bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Description and Genome Analysis of a Putative Novel Methylobacter Species (‘Ca. Methylobacter coli’) Isolated from the Faeces of a Blackbuck (Indian Antelope)
Authors: Khatri Kumal , Mohite Jyoti , Pandit Pranitha , Bahulikar Rahul A. , Rahalkar Monali C.
Published: June 2021

Enteric fermentation of methane by ruminant animals represents a major source of anthropogenic methane. Significantly less information is available on the existence of methanotrophs in the gut of ruminants. Therefore, detailed strain descriptions of methanotrophs isolated from ruminant faeces or gut are rare. We present a first report on the enrichment and isolation of a methanotroph, strain BlB1, from the faeces of an Indian antelope (blackbuck). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain BlB1 showed the highest identity (98.40% identity) to Methylobacter marinus A45T and Methylobacter luteus NCIMB 11914T. Strain BlB1 showed coccoidal cells (1.5–2 µm in diameter), which formed chains or aggregates of 3–4 cells of light yellow-coloured colonies on agarose when incubated with methane in the gas phase. The draft genome of BlB1 (JADMKV01) is 4.87 Mbp in size, with a G + C content of 51.3%. The draft genome showed 27.4% digital DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) and 83.07% average nucleotide identity (ANIb) values with that of its closest phylogenetic neighbour, Methylobacter marinus A45T. Due to the lower values of DDH and ANIb with the nearest species, and <98.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity, we propose that strain BlB1 belongs to a novel species of Methylobacter. However, as the culture has to be maintained live and resisted cryopreservation, deposition in culture collections was not possible and hence we propose a Candidatus species name, ‘Ca. Methylobacter coli’ BlB1. ‘Ca. Methylobacter coli’ BlB1 would be the first described methanotroph from ruminants worldwide, with a sequenced draft genome. This strain could be used as a model for studies concerning methane mitigation from ruminants.
Cobalt and Associated Impurities in Blue (and Green) Glass, Glaze and Enamel: Relationships between Raw Materials, Processing, Composition, Phases and International Trade
Authors: Colomban Philippe , Kırmızı Burcu , Simsek Franci Gulsu
Published: June 2021

Minerals able to colour in blue (and green in combination with yellow pigments) are limited in number and geologically. After presenting a short history of the use of cobalt as a colouring agent of glass, glaze and enamel in the Western/Mediterranean, Islamic and Asian worlds since Antiquity, we will present the different forms (dissolved ions, natural and synthetic crystalline phases/pigments) of cobalt and associated elements regarding primary (transition metals) and secondary geological deposits (transition metals and/or arsenic, bismuth, silver). Attempts to identify the origin of cobalt have been made by many authors considering the associated elements but without considering the important modifications due to different processing of the raw materials (extraction/purification/formulation). We review the information available in the ancient reports and present literature on the use of cobalt, its extraction and production from the ores, the different geological sources and their relationship with associated elements (transition metals, bismuth, arsenic, and silver) and with technological/aesthetic requirements. (Partial) substitution of cobalt with lapis lazuli is also addressed. The relative application of non-invasive mobile Raman and pXRF analytical instruments, to detect mineral phases and elements associated with/replacing cobalt is addressed, with emphasis on Mamluk, Ottoman, Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese productions. The efficiency of Ni-Zn-As diagram proposed by Gratuze et al. as a classification tool is confirmed but additionally, CoO-Fe2O3−MnO and CoO-NiO-Cr2O3 diagrams are also found as very efficient tools in this research. The relationship between the compositional data obtained from the artefacts and historical questions on the origin and date of their production are discussed in order to obtain a global historical view. The need of a better knowledge of (ancient) deposits of cobalt ores and the evolution of cobalt ore processing with time and place is obvious.
The Synthesis of a Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Macrocyclic Ligand and the Mn(II), Co(II), Zn(II) and 68Ga(III) Complexes
Authors: Grieve Melyssa L. , Davey Patrick R. W. J. , Forsyth Craig M. , Paterson Brett M.
Published: June 2021

A 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) variant bearing two thiosemicarbazone pendant groups has been prepared. The ligand forms complexes with Mn2+, Co2+ and Zn2+. X-ray crystallography of the Mn2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ complexes showed that the ligand provides a six-coordinate environment for the metal ions. The Mn2+ and Zn2+ complexes exist in the solid state as racemic mixtures of the Δ(δ,δ,δ,δ)/Λ(λ,λ,λ,λ) and Δ(λ,λ,λ,λ)/Λ(δ,δ,δ,δ) diastereomers, and the Co2+ complex exists as the Δ(δ,δ,δ,δ)/Λ(λ,λ,λ,λ) and Δ(λ,λ,λ,δ)/Λ(δ,δ,δ,λ) diastereomers. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the relative energies of the diastereomers are within 10 kJ mol−1. Magnetic susceptibility of the complexes indicated that both the Mn2+ and Co2+ ions are high spin. The ligand was radiolabelled with gallium-68, in the interest of developing new positron emission tomography imaging agents, which produced a single species in high radiochemical purity (>95%) at 90 °C for 10 min.
Combined Subcutaneous Fat Aspirate and Skin Tru-Cut Biopsy for Amyloid Screening in Patients with Suspected Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: Hansen Charlotte Toftmann , Møller Hanne E. H. , Rojek Aleksandra Maria , Marcussen Niels , Beck Hans Christian , Abildgaard Niels
Published: June 2021

Screening for systemic amyloidosis is typically carried out with abdominal fat aspirates with varying reported sensitivities. Fat aspirates are preferred for use in primary screening instead of organ biopsies as they are less invasive and thereby minimize the potential risk of complications. At Odense Amyloidosis Center, we performed a prospective study on whether the combined use of fat aspirate and tru-cut skin biopsy could increase the diagnostic sensitivity. Both fat aspirates and skin biopsies were screened with Congo Red staining, and positive biopsies were subsequently subtyped using immunoelectron microscopy and mass spectrometry. Seventy-six patients were included. In total, 24 patients had systemic amyloidosis (11 AL, 12 wtATTR, 1 AA), and 6 patients had localized amyloidosis. Combined fat aspirate and skin biopsy were Congo Red-positive in 15 patients (overall sensitivity (OS) 62.5%). Fat aspirates were positive in 14 patients (OS 58.3%), and the skin biopsy was positive in 5 patients (OS 20.8%). In only one patient did the skin biopsy add extra diagnostic information. The sensitivity differed between AL and ATTR amyloidosis—81.8% and 41.7%, respectively. Using skin biopsy as the only screening method is not recommended.
Boswellic Acids Show In Vitro Activity against Leishmania donovani
Authors: Greve Hippolyt L. , Kaiser Marcel , Mäser Pascal , Schmidt Thomas J.
Published: June 2021

In continuation of our search for leads from medicinal plants against protozoal pathogens, we detected antileishmanial activity in polar fractions of a dichloromethane extract from Boswellia serrata resin. 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) could be isolated from these fractions and was tested in vitro against Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes along with five further boswellic acid derivatives. 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) showed the strongest activity with an IC50 value of 0.88 µM against axenic amastigotes but was inactive against intracellular amastigotes in murine macrophages
Asymmetric Synthesis of Stereogenic Phosphorus P(V) Centers Using Chiral Nucleophilic Catalysis
Authors: Numan Ahmed , Brichacek Matthew
Published: June 2021

Organophosphates have been widely used in agrochemistry, as reagents for organic synthesis, and in biochemistry. Phosphate mimics possessing four unique substituents, and thereby a chirality center, are useful in transition metal catalysis and as nucleotide therapeutics. The catalytic, stereocontrolled synthesis of phosphorus-stereogenic centers is challenging and traditionally depends on a resolution or use of stochiometric auxiliaries. Herein, enantioenriched phosphorus centers have been synthesized using chiral nucleophilic catalysis. Racemic H-phosphinate species were coupled with nucleophilic alcohols under halogenating conditions. Chiral phosphonate products were synthesized in acceptable yields (33–95%) and modest enantioselectivity (up to 62% ee) was observed after identification of an appropriate chiral catalyst and optimization of the solvent, base, and temperature. Nucleophilic catalysis has a tremendous potential to produce enantioenriched phosphate mimics that could be used as prodrugs or chemical biology probes.
Resveratrol-Loaded Nanoemulsions: In Vitro Activity on Human T24 Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Rinaldi Federica , Maurizi Linda , Forte Jacopo , Marazzato Massimiliano , Hanieh Patrizia , Conte Antonietta , Ammendolia Maria , Marianecci Carlotta , Carafa Maria , Longhi Catia
Published: June 2021

The chemopreventive potential of Resveratrol (RV) against bladder cancer and its mechanism of action have been widely demonstrated. The physicochemical properties of RV, particularly its high reactivity and low solubility in aqueous phase, have been limiting factors for its bioavailability and in vivo efficacy. In order to overcome these limitations, its inclusion in drug delivery systems needs to be taken into account. In particular, oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions (NEs) have been considered ideal candidates for RV encapsulation. Since surfactant and oil composition can strongly influence NE features and their application field, a ternary phase diagram was constructed and evaluated to select a suitable surfactant/oil/water ratio. The selected sample was deeply characterized in terms of physical chemical features, stability, release capability and cytotoxic activity. Results showed a significant decrease in cell viability after the incubation of bladder T24 cancer cells with RV-loaded NEs, compared to free RV. The selected NE formulation was able to preserve and improve RV cytotoxic activity by a more rapid drug uptake into the cells. O/W NEs represent an effective approach to improve RV bioavailability.
A Molecular Shape Recognitive HPLC Stationary Phase Based on a Highly Ordered Amphiphilic Glutamide Molecular Gel
Authors: Kawamoto Naoki , Hu Yongxing , Kuwahara Yutaka , Ihara Hirotaka , Takafuji Makoto
Published: June 2021

Chiral glutamide-derived lipids form self-assembled fibrous molecular gels that can be used as HPLC organic phases. In this study, HPLC separation efficiency was improved through the addition of branched amphiphilic glutamide lipids to the side chains of a terminally immobilized flexible polymer backbone. Poly(4-vinylpyridine) with a trimethoxysilyl group at one end was grafted onto the surface of porous silica particles (Sil−VP15, polymerization degree = 15), and the pyridyl side chains were quaternized with a glutamide lipid having a bromide group (BrG). Elemental analysis indicated that the total amount of the organic phase of the prepared stationary phase (Sil−VPG15) was 38.0 wt%, and the quaternization degree of the pyridyl groups was determined to be 32.5%. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis of a methanol suspension of Sil−VPG15 indicated that the G moieties formed a highly ordered structure below the phase transition temperature even on the silica surface, and the ordered G moieties exhibited a gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition. Compared with a commercially available octadecylated silica column, the Sil−VPG15 stationary phase showed high selectivity toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and particularly excellent separations were obtained for geometrical and positional isomers. Sil−VPG15 also showed highly selective separation for phenol derivatives, and bio-related molecules containing phenolic groups such as steroids were successfully separated. These separation abilities are probably due to multiple interactions between the elutes and the highly ordered functional groups, such as the pyridinium and amide groups, on the highly ordered molecular gel having self-assembling G moieties.
Heated Assembly and Transfer of Van der Waals Heterostructures with Common Nail Polish
Authors: Haley Kristine L. , Cloninger Jeffrey A. , Cerminara Kayla , Sterbentz Randy M. , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Island Joshua O.
Published: June 2021

Recent advances in the manipulation and control of layered, two-dimensional materials has given way to the construction of heterostructures with new functionality and unprecedented electronic properties. In this study, we present a simple technique to assemble and transfer van der Waals heterostructures using common nail polish. Commercially available nail polish acts as a resilient sticky polymer, allowing for the fabrication of complex multi-material stacks without noticeable fatigue. Directly comparing four commercially available brands of nail polish, we find that one stands out in terms of stability and stacking characteristics. Using this method, we fabricate two top-gated devices and report their electrical properties. Our technique reduces the complexity in assembling van der Waals heterostructures based on the proven van der Waals pick up method.
Egg White Protein Feeding Facilitates Skeletal Muscle Gain in Young Rats with/without Clenbuterol Treatment
Authors: Koshinaka Keiichi , Honda Asuka , Iizumi Rihei , Miyazawa Yuto , Kawanaka Kentaro , Sato Akiko
Published: June 2021

Based on the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS), egg white protein (EGG) has an excellent score, comparable to that of whey protein but with a lower amount of leucine. We examined the effect of EGG feeding on rat skeletal muscle gain in comparison to that of two common animal-derived protein sources: casein (CAS) and whey (WHE). To explore the full potential of EGG, this was examined in clenbuterol-treated young rats. Furthermore, we focused on leucine-associated anabolic signaling in response to EGG after single-dose ingestion and chronic ingestion, as well as clenbuterol treatment. Because EGG is an arginine-rich protein source, a portion of the experiment was repeated with diets containing equal amounts of arginine. We demonstrated that EGG feeding accelerates skeletal muscle gain under anabolism-dominant conditions more efficiently than CAS and WHE and this stronger effect with EGG is not dependent on the arginine-rich composition of the protein source. We also demonstrated that the plausible mechanism of the stronger muscle-gain effect with EGG is not detectable in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) or insulin signaling under our experimental conditions. We conclude that EGG may have a superior efficiency in muscle gain compared to other common animal-based proteins.
Characteristics of Distinct Dietary Patterns in Rural Bangladesh: Nutrient Adequacy and Vulnerability to Shocks
Authors: Ali Zakari , Scheelbeek Pauline F. D. , Sanin Kazi Istiaque , Thomas Timothy S. , Ahmed Tahmeed , Prentice Andrew M. , Green Rosemary
Published: June 2021

Food security in Bangladesh has improved in recent years, but the country is now facing a double burden of malnutrition while also being highly vulnerable to climate change. Little is known about how this may affect food supply to different sectors of the population. To inform this, we used a national dietary survey of 800 rural households to define dietary patterns using latent class analysis. Nutrient adequacy of dietary patterns and their potential vulnerability to climate shocks (based on diversity of calorie sources) were assessed. We fitted mixed effects logistic regression models to identify factors associated with dietary patterns. Four dietary patterns were identified: rice and low diversity; wheat and high diversity; pulses and vegetables; meat and fish. The wheat and high diversity and meat and fish patterns tended to be consumed by households with higher levels of wealth and education, while the rice and low diversity pattern was consumed by households with lower levels of wealth and education. The pulses and vegetables pattern was consumed by households of intermediate socio-economic status. While energy intake was high, fat and protein intake were suboptimal for all patterns except for the wheat and high diversity pattern. All patterns had fruit and vegetable intake below the WHO recommendation. The wheat and high diversity pattern was least vulnerable to shocks, while the rice and low diversity pattern was the most vulnerable, relying mainly on single cereal staples. The diets showed “double vulnerability” where the nutrient inadequate patterns were also those most vulnerable to shocks.
Co-Infection of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Chlamydia psittaci Contributes to Salpingitis of Laying Layers and Breeder Ducks
Authors: Fang Huanxin , Quan Hongkun , Zhang Yuhang , Li Qiang , Wang Yihui , Yuan Sheng , Huang Shujian , He Cheng
Published: June 2021

Salpingitis is manifested as hemorrhagic follicular inflammation exudations and peritonitis, leading to reduced egg production and high culling of breeder flocks. From 2018 to 2021, increasing salpingitis during egg peak is threatening the poultry industry post-artificial insemination, both in breeder layers and breeder ducks across China. In our study, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis) and Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) were isolated and identified from the diseased oviducts using biochemical tests and PCR. To identify and isolate pathogenicity, we inoculated the isolates into laying hens via an intravaginal route. Later, laying hens developed typical salpingitis after receiving the combination of the aforementioned three isolates (1 × 105 IFU/mL of C. psittaci and 1 × 106 CFU/mL of E. faecalis and E. coli, respectively), while less oviduct inflammation was observed in the layers inoculated with the above isolate alone. Furthermore, 56 breeder ducks were divided into seven groups, eight ducks per group. The birds received the combination of three isolates, synergic infection of E. coli and E. faecalis, and C. psittaci alone via vaginal tract, while the remaining ducks were inoculated with physiological saline as the control group. Egg production was monitored daily and lesions of oviducts and follicles were determined post-infection on day 6. Interestingly, typical salpingitis, degenerated follicles and yolk peritonitis were obviously found in the synergic infection of three isolates and the birds inoculated with C. psittaci alone developed hemorrhagic follicles and white exudates in oviducts, while birds with E. faecalis or E. coli alone did not develop typical salpingitis. Finally, higher E. coli loads were determined in the oviducts as compared to E. faecalis and C. psittaci infection. Taken together, the combination of E. coli and E. faecalis, and C. psittaci could induce typical salpingitis and yolk peritonitis both in laying hens and breeder ducks. Secondary infection of E. coli and E. faecalis via artificial insemination is urgently needed for investigation against salpingitis.
The Role of Interleukine-10 and Interferon-γ as Potential Markers of the Evolution of African Swine Fever Virus Infection in Wild Boar
Authors: Barroso-Arévalo Sandra , Barasona Jose A. , Cadenas-Fernández Estefanía , Sánchez-Vizcaíno Jose M.
Published: June 2021

African swine fever virus (ASFv) is one of the most challenging pathogens to affect both domestic and wild pigs. The disease has now spread to Europe and Asia, causing great damage to the pig industry. Although no commercial vaccine with which to control the disease is, as yet, available, some potential vaccine candidates have shown good results in terms of protection. However, little is known about the host immune mechanisms underlying that protection, especially in wild boar, which is the main reservoir of the disease in Europe. Here, we study the role played by two cytokines (IL-10 and IFN-γ) in wild boar orally inoculated with the attenuated vaccine candidate Lv17/WB/Rie1 and challenged with a virulent ASFv genotype II isolate. A group of naïve wild boar challenged with the latter isolate was also established as a control group. Our results showed that both cytokines play a key role in protecting the host against the challenge virus. While high levels of IL-10 in serum may trigger an immune system malfunctioning in challenged animals, the provision of stable levels of this cytokine over time may help to control the disease. This, together with high and timely induction of IFN-γ by the vaccine candidate, could help protect animals from fatal outcomes. Further studies should be conducted in order to support these preliminary results and confirm the role of these two cytokines as potential markers of the evolution of ASFV infection.
Efficient Matrix Cleanup of Soft-Gel-Type Dietary Supplements for Rapid Screening of 92 Illegal Adulterants Using EMR-Lipid dSPE and UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS
Authors: Kim Beom Hee , Lee Wonwoong , Kim You Lee , Lee Ji Hyun , Hong Jongki
Published: June 2021

An efficient matrix cleanup method was developed for the rapid screening of 92 illegal adulterants (25 erectile dysfunction drugs, 15 steroids, seven anabolic steroids, 12 antihistamines, 12 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), four diuretics, and 17 weight-loss drugs) in soft-gel-type supplements by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS). As representative green chemistry methods, three sample preparation methods (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe” dispersive solid-phase extraction (QuEChERS-dSPE), and enhanced matrix removal-lipid (EMR-Lipid) dSPE) were evaluated for matrix removal efficiency, recovery rate, and matrix effect. In this study, EMR-Lipid dSPE was shown to effectively remove complicated matrix contents in soft-gels, compared to DLLME and QuEChERS-dSPE. For the rapid screening of a wide range of adulterants, extracted common ion chromatogram (ECIC) and neutral loss scan (NLS) based on specific common MS/MS fragments were applied to randomly collected soft-gel-type dietary supplement samples using UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Both ECICs and NLSs enabled rapid and simple screening of multi-class adulterants and could be an alternative to the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method. The developed method was validated in terms of limit of detection (LOD), precision, accuracy, recovery, and matrix effects. The range of LODs was 0.1–16 ng/g. The overall precision values were within 0.09–14.65%. The accuracy ranged from 81.6% to 116.6%. The recoveries and matrix effects of 92 illegal adulterants ranged within 16.9–119.4% and 69.8–114.8%, respectively. The established method was successfully applied to screen and identify 92 illegal adulterants in soft-gels. This method can be a promising tool for the high-throughput screening of various adulterants in dietary supplements and could be used as a more environmentally friendly routine analytical method for screening dietary supplements illegally adulterated with multi-class drug substances.
Laser Capture Microdissection Coupled Capillary Immunoassay to Study the Expression of PCK-2 on Spatially-Resolved Islets of Rat Langerhans
Authors: Pandey Shashank , Tuma Zdenek , Smrhova Tereza , Cedikova Miroslava , Macanova Tereza , Chottova Dvorakova Magdalena
Published: June 2021

The platform for precise proteomic profiling of targeted cell populations from heterogeneous tissue sections is developed. We demonstrate a seamless and systematic integration of LCM with an automated cap-IA for the handling of a very small-sized dissected tissues section from the kidney, liver and pancreatic Langerhans islet of rats. Our analysis reveals that the lowest LCM section area ≥ 0.125 mm2 with 10 µm thickness can be optimized for the detection of proteins through LCM-cap-IA integration. We detect signals ranging from a highly-abundant protein, β-actin, to a low-abundance protein, LC-3AB, using 0.125 mm2 LCM section from rat kidney, but, so far, a relatively large section is required for good quality of results. This integration is applicable for a highly-sensitive and accurate assessment of microdissected tissue sections to decipher hidden proteomic information of pure targeted cells. To validate this integration, PCK2 protein expression is studied within Langerhans islets of normal and diabetic rats. Our results show significant overexpression of PCK2 in Langerhans islets of rats with long-term diabetes.
Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Characterization of a Thermally Conductive Polymer Composite for Heat Exchanger Applications
Authors: Brechtl Jamieson , Li Yuzhan , Li Kai , Kearney Logan , Nawaz Kashif , Flores-Betancourt Alexis , Thompson Michael , Rios Orlando , Momen Ayyoub M.
Published: June 2021

Polymer composites are being considered for numerous thermal applications because of their inherent benefits, such as light weight, corrosion resistance, and reduced cost. In this work, the microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties of a 3D printed polymer composite with high thermal conductivity are examined using multiple characterization techniques. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction reveal that the composite contains a polyphenylene sulfide matrix with graphitic fillers, which is responsible for the high thermal conductivity. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry determines that the glass transition and melting point of the composite are 87.6 °C and 285.6 °C, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the composite is thermally stable up to ~400 °C. Creep tests are performed at different isotherms to evaluate the long-term performance of the composite. The creep result indicates that the composite can maintain mechanical integrity when used below its glass transition temperature. Nanoindentation tests reveal that modulus and hardness of the composite is not significantly influenced by heating or creep conditions. These findings indicate that the composite is potentially suitable for heat exchanger applications.
Hearing, Reflection, and Cultivation: Relating the Three Types of Wisdom to Mindfulness
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu
Published: June 2021

A text-historical perspective on the Buddhist scheme of three types of wisdom, acquired by hearing, reflection, and cultivation, shows that a bare listing in the earliest textual strata has led to somewhat differing perspectives in later exegesis of the Theravāda and Sarvāstivāda traditions, the former apparently being influenced by what appears to be an error in oral transmission. The more convincing position taken in Sarvāstivāda exegesis sees these three types of wisdom as interrelated activities that can rely on mindfulness, thereby testifying to the flexibility and broad compass of mindfulness in Buddhist thought as something not limited to a rigid division between theory and practice.
Gender-Stratified Analysis of Haitian Perceptions Related to Sexual Abuse and Exploitation Perpetrated by UN Peacekeepers during MINUSTAH
Authors: Vahedi Luissa , Stuart Heather , Etienne Stéphanie , Lee Sabine , Bartels Susan A.
Published: June 2021

Feminist scholarship has analyzed the gendered dynamics of national- and international-level risk factors for peacekeeper-perpetrated sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA); however, the gendered dynamics within the host country have not been adequately considered. Using the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) as a case study, this research analyzes gender differences within community-level perceptions of SEA. Using SenseMaker® as a data collection tool, cross-sectional qualitative and quantitative data were collected by Haitian research assistants over an 8-week period in 2017. Participants first shared a narrative in relation to MINUSTAH and then self-interpreted their narratives by noting their perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs on a variety of questions. The self-coded perceptions were analyzed quantitatively to determine patterns, and this was complemented with a qualitative analysis of the narratives. Women/girls were more likely to perceive the sexual interactions as “relationships” compared to Haitian men/boys. Furthermore, women/girls were more likely to perceive the peacekeeper as “supportive”, whereas men/boys conceptualized the peacekeeper as “authoritative”. SEA-related policies/programs, such as the UN Trust Fund in Support for Victims of SEA, should engage with local Haitian actors and consider such nuanced and gendered perceptions to maximize community trust and program efficacy.
Giving a Voice to Students with Disabilities to Design Library Experiences: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Cerdan Chiscano Monica
Published: June 2021

Although librarians generally display an inclusive management style, barriers to students with disabilities remain widespread. Against this backdrop, a collaborative research project called Inclusive Library was launched in 2019 in Catalonia, Spain. This study empirically tests how involving students with disabilities in the experience design process can lead to new improvements in users’ library experience. A mix of qualitative techniques, namely focus groups, ethnographic techniques and post-experience surveys, were used to gain insights from the 20 libraries and 20 students with disabilities collaborating in the project. Based on the participants’ voices and follow-up experiences, the study makes several suggestions on how libraries can improve their accessibility. Results indicate that ensuring proper resource allocation for accessibility improves students with disabilities’ library experience. Recommendations for library managers are also provided.
Message Sidedness Effects in Advertising: The Role of Yin-Yang Balancing Theory
Authors: Ertz Myriam , Jo Myung-Soo , Karakas Fahri , Sarigöllü Emine
Published: June 2021

Past research has shown mixed results regarding the persuasiveness of two-sided messages. Various underlying constructs were suggested to explain the differences in results. This study draws on the Yin-Yang Balancing (YYB) theory and the construct of tolerance for contradiction (i.e., the tolerance for inconsistency and resolution among contrasts) to explain differences in the effectiveness of two-sided ads. The study consisted of a cross-cultural survey involving Easterners, who hold typically higher tolerance for contradiction, with Westerners characterized by a lower tolerance for contradiction. A series of analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to explore the difference between both groups on key variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) tested the proposed conceptual model as a whole and for both groups, highlighting key cross-cultural differences. Additionally, the PROCESS macro was used to test the mediation effects posited in the model. The findings showed that although the tolerance for contradiction does not directly impact purchase intentions, it exerts both direct and indirect effects on purchase intentions through credibility and attitudes for Easterners but not for Westerners. The findings offer important theoretical and managerial implications: Two-sided ads are more effective to consumers with a higher tolerance for contradiction (e.g., Easterners) versus consumers with a lower tolerance for contradiction (e.g., Westerners).
Genetic Evidence Confirms That the Porostomate Nudibranch Dendrodoris gunnamatta Allan, 1932 Is a Morphotype of Dendrodoris krusensternii (Gray, 1850) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)
Authors: Nimbs Matt. J. , Smith Stephen D. A.
Published: June 2021

Conspecificity of the morphologically-similar, sympatric nudibranch species Dendrodoris gunnamatta (Allen, 1932) and Dendrodoris krusensternii (Gray, 1850) was tested using sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene. Data analysis supports the presence of phenotypic polymorphy in D. krusensternii where specimens from large estuaries and embayments in central New South Wales, Australia either lack or have highly reduced sky-blue ocellae.
Comparative Osteology, Phylogeny and Classification of the Eastern South American Catfish Genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)
Authors: Costa Wilson J. E. M.
Published: June 2021

Trichomycterus has been considered for a long time to be the most problematic genus of the diverse neotropical subfamily Trichomycterinae. Recently, Trichomycterus was restricted to a clade from eastern South America supported by molecular data, but no unique morphological character state was found to distinguish it, making it difficult to allocate new species based on morphology alone. The objectives of this study were to conduct an osteological comparative analysis comprising a large sample of valid species of Trichomycterus, to conduct a total evidence phylogenetic analysis, combining osteological characters and a multigene database, and to propose an intrageneric classification based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Fifty-two osteological characters were combined with a multigene molecular data set of 2974 bp for 44 species of Trichomycterus, and 21 outgroups generated a well-supported phylogenetic tree, making it possible to delimit and diagnose intrageneric lineages, of which six subgenera are recognized. The high morphological diversity of osteological structures herein first reported for Trichomycterus from eastern South America is possibly related to some ecological specializations. This study shows that osteological characters combined with molecular data may be useful to consistently delimit and distinguish between trichomycterines, shedding light on the still persistent problems in trichomycterine systematics.
Comparative Pathogenesis, Genomics and Phylogeography of Mousepox
Authors: Mavian Carla , López-Bueno Alberto , Martín Rocío , Nitsche Andreas , Alcamí Antonio
Published: June 2021

Ectromelia virus (ECTV), the causative agent of mousepox, has threatened laboratory mouse colonies worldwide for almost a century. Mousepox has been valuable for the understanding of poxvirus pathogenesis and immune evasion. Here, we have monitored in parallel the pathogenesis of nine ECTVs in BALB/cJ mice and report the full-length genome sequence of eight novel ECTV isolates or strains, including the first ECTV isolated from a field mouse, ECTV-MouKre. This approach allowed us to identify several genes, absent in strains attenuated through serial passages in culture, that may play a role in virulence and a set of putative genes that may be involved in enhancing viral growth in vitro. We identified a putative strong inhibitor of the host inflammatory response in ECTV-MouKre, an isolate that did not cause local foot swelling and developed a moderate virulence. Most of the ECTVs, except ECTV-Hampstead, encode a truncated version of the P4c protein that impairs the recruitment of virions into the A-type inclusion bodies, and our data suggest that P4c may play a role in viral dissemination and transmission. This is the first comprehensive report that sheds light into the phylogenetic and geographic relationship of the worldwide outbreak dynamics for the ECTV species.
Can Deep Learning Extract Useful Information about Energy Dissipation and Effective Hydraulic Conductivity from Gridded Conductivity Fields?
Authors: Moghaddam Mohammad A. , Ferre Paul A. T. , Ehsani Mohammad Reza , Klakovich Jeffrey , Gupta Hoshin Vijay
Published: June 2021

We confirm that energy dissipation weighting provides the most accurate approach to determining the effective hydraulic conductivity (Keff) of a binary K grid. A deep learning algorithm (UNET) can infer Keff with extremely high accuracy (R2 > 0.99). The UNET architecture could be trained to infer the energy dissipation weighting pattern from an image of the K distribution, although it was less accurate for cases with highly localized structures that controlled flow. Furthermore, the UNET architecture learned to infer the energy dissipation weighting even if it was not trained directly on this information. However, the weights were represented within the UNET in a way that was not immediately interpretable by a human user. This reiterates the idea that even if ML/DL algorithms are trained to make some hydrologic predictions accurately, they must be designed and trained to provide each user-required output if their results are to be used to improve our understanding of hydrologic systems.
Disclosure of latent fingerprints on large-sized items in specialized tents
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Drzewiecka Katarzyna , Rogoża Ewa ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: June 2021

During contact of the skin of the hand with another surface, man leaves traces of fingerprints on a variety of subjects. Covering our hands and transferred to a substrate is a sudoral-fatty substance mirroring the epidermal ridges. Thanks to the fact that the arrangement of these ridges is different for each person, the identity of a person can be established.
Development of methods for replicating forensic evidence
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Juszczyk Henryk , Ćwik Krzysztof ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of tests obtained in the process of developing methods for replicating forensic evidence and indicates the possibility of their use in further practice.
Identification of a synthetic cannabinoid 5F-NPB-22 (indazole analog 5F-PB-22) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Bachliński Robert , Mroczek Agnieszka ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: June 2021

This article presents the problem of transesterification of a synthetic cannabinoid 5F-NPB-22 and other structurally related indazole and indole-based compounds, such as NPB-22, 5F-PB-22, BB-22 and PB-22, caused by methanol – a solvent commonly applied in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The above process can result in drawing incorrect conclusions about the composition of analyzed product, due to the formation of ester compounds, which mainly affects the reliability of results. In the present study, in addition to the mixture of methanol and toluene, as well toluene alone was used to evaluate the effect of both these solvents on the results obtained with GC/MS. The quality of analyses was additionally confirmed by quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry with direct injection of sample into the ion source. The final results indicate that in the case of transesterification-sensitive compounds, the selection of an adequate extraction-solvent is of major importance. It is recommended to use toluene and exclude transesterification-supporting solvents such as low molecular weight alcohols (methanol.ethanol). Moreover, a prompt analysis of the extracted substances should be ensured in order to eliminate their potential esterification.
Selected methods for quality improvement of images and video sequences
Authors:   Forensic Laboratory of the Internal Security Agency, Trusz Paweł
Published: June 2021

The article attempts to present the methods and opportunities to improve the quality of images and video footages. Three main groups of methods used for this purpose were described, i.e. geometric transformations, point transformations and filtering. In order to present the capabilities and limitations of various research methods, the author applied them in a number of experiments, involving the use of digital materials (photographs and video sequences), prepared under the conditions resembling as nearly as possible actual casework. The digital files were registered with the use of three recording devices: mobile phone, digital camcorder and a professional camera. Research methods tested during the study have contributed to minimizing the noise in the registered materials, which led, inter alia, to the successful reading of the vehicle’s license plate numbers. Based on the experiments carried out, three main groups of factors having an impact on improving image or video footage quality were indicated, including technical parameters of the test material and recording device as well as the human factor.
Genetics and dactyloscopy – rivals or allies
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Kartasińska Ewa , Tomaszewski Tadeusz ,   University of Warsaw
Published: June 2021

For nearly hundred years, dactyloscopy - as the most effective method of human identification, was treated as the queen of all forensic examination. With the emergence of genetic analysis, particularly when a huge progress in molecular biology and genetics resulted in a more extensive scope of application of biological evidence, the rank of dactyloscopy appears to dissipate. Currently the question is whether it will be completely ruled out of practice or could be utilized alongside genetic examination. For the purpose of verification of theoretical assumptions concerning comprehensive DNA/fingerprint examination opinions and in order to identify potential mistakes which can occur in practice, the analysis of 122 comprehensive opinions from DNA/fingerprint casework examinations was carried out in relation to five police forensic laboratories in Poland in the period between 2010-2013.
Functioning of DNA Database in Poland
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Jurga Anna , Mondzelewski Jakub ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: June 2021

Forensic DNA databases that operate in the zone forming an interface between science and law have the purpose of gathering and processing DNA profiles for the needs of law enforcement and judicial authorities responsible for preventing and combating crime. Therefore, their appropriate functioning is important. On one hand, it improves efficiency of police work and, on the other hand, it has to play a required role in protecting citizen rights and personal data. The National DNA Database has functioned in Poland since 2007. Its effectiveness is correlated with the number of stored profiles. Despite small collection the Database has on numerous occasions proven its high usefulness in solving criminal cases. The possibility of carrying out searches in other countries databases, as well as legislative and organisational undertakings aiming at improvement of the Database operation are gradually bringing effects and result in an increased detective potential of this tool.
Acquisition of data encrypted in electronic components of vehicles and machinery for pre-court proceedings
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Biskup Krzysztof , Ćwik Krzysztof ,   Warsaw Polytechnics, Neumann Tadeusz ,   TOMSAD Tomasz Sadowski
Published: June 2021

The article presents results obtained during research on acquisition of data encrypted in electronic components of vehicles to be used in pre-court proceedings, as well as identifies the possibilities of their use in further practice by forensic toolmaker examiners and police officers dealing with combating vehicle related crime.
Otros títulos editados en 2019-2020
Authors: . .
Published: June 2021

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El lecayo, una soka-dantza del siglo XVI
Authors: Urrizola Hualde Ricardo
Published: June 2021

Se trata aquí sobre cuatro referencias históricas a una danza que durante los siglos XVI y XVII se conocía como la danza del lecayo. Por los testimonios de varios testigos de la época, se puede deducir que el lecayo era una danza que se podía bailar en pareja o en corro abierto con mucha gente. Además de la danza lecayo, en el presente artículo se dan testimonios sobre otra danza de origen medieval, conocida como morisca, y de una danza definida por los danzaris como «saltar de corrida», bailada en Irurita en el año 1572, lo que podría ser la referencia más antigua a una danza de saltos en Euskal Herria.
Reformulación del discurso significativo sociocultural en el entramado fortificado de la Línea P (Valle de Roncal-Navarra)
Authors: Orduna Portús Pablo M. , San Vicente Vicente Fco. Javier
Published: June 2021

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ESTADO DE SALUD MENTAL Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS EN ENFERMEROS DURANTE LA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19, EN ICA-PERÚ.
Authors: HUAMÁN-SOTO JOSÉ MANUEL , BECERRA-CANALES BLADIMIR DOMINGO
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Determinar el estado de salud mental y sus posibles factores asociados en una muestra de enfermeros durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Ica, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, transversal y analítico, realizado en la provincia de Ica, Perú; durante noviembre y diciembre del 2020 y enero del 2021. Participaron 94 enfermeros. Se recolectaron datos sobre factores socio-laborales y se aplicó el Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg. Se describieron las variables del estudio y evaluaron posibles factores asociados mediante regresión logística binaria. Resultados: De los participantes, el 57,4% presento mal estado de salud mental; 54,3% disforia general y 68,1% disfunción social. La mala salud mental, fue mayor en los licenciados en enfermería de sexo femenino, nombrados, con enfermedad sistémica, aquellos que el trabajo le produce tensión, que no han recibido capacitación sobre bioseguridad y los >20 años de ejercicio profesional, alcanzando significación estadística (P<0,05). Sin embargo, en el modelo logístico multivariado se encontró que la condición de padecer una enfermedad sistémica (p=0,049), se encuentra asociado con mal estado de salud mental. Conclusiones: Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, la prevalencia de mal estado de salud mental es alta. Incrementan la probabilidad de alterar la salud mental, la condición de tener una enfermedad sistémica; no obstante, la propia pandemia se comporta como un factor potencialmente psicopatógeno.
GRANDES GRUPOS ECONÔMICOS E AGRONEGÓCIO: REDEFINIÇÃO DAS CENTRALIDADES E INTERAÇÕES ESPACIAIS NO SUDESTE DA AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL
Authors: Sodré Reges , Macêdo Oliveira Helbaneth
Published: June 2021

A rede de cidades no Sudeste da Amazônia Oriental tem passado por importantes redefinições no que tange às centralidades e interações espaciais. Diante disso, o trabalho analisa as redefinições dessas centralidades e interações, tendo em vista a crescente atuação dos grandes grupos econômicos e do agronegócio. A pesquisa foi realizada com base em revisão bibliográfica, análise das publicações da REGIC (IBGE, 2008, 2020) e levantamento de grupos econômicos no Ranking Empresas Mais (2020), do jornal O Estado de São Paulo. Constatou-se que no topo da hierarquia regional, Palmas (TO) e Imperatriz (MA), ampliam seus papéis e funções regionais, sendo focos privilegiados de investimentos de grandes grupos econômicos varejistas nacionais. Araguaína (TO) e Marabá (PA), tem parte de seus segmentos capturados pela ascensão de Redenção (PA) e Balsas (MA), cidades estas em vias de se consolidarem como médias. Esses centros são alvos de intensos investimentos de grandes corporações do agronegócio, bem como de grupos varejistas em ascensão. Em direção a base da rede, diversas cidades se especializam na oferta de consumo produtivo agrícola e logístico, tais como Porto Nacional (TO) e Açailândia (MA).