bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profiling Hospital Performance Based on Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Elbaz-Greener Gabby , Qiu Feng , Masih Shannon , Fang Jiming , Austin Peter C. , Cantor Warren J. , Dvir Danny , Asgar Anita W. , Webb John G. , Ko Dennis T. , Wijeysundera Harindra C.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Public reporting of hospital-level outcomes is increasingly common as a means to target quality improvement strategies to ensure the delivery of optimal care. Despite the rapid dissemination of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), there is a paucity of reliable case-mix adjustment models for hospital profiling in TAVR. Our objective was to develop and evaluate different models for calculating risk-standardized all-cause mortality rates (RSMRs) post-TAVR.

Methods and Results:

In this population-based study in Ontario, Canada, we identified all patients who underwent a TAVR procedure between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2016. For each hospital, we calculated 30-day and 1-year RSMR, using 2-level hierarchical logistic regression models that accounted for patient-specific demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the clustering of patients within the same hospital using a hospital-specific random effects. We classified each hospital into one of 3 groups: performing worse than expected, better than expected, or performing as expected, based on whether the 95% CI of the RSMR was above, below, or included the provincial average mortality rate, respectively. Our cohort consisted of 2129 TAVR procedures performed at 10 hospitals. The observed mortality was 7.0% at 30 days and 16.4% at 1 year, with a range of 4% to 10% and 8% to 22%, respectively, across hospitals. We developed case-mix adjustment models using 28 clinically relevant variables. Using 30-day and 1-year RSMR to profile each hospital, we found that all hospitals performed as expected, with 95% CI that included the provincial average.

Conclusions:

We found no significant interhospital variation in RSMR among hospitals, suggesting that quality improvement efforts should be directed at aspects other than the variation in observed mortality.
A Decade of Improvement in Door-to-Needle Time Among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients, 2008 to 2017
Authors: Tong Xin , Wiltz Jennifer L. , George Mary G. , Odom Erika C. , Coleman King Sallyann M. , Chang Tiffany , Yin Xiaoping ,   Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program team, Merritt Robert K.
Published: December 2018

Background:

The clinical benefit of intravenous (IV) alteplase in acute ischemic stroke is time dependent. We assessed the overall temporal changes in door-to-needle (DTN) time and examine the factors associated with DTN time ≤60 and ≤45 minutes.

Methods and Results:

A total of 496 336 acute ischemic stroke admissions were identified in the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program from 2008 to 2017. We used generalized estimating equations models to examine the factors associated with DTN time ≤60 and ≤45 minutes, and calculated adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI. Between 2008 and 2017, the percentage of acute ischemic stroke patients who received IV alteplase including those transferred, increased from 6.4% to 15.3%. After excluding those who received IV alteplase at an outside hospital, a total of 39 737 (8%) acute ischemic stroke patients received IV alteplase within 4.5 hours of the time the patient last known to be well. Significant increases were seen in DTN time ≤60 minutes (26.4% in 2008 to 66.2% in 2017,
P
<0.001), as well as DTN time ≤45 minutes (10.7% in 2008 to 40.5% in 2017,
P
<0.001). Patients aged 55 to 84 years were more likely to receive IV alteplase within 60 minutes, while those aged 55 to 74 years were more likely to receive IV alteplase within 45 minutes, as compared with those aged 18 to 54 years. Arrival by emergency medical service, and patients with severe stroke were more likely to receive IV alteplase within 60 and 45 minutes. Conversely, women, black patients as compared with white, and patients with a medical history of diseases associated with stroke were less likely to receive DTN time ≤60 or 45 minutes.

Conclusions:

Rapid improvements in DTN time were observed in the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program; however, opportunities to reduce disparities remain.
Cardiac Sca-1
+
Cells Are Not Intrinsic Stem Cells for Myocardial Development, Renewal, and Repair
Authors: Zhang Lu , Sultana Nishat , Yan Jianyun , Yang Fan , Chen Fuxue , Chepurko Elena , Yang Feng-Chun , Du Qinghua , Zangi Lior , Xu Mingjiang , Bu Lei , Cai Chen-Leng
Published: December 2018

Background:

For more than a decade, Sca-1
+
cells within the mouse heart have been widely recognized as a stem cell population with multipotency that can give rise to cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells in vitro and after cardiac grafting. However, the developmental origin and authentic nature of these cells remain elusive.

Methods:

Here, we used a series of high-fidelity genetic mouse models to characterize the identity and regenerative potential of cardiac resident Sca-1
+
cells.

Results:

With these novel genetic tools, we found that Sca-1 does not label cardiac precursor cells during early embryonic heart formation. Postnatal cardiac resident Sca-1
+
cells are in fact a pure endothelial cell population. They retain endothelial properties and exhibit minimal cardiomyogenic potential during development, normal aging and upon ischemic injury.

Conclusions:

Our study provides definitive insights into the nature of cardiac resident Sca-1
+
cells. The observations challenge the current dogma that cardiac resident Sca-1
+
cells are intrinsic stem cells for myocardial development, renewal, and repair, and suggest that the mechanisms of transplanted Sca-1
+
cells in heart repair need to be reassessed.
Effects of Liraglutide Versus Placebo on Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mann Johannes F. E. , Fonseca Vivian , Mosenzon Ofri , Raz Itamar , Goldman Bryan , Idorn Thomas , von Scholten Bernt Johan , Poulter Neil R. ,   The LEADER Publication Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators
Published: December 2018

Background:

LEADER trial (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of CV Outcome Results) results demonstrated cardiovascular benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high cardiovascular risk on standard of care randomized to liraglutide versus placebo. The effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease is unknown. Liraglutide’s treatment effects in patients with and without kidney disease were analyzed post hoc.

Methods:

Patients were randomized (1:1) to liraglutide or placebo, both in addition to standard of care. These analyses assessed outcomes stratified by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; <60 versus ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m
2
) and baseline albuminuria. The primary outcome (composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke) and secondary outcomes, including all-cause mortality and individual components of the primary composite outcome, were analyzed using Cox regression.

Results:

Overall, 2158 and 7182 patients had baseline eGFR <60 or ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m
2
, respectively. In patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m
2
, risk reduction for the primary composite cardiovascular outcome with liraglutide was greater (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57–0.85) versus those with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m
2
(HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83–1.07; interaction
P
=0.01). There was no consistent effect modification with liraglutide across finer eGFR subgroups (interaction
P
=0.13) and when analyzing eGFR as a continuous variable (interaction
P
=0.61). Risk reductions in those with eGFR <60 versus ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m
2
were as follows: for nonfatal myocardial infarction, HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55–0.99 versus HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.77–1.13; for nonfatal stroke, HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33–0.80 versus HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.84–1.37; for cardiovascular death, HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50–0.90 versus HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.67–1.05; for all-cause mortality, HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60–0.92 versus HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.75–1.07. Risk reduction for the primary composite cardiovascular outcome was not different for those with versus without baseline albuminuria (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71–0.97; and HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.79–1.07, respectively; interaction
P
=0.36).

Conclusions:

Liraglutide added to standard of care reduced the risk for major cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. These results appear to apply across the chronic kidney disease spectrum enrolled.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier: NCT01179048.
Extreme Cold Wave over East Asia in January 2016: A Possible Response to the Larger Internal Atmospheric Variability Induced by Arctic Warming
Authors: Ma Shuangmei , Zhu Congwen
Published: December 2018

It is argued that anthropogenic global warming may decrease the global occurrence of cold waves. However, a historical record-extreme cold wave, popularly called the “boss level” cold wave, attacked East Asia in January 2016, which gives rise to the discussion of why this boss-level cold wave occurred during the winter with the warmest recorded global mean surface air temperature (SAT). To explore the impacts of human-induced global warming and natural internal atmosphere variability, we investigated the cold-wave-related circulation regime (i.e., the large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern) and compared the observation with the large ensemble simulations of the MIROC5 model. Our results showed that this East Asian extreme cold-wave-related atmospheric circulation regime mainly exhibited an extremely strong anomaly of the Ural blocking high (UBH) and a record-breaking anomaly of the surface Siberian high (SH), and it largely originated from the natural internal atmosphere variability. However, because of the dynamic effect of Arctic amplification, anthropogenic global warming may increase the likelihood of extreme cold waves through shifting the responsible natural atmospheric circulation regime toward a stronger amplitude. The probability of occurrence of extreme anomalies of UBH, SH, and the East Asia area mean SAT have been increased by 58%, 57%, and 32%, respectively, as a consequence of anthropogenic global warming. Therefore, extreme cold waves in East Asia, such as the one in January 2016, may be an enhanced response to the larger internal atmospheric variability modulated by human-induced global warming.
Native American Colorism: From Historical Manifestations to the Current Era
Authors: Brown Donna , Branden Karen , Hall Ronald E.
Published: December 2018

Following conquest by European settlers Native Americans internalized Euro-American traditions and ideals. Salient among such ideals was the internalization of a bias as pertains to skin color defined as colorism. Colorism is a quasi-manifestation of racism carried out by victim-group populations. Subsequently, light skin was idealized and dark skin denigrated. Initially the idealization of light skin was dramatically displayed in the school setting. Internal confrontations between Cherokee tribal members were frequent. In the modern era, per confrontations such idealization is exacerbated by the complexity of tribal membership. Said complexity is acted out where those of Euro-American (light-skinned) mixed blood are more favored compared with those of African American (dark-skinned) mixed blood. The accountability of the Euro-American influenced relative to the aforementioned confrontations must be addressed in the quest for resolution.
Intralesional Cidofovir for Treatment of Acyclovir-Resistant Laryngeal Herpes Manifesting as Supraglottic Mass
Authors: Yang Charles Q. , Mathur Anisha , Kumar Princy N. , Dhillon Vaninder K.
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Laryngopharyngeal herpes simplex virus infection is rare and presents typically in the supraglottis. Findings on presentation can range from small mucosal lesions to fungating obstructive masses mimicking neoplasm. Laryngopharyngeal herpes is a medically treated disease.

Objectives:

Identify potential treatment in cases that are refractory to antiviral medications.

Methods:

Individual case with treatment adapted from other case report.

Case Presentation:

We report a case of bulky, obstructive supraglottic and glottic herpes virus laryngitis that presented with dysphonia, dysphagia, and airway complaints resistant to acyclovir analogues that was treated effectively with intralesional cidofovir injection.

Conclusions:

Our promising initial response suggests a potential novel treatment for this unusual condition.
Configuring the Last-Mile in Business-to-Consumer E-Retailing
Authors: Lim Stanley Frederick W. T. , Winkenbach Matthias
Published: December 2018

Fulfillment strategies that offer consumers a consistent shopping experience across different channels and devices through a variety of last-mile delivery options have emerged as a powerful engine for growth in the retail sector. To thrive in this new environment, retailers need to (re)configure their last-mile supply networks to achieve better alignment between delivery responsiveness, product variety, and convenience. This article reviews multiple case studies of leading retailers across geographical regions, maps these retailers’ network configurations, and conducts consumer surveys to examine how retailers operate their last-mile distribution to cope with omnichannel demands. This study develops a typology consisting of four ideal forms of last-mile supply networks differentiated by the speed of delivery responsiveness and level of product variety. It proposes a set of prescriptive guidelines for retailers to undertake reconfiguration of their last-mile distribution.
Disease on trial: Medical risk and molecular responsibility in HIV exposure and disclosure jury trials (1994–2015)
Authors: Herrero Sáenz Rebeca , Hoppe Trevor
Published: December 2018

More than 30 years have passed since the first HIV-specific criminal laws were enacted, generally making it a crime for people living with HIV to have sex with another person without disclosing their HIV-status. This study examines the tensions between medicine and criminal justice discourses in the application of laws governing a once terminal disease that medicine has transformed, over the past three decades, into a manageable condition. Has medical progress affected courtroom discussion? To answer this question, the authors analyze court transcripts from nine criminal HIV nondisclosure jury trials between 1994 and 2015 in Michigan, Tennessee, and Missouri. The analysis focuses on how shifting medical discourses of risk influence the way prosecutors and counsels construct notions of individual responsibility and, thus, culpability for HIV exposure. The authors argue that antiretroviral therapy and sophisticated clinical testing technologies have led to increasingly medicalized notions of criminal responsibility that they term ‘molecular responsibility.’ Over time, arguments over the defendant’s responsibility shift from the realm of morality to incorporate the defendant’s capacity and willingness to medically control the microbiological dimension of their condition.
Controlling intimacy: Sexual scripts among men and women in prostitution
Authors: Järvinen Margaretha , Henriksen Theresa Dyrvig
Published: December 2018

Inspired by sexual scripting theory, this article analyses intimacy and control in prostitution. The authors identify two strategies for maintaining control among male and female sex sellers. The first strategy is to restrict prostitution to relationships with as much sexual reciprocity as possible. The other is to maintain sexual/emotional distance from customers – yet often acting the opposite. The article questions prevailing stereotypes about male sex sellers being more agentic and autonomous than female sex sellers, arguing that control in prostitution can be achieved (and lost) in different ways. The analysis shows how scripting theory – with its differentiation between the cultural, interpersonal and intrapsychic levels of scripting – may be used to understand variations and contradictions in prostitution experiences. The article is based on 36 qualitative interviews with men and women in escort services, clinic prostitution and prostitution in private apartments in Denmark.
Improving Student Learning Outcomes through Community-based Research: The Poverty Workshop
Authors: Mayer Brian , Blume Amelia , Black Candace , Stevens Sally
Published: December 2018

Engaged learning extends education outside of the formal classroom through internships, experiential learning, and community- or service-based learning. To better understand the potential of engaged learning in improving student learning outcomes and encouraging students to pursue STEM-based careers, we describe the development of a community-based research experience related to poverty and report on improvements in students’ self-reported competencies in generalized self-efficacy, research skills, and science motivation. We compare these outcomes to those of students in a traditional sociology methods class to determine whether the engaged learning experience improves learning outcomes. Our findings indicate that students in the engaged learning course report higher generalized self-efficacy and research skills compared to students in the traditional methods course. Based on these findings, we propose a set of strategies for other colleges and universities to integrate engaged learning courses into their curriculum.
Professor–Student Rapport and Perceived Autonomy Support as Predictors of Course and Student Outcomes
Authors: Demir Melikşah , Burton Shelby , Dunbar Nora
Published: December 2018

Two robust predictors of student success, rapport, and autonomy support were assessed to determine which had a greater impact on course and student outcomes. Survey responses from undergraduate psychology students ( n = 412) were collected. Together, rapport and autonomy support explained substantial variance in professor effectiveness ( R2 = .72), perception of the course ( R2 = .49), and perceived amount learned ( R2 = .27). However, rapport accounted for more unique variance than autonomy support. To a lesser degree, these predictors explained variability in expected ( R2 = .07) and actual ( R2 = .04) final grade, and absences ( R2 = .04). Autonomy support was the only significant predictor of grades. Providing professional development opportunities to professors to enhance rapport and autonomy support may improve student success.
Factors That Motivate and Challenge Psychology Majors’ Pursuit of Academic Good Work
Authors: Duncan Mary Katherine , Johnson Jennifer Adrienne
Published: December 2018

Gardner, Csikszentmihalyi, and Damon defined good work as excellent, ethical, and engaged. In two studies, we explored factors that motivate and challenge undergraduate psychology majors’ pursuit of academic good work ( N = 100; Mage = 21.7; mostly female, Caucasian, and seniors). We found that excellent academic work was motivated by short- and long-term goals but challenged by personal habits, demanding/uninteresting coursework, and competing obligations. Ethical academic work was motivated by short-term goals and internal principles but challenged by not knowing the rules, willingness to cut corners, and negative peer influences. Engaged academic work was motivated by short-term goals, dedicated faculty, and thought-provoking courses but challenged by demanding/uninteresting coursework. We discuss how our findings align with American Psychological Association’s guidelines for the undergraduate psychology major and suggest high-impact practices and discipline-specific resources aimed at cultivating good workers.
A Classroom Activity for Teaching Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Authors: Carmichael Cheryl L. , Schwartz Anna M. , Coyle Maureen A. , Goldberg Matthew H.
Published: December 2018

In two studies, we demonstrate an engaging classroom activity that facilitates student learning about Kohlberg’s theory of moral development by using digital resources to foster active, experiential learning. In addition to hearing a standard lecture about moral development, students watched a video of a morally provocative incident, then worked in small groups to classify user comments posted in response to the video according to Kohlberg’s six stages. Students in both studies found the activity enjoyable and useful. Moreover, students’ scores on a moral development quiz improved after completing the activity (Study 1), and students who completed the activity in addition to receiving a lecture performed better on the quiz than students who received lecture alone (Study 2).
Management of Children With Diabetes in the School Setting
Authors:   American Association of Diabetes Educators
Published: December 2018

Diabetes educators are well positioned to help optimize care of the student with diabetes within the school setting.
Moral Identity Complexity: Situated Morality Within and Across Work and Social Roles
Authors: Hannah Sean T. , Thompson Ronald L. , Herbst Kenneth C.
Published: December 2018

Moral identity, how individuals define themselves relative to various moral attributes, is an important factor in the regulation of moral thought and behavior in organizations. We advance both the conceptualization and operationalization of moral identity through considering the complexity of its content and structure. We do so through integrating self-complexity theory to establish a deeper understanding of how individuals both define themselves as moral beings and structure moral attributes within their self-concepts across various roles (e.g., co-worker, son/daughter, etc.). To date, moral identity has been conceptualized as a global unitary construct. Across five samples, we find that it is dimensional (having dimensions of Benevolence, Justice, Obligation, and Integrity) and that individuals construe themselves relative to each dimension differently across sub-identities/roles. We then assess the effects of this expanded construct across two samples and find that using the complex structure of moral identity, we can predict situated ethical intentions and deviance within and across roles. Further, a within-participants experiment using an additional sample demonstrates that when priming a focal role, the unique moral identity content constituting that role provides predominant influence on corresponding ethical choices.
Detecting the Media-adventitia Border in Intravascular Ultrasound Images through a Classification-based Approach
Authors: Wang Yuan-yuan , Qiu Chen-hui , Jiang Jun , Xia Shun-ren
Published: December 2018

The detection of the media-adventitia (MA) border in intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images is essential for vessel assessment and disease diagnosis. However, it remains a challenging task, considering the existence of plaque, calcification, and various artifacts. In this article, an effective method based on classification is proposed to extract the MA border in IVUS images. First, a novel morphologic feature describing the relative position of each structure relative to the MA border, called RPES for short, is proposed. Then, the RPES feature and other features are employed in a multiclass extreme learning machine (ELM) to classify IVUS images into nine classes including the MA border and other structures. At last, a modified snake model is employed to effectively detect the MA border in the rectangular domain, in which a modified external force field is constructed on the basis of local border appearances and classification results. The proposed method is evaluated on a public dataset with 77 IVUS images by three indicators in eight situations, such as calcification and a guide wire artifact. With the proposed RPES feature, detection performances are improved by more than 39 percent, which shows an apparent advantage in comparative experiments. Furthermore, compared with two other existing methods used on the same dataset, the proposed method achieves 18 of the best indicators among 24, demonstrating its higher capability in detecting the MA border.
“Your Neighbors Walk Alone (YNWA)”: Urban Regeneration and the Predicament of Being Local Fans in the Commercialized English Football League
Authors: Putra Linggar Rama Dian
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on the changing nature of English football and the shifting relationship between a club and its supporters in the latest era of football commercialization, taking Liverpool Football Club (FC) and its surrounding community in Anfield, Liverpool, England, as an example. The changing nature of English football since the 1990s has forced Liverpool FC to treat its social environment from a commercial perspective. Recently, this trend has been aggravated by Liverpool FC’s land-speculation policy, which is embedded in an urban regeneration policy to take over land in adjacent areas to expand the Anfield Stadium for specifically commercial purposes, escalating tension with local people. This land-use conflict between the local community of Anfield and Liverpool FC has raised the ultimate question of the extent to which the local supporters will remain loyal to the club they support. Drawing on ethnographic research in Anfield, Liverpool, this article looks at the intersection between the urban regeneration policy in Liverpool and the changing nature of English football, which has placed Liverpool FC in a situation of competing with the local fans for urban space, stretching local supporters’ loyalty to the club they support. The result shows that it is the club that has introduced the shift in the meaning of loyalty, tailored to the recent situation in English football. The commercialization of Liverpool FC and its land-speculation policy have produced shock-subjectivities influencing local people’s perception of and practices toward Liverpool FC, suggesting the knife-edge dilemma of being a local fan.
From Kingdoms to Transregional States: Exploring the Dynamics of State Formation in Pre-modern Odisha
Authors: Sahu Bhairabi Prasad
Published: December 2018

In what is today known as Odisha and in its adjoining areas, the closing centuries of the first millennium ce and beyond were marked by the shift from usual kingdoms to larger and more complex state systems, spread over several subregions/regions ( maṇḍalas). The socio-economic and cultural processes—ranging from agrarian growth and the rise of markets, merchants and towns to the shaping of a region-specific caste system and vernacular language and literature—which sustained these political developments and the new requirements such as the elaboration in the structure of administration and legitimation constitute the subject matter of this article. The transregional states under discussion are somewhat comparable with imperial formations insofar as they were conquest states and perpetuated unevenness and differences between spaces, peoples and cultures across the constituent spatial segments. However, in terms of their territorial dimensions and resources, they fell short of the empires and therefore may be seen to be located between the usual kingdoms and celebrated empires.
Effectiveness of custom-made foot orthoses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Reina-Bueno María , Vázquez-Bautista María del Carmen , Pérez-García Sergio , Rosende-Bautista Carolina , Sáez-Díaz Antonia , Munuera-Martínez Pedro V
Published: December 2018

Objective:

To determine the effect of custom-made foot orthoses versus placebo insoles on pain, disability, foot functionality, and quality of life.

Design:

Double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

University Podiatric Clinical Area.

Subjects:

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Interventions:

Patients were randomly assigned to either group A, which received custom-made foot orthoses, or group B, which received placebo, flat cushioning insoles, for three months.

Main measures:

The primary outcome was foot pain, measured by visual analog scale. Foot functionality, foot-related disability, and quality of life were measured using the Foot Function Index, the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index, and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) questionnaires, respectively, at the beginning and at days 30, 60, and 90.

Results:

A total of 53 patients, aged 59.21 ± 11.38 years, received either the custom-made foot orthoses ( N = 28) or the placebo ( N = 25). For the analysis of the data, only participants who had been measured at the four time points (0, 30, 60, and 90 days) were included. In group A, all variables showed statistically significant differences when comparing the initial and final measurements. Pain showed 6.61 ± 2.33 and 4.11 ± 2.66 in group A, at baseline and at 90 days, respectively, and Group B showed 6.16 ± 1.77 and 5.60 ± 2.71 at baseline and at 90 days, respectively. This was the only variable that showed statistically significant difference between groups ( P = 0.048).

Conclusion:

The custom-made foot orthoses significantly reduced the participants’ foot pain, although they did not have positive effects on disability, foot functionality, and quality of life compared with only cushioning.
Treatment of tumor-like lesions in the femoral neck using free nonvascularized fibular autografts in pediatric patients before epiphyseal closure
Authors: Luo Shanchao , Jiang Tongmeng , Yang Xiaoping , Yang Yingnian , Zhao Jinmin
Published: December 2018

Objectives

Surgical resection of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions at the femoral neck presents a difficult reconstructive challenge. However, the safety and efficacy of free nonvascularized fibular autografts (FNFAs) in the treatment of femoral neck tumor-like lesions before epiphyseal closure in young patients remain unknown.

Methods

Sixteen pediatric patients who had not yet undergone epiphyseal closure were treated with FNFAs after resection of tumor-like lesions in the femoral neck from August 2012 to September 2016. All patients underwent supplementary skeletal traction through the supracondylar femur for 4 to 6 weeks after resection. Demographic data were recorded and clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated during the follow-up.

Results

All patients could walk with partial weight bearing 4 weeks postoperative, and full weight bearing was permitted after a mean of 8 weeks. Graft union was attained in all 16 patients at a mean of 2 months. The donor site of the fibular cortical strut showed good regeneration in all patients. The Harris hip score significantly improved from 65% to 95%.

Conclusions

Application of an FNFA is a feasible method in the treatment of tumor-like lesions in the femoral neck before epiphyseal closure in pediatric patients.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Transient power elevation during iron dextran infusion in a patient with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device
Authors: Alvarez Paulino A , Byram Nicole , Williams J Brad , Jacob Miriam , Kreiss Marinela , Fukamachi Kiyotaka , Moazami Nader
Published: December 2018

Anemia is common in patients with mechanical circulatory support and is associated with increased morbidity. Repletion using parenteral iron infusions has been proven to be beneficial in patients with heart failure. In this report, we describe a case of increased power and flows of continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) during an iron dextran infusion. We subsequently studied the effects of iron dextran infusion in an in vitro LVAD mock circulatory loop. The observed increase in flow and power was most likely due to drug–patient interaction rather than drug–LVAD interaction. Mock loops and in vivo animal models may be necessary for proactive evaluation of the safety of intravenous (IV) preparations in this patient population.
Review on the methodologies adopted to minimize the material damages in drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites
Authors: John KM , Kumaran S Thirumalai , Kurniawan Rendi , Moon Park Ki , Byeon JH
Published: December 2018

The applications of carbon fiber reinforced plastic materials have increased widely in the fields of aerospace, automotive, maritime, and sports equipment because of their excellent mechanical properties. Machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastics has a considerably more complex effect on drilling qualities than machining of conventional metals and their alloys due to the nonlinear, inhomogeneous, and abrasive nature of CFRPs. This article addresses the methodologies that have been adopted to minimize the material damages in drilling of polymeric composite materials. Key papers are reviewed with respect to tool types, materials, geometry and coatings, back-up plate, coolants, environment, unconventional machining, and high-speed drilling methodologies, which influence the hole qualities of delamination, burr, surface roughness, cylindricity, diameter error, and thermal damage with the effect of cutting variables (spindle speed and feed rate). In addition, some deburring strategies are also reviewed and discussed.
Innovative operational strategies for biogas plant including temperature and stirring management
Authors: Önen Senem , Nsair Abdullah , Kuchta Kerstin
Published: December 2018

Finding the optimum operational conditions (mainly temperature and stirring) inside the fermenters is crucial in the field of anaerobic digestion. This study was conducted to contribute to the research area of anaerobic digestion process optimization and is an example for other biogas plants to improve efficiency. The research aimed at finding the optimum operational conditions in a large-scale biogas plant located in Lower Saxony, Germany, which started operation in 2011. The optimization activities were performed by operating the fermenters under different operational conditions: the temperature inside the fermenters ranged between 40°C and 43°C, while applying several stirring scenarios. These changes led to an increase in specific electricity yield of 11.7% and a decrease in internal energy consumption of 10.4%.

The total internal energy consumption of the biogas plant was in the range of 6.3–7.2% (the average monthly internal energy consumption was 6.7% in 2013 and 6.0% in 2014) from their own production, and 28% of this energy consumption was used by the stirrers before optimization. Therefore, finding the optimum operational conditions leads to high energy harvesting and lower internal energy consumption.
A Systematic Review of Social Media Acceptance From the Perspective of Educational and Information Systems Theories and Models
Authors: Al-Qaysi Noor , Mohamad-Nordin Norhisham , Al-Emran Mostafa
Published: December 2018

The study of social media acceptance and adoption is not a new research topic. However, the analysis of the educational and information systems (IS) theories/models that are used to examine the social media acceptance and adoption is considered an important research direction. To examine these theories/models and provide researchers with a clear vision of this research topic, we should be aware of the leading educational and IS theories/models used in this line of research. To this end, this systematic review retrieved and analyzed 2,382 articles. The retrieved articles were then critically examined to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, in which 122 articles published between 2009 and 2018 were eventually selected for further critical analysis. The main findings indicated that the uses and gratifications theory (U&G) and the social constructivism theory were considered the most widely used educational theories in social media. Besides, the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) were considered the most extensively used IS models in studying the social media acceptance and adoption. These results afford a better understanding of social media studies related to the educational and IS theories/models and form a constructive reference for future research.
A Qualitative Study of Intimate Partner Violence From the Perpetrator’s Perspective
Authors: Ager Richard D.
Published: December 2018

Cognitive–behavioral treatment (CBT) has shown promising results in reducing aggression in intimate partner violence (IPV) relationships. A cornerstone of effective CBT is the assessment and measure of cognitions, behaviors, interactions, and conditions surrounding the violence. Unfortunately, there is limited perpetrator-based research that focuses on these aspects of IPV. The purpose of this study was to question perpetrators about the behaviors, interactions, cognitions, and conditions that precipitate and maintain abuse. Such information, along with similar data collected in a companion study of victims, is intended to assist in better understanding perpetrator violence, which can serve as the foundation of effective cognitive–behavioral (CB) IPV assessment, measurement, and treatment. Twelve heterosexual perpetrators receiving treatment for IPV completed structured audiotaped interviews focusing on CB phenomena, that is, the cognitions, behaviors, feelings, interactions, and conditions perpetrators have before, during, and after an IPV incident. Transcripts were coded and analyzed to develop a broad categorized list of discrete IPV phenomena over time. Among the findings relating to violent incidents was indication that despite the progression of abuse that compels perpetrators uncontrollably toward a violent episode, both partners simultaneously engage in numerous preventive attempts. The findings are ultimately intended to contribute to an instrument or treatment assessment method that can more accurately measure IPV phenomena emphasizing core CB concepts.
The Prevalence and Psychological Cost of Interpersonal Violence in Graduate and Law School
Authors: Boyle Kaitlin M. , McKinzie Ashleigh E.
Published: December 2018

There is a rich research literature linking interpersonal violence to mental health disorders among undergraduate students. However, scholars know less about the prevalence and consequences of victimization among students enrolled in postbaccalaureate programs. Graduate and law students are uniquely vulnerable in their dependence on programs for financial support and career advancement, and they are more isolated than undergraduates. We explore the experiences of sexual harassment, sexual assault, and stalking in a sample of 1,149 male and female master’s, doctoral, and law students at a southeastern public university. First, the current study estimates prevalence rates of sexual harassment, sexual assault, and stalking across participant characteristics such as gender, race, sexual orientation, and degree program. We find higher rates of sexual harassment among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, or asexual (LGBTQ+) women and multiracial students and higher rates of coercion and stalking among women. Second, following a longstanding literature on experiences with violence among undergraduate women, we demonstrate the effects of interpersonal violence on depression and anxiety. A series of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) suggests a heightened risk of mental health disturbances among law students, women, and LGBTQ+ students. Importantly, interpersonal violence partially explains these heightened levels of depression and anxiety in these groups. Given increasing rates of enrollment in postbaccalaureate programs, our findings suggest an unfulfilled need for the assessment, prevention, and treatment of individuals regarding the experiences of interpersonal violence and mental illness among graduate and law students. Student services should develop education and prevention programming for students and faculty to alleviate the occurrence and consequences of victimization while being mindful of the unique experiences of sexually and racially minoritized students.
Rumination Mediates the Relationship Between Negative Affect and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Female Interpersonal Trauma Survivors
Authors: Brown Wilson J. , Hetzel-Riggin Melanie D. , Mitchell Melissa A. , Bruce Steven E.
Published: December 2018

Prior research has identified both rumination and negative affect (NA) as dimensional constructs related to the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While both dimensions demonstrate significant positive relationships with symptoms of PTSD, the relationship between the two within the context of the disorder has yet to be explored. Consistent with prior research in the social anxiety literature, the present study seeks to examine a model of mediation by which rumination accounts for the significant relationship between NA and PTSD symptoms. Participants included 65 female interpersonal trauma survivors diagnosed with PTSD using structured, clinician-administered interviews. Both NA and rumination were observed as significant predictors of PTSD symptoms, and the variables were significantly associated with each other. However, NA was no longer a significant predictor of PTSD symptoms when rumination was entered into the mediation model, suggesting full mediation of the relationship by rumination. Results from the current study suggest a complex relationship between NA and rumination in interpersonal trauma survivors with PTSD, such that a ruminative cognitive coping style may either mitigate or exacerbate PTSD symptoms in the presence of sustained negative emotion. The current findings provide support for a cognitive model of PTSD, within which PTSD symptoms are influenced via negative, ruminative cognitions. Primary implications of these results include (a) the consideration of assessment of rumination in interpersonal trauma survivors with PTSD in clinical settings; (b) the selection of treatment that may address a ruminative cognitive style in this population, given the mediation between subjective distress and PTSD symptoms by rumination; and (c) the necessity for the validation of this mediation model within other traumatized populations.
γ-Irradiated gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol films as artificial articular cartilage
Authors: Al-Mamun Abdullah , Haque Papia , Debnath Tonmoy , Rahman M Fizur , Islam Jahid M M , Rahman Mohammed Mizanur , Khan Mubarak Ahmed
Published: December 2018

Both gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol polymers have good biocompatibility to be used in biomedical applications. Cell adhesion and growth activity of gelatin have made it unique in artificial cartilage preparation. Two separate solutions of them are prepared by mixing 10% (w/v) of each one in water. These two solutions are then mixed at a temperature range of 70–90°C, and a pH value of 2 is maintained and finally it is cast into films. The dried films are gamma irradiated (using 60Co) at different doses. Fourier transform infrared analysis of the films shows the presence of amide linkages formed in them. It is observed from thermogravimetric analysis that 2.6% of non-irradiated and 20% of irradiated samples retain after heating them up to 600°C. Mechanical properties of the irradiated films show better properties than that of non-irradiated one. The irradiated films show a decrease in water uptake than that of the non-irradiated films. Scanning electron microscopy does not show any significant difference in morphology of the films with increasing radiation doses.
Correlating Self-Report and Trace Data Measures of Incivility: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Hopp Toby , Vargo Chris J. , Dixon Lucas , Thain Nithum
Published: December 2018

This study correlated self-report and trace data measures of political incivility. Specifically, we asked respondents to provide estimates of the degree to which they engage in uncivil political communication online. These estimates were then compared to computational measures of uncivil social media discussion behavior. The results indicated that those who self-disclose uncivil online behavior also tend to generate content on social media that is uncivil as identified by Google’s Perspective application programming interface. Taken as a whole, this work suggests that combining self-report and behavioral trace data may be a fruitful means of developing multimethod measures of complex communication behaviors.
A Note on How Prior Survey Experience With Self-Administered Panel Surveys Affects Attrition in Different Modes
Authors: Gummer Tobias , Daikeler Jessica
Published: December 2018

Attrition poses an important challenge for panel surveys. With respect to these surveys, respondents’ decisions about whether to participate in reinterviews are affected by their participation in prior waves of the panel. However, in self-administered mixed-mode panels, the way of experiencing a survey differs between the mail mode and the web mode. Consequently, this study investigated how respondents’ prior experience with the characteristics of a survey—such as length, difficulty, interestingness, sensitivity, and the diversity of the questionnaire—affects their informed decision about whether to participate again or not. We found that the length of a questionnaire seems to be of such importance to respondents that they base their participation on this characteristic, regardless of the mode. Our findings also suggest that the difficulty and diversity of questionnaires are readily accessible information that respondents use in the mail mode when making a decision about whether to participate again, whereas these characteristics have no effect in the web mode. In addition, privacy concerns have an impact in the web mode but not in the mail mode.
Comparative study of Reynolds stress budgets of thermally and calorically perfect gases for high-temperature supersonic turbulent channel flow
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Dou Hua-Shu , Liu Qi , Zhu Zuchao , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2018

To study the Reynolds stress budgets, direct numerical simulations of high-temperature supersonic turbulent channel flow for thermally perfect gas and calorically perfect gas are conducted at Mach number 3.0 and Reynolds number 4800 combined with a dimensional wall temperature of 596.30 K. The reliability of the direct numerical simulation data is verified by comparison with previous results ( J Fluid Mech 1995, vol. 305, pp.159–183). The effects of variable specific heat are important because the vibrational energy excited degree exceeds 0.1. The viscous diffusion, pressure–velocity gradient correlation, and dissipation terms in the Reynolds stress budgets for TPG, except the streamwise component, are larger than those for calorically perfect gas close to the wall. Compressibility-related term decreases when thermally perfect gas is considered. The major difference for both gas models is mainly due to variations in mean flow properties. Inter-component transfer related to pressure–velocity gradient correlation term can be distinguished into inner and outer regions, whose critical position is approximately 16 for both gas models.