bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of cannabis with glutamatergic levels in patients with early psychosis: Evidence for altered volume striatal glutamate relationships in patients with a history of cannabis use in early psychosis
Authors: Sami Musa , Worker Amanda , Colizzi Marco , Annibale Luciano , Das Debasis , Kelbrick Marlene , Eranti Savitha , Collier Tracy , Onyejiaka Chidimma , O’Neill Aisling , Lythgoe David , McGuire Philip , Williams Steve C. R. , Kempton Matthew J. , Bhattacharyya Sagnik ,   Collaborators, Macherla Praveen , Prountzos Athanasios , Kitts Rachel , Vasicuro Loredana , Taousi Zohra , Tekfi Fatma
Published: April 2020

The associative striatum, an established substrate in psychosis, receives widespread glutamatergic projections. We sought to see if glutamatergic indices are altered between early psychosis patients with and without a history of cannabis use and characterise the relationship to grey matter. 92 participants were scanned: Early Psychosis with a history of cannabis use (EPC = 29); Early Psychosis with minimal cannabis use (EPMC = 25); Controls with a history of cannabis use (HCC = 16) and Controls with minimal use (HCMC = 22). Whole brain T1 weighted MR images and localised proton MR spectra were acquired from head of caudate, anterior cingulate and hippocampus. We examined relationships in regions with known high cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) expression (grey matter, cortex, hippocampus, amygdala) and low expression (white matter, ventricles, brainstem) to caudate Glutamine+Glutamate (Glx). Patients were well matched in symptoms, function and medication. There was no significant group difference in Glx in any region. In EPC grey matter volume explained 31.9% of the variance of caudate Glx (p = 0.003) and amygdala volume explained 36.9% (p = 0.001) of caudate Glx. There was no significant relationship in EPMC. The EPC vs EPMC interaction was significant (p = 0.042). There was no such relationship in control regions. These results are the first to demonstrate association of grey matter volume and striatal glutamate in the EPC group. This may suggest a history of cannabis use leads to a conformational change in distal CB1 rich grey matter regions to influence striatal glutamatergic levels or that such connectivity predisposes to heavy cannabis use.
Correction: miR-1260b, mediated by YY1, activates KIT signaling by targeting SOCS6 to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in NSCLC
Authors: Xia Yang , Wei Ke , Yang Feng-Ming , Hu Liu-Qing , Pan Chun-Feng , Pan Xiang-Long , Wu Wei-Bing , Wang Jun , Wen Wei , He Zhi-Cheng , Xu Jing , Xu Xin-Feng , Zhu Quan , Chen Liang
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Efficient option of industrial wastewater resources in cement mortar application with river-sand by microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation
Authors: Huang Yi-Hsun , Chen How-Ji , Maity Jyoti Prakash , Chen Chien-Cheng , Sun An- Cheng , Chen Chien-Yen
Published: April 2020

The industrial wastewater disposal has been growing attention for environmental protection and resource substitution, current decades. Similarly, the durability enhancement of concrete has increased attention by microbial induced CaCO3 precipitation (MICP) process (biocalcification). However, ecofriendly utilization of industrial wastewater in concrete formation is unstudied so far. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of industrial wastewater on the formation of cement mortar, compressive strength and water absorption. The biocement mortar strength (y) increased (y = 0.5295×2 + 1.6019×+251.05; R2 = 0.9825) with increasing percentage of organic wastewater (x) (BM0 – BM100) by MICP, where highest strength (280.75 kgf/cm2) was observed on BM100 (100% wastewater), compared to control (252.05 kgf/cm2). The water absorption (y) of biocement mortar decreases (y = −0.0251×2–0.103× + 15.965; R2 = 0.9594) with increment of wastewater (x) (%) (BM0 – BM100), where a minimum-water-absorption (14.42%) observed on BM100, compared to control (15.89%). SEM micrograph and XRD shows the formation of most-distinctive CaCO3 crystallization (aragonite/calcite) (acicular, brick shape, massive and stacked structure) inside biocement mortar (BM100), which fills the pores within cement mortar to form a denser structure, by microbial organic wastewater. Thus, present findings implied a cost-effective of MICP technology to improve the concrete properties along with the mitigation of industrial wastewater pollution, which goes some way towards solving the problem of industrial wastewater pollution.
Hepatitis B: changes in epidemiological features of Afro-descendant communities in Central Brazil
Authors: Lima Livia Alves , Lago Bárbara Vieira do , Weis-Torres Sabrina Moreira dos Santos , Martins Regina Maria Bringel , Cesar Gabriela Alves , Bandeira Larissa Melo , Rezende Grazielli Rocha , Lindenberg Andrea de Siqueira Campos , Gomes Selma Andrade , Motta-Castro Ana Rita Coimbra
Published: April 2020

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a concern in vulnerable populations. In a study performed by our team in 1999–2003 in two Afro-Brazilian communities, Furnas dos Dionísios (FD) and São Benedito (SB), high prevalence rates of HBV exposure (42.7% and 16.0%, respectively), high susceptibility to HBV (55.3% and 63.0%) and low HBV vaccination like profile rates (2.0% and 21.0%) were observed. In 2015–2016, we reassessed HBV epidemiological and molecular features in these two communities to verify the impact of health actions adopted in the last years. The prevalence rate of HBV exposure among the enrolled 331 subjects was 35.3% in FD and 21.8% in SB. HBV chronic infection (5.8% in FD, 4.9% in SB) remained high. The rate of HBV vaccination like profile increased from 10.7% to 43.5% (2.0% to 45.9% in FD, 21.0% to 39.5% in SB) while susceptible subjects declined from 58.9% to 26.3% (55.3% to 18.8% in FD, 63.0% to 38.7% in SB). Among 18 HBsAg positive samples, 13 were successfully sequenced (pre-S/S region). Phylogenetic analyses showed that all isolates belong to HBV subgenotype A1, clustering within the Asian-American clade. Despite the maintenance of high prevalence rate of HBV exposure over these 13 years of surveillance, significant improvements were observed, reinforcing the importance of facilitated HBV vaccination to difficult-to-access population to close gaps in prevention.
Immune priming with inactive dengue virus during the larval stage of Aedes aegypti protects against the infection in adult mosquitoes
Authors: Vargas Valeria , Cime-Castillo Jorge , Lanz-Mendoza Humberto
Published: April 2020

Several studies have observed that the immune response in insects can be conserved, a phenomenon known as immune priming, which has been mostly tested in adult stages. However, it is unknown if induction of immune priming in larval stages protects against dengue virus (DENV) infections in adult mosquitoes. In this work, we primed larval instar 3rd of Aedes aegypti with inactive dengue virus, producing adult mosquitoes with i) an enhanced antiviral-immune response; ii) a reduction in the load and replication of RNA of dengue virus (DENV); iii) a decline in viral infective particles production. Adult mosquitoes previously primed during larval stages over-expressed RNA interference (RNAi) markers Argonaute-2 (AGO-2) and Dicer-2 (DCR-2). We also observed inter-individual variations of DENV infection in adult mosquitoes, indicating a heterogeneous response to DENV infection in the same mosquito strain. However, mosquitoes primed during larval stages appear to control the infection, reducing the viral load. The over-expression of interferon-like factors (VAGO) and AGO-2 in the pupa stage suggests a fast activation of antiviral mechanisms after immune priming in larvae, creating a condition in which adult mosquitoes are resistant to the pathogen in the posterior exposure.
Identification of tipifarnib sensitivity biomarkers in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Alonso-Alonso Ruth , Mondéjar Rufino , Martínez Nerea , García-Diaz Nuria , Pérez Cristina , Merino David , Rodríguez Marta , Esteve-Codina Anna , Fuste Berta , Gut Marta , Burrows Francis , Scholz Catherine , Vaqué Jose Pedro , Gualberto Antonio , Piris Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2020

Patients diagnosed with T-cell leukemias and T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) still have a poor prognosis and an inadequate response to current therapies, highlighting the need for targeted treatments. We have analyzed the potential therapeutic value of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor, tipifarnib, in 25 TCL cell lines through the identification of genomic and/or immunohistochemical markers of tipifarnib sensitivity. More than half of the cell lines (60%) were considered to be sensitive. Tipifarnib reduced cell viability in these T-cell leukemia and TCL cell lines, induced apoptosis and modified the cell cycle. A mutational study showed TP53, NOTCH1 and DNMT3 to be mutated in 84.6%, 69.2% and 30.0% of sensitive cell lines, and in 62.5%, 0% and 0% of resistant cell lines, respectively. An immunohistochemistry study showed that p-ERK and RelB were associated as potential biomarkers of tipifarnib sensitivity and resistance, respectively. Data from RNA-seq show that tipifarnib at IC50 after 72 h downregulated a great variety of pathways, including those controlling cell cycle, metabolism, and ribosomal and mitochondrial activity. This study establishes tipifarnib as a potential therapeutic option in T-cell leukemia and TCL. The mutational state of NOTCH1, p-ERK and RelB could serve as potential biomarkers of tipifarnib sensitivity and resistance.
Serial optical coherence microscopy for label-free volumetric histopathology
Authors: Min Eunjung , Ban Sungbea , Lee Junwon , Vavilin Andrey , Baek Songyee , Jung Sunwoo , Ahn Yujin , Park Kibeom , Shin Sungwon , Han SoHyun , Cho Hyungjoon , Lee-Kwon Whaseon , Kim Jeehyun , Lee C. Justin , Jung Woonggyu
Published: April 2020

The observation of histopathology using optical microscope is an essential procedure for examination of tissue biopsies or surgically excised specimens in biological and clinical laboratories. However, slide-based microscopic pathology is not suitable for visualizing the large-scale tissue and native 3D organ structure due to its sampling limitation and shallow imaging depth. Here, we demonstrate serial optical coherence microscopy (SOCM) technique that offers label-free, high-throughput, and large-volume imaging of ex vivo mouse organs. A 3D histopathology of whole mouse brain and kidney including blood vessel structure is reconstructed by deep tissue optical imaging in serial sectioning techniques. Our results demonstrate that SOCM has unique advantages as it can visualize both native 3D structures and quantitative regional volume without introduction of any contrast agents.
Five serum fatty acids are associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in a Chinese pregnant population
Authors: Zhang Ting , Xia Yinyin , Han Ting-Li , Zhang Hua , Baker Philip N.
Published: April 2020

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Although SCH and abnormal fatty acid composition are often associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic syndrome later in maternal and fetal life, the longitudinal relationship between SCH and serum fatty acids during pregnancy has rarely been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between SCH and maternal serum fatty acids throughout gestation. A total of 240 women enrolled in the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) study in Chongqing, China were included in our study. Clinical information and maternal serum samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy: 11–14th, 22–28th, and 32–34th weeks of gestation. Twenty serum fatty acids were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A majority of the 20 serum fatty acids increased as gestation progressed in women with a normal pregnancy and women experiencing SCH. Levels of arachidic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosenoic acid were significantly higher in the serum of women with SCH when compared to women with a normal pregnancy, in the second trimester. On the other hand, the levels of eicosadienoic acid and octadecanoic acid were significantly higher in SCH in the third trimester. Our findings demonstrate that serum fatty acid composition during the second and third trimesters was significantly associated with SCH in pregnant Chinese women.
Rates and trends of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an epidemiology study
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Alhalabi Mohammad Marwan , Ghareeb Ayham , Karam Bahjat , Mansour Bassam , Zahra Bayan , Hamdan Othman
Published: April 2020

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer and has a high survival rate when properly managed. Prognosis is correlated with many factors such as age, gender, white blood cell (WBC) count, CD10, French-American-British (FAB) classification, and many others. Many of these factors are included in this study as they play a major role in establishing the best treatment protocol. This study aims to demonstrate clinical and laboratory features of childhood ALL in Syria. They were treated at Children’s University Hospital, the only working major cancer centre in Syria at the time of the study. Data of 203 patients who aged 0–14 years were obtained for this study. Most patients (48.8%) aged (5–9) years with a male predominance (60.9%). The major features for ALL included lymphadenopathy (82.9%), presenting with systemic symptoms (74.9%), T-ALL subclass (20.2%), L2 FAB classification (36.1%), low educational levels for fathers (53%) and mothers (56.2%), having a high risk (48.4%), and having a duration of symptoms before evaluation for more than 4 weeks (42.6%). Only three (1.5%) patients had normal full blood counts (FBC) and only one (0.5%) patient had an isolated high WBC count at time of presentation. Most patients had either abnormal platelet count (89.3%) or low haemoglobin level (88.8%) when presenting with only (2.0%) having normal levels for both. This suggests that having normal haemoglobin and platelet count can be used for quick screening in crisis time like in Syria for prioritising patients. Many prognostic factors were significantly different from medical literature which emphasises the importance of local studies in the developping countries. This study included a high prevalence of T-all, L2 FAB classification, high-risk and other variables which require further studies to evaluate the aetiology of these features, especially that treatment protocols may have a higher mortality in developing countries when not adjusted to local variables.
Dynamic changes of blood glucose, serum biochemical parameters and gene expression in response to exogenous insulin in Arbor Acres broilers and Silky fowls
Authors: Ji Jiefei , Tao Yafei , Zhang Xiangli , Pan Jiajia , Zhu Xinghao , Wang Huanjie , Du Pengfei , Zhu Yao , Huang YanQun , Chen Wen
Published: April 2020

Silky chicken is a breed of chickens with black skin and slow growth rate used in Chinese traditional medicine, whereas Arbor Acres broiler is a well-known commercial breed in the poultry industry, it is featured by a large size, rapid-growth rate, high feed-conversion rate and strong adaptability. The difference in their rate of growth may be primarily related to different mechanism for glucose metabolism. Here we compared the insulin sensitivity of the two breeds; we investigated the temporal changes (at 0 min, 120 min and 240 min) of serum insulin and other biochemical parameters and determined the spatio-temporal changes of gene mRNA abundance in response to exogenous insulin (80 μg/kg body weight). The results indicated that: (1) Silky chickens showed stronger blood glucose recovery than broilers in the insulin resistance test. (2) The serum urea level in Silky chickens was twice of broilers; exogenous insulin significantly up-regulated serum uric acid level in Silky fowls in a time-dependent manner and increased serum cholesterol content at 120 min. (3) Two breeds showed distinctly different temporal changed in serum insulin in response to exogenous insulin stimulation. The fasting serum insulin concentration of broilers was three-fold of Silky chickens at the basal state; it decreased significantly after insulin injection and the levels at 120 min and 240 min of broilers were only 23% (P < 0.01) and 14% (P < 0.01) of the basal state, respectively. Whereas the serum insulin content in Silky chickens showed stronger recovery, and the 240 min level was close to the 0 min level. (4) GLUT2, GLUT12, neuropeptide Y and insulin receptor (IR) were predominantly expressed in the liver, pectoralis major, olfactory bulb and pancreas, respectively, where these genes presented stronger insulin sensitivity. In addition, the IR mRNA level was strongly positively with the GLUT12 level. In conclusion, our findings suggested that Silky chickens have a stronger ability to regulate glucose homeostasis than broilers, owing to their higher IR levels in the basal state, stronger serum insulin homeostasis and candidate genes functioning primarily in their predominantly expressed tissue in response to exogenous insulin.
Impact of Developmental Age, Necrotizing Enterocolitis Associated Stress, and Oral Therapeutic Intervention on Mucus Barrier Properties
Authors: Lock Jaclyn Y. , Carlson Taylor L. , Yu Yueyue , Lu Jing , Claud Erika C. , Carrier Rebecca L.
Published: April 2020

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease of incompletely understood pathophysiology predominantly affecting premature infants. While NEC is associated with microbial invasion of intestinal tissues, and mucus modulates interactions between microbes and underlying tissues, variations in mucus barrier properties with NEC-associated risk factors have not been investigated. This study explored differences in mucus composition (total protein, DNA, mucin content, sialic acid, and immunoregulatory proteins), as well as structural and transport properties, assessed by tracking of particles and bacteria (E. coli and E. cloacae) with developmental age and exposure to NEC stressors in Sprague Dawley rats. Early developmental age (5 day old) was characterized by a more permeable mucus layer relative to 21 day old pups, suggesting immaturity may contribute to exposure of the epithelium to microbes. Exposure to NEC stressors was associated with reduced mucus permeability, which may aid in survival. Feeding with breastmilk as opposed to formula reduces incidence of NEC. Thus, NEC-stressed (N-S) rat pups were orally dosed with breastmilk components lysozyme (N-S-LYS) or docosahexaenoic acid (N-S-DHA). N-S-LYS and N-S-DHA pups had a less permeable mucus barrier relative to N-S pups, which suggests the potential of these factors to strengthen the mucus barrier and thus protect against disease.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the protection mechanism of proanthocyanidins for Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Zhu Kaili , Zhao Hongwei
Published: April 2020

Grape-derived proanthocyanidins could act as a protector against various environmental stresses forSaccharomyces cerevisiaeduring wine fermentation, resulting in the increased physiological activity, fermentation efficiency and improved wine quality. In order to explore the possible protection mechanism of proanthocyanidins globally, RNA-seq analysis for wine yeast AWRI R2 cultivated with 0 g/L (group A), 0.1 g/L (group B), 1.0 g/L (group C) proanthocyanidins were applied in this study. Differentially expressed genes were enriched into six metabolic pathways including vitamin B6, thiamine, amino acids, aminoacyl-tRNA, carbohydrate and steroid based on KEGG enrichment analysis. Four key genes (SNZ2,THI6,THI21andTHI80), participated in the biosynthesis of vitamin B6and thiamine, were up-regulated significantly in proanthocyanidins treated yeast cells and the gene expression levels were verified by RT-qPCR. Yeast cells supplemented with proanthocyanidins performed increased intracellular levels of vitamin B6and thiamine and higher cell viability compared to the control group. In addition, the composition of intracellular fatty acids showed an obvious alternation in proanthocyanidins-treated yeast cells, in which the UFAs content increased whereas the SFA content decreased. In general, we provided an indirect protection effect of proanthocyanidins on the yeast cells to alleviate environmental stresses during wine fermentation.
Cochlear supporting cells function as macrophage-like cells and protect audiosensory receptor hair cells from pathogens
Authors: Hayashi Yushi , Suzuki Hidenori , Nakajima Wataru , Uehara Ikuno , Tanimura Atsuko , Himeda Toshiki , Koike Satoshi , Katsuno Tatsuya , Kitajiri Shin-ichiro , Koyanagi Naoto , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Onomoto Koji , Kato Hiroki , Yoneyama Mitsutoshi , Fujita Takashi , Tanaka Nobuyuki
Published: April 2020

To protect the audiosensory organ from tissue damage from the immune system, the inner ear is separated from the circulating immune system by the blood-labyrinth barrier, which was previously considered an immune-privileged site. Recent studies have shown that macrophages are distributed in the cochlea, especially in the spiral ligament, spiral ganglion, and stria vascularis; however, the direct pathogen defence mechanism used by audiosensory receptor hair cells (HCs) has remained obscure. Here, we show that HCs are protected from pathogens by surrounding accessory supporting cells (SCs) and greater epithelial ridge (GER or Kölliker’s organ) cells (GERCs). In isolated murine cochlear sensory epithelium, we established Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus, which infected the SCs and GERCs, but very few HCs. The virus-infected SCs produced interferon (IFN)-α/β, and the viruses efficiently infected the HCs in the IFN-α/β receptor-null sensory epithelium. Interestingly, the virus-infected SCs and GERCs expressed macrophage marker proteins and were eliminated from the cell layer by cell detachment. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide induced phagocytosis of the SCs without cell detachment, and the SCs phagocytosed the bacteria. These results reveal that SCs function as macrophage-like cells, protect adjacent HCs from pathogens, and provide a novel anti-infection inner ear immune system.
HIV-1 Transmission Patterns Within and Between Risk Groups in Coastal Kenya
Authors: Nduva George M. , Hassan Amin S. , Nazziwa Jamirah , Graham Susan M. , Esbjörnsson Joakim , Sanders Eduard J.
Published: April 2020

HIV-1 transmission patterns within and between populations at different risk of HIV-1 acquisition in Kenya are not well understood. We investigated HIV-1 transmission networks in men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU), female sex workers (FSW) and heterosexuals (HET) in coastal Kenya. We used maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetics to analyse new (N = 163) and previously published (N = 495) HIV-1 polymerase sequences collected during 2005–2019. Of the 658 sequences, 131 (20%) were from MSM, 58 (9%) IDU, 109 (17%) FSW, and 360 (55%) HET. Overall, 206 (31%) sequences formed 61 clusters. Most clusters (85%) consisted of sequences from the same risk group, suggesting frequent within-group transmission. The remaining clusters were mixed between HET/MSM (7%), HET/FSW (5%), and MSM/FSW (3%) sequences. One large IDU-exclusive cluster was found, indicating an independent sub-epidemic among this group. Phylodynamic analysis of this cluster revealed a steady increase in HIV-1 infections among IDU since the estimated origin of the cluster in 1987. Our results suggest mixing between high-risk groups and heterosexual populations and could be relevant for the development of targeted HIV-1 prevention programmes in coastal Kenya.
Impact of Long-term Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Wonjae , Kim Sun-Hwa , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Suh Jung-Won , Cho Young-Seok , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho
Published: April 2020

Little clinical evidence supports the strict implementation of glycemic control for diabetic patients with AMI. We aimed to demonstrate the effect of long-term glycemic control on mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Eight hundred and twenty-four consecutive diabetic patients were divided into three groups according to the mean hemoglobin (HbA1c) value: <6% (group A), ≥6% to <7.5% (group B), and ≥7.5% (group C). The best long-term mortality outcome was observed in Group B, followed by groups C and A. Groups B and C were further compared in-depth because the baseline characteristics of group A differed significantly. A Cox regression analysis indicated that Group C was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.55 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–2.34, P = 0.038]. An inverse probability of treatment weight analysis was performed to compare groups B and C. Group C had significantly higher mortality, compared to group B (adjusted HR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.21–2.06, P  < 0.001). In conclusion, Glycemic status was associated with the long-term survival outcome in diabetic patients after AMI. However, further study is needed to prove whether HbA1c-targeted glycemic control can effectively improve survival after AMI.
Video-based augmented reality combining CT-scan and instrument position data to microscope view in middle ear surgery
Authors: Hussain Raabid , Lalande Alain , Marroquin Roberto , Guigou Caroline , Bozorg Grayeli Alexis
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study was to develop and assess the performance of a video-based augmented reality system, combining preoperative computed tomography (CT) and real-time microscopic video, as the first crucial step to keyhole middle ear procedures through a tympanic membrane puncture. Six different artificial human temporal bones were included in this prospective study. Six stainless steel fiducial markers were glued on the periphery of the eardrum, and a high-resolution CT-scan of the temporal bone was obtained. Virtual endoscopy of the middle ear based on this CT-scan was conducted on Osirix software. Virtual endoscopy image was registered to the microscope-based video of the intact tympanic membrane based on fiducial markers and a homography transformation was applied during microscope movements. These movements were tracked using Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) method. Simultaneously, a micro-surgical instrument was identified and tracked using a Kalman filter. The 3D position of the instrument was extracted by solving a three-point perspective framework. For evaluation, the instrument was introduced through the tympanic membrane and ink droplets were injected on three middle ear structures. An average initial registration accuracy of 0.21 ± 0.10 mm (n = 3) was achieved with a slow propagation error during tracking (0.04 ± 0.07 mm). The estimated surgical instrument tip position error was 0.33 ± 0.22 mm. The target structures’ localization accuracy was 0.52 ± 0.15 mm. The submillimetric accuracy of our system without tracker is compatible with ear surgery.
Association of ANGPTL8 (Betatrophin) Gene Variants with Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Adults
Authors: Alenad Amal , Alenezi Mona M. , Alokail Majed S. , Wani Kaiser , Mohammed Abdul Khader , Alnaami Abdullah M. , Sulimani Maha , Zargar Seema , Clerici Mario , Al-Daghri Nasser M.
Published: April 2020

Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) has a role in lipid metabolism, beta-cell proliferation and diabetes progression, however, the association between different variants in the ANGPTL8 gene and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components has not been studied widely especially in Arab ethnic groups. In this study, the associations of ANGPTL8 variants on MetS risk in Saudi Arab adults were investigated. A total of 905 unrelated Saudi adults (580 healthy controls and 325 MetS) were included. MetS was screened based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The genotype and allele frequency distribution of rs737337 (T/C) and rs2278426 (C/T) polymorphism in ANGPTL8 gene was studied. Participants with MetS were significantly older, had higher BMI, and rs737337 polymorphism frequency was significantly lower than in control. Furthermore, the TC + CC genotype and C allele of rs737337 (T/C) was associated with decreased risk of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia [odds ratio (OR) 0.61, 95%CI 0.40–0.93, p = 0.016 and OR 0.58, 0.39–0.86, p = 0.007 respectively for hypercholesterolemia; and OR 0.66, 0.45–0.97, p = 0.032 and OR 0.65, 0.46–0.93; p = 0.016 respectively for hyperglycemia]. Similarly, CT, CT + TT genotype and T allele of rs2278426 (C/T) were associated with decreased risk of hyperglycemia (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the study suggests that the gene variants in SNPs rs 737337 (T/C) and rs 2278426 (C/T) are associated with lower risk of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. These findings supplement the growing literature supporting the role of ANGPTL8 in lipid and glucose metabolism.
Near infrared spectroscopic assessment of loosely and tightly bound cortical bone water
Authors: Ailavajhala Ramyasri , Querido William , Rajapakse Chamith S. , Pleshko Nancy
Published: April 2020

NIR spectroscopy can differentiate water loosely bound to bone tissue, and tightly bound to either collagen or mineral.
Bioinspired polydopamine nanoparticles: synthesis, nanomechanical properties, and efficient PEGylation strategy
Authors: Zmerli Islam , Michel Jean-Philippe , Makky Ali
Published: April 2020

We established tightly controlled experimental conditions to synthesize polydopamine nanoparticles with well-defined and reproducible physicochemical properties such as size, yield and nanomechanics.
Kinetic study of azobenzene E/Z isomerization using ion mobility-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-UV detection
Authors: Poyer Salomé , Choi Chang Min , Deo Claire , Bogliotti Nicolas , Xie Juan , Dugourd Philippe , Chirot Fabien , Salpin Jean-Yves
Published: April 2020

Liquid chromatography with UV detection and ion mobility-mass spectrometry are evaluated to study the E → Z thermal back relaxation kinetics of azobenzenes.
Direct identification of fish species by surface molecular transferring
Authors: Shao Mingke , Bi Hongyan
Published: April 2020

A surface molecular transferring strategy is the first to be utilized for the direct analysis of fish samples by mass spectrometry, and it promisingly enables fish authentication in a quick, efficient and easy mode.
Targeted imaging of integrins in cancer tissues using photocleavable Ru(ii) polypyridine complexes as mass-tags
Authors: Han Jiaying , Sun Jing , Song Shanshan , Beljaars Leonie , Groothuis Geny M. M. , Permentier Hjalmar , Bischoff Rainer , Halmos Gyorgy B. , Verhoeven Cornelia J. , Amstalden van Hove Erika R. , Horvatovich Peter , Casini Angela
Published: April 2020

A novel photocleavable ruthenium-based mass-tag for mass spectrometry imaging of proteins in cancer tissues.
A three-dimensional BODIPY–iron(iii) compound with improved H2O2-response for NIR-II photoacoustic imaging guided chemodynamic/photothermal therapy
Authors: Ou Changjin , Zhang Yewei , Ge Wei , Zhong Liping , Huang Yong , Si Weili , Wang Wenjun , Zhao Yongxiang , Dong Xiaochen
Published: April 2020

3D boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)–Fe(iii) coordination polymer nanoparticles with NIR-II absorption were developed as photothermal and chemodynamic agent to effectively kill cancer cells.
A highly efficient light-harvesting system with sequential energy transfer based on a multicharged supramolecular assembly
Authors: Li Jing-Jing , Zhang Heng-Yi , Dai Xian-Yin , Liu Zhi-Xue , Liu Yu
Published: April 2020

A highly efficient light-harvesting system with two-step sequential energy transfer was designed by the nonconvalent interaction of pillar[5]arene with pyridinium modified tetraphenylethene, sulforhodamine 101 and sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine.
Ruthenium-catalyzed synthesis of vinylamides at low acetylene pressure
Authors: Semina Elena , Tuzina Pavel , Bienewald Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schaub Thomas
Published: April 2020

Going mild: vinylations of cyclic amides with C2H2 using Ru-phosphine catalysts.
An inorganic–organic hybrid MnIII{MnII6}2 cluster consisting of rare Lindqvist-like Mn6 subunits with high proton conductivity
Authors: Liu Shuai , Deng Youmei , Xu Feng
Published: April 2020

A new inorganic–organic hybrid cluster with rare Lindqvist-like Mn6 subunits was synthesized, featuring a high proton conductivity.
Synergetic effects in the enantiodifferentiating photocyclodimerization of 2-anthracenecarboxylic acid mediated by β-cyclodextrin–pillar[5]arene-hybridized hosts
Authors: Ji Jiecheng , Wu Wanhua , Wei Xueqin , Rao Ming , Zhou Dayang , Cheng Guo , Gong Qiyong , Luo Kui , Yang Cheng
Published: April 2020

Photocyclodimerization of AC with β-CD–P5-hybridized hosts showed enantioselectivity critically relative to the absolute configuration of the central P5.
Modulation of emission and singlet oxygen photosensitisation in live cells utilising bioorthogonal phosphorogenic probes and protein tag technology
Authors: Leung Peter Kam-Keung , Lo Kenneth Kam-Wing
Published: April 2020

We developed a strategy to exploit the bioorthogonal reactivity and phosphorogenic property of iridium(iii) polypyridine nitrone complexes and SNAP-tag protein for the modulation of emission and single oxygen photosensitisation in live cells.
Enhanced quantum sieving of hydrogen isotopes via molecular rearrangement of the adsorbed phase in chabazite
Authors: Radola Bastien , Bezverkhyy Igor , Simon Jean-Marc , Salazar José Marcos , Macaud Mathieu , Bellat Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2020

Adsorption isotherms of H2 and D2 in pure silica chabazite at 47 K show an unexpected step associated with an increase of the D2/H2 adsorption selectivity due to molecular rearrangement.
Distinct anisotropy and a high power factor in highly textured TiS2 ceramics via mechanical exfoliation
Authors: Gu Yan , Song Kaikai , Hu Xiaohui , Chen Changchun , Pan Lin , Lu Chunhua , Shen Xiaodong , Koumoto Kunihito , Wang Yifeng
Published: April 2020

A tremendous high power factor of 16 μW cm−1 K−2 at 673 K was achieved in polycrystalline bulk of TiS2 with enhanced texturing degree deriving from by densifying powders refined by a liquid-based mechanical exfoliation process.
Trends and new directions in the crystal chemistry of actinide oxo-clusters incorporated in polyoxometalates
Authors: Dufaye Maxime , Duval Sylvain , Loiseau Thierry
Published: April 2020

This highlight article reports the synthetic methods, the structural topologies and the behaviour of actinide-polyoxometalate species in aqueous solution.
Controlling water structure and behavior: design principles from metal organic nanotubular materials
Authors: Applegate Lindsey C. , Forbes Tori Z.
Published: April 2020

Water exhibits unique and unexpected behavioral and structural changes when confined to the nanoscale, notably within the pores of metal–organic nanotubes.
Theoretical formulation of Li3a+bNaXb (X = halogen) as a potential artificial solid electrolyte interphase (ASEI) to protect the Li anode
Authors: Sang Junwu , Yu Yuran , Wang Zhuo , Shao Guosheng
Published: April 2020

A major problem against the realization of high energy density and safe solid Li-ion batteries lies in detrimental reactions at the interface between the lithium anode and the solid electrolytes.
Wetting state transition of a liquid gallium drop at the nanoscale
Authors: Yan Meng , Li Tao , Zheng Peiru , Wei Rubin , Jiang Yanyan , Li Hui
Published: April 2020

Wetting state transition regulated by surface roughness has increasing importance for its wide applications.
Functionalization of two-dimensional 1T′-ReS2with surface ligands for use as a photocatalyst in the hydrogen evolution reaction: a first-principles calculation study
Authors: Pan Jing , Zhang Wannian , Xu Xiaoyong , Hu Jingguo
Published: April 2020

Surface functionalization with polar ligands to tune band edges of two-dimensional 1T′-ReS2and enhance its photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production.
Correction: Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the West Dongting Lake floodplain, China
Authors: Peng Dong , Liu Ziyu , Su Xinyue , Xiao Yaqian , Wang Yuechen , Middleton Beth A. , Lei Ting
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the West Dongting Lake floodplain, China’ by Dong Peng et al., Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/c9em00536f.
Transparent, flexible and recyclable nanopaper-based touch sensors fabricated via inkjet-printing
Authors: Ling Hao , Chen Ruwei , Huang Quanbo , Shen Feng , Wang Yuyuan , Wang Xiaohui
Published: April 2020

Using an eco-friendly PEDOT:PSS ink formula, a transparent and flexible nanopaper-based touch sensor was fabricated via inkjet-printing.
Nickel-catalyzed and Li-mediated regiospecific C–H arylation of benzothiophenes
Authors: Mohr Yorck , Hisler Gaëlle , Grousset Léonie , Roux Yoann , Quadrelli Elsje Alessandra , Wisser Florian M. , Canivet Jérôme
Published: April 2020

A sustainable nickel-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of benzothiophenes, benzofuran and selenophene is reported for the first time.
Achieving visible light-driven hydrogen evolution at positive bias with a hybrid copper–iron oxide|TiO2-cobaloxime photocathode
Authors: Tapia C. , Bellet-Amalric E. , Aldakov D. , Boudoire F. , Sivula K. , Cagnon L. , Artero V.
Published: April 2020

H2is an environmentally-friendly fuel that would allow for a circular economy but its sustainable production from solar energy and water using stable, efficient and scalable Earth-abundant materials, remains a challenge.
In situ generation of plasma-activated aerosols via surface acoustic wave nebulization for portable spray-based surface bacterial inactivation
Authors: Wong Kiing S. , Lim William T. H. , Ooi Chien W. , Yeo Leslie Y. , Tan Ming K.
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate an efficient technique for in situ production and application of plasma-activated aerosols for surface disinfection.
Spatially isolated reactions in a complex array: using magnetic beads to purify and quantify nucleic acids with digital and quantitative real-time PCR in thousands of parallel microwells
Authors: Henley W. Hampton , Siegfried Nathan A. , Ramsey J. Michael
Published: April 2020

Encoded beads carrying primer pairs for nucleic acid targets are used for sample preparation and multiplexed-in-space digital PCR quantification.
Crystal regulation towards rechargeable magnesium battery cathode materials
Authors: Tan Shuangshuang , Xiong Fangyu , Wang Junjun , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: April 2020

Crystal regulation as the “key” powerfully unlocks the “crystal house” for fast and stable Mg ion migration and storage.
Facile synthesis of a highly efficient Co/Cu@NC catalyst for base-free oxidation of alcohols to esters
Authors: Jiang Jiusheng , Li Xiang , Du Shengyu , Shi Langchen , Jiang Pingping , Zhang Pingbo , Dong Yuming , Leng Yan
Published: April 2020

Co/Cu nanoparticle co-decorated N-doped carbon exhibits excellent activity and stability for base-free oxidation of alcohols to esters.
Narrow bandgap difluorobenzochalcogenadiazole-based polymers for high-performance organic thin-film transistors and polymer solar cells
Authors: Shi Shengbin , Liao Qiaogan , Wang Hang , Xiao Guomin
Published: April 2020

A series of difluorobenzochalcogenadiazole-bithiophene copolymers are developed for high-performance organic semiconductors.
Synthesis and characterization of new heterocycles related to aryl[e][1,3]diazepinediones. rearrangement to 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives
Authors: Bardovskyi Rostyslav , Grytsai Oleksandr , Ronco Cyril , Benhida Rachid
Published: April 2020

Divergence-oriented synthesis of new heterocycles relevant for medicinal chemistry.
Tuning the electronic structure of transition metals embedded in nitrogen-doped graphene for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction: a first-principles study
Authors: Zheng Xiaonan , Yao Yuan , Wang Ya , Liu Yang
Published: April 2020

The Fe/Mn–N–C catalyst is a promising candidate for the NRR as it shows significantly improved NRR catalytic activity and strong selectivity against the HER.
Comprehensivein silicomodeling of the rice plant PRR Xa21 and its interaction with RaxX21-sY and OsSERK2
Authors: Mubassir M. H. M. , Naser M. Abu , Abdul-Wahab Mohd Firdaus , Jawad Tanvir , Alvy Raghib Ishraq , Hamdan Salehhuddin
Published: April 2020

This study exhausts bioinformatics tools to acquire the entire multi-domain rice Xa21 protein structure and analyzes its interactions with its PAMP RaxX21-sY and co-receptor OsSERK2.
Sucrose-templated interconnected meso/macro-porous 2D symmetric graphitic carbon networks as supports for α-Fe2O3 towards improved supercapacitive behavior
Authors: Bonsu Jacob Otabil , Han Jeong In
Published: April 2020

In this study, ultrahigh electrochemical performance for interconnected meso/macro-porous 2D C@α-Fe2O3 synthesized via sucrose-assisted microwave combustion is demonstrated.
Operandosulfur speciation during sulfur poisoning-regeneration of Ru/SiO2and Ru/Al2O3using non-resonant sulfur Kα1,2emission
Authors: Kuzmenko Dzulija , Clark Adam H. , Schildhauer Tilman , Szlachetko Jakub , Nachtegaal Maarten
Published: April 2020

OperandoS Kα X-ray emission spectroscopy allows for a quantitative understanding of the sulfur poisoning and regeneration mechanism of state-of-the-art methanation catalysts used for the wood to synthetic natural gas process.
Novel 1′-homo-N-2′-deoxy-α-nucleosides: synthesis, characterization and biological activity
Authors: Carnero Alejandro , Martín-Nieves Virginia , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Russel Olivia O. , Bassit Leda , Schinazi Raymond F. , Fernández Susana , Ferrero Miguel
Published: April 2020

Novel 1′-homo-N-2′-deoxy-α-nucleosides and dimers.
Design of an alkaline pyridyl acceptor-based calix[4]arene dye and synthesis of stable calixarene–TiO2 porous hybrid materials for efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Zhong Yu-Hui , Lei Yang , Huang Jian-Feng , Xiao Li-Min , Chen Xin-Lun , Luo Teng , Qin Su , Guo Jing , Liu Jun-Min
Published: April 2020

A porous hybrid material C4BTP–TiO2 has been prepared by a sol–gel method. When Pt nanoparticles or rhenium complexes are loaded, the hybrids show expandable photocatalytic activities for H2 evolution from water and CO2 reduction to CO, respectively.
A smart lithiophilic polymer filler in gel polymer electrolyte enables stable and dendrite-free Li metal anode
Authors: Ye Fei , Zhang Xiu , Liao Kaiming , Lu Qian , Zou Xiaohong , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei , Zhong Yijun , Shao Zongping
Published: April 2020

A new conceptional lithiophilic polymer-filler-reinforced gel polymer electrolyte was proposed and prepared to guide uniform Li-ion flux during the Li plating/stripping process.
Theoretical perspective of performance-limiting parameters of Cu(In1−xGax)Se2-based photocathodes
Authors: Nandal Vikas , Suzuki Yohichi , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Domen Kazunari , Seki Kazuhiko
Published: April 2020

1-D numerical model of CIGS/CdS photocathode, well calibrated with reported experiments, is introduced to unravel various performance governing parameters and thereby predicts the maximum achievable efficiency.
Synthesis and characterisation of biocompatible organic–inorganic core–shell nanocomposite particles based on ureasils
Authors: Meazzini Ilaria , Comby Steve , Richards Kieran D. , Withers Aimee M. , Turquet François-Xavier , Houston Judith E. , Owens Róisín M. , Evans Rachel C.
Published: April 2020

A one-pot route to ureasil core–shell nanoparticles that exhibit low polydispersity, high stability and low cytotoxicity is reported.
Real-time and label-free detection of VKORC1 genes based on a magnetoelastic biosensor for warfarin therapy
Authors: Sang Shengbo , Guo Xing , Wang Jingzhe , Li Hongmei , Ma Xingyi
Published: April 2020

This work describes the design of a magnetoelastic biosensor to detect VKORC1 genes for warfarin therapy in a fast, label-free and sensitive manner.
In situ phase-changeable 2D MXene/zein bio-injection for shear wave elastography-guided tumor ablation in NIR-II bio-window
Authors: Zhou Bangguo , Pu Yinying , Lin Han , Yue Wenwen , Yin Haohao , Yin Yifei , Ren Weiwei , Zhao Chongke , Chen Yu , Xu Huixiong
Published: April 2020

Herein, we report in situ phase-changeable 2D MXene/zein bio-injection for shear wave elastography-guided tumor ablation in NIR-II bio-window.
Trypanosoma cruzi synthesizes proline via a Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase whose activity is fine-tuned by NADPH cytosolic pools
Authors: Marchese Letícia , Olavarria Karel , Mantilla Brian Suarez , Avila Carla Cristi , Souza Rodolpho Ornitiz Oliveira , Damasceno Flávia Silva , Elias Maria Carolina , Silber Ariel Mariano
Published: April 2020

In Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, the amino acid proline participates in processes related to T. cruzi survival and infection, such as ATP production, cell differentiation, host-cell invasion, and in protection against osmotic, nutritional, and thermal stresses and oxidative imbalance. However, little is known about proline biosynthesis in this parasite. Δ1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR, EC 1.5.1.2) catalyzes the biosynthesis of proline from Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) with concomitant NADPH oxidation. Herein, we show that unlike other eukaryotes, T. cruzi biosynthesizes proline from P5C, which is produced exclusively from glutamate. We found that TcP5CR is an NADPH-dependent cytosolic enzyme with a Kmapp for P5C of 27.7 μM and with a higher expression in the insect-resident form of the parasite. High concentrations of the co-substrate NADPH partially inhibited TcP5CR activity, prompting us to analyze multiple kinetic inhibition models. The model that best explained the obtained data included a non-competitive substrate inhibition mechanism (Kiapp=45±0.7μM). Therefore, TcP5CR is a candidate as a regulatory factor of this pathway. Finally, we show that P5C can exit trypanosomatid mitochondria in conditions that do not compromise organelle integrity. These observations, together with previously reported results, lead us to propose that in T. cruzi TcP5CR participates in a redox shuttle between the mitochondria and the cytoplasm. In this model, cytoplasmic redox equivalents from NADPH pools are transferred to the mitochondria using proline as a reduced metabolite, and shuttling to fuel electrons to the respiratory chain through proline oxidation by its cognate dehydrogenase.
Treatment- and immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced lung cancer
Authors: Shao Jun , Wang Chengdi , Ren Pengwei , Jiang Yuting , Tian Panwen , Li Weimin
Published: April 2020

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) emerged as the preferred therapy in advanced lung cancer, understanding the treatment- and immune-related adverse events of these drugs is of great significance for clinical practice.

Materials and methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and major conference proceedings were systematically searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in lung cancer using PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibitors. The outcomes included treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and several organ specific immune-related adverse events (IRAEs).

Results: 24 RCTs involving 14,256 patients were included. There was a significant difference for ICI therapy in the incidence of any grade of TRAEs (RR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84–0.95; P=0.001) and a lower frequency of grade 3-5 of TRAEs (RR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.51–0.82; P<0.001). Patients treated with ICI therapy in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were less reported TRAEs than in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A lower risk of TRAEs was favored by anti-PD-1 inhibitors over anti-PD-L1 antibodies and anti-CTLA-4 drugs. The most common organ specific IRAE was hypothyroidism that occurred 8.7%. The incidence of pneumonitis and hepatitis reached 4.5% and 4.0% respectively. Compared with patients treated in control arms, those treated with ICI drugs were at higher risk for each organ specific adverse event including colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, hypothyroidism and hypophysitis.

Conclusions: ICI therapy was safer than chemotherapy, especially ICI monotherapy such as anti-PD-1 antibodies in NSCLC. Compared with standard treatments, ICI drugs increased the risk of organ-specific IRAEs, although the overall incidence remained low.