bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA CRITIQUE BERGSONIENNE DE L’IDEE DE NEANT ET DU PROBLEME: POURQUOI Y A-T-IL DE L’ETRE PLUTOT QUE RIEN? ESSAI DE RECONSTRUCTION FORMELLE
Authors: Murayama Tatsuya
Published: September 2024

Dans L’Évolution créatrice, Bergson a critiqué le problème qui consiste à se demander pourquoi il y a de l’être plutôt que rien, et l’a qualifié de pseu­do-problème. Environ un quart de siècle plus tard, il a brièvement récapitulé cette critique dans l’article « Le Possible et le réel ». Cette récapitulation n’est pas juste un résumé, et son examen nous révèlera les divers éléments difficiles à discerner dans L’Évolution créatrice: on peut citer entre autres, l’adoption par Bergson du principe d’inconcevabilité, bien connu des philosophes du XVIIe siècle, et la vigilance dont il fait preuve vis-à-vis du fonctionnement trompeur du langage usuel, apparentée à celle de la philosophie du langage ordinaire. Je reconstruis et examine cette version récapitulative, et mets en lumière la nouvelle argumentation vis-à-vis du problème et le caractère aussi traditionnel que révolutionnaire de la philosophie de Bergson.
Mot-clef : Bergson. Existence. Néant. Principe d’inconcevabilité. Philosophie du langage ordinaire.
WHAT IS THE PRESENT IN BERGSON’S THOUGHT?
Authors: Higaki Tatsuya
Published: September 2024

Bergson’s concept of the present is highly enigmatic one. On the one hand, he is a philosopher who follows common sense and pursues empiricism according to common sense. On the other hand, however, because he places em­phasis on flowing continuity of the duration, he only sees the present as a cross section of the flow. Ultimately, it can be said that the present is a non-existent concept in his philosophy. However, in the first chapter of Matter and Memory, he assumes pure perception and writes as if it were possible to perceive in the present without duration. Deleuze suggests that this problem can be solved by a metaphysical interpretation of the phenomenon of déjà vu which Bergson discusses in his essay “Memory of the Present and False Recognition.” In this article, I would like to discuss these complicated but crucial issues.
Keywords: Present. Duration. Pure perception. Déjà Vu. Deleuze.
A Comprehensive Review of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motors: Classifications, Characterization, Fabrication, Applications and Future Challenges
Authors: Naz Sidra , Xu Tian-Bing
Published: September 2024

Piezoelectric ultrasonic motors (USMs) are actuators that use ultrasonic frequency piezoelectric vibration generated waves to transform electrical energy into rotary or translating motion. USMs are paid more attention because they offer distinct qualities over traditional magnet-coil-based motors, such as miniaturization, great accuracy, speed, non-magnetic nature, silent operation, straightforward construction, broad temperature operations, and adaptability. This review study focuses on the principle of USMs and their classifications, characterization, fabrication methods, applications, and future challenges. Firstly, the classifications of USMs, especially, standing wave, traveling wave, hybrid mode, multi degree of freedom USMs are summarized, and their respective functioning principles are explained. Secondly, the finite element modelling analysis for design and performance predictions, the conventional and nano/micro fabrication methods, and, the various characterization methods are presented. Thirdly, their advantages, such as high accuracy, small size, and silent operation and their benefits over conventional motors for the different specific applications are examined. In addition, the substantial contributions to a variety of tech-nical fields like surgical robots, industrial, aerospace, and biomedical applications are introduced. Finally, their future prospects and challenges in USMs development, with an emphasis on downsizing, increasing efficiency, and new materials are outlined.
A Novel Spectral Density Function Validation for Bessel’s Equation in L-N Form
Authors: Mandelkern Jeremy
Published: September 2024

In a 2014 paper by C. Fulton, D. Pearson, and S. Pruess, a new characterization of the spectral density function is given for a Sturm-Liouville equation. These authors provide spectral theory showing that the Appell system, a companion linear system of ordinary differential equations, can be utilized to obtain a spectral density function. Though this new method is both elegant for its simplicity and fully viable (as is shown in this work), it has largely been ignored in the literature since its discovery with no citations yet logged in the MathSciNet database. To motivate greater attention towards this 2014 paper, the new spectral theory within it, and its potential applications, work is given here by this author demonstrating a nontrivial example of this new spectral method being applied towards the Bessel Equation in its Liouville-Normal (L-N) form. Validations of results obtained in this paper are also given, showing full agreement with the classical results obtained by E.C. Titchmarsh.
Amentoflavone and Nilotinib Show Strong Binding and Low Toxicity against HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase: A Promising Antiretroviral Strategy
Authors: ferrari Ivan
Published: September 2024

In this preliminary investigation, a concise molecular docking study using the Pyrx program screened thousands of compounds against the active site of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. The Virtual Screening library was employed to assess binding energetics scores, focusing on identifying candidates with high Vina Scores. Eight compounds, including Tetrophan, Imatinib, Amentoflavone, Alprazolam, Bilobetin, Bafetinib, Nilotinib, and Ginketin, emerged as promising candidates with significant binding energies.Recognizing compounds that strongly bind to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase holds potential for antiretroviral drug development in the fight against HIV infection. Subsequently, the study evaluated the toxicity properties of these candidates using pKCSM. Amentoflavone, a natural biflavonoid found in Ginkgo biloba and Nilotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, demonstrated lower overall toxicity profiles compared to other candidates. Further toxicity analysis using Pro-Tox-II revealed Amentoflavone's higher predictive LD50, lower toxicity class, and reduced probabilities of hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and moderate immunotoxicity compared to Nilotinib. While Nilotinib, a pharmaceutical drug, exhibited higher probabilities of adverse effects in these categories. In summary, Amentoflavone and Nilotinib present as promising candidates with lower toxicity concerns. Amentoflavone, as a natural substance, showcases a more favorable toxicity profile than Nilotinib, offering valuable insights for potential therapeutic applications.
Docking Analysis on Mutated Proteins in Cardio-Facio-Cutaneous Syndrome: Amentoflavone E Hypericin Potential Role
Authors: ferrari Ivan
Published: September 2024

Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome, linked to mutations in genes including KRAS, BRAF, MEK1, and MEK2, leads to dysregulated RAS-MAPK signaling with limited therapeutic options. This study utilized molecular docking simulations to screen natural compounds against mutated KRAS, BRAF, MEK1, and MEK2 structures. Promising candidates such as Amentoflavone and Hypericin displayed strong binding affinities and favorable interactions with mutated sites, suggesting their potential as lead molecules for targeted therapies in CFC syndrome. This research offers novel insights into therapeutic interventions for this rare genetic disorder.
Undamped Higgs Modes in Strongly Interacting Superconductors
Authors: Lorenzana Jose , Seibold Götz
Published: September 2024

In superconductors gauge U(1) symmetry is spontaneously broken. According to Goldstone theorem this breaking of a continuous symmetry establishes the existence of the Bogoliubov phase mode while the gauge-invariant response also includes the amplitude fluctuations of the order parameter. The latter, which are also termed ’Higgs’ modes in analogy with the standard model, appear at the energy of the spectral gap 2Δ when the superconducting ground state is evaluated within the weak coupling BCS theory and are therefore damped. Previously we have shown that in the time-dependent Gutzwiller approximation (TDGA) Higgs modes appear inside the gap with a finite binding energy relative to the quasiparticle continuum. Here we show that the binding energy of the Higgs mode becomes exponentially small in the weak coupling limit converging to the BCS solution. On the other hand, well-defined undamped amplitude modes exist in strongly coupled superconductors when the interaction energy becomes of the order of the bandwidth.
Multi-objective Optimization of Energy-Efficient Multi-stage, Multi-level Assembly Job Shop Scheduling
Authors: Dong Yingqian , Liao Weizhi , Bao Bizhen , Xu Weigang , Xu Guodong
Published: September 2024

The multi-stage, multi-level assembly job shop scheduling problem (MsMlAJSP) is commonly encountered in the manufacturing of complex customized products. Ensuring production efficiency while effectively improving energy utilization is a key focus in the industry. For the energy-efficient MsMlAJSP (EEMsMlAJSP), an improved imperialist competitive algorithm based on Q-learning (IICA-QL) is proposed to minimize the maximum completion time and total energy consumption. In IICA-QL, a decoding strategy with energy-efficient triggers based on problem characteristics is designed to ensure solution quality while effectively enhancing search efficiency. Additionally, an assimilation operation with operator parameter self-adaptation based on Q-learning is devised to overcome the challenge of balancing exploration and exploitation with fixed parameters, thus the convergence and diversity of the algorithmic search is enhanced. Finally, the effectiveness of the energy-efficient strategy decoding trigger mechanism and the operator parameter self-adaptation operation based on Q-learning is demonstrated through experimental results, and the effectiveness of IICA-QL for solving EEMsMlAJSP is verified by comparing with other algorithms.
The Impact of Pandemics on the World Power Axis
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reshaped global power dynamics, impacting economies, political landscapes, international relations, and technological advancements. Historically, pandemics have acted as catalysts for social and economic transformations, and COVID-19 has followed this pattern by intensifying existing trends and creating new opportunities for power shifts. Economically, the pandemic led to unprecedented disruptions, with East Asian countries demonstrating greater resilience and adaptability compared to Western economies. This has resulted in notable economic power shifts, particularly benefiting China, which experienced a swift recovery. Politically, the pandemic exacerbated geopolitical tensions, notably between the United States and China, while also fostering new forms of international cooperation, such as vaccine diplomacy and multilateral health initiatives. Technologically, the pandemic accelerated digital transformation and innovation in biotechnology, with significant advancements in healthcare systems. Socially, it exposed and exacerbated inequalities, prompting discussions on social justice and healthcare reforms. Environmentally, short-term improvements were observed, but the need for sustainable development and green recovery strategies became evident. This article examines these shifts, highlighting the interconnectedness of global challenges and the necessity for coordinated, multilateral responses to build a more equitable and sustainable future.
Generative Artificial Intelligence Trend on Video Generation
Authors: Nyame Lord , Bengesi Staphord
Published: September 2024

This study comprehensively reviews Generative AI and its relationship to video generation, emphasizing video cloning. The study is intended for Geekscode LLC’s strategic development; Geekscode LLC is a new company considering creating video cloning software as its main product. Furthermore, the study seeks to enhance the understanding of researchers in the information technology field and provide information technology professionals with insights into video generation using modern AI tools. This study highlights both the transformative potential and the legal, ethical, and technical challenges of AI-driven video creation. The study examines these key aspects of Video generation, including diffusion models, autoregressive models, input modalities, and Generative Adversarial Networks. This study highlights the significance of interdisciplinary approaches in navigating the area of AI-powered video production and the need to balance innovation and responsible ethical practices.
Curriculum Design and Sim2Real Transfer for Reinforcement Learning in Robotic Dual-Arm Assembly
Authors: Wrede Konstantin , Zarnack Sebastian , Lange Robert , Donath Oliver , Wohlfahrt Tommy , Feldmann Ute
Published: September 2024

Robotic systems are crucial in modern manufacturing. Complex assembly tasks require the collaboration of multiple robots. Their orchestration is challenging due to tight tolerances and precision requirements. In this work we set up two Franka Panda robots performing a peg-in-hole insertion task. We structure the control system hierarchically, planning the robots’s trajectories feedback-based with a central policy trained with reinforcement learning. These trajectories are executed by a low-level impedance controller on each robot. To enhance training convergence, we use reverse curriculum learning incorporating domain randomization, varying initial configurations of the task. After training, we test the system in a simulation, studying the impact of curriculum parameters on emerging process characteristics like process time and variance. Finally, we transfer the trained model to a real-world setup, comparing results with simulation as well as classical path planning and control approaches.
Characterization of Qu-aroma of Medium-High Temperature Daqu from Different Production Areas Using Sensory Evaluation, E-nose, and GC-MS/O Analysis
Authors: Deng Jie , Zheng Jia , Li Xing , Huang Zhiguo , Huang Dan , Ye Guangbin , Luo Huibo
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Qu-aroma is a critical quality indicator for medium-high temperature Daqu (MT-Daqu), significantly influencing the aroma profile of strong-aroma Baijiu (SAB). SAB is produced across various regions in China, each with unique environmental conditions and production techniques. These regional differences are likely to cause variations in the Qu-aroma of MT-Daqu. Despite this, comprehensive research on the variations in Qu-aroma across different regions has been lacking. This study aims to address this gap by utilizing Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry-Mass Spectrometry (GC-O-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose) technology, combined with sensory evaluation, to analyze the differences in Qu-aroma characteristics and volatile compound profiles of MT-Daqu from seven distinct production areas.RESULTS: Sensory analysis identified seven broad aroma categories and 25 specific aromas characterizing the Qu-aroma of MT-Daqu samples. Chen aroma and roasted aroma were notably more prevalent in MT-Daqu samples from Sichuan compared to those from other regions (P < 0.05), while the fermentation aroma was less prominent in Sichuan samples. In total, 123 volatile compounds were detected in MT-Daqu, with 46 classified as aroma-active compounds. Among these, 21 aroma-active compounds were identified as markers distinguishing Sichuan MT-Daqu from those produced in non-Sichuan regions, showing significant differences in their concentrations (P < 0.05). Additionally, six major aroma-active compounds-ethyl isovalerate, ethyl heptanoate, hexanal, 1-nonanal, (E)-2,4-decadienal, and 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine-were found to significantly contribute to the aroma differences between Sichuan and non-Sichuan MT-Daqu.CONCLUSION: This study delineates the distinct Qu-aroma characteristics of MT-Daqu from various SAB production areas and identifies the aroma-active compounds responsible for these differences. The insights gained from this research offer valuable guidance for optimizing flavor profiles in MT-Daqu production, potentially enhancing the overall quality and regional distinctiveness of the product.
Artificial Neural Networks and Ensemble Learning for Enhanced Liquefaction Prediction in Smart Cities
Authors: Cong Yuxin , Inazumi Shinya
Published: September 2024

This paper explores how smart cities can cope with land subsidence and liquefaction in the context of rapid urbanization in Japan. Since the 1960s, liquefaction has become an important topic in geotechnical engineering, and great efforts have been made to evaluate the resistance of soil to liquefaction. There is currently a lack of machine learning applications specifically for smart cities in areas such as geological hazards. This study uses two machine learning techniques, artificial neural networks and ensemble learning, to obtain a prediction model with high performance in predicting the bearing layer depth to improve the accuracy of geo-engineering surveys. The model was developed by analyzing actual survey data from 433 locations in Setegaya, Tokyo, by using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and bagging, respectively. The results show that machine learning has great advantages in predicting the bearing layer depth. In addition, compared with a single model such as artificial neural networks, the prediction performance of ensemble learning can be improved by about 20%. Both interdisciplinary approaches can help predict address risks and thus promote sustainable urban development, highlighting the potential of smart cities in the future.
The Potential Challenges and Limitations of Implementing Modern Office Design Features in Residential Spaces: A SPAR-4-SLR Approach
Authors: Rotimi James Olabode Bamidele , Moshood Taofeeq Durojaye , Rotimi Funmilayo Ebun
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered how people work, with an increasing number transitioning to working-from-home (WFH). This paradigm shift has raised various challenges in adapting living spaces to meet the needs of remote work. Dedicated workspaces or home offices need to be customised for creativity and productivity. Thus, this systematic literature review explores the potential challenges and limitations of implementing modern office design features in residential environments. The study synthesises findings from 108 peer-reviewed articles published within the last decade, focusing on ergonomics, productivity, work-life balance, and spatial constraints. The study found several challenges in translating office design features to home settings. Firstly, spatial limitations in residential areas often restrict the implementation of open-plan layouts and collaborative zones, which are hallmarks of modern office designs. Secondly, the integration of ergonomic furniture and adjustable workstations are limited by budget constraints and the dual-purpose nature of many home spaces. Furthermore, the review highlights the psychological challenges of maintaining work-life boundaries when professional and personal spaces overlap. Noise pollution and distractions emerge as significant factors impacting productivity in home offices, which contrasts controlled modern office environments. The review suggests that the complete replication of modern office design in homes may be impractical, a hybrid approach that adapts key features to residential constraints could enhance home office productivity. Potential solutions could include modular furniture designs, the simulation of collaborative spaces, and the development of noise-cancelling technologies specifically for home environments. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on remote work environments and provides valuable insights for enhancing work-life balance, environmental sustainability, and economic growth.
Flagellar Microswimmer with One-point Actuation: Effects of Non-uniform Mass and Elasticity on Propulsion
Authors: Bolívar-Vivas Moisés , Serrano-Balbontín Andrés Joaquín , Tejado Inés , Vinagre Blas M.
Published: September 2024

Microscale swimmers have to face the dominance of viscous forces over inertial forces, the so-called low Reynolds number (hereafter Re) regime. The undulatory motion of an elastic tail is one of the few possible mechanisms for the self-propulsion of microswimmers in the particular conditions of low Re. Instead of using a complex arrangement of multiple actuators along the body of the swimmer, this work studies the propulsion of a swimming microrobot that is able to generate a non-reciprocal motion by moving a passive elastic tail with non-uniform properties using only a single actuator located at its head. A simulation model is developed in MATLAB to evaluate the effect of different mass and elasticity distributions in the tail on the microrobot propulsion. The results are used to observe the undulating motion of the tail and to optimize the design of the robotic microswimmers in terms of efficiency.
PCB defect detection based on YOLOV8 architecture
Authors: Inyutin A. V. , Lukashevich M. M.
Published: September 2024

The paper discusses the key factors and trends in the design and production of printed circuit boards (PCB), which determine the state of the art of the automatic PCB inspection. To search for and classify defects, it is proposed to use the method of detecting defects in images based on the YOLO family of object detection models. The model was trained on a public set of images of PCB with 6 classes of defects, and the accuracy was assessed using generally accepted metrics. On the test dataset, the average accuracy according to the mAP50 metric is 0.98.
Blocked algorithm of finding all-pairs shortest paths in graphs divided into weakly connected clusters
Authors: Karasik O. N. , Prihozhy A. A.
Published: September 2024

The problem of finding all shortest paths between vertices in a graph (APSP) has real-life applications in planning, communication, economics and many other areas. APSP problem can be solved using various algorithms, starting from Floyd-Warshall’s algorithm and ending with advanced, much faster blocked algorithms like Heterogeneous Blocked All-Pairs Shortest Path Algorithm designed to fully utilize underlying hardware resources and utilize inter-data relationships. In the paper, we propose a novel Blocked all-pairs Shortest Paths algorithm for Clustered Graphs (BSPCG) (in sequential and parallel forms) which utilizes the graph clustering information to significantly reduce the number of calculations by performing shortest paths search only though bridge vertices between clusters. We performed a set of comparing experiments for BSPCG and standard Blocked All-Pairs Shortest Path (BFW) algorithm on four randomly generated graphs of 4800 and 9600 vertices with different cluster configurations to determine the efficiency of calculation of paths passing through bridge vertices. All experiments were executed on a computer with two Intel Xeon E5-2620v4 processors (8 cores, 16 hardware threads and shared 20 MB L3 cache). In all the experiments the novel BSPCG algorithm outperformed the standard BFW algorithm. In single-threaded scenarios, BSPCG outperformed BFW up to 4.6 times on graphs of 4800 vertices and up to 2.7 times on graphs of 9600 vertices. In the multi-threaded scenarios, BSPCG also outperformed BFW up to times on graphs of 4800 vertices and up to 2.7 times on graphs of 9600 vertices. The proposed algorithm can be used in scenarios where clustering information stays intact or slightly modified based on the changes in graph and can be reused for future calculation of all-pairs shortest paths in the graph.
An algorithm and a program for configuring risographic printing, taking into account the printing properties of paper
Authors: Yudenkov V. S. , Sulim P. E.
Published: September 2024

The widespread use of risograph printing in printing houses requires an increase in the speed of equipment while maintaining the printing quality of the original layouts. The problem of risograph printing is not always obtaining high-quality images, since the risographs used in the standard driver (periodic, non-periodic) do not always allow you to get the printed image the same as in the original. This is reflected in the insufficiency of parameters such as image clarity and sharpness. Problems of poor quality of risograph printing can be solved by changing the settings of the risograph driver for the original layout with additional use of digital filtering and image rasterization. This will require the creation of additional image rasterization methods to improve the initial indicators of the original layout in contrast, clarity, and the correctness of the transmission of halftone images and will improve the quality of printed images, as well as ensure the efficiency of the printing process for a wide range of original layouts.
Study of Landscape Connectivity within a Protected Area Landscape – A Case Study in the Indian Himalayan Region
Authors: Tiwari Amrapali , Saran Sameer , Avishek Kirti
Published: September 2024

Understanding and preserving the natural movements of wildlife within their habitats is crucial for their survival. Recent years have underscored the importance of comprehending and safeguarding animal migration and dispersal patterns in wilderness areas, as these behaviors are integral to maintaining ecosystem sustainability. Identifying regions with high movement permeability has become essential for effective habitat management, particularly for species like tigers, which can impact human-animal conflict significantly. Rajaji National Park, situated in Uttarakhand, India, serves as a vital tiger reserve, supporting a significant population of these majestic creatures. This research employs a circuit theory approach to construct a connectivity map of Rajaji National Park, focusing on facilitating the movement of tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) within the protected area. By utilizing circuit theory, this method illuminates areas of heightened connectivity crucial for tiger dispersal, aiding in conservation efforts within the foothills of the Himalayas. The study aims to assess dispersal dynamics within the protected area, pinpointing regions experiencing conservation challenges. The research follows a systematic methodology, beginning with habitat suitability analysis and the generation of a resistance surface. This surface indicates the suitability of various regions for tiger movement, derived from an extensive literature review. Land use and land cover data are utilized to generate the resistance surface, employing tools such as the Gnarly Landscape Utilities toolbox. This surface serves as input data for Circuitscape, alongside the designated start and end points of tiger movement. The results of the analysis identify significant areas crucial from a conservation perspective, highlighting zones requiring immediate attention from policymakers and conservationists. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing wildlife management and conservation strategies, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing the preservation of key habitats and connectivity corridors.
Effect of chronic kidney disease on complications and mortality after fracture surgery
Authors: Lu Bei-Bei , Liu Xu-Rui , Chen Qing-Song , Yuan Xiao-Lin , Luo Qian , Hu Yu-Dong , Liao Xiao-Hui
Published: September 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of CKD on postoperative complications and survival of fractures.
Methods
The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and CNKI databases were searched from inception to May 15, 2024. The search strategy focused on two keywords: dialysis and hip fracture. Pooled odds ratios and mean differences were analyzed. RevMan 5.4 was used for data analysis in this meta-analysis.
Results
This meta-analysis included 19 studies involving 1,615,440 patients. The CKD group had higher proportions of males, smokers, and preoperative comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, chronic lung disease, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, dementia, and wound infection. The CKD group also had a higher likelihood of postoperative myocardial infarction (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.54 to 1.81, P < 0.00001). There was no significant difference in cerebrovascular accidents, liver failure, sepsis, and overall complications between the two groups. Additionally, the CKD group had higher mortality rates at 30 days (OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 2.23 to 3.28, P < 0.00001), 1 year (OR = 3.17, 95% CI = 2.64 to 3.82, P < 0.00001), 2 years (OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 2.88 to 3.25, P < 0.00001), and 10 years (OR = 6.85, 95% CI = 5.84 to 8.03, P < 0.00001) post-surgery compared to the non-CKD group.
Conclusion
Compared to the non-CKD group, patients in the CKD group did not show a significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications after fracture surgery, but their postoperative mortality rate was significantly higher.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Combining High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation with Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing in Pneumonia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study Running head: Effectiveness of Combination of HFCWO and IPPB in Pneumonia
Authors: Chao Ta-Wei , Kao Ya-Chen , Liu Hui-Ling , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Kuo Chin-Wei
Published: September 2024

Background:
Pneumonia represents a significant global health burden with high morbidity and mortality rates, despite advances in therapeutic and preventive strategies. Airway clearance techniques (ACT), including High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (HFCWO) and Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB), are critical in managing respiratory conditions. However, the combined effectiveness of IPPB and HFCWO in treating adult pneumonia remains underexplored.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a college hospital in southern Taiwan, enrolling patients aged ≥ 18 years, admitted for pneumonia from January 2020 to December 2022, who received HFCWO therapy for ≥ 5 days in the ordinary ward. Exclusion criteria included prior mechanical ventilation before HFCWO initiation. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the effectiveness of the combined use of IPPB and HFCWO.
Results:
A total of 271 patients received HFCWO and were enrolled for analysis, including 163 patients who received both IPPB and HFCWO. Patients receiving both IPPB and HFCWO were associated with shortened total hospital stays (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28–0.83, P = 0.008), decreased frequency of sputum suction (OR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.46–5.78, P = 0.002), and reduced oxygen need post-HFCWO (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.91, P = 0.021). However, there was no difference in hospital stay post-HFCWO use, respiratory failure, ICU admission, or hospital death between the groups. Additionally, there was no difference in these outcomes for patients who received HFCWO twice daily compared to those who received it once daily.
Conclusions:
Combining IPPB and HFCWO reduces the need for sputum suction and improves oxygen demand for patients but does not change hospital days, respiratory failure, or mortality. Further large prospective cohort studies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of this management approach.
Unveiling the Psychosocial Impact of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: García Marta Solís , Peláez Adrián , Punter Rosa Mar Gómez , López María Criado , Carbajal Claudia Madrid , Ancochea Julio , Bachiller Jose María Eiros , Hernández Ana Sofía Martín , Rodrigo-García María , Clemente Marta García , Moreno Rosa Mª Girón
Published: September 2024

Background. This study aimed to assess how Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) influences lung function, BMI, sweet test and mental health of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients, emphasizing on depression and anxiety.
Methods. We conducted an observational, prospective, multicentre study including 108 patients over 18 years old who initiated ETI therapy between December 2019 and December 2023. Patients underwent regular evaluations, including clinical, functional, and microbiological assessments, alongside completion of quality of life, anxiety, and depression questionnaires. We evaluated whether there was a difference in anxiety and depression levels over time.
Results. After 12 months of treatment, significant improvements were noted in body mass index (BMI), lung function (FEV1 %), sweat test (ST) and various aspects of quality of life (CFQ-R). However, anxiety and depression levels did not differ significantly during the follow-up. When we stratified our sample by key groups, we observed that younger patients (under 28 years) and those with homozygous Phe508del mutations experienced significant higher anxiety with no differences on depression. Furthermore, anxiety and depression demonstrated a moderate correlation, strengthening over time.
Conclusions. Treatment with ETI establishes significant improvements in lung function, BMI, sweat test and quality of life in patients with CF. However, despite these positive outcomes, there were no significant changes observed in levels of anxiety and depression, except for individuals with homozygous mutation type and those younger than 28 years old, who exhibited significant higher levels of anxiety.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Tolerability and Efficacy of Maribavir vs. Valganciclovir for CMV Prophylaxis in High-Risk Kidney Transplant Recipients: Study Protocol (Maribavir IIR)
Authors: Culpepper Hannah , Overstreet Morgan , Soliman Karim , Casey Michael , Rice Teresa “Tracy” , Lively Kaylie , Scalea Joseph , McGillicuddy John , Patel Neha , Taber David J.
Published: September 2024

Background:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a significant problem in kidney transplantation despite advances in screening, monitoring, therapeutics, and management. Although universal prophylaxis with antiviral therapy has significantly reduced the risk of early CMV infection and disease, late-onset CMV is still common and can be difficult to clinically manage in high-risk patients. A recent systematic review showed that with antiviral prophylaxis, early CMV infection occurred in only 6% of kidney recipients and late infection occurred in more than one in six patients. 4
The two antiviral prophylaxis medications this study is comparing, valganciclovir (VGC) and maribavir, are highly effective at preventing CMV infection. In studies using valganciclovir, the reported occurrence of leukopenia is 20 - 40% and neutropenia is 10 - 30%6-12. In studies using maribavir, the reported occurrence of neutropenia was 4 - 5% versus 15 - 18% in valganciclovir patients. With appropriate dosing, maribavir appears to have similar efficacy to valganciclovir in treating current and preventing future CMV infection with a significantly reduced rate of neutropenia.
Methods:
Maribavir IIR is a 12-month, single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial enrolling 70 patients (35 in each arm) examining the difference in preventing CMV infection while specifically assessing the tolerability of the two antiviral prophylactic medications. The trial is currently in the follow-up phase, with the first patient enrolled in November 2023, and enrollment concluding in June 2024.
Discussion:
The primary objective of this study is to assess the tolerability of maribavir versus valganciclovir (VGC) prophylaxis in adult kidney transplant recipients at high-risk of CMV infection (D+/R- or thymo use if R+). This was done by assessing the incidence of leukopenia in the two arms, the occurrence of CMV infection despite prophylaxis, the impact of these medications on healthcare utilization and costs, and any outcome differences associated with race and sex. In this preliminary report, we describe the study design, methods, aims, and outcome measures that will be utilized in the ongoing Maribavir IIR clinical trial.
Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06034925: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06034925
Introduction: Impact of Early Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery on Maxillary Growth in 5- and 10-Year-Old Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Novakova Magda , Brysova Alena , Vokurkova Jitka , Marcian Petr , Borak Libor , Koskova Olga
Published: September 2024

Objectives: This study evaluated maxillary growth and dental arch relationships in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) at 5 and 10 years of age.
Methods: 28 patients with UCLP who underwent cleft lip surgery in neonatal age and cleft palate surgery at average age of 7 months without orthodontic treatment (intervention group) were measured for intercanine and intermolar distances and for dental arch length. These measurements were compared with those of 30 healthy participants in a control group. Dental arch relationships in the intervention group were evaluated by 5-YO index at 5 years and the GOSLON Yardstick score at 10 years of patients’ age.
Results: Patients in the intervention group had significantly shorter mean intercanine distance and arch length than control patients at both 5 and 10 years of age (p<.001 for all). There were no significant differences in intermolar distance at both 5 (p=.945) and 10 years (p=.105) of patients’ age. The average 5YO index increased from 2.46 to an average GOSLON 10-year score of 2.89 in intervention group.
Conclusion: Intercanine distance and dental arch length of patients with UCLP are significantly reduced at 5 and 10 years after early cleft lip and palate surgeries compared to the healthy population. Dental arch relationships at 5 and 10 years of patients with UCLP show comparable outcomes to those reported by other cleft centers.
Clinical significance: This study supports the hypothesis that early cleft lip and palate surgeries do not negatively impact maxillary growth compared to later surgery.
The Impact of the Online Social Support on the Psychological Security: Mediation of Online Social Self-Efficacy
Authors: Guo Wanran , Wang Shizhuang , Li Muchen , Tao Mengxin
Published: September 2024

The rapid development of the Internet has gradually changed our lives and further affected interpersonal and social relations. Social support and social self-efficacy also gradually affect people's lives and individual psychology through the Internet. This paper studies the relationship among online social support, online social self-efficacy and psychological security. This study took 385 college students as participants to explore the influence of online social support on psychological security under the mediation of online social self-efficacy. We found that college students' online social support, psychological security and online social self-efficacy have significant positive correlation. Through regression and intermediary analysis, it is found that college students' online social support has a positive predictive effect on online social self-efficacy and psychological security, college students' online social self-efficacy has a positive predictive effect on psychological security, and college students' online social self-efficacy plays a complete intermediary role between online social support and psychological security.
A Service Ecosystems perspective to explore Social Prescribing value co-creation for vulnerable young people in NEET situation
Authors: Farina Isabel , Sangiorgi Daniela , Masella Cristina , Simonelli Ilaria , Alves Regina , Marques Maria J. , Dias Sonia , Dantas Carina , Herzog Sabrina , Paternoster Sara , Torri Emanuele , Bertotti Marcello
Published: September 2024

Background
Social prescribing inherently embodies a co-productive nature, particularly within the 'holistic' model, facilitated by the pivotal role of Link Workers. Most of the attention is focused on collecting evidence about the micro-level relationship between Link Workers and their clients. However, little is known about how this co-productive relationship influences or is influenced by value co-creation at different levels, given the involvement of multiple actors in delivering the intervention. To advance research on the operational processes underlying social prescribing, we propose a conceptual framework utilizing the Service Ecosystems perspective investigating the application of Social Prescribing with young people in NEET situation in Italy.
Methods
We conducted a single case study as part of the European C.O.P.E. - Capabilities, Opportunities, Places, and Engagement – initiative, examining the implementation of social prescribing targeting young NEETs (Not in Education, Employment or Training) in Italy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 27 participants including 6 members of the C.O.P.E. coordination team, 6 link workers and 15 young people aged 15–34 years old.
Results
Main findings are presented showing the ecosystem dynamic at each phase of the intervention: the referral process; co-production of an individualised action plan; connection and activation of community assets.
Discussion
The research shows how Social Prescribing is not a linear path but rather a complex intervention with multiple interacting elements across ecosystems layers. The dyadic relationship between Link Workers and their clients is not an isolated process and Social Prescribing works along care services to support continuity of care. The service ecosystem perspective is a valuable frame to investigate the dynamic interactions between actors and how their resource integrating process and institutional arrangements foster the emergence of opportunities previously unrecognised to support an invisible and hard to reach target group as the young people in a NEET situation.
vivoBodySeg: Machine learning-based analysis of C. elegans immobilized in vivoChip for automated developmental toxicity testing
Authors: DuPlissis Andrew , Medewar Abhishri , Hegarty Evan , Laing Adam , Shen Amber , Gomez Sebastian , Mondal Sudip , Ben-Yakar Adela
Published: September 2024

Developmental toxicity (DevTox) tests evaluate the adverse effects of chemical exposures on an organism's development. While large animal tests are currently heavily relied on, the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) is encouraging industries and regulatory agencies to evaluate these novel assays. Several practical advantages have made C. elegans a useful model for rapid toxicity testing and studying developmental biology. Although the potential to study DevTox is promising, current low-resolution and labor-intensive methodologies prohibit the use of C. elegans for sub-lethal DevTox studies at high throughputs. With the recent availability of a large-scale microfluidic device, vivoChip, we can now rapidly collect 3D high-resolution images of ~ 1,000 C. elegans from 24 different populations. In this paper, we demonstrate DevTox studies using a 2.5D U-Net architecture (vivoBodySeg) that can precisely segment C. elegans in images obtained from vivoChip devices, achieving an average Dice score of 97.80. The fully automated platform can analyze 36 GB data from each device to phenotype multiple body parameters within 35 min on a desktop PC at speeds ~ 140× faster than the manual analysis. Highly reproducible DevTox parameters (4–8% CV) and additional autofluorescence-based phenotypes allow us to assess the toxicity of chemicals with high statistical power.
The Impact of Post-Craniotomy Subdural Effusion in Pediatric Brain Tumors
Authors: Nien Ju-En , Lin Tzu-Chin , Wang Yi-Lun , Chang Tsung-Yen , Chen Shih-Hsiang , Wu Chieh-Tsai , Jaing Tang-Her
Published: September 2024

Purpose
Over recent decades, survival rates in pediatric brain tumors (PBT) have been significantly improved due to technological advancements in surgical approaches and intensified chemotherapy. Although disease relapse rates have been reduced, these treatments still come with unavoidable complications. Subdural effusion (SDE) is a significant complication that can occur after craniotomy, with its incidence depending on the surgical approach and potentially affecting the prognosis of the disease. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of post-craniotomy SDE on survival outcomes in patients with PBT.
Methods
Our study utilized a retrospective chart review to examine children diagnosed with PBT at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between January 2013 and December 2023. Survival benefits were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, while differences in continuous variables were examined using Student's t-tests. The statistical analyses were conducted using GraphPad Prism version 9.0 software.
Results
The study included 178 children diagnosed with PBT, and their progress was tracked for a median duration of 3.8 years (IQR 1.6–7.0). The diagnoses consisted of a variety of brain tumors. The incidence of post-craniotomy SDE was 21.3%. The majority of cases (66%) were managed through observation, while surgical intervention was necessary for 34% of cases. The study found that the presence of SDE was associated with slightly lower survival rates (18.4% vs. 15.0%) and slightly higher disease relapse rates (44.7% vs. 35.7%), although these differences did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusion
SDE is still a frequent complication that occurs after craniotomy in PBT patients. The presence of SDE can have a negative impact on both survival rates and the likelihood of disease relapse in PBT.
Significance of additional pulmonary blood flow between second and third stage in Fontan pathway
Authors: Januszewska Katarzyna , Nawrocki Pawel , Bruenen Andreas , Schnabel Alexander , Malec Edward
Published: September 2024

Background
The benefit of additional pulmonary blood flow (APBF) in Fontan pathway remains controversial. The aim of the study was to analyze the systemic arterial saturation, ventricular and atrioventricular (AV) valve function, development of pulmonary arteries and postoperative course after Fontan operation in children with preserved or eliminated APBF between stages 2 and 3 of the Fontan pathway.
Methods
A group of 180 consecutive children (median age: 2.92(1.83–16.83) years) with single ventricle underwent extracardiac conduit Fontan operation. The patients were retrospectively analyzed with respect to the presence of APBF between stages 2 and 3.
Results
Preoperative echocardiography showed no differences in ventricular function (good – 105[95%] vs. 65[98.5%]; reduced – 9[5%] vs 1[1.5%]; p = 0.07) or AV valve function (p = 0.78). There was no difference in oxygen saturation at admission (p = 0.48), in preoperative blood gas analysis (p = 0.62), or at the discharge (p = 0.73). There was no difference in size of the left pulmonary artery (9.5(0-16.2) vs 10.6 (4.9–21.7) mm; p = 0.13), however the right pulmonary artery was significantly larger (11.2(6.5–19.6) vs. 12.8(7.8–2.5) mm; p = 0.048) in APBF group. In this group the mean pressure in the pulmonary artery was significantly higher as well (8[4-17.5] vs 9.5[4-17.33] mmHg; p = 0.03).
Conclusions
APBF does not result in higher oxygen saturation, both before and after Fontan completion. APBF can stimulate the growth of the pulmonary arteries and increase the pulmonary artery pressure. The presence of APBF does not affect the post-operative course after Fontan operation, however it can increase the need of AV valve reconstruction in the longer follow-up.