bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Latent infections, coronavirus disease 2019 and psychiatric disorders: The friend of my enemy
Authors: Mofazzal Jahromi Mirza Ali , Sefidfard Mina , Taghipour Ali , Roustazadeh Abazar , Matin Sara , Mir Hamed , Badri Milad , Bahrami Fares , Abdoli Amir
Published: October 2022

Recent reports revealed an increased rate of hospitalization and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) among patients with psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, there is a link between latent infections, including Toxoplasma gondii, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) with psychiatric disorders. We individually assessed data regarding 1) the mortality rate of COVID‐19 among individuals with psychiatric disorders; 2) the association of latent infections in COVID‐19 patients and 3) the association between latent infections and psychiatric disorders. We developed the hypothesis that latent infection could increase the risk of severe COVID‐19 among patients with psychiatric disorders. Cumulative evidence proposed that infection with toxoplasmosis, CMV and HSV‐1 could increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Co‐V2) infections among patients with psychiatric disorders probably by induction of hyperinflammatory conditions. These infections are also associated with hyperinflammation and T cell exhaustion, which has also been observed in both schizophrenia and COVID‐19. This hypothesis provides new insights into the role of latent infections in increasing the mortality rates of COVID‐19 among individuals with psychiatric disorders. Strategies for screening, early diagnosis and treatment of these infections could be recommended for COVID‐19 patients with a background of psychiatric disorders.
Intraoperative cytology when cryostat is not available. A 7‐year experience in a Peruvian cancer center
Authors: Abad‐Licham Milagros , Astigueta Juan , De Las Casas Luis , Gonzales‐Saravia Jesús , Ortiz Cynthia , Vásquez Oriana , Bardales Ricardo H.
Published: October 2022

Background

Intraoperative cytology (IC) is an alternative to frozen‐section (FS) diagnosis. We present our experience with and the diagnostic value of IC during a 7‐year period when FS was not available in a Peruvian Cancer Center.

Material and Methods

This 7‐year retrospective single‐arm review study includes IC procedures performed by three pathologists between 2012 and 2018. These IC reports were reviewed independently by one pathologist and were correlated with the histologic diagnoses, which were used as the gold standard. All IC preparations (imprint, scrape, and crush smears) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. IC interpretations were categorized as: malignant, benign, atypical, and “deferred to permanent sections.” Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated by use of standard methods.

Results

A total of 1814 IC cases prepared from various organs obtained from 887 patients were reviewed. Malignant, benign, atypical, and “deferred to permanent sections” IC diagnoses were 26.3%, 68.9%, 3.7%, and 1.9%, respectively. Atypical and deferred cases were excluded from the statistical analysis; thus 1712 cases were found to be eligible. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall diagnostic accuracy were 91.6%, 97.7%, 94.1%, 96.7%, and 96%, respectively.

Conclusion

In experienced hands, IC is a rapid, cost‐effective, and accurate alternative diagnostic modality for intraoperative diagnosis when FS is not available.
In vitro metabolic fate of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (quinolin‐8‐yl 4‐methyl‐3‐(morpholine‐4‐sulfonyl)benzoate [QMMSB]) and (quinolin‐8‐yl 4‐methyl‐3‐((propan‐2‐yl)sulfamoyl)benzoate [QMiPSB]) including isozyme mapping and carboxylesterases activity testing
Authors: Richter Matthias J. , Wagmann Lea , Kavanagh Pierce V. , Brandt Simon D. , Meyer Markus R.
Published: October 2022

The synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) (quinolin‐8‐yl 4‐methyl‐3‐(morpholine‐4‐sulfonyl)benzoate [QMMSB]) and (quinolin‐8‐yl 4‐methyl‐3‐((propan‐2‐yl)sulfamoyl)benzoate [QMiPSB], also known as SGT‐46) are based on the structure of quinolin‐8‐yl 4‐methyl‐3‐(piperidine‐1‐sulfonyl)benzoate (QMPSB) that has been identified on seized plant material in 2011. In clinical toxicology, knowledge of the metabolic fate is important for their identification in biosamples. Therefore, the aim of this study was the identification of in vitro Phase I and II metabolites of QMMSB and QMiPSB in pooled human liver S9 fraction (pHLS9) incubations for use as screening targets. In addition, the involvement of human monooxygenases and human carboxylesterases (hCES) was examined. Analyses were performed by liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Ester hydrolysis was found to be an important step in the Phase I metabolism of both SCRAs, with the carboxylic acid product being found only in negative ionization mode. Monohydroxy and N‐dealkyl metabolites of the ester hydrolysis products were detected as well as glucuronides. CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 were involved in hydroxylation. Whereas enzymatic ester hydrolysis of QMiPSB was mainly catalyzed by hCES1 isoforms, nonenzymatic ester hydrolysis was also observed. The results suggest that ester hydrolysis products of QMMSB and QMiPSB and their glucuronides are suitable targets for toxicological screenings. The additional use of the negative ionization mode is recommended to increase detectability of analytes. Different cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes were involved in the metabolism; thus, the probability of drug–drug interactions due to CYP inhibition can be assessed as low.
Phospholipid metabolites of GHB as potential biomarkers in whole blood: Synthesis, analytics, and in vitro formation of homolog 16:0/18:1
Authors: Thimm Julian S. , Hofmann Vanessa , Bartel Marc , Sundermann Tom R.
Published: October 2022

Gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a common drug of abuse, and the detection of a consumption or administration is a longstanding research objective in clinical and forensic toxicology. However, until now, the short detection window of GHB could not be enlarged by the use of GHB metabolites. Therefore, new biomarkers for the detection of a GHB intake are needed. In analogy to phosphatidylethanols as long‐time biomarkers of ethanol, phospholipids with GHB might represent a promising compound class. While the availability of reference compounds often represents a bottleneck in clinical and forensic toxicological research, two phospholipids—phosphatidyl‐GHB (16:0/18:1) and its isomer phosphatidyl beta‐hydroxybutyric acid (16:0/18:1)—were successfully synthesized by a new highly versatile synthetic route. Structural characterization data, together with 1H‐, 13C‐, and 31P‐NMR and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) spectra, are reported. Subsequently, a HPLC–MS/MS method was established for the determination of both compounds (limits of detection [LOD] ≤ 2 ng/ml), and the formation of these metabolites was investigated in two in vitro experiments. The formation of phosphatidyl‐GHB (16:0/18:1) was observed in an incubation experiment by converting phosphatidylcholine (16:0/18:1) and GHB with phospholipase D and in whole blood samples spiked with 50 mM GHB, respectively. Therefore, phosphatidyl‐GHB (16:0/18:1) might represent a valuable new metabolite of GHB with the potential for an extension of the detection window as GHB biomarker.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on eating disorders in U.S. military veterans
Authors: Mitchell Karen S. , Smith Brian N. , Masheb Robin , Vogt Dawne
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a profound impact on mental health around the world. Although there have been reports that the incidence of eating disorders (EDs) has increased during the pandemic, few longitudinal studies have examined recent changes in EDs. Men and women with military histories may be particularly vulnerable to EDs, underscoring the importance of investigating the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on EDs in this population.

Method

We examined whether early‐pandemic (Time 1; T1) posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were associated with change in probable ED diagnostic status 1 year later (T2). We also investigated relationships from early pandemic mental health symptoms to change in ED diagnostic status from T1 to T2 via pandemic‐related life circumstance pathways (health, financial, social, etc.). Participants included a population‐based sample of 372 U.S. veterans who completed the T1 and T2 surveys.

Results

Early pandemic mental health was significantly and positively associated with probable ED diagnostic status. Social and health satisfaction as well as physical health pandemic impacts mediated the associations between mental health symptoms and ED diagnostic status.

Discussion

Findings highlight the importance of bolstering social connection, health‐promoting behaviors, and access to ED treatment among veteran men and women impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Public Significance

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a profound impact on mental health, including eating disorders (EDs). We found that early pandemic mental health symptoms were significantly associated with changes in U.S. veterans' ED diagnostic status 1 year later. Mental health symptoms increased ED diagnoses via their impact on social and health satisfaction, as well as physical health impacts of the pandemic. Findings highlight the importance of increasing social connection, health‐promoting behaviors, and ED treatment access among veteran men and women, who may be particularly vulnerable to EDs, during the COVID pandemic.
A practical approach to the guideline‐directed pharmacological treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Abdin Amr , Bauersachs Johann , Soltani Samira , Eden Matthias , Frey Norbert , Böhm Michael
Published: October 2022

Over the last 15–20 years, remarkable developments of heart failure (HF) pharmacotherapies have been achieved. However, HF remains a global healthcare challenge with more than 64 million patients worldwide. Optimization of guideline‐directed chronic HF medical therapy is highly recommended with every patient visit to improve outcomes in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction. However, the majority of patients in real‐world settings are treated with doses that are lower than those with proven efficacy in clinical trials, which might be due to concerns of adverse effects and inertia of physicians. Likewise, a significant proportion of patients still do not receive all drug classes that could improve their prognosis. The recent European Society of Cardiology guidelines do not provide detailed recommendations on how these drug classes should be implemented in the treatment of inpatients to allow for both safety and a high likelihood of efficacy. We therefore propose a practical approach algorithm to support physicians to treat HF patients in their daily practice.
Electroanalytical Study of Fungicide Bixafen on Paste Electrode Based on the Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Synthesized in Air Conditions and its Determination in River Water Samples
Authors: Brycht Mariola , Kowalewska Karolina , Skrzypek Sławomira , Mirčeski Valentin
Published: October 2022

An electrochemical study of the fungicide bixafen using a paste electrode based on thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGOPE) synthesized in air is presented for the first time. Cyclic voltammetry and square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) were conducted to characterize the mechanism of the underlying electrode process of bixafen. Optimization of the procedure for the quantitative determination of bixafen was carried out by SWV. Excellent electroanalytical performance in terms of a limit of detection of 31.5 nmol L−1 was achieved. The TRGOPE was effectively employed to analyze bixafen in spiked river and tap water samples. The selectivity towards bixafen determination was also assessed.
Physicochemical characterization of levulinate esters with different alkyl chain lengths blended with fuel
Authors: Wu Peng , Miao Changlin , Zhuang Xinshu , Li Wuhuan , Tan Xuesong , Yang Tianhua
Published: October 2022

Due to the advantages of cellulosic biomass, such as abundant reserves, renewable, and wide sources, the large‐scale development of lignocellulosic biomass fuels has the advantage of relieving energy pressure and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction, of which the levulinate esters are a potential biomass liquid fuel. In this study, different alkyl chain lengths of the levulinate esters were blended with 0# fossil diesel, and the physicochemical properties of the blended fuels, such as mutual solubility, density, distillation range, closed flash point, kinematic viscosity, cold filter plugging point, oxidation stability, and sulfur content and other physical and chemical properties were tested and investigated. The results showed that the longer the alkyl chains of the levulinate esters, the better their stability when mixed with 0# petrochemical diesel. And levulinate esters with short alkyl chains can be easily separated from blended fuels at low temperatures. The physicochemical properties of the blended fuels improved significantly with the increase of carbon chain length and levulinate esters content, low‐temperature flow characteristics, atomization characteristics of spraying, and safety of transportation and storage, and the physicochemical properties of levulinate blended fuels with long alkyl chains were more superior than shorter alkyl chains of the levulinate esters.
Active‐ion‐gated room temperature acetone gas sensing of ZnO nanowires array
Authors: Guo Junmeng , Gan Jiahui , Ruan Haoran , Yuan Xiaobo , Kong Chuiyun , Liu Yang , Su Meiying , Liu Yabing , Liu Wei , Zhang Bao , Zhang Yongle , Cheng Gang , Du Zuliang
Published: October 2022

Reducing the high operation temperature of gas sensor to room temperature (RT) have attracted intense interests for its distinct preponderances, including energy‐saving and super stability, which presents great prospects in commercial application. The exciting strategies for RT gas sensing, such as unique materials with activated surface or light activation, do not directly modulate the active ions for gas sensing, limiting the RT gas sensing performances. Here, an active‐ion‐gated strategy has been proposed for RT gas sensing with high performance and low power consumption, in which gas ions in triboelectric plasma are introduced into metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) film to act as both floating gate and active sensing ions. The active‐ion‐gated ZnO nanowires (NWs) array shows a sensitivity of 38.3% to 10 ppm acetone gas at RT, and the maximum power consumption is only 4.5 mW. At the same time, the gas sensor exhibits excellent selectivity to acetone. More importantly, the response (recovery) time of this sensor is as low as 11 s (25 s). It is found that OH−(H2O)4 ions in plasma are the key for realizing RT gas sensing ability, and an accompanied resistive switch is also observed. It is considered that the electron transfer between OH−(H2O)4 and ZnO NWs will forms a hydroxyl‐like intermediate state (OH*) on the top of Zn2+, leading to the band bending of ZnO and activating the reactive O2− ions on the oxygen vacancies. The active‐ion‐gated strategy proposed here present a novel exploration to achieving RT gas sensing performance of MOS by activating sensing properties at the scale of ions or atoms.
Strategies to address barriers and improve bowel cancer screening participation in Indigenous populations, particularly in rural and remote communities: A scoping review
Authors: Ireland Kerri , Hendrie Delia , Ledwith Tonia , Singh Asha
Published: October 2022

Background

Participation in bowel cancer screening programs is low in Indigenous1 Australian populations, particularly in rural and remote communities. There is growing evidence of strategies to increase screening rates amongst Indigenous Australians, however, there are limited strategies specific to rural and remote communities.

Objective

This review aims to identify strategies that may increase bowel cancer screening rates amongst Indigenous populations, particularly in rural and remote communities.

Methodology

A literature search was undertaken which included peer‐reviewed qualitative and quantitative articles of any study design, and grey literature. Evidence from New Zealand, Canada, United Kingdom, and Australia were included, and descriptive numerical and thematic analyses were conducted. The identified strategies were categorised using the National Cancer Policy Board's organisational framework.

Results

Nineteen strategies were identified from 23 included articles. The most frequently used strategies were recommendation from a general practitioner, culturally appropriate education resources, and nonresponder follow up. Four strategies were specific to rural and remote communities including alternative distribution of kits and mobile screening. Thirteen strategies aim to address the Knowledge category of the framework, four address Attitudes, four address Ability, and six address Reinforcement.

So What?: Several strategies are available to increase bowel cancer screening in Indigenous populations, with very few strategies specifically relating to rural and remote communities. Multiple strategies may maximise the likelihood of participation in screening amongst Indigenous Australians. Implementation may require system‐level and local‐level changes.
Viscous dissipation and radiation absorption effects on unsteady MHD free convective fluid flow past an inclined porous plate with chemical reaction
Authors: Prasad T. R. K. D. Vara , Linga Raju T. , Rajakumar K. V. B.
Published: October 2022

The current scrutinization concentrated on the consequences of viscous dissipation and chemical reaction on unsteady MHD two‐dimensional free convective fluid flow past a semi‐infinite inclined permeable plate with radiation absorption and heat generation. The governing equations are determined analytically by employing the perturbation technique. The impact of various physical estimators on velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, and Nusselt number along with Sherwood number were exemplified quantitatively through graphs. It was concluded that velocity declined with the incremental values of Eckert number, but contradictory impact occurred in the case of skin friction. In addition temperature, Nusselt number, as well as velocity, declined with the progressive values of radiation absorption. However, skin friction was accelerated with the augmented values of radiation absorption. Velocity accelerated, with the progressive values of angle of inclination. Concentration declined with the various augmentation values of chemical reaction as well as Schmidt number.
A fuzzy logic framework to handle uncertainty in remote sensing‐based hydrological data for water budget improvement across mid‐ and small‐scale basins
Authors: Kayan Gökhan , Türker Umut , Erten Esra
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the efficacy of remote sensing (RS) products for water budget (WB) analysis has been widely tested and implemented in global and regional basins. Although RS products provide high temporal and spatial resolution images with near‐global coverage, uncertainty is still a significant problem. Fuzzy logic is a powerful technique for dealing with uncertainty in different engineering problems. In this study, the annual residual error () in the WB equation arising from the uncertainties of the RS products was minimized by applying fuzzy correction coefficients to each WB component. For analysis, three different fuzzy linear regression (FLR) models with 14 different sub‐models were used in the two basins having different spatial characteristics, namely Sakarya and Cyprus basins. Although FLR sub‐models produce similar findings in the Sakarya basin, they generated more complex results in the Cyprus basin. This is mainly due to the higher uncertainty of the RS products in the Cyprus basin. The Cyprus basin is too small for some low‐resolution RS‐based products to resolve, and it has a higher leakage error due to across ocean/land boundary. In addition, the general performance of sub‐models is better in the Sakarya basin than that in the Cyprus basin. The best fuzzy sub‐models reduced the error up to 68% and 52% in terms of mean absolute error compared with the non‐fuzzy model in the Sakarya and Cyprus basins, respectively. Further evaluations showed that the best sub‐model precipitation well captured the temporal patterns of gauge observations in both basins. Moreover, they have the best consistency with gauge observations in terms of root mean square error, Kling‐Gupta efficiency, and percent bias in both basins. The results proved that this study will provide valuable insights into WB analysis in ungauged basins by incorporating the fuzzy logic approach into hydrological RS products.
Residual UNet with Dual Attention—An ensemble residual UNet with dual attention for multi‐modal and multi‐class brain MRI segmentation
Authors: Kumari K. H. Vijaya , Barpanda Soubhagya Sankar
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we have proposed a variant of UNet for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation. The proposed model, termed as Residual UNet with Dual Attention (RUDA), addresses the two significant challenges of UNet: extraction of the complex features with unclear boundaries and the problem of over‐segmentation due to the redundancy caused by the skip connection usage. RUDA is constituted upon the residual blocks for extracting the complex structures. It Introduces attention into the skip connections to avoid redundancy and thereby the chance of over‐segmentation. Our model segments brain MRI into white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) regions, which are considered crucial informative substructures for diagnosing neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's. It has been implemented in an ensemble manner to accommodate the multi‐sequence (T1‐weighted, IR, and T2‐FLAIR) scans. The empirical analysis shows that with an accuracy of 93.80%, RUDA outperforms the two baseline models: UNet (91.37%), ResUNet (91.44%).
Volume adaptation of neonatal cardiomyocyte spheroids in 3D stiffness gradient GelMA
Authors: Chin Ian L. , Amos Sebastian E. , Jeong Ji Hoon , Hool Livia , Hwang Yongsung , Choi Yu Suk
Published: October 2022

Present understandings of cardiomyocyte mechanobiology have primarily been developed using 2‐dimensional, monocellular cell cultures, however the emergence of 3‐dimensional (3D) multicellular cardiac constructs has enabled us to develop more sophisticated recapitulations of the cardiac microenvironment. Several of these strategies have illustrated that incorporating elements of the extracellular matrix (ECM) can promote greater maturation and enhance desirable cardiac functions, such as contractility, but the responses of these cardiac constructs to biophysically aberrant conditions, such as in the post‐infarct heart, has remained relatively unexplored. In our study, we employ a stiffness gradient gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel platform to unpack the mechanobiology of cardiac spheroids. We encapsulated neonatal rat cardiac cell spheroids in a 4.4–18.7 kPa linear stiffness gradient up to 120 h. We found the proportion of viable cells within the spheroids increased over time, but the cell number per spheroid decreased. Spheroids expand more in softer matrices while stiffer matrices promote larger nuclei without changing nuclei shape. Volume expansion came primarily from cells expressing vimentin. We did not observe any correlations between stiffness and mechanomarker expression, however we found that after 120 h post‐encapsulation, the localization of YAP, the localization of MRTF‐A and the expression of Lamin‐A was correlated with spheroid morphology. The same trends were not observed 24 h post‐encapsulation, indicating that volume adaptation can take a relatively long time. Our data demonstrates that cardiac spheroids are mechanosensitive and that their capacity to respond to ECM‐based cues depends on their capacity to adapt their volume with a 3D microenvironment.
Protein kinase C beta relieves autism‐like behavior in EN2 knockout mice via upregulation of the FTO/PGC‐1α/UCP1 axis
Authors: Song Xingyu , Hu Qibo , Xu Xiaoheng , Pan Wei
Published: October 2022

Increasing evidence suggests that disruption of neuron activity contributes to the autistic phenotype. Thus, we aimed in this study to explore the role of protein kinase C beta (PKCβ) in the regulation of neuron activity in an autism model. The expression of PKCβ in the microarray data of autism animal models was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Then, mice with autism‐like behavior were prepared in EN2 knockout (−/−) mice. The interaction between PKCβ on fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO) as well as between PGC‐1α and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) were characterized. The effect of FTO on the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification level of proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC‐1α) was assayed. Following transfection of overexpressed PKCβ and/or silenced UCP1, effects of PKCβ and UCP1 in autism‐like behaviors in EN2−/− mice were analyzed. Results showed that PKCβ was downregulated in EN2−/− mouse brain tissues or neurons. PKCβ promoted the expression and stability of FTO, which downregulated the m6A modification level of PGC‐1α to promote its expression. Moreover, PGC‐1α positively targeted the expression of UCP1. PKCβ knockdown enhanced sociability and spatial exploration ability, and reduced neuron apoptosis in EN2−/− mouse models of autism, which was reversed by UCP1 overexpression. Collectively, PKCβ overexpression leads to activation of the FTO/m6A/PGC‐1α/UCP1 axis, thus inhibiting neuron apoptosis and providing neuroprotection in mice with autism‐like behavior.
Impact of the number of cryopreserved CD34+ cells in the infused blood grafts on hematologic recovery and survival in myeloma patients after autologous stem cell transplantation: Experience from the GOA study
Authors: Partanen Anu , Turunen Antti , Silvennoinen Raija , Valtola Jaakko , Pyörälä Marja , Siitonen Timo , Sikiö Anu , Putkonen Mervi , Sankelo Marja , Penttilä Karri , Kuittinen Taru , Mäntymaa Pentti , Pelkonen Jukka , Jantunen Esa , Varmavuo Ville
Published: October 2022

Background

Prospective data on the impact of CD34+ cell loss during cryopreservation and the amount of cryopreserved CD34+ cells infused after high‐dose therapy on hematologic recovery and post‐transplant outcome in multiple myeloma (MM) are scarce.

Patients and methods

This post‐hoc study aimed to investigate factors associating with CD34+ cell loss during cryopreservation and the effects of the infusion of a very low number (<1.0 × 106/kg, group A), low number (1–1.9 × 106/kg, group B), and optimal number (≥2 × 106/kg, group C) of thawed viable CD34+ cells on hematologic recovery, progression free survival, and overall survival after autologous stem cell transplantation among 127 patients with MM.

Results

In group C, pegfilgrastim use (P = 0.001), plerixafor use (P = 0.039), and older age ≥ 60 years (P = 0.026) were associated with less loss of CD34+ cells during cryopreservation. Better mobilization efficacy correlated with greater CD34+ cell loss in group B (P = 0.013 and P = 0.001) and in group C (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). Early platelet engraftment was slowest in group A (20 d vs 12 d in group B vs 11 d in group C, P = 0.003). The infused viable CD34+ cell count <1.0 × 106/kg seemed not to have influence on PFS (P = 0.322) or OS (P = 0.378) in MM patients.

Conclusions

Cryopreservation impacts significantly on the CD34+ cell loss. A very low number of graft viable CD34+ cells did not affect PFS or OS.
Understanding the extracellular vesicle surface for clinical molecular biology
Authors: Hallal Susannah , Tűzesi Ágota , Grau Georges E. , Buckland Michael E. , Alexander Kimberley L.
Published: October 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid‐membrane enclosed nanoparticles that play significant roles in health and disease. EVs are abundant in body fluids and carry an array of molecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and glycans) that reflect the identity and activity of their cell‐of‐origin. While the advent of high throughput omics technologies has allowed in‐depth characterisation of EV compositions, how these molecular species are spatially distributed within EV structures is not well appreciated. This is particularly true of the EV surface where a plethora of molecules are reported to be both integral and peripherally associated to the EV membrane. This coronal layer or ‘atmosphere’ that surrounds the EV membrane contributes to a large, highly interactive and dynamic surface area that is responsible for facilitating EV interactions with the extracellular environment. The EV coronal layer harbours surface molecules that reflect the identity of parent cells, which is likely a highly valuable property in the context of diagnostic liquid biopsies. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the mechanical, electrostatic and molecular properties of the EV surface that offer significant biomarker potential and contribute to a highly dynamic interactome.
Bone marrow biopsies: A hospitalist bedside procedure service 5‐year experience
Authors: Swartz Sheila , Puetz Joseph R. , Madenberg Devin , Voigt Lara , Cuzovic Nikola , Bielecki Matthew , Umpierrez De Reguero Adrian
Published: October 2022

Background

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsies (BMAB) are a relatively frequent procedure needed in the inpatient setting, especially in a tertiary care center.

Objective

Procedure‐focused hospitalists can provide an excellent option for doing inpatient BMAB. Here we present five years of experience with a hospitalist bedside procedure service (BPS) performing BMAB.

Design

In 2016, the BPS partnered with the oncology service to begin performing inpatient BMAB.

Settings and Participants

We evaluated internally collected data from the procedures performed by the BPS from 2016–2020.

Intervention

From 2015–2016, faculty members on the BPS team were trained by the oncology department to do a BMAB, which was then offered as an inpatient procedure by the BPS from 2016–2021.

Main Outcome and Measures

Total number of BMAB performed, success rates, bleeding risk profiles of patients, rate of trainee participation, and complication rates.

Results

The BPS performed a total of 432 BMAB from 2016–2021. Forty‐six (10.6%) were unsuccessful and required referral for CT guidance. Elevated bleeding risk was present in 88 (20.4%) of patients. Trainees assisted in 62 (14.4%) of the procedures.There was one complication (0.2%).
The transformational potential of molecular radiomics
Authors: Currie Geoffrey , Hawk K Elizabeth , Rohren Eric
Published: October 2022

Conventional radiomics in nuclear medicine involve hand‐crafted and computer‐assisted regions of interest. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have seen the emergence of AI‐augmented segmentation and extraction of lower order traditional radiomic features. Deep learning (DL) affords the opportunity to extract abstract radiomic features directly from input tensors (images) without the need for segmentation. These fourth‐order, high dimensional radiomics produce deep radiomics and are well suited to the data density associated with the molecular nature of hybrid imaging. Molecular radiomics and deep molecular radiomics provide insights beyond images and quantitation typical of semantic reporting. While the application of molecular radiomics using hand‐crafted and computer‐generated features is integrated into decision‐making in nuclear medicine, the acceptance of deep molecular radiomics is less universal. This manuscript aims to provide an understanding of the language and principles associated with radiomics and deep radiomics in nuclear medicine.
A novel plasma proteomic‐based model for predicting liver fibrosis in HIV/HBV co‐infected adults
Authors: Yuan Rui , Zhang Yongxi , Deng Liping , Yu Xingxia , Zhuang Ke , Chen Xiaoping , Cao Qian , Ping Haiqin , Ke Hengning , Gui Xien , Yang Rongrong
Published: October 2022

To establish a plasma model to predict the risk of liver fibrosis in HIV/HBV co‐infected individuals. Quantitative liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry(LC‐MS/MS) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in plasma collected from HIV/HBV co‐infected individuals with and without liver fibrosis. In total, 97 DEPs were identified, among which 11 were further validated as potential biomarkers, with immunoglobulin and complement components being the most common proteins. These markedly altered proteins were found to mediate pathophysiological pathways, including humoral immune response, complement and coagulation cascades, and complement activation. A visual logistic model, in which immunoglobulin heavy variable 3‐20 (IGHV3‐20), immunoglobulin heavy variable 1‐24 (IGHV1‐24), and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) proteins were included, has been established to predict liver fibrosis in HIV/HBV co‐infected individuals. The preliminary conclusion showed that the combination of IGHV3‐20, IGFHV1‐24, and CSF1R is expected to become a predictive model for liver fibrosis in the context of HIV/HBV co‐infection and a further validation should be performed.
The Role of Fluorescent Angiography in Free Flap Reconstruction of the Head and Neck
Authors: Taghizadeh Farshid , Troob Scott H. , Wax Mark K.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Highlight the use of fluorescent angiography in free flap reconstruction of the head and neck. Qualify how fluorescent angiography can be selectively added to management paradigms for head and neck free flap reconstruction.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of 993 free flaps completed from the time the SPY Elite® system first became available at our institution between September 2013, until August 2020. Cases that used the SPY Elite® system were grouped into three broad categories: evaluation during initial flap harvest while still attached to the donor site, evaluation after anastomosis in the head and neck area, and evaluation post‐operatively for questionable flap viability.

Results

The SPY Elite® system was used in 64 cases. Forty flaps were evaluated intraoperatively during initial harvest and before anastomosis to the head and neck area. Of these, 20 had signs of poor perfusion of the entire skin paddle, 12 had large myogenous or skin flaps with questionable perfusion of the distal aspect, and 8 were evaluated for other reasons. In this group the use of SPY Elite® changed the management of the patient in 20 cases (50%). Ten flaps were evaluated intraoperatively after anastomosis to the head and neck to ascertain adequate flow to the entire flap. In this group management was changed in two (20%). Fourteen flaps were evaluated 3–5 days post operatively due to suspected failure of a component. In five cases (36%), the use of SPY Elite® determined management with either trimming or discarding the flap.

Conclusion

Assessment of flap perfusion via fluorescent angiography during initial flap harvest or when flap compromise is suspected post‐operatively can guide decision making in free flap reconstruction of the head and neck and can be added to existing planning and management paradigms.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:1388–1393, 2023
Effect of thermal oxidation on structural and tribological properties of MoS2 films
Authors: Çiçek Hikmet , Gözübüyük Özkan , Efeoğlu İhsan
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the structural, mechanical and tribological behaviours of thermally oxidized MoS2 films. MoS2 coatings were deposited on D2 tool steel substrates using the closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering method (CFUBMS). The thermal oxidation process was carried out at four different temperatures. Tribological properties were determined by pin‐on‐disc wear tests in the atmospheric environment. It was determined that thermal oxidation temperatures affected the chemical composition of MoS2 films, but did not cause any change in film thickness. The wear rates of the samples differed depending on the oxidation temperature and the applied load. The lowest wear rate was determined as 1.97 × 10−8 mm3/Nm in the oxidized film at 350°C. In addition, the highest hardness value was obtained as 655 HV in the film oxidized at 400°C, and the lowest coefficient of friction was obtained as 0.01 in the film oxidized at 350°C.
Histopathological evaluation of the R134a multipulsed spray cooling assisted 1210 nm laser lipolysis by the murine model in vivo
Authors: Xin Hui , Deng Chenggang , Zhou Hongmei , Sang Xuehao , Chen Bin
Published: October 2022

Background and Objective

Owing to the greater absorption affinity for lipo‐rich tissue than water, the 1210 nm laser is a promising candidate for transcutaneous lipolysis in the near‐infrared band. However, fat reduction is limited because laser therapy may yield thermal injury of normal tissue. A new protocol to incorporate multipulsed cryogen spray cooling is beneficial to improve the lipolysis effect, and the parameters of laser and cooling can be optimized via skin histopathological analysis.

Materials and Methods

A murine in vivo model of inguinal tissue of SD rats was established to test the effectivity of transcutaneous lipolysis protocol by R134a multipulsed spray cooling assisted 1210 nm laser irradiation. Tissue response of lipolysis with/without cooling 10 days post the treatment was evaluated by histopathological analysis of skin samples stained with hematoxylin–eosin (HE), through which safe and effective parameters for lipolysis were determined.

Results

From histopathological analysis of the inguinal tissue of SD rats irradiated by the 1210 nm laser alone, the optimal durations are respectively 7 and 3 s (seconds) for low‐dosage (6 W) and high‐dosage (9 W) therapy, with pronounced lipolysis effect and minimum injury of skin tissue. The multipulsed spray cooling by R134a with a pulse duration of 10 ms (milliseconds), a pulse delay of 2000 ms, and a pulse number of 5 can be introduced to assist the 1210 nm laser therapy with a power of 9 W and a duration of 7 s to achieve desirable fat liquefaction while keeping the complete structure of skin tissue as well as esthetic‐related beneficial effects of hair removal and skin rejuvenation.

Conclusion

Excellent lipolysis effect can be achieved via R134a multipulsed spray cooling assisted high‐dosage 1210 nm laser irradiation with reasonably matched laser and cooling parameters. The protocol is as follows: Start MP‐CSC for one cycle, and then fire the laser with specific power and duration, while keeping MP‐CSC accordingly. This new protocol may promote the safe and effective clinical implement of transcutaneous laser lipolysis in body contouring.
Impact of microwave thermolysis energy levels on patient‐reported outcomes for axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis
Authors: Grove G. L. , Togsverd‐Bo K. , Schwensen J. F. B. , Andersson N. W. , Nissen C. V. , Zachariae C. , Haedersdal M.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Microwave thermolysis (MWT) is an emerging treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis reducing both sweat and odor. No prior studies have investigated and compared the different available energy settings of the MWT device. This study evaluated patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) for axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis following MWT treatment with two different energy levels.

Methods

Twenty adults with axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis reported sweat on Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity scale (HDSS: 1–4) and odor on Odor scale (OS: 1–10), respectively, supplemented by overall Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI: 0–30). This was a prospective, randomized, patient‐blinded and intraindividually controlled study with 3 months follow‐up (FU). Randomization comprised MWT treatment of one axilla with a standard medium energy setting (energy level 3) and the contralateral axilla with a standard high energy setting (energy level 5).

Results

At baseline, patients reported substantial sweat and odor, negatively affecting their quality of life. At 3 months FU, PROMs showed improved quality of life with significantly reduced odor and sweat. Overall DLQI was reduced from a median of 10 to 4, with a median 6.5‐point reduction (p = 0.0002). HDSS was reduced from a median of 4 to 2 on both sides, with a median reduction of 1 for medium energy level and 2 points for high energy level (p = 0.014). OS was reduced from a median of 8 to 3 for both energy levels, with a median reduction of 3.5 and 4.5 points for the medium and high energy level, respectively (p = 0.017). Local skin reactions were mild and transient, but slightly more pronounced following treatment with the high energy level.

Conclusion

MWT effectively improved patients’ quality of life, axillary sweat, and odor 3 months after on baseline treatment. Treatment with the high energy level presented a subtle but significant increase of efficacy based on PROMs for both sweat and odor. Patients were willing to accept a higher amount of temporary local skin reactions from a higher energy setting when experiencing greater odor and sweat reduction.
Photoinitiation Mechanism and Ability of Thioxanthone‐Based Versatile Visible Photoinitiators
Authors: Wu Qingqing , Guo Jingdong , Song Kunpeng , Xu Shansheng , Li Fushao , Deng Mingsen
Published: October 2022

The development of visible photoinitiating systems is attracting increasing attention due to their great applications in various fields. Three thioxanthone (TX) derivatives differing by their substituent groups are investigated as photoinitiators (PIs) for visible photopolymerization. They can be used as one‐component PIs to initiate free radical polymerization. Furthermore, a two‐component system with an iodonium can initiate cationic polymerization and hybrid polymerization and could make interpenetrating polymer networks synthesis. The high efficiency of these systems is found as being worthwhile for photocomposites preparations. Moreover, the mechanism of these TX derivatives is clarified using computational quantum chemistry, fluorescence quenching, steady‐state photolysis, cyclic voltammetry, and electron spin resonance spin‐trapping techniques.
Indirect stability of a multidimensional coupled wave equations with one locally boundary fractional damping*
Authors: Akil Mohammad , Wehbe Ali
Published: October 2022

In this work, we consider a system of multidimensional wave equations coupled by velocities with one localized fractional boundary damping. First, using a general criteria of Arendt–Batty, by assuming that the boundary control region satisfy some geometric conditions, under the equality speed propagation and the coupling parameter of the two equations is small enough, we show the strong stability of our system in the absence of the compactness of the resolvent. Our system is not uniformly stable, in general, since it is the case of the interval. Hence, we look for a polynomial decay rate for smooth initial data for our system by applying a frequency domain approach combining with a multiplier method. Indeed, by assuming that the boundary control region satisfy some geometric conditions, the waves propagate with equal speed, and the coupling parameter term is small enough, we establish a polynomial energy decay rate for smooth solutions, which depends on the order of the fractional derivative.
Heterochiral dipeptide d‐phenylalanyl‐l‐phenylalanine (H‐DPhe‐LPhe‐OH) as a potential inducer of metastatic suppressor NM23H1 in p53 wild‐type and mutant cells
Authors: Faheem Mir Mohd , Rahim Junaid Ur , Ahmad Syed Mudabir , Mir Khalid Bashir , Kaur Gursimar , Bhagat Madhulika , Rai Rajkishor , Goswami Anindya
Published: October 2022

In recent years, significant progress has been made to the use‐case of small peptides because of their diversified edifice and hence their versatile application scope in cancer therapy. Here we identify the heterochiral dipeptide H‐DPhe‐LPhe‐OH (F1) as a potent inducer of the metastatic suppressor NM23H1. We divulge the effect of F1 on the major EMT/metastasis‐associated genes and the implications on the invasion and migration ability of cancer cells. The anti‐invasive potential of F1 was directly correlated with NM23H1 expression. Mechanistically, F1 treatment elevated p53 levels as validated by localization and transcriptional studies. In the NM23H1 knockdown condition, F1 failed to induce any p53 expression/nuclear localization, indicating that the upregulation in p53 expression by F1 is NM23H1 dependent. We also demonstrate how the antimetastatic potential of F1 is primarily mediated through NM23H1 irrespective of the p53 status of the cell. However, both NM23H1 and a functional p53 protein in conjunction govern the apoptotic and cytostatic potential of F1. Coimmunoprecipitation studies unraveled the augmentation of the p53 and NM23H1 interaction in p53 wild‐type cells. However, in p53 mutated cells, no such enrichment was evidenced. We employed mouse isogenic cell lines (4T‐1 and 4T‐1 p53) to determine the in vivo efficacy of F1 (spontaneous and experimental models). Decreased tumor volume in the cohort injected with 4T‐1 p53 cells demonstrated that while the antimetastatic potential of F1 was reliant on NM23H1, p53 activation was required for ablation of primary tumor burden. Our findings unravel that F1 treatment induces significant abrogation of the migration, invasion and metastatic potential of both p53 wild‐type and p53 deficient cancers mediated through NM23H1.
Effects of Altered Stock Assessment Frequency on the Management of a Large Coastal Shark
Authors: Peterson Cassidy D. , Wilberg Michael J. , Cortés Enric , Courtney Dean L. , Latour Robert J.
Published: October 2022

Stock assessments are particularly resource intensive processes. Demand for assessments typically exceeds capacity, stimulating interest in reducing stock assessment frequency for suitable species. Species with slow population growth rates, low economic importance, and low recruitment variability, like coastal sharks in the USA, have been identified as appropriate candidates for long interim assessment periods. We conducted a Stock Synthesis–based management strategy evaluation with a threshold harvest rate control rule within the southeastern USA to assess the impact of stock assessment frequency for the slow growing Sandbar Shark Carcharhinus plumbeus. Stock assessments for the Sandbar Shark in the southeastern USA have been conducted or updated every 4–6 years since 1998. The Sandbar Shark proved to be a particularly good candidate species for reduced assessment frequency, as noted by unaffected management procedure performance across interim periods of 1, 5, and 10 years. Management objectives, including probability of stock recovery, relative biomass level, cumulative U.S. commercial catch, and probability of overfishing, were minimally adversely impacted with interim periods equal to 15 years. Based on our findings, assessment frequency for large coastal shark species could reasonably be reduced in the future to once every 10 or more years without compromising management success.