bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Industry Smoking Prevention Advertisements' Impact on Youth Motivation for Smoking in the Future
Authors: Donovan Robert J. , Jalleh Geoffrey , Carter Owen B. J.
Published: May 2006

The objective of this study was to assess the impact on young people of three tobacco industry (TI) advertisements previously screened on MTV Europe and in cinemas in Australia. The three ads were exposed to 14–18-year-old smokers and non-smokers using commercial advertising copy-testing techniques. The primary dependent variable for both smokers and non-smokers was the advertisement's ability to increase feelings of not wanting to smoke in the future, and, for smokers, the extent to which the ad made current smokers think they should try to stop smoking. The results for the TI ads were compared with copy testing data for youth-targeted Western Australian tobacco control (TC) ads.

The TI ads performed as well or better than some TC ads, but not as well as other TC ads suggesting that attacks on the tobacco industry for airing smoking prevention ads cannot always use these ads' ineffectiveness as an argument for their removal. However, these tobacco industry ads may increase positive (or lessen negative) attitudes toward the tobacco industry, which could further the industry's aims of increased support or less criticism from community groups. It may be that this is the more important reason for advocates to call for such ads to be withdrawn.
Development of An Aspirational Campaign to Prevent Youth Substance Use: “Be under Your Own Influence”
Authors: Kelly Kathleen J. , Comello Maria Leonora G. , Slater Michael D.
Published: May 2006

We describe the development of a media campaign that decreased the uptake of substances by 40% among middle-school students. The campaign, “Be Under Your Own Influence,” is unique in its focus on the incongruence of drugs with achieving future aspirations and personal autonomy, themes which have received scant attention to date. Other distinctive features of the campaign include in-school distribution as well as media advocacy and other community-based efforts. The article will describe conceptual frameworks and formative research used to inform campaign development and implementation. The discussion will identify factors that may have enhanced success, as well as implications for social marketing efforts.
Neisseria meningitidis infection of human endothelial cells interferes with leukocyte transmigration by preventing the formation of endothelial docking structures
Authors: Doulet Nicolas , Donnadieu Emmanuel , Laran-Chich Marie-Pierre , Niedergang Florence , Nassif Xavier , Couraud Pierre Olivier , Bourdoulous Sandrine
Published: May 2006

Neisseria meningitidis elicits the formation of membrane protrusions on vascular endothelial cells, enabling its internalization and transcytosis. We provide evidence that this process interferes with the transendothelial migration of leukocytes. Bacteria adhering to endothelial cells actively recruit ezrin, moesin, and ezrin binding adhesion molecules. These molecules no longer accumulate at sites of leukocyte–endothelial contact, preventing the formation of the endothelial docking structures required for proper leukocyte diapedesis. Overexpression of exogenous ezrin or moesin is sufficient to rescue the formation of docking structures on and leukocyte migration through infected endothelial monolayers. Inversely, expression of the dominant-negative NH2-terminal domain of ezrin markedly inhibits the formation of docking structures and leukocyte diapedesis through noninfected monolayers. Ezrin and moesin thus appear as pivotal endothelial proteins required for leukocyte diapedesis that are titrated away by N. meningitidis. These results highlight a novel strategy developed by a bacterial pathogen to hamper the host inflammatory response by interfering with leukocyte–endothelial cell interaction.
Structural damage to meiotic chromosomes impairs DNA recombination and checkpoint control in mammalian oocytes
Authors: Wang Hong , Höög Christer
Published: May 2006

Meiosis in human oocytes is a highly error-prone process with profound effects on germ cell and embryo development. The synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3) transiently supports the structural organization of the meiotic chromosome axis. Offspring derived from murine Sycp3−/− females die in utero as a result of aneuploidy. We studied the nature of the proximal chromosomal defects that give rise to aneuploidy in Sycp3−/− oocytes and how these errors evade meiotic quality control mechanisms. We show that DNA double-stranded breaks are inefficiently repaired in Sycp3−/− oocytes, thereby generating a temporal spectrum of recombination errors. This is indicated by a strong residual γH2AX labeling retained at late meiotic stages in mutant oocytes and an increased persistence of recombination-related proteins associated with meiotic chromosomes. Although a majority of the mutant oocytes are rapidly eliminated at early postnatal development, a subset with a small number of unfinished crossovers evades the DNA damage checkpoint, resulting in the formation of aneuploid gametes.
The origin and maintenance of mammalian peroxisomes involves a de novo PEX16-dependent pathway from the ER
Authors: Kim Peter K. , Mullen Robert T. , Schumann Uwe , Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer
Published: May 2006

Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles that proliferate under different physiological conditions and can form de novo in cells that lack them. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been shown to be the source of peroxisomes in yeast and plant cells. It remains unclear, however, whether the ER has a similar role in mammalian cells and whether peroxisome division or outgrowth from the ER maintains peroxisomes in growing cells. We use a new in cellula pulse-chase imaging protocol with photoactivatable GFP to investigate the mechanism underlying the biogenesis of mammalian peroxisomes. We provide direct evidence that peroxisomes can arise de novo from the ER in both normal and peroxisome-less mutant cells. We further show that PEX16 regulates this process by being cotranslationally inserted into the ER and serving to recruit other peroxisomal membrane proteins to membranes. Finally, we demonstrate that the increase in peroxisome number in growing wild-type cells results primarily from new peroxisomes derived from the ER rather than by division of preexisting peroxisomes.
Axonal transport of mitochondria requires milton to recruit kinesin heavy chain and is light chain independent
Authors: Glater Elizabeth E. , Megeath Laura J. , Stowers R. Steven , Schwarz Thomas L.
Published: May 2006

Mitochondria are distributed within cells to match local energy demands. We report that the microtubule-dependent transport of mitochondria depends on the ability of milton to act as an adaptor protein that can recruit the heavy chain of conventional kinesin-1 (kinesin heavy chain [KHC]) to mitochondria. Biochemical and genetic evidence demonstrate that kinesin recruitment and mitochondrial transport are independent of kinesin light chain (KLC); KLC antagonizes milton's association with KHC and is absent from milton–KHC complexes, and mitochondria are present in klc −/− photoreceptor axons. The recruitment of KHC to mitochondria is, in part, determined by the NH2 terminus–splicing variant of milton. A direct interaction occurs between milton and miro, which is a mitochondrial Rho-like GTPase, and this interaction can influence the recruitment of milton to mitochondria. Thus, milton and miro are likely to form an essential protein complex that links KHC to mitochondria for light chain–independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria.
Mouse SYCP2 is required for synaptonemal complex assembly and chromosomal synapsis during male meiosis
Authors: Yang Fang , Fuente Rabindranath De La , Leu N. Adrian , Baumann Claudia , McLaughlin K. John , Wang P. Jeremy
Published: May 2006

During meiosis, the arrangement of homologous chromosomes is tightly regulated by the synaptonemal complex (SC). Each SC consists of two axial/lateral elements (AEs/LEs), and numerous transverse filaments. SC protein 2 (SYCP2) and SYCP3 are integral components of AEs/LEs in mammals. We find that SYCP2 forms heterodimers with SYCP3 both in vitro and in vivo. An evolutionarily conserved coiled coil domain in SYCP2 is required for binding to SYCP3. We generated a mutant Sycp2 allele in mice that lacks the coiled coil domain. The fertility of homozygous Sycp2 mutant mice is sexually dimorphic; males are sterile because of a block in meiosis, whereas females are subfertile with sharply reduced litter size. Sycp2 mutant spermatocytes exhibit failure in the formation of AEs and chromosomal synapsis. Strikingly, the mutant SYCP2 protein localizes to axial chromosomal cores in both spermatocytes and fetal oocytes, but SYCP3 does not, demonstrating that SYCP2 is a primary determinant of AEs/LEs and, thus, is required for the incorporation of SYCP3 into SCs.
Social Class and Change in Eating Habits
Authors: Tomlinson Mark , Warde Alan
Published: May 2006

Records an investigation of changing class variation in household
expenditure on food in contemporary Britain. Based on secondary analysis
of the Family Expenditure Survey, it documents the persistence of class
differences between 1968 and 1988 showing that they cannot be reduced to
levels of household income. Argues that obituaries for the concept of
social class in the sociological and cultural studies literatures are
premature.
Beers and Their Effects on Thirst
Authors: Thomas Keith , Millstone Erik
Published: May 2006

Reports results of an examination of the differing extent to which
various beers enhance thirst, and therefore possibly encourage repeated
consumption. Describes a novel methodology for estimating the impact of
beer consumption on thirst; the resulting evidence shows that some beers
make consumers significantly more thirsty than others. Discusses two
possible explanatory hypotheses to explain the differential effect on
thirst of various beers, i.e. the effect on thirst could be mediated by
diuresis; or it could be a direct function of the levels of any of
sulphur dioxide, bitterness, ethanol, mannitol, sodium and potassium.
Provides evidence to indicate that none of those factors, by themselves,
were sufficient to account for the observed differences. Establishes the
existence of a significant phenomenon, but its explanation remains to be
located.
EC Organic Food Standards
Authors: Byng John
Published: May 2006

Briefly reviews provisions of incoming EC Regulation 2092/91
setting out Organic Food Standards.
Product Liability: Implications for the Brewing Industry
Authors: Westwood G.A. , Dale B.G.
Published: May 2006

Highlights the growing impact of product liability on retailers,
manufacturers, suppliers and consumers in the brewing industry. Amongst
the major findings of the study are: the UK brewing industry tends to
view product liability in the same way as health and safety, conform to
the standards and everything will be okay – this approach
considers the criminal aspects of liability but blindly ignores the
dangers of increased civil activity against them; product liability
problems with beer stem mainly from the packaging process where objects
may have got into the bottle/can, and tampering is on the increase in
the industry. Points out that brewers can protect themselves against
product liability claims by ensuring technical evaluation is available
on all delivered products; ISO 9000 series registration; ensuring that
all products retailed are properly labelled; setting up a recall
pressure plan and practising it; establishing a crisis management team
and identifying the logistical support required.
Local Cheese Demand Characteristics in Crete: A Qualitative and Quantitative Survey
Authors: Roussis C.N. , Skiadas C.H.
Published: May 2006

Crete is the largest island of Greece and fifth of the Mediterranean basin which produces traditional and high‐quality cheeses from sheep′s and goat′s milk. Reports a qualitative and quantitative market survey to determine which factors affect purchasing behaviour with respect to cheese. Results showed that the Cretan cheeses are much preferred by consumers. Price, convenience (packaged), hygiene and dietary value (low fat) of the cheese are the main determinants of their choice. However these depend on the age, education and economic status of respondents. There was a high degree of desire for low fat and packaged cheese.
Cereal Production in the European Community
Authors: Fearne Andrew , Warren Rosalind
Published: May 2006

Discusses the results of a survey of farmers in four key cereal
producing countries in the European Community. The economic results for
the 1991 harvest showed how Danish producers consistently had the lowest
variable costs, without necessarily sacrificing yield performance. In
contrast, UK producers, whilst generally keeping variable costs below
the four‐country average, sacrificed yield performance and found
themselves, on occasion, amongst the lowest gross margin achievers. The
results of the survey also suggest that on aggregate, arable farming
will become more extensive, as farmers pay even greater attention to the
quantity of variable inputs used, the intensity of applications and the
use of their own labour as well as that of outside contractors.
Healthy and Light Foods: Understanding the Consumer
Authors: Bartlam Mike J.
Published: May 2006

Describes recent research on consumer behaviour and buying patterns
and health. Suggests that health awareness has increased, that health
issues are of growing concern, and that this is reflected in consumer
behaviour. Age and demography also play a part. Discusses the repertoire
effect using specific products as case examples.
Evaluating Cook‐Chill
Authors: Hyde Susan , Green Susie
Published: May 2006

Evaluation in the new cost‐and quality‐conscious health service is
all the rage, though a heavy workload and an ever‐changing local
situation can make the reality of conducting this kind of project
infinitely more complicated than it might at first appear, and the
outcome may be unexpected. Discusses a new system of food distribution
which was introduced to a retracting psychiatric hospital. Staff, who
were initially apprehensive, were quickly converted to the change. The
survey client group, long‐term elderly psychiatric patients, all on
pulverized diets, were assessed according to changes in their weight and
consumption of laxatives during the evaluation period. Interesting
differences emerged, with the women gaining weight and the men tending
to lose it. In spite of the difficulties in conducting the evaluation,
it caused staff to look closely at the reasons underlying the difference
and to make essential changes to ensure that their patients were
adequately nourished.
Contamination of Food
Authors: Roberts David C.E.
Published: May 2006

Identifies the specific laws which operate to prevent contamination
of food in the United Kingdom and the duties of local authority food
enforcement officers, the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
and the Department of Health in administering that law. Discusses the
importance of the need for co‐operation and rapid exchanges of
information within the UK and in Europe; recommends the need for traders
to act positively in crisis situations.
Food Retailers: Stuck in the Middle?
Authors: McHugh Marie , Greenan Kate , O′Rourke Barry
Published: May 2006

As the twenty‐first century beckons, the competitive terrain of the
UK food retailing industry is set to change. A host of forces signal the
need for food retailers to embark on programmes of strategic change in
order to find a defendable position within an increasingly competitive
industry. Highlights the strategies adopted by successful retailers in
Northern Ireland which reflect adaptation to environmental forces.
Identifies some of the opportunities which are available to food
retailers in other regional centres throughout the UK, together with
suggestions for their exploitation through a focus on shopping in
provincial towns.
The UK Chain Restaurant Market: Developments in this Evolving Industry
Authors: Duffill David , Martin Hugh
Published: May 2006

In the UK, chain restaurants have grown rapidly and now represent
about 14 per cent of the total catering industry. The UK has one of the
largest chain restaurant sectors in Europe, but is still well behind the
USA in terms of consumer acceptance. Examines the structure of the 1992
UK industry, identifies leading players and trends, and provides
comparisons with selected European countries. Bases the information on
market research undertaken by Technomic Consultants in 1992 during the
compilation of its report on UK chain restaurants.
BSE: The Gathering Crisis
Authors: Lacey Richard W.
Published: May 2006

Evidence for the spread of the agent responsible for Bovine
Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) continues to accrue. Hopes that the ban
on feeding concentrates to cattle in July 1988 would result in the
resolution of the epidemic have not been fulfilled, since the number of
BSE cases continues to rise. It is proposed that the infective agent of
BSE is primarily a cattle pathogen, perhaps initially spread by
contaminated feed, but in recent years propagated chiefly by maternal
(vertical) transmission with variable manifestation of the clinical
disease. If this is correct, the implications for farming, and possibly
also for human health, are grave.
Nutrition‐labelling Developments
Authors: Morris Elizabeth
Published: May 2006

New legislation means that all nutrition information provided on
food packaging will have to follow a standard format. Explains the
legislation and the implications it will have for food manufacturers and
retailers. The new UK regulations which implement the EC Nutrition
Labelling Directive will take effect in October 1993.
The Kilkenny Health Project
Authors: Shelley Emer
Published: May 2006

The morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease in Ireland
are among the highest in the world. The Kilkenny Health project was
launched in March 1985 as a community research demonstration programme
to prevent cardiovascular disease in the population of County Kilkenny
(approximately 73,000) in the south‐east of Ireland. Gives some of the
results obtained in surveys conducted between 1985 and 1992, with
particular reference to the changes in the patterns of food consumption.
Increasing Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Consumption through Food Fortification
Authors: Roberton David
Published: May 2006

There is increasing interest in the nutritional significance of
fish oils, which are rich in omega‐3 fatty acids. Summarizes the
background and describes a new product, “Dry n‐3(R)”, which
is being used to fortify a number of different foods.
A System for Assessing the Nutrition Score of Foods
Authors: Wheelock Verner , Ham Els
Published: May 2006

Describes a system which indicates the “healthiness” of
individual foods. The nutrition score, based on energy density, is a
single criterion which is determined objectively. It is concluded that,
if used on a wide scale, it would be extremely helpful to consumers who
wish to construct their diet in line with the recommendations for
healthy eating.
The Carrageenan Connection III: Recent Regulatory Revisions and Recommendations
Authors: Anderson D.M.W.
Published: May 2006

In the recent 1993 round of regulatory meetings, the joint FAO/WHO
JECFA awarded a temporary restricted ADI to Processed Eucheuma Seaweed
(PES); the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants ruled that
PES is different from carrageenan; and the UK Food Advisory Committee
has now confirmed that studies on carrageenan requested in 1992 are
still required; that carrageenan should not be used in food for infants
and young children, and that the specification for carrageenan should be
tightened. Indicates the changes resulting from these separate
regulatory considerations.
Changes in Diet over 40 Years and Their Significance
Authors: Buss David H.
Published: May 2006

During and after the Second World War, the British diet was
severely limited. Sweets, sugar and fatty foods were among the foods in
short supply, but as soon as they became freely available again,
consumption of these and other enjoyable foods rose rapidly. An
increased interest in health in the 1980s led to a reversal of a number
of these changes. Quantifies the changes which occurred in the 1980s.
Concludes that the proportion of fat in the British diet remains high,
because although intakes of fat have fallen, so too have intakes of
sugar and starchy foods. Nevertheless, the amount of saturated fat has
fallen substantially towards the target set in The Health of the
Nation.
Food Safety Monitoring: Elderly in Private Care
Authors: Herne Sally
Published: May 2006

Reports surveys of managers and environmental health officers
(EHOs) carried out at the Food Policy Research Unit between December
1990 and April 1993 to evaluate current food safety monitoring system
and relations between the various parties involved in residential care
homes. A high degree of consensus existed among EHOs on the potential
hygiene risks in homes and their consequences for residents. In up to 60
per cent of homes these risks were more probable than possible, with
fundamental defects such as inadequate cleanliness and poor kitchen
design being found. Blame did not lie entirely with the management of
these homes – when they turned to the local EHOs for help 80 per
cent were dismayed to find a high degree of disparity in the advice
offered by individual officers and a lack of accord even on basic
issues. Greater collaboration with the other agencies responsible for
monitoring standards in care homes and nationally agreed standards are
essential to improve levels of food safety, protect vulnerable elderly
people and maintain the credibility of the environmental health
profession.
The Meat Purchase Decision
Authors: Burton M. , Tomlinson M. , Young T.
Published: May 2006

Reports on an investigation, using econometric techniques, of the
household demand for meat as two separate decisions: whether or not to
buy meat, and how much to buy. Based on single adult households in the
Family Expenditure Survey, it highlights the importance of age, gender,
employment class and education of householder, as well as the presence
of children and freezer ownership.
Ergonomic Factors: The Clarity of Food Labels
Authors: Buckley Paul , Shepherd Richard
Published: May 2006

The Government has recently made public its response to the Food
Advisory Committee′s review of food labelling practices. Among the
accepted recommendations, the presentation of labelling information is
recognized to be of key importance. Presents a review of the ergonomic
factors which affect the clarity of pack information and discusses the
relevance of these findings for the design of effective food labelling.
Psychology, Food, Health and Nutrition
Authors: Wardle Jane
Published: May 2006

In 1989 the Scientific Affairs Board of the British Psychological
Society set up a working party on food, health and nutrition chaired by
Dr Jane Wardle to report on the contribution of psychology to this
important area. This is a version of the working party′s report,
reprinted here with kind permission of The Psychologist.
Outlines the evidence relating diet to health and development and
illustrates the possible contribution of psychological research to the
area of food choice. The working party hopes that this report will
stimulate productive collaboration between psychologists and food
scientists.
Introducing the Infant’s First Solid Food
Authors: Harris Gillian
Published: May 2006

The introduction of solid food to an infant is usually addressed in
terms of a “correct” time for introduction. There is usually
also a discussion of “appropriate” foods which may be
introduced to the infant; these foods will change according to
prevailing health priorities. Concentrates on the contribution made by
the infant to the timing and type of the first foods introduced. Places
emphasis on the development of the infant′s taste preferences which
determine the infant′s response to foods which may be offered by the
parent.
Satisfaction of Hunger and Thirst by Foods and Drinks
Authors: French Stephen J. , Read Nicholas W. , Booth David A. , Arkley Susan
Published: May 2006

Eating and drinking temporarily suppress the desire to eat and/or
the desire to drink. These satiating effects are learned responses to
complex patterns of stimulation from available foods and drinks and the
external and internal environments. Considers the possible roles of
physiological actions of ingested foods and beverages in the signals
from the body which contribute to the sense of repletion, the dulling of
hunger and the quenching of thirst.
The Influence of Cognitive Style on Consumers′ Variety Seeking among Food Innovations
Authors: Foxall Gordon R.
Published: May 2006

Recent research has shown that personality traits such as sensation
seeking, and product‐induced effects such as evocation of involvement,
influence variety seeking by food consumers. Considers the additional
factor of consumers′ early purchasing of new food brands/products. Three
studies highlight the relationships between patterns of initial
consumers′ purchasing both of general and “healthy” food
innovations and their consumers′ cognitive styles. The findings
generally corroborate other research but show that sensation seeking and
other traits often associated with early adoption are not, in fact,
linearly related to variety seeking. In particular, consumers who show
the greatest level of variety seeking are those who score low on these
“innovative” traits but are highly involved with the product
field, i.e. personally interested in and likely to think a great deal
about it.
The Strathclyde University Food Project: Marketing, Relationships and Structures
Authors: Shaw Susan A. , Carter Sara
Published: May 2006

The first of a series of articles explaining the objectives,
methods and progress of the Strathclyde University Food Project –
a British food industry initiative which has as its objective the
reduction of the British food trade gap through programmes of action
research. Explains the background to the Project, its structure and the
way in which it is managed. Discusses general issues of British food
industry competitiveness which have been brought into focus through the
activities of the Project in different sectors.
The UK Apple Industry: Production, Markets and the Role of Differentiation
Authors: Carter Sara , Shaw Susan A.
Published: May 2006

Describes a number of serious challenges facing the British apple
industry. Concludes that the way forward lies in moving away from
competition in commodity markets by differentiating and branding the
product, and that opportunities are available for traditional British
varieties such as Cox and Bramley in fresh, processed and juicing
sectors.
The British Vegetable Industry: Changing Marketing and the Role of Market Intelligence
Authors: Carter Sara , Shaw Susan A.
Published: May 2006

Presents an analysis of the domestic market for field vegetables
and comments on the nature of the market changes and the role of market
intelligence. Concludes with a discussion of how British producers can
use their competitive advantages to exploit current opportunities and to
build new markets.
The UK Bacon Deficit: Cause, Potential and Success Factors
Authors: Shaw Susan A. , Harris Neil
Published: May 2006

Britain is substantially less‐sufficient in bacon production than
other European competitors, especially Denmark and The Netherlands,
although in recent years the competitive position of the industry has
improved. British animals are now of high quality and a rationalization
process is under way in the processing sector. Proposes a number of
changes to develop the industry further and reduce the trading deficit.
Opportunities and Change in the British Strawberry Industry
Authors: Carter Sara , Shaw Susan A. , Harris Neil
Published: May 2006

Describes the changes which have taken place in the UK strawberry
market in recent years and presents an outline of the opportunities for
British producers identified by the Soft Fruit Working Party. New
opportunities have been largely met by imports which have grown
substantially in volume in recent years. Examines the reasons for the
limited exploitation by British producers of these opportunities and
analyses changing attitudes to production and marketing by British
strawberry growers.
The UK Tomato Industry: Market Intelligence and Producer Co‐ordination
Authors: Shaw Susan A. , Harris Neil , Carter Sara
Published: May 2006

Describes the state of the UK tomato sector which is facing falling
real price levels and low profitability in a situation of general
overcapacity in the EC tomato industry and where imports into the UK
market are a substantial percentage of total consumption. Evaluates the
Working Party for Salads′ improved short‐term marketing intelligence
system during its first year of operation.
What of the Information Poor?
Authors: Anderson Douglas
Published: May 2006

Information in electronic formats is becoming more and more the
chosen medium for publishers. Value‐added services are available to
customize downloaded data to user‐specific requirements with software
applications such as expert systems and hypermedia. The public library′s
role as the focal point for information access in any community
necessitates confirmation of this role through central and local
government provision of adequate resources. Such resources must be
sufficient to increase those information technology‐based services
already offered, together with the provision of value‐added facilities
for all library users, such that the existing division of the
information rich and the information poor, dependent on the user′s
institutional support, ceases to be of such significance. The library is
the central referral point for information for its user community and
such a role must be financially supported to avoid a divisive
information society.
Setting up an Industrial Information Service
Authors: Odini Cephas
Published: May 2006

Every big company requires a good information service to serve its
organizational interests in industrial trends, marketing intelligence,
competitive intelligence and the interpretation of government
regulations and policies affecting the company. A good information
service is a mark of an efficient and forward looking company and the
need for such a service in every big industrial company is indisputable;
the exact nature of service is more of the unknown factor. Attempts to
offer an outline proposal for the setting up of an information service
suitable for a large industrial company.
Brought to Book: Tales from Our Libraries
Authors: Duckett Bob
Published: May 2006

Recently Bradford Libraries celebrated the 25th anniversary of its
“new” Central Library building. Not, to be sure, a
world‐shattering event or one of great interest to the library
profession (nor, indeed, to some of the public, whose library it is),
but one feature concerning this celebration is worthy of note: the
memories of past and present library staff. These memories were
recorded, and from the new recruit who was asked to tell the City
Librarian that the Great War had ended (and who got a penny for his
effort), to the new recruit today struggling to master OPACs and the
Citizen′s Charter, this record is a valuable documentary resource for
both the historian who chronicles the changes in the philosophy and
practices in the library service, and to the present‐day librarian.
Fractal Imaging Technology
Authors: Walker Stephen F.
Published: May 2006

Outlines the development of the theory of fractal imaging
technology and the evolvement of the theory into a practical technology
for storing images. Describes the use of fractal imaging technology to
store and index 44,000 images in the George Washington Wilson
Collection, in the Queen Mother Library, University of Aberdeen.
Indicates the long‐term applications of the technology.
Uncharted Territory: Academic Libraries and the Growth in
Student Numbers
Authors: Feather John , Marriott Richard
Published: May 2006

Considers the statistics and implications of a dramatic increase in
student numbers in all UK higher education institutions. Considers also
the changes in the nature of students enrolled, such as mature students
and credit accumulation and transfer schemes; changes in the provision
of higher education through modularization and new methods of course
delivery, among others. Reviews levels of resourcing and discusses the
effects on library services. Examines service provision, information
skills, teaching and management issues; and highlights the resulting
problems and opportunities facing higher education libraries in the UK.
Examines the issues in more specific relationship to the experiences of
four university libraries in the East Midlands of England.
Bengt Hjelmqvist at 90
Authors: Harrison K.C.
Published: May 2006

Celebrates the 90th birthday of Bengt Hjelmqvist in October 1993
with an account of his life and work. Illustrates his role in fostering
Anglo‐Scandinavian public library conferences. Outlines his major
publications and examines his work on Scandinavian public library
buildings, as Head of the Library Section of the National Board of
Education in Stockholm from 1945‐1969. Explains also his influence on
British librarianship.
A Sketch of Censorship in Nigeria
Authors: Olorunsola R.
Published: May 2006

Relates some instances of Government censorship of the press in
Nigeria. Discusses their implications for communications, scholarship
and education within the country. Indicates prominent Nigerian
periodical and newspaper publications and stresses their importance as
free agents of communication within the country.
Local Government Reform in Britain: Organizational
Implications for the Public Library Service
Authors: Midwinter Arthur , McVicar Murray
Published: May 2006

Reports professional librarians′ perspectives on the organizational
implications of local government reform. Considers four main areas of
concern: joint arrangements, contracting out, service disaggregation and
economies of scale. Concludes that many professional librarians would be
concerned at the service consequences resulting from a move to a greater
number of smaller authorities.
Managing Academic Library Seminars
Authors: Nwali L.O.
Published: May 2006

Argues that seminars are important in individual and organizational
development. Discusses the rationale for and procedure employed in the
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Library series of seminars. Considers
long – and short‐term planning, timing and venue, and procedures
and reports. Considers that the appointment of an active and
enthusiastic seminar secretary is essential.
The Impact of the Use of Microcomputers on the University
of Ghana Library
Authors: Ellis Badu Edwin
Published: May 2006

Reports a questionnaire survey which attempted to identify the
significant elements in the impact of the use of microcomputers on the
work patterns affecting staff and users in the University of Ghana
Library. Discusses the results and considers the prospects for further
automation.
An Overview of Information Systems in Kenya
Authors: Odini Cephas
Published: May 2006

Gives an overview of information and library systems in a
developing African nation, Kenya. Highlights the prevailing local
conditions. Discusses the national library system with particular
reference to public, academic, special and school libraries. Also
briefly considers staffing needs of the national information services.
States factors inhibiting the development of effective national
information systems; it is, however, recognized that the country has a
sound information infrastructure on which to develop information
services.
A Testing Question: The Quality of Reference Services in
Scottish Public Libraries
Authors: Head Michael C. , Marcella Rita
Published: May 2006

Discusses the results of an unobtrusive test of Scottish public
library reference services, carried out by students of the School of
Librarianship and Information Studies at the Robert Gordon University,
which indicate that, despite a marginal improvement on previous surveys,
there is still serious cause for concern in the quality of response to
enquiries. Major problems found include: little attempt to investigate
information need; poorly formulated search strategies; failure to
exploit fully on‐site resources; and lack of evaluation of client
satisfaction.
Bibliographic Instruction for International Students in
Academic Libraries
Authors: Garcha Rajinder , Yates Russell Patricia
Published: May 2006

Reviews the problems posed by international students in higher
education in the USA, and some of the difficulties they encounter.
Specifically relates these problems to the provision of library services
and, more specifically, to bibliographic instruction. Reports on a
survey from the University of Toledo to examine foreign students′
background knowledge of academic libraries and to develop a programme to
meet the special needs of this multicultural group. Presents specific
conclusions and recommendations.
Manpower Preparation for Developing and Implementing
Information Policies
Authors: ur Rehman Sajjad
Published: May 2006

Examines the extent of coverage and nature of courses relating to
information policy in the curricula of 48 library and information study
programmes in North America and in three Asian countries (Malaysia,
Pakistan and Saudi Arabia). Reviews the curricula work by defining 11
categories conceived as an information policy framework. Finds that some
categories have little or no coverage in the curricula. Schools in North
America offering doctoral degrees had a much better coverage.
The Nigerian Book Shortage: Its Implications for Education
and National Development
Authors: Ogunrombi S.A. , Adio Gboyega
Published: May 2006

Reviews the provision of textbooks at all levels of the Nigerian
educational system. Suggests that there is a great shortage of books at
all levels of education, but the most acute being at the tertiary level
due to an overwhelming dependence on imported books. Reveals that
libraries promoting scholarship are limited to elite and private schools
which are models which cannot be replicated on a national scale.
Articulates the implications of the dearth of books for an informed
citizenry and for national development and suggests some solutions to
improve the availability and accessibility of books in Nigeria.
Information Dissemination through Document Translation:
Subject Specialist or Translator?
Authors: Kaliyan S. , Kasi Rao V.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the vital role of technical translation services in the
process of information dissemination and technology transfer with
particular reference to India. Argues that, for the most effective
provision of translation services, subject specialists should be
available in special libraries and documentation centres. Gives
suggestions for improving translation services in India.
The Role of the Business School in Management Development
Authors: Hayes John
Published: May 2006

Explores the reasons why Britain has invested relatively little in
management education and training compared with its major competitors.
Reviews initiatives to improve the provision and take‐up of management
education, and considers the role of business schools in this context.
Identifies six issues that will determine whether or not their potential
contribution to management development will be realized.
Management Development Structures as Symbols of Organizational Culture
Authors: Preston Diane
Published: May 2006

Management development structures such as training courses and
appraisal interviews communicate the values and expectations of senior
management to participants and thereby socialize them into an
organization and its culture. Symbolism, one of many approaches used to
try and understand the concept of organizational culture, is useful in
this instance. Management development structures can be seen as symbols
of culture in which the rites and rituals of the management role are
enacted through their design, content and process. The question is
raised as to whether the provision of cultural symbols can provide clear
and persuasive pictures as, apparently, they are assumed to do. Explores
how a group of managers within one company appeared to use management
development in forming their individual impressions of the organization
and its culture. The findings suggest that the communication link
between management development and organizational culture is not perhaps
as direct as is apparently assumed.
Inside Corporate Mentoring Schemes: A New Agenda of Concerns
Authors: Gibb Stephen , Megginson David
Published: May 2006

Reports a survey of 30 UK mentoring scheme organizers by
questionnaire, concerning how long schemes had been established, mentor
roles, reasons for schemes being introduced, how mentors are selected,
how mentors and prot\?\g\?\s are matched, and about various aspects of
other formal features of the schemes, including confidentiality, mentor
development, rewards for mentors, mentor training, fixed periods for
mentoring, the use of learning contracts, seniority of managers,
mentor/prot\?\g\?\ ratios, the evaluation of mentors and schemes,
organizational benefits, strengths and weaknesses of schemes and
mentoring policies. Proposes a new agenda for those involved in such
schemes and for further research.
Refashioning Industrial Relations: The Experience of a Chemical Company over the Last Decade
Authors: Wilkinson Adrian , Marchington Mick , Goodman John , Ackers Peter
Published: May 2006

Uses a longitudinal case study approach to analyse changes in
industrial relations in a chemical company over the last decade. The
authors argue that the concept of “waves” can be used to
help understand developments during this period. The first wave related
to the crisis of the early 1980s and a “turnaround project”,
while the second was part of a longer term and in a sense less urgent
cultural change initiative. There was thus a shift in management
thinking, from emphasizing compliance with short‐term imperatives, to an
attempt to develop a more fully co‐operative relationship, where
commitment was seen as central to the new way of working. However,
underpinning this shift to a more co‐operative relationship was a
considerable shift in the balance of workplace power, a fact which
explains the new relationship more effectively than increased employee
understanding or the growth of consensus at the workplace. At the same
time, there remained ambiguity amongst the key actors in the process.
Whilst senior management strongly supported the new programme of change,
middle managers and supervisors were much less enthusiastic. Unions also
were ambivalent in their attitudes, given the dimunition of their role.
Amongst other things, the case illustrates the difficulty encountered
when management attempt to change organizational culture to achieve high
trust industrial relations.
The Use of HRM Consultants: Evidence from Manufacturing Companies in the North‐East of England
Authors: Redman Tom , Allen Peter
Published: May 2006

Reviews the available evidence on the use of human resource
management consultants, and examines the findings from a study of their
use in manufacturing in the North‐East of England. Also considers the
following questions: What types of consultants are used and in what
areas? How is the HRM consultant sourced, selected, managed and
evaluated? What is their relationship with in‐house personnel
departments? Concludes by considering the implications of the findings
for the future role and status of the personnel function and identifies
an agenda for further research. Suggests that the use of HRM consultants
does not necessarily undermine the in‐house personnel function and under
certain conditions may enhance its reputation.
The Interrelationships of Managers’ Work Time and Personal Time
Authors: Fletcher Colin , Higginbotham Ruth , Norris Peter
Published: May 2006

Aims to substantiate a previous study conducted in 1960 which
explored the links between work and non‐work activities. Three types of
links between leisure and work activity were proposed: compensation,
spillover and segmental participation. Reports on a 1992 survey which
examined the links observed from data gathered from 301 managers. There
is evidence to support the view that segmental participation is the main
link and that compensation and spillover are the minor links. Analysis
of the percentages, modes and correlations all suggest that independent
management development is edged to the margins by each link and in
distinctive ways.
The Social Charter: Implications for Personnel Managers
Authors: Lockhart Terry , Myers Andrew
Published: May 2006

States that there has been much debate about the EC’s Social
Charter but very little research on the implications for personnel
managers. Personnel managers will be responsible for implementing the
majority of Social Charter initiatives within their organizations. Based
on the results from a postal survey of over 5,000 personnel managers
across ten European countries, highlights the impact of the Social
Charter on their organizations. Results show that: personnel managers
are not as solely positive towards the Social Charter as expected; there
appears to be a great deal of uncertainty among managers from a number
of European countries – there is no pan‐European perspective at
present – and; the perception that the UK is “dragging its
feet” seems to be a misconception.
HRM: Prescription, Description and Concept
Authors: Clark Ian
Published: May 2006

Explores the burgeoning literature on HRM with the aim of assessing
its distinctiveness in terms of the arguments expounded by Guest in 1989
in his article “Personnel Management and HRM: Can You Tell the
Difference?”. Summarizes Guest’s article, drawing out his three
main approaches; reviews each of the three themes in terms of later
contributions to the subject; evaluates the distinctiveness of HRM in
relation to the three approaches laid down by Guest; and, finally,
raises some issues of discussion and conclusion on the distinctiveness
of HRM, its efficiency claims and its effects on the practice of
personnel management.
Organizational Configurations: Implications for the Human Resource/ Personnel Management Debate
Authors: Duberley Joanne P. , Burns Neil D.
Published: May 2006

Considers the changes in the way that we theoretically
conceptualize organizations being brought about by the configurations
approach towards organizations. Shows that the concept of fit is crucial
to this approach and that this can be operationalized at both a macro
and a micro level in organizations. With reference to three case
studies, considers the implications of configurations to the debate over
the differences between human resource management and traditional
personnel management.
Towards Strategic Human Resource Management: A Pilot Study in a Finnish Power Industry Company
Authors: Ropo Arja
Published: May 2006

Describes a process through which an organization moved from
traditional personnel management towards a more strategically oriented
human resource management. Focuses on tracking down, periodically, the
actions taken by the human resource manager and his/her relationships
with the strategic management team within the context of major
structural and strategic changes. Suggests that the internal dynamism of
the human resource function led by an innovative leader, serves as a
critical mechanism to keep the change process going after its start
under favourable organizational and strategic circumstances.