression of Col2a1 and ACAN, while inhibiting the expression of MMP13 and ADAMTS5. At the mechanism level, PEMF increased the expression of Sirt1 and inhibited IL-1β-induced the activation of NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, blocking Sirt1 with EX-527 attenuated the effect of PEMF on the inhibition of NF-κB pathway and the expression of ECM in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. In vivo, PEMF-treated OA mice showed low modified mankin scores, reduced the number of osteophytes and preserved joint structure.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that PEMF inhibits NF-κB pathway and blocks the expression of inflammatory factors by activating the expression of Sirt1, which may be a novel strategy for OA.
An individual’s trust in government is a major determinant in the decision to voluntarily join a public health initiative
Authors: Golan Orit , Satran Carmit , Bord Shiran
Published: February 2025

Background

Recently, there has been a growing trend of incorporating technology using health applications by official organizations such as health organizations and governmental bodies. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Israel implemented a health application to be voluntarily downloaded by citizens (VA). Additionally, the Israeli authorities used mandatory mobile tracking to monitor citizens’ movements (GT). The current study aims to identify the factors associated with individuals’ decisions to download the voluntary contact-tracing app. We hypothesized that (a) attitudes toward GT will mediate the relations between trust in the healthcare system and downloading VA, and (b) attitudes toward GT will mediate the relations between the perceived COVID-19 threat and downloading VA.

Methods

Data were collected among 741 respondents who completed an online survey on July 19–21, 2020. The survey was designed to represent the diversity of the Israeli population. A logistic regression was calculated with downloading VA as the dependent variable and trust in the healthcare system, perceived threat and attitudes toward GT as independent variables. Then, the extent to which attitudes toward GT mediated the associations between trust in the healthcare system and downloading VA and between the perceived threat and downloading the voluntary app was assessed using the Process procedure.

Results

The findings reveal that 47.1% of respondents perceive governmental tracing as an invasion of privacy, while 24.4% report that it increased their sense of security. About a third report having downloaded the voluntary app. Both research hypotheses were supported; attitudes played a mediating role in the relationship between an individual’s level of trust and an individual’s level of perceived threat and behavior, i.e., higher trust and higher perceived COVID-19 threat were associated with more favorable attitudes towards GT, which was associated with more substantial odds of downloading VA.

Conclusions

The results emphasize the crucial importance of public trust. Building trust with the public is essential to encourage voluntary actions that ultimately benefit public health. Achieving and maintaining the public’s trust requires addressing concerns about the potential misuse of government power and fostering an environment that promotes voluntary participation and engagement.
Patient characteristics associated with their level of twelve-step attendance prior to entry into treatment for substance use disorders
Authors: Galanter Marc , White William L. , Dennis Michael L. , Hunter Brooke , Passetti Lora , Lustig Dan
Published: February 2025

Background

The availability of the fellowships of Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous in community settings is extensive and patients admitted to treatment programs for substance use disorder may therefore have previously attended meetings of these two Twelve Step (TS) programs. Data on such prior attendance and related clinical findings, however, are not typically available. They can, however, be relevant to how ensuing treatment is planned. We therefore undertook this study to ascertain the feasibility of evaluating how the level of TS attendance prior to treatment entry can be evaluated, and to determine clinically relevant findings that are associated with such attendance.

Methods

Over the course of 2022, 3,125 patients were admitted to a large urban multimodal United States-based treatment center. All patients were administered the structured interview-based Global Appraisal of Individual Needs upon admission. This instrument is employed to evaluate substance use, demographics, and related psychosocial variables. Clinically related variables were analyzed relative to whether given respondents have a history of any TS group attendance prior to admission.

Results

Distinctions were found between the 57.3% of respondents who had previously attended any TS meetings and the 42.6% who had not attended any meetings. Compared to respondents who had never attended TS meetings, those who had ever attended scored higher on emotional problems (p <.001, d = -0.58), and had more likely undergone previous SUD treatment (p <.001, d = 0.80). They were less likely to use substances in unsafe situations (p <.001, d = -0.55) and were less likely to express reluctance to remain abstinent (p <.001, d = -0.50). The 11% of respondents who considered themselves regular TS members reported a lower frequency of recent substance use (p <.001, d = -0.80) and were more likely to have attended intensive outpatient (p <.001, 0.46) and residential (p <.001, 0.44) treatment than patients who did not consider themselves regular attenders.

Conclusions

Examination of TS attendance prior to treatment admission is feasible. Findings can be clinically relevant for differential treatment planning and can also serve as a basis for further research into the role of TS participation in community settings.
Prediction of success in sports based on assumed individual genetic predisposition: lack of association with the C > T variant in the ACTN3 gene
Authors: Godina Elena , Khromov-Borisov Nikita , Bondareva Elvira
Published: February 2025

Background

Prediction of sports success (sports talent) based on individual genetic characteristics is the main goal of sports genetics/genomics. Most often, markers of predisposition to speed-strength sports, or endurance, are single-nucleotide variants in various parts of DNA. One of the most studied variants is the C/T variant in the ACTN3 gene. The accumulated data on the association of this variant with success in various sports is sufficient to conduct a meta-analysis. The purpose of the present review is to analyze the prognostic utility of the data presented in the literature on molecular genetic markers of genetic predisposition to achieve outstanding sports results using the example of the C > T variant of ACTN3 (rs1815739).

Main body

A total of 42 studies were included in the analysis, with a total number of 41,054 individuals (of which 10,442 were in the athlete group and 30,612 in the control group). For each study included in the analysis, the agreement of genotype frequencies with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was tested, as well as the presence of an excess or deficit of heterozygotes. Prediction intervals for the overall effect size (OR—odds ratio) was estimated. Both in the subgroups of athletes and controls, a significant difference F
IS from zero was found, suggesting inbreeding or outbreeding, as well as a very wide 95% CI for F
IS. A meta-analysis was conducted for dominant, codominant, and recessive inheritance models. The obtained ORs and their 95% CIs were in the range of almost negligible values or have very wide CIs. The evaluation for the recessive model showed 95% PI for the OR lies between 0.74 to 1.92. Statistically, it does not differ from zero, which means that in some 95% of studies comparable to those in the analysis, the true effect size will fall in this interval.

Conclusion

Despite numerous attempts to identify genetic variants associated with success in elite sports, progress in this direction remains insignificant. Thus, no sports or sports roles were found for which the C > T variant of the ACTN3 gene would be a reliable prognostic marker for assessing an individual predisposition to achieve high sports performance. The results of the present meta-analysis support the conclusion that neutral gene polymorphism—from evolutionary or adaptive point of view—is not a trait that can be selected or used as a predictive tool in sports.
Characteristics of people with bipolar disorder I with and without auditory verbal hallucinations
Authors: Javier Aster , Jaworska Natalia , Fiedorowicz Jess , Magnotta Vincent , Richards Jenny G. , Barsotti Ercole John , Wemmie John A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Approximately half of people with bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) report the presence of psychotic symptoms at least at some point during their illness. Previous data suggest that more than 20% of people with BD-I report the presence of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), or “voice-hearing” in particular. While work in other disorders with psychotic features (e.g., schizophrenia) indicates that the presence vs. absence of AVHs is associated with poorer clinical outcomes, little is known about their effects on clinical and socioeconomic features in BD-I.

Methods

We investigated whether people with BD-I (N = 119) with AVHs (n = 36) and without AVHs (n = 83) in their lifetime differ in terms of demographic features and clinical measures. Relations with AVHs and other positive symptoms were explored.

Results

People with BD-I and AVHs vs. without AVHs had higher manic and positive symptom scores (i.e., higher scores on the hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior subscales). Further, a greater proportion of those with vs. without AVHs reported lower subjective socioeconomic status and tended to have higher rates of unemployment, thus, speaking to the longer-term consequences of AVH presence.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that people with BD-I with AVHs exhibit more severe psychotic features and manic symptoms compared to those without. This might be associated with more socioeconomic hardship. More in-depth characterization of people with BD-I with/without AVHs is needed to fully understand this subgroup’s unique challenges and needs.

Limitations

The modest sample size of the AVH group and a study population with low racial diversity/representation may limit generalizability.
Anesthetic management in the lateral position in a patient with Parkinson’s disease who developed severe long-seated forward flexion with the face buried between the knees: a case report
Authors: Morimoto Takayuki , Ono Masaaki , Harada Yayoi , Ichinomiya Taiga , Higashijima Ushio , Hara Tetsuya
Published: February 2025

Background

Camptocormia, a postural deformity seen in Parkinson’s disease (PD), complicates general anesthesia, especially airway management, owing to severe spinal flexion in advanced stages.

Case presentation

We report the anesthetic management of a 76-year-old man with PD who developed severe long-seated forward flexion with the face buried between the knees, from camptocormia and multiple spinal surgeries. Removal of the exposed spinal implants was necessary, and general anesthesia was planned. Anesthesia was administered in the right lateral position from induction to awakening. Video laryngoscopy enabled successful intubation, and remimazolam with flumazenil ensured good recovery without complications.

Conclusions

This case demonstrates the feasibility of managing the airway and administering anesthesia in the right lateral position in patients with PD with severe long-seated forward flexion. Video-laryngoscopy and remimazolam with flumazenil offer advantages in such cases, although further studies are required to validate their broader applications.
Identification of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction related biomarkers in osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Yuxi , Bi Ke , Zhang Chunzhi , Gu Jiaao , Yu Zhange , Lu Jianping , Yu Lei
Published: February 2025

Background

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) involved in bone metabolism disorders. However, the particular mechanisms of ERS and MD related genes (ERS&MDRGs) in osteoporosis (OP) have not been elucidated. In present study, biomarkers related to ERS and MD in OP were identified.

Methods

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained based on GEO dataset. ERS&MDRGs were derived from Genecard database. Initially, ERS&MD related DEGs (ERS&MDRDEGs) were obtained by overlapping DEGs and ERS&MDRGs. The key module was screened by WGCNA. The intersection of ERS&MDRDEGs and key module was screened by machine learning to obtain key genes. Then, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to calculated diagnostic accuracy of key genes. The ssGSEA and Cibersort algorithms were performed to analyze immune cell infiltration. The miRNA-mRNA-TF network were draw by cytoscape software. Moleculaer docking and DGIdb database were employed for screening potential drugs. Finally, the expression of key genes was verified by qRT-PCR.

Results

The 122 ERS&MDRDEGs were obtained by preliminary screening. ERS&MDRDEGs were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism, calcium ion transport, and ossification. The 5 key genes were identified, including AAAS, ESR1, SLC12A2, TAF15, and VAMP2. Immune infiltration analysis showed monocyte and macrophage were different between OP and control groups. The miRNA-mRNA-TF regulatory network indicated has-miR-625-5p, has-miR-296-3p, CTCT and EP300 as potential regulatory targets. The 2 potential small molecule drugs, namely bumetanide and elacestrant were screened. The expression of AAAS, ESR1, VAMP2 were higher, and SLC12A2 and TAF15 were lower in OP than control group.

Conclusion

This research identified 5 key genes AAAS, ESR1, SLC12A2, TAF15 and VAMP2. Bumetanide and elacestrant were potential drugs. These findings provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of OP and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
The path to strategic fire management planning in the Aran, Pyrenees
Authors: Oliveres Jordi , Castellnou Marc , Castellarnau Xavi , Rosas-Casals Martí , Brotons Lluís , Duane Andrea
Published: February 2025

Background

This paper aims to present insights about the beneficial use of fire within a strategic and operational framework, providing actions for better adaptation to fire regime shifts in the face of climate change and land use changes. Supported by transdisciplinary analysis and aimed at supporting an actual regulation in the Aran (~ 600 km2 in the Spanish Pyrenees), our case study focuses on creating a management path toward landscape resilience at the social and ecological level.

Results

We present a novel approach for fire management in Europe, where fire is no longer treated as an isolated, unpredicted, and unwanted element but where the fire regime (considering both wildfires and prescribed burns) is managed as a whole and under changing conditions. Under this approach, some unplanned ignitions represent a window of opportunity where emergency responders can turn wildfire incidents into land management goals. This way, the present framework helps to reduce uncertainty by proactively anticipating plausible future scenarios. In addition, the subjacent strategic innovation dissolves the trap linked to fully aggressive fire suppression strategies, proposing a transformative role for emergency management organizations to overcome the burden of extinction everywhere, every time.

Conclusions

This work highlights the importance of understanding fire complexity through transdisciplinary knowledge, acknowledging its historical significance for rural populations, and recognizing fire as a cultural heritage and essential ecological process that shapes the landscape. The study expects to serve as a catalyst for fire resilience in the region and inspire other mountainous areas to address similar challenges posed by global change.
Role of protein regulators of cholesterol homeostasis in immune modulation and cancer pathophysiology
Authors: Wang Yu , Bendre Shruti V , Krauklis Steven A , Steelman Andrew J , Nelson Erik R
Published: February 2025

Cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis have emerged as important factors governing various aspects of cancer biology. Clinical associations between circulating cholesterol and poor prognosis, or use of cholesterol-lowering medication and improved prognosis have been noted for several different solid tumors. Mechanistically, cholesterol has many different direct and indirect effects on cancer cells themselves, but is also critically involved in shaping the function of other cells of the tumor microenvironment, especially immune cells. There are two major feedback loops regulating cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we highlight the major proteins involved in the so-called oxysterol – bile acid feedback loop and discuss how each one has been implicated in cancer biology. We focus on roles within the immune system with implications for cancer. Given that many of these proteins are enzymes or nuclear receptors, both of which are amenable to small molecule intervention, we posit that this axis may represent a promising area for therapeutic intervention.
Osilodrostat treatment for adrenal and ectopic Cushing syndrome: Integration of clinical studies with case presentations
Authors: Fleseriu Maria , Auchus Richard J , Bancos Irina , Biller Beverly M K
Published: February 2025

Although most cases of endogenous Cushing syndrome are caused by a pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease), approximately one-third of patients present with ectopic or adrenal causes. Surgery is the first-line treatment for most patients with Cushing syndrome; however, medical therapy is an important management option for those who are not eligible for, refuse, or do not respond to surgery. Clinical experience demonstrating that osilodrostat, an oral 11ꞵ-hydroxylase inhibitor, is effective and well tolerated comes predominantly from Phase III trials in patients with Cushing disease. Nonetheless, reports of its use in patients with ectopic or adrenal Cushing syndrome are increasing. These data highlight the importance of selecting the most appropriate starting dose and titration frequency while monitoring for adverse events, including those related to hypocortisolism and prolongation of the QT interval, to optimize treatment outcomes. Here, we use illustrative case studies to discuss practical considerations for the management of patients with ectopic or adrenal Cushing syndrome and review published data on the use of osilodrostat in these patients. The case studies show that, to achieve the goal of reducing cortisol levels in all etiologies of Cushing syndrome, management should be individualized according to each patient’s disease severity, comorbidities, performance status, and response to treatment. This approach to osilodrostat treatment maximizes the benefits of effective cortisol control, leads to improvements in comorbid conditions, and may ameliorate quality of life for patients across all types and severities of Cushing syndrome.
Lysyl Oxidases are Necessary for Myometrial Contractility and On-Time Parturition in Mice
Authors: Ouellette Alexis , Do Christina , Cohn-Guthrie Sydney , Lam Ying-Wai , Mahendroo Mala , Nallasamy Shanmugasundaram
Published: February 2025

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue mechanical homeostasis. Collagens and elastic fibers are the most predominant fibrous ECM proteins providing tissue mechanical function through covalent cross-linking which is mediated by the lysyl oxidase family of enzymes. In this study, the function of lysyl oxidases in maintaining the integrity of the extracellular matrix in the myometrium and its impact on parturition-timing was investigated. Gene and protein expression analyses demonstrate that a sub-set of the lysyl oxidase family of enzymes are highly induced in pregnant myometrium. Inhibition of the activity of the lysyl oxidase family of enzymes through β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) delays parturition in mice, in part, due to myometrial dysfunction. In BAPN treated mice, the expression of genes encoding contraction associated proteins such as connexin 43, oxytocin receptor and prostaglandin synthase 2 is significantly reduced in the myometrium compared to the untreated control mice. Proteomic analysis revealed that the composition of the ECM is altered in response to BAPN treatment which demonstrates that the inhibition of the activity of lysyl oxidases disrupted the integrity of the myometrial ECM. Our findings demonstrate that the lysyl oxidases-mediated ECM function is necessary for the myometrium to transition from a quiescent to a contractile phenotype at term for on-time parturition.
Beyond Pedicle Screw Placement: Future Minimally Invasive Applications of Robotics in Spine Surgery
Authors: Bhimreddy Meghana , Menta Arjun K. , Fuleihan Antony A. , Davidar A. Daniel , Kramer Patrick , Jillala Ritvik , Najeed Mustafa , Wang Xihang , Theodore Nicholas
Published: February 2025

Advancements in spine surgery have dramatically enhanced minimally invasive techniques, prominently through integrating robotic systems. Although pedicle screw placement remains the most widespread application of this technology, new developments are emerging to create innovative future avenues for these tools. This review explores the promising applications of robotic technology in minimally invasive spinal procedures, ranging from assistance with laminectomies and vertebroplasty to pain management and treatment of spinal tumors. We also discuss the potential for integrating artificial intelligence and augmented reality with robotic systems. If the current trajectory of research and innovation continues, there is promise in creating fully autonomous robotic systems that can revolutionize spine surgery by processing, planning, and performing procedures without heavy reliance on the surgeon.
Evolution of the Minimally Invasive Surgery Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Dada Abraham , Saggi Satvir , Ambati Vardhaan S. , Patel Arati , Mummaneni Praveen V.
Published: February 2025

The transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) technique, pioneered by Harms and Rolinger in 1982 and further refined in the early 2000s by Rosenberg and Mummaneni and later by Foley and Lefkowitz, uses Kambin triangle to access the disc space, thecal sac, and nerve roots. The minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approach to TLIF minimizes soft tissue disruption and spinal segment destabilization, offering benefits such as reduced operative times, blood loss, complications, and postoperative opiate use, with comparable fusion rates to open techniques. Despite these advantages, MIS interbody selection poses challenges, with the MIS TLIF preferred for L4-5 fusions when lordosis restoration is not needed. Key to the MIS TLIF technique is the use of expandable retractors, image-guided pedicle screw placement, and innovations like the expandable TLIF, which improves disc space lordosis. Navigation technologies, including 3-dimensional navigation, augmented reality, and robotics, may enhance surgical accuracy and visualization and may allow more precise screw and cage placement and reducing operative time and complications. Awake MIS TLIF, incorporating conscious sedation and local anesthesia, offers additional benefits of faster discharge and reduced postoperative pain. Some authors have also started using endoscopic techniques as well to further minimize tissue trauma. The integration of these advanced techniques and technologies in MIS TLIF continues to improve surgical outcomes and expands the applicability of this minimally invasive approach, making it a valuable tool in spine surgery.
Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Fusion Strategies
Authors: Rossi Vincent , Coric Domagoj
Published: February 2025

Thoracolumbar minimally invasive spine surgery (MIS) has become widely adopted over the past two decades. MIS cervical fixation has lagged behind, largely because of complex and variable cervical spinal anatomy. Traditional open spine fixation techniques are associated with high fusion rates but are plagued by significant approach-related morbidity. This morbidity is due to paraspinal muscle denervation and atrophy secondary to disruption of the posterior musculoligamentous complex leading to wound healing difficulties, including relatively high rates of wound infection and dehiscence as well as aesthetic issues. Therefore, novel MIS fixation techniques have focused on percutaneous tissue-sparing approaches in an effort to decrease wound morbidity and hospital readmission. In addition, more biomechanically robust minimally invasive constructs may provide smaller alternative surgical solutions. Previously described fluoroscopic MIS cervical pedicle screw placement has been revitalized with the recent description of a navigated percutaneous minimally invasive technique. With the incorporation of new enabling navigation technologies, this technique is feasible, reproducible, and safe. In addition, these procedures have provided unique solutions for approaching cervical pathology in line with currently accepted MIS principles of the thoracolumbar spine. This review article discusses current minimally invasive posterior fusion strategies with a description of the technique and case demonstrations.
The Role of Minimally Invasive Surgery in Spinal Trauma: A Review of Techniques, Outcomes, and Limitations
Authors: Paturu Mounica R. , Woo Joshua , Rocos Brett , Passias Peter , Haglund Michael , Orndorff Douglas , Goodwin C. Rory , Jones Kristen , Than Khoi D.
Published: February 2025

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has significantly revolutionized spine surgery by reducing morbidity, minimizing tissue damage, and improving postoperative outcomes compared with traditional open surgeries. Although MIS is well-documented for degenerative spine diseases, its full scope and limitations in spine trauma remains underexplored. Thus, this review aims to address this gap by examining relevant literature on the evolution, current practices, and future directions of MIS applications in spinal trauma care. We conducted a PubMed search with keywords including “MIS,” “percutaneous pedicle screw,” “lateral corpectomy,” “anterior thoracoscopic surgery,” and “transpsoas/direct lateral approach,” both individually and in combination with “thoracolumbar trauma,” “cervical trauma,” and “spine trauma.” After screening abstracts and full-text manuscript review, articles meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria were reviewed including prospective and retrospective case-control studies, case reports, and reviews. Exclusionary criteria included studies not involving traumatic injuries of the thoracolumbar or cervical spine, lack of clinical follow-up, and studies in foreign languages. Based on a literature review of 85 studies, the following manuscript focuses on the indications, complications, current literature, clinical outcomes, future directions, and limitations of MIS in managing thoracolumbar and cervical spine injuries with particular emphasis on percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, lateral thoracic and lumbar corpectomies, anterior thoracoscopic/endoscopic approaches, and treatment algorithms. Although MIS for spinal trauma offers numerous advantages, continuous research and data collection are crucial to developing clear treatment algorithms and improving clinical outcomes. However, the future of MIS in spine trauma care remains promising, with advancements in technology and surgical techniques anticipated to enhance safety, efficacy, and patient satisfaction.
Evolution of Robotic Spine Surgery Technologies
Authors: Pham Martin H. , Brown Nolan J.
Published: February 2025

Robotic-assisted spine surgery has significantly advanced surgical precision and safety. This is particularly pertinent in minimally invasive spine surgeries that rely on imaging and technologies for visualization and the ability to accomplish surgical goals through smaller surgical corridors. The ability to preoperatively plan and then place pedicle screws across a wide range of applications has reduced the difficulty of even complex surgeries that once may have been considered prohibitive for minimally invasive approaches. While challenges and limitations remain, ongoing research and development aim to address these to continually expand the benefits of robotic-assisted spine surgery.
Physical Activity and Ischemic Stroke Prevention
Authors: Ferfecka Gabriela , Marta Patrycja , Pawełek Klaudia , Morawiecka Natalia , Rosa-Bończak Magdalena , Ossolińska Agata , Huzarski Filip , Stolarska Lucyna , Kłosowicz Weronika , Carlton Olivier
Published: February 2025

Introduction:Ischemic stroke is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases, a leading cause of disability, and the primary cause of death globally. Numerous risk factors for stroke can be eliminated or mitigated through proper health-promoting measures, with regular physical activity being one of the most crucial. Exercise directly and indirectly reduces stroke risk by enhancing cardiovascular health and mitigating other risk factors.
Aim of the study:
This analysis is based on a review of studies and information found in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases regarding the impact of sports on the risk factors for ischemic stroke.
Conclusions:
The literature review indicates that sport has a direct effect on reducing the risk of ischemic stroke, but also an indirect effect in minimizing the risk factors for ischemic stroke. The existing research results have recorded a significantly beneficial impact of sport, such as the reduction of atherosclerotic changes in vessels, lowering blood pressure, and improving the elasticity of blood vessels.
Studying the impact of professional constraints and challenges on job well-being and employee motivation in sports clubs during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kiani Mohammad Saeid , Nazari Leila
Published: February 2025

Today, the world is facing the Corona crisis and the changes it has created. The aim of this study was to investigate the stress and job satisfaction of Iranian sports clubs during the Covid 19 pandemic. This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study is all employees of sports clubs who were selected using Morgan table and available sampling method (due to limitations and compliance with health protocols). Finally, 304 questionnaires were used in statistical analysis. In order to analyze the data obtained from the implementation of the research tool, the structural equation model, PLS software was used. Findings showed that job stress has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and also the results indicate the need for proper management to reduce the risk and reduce job stress of employees and also increase employee satisfaction. In the era of Corona and with the current economic and health problems, as well as the inability to predict the disappearance of this disease, you should think of more appropriate measures as soon as possible with regard to the activity of reopening sports venues.