bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Política (i)migratória brasileira e a construção de um perfil de imigrante desejado: lugar de memória e impasses
Authors: Frazão Samira Moratti
Published: April 2018

The proposal of this article was reflected in the place of memory occupied by the (i)migratory politics of Brazil and its reflections in the media discourses. In order to do so, studies on a Brazilian legislation that were in force during the end of the 19th century were contemplated, as well as the transformations occurring until the present day, the central focus is the international immigratory flows. It was also selected news reports on immigrant groups in the present, intersecting a critique of the decrees and laws examined with the media discourses. In order to do so, a comparative analysis was carried out, observing consonants and dissonants points in the legislation of the past that still emerges in the present, by the current legal instrument, and / or media narratives.
FOUCAULT, Michel. A grande estrangeira: sobre literatura. Tradução Fernando Scheibe. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica Editora, 2016.
Authors: Lima Wallas Jefferson de
Published: April 2018

Resenha da obra "A grande estrangeira" de Michel Foucault.
Provedoria da Fazenda Real & Alfândega de Pernambuco administração e funcionamento - 1701- 1725
Authors: Santos Luanna Ventura , Almeida Suely Cordeiro
Published: April 2018

Neste trabalho pretendemos demonstrar o funcionamento de uma alfândega e a composição de seu oficialato régio utilizando principalmente o exemplo de Pernambuco, a partir de documentação disponível no Brasil. A Provedoria da Fazenda Real de Pernambuco e Alfândega se encontravam imbricadas na primeira metade do século XVIII. Na primeira parte procuraremos demonstrar o poder do administrador dessas duas instituições e como sua família permaneceu por várias gerações no ofício de Provedor e Juiz da Alfândega. Na segunda buscaremos elucidar o funcionamento interno da Alfândega de Pernambuco; as mudanças no quadro de seus oficiais; a preocupação da coroa como a idoneidade do oficialato; as querelas entre os administradores graduados da coroa em Pernambuco.
Um humanista “além-fronteiras”: um estudo sobre Damião de Góis
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Carlos Mauro de
Published: April 2018

Desejamos, neste artigo, realizar um exercício de interpretação de um pequeno conjunto de textos do humanista português – Damião de Góis (1504-1572) – tendo em vista a trajetória política do Reino de Portugal no século XVI. Processado pelo Tribunal da Inquisição, Góis pareceu ter deixado registrado, em seus textos e no processo, algumas perspectivas e visões de mundo que dialogam com Erasmo de Roterdã e com um Humanismo do Norte. Por sua vez, sua trajetória de vida e algumas anotações feitas pelos inquisidores no processo podem permitir lançar algumas hipóteses sobre como a ortodoxia católica rompeu com o Humanismo ao longo do XVI. Um cristianismo interno e tolerante – mais ligado à Devotio Moderna – foi transformado em luteranismo e, depois, perseguido.
DIFFERENCES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLAR ENERGY INVESTMENTS USING
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS AND SOLAR COLLECTORS IN LUBELSKIE AND MAZOWIECKIE
VOIVODSHIPS’ MUNICIPALITIES
Authors: Klepacka Anna Maria
Published: April 2018

The paper emphasizes the differences in the concentration of investments with the use of photovoltaic panels and solar collectors in voivodships with significant potential for using solar energy. The subject of the paper addresses, among others, the significant changes in renewable energy sources (RES) and EU subsidies that affect the economics of solar micro-installations in Poland. The study applied data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, which included completed operations under the rural development program (RDP) for the period 2007-2013. The percentage share of the number of photovoltaic panel installations in Lubelskie and Mazowieckie Voivodships constituted 22% of that type of investments in the country (13% and 9% respectively, with a total capacity of 2,634 kW). However, in the case of the number of solar collector installations, the percentage share in Lubelskie and Mazowieckie Voivodships accounted for 44% of such installations in Poland (29% and 15%, respectively, with a total capacity of 4,239 kW). The results confirm the view that the location is an important determinant of photovoltaic panel and solar collector installations in Poland as shown in the examined voivodships characterized by the favorable solar radiation conditions.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ACADEMIC TEACHING IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Authors: Pietrzak Piotr
Published: April 2018

The paper discusses the effectiveness of teaching in fields representing agricultural sciences. Empirical
verification was based on data taken from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. The research is
a pilot study and concerns 1935 graduates of 10 Polish public universities, who obtained a second-cycle
full-time studies diploma in 2015. Cluster analysis was performed using Ward’s method and squared
Euclidean distance. The conducted procedure allowed to distinguish three clusters of fields differing in
level of effectiveness of teaching. In general, the highest effectiveness in the studied group of fields of
science was characterized by those that were run through universities located in the capital and cities
over 500,000 residents.
THE OUTLINE OF A CONCEPT OF FA RM'S CLOSURE COSTS
Authors: Wojewodzic Tomasz
Published: April 2018

The number of farms in Poland at different stages of closure ranged from 40,000 to 400,000 in 2016,
depending on definitions and methods of estimates that have been adopted. The paper’s main purpose
was to present the concept of private costs related to closing a farm which can be an important factor
impeding structural changes affecting Polish agriculture. The costs of winding up a business such as a
farm include expenses related to closing its production, preparing and effecting the transfer of land and
capital to other entities as well as other economic costs (lost economic rents). To-date no studies presenting
amounts of the related costs have been developed.
Utilizing Animal Models of Infantile Spasms
Authors: Dulla Chris G.
Published: April 2018

Infantile spasms are a devastating epileptic encephalopathy characterized by early life spasms and later seizures. Clinical outcomes of infantile spasms are poor and therapeutic options are limited with significant adverse effects. Therefore, new strategies to treat infantile spasms are of the utmost importance. Animals models of infantile spasms are a critical component of developing new therapies. Here, we review current chronic animal models of infantile spasms and consider future advances that may help improve patient care, as well as our scientific understanding of this debilitating disease.
Musicalização: memórias, experiências e sensibilidades na terceira idade
Authors: Natume Hilda , Pillotto Silvia Sell Duarte , Strapazzon Mirtes Antunes Locatelli
Published: April 2018

Este artigo, recorte de uma pesquisa acadêmica, teve como objetivo analisar as práticas educativas em musicalização na terceira idade, mobilizando memórias e experiências como construção de sentidos e relações com o cotidiano. Para concretização da pesquisa desenvolvemos experiências com um grupo de 30 idosos num Centro de Referência de Assistência Social e num Centro de Artes, oportunizando-lhes revisitarem memórias a partir de práticas educativas em musicalização, bem como apreciação musical. A pesquisa, de abordagem cartográfica, pautou-se nas narrativas e experiências dos idosos por meio de práticas educativas em musicalização, buscando potencializar esses dois espaços e valorizar as suas ações cotidianas. Os resultados apontaram que a musicalização reativou a memória dos idosos por intermédio de vivências das músicas e letras de outras épocas de suas vidas, mobilizando-os a valorizar o ontem como essencial no seu dia a dia. Fazer e apreciar música oportunizou o compartilhamento de ideias e sentires.
Cuidado: eixo da vida, desafio da enfermagem
Authors: Schoeller Soraia Dornelles , Leopardi Maria Tereza , Ramos Flávia Souza
Published: April 2018

Neste artigo, fazemos uma reflexão sobre o que seja cuidado, cuidado de enfermagem e de algumas premissas e consequências da realização deste cuidado. Assumimos o cuidado como componente essencial para a vida e dependente do amor, com as dimensões do eu, do outro e do planeta. Na enfermagem, o desafio que se coloca é como transformar este cuidado em cuidado terapêutico no qual, sujeito enfermo e sujeito cuidador se relacionem para buscar uma maior autonomia do primeiro, sempre com base em valores como conhecimento e respeito mútuo, ou seja: como realizar um cuidado mais plástico, mais arte ao lado da técnica, conhecendo o outro a partir do seu olhar.
A metodologia de Callista Roy aplicada em clientes submetidos à intervenção hemodinâmica
Authors: Krauzer Ivete Maroso , Brocardo Dania , Scarsi Telma
Published: April 2018

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo exploratório descritiva, que identificou o perfil de saúde dos clientes em tratamento hemodinâmico e desenvolveu o Processo de Enfermagem (PE), fundamentado em Callista Roy. Realizou-se com 52 clientes, no Centro de Hemodinâmica de um hospital privado, de fevereiro a maio de 2010. Utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado para coleta de dados. A maioria tinha mais de 60 anos, aposentados, casados, moradores de Chapecó, com ensino fundamental. Os fatores de risco principais foram: idade acima de 60 anos, a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS), obesidade e vida sedentária. Os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem foram: ansiedade relacionada à morte (100%); risco de dor aguda (85%) e integridade da pele prejudicada (75%). Os resultados obtidos podem contribuir para a enfermagem embasar o cuidado no PE, identificar os fatores de risco, atuar na prevenção e num serviço de alta complexidade que exige conhecimentos especializados.
Coronariografia no laboratório de hemodinâmica em um hospital público: conhecimento dos pacientes
Authors: Menuci Chistian , Vargas Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira
Published: April 2018

Investigação qualitativa exploratória com o objetivo de identificar o conhecimento dos pacientes que se submetem a coronariografia no Laboratório de Hemodinâmica de um Hospital Público. Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa, efetivou-se a coleta de dados por entrevista semi-estruturada com os pacientes maiores de 18 anos, portadores de cardiopatias encaminhados pela primeira vez para realização eletiva de coronariografia. O número de participantes totalizou 15 (quinze), determinado por saturação dos dados. Na Análise Temática, foram explorados os temas desconhecimento dos pacientes sobre o exame coronariografia e importância da orientação prévia no conhecimento dos pacientes. Concluiu-se que os profissionais de enfermagem necessitam revigorar a sua capacidade de comunicação com os pacientes. Pode-se corroborar que a orientação adequada minimizaria o desconhecimento dos pacientes acerca do exame coronariografia. Há necessidade de estudos que validem modos de efetivar orientações articulados à diminuição da ansiedade e insegurança do paciente e das complicações do procedimento.
Reflexões sobre a interdisciplinaridade no processo de trabalho de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial
Authors: Meirelles Maria Carolina Pinheiro , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Hypolito Álvaro Moreira
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a interdisciplinaridade e suas implicações no processo de trabalho de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, considerando alguns conceitos e estudos existentes sobre o tema. É visível que os desafios para realização de práticas interdisciplinares passam pela superação de questões como: a manutenção de um modelo hegemonicamente médico-centrado, o fato dos profissionais às vezes não perceberem com clareza o seu papel na equipe e a existência de conflitos de poderes intrainstitucionais. Mas também, observam-se efetivos trabalhos interdisciplinares, com responsabilidade compartilhada e principalmente solidariedade, com os outros profissionais e com os usuários; não se limitando somente aos seus saberes e fazeres específicos, mas atuando com criatividade no campo de conhecimento da saúde, na perspectiva da integralidade do cuidado em saúde mental.
PRE-SOWING SEED INOCULATION IN THE BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL SEED PRODUCTION
Authors: STEVOVIĆ Vladeta , LAZAREVIĆ Đorđe , TOMIĆ Dalibor , DELIĆ Dušica , ĐUROVIĆ Dragan
Published: April 2018

A prerequisite for the improvement of birdsfoot trefoilproduction is the productionof sufficient quantities of good quality seeds. The aim of the study was to analyzethe impact of the seed inoculation with mesorhizobial bacteria on yield and yieldcomponents of birdsfoot trefoil seed (Lotus corniculatus L. ). In experimentbirdsfoot trefoil cultivars Zora, K-37 and Rocco, and two strains of Mesorhizobiumloti were used. A trial was carried out in spring 2012 on a private estate in thevillage of Ivanovci near Ljig (Serbia) and were set up on brown forest soil type,using a randomized block design with three replications and plot size of 5 m(5x1m). Seed inoculation was performed immediately before sowing. Sowing wascarried out at a distance of 20 cm row spacing with the amount of seed of 10 kg ha-. Irrespective of inoculation, cultivars significantly differed in terms of the numberof stems m-. Two-factorial experiment showed significant influence of M. lotistrains as well as interaction between the strains and the cultivars on seed yield andyield components investigated (with exemption on seed number per pod). Generally,both strains of M. loti have had a positive impact on yield components andseed yield of the birdsfoot trefoil cultivars. Inoculation of seeds has significantlyinfluenced the increase ofthousand seeds weight in the cultivar Rocco, number ofstems m- and seed yield of cultivars Zora and Rocco.
SANITARY CONDITION OF PICEA ABIES (L. ) KARST. YOUNG FOREST STANDS DEPENDING ON THE SPATIAL SPECIFICITY
Authors: RUBA Jelena , MIEZITE Olga , LIEPA Imants
Published: April 2018

As a result of nature resources intensive use, most of ecosystems have beenconverted. Anthropogenic impact includes changes of forest stands structure andtheir spatial specificity in the forest area. Accordingly the sanitary state of Norwayspruce young forest stands can be affected by different risk impact factors ofmanagement. The aim of the research was to analyze the spruce Picea abies (L. )Karst. young forest stands sanitary condition depending on forest plots spatialspecificity and location in the forest areas. The data were collected in 4 regions ofLatvia in spruce young forest stands (1 - 40 years old). The research was conductedin young natural and artificial stands (pure – 44, mixed – 42). In total 502 sampleplots with a total area of 28250 mwere installed. The particular plot size (25, 50,100 and 200 m) were selected depending on the stand average tree height, whiletheir number depended on the forest stand area. A total area of investigated foreststands were 127. 5 hectares. Results showed that the expression of spatial specificsdepended on risk factors and their intensity, as well as the environmentalcharacteristics. Damages caused by abiotic risk factors at different forest standswere not the same regarding intensity, nature and volume, but more or less closelywere related to all site conditions. Spatial specificity of forest stands area (regularand irregular), as well as their location in the forest massif significantly affects thespruce young forests sanitary status (respectively p=0. 027 and p=0. 002). Differentrisk factors damage to forests, bordering with spruce or pine young growths,cutovers and various types of infrastructure, were identified as much moreimportant.
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF SOME LAVENDER AND LAVANDIN CULTIVARSIN VITRO AND IN SITU
Authors: GREBENNIKOVA Oksana , PALIY Anfisa , BRAILKO Valentina , MITROFANOVA Olga , RABOTYAGOV Valery , ZHDANOVA Irina , MITROFANOVA Irina
Published: April 2018

Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and (LavandulaxintermediaEmericexLoisel) arepromising fragrant plants with medicinal, aromatic and ornamental properties.Since the collection plantations of these crops are very damaged with viralpathogens and there is lack of seed propagation in valuable cultivars 'Belyanka','Record' (lavender) and 'Rabat', 'Snezhnyi Bars' (lavandin), were introduced invitro. Chemotherapy was used for cleaning up. Regenerants were cultured (4-5months) on MS medium with 0. 3 mg L- Kinetin, 0. 025 mg L- NAA and 0. 25 mgL- GA3 at 25±1°C under 16-h photoperiod. Intact plants were studied during thegrowing season. In order to reveal plants` biotechnological and genetic capacitysome biochemical stress indicators, indexes of photosynthetic activity and waterregime were identified. Under the open field cultivation, tested plants were rich inascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, and redox enzymes (catalase, polyphenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase) were active. Leaf tissue hydration was 56-62%,with greater part of bound water. Photosynthetic activity was reduced only in thesamples with visible damages with viral pathogens. In plants cultured in vitro,amount of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds were lower, so as enzymaticactivity and proline concentration were higher than in intact plants. The rate ofhydration was high (70-77%), with the same trend of water fractional composition.Photosynthetic activity and vitality index indicated no photoinhibition. It wasfound out the lavandin cultivars had better capacity for a wide use under variousculture conditions.
REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF ROTATIONAL INTENSITY, CROP DIVERSITY INDEX, LAND UTILIZATION INDEX AND YIELD EFFICIENCY IN BIO-INTENSIVE AND CONVENTIONAL FARMING SYSTEMS IN NEPAL
Authors: RAJBHANDARI Binayak
Published: April 2018

This study was conducted in Udayapur district, Nepal. A questionnaire-basedsurvey with 100 household heads along with field visit and personal interactionwith the concerned farmers were conducted to gather required information. Datawere analyzed to compute rotational intensity (RI), crop diversity index (CDI),land utilization index (LUI), and yield efficiency (YE). Regression analyses weredone to reveal relationships among these traits. Bio-intensive farming system(BIFS) farmers were found to practice scientific crop rotation substantially morethan conventional farming system (CFS) farmers both in rice-based and maizebasedcropping systems. In this study, higher RI, CDI, LUI and YE were found insustainable bio-intensive farming system (BIFS) as compared to conventionalfarming system (CFS). The study has revealed strong positive relationship of RIwith CDI and LUI in BIFS, CFS and in general. Cropping system both in BIFS andCFS with scientific crop rotation that ensures higher CDI and LUI is recommendedfor increasing yield efficiency. Direct positive relationship among RI, CDI and LUIhas been revealed by this study as a rule; and has suggested to be used in validatingyield efficiency of optional farming system as compared to the mainstreamconventional farming system.
A GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF USABILITY OF A ROCKSOIL MIXTURE FOR EARTH STRUCTURES
Authors: ZAWISZA Eugeniusz , GRUCHOT Andrzej
Published: April 2018

The subject-matter of the work is a mixture of rock and soil from the LafargeDubie mine in Rudawa, southern Poland. The conducted tests aimed at thedetermination of the geotechnical characteristics of this mixture and the evaluationof its suitability for the construction of earth embankments, in particular road ones.The range of the tests comprised determination of parameters characterisingphysical properties, such as granulometric composition, natural moisture content,density of solid particles, optimum moisture content and maximum dry density ofsolid particles, as well as mechanical ones, like shear strength. The obtained resultsshow that the tested mixture is suitable for the construction of road embankments,since as coarse-grained soil, it has a high value of the uniformity coefficient (Cu =1913). Therefore, this is very well graded soil, which provides a good compactionwhen it is built into the embankment. The natural moisture content (on average wn= 9.5%) is close to the optimum one (wopt = 8.5%). The maximum dry density ofsolid particles (ds = 2.16 gcm-3) is much higher than the minimum required (d ≥1.6 gcm-3). The values of the angle of internal friction (on average  = 36) andcohesion (c = 42 kPa) indicate great shear strength, therefore this soil can besubjected to considerable mechanical stresses.
USE OF LOCAL COMPOSTED WINERY WASTE FOR LETTUCE PRODUCTION IN LEBANON
Authors: EL SEBAALY Zeina , KFOURY Linda , NABHAN Georges , SHABAN Nidal , SASSINE Youssef Najib
Published: April 2018

Recently, the Lebanese wine sector has been witnessing a non-precedent growthproducing huge amounts of winery wastes referred to as grape marc. The effect ofusing grape marc compost on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production wasinvestigated in an open-field experiment in Central Bekaa. Seedlings of theRomaine variety were planted in different substrates: S1: 100% soil or control, S2:75%soil + 25% grape marc compost, S3: 25%soil + 75% grape marc compost andS4: 100% grape marc compost. Root growth, leaf growth and leaf characteristicswere compared among the different mixtures. Tests showed that the grape marccompost contained acceptable values of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organicmatter and a perfect germination index ranking between 0.8 and 1 for the direct anddiluted solutions. Results showed that at early stages of growth, the best resultswere obtained from plants grown in the substrate S4. However, at later stages ofgrowth, grape marc compost with a percentage higher than 50% (S4) in the mixtureinduced lower averages of leaf number, length and width of largest leaf and leafweight and those higher than 25% (S3 and S4) increased dry matter and totalsoluble solids content due to its low water holding capacity causing a water stresson plants. Root growth was proportional to increased percentages of grape marccompost. Finally, composted grape marc provided the highest benefit to plantswhen added to soil in quantities of 25% by volume allowing the best yield increase(47%) compared to control.
EVALUATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN NEW COTTON CULTIVARS USING STRESS TOLERANCE INDICES
Authors: KOLEVA Minka , DIMITROVA Valentina
Published: April 2018

Drought is a wide-spread problem seriously influencing production and quality ofcotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), but development of resistant cultivars is hamperedby the lack of effective selection criteria. The objective of this study was toevaluate the ability of several selection indices to identify drought tolerant cultivarsunder different environmental conditions. Thirteen cotton cultivars were evaluatedunder both moisture stress (2016) and non-stress (2013) field environments using arandomized complete block design for each environment. Six drought toleranceindices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI),tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity(GMP) and mean harmonic productivity (HMP) were used. The significant andpositive correlation of yield of genotype under non-stress condition (Yp) and MP,GMP and STI showed that these indices were more effective in identifying highyielding cultivars under different moisture conditions. The results of calculatedgain from indirect selection in moisture stress environment would improve yieldbetter than selection from non moisture stress environment. Coton breeders should,therefore, take into account the stress severity of the environment in choosing anindex. The varieties Viki and Avangard-264 had the highest yields under non-stressconditions. Vega and Chirpan-539 varieties had a low yield potential and showed ahigh stress tolerance to drought.
Obrazowo mówiąc. O grach wizualno-werbalnych na okładkach tygodników publicystycznych
Authors: Maliszewski Bartłomiej
Published: April 2018

Artykuł jest poświęcony komunikatom wizualno-werbalnym na okładkach czasopism publicystycznych. Bogaty w znaczenia komunikat, który łączy elementy ikoniczne i słowne, pozwala analizować relację pomiędzy obydwoma komponentami, a także prześledzić wielopoziomowy charakter odczytywanych treści. W artykule przedstawiono przykłady ikonizacji przekazów werbalnych i ukazano wpływ obrazu na sposób odczytywania słów, a także wpływ języka na sposób interpretowania znaków ikonicznych.
Gerçekliği Farklı Düzlemlerde Geri Kazanmak: Eleştirel Realizm / Regaining Reality on Different Platforms: Critical Realism
Authors: Yücedağ İbrahim , Sarsılmaz Fidan
Published: April 2018

Abstract

In discussions over the natural existence of what has been communally described, the issue of how this existence is reached is among the basic problems of social theory. The main objective in the mutual understanding of commonality forms the central argument of social theory, over which there is a pursuit of order. Especially with the emphasis that he has made on different layers of reality – actual, real, and empirical – Bhaskar, who objects to the errors of voluntarism and reification in social theory, suggests a naturalistic model by emphasizing the model of thoughtful action. Bhaskar does not refute realism but plasticizes it with a new theoretic perspective, and he opens the discussion of the limits of the possibilities of naturalism. In this study, the effort with which Roy Bhaskar again tried to prioritize epistemology and ontology on an equal level and that he defined as critical realism is attempted to be understood.

Öz

Toplumsal olarak tanımlananın neliği üzerine yapılan tartışmalarda bu neliğe nasıl ulaşılacağı meselesi sosyal teorinin temel problemlerindendir. Özellikle sosyal teorinin ilk dönemi için merkezi konunun bir düzen arayışı olduğu bilinmektedir. Özellikle gerçekliğin farklı katmanlarına yaptığı vurguyla -aktüel, reel ve ampirik- sosyal teorideki iradecilik ve şeyleştirme hatalarına karşı çıkan Bhaskar, düşünümsel eylem modelini öne çıkararak natüralist bir model önerir. Realizmi reddedetmeyerek ancak eleştirel bir mahiyette elden geçirerek yeni bir teorik perspektifle yoğuran Bhaskar, natüralizmin olanaklılığının sınırlarını eleştirel realizmle yeniden tartışmaya açar. Bu çalışmada da Roy Bhaskar’ın epistemoloji ile ontolojiyi yeniden eşit düzeyde öncelemeye çalıştığı ve eleştirel realizm olarak tanımladığı çaba anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır.
GMPR: A robust normalization method for zero-inflated count data with application to microbiome sequencing data
Authors: Chen Li , Reeve James , Zhang Lujun , Huang Shengbing , Wang Xuefeng , Chen Jun
Published: April 2018

Normalization is the first critical step in microbiome sequencing data analysis used to account for variable library sizes. Current RNA-Seq based normalization methods that have been adapted for microbiome data fail to consider the unique characteristics of microbiome data, which contain a vast number of zeros due to the physical absence or under-sampling of the microbes. Normalization methods that specifically address the zero-inflation remain largely undeveloped. Here we propose geometric mean of pairwise ratios—a simple but effective normalization method—for zero-inflated sequencing data such as microbiome data. Simulation studies and real datasets analyses demonstrate that the proposed method is more robust than competing methods, leading to more powerful detection of differentially abundant taxa and higher reproducibility of the relative abundances of taxa.
Efeito da redução de luz na seletividade a herbicidas e rendimento de grãos do trigo
Authors: Rubenich Rodrigo , Schaedler Carlos Eduardo , Zandoná Renan Ricardo , Scalcon Ricardo De Melo , De Lima Pâmela Carvalho , Chiapinotto Diego Martins
Published: April 2018

A redução da radiação solar incidente na superfície terrestre pode alterar o comportamento vegetal e a seletividade de herbicidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade dos herbicidas bentazona, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium e o rendimento de grãos do trigo, em condições de redução de luminosidade em diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, o primeiro (I) em condições controladas e o segundo (II) a campo. Nos dois experimentos foram avaliadas variáveis no trigo em função da aplicação de herbicidas (bentazona, 900 g ha-1 i.a.; iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, 5 g ha-1 i.a.; e testemunha, sem aplicação de herbicida) e da variação da taxa luminosa (testemunha; redução de luz durante todo o ciclo; redução no estádio inicial, da emergência até três folhas; redução no estádio vegetativo, entre três folhas até a emergência completa da inflorescência; e redução na fase reprodutiva, da inflorescência até a colheita). Os resultados demonstram que a redução de luz altera características morfofisiológicas do trigo, aumenta a estatura de plantas, reduz a taxa de transpiração e condutância estomática, mas não interfere na fotossíntese do cereal. No entanto, o rendimento de grãos é afetado negativamente pela redução de luz durante o estádio vegetativo, período ontogenético que coincide com a formação dos principais componentes de rendimento da cultura. Os herbicidas avaliados são seletivos ao trigo, com ou sem redução de luminosidade.
SHS Processing and Consolidation of Ta–Ti–C, Ta–Zr–C, and Ta–Hf–C Carbides for Ultra‐High‐Temperatures Application
Authors: Kurbatkina Viktoria V. , Patsera Evgeny I. , Levashov Evgeny A. , Vorotilo Stepan
Published: April 2018

This review addresses the structure and phase formation mechanisms of self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) of single‐phase complex carbides Ta–Ti/Zr/Hf–C, as well as the consolidation of synthesized carbides by various sintering methods. Properties of the synthesized and consolidated complex carbides are described, and unique advantages of SHS method for the synthesis of ultra‐high temperature complex single‐phase carbides are highlighted.
Strong Anisotropy and Ultralow Percolation Threshold in Multiscale Composites Modified by Carbon Nanotubes Coated Hollow Glass Fiber
Authors: Zhang Jie , Bokov Alexei A. , Gao Shang‐Lin , Zhang Nan , Ren Wei , Ye Zuo‐Guang
Published: April 2018

Inspired by biological materials, the use of combined fillers of different types and sizes has led to multiscale, hierarchical composites which are considered to be the multifunctional materials of the next generation. However, the effects of hierarchical architecture on the electrical properties and percolation behavior remain poorly understood. Here, a multiscale polymer‐based micro‐/nano‐composite with hollow glass fibers coated by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been produced based on a simple dip‐coating approach. Besides a significant increase in electrical performance, the composites exhibit a very strong anisotropy of electrical properties with the difference of 2–5 orders of magnitude in different directions. In the longitudinal direction of composites, an ultralow percolation threshold is found. These unique properties are shown to be related to the hierarchical morphology, which gives rise to the existence of two percolation levels with different thresholds: a local threshold in the nanoscale 2D CNT networks at the fiber‐polymer interfaces and a global threshold in 3D network formed by the fibers. This study helps to deeper understand the macroscopic electrical performance of the hierarchical composites, potentially opening up new ways for designing novel materials via flexible tailoring the orientation of fiber and the morphology of interfaces.
Tungsten‐Based Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Mingbo , Tang Hao , Hu Qin , Zheng Shasha , Li Lulu , Xu Jing , Pang Huan
Published: April 2018

Lithium‐ion batteries are widely used as reliable electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high energy density and excellent cycling performance. The search for anode materials with excellent electrochemical performances remains critical to the further development of lithium‐ion batteries. Tungsten‐based materials are receiving considerable attention as promising anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries owing to their high intrinsic density and rich framework diversity. This review describes the advances of exploratory research on tungsten‐based materials (tungsten oxide, tungsten sulfide, tungsten diselenide, and their composites) in lithium‐ion batteries, including synthesis methods, microstructures, and electrochemical performance. Some personal prospects for the further development of this field are also proposed.
Controlled Homoepitaxial Growth of Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Lei Yusheng , Chen Yimu , Gu Yue , Wang Chunfeng , Huang Zhenlong , Qian Haoliang , Nie Jiuyuan , Hollett Geoff , Choi Woojin , Yu Yugang , Kim NamHeon , Wang Chonghe , Zhang Tianjiao , Hu Hongjie , Zhang Yunxi , Li Xiaoshi , Li Yang , Shi Wanjun , Liu Zhaowei , Sailor Michael J. , Dong Lin , Lo Yu‐Hwa , Luo Jian , Xu Sheng
Published: April 2018

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have demonstrated tremendous potential for the next‐generation electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their remarkable carrier dynamics. Current studies are focusing on polycrystals, since controlled growth of device compatible single crystals is extremely challenging. Here, the first chemical epitaxial growth of single crystal CH3NH3PbBr3 with controlled locations, morphologies, and orientations, using combined strategies of advanced microfabrication, homoepitaxy, and low temperature solution method is reported. The growth is found to follow a layer‐by‐layer model. A light emitting diode array, with each CH3NH3PbBr3 crystal as a single pixel, with enhanced quantum efficiencies than its polycrystalline counterparts is demonstrated.
In Situ Encapsulating α‐MnS into N,S‐Codoped Nanotube‐Like Carbon as Advanced Anode Material: α → β Phase Transition Promoted Cycling Stability and Superior Li/Na‐Storage Performance in Half/Full Cells
Authors: Liu Dai‐Huo , Li Wen‐Hao , Zheng Yan‐Ping , Cui Zheng , Yan Xin , Liu Dao‐Sheng , Wang Jiawei , Zhang Yu , Lü Hong‐Yan , Bai Feng‐Yang , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Wu Xing‐Long
Published: April 2018

Incorporation of N,S‐codoped nanotube‐like carbon (N,S‐NTC) can endow electrode materials with superior electrochemical properties owing to the unique nanoarchitecture and improved kinetics. Herein, α‐MnS nanoparticles (NPs) are in situ encapsulated into N,S‐NTC, preparing an advanced anode material (α‐MnS@N,S‐NTC) for lithium‐ion/sodium‐ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs). It is for the first time revealed that electrochemical α → β phase transition of MnS NPs during the 1st cycle effectively promotes Li‐storage properties, which is deduced by the studies of ex situ X‐ray diffraction/high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and electrode kinetics. As a result, the optimized α‐MnS@N,S‐NTC electrode delivers a high Li‐storage capacity (1415 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1), excellent rate capability (430 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1), and long‐term cycling stability (no obvious capacity decay over 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1) with retained morphology. In addition, the N,S‐NTC‐based encapsulation plays the key roles on enhancing the electrochemical properties due to its high conductivity and unique 1D nanoarchitecture with excellent protective effects to active MnS NPs. Furthermore, α‐MnS@N,S‐NTC also delivers high Na‐storage capacity (536 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1) without the occurrence of such α → β phase transition and excellent full‐cell performances as coupling with commercial LiFePO4 and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathodes in LIBs as well as Na3V2(PO4)2O2F cathode in SIBs.
Porous Graphene Films with Unprecedented Elastomeric Scaffold‐Like Folding Behavior for Foldable Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Huang Ruling , Huang Meiling , Li Xiaofeng , An Fei , Koratkar Nikhil , Yu Zhong‐Zhen
Published: April 2018

The development of fully foldable energy storage devices is a major science and engineering challenge, but one that must be overcome if next‐generation foldable or wearable electronic devices are to be realized. To overcome this challenge, it is necessary to develop new electrically conductive materials that exhibit superflexibility and can be folded or crumpled without plastic deformation or damage. Herein, a graphene film with engineered microvoids is prepared by reduction (under confinement) of its precursor graphene oxide film. The resultant porous graphene film can be single folded, double folded, and even crumpled, but springs back to its original shape without yielding or plastic deformation akin to an elastomeric scaffold after the applied stress is removed. Even after thermal annealing at ≈1300 °C, the folding performance of the porous graphene film is not compromised and the thermally annealed film exhibits complete foldability even in liquid nitrogen. A solid‐state foldable supercapacitor is demonstrated with the porous graphene film as the device electrode. The capacitance performance is nearly identical after 2000 cycles of single‐folding followed by another 2000 cycles of double folding.
Fabrication of a Waterborne Durable Superhydrophobic Material Functioning in Air and under Oil
Authors: Baidya Avijit , Das Sarit Kumar , Ras Robin H. A. , Pradeep Thalappil
Published: April 2018

A fundamental challenge in artificially structured/ chemically modified superhydrophobic surfaces is their poor chemical, mechanical, and structural robustness toward different mechanical abrasions. This limits their application potential in different fields of science and technology. Herein, a waterborne superhydrophobic material composed of clay particles is developed through a one‐pot chemical modification in ambient conditions, forming durable micro‐nano dual‐structured coatings over a range of substrates, without adhesive. This chemical modification inverts the inherent hydrophilic nature of clay particles and provides an excellent superhydrophobic surface having a water contact angle >170° (±2°) and contact angle hysteresis <5° (±2°). The coating shows excellent durability against various induced damages and works efficiently both in air and within oils. The observed property is due to the controlled surface energy obtained by the incorporated chemical functionalities and enhanced surface roughness facilitated by the hydrophobic effect during slow evaporation of water from the coating material. Being a stable water dispersion, it enables large area coatings, thereby minimizing safety and environmental concerns. Use of this material to develop rugged waterproof‐paper for paper‐based technologies is also demonstrated. As clay is commercially available and economical, it is believed, this scalable organic‐solvent‐free superhydrophobic material will have a positive impact on various industries.
Carbonized Bamboo‐Derived Carbon Nanodots as Efficient Cathode Interfacial Layers in High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Juang Tzong‐Yuan , Kao Jui‐Chih , Wang Jian‐Cheng , Hsu Shuo‐Yen , Chen Chih‐Ping
Published: April 2018

In this study, water‐dispersed carbonized bamboo‐derived carbon nanodot (CND) is prepared through thermal dissociation followed by aqueous extraction. The CND exhibits high photoluminescence with a value of λem of 430 nm and a fluorescence quantum yield of 4.2%, a particle size of ≈3–5 nm, and presents both COOH and OH functionalities. The CND serves as cathode interfacial layer that efficiently increases the power conversion efficiencies of both fullerene‐ and nonfullerene‐based organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Embedding the CND alters the work function and surface roughness of the ZnO layer and, thereby, affects the morphologies of the active layers as well as the charge selectivity and transportation. The resulting increases in electron transport and extraction of the OPV devices lead to increases in the fill factor (FF) and short‐circuit current density (Jsc). The greatest OPV performance is that of a poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thien‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′‐dithiophene‐co‐3‐fluorothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylate]:phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester device incorporating the CND—the PCE is 9.6% and the FF is a remarkable 72.8%.
Vanadium Pentoxide with H2O, K+, and Na+ Spacer between Layered Nanostructures for High‐Performance Symmetric Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Manikandan Ramu , Raj Chellan Justin , Rajesh Murugesan , Kim Byung Chul , Park Seungil , Yu Kook Hyun
Published: April 2018

Vanadium oxide 2D layered nanostructures with the hydrous form of potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) are synthesized via hydrothermal reaction between VOSO4 · xH2O and different persulfate oxidants ((NH4)2S2O8, K2S2O8, and Na2S2O8). The physicochemical characterization suggests that the synthesized V2O5 · 3H2O nanostructures possess layered morphology with considerable amount of water molecules accommodated between the interlayer spacing of nanostructures. Moreover, samples obtained using K2S2O8 and Na2S2O8 oxidants have K+ (6.41%) and Na+ (0.38%) ions intercalated on the 2D nanostructure along with the water molecules. Subsequently, the synthesized samples are heat‐treated at 400 °C for 3 h in the air and it is observed that the structural and morphological aspects are highly affected due to the removal of surface‐ and lattice‐bonded water molecules. The electrochemical properties of the samples are studied by assembling symmetric supercapacitor devices utilizing the bare and heat‐treated samples in 1 m Na2SO4 electrolyte. The fabricated device with bare V2O5 · 3H2O samples shows maximum specific capacitance (>60%) than that of heat‐treated V2O5 samples, which represents the positive influence of water molecule on electrochemical behavior of V2O5. Moreover, the bare sample V2O5 · 3H2O (using (NH4)2S2O8) symmetric supercapacitor exhibits an excellent cyclic stability with high capacitance retention of ≈97% after 25 000 cycles.
Universal Fluorescence Enhancement Substrate Based on Multiple Heterostructure Photonic Crystal with Super‐Wide Stopband and Highly Sensitive Cr(VI) Detecting Performance
Authors: Zhang Lijing , Wang Jie , Tao Shengyang , Geng Chong , Yan Qingfeng
Published: April 2018

Universal fluorescence (FL) enhancement is achieved based on a multiple heterostructure photonic crystal (MHPC) with a super‐wide stopband. This MHPC film is fabricated by layer‐by‐layer deposition of annealed colloidal crystal monolayers with gradient sizes, and it displays a broadened stopband (from 280 to 650 nm) that can overlap with the excitation wavelength (E) and the emission wavelength (F) of most commonly used fluorescent media. More than 100‐fold FL enhancement of [Ru(dpp)3Cl2], rhodamine 6G (Rh6G), and rhodamine B (RhB) on the MHPC is observed compared to that on a glass substrate. This super‐wide stopband MHPC may find significant applications for augmenting FL intensity in chemical and biochemical sensing, imaging, disease diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. The function of MHPC/rhodium B hydrazide composites is further demonstrated in the semiquantitative detection of Cr(VI), and the limit of detection of Cr(VI) is effectively improved to 0.2 ppb.
High‐Q Metallic Fano Metamaterial for Highly Efficient Cerenkov Lasing
Authors: Kim Seontae , Baek In‐Keun , Bhattacharya Ranajoy , Hong Dongpyo , Sattorov Matlabjon , Bera Anirban , So Jin‐Kyu , Kim Dai‐Sik , Park Gun‐Sik
Published: April 2018

A high‐quality‐factor (high‐Q) metallic Fano metamaterial is demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically. This material is suitable for highly efficient Cerenkov lasing in which subwavelength metallic slits are arranged to form asymmetric unit cells. In contrast to conventional dielectric Cerenkov or Smith–Purcell devices, in the proposed device, convection electrons traverse the high‐Q metallic metamaterial. The interplay between an extremely low group velocity from the infinite transverse permittivity of the anisotropic metamaterial and the subradiant damping from a Fano‐type slit mode is shown to be responsible for the high‐Q value, which is measured to be unprecedented at 700. The resulting improvement in the Cerenkov lasing efficiency is estimated to be more than two orders of magnitude using a particle‐in‐cell simulation.
Metal‐Free Fluorine‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction Outcompeting Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xie Jiafang , Zhao Xiaotao , Wu Maoxiang , Li Qiaohong , Wang Yaobing , Yao Jiannian
Published: April 2018

The electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECDRR), as a key reaction in artificial photosynthesis to implement renewable energy conversion/storage, has been inhibited by the low efficiency and high costs of the electrocatalysts. Herein, we synthesize a fluorine‐doped carbon (FC) catalyst by pyrolyzing commercial BP 2000 with a fluorine source, enabling a highly selective CO2‐to‐CO conversion with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 90 % at a low overpotential of 510 mV and a small Tafel slope of 81 mV dec−1, outcompeting current metal‐free catalysts. Moreover, the higher partial current density of CO and lower partial current density of H2 on FC relative to pristine carbon suggest an enhanced inherent activity towards ECDRR as well as a suppressed hydrogen evolution by fluorine doping. Fluorine doping activates the neighbor carbon atoms and facilitates the stabilization of the key intermediate COOH* on the fluorine‐doped carbon material, which are also blocked for competing hydrogen evolution, resulting in superior CO2‐to‐CO conversion.
Noncontinuous Super‐Diffusive Dynamics of a Light‐Activated Nanobottle Motor
Authors: Xuan Mingjun , Mestre Rafael , Gao Changyong , Zhou Chang , He Qiang , Sánchez Samuel
Published: April 2018

We report a carbonaceous nanobottle (CNB) motor for near infrared (NIR) light‐driven jet propulsion. The bottle structure of the CNB motor is fabricated by soft‐template‐based polymerization. Upon illumination with NIR light, the photothermal effect of the CNB motor carbon shell causes a rapid increase in the temperature of the water inside the nanobottle and thus the ejection of the heated fluid from the open neck, which propels the CNB motor. The occurrence of an explosion, the on/off motion, and the swing behavior of the CNB motor can be modulated by adjusting the NIR light source. Moreover, we simulated the physical field distribution (temperature, fluid velocity, and pressure) of the CNB motor to demonstrate the mechanism of NIR light‐driven jet propulsion. This NIR light‐powered CNB motor exhibits fuel‐free propulsion and control of the swimming velocity by external light and has great potential for future biomedical applications.
A Unified Approach for the Assembly of Atisine‐ and Hetidine‐type Diterpenoid Alkaloids: Total Syntheses of Azitine and the Proposed Structure of Navirine C
Authors: Liu Jie , Ma Dawei
Published: April 2018

A tetracyclic dinitrile was synthesized in twelve steps from cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one by using a chelation‐triggered conjugate addition to a γ‐hydroxy‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated nitrile and an oxidative dearomatization/Diels–Alder cycloaddition cascade as the key steps. The first total synthesis of azitine (in 17 steps) was achieved through a simple reductive cyclization of this intermediate and subsequent transformations while the total synthesis of the proposed structure of navirine C (in 19 steps) was accomplished by a hydrogen‐atom‐transfer reaction of the tetracyclic dinitrile, Pd/C‐catalyzed reductive cyclization, and subsequent functional group manipulation.