bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
45° Grain Boundary Junctions in (001)-Oriented BiSrCaCuO Films
Authors: Takami Tetsuya , Kuroda Ken'ichi , Kojima Kazuyoshi , Kataoka Masayuki , Tanimura Junji , Wada Osamu , Ogama Tetsuo
Published: February 2005

In this study, 45°-rotated [001] tilt boundary junctions were fabricated by controlling the in-plane epitaxy using an MgO seed layer grown on an SrTiO3(001) substrate. The in-plane preferential orientation of the BiSrCaCuO film (2223 composition) grown on the MgO seed layer on the SrTiO3(001) substrate of BiSrCaCuO [100], [010]//MgO[100]//SrTiO3[100] was found using X-ray diffraction. The 45°-rotated [001] tilt boundary junction in the BiSrCaCuO film exhibited RSJ-like behavior. With the use of these junctions, a dc SQUID was fabricated and operated at temperatures up to 65 K.
New Laser-Diode-Pumped CW Laser Based on Nd3+-Ion-Doped Tetragonal LiLuF4 Crystal
Authors: Kaminskii Alexander A. , Ueda Ken-ichi , Uehara Noboru
Published: February 2005

Room-temperature oscillation of a laser-diode-pumped cw Nd3+-ion-doped LiLuF4 laser has been achieved. The crystal has no antireflection coaring, but an output power of 8 mW at 1047 nm and a slope efficiency of 9.2 % have been obtained at absorbed pump power of 330 mW at 805 nm.
Valence Band Density of States of Palladium Silicides Studied by X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES)
Authors: Kawamoto Satoshi , Hirai Masaaki , Kusaka Masahiko , Nakamura Hatsuo , Watabe Motohiro Iwami
Published: February 2005

The valence band (VB) electronic state of the transition metal silicides, Pd2Si and PdSi, is studied by X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and it is proposed that the Si(s) electronic state is present near the Fermi edge of the VB density of states (VB-DOS) of Pd silicides. This conclusion is in clear contrast to a previous proposal, where it is claimed that the upper part of the valence band of transition metal silicide consists only of Si(3p)-metal(d) hybridized states.
Layer Structure and Electrical Properties of Stripe-Shaped Domains Observed in the Initial Alignment State of Surface-Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Cyrstal Cells
Authors: Yasufumi Asao Yasufumi Asao , Tatsuo Uchida Tatsuo Uchida
Published: February 2005

Zig zag defects in a Surface-Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (SSFLC) are clearly explained using a chevron layer structure model proposed by Clark et al.1) However, stripe-shaped alignment defects observed in the initial alignment state are not yet fully understood. We have proposed a model based on Clark's theory to explain stripe-shaped defects. We confirmed their validity by X-ray diffraction and optical measurements. Furthermore we showed that the measured polarization switching current and the average spontaneous polarization in a SSFLC with stripe-shaped defects are consistent with our theory.
Highly Ordered Thin Films of a Novel Less-Symmetrical Metallophthalocyanine Formed by Organic Molecular Beam Deposition
Authors: Maruno Tohru , Yamashita Akira , Hayashi Takayoshi , Konami Hideo , Hatano Masahiro , Shiratori Yuichi , Ohhira Kazue
Published: February 2005

We describe highly ordered thin films of metallophthalocyanine (MPc) formed by an organic molecular beam deposition technique using a novel less-symmetrical MPc derivative, 2,3:12,13-dibenzophthalocyaninato-Zn(II). Ordered structure is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as by polarization spectroscopy. At a substrate temperature of about 200°C, strip-shaped crystals with sub-micron grain sizes are aligned in one direction over the whole 10×13-mm surface of the sapphire (11̄02) substrate. The dichroic ratio at the Q-band peak is more than 5 for as-deposited films.
Surface Layer Analysis of Sputter-Etched Si Using Secondary Electrons Induced by Fast Ions
Authors: Kudo Hiroshi , Ishihara Eiji Yoshida
Published: February 2005

Thicknesses of amorphized layers on Si(100), (110), and (111) wafers resulting from 45° sputter cleaning with Ar+ in the energy range from 1 to 5 keV have been determined by analyzing secondary electrons induced by 40 MeV O5+ under channeling incidence conditions. Thickness is independent of wafer orientation and increases approximately linearly with Ar+ energy up to 35±5 Å for 5 keV Ar+. Since in the analysis an ambiguity associated with the surface condition of undamaged crystal is eliminated, this method is extremely useful for investigating nanometer-thick disordered surfaces.
Synthesis of Tl-Base High-Tc Superconducting Oxides through a Diffusion Process
Authors: Tachikawa Kyoji , Koichi Zama Koichi Zama , Akihiro Kikuchi Akihiro Kikuchi
Published: February 2005

In Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O (TBCCO) diffusion composites, the 2223 phase, which shows an offset T
c of 119 K, has been easily formed. Ag addition and F addition to the coating layer of the composites enhance the diffusion reaction and decrease the optimum reaction temperature. F addition to the coating layer of the TBCCO diffusion composite increases the critical current and reduces its degradation in magnetic field at 77 K. A fine dispersion of F is observed in the TBCCO diffusion layer. A critical current density of several thousand A/cm2 is obtained at 77 K and 0 T in the TBCCO diffusion layer without any mechanical fabrication procedure.
Properties of YBa2Cu3O7-y Large Washer SQUID
Authors: Tanaka Saburo , Nagaishi Hideo Itozaki
Published: February 2005

For practical purposes of SQUIDs, the magnetic field sensitivity should be enhanced. Since the flux capture area of SQUIDs is proportional to the product of the hole size and the outer dimension of the washer, higher magnetic field sensitivity is expected when the hole sizes or the washer sizes are enlarged. We have fabricated YBa2Cu3O7-y
SQUIDs with large washers (11 mm×11 mm) and investigated these properties. As a result the magnetic field sensitivity was improved by a focussing effect and was 0.34 pT/Hz1/2 at a white noise level.
High-Power 780 nm AlGaAs Narrow-Stripe Window Structure Lasers with Window Grown on Facets
Authors: Matsumoto Mitsuhiro , Sasaki Kazuaki , Kondo Masaki , Ishizumi Takashi , Takeoka Tadashi , Nakatsu Hiroshi , Watanabe Masanori , Osamu Yamamoto Osamu Yamamoto , Saburo Yamamoto Saburo Yamamoto
Published: February 2005

A novel window structure referred to as window grown on facets (WGF) is applied to a 10%-95% coated narrow-stripe laser with a wavelength of 780 nm. An aspect ratio of 2 in the beam divergence without a decrease in the differential quantum efficiency is obtained by optimizing the narrow-stripe structure. Highly reliable operation under 70 mW CW at 60°C is attained beyond 4000 hours.
Alignment of Nematic Liquid Crystal Using Polyimide Langmuir-Blodgett Films (II)
Authors: Murata Makoto , Uekita Masakazu , Nakajima Yasushi , Saitoh Kouhei
Published: February 2005

A new nonrubbed alignment film for nematic liquid crystals has been developed, which consists of a polyimide precursor Langmuir-Blodgett film with long alkyl groups. In addition, we have discovered that the pretilt angle of nematic liquid crystals can be controlled by changing the thermal treatment temperature of the polyimide precursor Langmuir-Blodgett films.
Selective Area Epitaxy of GaSb by Metal-Organic Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Liu Xuefeng , Asahi Hajime , Okuno Yasutoshi , Keishi Inoue Keishi Inoue , Shun-ichi Gonda Shun-ichi Gonda
Published: February 2005

Selective area epitaxy (SAE) of GaSb by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE) on (001)GaSb substrates patterned with SiO2 films is demonstrated using triethylgallium (TEGa) and Sb4. It is found that the SAE strongly depends on the growth temperature and the flow rate of TEGa and is easily achieved at low TEGa flow rates and elevated growth temperatures. The Sb4 flux dependence is also observed. The critical growth temperature for the SAE of GaSb is lower than that of GaAs. A MOMBE selective area growth model is proposed to explain these experimental results simultaneously. The destruction of the SAE is considered to be related to the surface concentrations of group III and group V species on the SiO2 surface as well as the bond strength between Ga and Sb (As).
Flux Pinning Characteristics in Bi-2212 Single Crystal
Authors: Matsushita Teruo , Nakatani Tatsuhiko , Otabe Edmund Soji , Yamafuji Kaoru , Takamuku Kenji , Koshizuka Naoki
Published: February 2005

Measurements were carried out on the critical current density and irreversibility line for a Bi-2212 single crystal prepared by the traveling solvent floating zone method. The observed critical current density was about two orders of magnitude smaller than that in a Bi-2212 specimen prepared by a melt process. This seems to be attributable to the small number density of effective pinning centers in the single crystal. The corresponding irreversibility field is also smaller than that of the melt-processed specimen. It is concluded from the result that the irreversibility field is largely influenced by the flux pinning strength.
Resistive Transition in EuBa2Cu3O7-y Epitaxial Thin Films
Authors: Suzuki Minoru , Hidefumi Asano Hidefumi Asano , Shugo Kubo Shugo Kubo
Published: February 2005

From the measurements of the resistive transition curves induced by a magnetic field for EuBa2Cu3O7-y
epitaxial thin films, it is found that the resistivity ρ below T
c scales as ρ(T) = ρ0 exp{-U
0[1-T/T
c(H)]
n
/k
B
T}, where n = 2.5 for H ⊥c and n = 2 for H ∥c. This behavior is explained phenomenologically by the dissipation arising from the thermally activated motion of vortices in a temperature range near T
c. Numerical fitting provides values for the mean-field upper critical fields as a function of T, which delineate straight boundaries in the H-T phase diagram.
Photoluminescence Excitation Spectroscopy of the Lasing Transition in Zn0.85Cd0.15Se-ZnS0.08Se0.92 Multiple Quantum Wells
Authors: Kawakami Yoichi , Cavenett Brian C. , Ichino Kunio , Fujita Shizuo , Fujita Shigeo
Published: February 2005

Stimulated emission from a Zn0.85Cd0.15Se-ZnS0.08Se0.92 multiple quantum well has been investigated in detail by means of photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy using a pulsed dye laser covering a spectral range from the lowest band edge to the higher subbands in the Zn0.85Cd0.15Se wells and including the band edge of the ZnS0.08Se0.92 barriers or confinement layers. It has been shown that the lowest thresholds are achieved when the layers are resonantly excited at the photon energy of the n= 1 heavy-hole exciton state, confirming that excitons play an important role in determing the lasing transition in this structure.
Thermal Excitation of Dyes Doped in Amorphous Material Investigated by Laser-Induced Hole Filling in Photochemical Hole-Burning
Authors: Horie Norio Murase
Published: February 2005

This letter reports the detection of thermal excitation of dyes doped in an amorphous material by photochemical hole-burning. Our sample is sulfonated tetraphenylporphin (TPPS) doped in poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at 4.2 K, 15 K and 20 K. We measured the extent of laser-induced hole filling (LIHF) for holes, using the irradiation of longer-wavelength light as a function of wavelength difference between the filled holes and irradiation light. Our results for wavelength difference and temperature dependence of the extent of LIHF can be explained by a cage model: the TPPS dye in PVA is confined to a rigid square well potential ≈0.40 Å long. The energy of the TPPS in the electronic ground state is thermally distributed in the well. The validity of the cage model and the possibilities of more appropriate models are also discussed.
Electrical Properties of GaAs Overgrown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Gallium Ion Implanted Substrates
Authors: Ishibashi Tadao , Fischer Albrecht , Andreas D. Wieck Andreas D. Wieck , Klaus H. Ploog Klaus H. Ploog
Published: February 2005

We describe the electrical properties of GaAs overgrown by molecular beam epitaxy on 100 kV Ga+ ion implanted substrates. Room-temperature carrier mobilities of the overgrown layers maintain good values for Ga doses up to 1014/cm2. With increasing Ga dose, the conductances of the overgrown layers shows a significant reduction, which is attributed to carrier depletion caused by ionized deep acceptors in the Ga-implanted layer. This effect can be almost entirely screened out when GaAs layers are overgrown directly on Ga-implanted semi-insulating substrates.
GaAsP Layers Grown on (111)-Oriented GaAs Substrates by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Karaki Koichi , Yaguchi Hiroyuki , Onabe Kentaro , Shiraki Yasuhiro , Ito Ryoichi
Published: February 2005

High-quality GaAsP layers have been grown on (111)B GaAs substrates for the first time by means of low-pressure (60 Torr) metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and characterized by double-crystal X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Despite the large lattice mismatch between the GaAsP epitaxial layers and GaAs substrates, the GaAsP layers grown at higher temperature and higher V/III gas flow ratio as compared to the corresponding growth on a (100)-oriented GaAs substrate, exhibit smooth surface morphology, unambiguous X-ray diffraction peak, and intense optical emission.
Effect of New Point-of-Use Purifier for AsH3 and PH3
Authors: Ubukata Akinori , Matsumoto Koh , Ikeda Takuya , Takahashi Yasuhiro , Hasegawa Hideharu , Yamaguchi Akira
Published: February 2005

We have developed a novel catalyst to selectively reduce the amount of residual SiH4 and H2S as well as H2O in AsH3 and PH3 gases. The effectiveness of the point-of-use purifier in growing high-purity GaAs and InP by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) is presented. It is demonstrated that undoped InP with total carrier concentration as low as 1.0×1014 cm-3 and mobility over 200,000 cm2/V·s at 77 K can be obtained reproducibly, using purified PH3 which was intentionally doped with 740 ppb H2S. High-resistivity p-type GaAs was reproducibly obtained through purification of AsH3 which was intentionally doped with 15 ppb SiH4. PL intensity of Al0.25Ga0.75As at 77 K was increased twofold as a result of point-of-use purification.
High Current Density in Amorphous Silicon/Siliconcarbide Double-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Device on Aluminum/Silicon Substrate
Authors: Chen Kuin-Hui , Fang Yean-Kuen , Liu Ching-Ru , Jun-Dar Hwang Jun-Dar Hwang , Kun-Shiu Wu Kun-Shiu Wu
Published: February 2005

The resonant tunneling phenomena through the amorphous silicon/siliconcarbide (a-Si:H/a-SiC:H) double-barrier structure have been studied. The double-barrier structures were prepared on three different substrates: crystalline silicon, ITO/glass, and Al/Si. The effects of electron concentration in the injection/collection regions and of operating temperature on the resonant tunneling current density were investigated. High current densities of 3×105 A/m2 and 2.1×106 A/m2 were obtained at room temperature and at 77 K, respectively, on Al/Si substrates.
Effects of Thickness on Dislocations in GaP on Si Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Soga Tetsuo , Jimbo Takashi , Umeno Masayoshi
Published: February 2005

GaP grown on Si under high V/III ratio by means of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition has been characterized by using conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. GaP has been grown on Si two-dimensionally from the beginning of the growth under high V/III ratio. Dislocations are not observed when the GaP layer-thickness is less than 90 nm. On the other hand, dislocations are observed at the interface when the GaP layer is thicker than 90 nm. The dislocation density at the interface increases and the GaP/Si interface becomes wavy with increasing thickness. The origins of these dislocations are the thermal stress and the lattice mismatch.
Sub-5 µm Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell on Alumina Ceramic Substrate
Authors: Ishii Kenichi , Nishikawa Hideshi , Tetsuo Takahashi Tetsuo Takahashi , Yutaka Hayashi Yutaka Hayashi
Published: February 2005

Thin film crystalline silicon with the thickness of 3-5 µm was formed on a low-cost alumina ceramic substrate using the laser-beam melt and crystallization (LMC) technique. In the LMC process, buffer layers were introduced between the thin film crystalline silicon and the alumina ceramic substrate to enlarge grain sizes, to reduce stress and to prevent unwanted impurity contamination from the substrate. Thin film crystalline silicon solar cells were experimentally fabricated, and one of them showed a conversion efficiency of 5.9%, short-circuit current of 23.3 mA/cm2 and open-circuit voltage of 0.48 V for the silicon film thickness of 4.2 µm.
Single-Line and Diffraction-Limited UV Nitrogen Oscillator-Amplifier Lasers
Authors: Kurniawan Hendrick , Yamada Tatsuo , Kagawa Kiichiro , Takao Kobayashi Takao Kobayashi
Published: February 2005

A new design of the transversely excited (TE) nitrogen laser master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) system is presented, which provides a coherent beam with nearly diffraction-limited divergence and single-line narrow band spectrum. A Fabry-Perot etalon was inserted into the oscillator cavity and the output beam was amplified by the power amplifier. The output power was 0.5 mJ with coherence length of 25 cm, which corresponds to the spectral width of 1.2 GHz. The brightness of the laser beam was as high as 2.2×1020W/m2·sr·nm, which is about 105higher than the value of that of conventional nitrogen lasers.
Gas Desorption Analysis on the Surface of ZnO(0001̄) after Hydrogen Ion Irradiation
Authors: Jiang Hong , Yoneyama Ken-ichi , Minagawa Hideki , Mizuno Seigi , Kadowaki Tohru , Matsudaira Kazuhiko , Tochihara Hiroshi , Watanabe Kazunobu Hayakawa
Published: February 2005

The Gas desorption on the surface of zinc oxide (0001̄) after hydrogen ion irradiation was studied. The desorption gases were measured by means of temperature programmed desorption (TPD) from room temperature to 800°C. Most of the incident hydrogen ions were trapped in zinc oxide. The trapped hydrogen was desorbed in the form of H2 and H2O. The desorption of hydrogen was through a first-order reaction against hydrogen ion fluence, and the rate-determining process seemed to be hydrogen diffusion from the bulk to the surface. The desorption of water vapour which was caused by reaction between oxygen and hydrogen was limited by the desorption of hydrogen. When carbon monoxide was introduced on the zinc oxide surface under hydrogen ion irradiation, the hydrogen desorption spectrum was different from that of only hydrogen irradiation. The difference between these spectra was similar to the desorption spectrum with a peak at 530°C.
Pattern Fabrication of Chemically Amplified Resist on an Interdigitated Array Electrode
Authors: Nakamura Jiro , Ban Hiroshi , Morita Masao , Akinobu Tanaka Akinobu Tanaka
Published: February 2005

The patterning of the chemically amplified resist SAL601 on an interdigitated array electrode (IDA) has been carried out. When direct current is applied to resist films during the post-exposure baking process, the resist sensitivity is low near the edge of the cathode on the IDA and there is a semicircular cavity in a cross-sectional-developed pattern. It is considered that catalytic protons generated during exposure reduce, becoming electrically neutral on the cathode surface and losing their catalytic ability for crosslinking reactions. From the size of the cavity, the acid diffusion coefficient can be roughly estimated to be 70 nm2/s.
Photoluminescence in Copolymers of Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and Poly(2,5-dimethoxy-p-phenylene vinylene)
Authors: Onoda Mitsuyoshi , Morita Shigenori , Yoshino Hiroshi Nakayama
Published: February 2005

Photoluminescence in copolymers of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(2,5-dimethoxy-p-phenylene vinylene) (MeO-PPV) have been investigated. With increasing MeO-PPV molarity the emission intensity of PPV decreases, and above MeO-PPV molarity of 0.33 the emission spectra are almost the same as that of pure MeO-PPV. These results are discussed in terms of the quenching effect due to MeO-PPV and intrachain interaction which influence on the dynamics of excited species and recombination.
Stress in NbCxN1-x Films Prepared by Reactive Rf Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Kiryu Shogo , Shoji Akira , Kodaira Satoshi Kohjiro
Published: February 2005

Stress in reactively sputter-deposited NbC
x
N1-x
films was measured. It was found that the stress in NbC
x
N1-x
films strongly depended on the total sputtering gas pressure P
t. Films deposited at P
t≥2.0 Pa had very small stress values (<2.0×108 Pa). On the other hand, films deposited at P
t≤1.1 Pa had large compressive stress values. The results of X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the stress in NbC
x
N1-x
films was strongly related to the ratio of (111) and (200) grains in the films. We also observed the surface morphology of deposited films by scanning electron microscopy and found that the stress in deposited films is affected by the microstructure of the films.
Second Harmonic Generation in Poled Tellurite Glasses
Authors: Tanaka Katsuhisa , Kashima Kenichi , Hirao Kazuyuki , Soga Naohiro , Mito Akihiro , Nasu Hiroyuki
Published: February 2005

Second harmonic generation has been observed in electrically poled tellurite glasses with 80TeO2·10Li2O·10Nb2O5 and 70TeO2·15Li2O·15Nb2O5 compositions. The poling was carried out at 200 to 300°C for 30 min under applied dc field of 4 to 5 kV. To explain the mechanism generating the second-order nonlinearity in the poled tellurite glasses, it is proposed that strong local polarization is caused by migration of lithium ions and/or periodic orientation of lone pairs of electrons in the tellurium ions.
Radiative Energy Transfer in GaN:Mg/Al2O3:Cr3+ Epitaxial Systems
Authors: Maier Karin , Schneider Jürgen , Akasaki Isamu , Amano Hiroshi
Published: February 2005

A photoluminescence study of undoped and Mg-doped GaN epitaxial layers grown by means of metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on sapphire (Al2O3) substrates is reported. In undoped n-type GaN the characteristic exciton emissions are observed near the band gap (E
g=3.47 eV). Mg-doped GaN shows a very strong blue donor-acceptor recombination band at about 3.2 eV. Only in these samples is a sharp line detected at 1.79 eV which is due to the characteristic R1,2 lines of Cr3+(3d3) trace impurities in the Al2O3 substrate. An obvious explanation for this effect is the very efficient radiative energy transfer from the GaN:Mg layer emitting blue photons into the absorption band 4A2→4T1 of Cr3+(3d3) trace impurities in the Al2O3 substrate.
Ferroelectric Properties in Polyamides of m-Xylylenediamine and Dicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Murata Yukinobu , Tsunashima Kenji , Koizumi Naokazu , Ogami Kinji , Fumihiko Hosokawa Fumihiko Hosokawa , Kimie Yokoyama Kimie Yokoyama
Published: February 2005

The relationship between electric displacement D and electric field E was studied for polyamides consisting of m-xylylenediamine and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with numbers of carbon atoms from 6 to 11 and 13. Regardless of the number of carbon atoms in the acids, quenched samples of these polyamides exhibit a D-E hysteresis loop with remanent polarization of 23-67 mC·m-2. Polarization is related to the amide groups aligned by the electric field.
Second-Harmonic Generation in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Polymer
Authors: Ozaki Masanori , Utsumi Manabu , Skarp Katsumi Yoshino
Published: February 2005

The second-order nonlinear optical properties of ferroelectric liquid crystalline polymer have been studied. Angular phase-matched second-harmonic generation (SHG) is observed in the chiral smectic C phase of siloxane copolymer with chiral mesogen in the side chain. The effective nonlinear optical coefficient d
eff under the phase-matching condition is determined.
In Situ Observation and Selective Electrochemical Deposition of Polypyrrole by Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Authors: Sasano Kiyotaka , Kazunori Nakamura Kazunori Nakamura , Keiichi Kaneto Keiichi Kaneto
Published: February 2005

Electrodeposition of polypyrrole and its selective deposition on a highly oriented pyrolytic garaphite asubstrate was observed in situ by means of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in an electrochemical cell. The results indicated that the STM can be used to manipulate the electrodeposition of conducting polymers.
Photoabsorption Spectra of Si(CH3O)4, Si(CH3O)2(C6H5)2, Si(C2H5O)4, Ti(i-C3H7O), and BCl3 in the Region of 6-9.6 eV
Authors: Awazu Koichi , Ibuki Hideo Onuki
Published: February 2005

The total photoabsorption cross sections (σt) of gaseous Si(RO)4 (RO=CH3O and C2H5O), Si(CH3O)2(C6H5)2: Ti(i-C3H7O)4, and BCl3 have been measured in the region of hν=6-9.6 eV. In the compounds containing alkoxy groups, the photoabsorption bands observed around 6.9 eV and 7.7-8.5 eV are tentatively assigned as the 3s and 3p Rydberg excitations of the non-bonding electron of an oxygen atom (n
o), respectively. The σt values for 3p→n
o Rydberg lie in the region of 40-50 Mb. The photoabsorption bands of BCl3 observed at 7.1, 8.35, and 9.1 eV, in which the peak at 7.1 eV has a large at 300 Mb, are assigned as the π* valence shell, 4s, and 4p Rydberg transitions of the outermost lone pair electron of a chlorine atom, respectively.
Photoinduced Oxidation of Epitaxial Ga2Se3 Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Kojima Nobuaki , Yamada Akira , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Okamoto Tamotsu , Konagai Makoto , Saito Koki
Published: February 2005

Epitaxial Ga2Se3 films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaP substrates. The photoinduced oxidation of epitaxial Ga2Se3 was observed using Ar+ laser irradiation. Furthermore, it was suggested from the Auger analysis that the crystal structure of oxidized material was Ga2O3. The transparency of Ga2Se3 film grown on quartz glass increased due to laser irradiation, this phenomenon could be explained by the large bandgap difference between Ga2Se3 and Ga2O3.
Apparent Recovery Effect of Hydrogenated Pd-on-GaAs (n-Type) Schottky Interface by Forward Current at Low Temperature*
Authors: Nannichi Heng-Yong Nie
Published: February 2005

The hydrogen-induced charge in the hydrogenated Pd-on-GaAs (n-type) Schottky interface was observed to diminish upon application of forward current at low temperature. This apparent recovery disappears when the sample is heated towards room temperature, that is, the hydrogen-induced charge is reobserved without additional hydrogenation. Thus, it is conceivable that this apparent recovery effect is not due to the removal of the hydrogen, but to variation of the charge state of the hydrogen due to the trapping of the electrons.
Magnetic Field Dependence of High Jc YBa2Cu3O7-x/Au/Nb Junctions Using a-Axis-Oriented YBa2Cu3O7-x Thin Films
Authors: Terai Hirotaka , Fujimaki Akira , Yoshiaki Takai Yoshiaki Takai , Hisao Hayakawa Hisao Hayakawa
Published: February 2005

We fabricated YBa2Cu3O7-x
(YBCO)/Au/Nb Josephson junctions and observed an extremely high critical current using a-axis-oriented YBCO thin films. The magnetic field response of the junctions revealed that a large kinetic inductance of the a-axis-oriented YBCO thin film strongly affects the supercurrent distribution in the junction. From the analysis of the magnetic field dependences, we obtained the critical current density of 1.0×109 A/m2 and the London penetration depth of 0.7 µm in the a-axis direction of YBCO.
Recombination Laser in Exploding Copper-Wire Plasma
Authors: Saitoh Minoru , Tada Masahiro , Reiichi Hashimoto Reiichi Hashimoto , Sumio Kogoshi Sumio Kogoshi
Published: February 2005

A small signal gain of 0.48 cm-1 and laser action at λ∼510.6 nm were obtained from exploding copper-wire plasma with discharge current of 30 kA and a copper wire whose length is 3.5 cm and diameter is 30 µm.
1,2,4-Triazole Derivative as an Electron Transport Layer in Organic Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Kido Junji , Ohtaki Chikau , Hongawa Kenichi , Okuyama Katsuro , Katsutoshi Nagai Katsutoshi Nagai
Published: February 2005

Organic electroluminescent devices with multilayer structures were fabricated using a 1,2,4-triazole derivative as the carrier transport layer. 3-(4-Biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ) was found to be electron-transporting, and a cell with a structure of glass substrate/indium-tin oxide/triphenylamine derivative (TPD)/TAZ/Alq/Mg:Ag exhibited bright blue electroluminescence from the TPD layer. A luminance of 3700 cd/m2 with an emission peak at 464 nm was achieved at a drive voltage of 16 V.
Color-Variable Light-Emitting Diode Utilizing Conducting Polymer Containing Fluorescent Dye
Authors: Uchida Masao , Ohmori Yutaka , Noguchi Takanobu , Ohnishi Toshihiro , Katsumi Yoshino Katsumi Yoshino
Published: February 2005

A color-variable light-emitting diode has been realized utilizing conducting polymer, poly(2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylene vinylene) (ROPPV-8), mixed with fluorescent dye, 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3). The electroluminescence of the diode changes from orange to greenish-yellow in color with increasing applied voltage. On the other hand, a light-emitting diode with the two-layer structure of ROPPV-8 and Alq3 shows only light emission from the ROPPV-8 layer. This difference is discussed in terms of the carrier injection process to Alq3.
Influence of V/III Molar Ratio on Deep Traps in Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown InAlAs Layers
Authors: Naritsuka Shigeya , Noda Takao , Wagai Aki , Shinobu Fujita Shinobu Fujita , Yasuo Ashizawa Yasuo Ashizawa
Published: February 2005

The V/III molar ratio dependence of deep traps in InAlAs layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is studied. Three kinds of deep traps–A (0.7 eV), B (0.5 eV), and C (0.07 eV)–are observed and their concentrations decrease drastically with increasing V/III molar ratio. The concentrations of these traps are also affected by the purity of the trimethylaluminum source. Trap A concentration and donor concentration show strong correlation with the oxygen concentration. This indicates that oxygen is the most probable candidate not only for trap A but also for deep donors.
Alignment Control of a Liquid Crystal on a Photosensitive Polyvinylalcohol Film
Authors: Iimura Yasufumi , Kusano Jun-ichi , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Aoyagi Yoshinobu , Sugano Takuo
Published: February 2005

The photoinduced optical anisotropy of an azo dye-doped polyvinylalcohol film has been utilized for controlling the azimuthal alignment of a liquid crystal. The dynamic behaviors of the optical transmission of the film and of a liquid crystal layer aligned on the film are studied using linearly polarized pumping (Ar+ laser) and probing (He-Ne laser) beams. The results show that the azo dye-doped polyvinylalcohol film memorizes the information on the polarization direction of the exciting laser beam and the resulting anisotropy induced in the film causes adjacent liquid crystal molecules on the film to rotate azimuthally.
Electrical Breakdown Assisted by Shock Wave in Benzene
Authors: Yamada Hiroshi , Fujiwara Tamiya , Kazusa Kusano Kazusa Kusano , Yoshibumi Yamauchi Yoshibumi Yamauchi
Published: February 2005

Observation using high-speed photography shows that the propagation velocity of a positive streamer in benzene is independent of the applied field over a certain range of applied voltage and that this field-independent propagation process is always accompanied by a shock wave. The streamer propagation velocity is also obtained from the linear relationship between formative time lag and gap spacing. The streamer velocity of 1.3 km·s-1 is equal to the sonic one in benzene. The results presented support a model of a positive breakdown mechanism based on a field ionization process involving thermal excitation and polarization.
Optical Emission Studies on Chemical Species in an Arc Flame of Fullerene/Metallofullerene Generator
Authors: Yahachi Saito Yahachi Saito , Motonori Inagaki Motonori Inagaki
Published: February 2005

Optical emission around an evaporation source of carbon (and metal/carbon composite) has been studied. For the evaporation of pure graphite, C2 bands and C and C+ lines were observed. When metal (La or Sc)/carbon composite was evaporated, many emission lines due to neutral and ionized metal atoms were observed in addition to the C2 bands and C and C+ lines. An effect of polarization force induced by metal ions on the nucleation of metallo-fullerenes is noted.
Medium-Energy Ion Spectroscopy Using Ion Implanter
Authors: Radzimski Zbigniew J. , Yokoyama Shin , Ishibashi Kensaku , Nishiyama Fumitaka , Masataka Hirose Masataka Hirose
Published: February 2005

An ion-implanter-based medium-energy ion spectroscopy system equipped with a solid-state detector has been developed and its performance has been studied with respect to an ultrathin gold layer/Si(110) system and arsenic-implanted silicon layers. The energy spectra have been taken at an incident He+ ion energy of less than 200 keV. A very thin layer of silicon migrating through the Au layer during low-temperature annealing has been detected. It is demonstrated that arsenic atoms implanted at a dose of 4×1013 cm-2 are clearly observable. The disordered silicon layer induced by 14 keV As+ ion implantation with a dose of 2.3×1012 cm-2 has also been detected.
A Novel Post-Hydrogenation Process for Chemical-Vapor-Deposited a-Si Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Sugiura Osamu , Toshiaki Shiraiwa Toshiaki Shiraiwa , Masakiyo Matsumura Masakiyo Matsumura
Published: February 2005

A novel post-hydrogenation method for chemical-vapor-deposited amorphous-silicon (CVD a-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs) has been proposed. Samples were annealed in the presence of the atomic hydrogen generated by a hot tungsten filament. The dependence of the amount of adsorbed hydrogen on annealing period, filament temperature and total gas pressure was described. A-Si TFTs which were post-hydrogenated by means of the hot-filament method showed an electron mobility of 1.1 cm2/V·s. The lifetime and diffusion length of atomic hydrogen were estimated.
Observation of Hexatic Vortex Glass in Al-Doped YBa2Cu3O7-x Single Crystals
Authors: Sasaki Katsuhiro , Grigorieva Irena , Bagnall Kate , Midgley Paul , Mori Takeshi , Wilson John , Steeds John
Published: February 2005

The high-resolution Bitter pattern technique has been used to observe the vortex structure in 4% Al-doped YBa2Cu3O7-x
single crystals at low magnetic fields in the range of 5-20 G. Analysis of the images showed development of both translational and orientational order in the vortex arrangement with an increase of the magnetic field. However, in all fields, the translational order decayed much faster than the orientational order, indicating the existence of a hexatic vortex glass state. Comparison of the results obtained with the existing data on Ba2.1Sr1.9Ca0.9Cu2O8+x
and twin-free regions of YBa2Cu3O7-x
suggests a similar behaviour of vortex ordering in all three materials.
No effects of lifelong creatine supplementation on sarcopenia in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8)
Authors: Derave Wim , Eijnde Bert O. , Ramaekers Monique , Hespel Peter
Published: February 2005

Oral creatine supplementation can acutely ameliorate skeletal muscle function in older humans, but its value in the prevention of sarcopenia remains unknown. We evaluated the effects of lifelong creatine supplementation on muscle mass and morphology, contractility, and metabolic properties in a mouse model of muscle senescence. Male senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8) were fed control or creatine-supplemented (2% of food intake) diet from the age of 10 to 60 wk. Soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were tested for in vitro contractile properties, creatine content, and morphology at weeks 25 and 60. Both muscle types showed reduced phosphocreatine content at week 60 that could not be prevented by creatine. Accordingly, age-associated decline in muscle mass and contractility was not influenced by treatment. Aged soleus muscles had fewer and smaller fast-twitch glycolytic fibers irrespective of treatment received. It is concluded that lifelong creatine supplementation is no effective strategy to prevent sarcopenia in senescence-accelerated mice.
Distinct Roles for Lateral and Medial Anterior Prefrontal Cortex in Contextual Recollection
Authors: Simons Jon S. , Gilbert Sam J. , Owen Adrian M. , Fletcher Paul C. , Burgess Paul W.
Published: February 2005

A key feature of human recollection is the ability to remember details of the context in which events were experienced, as well as details of the events themselves. Previous studies have implicated a number of regions of prefrontal cortex in contextual recollection, but the role of anterior prefrontal cortex has so far resisted detailed characterization. We used event-related functional MRI (fMRI) to contrast recollection of two forms of contextual information: 1) decisions one had previously made about stimuli (task memory) and 2) which of two temporally distinct lists those stimuli had been presented in (list memory). In addition, a retrieval cue manipulation permitted evaluation of the stage of the retrieval process in which the activated regions might be involved. The results indicated that anterior prefrontal cortex responded significantly more during recollection of task than list context details. Furthermore, activation profiles for lateral and medial aspects of anterior prefrontal cortex suggested differing roles in recollection. Lateral regions seem to be more involved in the early retrieval specification stages of recollection, with medial regions contributing to later stages (e.g., monitoring and verification).
The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle
Authors: Le Rouzic Erwann , Benichou Serge
Published: February 2005

The genomes of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) encode the gag, pol and env genes and contain at least six supplementary open reading frames termed tat, rev, nef, vif, vpr, vpx and vpu. While the tat and rev genes encode regulatory proteins absolutely required for virus replication, nef, vif, vpr, vpx and vpu encode for small proteins referred to "auxiliary" (or "accessory"), since their expression is usually dispensable for virus growth in many in vitro systems. However, these auxiliary proteins are essential for viral replication and pathogenesis in vivo. The two vpr- and vpx-related genes are found only in members of the HIV-2/SIVsm/SIVmac group, whereas primate lentiviruses from other lineages (HIV-1, SIVcpz, SIVagm, SIVmnd and SIVsyk) contain a single vpr gene. In this review, we will mainly focus on vpr from HIV-1 and discuss the most recent developments in our understanding of Vpr functions and its role during the virus replication cycle.
Jacov Tal (1940 – 2005): remembrances of a friend
Authors: Kaufmann Gabriel , Jeang Kuan-Teh
Published: February 2005

An obituary commemorates the life and works of Jacov Tal.
The role of the vomeronasal system in food preferences of the gray short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica
Authors: Halpern Mimi , Daniels Yasmine , Zuri Ido
Published: February 2005

Although feeding deficits have been reported in snakes and lizards following vomeronasal system disruption, no deficit has been previously reported in a mammal. We tested gray short-tailed opossums with items from four different food categories prior to occluding access to the vomeronasal organ. Preoperatively, opossums preferred meat to fruit or vegetables. Following occlusion of the nasopalatine canal, but not after control treatment, opossums failed to demonstrate food preferences.
Prospective study on cardiopulmonary bypass prime reduction and its effect on intraoperative blood product and hemoconcentrator use
Authors: Sobieski Michael A , Slaughter Mark S , Hart David E , Pappas Patroklos S , Tatooles Antone J
Published: February 2005

Purpose: Evaluate the feasibility and clinical significance of crystalloid prime reduction during the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using a modified bridge on the cardioplegia delivery system.

Methods: Prospective trial of crystalloid prime reduction using a standard Duraflow®-coated CPB circuit and Vanguard® 2:1 cardio plegia delivery system. Standard prime volume was 1500 cc of Plasmalyte. Prime was reduced via the bridge in the cardioplegia system during initiation of CPB. Packed red blood cells (PRBC) were transfused for hematocrit (Hct) less than 24% while rewarming. A hemoconcentrator was used if the patient’s circulating blood volume exceeded 150% of calculated. All data were prospectively collected.

Results: Two hundred and twenty-two consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery utilizing CPB were evaluated. There were 107 patients with normal prime volume (NPV) and 115 patients with reduced prime volume (RPV). There was no significant difference in sex, mean age, weight, body surface area (BSA), pre-op Hct, procedure time or procedure between the two groups. There was no difference in total crystalloids infused by the anesthetists (average NPV 1205 cc versus RPV 1148 cc). The average RPV was 622 cc (range 400 - 1100 cc) or a 59% reduction. Post-op Hct revealed no difference (NPV 28% versus RPV 29%). There was a 24% reduction in patients requiring PRBC (NPV n=23 versus RPV n=18). The use of hemoconcentrators was reduced by 49% (NPV n=18 versus RPV n=11). The average urine output for both groups exceeded 100 cc/hour while on CPB.

Conclusion: Using a modified cardioplegia delivery system is a safe and effective method of CPB prime reduction. A RPV resulted in fewer patients requiring PRBC transfusions and fewer hemoconcentrators used. Based on our experience, we would recommend attempting to reduce prime volume in all patients undergoing CPB.
Patients with Cancer: their approaches to participation in treatment plan decisions
Authors: Ramfelt Ethel , Lützén Kim
Published: February 2005

The aim of this study was to explore experiences of participation in treatment planning decisions from the perspective of patients recently treated for colorectal cancer. Ten patients were purposively selected and interviewed. Constant comparative analysis, the core concept of grounded theory, was used. The dimensions were developed and organized into the main theme of ‘compliant participation in serious decisions’, which was composed of the two variations: complying with participation; and complying without participation. Complying with participation was characterized by feelings of self-confidence and self-competence and by open dialogue between the participants, significant others and the physician. Complying without participation was characterized by participants’ feelings of uncertainty and distress, and of being rushed into submitting to decisions without having time to reflect on the information provided or the opportunity to influence the treatment and care process. To participate (or choosing not to participate) builds on open and affirming dialogue, information and knowledge about the illness. Patient participation in treatment and care decision making is interpreted as a health promoting way of coping with illness.
Selective laser sintering of polyamide-rectorite composite
Authors: Wang Y , Shi Y , Huang S
Published: February 2005

Selective laser sintering is used to prepare components from a kind of blended powder of polyamide 12 (PA12) and organically modified rectorite (OREC). The effects of OREC on the sintering parameters and mechanical properties of the sintered specimens are investigated. The results show that the laser power needed for sintering decreases greatly and the mechanical properties of the sintered specimens are imprved considerbly with the addition of OREC. The differential scanning calorimetry result shows that the crystallization behavior of the PA12-OREC composites is different from that of pure PA12. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope results show that OREC is intercalated by PA12 during the sintering process and PA12-OREC nanocomposites are formed.
Study on Disulfur-backboned Nucleic Acid: Part 2. Efficient Synthesis of 3′,5′-Dithiothymidine
Authors: Wang Hua , Cheng Changmei , Zheng Hongchao , Liu Xiaohong , Fang Chang , Xu Shanshan , Zhao Yufen
Published: February 2005

A novel and convenient procedure for synthesizing 3′,5′-dithiothymidine was described. In this procedure, DBU was used to form the intramolecular ring of 2,3′-anhydrothymidine and then the thioacetic acid was used as solvent as well as the nucleophilic reagent to produce S-acetyl-3′-thiothymidine. A very efficient deprotection step was applied to afford the target compound, which can avoid the oxidization of the thiol groups. And the key intermediate, 5′-O-tosyl-2,3′-anhydrothymidine, was found to have regioselectivity for different nucleophiles.
Formation and Optical Properties of Thin and Wide Tin-doped ZnO Nanobelts
Authors: Fang Xiao-Sheng , Ye Chang-Hui , Zhang Li-De , Li Yan , Xiao Zhi-Dong
Published: February 2005

Thin and wide ZnO nanobelts doped with 5 atom % tin have been achieved under different flowing atmosphere. Photoluminescence measurements show a blue shift in the near band edge (NBE) emission spectrum compared to a bulk single crystal of ZnO and the intensity ratio of the NBE to the green emission of these Sn-doped ZnO nanobelts can be controlled by altering the flowing atmosphere.
Mercury(II) ion Potentiometric Sensor Based on a Sulfur Schiff’s Base 1-(2-Hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide as Ionophore
Authors: Xu Lan , Yuan Ruo , Chai Ya-Qin
Published: February 2005

A PVC membrane sensor for Hg(II) ion based on a sulfur Schiff’s base 1-(2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide (HDPET) as ionophore was prepared. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Hg2+ ions over a wide concentration range 1.0 × 10−2 – 2.0 × 10−6 M. It revealed very good selectivity for Hg2+ over a wide variety of other metal ions and could be used in a pH range of 2.0–5.0.
Pharmacists' Participation in an Inhaled Respiratory Medication Program: Reimbursement of Professional Fees
Authors: Murphy Andrea L , MacKinnon Neil J , Flanagan Priti S , Bowles Susan K , Sketris Ingrid S
Published: February 2005

BACKGROUND:

An intervention (termed Initiative) was initiated to facilitate converting beneficiaries of a public drug insurance program in the province of Nova Scotia from respiratory nebulization medications to inhalers. Community pharmacists provided patient education and billed professional fees for conversions or optimizing inhaled respiratory medication technique.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine community pharmacists' self-reported participation rate and identify facilitators and barriers to billing for professional fees.

METHODS:

A survey was developed and mailed to Nova Scotia pharmacists. Information on demographics, work environment, professional experience, financial aspects, billing experiences, and the billing process was collected. Quantitative and qualitative data were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate analyses, and a thematic process, respectively.

RESULTS:

Two hundred ninety-seven pharmacists responded. Self-reported billing rates for fees were 34% (switching delivery devices), 58% (optimizing AeroChamber use), and 37% (follow-up when replacing Aerochambers). Awareness of fees and the perception of consistent claim reimbursement were associated with billing for each fee (p < 0.05). Predisposing billing factors included awareness of fees, identifying situations requiring education, owner/manager position, male gender, perception that billing for education for optimizing technique is a minimum standard of practice, and prescription volume. Themes identified as barriers included inefficient billing process, inadequate fees, and lack of Initiative awareness.

CONCLUSIONS:

Predisposing factors were the most important facilitators of community pharmacists' participation in this program, while a cumbersome and time-consuming billing process was the primary barrier. Further research should determine the impact of the professional fee on patient health outcomes.