bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal lavage with sterile water reduces IL-1 levels and postoperative adhesions following laparotomy in rats
Authors: Fernandi Ryan , Sudartana I Ketut , Sueta Made Agus Dwianthara , Mahayasa I Made , Yasa Ketut Putu , Wibawa I Gusti Agung Bagus Krisna
Published: October 2024

Peritoneal lavage with normal saline is common in abdominal surgeries, yet recent studies indicate that it increases intraperitoneal adhesion risks. This study compares the effects of peritoneal lavage with normal versus sterile water on interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels and intraperitoneal adhesion following laparotomy in rats. In this post-test control group study, 20 adult Wistar rats were subjected to laparotomy before being randomly divided into two groups to receive either intraperitoneal lavage with normal saline (0.9% NaCl ) or sterile water. After 7 days, IL-1 level and degree of adhesion were evaluated. The saline group had higher adhesion levels (4 rats with grade 4, 5 with grade 3, 1 with grade 2) than the sterile water group, which had lower levels (2 rats with grade 3, 5 with grade 2, 3 with grade 1). There was a significant difference in IL-1 levels between the sterile water group (37,111.6 ± 6,535.61 pg/ml) and the normal saline group (57,456.3 ± 10,583.41 pg/ml). There was a significant correlation between IL-1 levels and adhesion grade (p=0.008). Intraperitoneal lavage with sterile water results in significantly lower adhesion grade and IL-1 levels than normal saline, suggesting its potential for reducing postoperative adhesions. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of reduced adhesion and inflammation associated with sterile water lavage.
Production and biological characteristics of vegetative rootstocks of apple and pear trees
Authors:   Research Institute of Fruit and Tea Growing of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic ofAzerbaijan, Quba, Azerbaijan, Garagurbanli I.S. , Hajiyev A.A. ,   Research Institute of Fruit and Tea Growing of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic ofAzerbaijan, Quba, Azerbaijan, Hafizov Gh.K. ,   Research Institute of Fruit and Tea Growing of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic ofAzerbaijan, Quba, Azerbaijan
Published: October 2024

Research Institute of Fruit and Tea Growing of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic ofAzerbaijan, Quba, Azerbaijan to the "Program and methodology of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops" of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The monthly growth dynamics for PB-4 was the most intense in August, and for M9 and 62-396 – in August-September. In M 9, 4-5 shoots with a height of 70-104 cm and a diameter of the root neck 8-10 mm were formed on the mother bush, MM 106 – up to 6 shoots with a height of 63- 82 cm and a diameter of the root neck 7-9 mm. In other rootstocks, the number of shoots ranged from 3 to 6, their height ranged from 63 to 111 cm, and the diameter of the root neck randed from 6 (PB-4) to 10 mm (62-396). In the M-9 rootstock, root formation was estimated at 4-5 points, in others – at 2-5. The results of this study help to better understand the similarities and differences in the biology and economically valuable traits of these rootstocks, which provides important clues for all players involved in the fruit growing sector. Key words: Azerbaijan, horticulture, vegetative rootstocks, growth and development, regenerative ability
TÜRKİYE’DE UYGULANAN KALKINMA PLANLARININ TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Kılınç İsmail
Published: October 2024

İnsanlar için çoğu zaman eğlenme, dinlenme, yeni yerler ve kültürler keşfetme aracı olarak görülen turizm faaliyetleri ülkeler için önemli bir döviz kaynağı ve kalkınma aracıdır. Ekonomi ve istihdam üzerindeki olumlu katkılarından dolayı turizm sektörüne kalkınma planlarında geniş yer verilmiş; turizmin geliştirilmesi iktisadi ve sosyal kalkınmanın temel amaçları arasında yer almıştır. Çalışmada 1963-2028 döneminin kapsayan kalkınma planları incelenerek kalkınma planları çerçevesinde Türkiye’nin turizm politika ve hedeflerine yönelik bakış açısının tespit edilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda 12 kalkınma planı ‘içerik analizi’ yöntemiyle ele alınmıştır.
1963-1983 dönemini kapsayan ilk dört kalkınma planının kitle turizmi odağında tanıtım, altyapı yatırımları, konaklama tesislerinin inşasına odaklandığı gözlenir. Bu dönemde sektörde kamusal faaliyetler etkin ve belirleyicidir. 1980 sonrasında çeşitli mevzuat düzenlemesi yapılarak ve teşvik politikaları hayata geçirilerek özel sektör öne çıkarılmıştır. On Birinci ve On İkinci Kalkınma planlarının da içinde bulunduğu son kalkınma planlarında turizmin çeşitlendirilmesi, koruma-kullanma dengesinin korunması, sürdürülebilirlik, dijital dönüşüm, fiyat avantajı yerine kalite odağında gelişim, nitelikli pazarlara ve turistlere ulaşılması gibi stratejik konuların öne çıktığı gözlenmektedir.
Übertragung
Authors: Rugenstein Kai
Published: October 2024

In den Vorstellungen darüber, was Übertragung ist und wie es mit ihr umzugehen gilt, zeigen sich deutlicher als bei jedem anderen psychoanalytischen Konzept die Positionen zu Grundfragen der psychodynamischen Theorie und Praxis. Inwieweit ist die analytische Beziehung eine bloße Wiederholung von Vergangenem, eine geheimnisvolle Kommunikation von Unbewusst zu Unbewusst, eine aufgabenorientierte Zusammenarbeit, eine reale Neuerfahrung oder etwas ganz Anderes? Kai Rugenstein stellt die einflussreichsten Modelle von Übertragung und Gegenübertragung vor und entwickelt in Orientierung an der intersubjektiven Triebtheorie Jean Laplanches ein zeitgemäßes Verständnis verschiedener Übertragungsphänomene. Abschließend widmet sich der Autor konkreten Fragen der Behandlungstechnik und regt Leserinnen und Leser mit klinischen Beispielen dazu an, selbst eine Übertragung zu vollziehen: einen Transfer des vermittelten Wissens in die eigene Praxis.
The Effect of Innovative Schools and Schools' Openness to Change on Teachers' Adaptive Performance
Authors: Alagöz Tuğba , Canlı Suzan
Published: October 2024

In this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of teachers' perceptions of innovative schools and schools' openness to change on their perceptions of adaptive performance. Predictive correlational design was used in the study. Simple random sampling method was utilized to determine the sample. The sample consisted of 258 teachers. Personal Information Form, Innovative School Scale, Schools' Openness to Change Scale and Teachers' Perceived Adaptive Performance Scale were applied to collect the data. In data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analysis were used. In the study, teachers' perceptions of innovative schools and adaptive performance were found to be high, and their perceptions of schools’ openness to change were found to be moderate. It was determined that innovative school and schools' openness to change together significantly predicted adaptive performance. It was determined that the dimensions of organizational impediments, teachers' openness to change and school environment's press for change were significant predictors of adaptive performance while innovative schools and schools' openness to change were together. It was concluded that in order to increase the adaptive performance of teachers, it is necessary to realize innovative practices in schools and to increase the openness of schools to change. Suggestions were made to prevent the factors that hinder innovations in schools and to increase the openness to change of teachers and the school environment.
A Review on Personalization of Gamified Learning Environments*
Authors: Ertan Şevk Kübra , Arkün Kocadere Selay
Published: October 2024

This study explores the personalization of gamification in educational contexts, particularly adaptive approaches to meet diverse learner needs. The study examines terminologies and offer definitions for adaptive, tailored, personalized, and customized gamification. Personalization serves as an umbrella term covering any changes in the process. Customization is the changes performed by the user/learner; tailored gamification involves adjustments made at the beginning and adaptive gamification involves system-driven changes as things progress. The analysis of adaptive gamification studies is structured around adaptation criteria, adaptation process, adaptation data, and adaptive intervention. Adaptation criteria includes player types, personality models, learning styles, and hybrid profiles. Adaptation process includes user-controlled and system-controlled adaptation. User-controlled adaptation refers to customization; system-controlled adaptation is examined under static adaptation, dynamic adaptation, and combination of these two. Adaptation data is categorized under explicit and implicit information collection. Lastly, recommendations, and adjusting game elements and mechanics are discussed under adaptation intervention. The review highlights the commonly used player typologies, including Bartle, Hexad, and BrainHex, and personality models such as Big Five and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The review identifies limitations in current frameworks, stressing the importance of standardized models and guidelines to implement adaptive gamification and incorporating gamification analytics to sustain adaptation and automation.
The Impact of Blended Mobile Learning on EFL Students’ Vocabulary Development
Authors: Aslan Mehmet , Tütüniş Birsen
Published: October 2024

The study's objective is to examine the effects of Blended Mobile Learning (BML) on the vocabulary development of EFL preparatory students and their views of BML. As a mixed method study, it was conducted with 40 preparatory students at a state university in Turkey. While the control group studied vocabulary by reading texts only in the classroom by adhering to the textbook, the experimental group, in addition to the same instruction, was taught vocabulary outside the classroom in a virtual classroom opened through the Google Classroom application. A pre-test and a post-test were administered to the students to determine the impact of BML on their vocabulary development. The results of the tests were analyzed with SPSS program and the vocabulary development of groups was compared via an independent T-test. Additionally, a structured interview was done with the students of the experimental group to determine their views of BML. Students' responses were analyzed using the MAXQDA 2020 program with the method of content analysis. This research has led to the conclusion that BML, as a teaching method, strengthens the vocabulary development of the preparatory students and motivates them to learn vocabulary.
Efektivitas PjBL terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di Kelas VII Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Bola di SMP Negeri 2 Pagaralam Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Lismareni Neni , Fransiska Welly , Sesianti Riri
Published: October 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas model pembelajaran proyek pada siswa kelas VII terkait materi bangun ruang bola. Penelitian ini melibatkan seluruh populasi siswa kelas VII dengan mengambil sampel acak dari tiga kelas yang berfungsi sebagai kelas uji coba instrumen, kontrol, dan eksperimen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan desain Pretest-Posttest Control Group. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi dokumentasi dan tes siswa. Analisis data dilakukan melalui uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek (PjBL) mencatat prestasi yang lebih baik, dengan nilai 92,78 dari tugas proyek pembuktian rumus luas permukaan bola menggunakan satu buah jeruk, dibandingkan dengan nilai 80,31 dari metode konvensional. Nilai rata-rata siswa meningkat dari 80,31 menjadi 92,78 pada hasil post-test. Ini menunjukkan bahwa model berbasis proyek efektif meningkatkan nilai siswa setelah tugas proyek dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, model ini dinilai valid dan efektif dalam proses pembelajaran, sehingga disarankan agar guru menggunakannya untuk membantu siswa memahami materi melalui proyek yang mereka kerjakan. Proyek yang dirancang oleh peneliti ini layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan nilai siswa, karena hasil uji pretest dan posttest menunjukkan adanya peningkatan nilai yang signifikan. Temuan ini menegaskan pengaruh positif model pembelajaran berbasis proyek (PjBL) terhadap prestasi siswa kelas VII dalam materi bangun ruang bola di SMP Negeri 2 Pagaralam pada tahun ajaran 2022/2023.
Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa SMP dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Open-Ended pada Materi Aritmatika Sosial
Authors: Tadjamawo Jesika Florensia , Kaunang Derel F , Tilaar Anetha L. F.
Published: October 2024

Berpikir kreatif sangat dibutuhkan oleh setiap siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Seorang guru harus memapu memberikan peluang dan dorongan kepada siswa untuk dapat menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan secara kreatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses berpikir kreatif matematis siswa. Menurut hasil observasi yang dilakukan terhadap guru matematika di SMP Negeri 1 Pamona Utara diketahui bahwa siswa dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan matematika memiliki tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif yang rendah karena mayoritas siswa hanya mengerjakan soal dengan jawaban yang monoton. Data akan dikumpulkan melalui proses tes wawancara dan dokumentasi. Tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan merupakan bagian dari proses analisis data. Berdasarkan temuan peneliti, siswa berkemampuan tinggi menunjukkan kefasihan dan fleksibilitas yang memenuhi dua indikator yang terkait dengan pemikiran kreatif. Karena subjek mencapai tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif (TKBK) 3, maka ia dapat digolongkan kreatif. Hanya satu indikator berpikir kreatif yakni kefasihan yang dapat dihasilkan oleh siswa yang memiliki kemapuan matematika sedang, mereka tidak mampu menciptakan kedua indikator lain yakni fleksibilitas dan kebaruan. Dikarenakan subjek hanya memenuhi indikator kefasihan maka mencapai TKBK 1 dan tergolong kurang efektif. Kefasihan, fleksibilitas, dan kebaruan yang merupakan tiga indikator dalam kemampuan berpikir kreatif tidak dimiliki oleh siswa berkemampuan matematika rendah sehingga mendapatkan TKBK 0 yang berarti tidak kreatif.
Eksplorasi Etnomatematika pada Bangunan Gereja Katolik Fransiskus Xaverius Kakaskasen
Authors: Singal Nadila Cetzia Nikita , Kaunang Darel F. , Runtu Patricia V.J.
Published: October 2024

Perkembangan pada teknologi pendidikan, terdapat program pendidikan partisipasi budaya di sekolah. Belajar matematika yang berbudaya banyak menggunakan materi matematika yang berkaitan dengan perhitungan. Bidang yang menjembatani matematika dan budaya adalah etnomatematika. Salah satu contoh konkret terdapat unsur matematika dalam suatu bangunan yaitu bangunan Gereja seperti pada Gereja Katolik Fransiskus Xaverius Kakaskasen dari bangunannya membentuk suatu budaya dalam hal ini budaya agama yang memiliki nilai seni dari gaya arsitekur. Mengeksplor unsur matematika, aktivitas matematika dan filosofih pada bangunan gereja Katolik Fransiskus Xaverius Kakaskasen menjadi tujuan penelitian ini juga dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian pendekatan etnografi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah peneliti sendiri dan untuk teknik analisis data dari Miles dan Hubermann. Dalam penelitian ini teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi yang dilakukan pada Gereja Katolik Fransiskus Xaverius Kakaskasen,wawancara dengan tiga sumber informan yakni perancang bangunan gereja, salah satu panitia pembangunan gereja dan salah satu pekerja bangunan gereja dan dokumentasi yang berbentuk foto atau dokumen yang berkaitan. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu adanya konsep-konsep geometri dalam bangunan Gereja Katolik Fransiskus Xacerius Kakaskasen seperti, bangun datar berupa persegi,persegi panjang, segitiga, trapesium, setengah lingkaran, adaa bangun ruang berupa kubus, balok, prisma, bola, ada poligon berupa segidelapan, serta transformasi geometri yakni refleksi dan translasi. Terdapat juga aktivitas matematika dalam proses pembangunan gereja seperti aktivitas mengukur, merancang bangunan, aktvitas menjelaskan dan aktivitas menentukan lokasi.
Improving Students' Mathematical Communication Through Differentiated Learning Implementing the MERDEKA Class VII Flow
Authors: Frildawati Dinda , Izzati Nur , Syani Putri Nurul Hilda
Published: October 2024

Students' mathematical communication abilities are crucial for acquiring mathematical concepts during mathematics learning. The MERDEKA route offers differentiated learning and is an excellent tool for helping students develop these abilities. This research aims to determine how much-differentiated learning can be contributed by applying the MERDEKA pathway to enhance students' mathematical communication skills. This type of research is Quasi-Experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample for this research was students of class VII-D and class VII-F, who were selected using cluster sampling techniques from all class VII of SMPN 5 Tanjungpinang. The Independent Sample T-test was used to analyze the data at a 5% significance level. According to this study, students' mathematical communication abilities increase through differentiated learning using the MERDEKA route rather than regular group learning techniques.
The Role of Traditional Leadership in Rural Development in South Africa: An Analysis of the Dualistic Government System
Authors: Monama Sakiel Albert , Mokoele Ngoako Johannes
Published: October 2024

Rural areas in many developing countries face distinct development challenges that often require a nuanced understanding of local governance structures. In many rural areas, traditional leadership coexists with local government structures as custodians of governance, resulting in what can be termed a dualistic government system.  The dualistic government system is evident where traditional leadership operates alongside the modern democratic government structures, which were established in the post-apartheid era to provide effective service delivery. However, in some cases, there have been clashes between local governments and traditional leadership in attempting to provide service delivery in the land still under the custodianship of chieftains, which hindered the effective provision of service in most rural areas. This paper examines the role of traditional leadership in rural development by focusing on the dualistic government system prevalent in chieftain-controlled areas, using the case of Motantanyane Village in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The paper was based on a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) research approach, with a sample of 86 participants who were sampled on the basis of purposive sampling and systematic sampling designs. Semi-structured questionnaires and unstructured interviews were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The findings showed that traditional leadership is a cornerstone of rural development and that their leadership is essential for bringing about constructive change and promoting development within their communities. The paper concluded that despite its flaws, traditional leadership continues to be important and relevant in rural communities today, especially regarding protecting social traditions, customs, and cultural values. The paper recommended that the role of traditional leadership be redefined in legislative frameworks and that it be involved in all facets of rural development decision-making to create more effective and inclusive development that addresses the issues of chieftain-controlled communities.
Distance Health Services Organization in University Hospitals: The Case of a Public University Hospital
Authors: Devebakan Nevzat , Erdem Ramazan
Published: October 2024

In today's globalized healthcare market, it has become a necessity for healthcare organizations to strive to provide the healthcare services needed by their target audience with modern medical technology and software, regardless of physical space, country and/or geography. In fact, although distance health services and tele-medicine applications are not new applications, they have been increasingly used by healthcare organizations due to the physical transmission feature of the New Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) or corona pandemic. The aim of this study is to analyze the legal dimension of Distance Health Services (DHS) in a public university hospital, the path to be followed to obtain a “Distance Health Service Activity Permit Certificate”, the characteristics, quantity and qualifications of the human resources to provide health services, the physical structure of the areas to be served and the information technologies, information systems to be used, the ministry audit criteria related to the pricing, invoicing and refund methods of health service fees, and to contribute to the structuring stages of distance health services of similar health institutions.
Interactive explainability: Black boxes, mutual understanding and what it would really mean for AI systems to be as explainable as people
Authors: Myers Simon , Chater Nick
Published: October 2024

‘Black box’ AI systems often based on deep neural networks (DNNs) are being developed with astonishing speed. But in critical real-world contexts, such as providing legal, financial or medical advice or assistance, their deployment faces formidable practical and legal barriers. Users, and especially regulators, will demand explainability: that AI systems can provide justifications for their statements, recommendations, or actions. Typically, both regulators and AI researchers have adopted an internal view of explainability: the emerging field of X-AI aims to ‘open the black box’, designing systems whose workings are transparent to human understanding. We argue that, for DNNs and related methods, this vision is both unachievable and misconceived. Instead, we note that AI need only be as explainable as humans and the human brain is itself effectively a black box in which a tangle of 1011 neurons connected by 1014 synapses carry out almost unknown computations. We propose a very different notion, Interactive Explainability: the ability of a system, whether human or AI, to coherently justify and defend its statements and actions to a human questioner. Interactive Explainability requires local, contextually-specific responses built on “mutual understanding” between an AI system and the questioner (e.g., of commonly held background beliefs and assumptions). We outline what mutual understanding involves, and why current AI systems seem far from achieving such understanding. We propose that Interactive Explainability should be a key criterion for regulators, and a central objective for AI research.
Deciding for others alters metacognition, leading to responsibility aversion
Authors: Bao Dongqi , Hare Todd , Edelson Micah
Published: October 2024

People often need to take responsibility for others, with widespread and lasting impacts on both themselves and those affected by the choice outcomes. Responsibility for others has been shown to alter behaviour in decisions involving risk and ambiguity, and increase delegation rates. Our work demonstrates that the influence of responsibility extends beyond risky choices and acts at the metacognitive level. Responsibility for others changes metacognitive biases leading to a decrease in decision confidence. We propose and empirically test a normative computational framework based on decision confidence to explain delegation behaviours with social responsibility.
Individuation: The Most Parsimonious Afterlife
Authors: Ohnemus Alexander Luke
Published: October 2024

What is the afterlife?
Evaluasi Dampak Ketidaksesuaian LSD dengan RTRW Terhadap Pembangunan dan Pertanian di Karanganyar
Authors: Rosit Harun All , Aisiyah Nuraini
Published: October 2024

The government has implemented a Protected Rice Land (LSD) policy to ensure the preservation of rice fields for national food security and to regulate land conversion. The determination of LSD often diverges from spatial planning (RTR), impacting multiple sectors, including investment and public services. This study seeks to align LSD policies to enhance food security and promote investment, particularly via the issuance of Suitability for Space Utilization Activities (KKPR). This study employs mixed methods to evaluate the compatibility of the LSD with the RTRW in Karanganyar Regency, revealing that 66.63% of the LSD area aligns with the RTR, while 33.37% does not. The Matesih District exhibits a discrepancy of 4.38%. The variations in LSD clauses within Land Technical Considerations (PTP) indicate their influence on KKPR services, with 45.5% of PTP categorized under the LSD area during the period of 2022-2024. Although there is minimal effect on agriculture and development, this discrepancy can be rectified through LSD verification evaluations and the enforcement of stringent policies in non-compliant areas. Recommendations involve reassessing inappropriate LSD areas, standardizing clauses, and offering incentives to ensure alignment of LSD policies with the RTR, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of public services.
Pemerintah telah menerapkan kebijakan Lahan Sawah Terlindung (LSD) untuk menjamin kelestarian lahan sawah demi ketahanan pangan nasional dan mengatur alih fungsi lahan. Penentuan LSD seringkali menyimpang dari perencanaan tata ruang (RTR), sehingga berdampak pada berbagai sektor, termasuk investasi dan pelayanan publik. Kajian ini berupaya menyelaraskan kebijakan LSD untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dan mendorong investasi, khususnya melalui penerbitan Kesesuaian Kegiatan Pemanfaatan Ruang (KKPR). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran (mixed method) untuk menilai kesesuaian LSD dengan RTRW di Kabupaten Karanganyar, yang menunjukkan bahwa 66,63% wilayah LSD sesuai dengan RTR, sedangkan 33,37% tidak. Kecamatan Matesih menunjukkan kesenjangan sebesar 4,38%. Variasi klausul LSD dalam Pertimbangan Teknis Pertanahan (PTP) menunjukkan pengaruhnya terhadap pelayanan KKPR, dimana 45,5% PTP masuk dalam kawasan LSD pada periode 2022-2024. Meskipun dampaknya minimal terhadap pertanian dan pembangunan, kesenjangan ini dapat diperbaiki melalui evaluasi verifikasi LSD dan penegakan kebijakan yang ketat di wilayah yang tidak patuh. Rekomendasinya mencakup penilaian ulang bidang LSD yang tidak sesuai, standarisasi klausul, dan penawaran insentif untuk memastikan keselarasan kebijakan LSD dengan RTR, sehingga meningkatkan efektivitas layanan publik.
OSMANLI-İRAN TİCARETİNDE BİR SINIR GÜMRÜĞÜ: KIZILDİZE
Authors: Pulat Hayrettin
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı Osmanlı-İran sınırının uç noktasında bulunan Bayezid Sancağına bağlı Kızıldize Gümrük İdaresinin ve buradaki işleyişin incelenmesidir. Belge analizine dayanan bu çalışmada ağırlıklı olarak Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri ve Osmanlılar tarafından tutulan Erzurum Vilayet Salnamesi’ndeki verilerden istifade edilmiştir. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı ile 20. yüzyılın ilk yıllarını kapsayan çalışma, Osmanlı Devleti’nin merkezî bürokratik yapılanmasının gümrüğe ne derece yansıtılmaya çalışıldığını ortaya koymayı da amaçlamaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra buradaki bürokratik yapı ve çalışan memurların kimler olduğu da elde edilen bilgilerden tespit edilmiştir. Bu noktada dikkat çeken husus ilk yıllarda memur sayısının oldukça düşük olmasına rağmen, ele alınan dönemin sonlarına doğru memur sayısında büyük bir artış yaşandığıdır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin merkezileşme eğiliminin artması, ticari münasebetlerinin olduğu İran ve İngiltereli tüccar ve diplomatlarının şikâyetlerini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Osmanlılar bilhassa yasa dışı ticaretin önüne geçmek maksadıyla birtakım tedbirler almak istemişlerse de ticaret güzergâhının değişeceği endişesinden hareketle aldıkları tedbirleri erteleme ve uygulamama yoluna gitmişlerdir. Bu da istenilen düzeyde bir merkezîleşme ile sonuçlanmadığı gibi yasal olmayan ticaretin önüne geçememeyi de beraberinde getirmiştir.
Nderek Kiai: Santri dalam Ideologi Politik Indonesia 2024
Authors: Rizqya Fatikhatur , Afdholy Nadya
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul "Nderek Kiai: Santri dan Ideologi Politik 2024" bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi penggunaan frasa "nderek Kiai" sebagai wacana untuk melegitimasi kekuasaan dan menginterpelasi santri guna memenangkan pasangan calon politik dalam pemilu 2024. Menggunakan analisis wacana kritis dan teori ideologi Terry Eagleton, penelitian ini menganalisis berita media massa tentang deklarasi dukungan Gus Mudhlor, Bupati Sidoarjo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa frasa "nderek Kiai" memiliki tujuan ideologis yang signifikan, digunakan untuk membangun legitimasi politik dengan menghubungkan dukungan politik dengan otoritas religius Kiai. Ini menciptakan narasi kuat yang beresonansi dengan komunitas santri, menginterpelasi mereka sebagai bagian dari gerakan politik tertentu, dan mendorong dukungan untuk pasangan calon 02. Penelitian ini mengungkap peran strategis frasa religius dalam memenangkan kontes politik elektoral di Indonesia.
Hemangiossarcoma hepático em cadela da raça Dobermann
Authors: Marques Maríndia Pereira , Guedes Elias Natasha , Baptista Larissa Sobolewski Magassy , Fraga Cibele Floriano
Published: October 2024

In this work, a case is reported of a young Doberman dog, with a history of ingesting sago palm (Cycas revoluta). During her first months of life, she presented changes in liver enzymes. The patient was diagnosed with primary hepatic hemangiosarcoma, which is a malignant neoplasm of the epithelial cells, and is highly metastatic in its visceral form. The diagnosis was made through exploratory laparotomy and histopathological results. In addition, complementary hematological and imaging tests were performed for a follow-up. Eight chemotherapy sessions with doxorubicin were performed. Due to the aggressiveness of this neoplasm, the prognosis was reserved to unfavorable. During treatment, the patient developed dilated cardiomyopathy, progressing to heart failure, which was the cause of death. The objective of this report is to present a case of primary hepatic hemangiosarcoma, raising the possible cause related to the carcinogenic agent responsible for its development.
Produção de vitelos
Authors: Santos Taís Aline Bregion dos
Published: October 2024

In the countries with high milk production, like in Europe and the United States of America, in the past 30 to 40 years, the abundance of male dairy calves from the big herds have encouraged the farmers to produce veal meat. Without discarding these animals, it is possible to produce a highly-demanded product for the market, however, with few suppliers, besides attending to the demand of consumption of low-cholesterol meat. It also opens the producers to a new market, till now not explored, providing an option of income to the dairy producers of many regions of the world, including Brazil. To make economically viable to raise dairy calves to produce veal, many aspects must be controlled. Maybe the first is to buy animals well immune by the ingestion of colostrums in the first hours of life, decreasing the mortality and the morbidity. Second, the substitution of milk for a commercial substitute during the initial phase of life, that is the most delicate and expensive one of the process, to minimize the costs of the producer.
Exploring Technological Innovation in Wave Forecasting Using Machine Learning: A Literature Analysis
Authors: Hapipi Muhammad
Published: October 2024

In the face of rapid technological advancements, innovations in wave forecasting are increasingly essential for effectively addressing the complex impacts of climate change. This study aims to explore technological developments in wave forecasting that can manage the complexities related to climate change and enhance the accuracy and efficiency of predictions in dynamic marine environments. Employing a qualitative approach through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology, the research focuses on literature from databases such as Scopus, DOAJ, and Google Scholar, specifically targeting publications from 2014 to 2024. Recent findings reveal that advancements in machine learning technologies, including deep learning, ensemble learning, transfer learning, and data augmentation, have significantly improved the precision and efficiency of wave forecasting models. Techniques like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have been particularly effective in capturing complex, non-linear patterns within wave data, enhancing the overall prediction accuracy. Ensemble learning methods have further contributed by increasing the stability and robustness of forecasts. Moreover, transfer learning and data augmentation play vital roles in adapting these models to rapidly changing environmental conditions, making them highly relevant in the context of climate change. These approaches are crucial for models to remain adaptable and responsive to dynamic oceanic conditions influenced by climate variability. The insights derived from this study are expected to provide valuable direction for the future development of machine learning-based wave forecasting models, emphasizing the need for innovative techniques that can accommodate the complexities and uncertainties brought about by climate change.
KADO SPESIAL: Strategic Innovation for Conservation Area Management in Pieh Island National Marine Protected Area, West Sumatra
Authors: Irfansyah Rahmat , Kurniawan Muh. Firdaus Agung Kunto , Mahardhika R. Hernan , Nugroho Fajar , Laia Dominikus Yoeli Wilson
Published: October 2024

The Pieh Island National Marine Protected Area (NMPA) is managed by the LKKPN (National Marine Protected Area Office) Pekanbaru and includes distinct zones: a 197.34-hectare core zone, a 39,681.1-hectare limited utilization zone, and a 41.56-hectare anchoring and habitat rehabilitation zone. The largest, the limited utilization zone, highlights the importance of managing human interactions within the MPA. This research focuses on identifying and exploring strategies to address challenges faced by LKKPN Pekanbaru in managing the Pieh Island NMPA, specifically using the Bando Island area as a case study. Bando Island, a survival tourism destination within the MPA, needs to be more adequately managed. A literature review and data collection through focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted. Issues were explored and validated using the APKL (Aktual, Problematik, Khalayak, Layak) analysis, with priorities determined by the USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) matrix. Fishbone analysis was used to identify root causes of top-priority issues, and alternative strategies were ranked using the McNamara approach. The research identified the lack of stakeholder collaboration as the primary issue, leading to the development of the "KADO SPESIAL" model—focusing on stakeholder involvement in every phase of the management process.
Soledad, apoyo social percibido y orientación al riesgo suicida en contexto de distanciamiento físico en hombres y mujeres de 18 a 25 años
Authors: Villegas Retamal Kevin , Suárez Vargas Carolina , Sepúlveda Betancur Adriana , Gutiérrez Arroyo María
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Se muestra la influencia de la soledad y el apoyo social en el riesgo suicida durante la pandemia en hombres y mujeres de 18 a 25 años. El suicidio ha aumentado cada año, estas fantasías de muerte suelen aparecer en un período de crisis psicológica y conflicto emocional. Metodología: Es cuantitativa, no experimental, descriptivo-correlacional y transversal. La muestra es de tipo no probabilística y los datos son recolectados empleando: escala ESTE-R para la medición de soledad, Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (EMASP) e Inventario de Orientaciones Suicidas ISO-30. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión; las hipótesis son contrastadas mediante estadística inferencial: coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, ANOVA y análisis de regresión lineal. Resultados: Muestran una relación entre las variables orientación del riesgo suicida, soledad y apoyo social percibido, destacando la soledad de tipo familiar y crisis existencial. Discusión: Los resultados son coherentes con los diferentes estudios que consideran que la soledad y la falta de apoyo social son factores de riesgo para la aparición de problemas de salud mental o comportamientos suicidas. Conclusiones: La soledad y el apoyo social percibido explican la presencia de riesgo de orientación suicida en la población estudiada.
Rozliczanie kosztów tzw. mediów w odniesieniu do najemców lokali komunalnych a VAT
Authors: Duda Michalina
Published: October 2024

Opodatkowanie podatkiem od towarów i usług sprzedaży tzw. mediów wobec najemców lokali komunalnych może w niektórych sytuacjach prowadzić do kaskadowego naliczania tego podatku. W konsekwencji lokatorzy mieszkań komunalnych zobowiązani są do ponoszenia wyższych kosztów tzw. mediów w porównaniu do mieszkańców będących właścicielami lokali znajdujących się w budynkach będących własnością wspólnoty mieszkaniowej. Z uwagi na to, że najemcy lokali komunalnych zazwyczaj należą do osób mniej zamożnych sytuacja taka oceniana jest jako wyjątkowo niesprawiedliwa. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie mechanizmów prawnych, które prowadzą do wskazanego zróżnicowania sytuacji prawnopodatkowej najemców i właścicieli lokali mieszkalnych znajdujących się w budynkach wielolokalowych stanowiących własność wspólnot mieszkaniowych oraz ocena zgodności przedstawionych praktyk z przepisami prawa krajowego i wspólnotowego.
The Comparison of Two Multitasking Approaches to Cognitive Training in Patients after Coronary Bypass Surgery: Theta Activity Changes and sLORETA Analysis Data
Authors: Kupriyanova D. S. , Tarasova I. V. , Kuhareva I. N. , Syrova I. D. , Sosnina A. S. , Trubnikova O. A. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: October 2024

The study investigated the changes in theta activity and localization of its sources by standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) in patients who have underwent two variants of multitasking cognitive training (CT) in the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Two groups were formed in a pseudo-random way, which differed according to the type of motor problem used: CT I (n = 27) – a postural balance task and CT II (n = 27) – a simple visual-motor reaction. Cognitive tasks were the same for both groups (counting backwards, verbal fluency, and unusual uses for common objects). Daily sessions of CT were held from the 3rd to 4th day after CABG, with a duration of 5 minutes on the 1st day of training and up to 20 minutes on the 6th to 7th day of training. The current density of theta rhythm sources was lower before CABG than after surgery in the CT II group only. The most significant differences are in the Brodmann area 31, the parietal occipital lobes and precuneus, which may indicate damage associated with cardiac surgery. This effect was not observed in the CT I group. The results of our study demonstrated the informativeness of sLORETA indicators to determine an effective cognitive recovery option after CABG. The reduction of the severity of damaging effects of CABG during training using cognitive tasks and postural balance task was shown. Further research is needed to determine the optimal mode and duration of cognitive training to maximize the functional reserves of such patients.
Changes in System Hemodynamics During Static Contractions of Upper and Lower Limb Muscles: Influence of Fatigue
Authors: Borovik A. S. , Pecheritsa M. A. , Vinogradova O. L. , Tarasova O. S.
Published: October 2024

The changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during exercise grow with the development of muscle fatigue due to activation of the ergoreflex (ER), which is commonly assessed by post-exercise blood flow occlusion. However, this approach does not reproduce ER functioning in natural conditions and is of little use for testing ER from receptors of lower limb muscles, which differ from upper limb muscles in metabolic characteristics, and are also subject to more pronounced changes as a result of physical inactivity in various diseases. The aim of this study was to compare changes in systemic hemodynamics during “natural” ER activation with the development of severe fatigue in a test with rhythmic static contractions of thigh or forearm muscles until failure to work. Nine young men performed rhythmic isometric contractions of the knee extensors or the wrist flexors while maintaining a given load level (40% of the maximum voluntary effort) in a 20 s contraction/20 relaxation mode until fatigue (work duration in both tests was about 30 min). During the tests, systemic BP (Finapres), stroke volume (SV, ModelFlow algorithm) and ECG were continuously recorded. Rhythmic contractions of both muscle groups were accompanied by an increase in BP and HR, while SV decreased. As fatigue developed, the changes in BP and SV during muscle contraction became more pronounced. Importantly, during contractions of the thigh muscles, fatigue potentiated an increase in BP because of an increase in total peripheral resistance, and during contractions of the forearm muscles, because of an increase in cardiac output. Thus, fatigue of various muscle groups is accompanied by activation of different components of the ER – vascular component during lower limb exercise and cardiac component during upper limb exercise. The results obtained must be considered when developing methods for assessing hemodynamic control in cardiovascular diseases, which are often associated with changes in both skeletal muscles and the functioning of the ergoreflex.
Proteome of Dried Blood Spots of Cosmonauts during a 6-Month Flight
Authors: Larina I. M. , Kashirina D. N. , Pastushkova L. Kh. , Kononikhin A. S. , Nosovsky A. M. , Brzhozovsky A. G. , Nikolaev E. N. , Orlov O. I.
Published: October 2024

For successful exploration of near space, construction of planetary bases and exploration of the Solar System planets, it is necessary to fill the gaps in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the human body response to space flight (SF) conditions. Subsequently, this will make it possible to get closer to the discovery of potential molecular targets for protection against adverse processes occurring in the body under the influence of SF conditions. The aim of the work was to assess the effect of a 6-month space flight on the proteome of dried blood spots of cosmonauts. As a result of proteomic analysis, processes with highly and moderately enriched proteins were identified. Among them, processes with reliable dynamics were identified on the 7th day of SF, as well as on the 3rd and 6th months of flight: these are clusters of energy processes, presentation of molecules on the membrane, initiation of immune defense, proteostasis and metabolism. Biological processes were identified in which the representation of proteins decreased most significantly, which was reflected in a weakening of activity in the presentation of molecules on the membrane, the initiation of immune defense, as well as in the mechanisms of proteostasis in the acute period of adaptation to the factors of the initial stage of flight. It has been shown that there is a close interaction with proteins of the cytoskeleton organization that disappear or reappear in the dried blood spots proteome during flight, and that relate to processes whose activity significantly decreased during SF (immune system, proteostasis, metabolism).
Na+/K+ Ratio in Blood Serum as a Criterion of Human Functional State
Authors: Natochin Yu. V.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the physiological significance of the Na+/K+ ratio in blood serum as a criterion of a person’s functional state. Normally, in an adult, the ratio is 32.2 ± 0.5, it increases in a healthy person under the influence of extreme factors (space flight (cosmonauts, astronauts), long-term strict bedrest, etc.), with Covid-19 disease, and some orphan diseases in children. The issue of Na+/K+ in blood serum is being discussed, but not between the K+-rich cell and the Na+-dominated extracellular environment. The Na+/K+ ratio in blood serum is considered as an important parameter of a person’s physiological state and, depending on the numerical value, as an indicator of the functional state from normal to overload, severe complications to the prognosis of death.
Results of a 100-Year Study of the Problem of Overtraining
Authors: Gavrilova E. A. , Churganov O. A.
Published: October 2024

The paper provides a historical review of the concepts of overtraining in sports since 1923 and summarizes the results of the study of the problem. The author’s concept of overtraining syndrome is considered from the perspective of the theory of stress and adaptation. The commonality of overtraining with the syndrome of relative energy deficiency in sports and disruption of adaptation of the circulatory apparatus is shown. Much attention in the article is paid to non-training stress, which under certain conditions can become the leading cause of overtraining syndrome.
Underground parts of fence fortifications in Siberia in the late 16th – early 18th century
Authors: Gorokhov Sergey V.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a study in the design of the underground part of the fence walls in wooden defensive structures. It was established that to date this issue has not been properly developed. The source base consists of the results of archaeological research and data from written sources. The paper provides information on the depth and width of the fence grooves, their shape and the interdependence of these parameters. The author established the fact that there existed a standard for deepening fence into the ground. The issue of the multiple fence walls is considered in detail. It is proved that such fence structures did not exist, but the “multiple fence” pattern recorded on some sites is only a reflection of repairs of fence walls as well as the presence of retaining walls and supporting structures of platforms. It was found that the fence posts were dug into the ground rather than clogged. The latter technique was typical for the pillars of auxiliary structures at the fence.
Strengthening the Role of Youth in Promoting Religious Moderation through Social Media
Authors: Wijayanti Tri Yuliana , Harlis Syukri Alfauzi
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of technology, social media has become a vital tool in disseminating information, particularly among youth. This study aims to analyze and identify effective strategies to strengthen the role of youth in spreading religious moderation through social media. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this research identifies various strategies that can be implemented by youth to become agents of religious moderation. Data were collected through interviews with youth involved in youth organizations and through content analysis of popular social media platforms such as TikTok and Instagram. The results show that youth hold a strategic role in promoting religious moderation amidst an information overload that often leads to the spread of misinformation and intolerance. Strengthening digital literacy skills, including training as gatekeepers and influencers on social media, is crucial to ensure that youth can differentiate between accurate information and misinformation while effectively promoting moderation. Additionally, peacebuilding campaigns on social media have proven to be a significant step in enhancing youth’s role. In conclusion, youth have great potential as agents of religious moderation if equipped with digital skills and a deep understanding of moderation, contributing to the reduction of conflict-inducing misinformation