bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern Geosteering Technologies as the Enhanced Efficiency Method of Reserve Development in Marginal Zones—Bottom Waterdrive Reservoir of Vikulov Suite at Kamenny License Area, Krasnoleninskoye: Field Case Study
Authors: Melnikov L. P. , Zharkov A. V. , Akhmadishin A. T. , Islamgaliev R. F. , Kiselev V. Y. , Kirpischikov Y. V. , Bikchandaev E. Z. , Zaboev K. O. , Doronin R. A.
Published: October 2015

Hydrocarbon deposits of the Vikulov suite are currently the primary development targets for OAO "Rosneft-Nyaganneftegaz." More than 90% of the base production from the Em-Yogovskiy and Kamenny license areas consists of these horizon reserves. This became possible by drilling out conventional traps, dome, and incised river valley areas with lower oil water contact (OWC) than in other areas.

In spite of this, less than a half of the oil in place reserves of this horizon appear to be involved in production, though much of these reserves are marginal zones.

The primary problems developing such reserves are relatively small net oil thickness (net pay thickness), the presence of mobile water, high OWC, and the absence of a reliable seal between oil-saturated (VK1) and water saturated horizons (VK2 and VK3). All of these factors contribute to the reduced efficiency of the primary method for production stimulation in this horizon—hydrofracturing.

One solution to help address the current situation is drilling of horizontal wells in oil-saturated upper layers.

When developing these reserves, it is particularly important to create an accurate and detailed geological model of the deposit to help identify high-risk zones with potential minor faults. When drilling in a formation of true thickness less than 2 m, it is necessary to know the exact location of the borehole in relation to the structure to help prevent, if possible, drilling out of the reservoir.
Fines-Migration-Assisted Low-Salinity Waterflooding: Field Case Analysis
Authors: Bedrikovetsky Pavel , Zeinijahromi Abbas , Badalyan Alexander , Ahmetgareev Vadim , Khisamov Rais
Published: October 2015

Low salinity waterflooding is presently one of the most promising EOR methods. Wettability alteration and residual oil decrease are the most important EOR mechanisms of low salinity waterflooding. However, the mobility control EOR due to fines migration, induced by low salinity water, and the consequent flux diversion is also an important feature of the smart waterflooding. We analyze the limited available field data from 10 years of low salinity water injection in Bastrykskoye field (Russia) and 24 years of production from Zichebashskoe field (Russia) which includes 7 years of low salinity water injection. The mathematical model for fines-assisted waterflooding is used for history matching resulting in good agreement between the field and modelling data. The model is used to compare recovery factor for two scenarios of low salinity water injection and formation (normal) water injection. Low incremental recovery and low decrease in the amount of produced water during the development of both fields is explained by the production of significant amount of the reservoir water before the commencement of low salinity water injection and also the injectors placing.
Automation of the Flooding Optimization Process and Selection of Prospective Sites/Wells for Workover
Authors: Syrtlanov V. , Mezhnova N. , Kovaleva E. , Golovatskiy Y. , Petrashov O. , Zhirov A. , Kurelenkova Y.
Published: October 2015

The paper considers workover selection problems and flooding optimization in the mature fields.

The paper discusses the approaches for automation of selection of blocks / wells with good potential for workover activities (sidetracking, hydraulic fracturing, perforation to other layers) and flooding optimization activities based on 3D simulation modelling.

The process of prospective sites selection includes reservoir characterization and reserves estimation based on both modelling and engineering techniques.

The approach presented in this paper includes preliminary calculation of performance of wells workover activities followed by automated preparation of workover parameters for the further detailed calculation based on reservoir simulation.

Example provided in this paper demonstrates the implementation of the discussed approach to the one of Russian oilfields.
4D Seismic for the Filanovsky Field Reservoir Monitoring - Interdisciplinary Earth Models Integration Technique
Authors: Aristarkhov Anton
Published: October 2015

4D seismic monitoring appears to be quite an expensive and pinpoint tool to increase the efficiency of oil and gas fields' exploitation. To reach the desired profit results, it is necessary to select candidate-fields very accurately and provide individual monitoring parameters on every stage. In this work, the opportunity of a 4D marine seismic survey on the Filanovsky field, which is prepared for development, is being examined. The questions of technique's efficiency in these particular geological and geographical conditions are discussed. To conduct a feasibility study, 4D seismic modelling of possible reservoir development effects was performed and the most suitable design of marine 4D seismic survey was proposed considering international experience of such projects.

A full package of interdisciplinary information was utilized as initial data: 3D seismic interpretation results, AVA seismic inversion results, well log data interpretation, core data laboratory testing results, results of reservoir simulation and geomechanical modeling. 4D modeling was performed by calculating 3D elastic parameter models for various periods of field development according to flow simulation and geomechanical modeling results. Then these petro-elastic models were used to generate synthetic seismic volumes. The possibility of 4D seismic effects appearance was proved based on the modeling outcome.

After analyzing the latest field survey techniques of 4D seismic monitoring, the most effective scenario of their realization on the Filanovsky field was suggested taking into account all the specific aspects of geology and the local area. The 4D marine survey was completely designed according to all efficient parameters calculation.
Field Tests of a New Generation of Flow Control Unit Able to Prevent the Gas Breakthrough in Oil Wells
Authors: Delia S. V. , Chertenkov M. V. , Zhakovschikov A. V. , Matsashik V. V. , Zhuravlev O. N. , Shchelushkin R. V.
Published: October 2015

This article reports the results of field testing of new generation flow control system (ICD) carried out in wells No. 128 of the Kotovskoe Field and No. 11 of the Yu. Korchagin Field by OOO LUKOIL-Nizhnevolzhskneft. The new well completion system reported herein has been developed and is manufactured in Russia. Its distinctive feature is the possibility of adaptation to production conditions and producing additional impedance for the passing gaseous phase regardless of pressure drop for the liquid phase. The new ICD significantly reduces the gas factor and prevents free gas breakthrough in the oil well.

This article also reports the results of bench testing carried out at the flow control system development stage. Further the equipment was installed into the wells as a recompletion system. We present results of daily average gas and oil rate measurements before and after the installation of the flow control equipment. The tests were run in different well operation modes.
Acrylamide‐Forming Potential and Agronomic Properties of Elite US Potato Germplasm from the National Fry Processing Trial
Authors: Wang Yi , Bethke Paul C. , Bussan Alvin J. , Glynn Martin T. , Holm David G. , Navarro Felix M. , Novy Richard G. , Palta Jiwan P. , Pavek Mark J. , Porter Gregory A. , Sathuvalli Vidyasagar R. , Thompson Asunta L. , Voglewede Paul J. , Whitworth Jonathan L. , Parish David I. , Endelman Jeffrey B.
Published: October 2015

Processed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) products, such as chips and French fries, contribute to the dietary intake of acrylamide, a suspected human carcinogen. One of the most promising approaches for reducing its consumption is to develop and commercialize new potato varieties with low acrylamide‐forming potential. To facilitate this effort, a National Fry Processing Trial (NFPT) was conducted from 2011 to 2013 in five states. More than 140 advanced breeding lines were evaluated for tuber agronomic traits and biochemical properties from harvest through 8 mo of storage. Thirty‐eight and 29 entries had significantly less acrylamide in French fries than standard varieties Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, with reductions in excess of 50%, after one and 8 mo of storage, respectively. As in previous studies, the glucose content of raw tubers was predictive of acrylamide in finished French fries (R2 = 0.64–0.77). Despite its role in acrylamide formation, tuber free asparagine was not significant, potentially because it showed relatively little variation in the NFPT population. Even when glucose was included in the model as a covariate, genotype was highly significant (p = 0.001) for predicting acrylamide, indicating there may be yet‐unidentified genetic loci to target in breeding. The NFPT has demonstrated that there exist many elite US breeding lines with low acrylamide‐forming potential. Our ongoing challenge is to combine this trait with complex quality attributes required by the fry processing industry.
Do the Compensatory Effects of Outcome and Procedure on Policy Acceptance Depend on Trust in Authority?
Authors: Wu Xuan-Na , Wu Xue
Published: October 2015

Previous researchers have shown that procedural justice and outcome favorability interact to influence people's beliefs and behaviors. When an outcome is unfavorable, people tend to respond more positively to policies with fair procedures. We conducted 2 studies to explore the influence
of trust in authority on process-by-outcome interaction in public administration in China. In each study, there was a different public policy setting, and different designs and participants (i.e., a scenario tested with Chinese university students in Study 1 and a survey conducted with residents
of a city in China in Study 2). The convergent results showed that the interaction between procedural justice and outcome favorability was moderated by trust in authority. When the level of trust was high, the interaction effect was significant, and a fair procedure attenuated the negative
effect of an unfavorable outcome. However, when there was little trust, the interaction was absent. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Study of indole butyric acid (IBA) effects on cutting rooting improving some of wild genotypes of damask roses (Rosa damascena Mill.)
Authors: Nasri Fardin , Fadakar Arsalan , Saba Mahmood , Yousefi Bayzid
Published: October 2015

Rosa damascena is very important for essential oil production, medicinal
properties and it is also widely cultivated as a garden rose. The Rose
species is mainly propagated by stem cutting. In the present study, the
effect of different levels of 0, 500 and 1,000 mg l-1 (quick dip method for
20 s) of indole butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of 12 wild genotypes
(including: Kurdistan 1 to Kurdistan 12) of R. damascena was investigated.
The results show that the rooting ability of R. damascena differs
significantly between the twelve genotypes. The highest rooting (79.56%) and
callus production (69.08%), number of roots (8.33), root fresh and dry
weights (361.80 and 244.74 mg, respectively) were recorded in Kurdistan 5
genotype with 1,000 mg l-1 IBA. The maximum root length (5.84 cm) was
observed in Kurdistan 5 genotype with 500 mg l-1 IBA that showed a
significant difference compared to the control treatment (0.96 cm). The
highest number of leaves per bud (7.33 at 500 mg l-1 IBA) and number of buds
(5.00 at 1,000 mg l-1 IBA) were recorded in Kurdistan 1 genotype. The current
study demonstrated that the different genotypes of R. damascena were in a
difficult-toroot state, which suggests that cutting treatment with 1,000 mg
l-1 IBA overcame the problem of the difficult-to-root state, and it can also
enhance the rooting percentage in the studied genotypes.
Prevalence and Timing of Screening and Diagnostic Testing for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Study in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Donovan Lois E. , Savu Anamaria , Edwards Alun L. , Johnson Jeffrey A. , Kaul Padma
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE

The extent to which pregnant women are screened for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at the population level is not known. We examined the rate, type, and timing of GDM screening and diagnostic testing in the province of Alberta, Canada. Geographic and temporal differences in screening rates, and maternal risk factors associated with lower likelihood of screening, were also determined.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Our retrospective linked-database cohort study included 86,842 primiparous women with deliveries between 1 October 2008 and 31 December 2012. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine maternal factors associated with lower likelihood of GDM screening.

RESULTS

Overall, 94% (n = 81,304) of women underwent some form of glycemic assessment in the 270 days prior to delivery. The majority (91%) received a 50-g glucose screen (GDS). Women not screened were younger and more likely to smoke and had lower maternal weight and median household income. When a diagnostic 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was indicated, it occurred a median of 10 (interquartile range 7, 15) days after the screen.

CONCLUSIONS

GDS occurred widely in a system where it was universally recommended and paid for publicly. When indicated, a 75-g OGTT was completed within 15 days in 75% of cases. Our finding that this two-step approach was widely implemented in a timely fashion supports continued endorsement of a two-step approach to screening and diagnosis of GDM. Further research is merited to assess whether the one-step GDM diagnostic approach results in different rates and timing of the 75-g OGTT and affects pregnancy outcomes.
Identifying Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain Who Respond Best to Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Garcia Alessandra Narciso , Costa Luciola da Cunha Menezes , Hancock Mark , Costa Leonardo Oliveira Pena
Published: October 2015

Background

“Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy” (MDT) (also known as the McKenzie method), like other interventions for low back pain (LBP), has been found to have small effects for people with LBP. It is possible that a group of patients respond best to MDT and have larger effects. Identification of patients who respond best to MDT compared with other interventions would be an important finding.

Objective

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether baseline characteristics of patients with chronic LBP, already classified as derangement syndrome, can identify those who respond better to MDT compared with Back School.

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis of data from a previous trial comparing MDT with Back School in 148 patients with chronic LBP. Only patients classified at baseline assessment as being in the directional preference group (n=140) were included. The effect modifiers tested were: clear centralization versus directional preference only, baseline pain location, baseline pain intensity, and age. The primary outcome measures for this study were pain intensity and disability at the end of treatment (1 month). Treatment effect modification was evaluated by assessing the group versus predictor interaction terms from linear regression models. Interactions ≥1.0 for pain and ≥3 for disability were considered clinically important.

Results

Being older met our criteria for being a potentially important effect modifier; however, the effect occurred in the opposite direction to our hypothesis. Older people had 1.27 points more benefit in pain reduction from MDT (compared with Back School) than younger participants after 1 month of treatment.

Limitations

The sample (n=140) was powered to detect the main effects of treatment but not to detect the interactions of the potential treatment effect modifiers.

Conclusions

The results of the study suggest older age may be an important factor that can be considered as a treatment effect modifier for patients with chronic LBP receiving MDT. As the main trial was not powered for the investigation of subgroups, the results of this secondary analysis have to be interpreted cautiously, and replication is needed.
Pharmaceutical drugs and other substances with pharmacological activity in the environment: a threat to biodiversity?
Authors: Nunes Bruno
Published: October 2015

Drugs of human origin are now dispersed in all ecosystems, and non-target exposed biota are likely to be impacted in the future by a large number of substances with unpredictable consequences. One of the potential effects of drugs (and other substances with pharmacological activity) is the exertion of selective pressure, favouring an artificial process of selection, in which sensitive organisms may be favoured. We bring to discussion the consequences expected from chronic environmental exposure of biota to two major classes of chemicals that are nowadays released thoroughly into the environment: stimulants and neuroendocrine drugs.Conservation Science Vol.2(1) 2014: 12-16
Biodiversity and Systematic Conservation Planning for the Twenty-first Century: A Philosophical Perspective
Authors: Sarkar Sahotra
Published: October 2015

The concept of biodiversity, its introduction in conservation biology, and its evolution in the framework of systematic conservation planning, are analyzed. Attempts to quantify biodiversity and to find surrogate measures for it are described. It is shown that biodiversity originated as and remains a fundamentally normative concept. However, while attempts to reduce biodiversity conservation to the achievement of sustainability are misplaced, natural values other than biodiversity also merit promotion. Multi-criteria analysis can be used to capture necessary trade-offs between these values when they are in conflict. Moreover, given the possibility of trade-off analysis, socio-cultural values can also be integrated into habitat use decisions along with natural values. Thus biodiversity conservation can be integrated into more general framework of habitat use planning.Conservation Science Vol.2(1) 2014: 1-11
Reconciling Mountain Biodiversity Conservation in a Changing Climate: A Hindu Kush-Himalayan Perspective
Authors: Chettri Nakul
Published: October 2015

Mountains occupy 24% of the global land surface area and are home to 12% of the world’s population. They have ecological, aesthetic, and socioeconomic significance, not only for those living in mountain areas, but also for people living beyond. The Hindu Kush-Himalayan region (HKH) expanding to over four million square kilometres is endowed with rich biodiversity, culture, and sources of varied goods and services that serve more than 200 million people living in the region and 1.3 billion people living in the river basins receive services from them. The countries sharing the HKH have set aside 39% of the biodiversity rich area for different systems of protection. However, in the recent years, the HKH is facing numerous drivers of environmental change including climate change. Various studies suggest that warming in the HKH has been much higher than the global average over the last 100 years and the HKH is already facing climate change threats at ecoregions, ecosystems and species levels. While climate change is a global problem requiring a global solution, the HKH countries have initiated various reconciling initiatives to link conservation with climate change for enhancing ecological and socio-economic resilience. However, there is serious paucity of expertise, capacity and data on climate change as well as biodiversity in the HKH bringing challenges in enhancing the resilience. Considering the significance of the HKH on local, regional, and global levels, it is imperative to close the gaps to meet the challenges arising from the consequences of climate change. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), with its partners, has conceptualised a number of innovative conservation approaches with an objective to reconcile biodiversity conservation goals with climate change challenges. These conservation approaches have a huge potential for mutual benefits from the common good practices, resources and expertise and there is a need for more formal cooperative agreements between the various institutions and communities of the countries at the regional level for addressing regional issues of conservation in the changing climate.Conservation Science Vol.2(1) 2014: 17-27
The Group Experience: Remodelling Outpatient Physiotherapy after Knee Replacement Surgery
Authors: Wainwright Amy V. , Kennedy Deborah M. , Stratford Paul W.
Published: October 2015

Purpose: To estimate responses to short-duration (4–6 weeks) group-based physiotherapy after knee replacement in terms of pain, function, and satisfaction. Method: The study used a prospective, observational design. A total of 169 participants (111 women, 58 men) were consecutively recruited to attend a twice-weekly post-operative knee replacement class focused on mobility, strength, balance, and functional retraining. Changes in pain, function, and satisfaction were measured using the P4 pain intensity measure, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), a timed stair test (TST), knee range of motion (ROM), the Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). Using Stata version 12.1, the data were summarized descriptively, and change scores were calculated with 95% CIs. Results: On average, participants were discharged within 11 classes, having achieved their treatment goals. More than 77% exceeded the minimal detectable change at the 90% confidence level (MDC90) on the LEFS, TST, PSFS, and ROM assessments. The mean CSQ-8 score at discharge was 31.8 (SD 1.46); 66.7% recorded a perfect score of 32. Conclusions: Patients attending a short group-based outpatient knee replacement class demonstrated significant improvements in pain and lower extremity function and were highly satisfied with their physiotherapy treatment.
Network Traffic Signal Control with Nonconvex Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers Formulations
Authors: Timotheou Stelios , Panayiotou Christos G. , Polycarpou Marios M.
Published: October 2015

This paper considers the distributed solution of the online network traffic signal control problem. Toward systemwide optimality, the problem is modeled as a large-scale mixed-integer linear program with the traffic dynamics captured by the cell transmission model. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used to achieve spatial problem decomposition and to design an iterative approach that achieves networkwide solution under a fully distributed architecture, where computation, communication, and control are performed locally at individual intersections. Two ADMM-based algorithms were developed on the basis of appropriate problem reformulations; these algorithms resulted in the solution of convex–nonconvex subproblems with distinct properties. The performance of the algorithms was demonstrated to be close to global optimality and comparative to that of genetic algorithms. Each algorithm offers a different trade-off between communication and computation complexity.
Empirical Estimation of Desired Speed Distributions for Microscopic Traffic Simulation
Authors: Geistefeldt Justin
Published: October 2015

The desired speed is an important parameter for microscopic traffic simulation. The desired speed can only be directly measured for free-flowing vehicles. However, the average speeds of unimpeded vehicles are systematically lower than the desired speeds of all vehicles. Recently, a new estimation technique in which the speeds of impeded vehicles were considered as censored values was introduced. Here, this method was applied with empirical traffic data in a modified version to estimate desired-speed distributions for two freeway sections in Germany. On the basis of simulation studies the method was shown to deliver consistent desired-speed distributions that allowed for a realistic representation of driver speed behavior within microscopic traffic simulation models.
Impacts of Different Angles and Speeds on Behavior of Pedestrian Crowd Merging
Authors: Aghabayk Kayvan , Sarvi Majid , Ejtemai Omid , Sobhani Amir
Published: October 2015

Many forms of complex pedestrian crowd behaviors, including merging, can be identified in built environments such as public transport stations and public buildings. Understanding and capturing this phenomenon in a robust model is a challenging task; it is also a significant opportunity for research, given the international demand for models of this type. Despite the frequent occurrence of merging of crowd streams, this complex behavior has not received enough attention so far. The literature that is related to crowd merging is limited to T-shaped intersections and studies conducted on staircases. In this study using experimental data, the crowd merging phenomenon was investigated. The impacts of different merging angles and different pedestrian speeds were investigated. The results showed that flow rates and headway distributions are affected by variety in pedestrian speeds and merging angles.
Fitting Time Headway–Vehicle Speed Bivariate Distributions
Authors: Rossi Riccardo , Gastaldi Massimiliano , Pascucci Federico
Published: October 2015

Knowledge of traffic flow characteristics at cross sections helps analysts, software developers, and practitioners to identify, model, and simulate traffic flows as inputs in operational analysis. This work presents a complete procedure for constructing bivariate time headway (TH)–vehicle speed (VS) distributions starting from raw traffic data on two-way two-lane roads. The general framework of the procedure, together with functional components and their mutual interactions, was designed and implemented. The effect of flow rate in both directions (analyzed and opposite) on TH-VS distributions was examined. The possibility of associating the TH-VS probability density function with several kinds of traffic conditions in both directions and lanes is a significant and interesting advance with respect to previous works. The procedure was applied to a set of four cross sections belonging to the road network of the province of Venice (northeast Italy). This application enabled testing of the various steps of the procedure and acquisition of better knowledge concerning the way the findings can be used for traffic flow description and simulation.
Modeling and Analysis of Lateral Driver Behavior in Lane-Changing Execution
Authors: Yang Da , Zhu Liling , Yang Fei , Pu Yun
Published: October 2015

Existing studies regarding lane-changing behavior mainly focus on modeling lane-changing decisions. Lane-changing execution (LCE), which happens just after the adjacent gap has been accepted by the driver who wishes to change lanes, has not been much studied. This is especially true of the lateral movement aspect of a lane change, even though the LCE has considerable influence on driving safety and traffic simulation results and is also an indispensable part of the control design of an automatic vehicle. This paper proposes the first model for LCE in the lateral direction on the basis of empirical analysis using NGSIM data. After analysis of the data, two types of LCE, the continuous LCE (CLCE) and the discontinuous LCE (DLCE), were identified. A CLCE happens when the vehicles surrounding the lane-changing vehicle do not constrain the LCE behavior, and the entire LCE process is continuous. In contrast, a DLCE occurs when the lane-changing vehicle has to defer the lateral movement for a short time to make sure that changing lanes is safe. A model is proposed for each of the two types of LCE and then calibrated and validated. The results show that the proposed models can replicate real lane-changing execution behavior in the lateral direction with small errors.
Order in the Lake: Managing the Sustainability of the Lake Constance Fisheries, 1350-1900
Authors: Zeheter Michael
Published: October 2015

Around 1350 the authorities of the Lake Constance region began to regulate the local fisheries by issuing fishermen's ordinances and signing fisheries treaties with other principalities with the stated interest of protecting the fish stocks, which were considered a commons. The fishermen and their guilds were heavily involved in this process, since some of their practices - like the destruction of spawn and the catching of young fish - could have devastating consequences. The fishermen and their authorites decided regularly for more than four centuries to prioritise the long-term preservation of the fish stocks and not short-term profits to be made on the local fish markets. Thus, they avoided the disastrous outcome of a 'Tragedy of the Commons'.
Registration of ‘LCS Wizard’ Wheat
Authors: Liu L. , Barnett M. D. , Griffey C. A. , Malla S. , Brooks W. S. , Seago J. E. , Butler H. , Thomason W. E. , Rucker E. G. , Behl H. D. , Pitman R. M. , Dunaway D. W. , Vaughn M. E. , Custis J. T. , Seabourn B. , Chen R. , Fountain M. , Marshall D. , Graybosch R. A. , Divis L. A. , Hansen L. E. , Cowger C. , Cambron S. , Jin Y. , Beahm B. R. , Hardiman T. H. , Lin C. J. , Mennel D. F. , Mennel D. L.
Published: October 2015

The objective of this research was to develop widely adapted hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to meet the needs of mills, bakeries, and consumers in the eastern and Great Plains regions of the United States. ‘LCS Wizard’ (Reg. No. CV‐1111, PI 669574), a hard red winter (HRW) wheat, was developed and tested as VA08HRW‐80 and co‐released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and Limagrain Cereal Seeds, LLC in 2013. LCS Wizard was derived from the three‐way cross S.6742/92PAN1#33//92PIN#107 using a modified bulk breeding method. LCS Wizard is a widely adapted, high‐yielding, awned, semidwarf (Rht1) HRW wheat with midseason spike emergence and resistance or moderate resistance to diseases prevalent in the mid‐Atlantic and Great Plains regions. In the 2014 Uniform Bread Wheat Trial conducted over 17 locations in eastern states, LCS Wizard produced an average grain yield of 4717 kg ha−1, similar to ‘Vision 45’ (4650 kg ha−1). In the northern Great Plains, the average grain yield over 54 locations in 2012 of LCS Wizard (4419 kg ha−1) was slightly lower than that of ‘Overland’ (4659 kg ha−1). In the southern Great Plains, its average grain yield (3844 kg ha−1) over 85 locations was slightly higher than that of Fuller (3757 kg ha−1). LCS Wizard has acceptable end‐use quality in both the eastern and Great Plains regions of the United States.
Odds Ratio Meta-Analysis and Increased Prevalence of White Matter Injury in Healthy Divers
Authors: Connolly Desmond M. , Lee Vivienne M.
Published: October 2015

INTRODUCTION: Increased white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans of high altitude aircrew and altitude chamber workers indicate that exposure to low ambient pressure (hypobaria) promotes white matter injury. If associated with frequent
decompression stress then experienced divers should also exhibit more WMH, yet published case-control studies are inconsistent. This meta-analysis evaluated the prevalence of WMH in healthy divers and controls.METHODS: Eligible studies compared experienced divers (or hyperbaric
workers) without neurological decompression illness with nondiving controls, identified from multiple database searches and reference list reviews. Studies were scored for sample size, recruitment bias, control matching, MRI sensitivity, and confounding factors before grading as low, medium,
or high quality. Meta-analysis of odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was conducted on all data using a random effects model and repeated after exclusion of low-quality studies.RESULTS: There were 11 eligible studies identified. After data adjustment to exclude diving
accidents, these encompassed 410 divers and 339 controls, of which 136 (33%) and 79 (23%), respectively, exhibited WMH (OR 1.925, 95% CI 1.088 to 3.405). Excluding four low-quality studies eliminated meta-analysis heterogeneity, with 98 of 279 divers (35%) and 44 of 232 controls (19%) exhibiting
WMH (OR 2.654, 95% CI 1.718 to 4.102).CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that repeated hyperbaric exposure increases the prevalence of white matter injury in experienced healthy divers without neurological decompression illness. This is consistent with reports of increased WMH in asymptomatic
altitude workers and an association with intensity of dysbaric exposure.Connolly DM, Lee VM. Odds ratio meta-analysis and increased prevalence of white matter injury in healthy divers. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(11):928–935.
Microparticles from apoptotic RAW 264.7 macrophage cells carry tumour necrosis factor‐α functionally active on cardiomyocytes from adult mice
Authors: Milbank Edward , Soleti Raffaella , Martinez Emilie , Lahouel Badreddine , Hilairet Grégory , Martinez M. Carmen , Andriantsitohaina Ramaroson , Noireaud Jacques
Published: October 2015

After ischaemic injury and in patients with atherosclerosis, the pool of inflammatory macrophages is enlarged in the heart and in atherosclerotic plaques. Monocyte/macrophage‐derived microparticles (MPs) are part of the pathological process of unstable atherosclerotic plaques. The present study focused on effects of MPs, produced by apoptotic murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line, in adult murine cardiomyocytes. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis showed that these MPs contained the soluble form of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). Cardiomyocyte sarcomere shortening amplitudes and kinetics were reduced within 5 min of exposure to these MPs. Conversely, Ca2+ transient amplitude and kinetics were not modified. The contractile effects of MPs were completely prevented after pretreatment with nitric oxide synthase, guanylate cyclase or TNF‐α inhibitors as well as blocking TNF‐α receptor 1 with neutralizing antibody. Microscopy showed that, after 1 h, MPs were clearly surrounding rod‐shaped cardiomyocytes, and after 2 h they were internalized into cardiomyocytes undergoing apoptosis. After 4 h of treatment with MPs, cardiomyocytes expressed increased caspase‐3, caspase‐8, Bax and cytochrome C. Thus, MPs from apoptotic macrophages induced a negative inotropic effect and slowing of both contraction and relaxation, similar to that observed in the presence of TNF‐α. The use of specific inhibitors strongly suggests that TNF‐α receptors and the guanylate cyclase/cGMP/PKG pathway were involved in the functional responses to these MPs and that the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway was implicated in their proapoptotic effects. These data suggest that MPs issued from activated macrophages carrying TNF‐α could contribute to propagation of inflammatory signals leading to myocardial infarction.
L'obligation d'information de l'article 8-1 de la loi du 19 juillet 1976
Authors: Angeli Guillaume
Published: October 2015

Les pouvoirs publics et les industriels sont de plus en plus sensibles à

l'état de pollution des sols servant de sites à des activités économiques, et de nouvelles normes sont venues imposer au vendeur d'informer son acquéreur de l'exploitation antérieure sur le site vendu d'une exploitation soumise aux dispositions de la loi du 19 juillet 1976 relative aux installations classées pour la protection de l'environnement. Seul le propriétaire du terrain sera tenu de cette obligation d'information, et non l'exploitant de l'activité, alors que ce dernier sera responsable devant l'administration de la remise en état du site. Cette divergence est à même de faire naître des incertitudes en matière de responsabilité effective, ainsi que des recours en cascade. De même, seul le contrat de vente est visé, et non toutes les autres formes de mutation, telles que prises de participations ou fusion-absorption, diminuant de ce fait l'intérêt de ce texte. Cette obligation d'information comprend deux volets :

- d'une part, elle portera sur le fait qu'une activité soumise à autorisation d'après la loi du 1 9 juillet 1 976 a été exploitée sur le site ;

- d'autre part, le vendeur doit informer l'acquéreur des dangers et inconvénients importants résultant de cette activité et dont il a eu connaissance, même s'il n'a pas eu la qualité d'exploitant.

Le véritable objet d'une telle obligation sera d'inciter le propriétaire d'un site industriel, même non exploitant, à se préoccuper du respect des normes environnementales se rapportant aux activités exploitées sur ce site.
Le maire et le bruit - Compétences, actions et responsabilités
Authors: Cuillandre François
Published: October 2015

Les nuisances dues au bruit constituent une pollution très particulière.

Elles sont parmi les moins bien tolérées, car portant atteinte souvent de manière grave à la tranquillité publique. Conscient de l'importance du problème, le législateur a proclamé le droit au calme par la loi du 31 décembre 1992. Un dispositif juridique désormais complet fait du maire l'acteur principal - mais pas unique - de la lutte contre le bruit. D'une part, il est garant du respect du droit au calme dans sa commune, mais plus globalement il doit être gestionnaire du bruit. Il a un rôle préventif, conciliateur et répressif. Mais, d'autre part, sa responsabilité peut se voir engagée soit par son action, les ouvrages publics pouvant causer des dommages indemnisables, soit par son inaction pour absence ou insuffisance de mesures prises, propres à garantir la tranquillité publique.

La lutte contre le bruit doit être perçue comme un enjeu politique majeur. Le maire est certainement le mieux placé pour mener ce combat. Il en a désormais les moyens juridiques : à lui de s'en servir.
Trois années de droit international de l'environnement (1993-1995)
Authors: Kiss Alexandre
Published: October 2015

Cette chronique du droit international de l'environnement porte sur les années 1993-1995 et passe en revue les principaux développements intervenus pendant cette période. La première constatation est celle de l'hommage général rendu aux principes formulés à Rio de Janeiro tant dans les « grands » traités internationaux que dans les traités régionaux, sectoriels ou transversaux. Les grands principes de Rio, qu'il s'agisse du droit à l'information et à la participation, du devoir d'évaluation des conséquences des projets sur l'environnement, de la responsabilité pour dommage à l'environnement, du devoir de notification... sont désormais consacrés par de très nombreux textes internationaux adoptés au cours de ces trois années. On peut noter à cet égard certains progrès institutionnels ainsi que des avancées dans des domaines où le droit international s'aventurait peu - responsabilité pour dommage écologique ou juridiction internationale. Les progrès du droit international sont envisagés d'abord par milieux (mer et ressources biologiques marines, protection des sols et des paysages, eaux continentales, air et climat), ensuite par domaines d'activités (substances chimiques, déchets, activités nucléaires). Malgré l'évolution normative dont témoignent les nombreux textes répertoriés, certaines questions demeurent préoccupantes : les difficultés de la mise en œuvre du droit international, et surtout la place croissante des instruments économiques, qui risque, à terme, de faire prévaloir la loi du marché, avec tous les aléas que cette situation comporte pour les valeurs fondamentales du monde actuel et futur, les droits de l'homme et l'environnement.
Les Ruines-de-Séchilienne, un risque au régime incertain
Authors: Servoin François
Published: October 2015

Catastrophe majeure qui s'annonce dans un avenir indéfini mais inéluctable, l'effondrement de Séchilienne met à l'épreuve l'arsenal juridique de la prévention française des risques. Les moyens juridiques qui constituent un sous-système dans l'ensemble de la scène locale du risque se caractérisent par une approche isolée et unilatérale du risque où Etat et communes se trouvent enfermés dans un réseau de compétences de police, définies a priori. La loi de 1995 ne modifie pas fondamentalement cette approche, même si une interprétation large de ses dispositions permet de s'orienter vers une réelle négociation sociale des conséquences du risque avec la collectivité concernée, et de déboucher sur un véritable aménagement du territoire en fonction du risque. Les développements récents du cas de Séchilienne montrent qu'une interprétation timorée des textes risque de doubler la catastrophe naturelle d'une catastrophe sociale.
La loi du 30 décembre 1996 sur l'air et l'utilisation rationnelle de l'énergie (première partie)
Authors: Faberon Jean-Yves
Published: October 2015

La loi du 30 décembre 1996 sur l'air et l'utilisation rationnelle de l'énergie vient remplacer la loi du 2 août 1961 relative à la lutte contre la pollution atmosphérique et les odeurs, et compléter la loi du 19 juillet 1976 relative aux installations classées pour la protection de l'environnement. Cette loi comprend tout d'abord un dispositif d'ensemble visant, dans un contexte fortement dégradé, à protéger la qualité de l'air. Elle définit dans ce but trois instruments d'évaluation de la pollution atmosphérique : les objectifs de qualité de l'air, les seuils d'alerte et les valeurs limites. Elle prend des dispositions propres à assurer le droit à l'information de la population en la matière. Et elle permet, en cas d'urgence, au préfet, de prendre des mesures fortes : de restriction ou de suspension des activités concourant aux pointes de pollution, y compris de la circulation des véhicules, la gratuité de l'accès aux transports publics en commun étant alors assurée. Elle met aussi en place ou développe des instruments de planification de la qualité de l'air : les plans régionaux pour la qualité de l'air, les plans de protection de l'atmosphère et les plans de déplacements urbains.

De plus cette loi comprend des mesures diverses qui situent le dispositif de droit de l'environnement dans son contexte global de développement durable : mesures relatives à la maîtrise de l'énergie, prenant en compte les transports, ou encore la santé. Des dispositions répressives sanctionnent effectivement cette loi.
Souffrances psychiques chez les adolescents obèses… et diabétiques
Authors: Corduan Guillaume , Rabourdin Sophie , Bergmann-Billig Joanne
Published: October 2015

La mixité somato-psychique se retrouve fréquemment dans la nature des problématiques des jeunes passant la porte de La Maison des adolescents de Strasbourg. Les adolescents diabétiques et obèses ont d’emblée représenté une part substantielle de la population accueillie pour une souffrance morale liée à une maladie chronique. Un atelier de groupe peut être proposé en complément des entretiens habituels (individuels ou avec les parents). Mais son acceptation est délicate pour ces adolescents qui craignent le regard de l’autre. C’est pourquoi le public accueilli au sein de ce groupe devait se sentir en confiance et uni autour d’un aspect ni physique (stigmatisant) ni causal (culpabilisant). Cela a été possible en recentrant le groupe thérapeutique sur le corps, objet de souffrance qui s’impose et s’oppose à la narrativité. De cette réflexion sont nés deux ateliers, d’une part un atelier vidéo « Silence, elles tournent » et d’autre part un atelier d’inspiration sociodramatique « Jeux d’rôle ». « Silence, elles tournent » se compose d’un groupe ouvert de six jeunes filles maximum et de trois professionnels. Notre propos discutera de l’expérience de ces ateliers de groupe à la mda de Strasbourg et en pointera les limites. Nous montrerons comment en recréant un espace transitionnel de jeu, dans le sens du play winnicotien, le faire semblant créatif de ces dispositifs permet une remise en route du processus adolescent.
Rearing diet may determine fish restocking success: a case study of hatchery-reared juvenile meagre, Argyrosomus regius
Authors: Gil María del Mar , Palmer Miquel , Hernández María Dolores , Grau Amalia , Durán Juana , García García Benjamín , Jover Miguel , Pastor Elena
Published: October 2015

The resilience of released hatchery-reared specimens increases with age and size, but production costs are also greater for these individuals. Therefore, for a given budget, the consequences of increasing age and size impose a trade-off between producing a large number of vulnerable (small) fish or a small number of resilient (large) fish. Once the optimal size for releasing fish has been defined, the choice of rearing protocol will determine the number and quality of the fish that can be released. In this study, different rearing protocols were compared using meagre juveniles (Argyrosomus regius), which are presently the target of a restocking programme conducted in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). Seven different diets were compared during the grow-out phase to identify the diets that produced good-quality juveniles of a given size at the lowest cost. Most of the diets produced juveniles of suitable biological quality in terms of growth, fish condition (relationships between length and total weight, liver weight and mesenteric fat weight) and tissue biochemical composition. A semi-moist diet (Diet G) provided the best growth rate, closely followed by commercial meagre pellets (Diet A). In contrast, the cost of growing fish with Diet A was lower for any possible size at release. This study demonstrates the need to consider both growth rate and production cost to select the rearing protocol that maximizes the number of juveniles that can be produced for a given budget and desired release size. These considerations will ultimately increase the chance of success of restocking programmes.
Characterizing the complexity of the fleet dynamics for an effective fisheries management: The case of the Cíes Islands (NW Spain)
Authors: Ouréns Rosana , Cambiè Giulia , Freire Juan
Published: October 2015

We analysed the fishing fleet dynamics in the Cíes Islands, located in a National Land-Marine Park of Galicia. By interviewing fishers we identified the fleet fishing in the study area and obtained temporal data on effort and catch. Then we performed multivariate analyses of the catch profiles to identify the fishing strategies and their temporal dynamics. Our results highlight the complexity of the fishery system, composed of 565 boats that used 19 fishing gears and 33 strategies in an area of 26.6 km2. Octopus and velvet crab pots, gillnets targeting hake, trammel nets targeting European spider crab or ballan wrasse, clam rakes, and hand harvesting of gooseneck barnacles and razor shells are the strategies most used. In addition, most of the boats are generalists and use up to seven different fishing strategies throughout the year. This flexibility of the fleet to change the target species generates a wide diversity of annual fishing patterns that increases the complexity of the fisheries and the difficulty of managing them. The implementation of data collection programmes that include fleet dynamics and spatial data are key factors for developing effective management regulations consistent with the complexity of the system.