bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental mediation of the Internet use of Primary students: beliefs, strategies and difficulties
Authors: Bartau-Rojas Isabel , Aierbe-Barandiaran Ana , Oregui-González Eider
Published: November 2017

The use of the Internet by children at an increasingly early age today constitutes a major challenge for families and schools, as well as affecting educational and social policy. This is a qualitative piece of research that analyzes parents’ beliefs, everyday practices and the difficulties they face in teaching their children the benefits and risks inherent in Internet use. The researchers used the discussion group technique, with four groups of parents of primary school children from four different schools. The results indicate that they share a pessimistic rather than an optimistic attitude towards Internet use among children in this age group, and perceive a number of difficulties when trying to foster children's responsible use of Internet. A wide range of parental control and mediation strategies were identified (laying down rules, organization of time and space for Internet use, limits and supervision (direct, agreedupon, non agreedupon and technical), along with various support strategies (parent and sibling modeling, diverse teaching strategies for stimulation and family communication) which, with the exception of technical supervision, they often use to educate their children and control their behavior in other areas, and which form part of their general parenting style. The conclusions point to the need to develop digital competence among parents, and there is some justification for educational intervention such as in promoting collaboration between families and schools.

El uso de Internet de los niños y las niñas a edades cada vez más tempranas constituye un reto para las familias, las escuelas y la política educativa y social en la actualidad. Se presenta una investigación cualitativa cuyo objetivo es analizar las creencias, prácticas cotidianas y dificultades que afrontan los padres y las madres cuando tratan de enseñar a sus hijos e hijas los beneficios y riesgos de Internet. Se ha utilizado la técnica de los grupos de discusión con cuatro grupos de madres y padres de alumnado de Educación Primaria de cuatro centros educativos. Los resultados indican que comparten una concepción más pesimista que optimista sobre el uso de Internet a estas edades y que perciben diversas dificultades cuando tratan de promover su uso responsable. Se identifican diversas estrategias de mediación parental de control: establecimiento de normas, organización espaciotemporal de límites y supervisión (presencial directa, consensuada, no consensuada y técnica) y de apoyo (modelado parental, entre hermanos y diversas estrategias instructivas, de estimulación y comunicación familiar) que, a excepción de la supervisión técnica, habitualmente utilizan para educarles o controlar su comportamiento en otras áreas formando parte de su estilo general de parentalidad. Las conclusiones apuntan la necesidad de desarrollar la competencia parental digital y algunas implicaciones para la intervención educativa como promover la colaboración entre la familiaescuela.
Critical thinking of young citizens towards news headlines in Chile
Authors: Vernier Matthieu , Cárcamo Luis , Scheihing Eliana
Published: November 2017

Strengthening critical thinking abilities of citizens in the face of news published on the web represents a key challenge for education. Young citizens appear to be vulnerable in the face of poor quality news or those containing nonexplicit ideologies. In the field of data science, computational and statistical techniques have been developed to automatically collect and characterize online news media in real time. Nevertheless, there is still not a lot of interdisciplinary research on how to design data exploration platforms supporting an educational process of critical citizenship. This article explores this opportunity through a case study analyzing critical thinking ability of students when facing news dealing with the social mobilization “No+APF”. From data collected through 4 online exercises conducted by 75 secondary school students, 55 university students and 25 communication specialists, we investigate to what extent young citizens are able to classify news headlines and ideological orientation of news media outlets. We also question the influence of the media’s brand name and the subjectivity of each participant in regards to the social mobilization “No+APF”. The results underline the importance of group work, the influence of the brand name and the correlation between criticalthinking abilities and having a defined opinion.

Fortalecer el pensamiento crítico de ciudadanos frente a noticias de Internet representa un desafío educativo clave. Los jóvenes ciudadanos parecen vulnerables frente a noticias de mala calidad u orientaciones ideológicas poco explícitas. Desde la ciencia de datos se desarrollan técnicas informáticas y estadísticas para recopilar prensa digital en tiempo real y caracterizarla automáticamente. Sin embargo, existe poca investigación interdisciplinar para diseñar plataformas de exploración de datos al servicio de un proceso educativo de ciudadanía crítica. Este artículo investiga esa oportunidad, mediante un estudio de caso en Chile que analiza la capacidad crítica del alumnado frente a noticias de un hecho social relevante: la movilización social «No+AFP». A partir de cuatro tareas en línea ?realizadas por 75 estudiantes de secundaria, 55 estudiantes universitarios y 25 especialistas en comunicación? preguntamos en qué medida los jóvenes son capaces de calificar titulares de prensa y orientaciones ideológicas de medios de comunicación. Por otra parte, analizamos la influencia de la marca del medio y de la subjetividad que, frente al movimiento social «No+AFP», imprime cada participante al pensamiento crítico. Los resultados obtenidos destacan la relevancia del trabajo en grupo, la influencia de la marca del medio de prensa y la correlación entre tener una opinión definida y la capacidad crítica.
Portrait de l’artiste en chat de télévision : Topor et Téléchat (1977-1986)
Authors: Le Pajolec Sébastien
Published: November 2017

Téléchat est un programme de cinq minutes dont les 234 épisodes ont d’abord été diffusés pendant trois saisons, sur Antenne 2, entre 1983 et 1986. Imaginée par Henri Xhonneux et Roland Topor, l’émission reprend le dispositif du journal télévisé, avec deux marionnettes à la présentation : Groucha, un chat plâtré de la patte gauche, et Lola, une autruche au décolleté pigeonnant. En étudiant les trente premiers épisodes de la série, soit près de deux mois de programmation, nous avons voulu restituer les multiples facettes d’un programme à la fois connu et rarement analysé. Après avoir examiné les logiques de production, de diffusion et de réception propres à Téléchat , nous avons cherché à mettre au jour non seulement ses discours sur la télévision, mais aussi ses représentations ironiques, ludiques et poétiques du monde social.
The gut mycobiome composition is linked to carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Chacón M.R. , Lozano-Bartolomé J. , Portero-Otín M. , Rodríguez M.M. , Xifra G. , Puig J. , Blasco G. , Ricart W. , Chaves F.J. , Fernández-Real J.M.
Published: November 2017

The mycobiotic component of the microbiota comprises an integral, yet under-researched, part of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we present a preliminary study of the possible contribution of gut mycobiota to sub-clinical atherosclerosis in a well-characterised group of obese and non-obese subjects in association with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). From all taxa identified, the relative abundance of the phylumZygomycota, comprising the familyMucoraceaeand genusMucor, was negatively associated with cIMT and this association remained significant after controlling for false discovery rate. Obese subjects with detectableMucorspp. had a similar cardiovascular risk profile as non-obese subjects. Interestingly, the relative abundance ofMucor racemosuswas negatively associated both with FRS and cIMT. Partial least square discriminant analyses modelling, evaluating the potential relevance of gut mycobiota in patients stratified by mean values of cIMT, showed that even a 1 component model had a high accuracy (0.789), with a high R2 value (0.51). Variable importance in projection scores showed thatM. racemosusabundance had the same impact in the model as waist-to-hip ratio, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting triglycerides or fasting glucose, suggesting thatM. racemosusrelative abundance in the gut may be a relevant biomarker for cardiovascular risk.
Impact of storage environment on respiration, dry matter losses and fumonisin B1 contamination of stored paddy and brown rice
Authors: Castaño S. Martín , Medina A. , Magan N.
Published: November 2017

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different storage moisture conditions (0.90 and 0.95 water activity, aw) and temperatures (25, 30 °C) on (1) respiration rates (CO2; R), (2) dry matter loss (DML) of paddy and brown rice, (3) inoculation of both rice types withFusarium verticillioides under these storage conditions on R, DML, and (4) effects on fumonisin B1 (FB1) contamination of these rice types. There was an increase in temporal CO2 production with wetter and warmer conditions in naturally contaminated rice. Higher R and consequently, percentage (%) DML were generally observed for brown rice (up to 21%) while in paddy rice this was only up to 3.5% DML. The FB1 production in paddy rice was low and similar in all treatments regardless of aw × temperature conditions. In the dehusked brown rice there were higher levels of contamination with FB1, with a maximum at 0.95 aw and 25 °C. A significant correlation between %DMLs and FB1 contamination was obtained (R=0.7454,P<0.01). These results suggest that monitoring of CO2 may provide an early indication of fungal activity in moist rice and help in evaluating the relative risk of spoilage and potential for mycotoxin contamination.
Las formaciones yesíferas del Triásico Superior y Jurásico Inferior de Camarasa, en el frente Surpirenaico Catalán
Authors: Salvany J. M.
Published: November 2017

En el presente estudio se describen las características litoestratigráficas de las formaciones yesíferas de Canelles (Keuper inferior) y de Lécera (Jurásico Inferior) aflorantes en la zona de Camarasa, en el frente Surpirenaico Catalán. La serie de la Fm. Lécera constituye una alternancia cíclica de capas de yesos y carbonatos de cerca de 300 m de espesor. El yeso es de litofacies laminada gris, laminada blanca y masiva blanca. Los carbonatos son brechas dolomíticas y dolomicritas finamente estratificadas. Por el contrario, la Fm. Canelles forma una serie yesífera masiva de 100 m de espesor, con capas menores de carbonato restringidas a la base de la formación y a su parte media. En la base el carbonato es de litofacies dolomicrita laminada, mientras que en la parte media es de litofacies margodolomía laminada, dolomicrita laminada y oolítica, formando cuatro ciclos de pocos metros de espesor. Ambas formaciones se originaron en sistemas evaporíticos de tipo lagoon sulfatado, muy estables, alimentados por aguas marinas y alejados de la influencia de aportes detríticos. En estos lagoons la sedimentación fue principalmente yesífera, en facies laminada, y con niveles subordinados de carbonatados, representando respectivamente estadios de mayor y menor concentración relativa del agua, y sin registro de sales más solubles (halita).
Estimación del efecto Venturi como factor desencadenante de la pluviometría en la Sierra de Grazalema
Authors: Naranjo-Barea Alfonso Jesús , Rodrigo-Comino Jesús , Senciales-González José María
Published: November 2017

La Sierra de Grazalema, uno de los ámbitos de la península más interesantes climatológicamente, no está lo suficientemente estudiada. Por ello, se afronta un análisis pluviométrico de detalle, con el objeto de abordar científicamente el origen de sus elevados registros pluviométricos.

Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los elevados registros pluviométricos medios anuales de Grazalema, más cuantiosos que en las estaciones situadas en la vertiente de barlovento, se deben a un efecto de depresión de sotavento (con refuerzo de efecto Venturi), producido por el Corredor del Boyar. Además, se pone de manifiesto que con la creación de nuevos puntos extrapolados georreferenciados y con valores pluviométricos, se logra obtener una cartografía pluviométrica de mayor precisión que con otros métodos, pues este mapa se ajusta mejor al relieve.
SATB1 Conditional Knockout Results in Sjögren’s Syndrome in Mice
Authors: Tanaka Yuriko , Sotome Takehiko , Inoue Akiko , Mukozu Takanori , Kuwabara Taku , Mikami Tetuo , Kowhi-Shigematsu Terumi , Kondo Motonari
Published: November 2017

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease in which exocrine tissues are affected by cellular and humoral immunity. As a result, the salivary and lacrimal glands of patients with SS are damaged, leading to xerostomia (dry mouth) and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes). Because experimental approaches to investigate SS pathogenesis in human patients are limited, development of a mouse model is indispensable for understanding the disease. In this study, we show that special AT-rich sequence binding protein-1 conditional knockout (SATB1cKO) mice, in which the SATB1 gene is specifically deleted from hematopoietic cells, develop SS by 4 wk of age, soon after weaning. Female mice presented an earlier onset of the disease than males, suggesting that female SATB1cKO mice are more susceptible to SS. T cell–dominant immune cell infiltration was observed in the salivary glands of 4 wk old SATB1cKO mice, and the frequency of B cells gradually increased as the mice aged. Consistently, levels of anti-SSA and anti-SSB Abs were increased around 8 wk of age, after salivary production reached its lowest level in SATB1cKO mice. These results suggest that SATB1cKO mice can be a novel SS model, in which the progression and characteristics of the disease resemble those of human SS.
Copper Regulates Maturation and Expression of an MITF:Tryptase Axis in Mast Cells
Authors: Hu Frisk Jun Mei , Kjellén Lena , Kaler Stephen G. , Pejler Gunnar , Öhrvik Helena
Published: November 2017

Copper has previously been implicated in the regulation of immune responses, but the impact of this metal on mast cells is poorly understood. In this article, we address this issue and show that copper starvation of mast cells causes increased granule maturation, as indicated by higher proteoglycan content, stronger metachromatic staining, and altered ultrastructure in comparison with nontreated cells, whereas copper overload has the opposite effects. In contrast, copper status did not impact storage of histamine in mast cells, nor did alterations in copper levels affect the ability of mast cells to degranulate in response to IgER cross-linking. A striking finding was decreased tryptase content in mast cells with copper overload, whereas copper starvation increased tryptase content. These effects were associated with corresponding shifts in tryptase mRNA levels, suggesting that copper affects tryptase gene regulation. Mechanistically, we found that alterations in copper status affected the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, a transcription factor critical for driving tryptase expression. We also found evidence supporting the concept that the effects on microphthalmia-associated transcription factor are dependent on copper-mediated modulation of MAPK signaling. Finally, we show that, in MEDNIK syndrome, a condition associated with low copper levels and a hyperallergenic skin phenotype, including pruritis and dermatitis, the number of tryptase-positive mast cells is increased. Taken together, our findings reveal a hitherto unrecognized role for copper in the regulation of mast cell gene expression and maturation.
Stratifications on the moduli space of Higgs bundles
Authors: Gothen Peter B. , Zúñiga-Rojas Ronald A.
Published: November 2017

The moduli space of Higgs bundles has two stratifications. The Białynicki–Birula stratification comes from the action of the non-zero complex numbers by multiplication on the Higgs field, and the Shatz stratification arises from the Harder–Narasimhan type of the vector bundle underlying a Higgs bundle. While these two stratifications coincide in the case of rank two Higgs bundles, this is not the case in higher rank. In this paper we analyze the relation between the two stratifications for the moduli space of rank three Higgs bundles.
El uso de e-rúbricas para la evaluación de competencias en estudiantes universitarios. Estudio sobre fiabilidad del instrumento.
Authors: Valverde Berrocoso Jesús , Ciudad Gómez Adelaida
Published: November 2017

La evaluación es un elemento curricular que ha experimentado una importante transformación en la Educación Superior como consecuencia de diferentes procesos de reforma educativa. La investigación educativa ha sido muy fructífera en este campo dando lugar a un cambio de enfoque: evaluación ‘para’ el aprendizaje, sostenible, orientada a la valoración de las competencias y con un papel activo del estudiante. En un contexto tecnológico, la e-rúbrica se ha establecido como un instrumento útil para la realización de un proceso de evaluación adecuado a las actuales necesidades y demandas educativas. Los resultados de investigación muestran sus potencialidades para la autorregulación y autoeficacia del estudiante, la calidad de la evaluación y la mejora de la docencia. Pero es imprescindible elaborar e-rúbricas que cumplan con criterios de fiabilidad y validez. Con tal fin se diseñaron dos rúbricas para su aplicación en una asignatura de Grado en un grupo de estudiantes y se analizó la fiabilidad de los instrumentos. La fiabilidad de la rúbrica se ha evaluado a través de su consistencia interna para lo que se ha recurrido al coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach. Se obtuvieron unos coeficientes de fiabilidad considerados aceptables, aunque mejorables. Para la correcta aplicación de la e-rúbrica se considera fundamental la formación de estudiantes para el uso del instrumento en la auto-evaluación y la evaluación entre pares. El artículo incluye las dos rúbricas utilizadas en el estudio.
Las competencias docentes: diagnóstico y actividades innovadoras para su desarrollo en un modelo de educación a distancia
Authors: Domínguez Garrido Concepción , Leví Orta Genoveva del Carmen , Medina Rivilla Antonio , Ramos Méndez Eduardo
Published: November 2017

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Lucida Sans'; mso-font-kerning: 1.5pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: HI;">Este trabajo es fruto de una línea de investigación, desarrollada en colaboración con expertos universitarios de cinco países (Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, México y España), dirigida a identificar y seleccionar un mapa de competencias docentes pertinentes para mejorar la acción del profesorado universitario en el contexto del EEES. El estudio se basa en el análisis de un cuestionario mixto, con preguntas estructuradas y narrativas abiertas, cumplimentado por una muestra de 90 profesores de la UNED. Los resultados muestran la alta valoración que alcanza el conjunto de las doce competencias seleccionadas. Mediante análisis factorial y análisis de conglomerados, es posible identificar dos ejes principales sobre los cuales se organiza el conjunto de las doce competencias: uno, que engloba las competencias de pertenencia institucional, innovación e investigación, y otro que incluye la evaluación, tutoría, motivación, planificación, identidad profesional, integración de medios, metodología y comunicación, jugando un papel diferente la competencia de interculturalidad. El orden de importancia que se deduce de la encuesta coloca en los primeros lugares la planificación, metodología, comunicación y motivación, mientras que los lugares menos destacados son ocupados por la interculturalidad, la pertinencia institucional y la integración de medios. La parte correspondiente a las preguntas abiertas se estudia con técnicas de análisis de contenido, predominando los conceptos relativos a la integración de medios, la identidad profesional y la planificación, mientras que las competencias que muestran menor intensidad en las narrativas son la innovación y la interculturalidad. 
Estimation of atmospheric particle formation rates through an analytical formula: validation and application in Hyytiälä and Puijo, Finland
Authors: Baranizadeh Elham , Nieminen Tuomo , Yli-Juuti Taina , Kulmala Markku , Petäjä Tuukka , Leskinen Ari , Komppula Mika , Laaksonen Ari , Lehtinen Kari E. J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The formation rates of 3 nm particles were estimated at SMEAR IV, Puijo (Finland), where the continuous measurements extend only down to 7 nm in diameter. We extrapolated the formation rates at 7 nm (J7) down to 3 nm (J3) based on an approximate solution to the aerosol general dynamic equation, assuming a constant condensational growth rate, a power-law size-dependent scavenging rate, and negligible self-coagulation rate for the nucleation mode particles. To evaluate our method, we first applied it to new particle formation (NPF) events in Hyytiälä (Finland), which extend down to 3 nm, and, therefore, J3 and J7 can be determined directly from the measured size distribution evolution. The Hyytiälä results show that the estimated daily mean J3 values slightly overestimate the observed mean J3, but a promising 91 % of the estimated J3 values are within a factor of 2 from the measured ones. However, when considering detailed daily time evolution, the agreement is not as good due to fluctuations in data as well as uncertainties in estimated growth rates, which are required in order to calculate the time lag between formation of 3 and 7 nm particles. At Puijo, the mean J7 for clear NPF days during April 2007–December 2015 was 0.44 cm−3 s−1, while the extrapolated mean J3 was 0.61 cm−3 s−1.
Impact of the 4 April 2014 Saharan dust outbreak on the photovoltaic power generation in Germany
Authors: Rieger Daniel , Steiner Andrea , Bachmann Vanessa , Gasch Philipp , Förstner Jochen , Deetz Konrad , Vogel Bernhard , Vogel Heike
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The importance for reliable forecasts of incoming solar radiation is growing rapidly, especially for those countries with an increasing share in photovoltaic (PV) power production. The reliability of solar radiation forecasts depends mainly on the representation of clouds and aerosol particles absorbing and scattering radiation. Especially under extreme aerosol conditions, numerical weather prediction has a systematic bias in the solar radiation forecast. This is caused by the design of numerical weather prediction models, which typically account for the direct impact of aerosol particles on radiation using climatological mean values and the impact on cloud formation assuming spatially and temporally homogeneous aerosol concentrations. These model deficiencies in turn can lead to significant economic losses under extreme aerosol conditions. For Germany, Saharan dust outbreaks occurring 5 to 15 times per year for several days each are prominent examples for conditions, under which numerical weather prediction struggles to forecast solar radiation adequately. We investigate the impact of mineral dust on the PV-power generation during a Saharan dust outbreak over Germany on 4 April 2014 using ICON-ART, which is the current German numerical weather prediction model extended by modules accounting for trace substances and related feedback processes. We find an overall improvement of the PV-power forecast for 65 % of the pyranometer stations in Germany. Of the nine stations with very high differences between forecast and measurement, eight stations show an improvement. Furthermore, we quantify the direct radiative effects and indirect radiative effects of mineral dust. For our study, direct effects account for 64 %, indirect effects for 20 % and synergistic interaction effects for 16 % of the differences between the forecast including mineral dust radiative effects and the forecast neglecting mineral dust.
Relationship between Chemical Composition and Oxidative Potential of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Wang Shunyao , Ye Jianhuai , Soong Ronald , Wu Bing , Yu Legeng , Simpson Andre , Chan Arthur W. H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Owing to the complex nature and dynamic behaviors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), its ability to cause oxidative stress (known as oxidative potential, or OP) and adverse health outcomes remain poorly understood. In this work, we probed into linkages between the chemical composition of SOA and its OP, and investigated impacts from various SOA evolution pathways, including atmospheric oligomerization, heterogeneous oxidation and mixing with metal. SOA formed from photooxidation of the two most common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene and phenanthrene) were studied as model systems. OP was evaluated using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The oligomer-rich fraction separated by liquid chromatography contributed significantly to DTT activity in both SOA systems (52 ± 10 % for NSOA and 56 ± 5 % for PSOA). Heterogeneous ozonolysis of NSOA was found to enhance its OP, which is consistent with the trend observed in selected individual oxidation products. DTT activities from redox-active organic compounds and metals were found to be not additive. When mixing with highly redox-active metal (Cu), OP of the mixture decreased significantly for 1, 2-naphthoquinone (42 ± 7 %), 2, 3-dihydroxynaphthalene (35 ± 1 %), NSOA (50±6%) and PSOA (43 ± 4 %). Evidence from proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy illustrates that such OP reduction upon mixing can be ascribed to metal-organic binding interactions. Our results highlight the role of aerosol chemical composition under atmospheric aging processes in determining the OP of SOA, which is needed for a more accurate and explicit prediction of the toxicological impacts from particulate matter.
Depolarization calibration and measurements using the CANDAC Rayleigh–Mie–Raman lidar at Eureka, Canada
Authors: McCullough Emily M. , Sica Robert J. , Drummond James R. , Nott Graeme , Perro Christopher , Thackray Colin P. , Hopper Jason , Doyle Jonathan , Duck Thomas J. , Walker Kaley A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC) Rayleigh–Mie–Raman lidar (CRL) at Eureka, Nunavut, has measured tropospheric clouds, aerosols, and water vapour since 2007. In remote and meteorologically significant locations, such as the Canadian High Arctic, the ability to add new measurement capability to an existing well-tested facility is extremely valuable. In 2010, linear depolarization 532 nm measurement hardware was installed in the lidar's receiver. To minimize disruption in the existing lidar channels and to preserve their existing characterization so far as is possible, the depolarization hardware was placed near the end of the receiver cascade. The upstream optics already in place were not optimized for preserving the polarization of received light. Calibrations and Mueller matrix calculations are used to determine and mitigate the contribution of these upstream optics on the depolarization measurements. The results show that with appropriate calibration, indications of cloud particle phase (ice vs. water) through the use of the depolarization parameter are now possible to a precision of ±0.05 absolute uncertainty ( ≤ 10 % relative uncertainty) within clouds at time and altitude resolutions of 5 min and 37.5 m respectively, with higher precision and higher resolution possible in select cases. The uncertainty is somewhat larger outside of clouds at the same altitude, typically with absolute uncertainty  ≤ 0.1. Monitoring changes in Arctic cloud composition, including particle phase, is essential for an improved understanding of the changing climate locally and globally.
Profiling water vapor mixing ratios in Finland by means of a Raman lidar, a satellite and a model
Authors: Filioglou Maria , Nikandrova Anna , Niemelä Sami , Baars Holger , Mielonen Tero , Leskinen Ari , Brus David , Romakkaniemi Sami , Giannakaki Elina , Komppula Mika
Published: November 2017

Abstract. We present tropospheric water vapor profiles measured with a Raman lidar during three field campaigns held in Finland. Co-located radio soundings are available throughout the period for the calibration of the lidar signals. We investigate the possibility of calibrating the lidar water vapor profiles in the absence of co-existing on-site soundings using water vapor profiles from the combined Advanced InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) satellite product; the Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement INternational and High Resolution Limited Area Model (ALADIN/HIRLAM) numerical weather prediction (NWP) system, and the nearest radio sounding station located 100 km away from the lidar site (only for the permanent location of the lidar). The uncertainties of the calibration factor derived from the soundings, the satellite and the model data are  < 2.8, 7.4 and 3.9 %, respectively. We also include water vapor mixing ratio intercomparisons between the radio soundings and the various instruments/model for the period of the campaigns. A good agreement is observed for all comparisons with relative errors that do not exceed 50 % up to 8 km altitude in most cases. A 4-year seasonal analysis of vertical water vapor is also presented for the Kuopio site in Finland. During winter months, the air in Kuopio is dry (1.15±0.40 g kg−1); during summer it is wet (5.54±1.02 g kg−1); and at other times, the air is in an intermediate state. These are averaged values over the lowest 2 km in the atmosphere. Above that height a quick decrease in water vapor mixing ratios is observed, except during summer months where favorable atmospheric conditions enable higher mixing ratio values at higher altitudes. Lastly, the seasonal change in disagreement between the lidar and the model has been studied. The analysis showed that, on average, the model underestimates water vapor mixing ratios at high altitudes during spring and summer.
Alternative Strategy for Estimating Zenith Tropospheric Delay from Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Mohammed Jareer , Moore Terry , Hill Chris , Bingley Richard M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study considered zenith total delay (ZTD) estimation from precise point positioning (PPP) based on GPS only (PPP GPS), GLONASS only (PPP GLO), and GPS+GLONASS (PPP GPS+GLO) using both a conventional strategy when applying a model for the hydrostatic component with an estimation of the wet component and an alternative strategy. The proposed alternative strategy is to estimate both the hydrostatic and the wet components of the tropospheric delay using different process noises with different mapping functions for both components in an extended Kalman filter (EKF). It was found that the receiver clock offsets and the estimated ambiguities would absorb some errors in the ZTD when using the conventional strategy. The RMS values of the differences between the double differenced (DD) GPS ZTD and the PPP ZTD, using the alternative strategy, were 6.5, 7.3, and 6.7 mm for PPP GPS, PPP GLO, and PPP GPS+GLO, respectively. The results were validated over one continuous week and then over one year. Validation was also performed through comparison with the IGS ZTD values, for 12 weeks, with an overall RMS of 5.9 mm and against IGS real-time products with an overall RMS of 8.1 mm. Furthermore, the alternative strategy also provided significant improvements in the 5 cm convergence time in the vertical coordinate component of the float ambiguity solutions to be on average, 51, 36 and 27 minutes for PPP GPS, PPP GLO and PPP GPS+GLO solutions respectively.
Long-term response of oceanic carbon uptake to global warming via physical and biological pumps
Authors: Yamamoto Akitomo , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Yamanaka Yasuhiro
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Global warming is expected to significantly decrease oceanic carbon uptake and therefore accelerate an increase in atmospheric CO2 and global warming. The primary reasons in previous studies for the change in the oceanic carbon uptake are the solubility reduction due to seawater warming and changes in the ocean circulation and biological pump. However, quantifications of the contributions from different processes to the overall reduction in ocean uptake are still unclear. Herein, we investigate multimillennium response of oceanic carbon uptake to global warming and quantify the contributions of the physical and biological pump to the response using an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model and a biogeochemical model. We found that global warming reduced oceanic CO2 uptake by 13 % (30 %) in the first 140 years (at year 2000), which is consistent with previous studies. Sensitivity studies show that changes in the biological pump via ocean circulation change and solubility change due to seawater warming are dominant processes in the uptake reduction. These results are contrary to most previous studies wherein circulation changes and solubility change from seawater warming are the dominant processes. The weakening of biological production and carbon export induced by lower nutrient supply diminishes the vertical gradient of DIC substantially reducing the CO2 uptake. The weaker deep-ocean circulation decreases the downward transport of CO2 from the surface to the deep ocean, leading to a drop in the CO2 uptake in high-latitude regions. Conversely, weaker equatorial upwelling reduces the upward transport of natural CO2 and therefore enhances the CO2 uptake in low-latitude regions. Because these effects cancel each other, the circulation change becomes a second-order process. Our results suggest that the biological pump plays a significant role in the future oceanic carbon uptake through natural carbon cycle.
Regional Antarctic snow accumulation over the past 1000 years
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth R. , van Wessem J. Melchior , Roberts Jason , Isaksson Elisabeth , Schlosser Elisabeth , Fudge Tyler J. , Vallelonga Paul , Medley Brooke , Lenaerts Jan , Bertler Nancy , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Dixon Daniel A. , Frezzotti Massimo , Stenni Barbara , Curran Mark , Ekaykin Alexey A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Here we present Antarctic snow accumulation variability at the regional scale over the past 1000 years. A total of 79 ice core snow accumulation records were gathered and assigned to seven geographical regions, separating the high-accumulation coastal zones below 2000 m of elevation from the dry central Antarctic Plateau. The regional composites of annual snow accumulation were evaluated against modelled surface mass balance (SMB) from RACMO2.3p2 and precipitation from ERA-Interim reanalysis. With the exception of the Weddell Sea coast, the low-elevation composites capture the regional precipitation and SMB variability as defined by the models. The central Antarctic sites lack coherency and either do not represent regional precipitation or indicate the model inability to capture relevant precipitation processes in the cold, dry central plateau. Our results show that SMB for the total Antarctic Ice Sheet (including ice shelves) has increased at a rate of 7 ± 0.13 Gt decade−1 since 1800 AD, representing a net reduction in sea level of ∼ 0.02 mm decade−1 since 1800 and ∼ 0.04 mm decade−1 since 1900 AD. The largest contribution is from the Antarctic Peninsula (∼ 75 %) where the annual average SMB during the most recent decade (2001–2010) is 123 ± 44 Gt yr−1 higher than the annual average during the first decade of the 19th century. Only four ice core records cover the full 1000 years, and they suggest a decrease in snow accumulation during this period. However, our study emphasizes the importance of low-elevation coastal zones, which have been under-represented in previous investigations of temporal snow accumulation.
Implementation of methane cycling for deep-time global warming simulations with the DCESS Earth system model (version 1.2)
Authors: Shaffer Gary , Fernández Villanueva Esteban , Rondanelli Roberto , Pedersen Jens Olaf Pepke , Olsen Steffen Malskær , Huber Matthew
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Geological records reveal a number of ancient, large and rapid negative excursions of the carbon-13 isotope. Such excursions can only be explained by massive injections of depleted carbon to the Earth system over a short duration. These injections may have forced strong global warming events, sometimes accompanied by mass extinctions such as the Triassic-Jurassic and end-Permian extinctions 201 and 252 million years ago, respectively. In many cases, evidence points to methane as the dominant form of injected carbon, whether as thermogenic methane formed by magma intrusions through overlying carbon-rich sediment or from warming-induced dissociation of methane hydrate, a solid compound of methane and water found in ocean sediments. As a consequence of the ubiquity and importance of methane in major Earth events, Earth system models for addressing such events should include a comprehensive treatment of methane cycling but such a treatment has often been lacking. Here we implement methane cycling in the Danish Center for Earth System Science (DCESS) model, a simplified but well-tested Earth system model of intermediate complexity. We use a generic methane input function that allows variation in input type, size, timescale and ocean–atmosphere partition. To be able to treat such massive inputs more correctly, we extend the model to deal with ocean suboxic/anoxic conditions and with radiative forcing and methane lifetimes appropriate for high atmospheric methane concentrations. With this new model version, we carried out an extensive set of simulations for methane inputs of various sizes, timescales and ocean–atmosphere partitions to probe model behavior. We find that larger methane inputs over shorter timescales with more methane dissolving in the ocean lead to ever-increasing ocean anoxia with consequences for ocean life and global carbon cycling. Greater methane input directly to the atmosphere leads to more warming and, for example, greater carbon dioxide release from land soils. Analysis of synthetic sediment cores from the simulations provides guidelines for the interpretation of real sediment cores spanning the warming events. With this improved DCESS model version and paleo-reconstructions, we are now better armed to gauge the amounts, types, timescales and locations of methane injections driving specific, observed deep-time, global warming events.
The regional climate model REMO (v2015) coupled with the 1-D
freshwater model FLake (v1): Fenno-Scandinavian climate and
lakes
Authors: Pietikäinen Joni-Pekka , Markkanen Tiina , Sieck Kevin , Jacob Daniela , Korhonen Johanna , Räisänen Petri , Gao Yao , Ahola Jaakko , Korhonen Hannele , Laaksonen Ari , Kaurola Jussi
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The regional climate model REMO was coupled with the FLake lake model to include an interactive treatment of lakes. Using this new version, the Fenno-Scandinavian climate and lake characteristics were studied in a set of 35-year hindcast simulations. Additionally, sensitivity tests related to the parameterization of snow albedo were conducted. Our results show that overall the new model version improves the representation of the Fenno-Scandinavian climate in terms of 2-m temperature and precipitation, but the downside is that an existing wintertime cold bias in the model is enhanced. The lake surface water temperature, ice depth and ice season length were analyzed in detail for ten Finnish, four Swedish, two Russian and one Estonian lakes. The results show that the model can reproduce these characteristic with reasonably high accuracy. The cold bias during winter causes e.g. overestimation of ice layer thickness at several of the studied lakes, but overall the values from the model are realistic and represent well the lake physics in a long-term simulation. We also analyzed the snow depth on ice from ten Finnish lakes and vertical temperature profiles from five Finnish lakes and the model results are in realistic.
From Covenant to Contract: Changing Conceptions of Public Research Universities in American Society
Authors: Weerts David J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract Public research universities face several challenges related to declining state support and growing public distrust. Many leaders have responded with calls to “renew the covenant” between research universities and society. This paper examines the context in which such covenants might be understood, exploring the cultural, social, and intellectual movements that have shaped the role of the modern public research university. This analysis suggests that early public research universities were situated within a broad Protestant tradition which maintained a social cohesion with the public in the midst of their growing research ambitions. With the academic revolution of the twentieth century, institutions lost connection with society and the state-university relationship became one of a legalized, social contract. The move from covenant to contract is reflected in tuition policy, performance-funding, and governance reforms. Implications of this shift are discussed in the context of creating a good society.
From Jalsah to Jalsā: Music, Identity, and (Gender) Transitioning at a Hījṛā Rite of Initiation
Authors: Roy Jeff
Published: November 2017

This article investigates the connections among music making, identity, and belonging within the context of a jalsā, a celebratory rite of initiation for a hījṛā (South Asian “third gender” individual) entering her gharānā (family). Drawing connections to Ali Jihad Racy’s (2004) analysis of ṭarab (ecstasy) performance in the West Asian jalsah (informal gathering), the article reveals how music making within the larger architecture of the jalsā—in particular, the liminal period in which the hījrā “passes through” to become nirvāṇ (liberated)—enables the visceral embodiment of values concerning hījṛā social transitioning and self-understanding. I argue that the discourses and performance practices involved in becoming hījṛā enact a strategic essentialism through the sanctification of different relational configurations of identity within gharānedar society. This gives shape to a symbolic representation about what it means to be hījṛā that is ambiguously cited, multiplicative, and materially unavailable for those from outside the community who seek to enter, define, or otherwise control it. This article is accompanied by a one-hour film (http://www.ethnomusicologyofthecloset.com/jalsa, password: pehchaan) that was edited to convey the physical and emotional sensation of a nirvāṇ hījṛā’s journey.
Engendering Musical Ethnography
Authors: Appert Catherine M.
Published: November 2017

Between 2007 and 2015, in a series of trips ranging in length from two to ten months, I conducted ethnographic research with rappers in Dakar, Senegal. Drawing on those experiences, this article explores how primary modes of ethnographic knowing and being are nurtured outside spaces of musical performance and asks how a consideration of gendered moments that are not, per se, research moments—the time spent with families, the eating of meals, the engagement with social norms of greeting and hospitality, but also the often fraught encounters with strangers—might shift our understandings of the nature of the musical field site. Modeling a gendered ethnography of music, I make the following claims: First, models of ethnomusicological fieldwork that center on friendship and participant observation, in their explicit emphasis on collaborative musical performance, implicitly spatialize musical field sites even as they redefine them as experiential. Second, such models prioritize music-centered relationships while obscuring the complexity of power dynamics at play in intercultural research. Finally, both the experiential field site and ethnomusicological research models—and the overlaps and disjunctions between them—actively engender the researcher in ways that necessarily inform fieldwork outcomes.
Performing Desire: Race, Sex, and the Ethnographic Encounter
Authors: Lawrence Sidra
Published: November 2017

Drawing from ethnographic field research in northwestern Ghana, I investigate the public discourse of desire by recounting the experience of a personal relationship. I dislocate presumptions about dichotomous power differentials between the researcher and researched and instead investigate the complex, sometimes contradictory navigation of human relationships. I argue that the performance of desire is understood only through a culturally intelligible lens that in this case exposes the mechanisms that inform gendered and racialized subjectivity. Navigating the terrain of desiring and being desired and the culturally specific terms through which desire is produced directs us toward a relationally constructed understanding of subjectivity.
An Audience of One: The Private Music of the Chinese Literati
Authors: Yung Bell
Published: November 2017

China’s qin music is historically associated with the literati, who play primarily for themselves as a private activity. While they consider the meaning and significance of the music more important than communicating the musical sound to an audience, they nevertheless also enjoy it as expressive art. This article argues that in playing privately, the player turns inwardly toward himself rather than outwardly toward an audience. In such a performance environment, music and musicality need to be assessed by criteria different from those commonly accepted, which are based on the supposition that music is a social activity with the primary goal of communicating to an audience.
Nitrogen replenishment using variable rate application technique in a small hand-harvested pear orchard
Authors: Vatsanidou Anna , Nanos George D. , Fountas Spyros , Baras John , Castrignano Anamaria , Gemtos Theofanis A.
Published: November 2017

Precision agriculture is a management approach for sustainable agriculture. It can be applied even in small fields. It aims to optimize inputs, improve profits, and reduce adverse environmental impacts. In this study, a series of measurements were conducted over three growing seasons to assess variability in a 0.55 ha pear orchard located in central Greece. Soil ECa was measured using EM38 sensor, while soil samples were taken from a grid 17 × 8 m and analysed for texture, pH, P, K, Mg, CaCO3, and organic matter content. Data analysis indicated that most of the nutrients were at sufficient levels. Soil and yield maps showed considerable variability while fruit quality presented small variations across the orchard. Yield fluctuations were observed, possibly due to climatic conditions. Prescription maps were developed for nitrogen variable rate application (VRA) for two years based on the replacement of the nutrients removed by the crop. VRA application resulted in 56% and 50% reduction of N fertiliser compared to uniform application.