bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A High Cholesterol Diet During Late Pregnancy Impairs Long-Term Maternal Vascular Function in Mice
Authors: Sáez Tamara , Pageé Abbey , Kirschenman Raven , Quon Anita , Spaans Floor , Davidge Sandra T.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Gestational dyslipidemia is associated with pregnancy complications including preeclampsia. However, whether gestational dyslipidemia leads postpartum vascular dysfunction, which could increase the risk for cardiovascular complications later in life, is not known. Here, we aimed to determine whether a gestational dyslipidemia affects postpartum vascular health and induces early signs of atherosclerosis.

Methods:

Pregnant C57BL/6 mice received a high cholesterol diet or control diet from gestational day 13.5 until term. After delivery, all mice received the control diet for ≈3 months postpartum (PP). Age-matched nulliparous females were on the same diets for equal periods. After 3 months, all mice were euthanized, serum was collected, and aortas were isolated to assess vascular function (wire myography) and markers of oxidative stress and early atherosclerosis.

Results:

PP-high cholesterol diet females had increased circulating cholesterol levels compared with PP-control diet mice, without effect of the diet in nulliparous mice. Methacholine-induced vasodilation was impaired, and nitric oxide contribution reduced, by the high cholesterol diet in aortas of PP mice, but not in nulliparous mice. Exposure to oxidized low-density–protein cholesterol further impaired methylcholine-induced vasodilation in PP-high cholesterol diet aortas only. Compared with PP-control diet mice, aortic inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, reactive oxygen species and nitrotyrosine levels were increased in aortas from PP-high cholesterol diet mice. No differences in aortic lipid deposition and macrophage infiltration were found.

Conclusions:

Exposure to a high cholesterol diet in pregnancy impairs vascular function postpartum. Our results support the hypothesis that gestational dyslipidemia impacts maternal vascular function after pregnancy, which could potentially predispose these women to future cardiovascular complications.
Fallopia ×moravica (Polygonaceae), a new hybrid between Fallopia compacta and F. sachalinensis
Authors: HODÁLOVÁ IVA , MÁRTONFIOVÁ LENKA , SKOKANOVÁ KATARÍNA , ŠPANIEL STANISLAV , MEREĎA Jr. PAVOL
Published: November 2022

A new knotweed hybrid originating from the crossing of Fallopia compacta and F. sachalinensis is described based on plant material collected in the Moravia region in the Czech Republic as F. ×moravica. In addition to the Czech Republic, the hybrid has also been reported previously from the United Kingdom and New Zealand; however, it was not distinguished from F. ×bohemica, a hybrid between F. japonica and F. sachalinensis, since its one parent (F. compacta) has been generally treated only as a variety of F. japonica. F. ×moravica differs from the morphologically most similar hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66) F. ×bohemica by its tetraploid (2n = 4x = 44) number of chromosomes and by the constant absence of purple spots on stem internodes (which are usually present in F. ×bohemica). The new hybrid also differs from F. ×bohemica as well as other European Fallopia members by its unique relative genome size. Other potential morphological and cytological differences of F. ×moravica from the related F. ×bohemica are discussed.
A new species of Indigryllus (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae, Xenogryllini) from Kerala, India, with first data on acoustics and natural habitat
Authors: JAISWARA RANJANA , SREEBIN S. , MONAAL  , ROBILLARD TONY
Published: November 2022

In India, the cricket subfamily Eneopterinae is represented by two known genera, Xenogryllus Bolívar, 1890 and Indigryllus Robillard & Jaiswara, 2019. The latter was recently described and is known from a single species I. kudremu Robillard & Jaiswara, 2019 from Karnataka, India. The species was known exclusively from its morphological features and there existed no information on its biology and acoustic features. The present study is a step ahead in understanding the natural history and acoustic signalling in the genus. Based on a collaboration initiated by citizen science observations on the website iNaturalist, we describe a new species, Indigryllus sagani sp. nov. from Kerala, India, with details on its habitat and acoustic signals.
Turbulent Kinetic Energy Budgets over Gentle Topography Covered by Forests
Authors: Chen Bicheng , Chamecki Marcelo
Published: November 2022

Large-eddy simulations of flow over a “horizontally” uniform model forest are used to investigate the effects of gentle topography on the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget within the canopy roughness sublayer. Despite significant differences between simulations using idealized sinusoidal topography and real topography of the Amazon forest, results indicate that the effects of topography are located predominantly in the upper canopy and above, and are mostly caused by mean advection of TKE. The “horizontally” averaged TKE budget from idealized and real gentle topographies are almost identical to that for flat terrain, including a clear inertial layer above the roughness sublayer in which shear production is balanced by local dissipation. At topography crests, where observational towers are usually located, mean vertical advection of TKE can be as important as horizontal advection. We propose the use on an approximate TKE balance equation to estimate mean advection from single tower measurements, and introduce a new advection index that can be used as a proxy to quantify the importance of the topography on the TKE budget.
Controls on Surface Warming by Winter Arctic Moist Intrusions in Idealized Large-Eddy Simulations
Authors: Dimitrelos Antonios , Caballero Rodrigo , Ekman Annica M. L.
Published: November 2022

The main energy input to the polar regions in winter is the advection of warm, moist air from lower latitudes. This makes the polar climate sensitive to the temperature and moisture of extrapolar air. Here, we study this sensitivity from an air-mass transformation perspective. We perform simulations of an idealized maritime air mass brought into contact with sea ice employing a three-dimensional large-eddy simulation model coupled to a one-dimensional multilayer sea ice model. We study the response of cloud dynamics and surface warming during the air-mass transformation process to varying initial temperature and humidity conditions of the air mass. We find in all cases that a mixed-phase cloud is formed, initially near the surface but rising continuously with time. Surface warming of the sea ice is driven by downward longwave surface fluxes, which are largely controlled by the temperature and optical depth of the cloud. Cloud temperature, in turn, is robustly constrained by the initial dewpoint temperature of the air mass. Since dewpoint only depends on moisture, the overall result is that surface warming depends almost exclusively on initial humidity and is largely independent of initial temperature. We discuss possible climate implications of this result—in particular, for polar amplification of surface warming and the role played by atmospheric energy transports.
Accelerated Sea Ice Loss from Late Summer Cyclones in the New Arctic
Authors: Finocchio Peter M. , Doyle James D. , Stern Daniel P.
Published: November 2022

Synoptic-scale cyclones in the Arctic are an important source of short-term sea ice variability during the melt season. This study examines whether recent changes to the Arctic environment have made Arctic cyclones during the summer months more destructive to sea ice on short time scales. We compare the 1–7-day changes in sea ice area and thickness following days in each month with and without cyclones from two decades: 1991–2000 and 2009–18. Only in August do cyclones locally accelerate seasonal sea ice loss on average, and the ability of August cyclones to accelerate ice loss has become more pronounced in the recent decade. The recent increase in ice loss following August cyclones is most evident in the Amerasian Arctic (140°E–120°W), where reanalyses indicate that the average upper-ocean temperature has increased by 0.2°–0.8°C and the average ice thickness has decreased by almost 1 m between the two decades. Such changes promote cyclone-induced ocean mixing and sea ice divergence that locally increase the likelihood for rapid ice loss near cyclones. In contrast, June cyclones in both decades locally slow down seasonal sea ice loss. Moreover, the 7-day sea ice loss in June has increased from the early to the recent decade by 67% more in the absence of cyclones than in the presence of cyclones. The largest increases in June ice loss occur in the Eurasian Arctic (0°–140°E), where substantial reductions in average surface albedo in the recent decade have allowed more of the abundant insolation in the absence of cyclones to be absorbed at the sea surface.

Significance Statement

This study determines whether Arctic storms during summer have become more destructive to sea ice in recent years. In comparing storms from two periods (1991–2000 vs 2009–18), we find that only storms in August have become more destructive to sea ice in the recent period, because of warmer upper-ocean temperatures and thinner ice, which strong winds move around more easily. In June, clear-sky conditions have become more destructive to sea ice in recent years because declining ice cover has allowed more sunlight to be absorbed at the sea surface, favoring further ice melt. These results suggest that sunny conditions in June followed by stormy conditions in August could cause the first ice-free summer in the Arctic.
Classification and Causes of East Asian Marine Heatwaves during Boreal Summer
Authors: Oh Hyoeun , Kim Go-Un , Kim Yong Sun , Park Jae-Heung , Jang Chan Joo , Min Yongchim , Jun Hyunjung , Jeong Jin-Yong
Published: November 2022

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are among the most severe climatic events under global warming conditions; they damage marine ecosystems and result in socioeconomic losses. In East Asia, the sea surface temperature (SST) has increased significantly and is projected to increase further. Considering such increases in SST over East Asia, studies on MHWs are needed to minimize the damage caused. In this study, we classified the spatiotemporal characteristics of East Asian MHWs during boreal summer with a self-organizing map for 39 years (1982–2020) and determined their unexplored possible mechanisms. Four dominant modes of MHWs across East Asia were identified: the 1) Subtropical Gyre, 2) East China Sea, 3) East Sea/Japan Sea, and 4) Yellow Sea modes. The total annual number of MHW days has increased by about 1.23 days yr−1. The significant trend is mainly determined by the Subtropical Gyre mode, whereas other modes do not exhibit significant trends. We found that the East China Sea mode could be attributed to a strong East Asian summer monsoon via ocean stratification by the low-salinity water from the Yangtze (Changjiang) River. The East Sea/Japan Sea and Yellow Sea modes could be linked to remote forcings over the subtropics, leading to persistent anticyclonic circulation over East Asia. The anomalous anticyclone contributed to the MHW occurrences by enhancing downward shortwave radiation and reducing entrainment cooling caused by Ekman downwelling. These findings have important implications for distinguishing the characteristics of East Asian MHWs and reveal the possibility of predicting them by identifying their precursors.

Significance Statement

This study aimed to better understand East Asian marine heatwaves (MHWs) and their causes. We utilized a self-organizing map to classify four patterns of MHWs during boreal summer across East Asia—the Subtropical Gyre, East China Sea, East Sea/Japan Sea, and Yellow Sea modes. We found that enhanced shortwave radiation and latent heat flux play an important role in modulating MHWs in East Asia. A reduced vertical-mixing-amplified ocean warming, and the ocean dynamics drove different temporal evolutions of the MHWs among the four modes. We also identified the potential precursors, which would help in improving the future prediction of MHWs in East Asia.
Evaluating Root-Zone Soil Moisture Products from GLEAM, GLDAS, and ERA5 Based on In Situ Observations and Triple Collocation Method over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Siqi , Zeng Jiangyuan , Fan Wenjie , Cui Yaokui
Published: November 2022

Root-zone soil moisture (RZSM) is an important variable in land–atmosphere interactions, notably affecting the global climate system. Contrary to satellite-based acquisition of surface soil moisture, RZSM is generally obtained from model-based simulations. In this study, in situ observations from the Naqu and Pali networks that represent different climatic conditions over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and a triple collocation (TC) method are used to evaluate model-based RZSM products, including Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) (versions 3.5a and 3.5b), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) (versions 2.1 and 2.2), and the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA5). The evaluation results based on in situ observations indicate that all products tend to overestimate but could generally capture the temporal variation, and ERA5 exhibits the best performance with the highest R (0.875) and the lowest unbiased RMSE (ubRMSE; 0.015 m3 m−3) against in situ observations in the Naqu network. In the TC analysis, similar results are obtained: ERA5 has the best performance with the highest TC-derived R (0.785) over the entire TP, followed by GLEAM v3.5a (0.746) and GLDAS-2.1 (0.682). Meanwhile, GLEAM v3.5a and GLDAS-2.1 outperform GLEAM v3.5b and GLDAS-2.2 over the entire TP, respectively. Besides, possible error causes in evaluating these RZSM products are summarized, and the effectiveness of TC method is also evaluated with two dense networks, finding that TC method is reliable since TC-derived R is close to ground-derived R, with only 6.85% mean relative differences. These results using both in situ observations and TC method may provide a new perspective for the soil moisture product developers to further enhance the accuracy of model-based RZSM over the TP.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to better understand the quality and applicability of GLEAM, GLDAS, and ERA5 RZSM products over the TP using both in situ observations and the triple collocation (TC) method, making it better applied to climate and hydrological research. This study provides four standard statistical metrics evaluation based on in situ observations, as well as the reliable metric, that is, correlation coefficient (R) derived from TC method, and highlights that TC-based evaluation could supplement the ground-based validation, especially over the data-scarce TP region.
Tidal Wave–Elliptic Island Interaction above the Critical Latitude
Authors: Marchenko Aleksey , Kowalik Zygmunt
Published: November 2022

Around Hopen Island, the satellite images and experiments with drifting buoys describe the movement of the drifting ice and depict tidally generated trapped motion. An analytical solution is applied to investigate the trapping phenomenon. A general solution is achieved by the superposition of the incident and reflected (scattered) waves for an elliptically shaped island above the critical latitude. The incident wave simulates the tidal wave propagation toward the island and its prominent feature, an amphidromic point located to the southeast from Hopen Island. The analytical solution for the reflected wave is constructed in elliptic coordinates. Tide amplitudes and cophase lines are analyzed in the island’s vicinity and compared to observations and numerical model results. A simulated drift of Lagrangian water particles constructed with the help of analytical solutions reproduces well the observed clockwise trapped motion of the drifting buoy near Hopen Island. Since the resonance may amplify the semidiurnal incident tide, we have also investigated the natural modes of water oscillations near the island. While this paper focuses on the details of the model used at the specific site of Hopen Island, a similar trapping analysis can be applied to circular or elliptic islands that have a small scale relative to the barotropic Rossby deformation radius.

Significance Statement

This study aims to understand how the semidiurnal tide propagates and generates strong currents near Hopen Island in the Barents Sea. The trapping of the semidiurnal (M2) tide around Hopen Island leads to an organized dipole structure in sea level, which rotates clockwise. The dipole generates maximum amplitudes of water surface elevation and the strong current near the south and north tips of the island. The abrupt sea level change induced by the dipole sets up often violent currents, which, together with drifting ice, can be dangerous for navigation. The strong tidal currents generate permanent clockwise circulation around the islands, which is essential for biological life and waste disposal as material disposed of near the islands will be trapped for an extended time. Our investigation elucidates the role of dipoles in the local enhancement of tides around the islands.
Uncertainties in Altimetry Observations of Eddy Changes Induced by Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Lu Zhumin , Wang Guihua , Shang Xiaodong , Xie Xiaohui
Published: November 2022

The effects of tropical cyclones (TCs) on preexisting eddies are generally quantified by comparing post-TC and pre-TC altimetry-based eddy amplitudes and radii. The dynamical and technical uncertainties in this quantification have been revealed by the altimetry-based and simulated eddy characteristics of five cyclonic ocean eddies (COEs) and two anticyclonic ocean eddies (AOEs). Although demonstrated by eddy cases, both the uncertainties should be universal in principle. The dynamical uncertainty primarily arises from the highly variable eddy characteristics associated with the post-TC quasigeostrophic evolutions driven by the inevitable pattern discrepancy between TC-injection and preexisting eddy’s potential vorticity (PV). The technical uncertainty is due to the artificial smoothness in the altimetry-based eddy characteristics produced by the mismatch between sparse data interpolation and sudden injection of TC-induced effects. Beyond the uncertainties, the amplitudes and radii of both the COEs and AOEs were damped directly by a rectilinear-track TC. After the TC passage, the COEs may strengthen again or remain in the damped state, depending on whether the COEs can absorb the TC-injected PV. By contrast, the AOEs remained in the damped state because the TC-injected positive PV cannot excite them to enhance and enlarge. More importantly, the above damped state of the perturbed COEs and AOEs may be the result of the developing geostrophic turbulence, not meaning the decay of the TC-induced effects. This fact, together with the dynamical and technical uncertainties, implies that the previously used quantification may significantly underestimate the TC-induced effects.

Significance Statement

Typhoons/hurricanes inject their effects on ocean eddies and further modulate the ocean circulation and climate by the accumulated effects. These effects are generally quantified by altimetry observations. Two uncertainties in this quantification are illustrated by using several eddy cases. The first uncertainty is caused by the eddy evolution, while the second is by the artificial smoothness in the altimetry-based eddy characteristics. These findings suggest that the effects of typhoons/hurricanes may be underestimated due to the two uncertainties and underscore that a new method based on physical understanding is necessary to quantify these effects.
Nudging App Adoption: Choice Architecture Facilitates Consumer Uptake of Mobile Apps
Authors: Reeck Crystal , Posner Nathaniel A. , Mrkva Kellen , Johnson Eric J.
Published: November 2022

How can firms encourage consumers to adopt smartphone apps? The authors show that several inexpensive choice architecture techniques can make users more likely to enable important app features and complete app onboarding. In six preregistered experiments (n = 5,968) and a field experiment (n = 594,997), choice architecture interventions manipulating choice sequence, color, and wording of app adoption decisions dramatically increased app adoption. Across experiments, integrating multiple feature decisions into a single choice increased adoption. This integration effect emerges because it decreases decision noise and reduces the prominence of individual features, consistent with support theory. Changing colors to match habitual patterns commonly found in current digital interfaces appears to increase adoption by accelerating consumers’ decisions. Finally, wording options as if enabling the app is the default response (even without changing the actual default) also increases adoption. These “defaultless defaults” may be particularly relevant in heavily regulated consumer domains, such as finance or health care. The effects generalized across different types of apps and were robust across subsamples varying in demographics, attitudes toward the apps, and political affiliation. These results suggest simple tools that marketing managers and app developers can use to increase app adoption.
Attention Trajectories Capture Utility Accumulation and Predict Brand Choice
Authors: Martinovici Ana , Pieters Rik , Erdem Tülin
Published: November 2022

Trajectories of attention capture the accumulation of brand utility during complex decision-making tasks. Thus, attention trajectories, as reflected in eye movements, predict the final brand choice of 85% of consumers before they implement it. Even when observing eye movements in only the first quarter of the decision process, attention already predicts brand choice much better (45%) than chance levels (20%). This superior prediction performance is due to a “double attention lift” for the chosen brand: The chosen brand receives progressively more attention toward the moment of choice, and more of this attention is devoted to integrating information about the brand rather than to comparing it with other options. In contrast, the currently owned brand grabs attention early in the task, and its attention gain persists for brand-loyal consumers and shifts for brand-switching consumers. A new attention and choice model used in tandem with the Bayesian K-fold cross-validation methodology on eye-tracking data from 325 representative consumers uncovered these attention trajectory effects. The findings contribute to closing important knowledge gaps in the attention and choice literature and have implications for marketing research and managerial practice.
The Inhibition of Return of Sanda Athletes in Three Dimensional Static and Dynamic Scenes
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Zhang Yu , Qin Yue , Hou Xianyun , Zhao Qichao , Li Jie
Published: November 2022

Sanda is a combat sport in which athletes adopt offensive and defensive techniques for barehanded confrontations. Inhibition of return (IOR) describes a phenomenon in which an individual’s response time to a target appearing at a previously cued location is slower than to a target appearing at an un-cued location. Because Sanda requires attention skills and fast response times in dynamic situations, a good understanding of IOR among Sanda athletes is important for enhancing their performance. We recruited 180 research participants for a 3-part study — 90 Sanda athletes (age M = 21.56, SD = 2.68; 52 males, 38 females) and 90 college student controls (age M = 21.64, SD = 2.40; 45 males, 45 females). We used the IOR paradigm with virtual reality technology to explore Sanda athletes’ IOR in three experimental conditions: three-dimensional (3-D) static, dynamic, and mixed. There was a robust IOR effect in the 3-D static scenario, with the IOR effect larger among Sanda athletes than controls. There were different IOR spread patterns between Sanda athletes and controls, and the IOR effect was weaker or absent when the objects moved. There was a speed advantage for Sanda athletes once a static object started moving. In conclusion, the Sanda athletes’ faster response times and more fine-graded IOR in 3-D environments may benefit their visual search in combat, and the reference of the static location may be critical for the IOR effect.
Better Late Than Never: Effects of Late ACA Medicaid Expansions for Parents on Family Health-Related Financial Well-Being
Authors: Lombardi Caitlin McPherran , Bullinger Lindsey Rose , Gopalan Maithreyi
Published: November 2022

Public health insurance eligibility for low-income adults has improved adult economic well-being. But whether parental public health insurance eligibility has spillover effects on children’s health insurance coverage and family health-related financial well-being is less understood. We use the 2016 to 2020 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) to estimate the effects of Medicaid expansions through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) for parents on child health insurance coverage, parents’ employment decisions due to child health, and family health-related financial well-being. We compare children in low-income families in states that expanded Medicaid for parents after 2015 to states that never expanded in a difference-in-differences framework. We find that these expansions were associated with increases in children’s public health insurance coverage by 5.5 percentage points and reductions in private coverage by 5 percentage points. We additionally find that parents were less likely to avoid changing jobs for health insurance reasons and children’s medical expenses were less likely to exceed $1000. We find no evidence that the expansions affected children’s dual coverage and uninsurance. Our estimates are robust to falsification and sensitivity analyzes. Our findings also suggest that benefits on children’s medical expenses are concentrated in the families with the greatest financial need.
A new state of charge estimation technique of lithium-ion battery using adaptive extended Kalman filter and artificial neural network
Authors: Kazmi Syed Najeeb Ali , Ulasyar Abasin , Khattak Abraiz , Zad Haris Sheh
Published: November 2022

Due to rapid rise in climate change, world is seeing a major technology shift from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). Battery’s state of charge (SOC) is a critical parameter in EVs whose accuracy affects not only the battery management system but can also influence the driving range estimation for an EV. In this paper, a simulation-based hybrid technique is presented, that combines both adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) and artificial neural network (ANN) for SOC estimation of lithium-ion battery. The proposed hybrid technique is validated using five different EV driving cycles, that is, LA92, US06, urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS), highway fuel economy test (HWFET) and a mixed driving cycle at four different temperature values, that is, 0°C, 10°C, 25°C and 40°C. To facilitate the potential EV users, a real-time SOC estimator is also implemented. The real-time SOC estimated through open circuit voltage method and Coulomb counting method is further used for reservation of a charging slot in a nearby charging station. Moreover, to monitor the charging status of a potential EV from a remote location, a cloud-based Internet of things (IoT) platform, that is, ThingSpeak, is used. This results into the reduction of waiting time for an EV user at a charging station. In addition to this, a comparative analysis is carried out between proposed hybrid method and existing methods. It is demonstrated that our hybrid technique achieves lower root mean square error and higher accuracy as compared to existing methods at different operating conditions.
Upper and Lower Respiratory Mucous Membrane Plasmacytosis with a Cobblestone Appearance: a Case Report
Authors: Nakamura Masahiro , Anzai Takashi , Arakawa Atsushi , Takata Yusuke , Sonoda Kenji , Ishimizu Erina , Matsumoto Fumihiko
Published: November 2022

A 53-year-old woman with a recurrent sore throat, xerostomia, nasal obstruction, and nasal discharge came to our hospital. At the first visit, she did not have a fever, but a blood test showed an intense inflammatory response. She had oral mucosal erosion. She developed dyspnea 2 months later. Nasendoscopy, laryngoscopy, and bronchoscopy showed upper and lower respiratory mucosa cobblestone appearance. Microscopy of the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa biopsy found regular mononuclear inflammatory cell dense submucosal infiltrate, mainly plasma cells. A mucous membrane plasmacytosis diagnosis was made. Prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day rapidly improved bronchial symptoms and cobblestone appearance.
Is food compass score useful for menu planning in the hospital setting?
Authors: Detopoulou Paraskevi , Panoutsopoulos George I , Kalonarchi Garifallia , Papamikos Vassilios
Published: November 2022

Background: The novel food compass score (FCS) may ease food choices and policy actions. Aim: To assess the correlations of FCS with key nutrients in hospital meals. Methods: A 14-day hospital menu was recorded and analyzed with the USDA database and published FCS values. Results: The menu FCS was 40.6 ± 3.7 (mean ± standard deviation). Fish, vegetable, chicken, and egg-based meals had the highest FCS, while pork/beef meals had the lowest FCS. The FCS was positively related to vitamins (vitamin C, thiamine, B6, folate, pantothenic acid, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A, carotenoids), choline and minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, copper, and manganese) and negatively associated with zinc, niacin, and animal protein. Moreover, the FCS was positively related to portions of cheese, fish, vegetables, and eggs and negatively to portions of poultry, refined grains, and margarine. Conclusion: The FCS may help in designing healthier nutrient-dense hospital menus.
Knowledge and perception of clinical physiotherapy students about physiotherapy management of stroke survivors with visual impairment
Authors: Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper , Okeke Daniel Okechukwu , Onwuakagba Ifeoma Uchenna , Okoye Emmanuel Chiebuka , Igwe Emeka Sylvester , Maduagwu Stanley Monday , Ani Kenneth Umezulike , Ekechukwu Echezona Nelson Dominic , Amaechi Ifeoma Adaigwe , Nwosu Ifeoma Blessing
Published: November 2022

It is evident from clinical practice that visual disorders are prevalent in stroke medicine and are involved in all stages. The visual disorder may form all or part of the initial presentation, and subsequently, visual problems may be a rehabilitation issue or affect the quality of life and activities of daily living (ADLs) after stroke. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and perception of the clinical students of the Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, about stroke survivors with visual impairment (SSVI) and the physiotherapy management of stroke survivors who are visually impaired. This study was a cross-sectional survey involving 136 respondents who were selected from the 270 clinical students of the Department of Medical Rehabilitation at Nnamdi Azikiwe University. A 25-item questionnaire was administered to assess their level of knowledge and perception of SSVI as well as the physiotherapy management methods involved. Descriptive statistics of tables, mean, and standard deviation were used to summarize participants’ responses. The Spearman rank-order correlation was used to test for correlations. Mann–Whitney U test was used to assess sex differences. Alpha was set at .05. There was a high level of knowledge and high perception (94.1% and 91.9%) of physiotherapy management of SSVI among the clinical physiotherapy students. The level of the study did not significantly influence the knowledge ( p = .386) and perception ( p = .686) of the visually impaired stroke survivor. There was a significant ( p = .008) relationship between age and knowledge of stroke survivors. No significant gender difference was observed in all results. The student’s age and gender did not influence their knowledge or perception of physiotherapy management for SSVI, the student’s level of study did influence the two variables.
Mental health consequences of COVID-19 suppression strategies in Victoria, Australia: a narrative review
Authors: Jiang Jacqueline , Akhlaghi Hamed , Haywood Darren , Morrissey Brendan , Parnis Stephen
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed significant mental health burdens upon the general population worldwide, either directly owing to the disease or indirectly through aggressive public health measures to control spread of the virus that causes COVID-19. In this narrative review, we used a systematic approach to summarize the impact of restrictive lockdown measures on the general mental health of people living in Victoria, Australia during 2020 and to identify the groups with an increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes. A systematic database search (Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Embase) for articles examining the mental health of Victorians in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 yielded 88 articles, of which 15 articles were finally included in this review. We found that the general mental health of Victorians was negatively affected by COVID-19 restrictions during 2020. Although studies reported heterogeneous mental health outcomes, we found that the general population consistently used coping strategies and demonstrated mental health help-seeking behaviors in response to the restrictions. Women, children, young people, carers, people who became unemployed owing to the pandemic, and those with pre-existing psychiatric conditions had a higher risk of adverse mental health consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
Study of dynamic mechanical behavior of 1060-H112 aluminum alloy: Experimental and numerical simulation
Authors: Deng Yunfei , Wang Ruiwen , Zhang Yinbo , Wu Huapeng , Wei Gang
Published: November 2022

1060-H112 aluminum alloy with high ductility is widely used in industrial engineering. The study of its dynamic mechanical behavior has theoretical and engineering application value. In this paper, quasi-static tensile tests from room temperature to 250°C and high strain rate compression tests were conducted using a universal material testing machine and a Hopkinson compression bar. By using a hybrid test-numerical simulation method, a modified Johnson-Cook (MJC) strength model and Cockcroft-Latham (C-L) fracture criterion parameters were calibrated. Subsequently, Taylor impact tests were performed on 1060-H112 aluminum alloy specimens with a diameter of 12.66 mm and a length of 50.64 mm in the range of 176.3–483.03 m/s. Upsetting and tensile tearing were observed in the tests. A 12.68 mm diameter blunt nosed projectile impact test on 2 mm 1060-H112 aluminum alloy plate was also conducted with a light gas gun system, and the speed related parameters and failure modes were obtained. Finally, a three-dimensional model corresponding to the test was established in ABAQUS/Explicit finite element simulation software, and the failure modes of the Taylor rod and the velocity parameters and failure modes of the target impact test were predicted. The results show that the MJC strength model and the C-L fracture criterion can predict the experimental results of the two tests accurately. It shows that the MJC strength model and C-L fracture criterion have high accuracy, and they will play an important role in the application of 1060-H112 aluminum alloy in industrial engineering.
Truck and Cross-Docking Scheduling in the Flower Export Sector in Colombia
Authors: Mejía Gonzalo , Sarmiento Alfonso , Guerrero William
Published: November 2022

The Colombian flower sector accounts for approximately 4% of the country’s total exports. The logistics of flower exports involve urban or peri-urban internal transport to international airports. Trucks with flowers face major problems related to heavy traffic and long queues at the airport parking areas and unloading docks creating congestion and emissions. We study both a queue management system and a scheduling system for trucks, similar to those used in container terminals, with provisions for road traffic for realistic-sized problems. We used real data from our previous studies and from external sources to test our model. The results are discussed and analyzed, taking into consideration the constraints of the actual airport operations and the flower business. The results show that the current operation of the airport cargo terminal can be significantly improved with both queue management and scheduling systems. We finally discuss the implementation of these two systems.
Relational Balance in the Workplace: Exploring the Moderating Role of Organizational Commitment
Authors: Manata Brian
Published: November 2022

This paper uses a diverse organizational sample to test portions of Heider’s (1946 , 1958) balance framework. First, a review of balance theory is provided, and then theoretical relationships between relational balance and organizational outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, unproductivity, and depressive symptoms) are explicated. Following this, the role of organizational commitment is also considered as a moderator of the aforementioned associations. In the main, the results of this investigation indicate that balance has a substantial, positive effect on job satisfaction. The results also indicate that balance combines non-additively with organizational commitment to impact results, such that the negative effects of balance on unproductivity and depressive symptoms are stronger when members are committed to their jobs. These findings point to the importance of considering the impact of relational patterns within organizations, as opposed to considering the impact of any one relationship in particular.
Walking locomotion of a cable-driven soft-legged robot
Authors: Tang Bin , Chen Tao , Zhang Ping , Li Shuaiqi
Published: November 2022

A soft quadruped robot that can perform linear locomotion and turning patterns is proposed. The silicone rubber legs were cable-actuated and powered by motors. First, the bending behavior of the soft legs under quasi-static conditions was studied, and then mathematical models for linear and turning motions were established based on gait analysis. The soft-legged robot can decouple linear and turning motions. Furthermore, slope walking and payload were experimentally tested. The results showed that the robot can conduct linear locomotion at a speed of 19.8 mm/s and turn with an angular velocity of 4.4°/s. In addition, it had a payload of up to 300 g, and performed well on a smooth surface with a 17° slope.
Development of sustainable abrasive wear resistant waste rubber crumb reinforced polymer matrix composites
Authors: Mahesh Vishwas , Mahesh Vinyas , Tejaswini J N , Deekshitha J , Gunashree P , Ramyashree G
Published: November 2022

The current work involves the development of polymer matrix composites (PMC) filled with rubber crumb (RC) for tribological applications. The novelty of the proposed composite lies in harnessing of waste rubber crumb into useful filler material in polymer matrix composites for tribological applications owing to compliant nature of rubber. The proposed composites with different filler weight percentage have been developed and subjected to three body abrasion at different control factors (filler weight percentage, load and time). For the abrasion investigation, three body abrasive test rig was used, and Taguchi’s orthogonal arrays were used in the design of trials. The Taguchi technique was used to find the best parameter settings for minimizing specific wear rate. The effect of input factors (filler weight percentage, load and time) on abrasion resistance of proposed composites was evaluated, and statistically analysed using ANOVA. The effect of addition of RC on mechanism of abrasion was also studied. RC greatly improves the abrasion resistance of the suggested composites, according to the findings. The abrasion mechanisms involved are also studied. The results reveal that the composite with 20 wt% filler, subjected to three body wear at 30 N load for 10 min results in minimal specific wear of 0.31 × 10−12 m3/Nm which is approximately 15.5 times higher than the combination (A2B1C2) that exhibits least resistance to wear/higher specific wear rate.
A novel interactive robust filter algorithm for GNSS/SINS integrated navigation
Authors: Zhao Bin , Zeng Qinghua , Liu Jianye , Gao Chunlei , Zhao Tianyu , Li Rongbing
Published: November 2022

To solve the problem of Kalman filter (KF) performance degradation in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications, a novel interactive robust filter algorithm for GNSS/SINS integrated navigation is proposed in this paper. The strong tracking Kalman filter (STKF) is robust to uncertain system noise but is ineffective to abnormal measurement information. Based on the same performance index function with STKF, a measurement noise covariance matrix adaptive Kalman filter algorithm (MAKF) is presented, but it is ineffective under uncertain system noise. Furthermore, the interactive robust filter algorithm based on STKF and MAKF (IF-STKF-MAKF) is proposed, given the complementary characteristics of the above two filter algorithms. The STKF and MAKF operate in parallel based on the same system model. The filter probability of each filter is updated according to the likelihood function to perform output fusion and input interaction. The simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the IF-STKF-MAKF is effective and can achieve high estimation accuracy under both system noise anomalies and measurement information anomalies. In the vehicle experiment, the position accuracy of the proposed IF-STKF-MAKF method has been improved by more than 30% compared with KF, STKF, and MAKF. This method can also be extended to land vehicles, mobile robots, etc.
Multi-phase and dual aero/propulsive rocket landing guidance using successive convex programming
Authors: Lee Sang-Don , Lee Chang-Hun
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to suggest a new landing guidance algorithm for reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) to enable generation of fuel-efficient trajectories based on successive convex programming. To this end, a dual aero/propulsive landing guidance problem is first formulated to fully exploit the additional moment generated by the aerodynamic control to reduce the propulsion demand required for attitude control. As the result of the aerodynamic landing phase could greatly affect the fuel-optimal trajectory during the vertical landing phase, the formulation is further extended to the multi-phase optimal guidance problem using state-triggered constraints. The proposed guidance strategy is then obtained by solving the formulated optimal control problem based on the successive convex optimization framework using an interior point method The main contribution of this study lies in forming new RLV landing guidance problems to get an optimal trajectory and transforming the corresponding nonconvex problem into a convex optimization problem by introducing appropriate combinations for convexification techniques. Additionally, this paper introduces several practical constraints, such as the maximum slew rate of aerodynamic control fins and nozzle angles, which are not considered in previous works. In this paper, the performance of the proposed method with the potential for online computation is investigated through numerical simulations.
The Relationship between Social Media Influence, EWOM, and E-satisfaction of Consumers in India: A Moderated Moderated-mediation Conditional Model
Authors: Abdul Shaira Bi , Soundararajan Vasanthi , Parayitam Satyanarayana
Published: November 2022

The study is aimed to explore the relationship between the social media influence on consumers and E-satisfaction (ESAT). A conceptual model is developed and tested using the data collected from 669 respondents from the southern part of India. After testing the psychometric properties of the survey instrument using the LISREL package of structural equation modeling (SEM), Hayes’s PROCESS macros were used to test the mediation, moderated moderated-mediation hypotheses. The results reveal social media influence is positively associated with ESAT and EWOM. The findings support the positive relationship between EWOM and ESAT. The results also support that EWOM mediates the relationship between social media influence and ESAT. Furthermore, the results support that risk moderates the relationship between EWOM and ESAT. Finally, the results provide strong support for a three-way interaction between EWOM, risk, and trust to influence the ESAT of consumers. The implications for marketing theory and practice are discussed.
Rural workforce challenges: Why not rural psychiatry?
Authors: Darmawan William , Harding Catherine , Coleman Mathew , Samuels Anthony
Published: November 2022

Objective

The Australian psychiatry workforce is under-subscribed and highly urbanised. Currently, 90% of psychiatrists work in the cities, and there are significant projected workforce shortages of psychiatrists throughout Australia, particularly in rural and remote locations. This qualitative study explores factors influencing medical students and junior doctors’ decisions to pursue a career in rural psychiatry.

Method

Using a phenomenological approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups and subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

Sixteen participants were interviewed, 11 interviewees and five participants from two focus groups. This study identified enablers and challenges in pursuing rural psychiatry training in Australia. Clinical exposure to rural psychiatry, personal factors, rural lifestyle and workforce shortage awareness were identified as enablers. The lack of rural infrastructure, the attractiveness of urban psychiatry and the stigma toward rural psychiatry were identified as barriers.

Conclusions

Australian rural psychiatry workforce remains a complex issue. Reinforcing enablers and addressing barriers identified in this study would benefit future rural workforce initiatives.