bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting export demand for L-Lysine as animal feed product in PT X Indonesia
Authors: Ihwah A , Syafira R
Published: May 2021

PT X Indonesia is one of the foreign companies from South Korea that engaged in producing additional ingredients for animal feed. Located in Pasuruan-East Java, PT X is one of the industries producing L-Lysine and L-Tryptophan essential amino acids. L-Lysine and L-Tryptophan products are stimulants for animal feed which are exported to several countries. The planning of the production process is based on requests from the headquarters of PT X Indonesia in South Jakarta, Indonesia. To meet the needs of export products to several countries, PT X requires careful planning in providing the products. One of the determining factors in planning and providing products accurately, effectively, and efficiently is demand forecasting. This study aimed to forecast the export demand of L-Lysine. Historical data used for forecasting was time-series data from September 2019 to January 2020. The best ARIMA model combination chosen for forecasting was (1,0,1) because both the p-values for the AR and MA models are significant and it has the smallest Mean Square Error (MSE). Forecasting results use the ARIMA model showed that L-Lysine export for four weeks was in a range of 2,596.47 tons to 2,597.5 tons with a total of 10,387.9 tons and an average of 2,596.975 tons per week.
Revitalising the role of interconnectedness on agricultural innovation platform: A network analysis
Authors: Hardiyati R , Ariana L , Purwaningsih I
Published: May 2021

Innovation platforms are widely benefited in agricultural research to connect different stakeholders to achieve common goals. This paper aims to discuss the analytical framework of network governance in enhancing the role of interconnectedness among relevant actors of innovation platforms in the agriculture sector. In facing the upcoming turbulence of the current pandemic, the agriculture sector as a backbone for food resilience at the national level should embrace an adaptive system for the future policy. This paper conducts a network analysis to emphasize the main actors working actively in providing innovative technology and agricultural products. There are three main actors identified in the conceptual framework of the innovation platform; research and development institution (RDI), government, and users/beneficiaries/farmers group. However, interconnectedness among actors is possibly coming from other partners such as intermediaries that relevant to the innovation system. With a case study from agricultural practice from research institutions, this research explores interconnectedness problem need to be addressed and supportive policies at local government level enabled social capital among actors. The result of analysis suggests that the degree of network to the business environment, tangible and intangible, determines the nature of engagement to result a successful model for innovation platform.
Cleaner production analysis of tofu small scale enterprise
Authors: Septifani R , Suhartini S , Perdana I J
Published: May 2021

Tofu has been consumed and favored by most Asians. Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics states that the average consumption of tofu in 2017 was about 0,15 kg/person/week. On the other hand, the higher level of tofu production, the level of waste contamination, is also higher. Therefore, cleaner production is one of the practical approaches to reduce tofu industry waste. This research aims to analyze the stages of tofu production in small scale enterprises which have the greatest volume of liquid waste, assess parameters that exceed the quality standard and determine the alternative of cleaner production strategies for tofu production. This research analyzed mass balance, Activity Relationship Chart, Activity Relationship Diagram, wastewater characteristics test, and alternative selection of cleaner production strategy with the pairwise comparison. This research found out that the stages that produced the most liquid waste were the treatment and waste disposal process. The highest priority and the possible alternative of cleaner production to be implemented were waste separation at each stage, wastewater recycles, and water vapor recycles.
Sorbitol production optimization in B2B industry with six sigma approach
Authors: Pariasa I I , Anam M A S , Hardana A E
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine quality control in the sorbitol industry using the six-sigma method to determine the causes of wasteful production costs and factors that influence them. This research collected 300 data with the details of 150 data in each phase, before and after the implementation of improvement action, and interviewed 12 employees in the sorbitol department. Six sigma approach consists of five phases: define tested by statistic descriptive, measure analyzed by process capability, analyze phase analyzed by fishbone diagram and action priority matrix, improve analyzed by process capability, and control phase tested by X Bar R chart. The results of this study are DPMO (Defect Per Million Opportunity) decreased from 994,497 to 543,058, sigma level increased from - 1.04 to 1.39, standard deviation from 0.0072196 to 0.01, Pp (Process Performance) from 0.11 to 0.22, Ppk (Process Performance Index) from - 0.85 to 0.09, average reducing sugar from 0.11 to 0.14, and the use of nickel from 298 to 221 Kg.
The potential of dry fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) variety Lindak bean shell treated at different degrees of roasting as a functional food
Authors: Lembong E , Djali M , Zaida  , Utama G L
Published: May 2021

Cocoa bean shell is a waste from the chocolate processing industry that has not been used optimally and still contains 5.78% polyphenols which has potential as a source of natural antioxidant compounds. The chocolate is processed in the industry with light, medium and high roasting, based on the desired product. The purpose of this study was to determine the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the dry fermented cocoa shells as a result of the best degree of roasting. The research method used was an experimental method using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 treatments roasting dried fermented cocoa beans of Lindak varieties by using different degrees of roasting (Without roasting; low roasting (110°C for 35 minutes), medium roasting (140°C for 30 minutes), and high roasting (190°C for 15 minutes)) and repeated 3 times. The results showed the dry fermented cocoa shells of Lindak varieties by high roasting treatment has the best phenolic total (5.24%) and antioxidant activity (37.92 ppm).
Optimization of process temperature and time of vacuum drying for production of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) powder using response surface methodology
Authors: Prakoso R , Mubarok A Z
Published: May 2021

Cashew apple is a waste from cashew nut processing industry that is high in antioxidants. The cashew apple powder was dried using a vacuum dryer that aimed to create a functional product containing high antioxidant compounds. The objective of this study was to optimize vacuum drying conditions for the production of cashew apple powder using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effect of process temperature (55-65°C) and time (9-15 h) on some characteristics (vitamin C content, antioxidant activity, water content, and color changes) of cashew apple powder were analyzed. A Central Composite Design was used to develop models for the responses. The optimum condition of the vacuum drying process was obtained at a drying temperature of 60.1°C and drying time of 11.4 hours. The optimum combination resulted in cashew apple powder with vitamin C content of 118.5 mg/100g, antioxidant activity (IC50) of 70.6 ppm, water content of 11.4%, and total color difference (ΔE) of 8.8. A validation experiment was conducted at the obtained optimum condition and the results showed that no significant difference between the actual and predicted values based on paired t-test (p > 0.05). In conclusion, cashew apple powder is a good source of vitamin C and antioxidant compounds.
Effect of blanching and solar energy-based drying models on the quality of dried shredded apples
Authors: Mardiyani S A , Susilowati D , Ulfah M
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to find the best technology model to produce high-quality dried shredded apples as the resources of apple tea with the concept of green technology based on solar energy. Apple tea is a beverage product originated from Batu, Malang that is starting to be in high public demand because of its practical, sweet-scented nature and is believed to have a high content of apple antioxidants. This study determined the physical, nutritional, and bioactive changes resulting from the drying process of shredded apples, which were treated by blanching and non-blanching pre-treatment and dried using indirect convective solar drying and open sun drying. Blanched-shredded apples that were dried using an indirect convective solar dryer had the best vitamin C content and lowest mechanical damage, so it is prospective to be developed on a commercial scale as a raw material of apple tea.
The effect of leaf age and drying method on physico-chemical characteristics of pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) leaves powder
Authors: Adhamatika A , Murtini E S , Sunarharum W B
Published: May 2021

Pandanus amaryllifolius leaves contain chlorophyll as green pigment and volatile compounds in the form of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline which can give color and aroma to food products. Following the zero waste concept, the general purpose of this research to convert pandan leaves into a powder so that it can be fully utilized. The specific purpose to investigate the effect of age of leaves and drying methods on the physicochemical of pandan leaves powder. Pandan leaves powder was made from young and old with 3 drying methods that were cabinet, vacuum, and freeze drying. The result showed the age of leaves and drying method had a significant effect on moisture content, ash content, density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, pH, color, total chlorophyll, total phenolic content, and antioxidant IC50. Pandan leaves powder from old leaves and vacuum drying had the highest total chlorophyll, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity than others.
The concentration of sago flour to taro-mung bean composite flour on the quality of non-gluten biscuits
Authors: Puspitasari D , Noerhartati E , Revitriani M , Rejeki F S , Wedowati E R
Published: May 2021

The utilization of local raw materials, such as taro, avoids the gluten content usually found in wheat flour and creates innovation in the product development of biscuits. Taro has low protein content, thus requires the addition of other ingredients to meet the quality of the biscuits. The material used as a source of protein is mung bean flour. Besides, sago flour was used to improve the texture for being softer and crisp. The addition of sago flour also functions as an adhesive to replace the gluten found in wheat flour. This study aimed to determine the concentration of sago flour in biscuits of taro-mung bean composite flour that meet the quality standards of biscuits. The concentration of sago flour to taro-mung bean composite flour consists of four levels (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%). The results showed that the selected treatment was the concentration of sago flour of 60%, with a total expected value of 6.10. Characteristics of the selected product include water content of 1.78%, carbohydrates of 63.55%, protein of 3.15%, fat of 29.86%, ash of 1.61%, the acceptance level of taste of 73.3%, color of 96.7%, and aroma of 90.0%.
The influences of storage temperature and time on decocted Robusta coffee leaves tea
Authors: Legowo A M , Al-Baarri A N , Wardani N A S J E , Fibrianto K
Published: May 2021

Coffee leaves tea has attracted researchers to utilize the pruning waste as a refreshing functional drink due to its phenolic compounds and other antioxidants. Meanwhile, the tannins also contributed to astringency as an important sensorial attribute for tea. All these components were changing over time. Thus, an evaluation of its changes in coffee leaves tea during storage is required. This research used robusta and liberica coffee leaves that were stored at temperature of 10 and 25° for a storage time of 24 days. Completely Randomized Block Design was assigned to investigate the main factors. As result, it was found that storage at 10°C could maintain the functional quality up of the leaves for up to 2 weeks. Meanwhile, 25°C of storage was acceptable for only less than 5 days. During storage, green flavor and aroma, astringency and bitter taste change proportionally to the decrease of phenolic content and tannin levels. In conclusion, the storage temperature and time on decocted robusta coffee leaves tea might influence the quality of leaves.
Effect of different brewing techniques and addition of lemon peel (Citrus limon) on physico-chemical characteristics and organoleptic of cascara tea
Authors: Sunarharum W B , Yudawati A N , Asih N E
Published: May 2021

Current application of coffee pulp into tea, called as cascara tea, had improved its usage but it might have an unpleasant aroma and taste. Thus, the addition of other resources such as lemon peel is suggested. This study aims to know the effect of brewing techniques and the ratio of cascara (dried coffee pulp) and lemon peel to physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of cascara tea, along with the best treatment. This study was conducted by Nested design with two factors, i.e. brewing techniques and the ratio of cascara and lemon peel. The data were analyzed using Minitab 17 and Zeleny method. The results showed that brewing techniques had a significant effect on total phenolic content, caffeine content, color (except in yellowness) and pH. Meanwhile for both factors had a significant effect on all parameters. The best treatment was the ratio of cascara and lemon peel at 80:20% brewed using the decoction method.
Phytochemicals properties of avocado seed: A review
Authors: Setyawan H Y , Sukardi S , Puriwangi C A
Published: May 2021

Persea americana Mill. seed or avocado seed contains phytochemical components such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolic, and alkaloid. The phenolic compounds of avocado seed are mainly catechin, hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and triterpenoid glycosides. This review also discusses various extraction methods using an organic solvent, inorganic solvent, and a mixture of solvents. The analysis methods to measure the chemical properties of extracted phytochemicals from avocado seed are discussed. The functional properties of the phytochemicals obtained from the seed are presented.
The effect of microwave power and feed to solvent ratio on antioxidant activity and volatile compounds profile of crystal seedless guava leaves essential oils extracted using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation
Authors: Priyanto A D , Erliyanti N K , Pujiastuti C
Published: May 2021

This work utilized by-product of crystal seedless guava leaves due to its cultivation for commercial fruit production persuaded to prune guava trees branches. Essential oil (EO) extracted from plant biomass is a source of natural antioxidants due to the presence of essential components. This study was outlined to explore the potential of antioxidants and identify the chemical composition of EO extracted from crystal seedless guava using Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD). The essential oils (EOs) were extracted using various microwave powers and feed to solvent (F/S) ratios. The two independent variables showed significantly affect on IC50value of EOs, thereby there were several various IC50values in DPPH free radical scavenging assay from EOs depends on their extraction condition. The best condition resulting in IC50of EO was as low as 36.23 ± 2.07 µg/mL with a microwave power of 600 W and F/S ratio of 1:7 (w/v). The five major constituents of EO from the best extraction condition were caryophyllene (44.98%), caryophyllene oxide (14.96%), trans-nerolidol (9.16%), humulene (5.10%), and aromandendrene (5.10%). The study concluded that MAHD method possessed significant change in antioxidant activity and volatile compounds of EO extracted from crystal guava leaves.
The potentials of Indonesian tubers for the development of potato starch substitute: A short review
Authors: Ulfa G M , Putri W D R , Fibrianto K , Widjanarko S B
Published: May 2021

Potato starch becomes one of the popular starches. It is preferred for use in various industries due to its unique characteristics such as a good film-forming ability and consistency. The high phosphate content causes potato starch to have the excellent ability of water binding, swelling, and good consistency. However, potato production in the developing country tends to decrease. Local tubers could be used to be an alternative to substitute it. The modification process could improve the physicochemical and functional properties of the native local tubers starch. Sweet potato has the potential to be developed to substitute potato starch because it comes from the Solanaceae family. Hydroxypropylation, succinylation, and phosphorylation are suggested in producing potato starch substitute.
The recent development of gluten-free bread quality using hydrocolloids
Authors: Manik L C M , Nur M
Published: May 2021

The development of gluten-free bread production has drawn massive attention to decrease the number of wheat imports in some developing countries and fulfilled the needs of people with celiac and other diseases related to gluten components. Since the gluten component in wheat flours has taken a major role to form an extensible structure in the bread dough, its removal has emerged considerable issues in gluten-free bread production. Hydrocolloids are a food additive which able to form a gel with water and have demonstrated positive functional properties in the overall quality of gluten-free bread. The impact of hydrocolloid on the dough and final product depends on its chemical structure, concentration, and main ingredients used. This study will explore the effects of hydrocolloids as gluten-replacer that capable to mimic the viscoelastic properties of gluten through enhancing dough viscosity that can lead to the stabilization of different ingredients. Several hydrocolloids that released positive effects in gluten-free bread making are xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), psyllium gum and even a mixture of hydrocolloids. Different types of hydrocolloids affect different mechanisms to stabilize dough foam and the final quality of the bread. This paper focuses on the reported applications of hydrocolloids in the development of gluten-free breadmaking and reviews different mechanisms of hydrocolloids in a way to assist foam formation and stabilization. Regarding the overall review, HPMC and xanthan gum are the most suitable gums to add in gluten-free bread making with characteristics that HPMC can produce higher volume and softer crumbs compare to xanthan gum.
The effect of bulking agent and type of chocolate on the physicochemical characteristics of sucrose-free chocolate using stevia as a sweetener
Authors: Nur M , Suryatiani D R , Dewi R L , Sari A B T
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research is to find out the effect addition of bulking agents on the physicochemical properties of sucrose-free chocolate products using stevia as a sweetener. Sucrose-free chocolate using stevia as a sweetener needs various bulking agents to make the same physical characteristics as the commercial chocolate. The alternative bulking agent that could be used for sucrose-free chocolate is the combination of inulin and erythritol or inulin and sorbitol. The combination of inulin and sorbitol as a bulking agent on dark chocolate can improve the protein and fat content and lower the moisture content than the reference chocolate. Milk chocolate with inulin and erythritol as a bulking agent has a higher protein, fat content but lower carbohydrate content than commercial chocolate. A high concentration of inulin will increase the level of carbohydrate content both in dark and milk chocolate. Higher concentrations of sorbitol can decrease the fat content on sucrose-free dark chocolate. Erythritol with a high concentration will increase the color brightness and reduce moisture. Higher concentrations of inulin will decrease the fat content on sucrose-free milk chocolate.
Review: Eucalyptus globulus essential oil extraction method
Authors: Immaroh N Z , Kuliahsari D E , Nugraheni S D
Published: May 2021

Eucalyptus globulus(one of the speciesEucalyptus) is an essential oil-producing plant that widely used in the medical sector. Generally, the useful part ofEucalyptusis leaves. Bioactive compounds contained in plant essential oils include gallic acid, cypellocarpin A, eucaglobulin, cuniloside and (1S, 2S, 4R)-trans-2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole;-D-glucopyranoside. The presence of these bioactive compounds made of essential oils can be used as an antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. The extraction method has a major effect on the production of essential oil because it can affect yield and bioactive compound. The extraction methods can be used to produce essential, such as maceration, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE), water distillation, steam distillation, water-steam and distillation. This review discusses the extraction methods and the main factor can affect the extraction process to produceE.globulusessential oils.
Palm oil stripping through cellulolytic microorganism fermentation
Authors: Julianti E , Ginting S , Sinaga H , Lubis Z , Sinaga P P
Published: May 2021

Fresh fruit bunch (FFB) is sterilised to inactivate the enzyme, facilitate the release of fruit from fruit bunch, and soften the fruit for ease of oil release from mesocarp. Nevertheless, sterilisation heat can damage the oil. In this study, a modification of the oil palm processing was done to facilitate the release of fruit from FFB by using cellulolytic microorganisms through the fermentation process. This study aims to obtain the optimum inoculum and fermentation time in the processing of palm fruits to produce palm oil with high quantity and quality. The types of inoculum used were Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum, and a combination of B.subtilis + A.niger, and B.subtilis + T.harzianum. Fermentation was carried out for 20, 40, and 60 hours. The fruit that has been separated from the fruit bunch was then extracted using n-hexane. The results showed that the interaction between inoculum types and fermentation time had a significant effect on oil yield, free fatty acid content, deterioration of bleaching index (DOBI), beta carotene content, and peroxide value. The effective treatment to produces an oil with optimum quantity and quality was using T.harzianum, fermented for 20 hours.
Effect of boiling on in-vitro nutrients digestibility, rumen fluid characteristics, and tannin content of mangrove (Avicennia marina) leaves as animal feed
Authors: Jamarun N , Pazla R , Yanti G
Published: May 2021

The feed is one of the main costs of ruminant animal production. The main is the limited availability of forages. Therefore, it was necessary to found alternative forages with large quantities, easy to get, and low cost. One of the alternatives is Mangrove (Avicennia marina) leaves. Although it is available in large quantities, the presence of tannins and polyphenol causes low nutrients digestibility. Boiling mangrove leaves in water can reduce tannin concentrations and increase nutrients digestibility. This study aims to find the best boiling period effect on Avicennia marina leaves on in-vitro nutrients digestibility, rumen fluid characteristics, and tannin content. The research used Randomised Block Design (RBD) with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were boiling time of Avicennia marina leaves in husk ash water, 15% (w/v) for 0 minutes (P0), 5 minutes (P1), 10 minutes (P2) and 15 minutes (P3). The results showed that the hydrolysis time in husk ash water contributed significantly on in-vitro digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, VFA, and NH3 production, and tannin content. The best boiling time for Avicennia marina leaves was 10 minutes, producing the in-vitro digestibility of dry matter (72.06%), in-vitro digestibility of organic matter (73.36%), VFA (117 mM), NH3 (4.57 mg/100 ml), pH (6.73) and tannin content (10.27%). The result was suitable for the growth and production of rumen microbes.
Substitution of red seaweed (Porphyra) with other seaweeds in nori making
Authors: Sinurat E , Nurhayati  , Fransiska D , Sihono
Published: May 2021

Nori foodstuffs can be consumed and familiar in Indonesia. Nori products are generally based on Porphyra spp (red seaweed). Indonesia lies on the tropical region, while Porphyra spp commonly grows in the sub-tropical regions so that it is very limited in Indonesia. For this reason, an alternative nori raw materials from other seaweeds, such as Gracilaria, Caulerpa, Ulva, or a mixture of these seaweeds must be found. This study aimed to utilize Gracilaria, Caulerpa, and Ulva as Porphyra substitute to make nori analog based on their nutritional content, i.e., protein, fat, carbohydrate, moisture content, and its microstructure using SEM. Results showed that Nori from Porphyra spp had the highest protein content. Based on the microstructure analysis result showed that product sheets of film F522 (Gracilaria, Ulva, and Caulerpa mixed) were similar to the commercial nori.Protein fortification was necessary to increase the protein content of the nori analog.
Effect of molasses on the chemical characteristics of seaweed-based organic fertiliser
Authors: Nurhayati  , Cahyaningtyas W , Kusumawati R , Basmal J
Published: May 2021

Organic fertiliser is one of the essential factors needed in natural farming. Seaweed can be used as raw material for making organic fertilisers because it contains complete growth hormones, macro, and micronutrients for plant growth. The formulation of seaweed and silage for organic fertiliser has low levels of C-organic, so other materials are needed, for example, molasses. Addition of molasses in organic fertiliser formulations carried out to evaluate the optimum molasses concentration and study the chemical characterisation of organic fertilisers. The chemical characteristics measured were moisture content, ash content, potassium content, C-organic, N-total, and C/N ratio. The results showed that an increase in molasses concentration led to an increase in the moisture and C-organic content, and C/N ratio. The addition of 26% molasses (PTB2) was the best treatment, resulting in fertiliser with a moisture content of 6.37%, 30.01% ash content, 0.83% N-total, 0.04% potassium content, 37.58% C-organic, and 44.93 C/N ratio.
Prediction of fishers’ income using a flexible model in Karanggongso fishers community, Trenggalek regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sulistyono A D , Susilo E , Purwanti P , Wardani N H
Published: May 2021

The contribution of fisheries to the national GDP had increased from 2.32% in 2014 to 2.60% in 2018. However, in 2020, the threat of the Covid-19 pandemic emerged, which hit all sectors of the economy, including the fisheries sector. Many communities, especially coastal fishing communities, are complaining about economic hardship. Income has fallen dramatically because people’s purchasing power has fallen significantly. Based on these problems, this research was conducted to build a fishers’ income prediction model. This research took a case study on fishers in Karanggongso District Trenggalek by surveying 50 fishing households. There were 12 predictors variables, namely Boat Type (X1), Price Boat (X2), Age of the Boat (X3), Boat Power (X4), Machine Price (X5), Engine Life (X6), Fishing Equipment Price (X7), Fishing Gear Life (X8), Cool Box (X9), Trip/week (X10), Average Hours/trip (X11), and Total Expenditures/week (X12). The response variable is Income Per Week (Y). Data analysis was done by using multiple linear regression analysis and flexible modelling with a machine learning approach. Based on the results of the analysis, a multiple linear regression model had an accuracy level ofR2= 70.5% andMSE= 1.086 × 1018with the boat price was the most dominant influence on fishers’ income. While flexible modelling has an accuracy level ofR2= 85.2% andMSE= 3.308 × 1014. From this research, it was proven that the flexible model had a higher level of accuracy than the linear regression model. Also, the flexible model obtained the nonlinear effect on the number of cool boxes and the fishing gear life.
Good manufacturing practices for risk management in food safety sustainability: An empirical study
Authors: Andriani D P , Aini A P N , Lestari M , Purba P
Published: May 2021

Food is an essential need for the sustainability of human life so that consumers have the right to get a product that is safe for consumption. However, food poisoning cases due to the risk of biological, chemical, physical, and other contamination still occur frequently. In this study, an empirical investigation was conducted on apple pie production in a food processing SME that is known to have a risk of physical, chemical, and biological. This study used the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) and good manufacturing practice (GMP) approaches to analyze each production process’s hazards. This study also identified factors that harm using failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and provided recommendations for improving food safety and security for the SME business sustainability.
Shelf-life prediction of pineapple dodol packed with edible film using accelerated shelf life tests
Authors: Afifah N , Ratnawati L
Published: May 2021

The accelerated shelf-life tests (ASLT) can be applied to predict the shelf life of products to reduce time and cost. ‘Dodol’, semi-wet food, is easily damaged by microbial activity. This study aims to predict the shelf life of pineapple dodol packed by an edible film with and without the addition of antioxidant and antimicrobial. ASLT with the Arrhenius model was used to estimate the shelf life of the dodol products. The dodols with different packaging were stored at some temperatures of 20, 30 and 40°C for 42 days, analyzed periodically to determine total plate count, moisture content, and free fatty acid. The results showed that the shelf life of dodol packed with polypropylene plastic was the longest. In addition, dodol wrapped with edible film with antimicrobial-antioxidant had a longer shelf life than that of without antimicrobial-antioxidant. Based on the total plate count, the shelf life of dodol wrapped with polypropylene plastic, the edible film with antimicrobial-antioxidant, and the edible film without antimicrobial-antioxidant were 32, 26, and 22 days, respectively.
Factors affecting optimization of sustainable food house programs of accelerating food consumption diversification in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu L , Nadida A , Rusimah S Y
Published: May 2021

Sustainable Food House (Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari/KRPL) is one of the programs to accelerate food consumption diversification (Percepatan Penganekaragaman Konsumsi Pangan/P2KP) to fulfill food needs in Indonesia. This study aims to describe the implementation, analyze optimization, and determine the factors that influence the optimization of the KRPL program in Farmer Women Group (Kelompok Wanita Tani/KWT)Migunani. The data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. All members of theKWT Migunani, of which as many as 27 people, are taken as respondents. The analysis was done using descriptive analytics to identify the factors that influence the optimization. The results showed that the program implementation was successful, as indicated by 78.6% ofKWTmembers who were active in group activities, agriculture, and high-level extension workers. T Program optimization is also sufficiently implemented (score 2.73 out of a maximum score of 5), seen from indicators of the number of commodities and technology, the use of more yards, and additional food supply for families. The internal factors that affect the optimization are formal education, family income, cosmopolitan rate, and motivation; while the external factors are the intensity of extension, availability of production facilities, and member involvement inKWT.
Inhibition on color changes of raja banana (Musa sapientum) peel using specific acid
Authors: Al-Baarri A N , Legowo A M , Widayat  , Rizqiati H , Hintono A , Pramono Y B , Somantri M , Broto W , Hadipernata M , Santosa V C , Permatasari T P A , Salam R H , Pangestika W
Published: May 2021

Banana is a tropical fruit that has high nutritional contents such as carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, but it is prone to enzymatic browning reactions due to polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. This research was conducted to inhibit the reduction of the lightness of banana flesh using Hypoiodous Acid (HIO) as specific acid. The banana peel was stored for 3 days at room temperature storage (27°C). The analysis was done on colour change based on the L* value. HIO was obtained using a reaction mixture between H2O2and KI using peroxidase as a catalyst. The HIO was attached to the crown surface of the banana. The lightness was analysed using a digital colour meter within seven points of the area. The results showed that HIO could inhibit the lightness change of banana flesh resulting in a non-significant decrease in the lightness during 3 days of storage. This research might open the knowledge of the preservation of bananas by inhibition of its lightness change in the end-user banana consumer.
Enhancing the food labelling system in Indonesia: The case of food with health-related claims in small and medium enterprises
Authors: Purwaningsih I , Hardiyati R
Published: May 2021

Food labelling is an important element in realizing food safety and nurturing competitiveness. However, empirical research shows that the enforcement of food labelling policy entails complex issues in Indonesia. Taking the case of food with health-related claims produced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs), this research identifies regulatory strategies taken by the Indonesian government as well as challenges in policy enforcement. The findings indicate that the performance of SMEs in complying with labelling regulation on food with health-related claims is influenced by the business environment and institutional framework where the SMEs grow, including a weak regulatory framework, market condition and infrastructure. Furthermore, limited access of SMEs to strategic resources, including finance, skill and innovation assets have also hindered their compliance to regulation. This study addresses the importance of collaboration between multiple stakeholders to strengthen the food safety system from the ecosystem perspective. The interconnection between SMEs, government, research organizations/universities, financial institutions and other members of the ecosystem in co-creating value is expected to enhance the enforcement of labelling policy on food with the health-related claim in the future.
Anti-inflammatory effects of functional beverage from a mixture of moringa leaves, pandanus leaves, and red ginger in mice induced with monosodium urate crystal
Authors: Widyaningsih T D , Rachmawati M , Prabawati E , Winarsih S
Published: May 2021

Production of uric acid that exceeds normal limits in the blood (hyperuricemia) can cause the formation of urate crystals and inflammatory reactions. In various studies, moringa leaves, pandanus leaves, and red ginger are known to contain phytochemical components (phenols and flavonoids) that are useful as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, inhibiting xanthine oxidase enzyme activity, overcoming rheumatism, and antidiabetic. Functional drinks from the mixture of moringa leaves, pandanus leaves, and red ginger were optimised using the response surface method (RSM) in previous studies. The effect of this functional beverage product was tested for its effect as an anti-inflammatory in vivo. The testing process of the anti-inflammatory effect was using intradermally monosodium urate (MSU)-induced mice. Mice were measured for changes in edema, and after two days of treatment, the spleen was taken for flow cytometry testing of inflammatory cytokine expression of CD11b+ TNFα+, CD11b+ IL6+, CD11b+ IL10+, and blood was taken to test the expression of cytokine CD11b+ TNFα+. The results showed functional beverage products could potentially be used as an alternative anti-inflammatory agent in gout because it significantly inhibited edema, significantly inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines CD11b+ TNFα+ and CD11b+ IL6+ and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines CD11b+ IL10+, where the anti-inflammatory effect was not significantly different from the control of indomethacin drugs.
Co-digestion of cocoa pods and cocoa leaves: Effect of C/N ratio to biogas and energy potential
Authors: Suhartini S , Hidayat N , Hadi M W R
Published: May 2021

In Indonesia, energy needs are mostly fulfilled by non-renewable fuels. In the longer term, such practices may lead to an energy crisis due to problems of resource continuity and availability. Therefore, the development of renewable energy remains a priority for the Indonesian Government, one of which is from biomass sources. Indonesia has vast and abundant biomass sources available for further transformation to bioenergy. Waste from the cocoa plantation (e.g. cocoa pods and cocoa leaves), for instance, contain organic materials that are potential for biogas production. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the C/N ratio on biogas production and energy potential from the co-digestion of cocoa husk with cocoa leaves. The Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test operated under batch and mesophilic condition for 28 days were carried out. The samples tested include blank control, positive control (α-cellulose), and co-digestion samples at different C/N ratio in the range of 22 to 25, prepared in triplicate. The results indicated that pH inhibition was not evident during the digestion process. The findings also confirmed that the co-digestion of cocoa pods with cocoa leaves at a much higher C/N ratio was able to enhance biogas production. Further estimation on the electricity potential showed a potential application of this co-digestion strategy for providing alternative renewable energy sources.
Effect of mixture ratio on co-digestion of vegetable and fruit waste with macro-algae, chicken manure and tofu dregs
Authors: Suhartini S , Naraswati A S , Nurika I
Published: May 2021

Fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) are generated in many traditional markets in Indonesia and mostly disposed directly to landfill. Various studies highlighted that FVW could be further valorised either as bioenergy resources or other high-value products. In this study, the biochemical methane potential (BMP) and its electrical energy potential from co-digestion of FVW with macro-algae (MA), chicken manure (CM) and tofu dregs (TD) were investigated. The research design used was a Completely Randomised Design (CRD). All treatments were prepared in triplicate at a ratio of 100:0; 70:30 and 50:50, respectively. All individual anaerobic co-digestion tests of FVW with CM and TD were carried out at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3 kg VS/m3/day. The effects of different feedstock ratio on stability and performance indicators were further evaluated. The biomass characterisation analyses showed that FVW, MA, CM and TD samples have a high amount of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, indicating their suitability as feedstock for biogas production. All tested samples have pH value within the ideal range of 6.8-8.0, indicating that there was no pH inhibition during the digestion process. Increasing co-digestion feed ratio of FVW: CM (70:30) or FVW: TD (70:30) was found to reduce biogas or methane potential. The theoretical estimation of electrical potential from co-digestion of FVW indicated that changing the feed to a ratio of 50:50, produced higher energy generation. This finding confirmed that co-digestion could be an option to enhance biogas and methane yield due to additional nutrient supply from the co-substrates.
Potential valorisation of agro-industrial wastewater for bioenergy production
Authors: Permatasari V R , Hidayat N , Suhartini S
Published: May 2021

Agro-industries generate a high amount of solid waste, wastewater and emissions. In Indonesia’s case, many small and medium-scale agro-industries have problems in treating or in valorising their wastes. Specific to wastewater, due to lack of waste treatment facilities or financial support, as well as lack of policies enforcement, many agro-industries directly disposed of the wastewater to the river bodies. Such practices can have a detrimental effect on the environment due to the accumulation of both organic and an-organic pollutants. This study aimed to investigate the potential of various agro-industrial wastewater (i.e. batik wastewater, tofu-processing wastewater and tempeh-processing wastewater) from Malang City as single feedstock for biogas production. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was employed under a mesophilic condition and operated for 28 days. The results indicated that anaerobic digestion (AD) of tempeh-processing wastewater produced more biogas and methane potential compared to other wastewater samples. The specific methane potential (SMP) from the AD of tempeh-processing wastewater was 0.027 m3/kgVSadded. However, the energy potential calculation indicated that using these wastewater samples was not feasible as a single feedstock for an anaerobic digestion system. Therefore, combining with other potential biomass feedstock as co-substrates is recommended for further in-depth investigation.
Global warming potential from maize cultivation as affected by organic and biochar coated urea fertilizer in rainfed lowland
Authors: Pramono A , Adriany T A , Susilawati H L , Sutriadi M T
Published: May 2021

Biochar is a pyrolysis product used for soil amendments and could be applied as organic fertilizer and biochar coated urea. Biochar increased organic matter stability and mitigate climate change by carbon sequestration and reduce N2O emission. This study aimed to study the effect of biochar coated urea (BCU) fertilizer on global warming potential (GWP) and the economic feasibility of maize cultivation in the rainfed lowland area. The study was carried out at the Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI) Pati, Central Java, from July to October 2017. Six treatments were used as follows, 1) FYM + Phonska + Ureaprill, 2) FYM + Phonska + BCU, 3) Biocompost + Phonska + Ureaprill, 4) Biocompost + Phonska + BCU, 5) sludge + Phonska + Ureaprill, and 6) sludge + Phonska + BCU. All of the treatments were given 3 tons/ha of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer at the same rate. Gas sampling was performed using a closed chamber method. The results showed that BCU application combined organic fertilizer could reduce GWP (CO2-e) by 12.5% compared to the urea prill application. The highest GWP was determined by the application of Sludge + Phonska + Urea prill by 8.9 ton CO2-e per ha. The highest maize grain yield was Biocompost + Phonska + BCU application by 7.29 tons per ha. Biochar application in agricultural ecosystems is a potential option to mitigate climate change and supporting food availability.
Unveiling the impact of the bias-dependent charge neutrality point on graphene based multi-transistor applications
Authors: Pasadas Francisco , Medina-Rull Alberto , Feijoo Pedro Carlos , Pacheco-Sanchez Anibal , Marin Enrique G. , Ruiz Francisco G. , Rodriguez Noel , Godoy Andrés , Jiménez David
Published: May 2021

The Dirac voltage of a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) stands for the gate bias that sets the charge neutrality condition in the channel, thus resulting in a minimum conductivity. Controlling its dependence on the terminal biases is crucial for the design and optimization of radio-frequency applications based on multiple GFETs. However, the previous analysis of such dependence carried out for single devices is uncomplete and if not properly understood could result in circuit designs with poor performance. The control of the Dirac point shift (DPS) is particularly important for the deployment of graphene-based differential circuit topologies where keeping a strict symmetry between the electrically balanced branches is essential for exploiting the advantages of such topologies. This note sheds light on the impact of terminal biases on the DPS in a real device and sets a rigorous methodology to control it so to eventually optimize and exploit the performance of radio-frequency applications based on GFETs.
Failure modes and effects analysis to improve transitions of care in patients discharged on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Sadler Eleanor D , Avdic Edina , Cosgrove Sara E , Hohl Dawn , Grimes Michael , Swarthout Meghan , Dzintars Kathryn , Lippincott Christopher K , Keller Sara C
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To identify barriers to safe and effective completion of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in patients discharged from an academic medical center and to develop targeted solutions to potentially resolve or improve the identified barriers.

A failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) was conducted by a multidisciplinary OPAT task force to evaluate the processes for patients discharged on OPAT to 2 postdischarge dispositions: (1) home and (2) skilled nursing facility (SNF). The task force created 2 process maps and identified potential failure modes, or barriers, to the successful completion of each step. Thirteen and 10 barriers were identified in the home and SNF process maps, respectively. Task force members created 5 subgroups, each developing solutions for a group of related barriers. The 5 areas of focus included (1) the OPAT electronic order set, (2) critical tasks to be performed before patient discharge, (3) patient education, (4) patient follow-up and laboratory monitoring, and (5) SNF communication. Interventions involved working with information technology to update the electronic order set, bridging communication and ensuring completion of critical tasks by creating an inpatient electronic discharge checklist, developing patient education resources, planning a central OPAT outpatient database within the electronic medical record, and creating a pharmacist on-call pager for SNFs.

Conclusion

The FMEA approach was helpful in identifying perceived barriers to successful transitions of care in patients discharged on OPAT and in developing targeted interventions. Healthcare organizations may reproduce this strategy when completing quality improvement planning for this high-risk process.