bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Crustal Stress Field of Germany - A Refined Prediction
Authors: Ahlers Steffen , Röckel Luisa , Hergert Tobias , Reiter Karsten , Heidbach Oliver , Henk Andreas , Müller Birgit , Morawietz Sophia , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena , Anikiev Denis
Published: December 2021

Information about the absolute stress state in the upper crust plays a crucial role in the planning and execution of e.g., directional drilling, stimulation and exploitation of geothermal and hydrocarbon reservoirs. Since many of these applications are related to sediments, we present a refined geomechanical-numerical model for Germany with focus on sedimentary basins, able to predict the complete 3D stress tensor. The lateral resolution of the model is 2.5 km, the vertical resolution about 250 m. Our model contains 22 units with focus on the sedimentary layers parameterized with individual rock properties. The model results show an overall good fit with magnitude data of the minimum (Shmin) and maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) that are used for the model calibration. The mean of the absolute stress differences between these calibration data and the model results is 4.6 MPa for Shmin and 6.4 MPa for SHmax. In addition, our predicted stress field shows good agreement to several supplementary in situ data from the North German Basin, the Upper Rhine Graben and the Molasse Basin.
Sexual Development Dysgenesis in Interspecific Hybrids of Rice Fish
Authors: Martinez-Bengochea Anabel , Kneitz Susanne , Herpin Amaury , Nóbrega Rafael Henrique , Adolfi Mateus C. , Schartl Manfred
Published: December 2021

Fish are amongst vertebrates the group with the highest diversity of known sex-determining genes. Particularly, the genus Oryzias is a suitable taxon to understand how different sex determination genetic networks evolved in closely related species. Two closely related species, O. latipes and O. curvinotus, do not only share the same XX/XY sex chromosome system, but also the same male sex-determining gene, dmrt1bY. We performed whole mRNA transcriptomes and morphology analyses of the gonads of hybrids resulting from reciprocal crosses between O. latipes and O. curvinotus. XY male hybrids, presenting meiotic arrest and no production of sperm were sterile, and about 30% of the XY hybrids underwent male-to-female sex reversal. Both XX and XY hybrid females exhibited reduced fertility and developed ovotestis while aging. Transcriptome data showed that male-related genes are upregulated in the XX and XY female hybrids. The transcriptomes of both types of female and of the male gonads are characterized by upregulation of meiosis and germ cell differentiation genes. Differences in the parental species in the downstream pathways of sexual development could explain sex reversal, sterility, and the development of intersex gonads in the hybrids. Our results provide molecular clues for the proximate mechanisms of hybrid incompatibility and Haldane’s rule.
LonP1 Links UPRmt and UPRER to Regulate Heart Function
Authors: Li Yujie , Huang Dawei , Shangguan Fugen , Jia Lianqun , Lan Linhua , Gong Shiwei , Shi Yingchao , Song Zhiying , Xu Juan , Yan Chaojun , Chen Tongke , Xu Mingjie , Huang Xingxu , Suzuki Carolyn K. , Yang Zhongzhou , Yang Guanlin , Lu Bin
Published: December 2021

Protein quality control is pivotal to cellular homeostasis and integrity of cardiomyocytes for maintenance of normal heart function. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive process to modulate protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and is accordingly termed UPRER and UPRmt, respectively. Lon protease (LonP1) is a highly conserved mitochondrial protease to modulate UPRmt, which is involved in regulating metabolism, mitophagy, and stress response. However, whether LonP1 regulates UPRER remains elusive. To investigate the regulation of protein quality control in cardiomyocytes, we generated cardiac-specific LonP1 deletion mice. Our findings show that LonP1 deficiency caused impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and fragmentation. Surprisingly, both UPRER and UPRmt is substantially induced in LonP1-deletion heart suggesting of LonP1 as a novel regulator of UPRER; however, the activation of UPRER occurs earlier than UPRmt in response to LonP1 deletion. Consequently, cardiac-specific LonP1 deficiency causes aberrant metabolic reprogramming of cardiomyocytes, pathological heart remodeling, as well as impeded heart function. We uncovered the novel function of LonP1 as an UPRmt mediator, and reciprocal orchestration of UPRmt and UPRER and mitochondrial dynamics regulated by LonP1 in the cardiomyocytes that is critical to maintain heart function, which offers exciting new insights into the potential therapeutic strategy for heart failure.
Water and Heat-Triggered Changes of Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Biological Soil Crusts
Authors: Wei Xiaoting , Qin Fuwen , Han Bing , Zhou Huakun , Liu Miao , Shao Xinqing
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims：The outstanding ability of biological soil crusts (BSCs) in soil microenvironments regulation is mainly attribute to microorganisms that colonizing in biocrusts. We aimed to investigate the changes of bacterial community structure and function with biocrust succession, as well as their responses to climatic changes across large geographical scales.Methods: Algal BSCs and lichen BSCs were sampled along an aridity gradient on alpine grasslands. Bacterial communities in biocrusts were measured using high-throughput sequencing, and soil underlying biocrusts (0-5 cm) was collected for nutrients determination. Results: Our results indicated that compared with algal BSCs, bacterial community in lichen BSCs was characterized by lower diversity, more complex co-occurrence network and mutually beneficial relationships. The bacterial community assembly was governed mainly by stochastic processes for lichen BSCs, which was different from the almost equally important roles of stochastic and deterministic processes for algal BSCs. Geographical location had a significant effect on bacterial communities in both algal and lichen BSCs, while had a greater effect on lichen BSCs. It is noteworthy that the bacterial diversity of algal BSCs was positively correlated with aridity index, while that of lichens was negatively correlated with aridity index. Moreover, we determined lower soil pH and higher soil phosphorus content underlying lichen BSCs, implying their advantages in soil improvement. Conclusions: Aridity index was one of important driving factors of bacterial community in biocrusts, and its effects were biocrust type dependent. Lichen BSCs had greater effects on soil improvement than that of algal BSCs.
Study on the Radial Sectional Velocity Distribution and Wall Shear Stress Associated With Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Song Zhiyong , Zhu Pengrui , Yang Lianzhi , Liu Zhaohui , Li Hua , Li Ruonan , Zhu Weiyao
Published: December 2021

BackgroundAtherosclerosis is an important cause of cardiovascular disease. The wall shear stress (WSS) is one of the key factors of plaque formation and dislodgement. Currently, WSS estimation is based on measurement of the blood velocity gradient. However, due to the lack of flow field measurements in carotid stenosis vessels, the two distribution forms (parabolic and non-parabolic) commonly considered in numerical simulations could cause WSS estimates to differ by more than 40%, which could seriously affect the accuracy of mechanical analysis. MethodsThis study was the first to apply 3D printing technology to create an experimental model of real-structure carotid arteries. Microparticle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) was adopted to comprehensively measure blood velocity field data at the stenosis location, providing experimental validation of numerical simulation (Fluent; finite volume method) results. Then, the flow field was simulated at a normal human heart rate (45-120 beats per minute). ResultsThis study revealed that when blood flowed across the carotid artery stenosis location, the velocity distribution was not parabolic but rather a plateau-shaped distribution, with a similar flow velocity in the central area (more than 65% of the total flow path). The WSS values calculated based on a parabolic velocity distribution and the maximum velocity were nearly 60% lower.ConclusionThis study provides a reliable method for WSS determination to better understand the vascular stenosis location and facilitate flow and shear force field research. In the future, it is necessary to carry out in-depth research on the relationship between the plaque shape, flow field distribution and WSS, and amendments to the calculated WSS for clinical stenosis should be proposed.
Synthesis of silk sericin stabilized silver (Ag-Ser) nanoparticles using Tollens’ method and investigation of its colloidal stability
Authors: Saraçoğlu Mert , Bacınoğlu Begüm , Mertdinç Sıddıka , Timur Servet
Published: December 2021

In this study, sericin extracted from Bombyx mori silk cocoons was integrated into the well-known Tollens’ method for synthesizing Ag-NPs. Sericin successfully acted as a stabilizer while silver amine complex [Ag(NH3)2]+ was reduced by maltose. As a result, silver nanoparticles with high stability are formed. Possible functional groups related to the stabilization of NPs were investigated by Fourier-transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Ag-Ser NPs were characterized by using particle size measurements based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the characterization investigations, Ag-Ser NPs have characteristic (111) face-centered cubic (FFC) plane and were spherical in shape with a narrow size distribution of 20.23 ±6.25 nm. Overall, the sericin-modified Tollens’ method for synthesizing Ag-NPs offers a simple and non-toxic production method to form nanoparticles. Colloidal stability of nanoparticles displays an essential role since their enhanced nano-properties can be diminished by an increase in size due to aggregation and agglomeration. Therefore, the effect of pH on particle stability was investigated through the surface charge of Ag-Ser NPs that was measured using a Zeta-potential analyzer. Results obtained from this study may extend the applicability of silver nanoparticles in biotechnological researches and a potential synthesis route for the application of Ag-Ser NPs as aseptic and therapeutic usages.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Isolation, Characterization, Structural Elucidation and Antibacterial Activities of Leaves Extracts Rhus Vulgaris (Kimmo)
Authors: Anteneh Aderaw , W/Hana Getachew G/Mariam , Meshesha Desta Shumuye
Published: December 2021

Background: Rhus vulgaris commonly known as sumac, a plant that is known to possess different therapeutic values including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Medicines from plants contributed largely to human health. The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemical constituents, isolate, elucidate the structure and antibacterial activity of methanol extract from the leaves of Rhus vulgaris.Methods: The methanolic extract of Rhus vulgaris was subjected to column chromatography and eluted with solvent mixture of methanol: chloroform (1:8) ratio. The eluted fractions were run in the TLC mobile phase with the different solvent ratio. Based on the TLC profile the fractions with similar Rf values were pooled together. The structure of the isolated compound was characterized based on the spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DEPT) and extracts from Rhus vulgaris has been shown to have antibacterial activity were tested against four strains bacteria Streptococcus aureus(gram-positive) and Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and K. pneumoniae (gram-negative) using Agar well diffusion method.Result: The results showed that the methanol extracts were active against all the tested bacteria. The structure of this compound 1-p-tolyl pentadeca-7,9-dien-1-ol was characterized by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectral data.Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that the use of herbal plants and their recipes are the major source of drugs in a traditional medicinal system to cure different diseases.
One-Pot Fabrication Cellulose/Silica Composite Microcapsules and Their Application in Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Lin Ling , Wang Chunxia , Mao Haiyan , Wu Huanling , Li Ziyin
Published: December 2021

Research on multi-functional fabrics is an inevitable trend in the future development of textile field. Nevertheless, the key to the development of multifunctional fabric is how to solve the problem of contradictory function combination and how to achieve the multifunctions. In this work, a novel multifunctional fabric based on cellulose/silica microcapsules was developed by using green, facile and economical methods. Owing to the loaded essence and hydrophobic coupling reagent and UV absorber modified silica of microcapsules, the coated fabric not only exhibited slow-release property of fragrance, but also had excellent superhydrophobicity and ultraviolet (UV) protection. Furthermore, multifunctional fabric also displayed the durable superhydrophobicity and UV protection even after chemically or mechanically damaged. The development of mulfunctional fabrics largely depends on the development of textile functional finishing agent and finishing technology. Therefore, it is very important to develop new functional micrcapsules or finishing agent.
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Modulates The Immune Status of M2 Macrophages in Experimental Periodontitis Induced by Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Mice
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Guan Ning , Gao Xiu-qiu , Wang Lin-yuan
Published: December 2021

Background: M2 macrophages are important innate immune cells that participate in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the immune status of M2 macrophages in periodontitis has not been reported.Methods: An experimental model of periodontitis was established in mice by oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, and then ATRA or vehicle was administered orally to model mice every other day (P.g+ATRA and P.g+CMC mice, respectively). Flow cytometry was used to analyze the numbers of F4/80+CD206+ M2 macrophages in the gingiva, spleen, and peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF). M2 macrophage–related cytokines were quantified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results: Compared with P.g+CMC mice, P.g+ATRA mice showed a significantly reduced cemento-enamel junction to alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) distance. The percentage of F4/80+CD206+ M2 macrophages in gingiva, PLF and spleen in model mice increased after ATRA treatment. The mRNA expression levels of M2 macrophage­–related cytokines (IL-10, TGF-b1 and Arg-1) in gingiva, PLF and spleen of P.g+ATRA mice were higher than those of P.g+CMC mice.Conclusions: These results suggested that ATRA modulates the immune status of M2 macrophages and provides protection against periodontitis by enhancing M2 activation.
Orexin 2 Receptor (OX2R) Protein Distribution Measured by Autoradiography Using Radiolabeled OX2R-Selective Antagonist EMPA in Rodent Brain and Peripheral Tissues
Authors: Mitsukawa Kayo , Kimura Haruhide
Published: December 2021

Orexin, a neuropeptide, performs various physiological functions, including the regulation of emotion, feeding, metabolism, respiration, and sleep/wakefulness, by activating the orexin 1 receptor and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R). Owing to the pivotal role of OX2R in wakefulness and other biological functions, OX2R agonists are being developed. A detailed understanding of OX2R protein distribution is essential for determining the mechanisms of action of OX2R agonists; however, this has been hindered by the lack of selective antibodies. In this study, we first confirmed the OX2R-selective binding of [3H]-EMPA in in vitro autoradiography studies, using brain slices from OX2R knockout mice and their wild-type littermates. Subsequently, OX2R protein distribution in rats was comprehensively assessed in 51 brain regions and 10 peripheral tissues using in vitro autoradiography with [3H]-EMPA. The widespread distribution of OX2R protein, including that in previously unrecognized regions of the retrosplenial cortex and suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, was identified. In contrast, negligible/very low OX2R protein expression was observed in peripheral tissues, suggesting that orexin exerts OX2R-dependent physiological functions primarily through activation of the central nervous system. These data would be useful for understanding the wide range of biological functions of OX2R and the application of OX2R agonists in various disorders.
Evaluation of Jinlida Granules in Improvements to Standard-Reaching Rate of Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms: Results of Secondary Analysis From 12-Week Trial
Authors: Jin De , Zhang Yuqing , Duan Yingying , An Xudong , Kang Xiaomin , Lian Fengmei , Tong Xiaolin
Published: December 2021

Background

The previous study found that the Jinlida could significantly reduce levels of blood glucose and enhance the lowing-glucose action of metformin. However, the role of the standard-reaching rate of blood glucose and improving clinical symptoms in Jinlida has yet to be studied. We aimed to elaborate on the efficacy of Jinlida in Type 2 diabetics who experience clinical symptoms based on secondary analysis from the 12-week trial.
Methods

Data were analyzed from a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, study of Jinlida. The standard-reaching rate of blood glucose, total symptom score, the efficacy of single symptom, symptom disappearance rate, symptom improvement rate was evaluated. Then, the correlation of the symptom effective rate and HbA1c was analyzed.
Results

192 T2DM patients were randomly allocated to receive either Jinlida or a placebo for 12 consecutive weeks. The standard-reaching rate of HbA1c (<6.5%) was 25% in the treatment group when compared to 14.9% in the control group. (P=0.046); All the symptom exhibited a change difference, comparing the treatment group to the control group after 12 weeks’ intervention. (P< 0.05); Hunger, polyuria, dry mouth, sweating and dysphoria in chestpalms-soles symptoms exhibited a change difference in the treatment group, compared to that in the control group. (P<0.05). All the symptom exhibited a significant difference in symptom improvement rate. (P<0.05).
Conclusions

Jinlida glandule can effectively improve clinical symptoms of type 2 diabetics including thirsty, fatigue, hunger, polyuria, dry mouth, night-sweat, dysphoria in chenstplms-soles and constipation. It can be used as an effective adjuvant treatment for T2DM who experience those symptoms. However, these findings need to be further confirmed by evidence-based medicine.
Pd On Thermo-Responsive Composite of Silica-Coated Carbon Nanotube And 1-Vinyl-3-Butylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Copolymers As An Efficient Catalyst For Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds
Authors: Sadjadi Samahe , Abedian-Dehaghani Neda , Heravi Majid M.
Published: December 2021

In this work, an ionic liquid-containing thermo-responsive heterogeneous catalyst with utility for promoting hydrogenation of nitro-compounds in aqueous media is developed. To prepare the catalyst, silica-coated carbon nanotubes were synthesized and vinyl-functionalized. The resulted compound was then polymerized with 1-viny-3-butylimidazolium bromide and N-isopropylacrylamide. The obtained ionic liquid-containing thermo-responsive composite was palladated via wet-impregnation method to give the final catalyst. Study of the performance of the catalyst confirmed high catalytic activity of the catalyst at temperature above the lower critical solution temperature. Furthermore, the catalyst was highly recyclable and showed negligible Pd leaching upon recycling. Broad substrate scope and selectivity of the catalyst towards reduction of nitro functionality were also confirmed. Furthermore, hot filtration test implied the heterogeneous nature of the catalysis. The comparison of the activity of Pd/CNT-P with some control catalysts approved the importance of hybridization of P and CNT and the presence of ionic liquid for the catalytic activity.
The Effects of Processing Parameters on the Wedge Peel Strength of CF/PEEK Laminates Manufactured Using a Laser Tape Placement Process
Authors: Zhang Chenping , Duan Yugang , Xiao Hong , Wang Ben , Ming Yueke , Zhu Yansong , Zhang Fugan
Published: December 2021

Manufacturing thermoplastic composites (TPC) with excellent mechanical properties requires advanced methods with reduced costs and better overall efficiencies. In this study, fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composite laminates were manufactured using an automated fiber placement (AFP) manufacturing technology. The effects of processing temperature (from 320 ℃ to 500 ℃), lay-up speed (from 20 mm/s to 260 mm/s), consolidation force (from 100 N to 600 N), and prepreg tape tension (from 0 N to 9 N) on the quality of the resulting laminates manufactured using the laser AFP system were investigated. The interlayer bond strength was characterized using wedge peel tests on samples prepared with different process parameters. The studies were complemented by measurements of the thermal properties of the composites using different scanning calorimetry. The optimized process parameter windows were determined to be 360 ℃ to 400 ℃ for the irradiation temperature, 140 mm/s to 160 mm/s for the lay-up speed, 100 N for the consolidation force, and 3 N to 5 N for the prepreg tape tension, respectively. The microscopic analysis of the cross-sections and peel-damaged surfaces revealed that the different distributions of the resin matrix resulting from the different processing parameters affected the interlayer strength. These results may provide an important reference for manufacturing TPC used in aerospace, defense, and automotive applications.
Perhexiline Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Dissociation Between Potentiation of Nitric Oxide Signalling and Changes in Insulin Resistance
Authors: Chong Cher-Rin , Liu Saifei , Imam Hasan , Heresztyn Tamila , Sallustio Benedetta , Chirkov Yuliy Y , Horowitz John D
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Perhexiline (Px) has previously been utilized primarily in the treatment of otherwise refractory angina pectoris and/or systolic heart failure. In recent years, Px has also shown increasing promise as a potential chemotherapeutic agent. Px inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferases 1 and 2 (CPT1, CPT2), which control uptake of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria and thus represent the rate-limiting steps in their metabolism. However, occasional cases of hypoglycaemia have been reported in Px-treated patients, raising the possibility that Px may also increase sensitivity to insulin. Furthermore, Px increases anti-aggregatory responses to nitric oxide (NO), an effect which may parallel insulin sensitization. No previous studies have examined either the effect of Px on insulin sensitivity, or the relationship of such putative changes with effects on NO signalling. We therefore sought to examine these relationships in patients with stable T2D and cardiovascular disease.Methods: In 30 patients with concomitant T2D and cardiovascular disease, Px was initiated, and dosage was titrated to reach therapeutic range and to prevent toxicity. Investigations were performed before and after 2 weeks, to examine changes in insulin sensitivity, platelet responsiveness to the anti-aggregatory effects of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as well as other markers of inflammation and modulators of NO signaling.Results: Px substantially potentiated inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by SNP (from 16.7±3.0 to 27.3±3.7%; p=0.005). Px did not change fasting blood glucose concentrations and reduced insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR score increased from median of 4.47 to 6.08; p=0.028), via increasing fasting plasma insulin concentrations (median 16.5 to 19.0 mU/L: p=0.014). Increases in SNP responses tended (r=-0.30; p=0.11) to be reciprocally related to increases in HOMA-IR. No patient developed symptomatic hypoglycaemia, nor was there any other short-term toxicity of Px.Conclusions: In patients with stable T2D and cardiovascular disease, Px is not an insulin sensitizer, and does not normally induce hypoglycaemia. These results effectively dissociate the NO-sensitizing effect of Px from variability in insulin signaling.
Diversity of satDNA fraction in Cestrum, the Genus with the Largest Genomes within Solanaceae
Authors: de Souza Thaissa Boldieri , Parteka Leticia Maria , de Assis Rafael , Vanzela Andre Luis Laforga
Published: December 2021

Cestrum species present large genomes (~24 pg), a high occurrence of B chromosomes, and great diversity in heterochromatin bands. Despite this, there is maintenance of chromosome shape and karyotype symmetry. To deepen our knowledge on Cestrum genome composition, low coverage sequencing data of C. strigilatum and C. elegans were compared. Bioinformatics analyses showed retrotransposons comprising more than 70% of the repetitive fraction, followed by transposons (~18%). The four satDNA families that accumulated the most in the datasets were used as probes in FISH assays, and showed different distribution profiles along chromosomes. Most hybridization signals were located in the C-CMA/DAPI banding sites, including those related to AT-rich Cold-Sensitive Regions (CSRs) and heterochromatin. Although satellite probes hybridized in all tested species, a satDNA family named CsSat49 was highlighted as it predominates in centromeric regions. Data suggest that the satDNA fraction is still conserved in the genus, although there is variation in the number of FISH signals between karyotypes, as well as in the B chromosomes. This study brings an important advance in the knowledge on genome organization and heterochromatin composition in Cestrum, especially on the distribution and differentiation mechanisms of satellite fraction between species of a genus of Solanaceae with large genomes.
Analysis of Metal Transfer and Weld Forming Characteristics in Triple-wire Gas Indirect Arc Welding
Authors: Liu Liming , Wang Zeli , Zhang Tianyi , Ba Xianli
Published: December 2021

Triple-wire gas indirect arc welding (TW-GIA) has the advantages of low heat input and high deposition rate. However, the simultaneous melting of triple wires makes the metal transfer mode complicated. The unknown of the metal transfer mode restricts the development of this technology. In this paper, high-speed camera systems and electrical signal acquisition sensors were used to explore the TW-GIA metal transfer mode. The static force model and the arc conductive channel model were used to discuss the droplet force and energy conversion characteristics respectively. Results showed that the TW-GIA metal transfer modes can be divided into: short-circuit transfer (SCT), main wire projected transfer + side wire globular transfer (PGT), main wire streaming transfer + side wire projected transfer (SPT) and main wire streaming transfer + side wire streaming transfer (SST). Moreover, the process parameter ranges corresponding to the four modes were summarized. Due to the stable arc and the uniform metal transfer process, SPT and SST can form desirable weld seam. The gravity and z-axis components of electromagnetic force are the main forces that promote metal transfer. The x-axis and y-axis components of the electromagnetic force deviate the metal transfer path from the arc coverage. Due to the change of arc conductive channel, the energy transferred from TW-GIA to the base metal is less than that of GMAW, showing the advantages of small welding deformation, narrow heat affected zone and grain refinement.
Comparison of Outcomes in Obese Patients After Total Knee Arthroplasty With Neutral or Mild Varus: a Retrospective Study With 8-year Follow-up
Authors: Lai Ya-hao , Cao Jian , Feng Wei , Li Ze-xi , Xu Hong , Zhou Zongke
Published: December 2021

Background Residual varus after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can affect functional outcomes and prosthetic survival, which may worsen in the presence of obesity. However, no studies were found to compare the outcomes of obese patients involving postoperative residual mild varus or neutral. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes for knees of obese patients with neutral or mild varus after TKA. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 188 consecutive obese patients (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) at our hospital who underwent TKA due to varus knee osteoarthritis from January 2010 to December 2015. The mechanical hip-knee-ankle axis angle was measured in all patients pre- and postoperatively. Prosthesis survival and knee function were retrospectively assessed based on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, Knee Society Knee Score (KS-KS), Knee Society Function Score (KS-FS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and range of motion (ROM). Results Of the 156 knees in 132 obese patients who completed follow-up for a mean of 8.32 ± 1.47 years, 97 knees were corrected from varus to neutral and 54 knees were kept in mild residual varus. Knees with mild varus showed significantly better WOMAC and FJS scores. The two types of knees did not differ significantly in KS-KS, KS-FS or ROM. Although one patient with a neutral knee had to undergo revision surgery, there was no significant difference between two groups.Conclusions For obese patients with osteoarthritis, preservation of residual varus alignment after TKA can improve functional outcomes without compromising prosthesis survival.
Experimental Investigation on the Milling Performance of a 50 μm D-Shaped Micromilling Cutter with Different Materials
Authors: Jiang Chen , Jiang Jinxin , Hao Yu , Gao Rui , Zhang Yongbin
Published: December 2021

In micromilling, the performance and diameter of the milling cutter directly determine the service life of the milling cutter and the surface quality of the microgroove. Therefore, it is vital for high-precision milling to explore the milling performance of different materials and expand the application scope of micromilling cutter sizes. In this study, the milling performance of three kinds of material cutters—carbide, diamond coating and polycrystalline diamond (PCD)—was evaluated. A series of micromilling tests were carried out to determine the effects of cutter material type on cutter wear, surface quality and burr formation, particularly when a 50 µm micromilling cutter was used in the milling process. A D-shaped milling cutter with a diameter of 50 µm was manufactured on a self-developed high-precision modular machine tool by wire electrode electric discharge grinding (WEDG) technology. From theoretical and experimental perspectives, it is easy to master microgroove quality milled by different material cutters. The results show that the microgrooves processed with PCD cutters have fewer burrs, lower surface roughness values, and a smoother groove bottom morphology.
SPP1 is a Prognostic Related Biomarker and Correlated with Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Kun , Geng Li , Liu DongLi
Published: December 2021

Background: Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) functions as a tumor promoter in varies tumors, but little is known whether it is an actual player on driving immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: In this study, we identified the expression of SPP1 by Oncomine, GEPIA and TIMER databases, and assessed SPP1 immumohistochemical staining analysis by The HPA database. We evaluated the clinical outcomes between SPP1 expression and hepatocellular carcinoma patients via Kaplan-Meier Plotter. We also tested the relationship between SPP1 and critical oncogenes by TIMER and GEPIA databases. Then we explored immune infiltration analyses using TIMER and TISIDB datasets. In addition, we performed functional enrichment analyses with Metascape and GeneMANIA databases. Results: We found that SPP1 overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and high SPP1 expression was correlated with shorter OS and PFS survivals in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. SPP1 expression is positive correlation with critical oncogenes related stemness associated genes, cell cycle and proliferation, therapeutic resistance, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Importantly, SPP1 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Furthermore, SPP1 expression showed strong correlations with diverse immune hallmark sets in hepatocellular carcinoma. Notably, functional enrichment analysis suggested that SPP1 strong related with immune response. Conclusions: These findings imply that SPP1 is correlated with prognosis and immune cell infiltrating, offering a new potential immunotherapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Efficient Organization of The Diagnostic Process In The Emergency Department of Patients With Acute Appendicitis During The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cybulska Natalia , Łopaciński Tomasz , Sieminski Mariusz
Published: December 2021

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced significant changes in the functioning of health care systems worldwide. The availability of health resources and patient readiness to present to the hospital have been reduced. COVID-19-related safety procedures might have potentially disturbed diagnostic and therapeutic processes in the emergency department (ED), leading to noticeable delays in service with a possible negative impact on the final therapeutic outcome. The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in the health care system and designed modes of functioning of the ED during the pandemic had negative consequences on the diagnostic process and final effect of treatment of subjects with acute appendicitis.Methods. Due to the pandemic, certain changes in the functioning of emergency departments were implemented to ensure the safety of patients and the staff. We performed a retrospective analysis of the charts of patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis in the ED before (from 10.03.2019 to 31.12.2019) and during the pandemic (from 10.03.2020 to 31.12.2020). We compared the period from symptom onset to admission to the hospital, demographic and clinical features (including appendicitis severity), time intervals between crucial events in the diagnostic and therapeutic process and final results of therapy.Results. We included 133 patients (69 in the prepandemic period and 64 in the pandemic period). There were no significant differences in terms of demographic characteristics and comorbidities. During the pandemic, patients presented to the hospital later than before the pandemic, although the difference was not statistically significant (2.6 vs. 1.9 days from symptom onset, p=0.108). The severity of acute appendicitis was significantly higher during the pandemic according to the clinical scales used. For patients who underwent surgery, the time from admission to the beginning of the operation did not differ significantly before versus during the pandemic. We did not find significant differences in length of stay, rates of complications, reoperations or rehospitalizations between the prepandemic and pandemic periods.Conclusions. Our data show that COVID-19-related changes in the functioning of the ED did not lead to delays in the diagnostic process or to worsening of the therapeutic effect in patients with acute appendicitis.
Real Structure of Benzene Molecule and the Thickness of Graphene
Authors: Wang Dulun
Published: December 2021

The problem of benzene molecular structure has not been solved for more than 100 years. This research proposes a new concept of covalent bond based on the existing theory: each electron shared by multiple atom nuclei corresponds to a half-valent bond. The half-valent bond can be formed between the spacer carbon atoms of the benzene ring. In this way, a new theory was established. Quantum mechanical calculations can quantitatively explain experimental results, such as the hydrogenation heat and ultraviolet spectrum of benzene. Using the dotted line to indicate the half-valent bond, benzene molecular structural forms and chemical reaction formulas as will as its dozens of homologues and derivatives are designed easily. The method not only has a wide range of adaptability, but can also record the chemical reaction process. If several stacked benzene rings can form a benzene tube under the guidance of the new theory, calculated thickness of the three-layer benzene tube is very close to the thickness of graphene. Therefore, referring to other characteristics of graphene, it is considered to be more like a three-layer structure.
Clinical Features, Management and Prognostic Factors of Intracranial Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Authors: Liu Jingdian , Wu Sisi , Wang Junwen , Shu Kai , Lei Ting
Published: December 2021

Purpose Due to low incidence and the constantly changing diagnostic and classification criteria, the clinical features, management and prognostic factors of intracranial solitary fibrous tumor (ISFT) remain unclear and were thus analyzed in this study. Methods A total of 38 patients who were diagnosed as ISFT in our institution were enrolled in this study. Patient data including age, gender, clinical presentation, histopathological features, immunohistochemistry staining, tumor location, tumor size, treatment methods, and prognosis were extracted and retrospectively analyzed. Results The median age at diagnosis was 45.5 years (range 28-66 years) and the male to female ratio was 1:1.53 in our series. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year progression-free survival rate was 82.2%, 62.8%, and 21.4%, respectively; and the 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rate was 97.1%, 86.9% and 64.2%, respectively. Patients with high WHO grade (grade III) ISFTs had impaired PFS (p<0.05) and OS (p<0.01). Subtotal resection (STR) was associated with shorter PFS and OS (p<0.001, respectively). Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) significantly improved PFS but not OS in patients with WHO grade III ISFTs (P=0.025). The PFS of patients with STR+PORT was improved compared with those who received STR alone, although not significant. Moreover, CD34-negative immunostaining and high Ki-67 index (>10%) were associated with impaired PFS in ISFTs.Conclusion Our study provides evidence that high tumor grade, subtotal tumor resection, CD34 negative immunostaining and high Ki-67 index (>10%) were independent predictors for poor prognosis of ISFTs. PORT should be recommended for patients with high grade ISFTs or STR.
Helminths' antigens differentially modulate the activation of SARS-CoV-2-reactive helper and cytotoxic T cells in COVID-19 patients and healthy blood donors
Authors: Adjobimey Tomabu , Meyer Julia , Terkeš Vedrana , Parcina Marijo , Hoerauf Achim
Published: December 2021

Background

Contrary to the predictions, prevalence and mortality due to COVID-19 have remained moderate on the African continent. Several factors, including age, genetics, vaccines, and co-infections, might impact the course of the pandemic in Africa. Helminths are highly endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and are renowned for their ability to modulate their host immune reactions.
Methods

Here we analyzed in vitro the impact of major helminth antigens on the immune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients using flow cytometry and Luminex.
Results:

We observed that helminth antigens significantly reduced the frequency of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T helper cells. In contrast, the expression of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8+ T cells was not affected. In addition, stimulation with helminth antigens was associated with increased IL-10 and a reduction of IFNγ and TNFα.
Conclusion:

Our data offer a plausible explanation for the moderate incidence of COVID-19 in Africa and support the hypothesis that helper T cell-mediated immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are mitigated in the presence of helminth antigens, while virus-specific cytotoxic T cell responses are maintained.
Assessment of Turnover Intention and Associated Factors Among Health Information Technology Professionals Working in Public Health Institution, South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Zimamu Libsuye Yalgaw , Wubet Gashaw Mehiret
Published: December 2021

Background: Place of work turnover is critical to health information technology professionals (HIT) and health information systems as it indications dropping skilled and competent health information professionals. However, the progress of surviving plans requests a strong acceptance of the place of work variables that either inspire health information staff to persist active or principal them to dispensation their recent working organization.Objective: This study was deliberate to measure intention to leave and associated factors among health information technology professionals working in south Gondar zone public health institution, Amhara Region, EthiopiaMethods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 122 health information technology professionals. Data were collected using structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaires from September 1 to October 1/2020. The collected data were entered into Epi-info Version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was employed to detect influences associated with dependent and independent variables. Odds ratio (OR), with 95% CI and p< 0.05 were computed to determine the level of significance.Results: Based on the operational definition the total score of intent to leave health information technology professionals from the organization was 64.8% [95% CI: 56.6-72.9]. Among the applicant variables for multivariable analysis 3 variables like the marital status of the respondents [OR: 0.49(0.231-1.042)p: value 0.000], performance appraisal of the respondents [OR: 7.0(2.66-18.45) p: value 0.000] and recognition of the respondents [OR: .447(.783-3.513) p: value 0.002] had to have a significant association with intention to leave and performance appraisal of the respondents were significantly associated 8.29 times [AOR: 8.29(3.002-22.889)p: value 0.001] to leave of the respondents from the working organization.Conclusion and recommendation: The magnitude of health information professionals' intention to leave was found to be high, which can extremely affect the coverage and quality of information management and use of information for decisions in the zone. Health care policy-makers and hospital managers need to develop and institutionalize evidence-based retention strategies taking into consideration the predictors of health information professionals’ intention to leave.
Effects of Differently Incubated Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles on the Granulosa Cells of Caprine Ovary in Vitro
Authors: Kumar Chetan , Sharma Rajnesh Kumar
Published: December 2021

Present study was aimed to investigate the effect of temperature on the shape and size of nanoparticles and related cytotoxicity of these particles on ovarian granulosa cells. Cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were synthesized using a simple, efficient, and reproducible precipitation method involving reduction of Cu metal salt with sodium hydroxide and then incubation of the precipitates at 70oC for 5 hrs. Subsequently, this prepared sample was divided into 3 subsamples and incubated at 3 different temperatures i.e. 70oC, 150oC, and 350oC for a time duration of 5 hrs. to study the effect of temperature on the particles. The products were characterized by XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, and FESEM. Characterization of the particles revealed that all particles were monoclinic crystalline in nature and had a size range from 9 nm - 60 nm. Particles were of different shapes; spherical, needle, and capsule. Toxicity of each particle was determined on granulosa cells by exposing them for 24 hrs. at 2 different doses. Toxicological results showed the size and shape-related toxicity of nanoparticles; particles which were spherical shape were significantly more toxic than capsule-shaped particles.
Epidemiological study of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome and Japanese Encephalitis burden in Sivasagar district of Assam, India
Authors: Ahmed Rahim Ali , Konwar Daisy , Swargiary Ananta , Shankar Hari , Singh Kuldeep , Bordoloi Rimen
Published: December 2021

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is among the most common cause of viral encephalitis in human beings caused by the Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV). It is found worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia and less commonly in the western pacific regions and Australia.North East India is identified as hotspot for Japanese encephalitis and is considered a major health problem in Assam. The present study assesses the epidemiology of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and JE cases of the Sivasagar district of Assam for 2011-20.Epidemiological data of AES and JE such as disease burden, case fatality rate (CFR), etc. were collected from NVBDCP Unit of Sivasagar district. Data were obtained as a part of routine AES/JE control programme for the period 2011-20. The overall AES and JE casesduring 2011-20 were 1081 and 588, and death cases 333 and 180, respectively.The CFR of the district was found to be 30.61%. AES and JE cases were highest in Galekey and Patsaku block. The AES/JE cases were significantly higher in elderly (>30 years) and male population of the district. The peak AES/JE active and death cases were reported in June and July in the study period. Routine JE vaccination was found to be carried out since 2011-20 in the agegroup 9-18 months, covering more than 50% of the target population size. Similarly, during the 2011-12 and 2014-15, JE vaccination campaign was carried out in 1-15- and 16-60-years age-group. The prevalence of AES/JE cases in the Sivasagar district of Assam is declining. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need to intensify the AES/JE surveillance programme to detect the cases and develop strategy for better JE management. The immunization coverage for 9-18 months should be increased.
Pharmacological correction of antioxidant protection system in the brain with Vincamine within the model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Karantysh Galina V. , Gafiyatullina Guzel Sh. , Mendzheritskii Aleksandr M.
Published: December 2021

Objective. In the course of the research, the effect of vincamine (nootropic drug) on neurological status, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of their coding genes’ expression in the somatosensory cortex of rats within the model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) were being studied. Relevance: the topicality of studying the mechanisms of multiple sclerosis in the early stages of its development is dictated by the need to search for markers of the disease and its therapy before the onset of its clinical manifestation. Materials and methods. The animals’ neurological status was studied using muscular strength, balance, tenacity and traction tests. Rates of survival and the rats’ body weight were also being evaluated. The study of activity antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the expression of SOD1, GPX4, GPX6, and GSR genes was conducted on the 14th and 30th day of immunization. Results. The percentage of vincamine-injected animals’ survival was 100% versus 87% among rats that were not injected with the nootropic drug during immunization (р<0,05) . Besides, after the injection of vincamine, a less significant decrease in body weight (р<0,01) and a less pronounced neurological deficit (р<0,05) in comparison with immunized non-injected animals were reported. The vincamine injection contributed to an increase in all studied antioxidant enzymes’ activity and the level of their genes’ expression in the somatosensory cortex. Conclusion. Against the background of vincamine injection, a minimization of neurological deficit is being observed, probably due to a decrease in oxidative stress in the rat brain during the clinical stage of experimental allergic encephalomyellitis.