bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Family Members in Choosing the Preferred Place of Death for Hospitalized Dying Older Patients
Authors: Kao Shu-Yun , Liu Chieh-Yu , Gau Meei-Ling , Lin Hung-Ru
Published: July 2022

This study aims to explore the factors that influence family members in choosing the preferred place of death for hospitalized dying older patients in Taiwan. This study enrolled 100 family members. The relevant factors influencing the families’ choice of the preferred place of death for older patients were family members’ previous discussions with the patients about their expected place of death; patients’ education levels; family members’ incomes; whether they were hiring a caregiver to take care of the patients at the hospital; their degree of social support; and their family functioning. The logistic regression analysis showed that family members who had discussed the preferred place of death with the patients, and those with better family functioning, were 1.41 and 2.72 times more likely, respectively, to chose for patients to return home to die than for the patients to die in a hospital.
An Exemplary Defeat: The West in Afghanistan, 2001–2021
Authors: Honig Jan Willem , Käihkö Ilmari
Published: July 2022

The Western defeat in Afghanistan was due to an inadequate process of strategic reflection informed, first, by an overestimation of the attractiveness of the Western political agenda to Afghans and, second, by overconfidence in the effectiveness of its military approach. As a corollary, popular support for the Taliban was underestimated. The insurgents possessed a degree of what we term strategic cohesion—a sociopolitical and military embeddedness within society—that produced a far stronger strategic effectiveness than we could replicate in our Afghan allies. Furthermore, a military-professional mindset underestimated the degree to which political considerations permeated the battlefield. The political effect of military actions was insufficiently integrated into strategic practice. Specifically, the linchpin officer in staff planning and field operations in Western armies struggled to act as what we term strategic colonels. In both respects, the war continues to offer important lessons for Western involvement in future conflict, including with Russia and China.
Women's Treatment Decisions for Genital Symptoms
Authors: Harrison R M
Published: July 2022

A study of illness behaviour and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) investigated the ways in which women with symptoms potentially attributable to STD reached a decision on whether or not treatment should be sought. It was found that non-treatment of genital symptoms is partially explained by women classifying symptoms as normal: 53% among those not seeking treatment did so, compared to 12% and 10% in the two treated groups. When people are uncertain about symptoms there is a motivation to seek treatment. Thus, nearly all women in this category thought treatment necessary. Even among women who do seek treatment, the majority do so only after a period of waiting. Only 45% and 43% in the two treated groups reported seeking treatment immediately. The biological and sociological background relevant to treatment decisions indicate that it will be difficult to achieve changes in these percentages.
Elderly Alcoholics in the Edinburgh Psychiatric Services
Authors: Rix K J B
Published: July 2022

Thirty-one elderly alcoholics diagnosed in the Edinburgh psychiatric service during a 5-month period were interviewed and compared with 30, sex-matched young alcoholics. The two groups were very similar, except in terms of diagnoses of chronic organic brain disease, and the few differences found may reflect age or generational differences. It is suggested that elderly alcoholics, with the exception of those with chronic organic brain disease, may be treated with young alcoholics in general psychiatry and specialist alcoholism services, while those who have chronic organic brain disease may be better treated in a psychogeriatric service.
Use of the Muscle Relaxant Atracurium in Anephric Patients: Preliminary Communication
Authors: Hunter J M , Jones R S , Utting J E
Published: July 2022

Atracurium is a new, non-depolarizing muscle relaxant which rapidly breaks down in vivo and appears to require neither renal nor hepatic function for its elimination. As the commonly used non-depolarizing muscle relaxants carry the risk of prolonged effect when used in anephric patients, atracurium appears to have special promise in this situation. A preliminary account of the successful use of the relaxant in 20 anephric patients is recorded and evidence presented that atracurium is, indeed, a suitable agent for use in patients with renal failure.
Posture and Lumbar Puncture Headache: A Controlled Trial in 50 Patients
Authors: Handler Clive E , Perkin G D , Smith F R , Rose F Clifford
Published: July 2022

A prospective single blind trial in 50 patients was performed to investigate the effect of posture on post lumbar puncture headache (LPH). A difference between the frequency of headache at five hours between the two groups (prone for four hours, versus 30° head down tilt for 30 minutes followed by supine posture for 3 1/2 hours) did not reach significance. These findings do not support the suggestion that a prone posture, by possibly reducing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, significantly reduces the frequency of this common clinical problem. The value of bed rest after lumbar puncture remains equivocal. Other methods used for reducing LPH are reviewed.
Results of Surgery in 88 Consecutive Cases of Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia
Authors: Howard Edward R , McClement Janet , Driver Marie , Mowat Alex P
Published: July 2022

Of 88 cases of extrahepatic biliary atresia, satisfactory bile flow has been established in 46% of the patients who have undergone portoenterostomies and in 25% of patients with hepaticojejunostomies. Histological analysis of the extrahepatic biliary tissue has not shown a consistent correlation with outcome of operation, except that the patients with one or two large residual ducts lined with columnar epithelium have a better chance of developing bile flow. Cholangitis developed in 43% of the cases, and co-trimoxazole was not shown to have any beneficial effect in a small prospective trial in 18 patients. Severe haemorrhage from oesophageal varices has occurred in 4 jaundice-free survivors. Seventeen patients are now over 3 years of age and thriving but many show persistent elevation of liver enzymes.
North West Thames Registry of Neurological Disease
Authors: Haberman S , Capildeo R , Benjamin B , Rose F Clifford
Published: July 2022

A feasibility study has been carried out to determine whether a population-based registry of neurological disease can be eastablished using the Hospital (Inpatient) Activity Analysis (HAA) records for England and Wales. The study provides a valuable opportunity to use and test the HAA system. The neurological disease chosen was the Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome (GBS), because it would be expected that most patients would be admitted to hospital, and recurrent attacks or chronicity are rare. In this study it has been demonstrated that, for GBS, a neurological registry, based on HAA records, provided an excellent source of data to measure the incidence of the disease and potentially any change of incidence over time. The proportion of coding errors was found to be under 5%.
Surgical Treatment of Gastrooesophageal Reflux in Severely Mentally Retarded Children
Authors: Spitz Lewis
Published: July 2022

Twenty severely mentally retarded children with significant gastrooesophageal reflux were submitted to surgical treatment. In all patients vomiting was present to a distressing degree. Seven had experienced haematemesis, and a lower oesophageal stricture was present in 5 children, 3 of whom required extensive surgery to overcome the obstruction. All had failed to respond to conservative measures. Although the postoperative complication rate was high (50%), the final result in the majority of patients was highly satisfactory.
Variability of Oestrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status between Primary Breast Cancer and Nodal Metastases: Preliminary Communication
Authors: Fernandez Dolores , Alaghband-Zadeh Jamshid , Sauven Paul , Burn J Ian
Published: July 2022

The synchronous relationship between oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptor status in primary tumours and their nodal metastases has been analysed in 26 patients. All patients with ER-negative primary tumours were found to have ER-negative axillary nodes but of those with ER-positive tumours only 65% had, correspondingly, all nodes ER-positive. The concentration of ER in the nodes was found to be significantly lower ( P < 0.001) than that in the primary tumour. PgR information was unobtainable in 3 patients. Of the remainder, 75% of those having PgR-negative tumours had all nodes PgR-negative but only 36% of those with PgR-positive tumours had all nodes PgR-positive. PgR levels were found to be generally lower in the axillary nodes but this did not reach statistical significance. The clinical relevance of these findings is discussed.
Recent Findings from the 1970 Child Health and Education Study: Preliminary Communication
Authors: Butler N R , Haslum Mary , Golding Jean , Stewart-Brown Sarah
Published: July 2022

The progress is described of the longitudinal cohort study based on all children born in England, Scotland and Wales in one week of April 1970. The children and their mothers have been surveyed at birth, at five, and recently, at ten. Analyses of the data presented include the finding of improved intellectual outcome in children who had been immunized against pertussis, compared with poor intellectual outcome in children who had had hospital admissions for the disease itself. Preliminary data collected at 10 show that routine hearing and vision testing during the child's school life fell short of recommended standards. The major aim of the 10-year-old contact, however, is to establish details of the national prevalence and pathogenesis of disability. The identification of disability uses a life skills questionnaire, medical history and examination.
Partial Ileal Bypass in Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Chalstrey L J , Winder A F , Galton D J
Published: July 2022

The effects of partial ileal bypass have been studied in 7 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. By the seventh to ninth postoperative day there was a significant fall in plasma cholesterol of 42.8% compared with levels at initial presentation. Thereafter, plasma levels of cholesterol rose by varying degrees, but had stabilized by 3 months with average values 29.5% lower than pretreatment. Debilitating diarrhoea or severe weight loss were not troublesome features of the operation in most patients.
High Incidence of Rickets in Children with Wheezy Bronchitis in a Developing Country
Authors: El-Radhi A Sahib , Mansor N , Majeed M , Ibrahim M
Published: July 2022

The incidence of rickets in 100 Iraqi infants with wheezy bronchitis (24%) exceeded by two and a half times that found in age-matched controls (9%), and by ten times when only those with severe rickets were considered. The reason for this is not entirely clear, but could be related to the fact that the infants with wheezy bronchitis weighed more and therefore had grown faster than the control group. This itself could be related to the higher incidence of breastfeeding in the infants with wheezy bronchitis. We wish to stress the importance of screening for rickets, particularly in those with wheezy bronchitis.
Morbidity in Adult Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Cowie A G A
Published: July 2022

The results of surgery in a series of 700 consecutive cases of primary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism are reported with especial reference to mortality and morbidity. Providing that the operation is a first or second operation and that the patient is below 70 years of age, the operation has been found to be safe and uncomplicated.
Cause of Death and Accuracy of Certification of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Vellacott K D , Ferro M A
Published: July 2022

Of 160 patients who died of colorectal cancer in the Exeter district in 1979 and 1980, 15 had not been correctly certified as such and of these 10 had died postoperatively. A further 2 had not died of colorectal cancer and in 9 the diagnosis was unsubstantiated. When those not proven to have cancer are considered, colorectal cancer as a cause of death was underestimated by about 5%, which is much more accurate than for other diseases. A total of 35 patients (21.8%) had no operative treatment due to advanced disease, old age or rapid death. The mean inpatient stay was 32.3 days, and 184 operations were performed on 125 patients. Only 20 patients were admitted to the district hospital for terminal care.
Management of Severe Acute Colitis in District Hospitals
Authors: Ritchie Jean K , Ritchie Sheila M , McIntyre P B , Marks C G
Published: July 2022

Among 10 hospitals of the North East Thames Region, 84 patients were operated on for inflammatory bowel disease in the years 1977–81. There was one death in the 51 patients treated electively. The postoperative mortality was 24% in 33 patients coming to urgent surgery. The factors leading to this continuing high mortality are analysed as a contribution to an improvement in management.
Bacteriological and Crystallographical Analysis of Urinary Calculi: Aid to Patient Management
Authors: Rosenstein Isobel , Osborn Ruth S , Hopewell J P , Hamilton-Miller J M T , Brumfitt W
Published: July 2022

In an analysis, by both crystallographic and microbiological methods, of 50 urinary calculi recently removed by surgical operation, 33 proved to be of metabolic origin (mostly calcium oxalate and some uric acid or urate) and 17 of ‘infective’ origin (struvite, apatite or a mixture of the two). Metabolic stones were usually bacteriologically sterile or contained only small numbers (< 103/g of stone) of bacteria which did not produce urease, while infective stones always contained urease-producing organisms, usually Proteus mirabilis, in large numbers (> 105/g). The combined approach of stone analysis by crystallography and microbiological culture yields more information than conventional techniques on which to base the treatment of urinary calculi and the prevention of their recurrence.
Breast Cancer — Patient Choice of Treatment: Preliminary Communication
Authors: Ashcroft J J , Leinster S J , Slade P D
Published: July 2022

Forty patients who have undergone treatment for breast cancer (mastectomy or lumpectomy plus radiotherapy) were assessed, both preoperatively and at intervals up to one year following surgery, using tests of anxiety, depression, body satisfaction, marital adjustment, self-esteem, sociability and life change. The women were also interviewed to assess degree of concern about the disease, appearance and treatment. Wherever appropriate, patients were given a choice of treatment. Very little adverse psychosocial reaction has been found. It would appear that this is largely because most patients could opt for treatment which resulted in minimal disfigurement.
The Changing Pattern of Imported Malaria in British Visitors to Kenya 1987–1990
Authors: Pryce D I , Behrens R H , Bradley D J
Published: July 2022

Following a sudden increase of imported malaria from Kenya in December 1989-January 1990, an investigation was set up to identify risk factors for travellers' malaria. A questionnaire asking for details of travel patterns and compliance with prophylaxis was sent to cases reported over the 6-month Kenyan winter period. Quarterly malaria attack rates between January 1987 and June 1991 were calculated and linked to meteorological conditions in Mombasa. The number of travellers to Kenya has doubled in the 4 years studied and the quarterly rates varied 4-fold over this period. There was no clear seasonal pattern of malaria in travellers, nor was there any clear relation of malaria to coastal rainfall. Compliance with chemoprophylaxis was poor, with only 16% of cases using currently advised regimens. While the annual malaria attack rate per 10 000 travellers decreased by 37% over the study period, the total numbers of malaria cases imported from Kenya rose by 61%, reflecting the increase in the numbers of travellers to the region. As the popularity of East Africa as a tourist destination continues to increase, Kenya will remain an important and significant source of malaria imported into the UK.
Hartmann's Procedure: An Appraisal
Authors: Whiston R J , Armitage N C , Wilcox D , Hardcastle J D
Published: July 2022

Ninety-seven patients underwent Hartmann's procedure between 1981 and 1986 at the University Hospital, Nottingham. Sixty-one (63%) required this operation as an emergency procedure. There was an overall mortality of 22% and the morbidity rate was 56%. Infective and cardiovascular problems accounted for 77% of all complications encountered reflecting the age and underlying condition ofthe patients requiring this procedure.

Thirty patients had successful restoration of intestinal continuity, the majority of these having their original procedure performed as an emergency for benign disease. There were no immediate postoperative deaths from reanastomosis and few short- or long-term anastomotic problems, however there was again considerable postoperative morbidity.
Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome Exacerbated by Platelet Transfusion
Authors: Phillips W G , Marsden J R
Published: July 2022

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is a complication of complex haemangiomas. We present a case in which standard treatment including platelet transfusion appeared to prolong and exacerbate subcutaneous bleeding.
Application of a General Health Policy Model in the American Health Care Crisis
Authors: Kaplan Robert M
Published: July 2022

There is near consensus that the US health care system requires reform. Only a quarter of the American public has faith in the current system. Health care was one of the major issues considered in the 1992 US presidential election and the search for innovative solutions has transcended administrations.
Coronary Care Follow-Up Study: Acute Care Required Immediately following Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Ellicott Christine , Shaw David B , Kirby Brian J , Bailey Trevor
Published: July 2022

We carried out a prospective survey of the outcome of patients with ‘suspected myocardial infarction’, in order to determine where they should be nursed. The delay between onset, admission, transfer to the CCU, the sequelae and side-effects of thrombolytic therapy were noted and were documented prospectively. Of 217 admissions to CCU with a history of chest pain and suspected acute myocardial infarction during a four-month period (mean age was 62.8 years range 31 to 86 years) 202 fulfilled the criteria for suspected myocardial infarction. Streptokinase was given in 129 and alteplase in one patient. The delay between onset of pain and admission was < 4 h in 73, 4 to 12 h in 30 and > 12 h in 23. Elderly patients were just as likely as younger ones to receive thrombolytic therapy (Chi2 = 3.6; P = 0.6). An eventual diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was made in 133 of whom 100 received streptokinase. Dysrhythmia or shock was encountered in one-third of those given streptokinase and a quarter of the remainder. Reactions to streptokinase were recorded in 32 mainly hypotension or bradycardia alone or in combination. Forty-five per cent experienced either cardiac complications or drug reactions or both. During one month there were 57 admissions, 50 of whom arrived by ambulance. The mean delay between call out and arrival in the A&E department was 55 min.

We concluded patients who are given thrombolytic therapy need close supervision and they should be nursed in a CCU or its equivalent.
Patient Knowledge of Operative Care
Authors: Williams O A
Published: July 2022

To investigate knowledge of perioperative events, a questionnaire was administered to 111 elective surgical patients. Six topics were covered: The operation, the anaesthetic, time spent in the operating theatre, amount of post-operative pain, duration of hospital admission and time required to return to normal fitness. Apart from evaluating information-sources for each topic, the questionnaire assessed degree of knowledge and satisfaction with this information, and the relationship of these to anxiety. More than 30% of the patients responded that they had received no information about anaesthesia, time in theatre, return to fitness or pain. For each topic more than 40% desired further information. Nursing staff provided most information, although for the anaesthetic, time in theatre, return to fitness and pain, more than 60% of patients responded that nobody had provided explanation. There was no correlation between knowledge relating to the topics per se and anxiety, but there was a significant correlation between satisfaction with information and anxiety. This survey shows a considerable need for improved information provision, especially for patients in whom anxiety is associated with a desire for further explanation of operative care.
Early Failure of Titanium Alloy Femoral Components: A Quantitative Radiological Analysis of Osteolytic and Granulomatous Change
Authors: Unwin A J , Stiles P J
Published: July 2022

Shot blasted titanium alloy femoral components with a coarse finish were withdrawn from use in 1987 following reports of early component failure. We reviewed all coarse titanium femoral stems used in primary total hip arthroplasty in our institution between 1985 and 1987 and compared them to a similar stem made of vitallium which was also used over the same period. We found that, at an average of 5.2 years following implantation, over two-thirds of titanium components were associated with endosteal lysis. In many of the cases the early lytic changes were asymptomatic with significant bone loss occurring prior to presentation. We discuss our findings in relation to revision surgery. We advocate that all those with coarse stem titanium components should be positively reviewed to detect early lytic change before extensive bone destruction occurs.
Tracheal Hemangioma: A Rare Cause of Hemoptysis in Children
Authors: Barbaria Wiem , Khamassi Ichrak , Gaaloul Khouloud , Hamouda Samia , Gritli Said
Published: July 2022

Tracheal hemangioma is a very rare benign vascular tumor. Few cases of tracheal hemangioma in children are reported in the literature. Chronic cough is the main symptom of the disease; however, hemoptysis is rarely reported as a symptom of tracheal hemangioma in children. Here, we report a case of tracheal hemangioma in an eight-year-old girl admitted to our pediatric department for recurrent hemoptysis. Routine biological and radiological investigations were normal. Diagnosis was made using computed tomography and bronchoscopy. Beta-blocker therapy was not efficient. Bronchoscopic treatment by electrical excision enables complete recovery. Tracheal hemangioma should be considered a cause of recurrent hemoptysis when routine biological and radiological investigations are negative.
Developing a Framework for the Support of Informal Caregivers: Experiences from Sweden, Ireland, and the United States
Authors: Cahill Suzanne , Bielsten Therése , Zarit Steven H.
Published: July 2022

Policies and services to support informal caregivers vary considerably across countries. This paper examines the role of caregivers and how perspectives on that role may influence the availability of benefits and services in three countries that differ considerably in their care systems - Sweden, Ireland and the United States. We developed a nine-dimensional framework for examining differences, including policies and how the role of caregiver is conceptualized. We found differences in the three countries in how services are organized, which reflected assumptions about the caregiver role. There were also similarities in the three countries. Caregivers held an ambiguous position within each social system and there was little concern for equity in the delivery of support services. Increased clarity about the role of caregivers may facilitate development of policies that more effectively meet their varied needs.
A mediation analysis to disentangle relations between maternal education and early child development
Authors: Telias Amanda , Narea Marigen , Abufhele Alejandra
Published: July 2022

Maternal education is associated with early child outcomes. However, the several mechanisms that may explain this relationship remain underexplored. Using data from 1,097 children aged 12–15 months in Chile, we estimate the maternal education gap across child cognitive and language outcomes. Following a bioecological perspective, we explore potential pathways by which maternal education might influence child development, such as child characteristics, the quantity and quality of mother–child interactions, and the availability of home stimulation. We found an average maternal education gap between children with mothers with the lowest and the highest educational levels of 0.36, 0.31, and 0.25 standard deviation in child cognition, expressive language, and receptive language, respectively. The mediational analysis showed that maternal stress and depression and the quality of the home environment mediated the relation between maternal education and child language and cognitive development.
Shifting to Circular Manufacturing in the Global South: Challenges and Pathways
Authors: Hira Anil , Pacini Henrique , Pereira Alessandro Sanches , Attafuah-Wadee Kweku , Rashid Amir , Gara Faith , Munene Keru
Published: July 2022

As the Global South shifts towards increased manufacturing, the negative effects on climate change and environmental pollution raise serious concerns. These global effects are increasingly felt locally, as reflected in health surveys throughout the Global South. The world cannot afford to wait for a natural development process to take place in which rising incomes might curb pollution. This article examines the challenges of reforming manufacturing in the Global South towards more sustainable practices. It also focuses on the lessons of the Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Pollution Program (SMEP) which has funded a series of environmental improvement projects across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia aimed at reducing pollution in the manufacturing process. The lessons learned from these projects include the need to improve the tracking of the negative effects of the environmental damages caused by manufacturing and analyze the manufacturing supply chain processes to better identify potential points of intervention; as well as the need for more external financial and technical resources to expand these projects.
Vulnerability of Poverty between Male and Female Headed Household in Tanzania
Authors: Mwakalila Enock
Published: July 2022

The study analyzes how the male and female headship of households affects poverty vulnerability in Tanzania. The study uses a sample for the 2017–18 HBS covered the population residing in private households in Tanzania Mainland. A representative probability sample of 9,552 households was selected. Probit regression with instrument variables for the endogenous variable (education) is used for estimation. The results imply that, in general, female-headed households are less likely to face extreme poverty than their male counterparts. The study also reveals that extreme poverty is less likely with the female head when divorced or widowed. Finally, the results imply that extreme poverty varies across different regional zones in the country. Therefore, female in Tanzania can shield their households from extreme poverty.
A daily diary study on the affective path between leadership practices and leaders’ personal helping
Authors: Chan Phoenix HH , Tse Herman HM , Howard Joshua , Eva Nathan , To March L , Qian Jing , Xia Aijing
Published: July 2022

While anecdotally we know that leaders vary in their willingness to help followers depending on the time of a day, this within-person variability is not well-understood in the leadership literature. Based on the Affective Events Theory, we take a temporal dynamic view to address this issue. Specifically, we propose that leaders’ engagement in leadership practices earlier in the workday will lead to positive affect later the same day, increasing their personal helping the next day. We used the experience sampling methodology and collected data from 120 full-time leaders three times a day over two consecutive workweeks to test our hypotheses ( n = 839 observations). By identifying three types of daily leadership practices that trigger daily variations in leaders’ positive affect and personal helping, our research challenges the dominated view in the existing research that leaders’ personal helping is not static and it can be varied throughout a workday.

JEL Classification: M50
Revisiting the security–development nexus: Human security and the effects of IMF adjustment programmes
Authors: Reinsberg Bernhard , Shaw Daniel O , Bujnoch Louis
Published: July 2022

The concept of ‘human security’ holds promise of capturing the strong connections between economic development and personal security that has ushered in the debate about the ‘security−development nexus’ in policy circles. Human security is understood as the ability of states to protect the security of their citizens and to cater to their basic socioeconomic needs. However, the literature on human security is fragmented, leaving applied researchers without a workable definition and a convincing measurement strategy. Part of this problem is due to the fuzziness of the concept and the ambition to associate an ever-increasing set of dimensions with the concept, which renders empirical analysis moot. Following a review of the related literature, we collect measures aligning with ‘freedom from fear’ and ‘freedom from want’, representing the varied discourse on the human security concept. Employing confirmatory factor analysis on 11 indicators, we demonstrate the existence of a single latent factor and extract their common variation to generate a new Human Security Index. We validate the index by comparison against known proxies and related measures. We then present a first empirical application examining the human security implications of IMF programmes, finding that IMF programmes undermine human security, accounting for non-random selection into IMF programmes.
The avant-gardism of socially engaged art in contemporary China: Aestheticizing everyday lives at the Yangdeng Art Cooperatives
Authors: Zhou Yanhua
Published: July 2022

This article sheds light on the place of avant-gardism in socially engaged art and how it is reformulated in practice, through critically examining the art practices of the Yangdeng Art Cooperatives, a socially engaged art project in a rural area of Southwest China, where artists create various collaborative artworks and site-specific projects with the local people. I argue that the project contributes to an avant-garde mode of socially engaged art through aestheticizing the ordinariness of the everyday. I term this process ‘ordinary aesthetics’. This term demonstrates potential connections in our everyday lives and redefines the relationship between aesthetics and politics by regarding aesthetics as a perceivable sensate and a distribution of the sensible. In aiming to promote the ordinary, artists engage in local residents’ everyday lives by transforming their ordinary objects, spaces, and incidents into works of art. It is art that makes their ordinariness extraordinary. Technically, the artists blur the boundary between the real and the fictional to aestheticize the everyday lives of local residents. In their practices, ordinary aesthetics consequently becomes a means to rediscover the avant-gardism of socially engaged art.
Fuzzy process capability analysis for machined product with multiple characteristics of symmetric tolerance
Authors: Chang Tsang-Chuan
Published: July 2022

Amidst fierce competition and diversifying customer needs in today’s markets, product development and design have shifted toward a more user-oriented model. This makes it common for products to have multiple quality characteristics. However, simply meeting customer needs is no longer sufficient; quality is also a key factor of a consumer’s willingness to buy a product. To this end, process capability indices have been used to measure the relationship between manufacturing specifications and processing performance, as well as serve as a bridge of communication between manufacturers and clients. In view of this, the loss-based capability index [Formula: see text] that fully reflects process loss and yield is employed in this study to analyze the process performance of each quality characteristic. However, [Formula: see text] must be estimated based on collected samples, in which the measured values of all sample data are expressed with precise values. Uncertainty and imprecision in collected data increase the risk of misjudgment. To reduce this risk, the [Formula: see text] confidence interval of [Formula: see text] is first derived to define fuzzy estimations of both the critical value and index, and develop a fuzzy process capability analysis model for a machined product with multiple quality characteristics of symmetric tolerance. Finally, an industrial example involving a five-way pipe product is presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach. The results show that the proposed fuzzy analysis model makes determination of the process capability of each quality characteristic more reliable and rigorous to ensure that manufactured products meet requirements.
A data-driven self-adaptive parameter tuning framework for composite automobile part optimization design
Authors: Li Han , Liu Zhao , Zhu Ping
Published: July 2022

Population-based heuristic optimization algorithms are wildly used in the automobile optimization design. However, the hyper-parameter tuning has a significant effect on the performance of the most of the heuristic algorithms. In order to take full advantages of the heuristic optimization algorithms, this article proposes a data-driven framework for self-adaptive parameters tuning, which named DSPT. The DSPT framework divides the optimization process into two phases. In the learning phase, the knowledge is learned from abundant benchmark functions. The specifically designed performance metrics are used to relate the characteristics of different problems and algorithm performances. In the optimizing phase, the characteristics of a new problem are firstly extracted. According to the knowledge gained from the learning phase and the problem characteristics gained in this phase, rather than predetermined parameters based on experience, the key parameters are tuned automatically. Therefore, the optimization can continue more efficiently. Based on the newly proposed social spider inspired particle swarm optimization algorithm, the proposed framework is successfully applied to the multi-scale lightweight design of four different composite automobile parts.
Cross purposes and crossed wires: A reply to
Authors: Jones Raya A.
Published: July 2022

The article (Jones, 2022) on which Burr and King (2022) comment represents my theoretical work in the field of history and philosophy of psychology. Their commentary conveys certain misunderstanding of its nature and contains some inaccuracies. This reply clarifies the original article’s purposes and attributes the misunderstanding to differing agendas or motivations for comparing theories.
The Creative Classroom
Authors: Smilor Ray
Published: July 2022

How can entrepreneurship teachers unleash the creativity of each one of their students so that their students actually think and act entrepreneurially? This article emphasises that entrepreneurship teachers must implement three requirements for a creative classroom: develop an experimental attitude, practice improvisational behaviour and implement an unconventional structure. An experimental attitude requires a willingness to be wrong; improvisational behaviour demands a ‘Yes, And’ philosophy; an unconventional structure focuses on a different course design. This article presents specific insights, practical exercises, and concrete approaches for entrepreneurship teachers to conduct a more creative classroom (this article is excerpted from a forthcoming book: Ray Smilor (2022, Fire in the classroom: Creativity, entrepreneurship and the craft of teaching, Rowman & Littlefield).
Adverse Drug Reactions to Antifungals Used in the Management of COVID-19 Associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis
Authors: Tiwari Smrati , Vakil Zahaan
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

To determine the incidence and frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to find out factors, if any contributing to the same, while also exploring the use of amphotericin B deoxycholate as a cheaper and safe alternative to liposomal amphotericin B.

Materials and Methods:

It was a cross-sectional observational study, with a study population of 50 conducted over three months after ethics approval. All adult patients admitted to a tertiary care center, in a metropolitan city of Maharashtra, diagnosed with Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis, with a history of previous COVID-19 infection and receiving antifungals for the treatment of the same were included in the study. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) ADR reporting forms were used to collect data.

Results:

Electrolyte disturbances mainly hypokalemia were the most frequently encountered ADR with both Amphotericin formulations (39/50; 20.31%) followed by pain at the injection site (33/50; 17.19%). Nephrotoxicity occurred slightly more frequently with Amphotericin B Deoxycholate (19/29; 65%), compared to Liposomal Amphotericin B (11/19; 57%), while Posaconazole was mainly associated with gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances and hepatotoxicity.

Conclusion:

Amphotericin B Deoxycholate was associated most with ADRs, hypokalemia, and pain at the injection site being the most frequent. However, concerning nephrotoxicity, both Amphotericin formulations showed only a modest difference. Posaconazole was associated with the least number of ADRs and had a favorable safety profile.
The expatriate entrepreneur: Demystification and conceptualization of an international career phenomenon in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Côté Anne-Marie
Published: July 2022

International mobility brings new avenues for career development. Although the literature in human resources management has extensively investigated the traditional assignment cycle of expatriates by multinationals abroad, only few studies have focused on other forms of expatriation. Among these forms is the “expat-preneurship” whereby the expatriate decides to become an entrepreneur in the host country. This phenomenon is challenging career development in bringing new work dynamics. This conceptual paper presents a demystification of this growing phenomenon and provides a better understanding of this international career dynamic in the context of the new normal brought by the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. Although many expatriates have opted to return home due to the fallout from the coronavirus pandemic, others have chosen to embrace an entrepreneurial career abroad. This paper sheds new light on this career phenomenon in which some individuals, despite pandemic uncertainty, see opportunities where others see roadblocks.
Reauthoring: The lived experience of cumulative harm and its influence on career choice
Authors: Bryce India , Beccaria Gavin , McIlveen Peter , Du Preez Jan
Published: July 2022

People's career choices are not necessarily the unfolding of normative experiences. Instead, trauma experienced as cumulate harm throughout childhood affects developmental trajectories and career choices. There is, however, a dearth of research into the influences of cumulative harm on career development. The present research addresses that gap in the literature by an investigation into helping professionals’ recollections of their lived experiences of cumulative harm and how they construct its meaningfulness with regard to their work as a helping professional. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was applied to the transcripts of interviews with n = 12 helping professionals. Participants sought to reauthor through the themes of meaning, value, adaptability and unintentional motivations. This reflected a journey for all participants from identity conclusions formed through childhood trauma to new territories of identity, achieved through a reconstruction of life narratives by integrating career narratives to reframe and make sense of their cumulative harm experiences.
Forming mentoring relationships in graduate education: The role of personality
Authors: Keramidas Natacha L , Queener John E , Hartung Paul J
Published: July 2022

This study investigated mentoring relationships between doctoral students and faculty members. We examined initiation of mentoring as a mediator between key personality facets and mentoring received among 162 doctoral students (females = 77%, 77% psychology programs). Results confirmed that initiation of mentoring relationships by doctoral students significantly predicted mentoring received. Furthermore, mentoring initiation also mediated relationships between several personality facets (friendliness, assertiveness, achievement-striving, self-efficacy, and self-consciousness) and mentoring received. By demonstrating the significance of student-initiated mentoring and the influence of specific personality facets on this proactive behavior, our study underscores the importance of providing an environment supportive of mentoring and setting expectations for students early on in their doctoral studies if they are to benefit from mentoring. Future research on the impact of age could also help advance understanding of mentoring among older students as the career landscape continues to change.
Pain Catastrophizing Scale Associated With Other Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Plantar Fasciitis and Chronic Ankle Instability Patients
Authors: Baxter Nicholas A. , Hoch Caroline , Reid Jared J. , Scott Daniel J. , Gross Christopher E.
Published: July 2022

Background:

The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a measure of how patients emotionally respond to pain. It is composed of 3 subscales—rumination, magnification, and helplessness—which address intrusive thoughts of pain, expectations of negative outcomes, and inability to cope with pain. Our purpose is to compare baseline PCS scores with other baseline patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients with plantar fasciitis (PF) or chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 201 patients who reported at least 1 pretreatment PCS subscore and were diagnosed with PF or CAI between 2015 and 2020 in a single fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon’s clinic. Demographics, comorbidities, treatments, other baseline PROMs (i.e., visual analog scale [VAS], Pain Disability Index [PDI], 12-Item Short Form Survey [SF-12], 8-Item Somatic Symptom Scale [SSS-8]), and postoperative outcomes were recorded.

Results:

The PCS total score and its subscores significantly correlated with the total score and/or subscores of each PROM. Higher PCS total score significantly correlated with worse VAS (P<.001), SF-12 mental (P=.007), PDI total (P<.001), and SSS-8 (P<.001) scores. Only the PCS magnification subscore was significantly greater among patients who did (n=41) undergo surgery (P=.043). Those who had previously undergone foot and/or ankle surgery had significantly higher PCS rumination ( P=.012), magnification ( P=.006), helplessness ( P=.008), and total ( P=.003) scores. Likewise, those with a history of substance abuse also had significantly higher PCS scores ( P=.005; P=.003; P=.006; P=.003).

Conclusion:

The correlations between PCS scores and other baseline PROMs indicate that strong pain catastrophizers with PF or CAI may be at risk for poor treatment outcomes. PCS scores could be used to help with treatment for such high-risk patients.
Secular discernment: A process of individual unlearning and collective relearning
Authors: Burton Nicholas , Vu Mai Chi , Hawkins Melissa
Published: July 2022

Through a process of action research with a non-religious organization, this article provides a foundation for the characteristics of a secular discernment process. Importantly, we argue that discernment can be conceptualized as a process of entwined individual unlearning and collective relearning. Our action research study contributes to both the discernment and the unlearning literatures by unpacking how discernment encourages a process of individual unlearning – which our study suggests entails a process of ‘setting aside’ and reflexive-distancing from a priori individual knowledge – to be more open and receptive to new ways of emergent collective re-learning. The process of unlearning – and the behavioural norms and routines that are central to discernment – underscores the collective relearning process. The article concludes with future pathways for research.
You the readers will complete the list. The Castrochavismo conspiracy theory
Authors: Guerrero-C Javier , Jaraba-Barrios Bruno
Published: July 2022

The study of conspiracy theories has often taken a normative perspective. Recently, sociology and cultural studies have argued for a neutral view of conspiracy theories, urging for a nuanced understanding of conspiracy theories. Building on a growing body of scholarship addressing conspiracy theories in relational terms, this article considers the advantages of analyzing conspiracy theories as controversies or issues, as formulated in Science and Technology Studies. Our primary focus is on the political uses of castrochavismo and how the digital objects are shared and reconfigured, shaping the dynamics of the issue. The core conceptual premise is that conspiracy theories are formed as particular cases of controversies, where the factions in dispute deploy repertories, and we identify the empiricist and ironizing ones. Drawing on a data collection from Twitter, we present the case of study of castrochavismo, with a particular focus in the Colombian electoral cycle. The case highlights the importance and challenges when analyzing a conspiracy theory from the lens of controversy studies, promoting a symetrical, non-normative, research of the topic.
Experimental study of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with hybrid spiral-hooked end steel fibres under static and impact loads
Authors: Hao Yifei , Xiao Dandan , Hao Hong , Li Jun , Li Jie
Published: July 2022

Discrete short steel fibres were proposed to be mixed with concrete for arresting cracks and enhancing the post-cracking resistance. It has been proven in previous tests that spiral steel fibres possessed markedly higher bonding to concrete matrix, leading to significantly improved performance of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) in terms of crack controllability, impact resistance, deformability and energy absorption capability. However, at the initial stage of cracking, SFRC reinforced with spiral fibres has relatively lower resistance to crack opening as compared to that reinforced with other types of steel fibres because of spiral shape stretching. To overcome this shortcoming, in the present study, short hooked-end steel fibres that exhibit high pull-out resistance at the crack initiation stage were mixed with spiral steel fibres in the normal-strength concrete matrix. A total volume fraction of 1% of hybrid steel fibres was mixed to cast SFRC specimens. With various mix ratios between spiral and hooked-end fibres considered, five batches of SFRC specimens were tested. Uniaxial compressive tests and four-point bending tests were carried out to compare the mechanical properties of SFRC materials with hybrid fibres while three-point bending tests on SFRC structural beams under static, drop-weight impact and post-impact static loading tests were conducted to investigate the structural performances. An equal dosage of hooked-end and spiral fibres was found to outperform other blend proportions to provide synergetic reinforcement to concrete matrix in terms of post-cracking resistance, energy absorption capacity and post-impact performance.