bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The representation of colonials and natives in French colonial cinema from 1918 to 1945
Authors: Barthet Frédéric
Published: January 2022

In spite of having an empire that was second only to Britain's by 1914, the French people remained mostly unconvinced by and mistrustful of the colonial idea. There is no better proof of this than the French colonial films between 1918 and 1945 which depicted the empire in a particularly unattractive way while seemingly advocating the colonial cause. The paradox is all the more surprising given that the negative image that emerges from the films made in France around the colonial theme was not the manifestation of an anti-colonialism subtly disguised to avoid governmental censorship, but the mere expression of the general feeling of the French about their colonies. The lack of Gallic enthusiasm for the empire translated on screen into an intrinsic mistrust for what was regarded as the epitome of danger and despair.
Stylistics and children’s literature
Authors: Burke Michael , Coats Karen
Published: January 2022

This article constitutes an introduction to the five articles that appear in this special issue. This framing process starts by highlighting the sparse, yet important, work that has been conducted over the past 20 years on children’s literature in the field of stylistics. The focus in the article then turns to a more general discussion of the language of children’s literature. Here, in this chronological overview of language usage in books written for children, an outline is sketched from the writers and philosophers of the enlightenment up to contemporary debates on literacy, cognition and theory of mind. In the section that follows, the five studies that appear in this special issue are briefly synopsized. What becomes apparent is the wide range of methodological approaches that have been taken by the scholars in question to analyze the texts that are under investigation, in both quantitative and qualitative ways. The article ends with a plea for more stylistic work to be conducted in the areas of both children’s literature and young adult fiction. This is especially pertinent because stylisticians possess the key linguistic and analytic skills and tools to help, in interdisciplinary settings, to address current social, emotional and cognitive challenges pertaining to child development through literacy and through reading in particular.
Transnational Research Collectives as “Constellations of Co-Resistance”: Counterstorytelling, Interweaving Struggles, and Decolonial Love
Authors: Atallah Devin G. , Dutta Urmitapa , Masud Hana R. , Bernal Ireri , Robinson Rhyann , Del Rio Michelle , Voyard Celine , Al-Ajarma Yousef , Antilef Iván , Kalam Azad Abdul , Bivens Donna , Darwish Aya , Contreras Painemal Carlos , Hakim Caesar , Hussain Kazi Sharowar , Jones Daria , Marrero Wendy , Mervin Amatullah , Mitchell Steven S. , Mullah Manjuwara , Musleh Abeer , Lizama Elizabeth Pilquil , Rosa Maria , Yan Catalina Tang , Jara Giovanna Cecilia Tabilo
Published: January 2022

Settler colonialism and coloniality dominate and dismember the truths, the bodies, and the lands of the colonized. Decolonization and decoloniality involve intergenerational, embodied, and emplaced pathways of resistance, rehumanization, healing, and transformation. In this article, we uplift the healing and transformative power of transnational stories and embodied knowledges that are rooted in four research collectives: the Palestinian Resilience Research Collective (PRRC) in the West Bank; the Mapuche Equipo Colaborativo para la Investigación de la Resiliencia (MECIR) in Chile; the Community Action Team (CAT) in Boston, USA; and the Miya Community Research Collective (MCRC) in Assam, Northeast India. We, the co-authors of this article, are directly connected to these four research collectives. Across our collectives, we work to defend the right to exist, to belong, and to express our full range of humanity as racialized and colonized communities in distinct, yet connected, sites of struggle. Our transnational focus of this article is premised on a fundamental rejection of borders, even as we recognize the material and psychosocial realities of borders. In co-writing this article, we bring decolonial solidarity into life through “constellations of co-resistance,” a concept used by Indigenous scholars such as Leanne Betasamosake Simpson to describe complex connective fabrics across decolonial struggles. We share our reflections on three practices of decolonial solidarity that shine through each of our transnational research collectives as three constellations of co-resistance: counterstorytelling, interweaving struggles, and decolonial love.
Screw dislocation pileups in a two-phase thin film
Authors: Yang Ping , Wang Xu , Schiavone Peter
Published: January 2022

The method of continuously distributed dislocations is used to study the distribution of screw dislocations in a linear array piled up near the interface of a two-phase isotropic elastic thin film with equal thickness in each phase. The resulting singular integral equation is solved numerically using the Gauss–Chebyshev integration formula to arrive at the dislocation distribution function and the number of dislocations in the pileup.
Unpacking Psychological Ownership: How Transactional and Transformational Leaders Motivate Ownership
Authors: L. Guarana Cristiano , Avolio Bruce J.
Published: January 2022

Psychological ownership represents feelings of responsibility for and possession over a target, which can be both tangible in terms of physical resources, or intangible regarding one's relationships. Here we examine how two well-established leadership styles can trigger six different facets of psychological ownership and their corresponding ownership behaviors, by using regulatory focus and identity theory to explain how psychological ownership emerges and influences an individual's work behavior. We provide specific propositions that link two leadership styles to an individual's activated regulatory focus and self-identity, which results in six different facets of ownership. We use these different facets of ownership to examine how each contributes to explaining how leaders motivate their followers to engage in and take on different work challenges and opportunities, thus advancing both the leadership and psychological ownership literatures. We combine leadership style and psychological ownership to determine the type of ownership behavior and work performance that results based on which ownership facets are triggered.
Metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Moreira Mayle Andrade , da Câmara Saionara Maria Aires , Fernandes Sabrina Gabrielle Gomes , Azevedo Ingrid Guerra , Cavalcanti Maciel Álvaro Campos
Published: January 2022

Objective:

This study aims to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome between different age groups of middle-aged and older women and to assess whether these differences are independent of potential covariates.

Methods:

Study conducted with 510 women divided into three age groups: 45–54, 55–64 and 65–74 years. Socioeconomic, reproductive and lifestyle variables were self-reported. We defined metabolic syndrome using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (abdominal obesity, diabetes, reduced high-density lipoprotein, elevated triglycerides, and hypertension). Logistic regression assessed the association between age groups, and metabolic syndrome was adjusted for covariates (socioeconomic variables, age at menarche and at first childbirth, parity, menopausal status, physical activity variables and smoking).

Results:

Women aged 55–64 years presented higher prevalence of all metabolic syndrome criteria than the other groups, except for abdominal obesity, which was higher in the oldest group. In the fully adjusted analysis, the 55–64 years age group continues to exhibit significantly higher odds of presenting metabolic syndrome when compared to the youngest group (45–54 years) (OR = 2.257; 95% CI = 1.20:4.24). There was no statistical difference in the odds of presenting metabolic syndrome when comparing the oldest and the youngest groups (OR = 1.500; 95% CI = 0.85:2.65).

Conclusion:

The higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome among those aged 55–64 years may indicate that middle-aged women become unhealthy earlier in the life course and that many of them may die prematurely. This result highlights the importance of screening metabolic syndrome earlier in the midlife and the need for public health policies aimed at reducing adverse effects in later years.
Comparison of two measurement devices for obtaining horizontal force-velocity profile variables during sprint running
Authors: Feser Erin , Lindley Kyle , Clark Kenneth , Bezodis Neil , Korfist Christian , Cronin John
Published: January 2022

This study established the magnitude of systematic bias and random error of horizontal force-velocity (F-v) profile variables obtained from a 1080 Sprint compared to that obtained from a Stalker ATS II radar device. Twenty high-school athletes from an American football training group completed a 30 m sprint while the two devices simultaneously measured velocity-time data. The velocity-time data were modelled by an exponential equation fitting process and then used to calculate individual F-v profiles and related variables (theoretical maximum velocity, theoretical maximum horizontal force, slope of the linear F-v profile, peak power, time constant tau, and horizontal maximal velocity). The devices were compared by determining the systematic bias and the 95% limits of agreement (random error) for all variables, both of which were expressed as percentages of the mean radar value. All bias values were within 6.32%, with the 1080 Sprint reporting higher values for tau, horizontal maximal velocity, and theoretical maximum velocity. Random error was lowest for velocity-based variables but exceeded 7% for all others, with slope of the F-v profile being greatest at ±12.3%. These results provide practitioners with the information necessary to determine if the agreement between the devices and the magnitude of random error is acceptable within the context of their specific application.
Effects of different sprint training programs with ball on explosive, high-intensity and endurance-intensive performances in male young soccer players
Authors: Marzouki Hamza , Ouergui Ibrahim , Cherni Bilel , Ben Ayed Karim , Bouhlel Ezdine
Published: January 2022

This study compared the effects of different sprint ball-based training programs on fitness-related performances in youth soccer players. Forty male players (age: 15.2 ± 0.6 yrs) participated in a short-term (8 weeks) randomized parallel fully controlled training study, with pre-to-post measurements. Players were randomly assigned to 3 sprint ball-based training groups: training with combined sprint (performing linear and change of direction sprints; CST), or using linear sprint (LST), or performing sprint with change of direction (CODT) and to a control group (CONT). Pre- and post-training players completed a test battery involving linear sprinting (10 and 20 m, and flying 10 m), 505 test (COD), 15 m test with ball (CODB), countermovement jump test (CMJ test) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). All physical performance’ variables improved after the training intervention (all p < 0.05; ES ≥ 0.2). No main effect of groups was observed in linear sprinting, CMJ and VO2max (p > 0.05; ES < 0.2). A training group main effect was found (p < 0.0001; ES = 0.50) for COD with CODT induced better performance than LST and CONT (all p <0.0001; ES > 0.8). Also, a training group main effect (p = 0.009; ES = 0.35) was found for CODB with CODT elicited better performance than LST and CONT (all p = 0.001; ES > 0.80). Our findings suggest that ball-based training programs were more effective to improve fitness levels in youth players during the in-season period and that CODT modality was more effective to improve COD and CODB performances.
A cross-sectional evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived challenges among Palestinian pharmacists regarding COVID-19
Authors: Koni Amer , Taha Sari , Daifallah Aiman , Koni Mouath , Abutaha Shatha , Sabateen Ali , Zyoud Sa’ed H
Published: January 2022

Objectives:

This study aims to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived challenges regarding coronavirus disease 2019 among pharmacists in Palestine.

Methods:

An online method was used to collect the data. Three hundred sixty-four pharmacists participated in the study from all areas in the Palestinian territories. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: sociodemographics; knowledge, attitudes, practices regarding coronavirus disease 2019; and barriers that prevent the implementation of infection control measures. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program Version 21 was used to analyze the data. Variables were expressed as frequencies, percentages, mean, and median. The chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Pearson’s test were applied, along with logistic regression analysis.

Results:

The median age of the participants was 29 years old, and most of them were female (70.9%). The analysis found that 76.4% of pharmacists had good knowledge regarding coronavirus disease 2019, and 52.7% had good practices. The median attitude score recorded by the participants was 32 points [Q1–Q3: 30–34] out of 35. Notably, the level of concern regarding coronavirus disease 2019 was significantly associated with all three tools of measurement; knowledge ( p = 0.001), attitudes ( p = 0.001), and practices ( p = 0.001). It also appears that more years of experience had higher odds (3–5 years of experience: odds ratio, 2.560; 95% confidence interval, 1.413–4.639; p = 0.002, more than 5 years: odds ratio, 2.931; 95% confidence interval, 1.188–7.232; p = 0.020) of good practice.

Conclusion:

Although an acceptable level of knowledge was found, it might be considered inadequate. Moreover, there is a lack of appropriate adherence to safety measures from pharmacists. Therefore, we recommend the responsible authorities generate an organized training program to expand pharmacists’ knowledge and experience regarding coronavirus disease 2019.
The Mediating Role of Interaction Between Watching Motivation and Flow of Sports Broadcasting in Multi-Channel Network
Authors: Choi Eui-Yul
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to grasp the structural path to watchers’ flow by applying watching motivation to multi-channel network (MCN), which is spreading as a new sports broadcasting medium and to emphasize the role of interaction in MCN. A survey for the MCN users over the age of 19 participating in sports contents was conducted. Results showed that among watching motivation factors fun, host appeal, and content appeal had significant positive effects on interaction in sports broadcasting of MCN. Interaction was also found to have a positive effect on watchers’ flow. In the relationship between watching motivation and watchers’ flow, it was shown that fun, host appeal, and content appeal had significant positive effects on watchers’ flow by a partial mediating effect of interaction. The watchers’ flow through interaction is expected to result in sustainable participation behaviors in sports broadcasting of MCN.
Children’s University: How Does It Make a Difference?
Authors: Aral Neriman , Kartal Metin , Deniz Gülleroğlu Hamide , Aslan Berna , Özdoğan Özbal Ece , Aydos Sebahat , Kadan Gül , Dinçer Ayşemine
Published: January 2022

Last five decades have witnessed the comprehensive growth of science education around the world as the science is regarded as the major tenets of innovation and economic growth. Various extant studies on science education have concentrate on how to deliver and put the science in both curriculum and classrooms. However, there are rarely researches on the evaluation of the science curriculum and its impact on the scientific skills. Likewise, despite the science curricula being implemented from the 2009 onward in Ankara Children’s University, they have not yet been evaluated so far. This is the why it is essential for the evaluation of them due to the changes in the national science curricula and technological developments. This study aims at evaluating to update, change, or reform the science curricula in terms of learning objectives, content, learning activities, and the evaluation. Utilizing the mixed method, the study group was composed of 1,218 participating children and nine science educators. Program evaluation and semi-structured interview forms were developed to collect the data. Then, the QUAN&QUAL data were analyzed by the programs. The findings are as the followings: the curricula meet the expectations of children and help them to learn something new and to develop the skills to use in daily lives. Moreover, the top three things mostly liked are the play-based activities, learning something new and learning further about animals. Science educators have mentioned that children’s sense of curiosity, their active participation, and questions throughout the enactment of the science curricula made them happy.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Associated With COVID-19 Infection—A Case Report and Review
Authors: Shah Shamik , Patel Urvish , Mehta Neev , Shingru Pratik
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a large number of systemic complications including a variety of neurological complications. Some of the neurological complications are not known. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a known acute neurotoxic syndrome causing a wide range of neurological symptoms. If remains untreated, it can potentially become a life-threatening condition. However, it is not a known neurological complication of COVID-19. We describe a presentation of PRES in a patient with positive COVID-19 and presented with altered mental status. A 78-year-old male with history of idiopathic epilepsy was initially admitted with respiratory illness with negative COVID-19 test. Later during his hospitalization, his respiratory condition got worse and his repeat COVID-19 test came back positive. He had continued encephalopathy and was found to have status epilepticus afterward. Magnetic Resonance Imaging brain showed extensive PRES-related changes. His blood pressure remained overall within control without significant fluctuations. No other apparent etiology was identified for PRES except for possible correlation with COVID-19. Clinicians should consider PRES early in their differential diagnoses in patients with severe COVID-19 with continued encephalopathy.
Facilitating Contextual Ambidexterity in a Global Operations Expansion Program
Authors: Turkulainen Virpi , Ruuska Inkeri
Published: January 2022

One of the focal challenges in managing global operations is how to utilize existing knowledge to avoid reinventing the wheel, yet to critically assess current knowledge and develop new knowledge when adapting to local conditions. Research indicates that successful organizations manage these tensions by developing ambidexterity. We elaborate on contextual ambidexterity—one specific form of ambidexterity—in the global operations expansion program at Neste. We conclude with illustrations of tools used to facilitate alignment and adaptability over time. Interestingly, different tools are used in different phases of the program. Moreover, the emphasis cycles between alignment and adaptability.
Comparative outcomes for mature T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas in people with and without HIV and to AIDS-defining lymphomas
Authors: Koh Min Jung , Merrill Mwanasha H. , Koh Min Ji , Stuver Robert , Alonso Carolyn D. , Foss Francine M. , Mayor Angel M. , Gill John , Epeldegui Marta , Cachay Edward , Thorne Jennifer E. , Silverberg Michael J. , Horberg Michael A. , Althoff Keri N. , Nijhawan Ank E. , McGinnis Kathleen A. , Lee Jennifer S. , Rabkin Charles S. , Napravnik Sonia , Li Jun , Castilho Jessica L. , Shen Changyu , Jain Salvia
Published: January 2022

There are no studies comparing the prognosis for mature T-cell lymphoma (TCL) in people with HIV (PWH) to people without HIV (PWoH) and to AIDS-defining B-cell lymphomas (A-BCLs) in the modern antiretroviral therapy era. North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design and Comprehensive Oncology Measures for Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Treatment are cohorts that enroll patients diagnosed with HIV and TCL, respectively. In our study, 52, 64, 101, 500, and 246 PWH with histologic confirmation of TCL, primary central nervous system lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), respectively, and 450 TCLs without HIV were eligible for analysis. At the time of TCL diagnosis, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) was the most common TCL subtype within PWH. Although PWH with TCL diagnosed between 1996 and 2009 experienced a low 5-year survival probability at 0.23 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13, 0.41), we observed a marked improvement in their survival when diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 (0.69; 95% CI: 0.48, 1; P = .04) in contrast to TCLs among PWoH (0.45; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.51; P = .53). Similarly, PWH with ALCLs diagnosed between 1996 and 2009 were associated with a conspicuously inferior 5-year survival probability (0.17; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.42) and consistently lagged behind A-BCL subtypes such as Burkitt’s (0.43; 95% CI:0.33, 0.57; P = .09) and DLBCL (0.17; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.46; P = .11) and behind HL (0.57; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.65; P < .0001). Despite a small number, those diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 experienced a remarkable improvement in survival (0.67; 95% CI: 0.3, 1) in comparison with PWoH (0.76; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.87; P = .58). Thus, our analysis confirms improved overall survival for aggressive B- and T-cell malignancies among PWH in the last decade.
Outcomes and survival following lung transplantation in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Jung Frederick , Riley Leonard , Lascano Jorge
Published: January 2022

Disease-specific outcomes in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis following lung transplantation are not well described.

We performed a retrospective analysis to describe outcomes in these patients. Patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis who have undergone lung transplantation in the USA were identified using the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network database. Survival data were analysed for the post-lung allocation score period with Kaplan–Meier curves, and a log-rank test was conducted to compare survival data among an age-, sex- and activation date-matched non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis cohort.

721 patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis were listed for lung transplantation between March 1992 and September 2019. 407 patients received lung transplantation with a median age at listing of 47 years. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for lung transplantation recipient non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients during the post-lung allocation score period at 1, 5 and 10 years was 87%, 53% and 16%, respectively. The median survival time post-lung transplantation is 6.0 years (interquartile range: 2.3–11.9 years), which is similar to an age- and sex-matched cohort (p=0.86).

This retrospective analysis demonstrates that median survival after lung transplantation in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis was similar to other lung transplantation recipients over the study period. We suggest that the development of specific criteria for lung transplantation in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis may improve patient selection and benefit a larger group of patients with this therapy.
Dual activity of Serratia marcescens Pt-3 in phosphate-solubilizing and production of antifungal volatiles
Authors: Gong Andong , Wang Gaozhan , Sun Yake , Song Mengge , Dimuna Cheelo , Gao Zhen , Wang Hualing , Yang Peng
Published: January 2022

Background

Soil fertility decline and pathogen infection are severe issues for crop production all over the world. Microbes as inherent factors in soil were effective in alleviating fertility decrease, promoting plant growth and controlling plant pathogens et al. Thus, screening microbes with fertility improving and pathogen controlling properties is of great importance to humans.

Results

Bacteria Pt-3 isolated from tea rhizosphere showed multiple functions in solubilizing insoluble phosphate, promoting plant growth, producing abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and inhibiting the growth of important fungal pathogens in vitro. According to the 16S rRNA phylogenetic and biochemical analysis, Pt-3 was identified to be Serratia marcescens. The solubilizing zone of Pt-3 in the medium of lecithin and Ca3(PO4)2 was 2.1 cm and 1.8 cm respectively. In liquid medium and soil, the concentration of soluble phosphorus reached 343.9 mg.L− 1, and 3.98 mg.kg− 1, and significantly promoted the growth of maize seedling, respectively. Moreover, Pt-3 produced abundant volatiles and greatly inhibited the growth of seven important phytopathogens. The inhibition rate ranged from 75.51 to 100% respectively. Solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry proved that the antifungal volatile was dimethyl disulfide. Dimethyl disulfide can inhibit the germination of Aspergillus flavus, and severely destroy the cell structures under scanning electron microscopy.

Conclusions

S. marcescens Pt-3 with multiple functions will provide novel agent for the production of bioactive fertilizer with P-solubilizing and fungal pathogens control activity.
Effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation on nasal pneumococcal acquisition, carriage dynamics and carriage density in infants in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Taghivand Mahgol , Pell Lisa G. , Rahman Mohammed Z. , Mahmud Abdullah A. , Ohuma Eric O. , Pullangyeum Eleanor M. , Ahmed Tahmeed , Hamer Davidson H. , Zlotkin Stanley H. , Gubbay Jonathan B. , Morris Shaun K. , Roth Daniel E.
Published: January 2022

Background

Invasive pneumococcal disease is a major cause of infant morbidity and death worldwide. Vitamin D promotes anti-pneumococcal immune responses in vitro, but whether improvements in infant vitamin D status modify risks of nasal pneumococcal acquisition in early life is not known.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of data collected in a trial cohort in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) surveillance was conducted from 0 to 6 months of age among 1060 infants of women randomized to one of four pre/post-partum vitamin D dose combinations or placebo. Nasal swab samples were collected based on standardized ARI criteria, and pneumococcal DNA quantified by qPCR. Hazards ratios of pneumococcal acquisition and carriage dynamics were estimated using interval-censored survival and multi-state modelling.

Results

Pneumococcal carriage was detected at least once in 90% of infants by 6 months of age; overall, 69% of swabs were positive (2616/3792). There were no differences between any vitamin D group and placebo in the hazards of pneumococcal acquisition, carriage dynamics, or carriage density (p > 0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusion

Despite in vitro data suggesting that vitamin D promoted immune responses against pneumococcus, improvements in postnatal vitamin D status did not reduce the rate, alter age of onset, or change dynamics of nasal pneumococcal colonization in early infancy.

Trial registration Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the registration number of NCT02388516 and first posted on March 17, 2015.
What could we do differently next time? Australian parents’ experiences of the short-term and long-term impacts of home schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Morse Alyssa R. , Banfield Michelle , Batterham Philip J. , Gulliver Amelia , McCallum Sonia , Cherbuin Nicolas , Farrer Louise M. , Calear Alison L.
Published: January 2022

Background

COVID-19 lockdowns have resulted in school closures worldwide, requiring curriculum to be delivered to children remotely (home schooling). Qualitative evidence is needed to provide important context to the positive and negative impacts of home schooling and inform strategies to support caregivers and children as the pandemic continues. This study aimed to explore the experiences of home schooling caregivers at multiple time-points during the pandemic.

Methods

Data were obtained from a longitudinal survey of a representative Australian sample conducted over 8 waves during 2020 and 2021. Participants who had home schooled at least one child during COVID-19 completed open-ended questions at Wave 4 (May 2020;n = 176), Wave 7 (June 2020;n = 145), and Wave 8 (March 2021;n = 57). Participants were asked to describe what they found positive and challenging about home schooling (Wave 4), what they would do differently if they home schooled their children again (Wave 7), and the longer-term impacts of home schooling on caregivers and children (Wave 8).

Results

91% of participants at Wave 4 reported at least one positive and/or negative aspect of home schooling. At Wave 8, 32% and 29% of participants reported no long-term positive or negative impacts of home schooling respectively. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, six themes were developed from the data, encompassing the impacts of home schooling on parents, and the perceived impacts on children. Impacts on parents included connecting with children, managing the work-life-school balance, and the challenge of home schooling when parents are not teachers. Perceived impacts on children included: quieter and safer learning at home, and the negatives of managing schoolwork load and social isolation. At Wave 7, 56 participants (44%) identified at least one thing they would do differently.

Conclusions

Despite some participants reporting positive experiences associated with home schooling, it remains challenging for many parents and their children. Supports for parents and children engaged in home schooling should provide clear and flexible guidance on how to balance schoolwork with other competing demands, assist parents who lack confidence in supporting their children’s remote learning, and address risks associated with social isolation.
An investigation of cancer survival inequalities associated with individual-level socio-economic status, area-level deprivation, and contextual effects, in a cancer patient cohort in England and Wales
Authors: Ingleby Fiona C. , Woods Laura M. , Atherton Iain M. , Baker Matthew , Elliss-Brookes Lucy , Belot Aurélien
Published: January 2022

Background

People living in more deprived areas of high-income countries have lower cancer survival than those in less deprived areas. However, associations between individual-level socio-economic circumstances and cancer survival are relatively poorly understood. Moreover, few studies have addressed contextual effects, where associations between individual-level socio-economic status and cancer survival vary depending on area-based deprivation.

Methods

Using 9276 individual-level observations from a longitudinal study in England and Wales, we examined the association with cancer survival of area-level deprivation and individual-level occupation, education, and income, for colorectal, prostate and breast cancer patients aged 20–99 at diagnosis. With flexible parametric excess hazard models, we estimated excess mortality across individual-level and area-level socio-economic variables and investigated contextual effects.

Results

For colorectal cancers, we found evidence of an association between education and cancer survival in men with Excess Hazard Ratio (EHR) = 0.80, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.60;1.08 comparing “degree-level qualification and higher” to “no qualification” and EHR = 0.74 [0.56;0.97] comparing “apprenticeships and vocational qualification” to “no qualification”, adjusted on occupation and income; and between occupation and cancer survival for women with EHR = 0.77 [0.54;1.10] comparing “managerial/professional occupations” to “manual/technical,” and EHR = 0.81 [0.63;1.06] comparing “intermediate” to “manual/technical”, adjusted on education and income. For breast cancer in women, we found evidence of an association with income (EHR = 0.52 [0.29;0.95] for the highest income quintile compared to the lowest, adjusted on education and occupation), while for prostate cancer, all three individual-level socio-economic variables were associated to some extent with cancer survival. We found contextual effects of area-level deprivation on survival inequalities between occupation types for breast and prostate cancers, suggesting wider individual-level inequalities in more deprived areas compared to least deprived areas. Individual-level income inequalities for breast cancer were more evident than an area-level differential, suggesting that area-level deprivation might not be the most effective measure of inequality for this cancer. For colorectal cancer in both sexes, we found evidence suggesting area- and individual-level inequalities, but no evidence of contextual effects.

Conclusions

Findings highlight that both individual and contextual effects contribute to inequalities in cancer outcomes. These insights provide potential avenues for more effective policy and practice.
Characterizing the effects of different chemicals on stem bending of cut snapdragon flower
Authors: Soe May Thu , Naing Aung Htay , Kim Soo Rin , Kim Chang Kil
Published: January 2022

Background

This study investigated the effects of ethylene release compounds (ethephon), ethylene-action inhibitors (silver thiosulfate: STS), and nitric oxide donor (sodium nitroprusside: SNP) on stem bending of snapdragon flowers. Moreover, the effects of plant growth supplements [6-benzyladenine (BA), gibberellic acid 3 (GA3), and calcium chloride (CaCl2)] on the stem bending were also extensively investigated.

Results

Ethephon completely prevented stem bending until 9 days after treatment (9 DAT). STS exhibited the highest bending rate, while SNP did not significantly affect the bending compared to the controls. The bending results were associated with the results of stem curvature, relative shoot elongation, ethylene production, and lignin content, that are involved in the stem bending mechanism. This was proven by the expression analysis of genes involved in ethylene and lignin biosynthetic pathways. The addition of plant growth supplements slightly or significantly delayed stem bending in the treatments (control, SNP, and STS) and significantly reduced petal senescence in ethephon at 9 DAT.

Conclusion

These results show the preventive role of ethephon in the stem bending of cut snapdragon. Moreover, the combination of ethephon with supplements also provided information that could guide the development of strategies to delay stem bending in other cut flowers that undergo serious bending during a short vase life.
Automatic freezing-tolerant rapeseed material recognition using UAV images and deep learning
Authors: Li Lili , Qiao Jiangwei , Yao Jian , Li Jie , Li Li
Published: January 2022

Background

Freezing injury is a devastating yet common damage that occurs to winter rapeseed during the overwintering period which directly reduces the yield and causes heavy economic loss. Thus, it is an important and urgent task for crop breeders to find the freezing-tolerant rapeseed materials in the process of breeding. Existing large-scale freezing-tolerant rapeseed material recognition methods mainly rely on the field investigation conducted by the agricultural experts using some professional equipments. These methods are time-consuming, inefficient and laborious. In addition, the accuracy of these traditional methods depends heavily on the knowledge and experience of the experts.

Methods

To solve these problems of existing methods, we propose a low-cost freezing-tolerant rapeseed material recognition approach using deep learning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images captured by a consumer UAV. We formulate the problem of freezing-tolerant material recognition as a binary classification problem, which can be solved well using deep learning. The proposed method can automatically and efficiently recognize the freezing-tolerant rapeseed materials from a large number of crop candidates. To train the deep learning network, we first manually construct the real dataset using the UAV images of rapeseed materials captured by the DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2.0. Then, five classic deep learning networks (AlexNet, VGGNet16, ResNet18, ResNet50 and GoogLeNet) are selected to perform the freezing-tolerant rapeseed material recognition.

Result and conclusion

The accuracy of the five deep learning networks used in our work is all over 92%. Especially, ResNet50 provides the best accuracy (93.33$$\%$$
%
) in this task. In addition, we also compare deep learning networks with traditional machine learning methods. The comparison results show that the deep learning-based methods significantly outperform the traditional machine learning-based methods in our task. The experimental results show that it is feasible to recognize the freezing-tolerant rapeseed using UAV images and deep learning.
Synthesis, in silico molecular docking analysis, pharmacokinetic properties and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of fluoroquinolines
Authors: Fekadu Mona , Zeleke Digafie , Abdi Bayan , Guttula Anuradha , Eswaramoorthy Rajalakshmanan , Melaku Yadessa
Published: January 2022

Background

Quinolines have demonstrated various biological activities such as antimalarial, antibacterial and anticancer. Hence, compounds with such scaffold have been used as lead in drug development. This project is, therefore, aimed to synthesis and evaluates some biological activities of quinoline analogs.

Methods

2-Chloro-7-fluoroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes were synthesized by the application of Vilsmeier–Haack reaction. The chlorine in the fluoroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde was replaced with various nucleophiles. The aldehyde functional group was also converted to carboxylic acid and imine groups using oxidizing agent and various amines, respectively. The structures of the compounds synthesized were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Disc diffusion and DPPH assays were used to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities, respectively. The in silico molecular docking analysis of the synthesized compounds were done using AutoDock Vina againstE. coliDNA Gyrase B and human topoisomerase IIα. The drug likeness properties were assessed using SwissADME and PreADMET.

Results

Nine novel quinoline derivatives were synthesized in good yields. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was beyond 9.3 mm inhibition zone (IZ). Compounds4,5,6,7,8,10,15, and16exhibited activity againstE. coli,P. aeruginosa,S. aureusandS. pyogeneswith IZ ranging from 7.3 ± 0.67 to 15.3 ± 0.33 mm at 200 μg/mL. Compound9displayed IZ against three of the bacterial strains exceptS. aureus. The IC50for the radical scavenging activity of the synthesized compounds were from 5.31 to 16.71 μg/mL. The binding affinities of the synthesized compounds were from − 6.1 to − 7.2 kcal/mol againstE. coliDNA gyrase B and − 6.8 to − 7.4 kcal/mol against human topoisomerase IIα. All of the synthesized compounds obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five without violation.

Conclusion

Compounds4,5,6,7,8,10,15, and16displayed activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains indicating that these compounds might be used as broad spectrum bactericidal activity. Compound8(13.6 ± 0.22 mm) showed better IZ againstP. aeruginosacompared with ciprofloxacin (10.0 ± 0.45 mm) demonstrating the potential of this compound as antibacterial agent against this strain. Compounds5,6,7,8,9and10showed comparable binding affinities in their in silico molecular docking analysis againstE. coliDNA gyrase B. All of the synthesized compounds also obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five without violation which suggests these compounds as antibacterial agents for further study. Compounds7and8were proved to be a very potent radical scavenger with IC50values of 5.31 and 5.41 μg/mL, respectively. Compound5,6,8,10and16had comparable binding affinity against human topoisomerase IIα suggesting these compounds as a possible candidate for anticancer drugs.
Breakage of intramedullary femoral nailing or femoral plating: how to prevent implant failure
Authors: Bäcker Henrik C. , Heyland Mark , Wu Chia H. , Perka Carsten , Stöckle Ulrich , Braun Karl F.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Intramedullary (IM) fixation is the dominant treatment for pertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures. In comparison to plate osteosynthesis (PO), IM fixation offers greater biomechanical stability and reduced non-union rates. Due to the minimally invasive nature, IM fixations are less prone to approach-associated complications, such as soft-tissue damage, bleeding or postoperative infection, but they are more prone to fat embolism. A rare but serious complication, however, is implant failure. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify possible risk factors for intramedullary fixation (IMF) and plate osteosynthesis (PO) failure.

Materials and methods

We searched our trauma surgery database for implant failure, intramedullary and plate osteosynthesis, after proximal—pertrochanteric, subtrochanteric—or femoral shaft fractures between 2011 and 2019. Implant failures in both the IMF and PO groups were included. Demographic data, fracture type, quality of reduction, duration between initial implantation and nail or plate failure, the use of cerclages, intraoperative microbiological samples, sonication, and, if available, histology were collected.

Results

A total of 24 femoral implant failures were identified: 11 IMFs and 13 POs. The average age of patients in the IM group was 68.2 ± 13.5 years and in the PO group was 65.6 ± 15.0 years, with men being affected in 63.6% and 39.5% of cases, respectively. A proximal femoral nail (PFN) anti-rotation was used in 7 patients, a PFN in one and a gamma nail in two patients. A total of 6 patients required cerclage wires for additional stability. A combined plate and intramedullary fixation was chosen in one patient. Initially, all intramedullary nails were statically locked. Failures were observed 34.1 weeks after the initial surgery on average. Risk factors for implant failure included the application of cerclage wires at the level of the fracture (n = 5, 21%), infection (n = 2, 8%), and the use of an additional sliding screw alongside the femoral neck screw (n = 3, 13%). In all patients, non-union was diagnosed radiographically and clinically after 6 months (n = 24, 100%). In the event of PO failure, the placement of screws within all screw holes, and interprosthetic fixation were recognised as the major causes of failure.

Conclusion

Intramedullary or plate osteosynthesis remain safe and reliable procedures in the treatment of proximal femoral fractures (pertrochanteric, subtrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures). Nevertheless, the surgeon needs to be aware of several implant-related limitations causing implant breakage. These may include the application of tension band wiring which can lead to a too rigid fixation, or placement of cerclage wires at the fracture site.
Jugular foramen and venous collaterals may help to discriminate congenital from post-thrombotic jugular stenosis
Authors: Wu Xiaoqin , Ding Yuchuan , Ji Xunming , Meng Ran
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Unilateral jugular stenosis is easily mistaken as jugular hypoplasia for their similar jugular appearances. This study aimed to propose a scheme to differentiate acquired internal jugular vein stenosis (IJVS) from congenital jugular variation through two case examples.

Methods

We presented a dynamic evolution process of the IJVS formation, through a case of a 17-year-old female with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)-associated right internal jugular venous thrombosis (IJVT), which resulted in post-thrombotic IJVS in the rare context of rapid recanalization. Meanwhile, we compared her images with images of a 39-year-old healthy male with hypoplastic IJV to determine the differences between the acquired IJVS and congenital dysplasia.

Results

Based on the first case, we noticed the whole formative process of acquired IJVS from nothing to something. Meantime, we found that acquired IJVS was surrounded by abnormal corkscrew collaterals as imaged on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography (CE-MRV), and the ipsilateral jugular foramen (JF) was normal-sized as displayed on computer tomography (CT). Conversely, jugular hypoplasia was with ipsilateral stenotic JF and without serpentine collaterals.

Conclusion

JF morphology and venous collaterals may be deemed as surrogate identifiers to distinguish acquired unilateral IJVS from jugular hypoplasia.
MAST (Movement Analysis Software for Telemetry data), for the semi-automated removal of false positives from radio telemetry data
Authors: Nebiolo K. , Castro-Santos T.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Radio telemetry, one of the most widely used techniques for tracking wildlife and fisheries populations, has a false-positive problem. Bias from false-positive detections can affect many important derived metrics, such as home range estimation, site occupation, survival, and migration timing. False-positive removal processes have relied upon simple filters and personal opinion. To overcome these shortcomings, we have developed MAST (Movement Analysis Software for Telemetry data) to assist with false-positive identification, removal, and data management for large-scale radio telemetry projects.

Methods

MAST uses a naïve Bayes classifier to identify and remove false-positive detections from radio telemetry data. The semi-supervised classifier uses spurious detections from unknown tags and study tags as training data. We tested MAST on four scenarios: wide-band receiver with a single Yagi antenna, wide-band receiver that switched between two Yagi antennas, wide-band receiver with a single dipole antenna, and single-band receiver that switched between five frequencies. MAST has a built in ak-fold cross-validation and assesses model quality with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, false-positive rate, and precision-recall area under the curve. MAST also assesses concordance with a traditional consecutive detection filter using Cohen’s$$\kappa$$κ.

Results

Overall MAST performed equally well in all scenarios and was able to discriminate between known false-positive detections and valid study tag detections with low false-positive rates (< 0.001) as determined through cross-validation, even as receivers switched between antennas and frequencies. MAST classified between 94 and 99% of study tag detections as valid.

Conclusion

As part of a robust data management plan, MAST is able to discriminate between detections from study tags and known false positives. MAST works with multiple manufacturers and accounts for receivers that switch between antennas and frequencies. MAST provides the framework for transparent, objective, and repeatable telemetry projects for wildlife conservation surveys, and increases the efficiency of data processing.