bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Location variance of the great vessels while undergoing side-bend positioning changes during lateral interbody fusion
Authors: Joiner Aaron , Gomez Gilberto , Vatsia Sohrab K. , Ellett Tyler , Pahl Douglas
Published: March 2023

Background:

Minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is an increasingly popular surgical technique that facilitates minimally invasive exposure, attenuated blood loss, and potentially improved arthrodesis rates. However, there is a paucity of evidence elucidating the risk of vascular injury associated with LLIF, and no previous studies have evaluated the distance from the lumbar intervertebral space (IVS) to the abdominal vascular structures in a side-bend lateral decubitus position. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the average distance, and changes in distance, from the lumbar IVS to the major vessels from supine to side-bend right and left lateral decubitus (RLD and LLD) positions simulating operating room positioning utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods:

We independently evaluated lumbar MRI scans of 10 adult patients in the supine, RLD, and LLD positions, calculating the distance from each lumbar IVS to adjacent major vascular structures.

Results:

At the cephalad lumbar levels (L1-L3), the aorta lies in closer proximity to the IVS in the RLD position, in contrast to the inferior vena cava (IVC), which is further from the IVS in the RLD. At the L3-S1 vertebral levels, the right and left common iliac arteries (CIA) are both further from the IVS in the LLD position, with the notable exception of the right CIA, which lies further from the IVS in the RLD at the L5-S1 level. At both the L4-5 and L5-S1 levels, the right common iliac vein (CIV) is further from the IVS in the RLD. In contrast, the left CIV is further from the IVS at the L4-5 and L5-S1 levels.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that RLD positioning may be safer for LLIF as it affords greater distance away from critical venous structures, however, surgical positioning should be assessed at the discretion of the spine surgeon on a patient-specific basis.
Age- and gender-related radiological changes of the cervical spine
Authors: Guvercin Ali Riza , Arslan Erhan , Hacifazlioglu Cigdem , Kanat Ayhan , Arslan Elif Acar , Yazar Ugur
Published: March 2023

Background:

The morphological features of the cervical spine are an essential issue. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the structural and radiological changes in the cervical spine.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 250 patients with neck pain but no apparent cervical pathology were selected from a database of 5672 consecutive patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRIs were directly examined for cervical disc degeneration. These include Pfirrmann grade (Pg/C), cervical lordosis angle (A/CL), Atlantodental distance (ADD), the thickness of transverse ligament (T/TL), and position of cerebellar tonsils (P/CT). The measurements were taken at the positions of T1- and T2-weighted sagittal and axial MRIs. To evaluate the results, patients were divided into seven age groups (10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70, and over).

Results:

In terms of ADD (mm), T/TL (mm), and P/CT (mm), there was no significant difference among age groups (P > 0.05). However, in terms of A/CL (degree) values, a statistically significant difference was observed among age groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Intervertebral disc degeneration was more severe in males than in females as age increased. For both genders, cervical lordosis, decreased significantly as age increased. T/TL, ADD, and P/CT did not significantly differ with age. The present study indicates that structural and radiological changes are possible reasons for cervical pain at advanced ages.
Comparative Study of Lipid Profile among Young Smokers and Nonsmokers in South Indian Population
Authors: Kumar Abhinav , Narayanaswamy Srikanth
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

In India, the predominant way of tobacco consumption is by smoking cigarettes, which is a vital risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease, which in turn is affected by abnormality in the lipid profile.

Aim:

To evaluate the alteration in the serum lipid profile between young smokers and nonsmokers.

Materials and methods:

The study included a total of 148 participants, who were divided into light (n = 25), moderate (n = 25), heavy (n = 24) smokers (“S” group), and nonsmokers (“NS” group, n = 74). Along with demographic data, blood samples were collected after overnight fasting under aseptic conditions. The samples were centrifuged and the lipid profile estimation of substances including serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low- and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were performed. Independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance were employed for statistical analysis, considering P ≤.05 as significant.

Results:

The mean years of smoking were 7.91 ± 4.67 years and average cigarettes smoked per day were 13.43 ± 6.66. The inter-group difference in the lipid profiles were significant (P <.001). An increasing trend of mean cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with regard to lower to higher smoking index, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly showed decreasing trend with regard to lower to higher smoking index (P <.001).

Conclusion:

The present study reported abnormal lipid level in smokers in comparison to the nonsmokers, with the amount and duration of smoking also influencing dyslipidemia.
Efficacy and safety of topical cyclosporine 0.1% in moderate-to-severe dry eye disease refractory to topical cyclosporine 0.05% regimen
Authors: Chan Yuan-Hsi , Sun Chi-Chin
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.1% cyclosporine A cationic emulsion (CsA CE) following prior treatment with 0.05% cyclosporine A anionic emulsion (CsA AE) in moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We retrospectively identified patients with moderate-to-severe DED who had shown an inadequate response to twice-daily use of topical 0.05% CsA AE but showed a significant improvement after switching to 0.1% CsA CE daily. Dry eye parameters before and after CsA CE were evaluated by tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), cornea sensitivity, Schirmer's test without anesthetics, and Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire.

RESULTS:

Twenty-three patients, including ten patients with Sjogren syndrome and five patients with rheumatoid arthritis, were reviewed. After a 2-month course of treatment with topical 0.1% CsA CE, significant improvements were noted for CFS (P < 0.001), corneal sensitivity (P = 0.008), and TBUT (P = 0.01). Efficacy was similar in the autoimmune versus nonautoimmune group. 39.1% of patients reported treatment-related adverse events, while the majority was transient instillation pain. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure had no significant changes during the study.

CONCLUSION:

In patients with moderate to severe DED refractory to 0.05% cyclosporine, shifting to 0.1% cyclosporine showed improvement in objective signs but with lower treatment tolerability in the short term.
Hybrid Detection and Mitigation of DNS Protocol MITM attack based on Firefly algorithm with Elliptical Curve Cryptography
Authors: A. Sabitha Banu. , Padmavathi Dr. G.
Published: March 2023

A Domain Name Server is a critical Internet component. It enables users to surf the web and send emails. DNS is a database used by millions ofcomputers to determine which address best answers a user’s query. DNS is an unencrypted protocol that may be exploited in numerous ways. The mostpopular DNS MITM attack uses DNS poisoning to intercept communications and fake them. DNS servers do not verify the IP addresses they forwardtraffic to. In DNS attacks, the attacker either targets the domain name servers or attempts to exploit system weaknesses. The Proposed FFOBLA-ECC model detects the DNS Spoofed nodes in a wireless network using the optimized firefly boosted LSTM with the help of TTL and RTR parametersreceived from the simulation environment and provides authentication between the nodes in order to mitigate it using the Elliptical curve cryptography. The proposed model results are different from the other methods and yield highly accurate results beyond 98% compared with the existing RF, ARF, and KNN methods.
Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2020
Authors: Kang Mee Joo , Jung Kyu-Won , Bang So Hyun , Choi Seo Hyun , Park Eun Hye , Yun E Hwa , Kim Hye-Jin , Kong Hyun-Joo , Im Jeong-Soo , Seo Hong Gwan ,   The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries*
Published: March 2023

Purpose The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2020.Materials and Methods Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2020, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2021. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.Results The number of new cancer diagnoses in 2020 decreased by 9,218 cases (3.6%) compared to 2019. In 2020, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 247,952 (age-standardized rate [ASR], 262.2 per 100,000) and 82,204 (ASR, 69.9 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.0% annually from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by nonsignificant changes. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years. The 5-year relative survival between 2016 and 2020 was 71.5%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2.2 million in 2020.Conclusion In 2020, the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients decreased due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, but the overall trend is on the rise. Cancer survival rates have improved over the past decades. As the number of cancer survivors increases, a comprehensive cancer control strategy should be implemented in line with the changing aspects of cancer statistics. The long-term impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on cancer statistics needs to be investigated in the future.
Aluminum Alloy, Discontinuously Reinforced Hot Isostatically Pressed Shapes 6061B/SiC/40p (3 μm) (T1P)
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: March 2023

This specification covers discontinuously reinforced aluminum alloy (DRA) metal matrix composites (MMC) made by mechanical alloying of 6061B aluminum powder and SiC particulate, which is then consolidated by Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) into shapes between 12 to 100 square inches (0.008 to 0.065 m2), inclusive, cross-section. Tensile property response to heat treatment has been demonstrated on samples of 1 square inch (645 mm2) maximum cross section (see 8.9).
Titanium Sheet, Strip, and Plate Commercially Pure Annealed, 25.0 ksi (172 MPa) Yield Strength
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: March 2023

This specification covers one grade (Grade 1) of commercially-pure titanium in the form of sheet, strip, and plate up through a thickness of 1.000 inch (25.40 mm), inclusive.
From Books to Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Kokash Natallia , Romanello Matteo , Suyver Ernest , Colavizza Giovanni
Published: March 2023

The digital transformation of the scientific publishing industry has led to
dramatic improvements in content discoverability and information analytics.
Unfortunately, these improvements have not been uniform across research areas.
The scientific literature in the arts, humanities and social sciences (AHSS)
still lags behind, in part due to the scale of analog backlogs, the persisting
importance of national languages, and a publisher ecosystem made of many, small
or medium enterprises. We propose a bottom-up approach to support publishers in
creating and maintaining their own publication knowledge graphs in the open
domain. We do so by releasing a pipeline able to extract structured information
from the bibliographies and indexes of AHSS publications, disambiguate,
normalize and export it as linked data. We test the proposed pipeline on
Brill's Classics collection, and release an implementation in open source for
further use and improvement.
Fiber to The Home (FTTH) Network Design Using Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) Technology Using Link Power Budget and Rise Time Budget Analysis in Cibeber Village Tasikmalaya
Authors: Ikhwan Nurul , Rubiani Hani , Ghofur Noerlaelly Barorroh Taufik Abdul , Zhu Yang
Published: March 2023

Fiber optic is a transmission medium that can transmit information with large capacity. One of the developments in local fiber access networks is FTTH (Fiber to The Home). The construction of the FTTH network uses Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology so that it can provide broadband services to customers with a wider range. This research was studied by designing FTTH based on GPON technology in Cibeber Village, Manonjaya District. The existing condition of the FTTH network in Cibeber Village is that there are 2 Optical Distribution Points (ODP) for 20 customers with each ODP having 10 subscribers. From the results of the location survey by measuring the distance to each customer, the furthest distance to the customer for the two ODPs was obtained, so that 2 new ODPs were needed for the design. From the design of the new optical network infrastructure, it has been analyzed using the link power budget and rise time budget method based on the customer with the farthest distance before the addition of ODP has a Power Receive sensitivity of -16.631 dBm to -15.631 dBm on the uplink and -16.644 dBm to -15.574 dBm on the downlink, these results are in accordance with the expected standard, which ranges from -8 dBm to -27 dBm. In calculating the value of the rise time budget for customers after the addition of ODP, it has a value of 0.2044 ns to 0.2039 ns on the uplink and 0.2188 ns to 0.21574 ns on the downlink. This value is still below the standard time limit set by PT. Telkom Indonesia 0.56 ns for uplink and 0.292 ns for downlink. So based on this the results of the design are feasible to implement.
Hannah Arendt: Pensar sin barandillas sobre el totalitarismo y banalidad del mal
Authors: Hermida del Llano Cristina
Published: March 2023

Resumen: Hannah Arendt es una de las teóricas políticas más relevantes del siglo XX. Aquí se analizan los aspectos más sobresalientes de su pensamiento filosófico-político al hilo de su itinerario vital. Concretamente, se ahonda en el profundo examen que llevó a cabo la pensadora sobre el totalitarismo, la cuestión judía y el concepto del mal, cuestiones que son indisociables y que no cabe entender si no dentro del contexto histórico-social que le tocó vivir. Ese “pensar sin barandillas”, tratando de comprender el curso de la historia, sin prejuicios ni condicionamientos, convierten su legado en irrenunciable y plenamente actual en el siglo XXI.
Seam Modelling and Reserve Calculation for Lignite Field in Adana-Tufanbeyli (Turkey)
Authors: Toraman Sedat , Şensöğüt2 Cem
Published: March 2023

Since the first investment in mining operations is very high, so, it is absolutely important to model the field inthree dimensions for appropriate planning and cost analysis. The whole data set belonging to the geological, geophysicaland drilling exploration studies carried out in the field should be evaluated as a package. In the modelling phase, thecomputer-aided tri-dimensional mining software has been used instead of the classical reserve calculation methods beingutilized in previous years. Thus, more realistic and shorter results are achieved. In the present work, three-dimensionalseam modelling of the Adana-Tufanbeyli (Turkey) lignite field was carried out. In modelling, the coal horizon of thefield was examined. Then, the sub-seam levels in the horizon were determined and after examining their geometricrelationships with each other, three sub-seams were defined. Seam composites were prepared by the downhole methodto make the analysis results of different sizes uniform. It is possible to make block quality estimations, which will be thebasis for reserve calculations, by creating variograms in different directions. Variograms are first created in the verticaldirection and then in the horizontal direction respectively, to obtain the necessary parameters. The nugget effect andstructural distance parameters were obtained from the created variogram models. To assign quality estimation values onthe block model, the Kriging method was used when the number of data was sufficient, and the inverse distance methodwas applied, when it was insufficient. As a result of this modelling study, a total of 355.617.194 tons of lignite reserveswith an average calorific value of 1.153 Kcal/kg were determined in the field.
Sustainability of Urban Regions and Migration in Pakistan: A GIS Analysis
Authors: Nazeer Munazah , Alam Shaista , Fatima Ambreen
Published: March 2023

The concept of sustainable migration has emerged recently after realizing the potential of migration in framing and altering the social, economic and environmental structures at destination, especially in the context of sustainable development goals (SDGs). An empirical investigation on the link between regional sustainability and sustainable migration is rare in literature, especially in the context of Pakistan’s urban areas. Present study aims at analysing the relationship between the two by geographic information system (GIS) spatially. This study shows that out of thirteen urban regions, hosting above-average migration along with positive in-migration growth, the migration towards nine regions is unsustainable. Two mega cities namely, Karachi and Lahore are included. This highlights the sustainable growth of regions, specifically and the nation generally. Therefore, in the national policy framework, migration policies should appear as an integral part.
Content of vol. 7, 2015, Journal Scientific and Applied Research
Authors:   Content of vol. 7, 2015, Journal Scientific and Applied Research, Boyanov Petar
Published: March 2023

Content of vol. 7, 2015, Journal Scientific and Applied Research
BIONICS IN PLANNING OF HABILITATION FOR CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors:   ATYPICAL PROSTHETIC LABORATORY, RIGA, LATVIA, Dukendjiev Evgeni
Published: March 2023

Assessment of integral deficit of muscular and controlling activity (which needs to be compensated by external energy and information) comes down to defining the difference between biomechanical and neurological activity in health and in disease by com-paring a set of parameters of chronological age in health with the actual child's chronality parameters. The difference between these values creates the aggregate amount of deficit (Î”) followed by the amount of free time (D) and the amount of external energy (Ð•) necessary for habilitation.
INTEGRATED APPROACH TO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES – RESPONSIBILITIES AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL
Authors:   SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS INSTITUTE OF THE VASIL LEVSKI NATIONAL MILITARY UNIVERSITY, 76, BULGARIA BLVD, VELIKO TARNOVO 5000., Georgiev Georgi
Published: March 2023

Considering the large number and variety of factors determining the efficiency and the strategic nature of human resource management in the sector, the publication presents the vision of the need for an integrated approach to the responsibilities of the two basic levels - national and institutional. Using this approach is seen as an opportunity to identify not only the most general framework, but also the new meaning and content of the processes of planning, recruitment, retention, use and discharge of people in the defence sector. This paper presents a vision on the basic responsibilities of the state towards the strategic management of human resources, as a basic process in the defence management.
A MODERN SURVEY ON PROBLEMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION’S SECURITY
Authors:   KONSTANTIN PRESLAVSKY UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN, 9700, SHUMEN, BULGARIA, Hristov Hristo
Published: March 2023

Because of the intensification of the competitive environment, the question about having your own structure for counteractions against threats and encroachments on company security causes little and less rejection, misunderstanding and apprehension. In the current century this activity becomes a common occurrence in the sphere of business organizations. Its regular customer is a private sector that pays more attention to opportunities and more often uses the services of specialized complex unit responsible for counteraction against threats and encroachments on company security. In connection to this the report examines the current problems of business organizations concerning their security supply.
Content of vol. 8, 2015, Journal Scientific and Applied Research
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Bulgaria, Boyanov Petar
Published: March 2023

Content of vol. 8, 2015, Journal Scientific and Applied Research
Financer l’Accord de Paris: Notions fondamentales relatives aux options des gouvernements pour le financement des Contributions nationales déterminées
Authors: Caldwell Molly , Alayza Natalia , Larsen Gaia
Published: March 2023

Bien que les contributions nationales déterminées (CND) soient essentielles dans le cadre des efforts mondiaux visant à limiter le réchauffement climatique à 1,5 °C, ainsi qu’à améliorer la résilience climatique, le financement de la mise en œuvre des CND est actuellement terriblement insuffisant. Ensemble, les gouvernements devront prendre diverses mesures pour mobiliser et lever plusieurs milliers de milliards de dollars de financement en vue des objectifs de CND d’ici 2030. Le présent rapport met en évidence les outils et instruments à la disposition des gouvernements qui cherchent à entreprendre cette tâche.
ANA HATLARIYLA ÇİFT MECLİS SİSTEMİ
Authors: İNCE Abidin Kadir
Published: March 2023

Bir devlet, yasama, yürütme ve yargı olmak üzere üç temel organdan oluşmaktadır. Devlet iktidarının kontrolsüz bir biçimde kullanılmasının engellenebilmesi açısından bu üç organın eşit güçte olması ideal bir durumdur ancak herkes için geçerli kurallar koyması ve üyelerinin halk tarafından seçilmesi dolayısıyla çok güçlü bir kurumsal meşruiyete sahip olması gibi nedenlerden ötürü yasama organı temel devlet organları arasında özel bir yere sahiptir. Yasama organının böylesi büyük bir güce sahip olması ve bu gücün insan hakları açısından potansiyel bir tehdit teşkil etmesi, yasama organının kuruluşuna ilişkin temel esasların neler olması gerektiği sorusuna büyük önem kazandırmaktadır. Bir parlamentonun kaç meclisten oluşması gerektiği de yasama organının kuruluşuna ilişkin söz konusu temel sorunlardan birisidir. Bir parlamentonun onlarca farklı meclisten oluşması teorik olarak mümkünse de dünya genelinde yasama organlarının oluşumuna ilişkin olarak iki temel sistem uygulanmaktadır. Bunlar: parlamentonun tek meclisten oluştuğu tek meclis sistemi ve iki farklı meclisten oluştuğu çift meclis sistemidir. Nitekim, ülkemizde de hem tek meclis hem de çift meclis sistemleri dönem dönem uygulanmıştır. Makalemizde ise çift meclis sistemi ana hatları itibariyle açıklanmış ve konuya ilgi duyanların temel düzeyde bilgi edinebilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Business Development towards Competitive Advantage in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 on MSMEs Guitar Artists in Sukoharjo Regency
Authors:   Departemen Administrasi Bisnis, FISIP, Universitas Diponegoro, BUDIATMO Agung , PURBAWATI Dinalestari ,   Departemen Administrasi Bisnis, FISIP, Universitas Diponegoro, AINUDDIN Ilham ,   Departemen Administrasi Bisnis, FISIP, Universitas Diponegoro
Published: March 2023

Introducing new and updated products is a way for companies to survive in a market. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the important stages in business development and the formulation of business development strategies, analyze the internal and external environment, and plan business development for MSME Guitar Craftsmen in Sukoharjo Regency. The data collection method used in this study was interviews. The data analysis method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed that the SMEs of Guitar Craftsmen in Sukoharjo already have high competitiveness. In order to maximize the development of SMEs , several strategies that can be proposed through the RBV approach are assistance by the Small and Medium Enterprises Cooperative Trade Office of Sukoharjo Regency in branding, copyright, and preparation to penetrate the export market,and strengthening capacity and cohesion with fellow members of the Amanah Cluster in determining the network and negotiating raw material prices with suppliers.
School Management in Creating Effective Schools in the Covid Era at Adyatma Sukodono Lumajang Pharmaceutical Vocational School
Authors:   Postgraduate at Gajayana University Malang, Farhan Djuni , Hadiyati Ernani ,   Postgraduate at Gajayana University Malang, Rahmawati Ely ,   Postgraduate at Gajayana University Malang
Published: March 2023

Efforts to improve human resources have been made maximally by the government, namely by enacting Law number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. This means that legally formal Indonesia has a stronger foothold in implementing education. adequate and competent in their field. One of the educators who have an important role in school management is the principal. The principal has an important role in managing the school administration in order to progress. The role of the principal has two main functions, namely the principal as an educational administrator and as an educational supervisor. The threats or crises that are currently being faced are not necessarily bad for schools. On the contrary, it can motivate schools to be better in the future. For example, many schools have ended up doing digital transformation by using web-based applications to facilitate the learning process, meetings, and managerial coordination when working from home. The biggest challenge is that the current pandemic has made schools change all learning arrangements, including at the Adyatma Lumajang Pharmacy High School. The results obtained from the managerial competition consist of 4 aspects, namely planning, organizing, directing, and monitoring. Aspects of planning obtained 815% high category results, organizing results obtained 730% high category results, guidance obtained 414.12% high category results, and supervision obtained 3568% high category results. It can be said that the school's managerial ability in planning to create an effective school is in accordance with the criteria for an effective school. Namely, the principal plans the vision, mission and goals of the school which are then translated into documented short-term programs, medium-term programs and long-term programs.
Construction of Law Regarding The Role of The Regional Government In Providing Incentives For Micro Businesses Through Equity Crowdfunding
Authors: Sari Shinta Puspita
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The policy complementary to regional investment is governed in Article 278 of Law Number 23 of 2014 and Government Regulation Number 24 of 2019. The availability of incentives and supporting facilities, however, remain to be the problems amidst shrinking regional budgets following the pandemic affecting economic sectors. The Regional Government of Batu City, among others, has perceived this effect and is on its way to reviving micro businesses to back up the local tourism.Purposes of the Research: This research aims to find out and analyze the role of the Regional Government in providing incentives for micro businesses through equity crowdfunding.Methods of the Research: This research employed normative-juridical methods with research data collected from library research and Focus Group Discussion discussed held in the Regional Government of Batu.Results of the Research: The regulatory framework in Batu city regarding micro businesses complies with Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2016, implying that the operation of the Integrated Business Services Center (PLUT) serves as a vital aspect in the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Batu, and this is expected to help develop the MSMEs in the city. The regulation also implies that the local government is responsible for funding MSMEs by providing grants, requesting international funds, giving incentives that ease permit requirements, reducing tariffs imposed on infrastructure and facilities, and other forms of incentive. Existing potentials and opportunities must be used to enhance the capacity of human resources as the facilitators at PLUT in Batu.
Comparative Law on the Authority of the House of Representatives (Indonesia) with the National Parliament (Timor Leste)
Authors: Rumiartha I Nyoman Prabu Buana , Indradewi Anak Agung Sagung Ngurah , Gomes Alarico
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Based on the history of the formation of the state constitutions of Timor Leste and the state of Indonesia, it is interesting to conduct special research on a comparison of the legal powers contained in the constitution of the DPR (Indonesia) and the National Parliament (Timor Leste).Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to explain the legal comparison of the powers granted by the Constitution, in this case the legal comparison of the powers of the House of Representatives (Indonesia) and the National Parliament (Timor Leste).Methods of the Research: This research uses normative research methods and comparative law research methods.Results of the Research: The similarity between the people's representative assembly (Indonesia) and the national parliament (Timor Leste) is that they both have the authority to formulate laws, as well as the similarity of legislative functions, budgetary functions, and oversight functions. The difference lies in the right to elect a general high councilor. In the Indonesian constitution, there is no general ministry high council election. The People's Representative Council does not have the authority to elect and appoint ministers, this is the President's authority as a perrogative right. Meanwhile in Timor Leste, the National Parliament elects the high council of general ministries.
The Effectiveness of Diversion Through Restorative Justice For Handling Children In The East Java Police
Authors: Setyorini Erny Herlin , Kongres Evi , Hailitik Asri Gresmelian Eurike , Zainulla Pandu Satriawan
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Children are the next generation of the nation who must be protected in order to grow up properly. Handling children's cases through the Juvenile Criminal Justice System has devastating impacts on children's futures.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of handling children's cases through diversion in the East Java Regional Police and analyze obstacles to handling children's cases through diversion so that solutions are found to achieve maximum diversion implementation as mandated by the Children's Criminal Justice System Law.Methods of the Research: This type of research is sociolegal research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparison approach, namely Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.Results of the Research: The results showed that of the five police and police in the East Java Regional Police area, it showed that not 50% of the handling of children's cases had been successfully resolved through diversion. The causative factors include the non-achievement of the consent of the victim's child and his family. Therefore, the condition of consent of the victim's child and his family in Article 9 paragraph (2) must be abolished because Article 7 paragraph (2) of Law Number 11 of 2012 does not require the consent of the victim's child and his family. In practice is the main obstacle to achieving diversion, should be eliminated in the best interest of the child in accordance with the principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Legal Certainty in Customary Jurisdictions (Case Study In Muara Batu District, North Aceh)
Authors: Afrizal Teuku Yudi , Saifullah T
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Gampongs or villages in Aceh province are the only village-level government in Indonesia that is given the authority to resolve a number of civil and criminal cases through customary courts in gampongs.Purposes of the Research: This paper examines the legal certainty of customary court decisions in gampongs in the Muara Batu sub-district, North Aceh . The problems resolved in this paper are regarding the legal certainty of customary court decisions in gampongs and the extent to which gampongs in Muara Batu District implement customary justice in gampongs.Methods of the Research: This research is an empirical research. The data were collected from field data through interviews and observations as well as documentary data from legal writings.Results of the Research: The results of the research show that the decisions of the customary courts are binding and final. However, if the parties disagree with the customary court decision and seek legal proceedings, the customary court decision can become written evidence. In Muara Batu sub-district, each gampong has a customary court, but if they are related to minor crimes or jinayat, the gampong apparatus prefers to hand over the case to the authorities, if a peaceful process is not found. Except for cases of immoral khalwat and adultery committed in the gampong, the perpetrators are forced to marry or handed over to law enforcement to be processed according to jinayat law in Aceh.
Weak Protection of Geographical Indication Law For Users of Geographically Indicated Goods or Products
Authors: Nurlani Meirina , Emirzon Joni , Syaifuddin Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Weak protection of geographical indication law owned by users of geographically indicated goods or products cause unfulfilled the rights they deserve. The factors causing it are divided into 2, namely: 1. Weak position owned by users of geographically indicated goods or products. and 2. Weak regulation of law that provide legal protection to users of geographically indicated goods or products.Purposes of the Research: This research aims to analyze and explain factors that cause weak protection of geographical indication law for users of geographically indicated goods or products and also to find out the submission mechanism and procedure of geographical indication infringement lawsuit.Methods of the Research: This study used normative legal research. Research material used primary and secondary legal materials. Data was from library research. Discussion had been collected then processed and analyzed using qualitative approach then at the end of the research, conclusions were drawn using deductive method.Results of the Research: Factors caused weak protection of geographical indication law for geographically indicated users of goods and will provide input for appropriate legal regulations to increase protection of geographical indication law in the future. Furthermore, this also has a positive impact to users of geographically indicated goods and products that they could take legal action against business actors for losses they got in accordance with mechanism and procedure for filling geographical indication infringement lawsuit based on provisions of the applicable law.
DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN THE SHADOW OF CRISIS SITUATIONS OF PAST YEARS
Authors: Boros Anita , Kovács László
Published: March 2023

In the economic sense, the COVID-19 crisis has resulted in a fast-moving, rebounding crisis. In the course of our research, we looked for the answer to what results the pandemic crisis brought about from a public procurement point of view, and what peculiarities can be identified as a result of the current Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the energy crisis. Our basic hypothesis is that the pandemic crisis situation had a less negative impact on the Hungarian public procurement market, however, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the energy crisis result in a much more complex economic situation, so their impact is likely to be more prolonged.
Language Culture and History Towards Building a Khmer Narrative
Authors:   Banaras Hindu University, Bhat Raj Nath
Published: March 2023

Genetic and geological studies reveal that following the melting of snows 22,000 years ago, the post Ice-age Sundaland peoples’ migrations as well as other peoples’ migrations spread the ancestors of the two distinct ethnic groups Austronesian and Austroasiatic to various East and South–East Asian countries. Some of the Austroasiatic groups must have migrated to Northeast India at a later date, and whose descendants are today’s Munda-speaking people of Northeast, East and Southcentral India. Language is the store-house of one’s ancestral knowledge, the community’s history, its skills, customs, rituals and rites, attire and cuisine, sports and games, pleasantries and sorrows, terrain and geography, climate and seasons, family and neighborhoods, greetings and address- forms and so on. Language loss leads to loss of social identity and cultural knowledge, loss of ecological knowledge, and much more. Linguistic hegemony marginalizes and subdues the mother-tongues of the peripheral groups of a society, thereby the community’s narratives, histories, skills etc. are erased from their memories, and fabricated narratives are created to replace them. Each social-group has its own norms of extending respect to a hearer, and a stranger. Similarly there are social rules of expressing grief, condoling, consoling, mourning and so on. The emergence of nation-states after the 2nd World War has made it imperative for every social group to build an authentic, indigenous narrative with intellectual rigour to sustain itself politically and ideologically and progress forward peacefully. The present essay will attempt to introduce variants of linguistic-anthropology practiced in the West, and their genesis and importance for the Asian speech communities. An attempt shall be made to outline a Khymer narrative with inputs from Khymer History, Art and Architecture, Agriculture and Language, for the scholars to take into account, for putting Cambodia on the path to peace, progress and development.
Temporal Concepts and Formulations of Time in Tibeto-Burman Languages
Authors:   University of British Columbia, Turin Mark , Chung Benjamin ,   First Peoples’ Cultural Council
Published: March 2023

As a vast and diverse linguistic grouping, Tibeto-Burman languages vary in their usage of time constructs, both morphologically and semantically. Even between genetically related languages within the Tibeto-Burman language family, approaches to elements such as suffixation vary widely, while vocabulary from Indo-Aryan and distantly related Sinitic languages is differently incorporated and borrowed. In this article, we identify trends that only become apparent through the process of data collation and the careful comparison of numerous grammatical sketches and dictionaries. We further expand this rich, if understudied, area through the incorporation of original fieldwork data from the Thangmi/Thami-speaking communities of Nepal undertaken by one of the co-authors, and supplemented by the researcher’s residence in the Himalayan region from 1996 to 2009. The literature review and linguistic scope of this survey includes multiple grammars of languages spoken across the Greater Himalayan region, with specific emphasis on the Rāī-Kiranti sub-branch of languages autochthonous to eastern Nepal. In our comparative analysis, we focus on apparent cognates and shared paradigms with an emphasis on systems of segmental time measurement (e.g. ‘two days hence,’ ‘this year’) rather than on relative ones (e.g. ‘now,’ ‘then’). Through this compilation, the relationship between Tibeto-Burman languages and their often-dominant regional Indo-Aryan counterparts becomes more visible, mediated by a better understanding of the shared yet conflicting epistemological, astrological, and organizational views of time held by the communities who speak Tibeto-Burman languages. Features of note include the assimilation of Chinese and Indian religious and spiritual systems, as well as imported vocabulary that does not always replace—but is in fact sometimes incorporated into—the lexicon of a given language by the speech community. It is our observation that in Tibeto-Burman languages, Indigenous concepts, categories and classifications of time are usually grammatically encoded in adverbial forms, while the influential Indo-Aryan languages of the region mostly make use of nominal morphology in order to express temporal concepts. In addition, reflexes of Proto-Tibeto-Burman (hereafter PTB) nouns are still evident across the language family. To conclude, we position this survey as a comparative and analytical contribution which focuses attention on the region’s rich linguistic variation and the importance of rigorous documentation, conservation and revitalisation programs for Indigenous languages of the Tibeto-Burman family, as the communities who speak these languages continue to grapple with severe socio-political challenges and face the hegemonic pressures of linguistic assimilation.
BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CHAENOMELES JAPONICA FRUITS (CHAENOMELES JAPONICA (THUNB.) LINDL. EX SPACH) IN THE CONDITIONS OF BELARUS
Authors: PIGUL M. L. , SHALKEVICH M. S. , OSTAPCHUK I. N.
Published: March 2023

The article presents the results of a comparative evaluation of five promising hybrids of Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach (2-44-05, 3-27-05, 5-50-03, 1-64-05, 3-17-05), identified according to a complex of commercially valuable traits (winter hardiness, yield, fruit weight, low thorniness, resistance to fruit rot), and Likhtar variety in the conditions of Belarus. Significant differences have been found in terms of the amount of substances accumulated in fruits. The samples were characterized by low and very low levels of solids and sugars in combination with high acidity, with the exception of the Likhtar variety and hybrid 3-17-05, that show an average level, as well as a very low content of ascorbic acid. Hybrid 3-17-05 has been singled out according to a set of 6 indicators (solids, soluble solids, sugars, titrate acidity, sugaracid ratio, phenolic compounds); hybrid 3-27-055 – according to a set of 5 indicators (solids, soluble solids, sugars, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds). Hybrids 3-27-05 and 5-50-03 were the best in terms of the complex of biologically active substances (ascorbic acid, pectin and phenolic compounds).
An Assessment of Building Energy Consumption Characteristics Using Analytical Energy and Carbon Footprint Assessment Model
Authors: Usman Abdullahi Mohammed , Abdullah Mohammad Kamil
Published: March 2023

The study aims at developing an analytical assessment model for use in assessing building energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emission characteristics. The methodology includes selecting appropriate indicators, tool development and description, indicators description, energy and carbon characteristics assessment, and performance evaluation. The characteristics measured are renewable energy adoption (REA), overall and roof thermal transfer values (OTTV), (RTTV) and (U-value), natural ventilation and daylighting access (NVA) and (NDA), thermal comfort index (TCI) and daylighting access factor (DAF). Operational characteristics indexes are building energy and carbon indexes (BEIx) and (BECIx), energy and carbon reduction indexes (BERI) and (BECRI), energy and carbon intensities (BEIy) and (BECIy), and billing cost reduction (BCR). Four faculty buildings and a library building were assessed and tagged as case studies A, B, C, D, and E. The case studies assessed have BEI of 79.85, 131.37, 60.21, 161.47, and 63.86 kWh/m2/year and BECI of 55, 91, 42, 112, and 44 kg.CO2e/m2/year respectively. These values lead to BERI and BECRI of 22, 16, 27, 16, and 36% respectively. From these results it can be seen that case studies A, C and E have the lowest BEI of 80, 60, and 64 kWh/m2/year and the highest BERI and BECRI of 22, 27, and 36% respectively. These give them a higher billing cost reduction of 36%, greater than 80 points, and excellent practice performance. The tool provides all the project-level design and operational considerations, emission reduction strategy, and estimation. The ability of the tool to assess the case study buildings makes it suitable for adoption by organizations and governments for accounting and monitoring energy usage and GHG emission associated with building life cycle activities. The study shows that utilizing appropriate strategies and practice on building design and operation respectively improves building energy usage.
 
Received: 14 November 2022 | Revised: 4 March 2023 | Accepted: 6 March 2023 
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Comparison of Early Outcome of the Close and Open Technique for the Treatment of Distal Femur Fractures
Authors: Fahad Nawaz Khan  , Ali Shami  , Muhammad Hanif  , Yasir Farhan  , Yasir Habib  , Badar Munir
Published: March 2023

Objective: To compare the effects of closed and open techniques with its associated complications used for the management of distal femoral fracture in younger to older populations.
Methodology: This was a case series study conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad from Sept 2018- March 2019. A total of 66 adult patients were stratified according to treatment technique; closed technique group and open technique group with 33 patients in each group between age 18 - 65 years with fractured close distal 1/3rd shaft of femur distal femur fractures based on AO/OTA classification were included in the study. The Chi-square test was applied to contrast outcomes of closed and open technique and HSS score categories in both procedures.
Results: The study findings showed that the mean age of the patient was slightly greater in the open technique group (41.5 + 23.5 years) compared to the closed technique (29.8 + 11.8 years). Most of the patients had type A femur fracture. The postoperative mean HSS knee score was 70.1 + 15.1 in the open technique group compared to 74.5 + 12.5 in the closed technique group with an insignificant difference between the two means (p<0.949). An insignificant difference was observed in postoperative infection, non-union, and implant failure between both groups.
Conclusion: This study concluded that superior outcomes such as bony union without infection were achieved in patients with femur fractures treated with closed technique as compared to open technique, although the findings were statistically insignificant. Moreover, the functional outcome of the knee joint was also distinctly improved in the closed technique.
Keywords: Â Distal femur fracture, retrograde intramedullary femoral nail, locking compression plate, complications