bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização Fisiográfica do Sistema Hídrico da Bacia do Rio Imbé – Lagoa de Cima
Authors: Nacif Thaís , Pinto Cherene Viana Davi , De Paulo dos Santos Oliveira Vicente , Paes Ferreira Maria Inês , Bogado Bastos de Oliveira Daniela
Published: February 2022

A manutenção da qualidade e da quantidade de água é de vital importância para a manutenção das atividades humanas e dos serviços ecossistêmicos. Para alcançar uma gestão adequada dos recursos hídricos, o uso das ferramentas de pesquisa, do planejamento e de políticas promotoras da disponibilidade hídrica se tornou importante no levantamento de informações e no monitoramento das águas superficiais. A partir de um levantamento das características fisiográficas do sistema hidrográfico da Bacia do Rio Imbé – Lagoa de Cima, neste artigo fazemos uma análise aprofundada desse sistema de grande importância para a população local como fonte de renda e como detentora de atrativos turísticos. Os dados disponíveis permitiram levantar a área de drenagem (A), o perímetro da bacia (P), o coeficiente de compacidade (Kc), o fator de forma (Kf), densidade de drenagem (Dd), o comprimento do rio principal e o comprimento total e a ordem dos cursos d’água. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema hidrográfico da Bacia do Rio Imbé – Lagoa de Cima apresenta uma baixa tendência para a geração de rápidas enchentes ou inundações, possui alta amplitude altimétrica e um baixo valor de densidade de drenagem. Os resultados obtidos podem ser integrados a outros parâmetros do Sistema para um mapeamento mais detalhado de áreas prioritárias, visando à implementação de ações de conservação e recuperação dos recursos naturais e subsidiando o processo de planejamento e gestão ambiental do sistema hídrico da região.
The factors that cause the misjudgement in questioned document examination: Extraneous marks and deteriorating factors
Authors: Yılmaz Ayşegül Şen , Sutlu Özge Genç , Aşıcıoğlu Faruk
Published: February 2022

Artiﬁcial defects on the documents can be classiﬁed into two categories: extraneous marks and deteriorating factors. Identifying and categorizing artiﬁcial defects of the examined document and determining some critical unforeseen details are the aims of this study. Real case samples were collected from our archive and examined. It was found that 41 out of total 100 cases include either extraneous marks or deteriorating factors.
Handwriting analysis as an assessment instrument in legal psychology
Authors: Chernov Yury , Engalychev Vali
Published: February 2022

Handwriting analysis has several advantages important for legal psychology over traditional instruments. However, being a projective method, it must be well validated. The article presents a formal system of psychological handwriting analysis, which allows an objective and transparent procedure and in particular ensures conditions for proper validation. Practical examples demonstrate that.
Inﬂuence of Raman spectra measurement conditions on the dating results of writing compositions
Authors: Ershova Ksenia , Kochemirovskaya Svetlana , P. Kirillova Natalia , Kochemirovsky Vladimir , Ryazantsev Mikhail
Published: February 2022

When establishing the age of a document using spectral methods, the result is inﬂuenced not only by the storage conditions, but also by the methods of measuring the spectra and mathematical processing of the results. This work analyzes the inﬂuence the modes of measuring Raman spectra have on the result of measuring the writing composition spec-tra. The analysis area includes the correlation coeﬃcients of the full spectral matrices as a criterion for the reliability of the determination date. The inﬂuence of focusing accuracy, correctness of subtraction of the baseline, sample irradiation time, and varying the number of repetitions is investigated. In the study, chemometric tools for the analysis of Raman spectra were also applied. The inﬂuence of mathematical spectra processing shows that the components PC4, P5, and PC6 are most closely related to the shelf life, although they do not make the maximum contribution to the variance in the system. Taking into account all the requirements for measuring spectra, the PCA method applied to the Raman spectra of writing compositions allows clustering samples by manufacturer’s brands and by the sample shelf life.
Deciphering writings created with erasable/disappearing ink: A new method
Authors: Kaza Gandhi P.C. , Vaid Bikram Ashok , Gupta Nancy , Rai Neha
Published: February 2022

A document examiner may face a large variety of cases pertaining to handwriting, ink, and paper examination. In cases of ink examination, issues may include identifying the ink as well as determining its permanency. These days there is an increasing number of cases pertaining to a cheque presented in the bank with an amount which was later denied by the drawee. Upon physical examination with the naked eye in daylight, the claim of the drawee appeared to be true – however, in case of doubt the ﬁ nancial institutions dealing with such transactions, including banks, send the document for examination. It has been observed that a good number of ink pens are available in the market whose writings get invisible after some time ranging from hours to days. These types of writing pens are manufactured for fabric/garment manufacturing companies to mark the fabric for tailors, instructing them where cuts should be made. These marking pens are used now a day quite frequently throughout the world by the criminals to write the cheque and to later deny the amount on the cheque because of the fact the writings written with such inks fade or become invisible. Thus, the document is sent for examination. A number of methods have been reported to deal with the problem of decipherment of such writings but in present study very simple and readily accessible technique has suggested to visualise the writings which disappeared on heating. In this work, the disappeared writings which were produced by the PILOT FriXion erasable ink pen are made visible by cooling the document containing the aforesaid writings in a freezer of an ordinary refrigerator.
Conservação preventiva em acervos bibliográficos da Biblioteca Mário de Andrade
Authors: Monteiro Luciano Araujo
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é expor conceitos teóricos da conservação preventiva, apresentando sua importância na proteção de acervos bibliográficos, exponho a experiência que tive como higienizador de documentos, intervindo em obras da Biblioteca Municipal Mário de Andrade (BMA), em 2014. A metodologia de pesquisa é composta por conhecimentos teóricos obtidos em cursos de formação (realizados no Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo). Também estabeleço conexão com autores contemporâneos que problematizam o conjunto de procedimentos técnicos, conhecido por conservação preventiva, usando iconografia que ilustra os processos biodeteriorativos. Ao experienciar o ofício de higienizador, foi perceptível o quanto é importante monitorar e manter as condições ambientais das áreas de guarda do acervo, que podem contribuir para a preservação ou para a deterioração de obras e, consequentemente, da informação. Também se torna imperativa a sensibilização de colaboradores de todos os setores de uma instituição, para que haja a efetiva preservação de bens públicos, bibliográficos ou não.
Associations between Social Learning Environments and Students’ Reading Comprehension Skills: An Analysis of PISA’s Saudi Arabia Dataset
Authors: Alharbi Fahad
Published: February 2022

Despite the widespread use of social educational tools during the last decade in K12 education, the growth curve of utilizing these tools to enhance reading activities has remained lower than expected in learning environments. However, the rapid shift from face-to-face education to online education brought about by the pandemic has attracted educators who utilize these technologies to enhance reading scores among students. Drawing on data from Programme for International Student Assessment 2018, prediction models were conducted to investigate the effects of social reading activity tools on reading proficiency scores while controlling for other factors. The results indicate that reading emails, involvement in online chat (e.g., WhatsApp), reading online news, searching for information online to learn about particular topics and searching for practical information online (e.g., schedules) are significant predictors of higher reading proficiency scores. On the other hand, taking part in online group discussions or forums is a negatively significant predictor of reading proficiency scores. Moreover, reading proficiency scores differ depending on the types of schools students attended, their gender and their social, cultural and economic status when interaction was introduced in the model. These results should help educators as well as researchers to strategically utilize social reading activities according to the nature of the tasks they assign to students.
Factores psicosociales asociados a trastornos depresivos en pacientes del Hospital Central de Nampula, Mozambique.
Authors: Vázquez Machado Andrés , Mukamutara Julienne
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Identificar factores psicosociales claramente asociados a depresión en una población susceptible. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal en 347 pacientes con diagnóstico de depresión y 168 sin trastornos mentales ni síntomas psicológicos actuales, atendidos en un hospital de Mozambique, entre febrero de 2014 y enero de 2017. Se estudiaron variables socio-demográficas así como algunos eventos adversos tempranos y eventos vitales actuales. Se condujeron análisis bivariados, utilizando chi cuadrado y odds ratio. Resultados: Se encontró una asociación significativa (p<0,05) entre los trastornos depresivos y factores socio-demográficos como 34 años de edad o menos, ser divorciado o soltero, desempleado y tener entre ninguno y dos hijos. El promedio de eventos adversos fue de 2,4 entre los deprimidos y 0,6 entre los no deprimidos. Eventos adversos (i.e., violencia intrafamiliar y muerte de uno de los padres, entre los más frecuentes) durante la edad temprana se asociaron con depresión en la adultez, incrementando en 5 veces tal probabilidad, en tanto que la ocurrencia de 2 o más eventos en la etapa actual generó el mismo resultado. Los más comunes fueron los conflictos interpersonales y el padecimiento de una enfermedad física. Conclusiones: Experiencias adversas en la infancia y diversos eventos vitales actuales son más frecuentes en pacientes con trastornos depresivos que en pacientes sin depresión, confirmando su vigencia como factores psicosociales de riesgo.
Hemorragia subaracnoidea como complicación de trombólisis endovenosa en una paciente con accidente cerebro vascular isquémico.
Authors: Rojas-Benites Mayra , Campos-Flores Leily , Cancino-Díaz Juan , Carranza-Jordán Eduardo , Castillo-Zegarra Leonardo , Cruz-Rodríguez José , De la Cruz-Araujo Waldir
Published: February 2022

La hemorragia subaracnoidea es una complicación muy infrecuente del tratamiento trombolítico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente mestiza de 76 años portadora de marcapasos que ingresó a emergencia con manifestaciones de trastorno de conciencia, dificultad para la marcha y disartria. Como antecedentes relevantes, reportó hipertensión arterial mal controlada, hipotiroidismo y numerosas intervenciones quirúrgicas. Sobre la base de Tomografia cerebral Espiral Multicorte (TEM) sin contraste y de las manifestaciones clínicas, se estableció un diagnóstico de accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) isquémico. Se inició inmediatamente terapia trombolítica con alteplasa (rt-PA) y a las 3 horas postratamiento se realizó una TEM cerebral control sin contraste que permitió identificar hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA) como complicación del tratamiento. Un Angio-TEM efectuado 24 horas después confirmó ACV isquémico con transformación hemorrágica, sin presencia de aneurisma roto. La paciente fue admitida a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), quedando en observación y con control permanente de signos vitales; a los 20 días fue dada de alta. La identificación y reporte de esta muy poco usual complicación contribuyen a una mejor comprensión y diagnóstico del caso.
Lamp Light Exposure During Sleep and Sleep Quality of Medical Student Universitas Airlangga Batch 2012
Authors: Pradnyaparamitha Dyah Ayu , Soebagjo Hendrian Dwikoloso , Sari Gadis Meinar
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Sleep disorder commonly happens to teenagers and adults because of light exposure during sleep that affects sleep quality, but the relation of lamp light exposure during sleep and sleep quality of medical students hasn’t been determined previously. Objective: This research aimed to determine the relation of lamp light exposure and sleep quality of Universitas Airlangga’s medical students and to give further information about the right adjustment of lamp light exposure to improve the sleep quality of medical student. Methods: Variables in this cross-sectional designed research were lamp light exposure (on or off) as the independent variable and sleep quality as a dependent variable. The research used the PSQI questionnaire to decide the sleep quality of 115 subjects once a week in a month. The collected data were analyzed by chi-square and fisher’s exact test. Results: Based on the chi-square test, the p-value for lamp light exposure and sleep quality was more than 0.05 (p = 0.863). The results also showed that 74.8%  of medical students had bad quality sleep. Conclusion : In conclusion, there was no relation between lamp light exposure and sleep quality. This research also indicated that most of the subjects had a bad sleep quality so that student should increase their needs for better sleep quality to maintain performance.
Are Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) and Ascertain Dementia 8 Indonesia (AD8-INA) Questionnaires More Superior than Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) as Dementia Screening Instrument among Elderly in Rural Areas?
Authors: Swatan Jovian Philip , Haryono Yudha
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Dementia screening provides numerous benefits to its users. However, current screening methods have several limitations regarding applicability and accuracy, making it difficult to accommodate the results. Objective: To describe whether the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) and Ascertain Dementia 8 Indonesia (AD8-INA) questionnaire is superior to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire as a dementia screening instrument for the elderly in rural areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2020 at Banyuwangi residence. Dementia screening was conducted among elderly respondents using MMSE, AMT, and AD8-INA questionnaires. Sensitivity and specificity of AMT, AD8-INA and combined AMT+AD8-INA were compared with the MMSE questionnaire using crosstabs. Comparison of time required to complete each questionnaire was analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: Mean age among 59 respondents was 68.44 years. The average MMSE score was 24.54. Compared with MMSE, the AMT questionnaire had a sensitivity of 47.37% and specificity of 100% (X2 = 22.36, p <0.001). Meanwhile, the AD8-INA questionnaire had a sensitivity of 63.16% and specificity of 45% (X2 = 24.64, p <0.001). The average questionnaire completion time of AMT, AD8-INA, and combined AMT+AD8-INA each was significantly shorter than MMSE (122.59, 121.17, and 243.76 seconds vs 319.83 seconds, p<0.001, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: This study found that the combined AMT+AD8-INA questionnaire could be used as a dementia screening instrument among the elderly in rural areas with considerable sensitivity and shorter administration time.
Role of Procalcitonin in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke with COVID-19
Authors: Sari Ita Muharram , Erwin Iswandi , Baqarizky Fiizhda , Oktaviani Puspa , Salam Sardiana , Ritonga Anna Mardiana
Published: February 2022

Introduction: As COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide, it is an urgent health problem. Some evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 also affects the central nervous system. Stroke is the most common disease of the central nervous system. In contrast to ischemic stroke, which can occur due to the hypercoagulation effect of COVID-19, the study of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) associated with COVID-19 is still unclear. Objective: This paper investigated the characteristics of an inflammatory biomarker and compared the outcomes of ICH patients with COVID-19 and ICH patients without COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational analysis case-control of patients (n = 42) admitted with ICH with positive COVID-19 and ICH with negative COVID-19 at the National Brain Center Hospital Prof.Dr.dr. Mahar Mardjono from March 2020 to August 2021. We took blood samples and COVID-19 swab PCR on the first day of admission, and GOS was measured when the patients were discharged. Results: There were 21 ICH patients with positive COVID-19 who had a significantly procalcitonin (p < 0.05) compared  to control patients. From Spearman’s correlational analysis, there is a significant value between early procalcitonin and the Barthel Index (rs = -0,374, p < 0.05), early CRP and GOS (rs =- 0.329, p < 0.05), which indicates weak-inverse correlation, and between early PCT and GOS (rs = -0.438, p < 0.05) which indicates moderate-inverse correlation. Conclusion: The level of procalcitonin was increased in ICH patients with COVID-19. Maybe PCT could be a predictor of outcome in ICH patients with COVID-19.
Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli in vitro Towards Ceftriaxone and Cefixime
Authors: Kalishah Jihan , Husada Dominicus , Arfijanto M Vitanata , Wahyu Widodo Agung Dwi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacteria and a most cause of nosocomial infections. Bacteria has the ability to form biofilm that may cause antimicrobe resistance. This biofilm protects the microbes from environmental conditions which make it the most cause of nosocomial infections including urinary tract infection and the infections resulted from the use of medical instruments. The aim of this experiment is to observe the presence of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone antimicrobial resistance in E. coli as a cause of biofilm formation. Method: This study conducted three experiments of E. coli sensitivity test on cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, E. coli resistance test after a 48 hours incubation, and optical density measurement using iMark™ ELISA Microplate Reader. Result: The results of sensitivity experiment with antibiotic cefotaxime and ceftriaxone disk showed sensitive result in wild-type E. coli and E. coli ATCC while after 48 hours incubation E. coli ATCC remains sensitive and in wild-type E. coli result are three intermediates, one sensitive and other than that it’s all change to resistance. The third experiment results were obtained from ELISA then classified into three categories. In E. coli ATCC 1 and 2, the results are mostly in high category (OD >0.240). The OD in E. coli 1 is mostly high, while results from E. coli 2 consists of one bacterium in weak category (OD <0.120), four in moderate category (OD 1.20 – 0.240), and three in high category. Conclusion: It can be concluded that E. coli resistance test in cefotaxime and ceftriaxone after 48 hours’ incubation are mostly resistant in wild-type E. coli but sensitive in E. coli ATCC.
T Lymphocyte-Derived Exosomes and Their Applications in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Calvo Victor , Izquierdo Manuel
Published: February 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a very heterogeneous group of cell-derived vesicles released by almost all kind of living cells. EV are involved in intercellular communication, both locally and systemically, since they induce signals and transfer their contents (proteins, lipids, RNAs) to other cells, which subsequently trigger a wide variety of biological responses in the target cells. How-ever, cell surface receptor-induced EV release is limited to cells from the immune system, includ-ing T lymphocytes. T cell receptor activation of T lymphocytes induces secretion of EV containing T cell receptor for antigen and several bioactive molecules, including proapoptotic proteins. These EV are thus specific for antigen-bearing cells, which make them ideal candidates for a cell-free, EV-dependent cancer therapy. In this review we discuss the generation of EV by T lymphocytes and some potential therapeutic approaches of these EV.
Pendampingan Penyusunan LKPD berbasis Scientific Approach pada Guru Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Haryanto Haryanto , Wuryandani Wuri , Suwarjo Suwarjo , Hidayah Ratna , Erviana Vera Yuli , Mahfuzah Ainun
Published: February 2022

Assignment to use students worksheet as an alternative teacher to support learning during a pandemic. This training activity aims to improve the ability of teachers in compiling and developing students worksheet based on the Scientific Approach in learning. This activity was carried out in collaboration with the coordinator of the Sendangtirto Cluster Elementary School, Berbah, Sleman. This activity involved 30 elementary school teachers as participants, with a training model. Data on increasing the ability of participants was obtained through a questionnaire. Based on the data obtained, there was an increase in the assessment and ability of teachers towards the preparation and use of students  worksheet based on the scientific approach after participating in this training activity into high and very high categories. After the training, participants are able to prepare students worksheet based on a scientific approach and implement it in learning.
Mangrove Health Analysis Using Sentinel-2A Image with NDVI Classification Method
Authors: Purwanto Ajun , Eviliyanto Eviliyanto
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine 1) the mangrove vegetation density index, 2) the health of mangrove plants in Sungai Batang Village to Kuala Secapah. The data used in this study is the image of Sentinel-2A, dated June 8, 2020. The data taken are vegetation density (NDVI) and mangrove health. The method in this study uses the vegetation index transformation (NDVI). Data analysis used the supervised classification method and the vegetation density index (NDVI). The results showed that the NDVI value of -1 – 0.32 indicates a sparse vegetation density, a value of 0.33 – 0.42 indicates a medium density and 0.43 – 1 indicates a dense density. From this NDVI index value, it can be used as a basis for classifying the health of mangrove vegetation. The health of mangrove vegetation based on the vegetation index value of 0.43 – 1 (meet) indicates that the health of the mangrove vegetation is very good. Vegetation value 0.33 – 0.42 (moderate) indicates good health of mangrove vegetation and vegetation index value -1 – 0.32 (rare) indicates poor vegetation health. Mangrove health level is very good with an area of 3.0314 km2, healthy has an area of 0.204806 km2 and poor health has an area of 0.625875 km2.
Riverbank Erosion in Part of Tibo Village, Donggala Regency
Authors: Maliki Rendra Zainal
Published: February 2022

This study aims to identify riverbank erosion in some Tibo villages, Sindue Tambusabora District, Donggala Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a spatial approach. The data analysis technique used in this study includes a qualitative descriptive analysis in the form of a unit analysis of the area of landform from the fluvial process in Tibo Village, Sindue Tambusabora District, Donggala Regency. The data used in this study include primary data and secondary data. Primary data are the results of field ground checks and direct measurements, while secondary data are Landsat 8 OLI images and RBI maps of 1:50,000 scale 2015-65. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a spatial approach. The data analysis technique used in this study includes a qualitative descriptive analysis in the form of a unit analysis of the landform area from which the fluvial process originated in the village of Tibo. Mild to moderate erosion and sedimentation rates. Erosion of cliffs is very high, especially at the bend of the river where erosion occurs due to high river discharge so that many charred rivers are found in Tibo village due to high erosion and sedimentation.
Konsep Murabahah dalam Kredit Pemilikan Rumah pada Bank Tabungan Negara Syariah Surakarta
Authors: Fadlurrahman Rizky
Published: February 2022

Penulisan ini mendeskripsikan dan mengkaji permasalahan mengenai konsep jual beli Murabahah dalam Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR) pada perbankan syariah khususnya pada BTN Syariah Surakarta. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yaitu data yang diperoleh dari bahan pustaka. Sumber data sekunder yang digunakan mencakup bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dan wawancara sebagai data pendukung, selanjutnya teknis analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deduktif Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep akad murabahah dalam kredit pemilikan rumah pada perbankan syariah masih terdapat unsur riba didalamnya. Karena pada saat terjadi akad antara nasabah dan pihak perbankan status rumah sebagai objek akad masih tidak jelas karena pihak perbankan belum menerima barang secara nyata. Selian itu dengan adanya denda keterlambatan pembayaran angsuran dan adanya restrukturisasi bagi nasabah yang mengalami kesulitan dalam pembayaran angsuran yang telah ditetapkan, dalam hal ini menjadikan harga yang lebih tinggi sehingga menjadikan ketidakjelasan harga sebagaimana yang telah disepakati dalam akad. Selain itu tidak menanggungnya risiko kerugian dari pihak perbankan menjadikan pihak perbankan hanya ingin meraih keuntungan saja tanpa ada risiko kerugian.
Efektivitas Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 Tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Pejalan Kaki di Kota Surakarta dalam Perspektif Sosiologi Hukum
Authors: Kurniawijaya Aditya
Published: February 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Undang-Undang Lalu Lintas terhadap pelanggaran hak pejalan kaki di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Lalu Lintas belum berlaku secara efektif akibat tingginya pelanggaran hak pejalan kaki di Kota Surakarta. Adapun penyebabnya terdiri dari faktor hukum, faktor penegakan hukum, faktor fasilitas pendukung, faktor masyarakat, dan faktor kebudayaan.
Observation of crack arrest in ice by high aspect ratio particles during uniaxial compression
Authors: Asenath-Smith Emily , Lieblappen Ross , Taylor Susan , Winter Reed , Melendy Terry , Moser Robert , Haehnel Robert
Published: February 2022

In nature, ice frequently contains dissolved solutes or entrapped particles, which modify the microstructure and mechanical properties of ice. Seeking to understand the effect of particle shape and geometry on the mechanical properties of ice, we performed experiments on ice containing 15 wt% silica spheres or rods. Unique to this work was the use of 3-D microstructural imaging in a -10ºC cold room during compressive loading of the sample. The silica particles were present in the ice microstructure as randomly dispersed aggregates within grains and at grain boundaries. While cracks originated in particle-free regions in both sphere- and rod-containing samples, the propagation of cracks was quite different in each type of sample. Cracks propagated uninhibited through aggregates of spherical particles but were observed to arrest at and propagate around aggregates of rods. These results imply that spherical particles do not inhibit grain boundary sliding or increase viscous drag. On the other hand, silica rods were found to span grains, thereby pinning together the microstructure of ice during loading. These results provide insights into mechanisms that can be leveraged to strengthen ice.
Educación acuática para la prevención
Authors: Ortiz Ana , Pinto Rita , Moreno-Murcia Juan Antonio , Albarracín Apolonia
Published: February 2022

Antecedentes: Los ahogamientos son un importante problema de salud pública, con más de 320.000 muertes al año en todo el mundo. Años de investigación y concienciación sobre la necesidad de un cambio en los planteamientos de enseñanza acuática, han destacado en la actualidad, la necesidad de que ésta sea dirigida hacia la adquisición de la competencia que conlleve un real dominio del medio acuático, así como un descenso en las lesiones y ahogamientos en el mismo.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este documento es mostrar un posicionamiento sobre la educación acuática con una orientación claramente preventiva.
Método: Se revisaron las principales aportaciones bibliográficas a nivel internacional sobre la prevención de ahogamientos así como sobre los temas relativos a la educación acuática preventiva.
Resultados: Una vez identificadas las subcompetencias que tendrán que ser abordadas, se detallan, así como las recomendaciones pedagógicas para cada una de ellas. Basado en ello, emergen recomendaciones generales para llevar a cabo todo el proceso educativo, destacando la necesidad de concienciación de toda la población para lograr una prevención de ahogamiento integral de forma universal.
Conclusiones: Se podría destacar que, de forma general, la educación acuática debe dar un salto cualitativo, sobrepasando la idea de “saber nadar” como único recurso para no ahogarse. Dando paso a nuevas concepciones y metodologías que sean significativas, y sobre todo que tengan transferencia a entornos variables y en circunstancias de riesgo, no olvidando la situaciones individuales y colectivas en el proceso con una perspectiva  cultural adecuada.
Palabras clave: prevención, educación acuática, ahogamientos, competencia acuática, medio acuático, transferencia competencias.
La salud mental en la natación: dos visiones distintas
Authors: Trinidad Morales Alfonso
Published: February 2022

Desde las olimpiadas de Tokio 2020 y gracias a la atleta americana Simone Biles, el tema sobre la salud mental se está convirtiendo en actualidad, sin saber que esta casuística ya viene resonando en el mundo del deporte desde antes de las Olimpiadas. Sin embargo, si no hubiera salido en la televisión y en concreto, durante el desarrollo de Juegos Olímpicos de dicha edición, este tema no se hubiera conocido a nivel mundial y los atletas seguirán haciendo lo que mejor saben hacer “entrenar y competir” como maquinas que no sienten ni padecen, según cree y afirma la sabiduría popular. Aun así, recordemos como en 2016 y tras los Juegos Olímpicos de Rio de Janeiro, el ex-nadador americano Michael Phelps también fue noticia tras confirmar su retirada de la alta competición y como, además, arrastraba problemas relacionados con su salud mental dándolo a conocer años más tarde y participando en un documental en 2020: “El Peso del Oro (Weight of Gold)”, en el cual relata el lado oscuro de la vida detrás de las brillantes medallas de oro...
Photo-Fenton performance and mechanism of g-C3N4/FeOCl nanocomposite under simulate sunlight
Authors: Ma Jinhuan , Wei Zhiqiang , Lu Qiang , Li Chao , Li Ling
Published: February 2022

g-C3N4/FeOCl nanocomposites are prepared by a simple calcination method according to the different composite mass ratios of g-C3N4 and FeOCl. The microstructure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It is found that the composite samples are mainly composed of FeOCl phase, and the presence of g-C3N4, indicating the successful composite of the sample without destroying the crystal structure of FeOCl. Through Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and transient photocurrent response, it is found that the photoelectrochemical performance of the composite sample g-C3N4/FeOCl-2 is stronger than that of pure FeOCl. In addition, through photo-Fenton and radical-trapping experiments, it is found that g-C3N4/FeOCl-2 degrades 92% of Rhodamine B (RhB) within 90 min, and ·OH radicals play an important role in the process of photo-Fenton degradation. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is mainly ascribed to the Z-type heterojunctions between FeOCl and g-C3N4, preventing the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, and improving the absorption efficiency of natural light. In this work, the high-efficiency photo-Fenton performance of g-C3N4/FeOCl-2 provides a new idea about the modification of pure FeOCl.
Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams From Unmodified Kraft Lignin Dispersed Into Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol and Palm Kernel Oil as Substitutes of Petroleum-Based Polyols
Authors: Flôres Camila Campos , Rufino Thiago do C. Rufino C , Nahra Lara Robert , Rodrigues Isabelle Christine Zavecz , Oliveira Mauricio Pinheiro
Published: February 2022

Kraft lignin (KL) dispersions in methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG) and in a mixture of palm kernel oil (PKO) with MPEG (PKO/MPEG) were evaluated for viscoelastic polyurethane foams (VPFs) production with different contents of KL (0-3.9 pphp) and PKO (0 -15 pphp). The influence of the dispersed KL on the foam structure, foam growth profile, foaming reactivity, mechanical properties, and final properties of VPFs were studied. The appearance of the VPF produced with KL dispersion in MPEG/PKO was similar to the control VPF foam. The addition of KL dispersion (0 to 15 pphp), had a significant effect on the growth profile, foaming reactivity, density and consequently on the foam morphology. VPFs produced with 3.9 pphp of KL presented shrinkage values about 4 times when compared to the control. The presence of the KL and PKO did not improve the burning rate of the foam samples compared to the control foam, without KL and PKO. Thermal stability of the produced foams showed no relevant differences regardless of the contents of KL/MPEG/PKO used in comparison to the control. Mechanical properties of VPF can be adjusted by making changes to the standard formulation. It can be concluded that the dispersion of KL in a mixture of MPEG and PKO represents an alternative for incorporating fractions of KL and PKO into VPF. In addition, this study provides new insights for the production of VPF using renewable resources for packaging applications, as well as in the mattress industry.
Perspectives of Redox-Active Ligands in Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Benkó Tímea , Lukács Dávid , Li Mingtao , Pap József Sándor
Published: February 2022

Organic ancillary ligands can cooperate with metal centers in different ways in molecular catalysts of the very important oxygen evolving reaction. In this overview, we focus on what can be gained of such a cooperation and bring examples on the possible useful outcomes of redox state changes in ancillary ligands. Analogies are also highlighted if apply, with the cooperation between the natural oxygen evolving complex and the redox-mediating Tyrosine-Histidine pairs found in photosystem II.
The Ambulatory Care Score For Atrial Fibrillation: A Decision-Support For Triage of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation Without Cardiologist’s Opinion; A Derrivation Study
Authors: Michiels Constance , Outteryck François , Libert Perrine , Bauley Karine , Godesence Carole , Diesnis Rémy
Published: February 2022

Background: As the population ages, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing. This leads to significant healthcare resource use – mainly the cost of hospitalization. Using guidelines, we built the Ambulatory Care Score for Atrial Fibrillation (ACSAF) for application in emergency departments (EDs) that lack a cardiologist. The primary objective of the present study was to validate the ACSAF for the triage of new-onset AF (NOAF) by comparison with the cardiologist’s opinion.Methods: This single-centre, prospective, observational, comparative study was performed at a general hospital between November 2018 and October 2019. All adult patients with NOAF were included. Patients with a systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg or a heart rate >180 bpm were excluded. The ACSAF was calculated by an ED physician in blind to the cardiologist’s opinion. The primary outcome was the mean difference in the ACSAF between ambulatory care group and the hospital care group. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to determine the optimal cut-off for the ACSAF. Results: 81 patients with NOAF (42 men (51.9%); mean age: 69 ±16 years old) were included in the study. The mean ACSAF was higher in the hospital care group (2.16 ±1.05) than in the ambulatory care group (1.03 ±0.97; p<0.0001). The optimal ACSAF cut-off was 2, giving a sensitivity [95% confidence interval] of 71.4%[57.1-83.7] and a specificity of 81.2%[68.8-93.8]. Discussion & Conclusion: The ACSAF enables ED physicians to decide on the triage of NOAF in the absence of a cardiologist’s opinion.Trial registration: ANSM (French Drug Administration) : ID RCB 2018-A01800-55 French National Data Protection Commission (Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (Paris, France); reference: MRC-003 2197970, June 2nd, 2018)
First report of rapid, non-invasive, and reagent-free detection of malaria through the skin of patients with a beam of infrared light
Authors: Garcia Gabriela , Kariyawasam Tharanga , Lord Anton , Costa Cristiano , Chaves Lana , Lima-Junior Josue , Maciel-de-Freitas Rafael , Sikulu-Lord Maggy
Published: February 2022

We describe the first application of the Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique to detect Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria parasites through the skin of malaria positive and negative human subjects. NIRS is a rapid, non-invasive and reagent free technique which involves rapid interaction of a beam of light with a biological sample to produce diagnostic signatures in seconds. We used a handheld, miniaturized spectrometer to shine NIRS light on the ear, arm and finger of P. falciparum (n=7) and P. vivax (n=20) positive people and malaria negative individuals (n=33) in a malaria endemic setting in Brazil. Supervised machine learning algorithms for predicting the presence or absence of malaria were applied to predict malaria infection status in independent individuals (n=12). Separate machine learning algorithms for differentiating P. falciparum from P. vivax infected subjects were developed using spectra from the arm and ear of P. falciparum and P. vivax (n=108) and the resultant model predicted infection in spectra of their fingers (n=54).
NIRS non-invasively detected malaria positive and negative individuals that were excluded from the model with 100% sensitivity, 83% specificity and 92% accuracy (n=12) with spectra collected from the arm. Moreover, NIRS also correctly differentiated P. vivax from P. falciparum positive individuals with a predictive accuracy of 93% (n=54).
These findings are promising but further work on a larger scale is needed to address several gaps in knowledge and establish the full capacity of NIRS as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for malaria. It is recommended that the tool is further evaluated in multiple epidemiological and demographic settings where other factors such as age, mixed infection and skin colour can be incorporated into predictive algorithms to produce more robust models for universal diagnosis of malaria.
Evaluation of Community Health Workers Performance at Home Based Newborn Assessment Supported by mHealth Tool in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Farjana , Foote Eric , Rahman Mahbubur , Shoab Abul Kasham , Parvez Sarker Masud , Nasim Mizanul Islam , Hasan Rezaul , Arifeen Shams El , Billah Sk Masum , Sarker Supta , Hoque Md. Mahbubul , Shahidullah Mohammad , Islam Muhammad Shariful , Ashrafee Sabina , Darmstadt Gary L.
Published: February 2022

Background: In low to middle-income countries where home births are common and neonatal postnatal care is limited, community health worker (CHW) home visits can extend the capability of health systems to reach vulnerable newborns in the postnatal period. CHW assessment of newborn danger signs supported by mHealth have potential to improve the quality of danger sign assessments and reduce CHW training requirements. We aim to estimate the validity (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value) of CHW assessment of newborn infants aided by mHealth compared to physician assessment.Methods: In this prospective study, ten CHWs received five days of theoretical and hands-on training on the physical assessment of newborns including ten danger signs. CHWs assessed 273 newborn infants for danger signs within 48 hours of birth and then consecutively for three days. A physician repeated 20% (n=148) of the assessments conducted by CHWs. Both CHWs and the physician evaluated newborns for ten danger signs and decided on referral. We used the physician’s danger sign identification and referral decision as the gold standard to validate CHWs’ identification of danger signs and referral decisions.Results: The referrals made by the CHWs had high sensitivity (93.3%), specificity (96.2%), and almost perfect agreement (K= 0.80) with the referrals made by the physician. CHW identification of all the danger signs except hypothermia showed moderate to high sensitivity (66.7-100%) compared to physician assessment. All the danger signs assessments except hypothermia showed moderate to high positive predictive value (PPV) (50-100%) and excellent negative predictive value (NPV) (99-100%). Specificity was high (99-100%) for all ten danger signs.Conclusion: CHW identification of neonatal danger signs aided by mHealth showed moderate to high validity in comparison to physician assessment. mHealth platforms may reduce CHW training requirements and while maintaining quality CHW physical assessment performance extending the ability of health systems to provide neonatal postnatal care in low-resource communities.Clinical Trial (CT) registration ID: NCT03933423 Name of the trial registry: clinicaltrials.govClinical Trial (CT) registration Date: 01/05/2019
Machine Learning Based Cloud IoT Platform for Intelligent Tourism Information Services
Authors: Bi Fangfei , Liu Haotian
Published: February 2022

Because of the continuous development of the tourism industry, the application of the Internet of Things technology to tourism projects is very promising in the future. Smart tourism takes use of the Internet of Things to improve information exchange. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of the next generation of tourists in the future, the Internet of Things technology will become an indispensable part. As a consequence, based on visitor selection behavior, we offer a hybrid intelligent categorization approach. This method of categorization might help tourists decide whether or not to visit a tourist attraction. Cross-validation testing and performance assessment results indicate the method's effectiveness.
Reference Equations for The Six-Minute Walk Distance in Obese Chinese Subjects Older Than 40 Years
Authors: Zhang Jia , Zou Yingying , Wang Zibin , Chen Xiaoshu , Pan Jingye , Yu Haizhu , Lin Cong , Zou He
Published: February 2022

Background

Some studies have showed that the reference equations for the walking distance derived mainly from healthy, normal-weight people are not suitable for obese subjects. The main purpose of this study is to establish reference equations for the 6MWD in Chinese obese subjects.
Methods

In the study, a total of 272 obese subjects underwent American Thoracic Society (ATS) protocolized six-minute walk testing (6MWT), and the longer walking distance was used for further analysis. The reference equations of the 6MWD were developed by stepwise multiple regression analysis. The established equations for the 6MWD were compared to existing prediction equations.
Results

The mean 6MWD for the cohort was 523±56 m. We found that the reliability of two 6MWTs was good. Age and BMI were identified as independent factors and explained 31% and 27% of the variance in the 6MWD for the male and female groups, respectively. These reference equations reported in previous studies cannot accurately predict the 6MWD in our subjects.
Conclusion

The study was the first to describe the 6MWD in Chinese obese subjects and to propose predictive equations. These established equations can contribute to improving the assessment of Chinese obese patients with diseases that affect their exercise capacity.
Immune Microenvironment and Clinical Significance of PD1 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Yang Lili , Wang Jili , Yao Linpeng , Chen Cheng , Pan Junhan , Peng Ling , Chen Feng
Published: February 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, durable response is limited to only a subset of patients. Therefore, this study aims to identify the ICI-responsive HCC patients and to investigate the distribution of programmed death 1 (PD1) in HCC patients, as well as the relationship among PD1, pathological parameters and survival of HCC patients. A total of 372 HCC patients (western population) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 115 Primary HCC tissue and 52 para-carcinoma tissue (Data Set GSE76427, eastern population) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were enrolled. Bioinformatics analysis were conducted with R software and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). This study showed the expression of PD1 was up-regulated in both western and eastern HCC patients, which was positively correlated with patients’ BMI and AFP value, as well as prognosis. The expression level of PD1 was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Our study reveals the relationship of PD-1 and the HCC tumor microenvironment, providing insight for new ICI therapeutic options. Besides, PD1 expression levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients may be a survival predictor.
A Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Liver Cirrhosis from Volatolomic Analysis of Exhaled Breath
Authors: Wieczorek Mikolaj A , Weston Alexander D , Ledenko Matthew F , Thomas Jonathan Nelson , Carter Rickey E , Patel Tushar C
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLiver disease such as cirrhosis is known to cause changes in the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in patient breath samples. Previous studies have demonstrated the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis from these breath samples, but studies are limited to a handful of discrete, well-characterized compounds.MethodsWe utilized VOC profiles from breath samples from 46 individuals, 35 with cirrhosis and 11 healthy controls. A deep-neural network was optimized to discriminate between healthy controls and individuals with cirrhosis.ResultsA 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) was accurate in predicting which patients had cirrhosis with an AUC of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.99). Shapley Additive Explanations characterized the presence of discrete, observable peaks which were implicated in prediction, and the top peaks (based on the average SHAP profiles on the test dataset) were noted.ConclusionCNNs demonstrate the ability to predict the presence of cirrhosis based on a full volatolomics profile of patient breath samples. SHAP values indicate the presence of discrete, detectable peaks in the VOC signal.