bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ties That Bind
Authors: Deardorff Max
Published: May 2017

This article examines the question of intermarriage between Moriscos and Old Christians in early modern Spain, largely through the analysis of more than two dozen applications made by members of mixed couples who sought to return to their homes in Granada after the conclusion of the devastating War of the Alpujarras (1568–1570). It argues that royal judges tasked with deciding the fate of the applications had already begun to develop the criteria that would govern the regulations on general expulsion (1609–1614) decades later and that these criteria were linked to specific considerations arising from the medieval legal history of Iberia.
Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Exhibit Preferential Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation and Enhanced Matrix Production Compared With Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Topoluk Natasha , Hawkins Richard , Tokish John , Mercuri Jeremy
Published: May 2017

Background:

Therapeutic efficacy of various mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) types for orthopaedic applications is currently being investigated. While the concept of MSC therapy is well grounded in the basic science of healing and regeneration, little is known about individual MSC populations in terms of their propensity to promote the repair and/or regeneration of specific musculoskeletal tissues. Two promising MSC sources, adipose and amnion, have each demonstrated differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in the setting of musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. However, no study to date has directly compared the differentiation potential of these 2 MSC populations.

Purpose:

To compare the ability of human adipose- and amnion-derived MSCs to undergo osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

MSC populations from the human term amnion were quantified and characterized via cell counting, histologic assessment, and flow cytometry. Differentiation of these cells in comparison to commercially purchased human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hADSCs) in the presence and absence of differentiation media was evaluated via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bone and cartilage gene transcript markers and histology/immunohistochemistry to examine ECM production. Analysis of variance and paired t tests were performed to compare results across all cell groups investigated.

Results:

The authors confirmed that the human term amnion contains 2 primary cell types demonstrating MSC characteristics—(1) human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) and (2) human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs)—and each exhibited more than 90% staining for MSC surface markers (CD90, CD105, CD73). Average viable hAEC and hAMSC yields at harvest were 2.3 × 106 ± 3.7 × 105 and 1.6 × 106 ± 4.7 × 105 per milliliter of amnion, respectively. As well, hAECs and hAMSCs demonstrated significantly greater osteocalcin ( P = .025), aggrecan ( P < .0001), and collagen type 2 ( P = .044) gene expression compared with hADSCs, respectively, after culture in differentiation medium. Moreover, both hAECs and hAMSCs produced significantly greater quantities of mineralized ( P < .0001) and cartilaginous ( P = .0004) matrix at earlier time points compared with hADSCs when cultured under identical osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation conditions, respectively.

Conclusion:

Amnion-derived MSCs demonstrate a greater differentiation potential toward bone and cartilage compared with hADSCs.

Clinical Relevance:

Amniotic MSCs may be the source of choice in the regenerative treatment of bone or osteochondral musculoskeletal disease. They show significantly higher yields and better differentiation toward these tissues than MSCs derived from adipose.
The Effect of Intraoperative Graft Coverage With Preserved Remnant Tissue on the Results of the Pivot-Shift Test After Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Quantitative Evaluations With an Electromagnetic Sensor System
Authors: Kitamura Nobuto , Yasuda Kazunori , Yokota Masashi , Goto Keiko , Wada Susumu , Onodera Jun , Kondo Eiji
Published: May 2017

Background:

Remnant tissue preservation may be important in improving graft healing after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but it has yet to be established whether remnant tissue preservation improves the control of pivot-shift laxity.

Hypothesis:

The amount of ACL graft coverage with preserved remnant tissue improves the control of pivot-shift laxity, as qualitatively determined with an electromagnetic device.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The 3-dimensional kinematics were evaluated intraoperatively using an electromagnetic sensor system in 38 patients at the time of anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction with remnant tissue preservation and again at a minimum of 12 months postoperatively. The magnitude of the peak coupled anterior tibial translation (pCAT) and the maximal acceleration of posterior translation (APT) during the pivot-shift test were evaluated. The degree of graft coverage by remnant tissue was determined arthroscopically at the end of surgery, which was evaluated quantitatively using a scoring system (0-9 points). The relationship between the values during the pivot-shift test and preoperative and intraoperative factors were assessed.

Results:

The mean (±SD) side-to-side difference of the pCAT (ΔpCAT) was significantly ( P < .0001) improved from 14.0 ± 5.0 mm to 2.6 ± 1.1 mm. Also, the mean side-to-side difference of the APT (ΔAPT) was significantly ( P < .0001) improved from 525.6 ± 99.7 mm/s2to 32.9 ± 23.6 mm/s2. The mean initial graft coverage score was 5.3 ± 2.6. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the degree of initial graft coverage was significantly correlated with the ΔpCAT ( r = −0.517, P = .0007) and ΔAPT ( r = −0.532, P = .0005). The status of the reconstructed graft at second-look arthroscopic surgery showed no significant correlations with the degree of initial graft coverage or the results of the pivot-shift test.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrated that the preservation of ACL remnant tissue in anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction appears to improve the control of pivot-shift laxity at a minimum of 12 months postoperatively, as measured by an electromagnetic device. This improvement was significantly affected by the degree of intraoperative graft coverage with preserved remnant tissue.
Between Imagination and Rigour: A Response to Farhad Dalal’s Article ‘The Analytic and the Relational: Inquiring into Practice’
Authors: Tubert-Oklander Juan
Published: May 2017

The relational perspective of analysis is a way of looking at, practising, and understanding the whole of analysis—including psycho-analysis, group-analysis, and socio-analysis—rather than a specific school of psychoanalysis. Farhad Dalal’s excellent article describes the evolution of his thinking and practice, from a classical analytic stance to a relational conception of it. There are two ways of conceiving and practising psychoanalysis, which he calls ‘the analytic’ and ‘the relational’, derived from two contrasting conceptions of the world and of life. This generates a split between theory and practice in analysis. Some practitioners adhere to the classical view, but are actually relational in their practice; others have adopted relational theory, but maintain the detached scientific attitude of the classical Freudian analyst. Freud’s abandonment of the traumatic theory of neuroses had unconscious sources that determined the injunction for analysts not to be relational. Group analysis, on the other hand, has been relational from the beginning. S.H. Foulkes had a contradiction between his adherence to Freudian theory and the revolutionary aspects of his thinking and practice—what Dalal calls ‘radical Foulkes’. The hierarchical, detached, and emotionally closed off form of relating prescribed by classical analysis is anti-therapeutic. By contrast, the kind of therapeutic relation that Dalal strives to develop has connotations with engagement, reciprocity and mutuality, and may generate corrective emotional experiences. But human events are never fully explained or predictable, so that the corrective emotional experience is an occurrence, not a technique. The analyst works in a radical uncertainty and can only be guided by his intuition, which has then to be checked by rational critical analysis. This generates a dialectic tension between imagination and rigour, which must be kept and nursed, not solved. This corresponds to an analogical hermeneutic stance, which rejects both the dogmatic univocality of Modernism and the relativistic equivocality of Postmodernism. The analyst must respond with his whole being, and this being must be developed through a process of personality development, not training but formation (Bildung in German). This implies a particular epistemology, ontology, axiology, and ethics, a whole Weltanschauung and Lebensanschauung that includes the Golden Braid of thinking, feeling, and acting, on a basis of relating.
The Paradoxes of Self-Branding
Authors: Pagis Michal , Ailon Galit
Published: May 2017

Research has demonstrated the growing preoccupation with self-branding among professionals struggling with the precarious labor market. Much of this work has considered self-branding a commodification process turned inward, blurring the distinction between self and market. Yet, little attention has been paid to self-branding implementation. Conceptualizing self-branding as a rhetorical genre, the authors analyze the webpages of 100 self-declared consultants and identify three emphases: the construction of uniqueness, friendliness, and realness. The authors illustrate that in each of these emphases, creative and sophisticated rhetorical devices are utilized to place the “self” at center stage while distancing all market-based connotations. As such, the authors argue, the implementation of self-branding builds on and reaffirms a distinction between “self”—presented as unique, intimate, and real, and “market”—presented as competitive, instrumental, and unauthentic. The authors propose that the revealed attempt to distance the market from displays that are promotional and market-oriented is inherently paradoxical, marking a trajectory of change for professional identities. Such effort shifts the competitive axis from a focus on services to a focus on reliability and authenticity of display, indicating the centrality of a new type of rhetorical labor, skills, and cultural capital in the contemporary market era.
Removal of organic matter from stabilized landfill leachate using Coagulation-Flocculation-Fenton coupled with activated charcoal adsorption
Authors: Ishak Ahmad Razali , Hamid Fauziah Shahul , Mohamad Sharifah , Tay Kheng Soo
Published: May 2017

The treatment of stabilized landfill leachate (SLL) by conventional biological treatment is often inefficient due to the presence of bio-recalcitrant substances. In this study, the feasibility of coagulation-flocculation coupled with the Fenton reaction in the treatment of SLL was evaluated. The efficiency of the selected treatment methods was evaluated through total organic carbon (TOC) removal from SLL. With ferric chloride as the coagulant, coagulation-flocculation was found to achieve the highest TOC removal of 71% at pH 6. Then, the pretreated SLL was subjected to the Fenton reaction. Nearly 50% of TOC removal was achieved when the reaction was carried out at pH 3, H2O2:Fe2+ ratio of 20:1, H2O2 dosage of 240 mM and 1 h of reaction time. By coupling the coagulation-flocculation with the Fenton reaction, the removal of TOC, COD (chemical oxygen demand) and turbidity of SLL were 85%, 84% and 100%, respectively. The ecotoxicity study performed using zebrafish revealed that 96 h LC50 for raw SLL was 1.40% (v/v). After coagulation-flocculation, the LC50 of the pretreated SLL was increased to 25.44%. However, after the Fenton reaction, the LC50 of the treated SLL was found to decrease to 10.96% due to the presence of H2O2 residue. In this study, H2O2 residue was removed using powdered activated charcoal. This method increased the LC50 of treated effluent to 34.48% and the removal of TOC and COD was further increased to 90%. This finding demonstrated that the combination of the selected treatment methods can be an efficient treatment method for SLL.
Possible Oxcarbazepine Inductive Effects on Aripiprazole Metabolism: A Case Report
Authors: McGrane Ian R. , Loveland Joshua G. , de Leon Jose
Published: May 2017

Oxcarbazepine is a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inducer, which is structurally similar to carbamazepine. Although lacking Food and Drug Administration approval, oxcarbazepine is sometimes prescribed to treat aggressive behavior in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These youths may also be taking second-generation antipsychotics, some of which are substrates of the CYP3A4 metabolic pathway. The combination of these medications may result in decreased serum antipsychotic concentrations, potentially reducing effectiveness. A limited number of reports are available which discuss reduced atypical antipsychotic concentrations secondary to oxcarbazepine CYP3A4 induction. We report a young boy taking oxcarbazepine (1200 mg/d) who presented with an unexpectedly low serum aripiprazole concentration. Utilizing therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacogenetic testing, and a tool to evaluate drug-drug interactions, we estimate that oxcarbazepine possibly reduced his serum aripiprazole concentration by 68%. Our report is important, as it is the first to describe a drug–drug interaction between oxcarbazepine and aripiprazole. This report should encourage the completion of in vitro and clinical studies and the publication of case reports describing the possible inductive effects of oxcarbazepine on atypical antipsychotics (including cariprazine, lurasidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, iloperidone, and risperidone) mediated by induction of the CYP3A4 metabolic pathway.
Gendered power transformations in India’s Northeast: Peace politics in Nagaland
Authors: Manchanda Rita , Kakran Seema
Published: May 2017

As the middle space for ‘post ceasefire-cold peace’ politics expanded in Nagaland in India’s Northeast, the Naga women’s question has emerged as symbolic of the intense social churning in traditional hierarchies around three sites of inequality: decision-making in the public sphere, patriarchal customary laws and property rights. The article tracks the shift in Naga women’s peace politics, from motherhood politics to asserting more equal modes of citizenship, and explores the emancipatory potential of Naga women’s emergence in the public sphere as key stakeholders in the peace process within a context of growing tensions in the relationship between gender and ethnicity.
Haunting and the neoliberal encounter inTerra IncognitaandA Perfect Day
Authors: Tarraf Zeina
Published: May 2017

This article analyses two post–civil war Lebanese films, Ghassan Salhab’s Terra Incognita and Khalil Joreige and Joana Hadjithomas’ A Perfect Day, to examine how the conditions and valences of a particular sociocultural moment register affectively and mobilize the investments that inform memory making in the Lebanese context. In particular, I study these works as embodiments of an emerging structure of feeling specific to post–civil war Beirut, in which the haunting remnants of an unresolved violent past intersect with the neoliberal imperatives to propel Lebanon into a global market. In this sense, I build upon an exclusive concern with ‘pastness’, which often dominates discussions about post-conflict and post-colonial societies, in order to consider how an unfinished traumatic past intersects with more contemporary oppressions and the affective dimension of these intersections. Through a series of visual motifs and audio techniques, Terra Incognita and A Perfect Day track the ways that forces from the past encounter a wholesale embrace of neoliberalism and commercialism to create a kind of affective impasse that plays out either in depressed apathy or in excessive indulgence.
Keeping candles lit: The role of concierge medicine in the future of primary care
Authors: Palumbo Rocco
Published: May 2017

Universal coverage and financial sustainability are two competing aims in primary care. Patient empowerment and patient engagement have been suggested as essential ingredients of the recipe for innovative primary care models aimed at sustaining universal coverage. Concierge medicine is achieving a growing popularity among both scholars and practitioners as a direct primary care practice which allows to bridge the gap between patient empowerment and patient engagement. However, ethical and legal concerns hinder the diffusion of concierge models in the current primary care practices. This manuscript is aimed at providing an evidence synthesis of extant contributions in the field of concierge medicine in order to discuss its attributes and to examine its expected effects on universal coverage and sustainability. For this purpose, a systematic literature review involving 29 manuscripts was performed. The findings of this study pointed out that concierge models could play a significant role in enhancing the access to primary care and in improving the sustainability of the healthcare service system. However, the existing institutional arrangements which regulate the access to primary care should be revised to allow more spaces for the implementation of concierge practices.
That All May Enjoy Abundant Life: A Theological Vision of Flourishing from the Margins
Authors: Santos Patricia H.
Published: May 2017

At the onset of the twenty-first century, American Christian feminist theologian, Sally McFague, in her book Life Abundant, challenged North Americans to move from a consumer mentality to a planetary theology that glorifies God in and through all of creation. The privileged are urged to shift from affluence and over indulgence to restraint, in order that all people may benefit. McFague points out that there is no single solution to the crisis facing humanity and the cosmos. This article, reflecting on the stories, hopes and struggles of marginalized women in India, offers one response to envision abundant life for all. It presents a theological view of flourishing from the vantage point of the excluded and oppressed. How do marginal voices challenge people at the centre and how can those at the margins be enabled to experience abundant life in relation to God, others and the entire ecosystem?
Finding Words of Abundant Life: Insights from Psycholinguistics
Authors: Elizabeth Margaret
Published: May 2017

The Christian faith holds out the promise of abundant life and yet many writers have exposed the ambiguities experienced from the words used when that faith is expressed or discussed or described. While there are many aspects to this exploration, this article investigates a set of words that are used to and for the divine because the one spoken of as the author of this abundant life is described in terms that limit the possibilities for too many people. This article will draw on insights gained through the use of the discipline of psycholinguistics (the study of the processing of language) and extrapolate from these insights to offer a methodology for developing a language that expresses abundant life.
Imagination, Art, and Feminist Theology
Authors: Ursic Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

This article explores the importance of imagination and art when developing and working with theology, particularly feminist theology. It begins with a short review of selected periods in Christian history that either supported or warned against the use of imagination and art in classical theological development. Feminist theology has had a different history because since its inception, imagination has been central to the formation and exploration of the field. Imagination and art have continued to develop and promote feminist theological worship, and backlash against feminist theology has also focused on these artistic expressions. I propose the term theological imaginizing for the intentional engagement and exploration of imagination and art with theology, and I share insights based on my field research for integrating feminist theology with art in Christian worship today.
Women, Tradition and Icons: The Gendered Use of the Torah Scrolls and the Bible in Orthodox Jewish and Christian Rituals
Authors: Belea Miruna Stefana
Published: May 2017

This article discusses the relationship between Christian and Jewish Orthodox women with their sacred books (the Christian Bible and the Torah respectively) from a feminist point of view. While recent socio-economic changes have enabled women from an orthodox religious background to become financially independent and ultimately prosperous, from a religious perspective women’s status has not undergone major transformations. Using the cognitive principle of conceptual blending, I will focus on common aspects in Orthodox Judaism and Christianity related to sacred texts as objects, in order to shed light on the religious understanding of prosperity in the twenty-first century, beyond that of empowerment as financial gain or social status.

The importance ascribed to authoritative texts both as images of divinity and sacred objects of veneration is a common trait of Orthodox Judaism and Christianity. The gendered perception of the sacred is most prominent in two similar processions. Simchat Torah, a Jewish holiday which celebrates the yearly reading cycle of the Torah, is actively celebrated only by men, who are the ones to carry the Torah scrolls. Similarly, the orthodox Good Friday procession involves a cross and the church’s copy of the Scripture together with the Holy Epitaph being carried only by men. The ban on women to carry sacred objects, at least at appointed times, as well as women’s responses in the two communities will be analysed comparatively to establish whether women commonly perceived as prosperous can make steps in order to re-evaluate the theological implications of this restriction.
Pattern of Industrial Growth in West Bengal during 1980–1991
Authors: Karak Anirban
Published: May 2017

Three trends in industrial development contribute to the industrial history of West Bengal during the 1980–1991 period—the continuation of a secular decline in terms of employment and value added in manufacturing industries vis-à-vis other states, an ancillarization and flexibilization of production into small-scale factories with less than 20 workers, and a differential impact of this ancillarization on basic goods and consumer goods industries, with the former performing much better than the latter. Viewed through the theoretical lens of structural demand and agriculture–industry relations, the relatively slower growth of consumer goods industries poses a puzzle when the spectacular growth of agricultural output during the 1980s is considered. In this article, I suggest that tying together three factors—the impact of the ‘Green Revolution’ on West Bengal’s agriculture, the nature and effect of the Left Front’s land reforms, and the role of rural commercial capital—can in turn hold together three outcomes for the period 1980–1991 in a single explanation—high agricultural growth, mass poverty among the rural poor despite land reforms and agricultural growth, and the poor growth of consumer goods industries despite high agricultural growth.
Exchange Rate and Economic Growth
Authors: Razzaque Mohammad A. , Bidisha Sayema Haque , Khondker Bazlul Haque
Published: May 2017

This article aims to understand the effects of exchange rate movements on economic growth in Bangladesh. Using a suitable analytical framework to derive an empirical specification, we construct a real exchange rate series and employ cointegration techniques to determine the output response to Bangladeshi currency depreciations. Our results suggest that in the long run, a 10 per cent depreciation of the real exchange rate is associated with, on average, a 3.2 per cent rise in aggregate output. However, a contractionary effect is observed in the short run so that the same magnitude of real depreciation would result in about a half per cent decline in GDP. While the long-run expansionary effect of real depreciations may be appealing for considering exchange rate policy as a development strategy, the likelihood of rising inflationary pressures needs to be kept in mind while pursuing this policy option.
Effect of surface conditions of one-side patterned electrodes applied to electrorheological gel
Authors: Koyanagi Ken’ichi , Miyama Keita , Kakinuma Yasuhiro , Anzai Hidenobu , Sakurai Koji , Motoyoshi Tatsuo , Masuta Hiroyuki , Oshima Toru
Published: May 2017

The use of a patterned electrode on one side only is expected to be a suitable solution for omitting the wiring to the movable electrode using electrorheological gel. Electrorheological gel is a functional material that changes the force absorbance and frictional force characteristics of its surface in response to the magnitude of an applied electric field. One problem in both the design and the application of electrorheological gels is the wiring of the electrodes that must sandwich the electrorheological gel. Thus, a one-side patterned electrode can be a desirable solution. We investigated the shear stress produced by electrorheological gel applied to such a patterned electrode during rotational and translational motion. Variation of the material of the opposing part reveals that the mechanical and electric characteristics of the electrode meaningfully affect the experienced shear stress.
Asking More of Qualitative Synthesis: A Response to Sally Thorne
Authors: Britten Nicky , Garside Ruth , Pope Catherine , Frost Julia , Cooper Chris
Published: May 2017

We continue the conversation initiated by Sally Thorne’s observations about “metasynthetic madness.” We note that the variety of labels used to describe qualitative syntheses often reflect authors’ disciplines and geographical locations. The purpose of systematic literature searching is to redress authors’ lack of citation of relevant earlier work and to reassure policy makers that qualitative syntheses are systematic and transparent. There is clearly a need to develop other methods of searching to supplement electronic searches. If searches produce large numbers of articles, sampling strategies may be needed to choose which articles to synthesize. The quality of any synthesis is dependent on the quality of the primary articles; both primary research and qualitative synthesis need to move beyond description and toward theory and explanation. Synthesizers need to pay attention to those articles which do not seem to fit their emerging analysis if they are to avoid stifling new ideas.
Daily stressors, trauma exposure, and mental health among stateless Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh
Authors: Riley Andrew , Varner Andrea , Ventevogel Peter , Taimur Hasan M. M. , Welton-Mitchell Courtney
Published: May 2017

The Rohingya of Myanmar are a severely persecuted minority who form one of the largest groups of stateless people; thousands of them reside in refugee camps in southeastern Bangladesh. There has been little research into the mental health consequences of persecution, war, and other historical trauma endured by the Rohingya; nor has the role of daily environmental stressors associated with continued displacement, statelessness, and life in the refugee camps, been thoroughly researched. This cross-sectional study examined: trauma history, daily environmental stressors, and mental health outcomes for 148 Rohingya adults residing in Kutupalong and Nayapara refugee camps in Bangladesh. Results indicated high levels of mental health concerns: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, somatic complaints, and associated functional impairment. Participants also endorsed local idioms of distress, including somatic complaints and concerns associated with spirit possession. The study also found very high levels of daily environmental stressors associated with life in the camps, including problems with food, lack of freedom of movement, and concerns regarding safety. Regression and associated mediation analyses indicated that, while there was a direct effect of trauma exposure on mental health outcomes (PTSD symptoms), daily environmental stressors partially mediated this relationship. Depression symptoms were associated with daily stressors, but not prior trauma exposure. These findings indicate that daily stressors play a pivotal role in mental health outcomes of populations affected by collective violence and statelessness. It is, therefore, important to consider the role and effects of environmental stressors associated with life in refugee camps on the mental health and psychosocial well-being of stateless populations such as the Rohingya, living in protracted humanitarian environments.
Posttraumatic growth is related to subjective well-being of aid workers exposed to cumulative trauma in Palestine
Authors: Veronese Guido , Pepe Alessandro , Massaiu Irene , De Mol Ann-Sophie , Robbins Ian
Published: May 2017

The present study examined how stress reactions after traumatic events influence subjective well-being (SWB) via the indirect effect of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in two samples of Palestinian professional helpers from the Gaza Strip and West Bank ( n = 201). Using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) as a dependent measure of well-being, and PTGI-10, PANAS-20, WHO-5 BREF, and IES-13 questionnaires as independent variables, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine whether: (a) cumulative trauma was negatively and directly related to subjective well-being; (b) levels of trauma were positively and directly related to posttraumatic growth; and (c) PTG was positively and directly related to subjective well-being. The findings suggest that posttraumatic growth contributes to mitigating and buffering (on the order of approximately 10%) the effect of trauma on subjective well-being. PTG seems to be a resource that can help aid workers deal with the consequences of stressful life events. Clinical implications and directions for supervision and training are discussed.
Rethinking the bottom of the pyramid
Authors: Faria Alex , Hemais Marcus
Published: May 2017

Drawing upon the decolonial theorizing from Latin America, this article examines the odd trajectory of globalization of the bottom-of-pyramid (BoP) approach. Rather than a future-oriented cosmopolitan business design aimed to overcome poverty challenges in the developing world, this article shows that the BoP approach rearticulates, within an era of neoliberal capitalism, the rhetoric of salvation and progress, which was inaugurated by the darker side of modernity over five centuries ago with the discovery/conquest of America. Analysis shows that the BoP approach has evolved through underinvestigated interplay involving the market-oriented and the warfare-oriented facets of US-led neoliberalism and the radicalization of the longue durée of asymmetric dynamics involving decoloniality, hybridisms, and the darker sides of modernity. The authors argue that the globalization of the BoP approach in emerging economies embodies not only the radicalization of global coloniality but also a potential transition toward a pluriversal world in which many worlds, knowledges, and histories could coexist.
How Social Status Shapes Person Perception and Evaluation: A Social Neuroscience Perspective
Authors: Mattan Bradley D. , Kubota Jennifer T. , Cloutier Jasmin
Published: May 2017

Inferring the relative rank (i.e., status) of others is essential to navigating social hierarchies. A survey of the expanding social psychological and neuroscience literatures on status reveals a diversity of focuses (e.g., perceiver vs. agent), operationalizations (e.g., status as dominance vs. wealth), and methodologies (e.g., behavioral, neuroscientific). Accommodating this burgeoning literature on status in person perception, the present review offers a novel social neuroscientific framework that integrates existing work with theoretical clarity. This framework distinguishes between five key concepts: (1) strategic pathways to status acquisition for agents, (2) status antecedents (i.e., perceptual and knowledge-based cues that confer status rank), (3) status dimensions (i.e., domains in which an individual may be ranked, such as wealth), (4) status level (i.e., one’s rank along a given dimension), and (5) the relative importance of a given status dimension, dependent on perceiver and context characteristics. Against the backdrop of this framework, we review multiple dimensions of status in the nonhuman and human primate literatures. We then review the behavioral and neuroscientific literatures on the consequences of perceived status for attention and evaluation. Finally, after proposing a social neuroscience framework, we highlight innovative directions for future social status research in social psychology and neuroscience.
The Killing of Kitty Genovese: What Else Does This Case Tell Us?
Authors: Kassin Saul M.
Published: May 2017

Well known in popular culture, the 1964 murder of Kitty Genovese in Queens, New York, became famous because not one of an alleged 38 bystanders called police until it was too late. Within psychology, this singular event inspired the study of bystander intervention. With the spotlight of history focused on Ms. Genovese and bystanders, other events, also profound for what they tell us about human social behavior, have escaped public notice. Based on archival records and current interviews, this article describes the three issues linked to Genovese. First, three false confessions, taken from two individuals, led to their wrongful convictions and imprisonment. One of these individuals was cited by the U.S. Supreme Court in Miranda v. Arizona (1966); the other individual is alive and well and wants to clear his name. Second, the narrative of the unresponsive bystander was initiated by police, not by journalists, in response to probing questions about one of these confessions. Finally, there is the ironic fact, which somehow has slipped through the cracks, that the killer of Genovese was ultimately captured as a result of the intervention of two bystanders.
On the Use of Broadened Admission Criteria in Higher Education
Authors: Niessen A. Susan M. , Meijer Rob R.
Published: May 2017

There is an increasing interest in the use of broadened criteria for admission to higher education, often assessed through noncognitive instruments. We argue that there are several reasons why, despite some significant progress, the use of noncognitive predictors to select students is problematic in high-stakes educational selection and why the incremental validity will often be modest, even when studied in low-stakes contexts. Furthermore, we comment on the use of broadened admission criteria in relation to reducing adverse impact of testing on some groups, and we extend the literature by discussing an approach based on behavioral sampling, which showed promising results in Europe. Finally, we provide some suggestions for future research.
A Mathematical Model Captures the Structure of Subjective Affect
Authors: Mattek Alison M. , Wolford George L. , Whalen Paul J.
Published: May 2017

Although it is possible to observe when another person is having an emotional moment, we also derive information about the affective states of others from what they tell us they are feeling. In an effort to distill the complexity of affective experience, psychologists routinely focus on a simplified subset of subjective rating scales (i.e., dimensions) that capture considerable variability in reported affect: reported valence (i.e., how good or bad?) and reported arousal (e.g., how strong is the emotion you are feeling?). Still, existing theoretical approaches address the basic organization and measurement of these affective dimensions differently. Some approaches organize affect around the dimensions of bipolar valence and arousal (e.g., the circumplex model), whereas alternative approaches organize affect around the dimensions of unipolar positivity and unipolar negativity (e.g., the bivariate evaluative model). In this report, we (a) replicate the data structure observed when collected according to the two approaches described above, and reinterpret these data to suggest that the relationship between each pair of affective dimensions is conditional on valence ambiguity, and (b) formalize this structure with a mathematical model depicting a valence ambiguity dimension that decreases in range as arousal decreases (a triangle). This model captures variability in affective ratings better than alternative approaches, increasing variance explained from ~60% to over 90% without adding parameters.
Competing discursive constructions of China’s smog in Chinese and Anglo-American English-language newspapers: A corpus-assisted discourse study
Authors: Liu Ming , Li Chaoyuan
Published: May 2017

This article presents a corpus-assisted discourse study of the representations of China’s smog in one Chinese (i.e. China Daily) and three Anglo-American (i.e. The New York Times, The Times and The Guardian) English-language newspapers from 2011 to 2014. The findings suggest that they converge in representing China’s smog as a kind of severe air pollution that has some consequences on residents in China and poses a problem that the government must tackle. However, the Chinese English-language newspaper prefers to represent it as a kind of weather phenomenon without serious impact on public health and to construct a positive and responsible image of the Chinese central government. The Anglo-American English-language newspapers are inclined to dramatize it as a disaster with a huge health impact, and construct a negative image of the Chinese government with a view to pressurizing it to take responsibility in the context of climate change.
Development vs peace? The role of media in the Law of Victims and Land Restitution in Colombia
Authors: Montoya Londoño Catalina , Vallejo Mejía Maryluz
Published: May 2017

The Law of Victims and Land Restitution, ratified in June 2011 and enforced since January 2012, constitutes an unprecedented attempt to end armed conflict in Colombia by applying a transitional justice framework and fostering rural development. Drawing on a methodology that integrates framing and rhetorical analysis, this article analyses the role of seven national and local Colombian newspapers in promoting governmental or alternative actors and frames regarding institutional, developmental, and peace and human rights agendas linked to this legislation. In addition, it evaluates the influence of rhetorical framing on media’s role and the resulting quality of media coverage. The results show that the media promoted governmental frames regarding institutional and developmental issues, and alternative frames advocated by other actors in relation to peace and human rights issues. In addition, they confirm the key importance of rhetorical framing in shaping that role. This was detrimental to the quality of media coverage geared towards sustainable peace and human development.
Passions, Affections, or Emotions? On the Ambiguity of 16th-Century Terminology
Authors: Essary Kirk
Published: May 2017

The history of emotions is notably fraught with semantic anxiety, and a great deal of ink has been spilt in attempts to clarify emotion terminology, with respect to both historical and contemporary usage. Because the 16th century is both a momentous time of linguistic change for European languages (including Latin), and often for some reason neglected by historians of emotion trying to tell a longer story about emotion terminology, this article provides an overview of how 16th-century lexicons and prominent humanist authors handle the basic Latin emotion terms affectus and passio. It suggests further that 16th-century usage confounds Thomas Dixon’s assertion that “classical Christian” usage consists of a generally firm distinction between the two terms.
Isolated medial longitudinal fasciculus syndrome: Review of imaging, anatomy, pathophysiology and differential diagnosis
Authors: Kochar Puneet S , Kumar Yogesh , Sharma Pranav , Kumar Vikash , Gupta Nishant , Goyal Pradeep
Published: May 2017

Isolated medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome due to infarction limited only to the midbrain is a rare occurrence. The MLF are a group of fiber tracts located in the paramedian area of the midbrain and pons. They control horizontal eye movements by interconnecting oculomotor and abducens nuclei in the brain stem. Such small infarcts can easily be overlooked by young neuroradiologists and trainees. In this review, we discuss the clinical and imaging characteristics, comprehensive review of the anatomy, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis.
Preoperative prediction of curative surgery of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma by combination of endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography
Authors: Kammerer Sara , Meister Tobias , Wolters Heiner , Lessing Matthias , Hüsing Anna , Domagk Dirk , Floer Martin , Wilms Christian , Schmidt Hartmut , Senninger Norbert , Köhler Gabriele , Heinzow Hauke Sebastian
Published: May 2017

Background

Perihilar cholangiocarcinomas are often considered incurable. Late diagnosis is common. Advanced disease therefore frequently causes questioning of curative surgical outcome.

Aim

This study aimed to develop a prediction model of curative surgery in patients suffering from perihilar cholangiocarcinomas based on preoperative endosonography and computer tomography.

Methods

A cohort of 81 patients (median age 67 (54–75) years, 62% male) with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma was retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of staging variables taken from the European Staging System was performed and applied to ROC analysis.

Results

The correlation of predicted rates of eligibility for surgery with actual rates reached AUC values between 0.652 and 0.758 for endosonography and computer tomography (p  < 0.05 each). Best prediction for curative surgical option was achieved by combining endosonography and computer tomography (AUC: 0.787; 95% CI 0.680–0.893, p  < 0.0001). A predictive model (pSurg) was developed using multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Our predictive web‐based model pSurg with inclusion of T, N, M, B, PV, HA and V stage of the recently published European Staging System for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma results in highly significant predictability for curative surgery when combining preoperative endosonography and computer tomography, thus allowing for better patient selection in terms of possibility of curative surgery.
NGO Organizing for Environmental Sustainability in Brazil: Meaningful Work, Commonality, and Contradiction
Authors: Marchiori Marlene , Buzzanell Patrice M.
Published: May 2017

Through our case study of a Brazilian not-for-profit focused on sustainability initiatives, we expand knowledge about communicative labor in different Brazilian organizational environments, especially in the third (nonprofit/nongovernmental) sector. Based on a case study for which thematic analyses of in-depth interviews with the entire nongovernmental organization (NGO), including its board and staff, were conducted, we found three communicative labor processes that displayed how members entered into, thought about, performed, embodied, and sustained interaction in ways that are considered to be a hallmark of the particular Brazilian third-sector organization that we studied. The three processes of communicative labor—depicting NGO work as meaningful labor, producing commonality and difference, and transcending contradictions—enabled NGO members to withstand difficulties and engage productively in the tensions of doing communicative labor in Brazilian environmental work. Despite the volatile political-economic and diverse cultural environment in Brazil, the NGO’s communication enabled them to adapt to and proactively shape environmental efforts, thus modeling sustainability and resilience.
Why Do Delusion-Prone Individuals “Jump to Conclusions”? An Investigation Using a Nonserial Data-Gathering Paradigm
Authors: van der Leer Leslie , Hartig Bjoern , Goldmanis Maris , McKay Ryan
Published: May 2017

That delusional and delusion-prone individuals gather less evidence before reaching a decision (“jumping to conclusions”) is arguably the most influential finding in the literature on cognitive theories of delusions. However, the cognitive basis of this data-gathering tendency remains unclear. Suggested theories include that delusion-prone individuals gather less data because they (a) misjudge the information value of evidence, (b) find data gathering more taxing than do controls, or (c) make noisier decisions than controls. In the present study we developed a novel, incentivized, nonserial data-gathering task to tease apart these alternatives. Higher delusion-proneness was associated with gathering less information on this task, even when accounting for gender, risk aversion, and intelligence. Our findings suggest that misjudging the information value of evidence contributes substantially to the “jumping to conclusions” bias and that neither higher subjective costs nor noisy decision making can fully account for it.
Patient Satisfaction After Biceps Tenotomy
Authors: Meeks Brett D. , Meeks Natalie M. , Froehle Andrew W. , Wareing Emily , Bonner Kevin F.
Published: May 2017

Background:

Biceps tenotomy and tenodesis are frequently performed for proximal biceps lesions; however, there continues to be debate as to which method is superior. This study examined patient-reported outcomes after biceps tenotomy.

Hypothesis:

Biceps tenotomy in the setting of concomitant shoulder pathology is a reasonable option with high satisfaction rates and a low incidence of pain and cramping in middle-aged to older individuals.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 104 patients (mean age, 63.5 years; range, 40-81 years) were evaluated at the time of surgery and at a mean follow-up of 38.4 months (range, 22-57 months). Biceps tenotomy was performed as a component of more extensive shoulder surgery in all patients. Patient satisfaction, frequency of cramping and spasms, biceps pain, weakness, and cosmetic deformity were evaluated at over 1-year follow-up.

Results:

Ninety-one percent of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with their surgical outcome, and 95% would have their surgery again. Three patients who reported being unsatisfied or very unsatisfied had either advanced glenohumeral arthritis or an irreparable rotator cuff tear. Cosmetic deformity occurred in 13% of patients. Twenty percent reported spasms and cramping in their biceps, and 19% reported some biceps pain; however, frequency of spasms and cramping was typically once weekly, and biceps pain was reported as severe or very severe in only 2 patients. Subjective biceps weakness was reported in 17% of patients. Age had no effect on outcome measures, and female sex was associated with less limitation and greater satisfaction after tenotomy compared with men.

Conclusion:

Our results indicate that patient-reported downsides to biceps tenotomy were usually mild and/or infrequent and did not affect patient satisfaction. We conclude that biceps tenotomy is a viable option that can lead to a high rate of patient satisfaction and outcomes in middle-aged to older individuals undergoing shoulder surgery with biceps pathology.
“I Never Truly Thought About Them Having Friends”
Authors: Leigers Kelly , Kleinert Harold L. , Carter Erik W.
Published: May 2017

Students with severe disabilities often experience limited social participation and few friendships at school. We describe a project to equip school teams to implement peer support arrangements and peer networks focused on friendships, inclusion, and learning. We adopted a phenomenological qualitative approach to learn how participants viewed these interventions within their schools, issues emerging during implementation, and the impact of these interventions. We discuss themes surrounding (a) the impact of the context and structure of the school on implementation, (b) participants’ views on professional development related to these interventions, and (c) impact on students, peers, and the broader school community.