bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise da inclusão social dos idosos nos parque urbanos: a importância da academia ao ar livre para os idosos frequentadores dos parques
Authors: Cabral Thaís Corrêa
Published: September 2021

Os espaços públicos das cidades são, muitas vezes, hostis à presença daqueles que não têm completo domínio de suas funções. É comum encontramos idosos que preferem não sair de casa por conta das dificuldades que encontram em se locomover pela cidade. No entanto, o convívio e a possibilidade de interagir com o espaço que os rodeia é requisito fundamental para o envelhecimento saudável. Pensando nisso, fez-se essa pesquisa voltada à análise de como tornar os parques públicos espaços inclusivos para os idosos. Por meio do instrumento SOPARC, que se baseia na observação sistemática de pessoas, concluiu-se que a presença de Academias ao Ar Livre nos parques urbanos tem grande efeito positivo na qualidade e quantidade de atividades físicas e interação dos idosos nesses espaços. Além disso, podem-se observar várias melhorias que a presença destes equipamentos traz às pessoas de terceira idade, favorecendo sua interação com todas as outras faixas etárias.

Public spaces in cities are often hostile to those who do not have complete mastery of their functions. It is common to find elderly people who prefer not to leave their home because of the difficulties they find in getting around the city. However, conviviality and the possibility to interact with the space that surrounds them is a fundamental requirement for healthy aging. With this in mind, this research aimed at analyzing how to make public parks inclusive spaces for the elderly. Through the SOPARC methodology, which is based on the systematic observation of people, it was concluded that the presence of Outdoor Academies in urban parks has a great positive effect on the quality and quantity of physical activities and interaction of the elderly in these spaces. In addition, it was possible to observe several improvements that the presence of this equipment brings to the elderly, favoring their interaction with all other age groups.
Preservação do patrimônio urbano no Brasil: uma análise de tendências para uma mudança de abordagem
Authors: Weissheimer Maria Regina
Published: September 2021

Os últimos cinquenta anos marcaram, no cenário global, uma transformação profunda da sociedade e, desde 2010, mais de 50% da população mundial vive em áreas urbanas. No Brasil, a população quase quintuplicou em 50 anos e os conjuntos urbanos históricos representam uma fração cada vez mais ínfima das cidades, sofrendo com altos índices de vacância e despovoamento. Diante deste cenário, é indispensável tecer uma análise crítica das ações de preservação em curso, ainda pautadas em diretrizes lançadas há mais de cinco décadas. Aos órgãos de preservação, convém revisitar o significado da cidade histórica em relação ao todo urbano e desenvolver ferramentas eficientes que reconectem, funcional e simbolicamente, os núcleos históricos protegidos com o todo urbano. Afinal, que função têm ou terão os bairros e cidades históricas no mundo globalizado? Serão capazes, de fato, de sustentar seu valor simbólico na sociedade contemporânea e para as gerações futuras?

The last fifty years have marked, in the global scene, a deep society transformation and, since 2010, more than 50% of the world population lives in urban areas. In Brazil, the population almost quintupled in 50 years and the historical urban areas represent an increasingly smaller fraction of the cities, suffering from high vacancy and depopulation rates. In view of this overview, it is essential to carry out a critical analysis about preservation actions in progress, still ruled by guidelines launched more than five decades ago. The preservation agencies should revisit the meaning of the historic city in relation to the urban as a whole and develop efficient tools able to reconnect, functionally and symbolically, the historic center with the whole city. After all, what role has or will play the historical neighborhoods and cities in the globalized world? Will they really be able to sustain their symbolic value in contemporary society and for future generations?
Campus universitário fora de cidade no Reuni (Brasil): urbanismo retrógrado na contramão dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Authors: Felipe Joel Pereira
Published: September 2021

A sustentabilidade ambiental aplicada aos campi universitários mobilizou, a partir da década de 1970 no Brasil, uma quantidade significativa de atores que aliavam a mobilização contra as mudanças climáticas às responsabilidades das universidades com o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Green campus passou a designar o espaço universitário com um conjunto de ações consideradas ‘sustentáveis’ (campus dentro das cidades ou em cidades universitárias isoladas), dando origem à metodologia para realização de diagnósticos e propostas, estabelecendo pactos gerenciais com as administrações dessas universidades, implantando e monitorando ações por meio de planos e sistemas de gestão ambiental. Esse texto apresentará as reflexões sobre o protagonismo e impacto da universidade no território da cidade, particularmente da Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia criada em 2014 e localizada nos municípios de Ilhéus e Itabuna (Bahia), nos aspectos urbanos e sociais. Essa reflexão contribuirá na implantação das universidades criadas no Programa Reuni com repercussões nas próximas décadas nas cidades e ambiente.

The environmental sustainability applied to university campuses mobilized, as from the 1970s in Brazil, a significant number of actors who combined mobilization against climate change with the responsibilities of universities with Sustainable Development. 'Green campus' started to define the university space with a set of actions considered 'sustainable' (campus within cities or in isolated university cities), giving rise to the methodology for diagnoses and proposals, establishing management pacts with the administrations of these universities , implementing and monitoring actions through environmental management plans and systems. This text will present the reflections on the role and impact of the university in the territory of the city, particularly the Federal University of Southern Bahia created in 2014 and located in the municipalities of Ilhéus and Itabuna (Bahia), in urban and social aspects. This reflection will contribute to the implantation of the universities created in the Reuni Program with repercussions in the coming decades in cities and the environment.
Democracia participativa nas políticas habitacionais de interesse social: uma análise dos modelos de gestão no Brasil e em Portugal
Authors: Silva Priscila Soares da , Silva Maria Lais Pereira da
Published: September 2021

A política de produção pública de habitação de interesse social no Brasil na última década caracterizou-se por repasses diretos de recursos ao capital através do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. Se por um lado esse modelo buscou conferir agilidade à produção para obter rápido retorno econômico, por outro, restringiu a participação dos governos locais (estados e municípios). Em outra perspectiva identificamos que os processos de democracia participativa ganham uma especial relevância em Portugal, uma vez que estabelecem formas e metodologias decisórias descentralizadas e inclusivas em relação ao modelo central de gestão pública. Assim, este artigo examina os arranjos institucionais para a gestão das políticas habitacionais de interesse social em Portugal, buscando refletir sobre as possibilidades de relação com o cenário brasileiro, no intuito de questionar a matriz das políticas habitacionais elaboradas pelo governo central.

The policy of public production of social housing in Brazil in the last decade has been characterized by direct transfers of resources to capital through the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program. If, on the one hand, this model sought to give agility to production in order to obtain a quick economic return, on the other, it restricted the participation of local governments (states and municipalities). In another perspective, we identified that the processes of participatory democracy gain a special relevance in Portugal, since they establish decentralized and inclusive decision-making forms and methodologies in relation to the central model of public management. Thus, this article examines the institutional arrangements for the management of housing policies of social interest in Portugal, seeking to reflect on the possibilities of relationship with the Brazilian scenario, in order to question the matrix of housing policies developed by the central government.
Metodologia para história do urbanismo de povoamentos de longa duração
Authors: Santos Sofia Simões
Published: September 2021

A pesquisa realizada no âmbito da História do Urbanismo com enfoque no povoamento de longa duração, centrou-se num lugar da História da América Portuguesa, o rio São Mateus. Objetivou-se entender a evolução urbana da região, entre os séculos XVI e XIX. A escassez de fontes primárias levou à utilização de metodologia própria, de pesquisa, recolha documental arquivista e elaboração de mapas conjecturais. Foi essencial o contributo teórico-metodológico de Reis Filho, na obra Contribuição ao estudo da Evolução Urbana do Brasil - 1500/1720, os estudos de Beatriz Bueno, quanto ao conceito de território e suas vinculações com a cartografia, e de Pedro Almeida Vasconcelos, quanto à geografia histórica e a cartografia. Explorou-se a informação contida nos registros iconográficos, confrontando-a com vários documentos e estudos. Com os dados obtidos construíram-se mapas conjecturais, representativos da materialização urbana. A análiseda consolidação urbana e (des)continuidades permitiu um entendimento da evolução urbana de São Mateus.

The research carried out within the History of Urbanism, with a focus on long-term settlement, on one place in the History of Portuguese America, the São Mateus River. The objective was to understand the urban evolution of the region, between XVI and XIX centuries.The scarcity of primary sources led to the use of its own methodology, research, archival documentary collection and the elaboration of conjecture maps. It was essential the theoretical-methodological contribution of Reis Filho, in Contribuição ao estudo da Evolução Urbana do Brasil- 1500/1720, the studies of Beatriz Bueno, regarding the concept of territory and its links with cartography, and Pedro Vasconcelos, regarding historical geography and cartography. The information contained in the iconographic records was explored, confronting it with various documents and studies. With the data obtained, conjecture maps were constructed. The analysis of the urban consolidation allowed an understanding of the urban evolution of São Mateus.
La escuela como paisaje: la arquitectura escolar para la revitalización del espacio público y social
Authors: Triches Massimo , Ballarin Marco
Published: September 2021

En el nuevo milenio Italia está viviendo una etapa de gran debate que, desde enfoques multidisciplinarios e integrados, encara las cuestiones de la protección del medio ambiente, de la manutención del territorio, de las transformaciones urbanas y de la valorización del patrimonio paisajístico. Estas temáticas son particularmente evidentes en los contextos más vulnerables – bajo el perfil administrativo, económico, social y cultural – como las conocidas “Aree Interne”, las periferias de las grandes ciudades y los centros históricos difundidos en toda la península. En este escenario se ha puesto en marcha una importante acción de recuperación, manutención y transformación del obsoleto patrimonio inmobiliario escolástico nacional. A través de numerosas iniciativas e concursos, licitaciones y asignaciones directas, las públicas instituciones han iniciado una época de profunda renovación física, espacial y teóricas que involucra todo el patrimonio inmobiliario escolástico. En este contexto se introduce como caso estudio el proyecto de un instituto escolar en Pescina, en los Apeninos de Abruzos, que busca definir un modelo significativo de escuela innovadora y un nuevo paradigma de transformación urbana.

Since the beginning of the new millennium a major debate has interested Italy. The issues of environmental protection, territorial governance, urban transformation and landscape heritage enhancement are being addressed with a multidisciplinary and integrated approach. These themes are particularly relevant if we look at the most vulnerable contexts - from an administrative, economic, social and cultural point of view - such as the so-called “aree interne”, the big cities’ suburbs and the historic boroughs spread throughout the country. Within this picture, conspicuous actions are being taken in order to refurbish and transform the now obsolete national school building stock. Through many competitions and bidding processes, public bodies have started a profound physical, spatial and theoretical renovation that involves the whole stock. In this context, we present the project for a school in Pescina, in the Abruzzo Apennines, representing a significant model for innovative schools and a new paradigm of urban transformation.
Redesenhando o chão do Baixo Augusta: a requalificação tipo-morfológica do rés-da-cidade dos edifícios construídos a partir de 2013
Authors: Reis Gisete Marques dos , Borges Heraldo Ferreira
Published: September 2021

O Baixo Augusta constitui um eixo representativo dos processos históricos da cidade de São Paulo, icônico pela sua vitalidade. O presente artigo apresenta os resultados da primeira fase da pesquisa sobre a construção deste viário, desde a sua urbanização a finais do séc. XIX até aos dias de hoje, através de levantamentos históricos, cartografias e diagramas. A partir dos dados de IPTU – Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano foi possível confirmar os ciclos econômicos e mensurar as características das tipologias de cada período histórico. A tipologia construída a partir de 2013 gera descontinuidade devido ao aumento da profundidade no lote, aos bloqueios de acesso e pelo espaço do térreo privado fechado. O distanciamento social no térreo desta tipologia contrasta com os espaços de serviços e comércio das edificações dos períodos anteriores. O tema é a reabilitação urbana a partir do plano do solo ou chão da cidade.

Baixo Augusta is a representative axis of São Paulo’s historical processes, iconic for its vitality. This article presents the research first results about this street construction, since its urbanization by the end of XIX century until today, through historical information, cartographies and diagrams. IPTU - Property Tax and Urban Territorial data made possible to confirm its economic cycles and measure the typologies’ characteristics of each historical period. The typology built since 2013 generates discontinuity due to the increase of lot depth, the access restraints and closed private ground floor space. The social distance in this typology ground floor contrasts with the services and commerce’s spaces in previous periods’ buildings. The theme is urban rehabilitation from ground plan or city floor.
Mega-structures of seoul in 60s-70s and urban integration: the vitality of collective space around the mega-structures constructed in 60s-70s in Seoul
Authors: Kwang-seon Jin
Published: September 2021

One of the most important urban experiment in Seoul was realized between 1960s and 1970s with the influence of the modernism architecture. Various experimental mega-structure buildings were constructed through this experiment in that period in the oldtown of Seoul. After 10 or 20 years, most of them started to decline, and were apprehended as one of the ugliest artefact of the city. Many solutions and alternatives have been proposed to revitalize them, and most of them were failed. And though this situation is still ongoing.Throughout all of this process of the mega-structure buildings, there were notable evolution of collective space. This article intends to experiment the possibility of these collective space in relation to the urban integration of the mega-structure buildings.
A relação cidade e porto: a cidade de Vila Velha
Authors: Carvalho Julia Da Ros , Vasconcelos Flavia Nico , Rosa Teresa Cristina da Silva
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo visa compreender a relação entre a cidade e o porto de Capuaba, localizado no bairro de Paul, cidade de Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, partindo da observação de como o processo de globalização e modernização do sistema portuário transformou essa integração. Dessa forma, para alcançar o entendimento vislumbrado, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica através de artigos referentes ao tema Cidade Portuária, assim como, uma visita técnica ao bairro em questão, no período vespertino, na data de 18 de Outubro do ano de 2019, onde, buscou-se observar o perímetro urbano ao entorno do complexo portuário de Capuaba. Como resultado, a presente pesquisa conclui que apesar do desenvolvimento das tecnologias e do processo de globalização que impactou o crescimento e modificações no sistema portuário, o Porto de Capuaba não pode ser considerado integrado ao seu entorno urbano local.

This article aims to understand the relationship between the city and the port of Capuaba located in the neighborhood of Paul, city of Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, starting from the observation of how the process of globalization and modernization of the port system transformed this integration. Thus, in order to reach the envisioned understanding, a bibliographic research was carried out through articles referring to the theme Port City, as also carried out by the present authors, a technical visit to the neighborhood in question, in the afternoon on October 18 of the year. 2019, where we sought to observe the urban perimeter around the Capuaba port complex. As a result, this research concludes that despite the development of technologies and the globalization process that impacted the growth and changes in the port system, the Port of Capuaba, cannot be considered integrated with its local urban environment
Sistemas de espaços livres: requalificação ambiental para a Área Central de Mogi das Cruzes, SP
Authors: Ferreira Maria Cristina Lopez , Hasegawa Michelle , Suzuki Suelen
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo visa analisar os Espaços Livres, públicos e privados, do Centro Histórico e Tradicional do Município de Mogi das Cruzes - SP - Brasil, aplicando a metodologia de diagnóstico do QUAPÁ - SEL/FAUUSP, compreendendo esses espaços como integrantes de um sistema, e assim buscar soluções que venham mitigar os impactos causados pela alta densidade construtiva, bem como realizar uma análise crítica do processo de urbanização e das alterações ocorridas no desenho da cidade por meio das aplicações das leis de uso e ocupação do solo. Verificar ainda a relação do espaço – objeto de estudo com o Município e considerar os pontos mais relevantes para as suas conexões. Dessa forma, poderá ocorrer a melhoria da qualidade de vida e ambiental, além da mitigação dos efeitos causados, como as ilhas de calor formadas pela própria densidade construtiva, baixa capacidade de permeabilidade do solo e a insuficiência de massa arbórea.

This article aim to analyze through the spares spaces, public and private of History Center and Traditional of City of Mogi das Cruzes - SP - Brazil, applying the diagnostic methodology of QUAPÁ - SEL/FAUUSP, understanding those spaces as members of a system, and so share solutions that come in mitigate the impacts damaged for high constructive density, as well accomplish an critical analysis about the process of urbanization and the changes occurred on urban draw through the law of use and occupation of space. Yet, verify the relation of area - study object with the city, and consider the most relevant points for your connections, therefore it’ll can improve the quality of life and environmental, besides mitigating of effects that have been causing heat islands like for own constructive density, low permeability capacity of ground and insufficiency of tree mass.
O turismo como forma de preservação do patrimônio ferroviário: o caso da Estrada de Ferro Campos do Jordão
Authors: Agostini Fernanda Figueiredo d' , Sguizzardi Eunice Helena
Published: September 2021

A atividade turística pode se valer do aproveitamento do capital simbólico representado por lugares e bens de significativo valor histórico-cultural para potencializar o desenvolvimento de municípios e regiões que demonstram pouca diversidade econômica. O fomento do turismo como alternativa de acesso a oportunidades de trabalho e bem-estar social tem atraído a atenção dos responsáveis pela elaboração e implementação de políticas públicas urbanas. Porém, esse processo só se concretiza por meio da consolidação da atividade turística como um fator de desenvolvimento econômico, o qual deve ser territorializado e integrado à dinâmica sócio espacial. A gestão urbana contemporânea tem se apropriado do discurso de estímulo ao turismo como estratégia de requalificação ou reabilitação de áreas degradadas, tal como a orla ferroviária. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a estratégia de gestão adotada pela Estrada de Ferro Campos do Jordão (Estado de São Paulo), atrelada à atividade turística como forma de manutenção e preservação de seu patrimônio.

A tourist activity can evaluate the use of symbolic capital represented by places and goods of significant historical and cultural value for the development of municipalities and regions that show little economic savings. The promotion of tourism as an alternative to access job opportunities and social well-being has attracted the attention of those responsible for creating and implementing urban public policies. However, this process can only be achieved through tourism as a factor of economic development, that is, be territorialized and integrated into the socioeconomic area. Contemporary urban management is appropriate for the discourse of stimulating tourism, as a strategy for requalification or rehabilitation of degraded areas, such as on the railway shore. This article aims to analyze the management strategy adopted by the Campos do Jordão Railway (State of São Paulo), linked to tourism as a way of maintaining and conserving its heritage.
Informalidad urbanística sobre franjas de seguridad en la metrópoli Kanata: deslizamiento y desborde en Chilimarca en febrero de 2018 (Cochabamba-Bolivia)
Authors: Bolívar Vallejo Huáscar
Published: September 2021

La informalidad urbanística se constituye en una de las principales amenazas de origen socio-natural que ha marcado el rumbo de los riesgos en muchas de las ciudades latinoamericanas. La pobreza y la necesidad de vivienda han sido los motores de una resolución riesgosa del espacio urbano cuando la materialización de la residencia se ha producido por cuenta propia, al margen de regulaciones urbanas y de los derechos urbanísticos de propiedad, tributario y comercial regulados por el Estado de derecho y sus sistemas de control (Abramo, P., 2003; 2009). En la presente Ponencia proponemos el análisis de esa relación “irreflexiva” entre sociedad y territorio (Beck, U. Et al, 1997) vía la informalidad urbanística, enfocándonos en el desastre ocurrido el 6 de febrero de 2018 en la zona de Chilimarca, Municipio de Tiquipaya (Cochabamba-Bolivia), parte importante de la Metrópoli Kanata, comprometida con 39 cuencas hidrográficas que merecen atención.

Urban planning informality becomes one of the main threats from social-natural origin that sets the course of risks in many Latin-American countries. Poverty and the need for housing have been the engines of urban space risky resolution when materialization of residency is produced on own account, apart from urban regulations and urban planning, tax and commercial ownership rights that are regulated by the State of law and its control systems (Abramo, 2003; 2009). In this paper I propose the analysis of this “unreflecting” relationship between society and territory (Beck, et al, 1997) through urban planning informality, focusing on the disaster that took place on February 6, 2018 in Chilimarca area, Tiquipaya township (Cochabamba-Bolivia), being an important part of the Kanata metropoly, comprising 39 attention-deserving hydrographic basins or watersheds.
Evening Star
Authors: Ratcliffe E. B. ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: September 2021

Which would you prefer, a gay son, or no relationship with your son at all? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Robert and Grace are high school friends. Both are bullied. Robert for his long hair and the rumor he is gay, and Grace, for her short hair, and the rumors she is too. Robert is gay, Grace is not. While preparing their midterm English performance, Robert decides he is going to use the performance as the way to finally come out to the school and tell them about the trauma he has been experiencing from his family the last several years. It does not go well as both are sent to the office, and their parents are called in. Robert escapes with his father’s gun. When Grace finds out she steals her mother’s car and goes looking for him. She finds him at a hotel. They briefly talk and the police show up. Before Grace realizes what has happened, Robert has killed himself.
How the Cockroach Lost its Voice (Children's Story)
Authors: Reifler Samuel ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: September 2021

How do we learn from past decisions not taken and imagined futures while not holding on to the choices not taken and causing ourselves despair? In this work of philosophical short fiction, an Uncle Cockroach takes his nephew to the highest point in the land, the top of the refrigerator. From there, they overlook the larger, and beautiful home, and see the humans living in the home. The Uncle tells his nephew the humans can speak, like they do, but that they are unhappy because they have a hidden 3rd eye inside their head that allows them to see the future and the past that may happen. This causes them to dislike the present because they are always comparing it to what their 3rd eyes sees. Suddenly, an angel moth comes down and, on behalf of The Great Arachnid, is told me must forever render cockroaches speechless.
Least resolved trees for two-colored best match graphs
Authors: Schaller David , Geiß Manuela , Hellmuth Marc , Stadler Peter
Published: September 2021

In phylogenetic combinatorics, 2-colored best match graphs (2-BMGs) form
a subclass of sink-free bi-transitive digraphs that describe the most
closely related genes between a pair of species in an evolutionary
scenario. They are explained by a unique least resolved tree (LRT). In
this paper, the concept of support vertices is introduced and used to
derive an $O(|V|+|E|\log^2|V|)$-time algorithm that recognizes a 2-BMG
and constructs its LRT. The approach can be extended to allow the
recognition of binary-explainable 2-BMGs with the same complexity. An
empirical comparison emphasizes the efficiency of the new algorithm.
Serum neurofilament light chain in pediatric spinal muscular atrophy patients and healthy children
Authors: Nitz Elisa , Smitka Martin , Schallner Jens , Akgün Katja , Ziemssen Tjalf , von der Hagen Maja , Tüngler Victoria
Published: September 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate neurofilament light chain as blood biomarker for disease activity in children and adolescents with different types of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and establish pediatric reference values.

Methods

We measured neurofilament light chain levels in serum (sNfL) and cerebral spinal fluid (cNfL) of 18 children with SMA and varying numbers of SMN2 copies receiving nusinersen by single‐molecule array (SiMoA) assay and analyzed correlations with baseline characteristics and motor development. Additionally, we examined sNfL in 97 neurologically healthy children.

Results

Median sNfL levels in treatment‐naïve SMA patients with 2 SMN2 copies are higher than in those with >2 SMN2 copies (P < 0.001) as well as age‐matched controls (P = 0.010) and decline during treatment. The median sNfL concentration of healthy controls is 4.73 pg/mL with no differences in sex (P = 0.486) but age (P < 0.001). In all children with SMA, sNfL levels correlate strongly with cNfL levels (r = 0.7, P < 0.001). In children with SMA and 2 SMN2 copies, sNfL values correlate with motor function (r = –0.6, P = 0.134), in contrast to older SMA children with >2 SMN2 copies (r = –0.1, P = 0.744).

Interpretation

Reference sNfL values of our large pediatric control cohort may be applied for future studies. Strong correlations between sNfL and cNfL together with motor function suggest that sNfL may be a suitable biomarker for disease activity in children with 2 SMN2 copies and those with >2 SMN2 copies within their initial stages during early childhood.
Explaining and drawing activities for learning from multimedia: The role of sequencing and scaffolding
Authors: Fiorella Logan , Pyres Macy , Hebert Robert
Published: September 2021

This study tested how different implementations of explaining and drawing activities affect learning from a multimedia science lesson. After studying a multimedia slideshow about the human respiratory system, college students (n = 145) were assigned randomly to one of four learning activity conditions: write explanations before drawing pictures (explain‐then‐draw group), draw pictures before writing explanations (draw‐then‐explain group), study provided explanations before drawing pictures (provided explanation‐then‐draw), or study provided pictures before writing explanations (provided drawing‐then‐explain). One week following the learning activity, all students completed post‐tests of their understanding. Results from the learning activity supported the scaffolding hypothesis: students generated better explanations when they used provided (rather than their own) drawings, and they generated better quality drawings when they used provided (rather than their own) explanations. However, this difference in learning activity performance did not correspond to higher performance on the delayed post‐tests. We discuss implications for how to best sequence and scaffold generative activities.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal findings in patients with proximal 22q11.2 duplication: A retrospective chart study
Authors: Verbesselt Jente , Zink Inge , Breckpot Jeroen , Swillen Ann
Published: September 2021

Duplications on Chromosome 22q11.2 (22q11.2 dup) are associated with a wide spectrum of physical and neurodevelopmental features. In this chart review, physical, developmental, and behavioral features of 28 patients with 22q11.2 dup (median age = 17.11 years) are reported, and phenotypes of de novo and inherited duplications are compared. Common medical anomalies include nutritional problems (57%), failure to thrive (33%), transient hearing impairment (52%), and congenital heart defects (33%). Developmental, speech‐language, and motor delay are common in infancy, while attention (64%), learning (60%), and motor problems (52%) are typically reported at primary school age. Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorders are diagnosed in 44%. Median full‐scale intelligence quotient is in the borderline range (IQ 76), with one‐fifth of patients having mild intellectual disability. Longitudinal data in 11 patients, with the first assessment at a median age of 5.2 years and the second assessment at a median age of 8.8 years, indicate that almost two‐third of patients have a relative stable cognitive trajectory, whereas one‐third show a growing into deficit profile. In patients with de novo duplications, there is a trend of more failure to thrive, while more patients with inherited duplications follow special education.
Transition from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition: Determining the predictors of reversion with multi‐state Markov models
Authors: Sanz‐Blasco Rubén , Ruiz‐Sánchez de León José M. , Ávila‐Villanueva Marina , Valentí‐Soler Meritxel , Gómez‐Ramírez Jaime , Fernández‐Blázquez Miguel A.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The theoretical framework of the Alzheimer's disease continuum considers transition between stages in a unidirectional manner. Here we examine the rate of reversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to normal cognition (NC) and explore a set of potential variables associated with this phenomenon.

Methods

A total of 985 Spanish community‐dwelling individuals aged 70 years and over at baseline were monitored for 5 years. During this time, 173 MCI and 36 dementia cases were identified. Multi‐state Markov models were performed to characterize transitions between states through the dementia continuum.

Results

The rate of reversion from MCI to NC was 11%. There were significant non‐modifiable (age, socioeconomic status, or apolipoprotein E) and modifiable factors (cognitive training or absence of affective symptoms) associated with reversion.

Discussion

Overall, our results highlight that the likelihood of progression from MCI to dementia is very similar to that of reversion from MCI to NC.
A DNA Molecular Robot that Autonomously Walks on the Cell Membrane to Drive Cell Motility
Authors: Li Hao , Gao Jing , Cao Lei , Xie Xuan , Fan Jiahui , Wang Hongda , Wang Hong‐Hui , Nie Zhou
Published: September 2021

Synthetic molecular robots can execute sophisticated molecular tasks at nanometer resolution. However, a molecular robot capable of controlling cellular behavior remains unexplored. Herein, we report a self‐propelled DNA robot operating on the cell membrane to control the migration of a cell. Driven by DNAzyme catalytic activity, the DNA robot could autonomously and stepwise move on the membrane‐floating cell‐surface receptors in a stochastic manner and simultaneously trigger the receptor‐dimerization to activate downstream signaling for cell motility. The cell membrane‐associated continuous motion and operation of a DNA robot allowed for the ultrasensitive regulation of MET/AKT signaling and cytoskeleton remodeling to enhance cell migration. Finally, we designed distinct conditional DNA robots to orthogonally manipulate the cell migration in a coculture of mixed cell populations. We have developed a novel strategy to engineer a cell‐driving molecular robot, representing a promising avenue for precise cell manipulation with nanoscale resolution.
Engineering Fluorophore Recycling in a Fluorogenic RNA Aptamer
Authors: Li Xing , Wu Jiahui , Jaffrey Samie R.
Published: September 2021

Fluorogenic aptamers can potentially show minimal photobleaching during continuous irradiation since any photobleached fluorophore can exchange with fluorescent dyes in the media. However, fluorophores have not been designed to maximize “fluorophore recycling.” Here we describe TBI, a novel fluorophore for the Broccoli fluorogenic aptamer. Previous fluorophores either fail to rapidly dissociate when they undergo photobleaching via cis–trans isomerization, or bind slowly, resulting in extended periods after dissociation of the photobleached fluorophore when no fluorophore is bound. By contrast, photobleached TBI dissociates rapidly from Broccoli, and TBI from the media rapidly replaces dissociated photobleached fluorophore. Using TBI, Broccoli exhibits markedly enhanced fluorescence in cells during continuous imaging. These data show that designing fluorophores to optimize fluorophore recycling can lead to enhanced fluorescence of fluorogenic aptamers.
Chiral TADF‐Active Polymers for High‐Efficiency Circularly Polarized Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Yin‐Feng , Li Meng , Teng Jin‐Ming , Zhou He‐Ye , Zhao Wen‐Long , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: September 2021

A strategy of chiral donor–acceptor copolymerization is proposed to develop chiral nonconjugated polymers with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Based on this strategy, two pairs of chiral polymers (R,R)‐/(S,S)‐pTpAcDPS and (R,R)‐/(S,S)‐pTpAcBP were synthesized. The alternating copolymerization of the chiral donors and acceptors could effectively separate the frontier molecular orbitals, which made the polymers show small ΔEST of 0.01–0.03 eV and efficient TADF properties. Moreover, the polymers also showed the quantum yield of up to 92 % and the circularly polarized luminescence. The solution‐processed circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes showed circularly polarized electroluminescence signals with high external quantum efficiencies of up to 22.1 % and maximum luminance of up to 34350 cd m−2. This is the first report of CP‐OLEDs based on chiral TADF polymer, which provides a useful and valuable guidance for the development of high‐efficiency CPEL polymers.
Light‐Modulated Cationic and Anionic Transport across Protein Biopolymers**
Authors: Burnstine‐Townley Alex , Mondal Somen , Agam Yuval , Nandi Ramesh , Amdursky Nadav
Published: September 2021

Light is a convenient source of energy and the heart of light‐harvesting natural systems and devices. Here, we show light‐modulation of both the chemical nature and ionic charge carrier concentration within a protein‐based biopolymer that was covalently functionalized with photoacids or photobases. We explore the capability of the biopolymer‐tethered photoacids and photobases to undergo excited‐state proton transfer and capture, respectively. Electrical measurements show that both the photoacid‐ and photobase‐functionalized biopolymers exhibit an impressive light‐modulated increase in ionic conductivity. Whereas cationic protons are the charge carriers for the photoacid‐functionalized biopolymer, water‐derived anionic hydroxides are the suggested charge carriers for the photobase‐functionalized biopolymer. Our work introduces a versatile toolbox to photomodulate both protons and hydroxides as charge carriers in polymers, which can be of interest for a variety of applications.
Numerical assessment on liquid mixing in a T‐mixer containing tri‐fin
Authors: Tan Sak Jie , Yu Kok Hwa , Ismail Mohd Azmi , Teoh Yew Heng
Published: September 2021

Liquid mixing in channel with laminar uniaxial flow is inefficient, and the mixing channel length required for diffusive mixing is immensely large. In the attempt to enhance liquid mixing, this study presents computational evaluation of mixing performance of tri‐fin configuration in a T‐mixer. Two parameters, that is, transverse spacing (ST) and width (Lw) of the upstream fin, are studied to evaluate the geometrical scaling effect of the tri‐fin configuration. It is shown that tri‐fin unit withST/H =  0.2 andLw/H =  0.2 yields superior overall mixing performance, amongst the geometrical parameters investigated. For flow at low Reynolds number (Re ≤ 1), 20 periodic units of tri‐fin are sufficient to achieve maximum enhancement with 29% reduction of mixing efficiency lengthLM = 99%. It is also shown that there exists a progressive mixing enhancement with increasing number of tri‐fin periodic units employed. Taking into consideration of the pumping power limitation, it would be ideal to employ tri‐fin feature to improve liquid mixing for fluids with high Schmidt number, flowing at low Reynolds number.
Local child protection in the Philippines: A case study of actors, processes and key risks for children
Authors: Roche Steven , Flynn Catherine
Published: September 2021

This article explores the child protection actors, processes and child maltreatment issues in a regional Local Government Unit in the Philippines. Utilising a qualitative case study design, it engages with 14 young people with histories of child maltreatment and 13 key child protection actors, exploring their views and experiences of child protection actions, processes and outcomes. The findings highlight informal community‐based actors, including neighbours, family, friends and non‐government organisations in initial responses to child maltreatment, compared to formal child protection actors, who respond to severe maltreatment utilising a legal framework. Actors are constrained by limited government capacity and community reach, revealing misalignment between formal child protection activities and breadth of risks for children. Non‐government organisations assist child protection efforts through the provision of residential care. Policy recommendations include strengthening relationships between formal actors and communities, expanding early intervention activities, and developing the capacity of community‐based child protection actors.
Abundance estimates of three cetacean species in the coastal waters of Matang, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Kuit Sui Hyang , Ponnampalam Louisa Shobhini , Hammond Philip S. , Chong Ving Ching , Then Amy Yee‐Hui
Published: September 2021

The paucity of baseline data on coastal cetaceans due to a lack of research in developing countries frequently precludes assessment of their status and informed management actions for conservation.

This study provides the first abundance estimates of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins, Irrawaddy dolphins, and Indo‐Pacific finless porpoises in the coastal waters of Matang, Peninsular Malaysia.

Boat‐based surveys covering 1,152 km2 of coastal waters with 4,108 km of survey effort were conducted between 2013 and 2016 to collect data for line transect analysis of Irrawaddy dolphins and finless porpoises. Photo‐identification data of humpback dolphins were concurrently collected for mark–recapture analysis.

Estimates of abundance from four sampling strata totalled 763 Irrawaddy dolphins (CV = 13%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [588, 990]) and 600 Indo‐Pacific finless porpoises (CV = 27%, 95% CI [354, 1,016]).

The annual abundance estimates of humpback dolphins ranged between 171 (95% CI [148, 208]) in 2014–2015 and 81 (95% CI [67, 98]) in 2015–2016, likely due to the presence of offshore individuals that moved in and out of the study area. The estuarine strata were inhabited by 68 (95% CI [63, 73]) inshore humpback dolphins in 2013–2014 to 87 (95% CI [78, 97]) dolphins in 2014–2015.

As an International Union for Conservation of Nature important marine mammal area, the productive coastal waters of Matang are shown to support a high density of small coastal cetaceans, and the results serve as an important baseline for future studies to identify population trends for conservation management plans.
Consumption of gossypol increases fatty acid‐amino acid conjugates in the cotton pests Helicoverpa armigera and Heliothis virescens
Authors: Krempl Corinna , Joußen Nicole , Reichelt Michael , Kai Marco , Vogel Heiko , Heckel David G.
Published: September 2021

Gossypol is a toxic sesquiterpene dimer produced by cotton plants which deters herbivory by insects and vertebrates. Two highly reactive aldehyde groups contribute to gossypol toxicity by cross‐linking herbivore proteins. We identified another consequence of consuming gossypol in two insect pests of cotton: increased amounts of fatty acid‐amino acid conjugates (FACs). Eight different FACs in the feces of larval Helicoverpa armigera and Heliothis virescens increased when larvae consumed artificial diet containing gossypol, but not a gossypol derivative lacking free aldehyde groups (SB‐gossypol). FACs are produced by joining plant‐derived fatty acids with amino acids of insect origin in the larval midgut tissue by an unknown conjugase, and translocated into the gut lumen by an unknown transporter. FACs are hydrolyzed back into fatty acids and amino acids by an aminoacylase (L‐ACY‐1) in the gut lumen. The equilibrium level of FACs in the lumen is determined by a balance between conjugation and hydrolysis, which may differ among species. When heterologously expressed, L‐ACY‐1 of H. armigera but not H. virescens was inhibited by gossypol; consistent with the excretion of more FACs in the feces by H. armigera. FACs are known to benefit the plant host by inducing anti‐herbivore defensive responses, and have been hypothesized to benefit the herbivore by acting as a surfactant and increasing nitrogen uptake efficiency. Thus in addition to its direct toxic effects, gossypol may negatively impact insect nitrogen uptake efficiency and amplify the signal used by the plant to elicit release of volatile compounds that attract parasitoids.
Recent Projects Advance Biofiltration Research and Guidance
Authors: Jang H. Grace , Brown Jess , Hooper Jennifer , Lauderdale Chance
Published: September 2021

Key Takeaways

The Water Research Foundation (WRF) Research Priority Program identifies industry challenges and helps address them through targeted, multiyear research projects.

WRF's biofiltration research area was designed to provide drinking water utilities with tools to improve biofiltration's effectiveness and maximize its reliability.

Research area objectives were to provide guidance documents for implementing, enhancing, monitoring, and optimizing biofiltration, and to communicate biofiltration's attributes.
Optimizing stimulant dose in ADHD patients with comorbid aggression
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2021

Stimulants alone were effective in treating aggressive behavior in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) — see article on page 1. However, the trial was “inconclusive” because the participants who did well on stimulants alone were not eligible to randomization for the next treatment — second generation antipsychotics. It was published, however, because there are lessons for clinicians — optimize stimulant dose — and trialists — publish your research because it can still help. Moving on to stepped treatment for those whom stimulants didn't help completely, did help the other patients.
Increase in drinking ‘to cope’ by women with young children
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2021

Back in the 1960s, “Mother's Little Helper” was a pill, and it did not have a good reputation. But society got wise, at least to pills.
Graham‐Little Piccardi Lassueur syndrome and review of the literature
Authors: Alkhayal Fares A. , Alsudairy Fahad , al Mubarak luluah , Almohanna Hind M.
Published: September 2021

Graham‐Little Piccardi Lassueur Syndrome (GLPLS) is a rare variant of lichen planopilaris (LPP) which characterized by triad of fibrosing alopecia of the scalp, non‐fibrosing alopecia of the axilla and groin, and a follicular spinous papule over the body. LPP is a rare follicular subtype of lichen planus which causes scarring alopecia of scalp, and there are three clinical subtypes of LPP including classic lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and GLPLS. Herein, we describe an adult dark‐skinned Saudi male with GLPLS who has numerous body follicular papules, complete loss of axillary hair, and partial loss of groin hair in addition to patchy fibrosing alopecia of the scalp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of GLPLS in Saudi Arabia.
The first case report of Haim Munk disease with neurological manifestations and literature review
Authors: Moghaddasi Mehdi , Ghassemi Mohammadreza , Shekari Yazdi Mohammad , Habibi Seyed Amir Hasan , Mohebi Nafiseh , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: September 2021

HMS can have neurologic MS like manifestations. It is urgent to do more research and report probable unknown associations of HMS for its better management.
Research of 6‐DOF pose estimation in stacked scenes
Authors: Teng Qi , Yi Jianjun , Li Huazhong
Published: September 2021

Recently, robot vision recognition has been widely used in modern logistics system. In the face of complex and changeable environment and objects, industrial robots need to identify and operate the target objects accurately. Therefore, this article proposes a method based on Mask R‐CNN and RGB‐D to estimate the 6‐DOF of the target object. We find the 6‐DOF of the object is identified and located accurately.