bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Association between Child Emotion Regulation and Aggression, and the Role of Parenting: A Comparison of Three Cultures
Authors: Bozicevic Laura , De Pascalis Leonardo , Schuitmaker Nicole , Tomlinson Mark , Cooper Peter J. , Murray Lynne
Published: August 2016

Background: The ability to regulate emotions is a key developmental achievement acquired during social interactions and associated with better behavioral and social outcomes. We examined the influence of culture on child emotion regulation (ER) and aggression and on early parenting practices, and the role of parenting in child ER. Methods: We assessed 48 mother-infant dyads from three cultures (1 UK, 2 South African) at infant age of 3 months for maternal sensitivity during face-to-face interactions and responses to infant distress during daily life, and at 2 years for child ER strategies and maternally reported aggression. Results: There were cultural differences in child ER, and these were associated with differences in levels of aggression. Maternal strategies in response to early infant distress also differed by culture and predicted later child ER. Maternal sensitivity during face-to-face interactions was not associated with culture and showed no clear relationship with child ER. Conclusion: Cultural differences in maternal responses to infant distress mediated differences in child ER that are, in turn, related to differences in child aggression.
Comparação entre neurectomia por técnica de guilhotina e neurotomia associada à neurorrafia em alça de balde em nervo digital palmar de éguas
Authors: Santana Taís Brito , Gonçalves Gentil Ferreira , Eurides Duvaldo , Araújo Eduardo José De Almeida , Romagnolli Patricia , Leme Marshal Costa , Cerci Guilherme Sales , Cunha Neto Campo Amor Vieira da
Published: August 2016

O nervo digital palmar (NDP) lateral do membro torácico direito (MTD) de cinco equinos fêmeas foi submetido à neurectomia pela técnica da guilhotina, e o do membro torácico esquerdo (MTE) à neurotomia e neurorrafia término-lateral. Os animais foram avaliados a cada 15 dias quanto ao teste de sensibilidade cutânea com pressão local com pinça de casco e de claudicação, não sendo notados sinais clínicos de neuroma doloroso. Aos 60 dias pós-cirurgia coletou-se segmentos dos cotos proximais dos NDPs. Os dos MTDs apresentavam em média, a espessura de 7,16 mm e aos dos MTEs de 5,96 mm. Nos cotos proximais dos nervos dos membros direito e esquerdo notou-se predominância de células de Schwann à grande quantidade de tecido conjuntivo cicatricial. Os do MTEs apresentavam estruturas de nervo típico, bem constituídas, com maior organização do tecido nervoso e predomínio de fibras nervosas orientadas paralelamente. A neurorrafia termino-lateral apresentou tendência a ocasionar maior organização entre as estruturas analisadas, o que lhe conferiu menor potencial em desenvolver neuromas dolorosos.
Cloacal enterobacteria isolated from captive roadside hawks (Rupornis magnirostris, GMELIN, 1788) and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile
Authors: Silva Ewerton Fylipe De Araújo , Barros Joanna Francyne Silva de , Fraga Kleber Botelho , Magalhães Carolina Peixoto , Garcia José Eduardo , Cavalcanti Isabella Macário Ferro
Published: August 2016

O conhecimento das enterobactérias presentes em Gavião-carijó pode trazer uma compreensão sobre as doenças infecciosas que podem acometer essa ave, como também outros animais e/ou humanos, além de trazer mais informações sobre essa espécie de grande importância ecológica. Desta forma, o objetivo do estudo foi determinar as enterobactérias presentes na cloaca de Gaviões-carijós cativos e seu perfil de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. Inicialmente, foram coletadas amostras cloacais de nove espécimes com o auxílio de swabs. As amostras foram plaqueadas em ágar MacConkey, ágar Hektoen, ágar EMB e ágar SS e incubadas por 24 h a 35°C. Após incubação, as colônias foram submetidas às provas bioquímicas para confirmação da presença de enterobactérias. Posteriormente, o perfil de susceptibilidade das bactérias frente a agentes antimicrobianos foi avaliado através do teste da difusão em disco de acordo com o Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Escherichia coli (77,8%), Klebsiella oxytoca (11,1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11,1%) e Salmonella spp. (55,6%) foram isoladas das amostras coletadas. Dentre as cepas isoladas, algumas apresentaram resistência a até três antimicrobianos. O presente estudo trouxe um maior conhecimento sobre as enterobactérias presentes no Gavião-carijó (Rupornis magnirostris), mostrando um percentual significativo de enterobactérias de importância na saúde pública, evidenciando também a ocorrência de cepas com perfil de resistência a agentes antimicrobianos.
The quality of life of Hansen’s disease patients in a medium-sized city
Authors: Simões Siliana , Castro Sybelle S. , Scatena Lucia M , Castro Rafael O. , Lau Fernanda A.
Published: August 2016

Study model: cross-sectional study. Objectives: describe the epidemiological profile of HD patients in Uberaba, Minas Gerais, assess their quality of life and verify the association of quality of life with epidemiological and sociodemographic variables. Methods: In order to evaluate the quality of life, we applied the instrument proposed by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-bref) and a questionnaire of the epidemiological profile built by the authors. The descriptive statistical analysis and the T-Student and Mann-Whitney tests were used. Participation consisted of 29 HD patients. Results: There was a predominance of married male patients with low education and income. The highest quality of life scores were found in social and psychological relationships; the environmental and physical factors obtained the lowest scores. We observed better quality of life in individuals over the age of 60, in social (p=0.0267) and environmental (p=0.0359) relationships; married, in the physical aspect (p=0.0495); and with low education, in the physical (p=0.03) and psychological (p=0.0084) aspects. Conclusions: The study demonstrated the aspects of vulnerability and support to HD patients, presenting better quality of life in elderly, married individuals with low education
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus types in women attending at University hospital in southern Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Lisiane O , Vieira Valdimara C , Germano Fabiana N , Gonçalves Carla V , Soares Marcelo A , Martinez Ana M B
Published: August 2016

Study design: cross-sectional. Objective: To determine the HPV prevalence and genotypes in women treated at University Hospital in southern Brazil. Methodology: Cervical cells samples from 200 women were collected. HPV was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction and genotypes were determined by sequencing. Variables were analyzed by the Fisher Exact Test and Chi-squared test of Pearson (X²) with a significance level of ≤ 5%. The strength of association was calculated by the prevalence ratio, with their confidence intervals at 95%. Multivariate analysis was calculated by Binary Logistic Regression for variables with P <0.20 Results: HPV DNA was detected in 55 women (27.5%). HPV prevalence was associate with income (P =0.01), early initiation of sexual life (P <0.001), pregnant (P = 0. 002), HIV- 1 infection (P = 0. 001) and koilocytosis presence in cytological test (P =0.006). Were found an association between serological status for HIV-1 and the genotypes HPV–33 (P =0.001) and HPV–68 (P <0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that HPV prevalence was associated with patients who had early initiation of sexual life (P =0.001), was infected by HIV–1 (P = 0.01), was pregnant (P = 0.02), and women with koilocytosis in cytological test (P =0.01). Genotypes were 90.4% higher-risk oncogenic (18 HPV–18, 14 HPV–16, four HPV–53, three HPV–31, two HPV–58, two HPV–59, two HPV–68, one HPV–33 and one HPV–52) and 9.6% low-risk (two HPV–11, two HPV–16 and one HPV–70). Conclusions: This study had the HPV prevalence similar to prevalence described in this region. The high-risk HPV genotypes were the most prevalent, being HPV–18 the main viral type found.
Bowel obstruction in intussusception due melanoma metastatic: case report
Authors: Favaris José Wilson S. , Donadelli Carlos Augusto M. , Dardengo Juliana G.
Published: August 2016

Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract by metastatic melanoma is a rare disease, the small bowel being the most common site. Commonly these patients are asymptomatic or manifest nonspecific symptoms. The resection of the metastases can provide palliative treatment with immediate relief of symptoms. Early diagnosis is essential if the measure is still potentially curative. This study reports a case of intestinal obstruction by intussusception secondary to metastatic melanoma in by a young patient
MAPEAMENTO DO CULTIVO DE CAFÉ NO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS UTILIZANDO IMAGENS LANDSAT-5 TM E VARIÁVEIS TOPOGRÁFICAS
Authors: Prado Daniel Fernando Costa do , Hayakawa Ericson Hideki , Kawakubo Fernando Shinji
Published: August 2016

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo mapear os cultivos de café na região de Muzambinho, Cabo Verde e Monte Belo, Sul de Minas Gerais, utilizando imagens Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper e Modelos Digitais do Terreno. A área de estudo localiza-se em uma tradicional região produtora de café, onde o cultivo é praticado, na maioria das vezes, em áreas de relevo fortemente ondulado. Para a realização da pesquisa, incialmente aplicou-se um modelo de iluminação para a correção do efeito topográfico, com o objetivo de reduzir as variações espectrais causadas pelo relevo e assim melhorar o resultado da classificação. Em seguida, as imagens foram segmentadas e classificadas utilizando um algoritmo supervisionado por regiões. Duas classes de café que expressam diferentes condições fenológicas foram consideradas: Café Formação e Café Produção. Os resultados mostram que a correção topográfica melhorou o desempenho da segmentação criando segmentos mais contínuos e representativos das formas dos cultivos. Além disto, um aumento no desempenho da classificação foi observado ao comparar os resultados obtidos no presente estudo com uma classificação convencional pela máxima verossimilhança.
ANÁLISE MORFOMÉTRICA E PRIORIZAÇÃO DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS COMO INSTRUMENTO DE PLANEJAMENTO AMBIENTAL INTEGRADO
Authors: Soares Leonardo Silva , Lopes Wilza Gomes Reis , Castro Antonio Carlos Leal , Araujo Gisele Martins Cardoso de
Published: August 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar e analisar a morfometria de dez sub-bacias hidrográficas (SBH) do baixo curso do rio Itapecuru, Maranhão, indicando as áreas prioritárias para implementação das ações de conservação e preservação do solo e dos recursos hídricos. Para tanto, foram calculados os parâmetros morfométricos das classes linear, zonal e hipsiométrica. Para a hierarquização e correlação de nove parâmetros morfométricos, foi utilizada a técnica denominada Weighted Sum Analysis (WSA). Foi constatado que as SBHs do Baixo Curso do rio Itapecuru são de pequena dimensão e na rede de drenagem predominam canais intermitentes e de primeira ordem. O escoamento dos canais fluviais apresenta baixa capacidade de transporte e, portanto, de erosão do canal fluvial, sugerindo que os mesmos são susceptíveis a processos de assoreamento, que são potencializados naqueles de menor ordem hierárquica de drenagem. Por outro lado, a baixa declividade das SBH pode atenuar o processo de erosão laminar de suas respectivas áreas de drenagem, uma vez que, o escoamento superficial será mais lento. Observou-se, ainda, que 83,3% da área estudada é zona de média e alta susceptibilidade ambiental, as quais devem ser priorizadas para implementação de ações de gerenciamento dos recursos naturais.
TENDÊNCIA DO CLIMA DO SEMIÁRIDO FRENTE AS PERSPECTIVAS DAS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS GLOBAIS; O CASO DE ARARIPINA, PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Lacerda Francinete Francis , Nobre Paulo , Sobral Maria do Carmo Martins , Lopes Geraldo Majella Bezerra , Assad Eduardo Delgado
Published: August 2016

Este artigo mostra os resultados de pesquisa para o semiárido pernambucano utilizando séries temporais diárias de temperatura e de precipitação com mais de 40 anos, com cenários futuros de mudanças do clima para o período de 2010 a 2050. Para determinar as tendências de mudanças do clima, presente e futuro, foram utilizadas tendências de mudanças climáticas, resultados de balanço hídrico e saídas do modelo atmosférico regional aninhado ETA, em cenário global do modelo climático aninhado em dois modelos climáticos globais, HadCM3 e BESM. Os resultados indicaram tendência de aumento das temperaturas máximas, redução das temperaturas mínimas, redução da pluviosidade, média anual, indicando tendência à aridização na região.
Vascular ADAM17 as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Mediating Cardiovascular Hypertrophy and Perivascular Fibrosis Induced by Angiotensin II
Authors: Takayanagi Takehiko , Forrester Steven J. , Kawai Tatsuo , Obama Takashi , Tsuji Toshiyuki , Elliott Katherine J. , Nuti Elisa , Rossello Armando , Kwok Hang Fai , Scalia Rosario , Rizzo Victor , Eguchi Satoru
Published: August 2016

Angiotensin II (AngII) has been strongly implicated in hypertension and its complications. Evidence suggests the mechanisms by which AngII elevates blood pressure and enhances cardiovascular remodeling and damage may be distinct. However, the signal transduction cascade by which AngII specifically initiates cardiovascular remodeling, such as hypertrophy and fibrosis, remains insufficiently understood. In vascular smooth muscle cells, a metalloproteinase ADAM17 mediates epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation, which may be responsible for cardiovascular remodeling but not hypertension induced by AngII. Thus, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that activation of vascular ADAM17 is indispensable for vascular remodeling but not for hypertension induced by AngII. Vascular ADAM17–deficient mice and control mice were infused with AngII for 2 weeks. Control mice infused with AngII showed cardiac hypertrophy, vascular medial hypertrophy, and perivascular fibrosis. These phenotypes were prevented in vascular ADAM17–deficient mice independent of blood pressure alteration. AngII infusion enhanced ADAM17 expression, epidermal growth factor receptor activation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the vasculature, which were diminished in ADAM17-deficient mice. Treatment with a human cross-reactive ADAM17 inhibitory antibody also prevented cardiovascular remodeling and endoplasmic reticulum stress but not hypertension in C57Bl/6 mice infused with AngII. In vitro data further supported these findings. In conclusion, vascular ADAM17 mediates AngII-induced cardiovascular remodeling via epidermal growth factor receptor activation independent of blood pressure regulation. ADAM17 seems to be a unique therapeutic target for the prevention of hypertensive complications.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Use and Major Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor Alogliptin
Authors: White William B. , Wilson Craig A. , Bakris George L. , Bergenstal Richard M. , Cannon Christopher P. , Cushman William C. , Heller Simon K. , Mehta Cyrus R. , Nissen Steven E. , Zannad Faiez , Kupfer Stuart
Published: August 2016

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system when there is dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition in the presence of high-dose angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition has led to concerns of potential increases in cardiovascular events when the 2 classes of drugs are coadministered. We evaluated cardiovascular outcomes from the EXAMINE (Examination of Cardiovascular Outcomes With Alogliptin versus Standard of Care) trial according to ACE inhibitor use. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a recent acute coronary syndrome were randomly assigned to receive the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alogliptin or placebo added to existing antihyperglycemic and cardiovascular prophylactic therapies. Risks of adjudicated cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke, and hospitalized heart failure were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model in patients according to ACE inhibitor use and dose. There were 3323 (62%) EXAMINE patients treated with an ACE inhibitor (1681 on alogliptin and 1642 on placebo). The composite rates of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke were comparable for alogliptin and placebo with ACE inhibitor (11.4% versus 11.8%; hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.79–1.19;
P
=0.76) and without ACE inhibitor use (11.2% versus 11.9%; hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.73–1.21;
P
=0.62). Composite rates for cardiovascular death and heart failure in patients on ACE inhibitor occurred in 6.8% of patients on alogliptin versus 7.2% on placebo (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–1.2;
P
=0.57). There were no differences for these end points nor for blood pressure or heart rate in patients on higher doses of ACE inhibitor. Cardiovascular outcomes were similar for alogliptin and placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary disease treated with ACE inhibitors.
Feasibility of ‘Covering Values’ in Transnational Commercial Law: Article 79 of the cisg and the ‘Impediment’
Authors: Shreedhar Akshay
Published: August 2016

The coming together of the world, through globalization, international trade and cross border sales has led to an inevitable interaction between different cultures and different laws. Transnational commercial law has seen numerous instruments created to impose a ‘neutral’ set of norms on two contracting parties. The process of formation of such instruments is most certainly an exercise in comparative law influenced by the notions of pluralism, whereby different legal norms are compared. As such, this comparison, like most comparisons in comparative law, endeavours to find common values in varying concepts. Yet, it ignores the fundamental flaws inherent in such a comparison. The resulting ‘covering value’ is seemingly neutral, and yet travels beyond its intended scope. This paper will present an example of the classic ‘force majeure’ defence to contractual breaches, in transnational commercial law, and how its neutral term ‘impediment’ is evidence of the practical non feasibility of ‘covering values’.
An Idealized Numerical Simulation Investigation of the Effects of Surface Drag on the Development of Near-Surface Vertical Vorticity in Supercell Thunderstorms
Authors: Markowski Paul M.
Published: August 2016

Idealized simulations are used to investigate the contributions of frictionally generated horizontal vorticity to the development of near-surface vertical vorticity in supercell storms. Of interest is the relative importance of barotropic vorticity (vorticity present in the prestorm environment), baroclinic vorticity (vorticity that is principally generated by horizontal buoyancy gradients), and viscous vorticity (vorticity that originates from the subgrid-scale turbulence parameterization, wherein the effects of surface drag reside), all of which can be advected, tilted, and stretched. Equations for the three partial vorticities are integrated in parallel with the model. The partial vorticity calculations are complemented by analyses of circulation following material circuits, which are often able to be carried out further in time because they are less susceptible to explosive error growth.

Near-surface mesocyclones that develop prior to cold-pool formation (this only happens when the environmental vorticity is crosswise near the surface) are dominated by only barotropic vertical vorticity when the lower boundary is free slip, but both barotropic and viscous vertical vorticity when surface drag is included. Baroclinic vertical vorticity grows large once a cold pool is established, regardless of the lower boundary condition and, in fact, dominates at the time the vortices are most intense in all but one simulation (a simulation dominated early by a barotropic mode of vortex genesis that may not be relevant to real convective storms).
Climatology and Structures of Southwest Vortices in the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis
Authors: Feng Xinyuan , Liu Changhai , Fan Guangzhou , Liu Xiaodong , Feng Caiyun
Published: August 2016

The southwest vortex (SWV) is a meso-α-scale cyclonic low pressure system originating in southwest China. It is a high-impact precipitation-generating weather system in this region and a large downstream area. A climatology of the SWV over 1979–2010 is presented here. Results indicate that the SWV is a common regional weather system with about 73 annual occurrences. Two primary genesis regions are identified, one in the Sichuan basin and another one in the southeast flank of the Tibetan Plateau. SWV genesis displays seasonality with a spring–summer preference and diurnal variations. The average life cycle, horizontal dimension, and translation speed are 15.1 h, 435 km, and 8.6 m s−1, respectively. SWVs are classified into four types that show regional and seasonal contrasts in structure. In type I, the winter–spring elevated dry vortex in the basin is vertically confined to a shallow layer between 850 and 600 hPa and tilts northeastward. The low-level vortex has a cold center, and the middle to upper levels feature baroclinicity. In type II, the nighttime warm-season precipitating vortex system in the basin has a deep structure with the cyclonic vorticity extending from the surface into the upper troposphere. The nonsevere precipitating vortex (type IIa) is weakly baroclinic and tilts northward with height, whereas the severe precipitating vortex (type IIb) is vertically aligned. For type III, in the southern mountains, the shallow surface-based vortex develops in a well-mixed boundary layer and vertically tilts in the upslope direction and has a warm and low-humidity core. For type IV, the heavy precipitating vortex in the mountainous region is large, deep, and nearly upright with a fairly barotropic environment.
Estimates of Global Surface Hydrology and Heat Fluxes from the Community Land Model (CLM4.5) with Four Atmospheric Forcing Datasets
Authors: Wang Aihui , Zeng Xubin , Guo Donglin
Published: August 2016

Global land surface hydrology and heat fluxes can be estimated by running a land surface model (LSM) driven by the atmospheric forcing dataset. Previous multimodel studies focused on the impact of different LSMs on model results. Here the sensitivity of the Community Land Model, version 4.5 (CLM4.5), results to the atmospheric forcing dataset is documented. Together with the model default global forcing dataset (CRU–NCEP, hereafter CRUNCEP), three newly developed, reanalysis-based, near-surface meteorological datasets (i.e., MERRA, CFSR, and ERA-Interim) with the precipitation adjusted by the Global Precipitation Climatology Project monthly product were used to drive CLM4.5. All four simulations were run at 0.5° × 0.5° grids from 1979 to 2009 with the identical initialization. The simulated monthly surface hydrology variables, fluxes, and the forcing datasets were then evaluated against various observation-based datasets (soil moisture, runoff, snow depth and water equivalent, and flux tower measurements). To partially avoid the mismatch between model gridbox values and point measurements, three approaches were taken. The model simulations based on three newly constructed forcing datasets are overall better than the simulation from CRUNCEP, in particular for soil moisture and snow quantities. The ensemble mean from the CLM4.5 simulations using the four forcing datasets is generally superior to individual simulations, and the ensemble mean latent and sensible heat fluxes over global land (60°S–90°N) are 42.8 and 40.3 W m−2, respectively. The differences in both precipitation and other atmospheric forcing variables (e.g., air temperature and downward solar radiation) contribute to the differences in simulated results. The datasets are available from the authors for further evaluation and for various applications.
Portable Electronics and Trends in Goods Stolen from the Person
Authors: Thompson Rebecca
Published: August 2016

Objectives:

To better understand theft of portable electronic goods, this study examined the type of goods stolen during theft and robbery in England and Wales over almost two decades.

Methods:

Using all sweeps of the Crime Survey for England and Wales between 1994 and 2011, the proportion of incidents where a particular item was stolen was calculated and then compared over time.

Results:

A small range of items accounted for the bulk of what was taken, namely, cash, purses/wallets, credit/debit cards, and mobile phones.

Conclusions:

Considerable changes to the stolen goods landscape were found, with a shift from more traditional items such as cash and purses/wallets to portable electronic items such as mobile phones. Recommendations are made for preventing the loss of the items most frequently stolen during offenses of theft and robbery.
Variable annuities and aggregate mortality risk
Authors: Weale Martin , van de Ven Justin
Published: August 2016

This paper explores the extent to which annuitants might be prepared to pay for protection against cohort-specific mortality risk, by comparing traditional indexed annuities with annuities whose payout rates are revised in response to differences between expected and actual mortality rates of the cohort in question. It finds that a man aged 65 with a coefficient of relative risk aversion of two would be prepared to pay 75p per £100 annuitised for protection against aggregate mortality risk while a man with risk aversion of twenty would be prepared to pay £5.75 per £100; studies put the actual cost at £2.70–£7 per £100, suggesting that unless annuitants are very risk averse it is likely that existing products tend to over-insure against cohort mortality risk.
Englishization, Identity Regulation and Imperialism
Authors: Boussebaa Mehdi , Brown Andrew D.
Published: August 2016

What are the power/identity implications of the increasing Englishization of non-Anglophone workplaces around the world? We address this question using an analytical framework that combines a focus on micro/meso-level processes of identity regulation with attentiveness to the macro-level discourse of English as a global language. Drawing on reflexive fieldwork conducted at a major French university, we show how Englishization is bound up with processes of normalization, surveillance and conformist identity work that serve to discipline local selves in line with the imperative of international competitiveness. Concomitantly, we also show that Englishization is not a totalizing form of identity regulation; it is contested, complained about and appropriated in the creative identity work of those subject to it. Yet, moving from the micro/meso- to the macro-level, we argue that Englishization is ultimately ‘remaking’ locals as Anglophones through a quasi-voluntary process of imperialism in the context of a US-dominated era of ‘globalization’ and ‘global English’. We discuss the theoretical implications of these insights and open some avenues for future research.
Clinical Reasoning in the Assessment and Planning for Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: McCrimmon Adam W. , Yule Ashleigh E.
Published: August 2016

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder whose incidence is rising. School-based professionals are in an ideal position to provide the much-needed assessment and intervention supports for students with ASD, as the professionals’ placement within a formal system affords the opportunity to observe and support children in a structured environment. This article will provide school-based psychologists with current information on the clinical features of ASD, best practice assessment and diagnostic approaches for the disorder, and information pertaining to intervention via the use of a clinical case study to inform readers about the clinical reasoning that ensues throughout the process of assessment to intervention.
Vocational Anticipatory Socialization
Authors: Powers Samantha Rae , Myers Karen K.
Published: August 2016

Framed by social cognitive career theory, this study identified college students’ perceptions of the most influential sources and content of encouraging/discouraging career messages (vocational anticipatory socialization [VAS]). A survey of 873 university students found that mothers, followed by teachers/professors, friends, and fathers, were perceived to be the most influential encouraging VAS sources. However, first-generation college students were more likely to identify teachers/professors as their most influential VAS source. Friends were identified as most influential source of discouraging messages. The most frequently identified VAS messages gave career details. Mothers were most often described as conveying messages telling their children to pursue a passion for their career, while teachers/professors were frequently reported as providing career detail messages. Based on the VAS messages reported, we speculate that some VAS messages help students overcome perceived barriers by boosting self-efficacy and outcome expectations, confirming students’ individual skills and helping students envision themselves in particular career settings.
Legal Deposit of Digital Material in the UK: Recent Developments and the International Context
Authors: Muir Adrienne , Davies J. Eric
Published: August 2016

There is a move in the UK towards the extension of the legal deposit system to digital publications. The British Library has been prominent in pushing for this. After consultation, the government set up a Working Party to develop recommendations on how to achieve a comprehensive national archive including non-print material. The Working Party recommended a statutory and distributed system for deposit. The government accepted the need for legislation and asked the Working Party to carry out further work on definitions, the impact on business and an interim voluntary code of practice for some types of non-print material. The code of practice came into operation at the beginning of 2000. Countries around the world are increasingly amending their legal deposit legislation to include digital material. Most countries include tangible publications and exclude online publications. Common issues that the organizations responsible for implementing digital legal deposit have to deal with include the continuing need for definitions of terms, methods for depositing and processing digital material, especially online material, costs of implementing systems, preservation and access issues, including security and licensing. A great deal of research and development work is being carried out, and although there are many problems to sort out, some depositories are now moving towards procuring working systems.
Creating an Information System for the Russian State Library
Authors: Segbert Monika , Vislyi Alexander
Published: August 2016

The Russian State Library, the national library of the Russian Federation (until 1992 known as Lenin State Library), began in 1862 when Count N.P. Rumyantsev bequeathed his collection of books, manuscripts, and other materials to the state. From the beginning the library received a free copy of all Russian publications. The library started to look into automation in the late 1960s. Eventually, after a series of false starts and small initiatives, a feasibility study was set up in 1995, funded by the European Commission, focusing on library automation while setting the issue in the wider context of collection development, building improvements, conservation, document supply and staff development. As a result of this study the Russian State Library was awarded a Tacis project and a budget of one million Euro over 18 months (later extended by six months, plus 300,000 Euro for the extension). Tacis fosters the development of links between EU countries and the states of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. A key area of Tacis activity is Know-How transfer, carried out through policy advice, consultancy teams, training studies and partnerships. Several other varied projects have been initiated. Many positive changes have occurred during the project, notably in the development of staff.
Looking after the Bibliographic Heritage of Latin America
Authors: De Zamora Rosa María Fernández , Budnik Clara
Published: August 2016

Latin America has a rich, varied and very valuable bibliographic and documentary heritage, beginning with the pre-Hispanic pictorial productions - the famous codexes produced in Mexico. In 1539 the first American book was printed in Mexico City. Through the three centuries of colonial domination printing and the book were used as much for evangelizing the natives as for supporting the administration, and eventually also as a tool of the learned elite. During the 19th century, after the achievement of independence, the culture of colonization was ignored or rejected, resulting in numerous collections and other smaller works leaving the country, legally or illegally. ABINIA has now developed a number of projects aimed at saving the region's bibliographic heritage, but a consistent and sustainable policy still needs to be defined. The national libraries are in a good position to organize cooperative programmes, professional exchanges and projects focused on new technology for information management.
IFLA and Free Access to Information and Freedom of Expression — A Personal View
Authors: Byrne Alex
Published: August 2016

In 1997, the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) established its Committee on Free Access to Information and Freedom of Expression (FAIFE). The initiative's aims were to promote freedom of information and expression and their importance to libraries and to respond to attacks and limitations on libraries and librarians. This paper summarizes the early history of the programme and offers a personal assessment of its success from the perspective of the author who was the Committee's inaugural Chair.
A New Star in the Indian Ocean: The National Library of Mauritius
Authors: Lon Yves Chan Kam
Published: August 2016

The National Library of Mauritius, formally inaugurated in December 1999, is considered in the context of the history of national libraries in general, and in particular of the debate surrounding the functions of national libraries in the developing world that gained momentum in the 1960s. The paper examines the provision of library services in the colonial period, and describes their growth since the country's political independence, culminating in the creation of the National Library. The Library's functions, governance, collections and services are outlined. The Library now has an Action Plan that sets ambitious short-, medium- and long-term objectives, including improved public services, investment in training and equipment, and the construction of several purpose-built library complexes.
The International Committee of the Blue Shield 1998–2004: An Overview
Authors: Shimmon Ross
Published: August 2016

The International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS) was established by four NGOs covering archives, libraries, monuments and sites, and museums to help coordinate activities in response to man-made and natural disasters affecting cultural property. Other aims included encouraging risk preparedness, public awareness of the need for the protection of cultural heritage and urging governments to sign up to and implement international legislation in this area. An informal organization with no resources of its own, it has made some progress towards achieving these aims by working closely with UNESCO and other agencies. Recently it has become more active, especially in relation to the damage to and destruction of cultural property in Iraq. It has issued public statements and tried to raise awareness of the scale of the problem. With the initiative of the Prince Claus Fund of the Netherlands it has established the Cultural Emergency Response which has facilitated restoration work in Iraq, Iran and Morocco. Some progress has been made towards its aim to become the cultural equivalent of the Red Cross.
The Pre-History of the European Library: The British Library and TEL
Authors: Bury Stephen
Published: August 2016

TEL (The European Library) had its origins in a project to set up a virtual European Library. Five years later this became a reality when the European Commission funded a programme, minus its technological development. Coupled with their insistence that TEL should develop rapidly into an operational service, this made for an inherent weakness in the project. Within the British Library, at times TEL sat uneasily vis-à-vis other priorities and activities but, in the end, it was successfully delivered and now is functioning as The European Library.
National Libraries: Mission and Ministerial Sponsorship
Authors: Stephens Andy
Published: August 2016

There is no ‘international standard’ for national libraries; indeed national libraries exist in an infinite variety of forms. Schemas that focus on the functions of national libraries tend to emphasize the areas of conformity between institutions while a focus on role, including mission and target audiences, would tend to accentuate the differences between institutions. The British Library has a uniquely broad mission. While its positioning in UK government is under the sponsorship of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, the BL also makes major contributions to the objectives of the Department for Education and Skills and to the Office of Science and Innovation within the Department for Trade and Industry. This paper summarizes the findings of a survey by the BL of 30 national libraries related to which government ministry in their country currently had policy and funding responsibility for their national library in the context of: their origin; their mission; the core target audiences they served; the functions they undertook as part of their remit; and other related provision in their countries. The paper also describes two interdepartmental mechanisms introduced in 2006 to improve communications and strategic alignment in recognition of the complex pattern and cross-cutting nature of the British Library's contribution to UK government policy objectives.
United States Library of Congress: Expanding in Three Directions
Authors: Marcum Deanna B.
Published: August 2016

Visitors to the United States Library of Congress will find it in the midst of major expansions of three kinds – expansions to preserve what otherwise might be lost, to protect what it already has, and to make what it has more readily and widely accessible. One current kind of expansion takes the form of constructing a new complex of four buildings in the side of a mountain near the city of Culpeper in the state of Virginia, about an hour's drive from the library's main facilities in Washington, DC. This complex, named the Library of Congress Packard Center for Audio-Visual Conservation, will provide safe storage and new preservation and access systems for the film, video, and sound collections – 5.7 million items – administered by the library's Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division. The library's second major current expansion consists of constructing off-site storage modules for other collections on the site of Fort Meade, a US Army installation in the state of Maryland, less than an hour's drive from Washington, DC. On this site, the library and its partners are finishing the third and fourth of a projected 13, high-density storage modules, designed to extend the life of parts of the library's holdings by a factor of six. The third major current expansion of the Library of Congress is on the Internet, where the library's website now offers some 10 million digitized items. Through financial and other partnerships, the library will continue to add to its online resources, and is working with UNESCO on a project to create a World Digital Library. This will be a collaborative virtual repository through which libraries worldwide provide access to rare, primary source materials, illustrating cultures in all parts of the globe, for the potential benefit of people everywhere.
The Past and the Present of the Martynas Mazvydas National Library of Lithuania
Authors: Gudaitis Vytautas A.
Published: August 2016

The idea of a library, where all Lithuanian publications would be collected, emerged in the nineteenth century but was realized only in the second decade of the twentieth century. New opportunities and challenges emerged after Lithuania regained its independence in 1990. The primary objective was to make all information treasures preserved in the library accessible to the public. In early 1988 the special storage section was eliminated and publications that did not satisfy the Soviet regime in one way or another, and were never given to the public during the Soviet period, started to be handled, and foreign publications began to be collected actively. Establishing a new legal basis for the library's activity and the computerization of operations were no less important and relevant issues. How the National Library dealt with these issues is reviewed in the article. After Lithuania became a full member of the European Union, new possibilities and challenges emerged. The TEL-ME-MOR project initiated by the Conference of European National Librarians (CENL) and the successful participation of the National Library of Lithuania in it opened the way to another project of this organization – The European Library (TEL). The article describes other programmes and projects in which the National Library is taking part, including the question of integration into the international information space and providing the inhabitants of the country with information. The Library has already anchored itself in the community of libraries of the world and can properly represent the science and culture of the country.
Project LiBiTOP
Authors: Manžuch Zinaida
Published: August 2016

With complex changes occurring in the library environment and growing requirements for public organizations to be effective and transparent, initiatives to establish directions for change are increasingly being launched in the library sector. In Lithuania, project LiBiTOP (2011–2014) was designed to develop strategic advice to library authorities and managers. The article discusses methodological solutions and findings to demonstrate the use of evidence-based data for developing library strategies. The project focused on 10 institutions – county public libraries and libraries of national significance. In the project, three research studies were carried out, and the findings were integrated to formulate conclusions and recommendations for library management in the next 10 years. The project applied a mix of methods used in strategic planning and management, such as political, economic, social and technological analysis, scenario planning, balanced scorecard and threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths analysis. Recommendations for library authorities and library managers were developed on the basis of identified opportunities and threats as well as strengths and weaknesses in libraries. They covered the need for a national library strategy and a framework for continuous professional development as well as the demand to increase library efficiency and effectiveness in terms of collection management and digital services.
Retrospective Conversion and Repository Planning in the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Landwehrmeyer Richard
Published: August 2016

Repository planning has been recognized as a national problem, but will in the immediate future be limited to regional activities. Retrospective conversion is sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in four libraries rich in collections of pre-1850 material; the Wissenschaftsrat recommends a much broader project involving up to 60 academic and research libraries and covering the recent period back to 1945. Basic to both projects is cooperation, adherence to standards, and utilization of a common catalogue source. International cooperation is recognized as attractive but difficult to put into practice.
The International Role of the Library of Congress: A Brief History
Authors: Cole John Y.
Published: August 2016

The Library of Congress was established by the American national legislature in 1800. It had comprehensive collecting policies from the beginning, as Thomas Jefferson, its principal founder, believed that a democratic legislature needed information and ideas in all subjects and from all parts of the world in order to do its job. By the second half of the nineteenth century it had come to be regarded as the national library of the American people, and by the twentieth century had moved into a position of world leadership with such developments as the LC classification and the MARC format, so becoming a truly international library in scope and service.
Legal Deposit and Electronic Publishing
Authors: McCormick Paul , Williamson Michael
Published: August 2016

As a result of discussions in the Conference of Directors of National Libraries (CDNL), a questionnaire was sent to all national libraries in February 1989 by the National Librarian of Canada with the aim of collecting information on the acquisition and bibliographic control of electronic publications and on access to them. The 46 responses (out of a possible 112) showed that few libraries were as yet much involved in such material, but several were actively considering it. Complex issues, including conditions of access, copyright and maintenance of equipment, are raised; ‘publishing’ needs to be redefined. A great deal of information is not being acquired by national libraries, and new mechanisms for legal deposit are urgently needed, in particular for online publications. A Working Group is to be established through the Conference of Directors of National Libraries, with terms of reference based on the results of the questionnaire.
The Munich 1990 Conference: The Case for Retrospective Cataloguing
Authors: Matheson Ann
Published: August 2016

A first international conference on retrospective cataloguing, which took place in Munich in 1990, considered reports on retrospective cataloguing in a wide range of European countries and in North America. The conference sessions confirmed that the conversion of the catalogues of research collections into machine-readable form has a high priority in most of Europe, but also that many barriers hamper the transborder exchange of descriptive information about holdings of older books in European research collections. It was agreed that a mechanism was desirable for ensuring the compatibility of existing or proposed formats or the conversion of one format to another and that the costs involved should be established, so that a common pool of records could be created and unnecessary duplication of effort thereby avoided. A European Working Group on Retrospective Cataloguing was set up with the aim of enabling access to significant databases of records for printed materials (1500–1900) throughout Europe and to other countries that might wish to have access to European records.