bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Descripción y clasificación de los servicios de salud mental: una perspectiva europea
Authors: Johnson S. , Salvador-Carulla L. ,   Grupo EPCAT
Published: May 2020

Aunque se han realizado firmes progresos en el desarrollo y diseminación de instrumentos válidos y fiables para la evaluación de la evolución de los pacientes, los avances en el establecimiento de metodologías estándar para la descripción y clasificación de los servicios de salud mental han sido limitados. Se necesitan métodos válidos y fiables de descripción y clasificación de servicios en la investigación sobre los servicios de salud mental para fines que incluyen: i) la comparación de los niveles de provisión entre áreas de captación y países; ii) la comprensión de la relación entre los indicadores sociodemográficos y el uso de los servicios; iii) la investigación del grado en que un servicio se puede sustituir por otro; iv) la evaluación de la puesta en práctica de programas, y v) la comprensión de por qué se observan evoluciones diferentes a partir de programas de tratamiento aparentemente similares. Cuando los programas de investigación abarcan países diferentes, la necesidad de métodos para comparar los contextos de los servicios locales es particularmente aguda. En este artículo se revisan las diversas contribuciones que se han realizado al cuerpo de investigación algo fragmentado en este área, y se analizan los problemas que han obstaculizado el desarrollo de instrumentos satisfactorios. Se propone un conjunto de criterios para metodologías satisfactorias de medición de los servicios, que incluyen: el desarrollo de nomenclatura estándar y definiciones operacionales de los tipos de servicios; la demostración clara de la validez y la fiabilidad; la amplitud, y la aplicabilidad y la similitud de interpretación en diversos países.
Una comparación doble ciego de tianeptina, imipramina y placebo en el tratamiento de episodios depresivos mayores
Authors: Cassano G. B. , Heinze G. , Lôo H. , Mendlewicz J. , Paes de Sousa M. ,   en nombre del Grupo de Estudio
Published: May 2020

En el curso del desarrollo internacional de la tianeptina (T), 18 centros de Bélgica, Italia, México, Portugal, España y Suiza seleccionaron pacientes deprimidos en un estudio doble ciego de grupos paralelos frente a placebo (P) e imipramina (I). La eficacia y seguridad de la tianeptina se valoraron en 187 pacientes internos deprimidos (56% mujeres, 44% varones) que cumplían los criterios para depresión mayor, con episodio único (24,6%) o recurrente (6 6 ,8 %), o trastorno bipolar depresivo (8 ,6 %). Después de un periodo de rodaje de siete días con placebo previo a la inclusión, los pacientes recibieron tratamiento en condiciones de doble ciego con tianeptina (37,5 mg/d), imipramina (150 mg/d) o placebo durante 14 días, incluido un periodo de tres días de aumento diario de la dosis. Después del decimocuarto día y hasta el final de la sexta semana de tratamiento, se introdujo una dosis flexible de acuerdo con la eficacia terapéutica o los acontecimientos adversos potenciales (T: 25-50 mg/d; I: 100-200 mg/d; P: 2-4 cápsulas).
Global recognition of the importance of nature-based solutions to the impacts of climate change
Authors: Seddon Nathalie , Daniels Elizabeth , Davis Rowan , Chausson Alexandre , Harris Rian , Hou-Jones Xiaoting , Huq Saleemul , Kapos Valerie , Mace Georgina M. , Rizvi Ali Raza , Reid Hannah , Roe Dilys , Turner Beth , Wicander Sylvia
Published: May 2020

Non-technical summary

Ecosystems across the globe are vulnerable to the effects of climate change, as are the communities that depend on them. However, ecosystems can also protect people from climate change impacts. As the evidence base strengthens, nature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly prominent in climate change policy, especially in developing nations. Yet intentions rarely translate into measurable, evidence-based targets. As Paris Agreement signatories revise their Nationally Determined Contributions, we argue that NbS are key to meeting global goals for climate and biodiversity, and we urge researchers to work more closely with policy-makers to identify targets that benefit both people and ecosystems.
M2 Internal‐Tide Generation in STORMTIDE2
Authors: Li Zhuhua , von Storch Jin‐Song
Published: May 2020

Internal‐tide generation has been quantified using both pressure work and energy conversion. When calculating the pressure work from simulated or observed data, the internal‐tide pressure has to be decomposed from the full pressure, for which various options exist. We show that the conversion, that has to be derived from the depth‐integrated energy equations, contains the work done by both the form drag at the bottom and that at the surface, with the latter being about 1% of the former. For calculating the pressure work, the internal‐tide pressure identified as the deviation from the depth‐averaged pressure perturbation has to be used. We analyzed the work done by the bottom form drag in STORMTIDE2, a concurrent simulation of circulations and tides. As expected, the identified internal‐tide pressure reveals the characteristic pressure drop from the windward to the leeward side of an obstacle. The M2 internal‐tide generation in STORMTIDE2 is more strongly controlled by the barotropic tide than by the topographic slope, partly because the tidal velocity can change up to one order of magnitude from the top to the foot of a high ridge within a short distance, a feature only produced by a high‐resolution model. Consequently, the intense generation maps the immediate proximities of the summits of high ridges, making the global generation to be strongest near 1,200 m and decreasing drastically below 3,000 m. The depth structure of the generation differs in different basins, which could impact differently on circulations in different basins.
Impacts of Aerosol and Environmental Conditions on Maritime and Continental Deep Convective Systems Using a Bin Microphysical Model
Authors: Iguchi Takamichi , Rutledge Steven A. , Tao Wei‐Kuo , Matsui Toshi , Dolan Brenda , Lang Stephen E. , Barnum Julie
Published: May 2020

A series of model simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) loading and convective available potential energy (CAPE) on tropical maritime and midlatitude continental deep convection. Dynamical downscaling from global aerosol reanalysis was used to represent aerosol fields for the two convective regimes. We describe a control run and multiple sensitivity experiments using a limited‐area model, employing spectral‐bin cloud microphysics. The CCN loading is perturbed between the target maritime and continental conditions, roughly 40–2,000 cm−3 at 850 hPa and 1% supersaturation. Surface precipitation rates monotonically increase with increasing CCN loading for both the maritime and continental situations, while these monotonic increases are disrupted in the simulations with reduced CAPE. The increase in precipitation is in the form of convective precipitation, at the expense of stratiform precipitation. CCN increases promote increases in supercooled cloud water, in agreement with previous modeling studies. However, in the simulations investigated herein, the changes in supercooled water have different impacts on the cloud microphysics in the maritime and continental simulations. Increased supercooled water contents lead to more hail and less graupel in the continental simulation. For the maritime simulation, enhanced supercooled cloud water contents promote an increase in graupel since little or no hail is produced. This distinction is due to the difference in relative magnitudes and peak altitudes of supercooled water and snow amounts, which is further attributable to moisture and dynamical differences in the two cases.
Historical Simulations With HadGEM3‐GC3.1 for CMIP6
Authors: Andrews Martin B. , Ridley Jeff K. , Wood Richard A. , Andrews Timothy , Blockley Edward W. , Booth Ben , Burke Eleanor , Dittus Andrea J. , Florek Piotr , Gray Lesley J. , Haddad Stephen , Hardiman Steven C. , Hermanson Leon , Hodson Dan , Hogan Emma , Jones Gareth S. , Knight Jeff R. , Kuhlbrodt Till , Misios Stergios , Mizielinski Matthew S. , Ringer Mark A. , Robson Jon , Sutton Rowan T.
Published: May 2020

We describe and evaluate historical simulations which use the third Hadley Centre Global Environment Model in the Global Coupled configuration 3.1 (HadGEM3‐GC3.1) and which form part of the UK's contribution to the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, CMIP6. These simulations, run at two resolutions, respond to historically evolving forcings such as greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar irradiance, volcanic aerosols, land use, and ozone concentrations. We assess the response of the simulations to these historical forcings and compare against the observational record. This includes the evolution of global mean surface temperature, ocean heat content, sea ice extent, ice sheet mass balance, permafrost extent, snow cover, North Atlantic sea surface temperature and circulation, and decadal precipitation. We find that the simulated time evolution of global mean surface temperature broadly follows the observed record but with important quantitative differences which we find are most likely attributable to strong effective radiative forcing from anthropogenic aerosols and a weak pattern of sea surface temperature response in the low to middle latitudes to volcanic eruptions. We also find evidence that anthropogenic aerosol forcings play a role in driving the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which are key features of the North Atlantic ocean. Overall, the model historical simulations show many features in common with the observed record over the period 1850–2014 and so provide a basis for future in‐depth study of recent climate change.
Health Impact Assessment of Volcanic Ash Inhalation: A Comparison With Outdoor Air Pollution Methods
Authors: Mueller William , Cowie Hilary , Horwell Claire J. , Hurley Fintan , Baxter Peter J.
Published: May 2020

This paper critically appraises the extrapolation of concentration‐response functions (CRFs) for fine and coarse particulate matter, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, used in outdoor air pollution health impact assessment (HIA) studies to assess the extent of health impacts in communities exposed to volcanic emissions. Treating volcanic ash as PM, we (1) consider existing models for HIA for general outdoor PM, (2) identify documented health effects from exposure to ash in volcanic eruptions, (3) discuss potential issues of applying CRFs based on the composition and concentration of ash‐related PM, and (4) critically review available case studies of volcanic exposure scenarios utilizing HIA for outdoor air pollution. We identify a number of small‐scale studies focusing on populations exposed to volcanic ash; exposure is rarely quantified, and there is limited evidence concerning the health effects of PM from volcanic eruptions. That limited evidence is, however, consistent with the CRFs typically used for outdoor air pollution HIA. Two health assessments of exposure to volcanic emissions have been published using population‐ and occupational‐based CRFs, though each application entails distinct assumptions and limitations. We conclude that the best available strategy, at present, is to apply outdoor air pollution risk estimates to scenarios involving volcanic ash emissions for the purposes of HIA. However, due to the knowledge gaps on, for example, the health effects from exposure to volcanic ash and differences in ash composition, there is inherent uncertainty in this application. To conclude, we suggest actions to enable better prediction and assessment of health impacts of volcanic emissions.
Fish oil supplementation reduces maternal defensive inflammation and predicts a gut bacteriome with reduced immune priming capacity in infants
Authors: Quin Candice , Vollman Deanna M , Ghosh Sanjoy , Haskey Natasha , Estaki Mehrbod , Pither Jason , Barnett Jacqueline A , Jay Michael N , Birnie Blake W , Gibson Deanna L
Published: May 2020

Habitual supplementation of fish oil is thought to provide benefits to the developing infant; however, the effects on infant microbial establishment and immune development are unknown. A 6-month observational cohort study was conducted where 47 out of 91 women self-administered dietary fish oil during breastfeeding. Infant stool and mothers’ breast milk were collected each month over 6 months. Gas chromatography was used to quantify breast milk fatty acids and high-throughput sequencing was used to assess the infant fecal microbiota. Immune markers and parent-reported questionnaires were used to assess infant immunity and health up to 2 years. Our results reveal that fish oil supplementation decreased secretory immunoglobulin A and increased IL-10 production in lactating women along with increased breast milk eicosapentaenoic acid, and this corresponded to increased abundances of fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. in their infants. Docosahexaenoic acid levels in breast milk aligned with decreases in infant gut bacterial richness and the predicted bacterial phenotypes suggested that fish oil lowers commensal traits involved in pathogen colonization resistance. Despite this, there were no differences in sickness incidence in toddlers. This study revealed that fish oil associates with decreases in breast milk defensive inflammatory responses and corresponds with infant fecal microbiota with anti-inflammatory potential.
The hidden chemolithoautotrophic metabolism of Geobacter sulfurreducens uncovered by adaptation to formate
Authors: Zhang Tian , Shi Xiao-Chen , Ding Ran , Xu Kai , Tremblay Pier-Luc
Published: May 2020

Multiple Fe(III)-reducing Geobacter species including the model Geobacter sulfurreducens are thought to be incapable of carbon dioxide fixation. The discovery of the reversed oxidative tricarboxylic acid cycle (roTCA) for CO2 reduction with citrate synthase as key enzyme raises the possibility that G. sulfurreducens harbors the metabolic potential for chemolithoautotrophic growth. We investigate this hypothesis by transferring G. sulfurreducens PCA serially with Fe(III) as electron acceptor and formate as electron donor and carbon source. The evolved strain T17-3 grew chemolithoautotrophically with a 2.7-fold population increase over 48 h and a Fe(III) reduction rate of 417.5 μM h−1. T17-3 also grew with CO2 as carbon source. Mutations in T17-3 and enzymatic assays point to an adaptation process where the succinyl-CoA synthetase, which is inactive in the wild-type, became active to complete the roTCA cycle. Deletion of the genes coding for the succinyl-CoA synthetase in T17-3 prevented growth with formate as substrate. Enzymatic assays also showed that the citrate synthase can perform the necessary cleavage of citrate for the functional roTCA cycle. These results demonstrate that G. sulfurreducens after adaptation reduced CO2 via the roTCA cycle. This previously hidden metabolism can be harnessed for biotechnological applications and suggests hidden ecological functions for Geobacter.
Association between the National Cancer Screening Programme (NSCP) for gastric cancer and oesophageal cancer mortality
Authors: Kim Jie-Hyun , Han Kyung-Do , Lee Jung Kuk , Kim Hyun-Soo , Cha Jae Myung , Park Sohee , Kim Joo Sung , Kim Won Ho ,   for the Big Data Research Group (BDRG) of the Korean Society of Gastroenterology (KSG)
Published: May 2020

Background

The aim was to evaluate whether this gastric cancer-screening programme was effective in reducing oesophageal cancer mortality.

Methods

A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Cancer Screening Programme (NCSP) database. The study cohort comprised 16,969 oesophageal cancer patients who had been diagnosed in 2007–2014. We analysed the association between the history of NSCP for gastric cancer and oesophageal cancer mortality.

Results

Compared with never-screened subjects, ever-screened subjects had an overall HR for oesophageal cancer mortality of 0.647 (95% CI, 0.617–0.679). According to the time interval since screening, the HRs of death were 0.731 (95% CI, 0.667–0.801) for 6–11 months, 0.635 (95% CI, 0.594–0.679) for 12–23 months, 0.564 (95% CI, 0.522–0.610) for 24–35 months and 0.742 (95% CI, 0.679–0.810) for ≥36 months. According to the last screening modality, the HRs of death were 0.497 (95% CI, 0.464–0.531) for upper endoscopy, and 0.792 (95% CI, 0.749–0.838) for UGIS. Upper endoscopy reduced the mortality consistently in all age groups over 50 years, whereas UGIS could not.

Conclusion

The NCSP for gastric cancer was effective in reducing the mortality of oesophageal cancer, and upper endoscopy was superior to UGIS.
Interlayer quantum transport in Dirac semimetal BaGa2
Authors: Xu Sheng , Bao Changhua , Guo Peng-Jie , Wang Yi-Yan , Yu Qiao-He , Sun Lin-Lin , Su Yuan , Liu Kai , Lu Zhong-Yi , Zhou Shuyun , Xia Tian-Long
Published: May 2020

The quantum limit is quite easy to achieve once the band crossing exists exactly at the Fermi level (EF) in topological semimetals. In multilayered Dirac fermion systems, the density of Dirac fermions on the zeroth Landau levels (LLs) increases in proportion to the magnetic field, resulting in intriguing angle- and field-dependent interlayer tunneling conductivity near the quantum limit. BaGa2 is an example of a multilayered Dirac semimetal with its quasi-2D Dirac cone located at EF, providing a good platform to study its interlayer transport properties. In this paper, we report the negative interlayer magnetoresistance induced by the tunneling of Dirac fermions between the zeroth LLs of neighboring Ga layers in BaGa2. When the field deviates from the c-axis, the interlayer resistivity ρzz(θ) increases and finally results in a peak with the applied field perpendicular to the c-axis. These unusual interlayer transport properties are observed together in the Dirac semimetal under ambient pressure and are well explained by the model of tunneling between Dirac fermions in the quantum limit.
Hepatocyte mitochondria-derived danger signals directly activate hepatic stellate cells and drive progression of liver fibrosis
Authors: An Ping , Wei Lin-Lin , Zhao Shuangshuang , Sverdlov Deanna Y. , Vaid Kahini A. , Miyamoto Makoto , Kuramitsu Kaori , Lai Michelle , Popov Yury V.
Published: May 2020

Due to their bacterial ancestry, many components of mitochondria share structural similarities with bacteria. Release of molecular danger signals from injured cell mitochondria (mitochondria-derived damage-associated molecular patterns, mito-DAMPs) triggers a potent inflammatory response, but their role in fibrosis is unknown. Using liver fibrosis resistant/susceptible mouse strain system, we demonstrate that mito-DAMPs released from injured hepatocyte mitochondria (with mtDNA as major active component) directly activate hepatic stellate cells, the fibrogenic cell in the liver, and drive liver scarring. The release of mito-DAMPs is controlled by efferocytosis of dying hepatocytes by phagocytic resident liver macrophages and infiltrating Gr-1(+) myeloid cells. Circulating mito-DAMPs are markedly increased in human patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and significant liver fibrosis. Our study identifies specific pathway driving liver fibrosis, with important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Targeting mito-DAMP release from hepatocytes and/or modulating the phagocytic function of macrophages represents a promising antifibrotic strategy.
Massive peatland carbon banks vulnerable to rising temperatures
Authors: Hopple A. M. , Wilson R. M. , Kolton M. , Zalman C. A. , Chanton J. P. , Kostka J. , Hanson P. J. , Keller J. K. , Bridgham S. D.
Published: May 2020

Peatlands contain one-third of the world’s soil carbon (C). If destabilized, decomposition of this vast C bank could accelerate climate warming; however, the likelihood of this outcome remains unknown. Here, we examine peatland C stability through five years of whole-ecosystem warming and two years of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2). Warming exponentially increased methane (CH4) emissions and enhanced CH4production rates throughout the entire soil profile; although surface CH4production rates remain much greater than those at depth. Additionally, older deeper C sources played a larger role in decomposition following prolonged warming. Most troubling, decreases in CO2:CH4ratios in gas production, porewater concentrations, and emissions, indicate that the peatland is becoming more methanogenic with warming. We observed limited evidence of eCO2effects. Our results suggest that ecosystem responses are largely driven by surface peat, but that the vast C bank at depth in peatlands is responsive to prolonged warming.
Corrosion interactions between stainless steel and lead vanado-iodoapatite nuclear waste form part I
Authors: Guo Xiaolei , Wang Yachun , Yao Tiankai , Mohanty Chandi , Lian Jie , Frankel Gerald S.
Published: May 2020

This study explores the corrosion interactions between a metallic canister material, stainless steel (SS) 316, and an I-bearing ceramic waste form, lead vanado-iodoapatite (I-APT, Pb9.85(VO4)6I1.7), in a chloride solution. Crevice corrosion of the SS in close proximity to the I-APT resulted in the development of an aggressive environment at the interface of the two materials, which was acidic and enriched in Cl−anions. I-APT also corroded in the crevice region, primarily through ion-exchange between the I−ions from the I-APT matrix and anions from the environment. The enrichment of Cl−anions within the occluded crevice space as the result of SS crevice corrosion enhanced the corrosion of I-APT. The release of iodine from this apatite waste form could be accelerated owing to this mechanism. This is evidenced by a depletion of iodine from the I-APT matrix and a large amount of Cl-bearing precipitates on the surfaces of both SS and I-APT. On the other hand, the corrosion of I-APT leads to the precipitation of a V- and Pb-rich layer, which inhibits the localized corrosion of SS to an extent. This study advances the understanding of the near-field corrosion interactions between metallic canisters and ceramic waste forms.
Author Correction: Genomic prediction and GWAS of yield, quality and disease-related traits in spring barley and winter wheat
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Yuan , Janss Luc L. , Andersen Jeppe R. , Orabi Jihad , Jensen Jens D. , Jahoor Ahmed , Jensen Just
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Effect of water soluble humic acid applied to potato foliage on plant growth, photosynthesis characteristics and fresh tuber yield under different water deficits
Authors: Man-hong Yang , Lei Zhang , Sheng-tao Xu , McLaughlin Neil B. , Jing-hui Liu
Published: May 2020

Water scarcity is the main limiting factor in agricultural crop production in arid and semi-arid areas in northern China. Humic acid could improve the plant resistance to mitigate the abiotic drought damages, which is a potential strategy to improve the crop production in these regions. An experiment to investigate the effect of water soluble humic acid on plant growth, photosynthesis characteristics and fresh tuber yield of potato under different water deficits was carried out under greenhouse conditions in 2014 and 2015. Treatments included foliar application of fresh water (FW), humic acid diluted with water 500 times (HA) and control (CK), and the water deficits included 45%, 60% and 75% of the field water holding capacity. The HA treatment showed highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect on dry biomass, root/shoot ratio and photosynthesis parameters, improved the dry biomass above ground (DM-AG) by 14.12–36.63%, 11.62–36.26% and 7.85–20.85% over the whole growing season at water deficits of 45%, 60% and 75% of the field water holding capacity respectively in 2014 and 2015; decreased the root/shoot (R/S) ratio in the early growing season and increased the R/S ratio in the later growing season; showed an improved effect on leaf soil plant analysis development (SPAD), photosynthesis rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) and decreased transpiration rate (Tr) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) compared with the control. HA usually showed a better effect on photosynthesis parameters in 60% of the field water holding capacity than 45% and 75% except on Pn. Compared with control, HA increased fresh tuber yield by 34.47–63.48%, 35.95–37.28% and 23.37–27.15% at 45%, 60% and 75% of the field water holding capacity respectively. HA enhanced the potato plant growth, and improved photosynthesis parameters and fresh tuber yield under different water deficits under green house conditions, and represents an opportunity to improve crop production and sustainability of agriculture in arid and semiarid regions.
Biopolymer-coated gold nanoparticles inhibit human insulin amyloid fibrillation
Authors: Meesaragandla Brahmaiah , Karanth Sanjai , Janke Una , Delcea Mihaela
Published: May 2020

Deposits of protein misfolding and/or aggregates are a pathological hallmark of amyloid-related diseases. For instance, insulin amyloid fibril deposits have been observed in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after insulin administration. Here, we report on the use of AuNPs functionalized with linear- (i.e. dextrin and chitosan) and branched- (i.e. dextran-40 and dextran-10) biopolymers as potential agents to inhibit insulin fibril formation. Our dynamic light scattering analyses showed a size decrease of the amyloid fibrils in the presence of functionalized AuNPs. Circular dichroism spectroscopy as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data demonstrated that the secondary structural transition from α-helix to β-sheet (which is characteristic for insulin amyloid fibril formation) was significantly suppressed by all biopolymer-coated AuNPs, and in particular, by those functionalized with linear biopolymers. Both transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses showed that the long thick amyloid fibrils formed by insulin alone become shorter, thinner or cluster when incubated with biopolymer-coated AuNPs. Dextrin- and chitosan-coated AuNPs were found to be the best inhibitors of the fibril formation. Based on these results, we propose a mechanism for the inhibition of insulin amyloid fibrils: biopolymer-coated AuNPsstrongly interact with the insulin monomers and inhibit the oligomer formation as well as elongation of the protofibrils.Moreover, cytotoxicity experiments showed that AuNP-insulin amyloid fibrils are less toxic compared to insulin amyloid fibrils alone. Our results suggest that both dextrin- and chitosan-AuNPs could be used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of amyloid-related disorders.
Theoretical analysis and experiment of pressure distribution and pressure gradient of shield screw conveyor: Taking sandy soil as an example
Authors: Li Xingchun , Yang Yi , Jin Dalong , Li Xinggao
Published: May 2020

The pressure distribution and pressure gradient characteristics of shield screw conveyor directly affect its normal function. Taking the conditioned soil microelements in the spiral tube as the research object, the pressure field distribution and pressure gradient theoretical calculation model of the shield screw machine were established based on the stress analysis and the mechanical equilibrium conditions at steady state and the influence parameters were analyzed. The correctness and validity of the proposed calculation model are verified by the experimental results of the indoor model machine. Under the condition that the conditioned soil is the plastic fluid paste, the conclusion that the pressure field and pressure gradient of the shield screw machine decrease linearly along the direction of the screw axis is also obtained.
Noise-resolution uncertainty principle in classical and quantum systems
Authors: Gureyev Timur E. , Kozlov Alexander , Paganin David M. , Nesterets Yakov I. , Quiney Harry M.
Published: May 2020

We show that the width of an arbitrary function and the width of the distribution of its values cannot be made arbitrarily small simultaneously. In the case of ergodic stochastic processes, an ensuing uncertainty relationship is then demonstrated for the product of correlation length and variance. A closely related uncertainty principle is also established for the average degree of fourth-order coherence and the spatial width of modes of bosonic quantum fields. However, it is shown that, in the case of stochastic and quantum observables, certain non-classical states with sub-Poissonian statistics, such as for example photon number squeezed states in quantum optics, can overcome the “classical” noise-resolution uncertainty limit. This uncertainty relationship, which is fundamentally different from the Heisenberg and related uncertainty principles, can define an upper limit for the information capacity of communication and imaging systems. It is expected to be useful in a variety of problems in classical and quantum optics and imaging.
Mitochondrial DNA alterations may influence the cisplatin responsiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Aminuddin Amnani , Ng Pei Yuen , Leong Chee-Onn , Chua Eng Wee
Published: May 2020

Cisplatin is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the intrinsic or acquired resistance against cisplatin remains a major obstacle to treatment efficacy in OSCC. Recently, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations have been reported in a variety of cancers. However, the role of mtDNA alterations in OSCC has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between mtDNA alterations (mtDNA content, point mutations, large-scale deletions, and methylation status) and cisplatin sensitivity using two OSCC cell lines, namely SAS and H103, and stem cell-like tumour spheres derived from SAS. By microarray analysis, we found that the tumour spheres profited from aberrant lipid and glucose metabolism and became resistant to cisplatin. By qPCR analysis, we found that the cells with less mtDNA were less responsive to cisplatin (H103 and the tumour spheres). Based on the findings, we theorised that the metabolic changes in the tumour spheres probably resulted in mtDNA depletion, as the cells suppressed mitochondrial respiration and switched to an alternative mode of energy production,i.e. glycolysis. Then, to ascertain the origin of the variation in mtDNA content, we used MinION, a nanopore sequencer, to sequence the mitochondrial genomes of H103, SAS, and the tumour spheres. We found that the lower cisplatin sensitivity of H103 could have been caused by a constellation of genetic and epigenetic changes in its mitochondrial genome. Future work may look into how changes in mtDNA translate into an impact on cell function and therefore cisplatin response.
Publisher Correction: The genetic legacy of extreme exploitation in a polar vertebrate
Authors: Paijmans Anneke J. , Stoffel Martin A. , Bester Marthán N. , Cleary Alison C. , De Bruyn P. J. Nico , Forcada Jaume , Goebel Michael E. , Goldsworthy Simon D. , Guinet Christophe , Lydersen Christian , Kovacs Kit M. , Lowther Andrew , Hoffman Joseph I.
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
High Circular Polarized Nanolaser with Chiral Gammadion Metal Cavity
Authors: Yu Cheng-Li , Hsiao Yu-Hao , Chang Chiao-Yun , Cheng Pi-Ju , Lin Hsiang-Ting , Lai Ming-Sheng , Kuo Hao-Chung , Chang Shu-Wei , Shih Min-Hsiung
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate a circularly polarized laser with the metal-gallium-nitride gammadion nanocavities. The ultraviolet lasing signal was observed with the high circular dichroism at room temperature under pulsed optical pump conditions. Without external magnetism which breaks the time-reversal symmetry to favor optical transitions of a chosen handedness, the coherent outputs of these chiral nanolasers show a dissymmetry factor as high as 1.1. The small footprint of these lasers are advantageous for applications related to circularly polarized photons in future integrated systems, in contrast to the bulky setup of linearly-polarized lasers and quarter-wave plates.
Author Correction: A soluble truncated tau species related to cognitive dysfunction is elevated in the brain of cognitively impaired human individuals
Authors: Liu Peng , Smith Benjamin R. , Montonye Michelle L. , Kemper Lisa J. , Leinonen-Wright Kailee , Nelson Kathryn M. , Higgins LeeAnn , Guerrero Candace R. , Markowski Todd W. , Zhao Xiaohui , Petersen Ashley J. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Ashe Karen H.
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
ENTH domain-dependent membrane remodelling
Authors: Steinem Claudia , Meinecke Michael
Published: May 2020

Cellular membranes are anything but flat structures.
Perfluorosulfonic acid polymer based eATRP for ultrasensitive detection of CYFRA21-1 DNA
Authors: Hu Kai , Cheng Jiamin , Li Jinge , Ye Shan , Yang Huaixia , Liu Yanju , Kong Jinming
Published: May 2020

The sensitive detection of biomarker cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is crucial for early diagnosis and screening of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
A reduction and pH dual-sensitive nanodrug for targeted theranostics in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cai Mingyue , Li Bo , Lin Liteng , Huang Jingjun , An Yongcheng , Huang Wensou , Zhou Zhimei , Wang Yong , Shuai Xintao , Zhu Kangshun
Published: May 2020

A novel reduction and pH dual-sensitive micelle was constructed to efficiently co-deliver sorafenib and SPIONs for targeted theranostics in hepatocellular carcinoma.
An in vitro and in vivo comparison of Mg(OH)2-, MgF2- and HA-coated Mg in degradation and osteointegration
Authors: Cheng Shi , Wang Wanshun , Wang Donghui , Li Binglin , Zhou Jielong , Zhang Dongdong , Liu Lidan , Peng Feng , Liu Xuanyong , Zhang Yu
Published: May 2020

HA film shows favorable in vivo osteogenesis and osteointegration, while MgF2 film shows favorable in vitro osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic behavior.
Solution XANES and EXAFS analysis of active species of titanium, vanadium complex catalysts in ethylene polymerisation/dimerisation and syndiospecific styrene polymerisation
Authors: Yi Jun , Nakatani Naoki , Nomura Kotohiro
Published: May 2020

Mechanistic studies through the solution XANES and EXAFS analysis for V and Ti complex catalysed ethylene polymerisation/dimerization, and syndiospecific styrene polymerisation, including interpretation of the XANES spectra, have been introduced.
Two-dimensional Dirac spin-gapless semiconductors with tunable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a robust quantum anomalous Hall effect
Authors: Sun Qilong , Ma Yandong , Kioussis Nicholas
Published: May 2020

A 2D ferromagnetic Fe2I2 layer with a robust QAH effect towards the low-power switching of PMA in multiferroic Fe2I2/BaTiO3 bilayers.
An interlayer composed of a porous carbon sheet embedded with TiO2 nanoparticles for stable and high rate lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Jiang Yushan , Deng Yaqian , Zhang Bin , Hua Wuxing , Wang Xinliang , Qi Qi , Lin Qiaowei , Lv Wei
Published: May 2020

An interlayer favoring Li ion diffusion and polysulfide blocking for Li–S batteries was fabricated by using porous carbon nanosheets embedded with TiO2 nanoparticles.
Low-temperature wet chemistry synthetic approaches towards ferrites
Authors: Diodati Stefano , Walton Richard I. , Mascotto Simone , Gross Silvia
Published: May 2020

Solution chemistry allows the crystallisation of range of iron oxides, including MFe2O4spinels, MFeO3perovskites and hexaferrites, such as BaFe12O19, with nanoscale crystallinity and properties suitable for fields such as catalysis and electronics.
Correction: Regulation of nitrogen dynamics at the sediment–water interface during HAB degradation and subsequent reoccurrence
Authors: Sima Weiping , Hu Meijuan , He Qiang , Qiu Yixi , Lv Yitao , Dai Lichun , Shao Qingwei , Zhou Tao , Li Hong , Zhou Manyu , Ai Hainan , Zhan Hao
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘Regulation of nitrogen dynamics at the sediment–water interface during HAB degradation and subsequent reoccurrence’ by Weiping Sima et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 13480–13488, DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10673a.
Correction: Synthesis and model simulation of the hexagonal to circular transition of perovskite cesium lead halide nanosheets by rapidly changing the temperature
Authors: Lin Zhong-Hai , Gao Fei , Chen Hong , Lei Jia-Yi , Yang Zhi , Cai Jun-Wei , Wang Ping-Jian , Wang Min-Qiang
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘Synthesis and model simulation of the hexagonal to circular transition of perovskite cesium lead halide nanosheets by rapidly changing the temperature’ by Zhong-Hai Lin et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 4211–4217, DOI: 10.1039/C9RA10312K.
Correction: Sonochemical synthesis of polyoxometalate-stabilized gold nanoparticles for point-of-care determination of acetaminophen levels: preclinical study in an animal model
Authors: Bastami Tahereh Rohani , Ghaedi Abolphazl , Mitchell Scott G. , Javadian-Saraf Aida , Karimi Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘Sonochemical synthesis of polyoxometalate-stabilized gold nanoparticles for point-of-care determination of acetaminophen levels: preclinical study in an animal model’ by Tahereh Rohani Bastami et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 16805–16816, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA00931H.
Colossal thermoelectric enhancement in Cu2+xZn1−xSnS4 solid solution by local disordering of crystal lattice and multi-scale defect engineering
Authors: Jiang Qinghui , Yan Haixue , Lin Yuanhua , Shen Yang , Yang Junyou , Reece Michael J.
Published: May 2020

Synergistic effects of Cu self-doping and hot forging of Cu2ZnSnS4 realize the decoupling of thermal and electric transport. And hot forging produces defects on different length scales and effectively optimize the electric and thermal conductivities.
Atomically thin mesoporous NiCo2O4 grown on holey graphene for enhanced pseudocapacitive energy storage
Authors: Yuan Ding , Dou Yuhai , Xu Li , Yu Linping , Cheng Ningyan , Xia Qingbing , Hencz Luke , Ma Jianmin , Dou Shi Xue , Zhang Shanqing
Published: May 2020

Pseudocapacitive charge storage at the surface/interface of atomically thin mesoporous heterostructures is promising for achieving both high energy density and high power density in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
Plasmonic nanocatalysis for solar energy harvesting and sustainable chemistry
Authors: Dhiman Mahak
Published: May 2020

This review discusses the role of plasmonic nanocatalysts in organic transformations and their potential for developing sustainable catalytic processes.
Sheet-dot-framework membrane towards efficient proton conduction and outstanding stability
Authors: Lin Jianlong , Dang Jingchuan , Zhou Guoli , Wu Wenjia , Liu Yarong , Zhang Yafang , Wang Jingtao
Published: May 2020

A sheet-dot-framework membrane with cross-layer proton transfer pathways and an ordered covalent framework permits excellent proton conduction and stability.
Cell membrane-engineered hybrid soft nanocomposites for biomedical applications
Authors: Li Yuzhen , Gan Yingying , Li Chengnan , Yang Yi Yan , Yuan Peiyan , Ding Xin
Published: May 2020

An overview of various cell membrane-engineered hybrid soft nanocomposites for medical applications.
Culture and differentiation of purified human adipose-derived stem cells by membrane filtration via nylon mesh filters
Authors: Pan Jiandong , Lee Yu-Chun , Lee Henry Hsin-Chung , Sung Tzu-Cheng , Jen Shih Hsi , Ban Lee-Kiat , Su Her-Young , Chen Da-chun , Hsu Shih-Tien , Higuchi Akon , Chen Hao
Published: May 2020

Human adipose derived stem cells purified by the membrane migration method through filter membranes coated with vitronectin showed high osteogenic differentiation.
An 850 nm pure near-infrared emitting iridium complex for solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Yanxin , Li Qian , Cai Minghan , Xue Jie , Qiao Juan
Published: May 2020

The first example of an iridium(iii) emitter in pure near-infrared OLEDs with an emission peak at 850 nm and full emission over 700 nm.
The XMM deep survey in the CDFS
Authors: Iwasawa K. , Comastri A. , Vignali C. , Gilli R. , Lanzuisi G. , Brandt W. N. , Tozzi P. , Brusa M. , Carrera F. J. , Ranalli P. , Mainieri V. , Georgantopoulos I. , Puccetti S. , Paolillo M.
Published: May 2020

We present the X-ray spectra of 185 bright sources detected in the XMM-Newton deep survey of the Chandra Deep Field South with the three EPIC cameras combined. The 2–10 keV flux limit of the sample is 2 × 10−15 erg s−1 cm−2. The sources are distributed over a redshift range of z = 0.1−3.8, with 11 new X-ray redshift measurements included. A spectral analysis was performed using a simple model to obtain absorbing column densities, rest-frame 2–10 keV luminosities, and Fe K line properties of 180 sources at z >  0.4. Obscured AGN are found to be more abundant toward higher redshifts. Using the XMM-Newton data alone, seven Compton-thick AGN candidates were identified, which set the Compton-thick AGN fraction at ≃4%. An exploratory spectral inspection method with two rest-frame X-ray colours and an Fe line strength indicator was introduced and tested against the results from spectral fitting. This method works reasonably well to characterise a spectral shape and can be useful for a pre-selection of Compton-thick AGN candidates. We found six objects exhibiting broad Fe K lines out of 21 unobscured AGN of best data quality, implying a detection rate of ∼30%. Five redshift spikes, each with more than six sources, are identified in the redshift distribution of the X-ray sources. Contrary to the overall trend, the sources at the two higher redshift spikes, at z = 1.61 and z = 2.57, exhibit a puzzlingly low obscuration.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Hintz D. , Fuhrmeister B. , Czesla S. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. , Schweitzer A. , Nagel E. , Johnson E. N. , Caballero J. A. , Zechmeister M. , Jeffers S. V. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Amado P. J. , Quirrenbach A. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Bauer F. F. , Béjar V. J. S. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Dreizler S. , Galadí-Enríquez D. , Guenther E. W. , Hauschildt P. H. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , López del Fresno M. , Montes D. , Morales J. C.
Published: May 2020

The He I infrared (IR) line at a vacuum wavelength of 10 833 Å is a diagnostic for the investigation of atmospheres of stars and planets orbiting them. For the first time, we study the behavior of the He I IR line in a set of chromospheric models for M-dwarf stars, whose much denser chromospheres may favor collisions for the level population over photoionization and recombination, which are believed to be dominant in solar-type stars. For this purpose, we use published PHOENIX models for stars of spectral types M2 V and M3 V and also compute new series of models with different levels of activity following an ansatz developed for the case of the Sun. We perform a detailed analysis of the behavior of the He I IR line within these models. We evaluate the line in relation to other chromospheric lines and also the influence of the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation field. The analysis of the He I IR line strengths as a function of the respective EUV radiation field strengths suggests that the mechanism of photoionization and recombination is necessary to form the line for inactive models, while collisions start to play a role in our most active models. Moreover, the published model set, which is optimized in the ranges of the Na I D2, Hα, and the bluest Ca II IR triplet line, gives an adequate prediction of the He I IR line for most stars of the stellar sample. Because especially the most inactive stars with weak He I IR lines are fit worst by our models, it seems that our assumption of a 100% filling factor of a single inactive component no longer holds for these stars.
An improved test of the strong equivalence principle with the pulsar in a triple star system
Authors: Voisin G. , Cognard I. , Freire P. C. C. , Wex N. , Guillemot L. , Desvignes G. , Kramer M. , Theureau G.
Published: May 2020

Context.The gravitational strong equivalence principle (SEP) is a cornerstone of the general theory of relativity (GR). Hence, testing the validity of SEP is of great importance when confronting GR, or its alternatives, with experimental data. Pulsars that are orbited by white dwarf companions provide an excellent laboratory, where the extreme difference in binding energy between neutron stars and white dwarfs allows for precision tests of the SEP via the technique of radio pulsar timing.

Aims.To date, the best limit on the validity of SEP under strong-field conditions was obtained with a unique pulsar in a triple stellar system, PSR J0337+1715. We report here on an improvement of this test using an independent data set acquired over a period of 6 years with the Nançay radio telescope. The improvements arise from a uniformly sampled data set, a theoretical analysis, and a treatment that fixes some short-comings in the previously published results, leading to better precision and reliability of the test.

Methods.In contrast to the previously published test, we use a different long-term timing data set, developed a new timing model and an independent numerical integration of the motion of the system, and determined the masses and orbital parameters with a different methodology that treats the parameter Δ, describing a possible strong-field SEP violation, identically to all other parameters.

Results.We obtain a violation parameter Δ = ( + 0.5 ± 1.8) × 10−6at 95% confidence level, which is compatible with and improves upon the previous study by 30%. This result is statistics-limited and avoids limitation by systematics as previously encountered. We find evidence for red noise in the pulsar spin frequency, which is responsible for up to 10% of the reported uncertainty. We use the improved limit on SEP violation to place constraints on a class of well-studied scalar-tensor theories, in particular we findωBD >  140 000 for the Brans-Dicke parameter. The conservative limits presented here fully take into account current uncertainties in the equation for state of neutron-star matter.
Quick retrieval of effective electromagnetic metamaterial parameters by using a Multi-fidelity Surrogate Modelling approach
Authors: Angiulli Giovanni , Versaci Mario , Calcagno Salvatore , Di Barba Paolo
Published: May 2020

Electromagnetic metamaterials (MMs) are artificial composites that exhibit exceptional physical characteristics. Their design, which relies on the retrieving of the effective medium parameters, is usually a very time-consuming process because of the high number of full-wave simulations involved in this task. To alleviate the related computational burden, we propose to use a Multi-fidelity Surrogate Modelling (MFSM) approach. Numerical results demonstrate that this methodology turns out to be promising for a quick evaluation of the scattering parameters from which the effective constitutive parameters of a MM are retrieved, as shown by two numerical examples.
Electronic system for activating ions in biological structures
Authors: Chudorliński Jerzy , Książek Leszek , Prystupiuk Piotr
Published: May 2020

The article presents the biological aspects of the interaction of magnetic fields on living organisms, the types of signals used for therapy and physical rehabilitation, and the method of their preparation. The controller generating the therapy signals, equipped with a touch panel, is presented and its functions are discussed.