bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multitask Model for Person Re-identification by Attribute-aware
Authors: Pei Shengyu , Fan Xiaoping
Published: April 2021

The image-based person re-identification problem can be transformed into a similar image retrieval problem. At present, most of the current identity-based methods do not consider pedestrian attributes. Moreover, many methods that consider pedestrian attributes and identities fail to fully simulate the relationship between pedestrian attributes and identities. In this article, we propose a new image-based person re-identification method by attribute-aware. Based on the introduction of instance batch normalization, the non-local module based on attention is used to transform the ResNet network structure to improve the feature extraction performance. After using generalized mean pooling for feature aggregation, the identity-based and attribute-based double stream network modules pay attention to the relationship between identities and pedetrian features, and the relationship between attributes and pedestrian features, so as to fully activate the relationship between pedestrian attributes and identities. Experiments are carried out on two classic person re-identification by attribute dataset Market-1501 and DukeMTMC-reID, and the results prove the effectiveness of the method. The method proposed in this paper has achieved the best performance on some evaluation metrics.
Interventions to Mitigate COVID-19 Misinformation: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Kumar Navin , Walter Nathan , Nyhan Kate , Khoshnood Kaveh , Tucker Joseph D , Bauch Chris T , Ding Qinglan , Jones-Jang S Mo , Choudhury Munmun De , Schwartz Jason , Nyhan Brendan J , Papakyriakopoulos Orestis , Forastiere Laura
Published: April 2021

Background: The duration and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic depends in a large part on individual and societal actions which is influenced by the quality and salience of the information to which they are exposed. Unfortunately, COVID-19 misinformation has proliferated. To date, no systematic efforts have been made to evaluate interventions that mitigate COVID-19-related misinformation. We plan to conduct a scoping review that seeks to fill several of the gaps in the current knowledge of interventions that mitigate COVID-19-related misinformation.Methods: A scoping review focusing on interventions that mitigate COVID-19 misinformation will be conducted. We will search (from January 2020 onwards) MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Africa-Wide Information, Global Health, WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database, WHO Global Index Medicus, and Sociological Abstracts. Grey literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, Open Science Framework, governmental websites and preprint servers (e.g. EuropePMC, PsyArXiv, MedRxiv, JMIR Preprints). Study selection will conform to Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2020 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g. frequencies) and qualitative (e.g. content and thematic analysis) methods.Discussion: Original research is urgently needed to design interventions to mitigate COVID-19 misinformation. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap.Systematic Review registrations: Systematic Review Registration: Open Science Framework (osf/io/etw9d).
Wetland Landscape Pattern Evolution and Prediction in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: ZHOU Ke
Published: April 2021

Starting from the overall pattern of wetland evolution in the Yellow River Delta, The combination of CA-Markov model and MLP model is studied. Based on the low-medium resolution Landsat data and the field survey data, the evolution trend of wetland landscape pattern in the Yellow River Delta is simulated and predicted by using the proposed models. Taking high resolution (2m) data in 2016 as the precision verification, the model simulation results are validated. The results show that the area of natural wetlands in the Delta was decreased from 2593.63 km2 in 1976 to 1639.60 km2 in 2016, a total area of 954.03 km2 was reduced. According to the model simulation, the natural wetland area in 2026 is predicted to be 1252.7 km2, the constructed wetland area will be 1265.0 km2, the non-wetland area will be 924.5 km2. The constructed wetland in the Yellow River Delta is increasing and spreading into the sea, but the area of natural wetland has been decreasing. If this trend be developed, the national natural wetland conservation target would not be realized. The results are of great significance to the wetland development planning, management and protection in the Yellow River Delta.
Using A Combination Of Chitosan, Methyl Jasmonate, and Cyclodextrin as an Effective Elicitation Strategy for Prenylated Stilbene Compound Production In Arachis Hypogaea L. Hairy Root Culture and Their Impact on Genomic DNA
Authors: Chayjarung Phadtraphorn , Poonsap Wannakan , Pankaew Chanyanut , Inmano Onrut , Kongbangkerd Anupan , Limmongkon Apinun
Published: April 2021

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) hairy roots are a potential tool for stilbene compound production. This study focuses on the most efficient elicitation strategy for inducing stilbene compound production, especially for the prenylated forms of trans-arachidin-1 and trans-arachidin-3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of simultaneous treatment involving chitosan (CHT), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and cyclodextrin (CD); CHT+MeJA+CD in peanut hairy roots to induce substantial amounts of trans-arachidin-1 and trans-arachidin-3 at 72 h of the elicitation period. The results demonstrate the highest amounts of trans-arachidin-1 and trans-arachidin-3, with 684.30 ± 183.85 and 543.94 ± 171.17 mg/g dry weight of hairy roots, respectively. The highest antioxidant capacity determined by ABTS and FRAP assays was 188.95 ± 0.43 µmol Trolox/g dry weight of hairy roots and 24.61 ± 0.50 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of hairy roots, respectively, while the highest phenolic content was also detected in this crude extract, with 8.67 ± 0.11 mg gallic acid/g dry weight of hairy roots. The antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity of the CHT+MeJA+CD crude extract in the protection and damage of DNA is of great interest and can have major positive impacts on health promotion and disease prevention.
Taurine Promotes Axonal Sprouting Through Mitochondrial Improvement in Stroke
Authors: He Weiliang , Tian Xiaochao , Zhang Kaihua , Wang Hebo
Published: April 2021

BackgroundBrain plasticity including axonal sprouting has been recognized in restoring motor function in ischemic stroke. Mitochondrion plays a crucial role in determining axonal sprouting in ischemic injury. Taurine (TAU) could protect brain against experimental stroke as one of the richest amino acids. However, the role of TAU on axonal sprouting and the specific potential mechanism on mitochondria of stroke were unclear. MethodsFocal cerebral cortical ischemia in C57BL/6 mice was preceded. Motor function was assayed by the Rota-Rod test on D7, D14, and D28 after stroke. Axonal sprouting was detected using immunocytochemistry with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). The expressions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PCG-1a) and Transcription factor A of mitochondria (TFAM) were measured by RT-qPCR. ResultsTAU treatment significantly recovered the motor function of focal cerebral cortical ischemic mice. And TAU promoted axonal sprouting. It was also observed that TAU enhanced mtDNA content, increased the levels of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PCG-1a) and Transcription factor A of mitochondria (TFAM). ConclusionsCollectively, the data illustrated that TAU exerted a promoting influence on axonal sprouting, through mitochondrial improvement in cerebral ischemic stroke.
A retrospective review of non‐intestinal‐Type adenocarcinoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus.
Authors: Li Jinmei , Chen Bei , Li Baofeng , Xu Jin , Ye Feng , Xu Yuting , Wu Shuhua , Cheng Shuqiong , Lu Yinghao , Guan Jian
Published: April 2021

Background: Adenocarcinomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus, which includes non-intestinal adenocarcinoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (n-ITAC), are rare and heterogeneous. The diagnosis of n-ITAC is commonly achieved by exclusion, and several entities of considerable biological diversity are included. The literature on n-ITAC is rarely reported. It is reported in the literature that the prognosis of most sinonasal adenocarcinomas still remains poor. We hope that the analysis can provide recommendations for the treatment of n-ITAC.Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, outcomes, prognostic factors and the best treatment of n-ITAC.Methods: We located the time on the PACS system of Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University from February 1995 to February 2020. We searched the keyword " n-ITAC " and selected pathology. A total of 16 patients were searched, of which 2 were undiagnosed and 1 lost follow-up. Finally, we analyzed a total of 13 n-ITAC patients.Results: The follow-up time was 34.6 months in average. The 1-year overall survival (OS) rate of G1 tumors was 100%, and the 3-year OS rate was 71.4%. The 1-and 3-year OS rates of G3 tumors were 50% and 16.7%, respectively. It was significantly associated with OS (p=0.03). Pathological grade is an independent prognostic factor. The OS of the surgery group was significantly better than that of the non-surgery group (1-year OS was 90.9% vs 0%, 3-year OS was 54.5% vs 0% P < 0.001). Surgery is an indispensable means of treatment and benefit. Patients with certain risk factors were given radical radiotherapy. The radiation dose for cases without surgery or with positive surgical margin was 66-70Gy/33F, and the dose for cases with negative margin was 60Gy/28F. Conclusions: N-ITAC is a rare disease, and high-grade tumors have a poor prognosis. Surgery is still the main treatment for n-ITAC. Patients with no surgery, high-grade tumors and/or positive surgical margins should be given radical radiotherapy, and preventive radiotherapy in the drainage area of the lymph node at the same time. If the margins are negative, the radiation dose can be appropriately reduced. Whether combined with chemotherapy and targeted therapy needs further study.
The Role of SRMS in Colorectal Cancer by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhang jie , Liu Weidong , Feng Sisi , Zhong Baiyun
Published: April 2021

Background:Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and N-terminal myristoylation sites (SRMS) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that has been found to be overexpressed in various tumors. Therefore, it may be an important carcinogenic factor whose role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been established. Methods: We evaluated the expression patterns of SRMS in CRC using GEPIA, Oncomine and HPA datasets while the association between SRMS and clinicopathological features was analyzed using a UALCAN dataset. LinkedOmics was used to determine co-expression and functional networks associated with SRMS. Besides, we used TISIDB to assess the correlation between SRMS and immune signatures, including tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immunomodulators. Lastly, protein-protein interaction network establishment and pathway enrichment analysis of the SRMS-associated 33 immunomodulators and 191 immune cell marker genes were performed using the STRING portal. Results: Compared to normal colorectal tissues, SRMS was found to be upregulated in CRC tissues, and was correlated with higher pathological stages and nodal metastasis status. Functional network analysis suggested that SRMS regulates intermediate filament-based processes, protein autophosphorylation, translational initiation and elongation signaling through pathways involving ribosomes, proteasomes, oxidative phosphorylation, and DNA replication. In addition, SRMS expression was correlated with infiltrating levels of CD4+ T cells, CD56dim, MEM B, Neutrophils, Th2, Th17, and Act DC. Pathway enrichment analysis of SRMS-associated 33 immunomodulators and 191 immune cell marker genes indicated that they are involved multiple cancer-related pathways. Conclusions: SRMS is a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for CRC patients. In particular, SRMS regulates CRC progression by modulating chemokines, IL-17, intestinal immune networks for IgA production, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathways among others. However, more studies are needed to validate these findings.
The number of load-bearing joint pains is related to locomotive syndrome. the Miyagawa study
Authors: Kitaura Yukie , Nishimura Akinobu , Senga Yoshiyuki , Sudo Akihiro
Published: April 2021

Background: Locomotive syndrome (LS) is defined as a condition in which a person's movement ability is impaired due to locomotive disorders. It is presumed that pains in the load-bearing joint are involved in the decline in mobility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between LS and the number of load-bearing joint pains in Japanese cohort.Methods: We surveyed 507 participants in the 8th-11th evaluations of the Miyagawa study. LS was defined as ≥ 16 points on the GLFS-25 questionnaire. The site of the painful joint was interviewed. The ratio of complications of multiple load-bearing joint pain was investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between LS and load-bearing joint pains.Results: The LS group (21.9%) had a 5.36 odds ratio [OR] for 2 pain sites and 8.96 OR for more than 3 pain sites, which was statistically significant compared to the no-LS group. 87.0% of participants with hip pain also had other load-bearing joint pain.Conclusions: People with hip pain tend to have other load-bearing joint pain. Since pain in 2 or more load-bearing joints is significantly associated with LS, early treatment of load-bearing joint pain and to suppress the number of load-bearing joint pain might be useful in preventing LS.
Added Prognostic Value of Plaque Burden to Computed Tomography Angiography and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Ibrahim , Han Yushui , Rifai Mahmoud Al , Alnabelsi Talal , Nabi Faisal , Chang Su Min , Chamsi-Pasha Mohammed A. , Nasir Khurram , Mahmarian John J , Cainzos-Achirica Miguel , Al-Mallah Mouaz H
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) - derived measures of coronary artery disease (CAD) burden such as segment involvement score (SIS), which quantifies the number of segments with plaque, have been shown to independently predict incident cardiovascular events. We aimed to compare the added prognostic value of plaque burden to CCTA anatomic assessment and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) physiologic assessment in a high-risk cohort undergoing both tests.Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent clinically indicated CCTA and SPECT myocardial imaging for suspected CAD at a tertiary care cardiology practice were included. Stenosis severity and SIS were determined from CCTA, and presence of ischemia was determined from SPECT. Patients were followed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, inclusive of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting 90-days after imaging test.)Results: A total of 956 patients were included. Mean age was 61.1 ± 14.2 years, 54% were men, 89% had hypertension, 81% had diabetes, 84% had dyslipidemia and 56% had recorded chest pain. Obstructive stenosis (left main ≥ 50%, all other coronary segments ≥ 70%) and ischemia were observed in similar number of patients (14%). After a median follow-up of 31 months, 102 patients (11%, 29.2 events per 1000 person-year) experienced a MACE. In multivariable Cox regression models, SIS significantly predicted outcomes and improved risk discrimination in models with CCTA obstructive stenosis (HR 1.15 95% CI 1.09 - 1.21 p= <0.001; Harrel’s C 0.74, p=0.008) and SPECT ischemia (HR 1.14 95% CI 1.08 - 1.20, p<0.001; Harrel’s C 0.76, p=0.019). Results were consistent using subgroups by plaque composition (calcified vs non-calcified) and lower thresholds of CCTA stenosis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that in high-risk patients with suspected CAD, plaque burden adds incremental prognostic value over established measures in predicting incident cardiovascular outcomes.
Differential role of cAMP, cGMP and Ca2+ and involvement of kinases and CBP-CREB-CRE pathway in regulation of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 gene in the pineal organ of air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Nonibala Hijam , Gupta Braj Bansh Prasad
Published: April 2021

Transcription of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (aanat2) gene leads to formation of AANAT2 - the rate-limiting enzyme in melatonin synthesis pathway in photosensitive fish pineal organ. However, unlike in avian and mammalian pineal gland, there is practically no information on signal transduction pathway(s) involved in regulation of aanat2 gene transcription in the fish pineal organ. Therefore, we investigated the role of important molecular components of signalling via cAMP, cGMP, Ca2+ involving PKA, PKG, PKC, MeK and p38 MAP kinase as well as possible role of serine/threonine phosphatases, CREB and CBP using their specific inhibitors and/or activators in aanat2 gene transcription in the fish pineal organ maintained under in vitro culture-conditions. db-cAMP and db-cGMP stimulated the expression of aanat2 gene. db-cAMP- and cGMP-induced aanat2 gene expression was significantly reduced in the presence of H-89 (specific inhibitor of PKA), KT5823 (specific inhibitor of PKG), chelerythrine chloride (specific inhibitor of PKC), U0126 ethanolate (specific inhibitor of MeK) and SB 202190 monohydrochloride hydrate (specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase). Inhibitors of PP1 and PP2A significantly increased aanat2 gene expression as well as significantly reduced cAMP- and cGMP-induced gene transcription, while inhibitor of PP2B had no effect on aanat2 gene expression. Inhibitors of both CREB and CBP-CREB interaction completely blocked cAMP-induced aanat2 gene transcription. Based on these findings, we suggest that cAMP, cGMP and Ca2+ stimulate aanat2 gene transcription via PKA, PKG and PKC, respectively. Further, protein phosphatases and CBP-CREB-CRE pathway are actively involved in regulation of on aanat2 gene expression in the fish pineal organ.
Title: MDA5 score--A Novel Lung Computed Tomography Scoring Method for Anti-Melanoma Differentiation-associated Gene 5-positive Dermatomyositis
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Wu Wanlong , Zhang Danting , Chen Zhiwei , Zheng Yu , Tao Xinwei , Zhao Jiangfeng , Wang Kaiwen , Wang Xiaodong , Ye Shuang
Published: April 2021

Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (MDA5+ DM-ILD) is a life-threatening disease. This study aimed to develop a novel pulmonary CT visual scoring method for assessing the prognosis of the disease, and an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm-based analysis and an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)-based scoring were conducted as comparators. A prospective cohort of hospitalized patients with MDA5+ DM-ILD was analyzed. Since most fatalities occur within the first half year of the disease course, the primary outcome was the six-month all-cause mortality since the time of admission. A ground glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation-weighted CT visual scoring model for MDA5+ DM-ILD, namely ‘MDA5 score’, was then developed with C-index values of 0.80 (95%CI 0.75–0.86) in the derivation dataset (n = 116) and 0.84 (95%CI 0.71–0.97) in the validation dataset (n = 57), respectively. While, the AI algorithm-based analysis, namely ‘AI score’, yielded C-index 0.78 (95%CI 0.72–0.84) for the derivation dataset and 0.77 (95%CI 0.64–0.90) for the validation dataset. These findings suggest that the newly derived ‘MDA5 score’ may serve as an applicable prognostic predictor for MDA5+ DM-ILD and facilitate further clinical trial design. The AI based CT quantitative analysis provided a promising solution for ILD evaluation.
Design and calculation of photoelectric properties of type-II superlattice photodetectors with diffraction ring structure
Authors: Du Yanan , Xu Yun , Cheng Bo , Song Guofeng
Published: April 2021

The photoelectric properties of type-II superlattices (T2SLs) infrared detectors with diffraction ring resonance structure are calculated and studied in this paper. In order to improve the quantum efficiency (QE), diffraction rings are designed on the top surface of T2SLs detectors to control the incident light inside. The maximum QE of ordinary detector is about 30%, while the detector with square diffraction rings is about 80%, and the detector with circular diffraction rings is about 60%. It shows that the structures with diffraction ring can significantly improve the QE of photodetectors. In addition, the size and shape of the resonator are studied. it is obvious that the optimization effect of the square diffraction ring is better than that of the circular diffraction ring, and the square diffraction ring is insensitive to the size change, so it is suitable for the manufacture of practical photodetectors. At the same time, the dark current mechanism of the detector is analyzed and the corresponding specific detectivity is calculated.
On the machine swing dynamics: a perspective 
Authors: Medewar Prashant G. , Sharma Shambhu N.
Published: April 2021

A formal approach to rephrase nonlinear filtering of stochastic differential equations is the Kushner setting in applied mathematics and dynamical systems. Thanks to the ability of the Carleman linearization, the ‘nonlinear’ stochastic differential equation can be equivalently expressed as a finite system of ‘bilinear’ stochastic differential equations with the augmented state under the finite closure. Interestingly, the novelty of this paper is to embed the Carleman linearization into a stochastic evolution of the Markov process. To illustrate the Carleman linearization of the Markov process, this paper embeds the Carleman linearization into a nonlinear swing stochastic differential equation. Furthermore, we achieve the nonlinear swing equation filtering in the Carleman setting. Filtering in the Carleman setting has simplified algorithmic procedure. The concerning augmented state accounts for the nonlinearity as well as stochasticity. We show that filtering of the nonlinear stochastic swing equation in the Carleman framework is more refined as well as sharper in contrast to benchmark nonlinear EKF. This paper suggests the usefulness of the Carleman embedding into the stochastic differential equation to filter the concerning nonlinear stochastic differential system. This paper will be of interest to nonlinear stochastic dynamists exploring and unfolding linearization embedding techniques to their research.
A Novel Approach for Prioritization of Critical Factors Affecting the Performance of health care based on Best-Worst Method: A prospective approach
Authors: Shojaei Payam , pourmohammadi Kimia , Bastani Peivand , Hatam Nahid , Hayati Ramin
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The Best-Worst Method is considered as a novel and innovative way to identify and prioritize ever-changing internal and external factors affecting health care performance. Results: After screening the large number of factors using the “content validity ratio”, a Pairwise comparisons were conducted between the best and the worst criteria and the other one. Then Modeling the research problem through linear programming and finding the optimal weights.the most effective internal factors from the experts’ viewpoint were the financial indicators such as “the ratio of personnel wage costs to the total revenues”. The most important external factor that was “structure of the payment system and strategic service purchasing by insurance”.external factors had greater impacts on the performance of public hospitals than internal factors. Therefore, when assessing the performance and improvement interventions of hospital, not only internal indicators should be measured, but also external factors, including political and economic policies and approaches governing the health system need to be taken into account.
Diagnostic accuracy of IGF-1 for screening growth hormone deficiency: a prospective, single-center, diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Iwayama Hideyuki , Kitagawa Sachiko , Sada Jyun , Miyamoto Ryosuke , Hayakawa Tomohito , Kuroyanagi Yoshiyuki , Muto Taichiro , Kurahashi Hirokazu , Ohashi Wataru , Takagi Junko , Okumura Akihisa
Published: April 2021

Purpose

We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) for screening growth hormone deficiency (GHD) to determine the usefulness of IGF-1 as a screening test.
Methods

On 298 consecutive children who had short stature or decreased height velocity, we measured IGF-1 levels and performed growth hormone (GH) secretion test using clonidine, arginine, and, in cases with different results of the two tests, L-dopa. Patients with congenital abnormalities were excluded. GHD was defined as peak GH ≤ 6.0 ng/mL in the two tests.
Results

We identified 60 and 238 patients with and without GHD, respectively. The mean IGF-1 (SD) was not significantly different between the GHD and non-GHD groups (p = 0.23). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated the best diagnostic accuracy at an IGF-1 cutoff of −1.493 SD, with sensitivity of 0.685, specificity of 0.417, positive predictive value of 0.25, negative predictive value of 0.823, and area under the curve of 0.517. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient showed that IGF-1 (SD) was weakly correlated with age, bone age, height velocity before examination, weight (SD), and BMI (SD) and very weakly correlated with height (SD), target height (SD), and maximum GH peak.
Conclusion

IGF-1 level had poor diagnostic accuracy as a screening test for GHD. Correlation analysis revealed that none of the items increased the diagnostic power of IGF-1. Therefore, IGF-1 should not be used alone in the screening of GHD. A predictive biomarker for GHD should be developed in the future.
The effect of Epstein – Barr Virus Viremia on the Progression to Severe COVID-19
Authors: Im Jae Hyoung , Nahm Chung Hyun , Je Young Soo , Lee Jin-Soo , Kwon Hea Yoon , Chung Moon-Hyun , Jang Ji-Hun , Kim Jeong Soo , Lim Jun Hyeok , Park Mi Hwa , Baek Ji Hyeon
Published: April 2021

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can reactivate several latent viruses. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a latent virus that is frequently reactivated in patients with critical illnesses. Recently, a high incidence of viremia has been reported in patients with severe COVID-19. However, it is unclear whether EBV viremia is the result of the severity of COVID-19 or if it affects the severity of COVID-19. Therefore, we conducted a cohort study to evaluate the effects of EBV on the progression of COVID-19.MethodsWe compared the incidence of EBV viremia between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in patients with COVID-19. We also observed that patients with COVID-19 with EBV viremia progressed to severe pneumonia more often than those without EBV viremia.ResultsTwo hundred and nine patients with COVID-19 were compared with the control (non-COVID-19) group. The incidence of EBV viremia was lower in the COVID-19 group than in the non-COVID-19 group (17.1% vs. 26.8%, P=0.034). In the subgroup analysis of the COVID-19 group, the EBV-positive group patients had more severe COVID-19 infection than the EBV-negative group (SAPS II, 22.3 vs. 17.4%; P=0.002). However, progression to moderate or severe pneumonia in patients with mild COVID-19 was rather high in the EBV-negative group (not statistically significant), contrary to our expectations.ConclusionsAlthough the severity of COVID-19 may affect EBV viremia, there is no evidence that EBV viremia is a factor that exacerbates pneumonia in patients with early COVID-19. The effect of EBV viremia on prolonged organizing pneumonia should be further studied.
Nationwide Outcomes of Simultaneous Resection of Primary Colorectal Cancer and Synchronous Liver Metastases
Authors: Bowers Kara D , Rice Allison , Parreco Joshua , Castillo Alvaro
Published: April 2021

Background Of the few studies comparing simultaneous versus staged resection of primary colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases, most are limited to resections performed at the same facility. This study was performed to compare outcomes of simultaneous versus staged resection in these patients, including resections performed at a different center. Methods The Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried for all patients undergoing colorectal cancer and metastatic liver resections in the US from 2010 to 2014. Patients undergoing simultaneous resections were compared to patients who underwent liver and colon resections on separate admissions, both liver first and colon first. The outcomes of interest were in-hospital mortality, complications, and total cost. Results During the study period, there were 6,219 patients undergoing resection of primary colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases. Separate admission resection was performed at a different hospital in 45.8%. Compared to simultaneous resection, there was a reduced risk for mortality in patients undergoing colon first (OR 0.28, p<0.01) and there was no significant difference in performing liver resection first (OR 0.30, p=0.05). Simultaneous resection was associated with a decreased mean total cost of admissions compared to separate admission resection ($37,278 ±​$34,353 versus $47,985 ​±$​ 28,342, p<0.01). Conclusions Nearly half of separate admission resections of primary colorectal cancer and liver metastases are performed at different hospitals and likely missed by single-center studies. Undergoing colon resection first on a separate admission is costlier, yet patients have more favorable outcomes. Further studies are needed to reveal the underlying factors responsible for these improved outcomes.
Changes in mental well-being in Hong Kong before and during social unrest and COVID-19
Authors: Wong Ming Yin Stephanie , Siu Ling Tsz Theresa , Hui Lai Ming Christy , Chan Kit Wa Sherry , Lee Ho Ming Edwin , Chang Wing Chung , Suen Yi-nam , Chen Yu Hai Eric
Published: April 2021

Purpose Understanding the impact of co-occurring population- and individual-level stressful events on mental well-being should inform future intervention design. This study examined the association of two population-level stressful events (social unrest and COVID-19) and personal stressors with life satisfaction in Hong Kong.Methods This study analyzed data on life satisfaction, experience of stressful life events (SLEs), rumination, and resilience, from two representative population telephone surveys conducted in 2018 (n = 1,514) and 2020 (n = 1,258). The association between life satisfaction and personal SLEs was further compared between the two samples using moderation analysis. Using data from the 2020 survey, the effect of different types of SLEs, rumination, and resilience on life satisfaction was investigated using hierarchical regression analysis.Results The study achieved a response rate of 56.2% and 68.9% for surveys 2018 and 2020, respectively. Life satisfaction of the population decreased significantly in 2020, accompanied by an overall increase in SLEs. Moderation analysis revealed that the relationship between personal SLEs and life satisfaction was significantly greater in 2018 than in 2020. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that an increase in all kinds of SLEs and higher levels of rumination were significantly associated with lower life satisfaction in 2020.Conclusion The significant reduction in life satisfaction reported in this study suggests that measures to support the mental health of populations that have experienced multiple simultaneous, large-scale stressors would be crucial. During distinctive phases as such, rumination may be a potential target for improving overall mental health.
Towards Understanding ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT)
Authors: Greinacher Andreas , Selleng Kathleen , Wesche Jan , Handtke Stefan , Palankar Raghavendra , Aurich Konstanze , Lalk Michael , Methling Karen , Völker Uwe , Hentschker Christian , Michalik Stephan , Steil Leif , Schönborn Linda , Beer Martin , Franzke Kati , Rangaswamy Chandini , Mailer Reiner K. , Thiele Thomas , Kochanek Stefan , Krutzke Lea , Siegerist Florian , Endlich Nicole , Warkentin Theodore E. , Renné Thomas
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCov-19 rarely causes vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) that—like autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia—is mediated by platelet-activating anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies.MethodsWe investigated vaccine, PF4, and VITT patient-derived anti-PF4 antibody interactions using dynamic light scattering, 3D-super-resolution microscopy, and electron microscopy. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze vaccine composition. We investigated the mechanism for early post-vaccine inflammatory reactions as potential co-stimulant for anti-PF4 immune response. Finally, we evaluated VITT antibodies for inducing release of procoagulant DNA-containing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and measured DNase activity in VITT patient serum.ResultsBiophysical analyses showed formation of complexes between PF4 and vaccine constituents, including virus proteins that were recognized by VITT antibodies. EDTA, a vaccine constituent, increased microvascular leakage in mice allowing for circulation of virus- and virus-producing cell culture-derived proteins. Antibodies in normal sera cross-reacted with human proteins in the vaccine and likely contribute to commonly observed acute ChAdOx1 nCov-19 post-vaccination inflammatory reactions. Polyphosphates and DNA enhanced PF4-dependent platelet activation by VITT antibodies. In the presence of platelets, PF4 enhanced VITT antibody-driven procoagulant NETs formation, while DNase activity was reduced in VITT sera, with granulocyte-rich cerebral vein thrombosis observed in a VITT patient.ConclusionsChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine constituents (i) form antigenic complexes with PF4, (ii) EDTA increases microvascular permeability, and (iii) vaccine components cause acute inflammatory reactions. Antigen formation in a proinflammatory milieu offers an explanation for anti-PF4 antibody production. High-titer anti-PF4 antibodies activate platelets and induce neutrophil activation and NETs formation, fueling the VITT prothrombotic response.
The Physics of Detonation Chemistry: A Radical Theory in Predicting the Deflagration to Detonation Transition and Environmental Explosions
Authors: Kumar V.R. Sanal , Chandrasekaran Nichith , Sankar Vigneshwaran , Sukumaran Ajith , Mani Sivabalan , kumar Tharikaa Ramesh , Padmanabhan Sathyan , Saravanan Vignesh , Natarajan Vishnu , Doddi Hema Sai Nagaraju , Nejaamtheen Mohammed Niyasdeen , Rafic Sulthan Ariff Rahman Mohamed , Baskaran Roshan Vignesh , Murugesh Pavithra , Mariappan Amrith , U.K Thianesh , moorthi Anand , Elumalai Mohan , Pavalavanni Pradeep Kumar , Bharath Rajaghatta Sundararam , Oommen Charlie , Radhakrishnan Pradeep Kumar , Choudhary Shiv Kumar
Published: April 2021

The theoretical finding of the Sanal-flow-choking [PMCID: PMC7267099] and streamtube flow choking (V.R.Sanal Kumar et al., Physics of Fluids, Vol.33, No.3, 2021, DOI: 10.1063/5.0040440) are methodological advancements in predicting the deflagration-to-detonation-transition (DDT) in the real-world-fluid flows (continuum/non-continuum) with credibility.[1,2] Herein, we provide a proof of the concept of the Sanal-flow-choking and streamtube-flow-choking causing DDT in wall-bounded and free-external flows. Once the streamlines compacted, the considerable pressure difference attains inside the streamtube and the flow gets accelerated to the constricted region for satisfying the continuity condition set by the conservation law of nature. If the shape of the streamtube in the internal/external flow is similar to the convergent-divergent (CD) duct the phenomenon of the Sanal-flow-choking and supersonic flow development occurs at a critical-total-to-static pressure ratio (CPR) in yocto to yotta scale systems and beyond, which leads to shock wave generation or detonation as the case may me. At the lower critical detonation or hemorrhage index, the CPR of the reacting flow and the critical blood-pressure-ratio (BPR) of the subjects (human being/animal) are unique functions of the heat-capacity-ratio (HCR) of the evolved gas in the CD duct (V.R.Sanal Kumar et al., Global Challenges, Wiley Publication, January 2021, DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000076, PMCID: PMC7933821; Sanal Kumar V.R et al. Stroke, Vol. 52, Issue Suppl_11 March 2021, doi.org/10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.P804). In silico results are presented herein to establish the proof of the concept of the Sanal-flow-choking and streamtube-flow-choking causing shock-wave/detonation in diabatic flow systems and asymptomatic-hemorrhagic-stroke in biological systems. The physics of detonation chemistry presented herein sheds light for exploring environmental and supernova explosions.[107] In silico results reported herein provide an authentic answer to many unresolved research questions in Physics in general and aerospace, mechanical, biological, chemical, energy, environmental, nano and material sciences in particular.
CALCULATION OF ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE NUMBER OF BUS FLIGHTS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors:   International University of Kyrgyzstan, Lim I.
Published: April 2021

Road transport is the most important component of the unified transport system and industrial infrastructure of the country. Its stable and effective functioning is a prerequisite for the structural transformation of the economy into a digital one, which is marked as “Digital Kyrgyzstan”. In this regard, it became necessary to calculate the economic feasibility and optimization of the number of bus trips based on digital technologies aimed at creating a rational organized system of public transport, which in turn will be practical and convenient to use, as well as fast, safe and affordable. In the article, based on the proposed: an architectural scheme of digital transformation of the intercity passenger transportation management system and a mathematical model of 1 pilot month of work, the following are determined: revenue, costs and profit before and after the implementation of the system for each day of the pilot month. All the results obtained give reason to believe that the implementation of this system is effective, thereby substantiating the rationality of this approach in obtaining “digital profit”. The use of digital technologies in this area contributes to the growth of national prosperity and transparency in the management of the transport system and industrial infrastructure of both public and private transport in the republic
ECONOMIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE TRANSBAIKAL REGION: TERRITORIAL SUB-LEVELS AND INSTITUTIONAL COMPONENT
Authors:   Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Parfenova K. , Baranova O. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: April 2021

The article considers the aspects of changes in the economic and geographical position (EGP) of the Transbaikal Region at different territorial levels, and the factors that determine it. The aim of the study is to analyze the changes in the EGP of the region in historical retrospect, as well as to determine the possible influence of traditional factors and new factors of the institutional environment on these micro-level processes. It was revealed that there was a change in the emphasis on the importance of the Transbaikal Region at the macro and micro levels: the mineral and geological importance of the region in the country significantly decreased with the transition to market relations, while opportunities for cross-border cooperation with China and Mongolia opened up. Currently, special attention is drawn to factors of an institutional nature that can have a certain impact on the economic development of the territory. The focus of the study is on the micro-level of the region, where the Udokan field development project in the north of the Transbaikal Region is currently being implemented within the framework of the concept of the Territory of Advanced development (TOP) project «Northern Transbaikalia». The authors hypothesize that informal norms determining the economic behaviour of the population can resist state institutions that can influence the change in EGP. This confrontation has not been studied either in the Transbaikal Region or in other subjects of the Far East, where new mechanisms of state administration are being implemented. A fundamental factor in the development of the model territory of the north of the Transbaikal Region is its high resource availability. A significant role in the process of changing the EGP is played by the state Institute of the Territory of Advanced Development (TOP) «Northern Transbaikalia», which corrects the effect of traditional factors due to administrative and tax preferences. Informal institutional factors may be the environmental consequences of the development of the field and their possible impact on the traditional nature management of the indigenous small – numbered peoples of the north of the Transbaikal Region – the Evenks
POLITICAL MODERNIZATION OF RUSSIA: TO THE HISTORY OF THE PROBLEM STUDY
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Ivanova M.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the history of the Russian political modernization study by domestic authors. The relevance of the topic is due to the importance of political modernization for the development of Russian society and the need to systematize the results obtained in its research. The object of the research is concepts of political modernization of Russia in the works of Russian scientists 1990-2020. The subject of the research is the methodological foundations of the concepts of Russian political modernization that dominate in two time periods: 1990-2013 and 2014-2020. The purpose of the study is to identify the evolution of the dominant methodological approaches to the study of the political modernization of Russia in the works of domestic specialists in 1990-2020. The objectives of the study are the following: 1) to determine the methodological foundations of the Russian political modernization concepts that dominated in 1990-2013. 2) to analyze the distinctive features of the study of political modernization of Russia in 2014-2020 in the light of the local-civilizational approach. The author has used historical and comparative methodological approaches, hermeneutical method, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and abstraction. As a result of a huge number of foreign and domestic studies of Russian political modernization, its general patterns and specifics were identified, a methodological analysis of the concepts of modernization, democratization and Westernization was presented, as well as the methodological features of the formational and civilizational approaches to its study were analyzed. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that two periods in the study of Russian political modernization by domestic scientists are identified: 1990-2013 and 2014-2021, and a comparative analysis of the methodological approaches that dominate in these two historical periods is carried out. The author’s contribution is represented by the following results. The first period (1990-2013) is characterized by the dominance of studies that use the formational method and the stadial-civilizational method. At the same time, the sphere of production is recognized as the basis of society, and the main task of political modernization is to ensure economic modernization. In the second period, research based on the concept of multiple moderns and the local-civilizational method prevails. On the basis of this method, scientists have made the subject of research the civilizational features of Russia, its spiritual and cultural sphere, abstracting from the general patterns of production development and political modernization
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR FORMING A STRATEGY FOR THE ACTIVITY OF A REGIONAL CAR DEALER NETWORK
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Gonin V. , Bochkareva I. ,   Transbaikal State University, Gonin A. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: April 2021

Within the framework of this article, the method of forming a strategy for the activity of a regional dealer network for the sale of cars is considered. Based on the analysis of existing approaches, the authors proposed a block diagram of the development and implementation of the strategy. The methodology defines the sequence and content of the stages of forming the strategy of the dealer network for the sale of cars. The algorithm presents the interaction of strategic and tactical planning systems, which allows tracking the implementation of strategic tasks in the implementation of tactical plans. Application of this algorithm made it possible to develop a strategy for the dealer network for the sale of cars. “Sadko Motors +” operating in the Transbaikal Region. The strategy is designed for the period from 2020 to 2023. The chosen strategy allows improving the performance of the network and ensuring a stable competitive position of car dealerships that are part of its dealer network
Rules of Practices: On the Methodology in the Work of Michel Foucault
Authors: Urošević Milan
Published: April 2021

The subject of this paper is the methodology Michel Foucault used in his work. In the paper we will try to show a continuity in his work through the concept of “rules”. We will examine how Foucault used the notion of rules in the three methodological approaches found in his research. In the first section we will show how he used the notion of rules in his archeological method aimed at researching discursive practices. Then we will examine how he used the notion of rules in his genealogical method through which he combined the research of discursive and non-discursive practices. Lastly we will examine the third period of his work in which he researched the rules for forming subjectivity. In the end we will give a general understanding of Foucault’s methodology in the light of the concept of rules which will be named “interpretative analytics of practice” and then relate it to his understanding of the ontology of those rules. Our paper will be concluded by pointing out some of Foucault’s ideas about a non-scientific role his scientific work should have.
An update on the Duffy blood group system
Authors: Meny G.M.
Published: April 2021

This update of the Duffy (FY) blood group system (Meny GM. The Duffy blood group system: a review. Immunohematology 2010;26:51–6) includes additional variants to the Duffy system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 8; five antigens) identified through molecular studies. The most interesting clinical updates, however, include further evaluation of the roles of the Duffy glycoprotein, also known as the atypical chemokine receptor 1, in malaria and hematopoiesis. The transition to understanding the important role of blood group antigens in homeostasis and disease continues.
La Universidad y su papel en la crisis civilizatoria
Authors: Rodríguez Alfonso Insuasty , Sánchez Sánchez Luis Fernando
Published: April 2021

Hemos de resignificar el papel de la Universidad hoy ante esta profunda crisis civilizatoria; el punto de partida será lograr un acuerdo común para rescatarla y jamás permitir que sea ella una correa de transmisión de un modelo económico, político y social negador del sujeto, despojador y colonial; por el contrario, potenciarla como eje de las transformaciones esenciales que hoy la vida y los seres humanos necesitamos