bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient‐reported outcomes for congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A qualitative study
Authors: Taillieu Aymara , Deprest Jan , Vergote Simen , Debeer Anne , Russo Francesca Maria , Power Beverley , Meijer Frank , Crombag Neeltje
Published: January 2023

Objective

To identify Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) for parents with a lived experience of a prenatal diagnosis of isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Method

Thematic analysis of in‐depth interview transcripts.

Results

Interviews (n = 26) identified 11 PROs for given time points throughout the CDH trajectory. At the time of diagnosis, acceptable quality of life was selected as relevant PRO to decide whether to continue or terminate the pregnancy. During pregnancy, (neonatal) survival chances and the eligibility for foetal therapy were prominent outcomes with foetal and maternal complications adding distress. After birth, postnatal management options became the next milestone. When survival was deemed likely, post‐hospital discharge complications and future care for infant and child became important. In retrospect, impact on family, bonding, parental mental health, and parental satisfaction with care were reported as relevant outcomes.

Conclusion

PROs are relevant in addition to hard medical outcomes, as they help parents to make decisions suiting their unique needs and personal situation. Given the knowledge inherently related to the parent's perspective, our findings provide relevant directions for clinicians to support parents and their family in facing challenging decisions in healthcare. The outcomes impacting parents are essential to prepare parents for the steep journey ahead.
Pedigree‐management‐flight interaction for temporal phenotype analysis and temporal phenomic prediction
Authors: Adak Alper , Anderson Steven L. , Murray Seth C.
Published: January 2023

Unoccupied aerial systems (UAS, aka drones) provide high dimensional temporal phenotype data for predictive plant breeding and genetic dissection. Methods to assess temporal phenotype data are an emerging need to predict temporal breeding values of genotypes. Here a novel interaction design was developed and evaluated to include drone flight dates as a component into the mixed model; allowing the temporal changes of drone image derived traits of maize hybrids across different flight dates as well as different management conditions to be monitored. Across 2017 and 2019 respectively, 228 and 100 maize hybrids were grown under two types of management (optimal and late plantings). Seven drone surveys were conducted over each management in 2017 while five drone surveys were conducted over each management in 2019. Temporal plant height (canopy height measurements, CHM) and normalized green‐red difference index (NGRDI) were extracted from each drone survey and used as phenotype data to evaluate the interaction design. Day of flight effects explained the highest amount of total variation for grain yield in the interaction model, meaning the majority of phenotypic variation of CHM and NGRDI occurred across growth with a unique temporal trajectory in each management system. Temporal repeatability values remained higher than 0.5 for CHM and NGRDI in each year. Temporal CHM and NGRDI breeding values of maize hybrids were combined in ridge and lasso regression prediction models. Yield prediction ability of untested genotypes in untested environments were predicted higher by using pedigree × management × flight (PMF) and pedigree× management (PM) interaction results (∼0.34 and 0.52 in 2017 and 2019). Combining environment specific phenomic data (PMF plus PM) gave a larger improvement in yield prediction when the tested and untested environments were less similar. Overall, combined temporal phenomic data could moderately predict grain yield under the most challenging predictive breeding scenario, untested and unrelated genotypes in untested environments.
Reducing oral steroid intolerability and drug costs for acute wheezers: A retrospective evaluation of a clinical management algorithm in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Davison Gail , Ruddell Josh , Trouton Michelle , McDonald Roisin , Kennedy Ben , O'Neill Vikki , McCann Joseph , Bartholome Brigitte , Steen Heather , Shields Mike D. , Mullen Stephen
Published: January 2023

Project Aim

To retrospectively evaluate a clinical management algorithm for acute wheezers in a UK Pediatric Emergency Department (PED).

Overview and Rationale

Acute wheezing attacks are a leading cause of PED attendances and inpatient admissions. Prednisolone, a routine treatment, is intolerable in almost one‐third of children, requiring repeated dosing, which may prolong length of stay (LOS). To address this problem, we: (1) developed an acute management algorithm (concise, single‐sided flow‐chart, instructing immediate management); (2) modified the OCS regime from prednisolone (1 mg/kg, 3‐day course) to dexamethasone (600 then 300 mcg/kg); (3) and disseminated guidance regionally. Written information—handouts, e‐mails, and posters—were followed‐up with verbal reinforcement. We implemented the algorithm in 2017 and revised it further in 2018.

Evaluation

In 2019, we retrospectively collected data on 100 acute wheeze attendances (those requiring OCS, aged 2–14), between October and December in 2016, 2017, and 2018 (n = 300), and assessed outcomes.

Results

Over a 48‐month period, we reduced OCS intolerability by 67.2% and OCS drug costs by 85.8% (saving £41,470.14), while not significantly influencing the other outcomes.

Conclusions

Reduced intolerability and substantial cost savings can be achieved by implementing a structured acute pediatric wheeze algorithm and modifying the OCS to single‐dose dexamethasone (300 mcg/kg).
Substantial second‐order nonlinear optical properties of novel hexamolybdate‐julolidine hybrids: A density functional theory (DFT) study
Authors: AlSilaykhee Ashraf H. S. , Al‐Yasari Ahmed , Alesary Hasan F.
Published: January 2023

Series of new inorganic–organic hybrid hexamolybdate‐julolidine materials are theoretically designed and studied via density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT). Their geometric and electronic structures, linear optical and second‐order nonlinear properties have also been evaluated. By the introduction of julolidine into the organoimido‐hexamolybdate, the studied systems show substantial second‐order nonlinear (NLO) responses of up to 1048 × 10−30 esu for compound 3. Upon enlarging the π‐conjugated linker, the calculated β‐responses are enhanced by a factor of 2.1. In addition, TD‐DFT calculations indicate that the strong low‐energy transition can mainly be attributed to charge transfer (CT) from julolidine‐arylimido to the hexamolybdate cluster, indicating strong communication between the POM and julolidine components, which is responsible for the linear and non‐linear optical behavior of these compounds. Ortho‐methylation to the imido‐bond has a significant effect on the stability and hence the length and linearity of the bond, although it slightly reduces the first hyperpolarizability. The whole set of results demonstrates the excellent NLO activity for julolidine‐POMs chromophores while keeping relatively good transparency window compared to similar purely organic systems.
Effect of water depth and waterway obstructions on the divergence and confluence areas of Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River after the operation of the Three Gorges Project
Authors: Yang Yunping , Yin Hong , Li Ming , Liu Wanli , Li Kanyu , Yu Wenjun
Published: January 2023

Climate change and human activities have profoundly changed the evolutionary processes and developmental trends of the hydrology and geomorphology of rivers and lakes. Such changes have affected the evolution of bars and channels at the intersections of rivers and lakes and the utilization of water depth resources in waterways, which, in turn, have affected the sustainable development of waterways, such as the “Golden Waterway” of the Yangtze River. Considering the confluence of Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River as the present study area, we analyzed the effect of the hydrology of Dongting Lake and the evolution of bars and channels in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River on the depth of the waterways. Our results indicated that from before the operation of the Three Gorges Project (1960–2002) to after its operation (2003–2021), the flow and sediment volume of the three inlets of Dongting Lake demonstrated a continuous decreasing trend. Furthermore, the relative increase in the runoff of the Jingjiang reach increased channel erosion. Channel erosion at the river–lake confluence from 2003 to 2021 created favorable conditions for increasing the dimensions of the waterways. The total length of the river–lake confluence that did not meet the requirements for safe navigation [4.5 × 200 m (water depth × width)] was 12.6 km, accounting for 68.35% of the total length of the Jingjiang reach with obstructed navigation. We observed that a decrease in the low‐water level and “steep slope and rapid flow” were the major factors hindering the navigation of the reach (from Zhicheng to Dabujie) affected by the Songzikou diversion of Dongting Lake. This was mostly reflected by the width of the 4.5 m waterway being less than 200 m. A declining water level, shrinking sandbanks and tidal flats, and alternating branches that destabilize the low‐water route were the major factors hindering navigation in the reach (from Taipingkou) affected by the Taipingkou diversion of Dongting Lake. Consequently, alternative waterways were implemented during low‐water periods with the water depth decreasing below 4.5 m. The obvious collapse of sandbanks and tidal flats and their erosion and migration were the major factors hindering navigation of the Ouchikou diversion of Dongting Lake. In addition, the scattered submerged shoals in the navigation channel restricted the width of the 4.5 m channel to less than 200 m. The reach affected by the Dongting Lake confluence (from Xiongjiazhou–Chenglingji reach) was subject to the erosion and silting of bends and the jacking effect of lake outflow, causing shoals with a water depth of less than 4.5 m in the channel. However, the jacking effect slowed the current, thereby assisting in improving channel conditions.
Design, Synthesis and Application of Chemically Modified Amberlite XAD‐2 for Separation and Preconcentration of Pb(II)
Authors: Gupta Ashu , Kumar Vinod , Mittal Sachin , Sharma Rakesh Kumar
Published: January 2023

A highly selective, efficient, green analytical method was developed to separate and preconcentrate trace amounts of lead from aqueous samples using gallic acid‐immobilized Amberlite XAD‐2. The method was designed by determining the stability constant of the Pb‐GA complex and plotting the chemical speciation diagram, which indicated strong complexation of Pb(II) with GA (log βPb‐GA=9.50). The species distribution curve for the Pb‐GA complex indicates almost 98 % complexation, forming Pb‐GA as the predominant species. Considering the strong interaction of GA toward the lead, GA was immobilized on the polymeric matrix of Amberlite XAD‐2, and the conditions for the uptake of lead from the aqueous solutions were optimized by both batch and column methods. The sorption capacity and concentration factor of modified Amberlite XAD‐2 for Pb(II) were found to be 4554 μg g−1 and100 respectively. The method was employed for the determination of lead in various wastewater samples. Molecular modeling studies were also performed on GA‐immobilized Amberlite XAD‐2 to determine the active structure of GA on the surface.
A Detailed Review on C‐Fused Furan/3,4‐Fused Furan Analog and its Potential Applications
Authors: Manna Susanta Kumar , Giri Soumen , Mondal Sampa , Sana Rabindra Nath , Samal Aroop Kumar , Mandal Arabinda
Published: January 2023

c‐fused furan and their derivatives are widely used as essential components of agrochemicals, bioregulators, dyes, essential skin and hair oils, cosmetics, flavouring agents, photosensitizers in industry and also show a broad range of biological activity. To the best of our knowledge, as of yet, no review has been published that covers the entire synthetic pathway leading to the formation of just c‐fused or 3, 4‐fused furans. In this review, we outline the various pathways for bicyclic, tricyclic, and polycyclic c‐fused furans, along with their detailed mechanisms, concrete examples, and biological activity. We have focused particularly on the synthetic route to medicine, natural products, and their analogues, such as c‐fused furanoditerpenes isospongiadiol, radermachol, a potential folk medicine ingredient, furo[3,4]quinolin‐4(5H)‐ones core, an inhibitor of lymphoma, bhimamycin B, hibiscone‐c core moiety of antibiotic lactonamycin, and analogue of natural product furanether A/ furanether B. Previous approaches and recent methods are described including metal‐free, transition metal, bio‐catalyst, and multi‐substrate approaches with mechanisms. The review covers the literature for more than six decades and presents an overview of the synthesis of different c‐fused furans and their utility in various disciplines such as synthetic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and drug discovery.
Electrochemical Oxidative Selenation of 4H‐Pyrido‐[1,2‐a]‐pyrimidin‐4‐ones with Diorganyldiselenides
Authors: Chen Jinyang , Xiao Yao , You Xianhui , Li Shiqi , Fu Yuwei , Ouyang Yuejun
Published: January 2023

An environmentally friendly protocol for the synthesis of C3‐selenylated 4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones was developed via the electrochemical oxidation, iodide‐catalyzed selenation of 4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones with diaryl (alkyl) diselenides under oxidant‐ and external electrolyte‐free conditions. Only by using 10 mol % of KI as catalyst and electrolyte, the selenation can proceed efficiently, and give corresponding products in good to excellent yields, avoiding the use of excess oxidant or iodinated reagents.
Effects of Calcium Substitution for La on the Electrochemical Performance of LaMnO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Dong Song‐Tao , Jin Xiaoyun , Ye Xin , Wei Junlin , Wang Lei , Zhang Ya‐Mei
Published: January 2023

With the advantages of short charging and discharging times, high power density, and long cycle life, supercapacitors are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage devices and have garnered massive attention in the field of energy storage. This paper prepared La1−xCaxMnO3 (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles by the sol‐gel method. The microstructure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the samples were characterized. The results depict that La0.85Ca0.15MnO3 has a low charge transfer resistance (0.19 Ω) and a large specific surface area (38.79 m2 g−1). The maximum specific capacitance of the La0.85Ca0.15MnO3 sample reached 248 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, which is ascribable to its large specific surface area and high oxygen vacancy concentration. The anion‐intercalation mechanism was investigated by the charging and discharging process. The above results depict that Ca‐doping significantly enhances the electrochemical performance of LaMnO3 system.
Quantum Sieving Effects of Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5 and Effective Separation Performance of Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5@γ‐Al2O3 for H2/D2
Authors: Chen Nan , Chen Xiaoxiao , Ping Enming , Zhang Lijuan , Zhou Yunshan
Published: January 2023

The MOF Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5 was selected as the hydrogen isotope separation material in this paper and the separation mechanism of this material was investigated by molecular simulation. Theoretical calculations proved that Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5 had chemical affinity quantum sieving (CAQS) effect and kinetic quantum sieving (KQS) effect. Because the adsorption capacity of D2 in Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5 was larger than H2 and the diffusion rate was smaller than H2 at 77 K, Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5 could realize the separation of hydrogen and deuterium in gas chromatography. Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5@γ‐Al2O3 composite was prepared by liquid phase epitaxy method as gas chromatographic packings (column type: 0.6 m×2.0 mm I.D.) to investigate the separation performance of H2/D2 at 77 K. Under the optimal chromatographic conditions, the retention time of H2 and D2 were 1.95 and 3.48 min respectively and the resolution (R) was 2.12, indicating that the separation of H2 and D2 could be realized efficiently and quickly by using Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5@γ‐Al2O3.
Highly conductive and tough double‐network hydrogels for smart electronics
Authors: Zhang Dong , Tang Yijing , Gong Xiong , Chang Yung , Zheng Jie
Published: January 2023

Development and understanding of highly mechanically robust and electronically conducting hydrogels are extremely important for ever‐increasing energy‐based applications. Conventional mixing/blending of conductive additives with hydrophilic polymer network prevents both high mechanical strength and electronic conductivity to be presented in polymer hydrogels. Here, we proposed a double‐network (DN) engineering strategy to fabricate PVA/PPy DN hydrogels, consisting of a conductive PPy‐PA network via in‐situ ultrafast gelation and a tough PVA network via a subsequent freezing/thawing process. The resultant PVA/PPy hydrogels exhibited superior mechanical and electrochemical properties, including electrical conductivity of ~6.8 S/m, mechanical strength of ~0.39 MPa, and elastic moduli of ~0.1 MPa. Upon further transformation of PVA/PPy hydrogels into supercapacitors, they demonstrated a high capacitance of ~280.7 F/g and a cycle life of 2000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles with over 94.3% capacity retention at the current density of 2 mA/cm2 and even subzero temperatures of −20 °C. Such enhanced mechanical performance and electronic conductivity of hydrogels are mainly stemmed from a synergistic combination of continuous electrically conductive PPy‐PA network and the two interpenetrating DN structure. This in‐situ gelation strategy is applicable to the integration of ionic‐/electrical‐conductive materials into DN hydrogels for smart‐soft electronics, beyond the most commonly used PEDOT:PSS‐based hydrogels.
Ambipolar Behavior of a Cu(II)–Porphyrin Derivative in Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Cuesta Virginia , Vartanian Maida , Kumar Singh Manish , Singhal Rahul , de la Cruz Pilar , Sharma Ganesh D. , Langa Fernando
Published: January 2023

Ternary architecture is a promising strategy to achieve high efficiency in organic solar cells. The alignment of third‐component frontier orbitals with those of donor and acceptor (D and A) is of essential importance. Herein, a new molecule VC11, consisting of a Cu(II)–porphyrin core linked to dicyanovinylene terminal acceptor units through (E)‐1,2‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl) ethene bridges, is described. The highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital values of VC11 are −5.52 and −3.74 eV, respectively, lying between the corresponding values of PBDB‐T donor and Y6 acceptor, compounds used in the construction of the studied devices. The measured electron and hole mobilities reveal similar values, in the order of 10−4 cm2 Vs−1, indicating the ambipolarity of VC11, that can be used as donor or acceptor. The organic solar cells (OSCs) based on PBDB‐T:VC11, VC11:Y6, and PBDB‐T:Y6 show power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 10.84%, 7.89%, and 11.98%, respectively. VC11 is utilized along with PBDB‐T and Y6 to form a ternary active layer for assembling bulk heterojunction OSCs affording a remarkable PCE of 15.25%, significantly higher than those obtained for the corresponding binary devices. This enhancement of PCE originates from the additional charge separation offered by a cascaded energy‐level alignment and a fast charge transfer, due the ambipolarity of VC11.
Trend in biodegradable porous nanomaterials for anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Le Bao Quang Gia , Doan Tan Le Hoang
Published: January 2023

In recent years, biodegradable nanomaterials have exhibited remarkable promise for drug administration to tumors due to their high drug‐loading capacity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and clearance. This review will discuss and summarize the trends in utilizing biodegradable nanomaterials for anticancer drug delivery, including biodegradable periodic mesoporous organosilicas (BPMOs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The distinct structure and features of BPMOs and MOFs will be initially evaluated, as well as their use as delivery vehicles for anticancer drug delivery applications. Then, the themes for the development of each material will be utilized to illustrate their drug delivery performance. Finally, the current obstacles and potential for future development as efficient drug delivery systems will be thoroughly reviewed.

This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Estimating population size of red‐footed boobies using distance sampling and drone photography
Authors: Espíndola Walter D. , Cruz‐Mendoza Alberto , Garrastazú Aralcy , Nieves Miguel A. , F. Rivera‐Milán Frank , Carlo Tomás A.
Published: January 2023

The red‐footed booby (Sula sula) is one of the most common pantropical seabird species, but its populations have been declining in the Caribbean region and elsewhere. We used distance sampling from point‐counts to estimate population size of red‐footed boobies in Mona Island, Puerto Rico, USA, before and during the breeding season in 2019. We compared results from early morning and early night surveys to determine the best survey time given that many individuals are foraging at sea during the daylight hours but not at night. We also examined the suitability of drone photography to survey active nests (a measure of breeding pairs) and compared it to point count and transect survey data. Point count surveys show that an estimated 6,130 birds occupied the colony, which is more than double previous estimates for Mona Island. Our results also showed that to avoid underestimates, red‐footed booby colonies are best surveyed at night as they yield higher bird densities than daytime surveys. For the same reason, daytime photographic surveys with a drone underestimated population size compared to nighttime point‐count surveys. However, drones were more effective than ground surveys in detecting active nests, and thus breeding pairs, which provides a better estimate of the resident population of a colony. We recommend that nighttime surveys are tailored to site‐specific conditions to improve estimates of red‐footed boobies, while drones can save significant effort and time in monitoring numbers of active nests in the remote and rugged islands where red‐footed boobies typically nest.
Conservation easements: A tool for preserving wildlife habitat on private lands
Authors: Brown Sarah A. , Rotman Robin M. , Powell Michael A. , Wilhelm Stanis Sonja A.
Published: January 2023

Conservation easements are an essential tool for conserving private lands, and they have great potential for enhancing wildlife habitat and biodiversity. Private land conservation in the United States is likely to increase in the coming years, in light of Executive Order No. 14,008, issued by President Joseph Biden on January 27, 2021, which set a goal of conserving at least 30% of U.S. lands and waters by 2030 (Executive Office of the President 2021). There is, therefore, a need to evaluate the effect of conservation easements on wildlife habitat and biodiversity and to make recommendations for further enhancing the effectiveness of easements. Herein we propose a shift from primarily negative clauses and restrictive language to a more affirmative approach, developing language to proactively improve management of properties under conservation easement in order to maximize benefits to wildlife and ecosystems. In addition, we identify areas for further research on landowner perceptions and experiences regarding conservation easements.
Where Gods Dwell? Part II: Embodied Cognition Approach and Children’s Drawings of Gods
Authors: Dandarova-Robert Zhargalma , Cocco Christelle , Dessart Grégory , Brandt Pierre-Yves
Published: January 2023

Empirical demonstrations of the embodied and grounded cognition approach, involving diverse areas and phenomena, have increased exponentially in recent years. However, little research has been done in the religious domain. To the best of our knowledge, no study based on this theoretical framework has explored spatial dimension in pictorial representation of the divine in children’s drawings or in religious art in general. The present study represents the very first attempt to investigate if and how spatiality is involved in the way children depict the divine in their drawings. Drawings collected from four groups of participants (n = 1156, ages 6–15) characterized by different cultural and religious environments: Japanese (Buddhism and Shinto), Russian-Buryat (Buddhism, Shamanism), Russian Slavic (Christian Orthodoxy), and French-speaking Swiss (Catholic and reformed Christianity) were annotated using the Gauntlet annotation tool and then analysed. The main result indicates that children from all four groups generally depict god (the centre of the annotated representation) in the upper part of their drawings. Further testing indicates that the type of composition (for instance, god depicted alone or as standing on the ground where the sky is also depicted) did not serve as a major influence on the child’s placement of god.
Finding Allies in Pandemic Times: Documentary Film Festivals and Streaming Platforms
Authors: Vallejo Aida , Taillibert Christel
Published: January 2023

This chapter analyzes the collaboration between documentary film festivals and streaming platforms before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our study of collaborative practices revolves around the concepts of reciprocity and strategic alliances, developed within Anthropology and Management Studies. We focus on two pioneer streaming platforms, which are initiatives of documentary distribution created by or with film festivals. In our first case study, DAFilms (originated from an alliance of seven European documentary festivals), we analyze why a video-on-demand (VOD) platform born out of a festival alliance was not necessarily the preferred streaming option for all its partners during the pandemic. In our second case study, Tënk (an initiative born out of the French festival États généraux du film documentaire), we focus on curatorial strategies and explain how the shift to new collaborative models brought up by the pandemic didn’t work in the long term. By contrasting the discourses of the representatives of film platforms and festivals before and during the pandemic, we identify key factors that contributed to the success or failure of their alliances. We identify an increase in exchange between festivals and platforms, and a determination of many festivals to maintain hybrid online and onsite activities in the future, within their own and other VOD platforms.
Curating Our Own Space: A Conversation on Online Queer Film Exhibition and Adult Queer Cinema
Authors: Olson Jenni , Lee Jiz
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses various queer film festivals and their experimentations with online screenings. This interview was organized and moderated by Jenni Olson, an American film curator, filmmaker, author, and LGBT film historian who created one of the earliest online queer film festivals, PopcornQ, in 1994. In discussing past attempts at creating online queer festivals and the evolution of streaming technologies, this chapter provides a useful genealogical precedent to contemporary online festivals as they relate to shifting notions of the digital utopia.
Quaternion lattices and quaternion fields
Authors: Schmid Peter
Published: January 2023

Let $$Q_8$$

Q
8

be the quaternion group of order 8 and $${\chi }$$
χ
its faithful irreducible character. Then $${\chi }$$
χ
can be realized over certain imaginary quadratic number fields $$K={\mathbb Q}\bigl (\sqrt{-N}\bigr )$$

K
=
Q

(

-
N

)

but not over their rings of integers (Feit, Serre); here N is a positive square-free integer. We show that this happens precisely when $${\mathbb Q}\bigl (\sqrt{N}\bigr )$$

Q

(

N

)

but not $${\mathbb Q}\bigl (\sqrt{2}, \sqrt{N}\bigr )$$

Q

(

2

,

N

)

can be embedded into a $$Q_8$$

Q
8

-field over the rationals (Galois with group $$Q_8$$

Q
8

) and N is not a sum of two integer squares. In particular, we get that $${\chi }$$
χ
cannot be integrally realized if N is (properly) divisible by some prime $$q\equiv 7\,({\textrm{mod}\,}8)$$

q
≡
7

(

mod

8
)

.
Rab26 controls secretory granule maturation and breakdown in Drosophila
Authors: Boda Attila , Varga Luca Petra , Nagy Anikó , Szenci Győző , Csizmadia Tamás , Lőrincz Péter , Juhász Gábor
Published: January 2023

At the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis, plenty of secretory glue granules are released from salivary gland cells and the glue is deposited on the ventral side of the forming (pre)pupa to attach it to a dry surface. Prior to this, a poorly understood maturation process takes place during which secretory granules gradually grow via homotypic fusions, and their contents are reorganized. Here we show that the small GTPase Rab26 localizes to immature (smaller, non-acidic) glue granules and its presence prevents vesicle acidification. Rab26 mutation accelerates the maturation, acidification and release of these secretory vesicles as well as the lysosomal breakdown (crinophagy) of residual, non-released glue granules. Strikingly, loss of Mon1, an activator of the late endosomal and lysosomal fusion factor Rab7, results in Rab26 remaining associated even with the large glue granules and a concomitant defect in glue release, similar to the effects of Rab26 overexpression. Our data thus identify Rab26 as a key regulator of secretory vesicle maturation that promotes early steps (vesicle growth) and inhibits later steps (lysosomal transport, acidification, content reorganization, release, and breakdown), which is counteracted by Mon1.
Thrombotisch-thrombozytopenische Purpura – eine differenzialdiagnostische Herausforderung im Notfall
Authors: Özcan Fedai , Köhrmann Martin , Petros Sirak , Goette Andreas , Bramlage Peter , Bommer Martin , Brokmann Jörg Christian
Published: January 2023

Das Vorliegen einer thrombotisch-thrombozytopenischen Purpura (TTP) als Kombination aus Thrombozytopenie, LDH-Erhöhung und Anämie in Kombination mit einer Organbeteiligung ist eine seltene, aber lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung, die unbehandelt mit einer extrem hohen Letalität in der Akutphase einhergeht. Wir stellen in dem vorliegenden Beitrag den Fall einer 49-jährigen Patientin vor, die mit unklaren abdominellen Beschwerden und subfebrilen Temperaturen stationär aufgenommen wurde, und leiten daraus Empfehlungen für die Notfallsituation ab. Ein erhöhtes Bewusstsein für die Erkrankung und die zielgerichtete weiterführende Diagnostik mit Bestimmung des PLASMIC-Scores bzw. der ADAMTS13-Aktivität führt ggf. direkt zur TTP, deren verzögerte Diagnostik regelhaft zu Sekundärkomplikationen führen würde.
Recent progress of metal–organic frameworks as sensors in (bio)analytical fields: towards real-world applications
Authors: Zuliani Alessio , Khiar Noureddine , Carrillo-Carrión Carolina
Published: January 2023

The deployment of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in a plethora of analytical and bioanalytical applications is a growing research area. Their unique properties such as high but tunable porosity, well-defined channels or pores, and ease of post-synthetic modification to incorporate additional functional units make them ideal candidates for sensing applications. This is possible because the interaction of analytes with a MOF often results in a change in its structure, eventually leading to a modification of the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the MOF which is then transduced into a measurable signal. The high porosity allows for the adsorption of analytes very efficiently, while the tunable pore sizes/nature and/or installation of specific recognition groups allow modulating the affinity towards different classes of compounds, which in turn lead to good sensor sensitivity and selectivity, respectively. Some figures are given to illustrate the potential of MOF-based sensors in the most relevant application fields, and future challenges and opportunities to their possible translation from academia (i.e., laboratory testing of MOF sensing properties) to industry (i.e., real-world analytical sensor devices) are critically discussed.

Graphical abstract
Impact of Fluoro‐Choline PET/CT in Reduction in Failed Parathyroid Localization in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Aphale Rijuta , Damle Nishikant , Chumber Sunil , Khan Maroof , Khadgawat Rajesh , Dharmashaktu Yamini , Agarwal Shipra , Bal Chandrashekhar
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Accurate localization of the pathological parathyroid gland is a prerequisite for minimally invasive surgical management of hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Poor imaging or discordance in odd situations like ectopic adenomas, parathyroid hyperplasia, syndromic HPT results in localization dilemma thus causing failed parathyroidectomy. We studied the impact of Fluoro‐Choline (FCH) PET/CT imaging in reduction in localization failure of parathyroid adenoma.

Materials and methods

We did a retrospective observational study (2018–2021) of HPT among which 97 patients underwent focused parathyroidectomy (FP). All patients had undergone ultrasound imaging and 99mTc‐sestaMIBI scan with early SPECT/CT (MIBI). When this preliminary imaging was doubtful or negative or multiple lesions were expected, FCH PET/CT was performed. We compared the localization accuracy of MIBI scan and FCH PET/CT with surgical outcomes as reference standard.

Results

MIBI scan showed overall lesion detection rate (LDR) of 88.65% in localization of pathological parathyroid gland in 97 patients. The addition of FCH PET/CT improved the overall lesion detection to 97.9%. The overall possible localization failure was reduced from 11.34 to 2.06% with the addition of FCH PET/CT (p < 0.05).

Out of 97 patients of FP, 87 patients showed features of parathyroid adenoma. Single hyperplastic gland was seen in 7 patients, lipoadenoma was seen in 1 patient and 1 patient had features suggestive of parathyroiditis on histopathology. FCH PET/CT was a useful adjunct and showed significant reduction in localization failure of parathyroid adenoma.
Chronische Entzündungserkrankungen in Deutschland
Authors: Leipe Jan , Schmelz Renate , Riemekasten Gabriela , Thaçi Diamant , Henes Jörg , Schäkel Knut , Pinter Andreas , Sticherling Michael , Wegner Joanna , Fusco Stefano , Linke Miriam , Weber Valeria , Manz Karina C. , Bartz Holger , Roecken Marit , Schmidt Sandra , Hoyer Bimba F.
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund

Chronische Entzündungserkrankungen (engl. „immune-mediated inflammatory diseases“ [IMID]) sind mit einer erheblichen Krankheitslast verbunden. Diese ist umso ausgeprägter, sofern diese gleichzeitig bei Patienten auftreten oder z. B. weitere Komorbiditäten bestehen. Die Versorgung der IMID ist komplex und involviert diverse medizinische Fachdisziplinen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Beschreibung der Krankheitslast und der aktuellen Arzneimittelversorgung der Patienten mit IMID.

Material und Methoden

Die retrospektive Querschnittanalyse erfolgte unter Nutzung von Abrechnungsdaten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung der InGef-Datenbank. Unter 3.988.695 Versicherten wurden im Jahr 2018 anhand dokumentierter Diagnosen (ICD-10-GM) prävalente Patienten mit Psoriasis (Pso), Psoriasisarthritis (PsA), Spondyloarthritiden (SpA), rheumatoider Arthritis (RA), Morbus Crohn (MC), Colitis ulcerosa (CU) oder Kollagenosen identifiziert. Das gemeinsame Auftreten verschiedener IMID sowie weiterer Begleiterkrankungen wurde im Vergleich zur Referenzpopulation untersucht. Die medikamentöse Versorgung wurde basierend auf vordefinierten Therapieformen beschrieben.

Ergebnisse

Im Jahr 2018 wurden 188.440 Patienten mit IMID (4,7 %) identifiziert. Im Vergleich zur Referenzpopulation war die Prävalenz von depressiven Episoden und kardiovaskulären Risikoerkrankungen bei Patienten mit IMID höher. Bei MC, CU, RA, und PsA wurden DMARDs (engl. „disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs“) und klassische systemische Therapien am häufigsten eingesetzt. Bei Pso, SpA und Kollagenosen waren NSAR (nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika) die häufigsten Therapieformen oft in Kombination mit anderen Wirkstoffen.

Diskussion

Ein beträchtlicher Anteil der Patienten mit IMIDs (16,9–27,5 %) leidet an unterschiedlichen Erkrankungen des IMID-Formenkreises. Sie sind häufig von Begleiterkrankungen betroffen und bedürfen einer interdisziplinären medizinischen Versorgung.
Early radiographic osseointegration of a novel highly porous 3D-printed titanium collar for megaprostheses compared to a previous generation smooth HA-coated collar
Authors: Haider Thomas , Pagkalos Iosif , Morris Guy , Parry Michael C. , Jeys Lee M.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Extracortical osseointegration at the collar-bone interface of megaprostheses is associated with improved implant stability, lower rates of stem fracture and loosening. The use of hydroxy-apatite (HA-) coated collars showed mixed results in previously published reports. A novel collar system has recently become available utilizing additive manufacturing technology to create a highly porous titanium collar with a calcium-phosphate coated surface. The aim of this study was to evaluate our early experience with this novel collar and compare it to the previously used HA-coated model.

Methods

Twenty patients who underwent megaprostheses implantation utilizing the novel collar system were case matched to 20 patients who had previously undergone a HA-coated collar. A minimum radiological follow-up of three months was available in all included patients. Osseointegration was evaluated using postoperative plain radiographs in two planes based on a previously published semi-quantitative score.

Results

Compared to the HA-coated collar the use of the novel highly porous collar was associated with a higher proportion of cases demonstrating osseointegration at the bone-collar interface (80% vs. 65%). Application of the highly porous collar led to a significantly shortened time to reach the final ongrowth score (173 ± 89 days vs. 299 ± 165 days, p < 0.05). At one year follow-up, 90% of the novel collars had reached their final osseoingration grade compared to 50% in the HA-coated collar group (p < 0.001). Radiological osseointegration was seen in 71% for highly porous collars where the indication was revision arthroplasty, compared to 27% in reported in the literature.

Conclusion

These results indicate more reliable and accelerated osseointegration at the bone-collar interface of a novel highly porous collar system compared to a previously used HA-coated collar. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
A high-efficient and naked-eye visible CRISPR/Cas9 system in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kong Wenwen , Wang Mingliang , Huang Lijuan , Wu Feiyan , Tao Jinyuan , Mo Beixin , Yu Yu
Published: January 2023

Main conclusion

Introducing 35S-dsRED2 into the Cas9 vector which expresses naked-eye visible dsRED2 greatly facilitates the genetic screening, and the WUS promoter driving the Cas9 expression can improve editing efficiency in Arabidopsis.

CRISPR/Cas9-dependent genome editing has been applied to generate random insertions and deletions, targeted insertions or replacements, and precise base changes for both fundamental studies in many plant species and crop improvement. To simplify the screening procedure for target gene-edited transformants, we introduced a CaMV 35S-driven dsRED2 cassette (35S-dsRED2) into the Cas9 vector to express the naked-eye visible protein dsRED2, which can be observed under white light, greatly facilitated the genetic screening and reduced labor intensity without using any instrument. In addition, the WUS promoter was used to drive the expression of Cas9, which successfully improved the target genes editing efficiency and enabled the homozygous mutagenesis of two genes in T1 generation in Arabidopsis. Considering the conserved function and expression pattern of WUS across the plant species, this dsRED2-WUS/Cas9 system could also be used in many crops.
Populational heterogeneity and partial migratory origin of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus: genoarchitectonic analysis in the mouse
Authors: López-González Lara , Martínez-de-la-Torre Margaret , Puelles Luis
Published: January 2023

The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) is one of the most distinctive hypothalamic tuberal structures, subject of numerous classic and modern functional studies. Commonly, the adult VMH has been divided in several portions, attending to differences in cell aggregation, cell type, connectivity, and function. Consensus VMH partitions in the literature comprise the dorsomedial (VMHdm), and ventrolateral (VMHvl) subnuclei, which are separated by an intermediate or central (VMHc) population (topographic names based on the columnar axis). However, some recent transcriptome analyses have identified a higher number of different cell types in the VMH, suggesting additional subdivisions, as well as the possibility of separate origins. We offer a topologic and genoarchitectonic developmental study of the mouse VMH complex using the prosomeric axis as a reference. We analyzed genes labeling specific VMH subpopulations, with particular focus upon the Nkx2.2 transcription factor, a marker of the alar-basal boundary territory of the prosencephalon, from where some cells seem to migrate dorsoventrally into VMH. We also identified separate neuroepithelial origins of a Nr2f1-positive subpopulation, and a new Six3-positive component, as well as subtle differences in origin of Nr5a1 positive versus Nkx2.2-positive cell populations entering dorsoventrally the VMH. Several of these migrating cell types are born in the dorsal tuberal domain and translocate ventralwards to reach the intermediate tuberal domain, where the adult VMH mass is located in the adult. This work provides a more detailed area map on the intrinsic organization of the postmigratory VMH complex, helpful for deeper functional studies of this basal hypothalamic entity.
Postnatal growth and body composition in extremely low birth weight infants fed with individually adjusted fortified human milk: a cohort study
Authors: Perrin Tania , Pradat Pierre , Larcade Julie , Masclef-Imbert Marion , Pastor-Diez Blandine , Picaud Jean-Charles
Published: January 2023

This cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of an individualised nutritional care approach combining standardised fortification with adjustable fortification on postnatal growth and body composition in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. We included ELBW infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit and still hospitalised at 35 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The fortification of human milk was standardised (multicomponent fortifier) between 70 mL/kg/day and full enteral feeding, and then individualised using adjustable fortification. When weight gain was below 20 g/kg/day, protein or energy was added when serum urea was below or above 3.5 mmol/L, respectively. Postnatal growth failure (PNGF) was defined as being small for gestational age at discharge and/or when the Z-score loss between birth and discharge was higher than 1. Body composition was assessed between 35 and 41 weeks of PMA. Among the 310 ELBW infants included, the gestational age of birth was 26.7 ± 1.8 weeks, and the birth weight was 800 ± 128 g. The mean Z-score difference between birth and discharge was moderately negative for the weight (−0.32), more strongly negative for length (−1.21), and almost nil for head circumference (+ 0.03). Only 27% of infants presented PNGF. At discharge, fat mass was 19.8 ± 3.6%. Multivariable analysis showed that the proportion of preterm formula received and gestational age at birth were independently associated with the percentage of fat mass.

  Conclusion: The individualised nutritional care approach applied herein prevented postnatal weight loss in most infants, limited length growth deficit, and supported excellent head circumference growth.

What is Known:• At least half of extremely low birth weight infants are small for gestational age at discharge and postnatal growth deficit has been associated with impaired neurocognitive and renal development.• Human milk is the main milk used in neonatology and, although fortification of human milk is a standard of care, there is no consensus regarding the optimal fortification strategy to be adopted.

What is New:• Using an approach combining standardised fortification followed by individualised adjustable fortification limited postnatal growth deficit for body weight and head circumference. Postnatal growth failure is not a fatality in extremely low birth weight infants.• Each additional gestational age week at birth resulted in a decrease in fat mass percentage at discharge, which was higher than in foetuses of the same gestational age, likely representing a necessary adaptation to extra-uterine life.
Spatio-temporal stochastic differential equations for crime incidence modeling
Authors: Calatayud Julia , Jornet Marc , Mateu Jorge
Published: January 2023

We propose a methodology for the quantitative fitting and forecasting of real spatio-temporal crime data, based on stochastic differential equations. The analysis is focused on the city of Valencia, Spain, for which 90247 robberies and thefts with their latitude-longitude positions are available for a span of eleven years (2010–2020) from records of the 112-emergency phone. The incidents are placed in the 26 zip codes of the city (46001–46026), and monthly time series of crime are built for each of the zip codes. Their annual-trend components are modeled by Itô diffusion, with jointly correlated noises to account for district-level relations. In practice, this study may help simulate spatio-temporal situations and identify risky areas and periods from present and past data.
On the Controllability of Entropy Solutions of Scalar Conservation Laws at a Junction via Lyapunov Methods
Authors: De Nitti Nicola , Zuazua Enrique
Published: January 2023

In this note, we prove a controllability result for entropy solutions of scalar conservation laws on a star-shaped graph. Using a Lyapunov-type approach, we show that, under a monotonicity assumption on the flux, if u and v are two entropy solutions corresponding to different initial data and same in-flux boundary data (at the exterior nodes of the star-shaped graph), then u ≡ v for a sufficiently large time. In order words, we can drive u to the target profile v in a sufficiently large control time by inputting the trace of v at the exterior nodes as in-flux boundary data for u. This result can also be shown to hold on tree-shaped networks by an inductive argument. We illustrate the result with some numerical simulations.