bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age Differences in the Big Five Personality Domains, Facets and Nuances: A Replication across the life span
Authors: Hang Yuzhan , Soto Christopher J. , Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Haring Liina , Lee Billy , Ostendorf Fritz , Mõttus René
Published: February 2021

This replication and extension of Mõttus and Rozgonjuk (2019) compared the extents of age-related information captured by different levels of the personality trait hierarchy (domains, facets and nuances, indexed by individual items) in several samples (N = 51,524) of different age ranges and cultural backgrounds, and tested with different instruments. Across samples and measures, lower trait hierarchy levels (especially nuances) tended to contain substantially more age-sensitive information than higher levels; most of the unique age-sensitive information was in nuances. Besides showing the need for more nuanced personality (development) research, the findings suggest ways of testing novel hypotheses that rely on systematic between-trait variance in age differences.
The Impact of Laws on Norms Perceptions
Authors: Eisner Léïla , Turner-Zwinkels Felicity Mary , Spini Dario
Published: February 2021

When opinions in a society change toward more or less tolerance of a group, people do not necessarily see it. Drawing on a quasi-representative survey (Study 1, N = 830) and a natural experiment (Study 2, N = 437), we investigated people’s perceptions of the societal norms toward sexual minorities and the influence of laws on these (mis-)perceptions. Study 1 indicated pluralistic ignorance as participants overestimated the societal disapproval toward same-sex issues. Complementing this finding, Study 2 found that informing participants about a new law legalizing stepchild adoption decreased perceived societal disapproval of same-sex parenting compared with participants not informed about the law. Pluralistic ignorance, however, was not affected by the new law. While results indicate that pluralistic ignorance may be more resilient to change, they also highlight that laws can have a dual impact on societies, changing not only the legal situation but also shifting perceptions of societal norms.
Staying home so you can keep going out: A multiplayer self-isolation game modelling pandemic behaviour
Authors: van Baal Simon Thomas , Walasek Lukasz , Hohwy Jakob
Published: February 2021

During a pandemic, isolating oneself from the community limits viral transmission and helps avoid repeated societal lockdowns. This entails a social dilemma – either distance oneself from others for the benefit of the public good or free-ride and enjoy the benefits of freedom. It is not yet understood how the unfamiliar incentive structure and interpersonal context presented by a pandemic together modulate individuals’ approach to this social dilemma. In this preregistered study, we take a game-theoretical approach and investigate people’s decisions to self-isolate, using a novel iterated multiplayer game designed to capture the decision-making environment in the pandemic. To elucidate players’ thinking, we use a variation of the strategy method and elicit beliefs about how much others will self-isolate. Players tend to respond to social norms with abidance, rather than transgression; they resist the temptation to freeride when others are self-isolating. However, they deal with exponential growth poorly, as they only self-isolate sufficiently when lockdowns are imminent. Further, increased collective risk can motivate more self-isolation, even though the link between self-isolation and lockdowns is stochastic. Players underreport the influence of others’ choices on their own, and underestimate others’ self-isolation. We discuss implications for public health, and communication to the public.
Climbing Towards Equity: Stages of Growth in the Partisan Mind
Authors: Breslin Patrick
Published: February 2021

Partisanized politics is usually studied in terms of conservatism versus liberalism. Examined from George Lakoff's perspective in the field of cognitive science, this dichotomy appears to be based on family-oriented archetypes which he labels Strict Father Model versus Nurturing Parent Model. Philosopher and developmentalist Ken Wilber offers an integral perspective contextualizing this framework within a process of psychosocial evolution. He suggests that the differences represent unfolding of stages of growth characterized in their early levels by a lack of compassion for outsiders but in later levels by greater empathy and inclusiveness. This can create consternation among occupants of the less developed levels who don't grasp the value of showing compassion to those outside their own group. Wilber also identifies a yet more enlightened demographic that manages to recognize conservatism and liberalism as guideposts on a psychosocial evolutionary journey.
Dissecting COVID-19 Pandenomics: A New Management Discourse
Authors: Sthapit Arhan
Published: February 2021

With the novel coronavirus outbreak adversely affecting economies all over the world and putting the humankind in probably the most difficult time in modern history, an imperative need to understand, analyse and dissect the very economics of pandemic—or the ‘Pandenomics’ of COVID-19— has been felt. In our human lives and politico-economic spheres, much has either changed or metamorphosed after the virus outbreak, as the world moves towards the end of 2020. The world has made transition from physical to virtual and digital. Globalisation has witnessed deceleration in its pace, if not reversal. We managers should well analyse and dissect the COVID pandenomics to draw its telling lessons for managing economies and organisations in both short and long terms. We can successfully convert the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (or, VUCA-1), into Vision, Understanding, Clarity and Agility, or VUCA-2 for which the management leaders should possess and develop the essential competency to ‘lead through influence.’
Effects of Internal Service Quality on Work Engagement: A Case Study of Hotel Soaltee Crowne Plaza
Authors: Shakya Eveeta , Tamang Puja
Published: February 2021

This study examined the Service Quality (SERVQUAL) model with the Internal Service Quality (ISQ) dimensions such as tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy that impact on employee work engagement. This research work was conducted in Hotel Soaltee Crowne Plaza (SCP), one of the 5-star deluxe hotels of Nepal. The study has adopted an inferential research design to meet the study objectives regarding the impact of independent variables on work engagement of SCP Hotel. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 126 sample respondents out of a total of 503 employees of SCP hotel. The study reveals a significant relationship of work engagement with empathy and not with rest of the independent variables. Based on the findings it is recommended that employees should be taken good care of, and employers should be well aware of the employees’ emotional level since empathy has shown a highly significant relationship with work engagement. Study results have scope of future reference whereby implementing SERVQUAL dimensions for employee work engagement and reduction in employee turnover and improved.
The Stock Market’s Reaction to Unanticipated Catastrophic Event
Authors: Karki Dipendra
Published: February 2021

Several factors influence the stock market; they trigger market over-or under-reactions. The paper aims to identify the effect of a major catastrophic event on stock returns. For this, daily data of stock market indices was used with a total of 210 observations and the effect of catastrophic event, Nepal Earthquake 2015, was tested using the method of event analysis for different event windows. The catastrophic event did not affect stock returns significantly and was resilient to earthquake-induced shocks. The event window (+2, +10) shows the higher and positive abnormal returns which depicts that the market has recovered from the shock in as many as three days. The study shows that stock market in Nepal is semi-strongly inefficient.
Backside Integrated Circuit Magnetic Field Imaging with a Quantum Diamond Microscope
Authors: Levine Edlyn V. , Turner Matthew J. , Langellier Nicholas , Babinec Thomas M. , Lončar Marko , Walsworth Ronald L.
Published: February 2021

We present a new method for backside integrated circuit (IC) magnetic field imaging using Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM) nitrogen vacancy magnetometry. We demonstrate the ability to simultaneously image the functional activity of an IC thinned to 12 µm remaining silicon thickness over a wide fieldof- view (3.7 x 3.7 mm2). This 2D magnetic field mapping enables the localization of functional hot-spots on the die and affords the potential to correlate spatially delocalized transient activity during IC operation that is not possible with scanning magnetic point probes. We use Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling to determine the impact and magnitude of measurement artifacts that result from the specific chip package type. These computational results enable optimization of the measurements used to take empirical data yielding magnetic field images that are free of package-specific artifacts. We use machine learning to scalably classify the activity of the chip using the QDM images and demonstrate this method for a large data set containing images that are not possible to visually classify.
High Spatial and Energy Resolution Fault Isolation by Electron Beam Probing for Advanced Technology Nodes
Authors: Huening Jennifer J. , Joshi Prasoon , Ryu Hyuk Ju , Chuang Wen-hsien , Xu Di , Oh May Ling , Zhao Shuai , Tong Tom
Published: February 2021

On older semiconductor technology, electron-beam probing (EBP) for active voltage contrast and waveform on frontside metal lines was widely utilized. EBP is also being extended to include the well-known optical techniques such as signal mapping imaging (SMI) with the use of a lock-in amplifier in the signal chain and e-beam device perturbation. This paper highlights some of the achievements from an Intel in-house built e-beam tool on current technology nodes. The discussion covers the demonstration of fin and contact resolution on the current technology nodes by EBP and the analysis of the SRAM array with EBP and EBP of metal lines. By utilizing EBP, it has been demonstrated that logic state imaging, SMI, and waveform have significantly improved spatial resolution compared to the current optical fault isolation analogues.
IC Decomposition and Imaging Metrics to Optimize Design File Recovery for Verification and Validation
Authors: Waite Adam R. , Scholl Jonathan H. , Baur Joshua , Kimura Adam , Strizich Michael , Via Glen David
Published: February 2021

This paper presents an in-depth review of the critical front end stages of the fabricated integrated circuit (IC) assurance workflow used for recovering the design stack-up of a fabricated IC. In this work, a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) embedded on a 130 nm static random access memory (SRAM) chip is targeted for recovering the full design stack-up. This process leverages state-of-the-art techniques for high precision material processing and image acquisition to optimize and ensure the highest accuracy in the feature extraction stage. To this end, we present metrics that can be leveraged for optimizing the front end stages of the assurance workflow. Novel imaging figures of merit (FOM) for optimizing image acquisition parameters have been developed and are presented. The Image Quality Factor (IQF) FOM was established to quantify overall image quality as it pertains to feature extraction and the Quality and Efficiency Rating (QER) FOM was demonstrated to optimize imaging parameter selection, balancing image quality and image acquisition time.
Nanoprobe Nodal Analysis with Stitch Diagram in Local Fault Isolation
Authors: Gleason Al , West John , Xia Min
Published: February 2021

In order to understand and communicate a PFA strategy during an analysis, a two-dimensional diagram of the layout of a suspect net has been developed. Net connections are extracted from the layout and drawn in a two-dimensional stitch diagram. The result is a simplified diagram providing a stack view of the layout layers for the net(s) of interest. Key analysis decisions are made and communicated using the stitch diagram. Using this diagram, selective nanoprobe measurements are made. Software implementation that extracts and draws the diagram allows for faster creation as well as making larger nets practical. As examples show, nanoprobe curve trace analysis using a simplified diagram has proven to be a successful evidence based approach to physical failure analysis of complex nets.
Back End of Line (BEOL) Pulse Nanoprobing Fault Isolation Technique on RF Device with Soft Failure Issue
Authors: Tan P.K. , Chen C.Q. , Fransiscus R. , Quah A. , Ng P.T. , Parab S. M. , Ma Y.Z. , He R.
Published: February 2021

The global radio frequency (RF) semiconductor market size is growing dramatically in recent years, especially with the growing demand for mobile devices, communication networks, automotive applications, etc. Failure analysis (FA) on RF devices is normally more complex than digital devices, especially when it involves soft failure. This paper discusses FA on an RF product soft failure issue by the pulsed currentvoltage (IV) nanoprobing technique. The device suffered from high-frequency failure and exhibited abnormal repetitive softstart signature. Previous publications on pulsed IV nanoprobing applications were mostly related to Front End Of Line (FEOL) issues and simulations. In most of these cases, the electrical abnormality could also be observed with normal DC IV measurement. In this paper, the pulsed IV nanoprobing was performed at the Back End Of Line (BEOL) interconnects to isolate the failure that was otherwise not detected with normal DC nanoprobing or the reported pulse IV measurement. The proposed method successfully isolate, simulate the failure, and helping us to identify the process and design rule weakness.
Bridge Defect Case Inside Digital Circuitry
Authors: Merassi Angelo Antonio , Medda Matteo
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to present a typical bridge defect case inside digital circuitry, from diagnosis to emission point of view. Specific considerations have allowed to establish the exact point of failure. Keywords— bridge defect, aggressor and victim, region of intersection
In-Situ TEM Electrical Characterization of Void Formation and Growth Along Cu Interconnect Via: FIB Based Sample Preparation Method
Authors: Barda Hagit , Geppert Irina , Raz Avraham , Berthier Rémy
Published: February 2021

An experimental setup is presented, that allows in-situ Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM) investigation of void formation and growth within fully embedded interconnect structure, as a response to an external bias. A special TEM holder is employed to perform in-situ I-V measurements across the Via, simultaneously monitoring the morphological and chemical changes surrounding the void. This work presents in detail a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) based sample preparation method that allows the analysis of a Cu single Via structure found in the advanced microelectronic 14nm FinFET technology, as well as preliminary TEM observations.
Enabling Cell Aware Diagnosis in a Foundry for Accurate and Efficient Failure Analysis of Cell Internal Defects
Authors: Deshpande Rohan , Billus Gregory , Penmethsa Nikitha , Pacifico Davide , Tang Huaxing , Dsouza Jayant , Klingenberg Randy , Mentor Manish Sharma
Published: February 2021

Cell aware diagnosis identifies defects within the standard cell as opposed to traditional layout aware diagnosis that identifies the failing standard cell or the area between two standard cells. In a mature technology dominated by random defects, cell aware results pinpoint the cell internal layer drastically reducing the turnaround time for failure analysis. This paper describes a method to enable cell aware diagnosis in a foundry environment, perform a volume diagnosis analysis with RCAD (fail mode pareto) and drive failure analysis with a quick turnaround time for a 14nm customer chip.
Cathodic protection of main pipelines from stress corrosion cracking
Authors: Khizhnyakov V. I. , Negodin A. V. , Shelkov V. A. , Toz A. N.
Published: February 2021

The paper analyzes the degradation process of the strength properties of ferritic-pearlitic pipe steels subjected to the influence of cathode hydrogen and the operating pressure in the pipeline. It is shown that the growth stress corrosion cracking deep into the pipe wall occurs along the Chernov-Lüders band, in the direction of the maximum tangential stresses acting at an angle of 30-60 degrees relative to the tensile stresses.
The transportation improvement in Tyumen
Authors: Timokhovets V. D. , Chichilanova Y. I.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the need to improve the road network in Tyumen. The existing regulatory framework in the field of integrated development of streets and city roads has been analyzed, and the basic requirements that must be met by the city's transport system have been established. In this regard, the main directions are highlighted, which are necessary for accounting to determine measures to improve the network of streets and city roads for any agglomeration unit. On the example of Tyumen, a detailed analysis of these directions is carried out and, through its results, the stages of reorganization of the road network are determined to ensure the comfortable movement of all road users.
Feasibility studies of protective sub-ballast soil-cement layers at heavy-train traffic
Authors: Kosenko S. A. , Kotova I. A. , Akimov S. S.
Published: February 2021

The development of ways to create a solid base for laying the track structure becomes especially relevant in conditions of the heavy-train traffic. This work presents feasibility studies of using a cold regeneration soil method for strengthening the main subgrade site. The advantages of this method are identified by the creation of models of production processes for soil-cement layers of various thickness. The main performance indicators are analyzed and compared with similar indicators of the most used engineering solutions for strengthening the subgrade working area: soft soil replacing and creation of a protective layer from a rubble-sand-gravel mixture reinforced with a geocell.The obtained results allow determining the following parameters: the number of employees, length of employment, outputs, productivity, labor costs, wages, costs of machine and mechanism operation, materials and works.Based on the results, a conclusion is made that there is an obvious advantage of the cold regeneration soil method for all parameters.
3D modeling of box-section road surface
Authors: Elugachev P. A. , Esharov E. A. , Shumilov B. M. , Kuduev A. Zh.
Published: February 2021

In road design, it is most important to obtain an optimum road surface (left and right traffic ways, left and right road sides, left and right slopes, etc.) using a number of criteria (sometimes hundreds of criteria), which include a slope, absolute elevation, elevation relative to the groundwater level, distance from the top of pipe-culvert, and others. In most computer-aided design systems, a digital model of the project is built by using a Delone triangulation.

This paper deals with a new mathematical apparatus for spatial setting out of box-section roads in the form of a nonclosed polyhedron. The proposed approach to optimizing the road design utilizes the building information modeling for box-section roads in the form of a moving unclosed smooth curvilinear polyhedron.
Cultural and aesthetic functions of Soviet and Russian metro
Authors: Kinsht A. V. , Shamets A. A.
Published: February 2021

The article examines the cultural and aesthetic function in the large closed space, namely the metro, where the need for variety, including aesthetic, is most clearly manifested. The metro diversity is a necessary socio-economic function.

The metro variety is realized through the use of cultural and aesthetic functions that reflect the history and culture. A dramatic expansion of diversity were first used in the design and construction of the Moscow metro.

Such an experience is analyzed using the architecture of the Moscow and Novosibirsk subways. It is shown that the cultural and aesthetic functions remain unchanged despite the change in architectural styles. Over time, the development of such techniques is observed. In addition to the fundamental techniques, which underlie the architectural design of stations, temporary exhibitions appear that reflect the culture and history of the metro and the city. All this contributes to the diversity of the metro environment and maintains the favorable conditions for the society and culture. In particular, the tourist potential and information about the city are being developed. Therefore, the aesthetic diversity can be considered as an important function of the metro.
Whom do Angels Serve? The Teaching of John Philoponus on the Angelic World in the Context of the Christological Controversy of the Mid Sixth-century
Authors: Щукин Тимур Аркадьевич
Published: February 2021

В статье на материале трактата «О сотворении мира» («De opificio mundi») (557-560 гг.) рассматривается ангелология богослова и философа VI в. Иоанна Филопона. Проводится сравнение его учения об ангелах и учения Феодора Мопсуестийского; делается вывод о том, что ключевым расхождением между ними было понимание функции ангельского мира: если для антиохийцев ангел обращён к творению и человеку как его венцу, то для Иоанна Филопона - к Богу. Подвергается сомнению традиционное представление о том, что основным объектом критики Иоанна Филопона был трактат Космы Индикоплова «Христианская топография». Приводятся аргументы в пользу того, что трактат «О сотворении мира» следует рассматривать в русле полемики вокруг богословия Трёх глав 530-550-х гг.

The paper uses the material of the treatise «On the creation of the world» («De opificio mundi») (AD 557-560) to examine the angelology of the sixth-century theologian and philosopher John Philoponus. A comparison is made between his teaching on angels and the teaching of Theodore of Mopsuestia; it is concluded that the key difference between them was the understanding of the function of the angelic world: whereas for the Antiochians the angel is addressed to creation and man as its crown, then for John Philoponus the angel is addressed to God. The traditional idea that the main object of criticism of John Philoponus was the treatise of Cosmas Indicopleustes «Christian Topography» is questioned. It is argued that the treatise «On the creation of the world» should be considered in the context of the Three-Chapter controversy which took place in the 530s-550s.
Starry Sky of the Monk Barsauma. Individual Covenant with God and Origins of the Stylite Movement
Authors: Бумажнов Дмитрий Фёдорович
Published: February 2021

В двух сирийских отрывках из «Жития Барсаумы Самосатского» (V в.) и посвящённой ему гомилии рассказывается о том, как Барсаума, будучи ещё совсем юным монахом, однажды лежал под открытым ночным небом, смотрел на звёзды и испытывал свою совесть. Неожиданно Барсауму охватил ужас и страх. В результате этого переживания он принял решение никогда больше не ложиться и не садиться и провёл остаток жизни стоя. В статье делается попытка объяснить страх Барсаумы и поставить его поведение в контекст представлений сирийских аскетов, известных как сыновья и дочери завета (bnay / bnāṯ qyāmā). Аскезу Барсаумы можно понять как связующее звено между сыновьями завета и зарождающимся движением сирийских столпников. Его завет с Богом следует рассматривать как пример индивидуального завета, который является одной из важнейших богословских основ раннего христианского монашества.

Two passages from the Syriac Life of the 5th century monk Barsauma of Samosata and from a Syriac homily dedicated to him report how young Barsauma was suddenly frightened when lying on the ground at night, looking at the stars and examining his conscience. As a result, Barsauma refuses sitting and lying position and adopts standing during the rest of his life. The article explains the reasons of his fear and argues that Barsauma’s attitude makes sense in the context of the spirituality of the Syriac ascetics known as so-called sons and daughters of the covenant (bnay / bnāṯ qyāmā). According to this reading of the two documents, Barsauma’s behaviour can be understood as a link between the covenanters and the early Syriac stylites. Barsauma’s covenant with God is to be seen as one more example of the individual covenants which played a pivotal role in the making of the early Christian monasticism.
Review of: Kulturelle Veränderungen in Galiläa in der hellenistischen und frührömischen Zeit. Kamen: Hartmut Spenner, 2017. (Kleine Arbeiten zum Alten und Neuen Testament; Bd. 13). 356 S. ISBN 978-3899911886
Authors: Неклюдов Константин Викторович
Published: February 2021

Рецензируемая монография представляет собой издание диссертации, которую автор защитила в университете Кобленц-Ландау. Предметом её исследования стали культурные и этнические изменения в Галилее в течение персидского, эллинистического и раннеримского периодов её истории. Книга включает: Введение (с. 9-15, описывается метод), две основные части (краткий «Обзор галилейских поселений в конце персидского времени» (с. 16) и подробный «Каталог галилейских поселений в эллинистическое и раннеримское время» (с. 17-272), общие выводы (с. 273-281)), а также приложения: «Таблица всех поселений от позднеперсидского до раннеримского периодов» (с. 282-296) и «Таблица непрерывно заселённых мест» (с. 297-301); библиографию и карты.

The monograph under review is an edition of the dissertation which the author defended at the University of Koblenz-Landau. The subject of her research was the cultural and ethnic changes in Galilee during the Persian, Hellenistic and early Roman periods of its history. The book includes: Introduction (pp. 9-15, describing the method), two main parts (a brief "Survey of Galilean Settlements in Late Persian Time" (p. 16) and a detailed "Catalogue of Galilean Settlements in Hellenistic and Early Roman Times" (pp. 17-272), general conclusions (pp. 273-281)), and appendices: "Table of all Settlements from Late Persian to Early Roman Periods" (pp. 282-296) and "Table of continuously inhabited sites" (pp. 297-301); bibliography and maps.
Neumoperitoneo causado por una tuberculosis
Authors: Martínez Sonia , Arroyo Martín Juan José , Patiño Bernal Begoña , Valdivia Pérez Antonio
Published: February 2021

Varón de 86 años que acude a Urgencias por edema en los miembros inferiores. A la exploración presenta discretas molestias abdominales, sin otra clínica acompañante.La analítica muestra una hemoglobina de 8.2 g/dL con un hematocrito del 24%. Se realiza una TC de tórax y de abdomen (fig 1) que objetiva nódulos pulmonares bilaterales de apariencia inflamatoria, derrame pleural y neumoperitoneo masivo, sin evidencia de rotura de víscera hueca. Se mantiene a dieta absoluta y se inicia antibioterapia y nutrición parenteral.Se extraen cultivos, apareciendo mycobacterias en el lavado broncoalveolar. Se diagnostica de tuberculosis diseminada. Se ajusta el tratamiento antibiótico y el paciente mejora progresivamente, siendo dado de alta hospitalaria a los 10 días de inicio del cuadro. En la TC de control a los 3 meses el neumoperitoneo ha desaparecido.El origen más frecuente de neumoperitoneo espontáneo no quirúrgico es el tórax (por tuberculosis, ventilación mecánica, barotrauma, contusión pulmonar, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica…), existiendo también causas abdominales como la neumatosis quística intestinal. Entre el 5 y el 14% de pacientes con neumoperitoneo espontáneo pueden ser manejados de forma conservadora, sin cirugía. Algunas series muestran que hasta en el 44% de los neumoperitoneos no quirúrgicos no se evidencia perforación visceral. Se trata por tanto de una causa de neumoperitoneo no quirúrgico que con un adecuado enfoque clínico y terapéutico permite evitar una intervención quirúrgica. 1,2,3,4,5
الخدمة الوطنية ودورها في مكافحة التطرف الاجتماعي في دولة الإمارات
Authors: Al-Ameeri Khalled Ali Mohammed , Alomosh Ahmad Falah
Published: February 2021

أصبحت قضية التطرف ظاهرة بارزة في المجتمع في العقود الأخيرة واتخذت ابعاد دينية وسياسية ومجتمعية خطيرة وكانت لها عواقب وخيمة ونتائج سيئة وانعكاسات سلبية على الامة والإنسانية بصفة خاصة، فقد أدت هذه الظاهرة الى ظهور مجموعة من السلوكيات الغير مقبولة مثل العنف والتعصب والإرهاب. فجاء قانون الخدمة الوطنية التي كانت له تأثيرات اجتماعية وثقافية وتربوية على الشباب. وتسهم الخدمة الوطنية في ضبط السلوك السوي لدى معظم الشباب من خلال التدريب العسكري، إذ إن التحاقهم بالقطاعات العسكرية يساعد في تخريج جيل من الشباب ملتزم فيعمله وسلوكياته ومطيع لرؤسائه، كما يغرس فيهم الثقة وحب الوطن واحترام الوقت، مع اكتساب مهارات تهيئ الشباب للاعتماد على النفس والقدرة على تحديد خياراتهم المستقبلية بناء على التجربة التي مرواً بها في فترة التدريب. وكل هذا ينعكس تجاه المجتمع حيث أن في صلاح وقوة الشباب ثبات المجتمع و استقراره. تسهم الخدمة الوطنية في تحقيق نتائج اجتماعية مهمة، تساعد على ضبط سلوكيات فئات الشباب وتوجيه طاقاتهم نحو ما هو مفيد، سواء على الصعيد الشخصي أو الأسري، وتعميق الروابط الاجتماعية وروح المواطنة. تساهم الخدمة الوطنية بدور بالغ الأهمية في صقل شخصيات الشباب، وتعزيز الأخلاقيات والسلوكيات الحميدة بين صفوفهم، وترسيخ حب الوطن والإخلاص له، والولاء لقيادته الرشيدة، عقيدة مستدامة عبر الأجيال المتعاقبة.
التلوث البيئي وضرورة التوعية البيئية
Authors: Noman Ibrahim Nawfal , Ahmed Abdul Rahman Mayada
Published: February 2021

تَعد البيئة ومشكلاتها ذات أَهمية كبرى فأَصبحت قضايا البيئة تفرض نفسها على مختلف الأَصعدة والمستويات سواء أَكانت محلية ام اقليمية أَو دولية، فالتلوث البيئي ومخاطره لا يتوقف عند حدود الدولة المسببة له فحسب بل يمتد تأثيره لباقي الدول.

مما شجع الدول الى عقد مؤتمرات وندوات لوضع القوانين التي تحد من ذلك الخطر الذي بات يهدد الكائنات الحية جميعها بما فيها الانسان الذي هو المسؤول الاول لتلك المشكلات، ويعد التلوث البيئي مشكلة العصر الحديث ومن أَبرز قضاياه الذي بات يهدد جميع الدول. والواقع العراقي ليس بمعزل عن هذا التلوث وما زاد الطين بلة الحروب التي شهدها العراق والحصار الاقتصادي وانهيار البنى التحتية بالكامل، مما خلف اثاراً سلبية على البيئة العراقية، وفي هذا الفصل مبحثان الأَول بعنوان (الوعي البيئي)، أَمَّا المبحث الثاني (التنمية والوعي البيئي).
The effect of cold plasma on antioxidant enzymes, minerals, and some of the levels of the biochemical parameters in the subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus samples
Authors: Martirosyan Danik , Mirmiranpour Hossein , Ghomi Hamid , Reza Ashoori Mohammad , Rezaeinezhad Alireza
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Hyperglycemia in people with diabetes mellitus and its lack of control are associated with irreversible consequences. Glycation of proteins and enzymes, especially antioxidant enzymes in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, affects these consequences. Consumption of bioactive compounds containing antioxidants and minerals as well as the use of adjunct therapies, such as cold atmospheric plasma therapy, can be effective in preventing and controlling the consequences of diabetes mellitus.Objective: In this research, we investigated whether cold plasma treatment of diabetic samples was effective in altering the activity of oxidative enzymes, some biochemical elements, and biochemical parameters.Methods: Thirty individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 healthy individuals, as controls, participated in the study. The samples were exposed to cold argon plasma jet for 10 minutes (by a 10 kHz pulsed DC power supply with an amplitude up to 20.0 kV). The following contents of the serum samples of all participants were evaluated according to the instructions of the used kits before and after the cold argon plasma jet treatment: the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes; the concentration of glucose, hydrogen peroxide, and selenium binding protein 1 (as an indicator of blood selenium); and the concentration of copper, zinc, iron, and magnesium.Results: The activity of antioxidant enzymes and minerals significantly increased in diabetic samples treated with cold plasma (P value < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the concentrations of glucose, hydrogen peroxide, or selenium binding protein 1 in diabetic samples treated with cold plasma.Conclusions: Using cold argon plasma jet as an adjunct method, which will reduce the glycation of enzymes and improve some minerals, can reduce the risk of diabetes complications in patients with diabetes mellitus.Keywords:Antioxidant enzymes, Cold plasma, Diabetes mellitus, Minerals.
Computed tomography angiography and microsurgical flaps for traumatic wounds: What is the added value?
Authors: Macedo Lucas Sousa , Rusig Renato Polese , Silva Gustavo Bersani , Cho Alvaro Baik , Hsiang Wei Teng , Bernardelli Iamaguchi Raquel
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Microsurgical flaps are widely used to treat complex traumatic wounds of upper and lower limbs. Few studies have evaluated whether the vascular changes in preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) influence the selection of recipient vessel and type of anastomosis and the microsurgical flaps outcomes including complications. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate if preoperative CTA reduces the occurrence of major complications (revision of the anastomosis, partial or total flap failure, and amputation) of the flaps in upper and lower limb trauma, and to describe and analyze the vascular lesions of the group with CTA and its relationship with complications. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken with all 121 consecutive patients submitted to microsurgical flaps for traumatic lower and upper limb, from 2014 to 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with preoperative CTA (CTA+) and patients not submitted to CTA (CTA–). The presence of postoperative complications was assessed and, within CTA+, we also analyzed the number of patent arteries on CTA and described the arterial lesions. RESULTS: Of the 121 flaps evaluated (84 in the lower limb and 37 in the upper limb), 64 patients underwent preoperative CTA. In the CTA+ group, 56% of patients with free flaps for lower limb had complete occlusion of one artery. CTA+ patients had a higher rate of complications (p = 0.031), which may represent a selection bias as the most complex limb injuries and may have CTA indicated more frequently. The highest rate of complications was observed in chronic cases (p = 0.034). There was no statistically significant difference in complications in patients with preoperative vascular injury or the number of patent arteries. CONCLUSIONS: CTA should not be performed routinely, however, CTA may help in surgical planning, especially in complex cases of high-energy and chronic cases, since it provides information on the best recipient artery and the adequate level to perform the microanastomosis, outside the lesion area.
Shared Genetic Background Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Kim Kiwon , Nho Kwangsik , Myung Woojae , Won Hong-Hee
Published: February 2021

Background:

Whether the epidemiological association of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) is causal remains unclear.

Objective:

We aimed to investigate the shared genetic background between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Aβ and tau pathology and the risk of LOAD.

Methods:

We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We used summary statistics of genome-wide association studies for CSF biomarkers (Aβ1–42 [Aβ], phosphorylated tau181 [p-tau], and total tau [t-tau]) in 3,146 individuals and for LOAD in 21,982 cases and 41,944 controls. We tested the association between changes in the genetically predicted CSF biomarkers and LOAD risk.

Results:

We found a decrease in LOAD risk per one-standard-deviation (SD) increase in the genetically predicted CSF Aβ (odds ratio [OR], 2.87×10–3 for AD; 95%confidence interval [CI], 1.54×10–4–0.05; p = 8.91×10–5). Conversely, we observed an increase in LOAD risk per one-SD increase in the genetically predicted CSF p-tau (OR, 19.46; 95%CI, 1.50–2.52×102; p = 0.02) and t-tau (OR, 33.80; 95%CI, 1.57–7.29×102; p = 0.02). However, only the association between p-tau and the risk for LOAD remained significant after the exclusion of the APOE variant (rs769449).

Conclusion:

We found the causal association between CSF biomarkers and the risk for LOAD. Our results suggest that the etiology of LOAD involves multiple biological processes, including the pathways of Aβ and tau proteins. Further MR studies using large-scale data of multiple candidate biomarkers are needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of LOAD.
White Matter Connectivity in Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Diffusion Spectrum Imaging Study of World Trade Center Responders at Midlife
Authors: Huang Chuan , Kritikos Minos , Clouston Sean A.P. , Deri Yael , Serrano-Sosa Mario , Bangiyev Lev , Santiago-Michels Stephanie , Gandy Sam , Sano Mary , Bromet Evelyn J. , Luft Benjamin J.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Individuals who participated in response efforts at the World Trade Center (WTC) following 9/11/2001 are experiencing elevated incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at midlife.

Objective:

We hypothesized that white matter connectivity measured using diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) would be restructured in WTC responders with MCI versus cognitively unimpaired responders.

Methods:

Twenty responders (mean age 56; 10 MCI/10 unimpaired) recruited from an epidemiological study were characterized using NIA-AA criteria alongside controls matched on demographics (age/sex/occupation/race/education). Axial DSI was acquired on a 3T Siemen’s Biograph mMR scanner (12-channel head coil) using a multi-band diffusion sequence. Connectometry examined whole-brain tract-level differences in white matter integrity. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and quantified anisotropy were extracted for region of interest (ROI) analyses using the Desikan-Killiany atlas.

Results:

Connectometry identified both increased and decreased connectivity within regions of the brains of responders with MCI identified in the corticothalamic pathway and cortico-striatal pathway that survived adjustment for multiple comparisons. MCI was also associated with higher FA values in five ROIs including in the rostral anterior cingulate; lower MD values in four ROIs including the left rostral anterior cingulate; and higher MD values in the right inferior circular insula. Analyses by cognitive domain revealed nominal associations in domains of response speed, verbal learning, verbal retention, and visuospatial learning.

Conclusions:

WTC responders with MCI at midlife showed early signs of neurodegeneration characterized by both increased and decreased white matter diffusivity in regions commonly affected by early-onset Alzheimer’s disease.
Factors affecting in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects: Experimental conditions and nature of oxidants determine antioxidant efficacy
Authors: Niki Etsuo
Published: February 2021

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in the onset and progression of various diseases and the role of antioxidants in the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases has received much attention. The action and effect of antioxidants have been studied extensively under different reaction conditions in multiple media. The antioxidant effects are determined by many factors. This review aims to discuss several important issues that should be considered for determination of experimental conditions and interpretation of experimental results in order to understand the beneficial effects and limit of antioxidants against detrimental oxidation of biological molecules. Emphasis was laid on cell culture experiments and effects of diversity of multiple oxidants on antioxidant efficacy.
Motion sickness diagnostic criteria: Consensus Document of the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society
Authors: Cha Yoon-Hee ,   Advisors: StaabJeffrey P. m BisdorffAlexandre n, Golding John F. , Keshavarz Behrang , Furman Joseph , Kim Ji-Soo , Lopez-Escamez Jose A. , Magnusson Måns , Yates Bill J. , Lawson Ben D.
Published: February 2021

We present diagnostic criteria for motion sickness, visually induced motion sickness (VIMS), motion sickness disorder (MSD), and VIMS disorder (VIMSD) to be included in the International Classification of Vestibular Disorders. Motion sickness and VIMS are normal physiological responses that can be elicited in almost all people, but susceptibility and severity can be high enough for the response to be considered a disorder in some cases. This report provides guidelines for evaluating signs and symptoms caused by physical motion or visual motion and for diagnosing an individual as having a response that is severe enough to constitute a disorder.    The diagnostic criteria for motion sickness and VIMS include adverse reactions elicited during exposure to physical motion or visual motion leading to observable signs or symptoms of greater than minimal severity in the following domains: nausea and/or gastrointestinal disturbance, thermoregulatory disruption, alterations in arousal, dizziness and/or vertigo, headache and/or ocular strain. These signs and/or symptoms occur during the motion exposure, build as the exposure is prolonged, and eventually stop after the motion ends. Motion sickness disorder and VIMSD are diagnosed when recurrent episodes of motion sickness or VIMS are reliably triggered by the same or similar stimuli, severity does not significantly decrease after repeated exposure, and signs/symptoms lead to activity modification, avoidance behavior, or aversive emotional responses.    Motion sickness/MSD and VIMS/VIMSD can occur separately or together. Severity of symptoms in reaction to physical motion or visual motion stimuli varies widely and can change within an individual due to aging, adaptation, and comorbid disorders. We discuss the main methods for measuring motion sickness symptoms, the situations conducive to motion sickness and VIMS, and the individual traits associated with increased susceptibility. These additional considerations will improve diagnosis by fostering accurate measurement and understanding of the situational and personal factors associated with MSD and VIMSD.
PENGARUH KUALITAS INFORMASI TERHADAP INDEKS KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT DI PENGADILAN AGAMA DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA DENGAN KINERJA PELAYANAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Astuti Wijaya Ade Ayu Damayanti
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to provide empirical findings about the effect of information quality on the community satisfaction index with service performance as an intervening variable. This study used a mixed methods research which is combining quantitative methods and qualitative methods to obtain comprehensive results. The research population was all people who filed a lawsuit / petition in the Religious Courts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta> 100 people. The sampling technique in this research used a purposive sampling method. The sample of this research is 100 people who filed a lawsuit / petition in the Religious Courts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Interview informants in this study were 1 employee each in the area of the Religious Courts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The analysis technique used is to use the Partial Least Square (PLS) data analysis tool. The results showed that the quality of information had a positive and significant effect on the community satisfaction index in the Religious Courts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta with service performance as intervening variable. Community satisfaction index can be influenced directly or indirectly. The direct effect is greater than the indirect effect. This means that the mediating variable of service performance has not synergized with the quality of information to increase the community satisfaction index in the Religious Courts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
STUDY ON THE OPTIC NERVE VARIATIONS IN RELATION TO POSTERIOR PARANASAL SINUSES USING CT IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: B Bavin I , Nair M R Balachandran , K Aneesh M , George Divya Acma
Published: February 2021

Background and objectives: Optic nerve has a close relationship with the posterior paranasal sinuses. Depending on the degrees of pneumatization of these sinuses, the optic nerve may indent the sinus wall or protrude into them, predisposing the nerve to injury during sinus surgeries. Aim was to analyse the optic nerve variations in relation to the posterior paranasal sinuses and to categorize the subjects as per DeLano's classification.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 336 patients above 16 years of age who underwent computed tomographic evaluation of head and brain. From volume data, multiplanar reconstructions were made in axial, coronal and sagittal planes and analysed in both bone and soft-tissue windows. Relationship of optic nerve with posterior paranasal sinuses were categorised into 4 types according to DeLano's classification. Bony dehiscence of optic canal and pneumatization of anterior clinoid process were also assessed.

Results: 672 optic nerves were assessed, the most common optic nerve type identified was type 1 (62.6%), followed by type 2 (18.6%). Types 3 and 4 were seen equally in number (9.6% each). Dehiscence of optic nerve canal and pneumatization of anterior clinoid process (ACP) was seen respectively on 66 (9.8%) and 75 (11.2%) sides. Compared to type 1 and 4 optic nerves, dehiscence of bony optic canal was statistically more significant in type 2 and 3 nerves. 45.5% individuals with anterior clinoid process pneumatization had associated optic canal dehiscence, which was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion: Optic nerve variations were identified and classified according to DeLano’s classification. The range was within international limits and type 1 was the most common occurrence. When compared to other similar studies among Indian population, disparity observed in the frequency of optic nerve types and bony optic canal dehiscence in our study, were probably due to differences in ethnicity and size of study group. Association of bony optic canal dehiscence with type 2 & 3 optic nerves and ACP pneumatization with type 3 optic nerve was found to be statistically significant, making them more vulnerable to injury during surgery. Knowledge of optic nerve relation with posterior paranasal sinuses, and its identification in preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan are important to avoid injury to optic nerve.

Keywords: Optic nerve, sphenoid sinus, posterior ethmoid cell, Onodi cell, anterior clinoid process pneumatization, optic canal dehiscence.
MUCOCELE ON LOWER LIP? NOT ALWAYS! A CASE REPORT
Authors: M. Seema , Mohanty Leeky , Srinivasan Shruti , Jamadar Saleha , Y Komali
Published: February 2021

Lesions of the lip that are smooth, spherical, and with same color of the oral mucosa are often diagnosed as traumatic fibromas, or focal fibrous hyperplasia, and mucoceles. Although tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath are uncommon, they must also be included in the list of differential diagnoses of lesions that are nodular involving lower lip. We present a case of a 45 year old male patient who visited our hospital for routine dental examination. On examination a soft swelling was noted on left vermilion border of lower lip extending on to  labial mucosa  measuring about 0.5 * 0.5 cm .A provisional diagnosis of mucocele was given.On histopathological examination, a well circumscribed and partially encapsulated  connective tissue was seen with centrally placed axons surrounded by short interlacing fascicles of palisading spindle shaped cells .