bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subject-generated environments as the basis for the formation of a personal-developing digital educational environment
Authors: Litvin Dmitrii Vladimirovich , Mangasarova Lyudmila Anatol'evna
Published: April 2023

The article discusses the features of the formation of a personality-developing educational environment in the context of global digitalization. The concept of the digital educational environment (hereinafter referred to as the DSP) is revealed in the context of its personality–developing nature, the basic scheme of the functioning of the subject-generated environments in the digital educational environment is substantiated, the factors determining the personality-developing potential of the digital educational environment are highlighted, as well as the features of the teacher's activity on the formation of the developing environment by digital means in the refraction of traditions and innovations. The traditional understanding of the educational environment is undergoing a significant transformation due to digitalization. The study showed that the formation of a developing digital educational environment should be carried out with a mandatory emphasis on the subject-generated characteristics of the environment, resolving the contradiction between the multiplicity and openness of potentially developing resources, on the one hand, and the uncertainty, non-obviousness of the results of interaction of subjects, on the other hand.For the teacher, the digital educational environment acts as a discrete education, whereas for the student it is a single structured digital space (a single environment). The activity of a teacher on the formation of a developing environment by digital means, giving it developing functions are associated with pedagogical competence to fill the environment with appropriate situational and event content, contributing to the generation of environments in education by students themselves and filling them with authentic meaning. The specified competencies of the teacher depend on the completeness of the theoretical understanding of the peculiarities of the emergence of subject-generated environments in the digital educational environment. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time a personality-developing digital educational environment is considered through the concept of subject-generated environments, which brings the student's personality to the center of relevant educational projects. The development of the student's personality in the DSP is a multifactorial and open subject-dependent process with a variability of resources for self-change, the research attitude to which corresponds to the post-non-classical stage of the development of science.
Mechanism of low-temperature helical streamer discharge driven by pulsed electromagnetic field
Authors: Zou Dan-Dan , Tu Chen-Sheng , Hu Ping-Zi , Li Chun-Hua , Qian Mu-Yang ,   East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China,   Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China,   Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
Published: April 2023

Under the condition of specific pulsed discharge parameters, the discharge mode conversion of the low-temperature plasma jet discharge channel that originally propagates along a straight line will occur, forming a three-dimensional helical plasma channel. Unlike the traditional helical wave discharge, there are no factors such as an external constant magnetic field that destroys the poloidal symmetry of the dielectric tube, and the chiral direction of the helical streamer will change with the discharge parameters. In order to understand in depth the electromagnetic mechanism of the helical structure in the plasma jet, and the source and influencing factors of the poloidal electric field that leads to the helical shape and determines the chirality in this new type of discharge, we analyze the complex characteristics and electromagnetic mechanism of the helical streamer, such as the chiral direction, pitch, branching, by establishing a self-consistent plasma theoretical model. It is found that the phase of the poloidal wave mode has an effect on the chiral selection of the helical streamer, that the electron density has an influence on the pitch of the streamer, and that the repetition frequency has an effect on the bifurcation point. The above discharge characteristics and their influencing factors are of scientific significance in exploring the interaction mechanism of electromagnetic wave and plasma, and also in providing experimental and theoretical support for the chiral application of low-temperature plasma.
How avian influenza viruses spill over to mammals
Authors: Barbachano-Guerrero Arturo , Perez Daniel R , Sawyer Sara L
Published: April 2023

The H3N2 canine influenza virus – which originally came from birds – is evolving to become more transmissible between dogs.
Augmenting healthy brain magnetic resonance images using generative adversarial networks
Authors: Alrumiah Sarah S. , Alrebdi Norah , Ibrahim Dina M.
Published: April 2023

Machine learning applications in the medical sector face a lack of medical data due to privacy issues. For instance, brain tumor image-based classification suffers from the lack of brain images. The lack of such images produces some classification problems, i.e., class imbalance issues which can cause a bias toward one class over the others. This study aims to solve the imbalance problem of the “no tumor” class in the publicly available brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset. Generative adversarial network (GAN)-based augmentation techniques were used to solve the imbalance classification problem. Specifically, deep convolutional GAN (DCGAN) and single GAN (SinGAN). Moreover, the traditional-based augmentation techniques were implemented using the rotation method. Thus, several VGG16 classification experiments were conducted, including (i) the original dataset, (ii) the DCGAN-based dataset, (iii) the SinGAN-based dataset, (iv) a combination of the DCGAN and SinGAN dataset, and (v) the rotation-based dataset. However, the results show that the original dataset achieved the highest accuracy, 73%. Additionally, SinGAN outperformed DCGAN by a significant margin of 4%. In contrast, experimenting with the non-augmented original dataset resulted in the highest classification loss value, which explains the effect of the imbalance issue. These results provide a general view of the effect of different image augmentation techniques on enlarging the healthy brain dataset.
The importance of combining serological testing with RT-PCR assays for efficient detection of COVID-19 and higher diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Alamri Sawsan S. , Alsaieedi Ahdab , Khouqeer Yousef , Afeef Marwah , Alharbi Samiyah , Algaissi Abdullah , Alghanmi Maimonah , Altorki Tarfa , Zawawi Ayat , Alfaleh Mohamed A. , Hashem Anwar M. , Alhabbab Rowa
Published: April 2023

Misdiagnosing suspected COVID-19 individuals could largely contribute to the viruses transmission, therefore, making an accurate diagnosis of infected subjects vital in minimizing and containing the disease. Although RT-PCR is the standard method in detecting COVID-19, it is associated with some limitations, including possible false negative results. Therefore, serological testing has been suggested as a complement assay to RT-PCR to support the diagnosis of acute infections. In this study, 15 out of 639 unvaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) were tested negative for COVID-19 by RT-PCR and were found seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. These participants underwent additional confirmatory RT-PCR and SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific ELISA tests. Of the 15 individuals, nine participants were found negative by second RT-PCR but seropositive for anti-spike IgM and IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies confirming their acute infection. At the time of collection, these nine individuals were in close contact with COVID-19-confirmed patients, with 77.7% reporting COVID-19-related symptoms. These results indicate that including serological tests in the current testing profile can provide better outcomes and help contain the spread of the virus by increasing diagnostic accuracy to prevent future outbreaks rapidly.
Un enfoque sociocultural y ecológico para planificar una restauración integral de bosques ribereños en el sur de Chile
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Lucero Salazar Tania Angélica
Published: April 2023

Los ecosistemas ribereños son esenciales para el bienestar humano en paisajes silvoagropecuarios. Contribuyen a servicios tangibles (suelo, agua, alimentos y medicinas) e intangibles (estética, recreación y religioso). Sin embargo, las actividades silvoagropecuarias han causado deforestación y degradación de los ecosistemas ribereños. Mediante un enfoque sociocultural, es posible planificar una restauración de un paisaje sustentable que se alinea con las necesidades de los propietarios. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la importancia sociocultural y ecológica de especies leñosas para planificar restauración ribereña. Estudiamos la cuenca del Toltén en el sur de Chile, un paisaje culturalmente diverso con una larga historia de agricultura. Aplicamos cuestionarios a 45 propietarios sobre usos tradicionales y manejo de árboles para identificar especies prioritarias de importancia sociocultural. Como resultado, identificamos cinco especies prioritarias, siendo la más importante el roble (Nothofagus obliqua; índice de importancia de Smith =0,62), un árbol dominante del bosque templado andino y utilizado frecuentemente para leña. Luego, desarrollamos cuatro indicadores para caracterizar las comunidades vegetacionales de 98 sitios en base a características socioculturales y ecológicas. Nuestros índices mostraron que los sitios con mejores condiciones ecológicas tendían a tener más especies con importancia sociocultural. Finalmente, integramos estos indicadores para clasificar los sitios de referencia. Determinamos seis sitios que tenían una gran importancia sociocultural y ecológica (ej., riqueza de especies nativas, densidad del sotobosque y dosel). Seleccionar sitios de referencia socioecológicos puede ayudar a definir objetivos que sean tanto ecológica como socialmente restaurativos y, en consecuencia, mejorar la eficacia a largo plazo de los programas de restauración.
Medición de habilidades de lenguaje y comunicación de niños y niñas que ingresan a primero básico
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Pacheco Jara Ingrid Braulia
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de esta indagación es diseñar y construir un instrumento que mida las habilidades de lenguaje y comunicaciones que posee el estudiantado al ingresar a primer año básico, las cuales son necesarias para la adquisición de la lectoescritura. El instrumento cuenta con 52 ítems, los cuales se dividen en dos dimensiones: escritura y lenguaje verbal, los cuales se basan en lo planteado en la teoría indagada. El pilotaje del instrumento se realizó a 117 estudiantes, todos ellos hombres, que ingresaron a primer año básico. Para la validación de las puntuaciones del instrumento se expondrán evidencia de validez, confiabilidad, parámetros de los ítems y ecuanimidad. Los resultados muestran que los parámetros de los ítems se comportan según lo esperado, ya que, si bien la mayoría de ellos se encuentra en la categoría de fáciles, esto se esperaba, debido a que se están midiendo habilidades que se adquieren en el nivel de educación Parvularia, así como también, los que tienen un alto nivel de dificultad son aquellos que tributan a habilidades superiores que se desarrollaran durante el primer año de enseñanza básica. En relación a la confiabilidad, los índices en general son adecuados para el propósito del instrumento, el cual no es de altas consecuencias. En cuanto a la validez de la estructura interna del instrumento, los análisis de las puntuaciones indican que dos de los criterios de bondad de ajuste cumplen con los parámetros establecidos. Finalmente, se realizarán sugerencias para que en un próximo pilotaje se obtengan mejores y más robustas evidencias de validez.
Modelamiento de fases diluidas de lahares para la determinación de zonas de inundación y su aplicación en mapas de peligros volcánicos : caso de estudio : Volcán Villarrica (39°S), Chile
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Geografía, Oliva Vicentelo Pablo Sebastián
Published: April 2023

Los lahares son uno de los peligros volcánicos más relevantes, responsables de pérdidas humanas y materiales en todo el mundo. Los métodos existentes para mapear las zonas de peligro de lahar incluyen herramientas de modelado con diferentes enfoques (empírico, físico, probabilístico) y se enfocan en la fase rica en detritos siendo menos versátiles en su aplicación a la fase diluida. Esta última caracteriza la sección frontal del flujo y, aunque es menos destructiva de la infraestructura física, es responsable de la inundación de áreas bajas en los abanicos aluviales, lugar donde habitualmente se encuentran los asentamientos humanos. El volcán Villarrica (Chile), en la Zona Volcánica Andina Sur (33 °-46 ° S), es uno de los volcanes más activos de América del Sur y reconocido como un generador de lahares. En efecto, una caldera anidada en el edificio volcánico alberga un glaciar con potencial de derretirse en erupciones de alta tasa de efusión, con la consiguiente activación de lahares río abajo, alcanzando áreas pobladas del entorno en los últimos siglos. La localidad de Pucón, por ejemplo, se encuentra en la zona que podría ser afectada por la fase diluida de lahares que descarguen por la quebrada del Zanjón Seco y por lo tanto el conjunto constituye un caso de estudio apropiado. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del modelado numérico de las fases distal-diluidas de los flujos de lahar en el flanco norte del volcán Villarrica, obtenidos mediante el uso de herramientas geomáticas con el propósito de contribuir al fortalecimiento de las metodologías empleadas en la producción de mapas de peligro volcánico. La fase diluida no es considerada en la metodología vigente y consecuentemente se subestima su peligro. En este trabajo se modeló inicialmente el lahar de la erupción del 3 de marzo 2015 utilizando la herramienta web LaharFlow. Se calibraron los parámetros con las características observadas de ese evento (descarga, concentración de sedimentos, altura de la ola) y se implementó la simulación sobre diferentes modelos de elevación para probar la sensibilidad de la resolución y precisión de la topografía digital. Los resultados muestran que el área de inundación observada del lahar de marzo de 2015 está bien reproducida por la simulación. Por ejemplo, la altura máxima de ola alcanzada durante el evento de 2015 tiene en promedio diferencias submétricas con respecto a la simulación, lo que se considera un buen ajuste. Además, la herramienta permite distinguir diferentes tipos del flujo lahárico (hiperconcentrado, de detritos, fases diluidas) y su aplicación fue probada para diferentes escenarios eruptivos, varios de ellos más severos que el evento de 2015. Los resultados muestran que las áreas pobladas cercanas podrían verse afectadas por fases diluidas, incluso con erupciones de baja magnitud.
Adaptación y validación del test actitudes hacia la terapia por internet (E-therapy attitudes measure, ETAM)
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Jofré Bolarin Andrés Ignacio
Published: April 2023

En el último tiempo en Chile, los enfoques de salud mental y apoyo social han realizado un llamado a desarrollar adaptaciones en el trabajo psicoterapéutico de acuerdo con las necesidades de cada población. Así, desde el MINSAL (2017) se estaría trabajando para implementar estrategias relacionadas a la telemedicina, puesto que esta sería una metodología que entrega una respuesta más costo efectiva y de calidad a las personas. En cuanto a la telemedicina se ha destacado que las actitudes que mantienen los individuos respecto a este estilo de trabajo permitirían aprovechar el máximo potencial de estos procesos psicoterapéuticos. Así, en Alemania, que ha estado avanzando en las regulaciones de estas prácticas, Apolinário-Hagen y cols (2018b) habrían desarrollado el “e-therapy attitudes measure (ETAM)”, con el fin de evaluar las actitudes que tenía la población alemana respecto a este procedimiento. Chile aun no contaría con regulaciones sobre estas prácticas. El objetivo de este trabajo será: traducir, adaptar y validar el cuestionario Actitudes hacia la Terapia por Internet (e-therapy attitudes measure, ETAM) para la población chilena, para así poner a disposición un instrumento que permita evaluar el grado de aceptación de estas modalidades de atención intermediadas por las tecnologías, específicamente la teleterapia psicológica. La muestra estuvo constituida por 173 participantes con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 60 años. Mediante análisis de contenido, se desarrolló la traducción de los 17 ítems. Luego, a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se constató que la estructura factorial de 2 dimensiones (utilidad y comparabilidad) se ajusta al comportamiento observado en la población chilena. Por otra parte, respecto al análisis de criterio no se hallaron las relaciones esperadas con las variables referidas a apego, estrés percibido y depresión.
Cambios espectrales y reactividad de homólogos de azacumarina en sistemas supramoleculares basados en ciclodextrinas y cucurbiturilos
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Química, Alcázar Jiménez Jackson José
Published: April 2023

Las ciclodextrinas (CDs) y cucurbiturilos (CBs) son moléculas anfitrionas, relativamente solubles en agua con cavidades descritas como hidrofóbicas. Aunque la polaridad en la cavidad de las CDs y CBs es similar, sus diferencias estructurales y dimensionales han producido variaciones en su funcionalidad en términos de reactividad y selectividad. En este contexto, este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo general, evaluar los comportamientos espectrales y la reactividad frente a la reacción de hidrólisis para una serie de aza-cumarinas sustituidas en presencia y ausencia de CDs y CBs. Para ello, cinco homólogos de 7-(dialquilamino)aza-cumarina 3-sustituidas (DAAS) fueron sintetizados y caracterizados satisfactoriamente por RMN, ESI-HRMS e IR. Luego tales sustratos fueron estudiados espectroscópicamente en solución acuosa en ausencia y presencia de β-CD, DM-β-CD, γ-CD y CB7. Los resultados mostraron, que las propiedades espectrales de las DAAS sintetizadas y sus reactividades frente a la reacción de hidrólisis pueden ser afectadas según la naturaleza del macrociclo empleado, siendo el CB7 y la DM-β-CD los macrociclos más influyentes en los resultados cinéticos de este trabajo. Entre los resultados destacan: grandes efectos batocrómicos (4500cm-1) y desactivación total de la emisión de las DAAS, atribuido a la protonación del nitrógeno heterocíclico del sustrato tras su inclusión en CB7. También destaca un aumento de hasta 5,5 veces en el rendimiento cuántico de las DAAS en presencia de DM-β-CD. En términos de reactividad, el DM-β-CD y el CB7 produjeron efectos de inhibición significativos frente a la reacción de hidrólisis en medio ácido para el DAAS de tipo base de Schiff (DMSB), con diferentes constantes de asociación 3x103 y 2x105 M-1, respectivamente. Finalmente, para dilucidar el efecto de inhibición, un estudio cinético en imino-cumarinas (IC) fue llevado a cabo, de tal manera que, un modelo cinético general para la hidrólisis ácida de iminas, en presencia de CB7, fue propuesto.
Snakebite – the most ignored way to die
Authors: Johnson Robert
Published: April 2023

Snakebite envenoming was recently included in the World Health Organisation's (WHO) list of 20 most neglected tropical diseases. These 20 conditions are a diverse group of diseases which affect or occur mainly in impoverished communities and tend to impact more upon women and children. It is estimated that every year almost 500,000 people are maimed, permanently injured, or disabled by snakebite envenoming. The WHO has set a roadmap for the prevention, reduction, and control of snakebite envenoming, aiming to reduce snakebite deaths and disability by 50% before 2030. An overview of the global impact of snakebite envenoming is given concluding with a report of snakebite envenoming in an Australian veterinarian.
Antibacterial Activity of Lawsonia inermis Leaf Extracts against Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Infected Wounds
Authors: Idris A. H. , Haruna Z. , Iliyasu M. Y. , Sahal M. R. , Inusa T. , Salisu A. , Isma’il S. , Umar R. D. , Kabeer Z. M. , Tahir H. , Musa H. S. , Umar A. F.
Published: April 2023

Background: Wound infection comprises numerous different organisms that have the ability to surface colonization of wounds. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the pathogenic bacteria associated with wound infections.

Aim: This study isolated and identified multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected wounds and determine the antibacterial activity of Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts against it.

Design: This is a Clinical and laboratory-based study involving patients with defined cases of wound infections.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Microbiology (Bacteriology) laboratory of Specialist Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria, from February to November 2021.

Methods: Twenty-eight (28) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were recovered from 179 wound swabs using standard laboratory procedures and were screened for multidrug-resistant patterns according to the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Antibacterial efficacy of the aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic leaf extracts of Lawsonia inermis was tested against the multidrug-resistant isolates using agar well diffusion techniques. The zone of inhibition was measured and the differences between means were statistically analyzed (p<0.05).

Results: A total of twenty-eight (28) multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were confirmed, showing resistance to Amoxicillin (64.3%), Ceftazidime (85.71%), and Cefotaxime (78.57%) but sensitivity to Imipenem (95.5%). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, and tannins among others. MDR P. aeruginosa was inhibited at varied concentrations of the extracts with the diameter mean zone of inhibition increasing as the concentration increased. The Methanol extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa with a mean zone of inhibition of 9.500±0.288mm at 400mg/ml.

Conclusion: These results indicated that Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts possess antibacterial activities on Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa which could be a good source for the production of plant-based antibacterial drugs., although somewhat less than the synthetic standard drugs (Imipenem) having a mean of 13.83±0.288mm.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on the Morphology, Flowering, Maturity, Yield Attributes, and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L. Medik.)
Authors: Prasad Janki , Tripathi D.K. , Rawat Deepak Kumar , Kumar Manoj , Prajapati Sunil Kumar , Prajapati Bimlesh Kumar
Published: April 2023

Comprehensively, nutrient deficiencies in humans and animals are a quiet epidemic in many underdeveloped nations. Nutrient deficiencies in humans and animals are a global problem in most developing countries. Lentil is one of the most important and nutritious Rabi pulse in India. It’s a leguminous crop that improves the soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. In this contest an experiment was conducted to study the enhancement of plant growth, chlorophyll content, flowering, yield and seed protein content by plant growth regulators in DPL-62 lentil (Lens culinaris L. Medik) variety during two Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD). Five growth regulators viz. triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), gibberellic acid  (GA3), cytokinin, indole acetic acid (IAA), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were used in Eleven treatments were tested T1: Control, T2: 25 ppm TIBA, T3: 50 ppm TIBA, T4: 25 ppm GA3, T5: 50 ppm GA3, T6: 5 ppm Cytokinin, T7: 10 ppm Cytokinin, T8: 25 ppm IAA, T9: 50 ppm IAA, T10:  25 ppm NAA, T11: 50 ppm NAA. The results revealed that the maximum plant height (38.12 & 38.15 cm at harvest) was obtained by the 50 ppm GA3 followed by 50 ppm IAA (37.00 & 38.10 cm at harvest) spray at all stages. However, the 50 ppm TIBA showed better results (per plant) viz., number of branches (15.00, 15.33 at 110DAS), leaf area (86.50, 86.32 at 110DAS), number of pods (160.20, 160.37), pod setting (65.45, 65.50%), seed weight  (2.02, 2.10g), test weight (27.32, 27.39g) and seed yield (1500.00, 1510.00 kg ha-1) of lentil as compared to all other treatments. The maximum days of flowering (67.50, 67.85) and days of maturity. On the basis of the observed results the growing of DPL-60 lentil variety with foliar applications of 50 ppm TIBA is recommended for the farmers of the test area for greater production and profitability.
Energy Intensity and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Dynamic Panel Approach
Authors: Olusegun Atoyebi Kehinde , Abari Ogunsona , Yetunde O. Adeyanju , Kareem Salami Dada
Published: April 2023

The study examined the impact of energy intensity in sub-Saharan Africa from 1970 to 2019.The study broke sub-Saharan Africa into regional bloc since there may be policy variation across the regional bloc of SSA. A dynamic panel data approach was employed to unravel the relationship between energy intensity and economic growth. The study conducted a panel unit root Test to confirm the stationarity of the series. The results of the unit root showed that the Levinlin and Chu statistics with their corresponding p-values in reference to each variable is smaller than the alpha value at 10%. A post estimation test was also conducted using a dynamic panel approach via the system GMM. The result of the system GMM showed a robust negative correlation between energy intensity and economic growth in SSA and all its regional bloc. The coefficient of energy intensity is highly insignificant which implies that reductions in energy intensity are not linked to higher GDP growth. This is evident from the coefficient of the lag values of energy intensity of one period value of -3.321. The rationale for negative correlation might be connected to common patterns of structural change, paired with rising after tax energy price. The study, therefore recommend that energy conservation should be a focus in SSA as a whole and its regional bloc since this would promote economic growth.
Trans Mamminasata Bus Service Coverage Area in Corridors 2 and 3, Indonesia, using Network Analysis
Authors: Ridwan Vita Fajriani , Hasanuddin Haeril Abdi , Sarif Sarif
Published: April 2023

This study examines issues related to the Trans Mamminasata Bus/Teman Bus, Indonesia, particularly in Corridors 2 and 3. Using primary and secondary data obtained from a survey, this study explores the service coverage area for three facilities (housing facilities, government and educational infrastructures) along the Corridors 2 and 3 using network analysis in Quantum GIS (QGIS). Two variables, pedestrian distance (400 meters) and cyclist distance (2000 meters), were applied in this study. The results showed that Corridor 2 served 86 infrastructures for the pedestrian distance variable and 367 infrastructures for the cyclist distance variable, while Corridor 3 served 89 infrastructures for the pedestrian distance variable and 217 infrastructures for the cyclist distance variable. The study found that the total service coverage area along Corridors 2 and 3 is wider for cyclists than for pedestrians. Moreover, this study highlights the presence of urban sprawl in the regions served by both Corridors.
Developement of Multifunction PCM Recorder for Telemetry System
Authors: Kim Daeyeon , Kim Jaemin , Koh Kwang-Ryul , Lee Sang-Bum
Published: April 2023

PCM data is result of air-vehicle flight test, this data is distributed for each engineers to analyze its condition. Since line-of-sight between the air-vehicle and the ground receiver cannot always be secured, remote PCM data recording system was claimed to be required. In this paper multi-function PCM data recorder has been described. This PCM data recorder was intended to place on inside of flight object. It can record about two hours in 32 GB SD card with maximum 7 Mbps data rate. RS-422/485 and RJ-45 interface enhanced accessibility for users. 5 V and 1 A power consumption and 19.5 mm × 152.5 mm × 102.3 mm allow to connect with mobile PCM devices. It acquired more than 190-minutes data in 12-times flight test. Also, it achieved military standard environmental test MIL-STD-810G to prove its stability and solidness.
A Basic Study on the Selection of Required Operational Capability for Attack Drones of Army TIGER Units Using AHP Technique
Authors: Lee Jinho , Kwon Seongjin
Published: April 2023

The importance of each warfighting function for Army TIGER unit attack drones is measured using the AHP technique. As a result, the importance of attack drones is high in the order of maneuver, firepower, intelligence, command/control, protection, and operation sustainment, but the importance of maneuver, firepower, and intelligence are almost similar. In addition, it is analyzed that attack drones capable of carrying out day and night missions by being equipped with an EO/IR sensor and being commanded/controlled in conjunction with the C4I system to eliminate threats with small bombs or aircraft collisions is needed. Finally, based on the results of this study, a virtual battle scenario for attack drones is proposed.
Use of Machine Learning to Differentiate Children With Kawasaki Disease From Other Febrile Children in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Tsai Chih-Min , Lin Chun-Hung Richard , Kuo Ho-Chang , Cheng Fu-Jen , Yu Hong-Ren , Hung Tsung-Chi , Hung Chuan-Sheng , Huang Chih-Ming , Chu Yu-Cheng , Huang Ying-Hsien
Published: April 2023

Importance

Early awareness of Kawasaki disease (KD) helps physicians administer appropriate therapy to prevent acquired heart disease in children. However, diagnosing KD is challenging and relies largely on subjective diagnosis criteria.

Objective

To develop a prediction model using machine learning with objective parameters to differentiate children with KD from other febrile children.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This diagnostic study included 74 641 febrile children younger than 5 years who were recruited from 4 hospitals, including 2 medical centers and 2 regional hospitals, between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2021 to February 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Demographic data and laboratory values from electronic medical records, including complete blood cell count with differential, urinalysis, and biochemistry, were collected as possible parameters. The primary outcome was whether the febrile children fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of KD. The supervised eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning method was applied to establish a prediction model. The confusion matrix and likelihood ratio were used to evaluate the performance of the prediction model.

Results

This study included a total of 1142 patients with KD (mean [SD] age, 1.1 [0.8] years; 687 male patients [60.2%]) and 73 499 febrile children (mean [SD] age, 1.6 [1.4] years; 41 465 male patients [56.4%]) comprising the control group. The KD group was predominantly male (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.55-2.06) with younger age (mean difference, −0.6 years [95% CI, −0.6 to −0.5 years]) compared with the control group. The prediction model’s best performance in the testing set was able to achieve 92.5% sensitivity, 97.3% specificity, 34.5% positive predictive value, 99.9% negative predictive value, and a positive likelihood ratio of 34.0, which indicates outstanding performance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the prediction model was 0.980 (95% CI, 0.974-0.987).

Conclusions and Relevance

This diagnostic study suggests that results of objective laboratory tests had the potential to be predictors of KD. Furthermore, these findings suggested that machine learning with XGBoost can help physicians differentiate children with KD from other febrile children in pediatric emergency departments with excellent sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
Trainee Physician Milestone Ratings and Patient Complaints in Early Posttraining Practice
Authors: Han Misop , Hamstra Stanley J. , Hogan Sean O. , Holmboe Eric , Harris Kelly , Wallen Eric , Hickson Gerald , Terhune Kyla P. , Brady Donald W. , Trock Bruce , Yamazaki Kenji , Bienstock Jessica L. , Domenico Henry J. , Cooper William O.
Published: April 2023

Importance

Evaluation of trainees in graduate medical education training programs using Milestones has been in place since 2013. It is not known whether trainees who have lower ratings during the last year of training go on to have concerns related to interactions with patients in posttraining practice.

Objective

To investigate the association between resident Milestone ratings and posttraining patient complaints.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study included physicians who completed Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited programs between July 1, 2015, and June 30, 2019, and worked at a site that participated in the national Patient Advocacy Reporting System (PARS) program for at least 1 year. Milestone ratings from ACGME training programs and patient complaint data from PARS were collected. Data analysis was conducted from March 2022 to February 2023.

Exposures

Lowest professionalism (P) and interpersonal and communication skills (ICS) Milestones ratings 6 months prior to the end of training.

Main Outcomes and Measures

PARS year 1 index scores, based on recency and severity of complaints.

Results

The cohort included 9340 physicians with median (IQR) age of 33 (31-35) years; 4516 (48.4%) were women physicians. Overall, 7001 (75.0%) had a PARS year 1 index score of 0, 2023 (21.7%) had a score of 1 to 20 (moderate), and 316 (3.4%) had a score of 21 or greater (high). Among physicians in the lowest Milestones group, 34 of 716 (4.7%) had high PARS year 1 index scores, while 105 of 3617 (2.9%) with Milestone ratings of 4.0 (proficient), had high PARS year 1 index scores. In a multivariable ordinal regression model, physicians in the 2 lowest Milestones rating groups (0-2.5 and 3.0-3.5) were statistically significantly more likely to have higher PARS year 1 index scores than the reference group with Milestones ratings of 4.0 (0-2.5 group: odds ratio, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.0-1.5]; 3.0-3.5 group: odds ratio, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1-1.3]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, trainees with low Milestone ratings in P and ICS near the end of residency were at increased risk for patient complaints in their early posttraining independent physician practice. Trainees with lower Milestone ratings in P and ICS may need more support during graduate medical education training or in the early part of their posttraining practice career.
Research on dynamic temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of electrical power system voltage based on random forest algorithm
Authors: Fan Jiaqi , Shang Tongjun , Yang Tianyu
Published: April 2023

The theme of this study is to find a method that can more accurately classify the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of power system voltage dynamics. As more and more new energy power generation devices are added to the power network, the accuracy of traditional methods for classifying the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of power system voltage dynamics has gradually decreased. It is significant to reduce the power loss caused by error in identifying voltage dynamic spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. Hence it is necessary to design methods that can more accurately classify power system voltage dynamic spatiotemporal distribution characteristics data. This study proposes a method for studying the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of power system voltage dynamics based on an improved random forest algorithm. The information entropy calculation method of decision tree in random forest algorithm is improved. According to the experimental results, the classification accuracy of the method for voltage dynamic spatiotemporal distribution characteristics is 99.55%. It can effectively achieve the dynamic spatiotemporal distribution of power system voltage.
Realizing p‐Type and n‐Type Doping of a Single Conjugated Polymer via Incorporation of a Thienoisatin‐Terminated Quinoidal Unit
Authors: Geng Xiaokang , Du Tian , Xu Chenhui , Liu Yingying , Deng Yunfeng , Geng Yanhou
Published: April 2023

Selective doping of a single conjugated polymer (CP) to obtain p‐type and n‐type conductive materials would be highly attractive for organic thermoelectric applications, because it will greatly reduce the time and costs of synthesizing different types of CPs. However, this strategy has rarely been investigated. In this study, two CPs are synthesized, designated PTQDPP‐T and PTQDPP‐2FT, based on a newly developed quinoidal unit with thienoisatin as the termini and a thiophene‐flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (ThDPP) unit as the quinoidal core. The electron‐rich thiophene rings in thienoisatin and the electron delocalization induced by thienoisatin resulted in polymers with high‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital, and the electron‐deficient nature of ThDPP unit and its quinoidal backbone endowed the polymers with low‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. As a result, both polymers can be p‐type and n‐type doped. Because of its high mobility, doped PTQDPP‐2FT performed better in organic thermoelectric devices than the doped PTQDPP‐T. After being doped with FeCl3 and N‐DMBI, PTQDPP‐2FT showed p‐type and n‐type power factors of 278.2 and 2.37 µW m−1 K−2, respectively. These are the best for bipolar (p‐type and n‐type) performances that obtained by selective doping of a single polymer.
Innovative Design Strategies Advance Biomedical Applications of Phthalocyanines
Authors: Li Dong , Cai Shundong , Wang Peiyu , Cheng Hongwei , Cheng Bingwei , Zhang Yang , Liu Gang
Published: April 2023

Owing to their long absorption wavelengths, high molar absorptivity, and tunable photosensitivity, phthalocyanines have been widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, phthalocyanines still face the drawbacks of poor targeting, “always‐on” photosensitizing properties, and unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency, which limit their wide applications in biomedical fields. Thus, new design strategies such as modification of targeting molecules, formation of nanoparticles, and activating photosensitizers are developed to improve the above defects. Notably, recent studies have shown that novel phthalocyanines are not only used in fluorescence imaging and PDT, but also in photoacoustic imaging, photothermal imaging, sonodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy. This review focuses on recent design strategies, applications in biomedicine, and clinical development of phthalocyanines, providing ideas and references for the design and application of phthalocyanine, so as to promote their future transformation into clinical applications.
Magnetically Responsive Melt Electrowritten Structures
Authors: G. Saiz Paula , Reizabal Ander , Luposchainsky Simon , Vilas‐Vilela Jose Luis , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu , Dalton Paul D.
Published: April 2023

While melt electrowriting (MEW) can result in complex microstructures, research demonstrating such fabrication with active materials is limited. Herein, magnetoresponsive poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) inks containing up to 10 wt% of iron‐oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are used to produce fiber with diameters of 9.2 ± 0.6 µm in ordered microstructures when processed by MEW. Introducing the Fe3O4 nanoparticles has a minimal overall effect on printing quality compared to pure PCL under similar conditions. The magnetic response of Fe3O4 containing fibers allows magnetic actuation, which is one of the first steps to control movement in such structures. Printed samples show different magnetic responses that can be controlled by the micro‐ and macro‐structure design, the nanoparticle concentration, and multi‐material design. The potential of MEW to print active magnetic complex micro‐ and macro‐structures for 4D printing designs is demonstrated, in which active properties can be further tailored with magnetoresponsive fillers with varying characteristics and by changing MEW fiber diameters.
All‐Trans Retinoic Acid Promotes a Tumor Suppressive OTUD6B‐β‐TrCP‐SNAIL Axis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Enhances Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Lei , Zhu Rui , Zhou Honghong , Cui Chun‐Ping , Yu Xiao , Liu Yuhao , Yin Yin , Li Yang , Feng Riyue , Katz Jonathan P. , Zhao Yahui , Zhang Yun , Zhang Lingqiang , Liu Zhihua
Published: April 2023

β‐TrCP is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays important roles in multiple human cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Analysis of ESCC patient samples reveal that only protein level but not transcript level of β‐TrCP associated with patient prognosis, suggesting regulators of β‐TrCP protein stability play an essential role in ESCC progression and may be novel targets to develop ESCC therapies. Although β‐TrCP stability is known to be mediated by the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, it is unclear which enzymes play a major role to determine β‐TrCP stability in the context of ESCC. In this study, OTUD6B is identified as a potent deubiquitinase of β‐TrCP that suppress ESCC progression through the OTUD6B‐β‐TrCP‐SNAIL axis. Low OTUD6B expression is associated with a poor prognosis of ESCC patients. Importantly, all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is found to promote OTUD6B translation and thus suppress ESCC tumor growth and enhance the response of ESCC tumors to anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapies. These findings demonstrate that OTUD6B is a crucial deubiquitinase of β‐TrCP in ESCC and suggest combination of ATRA and anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint inhibitor may benefit a cohort of ESCC patients.
Positron Emission Tomography with [18F]‐DPA‐714 Unveils a Smoldering Component in Most Multiple Sclerosis Lesions which Drives Disease Progression
Authors: Hamzaoui Mariem , Garcia Jeanne , Boffa Giacomo , Lazzarotto Andrea , Absinta Martina , Ricigliano Vito A.G. , Soulier Theodore , Tonietto Matteo , Gervais Philippe , Bissery Anne , Louapre Céline , Bottlaender Michel , Bodini Benedetta , Stankoff Bruno
Published: April 2023

Objective

To determine the prognostic value of persisting neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, we developed a 18 kDa‐translocator‐protein‐positron emission tomography (PET) ‐based classification of each lesion according to innate immune cell content and localization. We assessed the respective predictive value of lesion phenotype and diffuse inflammation on atrophy and disability progression over 2 years.

Methods

Thirty‐six people with MS (disease duration 9 ± 6 years; 12 with relapsing–remitting, 13 with secondary‐progressive, and 11 with primary‐progressive) and 19 healthy controls (HCs) underwent a dynamic [18F]‐DPA‐714‐PET. At baseline and after 2 years, the patients also underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurological examination. Based on a threshold of significant inflammation defined by a comparison of [18F]‐DPA‐714 binding between patients with MS and HCs, white matter lesions were classified as homogeneously active (active center), rim‐active (inactive center and active periphery), or nonactive. Longitudinal cortical atrophy was measured using Jacobian integration.

Results

Patients with MS had higher innate inflammation in normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) and cortex than HCs (respective standardized effect size = 1.15, 0.89, p = 0.003 and < 0.001). Out of 1,335 non‐gadolinium‐enhancing lesions, 53% were classified as homogeneously‐active (median = 17 per patient with MS), 6% rim‐active (median = 1 per patient with MS), and 41% non‐active (median = 14 per patient with MS). The number of homogenously‐active lesions was the strongest predictor of longitudinal changes, associating with cortical atrophy (β = 0.49, p = 0.023) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) changes (β = 0.35, p = 0.023) over 2 years. NAWM and cortical binding were not associated to volumetric and clinical changes.

Interpretation

The [18F]‐DPA‐714‐PET revealed that an unexpectedly high proportion of MS lesions have a smoldering component, which predicts atrophy and clinical progression. This suggests that following the acute phase, most lesions develop a chronic inflammatory component, promoting neurodegeneration and clinical progression. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:366–383
Investigating interindividual variability in corticomotor reorganization during sustained hamstring pain: A randomized experimental study
Authors: Cavaleri Rocco , Imam Jawwad , Rio Ebonie , Moukhaiber Nadia , Thomson Daniel , Suhood Ariane , Summers Simon J.
Published: April 2023

Background

Increasing evidence suggests that pain drives maladaptive corticomotor changes that may increase susceptibility to injury and promote symptom recurrence. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of interindividual corticomotor responses to musculoskeletal pain. Existing research in this area has also been limited largely to the upper limb. This is a pertinent point, given the functional and neurophysiological differences between upper and lower limb muscles, as well as the fact that most acute sporting injuries occur in the lower limb. Accordingly, this study explored the variability of corticomotor responses to experimentally‐induced sustained hamstring pain and whether specific patterns of corticomotor reorganization were associated with poorer outcomes (mechanical sensitivity, pain, or functional limitation).

Method

Thirty‐six healthy individuals participated. Following random allocation on Day 0, the experimental group performed an eccentric exercise protocol of the right hamstring muscles to induce delayed onset muscle soreness. The control group performed repetition‐matched concentric exercise that did not induce soreness. Measures of mechanical sensitivity, pain, function, and corticomotor organization were collected at baseline and on Day 2.

Results and conclusions

Corticomotor responses to sustained hamstring pain were variable. Individuals who developed corticomotor facilitation in response to hamstring pain experienced greater mechanical sensitivity than those who developed corticomotor depression. These novel data could have implications for rehabilitation following lower limb pain or injury.
Why corporate sustainability initiatives fail to reduce deforestation and what to do about it
Authors: Panwar Rajat , Pinkse Jonatan , Cashore Benjamin , Husted Bryan W.
Published: April 2023

Deforestation is a complex environmental problem that has eluded a series of public policies and private‐sector interventions. The need to develop effective solutions to this problem is urgent because unabated deforestation exacerbates climate change, biodiversity loss, human rights violations, displacement of Indigenous communities, and breakouts of zoonotic diseases. This paper focuses on corporate‐led efforts to stop deforestation and identifies four reasons behind their failure: global trade and supply‐chain obscurity, power dynamics in supply chains, neglected consumption in emerging economies, and diluted goal setting. We call upon corporate sustainability scholars, specifically in entrepreneurship, marketing, strategy, and supply‐chain management domains, to dedicate efforts to develop novel corporate sustainability initiatives that can address the complex, rampant, and stubborn challenge of deforestation. We propose three broad areas of research to advance scholarship on the role of corporate sustainability in stopping deforestation: zero‐deforestation supply chains, zero‐deforestation consumption, and nature‐positive business models.