bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term polyethylene wear rates and clinical outcomes of oxidized zirconium femoral heads on highly cross-linked polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Buckner Brandt C. , Urban Nathanael D. , Cahoy Kevin M. , Lyden Elizabeth R. , Deans Christopher F. , Garvin Kevin L.
Published: March 2024

Aims

Oxidized zirconium (OxZi) and highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) were developed to minimize wear and risk of osteolysis in total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, retrieval studies have shown that scratched femoral heads may lead to runaway wear, and few reports of long-term results have been published. The purpose of this investigation is to report minimum ten-year wear rates and clinical outcomes of THA with OxZi femoral heads on HXLPE, and to compare them with a retrospective control group of cobalt chrome (CoCr) or ceramic heads on HXLPE.

Methods

From 2003 to 2006, 108 THAs were performed on 96 patients using an OxZi head with a HXLPE liner with minimum ten-year follow-up. Harris Hip Scores (HHS) were collected preoperatively and at the most recent follow-up (mean 13.3 years). Linear and volumetric liner wear was measured on radiographs of 85 hips with a minimum ten-year follow-up (mean 14.5 years). This was compared to a retrospective control group of 45 THAs using ceramic or CoCr heads from October 1999 to February 2005, with a minimum of ten years’ follow-up.

Results

Average HHS improved from 50.8 to 91.9 and 51.0 to 89.8 in the OxZi group and control group, respectively (p = 0.644), with no osteolysis in either group. Linear and volumetric wear rates in the OxZi group averaged 0.03 mm/year and 3.46 mm3/year, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in HHS scores, nor in linear or volumetric wear rate between the groups, and no revision for any indication.

Conclusion

The radiological and clinical outcomes, and survivorship of THA with OxZi femoral heads and HXLPE liners, were excellent, and comparable to CoCr or ceramic heads at minimum ten-year follow-up. Wear rates are below what would be expected for development of osteolysis. OxZi-HXLPE is a durable bearing couple with excellent long-term outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3 Supple A):38–43.
Metal levels and glomerular filtration rate after unilateral Birmingham Hip Resurfacing
Authors: Engh, Jr Charles A. , Bhal Vinay , Hopper, Jr Robert H.
Published: March 2024

Aims

The first aim of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative renal function is associated with postoperative changes in whole blood levels of metal ions in patients who have undergone a Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) arthroplasty with a metal-on-metal bearing. The second aim was to evaluate whether exposure to increased cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) levels for ten years adversely affected renal function.

Methods

As part of a multicentre, prospective post-approval study, whole blood samples were sent to a single specialized laboratory to determine Co and Cr levels, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The study included patients with 117 unrevised unilateral BHRs. There were 36 females (31%). The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery of 51.3 years (SD 6.5), and they all had preoperative one-, four-, five-, and ten-year laboratory data. The mean follow-up was 10.1 years (SD 0.2).

Results

Median Co levels at one year postoperatively increased significantly compared with the preoperative values, by a factor of 9.7, from 0.13 to 1.26 ppb (p < 0.001), and the median Cr levels increased significantly by a factor of 2.5, from 0.60 to 1.50 ppb (p < 0.001). Lower preoperative eGFRs were associated with significantly larger increases in Co at one year compared with the preoperative levels (ρ = -0.26; p = 0.005), but there was no relationship between preoperative eGFRs and changes in Cr at one year (ρ = -0.13; p = 0.153). Metal levels remained relatively constant with the passage of time, with a median ten-year value of 1.12 ppb for Co and 1.29 ppb for Cr. There was no significant relationship between the Co and Cr levels at ten-year follow-up and the change in eGFR from the preoperative level to that at ten years (ρ = -0.02; p = 0.827 for Co; ρ = -0.008; p = 0.933 for Cr).

Conclusion

Although patients with lower preoperative eGFRs tended to have larger increases in Co levels at one year, increased metal levels for patients who underwent unilateral BHR did not adversely affect renal function during the first ten postoperative years.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3 Supple A):44–50.
The failure of subcategorization of cauda equina syndrome
Authors: Todd Nicholas V. , Casey Adrian , Birch Nick C.
Published: March 2024

The diagnostic sub-categorization of cauda equina syndrome (CES) is used to aid communication between doctors and other healthcare professionals. It is also used to determine the need for, and urgency of, MRI and surgery in these patients. A recent paper by Hoeritzauer et al (2023) in this journal examined the interobserver reliability of the widely accepted subcategories in 100 patients with cauda equina syndrome. They found that there is no useful interobserver agreement for the subcategories, even for experienced spinal surgeons. This observation is supported by the largest prospective study of the treatment of cauda equina syndrome in the UK by Woodfield et al (2023). If the accepted subcategories are unreliable, they cannot be used in the way that they are currently, and they should be revised or abandoned. This paper presents a reassessment of the diagnostic and prognostic subcategories of cauda equina syndrome in the light of this evidence, with a suggested cure based on a more inclusive synthesis of symptoms, signs, bladder ultrasound scan results, and pre-intervention urinary catheterization. This paper presents a reassessment of the diagnostic and prognostic subcategories of CES the light of this evidence, with a suggested cure based on a more inclusive synthesis of symptoms, signs, bladder ultrasound scan results, and pre-intervention urinary catheterization.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3):227–231.
Something old, something new
Authors: Mitchell Tim
Published: March 2024

In moving forward, we must not forget the past.
How can we maximise operating theatres and reduce waiting lists?
Authors: Joubert Tyla
Published: March 2024

Our Political Editor looks at the ways in which we can tackle the increasing demand on surgery and reduce the increasing waiting lists.
BiteLabs: giving clinicians the skills to navigate the medtech sector
Authors: Goyal Sanay , Alam Azeem
Published: March 2024

How a new learning platform is revolutionising learning for surgeons to navigate the medtech sector and develop their skills in an accessible and digestible way.
Observations from the farmyard: cattle, chimerism and a Nobel prize
Authors: Watkins PE
Published: March 2024

What can we learn from veterinary surgeons?
March 2024 Pulmonary Case of the Month: A Nodule of a Different Color
Authors:   Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ USA, Wesselius Lewis
Published: March 2024

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. History of Present Illness The patient is a 73-year-old woman from Wisconsin seen in January 2024 for lung nodules. She had been followed by her physician in Wisconsin for lung nodules but had never had a biopsy or specific diagnosis. She reported that the nodules “waxed and waned.” Her Wisconsin physician suggested she be evaluated in Arizona. She has occasional cough attributed to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, but denies sputum production, fever, chills or shortness of breath Past Medical History, Family History and Social History • Rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed in her 30s, although not currently on any treatment. • Breast cancer 2006, treated with chemoradiation • Osteoporosis • Family history: negative for lung cancer or other lung disorders • Social History: Lifelong nonsmoker Medications • None Physical Examination • Unremarkable Laboratory • Normal CBC • Cocci serology: negative • Rheumatoid factor: elevated 61 U/ml (normal < 15) • Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody: negative • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: normal Radiology A thoracic CT of …
Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics
Authors: Ciccarello Francesco , Lodahl Peter , Schneble Dominik
Published: March 2024

Engineering photon–emitter interactions in 1D—using a
suite of tools ranging from photonic-crystal waveguides to quantum dots to
ultracold atoms in optical lattices-is opening intriguing experimental and
practical opportunities in quantum information science and technology.
Brilliant Idea or Big Headache?
Authors: Hecht Jeff
Published: March 2024

Efforts to augment reality by mixing light from real and virtual
objects are fueling optical innovation, but making them work with the
human sensory system has proved a tough job.
Evidence for circulation of Rift Valley fever virus in wildlife and domestic animals in a forest environment in Gabon, Central Africa
Authors: Becquart Pierre , Bohou Kombila Linda , Mebaley Telstar Ndong , Paupy Christophe , Garcia Déborah , Nesi Nicolas , Olive Marie-Marie , Vanhomwegen Jessica , Boundenga Larson , Mombo Illich Manfred , Piro-Mégy Camille , Fritz Matthieu , Lenguiya Léadisaelle Hosanna , Ar Gouilh Meriadeg , Leroy Eric M. , N’Dilimabaka Nadine , Cêtre-Sossah Catherine , Maganga Gael Darren
Published: March 2024

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) that can infect domestic and wild animals. Although the RVFV transmission cycle has been well documented across Africa in savanna ecosystems, little is known about its transmission in tropical rainforest settings, particularly in Central Africa. We therefore conducted a survey in northeastern Gabon to assess RVFV circulation among wild and domestic animals. Among 163 wildlife samples tested using RVFV-specific RT-qPCR, four ruminants belonging to subfamily Cephalophinae were detected positive. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the four RVFV sequences clustered together with a virus isolated in Namibia within the well-structured Egyptian clade. A cross-sectional survey conducted on sheep, goats and dogs living in villages within the same area determined the IgG RVFV-specific antibody prevalence using cELISA. Out of the 306 small ruminants tested (214 goats, 92 sheep), an overall antibody prevalence of 15.4% (95% CI [11.5–19.9]) was observed with a higher rate in goats than in sheep (20.1% versus 3.3%). RVFV-specific antibodies were detected in a single dog out of the 26 tested. Neither age, sex of domestic animals nor season was found to be significant risk factors of RVFV occurrence. Our findings highlight sylvatic circulation of RVFV for the first time in Gabon. These results stress the need to develop adequate surveillance plan measures to better control the public health threat of RVFV.
Antimicrobial stewardship hindered by inadequate biosecurity and biosafety practices, and inappropriate antibiotics usage in poultry farms of Nepal–A pilot study
Authors: Poudel Ajit , Sharma Shreeya , Dhital Kavya , Bhandari Shova , Rajbhandari Pragun Gopal , Napit Rajindra , Puri Dhiraj , Karmacharya Dibesh B.
Published: March 2024

Nepal’s poultry industry has experienced remarkable growth in the last decade, but farm biosafety and biosecurity measures are often overlooked by farmers. As a result, farms often suffer from sporadic and regular outbreaks of many diseases, impacting production and creating public health challenges. Poor management practices, including overuse of antibiotics for prophylaxis and therapeutics, can enhance the spread of poultry diseases by propagating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that is threatening poultry and human health. We assessed biosafety, biosecurity risks and AMR stewardship in sixteen poultry farms located in four districts: Ramechhap, Nuwakot, Sindhupalchowk, and Kavre. Risk assessment and AMR stewardship evaluation questionnaires were administered to formulate biosafety and biosecurity compliance matrix (BBCM). Risk assessment checklist assessed facility operations, personnel and standard operating procedures, water supply, cleaning and maintenance, rodent/pest control and record keeping. Oral and cloacal samples from the poultry were collected, pooled, and screened for eight poultry pathogens using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests. Based on BBCM, we identified the highest BBCM score of 67% obtained by Sindhupalchowk farm 4 and the lowest of 12% by Kavre farm 3. Most of the farms (61.6%) followed general poultry farming practices, only half had clean and well-maintained farms. Lowest scores were obtained for personnel safety standard (42.4%) and rodent control (3.1%). At least one of the screened pathogens were detected in all farms. Mycoplasma gallisepticum was the most common pathogen detected in all but three farms, followed by Mycoplasma synoviae. More than half of the farmers considered AMR a threat, over 26% of them used antibiotics as a preventive measure and 81% did not consider withdrawal period for antibiotics prior to processing of their meat products. Additionally, antibiotics classified as “Watch” and “Restrict” by the WHO were frequently used by the farmers to treat bacterial infections in their farms.
Gait retraining targeting foot pronation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Hamed , Khorramroo Fateme , Jafarnezhadgero Amirali
Published: March 2024

Foot pronation is a prevalent condition known to contribute to a range of lower extremity injuries. Numerous interventions have been employed to address this issue, many of which are expensive and necessitate specific facilities. Gait retraining has been suggested as a promising intervention for modifying foot pronation, offering the advantage of being accessible and independent of additional materials or specific time. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the effect of gait retraining on foot pronation. We searched four databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase from their inception through 20 June 2023. The Downs and Black appraisal scale was applied to assess quality of included studies. Two reviewers screened studies to identify studies reporting the effect of different methods of gait-retraining on foot pronation. Outcomes of interest were rearfoot eversion, foot pronation, and foot arch. Two authors separately extracted data from included studies. Data of interest were study design, intervention, variable, sample size and sex, tools, age, height, weight, body mass index, running experience, and weekly distance of running. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with random effects model in RevMan version 5.4. Fifteen studies with a total of 295 participants were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that changing step width does not have a significant effect on peak rearfoot eversion. The results of the meta-analysis showed that changing step width does not have a significant effect on peak rearfoot eversion. Results of single studies indicated that reducing foot progression angle (MD 2.1, 95% CI 0.62, 3.58), lateralizing COP (MD -3.3, 95% CI -4.88, -1.72) can effectively reduce foot pronation. Overall, this study suggests that gait retraining may be a promising intervention for reducing foot pronation; Most of the included studies demonstrated significant improvements in foot pronation following gait retraining. Changing center of pressure, foot progression angle and forefoot strike training appeared to yield more favorable outcomes. However, further research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness and long-term benefits.
Physician factors affecting patient preferences in selecting a primary care provider: A qualitative research study in Singapore
Authors: Lee Abigail Ern Jie , Ithinin Sulaiha , Tan Ngiap Chuan
Published: March 2024

Background

Care continuity by a dedicated, well-trained primary care physician (PCP) has shown to improve health outcomes of patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In Singapore’s fee-for-service primary care system, patients can choose to consult any PCP in either a public (polyclinic), private (General Practitioners/ GP), or both types of clinics, resulting in potential fragmented care. Decision-making by patients in selecting their preferred PCP remains unclear. This study aims to explore the personal factors influencing the choice of PCP among patients with NCDs in primary care.

Methods

This qualitative research study was conducted in a typical polyclinic. In-depth interviews were conducted on patients with NCDs. Purposive sampling was implemented to enrol patients who had previously consulted PCPs in polyclinics and GP clinics, garnering their perspectives and experiences of care received from both providers. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and audited. Data was coded and analysed using thematic content analysis to identify emerging themes. The physician-specific factors which influence patients’ decision-making of PCP selection are presented here.

Results

Twenty-one Asian patients aged 38 to 82 years were interviewed. They preferred PCPs with an approachable and genuine demeanour, exhibiting empathy and compassion. They valued the PCPs’ verbal, non-verbal and listening skills. Regarding professional qualities, patients wanted PCPs to demonstrate competency and a patient-centred care approach. Some selected their PCP based on compatible age and gender that they felt comfortable with. Establishing good rapport with their PCP and maintaining continuity of care were deemed as major factors in patients’ PCP selection.

Conclusion

Patients tended to select PCPs based on their personal characteristics, interpersonal skills, professional attributes, demographics, and the physician-patient relationship. PCPs should be aware of these attributes and demonstrate them during their patient interaction. Leveraging on this enables PCPs to build rapport with their patients and maintain care continuity to optimize their health outcomes.
Michaelis–Menten kinetics during dry etching processes
Authors: Knizikevičius Rimantas
Published: March 2024

The chemical etching of germanium in Br2 environment at elevated temperatures is described by the Michaelis–Menten equation. The validity limit of Michaelis–Menten kinetics is subjected to the detailed analysis. The steady-state etching rate requires synergy of two different process parameters. High purity gas should be directed to the substrate on which intermediate reaction product does not accumulate. Theoretical calculations indicate that maximum etching rate is maintained when 99.89% of the germanium surface is covered by the reaction product, and 99.9999967% of the incident Br2 molecules are reflected from the substrate surface. Under these conditions, single GeBr2 molecule is formed after 30 million collisions of Br2 molecules with the germanium surface.
Perceived anxiety and depression and associated factors among women inmates with a long-term sentence in Thailand
Authors: Sunpuwan Malee , Thaweesit Suchada , Tangchonlatip Kanchana
Published: March 2024

Background

In Thailand, the growing prevalence of mental health problems among the increasing number of adult female prisoners has emerged as a significant public health concern. However, studies on the health of women prisoners are primarily conducted in Western societies, and studies in other countries are rare. Thailand, a non-western country, is no exception to this.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to assess the current levels of anxiety and depression among women drug offenders in Thailand and to identify possible associated factors.

Methods

Data were collected from a sample consisting of 554 women drug offenders serving sentences of eight years or more. Stratified random sampling with proportionate stratification was employed during the data collection. The female inmates were being held in three categories of prisons: correctional institutions, central prisons, and provincial prisons. A single question was used to measure self-perceived levels of anxiety and depression: none, moderate, or substantial. Ordered logit regression was employed in the data analysis.

Findings

One out of five (21.1%) of the inmates in the sample reported no perceived current anxiety and depression, 61.7% reported moderate anxiety and depression, and 17.1% reported having substantial perceived levels of anxiety and depression. It was found that chronic health conditions or disease, concerns about economic status, and feelings of shame were associated with the perceived anxiety and depression reported by the inmates.

Conclusion

The study’s findings suggest that integrated mental health services that emphasize a holistic approach that acknowledges the intersectionality of women’s mental health and societal gender roles should be provided in prisons. Regular mental health screening and accessible mental health services are essential for all incarcerated women. Empowerment programs during confinement can boost self-esteem and thus lead to better post-release outcomes. The government should also implement programs to alleviate the financial burden on prisoners’ households.
Journalists and the ‘death knock’: How reflection can inform practice
Authors: Watson Alysson , Markidis Stefanie
Published: March 2024

While critical reflection has been identified as a useful and important practice for journalists, researchers highlight pushback from practitioners who say reflection is too ‘academic’, too time-consuming and a threat to their professional autonomy and identity. However, a survey of Australian journalists shows them to be reflective upon their practice of the ‘death knock’, in which they seek to interview the family of someone who has died in newsworthy circumstances. This article reflects on findings of Watson’s 2021 survey of 100 journalists’ death knock practice. Through qualitative responses, analysed through the lens of Donald Schon’s ‘reflective practitioner’, journalists demonstrate their capacity for reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action in their death knock practice. While journalists refine their practices through reflection, their professional tasks remain greatly influenced by newsroom pressures. Journalists’ tacit negotiation of pressures can be understood as Bourdieusian habitus. Through Bourdieu’s conception of constituent and constitutive ‘feel for the game’, we expose a paradox: no matter what clout a journalist develops, they remain constrained by newsroom culture. In the face of this paradox, we follow the call from survey participants for a holistic approach to education and support.
Ensaio de aplicação do modelo sistémico e interativo à documentação da Misericórdia de Monforte, à guarda do Arquivo Histórico Municipal
Authors: Botelheiro Carrilho António Jorge
Published: March 2024

Este texto resulta da inventariação das séries documentais de cinco fundos depositados pela Misericórdia de Monforte no Arquivo Municipal daquela vila, em outubro de 2021, a saber: Misericórdia de Monforte; Misericórdia de Assumar; Comissão de Assistência do Concelho de Monforte; Comissão de Assistência aos Pobres de Monforte; Clube Artístico Monfortense. Tem como principal objetivo estabelecer um quadro de classificação orgânico-funcional harmonizado com o modelo sistémico e interativo preconizado por Armando Malheiro da Silva (Silva, 2004, pp. 55-84), Fernanda Ribeiro, Júlio Ramos e Manuel Luís Real (Silva et al., 1999). Assente no pressuposto de que famílias e outras entidades públicas e privadas são sistemas dinâmicos que geram, contextualizam e recebem informação, comunicada através de um suporte material, o modelo propõe levar a cabo uma pesquisa, que forneça informação rigorosa sobre a documentação acumulada, tomando como referência a metodologia avançada por Paul de Bruyne, Jacques Herman e Marc de Schoutheete (1974, como citado em Silva et al., 1999, pp. 220-224)[1]. O arquivista assume o papel do cientista que procura compreender e explicar o objeto informacional (o documento) em toda a sua complexidade. Não nos arvorámos a tamanho empreendimento, porque era impossível fazê-lo em tão curto espaço de tempo e em tão limitado número de páginas, face a tão grande volume documental. Fica, no entanto, um contributo para trabalhos futuros de classificação e descrição, e a reflexão sobre a adequação do modelo a quaisquer massas documentais, partindo de uma análise à organização interna dos produtores e às motivações geradoras da documentação.

 

[1] O modelo sistémico e interativo resulta da aplicação de uma metodologia assente em quatro polos de análise de uma determinada realidade, destacando-se no polo teórico o “princípio da ação estruturante”, que é, no fundo, o conjunto de fatores que geram um Arquivo, a sua organização e função, e o da “integração dinâmica”, que consta das relações que o Arquivo experimenta com outros sistemas, influenciando-os e recebendo, ele próprio, os contributos daqueles (De Bruyne et al., 1974, como citado em Silva et al., 1999, pp. 220-224).
A Torre do Tombo: de Arquivo da Coroa a Arquivo Nacional
Authors: Rodrigues Abel
Published: March 2024

O presente texto pretende identificar e definir os quadros cronológicos evolutivos da Torre do Tombo, primeiro como Arquivo da Coroa e depois como Arquivo Nacional, apresentando uma análise de legislação oficial promulgada entre o século XVI e o ano de 2012 pelos sucessivos órgãos de soberania. Para tal foram definidos cinco grandes contextos: Entre os finais da Idade Média e o ocaso do Antigo Regime: o rei, o despacho e o arquivo da Coroa (séc. XVI-1820); A transformação imposta pela Monarquia Constitucional: o Arquivo Nacional (1820-1910); A I República: centralização e descentralização (1910-1926); A Ditadura Militar e o Estado Novo (1926-1974); e Do 25 de Abril aos nossos dias: presente e futuro de um Arquivo Nacional (1974-2012). É nosso objectivo fixar e caracterizar de forma sintética os diversos enquadramentos político-administrativos da instituição e, sobretudo, contextualizar a evolução das suas funções e actividades, as quais são determinantes para compreender as formas de produção da informação, de incorporação e a história custodial dos fundos documentais que actualmente tem à sua guarda.
El corporativismo médico en el cine
Authors: Mañez-Arocas Constantino , Cabedo-García Vicente Ramón
Published: March 2024

Realizamos una búsqueda sistemática de películas utilizando los términos corporativismo y medicina en sitios web especializados sin importar la duración, nacionalidad, género o año de producción. Excluimos las películas animadas y series de television.
Tras visionar 24 películas, seleccionamos seis de ellas buscando que fueran films de calidad, que no fueran muy conocidos y que el corporativismo formara parte importante del guion.
En todos ellos y en diferentes formatos (comedia, drama, …) el corporativismo se presenta como una forma de corrupción en la que pueden caer los médicos, teniendo estos que anteponer siempre la salud del paciente y no sus intereses y prebendas.
El análisis y comentario de todas estas películas puede ser de gran utilidad para la enseñanza de las ciencias de la salud, ayudando a evitar situaciones indeseables que tengan como responsable al corporativismo.
Modulating the Microbial Landscape
Authors: Brell Edward
Published: March 2024

The human gut, once considered barren, is now known to harbour a vast community of trillions of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiome. This intricate ecosystem plays a pivotal role in shaping our overall health and well-being, encompassing crucial functions such as digestion, immunity, metabolism, and mental well-being. This paper embarks on a historical and scientific journey, tracing the evolution of probiotics from their ancient origins in fermented foods to their present status as potent tools for targeted modulation of the gut environment. Probiotics, with their extensive history, encompass a wide range of interventions, from traditional fermented foods to modern supplements. They offer the potential for personalized health interventions by modulating the gut microbiome. Mechanisms of probiotic action include competitive exclusion and niche competition, which contribute to restoring microbial balance within the gut. The future of probiotics lies in precision medicine, where tailored interventions can harness their full potential. By combining probiotics with prebiotics, substances that nourish beneficial gut bacteria, we can enhance their efficacy and create a more favourable gut environment. Ongoing research aims to unlock the complete spectrum of probiotic interventions and their health benefits, paving the way for personalized probiotic therapies.This paper highlights the significance of probiotics in managing digestive ailments, boosting immunity, and influencing chronic health conditions. However, challenges related to safety and strain specificity necessitate a cautious and personalized approach to probiotic use. Considering the current state of research and acknowledging the remaining hurdles, we envision a future where personalized probiotic interventions unlock the full potential of this microbial odyssey, enhancing human health and well-being.
Profitability and efficiency of conduction systems and optimal tomato density for fresh consumption
Authors: Dipple Fernanda Lourenço , Ponce Franciely da Silva , Toledo Claudia Aparecida de Lima , Da Silva Rejeane Maria , Grzebieluckas Cleci , Seabra Júnior Santino
Published: March 2024

This study evaluated the productivity and economic profitability of cultivation systems for the table market. A hybrid tomato cultivar, Fascínio was grown in 12 cultivation systems of the “half stake”, “open V”, and “low” types, with four spacings–0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 m between plants and 1.5 m between rows. Eleven fruits were harvested at the mature stage, and the productive (total, commercial, and non-commercial productivity, percentage of losses, and types of damage) and economic (production cost, revenue, and profit) parameters were evaluated. The half-stake and low (both with 0.2 m spacing) cropping systems showed the highest total yields (179 t ha-1), differing from the open V (154.4 t ha-1) and half-stake (0.2 m spacing) systems at higher commercial productivity (158.1 t ha-1). With a production cost below 100 thousand R$ per hectare and a profitability index above 58%, the half-stake and low (0.2 m spacing) cultivation systems proved to be more productive and economically efficient than the open V system, fulfilling the requirements of tomato growers. The creeping system (0.2 m spacing) had the highest percentage of losses (22%) due to non-marketable fruits; Based on damage nature, the half-stake system tomatoes showed black backgrounds and the open and creeping systems showed tomato locules affected by pests.
Canadian Law Between the Wars
Authors: Pound Richard W.
Published: March 2024

Examined through a legal prism, Canada is an officially bilingual federal state with a bi-juridical legal system based, for the most part, on the traditions of British common law as it has evolved over the years. But in Quebec, the private law is civil law, contained in a Civil Code, derived from the laws established in what was New France. Canadian public law is essentially British. The current Head of State is King Charles III, Head of the Commonwealth. Canada’s constitution sets forth, inter alia, the jurisdictional competence of the federal government and that of the provinces and territories. Over the course of the more than 150 years since Confederation, the respective governments have engaged in much litigation, testing the limits of their respective legislative powers.
Beginning in the early years of the twentieth century, an increasing volume of legislation developed as Canada progressed from its colonial status to a fully autonomous state with full control of both its domestic and foreign affairs. The scope and volume of legislation increased substantially in the lead-up to the Second World War (and thereafter) as governments, in their respective spheres, sought to create a legal environment that was attentive to a broader range of social issues. The existence of a federal state complicated the development and enactment of policies that produce the same outcomes throughout the country, since the constitution confers legislative jurisdiction on the provinces regarding property and civil rights. Much effort is expended in intergovernmental negotiations, leading to achievement of substantially harmonised results.
Reviewing the Privacy Implications of Indias Digital Personal Data Protection Act (2023) from Library Contexts
Authors: Bareh Chanlang Ki
Published: March 2024

The study reviews the provisions and privacy implications of the India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (referred to as “DPDP Act” in this study) from the library context. The immense nature of personal data breaches prompted the government to enact the DPDP Act on 11th August 2023. Through the DPDP Act, this study addresses the privacy concerns in the library by articulating the eleven (11) privacy principles, viz., data collection & notice; data retention; data processing; data sharing; users consent; children’s data; user’s rights; users security; reporting; accountability and compensation. These principles can act as privacy guidelines for libraries when negotiating with library vendors; these principles will further guide e-vendors into creating an online environment where user’s privacy rights are protected. Also, this study aims to address the online privacy gaps in libraries by providing additional corrective measures and examples, such as - setting up an itemised privacy policy, a simple policy that is easily accessible, reducing the use of web tracking technologies, encouraging the use of privacy-enhancing technologies, de-identification of patron’s data, and emphasising on user’s right in the web environments. The study may also empower the government and online businesses by preserving the privacy rights of users.
A Systematic Review of Application of Social Media in Libraries
Authors: Margam Madhusudhan , Soni Sahil
Published: March 2024

Social media has emerged as a pivotal technological tool for libraries, enabling them to promote resources, services, and online offerings effectively. Many scholars and experts worldwide are trying hard and fast to explore the possibilities of an effective library social media presence. This paper systematically reviews 25 studies from the last six years (2018-2023) available in the area of social media application in libraries. PRISMA guidelines have been used to filter and select the most relevant literature to present a holistic and tangible view of the contemporary level of social media amalgamation in libraries. The chosen articles represent the numerous social media platforms available for libraries, the challenges in incorporating those platforms into monotonous services, and promotion and operative strategies to overcome those challenges. In the review, the library's social media practice revolves around three dimensions, i.e., communication, advertising, and services. Reference service is found to be the most preferred service through social media. Multiple factors, indicators, actions, and motivations have been found to strategize the libraries' social media incidence. This paper will provide a bird's eye view of the current status of library social media applications and help library professionals strategically select and utilize different social media platforms.
Computational Investigation of Regulatory Region SNPs of Autophagy Gene BECN1
Authors: Kaur Sargeet , Vashistt Jitendraa , Changotra Harish
Published: March 2024

The autophagy process plays a cytoprotective role and ensures the healthy survival of a cell. The role of autophagy has been implicated in various diseases, making it an essential candidate for therapeutic interventions. Beclin 1, a candidate autophagy protein, plays a critical role during autophagy initiation and maturation by interacting with various other autophagy proteins. Beclin1 has been reported to be involved in various human diseases. This study uses a computational approach to study the effect of non-coding region single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of gene encoding beclin1. RegulomeDB, SNP2TFBS, and PROMO ALLGEN were used to predict the effect of promoter region variants on transcription factor binding sites. SNPs located within 3'UTR were analyzed by miRdSNP, PolymiRTS Database 3.0, miRNASNP-V3, MicroSNIPER, and miRmap. Nine promoter region variants that alter the transcription factor binding sites and 4 variants in 3'UTR were identified that either create a new target site for miRNA or disrupt an existing one. The functional analysis of these identified SNPs could be done experimentally to unravel their relation with a particular disease and the genetic predisposition of human subjects for a disease.
Integrated Physiology Extreme Environment
Authors: Varshney Rajeev
Published: March 2024

A successful military operation not only necessitates cutting-edge, contemporary weapon systems but also, fittest men behind these machines. These men, desirably with the highest order of physiological and psychological well-being to operate in the harshest of battle fields shape the battle field dynamics through grit and valour. Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS, DRDO), a Delhi based DRDO laboratory, has been contributing towards the operational readiness of Indian troops in varied environmental conditions through physiological, biomedical and ergonomic approaches. The translational research in DIPAS has been contributing towards safe induction of troops to high altitude and desert environments, sustenance in extreme environmental conditions and improving soldier performance in demanding operational conditions.
Cambios percibidos en hábitos de alimentación, composición corporal, condición física y psicológica de deportistas universitarios durante la cuarentena por Covid-19
Authors: Zuluaga Muriel Eileen , Martínez Caro Carlos , Flórez Lubo Sebastián , Agudelo Martínez María Alejandra
Published: March 2024

Objetive: Describe the perceived changes in eating habits, body composition, physical and psychological condition of university athletes during the quarantine by Covid-19, in the year 2020. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study, from a secondary data source, 403 universitary athletes answered an online survey on 2020´s second semester. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data, Pearson´s Chi X2 <0,05 test was used to determine association between variables of interest: Sport type, sex and Covid-19. Results: The majority practiced individual sports (55.3 %). About 89 % of athletes did not present Covid-19 59.8 % felt that body weight worsened, being higher in individual sports (p= 0.005). Most of the athletes trained for at least one hour a day (81.1 %), a higher proportion of women received advice from a coach and from social networks (62.7 %), while 7 out of 10 men only complemented their training with information from social networks (p=0.001), the type of sport also presented an association in this variable (p=0.024) The psychological characteristics were those that showed the greatest significant differences according to gender and type of sport. Conclusion: The Covid-19 quarantine is associated with unfavorable changes in university athletes, specifically changes in eating habits were perceived with an increase in the amount of foods of low nutritional quality, negative changes in weight, worse physical condition, where the individual sports were more affected compared to group sports, feelings of loneliness, anxiety and bad mood, where women were the most affected.
Hemorragia intraventricular y factores asociados en recién nacidos pretérmino: Cohorte retrospectiva
Authors: Sánchez Escobar Isabel Cristina , Sarmiento Naranjo Juan Nicolas , Marín Castro María José , Palacio Velásquez María Alejandra , Orozco Forero Juan Pablo , Rodríguez Padilla Libia María
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Estimar la frecuencia de la hemorragia intraventricular y los factores asociados en neonatos pretérmino hospitalizados en una unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal de alta complejidad. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte, en el que se incluyeron neonatos menores de 37 semanas de gestación, atendidos en una institución de alta complejidad, entre enero de 2015 hasta diciembre de 2018; se valoró el desarrollo de hemorragia intraventricular diagnosticada por métodos de imagen. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de la revisión de las historias clínicas electrónicas y se analizaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 296 pacientes, 128 (43,2 %) eran mujeres; 23 pacientes (7,8 %) desarrollaron hemorragia intraventricular, la cual predominó en el sexo femenino (11,7 %). La mediana de edad gestacional fue de 34 semanas. Los factores asociados al desarrollo de hemorragia intraventricular fueron el peso al nacer por debajo de 1500 gr, las infecciones (p<0,0001), los cuadros de apneas (<0,0001), la hiperglicemia (p = 0,025) y la necesidad de surfactante (p= 0,019); por su parte, los esteroides prenatales se comportaron como un factor protector (p=0,002). Los pacientes con hemorragia intraventricular tuvieron mayor necesidad de ventilación mecánica, mayor uso de inotrópicos o vasopresores, más transfusiones y mayor estancia hospitalaria. Conclusiones: A pesar de que la hemorragia intraventricular resultó ser una patología poco frecuente en la población de neonatos analizada, existen factores de riesgo que se relacionan con su desarrollo, como la edad gestacional, el bajo peso al nacer, las infecciones, las apneas y la hiperglicemia.
Características del pie y equilibrio dinámico en basquetbolistas, futbolistas y voleibolistas colombianos
Authors: Campo Ramírez Miguel Angel , Hernández Oñate Gabriel , López Salamanca David Eliecer
Published: March 2024

Introducción: El equilibrio dinámico es la base de todas las actividades motrices deportivas; su déficit se asocia con el riesgo de lesión. Variables como la huella plantar y el mecanismo de windlass podrían influir en este equilibrio. Actualmente no se encuentran estudios que relacionen estos elementos en deportistas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la huella plantar y el MW en el equilibrio dinámico en deportistas colombianos. Metodología: Estudio transversal y correlacional. Participaron 193 deportistas de baloncesto (n=45), fútbol (n=102) y voleibol (n=46). El equilibrio dinámico se evaluó mediante el test de la Y. Para determinar el tipo de pie se utilizó el método de Herzco y el test de Jack para evaluar el MW. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el equilibrio dinámico según huella plantar en baloncesto H(2)=9.033, Sig.=0.01; 1- ? =.202, ?2=.205. En la Prueba Post Hoc hubo diferencias entre las huellas plano-cavo (p=0.012) y neutra-cavo (p=0.01). También hubo diferencias en el equilibrio dinámico según comportamiento del mecanismo windlass en baloncesto Z=-4.164, U=69.0, Sig=0.000, 1- ? =.70 r=0.620. En futbol y voleibol no se apreció influencia del tipo de huella en el equilibrio dinámico y el mecanismo windlass solo influyó en algunos alcances del YBT. Conclusiones: El equilibrio dinámico podría verse afectado por el tipo de huella plantar y el mecanismo de windlass en basquetbolistas. La huella cava y la ausencia del mecanismo windlass se asociaron a mayor desempeño en el equilibrio dinámico. Futuras investigaciones podrían explorar esta relación en muestras con mayor prevalencia de huella cava en las diferentes disciplinas.
Entrenamiento de fuerza para prevención de caídas en personas mayores: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Rivera Miranda Pablo , Trujillo Altamirano Christian , Yáñez Yáñez Rodrigo , Mc Ardle Draguicevic Nelson , Quintana Peña Pedro , Parra Rizo María Antonia
Published: March 2024

Introducción: El entrenamiento de fuerza está asociado con cambios positivos hacia un envejecimiento saludable y con calidad de vida dado que previenen las lesiones, fragilidad, así como las caídas. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la evidencia científica disponible sobre los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza en la prevención de caídas en personas mayores. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos en las bases de datos: Medline vía PubMed, Web of Science (WOS) y Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) vía Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BVS) que cumplan con los criterios de elegibilidad, entre la fecha del 08 de mayo del 2022 hasta el 11 de octubre del 2022, seleccionando 10 documentos. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 75,3 años, en el 90% de los artículos predomino el sexo femenino, con respecto a los programas el 70% duro 60 minutos y en el 50% predomino ejercicios predominantemente de miembros inferiores, y el 60 % de los artículos usaron el Timed up and go para evaluar sus programas, la totalidad de los artículos demuestran que el entrenamiento de fuerza redujo el riesgo de caídas a corto plazo. Conclusión: Todas las principales conclusiones apuntan a un cambio favorable en la prevención de caídas a través del análisis de la fuerza, el equilibrio, la tasa de caídas, la condición física y/o el miedo a caer tras realizar entrenamiento de fuerza. Palabras clave: entrenamiento de fuerza, persona mayor, accidentes por caídas, prevención de accidentes. [DECs].
Folia Pharmaceutica Universitatis Carolinae LI
Authors: Opletalová Veronika , Vojtíšek Tomáš , Doležal Martin
Published: March 2024

Abstracts from the 10th Postgraduate and Postdoc Conference of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, 22–23 January 2020.
The Role of Small United Nations Member States
Authors: Christensen Hanne
Published: March 2024

This article outlines the situation of small member states of the United Nations which make up the majority of the membership. It shows that smallness is far from insignificance. Small UN members are active, diligent, and necessary partners for significant member states in the endeavor to get resolutions through in the General Assembly. They work in close collaboration with and assist one another, share insightful knowledge and through networking can cover the entire field of activities of the United Nations. Yet being short staffed, getting through valuable information of a heavy-written nature issued by the UN to do their job presents a challenge.
Wprowadzenie
Authors: Churski Paweł
Published: March 2024

Zapraszamy Państwa do zapoznania się z 66. numerem czasopisma „Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna” przygotowanym przez Wydział Geografii Społeczno-Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Jest on siódmym zeszytem serii poświęconej wyzwaniom rozwojowym Wielkopolski. Dostrzegając niedostatek aktualnych opracowań dotyczących problemów społecznych i ekonomicznych naszego regionu, Redakcja, przy aprobacie ówczesnej Rady Instytutu Geografii Społeczno-Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej UAM, postanowiła, że począwszy od 2016 r., każdy czwarty w danym roku zeszyt naszego czasopisma będzie miał charakter tomu zbierającego wyniki badań regionalnych dotyczących województwa wielkopolskiego. Zakładamy, że podjęta inicjatywa przyczynia się do tworzenia cennego poznawczo zbioru wyników analiz, których zakres przestrzenny dotyczy Wielkopolski.