bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
YİYECEK İÇECEK İŞLETMELERİNDE YÖNETİCİLERİN LİDERLİK DAVRANIŞ TARZLARININ ÇALIŞANLARIN ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIKLARINA ETKİSİ: EDREMİT KÖRFEZİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: İLBAN Mehmet Oğuzhan , BEZİRGAN Muammer , KAPLAN Ali
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Edremit körfezinde bulunan yiyecek içecek işletmelerinde yönetici konumunda bulunanların liderlik davranış tarzlarının işletme çalışanlarının örgütsel
bağlılıklarına olan etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma Edremit Körfezi’nde bulunan yiyecek içecek işletmelerinde çalışmakta olan 326 personel ile yüz yüze anket yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda liderlik davranış tarzlarının alt boyutlarından karizmatik liderlik tarzının personellerin örgütsel bağlılıklarına olumlu ve anlamlı bir
etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın bir diğer sonucu ise demokratik liderlik
davranış tarzının, çalışanların duygusal bağlılıklarını pozitif ve anlamlı bir şekilde etkilerken, devam bağlılığı ve normatif bağlılık üzerinde her hangi bir etkiye sahip olmamasıdır.
Normatif bağlılık ve devam bağlılığı üzerinde etkili olan otokratik liderlik davranış tarzının, duygusal bağlılık üzerinde her hangi bir etkisinin olmaması ise araştırmada tespit
edilen diğer bir husustur. Elde edilen bulgular analiz edilerek ve yorumlanarak işletme
sahiplerine, işletme yöneticilerine ve ileride bu alanda çalışma yapabilecek araştırmacılara
öneriler de bulunulmuştur.
KURUMSAL YÖNETİM DERECELENDİRME NOTLARININ İŞLETMELERİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMLERİNDEN TOPSIS VE MOORA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: SAKARYA Şakir , AKSU Melek
Published: December 2019

İşletmelerin kurumsal yönetim derecelendirme notlarının finansal performanslarını

yansıtıp yansıtmadığını tespit etmek için yapılan bu çalışmada 2013, 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında sürekli olarak kurumsal yönetim derecelendirmesi yapılan mali kuruluşlar dışındaki 24

işletme incelenmiştir. Öncelikle çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden olan TOPSIS ve

MOORA yöntemlerine göre işletmeler finansal performanslarına göre sıralanmış, daha sonra da bu sıralama ile işletmelerin kurumsal yönetim sıralamaları karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç

olarak kurumsal yönetim sıralamasının işletmelerin finansal performansını yansıtmadığı,

kurumsal yönetim sıralamasında düşük nota sahip bir işletmenin yüksek finansal performansa sahip olabileceği, yüksek nota sahip bir işletmenin de finansal performans açısından

geride kalabileceği tespit edilmiştir
1990 SONRASINDA GELİŞEN EKONOMİLERE (E7) YÖNELİK DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIMLAR VE İKTİSADİ KALKINMA HIZI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: TUNÇSİPER Bedriye , BİÇEN Ömer Faruk
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada, gelişen yedi ekonomi (E7) içerisinde yer alan Çin, Brezilya, Hindistan,

Endonezya, Meksika, Rusya ve Türkiye’de doğrudan yabancı yatırımların iktisadi kalkınma

hızı üzerindeki etkileri analiz edilmektedir. 1990-2015 dönemini kapsayan yıllık verilerin

kullanıldığı çalışmada, iki değişken arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesinde dinamik panel veri

analizi tahmincilerinden Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ulaşılan sonuçlar, gelişen yedi ekonomide doğrudan yabancı yatırımların gayri safi yurtiçi hasıladaki

payı arttığında iktisadi kalkınmanın da hızlanacağını göstermektedir.
Is Free Will Scepticism Self-Defeating?
Authors: Chevarie-Cossette Simon-Pierre
Published: December 2019

Free will sceptics deny the existence of free will, that is the command or control necessary for moral responsibility. Epicureans allege that this denial is somehow self-defeating. To interpret the Epicurean allegation charitably, we must first realise that it is propositional attitudes like beliefs and not propositions themselves which can be self-defeating. So, believing in free will scepticism might be self- defeating. The charge becomes more plausible because, as Epicurus insightfully recognised,there is a strong connection between conduct and belief—and so between thecontent of free will scepticism (since it is about conduct) and the attitude of believing it. Second, we must realise that an attitude can be self- defeating relative to certain grounds. This means that it might be self-defeating to be a free will sceptic on certain grounds, such as the putative fact that we lack leeway or sourcehood. This charge is much more interesting because of the epistemic importance of leeway and sourcehood. Ultimately, the Epicurean charge of self-defeat fails. Yet, it delivers important lessons to the sceptic. The most important of them is that free will sceptics should either accept the existence of leeway or reject the principle that ‘“ought” implies “can”’.
Frogs and Feeling Communities: A Study in History of Emotions and Environmental History
Authors: Gaynor Andrea , Broomhall Susan , Flack Andrew
Published: December 2019

This article offers an overview of some approaches from the history of emotions that environmental historians could employ in order to sharpen engagement with emotion, and applies some of these approaches to a long history of human-frog interactions, by way of example. We propose that emotions have played a key role in the constitution of human communities, as well as enabling or inhibiting particular kinds of human thoughts and actions in relation with the living planet. In tracing human-frog relations over time we tease apart the complex historic relationships between cultural frameworks, scientific expectations and conventions, and the texts and images emerging from these contexts, which operate explicitly or implicitly to train and discipline the emotional selves of human adults and children.
Sistem pengendalian intern pengeluaran kas pada Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe
Authors: Parera Meyline Trisuksi , Kalangi Lintje , Budiarso Novi Swandari
Published: December 2019

The internal control system has an internal control structure that can control the internal control process including the control environment, accounting system, control procedures. This study aims to determine the internal control system, especially in cash disbursement activities at the Sangihe Regency Regional Secretariat which is based on the 5 (five) elements of the SPIP (government internal control system) including, control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication and monitoring. The type of data used is qualitative data by conducting observations and direct interviews at the Regional Secretariat Office of the Sangihe Regency to the head of the financial subsection who knows thoroughly about cash disbursements. The results of the research obtained on the internal control system related to cash disbursements at the Regional Secretariat of the Sangihe Regency are in accordance with the 5 (five) elements of the Government Internal Control System(SPIP).
Stinespring's construction as an adjunction
Authors: Parzygnat Arthur J.
Published: December 2019

Given a representation of a unital C∗-algebra A on a Hilbert space H, together with a bounded linear map V:K→H from some other Hilbert space, one obtains a completely positive map on A via restriction using the adjoint action associated to V. We show this restriction forms a natural transformation from a functor of C∗-algebra representations to a functor of completely positive maps. We exhibit Stinespring's construction as a left adjoint of this restriction. Our Stinespring adjunction provides a universal property associated to minimal Stinespring dilations and morphisms of Stinespring dilations. We use these results to prove the purification postulate for all finite-dimensional C∗-algebras.
Diagnóstico de la Educación para el Desarrollo en áreas rurales: un análisis correlacional de las actitudes de la población europea
Authors: Santamaría–Cárdaba Noelia , Marbán Prieto José M. , Torrego Egido Luis
Published: December 2019

El proyecto Rural DEAR Agenda EYD–20154 planteaba, como principal propósito, promover un cambio de actitudes sociales que impulsara un desarrollo más sostenible y humano, mediante una propuesta de acciones y estrategias inclusivas para sensibilizar y educar para la ciudadanía global en municipios rurales europeos. La presente investigación profundiza en el perfil actitudinal de la población europea participante en el mencionado proyecto mediante un análisis correlacional de las respuestas recogidas por el mismo. Los resultados nos permiten identificar relaciones entre respuestas y categorías de respuestas que ayudan a comprender el comportamiento de la ciudadanía rural europea con respeto a la Educación para el Desarrollo. Al mismo tiempo, los resultados abren la puerta a nuevos análisis de tipo causal o predictivo que favorezcan el desarrollo de propuestas de intervención más eficientes en las zonas involucradas en el estudio.
“Aware, Committed, and Responsible”: Future Professionals, Higher Education, and Social Values
Authors: McCarthy, S.J. Michael C.
Published: December 2019

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Inkremental analisis tentang desain, strategi, metodologi dan motivasi menghafal Al-Qur'an bagi tahfiz pemula
Authors: Fatih Muhammad
Published: December 2019

As the largest Muslim country in the world, the tradition of memorizing the Qur'an is also strong in Indonesia. Noted since before independence, many scholars of the Qur'an are born this earth. In memorizing the Qur'an people have different methods and ways. However, whatever method is used will not be separated from repeated readings to be able to say it without seeing a mushaf at all. This study aims to describe the method of memorizing the Qur'an most effectively for junior high school children. From the results of the discussion can be summarized as follows: 1. In principle all methods are good to be used as a guide memorize Al-Quran, either one of them, or used everything in accordance with the needs and as an alternative to the way memorize the monotone, so degan so will eliminate saturation in the process of memorizing Al-Quran. 2. Element tahfiz strategy should be prioritized when preparing the curriculum for teaching and learning tahfiz. Tahfiz teachers and students must focus on these strategies and apply them in tahfiz teaching and learning. This is to ensure that students achieve superior quality performance in memorizing the Qur'an.
Counterpoint to the primordial nature of human learning processes in Gagné and al-Farabi's perspective about learning behavior
Authors: Al-Mahali Ahmad Jalalluddin
Published: December 2019

Education focuses on vehicles seeking knowledge in it, because it has specific goals and meanings in the Islamic worldview. The principle promoted by Gagné has led to a number of learning design conventions and techniques that determine the full sequence of content related to the learning objectives provided, and techniques have also been expanded to design and sequence learning programs. On the other hand, the emphasis on the vertical, eternal or spiritual dimensions is the ideological basis for Islamic education. While Western education theory emphasizes materialistic and utilitarian, Islam is not complete if it touches a holistic individual. This is a form of worship intended for the improvement of this world and the hereafter. al-Farabi put forward the theory that humans have the power that if honed properly will make humans able to capture the science of hudana in the form of revelation and inspiration and called mustfad sense. The conclusion of this discussion is: Gagné classifies learning outcomes in five main categories; intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, verbal information, motor skills and attitudes as abilities learned while Al-Farbï also speaks of three stages of intelligence: potential or latent intelligence, intelligence in action, and acquired intelligence. Gagne Also identifies different learning levels for the purpose of sequeneing instructions. He believes that teaching must begin with the simplest skills and continue hierarchically to a greater level of difficulty while Al-Fàbï indicates that education must begin after the age of eleven, the education process must be designed so that the first ten years of a child's life are dedicated to physical training and training while the next ten years are dedicated to learning various sciences (arithmetic, astronomy, and music) and the next five years for logic and polemics. The student must then spend the next fifteen years of his life developing skills and skills in whatever he has learned and, after reaching the age of fifty, he must concern himself with teaching and educating others
确保水质环境监测质量保证的几点举措
Authors: 李 军校
Published: December 2019

随着社会经济的发展以及人们生活水平的提高,水资源在生产生活中扮演的角色越来越重要,人们对于水质也越来越重视。随着人们生活水平的不断提高,对水质的重视程度进一步增加,相关的水质环境监测措施具有更加实际的意义。基于此,本文通过对水质监测系统介绍,阐述了这项工作的核心意义以及最终目的,介绍了工作内容,以及具体措施。
流域规划环境影响评价指标体系的构建
Authors: 张 晓原
Published: December 2019

目前,我国流域开发水平显著提高,多个流域面临着生态保护和发展之间的冲突问题。而重视流域综合规划环境影响评价能够促进流域生态文明建设。本文就将分析流域规划环境影响评价指标体系的构建,以供参考。
刍议电力物资仓储管理问题及优化对策
Authors: 王 晓昕
Published: December 2019

随着电力行业的发展以及电力工程建设规模的扩大,电力物资需求量也在增加,对物资仓储管理水平也提出了全新的要求。电力物资仓储管理作为电力企业重要的管理内容,其管理质量直接关系到电力企业整体的管理水平。笔者认为十分有必要将其进一步的优化,并且还需要采取合理的对策,因此,本文主要从电力物资的仓储管理情况入手,对于其特点展开了进一步的分析,提出了一些优化对策。
水利水电工程标准化工地建设的探讨
Authors: 苏 强
Published: December 2019

水利水电工程是一项民生工程,对于工程标准化建设要求越来越高,因此要加强对水利水电工程标准化工地建设的工作。目前,工地标准化建设在水利水电工程建设施工中越来越重要,同时也在不断的完善和发展。对此,本文简要概述了标准化工地建设,并结合案例,探讨了标准化建设在工地的实际应用,以供参考。
浅谈新疆中小型水库的运行管理
Authors: 祁 伟
Published: December 2019

基于对新疆中小型水库运行管理的探讨研究,本文首先从新疆中小型水库运行管理工作的关键点与运行过程中的主要问题这两方面入手,然后与其中内容相结合,对新疆地区运行管理中小型水库的主要策略进行分析。得出相关人员需确保监管机制的完善性、充分发挥除险加固工作的作用、保证对水库防洪功能调度管理的有效性推动防汛抢险工作的全面落实希望这四点对策,希望能够为有关人士提供帮助。
水利施工中混凝土施工技术分析
Authors: 闫 冰
Published: December 2019

水利工程包括水灾预防以及保证人们生活用水,因为其在社会生产中的重要性与不可替代性决定了对混凝土必须要有高质量的要求。如果工程事故发生,整个工程以及国家和人民的财产安全都会受到影响,因此要提高水利工程的质量,而混凝土施工的质量决定着整个工程的质量,所以我们要加强对水利施工中混凝土施工技术的研究。
抽水蓄能机组振动测量、评估和保护设定探讨
Authors: 杜 娜
Published: December 2019

为保证抽水蓄能工作的稳定有序进行,相关企业投入大量资源进行技术设备的升级,不断提升机组运行质效,满足现阶段抽水蓄能工作的相关要求。文章着眼于实际,系统探讨抽水蓄能机组振动测量、评估以及保护设定的基本方法,旨在为后续相关工作的开展奠定坚实基础。
水电工程建设中问题解决与物资控制
Authors: 田 伏刚
Published: December 2019

水电工程本身就十分复杂,质量一直是工程中不可忽视的问题,要想提高水电工程建设的质量,就要把握好管理的方式,尽可能的运用科学、合理的管理方法,并不断为水电工程建设探索新的技术,本文笔者从多个角度与层面就水电工程建设管理进行了深入分析。
浅议恰管处水闸工程安装和质量控制
Authors: 马 运彬
Published: December 2019

在水利工程项目的施工建设中,水闸施工是一种常见施工工程,对于水利工程的水量调节以及排涝、泄洪等功能作用的实现,都有着非常重要的作用和影响。本文以恰管处水闸工程安装情况为例,恰管处管理运行的两座水利工程分别属于大I型和大II型工程,他们发挥着防洪、抗旱、灌溉、发电的综合效益,其过硬的水闸工程为水库的综合效益发挥提供了重要保障。
水利工程建设中的水土保持及其可持续发展
Authors: 李 斌
Published: December 2019

随着社会经济的发展,我国水利工程项目建设规模在不断扩大,社会各界对水利工程建设提出了更加严格的要求,为水利事业的发展带来了一定的机遇和挑战。但是,水利工程项目建设中,极易出现水土流失问题,严重影响着人民群众的日常生活。相关部门需要认识到水利工程建设问题,并采取相应的措施予以解决,做好水利工程建设水土保持工作,实现水利行业的可持续发展,文章主要研究了水利工程建设中的水土保持及其可持续发展。
浅议水利工程建筑施工项目成本管理的控制措施
Authors: 李 敏
Published: December 2019

社会经济的进步发展,使得水利工程建筑施工项目不断增多,但是基于各种因素的影响,导致水利工程建筑施工项目中的成本管理存在很多问题,严重影响了水利工程建筑施工企业的经济效益,因此为了充分发挥水利工程建筑施工项目的作用以及保障水利工程建筑的经济效益,需要消除影响水利工程建筑施工项目成本管理的相关因素,加强对水利工程建筑施工项目成本管理进行控制。基于此,本文概述了水利工程建筑施工项目成本管理,阐述了水利工程建筑施工项目成本管理存在的主要问题,对水利工程建筑施工项目中的成本管理要点及其控制措施进行了探讨分析。
工程测量在水电水利工程建设中的重要作用
Authors: 李 志军
Published: December 2019

在国家发展建设过程当中水电水利工程可以说是非常重要的工程项目,其不仅可以保证人民的生命财产安全,同时是一件利国利民的大事。其中,工程测量对于水电水利工程建设而言是至关重要的。大家都知道,水电水利工程师国家的重要工程,工程施工测量可以说体现在工程施工的各个阶段,其为工程建设具体规划、施工放样等提供了非常重要的依据,能够很好地规避各类事故的出现,使得水电水利工程施工建设得到根本性的保障。接下来,本篇论文围绕工程测量在水电水利工程建设中的重要作用进行论述,望能够对大家具有一定的可参考价值。
基层水利工程施工技术及其现场施工管理对策
Authors: 齐 淑敏
Published: December 2019

基层水利工程是国家的基础性产业,在推动我国经济建设过程中发挥着重要的作用,基层水利工程周期长,规模较大,质量要求很高,关系到人民群众切身生活问题。我国建国以来,水利工程建设取得了突飞猛进的发展,水利工程管理也逐渐走向了正轨。在基层的水利工程施工中,对于施工技术与现场的施工管理方面监管是非常重要的,本文主要探讨我国基层水利工程施工技术及其现场施工管理存在的问题点,并提出相应的改善对策。
电力调度自动化中的一体化技术研讨
Authors: 胡 旭乐
Published: December 2019

随着科学技术的快速发展,电网改革也在不断地更新与升级,电力调度自动化系统越来越受到人们的关注。为了更好的实现对电力系统进行有效、系统的调度,满足现代的经济发展对电网系统的需求,需要加强一体化技术在电力调度自动化中的应用分析,以提高电力调度的稳定性与安全性,保障运行的效率。
浅析电力输配电线路的运行维护及故障排除
Authors: 王 东
Published: December 2019

为了减少供电过程中可能出现的各种隐患,相关人员需要不断完善现有的线路维护措施,保证整个系统的稳定运行。如果线路中出现故障,采取有效的技术手段进行合理的应用,这样可以提高线路运行的稳定性和科学性,保证整个措施的良好维护,消除各种故障因素。
输配电线路的节能降耗技术探究
Authors: 梁 震
Published: December 2019

在线路运行过程中,各环节对电力资源的需求很大,输配电系统在运行过程中能够提供足够的电力,保证运行过程中不会出现能源问题。系统在用电的各个环节都会造成一定的能量损失,这些能量损失会对电力企业的经济效益产生一定的影响,因此,提高电力企业的经济效益,提高自身输配电系统的节能降耗管理十分必要。
电网规划与运行中节能环保不足点与改进措施
Authors: 周 凌
Published: December 2019

电力是无论哪个国家都不可缺少的一项重要能源,但是在我们使用电能的同时,对环境污染也产生巨大的影响。一些工业排放不能够及时的被清理,导致环境不断恶化。因而,要从根本上解决电能所带来的污染就要从电网规划以及运营中着手,从问题的根源出发,从各个方面逐一击破从而解决或是减缓电力所带来的影响。下文将先对电网规划与运营的方法以及特点做出简明扼要的阐述。进而来分析电网规划与运营中节能环保的不足点以及解决的策略。
МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ КАТЕГОРІЙ «СТРОК» І «ТЕРМІН» У ЦИВІЛЬНОМУ ПРАВІ УКРАЇНИ*
Authors: Луць Володимир Васильович
Published: December 2019

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КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ПУБЛІЧНИХ ДОГОВОРІВ
Authors: Вакулович Елла Валентинівна
Published: December 2019

У статті автором наголошено на необхідності проведення класифікації публічних договорів з огляду на теоре-тико-прикладну значущість останньої, а також з’ясовано, що класифікація використовується як одна із поширених операцій поділу понять і повинна здійснюватись на основі чітко визначених правил. Окрім того, узагальнено та проаналізовано різноманітні наукові підходи щодо класифікації договорів і правочинів у цивільному праві (спе-ціальна та загальна класифікації відповідно) та норми цивільного законодавства в сфері публічних договорів. Внаслідок чого автором зроблено спробу запропонувати власну класифікацію публічних договорів, на підставі вироблених критеріїв.
УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ НАРОД ЯК СУБ’ЄКТ ПРАВА ВЛАСНОСТІ НА ЗЕМЛЮ
Authors: Бельо Людмила Юріївна , Вовк Анастасія Василівна
Published: December 2019

У статті розглянуто проблему неоднозначності в розумінні українського народу як суб’єкта права власно-сті. Проаналізовано праці науковців та їх дослідження, взято до уваги чинне законодавство України, розгля-нуто тлумачення таких понять, як український народ, нація та національна ідея. Питання щодо управління найбільш важливими об’єктами, які є необхідними для забезпечення життєдіяльності, повинні залишатися в управлінні винятково Українського народу, хоча законодавчо управління такими об’єктами покладено лише на державні органи та органи місцевого самоврядування. Прояви здійснення окремими особами, тери-торіальними громадами, всім Українським народом права власності на землю є неоднозначними. Україн-ський народ реально існує, тому вважати юридичною фікцією його як суб’єкта права власності немає жодної підстави.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗМІСТУ ТА ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ ПРАВА ВІРТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ
Authors: Некіт Катерина Георгіївна
Published: December 2019

У статті проаналізовано можливість визнання права віртуальної власності як особливого виду права власно-сті. Досліджено правову природу права віртуальної власності, особливості його змісту, здійснення та захисту. Про-аналізовано співвідношення прав провайдерів / розробників платформ та користувачів. Надано оцінку поняттю «цифрова сила» та визначено напрями її обмеження з метою недопущення зловживань з боку провайдерів. Визначено можливості володільців віртуального майна здійснювати та захищати свої права.
СПЕЦІАЛЬНІ ПІДСТАВИ ВИНИКНЕННЯ ПРАВА ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ ПРИМУСОВОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ
Authors: Кушнерук Дмитро Володимирович
Published: December 2019

Статтю присвячено визначенню нормативних актів, якими регулюються спеціальні підстави виникнення права державної власності примусового характеру, їх аналізу з метою виявлення особливостей окремих видів підстав набуття права державної власності й проблем, що виникають у цій сфері. Проаналізовано окремі види підстав. Виявлено проблеми, що виникають під час проведення реприватизації, реквізиції, конфіскації, ліцита-ції тощо. Проаналізовано сумісність загальної конфіскації та міжнародних норм щодо захисту права власності, реприватизації й захисту прав приватної власності. Виявлено проблеми в правовому регулюванні реприватизації.
ПИТАННЯ ПРАВОВОЇ ОХОРОНИ МАЙНОВИХ ПРАВ НА ОБ'ЄКТИ ПРОМИСЛОВОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ
Authors: Ярошевська Тамара Василівна
Published: December 2019

У статті досліджуються проблемні питання охорони майнових прав на об'єкти промислової власності. Аналіз практики судів щодо розгляду й вирішення справ, пов'язаних із порушенням майнових прав на об'єкти промис­лової власності, дає змогу зробити висновок, що найбільш проблематичними й недостатньо врегульованими є саме правовідносини щодо охорони майнових прав творців та інших правоволодільців на об'єкти права промис­лової власності. Ці обставини істотно знижують ефективність законодавства у сфері промислової власності, що відповідним чином впливає на рівень творчої активності винахідників. Вирішення проблемних питань убачається в удосконаленні нормативно-правової бази та створенні в Україні дієвих механізмів охорони прав на об'єкти про­мислової власності; розробленні відповідної стратегії державної інноваційної економіко-правової політики для підвищення конкурентоспроможності вітчизняних товарів і послуг.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Burnout Pada Perawat Diruang Rawat Inap RS PMC
Authors: Ayudytha Awaliyah Ulfah , Putri Desta Asherti
Published: December 2019

Burnout is a prolonged response related to stressors that continue to occur in the workplace where the result is a combination of workers and jobs. Nurse fatigue occurs when nurses work more than 80% of their work time. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence burnout in nurses in the inpatient room of Pekanbaru Medical Center hospital in 2019.This research method was descriptive correlation with cross sectional approach done to 35 respondents. Sampling technique using total sampling method. The analysis used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using Chi-square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between workload and burnout (p = 0.024) and there was a significant relationship between leadership style and burnout (p = 0.027). Based on the results of these studies, the researchers recommend that the management of Pekanbaru Medical Center Hospital pay more attention to the level of burnout nurses because the performance of nurses plays an important role in patient care.
Analisa Stressor Pada Ibu Hamil Primipara Terhadap Proses Persalinan
Authors: Afrino Reki , Janah Rahmatul
Published: December 2019

According World Health Organization (WHO) data, maternal mortality is high. Every day, around 800 women die because of pregnancy complications childbirth in the world. Based on data Health Service in 2018 in Guguk Panjang Community Health Center, there were 647 pregnant women in Guguk Panjang Community Health Center, Bukittinggi. Therefore, this study aimed to determine The Analysis of Stressor Primipara Pregnant Women toward the Delivery Process in Guguk Panjang Community Health Center Bukittinggi.The type of this research was qualitative with descriptive phenomenology approach. It was conducted on April-May 2019. By using purposive sampling technique, 7 respondents had been chosen as the samples. The data were collected through in-depth interviews.The results of this research showed that there were three schemes gotten. First, the causes stress because internal and external factors. Then, the influences of stress because the roles of psychological and social factors. Last, there were three ways to reduce stress due to support from social factors and activities from relaxation and spiritual. In short, it can be concluded that the causes of stress, the effect of stress and how to reduce stress of primipara to prevent the inhibition of labor. Therefore, it is expected that midwives improve health promotion activities to prevent stressors in labor.

 

Keywords               : Stressor, Primipara, Labor Experience
How Do We Help Nurses Deal with Their Grief? - A perspective
Authors: Betriana Feni
Published: December 2019

Dying and death of patients are continuous events in healthcare setting. Even in the high technological situation, those are unavoidable and become parts of nurses` everyday work, especially in some units such as emergency department (ED), intensive care unit (ICU), high care unit (HCU), etc. Facing dying and death of patients were reported to cause nurses` grief (Shorter & Stayt, 2009). In some cases, the grief may stay longer than it should be.

 
ANALISIS PROFITABILITAS USAHATANI TEBU (Saccharum officinarum, L) DI KECAMATAN BENDAHARA KABUPATEN ACEH TAMIANG
Authors: Walyupin Walyupin , Jamil Muhammad , Gustiana Cut
Published: December 2019

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat pendapatan yang di peroleh petani tebu (Saccharum officinarum, L) Di Kecamatan Bendahara Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Bendahara Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Objek penelitian adalah petani tebu saja yang berada di desa-desa sampel di Kecamatan Bendahara Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Januari sampai April 2018. Sampel petani tebu di daerah penelitian sebanyak 32 orang .

Hasil penelitian: Karakteristik petani sampel di Kecamatan Bendahara yaitu: umur rata-rata petani sampel adalah 41,1 tahun, tingkat pendidikan rata-rata adalah 10,4 tahun, rata-rata pengalaman berusahatani 12,6 tahun dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga petani rata-rata 4 orang.

Dari hasil penelitian ini di perolehlah  BEP (Break Even Point)  Usahatani tebu di Kecamatan Bendahara Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang harus berproduksi sebesar 408 m/MT dengan total penerimaan sebesar Rp 831. 363 /MT, Analisis profitabilitasnya nilai yang di peroleh NPM (Net Profit Margin) sebesar 69%  yang menunjukan bahwa penjualan relatif lebih tinggi  69% dari pada pengeluaran dan  ROI (Return On Invesment) 230% yang artinya setiap pengeluaran Rp 1-, maka mendapatkan keuntungan sebesar Rp 2,30 atau 230%  dibandingkan dengan biaya pengeluaran.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN JERUK MANIS (Citrus sinensis, L) DI KECAMATAN BIREM BAYEUN KABUPATEN ACEH TIMUR
Authors: Supristiwendi Supristiwendi , Indra Siti Balqies , Hadi Taufikal
Published: December 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Strategi Pengembangan Jeruk Manis di Kecamatan Birem Bayeun Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Birem Bayeun Kabupaten Aceh Timur dengan menggunakan metode sensus. Objek penelitian ini adalah petani jeruk manis, dinas pertanian, penyuluh pertanian, ketua kelompok tani dan akademisi. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini dibatasi pada strategi pengembangan jeruk manis di kecamatan birem bayeun kabupaten aceh timur dengan analisis SWOT. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2018.

Jumlah petani sampel adalah sebanyak 15 orang dengan rincian Desa Alue Teh sebanyak 4 orang, Desa Jambo Labu 11 orang, 5 orang Sampel dari tokoh kunci ditentukan secara sengaja, dimana tokoh kunci sampel yang ditunjuk memang memiliki kompetensi di daerah penelitian. Tokoh kunci sebanyak 5 orang terdiri dari : Dinas Pertanian sebanyak 1 orang, Penyuluh Pertanian sebanyak 2 orang, Ketua Kelompok Tani sebanyak 1 orang dan Akademisi sebanyak 1 orang.

Hasil analisis SWOT strategi pengembangan jeruk manis di Kecamatan Birem Bayeun Kabupaten Aceh Timur adalah sebagai berikut: Mempertahankan kualitas jeruk manis dan meningkatkan hasil produksi, Memperluas lahan jeruk manis dengan memanfaatkan lokasi yang strategis dan kondisi lingkungan yang baik, Memanfaatkan Tenaga  kerja  yang  ada untuk  mengendalikan hama  dan  penyakit,  Mempertahankan kualitas jeruk manis dan menjalin kerja sama yang baik dengan pelanggan tetap, Memanfaatkan lahan yang ada dan meningkatkan hasil produksi jeruk manis, Menjalin kerjasama dengan dinas pertanian untuk mengatasi kurangnya ketersediaan bibit dan lahan sehingga hasil produksi meningkat dan bisa mencukupi permintaan pasar, Meningkatkan perawatan jeruk manis sehingga masa produktif bisa panjang dan hama penyakit bisa dikendalikan, Menjalin kerjasama dengan dinas pertanian untuk mengatasi sulitnya didapat pestisida sehingga hama penyakit bisa dikendalikan. Melalui analisis QSPM, prioritas strategi yang di usulkan yaitu mempertahankan kualitas jeruk manis dan menjalin kerja sama yang baik dengan pelanggan tetap.
Um ást á öræfum: og áhrif hennar á umræðu um verndun miðhálendisins
Authors: Karlsdóttir Unnur Birna
Published: December 2019

Viðfangsefni þessarar greinar er ást á öræfum í merkingunni hrifning af náttúru miðhálendis Íslands. Rýnt er í skrif tveggja náttúruunnenda á þeim nótum sem birtust með um hálfrar aldar millibili, þeirra Helga Valtýssonar og Guðmundar Páls Ólafssonar. Þeir fóru báðir í leiðangra inn á öræfi Íslands og lögðu sig í framhaldinu fram um að lýsa áhrifum þeirra á hugann og þýðingu öræfanna í því sambandi. Skrif þeirra beggja einkennast af persónulegu sjónarhorni en vitna um leið um áhrif frá þráðum í vestrænni náttúrusýn þar sem lögð er áhersla á gildi villtrar náttúru og mikilvægi þess að varðveita hana gegn breytingum af mannavöldum, ekki aðeins náttúrunnar vegna heldur einnig mannsins. Í seinni hluta greinarinnar er þetta viðfangsefni, ást á öræfum Íslands, tengt samtímanum með því að líta til þess hvernig sýn á hálendi á borð við þá sem þeir Helgi og Guðmundur Páll settu fram á sínum tíma hefur öðlast sess nú á dögum í umræðu um náttúruvernd á hálendinu, og þá ekki hvað síst í yfirstandandi umræðu um stofnun miðhálendisþjóðgarðs.
Eldrit á mannöld: Fjallið sem yppti öxlum eftir Gísla Pálsson og bókmenntir á tímum loftslagsbreytinga
Authors: Antonsson Atli
Published: December 2019

Í bók sinni Fjallið sem yppti öxlum blandar mannfræðingurinn Gísli Pálsson saman minningum af uppvexti sínum í Heimaey, frásögnum af eldgosinu sem ógnaði eynni árið 1973 og umfjöllun um mannöldina. Í þessari grein er bókin greind með tilliti til þeirrar hugmyndar höfundarins að verkið tilheyri líklega nýrri bókmenntagrein mannaldar og atrenna er gerð að því að álykta um einkenni þessarar nýju bókmenntagreinar. Hugtakið mannöld er útskýrt og stutt yfirlit gefið yfir þær bókmenntir sem tengjast þessu nýja skeiði jarðsögunnar til að staðsetja bók Gísla Páls-sonar innan þess samhengis. Því næst er verkið skoðað með hliðsjón af hefðbundnari bókmenntagreinum: sjálfsævisögunni og svokölluðum eldritum, og ályktað að nýtt
hugmyndafræðilegt samhengi gefi verkinu ákveðna sérstöðu innan þessara greina.
Järjestötyöntekijä huolehtii osaamisestaan
Authors: Ristolainen Heidi , Fields Marion
Published: December 2019

Kolmannen sektorin merkitys työnantajana on kasvanut viime vuosikymmeninä. Kasvun syynä ovat erityisesti järjestöjen palveluntarjonnan laajeneminen ja hankerahoitusten lisääntyminen.  Samalla kun työntekijöiden määrä on lisääntynyt, myös määräaikaisten työntekijöiden suhteellinen osuus on kasvanut ja on muita työelämän sektoreita suurempi. Uudet toimintamuodot lisäävät osaamistarpeita. Artikkelissa selvitetään, eroavatko määräaikaisten ja vakituisten työntekijöiden osaamisen kehittämisen käytännöt ja onko järjestön koolla tai toimialalla merkitystä. Tutkimus perustuu 844 eri alojen järjestötyöntekijöiden vastausaineistoon. Tulokset osoittavat, että vakituiset työntekijät kehittävät määräaikaisia useammin osaamistaan työpaikan ulkopuolisessa ammatillisessa koulutuksessa. Määräaikaiset työntekijät hyödyntävät puolestaan enemmän informaalin oppimisen lähteitä, kuten työkavereita ja sosiaalista mediaa. Järjestöissä, joissa ollaan tekemisissä ulkoisen rahoittajan kanssa, koulutus koetaan tärkeämmäksi kuin sellaisissa, joissa näin ei ole. Suurimmaksi osaamisen kehittämisen esteeksi vastaajat sanovat kiireen sekä resurssien ja kehittämiskäytäntöjen puutteen. Ne korostuvat pienillä työnantajilla. Verkostomaisten oppimismuotojen aiempaa monipuolisempi hyödyntäminen on kannattavaa järjestöille tyypillisillä osaamisalueilla.
Aikuiskasvatus, sivistys ja työn tulevaisuus
Authors: Miettinen Reijo
Published: December 2019

Vapaan kansansivistyksen ja työn välinen suhde on ollut aikuiskasvatuksen teorian keskeisiä ongelmia. Artikkelissa sitä käsitellään G. W. F. Hegelin ja J. V. Snellmanin sivistyskäsitteiden valossa. Niiden näkökulmasta vapaan kansansivistyksen ja työssä tapahtuvan sivistymisen välinen vastakkainasettelu on keinotekoinen. Hegelin näkemys työn, kansalaisyhteiskunnan ja ammatillisten yhdistysten merkityksestä sivistysprosessissa antaa älyllisiä välineitä syventää ja laajentaa työn käsitettä. Dialektinen työkäsite vaatii ylittämään kriittisen teorian vallan analyysin ja työn huononemisen viitekehykset ja tarttumaan työn ja teknologian kehityksen emansipatorisiin mahdollisuuksiin. Aikuiskasvatuksen tutkimuksen on annettava panoksensa uusien demokraattisten työn ja palvelutuotannon mallien kokeiluun ja teoretisointiin.
Avoin tiede ajaa tiedeseurat pohtimaan rooliaan
Authors: Ikonen Risto
Published: December 2019

Tiedejulkaisemisen globaali murros kohti avoimia julkaisuympäristöjä pakottaa tiedeseurat arvioimaan uudelleen toimintaansa ja tiedejulkaisemista.
Aikuisten maahanmuuttajien kotoutumiskoulutuksen tulosten ennustaminen lähtötason arviointien perusteella
Authors: Huhta Ari , Tammelin-Laine Taina , Hirvelä Tuija , Neittaanmäki Reeta , Stordell Elina
Published: December 2019

Artikkelissa selvitetään aikuisten maahanmuuttajien kotoutumiskoulutuksessa saavuttamaa suomen kielen taitoa ja sitä, ennustaako koulutuksen alussa tehtävä lähtötason arviointi saavutettua kielitaitoa. Tutkimukseen osallistuneet maahanmuuttajat (N = 286) osallistuivat lähtötason arviointiin Testipisteessä. Sen jälkeen he suorittivat kotoutumiskoulutuksen opinnot peruspolun tai hitaan opintopolun mukaisesti muutamassa pääkaupunkiseudun oppilaitoksessa. Testipisteen mallin mukaisessa lähtötason arvioinnissa selvitetään maahanmuuttajan suomen kielen taitoa ja opiskeluvalmiuksia testeillä ja taustatietoja keräämällä. Niiden pohjalta maahanmuuttaja ohjataan sopivimmalle opintopolulle ja kielitaitomoduuliin. Havaitsimme, että vain osa maahanmuuttajista saavuttaa kotoutumiskoulutuksen tavoitteen, B1.1-tason kielitaidon kaikilla osa-alueilla. Puhumisessa 60 prosenttia peruspolun opiskelijoista ja vajaat 20 prosenttia hitaan polun opiskelijoista yltää tavoitetasolle. Valtaosa saavuttaa A2.2-tason. Ikä, sukupuoli, matematiikan osaaminen ja kielitaidon osa-alueen mukaan muut opiskeluvalmiuksia mittaavat testit ennustavat koulutuksessa saavutettua kielitaitoa. Tulokset viittaavat vahvasti siihen, että huomattava osa ei saavuta virallista kielitaitotavoitetta. Tarkempi kuva saavutuseroista ja niiden syistä edellyttää tutkimusta, jossa tieto kurssien sisällöistä ja työtavoista, opiskelijoiden työelämäharjoittelusta ja vapaa-ajan kielenkäytöstä yhdistyy oppimistulosten analyysiin.
Sosiaalisen solidaarisuuden käänne vammaisten lasten tutkimuksessa
Authors: Hämeenaho Pilvi , Komulainen Sirkka
Published: December 2019

Artikkelissa luomme katsauksen vammaisten lasten tutkimuksessa tapahtuneisiin tutkimusparadigman muutoksiin. Pohdimme, millaiset vammaisuuteen liittyvät käsitykset ja määritelmät vaikuttavat siihen, miten tutkimme ”vammaista lasta”.  Tarkastelemme muutoksia vammaisuuden määrittelyssä ja määrittelyjen vaikutuksia käytäntöihin erityisesti koulutuksellisen inkluusion kontekstissa. Määritelmät ja tutkimusorientaatiot ovat muuttuneet vammaisten yhteiskunnallisen aseman muutoksien myötä. 1980-luvulta lähtien haavoittuvuuden sijaan tutkimuksessa on kiinnitetty huomiota lasten oikeuksiin ja heidän toimijuutensa. Samalla yksilön oikeuksia korostavia, uusliberalistisia diskursseja on myös kritisoitu lapsen tarpeita, vamman vaikutuksia ja ympäristön vastuuta vähätteleviksi. Laajasti anglo-amerikkalaisen, niin sanotun ”vammaisuuden sosiaalisen mallin” mukaisen tutkimuksen pohjalta nostamme esiin myös viimeisimmän käänteen vammaisten lasten tutkimuksessa, joka peräänkuuluttaa arvoperustaista siirtymää yksilökeskeisyydestä yhteisöllisyyteen. Käänne on tuonut tutkimukseen sosiaalisen solidaarisuuden sekä keskinäisen riippuvuuden käsitteistöä lapsen oikeuksia ja toimijuutta korostavien näkökulmien ja tutkimusotteiden sijaan. Keskenään ristiriitaisilta vaikuttavia tutkimusotteita ei kuitenkaan tarvitse nähdä toisiaan poissulkevina, eikä sosiaalista solidaarisuutta tavoitteleva tutkimus kiellä oikeusperustaisuuden tärkeyttä. Uusi käänne korostaa yhteisöllisyyden merkityksen tunnistamisen tärkeyttä. Siten se edistää vammaisten osallisuutta, sekä laajemmin yhteiskunnallisen inkluusion tavoitteita.
Oppimisen avoimuus korkeakouluissa
Authors: Clarot Kaisu , Helminen Päivi
Published: December 2019

Avoin julkaiseminen on tutkijoille tuttua ja opinnäytteitä on avoimesti saatavilla verkossa. Open access -aineistojen käyttö opetuksessa on avoimen tieteen toteuttamista käytännössä. Tulevaisuudessa avoimet oppimateriaalit ovat entistä tärkeämpiä, koska ostettujen aineistojen hinnat nousevat. Avoin oppiminen voi tarkoittaa eri asioita eri oppimisen konteksteissa: se voi tarkoittaa kaikille mahdollisuutta oppia tai pedagogisia ratkaisuja, joissa toimijuus ja vastuu jakautuvat. Oppimateriaalien ja opetuksen työkalujen avoin saatavuus ajasta ja paikasta riippumatta on yksi näkökulma avoimeen oppimiseen. Jotta opettaja voi julkaista omia oppimateriaalejaan vapaasti verkossa, hän tarvitsee taitoja teknologiasta, pedagogiikasta ja sisällöstä sekä hänen täytyy tuntea tekijänoikeusasiat.  Nykyisten perusohjelmistojen ja Creative Commons -lisenssien hallitseminen ovat lähtökohta tehdä avointa oppimateriaalia. Monet yliopistot julkaisevat verkossa avoimesti kokonaisia kursseja. Avoimet materiaalit ja kurssit parantavat opetuksen laatua ja tuovat näkyvyyttä sekä opettajalle että yliopistolle. Avointen oppimateriaalien käytön edistämiseksi on meneillään hanke, jossa tuotetaan kaikille koulutusasteille yhteinen digitaalinen palvelu, josta avoimia oppimateriaaleja voi hakea ja johon avoimia oppimateriaalejaan voi tallentaa.
“No periaatteessa minun tiedossani se aika lailla on”: Palveluohjauksen työntekijän tiedollinen asema varhaiskasvatuksen palveluohjauskeskusteluissa
Authors: Kuukka Anu Katriina , Siippainen Anna , Alasuutari Maarit
Published: December 2019

Kunnilla on laissa säädetty velvollisuus antaa huoltajille tietoa erilaisista varhaiskasvatuksen vaihtoehdoista. Tätä tiedottamista kutsutaan palveluohjaukseksi. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan huoltajan ja kunnan palveluohjauksen työntekijän välisiä puhelinkeskusteluja. Palveluohjauskeskusteluja tutkitaan institutionaalisen vuorovaikutuksen näkökulmasta. Institutionaaliselle vuorovaikutukselle on ominaista osallistujien roolien muotoutuminen vuorovaikutuksen edetessä (esim. Drew & Heritage, 1992). Artikkelissa kiinnitämme huomion vuorovaikutukseen osallistujien tiedollisiin suhteisiin hyödyntämällä tietämisen alueen käsitettä (Heritage, 2012). Artikkelissa tutkitaan, miten palveluohjauksen työntekijän tiedollinen asema rakentuu vuorovaikutuksessa huoltajan kanssa ja minkä tiedon tulkitaan keskusteluissa kuuluvan työntekijän tietämisen alueeseen. Aineisto koostuu varhaiskasvatuksen palveluohjauksen puhelinkeskustelujen tallenteista (n=24), joiden analyysi pohjaa diskurssianalyyttiseen tarkasteluun. Työntekijän tietämisen alueen kuvataan muodostuvan tiedon tarjoamisen, tiedonannon vaiheittaisuuden ja tietämisen oikeutuksen kokonaisuudesta. Tiedon tarjoaminen ja samalla työntekijän ammatillisen tietämisen alue käsitti kunnan varhaiskasvatuspalveluita koskevan perustiedon. Lisäksi siihen katsottiin kuuluvan huoltajien työtilanne, minkä seurauksena puhelinkeskusteluja sävytti työelämäorientoituneisuus. Sen sijaan niihin ei juurikaan sisältynyt keskustelua lapsesta.
Responses of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Wistar Rats to Different Resistance Exercise Models
Authors: LUCIANO T. F. , MARQUES S. O. , PIERI B. L. , DE SOUZA D. R. , ARAÚJO L. V. , NESI R. T. , SCHEFFER D. L. , COMIN V. H. , PINHO R. A. , MULLER A. P. , DE SOUZA C. T.
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to compare the effects of three different resistance exercise models on the quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area, as well as on mTOR phosphorylation and other pivotal molecules involved in the upstream regulation of mTOR. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into untrained (control), endurance resistance training, strength resistance training, and hypertrophy resistance training (HRT) groups (n=6). After 12 weeks of training, the red portion of the quadriceps was removed for histological and Western blot analyses. The results showed that the quadriceps weight and cross-sectional areas in the exercised groups were higher than those of the untrained rats. However, the HRT group presented better results than the other two experimental groups. This same pattern was observed for mTOR phosphorylation and for the most pivotal molecules involved in the upstream control of mTOR (increase of PKB, 14-3-3, ERK, p38 MAPK, and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, and reduction of tuberin, sestrin 2, REDD1, and phospho AMPK). In summary, our study showed that HRT leads to high levels of mTOR phosphorylation as well as of other proteins involved in the upstream regulation of mTOR.
Blood Pressure and Hemodynamics: Mayer Waves in Different Phases of Ovarian and Menstrual Cycle in Women
Authors: LUTSENKO O. I. , KОVALENKO S. О.
Published: December 2019

The goal of the research is to investigate the special effect of ovarian-menstrual cycle phases on the level of women’s blood pressure and characteristics of Mayer waves. 77 women aged 18-19 were tested under condition close to the state of basal metabolism in follicular phase (I), ovulation (II) and luteal phase (III) of ovarian-menstrual cycle. In phases II and III, the increase of mean and diastolic blood pressure level, in comparison with phase I in the prone position at rest and with psycho-emotional loading, were observed. The distinctions between variation parameters of R-R interval duration, stroke volume and its synchronization in phases II and III, in comparison with phase I, were observed in the prone position at rest, during tilt-test and with psycho-emotional loading. The substantial level of relationship between the power of Mayer waves and mean and diastolic blood pressure, mainly in phase I under conditions of all types, is observed. The maximum peak amplitude of stroke volume spectrogram is associated with pressure levels in the range of 0.04-0.15 Hz (ρ from -0.33 to -0.64). The obtained results indicate the possible participation of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity characteristics in keeping blood pressure level in women.
Angiotensinogen and Interleukin-18 as Markers of Chronic Kidney Damage in Children With a History of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: LIPIEC K. , ADAMCZYK P. , ŚWIĘTOCHOWSKA E. , ZIORA K. , SZCZEPAŃSKA M.
Published: December 2019

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a type of thrombotic microangiopathy, in the course of which some patients may develop chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is clinically important to investigate the markers of a poor prognosis. The levels of angiotensinogen (AGT) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in serum and urine were evaluated. Study was conducted in 29 children with a history of HUS. Serum and urine AGT concentration was significantly higher in children after HUS as compared to the control group. No differences depending on the type of HUS and gender were noted. The serum concentration of IL-18 in children after HUS was significantly lower, whereas in urine did not differ significantly between the sick and healthy children. A negative correlation between the concentration of AGT in serum and albuminuria in patients after HUS was detected. The results indicate that the concentration of AGT in serum and urine in children after HUS increases, which may indicate the activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The statement, that AGT may be a good biomarker of CKD after acute kidney injury due to HUS requires prospective studies with follow-up from the acute phase of the disease on a larger group of patients. Reduced IL-18 serum concentration in children after HUS with no difference in its urine concentration may indicate a loss of the protective effects of this cytokine on renal function due to previously occurred HUS.
Nesfatin-1 Influences the Excitability of Gastric Distension-Responsive Neurons in the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus of Rats
Authors: FENG H. , WANG Q. , GUO F. , HAN X. , PANG M. , SUN X. , GONG Y. , XU L.
Published: December 2019

The present study investigated the effects of nesfatin-1 on gastric distension (GD)-responsive neurons via an interaction with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor signaling in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), and the potential regulation of these effects by hippocampal projections to VMH. Extracellular single-unit discharges were recorded in VHM following administration of nesfatin-1. The projection of nerve fibers and expression of nesfatin-1 were assessed by retrograde tracing and fluoro-immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results showed that there were GD-responsive neurons in VMH; Nesfatin-1 administration and electrical stimulation of hippocampal CA1 sub-region altered the firing rate of these neurons. These changes could be partially blocked by pretreatment with the non-selective CRF antagonist astressin-B or an antibody to NUCB2/nesfatin-1. Electrolytic lesion of CA1 hippocampus reduced the effects of nesfatin-1 on VMH GD-responsive neuronal activity. These studies suggest that nesfatin-1 plays an important role in GD-responsive neuronal activity through interactions with CRF signaling pathways in VMH. The hippocampus may participate in the modulation of nesfatin-1-mediated effects in VMH.
The Expression Levels of Notch-Related Signaling Molecules in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Bleomycin-Induced Rat Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: YIN Q. , WANG W. , CUI G. , NAN H. , YAN L. , ZHANG W. , ZHANG S. , WEI J.
Published: December 2019

Previous studies have suggested that the Notch signaling pathway plays a very important role in the proliferation and differentiation of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression level of Notch-related signaling molecules in PMVECs in bleomycin (BLM)-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and real-time PCR were used to analyze the differences in protein and mRNA expression levels of Notch-related signaling molecules, i.e. Notch1, Jagged1, Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), and hairy and enhancer of split homolog 1 (Hes1), between a control group treated with intratracheal instillation of saline and a study group treated with intratracheal instillation of BLM solution. Expression levels of the receptor Notch1 and one of its ligands, Jagged1, were upregulated, while the expression levels of the ligand Dll4 and the target molecule of the Notch signaling pathway, Hes1, were downregulated. The differences in protein and mRNA expression levels between the control and study groups were significant (p<0.001). The Jagged1/Notch1 signaling pathway is activated in the pathogenesis of BLM-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis, while the Dll4/Notch1 signaling pathway is inhibited, which inhibits the suppressive effect of Dll4/Notch1 signaling on PMVEC overproliferation, further causing PMVEC dysfunction in cell sprouting and maturation as well as abnormal differentiation of the cell phenotype. Conversely, the down-expression of Hes1 indicates that the Jagged1/Notch1 signaling pathway could be a non-canonical Notch signaling pathway independent of Hes1 activation, which differs from the canonical Dll4/Notch1 signaling pathway.
The In Vivo Effects of Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease on Some Renal and Hepatic Function and CYP450 Metabolizing Enzymes
Authors: AL ZA’ABI M. , SHALABY A. , MANOJ P. , ALI B. H.
Published: December 2019

Adenine-induced model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widely used model especially in studies testing novel nephroprotective agents. We investigated the effects of adenine-induced CKD in rats on the activities of some xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in liver and kidneys, and on some in vivo indicators of drug metabolism (viz pentobarbitone sleeping time, and plasma concentration of theophylline 90 min post administration). CKD was induced by orally feeding adenine (0.25 % w/w) for 35 days. Adenine induced all the characteristics of CKD, which was confirmed by biochemical and histological findings. Glutathione concentration and activities of some enzymes involved in its metabolism were reduced in kidneys and livers of rats with CKD. Renal CYP450 1A1 activity was significantly inhibited by adenine, but other measured isoenzymes (1A2, 3A4 and 2E1) were not significantly affected. Adenine significantly prolonged pentobarbitone-sleeping time and increased plasma theophylline concentration 90 min post administration. Adenine also induced a moderate degree of hepatic damages as indicated histologically and by significant elevations in some plasma enzymes. The results suggest that adenine-induced CKD is associated with significant in vivo inhibitory activities on some drug-metabolizing enzymes, with most of the effect on the kidneys rather than the liver.