bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black‐Box Gastrointestinal Tract—Needs and Prospects of Gaining Insights of Fate of Fat, Protein, and Starch in Case of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency by Using Fistulated Pigs
Authors: Mößeler Anne , Kamphues  Josef
Published: February 2017

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) results in the maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients. The digestive processes in humans and other monogastric species like rat and pig are characterized by a predominantly enzymatic digestion within the small intestine and microbial fermentation located in the hindgut. For protein, it is doctrine that only prececally absorbed amino acids can be transferred to the amino acid pool of the host, while postileal absorption of nitrogen‐containing compounds occurs mainly in the form of ammonia, being a burden rather than a benefit for the organism. The pig is an established animal model for humans to study digestive processes. As digestion is markedly impaired in case of EPI the use of an appropriate animal model to study the effects of this disease and to optimize treatment and dietetic measures is of special interest. By using an animal model of experimentally‐induced EPI allowing differentiating between digestive processes in the small as well as in the large intestine by use of ileo‐cecal fistulated animals, marked effects of EPI on prececal digestion of starch and protein could be shown. The data indicatethat estimation of digestibility of nutrients over the entire digestive tract results in a distinct overestimation of enzymatic digestion of starch and protein. Therefore, this model clearly shows that protein and starch digestion are significantly reduced in case of EPI although this cannot be detected on a fecal level. As postileal fermentation of starch is associated not only with energy losses but also with intensive gas production, this is of special interest to minimize meteorism and improve wellbeing of patients.
RTA Occupancy of the Origin of Lytic Replication during Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Reactivation from B Cell Latency
Authors: Santana Alexis , Oldenburg Darby , Kirillov Varvara , Malik Laraib , Dong Qiwen , Sinayev Roman , Marcu Kenneth , White Douglas , Krug Laurie
Published: February 2017

RTA, the viral Replication and Transcription Activator, is essential for rhadinovirus lytic gene expression upon de novo infection and reactivation from latency. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor (TLR)4 engagement enhances rhadinovirus reactivation. We developed two new systems to examine the interaction of RTA with host NF-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling during murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) infection: a latent B cell line (HE-RIT) inducible for RTA-Flag expression and virus reactivation; and a recombinant virus (MHV68-RTA-Bio) that enabled in vivo biotinylation of RTA in BirA transgenic mice. LPS acted as a second stimulus to drive virus reactivation from latency in the context of induced expression of RTA-Flag. ORF6, the gene encoding the single-stranded DNA binding protein, was one of many viral genes that were directly responsive to RTA induction; expression was further increased upon treatment with LPS. However, NF-κB sites in the promoter of ORF6 did not influence RTA transactivation in response to LPS in HE-RIT cells. We found no evidence for RTA occupancy of the minimal RTA-responsive region of the ORF6 promoter, yet RTA was found to complex with a portion of the right origin of lytic replication (oriLyt-R) that contains predicted RTA recognition elements. RTA occupancy of select regions of the MHV-68 genome was also evaluated in our novel in vivo RTA biotinylation system. Streptavidin isolation of RTA-Bio confirmed complex formation with oriLyt-R in LPS-treated primary splenocytes from BirA mice infected with MHV68 RTA-Bio. We demonstrate the utility of reactivation-inducible B cells coupled with in vivo RTA biotinylation for mechanistic investigations of the interplay of host signaling with RTA.
Degradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Bacterial Polyester Hydrolases
Authors: Schmidt Juliane , Wei Ren , Oeser Thorsten , Dedavid e Silva Lukas , Breite Daniel , Schulze Agnes , Zimmermann Wolfgang
Published: February 2017

Polyurethanes (PU) are widely used synthetic polymers. The growing amount of PU used industrially has resulted in a worldwide increase of plastic wastes. The related environmental pollution as well as the limited availability of the raw materials based on petrochemicals requires novel solutions for their efficient degradation and recycling. The degradation of the polyester PU Impranil DLN by the polyester hydrolases LC cutinase (LCC), TfCut2, Tcur1278 and Tcur0390 was analyzed using a turbidimetric assay. The highest hydrolysis rates were obtained with TfCut2 and Tcur0390. TfCut2 also showed a significantly higher substrate affinity for Impranil DLN than the other three enzymes, indicated by a higher adsorption constant K. Significant weight losses of the solid thermoplastic polyester PU (TPU) Elastollan B85A-10 and C85A-10 were detected as a result of the enzymatic degradation by all four polyester hydrolases. Within a reaction time of 200 h at 70 °C, LCC caused weight losses of up to 4.9% and 4.1% of Elastollan B85A-10 and C85A-10, respectively. Gel permeation chromatography confirmed a preferential degradation of the larger polymer chains. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cracks at the surface of the TPU cubes as a result of enzymatic surface erosion. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the observed weight losses were a result of the cleavage of ester bonds of the polyester TPU.
Addendum: Faivre, R.; Colin, J.; Menenti, M. Evaluation of Methods for Aerodynamic Roughness Length Retrieval from Very High-Resolution Imaging LIDAR Observations over the Heihe Basin in China. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 63
Authors: Faivre Robin , Colin Jérôme , Menenti Massimo
Published: February 2017

This work presented in [1] was partly supported by the ESA Dragon 2 programme under proposal no. 5322: ”Key Eco-Hydrological Parameters Retrieval and Land Data Assimilation System Development in a Typical Inland River Basin of China’s Arid Region”, a project which was coordinated at Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) with Massimo Menenti as the Lead Investigator.[...]
From Space to the Rocky Intertidal: Using NASA MODIS Sea Surface Temperature and NOAA Water Temperature to Predict Intertidal Logger Temperature
Authors: Sutton Jessica , Lakshmi Venkat
Published: February 2017

The development of satellite-derived datasets has greatly facilitated large-scale ecological studies, as in situ observations are spatially sparse and expensive undertakings. We tested the efficacy of using satellite sea surface temperature (SST) collected by NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and local water temperature collected from NOAA buoys and onshore stations to estimate submerged intertidal mussel logger temperatures. Daily SST and local water temperatures were compared to mussel logger temperatures at five study sites located along the Oregon coastline. We found that satellite-derived SSTs and local water temperatures were similarly correlated to the submerged mussel logger temperatures. This finding suggests that satellite-derived SSTs may be used in conjunction with local water temperatures to understand the temporal and spatial variation of mussel logger temperatures. While there are limitations to using satellite-derived temperature for ecological studies, including issues with temporal and spatial resolution, our results are promising.
Quantifying the Effects of Normalisation of Airborne LiDAR Intensity on Coniferous Forest Leaf Area Index Estimations
Authors: You Haotian , Wang Tiejun , Skidmore Andrew , Xing Yanqiu
Published: February 2017

The range between a sensor and the target, the incidence angle, and the target reflectance, are known factors that can influence the intensity values of LiDAR data and consequently, its use in many applications. However, very few studies have provided a quantitative analysis of the effects of normalisation of these three factors on forest leaf area index (LAI) estimations. In this paper, using two coniferous tree species (i.e., Scotch pine and Larch pine) as a case study, the effects of intensity normalisation on coniferous forest LAI estimations have, for the first time, been systematically examined and quantified. It was found that the intensity normalisation had a generally positive effect on the improvement of coniferous forest LAI estimations. However, the improvements were very minor. Specifically, the range normalisation did not improve the accuracy of the LAI estimation for either of the two coniferous tree species. The incidence angle and reflectance normalisation improved the accuracy of the LAI estimation for Scotch pine forests; however, they had no effect on the improvement of the LAI estimation for Larch pine forests. This experimental study suggests that range normalisation is not required for forest LAI estimations in areas with small elevation differences (i.e., less than 114 m). The incidence angle and target reflectance normalisation can marginally improve the accuracy of coniferous forest LAI estimations. However, the extent of this improvement varies among species, depending on the choice of incidence angle and reflectance coefficient. Overall, the effects of normalisation of airborne LiDAR intensity on coniferous forest LAI estimations are closely related to topographic conditions (i.e., elevation and slope), the tree species composition, and its associated structural attributes. Therefore, further research should explore the effects of LiDAR intensity normalisation on forest LAI estimations in regions with large elevation differences and diverse forest structures.
Texture-Analysis-Incorporated Wind Parameters Extraction from Rain-Contaminated X-Band Nautical Radar Images
Authors: Huang Weimin , Liu Ying , Gill Eric
Published: February 2017

In this paper, a method for extracting wind parameters from rain-contaminated X-band nautical radar images is presented. The texture of the radar image is first generated based on spatial variability analysis. Through this process, the rain clutter in an image can be removed while the wave echoes are retained. The number of rain-contaminated pixels in each azimuthal direction of the texture is estimated, and this is used to determine the azimuthal directions in which the rain-contamination is negligible. Then, the original image data in these directions are selected for wind direction and speed retrieval using the modified intensity-level-selection-based wind algorithm. The proposed method is applied to shipborne radar data collected from the east Coast of Canada. The comparison of the radar results with anemometer data shows that the standard deviations of wind direction and speed using the rain mitigation technique can be reduced by about 14.5° and 1.3 m/s, respectively.
An Auction-Based Spectrum Leasing Mechanism for Mobile Macro-Femtocell Networks of IoT
Authors: Chen Xin , Xing Lei , Qiu Tie , Li Zhuo
Published: February 2017

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a vision of the upcoming society. It can provide pervasive communication between two or more entities using 4G-LTE (Long Term Evolution) communication technology. In 4G-LTE networks, there are two important problems: helping manage the spectrum demands of IoT devices and achieving much more revenue with the limited resource. This paper proposes a pricing framework to investigate the spectrum leasing in mobile heterogeneous networks with single macrocell and multiple femtocells. We modeled the leasing procedure between the macrocell service provider (MSP) and femtocell holders (FHs) as an auction to motivate the MSP to lease its spectrum resource. All FHs act as the bidders, and the monopolist MSP acts as the auctioneer. In the auction, FHs submit their bids to rent the spectrum resource so that they can make a profit by selling it to their subscribers. The MSP determines the spectrum leasing amount and chooses the winning FHs by solving the dynamic programming-based 0–1 knapsack problem. In our proposed framework, we focus on the spectrum pricing strategy and revenue maximization of the MSP. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides effective motivation for the MSP to lease the spectrum to FHs, and both the MSP and FHs can benefit from spectrum leasing.
Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium on Spinach Using Phage-Based Magnetoelastic Biosensors
Authors: Wang Fengen , Horikawa Shin , Hu Jiajia , Wikle Howard , Chen I-Hsuan , Du Songtao , Liu Yuzhe , Chin Bryan
Published: February 2017

Phage-based magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors have been studied as an in-situ, real-time, wireless, direct detection method of foodborne pathogens in recent years. This paper investigates an ME biosensor method for the detection of Salmonella Typhimurium on fresh spinach leaves. A procedure to obtain a concentrated suspension of Salmonella from contaminated spinach leaves is described that is based on methods outlined in the U.S. FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual for the detection of Salmonella on leafy green vegetables. The effects of an alternative pre-enrichment broth (LB broth vs. lactose broth), incubation time on the detection performance and negative control were investigated. In addition, different blocking agents (BSA, Casein, and Superblock) were evaluated to minimize the effect of nonspecific binding. None of the blocking agents was found to be superior to the others, or even better than none. Unblocked ME biosensors were placed directly in a concentrated suspension and allowed to bind with Salmonella cells for 30 min before measuring the resonant frequency using a surface-scanning coil detector. It was found that 7 h incubation at 37 °C in LB broth was necessary to detect an initial spike of 100 cfu/25 g S. Typhimurium on spinach leaves with a confidence level of difference greater than 95% (p < 0.05). Thus, the ME biosensor method, on both partly and fully detection, was demonstrated to be a robust and competitive method for foodborne pathogens on fresh products.
Muslim Woman Seeking Work: An English Case Study with a Dutch Comparison, of Discrimination and Achievement
Authors: Bagley Christopher , Abubaker Mahmoud
Published: February 2017

The measurement of discrimination in employment is a key variable in understanding dynamics in the nature of, and change in “race relations”. Measuring such discrimination using ‘situation’ and ‘correspondence’ tests was influenced by John Rex’s sociological analyses, and earlier work, begun in America, was continued in England in the 1960s, and further replicated in Europe and America in later decades. This literature is reviewed, and the methodologies of testing for employment discrimination are discussed. Recent work in Britain and the Netherlands is considered in detail in the light of changing social structures, and the rise of Islamophobia. Manchester, apparently the city manifesting the most discrimination in Britain, is considered for a special case study, with a focus on one individual, a Muslim woman seeking intermediate level accountancy employment. Her vita was matched with that of a manifestly indigenous, white Briton. Submitted vitas (to 1043 potential employers) indicated significant discrimination against the Muslim woman candidate. Results are discussed within the context of Manchester’s micro-sociology, and Muslim women’s employment progress in broader contexts. We conclude with the critical realist comment that the “hidden racism” of employment discrimination shows that modern societies continue, in several ways, to be institutionally racist, and the failure to reward legitimate aspirations of minorities may have the effect of pushing some ethnic minorities into a permanent precariat, with implications for social justice and social control in ways which may deny minority efforts to “integrate” in society’s employment systems.
Receiving Assistance and Local Food System Participation
Authors: Som Castellano Rebecca
Published: February 2017

A body of literature has noted that local food systems (LFSs) may not involve active participation by individuals with lower incomes. This is, in part, a function of racial and class hegemony, as well as physical and financial accessibility of LFSs. LFS institutions, such as farmers’ markets, have been working to facilitate receipt of food assistance programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Charitable assistance programs, such as food banks, have also been actively working to engage in LFSs, for example, by making local foods available. However, little research has explored the role that receiving public or charitable assistance can play in influencing LFS participation. In this article, I utilize quantitative and qualitative data collected from across the state of Ohio to examine the relationship between receiving assistance and LFS participation for women, who remain predominately responsible for food provisioning in the U.S., including among those who participate in LFSs. Quantitative results suggest that receiving assistance can increase participation in LFSs. Qualitative data provides more nuanced information about the importance of food assistance for women who want to participate in LFSs, and suggest that it is essential that food cooperatives and farmers’ markets are equipped to receive food assistance programs, such as SNAP, in order for women with lower incomes to participate in LFSs.
La formation de la commanderie impériale de Dunhuang (Gansu) des Han antérieurs : l’apport des sources archéologiques
Authors: Bertrand Arnaud
Published: February 2017

Located in the westernmost part of the Gansu province, Dunhuang commandery was founded under the Former Han dynasty (206 BCE–8 CE), during the reign of Emperor Wu (140–87 BCE). With the objective of protecting and retaining full control over the lands conquered from the Xiongnu, the occupation of this territory is the result of an unprecedented military expansion in the northwest. Until the early 20th century, our knowledge of this commandery came solely from the reading of official histories written during or after those events. Then, archaeological investigations in Dunhuang and Guazhou region revealed remains of this occupation such as the westernmost parts of the Great Wall. Archaeologists discovered more than 150,000 wooden tablets mostly written by Han dynasty soldiers and border officials. Such documents offer a more precise and detailed view of the functioning of this commandery and of its local administration. Important as these tablets are, they do not add a great deal to our understanding of the years of formation of Dunhuang commandery (between 111 and 90 BCE). By looking at several fortified sites discovered in Dunhuang and Guazhou region, the author will show that it is possible to gain a better comprehension of the formative period of this commandery.
L’apport des enquêtes de conjoncture auprès des entreprises à la prévision à court terme de l’emploi : une application en temps réel sur données suisses
Authors: Siliverstovs Boriss
Published: February 2017

Cet article étudie l’apport des enquêtes de conjoncture auprès des entreprises réalisées par le centre de recherches conjoncturelles Kof à la prévision à court terme de l’emploi en Suisse. Une base de données en temps réel est utilisée pour simuler le processus de prévision en n’exploitant que les informations qui étaient disponibles lors de l’élaboration de chaque prévision. Le contenu prédictif de l’indicateur de l’emploi du Kof, tiré de ses enquêtes de conjoncture, est évalué pour les prévisions relatives aux trimestres courant et suivant, qui devancent les premiers chiffres officiels publiés de deux et cinq mois, respectivement. La prise en compte de l’indicateur de l’emploi du Kof débouche sur des prévisions ponctuelles et en densité sensiblement meilleures que celles tirées d’un simple modèle autorégressif de l’emploi.
L. Sulla imperator et imperator iterum : pour une réévaluation de la chronologie des émissions monétaires de Sylla (RRC 367-368 et 359)
Authors: Assenmaker Pierre
Published: February 2017

Cet article aborde sous un angle nouveau le problème de la chronologie des émissions syllaniennes aux légendes L. SVL(L) A IM(P)(E) (RRC 367-368) et L. SVLLA IMPER ITERV(M) (RRC 359). La première partie est consacrée à la signification du titre d’imperator, qui désigne Sylla a priori comme «commandant détenteur de l’imperium » . Le classement traditionnel des séries implique une utilisation arbitraire de l’itération, qui n’est pas la plus vraisemblable. La suite de l’article propose donc une réévaluation des éléments fondant les datations communément adoptées.

Au terme de cet examen, l’hypothèse suivante est mise à l’épreuve : l’émission L. Sulla imperator aurait été produite vers 90-89, durant la guerre sociale, et les monnaies L. Sulla imperator iterum à partir de la fin de l’année 84 (au plus tôt), pour financer la campagne en Italie.
In the interface of caesalpinioids and mimosoids: Comparative floral development elucidates shared characters in Dimorphandra mollis and Pentaclethra macroloba (Leguminosae)
Authors: De Barros Thais C. , Pedersoli Giseli D. , Paulino Juliana V. , Teixeira Simone P.
Published: February 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Pentaclethra and Dimorphandra (Leguminosae) have long been considered a possible enigmatic link between caesalpinioids and mimosoids because they both have an imbricate calyx and heteromorphic androecium, floral features that are rare among mimosoids but common among caesalpinioids. This study compared the developing flowers of Dimorphandra mollis and Pentaclethra macroloba to determine whether the shared floral conditions also have the same ontogenetic origin.

METHODS:

Buds of different sizes and flowers were processed for surface (scanning electron microscopy) and histological (light microscopy) examination.

KEY RESULTS:

The floral meristem initiates five sepal primordia in a modified helical order in both species. The median sagittal sepal is adaxial. The overlap of the sepals during elongation culminates with the formation of the imbricate calyx. Heteromorphic androecia arise in the intermediate stages of development. In P. macroloba, the fertile pollen‐bearing stamens are antesepalous, robust and short, and the anthers carry a robust apical gland; the staminodes are long and white with a vestigial apical gland. In contrast, in D. mollis the fertile pollen‐bearing stamens are antepetalous without glands and as long as the staminodes. The staminodes are thinner with an expanded apical region.

CONCLUSIONS:

The imbricate calyx and the heteromorphic androecium in the studied species originated via distinct pathways, favoring the hypothesis of homoplasy of these conditions. The pathways observed in P. macroloba are more similar to those observed in caesalpinioids than to those observed in mimosoids, indicating that although the floral development differs between the species studied, it supports the basal placement of Pentaclethra among mimosoids.
Evolution of Occator Crater on (1) Ceres
Authors: Nathues A. , Platz T. , Thangjam G. , Hoffmann M. , Mengel K. , Cloutis E. A. , Corre L. Le , Reddy V. , Kallisch J. , Crown D. A.
Published: February 2017

The dwarf planet Ceres (diameter 939 km) is the largest object in the main asteroid belt. Recent investigations suggest that Ceres is a thermally evolved, volatile-rich body with potential geological activity, a body which was never completely molten but possibly differentiated into a rocky core, an ice-rich mantle, and which may contain remnant internal liquid water. Thermal alteration and exogenic material infall contribute to producing a (dark) carbonaceous chondritic-like surface containing ammoniated phyllosilicates. Here we report imaging and spectroscopic analyses of Occator crater derived from the Framing Camera and the Visible and Infrared Spectrometer onboard Dawn. We found that the central bright spot (Cerealia Facula) of Occator is ∼30 Myr younger than the crater itself. The central spot is located in a central pit which contains a dome that is spectrally homogenous, exhibiting absorption features that are consistent with carbonates. Multiple radial fractures across the dome indicate an extrusive formation process. Our results lead us to conclude that the floor region was subject to past endogenic activity. Dome and bright material in its vicinity formed likely due to a long-lasting, periodic, or episodic ascent of bright material from a subsurface reservoir rich in carbonates. Originally triggered by an impact event, gases, possibly dissolved from a subsurface water/brine layer, enabled material rich in carbonates to ascend through fractures and be deposited onto the surface.
One Law to Rule Them All: The Radial Acceleration Relation of Galaxies
Authors: Lelli Federico , McGaugh Stacy S. , Schombert James M. , Pawlowski Marcel S.
Published: February 2017

We study the link between baryons and dark matter (DM) in 240 galaxies with spatially resolved kinematic data. Our sample spans 9 dex in stellar mass and includes all morphological types. We consider (1) 153 late-type galaxies (LTGs; spirals and irregulars) with gas rotation curves from the SPARC database, (2) 25 early-type galaxies (ETGs; ellipticals and lenticulars) with stellar and H i data from ATLAS

3
D

or X-ray data from Chandra, and (3) 62 dwarf spheroidals (dSphs) with individual-star spectroscopy. We find that LTGs, ETGs, and “classical” dSphs follow the same radial acceleration relation: the observed acceleration (

g

obs

) correlates with that expected from the distribution of baryons (

g

bar

) over 4 dex. The relation coincides with the 1:1 line (no DM) at high accelerations but systematically deviates from unity below a critical scale of ∼10−10 m s−2. The observed scatter is remarkably small (

≲
0.13

dex) and largely driven by observational uncertainties. The residuals do not correlate with any global or local galaxy property (e.g., baryonic mass, gas fraction, and radius). The radial acceleration relation is tantamount to a natural law: when the baryonic contribution is measured, the rotation curve follows, and vice versa. Including ultrafaint dSphs, the relation may extend by another 2 dex and possibly flatten at

g

bar

≲

10

−
12

 m s−2, but these data are significantly more uncertain. The radial acceleration relation subsumes and generalizes several well-known dynamical properties of galaxies, like the Tully–Fisher and Faber–Jackson relations, the “baryon-halo” conspiracies, and Renzo’s rule.
Limits on Polarized Leakage for the PAPER Epoch of Reionization Measurements at 126 and 164 MHz
Authors: Moore David F. , Aguirre James E. , Kohn Saul A. , Parsons Aaron R. , Ali Zaki S. , Bradley Richard F. , Carilli Chris L. , DeBoer David R. , Dexter Matthew R. , Gugliucci Nicole E. , Jacobs Daniel C. , Klima Pat , Liu Adrian , MacMahon David H. E. , Manley Jason R. , Pober Jonathan C. , Stefan Irina I. , Walbrugh William P.
Published: February 2017

Polarized foreground emission is a potential contaminant of attempts to measure the fluctuation power spectrum of highly redshifted 21 cm H i emission from the epoch of reionization. Using the Donald C. Backer Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization, we present limits on the observed power spectra of all four Stokes parameters in two frequency bands, centered at 126 MHz (z = 10.3) and 164 MHz (z = 7.66), for a three-month observing campaign of a deployment involving 32 antennas, for which results on the unpolarized power spectrum have been reported at z = 7.7 (by Parsons et al.) and at

(by Jacobs et al.). The power spectra in this paper are processed in the same way as by those authors, and show no definitive detection of polarized power. This nondetection is consistent with what is known about polarized sources, combined with the suppression of polarized power by fluctuations in the ionospheric rotation measure, which can strongly affect Stokes Q and U. We are able to show that the net effect of polarized leakage is a negligible contribution at the levels of the limits reported by Parsons et al. and Jacobs et al.
Void Profile from Planck Lensing Potential Map
Authors: Chantavat Teeraparb , Sawangwit Utane , Wandelt Benjamin D.
Published: February 2017

We use the lensing potential map from Planck CMB lensing reconstruction analysis and the “Public Cosmic Void Catalog” to measure the stacked void lensing potential. We have made an attempt to fit the HSW void profile parameters from the stacked lensing potential. In this profile, four parameters are needed to describe the shape of voids with different characteristic radii R

V
. However, we have found that after reducing the background noise by subtracting the average background, there is a residue lensing power left in the data. The inclusion of the environment shifting parameter,

, is necessary to get a better fit to the data with the residue lensing power. We divide the voids into two redshift bins: cmass1 (

) and cmass2 (

). Our best-fit parameters are

,

,

,

,

for the cmass1 sample with 123 voids and

,

,

,

,

for the cmass2 sample with 393 voids at 68% C.L. The addition of the environment shifting parameter is consistent with the conjecture that the Sloan Digital Sky Survey voids reside in an underdense region.
Scaling Relations of Mass, Velocity, and Radius for Disk Galaxies
Authors: Schulz Earl
Published: February 2017

I demonstrate four tight correlations of total baryonic mass, velocity, and radius for a set of nearby disk galaxies: the mass–velocity relation

the mass–radius relation

; the radius–velocity relation

and the mass–radius–velocity relation

. The mass–velocity relation is the familiar Baryonic Tully–Fisher relation, and versions of the other three relations, using magnitude rather than baryonic mass, are also well known. These four observed correlations follow from a pair of more fundamental relations. First, the centripetal acceleration at the edge of the stellar disk is proportional to the acceleration predicted by Newtonian physics, and second, this acceleration is a constant that is related to Milgrom’s constant. The two primary relations can be manipulated algebraically to generate the four observed correlations and allow little room for dark matter inside the radius of the stellar disk. The primary relations do not explain the velocity of the outer gaseous disks of spiral galaxies, which do not trace the Newtonian gravitational field of the observed matter.
IRIS, Hinode, SDO, and RHESSI Observations of a White Light Flare Produced Directly by Non-thermal Electrons
Authors: Lee Kyoung-Sun , Imada Shinsuke , Watanabe Kyoko , Bamba Yumi , Brooks David H.
Published: February 2017

An X1.6 flare occurred in active region AR 12192 on 2014 October 22 at 14:02 UT and was observed by Hinode, IRIS, SDO, and RHESSI. We analyze a bright kernel that produces a white light (WL) flare with continuum enhancement and a hard X-ray (HXR) peak. Taking advantage of the spectroscopic observations of IRIS and Hinode/EIS, we measure the temporal variation of the plasma properties in the bright kernel in the chromosphere and corona. We find that explosive evaporation was observed when the WL emission occurred, even though the intensity enhancement in hotter lines is quite weak. The temporal correlation of the WL emission, HXR peak, and evaporation flows indicates that the WL emission was produced by accelerated electrons. To understand the WL emission process, we calculated the energy flux deposited by non-thermal electrons (observed by RHESSI) and compared it to the dissipated energy estimated from a chromospheric line (Mg ii triplet) observed by IRIS. The deposited energy flux from the non-thermal electrons is about (3–7.7) × 1010 erg cm−2 s−1 for a given low-energy cutoff of 30–40 keV, assuming the thick-target model. The energy flux estimated from the changes in temperature in the chromosphere measured using the Mg ii subordinate line is about (4.6–6.7) × 109 erg cm−2 s−1: ∼6%–22% of the deposited energy. This comparison of estimated energy fluxes implies that the continuum enhancement was directly produced by the non-thermal electrons.
Formation of Galactic Prominence in the Galactic Central Region
Authors: Peng Chih-Han , Matsumoto Ryoji
Published: February 2017

We carried out 2.5-dimensional resistive MHD simulations to study the formation mechanism of molecular loops observed by Fukui et al. in the Galactic central region. Since it is hard to form molecular loops by lifting up dense molecular gas, we study the formation mechanism of molecular gas in rising magnetic arcades. This model is based on the in situ formation model of solar prominences, in which prominences are formed by cooling instability in helical magnetic flux ropes formed by imposing converging and shearing motion at footpoints of the magnetic arch anchored to the solar surface. We extended this model to Galactic center scale (a few hundreds of parsecs). Numerical results indicate that magnetic reconnection taking place in the current sheet that formed inside the rising magnetic arcade creates dense blobs confined by the rising helical magnetic flux ropes. Thermal instability taking place in the flux ropes forms dense molecular filaments floating at high Galactic latitude. The mass of the filament increases with time and can exceed

10

5

M

⊙

.
Dynamical Formation of Low-mass Merging Black Hole Binaries like GW151226
Authors: Chatterjee Sourav , Rodriguez Carl L. , Kalogera Vicky , Rasio Frederic A.
Published: February 2017

Using numerical models for star clusters spanning a wide range in ages and metallicities (Z) we study the masses of binary black holes (BBHs) produced dynamically and merging in the local universe (z ≲ 0.2). After taking into account cosmological constraints on star formation rate and metallicity evolution, which realistically relate merger delay times obtained from models with merger redshifts, we show here for the first time that while old, metal-poor globular clusters can naturally produce merging BBHs with heavier components, as observed in GW150914, lower-mass BBHs like GW151226 are easily formed dynamically in younger, higher-metallicity clusters. More specifically, we show that the mass of GW151226 is well within 1σ of the mass distribution obtained from our models for clusters with Z/Z⊙ ≳ 0.5. Indeed, dynamical formation of a system like GW151226 likely requires a cluster that is younger and has a higher metallicity than typical Galactic globular clusters. The LVT151012 system, if real, could have been created in any cluster with Z/Z⊙ ≲ 0.25. On the other hand, GW150914 is more massive (beyond 1σ) than typical BBHs from even the lowest-metallicity (Z/Z⊙ = 0.005) clusters we consider, but is within 2σ of the intrinsic mass distribution from our cluster models with Z/Z⊙ ≲ 0.05; of course, detection biases also push the observed distributions toward higher masses.
Searching for Rapid Orbital Decay of WASP-18b
Authors: Wilkins Ashlee N. , Delrez Laetitia , Barker Adrian J. , Deming Drake , Hamilton Douglas , Gillon Michael , Jehin Emmanuel
Published: February 2017

The WASP-18 system, with its massive and extremely close-in planet, WASP-18b (M

p
 = 10.3M

J
, a = 0.02 au, P = 22.6 hr), is one of the best-known exoplanet laboratories to directly measure Q′, the modified tidal quality factor and proxy for efficiency of tidal dissipation, of the host star. Previous analysis predicted a rapid orbital decay of the planet toward its host star that should be measurable on the timescale of a few years, if the star is as dissipative as is inferred from the circularization of close-in solar-type binary stars. We have compiled published transit and secondary eclipse timing (as observed by WASP, TRAPPIST, and Spitzer) with more recent unpublished light curves (as observed by TRAPPIST and Hubble Space Telescope) with coverage spanning nine years. We find no signature of a rapid decay. We conclude that the absence of rapid orbital decay most likely derives from Q′ being larger than was inferred from solar-type stars and find that Q′ ≥ 1 × 106, at 95% confidence; this supports previous work suggesting that F stars, with their convective cores and thin convective envelopes, are significantly less tidally dissipative than solar-type stars, with radiative cores and large convective envelopes.
Prospective Surveillance of Antiviral Resistance in Hospitalized Infants Less than 12 Months of Age with A(H3N2) Influenza Infection and Treated with Oseltamivir
Authors: Rath Barbara , Chen Xi , Spies Vera , Muehlhans Susann , Obermeier Patrick , Tief Franziska , Seeber Lea , Karsch Katharina , Milde Jeanette , Skopnik Heino , Schweiger Brunhilde , Duwe Susanne C
Published: February 2017

Background

Infants exhibit elevated influenza virus loads and prolonged viral shedding, which may increase the risk for resistance development, especially in cases of suboptimal exposure to antiviral therapy.

Methods

We performed a prospective surveillance of hospitalized infants undergoing oseltamivir therapy during the 2008–2009 and 2011–2012 influenza seasons at two paediatric hospitals in Germany. A total of 37 infants less than 1 year of age with laboratory confirmed influenza A(H3N2) infection received oseltamivir as per physician's order for 5 days (2008–2009 season: 2 mg/kg twice daily; 2011–2012 season: 2.0 mg/kg; 2.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg twice daily for infants <1 month; 2–3 months and 4–12 months, respectively). Virus load, the susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), and the presence of molecular markers of resistance to NAIs was assessed for influenza viruses recovered from respiratory samples collected at baseline and during follow-up visits.

Results

Overall, 73% of the infants continued to shed viral RNA detectable by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR after dose number 10 of oseltamivir; 12 infants shed viruses, 2 of them (both 9 months of age) shed resistant viruses. Resistance was characterized by ≥1,000-fold increase of 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for oseltamivir, up to 50-fold for zanamivir and elevated Km values when compared to susceptible A(H3N2) strains. Sanger sequencing revealed the selection of the NA-R292K substitution in both instances (after dose number 10 on day 6).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that it may be relevant to monitor antiviral resistance systematically in all infants, considering that the European Medicines Agency has recently extended the licensure for oseltamivir to include full-term infants.
Infans adoptée, adolescente adoptante
Authors: de Kernier Nathalie
Published: February 2017

En revisitant des temps de psychothérapie d’une adolescente adoptée bébé, consultant à la suite d’une tentative de suicide, le processus analytique est vu comme analogue à un processus d’adoption réciproque, incluant les parents adoptifs confiant l’adolescente en thérapie. Le travail analytique favorise chez l’adolescente l’adoption de parties d’elle clivées, l’amenant à se réapproprier son histoire. Devenir adulte impliquera la possibilité de choisir ses affiliations : à son tour, elle pourra adopter.
Lost in transition
Authors: Monzani Stefano
Published: February 2017

Si l’adoption à l’adolescence se passe souvent sans de graves écueils, il existe néanmoins des situations où la collusion entre les aspects traumatiques liés au passé de l’enfant et sa réactivation à l’adolescence, et la vulnérabilité des parents, empêchent toute affiliation, toute greffe. L’auteur a appelé ces situations de grande détresse individuelle et familiale, états de survivance, en référence aux écrits de J. Altounian.
Les images « trash » sur réseaux sociaux : souffrance ou passage pubertaire ?
Authors: Papot Vincent , Haza Marion
Published: February 2017

Grâce aux médias sociaux, l’adolescent expérimente sa relation aux autres et à lui-même. Parfois, ces expressions identitaires par l’image dérivent. Même si les contenus que l’adolescent partage peuvent choquer, l’hypothèse d’une « déviance » a ses limites. Ainsi, sur Internet ce qui distingue la souffrance psychique d’une publication typiquement adolescente serait la capacité du jeune à s’inscrire après-coup dans un croisement narcissique et objectal, au cœur du « désir d’extimité ».
Design System of High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) Thermal Spray Coating Based on Computerization
Authors: Susanti Vita , Martides Erie , Mirdanies Midriem , Prawara Budi , Kristi Ant. Ardath , Junianto Endro
Published: February 2017

Wear and corrosion are problems prevalent in the industrialized world. One way to overcome this matter is the process of coating with a thermal spray coating. The coating process is categorized into two processes based on the heat source, i.e., combustion and electric. One example of combustion process is the high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF). The HVOF system which is operated manually has been studied in previous works. Computerized HVOF system is developed and manufactured in this study to improve reproducibility of coating and safety of operator. ATMega16 microcontroller was connected with several sensors (oxygen mass flow controller, nitrogen mass flow controller, propane mass flow controller, and pressure sensor), and Visual Studio.Net 2013 was used to create a graphic user interface (GUI). Based on test results obtained, it was found that the GUI successfully communicated using serial communications and could access the input/output (I/O) required by the microcontroller. Combinaton of gas mass flow controller and pressure sensors result in precise control of oxy-fuel combustion process.
Effects of Sb and Zn Addition on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Sn–Ag–Cu Solders
Authors: Fakpan Kittichai , Canyook Rungsinee
Published: February 2017

Pb–free solders have been widely developed by materials researchers as mainly focused on the replacement for Sn–Pb eutectic solder. In this study, Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu, Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu–xSb and Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu–xZn solders (x = 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt%) were prepared using melting method. The effect of Sb and Zn addition on microstructure and properties, such as tensile strength, microhardness and corrosion resistance of Sn–Ag–Cu solders was investigated. The microstructure analysis revealed that addition of Sb and Zn to the Sn–Ag–Cu solders obviously decreased phase fraction of the dendritic β–Sn phase and the finer eutectic phase was obtained, resulting in superior mechanical properties of the Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu–xSb and Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu–xZn solders compared to the Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder. The results of potentiodynamic polarization tests indicated that the corrosion potentials of the Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu–xSb solders continuously increased with increasing of Sb content. While Zn content had little effect on the corrosion potentials of the Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu–xZn solders.
Influence of Ti on the Electrochemical Behavior of Al-Zn-In-Si Sacrificial Anodes
Authors: Worasaen Kaweewat , Mungsantisuk Pinai
Published: February 2017

Aluminum alloy is well-known as a sacrificial anode material which can provide higher-electrochemical capacities than other types of sacrificial anodes. Al-Zn-In-Si alloys are primarily used to protect steel structures for marine application. The electrochemical behaviors of aluminum sacrificial anodes were investigated using experimental set-up conformed to NACE standard TM0190-2012. The electrochemical capacity of Al-5 wt% Zn-0.015 wt% In-0.1 wt% Si alloy is about 2,600 Ah/kg. The results indicate that the electrochemical capacities of Al-Zn-In-Si based alloys are improved by addition of Ti. Al-5 wt% Zn-0.015 wt% In-0.1 wt% Si alloy with Ti addition can provide higher-electrochemical capacities up to 2,747 Ah/kg.
Glass Fiber/Polypropylene Composites Produced by Film Extrusion for Local Reinforcements
Authors: Loypetch Nalin , Tröltzsch Jürgen , Kroll Lothar , Siengchin Suchart
Published: February 2017

Short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene films with different fiber content were produced by film extrusion using a coat-hanger die. Despite the elongation flow in the coat hanger die, a highly aligned fiber orientation in processing direction was observed. The typical increase of the tensile modulus with increasing fiber content was obtained whereas the tensile strength dropped down by incorporating small amounts of fibers. With 50 wt% fiber content the level of neat polymer film is reached again. The absence of a packing and consolidation step in compare to molding processes leads to a relative high surface roughness which increases the appearance of cracks in case of a load. For further improvement an additional pressure-related calendaring step is useful.
Arsenic Adsorption Using the Adsorbent Synthesised from Oyster Shell
Authors: Khownpurk Pichnipa , Wongpromrat Wichitra , Chandra-Ambhorn Walairat
Published: February 2017

Ground oyster shells were calcined and used as an adsorbent to remove As (III) from contaminated water. Adsorption experiment was performed by batch tests. The effect of pH on the adsorption performance was investigated. The result showed that at the initial concentration of 100 mg/L, over the pH range of 5-11, the highest efficiency was obtained at pH 11. The experimental data better correlated with pseudo-second order model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of approximately 195.5 mg/g was obtained at pH 11.
Effect of Selected Mineral Admixtures on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: Popek Mateusz , Sadowski Łukasz
Published: February 2017

The effect of mineral admixtures on compressive and tensile strength of concrete was studied in the article. The concrete mixtures were modified by quart, quartz-feldspar and basalt powder in amount 10, 20 and 30 % by weight of cement. The mix with no mineral admixture was prepared as a control sample. The results obtained show that selected mineral admixtures lower concrete strength but the degree of strength reduction depends on the used mineral admixture and its concentration.
Single Cell Li-Ion Polymer Battery Charge and Discharge Characterizations for Application on Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Rajendran Parvathy , Mazlan Nurul Musfirah , Smith Howard
Published: February 2017

Solar-powered UAV is an alternative way to achieve high endurance and long range UAV flight. However, solar irradiance is not always available during the flight. Thus, secondary power source which is electrical batteries will improve the performance of solar-powered UAV when solar irradiance is not available. Therefore, bench test for LiPo battery is conducted in this paper for the design of solar-powered UAV power system. The impact of operating temperature at various charging and discharging rate on the duration to full charge and discharge and capacity level of a single LiPo battery were assessed. The solar module installed in solar-powered UAV developed by Aircraft Design Group, Cranfield University has to be designed to charge the battery pack at a nominal or maximum rate of 0.129 C and 0.155 C correspondingly. The solar module requires roughly 5.73 hours on nominal charging rate on 30 °C operating temperature to fully charge capacity level instead of 5.54 hours theoretical predicted. The battery pack will then discharge at cruise flight roughly about 0.071 C to a maximum of 1.685 C if required. If the battery pack is not charged, during cruise flight the battery capacity will deplete completely at about 6.51 hours for the same operating temperature, in contrast to the 6.48 hours based on the theoretical prediction. In addition, the usage of LiPo batteries for operation at high altitudes and/or extreme temperatures without an additional heating or cooling system for these battery packs is not favorable. Thus, it is best to charge at low charging rate and high operating temperature to store and utilize the most capacity from this battery.