bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Personal and Situational Factors on The Performance of Agriculture Extention Worker on the Behavior of Seeking Information as an Intervening Variabel (Study Case in Lebak Regency Banten Province)
Authors: Nurhayati L , Nurmayulis  , Salampessy Y L A
Published: April 2021

The success of agricultural development requires the availability of reliable agriculture extension workers. The agriculture extension workers performance is influenced by personal factor and the situational factors of the extension workers. On the other hand, the development of information and communication technology (ICT) recently is very helpful in the completion of work in various fields, including in the agricultural sector. The study was conducted to describe the behaviour of seeking the information as a variable as mediated the influence of personal and situational factors on the performance of agriculture extension workers. The survey was conducted on 41 agriculture extension workers in Lebak Regency and was investigated using stratified random sampling. For objectivity, the performance of agriculture extension workers was assessed by two of their fostered farmers using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using path analysis. The results showed the workload factor directly affected the performance of agriculture extension workers. The length of work, the involvement in training, the ability to use an information tool, and the information literacy as personal factors and working environment conditions as a situational factor of agriculture extension workers indirectly influenced the performance of agriculture extension workers through intervening variables of the behaviour of seeking information in agriculture. Meanwhile, the level of utilization of internet-based communication has approached the level of utilization of interpersonal communication channels that dominated the behaviour of seeking information of agriculture extension workers. This condition may emphasize the importance of the availability of ICT facilities and infrastructure to improve the performance of agriculture extension workers.
Yield ability and grain quality of upland rice in Sukabumi and Lampung
Authors: Hermanasari R , Lestari A P , Yullianida  , Hairmansis A , Santoso  , Nasution A
Published: April 2021

Efforts to increase rice food production in the future are faced with increasing climate uncertainty due to global climate change. One of the impacts is changes in strains or biotypes of pests and diseases, which are increasingly rapid. To minimize the impact of climate change on national rice production. The purpose of this study was to produce upland rice lines that resistant to blast disease and had good rice quality. The research carried at Lampung and Sukabumi of 2018. A total of 17 lines and three comparison varieties tested using a randomized block design with four replications. Observations made on the agronomic character, yield components and quality of rice. The results showed that the average plant height in the two locations ranged from 90 to 136 cm. The number of productive tillers at two locations it’s the average of 11 panicles. The mean flowering age did not differ from the harvest age between the lines tested at the two locations. The length of panicle lines tested at two locations averaged 25.5 cm. The average weight of 1000 grains at both locations is 26.1 grams. Grain yield in Lampung averaged 4.7 t ha−1, higher than in Sukabumi 3.6 t ha−1. Five lines had no significant difference with Limboto both at the Lampung location and in Sukabumi. Among all the lines tested, there are three lines with the medium of chalkiness or LMM size. The results of testing in the greenhouse against blast disease obtained one line resistant to three blast races.
Development of functional beverages from herbs: aspect of nutrition, processing and safety
Authors: Pamela V Y , Kusumasari S , Meindrawan B
Published: April 2021

Indonesia has various herbal plants which potentially developed as functional food. Herbal plants such as ginger, lemongrass and pandan leaves can be processed into functional beverages as immune system booster. Functional beverages must fulfill two main functions, first having nutritional content and second, providing acceptable sensory functions such as good taste and texture. The processing of herbal plants into functional beverages requires knowledge of the bioactive compounds content, the ability of these compounds to boost the immune system and the safety of the resulting products. The safety of functional drinks products can be analyzed through the determination of the critical point (Critical Control Point) for the functional drinks processing.
Quality of red tuna (Yellowfin tuna) fishball, white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on different types of packaging and storage time
Authors: Budaraga I K , Saibuma V , Hermalena L
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of packaging type and storage time on the quality of red tuna (Yellowfin tuna) white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) meatball. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Agricultural Product Technology, Ekasakti University, Padang, Laboratory of Instrumentation and Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University. The study was conducted for 2 months, from April to May 2019, using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors with 3 replications. The first factor is the type of packaging (without packaging, styrofoam packaging, wrap packaging), and the second factor is the storage time (0 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours). Observation data were analyzed using ANOVA with the F test followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% real level. The results showed that the type of packaging with storage time had a very significant effect on moisture content and protein content and had no significant effect on ash content. The type of packaging and storage time for the best white oyster mushroom tuna red tetelan meatball based on water content, ash content, protein content, ALT, Salmonella sp and Organoleptic bacterial contamination is the best use of Wrap packaging with a storage time of 12 hours.
Ethnopharmacological Properties of Essential Oils from Natural Forests in Northern Sumatra
Authors: Aswandi A , Kholibrina C R
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has raised global awareness for boosting the body’s immune system through organic product utilization and complementary therapies. This condition encourages re-disclosure of local wisdom in herbal medicine applications which involves essential oils in disease prevention and treatment. This paper describes the local wisdom of various forest essential oils utilization, to identify the phytopharmaceutical content and potential for herbal medicine. The research was carried out through exploration and in-depth interviews with 30 local community respondents who applied essential oils in traditional medicine in Humbang Hasundutan, North Sumatra; and Singkil, Aceh in 2019. This review also explored various literature regarding phytopharmaceutical content and safety issues of various plants used in traditional medicine. The study results identified at least 17 essential oils as the main therapeutic agent, including Sumatran camphor(Dryobalanops aromatica),benzoin(Styrax sumatrana),nutmeg(Myristica fragrans),andaliman(Zanthoxylum acanthopodium),and lemo(Litsea cubeba).The essential oils are extracted from leaves, fruit, flowers, bark, stems, roots, and resin in various ways. Some of the main compounds identified include a-pinene, camphene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, and p-cymene. In aromatherapy applications, essential oils aroma has a relaxing effect and offers relief to a congested respiratory system. The essential oils can also relieve inflammation, irritation, insect bites, itching, rashes, sprains, and muscle aches in topical application. Local wisdom reveals essential oils utilization to treat indigestion, headaches, and insomnia. The compound 1,8 cineole is potential as anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and antifungal, expectorant boosts the immune system and prospective for respiratory and blood vessels treatment.
Gender Adaptation Strategy to The Impact of Forest and Land Fire in Kelampangan Village Peatland, Sebangau, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Marlina S , Lautt B S , Usup A , Sunaryati R
Published: April 2021

Climate change that occurs in Central Kalimantan mostly caused by forest and land fire has led to season shifting and gender life order changing. Thus, it resulted in a poor impact on gender life sustainability that was difficult to be recovered in a short time. This research aims to identify and evaluate the adaptation of women to forest and land fires in Palangkaraya and to express solutions that can improve gender equality. The research was conducted in Kalampangan, Sebangau. This research applied an interview method with a purposive sampling technique and conducted a descriptive analysis that emphasized climate change conditions in recent years. Climate change caused land changing due to forest and land fire. Therefore, it was also able to change gender roles (women) to take responsibility to support family economic conditions. This condition created a double burden carried by women, so this condition required a choice of adaptation for women in dealing with it. The intended strategic choices were (1) surviving with these conditions and utilizing modest agricultural products; (2) changing land, using a traditional system while the restoration of burned land was processed; (3) forming post- fire farmer groups by gradually changing their mindset.
Numerical Analysis of Inertance Pulse Tube Refrigerator
Authors: Choudhari Mahmadrafik S. , Gawali B. S. , Malwe Prateek
Published: April 2021

The inertance type pulse tube refrigerator (IPTR) has been extensively used in industries due to its small size and efficiency. The physical phenomena of oscillating flow in IPTR is complex and it can be examined by using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Researchers are not so much interested in the 3D analysis of IPTR due to high computational time but for better visualization, it is very beneficial. A two-dimensional axis-symmetric model and 3D model is considered for simulation. The temperature at the cold heat exchanger (CHX) and phase difference between pressure and mass flow rate at CHX is demonstrated. In this paper, CFD analysis of IPTR has been done and various issues involved in the simulation are presented for the betterment in the desired solution.
A review on laser beam machining process modeling and optimization
Authors: Magdum V B , Kittur J K
Published: April 2021

Machining of advanced materials by conventional methods consequences in increased high cutting temperature, high cutting force magnitudes, tool wear, lesser tool life and meagre machined surface. Machining of these materials by conventional methods are originate to be uneconomic. Researches are attracted towards laser beam machining (LBM) between the various nonconventional machining methods. This paper focuses the probable usage of LBM for various materials machining, current progress, benefits and challenges in machining, process parameters and performance characteristics, modeling and optimization. There is need to agreeably designed process parameters which is appropriate to LBM. It is resolute that investigational based modeling and optimization methods are essential to generate model that gives very good fitting with experiments, while determining the effects of several process parameters.
Simulation Driven Approach For Deriving The PID Parameters For The Control Of An Electric Resistance Furnace (ERF)
Authors: Dev Prabhat , Jain Sidharth , Kumar Harish
Published: April 2021

Modelling plays a major role in predicting the behaviour of any system. It is also one of the crucial parts in the design of the control system and tuning of the controller. Tuning parameters are developed based on the transfer function obtained from the modelling process. The primary goal of this paper is to model and simulate a research grade Electric Resistance Furnace (ERF) under transient conditions and derive the transfer function using simulation data. Using this transfer function the gain parameters (PID, Proportional, Integral and Derivative) of the controller will be derived using conventional tuning approaches. The secondary goal is to provide an optimized model for future development of a Neural Network based controller for the furnace. The controller will be equipped with an auto tuning algorithm based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) which will have a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) as a system model. The training data set for the RNN will be obtained by using the PID parameters derived in this paper. This would enable precise control of the furnace with lower rise and settling time, reduced or no overshoot, maximum stability and ramp hold ability.
Characterization of dissimilar friction stir welded joints of aluminium alloys by simulation and experimentation
Authors: Kumar R , Kumar A , Chattopadhyaya S , Kumar U , Gope D
Published: April 2021

The present work “Characterization of dissimilar friction stir welded joints of aluminium alloys by simulation and experimentation” is a combination of simulation and experimental work. In first part of the work friction stir welding (FSW) process is simulated in abacus software and then second part is based on the experimental work of friction stir welded joints of dissimilar aluminium alloys. In abacus, FSW process is well simulated. In this part heat generation profile during FSW is obtained in work-piece as well as in tool. In second part two alloys i.e. AA 5083 and AA 6061 is welded with friction stir welding process. Three process parameters were selected for welding. Three tool rotational speed is selected i.e. 500 rpm, 710 rpm and 900 rpm and one welding speed i.e. 25 mm/min. All the three welded samples were properly machined and different testing samples were prepared. Mechanical and micro-structural properties were studied on the variation of process parameters. From tensile test it can be concluded that with increase in tool rotational speed tensile strength increases. In all cases brittle fracture was observed. From microstructure study fine grains are observed in weld nugget zone.
Effects of Modulus of Elasticity on airflow in Human Respiratory airway
Authors: Shukla Rakesh Kumar , Tiwari Sandeep , Kumar Ashutosh
Published: April 2021

In this work, Computational analysis of air flow in human respiratory tract model is done by the use of CFD technique. Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) method is used on the third-to-sixth generation simplified respiratory tract model for computational study. The modulus of Elasticity is varied in a range of 1 to 5 MPa and its effect on flow-physics is captured inside human airway model. The variation of velocity and its effect on deformation has been captured for both rigid and flexible model and its analysis is carried out. The result from simulation shows that as the Modulus of elasticity increases, wall deformation decreases.
Experimental Investigation of WE54 magnesium rare earth metal alloys by ageing treatment
Authors: Sachendra  , Singh Shailesh Kumar , Ujjwal  , Kumar Satyajeet , Singh Kuldeep
Published: April 2021

Magnesium alloys have potential applications in the automotive, aerospace, aircraft, and electronic industries. Strength of these alloys is due to solid-state precipitates, produced by age-hardening process. The current study deals with the precipitation and hardening behaviour of a commercial quality of magnesium rare earth WE54 alloy to provide a comprehensive report on precipitation and hardening. The Solid Solution treatment of the three samples alloys were performed at a temperature of 525°C and duration of 8 hours. Whereas the ageing treatment was performed at three levels of temperature 170°C,250°C and 300°C corresponding the time duration of 16 hours,4 hours and 4 hours. Mechanical properties of the WE54 rare earth alloy has been analysed along with the microstructure of the age treated specimens. The precipitation sequence and hardening response in the alloy due to ageing and the effects of precipitate shapes on strengthening along with the effect on precipitate behaviour on mechanical properties.
Applications of solar Photovoltaic’s to power stand-alone area and street lighting
Authors: Prakash Om , Kumar Satyajeet , Kumar Pramod
Published: April 2021

This paper is an introduction to the topics of photovoltaic solar energy conversion and with the help of solar illuminations; street lightings are employed in the surroundings of NIT JALANDHAR. The paper presents the Energy problem in the world: Growing consumption of energy. Solar radiation is described as a main source of renewable energy as well as possible applications of this energy by means of thermal conversion and photovoltaic conversion. The functionality of stand alone solar system is completely different than hybrid kind of solar system. Photovoltaic effect in the p-n junction and physical processes in the photovoltaic structures of solar cells are presented. The performance of each solar panel has been co-related through current and voltage (I-V) curve. The panel size and battery required to operate a better functionality is the key idea of solar photovoltaic system design and its smooth operation. The required number of batteries should be inline such a way that it does fulfil the requirement of power output.
Comparative Study of Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrical Discharge Drilling and Electrical Discharge Diamond Drilling of Nimonic 75
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Chattopadhyaya Somnath , Kumar Sanjeev , Singh G.K. , Vates U.K.
Published: April 2021

Due to wide range of applicability of hard and difficult-to-machine materials like super-alloys (Ti-alloys, Inconel, and Haste-alloy etc), advanced ceramics, composite materials, and high technical characteristics of above-mentioned materials, suitable advanced machining processes are conducted. EDM is one of the most popular advanced machining processes. But the EDM process has low metal removal rate (MRR) so EDD is another machining process as it has relatively higher MRR as compared to EDM. Here electric discharge diamond drilling (EDDD), a hybrid-EDM process comes into the picture in order to improve the machining performance characteristics. The present research aimed to compare the process performance in electrical discharge cutting, drilling and diamond abrasive drilling. The effects of process parameters such as peak current (I), pulse-on time (Ton), and pulse-off time (Toff) were studied on metal removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR) in electrical discharge diamond drilling of Nimonic 75.
Adaptive Control and Multi-variables Projective Synchronization of Hyperchaotic Finance System
Authors: Onma O S , Heryanto  , Foster B , Subiyanto
Published: April 2021

This paper introduces a new hyperchaotic finance system and show that it is a self-excited hyperchaotic attractor with the coexistence of double attractor with difference initial conditions for the same set of parameter values. Nonlinear feedback control function u

i
(t), (i= 1,2,3,4) via adaptive control laws are design for the control and synchronization of the 4D-hyperchaotic finance system with the multiple values of the economics scaling factor αi
, (i = 1,2,3,4), a special case of projective synchronization. The proposed schemes are able to stabilize as well as globally synchronize the two identical finance systems evolving from different initial conditions with uncertain parameter for the different values of α
i
(i = 1,2,3,4) . The analytical results were verified through numerical simulation.
Android-Based Intangible Cultural Heritage Expert System In Banten Province Using Backward Chaining Method
Authors: Purwanto I , Fauziah H Y , Subali M , Andriansyah M , Saptono D , Sukowati A I , Hanifah H
Published: April 2021

Expert system is a system used to assist decision making that works by using the knowledge and analysis methods that have been defined by the expert. Intangible cultural heritage is a living cultural heritage that is recognized by some communities, groups or individuals. Banten Province has an intangible cultural heritage, but many people do not know there is many kinds of intangible cultural heritage that exist in Banten Province. The purpose of this paper is to make an Android-Based Intangible Cultural Heritage Expert System in Banten Province Using the Backward Chaining which is useful as a medium for the introduction of intangible cultural heritage that can be accessed easily. The software used is the Android Studio IDE which is installed with the Android SDK. The process of making an intangible cultural heritage expert system uses several stages, namely analysis, design, coding, implementation, and testing. The output of this research is that the application can be installed on an Android smartphone and data can be accessed offline.
Development of Electromyography Signal Function to Control Robot Arm Working Adaptively in the Reverse Direction of the Human Arm Movement
Authors: Siregar B , Sitompul O S , Zarlis M , Fahmi
Published: April 2021

Malfunctioning conditions in one arm can be experienced by humans due to congenital defects, accidents, or side effects of experienced health problems. This has an impact on reducing the effectiveness of work because in normal conditions humans often need a pair of arms that are able to function actively. This situation was tried to be overcome by utilizing a mechanical robotic arm controlled by an Arduino microcontroller and Myo Armband as a sensor for orientation and an electromyography signal from one of the user’s normal arms. The results of sensing from the user’s arm that have been successfully read are then processed using an algorithm that is built to provide a decision in the form of what action the robot arm should take. The test results obtained show that the robot arm responds real-time to input from the orientation of the user’s arm, although it is also found that sometimes the robot arm does not respond to input from the electromyography signal.
Bernoulli Fractional Differential Equation Solution Using Adomian Decomposition Method
Authors: Johansyah M D , Supriatna A K , Rusyaman E , Saputra J
Published: April 2021

Fractional calculus relates with derivatives, integrals, and differential equations of order not integers. The Bernoulli Differential Equation is a form of the first-order ordinary differential equation. This paper aims to solve the Bernoulli Differential Equation with α fractional-order using the Adomian Decomposition Method, where 0 < α ≤ 1. The fractional derivative used in this paper is the fractional derivative of Caputo. Based on several numerical examples presented in this paper, the results show that the Adomian Decomposition Method is easy and very effective to use for solving Bernoulli Differential Equations with fractional order α.
Design and Development of Fuzzy Logic Application Mamdani Method in Predicting The Number of Covid-19 Positive Cases in West Java
Authors: Yogachi E F , Nasution V M , Prakarsa G
Published: April 2021

The increase in covid-19 positive patients is unpredictable which results in being unprepared in dealing with Covid-19 cases. People in monitoring and patients under supervision are the category that is breastfeed to be covid-19 positive patients after passing the incubation period for 14 days. Artificial intelligence used to predict the increase in cases of covid-19 positive patients is fuzzy logic. The fuzzy logic method used in this study is the mamdani method. The enter variables used are the increase in ODP, PDP, and Covid-19 positive with 3 sets of low, medium, and high respectively. While the output variable is a positive prediction 14 days later. The curve used for fuzzification needs is a linear curve. The method of composition of the rules used is the MAX function and defuzzification using Centroid.
Disaster Tweets Classification in Disaster Response using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer (BERT)
Authors: Ningsih A K , Hadiana A I
Published: April 2021

The omnipresence of smartphones helps people to declare an emergency in realtime. In times of crisis, Twitter has become a big communication platform. As a result, more organizations are interested in tracking Twitter programmatically. Although governments and emergency management agencies work together through their respective national system for response to disasters, the sentiments of the people affected during and after the catastrophe decide the effectiveness of the disaster response and the recovery process. In recent years, sentiment analysis via Twitter-based machine learning has become a common subject. However, the detection of such tweets was often difficult due to the tweets’ language structure’s uncertainty. Thus, it is not always apparent if the words of a person announce a catastrophe. BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations by Transformers) is a profound learning model developed by Google. Since Google opened it, several scientists and companies have embraced it and have applied it to many text classification tasks. Therefore, we use BERT in this paper to some dataset disaster tweets. This research will help rescue and emergency responders establish effective knowledge management techniques for a rapidly evolving disaster environment.
Auxiliary information based generally weighted moving coefficient of variation (AIB-GWMCV) control chart
Authors: Nuriman M A , Mashuri M , Ahsan M
Published: April 2021

Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a statistical technique to accurately determine process performance. It has been widely used in manufacturing industries and services. The most powerful instrument used in SPC is the control chart. It is designed to observe and detect timely assignable causes of the process. In general, the control chart is employed to detect shifts in process location and process dispersion. Monitoring the coefficient of variation (CV) is efficient in SPC when the standard deviation process changes with the mean. Also, the mean itself is expected to fluctuate with time but considered to be in-control. Recently, some studies investigate using auxiliary information to enhance the sensitivity of the CV control chart. This study investigates auxiliary information based CV-GWMA (AIB-GWMCV) control chart by using log-normal transformation to detect the small to large shifts in process CV. It turns out the proposed control chart performs better than the CV-GWMA control chart using log-normal transformation without auxiliary information. Also, a real case is presented to display the application of the AIB-GWMCV control chart. Results show that the proposed control chart is faster to detect shifts in the process CV than the control chart without auxiliary information.
HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Chlorpheniramine Maleate and Potassium Sorbate in Cough Syrup
Authors: Yuliana T , Gustin S S N , Alamsyah A , Budiman S , Hardian A , Yun Y F , Agma M
Published: April 2021

The development and validation of an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, and Potassium Sorbate in cough syrup using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method have been conducted. The determination was carried out on the simulation sample consisting of three substances and prepared five different concentrations, with three replications for each concentration. The optimum HPLC conditions were obtained using the C18 column, with UV detection at 230 nm The mobile phase of acetonitrile & phosphate buffer pH 2.5 (containing sodium-heptane sulfonate as ion-pair), with a gradient elution system, at a 1 mL/minute, while the flow rate column temperature is set at 35oC. The results showed that the method has met the parameters set in the validation test with the recovery ranged from 98% - 102%, the precision test results (RSD) < 2%, and the linearity (r) ≥ 0.98. The method obtained is quite selective by confirmed identity with the maximum wavelength scanning of each analyte peak by PDA detector. The limit of detection (LoD) for Dextromethorphan-HBr, Chlorpheniramine maleate and Potassium sorbate were 3.13 µg/mL, 0.94 µg/mL and 0.12 µg/mL respectively and the limit of quantitation (LoQ) were 9.49 µg/mL, 2.85 µg/mL and 0.38 µg/mL respectively.
Air Quality Monitoring System in South Tangerang Based on Arduino Uno: From Analysis to Implementation
Authors: Listyarini S , Warlina L , Sambas A
Published: April 2021

Pollution is a major factor in reducing air quality. A decrease in air quality can cause many problems such as global climate change, environmental damage, asthma and lung cancer. In this paper, we present an air quality monitoring system based on the Arduino Uno at Tangerang City. Air quality measured was carbon monoxide (CO), butane (C4H10), particulate matter (PM25) and ozone (O3). The types of sensors used were MQ-131 for the ozone sensor (O3), MQ-7 for carbon monoxide (CO), GP2Y1010AU0F for the particulate matter (PM25), and MQ-2 for butane (C4H10). This tool was built using Arduino and data from the sensor was sent to a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) which visualized in numeric form. Data collection was carried out at Jalan Cabe Raya Pondok Cabe, South Tangerang. The test results showed the carbon monoxide (CO) had an average concentration of 2.79 ppm, the ozone gas concentration (O3) was 0.08 ppm particulate matter concentration (PM25) was 35.51 µg/m3 and butane average concentration (C4H10) was 35.05 ppm. Based on the data obtained, South Tangerang, Indonesia had a high level of pollution in particulate matter (PM 2 5).
Analysis of water-ethanol-gasoline (RON 88) compositions in one phase substance-using triangular graph
Authors: Sangian H F , Manialup B H , As’ari A , Ibrahim A R , Rombang J R , Lametige J A , Mosey H I R , Tanauma A , Pasau G , Tongkukut S H J , Purwadi R , Neonufa G F , Rorong J A , Sangi M M , Gunawan S , Widjaja A , Tuhuloula A , Thahir R , Sadjab B A , Masinambow V A J , Sriana T , Furqon Z , Agnesty S Y , Rondonuwu S B
Published: April 2021

The present work is aimed at analysing the compositions of the water, ethanol, and gasoline which hasResearch Octane Number/RONwas 88 forming a stable emulsion (one phase) employing a ternary graph. When the mixture process, the blended fuels consisted of water-ethanol-gasoline were successfully prepared in which they were formed in one phase. Ethanol was derived fromArenga pinnataliquor which is locally calledcap tikususing a home-made reflux distillation filled by packing materials. Ethanol obtained were differing their concentration that depended on the column temperature set. It was found that the purities were ranged from 80 to 96% and the higher column temperature was chosen the lower concentration was obtained. Each aqueous ethanol was blended with gasoline to obtain a homogenous solution. For ethanol 80%, compositions of water, pure ethanol, and gasoline were observed at 18, 74, and 8 (%v/v), and 22, 70, and 7 (%w/w). While ethanol 96%, the compositions ratios were 1:22:77 (%v/v) and 1:23:76 (%w/w). The ranges of pure ethanol, gasoline, and water in which they formed one phase solution were recorded at 23-70%, 7-76%, and 1-22%. The work found that substance was in one phase if the wet ethanol keeps being added. When the ethanol composition has decreased the substance was separated into wet ethanol and gasoline. The minimum ethanol dissolved completely into gasoline was of 80%.
IoT based Soil Moisture and Sun Light Monitoring for Smart Planting
Authors: Jonathan  , Widjaja D
Published: April 2021

Plant enthusiasts, entrepreneurs, and farmers usually have more than one plant that needs to be looked after every day. Lack of water and unproportioned sun light can be a serious problem if they have to leave the plant for a long period of time. An Internet of Things (IoT) based automatic remote plant sprinkler with sun light cover was designed to solve this problem. This system eases the users for monitoring the condition of plants without having to be in the field. The system model uses an ESP32 microcontroller, Light Dependant Resistor (LDR), relay, and L298N DC motor driver. In dry soil conditions, the water pump and sprinkler will turn on and water the soil. When the soil conditions are moist or wet the pump and sprinkler will not turn on. When there is intense sun light, the DC motor will pull the curtains to cover the plant. All the data can be monitored remotely via Wi-Fi connection. The results of this work shows that the system works well with 100% monitoring success rate.
Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression Model with Gaussian Kernel Weighted Function and Bisquare Kernel Weighted Function
Authors: Harianto  , Nugroho W H , Sumarminingsih E
Published: April 2021

The Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model is a development of the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. Estimation of parameters in the GTWR model uses Weighted Least Square (WLS). The purpose of this study is to build two GTWR models using the Gaussian kernel weight function and the Bisquare kernel weight function on the percentage of poor people in East Java Province in 2010-2015. Each weighted function produces 228 different models at each location and time. The GTWR method with the Gaussian Kernel weight function produces parameter estimates at the observation location in the range between 0.7796 to 48.1435. Meanwhile, the parameter estimation of the GTWR model with the Kernel Bisquare weight function ranges from 0.7828 to 48.1444. The two weight functions can model the percentage of poor people in East Java Province in 2010-2015, with R2 values of 98.994% and 98.987%, respectively.
Mental Model of Prospective Chemistry Teachers on Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions
Authors: Suja I W , Sudiana I K , Redhana I W , Sudria I B N
Published: April 2021

This study aims to describe and explain the understanding of the three levels of chemistry and the mental model of prospective chemistry teachers on electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions. The research population was all 140 students of the Chemistry Education Study Program of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Undiksha on the odd semester of 2020/2021 academic year, with a sample of 114 students. Sampling was done by proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected by means of three-level multiple-choice objective tests, each level sequentially to measure understanding of the macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic levels. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results showed that students’ understanding of the macroscopic level was 34.21%, the submicroscopic level was 27.54%, and the symbolic level was 29.47%. Only 12.46% of mental model profiles are considered conceptual models, and the remaining 87.54% are classified as alternative mental models, which include 38.95% partially correct and 48.59% specific misconceptions. The data shows that students’ understanding of the three levels of chemistry is very low and most of their mental models on electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions are classified as alternative mental models.
Feature Extraction And Sound Pattern Analysis Of Wijaaksara Script
Authors: Gunadi I G A , Rahmawati D O
Published: April 2021

Wijaksara script is a sacred script in the Balinese script structure in Balinese Hindu culture, the sound of this script is believed to create vibrations that are spiritual and magical. In Balinese script literature, Wijaksara script is a combination of the Swalatita script with the Amsa script. Wijaksara script are categorized into several groups, namely (1) Eka Aksara (Om), (2) Dwi aksara (Ang, Ah), (3) Tri Aksara (Ang, Ung, Mang), (4) Panca Aksara (Nang, Mang, Sing, Wang, Yang), and (5) Dasa Aksara (Sang, Bang, Tang, Ang, Ing, Nang, Mang, Sing, Wang, Yang). In this research, several acoustic features of sound were extracted (1) constituent frequencies, (2) waveforms, (3) sound energy. Sound recordings from 20 samples were taken and then extracted to get the constituent frequency using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). Based on the sound waveform, the waveform and sound energy are obtained. In this study, the acoustic character patterns were obtained, namely Eka, Dwi, Tri, Panca, and Dasa. Aksara is influenced by the sound character of the eka script. The main frequencies for the sounds of the letters eka, bi, tri, and dasa are: 4.37 kHz, 7.22 kHz, 3.97 kHz. 4.18 KHZ, 11.8 KHz, while the sound energy for normal sound pronunciation conditions are: 87.31 dB, 96.72 dB, 83.25 dB, and 80.29 dB, respectively.
Antioxidant activity and total fenol content white saffron (Curcuma mangga Val)
Authors: Maryam S , Martiningsih
Published: April 2021

White saffron (Curcuma mangga Val) is one of the rhizomes that is widely used as traditional medicine or health drinks, because of the presence of antioxidant compounds in the form of curcuminoids. Curcuminoids are compounds that have fenol groups, have the ability to reduce free radicals and can function to repair damaged cells. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and total fenol content of white saffron (Curcuma mangga Val) so as to determine the potential of white saffron (Curcuma mangga Val) as an antioxidant. The sample in this study was white saffron (Curcuma mangga Val) powder. Analysis of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method and analysis of total fenol content using the Folin Ciucalceu test. The results of the mean analysis of the samples obtained, the antioxidant activity (IC50) of white saffron (Curcuma mangga Val) was 60.61 ppm and the total fenol level was 87.73 mg/g. From the magnitude of the IC50 value, it can be said that white saffron (Curcuma mangga Val) is a strong antioxidant category, so it can be suggested that white saffron (Curcuma mangga Val) can be used as a functional drink and can be a supplement for degenerative diseases.
Impact of Computer Simulation Assisted Virtual Experiment Module in Learning Hydrogen Atom in Senior High School
Authors: Mardana I B P
Published: April 2021

This study aims to (1) develop virtual-experimental software based on augmented reality as an interactive learning medium, which can be used as a teaching tool to improve the students’ mastery of physics concepts, (2) test the comparative advantage of Hydrogen Atom learning with a virtual approach experiment based on augmented reality with ordinary learning models on senior high school students’ learning outcomes. The research was categorized as quasi-experimental research which used a non-equivalent pre-test post-test control group. The research instrument used was a learning outcome test. The research data were analyzed by using covariance analysis (ANACOVA). The results of this study showed that the learning outcomes of students who studied with the AR-based virtual in the experimental learning model group were higher than students who studied in the conventional learning model group.
Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles on Porous silicon by Laser ablation in Liquid
Authors: Ismael Mohammed Ibrahim , Ali Ghazwan Ghazi , Muhsin Nayef Uday
Published: April 2021

In this article, Porous silicon was prepared using a photo-electrochemical etching method of n-type silicon at etching times (5 and 15 min.). The silver nanoparticles were coated on porous silicon by laser ablation in liquid with energy 400, 600, and 800 mJ. Atomic force microscope images showed an increase of pores size with etching time and it becomes smaller in diameter after laser ablation. Moreover, Scanning electron microscope displayed an aggregates formation when increasing laser energy. The strong peak of absorption of AgNPs found around 415-420 nm. The absorption amplitude increased when laser energy increases. Therefore, the nanostructures on the porous silicon properties play a crucial role in the formation of the homogeneity and this improves the structural stability of PSi layer.
Influence of manufacturing parameters on the mechanical properties of nano-reinforced CFRP by carbon nanofibers
Authors: Santos P. , Maceiras Alberto , Reis P. N. B.
Published: April 2021

One of the most relevant problems of nano-reinforced resins is the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles. This problem is even more relevant when they are involved in the production of laminated composites. In this case, in addition to the agglomeration of nanoparticles, air bubbles are also very frequent during the manufacturing process of laminated composites with nano-reinforced resins. These air bubbles are even more frequent in the manual lay-up process. In this context, this study intends to study some manufacture parameters in order to maximize the mechanical properties. For this purpose, the mixer rotation speed, the dispersion time of the nanoparticles and the vacuum time applied to the system were analyzed in detail. It was found that the mixing time is very dependent on the rotation speed used and there is an ideal vacuum time. A short vacuum time allows air bubbles to exist in the resin, while a long time promotes a decrease in mechanical properties due to the removal of resin in the laminates and, consequently, the fibers are not fully wet.
Removal of Sodium Dodycl Sulfate by using copper doped ZnONanoparticles
Authors: Parveen Dudekula , Khatoon Basheera Hussain , Sravanth Vundavalli Venkata , Raj A. Ajay , Poiba Venkata Rao , Vangalapati Meena
Published: April 2021

In present study Sodium Dodycl Sulfate(SDS), an anionic surfactant by using copper doped ZnO nanoparticles(Cu/ZnO-Np) are investigated. Furthur (Cu/ZnO-Np) were synthesized by using precipitation method in aqeous solution with sulfates of metallic precursors. By using XRD(X-ray diffraction) the crystalline analysis of nanoparticles were observed and by using SEM(scanning electron microscopy) the structure of nanoparticles were observed. For Cu/ZnO-Np the SEM size is 107.7nm. For phase identification and crystalline material XRD was used and to observe chemical properties of Cu/ZnO-Np, studied FTIR(Fourier Transmission of Infra-Red). The maximum percentage removal of Cu/ZnO-Np was found to be 98.5% by varying different conditions by time, dosage, pH, initial concentration and temperature parameters.
Salt additive extraction of cinnamon oil using microwave radiation
Authors: Modi Piyush I , Parikh Jigisha K , Desai Meghal A
Published: April 2021

Inorganic salts have the ability to disturb the plant cell structure which may improve the process for isolation of the essential oil. In the present work, potassium chloride (KCl) was utilized as an additive in extracting cinnamon oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum using microwave irradiation. The parametric study was performed for the four parameters namely; concentration of KCl salt, extraction time, solid loading, and microwave power. The parameters were then optimized using the Taguchi method and significance of each parameter was determined by analysis of variance. The highest recovery of cinnamon oil was found to be 5.43 (%, w/w) at 10 g KCl salt concentration, 40 min extraction time and 800 W microwave power. This approach has reduced the extraction time, utility requirements and energy consumption thereby showing the greener and cleaner aspects. Moreover, this process would be easily adopted at an industrial scale due to minor changes in existing process.
Application of biosolids (sewage sludge) in agricultural soils: a case study for corn seed LVN10
Authors: Nguyen Kieu Lan Phuong , Lam Van Tan , Giang Lam Van , Thi Van Doan , Hong Le Thi Anh , Tran Thanh
Published: April 2021

Reuse of biosolids aiming to take advantage of its nutrients and micronutrients for arable crops is an economical approach, in which wastes are considered potential resources and bring a variety of benefits. However, heavy metal residuals in sewage sludge have been gaining attention due to accumulation risk and adverse effects on the environment. This study experimented with sludges from Binh Hung municipal wastewater treatment plants treated by anaerobic co-digestion process on corn seed LVN10 to assess corn growth and heavy metals accumulation contents in various components of the corn and the soil. Consequently, within 90 days of using biosolids as treatments 1% and 3%, i.e., the corresponding amount of biosolids over the soil weight, there was no inhibition but growth stimulation for corn growth surveyed. Accumulations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni in roots, stalk, leaves, and mature corn and cultivated soil complied with the national regulations. The effectiveness of biosolids application for corn production in this study will benefit the depreciation of sludge production from municipal wastewater treatment plants and other applications for agricultural plants in the future.
Design and Optimization of Hybrid Interface Joint in a Composite Fan Blade of Aircraft Engine
Authors: Jadhav Prakash , Yella Gruha Lakshmi
Published: April 2021

Fan blades are one of the most important components of an aircraft engine. Bird strikes on fan blades have always been a cause of worry and it can cause slices of birds hitting other parts of the engine which may lead to greater damages. Bird strikes cannot be completely avoided. However, reduction of the impact of a bird on jet engines can be achieved by suitable design and manufacturing, through the simulation analysis. Although current composite blades can withstand the bird strike impact, some delamination failures are still observed on the trailing edge side of the blade, possibly due to vibration bending modes This paper talks about using two fibers in composite blade instead of the current single fiber one. For this to be feasible, two fiber joints at various locations on the blade have to be properly designed. The design criteria used here is the lowest inter-laminar shear strain level at critical joint locations. Suitable size coupon models in FEA with hybrid joints inside are used to simulate the blade bending with appropriate boundary conditions. The coupon models were developed by using the ANSYS APDL and linear static analysis was performed for different repetitive layups and varying layer by layer joint locations. The coupon joint designs with minimum inter-laminar shear strains are shortlisted to be recommended for use in sub-element and blade models.
Production and characterization of wax and grease from waste plastic
Authors: Kumbar P R , Patil V S , Kumbar S R , Kumbar R B , Bhange P
Published: April 2021

World has opened up to start a plastic-free zone. Plastic reusing is the greatest test for us all. During reusing it is important to avoid the potential risk of environmental degradation and hazard. Consuming plastics makes it perilous to the general public. The major focus is to utilize waste grade 4 plastic and generate grease and wax so efficiently that there is no release of harmful oxides (CO2, CO) in the environment and it is very economical. Utilizing waste plastic, the creation of grease and wax is completed. It is valuable to the general public without making the risk to condition. The portrayal of the grease and wax is featured right now. Results show that grease can be utilized for substantial vehicles and with certain added substances, it may be very well utilized for some applications.