bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi level Transformer less PV Inverter with Reduced Switching Losses and Elimination of CM leakage Current
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronics, PDA College of Engineering, Kalburagi, India., Karur* Bhagyashree , R A Dr. Sanjeevkumar ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics, PDA College of Engineering, Kalburagi, India.
Published: September 2020

In order to have efficient operation of grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) inverter, the issue of leakage current must be completely eliminated. For this new transformerless multilevel inverter is proposed in this paper with (k-1) levels in which k denotes the number of switches. The inverter provides zero common mode leakage current and also capable of operating under half of rated PV voltage, hence make this proposed inverter topology as LVRT (low voltage ride through) capable. Different modes are employed for the stable operation of the proposed inverter with varying input PV voltage. Simulation work is carried out for three, five and seven level proposed inverter topologies in MATLAB/Simulink software which determines its maximum power point tracking performance. Here the THD (Total Harmonic Distortions) of 3, 5 and 7 levels are compared.
Cybersecurity Network Prevention from DDOS Attack in Healthcare System
Authors:   School of Engineering & Technology (Department of CS), Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut, India., Tomar* Ravi , Awasthi Yogesh ,   School of Engineering & Technology (Department of CS), Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut, India.
Published: September 2020

In today’s world of network security, wireless communication attacks such as Distributed Denial of Services (DDoS) attacks are one of the most severe cybercriminal attacks. For the information technology and computer systems, a cyber security rule is required to compel different group as well as businesses to secure their systems and information from cyber-attacks. The occurrence of attacks in the healthcare system is responsible for affecting financial as well as prestige losses the patient. To cyber defense networks from this type of attack, it is essential to design an autonomous detection system by considering some essential countermeasures. Our aim is to detect Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, which is one of the most commonly present cyber-attacks. This research presented an automatic cybersecurity system against DDoS attacks in healthcare applications. This paper focused on deep learning technology along with the concept of a nature-inspired optimization algorithm to detect the affected node. The designed network is simulated in MATLAB tool and provides better results in terms of Packet Delivery Rate, delay and detection rate with Cuckoo Search (CS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as prevention algorithm. In this paper, author has discussed the importance of the information of the patient data in the healthcare. The detail architecture of the health care information system has also been demonstrated and various security requirement are also been discussed. To analyse the performance of this proposed work, the computed metrices are Throughput %, PDR, Detection Rate and Delay.
Battery Lifetime Estimation for LoRaWAN Communications
Authors:   ADEETC, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa and Centre of Technology and Systems, Lisbon, Portugal., Fialho* Vítor , Fortes Fernando ,   ADEETC, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Lisbon, Portugal.
Published: September 2020

Smart Cities concept increased the number of end devices (ED) which allow the acquisition of parameters for further analysis and processing. The actual technologies based on Internet of Things (IoT) enable sensors connectivity to Internet. This feature allows real time acquisition of several physical data important for smart cities monitoring. In order to minimize the power consumption, Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) assumes an important role on the evolution and growing of wireless network sensors. In this particular type of network, LoRaWAN has taken the lead, among other technologies. Typically most end devices need to be powered with batteries, since they are in remote zones. Therefore one important issue to consider is the global power consumption of the end device building blocks: LoRa transceiver, microcontroller unit and sensor unit. This paper presents the study and simulation results supported on LoRa modulation parameters, in order to estimate the battery lifetime, which is useful for IoT remote sensing units. The achieved results denote it is possible to configure LoRa transceiver with similar parameters and different payloads, reaching the same battery lifetime.
Student Grade Prediction
Authors:   Computer department, Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering, Mumbai, India., Mehta* Vruddhi , Adurkar Rajasi ,   Computer department, Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering, Mumbai, India., Srivastava Kriti ,   Computer department, Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering, Mumbai, India.
Published: September 2020

Education is a dominating strand in accomplishing indelible economic progress. It is complex and nuanced. Grades outline the shape of our institutional system. It is the most powerful bargaining chip, at once cherished and dreaded by most students, the unyielding mallet of teachers and parents compressed into a single letter. However, the grading system is not an efficient way to gauge intelligence. The domains of Data Mining (DM) and Business Intelligence (BI) aim at deriving impactful insights from unprocessed data and propose techniques that can encourage a change in the education system. Our work plans to analyze students in secondary year of education using Business Intelligence and Data Mining techniques. These algorithms assist in finding patterns. It covers a broad scope of statistics, machine learning, and database systems. Past evaluations are influential in their performance. Insightful research shows that there are some other pertinent features (for example, department, age, romantic relations, outings, and goals). The methodology uses seven different algorithms and compares them to find the most suitable one. Visualizations help understand each factor thoroughly. As a result of this research, we can also analyze the reason behind a student’s achievements. Each student faces several hurdles. The system should not focus only on improving student’s grades but should also be concerned with the other aspects affecting their scores. The paper presents the research of the factors affecting the student’s grades the most.
Innovating Fire Detection System Fire using Artificial Intelligence by Image Processing
Authors:   MSc IT Student East College, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, Ghadani* Salim Said AL , Jayakumari Dr. C. ,   Faculty, Dept. of Computing, Middle East College, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Published: September 2020

with fires spreading increasingly around the world due to increasing global warming, it has become imperative to develop an intelligent system that detects fires early, using modern technology. Therefore, we used one of the artificial intelligence techniques, which is deep learning, which is one of the popular methods now. Professionals have done a lot of research, experiments, and coding software to detect fires using deep learning. Through this paper, we review current methods that are reached by industry professionals, as well as data sets and fire detection accuracy for each method.
Lifetime Responsive Depth Based Routing for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network using Hybrid Soft Computing Technique with Optimal Delay
Authors:   Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun, India., Verma* Pushpendra. R. , Kumar Amit ,   Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun, India., Swapnil Sajal ,   Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, NIT Kurukshetra, Haryana, India., Ranjan Rakesh ,   Vice Chancellor, Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun, India.
Published: September 2020

Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is an emerging technology that has been used for different applications such as warning systems for disasters, monitoring the ecosystem, drilling of the oil, defense surveillance. Although underwater communication may be accomplished using electromagnetic or optical waves, but these methods are not feasible for practical UWSN, due to signal attenuation. UWSN faces several issues like restricted bandwidth, irregular node mobility, increased delay etc. which affects the routing behavior. In this paper, an optimal delay and lifetime aware depth based routing (ODLDR) protocol is proposed. Protocol first introduced the group partitioning algorithm for cluster formation that minimizes the energy consumption of network then an efficient priority based scheduling algorithm is proposed for trust computation, which helps in finalizing the CH and routing path. The ODLDR protocol is tested with the high density nodes in Network Simulator (NS2) tool. The simulation results shows the effectiveness of the ODLDR protocol in terms of energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, positioning accuracy, end-to-end delay, throughput and network lifetime.
Maximum Power Point Tracking using Grey Wolf Technique Under Fast-Changing Irradiance
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India., Debbarma* Rubi , Nandi* Dr. Champa ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using Grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is presented using MATLAB/Simulink. As we know that meta-heuristic or nature-inspired algorithm has proven to be superior in performance compared to the conventional MPPT methods. Grey Wolf optimization algorithm is a meta-heuristic algorithm based on the hunting behaviour of grey wolves. The proposed system includes modelling of PV system under changing irradiance and the MPPT control is driven by GWO algorithm. Most of the conventional MPPTs are unable to track multiple peaks and also shows oscillations on the output side, for this reason proposed MPPT algorithm is used in this paper. For eliminating oscillations, this algorithm has proven to be better compared to perturb and observe (P&O) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results are compared in terms of output power.
Decision Optimization: Internet Data Assistance for Students during Learning from Home
Authors:   dept of Informatics, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda City, Indonesia., Budiman* Edy
Published: September 2020

The teaching and learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic made it difficult for students to provide internet data packages for access online learning media from home. An internet assistance program policy is provided to support student online learning. In order for the distribution of internet data to students is objective and proportion, for that reason, measuring the amount of data usage and then used in decision making. The method used in measuring data usage is the Drive-test method for incoming and outgoing data bandwidth. As for the analysis of data assistance decision making using the optimization method and the Rank Order Cendroid (ROC) weighting method for each criterion. Measurement results of internet data usage obtained an average value of 407MB-1.0GB per hour with 40 participants in the group. The results of the decision making analysis method for internet data assistance obtained the highest optimization value obtained by 0.40117 with a weighted ROD value of 0.4667. The research study on internet data usage and optimization of decision-making methods is a case study in the Computing classification field: networks and applied computing. Both are implemented in management optimization internet data assistance to students.
Empirical Analysis of Robust Chaotic Maps for Image Encryption
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRMIST, Chennai, India., Ayyappan* Sonal , Lakshmi C ,   Department of Software Engineering, SRMIST, Chennai, India.
Published: September 2020

The rate of transferring data in the form of text, image, video or audio over an open network has drastically increased. As these are carried out in highly sophisticated fields of medicine, military and banking, security becomes important. In- order to enhance security for transmission, encryption algorithms play a vital role. So as to enhance the proficiency of the existing encryption methods and for stronger anti attack abilities, chaotic based cryptography is essential. Chaotic based encryption has advantages of being sensitive to initial conditions and control parameters. Images have features like bulk data capacity and high inter pixel correlation. Transmission of such medical data should be highly confidential, integral and authorized. Hence chaos-based image encryption is an efficient way of fast and high-quality image encryption. It has features like good speed, complexity, highly secure, reasonable computational overhead and power. In this paper a comprehensive analysis and an evaluation regarding the capabilities of different discrete time domain chaotic maps were carried out on a proposed image encryption method. The experimental results show high efficiency for the proposed image encryption technique.
Development and Analysis of Combinational Pico-Energy Generation Framework
Authors:   PhD Scholar JJTU and currently working as Assistant Professor in JSPM’s Bhivarabai Sawant Institute of Technology and Research Institute, Wagholi. Pune,Maharashtra,India, Patil* Mrs. Manjusha Sham , Mulla Dr.Anwar M ,   Doctorate in Electrical Engineering currently working as Principal in Shivaji University,Maharashtra,India
Published: September 2020

Alternative energy is extracted via unlimited resources. Appropriate practice of energy assets is a great debate heading these times. It is extremely significant to determine of which resource needs to be employed and for what reason. Number of points just like cleanness, expense, steadiness, effectiveness and so geographical impacts needs to be considered. Because of India getting the world’s 4th leading emitter of Carbon Dioxide, it is vital to figure out what precisely the India's exhausts are presently as well as, just where these may be advancing. Considering India’s early on level of monetary evolution, poor per-capita exhausts and so its significant populace, certainly, there is distinctive probability to get its exhausts to boost. Hence, certainly, there is a requirement of option to lessen this carbon foot printing as per Kyoto protocol. Hence, this paper presents the methodology to lower the carbon foot printing by means of combinational Pico-energy generation.
THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE MORALITY OF MUSLIM YOUTHS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ahmadu Bolanle, Folami,
Published: September 2020

The study aims at shedding light on the positive and negative effects of social media on the lives of Muslim youths’ in Nigeria. although, it is an avenue to reach out to people, gather and spread information to one another in the Muslim domain. However, the youths have also lost their dignity through it, because it is another avenue for fraudulent activities. The work examines the effects of both electronic and print media on the socio-religious spheres of Muslim youths. The ability to use the media for “ networking” has played a significant role in the lives of these youths. As technology continues to evolve, including the means to connect and communicate in cyberspace, young Muslims see it as an opportunity for them to be heard. The researcher employed the use of qualitative and quantitative data analysis in carrying out this study as well as conducting structural interviews inorder to elicit useful information. The research finally suggests that, despite the positive effects of social media on Muslim youths’ through Facebook, Twitter, Instagram WhatsApp, e.t.c in passing meaningful information across the board its negative effect of promoting moral decadence like character assassination, media violence, nudity, obscene movies and videos that have challenged the moral values of a practicing Muslim were not to be overlooked.
Strongyloides stercoralis infection among HIV infected individuals in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Akindele Akeem A. , Adegbola Samuel A. , Ojo Johnson A. , Odewale Gbolabo , Opaleye Oluyinka O. , Mabayoje Victor O. , Ojurongbe Olusola
Published: September 2020

Strongyloides stercoralis is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions and hyper-infection and dissemination could occur in immunocompromised patients. Regular parasitic assessment of HIV patients is needed to prevent disseminated S. stercoralis infection. This study therefore determined the prevalence of S. stercoralis among HIV individuals in Osogbo, Nigeria using stool microscopy and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) .Stool and serum samples were collected from HIV individuals who were receiving antiretroviral treatment at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital Osogbo, Nigeria. Stool samples were examined for S. stercoralis by microscopy. Serology was performed using commercially available ELISA kit to detect parasite-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG).Out of 188 (55 males and 133 females) HIV-infected individuals recruited for the study, 8.5% were positive for S. stercoralis by microscopy while 16.0% were positive by ELISA and 39 (20.7%) HIV individuals were positive with any of the two methods. The highest detection rate (73.1%) was observed with ELISA while microscopy recorded a detection rate of 39%. HIV individuals with CD4 ≤200 had a significantly higher prevalence (29.5%) compared with those with CD4 ≥200 (22.4%) (p = 0.0064).The findings of this study show that the combination of both ELISA and microscopy may improve the problem associated with the diagnosis of S. stercoralis in Nigeria.
A novel report of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 gene from animal and human feacal samples in Nigeria
Authors: Olowe Olugbenga A. , Olowe Rita A. , Oluremi Adeolu S. , Adefioye Olusolabomi J.
Published: September 2020

Background: The mobilized colistin resistance (m cr)-1 gene confers transferable colistin resistance. Reports of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPE) have attracted substantial attention. However, in Nigeria, there is no report of mcr-1 gene resistance. Since colistin is a last resort for multiple drug-resistant isolates, this study therefore report the prevalence of mcr-1 gene among E. coli isolated from human and animal sources.
Methods: Out of a total of 280 samples collected from animal and hum an faecal samples from selected farms in Oyo and Osun States, Southwestern Nigeria between July 2015 and June 2016, 60 E. coli were identified using standard microbiological methods. The mcr-1 gene was detected in the isolates by conventional PCR assay.
Results: The m cr-1 gene was low and not statistically significant (p≥0.05). It was detected in 5 (8.3%) of 60 E. coli isolates (4= animals; 1= human)
Conclusion: This study is the first report of mcr -1 gene from E. coli from human and animal sources in Nigeria. This calls for urgent caution in the use of colistin in animal husbandry.
Low levels of Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity in two Nigerian communities bordering the Niger River
Authors: Idakwo Joshua , Idowu Emmanuel T. , Oyebola Kolapo M. , Otubanjo Olubunmi A.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Extensive genetic diversity of malaria parasites is a major draw back to ongoing control
efforts. Population-specific investigation of genetic structure of the parasite is important for effective malaria intervention in endemic populations such as Nigeria where about one-third of the global burden of the disease is borne. This study describes the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in the Niger River basins, North-Central Nigeria.
Methodology: Parasite DNA w as extracted fr om finger -prick blood samples collected from eighty P. falciparum positive individuals. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) genotyping was carried out to target K1, MAD20 and R033 allelic families of Merozoite Surface Protein (MSP) -1 gene and FC27 and 3D7 allelic families of MSP-2 gene.
Results: Proportion of isolates with K1 family w as 28(70%) with two alleles in Idah and 16(40%) with two alleles in Ibaji. Proportion of isolates with MAD20 family was 8 (20%) and a total of two alleles were observed in Idah and 4(10%) with two alleles in Ibaji. RO33 proportion was 16 (40%) in Idah one allele and 8(20%) in Ibaji where the allelic family was also observed to be monomorphic. K1 was the most predominant MSP1 allele in the two parasite populations and the frequency of FC27 genotype was higher than 3D7 in both populations. Multiplicity of infection (Mol) with MSP-1 loci was higher in Ibaji (1.30) than Idah (1.05) while MoI with MSP-2 loci was lower in Ibaji (2.00) than Idah (2.13). However, there is no significant difference in the mean Mol between Idah and Ibaji (P > 0.05). The expected heterozygosity (HE) value was 0.56 for MSP-1 and 0.84 for MSP-2.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed high levels of monoclonal infections with P. falciparum, suggesting low parasite diversity. This may be a pointer to a reduction in malaria transmission in the river basins.
Biochemical Properties of Rhodanese from Almond (Prunus amygdalus) Nuts
Authors: Ehigie Adeola F. , Abdulrasak Mohammed A. , Ehigie Ona L.
Published: September 2020

Study of the characteristic pattern of enzymes are useful in the understanding of certain physiological and biochemical process-es. Thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferase (rhodanese) is a ubiquitous multifunctional enzyme, that is believed to function in cyanide detoxification. The present study was conducted to determine the activity of rhodanese in almonds (Prunus amygdalus) that belong to the rose family, rosaceae. Rhodanese from the almond nuts was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange and affinity chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified rhodanese from the almond nuts had a specific activity of 5.09 RU/mg with yield of 0.06%. A Km value of 11.14 mM with Vmax 0.46 RU/ml/min were obtained from KCN while a Km value of 13.95 mM with Vmax of 0.48 RU/ml/min was obtained from Na2S2O3. The substrate specificity studied indicated that Mercapto-ethanol (MCPE), Ammonium per sulfate ((NH2)2S2O8, Ammonium sulfate ((NH2)2SO4, Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and Sodium metabi-sulfate (Na2S2O5) cannot be substituted for sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) as sulphur donor for rhodanese catalytic reaction. The optimum activity of the enzyme was observed at 50oC and an optimum pH of 8. The effect of metals on rhodanese from Almond nut showed that at 1 mM concentration of the metals used did not pronouncedly affect the activity of the enzyme metals except that of HgCl2 and MnCl2. However, the divalent metals including MnCl2 HgCl2, CaCl2, and BaCl2 inhibited the enzyme at 10 mM concentration. The molecular weight obtained from sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was estimated to be 35 kDa. The study validates the expression of rhodanese activity in almond nut. The characteristic property of rhodanese in the plant may be exploited for bioremediation of cyanide polluted soil.
Abundance and Distribution of Odonates (Dragonflies and Damselflies) In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Kemabonta Kehinde A. , Essien Rosemary , Adu Babasola W. , Ogbogu Sylvester U. , Iysa Abdussalam , Uche-Dike Rhema
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Odonates are used as bio-indicators for monitoring habitat degradation both on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem because of their sensitivity to anthropogenic activities. They serve an important role in the ecological food chain by consuming aquatic larvae and being in turn consumed by birds and various amphibians. This study is part of the ongoing research on the diversity of Odonate species of Nigeria. The objective is to determine the abundance and distribution of odonates in Akwa Ibom State and to compare the species diversity across the various sites in Akwa Ibom State.
Methodology: Akwa Ibom state was divided into six areas namely Ikot Akpaden, Obio Akpa, Ikot Okoro, Ikot Udofia, Urua Udofia and Obio Ndot using biotypes and a study site was randomly selected in each area. Adult members were captured using a sweep net and were preserved for identification using morphological features.
Results: A total of 767 odonates were collected at the six study sites representing 24 species, 16 genera and four families namely Libellulidae (77%), Coenagrionidae (21%), Calopterygidae (>1%) and Chlorocyphidae (>1%). Most of the species collected were members of family Libellullidae (77%) with Palpopleura lucia having the highest occurrence (41%) and found in all the sites. Family Calopterygidae and Chlorocyphidae had less than 1% population of the total individuals collected. Ikot Okoro had the highest number of individuals (238) and the least evenness (e^H/S=0.3292) while Ikot Akpaden, which had the least effect of anthropogenic intrusion had the largest diversity of Odonata species (H’=2.387). Obio Ndot had the most evenly distributed Odonata species (e^H/S=0.8028). There was no statistical difference in the occurrence of dragonflies across all study sites (p= 0.238).
Conclusion: The high occurrence of family Libellulidae which are anthropogenic tolerant, and the absence of more highly localized species indicate that most of the study sites have been degraded and may not be fit for species with narrow niches. It is therefore vital to conserve the Odonata community by implementing proper forest management techniques.
Healthcare associated infections caused by plasmid-encoded blaKPC and blaNDM strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Okunlola Abigail T. , Olowe Olugbenga A. , Taiwo Samuel S.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP) has recently emerged as major cause of healthcare associated infections (HAIs). These strains are now classified by the US Center for Disease Control as superbugs of urgent concern. This study investigated the occurrence of CPKP in HAIs among hospitalized patients in University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan.
Methods: Non-duplicate specimens obtained from 250 patients with clinical HAIs were cultured by standard microbiological methods over a period of 6 months. K. pneumoniae was identified using GNB 24E Microbact kit and invitro susceptibility to selected antibiotics was performed by the disk diffusion test. Carbapenemase production was tested by Modified Hodge technique. K pneumoniae carbapenemase (blaKPC) and New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (blaNDM) genes were detected by conventional PCR assay. Data were analyzed for the 50 (20%) patients who were culture positive for K pneumoniae infections.
Results: Isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%), cefuroxime (96%), amoxicillin (92%), gentamicin (86%), nitrofurantoin (80%), ciprofloxacin (80%), ceftazidime (78%) and ofloxacin (72%) but 76% were sensitive to meropenem. No carbapenemase enzyme was detected but 8 of 12 iso-lates resistant to meropenem carried blaKPC while 2 carried both blaKPC and blaNDM genes. The study shows that blaKPC and blaNDM K pneumoniae are involved in clinical infections in Ibadan.
Conclusion: This study reports the second case of K pneumoniae NDM clinical infection in Nigeria. There is need to strengthen the infection control programme of Nigerian hospitals to prevent nationwide spread of these organisms.
Characterization of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus Isolated from Neonatal, Postnatal and Labour Wards in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Egwuatu Tenny G.O. , Olalekan Adesola O. , Orkeh Godwin O. , Egwuatu Tochukwu F. , Rotimi Vincent O. , Ogunsola Folasade T.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an important etiological agent of hospital infections but its epidemiological significance has not been studied in our institution. We therefore determine the prevalence, colonization rates and source of hospital-acquired Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MRSH) in Lagos, Nigeria.
Methods: Axilla and umbilicus swab samples were collected from neonates (346), hand, nasal and axilla from health care workers (125), HVS from mothers (26) at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) and also samples from the environment (28). Using standard bacteriological methods, the samples were screened for S. haemolyticus. Possible person–to-person transmission was investigated by means of pulsed field gel electrophoresis.
Results: Out of 525 samples collected, 112 (21.3%) were S. haemolyticus of which 17 (15.2%) were (MRSH). Neonates’ samples had 8 (15.0%) MRSH and 6 (30%) were Medical Doctors had their samples positive for MRSH. Also, 3 (11.1%) nurses’ samples were MRSH. None of the S. haemolyticus obtained from the mothers and the environment was MRSH. Pulsed field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) identified three main PFGE types (Type 1, 2 and 3) in the hospital. Type 1 and type 3 from babies in Neonatal unit. Type 2 and type 3 in babies from post-natal ward. Four doctors in the labour and neonatal wards had type 1 which was also recovered from a nurse on the labour ward.
Conclusion: It appeared that the source of MRSH was from the hand and anterior nares of Healthcare workers in labour ward and Neonatal unit. This further highlights the need for proper infection con-trol practice in the institution, especially single use of gloves for patients’ management.
Eimeria Species and Haemosporidia of Domestic Chickens and Guinea Fowls Sold at Selected Poultry Markets in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Emmanuel T. , Adeyemi Oluwayomi O. , Ezenwanne tephen C. , Otubanjo Olubunmi A. , Ajayi Morakinyo B.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Parasitic diseases are a major setback to sustainable poultry production. This study determined the occurrence of Eimeria species and haemosporidia among domestic chickens and helmeted guinea fowls in live-bird markets in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Methods: Blood samples and intestinal contents at three distinct segments of the gut were collected from 60 domestic chickens and guinea fowls each. Wet smears of intestinal contents were microscopically examined for oocysts typical of Eimeria species while thin films of blood were Giemsa-stained for the demonstration of protozoa.
Results: Results revealed that 19(31.7%) and 21(35%) chickens and guinea fowls w er e positive for Eimeria spp. infection respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in Eimeria spp. infections between the chicken breeds nor between sexes of both birds. Oocysts of Eimeria were mostly recovered from the caeca and small intestines of the guinea fowls and chickens respectively. Domestic chickens were infected with three different haemoprotozoa: Plasmodium spp. (23.3%), Leucocytozoon spp. (6.7%) and Haemoproteus spp. (3.3%); while Plasmodium spp. (15%) and Haemoproteus spp. (3.3%) were the only blood protozoa infecting guinea fowls. The infection rates of haemosporidia between the breeds of chickens and the sexes of both birds did not differ significantly (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Eimeria parasites and haemosporidia are prevalent among chickens and guinea fowls sold in Lagos State. To prevent severe economic losses in the future, appropriate control measures should be designed and implemented.
Differential Prevalence of Malaria Infection in Rural and Urban Out-Patient Clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Olusegun-Joseph Taiye S. , Oboh Mary A. , Ovioma Godwin O. , Fagbohun Ifeoluwa K. , Okorafor Uneke , Aina Deborah D.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Nigeria is a country with diverse weather conditions supporting the substantial breeding of mosquitoes resulting in high malaria transmission. Mapping of malaria prevalence in areas with ongoing trans-mission is critical for effective distribution of control interventions. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in two different (rural and urban setting) endemic communities within a hypo-endemic state (Lagos) of Nigeria.
Methodology: The study targeted patients visiting clinics in both Ijede and Gbagada General Hospital between September and November 2017. All patients visiting each of the two hospitals with febrile complaints were recruited into the survey. Blood samples collected were examined using the standard thick and thin films stained with Giemsa.
Results: A total of 342 participants were screened out of which 108 (31.6%) were positive for P. falciparum by microscopy in both centers (Ijede centre 90 [43.9%]; Gbagada 18 [13.1%]). Children aged 1-10 years had the highest prevalence (43.6%) in both locations and this rate was significantly higher (P=0.001) in Ijede (63%) than in Gbagada (17%). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in infection rate between male (31.9 %) and female (31.3%) participants in both sites.
Conclusion: These findings give an overview of the “freedom of establishment” of malaria in an under-resourced area where all conditions serve as motivation for the breeding of malaria vectors. Distribution of control measures should strategically target rural areas where the burden of infection is high, and inhabitants of such areas have a disproportionate access to health care.
Low Knockdown Resistance Frequency In Anopheles Gambiae Complex Resistant To Some Who-Approved Insecticides In Selected Areas Of Lagos State, South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Taiwo E. , Oyeniyi Tolulope A. , Omodara Tolulope O. , Otunbanjo Olubunmi A. , wolola Samson T. A
Published: September 2020

Background: Decline in malaria prevalence is usually attributed to the efficient vector control strategies implemented in such endemic areas. The spread of insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes is a major drawback to the gains in malaria vector control. Here we assessed the susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to some selected WHO-approved insecticides and frequency of knockdown resistance gene in two Local Government Areas of Lagos State, Nigeria.
Methods: Three to five days old adult female mosquitoes were exposed to deltamethrin, permethrin and bendocarb. Knockdown time was recorded every ten minutes and % mortality taken at 24hr post exposure. KDT50 and KDT95 were determined using probit regression analysis. The resistant mosquitoes were used for species identification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays and characterized for the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation by allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR).
Results: The results of twenty-four hour post exposure mortality rate showed that mosquitoes sampled at differ-ent locations were resistant to permethrin (39% mortality for Lagos Mainland L.G.A.; 45% for Kosofe L.G.A.), del-tamethrin (51% for Lagos Mainland L.G.A; 68% for Kosofe L.G.A), but susceptible to bendiocarb (100% for Lagos Mainland L.G.A.; 99% for Kosofe L.G.A.). The KDT50 varied from 34 minutes in bendiocarb for both LGAs to 190 minutes in deltamethrin for Kosofe and 119 minutes in permethrin for Lagos Mainland. In all insecticides tested for both LGAs, KDT95 was greater than 60 minutes. Only the 1014F kdr mutation was detected. The overall kdr frequen-cy was low (1.79%). There was no significant association between the presence of the 1014F kdr allele and ability of Anopheles mosquitoes to survive exposure to the tested insecticides (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: This level of resistance to WHO approved insecticides is a threat to control programs and can have significant operational impact, if action is not taken.
Chemical and Mineral Compositions of Ostrich (Struthio camelus) egg in Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria
Authors: Amao Rasheed S.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Egg quality and its components are important indices to consumers, and the economic success of producers depend on the total number of eggs sold. Egg quality is based on the characteristics of the eggs that affect its acceptability, and the egg components are of nutritional importance. Therefore, the study was carried out to determine the chemical and mineral compositions of ostrich eggs found in southern guinea savannah environ of Nigeria.
Methods: Eighty freshly laid eggs were obtained from Ostrich birds in Old Oyo National Park and were used for the experiments. Data were obtained for chemical composition on moisture, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, cholesterol and ash components separately for both albumen and yolk of the eggs while mineral composition observed were Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Iron, copper, Zinc and Manganese.
Results: The findings on chemical composition revealed that the protein (17.35), moisture (85.59) and ash contents (1.90) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in albumen than in yolk. The carbohydrate (0.98), lipid (30.47) and cholesterol (13.40) contents mean percentages were higher in yolk than in albumen. The mineral compositions of albumen and yolk of ostrich eggs indicated that the yolk as a content had the higher values of 135.35, 380.40, 20.35, 10.38, 2.25, 1.85 and 2.50 ppms in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese respectively than these variables in albumen while albumen contents was only higher in potassium (160.25 ppm) than in the yolk.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the information provided in this study could be a template of criteria for comparison and improvement for Ostrich eggs in the environment.
Influence of High Pressure EGR System in reducing Nitrogen Oxide
Authors: Ladha Akash
Published: September 2020

Influence of High Pressure EGR System in reducing Nitrogen Oxide
Analisis Eliminasi Multiple Menggunakan Metode F-K Filter dan Transformasi Radon Parabola
Authors: Agustina Khayrunnisa , Triyoso Wahyu
Published: September 2020

Penjalaran gelombang seismik di dalam bumi terpengaruh oleh banyak faktor atau noise yang menyebabkan distorsi, salah satunya adalah gelombang multiple. Gelombang multiple pada beberapa kasus mengganggu citra dari penampang seismik sehingga dapat menyebabkan kesalahan pada saat interpretasi data. F-K Filter dan Transformasi Radon Parabola merupakan metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengeliminasi multiple yang memanfaatkan perbedaan moveout antara event primer dan multiple dengan mengubah data dari domain t-x ke domain lain setelah sebelumnya dilakukan koreksi NMO. Metode F-K Filter dan Transformasi Radon Parabola diaplikasikan pada data sintetik seismik 2D untuk melihat kelebihan dan kekurangan kedua metode tersebut dalam mengeliminasi multiple dan melihat efek padatrendnilai amplitudo sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan proses eliminasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Transformasi Radon Parabola lebih baik daripada F-K Filter dalam mengeliminasi multiple karena F-K Filter masih menyisakan multiple yang cukup kuat terutama pada near oﬀset.
Identiﬁkasi Reservoir Menggunakan Metode Short Oﬀset Transient Electromagnetic
Authors: Prasetyo Donny , Assiddiqy Muhammad Hasbi , Warsa Warsa
Published: September 2020

Metode Short Oﬀset Transient Electromagnetic (SHOTEM) merupakan metode geoﬁsika elektromagnetik domain waktu yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan variasi nilai resistivitas di bawah permukaan tanah sebagai informasi acuan untuk melakukan identiﬁkasi tubuh anomali khususnya reservoir. Selain sinyal hasil pengukuran yang didapatkan sudah bebas dari pengaruh sinyal sumber, metode SHOTEM unggul dari segi jangkauan kedalaman investigasi dan resolusi dibanding menggunakan konﬁgurasi transient electromagnetic (TEM) lainnya. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan data lapangan di 18 titik sounding yang didapat dari penggunaan metode SHOTEM. Beberapa tahapan pemrosesan data yang memanfaatkan sifat gelombang, prinsip statistika, dan pendekatan numerik dilakukan untuk membersihkan data dari noise, lalu dilakukan pemodelan ke depan dan pemodelan inversi satu dimensi menggunakan software IX1D untuk menghasilkan model resistivitas satu dimensi bawah permukaan. Model resistivitas satu dimensi tersebut di interpolasi agar menghasilkan citra variasi resistivitas dua dimensi untuk mengidentiﬁkasi tubuh anomali di bawah permukaan daerah pengukuran data lapangan tersebut. Dari model yang dihasilkan, terdapat anomali resistivitas tinggi yang berasosiasi dengan keberadaan reservoir hidrokarbon di rentang kedalaman 800 – 1000m pada daerah penelitian. Error RMS fungsi objektif pemodelan yang tidak stabil dan sebaran nilai resistivitas yang ekstrem pada 18 model satu dimensi menimbulkan kecenderungan model yang dihasilkan tidak representatif. Hasil tersebut dapat disebabkan data yang masih mengandung noise akibat sistem pengukuran dan noise akibat pengaruh ﬁtur geologi lokal yang belum dikompensasi.
Pemodelan Fisika Batuan untuk Analisis Hubungan Porositas Kritis dan Faktor Konsolidasi terhadap Kualitas Reservoir Batupasir, Formasi Cibulakan Bawah, Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara
Authors: Marcelina Bella , Winardhi Ignatius Sonny
Published: September 2020

Tahap eksploitasi dilakukan untuk memproduksi minyak bumi dan gas secara optimal. Tahapeksploitasi memerlukan perhitungan yang matang dimana target eksploitasi harus memiliki kualitasreservoir yang baik. Kualitas reservoir dicerminkan oleh besarnya rasio antara porositas danpermeabilitas. Batuan reservoir dengan kualitas yang baik memiliki rasio permeabilitas yang besar danporositas yang besar pula. Selain rasio permeabilitas dan porositas, parameter lain yang dapatmemengaruhi kualitas reservoir adalah kandungan mineral lempung di dalam suatu batuan. Nilaikandungan mineral lempung ini diperoleh dari data X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Namun ketersediaandata permeabilitas dan data XRD terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan memberikan cerminanparameter elastis yang dapat menjadi indikator kualitas reservoir. Penelitian ini dilakukan denganmenggunakan data set batupasir Formasi Cibulakan Bawah, Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara denganmetode pemodelan fisika batuan, yaitu model Nur dan model Pride. Untuk dapat melakukanpemodelan ini, diperlukan nilai modulus elastis mineral (Kmin dan μmin) yang diperoleh dari pendekatanHashin-Shtrikman rata-rata, Dvorkin dan Krief. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Kmin = 16,5 GPadan μmin = 23,5 GPa. Parameter elastis hasil pemodelan Nur, yaitu Ø/(1-(μdry/μmin)) berkorelasi baikdengan permeabilitas, sedangkan pada model Pride menunjukkan hasil yang kurang baik. Kandunganmineral lempung sangat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas reservoir dimana semakin besar kandunganmineral lempung maka kualitas reservoir semakin buruk. Karena keterbatasan data fraksi mineral,maka dalam penelitian dicari parameter yang sebanding dengan fraksi mineral lempung, yaitu .Parameter Ø/(1-(μdry/μmin)) dan berbanding terbalik sehingga kedua parameter tersebut dapatdikombinasikan menjadi satu parameter yang mengindikasikan kualitas reservoir, yaitu [].
APLIKASI METODE BAYESIAN DALAM PREDIKSI LITOLOGI MENGGUNAKAN PARAMETER ELASTIK DARI INVERSI SEISMIK
Authors: Wahyudya Ayu , Winardhi Ignatius Sonny
Published: September 2020

Dalam eksplorasi minyak dan gas, interpretasi litologi diperlukan untuk mengkarakterisasi reservoir. Padaumumnya data sumur dan data seismik diintegrasikan menggunakan metode inversi menggunakanparameter elastik yang paling sensitif untuk membedakan litologi. Untuk melakukan prediksi litologiberdasarkan parameter elastik ini, digunakan metode Bayesian dalam menghitung probabilitas litologiberdasarkan data sumur. Prinsip dari metode Bayesian adalah nilai probabilitas dapat diperbaiki denganpenambahan parameter yang digunakan. Namun penambahan parameter ini mengakibatkan adanyaperhitungan kompleks Bayesian sehingga perlu dilakukan Linear Discriminant Analysis untuk mereduksidimensi parameter yang digunakan. Untuk optimalisasi hasil, penambahan parameter juga dapatdisimplifikasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan Caers. Hasil dari metode ini dapat diaplikasikan ke hasilinversi seismik, namun terdapat perbedaan frekuensi antara data log sumur dengan data seimik. Sehinggakeefektifan metode Bayesian akan dihitung berdasarkan penurunan filter frekuensi pada data log sumursebagai simulasi data inversi seismik. Pada penelitian ini, LDA menghasilkan sumbu diskriminan litologiyaitu sumbu hasil rotasi parameter Vp/Vs dan meningkatkan prediksi litologi sebesar 2.64%. Denganpendekatan Caers, didapatkan hasil interpretasi litologi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penggunaanmetode Bayesian satu parameter, dimana rata-rata nilai penebakan yang benar dari prediksi litologi naiksebesar 1.13%. Aplikasi metode Bayesian pada simulasi data inversi seismik menunjukkan bahwa frekuensiterendah seismik yang masih dapat menghasilkan interpretasi yang baik adalah low pass filter 60-70 darisimulasi data inversi seismik menggunakan data log.
Identifikasi Hidrokarbon Gas Dengan Menggunakan Atribut Energy-weighted AVO pada Lapangan Penobscot, Kanada
Authors: Aries Ashari , Triyoso Wahyu
Published: September 2020

Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) adalah teknik yang sering digunakan sebagai indikator keberadaan hidrokarbon pada data seismik. Teknik ini secara matematis menggunakan pendekatan terhadap persamaan Zoeppritz untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan amplitudo sebagai fungsi dari sudut datang dan menghubungkannya dengan sifat batuan dan kandungan fluida yang ada di dalamnya. Pada penelitian ini, atribut baru, Energy-weighted AVO, digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan hidrokarbon pada lapangan Penobscot, Kanada. Prinsip utama atribut ini adalah meningkatkan respon anomali yang berkaitan dengan hidrokarbon sekaligus mengatenuasi seismik background di sekitar anomali. Keunggulan atribut ini adalah mampu membedakan respon anomali hidrokarbon terhadap anomali lain yang disebabkan oleh litologi seperti batubara. Selain itu, atribut ini aplikatif terhadap data seismik pre-stack maupun post-stack.
Pemodelan Penyebaran Massa CO2 Terinjeksi dalam reservoir untuk Mendapatkan Respon Anomali Time-lapse microgravity di Permukaan
Authors: Rahmani Dinda , Dahrin Darharta
Published: September 2020

Dalam proyek CCS, monitoring bawah permukaan perlu dilakukan dengan baik agar CO2 yang diinjeksikan dapat tersimpandengan aman di dalam reservoir. Salah satu metode geofisika yang dapat digunakan untuk monitoring bawah permukaan adalah metode gravity. Dengan membuat model sintetik volume reservoir, tekanan dan temperatur bawah permukaan, serta perhitungan aliran fluida pada rentang waktu tertentu, dapat diprediksi radius penyebaran CO2 dan distribusi densitasnya di dalam reservoir. Radius penyebaran dan kontras densitas yang didapatkan, digunakan untuk pemodelan ke depan time-lapse microgravity dengan menggunakan software MATLAB versi R2012a yang telah divalidasi dengan software yang sudah ada sebelumnya, GRAV3D versi 2.0. Berdasarkan perhitungan dan pemodelan yang telah dilakukan, diketahui peningkatan tekanan bottomhole mengakibatkan perubahan sifat fisis CO2 yang mempengaruhi radius penyebarannya. Kemudian, respon anomali time-lapse microgravity yang dihasilkan menunjukkan kecenderungan nilai anomali yang terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya massa CO2 yang diinjeksikan. Nilai anomali setengah maksimum dan radius yang didapatkan pada hari ke 720, yaitu 1,323 x 10-1µGal dan 631,688 m untuk penyebaran massa CO2 di dalam reservoir sejauh 96,436 m. Dari kurva perbandingan tekanan reservoir terhadap tekanan fracture dan litostatik pada hari ke 720, didapatkan nilai tekanan pada kedalaman reservoir yang diinjeksikan CO2 masih jauh di bawah tekanan fracture dan litostatik, sehingga penambahan massa dari injeksi CO2 yang dimodelkan ini sangat kecil berpotensi untuk menimbulkan rekahan baru pada formasi. Dengan demikian, hasil pemodelan penyebaran CO2 dan distribusi densitasnya dalam reservoir, yang dikaitkan pula dengan perbandingan tekanan reservoir terhadap tekanan fracture dan litostatik, dapat digunakan untuk menentukan aman atau tidaknya injeksi CO2 yang dimodelkan.