bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe Drug-Induced Liver Injury as an Adverse Drug Event of Antibiotics: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Munz Martin , Grummich Hans , Birkmann Josef , Wilhelm Martin , Holzgrabe Ulrike , Sörgel Fritz
Published: September 2017

Drug-induced liver injury is one of the main reasons for acute liver failure. We report the case of a young patient who experienced a drug-induced liver injury resulting in life-threatening acute liver failure after treatment with different antibiotics (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, clindamycin) and acetaminophen, or a combination of these drugs. Moreover, we provide an overview of the hepatotoxic potential of these drugs.
Long Noncoding RNA CIR Promotes Chondrocyte Extracellular Matrix Degradation in Osteoarthritis by Acting as a Sponge For Mir-27b
Authors: Li Yu-Fei , Li Shu-Hua , Liu Yong , Luo Ya-Tong
Published: September 2017

Background/Aims: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation. The degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of chondrocyte is closely associated with the destruction of joints in OA patients. lncRNAs are non-coding segments of RNA that possess important regulatory functions at the cellular level and in a variety of pathophysiological processes. The present study was conducted to investigate whether lncRNA-CIR regulated the expression of MMP13 as a sponge of miR-27 in OA. Methods: Primary cultured chondrocytes were challenged by IL-1β and TNF-α to simulate OA conditions. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the miR-27, lncRNA-CIR, MMP13 mRNA expression levels. Western blot was applied to detect MMP13 protein expression. Soluble sGAG secretion/ formation was analysed by the dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay. lncRNA-CIR overexpression or inhibition was performed using overexpression plasmid and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), respectively. Results: lncRNA-CIR significantly up-regulated in OA patients, concomitantly down-regulated miR-27 and up-regulated MMP13. Bioinformatics analysis predicted miR-27 was the target of both lncRNA-CIR and MMP13. Overexpression of lncRNA-CIR significantly increased the expression of MMP13, while miR-27 remarkably suppressed the expression of MMP13, Accompanying with the increases of mRNA level, protein level and relative luciferase activity. Conclusion: The present findings indicated that lncRNA-CIR/miR-27/MMP13 axis involved in the degradation of the ECM of chondrocyte in OA.
Successful Treatment of Cardiac Angiosarcoma Associated with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation with Nab-Paclitaxel: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Honda Kazunori , Ando Masashi , Sugiyama Keiji , Mitani Seiichiro , Masuishi Toshiki , Narita Yukiya , Taniguchi Hiroya , Kadowaki Shigenori , Ura Takashi , Muro Kei
Published: September 2017

Angiosarcoma of the heart is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma. A few cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with angiosarcoma occurring in various organs, but not the heart, have been reported. Although taxane is commonly used in the treatment of metastatic angiosarcoma, data on the efficacy of nab-paclitaxel for angiosarcoma are limited. Here, we report probably the first case of a patient with primary cardiac angiosarcoma with coexisting DIC who was successfully treated with nab-paclitaxel. A 62-year-old female with chief complaints of nausea and shortness of breath was diagnosed as having cardiac angiosarcoma with liver metastases. Four months after the resection of her primary tumor, the hepatic metastatic lesions progressed rapidly accompanied by new metastatic lesions in the right iliac bone and signs of DIC. She received nab-paclitaxel as first-line chemotherapy. A response of stable disease was achieved after 2 treatment cycles and DIC was successfully controlled for at least 4 months. This report suggests potential utility of nab-paclitaxel for angiosarcoma complicated with DIC. We also review the literature for all cases of angiosarcoma with DIC reported so far.
Sympathomimetic Effects of Acute E‐Cigarette Use: Role of Nicotine and Non‐Nicotine Constituents
Authors: Moheimani Roya S. , Bhetraratana May , Peters Kacey M. , Yang Benjamin K. , Yin Fen , Gornbein Jeffrey , Araujo Jesus A. , Middlekauff Holly R.
Published: September 2017

Background

Chronic electronic (e) cigarette users have increased resting cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study is to determine the role of nicotine versus non‐nicotine constituents in e‐cigarette emissions in causing these pathologies in otherwise healthy humans.

Methods and Results

Thirty‐three healthy volunteers who were not current e‐cigarette or tobacco cigarette smokers were studied. On different days, each participant used an e‐cigarette with nicotine, an e‐cigarette without nicotine, or a sham control. Cardiac
sympathetic nerve activity
was determined by heart rate variability, and susceptibility to oxidative stress was determined by plasma paraoxonase activity. Following exposure to the e‐cigarette with nicotine, but not to the e‐cigarette without nicotine or the sham control, there was a significant and marked shift in cardiac sympathovagal balance towards sympathetic predominance. The decrease in high‐frequency component and the increases in the low‐frequency component and the
low‐frequency
to
high‐frequency
ratio were significantly greater following exposure to the e‐cigarette with nicotine compared with exposure to the e‐cigarette without nicotine or to sham control. Oxidative stress, as estimated by
plasma paraoxonase,
did not increase following any of the 3 exposures.

Conclusions

The acute sympathomimetic effect of e‐cigarettes is attributable to the inhaled nicotine, not to non‐nicotine constituents in e‐cigarette aerosol, recapitulating the same
heart rate variability
pattern associated with increased cardiac risk in multiple populations with and without known cardiac disease. Evidence of oxidative stress, as estimated by
plasma paraoxonase
activity, was not uncovered following acute e‐cigarette exposure.
Effects of Physical Activity on Poststroke Cognitive Function
Authors: Oberlin Lauren E. , Waiwood Aashna M. , Cumming Toby B. , Marsland Anna L. , Bernhardt Julie , Erickson Kirk I.
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose—

Despite the social, health, and economic burdens associated with cognitive impairment poststroke, there is considerable uncertainty about the types of interventions that might preserve or restore cognitive abilities. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of physical activity (PA) training on cognitive function poststroke and identify intervention and sample characteristics that may moderate treatment effects.

Methods—

Randomized controlled trials examining the association between structured PA training and cognitive performance poststroke were identified using electronic databases EMBASE and MEDLINE. Intervention effects were represented by Hedges’ g and combined into pooled effect sizes using random- and mixed-effects models. Effect sizes were subjected to moderation analyses using the between-group heterogeneity test.

Results—

Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria, representing data from 736 participants. The primary analysis yielded a positive overall effect of PA training on cognitive performance (Hedges’ g [95% confidence interval]=0.304 [0.14–0.47]). Mixed-effects analyses demonstrated that combined aerobic and strength training programs generated the largest cognitive gains and that improvements in cognitive performance were achieved even in the chronic stroke phase (mean=2.6 years poststroke). Positive moderate treatment effects were found for attention/processing speed measures (Hedges’ g [confidence interval]=0.37 [0.10–0.63]), while the executive function and working memory domains did not reach significance (
P
>0.05).

Conclusions—

We found a significant positive effect of PA training on cognition poststroke with small to moderate treatment effects that are apparent even in the chronic stroke phase. Our findings support the use of PA training as a treatment strategy to promote cognitive recovery in stroke survivors.
Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Safe and Simple Novel Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapies
Authors: Cranston Jessica S. , Kaplan Brett D. , Saver Jeffrey L.
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose—

Determining the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is essential for evaluating novel therapies. For acute ischemic stroke, expert surveys have yielded MCIDs that are substantially higher than the MCIDs observed in actual expert behavior in guideline writing and clinical practice, potentially because of anchoring bias.

Methods—

We administered a structured, internet-based survey to a cross-section of academic stroke neurologists in the United States. Survey responses assessed demographic and clinical experience, and expert judgment of the MCID of the absolute increase needed in the proportion of patients achieving functional independence at 3 months to consider a novel, safe neuroprotective agent as clinically worthwhile. To mitigate anchoring bias, the survey response framework used a base 1000 rather than base 100 patient framework.

Results—

Survey responses were received from 122 of 333 academic stroke neurologists, there were 23% women, 72.8% had ≥6 years of practice experience, and neurovascular disease accounted for more than half of practice time in >70%. Responder–nonresponder and continuum of resistance tests indicated that responders were representative of the full expert population. Among respondents, the median MCID was 1.3% (interquartile range, 0.8% to >2%).

Conclusions—

Stroke expert responses to MCID surveys are affected by anchoring and centrality bias. When survey design takes these into account, the expert-derived MCID for a safe acute ischemic stroke treatment is 1.1% to 1.5%, in accord with actual physician behavior in guideline writing and clinical practice. This revised MCID value can guide clinical trial design and grant-funding and regulatory agency decisions.
Normobaric Hyperoxia Reduces Blood Occludin Fragments in Rats and Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Shi Shuhai , Qi Zhifeng , Ma Qingfeng , Pan Rong , Timmins Graham S. , Zhao Yongmei , Shi Wenjuan , Zhang Yunzhou , Ji Xunming , Liu Ke Jian
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose—

Damage of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) increases the incidence of neurovascular complications, especially for cerebral hemorrhage after tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) therapy. Currently, there is no effective method to evaluate the extent of BBB damage to guide tPA use. Herein, we investigated whether blood levels of tight junction proteins could serve as biomarker of BBB damages in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in both rats and patients. We examined whether this biomarker could reflect the extent of BBB permeability during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and the effects of normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) on BBB damage.

Methods—

Rats were exposed to NBO (100% O
2
) or normoxia (21% O
2
) during middle cerebral artery occlusion. BBB permeability was determined. Occludin and claudin-5 in blood and cerebromicrovessels were measured. Patients with AIS were assigned to oxygen therapy or room air for 4 hours, and blood occludin and claudin-5 were measured at different time points after stroke.

Results—

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion resulted in the degradation of occludin and claudin-5 in microvessels, leading to increased BBB permeability in rats. In blood samples, occludin increased with 4-hour ischemia and remained elevated during reperfusion, correlating well with its loss from ischemic cerebral microvessels. NBO treatment both prevented occludin degradation in microvessels and reduced occludin levels in blood, leading to improved neurological functions in rats. In patients with AIS receiving intravenous tPA thrombolysis, the blood occludin was already elevated when patients arrived at hospital (within 4.5 hours since symptoms appeared) and remained at a high level for 72 hours. NBO significantly lowered the level of blood occludin and improved neurological functions in patients with AIS.

Conclusions—

Blood occludin may be a clinically viable biomarker for evaluating BBB damage during ischemia/reperfusion. NBO therapy has the potential to reduce blood occludin, protect BBB, and improve outcome in AIS patients with intravenous tPA thrombolysis.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02974283.
A new species of Stenchaetothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) from Bamboo, based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A. , GUNAWARDANA DISNA N. , LI DONGMEI
Published: September 2017

Stenchaetothrips martini sp.n. is distinguished from related species on morphological and molecular character states. It is the eleventh species in this genus to be recorded from a species of bamboo, but only the fourth of these 11 species to have a prominent spinula on the mesothoracic furca. Described here from New Zealand, this thrips is presumably introduced from Southeast Asia, together with its host plant, Phyllostachys aurea.
A new species of the swimming crab genus, Laleonectes Manning & Chace, 1990 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae), from the western Indian Ocean
Authors: MENDOZA JOSE CHRISTOPHER E. , DEVI SUVARNA S.
Published: September 2017

A new species of swimming crab, Laleonectes kuriya, is described from the western Indian Ocean (Réunion and southwestern India). The new species is morphologically most similar to the Pacific species, L. nipponensis (Sakai, 1938), but differs primarily in the relative length of the ambulatory legs, as well as in the shape of the malesixth pleomere and the form of the first and second male pleopods.
New fossil taxa of Ischalia Pascoe (Coleoptera: Ischaliidae) from Eocene Baltic amber
Authors: ALEKSEEV VITALII I. , BUKEJS ANDRIS
Published: September 2017

Two new fossil species of false fire-colored beetles (Coleoptera: Ischaliidae), Ischalia dohnaturris sp. nov. and I. danieli sp. nov., are described and illustrated from Eocene Baltic amber. The fossil species I. dohnaturris sp. nov. is considered to be the first macropterous representative of the subgenus Eupleurida LeConte. The second species, I. danieli sp. nov., is placed in the newly described subgenus Telnovia subgen. nov. The subgeneric characters of Ischalia are briefly discussed. A key to fossil species of Ischalia is also provided.
Calibration Procedure for Attenuation Coefficient Measurements in Highly Opaque Media Using Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA) Spectroscopy
Authors: Kirchner Sara , Narinsamy Sebastien , Sommier Alain , Romano Marta , Ryu Meguya , Morikawa Junko , Leng Jacques , Batsale Jean-Christophe , Pradère Christophe
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this article is to present a new calibration procedure for spectroscopic measurements using an infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) spectrometer on highly opaque middle-wave infrared (MWIR) media. The procedure is based on the properties of the IRFPA camera and especially the integration time (IT), which is the main parameter that can be adjusted to control the sensitivity of the measurements. The goal of the paper is to experimentally validate this dependence with the direct reference intensity light coming out of the IR monochromator in order to predict the spectrum shape and intensity level in a range out of the camera saturation. This method allows determining spectrum used as background for transmittance calculation. It has been applied in the case of measurement of water transmittance, which is a highly opaque medium and whose measurement requires high ITs. The main result is the ability to take an IR spectroscopic imaging measurement through 300 µm of water and the determination of its transmittance with sufficient sensitivity due to the proposed calibration procedure. This procedure allows the possibility of transitory studies in heterogeneous aqueous media.
Gendering the new hero narratives: Military death in Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Åse Cecilia , Wendt Maria
Published: September 2017

During the 20th century, wars were fought primarily in the name of protecting the homeland. Making the ‘ultimate sacrifice’ was a national masculine duty and a key feature of military heroism. Today, human rights and international values justify war-making and legitimise military action. In one of these post-national wars, the International Security Assistance Force operation in Afghanistan, more than 700 European soldiers have lost their lives. How have these deaths been legitimised, and how has the new security discourse affected notions of masculinised heroism and sacrifice? This article investigates how the dimensions of national/international and masculinity/femininity are negotiated in media narratives of heroism and sacrifice in Denmark and Sweden. Regarding scholarly discussions on the professionalisation, individualisation and domestication of military heroism, the empirical analysis demonstrates that the Danish/Swedish nation remains posited as the core context for military heroism and sacrifice. In the media narratives, professionalism is represented as an expression of specific national qualities. The media narratives conflate nation and family and represent military heroes as distinctively masculine and national figures. It is argued that a family trope has become vital in present-day hero narratives. This trope is disposed towards collective emotions, national loyalty and conservative gender ideals.
Evaluation of modified risk claim advertising formats for Camel Snus
Authors: Fix Brian V , Adkison Sarah E , O’Connor Richard J , Bansal-Travers Maansi , Cummings K Michael , Rees Vaughan W , Hatsukami Dorothy K
Published: September 2017

Objectives:

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulatory authority for modified risk tobacco product advertising claims. To guide future regulatory efforts, we investigated how variations in modified risk claim advertisements influence consumer perceptions of product risk claims for Camel Snus.

Methods:

Young people and adults (15–65), including current, never, and former smokers, were randomised to view one of five Camel Snus print advertisements as part of a web-based survey. Four of the advertisements presented information related to nitrosamine content of snus using four formats: (1) text, (2) a bar chart, (3) a text/testimonial and (4) a bar chart/testimonial. The fifth format, used as a control, was a current advertisement for Camel Snus without the explicit claims made about nitrosamine content. After viewing advertisements for all products, participants were asked which product they would be most interested in trying.

Results:

Participants exposed to advertisements that contained an explicit reduced risk message agreed the advertising claim for that product posed fewer health risks than cigarettes. However, advertisements containing the reduced risk messages were also viewed as containing less truthful information and respondents were more sceptical of the information presented. Advertisement claim format was not associated with selecting snus over the other tobacco products, nor was it associated with purchase intentions.

Conclusion:

The results of this research indicate that consumers respond to reduced risk messages, though perhaps not in the direct way anticipated. We found no significant differences by advertisement format (numerical, graphical, testimonial).
Effect of unrefined crude glycerol composition on the properties of polyurethane foams
Authors: Gama Nuno V , Soares Belinda , Freire Carmen SR , Silva Rui , Ferreira Artur , Barros-Timmons Ana
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using unrefined crude glycerol (CG), a byproduct of the biodiesel industry, in the production of polyurethane foams. In order to assess the suitability of this raw material for the production of polyurethane foams, two samples of crude glycerol with different compositions in glycerol, fatty acids, and methyl esters were used directly, without any pretreatment or purification. Additionally, one of these samples was also submitted to a pre-treatment step in order to evaluate the advantage of purifying the raw material and, for comparison, pure glycerol was also used to prepare polyurethane foams. Both chemical and structural characterizations of the produced foams, as well as the thermomechanical properties determined, showed that unrefined crude glycerol is a suitable ecopolyol for the production of polyurethane foams. Although the presence of fatty acids and esters affects their mechanical performance, this issue can be explored to tune the properties of the ensuing polyurethane foams. Furthermore, the evaluation of the impact of using unrefined CG on the sustainability of polyurethane foams production yielded promising results.
Fabrication and mechanical properties of a novel epoxy-hollow glass microsphere composite
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Guohui , Pei Jiahua , Wang Zhi , Wu Zhanjun
Published: September 2017

According to the demand of deep-sea buoyancy material with high compression strength and low density, a novel epoxy-hollow glass microsphere composite was manufactured and characterized. Firstly, the epoxy resin is modified by chemical modification methods using poly(methyltriethoxysilane) to improve the toughness of epoxy resin. Then, the ammonium bicarbonate is used as the foaming agent to add into the epoxy resin to produce the bubbles. After mixing with a small amount of hollow glass microsphere, the modified epoxy-hollow glass microsphere composite with foams is fabricated. IR spectrum indicates that the silicone has been successfully grafted on the epoxy resin chain, which benefits the toughness of the resin. It can be found that a lot of smaller bubbles exist on the surface of hollow glass microsphere by SEM, which further reduces the density of the modified epoxy-hollow glass microsphere composite. The compression strength has been significantly improved since the bubbles on the surface of glass beads play the role of a buffer balloon and there are few air bubbles in the resin matrix. The coefficient of water absorption for the modified epoxy-hollow glass microsphere composite also increased. The flexural strength of the modified epoxy-hollow glass microsphere composite was slightly reduced at the same time. The results here confirm a promising method for buoyancy materials to promote the compression strength and reduce the density.
Effects of Two Listening Strategies for Melodic Dictation
Authors: Buonviri Nathan O.
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this research was to examine effects of two listening strategies on melodic dictation scores. Fifty-four undergraduate music majors completed short tonal melodic dictations in a within-subjects design with three conditions: (a) no specified strategy in the instructions, (b) required listening before writing, and (c) required writing while listening. The purpose of the first condition was to determine subjects’ preference for listening before writing or writing while listening prior to requiring each. Two repeated measures t tests revealed no significant difference in test scores between the second and third conditions and no significant difference in test scores between subjects’ demonstrated preferred strategy and nonpreferred strategy. Results corroborate prior research suggesting that both may be viable strategies for melodic dictation, each offering unique benefits to aural memory and musical comprehension. Implications for high school and college aural skills instructors include the need to offer students options for dictation strategies and help them choose when and how to use them. Students who have tried multiple strategies in practice and considered their relative benefits might be better prepared to make wise decisions during dictation.
The Relationship Between Phonological Awareness and Music Aptitude
Authors: Culp Mara E.
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between phonological awareness and music aptitude. I administered the Intermediate Measures of Music Audiation (IMMA) to second-grade students in a rural school in Pennsylvania ( N = 17). Speech-language specialists administered a hearing screening and The Phonological Awareness Test 2 (PAT-2) individually to participants and scored the measures. Findings indicated a moderate, positive relationship between PAT-2 standardized composite scores and IMMA raw Tonal subtest scores ( r = .485). A linear regression indicated IMMA raw Tonal subtest scores predicted PAT-2 standardized composite scores. The relationship between music aptitude and phonological awareness has implications for students, music teachers, and professionals who may remediate literacy skills, such as reading specialists, speech-language pathologists, and music therapists.
Comparing Field-Teaching Experiences: A Longitudinal Examination of Preservice and First-Year Teacher Perspectives
Authors: Bartolome Sarah J.
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine preservice and first-year music educators’ perspectives on fieldwork activities embedded within a music teacher preparation program. One cohort of students was tracked for 2.5 years as they participated in an elementary teaching practicum, fulfilled the student teaching internship, and ultimately entered the field. Drawing on data from a previous study of the same cohort’s perceptions of a service-learning project (2013), this report provides a comparative analysis of the students’ evolving perceptions of fieldwork over time. The perceived transfers of emergent skills and dispositions to the first year of practice also are explored with particular attention to the voices of first-year teachers. Findings suggested a wide range of benefits associated with each type of fieldwork, including overlapping and unique constructs. Perceived collective transfers included comfort and experience, habits of self-reflection, skills and knowledge for job interviews, and comfort with the observation process. These findings may assist higher education professionals as they design field-teaching activities and make informed decisions about best practices in music teacher preparation.
A Captive, a Wreck, a Piece of Dirt: Aging Anxieties Embodied in Older People With a Death Wish
Authors: van Wijngaarden Els , Leget Carlo , Goossensen Anne , Pool Robert , The Anne-Mei
Published: September 2017

The aims of this present study were to explore the use and meaning of metaphors and images about aging in older people with a death wish and to elucidate what these metaphors and images tell us about their self-understanding and imagined feared future. Twenty-five in-depth interviews with Dutch older people with a death wish (median 82 years) were analyzed by making use of a phenomenological–hermeneutical metaphor analysis approach. We found 10 central metaphorical concepts: (a) struggle, (b) victimhood, (c) void, (d) stagnation, (e) captivity, (f) breakdown, (g) redundancy, (h) subhumanization, (i) burden, and (j) childhood. It appears that the group under research does have profound negative impressions of old age and about themselves being or becoming old. The discourse used reveals a strong sense of distance, disengagement, and nonbelonging associated with their wish to die. This study empirically supports the theory of stereotype embodiment.
Navigating Discourses of Power Through Relationships
Authors: Pickering Kristin
Published: September 2017

This article applies identity construction concepts to a professional and technical communication student intern’s use of agency as she negotiates a unique identity for herself within a state legislature. Following a literature review, the author highlights several of the intern’s key efforts to become part of this new governmental and legal discourse community, including learning legislature-specific genres, combatting the “totem-pole” hierarchy, making choices about appropriate professional behavior, socializing by creating an “entire family dynamic,” and making an effort to learn the culture of the legislature. These efforts are documented through the intern’s reflective, self-narratives and documents produced during the internship. Through this discussion, the author suggests practical implications for aiding students and newcomers as they transition to unfamiliar workplace communication environments.
Book Review: Parag D. Parobo, India’s First Democratic Revolution: Dayanand Bandodkar and the Rise of Bahujan in Goa
Authors: Quadri Imtiaz
Published: September 2017

Parag D. Parobo, India’s First Democratic Revolution: Dayanand Bandodkar and the Rise of Bahujan in Goa. New Delhi: Orient BlackSwan, 2015, 296 pp., ₹875, ISBN: 978-8125059264 (Hardbound).
On the Structure of Subalternity and the Process of Subalternisation in India
Authors: Oommen T.K.
Published: September 2017

The concept of subalternity, originally formulated by the Italian Marxist, Antonio Gramsci, was amplified by a few Indian historians by juxtaposing the elitist nationalist historiography with subaltern historiography providing a bottom-up perspective. 1 This paper attempts to identify the structure of subaltern deprivations with special reference to India. The main sources of subalternisation in India are as follows: treating some groups/communities as outsiders to the polity (externalisation); assigning groups to the lowest rung of the social ladder (hierarchisation); denial of identity to some groups through a process of absorption (expansionism of the hegemonic group) and lastly, application of traditional norms of society to keep women in subordination (patriarchy). The groups/communities subjected to the process of subalternisation in contemporary India are dalits, adivasis, religious and linguistic minorities and women. Admittedly, the phenomenon of intersectionality creates a hierarchy among subaltern groups—some are cumulatively oppressed, based on several factors, while the oppression of others is anchored in one or two factors only.
The Nature of Economic Development
Authors: Nayak Pulin B.
Published: September 2017

Social Change, a journal that has a publishing history of 47 years, has always strived to create a platform for scholars, researchers and practitioners to debate and discuss issues of pivotal importance to the social science discipline. As part of this initiative, we invited Professor Pulin B. Nayak, former Director of the Delhi School of Economics and Professor Vibhuti Patel associated with the Centre for Women's Studies, TISS Mumbai, to comment on the seminal paper presented by Professor M.A. Oommen, entitled ‘The Meaning of Development: Reflections of an Octogenarian Teacher of Economics’. Though the paper was published in Social Change in 2012 it still draws thoughtful comments from those connected with the discipline of Economics. The original paper can be accessed from the SAGE website through the following link http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0049085712454051?journalCode=scha
Masking Poverty and Entitlement: RSBY in Selected Districts of West Bengal
Authors: Sen Kasturi , Gupta Swagata
Published: September 2017

In 2008, India launched a flagship national health insurance programme, the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) for those living below the poverty line (BPL). 1 Using qualitative methods and thematic analysis, this exploratory study of poor women from three selected districts of West Bengal sought to gauge reasons for low registration and factors affecting choice of institutional healthcare among those who had registered for the RSBY. In particular, we sought to understand the underlying factors, if any, which affect judgements on institutional healthcare.
Design and experimental realization of a backstepping nonlinear H∞ control for an autonomous underwater vehicle using a nonlinear matrix inequality approach
Authors: Mahapatra Subhasish , Subudhi Bidyadhar
Published: September 2017

This paper focuses on the development of a nonlinear [Formula: see text] control (NHC) algorithm for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in the vertical plane. A three-degree-of-freedom AUV depth model is developed in terms of a nonlinear affine form which is used to design the control algorithm. The depth is controlled using a backstepping technique which generates a desired pitch angle for the NHC algorithm. The nonlinear control is designed using the [Formula: see text]-gain analysis which is transformed into a Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) inequality. Further, the HJI inequality is presented in terms of a nonlinear matrix inequality structure in order to find a solution for the NHC problem using the concept of convex optimization. Hence, we desire to test the convex property of the nonlinear system before the realization of the control algorithm. The robust behaviour of the NHC algorithm is realized by ensuring the performance of the proposed control algorithm in the face of model and parameter uncertainties. A comparison between the NHC algorithm and the state-dependent Riccati equation is made in order to show the efficacy of the developed control algorithm. Furthermore, an experimental study of the proposed control scheme has been pursued to analyse the effectiveness of the developed control algorithm.
One-class classifiers ensemble based anomaly detection scheme for process control systems
Authors: Wang Biao , Mao Zhizhong
Published: September 2017

This paper focuses on the issue of anomaly detection for data in process control systems (PCSs). Considering data features in PCSs, this paper proposes to utilize the notion of one-class classification (OCC). In order to provide a general solution for more types of systems, ensemble learning is combined with OCC models. Two different ensembles of OCC models are proposed based on different scenarios in the process of detection. Performance of the proposed detection scheme is validated via several UCI datasets and two practical PCSs.
Second order adaptive time varying sliding mode control for synchronization of hidden chaotic orbits in a new uncertain 4-D conservative chaotic system
Authors: Singh Jay P , Roy Binoy K
Published: September 2017

The objectives of the paper are (i) to develop a new 4-D conservative chaotic system with hidden chaotic orbits, (ii) to design a second order adaptive time varying sliding mode control for the synchronization between two identical proposed chaotic systems in the presence of matched disturbances and (iii) to compare the performances of the proposed controller with two available controllers which have been published recently. The chaotic nature of the proposed system is validated using theoretical and numerical tools like divergence property, Lyapunov exponents, Lyapunov spectrum, bifurcation diagram, phase portrait, Poincaré map and a frequency spectrum. The new conservative chaotic system exhibits the coexistence of hidden chaotic orbits with no equilibrium point. The new system is synchronized with itself using the proposed second-order adaptive time varying sliding mode control technique in the presence of matched disturbances and by considering different initial conditions. During synchronization, the parameters of both the systems, gains of the first order and second order sliding surfaces and the gains of the switching laws are considered as unknown and estimated adaptively. Only two control inputs are used to synchronize all the four states of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is compared with two available controllers for the synchronization of chaotic systems and it is found that the proposed controller performs much better than the two available controllers.
Tracking and Targeting
Authors: Suchman Lucy , Follis Karolina , Weber Jutta
Published: September 2017

This introduction to the special issue of the same title sets out the context for a critical examination of contemporary developments in sociotechnical systems deployed in the name of security. Our focus is on technologies of tracking, with their claims to enable the identification of those who comprise legitimate targets for the use of violent force. Taking these claims as deeply problematic, we join a growing body of scholarship on the technopolitical logics that underpin an increasingly violent landscape of institutions, infrastructures, and actions, promising protection to some but arguably contributing to our collective insecurity. We examine the asymmetric distributions of sociotechnologies of (in)security; their deadly and injurious effects; and the legal, ethical, and moral questions that haunt their operations.
Personal values at work
Authors: Lichtenstein Scott , Lichtenstein Gary , Higgs Malcolm
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this behavioural strategy study is to investigate how seasoned executives enact their personal values in real-life organizational decision-making. The significance of this article is linking the personal values of executives with actual leadership decisions they made. In focus groups, strategic leaders with an Outer Directed (OD) or Inner Directed (ID) values orientation were prompted to reflect on their decisions at work. Analysis of the coded transcripts revealed the four independent raters, reliably categorized coding events, according to a Maslovian coding framework, r = 0.81 for ID transcripts and r = 0.76 for OD transcripts. Further statistical analysis found significant differences between executives’ values orientation (ID or OD) and values decisions (ID or OD), demonstrating a consistent pattern of ID and OD decision-making. Qualitative analyses revealed that ID participants’ decisions were based on innovation, intrinsic value and interdependency, while OD participants’ decisions were based on effectiveness, performance and affective independence. Implications for researchers include advancing the efficacy of a behavioural strategy approach, support for Maslow’s motivational theory and decision-making being consistent with personal values in an organizational context. Implications for practioners include a predictable values-based pattern to managers’ decisions and the need for a personal values-based leadership-strategy match.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Is Associated With Coagulopathy Detectable by Thrombelastography in Acute Stroke
Authors: McDonald Mark M. , Almaghrabi Tareq S. , Saenz Daniel M. , Cai Chunyan , Rahbar Mohammad H. , Choi H. Alex , Lee Kiwon , Grotta James C. , Chang Tiffany R.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Thrombelastography (TEG) provides a global, dynamic measure of coagulation. We examined the effect of antiplatelet (AP) medications on coagulation in patients with acute stroke as measured by TEG.

Methods:

We reviewed prospectively collected data on patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) between 2009 and 2014. Patient demographics and baseline TEG values were compared among 4 different drug use groups: aspirin only, clopidogrel only, both aspirin and clopidogrel, and no AP. Multivariable regression models were conducted to compare the differences in TEG components.

Results:

A total of 202 patients were included, 139 with AIS and 63 with ICH. Forty-eight (24%) patients were taking aspirin alone, 12 (6%) were taking clopidogrel, 16 (8%) dual AP, and 126 (62%) no AP. Dual AP use was associated with prolonged mean R (time to initiate clotting) of 5.5 minutes as compared to no AP use (4.6 minutes, P = .04). Additionally, mean maximal amplitude (MA; final clot strength) and angle (rate of clot formation) were decreased in the dual AP group (MA = 59.3 mm, angle = 57.8°) as compared to the no AP group (MA = 64.5 mm, angle = 64.5°; P = .04 and P = .01, respectively). Patients on single AP therapy (either aspirin or clopidogrel) did not differ from those on no AP therapy in any TEG parameters measured.

Conclusion:

Dual AP therapy is associated with a detectable coagulopathy which may have implications in the management of patients with AIS and hemorrhagic stroke. The effects of single AP therapy may not be demonstrated by TEG.
Prolonged Intensive Care Unit Stay Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Higuchi Ryosuke , Takayama Morimasa , Hagiya Kenichi , Saji Mike , Mahara Keitaro , Takamisawa Itaru , Shimizu Jun , Tobaru Tetsuya , Iguchi Nobuo , Takanashi Shuichiro
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

Postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) stay after cardiac surgeries has been extensively studied, but little attention has been given to ICU stay following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). This study examined ICU stay after TAVR.

Methods:

Two hundred and forty-five patients who underwent TAVR between April 2010 and October 2016 were studied retrospectively. We investigated the status of ICU stay, the predictors of prolonged ICU stay (PICUS), and its impact on short- and long-term outcomes. Prolonged ICU stay was defined as post-TAVR ICU stay longer than 2 days (day of TAVR + 1 day).

Results:

Length of ICU stay was 2.6 ± 4.9 days, and PICUS was identified in 14.7% of the patients. The predominant reason for PICUS was congestive heart failure or circulatory failure (41.7%). Pulmonary dysfunction and nontransfemoral approach were independent predictors of PICUS (pulmonary dysfunction: odds ratio = 2.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-7.35; nontransfemoral approach: odds ratio = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.15-6.89). Prolonged ICU stay was associated with higher rate of 30-day combined end point (PICUS vs non-PICUS: 44.4% vs 3.3%, P < .0001), longer postoperative hospital stay (49.9 ± 141.9 days vs 12.0 ± 6.0 days, P < .0001), and lower rate of discharge home (77.8% vs 95.2%, P = .0002). Patients with PICUS had worse long-term survival ( P < .0001), and PICUS was a predictor of mortality (hazard ratio: 4.21, 95% CI: 2.09-8.22).

Conclusion:

Prolonged ICU stay following TAVR was found in 14.7%, and pulmonary dysfunction and nontransfemoral approach were associated with PICUS. Short- and long-term prognoses were worse in patients with PICUS than those without.
Changes in Radial Artery Pulse Pressure During a Fluid Challenge Cannot Assess Fluid Responsiveness in Patients With Septic Shock
Authors: De la Puente-Diaz de Leon Victor , de Jesus Jaramillo-Rocha Valente , Teboul Jean-Louis , Garcia-Miranda Sofia , Martinez-Guerra Bernardo A. , Dominguez-Cherit Guillermo
Published: September 2017

Background:

Arterial blood pressure is the most common variable used to assess the response to a fluid challenge in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the change in the radial artery pulse pressure (rPP) to detect the change in cardiac output after a fluid challenge in patients with septic shock.

Methods:

Prospective observational study including 35 patients with septic shock in which rPP and cardiac output were measured before and after a fluid challenge with 400 mL of crystalloid solution. Cardiac output was measured with intermittent thermodilution technique using a pulmonary artery catheter. Patients were divided between responders (increase >15% of cardiac output after fluid challenge) and nonresponders. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), Pearson correlation coefficient and paired Student t test were used in statistical analysis.

Results:

Forty-three percent of the patients were fluid responders. The change in rPP could not neither discriminate between responders and nonresponders (AUROC = 0.52; [95% confidence interval: 0.31-0.72] P = .8) nor correlate ( r = .21, P = .1) with the change in cardiac output after the fluid challenge.

Conclusions:

The change in rPP neither discriminated between fluid responders and nonresponders nor correlated with the change in cardiac output after a fluid challenge. The change in rPP cannot serve as a surrogate of the change in cardiac output to assess the response to a fluid challenge in patients with septic shock.
Living Human Dignity: A Nightingale Legacy
Authors: Hegge Margaret , Bunkers Sandra Schmidt
Published: September 2017

The authors in this article present the humanbecoming ethical tenets of human dignity: reverence, awe, betrayal, and shame. These four ethical tenets of human dignity are examined from a historical perspective, exploring how Rosemarie Rizzo Parse has conceptualized these ethical tenets with added descriptions from other scholars, and how Florence Nightingale lived human dignity as the founder of modern nursing.
Latino Nursing Leadership: A Leading-Following Perspective
Authors: Ortiz Mario R.
Published: September 2017

Nurse leaders have many demands that must be attended to in a manner that is focused, so that organizational, professional, and personal visions are moved forward. The focus emerges from the values and beliefs of the nurse leaders. These values and beliefs embrace nursing models and theories that are the foundation from which they lead others.
Making Retrospective Confidence Judgments Improves Learners’ Ability to Decide What Not to Study
Authors: Robey Alison M. , Dougherty Michael R. , Buttaccio Daniel R.
Published: September 2017

Predictions about future retrieval success, known as judgments of learning (JOLs), are often viewed as important for effective control over learning. However, much less is known about how retrospective confidence judgments (RCJs), evaluations of past retrieval success, may affect control over learning. We compared participants’ ability to identify items that would benefit from additional study after making either a JOL or an RCJ. Participants completed a cued-recall task in which they made a metacognitive judgment after an initial recall attempt and before making a restudy decision. Participants who made RCJs prior to their restudy decisions were more accurate at identifying items in need of being restudied, relative to participants who made JOLs. The results indicate that having participants assess their confidence in past retrieval success can nudge them toward better utilizing of valid information when deciding which items are in need of further study.
Current signature based fault diagnosis of field-oriented and direct torque–controlled induction motor drives
Authors: Kandukuri Surya Teja , Senanayaka Jagath Sri Lal , Huynh Van Khang , Karimi Hamid Reza , Robbersmyr Kjell G
Published: September 2017

In this article, the operation of three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors is analysed under faulty conditions in closed loop with state-of-the-art controllers, namely, the field-oriented control and the direct torque control. The motivation behind this study is to examine the effectiveness of current signature–based fault detection schemes under closed-loop operation, in the presence of inverter harmonics. Various commonly occurring induction motor fault conditions are modelled based on the modified winding function theory, and each fault case is further simulated in a closed-loop framework to verify the fault detectability. The effectiveness of current signature–based diagnostics in varying fault severity, loads and speeds is studied. Furthermore, the faults are artificially seeded in a laboratory test set-up of an induction motor, and the effectiveness of current signature analysis is verified with commercially available field-oriented and direct torque control drives in the closed-loop framework.