bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reescritura de mitos aborígenes en dos novelas de la primera mitad del siglo XX: Hombres de maíz de M.A. Asturias y Macunaíma de Mário de Andrade
Authors: García Mariano
Published: July 2019

La cultura americana, prototipo de cultura híbrida, es un punto de confluencia inestable entre las tradiciones previas y posteriores a la conquista. En Hombres de maíz (1949) Asturias emplea el corpus mítico de los ancestros: los Libros de Chilam Balam, los Anales de los cakchiqueles y los Himnos de los Dioses recogidos por Sahagún, y ese gran relato mítico que es el Popol-Vuh, revelando hasta qué punto se implican y se reflejan las antiguas estructuras del mito y las modernas técnicas narrativas. Antes de los experimentos de Asturias con los mitos de su tierra, en plena efervescencia del primitivismo estético, Mário de Andrade publicaba su rapsódica Macunaíma. O herói sen nenhum caráter (1928). En su uso del mito, esta novela refleja el contexto modernista que se volcó al repaso paródico, pero que también supo explorar sus aspectos trágicos.
Reseña: "Con hambre y sin dinero" (2017) de Ena Lucía Portela
Authors: Bello Valdés Mayerín
Published: July 2019

Reseña: Con hambre y sin dinero (2017) de Ena Lucía Portela
LASY Z UDZIALEM LIMBY (Pinus cembra L.) W GORGANACH (KARPATY WSCHODNIE, UKRAINA)
Authors: Tretyak Platon , Pozynytch Iryna , Savytska Anastasiia , Boychuk Ihor
Published: July 2019

The article present results of the research on the location and structure of forests, where the Pinus cembra trees grow. Surface structures were measured according to stand age classes and habitat categories. The total surface of plots, where old-age forests grow was summed up. The species composition of forest stands and plant communities on the whole is generalized. The values of forest plots areas in which the Pinus cembra trees constitute part of the volume of stands of 10%, 20% or more are summarized. To preserve the Pinus cembra population, it is recommended to expand the network of protected areas.
WYSTĘPOWANIE LOBELII JEZIORNEJ (Lobelia dortmanna L.) W JEZIORACH NA TERENIE NADLEŚNICTWA KOŚCIERZYNA NA TLE ZMIENNYCH WARUNKÓW KLIMATYCZNYCH W LATACH 2012-2017
Authors: Nawrocka-Grześkowiak Urszula , Frydel Krzysztof
Published: July 2019

The objects of research, which was carried out in the Pomeranian Lakeland in the Kościerzyna Forest District, were lakes with Lake Lobelia (Lobelia dortmanna). The most numerous lobelias are found in Lake Małe Oczko, where almost the entire shore grows (80%). The threat to this species is overgrowth of the banks, change in the chemical composition of waters, tourism and the changing level of the water table. Lowering the water level due to the reduced amount of precipitation and drought causes the death of the exposed rosettes and plants.
Empirické zkoumání metodologie interpretace práva
Authors: Malaník Michal
Published: July 2019

Tento článek se zaobírá možnostmi empirického zkoumání v oblasti metodologie interpretace práva. Stručně pojednává o úrovni zkoumání ve světové i tuzemské odborné literatuře a informuje o nejpodstatnějších zahraničních výzkumech na toto téma. Přestože je primární zájem kladen na interpretaci práva v rámci aplikačního procesu, tedy zejména jakým způsobem se dají zkoumat interpretační postupy soudců, článek nezapomíná i na fázi právotvorby, kde je nutno o chápání interpretačních metod uvažovat také. Článek také nabízí vybrané výsledky z pilotního výzkumu, který byl proveden s několika soudci Nejvyššího soudu.
Encontrar filosofia(s) e infância(s)
Authors: Oliveira Paula Ramos de , Badia Denis Domeneghetti , Fávari Cesira Elisa , Sônego Edileia Pereira
Published: July 2019

Este texto busca pensar algumas possibilidades de unir “filosofia” e “infância” em dois momentos: o primeiro é teórico e o segundo traz propostas de trabalho em torno da temática. Na parte teórica, apresentamos a proposta de Matthew Lipman que tornou possível levar a filosofia às crianças. Na sequência apontamos as contribuições de outras áreas para pensar a infância: em P. Ariès vemos que o conceito de infância nem sempre existiu; Postman nos indica que vivemos o processo de adultização das crianças e o de infantilização dos adultos; Clarice Cohn mostra, com seu estudo dos Xikrin, que o conceito de infância pode não existir em certas sociedades; Walter Kohan pensa o tempo como intensidade (aión) e não somente como cronologia (chrónos), nos remetendo a um novo olhar para a infância; Larrosa trata da alteridade da infância, e da necessidade de entendê-la como um enigma. Por fim, olhamos para a criança como aquela que filosofa e que olha para a filosofia. Na parte dois apresentamos três atividades (carta, fotos, poesia, pintura, e fragmentos de Heráclito) propostas como experiências que tornem possível problematizar as relações entre filosofia e infância.
CONSTRUÇÃO E LEGITIMAÇÃO DE UM CAMPO DO SABER: O DESIGN DE MODA NO BRASIL
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Queiroz Cyntia Tavares Marques de
Published: July 2019

Este artigo busca refletir o processo de construção e legitimação de um campo do saber acadêmico, particularmente o campo do Design de Moda, que surge no Brasil a partir de 2004, quando o Ministério da Educação instituiu que todos os cursos de moda do país deveriam se enquadrar ao campo do Design, orientando-se por suas respectivas diretrizes curriculares. Apresenta também como esse processo ocorreu no Brasil, em aceites e resistências. Utilizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e a entrevista como principal fonte dos dados que nortearam as nossas reflexões acerca do tema. Os resultados apontaram um campo ainda em construção, com a clara disputa de poder entre os dominantes – designers e os dominados – estilistas.
GAMIFICAÇÃO: ESTRATÉGIA DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM EM CURRÍCULO POR COMPETÊNCIAS
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Sena Taisa Vieira
Published: July 2019

A busca por excelência na graduação deve ser uma das prioridades no panorama do ensino atual. Para isso, toda comunidade acadêmica necessita estar preparada para enfrentar os desafios advindos do contexto sociocultural contemporâneo, procurando se adaptar às exigências do meio social ou alterá-las se forma positiva, quando for possível. Para tanto, é necessário levantar informações e traçar um diagnóstico das condições sociais e culturais, o envolvimento de todas as partes que constituem a universidade em um trabalho constante e duradouro que possa se converter em procedimento habitual às estratégias elaboradas coletivamente. O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir o cenário atual da educação em nível graduação e suas mudanças para um ensino por competências. São abordadas diferentes estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem com foco em metodologias para aprendizagem ativa, porém, o destaque se dá ao uso da gamificação. O texto traz ainda um relato de experiências em uma disciplina que mostra numericamente os dados positivos do uso da metodologia.
ENSINO DE ARTE: UM EXERCÍCIO SOBRE A LUZ E A SOMBRA COMO EXPERIÊNCIA POÉTICA EM SALA DE AULA
Authors:   PPGE/Mestrado - Centro Universitário Moura Lacerda.Ribeirão Preto(SP), Pereira Rita de Cassia Soares de O. Sanzzannaro , Mattos Maria de Fátima da S.C.G. de ,   Centro Universitário Moura Lacerda - CUML Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação -Mestrado
Published: July 2019

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo revelar as potencialidades do educador e do aluno, adquiridas por meio das experiências poéticas em sala de aula e, assim, evidenciar a relevância da Arte na educação. O estudo foi aplicado nas turmas de 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental I (seis anos) de uma escola privada no interior do estado de São Paulo, enfatizando o conteúdo abordado sobre a luz e a sombra, ocorrido no terceiro trimestre no ano com duração de doze aulas. Ancoramos nossa reflexão em John Dewey, Lev Vygotsky, Ana Mae Barbosa, Ana Angélica Albano, Rosa Iavelberg.
Diagnóstico da sustentabilidade de propriedades rurais produtoras de leite na microbacia do arroio da seca
Authors: Zerwes Cristian Mateus , Rempel Claudete , Silva Gustavo Rodrigo da
Published: July 2019

A produção leiteira tem papel importante na economia brasileira e gaúcha, gerando importantes retornos em impostos e na geração de renda em 205.158 estabelecimentos rurais, acrescidos ainda dos demais empregos da cadeia produtiva. No Vale do Taquari, a produção leiteira em pequenas propriedades rurais também desempenha importante papel socioeconômico, entretanto, repercute com impactos ambientais como a erosão e a contaminação das águas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo diagnosticar a sustentabilidade ambiental de propriedades rurais produtoras de leite localizadas na microbacia do Arroio da Seca, no Rio Grande do Sul, buscando incluir dados da vegetação nativa ocorrente. Utilizaram-se entrevistas, vistorias, análise de imagens de satélite e levantamento fitossociológico da vegetação arbórea para a obtenção dos dados. Estes dados foram tabulados em planilha eletrônica e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Constataram-se inadequações no manejo dos dejetos, sinais de erosão, invasão de áreas de preservação permanente e armazenamento irregular de agrotóxicos. Seis propriedades foram consideradas com sustentabilidade 'regular', cinco com 'boa' e uma com 'ruim'. Neste estudo, houve correlação média positiva, porém não significativa entre o índice de diversidade de Shannon e a pontuação de sustentabilidade. Onze propriedades se enquadraram como tendo excelente diversidade arbórea. Propõe-se a criação de software de diagnóstico de sustentabilidade para agilizar a análise e minimizar a subjetividade.
Empreendedorismo e inovação: um retrato do contexto brasileiro dos anos de 2005 a 2011
Authors: Corrêa Suelen , Rosa Neimar Ferreira Da , Severo Eliana Andréa , Rissardo Hilário , Guimarães Julio Cesar Ferro de
Published: July 2019

Os temas empreendedorismo e inovação tem sido muito discutidos na atualidade, tanto em meios acadêmicos, empresariais quanto políticos. E, embora constituam, aparentemente, conceitos diferentes, sugere-se a existência de uma relação entre eles. Assim, na tentativa de verificar a existência dessa associação, o presente estudo realizou uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, que se utilizou de dados quantitativos. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os termos empreendedorismo e inovação, embora tenham alguma proximidade, expressam conceitos diferentes. O empreendedorismo consiste no processo por meio do qual indivíduos transformam ideias em oportunidades, a fim de gerar riqueza. A inovação, por sua vez, é o processo por meio do qual novos produtos e serviços ou processos são implementados; também visa à continuidade do negócio e a geração de receita. Assim, a novidade necessária à inovação consiste na principal diferença entre os termos. Logo, pode-se afirmar que nem todos os empreendedores são inovadores, como destacado por alguns conceitos referentes ao empreendedorismo.
De la glotocronología a la filogenética: Estado de la cuestión y los nuevos desarrollos en la metodología de clasificación lingüística
Authors: Muñoz Javier
Published: July 2019

En el presente artículo tratamos de mostrar una panorámica en la evolución de los estudios y la datación de lenguas antiguas y protolenguas. La glotocronología iniciada por M. Swadesh, pese a las polémicas y críticas suscitadas, ha evolucionado enormememente gracias a la incorporación de elementos estadísticos y etimológicos. Las nuevas metodologías utilizan grandes bases de datos y métodos relacionados con la filogenética. Proyectos como Ielex, ASJP o GDL muestran la importancia de la léxico-estadística actualmente y constituyen un elemento de gran valor para los investigadores así como un campo con enormes posibilidades dentro del aula.

In this work we try to make a panoramic view of the different methodologies applied to date ancient and proto-languages. The inicial effort of M. Swadesh, highly criticised, had evolved to new methods linked with database and phylogenetics. Our goal is to show how this new methodology can help the scholar and how to apply this in a linguistics or a history of the language clashroom. Projects like Ielex, ASJP or GDL show the importance of l exicostatistics and constitute a field with a great potential in teaching and research.
De la etnolexicografía a la lexicografía crítica
Authors: Rodríguez Barcia Susana
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo se presenta y establecen los límites de la lexicografía crítica como reciente disciplina dentro del ámbito de los estudios metalexicográficos. En concreto, se enmarca en el contexto general de la etnolexicografía (Fillmore 1994; Pérez 1997, 2000, 2005; Calero Vaquera 2010) con el fin de determinar su espacio propio dentro de las investigaciones lingüísticas y de destacar su relevancia en los estudios del discurso realizados con perspectiva crítica. Asimismo, también se recogen sus principios teóricos, líneas fundamentales de trabajo y claves analíticas.

In this paper the limits of critical lexicography are presented and defined as a recent discipline that is part of the field of meta-lexicographical studies. This paper falls squarely in the general framework of ethno- lexicography (Fillmore 1994; Pérez 1997, 2000, 2005; Calero Vaquera 2010) and seeks to stake out its own space within linguistic research and highlight its importance within the field of critical discourse studies. It also addresses the discipline’s principles, basic areas of inquiry and analytical codes.
Genetic map construction and functional characterization of genes within the segregation distortion regions (SDRs) in the F2:3 generation derived from wild cotton species of the D genome
Authors: Kirungu Joy Nyangasi , Magwanga Richard Odongo , Shiraku Margaret Linyerera , Lu Pu , Mehari Teame Gereziher , Xiu Yang , Zhou Zhongli , Xu Yuanchao , Hou Yuqing , Li Pengcheng , Zhou Yun , Cai Xiaoyan , Wang Kunbo , Liu Fang
Published: July 2019

Segregation distortion (SD) is a phenomenon common among stable or segregating populations, and the principle behind it is still an issue that puzzles many researchers. An F2:3 generations developed from the wild cotton species of the D genomes was applied to investigate the possible plant transcription factors within the segregation distortion regions (SDRs). We constructed a consensus map between two maps in the D genome, map A; Gossypium klotzschianum and Gossypium davidsonii and Map B; Gossypium thurberi and Gossypium trilobum. The two maps were developed from 188 F2:3 populations for each map, a total of 1492 markers, were linked to the 13 linkage groups. The consensus linkage map size was 1467.445 cM with an average marker distance of 1.0370cM. Chr02 had the highest percentage of segregation distortion with 58.621% followed by Chr07 with 47.887%. A total of 6,038 genes were mined within the segregation distortion regions (SDR region) of Chr02 and Chr07 with 2,308 gene in Chr02 and 3,730 genes in Chr07, we obtained a total of 1,117 domains within the SDR with a total of 622 domains shared between the two chromosomes, the first 9 domains all belonged to the plant resistance genes (R genes), the largest domain was PF00069 with a total of 188 genes. A total of 287 miRNAs were found to target the various genes, such as gr-miR398, gra-miR5207, miR164a, miR164b, miR164c among others which have been found to target top-ranked stress-responsive transcription factors such as NAC genes. Moreover, the genes were found to be regulated by various stress responsive cis-regulatory elements. RNA profiling showed that higher numbers of genes were highly upregulated in abiotic and different fiber development stages. The result shows that the SDR regions could be playing an important role in the evolution of significant genes in plants.
Translational regulation of protrusion-localized RNAs involves silencing and clustering after transport
Authors: Moissoglu Konstadinos , Yasuda Kyota , Wang Tianhong , Chrisafis George , Mili Stavroula
Published: July 2019

Localization of RNAs to various subcellular destinations is a widely used mechanism that regulates a large proportion of transcripts in polarized cells. In many cases, such localized transcripts mediate spatial control of gene expression by being translationally silent while in transit and locally activated at their destination. Here, we investigate the translation of RNAs localized at dynamic cellular protrusions of human and mouse, migrating, mesenchymal cells. In contrast to the model described above, we find that protrusion-localized RNAs are not locally activated solely at protrusions, but can be translated with similar efficiency in both internal and peripheral locations. Interestingly, protrusion-localized RNAs are translated at extending protrusions, they become translationally silenced in retracting protrusions and this silencing is accompanied by coalescence of single RNAs into larger heterogeneous RNA clusters. This work describes a distinct mode of translational regulation of localized RNAs, which we propose is used to regulate protein activities during dynamic cellular responses.
A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight
Authors: Hartman Scott , Mortimer Mickey , Wahl William R. , Lomax Dean R. , Lippincott Jessica , Lovelace David M.
Published: July 2019

The last two decades have seen a remarkable increase in the known diversity of basal avialans and their paravian relatives. The lack of resolution in the relationships of these groups combined with attributing the behavior of specialized taxa to the base of Paraves has clouded interpretations of the origin of avialan flight. Here, we describeHesperornithoides miesslerigen. et sp. nov., a new paravian theropod from the Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic) of Wyoming, USA, represented by a single adult or subadult specimen comprising a partial, well-preserved skull and postcranial skeleton. Limb proportions firmly establishHesperornithoidesas occupying a terrestrial, non-volant lifestyle. Our phylogenetic analysis emphasizes extensive taxonomic sampling and robust character construction, recovering the new taxon most parsimoniously as a troodontid close toDaliansaurus,Xixiasaurus, andSinusonasus. Multiple alternative paravian topologies have similar degrees of support, but proposals of basal paravian archaeopterygids, avialan microraptorians, andRahonavisbeing closer to Pygostylia than archaeopterygids or unenlagiines are strongly rejected. All parsimonious results support the hypothesis that each early paravian clade was plesiomorphically flightless, raising the possibility that avian flight originated as late as the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous.
Effect of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) and Uziza (Piper guineense) Leaf on the Histology of the Liver of Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Franca Okoye Ngozi , Ibiwari Ikiriko, Favour
Published: July 2019

Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effects of aqueous extracts of both Nigella sativa and Piper guineense on the liver enzymes; alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Also the effect of Nigella sativa and Piper guineense extracts on the histology of the liver of Wistar rat was also studied.

Materials and Methods: A total of twenty five Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were grouped into five groups, each having five animals. They were induced with sucrose and margarine to cause high sugar levels and hyperlipidemia respectively except the positive control group which was fed normal feed. The groups were: the positive control group, the negative control group which were induced without treatment, the uziza leaf group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf, the black seed group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of black seed, and the black seed and uziza group which were induced and were treated with 2ml of aqueous extract of black seed and 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf. 

Results: The result showed that the extracts decreased the ALT and AST and ALP activities in the rats in a time dependent manner with highest decrease obtained on the third week of treatment with the extracts.  The ALT activity (U/L) on the third week of treatment showed for the, negative control (64.48 ± 0.22), uziza leaf (28.82 ± 0.12), black seed (32.65 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (16.04 ± 0.02) (p≤0.05). The decrease in activity for AST levels (U/L) on the third week of treatment, showed for the negative control (58.00 ± 0.02), uziza leaf (11.00 ± 0.01), black seed (12.00 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (8.00 ± 0.02).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that both uziza leaf and black seed have hepatoprotective effect on the liver.
Impact of Non-financial Determinants on Indian Banking Stocks – An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Ram S. Sundara , Dave Munjal , Rajesh M.
Published: July 2019

Aims: This study aims at analysing the influence of some of the most important external factors (macro economic variables) on the stock prices particularly the banking stocks of India listed in stock exchanges of the country.

Sample Design: Multistage design.

Place and Duration of Study: Public and private sector banks of India listed in stock exchanges of the country for a 12 year period i.e. 2006-07 to 2017-18.  

Methodology: On the basis of market capitalisation the top five banks from each sector i.e. public and private are selected.  The data of stock prices of these banks is collected from the annual reports of the banks.  The data of the explanatory variables is collected from the reports of Central Statistics Office, financial journals etc. 

Results: The impact of the explanatory macroeconomic variables on the market prices of these banking stocks for the period is analysed with the help of suitable statistical techniques viz., Mean, Standard Deviation, correlation, and Multiple Regression Analysis.

Conclusion:  Some of the macroeconomic variables are influencing the stock prices of the banks.
Sensor fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control for stochastic distribution time‐delayed control systems
Authors: Wang Hao , Yao Lina
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a new fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control method based on the model equivalent transformation is proposed for the stochastic distribution time‐delayed control system, in which the random delay between the controller and the actuator and the external disturbance is considered. The system is modeled by using a linear B‐spline to approximate the probability density function (PDF) of system output. The original system is transformed into an equivalent system without random delay based on the Laplace transformation method. Then, the equivalent system that is converted to the augmentation system with a new state variable is introduced. The observer is designed to estimate the fault information based on the augmentation system. Observer gain matrices and controller parameters are obtained by solving the linear matrix inequality. The PI control algorithm is used to make the PDF of the system output track the desired distribution. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified by computer simulation results.
Simultaneous Electrochemical Dual‐Electrode Exfoliation of Graphite toward Scalable Production of High‐Quality Graphene
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Xu Youlong
Published: July 2019

Developing scalable methods to produce large quantities of high‐quality and solution‐processable graphene is essential to bridge the gap between laboratory study and commercial applications. Here an efficient electrochemical dual‐electrode exfoliation approach is developed, which combines simultaneous anodic and cathodic exfoliation of graphite. Newly designed sandwich‐structured graphite electrodes which are wrapped in a confined space with porous metal mesh serve as both electrodes, enabling a sufficient ionic intercalation. Mechanism studies reveal that the combination of electrochemical intercalation with subsequent thermal decomposition results in drastic expansion of graphite toward high‐efficiency production of graphene with high quality. By precisely controlling the intercalation chemistry, the two‐step approach leads to graphene with outstanding yields (85% and 48% for cathode and anode, respectively) comprising few‐layer graphene (1–3 layers, >70%), ultralow defects (ID/IG < 0.08), and high production rate (exceeding 25 g h−1). Moreover, its excellent electrical conductivity (>3 × 104 S m−1) and great solution dispersibility in N‐methyl pyrrolidone (10 mg mL−1) enable the fabrication of highly conductive (11 Ω sq−1) and flexible graphene films by inkjet printing. This simple and efficient exfoliation approach will facilitate the development of large‐scale production of high‐quality graphene and holds great promise for its wide application.
New Strategies for the Preparation of Sinter‐Resistant Metal‐Nanoparticle‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Wang Lingxiang , Wang Liang , Meng Xiangju , Xiao Feng‐Shou
Published: July 2019

Supported metal nanoparticles are widely used as catalysts in the industrial production of chemicals, but still suffer from deactivation because of metal leaching and sintering at high temperature. In recent years, serious efforts have been devoted to developing new strategies for stabilizing metal nanoparticles. Recent developments for preparing sinter‐resistant metal‐nanoparticle catalysts via strong metal–support interactions, encapsulation with oxide or carbon layers and within mesoporous materials, and fixation in zeolite crystals, are briefly summarized. Furthermore, the current challenges and future perspectives for the preparation of highly efficient and extraordinarily stable metal‐nanoparticle‐based catalysts, and suggestions regarding the mechanisms involved in sinter resistance, are proposed.
Independent Two Way Switching of the Wetting Behavior of Cellulose‐Derived Nanoparticle Surface Coatings by Light and by Temperature
Authors: Nau Maximilian , Seelinger David , Biesalski Markus
Published: July 2019

Recently, donor acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) have received interest as photoresponsive polarity switches. In this work, a range of DASAs are synthesized and combined with nanoparticles from hydroxypropyl cellulose stearic acid ester to yield a photoresponsive composite material. This composite is spray‐coated onto porous paper substrates, forming an interface that is initially superhydrophobic and can be switched by a visible light trigger to become hydrophilic. Subsequently, this hydrophilic state can be switched back to regain a hydrophobic surface by heating above the Tm of the polymer, creating a system that can exist in three stable states, which can be triggered by independent (i.e., light/heat) stimuli. If such coatings are being applied onto porous paper substrates, using such independent stimuli, water drops placed on top of the paper can be submerged (i.e., wicked) into the paper by simple illumination with light, and the surface can be “reclosed” by subsequent heating of the paper. The latter may become promising for paper‐based fluid timers, e.g., in diagnostic applications.
Associations between adiposity measures and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D among police officers
Authors: Gu Ja K. , Charles Luenda E. , Millen Amy E. , Violanti John M. , Ma Claudia C. , Jenkins Emily , Andrew Michael E.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Studies show that serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a biomarker for vitamin D status, are lower in persons with higher adiposity levels and that police officers have been found to have a high prevalence of obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between several adiposity measures and 25(OH)D, and also compare those measures to determine the best one that predicts insufficiency of 25(OH)D (<20 ng/mL) among police officers in the Northeast area of the United States.

Methods

Participants were 281 police officers (71.5% men) from the Buffalo Cardio‐Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Study (2011‐2016). Associations of body mass index (BMI), abdominal height (AbHt), waist circumference (WC), WC‐to‐height ratio (WCHtR), percent body fat (PBF), and fat mass index (FMI) with 25(OH)D were obtained using multiple regression models after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, season, multivitamin supplement use, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive ability of each adiposity measure to identify insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations.

Results

The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was 50.7% in men and 21.3% in women. Mean levels of 25(OH)D were 32.4 ng/mL in men and 34.4 ng/mL in women. After adjustment for covariates, PBF and FMI among men were inversely associated with 25(OH)D: PBF (β ± SE = –2.40 ± 1.01, P = .018); FMI (−2.21 ± 0.93, .018). Among women, no adiposity measure was associated with 25(OH)D. PBF was the best predictor of insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations regardless of gender (AUC = 0.878).

Conclusion

Adiposity measures were inversely associated with 25(OH)D, but differed between female and male officers.
Nickel Complexes Bearing SNN and SS Donor Atom Ligands: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Biological activity
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed B.M. , Farh Micheal K. , Santos Isabel Cordeiro , Paulo António
Published: July 2019

Based on a tridentate thiosemicarbazone ligand {HL = 4‐(2,4‐dimethylphenyl)‐1‐((pyridin‐2‐yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide}, the nickel complexes [NiCl(L)] 1, [Ni(L)(diEtdtc)(H2O)] 2 and [Ni(L)(pipdtc)(H2O)] 3 were prepared {NadiEtdtc = sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and Napipdtc = sodium piperidine dithiocarbamate} and their structures were elucidated according to their elemental analyses, solution conductivities, magnetic moments and spectroscopic (IR and electronic) data. X‐ray single crystal studies have confirmed the structure of 1 as a square planar complex in which each nickel atom is linked to three (two nitrogen and one sulfur) atoms from the thiosemicarbazone ligand and a chlorine atom to ensure the complex neutrality. Moreover, the asymmetric unit cell of the complex was found to consist of two independent complex molecules of slightly different conformations (A&B). The complexes, especially the binary one, displayed high bactericidal activities that, in several instances, were comparable to or higher than those of the chloramphenicol standard.
Monitoring Fluorescence Response of Amphiphilic Flapping Molecules in Compressed Monolayers at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Nakanishi Waka , Saito Shohei , Sakamoto Naoki , Kashiwagi Akihiro , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Sakai Hideki , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: July 2019

The air–water interface, which is the boundary of two phases with a large difference in polarity, gives a distinct environment compared with bulk water or air. Since the interface provides a field for various biomolecules to work, it is important to understand the molecular behaviors at the interface. Here, polarity‐independent flapping viscosity probes (FLAP) equipped with hydrophobic/hydrophilic substituents have been synthesized and studied at the air–water interface. In situ fluorescence (FL), which is related to the internal motion and orientation, of three different FLAPs were investigated at the interface, and the internal motion of the molecule was indicated to be suppressed at the interface. In addition, the molecular response was compared with that of conventional viscosity probes (molecular rotors), which indicates the different behaviors of FLAP probably due to the distinct molecular orientation as well as molecular motion.
Bimetallic Fe‐Promoted Catalyst for CO‐Free Hydrogen Production in High‐Temperature‐Methanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Sharma Richa , Kumar Amit , Upadhyay Rajesh K.
Published: July 2019

The current work investigates various bimetallic catalysts supported on Al2O3−Zn−ZrO2 to determine a catalyst with minimal CO selectivity at high temperature for methanol steam reforming. Characterization tools employed in this study include temperature programmed reduction, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Activity testing for all the catalysts synthesized were performed in the temperature range of 150 to 500 °C. Bimetallic catalyst with addition of Fe as second metal to Cu in 50 : 50 molar ratio was observed with an interesting synergy which resulted in reduced particle size and enhanced reducibility. It was further observed that Cu−Fe with lower Fe content and up to 75 % Cu led to zero CO selectivity for temperature up to 450 °C. A structure‐activity relationship of Cu−Fe/Al2O3−Zn−ZrO2 was therefore elucidated. Further, reaction mechanism for the same was also proposed based on in‐situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy.
Microstructural Engineering of Heterogeneous P−S−Co Interface for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yu Xiaoguang , Li Na , Wang Wenquan , Li Longfei , Yao Meiyang , Tian Wentao , Guo Xiaosong , Li Guicun
Published: July 2019

Fabricating and engineering heterointerface was an effective approach to improve electrochemical activity of catalysts through modulating their atomic arrangement and chemical states. Herein, cobalt phosphide and cobalt sulfide (CoP/CoSx) heterostructure hollow nanocones were fabricated by an in situ ion intercalation template‐assisted method. The microstructure of the heterointerface could be adjusted by changing the molar ratio of S/P. Electrochemical investigation revealed that the disordered structures at the heterointerface could influence the catalytic behavior of active sites. Rationally engineering the disordered structure could improve the electrocatalytic activity for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER/HER). The optimized CoP/CoSx heterostructure exhibited favorable catalytic activity for OER, which delivered an overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 of 313 mV and a Tafel slope (93 mV dec−1) in alkaline media. Meanwhile, the optimized CoP/CoSx heterostructure also exhibited superior HER performance under acidic condition.
PROTOCOL: Effects of custodial vs. non‐custodial sentences on re‐offending
Authors: Villettaz Patrice , Killias Martin
Published: July 2019

Reviewer

Martin Killias and Patrice Villettaz, School of Forensic Science and Criminology, University of Lausanne, CH‐1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. E‐mail:Martin.Killias@ipsc.unil.ch. Phone: (0041‐21) 692 46 40, Fax (0041‐21) 692 46 05

Objective

To assess the relative effects of imprisonment and non custodial (“alternative” or “community”) sanctions on reoffending.

Background

Throughout the western world, community‐based sanctions have become a popular and widely used alternative to custodial sentences. There have been many comparisons of rates of reconviction among former prisoners and those who have served any kind of community sanction. So far, the comparative effects on reoffending of custodial and non custodial sanctions is unresolved, due to many uncontrolled variables.

Search Strategy

Relevant studies which meet the eligibility criteria (see below) will be identified through multiple sources, including abstracts, bibliographies, and contacts with experts in all possible countries.

Eligibility Criteria

Randomized or quasi‐randomized experiments, as well as non experimental comparisons between former prison inmates and those who served community sanctions will be included, provided that variables in addition to those found in registers have been controlled for (attitudes, personal or employment history etc.). Studies published in any language after 1960 will be considered for inclusion.

Data Collection and Analysis

A coding protocol will be prepared along the guidelines of the Campbell Collaboration.

Sources of Support

An application for funding of this review has been filed at the National Science Foundation of Switzerland. The decision is expected to arrive by March, 2003. Financial support by the National Science Foundation of Switzerland does not affect the independence of the reviewers.
Vitamin K antagonist vs direct oral anticoagulants with antiplatelet therapy in dual or triple therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome in atrial fibrillation: Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Roule Vincent , Ardouin Pierre , Briet Clément , Lemaitre Adrien , Bignon Mathieu , Sabatier Rémi , Champ‐Rigot Laure , Milliez Paul , Blanchart Katrien , Beygui Farzin
Published: July 2019

Background

The combination of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) and antiplatelet agents following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with an increased bleeding risk.

Hypothesis

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are associated with a greater safety profile but the optimal antithrombotic treatment strategy, especially when considering ischemic events, is unclear.

Methods

We performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes in AF patients following PCI and/or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) when treated with DOAC vs VKA, both in combination with one (dual) or two (triple) antiplatelet regimens. A systematic review was performed by searches of electronic databases MEDLINE (source PubMed) and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register Database as well as Cardiology annual meetings. Three studies were finally included.

Results

Compared to VKA triple therapy, the use of DOAC was associated with a decreased risk of any bleeding (relative risk [RR] 0.68 [0.62; 0.74]), major bleeding (RR 0.61 [0.51; 0.75]) and intracranial bleeding (RR 0.33 [0.17; 0.66]) and similar rates of the composite efficacy endpoint (RR 1.0 [0.87; 1.14]) and its components. Similar and consistent results were observed with both dual and triple therapy including a DOAC compared to VKA.

Conclusion

Our meta‐analysis supports the use of dual therapy combining a DOAC and clopidogrel as the default regimen in most AF patients after PCI and/or ACS.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: El Dika Imane , Khalil Danny N. , Abou‐Alfa Ghassan K.
Published: July 2019

The position of immunotherapy as a pillar of systemic cancer treatment has been firmly established over the past decade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a welcome option for patients with different malignancies. This is in part because they offer the possibility of durable benefit, even for patients who have failed other treatment modalities. The recent demonstration that immunotherapy is effective for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a milestone in the history of this recalcitrant disease. The treatment of HCC has been a challenge, and for many years was limited to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib and to several novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors that have shown efficacy and have been approved. The current role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the management of HCC, and how this role is likely to evolve in the years ahead, are key. Other than efforts evaluating single checkpoint inhibitors, potential combination strategies, including combinations with existing local and systemic approaches, including novel therapies are evolving. This is understandably of special interest considering the potential unique immune system of the liver, which may impact the use of immunotherapy in patients with HCC going forward, and how can it be enhanced further.
Current treatment strategies for measurable residual disease in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Percival Mary‐Elizabeth M. , Estey Elihu H.
Published: July 2019

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who achieve a morphologic complete remission still can have measurable residual disease (MRD) detected by multiparametric flow cytometry, molecular methods, or cytogenetics. Such patients with MRD have a high risk of disease recurrence over a short timeframe, but optimal treatment strategies are unknown. Outcomes with conventional treatment, including allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, are worse than those for patients without MRD. Herein, the authors review current strategies, including novel clinical trials, targeted toward patients with MRD.
Racial and ethnic disparities in neurocognitive, emotional, and quality‐of‐life outcomes in survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Dixon Stephanie B. , Li Nan , Yasui Yutaka , Bhatia Smita , Casillas Jacqueline N. , Gibson Todd M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Porter Jerlym S. , Howell Rebecca M. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Krull Kevin R. , Armstrong Gregory T.
Published: July 2019

Background

Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk of neurocognitive impairment, emotional distress, and poor health‐related quality of life (HRQOL); however, the effect of race/ethnicity is understudied. The objective of this study was to identify race/ethnicity‐based disparities in neurocognitive, emotional, and HRQOL outcomes among survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods

Self‐reported measures of neurocognitive function, emotional distress (the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18), and HRQOL (the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 health survey) were compared between minority (Hispanic, n = 821; non‐Hispanic black [NHB], n = 600) and non‐Hispanic white (NHW) (n = 12,287) survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (median age, 30.9 years; range, 16.0‐54.1 years). By using a sample of 3055 siblings, the magnitude of same‐race/same‐ethnicity survivor‐sibling differences was compared between racial/ethnic groups, adjusting for demographic and treatment characteristics and current socioeconomic status (SES).

Results

No clear pattern of disparity in neurocognitive outcomes by race/ethnicity was observed. The magnitude of the survivor‐sibling difference in the mean score for depression was greater in Hispanics than in NHWs (3.59 vs 1.09; P = .004). NHBs and Hispanics had greater survivor‐sibling differences in HRQOL than NHWs for mental health (NHBs: −5.78 vs −0.69; P = .001; Hispanics: −3.87 vs −0.69; P = .03), and social function (NHBs: −7.11 vs −1.47; P < .001; Hispanics: −5.33 vs −1.47; P = .001). NHBs had greater survivor‐sibling differences in physical subscale scores for HRQOL than NHWs. In general, the findings were not attenuated by current SES.

Conclusions

Although no pattern of disparity in neurocognitive outcomes was observed, differences across many HRQOL outcomes among minorities compared with NHWs, not attenuated by current SES, were identified. This suggests that further research into environmental and sociocultural factors during and immediately after treatment is needed.
Metal‐Free Photochemical Degradation of Lignin‐Derived Aryl Ethers and Lignin by Autologous Radicals through Ionic Liquid Induction
Authors: Kang Ying , Lu Xingmei , Zhang Guangjin , Yao Xiaoqian , Xin Jiayu , Yang Shaoqi , Yang Yongqing , Xu Junli , Feng Mi , Zhang Suojiang
Published: July 2019

The degradation of lignin into aromatic products is very important, but harsh conditions and metal‐based catalysts are commonly needed to cleave the inert bonds. Herein, an efficient self‐initiated radical photochemical degradation for lignin‐derived aryl ethers through ionic liquids (ILs) induction is demonstrated. The C−C/C−O bonds can be cleaved efficiently through free‐radical‐mediated reaction in the binary‐ILs system 1‐propenyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] imide [PMim][NTf2] and the Brønsted acid 1‐propylsulfonic‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([PrSO3HMim][OTf]) under ambient conditions. [PMim][NTf2] initiates the reaction by promoting the cleavage of the Cβ−H bond, and [PrSO3HMim][OTf] catalyzes the subsequent C−O−C bond fragmentation. Furthermore, alkyl, hydroxyl, and peroxy radicals are detected, which suggests degradation based on a photochemical free‐radical process. Additionally, alkali lignin could also be degraded in the IL system. This work sheds light on sustainable biomass utilization through a self‐initiated radical photochemical strategy under metal‐free and mild conditions.
Generation and validation of novel conditional flox and inducible Cre alleles targeting fibroblast growth factor 18 (Fgf18)
Authors: Hagan Andrew S. , Boylan Michael , Smith Craig , Perez‐Santamarina Estela , Kowalska Karolina , Hung Irene H. , Lewis Renate M. , Hajihosseini Mohammad K. , Lewandoski Mark , Ornitz David M.
Published: July 2019

Background

Fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) functions in the development of several tissues, including the lung, limb bud, palate, skeleton, central nervous system, and hair follicle. Mice containing a germline knockout of Fgf18 (Fgf18
−/−) die shortly after birth. Postnatally, FGF18 is being evaluated for pathogenic roles in fibrosis and several types of cancer. The specific cell types that express FGF18 have been difficult to identify, and the function of FGF18 in postnatal development and tissue homeostasis has been hampered by the perinatal lethality of Fgf18 null mice.

Results

We engineered a floxed allele of Fgf18 (Fgf18
flox) that allows conditional gene inactivation and a CreERT2 knockin allele (Fgf18
CreERT2) that allows the precise identification of cells that express Fgf18 and their lineage. We validated the Fgf18
flox allele by targeting it in mesenchymal tissue and primary mesoderm during embryonic development, resulting in similar phenotypes to those observed in Fgf18 null mice. We also use the Fgf18
CreERT2 allele, in combination with a conditional fluorescent reporter to confirm known and identify new sites of Fgf18 expression.

Conclusion

These alleles will be useful to investigate FGF18 function during organogenesis and tissue homeostasis, and to target specific cell lineages at embryonic and postnatal time points.
Longitudinal follow‐up of a comprehensive operationalization of eating disorder recovery: Concurrent and predictive validity
Authors: Bardone‐Cone Anna M. , Alvarez Alexandra , Gorlick Jenna , Koller Katherine A. , Thompson Katherine A. , Miller Alexandra J.
Published: July 2019

Objective

We aimed to replicate the concurrent validity of a comprehensive definition of eating disorder recovery (physical, behavioral, and cognitive indices) in a sample followed up 7–8 years from baseline, and to examine, for the first time with this comprehensive definition, predictive validity.

Method

Participants were 66 women with a history of an eating disorder and 31 age‐matched controls who completed an online survey and phone interview.

Results

In general, women who were fully recovered were statistically indistinguishable from controls and had significantly less eating disorder attitudes and behaviors than the partially recovered and eating disorder groups. Being fully recovered at baseline was a robust predictor of stability: of those fully recovered at baseline, 80% remained fully recovered at follow‐up. One‐third of those with an eating disorder and one‐half of those in partial recovery at baseline attained full recovery at follow‐up.

Discussion

These findings support the current operationalization of eating disorder recovery, encompassing physical, behavioral, and cognitive indices, as valid and highlight that full recovery is not only possible but predicts full recovery years later. Future research should examine this operationalization in diverse samples and study trajectories of recovery to identify predictors.
Mortality in males treated for an eating disorder—A large prospective study
Authors: Quadflieg Norbert , Strobel Christine , Naab Silke , Voderholzer Ulrich , Fichter Manfred M.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To report on the long‐term mortality of eating disorders in male inpatients.

Method

Crude mortality rates (CMR) and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were computed for a large sample of males (147 anorexia nervosa [AN], 81 bulimia nervosa [BN], 110 eating disorder not otherwise specified [ED‐NOS]; DSM‐IV). In addition, a survival analysis from onset of eating disorder to death or end of observation was computed.

Results

CMR was 12.9% in AN, 11.1% in BN, and 6.4% in ED‐NOS. Standardized mortality was significantly elevated in males with AN (SMR = 5.91; 95% confidence interval 3.56–9.23) as well as ED‐NOS (SMR = 3.40; 95% confidence interval 1.37–7.01) but not in males with BN (SMR = 1.88; 95% confidence interval 0.86–3.58). Males with AN died sooner after onset of eating disorder than males with BN or ED‐NOS.

Discussion

Mortality in male inpatients with eating disorder is high, especially in AN. There is need for developing more effective treatments to achieve better outcome.