bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continental diatom biodiversity discovery and description in China: 1848 through 2019
Authors: Kociolek J. Patrick , You Qingmin , Liu Qi , Liu Yan , Wang Quanxi
Published: September 2020

In this paper we inventory the continental diatom taxa described from inland waters in China, from the first species descriptions dating back to 1848 through 2019. China’s geography and hydrography are complex, including the world’s highest mountains, many large rivers, salty lakes, and large karst regions. From this area, a total of 1128 taxa have been described from China over this time period. We examine the number of taxa described in ca. 20-year intervals and note the periods of time of no to few descriptions, versus time intervals with many taxon descriptions. Early on, taxon descriptions of freshwater diatoms from China were done by mostly by Europeans working alone, and the time frame of 1948 to 1967 had few descriptions, as a devasting famine and the cultural revolution impacted scientific work and productivity. B.V. Skvortzov produced a large number of taxon descriptions, during his time in residence in Harbin, later while in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and even posthumously. More recently, a wide range of labs and collaborations across China, and with a diverse array of international partners, is ushering in a new, robust era of research on the biodiversity of continental diatoms. A few areas of research and work for the future are discussed.
A new rare and endemic species of Sloanea (Elaeocarpaceae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador
Authors: Guevara Andino Juan Ernesto , Fernandez-Fernandez Diana
Published: September 2020

A new species collected in the lowland forests of the Chocó region of Ecuador, Sloanea cayapensis, is described and illustrated and its morphological similarities with other species of Sloanea are discussed.
Risk stratification of patients with gastric lesions indefinite for dysplasia
Authors: Cho Young Sin , Chung Il-Kwun , Jung Yunho , Han Su Jung , Yang Jae Kook , Lee Tae Hoon , Park Sang-Heum , Kim Sun-Joo
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims: There are no definite guidelines for the management of gastric lesions diagnosed as indefinite for dysplasia (IND) by endoscopic forceps biopsy (EFB). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of gastric IND and predictive factors for gastric neoplasm.Methods: This study included 457 patients with a first diagnosis of gastric IND by EFB between January 2005 and December 2013. Patient characteristics and endoscopic and pathological data were reviewed and compared.Results: Of the 457 gastric IND patients, 128 (28%) were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma, 21 (4.6%) with high-grade dysplasia, 31 (6.8%) with low-grade dysplasia, and 277 (60.6%) as negative for dysplasia. Of lesions observed, 180 (39.4%) showed upgraded histology. Multivariate analysis revealed that surface erythema (odds ratio [OR], 2.804; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.741 to 4.516), spontaneous bleeding (OR, 2.618; 95% CI, 1.298 to 5.279), lesion size ≥ 1 cm (OR, 5.762; 95% CI, 3.459 to 9.597), and depressed morphology (OR, 2.183; 95% CI, 1.155 to 4.124) were significant risk factors for high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. The ORs associated with 2 and ≥ 3 risk factors were 7.131 and 34.86, respectively.Conclusions: Precautions should be taken in the management of gastric IND patients, especially when risk factors, including surface erythema, spontaneous bleeding, lesion size ≥ 1 cm, and depressed morphology are present. Considering the combined effect of the presence of multiple risk factors on the incidence of high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma, endoscopic resection should be recommended if a gastric IND patient has at two or more of these factors.
La coopération sanitaire internationale à l’épreuve du COVID-19
Authors: Houssin Didier
Published: September 2020

La pandémie de COVID-19 a joué un rôle de catalyseur des tensions internationales, en particulier entre la Chine et les États-Unis. Le président américain a fortement critiqué l’Organisation mondiale de la santé, accusée de servir les intérêts de Pékin et d’inefficacité. Pourtant, cette organisation a agi avec célérité et a facilité la coopération sanitaire internationale. Elle œuvre notamment à la production d’un vaccin qui pourrait être considéré comme un bien public mondial.
Le COVID-19, accélérateur de la post-mondialisation
Authors: Gaillard Norbert
Published: September 2020

La mondialisation a généré des interdépendances, dont les effets néfastes ont pu être constatés à l’occasion de la pandémie de COVID-19. Plusieurs pays européens ont ainsi dû faire face à une pénurie de produits sanitaires essentiels. L’Europe est amenée à tirer les leçons de cette crise et à entrer de plain-pied dans l’ère de la post-globalisation. Elle devra réduire sa dépendance à l’égard de pays qui ne respectent pas les règles du libéralisme, en particulier la Chine.
L’urbanisation du monde : pourquoi, jusqu’où ?
Authors: Dumont Gérard-François
Published: September 2020

Depuis le xviii e  siècle, le passage d’une économie agricole à une économie industrielle a produit une forte urbanisation. À la fin du xx e  siècle, la dynamique de globalisation a relancé la hausse des taux d’urbanisation dans les nœuds économiques essentiels, alors que l’Afrique voyait ses campagnes se vider au profit des villes porteuses d’emplois formels ou informels. Aucun facteur simple ne permet de prédire une hausse continue du taux d’urbanisation, un phénomène qui revêt également des formes très diverses.
Global Citizenship as a Means for Teaching Environmental Education to Gifted Learners
Authors: Slade Mary L.
Published: September 2020

Increasingly, social issues are expanding at global proportions. Some of the biggest threats surround sustainability and environmental challenges. Global learning can prepare future global citizens to acknowledge and resolve social issues. Global citizenship can be used as a means for addressing awareness, knowledge, and action relative to sustainability and environmental education. For the purpose of teaching sustainability and environmental education via global citizenry to gifted learners, a curricular framework was developed to use across disciplines, grade levels, and service delivery options. In essence, the curriculum prepares advanced and gifted learners to raise their awareness of sustainability and environmental issues, teach the necessary tools for taking action, and to prepare them to inspire future citizens who engage in related global community change.
Applying Smart Security Model to Protect Client Services From the Threats of the Optical Network
Authors: Rahouma Kamel H. , Ali Ayman A.
Published: September 2020

The chapter discusses the security of the client signals over the optical network from any wiretapping or loosing. The physical layer of the optical transport network (OTN) is the weakest layer in the network; anyone can access the optical cables from any location and states his attack. A security layer is proposed to be added in the mapping of OTN frames. The detection of any intrusion is done by monitoring the variations in the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) by using intelligent software defined network. The signal cryptographic is done at the source and the destination only. The chapter shows how the multi-failure restorations in the multi-domains could be done. A new model is introduced by slicing the multi-domains to three layers to fit the needs of 5G. The results show that the multi-failure restoration improved from 25% to 100%, the revenue from some OTN domains increased by 50%, the switching time enhanced by 50%, the latency reduced from 27 msec to 742 usec, and it will take many years to figure out the right keys to perform the decryption process.
Downsizing the Semantic Gap in Contextual Image Retrieval System Using Superintend Gross Silhouette Descriptor
Authors: Chiddarwar Girija G. , Kumar S.Phani
Published: September 2020

Since shape is the most important feature for recognizing objects, it has to be extracted accurately in order to enhance the content based image retrieval system, but challenges prevailed in extracting shape features of an object in an image due to inability of shape descriptor which extracts a limited number of different shapes that are not invariant, alongside the inability to extracting features of overlapping objects, and the shape connotation gap problem between low level and high level features. In order to overcome these problems, this work proposes a Superintend Gross Silhouette Descriptor which uses pixel coordinates on spatial domain of the image for finding the real shape of the object by means of straight lines so it has the ability to detect the overlapped objects as well as the polygonal shapes. After being extracted, features would be trained using a random woodland classifier which classifies the features into a group of classes at maximum convergence for mitigating the shape connotation problem. At the time of retrieval, the features of the query image would be tested with trained features for measuring the similarity by the dynamite correlation coefficient method, which is a measure of the linear correlation so it would render the absolute value of the correlation coefficient which maintains the relationship strength among features.
Multi-View Model-Driven Projection to Facilitate the Control of the Evolution and Quality of the Architecture
Authors: Kadri Salim , Aouag Sofiane , Hedjazi Djalal
Published: September 2020

In model driven-engineering, there is a myriad of approaches that use models and transformations to develop software systems. However, a few works in the literature have discussed the simplification of these models to make them more readable, understandable, and easy to navigate. This article proposed an approach that simplifies models in order to assist architects in controlling architecture evolution and quality, especially with large systems. This approach consists of two main concepts, multi-view modeling and on-demand model projection. In the former, formally specified models are divided into two views. The first one is dedicated to describe quality attributes. The second view represents the architectural view. The multi-viewing can enrich stakeholder reasoning about the developed architecture and simplify the mapping between quality attributes and architectural decisions at different abstraction levels. In the latter, the projection concept consists of extracting from source models only elements of interest to generate simpler and narrower models as output.
Extensão Universitária e Formação para Professores: Biomas Brasileiros no Museu Dinâmico Interdisciplinar da UEM
Authors: Gonzalez Ribeiro Nathália Cristina , De Mello Gonçales Sant'Ana Débora
Published: September 2020

Os museus de ciências desempenham, atualmente no Brasil, importante papel nas relações com os espaços de educação formal, em especial, as escolas. No que diz respeito ao relacionamento com os professores, há a oferta de cursos, dentre outros projetos, que auxiliam no aprimoramento da prática pedagógica. O presente trabalho, que envolveu a realização de um curso de formação continuada para professores em um museu de ciências, visou apresentar uma exposição com o tema “Biomas Brasileiros”, e fornecer elementos para uma prévia preparação de docentes que planejam levar seus alunos para uma visita ao espaço. De maneira geral, o curso, em momentos teóricos e práticos, buscou fornecer aos professores de ciências, biologia e geografia diferentes formas e atividades para trabalharem o tema “biomas brasileiros” com seus alunos, incluindo a visita ao museu como uma possibilidade de atividade fora do ambiente escolar. Dentre as atividades desenvolvidas, os participantes escreveram planos de atividades para serem desenvolvidos com seus alunos, envolvendo a visita ao museu como uma das ferramentas de ensino, e aplicaram questionários sobre assuntos trabalhados no curso. Tendo em vista a estreita relação museu x escola, é importante que, de acordo com cada realidade, as instituições museológicas atuem na formação continuada de professores, visando a divulgação científica e um melhor aproveitamento de suas exposições pelo público escolar.
ENSINO DE GENÉTICA POR MEIO DA INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE ENTRE BIOLOGIA E PLANEJAMENTO URBANO
Authors: Elias Marcelo Alberto , Ronquim Joyce
Published: September 2020

O processo de ensino e aprendizagem é um desafio a ser enfrentado por educadores e educandos diariamente na educação, tanto na básica, integrada, quanto na profissional. Nesse sentido trabalhar de maneira integrada pode colaborar para o enfrentamento das dificuldades no dia a dia da sala de aula. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a colaboração da interdisciplinaridade no ensino técnico integrado. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma turma do curso técnico integrado em edificação do Instituto Federal do Paraná no município de Umuarama, com a participação de 19 alunos. Dentro da proposta, os estudantes tiveram que realizar um trabalho interdisciplinar entre biologia e planejamento urbano durante todo o terceiro bimestre de 2019, o trabalho consistia em um projeto de revitalização de uma praça da cidade, no qual cada dupla pré-definida, recebeu aleatoriamente características fictícias dos moradores do entorno da praça a ser revitalizada. Essas características estavam ligadas a condições genéticas alteradas. O projeto deveria levar em consideração tais características na sua elaboração, ao final os estudantes apresentaram seus projetos. Os resultados foram analisados de maneira qualitativa a partir da observação do projeto elaborado e do discurso escrito e falado. Todos os estudantes conseguiram atender com êxito a proposta da atividade e foi possível observar um interesse maior dos mesmos na busca de informações, uma vez que essas eram fundamentais para seus projetos. Assim a presente proposta sugere que a interdisciplinaridade entre biologia e planejamento urbano, colabore com o aumento do interesse por parte dos estudantes, tornando o processo de ensino e aprendizagem mais atrativo e significativo para os mesmos.
Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e angiográficos de pacientes submetidos à Intervenção Coronária Percutânea primária/ Epidemiological, clinical and angiographic aspects of patients submitted to primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Constancia de Melo Alves Silva Louise , Medeiros da Silva Tamara Taynah , Santos Costas Ilanne Caroline , Moreira de Lima Maria Solange , Vieira Dantas Daniele , Assis Neves Dantas Rodrigo
Published: September 2020

Introdução: Dispor do perfil de pacientes submetidos à angioplastia colabora para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos mesmos e trabalho assistencial da equipe de saúde. Objetivo: analisar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e angiográficos e suas relações com o sexo dos pacientes submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea primária. Método: estudo descritivo e transversal realizado em Hospital Universitário do Rio Grande do Norte. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre abril e outubro de 2017 a partir de dados encontrados no prontuário informatizado e impresso de 93 pacientes submetidos à Intervenção Coronária Percutânea Primária.Utilizaram-se testes como o Kolmogorov-Sminorv, Mann-Whitney (U) e Qui-quadrado de Pearson (X2) para a avaliação das informações evidenciadas pela pesquisa. Resultados: dos 93 pacientes inclusos no estudo, 64,5% eram homens, com média de idade de 62,3 anos. Sobre o tempo porta-balão,18,2% das mulheres e 8,3% dos homens conseguiram o tempo menor que 90 minutos. Quanto às comorbidades, destacam-se Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, além do hábito de vida etilismo. Conclusão: os resultados sobre os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e angiográficos evidenciados neste estudo favorecem um maior conhecimento, contribuindo para a geração de estratégias para a prevenção de agravos de pacientes submetidos à Intervenção Coronária Percutânea primária.
O desvelar do cuidar de si da mulher quilombola/ Unveiling the self-care of the quilombola woman
Authors: Roque Matos Lucas , Lessa Pacheco Zuleyce Maria , Pinheiro Roseni , Brandão Santana Almeida Geovana
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: desvelar os significados do cuidar de si das mulheres quilombolas frente aos determinantes sociais presentes em seu território. Método: estudo qualitativo de abordagem fenomenológica à luz do pensamento filosófico de Martim Heidegger, realizado com nove mulheres quilombolas participantes do Diretório de Mulheres da Colônia do Paiol/MG, Brasil, mediante entrevistas fenomenológicas, analisadas com a Hermenêutica heideggeriana. Resultados: Emergiram quatro Unidades de Significação: o desvelar do bem-estar da convivência no território; os determinantes sociais interferindo no autocuidado à saúde; a baixa funcionalidade dos serviços de saúde potencializando a desigualdade social; e a importância do Diretório de Mulheres que se torna aparato social de resgate dos saberes ancestrais.Considerações finais: Os quilombolas enfrentam desafios cotidianos influenciados pelos determinantes sociais que são acentuados pela desigualdade do acesso aos serviços e às ações vinculadas ao seu direito à saúde, e, nesse sentido, o Diretório de Mulheres aparece como estratégia para continuarem a resistir.
Segurança do paciente em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: revisão integrativa/Patient safety in a neonatal intensive care units: integrative review
Authors: Acosta Alves Vanessa , Marten Milbrath Viviane , Jací da Silva Nunes Nara , Irmgard Bartschi Gabatz Ruth
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: identificar a produção científica, publicada de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2019, sobre a segurança do paciente em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: revisão integrativa, na qual se selecionou 24 artigos que atendiam ao objetivo e aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão com o auxílio do software End Note®. Nesses artigos, analisaram-se os dados referentes à autoria, objetivos, ano de publicação, método, resultados e nível de evidência. Resultados: elaboraram-se cinco categorias para apresentar os resultados: O profissional e a segurança do paciente; Comunicação e segurança do paciente; Gestão de qualidade e segurança do paciente; Cultura de segurança; e A família e a segurança do paciente. Conclusão: o processo de construção e incentivo à segurança do paciente se dá de forma similar nos cenários nacional e internacional. Os estudos apontam esforços emergentes para a construção da cultura de segurança, arquitetados sob estratégias de gestão de qualidade e segurança, melhoria das condições de trabalho e fatores profissionais, bem como a inserção da família como fator qualificador da assistência.
Palavras-chave: Segurança do paciente. Neonato. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Enfermagem.
 Determinantes de saúde e hipertensão entre homens de cidade do interior de São Paulo – SP / Determinants of health and hypertension among men from in land São Paulo – SP
Authors: Dos Santos Costa Felipe , Lima da Silva Jorge Luiz , De Moura Mello Gabriel , Lemos de Almeida Giulia , Henrique dos Santos Ribeiro Luiz , Marcato Souza da Silva Laisa , Rabello Ramos Camille
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: descrever os índices pressóricos, segundo características sociodemográficas, laborais e hábitos de vida de homens usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).Método: trata-se de inquérito epidemiológico com 370residentes no município de Bananal – SP. Foram utilizados questionário autoaplicado e dados de prontuários. Foi utilizada a Escala de Apoio Social do Medical Outcomes Study (MOS-SSS). O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para verificar diferenças entre os grupos. Resultados: encontrou-se associação com a idade; alimentar-se mais de três vezes ao dia; consumo de alimentos processados; dormir menos que o suficiente;trabalhar;e ausência de lazer.Pode-se constatar que os hipertensos realizavam práticas integrativas no SUS, e apresentavam co-morbidades como diabetes, sobrepeso ou obesidade;referiram poucos amigos; e com baixa percepção de apoio social.Conclusão: o estudo mostra a força que subiste a doença, associação com co-morbidades e baixo apoio social, o que abre caminho para mais estudos sobre a temática.
 O cuidado familiar e da Estratégia Saúde da Família na perspectiva do usuário com processo crônico de saúde / Family care and the Family Health Strategy from the perspective of the user with chronic health process
Authors: Montenegro Lívia Cozer , Magalhães Ana Elisa Dias , Mendes Desirée Rodrigues , Tavares Marcus Luciano de Oliveira , Lachtim Sheila Aparecida Ferreira , Freitas Gisele Lima de
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Conhecer como o usuário dependente de cuidados e que possui um processo crônico de saúde acometido por uma doença crônica não transmissível vem sendo cuidado pela família e pelos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde Família. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde e no domicílio dos usuários que possuem um processo crônico de saúde, na cidade de Belo Horizonte. Foram participantes da pesquisa oito usuários com 18 anos ou mais, que possuíam alguma doença crônica, dependentes de cuidados em grau leve. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2018 por meio de entrevistas gravadas com roteiro semi-estruturado. A análise se deu por meio da análise de conteúdo resultando em três categorias empíricas. Resultados: O dependente reconhece as atividades realizadas bem como compreende o papel do familiar como referência para seu cuidado. Apareceram nessa relação sentimentos positivos e negativos sobre o ato de cuidar. Com relação à equipe de saúde o estudo confirmou o vínculo com os agentes comunitários de saúde. Conclusão: Esse estudo oferece subsídios para que os cuidadores familiares bem como os profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família compreendam os modos próprios de cuidado de um usuário dependente de cuidados em grau leve e as expectativas desse usuário em uma relação de cuidado no domicílio.
Conhecimentos e sentimentos de usuários submetidos à cineangiocoronariografia/Knowledge and feelings of patients submitted to cardiac catheterization
Authors: Sant'Anna Rosana Moreira de , Escudeiro Cristina Lavoyer , Camacho Alessandra Conceição Leite Funchal
Published: September 2020

Trata-se de um estudo que aborda o conhecimento e sentimentos dos usuários relativo ao exame de cineangiocoronariografia. Objetivo: descrever a percepção dos usuários submetidos à cineangiocoronariografia em relação ao exame. Métodos: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado no serviço de hemodinâmica em um hospital universitário no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2013. Os participantes foram 20 usuários, com idades entre 18 a 79 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, seguida da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: observou-se o desconhecimento quanto à finalidade do exame pela maioria dos usuários, e presença de medo e ansiedade associados à morte de forma simbólica ou não. Considerações finais: constatou-se que os usuários não possuem clareza quanto à ação terapêutica da cineangiocoronariografia, abrindo-se espaço para a presença de sentimentos que emergem ocasionados pelo desconhecimento. As ações educativas realizadas pelo enfermeiro constituem-se em estratégia facilitadora para a educação em saúde dessa clientela.
Timing and controls on Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization within the Crystal Lake Intrusion, 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift
Authors: Smith J W , Bleeker W , Hamilton M , Petts D , Kamo S
L , Rossell D
Published: September 2020

North America's 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift (MCR) hosts a diverse range of ultramafic and mafic intrusions, many of which contain Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization. The gabbroic, sulphide-bearing Crystal Lake Intrusion was emplaced between 1095-1091 Ma during the
'main-stage' of rift evolution. The Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization shows a close spatial association with contaminated, Cr-spinel-bearing, vari-textured gabbros. Despite the MCR having a rich legacy of research, the temporal and spatial controls on ore formation, in addition to the processes critical for
ore genesis, remain poorly constrained. Here we present new field, petrographic, and mineralogical observations, with preliminary U-Pb zircon and baddeleyite isotope dilutionthermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) results for various phases of the Crystal Lake Intrusion to resolve questions
regarding the timing of emplacement and its relationship to other MCR magmatic events, such as the Mount Mollie dyke, the Pigeon River dykes, and the Cu-Ni-bearing Duluth Complex. Results suggest that the sulphide ores at Crystal Lake were formed under low confining pressures from a magma saturated
in volatiles through contamination. The addition of crustal S prior to emplacement, by assimilation and melting of wall rocks and xenoliths entrained in the magma, is considered critical for the genesis of the ores. The local addition of S in situ, as indicated by S/Se ratios, likely contributed
only minor S into the system and is not considered essential for S saturation. Reworking of the magmatic system is indicated within the taxitic units by local brecciation, 'ripped' sulphide clasts and large (>1 cm) globular sulphides, which may indicate minimal transportation of the ores
and the potential of a deeper sulphide pool/source. The pronounced magnetic anomaly of the southern limb may suggest the presence of a feeder dyke in the south. Palladium (91-99%) and Pt (>99%) reside primarily as platinum group minerals (PGMs) in association with sulphides. The
PGM assemblage, which is largely controlled by the availability of semi-metals through contamination, is dominated by Pt arsenides, Pd-Bi-Sb}Te phases, Pd-Sn}Sb phases, Pd bismuthides, and Pd antimonides. The similarity of the PGM assemblage throughout the Crystal Lake Intrusion indicates
crystallization from compositionally similar magmas. The distribution of elements is consistent with the fractionation of a sulphide liquid, with later low-temperature alteration locally remobilizing elements at the micro-scale. The preferential partitioning of Mo, As, Bi, Re, and Pd into discrete
parallel linear features and the development of a micro-fabric within unaltered sulphide globules suggests localized remobilization of select elements post-sulphide fractionation.
Overview of Ni-Cu-(PGE), Cr-(PGE), and Fe-Ti-V magmatic mineralization in the Superior Province: insights on metallotects and metal endowment
Authors: Houlé M G , Lesher C M , Sappin A -A , Bédard M -P , Goutier J , Yang X -M
Published: September 2020

The Archean Superior Province is well known for its metal endowment. Ultramafic and mafic intrusions/flows are ubiquitous in greenstone belts across the Superior Province and are prospective hosts for magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE), Cr-(PGE), and Fe-Ti-V deposits, although
their abundance and endowment vary widely among the terranes/domains. For example, the Abitibi-Wawa terrane contains numerous but generally small Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits, a few large Fe-Ti-V deposits, and only rare Cr mineralization. The Bird River-Uchi-Oxford-Stull-La Grande Riviere-Eastmain (BUOGE
mp;lt;"superdomainmp;gt;") domains are characterized by several moderate to very large chromite deposits, a few moderate to small Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits, and a few potentially large Fe-Ti-V deposits that are characterized as prospects due to the lack of definition drilling. The other terranes/domains
in the Superior Province, including the Au and Cu-Zn-Aurich Abitibi belt, contain some magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) and Fe-Ti-V mineralization, but no significant Cr- (PGE) mineralization. Many factors are responsible for the variable metal endowment, but some critical features appear to be particularly
important and may define prospective Ni-Cu-(PGE), Cr-(PGE), and/or Fe-Ti- V metallotects. These include the presence of (1) abundant primitive mantle-derived magmas that were generated by large magmatic events over short durations; (2) magma compositions that favoured the generation of Ni-Cu-(PGE)
(high-Mg komatiitic), Cr (low-Mg komatiitic), and Cu-Ni-PGE and Fe-Ti-V (basaltic) mineralization; (3) transcrustal discontinuities that focussed magma flow through the lower crust; (4) shallow structures and densities that favoured emplacement of channelized lava/magma conduits at relatively high
levels, (5) high magma fluxes to promote thermomechanical erosion of crustal rocks; (6) high-level crustal rocks containing sulphur (e.g. sulphide-facies iron formation) and oxide (e.g. oxide-facies iron formation) reservoirs for generating and upgrading sulphide xenomelts and oxide xenocrysts; and
(7) favourable deformation and erosion to preserve and expose prospective units for exploration. Targeting base and precious metals is challenging, even in well endowed but partially exposed greenstone belts. However, understanding these fundamental controls will help in the discover of additional
resources in other frontier areas within the Superior Province and throughout the Canadian Shield.
Laparoscopic excision for small intestinal mesenteric tumour diagnosed Schloffer tumour
Authors: Obuchi Toru , Kemuriyama Kohei , Tamura Hiroshi , Imano Hiroshi , Saito Reijiro , Endo Kazuhiko , Takahashi Masato
Published: September 2020

This report presents a case of Schloffer tumour at the small intestinal mesentery, mimicking a malignant tumour, treated laparoscopically. Six years prior, a 57-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy for a benign, cystic, ovarian tumour, but she had no history of malignancy. She was treated at an outpatient clinic for gastrointestinal complaints and was relieved of these symptoms. Abdominal computed tomography showed an incidental mesenteric tumour of the small intestine, tending toward growth. Due to the tumour's malignant potential, laparoscopic examination was performed. A spherical tumour with a base in the jejunum mesentery was observed. It was removed without damage. The post-operative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 3 days after the operation without complications. Histological diagnosis showed this to be a Schloffer tumour, but no malignancy was observed. Unidentified intraperitoneal tumours in patients with surgical histories may be Schloffer tumours, and this should be kept in mind.
Robotic thyroid surgery using bilateral axillo-breast approach
Authors: Chand Gyan , Yi Jin Wook , Johri Goonj
Published: September 2020

Background:

Across surgical disciplines, the demand for cosmetically superior procedures is stronger than ever and patient-centered health care has become the standard of care. Endoscopic thyroidectomy has revolutionized the field of minimal access endocrine surgery and akin to other surgical disciplines, there has been a natural progression towards robot-assisted thyroidectomy. Amongst the many described approaches, bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) and transaxillary are most widely practiced.

Aims and Objectives:

Our aim was to describe the technique of robot-assisted thyroid surgery (RATS) using BABA.

Methods:

This is based on the corresponding authors' training and experience of over 50 cases of RATS using BABA, at the Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.

Results:

Post-operative outcomes were excellent with lesser pain, better cosmesis and similar oncological outcomes in carefully selected thyroid cancers in comparison to conventional thyroidectomy.

Conclusion:

RATS using BABA is easy to master for endoscopic thyroid surgeons and offers excellent postoperative outcomes, ergonomics, vision and dexterity.
Duodenal neuroendocrine tumours in morbidly obese
Authors: Jain Nikhil , Soni Banshidhar , Khetan Ashish , Mishra Siddharth , Sharma Bhuwanesh , Bhojwani Rajesh
Published: September 2020

The association of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) with obesity has been reported and researched on. Rendering of a laparoscopic treatment treating these concurring pathologies in unison has not been described. Two morbidly obese patients with duodenal NETs underwent a resectional procedure, with curative intent, in the form of laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy with roux-en-y gastrojejunostomy with partial duodenectomy and a laparoscopic one-anastomosis gastric bypass-mini gastric bypass with remnant gastrectomy and partial duodenectomy. Both patients had an uneventful convalescence with acceptable weight loss and no evidence of tumour recurrence on follow-up. The indolent nature of NETs, as compared to the morbidity of obesity provides the rationale for treating this particular cohort of patients with a surgical procedure that would serve to remove the tumour and also provide therapeutic benefit for obesity. With experience in advanced laparoscopic procedures, this can be accomplished safely with acceptable results.
Quantitative assessment of crural closure for laparoscopic anti-reflux surgeries
Authors: Mandovra Pranav , Kalikar Vishakha , Patankar Roy V.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Long-term dysphagia is a known complication of laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery (LARS). Of the several factors, inadequate hiatal closure is one of the major reasons for its occurrence. The aim of this study is to develop a technique for the quantitative assessment of crural closure during LARS to reduce dysphagia.

Materials and Methods:

It is an analysis of prospectively collected data of 109 patients who underwent LARS at a tertiary healthcare centre in India. To identify the adequacy of hiatal closure intraoperatively, a 7 French Fogarty catheter was used, and its balloon was inflated with 1 cc air at the repaired hiatus. This inflated balloon in the repaired hiatus following cruroplasty gives an accurate quantitative assessment of the adequate closure and adequate space for food bolus to pass without causing mechanical obstruction after hiatus repair. Pre- and post-operative 12 months’ DeMeester scores and lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) pressures were calculated.

Results:

The patients had a significant reduction in DeMeester scores postoperatively from a mean of 68.5–12.3 (P < 0.0001). None of the patients had long-term dysphagia or the need for long-term proton-pump inhibitors. The mean LES pressures on post-operative manometry showed increase to 15.1 mmHg from a mean of 6.4 mmHg, which was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). None of the patients had a recurrence of hiatus hernia.

Conclusion:

Quantitative assessment of adequacy for crural closure during LARS using a 7 French Fogarty catheter balloon is a novel technique which may decrease the incidence of post-operative dysphagia or intrathoracic wrap migration or recurrence of hiatus hernia.
Laparoscopic approach in cholecystogastric fistula with cholecystectomy and omental patching
Authors: Nayak Sunil Kumar , Parthasarathi R. , Gupta G. H. V. Raghavendra , Palanivelu Chinnusamy
Published: September 2020

Cholecystoenteric fistulas are rare complications of cholelithiasis, with cholecystogastric fistulas (CGFs) being the rarest. Recommended treatment is surgery; however, select asymptomatic patients can be managed conservatively. The population frequently involved is old age with multiple comorbidities. Open surgery comes with its added morbidities, especially in this subgroup and hence laparoscopic surgery might be beneficial. Sometimes, these fistulas can be incomplete. Here, we describe a case of incomplete CGF managed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy and omental patching along with a brief review of the literature.
The Predictive Role of Social Intelligence in Successful Aging in the Elderly
Authors: Soleimani Mohammad Ali , Mohammadi Fatemeh , Mafi Maryam , Zakani Akram
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Successful aging is a concept that seemingly provides a good approach to increase an individual's success in old age. The results of studies have shown that various factors can predict a successful aging. Social intelligence is one of the parameters that can predict a person's success in life.

Methods:

This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample consisted of 288 elderly people in the city of Karaj who were selected at first by cluster sampling method and then by convenience sampling method. In order to evaluate successful aging (based on Rowe and Kahn's theory), the following questionnaires were used in addition to emphasizing the absence of chronic disease: World Health Organization's mental well-being questionnaire, Katz physical functioning questionnaire, and Duke social support and interaction questionnaire. To investigate the social intelligence, the Tromso social intelligence questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed by a descriptive test and also logistic regression in SPSS software version 22.

Results:

The mean age of the elderly was 65.24 ± 5.10. The successful aging rate was 7.3%. In logistic regression analysis, social intelligence significantly predicted successful aging. Moreover, variables of body mass index, previous job, level of religious beliefs, marital status, education level, the person they were living with and the use of assistive devices had a significant correlation with successful aging.

Conclusion:

Due to the high predictive power of social intelligence in successful aging and since this variable can be taught and learned, by emphasizing this variable and other predictor variables, this period can be enriched for the elderly along with a better quality of life.
Determinants of Teenage Marital Pregnancy Among Bangladeshi Women
Authors: Sarder Md. Alamgir , Alauddin Sharlene , Ahammed Benojir
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Teenage marital pregnancy is a critical issue responsible for complex and life threatening health problems of both mother and children. This study aimed to determine various demographic, socioeconomic, and spatial factors responsible for teenage pregnancy in Bangladesh.

Methods:

This study used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014 data. A sample of 4,608 teenage (age<20years) married women were included in the analysis. Kaplan Meier Product Limit approach was used to estimate the mean and median teenage pregnancy, and the log-rank test was used to test whether two (or more) groups were equal or not. Finally, Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the risk factors of teenage pregnancy.

Results:

Among participants, approximately 90% had experienced teenage pregnancy. The mean (±standard deviation) age of the teenage pregnancy was 17.7 (±2.79) years. Among the demographic and socioeconomic factors, women's and their husband's lower education, lowest wealth index, Islamic faith, unemployment, and no access to mass media were the risk factors associated with the teenage pregnancy. Furthermore, spatial variables, residence in Rangpur division, and rural areas also had higher odds of getting pregnant at teenage.

Conclusion:

Government should initiate different protective and preventive measures to minimize early marriage and pregnancy, including improvement of female enrolment and completion rate of education, encouragement of female employment opportunities to increase wealth index for women through financial support and technical skill development, and reinforcement family planning utilization using religious texts and knowledge among people at individual and community levels.
Short communication: expanding the range of services to the survivors of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: RamBihariLal Shrivastava Saurabh , Saurabh Shrivastava Prateek
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The objectives of the article are to assess the role of a strategic response in the prevention and control of the dis- ease and the need for extending supports to the survivors of disease.

Introduction: Since the start of the August last year, a new outbreak of Ebola virus disease has been reported in provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Methods: As of now, close to 1170 cases and 740 deaths have been attributed to the diseases due to the associated complications in the region.

Results: In order to effectively respond to the outbreak, a wide range of strategies have been proposed. It is a fact that the survivors of the disease outbreak face multiple challenges, the task of organizing eye clinics to promote early detection of the problems among the survivors has been initiated.

Conclusion: In conclusion, Ebola virus disease is a life threatening disease and is linked with a wide range of complications, including those involving eyes. Thus, the need of the hour is to formulate a strategic response comprising of different strategies which not only aim to reduce the incidence of the disease, but also to extend quality assured care to the survivors.

Keywords: Ebola virus disease; Democratic Republic of Congo; eye; survivors.
Missed antenatal care follow-up and associated factors in Eastern Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Mulat Amlaku , Kassa Simachew , Belay Getahun , Emishaw Solomon , Yekoye Abere , Bayu Hinsermu , Kebede Seifu
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Focused antenatal care improves the survival and health of the mother as well as the babies. However, there are real challenges in keeping the subsequent antenatal care follow up in Ethiopia. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess missed antenatal care follow up and associated factors in the Eastern zone of Tigray.

Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among systematically selected 548 women who came for de- livery services from March to April 2016. The data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire through face to face exit interview. Data entry and analysis were made using EPI info version 7 software and SPSS version 20 respectively. Both binary and multiple logistic regression was performed.

Results: This study revealed that 33.4% of participants were missing their Antenatal care follow-up. Having no formal ed- ucation [AOR=1.778 (1.102, 2.869)], attending primary education [AOR= 1.756 (1.040, 2.964)], self-employee [AOR=1.589 (1.030, 2.452)], government employee [AOR=0.503 (0.503, 0.953)], being unmarried [AOR=2.36 (1.11, 5.04)], didn’t in- formed about institutional delivery [AOR=3.34 (1.44, 7.78)], and travel distance more than two hours to hospital [AOR=1.93 (1.08, 3.44)] were factors significantly associated with missed Antenatal care follow-up.

Conclusion: The proportion of missed antenatal care follow-up was lessened as compared to local and national evidences. Nevertheless, still a coordinated effort on tracking of pregnant women who missed their antenatal care appointment is re- quired by health policy implementers so as to increase the uptake of four complete visits.

Keywords: Antenatal care follow-up; missed antenatal care; Tigray region; Ethiopia.
Anti-retro viral therapy adverse drug reaction and associated factors among human immuno deficiency virus infected adult patients at Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial hospital, South Ethiopia
Authors: Tamirat Temesgen , Woldemichael Kifle , Tewelde Tsegaye , Laelago Tariku
Published: September 2020

Background: Recent increases in access to HAART have made the management of drug toxicities an increasingly crucial component of HIV care in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of antiretroviral ther- apy adverse drug reactions and associated factors among HIV-infected adult patients at Nigist Eleni Mohammed memorial hospital.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted by retrospective review of patients’ medical records. From a total 721 adult patient records, 231 patients record were selected by simple random sampling technique. The study was conducted April15-25, 2015.The association between dependent and independent variables was measured by using OR at 95% CI. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Result: About 53(22.9%) patients developed ADRs (adverse drug reactions). Female (AOR=2.72, CI=1.177-6.30), patients with WHO stage III and IV (AOR= 13.06, CI=4.17- 40.90) were found more likely to develop ADRs. Commonly identified ADRs were fatigue (18.1%), diarrhea (7.7%), nausea (6.5%), headache (3.6%) and anemia (2%).

Conclusion: Nearly one in five patients develop ADRs. Sex of respondents, WHO stage and functional status were asso- ciated with ADRs. The health care providers should give due attention to ambulatory, bedridden, and WHO stage III and IV patients.

Keywords: ART; HIV; AIDS; Ethiopia.
Epidemiology and visual outcomes of ocular injuries in a low resource country
Authors: K Abu Emmanuel , Ocansey Stephen , A Gyamfi Jennifer , Ntodie Michael , KA Morny Enyam
Published: September 2020

Background: Ocular injury is a major cause of ocular morbidity and unilateral visual impairment and represents a consid- erable public health concern especially in low resource societies.

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiology and visual outcomes of ocular injuries in southern Ghana.

Methods: A retrospective hospital-based case series was conducted. Information on new cases of ocular injuries were re- trieved and parameters including time between injury occurrence and reporting to the clinic, presenting visual acuity (VA), and the best corrected final VA were investigated and visual outcomes were assessed.

Results: Most (50.2%) of the patients reported to the hospital after a day of sustaining an ocular injury; workplace injuries, older patients and farm-related injuries were most likely to report after a day of sustaining an injury. A significant proportion (40.4%) of patients reported with good presenting vision (6/6-6/18) which increased to 56.7% after treatment; 45.3% of patients reported with visual impairment (<6/18) and reduced to 42.4% after treatment. Farming (AOR = 4.5, p = 0.02), reporting after a day of sustaining injury (AOR = 78, p< 0.001), workplace injuries (AOR = 3.1, p = 0.007) and roadside injuries (AOR = 3.1, p = 0.02) were associated with poor visual outcomes. Initial VA 6/18 or better was the highest predictor of good visual outcome.

Conclusion: There is a shift in the pattern of ocular injury occurrence from work-related to home- related.

Keywords: Epidemiology; visual outcome; ocular injuries; incidence; Ghana.
Effect of interleukins (IL-2, IL-15, IL-18) on receptors activation and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in breast cancer cell
Authors: Widowati Wahyu , K Jasaputra Diana , B Sumitro Sutiman , A Widodo Mochammad , Mozef Tjandrawati , Rizal Rizal , Sari W Kusuma Hanna , R Laksmitawati Dian , Murti Harry , Bachtiar Indra , Faried Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Metastasis in BC is caused by immuno- surveillance deficiency, such NK cell maturation, low NK activity and decreasing cytotoxicity. This study was performed to improve activating receptors and cytotoxicity of NK cells using interleukins (ILs).

Methods: Human recombinant IL-2, -15, and -18 were used to induce NK cells. We measured the activating and inhibiting receptors, proliferation activity of NK cells, and the cytotoxicity of NK cells on BC cells (MCF7). The effects of ILs were tested on the NK cell receptors CD314, CD158a and CD107a with flowcytometry, proliferation at various incubation times with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and concen- trations of TNF-α and IFN-γ by NK cells with ELISA.

Results: ILs increased NK cell receptor levels (CD314, CD158a, and CD107a) at 24 hours of incubation. ILs increased NK cell viability, which increased with longer incubation. Moreover, ILs-induced NK cells inhibited proliferation in MCF7 cells, as well as increased TNF-α, IFN-γ, PRF1 and GzmB secretion.

Conclusion: IL-2, IL-15, and IL-18 improved activating receptors and proliferation of NK cells. IL-induced NK cells in- creased TNF-α, IFN-γ, PRF1 and GzmB secretion and cytotoxic activity on BC cells. High NK cell numbers increased BC cell growth inhibition.

Keywords: Activator; breast cancer; interleukins; natural killer; receptor.