bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards epistemic justice doing: Examining the experiences and shifts in knowledge of lived experience researchers over the course of a mental health research training programme
Authors: Bellingham Brett , Kemp Holly , Boydell Katherine , Isobel Sophie , Gill Katherine , River Jo
Published: July 2021

Participation of people with lived experience (LE) in mental health research is vital for improving the quality and relevance of research priorities, outcomes, and knowledge translation. Inclusion of people with LE is also recognized as central for achieving health service reform including commitments to human rights, social, and epistemic justice. Although a lack of research training is cited as a barrier to LE participation, few studies have examined the value of training for, or the specific requirements of, people with LE. This study seeks to address this gap. It reports on a longitudinal, qualitative study examining shifts in experience and knowledge, and unmet needs, of people with LE over the course of a coproduced research training programme. Findings indicate that the programme enabled participants to understand the role, value, and levels of LE participation in research. Participants also stressed the importance of the ‘embodied lived expertise’ of LE researchers who co‐delivered the training programme. Nonetheless, participants indicated that they felt unprepared for the challenges of working in systems where LE knowledge is subordinated, and experiences of being silenced and powerless could mirror those previously experienced in mental health services and the community. Participants indicated a need for training that provided them with the epistemic resources to render such experiences intelligible. Findings also indicate that training in participatory research is required for conventional mental health researchers, to support them to navigate power asymmetries and value LE knowledge contributions.
Optimal blood pressure for patients with end‐stage renal disease following coronary interventions
Authors: Yang Ya‐Ling , Chen Su‐Chan , Wu Cheng‐Hsueh , Huang Shao‐Sung , Chan Wan Leong , Lin Shing‐Jong , Chou Chia‐Yu , Chen Jaw‐Wen , Ju‐Pin Pan , Charng Min‐Ji , Chen Ying‐Hwa , Wu Tao‐Cheng , Lu Tse‐Min , Hsu Pai‐Feng , Huang Po‐Hsun , Cheng Hao‐Min , Huang Chin‐Chou , Sung Shih‐Hsien , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Leu Hsin‐Bang
Published: July 2021

Hypertension is a frequent manifestation of chronic kidney disease but the ideal blood pressure (BP) target in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) (eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73m2) still unclear. The authors aimed to investigate the ideal achieved BP in ESRD patients with CAD after coronary intervention. Five hundred and seventy‐five ESRD patients who had undergone percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) were enrolled and their clinical outcomes were analyzed according to the category of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) achieved. The clinical outcomes included major cardiovascular events (MACE) and MACE plus hospitalization for congestive heart failure (total cardiovascular (CV) event).The mean systolic BP was 135.0 ± 24.7 mm Hg and the mean diastolic BP was 70.7 ± 13.1 mm Hg. Systolic BP 140–149 mm Hg and diastolic BP 80–89 mm Hg had the lowest MACE (11.0%; 13.2%) and total CV event (23.3%; 21.1%). Patients with systolic BP < 120 mm Hg had a higher risk of MACE (HR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.17–3.46, p = .008) than those with systolic BP 140–149 mm Hg. Patients with systolic BP ≥ 160 mm Hg (HR: 1.84; 95% CI, 3.27–1.04, p = .04) and diastolic blood BP ≥ 90 mm Hg (HR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.15–4.16, p = .02) had a higher risk of total CV event rate when compared to those with systolic BP 140–149 mm Hg and diastolic BP 80–89 mm Hg. A J‐shaped association between systolic (140–149 mm Hg) and diastolic (80–89 mm Hg) BP and decreased cardiovascular events for CAD was found in patients with ESRD after undergoing PCI in non‐Western population.
Association of RDM1 with osteosarcoma progression via cell cycle and MEK/ERK signalling pathway regulation
Authors: Sheng Jun , Liu Kun , Sun Dawei , Nie Piming , Mu Zhiping , Chen Hui , Zhang Zhengfeng
Published: July 2021

RAD52 motif‐containing 1 (RDM1), a key regulator of DNA double‐strand break repair and recombination, has been reported to play an important role in the development of various human cancers, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, neuroblastoma and lung cancer. However, the effect of RDM1 on osteosarcoma (OS) progression remains unclear. Here, this study mainly explored the connection between RDM1 and OS progression, as well as the underlying mechanism. It was found that RDM1 was highly expressed in OS cells compared with human osteoblast cells. Knockdown of RDM1 caused OS cell proliferation inhibition, cell apoptosis promotion and cell cycle arrest at G1 stage, whereas RDM1 overexpression resulted in the opposite phenotypes. Furthermore, RDM1 silencing leads to a significant decrease in tumour growth in xenograft mouse model. RDM1 also increased the protein levels of MEK 1/2 and ERK 1/2. All these findings suggest that RDM1 plays an oncogenic role in OS via stimulating cell cycle transition from G1 to S stage, and regulating MEK/ERK signalling pathway, providing a promising therapeutic factor for the treatment of OS.
Risk Sharing in the EMU: A Time‐Varying Perspective
Authors: Foresti Pasquale , Napolitano Oreste
Published: July 2021

The development of effective risk sharing mechanisms is one of the main passages for the success and longevity of a monetary union. In this paper, we study risk sharing, measured as income and consumption smoothing, in the EMU. As we employ time‐varying estimations, we are able to retrieve time patterns of risk sharing for each member country and to compare them with the degree of economic asymmetry within the EMU. Other than documenting the need for stronger risk sharing mechanisms in the EMU, our results also suggest that much more attention should be dedicated to fostering homogeneity in risk sharing across member countries. We document the existence of increasing heterogeneity in the risk sharing capacity between member countries that can potentially exacerbate and amplify the impact of asymmetric shocks and further destabilize the EMU.
Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Position statement of the Brazilian expert group GREMCIQ
Authors: Oliveira G.V. , Metsavaht L.D. , Kadunc B.V , Jedwab S.K.K. , Bressan M.S. , Stolf H.O. , Castro R.G. , Bezerra S.M.F.M.C. , Calil D.A. , Addor F.A.Z. , Fraga J.C.S. , Reis C.M.S. , Reis‐Filho E. , Silva M.R. , Ramos‐e‐Silva M. , Hexsel D.M.
Published: July 2021

Keloids (K) and hypertrophic scars (HS) are abnormal responses to wound healing that occur as the result of dermal inflammation. Despite the advances on their treatment, many patients still suffer from the negative effects of excessive scarring; its approach is impaired by the lack of objective data on different treatments and the large genetic variability among patients and the difficulties in producing multicentre studies. Their incidence among the Brazilian population is high, as the result of an admixture of Amerindians, Europeans and Africans ancestral roots. With the aim of producing multicentre studies on K and HS, a panel of senior Brazilian dermatologists focused on their treatment was invited to contribute with the K and HS Treatment Brazilian Guidelines. In the first part of this study, different treatment modalities for keloids and HS are fully reviewed by the panel. The second part of the study presents a consensus recommendation of treatment for different types of lesions. More than a literature review, this article aims to show the pitfalls and pearls of each therapeutic option, as well as a therapeutic approach by the Panel of Experts on keloids and Scars on a highly mixed population, providing simple guidelines.
Positive genetic covariance and limited thermal tolerance constrain tropical insect responses to global warming
Authors: García‐Robledo Carlos , Baer Christina S.
Published: July 2021

Tropical ectotherms are particularly vulnerable to global warming because their physiologies are assumed to be adapted to narrow temperature ranges. This study explores three mechanisms potentially constraining thermal adaptation to global warming in tropical insects: (a) Trade‐offs in genotypic performance at different temperatures (the jack‐of‐all‐trades hypothesis), (b) positive genetic covariance in performance, with some genotypes performing better than others at viable temperatures (the ‘winner’ and ‘loser’ genotypes hypothesis), or (c) limited genetic variation as the potential result of relaxed selection and the loss of genes associated with responses to extreme temperatures (the gene decay hypothesis). We estimated changes in growth and survival rates at multiple temperatures for three tropical rain forest insect herbivores (Cephaloleia rolled‐leaf beetles, Chrysomelidae). We reared 2,746 individuals in a full sibling experimental design, at temperatures known to be experienced by this genus of beetles in nature (i.e. 10–35°C). Significant genetic covariance was positive for 16 traits, supporting the ‘winner’ and ‘loser’ genotypes hypothesis. Only two traits displayed negative cross‐temperature performance correlations. We detected a substantial contribution of genetic variance in traits associated with size and mass (0%–44%), but low heritability in plastic traits such as development time (0%–6%) or survival (0%–4%). Lowland insect populations will most likely decline if current temperatures increase between 2 and 5°C. It is concerning that local adaption is already lagging behind current temperatures. The consequences of maintaining the current global warming trajectory would be devastating for tropical insects. However, if humans can limit or slow warming, many tropical ectotherms might persist in their current locations and potentially adapt to warmer temperatures.
Examining the genetic diversity of the orange blossom wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), across North America
Authors: Erlandson Martin A. , Campbell Erin O. , Otani Jennifer K. , Holowachuk Jennifer , Peralta Julianne , Wist Tyler J. , Hegedus Dwayne D. , Mori Boyd A.
Published: July 2021

The orange blossom wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a significant pest of wheat (Triticum spp.) grown in the Northern Hemisphere. It was accidently introduced to North America over 200 years ago and has subsequently spread throughout the northern Great Plains. Since 2010, several Canadian spring wheat varieties containing the resistance gene Sm1 have been released. Due to the potential of wheat midge populations to evolve virulent biotypes to Sm1, cultivars containing Sm1 are grown with a susceptible cultivar in an interspersed refuge. An understanding of the genetic diversity of wheat midge populations could provide important information on the potential development of resistance to Sm1. In the current study, we used two mitochondrial genes (CO1 and ND4) from wheat midge collected across the northern Great Plains and Québec in North America to assess population structure and genetic diversity. We found limited genetic diversity and population structure across the sampled North American populations. We also assessed North American haplotype similarity to wheat midge collected from Europe and China and found high similarity between North American and European populations, although sampling in Europe was limited. This supports the hypothesis that North American populations originated from Europe.
What MFTs should know about nutrition, psychosocial health, and collaborative care with nutrition professionals
Authors: Novak Josh R. , Robinson Lindsey P. , Korn Leslie E.
Published: July 2021

Despite sufficient evidence on the role of nutrition in psychosocial health, Marriage and Family Therapists lack the knowledge for sufficient assessment and referrals in treatment. The purpose of this article is to orient MFTs to human metabolism and the effects of various nutrients, or lack thereof, on the psychosocial health in their clients. The roles of several micronutrients and macronutrients will be described as well as the effects of eating patterns and overall metabolic health on mental health. Finally, implications for MFTs as sole practitioners, domains for assessment and psychoeducation, and recommendations for collaborating with nutrition professionals will be discussed.
Distinct dose‐dependent effects of methamphetamine on real‐time dopamine transmission in the rat nucleus accumbens and behaviors
Authors: Bhimani Rohan V. , Vik Megan , Wakabayashi Ken T. , Szalkowski Caitlin , Bass Caroline E. , Park Jinwoo
Published: July 2021

Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant that exerts many of its physiological and psychomotor effects by increasing extracellular dopamine (DA) concentrations in limbic brain regions. While several studies have focused on how potent, neurotoxic doses of METH augment or attenuate DA transmission, the acute effects of lower and behaviorally activating doses of METH on modulating DA regulation (release and clearance) through DA D2 autoreceptors and transporters remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated how systemic administration of escalating, subneurotoxic doses of METH (0.5–5 mg/kg, IP) alter extracellular DA regulation in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), in both anesthetized and awake‐behaving rats through the use of in vivo fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry. Pharmacological, electrochemical, and behavioral evidence show that lower doses (≤2.0 mg/kg, IP) of METH enhance extracellular phasic DA concentrations and locomotion as well as stereotypies. In contrast, higher doses (≥5.0 mg/kg) further increase both phasic and baseline DA concentrations and stereotypies but decrease horizontal locomotion. Importantly, our results suggest that acute METH‐induced enhancement of extracellular DA concentrations dose dependently activates D2 autoreceptors. Therefore, these different METH dose‐dependent effects on mesolimbic DA transmission may distinctly impact METH‐induced behavioral changes. This study provides valuable insights regarding how low METH doses alter DA transmission and paves the way for future clinical studies on the reinforcing effects of METH.

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Successful management of acquired hemophilia A onset during pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Nishi Akane , Muramatsu Ayako , Maeda Eiko , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Waratani Miyoko , Kitawaki Jo
Published: July 2021

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by autoantibodies that inhibit coagulation factor VIII. Pregnancy could be associated with AHA in younger women. Because of its rarity, the optimal management for pregnancy‐related AHA has not yet been established. Herein, we present the case of a 32‐year‐old woman with AHA diagnosed during pregnancy because of elevated activated partial prothrombin time, decreased factor VIII activity, and the presence of a factor VIII inhibitor. She was treated with immunosuppressive therapy consisting of corticosteroid and cyclosporine administration. Although complete remission could not be induced in the peripartum period, she gave birth safely by cesarean delivery in combination with prophylactic bypass hemostatic therapy. This work would provide helpful information to guide better recognition and treatment of pregnancy‐related AHA cases.
Behind the Stigma Shield: Frontline Employees’ Emotional Response to Organizational Event Stigma at Work and at Home
Authors: Frandsen Sanne , Morsing Mette
Published: July 2021

We investigate how frontline employees manage their emotional experiences of organizational event stigma as an implication of organizational wrongdoing. Our research is based on a longitudinal case study of Danske Bank, which was involved in a money laundering scandal of historical magnitude. We evoke Goffman’s epistemological understanding of stigma as arising in social interactions in all aspects of life. We analyse the emotionally straining spill‐over effects of stigmatization at home, as event stigma blurs individuals’ work–home boundaries. Our study shows how frontline employees develop a ‘stigma shield’, that is, emotional detachment strategies used at work and at home to protect against the negative implications of event stigmatization and maintain their organizational pride and loyalty. Interestingly, we find that the stigma shield enables identity protection rather than identity restructuring in response to the identity threat posed by the scandal. We contribute to the literature on organizational event stigma and identity threat by offering a theoretical lens focusing on individual‐level emotional responses to ‘felt’ stigmatization among frontline employees in an organization facing scandal.
Empathy and authenticity online: The roles of moral identity, moral disengagement, and parenting style
Authors: Morgan Blaire , Fowers Blaine
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Research suggests that the Internet could be considered an arena for both virtuous and vicious behaviors, with observations of enhanced perspective‐taking and honest self‐reflections occurring alongside evidence of cyberbullying and deceptive communications. In the current study, we explore the role of three widely recognized sources of moral behavior—moral identity, moral disengagement, and authoritative parenting—in predicting adolescents’ online empathy and online authenticity.

Method

In total, 788 UK adolescents aged 11–18 years (66% male) completed measures of these key constructs.

Results

Structural equation modeling results suggest that parental responsiveness and autonomy granting are positively related to adolescents’ moral identity. In turn, moral identity was positively related to both online empathy and online authenticity. Having a stronger moral identity also meant that adolescents were less likely to morally disengage, and moral disengagement was negatively related to online authenticity in adolescent females. Partial invariance across gender and age was observed.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that moral identity encourages moral thoughts, feelings, and actions in the online environment, including being authentic and empathic. As the formation and accessibility of one's moral identity can be promoted, we discuss the implications of these findings for cultivating prosocial behavior in the online environment as well as future research avenues.
Are social desirability scales desirable? A meta‐analytic test of the validity of social desirability scales in the context of prosocial behavior
Authors: Lanz Lukas , Thielmann Isabel , Gerpott Fabiola H.
Published: July 2021

Social desirability (SD) scales have been used for decades in psychology and beyond. These scales are sought to measure individuals' tendencies to present themselves overly positive in self‐reports, thus allowing to control for SD biases. However, research increasingly questions the validity of SD scales, proposing that SD scales measure substantive trait characteristics rather than response bias. To provide a large‐scale empirical test of the validity of SD scales, we conducted a meta‐analysis (k = 41; N = 8980) on the relation between SD scale scores and prosocial behavior in economic games (where acting in a prosocial manner is highly socially desirable). If SD scales measure what they are supposed to (namely, SD bias), they should be negatively linked to prosocial behavior; if SD scales measure socially desirable traits, they should be positively linked to prosocial behavior. Unlike both possibilities, the meta‐analytic correlation between SD scores and prosocial behavior was close to zero, suggesting that SD scales neither clearly measure bias nor substantive traits. This conclusion was also supported by moderation analyses considering differences in the implementation of games and the SD scales used. The results further question the validity of SD scales with the implication that scholars and practitioners should refrain from using them.
Big Five personality traits and academic performance: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mammadov Sakhavat
Published: July 2021

Objective and Method

This meta‐analysis reports the most comprehensive assessment to date of the strength of the relationships between the Big Five personality traits and academic performance by synthesizing 267 independent samples (N = 413,074) in 228 unique studies. It also examined the incremental validity of personality traits above and beyond cognitive ability in predicting academic performance.

Results

The combined effect of cognitive ability and personality traits explained 27.8% of the variance in academic performance. Cognitive ability was the most important predictor with a relative importance of 64%. Conscientiousness emerged as a strong and robust predictor of performance, even when controlling for cognitive ability, and accounted for 28% of the explained variance in academic performance. A significant moderating effect of education level was observed. The relationship of academic performance with openness, extraversion, and agreeableness demonstrated significantly larger effect sizes at the elementary/middle school level compared to the subsequent levels. Openness, despite its weak overall relative importance, was found to be an important determinant of student performance in the early years of school.

Conclusion

These findings reaffirm the critical role of personality traits in explaining academic performance through the most comprehensive assessment yet of these relationships.
Prevalence of subclinical bactibilia in apparently healthy shelter dogs
Authors: Verwey E. , Gal A. , Kettner F. , Botha W. J. , Pazzi P.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of subclinical bactibilia in apparently healthy shelter dogs and characterise serum liver enzymes activities, hepatobiliary histopathology and bile cytology in apparently healthy dogs with and without bactibilia.

Materials and Methods

Healthy, abandoned dogs euthanased for non‐medical reasons were prospectively recruited for this cross‐sectional study. Whole blood, collected immediately before euthanasia, was submitted for serum liver enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma‐glutamyl transferase) analyses. Bile, gall bladder and liver samples were collected aseptically from dogs within 25 minutes of euthanasia. Bile was submitted for bacterial culture and cytology in all dogs. Gall bladder and liver samples were submitted for histopathological examination in bactibilic dogs and nine randomly selected non‐bactibilic dogs.

Results

Sixty‐five healthy dogs were included in this study. Bactibilia was diagnosed in 10.8% (7/65) of dogs, with 9.2% (6/65) of dogs diagnosed on cytological examination and 4.6% (3/65) on culture. Elevated alanine aminotransferase activities were present in one bactibilic and five non‐bactibilic dogs; and elevated gamma‐glutamyl transferase activities in one bactibilic and two non‐bactibilic dogs. No dogs had elevated alkaline phosphatase activities. Histopathological changes in bactibilic and non‐bactibilic dogs included lymphoplasmocellular cholecystitis (7/7 and 9/9), gall bladder oedema (7/7 and 9/9), hepatic vacuolar degeneration (6/7 and 8/9), cholangitis (5/7 and 7/9), hepatic nodular hyperplasia (3/7 and 5/9) and hepatic cholestasis (2/7 and 4/9).

Clinical Significance

This study confirms that subclinical bactibilia occurs in a small number of apparently healthy shelter dogs and that subclinical hepatobiliary histopathological abnormalities can occur in apparently healthy bactibilic and non‐bactibilic dogs.
More than a sovereign symbol? The public reception of the early monumental statues of Atatürk in Turkey
Authors: Güçler Arda , Gür Faik
Published: July 2021

The early monumental statues of Atatürk in Turkey have so far been studied from the perspective of the state and its ambition to disseminate a national consciousness. While this state‐centric approach has been helpful to understand the role of symbolism in nation‐building, it ends up reducing people to a passive recipient of symbolic indoctrination. We, in contrast, approach public perception as an active component in the discursive construction of these monuments over time. We first analyse the period until the death of Atatürk in 1938 during which the democratic possibility of conflicting with the official narrative remained quite minimal. We then look at the aftermath of Atatürk's death, which coincides with the introduction of the multiparty democracy in Turkey where there were more critical engagements with these monuments, particularly by the right‐wing constituents and politicians. We conclude that such resistance was still discursively bound by the nationalist context within which it operated. Our analysis of the politics of symbolism in Turkey taps into the theoretical works of Hanna Pitkin and Warren Breckman.
Global prevalence of turnover intention among intensive care nurses: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Guoilian , Zeng Xiaoying , Wu Xiaohua
Published: July 2021

Background

Nurse turnover is considered a major cause of nurse shortage, representing problems for health care systems in terms of both quality and cost of care for patients, and intention to leave is the strongest practical predictor variable of actual turnover.

Aim

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims at exploring the global prevalence of turnover intention in intensive care nurses.

Design

This was a systematic literature review.

Methods

A systematic review of empirical quantitative studies on turnover intention in nurses of intensive care units (ICUs), published in English till March 2021, was conducted. The databases PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and CINAHL were searched. Eligible studies were observational or descriptive studies that reported the prevalence of turnover intention among nurses in all types of ICUs. The quality of studies was assessed using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A random effect meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of turnover intention among ICU nurses.

Results

We identified 18 cross‐sectional studies investigating a total of 23 140 intensive care nurses from 23 countries. The intention to leave rate was ranged from 3.0% to 75.0%. The pooled prevalence of turnover intention was 27.7% (95% confidence interval: 21.6%‐34.3%).

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis showed that more than 27% of the intensive care nurses had the intention to leave worldwide. In the current context of nursing shortage, efforts should be made to improve conditions for this important group of care providers.

Relevance to clinical practice

The prevalence of turnover intention is relatively high among intensive care nurses. Nurse managers should take this intention seriously, as the intention to leave may lead to an actual decision to leave the profession.
Econometric Modelling of Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Concentrations, Ambient Temperatures and Ocean Deoxygenation
Authors: Bhargava Alok
Published: July 2021

This paper analysed several longitudinal data sets for investigating the dynamic inter-relationships between CO2 emissions and atmospheric concentrations, ambient temperatures and ocean acidification and deoxygenation. The methodological framework addressed issues such as the use of temperature ‘anomalies’, diffusion of CO2 to atmospheric stations, distributional misspecification and non-stationarity of errors affecting empirical models, and use of spline functions for modelling trends in temperatures. Longitudinal data on CO2 emissions for 163 countries and atmospheric CO2 concentrations at 10 stations, ambient temperatures from over 8,500 weather stations and seawater composition from over 380,000 oceanographic stations were analysed for 1985–2018 by estimating dynamic random effects models using maximum likelihood methods. The main findings were that CO2 emissions exhibited rapid upward trends at the country level, while minimum and maximum temperatures showed cyclical patterns; economic activity and population levels were associated with higher CO2 emissions. Second, there were gradual upward trends in annual and seasonal temperatures compiled at weather stations, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations were significantly associated with higher temperatures in the hemispheres. Third, there was a steady decline in dissolved oxygen levels, and the interactive effects of water temperatures and pH levels were significant. Overall, the results underscore the benefits of reducing CO2 emissions for ambient temperatures and for ocean deoxygenation. Synergies between CO2 emissions, ambient temperatures and ocean acidification are likely to exacerbate the melting of polar ice.
The novel HLA‐DQB1 allele, HLA‐DQB1*03:457, identified in a Korean kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Yang John J. , Kwon Oh‐Joong , Oh Heung‐Bum
Published: July 2021

HLA‐DQB1*03:457 differs from HLA‐DQB1*03:02:01:01 by a non‐synonymous nucleotide substitution in codon 95, changing valine to glutamic acid.
Close Error, Visual Perception, and Neural Phase: A Critique of the Modal Approach to Knowledge
Authors: Bricker Adam Michael
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The distinction between true belief and knowledge is one of the most fundamental in philosophy, and a remarkable effort has been dedicated to formulating the conditions on which true belief constitutes knowledge. For decades, much of this epistemological undertaking has been dominated by a single strategy, referred to here as the modal approach. Shared by many of the most widely influential constraints on knowledge, including the sensitivity, safety, and anti‐luck/risk conditions, this approach rests on a key underlying assumption — the modal profiles available to known and unknown beliefs are in some way asymmetrical. The first aim of this paper is to deconstruct this assumption, identifying its plausibility with the way in which epistemologists frequently conceptualize human perceptual systems as excluding certain varieties of close error under conditions conducive to knowledge acquisition. The second aim of this paper is to then argue that a neural phase phenomenon indicates that this conceptualization is quite likely mistaken. This argument builds on the previous introduction of this neural phase to the context of epistemology, expanding the use of neural phase cases beyond relatively narrow questions about epistemic luck to a much more expansive critique of the modal approach as a whole.
HIV transmission through living donor kidney transplant: An 11‐year follow‐up on the recipient and donor
Authors: Pereira Marcus R. , Dube Geoffrey K. , Tatem Luis , Burack Daniel , Crew Russell J. , Cohen David J. , Ratner Lloyd E.
Published: July 2021

HIV transmission via solid organ transplant is a rare but serious complication. Here, we describe long‐term outcomes in a case of living donor‐derived transmission of HIV in a kidney transplant recipient. After 11 years since transplant surgery, the donor shows no evidence of abnormal renal function, while the recipient continues to have a functioning graft. HIV is well controlled in both individuals. This single case report highlights the possibility of acceptable long‐term outcomes in living kidney donors with HIV as well as in donor‐derived HIV transmission to kidney transplant recipients.
Assessment the knowledge of blood transfusion in Iranian nurses of Tehran's hospitals
Authors: Yami Amir , Darbandi Arezoo , Saber Esmaeil , Tabrizi Namini Mehdi , Gharehbaghian Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Objective

To investigate the knowledge of nurses about pre and post blood transfusion processes.

Background

To ensure a safe blood transfusion, apart from the role of blood banking to perform safe donation, attention must be paid to equally important but rather neglected factors including nursing practice and knowledge of blood transfusion.

Method and materials

Data was collected using a valid blood transfusion questionnaire consisting of 43 questions. We analysed data using SPSS 22. Percentages and analytical statistics such as Mann–Whitney, Kruskal‐Wallis were used to report the results. The significant level of p‐value was assumed to be <0.05.

Results

In this study, 325 nurses participated and their knowledge scores ranged from 24% to 85% (mean 56.16, standard deviation: 5.92) and the majority of nurses lacked knowledge in pre‐transfusion activities. The analysis also revealed there was a significant correlation between the knowledge score and academic degree. Out of all nurses, 48% (N = 156) declared that they need further training in haemovigilance. As the minimum and maximum scored questions, it was revealed that only 39 nurses (12%) have enough knowledge to act properly in case of ambiguous orders; on the other hand, 94% (N = 304) have sufficient knowledge of the agents administered with transfusion. A large proportion of the involved nurses are unaware of the risk of improper identification.

Conclusion

All the efforts taken to prepare a safe and matched blood unit would be futile by inattentive administration of blood. That is why mandatory ongoing blood transfusion training for nurses is required urgently.
Expected individual benefit of prophylactic platelet transfusions in hemato‐oncology patients based on bleeding risks
Authors: Cornelissen Loes L. , Caram‐Deelder Camila , Fustolo‐Gunnink Susanna F. , Groenwold Rolf H. H. , Stanworth Simon J. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , van der Bom Johanna G.
Published: July 2021

Background

Prophylactic platelet transfusions prevent bleeding in hemato‐oncology patients, but it is unclear how any benefit varies between patients. Our aim was to assess if patients with different baseline risks for bleeding benefit differently from a prophylactic platelet transfusion strategy.

Study design and methods

Using the data from the randomized controlled TOPPS trial (Trial of Platelet Prophylaxis), we developed a prediction model for World Health Organization grades 2, 3, and 4 bleeding risk (defined as at least one bleeding episode in a 30 days period) and grouped patients in four risk‐quartiles based on this predicted baseline risk. Predictors in the model were baseline platelet count, age, diagnosis, disease modifying treatment, disease status, previous stem cell transplantation, and the randomization arm.

Results

The model had a c‐statistic of 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.64). There was little variation in predicted risks (quartiles 46%, 47%, and 51%), but prophylactic platelet transfusions gave a risk reduction in all risk quartiles. The absolute risk difference (ARD) was 3.4% (CI −12.2 to 18.9) in the lowest risk quartile (quartile 1), 7.4% (95% CI −8.4 to 23.3) in quartile 2, 6.8% (95% CI −9.1 to 22.9) in quartile 3, and 12.8% (CI −3.1 to 28.7) in the highest risk quartile (quartile 4).

Conclusion

In our study, generally accepted bleeding risk predictors had limited predictive power (expressed by the low c‐statistic), and, given the wide confidence intervals of predicted ARD, could not aid in identifying subgroups of patients who might benefit more (or less) from prophylactic platelet transfusion.
Online First-Order Machining Error Compensation for Thin-Walled Parts Considering Time-Varying Cutting Condition
Authors: Zhao Xiong , Zheng Lianyu , Zhang Yuehong
Published: July 2021

Mirror error compensation is usually used to improve the machining precision of thin-walled parts. However, due to the time-varying cutting condition of thin-walled parts, this zero-order method may result in inadequate error compensation. To cope with this problem, an online first-order error compensation method is proposed for thin-walled parts. With this context, first, the time-varying cutting condition of thin-walled parts is defined with its in-process geometric and physical characteristics. Based on it, a first-order machining error compensation model is constructed. Then, before process starting, the theory geometric and physical characteristics of thin-walled parts are, respectively, obtained with CAM software and structure dynamic modification theory. After process performing, the real geometric characteristic of thin-walled parts is measured, and it is used to calculate the dimension error of thin-walled parts. Next, the error compensated value is evaluated to construct an error compensation surface, which is used to modify the tool center points of next process step. Finally, the machining error is compensated by performing the next process step. Two typical experiments, milling of thin-walled parts with plane- and curved-surface, are used to validate the proposed method, and the experiment results shown that this method can significantly improve the error compensation effect for low-stiffness structure. Compared with the mirror compensation, the final thickness error of thin-walled parts is reduced by 71.4% and 56.2%, respectively, for plane- and curved-surface parts.
Large survey finds questionable research practices are common
Authors: de Vrieze Jop
Published: July 2021

Dutch study finds 8% of scientists have committed fraud.
Senate bill gives ‘have-not’ states a big boost
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: July 2021

Congress wrestles with how to increase geographic diversity in NSF funding.
Cage effects control the mechanism of methane hydroxylation in zeolites
Authors: Snyder Benjamin E. R. , Bols Max L. , Rhoda Hannah M. , Plessers Dieter , Schoonheydt Robert A. , Sels Bert F. , Solomon Edward I.
Published: July 2021

Fencing in radicals

Zeolite catalysis could potentially offer a more direct route from methane to methanol. However, current catalysts tend to deactivate too quickly for practical use. Snyder
et al.
investigated the deactivation mechanism using Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopy and accompanying simulations (see the Perspective by Scott). Their results suggest that in zeolites with large apertures, after iron active sites strip hydrogen from methane, the resulting methyl radicals can leak away and deactivate other iron centers. Zeolites with tighter apertures can keep the radicals nearby longer, favoring the formation of methanol.

Science
, abd5803, this issue p.
327
; see also abj4734, p.
277
Expression of Foxp3 by T follicular helper cells in end-stage germinal centers
Authors: Jacobsen Johanne T. , Hu Wei , R. Castro Tiago B. , Solem Sigrid , Galante Alice , Lin Zeran , Allon Samuel J. , Mesin Luka , Bilate Angelina M. , Schiepers Ariën , Shalek Alex K. , Rudensky Alexander Y. , Victora Gabriel D.
Published: July 2021

Regulating germinal center contraction

Germinal centers (GCs) in secondary lymphoid organs are where mature B cells expand and differentiate. Although GC formation is well studied, the control of GC duration and contraction is less well understood. Using intravital imaging of mouse GCs and single-cell RNA sequencing, Jacobsen
et al.
report that T follicular helper (T
FH
) cells are a critical player in this process. They found that some late-GC T
FH
cells upregulate the transcription factor FOXP3 and acquire a regulatory T cell–like phenotype. These cells are distinct from T follicular regulatory (T
FR
) cells and, unlike T
FR
cells, are needed to shut down the GC reaction. Tweaking this process may be key to extending GC lifetimes and enhancing antibody responses in the context of vaccination.

Science
, abe5146, this issue p.
eabe5146
Automating incarceration
Just Algorithms
Christopher Slobogin
Cambridge University Press, 2021. 182 pp.
Authors: Spezio Michael
Published: July 2021

Better algorithms are key to reducing bias in criminal sentencing, argues a legal scholar
Bioinspired methane oxidation in a zeolite
Authors: Scott Susannah L.
Published: July 2021

Molecular-sized iron-containing cages control conversion of methyl radicals into methanol
The long reach of family ties
Authors: Firth Josh A. , Sheldon Ben C.
Published: July 2021

In hyena societies, inherited social networks affect social behavior
Rethinking immunology
Authors: Nathan Carl
Published: July 2021

An interferon-γ–induced apolipoprotein lyses bacterial membranes in the cytoplasm of host cells
Complete Genome Assembly of Myxococcus xanthus Strain DZ2 Using Long High-Fidelity (HiFi) Reads Generated with PacBio Technology
Authors: Jain Rikesh , Habermann Bianca H. , Mignot Tâm
Published: July 2021

Myxococcus xanthus
is a Gram-negative social bacterium belonging to the order
Myxococcales
of the class
Deltaproteobacteria
. It is a facultative social predator found in soils across the globe and is thought to be crucial for the microbial ecosystem. Here, we report a complete high-quality reference genome of the
M. xanthus
strain DZ2.
Emergent simplicity despite local complexity in eroding fluvial landscapes
Authors: Roberts Gareth G.
Published: July 2021

Much of our current understanding of continental topographic evolution is rooted in measuring and predicting the rates at which rivers erode the landscape. Flume tank and field observations indicate that stochasticity and local conditions play important roles in determining rates at small scales (e.g., <10 km, thousands of years). Obversely, preserved river profiles and common shapes of rivers atop uplifting topography indicate that erosion rates are predictable at larger scales. These observations indicate that the response of rivers to forcing can be scale dependent. I demonstrate that erosional thresholds can provide an explanation for why profile evolution can be very complicated and unique at small scales yet simple and predictable at large scales.
Supplemental Material: Thermochronological transect across the Basin and Range/Rio Grande rift transition: Contrasting cooling histories in contiguous extensional provinces
Authors: Gavel M.M. , al. et , Amato J.
Published: July 2021

Table S1: Summary of all of the geochronology (dates and locations) for the samples in this study. Table S2: Thermal history model inputs; Table S3: Apatite fission track data used in HeFTy modeling.
Variability of the Expression Patterns of Neuroinflammatory Genes in Mononuclear Cells of Peripheral Blood in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Ivanova M. V. , Voronkova A. S. , Sukhorukov V. S. , Zakharova M. N.
Published: July 2021

Abstract—Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with steadily progressing death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The disease is incurable and results in the patient’s death within 3–5 years on average. The mechanisms of initiation, progression, and spread of the pathological process remain unclear. It seems that inflammatory reactions may be important for disease progression but this is not certain. We performed multiplex analysis of the expression of neuroinflammatory genes in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood from patients with different rates of ALS progression (n = 22) and compared these data with those observed in healthy volunteers. We found that the expression of 14 genes, specifically BAX, CLN3, PLEKHM1, AKT1, LAMP1, RAC2, VAV1, MPG, TFG, BRD2, CSK, MSN, GBA, and VIM, differed between the groups of patients and healthy volunteers (p < 0.05; q < 0.05). Genes associated with autophagia, apoptosis, adaptive immunity, and growth factor cascades prevail among these genes. We did not find any substantial differences in gene expression between patients with rapid and slow ALS progression. We revealed a subgroup of patients who exhibited significantly different expression of 208 or 262 genes compared to other ALS patients or healthy volunteers, respectively (p < 0.05; q < 0.05). Our data show the importance of not only central but also peripheral inflammatory reactions in the development of the pathological process associated with ALS.
Revision of total knee replacement (TKR) secondary to raised cobalt levels: should this be considered in the painful TKR patient?
Authors: Kenny Fred , Gibbons John P , Keogh Peter , O'Byrne John
Published: July 2021

A 63-year-old woman was referred to the specialised knee revision clinic with ongoing knee pain after total knee replacement. She incidentally had cobalt and chromium levels measured. These were seen to be elevated. Comprehensive assessment and investigation did not identify any other source of cobalt or chromium. Aseptic loosening of the knee was diagnosed, and the knee was revised. At the time of surgery, the tissue was seen to be darkened consistent with metallosis. Multiple samples excluded infection on extended cultures. Aspirated fluid showed that periprosthetic fluid had elevated cobalt levels. The knee was successfully revised with good symptomatic outcome and significantly, over the course of several months post-revision, the cobalt and chromium levels returned to normal.
Transmural supraspinatus tendon tear caused by suture anchor tip 19-month postacromioclavicular joint stabilisation
Authors: Waltenspül Manuel , Wieser Karl , Bouaicha Samy
Published: July 2021

Rotator cuff injuries present rarely in paediatric patients due to the tendon strength at this age. There are reports of ruptures caused by either irritation of the lateral clavicle or acromioclavicular (AC) joint in fractures or after usage of hook plates. In this case report, we present a patient with an acute complete supraspinatus rupture caused by a suture anchor tip from a previously performed AC joint stabilisation. After the diagnosis of a new complete supraspinatus, the causative prominent suture anchor was removed, and the tendon subsequently repaired. This case highlights the close anatomic relation of the AC joint and the rotator cuff, which is imperative to adequately address in injuries to this anatomical location.
Optic disc pit with multiquadrant peripapillary retinoschisis and choroidal coloboma
Authors: Sachan Anusha , Rani Deeksha , Lata Suman , Chawla Rohan
Published: July 2021

An 18-year-old man presented with decreased vision in the right eye (OD) noticed for 1 month. On examination, OD best-corrected visual acuity was 3/60 and the left eye (OS) was 6/6 with intraocular pressure of 12 mm Hg in both the eyes (OU). OD fundus revealed an inferior optic-disc-pit with macular-retinoschisis and an inferior choroidal coloboma. OS fundus was normal. On swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) radial scans, peripapillary-retinoschisis was seen not only in the macular region but in all the four quadrants. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has been reported of optic disc pit with multiquadrant peripapillary retinoschisis and choroidal coloboma coexisting in the same eye. SSOCT radial scans can help detect subclinical retinoschisis as in this case.
When acral malignant melanoma facades as diabetic foot!
Authors: Yasear Zainab Akram Yousif , Bloomer Lynda , Siddique Roshan , Siddique Haroon
Published: July 2021

An 85-year-old Indian man presented with non-healing foot ulcer over the left heel. There was initial response to wound size with standard treatment including offloading, debridement and antibiotic therapy. However, subsequently, there was no progress noted. Incidentally, two small black spots in the wound bed raised the suspicion of melanoma. Incisional biopsy confirmed acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM). The final diagnosis was ALM coexisting with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The wound was treated by surgical resection and flap reconstruction that resulted in complete healing. Fourteen months after the initial intervention, the patient developed a new lump and ulceration around the previous wound bed. This turned out to be recurrent disease with distant metastasis. The patient died eventually with palliative support. Through this case, we would like to highlight the importance of early biopsy and intervention in DFU especially for those wounds with atypical presentation or refractory to standard treatment.