bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between patellar tendon–lateral femoral condyle friction syndrome and patellofemoral instability
Authors: KAVAK Rasime Pelin , DUMAN Evrim , ÖZDEMİR Meltem
Published: May 2020

Aim: The etiology of the patellar tendon–lateral femoral condyle friction syndrome (PTLFCFS) is not fully known and the number of studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PTLFCFS is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PTLFCFS and patellofemoral instability in magnetic resonance imagingMaterial and Methods: Six morphological parameters were measured in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate patellofemoral stability in patients with PTLFCFS (study group n = 82) and patients without detection PTLFCFS (control group n = 204) in the knee MRI examination. These parameters include the Insall–Salvati ratio, ventral trochlear prominence, sulcus angle, lateral trochlear inclination angle, patellar inclination angle, and patellar lateralization measurement. In addition, the chondromalacia patella relationship was also evaluated.Results: The Insall–Salvati ratio, patellar inclination angle, patellar lateralization, sulcus angle, and ventral trochlear prominence were significantly higher and lateral trochlear inclination angle was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group. The incidence of chondromalacia patella was significantly higher in the study group. In the study group, there was a positive correlation between the chondromalacia patella and the ventral trochlear prominence. Conclusion: Among the factors causing PTLFCFS, patellofemoral instability was found to be effective. The measured parameters having high sensitivity and specificity suggest that these parameters can be used as risk factors and for the diagnosis.
The Question of Legitimizing Law in Adolf Reinach’s Phenomenology
Authors: Bekrycht Tomasz
Published: May 2020

When speaking about legitimizing law we can mainly mean analysis which concerns metaphysical justification for what is called the phenomenon of law. From the metaphysical point of view, the justification of law means indicating the foundation of its existence. It is about seeking (indicating) an esse (essence) basis of law, in line with the task set by the metaphysical analysis, namely seeking an answer to the question: Why does object X exist? And in the answer, there will appear a formula indicating the final reasons for its existence (ratio essendi). The same ideas that we can find in Adolf Reinach’s principal work, The Apriori Foundations of the Civil Law, provide a possibility of better understanding this important issue of legal philosophy, namely the question of legitimizing law (justifying law). The aim of this article is to present that argument.
Property and “Nuda Potestas” as Constitutions of Reinach’s Philosophy of Law
Authors: Massa Manuela
Published: May 2020

This contribution centers on the notions of property and nuda potestas in Reinach’s philosophy of law. I aim to demonstrate how both terms ground an important part of Reinach’s understanding of a priori condition for civil rights. Consequently, I assess the principle of property with a comparison to Luis de Molina, since he shows in his De Iustitia et Iure how dominium and rights justify some forms of property (lay and ecclesiastical) and political power (Molina 1659, disp2 n1; Kaufmann 2014, 129). Hence, the right of the person is discussed by following the potestas. In Die apriorischen Grundlagen des bürgerlichen Rechtes, Reinach implicitly refers to the nuda potestas, which is a kind of power that can be applied only formally and not in fact to something else and for that reason, it can only be caught a priori, since acts are performed by another person within it. This is the reason why the rights of a person can be divided between more people, and it is at first just a kind of property, which can be exercised upon the individual. Consequently, I divide my contribution as follows. First, in considering the social act, I show how its characteristics of Anspruch and Verbindlichkeit result from the commitment that human beings make to one another. In doing this, I discuss the particular condition of slavery through which it is possible to find the property and the nuda potestas since there is no enjoyment of the good to which it refers. Second, I apply both concepts by showing a parallel with Luis de Molina. This comes about in consideration of the case of dominium, in which absolute rights can be ascribed to their relative claim. Third and finally, I offer a critique of Reinach, in which I show how absolute rights and relative claims cannot be assimilated.
The Law and Question. The Phenomenon of Question as a Possible Point of Departure for the Phenomenologico-Genetic Theory of Law
Authors: Sobota Daniel Roland
Published: May 2020

In his original phenomenology of law Adolf Reinach distinguishes among experiences the so-called “social acts”. These include acts directed towards other persons that require that the latter acknowledge the communicated contents and assume certain attitudes. Among these acts Reinach mentions there are promises, orders, requests and questions. He argues the promise is the special act that creates the a priori grounds of law. It is to be noted that Reinach’s phenomenology of law is of static character (in the Husserlian sense of the word) and therefore it shares all its advantages and disadvantages. In my paper I would like to draw attention to another social act, which can also be attributed to certain law-making activities, especially from the perspective of the genetic phenomenology. It is questioning. At the same time when Reinach was working on his theory of law, his Munich friend, Johannes Daubert (1877–1947), also a student of Theodor Lipps and a friend of Edmund Husserl, who together with Reinach made an “invasion of the Munichs at Göttingen”, worked on the first phenomenology of the question. Although he did not refer his research to the phenomenon of law, we can ask whether, like Reinach’s deliberations about promises and obligation, it cannot be done. That this is possible to some extent, for example, is evinced by the Hannah Arendt and Klaus Held’s phenomenology of the political world. He points out that the public world as such arises from the primordial openness of man, understood as “zoon politikon”. This openness might be interpreted as the question which is not so much a single act as it is an attitude. The purpose of the paper is to outline how, while starting with the phenomenological reflection over various types of utterances, one can specify their certain forms and the acts constituting them as well as the attitudes which allow for a priori grounding the phenomenon of law from the perspective of static and genetic phenomenology.
Changes in Maternal Care During the Healthcare Reforms in the Republic of Georgia
Authors: Shengelia Lela , Pavlova Milena , Groot Wim
Published: May 2020

Since 1991, the health system of the Republic of Georgia has passed through several phases of reform. Privatization and marketization of the healthcare system are among the major reforms. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the utilization of, and access to maternal care services during the period 1999–2010. Secondary analysis was done using data from three national reproductive health surveys (RHS). From three RHSs we selected 7,684 women who experienced childbirth/s during 5-years prior to each survey. We analyzed data on pregnancy outcome, type of childbirth, access and utilization of prenatal, natal and immediate postnatal care, and looked at associations with maternal age, ethnicity, educational level, employment status, residence, religion, and economic status. Binary and multinomial regressions were the main statistical models used along with descriptive statistics. We found that the overall utilization of prenatal care services was quite high; in the first wave, it was 92.1% then increased to 95.1% and 98.1% in the second wave and in the third wave respectively. However, utilization of postnatal services was quite low. According to RHS 1999–2000 only 10.7% of mothers utilized postnatal services, which increased to 23.3% in 2010. Women of age group 30–34 were more likely not to use prenatal care services than the other age groups. Rural dwellers, women with lower education level, and women with lower income were less likely to utilize prenatal check-ups. According to the findings from the survey, there were improvements in access to prenatal and natal care as well as utilization of maternal care services over the years. Overall, the use of maternal care has improved during the reforms.
Midwives' Experiences of Transitioning Into Private Practice With Visiting Access in Australia: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Barker Megan , Fenwick Jennifer , Gamble Jenny
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

A national review of maternity services in Australia in 2009 resulted in legislative changes which provided midwives with an unprecedented opportunity to offer continuity of care as a private practitioner with visiting access to a public maternity hospital. However, very few midwives have taken up this opportunity.

AIM

To explore the experiences of midwives who transitioned into private practice with visiting access to a public hospital.

METHOD

Using a qualitative descriptive approach, six midwives participated in digitally recorded in-depth interviews. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis.

FINDINGS

Transitioning to private practice enabled midwives to align their core midwifery values with their practice. Midwives reported taking “a leap of faith” by venturing into private practice. Although seeking visiting access and running a small business was initially daunting, midwives were rewarded by being able to practice autonomously and provide continuity of woman centered care within a caseload model. The legislative restrictions, especially around employing other midwives posed significant challenges.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

Private practice with visiting access provided midwives with a service model that aligned their core midwifery values with their clinical practice. The model facilitated their ability to work as lead care professionals, provide woman centered care, and access a collaborative network of healthcare professions. However, the midwives continued to experience structural barriers that threaten the scalability and sustainability of the model. Structural barriers to midwives working to their full scope of practice and in alignment with a midwifery philosophy are a global issue. Further reforms are needed.
Liderazgo en la educación rural con enfoque territorial
Authors: Acosta Valdeleón Wilson , Ángel Pardo Nadia Catalina , Pérez Pérez Tito , Vargas Rojas Adriana , Cárdenas Sánchez Daniel
Published: May 2020

El mejoramiento de la educación rural es una necesidad inaplazable para construir una Colombia pacífica e incluyente. Una de las formas para alcanzar este propósito nacional es fortalecer las capacidades de liderazgo y gestión de los directivos docentes rurales y sus comunidades para que puedan construir acciones educativas acordes con el contexto del territorio en que se encuentran.
Este libro es un aporte de la Universidad de La Salle y la Fundación Empresarios por la Educación a la discusión en torno a los retos de la educación rural; pero sobretodo, es una invitación para comprender los desafíos que la ruralidad presenta para el liderazgo de los directivos docentes.
El documento ofrece reflexiones de los tránsitos que la educación ha tenido en “lo rural”. Además, brinda una ruta construida a partir del análisis de experiencias en diversos lugares de Colombia para emprender proyectos pedagógicos con enfoque territorial, la cual se crea a partir de experiencias en diversos lugares de la Colombia rural
Jos Bouckaert (1930-1999) Leven en Werk [Jos Bouckaert (1930-1999) Life and Works]
Authors: DUSAR Michiel
Published: May 2020

Jos Bouckaert (1930-1999) Life and Works. The professional life of Jos Bouckaert, former director of the Geological Survey of Belgium and professor at the University of Louvain (KU Leuven), is described in his native tongue Dutch, with special attention to the major events in his career and the influence exerted by his character and family background and his numerous friends. The biography is completed by an overview of professional activities, scientific nominations and bibliography.
Acute Heart Failure Comorbidome: The Impact of Everything Else
Authors: Meireles Mariana Alves , Golçalves João , Neves João
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Heart failure frequently coexists with several comorbidities. Our aim is to evaluate the prognostic role of various comorbidities in the risk of acute heart failure development.Material and Methods: Comorbidities of patients with acute heart failure were, retrospectively, compared to a control group of patients with chronic heart failure admitted to an Internal Medicine unit in a 2-year period. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine their association with acute heart failure and to develop a comorbidome.Results: We identified 229 patients with acute heart failure and 201 patients with chronic heart failure. Age and female gender were higher in acute heart failure group (p < 0.001) as was the number of comorbidities (4.0 ± 3.0 vs 4.0 ± 2.0, p = 0.044). Hyperuricemia (odds ratio 2.46, confidence interval 95% 1.41 - 4.31, p = 0.002), obesity (odds ratio 2.22, confidence interval 95% 1.31 - 3.76, p = 0.003), atrial fibrillation (odds ratio 1.93, confidence interval 95% 1.31 - 2.87, p = 0.001), peripheral artery disease (odds ratio 2.12, confidence interval 95% 1.01 - 4.42, p = 0.046) and chronic kidney disease (odds ratio 2.47, confidence interval 95% 1.65 - 3.71, p < 0.001) were associated with acute heart failure. Obesity, atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease and chronic kidney disease were identified as independent risk factors. Patients with multiple comorbidities had a superior risk of hospitalization due to heart failure: zero comorbidities – odds ratio 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.28 - 0.67, p < 0.001; one comorbidity – odds ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.47 - 1.01, p = 0.057; two comorbidities – odds ratio 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.11 - 3.08, p = 0.019; ≥ three comorbidities – odds ratio 5.81, 95% confidence interval 2.77 - 12.16, p < 0.001.Discussion: This study shows an association between several comorbidities and hospital admission due to acute heart failure. The association seems to strengthen in the presence of multiple comorbidities.Conclusion: A comorbidome is a useful tool to identify comorbidities associated with higher risk of acute heart failure. The identification of vulnerable patients may allow multidimensional interventions to minimize future hospital admissions.
A construção e disseminação da missão nas instituições de ensino superior no Ceará
Authors: Forte Sérgio Henrique Arruda Cavalcante , Pereira Maise Soares
Published: May 2020

As Instituições de Ensino Superior tradicionais no estado do Ceará vêm atravessando um momento de mudanças ambientais, influenciadas pelo grande número de novas entrantes no mercado. Este fato gerou uma mudança no posicionamento e no planejamento estratégico dessas Instituições. Assim sendo, analisar o processo de construção e disseminação da missão nas Instituições de Ensino Superior do Ceará, bem como avaliar a frase que representa a declaração da missão corporativa, seguindo um modelo teórico adaptado pelos autores, são os objetivos da presente pesquisa. Após o levantamento de março a maio/2003 das Instituiçõescearenses com missão declarada, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os diretores acadêmicos e aplicados questionários a alunos, professores e funcionários das IES. Verificou-se pouca utilização da missão como função de base auxiliadora nas decisões estratégicas e rara divulgação entre os envolvidos nas organizações. A frase com um número maior de componentes sugeridos pela literatura foi encontrada nas instituições mais antigas e com maior número de alunos.
Especificidades e contribuições das redes informacionais para o desenvolvimento de pequenas e médias empresas no setor de vestuário
Authors: Borges Candido Vieira
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como área de interesse as redes de relacionamento das pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs), mais especificamente os contatos pessoais e institucionais com os quais os empreendedores conseguem informações (redes informacionais). Tendo como objetivo conhecer quais são os componentes das redes informacionais dos empreendedores e qual a contribuição destas redes ao desenvolvimento das PMEs, foi realizado um estudo com quatorze empresas da indústria do vestuário do estado de Goiás. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a análise de múltiplos casos. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os empreendedores contam com uma rede informacional formada por, em média, oito nós. Destes, seis podem ser considerados como nós fortes e dois como nós fracos. Foi possível constatar que as redes proporcionam às PMEs acesso a diferentes tipos de informação, viabilizando, entre outros, aprendizagem, adaptações ao ambiente e inovações.
Proposta de planejamento estratégico para melhorias na gestão de um Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica (NIT)
Authors: Zanuto de Freitas Ingrid , Stocker Lago Sandra Mara , Bulhões Ronaldo
Published: May 2020

Este relato técnico objetivou analisar o atual cenário e propor um planejamento estratégico para o Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica (NIT) da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), com vistas a aprimorar a gestão interna do mesmo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa, em qual, por meio de observação participante, pesquisa documental e entrevistas com o gestor e demais colaboradores, foram elaborados o Canvas, a análise SWOT assim como a missão, visão e objetivos do NIT. Percebe-se que os NITs enfrentam diversos problemas e dificuldades que advêm do governo, das ICTs e do próprio NIT, e, assim, que há fatores que não podem ser controlados pelos NITs, como os problemas que advêm do governo ou das ICTs, mas que há fatores que advêm de problemas internos do próprio NIT e que podem ser amenizados ou melhorados com o aprimoramento da gestão desses departamentos, dando clareza quanto à direção e controle das suas atividades, utilizando-se da aplicação prática de ferramentas estratégicas. Como resultado da intervenção, foram elaboradas as estratégias, metas e indicadores de desempenho, que tiveram como característica comum o objetivo de minimizar os pontos fracos do departamento e suas ameaças e potencializar seus pontos fortes e suas oportunidades. Além do NIT objeto da pesquisa, ressalta-se que o resultado deste estudo pode servir como base e ser adaptado em outros NITs nacionais e internacionais, visto as dificuldades semelhantes enfrentadas por estes departamentos.
STAND-ALONE CERVICAL CAGE FOR CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Martiana I Ketut , Tumbelaka Reyner Valiant
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Cervical radiculopathy is a clinical condition characterized by unilateral arm pain, numbness and tingling in a dermatomal distribution in the hand, and weakness in specific muscle groups that can be treated with nonsurgical or surgical method. This study aims to evaluate the outcome of the stand-alone cervical cage surgical method for cervical radiculopathy in our hospital institution from 2013 to 2017Methods: This is a retrospective observational study on every patient who undergoes a stand-alone cervical cage for cervical radiculopathy in our hospital institution from 2013 to 2017. The study runs from December 2017 until April 2018. We evaluated the clinical outcome with the Neck Disability Index (NDI). The data were collected from medical records, and postoperative follow up is done by house visits, phone calls, and outpatient visits.Results: Five male and one female subjects with a mean age of 58 years old (45–65 years old) underwent the procedure; one patient passed away on three year postoperative due to other events not related to operation procedure;  one patient could no longer be reached. Four patient has an increasing score of  NDI postoperative. There is no postoperative complicationConclusion: Stand-alone cervical cage is an excellent treatment for cervical radiculopathy in our hospital institution from 2013 to 2017.
CONGENITAL PSEUDOARTHROSIS TIBIA IN CHILD WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 TREATED WITH THE COMBINED VASCULARIZED FIBULAR GRAFT AND ELASTIC STABLE INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL (ESIN)
Authors: Bayusentono Sulis , Brevi Putri Trixie
Published: May 2020

Background: CPT is a disorder characterized by a nonunion tibial fracture that occurs spontaneously or after trivial trauma. Therapy usually includes surgical management and aims to gain lifetime bony union, avoid leg length discrepancy, and to prevent mechanical axis deviation, surrounding soft tissue lesion, joint stiffness, and pathological fracture. CPT remains to be a challenging orthopedic issue due to the difficulty to gain and to maintain the union and a functional limb. The combined VFG and ESIN is one of our preferred method in Surabaya.Case: A 13-year-old boy complained about crooked right lower leg since 1-year old, and fractured at 11 years old. In January 2014, the patient underwent ORIF ESIN combined with free VFG. The patient got bony union 24 months after the ORIF ESIN and VFG surgery. RUST modified scoring system showed a score out of 3, which signified that there was a radiographically significant union at the site of tibial pseudoarthrosis.Discussion: The combined VFG and ESIN is to maintain bony union and stability. Intramedullary fixation offers a good tibial alignment and prevents refracture. Hypertrophy and the vitality of VFG support the bony union. The level of success rate in both primary and secondary union is a benefit shown after VFG therapy.Conclusion: The combination of VFG after complete resection of tibial pseudoarthrosis and ESIN in this case report showed a success in achieving and maintaining the bony union, thus this therapy became one of the preferences as a suitable standard therapy that we use in our hospital institution.
BODY IMAGE MAHASISWA GIZI SERTA KAITANNYA DENGAN ASUPAN ENERGI DAN STATUS GIZI
Body Image of Nutrition College Students and its Association with Energy Intake and Nutritional Status

Authors: Zahrah Alifatuz , Muniroh Lailatul
Published: May 2020

Nutrition college students as a representatives in society is required to have ideal and healthy body. Besides aff ected by those demands, body image is also aff ected by nutritional status and energy intake. A good knowledge of nutrition is not always followed by appropriate practices as well as normal nutritional status and average energy intake. This research was aimed to analyze the relationship of energy intake and nutritional status with body image of nutrition college students of Universitas Airlangga. This research was an observational analytic study using cross sectional design. The sample size were 71 nutrition college student, taken by proportional random sampling. The observed variables were body image, energy intake, and nutritional status. Datas were analyzed used the Pearson correlation test, Spearman correlation test, and Chi Square. The results showed that 54.9% of nutrition college students had negative body image perception, normal energy intake (52.1%), and normal nutritional status (67.6%). There was correlation between body image with energy intake (p = 0.007) and nutritional status (p = 0.001). It is concluded that high intake of energy and overweight may leads to negative body image. Nutrition college students should make the right eff ort in achieving their desired ideal body weight through manage their food intake and doing weight monitoring routinely
FAKTOR RISIKO KESEGARAN JASMANI SISWI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 1 PONOROGO
Risk Factors of Physical Fitness among Female Student in Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo High School

Authors: Safitri Ikanov , Wirjatmadi R. Bambang
Published: May 2020

Physical fi tness is the ability of each individual to carry out various daily activities without feeling fatigue. Physical fi tness is useful as a supporting capacity for the physical activity of children therefore it is expected to improve their health and achievement. Factors that infl uence physical fi tness include genetics, age, gender, physical activity, nutritional status, food intake, haemoglobin level, resting time and smoking habits. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors of physical fi tness among female students in Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo High School. This case control study included 50 female students and divided into 25 cases and 25 controls. Chi-Square test was used to analyze the relationships between variables. The results showed that there was an association between protein adequacy (p=0.023) OR = 11.3 and haemoglobin levels (p=0.049) OR = 9.3 with physical fi tness. While the adequacy of iron (p=0.345) did not associated with physical fi tness. Student with low protein adequacy and haemoglobin level have respectively 11.3 and 9.3 times higher risk of having low physical fi tness than student with good protein adequacy and haemoglobin level.
Avant-propos
Authors: MESCHY F. , SAUVANT D. , PINOT P.
Published: May 2020

L’AFTAA, Association Française des Techniciens de l’Alimentation Animale et l’AFZ, Association Française de Zootechnie ont organisé conjointement une journée de formation-information consacrée à la nutrition en phosphore des principales espèces animales d’intérêt zootechnique.*
L’objectif de cette journée a été d’actualiser les connaissances scientifiques tant dans le domaine des besoins nutritionnels des animaux que dans celui de la caractérisation de l’apport alimentaire de phosphore, la dernière manifestation de ce type en France datant de plus de vingt ans.
Ces mises au point ont été complétées par des exposés plus généraux sur les flux de phosphore et l’élaboration industrielle des phosphates alimentaires.
Les thèmes abordés lors de cette journée n’ont pas fait l’objet, à l’époque, d’une productionécrite spécifique. Ce numéro spécial de INRA Productions Animales a le mérite de rassembler la totalité des textes correspondants et constitue en cela un ouvrage de référence original dans la littérature scientifique en nutrition appliquée aux animaux d’élevage.
Nous tenons à exprimer notre reconnaissance aux auteurs (et aux relecteurs) pour avoir accepté ce surcroît de travail nécessaire à une plus large diffusion des informations récentes et originales sur le sujet.
* «Valorisation des connaissances nouvelles sur la nutrition en phosphore des animaux domestiques» INA PG Paris, 29 janvier 2004.
COVID-19: Considerations for Children and Adolescents with Diabetes
Authors: Dayal Devi , Yadav Arti
Published: May 2020

Recent reports suggest that the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in previously healthy children is usually milder as compared to adults. However, children with comorbid conditions such as diabetes are at increased risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. Experience in adults with diabetes shows that they are prone to faster metabolic decompensation, develop diabetes-related complications, and have a poor prognosis when hospitalized with COVID-19. Data on children are limited. The aim of this mini-review is to discuss the possible risks to children and adolescents with diabetes during the current pandemic and the special considerations in management in those affected with COVID-19. The challenges for children who develop new-onset type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 lockdown, especially in accessing healthcare, are also discussed.
Impact of Gross Strap Muscle Invasion on Outcome of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Jia , Wang Peisong , Xue Shuai , Li Jie , Chen Guang
Published: May 2020

Gross strap muscle invasion (gSMI) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) was defined as high-risk recurrent group in the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines. However, controversy persists because several studies suggested gSMI had little effect on disease outcome. Herein, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate impact of gSMI on outcome of DTC. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE) for studies published until February 2020 was performed. Case-control studies and randomized controlled trials that studied the impact of gSMI on outcome of DTC were included. Results: Six studies (all retrospective studies) involving 13639 patients met final inclusion criteria. Compared with no extrathyroidal extension (ETE), patients with gSMI were associated with increased risk of recurrence (P=0.0004,OR, 1.46; 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.80) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P<0.00001,OR 4.19;95% CI. 2.53 to 6.96). For mortality (P=0.34,OR 1.47;95% CI:0.67 to 3.25), ten-year disease-specific survival (P=0.80, OR 0.91;95% CI:0.44 to 1.88) and distant metastasis (DM) (P=0.21, OR 2.94;95% CI. 0.54 to 15.93), there was no significant difference between gSMI and no ETE group. In contrast with maximal ETE, patients with gSMI were associated with decreased risk of recurrence (P<0.0001,OR, 0.58; 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.76) , mortality (P=0.0003,OR 0.20;95% CI:0.08 to 0.48), LNM (P=0.0003,OR 0.64;95% CI. 0.50 to 0.81) and DM (P=0.0009,OR 0.28;95% CI. 0.13 to 0.59). Conclusions: DTC patients with gSMI had a higher risk of recurrence and LNM than those without ETE. However, in contrast with maximal ETE, a much better prognosis was observed in DTC patients with only gSMI. The findings of our meta-analysis provide supportive evidence for the validity of the T category changes in the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer system. The actual impact of gSMI should be re-evaluated and revised in the recurrent risk stratification system in the future.
Implementing Naive Bayes Algorithm for Detecting Spam Emails on Datasets
Authors: GHOSH ARGHA , SENTHILRAJAN A.
Published: May 2020

Email is the most common as well as the fastest medium for communicating around the globe. But, presently every day we used to get lots of junk emails in the name of “spam”. This “spam” emails mainly used to contain two types of content, those are content like an advertisement, offers and, criminal activity content like a phishing website link, malware, trojan, etc. Those advertisements, offer types of spam or junk emails known as Unsolicited Commercial Emails and, those emails contain phishing website link, malware, trojan used to known as Unsolicited Bulk Emails. Whoever used to send spam emails, they are known as Spammers. Spammers mainly used to get the email address of target user from the websites, junk sites, browsers add on, etc. Naive Bayes algorithm is a probabilistic machine learning algorithm that mainly well-known for classifying spam emails. Naive Bayes algorithm mainly originated from Bayes Theorem. Bayes Theorem mainly used in conditional probability for elaborates the probability of an event in terms of when the probability of other event is true. In this research work, we have been performing Feature Extraction in terms of email characteristics and behavior. In this paper, we have been proposed a detection approach for classifying spam emails using Naïve Bayes classifier. In this research work, we have been used multiple email data-sets for implementing Naïve Bayes classifier. Those data sets are Spam Corpus, Spambase. Based on the results of WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) tool, we have been performing Experimental analysis in terms of measuring the performance of Naïve Bayes classifier using parameters like Accuracy, Recall, Precision, F-measure. Based on correctly classified instances of emails and incorrectly classified instances of emails, lastly comparing the performance of Naïve Bayes classifier in multiple data sets.
An Extensive Review of Health and Economy of Bangladesh Amid Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mohiuddin Abdul Kader
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 has affected 212 countries around the world, killing nearly 300,000 and infecting more than 4.4 million by May 14, 2020. Bangladesh, a South Asian low-middle-income economy, has experienced a demographic and epidemiological transition with rapid urbanization and a gradual increase in life expectancy. It is the seventh most populous country in the world and population of the country is expected to be nearly double by 2050. The increasing burden of communicable diseases in Bangladesh can be attributable to rapid urbanization and nearly 50% of all slum dwellers of the country live in Dhaka division. In 2017, National Rapid Response Team of IEDCR investigated 26 incidents of disease outbreak. The joint survey of the Power and Participation Research Centre and BRAC Institute of Governance and Development reveals that per capita daily income of urban slum and rural poor drops by 80% due to present countrywide shutdown enforced by the government to halt the spread of Covid-19. 40%-50% of these population took loans to meet the daily expenses. However, the country has just 127,000 hospital beds, 91,000 of them in government-run hospitals. Researchers say, the country’s economy is economy is losing BDT 33 billion every day from its service and agriculture sectors during the nationwide shutdown.
Combining landslide susceptibility maps and rainfall thresholds using a matrix approach
Authors: Benni THIEBES , Shibiao BAI , Yanan XI , Thomas GLADE , Rainer BELL
Published: May 2020

On the regional scale, investigations on future landslide can broadly be distinguished in spatial or temporal analyses, i.e. landslide susceptibility or hazard maps, and landslide triggering rainfall thresholds. Even though both approaches have its uses e.g. in spatial planning, risk management and early warning, they also have limitations. Susceptibility and hazard maps do not contain information on when landslides will be triggered, while rainfall thresholds give no detailed indication on where a landslide might take place. The combination of spatial and temporal landslide research remains a complex issue and no ready-to-use methodology for combined spatiotemporal landslide analyses is presently available. In our study, we present a simple matrix approach to combine spatial and temporal landslide probabilities and highlight its application for a case study in the Wudu region, China. Landslide susceptibility mapping is based on a previous study involving logistic regression; the analysis of rainfall threshold was carried out applying the daily rainfall model. A 4x4 matrix was used to combine and reclassify the spatial and temporal landslide information. The results are then plotted on a map to highlight the susceptibility for rainfall events with varying likelihood of triggering landslides.
Application of the SHALSTAB model for the identification of areas susceptible to landslides: Brazilian case studies.
Authors: Tiago Damas MARTINS , Bianca Carvalho VIEIRA , Nelson Ferreira FERNANDES , Chisato OKAFIORI , David R. MONTGOMERY
Published: May 2020

Since the 1960s, catastrophic and generalized events of hazardous mass movements caused millions of dollars in economic losses and resulted in thousands of fatalities and homelessness in Brazil. To understand these processes and attempt to predict them, mathematical models have been utilized world-wide describing the physics of the process through mathematical equations. The objective of this study was to present two areas widely affected by shallow landslides where the SHALSTAB model was applied to understand the process and to predict potentially unstable areas in several hydrographic basins. Simulations utilized the types of distinct data that were available in each area. From both areas, geotechnical data collected in the field, topographical data from digital topographical maps and Digital Terrain Models (DTM) from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) were utilized. Susceptibility maps were validated using two indexes, scar concentration (SC) and landslide potential (LP), based on landslides that occurred in 1985 and 2011. Both indexes showed satisfactory results given that the unconditionally unstable category described more than 45% of the landslide events, and the LP index displayed the highest values for the most unstable categories.
Mid and Late Holocene evolution of Brateș Lake region (Danube floodplain) based on the multiproxy analysis
Authors: ȚUȚUIANU Laurențiu , VESPREMEANU–STROE Alfred , PENDEA Florin , SAVA Tiberiu
Published: May 2020

This study proposes a local paleo–landscape reconstruction of the Danube floodplain based on a stratigraphic sequence retrieved from Brateș Lake which, by its emplacement near the confluence of Danube – Prut rivers, was fully receptive to changes associated to hydrological, geomorphological or anthropogenic driven events. Due to its intermediate position within the Lower Danube valley Brateș Lake is a proxy for the evolution of Cotul Dunării area (the region of Danube valley turning from S–N to W–E direction) and provide valuable information about the timing of Danube river advancement to the Black Sea after its reconnection to World Ocean. The sediments were analysed to get the history of their deposition by means of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating, grain–size parameters, organic matter and carbonate content, magnetic susceptibility together with paleo–fauna and pollen content which altogether led to the identification of main stages: i) delta front advance into Danube estuary (before 8000 BP), ii) shoreline foreshore deposits which describe shoreline position (8000–7900 yrs BP), iii) river floodplain development (7900–5300/5000 yrs BP), iv) lake formation (5300/5000 yrs BP – present).
Simplifying a deltaic labyrinth: anthropogenic imprint on river deltas
Authors: CONSTANTINESCU Ștefan , TĂNĂSESCU Mihnea
Published: May 2020

The information contained by historical maps provides a good source of understanding the complex transformation of a deltaic environment by human activity. Using the Danube delta as an example, here we show that a  artographic diagnosis for river deltas is based on four main steps that outline the learning stages for every similar area: 1) exploring coasts (for the early stages of the portolan and Ptolemaic maps); 2) exploring depths (for the succeeding imperial and military maps which focused on the access along the deltaic distributaries); 3) exploring deltaic networks (when economic and ecological reasons led to detailed topographic maps based on field measurements and aerial photos); 4) ecological protectionism (when ecological reasons dictate land use patterns and determine land use change). This synopsis is applicable to other river deltas with some adaptations imposed by the local context. We interpret the four stages in the description of the Delta as resting on and further reinforcing the power of the centre to dictate the uses of the periphery. We further argue that the way the territory is lived by local inhabitants is continuously marginalized and effaced. This stands in the way of future adaptive strategies.
Developing a neuro–fuzzy system to classify drainage sub-basins according to erosion processes on the Island of Lefkas, Greece
Authors: EVELPIDOU Niki , GOURNELOS Theodoros , KARKANI Anna , KARDARA Eirini
Published: May 2020

In this paper we attempt to classify drainage sub-basins according to their erosion risk. We have adopted a multistep procedure to face this problem. The input variables were introduced into a GIS – platform. These variables were the vulnerability of the surface rocks to erosion, topographic variations, vegetation cover, land use and drainage basin characteristics. We constructed a fuzzy inference mechanism to pre-process the input variables. Next we used neural–network technology to process the input variables. The system was trained to ‘learn’ and classify the input data. The output of this procedure was a classification of the sub-drainage basins related to their risk of erosion. This neuro–fuzzy system was applied to the island of Lefkas (Greece).
Submarine-fan development revealed by integrated high-resolution datasets from La Jolla Fan, offshore California, U.S.A.
Authors: Maier Katherine L. , Paull Charles K. , Caress David W. , Anderson Krystle , Nieminski Nora M. , Lundsten Eve , Erwin Benjamin E. , Gwiazda Roberto , Fildani Andrea
Published: May 2020

New high-resolution datasets across La Jolla submarine fan, offshore California, illuminate low-relief, down-dip widening conduits emanating from a deep-sea channel that deposited a combination of laterally extensive sand strata seemingly crisscrossed by distributary patterns. Extensive coverage of this sector of the seafloor shows submarine-fan architecture and morphologies essentially different than distributary channelized patterns characteristic of subaerial systems and previous conceptual models of submarine fans. The main La Jolla channel, connected to La Jolla Canyon, loses confinement by widening, decreasing in relief, and developing scoured margins across kilometers-long down-slope and lateral distances. Two scales of distributary patterns are associated with sand-rich deposits down-system from, and outside of, fully formed channels. A larger-scale distributary pattern is identified in backscatter and bathymetry from trains of preferential erosion associated with laterally continuous repetitive steps that extend for kilometers outside channel confinement and may represent net erosional upper-flow-regime transitional bedforms. Smaller-scale distributary backscatter patterns in unconfined sand-rich deposits originate from the wide, low-relief channel. We suggest that the newly imaged La Jolla seascape displays sedimentary features that may be common on deep-sea fans but missed in previous lower resolution studies of submarine fans. Thus, La Jolla provides the basis for integrating previously enigmatic and (or) incomplete images of submarine fans. High-resolution seafloor, subsurface, and sample datasets highlight the importance of channel widening, headward erosion, and unconfined flows in La Jolla submarine-fan development, and may be relevant to other sandy submarine fan systems.
Aplicação do método de custeio baseado em atividade e tempo (TDABC) em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência de Idosos (ILPI)
Authors: Roithmann Rafaela , Ruschel Karen , Etges Ana Paula
Published: May 2020

Objetivos: O envelhecimento da população brasileira é caracterizado por ser um processo progressivo e crescente. A necessidade de gerenciamento econômico robusto dos serviços disponibilizados à saúde do idoso torna-se imprescindível. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estrutura de gestão de custos de uma Instituição de Longa Permanência de Idosos (ILPI). Métodos: As orientações para a aplicação do método de custeio baseado em atividade e tempo (TDABC) foram utilizadas como método de análise de custos. Os dados dos anos de 2018 e 2019 foram considerados para formar as análises e viabilizar a compreensão dos diferentes graus de consumo de recursos, durante o ciclo de cuidados da ILPI. Resultados: A aplicação da metodologia estimou o custo unitário de cada residente considerando o seu grau de dependência devido a sua condição clínica. Pôde-se identificar pontos de melhorias gerenciais, com ênfase na revisão da alocação das capacidades de hospedagem. Conclusões: O TDABC, como uma metodologia de fácil aplicação para estruturação dos custos relacionados a cada paciente, traz resultados oportunos para a melhor gestão e otimização de recursos em organizações de saúde. Sugere-se para trabalhos futuros a aplicação de um estudo de precificação dos serviços da ILPI, de modo que essa possa pautar os valores de mensalidades cobradas em bases mais sólidas.
Custo-minimização da troca entre imunoglobulinas de diferentes vias e marcas: sustentabilidade relacionada ao tratamento na saúde suplementar
Authors: Netto Harli , Ramires Yohanna , Aguiar Bianca , Lind Jolline , Gajardo Priscila , Ramos Moacir , Rocha Jaime Luis
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar custo-minimização da troca entre as versões intravenosa (IVIg) e subcutânea (SCIg) das imunoglobulinas (Ig) em operadora de saúde com mais de 500.000 vidas. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, transversal, descritivo, seguido de custo-minimização entre os pacientes que utilizaram IVIg, de 1º de outubro de 2018 a 30 de setembro de 2019. Simulou-se a troca entre as IVIg e SCIg, objetivando descrever a economia de uma hipotética substituição. Estabeleceram-se como critérios de exclusão: o não pagamento e a liberação com dose acima de 60.000 mg. Após exclusão, calcularam-se as despesas totais, somando-se os custos do produto e taxas de infusão. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que 133 pacientes, totalizando 1.175 liberações, utilizaram IVIg no período avaliado. Identificou-se a utilização de 34.797.500 mg de IVIg, por 10 especialidades, totalizando R$ 12.408.192,50 de despesas. Quando aplicada simulação, há uma potencial economia de recursos de até 29,83%, dependendo da SCIg escolhida. Conclusão: A análise econômica no tratamento com imunoglobulinas evidenciou significativa relevância, pois contribui com o uso adequado da terapêutica garantindo a sustentabilidade do sistema de saúde. Medicamentos subcutâneos apresentam-se como uma opção custo-minimizatória em comparação ao tratamento intravenoso para saúde suplementar brasileira.
Custo-efetividade do erlotinibe comparado ao gefitinibe para CPNPC com mutações EGFR no Inca
Authors: Miguel Juliana , Araujo Luiz Henrique , Costa Rodrigo
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: O câncer de pulmão (CP), segundo dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde, é a neoplasia mais frequente e mais letal em homens e a segunda nas mulheres em todo o mundo. O CP compreende vários tipos histológicos, incluindo câncer de pulmão de pequenas células e os diferentes tipos de câncer de pulmão de não pequenas células (CPNPC). Esse subtipo representa cerca de 80% dos casos e compreende principalmente o adenocarcinoma. A terapia de escolha para tratamento de CPNPC com mutação no receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR) são os inibidores de tirosina quinase (ITKs), como erlotinibe e gefitinibe. Neste artigo avaliamos o custo-efetividade do erlotinibe comparado ao gefitinibe no tratamento de CPNPC. Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise de custo-efetividade sob a perspectiva de um hospital federal do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Em um modelo de árvore de decisão, foram aplicados os desfechos de efetividade e segurança dos ITKs. Os dados clínicos foram extraídos de prontuários e os custos diretos, consultados em fontes oficiais do Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: O custo de 10 meses de tratamento, englobando o valor dos ITKs, procedimentos e manejo de eventos adversos, foi de R$ 63.266,76 para o erlotinibe e de R$ 39.594,72 para o gefitinibe. Os medicamentos apresentaram efetividade estatisticamente equivalente e diferença estatisticamente significativa para o desfecho de segurança, no qual o gefitinibe obteve melhor resultado. Conclusão: O gefitinibe, nesse contexto, é a tecnologia dominante quando os custos de tratamento são associados aos de manejo de eventos adversos.