bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Thermal Decomposition of Talc
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Liu Xiaoxu , Hu Yuehua
Published: July 2014

Different changes in the structural and thermal properties of various types of talc have been reported in the literature which have made comparison of analytical results difficult. The objective of the present study was to obtain some fundamental insights into the effects of the thermal behavior of talc and to carry out kinetic analyses of the decomposition of talc under high temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) were used to study the thermal decomposition mechanism. The Coats-Redfern decomposition model was used to determine the decomposition mechanism of talc samples. The results showed that the decomposition of talc commenced at ~800°C, peaking at ~895°C, with the formation of enstatite and amorphous silica. An isothermal treatment at 1000°C caused the complete dehydroxylation of talc. The XRD and FTIR results indicated that the enstatite and amorphous silica phases were transformed into clinoenstatite and paracrystalline opal phases, respectively, after the decomposition stage at 1200°C. Good linearity in the Coats-Redfern model was observed from room temperature to 1300°C and the activation energy was calculated to be 69 kcal/mol.
Enhancing the Accountability of Transnational Corporations: The Case for ‘Decoupling’ Environmental Issues
Authors: Radavoi Ciprian N. , Bian Yongmin
Published: July 2014

The lack of accountability of transnational corporations (TNCs) for any harmful behaviour in the fields of environment, labour and human rights is a concern for the global community. Despite various attempts, neither the United Nations nor the home or host countries of most TNCs have so far provided any effective, binding solutions. This article argues that an important reason for the lack of advancement in introducing greater accountability is because issues such as workers' rights, the environment and human rights are often discussed together. A new approach, one that is solely focused on protecting the environment, is desirable especially with the rise of new capital exporters. In 2013, China detached the issue of the environment from those of workers' or human rights, in its attempt to tackle overseas corporate wrongdoing. Its environmental guidelines are worth emulating, but it lags behind in areas such as human rights. Analysing the position of the environment among the other fields involved in the debate, we first identify several theoretical reasons for detaching the former from an international law perspective. We then provide a comparative functional analysis of four extraterritorial corporate social responsibility Bills – those in the United States (2000), Australia (2000), the United Kingdom (2002) and Canada (2009) – all of which were rejected by their national parliaments. This lends additional support to the thesis that including the environment with other targeted fields stands in the way of home countries improving the environmental behaviour of their overseas corporations.
Configuring innocence: China and Italy, Wang and Masina personas
Authors: Kuoshu Harry
Published: July 2014

By tracing how Wang Baoqiang and Giulietta Masina configure the concept of innocence in four films – Fellini’s Il Bidone/The Swindle (1955) versus Li Yang’s Blind Shaft (2003), and Fellini’s La Strada/The Road (1954) versus Feng Xiaogang’s A World without Thieves (2004) – this article demonstrates that similar human conditions produce similar cinematic responses. The parallel elements here include bankrupt political systems (Maoist socialism and Mussolini’s fascism) accompanied by economic prosperity and the advent of materialism, in which individuals attempt to regain a sense of self through the traditional values of their cultures, whether Confucianism in China or Christian humanism in Italy: the focus on innocence in both Chinese and Italian films has also attracted similar critical responses. This article touches on the relationship between the following responses and the analysis of the films: Italian Neorealism in contrast with Chinese documentary realism, nostalgia for home, Christian and Buddhist humanism, value judgment, post-socialism, consumerism, problems of ethics, populism, Nietzsche’s concept of the innocence of becoming and Heidegger’s conception of homeless. The article concludes by suggesting an examination of Daoism for a comprehensive understanding of the parallelled configuration of innocence, bridging the concepts of Nietzsche and Heidegger and heeding both senses of crisis and senses for hope.
The bicycle towards the pantheon: A comparative analysis of Beijing Bicycle and Bicycle Thieves
Authors: Zhong Huang
Published: July 2014

十七岁的单车/Beijing Bicycle (Wang Xiaoshuai, 2000) is a significant masterpiece of Wang Xiaoshuai, one of the Sixth Generation directors in China that shows a host of similarities with Ladri di biciclette/Bicycle Thieves (De Sica, 1948). This article concentrates on the relationship between the creation of the Chinese Sixth Generation, New Generation directors and the Italian Neorealism movement, elaborating on different perspectives of aesthetic system construction, the thought enlightenment of André Bazin, the members of the Sixth Generation and New Generation directors in China and the creative situations these Chinese directors are in, and eventually asserts that the creative track and formation of aesthetic philosophy of the Chinese Sixth Generation and New Generation directors are closely associated with the Italian Neorealism movement.
Connecting the West to the East: Giuliano Montaldo’s Marco Polo as the first Italian and Chinese film co-production
Authors: Di Chiara Francesco
Published: July 2014

A recent bilateral film co-production agreement between Italy and the People’s Republic of China (PRC), ratified in September 2012 by the Italian Parliament, will hopefully bring fruitful cooperations between these two national film and television industries. However, Chinese and Italian film co-productions are not an unprecedented phenomenon. The first co-production between these two film industries actually happened in 1982, when mini-series Marco Polo was produced by Italian television network RAI along with Chinese Company Cinematic Co-Production (CCCC). The aim of this article is to examine the production history of Marco Polo and its complex transnational dimension, through the analysis of issues previously highlighted by theoretical works about the crisis of national cinema and of issues of identity in European co-productions. Moreover, the article will analyze RAI’s production policy of the late 1970s and early 1980s, a watershed era that marks a move from the production of works of international film-makers of modern cinema, to more spectacular and marketable productions for the new global television market. Finally, I will discuss Marco Polo’s relationship with the Italian political film, an important production trend in 1970s Italian cinema, to which director Giuliano Montaldo contributed with at least three of his films. I will suggest that the Italian political film was extremely apt at narrating a story focused on intercultural communication, and that Montaldo had been hired by RAI because of his experience in this genre.
No Disneyland: Biography and Bibliography of Rabbi Shimeon Brisman (1920-2004)
Authors: Kohn Roger
Published: July 2014

Shimeon Brisman (1920-2004), a Holocaust survivor, lived in Los Angeles from 1954 to 1988. This article focuses first on his efforts to build a strong Jewish Studies collection at the University of California, Los Angeles. These efforts began with the purchase of the stock of a defunct bookstore in Jerusalem in the early 1960s, and they continued through significant and strategic purchases that he made over the following two decades. Brisman, a very private person, is remembered by friends and colleagues, and their recollections reveal glimpses of his personality. Brisman, the scholar, is remembered via an analysis of the three volumes of his series titled "Jewish Research Literature," along with the reviews that the volumes received shortly after their publication. Brisman's contribution to the field of Jewish bibliography was a unique and enduring one.
Polysiphonia dokdoensis sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) based on a population previously known as Polysiphonia atlantica sensu Kim and Lee from Korea
Authors: Bustamante Danilo E. , Won Boo Yeon , Cho Tae Oh
Published: July 2014

The genus Polysiphonia Greville is characterized by having four ecorticated pericentral cells, rhizoids in open connection with the pericentral cells, four-celled carpogonial branches, spermatangial branches replacing the whole trichoblast, and tetrasporangia in straight series. Polysiphonia dokdoensis sp. nov. collected from Dokdo, Korea is here described as a new species on the basis of morphological and molecular data. Polysiphonia dokdoensis is characterized by having four ecorticated pericentral cells, unicellular rhizoids in open connection with pericentral cells, scar cells placed between two pericentral cells, an alternating arrangement of unilateral branch pairs, and tetrasporangia in straight series. The alternating arrangement of unilateral branch pairs and the placement of the scar cell between two pericentral cells are recognized as main characters to identify P. dokdoensis. Polysiphonia dokdoensis is morphologically identical to “P. atlantica” sensu Kim and Lee, which is now recognized as P. dokdoensis sp. nov. and distinguished from the authentic European P. atlantica by the distinguishing morphological character states. Phylogenetic analyses of rbcL confirm the placement of the new taxon as a distinct species in Polysiphonia
sensu stricto.
Investigation of lichen based green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with response surface methodology
Authors: Yıldız Nuray , Ateş Çağlar , Yılmaz Mehmet , Demir Dürdane , Yıldız Atila , Çalımlı Ayla
Published: July 2014

In this study, silver (Ag) nanoparticles were successfully biosynthesized from AgNO3 through a simple green route using the lichen extract [Cetraria islandica (L)Ach] as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The mean sizes of spherical Ag nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 5 nm to 29 nm were obtained at different reaction conditions. The nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of temperature, reaction time and AgNO3/lichen ratio on green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles. The results showed that the increase in reaction time and AgNO3/lichen ratio caused a decrease of particle size and the increase in temperature resulted in bigger particles.
Circulating concentrations of gonadal and adrenocortical hormones in wild nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus)
Authors: Howell-Stephens Jennifer A. , Lockhart Jack Mitchell , Santymire Rachel M. , Loughry William J.
Published: July 2014

We performed a retrospective analysis of hormone concentrations found in blood sera from culled nine-banded armadillos (
Der „neue österreichische Mensch“
Authors: Ehs Tamara
Published: July 2014

Vorspann

Österreich hatte es nach 1918 schwer, sich selbst und eine eigene nationale Identität zu finden. Wie sollte sich das Land vom Deutschen Reich abgrenzen, das in Österreich immer mehr Anhänger fand? Die Regierungen Dollfuß und Schuschnigg setzten vor allem auf Indoktrinierung und Militarisierung und hatten dabei zunächst die Studenten im Auge, die ab 1936 sogenannte Hochschullager besuchen mussten. Tamara Ehs, eine junge, in Wien und Salzburg lehrende Politologin, untersucht diese Lager, die Orte einer elitären Gemeinschafts- und Nationsbildung waren, auf die Schaffung eines „neuen österreichischen Menschen“ zielten und ganz im Zeichen von ideologischer „Überhitlerung“ standen. Tamara Ehs zeigt, was mit diesem geheimnisvollen Begriff gemeint war.
Filtration of Fly Ash Using Nonwoven Geotextiles: Effect of Sample Preparation Technique and Testing Method
Authors: Akram M. H. , Gabr M. A.
Published: July 2014

The long-term filtration behavior of nonwoven geotextiles with fly ash is investigated using gradient ratio tests [ASTM Test Method for Measuring the Soil-Geotextile Clogging Potential by the Gradient Ratio (D 5101-90)] for the duration of approximately ≈4000 h under an applied hydraulic gradient of 3. In parallel, rigid wall permeability tests under the relatively high hydraulic gradient of 25 are conducted to investigate the potential of expediently simulating the long-term filtration behavior of the geotextile-fly ash system. Four nonwoven geotextiles ranging in apparent opening size from No. 70 to 170 are used with specimens prepared using a dry method and a slurry method of preparation and then back-saturated with deaired water. Results indicated that the fly ash-geotextile systems are stabilized after approximately 2000 h with less piping observed for the slurry specimens. Permeability across the slurry specimens is measured to be 1/2 to 1/3 that of the dry specimens. Testing under a hydraulic gradient of 25 and for the duration of 25 h has yielded a steady state k value similar to those obtained from the GR tests after a testing duration of 4000 h. All the geotextile-fly ash systems are categorized as stable based on the stability limit set for the granular filters with the measured rate of fly ash passing through the geotextiles found to be less than or equal to 0.04 g/cm2.
Design and Evaluation of a Large Direct Shear Machine for Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Authors: Fox Patrick J. , Rowland Michael G. , Scheithe John R. , Davis Kris L. , Supple Murray R. , Crow Charles C.
Published: July 2014

A large direct shear machine—called the pullout shear machine—for strength testing of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) is described. The machine tests rectangular GCL specimens measuring 406 by 1067 mm. The maximum horizontal displacement is 203 mm, which allows for the measurement of both peak and residual shear strengths. The basic design concept for the pullout shear machine is to shear a GCL specimen between a movable pullout plate and a stationary reaction plate, each covered with an aggressive gripping surface. The advantage of this approach is that large specimens can be sheared under high normal stress with negligible friction. Furthermore, the gripping surfaces and the rigidity of the pullout plate enforce uniform shear strain at failure. The paper describes four main components of the machine: (1) the shearing system, (2) the normal stress and vertical displacement system, (3) the specimen hydration system, and (4) the process control and data acquisition system. In addition, a technique is described for the measurement of internal pore pressures within a GCL specimen during hydration and shear. The performance of the pullout shear machine is illustrated using test data for unreinforced and reinforced geotextile-supported GCLs. Finally, the relative merits of the machine are discussed in comparison to the capabilities of other shear testing apparatus currently available.
Integrated Shear and Flow Parameter Measurement
Authors: Zhang Ming , Esaki Tetsuro , Olsen Harold W. , Mitanf Yasuhiro
Published: July 2014

Studies on the variation of permeability and the specific storage of bentonite-sand mixtures with shear deformations that may be caused by earthquakes and/or other geological events are of fundamental importance for long-term safety assessments of radioactive nuclear waste disposal facilities. This paper presents a recently developed and improved method for integrated shear and flow parameter measurements on a mixture of Kunigeru V1 Bentonite and D-Sand. This material will be used in low-level radioactive nuclear waste disposal facilities in Japan. The results of this study show that: (1) temperature control is important for measuring hydraulic parameters of low-permeability materials with the flow pump method; (2) shear strains up to about 3% did not significantly influence either the permeability or the specific storage of the bentonite-sand mixture; and (3) permeability and specific storage values interpreted from different time intervals during the transient rise and transient decay phases of the flow pump permeability tests were almost the same, which suggests that the reliability of both the experimental results and the newly derived theoretical analysis used to interpret the hydraulic parameters.
Constant p′ and Constant Volume Friction Angles Are Different
Authors: Kutter Bruce L. , Chen Yie-Ruey
Published: July 2014

A series of undrained and drained constant p triaxial compression and extension tests were conducted on Nevada sand at a relative density of about 70%. Most drained tests exhibited a peak followed by a drop of deviatoric stress. The drop in stress corresponded to a drop in dilatancy rate and the formation of a shear band. In most undrained tests, negative pore pressures developed and deviatoric stress increased during the constant volume phase of the test. Eventually, cavitation of the pore fluid occurred and the deviatoric stress stabilized. The maximum stress ratios (and maximum mobilized friction angles) achieved in drained, constant p′ tests were significantly larger than in the constant volume portions of the undrained tests. Rowe (1969) and Bolton (1986) proposed that the peak friction angle has a component due to the critical state friction angle and a component due to the dilation rate. In undrained shear, there is no net dilation, yet the peak mobilized friction angle exceeds the critical state friction angle. The friction angle mobilized in undrained shear appears to be a function of the plastic dilation rate. The plastic dilation rate was estimated in the undrained tests by setting the sum of elastic and plastic dilation rates to zero. The difference between drained and undrained friction angles is consistent with the difference between plastic dilation rates in drained and undrained tests.
The Use of Digital Image Processing in Monitoring Shear Band Development
Authors: Liang Liqun , Saada Adel , Figueroa J. Ludwig , Cope C. T.
Published: July 2014

A new technique involving sample preparation, video imaging, and image analysis has been developed to observe the kinematics of shear bands when geomaterials are subjected to a general state of combined stress. The technique provides an effective, low-cost, and non-invasive way to monitor the development and measure the deformations inside and outside the shear bands. Its capabilities are demonstrated through a series of drained tests in which thin hollow cylinders of sand are subjected to combinations of hydrostatic, axial, and torsional stresses. It is shown that the deformation within the shear band is different from the global one and the one in its vicinity. For sand specimens with the same configuration, density, and confining pressure, the initiation, orientation, and thickness of shear bands depend on the loading path.
Seismic Flat Dilatometer Tests in Connecticut Valley Varved Clay
Authors: Martin Gina Kates , Mayne Paul W.
Published: July 2014

Downhole shear wave velocity measurements have been incorporated within a “Marchetti” flat dilatometer by placing a velocity transducer in a connecting rod just above the blade. The hybrid of combining downhole seismic with flat dilatometer, termed the seismic dilatometer test (SDMT), has the superior advantages of determining both the routine estimates of soil properties and stratigraphic information, while also measuring the small-strain stiffness within a single sounding. The SDMT is rapid, simple, and cost effective, requiring essentially no more time than a conventional dilatometer sounding. Results of seismic dilatometer testing in clays at the National Geotechnical Experimental Test Site (NGES) in Amherst, Massachusetts are presented and compare favorably with results from companion series of seismic cone penetrometer tests.
Capacitance-Type Sensor System for Characterizations of Icing Behavior
Authors: Tang H. Y. , Wang W. Q. , Wang S. G.
Published: July 2014

An online monitoring and real-time simulation system for icing of transmission lines is designed using sensing technology with a coplanar multipoint capacitance. A sensor is used in the system to detect changes in the metal electrode capacitance at various positions surrounding transmission lines and verify the ice thickness on the analog lines. Using theoretical analysis and simulations of coplanar electrode fields and capacitors, as well as freezing tests of the system at low temperatures, we found that the system could be quite useful for monitoring the ice thickness of transmission lines.
Modification of a Braided Support Catheter into a Rapid Exchange System for Navigation of a Distal Protection Device through Significant Vascular Tortuosity
Authors: Ding Dale , Starke Robert M. , Durst Christopher R. , Evans Avery J.
Published: July 2014

Cerebral embolic protection devices (EPD) reduce the rate of periprocedural thromboembolic complications and are currently used in all carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedures. However, tortuous vascular anatomy of the internal carotid artery (ICA) may prevent navigation of distal EPDs, thereby leading to inadequate cerebral protection.

We present a case in which significant tortuosity of the ICA distal to the stenotic lesion precluded navigation of currently available distal EPDs.

During a CAS procedure, significant vascular tortuosity of the distal cervical ICA was noted which prevented navigation of currently available distal EPDs due to catheter kinking. In order to overcome this anatomic barrier, a novel rapid exchange catheter system (RECS) was created using a modified DAC 038 braided catheter through which a distal EPD and microguidewire were placed. This newly devised RECS allowed navigation of the distal EPD past the tortuous ICA bend and successful completion of the CAS procedure without periprocedural complications.

We demonstrate that modification of currently available devices can, in select cases, effectively address cases of significant vascular tortuosity which limit the use of conventional distal EPDs.
Identification and characterization of an oocyte factor required for sperm decondensation in pig
Authors: Li Jingyu , Huan Yanjun , Xie Bingteng , Wang Jiaqiang , Zhao Yanhua , Jiao Mingxia , Huang Tianqing , Kong Qingran , Liu Zhonghua
Published: July 2014

Mammalian oocytes possess factors to support fertilization and embryonic development, but knowledge on these oocyte-specific factors is limited. In the current study, we demonstrated that porcine oocytes with the first polar body collected at 33 h ofin vitromaturation sustain IVF with higher sperm decondensation and pronuclear formation rates and supportin vitrodevelopment with higher cleavage and blastocyst rates, compared with those collected at 42 h (P<0.05). Proteomic analysis performed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the differences in developmental competence between oocytes collected at 33 and 42 h led to the identification of 18 differentially expressed proteins, among which protein disulfide isomerase associated 3 (PDIA3) was selected for further study. Inhibition of maternal PDIA3 via antibody injection disrupted sperm decondensation; conversely, overexpression of PDIA3 in oocytes improved sperm decondensation. In addition, sperm decondensation failure in PDIA3 antibody-injected oocytes was rescued by dithiothreitol, a commonly used disulfide bond reducer. Our results collectively report that maternal PDIA3 plays a crucial role in sperm decondensation by reducing protamine disulfide bonds in porcine oocytes, supporting its utility as a potential tool for oocyte selection in assisted reproduction techniques.
Novel Electrical Conduction of Insulators under Examination of Defects and Injection and Relationship to Theories of Ferroelectric Domains
Authors: Watanabe Y. , Urakami Y. , Matsumoto D. , Kaku S. , Cheong S.-W. , Thomas G. A. , Miyauchi S.
Published: July 2014

Electrical conductions in insulators such as resistance switching, conduction at interfaces, and conduction at domain boundaries and free surface of ferroelectrics are of interest. These conductions are often attributed to novel mechanism such as ferroelectric polarization. On the other hand, these interpretations appear not fully accepted, because the recent advanced theories of ferroelectric domains disregard screening indicated by these conduction phenomena. That is, these conduction phenomena are quietly regarded as the classical conduction originating from defects. In this paper, we examine these conductions in pure wide bandgap insulators in view of defects, using the direct-accessibility (tangibility) of conduction at free surfaces. Although most of these conductions in ferroelectrics may not be useful in large-scale applications, we show that they have fundamental implications on renovations of ferroelectric basics.
Role of Inelastic Electron-Phonon Scattering in Ultra-Scaled Phase Change Material Nanostructures
Authors: Liu Jie , Xu Xu , Anantram M. P.
Published: July 2014

The electron transport properties of ultra-scaled amorphous phase change material (PCM) GeTe are studied using non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF). The inelastic electron-phonon scattering is included using Born approximation. It is shown that, in ultra-scaled PCM device with 6 nm channel length, less than 4% of the energy carried by the incident electrons from the source is transferred to the atomic lattice before reaching the drain, indicating that the electron transport is largely elastic. Our simulation results show that the inelastic electron-phonon scattering, which plays an important role to excite trapped electrons in bulk PCM devices, exerts very limited influence on the current density value and the shape of current-voltage curve of ultra-scaled PCM devices. The analysis reveals that the Poole-Frenkel law and the Ohm’s law, which are the governing physical mechanisms of the bulk PCM devices, cease to be valid in the ultra-scaled PCM devices.
Synthesis of Cadmium and Lead Telluride Nanoparticles: Examples of Oriented attachment Growth Mechanism
Authors: Revaprasadu Neerish
Published: July 2014

The synthesis of hexadecylamine capped (HDA) CdTe and PbTe via a simple hybrid solution based high temperature route is described. In this method the tellurium is first reduced to form the telluride salt followed by reaction with the metal salt and finally thermolysis in a coordinating solvent. The metal salt and reaction temperature played an important role in the morphology and growth mechanism of the particles. The CdTe particles where in the form of rods and spheres whereas the PbTe nanoparticles were in the form of nanowires. The oriented attachment mechanism is proposed for the growth of elongated particles under certain reaction conditions.
Rapid Time Domain Molecular Conductance Measurement of Alkanedithiols Using STM
Authors: Ma James , Chang Shuai , Howe Roger
Published: July 2014

Molecules such as dithiols are of significant interest for potential molecular electronics applications. To investigate their properties, an efficient method for measuring their electrical conductance is crucial. This research focuses on the time domain measurement, a novel technique capable of measuring hundreds of molecules within a matter of seconds. Measurements were conducted using STM with the tip positioned within tunneling distance over a SAM of 1,8-octanedithiol on Au(111)-mica substrate submerged in toluene. Bonding/debonding events between the tops of molecules and the tip were observed through jumps in the time domain current waveform. A new time-spent histogram data analysis technique was developed to extract conductance values from complex waveforms. Conductance of 2.6 nS was obtained for a single 1,8-octanedithiol molecule, consistent with results obtained from wellestablished but time consuming break junction technique, validating the new STM based time domain technique for fast measurement of molecular conductance.
Quality Deterioration of Boiled Salted Carp Fish (Cyprinus carprio), Processed using Different Cooking Methods, During Chilling Storage
Authors: Dwi Suryaningrum Theresia , Syamdidi Syamdidi
Published: July 2014

Study on quality changes of boiled salted Carp  fish, processed using different cooking  methods during chilling storage has been conducted. The  study was  intended to obtain an information on  the effect of cooking method on  the shelf-life of boiled salted carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) at chilling temperatures. Fish was soaked in a 0.2% of alum solution and then marinated in condiment solution for 30 minutes. Fish were cooked for 4 h by two different methods i.e steaming and boiling,  at 98-100 oC,  and then dried  in the oven at 80-90 oC for 1 hour. Boiled salted fish  then were  stored at chilling room (2-4 oC)  and observed every 3 days for 15 days.  The quality of boiled salted  fish were analyzed  i.e proximate at the beginning and the end of storage, while moisture content, pH, TVB, total plate count, mold and sensory test were conducted  during chilling storage. The results showed that steamed boiled salted  carp  fish had higher protein content, pH and also have better product which was preferable by the panelists. Based on this result  steaming method   was recomended to be used as processing method for production  of boiled salted  carp fish from fresh water.  Sensory test found that panelists preferred steamed  product which had a good appearance, odor, taste  and texture.  However steamed product had faster increase of  moisture content, TVB, and number of  bacteria as well as the decrease of pH value and odor causing faster deterioration of product compared to boiling method. Based on microbiological  tests, the boiled salted carp fish cooked by steaming  methods  were  safe to be consumed before 6 days  and the boiling method before 9 days, since storage exceed that periods resulted in  number  of bacteria already reached the maximum number allowed  and became not suitable for human consumption.
Transcutaneous vagus and trigeminal nerve stimulation for neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Shiozawa Pedro , Silva Mailu Enokibara da , Carvalho Thais Cristina de , Cordeiro Quirino , Brunoni André R. , Fregni Felipe
Published: July 2014

We reviewed trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS). All techniques have shown preliminary promising results, although the results are mixed. Method: We performed a systematic review of the Medline and Embase databases, with no constraint to dates, through June 2013. The keywords were [(1) trigeminal nerve stimulation OR (2) cranial nerve OR (3) trigemin* OR (4) transcutaneous VNS OR (5) transcutaneous cranial nerve stimulation] and (6) mental disorders. Results: We included four preclinical and clinical five studies on TNS. All clinical data were based on open-label studies with small samples, which diminished the external validity of the results, thus reflecting the modest impact of TNS in current clinical practice. Of the tVNS clinical trials, three assessed physiological features in healthy volunteers, and one examined patients with epilepsy. Conclusion: TNS and tVNS improve treatment of particular neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression.
From exercise intolerance to functional improvement: the second wind phenomenon in the identification of McArdle disease
Authors: Scalco Renata Siciliani , Chatfield Sherryl , Godfrey Richard , Pattni Jatin , Ellerton Charlotte , Beggs Andrea , Brady Stefen , Wakelin Andrew , Holton Janice L , Quinlivan Ros
Published: July 2014

McArdle disease is the most common of the glycogen storage diseases. Onset of symptoms is usually in childhood with muscle pain and restricted exercise capacity. Signs and symptoms are often ignored in children or put down to ‘growing pains’ and thus diagnosis is often delayed. Misdiagnosis is not uncommon because several other conditions such as muscular dystrophy and muscle channelopathies can manifest with similar symptoms. A simple exercise test performed in the clinic can however help to identify patients by revealing the second wind phenomenon which is pathognomonic of the condition. Here a patient is reported illustrating the value of using a simple 12 minute walk test.
The development of the dementia concept in 19th century
Authors: Caixeta Leonardo , Costa Jean Newton Lima , Vilela Ana Caroline Marques , Nóbrega Magno da
Published: July 2014

The dementia concept has been reformulated through its history and the 19th century was remarkable in the construction of this concept as we understand it today. Like other syndromes, much of the history of the dementia concept comes from the attempt to separate it from other nosological conditions, giving it a unique identity. The fundamental elements for the arising of the dementia modern concept were: a) correlation of the observed syndrome with organic-cerebral lesions; b) understanding of the irreversibility of the dementia evolution; c) its relation with human ageing; and d) the choice of the cognitive dysfunction as a clinical marker of the dementia concept.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy has no higher costs than ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Authors: Lima Benicio Oton de , Pratesi Riccardo
Published: July 2014

Objective: To evaluate the cost of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) compared to ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in the treatment of hydrocephalus in children. Method: We studied 103 children with hydrocephalus, 52 of which were treated with ETV and 51 with VPS in a prospective cohort. Treatment costs were compared within the first year after surgery, including subsequent surgery or hospitalization. Results: Twenty (38.4%) of the 52 children treated with VPS needed another procedure due to shunt failure, compared to 11 (21.5%) of 51 children in the ETV group. The average costs per patient in the group treated with ETV was USD$ 2,177,66±517.73 compared to USD$ 2,890.68±2,835.02 for the VPS group. Conclusions: In this series there was no significant difference in costs between the ETV and VPS groups.
Neurodevelopment of small-for-gestational age infants: behavioral aspects in first year
Authors: Mello Bernadete , Gagliardo Heloisa , Gonçalves Vanda
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the behavior of full-term small-for-gestational age (SGA) with full-term appropriate-for gestational age (AGA) infants in the first year of life. We prospectively evaluated 68 infants in the 2nd month, 67 in the 6th month and 69 in the 12th month. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, with emphasis on the Behavior Rating Scale (BRS). The groups were similar concerning the item “interest in test materials and stimuli”; there was a trend toward differences in the items “negative affect”, “hypersensitivity to test materials” and “adaptation to change in test materials”. The mean of Raw Score was significantly lower for the SGA group in the items “predominant state”, “liability of state of arousal”, “positive affect”, “soothability when upset”, “energy”, “exploration of objects and surroundings”, “orientation toward examiner”. A lower BRS score was associated with the SGA group in the 2nd month.
Tipo de ensino e autoconceito artístico de adolescentes
Authors: Pipa Joana , Peixoto Francisco
Published: July 2014

Este estudo teve como principal objetivo realizar uma análise diferencial do autoconceito artístico entre adolescentes que frequentavam o ensino artístico e os que frenquentavam o ensino regular. Responderam à Escala de Autoconceito Artístico e à Escala de Autoconceito e Autoestima para Adolescentes 226 estudantes de escolas da zona metropolitana de Lisboa, dos quais 108 frequentavam o ensino regular e 118 eram alunos de escolas artísticas de música, artes visuais e dança. Os resultados demonstraram que os níveis de autoconceito artístico diferiram de acordo com o contexto educativo: foram favorecidos os alunos do ensino artístico na maioria das dimensões artísticas. Contemplando apenas os alunos do ensino artístico, foi verificado que eles apresentaram níveis superiores na dimensão artística correspondente a sua área de especialização, comparativamente aos seus pares das outras áreas artísticas.
Parenthood in the context of maternal depression at the end of the infant's first year of life
Authors: Piccinini Cesar Augusto , Frizzo Giana Bitencourt , Brys Ivani , Lopes Rita de Cássia Sobreira
Published: July 2014

The present study investigated parenthood in the context of maternal depression, at the end of the first year of the infant's life. The participants of the study were 22 families, from different socioeconomic levels, divided into two groups, one with mothers who did not present indicators of depression (n=12) and another group with mothers who did (n=10), based on the Beck Depression Inventory. All the mothers were primiparous and lived with the child's father, the babies were approximately 12 months of age. The mothers and fathers participated in an interview that investigated several parenting aspects. Qualitative content analysis of the interviews indicated that, compared to the group without depression, the depressed mothers, as well as their husbands, reported more difficulties regarding division tasks, financial concerns, and divergences and conflicts in child care. These results corroborate other studies which emphasized that the presence of indicators of maternal depression can cause difficulties in parenting.
Life project and work as matter of exclusion/inclusion of the elderly person
Authors: Catão Maria de Fátima Fernandes Martins , Grisi Alice Fernanda Martins
Published: July 2014

This study was developed based on the reality of population aging, the Aging Era, and the matter of exclusion and psychosocial suffering experienced by elderly people, with the aim of analyzing the meanings of the construction of the life project, work and exclusion/inclusion of this population. A semi-structured interview was performed with 25 participants of the Care for the Elderly Person Program. The lexical and contextual Thematic Content Analysis was performed using the Alcest program for the quantitative analysis of textual data. Three themes were recovered: The world and I: process of exclusion/inclusion - represented 27.77% of the statements; The Future as the present - foremost expressed with 44.44%; Work and the Life Project as a way of social inclusion - 27.77%. The need for conscious actions was highlighted, with reference to the ethics of citizens who are involved and interested in experiencing aging in a healthier way, in order to humanize the living/aging relationship.
Ciência, tecnologia e sociedade pelo olhar da Tecnologia Social: um estudo a partir da Teoria Crítica da Tecnologia
Authors: Freitas Carlos Cesar Garcia , Segatto Andrea Paula
Published: July 2014

A tecnologia está inserida de tal forma na vida da sociedade, moldando estilos de vida, que já não é possível tratá-la como um fenômeno isolado da dinâmica social, cerceado por um debate reducionista de cunho técnico científico. Portanto seu planejamento e controle são uma questão política, reivindicada pelo movimento da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade em prol de um envolvimento mais democrático nas decisões que envolvem o contexto científico tecnológico. A finalidade, neste artigo, é discutir a relação entre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) e a proposta da Tecnologia Social (TS), utilizando como base teórica a Teoria Crítica da Tecnologia. Para tanto, são apresentados os resultados obtidos com a realização de uma pesquisa descritiva bibliográfica cuja análise é orientada pela descrição dos elementos constituintes da TS e sua implicação à proposta da CTS, no sentido de confirmar sua aderência a esta. Como principais resultados, a TS apresenta grande potencial à CTS e tem em sua proposta crítica os seguintes elementos diferenciais: emancipação do indivíduo, processo de construção social, valorização da aprendizagem, respeito à cultura local, demandas sociais como origem e propósito, apropriação da tecnologia, sustentabilidade, democratização do conhecimento, transformação social e multiplicidade de soluções.
Abordagens teóricas da Gestão Social: uma análise de citações exploratória
Authors: Peres Jr Miguel Rivera , Pereira José Roberto
Published: July 2014

O campo científico da Gestão Social conta com uma crescente produção acadêmica por meio da qual se discutem formas alternativas de gestão e que são caracterizadas por ações gerenciais dialógicas. Neste trabalho, objetiva-se identificar possíveis vertentes teóricas que emergem nesse campo. Para isso, é feita uma análise de citações dos trabalhos indexados na base Google Acadêmico, por meio da qual são delimitadas quatro abordagens teóricas que se explicam pelas fundamentações teóricas (abordagens crítica frankfurteana e da gestão do desenvolvimento social interorganizacional); pela origem de seus pesquisadores (abordagem puquiana) ou pelas singularidades (abordagem da administração pública societal, identificada com base nas especificidades de um modelo de gestão pública surgida no Brasil, que se contrapõe ao movimento gerencialista neoliberal dos anos 1980). Aponta-se, ainda, no trabalho, que entre as abordagens - pelo menos nos trabalhos de maior impacto - , temas comuns podem ser identificados, como a contraposição gestão social versus gestão estratégica; o terceiro setor como um espaço de ocorrência da gestão social; a proeminência de conceitos como participação, diálogo e busca do bem comum. A despeito dessas convergências, indica-se no trabalho que há uma subdivisão conceitual básica em duas vertentes: uma vinculando a gestão social estritamente à gestão pública, configurando-a como administração pública societal (PAES DE PAULA, 2005a; 2005b), gestão do desenvolvimento social (FISCHER, 2002) ou gestão do social (DOWBOR, 1999b), e outra que expande seu escopo a uma ação gerencial dialógica que pode (e deve) ser utilizada em sistemas sociais diversos - sejam eles públicos, privados ou organizações não governamentais (FRANÇA-FILHO, 2008; TENÓRIO, 2005).
Profissionais e profissionalização em Tecnologia da Informação: indicativos de controvérsias e conflitos
Authors: Moura Junior Pedro Jácome de , Helal Diogo Henrique
Published: July 2014

As tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) são consideradas ubíquas e pervasivas em relação à vida humana. À luz dos modelos teóricos de profissionalização de Abbott (1988) e Freidson (1984), discute-se o processo de profissionalização em tecnologia da informação (TI) e o papel desempenhado pelos profissionais da área nesse processo. A literatura sobre sociologia das profissões e sobre profissionalização em TI é consultada em busca de resposta às questões: quem são os profissionais de TI? Como se dá a sua formação? Quais são os instrumentos de regulamentação da sua atuação? Controvérsias e conflitos são identificados e discutidos, com ênfase no ideário do "software livre"; na determinação da indústria sobre a ação profissional; nas relações de poder; na autorregulação da profissão; na participação dos profissionais de TI em novas profissões; em aspectos de personalidade, visão de mundo e cultura; no licenciamento para exercício profissional; no domínio do conhecimento e em aspectos de litígio. Proposições de pesquisa são oferecidas como contribuição ao aprofundamento de cada uma das controvérsias e conflitos discutidos.
Ouvir vozes: um estudo sobre a troca de experiências em ambiente virtual
Authors: Barros Octávia Cristina , Serpa Júnior Octavio Domont de
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo, por meio do estudo da troca de experiência entre os ouvidores de vozes em um ambiente virtual, explora como essas pessoas criam estratégias para compartilhar sua vivência em um coletivo, na busca de alternativa ao saber psiquiátrico acerca da alucinação auditiva verbal. Discorre sobre a criação da rede Intervoice e de sua migração para o ambiente virtual. O emprego da netnografia demonstra que esse ambiente é propício para explorar a troca de experiências entre os ouvidores de vozes, enfatizando sua relação com o uso da medicação e a forma de lidar com as vozes. Observa a forma como os ouvidores de vozes utilizam o ambiente virtual para criar laços sociais e uma nova maneira de estar no mundo.
Dispersal of Cotesia flavipes in sugarcane field and implications for parasitoid releases
Authors: Dinardo-Miranda Leila Luci , Fracasso Juliano Vilela , Costa Viviane Pereira da , Lopes Diego Olympio Teixeira
Published: July 2014

Diatraea saccharalis Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a major sugarcane pest in Brazil. The management of infested areas is based on the release of Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of D. saccharalis larvae, but there are doubts about the effectiveness of C. flavipes, primarily regarding its rate of dispersal in sugarcane fields. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the dispersal of C. flavipes in a sugarcane field and suggest a release method that provides higher parasitoid efficiency. The study was carried out in four areas of approximately 1 ha, in which stalk pieces containing 20 D. saccharalis larvae were distributed in a rectangular grid, and 12,000 C. flavipes adults were released at four points, that were 50 m apart and 25 m from the field border. Three days later, the D. saccharalis larvae were recovered and kept in the laboratory until they reached pupal stage or C. flavipes emergence. Parasitism varied from 13.2% to 42.8%. The random distribution of parasitized larvae was found in one assay. In three areas, the parasitized larvae showed an aggregated distribution, with a range of 15 to 25 m. Since the parasite's success is directly linked to parasitoid dispersion, it would be interesting to move the release points to 30 m from each other because the dispersal may happen in a 15 m radius.
Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on porosity and compressive strength of a glass ionomer cement
Authors: MARTI Luana Mafra , AZEVEDO Elcilaine Rizzato , MATA Margareth da , GIRO Elisa Maria Aparecida , ZUANON Angela Cristina Cilense
Published: July 2014

INTRODUCTION:For presenting wide antibacterial activity, chlorhexidine (CHX) has been extensively used in dentistry and can be easily incorporated into the glass ionomer cement (GIC) and consequently released into the oral cavity.AIM: The aim of this study was porosity and compression strength of a GIC, that was added to different concentrations of CHX.MATERIAL AND METHOD: Specimens were prepared with GIC (Ketac Molar Esaymix) and divided into 4 groups according to the concentration of CHX: control, 0.5% and 1% and 2% (n = 10). For analysis of pores specimens were fractured with the aid of hammer and chisel surgical, so that the fracture was performed in the center of the specimens, dividing it in half and images were obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyzed in Image J software. The compressive strength test was conducted in a mechanical testing machine (EMIC - Equipment and Testing Systems Ltd., Joseph of the Pines, PR, Brazil). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, Tukey test. Significance level of 5%.RESULT: No statistically significant changes between the study groups was observed both for the number of pores as well as for the compressive strength.CONCLUSION: The use of GIC associated with CHX gluconate 1% and 2% is the best option to be used in dental practice.