bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing Cropping Intensity and Crop Productivity of Four Crops Based Mustard-Boro-T. Aus-T. Aman Cropping Pattern
Authors: Barman A , Shome S , Khatun MR , Masud MM , Akther S
Published: September 2021

A field trial on soil test based (STB) fertilizer doses was conducted during the year of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in Jashore region (AEZ-11) to find out the most suitable fertilizer doses for four crop based cropping pattern considering the agronomic feasibility and economic return of the system. The experiment consisted of eight different treatments viz. T1: 100% NPKSZnB (STB), T2: T1 + 25% N, T3: T1 + 25% NP, T4: T1 + 25% NK, T5:T1 + 25% PK, T6:T1 + 25% NPK, T7: 75% of T1, T8: Native fertility. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was followed. Data revealed that seed yield of mustard was remarkably influenced by fertilizer treatments while grain yield of other components of the cropping system was not affected significantly by the treatments except control or native fertility. It was observed that 25% more NPK over 100% STB dose provided the highest yield of all the component crops. The highest rice equivalent yield (3.34 t ha-1) was recorded from T6 and the lowest (1.88 t ha-1) from T8 treatment. Maximum gross return (Tk. 420000/ha) and marginal benefit cost ratio (4.08) were also obtained from T6 treatment. So, 25% NPK+ 100% STB dose of fertilizer could be followed for productive and remunerative rice based cropping system Mustard-Boro-T. Aus-T.Aman in AEZ-11.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 109-117
Impact of COVID-19 on Postgraduate research in Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Challenges, Solutions and Opportunities
Authors: Rafat Dalia , Tamkin Khan
Published: September 2021

Objectives: COVID-19 pandemic has affected medical services and facilities throughout the world. This has resulted in unavoidable decline in postgraduate training and learning in different medical specialties. There has been reduction in all aspects of training and learning of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OBG) residents in general and research training in particular. At the time of the study, although limited institutions have started to put some efforts to resume and endure resident research in OBG but still there are no uniform adaptive measures which can be implemented in all of the institutions. The present study was conducted with the aim to assess challenges faced by OBG residents in doing research during COVID-19 pandemic in a government medical college of India. We also assessed the helpfulness and support provided by the Thesis Mentorship Programme (TMP) of the department during pandemic.
Material and Methods: A self developed semi structured, pre-validated questionnaire was mailed to the residents of the OBG training program of our medical college. It was completed anonymously by them after accepting an informed consent.
Results: 21 postgraduates from the second and third year OBG residency participated in this cross-sectional study. We found that COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant research training impairment. There was “some” to “complete interruption” in the various research activities of the residents. The research aspect most severely affected was data collection. Also majority of residents were satisfied with the support offered by the TMP of the department in sustaining resident research during pandemic.
Conclusion: COVID-19 has significant and critical implications for the resident research training in OBG.The TMP and similar experiences also helps residents in continuing research during untoward circumstances.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(5) 2021 p.77-84
The response to COVID 19 across countries and the implications for future pandemics
Authors: Haque Mainul , Gowere Marshall , Nusrat Nadia , Chowdhury Kona , Godman Brian
Published: September 2021

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(5) 2021 p.7-14
Challenges of E-Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Experience Of Educators And Students Of Faculty Of Medicine And Defence Health (FMDH), National Defence University Of Malaysia (NDUM)
Authors: Mohd Yusof Yasmin Anum
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the medical teaching paradigm worldwide. Online classes and assessments have been introduced using many teaching platforms. Medical faculties in Malaysia faced many challenges in the past two years when most clinical teachings were halted. Students were also struggling to adapt to the new online learning versus traditional classroom settings. This paper describes the experience of educators of the faculty of medicine of NDUM.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(5) 2021 p.175-177
In Austrian, Polish and Soviet Lviv: prosopographical portrait of Markiyan-Orest Smishko
Authors: Bulyk Natalia
Published: September 2021

This article is dedicated to famous Lviv archaeologist Markian-Orest Smishko, whose 120-th anniversary is celebrated by the scientific community on November 7, 2020. The life and scientific activity of archaeologists during periods of different political regimes are displayed on the basis of a large source base. Lion’s share of the researcher’s archives is preserved in Lviv. However, most of them, in particular, materials from the family archive, were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. M. Smishko was born, lived and worked all his life in Lviv. His formation as an archaeologist can be dated back to the interwar period and is associated with the Polish University of Lviv. Till 1939, he discovered, researched, and put into scientific circulation a large number of archaeological sites that made his name well-known. Special place in his scientific research of this time belongs to sites of the Early Roman period. Simultaneously, M. Smishko conducted classes for students, took part on scientific grants, organized archaeological collection of the University and restored archaeological finds. He was one of L. Kozłowski’s favorite pupils. The next stage of M. Smishko’s life is connected with academic archeology of Lviv. From 1940 to 1961, M. Smishko headed the Department of Archeology, which was a leading academic institution in western Ukraine. Initially, it was Lviv Department of the Institute of Archeology of Academy of Sciences of USSR, and since February 1951 – Department of Archeology of the Institute of Social Sciences of Academy of Sciences of USSR. Here M. Smishko showed himself best as a scientist and organizer of academic activity, carried out his most resonant field research, published most important scientific works, including «Карпатські кургани І тисячоліття нашої ери» («Carpathian barrows of the first millennium AD») (1960) in which he distinguished a separate archaeological culture of Carpathian Tumuli, defended his doctoral dissertation (1965), raised a whole constellation of his pupils and followers. Key words: Markian Smishko, barrows, cemeteries, burial sites, Early Slavic archeology, Roman period, Carpathian Tumuli culture, glass workshop, Komariv.
New Biodegradable Drug Delivery System for Patients with Dry Eye
Authors: Park Beom Chan , Kim Ho Tae , Koh Jae Woong
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a new type of drug delivery system (DDS) for treatment of dry eye.Methods: A new lens-type biodegradable DDS was manufactured using gelatin methacryloly, antibiotics, and conjunctival epithelial cells as bio-inks in a Bio X 3D Bioprinter. Gelatin methacryloly was used as a base, and the conditions were analyzed to maintain the overall shape by using a mixture of 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.3% hyaluronic acid. In addition, an experiment was conducted to measure the appropriate concentration by evaluating its cytotoxicity according to the concentration of antibiotics mixed therein to prevent infection. The degree of degradation according to the storage temperature and post-processing of the new lens-type biodegradable DDS was measured.Results: Optimal conditions were maintained when using a nozzle pressure of 80 kPa and speed of 4 mm/sec, nozzle pressure of 50 kPa and speed of 3 mm/sec, nozzle pressure of 60 kPa and speed of 8 mm/sec for 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.3% hyaluronic acid concentrations, respectively. Degradation did not occur at 4°C and all the lenses were degraded at 37°C within 24 hours. In addition, the degradation rate was delayed according to the ultraviolet crosslink treatment time. Tobramycin 1% was used as an antibiotic during manufacture.Conclusions: A new lens-type biodegradable DDS that can control the degree of degradation was designed using a 3-dimentional bioprinter. This DDS will contribute to ease of treatment, protection of the cornea, and regeneration of the epithelium in patients with dry eye.
In plane sight: a mark-recapture analysis of North Atlantic right whales in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Crowe LM , Brown MW , Corkeron PJ , Hamilton PK , Ramp C , Ratelle S , Vanderlaan ASM , Cole TVN
Published: September 2021

North Atlantic right whalesEubalaena glacialisare most commonly observed along the eastern seaboard of North America; however, their distribution and occupancy patterns have become less predictable in the last decade. This study explored the individual right whales captured photographically from both dedicated and opportunistic sources from 2015 to 2019 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL), an area previously understudied for right whale presence. A total of 187 individuals, including reproductive females, were identified from all sources over this period. In years when more substantial survey effort occurred (2017-2019), similar numbers of individuals were sighted (mean = 133, SD = 1.5), and dedicated mark-recapture aerial surveys were highly effective at capturing almost all of the whales estimated in the region (2019:N= 137, 95% CI = 135-147). A high rate of inter-annual return was observed between all 5 study years, with 95% of the animals seen in 2019 sighted previously. Capture rates indicated potential residencies as long as 5 mo, and observed behaviors included feeding and socializing. Individuals were observed in the northern and southern GSL, regions divided by a major shipping corridor. Analyses suggest that individuals mostly moved less than 9.1 km d-1, although rates of up to 79.8 km d-1were also calculated. The GSL is currently an important habitat for 40% of this Critically Endangered species, which underscores how crucial protection measures are in this area.
Antibiotic resistance profiles from isolated bacteria in outpatient infertility clinic in Greece
Authors: Karakalpakis D , Kostaras K , Asonitis K , Dimitriadi D , Pittaras T , Charvalos E , Daikos G , Mantzourani M , Pappa K
Published: September 2021

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of common aerobic gram positive and gram negative bacteria, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis in symptomatic and asymptomatic Greek patients and to determine antibiotic resistance profiles. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 316 adult men examined at the Assisted Reproduction Department of IASO- Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic in Athens, Greece. Sperm have been collected and proceed to culture and antibiotic sensitivity at the Central Laboratories following a standard protocol. Results: Twelve inappropriate out of 316 samples were excluded from the study. Out of the remaining 304 sperm samples 111 (37.5 %) were positive. Antibiotic sensitivity testing detected resistances to some commonly used antibiotics such as b-lactams and the quinolones. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were the most frequently isolated bacteria (45%), followed by Enterobacteriaceae (40%) and Enterococci 12.6%. The majority of 45 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, were Escherichia coli (31 strains/68%) corresponding to 27.9% of the total number of positive cultures. One infection to Chlamydia trachomatis was detected by an immunochromatic rapid test, one Candida sp, one Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two M. hominis and three Streptococcus group B. Escherichia coli were resistant to b lactams in about 38.7% due to b-lactamase, and 22.5%, 9.6%, 6.4%, were resistant to nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin respectively. Enterococci have shown resistance due to b-lactamase and PBP 5 alteration/hyperproduction. Ureaplasmas were resistant to the fluoroquinolones tested ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, at 72.2% and 62.3% respectively. Conclusion: Carriage of bacteria in sperm is controversial for its contribution in sperm quality and fertility. In our IVF unit, we follow a protocol of isolation and antibiotic profiling of bacteria from sperm culture regardless of their concentration in sperm and giving the numbers/ml. This helps doctors to distinguish carriage or infection and to decide about potential therapy. Given the antibiotic resistances shown by this study, the importance of culture against empiric therapy in assisted reproduction patients is also clearly demonstrated.
Neurofibromatosis-1 and Pregnancy: Case report
Authors: Kalmantis K , Petsa A , Daskalakis G , Alexopoulos E , Korovesi E , Antsaklis P , Karagkiouzis T
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF-1) is one of the most common genetic diseases following an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Maternal and fetal complications have been reported. Purpose: To present a very interesting and rare case report regarding neurofibromatosis – 1 (NF-1) in pregnancy and to create a complete review concerning this genetic disease. Materials and Methods: Articles were identified through electronic databases; no date or language restrictions were placed; relevant citations were hand searched. The search was conducted using the following terms: neurofibromatosis, neurofibromatosis type-1, pregnancy. Case presentation: We present a case of a 36-year-old nulliparous pregnant woman affected by NF-1. She presented with café-au-lait spots and cutaneous/subcutaneous neurofibromas, progressively increasing in size and number. The unique obstetric complication was placenta previa, diagnosed in the second trimester. A caesarean section was performed on the 36th week. A healthy male neonate unaffected by NF-1 was born. Both post-operative period and puerperium were uneventful. Conclusions: This case report highlights the fact that a normal pregnancy outcome can occur in pregnant women with NF-1 and proper counselling should be in place so that informed decisions can be made by future parents.
Classification and diagnosis of congenital malformations of the female genital tract according to ESHRE/ESGE
Authors: Makedos Anastasios , Grimbizis Grigoris
Published: September 2021

Congenital malformations of the female genital tract affect 4-7% of the female population. They are mainly detected at reproductive age during the investigation for infertility. Accurate classification is vital for the effective management. In need of a more detailed description of these anomalies, clinical usefulness and simplicity ESHRE and ESGE introduced in 2013 the new classification system and further in 2016, at the Thessaloniki consensus they introduced guidance on proper diagnosis with the use of the available diagnostic procedures. In the current review the most important key points of both consensuses are described.
Analysis of College Library Promotion Activities: Study on the Library Department of Governance Institute of Home Affairs (IPDN)
Authors: Rahmadanita Annisa
Published: September 2021

Problem Statement: The author focuses on the obstacles faced in promoting IPDN libraries, which are limited budget, lack of human resource capabilities, and ratification of library promotion guidelines in 2021. Purpose: This study aims to obtaining a clear picture and analyzing promotional activities carried out by IPDN library. Method: The author collects data through interviews with first and second year students, and IPDN librarians. The author also conducted observations and documentation. Results: The results show that the form of promotion that is beneficial for users is through brochures, displays of new book collections and social media, especially Instagram. Meanwhile, promotion through the websiteneeds  further development and improvement, especially in terms of updating information and utilizing the institution's website platform. Conclusion: There are several forms of promotion that have not been effectively carried out, one of which is promotion through the Library Website. Furthermore, there are still promotional methods that have not been carried out, including promotions in the form of making interactive CDs, creatinglibrarian blogs, competitions and book bazaars, and Praja internship programs in the library.

 Keywords: Promotion Activities; Promotion Forms; College Libraries.

 

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Penulis berfokus pada kendala yang dihadapi dalam melakukan promosi perpustakaan IPDN yaitu terbatasnya anggaran, kurangnya kemampuan sumber daya manusia, dan belum disahkannya pedoman promosi perpustakaan pada tahun 2021. Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran yang jelas dan menganalisis kegiatan promosi yang dilakukan oleh Perpustakaan IPDN. Metode: Penulis mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara kepada Mahasiswa tingkat I dan II serta pustakawan Perpustakaan IPDN. Penulis juga melakukan observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk promosi yang manfaatnya dirasakan oleh pemustaka adalah melalui brosur, display koleksi buku baru dan media sosial terutama Instagram, sementara promosi melalui Website dinilai perlu dilakukan pengembangan dan peningkatan terutama dalam hal updating informasi dan pemanfaatan platform Website institusi. Kesimpulan: terdapat beberapa bentuk promosi yang belum efektif dilakukan, salah satunya adalah promosi melalui Website Perpustakaan. Selanjutnya, masih terdapat cara promosi yang belum dilakukan diantaranya adalah promosi dalam bentuk pembuatan CD interaktif, pembuatan blog pustakawan, kegiatan lomba dan bazar buku, dan program magang Praja di perpustakaan.

 Kata kunci: Kegiatan Promosi; Bentuk Promosi; Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi.
PEMBERDAYAAN PETERNAK SAPI PERAH DI DESA GALENGDOWO KECAMATAN WONOSALAM OLEH DINAS PETERNAKAN KABUPATEN JOMBANG
Authors: Ardiansyah Bayu Krisna , Ma’rifah Ainun
Published: September 2021

The development and empowerment carried out by the Jombang District Animal Husbandry Service areactivities to increase economic growth in the Jombang Regency area. One of them is Dairy Cattle farmingactivities that utilize milk products. However, the resulting milk is only able to meet daily food needs, so it isquestionable what about other living costs. This research was conducted to determine the empowerment efforts of cattle breeders in Galengdowo conducted by the Jombang District Animal Husbandry Service, as well as to describe the obstacles and efforts to overcome the obstacles in the empowerment of cattle breeders in Galengdowo Village. The theory used is the concept of empowerment by Totok Mardikanto related to the main effort or better known as the scope of community empowerment activities. The method used in this research is qualitative research with descriptive methods and inductive approaches. Data collection techniques through observation, documentation, and interviews. The results obtained show that the empowerment of dairy farmers is based on 4 coaches, first human development shows through periodic training with the target of applying job training methods. Second, business development programs for procuring mineral concentrate feed by Village Unit Cooperatives and Village-Owned Enterprises. Third, environmental development is the provision of biogas equipment assistance. And lastly, institutional development through the formation and strengthening of livestock groups. The author provides suggestions for a synergistic relationship and active community participation.

Keywords: Development and Empowerment, Dairy Farmers, Government
EVALUASI PEMEKARAN DAERAH DALAM PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Duri Ropiko , Rahmah Mutia
Published: September 2021

Evaluation of regional expansion of Empat Lawang regency is expected to focus more on the results of policies that have been carried out after regional expansion and analyze how far the success rate of efforts to realize welfare for the community during the 10 years after the regional expansion. The welfare in this case is a condition that shows a better state than the condition before the policy. This research uses descriptive qualitative research design, data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The selection of informants is based on purposive sampling techniques and snowball sampling. The study used three main indicators in looking at welfare development consisting of education, health services, and the development of people's income levels. The study used evaluation criteria from William N Dunn. The results showed that the Policy of regional expansion of Empat Lawang Regency has not been able to fully improve the welfare of the community and still shows a slow development trend, as seen from: 1) the effectiveness criteria are large numbers. the number of people dropping out of school, limited health personnel, and a decline in economic growth last year and a decline in GRDP in the past year; 2) the criteria for adequacy have not been able to show the level of effectiveness in meeting community needs; 3) equal distribution criteria in the form of uneven access to education; 4) responsiveness criteria in the form of a lack of government response in repairing roads for population mobility; 5) accuracy criteria in the form of inaccurate revocation of the status of disadvantaged areas of Empat Lawang Regency.Keywords: policy, welfare, regional expansion
RELASI ANGGOTA DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH (DPRD) DENGAN KONSTITUEN DAPIL III KECAMATAN PARIAMAN TENGAH KOTA PARIAMAN PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Athahirah Astika Ummy , Pranata Wahyu Hadi
Published: September 2021

Unestablished good relationship between members of the local parliament and constituents in 3rd Constituency, Central Pariaman Subdistrict, Pariaman City had caused difficulty to establish a good collaboration. A good relationship was intended to capture the aspirations of the community in finding solutions to community problems. This research aimed to get a description of the relationships between local parliament members and their constituents, inhibiting factors in relations, and efforts to solve inhibiting factors. The author used a descriptive method with a technique of data collection are semistructured interviews, observation, and documentation. As the results, the shape of relationships between Local parliament members and constituents freely mandate, the inhibiting factor in the relationship because the policy program of local parliament members has tried to make constituents not yet felt by the whole community, the lack of constituent awareness for legislative roles and the multiparty system created some local parliament members. To solve the problems are by political education, increasing the sense of care of local parliament members to their constituents. As the suggestion by adding a service function (serving to their constituent) into legislative function by using social media.

Keywords: Relationships, Local Legislative, Constituent
A Block-Sparse Tensor Train Format for Sample-Efficient High-Dimensional Polynomial Regression
Authors: Götte Michael , Schneider Reinhold , Trunschke Philipp
Published: September 2021

Low-rank tensors are an established framework for the parametrization of multivariate polynomials. We propose to extend this framework by including the concept of block-sparsity to efficiently parametrize homogeneous, multivariate polynomials with low-rank tensors. This provides a representation of general multivariate polynomials as a sum of homogeneous, multivariate polynomials, represented by block-sparse, low-rank tensors. We show that this sum can be concisely represented by a single block-sparse, low-rank tensor.

We further prove cases, where low-rank tensors are particularly well suited by showing that for banded symmetric tensors of homogeneous polynomials the block sizes in the block-sparse multivariate polynomial space can be bounded independent of the number of variables.

We showcase this format by applying it to high-dimensional least squares regression problems where it demonstrates improved computational resource utilization and sample efficiency.
Extracellular Vesicles as Natural Delivery Carriers Regulate Oxidative Stress Under Pathological Conditions
Authors: Qi Hongzhao , Wang Yingruo , Fa Shunxin , Yuan Changqing , Yang Lijun
Published: September 2021

Extracellular vesicles are cellular secretory particles that can be used as natural drug delivery carriers. They have successfully delivered drugs including chemotherapeutics, proteins, and genes to treat various diseases. Oxidative stress is an abnormal physiological phenomenon, and it is associated with nearly all diseases. In this short review, we summarize the regulation of EVs on oxidative stress. There are direct effects and indirect effects on the regulation of oxidative stress through EVs. On the one hand, they can deliver antioxidant substances or oxides to recipient cells, directly relieving or aggravating oxidative stress. On the other hand, regulate factors of oxidative stress-related signaling pathways can be delivered to recipient cells by the mediation of EVs, realizing the indirect regulation of oxidative stress. To the best of our knowledge, however, only endogenous drugs have been delivered by EVs to regulate oxidative stress till now. And the heterogeneity of EVs may complicate the regulation of oxidative stress. Therefore, this short review aims to draw more attention to the EVs-based regulation of oxidative stress, and we hope excellent EVs-based delivery carriers that can deliver exogenous drugs to regulate oxidative stress can be exploited.
Reactive Oxygen Species: Not Omnipresent but Important in Many Locations
Authors: Herb Marc , Gluschko Alexander , Schramm Michael
Published: September 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide, have been established over decades of research as, on the one hand, important and versatile molecules involved in a plethora of homeostatic processes and, on the other hand, as inducers of damage, pathologies and diseases. Which effects ROS induce, strongly depends on the cell type and the source, amount, duration and location of ROS production. Similar to cellular pH and calcium levels, which are both strictly regulated and only altered by the cell when necessary, the redox balance of the cell is also tightly regulated, not only on the level of the whole cell but in every cellular compartment. However, a still widespread view present in the scientific community is that the location of ROS production is of no major importance and that ROS randomly diffuse from their cellular source of production throughout the whole cell and hit their redox-sensitive targets when passing by. Yet, evidence is growing that cells regulate ROS production and therefore their redox balance by strictly controlling ROS source activation as well as localization, amount and duration of ROS production. Hopefully, future studies in the field of redox biology will consider these factors and analyze cellular ROS more specifically in order to revise the view of ROS as freely flowing through the cell.
Integrative Analysis of m6A Regulator-Mediated RNA Methylation Modification Patterns and Immune Characteristics in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Zhao Huanhuan , Pan Shaokang , Duan Jiayu , Liu Fengxun , Li Guangpu , Liu Dongwei , Liu Zhangsuo
Published: September 2021

Background

There is growing evidence to demonstrate that the epigenetic regulation of immune characteristics, especially for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation. However, how m6A methylation is involved in lupus nephritis (LN) is still unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of m6A RNA methylation and their association with the immune microenvironment in LN.

Methods

In total, 87 glomeruli (73 LN, 14 living healthy donors), 110 tubulointerstitium (95 LN, 15 living healthy donors), and 21 kidney whole tissue samples (14 LN, 7 controls) were included in our research to evaluate the expression levels of m6A regulators. CIBERSORT was used to assess the abundance of infiltrating immunocytes. The m6A regulator gene signature for LN was identified using LASSO-logistic regression and verified with external data. Consensus clustering algorithms were used for the unsupervised cluster analysis of m6A modification patterns in LN. Single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis and gene set variation analysis algorithms were employed to assess the activity of immune responses and other functional pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and protein-protein interaction networks were used to identify m6A methylation markers. Lastly, the Nephroseq V5 tool was used to analyze the correlation between m6A markers and renal function.

Results

We found that the expression of m6A regulators was more significantly different in the glomeruli in LN compared with tubulointerstitium and whole kidney tissue. We established an m6A regulator signature, comprised of METTL3, WTAP, YTHDC2, YTHDF1, FMR1, and FTO, that can easily distinguish LN and healthy individuals. Two distinct m6A modification patterns based on 18 m6A regulators were determined, with significant differences in m6A regulator expression, immune microenvironment, biological functional pathways, and clinical characteristics. Activated NK cells, most immune responses, and HLA genes had strong correlations with m6A regulators. Seven m6A markers were identified and demonstrated a meaningful correlation with GFR, indicating that they are potential prognostic biomarkers.

Conclusion

This study emphasized that m6A RNA methylation and the immune microenvironment are closely linked in LN. A better understanding of m6A modification patterns provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutic options for LN.
Advances in the Supramolecular Chemistry of Tetracoordinate Boron-Containing Organic Molecules into Organogels and Mesogens
Authors: Shah Sanchita , Marandi Parvati , Neelakandan P. P.
Published: September 2021

Boron-containing organic compounds are well accepted as a class of compounds having excellent photophysical properties. In addition to the unique photophysical properties, the ease of synthesis and structural robustness make tetracoordinate boron complexes ideal for a variety of applications. While significant light has been thrown on their luminescence properties, there is no collective attention to their supramolecular chemistry. In this mini review, we discuss the progress made in the supramolecular chemistry of these compounds which includes their utility as building blocks for liquid crystalline materials and gels largely driven by various non-covalent interactions like H-bonding, CH-π interactions, BF-π interactions and Van der Waals forces. The organoboron compounds presented here are prepared from easy-to-synthesize chelating units such as imines, diiminates, ketoiminates and diketonates. Moreover, the presence of heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the presence of aromatic rings facilitate non-covalent interactions which not only favor their formation but also helps to stabilize the self-assembled structures.
Osteoinduction Evaluation of Fluorinated Hydroxyapatite and Tantalum Composite Coatings on Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Cao Zheng , Li Li , Yang Linjun , Yao LiLi , Wang Haiyan , Yu Xiaoyang , Shen Xinkun , Yao Litao , Wu Gang
Published: September 2021

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have a wide range of biomaterial applications, but their lack of biocompatibility and osteoinduction property impedes osteointegration. In order to enhance the bioactivity of Mg alloy, a composite coating of fluorinated hydroxyapatite (FHA) and tantalum (Ta) was first developed on the surface of the alloy through thermal synthesis and magnetron sputtering technologies in this study. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle measurement (WCA), which characterized the surface alternation and confirmed the deposition of the target FHA/Ta coating. The results of cell morphology showed that the MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of Mg/FHA/Ta samples had the largest spreading area and lamellipodia. Moreover, the FHA coating endowed the surface with superior cell viability and osteogenic properties, while Ta coating played a more important role in osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, the combination of FHA and Ta coatings could synergistically promote biological functions, thus providing a novel strategy for implant design.
Biomorphic Transformations: A Leap Forward in Getting Nanostructured 3-D Bioceramics
Authors: Sprio Simone , Ruffini Andrea , Tampieri Anna
Published: September 2021

Obtaining 3-D inorganic devices with designed chemical composition, complex geometry, hierarchic structure and effective mechanical performance is a major scientific goal, still prevented by insurmountable technological limitations. With particular respect to the biomedical field, there is a lack in solutions ensuring the regeneration of long, load-bearing bone segments such as the ones of limbs, due to the still unmet goal of converging, in a unique device, bioactive chemical composition, multi-scale cell-conducive porosity and a hierarchically organized architecture capable of bearing and managing complex mechanical loads in a unique 3D implant. An emerging, but still very poorly explored approach in this respect, is given by biomorphic transformation processes, aimed at converting natural structures into functional 3D inorganic constructs with smart mechanical performance. Recent studies highlighted the use of heterogeneous gas-solid reactions as a valuable approach to obtain effective transformation of natural woods into hierarchically structured apatitic bone scaffolds. In this light, the present review illustrates critical aspects related to the application of such heterogeneous reactions when occurring in the 3D state, showing the relevance of a thorough kinetic control to achieve controlled phase transformations while maintaining the multi-scale architecture and the outstanding mechanical performance of the starting natural structure. These first results encourage the further investigation towards the biologic structures optimized by nature along the ages and then the development of biomorphic transformations as a radically new approach to enable a technological breakthrough in various research fields and opening to still unexplored industrial applications.
The Role of Blue Carbon in Climate Change Mitigation and Carbon Stock Conservation
Authors: Hilmi Nathalie , Chami Ralph , Sutherland Michael D. , Hall-Spencer Jason M. , Lebleu Lara , Benitez Maria Belen , Levin Lisa A.
Published: September 2021

The potential for Blue Carbon ecosystems to combat climate change and provide co-benefits was discussed in the recent and influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. In terms of Blue Carbon, the report mainly focused on coastal wetlands and did not address the socio-economic considerations of using natural ocean systems to reduce the risks of climate disruption. In this paper, we discuss Blue Carbon resources in coastal, open-ocean and deep-sea ecosystems and highlight the benefits of measures such as restoration and creation as well as conservation and protection in helping to unleash their potential for mitigating climate change risks. We also highlight the challenges—such as valuation and governance—to marshaling their mitigation role and discuss the need for policy action for natural capital market development, and for global coordination. Efforts to identify and resolve these challenges could both maintain and harness the potential for these natural ocean systems to store carbon and help fight climate change. Conserving, protecting, and restoring Blue Carbon ecosystems should become an integral part of mitigation and carbon stock conservation plans at the local, national and global levels.
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients With an Acute ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Stratified by Angiography-Derived Index of Microcirculatory Resistance
Authors: Kotronias Rafail A. , Terentes-Printzios Dimitrios , Shanmuganathan Mayooran , Marin Federico , Scarsini Roberto , Bradley-Watson James , Langrish Jeremy P. , Lucking Andrew J. , Choudhury Robin , Kharbanda Rajesh K. , Garcia-Garcia Hector M. , Channon Keith M. , Banning Adrian P. , De Maria Giovanni Luigi
Published: September 2021

Aims: Despite the prognostic value of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), its assessment with pressure-wire-based methods remains limited due to cost, technical and procedural complexities. The non-hyperaemic angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (NH IMRangio) has been shown to reliably predict microvascular injury in patients with STEMI. We investigated the prognostic potential of NH IMRangio as a pressure-wire and adenosine-free tool.

Methods and Results: NH IMRangio was retrospectively derived on the infarct-related artery at completion of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in 262 prospectively recruited STEMI patients. Invasive pressure-wire-based assessment of the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) was performed. The combination of all-cause mortality, resuscitated cardiac arrest and new heart failure was the primary endpoint. NH IMRangio showed good diagnostic performance in identifying CMD (IMR > 40U); AUC 0.78 (95%CI: 0.72–0.84, p < 0.0001) with an optimal cut-off at 43U. The primary endpoint occurred in 38 (16%) patients at a median follow-up of 4.2 (2.0–6.5) years. On survival analysis, NH IMRangio > 43U (log-rank test, p < 0.001) was equivalent to an IMR > 40U(log-rank test, p = 0.02) in predicting the primary endpoint (hazard ratio comparison p = 0.91). NH IMRangio > 43U was an independent predictor of the primary endpoint (adjusted HR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.01–4.48, p = 0.047).

Conclusion: NH IMRangio is prognostically equivalent to invasively measured IMR and can be a feasible alternative to IMR for risk stratification in patients presenting with STEMI.
Common Pitfalls in the Interpretation of Endocrine Tests
Authors: Alvarez-Payares Jose C. , Bello-Simanca Jesus David , De La Peña-Arrieta Edwin De Jesus , Agamez-Gomez Jose Emilio , Garcia-Rueda Jhon Edwar , Rodriguez-Arrieta Amilkar , Rodriguez-Arrieta Luis Antonio
Published: September 2021

Endocrine tests are the cornerstone of diagnosing multiple diseases that primary care physicians are frequently faced with. Some of these tests can be affected by situations that affect the proper interpretation, leading to incorrect diagnoses and unnecessary treatment, such as the interference of biotin with thyroid function test, falsely elevated prolactin values in presence of macroprolactinemia or falsely normal due to the “hook effect” in macroprolactinomas. Recognizing these situations is essential for the clinician to make an adequate interpretation of these tests as well as an accurate diagnosis that guarantees the best outcomes for the patient.
Integrative Analysis of DNA Methylation and microRNA Expression Reveals Mechanisms of Racial Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Varghese Rency S. , Barefoot Megan E. , Jain Sidharth , Chen Yifan , Zhang Yunxi , Alley Amber , Kroemer Alexander H. , Tadesse Mahlet G. , Kumar Deepak , Sherif Zaki A. , Ressom Habtom W.
Published: September 2021

Pathologic alterations in epigenetic regulation have long been considered a hallmark of many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In a healthy individual, the relationship between DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) expression maintains a fine balance; however, disruptions in this harmony can aid in the genesis of cancer or the propagation of existing cancers. The balance between DNA methylation and microRNA expression and its potential disturbance in HCC can vary by race. There is emerging evidence linking epigenetic events including DNA methylation and miRNA expression to cancer disparities. In this paper, we evaluate the epigenetic mechanisms of racial heterogenity in HCC through an integrated analysis of DNA methylation, miRNA, and combined regulation of gene expression. Specifically, we generated DNA methylation, mRNA-seq, and miRNA-seq data through the analysis of tumor and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues from African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) with HCC. Using mixed ANOVA, we identified cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites, mRNAs, and miRNAs that are significantly altered in HCC vs. adjacent non-tumor tissue in a race-specific manner. We observed that the methylome was drastically changed in EA with a significantly larger number of differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes than in AA. On the other hand, the miRNA expression was altered to a larger extent in AA than in EA. Pathway analysis functionally linked epigenetic regulation in EA to processes involved in immune cell maturation, inflammation, and vascular remodeling. In contrast, cellular proliferation, metabolism, and growth pathways are found to predominate in AA as a result of this epigenetic analysis. Furthermore, through integrative analysis, we identified significantly differentially expressed genes in HCC with disparate epigenetic regulation, associated with changes in miRNA expression for AA and DNA methylation for EA.
Circadian Clock-Controlled Checkpoints in the Pathogenesis of Complex Disease
Authors: Li Min-Dian , Xin Haoran , Yuan Yinglin , Yang Xinqing , Li Hongli , Tian Dingyuan , Zhang Hua , Zhang Zhihui , Han Ting-Li , Chen Qing , Duan Guangyou , Ju Dapeng , Chen Ka , Deng Fang , He Wenyan ,   Biological Rhythm Academic Consortium in Chongqing (BRACQ)
Published: September 2021

The circadian clock coordinates physiology, metabolism, and behavior with the 24-h cycles of environmental light. Fundamental mechanisms of how the circadian clock regulates organ physiology and metabolism have been elucidated at a rapid speed in the past two decades. Here we review circadian networks in more than six organ systems associated with complex disease, which cluster around metabolic disorders, and seek to propose critical regulatory molecules controlled by the circadian clock (named clock-controlled checkpoints) in the pathogenesis of complex disease. These include clock-controlled checkpoints such as circadian nuclear receptors in liver and muscle tissues, chemokines and adhesion molecules in the vasculature. Although the progress is encouraging, many gaps in the mechanisms remain unaddressed. Future studies should focus on devising time-dependent strategies for drug delivery and engagement in well-characterized organs such as the liver, and elucidating fundamental circadian biology in so far less characterized organ systems, including the heart, blood, peripheral neurons, and reproductive systems.
Sense of Coherence, Social Support, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Antenatal Mental Health: A Survey of Expecting Mothers in Urban India
Authors: Pasricha Moksha , Kochhar Suhaavi , Shah Ashumi , Bhatia Avantika
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Pregnancy is associated with psychological, physiological and social shifts, and can be a vulnerable time in a woman's life. Despite a growing understanding of the importance of antenatal mental health, there is a paucity of research on psychosocial factors relevant to this phase, especially in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations of expecting mothers' sense of coherence, perceived social support, and maternal-fetal attachment with mental health outcomes.

Method: Participants (N = 122) were nulliparous expectant mothers residing in urban India. Cross-sectional data was collected using an online questionnaire.

Results: Participant reports of perceived social support and sense of coherence were negatively correlated with symptoms of antenatal depression, while reports of maternal-fetal attachment, sense of coherence, and social support were positively associated with antenatal well-being. In a multilinear regression model, perceived social support and sense of coherence uniquely contributed to symptoms of antenatal depression, while maternal-fetal attachment and sense of coherence uniquely contributed to antenatal well-being.

Discussion: The findings of this study highlight the role of perceived social support, sense of coherence and maternal-fetal attachment in contributing to expecting mothers' mental health and well-being in urban India. These findings have implications for clinical practice and research, intending to the subjective experiences of pregnant women to improve antenatal mental health. Future research investigating these psychosocial factors using longitudinal designs is warranted and would help clinicians and practitioners identify women at risk for perinatal mental health concerns.
Endocytosis and Transcytosis of SARS-CoV-2 Across the Intestinal Epithelium and Other Tissue Barriers
Authors: Knyazev Evgeny , Nersisyan Stepan , Tonevitsky Alexander
Published: September 2021

Since 2003, the world has been confronted with three new betacoronaviruses that cause human respiratory infections: SARS-CoV, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), MERS-CoV, which causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and SARS-CoV-2, which causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mechanisms of coronavirus transmission and dissemination in the human body determine the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. An important problem is the possibility that viral particles overcome tissue barriers such as the intestine, respiratory tract, blood-brain barrier, and placenta. In this work, we will 1) consider the issue of endocytosis and the possibility of transcytosis and paracellular trafficking of coronaviruses across tissue barriers with an emphasis on the intestinal epithelium; 2) discuss the possibility of antibody-mediated transcytosis of opsonized viruses due to complexes of immunoglobulins with their receptors; 3) assess the possibility of the virus transfer into extracellular vesicles during intracellular transport; and 4) describe the clinical significance of these processes. Models of the intestinal epithelium and other barrier tissues for in vitro transcytosis studies will also be briefly characterized.