bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Satisfaction Surveys: Offering an Enhanced Patient Experience for Optimum Outcomes in the Pediatric Orthopaedic Practice
Authors: Henstenburg Jeffrey , Shah Suken A. , Carrion Rose , Josephson Gary
Published: April 2022

As we navigate to provide the best patient care and outcomes, the patient experience has shown to be a driver that improves quality. Patient experience surveys are the primary means of measuring the perception of the care received. Positive patient experience has been linked to better patient compliance, decreased health care costs, decreased liability, and improved outcomes. Physician wellbeing and improved job satisfaction is a recognized additional benefit. Strategies have been developed to achieve these goals, enhance our practice and improve our work satisfaction and the patient experience.
e-Cigarette Use and Combustible Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Youth: Accounting for Time-Varying Exposure and Time-Dependent Confounding
Authors: Harlow Alyssa F. , Stokes Andrew C. , Brooks Daniel R. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Barrington-Trimis Jessica L. , Ross Craig S.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Youth e-cigarette use is associated with the initiation of combustible cigarette smoking, but prior studies have rarely accounted for time-varying measures of e-cigarette exposure or time-dependent confounding of e-cigarette use and smoking initiation.

Methods:

Using five waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (2013–2019), we estimated marginal structural models with inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights to examine the association between time-varying e-cigarette initiation and subsequent cigarette smoking initiation among e-cigarette– and cigarette-naïve youth (12–17 years) at baseline. Time-dependent confounders used as predictors in inverse probability weights included tobacco-related attitudes or beliefs, mental health symptoms, substance use, and tobacco-marketing exposure.

Results:

Among 9,584 youth at baseline, those who initiated e-cigarettes were 2.4 times as likely to subsequently initiate cigarette smoking as youth who did not initiate e-cigarettes (risk ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1, 2.7), after accounting for time-dependent confounding and selection bias. Among youth who initiated e-cigarettes, more frequent vaping was associated with greater risk of smoking initiation (risk ratio ≥3 days/month = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4, 2.2; 1–2 days/month = 1.2; 95% CI = 0.93, 1.6 vs. 0 days/month). Weighted marginal structural model estimates were moderately attenuated compared with unweighted estimates adjusted for baseline-only confounders. At the US population level, we estimated over half a million youth initiated cigarette smoking because of prior e-cigarette use over follow-up.

Conclusions:

The association between youth vaping and combustible cigarette smoking persisted after accounting for time-dependent confounding. We estimate that e-cigarette use accounts for a considerable share of cigarette initiation among US youth. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B937.
Hemoglobin Video Imaging Detects Differences in Aqueous Outflow Between Eyes With and Without Glaucoma During the Water Drinking Test
Authors: Lusthaus Jed A. , Meyer Paul A.R. , McCluskey Peter J. , Martin Keith R.
Published: April 2022

Précis:

Hemoglobin video imaging (HVI) demonstrates increased aqueous outflow (AO) in response to the water drinking test (WDT) in patients with and without glaucoma. In glaucomatous eyes, increased AO was not sustained, and characteristic flow patterns were seen.

Purpose:

To observe how variations in intraocular pressure (IOP) correlate with the flow of aqueous in episcleral veins.

Design:

Prospective observational cohort study.

Participants:

The WDT increased AO into the episcleral venous system in 30 eyes recruited from Sydney Eye Hospital. A comparison was made between glaucomatous (n=20) and nonglaucomatous eyes (n=10).

Methods:

Each patient had baseline IOP and HVI before drinking 10 mL/kg body weight of water. IOP and HVI were then repeated every 15 minutes for 1 hour. Aqueous column cross-sectional area (AqCA) of the most prominent nasal and temporal aqueous veins was used to semi-quantify conventional AO.

Main Outcome Measures:

Change in IOP and AqCA from baseline during the WDT. Aqueous flow characteristics were also observed.

Results:

Peak IOP elevation above baseline was significantly higher in the glaucoma group, with an average IOP rise of 39.7% on 1.6

1.1 medications, compared with 22.9% in the control group (P=0.04). AqCA significantly increased for glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous eyes in response to water ingestion (P<0.05). AqCA fell by 50% in glaucomatous eyes (P=0.003) and 33% in nonglaucomatous eyes (P=0.08) at study completion compared with the peak measurement. IOP remained >30% elevated in 8 glaucomatous eyes (40%) after 60 minutes and no control eyes. Variations in qualitative aqueous flow patterns were observed in glaucomatous eyes but not in controls.

Conclusions:

AO volume, estimated by AqCA, increases in response to IOP elevation induced by an ingested water bolus in patients with and without glaucoma. The increase in aqueous drainage was not sustained in glaucomatous eyes and may have led to incomplete recovery of IOP. Using HVI in combination with the WDT may assist with clinical decision-making and facilitate the monitoring of responses to treatment.
Liver Transplantation in Hepatitis B/Hepatitis D (Delta) Virus Coinfected Recipients
Authors: Martini Silvia , Tandoi Francesco , Romagnoli Renato , Rizzetto Mario
Published: April 2022

Hepatitis D is caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV); it is the most severe form of viral hepatitis in humans, running an accelerated course to cirrhosis. There is no efficacious therapy, and liver transplantation provides the only therapeutic option for terminal HDV disease. However, HDV infection is prevalent in poor countries of the world with no access to liver transplant programs; liver grafting has been performed in high-income countries, where the prevalence of the infection has much diminished as a secondary effect of hepatitis B virus vaccination, and the demand for liver transplantation outlives in aging cirrhotics who acquired hepatitis D decades ago. This review describes the evolution of liver transplantation for HDV disease from its inception in 1987 to the present time, with an outlook to its future. It reports the progress in the prophylaxis of HDV reinfections to the success of the current standard of indefinite combination of hepatitis B virus antivirals with immunoglobulins against the hepatitis B surface antigen; however, the unique biology of the virus provides a rationale to reducing costs by limiting the administration of the immunoglobulins against the hepatitis B surface antigen.
The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Solid Organ Transplantation: Two Years Into a Pandemic
Authors: Nimmo Ailish , Gardiner Dale , Ushiro-Lumb Ines , Ravanan Rommel , Forsythe John L. R.
Published: April 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a major global impact on solid organ transplantation (SOT). An estimated 16% global reduction in transplant activity occurred over the course of 2020, most markedly impacting kidney transplant and living donor programs, resulting in substantial knock-on effects for waitlisted patients. The increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection risk and excess deaths in transplant candidates has resulted in substantial effort to prioritize the safe restart and continuation of transplant programs over the second year of the pandemic, with transplant rates returning towards prepandemic levels. Over the past 2 y, COVID-19 mortality in SOT recipients has fallen from 20%–25% to 8%–10%, attributed to the increased and early availability of SARS-CoV-2 testing, adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions, development of novel treatments, and vaccination. Despite these positive steps, transplant programs and SOT recipients continue to face challenges. Vaccine efficacy in SOT recipients is substantially lower than the general population and SOT recipients remain at an increased risk of adverse outcomes if they develop COVID-19. SOT recipients and transplant teams need to remain vigilant and ongoing adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions appears essential. In this review, we summarize the global impact of COVID-19 on transplant activity, donor evaluation, and patient outcomes over the past 2 y, discuss the current strategies aimed at preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection in SOT recipients, and based on lessons learnt from this pandemic, propose steps the transplant community could consider as preparation for future pandemics.
HLA Homozygosity and Likelihood of Sensitization in Kidney Transplant Candidates
Authors: Rushakoff Joshua A. , Gragert Loren , Pando Marcelo J. , Stewart Darren , Huang Edmund , Kim Irene , Jordan Stanley , Lindblad Kelsi , Zhang Xiaohai , Lalli Peter , Patel Jignesh K. , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Kransdorf Evan P.
Published: April 2022

Background.

Homozygosity for HLAs has been associated with adverse outcomes after viral infection as well as pregnancy-induced HLA sensitization. We sought to assess the relationship between HLA locus homozygosity and the level of HLA antibody sensitization.

Methods.

We measured sensitization using the calculated panel reactive antibody value for a large cohort of 147 461 patients added to the US OPTN/United Network for Organ Sharing kidney transplant waitlist between December 2014 and December 2019. We used multinomial logistic modeling to compare 62 510 sensitized patients to 84 955 unsensitized controls.

Results.

We found that the number of homozygous HLA loci was strongly associated with the level of sensitization. Within mildly, highly, or extremely sensitized candidates, women displayed a higher relative abundance of HLA homozygosity at multiple HLA loci as compared with men, with attenuation of this effect in Black candidates. In a multivariable logistic model, the number of homozygous HLA loci interacted with female sex but not with other factors associated with sensitization, including recipient ethnicity and a history of prior kidney transplant.

Conclusions.

This study shows that HLA homozygosity is an innate genetic factor that affects the likelihood of HLA sensitization. Further research is needed to identify the immunologic mechanisms that underlie this observation.
Intrathecal daptomycin use in a challenging case of Enterococcus faecium ventriculitis
Authors: Dhariwal Ankush , Leff Rachel , Allen Mike , Cherian Benny
Published: April 2022

Treatment of ventriculitis caused by enterococci can be challenging, and antibiotic options are limited. We describe a case of device-related ventriculitis caused by vancomycin-resistant

Enterococcus faecium

, refractory to initial antibiotics. Our management approach included intrathecal daptomycin. There were no attributable adverse events, and the patient remained infection-free following ventriculo-peritoneal shunt insertion and cessation of antibiotics.
Dissemination of a single ST11 clone of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae within a large polyclonal hospital outbreak determined by genomic sequencing
Authors: Lázaro-Perona Fernando , Dahdouh Elias , Sotillo Alma , Pérez-Blanco Verónica , Villa Jennifer , Viedma Esther , Ruiz-Carrascoso Guillermo , Mingorance Jesús
Published: April 2022

The population structure of a set of OXA-48-producing

Klebsiella pneumoniae

isolates belonging to sequence type 11 (ST11 Kp-OXA) and obtained from two hospitals in Madrid in the period from 2012 to 2015 was studied by genome sequencing. Overall, 97 ST11 Kp-OXA isolates were sequenced and their population structure and demography were studied by Bayesian phylodynamic analysis using core-genome SNVs. In total, 92 isolates were from Hospital La Paz, 57 of them from two selected units. The remaining five isolates were from different units of Hospital Doce de Octubre. Altogether, 96 out of the 97 ST11 Kp-OXA isolates could be ascribed to a single lineage that evolved into three sublineages. Demographic inference showed an expansion of the ST11 Kp-OXA in the first half of 2013 in agreement with the registered incidences. Dated phylogeny showed transmission clusters within hospital wards, between wards and between hospitals. The ST11 Kp-OXA outbreak in Hospital La Paz was largely due to the expansion of a single clone that was transmitted between different units and to Hospital Doce de Octubre. This clone diverged into three sub-lineages and spread out following a mixed mode of neutral core-genome evolution with some features of antibiotic selection, frequent large deletions and plasmid loss and gain events.
Distinct cellular dynamics associated with response to CAR-T therapy for refractory B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Haradhvala Nicholas J. , Leick Mark B. , Maurer Katie , Gohil Satyen H. , Larson Rebecca C. , Yao Ning , Gallagher Kathleen M. E. , Katsis Katelin , Frigault Matthew J. , Southard Jackson , Li Shuqiang , Kann Michael C. , Silva Harrison , Jan Max , Rhrissorrakrai Kahn , Utro Filippo , Levovitz Chaya , Jacobs Raquel A. , Slowik Kara , Danysh Brian P. , Livak Kenneth J. , Parida Laxmi , Ferry Judith , Jacobson Caron , Wu Catherine J. , Getz Gad , Maus Marcela V.
Published: April 2022

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Approximately half of patients with refractory large B-cell lymphomas achieve durable responses from CD19-targeting CAR-T treatment; however, failure mechanisms are identified in only a fraction of cases. To gain novel insights into the basis of clinical response, we performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing of 105 pre- and post-treatment peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples, and infusion products collected from 32 individuals with high-grade B cell lymphoma treated with either of two CD19 CAR-T products: axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) or tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel). Expansion of proliferative memory-like CD8 clones was a hallmark of tisa-cel response, whereas axi-cel responders displayed more heterogeneous populations. Elevations in CAR-T regulatory cells (CAR-Tregs) among non-responders to axi-cel were detected, and these populations were capable of suppressing conventional CAR-T cell expansion and driving late relapses in an in vivo model. Our analyses reveal the temporal dynamics of effective responses to CAR-T therapy, the distinct molecular phenotypes of CAR-T cells with differing designs, and the capacity for even small increases in CAR-Tregs to drive relapse.
Human Papillomavirus Infection Rate by Genotype and Vaccination Rates in Canada: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2009 to 2013
Authors: Chao Yi-Sheng
Published: April 2022

Background

An infection with certain HPV genotypes can lead to cancer or genital warts. HPV can be detected with PCR-based tests, and some genotypes can be prevented by vaccines. However, since the infection rates of various HPV genotypes have not been well reported, the present study aims to provide this information.

Methods

The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) is an ongoing biannual national survey. Between 2009 and 2011, it sampled a nationally representative sample of females aged 14 to 59 years to determine the infection rates of 46 HPV genotypes. Females aged 9 to 29 years and 9 to 59 years were asked whether they received HPV vaccines between 2009 to 2011 (cycle 2) and 2012 to 2013 (cycle 3), respectively. The reported infection rates and vaccination proportions were weighted and adjusted for the survey design.

Results

Among the estimated 10,592,968 females aged 14 to 59 years at cycle 2, the HPV genotypes with the highest infection rates were 16, 62, 74, and 54, and the rates were 3.42% (95% CI = 1.67% to 5.17%), 2.14% (95% CI = 0.68% to 3.59%), 2.1% (95% CI = 0.51% to 3.69%), and 2.04% (95% CI = 0.38% to 3.7%), respectively. There were an estimated 6,569,100 and 11,603,752 females aged 9 to 29 and 9 to 59 years at cycles 2 and 3, respectively. The proportions receiving a HPV vaccine were 13.55% (11.18% to 15.92%) and 12.3% (9.8% to 14.79%), respectively. The estimated numbers of females that received HPV vaccines were 890,197 and 1,427,000, respectively.

Conclusion

Canada is one of the few countries that conduct national surveys to determine HPV infection rates by genotype, which are not limited to the surveillance of carcinogenic genotypes. Our study found discrepancies between the HPV genotypes whose infections were the most common, that could be detected by PCR tests, that were carcinogenic, and that could be prevented by vaccines. For example, 5 of the 7 genotypes (42, 54, 62, 66, and 74) with infection rates of more than 1% cannot be detected by PCR tests and are not targeted by vaccines. HPV 51 is carcinogenic, associated with genital warts, and can be detected by PCR tests, but it is not targeted by vaccines. We recommend a better alignment of the genotypes targeted by HPV tests and vaccines with those genotypes with the highest infection rates in Canada.
The HH-GLI2-CKS1B network regulates the proliferation-to-maturation transition of human cardiomyocytes
Authors: Waldron Christina J. , Kelly Lauren A. , Kawakami Yasuhiko , Abrahante Juan E. , Magli Alessandro , Ogle Brenda M. , Singh Bhairab N.
Published: April 2022

Cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation and maturation are highly linked processes, however, the extent to which these processes are controlled by a single signaling axis is unclear. Here, we find the Hedgehog (HH)-GLI2-CKS1B cascade regulates the transition between proliferation and maturation in hiPSC-CMs. Initially, we found a significant enrichment of GLI2-signaling in CMs from patients with ischemic heart failure (HF) or dilated-cardiomyopathy (DCM), indicating initiation of fetal programs in the stressed heart. Developmentally, we showed downregulation of GLI-signaling in adult human CM, adult murine CM, and in late-stage hiPSC-CM. In early-stage, proliferative hiPSC-CM, inhibition of Hh- or GLI-proteins enhanced CM maturation. Mechanistically, we identified CKS1B, a new effector of GLI2 and showed that GLI2 binds the CKS1B promoter to regulate its expression. CKS1B overexpression in late-stage hiPSC-CMs led to increased proliferation with loss of maturation. Thus, the Hh-GLI2-CKS1B axis regulates the proliferation-maturation transition and provides targets to enhance cardiac tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.
Demographic expansions and the emergence of host specialization in genetically distinct strains of the tick-transmitted bacteriumAnaplasma phagocytophilum
Authors: Aardema Matthew L. , Bates Nina V. , Archer Qiana E. , von Loewenich Friederike D.
Published: April 2022

Bacteria species that must obligately replicate in vertebrate host cells make up a large proportion of the prokaryotic pathogens with human and veterinary health implications. In such bacterial taxa, extrinsic processes play an important role in influencing the phylogenetic diversity of viable hosts (‘host range’). These processes include both changes in host population densities and shifts in host geographic distributions. In Europe, distinct genetic strains of the tick-vectored bacteriumAnaplasma phagocytophilumcirculate among mammals in three discrete enzootic cycles. To date, the factors that contributed to the emergence of these strains have been poorly studied. Here we show that the strain which predominately infects roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is evolutionarily derived. Its divergence from a likely host-generalist ancestor occurred after the last glacial maximum as mammal populations, including roe deer, recolonized the European mainland from southern refugia. We also provide evidence that this host-specialist strain’s effective population size (Ne) has tracked changes in the population of its roe deer host. Specifically, both host and bacterium appear to have undergone substantial increases in Neover the past 1,500 years. In contrast, we show that while it appears to have undergone a major population expansion starting ∼3,500 years ago, in the past 500 years the contemporary host-generalist strain has experienced a substantial reduction in genetic diversity levels, possible as the result of reduced transmission opportunities between competent hosts.

IMPORTANCE

The findings of this study are some of the first to examine specific events in the evolution of host specialization in a naturally occurring, obligately intracellular bacterial species. They show that host range shifts and the emergence of host specialization may occur during periods of population growth in a host-generalist ancestor. The results discussed here also show the close correlation between demographic patterns in host and pathogen for a specialist system. These findings have important relevance for our understanding of the evolution of host-range diversity. They may inform future work on host-range dynamics and provide insights for understanding the emergence of pathogens which have human and veterinary health implications.
Vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 against Omicron and Delta outcomes in adolescents
Authors: Buchan Sarah A. , Nguyen Lena , Wilson Sarah E. , Kitchen Sophie A. , Kwong Jeffrey C.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Data on vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Omicron in adolescents are limited. We estimated 2-dose and 3-dose VE against Omicron and Delta in adolescents aged 12-17 years in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

We conducted a test-negative design study among SARS-CoV-2-tested adolescents aged 12-17 years between November 22, 2021 (date of first Omicron detection) and March 6, 2022; we assessed Delta outcomes prior to January 2, 2022. We used multivariable logistic regression to compare the odds of vaccination in cases to symptomatic test-negative controls and calculated VE as 1-adjusted odds ratio.

Results

VE was lower against symptomatic Omicron infection than against Delta and decreased more rapidly over time, from 51% (95%CI, 38-61%) in the 7-59 days following a second dose to 29% (95%CI, 17-38%) after 180 days, compared to 97% (95%CI, 94-99%) and 90% (95%CI, 79-95%) for the same intervals against symptomatic Delta infection. Overall, 2-dose VE against severe outcomes caused by Omicron was 85% (95%CI, 74-91%) ≥7 days following a second dose and estimates were similar over time. VE against symptomatic Omicron infection was 62% (95%CI, 49-72%) ≥7 days following a third dose.

Discussion

Two-dose VE against symptomatic Omicron infection wanes over time in adolescents. While lower than observed against Delta, protection against severe outcomes appears to be maintained over time. A third dose substantially improves protection against Omicron infection, but 3-dose VE is only moderate at approximately 60% in the early period following vaccination and the duration of this protection is unknown.
Understanding women’s help-seeking for problematic and unhealthy alcohol use through the lens of complexity theory
Authors: Cane Tam Chipawe , Newton Paul , Foster John
Published: April 2022

Purpose

It is well established that women face multiple barriers accessing treatment for problematic and unhealthy alcohol use, but less is known about how their interconnected problems affect how they seek help from, and access, alcohol-treatment services. This study aims to explore the dynamic nature of women’s help-seeking for problematic and unhealthy alcohol use and how this can be compounded by unsuitable treatment services, especially when women present with complex needs.

Design/methodology/approach

Thirteen semi-structured interviews with women who had accessed alcohol-support services were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically using the complexity theory.

Findings

For women with complex needs, the process of seeking help may trigger unpredictable behaviours, health or social problems and intermittent serial access to treatment. Current services do not always address women’s holistic needs. Unless services focus on addressing interconnected problems – including historic trauma – they may compound the complexity of women’s problems. Complexity theory offers novel insights into this process, a concept not applied to problematic and unhealthy alcohol use treatment previously.

Research limitations/implications

Services should adopt the complexity-focused perspective featured in this study. While the authors acknowledge the increase in gender-responsive provision, the limitations of this study include a small sample size, the self-selecting nature of the sample and retrospective reporting. Participants were recruited and selected by service staff resulting in gatekeeping and possible sampling bias.

Practical implications

Services should adopt non-linear approaches to treatment. Implementing complexity approaches to treating women’s problematic and unhealthy alcohol use should capture the dynamics, complexity and non-linear nature of women’s help-seeking journeys as well as their internal and external responses that may result in relapse. The authors recommend complexity-focused, multiple-component and integrated collaborative strategies to address not only addiction but also all components of women’s needs, including past trauma.

Originality/value

Applying complexity-thinking to help-seeking experiences for alcohol treatment and recovery services is novel and proved useful in understanding the variety of women’s experiences and how these interact with their help-seeking behaviours, including treatment environments.
Effect of social media addiction on eating behavior, body weight and life satisfaction during pandemic period
Authors: Ayyıldız Feride , Şahin Gülşah
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between social media addiction and eating behavior, eating disorder risk, body weight and life satisfaction in university students during pandemic period.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consists of 1,411 university students. Data were collected using online questionnaire and Scale of Social Media Usage Motives, Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), SCOFF Eating Disorders Scale and Life Assessment Scale were used in the study.

Findings

Of the participants, 79.7% had different levels of social media addiction. Body weight and body mass index (BMI) values of those with high social media addiction were significantly higher than those in the non- and low-addicted group (p < 0.05). There was a positive relationship between social media addiction and duration of social media use, social media addiction and emotional and external eating behaviors and a negative relationship between social media addiction and life satisfaction (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in eating disorder risk according to social media addiction groups (p = 0.823). Individuals in the nonaddicted social media group had the highest Life Assessment Scale score (p < 0.01).

Originality/value

Social media addiction was prevalent among university students, and it was related to BMI, eating behavior and life satisfaction. It is necessary to be more careful in the use of social media, which has increased in the pandemic period. Trainings to reduce the use of social media can positively affect eating behavior and contribute to the prevention of obesity and increasing life satisfaction.
Young adults’ default intention: influence of behavioral factors in determining housing and real estate loan repayment in India
Authors: Thomas Sherin Susan , George Jossy P. , Godwin Benny J. , Siby Amala
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The primary purpose of this paper is to determine the role of behavioral characteristics of young adults on housing and real estate loan default intentions. The behavioral factors considered in this study are financial literacy, materialism, emotions, indebtedness and risk perception.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample frame comprises of young clients who have taken house loans and work in India’s metropolitan cities. These cities provide a higher quality of life, more employment possibilities and cheaper living costs. A systematic questionnaire was used, which was divided into six components. A total of 352 valid responses were collected and analyzed through a structural equation model.

Findings

The findings suggest that financial literacy, materialism and risk perception have a considerable impact on loan default intention among young adults. The results also ascertained that emotion and indebtedness do not have a considerable impact on loan default intention among young adults.

Research limitations/implications

The scope of this study is limited to India’s metropolitan cities. Future studies can examine comparative examinations of young adults working in the public and private sectors and those working in different cities across India.

Practical implications

This paper contributes to a better understanding of behavioral variables which may lead to the creation of preventive measures for young defaulters. The findings of this study will help financial institutions to improve their credit-offering models.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to determine the role of behavioral attributes of young adults on housing and real estate loan default intentions in India. This work will be executable to all the stakeholders of the housing and real estate industry altogether.
Technology-based business incubators: the impacts on resources of startups in Brazil
Authors: Dourado Freire Clarissa , Sacomano Neto Mário , Moralles Herick Fernando , Rodrigues Antunes Luiz Guilherme
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the influence of technology-based business incubators (TBIs) on the resources of technology startups in Brazil. The authors identify which resources are offered and explore the importance of resources for TBIs and startups. The theoretical background is based on the resource-based view, the resource dependency theory and total factor productivity.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is characterized by a descriptive approach. The method includes a multiple case study and a survey. For data collection, we conducted interviews with three managers from TBIs and distributed questionnaires to 30 startup founders. The content analysis supports the identification of the resources, while the quantitative approach explores the relationship between total factor productivity and resources.

Findings

Resources are the linkage between startups and TBIs, promoting the development and continuity of these organizations. Among the resources offered by TBIs, the most representative is physical resources, due to the early stage of startups. TBIs do not offer financial resources directly but facilitate access through networks with other actors.

Research limitations/implications

The research implications depict the importance of resources as a link between TBIs and startups. The results highlight how TBIs play an important role in promoting entrepreneurship and innovation in the context of emerging economies such as Brazil.

Originality/value

This article performs a multi-theoretical analysis, addressing the perspectives concerning resources. No previous study has used this combination of perspectives to analyze the relationship between TBIs and startups in Brazil, filling the gap about this subject in emerging economies.
Quality, resilience, sustainability and excellence: understanding LEGO’s journey towards organisational excellence
Authors: Dahlgaard Jens Jörn , Anninos Loukas N.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to reflect on quality, sustainability and resilience as emerging organisational priorities within total quality management (TQM) and organisational excellence.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a conceptual approach based on reflection and theoretical studies on the philosophical foundations of quality, excellence, resilience and sustainability as cornerstones for organisational excellence. Bearing in mind that sustainable excellence rests upon a combination of systemic and soft issues that define organisational ability for resilience and sustainability, there is a need to analyse and reflect on short business cases from world-leading companies and further reflect on the fundamental principles, which have helped such companies to survive, grow and sustain. This study includes such a business case – the LEGO case. In addition, a Japanese case has been included. Japanese training material on human motivation developed in the 1980s exemplifies how company managers were trained, at that time, to understand and practice human motivation, excellence principles and tools.

Findings

Organisational excellence constitutes an evolving concept as the world becomes more chaotic and interconnected with multiple disruptive shocks. Organisational excellence challenges the inflexibilities of Newtonian mindsets, recognising the paramount importance of interactions and further underlining the significance of invisible elements such as human potentiality, motivation and values that formulate the principles of organisational excellence.

Originality/value

The paper investigates the notions of quality, resilience and sustainability and their relation to motivation and organisational excellence within the framework of business management and TQM. A world-leading company – LEGO – will be used to exemplify the theoretical findings together with the Japanese Motivation Training Programme case.
Role of social sustainability for financial inclusion and stability among Asian countries
Authors: Malik Arsalan Haneef , Jais Mohamad Bin , Md Isa Abu Hassan , Rehman Awais Ur
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Asia is the largest and most densely inhabited region in the world. Despite exhibiting an extremely expeditious economic growth, the majority of the world population categorized as poor resides in Asia, with more than a billion people financially excluded. This study aims to assess how social sustainability (SS) may increase financial inclusion (FI) and maintain financial stability (FS) in Asia.

Design/methodology/approach

Established on the stakeholder theory, the study analyzed the association among SS, FI and FS in Asia, employing a generalized method of moment’s estimation. The mediation of FI was also investigated in the relationship between SS and FS. Moreover, this study has analyzed the alternative proxies for the variables of interest to ensure dynamic results.

Findings

The findings point toward a positive association among SS, FI and FS. Furthermore, FI is observed to be undertaking a partial mediating role between SS and FS.

Practical implications

This study emphasizes that both SS and FI have individual parts in the amelioration of FS in Asia, whereas previous studies implied that FI is a mere tool for stimulating SS. Hence, Asian policymakers must keep these outcomes in mind due to their simultaneous contribution to FS.

Originality/value

The relationship between SS, FI and FS has received little attention in the literature. No previous study has deduced that increasing SS may instigate an increase in FI and FS. Additionally, quite contrary to previous studies that relied on narrow indicators, this study develops a broad measurement of SS by considering a wide range of crucial indicators for a sustainable society.
Redefining the role of young farmers: participatory action youth-led urban agriculture
Authors: DeMarsh Nicholas
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The research illustrates the impact of young people shaping a community-based program.

Design/methodology/approach

From the perspective of a youth educator, this research uses participatory action research (PAR) in youth urban agriculture education.

Findings

Findings illustrate how youth-led programming creates new processes, revealing new educational opportunities. Outcomes of education programs are strengthened by engaging with students in ways that interest them.

Practical implications

Findings illustrate opportunities for social network bonding through community-based farm stands and challenges in social network bridging through Community Supported Agriculture (CSAs).

Originality/value

Previous articles have noted the need for practitioner perspective in youth education. Scholars have also noted the lack of research that assesses the role of youth urban agriculture programming to advance community engagement. This article contributes to both.
Rise and fall (and recovery?) of the blueberry business in Argentina: an analysis of private and public–private strategies
Authors: Aggio Carlos , Milesi Darío , Verre Vladimiro , Zanazzi Leonardo , Lengyel Miguel
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand how Argentina has successfully developed a non-traditional export business such as blueberry, explain the causes of the most recent competitive crisis and analyze the emerging public–private strategies as a response.

Design/methodology/approach

The unit of analysis of this study is the blueberry agro-system which is a complex network of backward, forward and lateral linkages with specialized buyers, suppliers, institutions and other economic agents. Considering the qualitative and relational nature of the dimensions studied, a case study methodology was adopted. The data were collected from primary and secondary sources through in-depth interview techniques and documentary analysis. These techniques were complemented by the processing of quantitative information to enrich the analysis and put the case into a broader context.

Findings

The main finding of this study is that Argentina's export-oriented business model based on off-season high prices and scarcity of supply in the Northern Hemisphere markets must be revised and reformulated. This revision, already underway, was triggered by the Peruvian competition and is driven by the firm compromise of companies and chambers and in many cases has the backing of public bodies; this revision is an open-ended process in which the success of efforts to recreate profitability and competitiveness of the sector is not guaranteed.

Research limitations/implications

The case study methodology implemented in the study implies that the main findings cannot be directly extrapolated to other fruits or crops. In fact, lessons and policy implications for other sectors should be conceived with caution. Another limitation is that the research relies on the perspectives of domestic stakeholders who have to respond and adapt to specific rules established by traders and supermarkets. The views and perspectives of these big companies, which manage a buyer-driven global value chain, could not be incorporated and is an area for further research.

Originality/value

The study uses the concept of temporal window to analyze the business opportunity for off-season fresh fruits exports. This concept is a key to understand both the development of a modern value chain in a South American country to market blueberries in the Northern Hemisphere and the crisis created by the emergence of new more competitive suppliers such as Peru. The main explanatory factors are historical, technological, institutional, firm-related and market.
Motivations as predictors of religious tourism: the Muslim pilgrimage to the city of Mecca
Authors: Hassan Tahani , Carvache-Franco Mauricio , Carvache-Franco Wilmer , Carvache-Franco Orly
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Religious tourism is one of the oldest and fastest-growing segments. This study analyzes religious tourism through the pilgrimage of Muslims to the holy city of Mecca and has the following objectives: (1) establish the motivational dimensions of religious tourism; (2) identify the motivational dimensions that predict the satisfaction of religious tourism and (3) determine the motivational dimensions that predict return, recommend and say positive things about religious tourism applied to the pilgrimage to a sacred city.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consisted of Muslim pilgrims who had visited Mecca. The sample was collected in Bahrain, a country located on the Persian Gulf, where most of its population is Muslim. A total of 380 valid questionnaires were obtained online. For the data analysis, factorial analysis and the multiple regression method enter were performed.

Findings

The results show that religious motivations are more important when visiting a sacred city than secular ones. Three motivational dimensions were found: religious, social and cultural and shopping. The three dimensions found have a significant relationship with satisfaction and loyalty. Likewise, it was found that the religious motivational dimension is the factor that most predicts satisfaction and loyalty in the behavior of religious visits to a sacred city.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of the present study was the temporality in which the sample was taken because the demand may vary at another time of the year and therefore vary its results.

Practical implications

The authors of the study recommend that holy cities increase the religious motivations of these travelers by periodically researching their needs and organizing services to suit their desired spiritual experience. Also, to improve the social and cultural part, travel agencies and tourist companies to Mecca should promote social and cultural motivation among travelers in an appropriate way by providing service packages that involve visits to cultural and social sites such as museums and cultural centers.

Social implications

This research will serve as a management guide for public institutions and private companies to develop more efficient planning in religious destinations and sacred cities.

Originality/value

This study is the first to analyze the construct of motivations in the pilgrimage to the city of Mecca, to then establish what the main motivations are that predict satisfaction and loyalty in a religious city. Thus, its results provide important information for tourist destination managers and tourism service providers.
The role of blameworthiness in the federal probation sentencing of corporate environmental offenders
Authors: Homer Emily M. , Higgins George E.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the federal sentencing of organizational probation for environmental offenders using the focal concerns. Those organizations that are more blameworthy should be sentenced to longer probation terms. However, little research has been conducted to examine whether probation is being sentenced accordingly. This is especially true for organizations convicted of environmental offenses, which are often thought of as deserving of increased penalties compared to non-environmental offenses.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used quantitative federal sentencing data from 2011 to 2020 (n = 1,436) and eight potential measures of blameworthiness grounded in the focal concerns.

Findings

The results showed that those organizations convicted of environmental crimes received 30% longer probation sentences than those not convicted of environmental crimes. However, additional measurements of blameworthiness derived from the existing literature of focal concerns were not relevant to probation sentencing decisions.

Originality/value

This study extends the application of the focal concerns and increases the body of knowledge regarding the sentencing of federal environmental offenders.
Leadership and risk: a review of the literature
Authors: Fourie Willem
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Even though every decision a leader makes carries an element of risk, no review on the topic of leadership and risk has appeared in highly-ranked management journals in the past 20 years. This is in contrast to the discipline of psychology in which leadership and risk receives considerable attention, particularly in the field of heroism studies. In the context of the established body of research on the topic of leadership and risk in the discipline of psychology, this review therefore explores the research on leadership and risk in highly-ranked management studies’ journals.

Design/methodology/approach

The review was conducted in five stages. During phase 1, journal rankings were used as basis to determine which highly-ranked journals to include in the review. Phase 2 focused on identifying all relevant articles in the journals included in our review. We searched for articles published from 2000 to 2021 with the words “risk” or “danger” and “leader” or “leadership” in their abstracts. In phase 3, the author analysed the abstracts of the articles in depth to determine whether the keywords were included on the basis of an explicit scholarly reflection or research on leadership and risk. Phase 4 focused on analysing articles' treatment of leadership and risk, and assigning key words and key phrases. Finally, during phase 5 key words and key phrases were clustered together thematically.

Findings

This study analysis yielded six thematic clusters. The first two clusters – on risk appetite of followers and leaders – are closely related. In total, 12 journal articles explored these themes. The remaining thematic clusters contain four and seven articles each. These clusters are risk, creativity and innovation; risk and failure; risk in dangerous contexts; and risk and gender. Nine of the selected articles did not fit in any of the thematic clusters.

Originality/value

The review reveals a significant lack of research on leadership and risk in highly-ranked management studies’ journals. The author found that the topic of leadership and risk is approached in a binary fashion: successful leaders are viewed as using risk to drive innovation and unsuccessful leaders fail because of risk. The author argues that the heroic bias in leadership research could be partly blamed for this binarism. In practical terms, the author highlights that the growing importance of chief risk officers – leaders appointed to deal with company risk – indicates a clear need for research on leadership and risk in general management studies’ journals.
Two‐week prospective observational study of 5% sofpironium bromide gel in Japanese patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis
Authors: Fujimoto Tomoko , Okatsu Hiromichi , Miyama Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

In 2020, 5% sofpironium bromide (ECCLOCK®) gel (hereinafter referred to as sofpironium) was approved in Japan for the topical treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis. A phase III study of sofpironium demonstrated the efficacy and safety of sofpironium; however, no study has assessed its early efficacy at <6 weeks after starting treatment. Therefore, to assess the earlier effectiveness of sofpironium, we conducted a 2‐week, single‐center, exploratory, prospective, observational study in Japanese patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Patients aged ≥20 years and satisfying with a Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) score of 3 or 4 at baseline were eligible for the study. The primary endpoint for the effectiveness was change in the proportion of patients with a HDSS score of 1, 2, 3, or 4 during the 2‐week study period. In 80 patients included in the full analysis set (FAS), there were more women than men (93.8% vs. 6.3%), and the mean age (±standard deviation [SD]) was 33.3 ± 9.4 years. In the FAS, the proportion of patients with a HDSS score of 1 or 2 was 55.0% on day 7, and statistically significant changes were observed after day 3 compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Mean HDSS scores (±SD) were significantly decreased from baseline value of 3.5 ± 0.5 to 2.4 ± 0.9 on day 7 (p < 0.001). The median period for sofpironium treatment to achieve a HDSS score of 1 or 2 for a continuous 2 days was 6 days (95% confidence interval, 4–8). Safety was evaluated in 92 patients in the safety analysis set, and no adverse events were reported during the study period of 2 weeks. These results suggest that after 1‐week treatment with sofpironium for patients with a HDSS score of 3 or 4, approximately 50% of the patients can achieve a HDSS score of 1 or 2, which is a clinically significant improvement for the patients.