bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bringing Financial Statements in Line with International Standards: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Turgunovich Mamajonov Akrаmjon
Published: October 2024

Improving financial openness and international economic cooperation requires the adoption of international financial reporting standards, or IFRS. There have been attempts in Uzbekistan to adopt IFRS for national financial reporting, specifically for the balance sheet or "statement of financial position." The structure and content of financial reports still need to be fully harmonized to match worldwide standards, notwithstanding legislative measures. By offering workable ways to improve the precision and conformance of financial statements, this study fills in the gaps. The study provides suggestions for enhancing the structure and interpretation of balance sheets using techniques including induction, deduction, and comparative analysis, which have important ramifications for both domestic businesses and foreign investors.
Hidden obstacles of breastfeeding for moving populations in the Mediterranean region
Authors: Moustakas Dimitrios C. , Diamantoudis Sotirios C. , Dafni Marianna-Foteini , Vasileiou Maria , Bani Alexia , Karaoulani Christina
Published: October 2024

In 2024, the world is essentially at war across multiple geographical fronts, with conflicts and crises affecting populations and displacement situations on a global scale. The review focuses on the unspoken challenges to breastfeeding that migrating communities in the Mediterranean region experience. Even though breastfeeding is universally acknowledged to have positive effects on the health of both mothers and infants, women in these groups face numerous obstacles, because of their living situations, restricted access to healthcare, cultural differences, and psychological hurdles. The challenges encompass inadequate breastfeeding areas, challenges with preserving breast milk, and the effects of stress and trauma on mental health. These factors impair maternal physical and mental well-being, make it more difficult to provide a healthy diet for their infants, and raise health risks. To address these issues, the study recommends multifaceted solutions such educational initiatives, supportive legislation, and access to lactation consultants. To encourage breastfeeding among migrant groups, there's also a need for culturally competent care and advancements in maternal mental health.
Suckers and Free Riders: The Determinants of Military Burden-Sharing in the Russo-Ukrainian War
Authors: Massie Justin , Tallova Barbora
Published: October 2024

The distribution of military assistance to Ukraine shows significant free riding, but not necessarily from the usual suspects. Relative to GDP, small allies such as Estonia, Denmark, and Sweden have taken on a much greater share of the military burden in Ukraine than larger allies such as the United States, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom. Even in absolute terms, Denmark and the Netherlands have contributed more military aid than G7 countries like France, Italy, and Canada. What explains such discrepancies? This paper analyzes why some Western allies militarily support Ukraine more than others. It examines the provision of military aid to Ukraine by Western allies from January 2022 to June 2024 and assesses whether the determinants of support at the onset of war are the same as those accounting for enduring support in a protracted conflict. The paper finds that while a balanced mixture of interest-based, non-material, and domestic factors best explains the variation in military support to Ukraine during the first year of the war, non-material factors lose some significance in the second period. While geographic proximity remains a consistent factor, the significance of oil dependence, executive autonomy, and government ideology has evolved, suggesting that countries are adapting their foreign policies in response to the ongoing conflict. Considering the discrepancy between the two examined periods, the paper calls for further theory development to understand burden-sharing at later stages of the war in Ukraine and armed conflicts in general.
Synthetic Data in Communication Sciences and Disorders: Promoting an Open, Reproducible, and Cumulative Science
Authors: Borders James C , Thompson Austin , Kearney Elaine
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Reproducibility is a core principle of science and access to a study’s data is essential to reproduce its findings. However, data sharing is uncommon in the field of Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD), often due to concerns related to privacy and disclosure risks. Synthetic data offers a potential solution to this barrier by generating artificial datasets that do not represent real individuals yet retain statistical properties and relationships from the original data. This study evaluates the performance of synthetic data generation using open data from previously published studies across the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) ‘Big Nine’ domains.Method: Open datasets were obtained from previously published research within the ASHA domains of articulation, cognition, communication, fluency, hearing, language, social communication, voice and resonance, and swallowing. Synthetic datasets were generated with the synthpop R package. Inferential statistics (p-values) and effect sizes from synthetic datasets were compared to those from the original datasets.Results: Synthetic datasets maintained the direction of p-values in six out of the nine studies and effect size categorizations in five studies. In cases where synthetic datasets did not maintain 95% of the inferential or effect size results, the absolute mean difference between synthetic and original datasets was relatively low, suggesting that the distribution of results from synthetic datasets closely approximated the alpha or effect size categorization threshold.Conclusion: Findings suggest that synthetic data can effectively maintain statistical properties and relationships across a wide range of data commonly seen in the field of CSD. While some studies with fewer observations than recommended (i.e., n < 130) showed lower agreement and greater variability in p-values and effect size estimates, this was not consistently appreciated. Therefore, researchers who use synthetic data should assess its stability in preserving their results. This study concludes with a general framework on sharing open data to facilitate computational reproducibility and foster a cumulative science in the field of CSD.
Adaptive Gradient Enhancement for Optimizing Large Language Models: An Empirical Study on Open Source Architectures
Authors: Kingston Rosa , Johnson William , Murphy George , Williams Matthew , Brown Christopher
Published: October 2024

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence has underscored the need for more efficient training methodologies capable of overcoming the limitations posed by traditional optimization techniques. Introducing a novel approach that adapts the momentum of gradient updates during training presents a significant advancement, addressing challenges such as instability and suboptimal convergence rates that often hinder the performance of complex models. Through comprehensive experiments, the proposed technique demonstrates superior efficiency in learning, reduced training times, and enhanced generalization capabilities across diverse datasets, ultimately fostering a more robust framework for model optimization. The implications of this work extend beyond immediate performance improvements, paving the way for future explorations into scalable training solutions that can accommodate increasingly intricate architectures in the field of deep learning.
The effectiveness of a nation-wide implemented fall prevention intervention in reducing falls and fall-related injuries among community-dwelling older adults with an increased risk of falls: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: van Gameren Maaike , Voorn Paul Benjamin , Bossen Daniël , Frazer Sanne , Bosmans Judith , Visser Bart , Pijnappels Mirjam
Published: October 2024

BackgroundFall prevention programs have been proven effective in reducing falls and fall-related injuries in specific target groups and settings. However, implementing these programs on a larger scale often requires adjustments for feasibility. This study assessed the effectiveness of a nationally implemented fall prevention intervention compared to usual care in community-dwelling older adults. MethodsThis single-blinded, multicentre randomized controlled trial included 264 community-dwelling non- and pre-frail adults, aged 65 years or older with an increased fall risk. The intervention group participated in the In Balance intervention and the control group received general physical activity recommendations. Primary outcomes were the number of falls and fall-related injuries over 12 months. Secondary outcomes included the Timed Up and Go and Four Stage Balance Test, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. We imputed missing data by multiple imputation, and analysed outcomes using generalized linear- and linear mixed-effects models. Analyses were done for the total group and stratified for frailty status.ResultsThe mean number of falls per person over 12 months was not statistically different between the intervention and control group (respectively 1.67 (SE 0.24) and 1.98 (0.37); incidence rate ratio 0.85 (95% CI 0.51-1.43)), nor the mean number of fall-related injuries (respectively 0.70 (SE 0.11) and 0.97 (0.18); incidence rate ratio 0.73 (95% CI 0.44-1.19)). Secondary outcomes also showed no significant differences between group, frailty status and over time.ConclusionsAlthough the number of falls and fall-related injuries was lower among In Balance participants, and balance, mobility, physical function, and emotional well-being improved, these differences were not statistically significant. Impact statementThe implemented In Balance program appears to be less effective than a priori assumed, possibly due to insufficient adherence to the program in practice.
Adaptive Behavioral Signature Profiling (ABSP) for Ransomware Detection: A Novel Machine-Learning Approach
Authors: Skjens Daniel , Wilson Benjamin , Moore Charlotte , Robinson Alexander , Harris Christopher
Published: October 2024

The escalating frequency and sophistication of ransomware attacks have prompted an urgent need for innovative detection mechanisms capable of addressing the dynamic nature of modern cyber threats. As adversaries increasingly leverage advanced tactics to evade traditional security measures, the need for a robust solution that can adapt to evolving malware behaviors becomes paramount. The proposed Adaptive Behavioral Signature Profiling (ABSP) model introduces a novel approach that focuses on dynamic behavioral analysis to effectively identify and mitigate ransomware threats in real-time. This model distinguishes itself from existing detection methods through its ability to adaptively learn from new ransomware variants, significantly improving detection accuracy and reducing false positive rates. By employing a comprehensive framework that integrates detailed behavioral data collection and advanced machine learning techniques, ABSP enhances not only the effectiveness of ransomware detection but also provides a proactive defense strategy that evolves alongside emerging threats. Ultimately, this research contributes to the ongoing efforts in cybersecurity to develop more resilient detection mechanisms, addressing the complexities and challenges associated with contemporary ransomware landscapes.
Investigating the effects of semantic radical consistency in Chinese character naming with a corpus-based measure
Authors: Cheng Chia-Fang , Chang Ya-Ning
Published: October 2024

Semantic transparency refers to the degree to which the meaning of the whole word can be inferred from its constituents. For Chinese, semantic radicals generally carry information about the meanings of Chinese characters, and thus can be used to reflect semantic transparency of Chinese characters. For those Chinese characters having the same semantic radicals (i.e. neighbouring characters), their meanings are assumed to be semantically related to each other. However, to what extent those neighbouring characters are close in their meanings remains unclear. A conventional crowdsource approach could provide a coarse measure of semantic relationships between semantic neighbours. However, those approaches are generally limited to a small sample size of characters. Here, we proposed a corpus-based measure of semantic transparency, termed semantic radical consistency (SRC). Specifically, we utilised the Word2Vec models to construct a Chinese semantic space and quantified the SRC for 3,423 characters. To evaluate the SRC, we first conducted linear mixed-effect modelling (LMM) analyses to verify the explanatory power of SRC on a large-scale Chinese character naming RTs. Secondly, we investigated the SRC effect by conducting a word naming task based on traditional factorial designs. Both the LMM and factorial naming results demonstrated that SRC was a unique and reliable variable to account for the variance in traditional Chinese character naming RTs. The results indicated this innovative, corpus-derived SRC was able to effectively reflect the semantic transparency level by measuring semantic distances among characters in the same semantic radical category. Further investigations on the interaction between SRC and phonetic radical consistency demonstrated the cooperative nature between phonological and semantic reading pathways.
Procrastination in Humans and Machines
Authors: Sokratous Konstantina , Hintze Arend , Fitch Anderson K. , Kvam Peter D.
Published: October 2024

Successfully allocating time or resources over time is critical to achieving our goals, yet doing so optimally can be a computationally challenging problem when the available time is uncertain. In humans, this can lead to behavior like procrastination – where people over-invest in an immediately-rewarding task (e.g., play) at the expense of failing to achieve another task (e.g., work) that requires substantial investment before paying dividends. In this study, we frame procrastination as a resource allocation problem and investigate both human and machine behavior under conditions of temporal uncertainty. Human participants and machine learning models (evolutionary algorithms, reinforcement learning, and neural networks) were tasked with balancing time between an immediate-reward task and a delayed-payoff task, with varying reward functions. Our results demonstrate that both humans and machines tend to procrastinate when uncertainty aboutdeadlines or task difficulty is introduced, favoring immediate rewards despite the existence of optimal long-term strategies. Evolutionary pressures, experience-based learning, and temporal discounting exacerbated procrastination, while passive learning and explicit instruction as highlighted through neural networks can quickly approximate optimal solutions. These findings suggest that procrastination is a rational response to an intractable problem, shaped by learning, evolution, and the inherent complexity of decision-making under uncertainty.
Impossible Galaxies, the Hubble Tension and the Ricci soliton miracle
Authors: Marongwe Stuart , Kauffman Stuart
Published: October 2024

The standard model of cosmology has recently begun to show signs of internal inconsistencies under the relentless onslaught of precision data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and other space based observation platforms as well as from those on the ground. The most statistically significant tension, the so called Hubble Tension, currently stands at between 4-sigma to 6-sigma statistical significance. The JWST high resolution images have revealed mature and sometimes quenched galaxies at high redshifts (z>11) which standard cosmological models have failed to both predict and explain. This is the impossible galaxies problem. These short comings of the standard models of cosmology have led to a plethora of new models attempting to explain the inconsistencies between theory and observations. Thus far, none of them adequately address these tensions. In this article, we demonstrate that by including a Ricci soliton into Einstein’s field equations, both tensions can be adequately resolved.
Assessing the Relationships Between Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation in Influencing Self-Isolation Behaviour During Pandemics
Authors: OYEDELE Gbeminiyi Joshua , Shanker Ankit , Tildesley Michael J. , Vlaev Ivo
Published: October 2024

This study presents an analysis of the direct and indirect effects of the behavioural determinants of Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation, the necessary and sufficient conditions for any behaviour change, on self-isolation behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Uniquely, we also explore the causal interactions between these variables, unveiling the most significant contributors to individuals' decisions to self-isolate. Using a retrospective dataset from the UK Office for National Statistics' 2019 Opinion and Lifestyle Survey, we applied a sophisticated structural equation model to dissect the behavioural dynamics. Our findings are striking in that both opportunity and motivation exert a direct and significant impact on self-isolation, while capability influences behaviour indirectly through the mediating power of motivation. This pioneering analysis offers a powerful framework for future public health strategies, providing critical insights into how we can better engage the public in self-isolation behaviours to ensure more effective compliance in the face of future pandemics.
Investigating the Impact of Novel" Damper Systems in Tall Reinforced Concrete Structures to Mitigate Earthquake Forces
Authors: Hatami Dezdarani Vahid , Hossein Pour Mohammadi Mohammad
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the impact of novel damper systems on reducing seismic forces in tall, reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Due to their height and flexibility, tall buildings are highly vulnerable to severe earthquakes. The primary objective of this research is to analyze and compare the performance of three types of dampers: viscoelastic dampers, friction dampers, and tuned mass dampers (TMD) in improving the seismic behavior of tall structures. Advanced numerical methods and dynamic analyses were performed using software such as SAP2000 and ETABS to assess the effectiveness of these dampers.
Initially, three-dimensional models of RC buildings with different characteristics were designed and simulated. The dampers were installed separately and in combination within the structures, and their dynamic performance under varying seismic load intensities was evaluated. The results indicate that viscoelastic and tuned mass dampers significantly reduce the seismic response of the structures, while friction dampers demonstrate superior performance in reducing plastic deformations.
This research concludes that the use of dampers can substantially mitigate earthquake-induced damage and enhance the safety of tall RC structures. It is recommended to incorporate a combination of these dampers in the design of future tall buildings, depending on the seismic conditions and structural characteristics.
Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Mechanical Properties of Materials
Authors: De Los Santos Alejandro
Published: October 2024

This paper is a simple explanation on how nanotechnology has impacted the mechanical properties of materials and how this will impact the future of engineering. With nanotechonology becoming more and more advanced, one day we may see a world strucuted around the use of nanotechnology.
《自演化形式》（Self-evolution Form）
Authors: HuaZQi
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses how natural selection and seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages promote the evolution of adaptive and negative feedback structure under the framework of self-evolution theory, and make the entity structure gradually complicated to simulate and cope with natural changes. This process involves the modeling and transformation of the entity itself and the environment, as well as the promotion of the adaptive level and knowledge dimension. The self-evolution process is based on the interaction between entity and ontology, from the basic physical structure to the complex biological and intelligent structure, and each stage has its own specific adaptation and evolution mechanism. Keywords: evolution; Natural selection; Adaptive structure; Self-evolution theory
Computational modeling of interpersonal dynamics in psychopathology: A systematic review and agenda for future work
Authors: Zavlis Orestis , Story Giles W , Fonagy Peter , Moutoussis Michael
Published: October 2024

Interpersonal dynamics have long been acknowledged as instrumental to the generation and alleviation of psychopathology problems. Recent computational approaches have been argued to be uniquely suited for investigating such dynamics either with exploratory models (machine learning) or confirmatory models (generative modeling). However, the utility of such models to the study of interpersonal problems has not yet been scrutinized. We thus conducted a systematic review to assess the validity, reliability, and openness of computational models to the study of interpersonal psychopathology problems. Candidate studies (n = 2,944), including peer-reviewed conference manuscripts, were derived from five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Google Scholar) up to September 2024. A total of 55 studies met inclusion criteria and were assessed for their computational approach, validity, reliability, and openness. Results indicated that Bayesian modeling was the most commonly used approach (k=19), followed by machine learning (k=16), dynamical systems modeling (k=10), and reinforcement learning (k=10). Quality assessments revealed considerable heterogeneity in the validity of these approaches, with some scoring high primarily on empirical validity (reinforcement learning), others on theoretical validity (dynamical systems), and yet others on generative validity (Bayesian models). Finally, and most strikingly, few studies reported comprehensive performance metrics and even fewer studies adopted open science practices (specifically, 2 pre-registered their hypotheses and 8 shared their data and code online). We discuss these matters and conclude with more optimistic messages regarding how, when rigorously and openly conducted, computational approaches have the potential to advance the field of interpersonal psychopathology by enabling us to formalize and examine historically elusive social concepts (like mental representations of the self and others) and their role in psychopathology problems.
Emotional responses to music are shaped by acoustic features, individual differences, and contextual factors
Authors: Yurdum Lidya , Mehr Samuel A , Kamiloglu Roza Gizem , Sauter Disa
Published: October 2024

Listening to and making music is often a distinctly emotional experience. We hear emotions when we listen to music, and music also gives rise to emotional reactions. In recent decades, the relationship between music and emotion has become the focus of psychological research. This chapter introduces psychological perspectives on this topic. We discuss how and why people might respond to music emotionally, and the implications for cross-cultural universality, as well as individual differences. We end by outlining three promising avenues for future research: (1) investigating individual differences in emotional responses to music, (2) leveraging citizen science to improve estimates of cross-cultural similarities, and (3) broadening our understanding of the diverse contexts in which emotional responses to music occur, through naturalistic data collection methods. The growing literature and new advances offer valuable insights into the individual, cultural, and contextual nuances that shape how music moves us.
A Critical Appraisal of Current Adaptive Behavior Measurement in Comprehensive Intensive Behavioral Intervention Outcome Assessment
Authors: Frazier Thomas
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This critical review examines the application of two commonly-used adaptive functioning measures, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales – Third Edition (Vineland-3) and the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System – Third Edition (ABAS-3), to the behavioral intervention context. The review focuses on periodic outcome and treatment planning assessment in people with autism spectrum disorder receiving comprehensive and intensive behavioral intervention (CIBI) programs. Methods: Instrument technical manuals were reviewed and a PubMed search was used to identify published manuscripts that included the Vineland-3 and ABAS-3 as a primary focus with relevance to development, psychometric properties, or measure interpretation. Results: Analysis begins by introducing the roles of periodic outcome assessment for CIBI programs. Next, the Vineland-3 and ABAS-3 are evaluated in terms of their development processes, psychometric characteristics, and practical aspects of their implementation to inform everyday practice. Examination of each measure’s development indicates that they were not specifically designed for use with individuals with autism spectrum disorder or within CIBI programs. Furthermore, the evidence for several key psychometric characteristics is either unavailable or suggests less than desirable properties, while evaluation of practical considerations for implementation revealed weaknesses in ongoing intervention monitoring and clinical decision support. Conclusions: The Vineland-3 and ABAS-3 have significant weaknesses relevant to their application in CIBI outcome assessment. Alternative approaches are offered, including developing and adopting measures specifically developed for individuals with autism spectrum disorder and the CIBI intervention context.
Self-evolution Form
Authors: HuaZQi
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses how natural selection and seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages promote the evolution of adaptive and negative feedback structure under the framework of self-evolution theory, and make the entity structure gradually complicated to simulate and cope with natural changes. This process involves the modeling and transformation of the entity itself and the environment, as well as the promotion of the adaptive level and knowledge dimension. The self-evolution process is based on the interaction between entity and ontology, from the basic physical structure to the complex biological and intelligent structure, and each stage has its own specific adaptation and evolution mechanism. Keywords: evolution; Natural selection; Adaptive structure; Self-evolution theory
पाठक प्रतिक्रिया समालोचनाको सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणा
Authors: Neupane Pashupati
Published: October 2024

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा पाठक प्रतिक्रिया समालोचनाको सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणाबारे चर्चा गरिएको छ । पाठक प्रतिक्रिया समालोचनाको सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणा के–कस्तो छ र कसरी पाठक प्रतिक्रिया समालोचना गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने मूल शोधप्रश्नमा केन्द्रित भई यस अध्ययनलाई पूर्ण गरिएको छ । खास गरी रुसी रूपवाद र नवसमालोचनाको प्रतिवाद गर्दै पाठक प्रतिक्रिया समालोचना सिद्धान्त अस्तित्वमा आएको हो । पाठकको अन्तरक्रिया पाठसँग हुन्छ र पाठकले नै पाठ अनि लेखकलाई अस्तित्त्वमा ल्याउँछ भन्नु यसको मर्म हो । यसले किन, कहिले र कहाँ पाठ पढियो भन्ने कुराको विशेष रूपमा परीक्षण गर्छ । साहित्यिक लेखहरू मानवीय सिर्जना हुन् र तिनलाई निर्माण गर्ने अनि अर्थ प्रदान गर्ने काम पाठकहरूले गर्दछन् भन्नु नै यसको ठोस अवधारणा हो । पाठकले आफ्नो प्रतिक्रिया निश्चित अवस्था र समुदायसँग सम्बन्धित भएर दिन्छ । किताबको उत्पत्ति एक साहित्यिक कार्यका रूपमा पाठ र पाठकहरू बिचको लेनदेनबाट हुन्छ र यस प्रक्रियामा दुवै पक्ष उत्तिकै सक्रिय र महत्त्वपूर्ण हुन्छन् भन्ने धारणा कारोबारी पाठक प्रतिक्रिया सिद्धान्तको छ । भावात्मक शैलीविज्ञानमा अध्ययनको प्रक्रियाले पाठकलाई कसरी असर पार्छ अनि यसरी अध्ययन गर्दा किन पाठका हरफ हरफ र शब्द शब्द अध्ययन गर्नु आवश्यक छ भन्ने कुरामा जोड दिइन्छ । पाठक प्रतिक्रिया समलोचना गर्ने पद्धतितर्फ सङ्केत गर्दै समालोचनामा पाठक केन्द्रीत दृष्टिकोणको स्थापना पाठक प्रतिक्रिया समालोचनाले गरेको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष यस अध्ययनले दिएको छ ।
अशोक विनायक (मरुगणेश) पुस्तक समीक्षा
Authors: Bajracharya Chunda
Published: October 2024

अशोक विनायक अर्थात् मरु गणेश स्थापना कहिले भयो भन्ने किटान गर्न नसके पनि मल्लकालदेखि २०७५ सालसम्मको अभिलेख र प्रकाशित कृतिहरूमा वि.सं. २०२८ देखि २०७५ सालसम्मको पुस्तक र पत्रपत्रिका समावेश गरिएको छ । पुस्तकमा जान्ने बुझ्ने व्यक्तिसँगको अन्तरर्वार्ता २०७५ सम्मको समावेश छ । प्रकाशित सामग्री र अन्तवार्ता बाहेक मरु गणेश र मरु गणेशसँग सम्बन्धित घर, गणेशहरू, इन्द्रजात्रामा प्रदर्शित गर्ने इन्द्र, पञ्जराँसँग सम्बन्धित दिपंकर बुद्ध र कङ्ग अजिमासम्म सबै अवलोकन गरेर पुस्तक तयार पारिएको छ । पुस्तकमा मरु गणेश वडा १९ मा अवस्थित भएको र मरु गणेशको घर र अन्य गतिविधि वडा २० मा हुने उल्लेख छ । जस्तो— गणेशको घर, इन्द्रजात्रामा प्रदर्शित गर्ने इन्द्र, मरुसत्तल अगाडि काठ राखेर पञ्जराँ दिने कार्य वडा २० मा पर्दछ ।
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Third Wave of Coronavirus Pandemic among the Community People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Pasa Rajan Binayek , Khatri Bishnu Bahadur , Khanal Shanti Prasad , Teijlingen Edwin van , Adhikari Devendra
Published: October 2024

Background: Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is a massive global health crisis. This paper aims to describe knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding Coronavirus pandemic among the community people residing in Kathmandu Valley.
Methods: We have applied cross-sectional study design in which required data were collected from 312 sample households using accidental sampling procedure. We applied self-administered hand given questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha 0.97) consisting 105 items variables (35 each for KAP) on a six-point Likert scale, from 0(not applicable) to 5(strongly agree).
Results: The study found that summative values of attitude (x̄ 3.71-3.97) and practices (x̄ 3.70-4.12) found comparatively weaker than knowledge (x̄ 3.09-4.24). About 124(39.7%) respondents have associated comorbidities allied with social distancing, masking/globing behavior, hand washing and sanitizing, physical exercise, PCR test/vaccination, health seeking behavior. KAP index is largely defined by variable family monthly expenditure on food/vegetable and their KAP index was significantly higher than others. However, presence of family members suffered from COVID-19 has negatively contributed to the KAP index.
Conclusion: The denser views on KAP are the consistently with closer to agree and strongly agree points. KAP index found significant but skewed to left for Kirtipur and skewed to right for Lalitpur and Suryabinayak.
Novelty: The municipal governments have been offering efficient and dedicated health services to the community people. However, knowledge, attitude and practices among the community people of residing in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur found different. Therefore, the results of the study are valuable to policy makers and planners especially in the areas of healthcare and public health during pandemics.
Tritrophic interactions between fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae), their hosts and parasitoids in the main fruit production regions of Uruguay
Authors: Calvo Silvera María Victoria , González Ritzel Andrés , Garcia Flávio Roberto Mello
Published: October 2024

Fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) cause severe damage to fruit production in Uruguay. Understanding the tritrophic interactions between Tephritidae, their hosts and their natural enemies, as well as determining the volatile compounds that mediate these interactions, would provide knowledge to manage this group. The objectives of this thesis were to prospect the species of fruit flies present in the country, their parasitoids, and the establishment of hosts. Also, to determine the population fluctuation of C. capitata and A. fraterculus. Finally, to study the trophic interactions of fruit flies and its native hosts, to identify the volatiles produced by native host and their role as host location chemical cues. To do this, McPhail traps and fruit collections carried out in native and productive ecosystems in northern and southern Uruguay. The volatile compounds that mediate the interactions in a native system A. fraterculus and two hosts, Acca sellowiana and Psidium cattleianum, were also studied. As part of the results, new fruit fly species were registered: Anastrepha dissimilis, Anastrepha nigra, Anastrepha australis, Anastrepha littoralis, Neosilba pradoi and Diasiopos frieseni and the parasitoids Opius bellus, Utetes anastrephae, Doryctobracon areolatus and Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Ceratitis performs best in disturbed agroecosystems while A. fraterculus adapts better to ecosystems with little anthropogenic intervention. The immature and mature fruits of A. sellowiana and P. cattleianum showed differences in their volatile profiles, and they were attractive to mated females of A. fraterculus. This suggests that volatile organic compounds may be a reliable host location signal for the insect, with potential use as attractant for the management of this species.
Determination of stability indicators as the main criteria for assessing the development of special endurance of cadets
Authors: Arkhypov O.A.
Published: October 2024

The paper investigates the main biomechanical indicators of the statokinesiogram to assess the coordination criteria of resistance before and after load in physical training classes of cadets of Military Higher Education Institutions (VHE), as well as the registration of posture indicators that characterize the development of the main muscles of the trunk, i.e.: amplitude- frequency, vector and integral indicators of oscillations of the general center of mass. Back in the 20th century, the Hungarian physician Romberg introduced into clinical practice the observation of the upright position of the body and developed a method for assessing the degree of body oscillation and tremor of the limbs. He found that the assessment of the vertical position of the body due to quantitative biomechanical stability criteria is an important indicator of the functional state of the cadets' body and their health [3; 4; 5;7;10].
In the practice of physical training, various static positions and postures are often encountered. Such static positions include various racks, hangs, stops in gymnastic exercises, starting positions in athletics, swimming and other sports, postures of weightlifters, shooters, etc. The role of these positions and postures as elements of sports technique can be completely different if we consider their main three phases - initial, intermediate and final. Depending on which of these phases the studied static posture belongs to, it is possible to specifically assess its role in the effective solution of the motor task. The significant role of static positions and postures in sports is also evidenced by the fact that in competitions for the court, the girls' rules regulate the fixation of static postures [ 1, 2, 8, 9, 11].
Object of research. Cadets of the main group of 1-4 courses with an average level of development of physical condition (Fig. 1).
Subject of research. Oscillations of the CMR of the body during stabilometry, where the leading human sensory systems: vestibular, proprioceptive and visual systems unequally integrate their contribution.
As a result of the research, the leading role of proprioceptive, amplitude-frequency characteristics of CMR oscillations in the control of equilibrium has been proved, which is confirmed by the studies of M.O. Bernstein (1947), V.S. Gurfinkel (1965-1980), Bretz (1993) and other specialists [3; 4; 6; 7; 9].
Thus, the stabilographic method can be useful in assessing the body's response to stress, as well as in assessing and predicting the effectiveness of the development of special endurance of cadets in various conditions of professional activity.
Actual problems of physical education of school- aged children in the conditions of an inclusive environment
Authors: Bondar Taras , Melnyk Diana , Holub Victor , Bondar Anastasiia
Published: October 2024

The article examines the results of an analysis of statistical data from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine on the state of inclusive education in general secondary education institutions, as well as current issues in the physical education of children with special educational needs (SEN). The study uses official reports from 2020 to 2023, along with data on access to inclusive education for children with SEN in the Lviv and Ternopil regions.
It has been established that over the past four years, Ukraine has seen an increasing trend in the number of children with special educational needs involved in the educational process in general secondary education institutions, rising from 0.45% in 2020 to 0.89% in 2023.
However, pedagogical approaches for each specific type of developmental disorder among children with SEN, considering their level of support and educational-methodical provision in physical education, have not been developed.
Moreover, there is a pressing issue of staffing and the need to train physical education specialists for inclusive education.
Formation of a healthy lifestyle of high school students using the «Fitness Mix» means
Authors: Holovchenko M. V.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the importance of developing a healthy lifestyle among high school girls and the role of the "Fitness Mix" methodology in this process. The study explores the use of "Fitness Mix" as an innovative tool for enhancing physical activity levels, improving performance, and promoting overall health among adolescents. It emphasizes how combining different types of physical activities, such as aerobics, strength training, and stretching, can be integrated into physical education classes to achieve comprehensive results. In addition to physical exercises, the article highlights the importance of the theoretical component, which includes principles of healthy eating, regular sleep and rest routines, prevention of harmful habits, and maintaining mental health. Special attention is given to the analysis of scientific research and practical examples that confirm the effectiveness of using fitness technologies in schools. Alternatives to traditional modular physical education programs are discussed, broadening the opportunities for educating and developing adolescents. The study emphasizes the need to consider individual student characteristics when designing exercise programs, ensuring optimal results and maintaining motivation for regular physical activity. The article also provides recommendations for educators and trainers on implementing «Fitness Mix» into the school curriculum to promote the development of sustainable healthy lifestyle habits among youth. A range of examples is analyzed regarding the combination of different types of physical activity, specifically aerobics, strength exercises, stretching, etc., with an additional focus on important aspects such as healthy eating principles, sleep and rest routines, prevention of harmful habits, and mental health preservation. The importance of considering the individual characteristics of students when designing exercise programs is underscored.
Analysis of the organization and conduct of sports events in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the armed forces of the leading states – NATO member states with military personnel with limited functional capabilities
Authors: Kostiv S.F. , Bondar D.O.
Published: October 2024

During the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, defending their country from the aggressor, received injuries of various degrees of severity, including amputation of limbs. After receiving injuries and wounds, servicemen go through significant psychological and physical disorders, which are difficult for them to deal with alone. Therefore, with the specified category of servicemen, it is necessary to carry out medical, psychological, and physical rehabilitation, as well as to develop programs for their adaptation to civilian life with the mandatory involvement of them in sports events. The Russian-Ukrainian war leads to an increase in the number of servicemen with limited functional capabilities. This indicates the search for optimal ways of their adaptation to the normal conditions of existence and functioning in the social environment and among the collective of their units and parts. Unfortunately, historical analysis shows that our servicemen with limited functional capabilities are in urgent need of social adaptation, especially with the start of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine since 2014, in connection with Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine. That is why various sports federations, public organizations and active public figures in Ukraine hold competitions involving servicemen with limited functional capabilities, namely; "National Invincible Games", "Strong of Ukraine", "Kyiv Unbreakable", "Hero Games", "Veteran Ten", "Invincible Cup" football, "Strong of Ukraine", "I am your hand" and others. According to the results of the performances, the best athletes with disabilities represent our country at international level competitions, such as the Invictus Games.
Peculiarities of determining the level of physical fitness of female servicemen
Authors: Pidleteychyk R. V.
Published: October 2024

As a result of a theoretical study and an analysis of normative levels of physical fitness in the Armed Forces, initial data were formed regarding the specifics of determining the assessment of physical fitness of female servicemen.
The physical training program was studied in terms of the number of exercises that are provided for female servicemen as a control and check in comparison with the programs that are used to assess the physical fitness of male servicemen.
It has been established that there are qualifying exercises for female servicemen that have simplified performance conditions compared to similar exercises for men.
The non-uniformity of the requirements for the physical fitness of female servicemen compared to the requirements for male servicemen has been confirmed.
The experience of NATO countries in the organization of physical training and determining the assessment of the physical readiness of female servicemen is analyzed. Attention has been sharpened on possible prerequisites for improper performance of official duties and injuries during the performance of official duties.
Physical fitness as a component of students' psychological readiness to serve in the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Authors: Pichurin Valerii
Published: October 2024

Introduction and purpose of the study. An important task of physical education is a timely response to the needs of society. In the context of the full-scale war unleashed against Ukraine by the Russian Federation, the problem of psychological preparation of conscripts for service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine has become especially relevant. The author proceeds from the fact that he considers physical fitness as an important factor in the psychological readiness of students for service in the armed forces. The purpose of the study is to test the hypothesis about the positive impact of physical fitness on the psychological readiness of students to serve in the ranks of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Material and methods. The study involved 29 students of the Dnipro National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan. Diagnostics of physical fitness was carried out using the tests proposed in the State Tests and Standards for Assessing the Physical Fitness of the Population of Ukraine. To diagnose psychological characteristics, appropriate methods of psychological diagnosis were used. Results. The relationship between the indicators of physical fitness and a number of personality characteristics that determine the psychological readiness of students for service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine has been established. Conclusions. Physical fitness of students is a factor that significantly affects such components of psychological readiness for service in the armed forces as selectivity of attention, concentration and stability of attention, personal anxiety, tolerance to uncertainty, volitional qualities of the individual.
Informatization of the professional training of future teachers of physical education in the conditions of distance education
Authors: Tymoshenko Oleksii
Published: October 2024

The article shows the importance of the use of new information technologies in the process of professional training of future teachers of physical education at the current stage of the development of society in the conditions of distance learning. The main directions and tasks regarding the use of info-communication and multimedia learning tools in the professional training of students from the specialty 014 Secondary education are defined. (physical culture). The educational component "sports-pedagogical informatics" was introduced into the educational process, the curriculum and diagnostic technology for assessing success according to the modular rating system for this course were developed. It has been established that the implementation of such innovative tasks in full will make it possible to significantly optimize the professional training of future specialists in the conditions of distance learning and to quickly integrate into the European educational space. In addition, the main stages of the introduction of computer and multimedia tools into the educational process of future teachers of physical culture are determined. The justified need to introduce the educational component "Sports and pedagogical informatics" into the educational process of students from the specialty 014 Secondary education (physical culture). Carrying out such innovative tasks in full will make it possible to significantly optimize the professional training of students in the specialty 014 Secondary education (physical education) in the conditions of distance learning.
OPTIMAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR MAINTAINING HEALTHY SKELETAL MUSCLE FUNCTIONING IN ADULT ATHLETES WITH T1DM
Authors: Serputko Olha , Grabovskyi Iurii , Hlukhova Anna , Yudina Natalia , Stepanyuk Svetlana
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes various types of physical activity to find the best option for maintaining healthy skeletal muscle function in adult athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Regular exercise is shown to effectively normalize their condition, while muscle training improves glucose absorption without insulin, significantly increasing muscle sensitivity both during and after exercise.
The study highlights that proper blood sugar control and avoiding hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during structured physical activity are crucial for managing insulin-dependent athletes. Exercise effects vary based on the sport, intensity, and individual factors influenced by external and internal conditions.
The research stresses setting realistic goals for athletes with T1DM to ensure positive outcomes, focusing on avoiding stress. The study also explores physiological responses to different exercises and offers individual or group training recommendations that balance muscle training, condition management, socialization, and a normal lifestyle.