bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Provider Communication and Telepresence Enhance Veteran Satisfaction With Telestroke Consultations
Authors: Lyerly Michael , Selch Griffin , Martin Holly , LaPradd Michelle , Ofner Susan , Graham Glenn , Anderson Jane , Martini Sharyl , Williams Linda S.
Published: November 2020

Background and Purpose:

Telestroke has been demonstrated to be a cost-effective means to expand access to care and improve outcomes in stroke; however, information on patient perceptions of this system of care delivery are limited. This study seeks to examine patient feedback of a national telestroke system within the Veterans Health Administration.

Methods:

Patients who received a telestroke consultation were eligible for a phone interview 2 weeks later, including questions about technology quality, telepresence, and telestroke provider communication. Satisfaction scores ranged from 1 to 7 (higher=more satisfied) and for analyses were dichotomized as 6 to 7 indicating high satisfaction versus <6. Patient variables including stroke severity (measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) were obtained from study records. Generalized estimating equation models were used to determine what factors were associated with patient satisfaction.

Results:

Over 18 months, 186 interviews were completed, and 142 (76%) reported high satisfaction with telestroke. Patients with more severe stroke were less likely to recall the consultation. Factors significantly associated with patient satisfaction were higher ratings of the technology (
P
<0.0001), telepresence (
P
<0.0001), provider communication ratings (
P
<0.0001), and overall Veterans Affairs satisfaction (
P
=0.02). In the multivariate model, telepresence (odds ratio, 3.10 [95% CI, 1.81–5.31]) and provider ratings (odds ratio, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.20–4.68]) were independently associated with satisfaction. Veterans who were satisfied were more likely to recommend the technology (
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:

Provider qualities, including telepresence and provider ratings, were associated with overall Veteran satisfaction with the telestroke consultation. Technology quality may be necessary but not sufficient to impact patient experience. Training providers to improve telepresence could improve patient experience with telestroke consultation.
Abstract Neural Representations of Category Membership beyond Information Coding Stimulus or Response
Authors: Mok Robert M. , Love Bradley C.
Published: November 2020

For decades, researchers have debated whether mental representations are symbolic or grounded in sensory inputs and motor programs. Certainly, aspects of mental representations are grounded. However, does the brain also contain abstract concept representations that mediate between perception and action in a flexible manner not tied to the details of sensory inputs and motor programs? Such conceptual pointers would be useful when concepts remain constant despite changes in appearance and associated actions. We evaluated whether human participants acquire such representations using fMRI. Participants completed a probabilistic concept learning task in which sensory, motor, and category variables were not perfectly coupled or entirely independent, making it possible to observe evidence for abstract representations or purely grounded representations. To assess how the learned concept structure is represented in the brain, we examined brain regions implicated in flexible cognition (e.g., pFC and parietal cortex) that are most likely to encode an abstract representation removed from sensory–motor details. We also examined sensory–motor regions that might encode grounded sensory–motor-based representations tuned for categorization. Using a cognitive model to estimate participants' category rule and multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data, we found the left pFC and human middle temporal visual area (MT)/V5 coded for category in the absence of information coding for stimulus or response. Because category was based on the stimulus, finding an abstract representation of category was not inevitable. Our results suggest that certain brain areas support categorization behavior by constructing concept representations in a format akin to a symbol that differs from stimulus–motor codes.
An Important Step toward Understanding the Role of Body-based Cues on Human Spatial Memory for Large-Scale Environments
Authors: Huffman Derek J. , Ekstrom Arne D.
Published: November 2020

Moving our body through space is fundamental to human navigation; however, technical and physical limitations have hindered our ability to study the role of these body-based cues experimentally. We recently designed an experiment using novel immersive virtual-reality technology, which allowed us to tightly control the availability of body-based cues to determine how these cues influence human spatial memory [Huffman, D. J., & Ekstrom, A. D. A modality-independent network underlies the retrieval of large-scale spatial environments in the human brain. Neuron, 104, 611–622, 2019]. Our analysis of behavior and fMRI data revealed a similar pattern of results across a range of body-based cues conditions, thus suggesting that participants likely relied primarily on vision to form and retrieve abstract, holistic representations of the large-scale environments in our experiment. We ended our paper by discussing a number of caveats and future directions for research on the role of body-based cues in human spatial memory. Here, we reiterate and expand on this discussion, and we use a commentary in this issue by A. Steel, C. E. Robertson, and J. S. Taube (Current promises and limitations of combined virtual reality and functional magnetic resonance imaging research in humans: A commentary on Huffman and Ekstrom (2019). Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2020) as a helpful discussion point regarding some of the questions that we think will be the most interesting in the coming years. We highlight the exciting possibility of taking a more naturalistic approach to study the behavior, cognition, and neuroscience of navigation. Moreover, we share the hope that researchers who study navigation in humans and nonhuman animals will synergize to provide more rapid advancements in our understanding of cognition and the brain.
How Subjects and Possessors Can Obviate Phasehood
Authors: Huang Nick
Published: November 2020

Recent proposals on phases claim that locality restrictions are obviated when the subject of a clausal phase has certain syntactic or discourse properties, suggesting that phasehood is acquired over the course of a derivation. I evaluate these claims with acceptability judgment experiments and argue that these phase-related locality effects can be derived from independently motivated principles, such as Feature Inheritance/Value-Transfer Simultaneity or the Principle of Minimal Compliance. I further point out similar effects with possessors and nominals in English, expanding the empirical domain. The nominal data constitute a novel argument for treating nominals as phases and strengthen the case for a general theory of phases that can account for these effects.
The genus Hourangia in China and a description of Aureoboletus erythraeus sp. nov.

Authors: WANG YI , SU MING-SHENG , JIANG SHUAI , XUE ROU , WU LU-LING , XIE HUI-JING , ZHANG YU-ZHUO , LIANG ZHI-QUN , ZENG NIAN-KAI
Published: November 2020

The morphology and phylogenetic relationships of species of Hourangia (Boletaceae, Boletales) from China were investigated. Five phylogenetic species are recognized in the country; two of them, H. densisquamata and H. dilatata, are described as new; two of them, H. cheoi and H. nigropunctata, are previously described taxa, and the remaining one is not described due to the paucity of material. Besides specimens of Hourangia, collections of Aureoboletus were also made during field trips in China. The morphological and molecular data indicated that some collections labeled as A. cf. venustus or identified as A. venustus in previous studies represented a new species, therefore the new species A. erythraeus is described, and A. venustus is redescribed. A key to all known taxa of Hourangia is also provided.
Re-examination of the type materials of Navicula exilis and Navicula cryptocephala (Naviculaceae, Bacillariophyceae)

Authors: JÜTTNER INGRID , CHUDAEV DMITRY , KUSBER WOLF-HENNING
Published: November 2020

Type material of Navicula exilis and Navicula cryptocephala from the Kützing collection at the Natural History Museum, London, was re-investigated in light and electron microscopy. The morphology of these species was studied in detail using original materials and the nomenclature and previous studies of type material summarized. Navicula exilis is compared with Navicula cryptocephala, Navicula cryptocephala var. exilis, Navicula lothargeitleri and Navicula adversa.
Fuscoporia caymanensis sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetaceae), a new species from tropical America

Authors: VLASÁK JOSEF , KOUT JIŘÍ , CHEN QIAN , DAI YU-CHENG
Published: November 2020

Fuscoporia caymanensis sp. nov. is described from tropical America. It is characterized by perennial, extensive, resupinate to indistinctly effused-reflexed basidiomata; a very thin to almost absent subiculum; multi-layered tubes with a black line between each layer; a dimitic hyphal system with skeletal hyphae occasionally septate; absence of mycelial setae and cystidioles; abundant hymenial setae, 40–55 × 5–7 μm; urniform basidia, and cylindrical basidiospores 4.5–5 × 2–2.4 µm. It was found growing on fallen rotten angiosperm trunks in tropical America. Phylogenetically, it is related to Fuscoporia viticola and F. palomari, but the latter two species have longer basidiospores (7–9 × 1.5–2 µm in F. viticola and 8–10 × 2.7–3.5 μm in F. palomari), and occur in temperate regions.
First fossil pseudopsine rove beetle from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pseudopsinae)
Authors: LIU YUCHU , TIHELKA ERIK , TIAN LI , HUANG DIYING , CAI CHENYANG
Published: November 2020

Pseudopsinae represented by four genera with just over 50 species in the Recent fauna represent one of the smallest subfamilies of the megadiverse family Staphylinidae. Here we describe the first fossil member of the subfamily Pseudopsinae. Cretopseudopsis maweii gen. et sp. nov. preserved in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (ca. 99 Ma) is distinguished from extant pseudopsine genera by head not carinate, apical maxillary palpomere only slightly narrower than penultimate segment, subocular carinae absent, temples short, pronotal lateral margin smoothly rounded, and mesocoxae separated by an elongate process of the mesoventrite. Our discovery of Cretopseudopsis gen. et sp. nov. provides evidence that the subfamily Pseudopsinae originated by the Albian–Cenomanian and suggests a Gondwanan distribution of the group in the Cretaceous.
Plant Health Detection Using Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Dhar Suvam , Unhale Shreyas Pradeep
Published: November 2020

When the various crops and plants grown in a country, which include both agricultural and horticultural produce are infested by pests or suffers from various different forms from diseases due to deficiency of various minerals and nutrients, the process of identifying and analyzing is
been done by the farmer or the concerned person manually through the naked eye and from the limited knowledge. This makes it very difficult to specifically and correctly diagnose the root of the infestation or disease. To remove this problem of human inefficiency in identifying the problem
and making a correct diagnosis, this idea has been formulated. Here, the system uses the capacity of the CNN and its database to accurately identify the problem and also provide the necessary remedy for it. The system here, takes the picture of the leaf of the plant to be studied and breaks
the image down into the smallest pixels using the CNN technology and then use the data present in its database to identify the specific causes of the problem and then narrows them down as per the similarities it finds with the database. This process here, ensures that the slightest signs of
any problem doesn’t slip the system, which is practically impossible for a normal human eye to do. The accuracy rate of the model in itself speaks volumes about its capacity and usage in the real world. It ensures that all the various research that have been done by various biologists
are brought within the reach of a common user, who using this process can actually get to save a large part of his income, upon which his entire family is dependent upon and also ensure better quality of plantation.
An Intelligent Location Prediction System for Wind Farms Using Belief Networks
Authors: Sardar Maran P. , Ashokkumar K. , Refonaa J. , Shabu Jany , Jesudoss A. , Lakshmanan L.
Published: November 2020

An energy crisis is a major problem India is facing today. Alternative energy sources are very important today to overcome the impact of rising oil prices. The main alternative energy source is the power from wind energy sources having 10% in India’s total energy consumption.
The wind farm location planning to achieve the best energy output generation is in need of a finding solution. In this article, together with the belief network, a challenge is made exactly to prospects the energy from wind resources with and applied a statistical approach. Soft Computing
techniques play a major role in the research applications especially in the multi-disciplinary areas. According to the technological development various soft computing techniques can be used in many areas to analyze the problem including Artificial Neural Network, Fuzzy logic, Adaptive Neuro
and machine language. In this study the potential location of wind energy is identified by the belief neural network technique. The basic concept of Bayesian uncertainty treatment is that this analysis analyzes the conditional probability of occurrence. In addition, a particular region’s
ecological parameters and environmental issues are also important. The ecological parameters and environmental factors also involved in the wind velocity of a particular region.
Sign Board Recognition Based on Convolutional Neural Network Using Yolo-3
Authors: Chowdary V. Sravan , Teja G. Penchala Sai , Mounesh D. , Manideep G. , Manimegalai C. T.
Published: November 2020

Road injuries are a big drawback in society for a few time currently. Ignoring sign boards while moving on roads has significantly become a major cause for road accidents. Thus we came up with an approach to face this issue by detecting the sign board and recognition of sign board.
At this moment there are several deep learning models for object detection using totally different algorithms like RCNN, faster RCNN, SPP-net, etc. We prefer to use Yolo-3, which improves the speed and precision of object detection. This algorithm will increase the accuracy by utilizing residual
units, skip connections and up-sampling. This algorithm uses a framework named Dark-net. This framework is intended specifically to create the neural network for training the Yolo algorithm. To thoroughly detect the sign board, we used this algorithm.
Rainfall Prediction Model with Sea Surface Temperature Using Soft Computing Techniques
Authors: Refonaa J. , Lakshmi M.
Published: November 2020

India’s socio-economic growth is adversely affected by severe flood and droughts in the meteorological phenomena. Therefore, rainfall forecasting is extremely needed for agriculture and to the society for survival. There are many methods and techniques with weather parameters
were available to predict and forecast the rainfall. This study focuses beyond that with most important parameter such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST). This parameter will act as a main role in the prediction of rainfall. This research paper exclusively utilise the soft computing techniques
such as neural network and machine learning to predict rainfall in the bay of Bengal area during north east monsoon period. The predictions were made using the training input (2011–2015) of various time series SST data were India Meteorological department (IMD), Chennai. The testing
models by regression, neural network and machine learning utilise the data from 2014–2018. The capacity of the data set was analysed and reduced the dimensionality to improve the predictive values. The neural network and the machine learning techniques ensemble to get more reliable result
and minimise the error scores. In this research work the sea surface temperature inconsistencies to be used as a main indicator to predict the rainfall in the region.
Vehicle Speed Controlled by Using Geo Fencing
Authors: Reddy G. Rama Mohan , Bharathi Nadhella , Gayathri Muppavarapu
Published: November 2020

Now a days accidents are taking place at crowded areas due to high speed of vehicles. This system aims at controlling the speed of the vehicle in sensitive zones such as schools, colleges, hospitals for avoiding accidents by creating a geo fencing. Vehicle is detected using Wi-Fi module
and the geo fencing calculate the speed of vehicle and reduce it. Due to this we can control the rate of accidents. It results in speed control of vehicles.
Self-Regulating Crop Selector for Improved Production Using Big Data
Authors: Prasad K. Mohana , Prakash M. Surya
Published: November 2020

The ever-increasing market for agricultural produce comes and the human population rising. But, when the planet is undergoing climate change, environmental changes also threaten many crops. This research uses Smart Agriculture IoT to track environmental conditions at a farm. The data
obtained were analyzed in 3D clusters to provide an environmental overview. The suggested system has the following characteristics: 1. data normalization is accomplished by integrating average and median variance shifts 2. 3D cluster analysis was applied to assess the relationship between
environmental variables and then investigate the thumb rules kept by farmers; 3. the method decides whether a chosen crop was put in the correct cluster; and 4. We placed IoT equipment for Intelligent Agriculture in the field for supervising functions and carried out an actual scenario review.
Experimental Study on Use of Plastic Electronics Wastes in Pavement Blocks
Authors: Hariharasudhan C. , Breetha Y. J. , Kumar E. Palani , Abirami S.
Published: November 2020

Plastic waste is one of the topmost threats the world is facing today. Blanket ban one use of plastics to is quite difficult to implement considering the lifestyle of humanity. One of the novel ways of disposing of plastic e wastes, by using it constructively. To give a quick fix for
plastic e-wastes, re-habitation method which investigated and enforced as a recovering product from Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) as pavement block which is done by liquifying ABS material under safe surrounding with the addition of glass powder at molten stage increasing engraving
it in pavement mould. After the process of plastering surface and rapid cooling of ABS results in pavement block. The compressive strength test and Chemical test conducted to find out the suitability of pavement blocks.
Design and Performance Analysis of Multi-Leaf Spring Using Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic-Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Raguraman D. , Dhanalakshmi B. , Dhinakaran V. , Ravinder R.
Published: November 2020

Car segments have an expanding rivalry in the market and it will in general create development in the current items by either succeed with another or altered propelled material items. A suspension framework is one of the most intriguing push territories on vehicle structure. This task
effort is worried about the plan and investigation of mechanical portrayal of leaf springs that are in effect despite everything utilized generally in cars as suspension segments. Car makers have the due significance on enhancement for the mileage of the vehicle which thusly on a structure
perspective the weight decrease is the most concerned one. There by the strength-weight proportion idea has been created and composite material is executed. The utilization of composite leaf spring rather than ordinary steel leaf spring is favored for the examination due to its high solidarity
to weight proportion. It is made convincing to decrease the weight of the leaf spring without relinquishing the solidness and burden conveying limit of the spring by the usage of composite materials. The target of this task work is the plan and examination of the exhibition qualities of Glass
Fiber Reinforced plastic (GFRP) with iron powder as a composite leaf spring and correlation with traditional leaf spring. The composite example is created utilizing hand layup technique. Exploratory work have been completed an all Universal Testing Machine for the composite and ordinary steel
leaf spring and approved with the ANSYS investigation. The investigation results are connected so near test.
Blockchain-Based E-Health Sharing and Management via Mobile Application
Authors: Fiorenza Caroline El , Ramesh Gayathri , Sankar Sri Gayathri , Mishra Surya
Published: November 2020

Information of any form is a valuable asset, and therefore its protection is one of the most important factors in order to avoid and combat misuse of such information. Consequently, personal health information is considered to be a vital resource. Personal health information are in
the form of electronic health records (EHRs) and personal health records (PHRs). Therefore, applying the functionalities of blockchain can help protect the patient’s EHR, PHR and provide permission to access the patient’s information. Blockchain can provide improved data protection
through the provision of a decentralized, distributed public record. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines healthcare to be one of the fundamental and basic human rights (World Health Organization (WHO): https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/fundamental-human-right/en/).
It states that “the right to health for all people means that everyone should have access to the health services they need, when and where they need them, without suffering financial hardship.” However, it has been reported there has been a rise in deaths due to human error, inadequate
patient details and inaccurate medical information. These calamities can be reduced through ensuring that the patient’s medical data are organized and protected such that it is available whenever required. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide the functionalities of blockchain
using R3 Corda to protect the patient’s personal health information by providing the patient authorization to manage who can access their health records and accordingly provide permission based on the patient’s discretion.
A Proposed Model for Predicting Employees’ Performance Using Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Felix A. Yovan , Vuyyuru Karthik Reddy , Puli Viswas
Published: November 2020

Human Resource Management has gotten one of the basic pastimes of supervisors and chiefs in practically wide variety of corporations to include plans for accurately locating profoundly qualified representatives. In similar way, administrations come to be intrigued about the presentation
of these representatives. Particularly to guarantee the fitting person apportioned to the beneficial employment on the opportune time. From right here the enthusiasm of statistics in mining process has been growing that its goal is disclosure of facts from huge measures of statistics. Three
fundamental Data Mining strategies were applied for building the arrangement version and distinguishing the quality factors that emphatically impact the exhibition. To get a profoundly actual version, a few trials were achieved dependent on the beyond procedures which can be actualized in
WEKA tool for empowering leaders and Human Resource professionals to anticipate and improve the exhibition of their representatives. This paper makes use of Hadoop for the remedy of great measure of data with which may be guaranteed to be able to decide the impact.
Differences between Severe and Nonsevere Warm-Season, Nocturnal Bow Echo Environments
Authors: Mauri Ezio L. , Gallus William A.
Published: November 2020

Nocturnal bow echoes can produce wind damage, even in situations where elevated convection occurs. Accurate forecasts of wind potential tend to be more challenging for operational forecasters than for daytime bows because of incomplete understanding of how elevated convection interacts with the stable boundary layer. The present study compares the differences in warm-season, nocturnal bow echo environments in which high intensity [>70 kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1)] severe winds (HS), low intensity (50–55 kt) severe winds (LS), and nonsevere winds (NS) occurred. Using a sample of 132 events from 2010 to 2018, 43 forecast parameters from the SPC mesoanalysis system were examined over a 120 km × 120 km region centered on the strongest storm report or most pronounced bowing convective segment. Severe composite parameters are found to be among the best discriminators between all severity types, especially derecho composite parameter (DCP) and significant tornado parameter (STP). Shear parameters are significant discriminators only between severe and nonsevere cases, while convective available potential energy (CAPE) parameters are significant discriminators only between HS and LS/NS bow echoes. Convective inhibition (CIN) is among the worst discriminators for all severity types. The parameters providing the most predictive skill for HS bow echoes are STP and most unstable CAPE, and for LS bow echoes these are the V wind component at best CAPE (VMXP) level, STP, and the supercell composite parameter. Combinations of two parameters are shown to improve forecasting skill further, with the combination of surface-based CAPE and 0–6-km U shear component, and DCP and VMXP, providing the most skillful HS and LS forecasts, respectively.
Meta Governance of Path Dependencies: Regulation, Welfare, and Markets
Authors: Braithwaite John
Published: November 2020

Regulation, welfare, and markets grow interdependently, shaping, reinforcing, and supporting each other: markets allow for the expansion of welfare states, and welfare states create demand for regulatory state services that help to solve perceived welfare problems. Crises can drive this path dependency because they create opportunities for growth in markets, regulation, and welfare institutions. The momentum toward interdependent risk of ecological crises, economic crises, and security crises is formidable, but regulatory-welfare-market path dependencies might be mustered to counter it. This article proposes a meta governance of path dependence, emphasizing multiple interactions in the regulation-welfare-market system and suggesting that meta governance can steer path-dependent regulation, welfare, and markets in the governance of crises. I discuss whether patterns of path dependence explain why regulation, welfare, and markets interdependently persist and grow.
The Political Economy of Regulating for Welfare: Regulation Preventing Loss of Access to Basic Services in the UK, Sweden, the EU, and Israel
Authors: Haber Hanan
Published: November 2020

What does the state do to prevent consumers from losing access to basic services in the market due to financial hardship, and under what conditions will this occur? Bringing together the literature on regulatory governance and the welfare state, this article compares regulatory regimes that prevent loss of access to services in the UK, Sweden, and Israel in housing credit, electricity, and water, as well as to the electricity and housing credit sectors in the EU, from the early 1990s to the 2010s. The article finds that regulation to address this issue was introduced in all but the Swedish cases. This highlights the significance of the welfare state context in addressing these issues through regulation, as more residual welfare regimes are associated with more social protection through regulation.
Views from Below: Inspectors’ Coping with Hybrid Accountabilities
Authors: Klenk Tanja
Published: November 2020

Regulation of long-term care service provision is a case of hybrid accountabilities. How do inspectors who are responsible for the implementation of regulations handle the uncertainties arising from hybrid accountabilities? While the prevailing scholarly consensus is that hybridity creates tensions that have a negative impact on the quality of regulation, this article shows that different accountabilities can reinforce each other. However, situations in which inspectors can develop a positive stance toward hybridity and integrate competing logics are rare. Hybrid professionalism among inspectors requires training, education, and resources as well as a joint regulatory culture with inspectees—preconditions that are hardly present in recent institutional settings of long-term care regulation.
Politics, Markets, and Modes of Contract Governance: Regulating Social Services in Shanghai and Chongqing, China
Authors: Li Wei , Yang Bao
Published: November 2020

Inspired by the concept of the regulatory welfare state, this article identifies four primary modes of governance in regulating contract processes and contract implementation (market-based, hierarchical, professional, and relational), and compares contract governance modes in Shanghai and Chongqing. We find that the governments in these two localities prioritize and integrate the hierarchical and relational modes, relying less on the market-based and professional modes of governance. The emphasis on the hierarchical-relational mode advances the values and mechanisms of trust, adaptation, and alignment with top-down priorities, but may hinder public and legal accountability. We argue that the dynamics of political context and market condition affect the formation and effectiveness of hybrid modes of contract governance, and we advise that regulators in different countries should factor in such dynamics when designing contract governance modes in the regulation of social services.
Changing Expectations? The Change in the Role of the Welfare Ministry in the Regulation of Personal Social Services
Authors: Lahat Lihi
Published: November 2020

Many welfare states have increased their regulatory role, but little attention has been given to historical changes in the regulatory role of government ministries. This study embraces a mezzo perspective and explores the regulatory role of the Welfare Ministry of Israel in the field of personal social services, asking the following questions: 1) What are the changes in regulatory expectations versus practices over the last five decades? and 2) How can we explain these changes and their outcomes? The study is based on the qualitative analysis of comptroller reports and other resources. It reveals a growing gap between society’s expectations of the Ministry as a regulator and the Ministry’s capacities over five decades. Notably, it points to the variety of regulatory spaces that have appeared in a regulatory welfare state. The Israeli case is relevant for other countries that have experienced processes of outsourcing and privatization in the welfare state and whose ministries had to change their role.
Is Service Quality a Driver of the Regulatory Welfare State? Policies for Health Services in Germany and France
Authors: Reiter Renate
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the design and development of health services in Germany and France—two countries with similar welfare states but with striking differences in their national regulatory styles. Using these comparative cases, I show how the interplay of long-term institutional factors and short-term political factors shaped the establishment and development of these regulatory welfare states’ (RWS) social services. Specifically, I argue that the discovery of service quality in the 1990s had the potential to accelerate RWS development. In Germany, characterized by a corporatist state tradition and a cooperative regulatory style, the political debate on quality (either as a parameter of competition or as a concept for the professional consolidation of service production) had a greater influence on the design of the national quality regulation system (goals, instruments, processes, institutions) than in France, which is characterized by a state-centered Napoleonic tradition and a directive regulatory style.
The Rise of the Regulatory Constitutional Welfare State, Publicization, and Constitutional Social Rights: The Case of Israel and Britain
Authors: Litor Lilach , Menahem Gila , Bar-Mor Hadara
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the mechanisms that courts apply to expose private social service suppliers to constitutional duties. In doing so, we suggest two variants of welfare regimes: the regulatory constitutional welfare state and the regulatory constitutional neoliberal welfare state. We outline how constitutional rights, including social rights, are applied to private entities, and the tests that courts use in doing so. We then analyze the transformation of traditional jurisprudence in Israel since the 1990s, and we discuss developments in British jurisprudence, which embraces a neoliberal approach. We end with an analysis of the differences between British and Israeli jurisprudence to highlight our theoretical framework’s contribution to comparative research.
Indirect and Invisible Regulations Set in Stone: A Driving Force behind the Rise of Private Health Insurance in Sweden
Authors: Lapidus John
Published: November 2020

The Swedish welfare model is gradually losing its former characteristics. Notable is the extensive privatization of provision and the emerging privatization of funding, primarily through new and half-private services in health care, education, and elderly care. The clearest example of this trend is the rise of private health insurance, which is now signed by every tenth person of working age. This article points out different types of regulations that have provoked the rise of private health insurance, and discusses types of regulations that could potentially slow privatization. Further, this article analyzes three official welfare investigation reports. These reports avoid the decisive regulations they are supposed to discuss, and sometimes go against directives to do so. I argue that regulations for private health insurance have occurred without much debate, while every potential regulation against private health insurance is very much disputed by industry interests and many of the political parties.
The Logics of Hybrid Accountability: When the State, the Market, and Professionalism Interact
Authors: Benish Avishai
Published: November 2020

The delivery of public services increasingly operates under hybrid accountability regimes, but we have much to learn about how these regimes interrelate. I develop a framework for systematic analysis of hybrid public, market, and professional accountability arrangements, looking at the compatibility of their content, steering mechanisms, and relationships. The analysis is informed and illustrated by empirical studies on accountability in welfare state services, which offer evidence on hybrid accountability arrangements. The article concludes by discussing the interplay between accountability regimes and the conditions in which they undermine or reinforce each other. I argue that compatibility between regimes depends on the content of accountability rather than on the accountability mechanisms, and I highlight the importance of the trust between the parties entering into accountability relations and the proximity of their institutional logics.
A less perfect captain: Reconsidering Goffredo in the Gerusalemme Liberata
Authors: Moudarres Andrea
Published: November 2020

This article seeks to problematize our understanding of Tasso’s depiction of Goffredo in the Gerusalemme Liberata. I do so by considering how Tasso revised three passages of the Gottifredo—his poem’s original title—in response to his censors’ recommendations: specifically, I discuss Goffredo’s failed attempt to win Sveno’s sword (omitted from canto 8 of the Liberata), and then turn to the Christian captain’s reactions to Armida’s seduction of his men in canto 4 and to Rinaldo’s killing of the fellow crusader Gernando in canto 5. I argue that, particularly as his character was initially delineated in the Gottifredo, the Christian captain is neither a monolithic embodiment of virtue nor a personification of Tasso’s supposed authoritarianism. Goffredo is, instead, the complex persona of a political and military leader who reveals the flaws buried beneath an apparently impermeable surface.
Heat transfer enhancement of wall with a near wall cylinder in a channel at low and middle Reynolds number ranges
Authors: Xu Hui , Cai Yixi , Xi Guannan
Published: November 2020

This paper investigated the flow performance around a near-wall cylinder and its effect on heat transfer enhancement in the laminar and early transitional flow region. The numerical model is resolved by finite volume method through FORTRAN code. The results show that the flow field becomes a transitional flow state when Re = 100 due to the insertion of a cylinder. In the transitional flow sate, the heat transfer enhancement is regional, mainly concentrating in the region of –2 ≤ x/D≤ 10, and the region increases with the increase of Re; There are three or four peaks in the distribution of instantaneous local Nusselt number. The first peak is caused by the acceleration of the fluid between the cylinder and the bottom wall. The other peaks are caused by the interaction between the cylinder wake and the bottom wall boundary layer. The vortical structure induced by the periodic instability of the fluid in the transitional flow is the main factor for explaining the local heat transfer enhancement of the cylinder downstream wall. Re has a direct impact on the vortical structure in the flow field. The greater Re, the greater the heat transfer enhancement of the cylinder downstream wall. Under the same blocking ratio of D/H, the greater Re, the smaller the optimal clearance ratio of C/D. The guidelines are suggested for the design on heat dissipation of electronic equipment.
Popping the Positive Illusion of Financial Responsibility Can Increase Personal Savings: Applications in Emerging and Western Markets
Authors: Garbinsky Emily N. , Mead Nicole L. , Gregg Daniel
Published: November 2020

People around the world are not saving enough money. The authors propose that one reason people undersave is because they hold the positive illusion of being financially responsible. If this conjecture is correct, then deflating this inflated self-view may increase saving, as people should become motivated to restore perceptions of financial responsibility. After establishing that people do hold the illusion of financial responsibility, the authors developed an intervention that combats this self-enhancing bias by triggering people to recognize their frequent engagement in superfluous spending. This superfluous-spender intervention increased saving by enhancing people’s motivation to restore their diminished perceptions of financial responsibility. Consistent with theorizing, the intervention increased saving only when superfluous spending was under one’s control and among those who were motivated to perceive themselves as financially responsible. In addition to increasing saving in Western countries, the superfluous-spender intervention increased saving of earned income and a financial windfall over time among chronically poor coffee growers in rural Uganda. Collectively, this work shows that people view their financial responsibility through rose-colored glasses, which can undermine their financial well-being. It also endows stakeholders with a simple, practical, and inexpensive intervention that offsets this bias to increase personal savings.
Investigating the Academic Performance and Disciplinary Consequences of School District Internet Access Spending
Authors: Chen Yixing , Mittal Vikas , Sridhar Shrihari (Hari)
Published: November 2020

Public school districts not only make strategic investments in internet access as a means to attract and retain students but also communicate the value of these investments with parents as part of their marketing programs. While it helps attract more customers, how does school district internet access spending (SDIAS) affect academic performance and disciplinary problems among students? Using a longitudinal data set that combines SDIAS of 1,243 school districts with academic performance and disciplinary records of more than 9,000 Texas public schools between 2000 and 2014, the authors find that a one-standard-deviation increase in SDIAS (an average increase of $.6 million) is associated with an improvement in eight academic performance indicators, with effect sizes ranging from 2% to 5% of a standard deviation, amounting to a $.8 million to $1.8 million increase in cumulative income for the current students of a school district. Furthermore, a one-standard-deviation increase in SDIAS is associated with a 5% increase in Part II offense–related school disciplinary problems, amounting to a yearly cost of $25,800 to $53,440 for a school district. The positive and negative consequences of SDIAS are more pronounced among schools in regions with a higher level of household internet access.
The Editor’s Note: The economics of talent development
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: November 2020

Gifted education programs have left out students from marginalized backgrounds, but not for any educationally sound reason. More often, they get left out because spots in these programs are limited, and families with resources are able to fight to secure those spots for their kids, Rafael Heller explains. As the authors in this issue of Kappan suggest, it would be far better to expand the opportunities available.
A Look Back: Purposes and plans for gifted education in Kappan
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: November 2020

In this monthly column, Kappan managing editor Teresa Preston explores how the magazine has covered current issues in the past. This column looks at how authors have discussed the best ways to educate the most advanced students. Ensuring that students are appropriately challenged at school has interested Kappan authors since as far back as the 1940s. Programs have had the goal of improving students’ abilities, helping them with social challenges, and building a better workforce. Although some have decried these programs for elitism, educators have long sought ways to expand the definition of giftedness to bring in more students.
The evidence base for advanced learning programs
Authors: Plucker Jonathan A. , Callahan Carolyn M.
Published: November 2020

There is substantial evidence on the effectiveness of many forms of advanced education, especially various approaches to acceleration, ability grouping, and curricular innovations such as structured curriculum and enrichment. Nonetheless, additional research on the ways in which advanced education impacts the learning and lives of students across the variables of class, race, ethnicity, and gender is still needed, as it is for most educational interventions. Jonathan Plucker and Carolyn Callahan share the evidence base for several popular strategies and describe what evidence is still needed.
How talented low-income kids are left behind
Authors: Wai Jonathan , Worrell Frank C.
Published: November 2020

Finding and developing talented youth from low-income backgrounds is an ongoing challenge for U.S. gifted education policy. These students face strong headwinds, whereas advantaged students enjoy favorable tailwinds, and these factors accumulate throughout K-12, higher education, and beyond. Jonathan Wai and Frank C. Worrell explain how talented low income kids are left behind. They discuss the historical tension between the development of excellence and the pursuit of equity, explain the importance of early and universal talent identification and development in the critical K-12 years, and link that development to students’ personal success and societal growth.
It takes a village: How counselors and psychologists support the college aspirations of students of color
Authors: Vega Desireé , Puff Alaina M.
Published: November 2020

When debating how best to support the college aspirations of students of color, education reformers tend to zero in on efforts to improve teacher quality. However, recent research on the factors that promote college-going among Black and Latinx students point to the key roles played by many of the adults in their lives, including not only teachers but also family members, school counselors, and school psychologists.
First Person: Secondary traumatic stress: One teacher’s experience
Authors: Rankin Beth A.
Published: November 2020

Beth Rankin’s five years as a teacher were spent in an overcrowded elementary school filled with students who were experiencing a variety of traumas. Over time, as she learned more about her students’ lives, Rankin began to suffer from symptoms of secondary traumatic stress (STS), also known as compassion fatigue. STS is common among those in the helping professions who must help others manage trauma. Rankin shares her experiences with STS, how it led to her leaving the classroom, and why she believes it’s important to know about STS.
Washington View: Leadership in a tumultuous year
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic made 2020 an especially chaotic year for education leaders who were already facing pressure on multiple fronts. Maria Ferguson speaks with Michael Hanson, former superintendent of Fresno Unified in California and now an executive coach for districts across the U.S., about how education leaders are weathering the crisis.
Career Confidential: Teacher upset about cyberbullying
Authors: Fagell Phyllis L.
Published: November 2020

In this monthly advice column, Phyllis Fagell answers questions from teachers who are trying to manage on-camera activity during remote teaching. One teacher wants to know how to respond when a student posts an embarrassing screenshot of a classmate on social media. Another teacher is having a hard time connecting with the class when most students keep their cameras off.
Backtalk: This spring, test only to assess
Authors: Wiener Ross
Published: November 2020

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues into the 2020-21 school year, education leaders will have to make decisions about whether and how to conduct end-of-year assessments. Some have called to eliminate them altogether for the current school year, but that would be a mistake, argues Ross Wiener, of the Aspen Institute. Instead, educators and policy makers should offer assessments that are adapted for various learning scenarios (in person, remote, hybrid) without using the results for accountability decisions. At the same time, though, districts should collect data on, and hold schools accountable for, the extent to which they provide equitable opportunities for all students to learn during these difficult times.
Bookshelf: Kappan authors on their favorite reads
Authors: Kolluri Suneal
Published: November 2020

In this monthly column, Kappan authors discuss books and articles that have informed their views on education. Suneal Kolluri recommends In Search of Deeper Learning by Jal Mehta and Sarah Fine. Kim Marshall recommends Fifteen Thousand Hours by Michael Rutter, Barbara Maughan, Peter Mortimore, and Janet Ouston. And Jonathan Plucker recommends The Nature of Creativity edited by Robert Sternberg.