bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SERS Materials with Small‐Molecule Sensitivity for Biological Diagnosis
Authors: Xu Yifan , Dong Qiuchen , Cong Shan , Zhao Zhigang
Published: January 2024

Small molecule metabolites depict a biological system‘s status and help monitor disease conditions. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) holds considerable promise as an instant and non‐destructive detection tool for biological diagnosis. With single‐molecular sensitivity, molecular fingerprint and water compatible, SERS provides valuable information about chemical structures and analyte compositions, especially desirable in biological diagnosis. Design and fabrication of effective, stable SERS substrates can be one of the major research priorities to provide small‐molecule tracing with high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. Significant efforts have been directed towards creating high‐performance and multifunctional SERS substrates spanning from coinage metals to semiconductor materials. However, most SERS substrates are suffering from unsatisfied sensitivity for tracing small molecules such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other biomarkers. This review summarized recent advances in SERS‐active substrates and their sensing for small biomarker molecules, especially VOCs in diagnosis.
High oxygen barrier property of polyethylene composite films with bilayer polyvinyl alcohol coating for emergency foods in high‐humidity environments
Authors: Fu Yujie , Wang Jun , Huang Shuting , Duan Fang
Published: January 2024

The limited oxygen barrier of polyethylene (PE) films has restricted their further application in food packaging, like emergency foods. Although its oxygen barrier property can be improved by applying a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating, the application of PVA/PE composite films in high‐humidity environments is still challenging. Hence, this study aimed to enhance the oxygen barrier properties of PVA/PE composite films in high‐humidity environments. Specifically, PVA coatings were modified by the itaconic acid (IA) and magnesium‐aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDH), and then applied to PE films as bilayer coating. Because of the unique bilayer coating on the PE surface, the oxygen barrier property of PVA/PE composite film (IA/LDH‐p) in high‐humidity environments has been further improved. The results confirmed that IA/LDH‐p had an oxygen permeability coefficient of 1.92 ± 0.16 × 10−16 cm3 cm/(cm2 s Pa) under a high‐humidity environment test, 82.42% better than that of single‐layer coating coated on PE surface. After being stored at RH 90% for 36 h, the tensile strength and elongation at break values of IA/LDH‐p were 27.20 MPa and 919.63%, respectively. Overall, this obtained PVA/PE composite films showed great potential for application in emergency foods packaging, particularly in high‐humidity environments.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of naphthoylamide derivatives as inhibitors of STAT3 phosphorylation
Authors: Lu JiaHao , Yan XiuYang , Lai WuJi , Jiang Li‐He , Shen Li‐Qun , Wu Ai‐Qun , Zhao Chengguang
Published: January 2024

The phosphorylation of STAT3 plays a critical physiological role in the proliferation of rectal cancer. Hence, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation is an effective anticancer approach. In this work, we designed a novel 5‐R'‐1‐naphthylmethylamide scaffold as a small molecule inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation. The results showed that 3D and 4D have exceptional inhibitory ability against three different colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, and can induce apoptosis of CRC cells by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, while having no killing effect on normal human cells. 3D and 4D can inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, and also inhibit the nuclear translocation of interleukin (IL)‐6‐induced STAT3. In the in vivo tumor model research, 4D significantly reduced the tumor volume of mice and had no drug toxicity on other organ tissues. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed that 3D and 4D had greater binding free energy when interacting with the STAT3 SH2 structural domain, and could establish H–π interaction modes. Dynamic simulation studies indicated that both compounds were able to bind tightly to STAT3.
Measurements of visual double stars with PISCO2 at the Nice 76‐cm refractor in 2016–2017
Authors: Prieur Jean‐Louis , Gili René , Rivet Jean‐Pierre , Vakili Farrokh , Scardia Marco , Pansecchi Luigi , Argyle Robert W. , Ling Josefina F. , Piccotti Luca , Aristidi Eric , Koechlin Laurent , Bonneau Daniel , Maccarini Luca , Serot Jocelyn
Published: January 2024

We present relative astrometric and photometric measurements of visual double stars made in 2016–2017, with PISCO2 installed at the 76‐cm refractor of Côte d'Azur Observatory in Nice (France). Our observing list contains orbital couples as well as double stars whose motion is still uncertain. Three different techniques were used for obtaining measurements: Lucky Imaging, Speckle Interferometry and the direct vector autocorrelation (DVA) method. From our observations of 1,510 multiple stars, we obtained 2,918 new measurements with angular separations in the range 0″.1–20″ and an average accuracy of . The mean error on the position angles is 1°.1. Most of the position angles were determined without the usual 180° ambiguity with the application of the DVA technique and/or by inspection of the Lucky images or the long integration files. We managed to routinely monitor faint systems () with large magnitude differences (up to ). We have thus been able to measure six systems containing red dwarf stars that had been poorly monitored since their discovery, from which we estimated the stellar masses thanks to Gaia measurements. We also measured the magnitude difference of the two components of 593 double stars with a mean error of 0.1 mag. Thanks to good seeing images and with the use of high‐contrast numerical filters, we have also been able to obtain 46 measurements with an angular separation smaller than the diffraction limit of our instrumentation. Except for a few objects that have been discussed, our measurements are in good agreement with the ephemerides computed with published orbital elements, even for the double stars whose separation is smaller than the diffraction limit. We also report the measurements of 205 new double stars that we found in the files obtained during the observations.
A Review of the Ethnobotany, Biological Activity, and Phytochemistry of the Plants in the Gundelia Genus
Authors: Mehrzadeh Marziyeh , Ziayeezadeh Faezeh , Pasdaran Ardalan , Kozuharova Ekaterina , Goyal Rohit , Hamedi Azadeh
Published: January 2024

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) catalog, and Google Scholar from January 1980 up until October 2023 on plants in the Gundelia genus. Gundelia L. (Asteraceae) has been treated as a monospecific genus with Gundelia tournefortii L. (1753: 814) in most recent floras with wide variation in corolla color, but nowadays, the genus consists of 17 species. The unripe inflorescences of these species, especially G. tournefortii L., are consumed in many ways. ′Akkoub′ or ′akko′ in Arabic, “Kangar” in Persian, and “Silifa” in Greek are the common names of G. tournefortii L., also known as tumble thistle in English. They have been used in traditional medicine to treat bronchitis, kidney stones, diarrhea, stomach pain, inflammation, liver and blood diseases, bacterial and fungal infections, and mumps. Based on recent studies, their extracts have exhibited hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Moreover, a variety of phytochemicals, including terpenoids, sterols, and fatty acids, as well as vitamins and minerals, have been identified in this genus. This study reviewed the ethnobotany, phytochemicals, and biological activities of the plants in the Gundelia genus as functional foods and herbal remedies.
Risk Identification and Safety Technology for Hydrogen Production from Natural Gas Reforming
Authors: Feng Lele , Gu Yifan , Pang Jiabao , Jiang Liangliang , Liu Jie , Zhou Hang , Wang Biao , Babaee Saeideh
Published: January 2024

The hydrogen production from natural gas has advantages of low investment, low carbon emission, and high hydrogen production rate. This paper briefly describes the technical overview of hydrogen production from natural gas reforming and identifies its risk factors. According to the dangerous characteristics of high reaction temperature, easy leakage of reaction medium, flammability, and explosion in the process, the intrinsic safety of the process is discussed in combination with relevant research and industrial experience. The safety requirements of key equipment and materials are introduced in detail, followed by the optimization methods of process safety that can be taken in the engineering process. Besides, the accident prevention measures for emergency shutdown and fire explosion are summarized. Finally, the future research demands are put forward from the perspective of research and development, which is instructive for the safe hydrogen production from natural gas in the future.
Atom Transfer Radical Addition of Activated Primary Alkyl Chlorides Using In Situ Generated [Cp*RuII(Cl)(PR3)] Catalysts
Authors: van Leeuwen Nicole S. , Mathew Simon , van Lare Coert E. J. , Ahr Mathieu P. , Zwijnenburg Aalbert , Pullen Sonja , de Bruin Bas
Published: January 2024

Atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of halogenated compounds with alkenes is well established but primary alkyl chlorides are understudied because of the difficult C−Cl bond activation. In this paper, we show that TONs of 61 can be achieved in the ATRA of ethyl chloroacetate onto styrene with [Cp*Ru(Cl)2(PPh3)] and 1,1′‐azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) (ACHN) as a radical initiator, representing a three‐fold improvement compared to previous reports. New catalyst precursors of the type [Cp*Ru(Cl)2(PR3)] were synthesized and tested (R=Me, Et, Cy, Ph, p‐CF3C6H4 and p‐MeOC6H4). The kinetic reaction profiles were studied using in situ ATR−FTIR spectroscopy. Among these complexes, [Cp*Ru(Cl)2(PPh3)] gave the best yields while [Cp*Ru(Cl)2(PMe3)] showed the highest rate. While rates correlate with redox potentials (electronics), our investigation reveals that substrate sterics are important for the overall yield. Density functional theory calculations suggest an open‐shell singlet pathway, where polymerization is kinetically disfavored, explaining the selectivity towards ATRA products.
Room Temperature Hydrogenation of CO2 Utilizing a Cooperative Phosphorus Pyridone‐Based Iridium Complex
Authors: Siangwata Shepherd , Hamilton Alex , Tizzard Graham J. , Coles Simon J. , Owen Gareth R.
Published: January 2024

The synthesis, characterization and application of a new complex, [Ir(κ2‐P,N‐6‐DCyPon*)(COD)] (1), where 6‐DCyPon* is the anionic species, 6‐dicyclohexylphosphino‐2‐oxo‐pyridinide, is reported herein. Complex 1 was found to be an active catalyst in the hydrogenation of CO2 at room temperature. The ligand, 6‐DCyPon*, is derived via deprotonation of a novel pro‐ligand, 6‐DCyPon (6‐dicyclohexylphosphino‐2‐pyridone) during the synthesis of 1. The ligand is shown to participate within the reversible hydrogenation of 1, via a cooperative process, in which the species, [IrH3(κ2‐P,N‐6‐DCyPon)(COD)] (2), was spectroscopically characterized, where 1 reacts with two equivalents of H2.
Electrochemical Desulfurizative Amination of Heteroaromatic Thiols by Iodine Catalysis
Authors: Ran Tingting , Jiang Wei , Fu Xin , Long Jinguo , Liu Jie
Published: January 2024

N‐Heterocyclic amines have been known as an important class of nitrogen‐containing molecules with a wide range of applications. Described here is a mild and efficient electrochemical desulfurizative amination of readily accessible heteroaromatic thiols without necessity of metal catalyst. The key to success for this reaction is the in‐situ generation of a hypervalent iodine reagent as an organocatalyst from iodoarene by anodic oxidation. This mild desulfurizative amination presents ample substrate scope and good functional group tolerance without the use of extra stoichiometric chemical oxidants. As only electrons serve as the oxidation reagents, this method offers a straightforward and sustainable manner towards versatile N‐heterocyclic amines, including late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant molecules.
Magnetic–Plasmonic Nanocomposites as Versatile Substrates for Surface–enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy
Authors: Tiryaki Ecem , Zorlu Tolga , Alvarez‐Puebla Ramon A.
Published: January 2024

Surface–enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, a highly sensitive technique for detecting trace–level analytes, relies on plasmonic substrates. The choice of substrate, its morphology, and the excitation wavelength are crucial in SERS applications. To address advanced SERS requirements, the design and use of efficient nanocomposite substrates have become increasingly important. Notably, magnetic–plasmonic (MP) nanocomposites, which combine magnetic and plasmonic properties within a single particle system, stand out as promising nanoarchitectures with versatile applications in nanomedicine and SERS spectroscopy. In this review, we present an overview of MP nanocomposite fabrication methods, explore surface functionalization strategies, and evaluate their use in SERS. Our focus is on how different nanocomposite designs, magnetic and plasmonic properties, and surface modifications can significantly influence their SERS‐related characteristics, thereby affecting their performance in specific applications such as separation, environmental monitoring, and biological applications. Reviewing recent studies highlights the multifaceted nature of these materials, which have great potential to transform SERS applications across a range of fields, from medical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. Finally, we discuss the prospects of MP nanocomposites, anticipating favorable developments that will make substantial contributions to various scientific and technological areas.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of an Oral Small Molecule Inhibitor of IL‐17A (LY3509754): A Phase I Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Datta‐Mannan Amita , Regev Arie , Coutant David E. , Dropsey Andrew J. , Foster Joanne , Jones Spencer , Poorbaugh Josh , Schmitz Carsten , Wang Evan , Woodman Michael E.
Published: January 2024

For some patients with psoriasis, orally administered small molecule inhibitors of interleukin (IL)‐17A may represent a convenient alternative to IL‐17A‐targeting monoclonal antibodies. This first‐in‐human study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and peripherally circulating IL‐17A target engagement profile of single or multiple oral doses of the small molecule IL‐17A inhibitor LY3509754 (NCT04586920). Healthy participants were randomly assigned to receive LY3509754 or placebo in sequential escalating single ascending dose (SAD; dose range 10–2,000 mg) or multiple ascending dose (MAD; dose range 100–1,000 mg daily for 14 days) cohorts. The study enrolled 91 participants (SAD, N = 51 and MAD, N = 40) aged 21–65 years (71% men). LY3509754 had a time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of 1.5–3.5 hours, terminal half‐life of 11.4–19.1 hours, and exhibited dose‐dependent increases in exposure. LY3509754 had strong target engagement, indicated by elevated plasma IL‐17A levels within 12 hours of dosing. Four participants from the 400‐mg (n = 1) and 1,000‐mg (n = 3) MAD cohorts experienced increased liver transaminases or acute hepatitis (onset ≥ 12 days post‐last LY3509754 dose), consistent with drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). One case of acute hepatitis was severe, resulted in temporary hospitalization, and was classified as a serious adverse event. No adverse effects on other major organ systems were observed. Liver biopsies from three of the four participants revealed lymphocyte‐rich, moderate‐to‐severe lobular inflammation. We theorize that the DILI relates to an off‐target effect rather than IL‐17A inhibition. In conclusion, despite strong target engagement and a PK profile that supported once‐daily administration, this study showed that oral dosing with LY3509754 was poorly tolerated.
The effect of photobiomodulation therapy associated with casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride paste on the treatment of posthome whitening tooth sensitivity and color change: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cardoso Maria E. de O. P. , Takeuchi Elma V. , Alencar Cristiane de M. , de Mesquita Raissa A. , Alves Eliane B. , Silva Cecy M.
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study assessed whether combining photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP‐ACPF) paste can effectively reduce post‐home whitening tooth sensitivity (TS) without compromising shade change.

Methods

Fifty participants were selected and assigned to one of four groups: (1) PLACEBO group—received a placebo paste and PBMT simulation; (2) PBMT group—received a placebo paste + PBMT; (3) CPP‐ACPF group—received CPP‐ACPF paste and PBMT simulation; (4) CPP‐ACPF + PBMT group—received both CPP‐ACPF paste and PBMT. The participants used whitening trays containing 22% carbamide peroxide for 2 h a day for 21 days. TS was measured daily using a visual analog scale, while shade change was assessed using a spectrophotometer: before bleaching treatment (T0), after the first (T1), second (T2), and third (T3) weeks of treatment, and 30 days (T4) after completing the whitening treatment.

Results

Intragroup analysis revealed that the PLACEBO group had the highest increase in sensitivity during the whitening treatment. The CPP‐ACPF and PBMT groups showed no significant difference tooth whitening (TW) between weeks regarding aesthetic change. The CPP‐ACPF and PBMT group exhibited a significant reduction in TS between the first and third and between the second and third weeks TW, but not between the first and second. Conversely, the PLACEBO group showed a higher sensitivity than the other groups (p < .05). The CPP‐ACPF and PBMT groups did not differ from each other. Furthermore, the CPP‐ACPF and PBMT group showed a greater decrease in sensitivity than the PLACEBO group at T1, T2, and T3 (p < .01), and was significantly differed from CPP‐ACPF and PBMT groups only at T2 and T3. All groups confirmed TW effectiveness. Student's and paired t‐test did not reveal any significant difference between groups (p > .05).

Conclusion

Therefore, PBMT associated with CPP‐ACPF paste can reduce TS without compromising the efficacy of TW.
Effect of ceramic materials and tooth preparation design on computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing endocrown adaptation and retentive strength: An in vitro study
Authors: Farghal Ahmed , Dewedar Karim , AbdElaziz Mohammed H. , Saker Samah , Hassona Mahy , Algabri Radwan , Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To evaluate how various tooth preparation designs impact the adaptation—both at the margins and internally—and the retentive strength of computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) produced endocrowns.

Materials and Methods

60 extracted human mandibular first molars were endodontically treated and assigned into three groups (n = 20) according to the tooth preparation design: Group N: butt joint design, Group F and F1 received 1‐ and 2‐mm circumferential ferrule preparation, respectively. Endocrowns were milled using either lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic (IPS emax ceramic) or monolithic zirconia. The internal and marginal adaptation of the endocrowns were evaluated using the replica technique. After cementation, the endocrowns of all test groups were dislodged axially at 0.5 mm/min using a universal testing machine. A 2‐way ANOVA and the independent samples t‐test (α = .05) were performed to statistically analyze the data.

Results

The effect of changing the design of the tooth preparation (butt joint, ferrule) on the marginal and internal gap was shown to be statistically significant (p < .05); the lower gap values were recorded at the axial followed by cervical, marginal, and pulpal floor walls in both ceramic groups regardless of the teeth preparation design. The ANOVA test revealed similar average removal forces and stresses for the two types of tested ceramic materials.

Conclusion

IPS emax ceramic adapted better than monolithic zirconia ceramic, regardless of the preparation design. Ferrule preparation design is more retentive than butt joint preparation, regardless of the type of ceramic material used.
Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Shen Zhichuan , Huang Junqiao , Xie Yu , Wei Dafeng , Chen Jinbiao , Shi Zhicong
Published: January 2024

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) represent the most promising next‐generation high‐energy density batteries. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the lithium metal anode plays a crucial role in regulating lithium deposition and improving the cycling performance of LMBs. In this review, we comprehensively present the formation process of the SEI film, while elucidating the key properties such as electronic conductivity, ionic conductivity, and mechanical performance. Furthermore, various approaches for constructing the SEI film are discussed from both electrolyte regulation and artificial coating design perspectives. Lastly, future research directions along with development recommendations are also provided. This review aims to provide possible strategies for the further improvement of SEI film in LMBs and highlight their inspiration for future research directions.
A cross connected cell based modular multilevel converter for HVDC system with DC short‐circuit fault ride‐through capability
Authors: Kumar Ambati Dinesh , Sreenivasarao Dharmavarapu
Published: January 2024

The non‐permanent dc short‐circuit fault is a crucial issue in overhead high voltage dc transmission (HVDC) lines. In this paper, a cross connected (CC) cell also known as hexagonal switch cell (HSC) based modular multilevel converter (MMC) with dc short‐circuit fault ride through feature is addressed for an HVDC system. During normal operation, the CC cell‐MMC is capable of producing an identical number of levels while using fewer power devices than full‐bridge (FB) and clamp double sub‐module (CDSM)‐based MMCs. Similarly to the FB‐MMC and CDSM‐MMC, the provided CC cell‐MMC not only blocks the dc fault current but can also function as a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) during a DC‐Bus fault. The Proposed control technique uses MMC as a STATCOM to inject reactive power during a pole‐to‐pole DC‐Bus fault to keep the grid stable. The control approach comprises injecting zero‐sequence voltage into each phase to balance the mean voltage of capacitors and arm currents. The fundamental zero‐sequence voltage is obtained by a simple stationary reference frame‐based controller. The control strategy's efficacy is evaluated in MATLAB and confirmed in the Opal‐RT environment.
Activity‐dependent formation of the topographic map and the critical period in the development of mammalian olfactory system
Authors: Fang Ai , Yu C. Ron
Published: January 2024

Neural activity influences every aspect of nervous system development. In olfactory systems, sensory neurons expressing the same odorant receptor project their axons to stereotypically positioned glomeruli, forming a spatial map of odorant receptors in the olfactory bulb. As individual odors activate unique combinations of glomeruli, this map forms the basis for encoding olfactory information. The establishment of this stereotypical olfactory map requires coordinated regulation of axon guidance molecules instructed by spontaneous activity. Recent studies show that sensory experiences also modify innervation patterns in the olfactory bulb, especially during a critical period of the olfactory system development. This review examines evidence in the field to suggest potential mechanisms by which various aspects of neural activity regulate axon targeting. We also discuss the precise functions served by neural plasticity during the critical period.
Onset patterns and clinical features of binge‐eating disorder in a Japanese clinical sample
Authors: Nakai Yoshikatsu , Nin Kazuko , Noma Shun'ichi , Teramukai Satoshi
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the clinical presentation of binge‐eating disorder (BED) in a Japanese sample and to examine the relationship between subtypes of BED differing in onset patterns and those differing in prior history of another eating disorder (ED).

Methods

The study participants were 137 adults who met the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) criteria for BED. We subtyped participants based on prior history of another ED: 55 (40.1%) participants with a history of another ED (BED ED+) and 82 participants without such a history (BED ED–).

Results

Unlike in some Western studies, approximately three quarters of participants had a body mass index of <25 kg/m2. None of the participants reported a history of another ED with purging or excessive exercise. All BED ED+ participants transitioned to BED from anorexia nervosa restricting type (AN‐R) or from atypical AN‐R. BED ED+ participants reported more severe psychopathology than BED ED‐participants. Only 20% had a treatment history for BED. Dieting preceded their first binge eating in 55 participants (DIET‐first BED), and binge eating preceded their first dieting in 82 participants (BINGE‐first BED). Regarding the relationship between the two different subtypes, all DIET‐first BED participants were in the BED ED+ group, whereas all BINGE‐first BED participants were in the BED ED‐group.

Discussion

Present findings revealed the clinical presentation of BED in a Japan‐based study and suggested that subtypes of BED differing in the prior history of another ED yielded an accurate prediction of onset patterns (dieting first vs. binge eating first).

Public Significance

This study highlights the need for clinicians to consider subtype differences in onset patterns and clinical features of BED to treat and prevent this disorder. This study revealed that, although individuals with BED in Japan have severe symptoms and a long duration of illness, only 20% have received BED treatment. The results indicate a need to disseminate knowledge about BED to the Japanese public and healthcare providers.
Planar Chiral Ferrocendiyl and Ruthenocendiyl Bisimidazoline Bispalladacycles Featuring Pyridin‐2‐olates and Ketophenolates as Potentially Hemilabile Ligands in Asymmetric 1,4‐Additions
Authors: Dorst Konstantin , Frey Wolfgang , Peters René
Published: January 2024

Planar chiral bispalladacycles based on ferrocene have previously been shown to be excellent catalysts for asymmetric 1,4‐additions of α‐cyanoacetates to enones. For a bimetallic reaction pathway, it was found that product decomplexation is probably rate‐determining as a result of a bimetallic two‐point binding. We hypothesized that the use of hemilabile chelating ligands might accelerate this step to improve the catalytic activity. Here we report the use of pyridin‐2‐olates (pyridonates) as potentially hemilabile 1,3‐N,O‐chelating ligands in this catalytic application. In this article, we describe the first coordination of pyridonate ligands to planar chiral, metallocene based palladacycles. Four of the resulting ferrocene and ruthenocene bis‐palladium complexes were characterized by X‐ray single crystal structure analysis revealing a μ2‐(O,N) coordination mode. We suggest that an observed lower catalytic efficiency of the new complexes has its origin in this particular coordination mode. For that reason, a related trifluoromethylketophenolate ligand was installed for which κ2‐(O,N) coordination was expected and also experimentally found. Indeed, in that case catalytic activity was improved compared to the benchmark system.
Comprehensive Photophysical and Nonlinear Spectroscopic Study of Thioanisolyl‐Picolinate Triazacyclononane Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Akl Dina , Bridou Lucile , Hojorat Maher , Micouin Guillaume , Kiraev Salauat R. , Riobé François , Denis‐Quanquin Sandrine , Banyasz Akos , Maury Olivier
Published: January 2024

Detailed photophysical studies of luminescent lanthanide complexes are presented and elaborated using a newly developed thioanisolyl‐picolinate antenna and the related tacn macrocyclic ligand. The new ligand proved to sensitise Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III) and Yb(III) emission. Eu(III) complex showed complete energy transfer, yielding high quantum yield (44 %) and brightness, while the Tb(III) analogue underwent a thermally activated back‐energy transfer, resulting in a strong oxygen quenching of the triplet excited state. Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements of Gd(III), Tb(III) and Eu(III) compounds confirmed the sensitization processes upon the charge‐transfer antenna excitation. The triplet excited state lifetime of the Tb(III) complex was 5‐times longer than that of the Gd(III) analogue. In contrast, the triplet state was totally quenched by the energy transfer to the 4f‐metal ion in the Eu(III) species. Nonlinear two‐photon absorption highlighted efficient biphotonic sensitization in Eu(III) and Sm(III) complexes. In case of the Nd(III) compound, one‐photon absorption in 4f–4f transitions was predominant, despite the excitation at the antenna two‐photon band. This phenomenon was due to the Nd(III) 4f–4f transitions overlapping with the wavelength‐doubled absorption of the complex.
How to use inclusive teaching strategies in the age of ChatGPT
Authors: Yoho Rachel
Published: January 2024

Perhaps more than any other recent technological innovation, the sudden appearance of ChatGPT and similar large language models (LLMs) has precipitated a teaching and learning crisis in higher education.
“Locals v. Cosmopolitans”: the roles of visiting faculty on your campus
Authors: Fatzinger Jim , Darville Dub
Published: January 2024

“One‐third of higher education's professoriate will retire within the next 10 to 15 years, and within 25 years the entire faculty of 700,000 will replace itself,” according to Gabelnick et al. (1990). Today, some three generations of faculty serve in higher education leadership roles. “Millennial faculty,” as noted by Strawser (2019), “may require in many ways a new way of thinking.”
Investigation of the effects of white tea on liver fibrosis: An experimental animal model
Authors: Yılmaz Hülya Kılıç , Türker Merve , Kutlu Eda Yılmaz , Mercantepe Tolga , Pınarbaş Esra , Tümkaya Levent , Atak Mehtap
Published: January 2024

Liver fibrosis is a common, progressive disease that affects millions of patients worldwide. In this study, it was aimed at investigating the effect of white tea on liver fibrosis in an in‐vivo environment by creating an experimental liver fibrosis model on rats. In this study, an experimental liver fibrosis model was created with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Sprague–Dawley rats to investigate the effect of white tea on liver fibrosis. Rats are treated with CCl4 (1 mL/kg) to constitute the liver fibrosis model. White tea was given ad libitum with drinking water. As a result of the study, liver tissue hydroxyproline levels were found to be significantly lower (p = .001) in the white tea group. Histopathologically, it was found that the liver tissue histopathological damage score (LHDS) and fibrosis scoring were significantly lower (p < .001) in the white tea group. However, although it was not statistically significant in the group given white tea, compared with the fibrosis group, it was found that the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the liver tissues was lower, the glutathione (GSH) level was higher, and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were lower. The study explained the effect of white tea on liver fibrosis and suggested that white tea might be beneficial in reducing the progression of liver fibrosis.
Dietary phenolic compounds as promising therapeutic agents for diabetes and its complications: A comprehensive review
Authors: Aryal Dipa , Joshi Soniya , Thapa Nabin Kumar , Chaudhary Pratiksha , Basaula Sirjana , Joshi Usha , Bhandari Damodar , Rogers Hannah M. , Bhattarai Salyan , Sharma Khaga Raj , Regmi Bishnu P. , Parajuli Niranjan
Published: January 2024

In the middle of an ever‐changing landscape of diabetes care, precision medicine, and lifestyle therapies are becoming increasingly important. Dietary polyphenols are like hidden allies found in our everyday meals. These biomolecules, found commonly in fruits, vegetables, and various plant‐based sources, hold revolutionary potential within their molecular structure in the way we approach diabetes and its intimidating consequences. There are currently numerous types of diabetes medications, but they are not appropriate for all patients due to limitations in dosages, side effects, drug resistance, a lack of efficacy, and ethnicity. Currently, there has been increased interest in practicing herbal remedies to manage diabetes and its related complications. This article aims to summarize the potential of dietary polyphenols as a foundation in the treatment of diabetes and its associated consequences. We found that most polyphenols inhibit enzymes linked to diabetes. This review outlines the potential benefits of selected molecules, including kaempferol, catechins, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, in managing diabetes mellitus as these compounds have exhibited promising results in in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and some preclinical trials study. This encompassing exploration reveals the multifaceted impact of polyphenols not only in mitigating diabetes but also in addressing associated conditions like inflammation, obesity, and even cancer. Their mechanisms involve antioxidant functions, immune modulation, and proinflammatory enzyme regulation. Furthermore, these molecules exhibit anti‐tumor activities, influence cellular pathways, and activate AMPK pathways, offering a less toxic, cost‐effective, and sustainable approach to addressing diabetes and its complications.
Long‐term CO2 sequestration mechanisms and influence of injection mode in Zhujiang Formation of Pearl River Mouth Basin
Authors: Xuan Tao , Cao Xiaomin , Li Qi , Li Fangfang , Xu Liang
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the mechanisms of long‐term CO2 sequestration and the effects of injection modes (including injection temperature, injection rate and injection cycle) in Zhujiang Formation characterized by high porosity and permeability were investigated using the numerical simulation method. Simulation results showed that more than 88% of the injected CO2 would exist in a supercritical state during the injection period and more than 79% of CO2 would be sequestrated in the reservoir by mineral trapping after 5,000 years. Eventually, the distribution shape of SC‐CO2 was a quarter funnel near the injection well, while the distribution shapes of dissolved and mineralized CO2 were both one quarter rotunda. During the long‐term CO2 sequestration in Zhujiang Formation, the dissolved minerals were anorthite, chlorite and smectite in turn, while the top three main precipitated minerals were calcite, dawsonite and albite. Moreover, higher injection temperature leads to a higher mineral tapping and more dissolved/precipitated minerals. While higher injection rate reduces the mineral tapping and total amount of dissolved/precipitated mineral. Compared to injection temperature and injection rate, the injection cycle has little effect on the CO2 phase evolution and mineral dissolution/precipitation process. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual values predict desiring more economic inequality: The moderator role of social mobility
Authors: Sánchez‐Rodríguez Ángel , García‐Sánchez Efraín , Willis Guillermo B. , Rodríguez‐Bailón Rosa
Published: January 2024

Attitudes towards economic inequality are crucial to uphold structural economic inequality in democratic societies. Previous research has shown that socioeconomic status, political ideology, and the objective level of economic inequality associated with individuals' attitudes towards economic inequality. However, some have suggested that people are aware of the individual and social features that are more functional according to the level of economic inequality. Therefore, individual predispositions such as cultural values could also predict these attitudes. In the current research, we expand previous results testing whether cultural variables at the individual level predict attitudes towards economic inequality. After analysing survey data including samples from 52 countries (N = 89,565), we found that self‐enhancement values predict positively, and self‐transcendence negatively, attitudes towards economic inequality as the ideal economic inequality measures. This result remained significant even after controlling by socioeconomic status, political ideology, and objective economic inequality. However, this effect is only true in high and middle social mobility countries, but not in countries with low social mobility. The present research highlights how cultural values and country social mobility are crucial factors to addressing attitudes towards economic inequality.
Crystal reconstruction of V2O3/carbon heterointerfaces via anodic hydration for ultrafast and reversible Mg‐ion battery cathodes
Authors: Jang Gun , Joe Yun Sang , Lee Sang Joon , Cho Hyun Gyu , Baek Sang Ha , Xiong Peixun , Shin Kang Ho , Yeon Jeong Seok , Kang Min Su , Oh Si Hyoung , Park Ho Seok
Published: January 2024

Magnesium‐ion batteries (MIBs) have promising applications because of their high theoretical capacity and the natural abundance of magnesium Mg. However, the kinetic performance and cyclic stability of cathode materials are limited by the strong interactions between Mg ions and the crystal lattice. Here, we demonstrate the unique Mg2+‐ion storage mechanism of a hierarchical accordion‐like vanadium oxide/carbon heterointerface (V2O3@C), where the V2O3 crystalline structure is reconstructed into a MgV3O7∙H2O phase through an anodic hydration reaction upon first cycle, for the improved kinetic and cyclic performances. As verified by in situ/ex situ spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses, the fast charge transfer kinetics of the V2O3@C cathode were due to the crystal‐reconstruction and chemically coupled heterointerface. The V2O3@C demonstrated an ultrahigh rate capacity of 130.4 mAh g−1 at 50 000 mA g−1 and 1000 cycles, achieving a Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%. The high capacity of 381.0 mA h g−1 can be attributed to the reversible Mg2+‐ion intercalation mechanism observed in the MgV3O7∙H2O phase using a 0.3 M Mg(TFSI)2/ACN(H2O) electrolyte. Additionally, within the voltage range of 2.25 V versus Mg/Mg2+, the V2O3@C exhibited a capacity of 245.1 mAh g−1 when evaluated with magnesium metal in a 0.3 M Mg(TFSI)2 + 0.25 M MgCl2/DME electrolyte. These research findings have important implications for understanding the relationship between the Mg‐ion storage mechanism and reconstructed crystal phase of vanadium oxides as well as the heterointerface reconstruction for the rational design of MIB cathode materials.

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Population Pharmacokinetics of Nirsevimab in Preterm and Term Infants
Authors: Clegg Lindsay , Freshwater Ed , Leach Amanda , Villafana Tonya , Hamrén Ulrika Wählby
Published: January 2024

Nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody with an extended half‐life, is approved for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in all infants in Canada, the EU, Great Britain, and the USA. A population pharmacokinetics (PK) model was built to describe the PK of nirsevimab in preterm and term infants, and to evaluate the influence of covariates, including body weight and age, in infants. Nirsevimab PK was characterized by a 2‐compartment model with first‐order clearance (CL) and first‐order absorption following intramuscular (IM) administration. The typical CL in a 5 kg infant was 3.4 mL/day. Body weight and postmenstrual age were the primary covariates on CL, with minor effects for race, second RSV season, and antidrug antibody status (deemed not clinically relevant). Congenital heart disease (CHD) and chronic lung disease (CLD) did not significantly impact nirsevimab PK. The final population PK model, based on 8987 PK observations from 2683 participants across 5 clinical trials, successfully predicted PK in an additional cohort of 967 healthy infants. Weight‐banded dosing (50 mg in infants <5 kg; 100 mg in infants ≥5 kg) was predicted to be appropriate for infants ≥1 kg in their first RSV season. Together, these data support weight‐banded dosing of nirsevimab in all infants in their first RSV season, including in healthy infants, infants with CHD or CLD, and in infants born prematurely.
Development of heterogeneous enzymatic cascades with a case study for a separable and recyclable system using a combination of magnetic and nonmagnetic supports
Authors: Lau Elizabeth CHT , Cowan Rhona M , Dodds Kimberley C , McKenna Catherine , Ganin Alexey Y , Campopiano Dominic J , Yiu Humphrey HP
Published: January 2024

In recent years, energy and environmental issues have become more topical as the public have become more conscious about the fragility of the planet we live in. Biocatalysis can have a strong impact on these issues as most enzymes are operated at low energy and solvent‐free environments with often high conversion, activity and selectivity. Enzymatic cascades are multistep reactions that can produce more complex chemical products and mimic in vivo reactions in nature. Therefore, they can provide valuable solutions for many environmental problems. However, enzymes can be expensive, difficult to recycle and wasteful, as seen in other homogeneous systems. For heterogenized biocatalytic systems, enzyme immobilization has been considered to enhance reuse and recycling of enzymes but immobilized enzymes are still underdeveloped for use in cascade systems. Hence, there is an opportunity for advancement. The difficulties for implementing immobilized enzymes in cascades mainly concern enzyme compatibility, compartmentalization and optimization. In this perspective, we have highlighted key examples in using enzymatic cascades using immobilized enzymes, in particular those systems related to the energy and environment sectors. We also demonstrate use of a combination of a magnetic and a nonmagnetic support for enhancing enzyme reuse and recycling in a cascade system, and more importantly, separation of enzymes from each other postreaction. We can foresee that, with significant effort spent on the development, enzyme immobilization could play a significant role in cascades for the green synthesis of fine chemicals. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Characterizing Changes in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer During Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy
Authors: Musall Benjamin C. , Rauch David E. , Mohamed Rania M.M. , Panthi Bikash , Boge Medine , Candelaria Rosalind P. , Chen Huiqin , Guirguis Mary S. , Hunt Kelly K. , Huo Lei , Hwang Ken‐Pin , Korkut Anil , Litton Jennifer K. , Moseley Tanya W. , Pashapoor Sanaz , Patel Miral M. , Reed Brandy J. , Scoggins Marion E. , Son Jong Bum , Tripathy Debu , Valero Vicente , Wei Peng , White Jason B. , Whitman Gary J. , Xu Zhan , Yang Wei T. , Yam Clinton , Adrada Beatriz E. , Ma Jingfei
Published: January 2024

Background

Assessment of treatment response in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) may guide individualized care for improved patient outcomes. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures tissue anisotropy and could be useful for characterizing changes in the tumors and adjacent fibroglandular tissue (FGT) of TNBC patients undergoing neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NAST).

Purpose

To evaluate the potential of DTI parameters for prediction of treatment response in TNBC patients undergoing NAST.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Eighty‐six women (average age: 51 ± 11 years) with biopsy‐proven clinical stage I–III TNBC who underwent NAST followed by definitive surgery. 47% of patients (40/86) had pathologic complete response (pCR).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T/reduced field of view single‐shot echo‐planar DTI sequence.

Assessment

Three MRI scans were acquired longitudinally (pre‐treatment, after 2 cycles of NAST, and after 4 cycles of NAST). Eleven histogram features were extracted from DTI parameter maps of tumors, a peritumoral region (PTR), and FGT in the ipsilateral breast. DTI parameters included apparent diffusion coefficients and relative diffusion anisotropies. pCR status was determined at surgery.

Statistical Tests

Longitudinal changes of DTI features were tested for discrimination of pCR using Mann–Whitney U test and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

47% of patients (40/86) had pCR. DTI parameters assessed after 2 and 4 cycles of NAST were significantly different between pCR and non‐pCR patients when compared between tumors, PTRs, and FGTs. The median surface/average anisotropy of the PTR, measured after 2 and 4 cycles of NAST, increased in pCR patients and decreased in non‐pCR patients (AUC: 0.78; 0.027 ± 0.043 vs. −0.017 ± 0.042 mm2/s).

Data Conclusion

Quantitative DTI features from breast tumors and the peritumoral tissue may be useful for predicting the response to NAST in TNBC.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 4
Clinical evaluation of a novel protocol for supportive periodontal care: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Stähli Alexandra , Ferrari Jvana , Schatzmann Anna Sophia , Weigel Lucienne Dominique , Roccuzzo Andrea , Imber Jean‐Claude , Duong Ho‐Yan , Eick Sigrun , Lang Niklaus P. , Salvi Giovanni E. , Sculean Anton
Published: January 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and the patient perception of subgingival debridement with either guided biofilm management (GBM) or conventional scaling and root planing (SRP) during supportive periodontal care (SPC).

Methods

Forty‐one patients in SPC were randomly assigned to either treatment with GBM or SRP every 6 months. The primary outcome was the percentage of bleeding on probing (BoP) at 1 year. Moreover, pocket probing depths (PPD), recession, and furcation involvements were also measured. Full‐mouth and specific site analyzes were performed at baseline, 6 and 12 months of SPC. Patient comfort was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 12 months.

Results

At 1 year, mean BoP percentage decreased from 12.2% to 9.0% (p = 0.191) and from 14.7% to 7.9% (p = 0.004) for the GBM and SRP groups, respectively. Furcation involved multirooted teeth but no through‐and‐through lesions were significantly fewer in the GBM than in the SRP group after 12 months (p = 0.015). The remaining parameters showed slight improvement in both groups without any statistically significant differences between the two groups after 1 year. Pain evaluation as patient reported outcome measures (pain evaluation) was in favor (p = 0.347) of the SRP group, while overall satisfaction was similar for both groups. Treatment time was not statistically significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.188).

Conclusion

In well‐maintained SPC patients, SRP protocols resulted in significant clinical improvements in terms of BoP; however, for the other clinical improvements, similar efficacy for both GBM and SRP was observed.