bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slow fatigue crack growth in 2024-T3 and Ti-6Al-4V at low and ultrasonic frequency
Authors: Mayer H. , Holper B. , Zettl B. , Stanzl-Tschegg S. E.
Published: February 2022

Fatigue crack growth in 2024-T3 has been studied in ambient air and in vacuum at load ratios R = –1, R = 0.05 and R = 0.5 using ultrasonic equipment (cycling frequency 20 kHz) and servo-hydraulic equipment (20 Hz). In vacuum, no strain rate influences were found and similar growth rates and threshold stress intensities were measured at both frequencies. In ambient air, threshold stress intensities were similar at 20 Hz and 20 kHz and were 53 –62% of the respective values measured in vacuum. Above threshold, fatigue crack growth rates at ultrasonic frequency are slower (at R = –1) or similar (at R = 0.5) to growth rates at 20 Hz. Ultrasonic fracture mechanics tests in Ti-6Al-4V at load ratios R = 0.1, R = 0.5 and R = 0.8 in ambient air delivered threshold values similar to cycling frequency 50 Hz, whereas growth rates above threshold are approximately a factor of 3 higher at 20 kHz. The compressive part of a load cycle under fully reversed loading condition causes additional fatigue damage, and the maximum stress intensity factor at threshold is lower at R = –1 than at R = 0.05 or R = 0.1.
Oxide dispersion-strengthened silver: manufacturing and properties
Authors: Grundmann Uta , Heilmaier Martin , Martin Ulrich , Oettel Heinrich , Schultz Ludwig
Published: February 2022

Novel oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) silver alloys were synthesised by mechanical alloying and subsequent consolidation via hot pressing in protective atmosphere. The effect of dispersoid size and volume fraction on the electrical and mechanical properties is exemplified with Cr2O3, CaO and Y2O3 as model candidates for a systematic study of the principles of particle selection. The results for the development of the microstructure under different processing conditions show that control of the impurity level is of primary importance for achieving high-quality, fully dense material. Hence, a modified cryo-milling technique at liquid-N2 temperature was applied. Data at ambient temperature are presented, revealing that the mechanical and electrical properties can be tailored within a wide range as a function of the microstructure. These results are explained by microstructural concepts for room temperature yielding and electrical conductivity.
Intercrystalline defects and some properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel and its alloys
Authors: Aust Karl T. , Hibbard Glenn , Palumbo Gino , Erb Uwe
Published: February 2022

Experimental results are presented concerning the influence of primary intercrystalline defects, i. e., grain boundaries and triple junctions, on the properties of nanocrystalline nickel and its alloys. The properties considered are largely based on nanostructured materials relatively free of secondary defects introduced during synthesis, such as porosity, residual amorphous regions, lattice dislocations and extrinsic grain boundary dislocations. These property studies include thermal stability and grain growth, mechanical, electrical, corrosion and hydrogen transport.
Annealing treatments to enhance thermal and mechanical stability of ultrafine-grained metals produced by severe plastic deformation
Authors: Mughrabi H. , Höppel H. W. , Kautz M. , Valiev R. Z.
Published: February 2022

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) metals produced by techniques of severe plastic deformation, such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), exhibit extraordinary strength properties. However, in the as-ECAP-processed state, the heavily deformed microstructure of such UFG metals is rather unstable and is prone to undergo grain coarsening (recrystallization) at moderate temperatures. This microstructural instability is enhanced in the presence of modest mechanical stressing as, for example, in cyclic deformation. Thus, all measures to enhance the thermal stability are also considered as beneficial for the improvement of the mechanical stability.

One main objective of the present work is to analyse the thermal and mechanical stability of ECAP-processed metals during specific annealing and cyclic deformation tests. As a by-product, some conclusions relating to the separate effects of dislocation density, grain size (in the UFG regime) and internal stresses on the (micro)yielding behaviour will be drawn. Another goal is to explore the potential of different annealing treatments with respect to the stabilization of the microstructure and the optimization of the mechanical properties of ECAP-processed UFG metals in terms of an optimal combination of strength and ductility. In order to demonstrate the potential and the limitations of this approach, experimental work performed on UFG copper, aluminium and α-brass produced by ECAP will be reported and discussed. The results presented indicate strongly that a heat treatment leading to a bimodal grain size distribution provides the best compromise between strength and ductility.
Impact of grain boundary character on grain boundary kinetics
Authors: Molodov D. A. , Shvindlerman L. S. , Gottstein G.
Published: February 2022

The current research on grain boundary dynamics in metals is reviewed. The boundary dynamics, i. e., the boundary reaction to applied forces, is strongly dependent on the grain boundary character, which is commonly reduced to the orientation relationship between adjacent grains and impurity segregation at the boundary. The misorientation dependence of the motion of specific capillary driven grain boundaries, the effect of inclination on the mobility of planar boundaries and the dislocation absorption by moving boundaries are considered. The role of segregation behaviour and boundary crystallography for the orientation dependence of boundary mobility is addressed. The compensation effect for the motion of structurally different grain boundaries is discussed.
Nanostructure formation and thermal stability of nanophase materials prepared by mechanical means
Authors: Fecht H.-J.
Published: February 2022

Mechanical attrition, mechanical alloying and other methods of extreme plastic deformation (high pressure torsion, equal channel angular pressing) have been developed as versatile alternatives to other physical and chemical processing routes in preparing nanophase materials. Here several examples are discussed including the deformation-induced nanophase formation in powder particles, in thin-foil sandwich structures and at the surface of alloys exposed to friction-induced wear, leading to the formation of nanocrystals and, in some cases, amorphous nanostructures. This opens exciting perspectives in preparing nanostructured materials with a number of different interface types in terms of structure (crystalline/crystalline, crystalline/amorphous) as well as atomic bond (metal/metal, metal/semiconductor, metal/ ceramic etc.). It is expected that the study of nanostructure formation by mechanical means in the future not only opens new processing routes for a variety of advanced nanophase materials but also improves the understanding of technologically relevant deformation processes on a nanoscopic level.
New materials from non-intuitive composite effects
Authors: Nan Ce-Wen
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we review in view of their potential but also from the aspect of being potentially the most interesting examples of the non-intuitive composite effects, which provides an impression of the dynamic evolution and the future opportunities of non-intuitive composite effects, with many promising applications.
The kinetics of phase formation in an ultra-thin nanoscale layer
Authors: Apalkov V. M. , Boyko Y. I. , Slezov V. V.
Published: February 2022

The peculiarities of the kinetics of phase formation in an ultra-thin (≈ 10 nm) crystalline layer, which is formed from two components on the surface of a substrate, have been studied theoretically. It has been shown that by varying the conditions during the growth of the layer (the temperature, the vapour pressure, the type of substrate) it is possible to control the phase composition of the layer.
Timing of belief as a key to cross-linguistic variation in common ground management
Authors: Heim Johannes M. , Wiltschko Martina E.
Published: February 2022

In this paper we introduce the notion of Timing of Belief (ToB) as a relevant factor of variation in common ground (CG) management in sentence-peripheral particles across different languages. CG management traces the epistemic development of mutual beliefs between speaker and addressee. Evidence for the relevance of ToB comes from a small-scale acceptability study which tested the relevance of ToB for particles in English, German, and Spanish. While these languages all possess grammaticalized structures to encode different types of knowledge asymmetries between speaker and addressee, they vary with respect to the sensitivity or encoding of ToB. The evident relevance of ToB for CG management suggests that models which focus on the dynamic character of CG development require further expansion. We hope that the fine-graded differences in CG management reported here serve to inspire an engagement with the notion of ToB and the variation we find across languages and dialects.
Intranasal application of stem cells and their derivatives as a new hope in the treatment of cerebral hypoxia/ischemia: a review
Authors: Salehi Mohammad Saied , Jurek Benjamin , Karimi-Haghighi Saeideh , Nezhad Nahid Jashire , Mousavi Seyedeh Maryam , Hooshmandi Etrat , Safari Anahid , Dianatpour Mehdi , Haerteis Silke , Miyan Jaleel A. , Pandamooz Sareh , Borhani-Haghighi Afshin
Published: February 2022

Intranasal delivery of stem cells and conditioned medium to target the brain has attracted major interest in the field of regenerative medicine. In pre-clinical investigations during the last ten years, several research groups focused on this strategy to treat cerebral hypoxia/ischemia in neonates as well as adults. In this review, we discuss the curative potential of stem cells, stem cell derivatives, and their delivery route via intranasal application to the hypoxic/ischemic brain. After intranasal application, stem cells migrate from the nasal cavity to the injured area and exert therapeutic effects by reducing brain tissue loss, enhancing endogenous neurogenesis, and modulating cerebral inflammation that leads to functional improvements. However, application of this administration route for delivering stem cells and/or therapeutic substances to the damaged sites requires further optimization to translate the findings of animal experiments to clinical trials.
Halide-sodalites: thermal expansion, decomposition and the Lindemann criterion
Authors: Wolpmann Marius , Robben Lars , Gesing Thorsten M.
Published: February 2022

Twelve cubic sodalites |Na8X2|[T1T2O4]6(T1 = Al3+, Ga3+; T2 = Si4+, Ge4+; X = Cl−, Br−, I−) were examined using high-temperature (HT) X-ray diffraction experiments and TGA-DSC measurements. Temperature-dependent structure data was obtained by Rietveld refinements. Decomposition temperatures were determined using TGA-DSC data for all compounds. The temperature-dependent volume expansion was used to determine Debye and Einstein temperatures using DEA fits. Distinct relations between thermal expansion, bond lengths and the decomposition temperature could not be found. Determination of Lindemann constants of all compounds enables a classification of the sodalites in three groups.
Borderline Intermediary Thickness Cutaneous Melanoma: Standard Approach and The New Possibilities for Removal in one Surgical Session
Authors: N Oliveira , LJ Kandathi , G Tchernev
Published: February 2022

Here we present a case of a 48-year-old female with a melanocytic lesion on the lateral aspect of the right thigh [Figure 1a-1d]. The patient observed a steady growth of the lesion over the last few years and attended our clinic for a dermatological consultation in March 2021. She was otherwise healthy and she reported anamnestic data was unremarkable. On examination of the lateral femoral region of the right thigh, the presence of a single, nodular, hyperpigmented lesion of 1.5cm was noted. The dome shaped lesion was dark brown in colour, smooth and elevated on palpation, and well demarcated from surrounding healthy tissue. Based on the clinical and dermatoscopical findings, a nodular melanoma of intermediate thickness was suspected. Further laboratory workup was conducted and showed no significant deviations from normal paraclinical values. Screening was also negative for tumour spread. All other paraclinical data was unremarkable. Diagnostic work up including CT of the thorax and abdomen detected no metastatic dissemination. The standard two step approaches based on the current AJCC guidelines was employed. The primary excision was performed with 0.5 cm safety margins in all directions [Figure 1e-f]. The elliptical defect was subsequently closed by single interrupted sutures. Histopathological verification confirmed the diagnosis of a nodular malignant melanoma, pT2b N0M0, stage 1B, Clark IV, Breslow thickness of 2mm, without ulceration, with high mitotic activity, well defined lymphocytic stromal reaction and clean resection margins.
Adverse Drug Reactions: Nitrosamine (and/or Telmisartan/HCT) Induced Nevus and Epidermal Scalp Cyst
Authors: N Oliveira , LJ Kandathil , G Tchernev
Published: February 2022

This is a presenting case of a 57-year-old male with a longstanding history of primary arterial hypertension since the age of 13 years. He was placed on a treatment regimen of telmisartan/ hydrochlorothiazide (HTC) 80/12.5 mg oral half tablets daily (1/2-0-0) 10 years ago and has continued with this treatment to this day. The patient recently visited our clinic due to growing concerns of an unclear and at the same time haemorrhagic lesion on the scalp (Figure 1a). According to the anamnestic data, the scalp lesion was thought to appear roughly 9-10 years after starting therapy with telmisartan/HTC and continued to grow in size to about 15x8 mm (Figure 1a)
5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor Treatment for Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia:A Myth or Truth?
Authors: Chen Hsuan-Hsiang
Published: February 2022

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia (FFA) is a condition described in 1994 affect mainly postmenopausal women. It is the most common form of cicatricial alopecia considered as a follicular variant of lichen planopilaris [1]. It is believed that the main pathogenesis in this condition is related to dihydrotestosterone, a derivative converted from the testosterone through 5-Alpha- Reductase (5AR). Because inflammatory, autoimmune, and other organisms are thought to be associated with FFA, there is no one specific cause that can be acted on by 5AR inhibitors [2].Currently, the therapeutic approaches are limited and the patient outcomes are poor [1]. To date, most of the reports are case reports and observational studies [3]. No randomized controlled studies are evaluating the pharmacodynamic profiles of 5AR inhibitors for FFA. The long-term safety of 5AR inhibitors in women should also be considered.
The Conditioning Lesion Response in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Is Inhibited in Oncomodulin Knock-Out Mice
Authors: Niemi Jon P. , DeFrancesco-Oranburg Talia , Cox Andrew , Lindborg Jane A. , Echevarria Franklin D. , McCluskey Jemima , Simmons Dwayne D. , Zigmond Richard E.
Published: February 2022

Regeneration can occur in peripheral neurons after injury, but the mechanisms involved are not fully delineated. Macrophages in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) are involved in the enhanced regeneration that occurs after a conditioning lesion (CL), but how macrophages stimulate this response is not known. Oncomodulin (Ocm) has been proposed as a proregenerative molecule secreted by macrophages and neutrophils, is expressed in the DRG after axotomy, and stimulates neurite outgrowth by DRG neurons in culture. Wild-type (WT) andOcmknock-out (KO) mice were used to investigate whether Ocm plays a role in the CL response in DRG neurons after sciatic nerve transection. Neurite outgrowth was measured after 24 and 48 h in explant culture 7 d after a CL. Sciatic nerve regeneration was also measuredin vivo7 d after a CL and 2 d after a subsequent sciatic nerve crush. The magnitude of the increased neurite outgrowth following a CL was significantly smaller in explants fromOcmKO mice than in explants from WT mice.In vivoafter a CL, increased regeneration was found in WT animals but not in KO animals. Macrophage accumulation and levels ofinterleukin-6(IL-6) mRNA were measured in axotomized DRG from WT andOcmKO animals, and both were significantly higher than in sham-operated ganglia. At 6 h after axotomy,Il-6 mRNA was higher in WT than inOcmKO mice. Our data support the hypothesis that Ocm plays a necessary role in producing a normal CL response and that its effects possibly result in part from stimulation of the expression of proregenerative macrophage cytokines such as IL-6.
Characterization of hyperlipidemia secondary to mitotane in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Gagnon Nadia , Bernard Sophie , Paquette Martine , Alguire Catherine , Lacroix André , Hétu Pierre-Olivier , Olney Harold J , Bourdeau Isabelle
Published: February 2022

Background

This study examined the magnitude of changes and the time required to observe maximal changes in LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides (Tg) and non-HDL-c after the introduction of mitotane.

Methods

Retrospective study of 45 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma who were treated at the Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal. Clinical and biochemical data were collected, including lipid profiles before and during the first year of treatment with mitotane.

Results

Among the 45 studied patients, 26 (58%) had a complete lipid profile before the introduction of mitotane and at least 1 lipid profile during the first year of treatment, and 19 patients (42%) had a lipid profile following initiation of the treatment. Among the 26 patients who had lipid profiles before and after the introduction of mitotane, the increase of LDL-c was 2.19 mmol/L (76%) (P< 0.0001), HDL-c was 0.54 mmol/L (35%) (P= 0.0002), Tg was 1.80 mmol/L (129%) (P< 0.0001) and non-HDL-c was 2.73 mmol/L (79%) (P< 0.0001). Between the first and the sixth month of mitotane treatment, peak values (n  = 45) of LDL-c and non-HDL-c were reached in 42 patients (93%) and 37 patients (82%), respectively, whereas peak values of HDL-c were reached after 6 months of mitotane treatment in 29 patients (66%). The peak value of Tg was almost equal throughout the first year. The mean peak values of HDL-c, Tg and non-HDL-c showed significant associations with their respective mitotane concentrations (β = 0.352, P= 0.03; β = 0.406, P= 0.02 and β = 0.339, P= 0.05).

Conclusion

The introduction of mitotane produces a clinically significant elevation of lipid parameters (LDL-c, HDL-c, Tg and non-HDL-c) during the first year of treatment.
Design und Implementierung von Reifegradmodellen für das "Reifegrad-Controlling" im ERM-Kontext
Authors: Schwaiger Walter S. A. , Brandstätter Michael
Published: February 2022

Anhand des konzeptuellen Modellierungsprozesses wird gezeigt wie für das ERM-Reifegrad-Controlling ein Reifegradmodell zu designen, bzw. zu konzeptualisieren und operationalisieren ist, das auch IT-mäßig gut implementiert werden kann. Zur Erlangung der dafür benötigten Kompetenzen gilt es den Controlling-Fachbereich mit „informatischer Literalität“ anzureichern.
Steuerung von Innovation - ein Widerspruch?
Authors: Wabnegg Markus
Published: February 2022

Während Innovation oft als zentraler Faktor für Unternehmenserfolg gesehen wird, herrscht wenig Konsens darüber, ob und wie formale Steuerungsmechanismen einen positiven Beitrag dafür leisten können. Neben einem Abriss der relevanten Controlling-Forschung beleuchtet dieser Artikel, anhand einer empirischen Studie, die Rolle von Anreizsystemen für die Innovationsleistung von F&E-Mitarbeiten.
Die Rolle des Controllings in der digitalen Transformation
Authors: Lang Fabian , Bock Berit
Published: February 2022

Die digitale Transformation wird das Controlling als Unternehmensfunktion radikal verändern – es könnte auf lange Sicht sogar obsolet werden. In dieser Studie wird empirisch untersucht, welche Rollen das Controlling in der digitalen Transformation, gemäß dem Selbstbild von Mitarbeitern im Controlling heute, wahrnimmt und in Zukunft wahrnehmen wird und wie sich das Fremdbild davon unterscheidet.
Gamification als digitales Anreizsystem in Unternehmen
Authors: Faust Anna , Lachmann Maik
Published: February 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt auf, worauf bei der Implementierung einer Gamification-Anwendung als digitales Anreizsystem in Unternehmen geachtet werden sollte. Es wird beleuchtet, welche Faktoren entscheidend sind, damit Gamification zur Steigerung von Motivation und Leistung beiträgt bzw. welche Faktoren zu ungewollten Effekten von Gamification führen.
Initiation of Opioid Prescription and Risk of Suicidal Behavior Among Youth and Young Adults
Authors: Fine Kimberly L. , Rickert Martin E. , O’Reilly Lauren M. , Sujan Ayesha C. , Boersma Katja , Chang Zheng , Franck Johan , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik , D’Onofrio Brian M. , Quinn Patrick D.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Opioids are involved in an increasing proportion of suicide deaths. This study examined the association between opioid analgesic prescription initiation and suicidal behavior among young people.

METHODS

We analyzed Swedish population-register data on 1 895 984 individuals ages 9 to 29 years without prior recorded opioid prescriptions. We identified prescriptions dispensed from January 2007 onward and diagnosed self-injurious behavior and death by suicide through December 2013. We first compared initiators with demographically matched noninitiators. To account for confounding, we applied an active comparator design, which examined suicidal behavior among opioid initiators relative to prescription nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) initiators while inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting with individual and familial covariates.

RESULTS

Among the cohort, 201 433 individuals initiated opioid prescription. Relative to demographically matched noninitiators, initiators (N = 180 808) had more than doubled risk of incident suicidal behavior (hazard ratio = 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.47–2.81). However, in the active comparator design, opioid initiators (N = 86 635) had only 19% relatively greater risk of suicidal behavior compared with NSAID initiators (N = 255 096; hazard ratio = 1.19; 95% CI,: 1.11–1.28), corresponding to a weighted 5-year cumulative incidence of 2.2% (95% CI, 2.1–2.4) for opioid and 1.9% (95% CI, 1.9–2.0) for NSAID initiators. Most sensitivity analyses produced comparable results.

CONCLUSIONS

Opioid initiation may make only a small contribution to the elevated risk of suicidal behavior among young people receiving pharmacologic pain management. In weighing benefits and harms of opioid initiation, our results suggest that increased risk of suicidal behavior may not be a major concern.
New bacteria genera associated with rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Cuba promote the crop growth
Authors: Hernández-Forte Ionel , Pérez-Pérez Reneé , Taulé-Gregorio Cecilia Beatríz , Fabiano-González Elena , Battistoni-Urrutia Federico , Nápoles-García Maria Caridad
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The rice cultivar INCA LP-7 is one of the eleven principal cultivars in Cuba due to their high yield potential, salinity tolerance, and pathogens resistance. However, there are not reports about the isolation, identification, and characterization of bacteria associated to this cultivar that promote its growth. Objective. To select promising bacteria from the rhizosphere of the INCA LP-7 rice cultivar to promote the crop growth. Materials and methods. The investigation was carried out in 2015 and 2016 at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Cuba and Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas Clemente Estable, Uruguay. The 16SrNA gene of bacteria associated with the INCA LP-7 rice cultivar was isolated and identified by sequencing. Characterization was performed as plant growth promoting bacteria and the effect of bacterial inoculation on rice growth was studied. Results. Eleven rizopheric bacteria were isolated from rice plants of the INCA LP-7cultivar. A phylogenetic analysis showed that for the first time in Cuba Pantoea, Acinetobacter, and Mitsuaria genera were reported associated with rice. Rhizobium and Enterobacter genera were also informed as rhizospheric bacteria of INCA LP-7 rice cultivar. Some isolates solubilize inorganic phosphates and potassium, produce siderophores and indolic compound, had exo-celulase and protease activity and formed biofilm. The inoculation of isolates belonging to Pantoea genus produced an increase in height, root length, and biomass of rice plants under greenhouse conditions. Conclusions. Pantoea sp. GG1 and Pantoea sp. GG2 were the most promising strains for the inoculation of the INCA LP-7 rice cultivar. This is the first report in Cuba that focuses on the characterization of the bacterial microbiota part associated to Cuban rice cultivar INCA LP-7 and reports bacteria of the Pantoea genus as crop growth promoters.
Factorial moments of the critical Markov branching process with geometric reproduction of particles
Authors: Tchorbadjieff Assen , Mayster Penka
Published: February 2022

The factorial moments of any Markov branching process describe the behaviour of its probability generating function $F(t,s)$ in the neighbourhood of the point $s=1$. They are applied to solve the forward Kolmogorov equation for the critical Markov branching process with geometric reproduction of particles. The solution includes quickly convergent recurrent iterations of polynomials. The obtained results on factorial moments enable computation of statistical measures as shape and skewness. They are also applicable to the comparison between critical geometric branching and linear birth-death processes.
The effect of black rot on grape berry composition
Authors: Kellner N. , Antal E. , Szabó A. , Matolcsi R.
Published: February 2022

Guignardia bidwellii, indigenous to North America, is a significant pathogen of grapes long known in Hungary, infecting only the growing green parts of the vine (leaves, petioles, shoots, and bunches). In the absence of adequate plant protection and extreme weather conditions such as a predominantly humid, warm year, black rot of grapes can be expected. The pathogen can cause high yield losses due to grape rot and reduce wine quality if the infection is severe.

The evolution of certain biogenic amine compounds were investigated under the influence of grape black rot. The results obtained showed that they were present in low concentrations from an oenological point of view. Polyphenol composition was consistent with the literature, blackening affected mainly the concentration of catechin. Black rot fungus does not produce β-glucosidase enzyme. In terms of resveratrol content, black rot has no particular effect. However, likeBotrytis cinerea, it produces glycerol and, proportionally, gluconic acid in lower concentrations.

It can be concluded that black rot of grapes does not cause health problems when introduced into wine processing.
Foreword: The Late Jungnok Park
Authors: Gombrich Richard
Published: February 2022

Foreword
The Verification of the Traditional Attributions of Translatorship
Authors: Park Jungnok
Published: February 2022

When I examine the development of the Chinese Buddhist ideas of self in Part II , I shall survey which renderings are used for particular Indian Buddhist terms and concepts, verify the attributions of translatorship, put the uses of relevant renderings in chronological order, investigate how the renderings were interpreted by the Chinese readers, and analyse the ontological, epistemological and soteriological features that constructed Buddhist ideas peculiar to China. For all of these tasks, the most basic attestation is the verification of translatorship.
Pratipakṣa Bhāvanā as Imagining the Opposite
Authors: Ifergan Gidi
Published: February 2022

Chapter Three, Pratipakṣa bhāvanā as Imagining the Opposite, discusses the potential of imagining the opposite as a powerful method to overcome the causes of affliction. The method is based on the valid translation of bhāvanā, meaning imagination and is inspired by Dickens' novella A Christmas Carol entailing the transformation of Scrooge, the novel's protagonist. The appendix includes an explicit practical exercise for Imagining the Opposite.
Epilogue
Authors: Ifergan Gidi
Published: February 2022

In the Epilogue, as the yoga practitioner overcome his habitual tendencies, his stillness and clarity develop and fulfil the moral principles of yoga. He then gains special powers while violent behaviour, as put by Vyasa, leaves the offending person in the underworld, battered and bruised, conveying a personal system of reward and punishment. However, fulfilment of moral principles may be realised through understanding embedded in yogic psychological processing while turning at times to Western psychology as complementary temporary means.
About the Author
Authors: Ifergan Gidi
Published: February 2022

Author biographical information.
Challenges in the perception of L2 English phonemes by native speakers of Cypriot Greek
Authors: Kkese Elena , Karpava Sviatlana
Published: February 2022

Research into non-native speech perception performance suggests that adults encounter difficulties discriminating segmental distinctions that are not used contrastively in their first language. Current theoretical models suggest that these difficulties are related to the acquisition of a native speech system but diverge in whether the perceptual mechanisms operate on acoustic or articulatory information. The present research addresses: (1) the difficulties Cypriot Greek (CGR) listeners of L2 English encounter with English vowels and consonants, and (2) the effect of extra-linguistic (i.e. age, gender, years of learning L2 English, educational setting, age of onset, reported use in the L2, visits to English-speaking countries) and linguistic factors (word frequency, word length, syllable number) on the perception of vowels and consonants in L2 English. A task involving two discrimination tests assessed native CGR listeners’ perception of English contrasts for vowels and consonants. Overall, listeners performed slightly better when dealing with consonants compared to vowels, significant effects have been reported. Concerning the examined factors, age, gender, years of L2 instruction, and years of experience have been reported to have significant effects, especially on speech perception of consonants. Specifically, the findings suggest that acoustic cues such as voicing and vowel length, which are relevant for native speakers of English, may not be for non-native speakers, in this case for CGR L1 speakers.
A framework to accumulate validity evidence for intended and actual consequences of Korean language proficiency testing
Authors: Shin Dongil
Published: February 2022

Korea is rapidly becoming a multicultural society. As the notion of purity in ethnic bloodline has long been a requisite for ‘Koreanness’, however, the cultural nationalist identity seems to be maintained on proficiency levels tested by the most powerful, government-instituted Korean language test, TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korean). Research on immigrants’ language practices, ideologies and (language) testing requirements has been bleak in Korean contexts, and this article proposes one such framework by combining critical discursive approaches and contemporary argument-based approaches to validation to evaluate a newly developed test, TOPIK-speaking, and related policy issues. Drawing on Shohamy’s critical language testing (CLT), Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis (CDA), and Bachman and Palmer’s assessment use argument (AUA), it illustrates the unique features of a validation framework and uses TOPIK-speaking as an example to collect and evaluate empirical evidence for its intended and actual consequences. The practice of testing consequences should be discursively analysed as a multilayered phenomenon, reinforced by discursive conflicts, such as represented in the media.
Desafíos de la crítica textual a la exégesis, la teología y la pastoral
Authors: Guijarro Santiago , Blunda Jorge
Published: February 2022

El estudio del texto bíblico está experimentado una profunda revolución que está cambiando el paradigma de la crítica textual y la misma comprensión de dicho texto. Dado que este cambio de paradigma tiene consecuencias importantes para la exégesis, la teología y la pastoral, el presente estudio se pregunta en qué consiste y de qué forma afecta a la explicación del texto bíblico, a la reflexión teológica y a la lectura creyente. Su objetivo es plantear un debate sobre algunas de las implicaciones que tiene este cambio de perspectiva para todas estas actividades en las que el texto bíblico ocupa un lugar central.
El carácter personal de la verdad en un contexto nihilista
Authors: Justo-Domínguez Emilio-José
Published: February 2022

Una cuestión permanente en el pensamiento y en la vida personal y social es la pregunta por la verdad. El contexto nihilista de nuestra cultura lleva a posturas relativistas en la comprensión de la verdad. En este artículo se pretende hacer una reflexión teológica teniendo en cuenta la situación espiritual contemporánea, para pensar la dimensión personal que tiene la verdad y para presentar el significado de Cristo como la verdad en persona.
Monitoring the waste management system in preschool educational institutions
Authors: Makarova Vera
Published: February 2022

The relevance of the topic of the work lies in carrying out in the modern conditions of the economic activity of the enterprise the standardization of the quality of the environment in order to establish the maximum permissible norms of impact on it, ensuring the rational use of waste, on the territory of an institution, in this case on the territory of the garden of general development type № 26 smt. Yaroslavl Khorolsky municipal district of Primorsky Krai. It is important to regularly monitor the waste management system in all organizations and enterprises, regardless of size and form of ownership. The enterprise generates waste related to hazard classes 1, 4 and 5. Thus, the first class of waste hazard includes mercury-containing lamps; the fourth class of waste hazard includes production waste, similar to municipal waste (estimates from the territory of the enterprise); waste from kitchens and catering establishments; the fifth class of waste hazard includes waste from cleaning the territory and premises of educational institutions; food waste from kitchens To organize the waste management system, a scheme has been developed for the operational movement of waste throughout the year. As measures to reduce the impact of waste on the environment, you should constantly collect and store all waste in strict accordance with the instructions developed at the enterprise. Timely renegotiate contracts for the re-delivery of waste to licensed enterprises, which will eliminate environmental pollution by production and consumption waste. An emergency situation can be avoided if waste management is not allowed in violation of sanitary rules.
The purpose of this article is to monitor the production and consumption waste management system on the territory of the Municipal State Preschool Institution, a kindergarten of general developmental type No. 26, town. Yaroslavl Khorolsky municipal district of Primorsky Krai.
On measures of state support for Russian small businesses in the context of overcoming the consequences of the pandemic
Authors: Arustamov Eduard , Pyastolov Oleg , Khomutova Irina , Samoletov Roman , Andzavelidze Mariya
Published: February 2022

The purpose of consideration and comparison in the present paper is the general and comparative analysis of the influence of the strategy of development of customs authorities of the Russian Federation 2030 on the formed logistic chains of participants of FEA. In the course of the research the author assesses the change in the concept of management of customs authorities of the country, the emergence of differently directed parameters in the strategy — Artificial Intelligence and Human Capital. The possible variants of conjugation of scenario conditions of Technological Revolution 4.0 and basic concepts of the Human Capital in scenarios of influence on participants of FEA in traditional directions of deliveries for achievement of synergy effect of use of various components in achievement of progressive and harmonious development of international economic cooperation are considered and offered in the Strategy.
Researching procedure and methods. The work considers and analyzes the norms of the current customs and tax legislation in the Russian Federation and EAEU countries, serving as the basis for the organization and regulation of foreign economic activity. Also, the aspect of application of perspective directions of development of scientific and technological progress and demand for its results in the general theory of management of the Service (Federal Customs Service of Russia) and improvement of interaction with participants of foreign economic activity is considered.
Results of researching. Suggested adjustments and additions to the management model of the customs service of the country, taking into account the increasing possibilities of scientific and technological progress, development and improvement of the general theory of management of customs authorities and general digitalization of business processes and public administration processes.
Theoretical and/or practical implications. The conducted research helps to complement the theoretical picture of the relationship between participants of foreign economic activity and state authorities that control foreign economic activity of participants in foreign economic activity, and provides a sustainable progressive development of the theory of management of foreign economic activity of the country.
Organic waste recycling in the context of resource scarcity problem: historical aspect
Authors: Terleeva Antonina
Published: February 2022

The article is part of a dissertation research for a Ph.D. degree, devoted to the analysis of global trends in the processing of organic municipal waste as a priority direction in the development of a circular economy. The purpose of this article is to provide a historical analysis of how the understanding of resource scarcity problem evolved from its origin in classical economic thought to the present. The main problem is to trace the evolution of economic thought, to understand what factors contributed to the formation of modern economic concepts that can offer a theoretical justification for the need to process waste, in particular organic waste. The relevance of the study is dictated by the growing interest in the issues of waste processing, which is associated with the increasing anthropogenic load on the environment.
Research methods. The article examines the fundamental works of the classics of economic thought — A. Smith, T. Malthus, D. Ricardo, K. Marx — in the context of resource scarcity problem. In addition to the classical economic literature, scientific articles were used for the study, which provide the analysis of the mentioned economists views on the resource scarcity problem. The author pays special attention in the study to land resources, since their scarcity is a factor that stimulates the processing of organic waste.
The study provides understanding of the theoretical prerequisites that justify the need to process organic waste. In particular, the article offers a brief substantiation of the need for processing organic waste in the Russian Federation. The analysis of modern economic concepts that imply the need for waste recycling: circular economy, bioeconomics, circular bioeconomics is also included in the article. These directions of thought can be combined by ecological economics — modern economic mainstream, which becomes increasingly popular. In particular, the article offers a brief substantiation of the necessity to process organic waste in the Russian Federation based on the principles of a circular economy.
On the issue of assessing the effectiveness and risk reduction of the company’s environmental-focused development strategy
Authors: Makolova Lyudmila , Kiseleva Svetlana , Vishnyakov Yakov
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of the strategy of environmental-oriented development of the enterprise based on the analysis of the processes of reducing the volume of waste from the production activities of the enterprise. An effective environmental-oriented strategy of the enterprise involves reducing the negative impact of the enterprise on the environment in the course of its production activities, based on the implementation of the least environmentally hazardous technologies for the disposal or disposal of waste from production activities. An approach is presented that assumes the creation of a synergistic environmental effect, which will be based on interaction in the supply chains of enterprises that are links in the supply chain in order to reduce the volume of waste from production activities. Based on the study of the processes of waste generation in the implementation of industrial activities of enterprises and as a result of environmental pollution, three variants of the waste management strategy based on the use of the projection method are formed. It is proposed to use the synergistic effect arising from the cooperation of activities in the supply chain in order to optimize the greening of production activities. In the interests of improving the efficiency and safety of strategies for environmental-focused development of enterprises, the authors pay attention to the development of tools for reducing the risks of complex systems projects and innovative technologies implemented at enterprises. The relevance of the development of a new approach to the examination of complex systems and innovative technologies is justified. The necessity of creating, implementing and implementing in practice methodological and organizational-methodological support for conducting a comprehensive environmental and socio-focused expertise of projects of complex systems and innovative technologies and training experts in order to improve the efficiency and safety of strategies for environmental-focused oriented development of enterprises is outlined.
State regulation in the field of energy conservation and energy efficiency
Authors: Kameristaya Maria , Basamykina Alena
Published: February 2022

The article examines the regulatory aspects of energy conservation and energy efficiency, specific terminological tools and technological procedures. The authors provide a critical review of the policy in Russian Federation in the field of energy conservation and energy efficiency in goods realization; construction and operation of buildings, enterprises, facilities; and energy audits. The quality comparison analysis of state regulation in the field of energy conservation and energy efficiency in Russian Federation and Sweden is carried out. Based on comparison analysis, it has been established that Russian Federation has not achieved such progress as the EU countries. The idea is substantiated that an extensive internal energy supply, cold climate, and inefficient technologies lead to high energy intensity remaining inherent in every Russian economy sector. It is reflected that main problems are the lack of a unified methodology for conducting energy audits, the provision of qualified personnel, the construction of a model for regulating activities in the field of energy conservation and energy efficiency. It is concluded that mechanisms of state support for energy conservation and energy efficiency improvement, organizational and information support for implementation of goals and objectives of this program should include/add: provision of state debt to enterprises for projects implementation; creation a complete and understandable state information system (monitoring the situation); methodological and regulatory support for energy saving and energy efficiency improvement; investment, co-financing of the best regional projects (provision of subsidies); training and advanced training of persons responsible for the growth of energy efficiency (executive power, budgetary and commercial organizations, population); motivating the formation of a lean and economic model of citizens’ behavior.
New waste management within Russian Universities
Authors: Plastinina Iuliia , Berezyuk Maria , Rumyantseva Aliona , Chaschin Мaxim
Published: February 2022

The subject of this article is the effective waste management at the Ural Federal University (UrFU). The topic of waste management has become increasingly relevant in recent years. At the moment, the Russian Federation is undergoing reforms in the field of municipal waste management, which also affects educational institutions. Wherein graduate school should reflect the advanced knowledge, experience and trends that exist in society. Purpose of the study was improving this system, taking into account the regulatory and legal requirements of the State involving modern challenges and best practices. Since in the new Russian conditions there is no uniform practice of forming this system, the article analyzes the treatment of MSW across the globe. This scheme of circulation in Russian universities can be exemplified by related work. The successful introduction of separate waste collection at the university, with the support of its administration, is largely due to economic interest. The rationale for implementing a separate waste collection system was based on economic efficiency. This efficiency was determined on the income ratio between costs for removal part of the generated municipal waste and the subsequent sale through utilisation companies combined with the cost of organizing Sustainable Waste Collection in UrFU. Calculations have shown that separate waste collection organized on the territory of a large institution (UrFU) can be economically efficient in collecting the most massive, demanded fractions. The proposed system of waste collection management can be used as a model for implementation in UrFU and other universities of the Russian Federation, as well as considered one of the major components of the environmental and economic activities of Russian universities. This system has of course taken into account international ratings of the «green» economy and sustainable development.
Exosomes Participate in the Radiotherapy Resistance of Cancers
Authors: He Dan , Zhao Zhe , Fu Bo , Li Xiaofei , Zhao Long , Chen Yongbin , Liu Lei , Liu Rui , Li Jingyi
Published: February 2022

Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment modalities for cancer. However, some cancer patients will gradually develop resistance to radiotherapy, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Radiation therapy usually promotes the secretion of exosomes from tumor cells and causes changes in their internal components. Accumulating evidence reveals that exosomes-mediated radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is closely involved in radiotherapy resistance. In this article, we will discuss the relationship between exosomes and RIBE, highlight the effect of exosome components on resistance to radiation, and emphasize the role of exosome inclusion as a tumor biomarker for the prognosis of tumor treatment to develop new therapeutic approaches.