Respons anggrek dendrobium terhadap perbedaan naungan dan aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh
Authors: Amalia Adinda Cikal , Mubarok Syariful , Nuraini Anne 
Published: August 2022

AbstrakTanaman anggrek banyak digemari oleh masyarakat karena keanekaragamannya. Jenis anggrek yang paling populer adalah Dendrobium sp. Namun pertumbuhan tanaman anggrek cenderung lambat karena masa juvenil yang lama dan proses fotosintesis yang rendah. Oleh karena itu, upaya percepatan proses pertumbuhan sangat diperlukan. Salah satunya adalah aplikasi naungan dan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan persentase naungan dan jenis ZPT terbaik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan Dendrobium. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2020 hingga Januari 2021 di Screenhouse, Kebun Percobaan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok, terdiri dari sepuluh taraf perlakuan kombinasi antara naungan dan ZPT, yaitu A = naungan 70%, tanpa ZPT; B = naungan 70% + IAA 90 ppm; C = naungan 70% + thidiazuron (TDZ) 50 ppm, D = naungan 70% + GA3 150 ppm; E = naungan 70% + Paclobutrazol 100 ppm; F = naungan 30%, tanpa ZPT; G = naungan 30% + IAA 90 ppm; H = naungan 30% + TDZ 50 ppm; I = naungan 30% + GA3 150 ppm, dan J = naungan 30% + Paclobutrazol 100 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan naungan 70% dapat meningkatkan beberapa komponen pertumbuhan Dendrobium, antara lain tinggi tanaman, jumlah pseudobulb, lebar daun, panjang daun, dan kandungan klorofil. Aplikasi TDZ juga berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun, jumlah pseudobulb, dan kandungan klorofil Dendrobium sp. Kata Kunci: Anggrek Dendrobium, naungan, zat pengatur tumbuh, IAA, thidiazuron, GA3, paklobutrazolAbstractOrchid plants are widely popular by society because of its rich diversity. The most popular type of orchid is Dendrobium. However, the growth of orchid plants tend to be slow because of a long juvenile period and a low photosynthesis process. Therefore, the efforts to accelerate the growth process is needed. One of them is the application of shade and plant growth regulator (PGR). This research aimed to obtain the best percentage of shade and types of PGR to increase Dendrobium growth. Experiment was carried out from October 2020 until Januari 2021 at Screenhouse, Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java. Experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design, consisted of ten levels of combination treatments between shade and PGR, namely A = shading 70%, no PGR; B = shading 70% + IAA 90 ppm; C = shading 70% + thidiazuron (TDZ) 50 ppm, D = shading 70% + GA3 150 ppm; E = shading 70% + Paclobutrazol 100 ppm; F = shading 30%, no PGR; G = shading 30% + IAA 90 ppm; H = shading 30% + TDZ 50 ppm; I = shading 30% + GA3 150 ppm, and J = shading 30% + Paclobutrazol 100 ppm. The result showed that the use of 70% shade could increase several growth components of Dendrobium, including plant height, number of pseudobulb, leaf width, leaf length, and chlorophyll content. The TDZ application also had a significant effect on the number of leaves, number of pseudobulb, and chlorophyll content of Dendrobium sp. Keywords: Dendrobium orchid, shade, plant growth regulator, IAA, thidiazuron, GA3, paclobutrazol.