bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The flipped classroom and cooperative learning: Evidence from a randomised experiment
Authors: Foldnes Njål
Published: March 2016

This article describes a study which compares the effectiveness of the flipped classroom relative to the traditional lecture-based classroom. We investigated two implementations of the flipped classroom. The first implementation did not actively encourage cooperative learning, with students progressing through the course at their own pace. With this implementation, student examination scores did not differ between the lecture classes and the flipped classroom. The second implementation was organised with cooperative learning activities. In a randomised control-group pretest-posttest experiment, student scores on a post-test and on the final examination were significantly higher for the flipped classroom group than for the control group receiving traditional lectures. This demonstrates that the classroom flip, if properly implemented with cooperative learning, can lead to increased academic performance.
An industrial onsite methodology for combined acoustic-aerodynamic diagnostics of axial fans, involving the phased array microphone technique
Authors: Benedek Tamás , Vad János
Published: March 2016

A combined acoustic-aerodynamic diagnostics methodology is presented herein, involving the phased array microphone technique and an in-house rotating source identifier processing algorithm. The methodology makes possible the industrial onsite investigation of unducted or short-ducted rotor-only axial fans. Its application is illustrated in a case study of a free-inlet, free-exhausting fan, surveyed from the upstream direction. A methodology is outlined for guaranteeing the appropriateness of averaging of the phased array microphone records. A technique is proposed for eliminating the ambiguity of the angular position of the rotor noise sources. A complete set of noise source maps of various frequencies have been evaluated. Noise sources, such as tip leakage flow and suction side blade boundary layer flow, have been identified. Empirical correlations have been pointed out between indicators of aerodynamic noise and aerodynamic loss along the blade span. Such correlations may contribute to redesign guidelines for simultaneous reduction of noise and improvement of efficiency at prescribed fan performance.
Testing the Efficacy of MyPsychLab to Replace Traditional Instruction in a Hybrid Course
Authors: Powers Kasey L. , Brooks Patricia J. , Galazyn Magdalena , Donnelly Seamus
Published: March 2016

Online course-packs are marketed as improving grades in introductory-level coursework, yet it is unknown whether these course-packs can effectively replace, as opposed to supplement, in-class instruction. This study compared learning outcomes for Introductory Psychology students in hybrid and traditional sections, with hybrid sections replacing 30% of in-class time with online homework using the MyPsychLab course-pack and Blackboard course management system. Data collected over two semesters ( N = 730 students in six hybrid and nine traditional sections of ∼50 students) indicated equivalent final-grade averages and rates of class attrition. Although exam averages did not differ by class format, exam grades in hybrid sections decreased to a significantly greater extent over the course of the semester than in traditional sections. MyPsychLab homework grades in hybrid sections correlated with exam grades, but were relatively low (66.4%) due to incomplete work—suggesting that hybrid students may have engaged with course materials less than traditional students. Faculty who taught in both formats noted positive features of hybrid teaching, but preferred traditional classes, citing challenges in time management and student usage of instructional technology. Although hybrid students often reported difficulties or displeasure in working online about half of them indicated interest in taking other hybrid classes.
Influence of three-dimensional reconstruction method for building a model of the cervical spine on its biomechanical responses: A finite element analysis study
Authors: Zafarparandeh Iman , Erbulut Deniz Ufuk , Ozer Ali Fahir
Published: March 2016

In some finite element analysis studies of models of sections of the spine, the three-dimensional solid model is built by assuming symmetry about the mid-sagittal plane of the section, whereas in other studies, the model is built from the exact geometry of the section. The influence of the method used to build the solid model on model parameters, in the case of the cervical spine, has not been reported in the literature. This issue is the subject of this study, with the section being C2–C7, the applied loadings being extension, flexion, left lateral bending, and right axial rotation (each of magnitude 1 Nm), and the model parameters determined being rotation, intradiskal pressure, and facet load at each of the segments. When all the parameter results were considered, it was found that, by and large, the influence of solid model construction method used (exact geometry vs assumption of symmetry about the mid-sagittal plane of the section) was marginal. As construction of a symmetric finite element model requires less time and effort, construction of an asymmetric model may be justified in special cases only.
Correlation Analysis of SOX9, -5, and -6 as well as COL2A1 and Aggrecan Gene Expression of Collagen I Implant–Derived and Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes
Authors: Zwickl Hannes , Niculescu-Morzsa Eugenia , Halbwirth Florian , Bauer Christoph , Jeyakumar Vivek , Reutterer Angelique , Berger Manuela , Nehrer Stefan
Published: March 2016

Objective

Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation is frequently applied to replace damaged cartilage in order to support tissue regeneration or repair and to prevent progressive cartilage degradation and osteoarthritis. Its application, however, is limited to primary defects and contraindicated in the case of osteoarthritis that is partially ascribed to dedifferentiation and phenotype alterations of chondrocytes obtainable from patients’ biopsies. The differentiation state of chondrocytes is reflected at the level of structural gene (COL2A1, ACAN, COL1A1) and transcription factor (SOX9, 5, 6) expression.

Methods/Design

We determined the mRNA abundances of COL2A1, ACAN, and COL1A1as well as SOX9, -5, and -6 of freshly isolated and passaged collagen I implant–derived and osteoarthritic chondrocytes via reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, we analyzed the correlation of structural and transcription factor gene expression. Thus, we were able to evaluate the impact of the mRNA levels of transcription factors on the expression of cartilage-specific structural genes.

Results

Significant differences were obtained (1) for freshly isolated osteoarthritic versus collagen I implant–derived chondrocytes, (2) due to passaging of the respective cell sources, (3) for osteoarthritic versus nonosteoarthritic chondrocytes, and (4) for COL2A1 versus ACAN expression with respect to the coherence with SOX9, -5, and -6 transcript levels.

Conclusion

Our results might contribute to a better understanding of the transcriptional regulation of structural gene expression of chondrocytes with implications for their use in matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation.
Modeling the penetration and perforation of concrete targets by rigid projectiles
Authors: Rosenberg Zvi , Kositski Roman
Published: March 2016

We present an analytical approach for the penetration and perforation processes of concrete targets by rigid projectiles. We first derive an empirical relation for the penetration resistance ( Rt) of thick concrete targets to rigid projectiles, in terms of their unconfined compressive strength ( fc) and the projectile’s diameter ( D). We then develop an analytic model for the perforation process of concrete slabs by accounting for their back surface, through a reduced resisting stress ( Reff) which the slab exerts on the rigid projectile. With these values of Reff, we calculate the ballistic limit velocity ( Vbl) for a given projectile/slab configuration, as well as the residual velocities ( Vr) of a perforating projectile. Predictions from our model are compared with several sets of published data, showing good agreement.
Critique and ontological politics
Authors: Anderson Ben
Published: March 2016

In this commentary, I explore three questions in response to Simon and Randalls’ emphasis on the ‘resilience multiple’: how to understand the endurance of the general, as it folds with and into the singular; how might an ontological politics concerned with the coming to form of realities deal with processes of unbecoming; and what becomes of critique as practice and ethos in the midst of a concern with ontological multiplicity.
Resilience thinking, fluidity and the agency of a quasi-actant
Authors: Dwiartama Angga
Published: March 2016

This commentary adds to Simon and Randalls’ interrogation of resilience by offering three insights into a more vibrant understanding of multiplicity. First, this article seeks to align the current development of an ever-expanding scientific (and political) project called ‘resilience thinking’, with the ambivalence of resilience politics. Second, it responds to resilience multiple by proposing that resilience is also fluid, a term derived from de Laet and Mol’s fluid technology. Lastly, it extends the implication of fluidity within resilience thinking to the agency of a quasi-actant that shapes and disrupts the current political project of the uncertain future.
Resilience multiple – Sounding a call for responsible practice
Authors: Paschen Jana-Axinja , Beilin Ruth
Published: March 2016

In response to Simon and Randall, article’s focus on the ‘ontological politics of resilience multiple’, we articulate the ethics of care and possibility associated with multiple ‘ontologies of responsibility’. We argue that these inform the practices of resilience and underpin social and environmental justice in a perpetual present.
From ‘dysfunctionality’ to solidarity
Authors: Bauder Harald
Published: March 2016

Neo-liberalism and deindustrialization have led to the increasing social and economic marginalization of large segments of the population. In this commentary, I examine which type of community-building practices may be necessary to engage this development. I also explore the role of culture, practices of distinction and solidarity in the process.
Community and the Balkanization of social membership
Authors: Ballard Richard
Published: March 2016

Although the idea of community opens up possibilities for thinking about agency, sociality and collectivity in the face of austerity, it also has significant limitations. It can reify and ossify collectives in ways that do not align particularly well with complex and fluid social realities. Where ideas of community are adopted popular and political levels, they can result in processes of social purification that demand either assimilation or exclusion. Furthermore, they can lead to moralizing assessments about responsibilities of marginal members of society to engage in ‘good’ community. Finally, they can also limit the scale of social membership and allow those with resources to abdicate responsibility towards those who do not. This commentary notes that the idea of community might be most productively deployed not to understand the resilience of homogenously defined groupings (such as poor/white/British) but rather the ways in which responses to injustice can bring people into redistributional and common cause relationships across demographic and class divides.
Pain catastrophizing predicts verbal expression among children with chronic pain and their mothers
Authors: Langer Shelby L , Romano Joan M , Liu Qimin , Levy Rona L , Nielson Heather , Brown Jonathon D
Published: March 2016

This study examined intra- and inter-personal associations between pain catastrophizing and verbal expression in 70 children with recurrent abdominal pain and their mothers. Participants independently completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Mothers and children then talked about the child’s pain. Speech was categorized using a linguistic analysis program. Catastrophizing was positively associated with the use of negative emotion words by both mothers and children. In addition, mothers’ catastrophizing was positively associated with both mothers’ and children’s anger word usage, whereas children’s catastrophizing was inversely associated with mothers’ anger word usage. Findings extend the literature on behavioral and interpersonal aspects of catastrophizing.
Changes in the semen quality among 5739 men seeking infertility treatment in Northern Norway over past 20 years (1993–2012)
Authors: Basnet Purusotam , Hansen Sissel A , Olaussen Inger K , Hentemann Martha A , Acharya Ganesh
Published: March 2016

Semen quality plays a pivotal role in sustaining the fertility rate and healthy population growth. Therefore, assessment of temporal trends in the semen quality provides valuable public health information. We analyzed the semen quality parameters of 5739 North Norwegian men among consecutive couples attending the fertility clinic of University Hospital of North Norway for investigation and/or treatment from 1993 to 2012. The seminal fluid volume, sperm concentration, and total sperm count were found to have gradually decreased during the past 20 years. The proportion of hypospermic, azoospermic, and oligozoospermic men had increased by 24.6% ( p < 0.001), 109.5% ( p < 0.001), and 9.5% ( p = 0.05), respectively, in the last decade (2003–2012) compared to the first decade (1993–2002). The parameters of semen quality are rapidly deteriorating in North Norwegian men seeking fertility treatment.
Do It All Wrong! Using Reverse-Brainstorming to Generate Ideas, Improve Discussions, and Move Students to Action
Authors: Hagen Marcia , Bernard Allan , Grube Eric
Published: March 2016

Ideas dumped? Students stumped? Try it backwards! Asking students to solve problems by developing “bad” solutions, reverse-brainstorming is a technique known for its usefulness as a way to improve creativity, expand ideas, and stimulate group discussion. This article explains the historical usage of reverse-brainstorming in the workplace and provides a step-by-step guide for applying it to the management classroom.
An overview of rare-earth recovery by ion-exchange leaching from ion-adsorption clays of various origins
Authors: Moldoveanu G. A. , Papangelakis V. G.
Published: March 2016

Continuous development of advanced technologies has created increasing demand for rare-earth elements (REE), with global emphasis on identifying new alternate sources to ensure adequate supply. Ore deposits containing physically adsorbed lanthanides are substantially lower grade than other REE deposit types; however, the low mining and processing costs make them economically attractive as sources of REE. To evaluate the commercial potential for the recovery of REEs from ion-adsorption deposits in a systematic manner, a standardized procedure for REE leaching was developed previously. Using this procudure it was found that, regardless of variations in ore origin and REE content, all REE consistently reached peak extraction levels under ambient conditions with fast kinetics. Various techniques to improve the REE extraction through process variations were also investigated: it was found that decreasing the L:S ratio, re-using leachate on fresh ores and counter-current leaching were all capable of increasing REE concentrations in the resultant leachate, albeit at the expense of REE extraction levels. In addition, the water content trapped in the leached material was found to contain significant amounts of REE and residual lixiviant requiring thorough washing of the solid residue.
Fractionation of rare-earth elements during magmatic differentiation and weathering of calc-alkaline granites in southern Myanmar
Authors: Sanematsu Kenzo , Ejima Terumi , Kon Yoshiaki , Manaka Takayuki , Zaw Khin , Morita Sayaka , Seo Yuna
Published: March 2016

Geochemical characteristics and rare-earth element (REE)-bearing minerals of calc-alkaline granites in southern Myanmar were investigated to identify the minerals controlling fractionation between light and heavyREE(LREE and HREE) during magmatic differentiation and weathering. The granites were classified on the basis of the mineral assemblages into two contrasting groups: allanite-(Ce)- and/or titanite-bearing granites; and more HREE-enriched granites characterized by hydrothermal minerals including synchysite(Y), parisite-(Ce), bastnäsite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y), monazite-(Ce), Y-Ca silicate, waimirite-(Y) and fluorite. This suggests that allanite-(Ce) and titanite are not stable in differentiated magma and HREE are eventually preferentially incorporated into the hydrothermal minerals. The occurrence of theREE-bearing minerals is constrained by the degree of magmatic differentiation and the boundary of two contrasting granite groups is indicated by SiO2contents of ∼74 wt.% or Rb/Sr ratios of ∼3–8. Fractionation between LREE and HREE during weathering of the granites is influenced by weathering resistance of theREE-bearing minerals, i.e. allanite-(Ce), titanite, theREEfluorocarbonates and waimirite-(Y) are probably more susceptible to weathering, whereas zircon, monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) are resistant to weathering. Ion-exchangeableREEin weathered granites tend to be depleted in HREE relative to the whole-rock compositions, suggesting that HREE are more strongly adsorbed on weathering products or that HREE remain in residual minerals.
Rare-earth element distribution and genesis of manganese ores associated with Tethyan ophiolites, Iran: A review
Authors: Zarasvandi Alireza , Rezaei Mohsen , Sadeghi Martiya , Pourkaseb Houshang , Sepahvand Masoume
Published: March 2016

The Zagros orogenic and metallogenic belt is characterized by the widespread occurrence of manganese and ferromanganese deposits. These deposits are spatially associated with radiolarian cherts and basaltic rocks, which cap the ophiolite sequences. The present work provides a review on the rare-earth element (REE) geochemistry coupled with major- and trace-element geochemical characteristics of the Nasirabad and Abadeh Tashk manganese deposits (associated with the Neyriz ophiolite), and Sorkhvand manganese deposit (associated with the Kermanshah ophiolite). These data are used to gain an insight into the primary ore-forming processes that control the deposition of manganese ores. All of the selected manganese deposits have consistently high Ba contents and low concentrations of trace elements (Co, Cu and Ni) with high Mn/Fe ratios typical of hydrothermal activity. A relatively low REE abundance, Lan/Ndn ratios (>3), and position on a Lan/Cen vs. Al2O3/(Al2O3 + Fe2O3) discrimination plot indicate a distal hydrothermal source for almost all of the selected manganese deposits. Most of the deposits are characterized by Ceanom < –0.1 which reflects the prevailing oxidative conditions during the deposition of manganese ores. Importantly, this is consistent with the occurrence of non-sulfide oxic Mn mineralization in all the manganese deposits of the Zagros orogeny. The comparison of the Sorkhvand, Abadeh Tashk and Nasirabad manganese deposits with other manganese deposits elsewhere in the world indicates that major- and trace-element characteristics, as well as the REE composition of the Zagros manganese deposits are analogous to those typical of hydrothermal deposits.
Research roundup: March 2016
Authors: Murray Joy , Brook Judy , Lally Sheila
Published: March 2016

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles that may be of interest to health visitors is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Building Community Capacity: What can health visitors do?
Authors: South Jane , Stansfield Jude
Published: March 2016

There is increasing support for public health professionals to adopt community-centred approaches in their work. This article discusses the importance of building community capacity in achieving good health outcomes across the life course and highlights current resources that health visitors can use to support their community-level work. It describes a national framework that identifies different approaches including community development, volunteer/peer roles, partnerships and linking to community resources. Some of the issues for local public health practice, including advocacy, skills and sustainability, are highlighted. The article concludes that health visitors can make an important contribution through championing community-centred prevention and using their skills, knowledge and experience to build resilient communities.
What a louse!
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: March 2016

The humble woodlouse is a fascinating creature for children of all ages to investigate. Have a look at them in action and encourage children's observations. Why are they more like a crab than a mini-beast?
Walking the line
Authors: White Hilary
Published: March 2016

Children will have great fun testing their natural sense of balance with a variety of different lines that are easy to create either indoors or out. Watch them develop skills you never dreamt they could have.
Wave your wand
Authors: Williams Kate
Published: March 2016

Wands can work their magic and develop characters all of their very own. Children can use them to makes wishes come true, exercise power over others, and discover their true emotions and feelings.
PVA-Coumarin Films: Materials for Optical Applications
Authors: Mohamed N. , Badr Y. A. , El-Kader K. M. Abd
Published: March 2016

Pure Poly(vinylacohol) (PVA) and PVA-coum films with different concentrations were prepared by a casting technique. Optical absorption and mechanical properties were measured. The UV–Vis absorption spectra gave the same band positions but the absorption intensity increases with increasing coumarin concentration. The dependence of the absorption coefficient on the photon energy has been determined and the energy gaps and band tails were calculated. The topography of the surface was measured by atomic force microscope (AFM). It was found that Young’s modulus, the strength at the break and the band tail increase while the optical gaps for PVA-coum films decrease. RMS roughness of the surface for prepared films decreases as the coumarin concentration is increased. The obtained results illustrated that this material has promising applications in optical industries.
Meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopic ultrasonography and intraoperative cholangiography in detection of common bile duct stones
Authors: Jamal KN , Smith H , Ratnasingham K , Siddiqui MR , McLachlan G , Belgaumkar AP
Published: March 2016

Introduction

During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) is currently regarded as the gold standard in the detection of choledocholithiasis. Laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) is an attractive alternative with several potential advantages.

Methods

A systematic review was undertaken of the published literature comparing LUS with IOC in the assessment of common bile duct (CBD) stones.

Results

Twenty-one comparative studies were analysed. There were 4,566 patients in the IOC group and 5,044 in the LUS group. The combined sensitivity and specificity of IOC in the detection of CBD stones were 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–0.89) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.98–0.98) respectively with a pooled area under the curve (AUC) of 0.985 and a diagnostic odds ratio (OR) of 260.65 (95% CI: 160.44–423.45). This compares with a sensitivity and specificity for LUS of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87–0.92) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99–0.99) respectively with a pooled AUC of 0.982 and a diagnostic OR of 765.15 (95% CI: 450.78–1,298.76). LUS appeared to be more successful in terms of coming to a clinical decision regarding CBD stones than IOC (random effects, risk ratio: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.98, df=20, z=-3.7, p<0.005). Furthermore, LUS took less time (random effects, standardised mean difference: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.98, df=20, z=-3.7, p<0.005).

Conclusions

LUS is comparable with IOC in the detection of CBD stones. The main advantages of LUS are that it does not involve ionising radiation, is quicker to perform, has a lower failure rate and can be repeated during the procedure as required.
Bilateral obstruction of bilaterally duplicated collecting systems requiring upper and lower moiety drainage
Authors: Lynch JO , Cox A , Rawal B , Shelmerdine S , Vasdev N , Patel A
Published: March 2016

A 60-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer presented with bilateral obstruction of bilaterally duplicated renal collecting systems secondary to extrinsic compression from metastatic pelvic lymphadenopathy. Bilateral JJ ureteric stents were inserted, resulting in some improvement of renal function but a failure to normalise completely. Repeat computed tomography demonstrated bilateral duplex collecting systems with persisting obstruction of the undrained moieties. Selective puncture was performed to decompress the obstructed renal moieties for bilateral nephrostomy catheter insertion. This allowed renal function to improve sufficiently for the patient to be discharged and commence chemotherapy. This is the first reported case of bilaterally obstructed partially duplicated collecting systems and it illustrates the importance of recognising anatomical variants to tailor treatment appropriately. It also highlights the important relationship between urology and interventional radiology in the management of such complex patients.
Postmarket Surveillance of Point-of-Care Glucose Meters through Analysis of Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Schroeder Lee F , Giacherio Don , Gianchandani Roma , Engoren Milo , Shah Nigam H
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

The electronic medical record (EMR) holds a promising source of data for active postmarket surveillance of diagnostic accuracy, particularly for point-of-care (POC) devices. Through a comparison with prospective bedside and laboratory accuracy studies, we demonstrate the validity of active surveillance via an EMR data mining method [Data Mining EMRs to Evaluate Coincident Testing (DETECT)], comparing POC glucose results to near-in-time central laboratory glucose results.

METHODS

The Roche ACCU-CHEK Inform II® POC glucose meter was evaluated in a laboratory validation study (n = 73), a prospective bedside intensive care unit (ICU) study (n = 124), and with DETECT (n = 852–27 503). For DETECT, the EMR was queried for POC and central laboratory glucose results with filtering based on of bedside collection timestamps, central laboratory time delays, patient location, time period, absence of repeat testing, and presence of peripheral lines.

RESULTS

DETECT and the bedside ICU study produced similar estimates of average bias (4.5 vs 5.0 mg/dL) and relative random error (6.3% vs 5.6%), with overlapping CIs. For glucose <100 mg/dL, the laboratory validation study estimated a lower relative random error of 3.6%. POC average bias correlated with central laboratory turnaround times, consistent with 4.8 mg · dL−1 · h−1 glycolysis. After glycolysis adjustment, average bias was estimated by the bedside ICU study at −0.4 mg/dL (CI, −1.6 to 0.9) and DETECT at −0.7 (CI, −1.3 to 0.2), and percentage POC results occurring outside Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute quality goals were 2.4% and 4.8%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

This study validates DETECT for estimating POC glucose meter accuracy compared with a prospective bedside ICU study and establishes it as a reliable postmarket surveillance methodology.
Mejoras sociales y negociación colectiva
Authors: López Fuentes Ramón
Published: March 2016

La regulación de la negociación colectiva, al igual que otros aspectos de la legislación laboral, ha sido objeto de diferentes reformas en los últimos años. Reformas que han tenido diferente repercusión a la hora de fijar posibles límites a la libertad negociar de las partes, tanto formales, como materiales. Argumentos que se han tendido a justificar en base a que así era posible afrontar mejor la crisis económica existente. Argumentos que han servido de freno al desarrollo de las materias y contenidos propios de las denominadas «cláusulas sociales» e, incluso, a la desaparición de las mismas. Es cierto que no se trata de una tendencia general, pero sí bastante generalizada. Sobre todo a nivel de convenios y acuerdos de empresa, amén de que la materia haya pasado a tener cada vez menor importancia en fórmulas de negociación supraempresarial. Tendencia en la que ahonda el hecho de acudir en el ámbito empresarial a fórmulas más flexibles y visualmente más positivas sobre el protagonismo de la empresa o grupo, como ocurre con las acciones propias de las empresas socialmente responsables.
El emprendimiento social y el empleo de calidad
Authors: Guil Marchante Concha , Montoya Sánchez M.ª Socorro
Published: March 2016

Existe un interés a nivel internacional de promover proyectos de desarrollo social en donde las empresas sociales tienen un importante papel en la creación de empleos en condiciones dignas (Díaz, Marcuello y Marcuello, 2012), en este sentido también se pronuncia la Unión Europea en su estrategia Europa 2020. Los estudios sobre emprendimiento social a principios de este siglo, ya ponían de manifiesto los efectos «desproporcionadamente» efectivos de las empresas sociales en la creación de puestos de trabajo (Harding, 2004); sin embargo, la creación de empleo en los años de la actual crisis económica han suscitado importantes críticas en cuanto a la calidad del trabajo generado. En este contexto, se plantea el objetivo de este trabajo que es determinar el tipo de empleo creado a través del emprendimiento social en la Comunidad Autónoma Andaluza en los últimos años. Para ello, se analiza la noción de empleo de calidad siguiendo las directrices propuestas por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo y la Comisión Europea (Somavia, 2004; European Comision, 2001), y en función al criterio de empleo de calidad, se estudia el concepto de empleo a tiempo parcial desde el punto de vista normativo y estadístico, con el fin de acotar de forma cuantitativa el valor de este tipo de trabajo. En paralelo, se examina el empleo creado por el emprendimiento social en el territorio andaluz, estableciéndose un análisis comparativo por tipos de trabajos: indefinidos, temporales y a tiempo parcial. El resultado de la creación de empleo en los últimos años ha ido en detrimento del empleo de calidad, han aumentado los empleos de jornadas reducidas o muy reducidas que obstaculizan un nivel de renta sostenible para muchas familias.
Riesgos psicosociales derivados de la precariedad laboral en la CAV: posibles líneas de actuación
Authors: López Cabrera Aida
Published: March 2016

Los cambios socioeconómicos de los últimos años han dado lugar a una reconfiguración del mundo laboral tendente a flexibilizar el mercado de trabajo. Estos cambios no solo disminuyen la calidad y cantidad de empleo, sino que también merman la salud mental de los trabajadores y aumenta la probabilidad de exposición a riesgos psicosociales. Para entender este cambio y contextualizar la precariedad latente en la actualidad, se abordarán las distintas transformaciones de las relaciones laborales desde el siglo xvi hasta nuestros días.

Se analizará el término de precariedad y se estudiaran las distintas dimensiones de este complejo fenómeno: flexibilidad externa, flexibilidad interna, calidad y seguridad. Junto a esto, se explicará de manera breve los cambios normativos introducidos por el ejecutivo en aras a fomentar los empleos precarios.

De la misma forma, se contextualizarán y se definirán los riesgos psicosociales, como también los factores de los mismos relacionados con la precariedad, prestando especial atención al estrés como riesgo psicosocial predominante en el caso que nos ocupa. Se analizará la regulación existente en materia de riesgos psicosociales a nivel europeo y estatal con la finalidad de identificar sus posibles deficiencias.

La falta de regulación a cerca de los riesgos psicosociales, la poca concienciación social y el modelo productivo que promueve la maximización de beneficios a cualquier precio, generan una despreocupación por los trabajadores y su salud. Se vislumbra pues, la necesidad de crear una nueva cultura socioeconómica y una serie de ajustes legislativos para poder combatir la generación emergente de riesgos de carácter psicosocial en el ámbito laboral.
La investigación en Ciencias Laborales como una nueva dimensión del alumnado universitario. Una experiencia innovadora
Authors: Calvo Palomares Ricard , Rodríguez del Pino Juan A. , Lorente Campos Raúl , Benedito Monleón M.ª Amparo , Cantarero Sanz Santiago , Cano Montero Francisco J. , Lerma Montero Ignasi
Published: March 2016

Profesorado del Grado de Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos de la Universitat de València, se planteó en el curso 2013-2014, y dado que la titulación había pasado de Diplomatura a Grado, la necesidad de fomentar entre el alumnado la orientación investigadora, opción hasta dicho momento difícil de desarrollar. Por eso, a través del desarrollo del proyecto de innovación en dicho curso «Medios para la difusión de resultados de investigaciones en Ciencias Laborales», se creó una web (http://inveslab.blogs.uv.es/) en la que se recogieron los resultados obtenidos del mismo, un repositorio con los medios existentes para la difusión de los resultados de investigaciones en Ciencias Laborales. Todo ello con el objeto de mejorar la capacidad de los egresados en RRLL y RRHH, de promover la difusión de los resultados y hallazgos obtenidos, procedentes de investigaciones vinculadas con las Ciencias Laborales y, más concretamente, desarrolladas en sus trabajos de fin de Grado (TFG) y/o de fin de Master (TFM). El curso siguiente, 2014-2015, en el que nos encontramos, se ha buscado dar un pequeño paso más con la «Constitución de una red de innovación docente específica en Ciencias Laborales» entre las Universidades de Valencia, Huelva y Murcia (con la intención de ampliarse paulatinamente a otras), con el propósito final de establecer para el próximo curso, 2015-2016, un premioa nivel nacionalque estimule las investigaciones realizadas en Ciencias Laborales mediante los trabajos de fin de Grado (TFG) y/o de fin de Master (TFM). Observando la complementariedad e interactuación entre las Universidades españolas y entendiendo a la idea fundamental de mejorar la capacidad divulgadora de los resultados y hallazgos científicos obtenidos por ellos en las investigaciones realizadas en la materia. En el presente texto realizamos una recopilación del trabajo y de los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento.
Prácticas religiosas en contextos de migración. Algunas articulaciones entre transnacionalidad, localidad e identidades
Authors: Mallimaci Barral Ana Inés
Published: March 2016

En los últimos años el campo de los estudios migratorios se ha visto atravesado por una disputa entre dos perspectivas. Por un lado, el paradigma asimilacionista relacionado con cierto “nacionalismo metodológico”, clásico pero algo arcaico. Por otro lado, la perspectiva transnacional que ha sostenido que los desplazamientos de personas no derivan de manera necesaria en la generación de prácticas de asimilación por parte de los y las migrantes ni tampoco por parte de las sociedades receptoras. Desde la convicción de que los debates conceptuales deben estar encarnados y construidos desde trabajos empíricos, este trabajo propone el análisis de un caso, la festividad religiosa de los y las migrantes bolivianos en Ushuaia, para analizar las tensiones y articulaciones entre lógicas transnacionales y asimilacionistas que atraviesan la vida cotidiana de las poblaciones migrantes.
Intimidad, sexualidad, demencias. La relación subjetiva con el trabajo de cuidado en contextos desestabilizantes
Authors: Borgeaud-Garciandía Natacha
Published: March 2016

El presente artículo se centra en el trabajo de cuidado domiciliario en contextos que suponen la confrontación de las cuidadoras con elementos perturbadores y potencialmente desestabilizantes: la intimidad, la sexualidad y la demencia senil de adultos mayores muy dependientes. Proviene de una investigación en sociología cualitativa en la cual se llevaron a cabo entrevistas biográficas de tipo “historias de vida” con cuidadoras. Apoyándonos en las nociones de “trabajo sucio”, “trabajo emocional” y “defensas”, se analiza cómo estas trabajadoras se protegen y resignifican su trabajo ante la amenaza de sufrimiento que conlleva tal confrontación, lo cual puede resultar aún más difícil cuando los familiares rechazan el declive de su mayor. A la vez, la convivencia prolongada les permite a las cuidadoras desarrollar un trabajo de cuidado integral, que pueden apreciar y repatriar en su buen cuidado. A través de sus estrategias emocionales, las cuidadoras resignifican el trabajo sucio a la vez que buscan preservar su identidad de “buena cuidadora”, socialmente valorada.
Sustainable Solutions to ‘Complex Problem-Solving’ A Key to Effective Community and Industry Engagement and Partnerships by University Researchers
Authors: Richards Cameron , Tanquilu Neil
Published: March 2016

Community and industry engagement by universities and academics are sometimes prone to accusations of exclusive or academic ‘talk-fests’ which can reinforce rather than resolve the ‘bridgeable disconnect’ between the general community and particular organizations with vested interests (Grayson, 2010). Concrete modes and strategies of ‘linking knowledge to action’ are needed to build upon the participatory exchange or mediation of stakeholder perspectives and interests. This paper reports on the exploration, development and application of the kind of convergent and also interdisciplinary approach to development studies which might: (a) better link theory and practice as a basis for the elusive goal of strategic ‘sustainability’, and (b) also encourage and optimize authentic, collaborative, and complex modes of problem-solving as a key to community and industry engagement by academic institutions and researchers. It will do so in relation to some practical case studies in such partnerships.
Typologies of Peri-Urban Klaten-Central Java: A study based on Socio-Economic Perspective
Authors: Yesiana Reny
Published: March 2016

Urbanization as a socio-economic change in developing countries has been leading to the existence of a region with a mixture of rural and urban character so called Peri-Urban Areas (PUA). PUA has been emerging as a part of urban growth process as well as rural growth, regarded as rural-urban transition. This phenomenon could be clearly observed in Klaten District, Central Java Province. Located between two strategic cities in Central Java, i.e. Yogyakarta and Surakarta, Klaten has been experiencing a significant land conversion (among the highest in the province) and a significant economic growth in comparison to other districts in the province. Accordingly, Klaten was chosen as the case study to understand the PUA development in Central Java. By focusing on socio-economic perspective, this paper aims to determine PUA typology in Klaten and further analyze the driving factors of the emerging PUA typology. Quantitative analysis using GIS tools and scoring method was applied to create the typology based on secondary socio-economic data taken from statistics report. As the results of the analysis, it has been shown that most of villages in the study area are highly rural in terms of social character. On the contrary, in economic aspect such as employment, the PUA of Klaten community has a strong urban character. It is classified as the fourth typology (highly rural in social character and highly urban in economic character) among the four identified PUA typologies in Klaten. The underlying influential factor of the development of PUA in Klaten is very much its local potential, i.e. the local economic activity. This may provide an evidence that urban and rural growth could be taken place as a part of ‘local’ growth which does not necessarily take place as a part of urban growth (expansion) of the main city (growth center).
CERPEN “KOROSHIYA DESU NO YO” SEBUAH KAJIAN FEMINISME
Authors: Rahmah Yuliani
Published: March 2016

This article discusses about the Japanese short story which studied by feminism approach.. As the object of this study is one of Hoshi Shin Ichi‟s shortstory Koroshi desu no yo. This short story told about a female figure called Onna that with her intelligence, she can defeated the men of the upper classes. With the approach of power feminism, the authors conducted a study on the Onna‟s figure as main female character to find what kind a power that she used againts male domination in Japanese society and how she used that to reach her goal. As a result it is known the forms of feminine power which is owned by prominent Onna, and what kind of achievement that Onna can get by using girl power she has. As a woman this Onna figures as main character were able to show that power she had can make her survive in a society dominated by men. She also was able to show her existence as an independent individual and get the same rights as men.
KAJIAN SEMIOTIK: INTERPRETASI PUISI KUROFUNE KARYA KINOSHITA MOKUTARO
Authors: Fadli Zaki Ainul
Published: March 2016

[The interpretation of Kinoshita Mokutaro’s Kurofune] This article discusses about the interpretation of poetry with semiotic approach. As the object of this study is one of Kinoshita Mokutaro’s poetries: Kurofune. Decoding the dramatic situation and connotation of a poetic text can be helpful for its interpretation. The dramatic situation of Kurofune will be discussed with semiothics theory from Riffaterre. In Riffaterre’s theory, poetry can be interpreted with heuristic and hermeneutic’s reading. The purpose of this article is to know the poetry’s implied meaning. The terms of Black Ships(Kurofune) commonly refer to the American steam-powered warships led by Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry which first arrived in Uraga in 1853. But as the result of the analysis, the term kurofune can be also read as the end of shakoku and the beginning of new era called the Meiji Restoration.
Identifikasi Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian dan Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Daerah Pinggiran di Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang
Authors: Dewi Nurma Kumala , Rudiarto Iwan
Published: March 2016

Pertambahan penduduk dan perkembangan Kota Semarang yang mengarah hingga ke daerah pinggiran (wilayah peri-urban) menyebabkan kebutuhan lahan di area pinggiran kota semakin meningkat. Adanya alih fungsi lahan terutama lahan pertanian tentunya menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat disana. Dari alih fungsi lahan tersebut sangat dimungkinkan terjadi perubahan matapencaharian penduduk. Dari yang semula menjadi petani, menjadi bukan petani, atau bahkan menjadi pengangguran. Jika dibiarkan terus-menerus, hal tersebut dapat mengancam keberlanjutan sistem livelihood masyarakat peri-urban khususnya petani. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi perkembangan alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi lahan terbangun (non-pertanian) dan menganalisis kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat terkait alih fungsi lahan pertanian di sana. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis spasial untuk menghitung luas perubahan lahan dan menggambarkan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat di tiap lokasi, serta analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis deskriptif komparatif untuk menggambarkan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat terkait alih fungsi lahan. Teknik sampling yang dipakai menggunakan Metode Stratified Random Sampling yang membagi populasi menjadi kelompok berdasarkan jenis pekerjaan yaitu petani dan bukan petani dengan jumlah sampel 69 responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, alih fungsi lahan pertanian terjadi secara progresif pada aera-area pengembangan seperti pada area dekat pusat kota, pada kawasan pendidikan, dan pada koridor yang merupakan pintu masuk ke Kecamatan Gunungpati. Bagi petani yang kehilangan lahan sawahnya mayoritas mengalami penurunan pendapatan. Hal ini dikarenakan  tingkat pendidikan dan ketrampilan para petani yang terbatas atau tergolong rendah sehingga mereka tidak dapat mengakses pekerjaan formal. Selain itu, karena hilangnya lahan pertanian, saat ini mereka mencari kegiatan ekonominya masing-masing secara berbeda. Adanya perbedaan aktivitas ekonomi dan didorong masuknnya penduduk pendatang pada area mereka membuat kekerabatan antar warga menjadi memudar.
Comportamento da remoção de matéria organica (DQO) e nitrogênio amoniacal em um reator de leito estruturado operado sob aeração intermitente
Authors: Correa Camila Zoe , Prates Katia Valeria Marques Cardoso , Azevedo Camila , Lopes Deize Dias , Rodrigues Eduardo Aparecido , Peterlini Giselly , Barana Ana Claudia
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento da remoção de matéria orgânica (Demanda Química de Oxigênio – DQO) e nitrogênio (N-amoniacal) em um reator de leito estruturado e fluxo contínuo, operado com aeração intermitente (AI). O reator utilizado possuía volume útil de 9,4L, e foi preenchido com estruturas verticais de espuma de poliuretano. O sistema foi operado durante 38 dias sob aeração intermitente (4 h aerado (AE) e 2 h não aerado (AN)) com taxa de recirculação de 3 vezes a vazão de entrada. O Tempo de Detenção hidráulico (TDH) trabalhado foi de 16 h. Durante a operação do reator foram realizadas análises para determinação do pH, alcalinidade, temperatura, DQO, N-amoniacal, nitrito – N-NO2-, nitrato - N-NO3-, Nitrogênio Kjeldhl Total (NKT) e Sólidos em Suspensão Voláteis (SSV). No 380 dia foram realizadas análises durante 3 ciclos de AI, totalizando 18 h de obtenção de dados, sendo realizadas coletas de efluente de 1 em 1 h, para determinar o perfil do consumo de DQO e N--amoniacal. O reator atingiu eficiência média de 88% em termos de remoção de DQOT e 72% de remoção de NKT, durante os 38 dias de operação. Durante os ensaios do perfil foram encontradas remoçôes média de DQOT e N-amoniacal, na fase AE de 92±1% e 49±8%, respectivamente e na fase AN de 90±4% e 46±6%, respectivamente. Dos resultados foi possível concluir que a AI não afetou de forma significativa o percentual de remoção de DQOT e N-amoniacal no reator.