bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational Safety and Related Impacts on Health and the Environment
Authors: Watterson Andrew
Published: October 2016

The inter-relationship between safety, health and the ‘environment’ is a complex and at times a relatively neglected topic. In this issue, ‘safety’ is often viewed by contributors as ‘health and safety’ and includes occupationally‐related ill health as well as injury or harm to employees and the wider public. ‘Environment’ is also interpreted in the widest sense covering both physical and work environments with upstream work hazards presenting risks to downstream communities. The focus is very much on exploring and where possible addressing the challenges, some old and some facing workers in a range of public and private settings and also at times their nearby communities. The 19 papers in the issue cover public and private sectors, global and very local populations, macro‐theoretical perspectives, large epidemiological and some single factory or hospital site small case studies. A number of the papers are just beginning to explore and draw out for the first time the risks from hazards in their part of the world. The methodologies adopted also range from lab-based studies through ergonomic assessments and interventions to therapeutic approaches.
Circulating MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Exercise Response
Authors: Polakovičová Mája , Musil Peter , Laczo Eugen , Hamar Dušan , Kyselovič Ján
Published: October 2016

Systematic physical activity increases physical ﬁtness and exercise capacity that lead to the improvement of health status and athletic performance. Considerable effort is devoted to identifying new biomarkers capable of evaluating exercise performance capacity and progress in training, early detection of overtraining, and monitoring health-related adaptation changes. Recent advances in OMICS technologies have opened new opportunities in the detection of genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic biomarkers. Very promising are mainly small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA and causing its degradation or inhibiting translation. A growing body of evidence suggests that miRNAs affect many processes and play a crucial role not only in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, but also affect extracellular matrix composition and maintaining processes of homeostasis. A number of studies have shown changes in distribution proﬁles of circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) associated with various diseases and disorders as well as in samples taken under physiological conditions such as pregnancy or physical exercise. This overview aims to summarize the current knowledge related to the response of blood c-miRNAs proﬁles to different modes of exercise and to highlight their potential application as a novel class of biomarkers of physical performance capacity and training adaptation.
Matière à penser. Controverses féministes autour du matérialisme
Authors: Cervulle Maxime
Published: October 2016

À partir d’une relecture de la controverse qui, en 1979, opposa Christine Delphy aux britanniques Michèle Barrett et Mary McIntosh, cet article propose de reconsidérer la nature de la tension entre féminismes matérialiste et poststructuraliste qui a émergé en France à partir des années 1990. Ces deux querelles, qui se succèdent historiquement, apparaissent en effet traversées par un même conflit, relatif à la conception du matérialisme. Ce questionnement sur le hors-champ de la ‘méthode marxienne’ qu’a empruntée Delphy fait écho aux conflits théoriques qui caractérisent les réceptions croisées des modèles féministes des deux côtés de l’Atlantique et de la Manche. Un retour sur le contexte intellectuel britannique, dans lequel s’est déployée la controverse de 1979, permettra d’éclairer certaines des dynamiques du clivage contemporain qui, au sein des théories féministes, oppose artificiellement idéalisme et matérialisme. Il autorisera en outre une exploration des liens qui unissent les cultural studies et le féminisme poststructuraliste.
La sociologie des rapports sociaux de sexe : une lecture féministe et matérialiste des rapports hommes/femmes
Authors: Dunezat Xavier
Published: October 2016

L’article présente les principaux apports du courant dit de la sociologie des rapports sociaux de sexe au féminisme matérialiste français. D’abord, il retrace les prémisses de ce courant et les lignes de tension qui en sont à l’origine. Ensuite, il montre comment les trois apports épistémologiques majeurs de ce courant (division sexuelle du travail, rapport social, consubstantialité) fondent une sociologie matérialiste des rapports sociaux et de leur articulation. Enfin, il interroge le ‘travail d’émancipation’ en pointant les ambivalences qui structurent la production des subjectivités dominées, les dynamiques mobilisatrices, l’organisation du travail militant.
Questionner une situation porteuse d’apprentissage potentiel sur le lieu du travail : une proposition pour la formation d’Assistant de Service Social (ASS)
Authors: Ollivier Élisabeth
Published: October 2016

La formation d’ASS, réformée dans le cadre général du processus de Bologne, est adossée depuis 2004 à un certain nombre de référentiels. Le principe de l’alternance est réaffirmé et la place des « terrains » renforcée. La prescription d’une alternance intégrative représente une opportunité pour interroger la formation initiale et continuée. Dans le cadre d’une recherche compréhensive qui porte sur l’activité de tutorat des ASS auprès de stagiaires, nous tentons de comprendre, dans une optique de didactique professionnelle, les chemins empruntés par les débutants dans leur apprentissage professionnel et les questions qui se posent à leurs accompagnateurs. Dans cet article, nous spécifions en quoi et comment une situation du répertoire professionnel « l’aide financière », dans son extension conceptuelle, peut se révéler pertinente pour l’apprentissage des règles du métier et la construction identitaire professionnelle.
L’imaginaire transhumaniste ou le rêve de Google
Authors: Chifflet Stéphanie
Published: October 2016

Depuis 2002 et un rapport de la National Science Foundation étatsunienne, les technologies convergentes (nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, technologies de l’information, sciences cognitives) ont connu un développement colossal. De nombreux États se sont ainsi dotés de programmes ambitieux visant à approfondir les recherches et à stimuler l’innovation dans les domaines technoscientifiques (en Europe, en Asie, etc.). Face à l’avancée des technosciences a émergé une philosophie promouvant le développement des technologies convergentes pour l’amélioration du corps humain et la manipulation de son environnement : le transhumanisme. C’est aujourd’hui un courant de plus en plus connu, bénéficiant en outre de représentants prestigieux et influents (William Bainbridge, Ray Kurzweil, Aubrey de Grey par exemple). Le présent article vise à sonder l’imaginaire transhumaniste à partir du roman Adrian humain 2.0 de Laurent Alexandre et David Angevin. Nous consacrons notre propos aux implications politiques, sociales et éthiques d’un imaginaire devenu projet de civilisation par l’une des plus grandes firmes du monde : Google.
La influencia francesa en el urbanismo de la ciudad de México: 1775-1910
Authors: Christlieb Federico Fernández
Published: October 2016

Con el trazo del Paseo de Bucareli en 1775, se inaugura el urbanismo de influencia francesa en la capital de la Nueva España. Para entonces, París es, gracias a las obras realizadas desde la época de Luis XIV, una especie de síntesis del urbanismo occidental que se nutre de la Antigüedad clásica y del Renacimiento italiano. Entre las características de este tipo de urbanismo destacan el uso de la línea recta y la observancia de la simetría, la homogeneidad y la geometría regular en las formas urbanas. Se trata, entre otras cosas, de privilegiar la perspectiva. París se hace aún más celebre tras los trabajos emprendidos por el prefecto Haussmann durante el Imperio de Napoleón III; con él se agrega, a la regularidad, un fundamento higienista y estratégico para proteger (y controlar) a la población. Debido a las dificultades políticas y económicas por las que atraviesa entonces el México independiente, la influencia francesa no se hace sentir de lleno sino hasta el porfiriato. época en la que la ciudad de México se extiende siguiendo las características estéticas y funcionales que hemos mencionado. Dos aspectos adicionales son tratados a lo largo de este artículo: la diferencia entre el urbanismo y la arquitectura neoclásicos, que obedecen a impulsos transformadores distintos, y la periodización de la influencia francesa en la ciudad de México con base en el análisis de su estructura urbana.
Entre la tolerancia y la prohibición de la prostitución: el pensamiento del higienista Parent Duchatelet
Authors: Urroz Rosalina Estrada
Published: October 2016

El control del ejercicio del amor venal tiene raíces coloniales. En la medida que se convierte en un problema de salud pública, por la propagación de las enfermedades venéreas, se incrementa la vigilancia. Los partidarios del reglamentarismo justifican su posición en argumentos médicos y morales. La presencia en el siglo xix e inicios del xx del pensamiento del higienista francés Parent Duchatelet se constituye en una justificación para la «tolerancia», pero también para el control y la represión que viven desde mitad del siglo xix aquellas mujeres que «venden sus amores».
La Cappadoce
Authors: Jolivet-Lévy Catherine
Published: October 2016

«Patrimoine de la Méditerranée» : une collection qui se propose de retrouver l'esprit des lieux, de les faire revivre à travers leur histoire, de susciter l'imagination du passé. Chaque ouvrage, s'appuyant sur les acquis les plus récents de la recherche, s'organise autour d'un thème privilégié. Des récits des premiers voyageurs aux tours organisés aujourd'hui, la Cappadoce n'a cessé d'étonner explorateurs et visiteurs, séduits par l'alliance des paysages saisissants et des monuments. Modelé par l'érosion, le tuf tendre de la région a été aussi creusé par l'homme d'une multitude d'habitations, de refuges, de tunnels, d'églises et de monastères. Les témoignages archéologiques byzantins, qui s'échelonnent de l'époque paléochrétienne au XIIIe siècle, mais sont surtout nombreux aux Xe et XIe siècles, nous éclairent sur l'histoire et la société de cette province centrale d'Asie Mineure, qui fit partie de l'Empire byzantin jusqu'à sa conquête par les Turcs Seldjoukides à la fin du XIe siècle. Ces vestiges variés nous restituent en partie la vie d'une population rurale nombreuse dans une région qui n'était pas seulement monastique. En retraçant l'histoire de la Cappadoce, en favorisant la lecture des monuments et de leurs décors, Catherine Jolivet-Lévy nous convainc que c'est bien là que reste vivante la mémoire de Byzance.
Which Functions are Fractionally Differentiable?
Authors: Vainikko Gennadi
Published: October 2016

We examine the existence of fractional derivatives of a function in terms of the pointwise convergence or equiconvergence of certain improper integrals containing this function. The fractional differentiation operator is treated as the inverse to the Riemann-Liouville integral operator. Technically, we give a description of the range of the Riemann-Liouville operator. The results are reformulated also for Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives.
Application of the LS-STAG Immersed Boundary/Cut-Cell Method to Viscoelastic Flow Computations
Authors: Botella Olivier , Cheny Yoann , Nikfarjam Farhad , Stoica Marcela
Published: October 2016

This paper presents the extension of a well-established Immersed Boundary (IB)/cut-cell method, the LS-STAG method (Y. Cheny & O. Botella, J. Comput. Phys. Vol. 229, 1043-1076, 2010), to viscoelastic flow computations in complex geometries. We recall that for Newtonian flows, the LS-STAG method is based on the finite-volume method on staggered grids, where the IB boundary is represented by its level-set function. The discretization in the cut-cells is achieved by requiring that global conservation properties equations be satisfied at the discrete level, resulting in a stable and accurate method and, thanks to the level-set representation of the IB boundary, at low computational costs.

In the present work, we consider a general viscoelastic tensorial equation whose particular cases recover well-known constitutive laws such as the Oldroyd-B, White-Metzner and Giesekus models. Based on the LS-STAG discretization of the Newtonian stresses in the cut-cells, we have achieved a compatible velocity-pressure-stress discretization that prevents spurious oscillations of the stress tensor. Applications to popular benchmarks for viscoelastic fluids are presented: the four-to-one abrupt planar contraction flows with sharp and rounded re-entrant corners, for which experimental and numerical results are available. The results show that the LS-STAG method demonstrates an accuracy and robustness comparable to body-fitted methods.
A CITYGML EXTENSION FOR HANDLING VERY LARGE TINS
Authors: Kumar K. , Ledoux H. , Stoter J.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. In addition to buildings, the terrain forms an important part of a 3D city model. Although in GIS terrains are usually represented with 2D grids, TINs are also increasingly being used in practice. One example is 3DTOP10NL, the 3D city model covering the whole of the Netherlands, which stores the relief with a constrained TIN containing more than 1 billion triangles. Due to the massive size of such datasets, the main problem that arises is: how to efficiently store and maintain them? While CityGML supports the storage of TINs, we argue in this paper that the current solution is not adequate. For instance, the 1 billion+ triangles of 3DTOP10NL require 686 GB of storage space with CityGML. Furthermore, the current solution does not store the topological relationships of the triangles, and also there are no clear mechanisms to handle several LODs. We propose in this paper a CityGML extension for the compact representation of terrains. We describe our abstract and implementation specifications (modelled in UML), and our prototype implementation to convert TINs to our CityGML structure. It increases the topological relationships that are explicitly represented, and allows us to compress up to a factor of ∼ 25 in our experiments with massive real-world terrains (more than 1 billion triangles).
3D GEO-INFORMATION IN URBAN CLIMATE STUDIES
Authors: Petrescu F. , Aldea M. , Luca O. , Iacoboaea C. , Gaman F. , Parlow E.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. 3D geo-information is essential for urban climate studies. It is obvious that both natural environment and built-up environment play the fundamental role in defining the climatic conditions for urban areas, which affect the quality of human life and human comfort. The paper presents the main categories of 3D geo-information used in urban climate studies and roles in creating and operating the numerical models specially designed to simulate urban planning scenarios and improvement of the urban climate situation.
Mutation of the rice XA21 predicted nuclear localization sequence does not affect resistance toXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae
Authors: Wei Tong , Chen Tsung-Chi , Ho Yuen Ting , Ronald Pamela C.
Published: October 2016

Background

The rice receptor kinase XA21 confers robust resistance to the bacterial pathogenXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae(Xoo). We previously reported that XA21 is cleaved in transgenic plants overexpressing XA21 with a GFP tag (Ubi-XA21-GFP) and that the released C-terminal domain is localized to the nucleus. XA21 carries a predicted nuclear localization sequence (NLS) that directs the C-terminal domain to the nucleus in transient assays, whereas alanine substitutions in the NLS disrupt the nuclear localization.

Methods

To determine if the predicted NLS is required for XA21-mediated immunityin planta, we generated transgenic plants overexpressing an XA21 variant carrying the NLS with the same alanine substitutions (Ubi-XA21nls-GFP).

Results

Ubi-XA21nls-GFP plants displayed slightly longer lesion lengths, higherXoobacterial populations after inoculation and lower levels of reactive oxygen species production compared with theUbi-XA21-GFP control plants. However, theUbi-XA21nls-GFP plants express lower levels of protein than that observed inUbi-XA21-GFP.

Discussion

These results demonstrate that the predicted NLS is not required for XA21-mediated immunity.
New Pathways for the Dual Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Diynes
Authors: Tšupova Svetlana , Hansmann Max M. , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: October 2016

The reaction of thiophene‐based diynes with dual‐activation gold catalysts can provide cyclobutene derivatives or different polycycles by selective C−H insertion reactions. Also, the first σ,π‐digold diyne complex was obtained in a stoichiometric reaction, providing insight into the dual activation mechanism. The new products were unambiguously identified by X‐ray single‐crystal structure analysis.
Language, Literacy, and the Saintly Body: Cistercian Reading Practices and theLife of Lutgard of Aywières(1182–1246)
Authors: Smith Rachel
Published: October 2016

Many years before the death of Lutgard of Aywières (1182–1246), a thirteenth-century Cistercian nun renowned for her asceticism and visionary insight, Thomas of Cantimpré (ca. 1200–ca. 1270) approached a group of nuns and lay brothers to arrange for the disposal of her relics should she die during his absence. Thomas—a Dominican preacher and theologian who penned a hagiography of Lutgard in addition to several other holy women of the mid-thirteenth century Low Countries—wanted her hand as “a sacred memorial” (sacram memoriam). The abbess Hadewijch agreed to his request. Repeating a medieval misogynistic commonplace, Thomas then wrote that “since it is women's nature to be unable to keep secrets. . . the nuns told Lutgard how I had ordered her hand to be cut off.”
Mobilizing for Some
Authors: Heiss Raffael , Matthes Jörg
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This study investigated the effects of politicians’ nonparticipatory and participatory Facebook posts on young people’s political efficacy – a key determinant of political participation. We employed an experimental design, using a sample of N = 125 high school students (15–20 years). Participants either saw a Facebook profile with no posts (control condition), nonparticipatory posts, or participatory posts. While nonparticipatory posts did not affect participants’ political efficacy, participatory posts exerted distinct effects. For those high in trait evaluations of the politician presented in the stimulus material or low in political cynicism, we found significant positive effects on external and collective efficacy. By contrast, for those low in trait evaluations or high in cynicism, we found significant negative effects on external and collective efficacy. We did not find any effects on internal efficacy. The importance of content-specific factors and individual predispositions in assessing the influence of social media use on participation is discussed.
Comparison of the Effects of Individual and Group-Level Perspective	Taking on Intergroup Reconciliation
Authors: Barth Markus , Stürmer Stefan
Published: October 2016

Abstract. We investigated the effects of different perspective taking instructions on emotional variables in the context of intergroup reconciliation. In three experiments we found that individual-level and group-level perspective taking increased willingness to compensate an outgroup for historical transgressions of the ingroup. The data suggests that the two forms of perspective taking trigger different psychological processes. Individual-level perspective taking was more strongly linked to feelings of empathy. Group-level perspective taking increased feelings of collective guilt. Collective guilt mediated the positive effect of group-level perspective taking on willingness to compensate. No such effect was found for individual-level perspective taking.
Antibody titres and boosting after natural malaria infection in BK-SE36 vaccine responders during a follow-up study in Uganda
Authors: Yagi Masanori , Palacpac Nirianne M. Q. , Ito Kazuya , Oishi Yuko , Itagaki Sawako , Balikagala Betty , Ntege Edward H. , Yeka Adoke , Kanoi Bernard N. , Katuro Osbert , Shirai Hiroki , Fukushima Wakaba , Hirota Yoshio , Egwang Thomas G. , Horii Toshihiro
Published: October 2016

The malaria vaccine BK-SE36 is a recombinant protein (SE36) based on the Honduras 1 serine repeat antigen-5 of Plasmodium falciparum, adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide gel. The phase Ib trial in Uganda demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity of BK-SE36. Ancillary analysis in the follow-up study of 6–20 year-old volunteers suggest significant differences in time to first episodes of clinical malaria in vaccinees compared to placebo/control group. Here, we aimed to get further insights into the association of anti-SE36 antibody titres and natural P. falciparum infection. Children who received BK-SE36 and whose antibody titres against SE36 increased by ≥1.92-fold after vaccination were categorised as responders. Most responders did not have or only had a single episode of natural P. falciparum infection. Notably, responders who did not experience infection had relatively high anti-SE36 antibody titres post-second vaccination compared to those who were infected. The anti-SE36 antibody titres of the responders who experienced malaria were boosted after infection and they had lower risk of reinfection. These findings show that anti-SE36 antibody titres induced by BK-SE36 vaccination offered protection against malaria. The vaccine is now being evaluated in a phase Ib trial in children less than 5 years old.
Robust regulation of hepatic pericentral amination by glutamate dehydrogenase kinetics
Authors: Bera Soumen , Lamba Sanjay , Rashid Mubasher , Sharma Anuj K. , Medvinsky Alexander B. , Acquisti Claudia , Chakraborty Amit , Li Bai-Lian
Published: October 2016

α-Ketoglutarate substrate inhibition kinetics of hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase amination activity confers robust control over the ratio between glutamate and ammonium.
Silver nanoparticles supported on a nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel composite catalyst for an oxygen reduction reaction in aluminum air batteries
Authors: Li Shihua , Miao He , Xu Qing , Xue Yejian , Sun Shanshan , Wang Qin , Liu Zhaoping
Published: October 2016

A facile one-step hydrothermal method to prepare the Ag/N-RGO composite as an efficient ORR electrocatalyst.
Time‐delay stability control strategy considering the jump characteristic of power system
Authors: Ma Jing , Wang Shangxing , Wu Jie , Guo Peng , Thorp James S.
Published: October 2016

In view of the jump characteristic of power system, a time‐delay stability control strategy that avoids the effect of jump progress is proposed in this study. First, the Newton–Leibniz formula based on the free weighting matrix and the time‐delay system model considering Markov jump are introduced to the differential equation of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, and a non‐linear minimising time‐delay controller considering the jump characteristic of power system is designed. Then, the Schur complement is used to decouple the non‐linear items in the control algorithm, so that the matrix inequalities containing the non‐linear items are transformed to standard linear matrix inequalities. Thus, low solving efficiency due to iteration could be avoided. Time‐domain simulation tests on the IEEE 16‐machine 68‐bus system verify that the proposed controller could effectively damp the inter‐area oscillations before and after the system jump, and the system after jump will not go unstable due to the time‐delay control measures before the jump. Compared with traditional time‐delay control methods, the proposed method is suitable for power system with jump characteristic and has better computational efficiency.
Urteil zur Scheinselbstständigkeit: Notarztversorgung bundesweit in Gefahr
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: October 2016

Laut dem BSG dürfen in Rettungswagen Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns künftig keine Honorar-Notärzte mehr beschäftigt werden. Das könnte sich auf alle anderen Bundesländer auswirken. Die Krankenhäuser in Baden-Württemberg haben jedoch längst reagiert.
Mitarbeitersicherheit: Was tun?
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: October 2016

Immer häufiger attackieren Patienten Klinikmitarbeiter. Die ersten Krankenhäuser postieren Sicherheitskräfte in den Notaufnahmen und machen damit gute Erfahrungen.
Serie: Innovative IT-Projekte: Asklepios Qualitätsmonitor
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: October 2016

Bei Asklepios wissen Manager und Chefärzte dank eines Software-Tools immer genau, wie es aktuell um die Qualität in allen Kliniken des Konzerns bestellt ist. Im Interview schildert Projektmanager Stefan Kruse die Vorteile der IT-Lösung.
Branche in Zahlen
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: October 2016

Dieser Artikel ist nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Effect of Modification Protocols on the Effectiveness of Gold Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Killing of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Alhalili Zahrah , Figueroa Daniela , Johnston Martin R. , Shapter Joe , Sanderson Barbara
Published: October 2016

The current study evaluated the potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the delivery of Taxol to breast cancer cells (T47D) using an in vitro cell culture model. For this study, new loading approaches and novel chemical attachments were investigated. Five different gold nanoparticle-based complexes were used to determine their cytotoxicity towards T47D cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay. There was no significant decrease (P > 0.05) in cell viability when T47D cells were treated with AuNPs that did not contain Taxol. However, cells were significantly killed by gold nanoparticles chemically conjugated to Taxol using three different approaches and one novel hybrid AuNP-Taxol nanoparticle, wherein no chemical bonds were involved. These Taxol-loaded AuNPs were more effective at inducing cell death in vitro than a solution of free Taxol used to treat cells. This result demonstrated that Taxol could be released from the particles in the cell culture media for subsequent therapeutic action. Additionally, the experiments proved that the Taxol-loaded AuNPs were more toxic in a dose dependent manner than Taxol as a formulation for the treatment of breast cancer cells. The results of this study suggest that gold nanoparticles have potential for the efficient delivery of Taxol to breast cancer cells. This could provide a future solution as an alternative application method to overcome adverse side effects resulting from current high-dose treatment regimes.
CAN PERIPHERAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY B-SCANS INFLUENCE THE SURGEON'S DECISION ON EPISCLERAL SURGERY?
Authors: Alkabes Micol , Massaro Domenico , Ranno Stefano , Nucci Paolo
Published: October 2016

Purpose:

To describe the case of a young boy affected by a rhegmatogenous retinal redetachment in whom the use of peripheral optical coherence tomography led the vitreoretinal surgeon to treat the patient with an additional surgery instead of a “watchful waiting” strategy.

Methods:

A 13-year-old boy was referred to the Vitreoretinal Department of the study institution affected by a macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal redetachment in his right eye secondary to a second blunt trauma. Three months before, he was treated with episcleral surgery and cryopexy as a result of a first traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Once presented to the study Department for a second opinion, a complete ophthalmic examination and optical coherence tomographic scans of the peripheral retina were performed.

Results:

Preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 20/63 (Snellen equivalent). Because the tomographic images clearly showed that the edges of the causative retinal break were not attached to the previous encircling buckle, a second episcleral surgery was performed. Postoperative peripheral optical coherence tomographic B-scans immediately revealed the effective indenting effect of the new scleral buckle, showing a complete reattachment of retinal break's edges. Despite some residual subretinal fluid, best-corrected visual acuity increased to 20/32 after 6 months of the surgery, and no retinal redetachment was observed.

Conclusion:

Pre- and postoperative peripheral optical coherence tomography may help the vitreoretinal surgeon to better evaluate the status of the adhesion between the outer retina and the retinal pigment epithelium after episcleral surgery, especially at the level of the retinal tears causing the retinal detachment. This observation could ultimately influence the surgical decision whether to treat if the suspect buckle's malpositioning is also detected on these images.
Popularizers, participation and the transformations of nineteenth-century publishing: From the 1860s to the 1880s
Authors: Lightman Bernard
Published: October 2016

Focusing on the editors, journalists and authors who worked on the new ‘popular science’ periodicals and books from the 1860s to the 1880s, this piece will discuss how they conceived of their readers as co-participants in the creation of knowledge. The transformation of nineteenth-century publishing opened up opportunities for making science more accessible to a new polity of middle and working class readers. Editors, journalists and authors responded to the communications revolution, and the larger developments that accompanied it, by defining the exemplary scientist in opposition to the emerging conception of the professional scientist, by rejecting the notion that the laboratory was the sole legitimate site of scientific discovery and by experimenting with new ways of communicating scientific knowledge to their audience.
Bending, longitudinal and torsional wave transmission on Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams with high propagation losses
Authors: Wang X. , Hopkins C.
Published: October 2016

Advanced Statistical Energy Analysis (ASEA) is used to predict vibration transmission across coupled beams which support multiple wave types up to high frequencies where Timoshenko theory is valid. Bending-longitudinal and bending-torsional models are considered for an L-junction and rectangular beam frame. Comparisons are made with measurements, Finite Element Methods (FEM) and Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA). When beams support at least two local modes for each wave type in a frequency band and the modal overlap factor is at least 0.1, measurements and FEM have relatively smooth curves. Agreement between measurements, FEM, and ASEA demonstrates that ASEA is able to predict high propagation losses which are not accounted for with SEA. These propagation losses tend to become more important at high frequencies with relatively high internal loss factors and can occur when there is more than one wave type. At such high frequencies, Timoshenko theory, rather than Euler-Bernoulli theory, is often required. Timoshenko theory is incorporated in ASEA and SEA using wave theory transmission coefficients derived assuming Euler-Bernoulli theory, but using Timoshenko group velocity when calculating coupling loss factors. The changeover between theories is appropriate above the frequency where there is a 26% difference between Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko group velocities.
Effects of stimulus level and rate on psychophysical thresholds for interleaved pulse trains in cochlear implants
Authors: Hughes Michelle L. , Goehring Jenny L. , Baudhuin Jacquelyn L. , Schmid Kendra K.
Published: October 2016

This study examined channel interactions using interleaved pulse trains to assess masking and potential facilitative effects in cochlear-implant recipients using clinically relevant stimuli. Psychophysical thresholds were measured for two adjacent mid-array electrodes; one served as the masker and the other as the probe. Two rates representative of those found in present-day strategies were tested: 1700 and 3400 pulses per second per channel. Four masker levels ranging from sub-threshold to loud-but-comfortable were tested. It was hypothesized that low-level maskers would produce facilitative effects, shifting to masking effects at high levels, and that faster rates would yield smaller masking effects due to greater stochastic neural firing patterns. Twenty-nine ears with Cochlear or Advanced Bionics devices were tested. High-level maskers produced more masking than low-level maskers, as expected. Facilitation was not observed for sub-threshold or threshold-level maskers in most cases. High masker levels yielded reduced probe thresholds for two Advanced Bionics subjects. This was partly eliminated with a longer temporal offset between each masker-probe pulse pair, as was used with Cochlear subjects. These findings support the use of temporal gaps between stimulation of subsequent electrodes to reduce channel interactions.
Finite-size effects in disordered λφ4 model
Authors: Acosta Diaz R. , Svaiter N. F.
Published: October 2016

We discuss finite-size effects in one disordered [Formula: see text] model defined in a [Formula: see text]-dimensional Euclidean space. We consider that the scalar field satisfies periodic boundary conditions in one dimension and it is coupled with a quenched random field. In order to obtain the average value of the free energy of the system, we use the replica method. We first discuss finite-size effects in the one-loop approximation in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We show that in both cases, there is a critical length where the system develop a second-order phase transition, when the system presents long-range correlations with power-law decay. Next, we improve the above result studying the gap equation for the size-dependent squared mass, using the composite field operator method. We obtain again that the system present a second-order phase transition with long-range correlation with power-law decay.
A Novel HBE-MCM-Based Multiplier Architecture for 8-Point DCT Structure
Authors: Kiruba M. , Sumathy V.
Published: October 2016

The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) structure plays a significant role in the signal processing applications such as image and video processing applications. In the traditional hardware design, the 8-point DCT architecture contains more number of logical slices in it. Also, it consists of number of multipliers to update the weight. This leads to huge area consumption and power dissipation in that architecture. To mitigate the conventional drawbacks, this paper presents a novel Hierarchical-based Expression (HBE)-Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM)-based multiplier architecture design for the 8-point DCT structure used in the video CODEC applications. The proposed work involves modified data path architecture and Floating Point Processing Element (FPPE) architecture. Our proposed design of the multipliers and DCT architecture requires minimum number of components when compared to the traditional DCT method. The HBE-MCM-based multiplier architecture includes shifters and adders. The number of Flip-Flops (FFs) and Look Up Tables (LUTs) used in the proposed architecture is reduced. The power consumption is reduced due to the reduction in the size of the components. This design is synthesized in VERILOG code language and implemented in the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The performance of the proposed architecture is evaluated by comparing it with traditional DCT architecture in terms of the Number of FFs, Number of LUTs, area, power, delay and speed.
Scanlation e o poder do leitor-autor na tradução de mangás
Authors: Aragão Sabrina Moura
Published: October 2016

O presente trabalho propõe uma reflexão inicial acerca da scanlation, prática tradutória exercida por fãs de mangá de forma não profissional. Em se tratando de uma atividade motivada por interesses pessoais ou coletivos de grupos de leitores que se inserem em um contexto específico, interessa-nos observar as características e estratégias utilizadas em tais traduções e no que elas se diferenciam em relação às traduções publicadas pelas editoras. Para tanto, analisaremos o décimo volume do mangá Fairy Tail, de Hiro Mashima, com as respectivas scanlations feitas por fãs brasileiros e as traduções publicadas pela editora JBC. Atentaremos, ainda, para questões de identidade em tradução, tendo em vista os aspectos próprios dos mangás e seu público leitor.
Is an Oral Anticoagulant Necessary for Young Atrial Fibrillation Patients With a CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc Score of 1 (Men) or 2 (Women)?
Authors: Hung Yuan , Chao Tze‐Fan , Liu Chia‐Jen , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Liao Jo‐Nan , Chung Fa‐Po , Lin Wen‐Yu , Lin Wei‐Shiang , Cheng Shu‐Meng , Chen Tzeng‐Ji , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Chen Shih‐Ann
Published: October 2016

Background

Recent studies demonstrated that oral anticoagulants (OACs) should be considered for patients with atrial fibrillation and 1 risk factor in addition to sex. Because age is an important determinant of ischemic stroke, the strategy for stroke prevention may be different for these patients in different age strata. The aim of this study was to investigate whether OACs should be considered for patients aged 20 to 49 years with atrial fibrillation and a CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score of 1 (men) or 2 (women).

Methods and Results

Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 7374 male patients with atrial fibrillation and a CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score of 1 and 4461 female patients with atrial fibrillation and a CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score of 2 and all without antithrombotic therapies were identified and stratified into 3 groups by age. The threshold for the initiation of OACs for stroke prevention was set at a stroke rate of 1.7% per year for warfarin and 0.9% per year for non–vitamin K antagonist OACs. Among male patients aged 20 to 49 years with a CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score of 1, the risk of ischemic stroke was 1.30% per year and ranged from 0.94% per year for those with hypertension to 1.71% for those with congestive heart failure. Among female patients aged 20 to 49 years with a CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score of 2, the risk of ischemic stroke was 1.40% per year and ranged from 1.11% per year for those with hypertension to 1.67% for those with congestive heart failure.

Conclusions

For atrial fibrillation patients aged 20 to 49 years with 1 risk factor in addition to sex, non–vitamin K antagonist OACs should be considered for stroke prevention to minimize the risk of a potentially fatal or disabling event.
Forget Time
Authors: Lachièze-Rey Marc
Published: October 2016

Is there a notion of time compatible with the physical world? Because this is certainly not the case with Newtonian time, the answer requires a wider conception of time. I propose such a conception under the form of a synthesis of the “primary” notions of dating and chronology, duration, and causality. Although these notions (that I precisely define) are often confused with “time” itself, I insist on their conceptual and operational differences. These notions appear perfectly relevant and operational in the Newtonian world; moreover, they show intimate relations that justify a (Newtonian) universal time as their synthesis. I suggest enlarging this characterization of “time” beyond the Newtonian context. The incompatibility of such a synthesis with realistic observations or measurements (described in the context of relativistic Einsteinian physics) leads us to conclude the impossibility of reconciling a notion of time with the physical world.
Ratifying the Amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on the Crime of Aggression
Authors: Wong Meagan S.
Published: October 2016

The Review Conference of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in Kampala adopted amendments to the Rome Statute, providing for a definition and conditions for the jurisdiction of the crime of aggression (‘Kampala Amendments’). At present, the jurisdiction over crime of aggression has not come into effect at the International Criminal Court (ICC). For the activation of the Court’s jurisdiction over the crime of aggression, two cumulative conditions must be met: first, a minimum of 30 ratifications of the Kampala Amendments must take place; second, a majority of two thirds of States Parties have to make a decision to activate the Court’s jurisdiction after 1 January 2017. This paper analyses salient legal aspects of the activation of the Court’s jurisdiction over the crime of aggression. First, the question whether the requirements of 30 ratifications will be met will be considered. Second, the relationship of the entry into force mechanism of the amendments and the conditions for the exercise of jurisdiction will be analysed. Third, the procedure of ascertainment of the jurisdictional regime of the ICC over the crime of aggression, with particular reference to State referrals and proprio motu investigations, will be dealt with. Fourth, the need for States Parties intending to ratify the Kampala Amendments to implement the crime of aggression into their domestic legislation will be explored. Finally, the paper will explore the question whether the aggressor State (party) must ratify the Kampala Amendments in order for the jurisdictional regime over the crime of aggression to apply, or whether it suffices that the aggressed State is a ratifying State Party. A qualified solution will be suggested: while the latter reading of the law is the better one, consent of the aggressor State (party) is nevertheless upheld pursuant to the sui generis jurisdictional regime of the ICC over the crime of aggression.
Regulating the Whale Wars: Freedom of Protest, Navigational Safety and the Law of the Sea in the Polar Regions
Authors: Caddell Richard
Published: October 2016

In recent years, strong concerns have been raised over the increasing numbers of disorderly protests and aggressive activism at sea. Maritime protests raise difficult – and understudied – legal questions concerning the boundaries between the legitimate application of rights of freedom of speech and assembly on the one hand, and the need to ensure safety of navigation on the other. This article examines the legal arguments in favour of maritime protest as well as national responses to it, in the context of two Polar case studies. Firstly, this article appraises the confrontational activism of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society in its anti-whaling campaign in Antarctica, and the problematic application of anti-piracy legislation to more aggressive campaign groups. Secondly, this article examines the position in relation to oil platforms, as exemplified by the Prirazlomnaya dispute in the Arctic, as well as controversial developments in Antarctic jurisdictions. In so doing, this article argues that the protection accorded to direct action protests at sea is considerably more limited than many campaign groups might appreciate.
A Special Use of the Third Person Singular Pronoun
Authors: Liejiong Xu
Published: October 2016

The special use of the 3rd person singular pronoun ta in Chinese distinguishes itself in that (i) its antecedent NP can be [±animate] and (ü) in that the antecedent can be plural as weIl as singular. Syntactically, the antecedent occurs typically as a sentence topic, a subtopic (i.e. topic within VP), as the object of ba, the subject of bei or the head of a relative clause. Semantically, a verb that takes such a pronoun as its object must be a predicate involving the features of disposal, telicity, irrealis and agentivity. This pronoun cannot be identified with any of the pronominal categories known from the literature, but it represents a new type: the D-pronoun.
Words for 'one' in Báimă
Authors: CHIRKOVA Katia
Published: October 2016

This article describes different words for 'one' in Báimă, a language spoken at the border of Sichuān and Gānsu provinces in China. According to Sūn Hóngkāi, the profusion of words for 'one' in Báimă is one of the features that distinguish Báimă from Tibetan. This paper discusses the distribution of various words for 'one' in a corpus of Báimă stories collected during a fieldwork in 2003, and comments on their meanings and functions, on restrictions of their co-occurrence, and on their interchangeability and etymology. Contrary to Sūn's conclusion, it is argued that all forms are cognate with Tibetan.
UN EMPLOI PARTICULIER DE YOU () EN CHINOIS ARCHAIQUE
Authors: DJAMOURI Redouane
Published: October 2016

This article tries to show that all the "YOU ()+Noun" nominal compounds in Early Archaic Chinese express a collective and generic value. This peculiar meaning is due to the presence of YOU itself and is derivated from the fondamental existential value of this morpheme. Both epigraphical and philological data legitimate this derivation. Depending on the nominal terms it precedes, YOU can modifie some of their semantic features in order to present them in a generic acceptation. Some theorical justifications are provided, and it is shown how "YOU+N" compounds always fit a definite, discreet and generic interpretation.
Questions of Method in Chinese-Tibeto-Burman Comparison
Authors: SAGART Laurent
Published: October 2016

It is argued that the reconstructed Tibeto-Burman vocabulary includes an important layer of Chinese loanwords. Some examples are presented.
Republicanism, Rights and Democratic Athens
Authors: Carter D.M.
Published: October 2016

In a recent article Paul Cartledge and Matt Edge argue that the modern republican tradition offers a useful framework for understanding the Athenian concept of freedom, and that within this framework the Athenians protected their freedoms without reference to a concept of rights. This paper agrees with both of these conclusions but identifies and corrects three assumptions behind Cartledge and Edge’s argument: that the only purpose of rights is to protect individual freedoms against the state; that rights have no place at all in the republican tradition; and that the ancient Greeks did not understand rights. In fact the Athenians did have an understanding of rights but they did not use rights to protect freedoms. The reason for this is that the protected freedom is a very modern and particularly sophisticated application of the concept of rights.
The Imperfect Phase Pattern of Real Parabolic Radar Antenna and Data Quality
Authors: Feng Ya-Chien , Fabry Frédéric
Published: October 2016

Although antennas have well-known power patterns that are commonly used to understand the quality of measurements, they also have phase patterns that are difficult to obtain and are seldom discussed in the radar meteorological community. This study presents the characteristics of the antenna phase pattern of the McGill S-band radar. Phase variations in azimuth and elevation with respect to the main beam axis are obtained using high-resolution scans of an isolated ground target and of an emission source. The two-way phase pattern is relatively constant within the radar main beam, but it changes rapidly at the power minima between the main beam and the first sidelobe. The effects of this phase pattern on ground and weather targets were evaluated and were found to be much more pronounced for point targets than for distributed targets. Nevertheless, proper knowledge of the phase pattern of the radar antenna would enhance the ability to better select ground targets for radar refractivity retrieval and to estimate the quality of radar data.