bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Microgrid Optimization Based on Simulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Li Shuyi , Zhou Xifeng , Guo Qiangang
Published: October 2019

Based on the pursuit of different goals in the operation of the microgrid, it is not possible to meet the lowest cost and the least pollution at the same time. From the perspective of economy and environmental protection, a microgrid model including photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, micro gas turbine, fuel cell and energy storage device is proposed. This paper establishes a comprehensive benefit objective function that considers both microgrid fuel cost, maintenance management cost, depreciation cost, interaction cost with public grid and pollutant treatment cost. In order to avoid the defect that the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimal solution, this paper uses the combination of simulated annealing algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm to compare with the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain a more suitable method for microgrid operation. Finally, a typical microgrid in China is taken as an example to verify the feasibility of the algorithm.
Research on Urban Smart Energy Evaluation Index System
Authors: Tang Jun , Li PengLing
Published: October 2019

On the basis of the development demand of smart city, combing the connotation of urban smart energy, combined with the goal of smart city development planning, the evaluation index system of scientific urban smart energy construction is constructed, and the basis of quantitative and qualitative analysis of smart energy construction is initially formed, which is helpful for urban planners to take control of the strength and direction of smart energy construction and provide reference.
Influence of light and its temperature on solar photovoltaic panels
Authors: Hou Xin , Wen Daoyuan , Li Fangqin , Ma Chuang , Zhang Xiaotong , Feng Haijun , Ren Jianxing
Published: October 2019

Due to the increasingly limited conventional energy and increasing environmental problems, the photovoltaic industry is receiving more and more attention from all over the world. China’s solar photovoltaic industry has driven rapid development in electricity prices. Photovoltaic power generation is affected by light intensity and photovoltaic panel temperature. In this paper, the effects of light intensity and photovoltaic panel temperature on photovoltaic panel power generation are discussed.
Methane Flux from a Subtropical Rice Field
Authors: Liu Hui
Published: October 2019

It has been confirmed that rice fields contribute a lot to atmospheric methane. The object of this research was to analyse the diurnal changes of CH4 fluxes from a rice field in southern subtropical China in early rice season. The measuring device was a modification of a closed static chamber and gas chromatography. Samples of CH4 were collected from treatments with rice crop plot and bare soil plot at the same time. The results indicated that there are two peaks of variation in diurnal CH4 emissions during the growing season of rice. The average CH4 fluxes in the field appeared in the order of maturity stage (1.96 ± 0.33), booting stage (0.13 ± 0.01) and post-harvest stage (-0.01 ± 0.02) (mg·m-2·h-1). At booting stage, average flux of CH4 was much higher in the plot with rice plants than that of bare soil plot (p<0.01). Soil temperature had no significant effect on CH4 emissions at any stage in this study. The results showed that soil moisture and rice plants significantly affected CH4 flux in rice field.
Research on power grid effective assets input-output evaluation based on super-efficient DEA model
Authors: An Lei , Lan Xinyi , Wang Mianbin , Li Jinchao
Published: October 2019

With the deepening of power system reform, the precise investment and lean development of power grids have become the focus of power grid enterprises. It is of great significance to carry out evaluation research on the efficiency of input and output of effective assets of power grids. Based on the analysis of the status quo of effective asset evaluation in China’s power grid, this paper combines the model of super-efficient DEA with the analysis of effective asset output efficiency of power grid to construct an evaluation system of effective asset input and output efficiency of power grids, and takes the national power grid as an example for calculation and analysis. This paper objectively evaluates the internal and external factors affecting the efficiency of the effective assets of the grid, and provides quantitative analysis support for the effective asset investment decision of the grid.
Progress in the application of hydrogen fuel cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Li Fangqin , Ren Jian xing , Feng Haijun , Ma Chuang , Hou Xin
Published: October 2019

Hydrogen fuel cell is a clean, efficient and pollution-free electrochemical power generation device, which has received widespread attention at home and abroad in recent years. The paper introduces the working principle and advantages of hydrogen fuel cells. The research and development progress of hydrogen fuel cells in electrolyte membrane, electrode, fuel and system structure are elaborated in detail. The hydrogen fuel cells at home and abroad are distributed in distributed power plants. Recent advances in applications for electric vehicles, military and mobile power. With the development of battery materials, improvement of preparation technology and reduction of production costs, this field will have broad market prospects.
Guideline for green design of commercial refrigerating appliances
Authors: Zong Jianfang , Tian Jianwei , Gao Dongfeng , Zhang Xin
Published: October 2019

.This paper investigates the overseas and domestic backgrounds for green design of commercial refrigerating appliances, and regulates the purposes and basic principles of eco-design of commercial refrigerating appliances, the eco-design requirements, eco-design process and key points, major methods of eco-design, and eco-design evaluation and improvement. This paper provides the guiding targets for the commercial refrigerating appliances manufacturer, standardizes the enterprise behavior of commercial refrigerating appliances, and leads the commercial refrigerating appliances enterprise to implement the product green design, which is of great significance in promoting the transformation and upgrading of commercial refrigerating appliances, enhancing the green manufacturing level and increasing the green product supply.
Damage Creep Analysis and Instability Delay Time of Ultrahigh pillar considering Initial Transverse Deformation
Authors: Qi Wei , Fu Jian-xin , Song Wei-dong
Published: October 2019

According to the ultrahigh pillar structure and mechanical characteristics, considering the initial geometric deviation caused by mining disturbance, the simplified model of the pressure bar is established. Based on elastic-plastic theory, the deflection and internal forces of ultrahigh pillar with initial geometric imperfections are analyzed and discussed. Based on the Kachanov theory of damage, the damage of ultrahigh pillar is analyzed, the damage failure time is calculated. The results show that under the influence of the initial deflection, pillar will appear different degree of additional deflection, which grows with the increase of initial deflection and pressure ratio. Analysis of engineering examples show that the start time of damage and instability of delay time of pillar has close relationship with initial deflection, pressure ratio and compressive strength. With the increase of pressure ratio and initial deflection, the damage incubation time and the instability of delay time quickly become small, the greater the compressive strength, the greater the instability of the delay time, which means that the pillar is more stable. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for stability analysis and control of ultrahigh pillar.
National standard research on the minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for air cleaners
Authors: Huang Jin , Shen Hao , Lin Ling , Wang Kang , Wang Baozhu , Yang Xianfei , Wu Wei , Zhang Xiaoxin , Li Zhenhai
Published: October 2019

This paper demonstrates the background and the significance on the national standard research on the minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for air cleaners. The study also introduces the general thinking and principle of the standard development the determination of the minimum allowable values of energy efficiency, the classification of the energy efficiency grades for air cleaners, as well as the testing methods, which would help to eliminate the production of the high energy consumption air cleaner products, and effectively improve their level of the energy efficiency through the developing and implementation of the national standard.
Economic Analysis of Solar Refrigeration and Desalination System
Authors: Zhang Xiaoman , Shen Qin , Zhu Shijun
Published: October 2019

The physical model and mathematical model of solar refrigeration and desalination co-generation system were established. The performance and economy of the system were analyzed by changing the three variables of refrigeration capacity, seawater desalination effects number and three different cities. The results show that increasing refrigeration capacity is conducive to improving freshwater production and increasing freshwater efficiency, but more auxiliary heat consumption is needed, the comprehensive effect is to shorten the recovery period. Increasing desalination efficiency is conducive to increasing freshwater production and freshwater efficiency, and the auxiliary heat consumption remains unchanged. The comprehensive effect is to shorten the recovery period. Solar energy is the main energy needed in the co-generation system of the three cities, and Shenzhen has the largest proportion of energy supply, which reaches 67.8%. Compared with the solar refrigeration system, the recovery period of the co-generation system can bu shortened by 18.1%.
BNNG Algorithm Modeling for Vehicle Classification Recognition under Non Line-of -sight Environment
Authors: Wu Long , Huang Kaifeng , Feng Juqiang
Published: October 2019

At present, the automatic classification of vehicles on roads is mostly based on image recognition, and there are defects in adaptability under non-line-of-sight environments. In this paper, based on the similarity of the integration of the ecosystem model and multi-neural network model, an artificial neural network group (BNNG) algorithm was proposed. The vehicle’s driving acoustic signal was taken as the research object, and it was calculated using the Artificial Neural Network (BNNG) algorithm to achieve automatic classification and recognition of vehicle models. Through experimental tests, it is shown that under non-line-of-sight environments, the accuracy of vehicle classification can be improved, and the misrecognition rate of similar models can be greatly reduced. This provided a new method for the automatic classification and identification of vehicles on roads, which was of great significance to monitor vehicle safety in non-line-of-sight environments.
An Artificial Seismic Wave Suitable for Suspended Converter Valve in the UHVDC Transmission Project
Authors: Xiao Jin , Huang Mingduo , Sun Qiguo
Published: October 2019

The finite element model of suspended converter valve in an UHVDC transmission project with characteristics of flexible is constructed, and its vibration characteristics are simulated and analyzed firstly. The results show that this kind of suspended converter valve has obvious long-period character. Secondly, the long period phase of standard response spectrum in Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB50011-2010) is modified, and then the artificial seismic wave is synthesized employing the triangular series method. The result shows that this artificial seismic wave has long-period character. Finally, the time-history seismic dynamic simulation of the converter valve is done, and the seismic responses of the converter valve excited by three kinds of seismic wave with different period characters are compared and analyzed. The results show that the swing and stress of the suspended converter valve are larger under the long-period seismic wave synthesized in this paper. The quasi-resonance damage caused by long-period seismic wave should be concerned specially in the actual UHVDC transmission project.
Study on wind turbine blade defect detection system based on imaging array
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Lu Chengzhi , Wang Anmin
Published: October 2019

Currently in the process of wind farm inspection, wind turbine blade appearance inspection mainly adopts the telescope or high-definition cameras, low detection efficiency, labor intensity and the precision is limited, in order to solve this problem, a kind of wind turbine blades defect recognition system based on image array is proposed. Through the joint of array camera and image processing server, the functions of the image acquisition, processing, and defect recognition and detection results output are implemented. The software of artificial intelligence deep learning based on neural network algorithm is used to identify the defects of blade image, and output quality analysis report, to realize automatic detection of wind turbine blade surface defect. The field measurement results show that the system greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of wind turbine blade defect detection.
CFD Simulation Study on Mixing Experiment of Anaerobic Digestion Tank
Authors: Zhu Hongguang , Jing Rui
Published: October 2019

The anaerobic fermentation produces biogas with the participation of sensitive microorganisms. The smooth fermentation needs to ensure good heat transfer and mass transfer effects. Stirring is very important to create these fermentation conditions. In this paper, the computational fluid dynamics method is used to simulate the flow field inside a fully-mixed stirred anaerobic reactor. It is divided into a single-layer six-leaf open-type turbine with baffles and two-layer four-leaf inclined 45-degree paddles. Group conditions, and quantitative calculation and analysis of the internal flow field of the simulated reactor. The effects of different blades and different stirring speeds are investigated. The results show that the double-layer oblique upward paddle can produce a better axial velocity distribution, which is more conducive to the formation of a large fluid loop structure that circulates up and down. The average speed of double-layer agitation at 125-320 rpm is less than the average speed of a single layer, but the speed of double-layer agitation at 60 rpm is greater than the speed of a single layer.
The Capacity Optimization of Wind-Photovoltaic-Thermal Energy Storage Hybrid Power System
Authors: Li Jingli , Qi Wannian , Yang Jun , He Yi , Luo Jingru , Guo Su
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes a Wind-Photovoltaic-Thermal Energy Storage hybrid power system with an electric heater. The proposed system consists of wind subsystem, photovoltaic subsystem, electric heater, thermal energy storage and steam turbine unit. The electric heater is used to convert the redundant electricity from wind or photovoltaic subsystem into heat, which is stored in thermal energy storage. When the system output is less than the load demand, thermal energy storage system releases heat to generate electricity. In this paper, the optimal objective is to minimize the levelized cost of energy and maximize the utilization rates of renewable energy and transmission channel. The fitness function is compiled according to the scheduling strategy, and the capacity optimization problem is solved by particle swarm optimization algorithm in MATLAB. The case analysis show that the proposed system can effectively increase the utilization rate of renewable energy and transmission channel.
Development Status and Prospects of Clean and Efficient Coal-fired Power Technology in China
Authors: Yu Guanyi , Guo Yueyang
Published: October 2019

National Development and Reform Commission, National Energy Administration printed Energy Production and Consumption Revolution Strategy (2016~2030), planned clean and efficient production and utilization of coal industry from three aspects: centralized use of coal, promotion of clean coal utilization, and promotion of green coal production. For the coal-fired power industry, promoting clean coal utilization has become the most important target task for the current and future period. This paper analyzes China’s energy development status in terms of China’s energy, power development and power energy structure. Based on the existing application of China’s clean and efficient coal-fired power technology, we investigated the resource efficiency and environmental benefits of clean and high-efficiency coal-fired power generation, and offered suggestions for the upgrading of China’s energy system at a lower cost.
Thermal Management Optimization for a Wireless Charging System of Electric Vehicle with Phase Change Materials
Authors: Fu Zaiguo , Li Lingtong , Liang Xiaotian , Zhu Qunzhi , Cheng Zhiyuan
Published: October 2019

The high-power wireless charging system for the electric vehicle (EV) generates irreversible magnetic loss and quantities of heat during the charging process. Using thermal management with phase change material (PCM) can reduce the temperature rising rate and ensure the operation safety. A thermal management optimization for a 6.6 kW wireless EV charging system with PCMs was studied. The mathematical model of the heat transfer process in the charging system with thermal management was developed. It was solved by a MATLAB procedure and verified by an experimental measurement. A concept of effective time was proposed as the optimization index to evaluate the performance of the thermal management system. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity of the PCM needed to be improved for a better thermal performance. The modified PCM as paraffin with expanded graphite (EG) was adopted and the optimum thickness and thermal properties were obtained. The effective time by using the optimal PCM layer was 3 and 1.2 times that by using the original PCM layer for the charging system with 5% and 10% energy loss, respectively. The optimal layer can keep the temperature of the charging system below 60 °C in long-term operation.
Economic Operation Analysis of Circulating Water Pump in a Power Plant
Authors: Chen Shuai
Published: October 2019

This paper calculates the main indexes of circulating water pump in a power plant, such as flow rate, head, shaft power and efficiency, and shows the test results. The results reach the guaranteed value of design technical specifications.
Ameliorated mean adaptive median filtering algorithm
Authors: Zhang Hongming , Wang Yongping , Peng Chuang
Published: October 2019

Aiming at the problem that the quality of infrared image decreases due to the large amount of random noise in the process of collection and transmission of infrared image of electrical equipment, and the accuracy of automatic detection of electrical equipment decreases, based on the traditional adaptive median filter algorithm, the adaptive median filter is analyzed, which can filter only the salt and pepper noise below 25%. An improved mean adaptive median filtering algorithm is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of wave effect. Firstly, the filtering window is selected according to the decision setting condition, and then it is judged whether the K-mean value near the center point is a noise point, and if so, the window is increased, otherwise the average value is output. Finally, it is judged whether the value of the current pixel point is noise, and if so, the average value is output, otherwise, the current pixel value is output. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively filter salt and pepper noise and Gauss noise, while maintaining the image sharpness, and has good filtering performance on PSNR and MSE indicators.
The Research of the Capture Device for PM2.5
Authors: Wang Wan
Published: October 2019

A rigid ceramic filter is an effective Capture Device to remove PM2.5 from gases. In this paper, an experimental system was set up to investigate the effect of operation pressure and flow rate on pressure drop across a Capture Device for PM2.5.
Research on the Device Design for Calculation Distribution Line Loss Based on Dynamic Three-phase Unbalance Degree
Authors: Wei Meifang , Yang Jing , Zeng Xuhua , Wu Haiyan , Huang Di
Published: October 2019

For the power distribution network line loss calculation, there are some problems, such as backward method, long calculation period, large workload and poor real-time performance. To this end, this paper proposes a real-time calculation method for distribution line loss based on dynamic three-phase unbalance, and a hardware device system with unbalanced phase sequence identification function, three-phase unbalance detection function and line loss real-time calculation function has been developed. The system uses a master-slave design based on the principle of wireless transmission. The slave collects standard three-phase current signals and transmits them to the host through wireless transmission. The host is installed on the low voltage side of the transformer in the transformer region, and the current signal of the transformer region is collected in real time. Unbalanced phase sequence identification, unbalance calculation, and line loss calculation based on dynamic unbalance are performed by comparing the current signals collected by the master and the slave. The above algorithm implementation process can be displayed online in real time. In addition to the core data processing and waveform display functions, the device also includes a battery power supply and management system, a signal storage and transmission system, and temperature measurement, and overcurrent and overvoltage protection. The test results of the device show that the device has the characteristics of convenient carrying, fast detection of three-phase unbalance, and accurate calculation of line loss. The device can monitor the running status of the distribution network transformer region in real time.
Study on Rock Mechanics Parameters of Chang 7 Shale in Longdong Area in Ordos Basin
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Chen Zhanjun , Zhang Suya , Li Xiangyang
Published: October 2019

Rock samples from X-1 and X-2 well of Chang 7 shale in Longdong area in Ordos Basin are studied through triaxial compression test and acoustic wave test in order to obtain accurate data about the mechanical characteristics of the stratum and fracturing parameters.The static Young’s modulus ranges from 2.213 GPa to 4.195 GPa and the static Poisson’s ratio ranges from 0.181 to 0.239 in triaxial compression test. The dynamic Young’s modulus ranges from 2.659 GPa to 5.03 GPa and the dynamic Poisson’s ratio ranges from 0.20 to 0.29 in acoustic wave test. It can be seen that the dynamic Young’s modulus is slightly larger than the static Young’s modulus, and the relation between them is Es=0.8492Ed-0.1349, while the dynamic and static Poisson’s ratios are basically same, that is, μs≈μd.
Water quality prediction analysis of Qingyi River based on time series
Authors: Luo Yulan , Chen Qingsong , Liu Ying , Xie Xiaohui , Du Qianying
Published: October 2019

According to the current situation of water quality in drainage basin, the key to improve the prediction accuracy is to select the appropriate prediction model of water quality. The time series method excellently reflected the continuity of the future data in the case of emphasizing historical data. What’s more, the time series method has the higher short-term prediction accuracy and simple modeling process. So, the time series method was used to establish the Auto-Regressive and Moving Average (ARMA) model for the time series of the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total nitrogen (TN) at the Guidu fu section of Qingyi River from January 2011 to December 2015. Then, the concentrations of the five water quality indicators from January to June 2016 were predicted, which were verified and analyzed with the measured values. The results show that the model has fine fitting effect and higher prediction accuracy, which can accurately reflect the current and future change trends of the water quality.
Study on the mechanism of water inrush in the arid western mining area
Authors: Zheng Chao , Yu Lan , He Jiangyi , Yang Fengfeng , Zhang Jufeng
Published: October 2019

The analysis found that the coal mining process in the western mining area has the mining loss and disaster effect of the water-rich aquifer of the coal seam roof, which is mainly manifested by the overburden water in the roof. On this basis, the formation and development of the separation water of the roof is proposed, and the mechanism of the water inrush from the layer is revealed. It is found that there is hydrostatic pressure and hydrodynamic pressure in the separated water, under the combined action of bed separation water pressure, the mining-induced fracture and water-isolation layer tension fracture are connected, which causes water inrushing in the coal working face of the mine, and provides a theoretical guarantee for the large-scale development of coal resources in western mining areas.
Brittleness Logging Evaluation of Shihezi Formation in Yanchang Gas Field in Ordos Basin Based on Rock Mechanical Characteristics
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Gai Ke , Chen Zhanjun , Zhang Suya , Sun Ning , Li Xiangyang
Published: October 2019

Brittleness determines the effect of reservoir fracturing and is important for increasing the production of unconventional oil and gas. The reservoir of Yanchang gas field is characterized by low porosity, low permeability and strong heterogeneity, which make it difficult to produce industrial gas flow under natural conditions. Triaxial compression tests in sandstone samples of Shihezi formation in Yanchang gas field show that the main fracturing mode is multiple horizontal splitting, the main cracks are completely fractured, and the brittleness index ranges from 46.1% to 51.4%. After S-wave velocity model in the study area is established, the conversion relation of dynamic and static mechanical parameters could be obtained, that is,Es=0.4142Ed+10.769(R2=0.8387),and μs=1.1076 μd-0.068(R2=0.7366), according to which, the dynamic mechanics parameters calculated by well logging can be adjusted, and then the reservoir brittleness could be quantitatively evaluated. Combining with the brittleness index calculated by mineral component method, it can be concluded that the brittleness calculated by well logging is reliable and the brittleness of Shihezi formation in Yanchang gas field is high, which is beneficial for reservoir fracturing.
Bayesian regularized NAR neural network based short-term prediction method of water consumption
Authors: Liu Jianyu , Zhao Linxue , Mao Yanlong
Published: October 2019

With the continuous construction of urban water supply infrastructure, it is extremely urgent to change the management mode of water supply from traditional manual experience to modern and efficient means. The water consumption forecast is the premise of water supply scheduling, and its accuracy also directly affects the effectiveness of water supply scheduling. This paper analyzes the regularity of water consumption time series, establishes a short-term water consumption prediction model based on Bayesian regularized NAR neural network, and compares and evaluates the prediction effect of the model. The verification results show that the Bayesian based NAR neural network prediction model has higher adaptability to the water consumption prediction than the standard BP neural network and the Bayesian regularized BP neural network. The prediction accuracy can more accurately reflect the short-term variation of water consumption.
Research on green credit risk measurement based on Pair Copula grouping model--From the perspective of Commercial Banks
Authors: Sun Han , Ma Hui-zi , Wang Xiang-rong
Published: October 2019

In order to measure the portfolio credit risk of commercial banks in energy saving and environmental protection industry accurately, this paper proposes the value VaRGP of green credit risk and constructs a related model based on Pair Copula grouping model, VaR method (combined with enumeration algorithm).The results show that the credit schemes that commercial banks focus on investing in two areas of industrial emission reduction and environmental restoration is consistent with the conclusion that the two fields have the strongest development momentum.Besides, at different levels of confidence, all of VaRGP have passed the return test, which fully shows that the model is feasible and effective to measure the credit risk in different green fields and to formulate the optimal combination strategy.
Operation Cost Analysis of Typical Power Plant Waste Incineration
Authors: Ye Xiaoning , Lei Xuejiao , Wang Caixia , Li Qionghui , Yuan Wei , Li Ziqian
Published: October 2019

In recent years, as the main way to deal with Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), municipal solid waste incineration power generation possesses the dual positive attributes of environmental protection and energy production. In addition to effectively solving the current environmental problems of “cities besieged by garbage”, it is possible to become an important supplement of urban energy and an inevitable requirement for economic and social development. Some suggestions are put forward based on the calculation results of actual investment and operating costs of waste incineration power plants. The research results are of great reference value for timely understanding of the status quo of waste incineration power plants, formulating policies and guiding the investment and operation management of power plants.
Assessment of water quality of Garmat Ali river for irrigation purposes
Authors: Yaseen Dina A. , Abu-Alhail Saad , Khanfar Haider A.
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the suitability of Garmat Ali river (Iraq) for irrigation uses. Two stations were chosen: station A; far from any polluted water discharge point, and station C; near to a very contaminated water discharge point). Water samples were picked up and tested for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, sulfate, chlorine, and nitrate. Three samples were collected in January and March 2019 from each site, to reflect the wet season in Iraq. Besides the classification of water quality parameters of Garmat Ali river for watering, other parameters were also calculated, such as sodium adsorption ratio, soluble sodium percentage, exchangeable sodium percentage, magnesium hazard, kelly ratio, permeability index, and potential salinity. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines, the overall results showed that the salinity and chlorine were within the range that causing severe problem to plants. In addition, sodium toxicity and hazard were classified the river water as unsuitable for irrigation. Potential salinity was under the class of unsuitable for irrigation. Bicarbonate hazard was under the category “slight to moderate”. However, the remaining parameters were within the accepted range. Most of the contaminants were higher in the polluted station.
Influence of fire position on smoke movement in an inner corridor building with multiple openings
Authors: Zhang Xiaotao , Du Lingling , Pei Guihong , Zhu Lei , Zhang Yue
Published: October 2019

The influence of fire position on the neutral plane height was analyzed in order to analyze the smoke movement. One inner corridor building multiple openings was constructed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software and the airflow velocity and the pressure distribution under different fire position. The result shows that the influence of fire position on the height of neutral plane can be divided into two phases and the base height (Hb) is put forward as the critical values for the two phases. When the he height of fire (hf) is lower than Hb, namely hf< Hb, with the hf increasing, the neutral plane height increase is not significant. However, when the hf>Hb, with the fire height increasing, the neutral plane height increase significantly. Additionaly, in the condition, the position of neutral plane will be on the same level as that of the fire soucrce.
Study on Pollution Status of Cd, As, Hg and Pb in Rural Soils
Authors: Wang Na
Published: October 2019

The contents of heavy metals Cd, As, Hg and Pb in rural soils of Zhashui County (Zhujiawan Village, Xingping Village and Zhongping Village) were determined.. The results showed that the contents of Cd, As and Pb in some sampling points were Slightly higher than the background value of soil elements in Shaanxi. The single factor pollution index evaluation, the ground cumulative pollution index evaluation and the potential ecological risk assessment indicated that the heavy metals in the soil showed mild pollution at some sampling points.
Physical components and influence factors of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the residential area of Beijing
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Wang Guiqin , Bai Yaxuan , Chen Rihui , Zhang Li
Published: October 2019

The treatment, disposal and management of municipal solid waste strongly depend on the composition and characteristics of municipal solid waste. The Physical composition of MSW and its influencing factors were investigated and analyzed in the residential of Beijing area. The result showed that the composition of MSW in four seasons was similar, and the kitchen was the main composition of MSW, accounting for 69-74% of the total amount of MSW. The average age of families, educational backgrounds, family income and building area have a great influence on the physical proportion of MSW. As the average age of the family increases, the proportion of other wastes was gradually reduced, the proportion of the harmful waste was increased. With the increase of educational backgrounds and family income, the content of kitchen waste decreased, while the content of recyclable waste increased obviously. The 50 square meters was used as a dividing point for the residential area of the family, the kitchen waste decreased at first and then increased, while the proportion of disposable packaging and other waste increases at first and then decreases with the increase of building area.
Study on the Influencing Factors of Haze Pollution from thePerspective of Space--Taking the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration as an Example
Authors: Gan Ting , Liang Wei
Published: October 2019

In recent years, haze frequently occurs in the Yangtze river delta region. In order to explore the influencing factors of haze pollution, the paper uses panel data from 2006 to 2016 and spatial lag model to explore the influencing factors of PM2.5. The results show that there is an inverted u-shaped relationship between haze pollution and economic development. The increase of the tertiary industry and the progress of science and technology can improve haze pollution, while the increase of foreign direct investment and the continuous expansion of population will exert pressure on the environment. Finally, according to the research results of this paper, the corresponding policies are proposed..
Analysis for Shore Power Economy in Preventing Air Pollution of Vessels are Docked at the Berth
Authors: Li Haibo
Published: October 2019

Shore power can be used to effectively reduce air pollutant emission of vessels at ports when the vessels are docked at the berth. However, at present, due to investment income imbalance, enthusiasm for the construction of port and vessel enterprises and to utilize shore power is low, which causes that use proportion for shore power is low. Economy for shore power is one of the most important factors to affect the construction proportion and use of shore power. In the Paper, the influence of service charge, power price and maintenance cost of shore power on shore power economy were systematically analyzed, and investment and income of shore power were analyzed and compared. Economic indexes for payback period etc. were calculated and analyzed, and relation and influence for related factors of shore power economy were deeply analyzed. Finally, related suggestions for promoting shore power use of vessels are docked at berth were proposed from the perspective of economy.
Research on Sponge Campus Application Based on Low Impact Development Measures--A Case Study of Wuhan Polytechnic University
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Zhang Haoyu
Published: October 2019

In recent years, China has vigorously promoted the construction of sponge cities and achieved good results. The university campus is a relatively independent existence in the city. Due to historical planning and construction reasons, it is easy to accumulate water when the city has a large amount of precipitation. Taking Wuhan Polytechnic University as an example, this paper analyzes the causes of waterlogging on campus from the aspects of urban precipitation, campus planning, rainwater harvesting and utilization, and proposes a series of low-impact development (LID) measures, such as increasing the permeability of paving area, building vegetative ditch, setting up infiltration green belt, and renovating the artificial lake in the school. The author adopted the SWMM model of urban stormwater management developed by the U.S.EPA as a carrier to construct a low-impact rainwater system model, The SWMM model which funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency was used to construct a low-impact development rainwater system model to evaluate the effect of low-impact development measures on ground runoff control.
Study on land use change and its impact on ecosystem service value –Taking Hengyang central district for example
Authors: Huang Fuqiang , Qi Zengxiang
Published: October 2019

Land use change on ecosystem service value(ESV) and its interaction is significant in the rapid urbanization. The GIS(Geographic Information System) incorporating with ESV equivalent factor is used to quantitatively study the change of land use change and its impact on the ecosystem service value in Hengyang central district. Further more, the Markov model is used to predict the change of land use and ESV in 2030 under the scenario of historical trend development. The results can serve as a useful tool that assists urban planners in their evaluation of ecosystem service value under the impact of land use change.
Membrane fouling control and cleaning technology of ceramic membrane treating wastewater
Authors: Ma Guoqiang , Zhang Shoubin , Yang Yanming , Qiu Liping , Liu Guicai , Zhong Jingxiu
Published: October 2019

Ceramic membrane technique was a new and efficient technology for wastewater treatment and used more and more widely in recent years. Controlling membrane fouling was the key method to ensure the efficient and stable operation of ceramic membrane. In this paper, the causes, influencing factors and control methods of ceramic membrane fouling were summarized. As one of the most effective means to control membrane fouling, several common membrane cleaning methods, such as physical cleaning, chemical cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning and combined cleaning, were introduced. And the application of ceramic membrane cleaning was presented too. Then the future directions for ceramic membrane techniquresearching was prospected.
Degradation of printing and dyeing wastewater by modified biochar catalyzed persulfate
Authors: Ding Feng , Luo Zichen , xiao Zi , Wu Tengyan , Zhong Hongbin
Published: October 2019

The biochar (BC) obtained from banana peel was used to catalyze persulfate (PS) to degrade the Direct Blue 86 (DB86) simulating and dyeing wastewater, which can obtain a much better degradation efficiency (71.1% within 1440 min) compared with BC (insignificant) or PS (26.7%) alone. Then BC was modified, and the influence of modified method, PS concentration, biochar content and temperature on DB86 degradation was also investigated. Results showed that the acid modified method of BC had advantage for the DB86 degradation, and 99% decolorization efficiency can reach within 240 min. The degradation of DB86 increased with PS concentration increasing, and then decreased slowly. Increasing the acid modified BC dosage and temperature can improve effectively the DB86 degradation. When the experimental conditions are PS 5×10-3 M, acid modified BC 5.0 g/L, and 25°C, the degradation of DB86 can reach 99% within 60 min.
Decoupling and decomposition analysis on the CO2 emissions of tourism industry: A case study of Hainan
Authors: Yang Yong , Jia Junsong , Liu Chunyan , Mao Duanqian
Published: October 2019

Currently, little attention was paid to the tourism’s CO2 emission (CE) at province level. Thus, taking Hainan as a case, we computed this province’s CE, and analyzed the relationship between Hainan’s tourism economy and its CE, and the drivers of the CE. The results showed that Hainan’s tourism CE increased rapidly from 99.88×104 t in 2001 to 475.07×104 t in 2015. Particularly, Tourism transport always accounted for the largest proportion of tourism CE (more than 74%). Moreover, Hainan presented a holistic weak decoupling (0.68) during 2001-2015. But the decoupling rate was only 57.14%. Thus, Hainan still has much potential to improve the energy-use efficiency of tourism industry for accelerating the decoupling process. In addition, the effect of population was the dominant driver to promote Hainan’s tourism CE followed by expenditure size effect with the contribution rates of 132.52% and 11.78%, respectively. Whereas energy intensity effect played the most primary role in inhibiting CE followed by industrial structure effect, and their contribution rates were -38.65% and -5.58%, respectively. Last, based on these results above, some reasonable countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.
Jede Generation hat eigene Werte – Generation Z
Authors: Klein Claudia
Published: October 2019

Veränderungen finden ständig statt – egal, ob in der Politik, Mode oder Technik. Seit ein bis zwei Jahren macht besonders eine Entwicklung Schlagzeilen: die viel diskutierte, manchmal belächelte und oft kritisierte Generation Z. Mit ihren Werten und Einstellungen stellt sie Arbeitgeber, Kollegen und Lehrende vor neue Herausforderungen.
Influenza Infections and Emergent Viral Infections in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Cantan Ben , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Martin-Loeches Ignacio
Published: October 2019

Critically ill patients are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for multiple reasons. In this study, we aim to analyze the current evidence and findings associated with influenza and other emergent viral infections, namely, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Among medical conditions, community-acquired respiratory infections are the most frequent reason for ventilatory support in ICUs. Community-acquired pneumonia in a severe form including the need of invasive mechanical ventilation and/or vasopressors is associated with high mortality rates. However, after the pandemic that occurred in 2009 by H1N1 influenza, the number of cases being admitted to ICUs with viral infections is on the rise. Patients in whom an etiology would not have been identified in the past are currently being tested with more sensitive viral molecular diagnostic tools, and patients being admitted to ICUs have more preexisting medical conditions that can predispose to viral infections. Viral infections can trigger the dysregulation of the immune system by inducing a massive cytokine response. This cytokine storm can cause endothelial damage and dysfunction, deregulation of coagulation, and, consequently, alteration of microvascular permeability, tissue edema, and shock. In severe influenza, this vascular hyperpermeability can lead to acute lung injury, multiorgan failure, and encephalopathy. In immunocompetent patients, the most common viral infections are respiratory, and influenza should be considered in patients with severe respiratory failure being admitted to ICU. Seasonality and coinfection are two important features when considering influenza as a pathogen in critically ill patients.

Herpesviridae (HSV, CMV, and EBV) may reactivate in ICU patients, and their reactivation is associated with morbidity/mortality. However, whether a specific treatment may impact on outcome remains to be determined.
Difficult-to-Treat Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens in the Intensive Care Unit: Epidemiology, Outcomes, and Treatment
Authors: Strich Jeffrey R. , Kadri Sameer S.
Published: October 2019

Antibiotic resistance among gram-negative pathogens is a world-wide problem that poses a constant threat to patients in the intensive care unit and a therapeutic challenge for the intensivist. Furthermore, the substantial economic burden and increased mortality associated with infections due to highly resistant gram-negative pathogens exacerbate these challenges. Understanding the mechanisms, epidemiology, and risk factors for these infections is paramount to the successful control of outbreaks and for guiding therapy which often entails use of antibiotics with suboptimal efficacy and/or toxicity profiles. In this review we will discuss the global epidemiology, burden, risk factors, and treatment of highly resistant gram-negative infections as they apply to the intensive care population.
Physics of gyroscope nutation
Authors: Usubamatov R.
Published: October 2019

The known publications of the gyroscope property of maintaining its axis are represented by simplified mathematical models formulated on the law of kinetic energy conservation and the action of an inertial torque expressed by the change in the angular momentum. This is the reason that practice does not validate the correctness of such publications and gyroscopic effects remained for a long time as unsolved problems. The new study demonstrates that the origin of gyroscopic effects is more complex and is manifested by the simultaneous and interdependent action of the several inertial resistance and precession torques produced by the rotating mass of a spinning object. These inertial torques are represented by the action of centrifugal, Coriolis, the common inertial forces and the change in the angular momentum of the rotating mass of a gyroscope. In case of the complex gyroscope motion, the inertial torques can deactivate that represent the new property of the matter. The principles of energy conservation, the action of the system of internal and external torques on gyroscopic devices and their new mathematical models enable for the describing all gyroscopic effects. The main contribution and novelty of this paper is the mathematical modeling and describing the physics of the gyroscope nutation called galloping, which was a mostly unsolved problem in engineering.
Noether’s Theorem Applied to the Classical and Schrödinger Wave Equations
Authors: Adams Nathan , Janka Rebecca , West Johnnie Renee
Published: October 2019

Noether’s Theorem, which relates continuous transformations to conservation laws, is applied to the classical wave equation and the Schrödinger equation. Transformations are derived that lead to invariances and conservation laws.
Simulations and Analysis of Gravitationally Redshifted Kerr Black Hole Accretion Discs
Authors: Puzantian Benjamin , Desjardins Steve , Gigualt Christian
Published: October 2019

The Kerr black hole rotates with two parameters: mass M and angular momentum a and is characterized by the Kerr metric (Taylor and Wheeler 2000). Hence, a binary pair of a black hole and a star can create an accretion disc. A Kerr ray tracer algorithm was used to simulate accretion discs in the Seyfert-1 galaxy. The power law observed flux of relativistic emission lines, and Kerr Fourier image analysis methods were applied to the simulated discs. Simulated image characteristics were analyzed. Power laws were fitted to the simulated data of the Mrk110 accretion disc. Lastly, the simulated images were transformed into Fourier space and characteristics were discussed.