bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRABALHO E FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL NA EMPRESA AUTOMOBILÍSTICA ALEMÃ: novos conceitos de produção e novas propostas pedagógicas
Authors: Andrade Francisca Rejane
Published: August 2022

Este artigo pretende analisar como as políticas de formação profissional nas empresas automobilísticas alemãs pesquisadas são influenciadas pela reestruturação produtiva ocorrida nos últimos anos, e como essas influências contribuem para o desenvolvimento de novas propostas pedagógicas e metodológicas no campo da formação profissional. O interesse específico é, portanto, discutir como o investimento na formação profissional que privilegia a inter-relação do saber com a experiência, através de um processo reflexivo, contribui para o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem ampla dos trabalhadores. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Formação profissional, empresa, Alemanha. WORK AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE GERMAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY: new concepts of production and new pedagogical proposals This article intends to analyze how the professional qualification policies in the German automotive industries under research are influenced by the productive structural reorganization that took place in the last years. It also analyzes how these influences contribute to the development of pedagogical and methodological proposals in the professional qualification field. Therefore, the specific interest is to discuss how the investment in the professional qualification, which prioritizes the inter-relationship of knowledge with experience through a reflexive process, contributes to the development of the employees’ vast learning process. KEYWORDS: Professional qualification, industries, Germany. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
NOVOS PARÂMETROS DE ANÁLISE DA RELAÇÃO EDUCAÇÃO E PREPARAÇÃO PARA O TRABALHO: desafios atuais para o sistema de Ensino Superior
Authors: Couto Maria
Published: August 2022

O texto discute os novos desafios que são colocados para os sistemas educacionais, especificamente para o Ensino Superior diante das mudanças sociais, econômicas, políticas e tecnológicas contemporâneas. Depois de fazer um balanço das reflexões de alguns autores sobre essas mudanças e dos seus impactos sobre a centralidade do trabalho no mundo de hoje, expõe alguns pontos em torno dos novos requisitos da qualificação profissional, ao tempo em que analisa a recente discussão sobre os novos conceitos de qualificação e competência que estão sendo trabalhados por outros autores no campo da Sociologia e da Economia. Ao final, tece algumas considerações sobre as recentes reformas da política educacional brasileira frente a esses novos requisitos. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Mudanças sociais, Ensino Superior, trabalho, qualificação/ competência, políticas públicas. NEW PARAMETERS FOR ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION AND PREPARATION FOR WORK: present challenges for the academic teaching system The text discusses the new challenges that the educational systems have to face, especially the academic teaching as far as social, economic, political and technologic contemporaneous changes are concerned. After taking into consideration the thoughts expressed by some authors on these changes and their impacts on the centrality of the work in the present world, it presents some points of view that focus on the new requirements of the vocational qualification. Meanwhile it analyses the recent discussion on new qualification and competence; other authors in Sociology and Economics fields are dealing with those concepts. To sum up, it makes some considerations on the recent reforms of the Brazilian education policy to cope with these new requirements. KEYWORDS: Social changes, academic teaching, work, qualification, competence, public policies.  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Repensando uma Política Acadêmica em Ciências Sociais: tendências, desafios e novas utopias
Authors: Ivo Anete Brito Leal
Published: August 2022

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A Universidade e o Novo Modo de Produção do Conhecimento
Authors: Sobral Fernanda da Fonseca
Published: August 2022

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O ESTADO, A NOVA ESQUERDA E O NEOCORPORATIVISMO
Authors: Schmidt Benício Viero
Published: August 2022

O autor analisa a redefinição do Estado contemporâneo a partir de duas vertentes: a multipolaridade (com o fim da Guerra Fria) e o caráter multicivilizacional (inscrito das diferentes concepções vigentes entre Estado e Sociedade). Analisa os novos desafios da governabilidade limitada por fronteiras nacionais, concentrando- se sobre as novas peculiaridades do social para avaliar a gestão estatal a partir do ajuste estrutural, entendido como superação histórica do modelo keynesiano e do ideário populista desenvolvimentista. Requalifica o âmbito das políticas públicas no contexto pós-fordista, de caráter focal e neo-corporativo, que envolve a participação ampliada, reconhecendo a atualidade de Gramsci na regeneração da possibilidade de articulação orgânica entre política (representação e gestão) e moralidade (direito e igualdade). Conclui que o dilema das deseconomias tem de ser administrado no âmbito do mercado e da democracia representativa, entendendo que o panorama histórico das transformações do Estado faculta o exercício da imaginação sociológica e política. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estado, governabilidade, democracia, neo-corporativismo, ajuste estrutural, América Latina. THE STATE, THE NEW OPPOSITION PARTY AND THE NEW CORPORATIVISM The text centers on the study of some crucial transformations that the contemporary state is going through, having as a starting point the typical globalization phenomena. In this context, the national limits of the concept of State are known and have been extensively dealt with in present social sciences publications. One of the sociological implications of the process takes place owing to the decentralization decisions in terms of basic public policies procedures, especially the compensatory ones. This is caused by the paradox: Intervening-Productive Sate out; Regulatory State in. With the exception of the democratizing elements, this movement implies an intense co-optation of the entities and social movements by the several decision axes. Regardless of the political viewpoints, “everybody is a client of the state”. This is generalized in Latin America where inner political relationship patterns are being redefined, as in the Brazilian case. This gives birth to an almost democratic system, the new corporativism; a more theoretical and political challenge for an opposition that longs for innovation. KEY WORDS: State, social change, work, social policy, corporativism and Latin America. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
POLÍTICAS AMBIENTAIS GLOBAIS: O CASO DA BIODIVERSIDADE
Authors: Hirsch Joachim
Published: August 2022

O artigo mostra como as tendências pósfordistas, que supõem uma nova relação de apropriação entre sociedade e natureza, agora determinada pela limitação dos recursos naturais e pela produção de conhecimentos e informações, determinam um novo campo político que demonstra diferenças marcantes do tratamento tradicional do Estado, tanto em relação aos seus conteúdos e procedimentos quanto na constituição da complexidade de atores aí atuantes. O autor toma por referência a política da biodiversidade, como campo singular que especifica a extensão dessas novas transformações do Estado, na linha de uma internacionalização e da ampliação do Estado, determinando interdependência entre diferentes níveis políticos – dos locais aos internacionais –, onde a representação e a mediação dos interesses relativos desempenham papel crucial. PALAVRAS–CHAVE: Estado, biodiversidade; políticas de meio ambiente; teoria política; sociedade-civil internacional. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES: the biodiversity case The article shows how the post-Fordist tendencies establish a new political field that demonstrate outstanding differences in the traditional way the states approaches given issues, whether regarding contents and procedures or the complexity of the performing actors involved. These tendencies suppose a new relationship of appropriation between society and nature, which is now being determined by the dearth of natural resources and by the production of knowledge and information. It is based on the biodiversity policy as unique field to limit the scope of these new State transformations, namely internationalization and State expansion, configuring new areas of negotiation and conflicts. KEY WORDS: State, biodiversity, environmental policies, political theory, international civil-society Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
ENTRE O LOCAL E O NACIONAL: a "reforma" do aparelho de Estado no Maranhão
Authors: Silva Ilse Gomes
Published: August 2022

Nas últimas décadas do século XX, paradoxalmente, enquanto se decretava o fim dos Estados nacionais, valorizava-se a esfera local como espaço de construção de alternativas para a superação dos problemas econômicos e políticos dessa nova fase de transnacionalização da economia. Na esteira dessa discussão, busca analisar de que maneira a reforma do aparelho de Estado do Maranhão, encaminhada pela governadora Roseana Sarney, se insere e se articula ao espaço nacional, e até transnacional, na realização do movimento do capital em escala mundial. Adoto como pressuposto básico o entendimento de que a discussão do “local ” deve-se inserir no contexto das transformações do papel do Estado na reprodução do capital, nas suas instâncias transnacional, nacional e regional/local, de forma que se percebam os elos construídos entre essas instâncias e o modo como as políticas da esfera local garantem a realização dos interesses do capital nas esferas nacional e transnacional. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estado nacional, reforma do Estado, poder local, Maranhão, Brasil. BETWEEN THE LOCAL AND THE NATIONAL: the “reform” of the political apparatus in the State of Maranhão During the last decades of the twentieth century, the end of the National States was announced and paradoxically the local scope was highlighted as the locus for developing alternatives to overcome economical and political problems in this new phase of economy transnationalization. In this context, this paper tries to analyze how the reform of the apparatus of the Maranhão State, conducted by the Governess Roseana Sarney is inserted and articulated into the national and even transnational scope, carrying out a capital movement on an international scale. As basic presupposition, the idea is that the discussion of the “local” should be inserted in the context of the State transformation role as far as the capital reproduction is concerned, in its transnational, national and regional/local successive instances. Therefore, it is possible to perceive the links between these instances and the way the local scope policies assure the interests of the capital in the national and international areas. KEY WORDS: National state, state reform, local power, Maranhão, Brazil. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
A MARCA DE CAIM: as características que identificam o “suspeito”, segundo relatos de policiais militares
Authors: Reis Dyane Brito
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa detalhada sobre a suspeição policial na cidade de Salvador, que busca compreender qual a imagem que a polícia constrói sobre o tipo social que considera suspeito, na maioria dos casos identificado com o negro/mestiço. O artigo trabalha com dados extraídos de 30 entrevistas realizadas com policiais de diversas patentes, em duas Companhias da Polícia Militar de Salvador. Utilizando o recurso da imagem e de entrevistas, foi possível caracterizar o “tipo ideal ” suspeito abordado nas ruas pela PM. Este tipo ideal é descrito como homem negro, em muitos casos rastafari, com tatuagens ou cicatrizes pelo corpo, correntes de ouro, jeito de andar meio gingado, denominado pelos policiais como “tombo”, normalmente morador de favelas e invasões. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Racismo, violência policial, tipo ideal, suspeição, discriminação racial. CAIN’S MARK: fatures that identify suspects according to the military police reports Dyane Brito Reis This paper is part of a detailed research on police suspicion in the city of Salvador. The objective of the research is to try to understand the image made by the police of the social type considered suspect. In most cases, it is identified as a member of the black communities or of mixed blood population. The paper is based on data collected from 30 surveys performed with Military policeman of different ranks in the city of Salvador. Resorting to the use of images and surveys, it was possible to characterize the “ideal suspect type ”approached on the streets by the Military Police. This ideal type is described as a black man, in many cases rastafarian, with tattoos or scars over the body, wearing gold chains, with a kind of sway from side to side when walking, called “tombo” (a person’s natural bent); usually a person living in slums and invasions. KEY WORDS: racism, police violence, ideal type, suspicion and racial discrimination Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
AS NOVAS FORMAS DE ACUMULAÇÃO DE CAPITAL E AS FORMAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS DO ESTRANHAMENTO (ALIENAÇÃO)
Authors: Antunes Ricardo
Published: August 2022

O artigo discute as mutações em curso no mundo do trabalho como expressão do processo de reorganização do capital, em resposta à crise desencadeada a partir dos anos 70, através da acumulação flexível, que tem, na implementação do padrão toyotista de organização do trabalho, a forma mais avançada de intensificação do trabalho, combinando as formas relativa e absoluta da extração da mais valia. Analisa as principais práticas do toyotismo nos vários setores de atividade e em  vários países, demonstrando como esse processo de intensifica;'ao do trabalho é responsável por novas formas contemporâneas de estranhamento. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Trabalho, toyotismo, alienação, estranhamento. THE NEW FORMS OF CAPITAL ACCUMULATION AND THE CONTEMPORANEOUS FORMS OF ESTRANGED LABOR (ALIENARTION) Ricardo Antunes The paper discusses the mutations that the world of labor has gone through as an expression of the capital reorganization process, in a response to the crisis triggered by the flexible accumulation from the 70s on, and which relied on toyotism, the most advenced intensification of labor, as a pattern of labor organization. This pattern combines the relative and absolut forms of exploitation of the labor theory of value. The paper analyses the main Toyotism practices in several sectors of the activityand in different countries, demonstrating how this labor intensification process is responsible for the new contemporaneous forms of estranged labor. KEY WORDS: Labor, Toyotism, alienation, estranged labor. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
FAMÍLIA, MERCADO DE TRABALHO ESTRATÉGIAS NO MEIO URBANO
Authors: Guimarães Iracema Brandão
Published: August 2022

O trabalho se propõe analisar as formas pelas quais as mudanças econômicas e sociais manifestam-se no âmbito das famílias e unidades domésticas de diferentes setores sociais, exercendo impactos sobre as modalidades de incorporação da força de trabalho de homens e mulheres. Na medida em que tais processos estão vinculados à expressão e diversificação econômica das cidades, apresentamos, na primeira parte do trabalho, alguns dados relativos à participação dos membros das famílias no mercado de trabalho, em termos comparativos, entre regiões metropolitnas brasileiras, com destaque para a cidade de Salvador. Na segunda parte, apresentamos dados de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com o objetivo de pôr em discussão a importancia das relações familiares para a inserção e manutenção dos trabalhadores informais nessa cidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Família, trabalho, estratégias. HOUSEHOLD, LABOR MARKET AND URBAN ENVIRONMENT STRATEGIES The aim of the paper is to analyze the forms of manifestation of social and economical changes in the families and households in different social sectors and their impacts on the modalities for incorporating men and women's labor force. The referred process are related to the expansion and economical diversification of the cities. In the first part, the paper presents data reffering to the participation of household members in the labor market, comparing Brazilian metropolitan regions, highlighting the city of Salvador. In the second part, it presents a qualitative research data to open to discussion the importance of the family relationship for inserting and keeping the informal workers in this city. KEY WORDS: Family, labor, strategies. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
SOCIEDADE URBANA: desigualdade e exclusão sociais
Authors: Verás Maura Pardini
Published: August 2022

No contexto da transnacionalização da economia e da constituição da sociedade informacional, inovações tecnológicas revolucionam a comunicação, a sociabilidade e as cidades, alterando-lhes as configurações espaciais, a dinâmica urbana, o acesso à cultura e aos equipamentos. A cidade capitalista, e a brasileira, principalmente, continua a apresentar velhas questões sociais: desigualdades, segregação e pobreza numa dialética da exclusão/inclusão sociais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cidade, sociedade urbana, desigualdade, exclusão social, questão urbana URBAN SOCIETY: inequalities and social exclusions Maura Pardini Bicudo Véras In the context of transnationalisation of economy and constituion of na information society, technological innovations, revolutionise communications, sociability and cities, changing their spatial shape, the urban dynamics, the acess to culture and equipments. Nevertheless, the capitalist city – the brazilian also – keeps on presenting old social issues: social spatial inequalities, segregation, poverty in the dialetic of social exclusion/inclusion. KEY WORDS: City, urban, society, inequality, social exclusion, urban issue SOCIÉTÉ URBAINE: inegalitte et exclusions sociales Maura Pardini Bicudo Véras Dans le contexte de la transnationalisation de l’économie et da la constitution de la société informationnelle, des innovations technologiques révolutionnent la communication, la sociabilité et les villes, en les altérant les configurations spatiales, la dynamique urbaine, l’accès à la culture et aux équipements. La ville capitaliste, et surtout la ville brésilienne, continue à présenter des vieilles questions sociales: des inégalités, de la ségrégation et de la pauvreté dans une dialectique de l’exclusion/ inclusion sociales. MOTS-CLES: Ville, société urbaine, inégalité, exclusion sociale, question urbaine Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
LA CIUDAD: un territorio que educa
Authors: Alderoqui Silvia
Published: August 2022

A partir de la recuperación del origen ciudadano del concepto ciudadanía, se desarrolla la importancia de las relaciones de apego en los territorios locales como elemento constitutivo de la formación de la identidad. Se caracteriza este proceso en la conflictividad y complejidad de las ciudades latinoamericanas y se destaca así la importancia de la ciudad como observatorio y laboratorio de ciudadanía para la articulación de los imaginarios privados y públicos en areas de la comprensión de las transformaciónes urbanas y de las causas estructurales de los problemas de las ciudades. Se analiza la ciudad como objeto de estudio y contenido escolar, como medio y contexto de los aprendizajes y como transmisor diverso de informaciones y cultura. Finalmente se describe la dimensión pedagógica de urbanismo con ejemplos de la participación de niños y jóvenes en la toma de decisiones de modificaciones urbanas. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Ciudad, ciudadania, infancia, participacion, urbanismo. THE CITY: a territory that educates Silvia S. Alderoqui The importance of the relationships of affection in local territories as an element that shapes identity formation can be developed on the recovery of the origin of the citizenship concept. This process is characterized by the conflict and complexity of Latin-American cities, thus stressing the importance of the city as an observer and laboratory for citizenship and articulation of private and public imaginaries to enable the understanding of urban transformation and the structural cases of the city problems. The city is analyzed as an object of study and academic content, as a means and context for learning processes and as a diverse disseminator of information and culture. Finally, the pedagogic dimension of urbanism is described with examples of the participation of children and adolescents in the decision making process of urban modifications. KEY-WORDS: City, citizenship, infancy, participation, urbanism. LA VILLE: un territoire qui éduque Silvia S. Alderoqui A partir de la récupération de l’origine citoyenne du concept de citoyenneté, l’importance des relations d’attachement aux territoires locaux se développe comme un élément constitutif de la formation de l’identité. Ce processus se caractèrise par la confrontation et la complexité des villes latino-américaines et ainsi met en évidence l’importance de la ville comme observatoire et laboratoire de la citoyenneté pour l’articulation des imaginaires privés et publiques aux fins de la compréhension des transformations urbaines et des causes structurales des problèmes des villes. La ville est analysée en tant qu’objet d’étude et programme d’enseignement, comme un milieu et un contexte des apprentissages et comme un transmetteur divers d’informations et de culture. Enfin, la dimension pédagogique de l’urbanisme est décrite avec des exemples de la participation d’enfants et de jeunes à la prise de décision des modifications urbaines. MOTS-CLÉS: Ville, citoyenneté, enfance, participation, urbanisme. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
A VIOLÊNCIA E A CRIMINALIDADE COMO ENTRAVES À DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA
Authors: Oliveira Antônio Santos
Published: August 2022

A violência e a criminalidade ocupam lugar relevante no debate político nacional, desde o início da década de 1990. A complexidade desses fenômenos desafia pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas na área de segurança pública, pois os fatores que contribuem para o comportamento violento ou criminoso são variados e cambiantes, dificultando a elaboração de teorias e soluções políticas gerais. Esse comportamento também interage com suas conseqüências, ameaçando criar um círculo vicioso, a exemplo da insidiosa relação entre o medo do crime e violência/crime. Este artigo analisa esta complexidade e seus possíveis efeitos sobre processo de democratização da sociedade brasileira. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Crime, violência, democracia, medo do crime, política pública. VIOLENCE AND CRIMINALITY AS BARRIERS TO THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY Antonio Santos Oliveira Violence and criminality occupy an important place in the national political discussion since the begging of 1990 decade. The complexity of these phenomena defy researchers and political formulatores on public security area, because reasons that contribute to a violent or criminal behavior are diverse and changeable, making difficult the elaboration of theories and political solutions in general. This behaviour also exert reciprocally with their consequences, frightening to criate a vicious circle, as the insidious relation between fear of crime and violence/crime. This work analyzes this complexity and its possible effects in the process of brazilian society democratization. KEY WORDS: Crime, violence, democracy, fear of crime, public politics. LA VIOLENCE ET LA CRIMINALITÉ EN TANT QU’ENTRAVE À LA DÉMOCRATISATION DE LA SOCIÉTÉ BRÉSILIENNE Antônio Santos Oliveira Depuis le début de la décennie 1990, la violence et la criminalité occupent une place très importante dans le débat politique national. La complexité de ces phénomènes défie les chercheurs et ceux qui formulent les politiques dans le domaine de la sécurité publique, puisque les facteurs contribuant au comportement violent ou criminel sont variés et changeants, en rendant difficile l’élaboration de théories et de solutions politiques générales. Ce comportement interagit également avec ses conséquences, en ménaçant créer un cercle vicieux, à exemple de la relation insidieuse entre la peur du crime et de la violence/crime. Cet article analyse cette complexité et ses possibles effets sur le processus de démocratisation de la société brésilienne. MOTS-CLÉS: Crime, violence, démocratie, peur du crime, politique publique. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Early Mortality in Type A Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Harris Kevin M. , Nienaber Christoph A. , Peterson Mark D. , Woznicki Elise M. , Braverman Alan C. , Trimarchi Santi , Myrmel Truls , Pyeritz Reed , Hutchison Stuart , Strauss Craig , Ehrlich Marek P. , Gleason Thomas G. , Korach Amit , Montgomery Daniel G. , Isselbacher Eric M. , Eagle Kim A.
Published: August 2022

Importance

Early data revealed a mortality rate of 1% to 2% per hour for type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD) during the initial 48 hours. Despite advances in diagnostic testing and treatment, this mortality rate continues to be cited because of a lack of contemporary data characterizing early mortality and the effect of timely surgery.

Objective

To examine early mortality rates for patients with TAAAD in the contemporary era.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study examined data for patients with TAAAD in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection between 1996 and 2018. Patients were grouped according to the mode of their intended treatment, surgical or medical.

Exposure

Surgical treatment.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Mortality was assessed in the initial 48 hours after hospital arrival using Kaplan-Meier curves. In-hospital complications were also evaluated.

Results

A total of 5611 patients with TAAAD were identified based on intended treatment: 5131 (91.4%) in the surgical group (3442 [67.1%] male; mean [SD] age, 60.4 [14.1] years) and 480 (8.6%) in the medical group (480 [52.5%] male; mean [SD] age, 70.9 [14.7] years). Reasons for medical management included advanced age (n = 141), comorbidities (n = 281), and patient preference (n = 81). Over the first 48 hours, the mortality for all patients in the study was 5.8%. Among patients who were medically managed, mortality was 0.5% per hour (23.7% at 48 hours). For those whose intended treatment was surgical, 48-hour mortality was 4.4%. In the surgical group, 51 patients (1%) died before the operation.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, the overall mortality rate for TAAAD was 5.8% at 48 hours. For patients in the medical group, TAAAD had a mortality rate of 0.5% per hour (23.7% at 48 hours). However, among those in the surgical group, 48-hour mortality decreased to 4.4%.
Nail Sarcoidosis
Authors: Ward Rachael , Kalus Andrea , Schachtel April
Published: August 2022

This case report describes significant longitudinal ridging and nail plate crumbling on several of a patient’s fingernails.
Clinical and Pathological Characteristics and Outcomes Among Patients With Subcutaneous Panniculitis-like T-Cell Lymphoma and Related Adipotropic Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Guitart Joan , Mangold Aaron R. , Martinez-Escala Maria Estela , Walker Christina J. , Comfere Nneka I. , Pulitzer Mellissa , Rieger Kerri E. , Torres-Cabala Carlos A. , Pincus Laura B. , Kumar Erica S. , Wang Erica Bo Kyung , Park Katherine E. , Espinosa Maria L. , Duvic Madeleine , Kim Youn H. , Horwitz Steven
Published: August 2022

Importance

There is a knowledge gap about subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) owing to its rarity and diagnostic difficulty, resulting in an absence of well-documented large case series published to date.

Objective

To generate consensus knowledge by a joint multi-institutional review of SPTCL and related conditions.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective clinical and pathological review included cases initially diagnosed as SPTCL at 6 large US academic centers. All cases were reviewed by a group of pathologists, dermatologists, and oncologists with expertise in cutaneous lymphomas. Through a process of group consensus applying defined clinical and pathological diagnostic criteria, the cohort was classified as (1) SPTCL or (2) adipotropic lymphoproliferative disorder (ALPD) for similar cases with incomplete histopathological criteria for SPTCL designation.

Exposures

Cases of SPTCL diagnosed between 1998 and 2018.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was disease presentation and evolution, including response to therapy, disease progression, and development of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Results

The cohort of 95 patients (median [range] age, 38 [2-81] years; female-to-male ratio, 2.7) included 75 cases of SPTCL and 20 cases of ALPD. The clinical presentation was similar for both groups with multiple (61 of 72 [85%]) or single (11 of 72 [15%]) tender nodules mostly involving extremities, occasionally resulting in lipoatrophy. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was only observed in SPTCL cases. With a mean follow-up of 56 months, 60 of 90 patients (67%) achieved complete remission with a median (range) of 3 (1-7) cumulative therapies. Relapse was common. None of the patients died of disease progression or HLH. Two patients with ALPD eventually progressed to SPTCL without associated systemic symptoms or HLH.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case series of patients initially diagnosed as having SPTCL, results showed no evidence of systemic tumoral progression beyond the adipose tissue. The SPTCL experience in this study confirmed an indolent course and favorable response to a variety of treatments ranging from immune modulation to chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Morbidity was primarily associated with HLH.
Functional analysis of the N‐terminal region of acetylxylan esterase from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. tengcongensis
Authors: Sasamoto Kohei , Himiyama Tomoki , Moriyoshi Kunihiko , Ohmoto Takashi , Uegaki Koichi , Nakamura Tsutomu , Nishiya Yoshiaki
Published: August 2022

Acetylxylan esterase from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. tengcongensis (TTE0866) has an N‐terminal region (NTR; residues 23–135) between the signal sequence (residues 1–22) and the catalytic domain (residues 136–324), which is of unknown function. Our previous study revealed the crystal structure of the wild‐type (WT) enzyme containing the NTR and the catalytic domain. Although the structure of the catalytic domain was successfully determined, that of the NTR was undetermined, as its electron density was unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of the NTR through functional and structural analyses of NTR truncation mutants. Based on sequence and secondary structure analyses, NTR was confirmed to be an intrinsically disordered region. The truncation of NTR significantly decreased the solubility of the proteins at low salt concentrations compared with that of the WT. The NTR‐truncated mutant easily crystallized in a conventional buffer solution. The crystal exhibited crystallographic properties comparable with those of the WT crystals suitable for structural determination. These results suggest that NTR plays a role in maintaining the solubility and inhibiting the crystallization of the catalytic domain.
Reactive Flash Sintering of Ceramics: A Review
Authors: Yoon Bola , Avila Viviana , Lavagnini Isabela R. , Campos João V. , Jesus Lílian M.
Published: August 2022

As a novel electric field‐assisted sintering technique, flash sintering (FS) has gained significant interest over the past decade due to its compelling time and cost efficiency. This technique is originally used to densify ceramic samples in a few seconds by applying an electric field while heating a material. Recently, FS has been extended to enable simultaneous synthesis and sintering of ceramics in a derived method called reactive flash sintering (RFS). This review provides a comprehensive overview of RFS for a better understanding of the process and to draw the attention of scientists and engineers to this new technique.
Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing Technology for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Bahati David , Bricha Meriame , El Mabrouk Khalil
Published: August 2022

Additive manufacturing has transformed the perspective of producing three dimensions (3D) objects toward achieving high quality in terms of accuracy, resolution, and high mechanical integrity with excellent surface finishing in little time compared to subtractive (traditional) production. Vat photopolymerization (VPP) additive manufacturing is among the most common 3D printing technology used in the medical field, academic research, and industrial production of 3D parts. Four main 3D printing techniques fall under VPP, namely continuous liquid interface production (CLIP), daylight polymer printing (DPP), stereolithography (SLA), and digital light processing (DLP). The last two are the focus of the present article. The high accuracy, precision, the unique ability to produce highly complex porous structural geometries, the low printing cost, and the production time of 3D structures compared to subtractive 3D manufacturing make DLP and SLA suitable for medical applications, specifically in regenerative medicine. This review presents the recent trend of DLP and SLA as used in medical research related to bone tissue engineering highlighting the mechanical and biological properties of the resulting 3D bone structures. In addition, photopolymerization mechanisms, photocurable materials, and the working principles of DLP and SLA are introduced.
Identifying the Signatures of Intermolecular Interactions in Blends of PM6 with Y6 and N4 Using Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Kroh Daniel , Eller Fabian , Schötz Konstantin , Wedler Stefan , Perdigón‐Toro Lorena , Freychet Guillaume , Wei Qingya , Dörr Maximilian , Jones David , Zou Yingping , Herzig Eva M. , Neher Dieter , Köhler Anna
Published: August 2022

In organic solar cells, the resulting device efficiency depends strongly on the local morphology and intermolecular interactions of the blend film. Optical spectroscopy was used to identify the spectral signatures of interacting chromophores in blend films of the donor polymer PM6 with two state‐of‐the‐art nonfullerene acceptors, Y6 and N4, which differ merely in the branching point of the side chain. From temperature‐dependent absorption and luminescence spectroscopy in solution, it is inferred that both acceptor materials form two types of aggregates that differ in their interaction energy. Y6 forms an aggregate with a predominant J‐type character in solution, while for N4 molecules the interaction is predominantly in a H‐like manner in solution and freshly spin‐cast film, yet the molecules reorient with respect to each other with time or thermal annealing to adopt a more J‐type interaction. The different aggregation behavior of the acceptor materials is also reflected in the blend films and accounts for the different solar cell efficiencies reported with the two blends.
Multi‐Electrode Printed Bioelectronic Patches for Long‐Term Electrophysiological Monitoring
Authors: Reis Carneiro Manuel , Majidi Carmel , Tavakoli Mahmoud
Published: August 2022

A novel architecture of materials and fabrication techniques is proposed that serves as a universal method for implementation of thin‐film biostickers for high resolution electrophysiological monitoring. Unlike the existing wearable patches, the presented solution can be worn for several days, and is not affected by daily routines such as physical exercise or taking bath. A printable biphasic liquid metal silver composite is used, both as the electrical interconnects and the electrodes. This allows combining advantages of dry electrodes, i.e., printability and non‐smearing behavior, with benefits of wet electrodes, i.e., high‐quality signal. A human subject study showed that these biphasic printed electrodes benefit from a lower electrode‐skin impedance compared to clinical grade Ag/AgCl electrodes. Digital printing enables autonomous fabrication of biostickers that are taylor‐made for each user and each application. A universal miniaturized electronic system for biopotential acquisition and wireless communication is develpoed, and demonstrated multiple biopotential acquisition cases, including electrocardiography, electroencephalography, electromyography, and electrooculography.
Multidimensional Perovskites for High Detectivity Photodiodes
Authors: Ollearo Riccardo , Caiazzo Alessandro , Li Junyu , Fattori Marco , van Breemen Albert J. J. M. , Wienk Martijn M. , Gelinck Gerwin H. , Janssen René A. J.
Published: August 2022

Low‐dimensional perovskites attract increasing interest due to tunable optoelectronic properties and high stability. Here, it is shown that perovskite thin films with a vertical gradient in dimensionality result in graded electronic bandgap structures that are ideal for photodiode applications. Positioning low‐dimensional, vertically‐oriented perovskite phases at the interface with the electron blocking layer increases the activation energy for thermal charge generation and thereby effectively lowers the dark current density to a record‐low value of 5 × 10−9 mA cm−2 without compromising responsivity, resulting in a noise‐current‐based specific detectivity exceeding 7 × 1012 Jones at 600 nm. These multidimensional perovskite photodiodes show promising air stability and a dynamic range over ten orders of magnitude, and thus represent a new generation of high‐performance low‐cost photodiodes.
Water Processable Bioplastic Films from Functionalized Protein Fibrils
Authors: Yuan Yusheng , Solin Niclas
Published: August 2022

A combination of mechanochemistry and aqueous self‐assembly is employed to prepare protein nanofibrils (PNFs) functionalized with perylene diimide (PDI) dyes. These materials are then mixed with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and casted into bioplastic films. The functionalization process not only results in luminescent hybrid materials, but the presence of the dye modifies the physical properties of the PNFs. Films formed from PNFs functionalized with PDIs display anisotropic organization, which enables emission of polarized light. Crucially, the presence of PDI dyes improves the stability of PNF‐PVA films in water and moreover the films are processable when wet. By applying water, films can be glued together or self‐healed by applying water. Mechanochemical methodology can thus be employed for modifying properties of protein materials. This represents a new highly flexible and novel strategy for tuning both properties and functionality of protein materials.
A Mechanophotonic Approach toward an Organic, Flexible Crystal Optical Interferometer
Authors: Kumar Avulu Vinod , Chandrasekar Rajadurai
Published: August 2022

Organic crystals are poised to be a potential alternative to conventional silicon and its derivatives due to their utilization as microscale photonic components like active and passive waveguides, ring‐resonators, modulators, directional couplers, add‐on filters, interferometers (IMs), and reconfigurable circuits. Among these, IMs are important for flexible organic photonic integrated circuits. Here, the design and synthesis of extremely flexible (E)‐1‐(((5‐bromopyridin‐2‐yl)imino)methyl)naphthalen‐2‐ol (BPyIN) crystals are demonstrated. The interactions stabilizing the crystal packing and crystal‐substrate adhesion dictate the elasticity and pseudo‐plasticity, respectively. The extremely flexible BPyIN crystals disclose bending geometry‐dependent optical modes in the fluorescence spectra. This understanding is extended for fabricating a fiber loop mirror (FLM)‐like geometry using a BPyIN single crystal. Mechanophotonics approach facilitates the integration of FLM‐like crystal with a doubly bent waveguide to construct a first‐of‐its‐kind IM. The light propagating path‐length‐dependent optical interference within the IM is established. These proof‐of‐principle experiments illustrate the usefulness of mechanophotonics to fabricate miniature photonic devices beyond the traditional fabrication approach.
Optical Rotation‐Based Tunable Color Filter Using Chiral Photonic Crystal
Authors: Park Wongi , Park Hyewon , Choi Yun‐Seok , Yoon Dong Ki
Published: August 2022

Recently, tunable color filters have been desirable for various applications such as tunable colored glasses, camouflage materials, smart labels, smart windows, and dynamic displays. An optical rotation‐based color tuning (ORCT) method is presented here, which is a cost‐effective and nondestructive way to provide a wide range of color tunability using a controlled cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) as a chiral photonic crystal and two polarizers. Moreover, the color range of the ORCT can be manipulated by engineered optical rotation of the CLC film, which is verified by numerical calculations and experiments. As a proof of concept, tunable color filters are demonstrated to attenuate unexpected light sources and provide better visibility. We believe that our  ORCT technology can be a cornerstone in potential color variation applications.
Synergistic Control of Hot Exciton Relaxation and Exciton–Polaron Dispersion Using a Polaron Retarder for Long Lifetime in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lim Junseop , Lee Kyung Hyung , Kim Jae‐Min , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: August 2022

The operational stability of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is an essential property to utilize their efficient triplet harvesting ability and reduce the usage of expensive metal complexes in commercial applications. In this study, a device strategy for extending the device lifetime using the synergistic effects of the hot exciton relaxation and polaron dispersion is demonstrated. By doping a polaron retarder to a conventional TADF‐emitting layer, the lifetime of the blue TADF device is enhanced by 98% at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2. Kinetic modeling describing the device degradation indicates that the concurrent contribution via the suppression of exciton and polaron interactions and hot exciton‐related degradation are the origin of the lifetime enhancement. It is demonstrated that the introduction of the polaron retarder finely fits to the ground and that the excited energetic relationship of the host–dopant structure simultaneously improves the operation lifetime and device efficiency without sacrificing other device characteristics.
Energy‐Supporting Enzyme‐Mimic Nanoscaffold Facilitates Tendon Regeneration Based on a Mitochondrial Protection and Microenvironment Remodeling Strategy
Authors: Wang Shikun , Yao Zhixiao , Zhang Xinyu , Li Juehong , Huang Chen , Ouyang Yuanming , Qian Yun , Fan Cunyi
Published: August 2022

Tendon injury is a tricky and prevalent motor system disease, leading to compromised daily activity and disability. Insufficient regenerative capability and dysregulation of immune microenvironment are the leading causes of functional loss. First, this work identifies persistent oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in the regional tendon tissues postinjury. Therefore, a smart scaffold incorporating the enzyme mimicry nanoparticle‐ceria nanozyme (CeNPs) into the nanofiber bundle scaffold (NBS@CeO) with porous, anisotropic, and enhanced mechanical properties is designed to innovatively explore a targeted energy‐supporting repair strategy by rescuing mitochondrial function and remodeling the microenvironment favoring endogenous regeneration. The integrated CeNPs scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), stabilize the mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm), and ATP synthesis of tendon‐derived stem cells (TDSCs) under oxidative stress. In a rat Achilles tendon defect model, NBS@CeO reduces oxidative damage and accelerates structural regeneration of collagen fibers, manifesting as recovering mechanical properties and motor function. Furthermore, NBS@CeO mediates the rebalance of endogenous regenerative signaling and dysregulated immune microenvironment by alleviating senescence and apoptosis of TDSCs, downregulating the secretion of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and inducing macrophage M2 polarization. This innovative strategy highlights the role of NBS@CeO in tendon repair and thus provides a potential therapeutic approach for promoting tendon regeneration.
Wide‐Bandwidth Nanocomposite‐Sensor Integrated Smart Mask for Tracking Multiphase Respiratory Activities
Authors: Suo Jiao , Liu Yifan , Wu Cong , Chen Meng , Huang Qingyun , Liu Yiming , Yao Kuanming , Chen Yangbin , Pan Qiqi , Chang Xiaoyu , Leung Alice Yeuk Lan , Chan Ho‐yin , Zhang Guanglie , Yang Zhengbao , Daoud Walid , Li Xinyue , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Shen Jiangang , Yu Xinge , Wang Jianping , Li Wen Jung
Published: August 2022

Wearing masks has been a recommended protective measure due to the risks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) even in its coming endemic phase. Therefore, deploying a “smart mask” to monitor human physiological signals is highly beneficial for personal and public health. This work presents a smart mask integrating an ultrathin nanocomposite sponge structure‐based soundwave sensor (≈400 µm), which allows the high sensitivity in a wide‐bandwidth dynamic pressure range, i.e., capable of detecting various respiratory sounds of breathing, speaking, and coughing. Thirty‐one subjects test the smart mask in recording their respiratory activities. Machine/deep learning methods, i.e., support vector machine and convolutional neural networks, are used to recognize these activities, which show average macro‐recalls of ≈95% in both individual and generalized models. With rich high‐frequency (≈4000 Hz) information recorded, the two‐/tri‐phase coughs can be mapped while speaking words can be identified, demonstrating that the smart mask can be applicable as a daily wearable Internet of Things (IoT) device for respiratory disease identification, voice interaction tool, etc. in the future. This work bridges the technological gap between ultra‐lightweight but high‐frequency response sensor material fabrication, signal transduction and processing, and machining/deep learning to demonstrate a wearable device for potential applications in continual health monitoring in daily life.
Invasive plant species that experience lower herbivory pressure may evolve lower diversities of chemical defense compounds in the exotic range
Authors: Oduor Ayub M. O.
Published: August 2022

Premise

Invasive plant species often escape from specialist herbivores and are more likely to be attacked by generalist herbivores in the exotic range. Consequently, the shifting defense hypothesis predicts that invasive plants will produce higher concentrations of qualitative defense compounds to deter dominant generalist herbivores in the exotic range. Here, I additionally propose a reduced chemical diversity hypothesis (RCDH), which predicts that reduced herbivory pressure will select for invasive plant genotypes that produce lower diversities of chemical defense compounds in the exotic range.

Methods

I tested whether (1) invasive Brassica nigra populations express a lower diversity and an overall higher concentration of glucosinolate compounds than native‐range B. nigra; (2) Brassica nigra individuals that express high diversities and concentrations of glucosinolate compounds are more attractive to specialist and deterrent to generalist herbivores; and (3) tissues of invasive B. nigra are less palatable than tissues of native‐range B. nigra to the generalist herbivores Theba pisana and Helix aspersa.

Results

Invasive B. nigra populations produced a significantly lower diversity of glucosinolate compounds, a marginally higher concentration of total glucosinolates, and a significantly higher concentration of sinigrin (the dominant glucosinolate). Leaf tissues of invasive B. nigra were significantly less palatable to T. pisana and marginally less so to H. aspersa. Brassica nigra individuals that expressed high concentrations of total glucosinolate compounds were visited by a low diversity of generalist herbivore species in the field.

Conclusions

In line with the RCDH, the lower diversity of glucosinolate compounds produced by invasive B. nigra populations likely resulted from selection imposed by reduced herbivory pressure in the exotic range.