bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian approach to a generalized inherent optical property model
Authors: Erickson Zachary K. , McKinna Lachlan , Werdell P. Jeremy , Cetinić Ivona
Published: May 2023

Relationships between the absorption and backscattering coefficients of marine optical constituents and ocean color, or remote sensing reflectances R
rs
(λ), can be used to predict the concentrations of these constituents in the upper water column. Standard inverse modeling techniques that minimize error between the modeled and observed R
rs
(λ) break down when the number of products retrieved becomes similar to, or greater than, the number of different ocean color wavelengths measured. Furthermore, most conventional ocean reflectance inversion approaches, such as the default configuration of NASA’s Generalized Inherent Optical Properties algorithm framework (GIOP-DC), require a priori definitions of absorption and backscattering spectral shapes. A Bayesian approach to GIOP is implemented here to address these limitations, where the retrieval algorithm minimizes both the error in retrieved ocean color and the deviation from prior knowledge, calculated using output from a mixture of empirically-derived and best-fit values. The Bayesian approach offers potential to produce an expanded range of parameters related to the spectral shape of absorption and backscattering spectra.
Experimental investigation of nanosecond laser-induced shock waves in water using multiple excitation beams
Authors: Yang Zhi , Bao Hengzhu , Dai Lunan , Zhang Hongchao , Lu Jian
Published: May 2023

Revealing the expansion and interaction dynamics of multiple shock waves induced by a nanosecond laser is important for controlling laser surgery. However, the dynamic evolution of shock waves is a complex and ultrafast process, making it difficult to determine the specific laws. In this study, we conducted an experimental investigation into the formation, propagation, and interaction of underwater shock waves that are induced by nanosecond laser pulses. The effective energy carried by the shock wave is quantified by the Sedov-Taylor model fitting with experimental results. Numerical simulations with an analytic model using the distance between adjacent breakdown locations as input and effective energy as fit parameters provide insights into experimentally not accessible shock wave emission and parameters. A semi-empirical model is used to describe the pressure and temperature behind the shock wave taking into account the effective energy. The results of our analysis demonstrate that shock waves exhibit asymmetry in both their transverse and longitudinal velocity and pressure distributions. In addition, we compared the effect of the distance between adjacent excitation positions on the shock wave emission process. Furthermore, utilizing multi-point excitation offers a flexible approach to delve deeper into the physical mechanisms that cause optical tissue damage in nanosecond laser surgery, leading to a better comprehension of the subject.
Design of achromatic hybrid metalens with secondary spectrum correction
Authors: Chu Yanhao , Xiao Xingjian , Ye Xin , Chen Chen , Zhu Shining , Li Tao
Published: May 2023

Metasurface can be used in combination with singlet refractive lens to eliminate chromaticity, in which the metasurface usually works as a dispersion compensator. Such a kind of hybrid lens, however, usually has residual dispersion due to the limit of meta unit library. Here, we demonstrate a design method that considers the refraction element and metasurface together as a whole to achieve large scale achromatic hybrid lens with no residual dispersion. The tradeoff between the meta-unit library and the characteristics of resulting hybrid lenses is also discussed in detail. As a proof of concept, a centimeter scale achromatic hybrid lens is realized, which shows significant advantages over refractive lenses and hybrid lenses designed by previous methods. Our strategy would provide guidance for designing high-performance macroscopic achromatic metalenses.
Experimental observation of linear pulses affected by high-order dispersion
Authors: Hariharan Dhruv , de Sterke C. Martijn , Runge Antoine F. J.
Published: May 2023

We experimentally study the linear propagation of optical pulses affected by high-order dispersion. We use a programmable spectral pulse-shaper that applies a phase that equals that which would result from dispersive propagation. The temporal intensity profiles of the pulses are characterized using phase-resolved measurements. Our results are in very good agreement with previous numerical and theoretical results, confirming that for high dispersion orders m the central part of the pulses follow the same evolution, with m only determining the rate of evolution.
Ultraviolet metalens for photoacoustic microscopy with an elongated depth of focus
Authors: Zhao Yuting , Guo Changkui , Zhang Yuquan , Song Wei , Min Changjun , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: May 2023

Ultraviolet photoacoustic microscopy (UV-PAM) can achieve in vivo imaging without exogenous markers and play an important role in pathological diagnosis. However, traditional UV-PAM is unable to detect enough photoacoustic signals due to the very limited depth of focus (DOF) of excited light and the sharp decrease in energy with increasing sample depth. Here, we design a millimeter-scale UV metalens based on the extended Nijboer–Zernike wavefront-shaping theory which can effectively extend the DOF of a UV-PAM system to about 220 μm while maintaining a good lateral resolution of 1.063 μm. To experimentally verify the performance of the UV metalens, a UV-PAM system is built to achieve the volume imaging of a series of tungsten filaments at different depths. This work demonstrates the great potential of the proposed metalens-based UV-PAM in the detection of accurate diagnostic information for clinicopathologic imaging.
Time-domain full-field optical coherence tomography with digital confocal line scanning
Authors: Rutkauskas Danielis , Auksorius Egidijus
Published: May 2023

Full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) is a camera-based interferometric microscopy technique that can image deep in tissue with high spatial resolution. However, the absence of confocal gating leads to suboptimal imaging depth. Here, we implement digital confocal line scanning in time-domain FF-OCT by exploiting the row-by-row detection feature of a rolling-shutter camera. A digital micromirror device (DMD) is used in conjunction with the camera to produce synchronized line illumination. An improvement in the SNR by an order of magnitude is demonstrated on a sample of a US Air Force (USAF) target mounted behind a scattering layer.
Single-pulse, reference-free, spatiotemporal characterization of ultrafast laser pulse beams via broadband ptychography
Authors: Goldberger David , Barolak Jonathan , Schmidt David , Ivanic Bojana , Schrama Claudia A. M. , Car Christopher , Larsen Rhiannon , Durfee Charles G. , Adams Daniel E.
Published: May 2023

Ultrafast laser pulse beams are four-dimensional, space–time phenomena that can exhibit complicated, coupled spatial and temporal profiles. Tailoring the spatiotemporal profile of an ultrafast pulse beam is necessary to optimize the focused intensity and to engineer exotic spatiotemporally shaped pulse beams. Here we demonstrate a single-pulse, reference-free spatiotemporal characterization technique based on two colocated synchronized measurements: (1) broadband single-shot ptychography and (2) single-shot frequency resolved optical gating. We apply the technique to measure the nonlinear propagation of an ultrafast pulse beam through a fused silica window. Our spatiotemporal characterization method represents a major contribution to the growing field of spatiotemporally engineered ultrafast laser pulse beams.
Enhanced magnetic modulation of surface plasmon polaritons on hyperbolic metasurfaces
Authors: Kuzmin Dmitry A. , Usik Maksim O. , Bychkov Igor V. , Bugaev Aleksandr S. , Shavrov Vladimir G. , Temnov Vasily V.
Published: May 2023

In this Letter we demonstrate a fundamentally new, to the best of our knowledge, concept to enhance the magnetic modulation of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) by using hybrid magneto-plasmonic structures consisting of hyperbolic plasmonic metasurfaces and magnetic dielectric substrates. Our results show that the magnetic modulation of SPPs in the proposed structures can be an order of magnitude stronger than in the hybrid metal-ferromagnet multilayer structures conventionally used in active magneto-plasmonics. We believe that this effect will allow for the further miniaturization of magneto-plasmonic devices.
Phylogenetic and biogeographical traits predict unrecognized hosts of zoonotic leishmaniasis
Authors: Glidden Caroline K. , Murran Aisling Roya , Silva Rafaella Albuquerque , Castellanos Adrian A. , Han Barbara A. , Mordecai Erin A.
Published: May 2023

The spatio-temporal distribution of leishmaniasis, a parasitic vector-borne zoonotic disease, is significantly impacted by land-use change and climate warming in the Americas. However, predicting and containing outbreaks is challenging as the zoonoticLeishmaniasystem is highly complex: leishmaniasis (visceral, cutaneous and muco-cutaneous) in humans is caused by up to 14 differentLeishmaniaspecies, and the parasite is transmitted by dozens of sandfly species and is known to infect almost twice as many wildlife species. Despite the already broad known host range, new hosts are discovered almost annually andLeishmaniatransmission to humans occurs in absence of a known host. As such, the full range ofLeishmaniahosts is undetermined, inhibiting the use of ecological interventions to limit pathogen spread and the ability to accurately predict the impact of global change on disease risk. Here, we employed a machine learning approach to generate trait profiles of known zoonoticLeishmaniawildlife hosts (mammals that are naturally exposed and susceptible to infection) and used trait-profiles of known hosts to identify potentially unrecognized hosts. We found that biogeography, phylogenetic distance, and study effort best predictedLeishmaniahost status. Traits associated with global change, such as agricultural land-cover, urban land-cover, and climate, were among the top predictors of host status. Most notably, our analysis suggested that zoonoticLeishmaniahosts are significantly undersampled, as our model predicted just as many unrecognized hosts as unknown hosts. Overall, our analysis facilitates targeted surveillance strategies and improved understanding of the impact of environmental change on local transmission cycles.
Development of a novel hand cleansing product for low-income contexts: The case of tab soap
Authors: Brial Edward , Aunger Robert , Muangi Winnie Costancia , Baxter Weston
Published: May 2023

Handwashing with soap is a widely advocated public health measure, but seldom practiced, partly because it is often difficult (especially outside of rich Western country contexts) to make both soap and water readily available in relevant situations. This study used both Behaviour Centred Design and Human Centred Design to guide development of a novel hand cleansing technology appropriate for the context of post-toilet hand cleansing in resource-poor societies. Extensive prototyping and field testing resulted in the pilot production of ‘tab’ soap, a small but durable single-use, decomposable substrate embedded with soap. It can be produced in dispenser roll or tear-off formats. With this affordable solution, one may use soap without worrying about contamination pretty much anytime and anywhere. A small-scale field test showed that all poor households in rural and peri-urban areas in Tanzania included in the proof-of-concept study (N = 12 households) would use the product reliably over the medium term. Tab soap awaits full-scale production and marketing but could make hand cleansing a more popular practice around the world.
The relationship between a plant-based diet and mental health: Evidence from a cross-sectional multicentric community trial (LIPOKAP study)
Authors: Haghighatdoost Fahimeh , Mahdavi Atena , Mohammadifard Noushin , Hassannejad Razieh , Najafi Farid , Farshidi Hossein , Lotfizadeh Masoud , Kazemi Tooba , Karimi Simin , Roohafza Hamidreza , Silveira Erika Aparecida , Sarrafzadegan Nizal , de Oliveira Cesar
Published: May 2023

Background

Dietary patterns emphasizing plant foods might be neuroprotective and exert health benefits on mental health. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the association between a plant-based dietary index and mental health measures.

Objective

This study sought to examine the association between plant-based dietary indices, depression and anxiety in a large multicentric sample of Iranian adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed in a sample of 2,033 participants. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intakes of participants. Three versions of PDI including an overall PDI, a healthy PDI (hPDI), and an unhealthy PDI (uPDI) were created. The presence of anxiety and depression was examined via a validated Iranian version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Results

PDI and hPDI were not associated to depression and anxiety after adjustment for potential covariates (age, sex, energy, marital status, physical activity level and smoking). However, in the crude model, the highest consumption of uPDI approximately doubled the risk of depression (OR= 2.07, 95% CI: 1.49, 2.87; P<0.0001) and increased the risk of anxiety by almost 50% (OR= 1.56, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.14; P= 0.001). Adjustment for potential confounders just slightly changed the associations (OR for depression in the fourth quartile= 1.96; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.85, and OR for anxiety in the fourth quartile= 1.53; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.19).

Conclusions

An unhealthy plant-based dietary index is associated with a higher risk of depression and anxiety, while plant-based dietary index and healthy plant-based dietary index were not associated to depression and anxiety.
The effect of seasonality in predicting the level of crime. A spatial perspective
Authors: Delgado Rosario , Sánchez-Delgado Héctor
Published: May 2023

This paper presents an innovative methodology to study the application ofseasonality(the existence of cyclical patterns) to help predict the level of crime. This methodology combines the simplicity of entropy-based metrics that describe temporal patterns of a phenomenon, on the one hand, and the predictive power of machine learning on the other. First, the classical Colwell’s metricsPredictabilityandContingencyare used to measure different aspects ofseasonalityin a geographical unit. Second, if those metrics turn out to be significantly different from zero, supervised machine learning classification algorithms are built, validated and compared, to predict the level of crime based on the time unit. The methodology is applied to a case study in Barcelona (Spain), withmonthas the unit of time, andmunicipal districtas the geographical unit, the city being divided into 10 of them, from a set of property crime data covering the period 2010-2018. The results show that (a) Colwell’s metrics are significantly different from zero in all municipal districts, (b) the month of the year is a good predictor of the level of crime, and (c) Naive Bayes is the most competitive classifier, among those who have been tested. The districts can be ordered using the Naive Bayes, based on the strength of the month as a predictor for each of them. Surprisingly, this order coincides with that obtained usingContingency. This fact is very revealing, given the apparent disconnection between entropy-based metrics and machine learning classifiers.
Exploring the benefits of full-time hospital facility dogs working with nurse handlers in a children’s hospital
Authors: Murata-Kobayashi Natsuko , Suzuki Keiko , Morita Yuko , Minobe Harumi , Mizumoto Atsushi , Seto Shiro
Published: May 2023

Objective

To examine the benefits of full-time hospital facility dogs (HFDs) working with qualified nurse handlers for inpatients in a pediatric medical facility.

Methods

A questionnaire survey on the evaluation of HFD activities was conducted in a hospital that had introduced HFDs for the first time in Japan and has been using them for 9 years. Of the 626 full-time medical staff, 431 responded, of which 270 who observed HFD activities were included in the analysis. The Questionnaire contained 20 questions, and nine questions were selected for presentation in this paper because they focused on the situations in which HFD activities were thought to have a strong impact on inpatients. A comparison of the respondents’ evaluations for each question was made, and differences in the respondents’ attributes (such as profession, length of clinical experience and experience of dog ownership) for those items were examined.

Results

The impact of HFDs in terminal care was ranked highest among the respondents. Similarly, HFDs increased patient cooperation for clinical procedures. The responses to these two items did not differ statistically depending on the respondents’ attributes. The results imply that patients were more cooperative even for highly invasive examinations and procedures with the support of HFD activities.

Conclusions

Healthcare providers considered that HFDs were useful, especially for providing support during the terminal phase and for gaining patients’ cooperation for procedures. The fact that the handler was a nurse and the HFD team worked full-time may have enhanced the effectiveness of the program.
Production of 17 strains of edible mushroom grown on corn stover and its effect on the chemical composition and ruminal in vitro digestibility of the residual substrate
Authors: Lorenzana-Moreno Angélica Valeria , Leal Lara Hermilo , Corona Luis , Granados Omar , Márquez-Mota Claudia C.
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production (P) (g of fresh mushrooms /bag) and biological efficiency (BE) (g of fresh mushrooms per 100 g of dry substrate) of 17 fungal strains, namely Pleurotus ostreatus Po-IAP, Po-P38, Po-P14, Po-IE202, Po-Sfco, Po-JP, Po-Psma, and Po-POS, Pleurotus djamour Pd-PRO and Pd-UTMR, Pleurotus eryngii Pe-MB and Pe-PQ, Lentinula edodes L15, L9, L5, and LC, and Hericium erinaceus Heri, produced in corn stover (CS) and to assess the content of crude protein (CP), lignin (L), cellulose, hemicellulose, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) of the residual substrate of CS, the so called spent mushroom substrate (SMS), in comparison to the non-inoculated substrate (C). The variables were analyzed as a completely randomized block design using R 4.0.3 software. Means were compared using Tukey’s procedure. The Pleurotus spp. strains, compared to Lentinula spp. and Hericium spp., presented better BE and P. In comparison to C, the SMS increased the CP content (p < 0.05) from 10.8% (Po-JP) to 70.3% (LC), while NDF decreased (p < 0.05) from 11.5% (Pd-Pro) to 33.5% (L15) and IVDMD increased (p < 0.05) from 16.2% (Heri) to 47.7% (Pd-UTMR). In conclusion, of the 17 strains evaluated, the 3 strains of Lentinula edodes (L5, L15, and L9), one strain of Pleurotus djamour (Pd-UTMR), and one strain of Pleurotus ostreatus (Po-IAP) generated a SMS that, due to its nutritional improvement and increase in IVDMD, could be used as feed for ruminants. Our results also showed that corn stover is a suitable substrate to produce Pleurotus spp. fruiting bodies, with strain Po-IAP as the best yielding.
Ambivalences, tensions and questions of im/materiality in fashion and beauty
Authors: Smelik Anneke , Kaiser Susan B.
Published: May 2023

Several cross-cutting themes run throughout fashion theory: ambivalence, tensions, and immateriality and materiality, within the larger framework of capitalism. In this introduction, we interlink these themes by arguing that immateriality is inextricably entangled with materiality. The material flows through capitalism require negotiated meanings in everyday social interactions, yet cannot resolve the underlying tensions involved. Pursued by some, resisted by others, capitalism’s profit motivation always involves tensions and ambivalences. While we emphasize the material ground of fashion and beauty practices, also in relation to the formation of identity in all its ambiguity, the digital realm invites and highlights immateriality. Yet, in the end, we maintain, materiality is and must remain stubborn.
Zygmunt Bauman and the unbearable lightness of fashion
Authors: Jones Katie Baker
Published: May 2023

The works of Zygmunt Bauman (1925–2017) are necessary and worthwhile to include in the fashion studies canon. Though Bauman’s concept of ‘liquid modernity’ is regularly cited by scholars in critical fashion studies, his broader works have yet to be explicated in the same way as other giants of thought such as Bourdieu and Barthes. I posit that Bauman has more to offer than a passing mention; his accessible writings provide a clear-eyed assessment of the perils of being human today, providing fashion studies scholars a critical lens through which fashion as commodity and concept can be assessed in our contemporary context. This explication offers an appraisal and reframing of Bauman through application in the scholarly domains of fashion systems analysis, fashion and identity studies and sustainable fashion discourses. I engage Bauman’s key contemporary works to broaden the limited reading of him in the field. I argue Bauman’s work and fashion studies have a potentially mutually beneficial relationship, each challenging and enhancing the other when engaged in the exploration of everyday life in the twenty-first century.
Fashioning Masculinities: Critical reflections on curation and future directions in masculinity studies
Authors: Gilligan Sarah
Published: May 2023

Fashioning Masculinities: The Art of Menswear at the V&A Museum in London (19 March–6 November 2022) marked a significant curatorial and cultural moment. Curated by Claire Wilcox, Rosalind McKever and Marta Franceschini, the exhibition explored the shifting landscape of menswear by focusing on the intersections among fashion, art, time and gender. This review essay critically reflects on the curation of the Fashioning Masculinities exhibition and the accompanying two-day symposium (13–14 October 2022) co-convened by the V&A and the Masculinities Research Hub at London College of Fashion. It argues for the need for interdisciplinary research and curation on menswear and masculinity studies to explore a plurality of intersectional identities. Additionally, this article argues for the importance of engaging diverse audiences across the sector with rich stories of making, wearing and fashioning identities. There remains considerable scope to move beyond a focus upon historical dress and luxury designer items, to include the often invisible and untold narratives of ordinary and everyday dress.
Grażyna Hase: The legend of socialist-era branding in Poland
Authors: Idem Magdalena
Published: May 2023

This review essay discusses the exhibition Grażyna Hase: Always in Vogue on display at the Warsaw Museum in Poland from 28 April to 11 September 2022. The curator of the exhibition was Agnieszka Dąbrowska, art historian and curator of the museum’s fashion collection. The review outlines the main focus and elements of the exhibition as well as the achievements of one of the most important fashion designers in socialist Poland (1947–90): Grażyna Hase. I discuss the designer’s ambition to create her own fashion under the auspices of a state institution from the 1950s to the 1980s. In communist Poland, fashion design and production were connected to the political system. The fashion exhibition highlights that fashion design in those days was a field of struggle and frustration on many levels: design, production and consumption. Yet, in spite of this, Hase’s designs were very successful.
Dressing Up: The Women Who Influenced French Fashion, Elizabeth L. Block (2021)
Authors: Newman Emily L.
Published: May 2023

Review of: Dressing Up: The Women Who Influenced French Fashion, Elizabeth L. Block (2021)

Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 282 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-26204-584-1, h/bk, $34.95
Hesiodic Influence on Plato's Myth of the Cicadas
Authors: Vitas Marko
Published: May 2023

This paper argues that Hesiod's Myth of the Golden Race (Op. 109-126) influenced Plato's Myth of the Cicadas from the Phaedrus (258e-259d). Among other parallels, Hesiod's Golden Race and Plato's Cicadas have a similar diet and a similar rapport with the gods, they die in a similar way and enjoy similar benefits after death. The paper further argues that Plato used the inherent ambiguity of the Golden Age myths to draw attention to the ambiguity of the Cicadas themselves, who bring both benefits and rewards to humans, depending on their behavior.
Socrates’ kατάβασις and the Sophistic Shades: Education and Democracy
Authors: Rojcewicz Christine
Published: May 2023

This article addresses the unusually elaborate dramatic context in Plato’s Protagoras and effect of sophistry on democratic Athens. Because Socrates evokes Odysseus’ κατάβασις in the Odyssey to describe the sophists in Callias’ house (314c-316b), I propose that Socrates depicts the sophists as bodiless shades residing in Hades. Like the shades dwelling in Hades with no connection to embodied humans on Earth, the sophists in the Protagoras are non-Athenians with no consideration for the democratic body of the Athenian πόλις. I conclude that sophistry can be detrimental to Athenian democracy because it can produce education inequality founded on wealth inequality.
De segunda pantalla a pantalla principal. 'Backup' el primer programa de televisión creado para Instagram
Authors: Etura Hernández Dunia , Martín Sánchez Cristina , Redondo García Marta
Published: May 2023

En los últimos años la televisión tradicional se ha visto cuestionada por nuevos medios de carácter eminentemente audiovisual: redes sociales, plataformas VOD, OTT, etc. que han provocado cambios que afectan al modo de consumo y la relación con la audiencia, pero también a los enfoques, formatos, géneros y modos de producción y difusión de los contenidos. Cuando el medio televisivo lucha por mantener su hegemonía, la innovación en contenidos que puedan distribuirse en otros canales, como las redes sociales, resulta esencial para llegar al público joven. RTVE ha sido el primer grupo audiovisual español en crear una serie informativa para Instagram TV: BackUp, un programa que aborda los ciberdelitos más habituales. Esta investigación analiza si las innovaciones que ofrece BackUp pueden considerarse una renovación dentro de la narrativa de la televisión tradicional. Para ello se ha diseñado una metodología basada en el análisis de contenido de tipo cualitativo y la entrevista en profundidad. Las conclusiones alumbran que se pueden realizar contenidos informativos para redes sociales cumpliendo parámetros de calidad de la televisión tradicional y que el uso de innovaciones propias de las redes sociales no afecta a la credibilidad del contenido, pero sí a la forma en que se cuenta.
Management of bovine brucellosis in organized dairy herds through the identification of risk factors: A cross-sectional study from Karnataka, India
Authors: Shome Rajeswari , Natesan Krithiga , Kalleshamurthy Triveni , Yadav Chaitra , Sahay Swati , Skariah Somy , Mohandoss Nagalingam , Kumar Obli Rajendran Vinodh , Shome Bibek Ranjan , Rahman Habibur
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by Brucella species. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis seropositivity in organized dairy farms to control the disease in unvaccinated adult bovine herds in Karnataka, India.

Materials and Methods: In total, 3610 samples (3221 cattle and 389 buffaloes) were subjected to parallel testing using the Rose Bengal plate test and protein G-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed by analyses of animal- and farm-level epidemiological datasets to identify the risk factors.

Results: The apparent brucellosis prevalence at the animal level was higher in buffaloes (8.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.9–11.4) than in cattle (6.1%, 95% CI = 5.3–7.0). In a multivariable logistic model, animals calved 3–5 times (odds ratio [OR] = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.50–3.1, reference [ref]: animals calved <2 times); animals with a history of abortion (OR = 54.73, 95% CI = 33.66–89.02), repeat breeding (OR = 19.46, 95% CI = 11.72–32.25), and placental retention (OR = 13.94, 95% CI = 4.92–39.42, ref: no clinical signs); and dogs on farms (OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.48–4.40, ref: absence of dogs); disposal of aborted fetus in open fields (OR = 4.97, 95% CI = 1.93–12.84) and water bodies (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.50–3.1, ref: buried); purchase of animals from other farms (OR = 6.46, 95% CI = 1.01–41.67, ref: government farms); hand milking (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.02–10.0, ref: machine milking); and use of monthly veterinary services (OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.28–9.29, ref: weekly services) were considered significant risk factors for brucellosis in organized bovine herds (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: The study identified that the animals calved 3–5 times or with a history of abortion/repeat breeding/placental retention, and disposal of aborted fetus in open fields/water bodies as the potential risk factors for bovine brucellosis. These risk factors should be controlled through the implementation of best practices to reduce the brucellosis burden in bovine farms.

Keywords: brucellosis, buffalo, cattle, India, risk factors, seroprevalence.
Rooted in the Mangrove Landscape: Children and their Ethnoichthyological Knowledge as Sentinels for Biodiversity Loss in Northern Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Keleman Pieter-Jan , Padrão Temudo Marina , Moutinho Sá Rui
Published: May 2023

Biomonitoring fish species losses in data-deficient estuaries of West Africa can be facilitated by consulting small-scale fishermen as on-the-spot sentinels. Children are often prominent fishing actors in rural societies, but scientific studies looking at their ethnoichthyological knowledge are lacking. This study examines childhood fish knowledge inside a Diola village in Northern Guinea-Bissau, discussing how gendered division of labor affects the distribution of such knowledge. By using a photo-based identification methodology supplemented with participant observation and key informant interviews, we compare differences in children’s knowledge, perceptions of their mangrove environment, and associated fish diversity. The results show: a) a high level of ethnoichthyological knowledge among the children; b) girls identified fewer fish species than boys; c) both boys and girls show difficulties in correctly naming the fish less visible in the local mangrove ecosystem. We highlight the importance of children’s participation in landscape use and maintenance for their cognitive development. Additionally, we conclude that the assessment of children’s endogenous knowledge is important for biological conservation, securing fish diversity, and sustainable exploitation efforts in mangrove socio-ecosystems while respecting local bio-cultural identity.
Comparison of Central Corneal Thickness Measurement by Specular Microscopy, Optical Coherence Tomography, Optical Biometry and Ultrasound Pachymetry in Normal Eyes
Authors: Rubble Mangla  , Nitin Batra  , Gurvinder Kaur  , Tanisha Mittal  , Reenu Thomas
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Precise central corneal thickness (CCT) measurement is of utmost importance in various corneal diseases and refractive procedures. Various methods are available to measure CCT. But studies comparing CCT measurements with different devices have shown variable results. This study compares the CCT measurements by different devices and Ultrasound Pachymetry (USP).

METHODS

This prospective study that was conducted from October 2017 to June 2019 included 100 subjects aged more than 18 years and CCT was measured by non-contact specular microscopy (NCSM), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), optical biometry (OB) and USP in normal eyes. For every patient and with each device, three readings were taken and an average was recorded. The data recorded per protocol was analyzed using Intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis.

RESULTS

The mean value of CCT with NCSM, SD-OCT, OB, USP was 528.98±32.18µm, 532.64±30.49µm, 517.47±31.89µm and 533.39±33.44µm, respectively. The intraclass correlation was found to be maximum between NCSM and USP (0.953, p<0.001). The mean paired difference of CCT values with SD-OCT and USP was statistically insignificant (-0.75±14.73, p=1.00) whereas the difference obtained with all other devices was statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

A statistically significant positive correlation (p<0.001) was observed on comparing all the four devices with each other for measurement of CCT. The OCT had the best agreement and also positively correlated with USP. Hence, we conclude that OCT can be an effective alternative to USP for measuring CCT.
Rhodopsin Replacement in a I307N Mouse Model of ADRP by the Homology Independent Transgene Insertion Method
Authors: ROSSMILLER BRIAN , Bagheri Mozhdeh
Published: May 2023

Retinitis pigmentosa affects 1 in 4,000 people worldwide. Mutations in over twenty genes cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. 30-40% of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa are due to mutations rhodopsin with more than 100 known mutations being identified. Due to this allelic and causal diversity, allele-independent approaches are an attractive option. Here, we demonstrate an allele-independent CRISPR/Cas9 approach; this contrasts with many current allele-specific rhodopsin approaches. A homology-independent transgene is co-delivered with RSV-spCas9 packaged in an AAV5 vector for gene replacement via insertion in the

Rho I307N mouse model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. First, we establish the safety of this system, in C57BL/6J mice, demonstrating no loss of retinal thickness or function. We further show that outer nuclear layer thickness, electrical response, and rhodopsin expression in heterozygous Rho I307N were significantly preserved six months after treatment. This retention results from a 5.7% transgene integration and 88% indel rate in treated animals.
aquífero fissural no semiárido
Authors: Nascimento da Silva Carlos César , Medeiros Walter Eugênio de , Jardim de Sá Emanuel Ferraz , Lima Maria da Guia
Published: May 2023

Em grande área do NE do Brasil, em que se superpõem os efeitos do clima semiárido e terrenos cristalinos, aquíferos fissurais são as únicas fontes de água, principalmente nos períodos de seca prolongada. A locação de poços tradicional, baseada nas análises geológico-estrutural, geomorfológica e de produtos de sensores remotos envolve alto risco exploratório, resultando em cerca de 30 a 40 % de insucesso. Isso decorre da dificuldade de avaliação sobre quais são as descontinuidades dominantes (fratura ou foliação), bem como quais apresentam potencialidades hidrogeológicas mais elevadas. Nesta pesquisa foram integrados dados de levantamentos geofísicos aeroportados (eletromagnético e magnético) e terrestre (geoelétrico), além da análise estrutural com viés neotectônico. Com fins ao aprimoramento no trabalho de locação de poços, os resultados obtidos demonstram que os modelos riacho-fenda e calha elúvio-aluvionar comumente coexistem, permitindo esboçar as suas distribuições espaciais. Além disso, foi possível identificar aspectos geológicos e geofísicos importantes para discriminar em campo qual modelo ocorre de forma efetiva.
fluxo da água subterrânea no sistema aquífero costeiro associado aos depósitos eólicos holocênicos na região do Cassino/RS
Authors: Nascimento Eliege Alves do , Barboza Eduard oGuimarães , Reginato Pedro Antonio Roehe , Rosa Maria Luiza Correa da Câmara , Barili Rosalia
Published: May 2023

O comportamento do fluxo da água subterrânea em aquíferos costeiros pode ser influenciado localmente por fatores geológicos, geomorfológicos, topográficos, hidrogeológicos, climáticos e antrópicos. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o sentido de fluxo da água subterrânea associado ao pacote de sedimentos eólicos e que fazem parte do Sistema Aquífero Costeiro (SAC) presente na região do Cassino/RS. Foram levantados e analisados dados já existentes de sondagens, poços de monitoramento e variações mensais dos níveis de águas. Também foram executados levantamentos de georadar que possibilitaram melhorar a avaliação da espessura e da geometria das camadas dos depósitos sedimentares que ocorrem em subsuperfície. Os resultados permitiram caracterizar as litologias encontradas, analisar o comportamento das variações dos níveis estáticos e da potenciometria, identificar a arquitetura deposicional dos estratos em subsuperfície e delimitar os depósitos sedimentares. A partir dos resultados foi identificado que a morfologia do terreno, as características texturais e geotécnicas dos depósitos sedimentares e o padrão de empilhamento estratigráfico das camadas são fatores que condicionam localmente os sentidos de fluxo do aquífero associado ao pacote eólico. Portanto, esse estudo contribuiu significativamente no aumento do conhecimento hidrogeológico da região e demostrou que o fluxo de água, mesmo em regiões próximas à linha de costa, pode ocorrer em diferentes sentidos.
Resilient, Mindful, and Satisfied Educational Professionals
Authors: Caldas Stephen , Pin Gina
Published: May 2023

This study conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using both the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 25) and the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) to create a validated, synergistic, higher-order factor we call Invicti Anima based on the responses 630 teachers and building-based educational leaders in three northeastern USA states. Controlling for important contextual variables including educator sense of agency, our structural equation path model mapped the relationships between educator role, level of Invicti Anima, and Job Satisfaction, as measured by the Job Satisfaction Index (JSI). The educators in our study who were strong in Invicti Anima exhibited characteristics of both resiliency and mindfulness, and were significantly and substantially more satisfied on their jobs, even net of their sense of control (agency) in their schools. Our findings have important implications for the professional development of educators in dealing with stress, longevity in their positions, and positive outcomes for the students and others under their direction.
Strategies for Forest Height Estimation by High-Precision DEM Combined with Short-Wavelength PolInSAR TanDEM-X
Authors: Luo Hongbin , Zhang Wanqiu , Yue Cairong , Chen Si
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this article is to explore forest height estimation strategies using topographic data (DEM) combined with TanDEM-X while comparing the effect of volume scattering complex coherence selection on forest height estimation in the traditional random volume over ground (RVoG)
three-stage algorithm. In this study, four experimental strategies were designed for comparison based on TanDEM-X polarized interferometric synthetic aperture radar (PolInSAR) data, TanDEM-DEM, and 42 field-measured data. Our results show that in the RVoG model, (1) a reference ground phase
to select the volume scattering complex coherence provides greater accuracy in determining forest height, (2) forest height estimation can be achieved by directly using DEM as ground phase information without relying on model solving and obtaining a more accurate forest height than TanDEM-X
alone, and (3) the highest estimation accuracy is obtained by using DEM as coherence information among all schemes. Although the difference in forest height estimation results is not significant in this study, it still proves that the forest height estimation strategy of high-precision DEM
combined with short-wavelength PolInSAR can not only improve the forest height estimation accuracy but also simplify the solving process of the RVoG model, which is an important reference for global forest parameter estimation and ecosystem detection based on spaceborne PolInSAR.
High-Resolution Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval in Urban Areas Based on Sentinel-2
Authors: Chen Yunping , Yang Yue , Hou Lei , Yang Kangzhuo , Yu Jiaxiang , Sun Yuan
Published: May 2023

In this paper, an improved aerosol optical depth (AOD ) retrieval algorithm is proposed based on Sentinel-2 and AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET ) data. The surface reflectance for AOD retrieval was estimated from the image that had minimal aerosol contamination in a temporal window
determined by AERONET data. Validation of the Sentinel-2 AOD retrievals was conducted against four Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET ) sites located in Beijing. The results show that the Sentinel-2 AOD retrievals are highly consistent with the AERONET AOD measurements (R = 0.942), with 85.56%
falling within the expected error. The mean absolute error and the root-mean-square error are 0.0688 and 0.0882, respectively. In addition, the AOD distribution map obtained by this algorithm well reflects the fine-spatial-resolution changes in AOD distribution. These results suggest that
the improved high-resolution AOD retrieval algorithm is robust and has the potential advantage of retrieving high-resolution AOD over urban areas.
Socio-Environmental Vulnerability to Drought in the Seridó Potiguar, Brazil: Building Indicators
Authors: Brito Anderson Geová Maia de , Almeida Lutiane Queiroz de
Published: May 2023

Imprecise in space-time and with damaging effects, drought as a historical-natural phenomenon of high complexity has been afflicting the population of the Seridó Potiguar Region, located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil. For centuries, the region, of state relevance, is part of the Brazilian semiarid region. This reality produces socio-spatial, socio-economic, and political-institutional conflicts. Considering this, and the fact that drought in the 21st century continues to reach disastrous proportions and cause harm to human systems, this research aimed to offer a partial overview of the socio-environmental vulnerability of the Seridó region to drought, focusing on seven key municipalities: Bodó, Caicó, Currais Novos, Ipueira, Jardim de Piranhas, Jucurutu, and Parelhas. The Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI) was applied to these municipalities, composed of the sub-indices of Exposure, Susceptibility, and Adaptive Capacity, based on socio-economic and physical-environmental variables, which were calculated, classified, and cartographically represented using the RGB color composition. After analyzing the results, it was found that the municipalities ranged from low to moderate vulnerability, which can be justified by the compensation between the variables themselves and the good indicators regarding social assistance, mixed economy, hydraulic infrastructure, and means of coping with the semiarid region.
A survey on efforts to apply IPv6 in V2X communication networks
Authors: Farran Hassan , Bokor László
Published: May 2023

This survey focuses on the application possibilities of using Internet Protocol (version 6) in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) networking architectures by analyzing existing standards and related papers in this field. The article explains the terminology used in IP-based V2X networks, introduces the considered use cases, and gives an overview of the three standardized options applying IPv6 in vehicular environments: IEEE WAVE provides networking services to applications in vehicular networks through IPv6, IPv6 over 802.11-OCB can be implemented in Wi-Fi-based ad hoc vehicular networks for both V2V and V2I, and the Geo Networking IPv6 adaption sub-layer (GN6ASL) for IPv6 support in the ETSI ITS protocol family. The paper also highlights non-standardized solutions and available techniques designed for IPv6-based V2X infrastructures, summarizes wireless connection requirements, and mobility management needs, together with the newest research efforts aiming at the applications of IPv6 in V2X communications.
The relationship between compressive strength and sonic velocity depending on moisture content in case of historical masonry
Authors: Dormany Andras , Orban Zoltan
Published: May 2023

Historical masonry structures made from locally available materials such as stone, brick, and mud are an integral part of our cultural identity. Moisture content is a critical environmental factor that can significantly impact the durability and strength of these structures. Moisture ingress in masonry can cause detrimental effects such as decreased strength, increased porosity, and reduced bond strength between the mortar and masonry units. Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies and maintenance decisions that can help protect these structures from moisture-related damage. This paper explores the impact of moisture content on the compressive strength of historical masonry structures and highlights the factors that can affect this relationship.
YEŞİL LOJİSTİĞİN E- İHRACATTAKİ YERİ VE ÖNEMİ
Authors: YEŞİLYAPRAK Mehmet
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışma içerisinde kapsamlı bir literatür çalışması yer almaktadır. Teknolojinin gelişmesi ve buna bağlı olarak dijitalleşme çağının önem kazanması ile ticaret anlayışı önce e-ticarete daha sonrasında ise genişleyerek e-ihracata doğru ilerlemektedir. Buna bağlı olarak artan lojistik iş hacminin çevremize zarar vermesini engellemek için yeşil lojistik kavramının önemi vurgulanmıştır. Küreselleşen Dünya’da insanların ihtiyaçlarını farklı sebeplerden dolayı sınır ötesi ticareti ile karşılaması çok ciddi bir lojistik altyapısını ve büyük bir lojistik ağının oluşturulması gerekliliğini zorunlu kılmıştır. Dijitalleşen Dünya’da ülkelerin Amazon gibi platformlarını öne çıkarıp ihracat hedeflerini e-ihracat ile geliştirebileceği görüşü hakimdir. Teknolojinin getirdiği bu faydanın yanı sıra ticaretteki büyüme sonrasında lojistik hacmi büyük oranda artış gösterecektir. Bu durumda lojistik faaliyetlerinin büyümesiyle birlikte çevre kirliliğinin artması yeşil lojistik uygulamalarını ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Çalışmada yeşil lojistik alanında çeşitli firmaların yapmış olduğu uygulamalar bulunmaktadır. Umulur ki çalışma kapsamında bulunan bu uygulamalar tüm lojistik sektöründe çalışanların farkındalıklarını arttırır ve daha fazla araştırma yapılmasına ışık tutar. Bizler de daha temiz bir dünya için topyekûn bir çaba içerisinde oluruz.

Ayrıca yayınlanmış resmi verilere ulaşılarak öncelikle yurt dışı ve ardından da Türkiye’nin bazı e- ticaret ve e- ihracat verileri verilmiş ve bazı temel karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır.
Distribution of Yellow Curly Leaf Disease in Chili Plantations in Southeast Sulawesi and Identification of the Causes
Authors: Muhammad  Taufik  , HS Gusnawaty , Syair Syair , Mallarangeng Rahayu , Khaeruni Andi , Botek Muhammad , Hartono Sedyo , Aidawati Noor , Hidayat Purnama
Published: May 2023

Penyakit daun keriting kuning pada pertanaman cabai di Sulawesi Tenggara telah dilaporkan sejak tahun 2018, yaitu di Kabupaten Kolaka Timur dan Kota Kendari. Gejala penyakit di lapangan semakin meluas seiring dengan perluasan penanaman cabai. Penelitian bertujuan menghitung kembali insidensi penyakit daun keriting kuning pada pertanaman cabai di Sulawesi Tenggara, mengidentifikasi serangga yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman cabai, dan mengidentifikasi penyebab penyakitnya. Pengamatan insidensi penyakit dilakukan di pertanaman cabai yang berada di Kabupaten Bombana, Konawe Selatan, Konawe, Kendari, Kolaka Timur, Kolaka, dan Kolaka Utara. Identifikasi kutukebul dilakukan berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Deteksi dan identifikasi begomovirus menggunakan metode polymerase chain reaction, yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis sikuensing. Rata-rata insidensi penyakit daun keriting kuning di tujuh kabupaten ialah 36%–90%. Spesies kutukebul yang ditemukan adalah Aleurotrachelus trachoides. Fragmen DNA spesifik begomovirus berukuran 580 pb berhasil diamplifikasi dari sampel tanaman cabai asal tujuh kabupaten di Sulawesi Tenggara. Analisis sikuen mengonfirmasi infeksi Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus pada pertanaman cabai di Kabupaten Kolaka, Kolaka Utara, Bombana, Konawe, dan Konawe Selatan.