bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender-Related Ideological and Structural Macrosocial Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Against European Women
Authors: Zapata-Calvente Antonella Ludmila , Megías Jesús L. , Moya Miguel , Schoebi Dominik
Published: May 2019

Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is investigated mostly at the individual level, which ignores the role of macrosocial variables and possible interactions between them. We explored how two ideological gender-related macrosocial factors (traditional gender role beliefs and attitudes toward gender equality) and one structural gender-related macrosocial factor (the economic Gender Equality Index) are associated with physical, psychological, and sexual IPVAW in Europe. We examined their interactions with individual-level factors in predicting IPVAW. Secondary analysis ( N = 30,284 heterosexual women) of the 2015 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights’ Violence Against Women survey revealed that 26.1% of women in Europe reported at least one act of physical, psychological, or sexual violence. Generalized linear mixed models analysis revealed that individual-level factors (women’s education, childhood victimization, equal say about income, partner’s alcohol consumption, and an aggressive partner) were associated with IPVAW. Adding the Eurobarometer of Gender Equality ( N = 28 countries) and the Gender Equality Index ( N = 28 countries), attitudes more favorable to gender equality were related to lower rates of psychological victimization; more traditional gender role beliefs predicted higher rates of sexual victimization. Ideological gender-related macrofactors played an important role in cross-level interactions with individual-level factors. To reduce the rates of IPVAW victimization, clinicians, educators, and policy makers need to focus on individual predictors and macrofactors to promote societal attitudes toward equality and change traditional gender role socialization. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684319839367
Biocompatibility and cellular compatibility of decellularized tracheal matrix derived from rabbits
Authors: Zhang Fangbiao , Wang Zhihao , Zheng Chunhui , Zhao Chun , Shi Hongcan , Pan Shu , Zhang Weidong
Published: May 2019

Objective:

To study the different concentrations of Triton X-100 and nuclease needed to remove cells from the tracheal matrix of rabbits and analyse their biocompatibility and cellular compatibility.

Methods:

Fifty tracheas were harvested from donor New Zealand rabbits. Thirty tracheas were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6 each). The tracheas in group A were untreated and served as a control group, and those in groups B, C, D and E were treated with different concentrations of Triton X-100 (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%), respectively. The tracheas of the five groups were assessed by histological observation, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical evaluation. The remaining 20 donor tracheas, which were divided into a control group and an optimally decellularized group, were used for xenogeneic transplantation and cell seeding.

Results:

Many epithelial cells and cartilage cells were observed in the tracheas of group A. There were fewer cartilage cells in the tracheas of groups C, D and E than in the tracheas of groups A and B under histological observation. In scanning electron microscopy, there were many ciliated epithelial cells in the tracheas of group A; in groups B and C, the ciliated epithelial cells disappeared, but the basement membrane was intact. The basement membranes were broken in the tracheas of groups D and E. Implanted decellularized tracheas showed good biocompatibility. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grown in the decellularized tracheal matrix grew well.

Conclusion:

Decellularized tracheal matrix obtained from rabbits by 2% Triton X-100 may be suitable for the construction of tissue-engineered trachea because of its favourable morphological and biomechanical properties as well as its biocompatibility and cellular compatibly.
What Does Political Economy Tell Us About the Dearth of Black Entrepreneurs?
Authors: Mangum Vincent E.
Published: May 2019

There is a historical and consistent lack of parity in the Black community between labor and firms. Various authors have attributed entrepreneur-centered failures and shortcomings as the source of Black Entrepreneurship under-performance. This study, however, utilizing the Theory of Market Barriers, sought to discover the factors associated with market conditions that may play a causal role on new firm entry and coincidentally entrepreneurship choice. With count data from the Survey of Minority Owned Enterprises 1992-1997 (SMOBE), this study estimated the parameters of a Limit Profit Model to determine the effect political economic barriers have on new firm entry. The results implicate historical and ongoing biased policy generating imperfect market conditions lowering the economic value of entrepreneurial choice and hindering Black Entrepreneurship. This suggests that among the various explanations for the dearth of Black entrepreneurs, low Black labor demand and persistent high Black unemployment, barriers emanating from political economy, also appear to be important.

JEL Classifications: I, J, O
A comprehensive review on the vibration and damping characteristics of vegetable fiber-reinforced composites
Authors: Munde Yashwant S , Ingle Ravindra B , Siva I
Published: May 2019

In recent past years, results on natural fiber-reinforced composites response are seriously viewed by researcher and industrial community to ensure the real-time service. Exploration on mechanical and tribological properties of several vegetable fibers is available with literature database. Nonetheless, dynamic properties of those composites are more essential to fitting them into service. In this account, few researchers have started to experiment the dynamic stability of vegetable fiber composites at elevated temperature viz., dynamic mechanical analysis at various frequencies and thermogravimetric analysis. Perhaps, the vibration and damping analysis may bring us some good sense on structural stability of those materials. Later, researchers have started to find vibrational response of materials; even then, neither complete nor accurate results/practices are recorded. Therefore, it is indeed to look in deeply the vibrational response of natural fiber-reinforced composites towards anti-vibration applications. An attempt has been made here to review some of the literature published on vibration damping applied to natural fiber-reinforced composites by experimental and numerical methods; the effects of natural fiber reinforcement on vibrational response of both thermoset and thermoplastic polymer matrix are reviewed. Discussions on the effects of several parameters are made to bring comprehensive knowledge on vibrational response of natural fiber-reinforced composites.
Profile of highly infected wastes generated by hospitals: A case in Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Authors: Costa Clauber A , Maia Camila C , Neves Arthur Co , de Vasconcelos Barros Raphael T , Mol Marcos PG
Published: May 2019

Healthcare wastes are generated in facilities whose activities are related to human or animal healthcare. Wastes with high infectious potential risk to human health and the environment must be managed carefully, from generation to its final disposal. However, there is an absence of consolidated data addressing the healthcare waste qualitative classification generated by hospitals of a large city. Therefore, the present study aims to characterise qualitatively the high infectious waste generated by hospitals from Belo Horizonte city, Brazil, whose Health Services Waste Management Plan were approved and certificated by the municipal cleansing autarchy. Differences in the types of infectious wastes generated in maternity hospitals were identified ( p 0.034), when compared with general ( p 0.189), low ( p 0.549) and high complexity ( p 0.619), which can be explained owing to the extended hospital activities. This information suggests a similar profile of the qualitative generation of infectious wastes by hospital categories, as expected. The largest generation and diversity of high-infected wastes are associated with a greater variety of activities provided. The segregation can be considered as the main step in healthcare waste management, therefore, it is concluded that the correct classification leads to a better understanding of all those involved in the healthcare waste management.
“We Can Be Oppressed but That Does Not Mean We Cannot Fight Oppression”: Narratives of Resilience and Advocacy From Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Crann Sara E. , Barata Paula C.
Published: May 2019

Helping others has been identified as an important component in recovery and resilience for women following intimate partner violence (IPV). However, little is known about the experiences of women who are IPV survivors and who also engage in formal and informal violence against women (VAW) advocacy work, such as supporting IPV survivors in a social work role or volunteering on VAW advocacy committees. Using in-depth semistructured interviews with nine “survivor–advocates” who were part of a larger study on IPV and resilience, this study extends the existing literature to examine the multidirectional relationship between IPV, advocacy work, and resilience using narrative analysis. Three distinct narratives were identified in survivor–advocates’ accounts of their experiences of abuse and advocacy work. The working through the abuse narrative focused on using the knowledge and experience from advocacy work that began prior to IPV to critically reflect on the abuse and its meaning for women. The second narrative, helping others, focused on using personal experiences of abuse to help other IPV survivors. The third narrative, personal strength, focused on a personal identity as a lifelong advocate and inner strength and determination as central to resilience. The findings of this study demonstrate the multitude of ways that engaging in advocacy work interacts with abuse experiences and women’s recovery and resilience processes. The findings of this study can inform approaches for promoting resilience and recovery for IPV survivors and highlight the importance of cultivating a critical understanding of abuse to support resilience and recovery following IPV.
Associations Between Stress and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Million Hearts Priority Populations
Authors: Gawlik Kate Sustersic , Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek , Tan Alai
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

To estimate the effects of stress on hypertension and high cholesterol with a focus on Million Hearts priority populations.

Design:

A population-based cross-sectional survey on cardiovascular health and its risk factors.

Setting:

Million Hearts cardiovascular community screenings

Sample:

Deidentified data were collected on a convenience sample of 59 798 participants.

Measures:

Self-reported stress score using the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4), blood pressure, and total cholesterol.

Analysis:

Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of high stress (PSS-4 score ≥ 9), prehypertension or hypertension, and elevated total cholesterol. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to estimate the effect of stress on the risk of elevated blood pressure and total cholesterol.

Results:

Twenty-four percent of the participants had high stress. Younger participants had an increased prevalence of high stress than older participants (28% vs 20%, P < .001). African Americans had a high prevalence of stress (26.4%), prehypertension or hypertension (65.4%), and elevated total cholesterol (48.6%). Compared to those with low stress, high stress was associated with significant higher risks of having prehypertension/hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-1.53) and elevated cholesterol (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.41-1.66).

Conclusions:

Stress needs to be routinely identified and treated, especially in Million Hearts priority populations. More research is needed in designing culturally sensitive and effectively tailored interventions relative to both stress and disease management.
A 4000-year record of hydrologic variability from the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA
Authors: Smith Stephen G , Wegmann Karl W , Leithold Elana L , Bohnenstiehl Delwayne R
Published: May 2019

Sedimentological and geochemical analyses of gravity and piston cores retrieved from Lake Quinault, Washington, reveal an ~4000-year flood-dominated depositional record. Individual flood event layers are identified by combining core stratigraphy, sedimentology, and the ratio of incoherent to coherently scattered x-ray radiation ( inc/coh) from µXRF (x-ray fluorescence) core scans. The inc/coh time series is used as a proxy for sediment grain size and, in combination with radiocarbon-anchored core age–depth models, enables the reconstruction of late-Holocene hydrologic variability for the Quinault River catchment. Decadal to centennial variability in inc/coh is interpreted to reflect trends in ocean-atmosphere teleconnections favorable for the formation of land-falling atmospheric rivers along the Pacific Ocean flank of the Olympic Mountains. Such processes likely modulate the rate of flooding and may explain notable increases in the frequency of flood event layers observed during the periods 2350–2450 cal. yr BP and the most recent century (AD 1910–2010). Understanding past hydrologic variability has important implications for the landscape and ecosystem response of Olympic Mountain catchments to future climate warming.
The Influence of Information Asymmetry on IPO Lock-up Provisions: Evidence from Malaysian Market
Authors: Mohd-Rashid Rasidah , Abdul-Rahim Ruzita , Che-Yahya Norliza
Published: May 2019

Most of major shareholders, known as promoters of the firms, are subject to lock-up ratio for a certain period, following their company’s IPO listing. Interestingly, the lock-up ratio among firms vary, suggesting that it serves as a signalling tool to minimize potential conflicts between insiders and uninformed investors. This article investigates the influence of two main factors, that is, underwriter reputation and market capitalization on lock-up ratios. The regression results show that market capitalization, a proxy for firm size, tends to have a positive impact on lock-up ratio while the effect of underwriters’ reputation is weak. The findings also indicate that large firms with quality underwriters (proxied using the interaction of market capitalization and underwriter reputation) have lower information asymmetry and risk, and, therefore, are associated with higher lock-up ratios.
An Autoethnographic Account of a Bicultural Clinician-Researcher Applying New Evidence of Chinese Diabetes Education Into Practice
Authors: Choi Tammie S. T. , Kellow Nicole J. , Palermo Claire
Published: May 2019

Introduction: A clinician-researcher in translational research fulfils obligations in care provision and knowledge generation. Similarly, a bicultural clinician could struggle to switch between cultural paradigms. The purpose of this study was to explore the in-depth experience of multiple roles as a bicultural clinician-researcher in a translational research study. Methods: This study employed an autoethnographical method, where the first author, an Australian-trained Chinese researcher, was the research instrument who critically sought understanding of her experience in relation to culture in the context of translating an evidence-based culturally tailored Chinese diabetes education program into practice. Data were thematically analyzed and triangulated. Results: Specific research-to-practice dilemmas and personal and professional growth experiences were encountered. Learning to be flexible in addressing patients’ needs while concurrently collecting program evaluation data was complicated by self-doubt and inflexible colleagues. Implication: Despite challenges, conducting translational research with clinician-researcher can enhance understanding of the different stakeholder cultures, promoting rapid practice change.
An Alternative Prosthodontic Management of Maxillary Dentoalveolar Defect in a Patient With Cleft Palate and Lip: Case Report
Authors: Szmidt Monika , Górski Maciej , Bendyk-Szeffer Maja , Stogiera Anna , Buczkowska-Radlińska Jadwiga
Published: May 2019

Cleft palate/lip is a frequently occurring congenital anomaly; one in every 800 births results in such a problem. Different treatment options are available for replacing missing soft and hard tissues, including removable dental prostheses, fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), and implant prostheses. In the literature, according to different authors, there are different option standard for prosthetic treatment of cleft palate/lip. Some authors report that removable prosthesis is the choice in such cases, some of them regard conventional tooth-supported FDPs as a standard of care. In this case report, the prosthetic treatment of congenital cleft palate/lip was described. Upon the choice of the patient and patient’s agreement, the direct construction Fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) adhesive bridge with pink composite gingival epithesis was performed.
School Counselors-in-Training in International Dialogue: A Study of Cultural Immersion
Authors: Peterson Jean Sunde , Lee Dong-gwi , Shah Chandni , Koomler Natalie , Taber-Doughty Teresa
Published: May 2019

A phenomenological study explored how five U.S. school counselors-in-training experienced cultural immersion in family life, schools, agencies, and community in the Netherlands. The central phenomenon emerging from reflection papers was that insights about cultural values led to making sense of how school counseling and special education were conceptualized. Students’ growth in cultural competence evolved from an initial preoccupation with concrete differences to a nuanced understanding of, and preference for, Dutch institutions and policies, and finally to a balanced view of U.S. and Dutch cultures. Findings attest that deep learning can occur in 2 weeks if thoughtful preparation, mutual benefit, collaboration, homestays, and community experiences are elements.
Perianal Goblet Cell Carcinoid With Pagetoid Spread
Authors: Grunes Dianne , Kim Michelle Kang , Chessin David B. , Yaeger Rona D. , Ward Stephen C.
Published: May 2019

We present a case of perianal goblet cell carcinoid with pagetoid spread. Goblet cell carcinoid, also known as adenocarcinoid tumor, predominantly arises as a primary appendiceal tumor and contains nests of neuroendocrine and mucin-containing cells. When this tumor type is seen in other sites it usually represents a metastasis. We present the case of an 81-year-old woman with a perianal mass. Histologic and immunohistochemical examination following surgical excision showed a goblet cell carcinoid demonstrating pagetoid spread along the perianal squamous mucosa. There was no evidence of a primary appendiceal tumor by history or imaging studies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a goblet cell carcinoid presenting in this manner. The patient died due to complications of metastatic disease 26 months after initial diagnosis.
Community Health Centers and Access to Care Among Underserved Populations: A Synthesis Review
Authors: Saloner Brendan , Wilk Adam S. , Levin Jonathan
Published: May 2019

Community health centers (CHCs) deliver affordable health services to underserved populations, especially uninsured and Medicaid enrollees. Since the early 2000s, CHCs have grown because of federal investments in CHC capacity and expansions of Medicaid eligibility. We review 24 relevant studies from 2000 to 2017 to evaluate the relationship between CHCs, policies that invest in services for low-income individuals, and access to care. Most included studies use quasi-experimental designs. Greater spending on CHCs improves access to care, especially for low-income and minority individuals. Medicaid expansions also increase CHC use. Some studies indicate that CHC investments complement Medicaid expansions to increase access cost-effectively. Further research should explore patient preferences and patterns of CHC utilization versus other sites of care and population subgroups for which expanding CHC capacity improves access to care most. Researchers should endeavor to use measures and sample definitions that facilitate comparisons with other estimates in the literature.
Ultrasound-guided anatomical evaluation and percutaneous cannulation of the right internal jugular vein in infants <4000 g
Authors: Uzumcugil Filiz , Yilbas Aysun Ankay , Akca Basak
Published: May 2019

Background:

The commonly preferred right internal jugular vein was investigated in terms of its dimensions, the relationship between its dimensions and anthropometric measures, and the outcomes of its cannulation in infants. Data regarding its position with respect to the carotid artery indicated anatomical variation.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to share our observations pertaining to the anatomy and position of the right internal jugular vein with respect to carotid artery using ultrasound and our experience with ultrasound-guided right internal jugular vein access in neonates and small infants.

Materials and methods:

A total of 25 neonates and small infants (<4000 g) undergoing ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation via right internal jugular vein within a 6-month period were included. Ultrasound-guided anatomical evaluation of the vein was used to obtain the transverse and anteroposterior diameters, the depth from skin and the position with respect to the carotid artery. Real-time ultrasound-guided central cannulation success rates and complication rates were also obtained. The patients were divided into two groups with respect to their weight in order to compare both the position and the dimensions of right internal jugular vein and cannulation performance in infants weighing <2500 g and ⩾2500 g.

Results:

The position was lateral to the carotid artery in 84% of all infants and similar in both groups. The first-attempt success rates of cannulation were similar (70% vs 73.3%) in both groups, with an overall success rate of 88%.

Conclusion:

Right internal jugular vein revealed a varying position with respect to carotid artery with a higher rate of lateral position. The presence of such anatomical variation requires ultrasonographic evaluation prior to interventions and real-time guidance during interventions involving right internal jugular vein.
Potential Mechanisms Influencing the Inverse Relationship Between Cannabis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Commentary
Authors: Dibba Pratima , Li Andrew A , Cholankeril George , Ali Khan Muhammad , Kim Donghee , Ahmed Aijaz
Published: May 2019

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develops when the liver is unable to oxidize or export excess free fatty acids generated by adipose tissue lipolysis, de novo lipogenesis, or dietary intake. Although treatment has generally been centered on reversing metabolic risk factors that increase the likelihood of NAFLD by influencing lifestyle modifications, therapeutic modalities are being studied at the cellular and molecular level. The endocannabinoid system has been of recent focus. The agonism and antagonism of cannabinoid receptors play roles in biochemical mechanisms involved in the development or regression of NAFLD. Exocannabinoids and endocannabinoids, the ligands which bind cannabinoid receptors, have been studied in this regard. Exocannabinoids found in cannabis (marijuana) may have a therapeutic benefit. Our recent study demonstrated an inverse association between marijuana use and NAFLD among adults in the United States. This commentary combines knowledge on the role of the endocannabinoid system in the setting of NAFLD with the findings in our article to hypothesize different potential mechanisms that may influence the inverse relationship between cannabis and NAFLD.
Functional brain connectivity abnormalities and cognitive deficits in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Savoldi Filippo , Rocca Maria A , Valsasina Paola , Riccitelli Gianna C , Mesaros Sarlota , Drulovic Jelena , Radaelli Marta , Filippi Massimo
Published: May 2019

Background:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) correlates of cognitive deficits have not been thoroughly studied in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs).

Objective:

To investigate resting state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities within the main cognitive networks in NMOSD patients and their correlation with cognitive performance.

Methods:

We acquired RS fMRI from 25 NMOSD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC). Patients underwent an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. Between-group RS FC comparisons and correlations with cognitive performance were assessed on the main cognitive RS networks identified by independent component analysis.

Results:

NMOSD patients showed higher RS FC versus HC in the precuneus of the default mode network (DMN) and right working memory network (WMN), as well as in several frontoparietal regions of the salience network (SN) and bilateral WMNs. Reduced frontal RS FC in NMOSD versus HC was detected in the left WMN. Increased RS FC in the DMN and right WMN was correlated with better cognitive performance, while decreased RS FC in the left WMN was associated with worse cognitive performance.

Conclusion:

Cognitive-network reorganization occurs in NMOSD. Clinico-imaging correlations suggest an adaptive role of increased RS FC. Conversely, reduced RS FC seems to be a maladaptive mechanism associated with a worse cognitive performance.
Deep grey matter involvement and altered sensory gating in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Conte Antonella , Giannì Costanza , Belvisi Daniele , Cortese Antonio , Petsas Nikolaos , Tartaglia Matteo , Cimino Paola , Millefiorini Enrico , Berardelli Alfredo , Pantano Patrizia
Published: May 2019

Background:

Somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT) is altered in multiple sclerosis (MS). In healthy subjects (HS), voluntary movement modulates the STDT through mechanisms of subcortical sensory gating.

Objective:

With neurophysiological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, we investigated sensory gating and sensorimotor integration in MS.

Methods:

We recruited 38 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) patients with no-to-mild disability and 33 HS. We tested STDT at rest and during index finger abductions and recorded the movement kinematics. Participants underwent a 3T MRI protocol.

Results:

Patients exhibited higher STDT values and performed slower finger movements than HS. During voluntary movement, STDT values increased in both groups, albeit to a lesser extent in patients, while the mean angular velocity of finger movements decreased in patients alone. Patients had a smaller volume of the thalamus, pallidum and caudate nucleus, and displayed higher mean diffusivity in the putamen, pallidum and thalamus. STDT correlated with thalamic volume while mean angular velocity correlated with putaminal volume. Changes in mean angular velocity during sensorimotor integration inversely correlated with mean diffusivity in the thalamus and pallidum. Changes in STDT and velocity were associated with fatigue score.

Conclusion:

Altered STDT and sensorimotor integration are related to structural damage in the thalamus and basal ganglia in MS and likely to affect motor performance.
Vitamin D genes influence MS relapses in children
Authors: Graves Jennifer S , Barcellos Lisa F , Krupp Lauren , Belman Anita , Shao Xiaorong , Quach Hong , Hart Janace , Chitnis Tanuja , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Aaen Gregory , Benson Leslie , Gorman Mark , Greenberg Benjamin , Lotze Timothy , Soe Mar , Ness Jayne , Rodriguez Moses , Rose John , Schreiner Teri , Tillema Jan-Mendelt , Waldman Amy , Casper T Charles , Waubant Emmanuelle
Published: May 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine whether a vitamin D genetic risk score (vitDGRS) is associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses in children.

Methods:

DNA samples were typed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from four genes previously identified to be associated with 25(OH)D levels. SNPs with strong associations with 25(OH)D after multiple comparison correction were used to create a genetic risk score (vitDGRS). Cox regression models tested associations of vitDGRS with relapse hazard.

Results:

Two independent SNPs within or near GC and NADSYN1/DHCR7 genes were strongly associated with 25(OH)D levels in the discovery cohort ( n = 182) after Bonferroni correction. The vitDGRS of these SNPs explained 4.5% of the variance of 25(OH)D level after adjustment for genetic ancestry. Having the highest versus lowest vitDGRS was associated with 11 ng/mL lower 25(OH)D level (95% confidence interval (CI) = −17.5, −4.5, p = 0.001) in the discovery cohort. Adjusting for ancestry, sex, disease-modifying therapy (DMT), and HLA-DRB1*15 carrier status, the highest versus lowest vitDGRS was associated with 2.6-fold (95% CI = 1.37, 5.03, p = 0.004) and 2.0-fold (95% CI = 0.75, 5.20, p = 0.16) higher relapse hazard in the discovery and replication cohorts, respectively.

Conclusion:

The vitDGRS identifies children at greater risk of relapse. These findings support a causal role for vitamin D in MS course.
Experiences of diagnosis, stigma, culpability and disclosure in male patients with hepatitis C virus: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Krzeczkowska Anna , Flowers Paul , Chouliara Zoe , Hayes Peter , Dickson Adele
Published: May 2019

The current study aimed to explore the lived experience of patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven male participants living with hepatitis C virus and were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Two master themes were identified: (1) diagnosis and the search for meaning and (2) impact of stigma on disclosure. Participants reported fears of contaminating others, feelings of stigma and concerns of disclosing the condition to others. Response to diagnosis, stigma and disclosure among the participants appeared to be interrelated and directly related to locus of blame for virus contraction. More specifically, hepatitis C virus transmission via medical routes led to an externalisation of culpability and an openness to disclosure. Transmission of hepatitis C virus as a direct result of intravenous drug use led to internalised blame and a fear of disclosure. The inter- and intra-personal consequences of hepatitis C virus explored in the current study have potential implications for tailoring future psychological therapy and psychoeducation to the specific needs of the hepatitis C virus population.
Precarity, rights and resistance in the everyday lives of children and young people
Authors: Leonard Madeleine
Published: May 2019

This article addresses the relevance of the concepts of precarity, rights and resistance in general terms in relation to children and young people in ‘developed’ societies. It then specifically explores how this triple lens enables children’s perspectives and experiences of growing up in ‘post-conflict’ Belfast to be understood. The concept of ‘generagency’ is introduced as providing a useful conceptual tool for exploring the multiple and contradictory landscapes of childhood and how precarity, rights and resistance are experienced generationally.
Application of a flat variational modal decomposition algorithm in fault diagnosis of rolling bearings
Authors: Li Haodong , Xu Ying , An Dong , Zhang Lixiu , Li Songhua , Shi Huaitao
Published: May 2019

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings can effectively prevent sudden accidents and is an important factor for the safe operation of mechanical systems. However, traditional time–frequency analysis techniques cannot effectively obtain the fault feature information. In this paper, a flat variational modal decomposition denoising method based on wavelet transform and variational modal decomposition is proposed to solve susceptibility of vibration signal to noise interference and easily obtain fault features. In this method, first, a series of mother wavelets with different periods are designed based on tone-burst signals, in the decomposition process of variational modal decomposition. This method is based on the designed mother wavelet along with wavelet correlation coefficient for the elimination of the components that are superfluous and frequent from each intrinsic mode function. Then, the regression coefficients of the denoise components and the original signal are calculated, and we select the corresponding components with higher regression coefficients to reconstruct the signal. The reconstructed signal is taken as the new original signal to be decomposed again by variational modal decomposition, and the relevant components are analyzed by enveloping the spectrum, so as to effectively remove noise interference and ensure accurate acquisition of fault feature frequency. We apply this method to the rolling bearing fault data and a comparative study is made with variational modal decomposition and empirical mode decomposition algorithms. The results show that the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal is improved by 77% and 44% after being processed by the flat variational modal decomposition method, compared to the empirical mode decomposition and the variational modal decomposition methods.
The disappearance of community, work and everyday life in late capitalism: Private housing advertisements from 1961 to 2011 in global Hong Kong
Authors: Choi Kimburley Wing Yee , Chan Annie Hau Nung , Chan Anita Kit Wa
Published: May 2019

Hong Kong has one of the least affordable housing markets in the world, but little is known about its housing advertisements, which constitute important discourses that shape the cultural ideal of homeownership. In many ways, Hong Kong’s property market represents that of other ‘global cities’, which are important nodes of global culture and capital flows. How do private property developers market housing in this context, where the nature of housing has developed from accommodation to investment/speculation? What can housing advertisements tell us about the nature of housing consumption, the role of the state and housing developers in a global city like Hong Kong? Using both content and textual analyses, this article presents findings from a longitudinal study of Hong Kong’s private housing newspaper advertisements between 1961 and 2011 and examines how and why representations of the ideal home have changed. Unlike the existing literature on housing advertisements which are mostly ideological critiques or socio-historical accounts of housing advertisements in consumer capitalism, our analysis utilises insights from Baudrillard’s political economy of the sign and Lipovetsky’s concept of hypermodernity. Our contextual and longitudinal analysis contributes to the existing literature by integrating temporality with the three modalities of housing consumption, that is, as living space, investment and financial speculation. We argue that from the late 1970s onwards, Hong Kong government policy actively promotes homeownership and a housing hierarchy discourse, as housing advertisements changed from emphasising functionalities and everyday living in 1961–1981, to privatised quality living in 1991–2001, and abstract living and ‘hyperindividualistic’ political subjectivity in 2011. By demonstrating the increased abstraction of living, the promotion of the hyperreal, and private housing as objects of financial speculation as evidenced in the construction of ideal homes, we illuminate key features of and inequalities associated with housing advertisements in a global city in neoliberal, late capitalism.
Longitudinal changes in left ventricular structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes: Normal weight versus overweight/obesity
Authors: Kim Seong Hwan , Sung Ki-Chul , Lee Seung Ku , Park Juri , Kim Nan Hee , Kim Sun H , Shin Chol
Published: May 2019

Objective:

Although reported to be independent of obesity, the longitudinal changes of left ventricular structure and function have not been well characterized in normal-weight individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:

A total of 558 participants in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study who underwent tissue Doppler echocardiography at baseline (cycle 4) and after 8 years (cycle 8) were classified into three groups based on body mass index and diabetes status: (1) normal-weight individuals without type 2 diabetes, (2) normal-weight individuals with type 2 diabetes and (3) overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Results:

Only overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes group had higher adjusted left ventricular mass index and lower tissue Doppler imaging early diastolic velocity and E/Em ratio compared with the normal-weight individuals without type 2 diabetes group at baseline and after 8 years. Participants in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes group also showed the higher prevalence and odds of left ventricular hypertrophy (16.0%; adjusted odds ratio: 2.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.22–5.06) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (49.1%; 3.45; 1.01–4.32). Among participants with normal left ventricular structure and function at baseline, only overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes group was associated with greater incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (relative risk: 2.28; 1.04–4.98) over 8 years but not diastolic dysfunction.

Conclusion:

Cross-sectional and longitudinal observations suggest that increasing body mass index category and its associated metabolic abnormalities at baseline are associated with an increased risk for left ventricular hypertrophy and greater impairment in left ventricular diastolic parameters.
Home blood pressure is associated with cognitive impairment among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: KAMOGAWA-HBP study
Authors: Iwai Keiko , Ushigome Emi , Matsumoto Shinobu , Kitagawa Nobuko , Ushigome Hidetaka , Yokota Isao , Asano Mai , Hamaguchi Masahide , Yamazaki Masahiro , Fukui Michiaki
Published: May 2019

Background:

This cross-sectional study was designed to examine the association between home blood pressure and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:

Home blood pressure was measured in the morning and evening for 14 consecutive days in 749 patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 231 patients were included in the study population. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Cog test, which is used as a screening for cognitive impairment in elderly patients. We performed a logistic regression analysis and measured the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and estimated home blood pressure as a marker of cognitive impairment.

Results:

The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of evening systolic blood pressure for cognitive impairment was 1.24 (1.02–1.53). Evening systolic blood pressure showed the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for cognitive impairment in both unadjusted and adjusted models. In all subgroup analyses except gender, home blood pressure showed higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than clinic blood pressure.

Conclusion:

Home blood pressure was associated with cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
Participatory Survey Data Analysis as Catalyst for Empowering Youth as School Health Change Agents
Authors: Garnett Bernice , Beattie Helen , Koller Sharon , Moore Mika , Scott Karen , Maseroni Michelle , Holmes Breena
Published: May 2019

Addressing and preventing the major health issues affecting American adolescents requires collaborative and authentic youth participation. Our current time reflects a pendulum shift toward authentic youth voice and democratic participation in school wellness and reform. In this application article, we outline and describe a youth–adult partnership curriculum to engage youth as change agents in their school community through youth-led research activities with publicly available and locally derived data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey. Getting to “Y”: Youth Bring Meaning to the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (GTY) is a positive youth development/youth participatory action research initiative, whereby students analyze their school health data and use those data as a starting point to create change in their school community. Focus groups were conducted with GTY youth and adult alumni in spring 2018. Results from the focus group data reinforce the GTY core assumptions and speak to the importance of structured opportunities for youth agency. GTY is a scalable, developmentally appropriate, resource-efficient, and empirically based curriculum that provides structured opportunities for youth-led research utilizing local Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey data as a youth–adult partnership model to increase youth agency and engagement with school/community health needs.
The consequences of unenthusiastic criminal justice reform: A special measures case study
Authors: Fairclough Samantha
Published: May 2019

This article explores the consequences of unenthusiastic criminal justice reform through the case study of special measures provision in England and Wales. These measures provide assistance to vulnerable people giving evidence in criminal trials. For witnesses other than the accused, the law’s development followed a standard process: public concern; governmental inquiries; legislation; and a period of inception to prepare for its implementation. The development of special measures for the accused did not follow this same pattern. Instead, it was gradual, ad hoc and somewhat reluctant. This article argues that the way and the context in which special measures developed for the accused has had a negative impact on the extent to which they are embedded within the criminal justice system. This, in turn, has negatively affected their uptake in practice. It is concluded that the way in which the law is reformed is important to its success in practice.
Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis: potential future trial designs
Authors: Manouchehri Navid , Zhang Yinan , Salter Amber , Hussain Rehana Z. , Hartung Hans-Peter , Hemmer Bernhard , Linker Ralf , Segal Benjamin M. , Cutter Gary , Stüve Olaf
Published: May 2019

Clinical trials of new treatments in multiple sclerosis (MS) currently require large sample sizes and long durations in order to yield reliable results. The differential responses of an already heterogeneous population of MS patients to individual disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) will further complicate future trials. MS trials with smaller samples and faster outcomes are conceivable through the substitution of current clinical and MRI outcomes with objectively measureable genomic and proteomic biomarkers. Currently, biomarkers that could be utilized for diagnosis and monitoring of MS disease activity are in the early validation phase. The power of single biomarkers or multiple correlated biomarkers to predict prognosis and response to treatment could initially be compared with currently accepted methods. These prospectively validated disease biomarkers could then be used to subcategorize the spectrum of MS patients into a finite number of endophenotypes with demonstrable different molecular pathogeneses and DMT response profiles. Newly developed DMT could potentially be assessed within specific endophenotypes and compared with pharmacogenomically relevant active comparator DMT. This approach may increase the efficiency of MS trials through homogenization of patient population and minimization of nonresponders in study groups, providing the potential for the development of targeted therapies.
Gastroenteritis outbreaks and the association of safer cleaning
Authors: Gillespie Elizabeth E , Paul Eldho , Stuart Rhonda L
Published: May 2019

Background:

Physical removal of soil rather than biocidal activity is the focus for this safer cleaning method.

Methods:

We compared 11 years of Victorian healthcare norovirus and suspected viral gastroenteritis outbreak data.

Results:

Improvements in infection control practice, including the Victorian hand hygiene program corresponds with reduced illness across Victoria during that time. Monash Health reductions are statistically significant and coincide with the implementation of a novel cleaning methodology.

Conclusion:

Cleaning without chemicals has not increased the risk of norovirus or suspected viral gastroenteritis illness at Monash Health.
Can the plasma PD-1 levels predict the presence and efficiency of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with metastatic melanoma?
Authors: Incorvaia Lorena , Badalamenti Giuseppe , Rinaldi Gaetana , Iovanna Juan Lucio , Olive Daniel , Swayden Mirna , Terruso Lidia , Vincenzi Bruno , Fulfaro Fabio , Bazan Viviana , Russo Antonio , Fanale Daniele
Published: May 2019

Background:

The immune response in melanoma patients is locally affected by presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), generally divided into brisk, nonbrisk, and absent. Several studies have shown that a greater presence of TILs, especially brisk, in primary melanoma is associated with a better prognosis and higher survival rate.

Patients and Methods:

We investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) the correlation between PD-1 levels in plasma and the presence/absence of TILs in 28 patients with metastatic melanoma.

Results:

Low plasma PD-1 levels were correlated with brisk TILs in primary melanoma, whereas intermediate values correlated with the nonbrisk TILs, and high PD-1 levels with absent TILs. Although the low number of samples did not allow us to obtain a statistically significant correlation between the plasma PD-1 levels and the patients’ overall survival depending on the absence/presence of TILs, the median survival of patients having brisk type TILs was 5 months higher than that of patients with absent and nonbrisk TILs.

Conclusions:

This work highlights the ability of measuring the plasma PD-1 levels in order to predict the prognosis of patients with untreated metastatic melanoma without a BRAF mutation at the time of diagnosis.
Clinical Approach to Flash Glucose Monitoring: An Expert Recommendation
Authors: Chico Ana , Aguilera Eva , Ampudia-Blasco Francisco Javier , Bellido Virgina , Cardona-Hernández Roque , Escalada Francisco Javier , Fernández Diego , Gómez-Peralta Fernando , González Pérez de Villar Noemí , Gorgojo Juan José , Mezquita-Raya Pedro , Morales Cristóbal , de Pablos Velasco Pedro , Palomares Rafael , Parra Juan , Rivero María Teresa , González-Blanco Cintia
Published: May 2019

The flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system FreeStyle Libre® is a device that measures interstitial glucose in a very simple way and indicates direction and speed of glucose change. This allows persons with diabetes to prevent hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events. Scientific evidence indicates that the system can improve glycemic control and quality of life. To obtain the maximum benefit, it is necessary to properly handle glucose values and trends. Due to the generalization of the system use, the purpose of the document is to provide recommendations for the optimal use of the device, not only in the management of glucose values and trends but also in the prevention of hypoglycemia, actuation in exercise, special situations, and retrospective analysis of the glucose data, among others.