bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dental students' self‐reported confidence level in restorative crown and bridge procedures: A UK quantitative study
Authors: Al‐Koky Malaaika , Daud Alaa , Neville Patricia
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Graduating confident students who can flourish and develop in their future career is an important outcome of dental education. The aim of the study was to gain an insight into students' self‐reported level of confidence in restorative crown and bridge procedures, highlighting in which stage of the process students have the highest and lowest confidence, depending on the level of supervision required.

Materials and methods

Fourth and final year students (n = 85) were invited to complete a 71‐item closed questionnaire specific to self‐reported confidence based on the level of supervision required in stages of crown and bridge procedures. Clinical activity for each student from their portfolio system was collected. Non‐parametric tests, specifically the Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to analyse the continuous non‐normal data.

Results

A response rate of 65% was obtained. Final year students were more confident in crown and bridge procedures than fourth year students. Fourth year students were more confident in bridges, whilst final year students were more confident with crowns. Majority of students expressed “average confidence requiring minimal supervision” in crown and bridge procedures. An association between clinical activity, confidence and year of study was noted. Gender was not strongly associated with confidence. Stages in crown and bridge procedures were noted where students lacked confidence.

Conclusion

The study highlighted areas in which students were most and least confident in crown and bridge procedures. A positive relationship between clinical activity in crown and bridge procedures and student self‐confidence has been noted for both years, though slightly higher in the bridge procedure for fourth year students. We attribute this to the fact that fourth year students had recently completed their bridge competency assessment. Upon graduating, final year students still require supervision and reported average confidence in certain aspects of crown and bridge procedures, namely occlusal, bevel and axial reduction.
Incidental magnetic resonance imaging findings leading to an unusual diagnosis: Adult onset Krabbe disease
Authors: Paiva Anderson Rodrigues Brandão , Fonseca Neto Ronald Edington , Afonso Clara Lima , Freua Fernando , Nóbrega Paulo Ribeiro , Kok Fernando
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose

Krabbe disease (KD), or globoid cell leukodystrophy (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #245200), is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in GALC leading to galactocerebrosidase deficiency. Age at onset can vary from early infancy (3–6 months of age) to adulthood, which has rarely been reported. Little is known about the natural history and early manifestations of adult onset KD (AOKD).

Methods

Here, we report a patient with an incidental diagnosis of AOKD and discuss management options in this scenario.

Results

A 32‐year‐old woman came to medical attention because of headache and had brain magnetic resonance imaging findings compatible with AOKD, two pathogenic variants in GALC, and reduced activity of galactocerebrosidase. The jury is still out about the best management of such cases, and clinicians should be aware of this diagnosis, as AOKD is a potentially treatable condition.

Conclusions

AOKD is a rare and potentially treatable condition. More studies on natural history of AOKD are urgently needed to guide the best management of this disease.
Antiseizure medication use and medical resource utilization after resective epilepsy surgery in children in the United States: A contemporary nationwide cross‐sectional cohort analysis
Authors: Parker Jonathon J. , Zhang Yi , Fatemi Parastou , Halpern Casey H. , Porter Brenda E. , Grant Gerald A.
Published: February 2022

Objective

Antiseizure drug (ASD) therapy can significantly impact quality of life for pediatric patients whose epilepsy remains refractory to medications and who experience neuropsychological side effects manifested by impaired cognitive and social development. Contemporary patterns of ASD reduction after pediatric epilepsy surgery across practice settings in the United States are sparsely reported outside of small series. We assessed timing and durability of ASD reduction after pediatric epilepsy surgery and associated effects on health care utilization.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of 376 pediatric patients who underwent resective epilepsy surgery between 2007 and 2016 in the United States using the Truven MarketScan database. Filled ASD prescriptions during the pre‐ and postoperative periods were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified factors associated with achieving a stable discontinuation of or reduction in number of ASDs. Health care utilization and costs were systematically compared.

Results

One hundred seventy‐one patients (45.5%) achieved a >90‐day ASD‐free period after surgery, and 84 (22.3%) additional patients achieved a stable reduction in number of ASDs. Achieving ASD freedom was more common in patients undergoing total hemispherectomy (n = 21, p = .002), and less common in patients with tuberous sclerosis (p = .003). A higher number of preoperative ASDs was associated with a greater likelihood of achieving ASD reduction postoperatively (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–2.28), but was not associated with a significant difference in the likelihood of achieving ASD freedom (0.83, 95% CI: 0.49–1.39). Achieving an ASD‐free period was associated with fewer hospital readmissions within the first year after surgery.

Significance

Patterns of ASD use and discontinuation after pediatric epilepsy surgery provide an unbiased surgical outcome endpoint extractable from administrative databases, where changes in seizure frequency are not captured. This quantitative measure can augment traditional surgical outcome scales, incorporating a significant clinical parameter associated with improved quality of life.
Therapeutic validation and targeting of signalling networks that are dysregulated in intellectual disability
Authors: Bustos Francisco , Findlay Greg M.
Published: February 2022

Intellectual disability (ID) represents a major burden on healthcare systems in the developed world. However, there is a disconnect between our knowledge of genes that are mutated in ID and our understanding of the underpinning molecular mechanisms that cause these disorders. We argue that elucidating the signalling and transcriptional networks that are dysregulated in patients will afford new therapeutic opportunities.
Integrating services to improve quality of care for women living with HIV: A global systematic review
Authors: Hully Alice , Mallah Rana , Villa Giovanni , Gilleece Yvonne
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The aim was to review and analyse evidence on the impact of service integration on quality of care for women living with HIV.

Methods

Evidence search in September 2020 using the PICO format yielded 60 potential papers. Inclusion required evidence of measurement of an outcome associated with service delivery within a system showing clear integration of services exclusively for women living with HIV. In all, 60 papers were screened, 27 were excluded at the abstract stage, and 17 were excluded after full text review, leaving 20 final papers included in this review.

Results

Three papers measured the impact of integrating sexual health services and all showed some measure of improved quality of care. Outcome measures considered in this paper were impact on uptake, prevention, user satisfaction, user knowledge and cost‐effectiveness. Ten papers studied the impact of integrating family planning, with eight papers suggesting positive outcomes. Eleven papers studied integrated cervical cytology services with 10 able to demonstrate positive impact. Two papers assessed integrating menopause services and two looked at integration of psychological and social services. The most described positive impact was improved user knowledge and satisfaction. There were two main methods of integration demonstrated, described as ‘upskilling’ of staff and ‘guest services’.

Conclusions

Integrating services can create opportunities to improve the quality of patient‐centred care whilst promoting the sexual, reproductive and human rights of women living with HIV, with an emphasis on designing services to suit local contexts.
Does monitoring of saproxylic beetles benefit from inclusion of larvae?
Authors: Köhler Jonas , Rulik Björn , Eberle Jonas , Thormann Jana , Köhler Frank , Ahrens Dirk
Published: February 2022

Saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) are important for biomonitoring to evaluate the state of ecological conservation of forest ecosystems. However, beetle larvae are rarely considered due to their difficult identification.

Here, we evaluate the use of beetle larvae, alongside adult specimens, for monitoring. Forty sifting samples from deadwood structures were analysed from eight different forest sites near Münster (Germany). Larvae were identified by matching with DNA sequences (COI) of identified adults (from GBOL database/BOLD) using various standard DNA‐based species delimitation methods.

Our main objective was to figure out whether larvae can be sampled, barcoded, and identified successfully on a larger scale, and whether the inclusion of larval data improved the ecological and taxonomic results of the survey.

Altogether we found 129 species as larvae and 313 as imagos. Four larva species could not be identified to species level because of a lack of a match with adult reference sequences. Among all sifting samples, 41% of the species recorded as larva were not found as imago.

The inclusion of larvae increased the expected species richness and generated a more precise differentiation between the sites in respect of saproxylic species richness and assemblage composition. Moreover, almost 30% of identified larvae are not morphologically described, so they cannot be identified morphologically.

This study showed that the use of larvae could considerably improve the accuracy of ecological surveys, particularly at meso‐ and microhabitat level, while for higher level, geographical scales sequencing and sampling efforts would be at the moment excessive.
Research on antioxidant performance of diglucosyl gallic acid and its application in emulsion cosmetics
Authors: Zhang Kai‐qiang , Lin Liang‐liang , Xu Hu‐jun
Published: February 2022

Objective

Diglucosyl gallic acid is a whitening active with powerful whitening function. When it acts on human skin, microorganisms on the skin surface and part of the stratum corneum produce α‐glucosidase to sever the glucose bond of diglucosyl gallic acid, thereby converting part of diglucosyl gallic acid into gallic acid, acting on the skin and exerting the excellent effects of diglucosyl gallic acid and gallic acid at the same time. Diglucosyl gallic acid has high stability and water solubility, it can reduce free radical generation, inhibit tyrosinase generation, prevent melanin transfer, and control skin inflammation. The present study investigates the in vitro tyrosinase inhibition activity, antioxidant capacity of diglucosyl gallic acid as well as its clinical efficacy as a cosmetic ingredient.

Methods

Taking VC and gallic acid as controls, the pH = 6.8, 0.05 mmol/L Na2HPO4‐NaH2PO4 buffer solution was prepared to test the tyrosinase inhibitory activity and antioxidant capacity of diglucosyl gallic acid respectively. Using arbutin and nicotinamide, two common cosmetic raw materials as controls, 20 volunteers (aged 20–35 years old) were selected for the test. (2 ± 0.1) mg/cm2 take the lotion to be tested and apply it to the test part evenly, twice a day, volunteers are not allowed to use sunscreen or other sunscreen products during the study period.

Results

The results show that diglucosyl gallic acid has a stronger ability to inhibit the activity of tyrosinase compared with VC, and its IC50 value is 2.68 mg/ mL. Their potential antioxidant activities are further evaluated by the DPPH (α, α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl) method and the ABTS [2,2´‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenz othiazoline‐6‐sulphonate)] radical cation (ABTS+) method, in which the gallic acid demonstrates a better performance than the traditional antioxidant vitamin C (VC), while the diglucosyl gallic acid shows poorer performance. As to the reducing ability, VC has the best performance, much better than gallic acid and diglucosyl gallic acid. Furthermore, through clinical experiments, it is shown the application of the diglucosyl gallic acid as a cosmetic ingredient can considerably improve the brightness of the skin and meanwhile reduce the area of ultraviolet spots, melanin and erythema over time.

Conclusion

The above in vitro and in vivo studies on diglucosyl gallic provide the basis for its future application development in cosmetics.
Distribution and invasion risk assessment of Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) in China under changing climate
Authors: Xu Danping , Zhuo Zhihang , Li Xinyang , Wang Rulin
Published: February 2022

Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) is one of the most important pests of palm plants. It has expanded rapidly and posed a serious threat to related plants in recent years. To study the impact of climatic conditions on it and its distribution under current and future climatic conditions, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model and ArcGIS software were used for the first time to predict the potential distribution of O. rhinoceros in China under climate change in this work. The results showed that the distribution range of O. rhinoceros was 92.42–120.81°E, 17.07–37.10°N under current climatic conditions. The highly suitable area was 58,298.61 km2, which is equal to 0.61% of China's land area. The area of highly suitable areas increased by 5.48%–39.43% under different scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) in the future (2050s, 2090s) compared with the current distribution, which implied that the distribution of the pest will further expand. The precipitation in the wettest month (bio13), the minimum temperatures in November (tmin11), the minimum temperatures in July (tmin7) and the precipitation in September (prec9) were determined to be the key environmental variables affecting the distribution of O. rhinoceros. This work has important guiding significance for developing effective O. rhinoceros monitoring, prevention and control methods. We suggest that relevant departments take measures as soon as possible to control the spread of this pest.
When intelligence hurts and ignorance is bliss: Global pandemic as an evolutionarily novel threat to happiness
Authors: Kanazawa Satoshi , Li Norman P. , Yong Jose C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The savanna theory of happiness posits that it is not only the current consequences of a given situation that affect happiness but also its ancestral consequences, and that the effect of ancestral consequences on happiness is stronger among less intelligent individuals. But what about situations that did not exist in the ancestral environment and thus have no ancestral consequences? Global pandemic is one such situation that has no ancestral analog, and the theory predicts such evolutionarily novel threats to have a negative effect disproportionately on the life satisfaction of more intelligent individuals.

Methods

We analyzed prospectively longitudinal data from population samples from the National Child Development Study (Study 1) and the British Cohort Study (Study 2).

Results

Consistent with the theoretical prediction, while more intelligent individuals were generally more satisfied with their lives than less intelligent individuals were throughout adulthood (albeit not because they were more intelligent but because they earned more money, were more likely to be married, and healthier), more intelligent individuals were less satisfied with their lives during the COVID‐19 global pandemic because they were more intelligent.

Conclusion

Higher intelligence may have a downside in the modern world, by allowing life satisfaction to be more vulnerable from being better able to comprehend the severity of problems that did not exist in the ancestral world.
Negative internal working models as mechanisms that link mothers’ and fathers’ personality with their parenting: A short‐term longitudinal study
Authors: An Danming , Bendel‐Stenzel Lilly C. , Kochanska Grazyna
Published: February 2022

Objective

Research on associations between parents’ personality and parenting has a long history, but mechanisms that explain them remain unsettled. We examined parents’ explicit and implicit negative internal working models (IWMs) of the child, assessed at toddler age, as linking parental personality and parenting.

Method

Mothers and fathers from 200 community families provided personality self‐reports (Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Empathy, and Anger/Hostility) when their children were infants. When children were toddlers, the explicit negative IWMs included self‐reported low‐mentalizing reflective functioning and resentment regarding the child. The implicit negative IWMs were coded as negative relational schemas from parental interviews. Parental positive affect, responsiveness, and power‐assertive control were observed in lengthy interactions. Measures were parallel for mother‐ and father‐child dyads.

Results

Mothers’ implicit IWMs linked the association between low Empathy and more power‐assertive control. Fathers’ explicit IWMs linked the associations between high Neuroticism and low Agreeableness and lower responsiveness. Additionally, fathers’ Agreeableness and Empathy directly predicted their parenting. Two paths (Agreeableness → implicit IWMs, and explicit IWMs → responsiveness) significantly differed between mothers and fathers.

Conclusions

IWMs may link parental personality with parenting. The findings integrate and inform several bodies of literature in personality, social cognition, and developmental psychology.
Nitrogen Fixation Influenced by Phosphorus and Nitrogen Availability in the Benthic Bloom‐forming Cyanobacterium Hydrocoleum sp. Identified in a Temperate Marine Lagoon
Authors: Moisander Pia H. , Daley Meaghan C. , Shoemaker Katyanne M. , Kolte Vaishnavi , Sharma Gaurav , Garlick Kelsey
Published: February 2022

The nitrogen‐fixing, non‐heterocystous cyanobacterium Hydrocoleum sp. (Oscillatoriales) is a common epiphytic and benthic bloom‐former in tropical and subtropical shallow water systems but shares high phylogenetic similarity with the planktonic, globally important diazotroph Trichodesmium. Multiphasic observations in this study resulted in unexpected identification of Hydrocoleum sp. in mass accumulations in a coastal lagoon in the Western temperate North Atlantic Ocean. Hydrocoleum physiology was examined in situ through measurements of N2 and CO2 fixation rates and expression of genes involved with N2 fixation, CO2 fixation, and phosphorus (P) stress. Bulk N2 fixation rates and Hydrocoleum nifH expression peaked at night and were strongly suppressed by dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). The expression of high affinity phosphate transporter (pstS) and alkaline phosphatase (phoA) genes of Hydrocoleum was elevated during the night and negatively responded to phosphate amendments, as evidence that these mechanisms contribute to P acquisition during diazotrophic growth of Hydrocoleum in situ. This discovery at the edge of the previously known Hydrocoleum habitat range in the warming oceans raises intriguing questions about diazotrophic cyanobacterial adaptations and transitions on the benthic‐pelagic continuum.
Genomics and ecological modelling clarify species integrity in a confusing group of butterflies
Authors: Campbell Erin O. , MacDonald Zachary G. , Gage Edward V. , Gage Randy V. , Sperling Felix A. H.
Published: February 2022

Recent advances in both genomics and ecological modelling present new, multidisciplinary opportunities for resolving species boundaries and understanding the mechanisms that maintain their integrity in regions of contact. Here, we use a combination of high‐throughput DNA sequencing and ecological niche modelling to resolve species boundaries and niche divergence within the Speyeria atlantis‐hesperis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) complex, a confusing group of North American butterflies. This complex is notorious for its muddled species delimitations, morphological ambiguity, and extensive mitonuclear discordance. Our admixture and multispecies coalescent‐based analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms identified substantial divergences between S. atlantis and S. hesperis in areas of contact, as well as between distinct northern and southern lineages within S. hesperis. Our results also provide evidence of past introgression relating to another species, S. zerene, which previous work has shown to be more distantly related to the S. atlantis‐hesperis complex. We then used ecological models to predict habitat suitability for each of the three recovered genomic lineages in the S. atlantis‐hesperis complex and assessed their pairwise niche divergence. These analyses resolved that these three lineages are significantly diverged in their respective niches and are not separated by discontinuities in suitable habitat that might present barriers to gene flow. We therefore infer that ecologically‐mediated selection resulting in disparate habitat associations is a principal mechanism reinforcing their genomic integrity. Overall, our results unambiguously support significant evolutionary and ecological divergence between the northern and southern lineages of S. hesperis, sufficient to recognize the southern evolutionary lineage as a distinct species, called S. nausicaa based on taxonomic priority.
What is the impact of skincare bundles on the development of skin tears in older adults? A systematic review
Authors: Al Khaleefa Noor , Moore Zena , Avsar Pinar , Connor Tom O` , Budri Aglecia , Nugent Linda , Patton Declan
Published: February 2022

Aim

This review explores the impact of skincare bundles on the development of skin tears in older adults (≥65 years).

Method

A systematic search of publications using MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases was conducted in July 2020. The evidence‐based librarianship (EBL) checklist assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Data were extracted using a pre‐designed extraction tool, and a narrative analysis was undertaken.

Results

Following the search, 71 records were returned, with seven satisfying the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted between 2003 and 2015, and 57% (n = 4) of these employed a pre‐post study design. The mean sample size was 155 participants (SD = ±117.6). All the included studies (100%, n = 8) identified that there was a direct relationship between the use of skincare bundles and the reduction in the incidence of skin tears in the elderly. The EBL scores varied between 65% and 91%. In total, 85.7% (n = 6) of the studies scored ≥75%, reflecting validity.

Conclusion

This systematic review highlights the connection between skincare bundles and the reduction of the number of skin tears in the older population (≥65 years). Further research with larger sample sizes and longer study duration to validate these findings, which will provide a comprehensive insight into the prevention of the incidence of skin tears. Further studies are justified given that skin tear bundles can reduce the rate of injuries that are easily acquired by the elderly due to the nature of their frail skin, they also can help prevent skin tears from turning into chronic wounds and can decrease hospital admissions associated with hospital‐acquired infections.
Psychophysiological coherence training to moderate air traffic controllers’ fatigue on rotating roster
Authors: Li Wen‐Chin , Zhang Jingyi , Kearney Peter
Published: February 2022

The nature of the current rotating roster, providing 24‐h air traffic services over five irregular shifts, leads to accumulated fatigue which impairs air traffic controllers’ cognitive function and task performance. It is imperative to develop an effective fatigue risk management system to improve aviation safety based upon scientific approaches.

Two empirical studies were conducted to address this issue. Study 1 investigated the mixed effect of circadian rhythm disorders and resource depletion on controllers’ accumulated fatigue. Then, study 2 proposed a potential biofeedback solution of quick coherence technique which can mitigate air traffic controllers’ (ATCOs’) fatigue while on controller working position and improve ATCOs’ mental/physical health.

The current two‐studies demonstrated a scientific approach to fatigue analysis and fatigue risk mitigation in the air traffic services domain. This research offers insights into the fluctuation of ATCO fatigue levels and the influence of a numbers of factors related to circadian rhythm and resource depletion impact on fatigue levels on study 1; and provides psychophysiological coherence training to increase ATCOs’ fatigue resilience to mitigate negative impacts of fatigue on study 2.

Based on these two studies, the authors recommended that an extra short break for air traffic controllers to permit practicing the quick coherence breathing technique for 5 min at the sixth working hour could substantially recharge cognitive resources and increase fatigue resilience. Application: Present studies highlight an effective fatigue intervention based on objective biofeedback to moderate controllers’ accumulated fatigue as a result of rotating shift work. Accordingly, air navigation services providers and regulators can develop fatigue risk management systems based on scientific approaches to improve aviation safety and air traffic controller's wellbeing.
Soil bacterial community responses to cadmium and lead stabilization during ecological restoration of an abandoned mine
Authors: Zhao Shuwen , Qin Luyao , Wang Lifu , Sun Xiaoyi , Yu Lei , Wang Meng , Chen Shibao
Published: February 2022

Ecological restoration refers to the gradual recovery of damaged ecosystems by utilizing their self‐recovery capacity and artificial measures. It is considered as an effective technique to alleviate heavy metal pollution in open‐pit mining soils. However, little is known about the stability of heavy metals and soil bacterial responses in artificially restored soil‐plant systems. In this study, different vegetation restoration strategies were established in the Dabaoshan mining area, China, and the accumulation and transfer of Cd/Pb in the soil‐plant system and the responses of the soil bacterial community were investigated. Results showed that ecological restoration with a combination of trees, shrubs and grasses/herbs could increase soil cation‐exchange capacity and organic matter content, but not soil pH. The mixture of trees, shrubs and grasses/herbs was most effective for reducing the available Pb content to 33.7% of the content in the control, and the mixture of trees and grasses/herbs was beneficial in reducing Cd to 60.4% of the content in the control. Data showed that ecological restoration could change the quantity, composition and community structure of soil microorganisms. The soils in which a mixture of trees, shrubs and grasses/herbs were grown had the greatest abundance and diversity of bacteria; the abundances of Proteobacteria increased by 12% and Actinobacteria by 5% from those of the control. Plant coverage, soil available Cd content, and organic matter emerged as major determinants of bacterial community composition. This study demonstrates a promising remediation strategy for limiting Cd/Pb mobility in mining areas.
Effect of modern infusion pumps on RBC quality
Authors: Hadjesfandiari Narges , Serrano Katherine , Levin Elena , Johal Parveen , Feenstra Shelley , Shih Andrew W. , Devine Dana V.
Published: February 2022

Background

Mechanical stress on red blood cells is associated with using infusion pumps for blood administration. Current standards in North America leave it to healthcare facilities to consult with manufacturers about infusion pump safety for transfusion; studies on various pumps and red blood cell (RBC) conditions are scarce.

Study design and methods

RBC units were pumped through four infusion pumps on d22 (22 days postcollection), d40, d28 after gamma irradiation on d14 (I14d28), and d22 after irradiation on d21 (I21d22). For each experiment, three units were pooled and split among four bags. Samples were collected at gravity and after pumping at clinical nonemergency rates. Hemolysis %, microvesicles, potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, mechanical fragility index levels, and morphology evaluations were performed (n = 5–6).

Results

Hemolysis levels of Piston and Linear Peristaltic pump samples were not different from hemolysis of corresponding gravity samples. Peristaltic samples had significantly higher hemolysis compared to gravity, and other pumps, however, maximum mean difference was limited to 0.05%. Pumping at 50 mL/h resulted in the highest hemolysis level. Change in hemolysis % due to pumping was significantly higher in d40 and I21d22 units. No combination of pumps and RBCs conditions led to hemolysis >0.8%. Besides hemolysis, lactate dehydrogenase release was the only marker that demonstrated some differences between infusions via pump versus gravity.

Conclusion

The pump design affects the degree of hemolysis. However, for all tested pumps and RBC conditions, this increase was minimal. Hemolysis measurement on d40 and I21d22 at 50 mL/h were concluded to be appropriate parameters for pump evaluation.
The use of caffeine as a respiratory stimulant in a cat
Authors: Kennedy Christopher R. , Wayne Annie S. , Rozanski Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2022

Objective

To report the use of caffeine as a respiratory stimulant in a cat with hypoventilation.

Case summary

A cat was mechanically ventilated due to persistent hypercapnia (Petco2 > 75 mm Hg) following median sternotomy and thymectomy. After 3 days of mechanical ventilatory support, the cat would initiate breaths but failed weaning due to persistent hypercapnia. Following administration of intravenous caffeine (total 12 mg/kg over 24 h), respiratory and mental status rapidly improved. The cat was subsequently extubated and able to maintain Pvco2 < 50 mm Hg. The cat was later diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Quality of life 13 months after discharge was reported as excellent by her owner.

New or unique information provided

Caffeine may be considered as a respiratory stimulant in cats with hypoventilation.
Toolpath Planning for Manufacturing of Complex Parts Through Incremental Sheet Forming
Authors: Jiang Zilin , Liao Shuheng , Slocum Alexander H. , Leem Dohyun , Ehmann Kornel F. , Cao Jian
Published: February 2022

Incremental sheet forming (ISF) offers great flexibility in producing complex sheet parts as compared with conventional sheet forming processes where part-specific die sets are required to form a product. While there are many potential applications of ISF in various industries, toolpath planning for multifeature parts remains a leading challenge hindering the wide adoption of ISF. In this study, a criterion based on the gradient of the target surface was established for determining the appropriate feature forming sequence. Based on the analysis of the gradients of the surface, multifeature geometries were separated into two categories: “plane-referenced” and “surface-referenced.” Experimental investigations of forming a multifeature air intake as an example were carried out to demonstrate the proposed criterion and feature forming sequence. The results show that the choice of the optimal sequence depends on the type of geometry formed. The proposed criterion extends existing toolpath strategies for relatively regular geometries, where features are formed from flat or inclined bases to more complex geometries with features on a curved basis. This work will be of interest to both design and manufacturing communities.
Systematical Collision Avoidance Reliability Analysis and Characterization of Reliable System Operation for Autonomous Navigation Using the Dynamic Window Approach
Authors: Torkamani Elnaz Asghari , Xi Zhimin
Published: February 2022

Dynamic window approach (DWA) is one of the most widely used algorithms for local path planning and autonomous navigation. Although many successful examples have been shown under various operation conditions, to the authors' best knowledge, there is a lack of systematic reliability analysis, its further design improvement, and systems operation guidelines for meeting reliability requirement under different operation conditions. Several goals can be defined for a successful path planning and autonomous navigation. Among them, assurance of the collision avoidance and reaching the goal with less time are pivotal requirements, yet such reliability analysis is rarely conducted in a rigorous manner. Furthermore, design improvement and systems operation design based on rigorous reliability analysis can hardly be found in this area. This paper addresses such a research gap for autonomous navigation reliability analysis and further conducts design improvement and characterizes systems operation conditions for meeting the collision avoidance reliability using the DWA. To address the technical challenges associated with limited number of simulations or experiments, reliability analysis is conducted using Bayesian statistics combined with the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Design improvement and reliable operation conditions can then be conducted based on the reliability analysis. Results indicate that performance reliability of the DWA is sensitive to its parameter configuration, which can be improved through reliability-based design optimization. With characterized collision avoidance reliability constraints, performance reliability of the DWA can be ensured through adjusting its operation parameters.
Nosotras parimos ¿Nosotras decidimos en la atención sanitaria embarazo, parto y puerperio? (Maribel Blázquez Rodríguez)
Authors: Marí Sáez Almudena
Published: February 2022

Nosotras Parimos ¿Nosotras decidimos en la atención sanitaria al embarazo, parto y puerperio?, es la publicación de la investigación que María Isabel Blázquez Rodríguez realizó para su tesis doctoral1, la cual fue premiada con el Premio de Investigación Victoria Kent que convoca el Seminario de Estudios Interdisciplinarios de la Mujer de la Universidad de Málaga, en su edición de 2009.
La presentació social del cos. Quaderns de l'ICA, Nº 26 (Josep Martí y Yolanda Aixelà)
Authors: Gayol José Ángel
Published: February 2022

Desde los primeros estadios de la historia de la antropología se ha producido una constante atención al cuerpo y a la representación del cuerpo en las distintas comunidades humanas. El número 26 de Quaderns de l'Institut Catalá d'Antropología dedica su monográfico a la presentación social del cuerpo, uno de los muchos enfoques que se pueden tomar en el tratamiento antropológico de la materia.
Libertad, sensualidad e inocencia. Ensayos en antropología del arte II (Ricardo Sanmartín Arce)
Authors: López Sergio D.
Published: February 2022

Seis años después de la obra "Meninas, Espejos e Hilanderas", Ricardo Sanmartín Arce ha sacado a la luz su segundo volumen de ensayos sobre antropología del arte. Se trata de seis nuevos textos que toman el testigo de la anterior publicación al explorar los sentimientos y emociones emergentes de la observación de numerosas obras de arte; procedentes sobre todo de la música, la literatura, la pintura, la escultura y el cine.
Investigación aplicada en etnoecología: experiencias de campo
Authors: Ruíz-Mallén Isabel , Domínguez Pablo , Calvet-Mir Laura , Orta-Martínez Martí , Reyes-García Victoria
Published: February 2022

La etnoecología estudia las relaciones entre los humanos y el medioambiente en el que viven, contribuyendo a entender algunos de los problemas socio-ecológicos actuales, como la degradación ecológica o la pérdida de diversidad cultural, desde un punto de vista eminentemente local. Desde el 2006, el Laboratorio de Etnoecología de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona desarrolla proyectos de investigación dirigidos a estudiar factores y dinámicas sociales, culturales, políticas, y ecológicas que ayudan a explicar la relación de sociedades indígenas y rurales de África, Asia, Latinoamérica y Europa, con su entorno ambiental. Huyendo de la dinámica de extracción de información sin retorno a las comunidades, los proyectos del Laboratorio combinan investigación académica con acciones orientadas a la devolución de los resultados de investigación a las poblaciones con las que trabajamos, a la vez que promueven mejoras en el bienestar local y en el uso sostenible de sus recursos naturales.
Kuna Yala, Tierra de Mar. Ecología y Territorio Indígena en Panamá (Mónica Martínez Mauri)
Authors: Aguilar Cordero Wilian de Jesús
Published: February 2022

Antes de comentar esta valiosa obra etnográfica, considero necesario retomar las preguntas que hace Guber en su libro “La etnografía, método, campo y reflexividad”, “¿Acaso vale la pena escribir un volumen sobre trabajo de campo etnográfico en los albores del siglo XXI? ¿Por qué alentar una metodología artesanal en la era de la informática, las encuestas de opinión y el Internet sólo para conocer de primera mano cómo viven y piensan los distintos pueblos de la Tierra?”
Presentación
Authors: Consejo de Redacción AIBR
Published: February 2022

Nos complace presentar el número 8.2 de nuestra revista, haciendo eco de la nota de prensa emitida por la Fundación Española Para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT) donde se anuncia la concesión a la revista AIBR de la renovación del Sello de Calidad 2013. Si bien somos conscientes de que este es sólo uno más de los múltiples indicadores que constituyen la calidad global de una publicación, no podemos dejar de sentirnos orgullosos por esta importante mención. Queremos agradecer desde estas páginas a la FECYT su labor en el reconocimiento del trabajo de difusión de revistas científicas como la nuestra, y aprovechamos este reconocimiento para seguir cumpliendo cuatrimestralmente con una serie de contenidos de considerable interés que pasamos brevemente a comentar.
Antropología, humanismo y responsabilidades cívicas: una conversación con Thomas Hylland Eriksen
Authors: Angosto Ferrández Luis Fernando
Published: February 2022

Thomas Hylland Eriksen es uno de los antropólogos más prolíficos de nuestros días. Su trabajo, sin embargo, no solamente se encauza hacia las audiencias especializadas: Erikson valoriza la popularización de la ciencia y su labor ilustra la figura del intelectual público. Equilibrar el trabajo académico con la participación activa en el ámbito público es una tarea desafiante, pero la trayectoria de Eriksen demuestra que estas actividades pueden ser compatibles y hasta complementarias. A través de su trabajo en el campo de las etnicidades, los nacionalismos y la globalización, Eriksen ha contribuído de manera importante a la teoría social y al debate académico transdisciplinario; por su preocupación con el rol de la antropología en la sociedad y su sentido de responsabilidad cívica en la política contemporánea, ha demostrado cómo el conocimiento antropológico puede alimentar positivamente el debate público. En esta conversación averiguaremos más acerca del trabajo de Eriksen, sus puntos de vista sobre asuntos de actualidad y sus experiencias como intelectual público.
El hambre en los espacios de la cultura. Visiones indígenas Maya Ch'orti'
Authors: Mariano Juàrez Lorenzo
Published: February 2022

Frente a la exuberante presencia de la alimentación y las prácticas alimentarias en las aproximaciones culturalistas y simbólicas en Antropología, el hambre se ha constituido como un objeto tradicionalmente subordinado en tales enfoques. A pesar del renovado protagonismo de la noción de “experiencia” y las aproximaciones fenomenológicas en la disciplina de las dos últimas décadas, el hambre parece escapar de estos planteamientos. Se asume así un tipo de “evidencia” empírica: se trata de una experiencia uniforme, universal, un tipo de realidad “factual” anclada no en los intersticios de la cultura, sino justamente la metonimia y el correlato de la dilución de la misma. A través de una etnografía en la región ch’orti’ del oriente de Guatemala, este texto aborda las posibilidades de una epistemología culturalista del hambre frente a las bases teóricas que lo han ubicado como el reverso de la cultura, constituyendo un objeto de estudio eminentemente político que tiende a asumir que la experiencia del hambre es universal. Las nociones ch’orti’ del hambre se construyen en tramas y significados divergentes a las hegemónicas en occidente, delimitando experiencias alternativas en los modos y experiencias de “sufrir el hambre”. Tales nociones se entreveran de manera protagónica en la definición del orden social y moral, la subjetividad local y la “gustación del mundo” indígena ch’orti’ y no tanto en balances calóricos. El hambre en los espacios de la cultura.
Pueblos amazónicos: estéticas y cosmovisiones (L. Abad, A. Alonso Sagaseta)
Authors: Flores Juan Antonio
Published: February 2022

Acaba de ser publicado un raro libro, especialmente dirigido a los amazonistas y en particular a los estudiosos y curiosos de la cultura material amazónica –la que condensa esa mixtura de cotidianeidad, arte y espiritualidad-, pero que pueden celebrar al mismo tiempo los antropólogos involucrados en la defensa de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas y originarios de este área cultural.
El "Tío" está sordo: Los mineros bolivianos y el Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial
Authors: Fernández Juárez Gerardo
Published: February 2022

Los mineros quechuas de Potosí rinden culto en el interior de mina a un personaje al que denominan “Tío”, el diablo. El artículo reflexiona sobre las contradicciones aparentes en que incurre la UNESCO en el reconocimiento de los bienes de interés cultural intangible o inmaterial aplicadas, en este caso, a la figura del “Tío” y su contexto minero. Las perspectivas “emic” y “etic” chocan con especial violencia intelectual al valorar la significación cultural del “Tio” en las minas potosinas como bien cultural intangible, en un contexto social difícilmente compatible con la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, tal y como reclama la UNESCO. ¿La cultura de la pobreza en que viven los mineros bolivianos agudiza la responsabilidad ética del “tío” o son los responsables del turismo en la zona los que usan al tío para “invisibilizar” a los propios mineros? El artículo pretende responder a estas cuestiones y acercarnos a la vez a las vivencias y expresiones que sobre el “tío” realizan los propios mineros, y analizar las profundas contradicciones que la UNESCO presenta en sus criterios de definición, ”puesta en valor” y reconocimiento de los bienes del Patrimonio Cultural inmaterial.
Mujeres y hombres en el mundo global. Antropología feminista en América Latina y España (Carmen Gregorio Gil, Martha P. Castañeda Salgado, Coord.)
Authors: Jiménez-Esquinas Guadalupe
Published: February 2022

Abrir este libro es como asomarse a la ventana de lo que en la actualidad está pasando por las cabezas, por las mesas y por las prácticas de las antropólogas feministas en el contexto latinoamericano y español. El libro es la materialización de la 52º y 53º ediciones del Congreso de Americanistas, celebradas en Sevilla y en Ciudad de México en los años 2006 y 2009 respectivamente, y aquí se pueden encontrar algunas de las características de los congresos que, como se menciona en el prólogo, son lugares de exposición de ideas, intercambio y debate. Ambos simposios sobre antropología feminista, planteados por Martha Patricia Castañeda Salgado y Carmen Gregorio Gil, tuvieron la virtud de convocar a maestras y alumnas, a feministas de un lado y del otro, ideas incipientes y temas clásicos.
El modelo neurobiológico de la conciencia
Authors: Álvarez Munárriz Luis
Published: February 2022

El modelo neurobiológico de la conciencia está implantado y arraigado en la ciencia actual. En esta contribución se pretende probar que posee unos débiles cimientos que deben ser reforzados. Para mostrarlo se reflexiona críticamente sobre tres de sus dimensiones que se pueden considerar esenciales: (i) la identificación de conciencia y cerebro; (ii) la negación del libre albedrío; y (iii) las escasas aplicaciones clínicas del modelo. Estas reflexiones nos indican la necesidad de construir un modelo más robusto. Se necesita un modelo predictivo cuyos resultados no solamente se puedan validar sino que además tengan aplicaciones prácticas que sirvan para mejorar el bienestar y la calidad de vida de las personas.
Construyendo Teotitlán: tapetes, migrantes, gringos y etnógrafos
Authors: Ruiz Balzola Andrea
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar las dificultades y los desafíos metodológicos y conceptuales que los movimientos migratorios contemporáneos suponen para las ciencias sociales. Para ello, se parte del estudio de caso de los migrantes zapotecos de Teotitlán del Valle, una comunidad cuyos límites aparecen imprecisos y desterritorializados.
Fabulaciones taurológicas y sacrificios rituales: Disertaciones histórico-antropológicas en torno a las fiestas de toros
Authors: Medina Miranda Héctor M.
Published: February 2022

El artículo ofrece un recorrido por las principales propuestas históricas y antropológicas que han creído encontrar restos de antiguos sacrificios rituales en las fiestas de toros contemporáneas, así como aquellas discusiones que han surgido en oposición. Estas disertaciones se analizan prestando especial atención a las dificultades que se han presentado en legítimos intentos de producir conocimiento y de comprender dichas prácticas. A lo largo de esta revisión se describe la manera en que muchas argumentaciones han dado lugar a fabulaciones; asimismo, se ofrecen alternativas para explicar un fenómeno social de enorme relevancia cultural e identitaria en el suroeste europeo y en el continente americano.
Las niñas trabajadoras. El caso de México (Begoña Leyra Fatou)
Authors: Pichardo Galán José Ignacio
Published: February 2022

El extrañamiento forma parte de la esencia de la Antropología Social y este libro constituye un relato de esa experiencia por parte de una antropóloga española que ha llevado a cabo su trabajo de campo a lo largo de casi dos años con niñas trabajadoras de México Distrito Federal. Nos encontramos en este caso no solo ante un cambio de entorno geográfico y cultural, sino ante una realidad, la del trabajo infantil, que en principio parece ajena a las experiencias de los niños y niñas en Europa. Si poner el foco sobre la invisibilidad de las niñas trabajadoras es uno de los principales objetivos de Begoña Leyra, este trabajo nos invita a repensar la invisibilidad que también existe en otros contextos y partes del mundo sobre las diversas tareas productivas llevadas a cabo por menores y, más específicamente, por niñas.
Creencias tradicionales y campos electromagnéticos
Authors: Ross Colin
Published: February 2022

El autor propone que existe una serie de creencias y prácticas tradicionales que pueden proporcionar pistas acerca de la interacción de campos electromagnéticos en la biosfera. Por ejemplo, la creencia en el mal de ojo puede ser una construcción cultural relacionada con la sensación de estar siendo observado, pero a su vez puede estar basada en las emisiones de ondas electromagnéticas a través de los ojos. En este artículo se presentan datos para apoyar esta hipótesis. Otras creencias tradicionales, como la importancia de la conexión con la Madre Tierra también pueden contener una explicación similar. En este artículo se presentan una serie de hipótesis científicamente verificables sobre creencias tradicionales y campos electromagnéticos. En esta fase, los datos son insuficientes para confirmar la hipótesis, no obstante el objetivo de este artículo es estimular el pensamiento crítico y la investigación sobre algunas creencias tradicionales.