bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Educational Animated Videos by Kidney Transplant Seekers and Social Network Members in a Randomized Trial (KidneyTIME)
Authors: Kayler Liise K. , Nie Jing , Solbu Anne , Keller Maria , Handmacher Matthew
Published: January 2025

Animated video could improve the reach of health education to kidney transplant (KT) seekers and their social network. Usage outcomes are rarely considered. This exploratory study aims to investigate use patterns of an animated video-based intervention (KidneyTIME) and examined associations with patient characteristics. Descriptive, quantitative analyses were conducted on user data (April 2022–March 2024) of KT-seekers allocated to the intervention arm of an ongoing randomized controlled trial of KidneyTIME. Of 195 KT-seekers allocated to KidneyTIME, optional use (defined as ≥1 video view or share) was 74% at 6 months follow-up and significantly higher among patients in the pre-evaluation phase (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.63, p = 0.0051) and with an active Facebook account (OR 2.93, p = 0036). Higher total video viewings were associated with single adult household (p = 0.0496). Not employed participants viewed more different videos (p = 0.0168). More days of viewing was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with older age, worse health, not employed, and single adult household. Video sharing was significantly associated with social media use (OR 2.86, p = 0.0264), active Facebook account (OR 2.55, p = 0.0411), and lower health literacy score (OR 2.80, p = 0.0274) and inversely associated with lower social support score (OR 0.35, p = 0098) and male sex (OR 0.48, p = 0.0394). Web-based animated video education promoted through email or text links is a viable modality to reach diverse KT-seekers.
Geographic Information System and Multivariate Analysis Approach for Mapping Soil Contamination and Environmental Risk Assessment in Arid Regions
Authors: El-Sorogy Abdelbaset S. , Al-Kahtany Khaled , Alharbi Talal , Al Hawas Rakan , Rikan Naji
Published: January 2025

Heavy metal contamination in soil is a global issue threatening human health and ecosystems. Accurate spatial maps of heavy metals (HMs) are vital to mitigating the adverse effects on the ecosystem. This study utilizes GIS and multivariate analysis to evaluate HMs in agricultural soils from Al Ghat Governorate, Saudi Arabia, analyzing Al, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn using ICP-AES in 35 soil samples. Methods included contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), risk index (RI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), soil quality guidelines (SQGs), and multivariate analysis. The soils, characterized by sandy texture, low organic matter, and alkalinity due to arid conditions and high calcium carbonate, had the following HM concentrations (mg/kg) in descending order: Fe (11,480) ˃ Al (7786) ˃ Mn (278) ˃ Zn (72.37) ˃ Ni (28.66) ˃ V (21.80) ˃ Cr (19.89) ˃ Co (19.00) ˃ Cu (12.46) ˃ Pb (5.46) ˃ As (2.69). EF, CF, and Igeo suggest natural sources for most HMs, predominantly from the sedimentary sequence, with localized Zn, Pb, Co, Mn, and Cu enrichment linked to mixed natural and agricultural influences. PLI and RI indicated acceptable contamination levels, posing no ecological risk. All samples fell below SQG thresholds for As, Cu, Pb, and Cr, confirming minimal ecological threat. Statistical analysis highlighted sedimentary cover as the primary HM source, with agricultural activities contributing to Co, Cu, Ni, and Pb levels.
Assessment of Ecological Recovery Potential of Various Plants in Soil Contaminated by Multiple Metal(loid)s at Various Sites near XiKuangShan Mine
Authors: Zhu Yanming , Yang Jigang , Zhang Jiajia , Tong Yiran , Su Hailan , Rensing Christopher , Feng Renwei , Zheng Shunan
Published: January 2025

Soil metal(loid) pollution is a threat to ecological and environmental safety. The vegetation recovery in mining areas is of great significance for protecting soil resources. In this study, (1) we first gathered four types of soils to analyse their contamination degree, including tailings mud (TM), wasteland soil (TS) very near TM, as well as non-rhizosphere soils of pepper (PF) and maize (MF) in a farmland downstream from the TM (about 5 km). Geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk indices indicated that the soil samples were mainly polluted by antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) to different degrees. Leachates of TM resulted in increased Sb, As, and Cd accumulation in TS. (2) Then, we sampled six local plants growing in the TS to assess the possibilities of using these plants as recovery vegetation in TS, of which Persicaria maackiana (Regel) Nakai ex T. Mori absorbed relatively high Sb concentrations in the leaves and roots. (3) After that, we collected rhizosphere soil and tissue samples from eight crops on the above farmland to assess their capacities as recovering vegetation of contaminated farmland soil, of which the fruits of maize accumulated the lowest concentrations of most monitored metal(loid)s (except for Pb). Further, we compared the differences in the bacterial community structure of MF, PF, TM, and TS to assess capacities of cultivating pepper and maize to improve soil microbial community structure. The MF displayed the best characteristics regarding the following attributes: (1) the highest concentrations of OMs and total P; (2) the highest OTU numbers and diversity of bacteria; and (3) the lowest abundance of bacteria with potentially pathogenic and stress-tolerant phenotypes.
Social Relevance of Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Green Infrastructures: A Mixed Qualitative–Quantitative Case Study Approach
Authors: Baldessari Sofia , De Meo Isabella , Cantiani Maria Giulia , Paletto Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Urban green infrastructures (UGIs) are important elements of the urban matrix providing ecological functions and several ecosystem services beneficial to citizens. Recently, their contribution to the well-being and quality of life of citizens has been widely recognized by both the scientific community and policymakers. This study aims to explore the social relevance of UGI ecosystem services through a mixed qualitative–quantitative case study approach. First, a quantitative literature review was conducted using bibliometric network analysis, followed by a participatory process through a Scientific Café with a sample of Italian stakeholders involved in the UGIs’ planning and management. The bibliometric network analysis identified 443 documents (from 2000 to 2024) primarily focused on three ecosystem services provided by UGIs—climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and cultural services, such as health benefits, aesthetic, and recreation. The qualitative results of Scientific Café highlight a particular interest of stakeholders in cultural services such as physical and mental benefits provided by UGIs, as well as improving the urban aesthetic value. Additionally, the role of UGIs in microclimate regulation and heat mitigation was emphasized. The combined analysis of perspectives from the scientific community, policy-makers, stakeholders, and citizens provides a foundation for developing a participatory governance approach to UGIs.
The Value of a Modified Posterior Thigh Flap with Z-Plasty for Reconstruction of Ischial Tuberosity Pressure Ulcers: A Retrospective Single Center Analysis
Authors: Stumpfe Maximilian C. , Horch Raymund E. , Müller-Seubert Wibke
Published: January 2025

Pressure ulcers are a persistent and growing challenge in modern medicine, with prevalence rates ranging from 3.4% to 32.4% globally. Demographic changes suggest an increasing number of patients at risk, emphasizing the need for effective prevention and advanced treatment strategies. These ulcers, particularly stages III and IV, often require surgical intervention due to severe tissue damage. Among the surgical options, the Posterior Thigh Flap has emerged as a reliable fasciocutaneous flap, frequently referred to as a “work-horse flap”, for defect coverage in the ischial region. To improve outcomes and minimize recurrences in weight-bearing areas, our clinic combined this flap technique with a Z-plasty modification to achieve redistribution of scar tissue to reduce localized pressure. In this retrospective study, six patients with seven ischial pressure ulcers were treated between 2003 and 2024 using this approach. Following debridement and wound conditioning with negative pressure therapy, defect coverage was performed. The results show clinically acceptable complication rates (42.9%) and a low recurrence rate (14.3%), with recurrences occurring no earlier than 12 months post-treatment. The Z-plasty effectively shifted scar zones away from high-pressure areas, reducing tension and recurrence risk. This study highlights the potential benefits of combining fasciocutaneous flaps with scar management techniques to improve long-term outcomes for ischial pressure ulcers and provides an innovative approach to treating ischial pressure ulcers.
A Comparative Study of the Biological Properties of Eugenia uniflora L. Fruits and Leaves Related to the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Gonçalves Jéssica , Hontman Nance , Perestrelo Rosa , Câmara José S.
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death globally, emphasizing the need for effective preventive strategies. Plant-based foods, rich in phytochemicals, offer a promising potential in CVD prevention. This study investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive properties of two Eugenia uniflora L. varieties (orange and purple pitanga) and their leaves. Their antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity assays, while their antihypertensive activity was evaluated through angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Their anti-inflammatory potential was determined via protein denaturation inhibition. Both fruit varieties exhibited similar bioactivities, with the purple variety showing a slightly higher activity, except in the DPPH and ABTS assays. The leaves consistently demonstrated the lowest activities across all assays. Free polyphenols, dominated by gallic acid, were quantified using µ-QuEChERS followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-PDA). The orange variety contained the highest concentration of gallic acid (13.1 mg/100 g DW). These findings highlight the potential of Eugenia uniflora L. extracts as natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive agents, suggesting their value in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications for promoting human health and preventing CVDs.
Surface Integrity and Machining Mechanism of Al 7050 Induced by Multi-Physical Field Coupling in High-Speed Machining
Authors: Lu Wei , Ni Chenbing , Wang Youqiang , Zong Chengguo , Liu Dejian , Huang Xingbao
Published: January 2025

Improving the surface quality and controlling the microstructure evolution of difficult-to-cut materials are always challenges in high-speed machining (HSM). In this paper, surface topography, defects and roughness are assessed to characterize the surface features of 7050 aluminum alloy (Al 7050) under HSM conditions characterized by high temperature, strain and strain rate. Based on multi-physical field coupling, the mechanism of microstructure evolution of Al 7050 is investigated in HSM. The results indicate that the surface morphology and roughness of Al7050 during HSM are optimal at fz = 0.025 mm/z, and the formation of surface defects (adherent chips, cavities, microcracks, material compression and tearing) in HSM is mainly affected by thermo-mechanical coupling. Significant differences are observed in the microstructure of different machined subsurfaces by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technology, and high cutting speeds and high feed rates contributed to recrystallization. The crystallographic texture types on machined subsurface are mainly {110}<112> Brass texture, {001}<100> Cube texture, {123}<634> S texture and {124}<112> R texture, and the crystallographic texture type and intensity are significantly affected by multi-physical field coupling. The elastic–plastic deformation and microstructural evolution of Al7050 alloy during the HSM process are mainly influenced by the coupling effects of multiple physical fields (stress–strain field and thermo-mechanical coupling field). This study reveals the internal mechanism of multi-physical field coupling in HSM and provides valuable enlightenment for the control of microstructure evolution of difficult-to-cut materials in HSM.
System Identification of a Servo-Valve Controlled Hydraulic Cylinder Operating Under Variable Load
Authors: Stroita Daniel Catalin , Bordeasu Dorin , Dragan Florin
Published: January 2025

This work presents an in-depth study on the system identification of a servo-valve controlled hydraulic cylinder operating under variable load. This research addresses the growing demand for improved control systems (enhancing time response, settling time, and precision) in variable load hydraulic actuators, such as those used in blade pitching systems of wind turbines. The paper begins by detailing the experimental setup, followed by the development of the system’s mathematical model, a fourth-order transfer function (TF). The experimental data collected by a proposed data acquisition system are used for the dynamic identification of the hydraulic setup using periodical signals as commands. All possible combinations of TFs up to order 8 are identified. After an initial visual preselection of the 15 most accurate ones, analyses comparing quality indicators between the measured (experimental) and the TF (simulated) step and sinusoidal responses are conducted to determine the most accurate TF. The paper concludes with the presentation and analysis of the dynamic model, identified as being a fourth-order TF, which replicates the system dynamics with the greatest fidelity. It provides an identification methodology with significant potential for industry practitioners aiming to improve, optimize, and enhance control strategies for variable load hydraulic actuators.
A Generalized Autonomous Power Plant Fault Detection Model Using Deep Feature Extraction and Ensemble Machine Learning
Authors: Khalid Salman , Azad Muhammad Muzammil , Kim Heung Soo
Published: January 2025

Ensuring operational reliability and efficiency in steam power plants requires advanced and generalized fault detection methodologies capable of addressing diverse fault scenarios in boiler and turbine systems. This study presents an autonomous fault detection framework that integrates deep feature extraction through Convolutional Autoencoders (CAEs) with the ensemble machine learning technique, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). CAEs autonomously extract meaningful and nonlinear features from raw sensor data, eliminating the need for manual feature engineering. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed for dimensionality reduction, enhancing computational efficiency while retaining critical fault-related information. The refined features are then classified using XGBoost, a robust ensemble learning algorithm, ensuring accurate fault detection. The proposed model is validated through real-world case studies on boiler waterwall tube leakage and motor-driven oil pump failure in steam turbines. Results demonstrate the framework’s ability to generalize across diverse fault types, detect anomalies at an early stage, and minimize operational downtime. This study highlights the transformative potential of combining deep feature extraction and ensemble machine learning for scalable, reliable, and efficient fault detection in power plant operations.
Factors Associated with the Quality of Life and Needs of Hemodialysis Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Basis for Improved Care
Authors: Alqalah Talal Ali Hussein , Alrubaiee Gamil Ghaleb , Alkubati Sameer Abdulmalik
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: End-stage renal disease threatens individuals’ quality of life (QoL) and has a substantial influence on their daily lives. While several studies have explored the QoL of hemodialysis patients, none have comprehensively examined the relationship between patient QoL and their specific needs as well as the factors that predict these outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the intricate relationship and predictive factors between QoL and the needs of hemodialysis patients, serving as a foundational step toward enhancing their care. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 222 patients undergoing hemodialysis for ESRD between January and March 2023. Data were gathered through structured interviews utilizing the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, and questionnaires were needed. To assess intergroup differences, t-tests and ANOVA were employed, while multiple linear regression and correlation coefficients were used to unveil predictive associations. Results: Our findings revealed that the majority of patients interviewed expressed satisfaction with their health and reported high QoL. Predictors of higher QoL included being under 60 years of age, married, strong familial support, and a body mass index < 30 kg/m2. Conversely, living alone has emerged as a predictor of diminished QoL. Moreover, middle-aged patients who were married and had a normal BMI were identified as having lower needs. Conclusions: A discernible association was observed between higher QoL and reduced need among hemodialysis patients. This study offers valuable insights into the multifaceted factors influencing the QoL and needs of these patients, offering guidance for enhancing patient care and ultimately improving their overall QoL.
Effect of Nb Alloying and Solution Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Cold-Rolled Fe-Mn-Al-C Low-Density Steel
Authors: Huo Litu , Gao Jianxin , Li Yungang , Xu Pengfei , Wei Xiangyu , Ma Tao
Published: January 2025

The automotive industry’s rapid expansion has made the development of lightweight, high-strength automotive steels essential for both energy efficiency and emission reduction. Among these materials, Fe-Mn-Al-C steel has drawn considerable interest due to its favorable combination of low density and high strength. This research examines the impact of Nb alloying (with Nb content of 0% and 0.5%) and solution treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled Fe-28Mn-10Al-C low-density steel. Various methods were employed, including Thermo-Calc thermodynamic simulations, the Olson–Cohen model, X-ray diffraction (XRD), metallographic microscopy, room-temperature tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings demonstrate that Nb alloying significantly refines the austenite grain structure of the Fe-28Mn-10Al-C steel, improving both strength and ductility in comparison to the 0Nb steel. After solution treatment at 1050 °C for 30 min, the cold-rolling-induced defects are effectively removed, leading to a substantial increase in elongation at fracture (38.14–44.45%) and an ultimate tensile strength exceeding 900 MPa. As the solution treatment temperature increases, the austenite grains coarsen, and the number of twins increases, while yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decrease. However, there is a notable enhancement in ductility, with the material exhibiting a ductile fracture mechanism. These results offer valuable insights and a theoretical foundation for further improving the mechanical properties of Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steels.
Development of a Tool for Verifying Leakage Detection in Microfluidic Systems
Authors: Bozorgnezhad Ali , Herbertson Luke , Guha Suvajyoti
Published: January 2025

While submissions of microfluidic-based medical devices to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have increased in recent years, leakage remains a common but difficult failure mode to detect in microfluidic systems. Here, we have developed a sensitive tool to measure and verify leakages ranging from 0.1% to 10% in leakage detection systems, which can then be used to detect leak in microfluidic devices. Our methodology includes an analytical model that applies hydrodynamic resistance using different fluid-contacting elements (e.g., tubing, junctions, and connectors) to tune the leakage rate based on the application-specific acceptance criteria. We then used three polymer-based microfluidic systems to target leakage rates of approximately 0.1, 1.0, and 10%. The experimental uncertainties in Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) tubing were 23.08%, 13.64%, and 1.16%, respectively, while the PEEK-Coated Fused Silica (PEEKsil) tubing system had errors of 0.00%, 0.72%, and 1.59%, respectively, relative to the theoretical values for the same target leak rates. The commonly used commercial grade Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) microfluidic chips produced errors of 7.69% and 5.05%, respectively, for target leakage rates of 0.24% and 1.88%. We anticipate that the proposed bench test method can be useful for device developers as a verification tool for leakage detection systems before assessing flow-mediated leakage failure modes in microfluidic medical devices.
Different Symbiotic Species of Armillaria Affect the Yield and Active Compound Contents of Polyporus umbellatus
Authors: Liu Liu , Xing Yongmei , Li Shoujian , Zhou Lisi , Li Bing , Guo Shunxing
Published: January 2025

Polyporus umbellatus is a medicinal fungus primarily used for diuresis, with its sclerotium serving as the medicinal component. The growth and development of sclerotia are reliant on a symbiotic relationship with Armillaria. However, the impact of different Armillaria species on the yield and quality of sclerotia remains unclear. In this study, three Armillaria strains, A35, A541, and A19, were identified through TEF-1α sequence analysis and phylogenetic classification. These strains were classified into three distinct species: A35 as A. ostoyae, A541 as A. gallica, while the taxonomic status of A19 remains unresolved. After four years of co-cultivation with these Armillaria strains, three groups of P. umbellatus sclerotia were harvested and labeled as A35-P, A541-P, and A19-P, respectively. The yields of A35-P, A541-P, and A19-P exhibited significant variations, with A541-P achieving the highest yield (1221 ± 258 g·nest−1), followed by A35-P (979 ± 201 g·nest−1), and A19-P yielding the least (591 ± 54 g·nest−1). HPLC revealed significant differences in the levels of polyporusterone A and polyporusterone B among the groups. The total polysaccharide content, determined via the phenol-sulfuric acid method, also varied significantly, with A541-P recording the highest content (0.897 ± 0.042%), followed by A19-P (0.686 ± 0.058%), and A35-P showing the lowest value (0.511 ± 0.083%). PCA based on these data indicated clear distinctions among A35-P, A541-P, and A19-P, with the three groups forming separate clusters. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the effects of three different Armillaria species on the yield and active compound content of P. umbellatus. These findings provide valuable insights for selecting high-quality Armillaria strains and offer guidance for the artificial cultivation of P. umbellatus.
Experimental Study on the Thickening Characteristics of Ultrafine Tailings
Authors: Wang Jiandong , Du Zhaolong , Liu Xiaohui , Wu Aixiang
Published: January 2025

To investigate the thickening characteristics of ultrafine tailings and the relationship between bed height and underflow concentration, a series of experiments, including graduated cylinder sedimentation tests, small-scale dynamic thickening, and semi-industrial experiments, were conducted. The results show that adding flocculants accelerates settling velocity, with a significant change occurring at 50 g/t when the bridging effect weakens. Solid flux increases initially with feed concentration but decreases after reaching a peak at 8%, where the maximum solid flux is 0.322 t·m−2·h−1. Reducing solid flux, lowering flocculant dosage, and increasing bed height all contribute to higher underflow concentration, while reducing solid flux and increasing flocculant dosage lowers overflow turbidity. The variation in underflow concentration in the deep cone thickener (DCT) occurs in three phases: continuous feeding with no discharge, dynamic equilibrium with a stable bed height, and bed descent with increasing underflow discharge. At the same bed height, underflow concentration is lower during the bed descent phase compared to the continuous feeding phase. This study offers valuable insights for the precise control of underflow concentration in ultrafine tailing thickening processes.
Relationship Between Thermodynamic Modeling and Experimental Process for Optimization Ferro-Nickel Smelting
Authors: Urtnasan Erdenebold , Heo Seong-Bong , Yu Joo-Won , Jung Chang-Ho , Wang Jei-Pil
Published: January 2025

Saprolite ores in nickel laterite deposits are pyrometallurgically processed to produce Fe-Ni alloy and Ni matte. The key to achieving the highest recovery degrees from nickel ore in electric arc furnaces and producing top-quality ferro-nickel alloys lies in maintaining optimal carbon consumption and carefully controlling the composition of the slag. This research work focused on finding the optimal smelting procedure for extracting ferro-nickel from calcined nickel ore. Comparing experimental data to the results of thermodynamic modeling using Factsage 8.2 software was a key part of the study. The nickel smelting process, which involved a carbon consumption of 4 wt.%, resulted in ferro-nickel with an Fe/Ni ratio of 4.89 and slag with a nickel content of just 0.017%. The structure and properties of nickel slag in the MgO-SiO2-FeO system were investigated by observing the changes in the MgO/SiO2 ratio. This study found a significant nickel recovery degree of 95.6% within the optimal M/S ratio range of 0.65 to 0.7. When the M/S ratio exceeds 0.7, iron-rich magnesium silicates (MgxFeySiO2+n) are generated within the slag. These compounds are released downwards due to their higher specific weight, restricting the movement of small metal particles and contributing to increased metal loss through the slag. Optimized slags could revolutionize smelting, increasing metal recovery while minimizing environmental impact.
Ultrasound-Assisted and Citric Acid-Guided Creation of ZnO Nanoparticles with Optimized Morphologies to Boost Malachite Green Photocatalysis
Authors: Lei Xianlu , Li Shuang , Zeng Jian , Huang Meiqi , Ma Miaomiao , Ran Xueyan , Chen Xiang , Yin Yuting , Sun Qi , Le Tao
Published: January 2025

Zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconductors are renowned for their cost-effective synthesis and superior catalytic attributes, making them prominent in environmental remediation applications. This study presents the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with distinct morphologies, achieved by modulating citric acid concentrations in an ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal process. The photocatalytic efficacy of these ZnO NPs in degrading malachite green (MG), a persistent environmental pollutant, was thoroughly investigated. Our findings reveal a strong correlation between the morphological features of ZnO catalysts and their photodegradation performance. Among the synthesized NPs, the chrysanthemum-shaped ZnO (denoted as USZ-0.1) demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic activity, attributed to its enhanced surface area and optimized nano-crystal aggregation. This structure facilitated the generation of a higher concentration of reactive oxygen species, leading to over 96.5% degradation of MG within 40 min under simulated sunlight in an acidic medium. This study underscores the potential of morphological manipulation in enhancing the photocatalytic properties of ZnO NPs for environmental applications.
Comparative Analysis of Metabolites of Wild and Cultivated Notopterygium incisum from Different Origins and Evaluation of Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Kong Fukang , Kou Yannan , Zhang Xu , Tian Yue , Yang Bin , Wang Weihao
Published: January 2025

The dried rhizome of Notopterygium incisum (NI) from the Umbelliferae family, genuinely produced in Sichuan, China, is a classic traditional Chinese medicinal herb for treating wind-dampness arthralgia. Due to scarce natural resources, wild NI is gradually being replaced by cultivated types. However, knowledge is limited regarding the differences in chemical composition and pharmacological effects between wild and cultivated NI and between Sichuan-grown and other-region-grown NI. In this study, a plant metabolomics strategy, based on GC–MS and UHPLC-Orbitrap MS, was employed to compare metabolic profiles between wild and cultivated NI and between cultivated NI from Sichuan and cultivated NI from Gansu and Qinghai. In total, 195 metabolites were identified, and the biosynthetic pathways of coumarins and phenolic acids, which were the most abundant secondary metabolites in NI, were summarized. Additionally, seven key metabolic intermediates were uncovered, revealing the reasons for the differences in metabolic profiles between wild and cultivated NI. The anti-inflammatory effect of wild and cultivated NI was verified by inflammatory gene expression and neutrophil count using a zebrafish yolk sac inflammation model. Overall, this study presents information on the types and synthesis of pharmacodynamic substances in NI and provides a basis for its cultivation and applications.
Rapid Detection of Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) with Lateral Flow Aptasensor
Authors: Ma Meijing , Zhang Min , Wang Jiahui , Zhou Yurui , Zhang Xueji , Liu Guodong
Published: January 2025

We present a lateral flow aptasensor for the visual detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in human serum. Leveraging the precise molecular recognition capabilities of aptamers and the distinct optical features of gold nanoparticles, a model system utilizing AFP as the target analyte, along with a pair of aptamer probes, is implemented to establish proof-of-concept on standard lateral flow test strips. It is the first report of an antibody-free lateral flow assay using aptamers as recognition probes for the detection of AFP. The analysis circumvents the numerous incubation and washing steps that are typically involved in most current aptamer-based protein assays. Qualitative analysis involves observing color changes in the test area, while quantitative data are obtained by measuring the optical response in the test zone using a portable strip reader. The biosensor exhibits a linear detection range for AFP concentrations between 10 and 100 ng/mL, with a minimum detection limit of 10 ng/mL. Additionally, it has been successfully applied to detect AFP in human serum samples. The use of aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticle probes in a lateral flow assay offers great promise for point-of-care applications and fast, on-site detection.
Fabrication and Optimization of Additively Manufactured Hybrid Nanogenerators for Wearable Devices
Authors: Eltoukhy Khaled A. , Aly Mohamed Fawzy , Sarquella Marc , Langreo Concepción , Serry Mohamed
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to fabricate a hybrid piezoelectric/triboelectric nanogenerator via fusion deposition modeling as a proof of concept in the wearable device industry. The nanogenerator structure consists of a TPU/ZnO nanocomposite and an Ecoflex layer. The nanocomposite layer is fabricated using two different weight percentages (15 wt% and 20 wt%) and poled piezoelectric sheets, generating 2.63 V to 3.46 V. Variations regarding the nanogenerator’s physical parameters were implemented to examine the effect on nanogenerator performance under different frequencies. The hybrid nanogenerator enabled energy harvesting for wearable devices. It was strapped on the side of the wrist to generate a potential difference with the motion of the wrist, creating a contact separation piezoelectric/triboelectric nanogenerator. Furthermore, a piezoelectric sheet was placed at the bottom of the wrist to harvest energy. The hybrid nanogenerator provided a maximum triboelectric response of 5.75 V and a maximum piezoelectric response of 2.85 V during wrist motion. The piezoelectric nanogenerator placed at the bottom of the wrist generated up to 4.78 V per wrist motion.
Associations Between Dietary Factors and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Evidence from the MENA Region
Authors: Lamchabbek Najoua , Elattabi Chaimaa , Bour Abdellatif , Chimera Bernadette , Boutayeb Saber , Belyamani Lahcen , Faure Elodie , Huybrechts Inge , Khalis Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Background: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is witnessing a continuous rise in the incidence of breast cancer (BC). This region is characterized by distinct cultural and lifestyle habits. Despite the importance of diet as a modifiable risk factor for BC, its role in the development of BC within the MENA context has not been extensively studied. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize existing evidence regarding the effect of different dietary factors on BC risk among women from this region. Methods: We systematically reviewed the scientific literature for observational studies that examined the association between specific dietary factors and the risk of BC in MENA, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Our comprehensive search included databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, identified a total of 18,085 records, of which 65 met our inclusion criteria and were assessed for quality using the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool. Results: The findings of the 65 included studies were categorized into food groups, nutrients, and dietary patterns. Studies in the MENA region have consistently shown that the consumption of fruit and vegetables, fish and seafood, and black tea are associated with a reduced BC risk. In contrast, the intake of milk and white bread is linked to an increased risk. Specific dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, a healthy plant-based diet, dietary antioxidant index, and overall healthy dietary patterns have shown a negative association with BC risk. Conversely, the dietary insulin index and load, dietary glycemic index, dietary inflammatory index, and unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with an increased risk of BC. For the remaining dietary factors, research was too limited or inconsistent to draw conclusions. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the significant role of dietary factors in modulating BC risk among women in the MENA region, an area that faces a notable gap in research on this topic. Further studies are essential to deepen our understanding and develop targeted dietary recommendations for BC prevention in this population.
Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance Among Isolates of Klebsiella spp. and Raoultella spp. in Wildlife and Their Environment from Portugal: A Positive Epidemiologic Outcome
Authors: Sabença Carolina , de la Rivière Rani , Barros Paulo , Cabral João Alexandre , Sargo Roberto , Sousa Luís , Dapkevicius Maria de Lurdes Enes , Silva Filipe , Lopes Filipa , Abrantes Ana Carolina , Vieira-Pinto Madalena , Caniça Manuela , Igrejas Gilberto , Torres Carmen , Poeta Patrícia
Published: January 2025

One of the significant challenges facing modern medicine is the rising rate of antibiotic resistance, which impacts public health, animal health, and environmental preservation. Evaluating antibiotic resistance in wildlife and their environments is crucial, as it offers essential insights into the dynamics of resistance patterns and promotes strategies for monitoring, prevention, and intervention. Klebsiella and Raoultella genera isolates were recovered from fecal samples of wild animals and environmental samples using media without antibiotic supplementation. Antibiograms were performed for 15 antibiotics to determine the phenotypic resistance profile in these isolates. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was tested by the double-disc synergy test, and one ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolate was screened by PCR and whole-genome sequencing. Biofilm production was analyzed using the microtiter plate method. A total of 23 Klebsiella spp. and 3 Raoultella spp. isolates were obtained from 312 fecal samples from wild animals, 9 Klebsiella spp. and 4 Raoultella spp. isolates were obtained from 18 river and stream water samples, and 4 Klebsiella spp. and 3 Raoultella spp. isolates from 48 soil samples. Regarding antibiotic resistance, only one isolate of K. pneumoniae from soil samples was an ESBL-producer and showed resistance to six antibiotics. This isolate harbored multiple β-lactams genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, blaSHV-28, and blaOXA-1), as well as genes of resistance to quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol, and belonged to the lineage ST307. Most of the Klebsiella spp. and Raoultella spp. isolates were biofilm producers (except for one Klebsiella isolate), and 45.6% were weak biofilm producers, with the remaining being moderate to strong biofilm producers. We can conclude that antibiotic resistance is not widespread in these environment-associated isolates, which is a positive epidemiological outcome. However, identifying a single ESBL-K. pneumoniae isolate should serve as a warning of potential hotspots of resistance emergence.
Danggui Beimu Kushen Pill Alleviates Colitis-Induced Inflammation in Mice by Regulating the IL-6/IL-6R and IL-17A/IL-17RA Signaling Pathways
Authors: Gong Shuo , Xu Ran , Wang Yuqing , Mao Shangling , Zhang Yi , Bu Qingru , Yang Ruotong , Wang Tianming , Yang Yue
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Danggui Beimu Kushen pill (DBK) is a traditional Chinese medicine renowned for its efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. It has been used in the modern clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Further research is required to clarify its underlying mechanisms. Methods: DBK compounds were analyzed using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A mouse model of Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC was used to assess the efficacy of DBK. Network pharmacology identified DBK targets in UC, which were validated by molecular docking simulations. Cytokine levels were quantified using ELISA. Western blotting, immunofluorescence (IF), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed to explore its underlying molecular mechanisms. Results: DBK treatment enhanced body weight and colon length in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and IL-17A) were notably decreased in both serum and colon tissues. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses identified the IL-6/IL-6R and IL-17A/IL-17RA signaling pathways as crucial for the DBK treatment of UC. Additional validation using WB, IHC, and IF analyses demonstrated that DBK alleviated UC by suppressing the IL-6/STAT3 and IL-17/TRAF6/NF-κB pathways. Conclusions: DBK mitigates intestinal injury in mice with DSS-induced colitis and exerts therapeutic effects on UC by inhibiting the IL-6/IL-6R and IL-17A/IL-17RA signaling pathways to reduce inflammation. These findings provide significant insights into the mechanism of DBK treatment for UC.
Exploring E-Vape Aerosol Penetration into Paranasal Sinuses: Insights from Patient-Specific Models
Authors: Seifelnasr Amr , Zare Farhad , Si Xiuhua , Xi Jinxiang
Published: January 2025

Background: Acute and chronic sinusitis significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Effective drug delivery to paranasal sinuses is crucial for treating these conditions. However, medications from conventional devices like nasal drops, sprays, and nebulized mists often fail to penetrate the small ostia and reach the sinuses. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of e-vape-generated aerosols entering and filling paranasal sinus cavities, particularly the maxillary sinus. Methods: The aerosol droplets were generated using an electronic vaporizer (e-vape) and were composed solely of vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG). Patient-specific, transparent nose-sinus models, including one with post-uncinectomy surgery, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of these e-vape-generated VG-PG aerosols in entering the sinuses under unidirectional and bidirectional airflow conditions. Visualizations from various nasal model views and lighting conditions were recorded. Particle size distribution measurements of the e-vape aerosol were conducted using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Results: E-vape-generated VG-PG droplets effectively enter paranasal sinuses under specific administration conditions. E-vape aerosol droplet size measurements revealed a mean particle size ranging from 2.895 to 3.359 μm, with a median particle size (D50) averaging 2.963 μm. The speed of aerosol entering the paranasal sinuses is directly proportional to the ostia size; larger ostia result in faster sinus entry. A continuous moderate flow is necessary to gradually fill the paranasal sinus cavities. The aerosol entry into sinuses was observed at 2 L/min and decreased with increasing flow rate. The mechanisms of aerosol entry involve maintaining a positive pressure gradient across the ostial canal, a non-equilibrium transverse pressure distribution, and a two-way flow through the ostium. Gravitational forces and recirculation currents further enhance the deposition of e-vape aerosols. Comparative tests showed that traditional delivery devices exhibited limited penetration into paranasal sinuses. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that e-vape-generated aerosols could serve as a vehicle for delivering active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) directly to the paranasal sinuses, improving treatment outcomes.
Unveiling the Complexities of Medications, Substance Abuse, and Plants for Recreational and Narcotic Purposes: An In-Depth Analysis
Authors: Predescu Iasmina-Alexandra , Jîjie Alex-Robert , Pătraşcu Dalia , Pasc Aida-Luisa-Vanessa , Piroş Elisaveta-Ligia , Trandafirescu Cristina , Oancea Cristian , Dehelean Cristina Adriana , Moacă Elena-Alina
Published: January 2025

The complexities surrounding the use of medications, substance abuse, and the recreational use of plants are multifaceted and warrant a comprehensive examination. This review highlights the complexities surrounding the consumption of chemical substances in excess or for non-medical purposes, obtained through legal prescriptions, over-the-counter purchases, or illicit means, with an emphasis on the predictive role of stressors and individual-level variables in the development of substance use disorders, as well as the influence of the regulatory environment on patterns of consumption. Additionally, the alarming escalation in the mortality rate associated with illicit drug and opioid overdoses is also underscored. The recreational use of prescription medications can lead to significant health risks, particularly when combined with other substances; therefore, the need for interventions and preventive measures to address substance abuse among various populations is imperative. Furthermore, novel insights on substance abuse addiction, exploring the neurobiological mechanisms underlying addiction, and discussing treatment approaches and interventions are elucidated. Advancements in technology for detecting substance abuse are also highlighted, displaying innovative tools for more effective identification and monitoring. In conclusion, the complexities of medications, substance abuse, and the recreational use of plants reveal a landscape marked by overlapping motivations and health implications. The distinction between medical and recreational use is critical for understanding user behavior and addressing public health concerns.
520 μJ Microsecond Burst-Mode Pulse Fiber Amplifier with GHz-Tunable Intra-Burst Pulse and Flat-Top Envelope
Authors: Gu Yanran , Niu Xinyue , Yi Muyu , Yao Jinmei , Wang Langning , Xun Tao , Liu Jinliang
Published: January 2025

We present a 520 μJ microsecond burst-mode pulse fiber amplifier with a GHz-tunable intra-burst repetition rate and a nearly flat-top pulse envelope. The amplifier architecture comprises a microsecond pulse seed, a high-bandwidth electro-optic modulator (EOM), two pre-amplifier stages, a waveform-compensated acoustic-optic modulator (AOM), and two main amplifier stages. To address amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and nonlinear effects, a multistage synchronous pumping scheme that achieved a maximum energy output of 520 μJ and has a peak power of 160 W was used. To produce a flat-topped burst pulse envelope, the AOM generates an editable waveform with a leading edge and a high trailing edge to compensate for waveform distortion, resulting in a 5 μs nearly flat-top pulse envelope at maximum energy. The laser provides an adjustable intra-burst pulse repetition rate range of 1–5 GHz through the high-bandwidth EOM modulation. The intra-burst pulse jitter time of the laser remains below 4.31 ps at different frequencies. Moreover, the beam quality of the amplifier is M2x = 1.04 and M2y = 1.1. This amplifier exhibits promising potential and can be further amplified as an optical drive source for high-power, large-bandwidth microwave photon (MWP) radar applications. Meanwhile, it is also potentially applicable as a pulse source for high-speed optical communications, the high-precision processing of special materials, and LIDAR ranging.
Floral Resource Integration: Enhancing Biocontrol of Tuta absoluta Within Sustainable IPM Frameworks
Authors: Hyder Moazam , Ul Haq Inzamam , Younas Muhammad , Ghafar Muhammad Adeel , Akhtar Muhammad Rehan , Ahmed Zubair , Bukero Aslam , Hou Youming
Published: January 2025

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta, is a pest threatening global tomato production. This pest’s adaptability and resistance to chemical insecticides have necessitated integrated pest management (IPM) strategies prioritizing sustainable alternatives. This review explores the role of biological control agents (BCAs) in managing T. absoluta populations, emphasizing the integration of floral resources to enhance their efficacy. Predatory mirids such as Macrolophus pygmaeus and Nesidiocoris tenuis and parasitoids such as N. artynes and Trichogramma spp. are pivotal in pest suppression; however, their performance depends on nutritional and habitat support. Floral resources provide essential sugars and proteins, improving the longevity, fecundity, and predation efficiency of these BCAs. This review synthesizes case studies highlighting the benefits of selected flowering plants, such as Lobularia maritima and Fagopyrum esculentum, in supporting predator and parasitoid populations while minimizing advantages to T. absoluta. Mechanisms such as nectar quality, floral accessibility, and spatial–temporal resource availability are explored in detail. Additionally, the challenges of selective floral attraction, microbial impacts on nectar composition, and the unintended support of non-target organisms are discussed. This review proposes targeted floral management strategies to optimize BCA performance within IPM systems by integrating ecological and chemical insights. This approach offers a pathway toward reducing chemical pesticide reliance, fostering sustainable agriculture, and mitigating the economic impacts of T. absoluta infestations.