bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die zukünftige Sicherstellung der hausärztlichen Versorgung aus
kommunaler Perspektive
Authors: Schillen Philip , in der Schmitten Jürgen , Bolland Johanna , Borchardt Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund Die Gewährleistung eines wohnortnahen Zugangs zur
(haus-)ärztlichen Versorgung erhält in Anbetracht des fortschreitenden
Hausärztemangels auch für die Kommunen eine immer größer werdende Bedeutung. Das
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, die Perspektive der Kommunen in
Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) auf die gegenwärtige und zukünftige Sicherstellung der
hausärztlichen Versorgung zu eruieren und daraus Hinweise für die zukünftige
gesundheitspolitische Ausgestaltung einer wohnortnahen, bedarfsgerechten
Primärversorgung abzuleiten.

Methodik In einer Online-Umfrage im Frühjahr 2023 wurden in Kooperation
mit dem Städte- und Gemeindebund NRW, dem Landkreistag NRW sowie dem Städtetag
NRW die Bürgermeister*innen bzw. Gesundheitsdezernent*innen aller 427 Kommunen
(396 Städte und Gemeinden, 31 Kreise) in NRW zu ihrer kommunalen Perspektive auf
die (künftige) hausärztliche Versorgung befragt. Die Fragebogen-Items (n=28)
wurden in Anlehnung an zwei Erhebungen zur ärztlichen Versorgung in
Niedersachsen und in Baden-Württemberg, mit jeweils kommunalpolitischer
Zielgruppe, entwickelt und in wiederholten Pretests optimiert.

Ergebnisse An der Befragung nahmen 192 Kommunen teil (Rücklauf: 45,0%).
Die Mehrheit der Kommunen (86,6%) schätzt die Versorgung vor Ort in den nächsten
10 Jahren als (eher) nicht sichergestellt ein. Die Kommunen äußern den Wunsch
nach mehr eigenen Einflussmöglichkeiten (79,5% ja bzw. eher ja). Gleichzeitig
erachten sie ein stärkeres Engagement, insbesondere der Kassenärztlichen
Vereinigungen (85,4%), sowie eine Intensivierung landespolitischer
Verantwortungsübernahme (72,4%) für die Sicherstellung der Versorgung als
notwendig.

Schlussfolgerung Die Befragung verdeutlicht ein großes Problembewusstsein
der kommunalen Ebene für zukünftige hausärztliche Versorgungsdefizite vor Ort.
Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Kommunen angesichts zunehmender
Versorgungsenpässe die Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen sowie das Land in der
Pflicht sehen und künftig stärkeren politischen Druck ausüben werden. Die
kommunale Perspektive ist ein wesentlicher Baustein bei den Überlegungen, wie in
Zukunft die hausärztliche Versorgung sichergestellt werden kann. Die Kommunen
sollten daher von den verantwortlichen Akteuren stärker als bislang in die
Planungen und Maßnahmen zur Sicherung der hausärztlichen Versorgung einbezogen
werden.
Volumetric Analysis of a Novel Chimeric Gracilis and Profunda Artery Perforator Flap
Authors: Van Spronsen Nicole R. , Hammond Jacob B. , Plonkowski Alexander T. , Jokerst Clint E. , Flug Jonathan A. , Shrout Max A. , Reece Edward M. , Casey William J. , Rebecca Alanna M.
Published: May 2024

Background The presence of a chimeric gracilis and profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap with a common arterial pedicle has been demonstrated on computed tomography angiography in up to 59% of patients and confirmed in a cadaveric model. Already utilized for head and neck reconstruction by Heredero et al, this novel flap could provide more volume than either flap alone which is advantageous, particularly in patients with sizable defects. The purpose of this study was to determine the average tissue volume that can be utilized from this chimeric flap.

Methods CT Angiogram imaging studies exhibiting chimeric flap anatomy were reviewed over a 7-year period at a single institution utilizing Visage Version 7.1, a radiology picture archiving and communication system. This software was used to trace the flap pedicles and to capture estimated soft tissue volumes of each respective flap.

Results A total of 31 patients, consisting of 52 lower extremity gracilis and PAP chimeric flaps, underwent tissue volume analysis. The average total volume of soft tissue supplied by the gracilis flap was found to be 70.21 cm3 (standard deviation [SD] = 26.99). The average volume of the PAP flap was 31.73 cm3 (SD = 26.12). The average total volume captured by the chimeric gracilis and PAP flap was 101.94 cm3 (SD = 62.40).

Conclusion The potential soft tissue volume that can be harvested from a chimeric gracilis and PAP flap is significantly greater than solitary gracilis or PAP flaps. This chimeric flap may serve as a viable and advantageous reconstructive option for patients requiring large volume soft tissue coverage, particularly if other sizable options are not available.
Vestibular Rehabilitation of Patient with Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration: A Case Report
Authors: Yin Miaomiao , Cui Liling , Zhang Yue
Published: May 2024

Background Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare disorder that typically develops in the weeks to months following a structural brainstem or cerebellar lesion in the Guillain-Mollaret triangle (GMT). Clinically, patients with HOD present with palatal myoclonus and nystagmus, which are difficult to treat and rarely resolve.
Purpose The purpose of this case is to present the results of vestibular and balance assessments of a patient with bilateral HOD before and after vestibular rehabilitation.
Methods This case report describes a 43-year-old trucker who presented with dizziness, blurred vision, and balance problems for more than 10 months, accompanied by new-onset tremors and ataxia for more than 6 months. The patient's characteristic clinical manifestations were palatal myoclonus and nystagmus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral HOD after an acute pontine hemorrhage. Comprehensive vestibular and balance assessments were performed.
Results Vestibular and balance assessments demonstrated nystagmus, impaired vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), optokinetic reflex (OKR), and balance function. Following 4 months of vestibular rehabilitation, the patient's eye symptoms and balance function were improved.
Conclusions The case presented here highlights the rare clinical manifestations of HOD after pontine hemorrhage. Vestibular rehabilitation training may be beneficial for the recovery of patients with HOD.
Multigram Synthesis of 4,4-Disubstituted 3-Oxopyrrolidones: Efficient Starting Materials for Diverse 3-Functionalized Pyrrolidones
Authors: Ryabukhin Serhiy V. , Bondarenko Semen S. , Fedorchenko Anatolii M. , Novosolov Pavlo O. , Marchenko Oleksandr V. , Hanopolskyi Anton I. , Volovenko Yulian M. , Volochnyuk Dmytro M.
Published: May 2024

The practical, rapid development of chemical leads for drug discovery depends strongly on scalable building block synthesis procedures. N-Heterocyclic moieties, especially unsaturated ones, remain essential tools in the hands of screening and medicinal chemists. Here, we report four novel chemical block families and the interconversions between them. The synthesis of 4,4-disubstituted 3-oxopyrrolidones was an essential milestone in the diversity-oriented production of 3-aminopyrrolidones, 3-hydroxypyrrolidones, and 3,3′-difluoropyrrolidines. These compounds can be functionalized with conformationally flexible spirocyclic substituents. We developed a multigram procedure to access 4,4-disubstituted 3-oxopyrrolidones from commercially accessible and cost-saving reagents via a short three-step procedure. Here, we report the robust conversion of 3-oxopyrrolidones into 3-aminopyrrolidones, 3,3′-difluoropyrrolidones, and 3-hydroxypyrrolidones, involving a minimal number of steps. We demonstrate the scope and limitations and further perspectives for such synthetic approaches.
Recent advances of phase transition and ferroelectric device in two-dimensional In2Se3
Authors: Han Wei , Wang Zhen , Guan Shuang , Wei Jiayun , Jiang Yunrui , Zeng Longhui , Shen Liangping , Yang Daohong , Wang Hao
Published: May 2024

The coupling of ferroelectric, photoelectric, semiconducting, and phase transition properties make two-dimensional (2D) In2Se3 a material platform with great application potential in the phase change memory, intelligent sensing, and in-memory computing devices. However, at present, there are unclear phase transition mechanisms and ferroelectric dynamics in 2D In2Se3, which seriously hinder the development of device applications. In this review, we mainly highlight the phase transition mechanisms and ferroelectric devices of In2Se3 beginning with the history of bulk In2Se3 and of 2D In2Se3. The phase transition relations of the four In2Se3 phases, including α-, β-, β′-, and γ-phases, under various driving forces, are summarized. The different driving forces, including temperature, laser, electric-field, vacancy, doping, and strain, are introduced and discussed. Moreover, the phase-control growth of 2D In2Se3 films and their novel ferroelectric device applications are demonstrated. Finally, a perspective on future research directions of 2D In2Se3 is provided.
Negative-energy longitudinal wave instability in the interaction of relativistic electron beam with ultra-relativistic hot plasma
Authors: Ghaderinasab S. , Khorashadizadeh S. M. , Fallah R. , Niknam A. R.
Published: May 2024

The investigation of waves and instabilities in ultra-relativistic charged particle beam–plasma systems is considerable for a wide class of astrophysical environments. Hence, in this study, using relativistic kinetic plasma theory and Lorentz transformations, we study the interaction of a relativistic electron beam with an ultra-relativistic hot plasma. First, we obtain the dispersion relation of fast and slow longitudinal waves and consequently the growth rate of the slow wave (negative-energy wave) instability. Then, we plot the instability growth rate in terms of different physical parameters, such as the Lorentz factor, the electron beam density, the thermal velocity of electrons, and the temperature of the beam particles, and discuss them further. Our results in the ultra-relativistic regime show that the growth rate of instability decreases by increasing the Lorentz factor and thermal velocity of particles, while the beam density enhances the growth rate of instability. Moreover, a comparison with the results obtained from previous studies shows that the growth rate of instability in the cold electron beam–cold plasma interaction is higher than the instability growth rate in the case of the relativistic electron beam and ultra-relativistic hot plasma.
Tutorial: AI-assisted exploration and active design of polymers with high intrinsic thermal conductivity
Authors: Huang Xiang , Ju Shenghong
Published: May 2024

Designing polymers with high intrinsic thermal conductivity (TC) is critically important for the thermal management of organic electronics and photonics. However, this is a challenging task owing to the diversity of the chemical space and the barriers to advanced synthetic experiments/characterization techniques for polymers. In this Tutorial, the fundamentals and implementation of combining classical molecular dynamics simulation and machine learning (ML) for the development of polymers with high TC are comprehensively introduced. We begin by describing the core components of a universal ML framework, involving polymer data sets, property calculators, feature engineering, and informatics algorithms. Then, the process of constructing interpretable regression algorithms for TC prediction is introduced, aiming to extract the underlying relationships between microstructures and TCs for polymers. We also explore the design of sequence-ordered polymers with high TC using lightweight and mainstream active learning algorithms. Lastly, we conclude by addressing the current limitations and suggesting potential avenues for future research on this topic.
Micromagnetic simulations for local phase control of propagating spin waves through voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Petrillo Adrien. A. D. , Fattouhi Mouad , Di Pietro Adriano , Alerany Solé Marta , Lopez-Diaz Luis , Durin Gianfranco , Koopmans Bert , Lavrijsen Reinoud
Published: May 2024

Spin waves, known for their ability to propagate without the involvement of moving charges, hold immense promise for on-chip information transfer and processing, offering a path toward post-CMOS computing technologies. This study investigates the potential synergy between propagating Damon–Eshbach spin waves and voltage-controlled magnetization in the pursuit of environmentally sustainable computing solutions. Employing micromagnetic simulations, we assess the feasibility of utilizing spin waves in DE mode in conjunction with localized voltage-induced alterations in surface anisotropy to enable low-energy logic operations. Our findings underscore the critical importance of selecting an optimal excitation frequency and gate width, which significantly influence the efficiency of the phase shift induced in propagating spin waves. Notably, we demonstrate that a realistic phase shift of 2.5 [π mrad] can be achieved at a Co(5 nm)/MgO material system via the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect. Moreover, by tuning the excitation frequency, Co layer thickness, gate width, and carefully selecting the dielectric layer, we extrapolate the potential to enhance the phase shift by a factor of 200 when compared to MgO dielectrics. This research contributes valuable insights toward developing next-generation computing technologies with reduced energy consumption.
Experimental investigation of electrostatic capture of 1+ ions in charge breeder electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma
Authors: Tarvainen O. , Angot J. , Chauveau P. , Galatà A. , Thuillier T.
Published: May 2024

We present comprehensive experimental data demonstrating that the capture process of the 1+ ions in charge breeder electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) is dominated by electrostatic deceleration by the ambipolar plasma potential, not by cumulative small-angle scattering of the incident ions in ion–ion collisions as postulated previously. To achieve this we varied the plasma potential of an ECRIS charge breeder by adjusting the microwave power applied to sustain the helium discharge and measured the corresponding shift in the optimum injection energy of the 1+ ions. The experiment was repeated with sodium, potassium, and cesium ions. It is shown that the optimum injection energy does not depend on the incident ion mass, which contradicts the collisional drag model. Conversely, the optimum injection energy (in eV) shifts in unison with the plasma potential (in V), which provides strong evidence for the electrostatic deceleration hypothesis.
Single layer broadband spectrally selective SiON coatings for passive radiative cooling
Authors: Raza Aikifa , Alketbi Afra S. , Askar Khalid , Zhang TieJun
Published: May 2024

Engineering the spectral response of materials in infrared (IR) wavelength range can enable effective radiative cooling. Current configurations of IR emitters usually adopt complicated photonic designs and engineered structures because pure/singular materials such as dielectrics and polymers can hardly realize broadband and spectrally selective emissivity simultaneously. Herein, we propose single-layer silicon oxynitride (SiON) coatings with visible transparency and outstanding broadband spectral emissivity of 0.8–0.9 in the wavelength range of 8–14 μm. The single layered composite coating has a thickness below 2 μm, and its mid-IR broadband absorption characteristics can be tuned by adjusting the chemical intermixing of SiO2 and SiN as well as proportion of the Si–O and Si–N bonds during the physical and chemical vapor deposition processes, respectively. When deposited on solar reflective substrate, the composite coating with highest selective emissivity of 0.9 shows a promising net cooling power of ≥ 120 W m−2, when the ambient temperature is 27 °C. In an outdoor experiment, the selective emitter exhibits 4.5–5 °C lower temperature when compared to the ambient temperature inside the chamber, thus achieving the sub-ambient daytime cooling. Therefore, absorption bandwidth extension of single material provides a feasible cooling solution for many applications, including solar cells, and building and automobile windows.
Quantum oscillations and electronic features in V1−
δ
Sb2 single crystals
Authors: Tang F. , Qu B.-C. , Chen Y. , Wang L.-R. , Yin X.-Q. , Han Z.-D. , Liu Y. , Zhang X.-M. , Li B. , Fang Y.
Published: May 2024

Nonsymmorphic compounds have attracted much interest owing to their potential nontrivial electronic states. Here, we grew V1−δSb2 single crystal with a nonsymmorphic space group I4/mcm and studied their de Haas–van Alphen oscillations. Orientation-dependent magnetization showed quantum oscillations, allowing determination of the three-dimensional Fermi surface and Berry phase. Our theoretical calculation implied that VSb2's band structures manifest flat bands along the Γ–X path, Dirac band crossings near the P and N points, and in the Γ–Z direction, and nontrivial surface states along the Γ¯–Z¯ line. However, the inconsistencies in observed and calculated quantum oscillation frequencies suggest that VSb2's band structures cannot nicely account for these electronic properties of our samples. This study reveals the profound impact of V vacancies on VSb2's electronic states, implying the possible topological quantum phase transition via defect engineering.
Spreading and migration characteristics of impacting droplets on hybrid-wettability surfaces
Authors: Kumar Ajit , Kumar Piyush , Pathak Manabendra
Published: May 2024

Surface wettability influences the droplet impact characteristics, especially for a droplet impacting with low inertia. The present work reports an experimental investigation of droplet impact on homogeneous and heterogeneous wettability surfaces for different Weber numbers. Droplet impact characteristics on surfaces with three homogeneous surface wettabilities, i.e., hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and superhydrophobic, and two heterogeneous surface wettabilities, i.e., hydrophilic–hydrophobic and hydrophilic–superhydrophobic, have been analyzed. The symmetric deposition, spreading, and recoiling on homogeneous surfaces are affected by the surface wettability gradient across the droplet on heterogeneous surfaces resulting in asymmetric behavior. Furthermore, hybrid wettability surfaces suppress the partial rebound, complete rebound, and complete rebound with droplet breakup observed in the homogeneous hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. The initial inertia force of the droplet significantly affects the asymmetric and droplet migration behavior. The average recoiling velocity of the droplet increases with the inertia of the droplet. The rate of increase in droplet migration is maximum for a Weber number of 12 for both surfaces with hybrid wettability. The analysis of asymmetric spreading and migration of impacting droplets on heterogeneous surfaces is important in enormous applications, such as microfluidic devices, self-transport of liquid, and water harvesting.
Data assimilation method and application of shear stress transport turbulence model for complex separation of internal shock boundary layer flow
Authors: Liang Shuang , Guo Mingming , Yi Miaorong , Tian Ye , Song Wenyan , Le Jialing
Published: May 2024

Traditional turbulence models suffer from low accuracy and weak applicability when predicting complex separated flows, such as those that occur in shock boundary layers. To overcome this problem, the present paper considers a cavity-ramp structure and calibrates the turbulence model parameters using a deep neural network (DNN) surrogate model and a genetic algorithm (GA). The non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion method is used to quantify the uncertainty of the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model parameters and determine the effects of these parameters on the wall pressure, allowing suitable feature identification parameters to be selected for the DNN turbulence surrogate model. The DNN is compared with the traditional polynomial chaos expansion method, and the results highlight the advantages of using the DNN method to construct the surrogate model. Finally, a GA is used to optimize and calibrate the SST turbulence model parameters based on the surrogate model and experimental data. Experimental results show that the DNN turbulence surrogate model is highly accurate, with the predicted wall pressure, achieving a coefficient of determination above 0.998. The DNN has higher precision, stronger feature extraction ability, and faster prediction times than the traditional polynomial chaos expansion method. The calibrated SST turbulence model produces wall pressures that are close to the experimental data, verifying the feasibility of the proposed method. It is expected that the approach proposed in this paper will improve the calculation accuracy of the SST turbulence model.
Big talk, little action: the enduring narrative of primary care reform
Authors: Jackson AM Claire
Published: May 2024

What is known about the topic? Governments acknowledge that current health arrangements are unsustainable, and a better resourced, integrated, and connected primary care system is central to the future. What does this paper add? This paper calls out the most significant barriers to implementing the required national reform and poses potential solutions in addressing them. What are the implications for practitioners? Without action, we will see increased system cost, and decreased service access and quality for Australian communities.
Introduction to the special issue of The Natural History of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Western Australia
Authors: Hopkins A. J. M. , Smith G. T. , Saunders D. A.
Published: May 2024

Context This paper introduces the special issue of Pacific Conservation Biology devoted to the natural history of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve on the south coast of Western Australia. Methods This paper provides the background to the special issue. Key results Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve was gazetted in 1967 for the conservation of the native biota, including two species; the Djimaalap/noisy scrub-bird (Atrichornis clamosus) and Ngilgaitch/Gilbert’s potoroo (Potorous gilbertii), both believed extinct for over 100 years before being rediscovered on the Reserve. The Reserve is 4774.7 ha in area, with wetlands, heathlands, granite outcrops, sand dunes, beaches, cliffs, and islands. Since it was established, mean annual rainfall has decreased by 16.8%, mean annual maximum temperature has increased by 0.2°C, and mean annual minimum temperature has increased by 0.7°C. Conclusions The paper poses the question: what do the changes of drier winters, hotter summers, and more extreme weather events mean for managers of conservation areas such as Two Peoples Bay? Implications Changing climate will pose problems for the managers of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve in ensuring the conservation of the Djimaalap/noisy scrub-bird and Ngilgaitch/Gilbert’s potoroo.
A high-fat diet promotes cancer progression by inducing gut microbiota–mediated leucine production and PMN-MDSC differentiation
Authors: Chen Jiewen , Liu Xiyuan , Zou Yi , Gong Junli , Ge Zhenhuang , Lin Xiaorong , Zhang Wei , Huang Hongyan , Zhao Jianli , Saw Phei Er , Lu Yongjun , Hu Hai , Song Erwei
Published: May 2024

A high-fat diet (HFD) is a high-risk factor for the malignant progression of cancers through the disruption of the intestinal microbiota. However, the role of the HFD-related gut microbiota in cancer development remains unclear. This study found that obesity and obesity-related gut microbiota were associated with poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological status in female patients with breast cancer. To investigate the impact of HFD-associated gut microbiota on cancer progression, we established various models, including HFD feeding, fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic feeding, and bacterial gavage, in tumor-bearing mice. HFD-related microbiota promotes cancer progression by generating polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). Mechanistically, the HFD microbiota released abundant leucine, which activated the mTORC1 signaling pathway in myeloid progenitors for PMN-MDSC differentiation. Clinically, the elevated leucine level in the peripheral blood induced by the HFD microbiota was correlated with abundant tumoral PMN-MDSC infiltration and poor clinical outcomes in female patients with breast cancer. These findings revealed that the “gut–bone marrow–tumor” axis is involved in HFD-mediated cancer progression and opens a broad avenue for anticancer therapeutic strategies by targeting the aberrant metabolism of the gut microbiota.
Temporal dynamics of coordinated online behavior: Stability, archetypes, and influence
Authors: Tardelli Serena , Nizzoli Leonardo , Tesconi Maurizio , Conti Mauro , Nakov Preslav , Da San Martino Giovanni , Cresci Stefano
Published: May 2024

Large-scale online campaigns, malicious or otherwise, require a significant degree of coordination among participants, which sparked interest in the study ofcoordinated online behavior. State-of-the-art methods for detecting coordinated behavior performstaticanalyses, disregarding the temporal dynamics of coordination. Here, we carry out adynamicanalysis of coordinated behavior. To reach our goal, we build a multiplex temporal network and we perform dynamic community detection to identify groups of users that exhibited coordinated behaviors in time. We find that i) coordinated communities (CCs) feature variable degrees of temporal instability; ii) dynamic analyses are needed to account for such instability, and results of static analyses can be unreliable and scarcely representative of unstable communities; iii) some users exhibit distinct archetypal behaviors that have important practical implications; iv) content and network characteristics contribute to explaining why users leave and join CCs. Our results demonstrate the advantages of dynamic analyses and open up new directions of research on the unfolding of online debates, on the strategies of CCs, and on the patterns of online influence.
Large enrichments in fatty acid
2
H/
1
H ratios distinguish respiration from aerobic fermentation in yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Maloney Ashley E. , Kopf Sebastian H. , Zhang Zhaoyue , McFarlin Jamie , Nelson Daniel B. , Masterson Andrew L. , Zhang Xinning
Published: May 2024

Shifts in the hydrogen stable isotopic composition (
2
H/
1
H ratio) of lipids relative to water (lipid/water
2
H-fractionation) at natural abundances reflect different sources of the central cellular reductant, NADPH, in bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that lipid/water
2
H-fractionation (
2
ε
fattyacid/water
) can also constrain the relative importance of key NADPH pathways in eukaryotes. We used the metabolically flexible yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
a microbial model for respiratory and fermentative metabolism in industry and medicine, to investigate
2
ε
fattyacid/water
. In chemostats, fatty acids from glycerol-respiring cells were >550‰
2
H-enriched compared to those from cells aerobically fermenting sugars via overflow metabolism, a hallmark feature in cancer. Faster growth decreased
2
H/
1
H ratios, particularly in glycerol-respiring cells by 200‰. Variations in the activities and kinetic isotope effects among NADP
+
-reducing enzymes indicate cytosolic NADPH supply as the primary control on
2
ε
fattyacid/water
. Contributions of cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase (cIDH) to NAPDH production drive large
2
H-enrichments with substrate metabolism (cIDH is absent during fermentation but contributes up to 20 percent NAPDH during respiration) and slower growth on glycerol (11 percent more NADPH from cIDH). Shifts in NADPH demand associated with cellular lipid abundance explain smaller
2
ε
fattyacid/water
variations (<30‰) with growth rate during fermentation. Consistent with these results, tests of murine liver cells had
2
H-enriched lipids from slower-growing, healthy respiring cells relative to fast-growing, fermenting hepatocellular carcinoma. Our findings point to the broad potential of lipid
2
H/
1
H ratios as a passive natural tracker of eukaryotic metabolism with applications to distinguish health and disease, complementing studies that rely on complex isotope-tracer addition methods.
Nonlethal deleterious mutation–induced stress accelerates bacterial aging
Authors: Kohram Maryam , Sanderson Amy E. , Loui Alicia , Thompson Peyton V. , Vashistha Harsh , Shomar Aseel , Oltvai Zoltán N. , Salman Hanna
Published: May 2024

Random mutagenesis, including when it leads to loss of gene function, is a key mechanism enabling microorganisms’ long-term adaptation to new environments. However, loss-of-function mutations are often deleterious, triggering, in turn, cellular stress and complex homeostatic stress responses, called “allostasis,” to promote cell survival. Here, we characterize the differential impacts of 65 nonlethal, deleterious single-gene deletions on
Escherichia coli
growth in three different growth environments. Further assessments of select mutants, namely, those bearing single adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase subunit deletions, reveal that mutants display reorganized transcriptome profiles that reflect both the environment and the specific gene deletion. We also find that ATP synthase α-subunit deleted (
ΔatpA
) cells exhibit elevated metabolic rates while having slower growth compared to wild-type (wt)
E. coli
cells. At the single-cell level, compared to wt cells, individual
ΔatpA
cells display near normal proliferation profiles but enter a postreplicative state earlier and exhibit a distinct senescence phenotype. These results highlight the complex interplay between genomic diversity, adaptation, and stress response and uncover an “aging cost” to individual bacterial cells for maintaining population-level resilience to environmental and genetic stress; they also suggest potential bacteriostatic antibiotic targets and -as select human genetic diseases display highly similar phenotypes, - a bacterial origin of some human diseases.
Three-dimensional architecture of ESCRT-III flat spirals on the membrane
Authors: Liu Mingdong , Liu Yunhui , Song Tiefeng , Yang Liuyan , Qi Lei , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Wang Yong , Shen Qing-Tao
Published: May 2024

The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are responsible for membrane remodeling in many cellular processes, such as multivesicular body biogenesis, viral budding, and cytokinetic abscission. ESCRT-III, the most abundant ESCRT subunit, assembles into flat spirals as the primed state, essential to initiate membrane invagination. However, the three-dimensional architecture of ESCRT-III flat spirals remained vague for decades due to highly curved filaments with a small diameter and a single preferred orientation on the membrane. Here, we unveiled that yeast Snf7, a component of ESCRT-III, forms flat spirals on the lipid monolayers using cryogenic electron microscopy. We developed a geometry-constrained Euler angle–assigned reconstruction strategy and obtained moderate-resolution structures of Snf7 flat spirals with varying curvatures. Our analyses showed that Snf7 subunits recline on the membrane with N-terminal motifs α0 as anchors, adopt an open state with fused α2/3 helices, and bend α2/3 gradually from the outer to inner parts of flat spirals. In all, we provide the orientation and conformations of ESCRT-III flat spirals on the membrane and unveil the underlying assembly mechanism, which will serve as the initial step in understanding how ESCRTs drive membrane abscission.
Modular multi-degree-of-freedom soft origami robots with reprogrammable electrothermal actuation
Authors: Wu Shuang , Zhao Tuo , Zhu Yong , Paulino Glaucio H.
Published: May 2024

Soft robots often draw inspiration from nature to navigate different environments. Although the inching motion and crawling motion of caterpillars have been widely studied in the design of soft robots, the steering motion with local bending control remains challenging. To address this challenge, we explore modular origami units which constitute building blocks for mimicking the segmented caterpillar body. Based on this concept, we report a modular soft Kresling origami crawling robot enabled by electrothermal actuation. A compact and lightweight Kresling structure is designed, fabricated, and characterized with integrated thermal bimorph actuators consisting of liquid crystal elastomer and polyimide layers. With the modular design and reprogrammable actuation, a multiunit caterpillar-inspired soft robot composed of both active units and passive units is developed for bidirectional locomotion and steering locomotion with precise curvature control. We demonstrate the modular design of the Kresling origami robot with an active robotic module picking up cargo and assembling with another robotic module to achieve a steering function. The concept of modular soft robots can provide insight into future soft robots that can grow, repair, and enhance functionality.
2D–3D heterostructure of PtS2−x
/Ga2O3 and their band alignment studies for high performance and broadband photodetector
Authors: Bassi Gaurav , Kaur Damanpreet , Dahiya Rohit , Kumar Mukesh
Published: May 2024

For deep ultraviolet (UV-C) photodetectors, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is a suitable candidate owing to its intrinsic ultra-wide band gap and high stability. However, its detection is limited within the UV-C region, which restricts it to cover a broad range, especially in visible and near-infrared (NIR) region. Therefore, constructing a heterostructure of Ga2O3 with an appropriate material having a narrow band gap is a worthwhile approach to compensate for it. In this category, PtS2 group-10 transitional metal dichalcogenide stands at the top owing to its narrow band gap (0.25–1.65 eV), high mobility, and stability for heterostructure synthesis. Moreover, heterostructure with Ga2O3 sensing in UV and PtS2 broad response in visible and IR range can broaden the spectrum from UV to NIR and to build broadband photodetector. In this work, we fabricated a 2D–3D PtS2−x
/Ga2O3 heterostructure based broadband photodetector with detection from UV-C to NIR region. In addition, the PtS2−x
/Ga2O3 device shows a high responsivity of 38.7 AW−1 and detectivity of 4.8 × 1013 Jones under 1100 nm light illumination at 5 V bias. A fast response of 90 ms/86 ms illustrates the device’s fast speed. An interface study between the PtS2−x
and Ga2O3 was conducted using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) which confirmed type-I band alignment. Finally, based on their band alignment study, a carrier transport mechanism was proposed at the interface. This work offers a new opportunity to fabricate large-area high-performance 2D–3D heterostructures based photodetectors for future optoelectronics devices.
A novel ballistic model for the subthreshold behavior of nanosheet transistors
Authors: Chiang Te-Kuang
Published: May 2024

A novel ballistic model for the subthreshold current of nanosheet transistors is successfully developed based on the Landauer approach with the three-dimensional number of channels. The ballistic threshold voltage can also be achieved through the calculated free charge density induced by the three-dimensional density-of-states equal to the substrate doping concentration. It indicates that under the low drain voltage corresponding to the Fermi distribution function, the subthreshold current is mainly governed by the low contact potential. However, under the high drain voltage corresponding to the Fermi distribution function, the thermal voltage, instead of the contact potential between the source and drain, initiates the subthreshold current. Besides subthreshold current and threshold voltage, the ballistic conductance and subthreshold swing are also revealed in the subthreshold conduction. It indicates that the thin silicon, thin gate oxide, heavy substrate doping density, and high work function will alleviate the ballistic effects, decrease the subthreshold current/swing, and increase the threshold voltage/ballistic resistance.
The Robotic MAAO 0.7 m Telescope System: Performance and Standard Photometric System
Authors: Lim Gu , Kim Dohyeong , Lim Seonghun , Im Myungshin , Choi Hyeonho , Park Jaemin , Park Keun-Hong , Park Junyeong , Muskaan Chaudhary , Kim Donghyun , Jeong Hayeong
Published: May 2024

We introduce a 0.7 m telescope system at the Miryang Arirang Astronomical Observatory (MAAO), a public observatory in Miryang, Korea. System integration and a scheduling program enable the 0.7 m telescope system to operate completely robotically during nighttime, eliminating the need for human intervention. Using the 0.7 m telescope system, we obtain atmospheric extinction coefficients and the zero-point magnitudes by observing standard stars. As a result, we find that atmospheric extinctions are moderate but they can sometimes increase depending on the weather conditions. The measured 5σ limiting magnitudes reach down to BVRI = 19.4–19.6 AB mag for a point source with a total integrated time of 10 minutes under clear weather conditions, demonstrating comparable performance with other observational facilities operating under similar specifications and sky conditions. We expect that the newly established MAAO 0.7 m telescope system will contribute significantly to the observational studies of astronomy. Particularly, with its capability for robotic observations, this system, although its primary duty is for public viewing, can be extensively used for the time-series observation of transients.
Internal phase control of fiber laser array based on photodetector array
Authors: Jin 靳 Kai-Kai 凯凯 , Long 龙 Jin-Hu 金虎 , Chang 常 Hong-Xiang 洪祥 , Su 粟 Rong-Tao 荣涛 , Zhang 张 Jia-Yi 嘉怡 , Chen 陈 Si-Yu 思雨 , Ma 马 Yan-Xing 阎星 , Zhou 周 Pu 朴
Published: May 2024

Coherent beam combining (CBC) of fiber laser array is a promising technique to realize high output power while maintaining near diffraction-limited beam quality. To implement CBC, an appropriate phase control feedback structure should be established to realize phase-locking. In this paper, an innovative internal active phase control CBC fiber laser array based on photodetector array is proposed. The dynamic phase noises of the laser amplifiers are compensated before being emitted into free space. And the static phase difference compensation of emitting laser array is realized by interference measurement based on photodetector array. The principle of the technique is illustrated and corresponding simulations are carried out, and a CBC system with four laser channels is built to verify the technique. When the phase controllers are turned on, the phase deviation of the laser array is less than λ/20, and ∼ 95% fringe contrast of the irradiation distribution is obtained. The technique proposed in this paper could provide a reference for the system design of a massive high-power CBC system.
Dissipative soliton resonance within different dispersion regimes in a single mode-locked laser
Authors: Zhao 赵 Zhetao 哲韬 , Shu 舒 Qinke 沁珂 , Xie 解 Ziyi 梓怡 , Ren 任 Yuxuan 俞宣 , Zhang 张 Ying 颖 , Yuan 袁 Bo 博 , Zhao 赵 Chunbo 春勃 , Peng 彭 Junsong 俊松 , Zeng 曾 Heping 和平
Published: May 2024

Dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) was previously studied in separated mode-locked fiber lasers within different dispersion regimes including anomalous, near-zero and normal dispersion. Here we propose a method to study DSR in a single mode-locked laser in these different dispersion regimes. This is achieved by virtue of a waveshaper which can control the laser dispersion readily using software, avoiding the usual tedious cutback method. We find that dispersion has a negligible effect on DSR since the pulse duration keeps constant while dispersion is varied. Moreover, we examine the dynamics of DSR on the parameters of the SA including modulation depth and saturation power, and find that the pulse duration can be changed in a large range when the saturation power is decreased. Our numerical simulations could be important to guide relative experimental studies.
Investigation of the Tensile, Flexural, and Impact Strengths of Hexagonal Expanded Aluminum Mesh/Biaxial Glass Fiber Hybrid Composites
Authors: Srinivasa Murthy PL , Sanjay P , Kiran Murthy S , Adi Vedanth D
Published: May 2024

Glass fibers are known for their high tensile strength, thermal properties, environmental resistance, and more. This research article investigates the mechanical properties of composites made of hexagonal expanded aluminum mesh (HEAM) of 1.03mm (0.04in) strand thickness, 6.5mm (0.25in) long way of opening (LWO), 5mm (0.2in) Short Way of Opening (SWO) and 1708 45/45 biaxial fiberglass with binder epoxy resin (LY556) with Hardener (HY918) with silicon dioxide as an additive. This study determines tensile, flexural, impact strengths. Results show hexagonal mesh efficiently distributes loads, yielding high strength-to-weight ratio, tensile strength, and energy absorption.
Experimental Investigation and Optimization of process parameter in Binder Jet 3D Printing
Authors: Shanmuganatan S P , Madhusudan M , Josephine Sherina , Samsak S , Thejaswi Yoganarasimha N , Sewanth Gowda P
Published: May 2024

Prototyping is frequently performed using Additive Manufacturing (AM), which has practical usages in the aerospace, defence, medical, and automotive industries. AM is a viable alternative to the established powder metallurgy method that guarantees a good and enhanced surface polish. The primary purpose of the current study is to optimize the printing process parameters related to binder jet printing technology. In the additive manufacturing technique known as ‘binder jetting,’ a commercial printer selectively applies a liquid binding agent to a thin coating of powder particles. The parameters governing AM process includes roller speed, layer thickness, infill density and bed temperature. Taguchi analysis based on L16 orthogonal array is adapted in the study to optimize the various process parameters. The output responses namely ultimate tensile strength and toughness properties were evaluated to optimize the process. Tensile testing is carried out as per ASTM standard. The study also involves the observation of the binder jet process, associative science of densification after sintering, evolution of microstructural characteristics of the binder jetted part and application of the optimized process parameters of selected material.
Solvatochromic and theoretical study of 1,3-benzodioxole derivative
Authors: Sunil Kumar N. , Prasad K. N. N. , Chandrasekhar S. , Thipperudrappa J. , Kalgi Mayadevi
Published: May 2024

The solvatochromic UV-Vis absorption and emission characteristics of (E)-1-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-3-(7-methoxybenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)prop-2-en-1-one compound were studied in solvents of various polarities. The various types of interactions present between the solute-solvent were studied by means of Catalan’s and Kamlet’s techniques. Furthermore, the excited state dipole moment of the compound was estimated using the Lippert’s, Kawski-Chamma-Viallet’s, Bakhshiev’s, and

E
N
T

solvent polarity parameters. It was noticed that the excited state dipole moment was more than the dipole moment in the ground state. Investigated further to comprehend the compound’s molecular properties through theoretical study.
Efficient activation of the Co/SBA-15 catalyst by high-frequency AC-DBD plasma thermal effects for toluene removal
Authors: LI 李 Yue 越 , JIANG 姜 Nan 楠 , LIU 刘 Zhengyan 政妍 , QIN 秦 Liang 亮 , PENG 彭 Bangfa 邦发 , WANG 王 Ronggang 荣刚 , SUN 孙 Yurong 玉荣 , LI 李 Jie 杰
Published: May 2024

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma excited by a high-frequency alternating-current (AC) power supply is widely employed for the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the thermal effect generated during the discharge process leads to energy waste and low energy utilization efficiency. In this work, an innovative DBD thermally-conducted catalysis (DBD-TCC) system, integrating high-frequency AC-DBD plasma and its generated thermal effects to activate the Co/SBA-15 catalyst, was employed for toluene removal. Specifically, Co/SBA-15 catalysts are closely positioned to the ground electrode of the plasma zone and can be heated and activated by the thermal effect when the voltage exceeds 10 kV. At 12.4 kV, the temperature in the catalyst zone reached 261 °C in the DBD-TCC system, resulting in an increase in toluene degradation efficiency of 17%, CO2 selectivity of 21.2%, and energy efficiency of 27%, respectively, compared to the DBD system alone. In contrast, the DBD thermally-unconducted catalysis (DBD-TUC) system fails to enhance toluene degradation due to insufficient heat absorption and catalytic activation, highlighting the crucial role of AC-DBD generated heat in the activation of the catalyst. Furthermore, the degradation pathway and mechanism of toluene in the DBD-TCC system were hypothesized. This work is expected to provide an energy-efficient approach for high-frequency AC-DBD plasma removal of VOCs.
First spectroscopic study of HFRC plasma
Authors: MAO 毛 An 安 , CHENG 程 Zhifeng 芝峰 , RAO 饶 Bo 波 , YANG 杨 Jingmin 菁珉 , ZHANG 张 Ming 明
Published: May 2024

An advanced spectral diagnostic system was developed to measure the electron temperature (T
e), electron density (N
e), and ion temperature (T
i) of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology field-reversed configuration plasma. The system consists of an optic fiber spectrometer with a wide spectral band and a 670 mm focal length high throughout Czerny–Turner monochromator equipped with both a 3600 g mm−1 grating and a 2400 g mm−1 grating to measure the line spectrum. Accompanying these components is an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device camera to capture spectral data. The relative intensity of the optical fiber spectrometer was calibrated using a standard luminance source, and the wavelength calibration of the spectrometer was accomplished using a Hg/Ar lamp. This diagnostic setup was configured to measure electron density based on the Stark effect of Hγ (n = 5 → n = 2; 434.04 nm). Doppler broadening of an O III (2s22p(2P0)3p → 2s22p(2P0)3s; 375.988 nm) emission line was measured and analyzed to obtain the ion temperature, and electron temperatures were estimated from the relative strength of Hβ (n = 4 → n = 2; 486.14 nm) (Dβ) and Hγ (Dγ) spectral lines when the electron density was obtained from Stark effect measurements. The initial experimental results indicate that the highest electron temperature of the formation region was approximately 8 eV, the electron density of the colliding-and-merging region was approaching 1020 m−3, and the ion temperature reached about 40 eV.
Introduction
Authors: Berend Nora
Published: May 2024

The introduction raises questions about the transition between medieval myth-making and modern history writing. It also provides background on the historical Stephen, and on his changing interpretation in modern historical scholarship. Historians in every generation claimed to show finally the ‘true’ face of the king, while adapting him to the requirements of their own period, for example, as a pro-German defender of Hungary or a pro-Slavic peaceful ruler. The chapter contrasts Stephen’s significance in Hungarian historiography with the meagre knowledge we can gain from historical sources. It highlights the problems with the primary sources and the many questions they leave unanswered.
Cupan
Authors: Berend Nora
Published: May 2024

The chapter engages with the unfolding story of a putative rival for the throne early on during Stephen’s reign. Cupan, who may be a medieval literary invention, has been part of national history for centuries. The author traces how a medieval legend emerged and was elaborated in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries about a threat to Stephen’s accession to the throne, and how modern historians further embellished this to create the story of an alleged pagan uncle of Stephen, Koppány. The chapter unravels the significance of the story as a lynchpin in national history. The confrontation has been seen as a turning point that set Hungary on either the right road of integration into Christian Europe or the wrong one, depriving Hungarians of their identity, depending on the sympathies of modern authors. The chapter shows how between the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries, Koppány became a hero and emblem of right-wing identity politics as a supposed representative of true Hungarianness, unadulterated by western influences. A brief comparative section illuminates the modern and contemporary interest in, and indeed creation of, supposed medieval pagans.