bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-event processing after embarrassing situations: Comparing experience sampling data of depressed and socially anxious individuals
Authors: Čolić Jasmin , Latysheva Anna , Bassett Tyler R. , Imboden Christian , Bader Klaus , Hatzinger Martin , Mikoteit Thorsten , Meyer Andrea Hans , Lieb Roselind , Gloster Andrew T. , Hoyer Jürgen
Published: December 2020

Background

Post-event processing (PEP) after social interactions (SIs) contributes to the persistence of social phobia (SP). This study investigated whether PEP as a transdiagnostic process also occurs in major depressive disorder (MDD) and controls. We also tested to what extent PEP was explained by trait levels of social anxiety (SA) or depression.

Method

For seven days, a total of n = 165 patients (n = 47 SP, n = 118 MDD) and n = 119 controls completed five surveys per day on their smartphones. Event-based experience sampling was used. PEP was assessed following subjective embarrassment in SIs with two reliable items from the Post-Event Processing Questionnaire. Data were analysed via multilevel regression analyses.

Results

Individuals with SP or MDD experienced more embarrassing SIs than controls and, accordingly, more PEP. The relative frequency of PEP after embarrassing SIs was equally high in all groups (86-96%). The groups did not differ regarding the amount of time PEP was experienced. After controlling trait depression, embarrassment occurred more frequently only in SP compared to controls. When controlling trait SA, between-group differences in indications of embarrassment, and consequently in PEP, dissipated.

Conclusions

PEP could be interpreted as a common coping strategy among all individuals, while more frequent embarrassment might be specific for clinical groups. Embarrassment was primarily driven by SA. The alleviation of SA could lead to the reduction of embarrassment and, further, of PEP. On this basis, a model describing PEP in MDD is proposed, while current models of PEP in SP are complemented.
Socially connected and COVID-19 prepared: The influence of sociorelational safety on perceived importance of COVID-19 precautions and trust in government responses
Authors: Lamarche Veronica M.
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 caused unprecedented social disruption the likes of which many people had not seen since the Second World War. In order to stop the spread of the virus, most nations were required to enforce strict social distancing precautions, including orders to shelter in place and national lockdowns. However, worries over whether citizens would become fatigued by precautions that constrain personal liberties made some governments hesitant to enact lockdown and social distancing measures early on in the pandemic. When people feel that their social worlds are responsive to their needs, they become more trusting and more willing to sacrifice on behalf of others. Thus, people may view COVID-19 precautions more positively and be more trusting in government responses to such an event if they are inclined to see their sociorelational world as supporting their connectedness needs. In the current study (N = 300), UK residents who were more satisfied that their close others fulfilled their connectedness needs at the start of the government-mandated lockdown, perceived COVID-19 precautions as more important and more effective than those who were relatively dissatisfied in how their connectedness needs were being met, and reported greater trust in the government’s management of the pandemic. These effects persisted in a follow-up one month later. Implications for how society and governments can benefit from the investment in social connectedness and satisfaction, and future directions are discussed.
Self-persuasion increases motivation for social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic through moral obligation
Authors: Drążkowski Dariusz , Trepanowski Radosław , Chwiłkowska Patrycja , Majewska Magda
Published: December 2020

During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments use direct persuasion to encourage social isolation. Since self-persuasion is a more effective method of encouraging behavioural changes, using an experimental approach, we compared direct persuasion to self-persuasion on underlying motivations for voluntary social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We asked the participants (N = 375) to write three arguments in support of social isolation (self-persuasion condition) or to evaluate three government graphics containing arguments for social isolation (direct persuasion condition). Then we asked the participants to evaluate perceived own vulnerability to COVID-19, the perceived severity of COVID-19, moral obligation to socially isolate and the attitude toward social isolation. Self-persuasion had a significant impact on the moral obligation to socially isolate, and through it on self-isolation intention. We also found evidence that individuals who perceived greater benefits from social isolation and who perceived a higher severity of COVID-19 have a higher intention to socially isolate. Significant sex and age differences also emerged. Our findings provide new insights into mechanisms of self-persuasion and underlying motivations that influence social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
“Alexa, are you a feminist?”: Virtual Assistants Doing Gender and What That Means for the World
Authors: Walker Taylor
Published: December 2020

Alexa is an Artificial Intelligence Virtual Assistant whom we freely accept into our homes, where she listens to our needs and obliges our every command. Through these interactions, Alexa performs a gender and does digital domesticity, acting as a host into a new digital era. By anthropomorphizing the robot as female, Alexa’s creators imposed womanhood on her, which is neither a natural nor inevitable political act. Using theories of gender performance, this paper explores the ways in which Alexa obeys commands, working to hard-code a connection between women and subservience. In an attempt to appease male fantasies of heterosexuality, she serves up gentle feminism and contributes to histories of erasure, further removing women’s bodies from the circumstances of production. Technology and media representations have power over users, perpetuating idealistic and unrealistic forms of femininity, simply because we have come to expect the same from the women in our lives.
Writing With Sensitivity: The Importance of Standardizing Descriptions of Archival Material from Indigenous Communities
Authors: White Olivia
Published: December 2020

As custodians of records, archivists have the power to produce descriptions that respect the culture and knowledge of Indigenous populations. The current descriptive standards do not contain guidance for describing archival material from Indigenous communities, which is a critical absence that requires further discussion. It is important to generate specialized considerations regarding the representation of these archival documents because language is a powerful tool that can disrupt or perpetuate colonial legacies. Several recommendations can be offered, such as collaborating with members of Indigenous communities to acknowledge their expertise over their cultural heritage. By generating an accessible standard, archivists can employ proactive strategies at the outset of the description process. Ultimately, archival spaces must be willing to adjust traditional archival practices to sensitively perform their duty to the record subjects, creators, and researchers.
İran Tarihinde Tartışmalı Bir Sayfa: İran Komünist Partisi (Bolşevik) ve Gilan Sovyeti
Authors: SİVRİOĞLU Ulaş Töre , FARZAM Rahimullah
Published: December 2020

20.yüzyıla siyasal çalkantılarla giren İran’da 1906 Meşrutiyet Devrimi sonrasında yaşanan en önemli olaylardan biri de İran (Pers) Komünist Partisi’nin kuruluşu ve bu partinin desteklediği “Gilan Sovyeti”dir. Her ne kadar Gilan Sovyet’inin simgesel lideri Küçük Han’ın komünizmle olan ilişkisi tartışmalı olsa da, bir dönem İran’da “demokratik halkçı” bir devrim hayaline kapılan İranlı komünistler için bir umut ışığı olmuştur. Ancak gerek Komünist partinin kendi içindeki ayrışma, gerekse “Cengeli” denilen Küçük Han taraftarları ile komünistler arasındaki ihtilaflar sonucu Gilan Sovyeti girişimi yenilgiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Bazı tarihçiler bu yenilgiden Cengeli isyancılardan desteğini çeken ve Britanya ile anlaşma yoluna giden Sovyetler Birliği’ni sorumlu tutmuşlardır. Bu görüşte olanlar “eğer Sovyetler Birliği ve İran komünistleri Cengelilerden desteklerini çekmeselerdi, Küçük Han’ın Tahran’ı ele geçirip Pehlevi hanedanının yükselişini engelleyebileceğini” iddia etmektedirler. Bu çıkarımlar tarihsel spekülasyon alanına girmekle birlikte yine de Gilan Sovyeti ve Pers (İran) Komünist Partisi’nin erken 1920’lerde taşıdığı potansiyelin ne kadar önemli olduğunu yansıtması bakımından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, İran yakın tarihinde yeterince incelenmemiş bir dönem olan erken 1920’ler boyunca İran komünistleri ve Cengelilerin politik mirası mercek altına alınmaktadır.
Factores determinantes del fracaso empresarial en la ciudad de Machala, provincia de El Oro (Ecuador) durante el periodo 2019
Authors: Lozada Guillermo , Valarezo Cristhian , Salcedo Virgilio , Sotomayor Guido
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las principales causas del fracaso empresarial dentro de la Ciudad de Machala, provincia de El Oro, durante el periodo 2019. La investigación tiene un enfoque descriptivo, la técnica empleada para la recolección de datos fue la encuesta, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario de 15 preguntas dirigida a 161 emprendedores, que cerraron sus empresas, las cuales se mantuvieron activas durante el periodo 2015-2019. Los datos obtenidos permitieron conocer cuáles fueron los factores más significativos que influyeron directamente en el cese de sus operaciones, dando como resultado que el fracaso empresarial se genera principalmente debido a que dentro de las organizaciones surgen problemas inesperados (legales, económicos, entre otros), escasa ayuda por parte de instituciones/entidades financieras, alto nivel de competencia, falta de liquidez y carencia de formación empresarial. El emprendedor como principal gestor de las empresas nacientes debe tomar decisiones inteligentes y estratégicas, para lo cual debe contar con habilidades, conocimiento, experiencia y sobre todo capacitación adecuada, que le permitan revertir los efectos del fracaso y convertirlas en fuente de oportunidad, desarrollo y éxito.
Importancia y capacitación personal: aprendizaje colaborativo y desempeño laboral en las empresas mineras
Authors: Honores Nelson , Vargas Cristhian , Espinoza Cecibel , Tapia Nancy
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo se determinó la influencia que tiene la capacitación en el desempeño laboral de las empresas mineras, ya que en la actualidad es de suma importancia realizar capacitaciones porque a través de ello se permite la mejora continua de los trabajadores en la organización; por lo tanto se realizó esta investigación siendo su objeto de estudio evaluar el efecto de la capacitación personal como técnica de aprendizaje para medir el desempeño laboral de los empleados. Se recurrió a realizar una investigación de tipo descriptivo y analítico, considerando una población de estudio de  6745 mineros en la provincia de El Oro, utilizando un muestreo no probabilístico. La técnica de recolección de datos que se utilizó fue la encuesta. En el procesamiento de datos se trabajó con la estadística descriptiva. También se realizó un estudio inferencial, analizando la correlación de la capacitación con el desempeño laboral el cual se lo dividió en  5 dimensiones (productividad, eficiencia, calidad, toma de decisiones y conocimientos del puesto laboral).  Para llevar a cabo la tabulación de los datos que se obtuvieron en el cuestionario aplicado, se utilizó el programa Microsoft office Excel y el software estadístico IBM SPSS. Los resultados de la labor investigativa evidenciaron que en efecto la capacitación como técnica de aprendizaje es de suma importancia para que los trabajadores desempeñen de mejor manera sus funciones dentro de la organización, ya que en todas las dimensiones la correlación dio como resultado positiva dándonos así que con productividad (67%); con eficiencia (31%); con calidad (16%); con toma de decisiones (16%); y finalmente con el perfil laboral (2%).
Influencia del clima y la satisfacción laboral en el desempeño del talento humano de las empresas comercializadoras
Authors: Ordoñez Diana , Salazar Jim , Tapia Nancy , Pacheco Andrés
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la percepción del clima y satisfacción laboral y su repercusión en el desempeño del talento humano, mediante un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo en empresas comerciales pertenecientes al sector ferretero de la Ciudad de Machala. Con este caso se podrá demostrar que factores influyen en el desempeño laboral, mismos que las empresas deberían tomar en cuenta para aumentar su productividad. La recolección de datos perteneció al sector terciario que se dedica a las actividades de carácter compraventa. La metodología que fue empleada, se concibió a través de base teórica y de campo (encuesta), donde participaron 452 personas que laboran en las empresas ferreteras. Se realizó el debido análisis de los resultados que arrojaron las encuestas por medio de la herramienta estadística SPSS. Con los resultados se determinó que el clima laboral influye de manera notable en el desempeño laboral con una fuerte correlación de Pearson del 0.74, mientras que la satisfacción laboral en los trabajadores tiene influencia en su desempeño laboral con una correlación de 0.566, por lo tanto, se verificó que ambas variables:  el clima y satisfacción laboral están enlazadas entre sí, repercuten en el desempeño laboral del talento humano y de esa manera alcanzar la prosperidad de la empresa dentro del mercado competitivo.
Diagnóstico de la aplicación del ciclo PHVA según la ISO 9001:2015 en la empresa INCARPALM
Authors: Salazar Juan , Mora Norman , Romero Wilton , Ollague Jose
Published: December 2020

La empresa INCARPALM se especializa en brindar soluciones de embalaje para los principales sectores del país. Posee un sistema de gestión de la calidad certificado desde el año 2013 y recertificado en Febrero de 2019 por el cumplimiento de los requisitos de la Norma ISO 9001:2015. La investigación se enfocó en el objetivo de diagnosticar la implementación del ciclo PHVA de la Norma ISO 9001:2015 como estrategia de trabajo y mejora continua en la organización. Para el levantamiento de la información se aplicó una encuesta con 29 preguntas, los cuales están recogidas en la figura 2 y los requisitos de los capítulos 6 al 10 de la referida norma. Para las respuestas a las interrogantes, se empleó la escala de Likert con opciones numéricas de 1 a 5. El instrumento contempló el criterio de 232 trabadores. Para la obtención de la información se utilizó la herramienta digital Google Forms y el programa estadístico-informático SPSS para el análisis y procesamiento de los datos. Los resultados mostraron un comportamiento favorable, de las 29 preguntas, 28 tienen una media superior a 4;  con una media general de 4,23. Las respuestas de 20 preguntas muestran una moda de 5, lo que indica que el predominio de las actividades realizadas es “frecuentemente”. En el grado de asociación lineal todas las variables muestran una correlación positiva, y 8 de ellas una correlación positiva muy fuerte. Como conclusión la organización posee un sistema de trabajo de innovación, capacitación y control del proceso, enfocado en la mejora continua.
La gestión empresarial ante la crisis del covid-19 y el escenario futuro en las Py-MEs del cantón Arenillas, provincia de El Oro, Ecuador
Authors: Betancourt Fernando , Ollague Jose , Pacheco Andrés , Tapia Nancy
Published: December 2020

El mundo entero enfrenta una situación inusitada a causa de la aparición del covid – 19 que ha puesto en riesgo no solamente la salud sino además la economía de la humanidad. Ecuador es uno de los países más golpeados por los efectos devastadores de este nuevo virus.

Uno de los sectores que se ha mantenido activo desde las medidas de confinamiento para controlar las cifras de contagio, es el agrícola, no obstante, las pequeñas y medianas empresas dedicadas al suministro de productos agrícolas también sufren los efectos negativos de esta pandemia, esto motivó que para el desarrollo del presente trabajo se considere el estudio de las pymes agrícolas del cantón Arenillas, perteneciente a la provincia de El Oro, donde las actividades del agro son su principal fuente de ingresos económicos.

El objetivo principal de este estudio estuvo orientado a replantear la gestión empresarial ante la crisis del covid-19 y el escenario futuro en las pymes agrícolas del cantón Arenillas. Para cumplir con el propósito descrito se realizó una investigación de tipo exploratoria, utilizando como herramienta de recopilación de datos la encuesta, la misma que se aplicó a 19 representantes legales de las pequeñas y medianas empresas agrícolas del cantón Arenillas, quienes se encuentran registrados en la Dirección Distrital de El Oro de la Agencia Nacional de Agrocalidad.

Entre los resultados más relevantes que se obtuvieron en esta investigación, destacan la disminución de la productividad, la reducción de número de trabajadores, el congelamiento de la contratación de nuevo personal y la falta de dinero para remunerar a los empleados que se encuentran en actividad, por lo que se concluyó que el replanteamiento de la gestión empresarial es fundamental en estos tiempos para enfrentar con éxito la emergencia sanitaria durante su permanencia y posterior a ella donde el impacto se seguirá sintiendo.

Palabras clave: gestión empresarial; pandemia; covid 19; pymes agrícolas; Arenillas; escenario futuro
Çeltik sapından elde edilen biyokömürün bazı karakterizasyon özellikleri
Authors: AKÇA Muhittin Onur , USTA Sadık , UYGUR Veli , SÖZÜDOĞRU OK Sonay
Published: December 2020

Son yıllarda oldukça güncel olan biyokömürün özellikleri, kullanım alanının belirlenmesi ve toprak ortamındaki potansiyel fonksiyonlarının tahmininde kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada çeltik saplarından 400℃’de yavaş piroliz yoluyla elde edilen biyokömürün bazı fizikokimyasal özellikleri ileri analitik tekniklerle incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, elde edilen biyokömür materyalinde; verim, uçucu madde (UM) mineral kül içeriği (MKİ), sabit karbon (SK), elementel analizler (C, H, N, S), spektroskopik analizler (FT-IR, 13C NMR, XPS, XRF ve XRD), görüntüleme analizi (SEM-EDX), parçacık boyutu ve spesifik yüzey alanı analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlara göre, 400 °C'de pirinç sap/samanından üretilen biyokömür, büyük gözeneklere ve orta ila düşük özgül yüzey alanına sahiptir; zayıf kristalik, karbonca zengin, selülozik amorf bir malzemedir ve silvit (KCl) mineralini içermektedir. Bu özellikleri biyokömürün topraklarda karbon stabilizasyonunda kullanımına uygun olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Toprak sıkışması ve sınırlayıcı su aralığı üzerine farklı organik materyallerin etkileri
Authors: NEGİŞ Hamza , ŞEKER Cevdet , ÇETİN Ayşe
Published: December 2020

Toprak sıkışması ve buna bağlı toprağın gözenek yapısının değişimi, tarımsal sürdürebilirliği ve bitkisel verimi olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu olumsuz etkinin azaltılması için çeşitli amenajman uygulamalarının yanında, toprakların organik madde içeriklerinin artırılması önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Ayrıca son yıllarda, toprak sıkışmasının toprağın fiziksel kalitesine etkisini belirlemede sınırlayıcı su aralığı (SSA) kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmada, yüksek sıkışma potansiyeline sahip kil tekstür sınıfına sahip bir toprağa, ağırlıkça %0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 ve 4.0 oranlarında uygulanan sığır gübresi (SG), biyokömür (BK) ve kompostun (KO), altmış günlük inkübasyon sonunda, standart proktor testinde maksimum düzeyde sıkıştırılan örneklerin hacim ağırlığı (HA), toplam gözenekliliği (TG), tarla kapasitesi (TK), solma noktası (SN), faydalı su kapasitesi (FS) ve SSA üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, kontrol (K) örneği ile kıyaslandığında SG, BK ve KO uygulama dozlarındaki artış ile ters orantılı olarak toprağın maksimum HA değerleri azalmış ve TG değerleri ise artış göstermiş, %4 SG, BK ve KO uygulama dozlarında HA değerleri kontrole göre sırasıyla; %12.93, 11.56 ve 14.28 oranında düşerken, TG değerleri de sırasıyla; % 16.18, 14.38 ve 17.98 oranlarında artış göstermiştir. Ayrıca SSA’ nın alt ve üst limitleri uygulamalara bağlı olarak önemli değişkenlikler göstermiş, kullanılan organik materyallerin dozlarındaki artış ile önemli artışlar ölçülmüştür. SSA’ da en yüksek artış kompost uygulamasında %4 dozunda tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre sıkışma eğilimi yüksek ve fiziksel kalitesi düşük olan bir toprağa uygulanan her üç organik materyal de çalışma şartlarında toprağın sıkışma eğilimini azaltarak SSA’ yı genişletmiş ve toprağın fiziksel kalitesini yükseltmiştir.
Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliği arazisi toprak etüdünün güncellenmesi
Authors: MERT AKÇA Hanife , ATATANIR Levent
Published: December 2020

Günümüzde, çiftlik bazında yürütülen detaylı toprak etüt ve haritalama çalışmalarından üretilen her toprak parametresine ait haritaların kullanımı ve zamansal değişimlerinin izlenmesi önem taşımaktadır.

Bu çalışma ile, çiftlik arazisinde 1999 yılında tamamlanmış olan geleneksel toprak etüt ve haritalama çalışmalarının CBS ve uzaktan algılama verilerinden de yararlanılarak güncellenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Önceden 3 fizyografik üniteden biri olan alüviyal araziler kendi içinde 4 farklı grup altında değerlendirilerek toplamda 6 farklı fizyografik ünite oluşturulmuştur. Bu üniteler üzerinde 26 profil çukuru açılmış ve geçmişte 6 olan toprak serisi 15 tane olacak şekilde yeniden tanımlanmıştır. Her seriden horizon esasına göre toprak örnekleri alınmış ve laboratuvarda fiziksel ve kimyasal analizleri yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları ve morfolojik gözlemler sonucunda araştırılan topraklar Toprak Taksonomisi’ne göre Entisol ve Inceptisol, FAO/WRB’ye göre ise Fluvisol, Regosol ve Calcisol olarak sınıflandırılmışlardır. Çalışma sonucunda alanın 1:5000 ölçekli temel toprak haritası ve veri tabanı oluşturulmuştur. Bunun yanında alandaki mevcut ve geleceğe yönelik problem ile öneriler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Organik ve inorganik ve biyo gübrelerin bezelyenin bitkisel özelliklerine etkileri
Authors: BAŞDEMİR Fatma , TUNÇ Murat , İPEKEŞEN Sibel , ELİŞ Seval , BİCER Behiye
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırma organik (Nutri-umix 660, Fosil), inorganik (DAP) ve biyo (Rhizobium leguminoserum) gübrelerin bezelyenin toprak altı ve toprak üstü aksamlarına etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri deneme serasında 2019 yılı bahar yetiştirme mevsiminde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada çiçeklenme öncesi dönem, çiçeklenme dönemi ve çiçeklenme sonrası dönemlerde bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu, yaş ve kuru bitki, kök, yaprak, nodül ve sap ağırlığı, yaprakçık sayısı, nodül sayısı ve yaprak alanı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde bezelyede bitkisel özellikler üzerine uygulamalar arasında en fazla etki Fosil gübresinden elde edilmiştir. Çiçeklenme döneminde yapılan uygulamaların incelenen tüm özellikler üzerine önemli etkilerinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Çiçeklenme sonrası dönemde ise incelenen özellikler üzerine en fazla etkiyi organik gübrelerin gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Üç dönemin birleşik analiz sonuçlarına bakıldığında, incelenen 8 özellik üzerine en çok Nutri-umix, 6 özellik üzerine ise Fosil ve Bakteri uygulamasının olumlu katkılarının olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar bezelye bitkisi yetiştiriciliğinde konvansiyonel tarım uygulamaları yerine organik tarım uygulamalarının tercih edilebileceğini göstermiştir.
THE POLICY OF COLLECTIVIZATION IN KAZAKHSTAN BASED ON THE FORM OF SOCIALIST RESTRUCTURING OF STALIN IN THE SOVIET UNION
Authors: ARKHYMATAYEVA Aınur
Published: December 2020

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 had different effects on the history of the Turkish peoples living in this geography. The main goal of Soviet historiography was the Bolshevik revolution and the confirmation of the victory of communism. In the modern stage of development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the interest of researchers in the national history of the 1920-1930s has increased. This is a completely natural phenomenon, since it was during this period that the foundations of Soviet society were laid.
One of the most important scientific aspects of the historical development of the country in the Republic of Kazakhstan is the history of the Stalinist policy of the Soviet government during the 20-30 years of the 20th century, known as the ‘the Great terror and in the mass repression’. The Soviet Union aimed to weaken the traditional economy of Kazakhs. That policy is considered, mainly, as the history of Stalin’s rule. The article covers the following points: how the Soviet Union destroyed the traditional structure of Kazakh people during the years of Stalin's rule, collectivization and the idea of collective farms, confiscation policy, public protest against Stalin’s collectivization policy and population losses. Thus, a large-scale plan of forced collectivization led not only to the economic crisis of live- stock farming households of Kazakhstan, but also in social and demographic conse- quences in Kazakhstan. This study is based on some historical data from the Soviet sources.
A percepção do profissional enfermeiro frente à comunicação de notícias difíceis
Authors: Silva Alexandre Ernesto , Ribeiro Stefãne Amorim , Carvalho Thayane Vieira , Laia Darlene Heloísa Silva de , Ferreira Gleison José , Oliveira Luiz Alberto de
Published: December 2020

A comunicação é reconhecida como uma condição ou atividade básica da vida humana, que envolve mais que uma troca de ideias ou informações. O processo de comunicação pode desencadear reações positivas e negativas, dependendo do contexto de quem comunica com quem recebe o comunicado. O profissional de enfermagem deve apresentar como competência indispensável e essencial a ser adquirida em sua formação profissional, a habilidade de comunicação, pois ele é o agente ativo na comunicação de informações aos pacientes e seus familiares. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer a percepção do enfermeiro frente à comunicação de notícias difíceis em uma Unidade de pronto atendimento no interior de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de caráter qualitativo descritivo, realizado com 21 enfermeiros que atuam na unidade de pronto atendimento de uma cidade do centro oeste de Minas Gerais no periodo de fevereiro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016. Foi realizada uma entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado elaborado pelos autores. Os enfermeiros entrevistados demonstraram despreparo e desconhecimento em como realizar a comunicação de notícias difíceis, considerando ser de responsabilidade médica. Como trabalhos futuros, espera-se desenvolver estudos que possibilitem que as instituições invistam em programas de Educação Permanente (EP) e que as Universidades incluam essa temática nas grades curriculares da graduação em Enfermagem.
Analysis of WhatsApp as a communicational tool for participative management in pedagogical spaces
Authors: Silva Ronison Oliveira da , Martins Paulo Ubiratã Ferreira , Nascimento-e-Silva Daniel
Published: December 2020

This study aims to assess whether WhatsApp as a pedagogical space can be considered an instrument of participatory management, according to an educational institution's experience in the northern region. It is qualitative work. We researched five subjects who use this application as a pedagogical space to detect their perception of their effectiveness in using this instrument for this purpose. The results showed that this communicational tool could contribute to implementing participatory management in professional and technological education institutions.
QUO VADIS EU ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY?
Authors: Dameria Ellya , Riyadi Ivonne Easteria
Published: December 2020

Environmental issues should be a priority in the study of the current post-modern era of international relations.  The after-effects of industrialization and technological progress have a very crucial impact on the global environment.  Hence, we begin to examine the contemporary history of the efforts of the European countries as the first spearhead of the industrial revolution in dealing with the environmental crisis. The European Union is experiencing a lot of issues, commonly in the case of Environmental Diplomacy. Quo vadis is a Latin phrase meaning “Where are you going?”. From this term, it will be seen how the problems that occur as well as the future that will be confronted with the aid of the EU. EU used to be in conflict with countless events such as with the United States, China, Indonesia, and even had its very own members, specifically Britain.

 

Keywords : Environmental Diplomacy, United States, Indonesia,  European Union.
WATER SECURITY IN ECOLOGICAL POLITICS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA
Authors: Zulkifli Muhammad Yunus
Published: December 2020

The major challenges related to water security today are efforts to reduce flood risk; and efforts to increase water supply for communities, industry and agriculture. The ecohydrological approach is present as a solution to these two challenges. On the other hand, the ecological problem with the issue of water security in it has developed over time and awaits real action by the government. In a political framework, ecological issues have been considered marginal and lacking in priority instead of being dominated by other fields, such as economy, law, and infrastructure. In fact, the government is to be committed to promoting eco-friendly development. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, leadership that cares about the environment as a manifestation of ecological politics is a necessity, and is expected to be present both substantially and factually. With the spirit of ecological leadership, strengthening the environmental sector will be on par with other sectors. 

Keywords: water security, eco-friendly development, ecological politics, ecological leadership.
Simulating the Speed control System of Wind Turbines Using MATLAB Software
Authors: Hosseini Bafoghi Seyed Mojtaba , Khezri Hamidreza
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a mathematical method is proposed to control the output frequency of a self-excited induction generator using wind turbines and static loads. A dynamic model of the wind turbine is implemented to model the Connections and fittings of the wind turbine to convert the wing energy to electrical energy. Also a PID controller system is proposed to control the rotor speed of the wind turbine. The proposed mathematical model is developed in MATLAB-Simulink software. The simulation results showed that the developed controller can be used to control the wind turbine velocity.
Balıkçılığın eski Anadolu toplumlarındaki yeri
Authors: GÜRGÖR İlkem , ÖZER İsmail
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, Anadolu’da Paleolitik Çağ’dan günümüze gelinceye kadar balık ve balıkçılığın yeri araştırılmıştır. Bu makalede incelenen alan, Akdeniz, Karadeniz, Marmara Denizi ve Ege Denizi ile çok sayıda iç suların dahil olduğu su habitatlarını içermektedir. Bu ortamlar, geniş spektrumlu ekonomilerin ortaya çıkmasına katkıda bulunan, kalıcı olarak veya deniz yoluyla istismar edilmiş olabilecek çeşitli sucul beslenme kaynakları sunmuştur. Yapılan çalışmalar, balıkçılığın tarihöncesi dönemlerden itibaren Anadolu’da yaşayan toplumların ekonomik ve sosyal yaşamlarında önemli bir yer tuttuğunu göstermiştir. Bu doğrultudaki çalışmalarda yaygın biçimde sazan, yayın, çipura, turna balığı, orkinos, kefal gibi balıklar ve midye, istiridye, dikenli salyangoz gibi denizel omurgasızlara ait buluntular tespit edilmiştir. Balık buluntularının, balık istismarını ve balıkçılık pratiklerinin boyutunu anlamanın yanı sıra, ticarî ilişkiler ve kurban ritüellerindeki rolünü belgelemek adına da oldukça önemli olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
TRANSPARANSI DAN AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN ALOKASI DANA DESA: STUDI DI DESA SONDO KECAMATAN MONTA KABUPATEN BIMA
Authors: Sukardi Sukardi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan prinsip transparansi dalam tata kelola keuangan dana desa (ADD) di Desa Sondo Kecamatan Monta Kabupaten Bima. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data ditentukan sebanyak 16 orang dari subyek penelitian. Teknik pengumpul data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data diolah dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif, yakni: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan: (1) berdasarkan keempat indikator kaitan dengan fokus transparansi penggunaan ADD, hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa tersedianya informasi yang memadai pada setiap proses penyusunan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan penggunaan ADD, adanya akses pada informasi cukup mudah dijangkau, bebas diperoleh dan tepat waktu dalam penggunaan ADD, adanya peraturan yang menjamin hak untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang penggunaan ADD, tersedianya pusat informasi layanan pendidikan seperti media, papan pengumuman, dan lain-lain dalam penggunaan ADD, dan hasil pelaksanaannya sudah berjalan sesuai dengan aturan penggunaan ADD. (2) berdasarkan keempat indikator kaitan dengan fokus akuntabilitas penggunaan ADD, hasil penelitian menemukan, bahwa prosedur atau tata cara Penggunaan ADD sudah jelas, persyaratan penggunaan ADD sudah terbuka, satuan kerja atau pejabat penanggung jawab penggunaan ADD jelas, waktu penyelesaian dan rincian biaya atau tarif dan hal-hal lain yang berkaitan dengan proses penggunaan ADD telah diinformasikan, dan hasil pelaksanaannya sudah berjalan sesuai dengan aturan penggunaan ADD
Microstructures and mechanical properties of austenitic light-weight steels, and prediction of property distribution in large-scale slab
Authors: Kim Tae-Ha , Choi Yoon Suk , Kim Kyeong-Won , Park Seong-Jun , Park Jun Young , Jeong Kyeongjae , Han Heung Nam , Shin Jong-Ho
Published: December 2020

The effects of the cooling rate, after solution heat treatment, on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Fe-22Mn-8Al-0.8C-0.02Nb (low carbon) and Fe-20Mn-8Al-1.1C-0.1Nb (high carbon) light-weight steels were systematically investigated. The cooling process was controlled to achieve six different cooling rates, ranging from -0.016 to -465.1 oC/s. Under the slowest cooling rate (furnace cooling), intra-granular and inter-granular precipitations of κ-carbides were observed throughout the austenite grains. The higher the C content was, the larger the size of the inter-granular κ-carbides was. The formation of κ-carbides resulted in an increase in yield strength, and a decrease in elongation and impact absorbed energy. In the Fe-20Mn-8Al1.1C-0.1Nb, the inter-granular precipitation of κ-carbides caused a drastic decrease in the impact absorbed energy and the inter-granular brittle fracture. To predict the distribution of yield strength and impact absorbed energy at production scale (a 10-ton scale slab), finite element analysis was conducted for water cooling and air cooling conditions. The average cooling rates at the center of the slab under water cooling and air cooling were predicted to be -0.126 and -0.031 oC/s, respectively. Based on predicted cooling rates, the distribution of mechanical properties was determined. The prediction suggested that a large-scale slab of the light-weight steel with low C content would have good toughness at the center of the slab regardless of cooling condition.
Electricity Load Forecasting via ANN Approach in Turkish Electricity Markets
Authors: GÖKGÖZ Fazıl , FİLİZ Fahrettin
Published: December 2020

Forecasting electricity load has become the essential task for electric utilities, power plants and regulators. It is essential that electricity load forecasts, which are a vital necessity of energy policies, produce healthy and reliable results. Artificial neural networks (ANN) can learn complex and nonlinear relationships. This article introduces 400 different ANN models for electricity load forecasting. Model performances have compared with Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Diebold-Mariano (DM) test. The electricity load data used for this study range from 2014 to 2016. The variation in forecasting ability of ANN for different models has also discussed. Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) with log-sigmoid transfer function trains the best performance ANN model.
Large-Eddy Simulations of Rim Seal Flow in a One-Stage Axial Turbine
Authors: Hösgen Thomas , Meinke Matthias , Schröder Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

The flow field in a one-stage axial flow turbine with 30 stator and 62 rotor blades including the wheel space is investigated by large-eddy simulation (LES). The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a massively parallel finite-volume solver based on a Cartesian mesh with immersed boundaries. The strict conservation of mass, momentum, and energy is ensured by an efficient cut-cell/level-set ansatz, where a separate level-set solver describes the motion of the rotor. Both solvers use individual subsets of a shared Cartesian mesh, which they can adapt independently. The focus of the analysis is on the flow field inside the rotor stator cavity between the stator and rotor disks. Two cooling gas mass flow rates are investigated for the same rim seal geometry. First, the time averaged flow field for both simulations is compared, followed by a detailed investigation of the unsteady flow field. The results for the cooling effectiveness are compared to experimental data. Both cases show good agreement with experimental data. It is shown that for the lower cooling gas mass flux several of the wheel space’s acoustic waves are excited. This is not observed for the higher cooling gas mass flux. The excited waves lead to stable, i.e., bounded, fluctuations inside the wheel space and result in a significantly higher hot gas ingestion.
Epidemic trends of SARS-CoV-2 associated with immunity, race, and viral mutations
Authors: Kamikubo Yasuhiko , Hattori Toshio , Takahashi Atsushi
Published: December 2020

The world has been plagued by complex waves of SARS-CoV-2 epidemics that vary from region to region, leaving the end of the pandemic unpredictable. Here we performed "genetic fingerprinting" to compare the local viral genotypes with epidemiological information and reveal the molecular dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic worldwide. A multifaceted analyses of the epidemic trends and their relationship to virus genotypes, regional herd immunity, population density, and race has shown that epidemic outcomes are affected by: (1) Increased fitness of the virus due to mutations of viral proteins; (2) Immunity against previously prevalent subtypes that prevents or exacerbates COVID-19; (3) Immune evasion due to viral mutations; (4) Viral competition with coexisting subtypes; (5) Dense and crowded living environment; (6) Racial and social disparities; (7) Upper limit of viral mutations that enable natural selection. These findings provide an overview of the current epidemic, help predict the future, and develop effective countermeasures.
Till minne av Kerstin Johansson
Authors: Osvaldsson Cromdal Karin
Published: December 2020

-
Influence of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated From Osteoblasts of Patients With Cox-Arthrosis and/or Osteoporosis on Metabolism and Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs
Authors: Niedermair Tanja , Lukas Christoph , Li Shushan , Stöckl Sabine , Craiovan Benjamin , Brochhausen Christoph , Federlin Marianne , Herrmann Marietta , Grässel Susanne
Published: December 2020

Background:Studies with extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) indicate benefits for the treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies as osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP). However, little is known about intercellular effects of EVs derived from pathologically altered cells that might influence the outcome by counteracting effects from “healthy” MSC derived EVs. We hypothesize, that EVs isolated from osteoblasts of patients with hip OA (coxarthrosis/CA), osteoporosis (OP), or a combination of both (CA/OP) might negatively affect metabolism and osteogenic differentiation of bone-marrow derived (B)MSCs.

Methods:Osteoblasts, isolated from bone explants of CA, OP, and CA/OP patients, were compared regarding growth, viability, and osteogenic differentiation capacity. Structural features of bone explants were analyzed via μCT. EVs were isolated from supernatant of naïve BMSCs and CA, OP, and CA/OP osteoblasts (osteogenic culture for 35 days). BMSC cultures were stimulated with EVs and subsequently, cell metabolism, osteogenic marker gene expression, and osteogenic differentiation were analyzed.

Results:Trabecular bone structure was different between the three groups with lowest number and highest separation in the CA/OP group. Viability and Alizarin red staining increased over culture time in CA/OP osteoblasts whereas growth of osteoblasts was comparable. Alizarin red staining was by trend higher in CA compared to OP osteoblasts after 35 days and ALP activity was higher after 28 and 35 days. Stimulation of BMSC cultures with CA, OP, and CA/OP EVs did not affect proliferation but increased caspase 3/7-activity compared to unstimulated BMSCs. BMSC viability was reduced after stimulation with CA and CA/OP EVs compared to unstimulated BMSCs or stimulation with OP EVs. ALP gene expression and activity were reduced in BMSCs after stimulation with CA, OP, and CA/OP EVs. Stimulation of BMSCs with CA EVs reduced Alizarin Red staining by trend.

Conclusion:Stimulation of BMSCs with EVs isolated from CA, OP, and CA/OP osteoblasts had mostly catabolic effects on cell metabolism and osteogenic differentiation irrespective of donor pathology and reflect the impact of tissue microenvironment on cell metabolism. These catabolic effects are important for understanding differences in effects of EVs on target tissues/cells when harnessing them as therapeutic drugs.
Charge-Mediated Co-assembly of Amphiphilic Peptide and Antibiotics Into Supramolecular Hydrogel With Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Xu Lei , Shen Qian , Huang Linzhuo , Xu Xiaoding , He Huiyan
Published: December 2020

Bacteria are the most common pathogens to cause infection of surgical sites, which usually induce severe postoperative morbidity and more healthcare costs. Inhibition of bacteria adhesion and colonization is an effective strategy to prevent the spread of infection at the surgical sites. Hydrogels have been widely used as promising antibacterial materials, due to their unique porous structure that could accommodate various antibacterial agents (e.g., antibiotics and cationic polymers with inherent antibacterial activity). Herein, inspired by the natural protein self-assembly, an amphiphilic peptide comprised of a hydrophobic naphthyl (Nap) acetyl tail and a hydrophilic peptide backbone was employed to construct supramolecular hydrogel for sustained release of the antibiotic polymyxin B. At neutral pH, the negatively charged amphiphilic peptide could form electrostatic attraction interaction with the positively charged polymyxin B, which could thus drive the ionized peptide molecules to get close to each other and subsequently trigger the self-assembly of the amphiphilic peptide into supramolecular hydrogel via intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction among the peptide backbones and π-stacking of the hydrophobic Nap tails. More importantly, the electrostatic attraction interaction between polymyxin B and the amphiphilic peptide could ensure the sustained release of polymyxin B from the supramolecular hydrogel, leading to an effective inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli growth. Combining the good biocompatibility of the amphiphilic peptide, the supramolecular hydrogel developed in this work shows a great potential for the surgical site infection application.
A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells: Blocking the PI3K/Akt Signaling Axis With Caffeic Acid
Authors: Park Se-Ra , Kim Soo-Rim , Hong In-Sun , Lee Hwa-Yong
Published: December 2020

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a multiple of cancer types and resistant to traditional cancer therapies such as chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy, which may destroy bulk tumor cells but not all CSCs, contributing to reformation tumor masses and subsequent relapse. Moreover, it is very difficult to effectively identify and eliminate CSCs because they share some common phenotypic and functional characteristics of normal stem cells. Therefore, finding better therapeutic strategies to selectively target CSCs might be helpful to reduce subsequent malignancies. In the present study, we found that caffeic acid effectively suppresses self-renewal capacity, stem-like characteristics, and migratory capacity of CD44+ and CD133+ colorectal CSCs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we also revealed that PI3K/Akt signaling may be linked to multiple colorectal CSC-associated characteristics, such as radio-resistance, stem-like property, and tumorigenic potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that caffeic acid effectively targets colorectal CSC populations by inhibiting the growth and/or self-renewal capacity of colorectal CSCs through PI3K/Akt signaling in vitro and in vivo.
CircHmbox1 Targeting miRNA-1247-5p Is Involved in the Regulation of Bone Metabolism by TNF-α in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Zhuochao , Li Changwei , Huang Ping , Hu Fangqiong , Jiang Min , Xu Xing , Li Bin , Deng Lianfu , Ye Tianwen , Guo Lei
Published: December 2020

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) promotes osteoclasts differentiation to enhance bone resorption and inhibits osteoblasts differentiation to impair bone formation, which plays a central role in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Recent studies implicated an important role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in osteoporosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether circRNAs might be implicated in TNF-α-regulated osteoclasts differentiation and osteoblasts differentiation in PMOP. QRT-PCR was applied to detect expression of circRNA-circHmbox1 and miR-1247-5p in TNF-α-induced osteoclasts differentiation. Western blot, TRAP staining, alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, transwell and cell transfection were conducted to confirm that TNF-α inhibited osteoblasts differentiation by exosomal with low circHmbox1 expression from osteoclasts. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter revealed the mechanisms of the circHmbox1/miR-1247-5p/B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) interaction. In this study, we found that the level of circRNA-circHmbox1 was obviously reduced in TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation in vivo and in vitro. CircHmbox1 could inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclasts differentiation primarily through binding to microRNA-1247-5p. TNF-α decreased osteoblasts differentiation by exosomal with low circHmbox1 expression from osteoclasts. Mechanistic studies showed that microRNA-1247-5p regulated osteoclasts differentiation and osteoblasts differentiation by targeting Bcl6, which was confirmed to play opposite roles in osteoblasts differentiation and osteoclasts differentiation. Our results provide evidence that circHmbox1-targeting miR-1247-5p is involved in the regulation of bone metabolisms by TNF-α in PMOP.