bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ML-based Anomaly Detection for CAN Bus Network in Agriculture Machinery
Authors: Bhattacharya Souradeep , Gallolukankanamalage Ranuka G. , Steward Brian L. , Govindarasu Manimaran
Published: November 2024

The adoption of advanced automation and next-generation technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and modern communication networks has revolutionized the food and agriculture sector, boosting the efficiency and precision of farm machinery. However, this increased inter-connectivity has also exposed significant vulnerabilities, particularly in Controller Area Network (CAN) protocols, widely used in advanced agricultural machinery and equipment. Due to its lack of inherent security features, CAN is susceptible to various cyber-attacks, potentially leading to severe consequences if these attacks remain undetected and unmitigated. This paper introduces a supervised machine learning (ML)-based anomaly detection system (CAN-ADS) designed to detect various cyber-attacks on CAN-based agricultural machinery. The system leverages network traffic augmentation and data balancing techniques to train ML algorithms on CAN-specific datasets. Experimental results show that CAN-ADS achieves high accuracy (approx 98%) and true-positive rates with low false-negative rates (approx 1%).
A Narrative Review on the Current Insights and Future Directions for the Reduction of Medial Joint Load in Walking Associated with Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sackiriyas Steni , Kernozek Thomas
Published: November 2024

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition affecting millions of people globally. Recent research suggests that prolonged loading (forces) on the knee can be a potential factor affecting articular cartilage and deform knee structures, ultimately leading to the development and progression of medial knee OA. Hence, reducing loading is a common theme in preventing and managing medial knee OA. Current non-pharmacological interventions known to reduce knee include the use of canes, laterally wedged insoles, knee braces, muscle strengthening exercises, and gait modifications. More recently, gait modifications have incorporated the use of augmented feedback from knee kinetic forces to reduce knee loads. This article aims to explore the influences of loading on the knee and techniques for adjusting these loads relative to medial knee OA. The secondary objective is to provide insight into future directions for the comprehensive management of knee OA.
A Comparative Study on Student Engagement and Achievement in Online Versus Traditional Classroom Instruction
Authors:   Department of ECE, Mohan Babu University, Tirupati-517102.AndraPradesh., Ashokkumar N. , Venkatramana P. ,   Department of ECE, Mohan Babu University, Tirupati-517102.AndraPradesh., Arun V. ,   Department of EEE, Mohan Babu University, Tirupati-517102.AndraPradesh., Prabhu S. ,   Department of EEE, Mohan Babu University, Tirupati-517102.AndraPradesh.
Published: November 2024

Abstract : The different points related to the study topic and Vygotsky's theory have been stated. The transition of traditional learning to digital learning has faced great changes mainly in this time of pandemic. The primary data collection process, descriptive method, and deductive approach of research have followed here. SPSS and ANOVA, frequency analysis, and correlation have been done here. Data has been gathered from different 55 students with 13 questions and their analysis is been stated here. The interpretation of data has been done with SPSS in this part. A comparison of the literature review and the relation between the results that are collected are analysed in this part. Thus, it can be concluded that the traditional learning practice created more impact on the engagement of students. The online teaching process has made less engagement in comparison with the traditional process. Students who wished to attend international classes but could not go to the places are taking online classes from home. Nevertheless, the relationship between the teacher and the student and their successes are hindered here so much so. Keywords : Traditional, online, teaching, teachers, students, face-to-face connection, digital, engagement.
Impact of Intermediate Indicators on Attaining Cognitive Program Outcomes
Authors: Ali M. Tanseer , Rahman Md. Abdur , Mannan Mohammad Abdul , Zishan Md Saniat Rahman , Chisty Nafiz Ahmed , Hossain Chowdhury Akram
Published: November 2024

Abstract : Globally, engineering education is revolutionizing through the Outcome Based Education (OBE) model. To achieve accreditation under the requirements of the Washington Accord, the Program Outcome attainment has become a focal point in the Engineering field. Attempts to introduce a new OBE-based curriculum in the Universities of Bangladesh have faced many challenges for teaching staff and students. One of the crucial tasks is to achieve the defined Program Outcomes (POs) through Course Outcomes (COs). In this paper, an intermediate relationship between POs and COs is proposed. A case study and analysis of the proposed Intermediate Indicator to attain Cognitive Domain Program Outcomes has been presented to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the methodology. Results clearly demonstrate that the Intermediate Indicator is essential to attaining program outcomes through course outcomes. Keywords : Outcome Based Education; Engineering Education; Program Outcome; Course Outcome; Program Outcome Indicator.
A köpet helyes iránya : Becsületértelmezések a századfordulón egy veszprémi példán keresztül
Authors: Tóth Kelemen
Published: November 2024

Ady Endre Ficánkol a parlament című 1911-ben megjelent publicisztikájában egy régi, de saját korában nagyon is élőnek gondolt viccel szemléltette a magyar parlament hagyományőrző sajátosságait: „A mágnás leköpi a dzsentrit, a dzsentri leköpi a polgárt, a polgár a parasztot s a paraszt a kutyát.” A viccből a köpés adásának és kapásának fentről lefelé tartó iránya világosan kiolvasható. Történt azonban pár évvel korábban, 1908 januárjában Veszprém városában, hogy Doktorits Sámuel, a Veszprémi járás korábbi szolgabírája, megfeledkezvén a köpet helyes vertikalitásáról, nagy nyilvánosság előtt mellkason találta köpni a veszprémi választókerület országgyűlési képviselőjét és a vármegye egyik legbefolyásosabb emberét, Óvári Ferencet. Az eset híre hamar szárnyra kelt, egy hét sem kellett, hogy az országos lapok is tudósítsanak róla: „Veszprém főterén épületes botrány játszódott le hétfőn délelőtt” – írta például a Friss Ujság. A becsületbelivé vált ügybe, mely később „lovagias” színezetet is kapott, idővel a város közgyűlése, a vármegye közigazgatásának és igazságszolgáltatásának vezető alakjai, valamint más köztiszteletben álló polgárok is belebonyolódtak. Célom, az Óvári–Doktorits-affért részleteiben kibontva, a becsület eszméjéről alkotott, egymás mellett létező elgondolások elemzése. Világosan látszik ugyanis, hogy máshogy ítélt az Óvárit támogató, mint a vele ellentétes világnézeti állásponton álló közvélemény. Vizsgálatom tárgya tehát az, hogy egy konkrét eset kapcsán miként feszülnek egymásnak a magyar társadalom szövevényessége okán létező különböző társadalmi csoportok magatartásformái, illetve a helyes magatartásról, a tiszteletre méltó, becsületes viselkedésről alkotott elképzelései.
Meldepflicht von Berufskrankheiten bei grenzüberschreitender Tätigkeit von Beschäftigten in Deutschland und Österreich
Authors:   Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Wien, Giffinger Raphael
Published: November 2024

Obligation to report occupational diseases in the case of cross-border activities of employees in Germany and Austria Cross-border work brings new challenges – including the obligation to report occupational diseases. What are the regulations governing physicians in Germany and Austria? What happens if suspected cases occur in different EU countries? European regulations govern cooperation between social insurance institutions and regulate the obligations of medical professionals in reporting occupational diseases.
Tek ve Çift Yumurta İkizi Öğrencilerin Beyin Baskınlıkları ile Üst Bilişsel Farkındalıkları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Işık Kübra Nur , Bozkurt Ali
Published: November 2024

Araştırmada tek ve çift yumurta ikizi öğrencilerin beyin baskınlıkları ile üst bilişsel farkındalıkları arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Yöntem olarak betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Örneklem, ölçüt örnekleme metodu kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Örneklemi, iç Anadolu bölgesindeki bir büyükşehir merkezindeki ortaokullarda öğrenim görmekte olan 80 çift yumurta ikizi (160 öğrenci) ve 20 tek yumurta ikizi (40 öğrenci) öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak ‘Beyin Baskınlık Envanteri’ ve ‘Üst Bilişsel Farkındalık Ölçeği’ kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde nicel analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre ikizlerin beyin baskınlık durumları ile tek ya da çift yumurta ikizi olmaları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Ayrıca tek ve çift yumurta ikizlerinin üst bilişsel farkındalık ölçeği puanları arasında anlamlı ilişki olmadığı görülmüştür. Son olarak tek yumurta ikizlerinde beyin baskınlık durumu puanı ile üst bilişsel farkındalık ölçek puanı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamazken, çift yumurta ikizlerinde beyin baskınlık durumu puanı ile üst bilişsel farkındalık ölçek puanı arasında negatif yönlü zayıf bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
Pieter Bruegel'in “Çocuk Oyunları” Tablosundaki Oyunların Derslerde Kullanımına İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri
Authors: Karaosmanoğlu Gökhan , Kara Bilgin Filiz
Published: November 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Pieter Bruegel’in “Çocuk Oyunları” tablosundaki oyunların derslerde kullanımına yönelik öğretmen görüşlerini tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla ilk olarak katılımcıların derslerde kullandıkları oyunlar ve bu oyunları kullanma amacı belirlenmiş, öğretmenlerin oyunlar ve oyunların derslerde kullanımı konusundaki deneyimleri belirlenmiştir. Sonrasında katılımcıların “Çocuk Oyunları” tablosunda bulunan oyunları hangi amaçla, nasıl kullandıklarına yönelik görüşleri incelenmiştir. Son olarak katılımcıların derslerde yaptıkları uygulamalardan örnekler verilerek tablonun kullanımı konusunda somut önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Nitel araştırma deseni kullanılan araştırmada öğretmenlerin görüşlerini tespit etmek amacıyla çevrim içi ortamda bulunan “Bruegel'in ‘Çocuk Oyunları’ Tablosundaki Oyunların Derslerde Kullanımını Belirleme Formu”ndaki soruları yanıtlayan 15 katılımcının görüşleri betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları katılımcıların farklı oyunları ders konularıyla ilişkilendirme, dikkat çekme, motivasyon, kalıcı öğrenme, öğrenci becerilerini geliştirme amaçlarıyla kullandıklarını göstermektedir. Katılımcıların “Çocuk Oyunları” tablosunu ve tablodaki oyunları sanatsal becerileri ve eleştirel düşünme, konuşma, dinleme, grup olma, empati, duyguları ifade etme, dikkat ve motivasyon becerilerini geliştirmek için kullandıkları görülmüştür. Katılımcılar, oyunların görsel sanatlar (perspektif, renk bilgisi, doku çalışmaları), Türkçe (hikâye oluşturma, yazım ve noktalama, eş ve zıt anlam), fen bilimleri (kuvvet, hareket, basit makineler), matematik (ritmik sayma, açılar) ve sosyal bilgiler (geçmişten günümüze çocuk oyunları, farklı kültürler) gibi derslerde konuların öğretiminde kullanılabileceğine yönelik örnekler vermişlerdir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre “Çocuk Oyunları” tablosunun tek bir branşta kullanımına yönelik çalışmalar yapılması önerilebilir.
Demographic Factors Associated with Students' Belief and Attitude towards Physics and Learning: A Cross-Sectional Study from Indonesia
Authors: Diyana Tsania Nur , Sutopo Sutopo , Koes-handayanto Supriyono , Kusairi Sentot
Published: November 2024

Students' Belief and Attitude (BA) towards physics and learning are believed to influence student performance in learning. Identification and exploration of students' BA are crucial aspects in supporting the quality of physics learning. The Colorado Learning Attitudes about Sciences Survey (CLASS) is an instrument that is widely used to identify and explore students' beliefs and attitudes towards physics and learning. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between each categories of CLASS and the impact of demographic characteristics (gender, study program, school origin, interest in becoming a teacher, and length of study) on student beliefs. This study aims to fill in this gap. Using CLASS to measure these beliefs and attitudes among 439 physics students and prospective physics teachers from 11 universities. The survey data was analyzed with the Pearson Correlation, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Overall, the results obtained show that all belief and attitude categories are significantly interconnected. Apart from that, there is also a positive and significant relationship between categories. This indicates that the three categories have demonstrated to be capable of constructing BA as a whole. However, no significant differences were discovered in the association between students' belief and attitudes towards physics and their learning based on demographic characteristics.
Factors Influencing Teacher Enthusiasm: A Qualitative Study in Turkish Context
Authors: Savaş Gökhan , Dolapcı Erhan
Published: November 2024

This study explores the factors influencing teacher enthusiasm in Turkish public schools through a qualitative, exploratory case study design conducted in two provinces in the northwestern region of Türkiye. Data were collected from 28 teachers using semi-structured interviews, with participants selected through convenience and maximum variation sampling methods. Content analysis was employed to analyze the data. The research identified three primary themes: personal factors, contextual factors, and external factors. Personal factors include motivation, affection for teaching and job satisfaction. Contextual factors encompass students’ academic performance and behaviors, school leadership practices, relationships with colleagues, and working conditions. External factors involve parental attitudes, educational policies, the value perception of the teaching profession, and incentives and rewards. The findings emphasize the critical role of personal motivation, affection for teaching, and job satisfaction in fostering teacher enthusiasm. Additionally, supportive leadership, positive student interactions, and a collaborative work environment are crucial contextual factors. External factors such as positive parental attitudes, consistent educational policies, societal recognition of the teaching profession, and appropriate incentives and rewards also play a vital role in fostering teacher enthusiasm. These results suggest that policymakers should prioritize consistent educational policies as well as recognition and rewards for teachers, while school principals should create supportive and collaborative environments. By addressing these areas, stakeholders can enhance teacher enthusiasm, ultimately improving teaching quality and student outcomes.
Local Language Explanation-Infused Learning Material (LLE) and Activity-Based Formative Assessment (AFA): Enhancing Mathematics Learning
Authors: Repuya Christian , Balderama Jay Francis , Cerillo Jerome , Dorol Kaye Ronald , Mapusao Jay
Published: November 2024

The study employed mixed-method research, specifically a pre-experimental case study, to explore the influence of implementing local language explanation-infused learning material (LLE) and activity-based formative assessment (AFA) on mathematics learning. The t-test for dependent samples was used to analyze the influence of LLE and AFA on students' mathematics learning. Thematic analysis of the data from informal interviews, focus group discussions, and observations was used to support the findings. The participants were 38 Grade 9 students from one of the public secondary high schools in the Philippines, identified through purposive sampling and selection criteria. The findings showed that using LLE and AFA significantly improves mathematics learning along with illustrating, modeling, and problem-solving with small to medium effect sizes. The thematic analysis results show that the use of LLE is helpful for students to study independently because they find the lessons more straightforward to understand. The use of AFA helps students enjoy learning through individual and group activities, leading to the development of analytical and critical thinking. The study recommends integrating local languages into instructional materials, providing teacher training on LLE and AFA, ensuring resources of adequate sort for formative assessments, and strengthening monitoring mechanisms to enhance the implementation of these practices in the classroom.
Delving into the Critical Thinking Skills of Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers with Their Metacognitive Awareness
Authors: Erdoğan Fatma , Kalkan Sinan
Published: November 2024

Metacognitive awareness (MA) and critical thinking (CT) are crucial higher-order thinking skills in mathematics education. MA and CT skills of pre-service teachers are considered important predictors of their future teaching practices in the teaching and learning of mathematics. In this context, the study examines the potential effects of socio-demographic (e.g., gender) and academic variables (e.g., academic year and academic achievement) on MA and CT skills of pre-service mathematics teachers (PSTs). Additionally, the aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the MA and CT skills of PSTs. Employing a quantitative research methodology, the study was structured around a correlational model. It involved 218 PSTs, using the “MA Inventory” and “CT Standards Scale” for data collection. The data were analyzed through independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and simple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that PSTs possess a high level of MA and CT skills. Significant differences in MAs of PSTs were observed with respect to academic year and academic achievement, while the CT skills of PSTs showed significant differences concerning gender and academic achievement. A strong, positive, and significant correlation was found between MA and CT skills of PSTs. Furthermore, the MAs of PSTs were identified as a significant predictor of their CT skills, explaining 38% of the variance in CT skills.
Combined fibrinogen concentration and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, an integrative model of the inflammatory response and coagulation cascades, for predicting prognosis in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Yangqing , Chen Chen , Lu Chaoyue , Bao Yongxing , Zhang Weishi , Liang Haote , Ye Tingyu , Yu Zhixian , Li Yeping , Zhou Lina , Yu Deguan , Lin Binwei
Published: November 2024

Inflammation and coagulation cascades are closely correlated with cancer occurrence and progression. This study investigated the prognostic value of the combination of plasma fibrinogen level and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (F-NLR) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The predictive ability of the F-NLR for overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) was initially established and then further validated in patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for UTUC. As a result, patients were divided into three groups following the establishment of cut-off values for the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (≥2.53 vs <2.53) and fibrinogen (≥4.55 vs <4.55) through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis: F-NLR score 0 (low fibrinogen and low NLR), 2 (high fibrinogen and high NLR), or 1 (remaining patients). The F-NLR score was then identified as an independent risk factor for OS, CSS, and PFS (all P value <0.05) by multivariate regression analysis in both the training and validation cohorts. In addition, F-NLR-based nomograms for OS, CSS, and PFS were developed and evaluated using the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves. The integration of the F-NLR into existing nomograms improved predictive accuracy compared to the use of nomograms without the F-NLR score. This suggests that the addition of F-NLR is beneficial for enhancing the accuracy of prognosis prediction in patients with UTUC. The F-NLR score may serve as a powerful predictor for patients with UTUC.
Architecture Independent Test Templates for Virtual Machines and Microprocessors
Authors:   Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Protsenko A. S.
Published: November 2024

To ensure the quality of compilers, virtual machines and microprocessors, testing with the use of test programs is applied. Test templates, i.e. parameterized descriptions of test programs, are used to reduce the resources spent on test creation. For verification of test objects with different architectures, test templates testing the same functional properties can be used. A task of describing templates in an architecture-independent form and its customization for a target architecture arises. The paper proposes a method for creating and using architecture independent test templates. The method is as follows. Architecture dependent constructs that are needed to describe a test template are defined. Based on these constructs, an architecture independent test template is created. Then the template is customized to the architecture of the object under test by describing implementations of the architecture dependent constructs. Realizations of the constructs can be described by different sets of architecturally dependent operations, differing both by the type of data used and by the operations used. Different strategies for selecting the implementations to be used, such as full brute force, random selection, and others, can be applied in the test templates. Providing an interface as the architecture dependent constructs allows the use of third-party generators to create the architecturally independent templates. Rewriting the implementations of the constructs allows the test programs to be derived from the given templates for new architectures. This method was successfully applied to check optimizations in a virtual machine compiler.
Method of Motion Path Planning Based on a Deep Neural Network with Vector Input
Authors: Hamdan N. , Medvedev M. , Pshikhopov V.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the problem of path planning in a two-dimensional environment based on deep learning neural networks. Deep neural networks require large amounts of data and place high computational requirements on computing tools. The lack of sufficient data leads to a decrease in the accuracy of the neural network, and high computational requirements at the learning stage limit the use of this technology in engineering practice. In this paper, the forms of representation of the environment for the input of a neural network are studied. Vector form allows to reduce the amount of information supplied to the input of a neural network, but it leads to the need to use more complex neural networks. In this article, a combined form of representation is proposed, including a vector global and local map layout. The vector part of the map includes the position of the robot, the position of the target point and a description of obstacles. The local raster map describes the area closest to the robot. Using numerical research, the effectiveness of this form of data representation for a precise neural network is shown, compared with the raster representation of the map. In this article, two structures of neural networks are studied, one of which uses 8 possible directions of movement, and the other uses 3 possible directions of movement. It is shown that when using 3 possible directions, the cycling of trajectories planned by the neural network is eliminated, which leads to an increase in accuracy.
Control of Nonlinear Systems with Input Delay
Authors: The Dong Dang , Ba Huy Nguyen , Xuan Khanh Nguyen
Published: November 2024

An algorithm for control of nonlinear systems with sector nonlinearity and a constant known time-delay in the control channel is proposed. To design the control law, a predictor of the controlled variable by the time-delay value is used. Unlike the predictor of O. Smith, the predictor under consideration can be applied to unstable systems, and differently from the predictor of A. Manitius and A. Olbrot, the proposed predictor does not contain an integral component, which requires accurate implementation to predict the regulated signal. Next, based on the proposed predictors, subpredictors are built, which are a sequential connection of a series of similar predictors, but with a shorter time-delay. As a result, the use of a subpredictor allows one to control plants with a larger time-delay, which is reflected in the closed-loop system, where the time-delay is as many times less than the original one as the number of predictors used in the prediction scheme of the controlled variable. Using the method of Lyapunov-Krasovsky functionals and the S-procedure, sufficient conditions for the stability of the closed-loop system are obtained in the form of solvability of linear matrix inequalities. The asymptotic convergence to zero of the state vector and the uniformly boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop system are proven. It is shown that the resulting linear matrix inequalities depend on the parameters of the plant, sector boundaries for nonlinearity and time-delay, which makes it possible to calculate their upper values when the closed-loop system remains stable. These problems may be relevant when calculating the upper value of the sector of the nonlinearity under consideration or the upper value of the time-delay during remote control. The results of computer modeling are presented, which illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approaches and demonstrate an increase in the possible time-delay in the system when using a subpredictor scheme. The example shows that when using a serial connection of two subpredictors instead of one, the maximum time-delay in the control channel can be doubled. Moreover, in contrast to the predictor of A. Manitius and A. Olbrot, the subpredictor scheme is simple due to the lack of implementation of the integral component.
Comparative Analysis of Quasi-Linear Kalman-Type Algorithms in Estimating a Markov Sequence with Nonlinearities in the System and Measurement Equations
Authors: Stepanov O. A. , Litvinenko Yu. A. , Isaev A. M.
Published: November 2024

The so-called Kalman type algorithms (KTA) are considered, among them quasi-linear KTAs introduced as a separate class, the features of which are the Gaussian approximation of the a posteriori probability density function (p.d.f.) at each step and the procedure for processing the current measurement based on the ideology of a linear optimal algorithm. The unified structure of such algorithms and their features are discussed. Two groups are distinguished the quasi-linear KTA: the first is algorithms using Taylor series expansion of the nonlinear functions, and the second is the so-called linear regression KTA. The methods of their designing are considered, and the common features are described. Detailed attention is paid to the following KTAs: the extended Kalman filter (EKF), polynomial filters of the second and third order (PF2 and PF3), as representatives of the first group, and the Unscented and Cubature Kalman filters (UKF and CKF), as representatives the second one. Their comparative analysis is carried out using the estimation problem of a scalar Markov sequence in the presence of nonlinearities in the shaping filter and in the measurement equations. For all the studied algorithms, the formulas are given in a form convenient for comparison. Based on these formulas, possible causes of a decrease in accuracy and a violation of the consistency properties are identified. Using the previously proposed procedure based on the method of statistical tests, predictive simulation was carried out, which made it possible to confirm the conclusions obtained previously on the basis of an analysis of the formulas for the algorithms being compared. The simulation also allowed to compare the computational complexity of the compared algorithms. The results of the study may be useful to developers involved in the processing of measurement information when choosing a filtering algorithm for solving specific practical estimation problems.
Features of inspiratory muscles’ functional state in chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Ivanov Konstantin M. , Silkina Tatiana A. , Baykina Natalia  G.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: It is known that chronic heart failure contributes to the development of multiple organ pathology, including skeletal muscle pathology.
AIM: To determine the strength and electrical activity of the inspiratory muscles in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 80 patients of both sexes aged 45 to 74 years, who were divided into three groups: the first group consisted of 24 patients with stage IIA chronic heart failure, the second group consisted of 20 patients with stage I chronic heart failure, and the third group (control group) consisted of 36 patients without chronic heart failure. All patients underwent serum N-terminal fragment of natriuretic brain propeptide determination, 6-minute walk test, measurement of inspiratory muscle strength, and surface electromyography of the inspiratory muscles using three exercise tests. The statistical significance of differences between the groups was assessed using the Mann–Whitney test and Pearson χ2.
RESULTS: It was found that when dividing the groups by gender, the maximum inspiratory pressure in women of the first group was lower than in women of the control group by 31.5% (p=0.006). In patients of the first group, a smaller increase in the amplitude of the diaphragm electromyogram was recorded in the 1st test — with maintaining an inspiratory effort of 30% power for 15 s by 27.9% (p=0.010), 26.1% (p=0.025) and 40.7% (p=0.033) at the 5th, 10th and 15th seconds, respectively, in the 2nd test — with maintaining an inspiratory effort of 50% power for 5 s, by 32.6% (p=0.041) at the 5th second, in the 3rd test — with maintaining an inspiratory effort of 70% power for 5 s, by 42.8% (p=0.009) at the 5th second compared to the control group. At the same time, a more pronounced decrease in the electromyogram frequency was noted in the 1st sample — by 24.2% (p=0.048), 24.7% (p=0.030) compared to the control group, which serves as a sign of fatigue. On the accessory inspiratory muscles, the amplitude increase was higher in patients of the first group compared to the control group, which indicates activation of additional motor units: on the external intercostal muscles in the 1st sample — by 31.7% (p=0.032), 37.9% (p=0.044), in the 2nd sample — by 28.9% (p=0.048), 43.1% (p=0.036); on the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the 1st sample — by 66.1% (p=0.033), 49.4% (p=0.043), in the 2nd sample — by 128.6% (p=0.032).
CONCLUSION: In patients with chronic heart failure stage IIA, surface electromyography using stress tests revealed diaphragm fatigue and increased activity of accessory inspiratory muscles.
Clinical aspects of pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract in military personnel of the North Caucasian District of the Russian Guard, participating in combat operations
Authors: Ushaeva Lyudmila A. , Zavyalov Dmitriy V. , Shubin Leonid B.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: The use of modern technology and weapons forces us to reconsider classical approaches to the prevalence and understanding of the specifics of the existing pathology of participants in hostilities and providing them with medical care.
AIM: To study the prevalence of pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract in servicemen of the North Caucasian District of the Russian Guard, participating in hostilities, and their clinical features.
DESIGN OF THE STUDY: 118 participants in combat operations were examined, all men aged 21 to 65 years, 48 officers and 70 military personnel of the contract service with a background mild surgical and therapeutic pathology and a burdened gastroenterological history. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the variable frequency method in the MedCalc Statistical Software version 22.009 (MedCalc Software Ltd, Ostend, Belgium; https://www.medcalc.org; 2023).
RESULTS: In patients participating in combat operations (at р 0.0001), acute and chronic erosive and ulcerative destructive damage to the mucous membrane in the gastrointestinal tract prevails (61%), chronic superficial gastritis occurs in 19%, GERD in 15% and functional dyspepsia in 5%. Among officers, acute gastric erosions, combined erosive-ulcerative pathology and chronic gastritis were more common; among contract military personnel, chronic duodenal ulcers, the erosive form of GERD, chronic gastritis and combined pathologies predominated.
CONCLUSION: Participants in combat operations are susceptible to erosive and ulcerative lesions in the gastrointestinal tract and require close attention with an emphasis on a group of officers, as well as the creation of modern clinical and diagnostic programs for the early detection of diseases of the upper parts of the digestive organs to prevent delayed complications.
Changes in the functional connections of the brain in patients with hypersomnia in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Trushina Lidiya I. , Ternovykh Ivan K. , Filin Yana A. , Alekseeva Tatyana M. , Efimtsev Alexander Yu. , Trufanov Gennady E.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: The Disorders of cerebral circulation and sleep are inextricably related, since sleep disorders, including hypersomnia, are closely intertwined with cardiovascular diseases and increase the risk of stroke. Research works on visualization of functional brain changes in patients with sleep disorders and acute ischemic stroke are very few and need more study.
AIM: to determine the functional connections of the brain in hypersomnia in patients with acute ischemic stroke by performing functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest.
A study of 40 patients with acute ischemic stroke and sleep disorders was performed on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Almazov Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. All patients underwent neurological examination, assessment of sleepiness, worry and depression, magnetic resonance imaging was performed on tomographs with a magnetic field induction force of 1.5T, using a standard protocol and special pulse sequences of T-gradient echo 3D MPRAGE and BOLD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain at rest was used to assess functional connections. Postprocessing was performed using specialized CONN-TOOLBOX software with an appropriate graphical representation of quantitative results based on the selection of areas of interest.
RESULTS: Among the examined patients, 23 had hypersomnolence; of these, 8 patients were diagnosed with secondary hypersomnia associated with sleep apnea syndrome. Thus, in the examined sample, post-stroke hypersomnolence was detected in 15 patients (34%). Patients with an unspecified subtype of stroke and right-sided lesions showed a high degree of drowsiness (p 0.05). With the help of functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain at rest, changes in functional connections between the main nodes of the default mode network with the left temporal pole, cerebellum, central cerebral cortex on the left, angular gyrus on the left, with the dorsal attention network on the right are determined (p 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The use of complex magnetic resonance imaging, which includes structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute ischemic stroke and sleep disorders, allows us to identify structural changes and changes in functional connectivity and identify neuroimaging markers of this pathology. Hypersomnolence is typical for patients with an unspecified subtype of ischemic stroke and damage to the right hemisphere of the brain.
Validation of the technological process for the production of riamilovir-based solution for aerodispersible administration
Authors: Prikhodko Yuliya S. , Petrov Alexander Yu. , Knysh Ol'ga I. , Kinev Mikhail Yu. , Bolotova Anna V. , Artem’ev Grigоriy A. , Okolelova Marina S.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: An important step in the production of riamilovir-based solution for inhalation administration is the validation of critical stages of the technological process. First, a detailed study of all production steps, from the preparation of the initial ingredients to the final packaging, is carried out. Control tests are then conducted, including measuring key process parameters and analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the solution. One of the important aspects of process validation is also the training of production personnel. Proper understanding and adherence to all process instructions and requirements ensures that the process is followed correctly.
AIM: Carry out validation activities throughout the stages of the technological process for the production of a solution for inhalation administration based on the active substance “riamilovir”.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out using the developed Pilot Industrial Regulations for the production of the medicina. The quality assessment of pharmaceutical substances, excipients and pilot samples was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation and GMP rules.
RESULTS: It has been established that the technological scheme for the production of a solution based on the active substance “riamilovir” contains 6 main stages. The greatest risk is observed at the following stages: Auxiliary work 3. Obtaining water — risk of bacterial contamination. Тechnological process 4. Preparation and sterilizing filtration of the solution — risks of insufficient concentration and unsterility of the solution. Тechnological process 5. Dosing the solution into vials is a risk due to underfilling, as well as violation of sterility.
CONCLUSION: Validation of the technological process of production of solution for inhalation administration based on the active substance “riamilovir” has been carried out. Critical stages in the technological production process have been identified. The optimal parameters of the technological process have been determined and documented, leading to a predictable result — the release of a high-quality and safe drug.
Changes in the sensory regions of the brain in patients with multiple sclerosis after complex neurorehabilitation according to resting functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kopteva Yuliya P. , Ponomaryova Svetlana D. , Agafina Alina S. , Filin Yana A. , Trufanov Gennady E. , Sherbak Sergey G.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is the one of leading causes of non-traumatic disability in young adult patients. An in-depth understanding of the processes of neuroplasticity underlying rehabilitation measures will ensure full and effective recovery of patients with this disease.
AIM: To evaluate changes in the brain connectome in patients with multiple sclerosis in response to complex rehabilitation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study included 20 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (EDSS 1.5–6.5) in remission. All patients underwent comprehensive inpatient neurorehabilitation in a volume corresponding to individual rehabilitation needs for 5 weeks. To assess changes in the connectome, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was performed at three points: before the start of rehabilitation, immediately after its completion, and one month after discharge from the hospital. Statistical analysis is carried out using the CONN 7 (based on MathLab). Clinical neurological examination included examination using functional tests, passing questionnaires, and determining scores on the EDSS scale before and after rehabilitation.
RESULTS: A total of 20 patients were examined, 13 of them at three control points. According to rs-fMRI data, clusters of decreased connectivity were identified between the left parahippocampal gyrus and the lateral cortex of the right occipital lobe, and between the right parahippocampal gyrus and the precuneus (p-FWE, p-FDR of cluster size and mass 0.05). Clusters of increased connectivity were determined between the left inferior temporal gyrus and the lateral occipital cortex of the left hemisphere, between the left middle temporal gyrus and the right frontal field, between the pole of the left temporal lobe and the lateral cortex of the left hemisphere (p-FWE, p-FDR of cluster size and mass 0.05). Other clusters of sufficient size demonstrated borderline statistical significance (individual adjusted p values for cluster size and mass exceeded 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The identified changes indicate a functional reorganization of brain structures responsible for the perception of complex visual information, the functioning of executive control systems, as well as the implementation of memory and sequential action planning.
High throughput MXene delamination for powering e-textile devices
Authors:   , Inman Corey Alexander , Gogotsi Yury , Li Christopher Y.
Published: November 2024

MXenes, a family of two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown considerable promise in a wide range of applications from energy storage to electromagnetic interference shielding. Due to the rheological properties of aqueous MXene dispersions, MXenes can be made into inks and can be used with a variety of deposition techniques to create multifunctional coatings that can aid in the realization of future technologies. While MXenes have shown promise in these fields there still exist bottlenecks in the production process. To take advantage of many of the properties of MXene multilayer MXene must be delaminated into single flakes in stable aqueous dispersions that can act as functional inks. The current state of the art for delamination of MXene incorporates cationic chemical species between individual flakes that expand the interlayer spacing and allow for delamination. This delamination process is time and waste-intensive and leads to MXene with chemical impurities that can affect the final application. Particularly, lithium impurities make MXene undesirable in biological applications. Herein, we propose to generate MXene inks with high-energy methods without the use of chemical intercalants. We will extend this procedure to generate stable MXene dispersions with scalable methods that generate nearly zero waste. Finally, we will demonstrate that MXenes made this way can be made into inks with various rheological properties for use in the additive manufacture of electronics for future technologies, specifically, we look at MXenes in e-textiles. Demonstrating that MXenes can be used for textile-based energy storage applications capable of powering real-world electronics that can perform environmental sensing and data transmission. We extend the idea of powering garments beyond energy storage to produce printed MXene induction coils (MX-coils). We print these MX-coils directly onto textile substrates and show that they can transfer power into a textile to charge an MXene-textile supercapacitor, direct applications, and joule heating. The MX-coils show substantial mechanical robustness and can even be used as transmitter coils to transfer power and data off a garment.
Cálculo de órbitas periódicas mediante la Teoría del Promedio
Authors: Rolón Machuca María del Carmen
Published: November 2024

Un equilibrio cero-Hopf en ℝ3 es un punto de equilibrio aislado cuyos valores propios son un par de valores puramente imaginarios y el valor propio cero. Para tal equilibrio, se estudió una teoría general para saber cuándo a partir de este equilibrio se bifurcan órbitas periódicas de pequeña amplitud al mover los parámetros del sistema, esta teoría es conocida como la teoría del promedio. La aplicación de promedios convierte el problema de encontrar órbitas periódicas de los sistemas diferenciales, en encontrar ceros de algunas funciones adecuadas de dimensión tres, además de proporcionar estimaciones analíticas de la forma de estas órbitas periódicas. Aquí se muestra la manera de calcular órbitas periódicas a partir de puntos de equilibrio cero-Hopf utilizando la teoría del promedio. En particular, primero se da la caracterización de los valores de los parámetros para los cuales el punto de equilibrio cero-Hopf tiene lugar en los sistemas Rössler, y se encuentra dos familias de parámetros que exhiben tales equilibrios, de una de ellas se estudia la demostración de la existencia de una órbita periódica bifurcada desde el equilibrio cero-Hopf, para ello, se da la prueba de dos teoremas principales que sustentan la demostración del teorema, que proporciona una aproximación de primer orden para soluciones periódicas de un sistema diferencial periódico.
Efectividad del Agua Destilada-Esterilizada Tres veces (ADTE) como alternativa de conservación de los hongos fitopatógenos
Authors: von Glasenapp Axel Aníbal Marsal , Gaona-Duarte Vicente Gabriel , Fretes-Moreno Paola Ester , Arrúa-Widmer Andrea Alejandra , Mendes-Arrúa Juliana Moura , Cazal-Martínez Cinthia Carolina
Published: November 2024

Los estudios de las enfermedades que afectan a las semillas de trigo son esenciales para garantizar la producción agrícola sostenible y la seguridad alimentaria. La punta negra del grano de trigo, caracterizada por la decoloración marrón-negra en el extremo del embrión, se asocia con la presencia de géneros hongos fitopatógenos, como Alternaria y Bipolaris. Aunque esta enfermedad no suele afectar el rendimiento del cultivo, puede comprometer la calidad del grano, lo que resulta en pérdidas económicas debido a descuentos en el mercado. El presente estudio evaluó la efectividad del método de conservación utilizando agua destilada-esterilizada tres veces (ADTE) para preservar la viabilidad y estabilidad de Alternaria sp. y Bipolaris sp. Los resultados demostraron que el método ADTE fue eficaz para conservar tres de las cuatro cepas evaluadas, siendo Alt04 la más viable. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el ADTE podría representar una alternativa económica y efectiva para la conservación a largo plazo de estos hongos fitopatógenos. Dado su papel crítico en la agricultura, la identificación de los géneros asociados a la enfermedad de la punta negra, así como su correcto aislamiento y conservación, facilitarán el registro de cepas de referencia para investigaciones futuras.
AI-Enhanced IMC: Leveraging Data Analytics for Targeted Marketing Campaigns
Authors: Boinapalli Narasimha Rao , Farhan Kazi Ahmed , Allam Abhishekar Reddy , Nizamuddin Md. , Sridharlakshmi Narayana Reddy Bommu
Published: November 2024

Data analytics to improve targeted marketing efforts examines how artificial intelligence (AI) transforms Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC). The main focus is AI technology's effects on customization, real-time marketing, and client segmentation. The secondary data-based study reviews academic literature, industry publications, and case studies from Netflix, Coca-Cola, Sephora, and Starbucks. Major studies show that AI improves customization, real-time optimization, and accurate targeting, improving engagement, customer happiness, and campaign performance. However, data privacy, algorithmic prejudice, and ethics are issues. The report emphasizes the need for robust data security and fair AI rules that balance innovation and consumer protection. Responsible AI marketing requires robust legal frameworks and ethical standards to address these difficulties.