bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Carbon Democracy to Carbon Rebellion: Countering Petro-Hegemony on the Frontlines of Climate Justice
Authors: LeQuesne Theo
Published: March 2019

This essay combines salient instances of climate justice activism in key battlegrounds against the fossil fuel industry in the United States and Canada with theoretical interventions in studies of corporate power, grassroots democracy, and counter hegemony. It explores Timothy Mitchell's Carbon Democracy and the term’s relevance to understanding the conditions in which climate justice activists must combat the entrenched interests of fossil fuel companies.  It suggests that Carbon Democracy is a helpful concept for understanding how fossil fuel dependency both shapes and distorts democratic governance. Drawing upon insights in three case studies - activism against Chevron in Richmond California, the Water Protectors and the Dakota Access Pipeline at Standing Rock, and the First Nations-led fight against the Trans Mountain Pipeline in British Columbia - the essay supplements Carbon Democracy with two more terms: Petro-Hegemony and Carbon Rebellion. These reveal three power relations, namely consent, compliance, and coercion, upon which fossil fuel companies depend and in which climate justice activists must strategically intervene to move beyond conditions of Carbon Democracy. I show that dual power is a logic of strategic intervention that climate justice activists are successfully using to intervene in all three of these relations to reign in corporate power and assert their own sovereignty.
Shoma Hamal Gurung. Nepali Migrant Women: Resistance and Survival in America
Authors: Grossman-Thompson Barbara
Published: March 2019

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Editors' Introduction
Authors: Smith Jackie , Bair Jennifer , Manning Patrick , Ruvolo David , Brode Adam
Published: March 2019

Editors' Introduction Winter/Spring 2019
Introduction: The Dynamics and Terrains of Local Democracy and Corporate Power in the 21st Century
Authors: Manski Ben , Smith Jackie
Published: March 2019

Particular to the struggles of today is a renewed and increasingly networked politics of local democracy in opposition to global corporate power. With the five urgent essays in this symposium we bring these politics into a world-systems space, considering specific community conflicts with corporations over water and petro-carbon as part of larger translocal struggles, and taking up broader strategies for asserting democratic control over economic life. The included essays feature two of four terrains of struggle —the translocalization of local resistance and contests over sovereignty – that we see as significant in the contemporary dynamics of local democracy and corporate power. We identify additional examples of contests on each these terrains of struggle, as well as those terrains involving contestation of the corporation itself and of alternative global constitutionalisms, in mapping the dimensions of the developing period of community-corporate struggle. Our purpose is to set in motion further collaborations between academic and community-based scholars, with the goal of equipping communities with knowledge useful in expanding and deepening democracy.
Marion Werner. Global Displacements: The Making of Uneven Development in the Caribbean
Authors: Sprague Jeb
Published: March 2019

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Folha CEFET: O Jornal Escolar do Campus Maria da Graça
Authors: Nora Andreza Barboza
Published: March 2019

O Folha Cefet, jornal escolar do campus Maria da Graça do CEFET-RJ, tem como objetivos específicos divulgar as atividades desenvolvidas na unidade, impulsionando a participação da comunidade em diferentes ações pedagógicas, científicas e culturais promovidas; propiciar a interação entre os diferentes segmentos que compõem a comunidade escolar (estudantes, professores, servidores técnico-administrativos e famílias), proporcionar espaço para a discussão de situações do cotidiano escolar e extraescolar, além de possibilitar aos alunos uma imersão no estudo, para além do espaço da sala de aula, de variados gêneros discursivos que compõem um jornal. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um relato sobre a criação e o desenvolvimento de diferentes atividades do Folha Cefet, que está hospedado na plataforma colaborativa wikijornal, tendo publicado até então 106 artigos e atingido a marca de 26.000 leituras.
Testing Weak Form of Market Efficiency of DSE Based on Random Walk Hypothesis Model: A Parametric Test Approach
Authors: Sadat Ahmed Raihan , Hasan Md. Emran
Published: March 2019

Stock market is one great indicator of any country’s economic condition. Hence, measuring the capital market in different forms has always been a great interest to finance researchers. This paper measures the market efficiency and randomness of Dhaka stock Exchange (DSE) in weak form employing daily observations (return) from two comparatively new ventured indices viz. DS30 and DSEX. Initially, the study tests for normality using Jarque-Bera test of normality and found data series are not normally distributed. Later, some widely used parametric tests were conducted to examine the historic price dependencies or to examine the random walk hypothesis (RWH) of DSE indices. Augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF), Autocorrelation function (ACF), and variance ratio test (Lo & MacKinlay) were used and all of the results suggested DSE to be not efficient in weak form. Meaning, prices of DSE do not follow a random walk.
Development and Environment: Industrial Action in the Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania, 1947–1968
Authors: Straub Alexandra
Published: March 2019

Coal mining is a historically dirty business, creating numerous environmental problems. This article examines the detrimental impact anthracite mining had on the environment of northeastern Pennsylvania and the involvement of local groups, specifically business interests, in their efforts to reverse the effects of mining in the post–World War II era. Despite a rich social and labor historiography of the anthracite coalfields, little has been written on the environmental aspects of the region. The traditional historical perspective is one of environmental degradation due to uncontrolled capitalism. These accounts largely ignore the environmental perspectives and reactions of local interests. Examining local involvement reveals a strong correlation between a healthy environment and economic progress that ultimately changed the environment of the area. Seen in this way, business and environmental interests in the anthracite region were two sides of the same coin.
Trombocitopenia inmune primaria aguda presentación clínica y manejo en pacientes pediátricos, Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas
Authors: Aldana Raudales Alejandra María , Aldana Raudales Ana , Aldana Raudales Allan Mauricio , Martínez Roxana
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: La trombocitopenia inmune primaria, conocida como púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (PTI), es un trastorno autoinmune adquirido que afecta adultos y niños. Objetivo: Caracterizar los pacientes pediátricos con PTI aguda mediante su identificación y seguimiento en el Hospital Nacional Mario Catarino Rivas (HNMCR) entre 1 febrero del 2016 al 31 enero del 2017. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, diseño no experimental longitudinal – prospectivo, alcance descriptivo. La población es todo paciente menor de 18 años de edad, que acudió al HNMCR con PTI aguda. La muestra 47 pacientes. Excluidos pacientes previamente diagnosticados con PTI, con segundos episodios o recaídas, con patologías sobre agregadas. Información recopilada mediante un instrumento tipo encuesta: situación demográfica, área geográfica y revisión del expediente clínico, los datos fueron analizados con el programa EPIINFO y EXCEL. Resultados: En cuanto al grupo etario el 56% fueron menores de cinco años de edad, la distribución por sexos hubo predominio del sexo masculino. 81% de los niños fueron hospitalizados, el resto recibió manejo ambulatorio; sin embargo en el 100% se inició alguna terapia con resolución de la trombocitopenia a los 3 meses. Luego del seguimiento, el diagnóstico final de los casos captados fue PTI aguda 58%(n=27), evolucionaron a la cronicidad 20% (n=9), el 22% (n=10) abandonaron seguimiento. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes con PTI son admitidos al hospital, aunque su conteo de plaquetas no los ponga en riesgo claro de hemorragias espontáneas, por no haber guías de manejo en nuestro hospital.

Palabras clavePurpura, Immune, Trombocitopenia
Eritrodermia Ictiosiforme Congénita no ampollosa
Authors: Valladares Ramos Alejandra María , Caballero Castro Héctor Rubén
Published: March 2019

Recién nacido pretérmino de 26 semanas de gestación, madre secundigesta de 31 años. Desde su nacimiento con piel tensa, brillante, y eritema generalizado (Fig. A), descamación de intensidad variable y engrosamiento palmoplantar (Fig.B). La biopsia de piel reveló Eritrodermia Ictiosiforme Congénita no Ampollosa.
Repositórios virtuais da legislação brasileira: O caso da educação indígena
Authors: Virgilio Jefferson
Published: March 2019

Introdução: O presente texto apresenta os principais repositórios de materiais digitais sobre a legislação brasileira. É restrita a busca e a apresentação para os repositórios institucionais que são mantidos pelo Estado brasileiro. Método: É realizada a apresentação da pesquisa realizada nestes repositórios virtuais visando recuperar os conteúdos de materiais que eram identificados como de difícil ou restrito acesso em momentos prévios à digitalização destes e sua disponibilização posterior em ambiente online. A pesquisa é direcionada, especificamente, sobre a legislação envolvendo a catequização e a educação indígena no Brasil. Resultados: Reflete sobre os impactos positivos posteriores à disponibilização gratuita e em ambiente online destes materiais e pela plena possibilidade de realização de pesquisa em uma instituição de investigação estrangeira (em Portugal) sem a necessidade imediata de deslocamento para visita ou consulta aos arquivos físicos. Conclusão: Por fim, em menor grau, inclui breves reflexões sobre a possibilidade de consulta aos conteúdos de materiais antigos e raros sem colocar em risco a preservação e a integridade destes materiais.
Gestão do conhecimento e gestão por competências: estudo de caso no arquivo da Justiça do Trabalho de Londrina
Authors: Ramirez Bernal Diana Marcela , Molina Leticia Gorri
Published: March 2019

Introdução: A pesquisa analisou a importância das competências exigidas para aplicação da gestão do conhecimento no Arquivo da Justiça do Trabalho de Londrina. Método: foi utilizado o estudo de caso, aplicando-se como fontes de evidência para coleta de dados o questionário com os servidores do Arquivo, observação direta e análise da documentação. Resultados: evidenciou-se que as atividades no Arquivo são rotineiras e muitas baseadas na legislação do judiciário, o que prejudica o desenvolvimento de ideias que criem um ambiente gerador de conhecimento. Em relação às competências comportamentais, verificou-se uma ordem de importância, apresentadas da mais para menos importante: autoconsciência, empatia, automotivação, autocontrole, e comunicação. Conclusão: embora os servidores desempenhem algumas das atividades voltadas à gestão do conhecimento, elas não são registradas, visto que o foco das atividades realizadas no Arquivo está voltado para ações relacionadas a normas e leis que regem tais atividades.
Expediente V6N2
Authors: Editorial AtoZ Comitê
Published: March 2019

Informações sobre a elaboração do respectivo número
Editorial
Authors: Menezes Glauco Gomes de , Fernandes Flávia Roberta , Sanchez Cristiane Sinimbu , Guimarães André José Ribeiro , Kava Luana
Published: March 2019

Apresenta os principais temas a serem abordados no novo número, a saber: gestão da informação no âmbito do serviço público, arquivos públicos e repositórios institucionais.
Acute transaminitis as an atypical presentation of Graft-versus-Host Disease following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Ramkissoon Resham , Shetty Akshay , Doyle Adam , Adeyi Oyedele A. , Patel Keyur
Published: March 2019

Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) can present with mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations, specifically a cholestatic transaminitis. Rarely, some cases can present with only a hepatocellular transaminitis. Our patient presented with an acute hepatitis on day +90 post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant, without other overt manifestations of GVHD. The initial work up was negative for a viral etiology or causative drug, and the patient’s transaminases continued to rise. On day +96, an erythematous rash appeared with biopsy indicating lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltrates concerning for cutaneous GVHD. Subsequently, a liver biopsy was obtained, and showed marked ductopenia with cholestasis, consistent with hepatic GVHD.
Lost in transition-Newly qualified registered nurses and their transition to practice journey in the first six months: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Teoh Yen Tjuin Eugene , Lim Yi Jia
Published: March 2019

Background and objective: Poor transition to practice during the first year of graduate nurses' employment causes compromised patient care and a high staff turnover. Globally, as the world grapples with an ageing population and increasing healthcare demands, it is imperative to retain newly qualified Registered Nurses to sustain the nursing workforce. Objectives: To explore newly qualified Registered Nurses on their transition to practice journey during their first six months of employment.Methods: Design: A qualitative descriptive design. Settings: A large metropolitan public hospital in Singapore. Participants: A purposive sample of eleven newly qualified Registered Nurses with six months of graduate working experience. Methods: One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was employed in this study.Results: Three themes emerged from the data analysis: personal adaptations, professional adaptations and organisational adaptations. Subthemes of personal adaptations include a new experience, seeking help and coping with transition. Under professional adaptations, the subthemes are accountability, coordination, interprofessional relationships and knowledge. Subthemes of organisational adaptations are staff support, working environment and transition to practice programme.Conclusions: The findings emphasized the importance of establishing responsibilities, performance expectations and appropriate workplace behaviors guidelines, and to bridge the gap between transition to practice programme and preceptorship is also necessary.
Attachment Play Related to Piaget's Conservation Task with Parent
Authors: Watanabe Nobuki
Published: March 2019

Piaget's conservation concept still influences many disciplines such as pedagogy and psychology. It is said that this idea is difficult for children to acquire before they are 6 years old if Piaget’s task methods are adhered to. This study aims to verify whether the acquisition of the conservation concept (substance, weight, and volume) can be accelerated through an intentional environmental change (the setting of play related to conservation accompanied by the development of affection with parent). To this end, a single case study was conducted on a 3-year-old child. Specifically, monthly retention tasks (and related content) were executed in the form of a quiz game. The results of the experiment suggested that the conservation concept may be obtained by 3-year-old children. Hence, it may be asserted that play related to conservation accompanied by the formation of attachment with a parent influences the early acquisition of the conservation concepts of substance, weight, and volume.
Extraordinary Educative Environmental Events
Authors: Kwan Ming , Kong Anthony , Liu David
Published: March 2019

Using educative environmental protection events such as “Environmental Protection Pioneer Campaign”, “Rewarding Recycling Campaign”, “Green Efforts Give Great Rewards Event”, “Environmental Protection Workshop”, “Environmental Campaign Day”, “Environmental Protection Carnival” and “Second-hand Bazaar” held in Park Island, Hong Kong, as a case study, the purpose is exploring how educative environmental protection events contribute to demonstrate environmentally friendly property management and raise the environmental protection awareness and encourage residents’ involvement to live green.

Design/Methodology/Approach—This paper identifies environmental protection events as an effective strategy to raise environmental awareness for all of the estate residents. The objectives of environmental protection events aimat showing the importance of community involvement, demonstrating educative environmentally friendly property management and encourage residents to live green. Authors conducted twenty-five in-depth semi-structured interviews with participants so as to fully understand the contributions made by the events.

Findings—Educative environmental protection events were perceived by all of the study participants as effective and educative events, which raised environmental awareness, upheld moral obligation to engage in environmental protection, and induced greater pro-environmental behavior to sustainability. Based on the results, the framework of 10 Cs is revealed which contributes to environmentally friendly environment for the next generation. These contributions are:

1) Circulating surplus materials to the needy

2) Choosing public transportation

3) Committing to green education

4) Cultivating pro-environmental behavior

5) Caring for sustainable development

6) Cutting Carbon lifestyle

7) Coordinating efforts to reduce, reuse, and recycle

8) Consuming less electricity

9) Concerning ocean creatures protection

10) Ceasing ozone depleting chemicals products

Practical implications—Based on the insights gained from participants, the 10 Cs contributions are made by educative environmental protection events for nurturing moral obligation to demonstrate environmentally friendly property management and raise the environmental protection awareness and encourage residents’ involvement to live green. Participants should take part in all environmental-protection measures daily. The Estate Management Company and government should deepen cooperation in environmental protection, intensify ecological preservation and build a green living environment.

Originality/value—This paper urges for the importance of all residents, all estate management companies and government to engage in environmental protection for sustainable development. The aim of such an episode is to arouse all stakeholders to participate in environmental protection actively and attentively for green environment.
Business Taxation in an Emerging Economy: Analysing Corporate Tax Incidence
Authors: Agarwal Samiksha , Chakraborty Lekha
Published: March 2019

This paper estimates the incidence of corporate taxes in an emerging economy –India- using the data from 5,666 business firms listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) for the period 2000-15. Using the dynamic panel models, we find that capital bear the burden of corporate taxation relatively more than the labour. Our findings highlight that the effective tax rate is higher for the small corporate firms than the gigantic firms. The tax policy implications for strengthening the wage bargaining frameworks is insignificant as we found the wage determination in India is mostly outside the purview of fiscal policy practices. Further research is required to understand whether less incidence of corporate taxation on wages in India is due to base erosion and profit shifting.
The Theme of Religion in School Environment, Discussion with Teachers and Students
Authors: Gulová Lenka , Trapl František
Published: March 2019

This article deals with the topic of school and religion, it opens a discussion on the presence of spirituality in the school environment and brings an analysis of a survey research. The research was aimed at the area of values, culture and religion in the school environment. The problem was explored through qualitative research strategy. The respondent group consisted of teachers and students who are familiar with the topic of values and spirituality in the school environment. Thus, the group of respondents is selected purposefully and a grounded theory a qualitative research method was chosen. Data gathering was done by focus group discussions (four focus groups) which were transcribed and analyzed by open coding. At the beginning of the analysis it was necessary to establish individual terms that emerged from the discussion. Also, a certain reflection has been made about those terms, how are they viewed and what is “behind them”. The goal of the survey was to acquire statements from teachers and students about the situation in the school environment regarding the topic of values and spirituality as a part of the culture of recognition in the school environment.
Church and Religiousness of the Contemporary Czechs. Pedagogue’s Reflections Based on the Polish Sources
Authors: Ładyżyński Andrzej
Published: March 2019

Church and religiousness in the Czech Republic are utterly fascinating matters. Czechs' historical experiences make them more distanced from the Churches, especially the Catholic Church, hence working out differential attitudes to those of neighbouring countries. Two doctrines of Protestantism and Catholicism are heavily impacting each other in the Czech Republic. This though affects the attitudes of the Czech Republic citizens. Contemporary Czechs defy the institutional forms of religiousness. They recognize it as private and individual matters and the whole society is highly laicized.
Moderating Role of Cognitive Style in Decision Making on the Relationshipbetween Satisfaction Factor and Turnover Intention
Authors: Mughal Yasir Hayat , Shah Azmat Ali
Published: March 2019

The aim of the paper is to identify the moderating effect of analytical cognitive style on the relationship between salary satisfaction and turnover intention among academicians. The survey approach questions were used in order to collect the primary data from informants. Total 502 complete questionnaires were collected back and used in the analysis. SPSS 21 was sued for developing database for analyzing data. The bivariate correlation and hierarchical multiple regression was used in analysis. The results of correlation revealed the significant relationship between salary and turnover intention, salary and analytical cognitive style, analytical and turnover intention. The academicians were found satisfied from the salary packages. The analytical cognitive style was found acting as a moderator between salary satisfaction and turnover intention. Complete moderation has occurred. So this study introduced the new model of job satisfaction with novel results of moderation in the theory of job satisfaction.
Impossibility and Certainty
Authors: Mejía Colindres Carlos A. , Peters Stephanie
Published: March 2019

Eighth graders had a misconception regarding the concepts of impossibility and certainty as they considered the chances of obtaining a particular color when an atypical two-color spinner was in play.
The RNA helicase UPF1 associates with mRNAs co-transcriptionally and is required for the release of mRNAs from gene loci
Authors: Singh Anand K , Choudhury Subhendu Roy , De Sandip , Zhang Jie , Kissane Stephen , Dwivedi Vibha , Ramanathan Preethi , Petric Marija , Orsini Luisa , Hebenstreit Daniel , Brogna Saverio
Published: March 2019

UPF1 is an RNA helicase that is required for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) in eukaryotes, and the predominant view is that UPF1 mainly operates on the 3’UTRs of mRNAs that are directed for NMD in the cytoplasm. Here we offer evidence, obtained from Drosophila, that UPF1 constantly moves between the nucleus and cytoplasm by a mechanism that requires its RNA helicase activity. UPF1 is associated, genome-wide, with nascent RNAs at most of the active Pol II transcription sites and at some Pol III-transcribed genes, as demonstrated microscopically on the polytene chromosomes of salivary glands and by ChIP-seq analysis in S2 cells. Intron recognition seems to interfere with association and translocation of UPF1 on nascent pre-mRNAs, and cells depleted of UPF1 show defects in the release of mRNAs from transcription sites and their export from the nucleus.
Modeling breathing rhythms
Authors: Ramirez Jan-Marino , Baertsch Nathan A
Published: March 2019

Computational models are helping researchers to understand how certain properties of neurons contribute to respiratory rhythms.
Longitudinal Assessment of Medical Student Emotional Intelligence Over Preclinical Training
Authors: Mintle Linda S. , Greer Clark F. , Russo Lauren E.
Published: March 2019

Context

Given the importance of emotional intelligence (EI) in physician leadership and success, the possible decline of EI over the course of training is a concern in medical education.

Objectives

To assess the EI of osteopathic medical students as they progress through the preclinical years of medical school, to discover the course of EI over time, and to identify specific core EI competencies to be enhanced or coached.

Methods

This exploratory, longitudinal study used survey data to assess the course and competencies of EI in the incoming 2019 class of medical students at a college of osteopathic medicine. Changes in EI overall scores and the 8 core competency scale scores were assessed, and additional demographic data were collected for use in analysis. Methods of analysis included paired samples t test, independent samples t test, Pearson product moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Statistical significance was defined as P<.05.

Results

Sixty-two participants completed the Six Seconds Emotional Intelligence Assessment survey at orientation and again after their second year. Overall EI scores declined over the course of the preclinical training for men and women (t
6
1=4.24, P<.001), although no differences were noted by gender when independent-samples t tests were run. However, 2 of the 8 competency scales of the composite EI scores did not decline over time—Enhanced Emotional Literacy and Pursue Noble Goals. A weak negative correlation was found between Medical College Admission Test scores and the scale of Apply Consequential Thinking (r=−0.3, P<.05). A weak positive correlation was found between grade point average and intrinsic motivation (r=0.3, P<.05) and optimism (r=0.3, P<.05), and a moderate positive correlation existed between preboard examination scores and intrinsic motivation (r=0.5, P<.001) and optimism (r=0.4, P<.01). None of the chosen independent variables (academic grades, test scores, age, or gender) contributed to overall EI scores.

Conclusions

During the preclinical training, osteopathic medical students’ overall EI scores, as well as 6 of the 8 core competency scales, declined. Therefore, EI coaching is warranted to address specific core competencies needed to build, enhance, and prevent the decline of EI through preclinical training.
Maternal Nutrition and Fetal Programming of the Immune System: Epidemiological and Experimental Evidences
Authors: Ahmad Siti Rohaiza
Published: March 2019

Maternal nutrition will not only affects pregnancy outcomes (such as birth weight) but will also affect the state of the fetus in their adult life in terms of diseases occurrence and also immune system development. Inadequate nutrition particularly will have a negative impact on the proliferation of the various cell populations responsible for the immune functions as well as the accumulation of high concentrations of inflammatory components. Maternal nutrition affects immunity ‘programming' during the period of pre-natal and post-natal life. Over the last decade, epidemiological and experimental studies have helped to expedite more understanding of immunity ‘programming.' External exposures such as smoking, alcohol and drugs during fetal life have also shown to have an impact on immunity ‘programming.' In this review, the relationship between fetal programming and the immune system, such as effects on the various immune-cellular components through some evidence from epidemiological and experimental models will be discussed.
Efficacy of Herbicide Glyphosate Hijack® on the Blood Parameters of the Freshwater Fish, Catla catla (HAM)
Authors: Felix F. Jerald , . Saradhamani , Prabhu F. Charles Maria , . Mahalakshmi
Published: March 2019

The present study was carried out to study of the haematology of the freshwater fish, Catla catla were exposed to herbicide glyphosate hijack® for 10, 20 and 30 days in laboratory condition. Several haematological changes such as RBC, WBC, HB, HCT, Blood Glucose, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Total Protein were observed in fish blood would serve as a useful purpose in evaluating the toxic effects of herbicide glyphosate hijack® (41%). All the values were significantly decreased from control. The maximum decreased level of activities in all these blood values was at 30 days. It has been concluded that herbicide glyphosate hijack ® (41%) at sub-lethal concentration may alter the RBC, WBC, HB, HCT, total glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and total protein in blood in all the exposure periods.
Growth and Yield Response to Fertilizer Application and Nutritive Quality of Huckleberry (Solanum scabrum Mill.) Varieties Cultivatedin the Mount Cameroon Region
Authors: Agwa Mbah H. , Njoh Ndah R. , Andrew Egbe E.
Published: March 2019

This study evaluated the effects of fertilizer on growth, yield and the nutritive value of three varieties of huckleberry (“White stem”, “Bamenda” and “Foumbot”). The treatments were NPK (20:10:10) at levels 0, 100, 150, 200Kg/ha and 10 Mg/ha poultry manure and the experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The Kjeldahl procedure was used for crude protein determination. The lipid content was determined with the soxlet reflux heat extraction method. The ß-carotene content was determined using spectrophotometry. Results indicated that plants supplied with 200 Kg NPK/ha fertilizer treatment had the highest plant height (66 cm) and leaf number (242) in “White stem” and “Bamenda” varieties respectively and these were significantly different from the control (P = 0.05). Leaf area was highest in “Foumbot” variety (343.1 cm2). The longest tap root length and number of primary lateral roots were noted particularly in “White stem” control plants and this was significantly different (P = 0.05) from plants supplied with fertilizers. Plants supplied with 10 Mg/ha poultry manure recorded the highest total yield for “White stem” (44.83 Mg/ha) while plants supplied 200 Kg NPK/ha had maximum yield for the “Bamenda” and “Foumbot” varieties (36.96 and 31.84 Mg/ha respectively). The “White stem” variety had the highest crude protein (303.8 mg/100 g) and ß-carotene content (1.9 mg/100 g); “Bamenda” variety had the highest total lipid (8.15%), and crude fibre (14.15%) contents, while total ash was highest in “Foumbot” (16.54%). Appropriate fertilizer levels would considerably improve huckleberry yield as well as improve income of vegetable farmers.
Pulses Diseases “Important limiting factor in yield’’ and their Managements
Authors: Iqbal Junaid , Yousaf Usama , Zia Sana , Asgher Aqsa , Afzal Rabail , Ali Mujahid , Sheikh Anas Ur Rehman , Sher Aalam
Published: March 2019

Legume crops are very important group of plants that belong to Fabaceae or leguminaceae family and are rich in different essential amino acids. These legumes prove to be the cheapest and most easily accessible source of required proteins. Humans need proper amount of proteins and essential amino acids that are crucial for the proper functioning of the body. In developed countries a large number of diverse diets including meat, fish, protein, drinks and food supplements are readily available but the developing countries having very small income per capita cannot afford all of these commodities. They fulfill their nutritional value by using legume crops. But in developing countries pulses face a number of biotic challenges. They have low production due to less improved varieties. Major damage to the pulse crops is due to the range of bacterial, fungal and viral diseases that drastically reduce the crop production per unit area. Major diseases of pulse crops include chickpea (Blight, Fusarium wilt, root rot), Green and Black gram (Leaf crinckle virus, Mung bean yellow mosaic virus, Mungbean phyllody disease, Cercospora leaf spot, Powdery Mildew), lentil (Ascochyta Blight, Stemphylium Blight, Anthracnose, Botrytis grey mold, Lentil Rust) and soya bean (Charcoal rot, White mold, Louisiana, Root rot, Septoria glycines, Sclerotium rolfsii, Black root rot). These diseases can be controlled by many physical as well as biological methods that have low cost of production and safe to environment. The detailed elaboration of major pulse diseases and their effective control methods have been summarized in this review paper.
Biochemical Composition of Seed and Husk of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Infected by Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara in Storage
Authors: Amadioha A. C. , Nwazuo Enyiukwu David
Published: March 2019

Colletotrichum destructivum was isolated from infected seeds and pods of cowpea (Var. IAR-48) with typical symptoms of anthracnose disease. The fungus during the pathogenesis, reduced the protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate, calcium and phosphorus, and increased the amount of iron, sodium, zinc, magnesium and potassium in the infected seed and husk. The carbohydrate, protein and phosphorus contents in the healthy husk reduced from 55.05%, 11.21% and 171.85 mg to 39.94%, 8.92% and 42.92 respectively in the infected sample whereas potassium and sodium contents in the healthy pod increased from 1.03 mg and 78.29 to 2.90 mg and 100.65 mg respectively in the infected husk. The potassium, sodium, magnesium and iron increased from 1292.25 mg, 0.19 mg, 0.09 mg and 11.00 mg in the healthy seeds to 1536.03 mg, 0.28 mg, 0.21 mg and 13.19 mg respectively in the infected seeds. The fungus caused the depletion of phosphorus from 498. 06 mg in the healthy to 430.17 mg in the infected seed, protein from 24.09% to 17.86%, carbohydrate from 57.02% to 34.35%, fat from 1.70% to 1.33% and crude fibre from 3.94% to 2.61%. The average loss of the major nutrient values; protein, carbohydrate and fat were 28.95%  and 22.55% for seed and husk respectively after 8 weeks of planting.
Bioremediation of Industrial Effluent using Cyanobacterial Species: Phormidium mucicola and Anabaena aequalis
Authors: Dubey Sanjay Kumar , Vyas Preeti , Tiwari Pradeep , Viswas Amit J. , Bajpai S. P.
Published: March 2019

Different Industries discharge effluent in different water bodies, which is the only reason of pollution. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the biodegradation and biosorption capacity of some potential cyanobacterial species; Phormidium mucicola and Anabaena aequalis in Textile and Pharmaceutical industries, Mandideep, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India. Industrial effluents are contaminated with heavy metal. The effluents were subjected to biological treatment using axenic cyanobacterial strains as batch system for 7 days. Removal efficiencies of the different contaminants were evaluated and compared. Results confirmed the high efficiencies of the investigated species for the removal of the target contaminants which were species and contaminant-dependent. BOD and COD recorded 91.18 and 82.54% as maximum removal efficiencies achieved by Anabaena aequalis. The highest removal efficiencies of the total suspended solids recorded 53.23% achieved by Phormidium mucicola, while 41.61% was recorded as the highest TDS. Concerning the contaminant metals, Phormidium mucicola showed the highest biosorption capacity where 86.12 and 94.63% removal efficiencies were achieved for Zn and Cu, respectively. In conclusion, results of the study confirmed the advantageous potential of using the tested cyanobacterial species for the bioremediation of industrial effluent and clearly showed the quality improvement of the discharged effluent which in turn will eliminate or at least minimize the expected deterioration of the receiving environment.
Evaluation of Antifungal Activities of Five Plant Extracts against Pseudoperenospora cubensis (Downy Mildew) in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Falade M. J. , Borisade O. A. , Aluko M.
Published: March 2019

Laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effect of leaf extracts of five indigenous plant on conidia germination, growth and sporulation of Pseudoperenospora cubensis causing downy mildew disease of muskmelon. Extracts of five plant; mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), bush banana (Uvaria chamae), salt and oil tree (Cleistopholis patens), goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides) and African eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon) at Four concentrations (15, 30, 45 and 60%) were tested against the growth, conidial germination and sporulation of Pseudoperenospora cubensis in vitro.

Results show that all the plant extracts significantly inhibited conidia germination and radial growth compared to the control. The extracts had no significant (p≤0.05) effect on sporulation. The rate of inhibition of growth and conidia germination was concentration dependent being highest at 60% for the extracts. The extracts of Solanum macrocarpon was the most effective followed by Ageratum conyzoides, Cleistopholis patens and Uvaria chamea whileTithonia diversifolia caused the least inhibition of growth and conidia germination. At 15, 30, 45 and 60% concentrations growth of Pseudoperenospora cubensis on PDA modified with Solanum macrocqrponwere 3.79, 3.65, 3.33 and 2.87; and 4.25, 4.12, 3.92 and 3.89 for PDA modified with Tithonia diversifolia. Similarly, conidia germination percentages recorded at same concentration of extracts S. macrocarpon were 87, 85, 70 and 62% while that of T. diversifolia were 91, 87, 84 and 72%. The study shows that the plant extracts has the potential for inhibition of the pathogen.
Antiobesity Activity of Flavanoids Isolated from Solanum macrocarpum in Wistar Rats
Authors: Ngwa N. N. , Nnam N. M.
Published: March 2019

Aims: To correlate obesity/atherosclerosis with body mass index, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum low density lipoprotein   and serum high density lipoprotein of diet induced obese wistar rats.

Study Design: Department of Home Science, Nutrition and Dietetics (Animal research house) and Department of veterinary science both in University of Nigeria Nsukka. The study was conducted between January to March 2012.

Methodology: Four groups of twenty male Wistar rats were fed a highly palatable diet for 2 weeks to induce obesity resembling mild obesity condition in human population after one week acclimatization period. DIO rats received rat chow and flavonoids extract daily for 6 weeks. Group 1 received rat chow alone; Group 2- 0.05% of flavonoids extract and rat chow; Group 3- 0.15% of flavonoid extract and rat chow; and Group 4- 0.25% of flavonoid extract and rat chow. BMI, Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and Triglyceride were evaluated using standard assay technique. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and mean separated using LSD.

Results: Feeding the rats with palatable diet showed increased in BMI (from 0.35-0.40 to 0.60-0.65), total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels along with decrease in HDL (p<0.05). Consumption of flavonoids resulted in the significant reduction in BMI, LDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride level and exhibit significant elevation in  HDL cholesterol compared to the rats fed only rat chow (p<0.05). It was observed that the decrease in BMI, Triglyceride, total  cholesterol and LDL cholesterol level of rats fed 0.25% of flavonoids were significantly different (p<0.05) from those fed 0.15% and 0.05% flavonoids.

Conclusions: The results suggest that flavonoids extract from Solanum macranthum has atherogenic effect which can help to reduce obesity.
The Perception of Residents of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria about the Veterinary Profession
Authors: Ode Samuel A. , Nsoffor Ugoh , Gberindyer James S. , Akange-Ejeye Emmanuella N. , Luga Innocent I. , Useh Nicodemus M.
Published: March 2019

Veterinary medicine is the medical science that is concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of diseases, disorders and injuries of animals. A questionnaire-based study was conducted to investigate the perception of Nigerians resident in Makurdi city about the veterinary profession. Makurdi city, located in Central Nigeria, was divided into 10 sub-study areas for the purpose of the survey. Exactly 965 questionnaires were administered randomly to respondents in the study areas and collected immediately they were completed. Data obtained from the study was collated and analyzed using Chi square (statistical package for social sciences, SPSS) and values of P<0.05 were significant. Majority of the respondents (n=936 or 96.99 %) confirmed they had prior knowledge about the identity of a veterinary doctor before the study. Most respondents (P<0.05) strongly agreed that veterinary doctors usually receive more standard professional training than animal scientists. Half of the respondents (n=485 or 50.2%) (P<0.05) strongly agreed that veterinary and human medicine are complimentary in the disease control strategy plan of any nation. Majority of the respondents (P<0.05) either strongly agreed or agreed that ranches should be established for rearing livestock in Nigeria to prevent frequent farmer-herdsmen clashes that have been on the increase in recent times. The significance of these findings and the implication on the development of the livestock industry in Nigeria are discussed.
Screening and Characterisation of Keratin-Degrading Bacillus sp. from Feather Waste
Authors: Dada M. T. , Wakil S. M.
Published: March 2019

Aim: This study focuses on the screening and characterisation of keratin-degrading Bacillus species from feather waste.

Methods: Nine bacteria were isolated from feather waste obtained from a poultry layout at Egbeda local government secretariat, Ibadan, Nigeria. These bacteria were grown in basal medium with feather as primary source of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and energy. Feather degrading bacteria were screened for both proteolytic activity and keratin degradation on skimmed milk agar and keratin azure medium respectively. They were also screened for their ability to degrade other keratin substrates such as hair and nail.

Results: Three of the isolates with higher feather degradation levels also showed high proteolytic activity and release of azure dye. They were selected and identified phenotypically and genotypically using 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus licheniformis-K51, Bacillus subtilis-K50 and Bacillus sp.-K53. The bacteria were capable of degrading other keratin-containing substrates such as nail and hair. Bacillus subtilis-K50 and Bacillus licheniformis-K51 showed significant difference (P) in degradation among the three different keratin sources used yielding higher degradation with feather as keratin source with respective optical densities of 0.07 and 0.11 followed by hair and least in nails with optical densities of 0.05 and 0.07 respectively. Highest degradation of all the three keratin substrates was observed in Bacillus licheniformis-K51.

Conclusion: The three isolated bacteria possess the ability to degrade keratin and utilize feather as keratin substrate. As a result, these can be considered as potential candidates for degradation and utilization of feather keratin.
In vitro Study of Antagonistic Capability of Trichoderma harzianum against Aspergillus niger Isolated from Rotten White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Tubers
Authors: Gwa V. I. , Nwankiti A. O. , Ekefan E. J.
Published: March 2019

In vitro antagonistic study using dual culture technique was carried out at Advanced Plant Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria to assess the potential capability of Trichoderma harzianum as a biocontrol agent against Aspergillus niger isolated from rotten yam tubers. The test antagonist (T. harzianum) was introduced at three different times (same time with pathogen, two days before the inoculation of the pathogen and two days after the inoculation of the pathogen). The plates were incubated for 192 hours and measurements of mycelial radial growths were recorded at intervals of 24 hours beginning from the third day. The results of in vitro interactions between T. harzianum and A. niger revealed that T. harzianum was able to significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inhibit the growth of A. niger at the three different times of introduction of T. harzianum and this increased with the time of incubation. T. harzianum grew faster than A. niger and produced inhibition zones which completely stopped the growth of A. niger. Mean percentage growth inhibition was found to be highest (77.79%) when T. harzianum was introduced 2 days before inoculation of A. niger followed by  introduction of T. harzianum same with A. niger (45.96%). The least percentage growth inhibition (28.47%) was recorded when T. harzianum was introduced 2 days after inoculation of A. niger. In all cases, T. harzianum was observed to be effective at checking the growth of A. niger in vitro and therefore showed the capability for the biological control of the pathogen. It is therefore recommended that for effective in-vitro control of A. niger, T. harzianum should be introduced 2 days before the arrival of A. niger.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Hospital Sinks in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Oluranti Olayinka Oluyemi , Ubanagu Chiamaka Ifeoma , Oluwasemowo Olukunle Oluwapamilerin , Akinola Omowunmi Temidayo , Nejo Yewande Tolulope , Motayo Babatunde Olanrewaju
Published: March 2019

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has been identified as a major pathogen in man, causing both opportunistic and nosocomial infections. Pseudomonas is a ubiquitous organism often isolated from various surfaces, which have the ability to form biofilms, making it a unique organism of medical importance.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa isolated from hospital sinks and their antibiotic resistance profile.

Methods: Swab samples were collected from hospital sinks in five health care institutions and inoculated unto Nutrient agar and sub cultured on cetrimide agar. Isolated P. aeruginosa were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using CSLI guidelines.

Results: Prevalence of Pseudomonas species isolated from the hospitals’ sinks was 56%. High level resistance was recorded against amoxicillin/clavunalate, ampicillin and ceftriaxone. Resistance profile of the isolates clustered into two main clades clade A and clade B, with clade A isolates recording a higher MARI score.

Conclusion: Isolation of multi-resistant P. aeruginosa from hospital sinks calls for improved hospital infection control practices. We advocate for inclusion of environmental surveillance, particularly of opportunistic pathogens in our hospitals.