bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chaos theory applied to the outbreak of COVID-19: an ancillary approach to decision making in pandemic context
Authors: Mangiarotti S. , Peyre M. , Zhang Y. , Huc M. , Roger F. , Kerr Y.
Published: May 2020

While predicting the course of an epidemic is difficult, predicting the course of a pandemic from an emerging virus is even more so. The validity of most predictive models relies on numerous parameters, involving biological and social characteristics often unknown or highly uncertain. Data of the COVID-19 epidemics in China, Japan, South Korea and Italy were used to build up deterministic models without strong assumptions. These models were then applied to other countries to identify the closest scenarios in order to foresee their coming behaviour. The models enabled to predict situations that were confirmed little by little, proving that these tools can be efficient and useful for decision making in a quickly evolving operational context.
The Genetics of Human DZ Twinning
Authors: Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: May 2020

In the course of twin studies whose main focus was elucidation of genetic and environmental factors on behavioral traits, many twin researchers became aware of the strong tendency for dizygotic (DZ) twinning to run in families. Over four decades, Nick Martin and others initiated hormone and ultrasound studies, performed segregation and pedigree analyses, tested candidate genes, carried out linkage projects in sister pairs and formed large collaborations to illuminate the genetics of DZ twinning by genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis. This article summarizes the early work on hormone and genetic studies and describes the meta-analyses that have at last met with success in finding the first genes that predispose to DZ twinning, which also appear to influence many other female reproductive traits.
The Deformational Journey of the Nazca Slab From Seismic Anisotropy
Authors: Agrawal Shubham , Eakin Caroline M. , Portner Daniel E. , Rodriguez Emily E. , Beck Susan L.
Published: May 2020

The Andean subduction zone is an excellent place to study deformation within a subducting slab as a function of depth, owing to the varying and well‐resolved geometry of the subducting Nazca slab beneath South America. Here we combine the results of source‐side shear wave splitting with the latest regional tomography model to isolate intraslab raypaths and determine the spatial distribution of anisotropy within the Nazca slab. We observe that in the upper mantle, the intraslab anisotropy appears strongest where the slab is most contorted, suggesting a strong link between anisotropy and subduction‐related slab deformation. We identify a second source of anisotropy (δt∼ 1 s) within the subducting slab at lower mantle depths (660–800 km). The surrounding mantle and transition zone appear largely isotropic, with deep anisotropy concentrated within the slab as it deforms while entering the higher‐viscosity lower mantle.
Negative Poisson’s ratio in two-dimensional honeycomb structures
Authors: Qin Guangzhao , Qin Zhenzhen
Published: May 2020

Negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) in auxetic materials is of great interest due to the typically enhanced mechanical properties, which enables plenty of novel applications. In this paper, by employing first-principles calculations, we report the emergence of NPR in a class of two-dimensional honeycomb structures (graphene, silicene, h-BN, h-GaN, h-SiC, and h-BAs), which are distinct from all other known auxetic materials. They share the same mechanism for the emerged NPR despite the different chemical composition, which lies in the increased bond angle (θ). However, the increase of θ is quite intriguing and anomalous, which cannot be explained in the traditional point of view of the geometry structure and mechanical response, for example, in the framework of classical molecular dynamics simulations based on empirical potential. We attribute the counterintuitive increase of θ and the emerged NPR fundamentally to the strain-modulated electronic orbital coupling and hybridization. It is proposed that the NPR phenomenon can also emerge in other nanostructures or nanomaterials with similar honeycomb structure. The physical origin as revealed in our study deepens the understanding on the NPR and would shed light on future design of modern nanoscale electromechanical devices with special functions based on auxetic nanomaterials and nanostructures.
Emergence of superconductivity in doped multiorbital Hubbard chains
Authors: Patel Niravkumar D. , Kaushal Nitin , Nocera Alberto , Alvarez Gonzalo , Dagotto Elbio
Published: May 2020

We introduce a variational state for one-dimensional two-orbital Hubbard models that intuitively explains the recent computational discovery of pairing in these systems when hole doped. Our ansatz is an optimized linear superposition of Affleck–Kennedy–Lieb–Tasaki valence-bond states, rendering the combination a valence-bond liquid dubbed orbital resonant valence bond. We show that the undoped (one-electron/orbital) quantum state of two sites coupled into a global spin singlet is exactly written employing only spin-1/2 singlets linking orbitals at nearest-neighbor sites. Generalizing to longer chains defines our variational state visualized geometrically expressing our chain as a two-leg ladder, with one orbital per leg. As in Anderson’s resonating valence-bond state, our undoped variational state contains preformed singlet pairs that via doping become mobile, leading to superconductivity. Doped real materials with one-dimensional substructures, two near-degenerate orbitals, and intermediate Hubbard U/W strengths—W the carrier’s bandwidth—could realize spin-singlet pairing if on-site anisotropies are small. If these anisotropies are robust, spin-triplet pairing emerges.
Enabling selective absorption in perovskite solar cells for refractometric sensing of gases
Authors: Elshorbagy Mahmoud H. , Cuadrado Alexander , Romero Beatriz , Alda Javier
Published: May 2020

Perovskite solar cells are currently considered a promising technology for solar energy harvesting. Their capability to deliver an electrical signal when illuminated can sense changes in environmental parameters. We have numerically analyzed the variation of the current delivered by a perovskite cell as a function of the index of refraction of air, that is in contact with the front surface of the cell. This calculation identifies which geometrical and material structures enhance this behavior. After replacing the top transparent electrode of a solar cell by an optimized subwavelength metallic grating, we find a large variation in the responsivity of the cell with respect to the change in the index of refraction of the surrounding medium. Such a refractometric sensor can be interrogated electronically, avoiding the cumbersome set-ups of spectral or angular interrogation methods. We present an adaptation of the performance parameters of refractometric sensors (sensitivity and figure of merit) to the case of opto-electronic interrogation methods. The values of sensitivity and Figure of Merit are promising for the development of refractometric perovskite-based sensors.
Graph-Based Analysis of Visual Scanning Patterns: A Developmental Study on Green and Normal Images
Authors: Yazdan-Shahmorad Padideh , Sammaknejad Negar , Bakouie Fatemeh
Published: May 2020

The present study investigated the visual scanning pattern of children with typical development in three different age groups(4–6,6–8,8–10 years old). We used a data set from one related research, which included images with different low-level features: Green and Normal. This study analyzed age-associated inter-individual differences and was intended to show that graph profiling combined with a fixation time approach could help us to better understand the developmental visual pattern. Thus, degree centrality as one of the graph theory measures was implied to analyze gaze distribution. We explored the influence of bottom-up features, comparing the first 2 s (early phase) with the interval from 4 to 6 s (late phase) of scene exploration during age development. Our results indicated that degree centrality and fixation time increased with age. Furthermore, it was found that the effects of saliency are short-lived but significant. Moreover, we found that Green images during the early phase play an important role in visual anchoring, and the children’s performance was significantly different between 4–6 y and 6–8y-group. This comparative study underscores the ability of degree centrality as a developing innovative measure to perform eye-tracking data analyses.
Transition from spiral wave chimeras to phase cluster states
Authors: Totz Jan Frederik , Tinsley Mark R. , Engel Harald , Showalter Kenneth
Published: May 2020

Photochemically coupled Belousov-Zhabotinsky micro-oscillators are studied in experiments and simulations. Generally good agreement between the experimental and simulated dynamical behavior is found, with spiral wave chimeras exhibited at small values of the time delay in the coupling between the oscillators, spiral wave core splitting at higher values, and phase cluster states replacing the spiral wave dynamics at the highest values of the time delay. Spiral wave chimera dynamics is exhibited experimentally for much of the time delay range, while spiral wave phase cluster states are exhibited more in the model simulations. In addition to comparing the experimental and simulation behavior, we explore the novel spiral wave phase cluster states and develop a mechanism for this new and unusual dynamical behavior.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the eusocial sponge-dwelling snapping shrimp Synalpheus microneptunus
Authors: Chak Solomon T. C. , Barden Phillip , Baeza J. Antonio
Published: May 2020

In the marine realm, eusociality is only known to have evolved within a clade of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps in the genus Synalpheus. Deciphering the genomic underpinnings of eusociality in these marine shrimps has been limited by the sparse genomic resources in this genus. Here, we report, for a eusocial shrimp Synalpheus microneptunus, a complete mitochondrial genome (22X coverage) assembled from short Illumina 150 bp paired-end reads. The 15,603 bp long mitochondrial genome of S. microneptunus is AT-rich and includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and an 834 bp intergenic region assumed to be the D-loop. The gene order is identical to that reported for most caridean shrimps and corresponds to the presumed Pancrustacean ground pattern. All PCGs showed signs of purifying selection, with KA/KS <<1 across the whole PCGs and most sliding windows within PCGs. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses of 13 PCGs and 68 terminals supports the monophyly of the Caridea and the family Alpheidae. The complete mitochondrial genome of the eusocial shrimp Synalpheus microneptunus will contribute to a better understanding of the selective pressures and rates of molecular evolution in marine eusocial animals.
Predicting worse survival for newly diagnosed T cell lymphoma based on the decreased baseline CD16−/CD16 + monocyte ratio
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ruan Jing , Zhou Daobin , Han Xiao , Zhang Yan , Wang Wei , Ouyang Mingqi
Published: May 2020

T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL) is highly invasive and heterogeneous without accurate prognosis prediction. We proposed peripheral CD16−/CD16 + monocytes the additional indicators for T-NHL prognosis. We prospectively recruited 31 T-NHL patients without previous treatment. The CD16−/CD16 + monocyte ratio before chemotherapy was calculated and regular follow up was performed to calculate prognostic prediction value. Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) in tumor tissue were counted and transcriptome sequencing of CD16− and CD16 + monocytes was applied to explore potential mechanisms. We found that T-NHL patients had higher ratio of total monocytes especially the CD16 + monocytes along with a decreased ratio of CD16−/CD16 + monocytes, compared to the health control. The 1-year overall survival rate was 0.492 and 0.755 for CD16− monocyte/CD16 + monocyte ratio of <11 and ≥11(p < 0.05), respectively. The peripheral CD16−/CD16 + monocyte ratio was significantly relevant with the pathological CD68/CD206 macrophage ratio. The differently expressed genes in CD16− and CD16 + monocytes from T-NHL patients were mainly involved in signaling molecules related to tumor microenvironment. Pro-tumor genes were identified in monocyte subsets especially in CD16 + monocytes. In conclusion, the ratio of peripheral CD16−/CD16 + monocyte helps to stratify the prognosis of T-NHL. The relatively increased CD16 + monocytes may contribute to the pro-tumor microenvironment of T-NHL.
Characterization of Satellite DNAs in Squirrel Monkeys genus Saimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini)
Authors: Valeri Mirela Pelizaro , Dias Guilherme Borges , Moreira Camila Nascimento , Yonenaga-Yassuda Yatiyo , Stanyon Roscoe , Kuhn Gustavo Campos e Silva , Svartman Marta
Published: May 2020

The genusSaimiriis a decades-long taxonomic and phylogenetic puzzle to which cytogenetics has contributed crucial data. AllSaimirispecies apparently have a diploid number of 2n = 44 but vary in the number of chromosome arms. Repetitive sequences such as satellite DNAs are potentially informative cytogenetic markers because they display high evolutionary rates. Our goal is to increase the pertinent karyological data by more fully characterizing satellite DNA sequences in theSaimirigenus. We were able to identify two abundant satellite DNAs, alpha (~340 bp) and CapA (~1,500 bp), from short-read clustering of sequencing datasets fromS. boliviensis. The alpha sequences comprise about 1% and the CapA 2.2% of theS. boliviensisgenome. We also mapped both satellite DNAs inS. boliviensis, S. sciureus, S. vanzolinii, andS. ustus. The alpha has high interspecific repeat homogeneity and was mapped to the centromeres of all analyzed species. CapA is associated with non-pericentromeric heterochromatin and its distribution varies amongSaimirispecies. We conclude that CapA genomic distribution and its pervasiveness across Platyrrhini makes it an attractive cytogenetic marker forSaimiriand other New World monkeys.
Eyes shut homolog (EYS) interacts with matriglycan of O-mannosyl glycans whose deficiency results in EYS mislocalization and degeneration of photoreceptors
Authors: Liu Yu , Yu Miao , Shang Xuanze , Nguyen My Hong Hoai , Balakrishnan Shanmuganathan , Sager Rachel , Hu Huaiyu
Published: May 2020

Mutations in eyes shut homolog (EYS), a secreted extracellular matrix protein containing multiple laminin globular (LG) domains, and in protein O-mannose β1, 2-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase 1 (POMGnT1), an enzyme involved in O-mannosyl glycosylation, cause retinitis pigmentosa (RP), RP25 and RP76, respectively. How EYS and POMGnT1 regulate photoreceptor survival is poorly understood. Since some LG domain-containing proteins function by binding to the matriglycan moiety of O-mannosyl glycans, we hypothesized that EYS interacted with matriglycans as well. To test this hypothesis, we performed EYS Far-Western blotting assay and generated pomgnt1 mutant zebrafish. The results showed that EYS bound to matriglycans. Pomgnt1 mutation in zebrafish resulted in a loss of matriglycan, retention of synaptotagmin-1-positive EYS secretory vesicles within the outer nuclear layer, and diminished EYS protein near the connecting cilia. Photoreceptor density in 2-month old pomgnt1 mutant retina was similar to the wild-type animals but was significantly reduced at 6-months. These results indicate that EYS protein localization to the connecting cilia requires interaction with the matriglycan and that O-mannosyl glycosylation is required for photoreceptor survival in zebrafish. This study identified a novel interaction between EYS and matriglycan demonstrating that RP25 and RP76 are mechanistically linked in that O-mannosyl glycosylation controls targeting of EYS protein.
Characteristics of emergency patients with markedly elevated D-dimer levels
Authors: Tang Ning , Pan Yinyin , Xu Chao , Li Dengju
Published: May 2020

Background: Markedly elevated D-dimer levels can occur in emergency patients with various clinical situations, and is likely to indicate the presence of coagulopathy, rapid differential diagnosis was crucial for them. Methods: D-dimer was detected in consecutive 813 patients entering the emergency department of our hospital, for the patients with D-dimer levels above 5.0 µg/mL, the final diagnoses and 28-day mortality were confirmed, and the levels of thrombomodulin (TM), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP) on admission were detected. Results: There were 148 emergency patients with D-dimer levels higher than 5.0 µg/mL mainly due to sepsis, malignancy, trauma, venous thromboembolism (VTE), cerebrovascular accident, and so on. Both of the TM and TAT levels among these diagnoses were significantly different (p < 0.001). The elevated TM (>13.3 TU/mL) had a predictive value of 96.0% for excluding VTE, and the normal TM had a predictive value of 90.4% for excluding sepsis. The overall 28-day mortality of these patients with D-dimer >5.0 ug/mL was 14.2%, the TAT level on admission was independently associated with 28-day mortality (odds ratio 1.014, 95% CI 1.001–1.027, P = 0.030). Conclusions: The medical emergencies associated with markedly elevated D-dimer levels were revealed, specific markers of endothelial dysfunction and thrombin generation measured by automatic analyzer have the potential to distinguish diagnoses and predict outcomes in these patients.
An analysis of optimal fertigation implications in different soils on reducing environmental impacts of agricultural nitrate leaching
Authors: Azad Nasrin , Behmanesh Javad , Rezaverdinejad Vahid , Abbasi Fariborz , Navabian Maryam
Published: May 2020

Excessive and incorrect use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agriculture leads to high nitrate leaching to groundwater and harmful effects on the environment. The main objective of this research was to optimize the N fertigation scheduling for a surface micro-irrigation system in different soils. N uptake by corn and its losses were investigated for two fertigation scheduling scenarios including regional recommendation scheduling with three fertigation events and a weekly application schedule. The fertigation scheduling was then optimized to achieve both environmental objectives (minimizing nitrate losses) and corn N requirements (maximizing N uptake sufficiency). For this purpose, the HYDRUS-2D model, simulating water flow and N transport in soil, was linked to an optimization algorithm. In both scenarios, N uptake by plant was not adequate at different stages of growth in all three soil types, especially in the sandy loam soil. Optimization produced a decrease in nitrate leaching and an increase in N uptake as well as fully supplied plant requirements at different stages of corn growth. Optimization framework presented in this study and optimum fertigation scheduling in various soil textures can be applicable as a guideline for operators of micro-irrigation systems which reduce nitrate leaching and increase N uptake sufficiency.
Hydroxy-octadecenoic acids instead of phorbol esters are responsible for the Jatropha curcas kernel cake’s toxicity
Authors: Wang Xing-Hong , Liu Jie-Qing , Chen Suiyun , Yin Yanfeng , Liu Yan , Zhang Changhe
Published: May 2020

The toxic kernel cake of Jatropha curcas (KCakeJ) is an emerging health and environmental concern. Although phorbol esters are widely recognized as the major toxin of KCakeJ, convincing evidence is absent. Here, we show that rather than phorbol esters an isomeric mixture of 11-hydroxy-9E-octadecenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-10E-octadecenoic acid and 12-hydroxy-10Z-octadecenoic acid (hydroxy-octadecenoic acids, molecular formula C18H34O3) is the major toxic component. The toxicities of hydroxy-octadecenoic acids on experimental animals, e.g. acute lethality, causing inflammation, pulmonary hemorrhage and thrombi, allergies, diarrhea and abortion, are consistent with those on human/animals caused by Jatropha seed and/or KCakeJ. The hydroxyl group and the double bond are essential for hydroxy-octadecenoic acids’ toxicity. The main pathway of the toxicity mechanism includes down-regulating UCP3 gene expression, promoting ROS production, thus activating CD62P expression (platelet activation) and mast cell degranulation. The identification of the major toxin of KCakeJ lays a foundation for establishing an environmentally friendly Jatropha biofuel industry.
VGLUT2-expressing neurons in the vestibular nuclear complex mediate gravitational stress-induced hypothermia in mice
Authors: Abe Chikara , Yamaoka Yusuke , Maejima Yui , Mikami Tomoe , Yokota Shigefumi , Yamanaka Akihiro , Morita Hironobu
Published: May 2020

The vestibular system, which is essential for maintaining balance, contributes to the sympathetic response. Although this response is involved in hypergravity load-induced hypothermia in mice, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study showed that hypergravity (2g) decreased plasma catecholamines, which resulted in hypoactivity of the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT). Hypothermia induced by 2g load was significantly suppressed by administration of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists, suggesting the involvement of decrease in iBAT activity through sympathoinhibition. Bilateral chemogenetic activation of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2)-expressing neurons in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) induced hypothermia. The VGLUT2-expressing neurons contributed to 2g load-induced hypothermia, since their deletion suppressed hypothermia. Although activation of vesicular gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter-expressing neurons in the VNC induced slight hypothermia instead of hyperthermia, their deletion did not affect 2g load-induced hypothermia. Thus, we concluded that 2g load-induced hypothermia resulted from sympathoinhibition via the activation of VGLUT2-expressing neurons in the VNC.
Heat shock protein 90-targeted photodynamic therapy enables treatment of subcutaneous and visceral tumors
Authors: Kaneko Kensuke , Osada Takuya , Morse Michael A. , Gwin William R. , Ginzel Joshua D. , Snyder Joshua C. , Yang Xiao-Yi , Liu Cong-Xiao , Diniz Márcio A. , Bodoor Khaldon , Hughes Philip F. , Haystead Timothy AJ. , Lyerly H. Kim
Published: May 2020

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) ablates malignancies by applying focused near-infrared (nIR) light onto a lesion of interest after systemic administration of a photosensitizer (PS); however, the accumulation of existing PS is not tumor-exclusive. We developed a tumor-localizing strategy for PDT, exploiting the high expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in cancer cells to retain high concentrations of PS by tethering a small molecule Hsp90 inhibitor to a PS (verteporfin, VP) to create an Hsp90-targeted PS (HS201). HS201 accumulates to a greater extent than VP in breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in increased treatment efficacy of HS201-PDT in various human breast cancer xenografts regardless of molecular and clinical subtypes. The therapeutic index achieved with Hsp90-targeted PDT would permit treatment not only of localized tumors, but also more diffusely infiltrating processes such as inflammatory breast cancer.
A framework for glass-box physics rule learner and its application to nano-scale phenomena
Authors: Cho In Ho , Li Qiang , Biswas Rana , Kim Jaeyoun
Published: May 2020

Attempts to use machine learning to discover hidden physical rules are in their infancy, and such attempts confront more challenges when experiments involve multifaceted measurements over three-dimensional objects. Here we propose a framework that can infuse scientists’ basic knowledge into a glass-box rule learner to extract hidden physical rules behind complex physics phenomena. A “convolved information index” is proposed to handle physical measurements over three-dimensional nano-scale specimens, and the multi-layered convolutions are “externalized” over multiple depths at the information level, not in the opaque networks. A transparent, flexible link function is proposed as a mathematical expression generator, thereby pursuing “glass-box” prediction. Consistent evolution is realized by integrating a Bayesian update and evolutionary algorithms. The framework is applied to nano-scale contact electrification phenomena, and results show promising performances in unraveling transparent expressions of a hidden physical rule. The proposed approach will catalyze a synergistic machine learning-physics partnership.
Phenyl doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for sensing of copper ions in living cells
Authors: Song Zhiping , Xu Yuan-Teng , Guo Liangqia
Published: May 2020

Phenyl doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets exhibited a sensitive and selective detection for Cu2+ in buffer solution and were applied to semiquantitatively detect Cu2+ in HeLa cells, avoiding the interference of background autofluorescence.
Effects of mixing between short-chain and branched-chain alcohols in protonated clusters
Authors: Hsu Po-Jen , Shinkai Takahiro , Tai Pei-Han , Fujii Asuka , Kuo Jer-Lai
Published: May 2020

The temperature-dependence and hydrogen-bonded structures of protonated methanol and tert-butyl alcohol mixed clusters were explored by using size-selective infrared spectroscopy and an extensive structure search using density functional theory.
Analysis of the electronic delocalization in some isoelectronic analogues of B12 doped with beryllium and/or carbon
Authors: Islas Rafael , Inostroza Diego , Arias-Olivares David , Zúñiga-Gutiérrez Bernardo , Poater Jordi , Solà Miquel
Published: May 2020

Isoelectronic substitutions (B → Be− and B → C+) were carried out in the B12 cluster and a new set of compounds was proposed. Changes in the molecular (bowl-shaped) and electronic (disk aromaticity) structure due to substitution were analyzed.
Cu(ii)Cl2 containing bispyridine-based porous organic polymer support prepared via alkyne–azide cycloaddition as a heterogeneous catalyst for oxidation of various olefins
Authors: Yoon Jongho , Choi Hye Min , Lee Suk Joong
Published: May 2020

A new type of porous organic polymer (POP) based heterogeneous catalyst Cu-POP was prepared by immobilizing Cu(ii)Cl2 into bpy containing POP prepared via alkyne–azide cycloaddition. It showed good catalytic oxidations towards various olefins.
Conjugated nanoporous polycarbazole bearing a cobalt complex for efficient visible-light driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Guo Bin , Li Hai-Yan , Chen Jian-Ying , Young David James , Lang Jian-Ping , Li Hong-Xi
Published: May 2020

A conjugated nanoporous polycarbazole (CNP) cross-linked by pyridine and coordinated to Co(iii) displays high catalytic performance for visible light-driven H2generation.
A non-enzymatic electrochemical approach for l-lactic acid sensor development based on CuO·MWCNT nanocomposites modified with a Nafion matrix
Authors: Hussain Mohammad Musarraf , Asiri Abdullah M. , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: May 2020

Copper oxide decorated multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites (CuO·MWCNT NCs) were prepared using a simple wet-chemical technique in basic medium.
Mechanism and origins of stereo- and enantioselectivities of palladium-catalyzed hydroamination of racemic internal allenes via dynamic kinetic resolution: a computational study
Authors: Wu Zhenzhen , Zhang Mei , Shi Yu , Huang Genping
Published: May 2020

DFT calculations were performed to investigate the Pd-catalyzed hydroamination of racemic internal allenes with pyrazoles.
Single chain in mean field simulation of flexible and semiflexible polymers: comparison with discrete chain self-consistent field theory
Authors: Park So Jung , Kim Jaeup U.
Published: May 2020

Through quantitative free energy analysis, we demonstrate that discrete chain self-consistent field theory (DCSCFT) can serve as an intermediate tool positioned between single chain in mean field simulation and SCFT.
Linear frequency modulated thermal wave imaging for estimation of osteoporosis: an analytical approach
Authors: Sharma A. , Mulaveesala R. , Dua G. , Kumar N.
Published: May 2020

Active infrared thermography or thermal wave imaging is one of the promising non‐contact, non‐invasive, remote, patient friendly and safe imaging modality for the testing and evaluation of various bio‐materials. Among various thermal wave imaging modalities recently proposed, frequency modulated thermal wave imaging gained its acceptance due to its high depth resolvability for visualising the surface and sub‐surface features of the test sample. This is due to its continuous depth scanning capabilities with the imposed continuous band of thermal waves with significant and equal magnitudes into the test sample with moderate peak power imposed heat flux in a limited span of experimentation time. This Letter highlights a novel analytical approach for examination of the severity of the osteoporosis. Further, the proposed analytical treatment is validated with the results obtained from the commercially available finite‐element based modelling and simulation.
Integrated fault‐tolerant control system design based on continuous model predictive control for longitudinal manoeuvre of hypersonic vehicle with actuator faults
Authors: Hu Chaofang , Wei Xiaofang , Cao Lei , Tao Ye , Gao Zhifei , Hu Yongtai
Published: May 2020

In this study, an integrated fault‐tolerant control (IFTC) approach with a two‐layer structure is proposed for longitudinal manoeuvre of the hypersonic vehicle with elevator deflection faults. On the top, longitudinal manoeuvre trajectory optimisation problem being subjected to state and input constraints is formulated. The minimum oscillation is taken as the objective function, and the direct collocation method is introduced to calculate the optimal manoeuvre reference trajectory online. On the bottom, diverse elevator deflection faults of the hypersonic vehicle are considered. The faulty longitudinal model is reformulated by input–output feedback linearisation, and the faults are equivalently lumped into additional uncertainties. For the lumped uncertainties and high‐order derivatives of velocity and altitude of manoeuvre feasible trajectory, an extended state observer is used for online estimation. The fault‐tolerant control based on continuous model predictive control is designed, where predictive models are derived by Taylor expansion approximation. To guarantee that the control inputs do not violate constraints, the analytical control law is improved by the optimal‐aim distance criterion. The stability of the closed‐loop control system and boundedness of observation errors are proved. The simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed IFTC approach.
Exponential stability analysis and model reduction for spatially interconnected discrete‐time systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Wang Hui , Xu Huiling , Chen Xuefeng , Zhang Dan
Published: May 2020

This study tackles the problems of exponential stability analysis and model reduction for spatially interconnected discrete‐time systems with time‐varying delay. The well‐posedness, exponential stability, and contractiveness of spatially interconnected discrete‐time systems subject to time‐varying delay are defined and a sufficient condition in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) is put forth to test these properties. By exploiting the above analysis result, a sufficient condition for guaranteeing the existence of a reduced‐order system is derived. With the help of Finsler lemma, a reduced‐order system is derived based on the LMI method. By taking advantage of the same method, a delay‐free reduced‐order system for a given spatially interconnected discrete time‐varying delay system can also be attained. Finally, two examples have been carried out to show the feasibility and validity of the derived theories.
Real‐time data‐assisted replay attack detection in wide‐area protection system
Authors: Chougule Minal , Soman Shreevardhan A
Published: May 2020

The cyber‐attack surface in the power grid has widened with the deployment of the wide‐area monitoring, protection, and control (WAMPAC) system. Replay attacks are one of the most challenging attacks to detect in a WAMPAC system. The authors aim to address the problem of identification and repercussions of continuous replay attacks on wide‐area backup protection schemes. The continuous replay attacks introduce a permanent lag in the phasor measurement unit (PMU) data. The authors classify such attacks into small, medium, and wide‐scale based on the number of compromised substations. Furthermore, the signature of a replay attack is derived using a one‐step‐ahead prediction of PMU data. The resulting forecast error distributions are subsequently analysed using the Kullback–Leibler divergence metric. Results using field PMU data show that this method successfully distinguishes replay attacks from normal system operation and faults in the system. Therefore, the proposed scheme can be used to detect and mitigate the effects of replay attacks on wide‐area protection schemes.
Compact UWB‐to‐C band reconfigurable filtenna based on elliptical monopole antenna integrated with bandpass filter for cognitive radio systems
Authors: Shome Partha Pratim , Khan Taimoor , Koul Shiban Kishan , Antar Yahia M.M.
Published: May 2020

In this study, a compact configuration of frequency reconfigurable filtenna, designed by integrating a bandpass filter and with a monopole radiator, is demonstrated for achieving high‐frequency selectivity along with compact size. The proposed filtenna can be efficiently tuned between ultra‐wideband (UWB) and C‐band states of operation. A bandpass filter, based on rectangular stepped impedance stub loaded multiple‐mode resonator (MMR), is embedded to an elliptical monopole radiator to construct the filtenna circuit. The filtenna design approach leaves out the necessity of cascading an additional 50 Ω microstrip feed line in between the antenna and filter elements which makes the system more compact. The designed filtenna occupies 3.6–10.6 GHz band in its UWB state of operation and 3.63–4.70 GHz band in its C‐band state of operation, respectively. The UWB operating state is intended for spectrum sensing application whereas the C‐band operating state can be implemented for communication in a cognitive radio environment. The shifting between two operating states is controlled by appropriately switching the PIN diodes. An average peak gain of 2 dBi is observed within the passband. The overall size of the filtenna is optimised to 1.35λ0 × 0.96λ0 × 0.04λ0 (λ0 is calculated at 6.85 GHz). For validation purpose, the filtenna prototype is fabricated and characterised. A very close agreement is achieved with the suggested configuration.
Automatic extraction of Uyghur domain concepts based on multi‐feature for ontology extension
Authors: Yilahun Hankiz , Abdurahman Kudret , Imam Seyyare , Hamdulla Askar
Published: May 2020

In the internet age, as a conceptual model of knowledge organisation, ontology has become a research hotspot. Ontology extension achieves the purpose of expanding ontology by adding new concepts and discovering the relationships between concepts in the existing ontology. In order to improve the automation and accuracy of ontology concept extraction in the Uyghur language, here the authors propose a new method to automatically extract concepts from text collection. For the characteristics of the Uyghur domain ontology concept, the text preprocessing is performed first, then the inter‐word correlation of multi‐feature fusion is calculated, such as Mi, Cd and Ea, and finally, the domain terminology and concept are automatically extracted, according to the term frequency–inverse document frequency algorithm. Experiment results show that, in terms of precision and recall rate, the multi‐feature method proposed here represents an improvement over other methods. It also proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the authors’ method to extract the domain concept.
Reliability and power supply capability evaluation of active distribution networks with four‐terminal soft open points
Authors: Yan Feng , Chen Xiangyan , Tang Wensheng , Yan Ri , Wu Hao
Published: May 2020

Soft open points (SOPs) have the ability to regulate the power flow among their terminals in a continuous manner, which can solve the problems brought by the synergy of distribution networks and distributed generation, and improve the system reliability and power supply capability. To address the current lack of quantitative measurement on the effects of SOPs, the power supply capability evaluation method for active distribution networks (ADNs) with four‐terminal SOPs considering reliability is proposed. Firstly, the topology and configuration modes of four‐terminal SOPs are studied, and their control modes are investigated in normal operation and supply restoration conditions. Then, using the feeder partition method, the effects of four‐terminal SOPs on the power outage duration of different load areas after a fault are studied, and the reliability evaluation process for ADNs with four‐terminal SOPs is developed based on the quasi‐Monte Carlo method. Later, with reliability as the main constraint, the power supply capability evaluation model for ADNs with four‐terminal SOPs is established, and the solution algorithm is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the method proposed are verified through a case study.
OSIRIS-REx spectral analysis of (101955) Bennu by multivariate statistics
Authors: Barucci M. A. , Hasselmann P. H. , Praet A. , Fulchignoni M. , Deshapriya J. D. P. , Fornasier S. , Merlin F. , Clark B. E. , Simon A. A. , Hamilton V. E. , Emery J. P. , Howell E. S. , Brucato J. R. , Cloutis E. A. , Zou X. D. , Li J.-Y. , Michel P. , Ferrone S. , Poggiali G. , Reuter D. C. , DellaGiustina D. N. , Lauretta D. S.
Published: May 2020

Contact.The NASA New Frontiers asteroid sample return mission Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) has provided a large amount of data on the asteroid (101955) Bennu, including high-quality spectra obtained by the OSIRIS-REx Visible and InfraRed Spectrometer (OVIRS).

Aims.To better constrain the surface properties and compositional variations of Bennu, we studied the visible and near-infrared spectral behavior across the asteroid surface by means of a statistical analysis aiming to distinguish spectrally distinct groups, if present.

Methods.We applied theG-mode multivariate statistical analysis to the near-infrared OVIRS spectra to obtain an automatic statistical clustering at different confidence levels.

Results.The statistical analysis highlights spectral variations on the surface of Bennu. Five distinct spectral groups are identified at a 2σconfidence level. At a higher confidence level of 3σ, no grouping is observed.

Conclusions.The results at a 2σconfidence level distinguish a dominant spectral behavior group (group 1, background) and four small groups showing spectral slope variations, associated with areas with different surface properties. The background group contains most of the analyzed data, which implies a globally homogeneous surface at the spectral and spatial resolution of the data. The small groups with redder spectra are concentrated around the equatorial ridge and are associated with morphological surface features such as specific craters and boulders. No significant variation is detected in the band area or depth of the 2.74μm band, which is associated with hydrated phyllosilicate content. The spectral slope variations are interpreted as a consequence of different regolith particle sizes, and/or porosity, and/or space weathering, that is, the presence of more or less fresh material. The OSIRIS-REx mission primary sampling site, Nightingale, and a boulder known as the Roc, are redder than the background surface.
Les organisations professionnelles apicoles dans la région de Fès-Meknès au Maroc
Authors: Mohssine El Hassania , Bakhchou Salma , Odoux Jean-François
Published: May 2020

La filière apicole est largement soutenue par l’État au Maroc. La région de Fès-Meknès a choisi de positionner l’apiculture comme un levier de développement rural. À travers un recensement auprès des administrations concernées, puis d’enquêtes auprès de 44 organisations professionnelles apicoles, notre étude propose une approche s’inscrivant dans un diagnostic de filière régionale. Les données recueillies révèlent l’importance des coopératives dans les formes collectives de production apicole et l’implication de jeunes ruraux et de femmes dans les processus de décision. Les techniques apicoles sont hétérogènes, traduisant une adaptation des méthodes traditionnelles aux techniques modernes, mais avec certaines pratiques, notamment sanitaires, qui restent empiriques. La formation initiale des personnes est un atout aussi bien pour la structuration de la filière que du point de vue de la maîtrise du cheptel. Les ressources florales sont variées et continues au niveau de cette grande région, permettant d’imaginer des transhumances pour récolter des miels typiques dans le respect des potentiels disponibles. Peu équipés en matériel inox, les apiculteurs restent demandeurs en termes d’équipements de miellerie. La production modeste est largement écoulée au détail et le conditionnement reste à améliorer pour une bonne reconnaissance du produit. La participation des apiculteurs aux salons régionaux contribue favorablement à une image identitaire qui devra être cultivée.
Existence of optimal shapes under a uniform ball condition for geometric functionals involving boundary value problems
Authors: Dalphin Jérémy
Published: May 2020

In this article, we are interested in shape optimization problems where the functional is defined on the boundary of the domain, involving the geometry of the associated hypersurface (normal vector n, scalar mean curvature H) and the boundary values of the solution uΩ related to the Laplacian posed on the inner domain Ω enclosed by the shape. For this purpose, given ε > 0 and a large hold-all B ⊂ ℝn, n ≥ 2, we consider the class Oε(B) of admissible shapes Ω ⊂ B satisfying an ε-ball condition. The main contribution of this paper is to prove the existence of a minimizer in this class for problems of the form infΩ∈Oε(B) ∫ ∂Ωj[uΩ(x),∇uΩ(x),x,n(x),H(x)]dA(x). We assume the continuity of j in the set of variables, convexity in the last variable, and quadratic growth for the first two variables. Then, we give various applications such as existence results for the configuration of fluid membranes or vesicles, the optimization of wing profiles, and the inverse obstacle problem.
Preface: Educational Technology, Language and Technical Communication (ETLTC2020): Connecting the Dots
Authors: Roy Debopriyo
Published: May 2020

This preface is an attempt to highlight how ETLTC2020 took an interdisciplinary approach to understand different research topics in the fields of educational technology, language and technical communication, and special topics in computer science, biomedical engineering and smart cities. This was a forum to explore how these different topics have different objectives and goals but how the researchers could collaborate and network towards more interdisciplinary research in these different areas of applied linguistics. Importantly, this conference was also an opportunity for student-student collaboration preparing them with project management and intercultural communication skills for the future workplace.
Analyzing the Communicative Efficacy of a Soft CLIL Focused Project-based Language Learning EFL Course on Smart Homes
Authors: Roy Debopriyo , Kudry Peter , Naya Kagome
Published: May 2020

The rampant urbanization across the world is forcing city planners to be more innovative and creative with technology in how limited resources and amenities are used. Smart homes (SH) technology is one such use. Until now, this has not been a subject for study in the language curriculum, and more so, not as part of the EFL curriculum. This paper discussed a model project-based language learning (PBLL) coursework on SH offered as part of foreign language coursework in a computer science university in Japan in collaboration with a German technical university. This course is aimed at developing students’ ability for information comprehension, data analysis, note-taking, summarization, speaking, video design, technical presentations, and poster design, all in English. The paper is a case study on how to make such technical writing/communication courses interesting and engaging for students who see the technology side of a smart city design context but do not necessarily see through the human side of the urban design and usability. This paper is aimed at helping language practitioners offer language courses using a soft-CLIL model that focuses on design thinking, urban planning, language acquisition, and project management all as a package in the pedagogical design, as is often necessary for industrial projects. The idea is to help language practitioners offer coursework that has societal relevance and transfer skills in-built, and is just not focused on language elements in isolation, but develops project management and communication skills as well.
Ontologies and use case based planning of content delivery
Authors: Burkhardt Daniela , Clesle Stefanie
Published: May 2020

This papers objective was the development of an ontology-based Content Delivery Portal (CDP) in combination with use cases. The aim was to find out how to enrich content in general through an ontology and to investigate the added value of ontologies. In particular, it has been researched how content can be delivered in CDP via an ontological context. The focus of the research team was on the knowledge builder of the ontology system manufacturer i-views for modelling the ontology and embedding content. Furthermore, the research team planned a CDP and implemented the model in the CDP i-views content. To accomplish this, use cases for users in the context of smart homes were developed to derive which information users want and when and how to grant access to the desired content. The implementation in the CDP was fully based on the ontology which was developed over the course of the project. Although the research team presumes that part of the implementation could have been realised with metadata from a CMS, the ontology can be used to provide context information that goes beyond the metadata that is traditionally assigned to individual topics in a CMS.
Interdisciplinary Project Approach at the Analysis of Urban Happiness
Authors: García-Luna Romero Ana Cristina , Fleischer Alessa
Published: May 2020

The following paper illuminates the process of interdisciplinary teamwork alongside a real project at the University de Monterrey. Connecting the faculties of architecture and medicine as well as integrating participants of the University of Applied Sciences in Karlsruhe, Germany, the project is aiming to get a new view on the connection of urban happiness, architecture and corresponding systems and processes in the human body. It combines philosophical research to define the term urban happiness as well as practical analysis of the city of Monterrey resulting in different problem cases for citizens nowadays. These problems were then used to draw a line to similar systems and cases which can be found in the human body and to see, how the human bodies way of solving problems can help architecture and especially the development of smart cities in the future – because keeping a focus on the human side will be an important part of realizing smarter cities. The paper is also focusing on the process of teamwork itself. It shows the necessary steps from initiating the project to organizing teams and communication up to the process of communicating and displaying the acquired knowledge.