bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELAKSANAAN PERATURAN BUPATI GIANYAR NOMOR 57 TAHUN 2018 TENTANG MANAJEMEN DAN REKAYASA LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN SERTA PERPARKIRAN DI KAWASAN PARIWISATA UBUD
Authors: Tanaya Putu Edgar , Sarif Asri
Published: February 2024

Along with the rapid development in the Ubud area, it must also be balanced with the developmentof accessibility that can support tourist comfort. Efforts made by the government such as providing centralparking and taking strict action against violators who still use the road as a parking lot in the Ubud tourismarea have also not been able to overcome this problem. The problems discussed in this study, namely: howis the gianyar district regulation number 57 of 2018 regarding management and engineering of traffic androad transportation and parking in the ubud tourism area and what are the inhibiting factors and effortsmade in the implementation of the gianyar district regulation number 57 of 2018 regarding managementand engineering of traffic and road transportation as well as parking in the tourism area of ubud. Theresearch used in this study is based on empirical juridical research which is also known as field research.The results of the research are that the implementation of the Gianyar Regional Regulation Number 57 of2018 has not gone well due to the many parking problems and the lack of parking facilities in the Ubudarea. Factors that influence the implementation of the Perbup are internal and external factors as well asthe efforts made by dividing the personnel of the Transportation Agency in Gianyar at several points in theUbud area. The suggestion submitted was the need for firmness from the Perbup implementing agency andvillage officials in the Ubud tourism area to help regulate parking.
HAMBATAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PENDAFTARAN HAK MILIK ATAS TANAH
Authors: Udytama I Wayan Wahyu Wira
Published: February 2024

In terms of needing land, from the legal provisions, not many people know how to obtain it andwhat is the evidence. If the land in question has the status of property rights, it will be easy to know thatthe land in question can be controlled and used indefinitely. But for someone who is going to buy land,knowledge of these things. The land mafia can be outside or inside. The type of research used is empiricallegal research. The nature of the research used is descriptive. The data collection techniques used are fieldstudy techniques and library study techniques. The data processing technique uses a qualitative descriptivetechnique. From the results of data collection and analysis, the conclusions are explained as follows:Obstacles in the implementation of registration of property rights to land at the Tabanan Regency LandOffice are caused by Government policy factors regarding tax obligations in land registration activities,Factors Lack of understanding the function and use of certificates, Assumption factors Communitiesneed expensive fees to carry out land registration, the assumption is that it takes a long time in obtainingcertificates, the assumption is that the basis for land rights owned is very strong, the publication system isnegative. Countermeasures such as: counseling/socialization on the benefits of Land Registration, carryingout the implementation of land registration with PRONA and PRODA in order to raise public awarenessand the weak economic group can obtain guarantees of legal certainty of land rights. Because it is theresponsibility of the Land Office
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP WEWENANG BUPATI/ WALIKOTA DALAM MELAKUKAN KLARIFIKASI PERATURAN DESA
Authors: Kartika Sari Ni Putu Riyani , Dianthi Ni Made Mutia Risna , Prayoga I Wayan Didik
Published: February 2024

Village regulations are defined as statutory regulations which regulated by the Village Headafter being discussed and agreed with the Village Consultative Body. It’s position in the systemof laws and regulations in Indonesia gains legitimacy in Article 8 of Law 12/2011. The authorityof the Regent/Mayor to clarify village regulations is part of the village guidance and supervisionauthority granted by the Village Law. Theoretically, this authority is a form of executive review inrealizing the synchronization of laws and regulation
URGENSI PENETAPAN DAN PENEGASAN BATAS DESA DALAM PERSPEKTIF OTONOMI DESA
Authors: Suardita I Ketut , S.Sos, SH.MH Adrie
Published: February 2024

Konflik terkait batas desa merupakan hal yang sering terjadi di beberapa desa,khususnya di Provinsi Bali. Permasalahan ini terkadang luput dari perhatian pemerintahsehingga berbagai perselisihan muncul antar kalangan masyarakat yang ada di perbatasan.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian hukum doctrinaldengan pendekatan perundang-undnagan, pendekatan fakta, dan pendekatan analisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu penetapan dan penegasan batas desa berdasarkanPermendagri No. 45 Tahun 2016 memiliki tujuan untuk menciptakan tertib administrasipemerintahan dan memberikan kejelasan serta kepastian hukum, memberikan keadilandan juga kemanfaatan terhadap batas wilayah suatu desa yang memenuhi aspek teknisdan yuridis. Terlebih lagi desa berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentangDesa semakin mempertegas otonomi desa yang memberikan kesempatan bagi desa untukmengatur wilayahnya sendiri.
Implémentation d’une bibliothèque numérique à la bibliothèque centrale de l’ISP Mbanza-Ngungu
Authors:   ISP/Mbanza-Ngungu – Kongo Central, NLANDU NGUNDA Jean , NSUMBU LUKAMBA Telesphore , NLANDU MAMPASI Yannick
Published: February 2024

L’objectif de cet article est d’implémenter une bibliothèque numérique afin de faciliter l’accès aux ressources de la bibliothèque centrale de l’ISP Mbanza-Ngungu à n’importe quel milieu et à tout moment. Grace à cette numérisation, les étudiants, enseignants et autres lecteurs peuvent s’abonner, consulter tout type d’ouvrage, accéder à son historique de consultation, faire la recherche documentaire de façon efficace à distance.
Prise en charge de la douleur animale : Études menées auprès des cliniciens vétérinaires de Kinshasa
Authors:   UPN/Kinshasa, MAYAMONA MBENZA , MAKASA MAMANU , KABILA MANDE , BILONDI KATU , MBALU UMBA di
Published: February 2024

Le présent travail a consisté à établir la prise en charge de la douleur animale chez les cliniciens vétérinaires de Kinshasa. Pour y parvenir, nous nous sommes servis des fiches d’enquête dans lesquelles nous avions relevé : les connaissances générales des interviewés sur la notion du bien-être animal ; la perception de la douleur animale par les Cliniciens Vétérinaires ; l’évaluation de la douleur animale ; ainsi que la prise en charge de la douleur animale. A l’issue de ces investigations, il s’est avéré que les Cliniciens Vétérinaires œuvrant en privé ont une moyenne d’âge de 15,66±11,05 (ans) contrairement aux cliniciens Publics qui présentent 12,5±2,12 (ans) ; 100% des Vétérinaires ont déjà entendu parlé du bien-être animal dont 35,7% au cours d’une conférence, 28,6% au cours d’un atelier et 35,7% au cours de leur formation vétérinaire. 92,9% ont affirmé que les animaux sont capables de ressentir la douleur. Il est également noté que 64,29% des sujets enquêtés diagnostiquent la douleur par la modification respiratoire et le dos voussé, La prise en charge de la douleur après l’avoir diagnostiquée est évoquée par 100% des cliniciens enquêtés ; 78,57% de Cliniciens Vétérinaires utilisent la perte de reflexe palpébral comme signe indiquant la phase anesthésique, 71,43% observent la perte de tonus musculaire et la respiration irrégulière et 57,14 observent la mydriase (dilatation de la pupille. Mots-Clés : Gestion, Douleur, Cliniciens Vétérinaires
Ausência de políticas laborais de proteção em face da automação: reflexões a partir da crise do capitalismo e da (in)efetivade do direito ao desenvolvimento em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Carvalho Marina Morais de , Araújo Jailton Macena de
Published: February 2024

No contexto de crise econômica do capitalismo, a possibilidade de substituição do trabalho vivo pelo trabalho morto é cada vez mais frequente e preocupante, especialmente em razão do acelerado avanço impulsionado pela crise sanitária da COVID-19, a despeito da trintenária previsão constitucional da proteção do trabalhador em face da automação. É sabido que a tecnologia tem ampla capacidade de modificar o mundo e a vida em sociedade, todavia é necessário que seus alcances sejam bem delimitados e regulados pelo Direito. É neste cenário de transformação tecnológica que se evidencia a inescusável ausência de políticas protetivas, dada a constata ausência de regulamentação da previsão constitucional de proteção em face da automação. Os efeitos causados pela exponencial evolução das tecnologias no cotidiano e nas relações da vida humana acabam por gerar riscos à empregabilidade, especialmente numa analise prospectiva, pós-pandêmica. Desta maneira, pretende-se tratar da forma como o Estado tem encarado a questão de proteção em face da automação e, consequentemente, a questão da substituição da mão de obra humana pelo maquinário digital, desde a promulgação da Constituinte de 1988. Nesta toada, levanta-se o seguinte questionamento: a crise do capitalismo financeiro, ao criar óbice para a efetivação de certos direitos sociais, tem dado ensejo a um retrocesso de direitos fundamentais, especialmente, em face do salto tecnológico que gera uma demanda maior pela automação do trabalho? Para tanto, pretende-se, a partir da análise metodológica dedutiva, partir da ideia de que o Estado tem se omitido e relegado o direito dos cidadãos em muitas esferas, especialmente no âmbito do direito do trabalho, em razão das frequentes inovações legislativas que se tem presenciado, bem como as inovações tecnológicas gerando a flexibilização dos direitos laborais.
Os impactos ambientais da pandemia de Covid-19 e seus reflexos na saúde e na economia
Authors: Leite Rita de Cássia Neves , Guenther Mariana
Published: February 2024

A pandemia de Covid-19 exigiu medidas sanitárias extremas para a contenção da transmissão do vírus, como o isolamento social ou lockdown, adotado em muitos países nos momentos de surto. Tais medidas restritivas modificaram totalmente a vida das pessoas em todo o planeta, afetando o meio ambiente e a economia global. Nesse trabalho, realizamos uma revisão sistemática da literatura com o objetivo de mapear os impactos ambientais e econômicos da pandemia. Nossos resultados mostram que o isolamento social teve um efeito positivo sobre o meio ambiente, principalmente no que se refere à melhoria da qualidade do ar com a redução das emissões de gases poluentes pelas indústrias e veículos. As mudanças ambientais observadas se refletiram na economia e na saúde da população, trazendo importantes reflexões sobre os efeitos das nossas atividades sobre o planeta e as estratégias possíveis de combate à degradação ambiental, mas preservando a economia visando o cumprimento dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) constantes da Agenda 2030.
Properties of the conjunction "though... although ..." and the structure he organizes in the structure of syntactic units of the modern Russian language
Authors: Li Lyanmei
Published: February 2024

The object of the article is the disjunctive conjunction “though... although...”, and the subject is the property “though... although...” in the system of syntactic units: phrases, simple and complex sentences. In addition, the textual features of this union are considered. Particular attention is paid to the qualification of the coordinating series with the conjunction “though... although...” in terms of its relevance/non-relatedness to the phrase. In a simple sentence, the place of a series with the conjunction “though... although...” in the system of minor parts of the sentence, as part of participial phrases, as well as when expressing additional predicate is explored. When turning to a complex sentence, the reasons for the limited functioning of “though... although...” in a given syntactic unit are clarified. In relation to the text, the textual possibilities of “though... although...” are considered as a secondary textual anchor. The research is based on the methodology of the Far Eastern syntactic school. It consists in a multidimensional description of a particular function word at the morphological-syntactic, actual syntactic and communicative-pragmatic levels. As a result, connections between the function word and both the near and far syntactic environment are established. The data obtained are used for its extended lexicographic portraiture. The main conclusions of the study are the following. A coordinating sequence with the conjunction “though... although” is not a phrase, and the word form with which it is connected by subordinating relations should be qualified as a general member of its syntactic structure. A row with the conjunction “though... although...” can occupy the positions of various members of a sentence, function as part of participial phrases, and also participate in the organization of additional predicativity. The connection of the coordinating series-subject with the common member-predicate can be coordinated or uncoordinated. The speaker's solution to the problem is to "agree on meaning." The facts of complex sentences with the conjunction “though... although” have not been recorded. In the case of parcellation, a series with the conjunction “though... although...” becomes the organizing center of a communicative-pragmatic situation, presented in the form of a complex syntactic whole. The author’s special contribution to the study of the topic is the establishment of a correlation between the syntactic properties of the construction with the conjunction “though... although...” and its categorical features. The novelty of the study lies in the inclusion of the conjunction “though... although...” into the system of a current modern trend - an integral description of linguistic units.
Human DCP1 is crucial for mRNA decapping and possesses paralog-specific gene regulating functions
Authors: Chen Ting-Wen , Liao Hsiao-Wei , Noble Michelle , Siao Jing-Yi , Cheng Yu-Hsuan , Chiang Wei-Chung , Lo Yi-Tzu , Chang Chung-Te
Published: February 2024

The mRNA 5'-cap structure removal by the decapping enzyme DCP2 is a critical step in gene regulation. While DCP2 is the catalytic subunit in the decapping complex, its activity is strongly enhanced by multiple factors, particularly DCP1, which is the major activator in yeast. However, the precise role of DCP1 in metazoans has yet to be fully elucidated. Moreover, in humans, the specific biological functions of the two DCP1 paralogs, DCP1a and DCP1b, remain largely unknown. To investigate the role of human DCP1, we generated cell lines that were deficient in DCP1a, DCP1b, or both to evaluate the importance of DCP1 in the decapping machinery. Our results highlight the importance of human DCP1 in decapping process and show that the EVH1 domain of DCP1 enhances the mRNA-binding affinity of DCP2. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses outline the distinct functions of DCP1a and DCP1b in human cells, regulating specific endogenous mRNA targets and biological processes. Overall, our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism of human DCP1 in mRNA decapping and shed light on the distinct functions of its paralogs.
Accidental Microcoil Migration into Right Atrium during Portal Vein Embolisation: A Case Report
Authors: Bakare Vishal Nandkishor , Arya Ravi , Sahu Ritesh Kumar
Published: February 2024

With the advancement of technology in the field of medicine, minimally invasive vascular procedures are widely utilised for therapeutic effects. Embolisation is a minimally invasive approach to occlude a vessel for therapeutic benefit. However, these procedures are associated with a small percentage of complications, one of which is the migration of the embolising agent. Migration refers to the movement of the embolisation agent (mostly a coil) from the original placement site to an unwanted location. A 59-year-old male presented with complaints of abdominal pain lasting 2-3 months. A Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) scan of the abdomen revealed an ill-defined infiltrative lesion arising from the neck and body of the gallbladder. Curative surgery was planned in the form of an extended right hepatectomy; however, the Future Liver Remnant (FLR) calculated was not optimal (19%). The patient was therefore referred for preoperative Portal Vein Embolisation (PVE). During the procedure, there was an accidental microcoil migration to the right heart post-PVE, which was managed by minimally invasive techniques. The importance of multimodality imaging techniques used to identify the location and multidisciplinary approaches to aid management has also been highlighted.
Ocular Diseases Presenting in Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study Conducted at a Tertiary Institute in Andhra Pradesh, Southern India
Authors: Parri Muralidhar
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which started in December 2019, has rapidly spread across the globe. Although the prevalence of COVID-19 disease has significantly decreased, there are cases of post-COVID-19 complications affecting multiple organ systems, including the eyes. Aim: To evaluate ocular diseases presenting in post-COVID-19 patients and their association with demographic profiles, duration of post-COVID-19, and the type of treatment received. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a four-month period (August 2021 to November 2021) in the Department of Ophthalmology at AIIMS, Mangalagiri, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study focused on post-COVID-19 patients who had been affected by COVID-19 no more than three months prior. Patients who were not post-COVID-19 and those who had contracted COVID19 during the first wave were excluded from the study. The patients’ clinical history and symptoms were documented. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and detailed anterior and posterior segment findings were recorded for all patients. The study aimed to assess post-COVID-19 ocular complications and any potential associations with hospital stays, steroid intake, or oxygen inhalation on eye diseases. Mean and median calculations were performed for continuous variables, and a Chisquare test was used to study associations. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 was employed, and a p-value <0.05 was deemed significant. Results: In the present study, males constituted 41 (62.1%) and females constituted 25 (37.9%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.64:1. The majority of patients 23 (34.8%) were above 50 years old. Most patients 24 (36.4%) developed eye diseases one month after their COVID-19 infection. Out of 66 patients, 11 (16.7%) were diabetic, 8 (12.1%) were hypertensive, and 40 (60.6%) had no associated co-morbidities. During their COVID-19 illness, 53 (80.3%) patients underwent home isolation and received supportive treatment, while 13 (19.7%) patients were hospitalised. The most common ocular disease observed was conjunctivitis 39 (59.1% of patients) following post-COVID-19. Additionally, 4 (6%) patients developed central serous chorioretinopathy, 4 (6%) developed refractive errors, 5 (7.6%) experienced persistent headaches, and 2 (3%) developed orbital mucormycosis. Conclusion: The present study presents ophthalmic manifestations in post-COVID-19 patients. Conjunctivitis was found to be the most common ocular disease, more prevalent one month after the COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 retinopathy was the most common posterior segment complication, especially in patients above 50 years old and three months post-COVID-19.
Business Plan and Its Implementation on Food and Beverage Business “Alibaba Frozen Food”
Authors: Ekardi Rhazes , Hartono Arif
Published: February 2024

This report is aiming to show how food and beverages business have an impact on society. Alibaba frozen food is a middle eastern food company based in Indonesia that was founded in 2021 with the intention of satisfying the demands of the public for quick, affordable, and practical meals.  In order to more effectively and efficiently attain a larger market share, it carries the online and offline notion of marketing strategy. By selecting uniqueness products and healthy cooking ingredients. Alibaba Frozen Food consistently seeks to adapt to the circumstances, such as the COVID-19 pandemic when Indonesia's economy was struggling. The issues that are typical for a new firm to encounter were discovered throughout the installation of this enterprise. It is a tactic used in marketing. Brand awareness is a fundamental part of marketing, impacting customer decision-making, market performance, and brand equity. It shows how comfortable the target market is with a business, its goods, or services. This business may be utilised to identify issues as well as come up with several solutions to issues that arise in a company.
To Study the Effect of Foliar Spray of Zinc Sulphate and Brassinosteroids on Physiological and Quality Parameters of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Ravindra Naik Reema , Singh Kuldeep , Pongener Medempok , Mishra Saket , Ekka Shashi Kant , Kujur Reena , Lakra Johnson
Published: February 2024

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is an economically significant fruit crop with diverse applications in the food industry. The foliar application of Zinc Sulphate and Brassinosteroids has a significant impact on the overall growth of guava plants, as it greatly affect the plant productive efficiency by changing various parameters of horticultural features such as fruiting potential, and quality of fruit.  Major role of zinc sulphate is proper nitrogen metabolism, helps in cell division, and hormonal regulation for maintain proper quality of fruit with increased number of fruit set and reduced fruit drop. Brassinosteroids play a vital role in making plant tolerant against biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, the combined treatment exhibited a positive influence on fruit yield, with an observable increase in the number and size of harvested fruits. Quality parameters, including fruit size, weight, and nutritional content, were also assessed. The foliar spray with Zinc Sulphate and Brassinosteroids contributed to improved fruit quality, as evidenced by enhanced sugar content, vitamin levels, and overall taste.
Allelopathic Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Wild Sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) for Controling Weeds and Enhancing Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)
Authors: Anula S. , Geretharan T. , Srikrishnah S.
Published: February 2024

Cowpea is an important grain legume in Sri Lanka. Approximately 53–60% of yield losses in cowpea cultivation are attributed to weeds. Chemical weed control (herbicide), is one of the method in weed control in cowpea. Import of herbicide have been prohibited recently since of government policy and the nation's economic problems. As a result, it's critical to identify other suitable alternatives. In this context, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of aqueous extract of wild sunflower and sorghum on weed control, growth and yield of cowpea. The experiment  consisting of five weed control treatments viz T1 (aqueous extract of wild sunflower; 12 L ha-1 ,T2 (aqueous extract of sorghum; 12 L ha-1), T3 (combined application of both wild sunflower and sorghum aqueous extract in a 1:1 ratio; 6+6 L ha-1), T4 (hand weeding), and T5 (unweeded check-control) was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replication in the crop farm of Eastern University, Sri Lanka.. The experiment was conducted from September to November 2022. Hand weeding was done on 21 and 42 DAS while application of aqueous extracts were done on 2, 21, and 35 DAS. Minitab 17 software was used for the statistical analysis, and Tukey's test was used to compare the treatment means. The results revealed that the different weed control treatments had a substantial (P<0.05) impact on weed population & dry weight, growth and yield of cowpea. When compared to the control, hand weeding was found to be most effective to control weeds followed by combined application of aqueous extracts from wild sunflower and sorghum Hand weeding and the combined application of aqueous extracts significantly reduced the number of weeds by 82.98 and 54.39%, respectively. Further, the hand weeding and combined application of extract significantly enhanced yield by 45.09% and 62.85% respectively in comparison to the control (unweeded check). According to the study's findings, it can be concluded that under the condition of Sri Lanka, combined application of aqueous extracts was proved to be more remunerative and sustainable alternate option for weed control in cowpea crop.
Gender, Age, and Work Experience as Predictors of Teachers’ Organizational Commitment
Authors: Bantilan Jecyl C. , Hatagi Mary Cris A. , Sombilon Ellen Joy J.
Published: February 2024

Teachers' organizational commitment contributes to the success of educational aspirations. In determining teachers’ commitment, it is important to consider demographic variables that might influence it. Hence, this study aimed to examine the impact of gender, age, and work experience on the organizational commitment of teachers. Using the Raosoft calculator, the researchers selected 150 public secondary teachers as respondents to rate the adopted questionnaire with demographic data. Employing a quantitative non-experimental research design with multiple regression analysis, the researchers described the relationship of the variables. Findings revealed a high level of teachers’ organizational commitment, with affective commitment as the highest. In terms of significant relationships, teachers’ organizational commitment and gender were found to be weak positive and statistically insignificant. On the other hand, teacher’s organizational commitment and age were found to have a weak negative and statistically significant relationship. Moreover, teachers’ organizational commitment and work experience were found to be weak positive and statistically significant. Further, the results of regression showed that gender, age and work experience are responsible for a 10.2% variation in teachers' organizational commitment. This means that there were still 89.8% of the variations that occurred in teachers' organizational commitment that could be explained by other factors not covered in this study. Generally, the predictors in the model are age and work experience, while gender does not have the ability to predict a teacher's organizational commitment. With these findings, teachers are encouraged to increase or sustain their commitment and avoid gender stereotypes. Future researchers might also study the other 89.8% variations that might influence teachers’ organizational commitment by focusing on other factors such as promotion, salary, benefits, designations, and the like.
Investigating Mathematics Homework Practices of Higher Secondary Teachers in Bhutan
Authors: Pem Daw
Published: February 2024

Homework is one of the important practices in the Bhutanese school system yet it is the least explored area; thus, this study employed the convergent parallel mixed method design to investigate the homework practices of teachers in higher secondary schools of Bhutan. The quantitative component incorporated the survey questionnaire for 244 mathematics teachers from 83 higher secondary schools and 320 students from one higher secondary school in Bhutan. Qualitative data included interviews with 12 mathematics teachers from seven higher secondary schools and five focused group interviews from one higher secondary school. Teachers' primary purpose in assigning mathematics homework was to reinforce what was learned in the class through practice and revision. Thus, HW for exploration is rarely assigned. The study found that 62.3% of mathematics teachers assigned homework every day or at least four times a week, and there is no statistically significant difference in frequency of homework between Urban, Semi-urban and Rural schools of Bhutan. There is a significant positive correlation between homework purpose and homework management and the homework purpose variable explains the homework management variable by 19.1% only as there are several challenges such as large class size and time constraints that hinders the effectiveness of homework. The study found that homework overload is an issue faced by students, and effective management of HW is challenging, therefore school management and mathematics teachers may consider having a homework policy that will ensure assigning the right amount of homework and homework frequency, which will ultimately benefit students academically.
Effect of Weather Factors on Severity of Early Blight Incited by Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) Jones and Grout in Potato
Authors: Patel J. V. , Gohel N. M. , Prajapati Dhara , Parmar Darshan M.
Published: February 2024

A study was conducted to find out the influence of weather factors, temperature, relative humidity, bright sunshine hour, rainfall, evaporation and wind speed and spore load on the incidence of Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) Jones and Grout induced early blight of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) during 2019 to 2022. Eight weather factors taken from the agrometeorological observatory located at Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India, and were subjected to correlation analysis. The relationship between early blight and concerned weather parameters during Rabi 2020-21 revealed a highly significant positive correlation with evaporation (0.87) and maximum temperature (0.84) at the 0.01 level. PDI was significantly positively correlated with spore load (0.71) and bright sunshine hour (0.64) at the 0.05 level. Whereas Per cent Disease Intensity was negatively correlated with evening humidity (-0.78) at a 0.01 level. During the year Rabi (winter) 2021-22, a substantial negative correlation with evening humidity at the 0.05 level. PDI was positively correlated with spore load (0.79), bright sunshine (0.73) and evaporation (0.68).
Effect of Organic Sources on Soil and Leaf Nutrient Status of Sapota [Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg] cv. Kalipatti
Authors: Chaudhary H. L. , Shah N. I. , Rathod Khushbu D.
Published: February 2024

The soil and leaf nutrients play a key role in the flowering and fruiting parameters of a plant thus contributing to yield. Thus, a study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of organic sources on the soil and leaf nutrient status of sapota [Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg] cv.  Kalipatti during the years 2019-20 and 2020-21. The organic sources include the combination of green manure, vermicompost, Anubhav Bio NPK consortium and microbial consortium with inorganic fertilizers as a control. It has been found that available Nitrogen content (272 kg/ha) and Potassium content (298 kg/ha) in the soil, as well as Nitrogen (2.353 %) and Potassium (1.805 %) content in leaf, were recorded maximum with the application of 50% RDN from vermicompost + 50% RDN from green manure of sun hemp + microbial consortium (AMBC I) 100 ml per tree (T8) in both the years of pooled analysis data. Whereas, treatment i.e % RDN from vermicompost + 50% RDN from green manure of cowpea + microbial consortium (AMBC I) 105 ml per tree (T9) was found to be maximum for the available phosphorus content (61.73 kg/ha) in soil and phosphorus (0.191 %) the content in leaf in both the years in pooled analysis data.
Absolute Configuration Determination of Sugar: A Review of the Different Methods
Authors: Filho João Rufino de Freitas , Freitas Jucleiton José Rufino de , Freitas Juliano Carlo Rufino de , Belian Mônica Freire , Camara Claudio Augusto Gomes da , Neto Pedro Ramos de Souza , Silva Alécia Regina Andresa , Filho Alex Sandro Nascimento da Silva , Almeida Alice Mariana Souza de , Silva Jonatas Tavares da , Silva Mirian Luzinete da , Silva Anne Gabrielle Marques  da , Moraes Marcilio Martins de , Ramos Clécio Souza , Oliveira Ronaldo Nascimento de
Published: February 2024

Determination of the stereochemistry of the stereocenter from the aglyconic part of carbohydrates is always one of the most important tasks for chemistry carbohydrates researchers. The absolute configuration (AC), a challenge for synthetic chemists, has attracted much attention. During the past few decades, many techniques and approaches have been developed to determine the AC of carbohydrates, including methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electronic and vibrational circular dichroism (ECD and VCD), Raman optical activity (ROA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) utilizing anisotropic effects of chiral derivatizing agents, and quantum chemical calculations. On the other hand, none of the currently applied techniques can dominate AC determination, since they each have their respective limitations corresponding to the different structural features. This review summarizes most of the techniques and methods commonly used in AC assignment of carbohydrates (but specifically glycosides), in the last decades (2000-2023).

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Effect of Different Culture Media on Growth and Establishment of Phomopsis vexans Inciting Fruit Rot of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Singh Pankaj , Singh Ramesh , Khilari Kamal , Mishra Prashant , Singh Hem
Published: February 2024

The fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans (Sacc. & Syd.) Harter is a destructive disease of brinjal and is considered to be a major constraint for its production. The present study was carried out at the Centre of Excellence for Sanitary and Phytosanitary, Department of Plant Pathology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, for the evaluation of different culture media on growth and development of Phomopsis vexans. The study showed the maximum radial growth on OMA (90.00 mm), followed by PDA (88.20 mm) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (80.16 mm). The pycnidial densities were recorded as excellent on OMA and TFA, good on PDA, SDA, BFA, and MEA, and poor on YMA and CMA media with brown to black colour, while on RSA and WA they were absent. The colony colour were observed on several cultural media with circular and irregular shapes. The maximum pycnidial size was recorded on TFA (454.35×316.18 µm), followed by SDA (415.60× 296.26 µm) and BFA (324.72×368.84 µm), whereas the minimum was recorded on CMA (289.48×128.52 µm), followed by MEA (308.66×140.25 µm). The α-conidia were noticed to be sub-cylindrical and elliptical in shape and largest conidia observed on TMA (10.6×2.6µm), followed by BFA (9.8×2.6µm), and the smallest on RSA (6.1×1.6µm). The number of conidia was recorded highest on OMA (29.) medium and lowest on RSA (12.63). The β-conidia were not observed in this study. The number of guttullae were recorded 1-2 in all tested culture media except TFA and SDA, which had 2-3.
Intellectual Capital, Foreign and Female Executives in the Profitability of Indonesia’s Banks
Authors: Hatane Saarce Elsye , Wibowo Felicia Prayogo , Kwistianus Hendri
Published: February 2024

In order to produce profits for Indonesian banking firms, this study is to investigate the qualities of the board of directors as leaders in business management and their capacity to handle intellectual capital. The observation period was in 2016-2020. The observed characteristic of the board of directors is the role of foreign directors and female directors. The results of the study show that foreign directors reduce Return on Assets. It seems that the domestic boards of banking companies in Indonesia have a better understanding and control of market conditions in Indonesia so that they are able to increase bank profitability. Similarly, female directors who excel at managing asset banks in Indonesia. Managerial banks in Indonesia, on the other hand, are able to manage their intellectual capital to maximize profits, both through asset and equity management. This study contributes to the validation of the upper-echelon theory, which demonstrates the function of top management teams in firm management.
Ganglioglioma in a Sotos syndrome patient with an NSD1 deletion
Authors: Deardorff Matthew A. , Maisenbacher Melissa , Zackai Elaine H.
Published: September 2004

Sotos syndrome, a disorder with macrocephaly, mental delay, and facial anomalies, has been noted to have an increased risk of neoplasia. Here, we report a patient with a microdeletion in nuclear receptor SET‐domain‐containing protein (NSD1) and a previously undescribed intracranial ganglioglioma. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intravenous pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability and dose proportionality of ragaglitazar, a novel PPAR‐dual activator in rats
Authors: Jagannath Kota , Chaluvadi Madhusudana Rao , Mullangi Ramesh , Mamidi N.V.S. Rao , Srinivas Nuggehally R.
Published: September 2004

Pharmacokinetics of ragaglitazar (a novel phenoxazine derivative of aryl propanoic acid), a potent insulin sensitizing and lipid‐lowering compound was studied in Wistar rats. A single dose of 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg of ragaglitazar was given orally to male rats (n=4 per dose level) to evaluate dose proportionality. In another study, a single intravenous bolus dose of ragaglitazar was given to rats (n=4) at 3 mg/kg dose following administration through the lateral tail vein in order to obtain the absolute oral bioavailability and clearance parameters. Blood samples were drawn at predetermined intervals and the concentration of ragaglitazar in plasma was determined by a validated HPLC method. Plasma concentration versus time data were generated following oral and intravenous dosing and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using non‐compartmental analysis. The results revealed that Cmax and AUC0−∞ increased more than proportionally to the administered oral doses. As dose increased in the ratio of 1:3:10, the mean Cmax and AUC0−∞ increased in the ratio of 1:3.2:13 and 1:3.2:16, respectively. After intravenous administration the systemic clearance and volume of distribution of ragaglitazar in rats were 139±30 ml/h/kg and 463±51 ml/kg, respectively (mean±SD). Plasma concentrations declined mono‐exponentially following intravenous administration and elimination half‐life (t1/2) was about 2.6 h and not significantly different (p>0.05) from the value from oral administration. Mean residence time (MRT) values for ragaglitazar were found to be 4.15±0.52 h (3.5 to 4.6 h). Absolute oral bioavailability of ragaglitazar across the doses tested was in the range of 68%–93%. In conclusion, ragaglitazar exhibits promising pharmacokinetic properties in rats. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Organosilyl Derivatives of the Dawson Polyoxometalate [α2‐P2W17O61(RSi)2O]6−: Synthesis and Mass Spectrometric Investigation
Authors: Mayer Cédric R , Roch‐Marchal Catherine , Lavanant Hélène , Thouvenot René , Sellier Nicole , Blais Jean‐Claude , Sécheresse Francis
Published: September 2004

In the field of functionalized polyoxometalates, organosilyl derivatives of polyoxotungstate constitute a special class of hybrid organic–inorganic system. The first organosilyl derivative of the monovacant Dawson heteropolyoxotungstate [α2‐P2W17O61]10− was obtained by three different methods. The use of two organosilanes as reagents enabled the preparation of the functionalized polyoxometalate [α2‐P2W17O61(RSi)2O]6− in good yield. Electrospray (ESI‐MS) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry, and 183W, 31P, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the composite systems. In several cases, ESI‐MS analyses generated reduction processes which were compared to those related to [PMo11VO40]4−, the highly reducible Keggin polyoxometalate.
Chiral derivatives of 2‐(1‐naphthyl)‐2‐phenylacetic acid
Authors: Vávra Jan , Vodička Petr , Streinz Ludvík , Buděšínský Miloš , Koutek Bohumír , Ondráček Jan , Císařová Ivana
Published: September 2004

The spectral properties of diastereomeric esters and amides (1b–20b), derived from optically pure 2‐(1‐naphthyl)‐2‐phenylacetic acids (1‐NPA), were systematically investigated. It was found that all compounds prepared exhibit the NMR spectral nonequivalence (Δδ) with regular sign distribution of particular groups according to the predicted model. Further, the analysis of data revealed that the phenyl ring is responsible for a shielding effect (upfield shift) instead of a naphthyl one. This conclusion is supported by the crystallographic analysis showing the almost ap‐arrangement of the acid methine hydrogen atom and carbonyl group. In this arrangement, the phenyl ring faces toward the ester part of the molecule while the naphthyl one is orthogonal to the phenyl plane. Therefore, the mutual position of phenyl and alkyl groups with respect to the central molecule co‐planarity thus determines the chemical shifts of the alcohol/amine substituents. The relative magnitude of the Δδ corresponds to those of Mosher's derivatives. Chirality 16:652–660, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral effect on a self‐assembling bicopper complex
Authors: Liu Weihong , Guenet Jean‐Michel , Green Mark M.
Published: September 2004

A bicopper complex was prepared with chiral ligands. The self‐assembly of the complex in trans‐decalin differed greatly for the racemic and nonracemic ligands. With the latter the resulting gel formed at a lower concentration and exhibited a higher thermal transition temperature. A large optical activity was found in the nonracemic bicopper complex, which was used to probe the process of filament formation, i.e., the aggregation‐dissociation process. The material with nonracemic ligands may form a longer nanoscopic filament. Chirality 16:661–664, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma is associated with poor long‐term survival after surgical resection
Authors: Ghosh Sudip , Ahmed Kamran , Hopkinson David N. , Vaughan Roger
Published: September 2004

BACKGROUND

The significance of allogeneic blood transfusion in the prognosis of patients with nonsmall lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains controversial. Reports have suggested that patients with adenocarcinoma have a worse prognosis from cancer than patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but this evidence is lacking in NSCLC. The objective of the current study was to elucidate the correlation between perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion and the prognosis in patients with adenocarcinoma and SCC.

METHODS

The study group comprised 329 consecutive patients (172 men and 157 women) with a mean age of 67 years who underwent lung resection between 1996 and 2003 in 1 unit. The clinicopathologic and survival data were compared between 62 patients (42.7%) with adenocarcinoma and 58 patients (48.3%) with SCC who received a perioperative blood transfusion and 83 patients (57.3 %) with adenocarcinoma and 126 patients (61.3%) with SCC who did not.

RESULTS

The overall surgical mortality rate was 3.9% (13 deaths). The median surgical blood loss was 380 mL (range, 125–4500 mL). The mean blood transfusion received was 1.9 U (range, 0–8 U). The overall actuarial 1, 3, and 5‐year survival rates in the adenocarcinoma and SCC groups were 82.3%, 49.6%, and 19.4% and 87.9%, 71.7%, and 32.7%, respectively (P = 0.021). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the factors that appeared to be independent prognostic factors in both groups were T‐classification (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), and postoperative complications (P = 0.029). Perioperative blood transfusion was not an independent prognostic indicator in either group.

CONCLUSIONS

The current study demonstrated that long‐term survival in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung was significantly worse compared with patients with SCC, but was independent of allogeneic perioperative blood transfusion. The results reaffirmed the importance of tumor invasion and lymph node involvement in the overall poor prognosis of these patients. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Histone H2AX phosphorylation induced by selective photolysis of BrdU‐labeled DNA with UV light: Relation to cell cycle phase
Authors: Huang Xuan , A. King Malcolm , Halicka H. Dorota , Traganos Frank , Okafuji Masaki , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew
Published: September 2004

Background

The induction of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) in chromatin triggers histone H2AX phosphorylation (on Ser‐139) by ATM‐, ATR‐, or DNA‐dependent protein kinases (DNA‐PK). Phosphorylated H2AX, denoted as γH2AX, can be detected immunocytochemically using an antibody that is specific to the Ser‐139–phosphorylated epitope. We previously reported that the induction DSBs by DNA topoisomerase I or II inhibitors can be monitored in individual cells by measuring γH2AX immunofluorescence (IF) by cytometry. The present study explored whether the detection of γH2AX IF can serve as a marker of the presence of the DNA precursor bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) that is incorporated into DNA.

Methods

HeLa cells growing on microscope slides were incubated with BrdU for 1 h, rinsed free of the precursor, and incubated for different periods for up to 12 h. The cells were then briefly incubated with Hoechst 33342 (to sensitize BrdU‐labeled DNA to ultraviolet [UV] light), irradiated with 300 nm UV light to photolyze BrdU‐labeled DNA, transferred back into culture for an additional hour, and fixed. Cells were concurrently immunostained for γH2AX (Alexa Fluor 633) and cyclin A (fluorescein isothiocyanate); their DNA was counterstained with 4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole. The intensities of cellular far red (γH2AX), green (cyclin A), and blue (DNA) fluorescences were measured by laser scanning cytometry.

Results

After a 1‐h pulse of BrdU followed by exposure to UV, nearly all cells with S‐phase DNA content had many‐fold higher γH2AX IF than G1 or G2/M cells. The nonirradiated cells had minimal (“programmed”) expression of γH2AX, whereas the irradiated cells incubated without BrdU had uniformly elevated levels of γH2AX IF independent of the cell cycle phase. Pulse‐chase experiments showed that the cohort of BrdU‐labeled (γH2AX‐positive) cells progressed through G2/M and into G1 phase after 8 and 12 h of growth in BrdU‐free medium, respectively. Bivariate analysis of γH2AX versus cyclin A expression for the gated S‐phase cells showed a correlation between these variables, suggesting that the rate of BrdU incorporation (DNA replication) correlates with expression of cyclin A.

Conclusions

Photolysis of BrdU‐labeled DNA induces DSBs and leads to H2AX phosphorylation. Detection of γH2AX IF indicates the presence of the incorporated BrdU, is compatible with concurrent detection of other intracellular antigens, and can be used to demonstrate cell cycle kinetics. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of Chiral cis‐ and trans‐2‐Stannyloxazolidines by Their NMR Spectra and Solid‐State Structures
Authors: Cintrat Jean‐Christophe , Léat‐Crest Véronique , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Grognec Erwan Le , Beaudet Isabelle , Toupet Loïc , Quintard Jean‐Paul
Published: September 2004

The assignment of cis and trans configurations in N‐protected 4‐substituted 2‐tributylstannyl‐1,3‐oxazolidines by NMR has been achieved through the use of extrapolations of Karplus−Kitching‐type relationships for 3J(119Sn−C−Z−13C) to establish the shape of the oxazolidine ring. Examination of 3J(H,H) allowed the determination of torsion angles for the substituents on C4 and C5, discrimination being completed by comparison of the H2 chemical shifts, together with the 2J(Sn−C−H2) values. The validity of the method was subsequently corroborated by comparison of the results obtained for the liquid phase with those obtained from radiocrystallographic structures of triphenylstannyl analogues or DFT calculations on trimethylstannyl analogues. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)