bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importancia de la educación publicitaria
Authors: Pellicer Jordá María Teresa
Published: September 2016

El presente trabajo analiza la publicidad y la necesidad de educar a la población en esta materia. Nuestro objetivo con este artículo es demostrar la necesidad de  educar a la ciudadanía, especialmente a los niños, para que aprendan a leer publicidad y, así, minimizar sus efectos negativos en la sociedad. Para ello, vamos a analizar la situación publicitaria actual, prestando especial atención al público infantil, con el fin de conocer y entender con mayor detalle la necesidad de una educación publicitaria. También conoceremos la importancia de la escuela en esta labor que planteamos. Todo esto nos permitirá concluir que – al igual que ocurre en el resto de ámbitos de la vida- la educación es la única opción para solucionar todos los problemas que se derivan del gran volumen de anuncios al que estamos expuestos cada día, para hacer ciudadanos realmente libres respecto al consumo y de ofrecer a la sociedad una auténtica capacidad autónoma respecto a la publicidad, como herramienta del sector capitalista.
Some Observations on Fracture under Combined Loading
Authors: Lindsey G. H.
Published: September 2016

Observations are made concerning comparative fracture behavior of cracked and uncracked specimens under combined loading conditions. A theory is proposed which provides a general fracture criterion for mixed mode crack extension and which unifies the treatment of elastic fracture problems in initially cracked and uncracked geometries. All observations are supported by experimental fracture results taken from the literature on polymethyl-methacrylate and glass.
Interaction of Cracks with Rigid Inclusions in Longitudinal Shear Deformation. II. Further Results
Authors: Sendeckyj G. P.
Published: September 2016

Three problems dealing with the interaction of cracks with rigid cylindrical inclusions are considered for the case of longitudinal shear deformation. An accurate approximate solution is derived for a crack perpendicular to the line of centers and midway between the two inclusions. Also, two simple closed form solutions are presented for a rigid fiber imperfectly bonded to the matrix. Application of the results to fracture of composite materials is considered.
Prior to Failure Extension of Flaws in a Rate Sensitive Tresca Solid
Authors: Wnuk M. P.
Published: September 2016

Theoretical analysis shows that the amount of slow growth occuring prior to fracture in a plane stress tension specimen, subjected to a subcritical stress intensity level, is affected by the following parameters: 1. ductility and rheological sensitivity of the material, 2. rate of loading, 3. initial crack size, and 4. geometrical configuration of the test. These parameters enter the governing nonlinear differential equation which describes the quasi-static crack extension in a rate-sensitive Tresca solid. Examples of numerical integration are given and employed to predict the maximum fracture toughness attained in a plane stress tension test.
Effect of a Loading Sequence on Threshold Stress Intensity Determination
Authors: Harrigan W. C. , Dull D. L. , Raymond L.
Published: September 2016

The effect of a loading sequence on the stress corrosion cracking of AISI 4340 steel and Ladish D6AC steel in an aqueous environment has been studied with double-cantilever beam specimens. The loading sequence was found to influence an incubation time period for the initiation of crack propagation as the stress intensity (K) changed. When the stress intensity was decreased during stress-corrosion testing, the incubation time was dependent upon the change in stress intensity and the final stress intensity (Kf). When the stress intensity was increased, an incubation time was not found. However, the loading sequence did not influence the steady-state crack growth rates. The loading sequence effect is shown to cause interpretation problems when specific time periods are used for the determination of the threshold stress intensity (KIscc), especially after the specimens have been prestressed.
Some Further Results of J-Integral Analysis and Estimates
Authors: Rice J. R. , Paris P. C. , Merkle J. G.
Published: September 2016

It is shown that the J-integral can be directly evaluated from single load-displacement records for a series of crack toughness specimens having the common feature that their only significant length dimension is that of the uncracked ligament. For the special case of bending loads on the ligament of a deeply cracked bar, J is shown to be twice the work of deformation divided by the ligament area. This and like results are employed to discuss Charpy and “equivalent energy” toughness measures and also to evolve yet simpler estimating procedures for the J-integral.
Analytical Applications of the J-Integral
Authors: Merkle J. G.
Published: September 2016

It has recently been shown by experiment that a quantity known as the J-Integral may be a useful fracture criterion in the inelastic range. The mathematical definition of the J-lntegral is first used here, in combination with some simplifying assumptions, to derive the known relationship between the conventional elastic stress concentration factor of a sharp notch and the elastic stress intensity factor for a crack of the same shape. The same assumptions, together with a generalization of Neuber's equation for the inelastic stress and strain concentration factors for a sharp notch, are then used to derive a relationship between the J-Integral and the parameter KIcd of the Equivalent Energy Method. The purpose of this derivation is to identify a set of assumptions which, in combination, lead to an explicit relationship between the two parameters. A graphical procedure for estimating upper and lower bounds on the full restraint value of the fracture toughness is also discussed.
Dynamic Tear Tests of 3-In.-Thick Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Judy R. W. , Goode R. J.
Published: September 2016

The dynamic tear (DT) test was developed for characterization of the fracture resistance properties of metals over the entire range of strength and toughness. The fracture extension resistance curve (R-curve), which is determined by DT test procedures, indicates the fracture state (elastic or plastic) and the level of resistance to crack extension in terms of the required energy per unit extension. R-curves were determined for four aluminum alloys in 3-in.-thick section. These materials had been tested by standard fracture mechanics procedures. R-curves for full thickness and for 1 and 0.625-in. section sizes are compared to results of KIc tests. The R-curve data are also presented in terms of an equation involving specimen cross-section dimensions and a constant which is related to R-curve slope.
Structure of Polymers and Fatigue Crack Propagation
Authors: Hertzberg R. W. , Manson J. A. , Wu W. C.
Published: September 2016

The fatigue crack propagation behavior of a very wide range of engineering plastics was examined. Crack growth rates per cycle were found to be a power function of the applied stress intensity factor range. In contrast to metals, the relative performance of the polymers examined was seen to vary widely, presumably because of major differences in structural features, viscoelastic response, and deformation mechanisms. For example, it was observed that resistance to fatigue crack advance was enhanced by the presence of crystalline regions and by the addition of rubbery inclusions.
Experimentally Determined Shape Factors for Deep Part-Through Cracks in a Thick-Walled Pressure Vessel
Authors: Derby R. W.
Published: September 2016

Fracture mechanics shape factors for deep, part-through cracks in thick-walled epoxy pressure vessel were determined experimentally and compared with three theoretical estimates. The agreement was especially good for cracks of depth approximately equal to half the wall thickness. The fracture toughness, KIc, of the epoxy was measured with ½-in. square beams loaded in four-point bending and was found to be 929 psi in.
Small Fiber Neuropathy in Children: Two Case Reports Illustrating the Importance of Recognition
Authors: Hoeijmakers Janneke G.J. , Faber Catharina G. , Miedema Carien J. , Merkies Ingemar S.J. , Vles Johan S.H.
Published: September 2016

Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is a debilitating condition that often leads to pain and autonomic dysfunction. In the last few decades, SFN has been gaining more attention, particularly in adults. However, literature about SFN in children remains limited. The present article reports the cases of 2 adolescent girls diagnosed with SFN. The first patient (14 years of age) complained about painful itch and tingling in her legs, as well as dysautonomia symptoms for years. She also reported a red/purple-type discoloration of her legs aggravated by warmth and standing, compatible with erythromelalgia. The diagnosis of SFN was confirmed by a reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) in skin biopsy sample. No underlying conditions were found. Symptomatic neuropathic pain treatment was started with moderate effect. The second patient (16 years of age) developed painful sensations in both feet and hands 6 weeks after an ICU admission for diabetic ketoacidosis, which included dysautonomia symptoms. She also exhibited some signs of erythromelalgia. The patient was diagnosed with predominant SFN (abnormal IENFD and quantitative sensory testing) as well as minor large nerve fiber involvement. Treatment with duloxetine, combined with a rehabilitation program, resulted in a marked improvement in her daily functioning. Although the SFN diagnosis in these 2 cases could be established according to the definition of SFN used in adults, additional diagnostic tools are needed that may be more appropriate for children. Additional information about the course of SFN in children may result in better treatment options.
Divertículos en yeyuno
Authors: Navarro Moya Silvia , Ramírez Valverde José Miguel
Published: September 2016

Paciente masculino de 55 años, costarricense, constructor, con historia de sangrado digestivo alto secundario a consumo de anti-inflamatorios no esteroideos, consulta por cuadro de tres días de evolución de hematoquecia, se realiza gastroscopía que evidencia gastritis erosiva, por lo que paciente es egresado con tratamiento oral. Dos días después paciente reconsulta al servicio de emergencias con cuadro de hematoquecia, se documenta sangrado digestivo bajo, laboratorios evidencian anemia profunda por lo cual amerita transfusión masiva. La colonoscopía documenta divertículos aislados en colon sigmoides, el paciente es dejado en observación, y horasdespués presenta inestabilidad hemodinámica, por lo que se decide llevar a sala de operaciones, se documentan divertículos con sangrado activo en yeyuno y se resecan 80 cm del mismo. Paciente es trasladado a Unidad Cuidados Intensivos en el postoperatorio inmediato y es egresado seis días después sin complicaciones.
ISLA DEL COCO Patrimonio natural y cultural de Costa Rica.
Authors: Briceño Rodríguez Luis Fernando
Published: September 2016

ISLA DEL COCO – Patrimonio natural y cultural de Costa Rica es un libro que aborda en una forma integral aspectos geográficos, históricos, legales y naturales de la isla; así como la narrativa de las vivencias del autor durante sus viajes a este Parque Nacional costarricense Con esta publicación el autor pretende “trasladar mentalmente” a sus lectores a tan paradisiaco sitio insular y transmitir la importancia que la Isla del Coco representa para Costa Rica
Patogénesis de la enfermedad por virus del dengue. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Beita Jiménez Josué , Salazar Arias Nazaret , Valverde Gòmez Michael
Published: September 2016

El virus del dengue (DENV) pertenece a la Familia Flaviviridae, es transmitido por mosquitos del género Aedes; presenta una distribución mundial extensa, por lo que representa un problema de salud pública. Es un virus ARN, con tropismos por múltiples células en el Humano, con un ciclo de reproducción bien establecido y estudiado. Ese ARN codifica para tres proteínas estructurales y siete no estructurales, con diferentes funciones e implicaciones patogénicas. Presenta 5 serotipos, 4 de importancia médica actual. Puede presentarse de manera asintomática o sintomática. Este último se clasifica según la Organización Mundial de la Saludo (OMS) como Dengue y Dengue grave, el primero autolimitado y sin implicaciones severas, y el segundo con consecuencias clínicas que van desde fuga capilar leve, hasta formación de terceros espacios, fenómenos hemorrágicos, alteraciones gastrointestinales y neurológicas e inestabilidad hemodinámica. Se ha identificado una respuesta inmune a una primo infección que por lo general es menos severa que la segunda infección por un serotipo heterólogo. En este último escenario, se puede dar una respuesta intensificada anticuerpo dependiente (traducción del inglés antibodydependent enhancement), que aumenta la respuesta inflamatoria y tiene el potencial de causar un deterioro mayor, favoreciendo las presentaciones clínicas de Dengue severo
Trismus: un reto en la rehabilitación oncológica
Authors: Quirós Delgado Alejandra , Úcles Vanessa
Published: September 2016

La resección quirúrgica, la radioterapia y la qui-mioradioterapia son las modalidades primarias para el tratamiento de cáncer de cabeza y cuello. El trismus puede ocurrir como un problema pre-existente o desarrollarse como una secuela en el tratamiento de este tipo de cáncer. El trismus o hipomovilidad de la boca, es el resultado de restricción y limitación del rango de movimiento normal de la boca. Se define como una apertura de la boca de 35 mm o menos. El trismus provo-ca implicaciones significativas en la salud y las actividades de la vida diaria. No existe evidencia de cómo debe ser prevenido y limitado, ni proto-colos de tratamiento, pero hay información de técnicas terapéuticas que pueden ayudar a tratar-lo. En presencia de trismus severo o refractario a terapia, existe el manejo quirúrgico. Es necesaria una evaluación y manejo oportuno e integral por un equipo de rehabilitación, con el fin de evitar comorbilidades que comprometan la salud y su calidad de vida del paciente.
Vacuna contra virus del Papiloma Humano: Análisis de esquemas de dos dosificaciones
Authors: Acuña Rojas Karen , Vega Quesada Marco , Salazar Arias Nazaret , Escalante Gómez Carlos
Published: September 2016

La infección por el virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) es la enfermedad de transmisión sexual más frecuente alrededor del mundo, documenta-da tanto en mujeres como en hombres. Debido a su papel etiológico en el desarrollo de lesiones premalignas y malignas en diversos sitios anató-micos, se han desarrollado vacunas como herra-mientas en prevención primaria de estas neopla-sias y principalmente en el cáncer de cérvix. Las vacunas aprobadas han demostrado ser altamente efectivas en evitar la transmisión del VPH y el desarrollo de enfermedades relacionadas con su infección, al ser utilizados en esquemas conven-cionales de tres dosis. Sin embargo, su alto costo y la falta de consistencia en sistemas de dosifica-ción son el principal obstáculo para el éxito. Es por esta razón, que en la actualidad se han reali-zado numerosos estudios basados en esquemas de dosificación reducidos y sencillos, en los que se compara su efectividad en relación los esque-mas usuales, con el objetivo de facilitar la acce-sibilidad de la vacuna a la población más vulne-rable.
ANÁLISIS CLÍNICO: Una remembranza
Authors: Briceño Rodríguez Luis Fernando
Published: September 2016

Recorrido histórico de Análisis Clínico –interpretación de la información–, desde sus inicios al presente; disciplina que ha fortalecido la formación universitaria de pregrado, grado y posgrado médicos. Se valora la temática de información y formación, y evalúa conceptos actuales sobre la enseñanza-aprendizaje. Un recuerdo para todos aquellos que hemos forjado nuestra formación académica y/o profesional, completa o en parte en el Hospital San Juan de Dios, entre los años setenta al 2016
Congenital and acquired anomalies of the caudal vertebrae in dogs: Radiographic classification and prevalence evaluation
Authors: Paninárová Michaela , Stehlík Ladislav , Proks Pavel , Vignoli Massimo
Published: September 2016

A prospective study to create radiographic classification of caudal vertebral anomalies in dogs was performed and the prevalence of the disorders estimated. Radiographic examination of the caudal vertebrae was performed in 595 client-owned dogs undergoing routine radiological examination of the hip joints. Anomalies of the caudal vertebrae were divided into four groups: (1) congenital anomalies with aberrant fusion of the vertebral epiphysis, like hemivertebra, block or transitional vertebra; (2) morphological anomalies like vertebra curva and dysplastic vertebral epiphysis; (3) post-traumatic changes, represented by fracture or luxation; and (4) degenerative changes, represented by spondylosis, osteophyte formation and mineralisation of intervertebral spaces. A total of 303 caudal vertebral anomalies were detected in 259 dogs (43.53% of all dogs examined). A single type of vertebral anomaly was present in 215 dogs and a combination of two pathologies was recorded in 44 dogs, which represents 83.01% and 16.99%, respectively, of the affected dogs. Congenital anomaly was present in 11.09% of the dogs examined. Sacrocaudal transitional vertebra was the most common congenital anomaly, present in 12.74% of the affected dogs. Radiographic examination of the caudal vertebrae is recommended as an essential part of any screening process to confirm the presence of congenital anomaly as a cause of kinked tail.
Nap, Hold, csillagok. A holdciklusok, napkitörések és mágneses viharok hatása az öngyilkosságokra
Authors: Kmetty Zoltán , Bozsonyi Károly , Tomasovszky Álmos
Published: September 2016

Elméleti háttér

Az öngyilkosság-kutatások nagyon széles bázison vizsgálják a lehetséges rizikófaktorokat. Már az 1960-as években megjelentek olyan kutatások, amelyek a holdciklus öngyilkosságra gyakorolt lehetséges hatását próbálták meg feltárni. Az ezzel foglalkozó eddigi munkák felemás eredményt hoztak, de inkább arra mutattak, hogy a vizsgálatok középpontjába állított teliholdnak nincsen összefüggése a vizsgált kérdéssel. A különböző naptevékenységek (napkitörés) és ezek földi hatása (mágneses vihar) már kevésbé kutatott téma az öngyilkosság szempontjából. Az eddig eredmények viszont arra mutattak, hogy lehet összefüggés a jelenségek között, bár a csatolási mechanizmust már nem érintették ezek a munkák.

Cél

A tanulmány célja megvizsgálni a holdciklus a napkitörések és a mágneses viharok együtt járását az öngyilkossági gyakoriságokkal. A tanulmányunkban felhasznált több mint 30 évnyi napi magyar öngyilkossági idősor lehetőséget teremt számunkra, hogy más munkákhoz képest sokkal részletesebben tudjuk körbejárni a kérdéskört.

Módszer

Tanulmányunkban az 1976 és 2010 közötti magyarországi öngyilkosságok számának napi normált számát (12784 nap) vizsgáljuk meg a holdciklusok, a napkitörések és a mágneses viharok aspektusából. Az öngyilkossági idősor esetében az évi lakosságszámra normált számok mellett a szezonálisan dekomponált idősorokat is vizsgáljuk (amelyekből a trend- és szezonhatásokat már eltávolítottuk). A holdciklus esetében elsősorban a teliholdra koncentrálunk, a napkitörés esetében külön vizsgáljuk az összes mérhető napkitörést és az erősebb (M/X) napkitöréseket, míg a mágneses viharok esetében a közepes (Ap > 39) és erős (Ap > 100) mágneses viharokat különítjük el. Az egyes jelenségek által érintett és nem érintett napok átlagainak különbségét, Student-féle t-próbával, Welch-féle d-próbával, és ezek rang változataival vizsgáljuk.

Eredmények

A telihold esetében az eredményeink arra mutatnak, hogy a jelenség nem függ össze az öngyilkossággal (csak a nők esetében mutatkozik egy gyenge kapcsolat, és az is csak a normált modellekben). A napkitörések és mágneses viharok vizsgálata már több szignifikáns ösz- szefüggést mutatott, mind a teljes, mind a női és férfi idősorban. Ezt azonban okozhatta a szezon komponens együttmozgása is, mivel a detrendelt és deszezonalizált öngyilkossági idősor esetében ezek az összefüggések már nem voltak azonosíthatók.

Következtetés

A napkitörések és mágneses viharok esetében érdemes tovább folytatni a vizsgálatokat komplexebb statisztikai modellekkel is.
STUDY OF EFFECT OF FRICTION STIR WELDING PARAMETERS ON IMPACT ENERGY OF AA7075-T6
Authors: Hao Duong Dinh , Tra Tran Hung , Hoa Vu Cong
Published: September 2016

The influences of the tool rotation speed (denoted w) and the welding speed (denoted v) on the impact energy at the representative zones in the friction stir welding (FSW) of AA7075-T6 were investigated. Here, the standard V–Notched specimens were applied in which the notches were addressed at the stirred zone (SZ), the heat affected zones (HAZ) in both the advancing side and the retreating side and the mixed zone (MZ). The experimental results showed that, in all cases, the lowest impact energy is located at the stirred zone and that energy seems to be increased from the SZ to the HAZ across the welding. Furthermore, it is also found that the impact energy is decreased when the ratio of rotation speed to welding speed (w/v) is increased. The microstructure, the temperature distribution, and the hardness in and around the welded zone were considered and discussed.
ỨNG DỤNG ĐẠI SỐ GIA TỬ TRONG DỰ BÁO CHUỖI THỜI GIAN MỜ
Authors: Hồ Nguyễn Cát , Điều Nguyễn Công , Lân Vũ Như
Published: September 2016

Fuzzy time series given by Song & Chissom (1993) in magazine "Fuzzy Sets and   Systems" has been widely studied for forecasting purposes. However, the accuracy of forecasts based on the concept of fuzzy approach of Song & Chissom is not high because of such depends on many factors. Chen (1996) proposed an efficient fuzzy time series model which consists of simple arithmetic calculations only. After that, this has been widely studied for improving accuracy of forecasting in many applications to get better results. The hedge algebras developed by Nguyen and Wechler (1990) was completely different from the fuzzy approach. Here the hedge algebras was used to model  linguistic domains and variables and their semantic structure is obtained. Instead of performing fuzzification and defuzzification, more simple methods are adopted, termed as semantization and desemantization, respectively. The hedge algebras based fuzzy system is a new topic, which was first applied to fuzzy control 2008 [16]. Hedge algebras applications for some specific problems in the field of information technology and control has a number of important results and confirm advantages of this approach in comparing with fuzzy approach. In continuilty of hedge algebras applications, this paper is mainly focused on the field of  fuzzy time series forecasting under hedge algebras approach. In this paper, we present a new approach using hedge algebras to provide a computational model, which is completely different from the fuzzy approach for fuzzy time series forecasting. The experimental results of forecasting enrollments of students of the University of Alabama show that the model of fuzzy time series based on hedge algebras is better than many existing models. We can see that the proposed model gains higher forecasting accuracy than the original model presented by Song and Chissom (1993b), Chen (1996, 2002), or Lee (2009), Qiu (2011), Egrioglu (2012), Ozdemir ( 2012) and Uslu (2013).
Green Organic Synthesis of N-Methylpyrrolidine
Authors: Trinh Huyen Thi Thanh , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Nguyen Hoa Van , Phan Thao Thanh
Published: September 2016

N-methylpyrrolidine was successfully synthesized in an aqueous medium by using methylamine and 1,4-dibromobutane in the presence of catalyst K2CO3 at a moderated temperature. Here, N-methylpyrrolidine was firstly synthesized via the green chemistry process, in which both the water solvent and potassium carbonate catalyst were inexpensive and environmentally friendly. Also, the reaction temperature was quite moderated at 900C. As a result, the current synthesis process was highly potential to implement in practice. Since the product yield directly depended on the operating conditions, the catalysts, temperature, ratio of reactants and solvent would be critical factors. In the present study, the structure of N-methylpyrrolidine product was confirmed by using the IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Gas Chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).
OXIDIZED MAIZE STARCH: CHARACTERIZATION AND EFFECT OF IT ON THE BIODEGRADABLE FILMS I. CHARACTERIZATION OF MAIZE STARCH OXIDIZED BY SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
Authors: Phi Hung Dao , Nam Truong Thi , Phuc Mac Van , Hiep Nguyen Anh , Vuong Nguyen THien , Thanh Trinh Van
Published: September 2016

The effects of hypochlorite level, i.e. 0.5; 1 and 2 active chlorine g/100g starch, on the structures and physicochemical properties of oxidized maize starch were investigated. The obtained results shown that oxidation degree grew up with increasing hypochlorite concentration, specially, the carboxyl content saw higher increased than the content of carbonyl. SEM images indicated that surface of oxidized maize starches were rougher than native starch. The surface of oxidized starches saw rougher with increasing hypochlorite level. However, the DSC results illustrated that there was no significant difference of gelatinization temperature between the native starch and oxidized starches.
APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC FOR CONTROLLING MECHANISM OF RELATIVE MANIPULATION ROBOT (MRM ROBOT)
Authors: Khoi Phan Bui , Toan Nguyen Van
Published: September 2016

In robot control, mathematical equations describing dynamic behaviors of robots are usually complicated. Additionally, the components such as inertial and friction parameters appearing in these equations are very difficult to determine exactly. With robots having complex structure such as parallel robots, MRM robots etc., the derivation of dynamic equations becomes more difficult and sometimes cannot obtain analytically. In those cases, controlling robot based on its equations of motion is quite hard. Applying fuzzy logic for robot control can overcome the mentioned drawbacks. This is because fuzzy control algorithm gives favorable condition to deal with the lack of adequation as well as inaccuracy of components in robot’s dynamic equations. Furthermore, the fuzzy rules are created by clauses which based on human logic, so it is easily to understand and implement. This paper discusses the application of fuzzy logic for controlling MRM robots. To compare the results obtained from fuzzy control, this paper are also adressed the use of the computed torque algorithm to control MRM robots
APPLICATION GIS AND WEBGIS TECHNOLOGY FOR BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT A CASE STUDY IN XUAN LIEN NATURE RESERVE
Authors: Quynh Ha Quy , Phuong Dang Huy , Phuong Nguyen Tien
Published: September 2016

Resource management in National parks (NP), Nature reserve (NR) aim to hold the status of biological resources of the area [4]. Up to now, Vietnam has established 31 NP and about 100 NR. Most of NR, NP was completed build biological database [4]. The traditional information sharing method has showed the limitations, causing many difficulties for the users, particularly when exploring the map information. WebGIS technology developed quickly with the functions included: internet access, query spatial data in the Internet, which has promoted the possibility aid, consult spatial data, link between tables and map [1, 5, 7]. Biodiversity Database of Xuan Lien NR was built based on tables and maps. The table database is designed as relational data, including the information and records. With animals is Class - Order - Family – Species and plants is Plant - Phylum - Family - Species. The code of the species included 4 parts. One part of character and 3 parts of numbers. The database are the records of 1142 plant species, 55 mammal species, 190 birds, 38 reptiles and 35 amphibians species. The map database include base map, zonation map, infrastructure maps, vegetation and distribution map of species in protected areas. Display Biodiversity data of NR by MapServer, showing base map, zonation map, infrastructure maps, vegetation and habitat map. Using the combined technologies of Remote Sensing, GIS and WebGIS to manage, display, sharing biodiversity data of NR promotion optimization capabilities in data analyses and combined tables with map. This technology may apply for management biodiversity database of all protected areas in Vietnam.
The Effect of an LGBTQ Themed Literary Instructional Unit on Adolescents’ Homophobia
Authors: Malo-Juvera Victor
Published: September 2016

Numerous scholarly works extol the use of LGBTQ themed literature as part of English language arts instruction with the implication that its use may improve the school climate for LGBTQ students; however, there is a dearth of research that empirically examines whether or not this type of instruction measurably impacts adolescents’ homophobia.  To address this paucity, this study examined the ability of a dialogically organized, reader response–based instructional unit of the young adult novel Geography Club to reduce adolescents’ homophobia.  A quasi-experimental design was used with eighth grade students in seven English language arts classes.  Homophobia was measured using a researcher-created scale.  Analysis of pretests revealed that girls had lower levels of homophobia than boys and that Black students had higher levels of homophobia than Hispanic students.  Posttest results indicated that the intervention was successful in lowering homophobia.  Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three factor solution: Interpersonal Homophobia, Attitudes toward Homophobia, and Sexuality as a Choice.  Post-hoc tests revealed differing effect sizes for the aforementioned factors as well as showing that there was no backlash to treatment in participants with high pretest homophobia.  This paper argues that schools and teacher education programs should make a serious effort to incorporate LGBTQ themed texts into curricula as part of a concerted effort to reduce the culture of homophobic violence that has become institutionalized in many schools.
Labor Contractors, Coyotes, and Travelers: The migration industry in Latin America and the U.S. South
Authors: Griffith David
Published: September 2016

During the 1990s, migration researchers in sociology and anthropology focused disproportionately on the idea of transnationalism, leading to investigations of critically important phenomena such as transnational parenting, diaspora politics and identity, flexible citizenship, social remittances, and other factors influencing the experiences of international migrants.  This work also produced comprehensive ethnographic accounts of families and communities with attachments to places in two or more countries, profiling peoples who had forged dynamic relations between sending and receiving neighborhoods based on economic opportunities, cultural exchanges, and social networks.  The argument presented here offers a slightly different perspective on transnationalism, examining managed migration and the migration industry that has emerged around labor contractors, human smugglers (coyotes), and travelers who routinely carry goods between migrant sending and receiving communities.  While this industry facilitates transnationalism, like transnationalism it is ultimately a symptom of a process more comprehensive than international migration: capital’s desire for a highly flexible labor force that expands and contractsseasonally and in response to periods of economic growth and decline, is highly mobile, and is largely separated from reproductive settings.
Do arthropod assemblages fit the grassland and savanna biomes of South Africa?
Authors: Botha Monique , Siebert Stefan J. , Van den Berg Johnnie
Published: September 2016

The long-standing tradition of classifying South Africa’s biogeographical area into biomes is commonly linked to vegetation structure and climate. Because arthropod communities are often governed by both these factors, it can be expected that arthropod communities would fit the biomes. To test this hypothesis, we considered how well arthropod species assemblages fit South Africa’s grassy biomes. Arthropod assemblages were sampled from six localities across the grassland and savanna biomes by means of suction sampling, to determine whether the two biomes have distinctive arthropod assemblages. Arthropod samples of these biomes clustered separately in multidimensional scaling analyses. Within biomes, arthropod assemblages were more distinctive for savanna localities than grassland. Arthropod samples of the two biomes clustered together when trophic groups were considered separately, suggesting some similarity in functional assemblages. Dissimilarity was greatest between biomes for phytophagous and predacious trophic groups, with most pronounced differentiation between biomes at sub-escarpment localities. Our results indicate that different arthropod assemblages do fit the grassy biomes to some extent, but the pattern is not as clear as it is for plant species.

Significance: 

Provides the first comparison of arthropod composition between grassland and savanna biomes of South Africa.
Explores whether these two biomes show distinct arthropod assemblages.
Documents the characteristics of arthropod assemblages.
Confirms that plant assemblages of biomes are more distinguishable than arthropod assemblages.
Drought, climate change and sustainability of water in agriculture: A roadmap towards the NWRS2
Authors: Chami Daniel El , Moujabber Maroun El
Published: September 2016

The frequency and intensity of drought, extreme events and high wind velocities in South Africa are expected to increase in the next century as a result of the changing climate. The National Water Resource Strategy 2 (NWRS2) has set out the general and strategic directions for water resources management in the country for the next 20 years. However, the strategy does not draw a framework tailored specifically for agricultural use, with specific measures and goals. Therefore, to reach sustainability of water in agriculture, four major strategic goals are suggested, on which research institutions can focus and promote through good governance. The strategy emphasises: (1) crop research to find new drought-and heat- tolerant and resistant breeds and varieties; (2) intensified research in agricultural practices; (3) increasing the efficiency of water use within agriculture; and (4) integrating all these strategic goals within a sustainable research framework. Finally, the research calls for rapid action and implementation.

Significance: 

The framework is proposed for stakeholders and policymakers in higher education, agriculture and resources management in South Africa for new research horizons at national level to improve overall agricultural sustainability by 2030 as stipulated by the Millennium Development Goals.
CULTURE CONTENT IN CREATIVE WRITING PRODUCT IN ENGLISH LEARNING
Authors: Rizal Sarif Syamsu
Published: September 2016

Abstrak  Muatan Budaya dalam Produk Menulis Kreatif dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas muatan budaya dalam produk menulis kreatif dalam pemahaman bagaimana budaya lokal dapat dipromosikan melalui menulis kreatif. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi unsur-unsur yang berpengaruh dalam proses penulisan kreatif hingga menjadi sebuah karya sastra sebagai sebuah karya utama. Metode penelitian ini berupa desain kualitatif dalam menjelaskan wacana, penelitian kepustakaan dalam mengumpulkan data, dan pendekatan kasual dalam menjawab pertanyaan penelitian yaitu bagaimana dan mengapa menulis kreatif dapat mempromosikan budaya lokal. Analisis unit meliputi faktor dalam unsur-unsur yang membangun karya sastra sebagai produk dari menulis kreatif yang dilakukan oleh penulis. Menulis adalah betuk kebebasan pribadi. Hal ini membebaskan penulis dari identitas massa yang dia lihat di sekitarnya. Pada akhirnya, ia akan menulis tidak untuk menjadi pahlawan penjahat bagi sebagian orang di suatu budaya tetapi terutama untuk menyelamatkan dirinya sendiri, untuk bertahan hidup sebagai individu. Rangkaian analisis dilakukan untuk mendapatkan penjelasan bagaimana budaya lokal dapat dipromosikan melalui menulis kreatif didasarkan pada dua subjek, yaitu penulis sebagai pencipta tulisan kreatif dan karya sastra sebagai produk dari menulis kreatif.Kata kunci: revelancy, culture, creative writing, literary work, author Abstract Culture Content in Creative Writing Product in English Learning. This study aims to discuss culture content in creative writing product as an understanding how local cultures can be promoted through creative writing. The study explores influencing elements in creative writing process up to be a literary work as a masterpiece. Methods of the study consist of qualitative design in explaining discourse, library research in collecting data, and casual approach in answering the problem statement that is how and why creative writing can promote local culture. Units of analysis cover the factors in the elements building the literary work as the product of creative writing conducted by author. Writing is a form of personal freedom. It frees the author from the mass identity he or she sees all around. In the end, he or she will write not to be outlaw hero of some under culture but mainly to save him or herself, to survive as individuals. The work is directly or indirectly related to the universe inclusive of man, material things, events and ideas. The reader somes as the final element. The series of analysis is conducted to find out the explanation how local cultures can be promoted through creative writing based on two subjects; the author as the creator of creative writing and the literary work as the product of creative writing.Keywords: revelancy, culture, creative writing, literary work, author
Reviewer acknowledgements
Authors: JPBS Editor Of
Published: September 2016

Reviewers ackowledgments for Vol. 16, No. 1, April 2016
Empire at the margins: Compulsory mobility, hierarchical imaginary, and education in China's ethnic borderland
Authors: Yang Peidong
Published: September 2016

This paper presents an ethnographic interpretation of education as a social technology of state sovereign power and governing in the borderlands of contemporary China. Illustrated with snapshots from ethnographic fieldwork conducted in a Pumi (Premi) ethnic village located along China's
south-western territorial margins, it is argued that the hierarchical structure of the education system, coupled with the arduous and yet compulsory mobility entailed in educational participation, powerfully shapes the social and political imaginaries of peripheral citizens. Education
serves simultaneously as a distance-demolishing technology and a hierarchyestablishing technology that counters the 'frictions of terrain' that traditionally presented a problem to the state for governing such geographically inaccessible borderlands.
The relationship between prisoners' educational motives and previous incarceration, sentence length, and sentence served
Authors: Roth Beate Buanes , Manger Terje
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to examine Norwegian prisoners' educational motives, and how previous incarceration, sentence length, and sentence served influence such motives. Three motive categories emerged: future planning (Factor 1), social reasons and escapism (Factor 2), and competence
building (Factor 3). Among prisoners who participated in education, longer sentence predicted high score on both Factor 1 and Factor 3. Also, with the greater proportion of sentence served, participants scored higher on Factor 3. Among non-participants, longer sentence predicted high score
on Factor 3. Previous incarceration was not significantly related to the educational motives for either of the two groups.
Policy on the primary curriculum since 2010: The demise of the expert view
Authors: Brundrett Mark
Published: September 2016

This paper focuses on the review and subsequent revision of the primary curriculum that took place between 2010 and 2014. Three central contentions are made about the review process: (1) it ignored the need for dialogue and consensus among the various parties that make up the delicate
and interlocking set of relationships in the English education system; (2) it at first purported to integrate the views of higher education and then ignored, marginalized, and dismissed them; and (3) despite claiming to be based on best practice in other 'jurisdictions', it failed to take
account of alternative views about approaches to curriculum innovation and instead focused on a limited and instrumentalist view that was treated as being uncontestable.
More fragmented, and yet more networked: Analysing the responses of two Local Authorities in England to the Coalition's 'self-improving school-led system' reforms
Authors: Greany Toby
Published: September 2016

This paper explores school reform in England under the Conservative-led Coalition government, elected in 2010, through a focus on the changing roles and status of Local Authorities (LAs). The Coalition's stated aim was the development of a 'self-improving, school-led' system in which
LAs should become 'champions for children'. The paper draws on two locality case studies and a set of future scenarios and policy narratives to analyse the ways in which LAs and school leaders are responding to reform. The paper concludes that the Coalition focused its attention on structural
reform, but that this placed an additional onus on leadership agency within local school systems to shape contextually appropriate solutions. The schools in the two areas studied appear to have become more fragmented and yet – paradoxically – more networked; however, they are not
yet working in the 'deep partnerships' envisaged by Hargreaves (2010). This has meant that the LAs have needed to sustain their traditional roles (for example, in providing challenge and support to schools), whilst simultaneously evolving new ways of working (for example, providing 'bridging
social capital'). These roles may sometimes be in tension, but are driven by different factors: LA-level accountability in the case of challenge and support, and reduced funding in the case of 'bridging social capital'. This suggests that the Coalition's conflicting policy narratives were
in tension and that the notion of LAs as 'champions for children' requires review.
Streamlining verbal feedback: Reflection on a feedback research project in secondary schools
Authors: Nadeem Rizwana
Published: September 2016

This paper is a reflection on action research I conducted in two classrooms to explore the effectiveness of feedback. As a result of this project, I have changed my practice to streamline verbal feedback. Despite its transience, verbal feedback can be made far more effective if it is
reduced to key points only.
The Business Studies University: Turning higher education into further education
Authors: Ainley Patrick
Published: September 2016

This paper argues that changes to both further and higher education that are already well underway are clarified by what can be called the model of the Business Studies University (BSU). The BSU elevates undergraduate student choice of equivalent level modular courses to the 'heart
of the system' (DBIS, 2011). This is rejected by those few institutions not part of the current competition to cram in funded students; instead, they adhere to traditional academic disciplinary knowledge. As a result, at one pole of a bifurcating hierarchy higher turns into further education,
with 'cramming' for academic higher education at the other.
Language planning and education of adult immigrants in Canada: Contrasting the provinces of Quebec and British Columbia, and the cities of Montreal and Vancouver
Authors: Ellyson Catherine , Andrew Caroline , Clément Richard
Published: September 2016

Combining policy analysis with language policy and planning analysis, our article comparatively assesses two models of adult immigrants' language education in two very different provinces of the same federal country. In order to do so, we focus specifically on two questions: 'Why
do governments provide language education to adults?' and 'How is it provided in the concrete setting of two of the biggest cities in Canada?' Beyond describing the two models of adult immigrants' language education in Quebec, British Columbia, and their respective largest cities, our
article ponders whether and in what sense demography, language history, and the common federal framework can explain the similarities and differences between the two. These contextual elements can explain why cities continue to have so few responsibilities regarding the settlement, integration,
and language education of newcomers. Only such understanding will eventually allow for proper reforms in terms of cities' responsibilities regarding immigration.
Multilingualism and language learning: The Rome city report
Authors: Menghini Michela
Published: September 2016

This article illustrates the findings on multilingualism related to the educational sphere in the city of Rome, within the scope and theoretical framework of the international project LUCIDE (Languages in Urban Communities – Integration and Diversity for Europe). Particularly,
it describes the type of linguistic and cultural support offered to plurilingual citizens and the language teaching practices that have emerged from the study of the University of Rome 'Foro Italico' Unit, as presented in the Rome city report (Evangelisti, et al., 2014; Menghini, 2015).
The symbolic and pragmatic uses of languages, their status, and their visibility in educational practices are particularly highlighted, as part of the challenges related to the city authorities' approach to multilingualism, particularly for the educational field. The role of public and private
institutions, and their interaction in language learning practices and in the educational support for plurilinguals and foreigners in Rome are investigated and considered in light of the national language and education policies and guidelines. The article's conclusions indicate some possible
steps for improvement in educational practices at city level, to better support plurilingual citizens and to effectively face the challenges of multilingualism.
Aportes a la determinación de paleoambientes, carbones del sinclinal CHECUA-LENGUAZAQUE. Colombia
Authors: Gómez Neita Juan Sebastián , López Carrasquilla Mayra Dayana , Manosalva Sánchez Sandra Rocio , Naranjo Merchán Wilson Enario
Published: September 2016

El presente estudio, tuvo como objetivo realizar nuevos aportes al conocimiento e interpretación del paleoambiente de los carbones de la Formación Guaduas, de edad Maestrichtiano Superior a Paleoceno. Se realizó el análisis petrográfico de 64 muestras colectadas con el método de canal en tres secciones del sinclinal de Checua-Lenguazaque (Sutatausa, Guachetá y Samacá), estableciéndose que los carbones están compuestos principalmente por macerales del grupo de la vitrinita con porcentajes entre (51.4% - 87%), seguidos por los de la inertinita (5.4% - 43.8%), liptinita (0.2% - 14%), y materia mineral (0.4% - 18%). La reflectancia media de la vitrinita varió de 0,69 a 1,6; con rango de carbones bituminosos C a bituminosos A. La lectura maceral permitió determinar la distribución de los componentes orgánicos del carbón a fin de aplicar la metodología propuesta por Diessel (1992) y la usada por Singh & Singh (2000) para la definición de paleoambientes; concluyéndose que los carbones de los bloques Guachetá y Samacá fueron depositados en ambientes de zonas protegidas por barreras y ciénagas principalmente, mientras que los carbones del bloque Sutatausa se extendieron hasta pantanos de bosque húmedo. La tabla de agua aunque variable cubría la turbera, lo cual favoreció la conservación de la materia orgánica frente a la oxidación.