bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТЕХНИКЕ СТРАТЕГИЈСКОГ УПРАВЉАЊА ТРОШКОВИМА – СЛУЧАЈ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРБИЈЕ
Authors: Janjić Vesna , Karapavlović Nemanja , Damjanović Jelena
Published: April 2020

In this paper the authors analyse the respondents' opinions on the techniques of strategic cost management from the aspect of the size of the company, business activity, legal form, as well as the respondents' opinion in relation to the generated profit/loss in the company they work in. The research is based on the sample of 33 companies in the Republic of Serbia, and it was conducted using survey questionnaires. The results show that the application of strategic cost management techniques is negligible, but that the respondents are aware of the potential benefits. Moreover, it has been established that there are no differences in the respondents' opinions when considered from the above aspects.
УЛОГА ПОСЛОВНОГ АМБИЈЕНТА У УНАПРЕЂЕЊУ ИНВЕСТИЦИОНИХ АКТИВНОСТИ: СТУДИЈА СЛУЧАЈА ГРАДОВА И ОПШТИНА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ
Authors: Stanković Jelena , Radenković-Jocić Dragana
Published: April 2020

Many municipalities and cities face certain problems in attracting local and foreign investors and one of them is ineffective local administration, as well as the lack of transparency of rules and procedures start-ups and enterprises, branches and the like. Many local governments are not even aware of what is causing the problem and the lack of investment and investor preferences for other municipalities and cities. To be able to clearly state the causes of the problem, a program of certification of cities and municipalities has been initiated in many countries, including Serbia. This program involves evaluating the quality of services of municipalities and cities in terms of those elements that are particularly relevant to existing and potential investors. On the basis of the data on the level of quality of certain elements, one can realize what the local government of a city or municipality must change in order to be a convenient area for investment, and that would provide a friendly environment for potential investors. In addition, the program ends with a certification in case the municipality or city meets the minimum requirements in each of the elements of assessment. Since the evaluation of the conditions represents the basis for gaining the certificate confirming that the city or municipality is a favorable environment for investors, a very important issue is to determine the significance of the elements, and appropriate criteria, bearing in mind that not all elements are equally important from the perspective of investors. The aim of this paper is to establish a link between the level of fulfillment of the criteria in the process of certification of cities and municipalities and the ability to attract investors, and the acceleration of investment activity at the local level. The paper presents the current way of conducting the procedure of certification of cities and municipalities, and based on the results of the correlation analysis and DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method an insufficient influence on the fulfillment of these criteria to attract and activate investments at the local level was found.
El área de historia del derecho, a 75 años de la fundación del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM
Authors: Cruz Barney Oscar
Published: April 2020

A manera de cierre del último número de la Revista Mexicana de Historia del Derecho, dirigido por el doctor Oscar Cruz Barney, este artículo es un resumen de todas las publicaciones de las diferentes áreas del Instituto, ilustrando así la importancia de la investigación en materia de historia del derecho. El doctor Cruz Barney asumirá la dirección de la Revista de Derecho Privado.
Desarrollo de una guía para promover un e-learning inclusivo en educación superior
Authors: Hernández Sánchez Alba María , Ainscow Mel
Published: April 2020

Este artículo describe el desarrollo de una estrategia para promover la inclusión en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje en educación superior. La estrategia es una adaptación del Índice para la Inclusión, un instrumento ampliamente utilizado en los centros educativos. Se adoptó la forma de guía, que puede ser usada para fomentar el diálogo entre el equipo docente y de gestión para reflexionar en torno a cómo crear culturas inclusivas, producir políticas inclusivas y desarrollar prácticas inclusivas. El documento explica el proceso de validación de la guía por diez expertos de la Universidad de Manchester, utilizando la técnica Delphi. En síntesis, se describe cómo la información cualitativa y cuantitativa facilitada por los expertos contribuye a la mejora de la última versión de la guía. Este proceso refuerza la necesidad de incorporar esta estrategia en el desarrollo de entornos de aprendizaje de e-learning en educación superior.
Alineación de los planes de área colombianos con los estándares básicos de competencias en matemáticas
Authors: Solano Silvia , Gómez Pedro , González María José , González-Ruíz Ignacio
Published: April 2020

En este artículo estudiamos en qué medida los planes de área de matemáticas de la educación media colombiana se alinean con los estándares básicos de competencia en matemáticas (Ministerio de Educación Nacional, 2006). Se describe qué significado daremos al término alineación de un plan de área con los estándares y se explica cómo se aplica esta idea a cada plan de área. Bajo un planteamiento cuantitativo, se calculó la alineación de 206 planes de área, estratificados por área geográfica, tipo de institución y modalidad académica. Mediante técnicas de estimación y contraste de hipótesis se establece la alineación de los planes de área colombianos con los estándares. Encontramos que esta alineación es reducida con una dispersión importante, y que no hay diferencias significativas en la alineación de los planes de área de los diferentes tipos de colegios.
Philosophical and Worldview Grounds of Political Islam of India and Pakistan
Authors: Stepanyants M. T.
Published: April 2020

The history of the Muslim world conﬁrms the universality of the mutual interaction of existence and consciousness. Since the nineteenth century, the main challenges of the time have required from the umma mobilization and joint uniﬁcation, initially in the name of liberation from colonialism and later — from the negative effects of globalization. Hence the natural and justiﬁable emergence of what can be called political Islam. The article is devoted to Muslim thinkers who had the greatest inﬂuence on public consciousness in India before and after its partition (1947) into India and Pakistan. The central ﬁgure in the Muslim enlightenment movement of India was Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817–1898). No one has fully presented the philosophical foundations of reformation than the eminent poet-philosopher Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938) in his “The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam”. Diametrically opposite to reformation stand was taken by Abul Ala Maududi (1903–1979), the founder and the leader of Jamaat-i-Islami, justiﬁed Muslim "fundamentalism". The intercultural philosophical position was implemented by Muhammad Sharif (1893–1965), a recognized authority among Muslim philosophers of India and Pakistan.
Efecto del uso de la herramienta “realidad aumentada” en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de Educación Básica
Authors: López-García José David , Gutiérrez-Niño Deidy
Published: April 2020

La comprensión de los fenómenos naturales, las características de los contextos y de las relaciones espacio-temporales, puede verse afectada cuando no se emplean los recursos y materiales y se aprovechan espacios innovadores que se adecuen a las demandas de los estudiantes durante el desarrollo didáctico de los programas del currículo. Debido a su gran riqueza y complejidad, el tema de las regiones naturales de Colombia es uno de los contenidos para cuya comprensión los estudiantes presentan recurrentemente serias dificultades. Motivados por esta situación, el propósito de este estudio ha consistido en evaluar el efecto de la implementación de la herramienta de Realidad Aumentada (RA) en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de educación básica. En cuanto a la metodología, se enmarca en un estudio de tipo cuasi experimental, que partió de una búsqueda de información, observación directa y aplicación de pruebas de entrada y salida a estudiantes organizados en dos grupos de trabajo (experimental y control). El contexto del estudio fue el Colegio Virginia Gutiérrez de Pineda, ubicado en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se encontró que los estudiantes del grupo experimental evidenciaron un aprendizaje significativo, asimilaron la información teórica con mayor facilidad y mejoraron los resultados en la prueba de salida con respecto a la prueba de entrada. En función de estos resultados, se recomienda invertir recursos económicos, tiempo y personal para capacitación en tecnologías de realidad aumentada y diseño de material didáctico que permita optimizar los procesos de aprendizaje en los estudiantes.
Servicio educativo: una revisión legislativa de su estructuración frente a las obligaciones del estado
Authors: Aguilar Barreto Andrea Johana
Published: April 2020

En Colombia la Ley 115 de 1994 desde su artículo 3º menciona que el servicio educativo es prestado por instituciones de carácter público, aunque se permite a los particulares y otras organizaciones del sector solidario fundar establecimientos educativos siempre que se cumplan las condiciones y los requisitos establecidos en la Ley. El presente documento realiza un revisión histórico legislativa de la forma como se ha estructurado de la educación en Colombia, sus distintas modalidades y La estructura curricular que desde el PEI cada institución debe garantizar; de esta revisión documental se devela el compromiso del estado colombiano frente al acceso, la permanencia y la calidad del sistema en su rol de garante de este derecho y servicio público. La presente investigación realiza un análisis del servicio educativo a partir de las realidades del sistema, para finalmente estimar su pertinencia frente a las realidades generacionales.
Modernidad y Educación:
Authors: Chaparro Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Jaimes Márquez Maritza Carolina , Prada Núñez Raúl
Published: April 2020

El artículo describe y analiza aspectos generales y de orden histórico relacionados con el proceso de configuración de la modernidad; destaca cuáles fueron los postulados que en ese contexto y en el marco de ese proceso fueron planteándose con relación a la educación; reivindica los sustratos humanistas de esos postulados, y los contrasta con lo que actualmente acontece en esta materia. A este respecto, se aduce que, no obstante, la distancia temporal que nos separa de aquella experiencia, en ella aún podemos hallar valiosos elementos que han de permitirnos pensar y reflexionar sobre los problemas que actualmente nos aquejan como sociedad y como comunidad educativa.
Sonic Empowerment: Reframing "atmosphere" through Sonic Urban Design
Authors: Nicola Di Croce
Published: April 2020

“Urban atmosphere,” which concerns the intangible features that give “life” to everyday environments, provides an important means of appreciating the self-image and narratives of marginalized towns and localities. This paper posits listening critically to sonic environments as a means of exploring and reframing urban atmosphere. Listening practices with a sound art-oriented approach can empower local inhabitants and municipalities by inspiring the collaborative governance of immaterial commons. Sonic urban design, which converges sound art and planning, is presented as a tool for developing awareness of the “uniqueness” and fragility of urban atmosphere through listening activities and proposed community-based sonic guidelines. The initial outcomes of my participation as an artist in residence during the sound art festival Liminaria 2018 provides a recent example of sonic urban design in practice.
Researching fakes: practising anthropology out of the corner of one's eye
Authors: Craciun Magdalena
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses the style of anthropological inquiry forged through attempts at grasping the elusive presence of fake branded goods. Although they are morally and legally combated, and culturally and socially derided, fake branded goods are ubiquitous. An anthropologist interested in researching ways in which people do find a place for the fakes in their lives is nevertheless challenged in various ways. In brief, the ubiquitous becomes elusive, and the anthropologist is suspected of secretly laughing at and condemning people, practices and objects. Reflecting upon the particularities and constraints of such a field experience, this paper argues for the advantages of practicing anthropology out of the corner of one's eye. This is a method of capturing something that is not discussed straightforwardly, something that quickly turns from visible into invisible. At the same time, it is an attitude in which discretion and respect mingle with diffidence.
Querying medical and legal discourses of queer sexes and genders in South Africa
Authors: Klein Thamar
Published: April 2020

South Africa is one of the most progressive countries worldwide regarding the rights of people with variations of gender identity and/or sex development. This paper queries medical and legal discourses of queer sex and gender. It takes a look at the medico-legal discourses on people whose identities and/or bodies exist outside of the binary of male and female or transition within this binary in South Africa.
Priest, development worker, or volunteer? Anthropological research and ascribed identities in rural Mozambique
Authors: Walker Michael
Published: April 2020

Over the last two decades anthropologists have devoted increasing analytical space to questioning, challenging, and reflecting on how different identities and positionalities structure power relations and shape social interactions in a diversity of research contexts. Many of these works reveal how identities are constructed, contested, and negotiated through the process of conducting research. During 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork in central Mozambique I was mistaken for a priest, alleged to be a spy, and assumed to be a U.S. Peace Corps volunteer. In this article, I explore how my identity, and the identities ascribed to me, shaped my interactions with people living in rural Mozambique and structured the types of relationships and data I was able to collect. My experience highlights the contextually grounded and negotiated nature of identity construction and how individual identities are understood and interpreted through broader historical, political, and economic contexts.
"Sister Akua, they say you should dance": negotiating roles in participant observation
Authors: Graveling Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

Relationships, and specifically the relationship between the fieldworker and the research subjects, are at the core of the process of all anthropological and ethnographic research and to a very large extent determine the outcomes of the research. In addressing the question of how far a participant observer should attempt to "become" a member of the group she is studying, we must also recognise the complexity of individual and social identities assumed or attributed to her. When the distinction between aspects of "self" and "other" is blurred, the fieldworker can be simultaneously (but not fully) "insider" and "outsider" in different facets of her identity and in different relationships. Drawing on experiences of recent ethnographic fieldwork among members of churches in a village in southern Ghana, this paper explores aspects of identity that contribute to this ambivalent status of the fieldworker. It considers the extent to which the researcher has control over her research roles and the implications of this in terms of access, acceptance, data collection, and obligations and responsibilities of the researcher to her informants.
Studying-up those who fell down: elite transformation in Nepal
Authors: Lotter Stefanie
Published: April 2020

This article discusses the methodological challenges of studying elites, and argues that both the negotiation of access and the position of the researcher in relation to the studied elite group are vital to the research outcome. Unlike previous studies that took the stance of associating with the elites, this article favours a perspective 'from below' borrowing conceptually from 'subaltern studies' to reveal the working of gatekeepers and the study of imposed hierarchy as an inherent part of the representation of an elite culture. Studying the Rana, an elite clan past its prime, this study shows that an approach beginning with the declined periphery and proceeding to the power centre presents an extensive view on the working of elites.
The arts of the remix: ethnography and rap
Authors: Lashua Brett
Published: April 2020

In this paper I take note of 'the arts of the remix', in which techniques of producing hip-hop music with First Nations young people in Canada involved remixing both music and research practices. Through a school-based leisure programme called The Beat of Boyle Street, I taught Aboriginal young people to use computers and audio software to make, produce, and record their own hip-hop music. The programme's research component involved a bricolage of arts-based and performance ethnographic techniques and analyses. The shared music-making process opened space for storytelling, and the songs that were produced articulated many of the struggles and hopes of First Nations youth.
Making mountains, producing narratives, or: 'One day some poor sod will write their Ph.D. on this'
Authors: Lund Katrín
Published: April 2020

This paper looks at ways of narrating mountaineering experiences in Scotland. I shall examine how mountaineers organise and abstract their experiences in the form of lists, logbooks, photographs and drawings, and compare to the official listing of Scotland's topography. My argument is that when storing experiences in various material forms, mountaineers are creating their own personal topographies. These entail narratives invested through the bodily act of moving over the ground on foot. Not only are these narratives a form of play, through which mountaineers reanimate their experiences, but they are also often transformed into documents, such as logbooks, diaries, or collections of photographs and drawings. Although the topographies as created in these documents may appear to be frozen in time, I suggest that they continue to generate the movements in which they are grounded. As such they are part of an unfinished and ultimately unfinishable jigsaw puzzle. This will lead me to consider what anthropologists can learn about their own ways of organising and abstracting their experiences from examining the material culture of mountaineers.
New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 1
Authors: Sabovljevic Marko , Tomovic Gordana , Niketic Marjan , Lazarevic Predrag , Lazarevic Maja , Latinovic Jelena , Latinovic Nedeljko , Kabas Eva , Djurovic Sanja , Kutnar Lado , Skudnik Mitja , Pantovic Jovana , Stevanoski Ivana , Vukojicic Snezana , Veljic Milan
Published: April 2020

The present paper gives new records of the following taxa in SE Europe and
adjacent regions, together with significant data pertaining to them: the
pathogenic fungus Arthrocladiella mougeotii; the liverwort Riccia frostii;
the mosses Campylopus fragilis, C. introflexus and Tomentypnum nitens; the
fern Allosorus persicus; the monocots Allium atropurpureum and Sisyrinchium
montanum; and the dicots Calluna vulgaris and Santolina chamaecyparissus.
The effect of synthesis of the starting powders on the properties of Cu-Ti-TiB2 alloy obtained by laser melting
Authors: Stasic J. , Bozic D.
Published: April 2020

A comparison was made between layer-by-layer laser melting (LM) of two types
of feedstock powders: (1) elemental powder blend and (2) mechanically
alloyed powder. LM was done by Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm (max. average power
100 W) in argon ambience. Samples synthesized were Cu-Ti-TiB2 rectangular
tracks (20?6?1 mm), and input parameters of the process: powder layer
thickness 100-250 ?m, hatch spacing 1 mm, pulse length 4 ms, energy 4 J,
pulse repetition rate 20 Hz. Part of the samples was heat-treated in argon
at 900 ?C, 10 h. Structural characterization of the samples was done using
light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Chemical analysis
of the as-obtained laser melted samples was done by inductively coupled
plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). It was established that the
microstructure of LM samples was comprised of Cu-Ti and Cu-B solid regions,
and in situ formed microparticles of primary TiB2. Only after
high-temperature thermal treatment has the secondary TiB2 occurred. Tensile
tests showed much higher strengthening in heat-treated samples with
mechanically alloyed powder as starting material, where the formation of
secondary TiB2 nanoparticles was considerable.
Synthesis and characterization of monophase CaO-TiO2-SiO2 (sphene) based glass-ceramics
Authors: Maletaskic Jelena , Todorovic Bratislav , Gilic Martina , Marinovic-Cincovic Milena , Yoshida Katsumi , Gubarevich Anna , Matovic Branko
Published: April 2020

Sphene based glass-ceramics (CaTiSiO5), an excellent candidate for a host lattice of ceramic materials and for nuclear waste immobilization, has been prepared from a powder mixture of CaCO3, TiO2 and SiO2 using vibro-milling for homogenization. Starting powders were melted at 1400?C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, grounded again, then crystallized by thermal treatment yielding a sphene glass-ceramic. The evolution of the phase composition during thermal treatment was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), FT-IR, Raman and thermal analyses (TG-DTA). Pure synthetic single phase sphene was formed at 800?C for 4 h, even it is very hard to obtain monophase powder at such low temperature. Powder morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Acute Hyperglycemia Increases Brain Pregenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex Glutamate Concentrations in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Admin Ada , Bolo Nicolas R. , Jacobson Alan M. , Musen Gail , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Simonson Donald C.
Published: April 2020

The
brain mechanisms underlying the association of
hyperglycemia with depressive symptoms are unknown. We
hypothesized that disrupted glutamate metabolism in pregenual anterior
cingulate cortex (ACC)
in type 1 diabetes (T1D) without depression affects
emotional processing. Using proton magnetic resonance
spectroscopy (MRS), we measured glutamate concentrations in ACC and occipital
cortex (OCC) in 13 T1D without major depression (HbA1c=7.1±0.7% [54±7mmol/mol])
and 11 healthy non-diabetic controls (HbA1c=5.5±0.2% [37±3mmol/mol]) during
fasting euglycemia (EU) followed by a 60-minute +5.5mmol/l hyperglycemic clamp
(HG). Intrinsic neuronal activity was
assessed using resting-state blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI to
measure the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations in slow-band 4 (fALFF4). Emotional processing and depressive symptoms
were assessed using emotional tasks (Emotional-Stroop,
Self-Referent-Encoding-Task SRET) and clinical ratings (HAM-D, SCL-90-R),
respectively. During HG, ACC glutamate
increased (1.2mmol/kg, +10%, p=0.014) while ACC fALFF4
was unchanged (-0.007, -2%, p=0.449) in T1D; in
contrast, glutamate was unchanged (-0.2mmol/kg,
-2%, p=0.578) while fALFF4 decreased (-0.05, -13%, p=0.002) in controls. OCC glutamate and
fALFF4 were unchanged in both groups. T1D
had longer SRET negative-word response-times (p=0.017) and higher depression-rating
scores (HAM-D p=0.020; SCL-90-R-depression p=0.008). Higher glutamate change tended to associate
with longer Emotional-Stroop response-times in T1D only. Brain glutamate must be tightly controlled during
hyperglycemia due to the risk for neurotoxicity with excessive levels. Results suggest that ACC glutamate control mechanisms
are disrupted in T1D, which affects glutamatergic neurotransmission related to emotional
or cognitive processing. Increased prefrontal
glutamate during acute hyperglycemic episodes could explain our previous
findings of associations between chronic hyperglycemia, cortical thinning and
depressive symptoms in T1D.
Dietary Manganese, Plasma Markers of Inflammation, and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women: Findings From the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Gong Jung Ho , Lo Kenneth , Liu Qing , Li Jie , Lai Shuiqing , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Arcan Chrisa , Snetselaar Linda , Liu Simin
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

To examine the association between manganese intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women and determine whether this association is mediated by circulating markers of inflammation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We included 84,285 postmenopausal women without a history of diabetes from the national Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). Replication analysis was then conducted among 62,338 women who participated in the WHI-Clinical Trial (WHI-CT). Additionally, data from a case-control study of 3,749 women nested in the WHI-OS with information on biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were examined using mediation analysis to determine the relative contributions of these known biomarkers by which manganese affects type 2 diabetes risk.

RESULTS

Compared with the lowest quintile of energy-adjusted dietary manganese, WHI-OS participants in the highest quintile had a 30% lower risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70 [95% CI 0.65, 0.76]). A consistent association was also confirmed in the WHI-CT (HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.73, 0.85]). In the nested case-control study, higher energy-adjusted dietary manganese was associated with lower circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers that significantly mediated the association between dietary manganese and type 2 diabetes risk. Specifically, 19% and 12% of type 2 diabetes risk due to manganese were mediated through interleukin 6 and hs-CRP, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher intake of manganese was directly associated with a lower type 2 diabetes risk independent of known risk factors. This association may be partially mediated by inflammatory biomarkers.
Microbiota-related metabolites and the risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Vangipurapu Jagadish , Silva Lilian Fernandes , Kuulasmaa Teemu , Smith Ulf , Laakso Markku
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have highlighted the significance of microbiome in human
health and disease. Changes in the metabolites produced by microbiota have been
implicated in several diseases. Our objective was to identify microbiome metabolites
that are associated with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND
METHODS: 5,181 participants from the cross-sectional METabolic
Syndrome In Men (METSIM) study that included Finnish men (age 57 ± 7 years, body
mass index 26.5 ± 3.5 kg/m2) having metabolomics data available were
included in our study. Metabolomics analysis was performed based on fasting plasma
samples. Based on an oral glucose tolerance test, Matsuda ISI and Disposition
index were calculated as markers of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion.
A total of 4,851 participants had a 7.4-year follow-up visit and 522
participants developed type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS: Creatine, 1-palmitoleoylglycerol(16:1), urate, 2-hydroxybutyrate/2-hydroxyisobutyrate,
xanthine, xanthurenate, kynurenate, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate,
1-oleoylglycerol(18:1), 1-myristoylglycerol(14:0), dimethylglycine and 2-hydroxyhippurate(salicylurate)
were significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. These
metabolites were associated with decreased insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity
or both. Among the metabolites that were associated with a decreased risk of
type 2 diabetes, 1-linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (18:2) significantly reduced
the risk of type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS: Several novel and previously reported microbial metabolites related to gut
microbiota were associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes,
and they were also associated with decreased insulin secretion and insulin
sensitivity. Microbial metabolites are important biomarkers for the risk of
type 2 diabetes.
Branched-Chain Amino Acids Exacerbate Obesity-Related Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Disorders via Attenuating Akt2 Signaling
Authors: Admin Ada , Zhao Huishou , Zhang Fuyang , Sun Dan , Wang Xiong , Zhang Xiaomeng , Zhang Jinglong , Yan Feng , Huang Chong , Xie Huaning , Lin Chen , Liu Yi , Fan Miaomiao , Yan Wenjun , Chen Youhu , Lian Kun , Li Yueyang , Zhang Ling , Wang Shan , Tao Ling
Published: April 2020

Branched chain amino
acids (BCAAs) are associated with the progression of obesity-related metabolic
disorders, including T2DM and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, whether
BCAAs disrupt the homeostasis of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism remains
unknown. In this study, we observed that BCAAs supplementation significantly
reduced high-fat (HF) diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation while increasing the plasma
lipid levels and promoting muscular and renal lipid accumulation. Further
studies demonstrated that BCAAs supplementation significantly increased hepatic
gluconeogenesis and suppressed hepatic lipogenesis in HF diet-induced obese
(DIO) mice. These phenotypes resulted from severe attenuation of Akt2 signaling
via mTORC1- and mTORC2-dependent pathways. BCAAs/branched-chain α-keto acids
(BCKAs) chronically suppressed Akt2 activation through mTORC1 and mTORC2
signaling and promoted Akt2 ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation through the mTORC2 pathway.
Moreover, the E3 ligase Mul1 played an essential role in BCAAs/BCKAs-mTORC2-induced
Akt2 ubiquitin-dependent degradation. We also demonstrated that BCAAs inhibited hepatic
lipogenesis by blocking Akt2/SREBP1/INSIG2a signaling and increased hepatic
glycogenesis by regulating Akt2/Foxo1 signaling. Collectively, these data
demonstrate that in DIO mice, BCAAs supplementation resulted in serious hepatic
metabolic disorder and severe liver insulin resistance: insulin failed to not
only suppress gluconeogenesis but also activate lipogenesis. Intervening BCAA
metabolism is a potential therapeutic target for severe insulin-resistant disease.
CONDITION OF RIG-IAND NF-KB-SIGNAL PATHWAYS IN MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF WHOLE BLOOD OF PRACTICALLY HEALTHY PEOPLE AND RECONVENCENTS OF PNEUMONIA AFFECTED BY MITOGENIC STIMULATION
Authors: Terekhov I. V , Nikiforov V. S , Bondar S. S , Bondar N. V , Parfenyuk V. K
Published: April 2020

The key role in the antiviral and antimicrobial defense of the body is played by the RIG-I and NF-kB signaling pathways. The RIG-I signaling pathway activates interferon-regulated factors IRF3 and IRF7, and the central component of the NF-kB signaling pathway, the nuclear transcription factor NF-kB, determines the production of endogenous antimicrobial peptides and interferons by cells. One of the key regulators of the RIG-I signaling pathway is the mitochondrial protein MAVS, which integrates signals from receptors that recognize pathogenicity patterns. The influence of various factors, such as bacterial toxins, free radicals, reactive oxygen species, leads to MAVS dysfunction, impaired antiviral resistance and the progression of viral infection. However, despite the important role of the proteins of the RIG-I-pathway and the components of the NF-KB-signaling pathway in ensuring the body's resistance to infections and sanogenesis, their significance in the postclinical phase has not been fully studied. The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of the components of RIG-I and NF-kB signaling pathways in mononuclear cells of whole blood of healthy individuals and pneumonia convalescents after exposure to a complex mitogen. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determined the content of components of the NF-kB signaling pathway (p50, p65, c-Rel, RelB, NF-kB2), protein kinases of the NF-kB nuclear transcription factor inhibitor (IkB), and RIG-I- proteins in mononuclear cells of whole blood the signal path (TAK1, TBK1, TRIM25, TMEM173, RNF125, IRF3, IRF7, MAVS), RIG-I-dependent helicase (LGP2), the level of phosphorylation of protein kinase p38 and IkB, as well as the production of whole blood cells IL-4, IL-, were evaluated 12, RANTES, cathelicidin and interferons (IFN-p and IFNa). It was established that in the subclinical phase of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in mononuclear cells of whole blood after stimulation with a complex mitogen containing lipopolysaccharide, the content of RelB, MaVS, DHX58, and IRF7 decreased compared to practically healthy individuals, p38 protein kinase dephosphorylation was noted. In contrast, the concentrations of IKKa, IKKp, the level of phosphorylation of kBa, the protein content of TRIM25, TMEM173, OTuD5, RNF125 and tBk1 were increased. These changes were accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the production of IL-4, IL-12, RANTES, cathelicidin and IFN-p against the background of an increase in the level of IFNa. The effect on the mononuclear cells of whole blood of a complex mitogen led to a change in the ratio of the components of the signaling pathways that determine the antibacterial and antiviral defense of the body. In patients with pneumonia, against the background of mitogenic stimulation, the production of cathelicidin,
Gene therapy approaches to the duchenne muscular dystrophy theatment
Authors: Zaynitdinova M. I , Smirnikhina SA. A , Lavrov A. V , Eremin I. I , Pulin A. A
Published: April 2020

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common genetic disease which develops as a result of a mutation in the gene encoding dystrophin. In this review, the main experimental therapeutic approaches based on gene therapy are described. Independence of the type of mutation in the DMD gene is an advantage of the viral delivery of micro- and minidystrophin in muscle cells, but this method provides only a temporary effect. The specificity of the mutation also does not matter with an increase in the level of utrophin, however, this protein cannot fully replace dystrophin. The drugs which promote reading through the stop codon have low efficiency and are suitable for only 10-15% of patients with DMD. The most promising approach for the treatment of DMD is the exon skipping, which will suit 90% of patients. It can be implemented by antisense oligonucleotides or using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated exon skipping is thought to be the most promising approach, because it allows to make the necessary changes in the genome with great efficiency after single application.
Gene therapy in regenerative medicine: latest achievements and actual directions of development
Authors: Slobodkina E. A , Karagyaur M. N , Balabanyan V. Yu , Makarevich P. I
Published: April 2020

Gene therapy is a group of methods for treatment of various groups of diseases by replacement of damaged, introducing new genes or changing their expression. This is a new and actively developing area in biomedicine. Approaches to regulation of gene therapy drugs at all stages - from production, preclinical and clinical trials, as well as registration and marketing approval are not fully developed and regularly updated. This article provides an overview of worldwide approaches to conducting studies of gene therapy drugs and the procedures for their "accelerated registration”. This article as well summarizes our experience of Lomonosov Moscow State University in development of new direction vectors - gene therapy for the delivery of several therapeutic proteins. In the near future, this approach can be used to increase the effectiveness of gene therapy for stimulating vascular and axon growth, and tissue regeneration.
FIRST REPORT OF Cucumis melo endornavirus WITH A NEW HOST, THE GHERKIN (Cucumis anguria Linn.), IN TURKEY
Authors: KARANFİL Ali , KORKMAZ Savaş
Published: April 2020

More than 50 viruses causing infection in members of the family Cucurbitaceae have been identified in the world so far. Because of the development of virus detection methods, new viruses are added to the known infectious cases list every day. One of the viruses recently identified is the Cucumis melo endornavirus (CmEV) which has been reported from different countries all over the world. However, no study for determination of CmEV has been done so far in Turkey. For the purpose of this study, 59 cucurbit plants showing virus and virus-like symptoms were collected from Manisa and İzmir provinces in Turkey. The samples were tested, for presence of CmEV, by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and CmEV infections were detected in 47 samples, of which 44 were melon (Cucumis melo Linn.), and the remaining were gherkins (C. anguria Linn.). Among the infected samples, five samples (three were melon, and two were gherkin) were chosen for sequence analysis. After evaluating the sequence analysis results, it was shown that the Turkish isolates presented 93%-99% and 93%-98% identities at the nucleotide level and 94%-99% and 91%-98% identities at the amino acid level among each other and worldwide isolates, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CmEV in gherkin as a new host both in Turkey and worldwide.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE O CONTEÚDO INFORMACIONAL DOS PARECERES DE AUDITORIA DE OPERADORAS DE PLANOS DE SAÚDE E O ÍNDICE DE SUSTENTABILIDADE DE MERCADO (IDSM)
Authors: Barbosa Bruno Willams Mendonça , Raulino Jácome Marilia Augusta , Saeger Márcia Mª de Medeiros Travassos , Andrade Tabira De Souza
Published: April 2020

O auditor tem como principal atribuição atestar sobre a conformidade e a veracidade das demonstrações contábeis, emitindo parecer “limpo” (sem ressalva), com ressalva, com abstenção de opinião e adverso. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem como objetivo investigar qual a relação entre o conteúdo informacional dos pareceres de auditoria contábil das operadoras de planos de saúde e o índice de sustentabilidade de mercado (IDSM) dessas operadoras, divulgado pela Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS). A população pesquisada engloba as Operadoras de Planos de Saúde (OPS) do Brasil, classificadas como de grande porte pela ANS e o método de pesquisa empregado se caracteriza como descritivo e bibliográfico, com a utilização da técnica qualitativa de análise de conteúdo dos pareceres emitidos pela auditoria independente. O período de análise compreendeu os anos de 2014 a 2018. Os resultados conduziram ao entendimento de que há indícios da relação entre o conteúdo informacional dos pareceres da auditoria e o IDSM, no entanto, o estudo apresentou a limitação relacionada à ausência da divulgação de pareceres por algumas OPS. Portanto, os resultados indicam a necessidade de estas OPS se adequarem ao princípio da transparência, divulgando seus demonstrativos contábeis acompanhados dos pareceres da auditoria, além de sinalizar a necessidade de regulação à ANS quanto aos aspectos de divulgação dessas informações.
UMA ANÁLISE DO CRIME CORPORATIVO DE CORRUPÇÃO A PARTIR DA TEORIA DOS CUSTOS DE TRANSAÇÃO
Authors: De Lacerda Leandro Pereira , Motta Rodrigo Guimarães , Dos Santos Neusa Maria Bastos Fernandes
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo fazer uma análise dos crimes corporativos de corrupção, a partir dos conceitos da teoria dos custos de transação, especificamente do conceito do oportunismo. Através de uma pesquisa descritiva documental, será analisado o conteúdo da delação premiada do ex-presidente da Odebrecht, Marcelo Odebrecht, e investigados os indícios de comportamento oportunista no fato gerador dos crimes.  Ao final, são demonstradas as evidências, citando trechos da delação, com a explicação do contexto ao qual pertencem, concluindo, assim, que o comportamento oportunista foi uma das causas da corrupção empresarial da Odebrecht. Além disso, será apresentada a classificação da corrupção no tipo de custo de transação, como os custos de barganha, conforme definido por Coase. This article aims to analyze corporate corruption crimes, taking into account the concepts from the transaction costs theory, and, more specifically, the concept of opportunism. Through a descriptive documented research, we will analyze the contents of the plea deal struck for the former Odebrecht CEO, Marcelo Odebrecht, and investigate the traces of opportunistic behavior as crime generator. In the end, evidence is demonstrated and parts of the plea deal are mentioned, including their correspondent contexts, thus concluding that an opportunistic behavior was one of the causes of the corporate corruption case at Odebrecht. Besides that, we will present a classification on corruption considering the type of transaction cost, such as bargaining costs, as defined by Coase.
О ФОРМИРОВАНИИ УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫХ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ ПРИ РЕШЕНИИ ЗАДАЧ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ В МОДУЛЕ «КЛАССИЧЕСКАЯ МЕХАНИКА»
Authors: Azorkina Olesya , Kirillova Elena
Published: April 2020

В работе изучаются некоторые аспекты формирования универсальных компетенций в курсе «Теоретическая физика» (модуль «Классическая механика») для бакалавриата педагогических вузов. В качестве примера выбран фрагмент курса, связанный с нахождением закона движения тела. При решении задач активно используются знания из математических курсов. Актуальность темы заключается в том, что курс теоретической физики объединяет дисциплины естественно-научного и математического циклов, поэтому важно суметь в полной мере использовать накопленные знания для подъема на новый, интегральный уровень освоения учебной информации. Новизна подхода состоит в том, что он дает возможность одновременно формировать научное, исследовательское мышление обучающихся; навыки методики преподавания будущими педагогами физико-математических дисциплин; развивать творческий потенциал обучающихся. Показано, как при решении выбранных задач у студентов формируется набор группы УК-1.

The paper studies some aspects of the formation of universal competencies (UC) in the course of theoretical physics for students of pedagogical universities. As an example, a fragment of the course of classical mechanics is selected, associated with finding the law of motion of the body in Newton’s formulation. Four types of tasks are considered, which differ mainly in the nature of the time dependence of the resulting force. When solving the problems of the module “Classical Mechanics” of a course in theoretical physics, knowledge from mathematical courses (Mathematical Analysis, Differential Equations) is actively used, which stimulates the students’ analytical and creative intellectual activity. The relevance of the topic is that the course of theoretical physics combines the disciplines of the natural science and mathematical cycles, and it is important to be able to fully use the knowledge accumulated by students to reach a new, integral level of understanding of educational information. The novelty of this approach is that it makes it possible to simultaneously form the scientific, research thinking of students; mastering the teaching methods of physical and mathematical disciplines (which is important for future teachers); to develop the creative potential of students when choosing a particular decision algorithm. The article shows how, when solving selected problems, students form a set of competencies of the UС-1 group.
Assessing the Level of Sustainability in the Egyptian Banking Sector
Authors: Dawood Aly Saad Mohamed , Eldahan Omar H.
Published: April 2020

This research aims to evaluate Egyptian banks’ sustainable performance and to rank them according to the assessing framework criteria. The researchers depended on the 2017 annual reports of 26 Egyptian banks and sustainability reports (if available). Then, the banks were categorized according to their type (public, private, or Islamic). Finally, the banks’ total assets were extracted in order to further categorize the banks into small and large based on the threshold of EGP 75 billion.

The data from the reports were analyzed using the content analysis application NPV11 to measure the sustainability adoption score. Then, a Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine if there is a significant difference in sustainability banking performance score of public, private and Islamic sector banks in Egypt. Finally, a Spearman’s Rank Correlation was used to test correlation between bank size and sustainability adoption score.

The results showed that there are only two banks that have significantly began to adopt sustainability practices from the private sector while no public or Islamic Bank showed any significant implementation. Furthermore, results reveled that there are nine banks with a score greater than zero and this was reasoned to be a result of the initiatives of the Central Bank of Egypt to provide low-interest loans to support small startup enterprises. Then, it was found that there isn’t significant difference in sustainability banking performance score of public, private and Islamic banks in Egypt. Finally, no significant relation between bank size and sustainability adoption score in Egypt was identified.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA LINTAS MINAT GEOGRAFI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN GEOGRAFI KELAS X MIA SMA NEGERI 3 TELADAN KOTA BUKITTINGGI
Authors: Utami Anggun Dwi , Erna Ernawati , Dion Nofrion
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis (1) pengaruh motivasi intrinsik siswa lintas minat geografi terhadap hasil belajar geografi, (2) pengaruh motivasi ekstrinsik siswa lintas minat geografi terhadap hasil belajar geografi, dan (3) pengaruh motivasi belajar siswa lintas minat geografi terhadap hasil belajar geografi kelas X MIA tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 SMA Negeri 3 Teladan Kota Bukittinggi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif korelasional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa lintas minat geografi kelas X MIA SMA Negeri 3 Teladan Kota Bukittinggi sebanyak 104 orang. Sampel penelitian ini diambil menggunakan metode random sampling dan menggunakan rumus Slovin dalam Siregar, sehingga sampel penelitian berjumlah 82 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket. Sebelum melakukan penelitian terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji coba angket untuk menentukan validitas dan realibilitas instrumen penelitian. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara motivasi intrinsik siswa lintas minat geografi terhadap hasil belajar geografi dengan kontribusi 19,8%, (2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara motivasi ekstrinsik siswa lintas minat geografi terhadap hasil belajar geografi dengan kontribusi 15,9%, (3) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara motivasi belajar siswa lintas minat geografi terhadap hasil belajar geografi kelas X MIA tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 SMA Negeri 3 Teladan Kota Bukittinggi dengan kontribusi 26,3%.