bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal on the growth performance and economic evaluation of laying chickens
Authors:   Department of Animal Production, Federal college of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria., Nduka C. E. , Ukpabi U. H. ,   Department of Animal Production and Fisheries, Abia state University, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria., Olabode A. D. ,   Department of Animal Production, Federal college of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria., Eli E. ,   Department of Animal Production, Federal college of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Tetrapleura tetraptera is a medium sized deciduous forest tree with fern-like foliage and highly characteristic fruit. It belongs to the family of Minosaceae and is a rich source of phytochemicals and has been reported to have several applications as medicine, spice and preservative. One hundred and fifty (150) pullets at point of lay were used to determine the impact of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal on the growth performance and economic evaluation of laying chickens. The birds were randomly selected into five (5) treatment groups in a completely randomized design (CRD) with thirty birds per replicate. Five diets were formulated such that Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal was added at the rate of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% in treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Feed and water were given ad-libitum throughout the research period. Proximate analysis of Tetrapleura tetraptera was carried out. Data obtained from the research work showed that growth performance parameters were significant (p<0.05) in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and hen day egg production; while the values for final body weight, daily feed intake, egg weight and average egg number were not significantly (p>0.05) affected across the treatment group studied. It can be concluded that the inclusion of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal in the diet of laying birds in the first trimester (3 months) of laying did not impact negatively on the bird’s overall performance and can be used in laying birds up to the level of 2.0 kg/100kg of diet in laying birds.
Restricting conventional feed intake for pasture-raised broilers in Papua New Guinea: Effect on growth parameters and carcass yield
Authors:   National Agriculture Research Institute (NARI), Highlands Regional Centre - Tambul, P.O. Box 120, Mt. Hagen, Western Highlands, Papua New Guinea., Ahizo Jeremiah , Amben Stanley ,   National Agriculture Research Institute (NARI), Highlands Regional Centre - Tambul, P.O. Box 120, Mt. Hagen, Western Highlands, Papua New Guinea., Lobâo Martin W. ,   NARI, Islands Regional Centre - Keravat, P.O. Box 204, Kokopo, East New Britain, Papua New Guinea., Roberts Arthur D. ,   NARI, Momase Regional Centre - Labu, P.O. Box 1639, Lae 411, Morobe, Papua New Guinea., Pandi Janet ,   NARI, Momase Regional Centre - Labu, P.O. Box 1639, Lae 411, Morobe, Papua New Guinea.
Published: January 2024

Using agro-industrial by-products and root crops as feed sources in broiler nutrition is gaining momentum. Yet, it is uncertain whether farmers should utilize outdoor movable pens and pasture to raise broilers. In this study, growth responses of 96 Ross strain broilers reared on pasture versus conventional rearing system were evaluated. The former involved subjecting broilers to kikuyu-white clover pasture and restricting finisher ration by 50%. The latter were kept totally confined and fed the same diet ad libitum. All birds were fed a starter ration from days 1-2 and introduced to both rearing systems at finishing-phase (days 22-42) using a completely randomized layout. There were four replicates, each with 12 birds randomly allotted to eight experimental pens. Daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG) and associated costs were recorded over 42 days. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated weekly while carcass yields were measured at day 42. DFI (116.1 g, b-1 vs. 165.2 g, b-1), DWG (10.47 g, b-1 vs. 21.15 g, b-1) and final weights (1,912 g, b-1 vs. 2,978 g, b-1) varied significantly (p<0.05). Pasture-raised broilers consumed less feed, gained less weight and were comparably lighter than full-fed broilers. FCR also differed significantly (2.26 vs. 1.66; p<0.001); pasture-raised broilers were less efficient at converting feed to body mass. While carcass weights (2,058 g, b-1 vs. 2,715 g, b-1) and dress percentages (71.65 vs. 76.73) were statistically (p<0.05) lower for pasture-raised broilers. They were less expensive (PGK14.08, b-1 vs. PGK11.05, b-1; p<0.05) to produce with significantly higher benefit-cost ratio (2.35 vs. 1.99; p>0.05). Raising broilers on kikuyu-white clover pasture is feasible but needs further evaluation, particularly with 30-40% feed restriction and its implications on compensatory weight gain.
Comparative effect of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf and Boo-Sta Plus on the body weight and haematological indices of Wister albino rats
Authors:   Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria., Akwari Ada Ak. , Nkanu Etah E. ,   Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria., Ayim Elvis M. ,   Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

The comparative effects of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera and Boo-Sta Plus on the red blood cell indices and body weight of Wistar albino rats were investigated. Fortification of food is not just trending in the human diet but also in the animal diet. Boo-Sta Plus have been employed in dietary fortification to achieve better results in meat quality, protein mass and weight gain, however, these artificial fortification causes antibiotic resistance and may have other negative health implications. Focus is now being directed on plant-based alternatives such as Moringa oliefera to curb these negative effects. Fresh leaves of Moringa oleifera were washed, oven dried and ground. Twenty (20) Wistar rats weighing (150-170 g) were divided into four groups containing five rats in each group (A, B, C and D). Rats in group A (control) received normal rat chow feed and water. Group B was fed 200 mg/kg body weight Moringa extract (low dose), Group C received 400 mg/kg body weight (high dose) and Group D received Boo Sta-Plus. All the experimental groups received their respective treatment in addition to feeding and water. Weekly body weight was recorded during the duration of 21 days of administration of leaf extract. At the end of 21 days of treatment, blood samples were obtained through cardiac puncture and analysed for haematological indices. The results show that Moringa oleifera leaf extract (low dose) and Boo-Sta Plus caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the RBC, Hb, PCV, whereas a high dose of the leaf extract caused a decrease in the red blood cell indices when compared with the control. The administration of extract caused weight increase at a high dose comparatively to the Boo-Sta Plus and control. It is therefore concluded that ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera has positive effects on blood parameters and body weight and could serve as a substitute for Boo-Sta Plus thereby curbing the adverse health implications of artificial boosters.
The comparative effect of aqueous extracts of Mucuna pruriens and Telfairia occidentialis leaf on liver enzymes and serum protein of albino rats
Authors:   Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria., Akwari Ada A. , Archibong Archibong Nsa ,   Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

An experiment was conducted to determine the comparative effect of aqueous leaf extract of Mucuna prurines and Telfairia occidentalis on liver enzymes and serum protein in albino rats. Complete randomised design was used to assign twenty (20) Albino rats into four (4) groups of five rats per cage. Group 1 (control) received rat feed and water only, Group 2 received 25 mg/kgbw of M. pruriens, Group 3 received 25 mg/kgbw of T. occidentalis while group 4 received 50 mg/kgbw dose equipotent concentration of T. occidentalis and M. pruriens. After 21 days, liver enzyme and serum protein were estimated. The result showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of all the experimental animals across the groups especially T. occidentalis (44.203.47 µ/L) treated group when compared with control (88.803.87 µ/L). Also, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of M. pruriens (36.20 0.98* µ/L) treated group was significantly increase whereas T. occidentalis (16.86  2.69* µ/L) treated group was significantly decreased. The elevated ALT in M. pruriens treated group showed extract may cause liver damage since elevated ALP is a more specific indicator of liver damage. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly deceased in all experimental animals across the groups when compared with the control. Serum protein result showed significant decrease in albumin level of all the experimental groups, however, globulin level was slightly increased in all the experimental groups. There was no significant difference in total protein of all the experimental groups. In conclusion, extract of T. occidentalis showed high hepatoprotective effect while extract of M. pruriens was hepatotoxic. The two extracts were generally low in protein. It is recommended that leaf extracts should be used singly, combination therapy should be avoided to reduce hepatotoxic effect of M. pruriens. T. occidentalis is hepatoprotective and highly recommended for use in control of anaemia.
Effect of graded levels of Awara (A soy-food) waste on feed intake, growth performance, and carcass yield of broiler chickens
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University, Gashua, Nigeria., Sudik S. D. , Makinde O. J. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University, Gashua, Nigeria., Lawan A. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University, Gashua, Nigeria., Maidala A. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University, Gashua, Nigeria., Amaza I. B. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University, Gashua, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Large quantity of Awara waste (or residue) is generated in most parts of Nigeria year round and little or no economic importance attached to it. This study was designed to determine the effect of graded levels of Awara waste (AW) on feed intake, growth performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. Four hundred kilogram (400 kg) AW was collected and allowed to dry under a shade and milled. It was incorporated into 5 isonitrogenous and isocaloric starter and finisher diets (designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) in which the content of soybean meal was substituted with Awara waste by 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% respectively. Two hundred day-old broiler chickens of ROSS 308 strain were used. They were randomly distributed into the five dietary treatments. Each treatment had 40 birds with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. The design used was completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Required management practices were strictly observed. The experiment lasted 42 days. Birds fed 0% and 5% AW significantly (p<0.05) had highest final weight, total weight gain and daily weight gains; low daily feed intake and total feed intake; and had best feed conversion ratio followed by those fed 10% in most cases while those fed 15% and 20% had lowest growth indices and feed intake as well as poorest feed conversion ratio. Similarly, the birds fed 0% and 5% AW significantly (p<0.05) had highest dressed weight followed by those fed 10% while those fed 15% and 20% again had lowest. The entire cut parts and organs’ weights were not significantly different (p>0.05) by the treatments. Also, the proximate composition of the experimental diets was significantly similar (p>0.05) among treatments. The contents of protein, ether extract and nitrogen free extract in the faeces increased with increased AW in the diets. Treatments T3, T4 and T5 had higher protein, ether extract and nitrogen free extract in the faeces while T1 and T2 had lower. Birds fed T1 and T2 had higher digestibility while those fed T3, T4 and T5 had lower. It can be concluded that soybean meal can be substituted with AW by 5% without deleterious effect on feed intake, growth performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens.
Haematology and serum biochemistry of Uda rams fattened with diets containing graded levels of groundnut oil
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria., Kolo U. M. , Aljameel K. M. ,   Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto State, Nigeria., Maigandi S. A. ,   Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto State, Nigeria., Malami B. S. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria., Abbator F. I. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria., Bislava M. B. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted in Usmanu Danfodiyo University to determine the effects of groundnut oil on Haematology and serum biochemistry of fattened Uda rams. Four (4) dietary treatments were prepared; Treatment 1 which is the control, had no groundnut oil, while 2, 3 and 4 contained 15, 30 and 45 ml/kg groundnut oil. The results showed that except for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, MCV and MCH, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher on the control diet, no haematological index was influenced by dietary groundnut oil supplementation. Similarly, most of the serum biochemical parameters studied did not reveal any significant (p>0.05) effect of diet. However, total cholesterol was higher on T1 (1.74 mmol/l), T2 (1.72 mmol/l) and T3 (1.68 mmol/l), which were the same, than on T4 (1.41 mmol/l). High density lipoproteins for rams on T2 (0.85 mmol/l) and T3 (0.98 mmol/l) compared favourably with the control (0.60 mmol) which was lower than 1.25 mmol/l obtained on T4. It was therefore concluded that the supplementation of groundnut oil in the feed of fattening Uda rams at 45 ml/kg feed improves serum concentration of high-density lipoproteins (HDL).
Factors affecting lactation performances of Jersey-White Fulani and Holstein-Gudali genetic crossed groups of cows in Western Highlands of Cameroon
Authors:   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Bangangté, Cameroon., Nguetoum Cyrille , Mohamed Moustapha Fokom Ndebé ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Bangangté, Cameroon., Geraud Canis Tasse Taboue ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Bangangté, Cameroon., Fokom Wauffo David ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Bangangté, Cameroon., Wouembe Frank Khalen ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Bangangté, Cameroon., Nsadzetsen Gilbert Adzemye ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Bamenda, Cameroon., Pierrette Ngo Bahebeck ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Yaoundé, Cameroon., Abdou Salamou Nsangou ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Bangangté, Cameroon., Mbiba Hassanu Fanadzenyuy ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Bangangté, Cameroon., Ndukong Elvis Ndzi ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Bangangté, Cameroon., Njehoya Clémence Aggy ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Yaoundé, Cameroon., Hakoueu Flora ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Bamenda, Cameroon.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate factors affecting daily milk yield, lactation peak milk and calving interval lactation peak of Jersey-White Fulani and Holstein-Gudali genetic crossed groups of cows in Western Highlands of Cameroon. Data on 404 genetic crossed cows obtained from the database of the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) of Bambui in the Western Highlands of Cameroon were used. These genetic crossed cows were results of crosses between imported Jersey (J) and Holstein (H) bull semen with local White Fulani (WF) and Gudali (G) cows. Results obtained revealed that only daily milk yield (DMY) varied significantly between the different genetic crossed groups of cows. Daily milk yield, lactation peak milk (LPM) and calving interval lactation peak (CILP) tended to increase with exotic blood level. Cows with 70% of Holstein exotic blood (75%Hx25%G) recorded the highest LPM (14.51 ± 2.97 kg) and the longest CILP (39.86 ± 9.89 days) being the highest DMY (6.74 ± 0.41kg) was in 50%Hx50%G genetic crossed group. Genetic crossed group II (75%Jx25%WF) registered the lowest DMY (5.59 ± 0.43 kg) and the lowest LPM (10.46 ± 1.16 kg) meanwhile the shortest CILP (27.19 ± 3.68 days) was obtained with genetic crossed group I (50%Jx50%WF). Performances obtained for both DMY, LPM and CILP with Holstein-Gudali (50%Hx50%G and 75%Hx25%G) crossed as compared to Jersey-White Fulani crossed revealed their high productive potential through their adaptability capacity to harsh conditions of tropics.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of domestic ruminants amongst pastoralists in three Local Government Areas of Bauchi Western Agricultural Zone, Bauchi, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University P.M.B 0248, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria., Chiroma A.*, , Abdullahi U.S. ,   Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University P.M.B 0248, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria., Sanusi M. ,   Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University P.M.B 0248, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Gastrointestinal parasite infections of ruminant animals cause economic loss to farmers and low nutritional value to consumers. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic ruminants such as cattle, sheep and goats and the relationship between the species, sex, age, location, season and breed of the respective animals within the period of May to October 2021, amongst pastoralists in three local government areas of Bauchi Western Agricultural Zone, Bauchi State, Nigeria. A total of 938 faecal samples were examined using floatation and sedimentation techniques. Out of the 938 samples examined, 756 (80.60%) were infected. The results from the faecal examination revealed the presence of eighteen (18) gastrointestinal parasites namely; Fasciola, Cooperia, Balantidium, Oesophagostonum, Bunostonum, Haemanchus, Tricharis, Coccidia, Strongyloides, Trichstrongylus, Chabertia, Nematodirus, Dicrocoelium, Ostertasia, Moniezia, Paramphistomum, Schistosoma and Marshallagia. The most prevalent helminth encountered was Fasciola 369 (39.34%) while schitosoma 2 (0.21%) was the least prevalent parasite. Sokoto Gudali, Uda and Kano brown breeds of cattle, sheep and goats, harboured more gastrointestinal parasites than their breed counterpart which are the White Fulani breed of cattle, Balami and ‘Yankasa breed of sheep as well as Red Bauchi breeds of goats respectively. Statistically, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) with respect to the species of animal but no statistical difference (p>0.05) with respect to sex, age, season and breed of the animals. Pasture dressing, rotational grazing, and strategic deworming programmes in combination with control of intermediate hosts will lead to more effective control of the parasite as helminthiasis causes great economic losses to livestock farmers and the nation’s Gross Domestic Products. Furthermore, future investigations are recommended to evaluate the economic impact of gastrointestinal parasites in the study area.
Evolution of TLR3 gene in Nigerian indigenous and exotic turkeys
Authors:   Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria., Jeremiah Taiwo Boluwatife , Abdulrahman Taofeek ,   Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria., Olaogun Aishat Bukolami ,   Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria., Ibrahim Qahharat ,   Department of Microbiology, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Nigeria., Akinyemi Olusegun Moses ,   Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria., Oyetayo Oluwaseyi Paul ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria., Ayinde Omolara Oluwakemi ,   Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria., Babatunde Moses Ilori ,   Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

This experiment was carried out to determine the evolution of the TLR3 gene in Nigerian indigenous and exotic turkeys. A total of 150 turkeys i.e. 100 exotic and 50 indigenous were used for this study. Birds were allotted treatments and fed formulated grower diets that meet the NRC—Turkey grower nutritional requirements. Genomic DNA was isolated from each blood sample, and the concentration and purity of each DNA sample was determined using a Nanodrop Spectrophotometer. After DNA extraction and quantification, three DNA samples from each genetic group (or breed) were taken for TLR3 gene discovery and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The source sequence and the retrieved sequences were trimmed and edited while the amino acid sequences of the new turkey TLRs were predicted based on the open reading frames of the expressed nucleotide sequences, and the nomenclatures of turkey TLRs were based on the best hits of the proteins in the database. From the findings of the study, the SNP (172N>N) detected at position 516 was synonymous in both exotic and local turkey breeds, and this resulted in amino acid changes from Alanine to Threonine in exotic turkeys and Cysteine to Tyrosine in local turkeys. Also, in this study, the SNP (7 Q>*) detected in exon 4 was non-synonymous, resulting in amino acid changes from Cytosine to Threonine in the exotic turkey. Positive Tajima's D values were the same for exotic and local turkey breeds. The findings of this study suggest significant instances of purifying selection acting on the gene. Based on the results of this research, the populations of local and exotic turkeys showed a low level of heterozygosity at TLR3 locus and may be homogenous. Also, there was low genetic diversity in the TLR3 gene of both local and exotic turkey breeds. This suggests potential vulnerabilities and challenges for their long-term health and adaptability. Strategies that aim to increase genetic diversity, like cross-breeding should be implemented.
A ten-year retrospective study of Peste des petits Ruminantis (PPR) cases presented to the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors:   National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State, Nigeria., CHABIRI Ladi Amos , MUHAMMAD Maryam ,   National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State, Nigeria., HALADU Suleiman Ahmed ,   African Field Epidemiology Network, Katsina State, Nigeria., DZIKWI Asabe Adamu ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Nigeria., AHMED James Saidu ,   National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State, Nigeria., OLABODE Mayowa Peter ,   National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State, Nigeria., RAYYANU Usman Adamu ,   National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State, Nigeria., BARDE Israel Joshua ,   National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Peste des petits ruminantis (PPR) is a severe, highly contagious disease of small ruminants, primarily sheep and goats caused by Peste des petits ruminant’s virus (PPRV). It is an important animal disease which now endangers the large populations of small ruminants in Africa, the Middle and Near East, Southwest and Central Asia. PPR is an important transboundary disease of small ruminants throughout Nigeria, it plays an important role in agricultural food production and in sustainable employment. This vaccine strain currently used for the control of PPR in Nigeria is revealed to be indeed the suitable one for use in Nigeria. A retrospective study was carried out to determine the epidemiology and distribution of PPR across Nigeria by looking at the seasonal trend of the disease between 2013-2022. All data on animal carcasses, blood/serum, and tissue samples suspected of PPR from 2013 to 2022 were retrieved from the archival records of the Central Diagnostic Division of NVRI, Vom, Nigeria. The date, location, species, sex, age, flock size, animals affected, mortality and test result were extracted and entered in an Excel file to generate frequency tables. From the year 2013 to 2022, a total of 600 PPR suspected cases were reported to NVRI Vom, out of which 206(34%) tested positive for PPRV. The result shows that the highest occurrence of PPR 55 (26.7) was recorded in the year 2022 and the least occurrence of 4(1.9) was recorded in the year 2018. The number of small ruminants affected within the period under review is around 15,623 while the mortality is around 3574 (22.9%). About 51.4% (109) was reported in Ovine while the remaining 48.6% (103) was in Caprine. A prevalence rate of 34% was reported in this study. This study further confirms the devastating effect of PPR disease, affecting sheep and goats, males and females of all ages. The results highlight the need to monitor the occurrence of PPR and to adopt a strategic vaccination campaign against PPR.
Effect of replacing dietary maize with millet on production performance of laying birds
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria., Daniel J. , Tukur H. M. ,   Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria., Aljameel K. M. ,   Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted to determine the effect of replacing dietary maize with millet on production performance of laying birds. The study was conducted between May and August 2018 at the Poultry Production Unit of Sokoto State Veterinary Center, Aliyu Jodi Road, Sokoto. Two hundred and forty black Bovan Nera layers of 23 weeks of age (averaging 1.3 kg live weight) were used in a completely randomized designed to evaluate the performance of laying chickens fed diets containing different levels of protein. Eggs were collected in the evening (5.00 – 6.00 pm). Egg weight was monitored on weekly basis. Feed intake, number of eggs, minimum and maximum temperatures of the pen and mortality were recorded on daily basis. The data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), using Statview Analytical Computer Package. There were no significant differences in feed intake between the treatments (p>0.05) even though birds on the millet-based diets consumed slightly higher amount of feed (100 – 102 g/b/d) compared to those on the maize-based diet (99 g/b/d). Hen – day egg production was similar between the treatments (59 – 61%). Egg weight was also not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the dietary treatments (46 – 48 g). The study concludes that egg mass decrease when maize is replaced with dietary millet.
Addition of red tomato extract in feeds using protein sources and calcium microparticles on protein digestibility and meat production in broiler chickens
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia., Krismiyanto Lilik , Suthama Nyoman ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia., Wahyono Fajar ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia., Alvionita Alda ,   Bachelor Study Program of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia.
Published: January 2024

The study aimed to assess the effect of adding red tomato extract in feeds using protein sources and calcium microparticles on protein digestibility, meat calcium mass, meat protein mass, and meat weight in broiler chickens. Two hundred day-old broiler chicks (Cobb-CP 707) unsexed aged 8 days with an average weight of 169.19 ± 5.67 g. Red tomato extract (RTE) as an antioxidant source. The study used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates (each 10 birds). The treatments include T0: control feed, T1: T0 + RTE 100 mg/kg, T2: T0 + RTE 200 mg/kg, T3: T0 + RTE 300 mg/kg, and T4: T0 + RTE 400 mg/kg. Parameters measured protein digestibility, meat calcium mass, meat protein mass and meat weight. Data were processed using analysis of variance and Duncan's test in the SPSS version 16 program. The addition of 100-400 mg/kg RTE in feeds using microparticle protein and calcium sources had a significant effect (p<0.05) on protein digestibility, meat calcium mass, meat protein mass and meat weight. The conclusion is that the addition of red tomato extract at 400 mg/kg in feeds using microparticle protein and calcium sources increases protein digestibility, meat calcium mass, meat protein mass and meat weight in broiler chickens.
Effects of strain and season on incubation parameters of Nigerian local guinea fowls
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria., Mas’ud A. , Abba I. A. ,   Department of Animal Health Technology, Audu Bako College of Agriculture, Danbatta, Nigeria., Adamu S. ,   Department of Animal Production, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria., Umar H. A. ,   Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria., Ja’afar A. M. ,   Department of Animal Science, Bauchi State University, Gadau., Shettima M. M. ,   Department of Animal Science, Borno State University, Maiduguri, Nigeria., Shuaibu A. ,   Department of Animal Science, Bauchi State University, Gadau.
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted to determine the effects of strain and season on incubation parameters of Nigerian local guinea fowls. A total of three thousand six hundred (3600) fertile eggs (400 eggs per strain in each of the three seasons; early rainy, late rainy and early dry) generated from 144 matured guinea fowls (120 guinea hens and 24 guinea cocks) were used to obtained the following parameters; number of eggs set (NOES), number of fertile eggs (NOFE), number of dead in shell (NODIS), number of eggs hatched (NOEH), fertility (%) and hatchability (%). Data generated for the study were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of SPSS 25 (2017) to determine the effects of season and strain on incubation parameters. The results of the study showed that Pearl strain had significantly higher (p<0.001) NOFE (320.00), NODIS (36.00), NOEH (274.89), fertility (80.00 %) and hatchability (85.91 %). Season wise, late rainy and early dry seasons had significantly higher (p<0.001) values on most incubation parameters observed. The interaction effect of strain and season on incubation parameters of guinea fowls was not significant, except on NOEH (p<0.001) where estimates obtained for Pearl at late rainy and early dry seasons had the highest values, while the least were observed in Lavender during early rainy, late rainy and early dry periods. In conclusion, Pearl strain of Nigerian local guinea fowl had the best results for incubation parameters during late rainy and early dry seasons than white and Lavender types.
Exploring the impact of turkey age on gut morphological parameters and nutrient utilisation
Authors:   Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Oyo State, Ibadan, Nigeria., Makanju T. D. , Agboola A. F. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Omidiwura B. R. O. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

This study was carried out to determine the influence of turkey age on gut morphology and nutrient utilisation. Data on the gut morphology and nutrient utilisation were collected at the different age intervals of turkeys' growth: the starter (day-old - 8 weeks), grower (9 - 16 weeks), and finisher (17 - 24 weeks) phases. Nicholas turkeys were fed commercial turkey diets ad libitum for the eight weeks of each phase: starter, grower, and finisher. The еnеrgy utilisation paramеtеrs such as the efficiency of metabolisable energy used for energy retention (KRE), the efficiency of metabolisable energy used for lipid retention (KREF), the efficiency of metabolisable energy used for protein retention (KREP) were determined. Rеsults indicatе a significant incrеasе in NEP and REP ovеr timе, undеrscoring thе increasing еnеrgy dеmands associatеd with growth, protein and fat deposition. Results of the gut morphological paramеtеrs, еncompassing villus and crypt dimеnsions, muscular wall thicknеss, еpithеlial charactеristics, goblеt cеll sizеs, and thе ratio of villus hеight to crypt dеpth. Thеre was significant incrеasе (p<0.05) in villus hеight, crypt dеpth, and еpithеlial thicknеss ovеr thе agе intеrvals, suggеsting an increase in thе absorptivе surfacе arеa and barriеr function of thе gut. The ratio of villus height to crypt dеpth furthеr indicatеs a maturation of thе gastrointеstinal tract. This study highlights the pivotal role of gut dеvеlopmеnt in shaping thе nutriеnt utilisation of turkеys.
Implementasi Sistem Monitoring Menggunakan Zabbix Dan Notifikasi Realtime Telegram
Authors: Ishaq Muhammad Yanuar , Firmansyah Firmansyah
Published: January 2024

Sistem monitoring jaringan yang efektif dan efisien merupakan hal penting dalam menjaga ketersediaan dan kinerja optimal jaringan dalam suatu organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan sistem monitoring jaringan menggunakan metode Zabbix berbasis Linux dan notifikasi realtime pada Telegram. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan metode Zabbix sebagai landasan untuk membangun sistem monitoring yang dapat mengumpulkan data pemantauan dari perangkat-perangkat yang terhubung dalam jaringan. Implementasi sistem dilakukan pada infrastruktur Linux, yang berfungsi sebagai platform sistem untuk menjalankan Zabbix Server dan Agent. Zabbix Server berperan sebagai pusat kontrol yang mengumpulkan, memproses, dan menganalisis data pemantauan, sedangkan Agent bertugas mengumpulkan data spesifik dari setiap perangkat yang terhubung. Data pemantauan ini kemudian disimpan dalam database untuk keperluan analisis dan pelaporan. Selain itu, dalam penelitian ini juga dilakukan integrasi dengan aplikasi Telegram sebagai media notifikasi realtime. Ketika terjadi perubahan atau gangguan dalam jaringan, sistem akan mengirimkan notifikasi langsung melalui Telegram, sehingga pengguna dapat dengan cepat mengetahui status jaringan dan mengambil tindakan yang diperlukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan sistem berdasarkan pendekatan waterfall, yang meliputi analisis kebutuhan, perancangan sistem, implementasi, pengujian, dan evaluasi. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas pemantauan jaringan. Sistem monitoring jaringan menggunakan metode Zabbix berbasis Linux dengan notifikasi realtime pada Telegram diharapkan dapat memberikan pemantauan yang akurat, real- time, dan dapat diandalkan, sehingga membantu dalam mengoptimalkan kinerja jaringan dan meningkatkan kualitas layanan yang disediakan oleh organisasi.
Optimizing inventory policy to mitigate stockouts during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of a pharmacy in Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Puspitasari Fransiska Hernina , Chandra Wilbert , Kartika Dewa Parama , Bayu Kurniawan V Reza
Published: January 2024

This paper studies on proposed inventory policy at a well-known pharmacy in Riau Province, Indonesia. Pharmacy X often experiences stockouts, especially during the critical period of the COVID-19 pandemic. These stockouts lead to lost sales. The Q and P inventory models are used to determine the optimal order quantity and order period using several simulation scenarios. Storage capacity and the ability of suppliers to supply drugs are constraints in this study. However, only 7 SKUs that often run out will be examined. The purpose of this paper is to minimize the shortage level of the SKUs using a parameter of shortage costs. After simulation, it was proven there was a decrease in the shortage costs in each SKU compared to the actual state. The reduction reached 23% - 74%.
Redesign of the sizing process optimization to produce warp yarn with strong weaving ability
Authors: Kartika Wahyu , Soepardi Apriani
Published: January 2024

The research focuses on optimization of the sizing process parameters for cotton warp yarn material. The sizing process is a crucial step where warp yarn is coated with a starch solution before weaving. The aim is to produce warp yarn with strong weaving ability, thereby facilitating the entire process. To achieve this, several factors are considered, namely the steam bar, and squeeze roll pressure, including machine speed. The techniques used to address this issue include Taguchi in collaboration with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to effectively address multi-responses. In this analysis, the larger the better characteristic was applied to S/N Ratio, indicating that the higher the GRG value, the closer it is to the desired optimum condition. Based on the calculations from S/N Ratio response table for the GRG, it can be determined that factor steam bar pressure was selected at 4 Bar, with an average S/N Ratio value of -2.935. factor squeeze roll should be set to level 10 Km/m3, as it yields an average S/N Ratio value of -2.912. Factors squeeze roll) and C (Machine Speed) were selected at levels 2 (10 Km/m3) and 1 (45 M/Min) with average values of -2.912, and -4.771, respectively.
ANALYZING STUDENTS' ABILITIES AS PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS OF MATHEMATICS IN CONSTRUCTING PROOFS: A STUDY OF GEOMETRY AND ALGEBRA
Authors: Widadah Soffil , Juniati Dwi
Published: January 2024

Mathematical proof demands accuracy and precision in formulating correct and logical arguments. Students need to develop their ability to produce accurate and precise proofs. This study aims to analyze the ability of prospective mathematics teachers in constructing geometry and algebraic proofs. The research subjects were 8 prospective mathematics teacher students, four male and four female. This descriptive qualitative research begins with giving tests to research subjects, then we conduct interviews. The results showed that male students were better at compiling geometry proofs than compiling algebraic proofs. While female students are better at compiling algebraic proofs than geometry. This is due to the spatial ability of men better than women.  When compiling geometry proofs apply procedural proofs, syntactic proofs, and semantic proofs. When compiling algebraic proofs only apply procedural proofs. Female students when compiling geometry proofs only apply procedural proofs. When compiling algebraic proofs, they apply procedural proofs and syntactic proofs.
ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL THINKING OF PROSPECTIVE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS IN SOLVING ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS
Authors: Sukriyah Dewi , Juniati Dwi
Published: January 2024

Simple qualitative descriptive research that describes the critical thinking skills of prospective mathematics teachers based on the percentage of achievement of critical thinking skills test results. we conducted research on 6th semester students of Mathematics Education Study Program consisting of 35 students. The research instrument used critical thinking skills test questions consisting of 5 questions prepared based on indicators of critical thinking skills consisting of identifying and interpreting, analyzing, evaluating, connecting, and solving problems. Data analysis used percentage. The results showed that the critical thinking skills of prospective mathematics teachers had a total average of 70% in the high category. This is supported by the percentage of critical thinking skills in each indicator as follows: interpreting and identifying indicators by 85%, analyzing indicators by 70%, connecting indicators by 82.14%, problem solving indicators by 20%, and evaluating indicators by 92.86%.
DIFFERENCES IN STUDENTS' MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES BETWEEN OFFLINE AND ONLINE LEARNING AT SMP NEGERI 2 PALU
Authors: Rifka Rifka Rifka , Rizal Muh. Rizal Muh , Hasbi Muh. Hasbi Muh , Meinarni Welli Meinarni Welli
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine whether there are differences in student mathematics learning outcomes between offline and online learning at SMP Negeri 2 Palu. The research used a comparative method with a population of all students in class VIII, totalling 332 students. The sample was class VIII students who did offline and online learning, with different samples but the same abilities. The sampling technique is Purposive Sampling. The researchers took 60 samples consisting of 30 students each from classes A and B. The data collection technique was carried out by taking the even semester midterm test scores for the 2021/2022 academic year obtained by students during online learning and the even semester midterm test scores for the 2022/2023 academic year obtained by students during offline learning, with the same subject matter, namely the Pythagorean theorem. Provided that the material taught is equivalent during offline and online learning and has the same academic abilities: (1). Mathematics learning outcomes obtained an average score of 64.13 and 68.27 (2). Sig value. (2-tailed) 0.187 0.05. This means that H0 is accepted, and Ha is rejected. So, the research results show no difference in student mathematics learning outcomes between offline and online learning.
The Effect of Ms. Teams On Math Learning Motivation And Its Implications For HOTS Skills
Authors: Noor Hanif Jauhar , Agoestanto Arief
Published: January 2024

The ability to think higher order is one of the important abilities because every concept in mathematics is interconnected. This study aims to analyze the improvement of students' higher-order thinking skills and motivation to learn mathematics. The type of research is a combination (mixed methods) with a sequential explanatory design. The sampling technique uses cluster random sampling technique. The sample of this study was class XI IPS 4 (experiment) and XI IPS 3 (control) SMAN 3 Cirebon Instrument This study used tests, questionnaires of motivation to learn mathematics, and observation sheets of learning implementation and data analysis techniques. The results of this study were (1) the acquisition of tests using the experimental and control class N-Gain test was 0.67 and 0.43, (2) student learning motivation in the experimental and control classes was in a good category, (3) the results of the student mathematics learning motivation questionnaire obtained an average initial percentage of 67.470% to 76.405% and, (4) for the percentage of observation results of the average learning implementation of 89%. The conclusion of this study is that student learning motivation in the Microsoft Teams-assisted blended learning model can provide positive for students' higher-order thinking skills
ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL CONNECTION ABILITY IN SOLVING HOTS QUESTIONS ON ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE
Authors: Sukmayanti Sukmayanti , Karniman Tegoeh S. , Rizal Muh , Hasbi Muh
Published: January 2024

Mathematical connection ability needs to be analyzed so that teachers can get an overview of students' mathematical connection abilities and develop learning strategies to improve students' mathematical connection abilities. This study explores the mathematical connection abilities of class XI MAN 2 Kota Palu students in solving HOTS arithmetic sequence problems. The type of research is qualitative and uses student interview results as data. The results of this research show that mathematical connections high-ability students demonstrate strong connections between arithmetic series and algebra, exponents, and roots, and apply these concepts in real-life and economic contexts. Moderately skilled students link arithmetic sequences to algebra but struggle with economic connections. Low-ability students face challenges linking mathematical concepts, applying arithmetic series to daily life, and connecting it with economics. Understanding these abilities helps teachers tailor strategies to enhance students' mathematical connections, aiding their problem-solving skills.
2022 Russian-Ukrainian War and the Future of EU Energy and Transport Security: Analyzing the Implications of Diversifification the Transport and Energy Transit Routes – the Case of the Black Sea/Caspian Region
Authors: Chitadze Nika
Published: January 2024

Given recent events, such as the full invasion of Ukraine’s sovereign territories by the Russian armyin 2022, this article critically analyzes how the use of the Caucasus-Caspian region could serve Brusselsas an alternative means of diversifying energy sources to ensure its energy security. The study iscomprehensive and covers various forms of energy projects. Particular attention is paid to exploringthe various phases regarding Shah Deniz and potential expansion plans. In addition, it carefully examinesall other important factors associated with the production, transportation, and explorationof energy resources in the Caspian reserves.In addition, a key task is to classify and compare the EU’s geopolitical priorities before and after the2022 war, present an analysis of the complex paths of transformation of the EU’s energy supply,and clarify its new policies regarding the relations between the main regional players: the RussianFederation, the EU, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.It has been established that the Black Sea-Caspian steppe contains valuable energy reserves. Dueto the critical geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic importance of the region, the EU has aninterest in the region. The study provides a comparative overview of different aspects of EU energydiversification policies. It examines how these policies have influenced the approach of foreignstates to the Caucasus-Caspian region, taking into account recent events. Moreover, it considersnational goals and takes into account the important interests of leading powers.Keywords: energy security, diversification of fossil fuels, Caucasus-Caspian region, Black Sea-Caspian steppe, EU policy on energy diversification, energy projects.