bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posterior Shoulder Dislocation Due to an Atypical Trauma Mechanism
Authors: Güzel Şevket Ergun , Baysal Özgür , Eceviz Engin , Elmalı Nurzat
Published: December 2014

Objectives:

A 32 year old man who was admitted to the emergency department with serious pain and absent movement of the right upper extremity due to passing the ball in a basketball game. He had no shoulder dislocation in his medical history. The right shoulder position was flexion and adduction. The shoulder range of motion was restricted and the neurovascular examination was intact. Posterior shoulder dislocation was diagnosed in radiographs.The aim of the study is pointed out an unusual mechanism of the posterior shoulder dislocations which is related microtrauma. The main problem in treatment of this kind of dislocation is correct and timely diagnosis.

Methods:

After diagnosing the posterior shoulder dislocation, we reducted the shoulder joint immediately and immobilized in abduction and external rotation with Velpeau bandage. We took radiographs and computerized tomography to confirm the reduction of the joint and diagnose the additional bone pathology. Reverse Hill Sacks lesion was diagnosed. Two weeks later after diagnosing passive range of movement exercises were applied. Magnetic resonance imaging was done to diagnose the additional pathology.

Results:

There was no spesific finding in radiographs and reverse Hill Sachs lesion and anterior labral tear were determined in magnetic images finding.

Conclusion:

Shoulder joint dislocations are the most seen pathology in the emergency department. On the other hand posterior shoulder dislocations are less common than anterior dislocations, but more commonly missed. Posterior shoulder dislocations are caused by high energy trauma, seizures, electric shocks and microtrauma.
Posterior Ankle and Hind Foot Arthroscopy
Authors: Gökkuş Kemal , Aydın Ahmet Turan
Published: December 2014

Objectives:

While anterior ankle arthroscopy is a widely accepted technique, posterior ankle/hind foot arthroscopy is still a relatively new procedure. The arthroscopic visualisation was often initially limited and vulnerabilty of the posteromedial neurovascular structures to injury scared orthopaedic surgeons. The goal of this review is to highlight the indications, and to present the long term follow up results of posterior ankle/hind foot arthroscopy.

Methods:

The study included 21 ankles in 21 patients (12 male and 9 female ).The mean age was 37.7 , the mean duration of preoperative symptoms 12.8 months . Arthroscopy performed with the patient prone , under general and spinal anesthesia with tourniquet hemostasis . Preoperative intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis is performed (cefazolin 1g) , sand bag placed under ipsilateral anteresuperior iliac spine to correct natural external rotated posture of the ankle and ankle is left hanging of the table so that it can moved freely during surgery. We applied noninvasive distraction method with simple rope which tied and knotted waist of the surgeon . The posterolateral and posteromedial portals which described by Van Dijk was utilized . The arthroscopic visualisation was often initially limited and careful debritement of some adipose tissue of the kager fat pad (Kager's fat pad, also known as the pre-Achilles fat pad) was necessary to create more space to aid visualization .The most valuable point to stay clear from trouble is to understand , know and aware where the flexor hallucis longus tendon exist .So neurovascular structures located beyond this tendon. Principally the process must advance into lateral to medial manner. The mean follow up period was 55 months. The most common preoperative diagnoses were osteochondral lesions of talus (ten ),painful os trigonum syndrome with (five )or without (three) FHL tenosynovitis (total eight ), posterior talofibular ligament thickenning (two ), Haglund’s deformity (one )

Results:

The mean pre operative AOFAS score was 50.75, the mean post operative AOFAS score was 93.75. Complications were noted. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and oedema was diagnosed during early post operative period in one patient (%4.7), resolved with physical therapy.

Conclusion:

The most common procedures were osteochondral lesion debritement and curettage with multidrilling /microfracture (10), isolated os trigonum excision (2), tenolysis of the flexor hallucis longus tendon with os trigonum excision (6 ), debritment of the thickened posterior talofibular ligament (2), endoscopic partial calcanectomy for Haglund’s deformity (1) . Our experience demostrated that posterior ankle and hind foot arthroscopy can be performed with low rate of major postoperative complication.
Bearing Weight at the Same Day in Conservatively Treated Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture Patients
Authors: Korkmaz Murat , Yolcu Sadiye , Balbaloğlu Özlem , Öztemur Zekeriya , Karaarslan Fatih
Published: December 2014

Objectives:

Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) often occurs in 40- to 50-year-old men.. At treating there has been considerable research interest in attempting to identify the optimal treatment strategy, surgical or non-surgical, combined with functional early mobilisation or plaster cast immobilisation. Our aimed to compare the outcomes of bearing weight at the same day in conservatively treated and surgically treated groups of ATR patients.

Methods:

Thirty-two conservatively treated ATR patients and twenty nine surgically treated ATR patients were included to our study. Patients were over 18 years old who had been followed for 12 months by our clinic. All patients underwent knee supporting cast at four week and both group was asked for walking with bearing weight (%30-40) at same day.

Results:

In all groups 2nd and 12th months’ AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) scorings of the patients had significant differences (p<0.001). Return to work time results were significantly different and shorter in conservatively treated group (p= 0.035). This study founded a relatively high complication percentage of (6 patients) 20.6% in the surgically treated group. On the contrary the wound complications non-surgical group has not been be observed.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this study adds to evidence that a well conducted non-surgical treatment protocol (early mobilization treatment regimen) gives a good clinical outcome and complication rate is not higher than after surgical treatment.
Ganglion Cyst Contiguity of the Flexor Hallusis Longus Tendon in a National Swimmer
Authors: Çirci Esra , Özyalvaç Osman Nuri , Tüzüner Tolga , Ermutlu Cenk
Published: December 2014

Objectives:

Tendinopathy of the flexor hallusis longus tendon is common in the athletes. This case is intended to be reported diagnose and treatment ganglion cyst contiguity of the flexor hallucis longus tendon that located atypical region and adversely affect the athlete's training program.

Methods:

25-year-old male national swimmer was assessed with a left ankle pain. He had an intensive training program in the pool using pallets at the everyday. Pain in the left ankle was localized posterior and distal of the medial malleolus . Ankle range of motion and muscle strength was full. Neurovascular examination was normal. Radiography with anterior posterior, lateral and oblique analysis was not any unusual finding. In the evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging, thickening of the tendon sheath and effusion around the flexor hallucis longus was revealed and tendon integrity was exact.

Results:

Conservative treatment was planned. It was applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine, modification of the training (without or low weight pallet), platelet rich plasma (two weeks, two times peer weeks). During the six-month follow-up the patient's symptoms improved, but with the increased intensity of training at follow-up complaints started again. Professional athletes who did not respond adequately to conservative treatment surgical exposure were planned. Patient is approached the flexor hallucis longus musculotendinous junction from the posteromedial ankle at the level of the posterior talar tubercles. During the tendon exposure cyst was found at the level of talocalcaneal joint. Excision of the cyst was achieved; its size was 5x5 mm, looking transparent, well defined and soft consistency. Tenolysis is accomplished from superior to inferior to the level of the superior calcaneus. A histopathologic examination result of the cyst consistent with ganglion cyst was detected. Sport-specific training program started at the 6 weeks. There was no recurrence during the 6 months follow-up.

Conclusion:

Tendon associated ganglion cyst is not usual although flexor hallucis longus tendinopathy is common in athletes. External pressure causes in addition to the overuse injuries should be remembered in the differential diagnosis of posterior ankle and medial arch pain. Clinical suspicion and magnetic resonance imaging are valuable in establishing the diagnosis. Tenolysis and excision of the associated mass has proven to be a relatively safe and successful procedure especially in highly demanded elite athletes.
Effects of Glucosamine-Chondroitin Sulfate, Glucosamine-Chondroitin Sulfate-Methylsulfonylmethane, or Placebo in Patients with First and Second Grade of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wonggokusuma Erick , Setyohadi Bambang , Siagian Carles , Lubis Andri M.T.
Published: December 2014

Objectives:

Combination of glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate is often prescribed for patients with first and second grade Kellgren-Lawrence osteoarthritis (OA). Numerous studies have reported significant efficacy of this supplement and also their combinations with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) for the treatment of OA. However, controversies emerged regarding the effectiveness of these supplements. This current study evaluated the efficacy of glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate-MSM on improvement of patients with first and second grade knee OA.

Methods:

This study was a double blind, randomized controlled clinical trial on 147 patients with first and second grade (Kellgren-Lawrence) of knee OA. Subjects were allocated by permuted block randomization to three groups, either glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate (GC) (n=49), or glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate-MSM (GCM) (n=48), or placebo (n=50). The GC group received 1500 mg glucosamine + 1200 mg chondroitin sulfate + 500 mg saccharum lactis; GCM group received 1500 mg glucosamine + 1200 mg chondroitin sulfate + 500 mg MSM; while placebo group received three matching capsules of saccharum lactis. These drugs were administered once a day for three consecutive months. VAS and WOMAC score were measured at the baseline, then at 12th week after treatment. Data was analysed by using t-independent test.

Results:

At week 12, WOMAC score in placebo group was significantly higher than that in GCM group (mean difference 7.15, CI 12.06-2.23, p=0.005), and it was also higher in GC group compared to GCM group (mean difference 8.17, CI 13.49-2.84, p=0.003). Whereas VAS score at week 12 in placebo group was significantly higher compared to that in GC group (mean difference 0.18, CI 1.18-0.19, p=0.007) and to that in GCM group (mean difference 0.86, CI 1.37-0.35, p=0.001). However, there was no significant difference of WOMAC score at week 12 between placebo and GC groups (p=0.681), and of VAS score between GC and GCM groups (p=0.497).

Conclusion:

Combinations of glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate-MSM did not improve WOMAC and VAS scores in patients with grade I and II of knee osteoarthritis, when compared with placebo.
Improved mechanical properties of magnesium–graphene composites with copper–graphene hybrids
Authors: Rashad M. , Pan F S. , Asif M. , Ullah A.
Published: December 2014

New magnesium nanocomposites reinforced with copper–graphene nanoplatelet hybrid particles have been prepared through the semipowder metallurgy method. Compared with the monolithic Mg, the Mg–1Cu– xGNPs nanocomposites exhibited higher tensile and compressive strength. In tension, nanocomposites revealed substantial enhancement in elastic modulus, 0.2 yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and failure strain (up to +89, +117, +58 and +96 respectively) compared to monolithic Mg. In compression, the nanocomposites showed the greatest improvement in 0.2 yield strength, and the ultimate compressive strength and failure strain () (up to +34, +59 and +61 respectively), whilst the compressive elastic modulus first increases and then decreases with an increase in the graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) contents. The enhanced strength of the composites is likely to result from strengthening mechanisms invoked by the addition of Cu–GNPs hybrids.
The chiropractic profession in Norway 2011
Authors: Kvammen Ole C , Leboeuf-Yde Charlotte
Published: December 2014

Background

The chiropractic profession in Norway has increased five-fold in the last two decades. As there is no academic graduate program in Norway, all chiropractors have been trained outside of Norway, in either Europe, America or Australia. This might have given Norwegian chiropractors heterogenic characteristics concerning practice routines and clinical settings. However, little is known about what characterizes this profession and how it compares to other chiropractic professions in Europe. The aim of this survey was to describe major characteristics of the chiropractic profession in Norway.

Method

Two surveys were distributed to all 530 registered chiropractors in Norway in 2011. One survey was for all chiropractors (Survey 1) and the other for clinic owners (Survey 2). Results have been reported as tables and as approximate percentages in the text for ease of reading.

Result

Response rates were 61% (Survey 1, N = 320) and 71% (Survey 2, N = 217). More than two-thirds of the chiropractors in Norway had been in practice for under a decade. Only one in four chiropractors worked in solo practice and the majority shared premises with at least one colleague, typically at least one physiotherapist and one additional health practitioner. Today, only one in five clinics possessed radiologic equipment and one in ten had access to diagnostic ultrasound equipment. The majority of the chiropractors reported to apply mainly similar treatment modalities. More than 90% reported to use manipulation techniques on most patients, with soft tissue techniques and exercise modalities being almost as common. More than 3/4 of the profession reported that their clinical practice was in accordance with available clinical guidelines and about one third were positive about participating in future clinical research.

Conclusion

The Norwegian chiropractic profession is relatively young and members report being satisfied with their work conditions. There is a clear difference from the earlier practice pattern in that intra- and inter-professional collaboration is more common and it is considered desirable. The profession seems to follow the modern trends in evidence-based practice by using X-rays more sparingly than previously, adhering to guidelines and being positive about research.
Validity of pediatric index of mortality 2 (PIM2) score in pediatric acute liver failure
Authors: Matthews Claire Elizabeth , Goonasekera Chulananda , Dhawan Anil , Deep Akash
Published: December 2014

No abstract
Reducing otolaryngology surgical inefficiency via assessment of tray redundancy
Authors: Chin Christopher J , Sowerby Leigh J , John-Baptiste Ava , Rotenberg Brian W
Published: December 2014

Background

Health care costs in Canada continue to rise. As a result of this relentless increase in healthcare spending, ways to increase efficiency and decrease cost are constantly being sought. Surgical treatment is the mainstay of therapy for many conditions in the field of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery. The evidence suggests that room exists to optimize tray efficiency as a novel means of improving operating room throughput.

Methods

We conducted a review of instruments on surgical trays for 5 commonly performed procedures between July 5th, 2013 and September 20th, 2013 at St Joseph's Hospital. The Instrument Utilization Rate was calculated; we then designed new ‘optimized’ trays based on which instruments were used at least 20% of the time. We obtained tray building times from Central Processing Department, then calculated an overall mean time per instrument (to pack the freshly washed instruments). We then determined the time that could be saved by using our new optimized trays.

Results

In total, 226 instrument trays were observed ( Table 1 ). The average Instrument Utilization Rate was 27.8% (+/− 13.1). Our optimized trays, on average, reduced tray size by 57%. The average time to pack one instrument was 17.7 seconds.

Conclusions

By selectively reducing our trays, we plan to reduce tray content by an average of 57%. It is important to remember that this number looks at only 5 procedures in the Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery. If this was expanded city-wide to the rest of the departments, the improved efficiency could potentially be quite substantial.
Thin beds, tuning, and AVO
Authors: Hamlyn Wes
Published: December 2014

In this tutorial, we will explore two topics that are particularly relevant to quantitative seismic interpretation — thin-bed tuning and AVO analysis. Specifically, we will examine the impact of thin beds on prestack seismic amplitudes and subsequent effects on AVO attribute values.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Phase II Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Apricoxib in Combination With Either Docetaxel or Pemetrexed in Patients With Biomarker-Selected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Edelman Martin J. , Tan Ming T. , Fidler Mary J. , Sanborn Rachel E. , Otterson Greg , Sequist Lecia V. , Evans Tracey L. , Schneider Bryan J. , Keresztes Roger , Rogers John S. , de Mayolo Jorge Antunez , Feliciano Josephine , Yang Yang , Medeiros Michelle , Zaknoen Sara L.
Published: December 2014

Purpose

Overexpression of COX-2 correlates with advanced stage and worse outcomes in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), possibly as a result of elevated levels of COX-2–dependent prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Exploratory analyses of studies that used COX-2 inhibitors have demonstrated potentially superior outcome in patients in whom the urinary metabolite of PGE2 (PGE-M) is suppressed. We hypothesized that patients with disease defined by PGE-M suppression would benefit from the addition of apricoxib to second-line docetaxel or pemetrexed.

Patients and Methods

Patients with NSCLC who had disease progression after one line of platinum-based therapy, performance status of 0 to 2, and normal organ function were potentially eligible. Only patients with a ≥ 50% decrease in urinary PGE-M after 5 days of treatment with apricoxib could enroll. Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 or pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 once every 21 days per the investigator was administered with apricoxib or placebo 400 mg once per day. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Exploratory analysis was performed regarding baseline urinary PGE-M and outcomes.

Results

In all, 101 patients completed screening, and 72 of the 80 who demonstrated ≥ 50% suppression were randomly assigned to apricoxib or placebo. Toxicity was similar between the arms. No improvement in PFS was seen with apricoxib versus placebo. The median PFS for the control arm was 97 days (95% CI, 52 to 193 days) versus 85 days (95% CI, 67 to 142 days) for the experimental arm (P = .91).

Conclusion

Apricoxib did not improve PFS, despite biomarker-driven patient selection.
Regulation of mTOR Activity in Snell Dwarf and GH Receptor Gene-Disrupted Mice
Authors: Dominick Graham , Berryman Darlene E. , List Edward O. , Kopchick John J. , Li Xinna , Miller Richard A. , Garcia Gonzalo G.
Published: December 2014

The involvement of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in lifespan control in invertebrates, calorie-restricted rodents, and extension of mouse lifespan by rapamycin have prompted speculation that diminished mTOR function may contribute to mammalian longevity in several settings. We show here that mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1) activity is indeed lower in liver, muscle, heart, and kidney tissue of Snell dwarf and global GH receptor (GHR) gene-disrupted mice (GHR−/−), consistent with previous studies. Surprisingly, activity of mTORC2 is higher in fasted Snell and GHR−/− than in littermate controls in all 4 tissues tested. Resupply of food enhanced mTORC1 activity in both controls and long-lived mutant mice but diminished mTORC2 activity only in the long-lived mice. Mice in which GHR has been disrupted only in the liver do not show extended lifespan and also fail to show the decline in mTORC1 and increase in mTORC2 seen in mice with global loss of GHR. The data suggest that the antiaging effects in the Snell dwarf and GHR−/− mice are accompanied by both a decline in mTORC1 in multiple organs and an increase in fasting levels of mTORC2. Neither the lifespan nor mTOR effects appear to be mediated by direct GH effects on liver or by the decline in plasma IGF-I, a shared trait in both global and liver-specific GHR−/− mice. Our data suggest that a more complex pattern of hormonal effects and intertissue interactions may be responsible for regulating both lifespan and mTORC2 function in these mouse models of delayed aging.
The Selective Loss of the Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Mouse Thyrotrophs Increases Basal TSH but Blunts the Thyrotropin Response to Hypothyroidism
Authors: Luongo Cristina , Martin Cecilia , Vella Kristen , Marsili Alessandro , Ambrosio Raffaele , Dentice Monica , Harney John W. , Salvatore Domenico , Zavacki Ann Marie , Larsen P. Reed
Published: December 2014

The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) is essential for feedback regulation of TSH by T4. We genetically inactivated in vivo D2 in thyrotrophs using a mouse model of Cga-driven cre recombinase. Pituitary D2 activity was reduced 90% in the Cga-cre D2 knockout (KO) mice compared with control Dio2fl/fl mice. There was no growth or reproductive phenotype. Basal TSH levels were increased 1.5- to 1.8-fold, but serum T4 and T3 were not different from the controls in adult mice. In hypothyroid adult mice, suppression of TSH by T4, but not T3, was impaired. Despite mild basal TSH elevation, the TSH increase in response to hypothyroidism was 4-fold reduced in the Cga-cre D2KO compared with control mice despite an identical level of pituitary TSH α- and β-subunit mRNAs. In neonatal Cga-cre D2KO mice, TSH was also 2-fold higher than in the controls, but serum T4 was elevated. Despite a constant TSH, serum T4 increased 2–3-fold between postnatal day (P) 5 and P15 in both genotypes. The pituitary, but not cerebrocortical, D2 activity was markedly elevated in P5 mice decreasing towards adult levels by P17. In conclusion, a congenital severe reduction of thyrotroph D2 causes a major impairment of the TSH response to hypothyroidism. This would be deleterious to the compensatory adaptation of the thyroid gland to iodine deficiency.
The stochastic filtering problem: a brief historical account
Authors: Crisan Dan
Published: December 2014

Onwards from the mid-twentieth century, the stochastic filtering problem has caught the attention of thousands of mathematicians, engineers, statisticians, and computer scientists. Its applications span the whole spectrum of human endeavour, including satellite tracking, credit risk estimation, human genome analysis, and speech recognition. Stochastic filtering has engendered a surprising number of mathematical techniques for its treatment and has played an important role in the development of new research areas, including stochastic partial differential equations, stochastic geometry, rough paths theory, and Malliavin calculus. It also spearheaded research in areas of classical mathematics, such as Lie algebras, control theory, and information theory. The aim of this paper is to give a brief historical account of the subject concentrating on the continuous-time framework.
How did we get here?
Authors: Hamza Kais , Klebaner Fima C.
Published: December 2014

Looking at a large branching population we determine along which path the population that started at 1 at time 0 ended up inBat timeN. The result describes the density process, that is, population numbers divided by the initial numberK(whereKis assumed to be large). The model considered is that of a Galton-Watson process. It is found that in some cases population paths exhibit the strange feature that population numbers go down and then increase. This phenomenon requires further investigation. The technique uses large deviations, and the rate function based on Cramer's theorem is given. It also involves analysis of existence of solutions of a certain algebraic equation.
The front of the epidemic spread and first passage percolation
Authors: Bhamidi Shankar , van der Hofstad Remco , Komjáthy Júlia
Published: December 2014

We establish a connection between epidemic models on random networks with general infection times considered in Barbour and Reinert (2013) and first passage percolation. Using techniques developed in Bhamidi, van der Hofstad and Hooghiemstra (2012), when each vertex has infinite contagious periods, we extend results on the epidemic curve in Barbour and Reinert (2013) from bounded degree graphs to general sparse random graphs with degrees having finite second moments as n → ∞, with an appropriate X2log+X condition. We also study the epidemic trail between the source and typical vertices in the graph.
The probability that a random multigraph is simple. II
Authors: Janson Svante
Published: December 2014

Consider a random multigraph G* with given vertex degrees d1,…, dn, constructed by the configuration model. We give a new proof of the fact that, asymptotically for a sequence of such multigraphs with the number of edges the probability that the multigraph is simple stays away from 0 if and only if The new proof uses the method of moments, which makes it possible to use it in some applications concerning convergence in distribution. Corresponding results for bipartite graphs are included.
Optimal claims with fixed payoff structure
Authors: Bernard Carole , Rüschendorf Ludger , Vanduffel Steven
Published: December 2014

Dybvig (1988) introduced the interesting problem of how to construct in the cheapest possible way a terminal wealth with desired distribution. This idea has induced a series of papers concerning generality, consequences, and applications. As the optimized claims typically follow the trend in the market, they are not useful for investors who wish to use them to protect an existing portfolio. For this reason, Bernard, Moraux, Rüschendorf and Vanduffel (2014b) imposed additional state-dependent constraints as a way of controlling the payoff structure. The present paper extends this work in various ways. In order to obtain optimal claims in general models we allow in this paper for extended contracts. We deal with general multivariate price processes and dispense with several of the regularity assumptions in the previous work (in particular, we omit any continuity assumption). State dependence is modeled by requiring terminal wealth to have a fixed copula with a benchmark wealth. In this setting, we are able to characterize optimal claims. We apply the theoretical results to deal with several hedging and expected utility maximization problems of interest.
Size distributions in random triangles
Authors: Daley D. J. , Ebert Sven , Swift R. J.
Published: December 2014

The random triangles discussed in this paper are defined by having the directions of their sides independent and uniformly distributed on (0, π). To fix the scale, one side chosen arbitrarily is assigned unit length; let a and b denote the lengths of the other sides. We find the density functions of a / b, max{a, b}, min{a, b}, and of the area of the triangle, the first three explicitly and the last as an elliptic integral. The first two density functions, with supports in (0, ∞) and (½, ∞), respectively, are unusual in having an infinite spike at 1 which is interior to their ranges (the triangle is then isosceles).
Percolation on stationary tessellations: models, mean values, and second-order structure
Authors: Last Günter , Ochsenreither Eva
Published: December 2014

We consider a stationary face-to-face tessellation X of Rd and introduce several percolation models by colouring some of the faces black in a consistent way. Our main model is cell percolation, where cells are declared black with probability p and white otherwise. We are interested in geometric properties of the union Z of black faces. Under natural integrability assumptions, we first express asymptotic mean values of intrinsic volumes in terms of Palm expectations associated with the faces. In the second part of the paper we focus on cell percolation on normal tessellations and study asymptotic covariances of intrinsic volumes of Z ∩ W, where the observation window W is assumed to be a convex body. Special emphasis is given to the planar case where the formulae become more explicit, though we need to assume the existence of suitable asymptotic covariances of the face processes of X. We check these assumptions in the important special case of a Poisson-Voronoi tessellation.
The analysis, roles and regulation of quiescence in hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Nakamura-Ishizu Ayako , Takizawa Hitoshi , Suda Toshio
Published: December 2014

Tissue homeostasis requires the presence of multipotent adult stem cells that are capable of efficient self-renewal and differentiation; some of these have been shown to exist in a dormant, or quiescent, cell cycle state. Such quiescence has been proposed as a fundamental property of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the adult bone marrow, acting to protect HSCs from functional exhaustion and cellular insults to enable lifelong hematopoietic cell production. Recent studies have demonstrated that HSC quiescence is regulated by a complex network of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors. In addition, detailed single-cell analyses and novel imaging techniques have identified functional heterogeneity within quiescent HSC populations and have begun to delineate the topological organization of quiescent HSCs. Here, we review the current methods available to measure quiescence in HSCs and discuss the roles of HSC quiescence and the various mechanisms by which HSC quiescence is maintained.
Fezf2 promotes neuronal differentiation through localised activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling during forebrain development
Authors: Zhang Siwei , Li Jingjing , Lea Robert , Vleminckx Kris , Amaya Enrique
Published: December 2014

Brain regionalisation, neuronal subtype diversification and circuit connectivity are crucial events in the establishment of higher cognitive functions. Here we report the requirement for the transcriptional repressor Fezf2 for proper differentiation of neural progenitor cells during the development of the Xenopus forebrain. Depletion of Fezf2 induces apoptosis in postmitotic neural progenitors, with concomitant reduction in forebrain size and neuronal differentiation. Mechanistically, we found that Fezf2 stimulates neuronal differentiation by promoting Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the developing forebrain. In addition, we show that Fezf2 promotes activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling by repressing the expression of two negative regulators of Wnt signalling, namely lhx2 and lhx9. Our findings suggest that Fezf2 plays an essential role in controlling when and where neuronal differentiation occurs within the developing forebrain and that it does so by promoting local Wnt/β-catenin signalling via a double-repressor model.
Pigeons produce aerodynamic torques through changes in wing trajectory during low speed aerial turns
Authors: Ros Ivo G. , Badger Marc A. , Pierson Alyssa N. , Bassman Lori C. , Biewener Andrew A.
Published: December 2014

The complexity of low speed maneuvering flight is apparent from the combination of two critical aspects of this behavior: high power and precise control. To understand how such control is achieved we examined the underlying kinematics and resulting aerodynamic mechanisms of low speed turning flight in the pigeon (Columba livia). Three birds were trained to perform 90-degree level turns in a stereotypical fashion and detailed three-dimensional (3D) kinematics were recorded at high speeds. Applying the angular momentum principle, we used mechanical modeling based on time-varying 3D inertia properties of individual sections of the pigeon's body to separate angular accelerations of the torso based on aerodynamics from those based on inertial effects. Directly measured angular accelerations of the torso were predicted by aerodynamic torques, justifying inferences of aerodynamic torque generation based on inside wing versus outside wing kinematics. Surprisingly, contralateral asymmetries in wing speed did not appear to underlie the 90-degree aerial turns, nor did contralateral differences in wing area, angle of attack, wingbeat amplitude, or timing. Instead, torso angular accelerations into the turn were associated with the outside wing sweeping more anteriorly compared to a more laterally directed inside wing. In addition to moving through a relatively more retracted path, the inside wing was also more strongly pronated about its long axis compared with the outside wing, offsetting any difference in aerodynamic angle of attack that might arise from the observed asymmetry in wing trajectories. Therefore, to generate roll and pitch torques into the turn, pigeons simply reorient their wing trajectories toward the desired flight direction. As a result, by acting above the center of mass, the net aerodynamic force produced by the wings is directed inward, generating the necessary torques for turning.
Predator-driven intra-species variation in locomotion, metabolism and water velocity preference in pale chub (Zacco platypus) along a river
Authors: Fu Cheng , Yuan Xing-Zhong , Cao Zhen-Dong , Fu Shi-Jian
Published: December 2014

Fish inhabit environments that vary greatly in terms of predation intensity, and these predation regimes are generally expected to be a major driver of divergent natural selection. To test whether there is predator-driven intra-species variation in the locomotion, metabolism and water velocity preference of pale chub (Zacco platypus) along a river, we measured unsteady and steady swimming and water velocity preference among fish collected from both high- and low-predation habitats in the Wujiang River. We also measured the routine metabolic rate (RMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and cost of transport (COT) and calculated the optimal swimming speed (Uopt). The fish from the high-predation populations showed a shorter response latency, elevated routine metabolism, lower swimming efficiency at low swimming speed, and lower water velocity preference compared with those from the low-predation populations. Neither of the kinematic parameters fast-start and critical swimming speed (Ucrit) showed a significant difference between the high- and low-predation populations. The fish from the high-predation populations may improve their predator avoidance capacity primarily through an elevated routine metabolism and shorter response latency to achieve advanced warning and escape, rather than an improved fast-start swimming speed or acceleration. Thus, the cost of this strategy is an elevated RMR, and no trade-off between unsteady and steady swimming performance was observed in the pale chub population under various predation stresses. It was interesting to find that the high-predation fish showed an unexpected lower velocity preference, which might represent a compromise between predation avoidance, foraging and energy saving.
Nitric oxide modulates a swimmeret beating rhythm in the crayfish
Authors: Mita Atsuki , Yoshida Misato , Nagayama Toshiki
Published: December 2014

The modulatory effects of nitric oxide (NO) and cAMP on the rhythmic beating activity of the swimmeret motor neurones in the crayfish were examined. The swimmerets are paired appendages located on the ventral side of each abdominal segment that show rhythmic beating activity during forward swimming, postural righting behaviour and egg ventilation in gravid females. In an isolated abdominal nerve cord preparation, swimmeret motor neurones were usually silent or showed continuous low frequency spiking activity. Application of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, elicited rhythmic bursts of motor neurone spikes. The co-application of L-arginine, the substrate for NO synthesis with carbachol increased the burst frequency of the motor neurones. The co-application of the NO donor, SNAP, with carbachol also increased the burst frequency of the motor neurones. By contrast, co-application of a NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, with carbachol decreased beating frequency of the motor neurones. These results indicated that NO may act as a neuromodulator to facilitate swimmeret beating activity. The facilitatory effect of L-arginine was cancelled by co-application of a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor, ODQ. These results indicated that NO acted by activating sGC to promote the production of cGMP. The application of L-arginine alone or a membrane-permeable cGMP analogue, 8-Br-cGMP, alone did not elicit rhythmic activity of motor neurones, but co-application of 8-Br-cGMP with carbachol increased bursting frequency of the motor neurones. Furthermore, application of the membrane-permeable cAMP analogue, CPT-cAMP alone produced rhythmic bursting of swimmeret motor neurones, and the bursting frequency elicited by CPT-cAMP was increased by co-application with L-arginine. The co-application of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, SQ22536 ceased rhythmic bursts of motor neurone spikes elicited by carbachol. These results suggested that a cAMP system enabled the rhythmic bursts of motor neurone spikes and that a NO/cGMP signaling pathway increased cAMP activity to facilitate swimmeret beating activity.
Development of a Novel Surface Elemental Analysis Methodology: X-ray-Aided Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy (XANAM)
Authors: Suzuki Shushi
Published: December 2014

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is widely used for analysis of structures on substrate surfaces. Particularly, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) enable real-space observations of solid surfaces at the atomic level with high spatial resolution. However, these microscopic measurement methods still involve difficulties in elemental analysis at the nanoscale for general purposes, although several validated solutions have already been proposed for well-defined cases. This brief review explains issues and their resolution, including topics related to the development of chemical analysis methodologies based on STM/NC-AFM, such as inelastic tunneling spectroscopy (IETS)-STM for spectroscopy of individual molecules, STM combined with synchrotron radiation X-ray sources for elemental analysis of surface structures, and force spectroscopy with atom tracking technology, as well as X-ray-aided noncontact atomic force microscopy (XANAM). Particularly, the review describes details of XANAM including recently obtained results on X-ray energy dependence of force spectroscopy and its two-dimensional recording as XANAM imaging, suggesting XANAM offers great potential to contribute to nanoscale investigations of chemical analysis for various purposes.
Gaming Technology in Math Classes at the Secondary School
Authors: Ипполитова  , Ippolitova N.
Published: December 2014

Involving students in creative activities is the one of the

primary teachers’ tasks. Creativity in teachers’ work implies the use

of special games and play activities as forms of teaching. The author

considers a game to be a type of activity in situations, simulating

social experience acquiring and adoption for the purpose of developing

and enhancing behavior self-management.
ARCHITECTURE TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE REGIONAL CENTER
Authors: Аникеев  , Anikeev Evgeniy
Published: December 2014

The article is about types of control system architecture and basic principles of traffic management. Also the basic methods of traffic control at the level crossings are considered
ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM MICROELECTRONIC PROMYSHLENNOSTINA BASED ON NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Меерсон  , Meerson Vera
Published: December 2014

This article discusses the features, of constructing an enterprise information management systems microelectronics industry using new information technologies. Presented subsystem production management, sales and production planning shifts
APPLICATION OF METAHEURISTICS TO AUTOMATE TASKS DESIGN OF TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Authors: Сковпин  , Skovpin M.
Published: December 2014

The problem of planning of cellular networks. Showing multi-criteria approach to its solution. Discusses genetic algo-rithms used to solve such problems
METHOD AND ALGORITHM PROCESSING FOR LF SIGNALS WITH DAUBECHIES WAVELETS
Authors: Табаков  , Tabakov Yu. , Лавлинский  , Lavlinskiy V. , Бибиков  , Bibikov D.
Published: December 2014

In this paper the method most suitable for existing low-frequency signal processing removed from the human cerebral cortex and sign algorithm, built on the basis of Daubechies wavelets
Mythmaking as a creative method in advertising
Authors: Лапшина Ольга , Lapshina Olga , Соколова Антонина , Sokolova Antonina
Published: December 2014

The article is devoted to the advertising as a mythological communication. The authors are evaluated a creativity essence and creativity method in advertising, and brought to light the correlation of advertising reality and myth theory. The information is based on the recent practice examples.

The article is based on the theory methods and practice activities of such world famous international advertising experts, like D. Ogilvie, D. Bernstein, L. Barnett, as well as representatives of Russian school G.Pochepcova.
The water tourism infrastructure strategic development methods
Authors: Пучкин Алексей , Puchkin Aleksey
Published: December 2014

Water resources are one of the most famous and required tourist resources. They are a basis of many tourist destinations formation and development. Today the water resources are one of the most attractive categories among the primary tourist resources. Abroad it accumulates a great experience of the difference water tourism type. Russian Federation has great amount of the difference water tourists resources, on this reason, the water tourism is one of the future tourism development trends in various Russian regions. This kind of tourism has a great developing history. During the USSR time the water tourism had a dynamic development as a part of sport tourism. A great role in its developing had played the children sports school of rowing, sailing and other water sports. However, the infrastructure, use to be created, does not correspond to the modern water tourism forms requirements, such as yachting, for example. The water tourism infrastructure development in accordance with the modern technical and technological demands requires the capital capacity projects preparation and implementation. Anyway, the foreign experience shows the water tourism high profitable, as well as its attractiveness for different tourists categories. It exist a lack of domestic studies, connected with water industry development, and realization of a system method to its developing. According to the author opinion, the key aspect is a choise of the strategic method to the water tourism infrastructure. The author regarded the basis strategy methods to the water tourism infrastructure development at the regional level, due to water tourism specification, stipulated for water resources quality and aggregate, within the region or destination limit.
Russia competitiveveness evaluation as a common tourist destination (based on foreign methods)
Authors: Харитонова Татьяна , Kharitonova Tatyana , Вапнярская Ольга , Vapnyarskaya Olga , Голикова Ольга , Golikova Olga
Published: December 2014

The tourist destination is regarded in this article as a territory with all sorts of commodities, services facilities for wide tourist consumers groups needs. The strategic analysis methods, such as, for example, PEST and SWOT, are using most of all in domestic practice for tourist destination development level and status. In the foreign practice is using the tourist destinations competitiveness indicators system for such evaluation. This system includes 14 independent groups of indicators. It is necessary to regard the external tourist destination indications, the tourist destination resource potential indications, the tourist infrastructure indications for using them in analysis process and coordination to the strategic indications system .As an empirical basis the authors used data of Rosstat, characterizing the factors that have a direct impact on the tourism industry. In particular, the external environment factors include: ensuring environmental sustainability; state of the economy and its impact on the living standards of the population; human development. The tourist destination resource potential includes the natural and cultural resources. The tourist destination infrastructure characterizes the transport networks state and development; a telephone network; ICT technologies; collective accommodation facilities network; the state of internal security in the region. All indications are presented in dynamics. A number of indicators are international comparisons. The authors drew a conclusion about the competitiveness of Russian as a single tourist destination, based on the results and data from foreign sources.
ADHD: how can we help?
Authors: McDougall Tim
Published: December 2014

Tim McDougall outlines the ways in which attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be approached and treated by mental health professionals
Family Nurse Partnership: Meeting the needs of teenage mothers
Authors: Smyth Suzie , Anderson Gail
Published: December 2014

Meeting the needs of young parents and their children more effectively will improve their life and long term health. This paper examines the Family Nurse Partnership as a public health initiative in supporting young women and improving the outcomes of themselves and their child(ren). It explores evidence of effectiveness, cost benefit and resource implications and discusses the role of the midwife within the context of public health initiatives and specifically to the delivery of the Family Nurse Partnership.
Antimicrobial Effect of ε-Poly-L-lysine Mixture on Cheonggukjang and Optimization of the Mixing Ratio
Authors: Lee Dong Hwa , Baik Moo Yeol , Choi Sung Won , Lee Eun Jung , Kim Byung Yong
Published: December 2014

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of ε-poly-L-lysine mixture (EPM) on cheonggukjang and to determine the optimal mixing ratio in cheonggukjang. Increasing the EPM up to 2% decreased viable cell counts at both 15°C and 30°C storage. The pH of cheonggukjang without EPM increased slowly over the storage periods, but cheonggukjang with EPM showed a slight increasing tendency, with the highest pH at 2% EPM. The sensory scores, such as texture and flavor, were highest in samples containing 2% EPM; however, overall preference was not significantly different when compared to the control. For the optimum cheonggukjang processing conditions, 13 experimental points were selected. Soybean and EPM were chosen as independent variables. Viable cell count, pH, texture, and overall preference were measured. The optimum formulation of cheonggukjang using the numerical analysis was found to be 98.52% soybean and 1.48% EPM, resulting in a 0.722 desirability value.