bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract B04: Investigating the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Ph-like ALL.
Authors: Roberts Kathryn G. , Yang Yung-Li , Payne-Turner Debbie , Harvey Richard C. , Chen I-Ming , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Loh Mignon L. , Willman Cheryl L. , Hunger Stephen P. , Mullighan Charles G.
Published: August 2015

This abstract is being presented as a short talk. A full abstract is printed in the Proffered Abstracts section (PR02) of the Conference Proceedings.

Citation Format: Kathryn G. Roberts, Yung-Li Yang, Debbie Payne-Turner, Richard C. Harvey, I-Ming Chen, Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Mignon L. Loh, Cheryl L. Willman, Stephen P. Hunger, Charles G. Mullighan. Investigating the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Ph-like ALL. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr B04.
Abstract B08: eIF4E3 forms a novel cap-binding complex for mRNA translation initiation.
Authors: Landon Ari L. , Muniandy Parameswary A , Houng Simone , Shetty Amol , Becker Kevin , Borden Katherine , Gartenhaus Ronald B.
Published: August 2015

Dysregulation of mRNA translation can alter the cellular phenotype leading to cancer initiation, maintenance, progression, invasion or metastasis. Cap-dependent translation is the primary mechanism of mRNA translation in eukaryotic cells. The conventional cap-binding complex, eIF4F consists of three components including eIF4A, eIF4G and eIF4E1. eIF4E1 binds the 7-methyl-guanosine-cap (cap) structure in the mRNA and functions to bridge mRNA to the ribosome. eIF4E3 is another member of the eIF4E family that has been recently shown to bind cap using biophysical approach. We explored the biological function of eIF4E3 in a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma model. We found that in the absence or lack of eIF4E1 phosphorylation, eIF4E3 expression is enhanced, and this increases the cap-binding ability of eIF4E3. We find that eIF4E3 also physically associates with the components of the cap-binding complex eIF4A and eIF4G, essentially forming a novel cap-binding complex. We interrogated the functional capacity of the eIF4E3-mediated translation by analyzing the translatome and transcriptome of eIF4E3 expressing cells. eIF4E3 and eIF4E1 mutually regulate a high fraction of total mRNA transcripts, while exclusively modulating translation of select messages. Interestingly, we identified selective motif enrichments in the 5'UTR that may facilitate transcript selection by eIF4E1 or eIF4E3. Together, we have identified a novel cap-binding complex consisting of eIF4A, eIF4G and eIF4E3, which can initiate mRNA translation of select messages.

Citation Format: Ari L. Landon, Parameswary A Muniandy, Simone Houng, Amol Shetty, Kevin Becker, Katherine Borden, Ronald B. Gartenhaus. eIF4E3 forms a novel cap-binding complex for mRNA translation initiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr B08.
Abstract B24: Delineating the roles of lysine 27 methylation-associated epigenetic modulators in T cell leukemia.
Authors: Ntziachristos Panagiotis , Welstead Grant , Trimarchi Thomas , Bakogianni Sofia , Xu Luyao , Vlierberghe Pieter Van , Prinjha Rab , Ferrando Adolfo , Jaenisch Rudolf , Mullighan Charles , Iannis Aifantis
Published: August 2015

This abstract is being presented as a short talk. A full abstract is printed in the Proffered Abstracts section (PR03) of the Conference Proceedings.

Citation Format: Panagiotis Ntziachristos, Grant Welstead, Thomas Trimarchi, Sofia Bakogianni, Luyao Xu, Pieter Van Vlierberghe, Rab Prinjha, Adolfo Ferrando, Rudolf Jaenisch, Charles Mullighan, Aifantis Iannis. Delineating the roles of lysine 27 methylation-associated epigenetic modulators in T cell leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr B24.
Abstract B28: Co-occupancy of AML1-ETO and N-CoR defines a dominant phenotypic signature in leukemic cells.
Authors: Trombly Daniel J. , Whitfield Troy W. , Padmanabhan Srivatsan , Gordon Jonathan A. , Lian Jane B. , Wijnen Andre J. van , Zaidi Sayyed K. , Stein Janet L. , Stein Gary S.
Published: August 2015

The t(8;21) chromosomal translocation produces AML1-ETO, an oncogenic fusion protein that compromises the function of AML1, a transcription factor critical for the myeloid cell differentiation. The differentiation arrest and self-renewal phenotypes of cells expressing AML1-ETO have been chiefly studied at the single gene level. In order to understand how the genome-wide occupancy of AML1-ETO and associated co-regulators contributes to the leukemic properties of Kasumi-1 cells, a model system for human t(8;21) leukemia, chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments were employed. Genome-wide DNA binding profiles for AML1 and AML1-ETO in Kasumi-1 cells showed that both proteins were enriched at introns and distal upstream regulatory regions, the latter implying that distal elements are likely important for target gene regulation. Importantly, A substantial fraction of AML1/AML1-ETO-p300 co-localization occurs near transcriptional start sites (TSSs) in promoter regions associated with transcriptionally active loci, as indicated by an observed enrichment of the H3K4me3 histone modification. A significant discovery of the current study is the co-localization of AML1/AML1-ETO with N-CoR on regions that are primarily distal to TSSs. Analyses of both gene expression data and gene ontology suggest that the AML1/AML1-ETO co-localization with N-CoR, more so than with p300, is associated with the leukemic phenotype of Kasumi-1 cells. De novo motif discovery reveals that PU.1 motifs are over-represented in regions co-occupied by AML1-ETO and N-CoR compared to other AML1-ETO bound regions. Our findings establish a novel and predominant AML leukemia signature characterized by occupancy of the AML1-ETO/N-CoR complex at genomic regions enriched in motifs for myeloid differentiation factors. We propose that this property is critical for maintenance of the leukemic phenotype.

Citation Format: Daniel J. Trombly, Troy W. Whitfield, Srivatsan Padmanabhan, Jonathan A. Gordon, Jane B. Lian, Andre J. van Wijnen, Sayyed K. Zaidi, Janet L. Stein, Gary S. Stein. Co-occupancy of AML1-ETO and N-CoR defines a dominant phenotypic signature in leukemic cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr B28.
Abstract B38: F317i mutation-associated nilotinib resistance in a child with CML: A first report.
Authors: Tucker Heidi , Kent Paul
Published: August 2015

Background: Philadelphia chromosome, t(9;22), positive (Ph+) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) accounts for only 2-2.5% of childhood leukemia cases or about 60 cases per year in the US. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically changed the prognosis and treatment of CML in adults and children. Failure of TKIs is often due to mutations. In adult CML, the F317i mutation has been implicated in resistance to first and second line TKIs (imatinib/dasatinib) without affecting sensitivity to the third line TKI, nilotinib. The F317i mutation has been documented a handful of times in adult CML and in childhood Ph+ALL cases. We describe what we believe to be a first report of F317i mutation in a child with Ph+ CML who, after initial major molecular responses, rapidly developed resistance to first, second and third line TKIs.

The current Childrens Oncology Group trial of oral nilotinib (COG AAML1321) does not recognize F317i as a mutation associated with nilotinib resistance.

Case: An 11-year old female with classic chronic phase (CP) CML was found to have the F317i mutation after initially achieving an MMR during the first 3 months of treatment while on dasatinib. After results of the F317i mutation were received, the patient was switched to nilotinib and again achieved an MMR in the first 2 months before rapidly decompensating with a pre B cell ALL blast crisis. The child was then treated with ALL induction and consolidation and allogeneic stem cell transplant and again achieved an MMR which has been sustained for 5 months.

Methods: Cases of the F317i mutation have been documented in adults, however, we did an extensive literature search of PubMed, Ovid, and Google Scholar using keywords “F317” as well as F317i, ” and we were unable to find another report of this mutation in a child.

Discussion: CML in children is rare and to our knowledge the F317i mutation in children has not been previously reported. In contrast to how the F317i mutation is expected to behave in adult Ph+ CML, our patient developed resistance to nilotinib.

Conclusion: Our CML patient failed nilotinib. The F317i mutation in a child may warrant closer molecular monitoring and the consideration of early stem cell transplantation.

Citation Format: Heidi Tucker, Paul Kent. F317i mutation-associated nilotinib resistance in a child with CML: A first report. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr B38.
Abstract IA13: Preclinical development of a humanized anti-CD47 antibody targeting AML stem cells.
Authors: Majeti Ravi
Published: August 2015

Human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is organized as a cellular hierarchy initiated and maintained by rare self-renewing leukemia stem cells (LSC), which must be eliminated in order to cure the patient. We originally identified increased expression of CD47 on human AML LSC compared to their normal counterparts. CD47 is a widely expressed cell surface protein that functions as a regulator of phagocytosis mediated by cells of the innate immune system, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. CD47 serves as the ligand for a receptor on these innate immune cells, SIRP-alpha, which in turn delivers an inhibitory signal for phagocytosis. In this way, CD47 essentially functions as a “don't eat me” signal. We previously found increased expression of CD47 on primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells, and demonstrated that blocking monoclonal antibodies directed against CD47 enabled the phagocytosis and elimination of AML, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and many solid tumors in xenograft models. These results established CD47 as a promising clinical therapeutic antibody target for human AML and other cancers. Towards this goal, we have now developed a novel humanized anti-CD47 antibody with potent efficacy and favorable toxicokinetic properties as a candidate human therapeutic. A novel monoclonal anti-human CD47 antibody, 5F9, was generated, and antibody humanization was carried out by grafting its complementarity determining regions (CDRs) onto a human IgG4 format. The resulting humanized 5F9 antibody (Hu5F9-G4) bound monomeric human CD47 with an 8 nM affinity. Hu5F9-G4 induced potent macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of primary human AML cells in vitro and completely eradicated human AML in vivo, leading to long-term disease-free survival of patient-derived xenografts. Moreover, Hu5F9-G4 synergized with rituximab to eliminate NHL engraftment and cure xenografted mice. Finally, toxicokinetic studies in non-human primates showed that Hu5F9-G4 could be safely administered intravenously at doses able to achieve potentially therapeutic serum levels. Thus, Hu5F9-G4 is actively being developed for clinical trials in human cancers including AML.

Citation Format: Ravi Majeti. Preclinical development of a humanized anti-CD47 antibody targeting AML stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
Abstract IA30: How cells survive: Single cell analysis reveals properties of non-genetic apoptosis resistance.
Authors: Green Douglas R.
Published: August 2015

The mechanism of non-genetic resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis remains unresolved as the regulatory pathways involved are interconnected and complex. Single-cell mass cytometry was used to profile functional changes in regulatory factors while simultaneously monitoring apoptotic progression in TRAIL-treated cells. Cells resistant to TRAIL possessed diverse signaling states, however only cells within a subset of these states, termed “essential persisters” (EPs), were able to survive long-term and replicate. Constriction of the EP signaling states with kinase perturbagens decreased cell survival, however, the EPs occupied unique signaling states for each cell line tested. In order to overcome cell-type specific resistance, single peturbogen data was used to predict the effects of perturbagen combinations on survival. The level of EP signaling state constriction by a single perturbagen was a more robust predictor of combinatorial effects than extrapolating from single perturbogen cell survival data directly. These findings provide a population-level understanding of non-genetic resistance and explain the shortcoming of previous ‘bulk’ methods for identifying mechanisms of TRAIL-resistance. The use of signaling space constriction in persisters may guide design of therapies against non-genetic resistance in the future.

Citation Format: Douglas R. Green. How cells survive: Single cell analysis reveals properties of non-genetic apoptosis resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr IA30.
Abstract IA32: BCL-2 inhibition–An example of translational medicine–Update.
Authors: Gordon Gary B.
Published: August 2015

Apoptosis, a conserved and carefully regulated cell suicide event, is the principal mechanism used by the organism to remove senescent, damaged, and redundant cells in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. Tumors dysregulate this pathway by perturbing the dynamic balance between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival members of the BCL-2 family proteins and as such, these proteins are compelling targets for the development of cancer therapeutics. Synthesizing small molecules capable of disrupting protein-protein interactions, however, has posed a major challenge for the field. Early BCL-2 antagonists, while active in the pre-clinical models, had failed to demonstrate efficacy in the clinic. Structure-activity based drug design has led to development of several new selective inhibitors of the BCL-2 and BCL-XL including navitoclax, ABT-199, and S-55746 with all three exhibiting activity in pre-clinical testing. Navitoclax has demonstrated tumor growth inhibition in select hematological malignancies but its utility was limited by accompanying thrombocytopenia. The next generation molecule, ABT-199, is an oral BCL-2-selective inhibitor that has shown activity in the clinic. This presentation will review the journey of drug discovery and development from the mechanism-based postulate and preclinical work to the translational studies and ultimately to the bedside.

Citation Format: Gary B. Gordon. BCL-2 inhibition–An example of translational medicine–Update. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr IA32.
Rapamycin Combined with Immature Dendritic Cells Attenuates Obliterative Bronchiolitis in Trachea Allograft Rats by Regulating the Balance of Regulatory and Effector T Cells
Authors: Dong Ming , Wang Xin , Liu Jie , Zhao Yu-Xia , Chen Xing-Long , Li Ke-Qiu , Li Guang
Published: August 2015

Background: Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) ranks as the major obstacle for long-term survival of lung transplantation patients. Rapamycin (Rapa) has recently been confirmed as an immunosuppressant for antirejection due to its suppressive role in T cell activation. Here, we explore the effect of Rapa combined with immature dendritic cells (imDCs) on OB in trachea allograft rats. Methods: The effect of bone marrow-derived imDCs or Rapa-imDCs on lymphocyte cells and CD4+ T cells were evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and flow cytometry. Tracheal transplantation was performed from Lewis rats to Wistar recipients. Recipient rats received Rapa+imDCs for 10 consecutive days after implantation. Allograft rejection was assessed by micro-CT image, hematoxylin/eosinHE staining and flow cytometry. The underlying mechanism was also investigated. Results: Rapa-imDCs inhibited lymphocyte and CD4+ T cell growth. Furthermore, Rapa-imDC treatment induced T cell hyporesponsiveness by attenuating T cell differentiation into IFN-γ-producing T cells (Th1), but increased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell (Treg) contents. Importantly, Rapa-imDC administration ameliorated airway obliteration symptoms and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration. Furthermore, the proinflammatory factor levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 were decreased, concomitant with the upregulation of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1. Further analysis confirmed that Rapa-imDC treatment attenuated the amounts of infiltrated IL-17+CD4+ T cells (Th17 cells) and Th1 cells, but increased Treg contents in the spleens of recipients. Conclusions: This research may corroborate a protective role of Rapa-imDCs in OB by regulating the balance between effector T cells and Tregs, suggesting a potential applicable strategy to treat OB after lung transplantation.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms, Caregiver Burden and Distress in Behavioral-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lima-Silva Thais Bento , Bahia Valéria Santoro , Carvalho Viviane Amaral , Guimarães Henrique Cerqueira , Caramelli Paulo , Balthazar Márcio Luiz , Damasceno Benito , Bottino Cássio Machado , Brucki Sônia Maria , Nitrini Ricardo , Yassuda Mônica Sanches
Published: August 2015

Background/Aims: We aimed to compare caregiver burden and distress in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to investigate which factors contribute to caregivers' burden and distress. Methods: Fifty patients and their caregivers were invited to participate. Among the patients, 20 had a diagnosis of bvFTD and 30 had AD. Caregivers and patients were statistically equivalent for age, sex, education and dementia severity according to Clinical Dementia Rating. The protocol included the Short Zarit Burden Inventory, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised, the Executive Interview with 25 Items, Direct Assessment of Functional Status and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). Results: In the NPI, caregivers of bvFTD patients reported a higher presence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver distress compared to caregivers of AD patients. There was no significant difference in the perceived burden. In bvFTD, DAD and GAI scores were significantly correlated with burden, whereas in AD, burden was correlated with CSDD and NPI scores. Psychiatric symptoms were associated with distress in both groups. Conclusions: Caregivers of bvFTD patients experienced higher levels of distress than caregivers of AD patients. Patients' functional limitations were associated with burden of caregivers of bvFTD patients, whereas neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with caregiver strain in both groups.
Inhibitor development in non-severe haemophilia across Europe
Authors: Iorio Alfonso , Lassila Riitta , Peyvandi Flora , Calizzani Gabriele , Gatt Alex , Lambert Thierry , Windyga Jerzy , Gilman Estelle , Makris Michael , Fischer Kathelijn ,   the EUHASS participants
Published: August 2015

Evidence about inhibitor formation in non-severe haemophilia and the potential role for clotting factor concentrate type is scant. It was the aim of this study to report inhibitor development in non-severe haemophilia patients enrolled in the European Haemophilia Safety Surveillance (EUHASS) study. Inhibitors are reported quarterly and total treated patients annually. Incidence rates and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were calculated according to diagnosis and concentrate used. Between 1–10–2008 and 31–12–2012, 68 centres reported on 7,969 patients with non-severe haemophilia A and 1,863 patients with non-severe haemophilia B. For haemophilia A, 37 inhibitors occurred in 8,622 treatment years, resulting in an inhibitor rate of 0.43/100 treatment years (95 % CI 0.30–0.59). Inhibitors occurred at a median age of 35 years, after a median of 38 exposure days (EDs; P25-P75: 20-80); with 72 % occurring within the first 50 EDs. In haemophilia B, one inhibitor was detected in 2,149 treatment years, resulting in an inhibitor rate of 0.05/100 years (95% CI 0.001–0.26). This inhibitor developed at the age of six years, after six EDs. The rate of inhibitors appeared similar across recombinant and plasma derived factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates. Rates for individual concentrates could not be calculated at this stage due to low number of events. In conclusion, inhibitors in non-severe haemophilia occur three times more frequently than in previously treated patients with severe haemophilia at a rate of 0.43/100 patient years (haemophilia A) and 0.05/100 years (haemophilia B). Although the majority of inhibitors developed in the first 50 EDs, inhibitor development continued with increasing exposure to FVIII.
The role of platelets in inflammation
Authors: Storey Robert , Thomas Mark
Published: August 2015

There is growing recognition of the critical role of platelets in inflammation and immune responses. Recent studies have indicated that antiplatelet medications may reduce mortality from infections and sepsis, which suggests possible clinical relevance of modifying platelet responses to inflammation. Platelets release numerous inflammatory mediators that have no known role in haemostasis. Many of these mediators modify leukocyte and endothelial responses to a range of different inflammatory stimuli. Additionally, platelets form aggregates with leukocytes and form bridges between leukocytes and endothelium, largely mediated by platelet P-selectin. Through their interactions with monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and the endothelium, platelets are therefore important coordinators of inflammation and both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Reduces Subcellular Heterogeneity of Ryanodine Receptors, T-Tubules, and Ca
2+
Sparks Produced by Dyssynchronous Heart Failure
Authors: Li Hui , Lichter Justin G. , Seidel Thomas , Tomaselli Gordon F. , Bridge John H.B. , Sachse Frank B.
Published: August 2015

Background—

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a major advance for treatment of patients with dyssynchronous heart failure (DHF). However, our understanding of DHF-associated remodeling of subcellular structure and function and their restoration after CRT remains incomplete.

Methods and Results—

We investigated subcellular heterogeneity of remodeling of structures and proteins associated with excitation–contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes in DHF and after CRT. Three-dimensional confocal microscopy revealed subcellular heterogeneity of ryanodine receptor (RyR) density and the transverse tubular system (t-system) in a canine model of DHF. RyR density at the ends of lateral left ventricular cardiomyocytes was higher than that in cell centers, whereas the t-system was depleted at cell ends. In anterior left ventricular cardiomyocytes, however, we found a similar degree of heterogeneous RyR remodeling, despite preserved t-system. Synchronous heart failure was associated with marginal heterogeneity of RyR density. We used rapid scanning confocal microscopy to investigate effects of heterogeneous structural remodeling on calcium signaling. In DHF, diastolic Ca
2+
spark density was smaller at cell ends versus centers. After CRT, subcellular heterogeneity of structures and function was reduced.

Conclusions—

RyR density exhibits remarkable subcellular heterogeneity in DHF. RyR remodeling occurred in lateral and anterior cardiomyocytes, but remodeling of t-system was confined to lateral myocytes. These findings indicate that different mechanisms underlie remodeling of RyRs and t-system. Furthermore, we suggest that ventricular dyssynchrony exacerbates subcellular remodeling in heart failure. CRT efficiently reduced subcellular heterogeneity. These results will help to explain remodeling of excitation–contraction coupling in disease and restoration after CRT.
Association Between Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Depots and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Authors: Abraham Tobin M. , Pedley Alison , Massaro Joseph M. , Hoffmann Udo , Fox Caroline S.
Published: August 2015

Background—

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) vary in volume and quality. We evaluated whether fat volume or attenuation (indirect measure of quality) predicts metabolic risk factor changes.

Methods and Results—

Framingham Heart Study Multi-detector Computed Tomography Substudy participants (n=1730, 45% women) were followed up over a mean of 6.2 years. Baseline VAT and SAT volume (in cm
3
) and attenuation (in Hounsfield units) were assessed. Outcomes included blood pressure, lipids, and glucose. We constructed multivariable regression models predicting change from baseline to follow-up. Baseline VAT was associated with metabolic risk factors at follow-up. Per 500-cm
3
increase in baseline VAT, glucose was 2.34 mg/dL higher (95% confidence interval, 1.71–2.97) and high-density lipoprotein was 1.62 mg/dL lower (95% confidence interval, 0.97–2.28) in women (
P
<0.0001 for both). These findings remained significant after adjustment for body mass index. Results for SAT were similar although less striking. Lower (more negative) fat attenuation was associated with more adverse metabolic profiles at follow-up. For example, per 5-unit decrease in baseline VAT Hounsfield units, log triglycerides increased by 0.08 mg/dL (95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.12;
P
=0.005), which remained significant after adjustment for baseline VAT. Among men, VAT and SAT Hounsfield units were associated with changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors but were mostly attenuated after baseline volume adjustment.

Conclusions—

VAT volume and SAT volume are associated with incident metabolic risk factors beyond overall adiposity. Decreases in fat attenuation are also associated with incident risk factors. These findings suggest that both volume and quality of VAT and SAT contribute to metabolic risk.
Spouses of Stroke Survivors Report Reduced Health-Related Quality of Life Even in Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Persson Josefine , Holmegaard Lukas , Karlberg Ingvar , Redfors Petra , Jood Katarina , Jern Christina , Blomstrand Christian , Forsberg-Wärleby Gunilla
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose—

The consequences for the family of stroke survivor are generally studied in a short-term perspective. The aim of this study was to assess long-term aspects of health-related quality of life among spouses of stroke survivors.

Methods—

Data on stroke survivors, controls, and spouses were collected from the 7-year follow-up of the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke (SAHLSIS). The health-related quality of life of spouses was assessed by the Short Form-36, and the characteristics of stroke survivors were assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Barthel Index, and the modified Rankin Scale.

Results—

Dyads of 248 stroke survivors aged <70 at stroke onset and 245 dyads of matched controls were included. Spouses of stroke survivors and spouses of controls had a median age of 64 and 65, respectively; proportion of men was 35% and 34%, respectively. The spouses of stroke survivors reported lower scores in all the mental domains (
P
=0.045;
P
<0.001), as well as in the domains of general health (
P
=0.013) and physical role (
P
=0.006), compared with the spouses of controls. Predictors of poor physical health of the spouses were their own age and the level of global disability of the stroke survivor. Predictors of poor mental health of the spouses were depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and global disability among the stroke survivors.

Conclusions—

The health-related quality of life of spouses of stroke survivors is reduced not only during the first years but also in the long-term perspective.
Maximal Admission Core Lesion Compatible With Favorable Outcome in Acute Stroke Patients Undergoing Endovascular Procedures
Authors: Ribo Marc , Tomasello Alejandro , Lemus Miguel , Rubiera Marta , Vert Carla , Flores Alan , Coscojuela Pilar , Pagola Jorge , Rodriguez-Luna David , Bonet Sandra , Muchada Marian , Rovira Alex , Molina Carlos A.
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose—

Multiparametric imaging is meant to identify nonreversible lesions and predict on admission the minimum final infarct volume, a strong predictor of outcome. We aimed to confirm this hypothesis and define the maximal admission lesion volume compatible with favorable outcome (MALCOM).

Methods—

We studied patients with internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery occlusion selected with multiparametric computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, who underwent endovascular procedures. Admission infarct core was measured on initial cerebral blood volume–computed tomography perfusion or diffusion weighted imaging–magnetic resonance imaging. We defined percentage of lesion growth (final lesion admission core/admission core) and MALCOM: cutoff admission core volume above which probability of modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 is <10%.

Results—

Fifty-seven patients were studied (29 magnetic resonance imaging and 28 computed tomography perfusion). Mean core volume was 28±22 mL, and recanalization thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia 2b-3 was 77%. At 24 hours, mean infarct volume was 64±97 mL, and at 3 months modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 was 45%. Median lesion growth was smaller in recanalizers (16.7% versus 198.3%;
P
<0.01). MALCOM was 39 mL. When recanalization was achieved, 64% of patients within MALCOM (<39 mL) achieved favorable outcome, whereas despite recanalization only 12% of patients beyond MALCOM (>39 mL) achieved modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 (
P
=0.01). A regression model adjusted for age and recanalization showed that the only predictor of favorable outcome was having admission core lesion below MALCOM (OR: 9.3, 95% CI: 1.9–46.4;
P
<0.01). Analysis according to imaging modality showed that computed tomography–cerebral blood volume allowed larger MALCOM (42 mL) than magnetic resonance–diffusion weighted imaging (29 mL). In octogenarians, MALCOM (15 mL) was lower in younger patients (40 mL).

Conclusions—

Admission lesion core is associated with final infarct volume and is a strong predictor of favorable outcome. MALCOM according to imaging modality and patient age could be set and used on admission to select candidates for endovascular procedures.
Media, Art, and Politics in the Work of Roberto Jacoby
Authors: Alberro Alexander
Published: August 2015

Roberto Jacoby is part of a generation of artists who, in a series of important exhibitions at the Instituto Torcuato Di Tella in Buenos Aires in the 1960s, began to combine structuralism and semiology with Marxism. His art projects have been predominantly collaborative, and their very status as “art” has been troubled by their pervasive ephemerality, context specificity, and topicality. To this day, Jacoby's art, research, and writings continue to confound the boundaries of the art institution.
Selected Writings
Authors: Jacoby Roberto
Published: August 2015

This selection of texts by the Argentinean artist Roberto Jacoby includes seven that are here published in English for the first time, and two others rendered in new translations. The majority of the texts (all but three) were written in the 1960s. Some, such as “Scale Model of an Artwork” (1966), “Automatic Circuit (work no. 1 for Telephone Circuit)” (1967), and “Message at the Di Tella Institute” (1968), are short descriptions of artworks. Another, “An Art of Communications Media (Manifesto)” (1967), takes the form of a manifesto, co-written by Jacoby and two other artists. “Demonstration: A Mass Media Artwork” (1967) touches on various issues topical in the mid-1960s art world in Argentina and beyond, including the relationship between art and life, society, and politics, and “Against the Happening” (1967) considers an art that harnesses the mass media for its production. The section also includes translations of song lyrics written by Jacoby that link intimate themes of love with international politics. The songs were put to music and recorded by the Argentinian rock group Virus for its fifth record, “Surfaces of Pleasure” (1987). The section concludes with “Strategy of Joy” (2000), an article that theorizes a biopolitical form of resistance to the civil-military dictatorship that brutalized the Argentinian population in the 1970s and early 1980s, and “Report on the Venus Project” (2002), which focuses on an experimental community formed in the midst of the social, economic and political crisis that befell Argentina in the summer of 2001, and, according to some, is ongoing.
Trespassing Hollywood: Property, Space, and the “Appropriation Film”
Authors: Misek Richard
Published: August 2015

In the two decades since the first exhibition of Douglas Gordon's 24 Hour Psycho (1993), “appropriation”—a mainstay of visual art since the mid-twentieth century—has also become a mainstay of experimental filmmaking and artists' film and video. Montages, collages, found-footage documentaries, essay films, and diverse other works made from pre-existing moving images now feature regularly at film festivals, in museum cinematheques, and in art galleries. Yet beyond the protective walls of these cultural institutions, a global copyright war is raging. Over recent years, media owners have become ever more assertive of their intellectual property rights, while activists have become ever bolder in their demands for radical open access. How have film and video artists responded to these differing views about what constitutes our cultural commons? This article explores the question by focusing on two test cases: Thom Andersen's essay film Los Angeles Plays Itself (2003) and Christian Marclay's video collage The Clock (2011). Both involve unlicensed reuse of pre-existing film and television material. However, in their overall conception, methods of production, and distribution and exhibition, Andersen's and Marclay's works provide opposing models for how to engage with media property. The article concludes by suggesting that the two works' differences raise urgent ethical question about how (and where) contemporary artists' film and video is exhibited.
Indigofera pseudonigrescens (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae): A new species from Sichuan, China
Authors: ZHAO XUE-LI , GAO XIN-FEN
Published: August 2015

Indigofera pseudonigrescens (Fabaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. The new species is morphologically similar to I. nigrescens, but differs from the latter in having shorter bracts, smaller leaflet size, and fewer leaflets whose abaxial surfaces do not become dark or black or do not have black spots when dry. Molecular analysis based on nuclear (nrITS) and plastid (ndhJ-trnF, atpF-atpH) data indicated that I. pseudonigrescens is clearly distant from I. nigrescens. The results also revealed that I. pseudonigrescens is phylogenetically close to I. delavayi which is morphologically remarkably different from I. pseudonigrescens.
Gentianella viridiflora (Gentianaceae), a new species from the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Pfanzelt Simon , Sylvester Steven , Ammann Lolita , Sylvester Mitsy
Published: August 2015

Gentianella viridiflora (Gentianaceae, Gentianeae, Swertiinae), here described and illustrated, is a new species from the Cordillera Vilcabamba, southern Peru. Its yellowish-green corolla distinguishes it from other South American species of the genus that share a similar set of morphological features. The new species is known only from the type locality where it occurs in grazed areas next to Polylepis woodland.
Mites and ticks (Acari) in Shanxi Province, China: an annotated checklist
Authors: MA MIN , LI SHENG-CAI , FAN QING-HAI
Published: August 2015

This paper reviews the research on mites and ticks in Shanxi Province before 1 January 2015. We provided a checklist of 189 species belonging to 4 orders—Ixodida: 24 species in 2 families and 9 genera; Mesostigmata: 74 species in 12 families and 34 genera; Sarcoptiformes: 17 species in 10 families and 14 genera and Trombidiformes: 74 species in 15 families and 47 genera. Information on the host/habitat and distribution is given for each species. Historical mistakes in records are corrected and the classification of the known species is updated.
First records of interstitial leptocytherids (Crustacea, Ostracoda): two new species and a redescription of Callistocythere ventricostata Ruan & Hao, 1988 collected from the Okinawa Islands, southern Japan
Authors: HA TRAN MANH , TSUKAGOSHI AKIRA
Published: August 2015

Two new and one known species belonging to the genus Callistocythere of the family Leptocytheridae from interstitial environments of the Okinawa Islands are fully described. Callistocythere intermedia sp. nov. is regarded as belonging to the C. japonica group, and Callistocythere ryukyuensis sp. nov. belongs to the C. minor group (these groups were established by Hanai 1957 based on carapace morphology). The redescribed Callistocythere ventricostata Ruan & Hao, 1988 clearly differs from known leptocytherid species in the morphologies of the carapace and the male copulatory organ. The habitats of C. intermedia sp. nov. and C. ryukyuensis sp. nov. are found along the shoreline zone and the mid to high tide levels of the littoral zone, respectively, and C. ventricostata is found from the shoreline to the sub-tidal zone. These species are the first global records of interstitial leptocytherids.
Scale insect species names that have been combined with the genus name Dactylopius Costa (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha)
Authors: WILLIAMS DOUGLAS J. , BEN-DOV YAIR
Published: August 2015

The genus Dactylopius is the only genus at present in the family Dactylopiidae. Since the name Dactylopius was proposed in 1829, however, numerous other species names belonging to different families of scale insects have been combined with it and these are also listed. The present status and the family placement are also given for each species.
Ocean State Forecast along Ship Routes: Evaluation Using ESSO-INCOIS Real-Time Ship-Mounted Wave Height Meter and Satellite Observations
Authors: Harikumar R. , Hithin N. K. , Balakrishnan Nair T. M. , Sirisha P. , Prasad B. Krishna , Jeyakumar C. , Nayak Shailesh , Shenoi S. S. C.
Published: August 2015

Ocean state forecast (OSF) along ship routes (OAS) is an advisory service of the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) of the Earth System Science Organization (ESSO) that helps mariners to ensure safe navigation in the Indian Ocean in all seasons as well as in extreme conditions. As there are many users who solely depend on this service for their decision making, it is very important to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the service using the available in situ and satellite observations. This study evaluates the significant wave height (Hs) along the ship track in the Indian Ocean using the ship-mounted wave height meter (SWHM) on board the Oceanographic Research Vessel Sagar Nidhi, and the Cryosat-2 and Jason altimeters. Reliability of the SWHM is confirmed by comparing with collocated buoy and altimeter observations. The comparison along the ship routes using the SWHM shows very good agreement (correlation coefficient > 0.80) in all three oceanic regimes, [the tropical northern Indian Ocean (TNIO), the tropical southern Indian Ocean (TSIO), and extratropical southern Indian Ocean (ETSI)] with respect to the forecasts with a lead time of 48 h. However, the analysis shows ~10% overestimation of forecasted significant wave height in the low wave heights, especially in the TNIO. The forecast is found very reliable and accurate for the three regions during June–September with a higher correlation coefficient (average = 0.88) and a lower scatter index (average = 15%). During other months, overestimation (bias) of lower Hs is visible in the TNIO.
The Acculturation of Parenting Cognitions
Authors: Cote Linda R. , Kwak Keumjoo , Putnick Diane L. , Chung Hyun Jin , Bornstein Marc H.
Published: August 2015

A three-culture comparison—native South Korean, Korean immigrants to the United States, and native European American mothers—of two types of parenting cognitions—attributions and self-perceptions—was undertaken to explore cultural contributions to parenting cognitions and their adaptability among immigrant mothers. Attributions and self-perceptions of parenting were chosen because they influence parenting behavior and children’s development and vary cross-culturally. One hundred seventy-nine mothers of 20-month-old children participated: 73 South Korean, 50 Korean immigrant, and 56 European American. Korean mothers differed from European American mothers on four of the five types of attributions studied and on all four self-perceptions of parenting, and these differences were largely consistent with the distinct cultural values of South Korea and the United States. Generally, Korean immigrant mothers’ attributions for parenting more closely resembled those of mothers in the United States, whereas their self-perceptions of parenting more closely resembled those of mothers in South Korea. This study provides insights into similarities and differences in cultural models of parenting, and information about the acculturation of parenting cognitions among immigrants from South Korea.
Design and implementation of a nonlinear controller for thermal cycler with application to DNA amplification
Authors: Shirafkan R. , Abdevand M. M. , Ghanbari M. , Shoaei O. , Yazdanpanah M. J.
Published: August 2015

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a process in biology to amplify deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) up to several billions. The amplified DNAs are mostly used to diagnose, detect and identify different kinds of diseases. In this paper, a theoretical modeling of a PCR thermal cycler is developed. The model includes a custom-made aluminum plate to put the micro-tubes in it, an industrial single-stage thermoelectric module, a thermal pad, a heatsink and a fan. Based on the proposed model, a robust sliding mode controller is designed, simulated and implemented. Lyapunov analysis has been utilized to develop the algorithm for the sliding mode controller. Parameter sensitivity analysis has been also performed to verify the robustness of the controller against parameters uncertainties. Steady-state temperature stability of ±0.1°C bound has been satisfied with the temperature rate of up to 3.5°C/s. To validate the entire implemented system, a successful DNA amplification has been performed. The results of the performed laboratory electrophoresis tests on the amplified DNAs affirm the correct amplification of DNAs.
Octreotide as an Adjunct to Home Parenteral Nutrition in the Management of Permanent End‐Jejunostomy Syndrome
Authors: Stephen J.D. , O' Keefe , Peterson Maren E. , Fleming C. Richard
Published: August 2015

Intravenous fluid requirements for patients with permanent end‐jejunostomy syndrome often exceeds 3 L/d, making rehabilitation difficult. The effect of the somatostatin analogue, octreotide (100 μg TID, subcutaneously) in reducing requirements was measured in 10 patients established on home parenteral nutrition. After 10 days of treatment, 72‐hour balance measurements demonstrated significant reductions in stomal fluid and electrolyte losses from (mean ± SE) 8.1 ± 1.8 to 4.8 ± 0.7 L/d (p <.03), sodium from 510 ± 71 to 340 ± 41 mEq/d (p <.03), chloride from 533 ± 70 to 315 ± 32 mEq/d (p <.002), and potassium from 101 ± 41 to 79 ± 34 mEq/d (p <.02), permitting an average reduction in intravenous fluid requirements of 1.3 L/d (p <.0003), 118 mEq Na+/d (p <.03), 41 mEq K+/d (p <.02), and 178 mEq Cl−/d (p <.01). This meant that daytime intravenous infusions could be stopped in all patients. Fecal nitrogen losses were decreased (P <.05), but overall there was no significant change in fat and caloric absorption. In addition, hormonal stimulated gastric acid and pancreatic lipase secretions were significantly reduced (p <.05). The effect was most marked in those patients with massive stomal losses and uncontrollable thirst. Continuation of treatment for more than 1 year in 8 of the patients suggested preservation of potency and good tolerance, with the possible exception of accelerated gallstone formation and subacute intestinal obstruction. In conclusion, octreotide has the potential to improve the quality of life of those end‐jejunostomy syndrome patients with massive stomal losses, resistant to conventional medical treatment. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 18:26–36, 1994)
Repairing Trust in an Organization after Integrity Violations: The Ambivalence of Organizational Rule Adjustments
Authors: Eberl Peter , Geiger Daniel , Aßländer Michael S.
Published: August 2015

This paper investigates how an organization attempts to repair trust after organizational-level integrity violations by examining the influence of organizational rules on trust repair. We reconstruct the prominent corruption case of Siemens AG, which has faced the greatest bribery scandal in the history of German business. Our findings suggest that tightening organizational rules is an appropriate signal of trustworthiness for external stakeholders to demonstrate that the organization seriously intends to prevent integrity violations in the future. However, such rule adjustments were the source of dissatisfaction among employees since the new rules were difficult to implement in practice. We argue that these different impacts of organizational rules result from their inherent paradoxical nature. To address this problem, we suggest managing an effective interplay between formal and informal rules.
The asymmetric influence of structural funds on regional growth in Greece
Authors: Sotiriou Alexandra , Tsiapa Maria
Published: August 2015

In this paper we aim to explore the conditioning effect of structural funds (SF) on regional growth in Greece for the period 1994–2006 by detecting if the ability of regions to convert any financial aid into welfare gains is related to certain region-specific characteristics. The analysis shows that, albeit that important financial aid has been channelled to the less-developed regions, the most advanced regions seem to have benefited more from it. Furthermore, we divide the SF into expenditure categories and conclude that the SF have a positive impact on growth only for those regions in which the regions’ endowments are related to the expenditure received. This interaction of the expenditure categories with the characteristics of the recipient region accentuates the role of the ‘identity’ of each region to the impact of SF on regional growth, thereby signifying valuable policy implications.