bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A propensity score weighted comparison of vedolizumab and adalimumab in Crohn's disease
Authors: Macaluso Fabio Salvatore , Ventimiglia Marco , Fries Walter , Viola Anna , Sitibondo Aldo , Cappello Maria , Scrivo Barbara , Busacca Anita , Privitera Antonino Carlo , Camilleri Salvatore , Garufi Serena , Di Mitri Roberto , Mocciaro Filippo , Belluardo Nunzio , Giangreco Emiliano , Bertolami Carmelo , Renna Sara , Orlando Rosalba , Rizzuto Giulia , Cottone Mario , Orlando Ambrogio ,   Sicilian Network for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SN‐IBD)
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim

There are no head‐to‐head randomized controlled trials between biologics in Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to perform a multicenter, real‐life comparison of the effectiveness of vedolizumab (VDZ) and adalimumab (ADA) in CD.

Methods

Data of consecutive patients with CD treated with VDZ and ADA from January 2016 to April 2019 were extracted from the cohort of the Sicilian Network for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The effectiveness was evaluated at 12, 52 weeks, and as failure‐free survival at the end of follow up. Propensity score analysis was performed using the inverse probability of treatment weighting method.

Results

Five hundred eighty‐five treatments (VDZ: n = 277; ADA: n = 308) were included (median follow‐up: 56.0 weeks). After 12 weeks, a clinical response was achieved in 64.3% patients treated with VDZ and in 83.1% patients treated with ADA (odds ratio [OR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–1.10, P = 0.107), while at 52 weeks, a clinical response was observed in 54.0% patients treated with VDZ and in 69.1% patients treated with ADA (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.45–1.31, P = 0.336). Cox survival analysis weighted for propensity score showed no significant difference in the probability of failure‐free survival between the two drugs (hazard ratio = 1.20, 95% CI 0.83–1.74, P = 0.340). Post‐treatment endoscopic response and mucosal healing rates were similar between the two groups (endoscopic response: 35.3% for VDZ and 25.5% for ADA, P = 0.15; mucosal healing: 31.8% for VDZ and 33.8% for ADA, P = 0.85).

Conclusions

In the first study comparing VDZ and ADA in CD via propensity score analysis, the drugs showed comparable effectiveness and a similar safety profile.
A Multimethod Improvement Project to Strengthen Intermittent Auscultation Practice Among Nurse‐Midwives and Nurses
Authors: Romano Amy M. , Buxton Margaret
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Intermittent auscultation (IA) is an accepted standard of care for intrapartum fetal assessment for low‐risk individuals and is the exclusive method used to monitor fetal status in birth centers. However, there are conflicting national guidelines for practice and skill training. As a result, IA technique and skills vary across the perinatal care workforce, with many health care providers receiving no or minimal formal training. This article describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a quality improvement program aimed at strengthening the IA skills of nurse‐midwives and nurses.

Process

The project was implemented in a multisite network of freestanding birth centers and involved clinical practice guideline development, simulation‐based training, audit and feedback, in‐person training, and electronic health record configuration.

Outcomes

The training resulted in self‐reported increases in knowledge in all areas assessed. The integrated quality improvement initiative resulted in substantial improvements in consistency of practice and documentation.

Discussion

Policy change was not sufficient to improve use of IA, a nuanced skill that many midwives and nurses have limited exposure to in basic education programs and hospital‐based clinical practice. Clinical improvement was possible when the policy change was accompanied by a comprehensive training and implementation strategy including interactive, simulation‐based learning, audit and feedback, and an electronic health record configuration that better reflected the documentation standards.
Sirtuin 3 is required for the protective effect of Resveratrol on Manganese‐induced disruption of mitochondrial biogenesis in primary cultured neurons
Authors: Sun Qian , Kang Run‐Run , Chen Kai‐Ge , Liu Kuan , Ma Zhuo , Liu Chang , Deng Yu , Liu Wei , Xu Bin
Published: May 2020

Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure can disturb mitochondrial homeostasis leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is involved in Mn‐induced neurodegenerative diseases. Resveratrol (RSV), as a promoter of mitochondrial biogenesis, plays a significant role against mitochondrial dysfunction. However, whether RSV can relieve Mn‐induced neuronal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction remains unknown. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a main mitochondrial sirtuin, is an important regulator of mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Therefore, this study investigated whether SIRT3 was required for RSV alleviating Mn‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in primary cultured neurons from C57BL/6 mice. Here, we showed that Mn (100 and 200 μM) exposure for 24 hr caused significant neuronal damage and mitochondrial dysfunction through increasing mitochondrial ROS, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate level, and leading to mitochondrial network fragmentation, which could be ameliorated by RSV pretreatment in primary cultured neurons. Additionally, our results also indicated that RSV could activate the SIRT1/PGC‐1α signaling pathway and alleviate Mn‐induced disruption of mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing SIRT1 expression and activity, enhancing deacetylation of PGC‐1α. Furthermore, SIRT3 over‐expression increased deacetylation of mitochondrial transcription factor A and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. Oppositely, silencing SIRT3 increased acetylation of mitochondrial transcription factor A and decreased mtDNA copy number. Our results showed SIRT3 was required for the protective effect of RSV in mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that RSV could ameliorate Mn‐induced neuronal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in primary cultured neurons through activating the SIRT1/ PGC‐1α signaling pathway, and that SIRT3 is required for promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and attenuating Mn‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

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A peculiar adverse reaction to blue pigment tattoo
Authors: Tammaro Antonella , Magri Francesca , Chello Camilla , Sernicola Alvise , Luzi Fabiola , De Marco Gabriella , Raffa Salvatore
Published: May 2020

The practice of tattooing dates back to 5000 years ago and is currently constantly growing. The most common pigment associated with tattoo complications is the red one. Another pigment, which could be associated with adverse reactions, even if less frequently than red, is blue. Traditionally, blue pigment contains cobalt, which causes allergic reactions. Here, we report a case of blue pigment granulomatous reaction in a 37‐year‐old male patient.
The Mismatch Between Mutual Fund Scale and Skill
Authors: SONG YANG
Published: May 2020

I demonstrate that skill and scale are mismatched among actively managed equity mutual funds. Many mutual fund investors confuse the effects of fund exposures to common systematic factors with managerial skill when allocating capital among funds. Active mutual funds with positive factor‐related past returns thus accumulate assets to the point that they significantly underperform. I also show that the negative aggregate benchmark‐adjusted performance of active equity mutual funds is driven mainly by these oversized funds.
Searching for valuable differentially expressed miRNAs in postmenopausal osteoporosis by RNA sequencing
Authors: Wang Randong , Lu Aiping , Liu Wangyan , Yue Juan , Sun Qiang , Chen Jiao , Luan Huijie , Zhai Yaling , Li Bing , Jiang Zhongcai , Li Yingnan
Published: May 2020

Aim

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic and chronic bone disease in women. In order to understand the pathological mechanism of postmenopausal osteoporosis, we aimed to find the potential differentially expressed miRNAs in the disease.

Methods

Firstly, RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs, followed by the construction of the miRNA–target mRNA regulatory network. Then, Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to analyze the biological function of target mRNAs. Finally, electronic validation of identified differentially expressed miRNAs and target mRNAs was performed.

Results

A total of 33 differentially expressed miRNAs (18 upregulated and 15 downregulated miRNAs) and 6820 miRNA–mRNA pairs were identified. Among which, seven miRNAs with high degree including hsa‐miR‐17‐5p, hsa‐miR‐1‐3p, hsa‐miR‐193b‐3p, hsa‐miR‐125b‐5p, hsa‐miR‐10b‐5p, hsa‐miR‐100‐5p and hsa‐miR‐30a‐3p were obtained in the miRNA–mRNA regulatory network. TGF‐beta was the most significantly enriched signaling pathway of target mRNAs. The electronic validation result of hsa‐miR‐1‐3p, hsa‐miR‐193b‐3p, hsa‐miR‐10b‐5p, hsa‐miR‐100‐5p, hsa‐miR‐133b, hsa‐miR‐708‐5p, CRK, RAB5C, CCND1 and PCYOX1 was consisted with the RNA sequencing analysis.

Conclusion

Dysfunctional miRNAs may play significant roles in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Occlusal tactile acuity in temporomandibular disorder pain patients: A case‐control study
Authors: Bucci Rosaria , Koutris Michail , Palla Sandro , Sepúlveda Rebaudo Gabriela Fernanda , Lobbezoo Frank , Michelotti Ambra
Published: May 2020

Objective

To compare the smallest thickness that can be perceived between occluding teeth (occlusal tactile acuity, OTA) of temporomandibular disorder pain (TMD‐P) patients with that of control (CTR) individuals.

Methods

Twenty TMD‐P patients (17 women and 3 men, mean age: 31.3 ± 10.4 years) diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) protocol and 20 age‐ and gender‐matched controls (17 women and 3 men, mean age: 31.4 ± 10.5 years) were enrolled. The OTA was tested with 10 different thicknesses: 9 aluminium foils (8 µm‐72 µm with a constant increment of 8 µm) and 1 sham test (without foil), each thickness being tested 10 times in random order (100 tests in total). The participants were instructed to close their mouth once and to report whether they felt the foil between their molar teeth. A between‐group comparison (TMD‐P vs CTR) was performed for each testing thickness (analysis of variance for repeated measurements, with Bonferroni multiple correction) (P < .005).

Results

Significantly increased OTA was observed in the TMD‐P group for the thicknesses between 8 µm and 40 µm, while no significant differences were found for the sham test and for the larger thicknesses tested (from 48 µm to 72 µm).

Conclusions

TMD‐pain subjects presented an increased OTA as compared to controls.
Situational experience around the world: A replication and extension in 62 countries
Authors: Lee Daniel I. , Gardiner Gwendolyn , Baranski Erica ,   Members of the International Situations Project, Funder David C.
Published: May 2020

Objective

The current study seeks to replicate and extend principal findings reported in The World at 7:00, a project that examined the psychological experience of situations in 20 countries.

Method

Data were collected from participants in 62 countries (N = 15,318), recruited from universities by local collaborators to complete the study via a custom‐built website using 42 languages.

Results

Several findings of the previous study were replicated. The average reported situational experience around the world was mildly positive. The same countries tended to be most alike in reported situational experience (r = .60) across the two studies, among the countries included in both. As in the previous study, the homogeneity of reported situational experience was significantly greater within than between countries, although the difference was small. The previously reported exploratory finding that negative aspects of situations varied more across countries than positive aspects did not replicate. Correlations between aspects of reported situational experience and country‐level average value scores, personality, and demographic variables were largely similar between the two studies.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the importance of cross‐cultural situational research and the need to replicate its results, and highlight the complex interplay of culture and situational experience.
The inhibitory effects of shikonin and β,β-dimethylacrylshikonin on tramadol metabolism in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Jin Mi , Shi Dawei , Jin Hui , Zhou Ziye , Wang Chenxiang
Published: May 2020

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the possible interaction of shikonin and β,β-dimethylacrylshikonin (DSK) with tramadol.

Methods

Human liver microsome (HLM) and rat liver microsome (RLM) incubation experiments were carried out to assess the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and inhibitory mechanism of shikonin and DSK on tramadol metabolism in vitro. And pharmacokinetics experiments containing low and high doses of shikonin and DSK were performed to confirm the inhibitory effects on tramadol metabolism in vivo.

Key findings

The IC50 of shikonin on tramadol metabolism was 5.66 ± 1.2 μmol/l in HLM and 3.35 ± 1.1 μmol/l in RLM, while that of DSK on tramadol metabolism was 14.33 ± 1.1 μmol/l in HLM and 8.24 ± 1.26 μmol/l in RLM. Moreover, shikonin and DSK showed non-competitive inhibition of the cytochrome P450 enzyme in both HLM and RLM. Oral administration of 10 and 30 mg/kg shikonin inhibited tramadol metabolism in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, a dose of 30 mg/kg DSK inhibited the metabolism of tramadol in rats, while the lower dose of 10 mg/kg showed no inhibitory effect.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that shikonin and DSK can inhibit tramadol metabolism both in vitro and in vivo.
Developing Special Education Advocates: What Changes during an Advocacy Training Program?
Authors: Goldman Samantha E. , Goscicki Brittney L. , Burke Meghan M. , Hodapp Robert M.
Published: May 2020

Background

Special education advocacy trainings, such as the Volunteer Advocacy Project (VAP), have the goal of training advocates who can eventually support families in accessing needed services for students with disabilities. In addition to the training goal of increasing participants' special education knowledge and advocacy comfort, it is unknown if the VAP improves other participant outcomes related to later advocacy.

Specific Aims

In this study, we asked: (1) Do VAP participants improve from pre‐ to post‐test on knowledge and advocacy comfort, as well as on role identity, involvement in the disability community, and empowerment?; (2) Do participants' roles and levels of education moderate improvements in these outcomes?; and (3) Do participants who are differentially higher or lower on any of these variables at the pre‐test show greater improvement from pre‐ to post‐test on one or all other variables?

Method

Participants included 70 graduates of the VAP from 2014 to 2016. These participants completed pre‐test and post‐test assessments with measures on: special education knowledge, advocacy comfort, role identity, involvement, and empowerment.

Findings

Results showed significant change in knowledge, comfort, involvement, and empowerment from pre‐test to post‐test. Only level of education significantly moderated the change in role identity from pre‐test to post‐test, with those with high school education increasing their role identity compared to those with a college degree or more. Empowerment was closely related to pre‐test levels and to change scores for all other variables.

Discussion

Implications for future research and practice are discussed, including the need to better understand moderators of treatment effect and mechanisms of change for advocacy trainings.
Taxon‐rich phylogeny and taxonomy of the genusPhacus(Euglenida) based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: Łukomska‐Kowalczyk Maja , Fells Alicja , Chaber Katarzyna , Milanowski Rafał , Zakryś Bożena
Published: May 2020

Morphological and molecular features were analyzed for a species ofPhacusto better understand the phylogenetic relationships among them and establish the taxonomy. Phylogenetic analyses were based on nSSU rDNA and the research resulted in 55 new sequences. The study included species available in algal collections and those isolated directly from the environment in Poland and the Czech Republic. As a result, the obtained phylogenetic tree ofPhacusincludes 50 species, out of which 7 are represented on a tree for the first time (Phacus anacoelus, P. anomalus,P. curvicauda,P. elegans,P. lismorensis,P. minutusandP. stokesii) and many have been taxonomically verified. For all verified species, diagnostic descriptions were amended, the naming was reordered and epitypes were designated.
Pharmacokinetics of xylazine after 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐hr durations of continuous rate infusions in horses
Authors: Hopster Klaus , Soma Lawrence R. , Li Xiaoqing , Hopster‐Iversen Charlotte , Boston Raymond C. , Driessen Bernd
Published: May 2020

Intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration of xylazine (XYL) (0.5 mg/kg) immediately followed by a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of 1 mg kg−1 hr−1 for 2, 4, and 6 hr produced immediate sedation, which lasted throughout the duration of the CRI. Heart rate decreased and blood pressure increased significantly (p > .05) in all horses during the first 15 min of infusion, both returned to and then remained at baseline during the duration of the infusion. Compartmental models were used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of XYL administration. Plasma concentration–time curves following bolus and CRI were best described by a one‐compartment model. No differences were found between pharmacokinetic estimates of the CRIs for the fractional elimination rate constant (Ke), half‐life (t1/2e), volume of distribution (Vd), and clearance (Cl). Median and range were 0.42 (0.15–0.97)/hr, 1.68 (0.87–4.52) hr, 5.85 (2.10–19.34) L/kg, and 28.7 (19.6–39.5) ml min−1 kg−1, respectively. Significant differences were seen for area under the curve (

) (p < .0002) and maximum concentration (Cmax) (p < .04). This indicates that with increasing duration of infusion, XYL may not accumulate in a clinically relevant way and hence no adjustments are required in a longer XYL CRI to maintain a constant level of sedation and a rapid recovery.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α drives hepatosteatosis through the fatty acid translocase CD36
Authors: Rey Esther , Meléndez‐Rodríguez Florinda , Marañón Patricia , Gil‐Valle Miriam , Carrasco Almudena G. , Torres‐Capelli Mar , Chávez Stephania , del Pozo‐Maroto Elvira , Rodríguez de Cía Javier , Aragonés Julián , García‐Monzón Carmelo , González‐Rodríguez Águeda
Published: May 2020

Background & Aims

Molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia might contribute to hepatosteatosis, the earliest stage in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis, remain still to be elucidated. We aimed to assess the impact of hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) on the fatty acid translocase CD36 expression and function in vivo and in vitro.

Methods

CD36 expression and intracellular lipid content were determined in hypoxic hepatocytes, and in hypoxic CD36‐ or HIF2α ‐silenced human liver cells. Histological analysis, and HIF2α and CD36 expression were evaluated in livers from animals in which von Hippel‐Lindau (Vhl) gene is inactivated (Vhlf/f‐deficient mice), or both Vhl and Hif2a are simultaneously inactivated (Vhlf/fHif2α/f‐deficient mice), and from 33 biopsy‐proven NAFLD patients and 18 subjects with histologically normal liver.

Results

In hypoxic hepatocytes, CD36 expression and intracellular lipid content were augmented. Noteworthy, CD36 knockdown significantly reduced lipid accumulation, and HIF2A gene silencing markedly reverted both hypoxia‐induced events in hypoxic liver cells. Moreover livers from Vhlf/f‐deficient mice showed histologic characteristics of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and increased CD36 mRNA and protein amounts, whereas both significantly decreased and NASH features markedly ameliorated in Vhlf/fHif2αf/f‐deficient mice. In addition, both HIF2α and CD36 were significantly overexpressed within the liver of NAFLD patients and, interestingly, a significant positive correlation between hepatic transcript levels of CD36 and erythropoietin (EPO), a HIF2α ‐dependent gene target, was observed in NAFLD patients.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence that HIF2α drives lipid accumulation in human hepatocytes by upregulating CD36 expression and function, and could contribute to hepatosteatosis setup.
Comparison of different trophic state indices applied to tropical reservoirs
Authors: Klippel Gabriel , Macêdo Rafael L. , Branco Christina W. C.
Published: May 2020

Reservoirs represent impoundments of river flows for multiple human purposes, including hydropower generation and industrial, recreational and agricultural activities. In considering the current state of dammed rivers and future projects, there is a major concern in tropical areas regarding the water quality of these aquatic ecosystems, most being subjected to eutrophication process. To this end, the Carlson (1977), Toledo (1983), Lamparelli (2004) and Cunha (2013) trophic state indices were applied and compared in six interconnected reservoirs from the Paraíba do Sul Ecoregion in Brazil that differ in their morphometry, nutrient loadings, water retention times and altitudes. Limnological variables were measured in an extensive monitoring programme carried out from 2011 to 2014 during both the rainy and dry seasons. Application of the different numerical models resulted in different trophic state classifications. Toledo's trophic state index was considered the best for assessing the trophic state of the study reservoirs since it under‐evaluates water transparency, which can be related more to inorganic turbidity rather than to phytoplankton biomass in tropical water systems. The Carlson index, developed for temperate zone lakes, resulted in higher trophic classifications, thereby not being considered a reliable model for the study reservoirs. Both the Lamparelli and Cunha indices generally classified the study reservoirs as being in an oligotrophic state, thereby underestimating their trophic status. All the trophic state indices varied seasonally, with water transparency being the only variable significantly affected by rainfall variations. Based on the results of the present study, it was concluded that an arbitrary choice of existing trophic state indices to evaluate the water quality in tropical environments might lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the actual trophic conditions of tropical waterbodies. Further, the weak correlation observed between total phosphorus and chlorophyll‐a concentrations indicates total phosphorus might not be a key factor limiting algal growth in tropical water systems, thereby meriting more research focusing on tropical reservoirs, as well as development of new trophic state indices, including consideration of other potentially limiting factors.
Be Careful What You Wish For: The Impacts of President Trump’s Midterm Endorsements
Authors: Ballard Andrew O. , Hassell Hans J. G. , Heseltine Michael
Published: May 2020

We analyze the effects of President Trump’s endorsements on House and Senate elections in 2018. Previous work has argued that presidential endorsements are usually positive or, at worst, neutral for the recipient candidates. We find that President Trump was more likely to endorse candidates with a higher pre‐endorsement likelihood of winning and to endorse candidates in more competitive races, suggesting the president used endorsements strategically both to try and help Republican candidates win and to boost his reputation for helping candidates win. However, while President Trump’s public endorsements provided a financial boost to endorsed candidates, they also increased donor support of opposing candidates and were ultimately detrimental to candidates’ vote shares and likelihood of winning. This work provides evidence for potential backlash effects among opposition voters in response to presidential endorsement in a nationalized political environment and expands our understanding of the impact of presidential campaigning in congressional midterm elections.
Pink‐Collar Representation and Budgetary Outcomes in US States
Authors: Barnes Tiffany D. , Beall Victoria D. , Holman Mirya R.
Published: May 2020

Legislatures worldwide are dominated by wealthy elites, who are often out of touch with the needs and problems of citizens. Research shows that the underrepresentation of the working class matters in terms of policy processes and outcomes. Yet the research on class has largely focused on blue‐collar representatives, who are primarily men. Working‐class women are more likely to hold pink‐collar jobs, or low‐status occupations dominated by women. We argue that pink‐collar legislators are uniquely positioned to legislate over education and social service policy. To test our argument, we combine a new coding of working‐class backgrounds that accounts for pink‐collar representation with state spending data on education and social services from US states over time. Modeling compositional budget data, we find that class and gender intersect to shape policy outcomes via state budget allocations, with women's pink‐collar representation associated with increased spending on both education and social services.
Strategic Delegation? How Legislative Political Elites Respond to Electoral Uncertainty
Authors: Vakilifathi Mona
Published: May 2020

What is the effect of electoral uncertainty on a legislature’s preference for bureaucratic insulation? Previous research argues that an increase in electoral uncertainty results in an increase in a legislature’s preference for bureaucratic insulation, delegation of a program to an independent agency or multiple agencies, for a government‐regulated program. However, there is disagreement among political scientists on how to conceptually or empirically measure electoral uncertainty and bureaucratic insulation. I use the common conceptual definitions of electoral uncertainty and bureaucratic insulation from the legislative delegation literature in a within‐subject experiment of U.S. state legislators and legislative staff to assess the causal effect of electoral uncertainty on their preference for one of the four strategies of bureaucratic insulation. Once a legislature is subject to electoral uncertainty, I find that the respondents are more likely to delegate to an independent agency and multiple agencies that collectively implement a program.
MUSEUM TRAJECTORIES AND PROBLEMS OF EVIDENCE IN PUBLIC DISCOURSE: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Jules‐Rosette Bennetta , Osborn J.R.
Published: May 2020

As conservators of heritage and protectors of patrimony, museums are key players in public discourse about national identity and collective memory. The cultural roles and meanings of the museum as an institution are changing in relationship to local and global currents. Factors include the adoption of digital technologies, the repatriation of cultural artifacts, and the opening of new blockbuster museums. This special issue ofMuseum Anthropologybuilds upon a nodal taxonomic model for classifying museum practices, audiences, and the organization of evidence. The collected articles juxtapose cross‐cultural case studies drawn from Africa, Europe, and the United States. Topics include the use of evidence in the global circulation of popular African art, discussions of repatriation and decolonization in German museums, the “museum boom” in Poland’s new political climate, and the development of a unique local museum based on minimalist art near the US–Mexican border. The comparative cases demonstrate how museums of different types respond to civic contestations, public debates, and institutional transformations. Curatorial narratives support the use of evidence in contrasting ways as museums build and revitalize their collections. These shifts influence the interpretation of evidence and the display of artifacts both within individual museums and across the global museum landscape.
A randomized controlled trial of different young child formulas on upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections in Chinese toddlers
Authors: Leung Ting F. , Ulfman Laurien H. , Chong Marc K. C. , Hon Kam L. , Khouw Ilse M. S. L. , Chan Paul K. S. , Delsing Dianne J. , Kortman Guus A. M. , Bovee‐Oudenhoven Ingeborg M. J.
Published: May 2020

Background

Bioactive proteins and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), important ingredients in breast milk, that protect against infections are lacking in young child formula (YCF). This study investigated the effects of new YCFs on respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in toddlers.

Methods

Four hundred and sixty one healthy Chinese children aged 1‐2.5 years were recruited in this randomized, controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group clinical trial of different YCFs. They were randomly assigned to either standard milk formula (YCF‐Ref) or one of three new YCFs containing bioactive proteins and/or the HMO 2′‐fucosyllactose (2′‐FL) and/or milk fat for six months. Primary outcomes were incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and duration of gastrointestinal tract infections (GITI).

Results

There were no significant between‐group differences in primary outcomes. For secondary outcomes, subjects receiving 2′‐FL‐supplemented YCF had longer URTI. Subjects receiving YCF supplemented with milk fat and intact bioactive proteins, and 2′‐FL at levels found in breast milk, had more GITI episodes and shorter time to first GITI but similar effects on URTI duration than YCF‐Ref recipients. No effects on URTI and GITI were observed in toddlers receiving YCF with bioactive proteins at lower levels than breast milk. Occurrence of adverse events and anthropometry were similar in all groups.

Conclusions

All three YCFs supplemented with different combinations of intact bioactive proteins, 2′‐FL, and milk fat are safe in toddlers. No difference is detected among YCFs on URTI incidence and GITI duration. Further studies are needed to verify these findings especially in infants who may benefit most from the immune‐boosting effects of bioactive proteins and HMOs.
The Political Dimensions of Illegal Wolf Hunting: Anti‐Elitism, Lack of Trust in Institutions and Acceptance of Illegal Wolf Killing among Norwegian Hunters
Authors: Skogen Ketil , Krange Olve
Published: May 2020

Qualitative studies have indicated that the illegal killing of wolves is often attributed a protest dimension. However, we have limited knowledge about the factors that impact this judgement. The present study investigates views on illegal wolf killing among Norwegian hunters and connects these views to background factors, hunting cultures, anti‐elitism and the legitimacy of environmental institutions, probing the existence of a ‘counterpublic’ where killing wolves is seen as justified resistance. Only a minority tolerated the activity, but compared to other hunting‐related offences, killing a wolf illegally was seen as ‘not serious’ by the largest group. Hunters with limited education, living in rural areas, and who were motivated by a ‘tradition and stewardship’ ethos when hunting, were more inclined to accept illegal killing. Anti‐elitism and lack of trust in environmental institutions were even stronger predictors. We conclude that hunting‐related issues are not among the prime drivers of support for illegal wolf hunting. Rather, it is typically part of a worldview that reflects a rural subaltern experience, comprising elements of cultural resistance. While the political dimension is not always articulated, overlooking it and treating illegal killing simply as ‘crime’ may stoke conflicts and fortify an understanding of power relations that already drives resistance.
The integrative value of conflict and dispute: Implications for defining community in the native title context
Authors: Pilbrow Tim
Published: May 2020

Claimants and industry professionals frequently view conflict that arises in the course of a native title claim as a detriment to timely claims resolution. I argue instead that disputation itself may constitute an integrative social process through which participants define, delimit and reproduce community. I show also how ethnographic analysis of disputation can provide useful insights into broader social and cultural practices and normative value systems. Drawing on theoretical and methodological concerns with human agency and the integrative and constitutive role of conflict that challenges consensus models of community, I develop a practice‐centred approach that is attentive to the ways that participants in a dispute articulate and contest the definition of community. The possibility of viewing 'culture' and group cohesion as contingent and emergent through disputation should assist anthropologists working in the native title field to incorporate conflict as a productive aspect of social and cultural practice.
Inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus‐6 in a patient with XIAP deficiency
Authors: Inoue Kento , Miura Hiroki , Hoshino Akihiro , Kamiya Takahiro , Tanita Kay , Ohye Tamae , Park Myoung‐Ja , Yanagimachi Masakatsu , Takagi Masatoshi , Imai Kohsuke , Morio Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Kanegane Hirokazu
Published: May 2020

Human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) is a common pathogen affecting the human population. Primary HHV‐6 infection generally occurs during infancy and causes exanthema subitum. Moreover, HHV‐6 may exhibit inherited chromosomally integrated HHV‐6 (iciHHV‐6) in certain individuals. Although iciHHV‐6 is generally known to be nonpathogenic, it may cause reactivation in patients with primary immunodeficiency disease (PID). XIAP deficiency is a rare PID characterized by recurrent hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). It has been reported that the Epstein‐Barr virus primarily causes HLH; however, the other pathogens, including HHV‐6, can also cause this complication. We encountered a case of XIAP deficiency accompanied by iciHHV‐6. He suffered from recurrent HLH, for which allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was performed as a curative therapy. During the course of BMT, the patient experienced HLH three times, but there was no reactivation of endogenous HHV‐6 from iciHHV‐6. Finally, the patient achieved complete donor chimerism and a decline in HHV‐6 DNA copy number in whole blood. This case report demonstrates no evidence of reactivation of iciHHV‐6 during BMT in a patient with XIAP deficiency.
Validation of predictive empirical weed emergence models of Abutilon theophrasti Medik based on intercontinental data
Authors: Egea‐Cobrero Valle , Bradley Kevin , Calha Isabel M. , Davis Adam S. , Dorado Jose , Forcella Frank , Lindquist John L. , Sprague Christy L. , Gonzalez‐Andujar Jose L.
Published: May 2020

Good weed management relies on the proper timing of weed control practices in relation to weed emergence dynamics. Therefore, the development of models that predict the timing of emergence may help provide growers with tools to make better weed management decisions. The aim of this study was to validate and compare two previously published predictive empirical thermal time models of the emergence of Abutilon theophrasti growing in maize with data sets from the USA and Europe, and test the hypothesis that a robust and general weed emergence model can be developed for this species. Previously developed Weibull and Logistic models were validated against new data sets collected from 11 site‐years, using four measures of validation. Our results indicated that predictions made with the Weibull model were more reliable than those made with the Logistic model. However, Weibull model results still contained appreciable biases that prevent its use as a general model of A. theophrasti emergence. Our findings highlight the need to develop more accurate models if the ultimate goal is to make more precise predictions of weed seedling emergence globally to provide growers with universally consistent tools to make better weed management decisions.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of haptoglobin on LPS‐stimulated macrophages: Role of HMGB1 signaling and implications in chronic wound healing
Authors: Krzyszczyk Paulina , Kang Hwan June , Kumar Suneel , Meng Yixin , O'Reggio Maurice D. , Patel Kishan , Pires Ivan S. , Yarmush Martin L. , Schloss Rene S. , Palmer Andre F. , Berthiaume François
Published: May 2020

Nonhealing wounds possess elevated numbers of pro‐inflammatory M1 macrophages, which fail to transition to anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotypes that promote healing. Hemoglobin (Hb) and haptoglobin (Hp) proteins, when complexed (Hb‐Hp), can elicit M2‐like macrophages through the heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) pathway. Despite the fact that nonhealing wounds are chronically inflamed, previous studies have focused on non‐inflammatory systems, and do not thoroughly compare the effects of complexed vs individual proteins. We aimed to investigate the effect of Hb/Hp treatments on macrophage phenotype in an inflammatory, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated environment, similar to chronic wounds. Human M1 macrophages were cultured in vitro and stimulated with LPS. Concurrently, Hp, Hb, or Hb‐Hp complexes were delivered. The next day, 27 proteins related to inflammation were measured in the supernatants. Hp treatment decreased a majority of inflammatory factors, Hb increased many, and Hb‐Hp had intermediate trends, indicating that Hp attenuated overall inflammation to the greatest extent. From this data, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software identified high motility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a key canonical pathway—strongly down‐regulated from Hp, strongly up‐regulated from Hb, and slightly activated from Hb‐Hp. HMGB1 measurements in macrophage supernatants confirmed this trend. In vivo results in diabetic mice with biopsy punch wounds demonstrated accelerated wound closure with Hp treatment, and delayed wound closure with Hb treatment. This work specifically studied Hb/Hp effects on macrophages in a highly inflammatory environment relevant to chronic wound healing. Results show that Hp—and not Hb‐Hp, which is known to be superior in noninflammatory conditions—reduces inflammation in LPS‐stimulated macrophages, and HMGB1 signaling is also implicated. Overall, Hp treatment on M1 macrophages in vitro reduced the inflammatory secretion profile, and also exhibited benefits in in silico and in vivo wound‐healing models.
Theory and Practice of Quality Management in Lifelong Learning at a Public University
Authors: Adamec Petr
Published: May 2020

The core issue of this paper is a quality in the lifelong learning. The aim of the contribution is to describe the area, level and dimensions of quality in a wide range of lifelong learning programs, respectively of further education, which are realized in the sense of § 60 and 60a of the Higher Education Act. The content of the paper also focuses on the theoretical and practical starting points of the quality phenomenon, both from the historical point of view and especially from the perspective of the current focus and concept of university policy in the European and Czech region. The paper also presents the results of a survey focusing on approaches to the quality assurance systems in the concept of components at selected public university.
Influence of Screw Centrifugal Inducer on Internal Flow Structure of Vortex Pump
Authors: Quan Hui , Cheng Jing , Guo Ying , Kang Lei , Peng Guoyi
Published: May 2020

Installing an inducer upstream of the main impeller is an effective approach for improving the performances of a centrifugal pump. In order to study the influence of inducer on the internal flow characteristics and evolution of vortex pump, the numerical simulation and experimental test of the 150WX-200-20 vortex pump have been done by the principle of computational fluid dynamics, to acquire performance and internal flow structure change of the vortex pump with inducer and without inducer. Based on these, the energy conversion of vortex pump is combined with the changes of the through-flow and circulating-flow of the internal flow structure. Through analyzing the influence of inducer on it, the energy conversion characteristic of vortex pump is revealed. The results show that adding the inducer can guarantee the power capacity of the vortex pump and improve the anticavitation performance, so as to improve the pump head and flows. Equipped with suitable for transporting solid liquid two phase flow of the screw centrifugal inducer, it can effectively weaken the existence of circulating-flow and significantly improve the flow situation in the impeller field. Adding inducer can weaken axial force of vortex pump and enhance stability of pump. And under the condition of no clogging, the conclusions are of great significance for improving the power capacity and fluid energy conversion of the vortex pump. In addition, it is a good method to weaken the axial force of the pump and enhance the stability of the pump system by adding the inducer.
Investigation on Energy Loss in Centrifugal Pump Based on Entropy Generation and High-Order Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Cui Baoling , Zhang Chenliang
Published: May 2020

Full-open, straight-blade centrifugal pumps have the advantages of simple structure and high stability at high speeds. However, this type of centrifugal pump has a large internal energy loss and low efficiency. The flow loss caused by unstable flow accounts for most of the internal energy loss of a centrifugal pump, and this energy dissipates mainly to the surroundings of the pump in the form of pressure pulsation and vibration. In this study, to effectively understand the hydraulic behavior and energy loss in a centrifugal pump, the energy losses in the pump were numerically analyzed by the entropy generation method, the distribution of the energies of pressure pulsation and vibration was evaluated based on experimental results at different flowrates, and the correlation between flow and energy loss at 20% of the design flowrate (Qd) was investigated by high-order spectrum analysis. The energies of pressure pulsation and vibration in the experiment were evaluated by the root-mean-square (RMS) value. The distribution of the entropy generation rate (EGR) indicated large energy losses at the diffusion section of the volute, clearance, tongue, and blade inlet. At 20% of the design flowrate (Qd), the energy loss was caused by the backflow near the tongue, and the EGR at EP2 had a nonlinear fundamental characteristic frequency of 0.44fn. By bispectrum and coherence analysis, the nonlinear fundamental characteristic frequencies generated by the unforced flow were analyzed, and it was found that unforced flow was transmitted to one another in the near-tongue region.
Numerical Investigation to Derive Correlations for Hydrodynamic Entrance Length in Very Low Reynolds Number Regime in Rectangular Microchannels
Authors: Ray Dustin R. , Das Debendra K.
Published: May 2020

A three-dimensional laminar flow model was used for 37 Reynolds numbers (0.1, 0.2…1, 2…10, 20…100, and 200…1000) through six rectangular microchannels (aspect ratios: 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0.2, and 0.125) to develop correlations for hydrodynamic entrance length. The majority of the Reynolds numbers are in the low regime (Re < 100) to fulfill the need to determine the hydrodynamic entrance length for microchannels. Examination of the fully developed flow condition was considered using the velocity or fRe criteria. Numerical results from the present simulations were validated by comparing the fRe results. Two new correlations were developed from a vast amount of numerical data (222 simulations). The velocity criterion correlations predict entrance length with a mean error of 4.67% and maximum error of 10.28%. The fRe criterion generated better correlations and were developed as a function of aspect ratio to predict entrance length with a mean error less than 2% and maximum error of 5.75% for 0.1 ≤ Re ≤ 1000 and 0 ≤ α ≤ ∞.
A Pilot Study on the Effects of Yi Jin Jing Exercise for Older Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Liu ZhiWei , Chen Ting , Shen Mingkang , Li Kai , Ma ChunJie , Ketlhoafetse Antonnette , Liu XiangYun
Published: May 2020

Benign prostatic hyperplasia and its associated lower urinary tract symptoms seriously affect both the physical and mental health of older men. In order to determine the efficiency of Chinese Qigong Yi Jin Jing on prostate health in older individuals, thirty participants were randomized into either an Yi Jin Jing group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). After the 6-month intervention, the Yi Jin Jing group showed a significant decrease in international prostate symptom score and a significant increase in maximal urinary flow rate (compared with the control group p = .005, p = .001, respectively). Also, testosterone level increased and estrogen/testosterone ratio decreased in the Yi Jin Jing group (compared with the baseline p = .004, p = .002, respectively); estrogen level and estrogen/testosterone ratio were lower in the Yi Jin Jing group (compared with the control group p = .029, p = .012, respectively). The results showed that Yi Jin Jing is a promising way to reduce the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia-lower urinary tract symptoms in older men.
Transformation of the
Drosophila
Sex-Manipulative Endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii and Persisting Hurdles for Functional Genetic Studies
Authors: Masson Florent , Schüpfer Fanny , Jollivet Chloé , Lemaitre Bruno
Published: May 2020

Dozens of bacterial endosymbiont species have been described and estimated to infect about half of all insect species. However, only a few them are tractable
in vitro
, which hampers our understanding of the bacterial determinants of the host-symbiont interaction. Developing a transformation method for
S. poulsonii
is a major step toward genomic engineering of this symbiont, which will foster basic research on endosymbiosis. This could also open the way to practical uses of endosymbiont engineering through paratransgenesis of vector or pest insects.
First Isolation of a Novel Aquatic Flavivirus from Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Its
In Vivo
Replication in a Piscine Animal Model
Authors: Soto Esteban , Camus Alvin , Yun Susan , Kurobe Tomofumi , Leary John H. , Rosser Thomas G. , Dill-Okubo Jennifer A. , Nyaoke Akinyi Carol , Adkison Mark , Renger Allan , Ng Terry Fei Fan
Published: May 2020

Chinook salmon are a keystone fish species of great ecological and commercial significance in their native northern Pacific range and in regions to which they have been introduced. Threats to salmon populations include habitat degradation, climate change, and infectious agents, including viruses. While the first isolation of a flavivirus from wild migrating salmon may indicate an emerging disease threat, characterization of the genome provides insights into the ecology and long evolutionary history of this important group of viruses affecting humans and other animals and into an expanding group of recently discovered aquatic flaviviruses.
Increased Pathogenicity and Virulence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Clade B
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Authors: Wang Yanqun , Sun Jing , Li Xiaobo , Zhu Airu , Guan Wenda , Sun De-Qiang , Gan Mian , Niu Xuefeng , Dai Jun , Zhang Lu , Zhang Zhaoyong , Shi Yongxia , Huang Shuxiang , Mok Chris Ka Pun , Yang Zifeng , Wang Zhongfang , Tan Wenjie , Li Yimin , Chen Ling , Chen Rongchang , Peiris Malik , Zhong Nanshan , Zhao Jingxian , Huang Jicheng , Zhao Jincun
Published: May 2020

MERS-CoV is an important emerging pathogen and causes severe respiratory infection in humans. MERS-CoV strains from early epidemic clade A and contemporary epidemic clade B have not been phenotypically characterized to compare their abilities to infect cells and mice. In this study, we showed that a clade B virus ChinaGD01 strain caused more severe disease in mice, with delayed viral clearance, increased inflammatory cytokines, and decreased antiviral T cell responses, than the early clade A virus EMC/2012. Given the differences in pathogenicity of different clades of MERS-CoV, periodic assessment of currently circulating MERS-CoV is needed to monitor potential severity of zoonotic disease.