bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examination of Sub-Grid Technique for Simulation of Sound Wave Propagation Using Constrained Interpolation Profile Method with Method of Characteristics
Authors: Ara Yuta , Okubo Kan , Tagawa Norio , Tsuchiya Takao , Ishizuka Takashi
Published: July 2011

The constrained interpolation profile (CIP) method is a novel low-dispersive numerical scheme. It is a kind of method of characteristics (MOC). In our past study, we applied the CIP method to numerical analyses of sound wave propagation. For simulations of complicated heterogeneous media or large-scale simulations of wave propagation, a new grid system is indispensable. In this study, we examined a sub-grid technique for the CIP acoustic wave simulation. It is clarified that this technique has the advantages of its small memory requirements and less calculation time.
Design and Fabrication of Fresnel Lens and ZnO Thin-Film Transducer
Authors: Pan Min-Chun , Bui Tuan-Anh , Nien Yu-Chuan , Shih Wen-Ching
Published: July 2011

A four-level Fresnel lens and piezoelectric transducer were fabricated as an ejector using focused ultrasonic energy. The influence of the fabrication parameters on the profile of the focusing lens was investigated. Highlyc-axis (002)-oriented ZnO films were successfully deposited on Pt (annealed)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates under reasonable conditions, such as RF power of 178 W, substrate temperature of 380 °C, deposition pressure of 10 mTorr, and Ar:O2gas flow ratio of 50%. These conditions were applied and confirmed through investigating the influence of deposition parameters on the properties of ZnO films.
Cut Angle Dependences of Resonant Characteristics of β-Phase Quartz
Authors: Mutoh Seiji , Uno Takehiko
Published: July 2011

Quartz is one of the excellent materials for piezoelectric and optical applications. Whereas α-phase quartz is widely used, β-phase quartz is not used for any application. We investigated the piezoelectric and elastic properties of β-phase quartz and observed clear piezoelectric responses from approximately 580 to 1,300 °C. Large positive frequency–temperature characteristics were observed and good reproducibility of the heat cycle was obtained. Because of its large frequency–temperature coefficient, β-phase quartz is likely applicable for temperature sensors at high temperatures up to 1,200 °C. Since dielectric dissipation affects the resonant characteristics of β-phase quartz at high temperature, we investigated the cut angle dependence of the dielectric dissipation and obtained an optimum cut angle for β-phase resonators.
Behavior of Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators in Supercritical CO2
Authors: Kakio Shoji , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Kondoh Eiichi , Nakagawa Yasuhiko
Published: July 2011

By utilizing a surface acoustic wave (SAW), it may be possible to realize a sensor for measuring the density fluctuation of supercritical fluids. In this study, the behaviors of a Rayleigh-SAW resonator fabricated on 128° Y–X LiNbO3 and a pure shear-horizontal-type SAW resonator fabricated on ST 90°-X quartz were measured in high-pressure CO2. Abrupt changes in resonance properties were observed at a certain pressure. The rate of change of antiresonance frequency at a pressure between 5 and 6 MPa in the case of LiNbO3 reached 1,320 ppm at approximately 199 MHz. For both the cases of LiNbO3 and quartz, it was found that the impedance, particularly antiresonance impedance, was effective for sensing the difference between gas and liquid phases without affecting the temperature. The causes of the changes in the frequency and impedance were discussed.
Experimental Studies of Quality Factor Deterioration in Shear-Horizontal-Type Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators Caused by Apodization of Interdigital Transducer
Authors: Matsuda Satoru , Miura Michio , Matsuda Takashi , Ueda Masanori , Satoh Yoshio , Hashimoto Ken-ya
Published: July 2011

We investigate how the apodization applied to interdigital transducers (IDTs) affects the quality factor Q at the antiresonance frequency of surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators. First, we fabricated SAW resonators with different apodization patterns on a SiO2/Cu/0°YX-LiNbO3 structure, and showed that the Q factor become worse when the apodization becomes steeper and the IDT aperture is narrower. Next, it was shown by optical measurement that the Q degradation is mainly due to the radiation of SH waves from the resonator. The radiation consists of energy leakage as bulk waves, diffraction, and scattering of incident SAWs, and their strength strongly depends on the steepness of the apodization pattern.
Two-Dimensional Coupling-of-Modes Analysis in Surface Acoustic Wave Device Performed by COMSOL Multiphysics
Authors: Tokuda Osamu , Hirota Kazuhiro
Published: July 2011

Practical two-dimensional (2D) simulation is required in the analysis of surface acoustic wave (SAW) responses and in the design of SAW devices. As one of the 2D simulation methods, 2D coupling-of-modes (2D-COM) equations were adopted to analyze SAW behaviors on a surface plane. However, the method solving equations analytically lacks versatility and simplicity. In this paper, we propose a method that solves equations numerically by a finite element method (FEM) to realize high versatility. To verify the validity of this method, we carried out a 2D analysis for a two-port resonator by this method. An analysis model can be built simply by using a commercial FEM tool that can solve arbitrary equations. The simulation result obtained by this method is in good agreement with previous analytical and measured ones.
Recovery of Bitumen from Oil Sand by Sonication in Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Okawa Hirokazu , Saito Tomonao , Hosokawa Ryota , Nakamura Takashi , Kawamura Youhei , Koda Shinobu
Published: July 2011

The surface of bitumen is hydrophobic; therefore, floatation separation using gas flow into the solution was considered an effective recovery mechanism of bitumen from oil sand. Low (28 kHz) and high (200 kHz) frequency sonication combined with floatation separation at 85 °C were investigated to assess the effects of different ultrasound frequencies on the recovery rate and purity of bitumen from oil sand. Hydrogen peroxide was also used as a frothing agent. The role of highly concentrated H2O2 (>100 ppm) to recover bitumen during sonication was investigated. Hydrogen peroxide formed a bubble around the bitumen, which made it rise more easily to the solution surface during sonication. The result showed a good recovery rate of bitumen. 28 kHz sonication combined with H2O2 was a more appropriate method than that of 200 kHz to recover bitumen in a short time because of its strong stripping action caused by a strong jet flow.
Manipulation of Particles in a Microchannel with Various Geometric Spaces Using Ultrasound
Authors: Kozuka Teruyuki , Yasui Kyuichi , Hatanaka Shin-ichi , Tuziuti Toru , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Towata Atsuya
Published: July 2011

A noncontact micromanipulation technique is required in micromachine technology, biotechnology, and other fields. In this study, a standing wave field was generated in a microchannel with a geometric space. It was possible to trap small objects at nodes of the sound pressure distribution in the medium. A microchannel of 1×50×1 mm3 was formed at the center of a glass plate of 50×50×5 mm3. In the experiment, when the liquid water containing particles was injected into the microchannel on the glass plate irradiated by ultrasound, the particles flowed along several layers. It was shown that the traveling wave was transmitted into the microchannel and the standing wave field was formed in the microchannel. The micromanipulation technique enabled the control of the direction of the particle flow by changing the ultrasound frequency in branched channels with a geometric region at the junction. Moreover, in a triangular region, the particles moved towards the top from the base of the triangle with a fixed frequency.
Vibrator Development for Hole Machining by Ultrasonic Longitudinal and Torsional Vibration
Authors: Asami Takuya , Miura Hikaru
Published: July 2011

We are developing a new method using ultrasonic longitudinal and torsional vibrations of a hollow-type stepped horn with diagonal slits for hole machining. We foresee that, with this method, equipment can be simplified and miniaturized. In this study, ultrasonic vibration sources of a horn with diagonal slits and a uniform rod with diagonal slits are used. The longitudinal and torsional vibration characteristics of the horn are studied and the shape of the diagonal slits is examined. As a result, to obtain the maximum torsional vibration at the tip, the diagonal slit conditions were as follows: the center position of the diagonal slits was the position of the node of longitudinal vibration, the angle was 35°, and the depth was 3.5 mm in all cases of cross-sectional ratio. It was clarified that a horn with diagonal slits can be used for hole machining of brittle materials.
Noninvasive Measurement of Transient Change in Viscoelasticity Due to Flow-Mediated Dilation Using Automated Detection of Arterial Wall Boundaries
Authors: Ikeshita Kazuki , Hasegawa Hideyuki , Kanai Hiroshi
Published: July 2011

We measured the stress–strain relationship of the radial arterial wall during a heartbeat noninvasively. In our previous study, the viscoelasticity of the intima–media region was estimated from the stress–strain relationship, and the transient change in viscoelasticity due to flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was estimated. In this estimation, it is necessary to detect the lumen–intima boundary (LIB) and the media–adventitia boundary (MAB). To decrease the operator dependence, in the present study, a method is proposed for automatic and objective boundary detection based on template matching between the measured and adaptive model ultrasonic signals. Using this method, arterial wall boundaries were appropriately detected in in vivo experiments. Furthermore, the transient change in viscoelasticity estimated from the stress–strain relationship was similar to that obtained manually. These results show the feasibility of the proposed method for automatic boundary detection enabling an objective and appropriate analysis of the transient change in viscoelasticity due to FMD.
Experimental Study on the Pulse Wave Propagation in a Human Artery Model
Authors: Yamamoto Yuya , Saito Masashi , Ikenaga Yuki , Matsukawa Mami , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Furuya Mio , Asada Takaaki
Published: July 2011

A pulse wave is composed of incident and reflected waves. Since the attenuation of the reflected wave changes markedly owing to arterial stiffness, analyzing this wave is useful for evaluating an artery. In our previous study, we proposed an estimation method for the reflected wave. However, because the actual path and reflection point of the reflected wave are unknown, it is unclear which artery contributes the reflected wave. We then attempted to investigate the reflection point and concerning artery using a human artery model. This model has four bifurcations using viscoelastic tubes, constructed with an aorta and femoral, subclavian, radial, and left carotid arteries. The details of the model are similar to those of an actual human artery. We measured the inner pressure and flow velocity using this model, and investigated the reflection point. Finally and consequently, the reflection point was estimated to be the end of the carotid artery. The estimated reflected wave was then considered to propagate in the carotid artery.
Effect of Boundary Condition on the Two-Wave Propagation in Cancellous Bone
Authors: Mizuno Katsunori , Yamashita Keisuke , Nagatani Yoshiki , Matsukawa Mami
Published: July 2011

The two-wave phenomenon in a cancellous bone surrounded by a cortical bone was investigated using the specimens obtained from large mammals. Measurements were performed using laboratory-built poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) transducers excited by a one-cycle sinusoidal wave at 1 MHz. In addition to the experimental ultrasonic measurements, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation was performed using the X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT) images (resolution: 48 µm) of the specimens. The clear separation of fast and slow waves was not seen in a specimen where the boundary of the cancellous and cortical bones was ambiguous. On the other hand, the clear separation of fast and slow waves was observed in a specimen where the boundary of cancellous and cortical bones was clear. These results indicate that the boundary characteristics between the cancellous and cortical bones strongly affect the two wave phenomenon. We should pay attention to this point in the case of in vivo assessment using this phenomenon.
Temporal expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in a mouse model of myocardial infarction
Authors: Port J. David , Walker Lori A. , Polk Jeremy , Nunley Karin , Buttrick Peter M. , Sucharov Carmen C.
Published: July 2011

Analysis of changes in gene expression is an important means to define molecular differences associated with the phenotypic changes observed in response to myocardial infarction (MI). Several studies in humans or animal models have reported differential miRNA expression in response to MI acutely (animal) or chronically (human). To determine the relative contribution of microRNA (miRNA) and mRNAs to acute and chronic temporal changes in response to MI, mRNA and miRNA expression profiles were performed in three time points post-MI. Changes in mRNA and miRNA expression was analyzed by arrays and confirmed by RT-PCR. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that several genes and miRNAs in various pathways are regulated in a temporal or phenotype-specific manner. Furthermore miRNA analyses indicated that miRNAs can target expression of several genes involved in multiple cardiomyopathy-related pathways. Our results suggest that: 1) Differentially regulated miRNAs are predicted to target expression of several genes in multiple biological processes involved in the response to MI; 2) antithetical and compensatory changes in miRNA expression are observed at later disease stages, including antithetical regulation of miR-29, which correlates with the expression of collagen genes, and upregulation of apoptosis-related miRNAs at early stages and antiapoptotic/growth promoting miRNAs at later stages; 3) temporally dependent changes in miRNA and mRNA expression post-MI are generally characterized by dramatic changes acutely postinjury and are normalized as disease progresses; 4) A combinatorial analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression may aid in determining factors involved in compensatory and decompensated responses to cardiac injury.
Development of Autoantibody Signatures as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Chang Wenjun , Wu Lingling , Cao Fuao , Liu Yan , Ma Liye , Wang Mei , Zhao Dongbao , Li Ping , Zhang Qi , Tan Xiaojie , Yu Yongwei , Lou Zheng , Zhao Jinfeng , Zhang Hongwei , Fu Chuangang , Cao Guangwen
Published: July 2011

Purpose: To select autoantibody signatures for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Experimental Design: A phage cDNA expression library was constructed with fresh tumors from 30 CRC patients and biopanned by using serum pools of 20 CRC patients and 20 healthy controls. A classifier was discovered in the training set of 30 CRC patients at stages I and II and 30 matched healthy controls and then blindly validated in an independent set of 60 CRC patients, 60 healthy controls, 52 polyps patients, and 30 autoimmune diseases patients. Expression of proteins was examined by using immunohistochemistry.

Results: Five-phage peptide clones showing higher discriminatory power than others in training set were selected for validation. The five-phage peptide classifier was able to discriminate between early CRC patients and healthy controls, with sensitivities of 90.0% to 92.7% and specificities of 91.7% to 93.3%. In those with serum carcinoembryonic antigen less than 5 ng/mL, the classifier was efficient in discriminating CRC from healthy controls, with an area under the curve of 0.975. The classifier was able to discriminate all of the 9 patients with serrated adenoma from healthy controls. Thirteen (43.3%) of the patients with autoimmune diseases were misclassified. Of the five phage peptides, one encoded a peptide identical to immunoglobulin G (IgG) heavy-chain constant region. IgG immunostaining was stronger in mesenchymal cells than in cancer cells in the tumors and was apparent in serrated adenoma.

Conclusions: The five-phage peptide classifier stands out as promising early diagnostic biomarkers for CRC, but it is unsuitable for discriminating CRC from autoimmune diseases. Truncated IgGs generated from the tumors might be novel CRC-associated antigens. Clin Cancer Res; 17(17); 5715–24. ©2011 AACR.
PRAME-Specific Allo-HLA–Restricted T Cells with Potent Antitumor Reactivity Useful for Therapeutic T-Cell Receptor Gene Transfer
Authors: Amir Avital L. , van der Steen Dirk M. , van Loenen Marleen M. , Hagedoorn Renate S. , de Boer Renate , Kester Michel D.G. , de Ru Arnoud H. , Lugthart Gert-Jan , van Kooten Cees , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Jedema Inge , Griffioen Marieke , van Veelen Peter A. , Falkenburg J.H. Frederik , Heemskerk Mirjam H.M.
Published: July 2011

Purpose: In human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–matched stem cell transplantation (SCT), it has been shown that beneficial immune response mediating graft-versus-tumor (GVT) responses can be separated from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) immune responses. In this study, we investigated whether it would be possible to dissect the beneficial immune response of allo-HLA–reactive T cells with potent antitumor reactivity from GVHD-inducing T cells present in the detrimental immune response after HLA-mismatched SCT.

Experimental Design: The presence of specific tumor-reactive T cells in the allo-HLA repertoire was analyzed at the time of severe GVHD after HLA-mismatched SCT, using tetramers composed of different tumor-associated antigens (TAA).

Results: High-avidity allo-HLA-restricted T cells specific for the TAA preferentially expressed antigen on melanomas (PRAME) were identified that exerted highly single-peptide–specific reactivity. The T cells recognized multiple different tumor cell lines and leukemic cells, whereas no reactivity against a large panel of nonmalignant cells was observed. These T cells, however, also exerted low reactivity against mature dendritic cells (DC) and kidney epithelial cells, which was shown to be because of low PRAME expression.

Conclusions: On the basis of potential beneficial specificity and high reactivity, the T-cell receptors of these PRAME-specific T cells may be effective tools for adoptive T-cell therapy. Clinical studies have to determine the significance of the reactivity observed against mature DCs and kidney epithelial cells. Clin Cancer Res; 17(17); 5615–25. ©2011 AACR.
Route of Administration Modulates the Induction of Dendritic Cell Vaccine–Induced Antigen-Specific T Cells in Advanced Melanoma Patients
Authors: Lesterhuis W. Joost , de Vries I. Jolanda M. , Schreibelt Gerty , Lambeck Annechien J.A. , Aarntzen Erik H.J.G. , Jacobs Joannes F.M. , Scharenborg Nicole M. , van de Rakt Mandy W.M.M. , de Boer Annemiek J. , Croockewit Sandra , van Rossum Michelle M. , Mus Roel , Oyen Wim J.G. , Boerman Otto C. , Lucas Sophie , Adema Gosse J. , Punt Cornelis J.A. , Figdor Carl G.
Published: July 2011

Purpose: It is unknown whether the route of administration influences dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. We compared the effect of intradermal versus intranodal administration of a DC vaccine on induction of immunologic responses in melanoma patients and examined whether concomitant administration of interleukin (IL)-2 increases the efficacy of the DC vaccine.

Experimental Design: HLA-A2.1+ melanoma patients scheduled for regional lymph node dissection were vaccinated four times biweekly via intradermal or intranodal injection with 12 × 106 to 17 × 106 mature DCs loaded with tyrosinase and gp100 peptides together with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Half of the patients also received low-dose IL-2 (9 MIU daily for 7 days starting 3 days after each vaccination). KLH-specific B- and T-cell responses were monitored in blood. gp100- and tyrosinase-specific T-cell responses were monitored in blood by tetramer analysis and in biopsies from delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin tests by tetramer and functional analyses with 51Cr release assays or IFNγ release, following coculture with peptide-pulsed T2 cells or gp100- or tyrosinase-expressing tumor cells.

Results: In 19 of 43 vaccinated patients, functional tumor antigen–specific T cells could be detected. Although significantly more DCs migrated to adjacent lymph nodes upon intranodal vaccination, this was also highly variable with a complete absence of migration in 7 of 24 intranodally vaccinated patients. Intradermal vaccinations proved superior in inducing functional tumor antigen–specific T cells. Coadministration of IL-2 did not further augment the antigen-specific T-cell response but did result in higher regulatory T-cell frequencies.

Conclusion: Intradermal vaccination resulted in superior antitumor T-cell induction when compared with intranodal vaccination. No advantage of additional IL-2 treatment could be shown. Clin Cancer Res; 17(17); 5725–35. ©2011 AACR.
Affective Processes in Human–Automation Interactions
Authors: Merritt Stephanie M.
Published: July 2011

Objective: This study contributes to the literature on automation reliance by illuminating the influences of user moods and emotions on reliance on automated systems.

Background: Past work has focused predominantly on cognitive and attitudinal variables, such as perceived machine reliability and trust. However, recent work on human decision making suggests that affective variables (i.e., moods and emotions) are also important. Drawing from the affect infusion model, significant effects of affect are hypothesized. Furthermore, a new affectively laden attitude termed liking is introduced.

Method: Participants watched video clips selected to induce positive or negative moods, then interacted with a fictitious automated system on an X-ray screening task. At five time points, important variables were assessed including trust, liking, perceived machine accuracy, user self-perceived accuracy, and reliance. These variables, along with propensity to trust machines and state affect, were integrated in a structural equation model.

Results: Happiness significantly increased trust and liking for the system throughout the task. Liking was the only variable that significantly predicted reliance early in the task. Trust predicted reliance later in the task, whereas perceived machine accuracy and user self-perceived accuracy had no significant direct effects on reliance at any time.

Conclusion: Affective influences on automation reliance are demonstrated, suggesting that this decision-making process may be less rational and more emotional than previously acknowledged.

Application: Liking for a new system may be key to appropriate reliance, particularly early in the task. Positive affect can be easily induced and may be a lever for increasing liking.
The Evaluation of Traditional and Early Driver Training With Simulated Accident Scenarios
Authors: Damm Loïc , Nachtergaële Claudine , Meskali Mohamed , Berthelon Catherine
Published: July 2011

Objective: We assessed the driving skills of novice traditionally trained, novice early-trained, and experienced drivers to evaluate whether supervised early training could improve young drivers’ skills.

Background: The overall representation of young male drivers in car crashes is a recurrent problem in developed countries. To prevent this overrepresentation, France institutes an early driver training program from the age of 16 with the supervision of an adult. However, evidence of the positive effects of this system is still lacking.

Method: Three groups of drivers (12 participants each) were confronted with five prototypical accident scenarios introduced in a simulated urban circuit. Drivers’ response time, speed, and vehicle position in the lane were analyzed.

Results: No difference was detected across groups regarding obstacle detection, as revealed by the analysis of response times. But in some unexpected scenarios, position control by traditionally trained drivers was more conservative than for more experienced drivers, and early-trained drivers were far more likely to respond with efficient evasive action.

Conclusion: The exposure gained by an early training program could thus increase the development of visuomotor coordination and involve better skills in challenging situations.

Application: The supplementary driving experience gained with the supervision of an adult during early training could promote the skills necessary to deal with risky situations. Driving simulators could be used to confront young drivers with a broad range of hazardous scenarios not commonly encountered in natural driving.
Properly Interpreting the Epidemiologic Evidence About the Health Effects of Industrial Wind Turbines on Nearby Residents
Authors: Phillips Carl V.
Published: July 2011

There is overwhelming evidence that wind turbines cause serious health problems in nearby residents, usually stress-disorder-type diseases, at a nontrivial rate. The bulk of the evidence takes the form of thousands of adverse event reports. There is also a small amount of systematically gathered data. The adverse event reports provide compelling evidence of the seriousness of the problems and of causation in this case because of their volume, the ease of observing exposure and outcome incidence, and case-crossover data. Proponents of turbines have sought to deny these problems by making a collection of contradictory claims including that the evidence does not “count,” the outcomes are not “real” diseases, the outcomes are the victims’ own fault, and that acoustical models cannot explain why there are health problems so the problems must not exist. These claims appeared to have swayed many nonexpert observers, though they are easily debunked. Moreover, though the failure of models to explain the observed problems does not deny the problems, it does mean that we do not know what, other than kilometers of distance, could sufficiently mitigate the effects. There has been no policy analysis that justifies imposing these effects on local residents. The attempts to deny the evidence cannot be seen as honest scientific disagreement and represent either gross incompetence or intentional bias.
Toward a Case Definition of Adverse Health Effects in the Environs of Industrial Wind Turbines: Facilitating a Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: McMurtry Robert Y.
Published: July 2011

Internationally, there are reports of adverse health effects (AHE) in the environs of industrial wind turbines (IWT). There was multidisciplinary confirmation of the key characteristics of the AHE at the first international symposium on AHE/IWT. The symptoms being reported are consistent internationally and are characterized by crossover findings or a predictable appearance of signs and symptoms present with exposure to IWT sound energy and amelioration when the exposure ceases. There is also a revealed preference of victims to seek restoration away from their homes. This article identifies the need to create a case definition to establish a clinical diagnosis. A case definition is proposed that identifies the sine qua non diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of adverse health effects in the environs of industrial wind turbines. Possible, probable, and confirmed diagnoses are detailed. The goal is to foster the adoption of a common case definition that will facilitate future research efforts.
Scheduled Food Hastens Re-Entrainment More Than Melatonin Does after a 6-h Phase Advance of the Light-Dark Cycle in Rats
Authors: Ángeles-Castellanos M. , Amaya J. M. , Salgado-Delgado R. , Buijs R. M. , Escobar C.
Published: July 2011

Circadian desynchrony occurs when individuals are exposed to abrupt phase shifts of the light-dark cycle, as in jet lag. For reducing symptoms and for speeding up resynchronization, several strategies have been suggested, including scheduled exercise, exposure to bright light, drugs, and especially exogenous melatonin administration. Restricted feeding schedules have shown to be powerful entraining signals for metabolic and hormonal daily cycles, as well as for clock genes in tissues and organs of the periphery. This study explored in a rat model of jet lag the contribution of exogenous melatonin or scheduled feeding on the re-entrainment speed of spontaneous general activity and core temperature after a 6-h phase advance of the light-dark cycle. In a first phase, the treatment was scheduled for 5 days prior to the phase shift, while in a second stage, the treatment was simultaneous with the phase advance of the light-dark cycle. Melatonin administration and especially scheduled feeding simultaneous with the phase shift improved significantly the re-entrainment speed. The evaluation of the free-running activity and temperature following the 5-day treatment proved that both exogenous melatonin and specially scheduled feeding accelerated re-entrainment of the SCN-driven general activity and core temperature, respectively, with 7, 5 days ( p < 0.01) and 3, 3 days ( p < 0.001). The present results show the relevance of feeding schedules as entraining signals for the circadian system and highlight the importance of using them as a strategy for preventing internal desynchrony.
Stacking Sequence and Geometrical Effects on Low-Velocity Impact Behaviors of GLARE 5 (3/2) Fiber–Metal Laminates
Authors: Seyed Yaghoubi A. , Liu Y. , Liaw B.
Published: July 2011

Impact responses and damage induced by a drop-weight on GLARE 5 (3/2) fiber–metal laminates (FMLs) with various lay-up configurations were studied experimentally. The effect of specimen geometry was also considered. The damage characteristics were evaluated using both nondestructive ultrasonic and mechanical-sectioning techniques. Only the contour of the entire damage area could be obtained using ultrasonic C-scan, whereas more details of the damage were provided through the mechanical-sectioning technique. The impact properties of FMLs were affected by laminate stacking sequence. The first severe failure induced by low-velocity impact occurred as debonding between aluminum and the adjacent fiber–epoxy layer at the nonimpact side. It was followed by a visible crack in the outer aluminum layer at the nonimpact face. GLARE 5 made of unidirectional fibers had the least impact resistance; followed by cross-ply and angle-ply configurations; while the quasi-isotropic lay-up showed the best in resistance to impact. By introducing circular, rather than square, geometry as the outer perimeter of the specimens, the damage patterns as well as impact behaviors changed due to the relative anisotropy of the specimen with respect to the specimen clamping.
Guided Imagery as a Treatment Option for Fatigue
Authors: Menzies Victoria , Jallo Nancy
Published: July 2011

Purpose: Fatigue is one of the most common complaints experienced among the general population. Because fatigue is recognized as a biobehavioral occurrence, a biobehavioral intervention such as guided imagery may be effective in reducing self-reported fatigue. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the research literature related to the use of guided imagery as a nonpharmacological mind-body intervention for the symptom of fatigue. Method: The electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 1980 to June 2010. Findings: Of 24 articles retrieved, eight met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic literature review. Findings were inconsistent regarding the effectiveness of guided imagery on fatigue. Studies varied in study length, duration of the applied guided imagery intervention, dosage, and whether the images were targeted to the purpose of the intervention. Implications: Guided imagery is a simple, economic intervention with the potential to effectively treat fatigue, thus further research is warranted using systematic, well-designed methodologies Standardizing guided imagery interventions according to total duration of exposure and targeted imagery in a variety of different populations adequately powered to detect changes will contribute to and strengthen nursing’s symptom-management armamentarium.
Keeping It Real: The Theological Contribution of Ada María Isasi-Díaz
Authors: Gonzalez Michelle A.
Published: July 2011

This paper explores the theological work of Ada María Isasi-Díaz’s Mujerista Theology, with an emphasis on the role of hybridity, daily life, and autobiography in her corpus. It also offers suggestions for future developments in this theology.
Should Women Want Women Priests or Women-Church?
Authors: Radford Ruether Rosemary
Published: July 2011

In this article, Rosemary Ruether details the development of the Roman Catholic Women’s ordination movement in the US and the emergence of the Women-church Movement as a critique of the drive to ordain women and recreate the clerical caste system. She then outlines the emergence of the Roman Catholic Womenpriests Movement which decided to find bishops and proceed with women’s ordination. She explores the disagreements between these two movements and a way to resolve this by accepting different contexts for the two movements.
Response II to Rosemary Radford Ruether: ‘Should Women Want Women Priests or Women-Church?’
Authors: Hunt Mary E.
Published: July 2011

Mary E. Hunt agrees with Rosemary Radford Ruether’s conclusion that women-church and women priests ‘both have their place in a vision of renewed church and renewed priestly ministry.’ She observes that the ‘either/or’ frame plays into what many feminists have tried to avoid with integrity, namely, setting progressive Catholic women against one another in the public arena. The writer explores the evolving relationship between and among the various feminist individuals and groups that are engaged in this work. She describes how they co-operate to transform kyriarchal Roman Catholicism and meet the needs of the world.
The Birth of Academic Subalterns
Authors: Kim Jongyoung
Published: July 2011

This study analyzes the learning and cultural experiences of Korean graduate students in the United States. Based on 50 qualitative interviews, the study focuses on how global knowledge and the power relations of language determine their education in a transnational system. At a theoretical level, the study criticizes both the functionalist approaches that limit analysis to socialization processes and the pragmatic analyses that seek to solve problems of adaptation. Rejecting these perspectives, this study instead analyzes how a series of power relations based on knowledge and language operate in a global education environment to shape cultural attitudes as well as daily interactions and interprets the result as the daily embodiment of the global hegemony enjoyed by American universities. I explain this mechanism by examining global, national, and local interactions within the global hierarchy of higher education, contradictions within the Korean university system, and students’ transnational learning experiences. During these processes, Korean graduate students, operating as academic subalterns in the global educational system, also contribute to this global hegemony through their active consent to and participation in the assumptions of American research universities. Ultimately, I argue that because the production and consumption of academic capital operates within the power structure of global higher education, we need to pay attention to how various power relations conjoin in transnational learning and teaching, and how they dynamically generate academic domination beyond the functionalist approach.
Drug Sentencing in South Korea: The Influence of Case-Processing and Social Status Factors in an Ethnically Homogeneous Context
Authors: Lee Minsik , Ulmer Jeffery T. , Park MiRang
Published: July 2011

For several decades, researchers have studied sentencing outcomes in the United States and, to a much lesser extent, other Western countries. Although much research on punishment decisions focuses on Black, White and, to a lesser extent, Hispanic disparities, South Korea presents an opportunity to examine the role of extra-legal factors in criminal punishment in an ethnically homogeneous society. The authors investigate sentencing outcomes for drug offenses in South Korea, using data from the six largest cities in South Korea from 1997 to 2001. The authors find that legal factors connected to the offense and past criminal behavior of the offender primarily determined the length of sentences for Korean drug offenders. The authors also find that admitting guilt resulted in shorter sentences but that those represented by publically provided attorneys received modestly longer sentences. The authors also find males and older offenders receiving longer sentences.
Effects of Red Ginseng Extract on the Epididymal Sperm Motility of Mice Exposed to Ethanol
Authors: Jang Mi , Min Jin-Woo , In Jun-Gyo , Yang Deok-Chun
Published: July 2011

The protective effects of red ginseng extract and ginseng wine against ethanol-induced male reproductive toxicity were evaluated in male mice using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Mice were divided into 4 groups of 10 and fed plain saline, 6 g/kg per d of ethanol in saline, red ginseng extract plus ethanol, or a fermented preparation of red ginseng extract daily for 5 weeks. We found that the average seminal vesicle weight was significantly lower in the ethanol-treated group compared to the control group, while those of the ginseng-treated groups tended to be higher than the ethanol-treated group. We found a significant decrease in sperm motility and progressiveness in mice treated with ethanol for 5 weeks, while administration of ethanol plus red ginseng extract appeared to minimize the negative effects of ethanol toxicity on male fertility. Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were insignificantly lower in the ethanol-treated group than in the control group.
In Vivo Prevention of Bladder Urotoxicity
Authors: Rouissi Kamel , Hamrita Bechr , Kouidi Soumaya , Messai Yosra , Jaouadi Bassem , Hamden Khaled , Medimegh Imen , Ouerhani Slah , Cherif Mohamed , Elgaaied Amel Benammar
Published: July 2011

Urotoxicity is a troublesome complication associated with cyclophosphamide (CP) and L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine (BSO) treatment in chemotherapy. With this concern in mind, the present study investigated the potential effects of a hydroxytyrosol extract from olive mill waste (OMW) on urotoxicity induced by acute CP and BSO doses using a Swiss albino mouse model. Toxicity modulation was evaluated by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidants in urinary bladder. The findings revealed that the hydroxytyrosol extract exerted a protective effect not only on LPO but also on enzymatic antioxidants. When compared to the controls, the CP-treated animals underwent significant decreases in the glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP), and catalase (CAT) activities. The level of glutathione (GSH) was also reduced with increased doses of LPO in the CP-treated animals. L-Buthionine-SR-sulfoximine treatment exerted an additive toxic effect on the CP-treated animals. Interestingly, pretreatment with the hydroxytyrosol extract restored the activities of all enzymes back to normal levels and exhibited an overall protective effect on the CP- and BSO-induced toxicities in urinary bladder. The restoration of GSH through the treatment with the hydroxytyrosol extract can play an important role in reversing CP-induced apoptosis and free radical-mediated LPO.
The language of collaboration: Dialogue and identity in teacher professional development
Authors: Crafton Linda , Kaiser Eileen
Published: July 2011

This article explores several professional development models currently being used in the US and in other countries to support teacher learning, including coaching, mentoring and communities of practice. While in some contexts the activities of the participants are informed by social constructivist views of learning, the authors argue that communities of practice offers the most promising lens for sustained growth and change. Two contrasting scenarios are presented offering a sharp illustration of the difference between a coach who assumes and maintains the position of expert, versus a consultant positioned as a collaborator and colleague in meaning-making through turn-taking and authentic dialogue. Literacy coaching and mentoring based on traditional definitions and practices may set the tone for professional development that diminishes the power and voice of teachers as agents for change — their own and that of their colleagues. This article emphasizes that it is the language of collaboration and dialogic processes that influence the development of learners within the community as it simultaneously shapes the identities of those who inquire within it.
The Danish Adoption Register
Authors: Petersen Liselotte , Sørensen Thorkild I.A.
Published: July 2011

Introduction: The Danish Adoption Register was established in 1963—1964 to explore the genetic and environmental contribution to familial aggregation of schizophrenia. Content: The register encompass information on all 14,425 non-familial adoptions of Danish children legally granted in Denmark 1924—1947. It includes name and date of birth of each adoptee and his or her biological and adoptive parents, date of transfer to adoptive parents and date of formal adoption. Validity and coverage: The linkage to biological and adoptive parents is close to complete, even biological fathers are registered for 91.4% of the adoptees. Conclusion: Adoption registers are a unique source allowing disentangling of genetic and familial environmental influences on traits, risk of diseases, and mortality.
The Danish National Health Service Register
Authors: Sahl Andersen John , De Fine Olivarius Niels , Krasnik Allan
Published: July 2011

Introduction: To describe the Danish National Health Service Register in relation to research. Content: The register contains data collected for administrative and scientific purposes from health contractors in primary health care. It includes information about citizens, providers, and health services but minimal clinical information. Validity and coverage: The register covers everyone living in Denmark and data is available from 1990. No validity studies have been reported. Because the data is connected to reimbursement the coverage is assumed to be good. Conclusion: The strengths of the register include completeness, size, and long follow-up period. It is useful for research purposes but reservations must be made regarding its validity.
The Danish Register of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Olsen Morten , Videbæk Jørgen , Paaske Johnsen Søren ,   The Danish Register of Congenital Heart Disease
Published: July 2011

Introduction: Congenital heart defects (CHD) constitute the largest group of congenital defects with a prevalence at birth of 5—11 per 1000 live births, and the population of adults with CHD is increasing. However, few population-based long-term outcome data exist. Content: The Danish Register of Congenital Heart Disease holds data on patients diagnosed with CHD since 1963 and patients below 25 years of age with other types of heart disease. Validity and coverage: Overall and defect specific validation is ongoing. Conclusion: Together with other Danish registers, the Danish Register of Congenital Heart Disease provides extensive research possibilities.
Register-based research on twins
Authors: Christensen Kaare , Ohm Kyvik Kirsten , Holm Niels V , Skytthe Axel
Published: July 2011

Introduction: The Danish Twin Registry (DTR) has for more than 50 years been based on surveys and clinical investigations and over the two last decades also on register linkage. Currently these two approaches are merged within Statistics Denmark. Research topics: Here we report on three major groups of register-based research in the DTR that used the uniqueness of twinning. First, we focus on the ‘‘long-term prognosis’’ of being a twin compared with being a singleton and show that Danish twins have health trajectories in adulthood similar to singletons, which is a result of interest for twins and their families as well as a test of the fetal origins hypothesis that states that fetal growth restriction has long-term health consequences. Secondly, we summarise some of the most important register-based ‘‘classical twin studies’’, e.g. heritability studies on lifespan and exceptional longevity. Finally, we illustrate how the co-twin control method in a register setting can be used to control for the effect of rearing environment and genetic factors in studies of the association between exposures and health. Conclusion: The spectrum of register-based twin studies is very wide and have changed in accordance with methodological and data resource developments.
Obesity research based on the Copenhagen School Health Records Register
Authors: Baker Jennifer L. , Sørensen Thorkild I.A.
Published: July 2011

Introduction: To summarise key findings from research performed using data from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register over the last 30 years with a main focus on obesity-related research. The register contains computerised anthropometric information on 372,636 schoolchildren from the capital city of Denmark. Additional information on the cohort members has been obtained via linkages with population studies and national registers. Research topics: Studies using data from the register have made important contributions in the areas of the aetiology of obesity, the development of the obesity epidemic, and the long-term health consequences of birth weight as well as body size and growth in childhood. Conclusion: Research using this unique register is ongoing, and its contributions to the study of obesity as well as other topics will continue for years to come.
Work environment as predictor of long-term sickness absence: Linkage of self-reported DWECS data with the DREAM register
Authors: Burr Hermann , Pedersen Jacob , Hansen Jørgen Vinsløv
Published: July 2011

Introduction: The present overview discusses ten papers dealing with four research topics using self-reported work environment in the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study (DWECS) linked with register data on long-term sickness absence (LTSA) in the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalisation (DREAM). Research topics: Research relied on self-reported data among 3000—5000 employees linked with registered LTSA data. Analyses were performed with Cox regression models. Risk groups: Kindergarten teachers and daycare workers were at high risk for LTSA. Risk factors: Mainly physical exposures but also psychosocial factors were risk factors for LTSA. Attributable fractions: A quarter of LTSA spells could be attributed to the physical work environment. Most of the association between social class and LTSA was explained by physical work environment and smoking. Mechanisms: Depressive symptoms, severe pain in hands, and low back and pain intensity were risk factors for LTSA. Only in work sites with traditional leadership did health problems predict LTSA. Conclusion: The linking of DWECS with DREAM has made it possible to estimate the importance of work environment factors for LTSA. Future research should deal with possible risk factors such as health problems and organisational factors.