bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing The Ability Writing Short Stories through Metacognitive Strategies
Authors: Wardiah Dessy
Published: July 2021

The objective of this research is to find the increasing of the process and the result studentâ€™sshort story writing through metacognitive strategy in language and Indonesia Literature StudyProgramme FKIP-PGRI University of Palembang. This research uses action research methodwhich is done through planning, action, observation, and reflection. This research wasconducted through three cycles, from the result of learning process is found that students havebeen able to make a planning, monitoring, evaluation and revising according to metacognitivestrategy cycle, during their time in writing short story task. This research find out that therehad been an increased from the short story writing result in every of its cycle. On the first cycle,there are 8 (eight) students who accomplished the task, with average score is in 64,16. On thesecond cycle, it showed a significant increased, there were 29 (twenty nine) students whoaccomplished and 9 (nine) students have not accomplished the task, with average score is ini72, 18. And the third cycle, there were 38 (thirty eight) students who accomplished the task inthe short story writing learning process with average score was in 77,05
Pendidikan Perdamaian dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di SMA Jakarta
Authors: Hadi Santosa Firdaus , Raka Al Chuza Adnan Kadar  , Siti Almaesaroh
Published: July 2021

This article aims to reveal how peace education is delivered through history lessons at Jakarta Senior High Schools. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a case study approach. The core informants in this study were history subject teachers at SMA Negeri 48 Jakarta and SMA S Cengkareng 1. Based on the results of the study, it was found that peace education in history learning was carried out by including the values ​​of peace or character, and morals related to peace, such as nationalism, tolerance, and peace-loving.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana pendidikan perdamaian disampaikan melalui pembelajaran sejarah di SMA Jakarta. Metode penilitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus.  Informan inti dalam penelitian ini adalah guru mata pelajaran sejarah di SMA Negeri 48  Jakarta dan SMA S Cengkareng 1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa pendidikan perdamaian dalam pembelajaran sejarah dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan nilai-nilai perdamaian atau karakter, dan moral yang berkaitan dengan perdamaian, seperti nasionalisme, toleransi, dan cinta damai.
TVRI Stasiun Riau Kepri: Studi Kasus Keberadaan Media Massa dalam Pembangunan Provinsi Riau (1998-2018)
Authors: Pratama Raiza Nanda , Ahmal  , Asyrul Fikri
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Today, mass media development is growing rapidly, this can be seen in the variety of choices for people to get news, entertainment and knowledge. One of the growing mass media is television. Television plays a very important role in development. The purpose of this document is: To understand the initial process of the formation and development of the Riau Kepri Station of the Television Republic of Indonesia (TVRI) and the role of the Riau Kepri Station of the Television Republic of Indonesia (TVRI) as a mass media in development. Province of Riau in the field of Social and Economic, Education and Culture. The research method that will be used in this research is the historical method. The television era in Riau province started since 1977 when the TVRI Relay Station Tower was built at that time. The development of TVRI Riau Kepri Station began to appear in 1999, where in 1999 TVRI Riau Station was able to broadcast locally for the first time, exactly in January. The role of TVRI Riau Kepri Station served as a tool used to disseminate information about the public's development. in the province of Riau.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 10.07.2021 г. по 16.07.2021 г.
Authors: Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Зимирова Анастасия , Чумачкова Елена , Сафронов Валентин , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: July 2021

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19, за неделю с 10.07.2021 г. по 16.07.2021 г.
DOES THE SERVICE TRADE OPENNESS MITIGATE REAL EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY?
Authors: Kacaribu Febrio , Sabrina Syahda , Hasan Teuku Muhammad Riefky
Published: July 2021

This study examines the relationship between trade openness and exchange rate volatility. We use panel data of 52 countries and document trade openness has a negative and statistically significant effect on exchange rate volatility. The second explanatory variable considered in the model is money supply shock which is found to have a positive and statistically significant effect on exchange rate volatility. Our results survive battery of robustness checks.
PALM OIL PRICE–EXCHANGE RATE NEXUS IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA
Authors: Salisu Afees , Sikiru Abdulsalam Abidemi
Published: July 2021

In this study, we extend the literature analyzing the predictive content of commodity prices for exchange rates by examining the role of palm oil price. Our analysis focuses on Indonesia and Malaysia, the two top producers and exporters of palm oil, and utilizes daily data covering the period from December 12, 2011 to March 29, 2021, which is partitioned into two sub-samples based on the COVID-19 pandemic. Relying on a methodology that accommodates some salient features of the variables of interest, we find that on average the in-sample predictability of palm oil price for exchange rate movements is stronger for Indonesia than for Malaysia. While Indonesia’s exchange rate appreciates due to a rise in palm oil price regardless of the choice of predictive model, Malaysia’s exchange rate only appreciates after adjusting for oil price. However, both exchange rates do not seem to be resilient to the COVID-19 pandemic as they depreciate amidst dwindling palm oil price. Similar outcomes are observed for the out-of-sample predictability analysis. We highlight avenues for future research and the implications of our results for portfolio diversification strategies.
“The Last of the Mohicans of the Russian Thought”: Pavel S. Popov about Gustav G. Shpet. Popov, Pavel S. “Shpet, Publication by Angelina I. Semenova
Authors:   Independent Recearcher, Semenova Angelina I.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the intellectual heritage of the famous Russian philosopher, literary scholar and translator Pavel Sergeevich Popov (1892-1964), whose works have been preserved in his family archive. The article precedes the publication of the chapter on Gustav Gustavovich Shpet from Popov’s unpublished memoirs Images of the Past. Memories from university, gymnasium and childhood years (P.S Popov began to write this book in the 1920s and finished in the 1940s). Popov's manuscript is primarily of historical and philosophical value, opening up new interesting pages for us in the history of domestic Russian thought in the first half of the 20th century. It allows to take a fresh look at both Popov and Shpet, clarifies the nuances of the relationshipbetween philosophers of that time, confirms the ideological and biographical as­sumptions of researchers (for example, about the existence of a typewritten ver­sion of the second volume of Shpet’s A View on the History of Russian philoso­phy»). In addition, thanks to these memories, various details of the intellectual life in the first half of the 20th century are discovered (including the internal ide­ological connections within the Psychological Society, and the intellectual at­mosphere of the “editing” of Shpet's translation of the G.W.F Hegel’s The Phe­nomenology of Spirit. The author defends on P.S. Popov’s archival materials the idea of the existence of a continuity between the philosophy of pre-revolu­tionary Russia and the Soviet period. Their link, according to the author, is the work of university philosophers (precisely, the generation that caught the inter­ruption of the pre-revolutionary and the formation of the Soviet philosophy: G.G. Shpet, P.S. Popov, B.A. Fokht, V.F. Asmus etc.), since the university style of thinking is, in principle, aimed at preserving and transmitting the historical in­tellectual experience of generations.
Inclusivism of P. Hacker: The Reception of G. Oberhammer
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Lapshin Ivan Ye.
Published: July 2021

This article examines the concept of inclusivism by Paul Hacker on the basis of one of his last articles dedicated to the problem of correlation between concepts “inclusivism”, “tolerance” and “intolerance”. This concept approaches the prob­lem of relationship between religions by implying that only one religion com­prises the absolute truth while it remains achievable to some extent at least for some other religions. P. Hacker developed his own conception and used the ex­ample of Indian religions to show the relationship between the notions of “inclu­sivism” and “tolerance” and argued that inclusivism is a form of thinking charac­teristic for Indian culture. P. Hacker defends the idea that what is referred to as tolerance in Western studies relating to Indian culture is not exactly tolerance but a fundamentally different way of thinking. This conception has attracted the at­tention of many Indologists including Gerhard Oberhammer who thoroughly an­alyzed the notion of inclusivism in relation to religious texts of Hinduism. Ac­cording to G. Oberhammer, the theory of P. Hacker includes propositions that could be interpreted ambivalently and require additional explanation. This article summarizes one of Paul Hacker’s latest works, analyzes Gerhard Oberhammer’s perception of his conception, reveals the main critical theses which were pro­posed and summarizes Gerhard Oberhammer’s own views on this conception.
Russian World. Philosophic Viewpoint
Authors:   Institute of Social Research Works and Analytics, Popkov Viacheslav D.
Published: July 2021

The article considers some modern approaches to understanding social-philo­sophic basis for Russian World theory. The author gives a conclusion that modern approaches to understanding this concept and this phenomenon accu­mulating mostly social-philosophic and sociological theories take their roots in western European tradition. The article presents an approach to understand metaphysical view of the Russian World as a religious idea basing on Russian philosophic tradition. It also deals with the position that the basis for the concept of the Russian World finds itself in the Orthodox ethics of interactions forming a specific reality for the bearers of such an idea in their everyday practices and determining their way of thinking notwithstanding their religious and philosophic positions. The author assumes that having accepted the Ortho­dox religious basis for the supporters of the concept of the Russian World does not necessarily mean following this religious dogmatics by all participants of such an interaction.
Islamic Scientific Tradition and European Thought
Authors:   Institute for Philosophy, Political Science and Religion Studies of Commitee of scienceof the Ministry of education and science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Seitakhmetova Natalya L. , Sagikyzy Ayazhan ,   Institute for Philosophy, Political Science and Religion Studies of Commitee of scienc Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Turganbayeva Zhanara Zh. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the Islamic intellectual tradition from the point of view of the possibility of correlating it with the social and hu­manitarian aspects of science, formed in the traditions of European culture. The reason for this study was postmodernist interpretations of the processes of the Islamization of knowledge as ways to overcome the dichotomy of science and religion. These interpretations are based on the social, in fact, idea of the civilizational identity of Muslims living and working today in European countries (including those working in the field of science) and Muslims of the traditional Islamic East. The authors, however, associate the prospects of a re­newed interpretation of the Islamic scientific tradition with the possibility of its rethinking in the context of the post-nonclassical concept of scientific rationality. This concept makes it possible to overcome the interpretation of “western” and “eastern” knowledge, which reaches the point of opposition. Such a rethinking is unfolding today, in particular, in the course of the reinterpretation of historically established Islamized intellectual trends. The authors come to the conclusion: the Islamization of education in the East, begun by 9th century intellectuals (primar­ily from among the Muslim Ummah) on the didactic foundations laid down in the Qur’an and Sunnah, implied a rethinking of the cultural status of various fields of knowledge from the standpoint of the corresponding value orientations, which, in principle does not contradict the modern understanding of science as an axiologically oriented system. The very possibility of this kind of correlation of the value aspects of knowledge opposes the “scientific marginalization” of Is­lam and presupposes the delineation of the semantic content of Islam as a cul­tural regulator that also orientates science and Islam as a system of rigid reli­gious ideas.
Spontaneously Reattached Retinal Detachment With Macular Hole – a Case Report
Authors: Chakraborty Debdulal , Das Dipankar , Khanam Begum Sabiha Mashuda
Published: July 2021

Spontaneous reattachment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (SRRRD) is a rare presentation. A macular hole coexisting in a patient with a SRRRD is rarer still. The authors describe a case of SRRRD with a macular hole presenting with decreased vision which has never been described before in scientific literature. The patient underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade, leading to type I closure of the macular hole and subsequent visual improvement.
COVID-19 and Health System Response for Management of Diabetes in Bangladesh
Authors: Talukder Shamim Hayder , Islam Tasneem , Salahin Kazi Fayzus , Akter Shahin , Farhana Dina , Sultana Ummay Farihin , Islam Md. Tasbir Ul , Shi Zumin , Hussain Akhtar
Published: July 2021

Background: As untreated diabetes can lead to an exacerbation of symptoms and life-threatening complications, there had been a study of such correlating variables in regards to COVID-19 treatments in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study assessed the health system response for the treatment and preventative care for diabetic patients amidst a pandemic situation under social distancing, and how it affects such health system responses in a developing country.Method: By using a cross-sectional descriptive study and collecting information through qualitative methods, the study assesses the patient’s ability to access medication, laboratory services, and preventative care. The study conducted twelve focus group discussions, 30 key informants’ interviews (KII), and reviewed twelve daily newspapers to analyze the condition of the health system response related to the treatment of diabetic patients.Results: Most responding patients were aged 55-60 years. Healthcare professionals stated that increasing incidence of COVID-19 infection is witnessed among older diabetic patients. The study also found that complications of uncontrolled diabetes result in increasing costs of treatment, creating a burden on healthcare systems, and preventing patients from proper treatment in this lockdown situation.Conclusions: With the problems specifically halting access to treatment under social distancing conditions, as well as a reluctance from health care providers to treat due to high infection rates from improper personal protective equipment (PPE) resourcing, lead to a concerning conclusion regarding diabetic healthcare systems in Bangladesh, that can benefit from telemedicine, faster and cheaper medication delivery, and popularizing diabetic testing tools.
Gravity cells as a necessary link in string theory. Energy and frequency of vibrations of gravitational strings. Obtaining a formula for determining the gravitational constant and a formula for determining the mass of an electron. The coincidence of the results obtained with the experimental data.
Authors: Chernov Andrey
Published: July 2021

In this study, a new concept is introduced - gravitational cells. The body of a black hole consists of a huge number of such cells. This hypothesis from particle physics has been organically built into string theory. As a result, using the formula for the Schwarzschild radius and the Coulomb formula, a formula was obtained to determine the gravitational constant in the region of black holes and its value was determined. The value of the usual gravitational constant has been confirmed. Also, a new physical constant was obtained - the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole. The introduction of the hypothesis of gravitational cells into string theory allowed us to apply Planck's formula to gravitational interaction. As a result, the formula for the quantum of the gravitational field was obtained and the frequency of vibrations of gravitational strings was calculated. Based on this, a formula was obtained to determine the mass of an electron. The electron mass calculated by the new formula coincided with the known experimental value. In this work, it was also proved that the vibration frequency of gravitational strings is directly proportional to the ratio of the mass of an electron and a proton inside the gravitational cell (and inside the atom). The formula for the dependence of the gravitational constant on the magnitude of the electron mass was obtained and confirming calculations were made.
Stratification at the Health District Level for Targeting Malaria Control Interventions in Mali
Authors: Cissoko Mady , Magassa Mahamadou , Sanogo Vincent , Ouologuem Abdoulaye , Sangaré Lansana , Diarra Modibo , Bationo Cedric Stephane , Dolo Amagoron dit Mathias , Bah Mamadou D. , Doumbia Sidy , Coulibaly Mamadou B. , Traoré Diahara , Sidibé Boubacar , Landier Jordi , Cissé Idrissa , Sacko Moussa , Gaudart Jean , Sagara Issaka
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Malaria has been the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Mali, with an increase from 2017 to 2020 (2,884,837 confirmed cases and 1,454 deaths). On the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) and for efficient use of resources, Mali has begun a process of malaria stratification. Method: Malaria, entomological and environmental data were collected through the local health information system, the Demographic and Health Survey 2018, research institutions and MALI-METEO services. The WHO stratification based on malaria incidence was used to present a stratified malaria risk map. Environmental factors associated with malaria were identified using a general additive non-linear regression model. The classification and regression tree method was used to improve the stratification. Interventions were proposed according to the incidence stratification and the different environmental, entomological, access to care maps. Results: From 2017 to 2019, the median incidence across the 75 health districts was 129. cases per 1,000 person-year (IQR=86.48). Stratification resulted in 12 health districts of very low, 19 low, 20 moderates and 24 in high transmission areas. Considering the environmental risk associated to malaria incidence, 6 environmental classes were selected. Four different strategies were proposed, from improving 2 surveillance and response to epidemic in the very low and low zones, to access to care improvement in the moderate and high zone. Conclusion: This stratification in Mali will allow targeting malaria control strategies.
Development, Disappearance, and Clinical Course of Melanosis Coli: Sex Differences in Progression of Severity
Authors: Katsumata Ryo , Manabe Noriaki , Monobe Yasumasa , Ayaki Maki , Suehiro Mitsuhiko , Fujita Minoru , Kamada Tomoari , Kawamoto Hirofumi , Haruma Ken
Published: July 2021

Background

Melanosis coli (MC) is an acquired colorectal disorder visualized as colonic mucosa pigmentation. Disease severity is confirmed based on MC depth, shape, and coloration, although the clinical course is not fully understood. This study sought to clarify characteristics of MC development and disappearance and to demonstrate its clinical course and severity. Contributors to progression of MC grade were also explored.
Methods

To investigate the patient and clinical features of developing and disappearing MC, this study reviewed colonoscopy cases at a single institution over a 10-year period. The clinical course of MC grade was evaluated to explore the predictive factors of progressive MC. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to determine the probability of disease progression, and the log-rank test was used to calculate equality of the clinical course.
Results

Of all MC cases, 17 developing and 11 disappearing cases were detected. Anthranoid laxative use was a key factor: 29.4% of developing cases used this agent before initial diagnosis of MC, whereas 27.2% of disappearing cases discontinued anthranoids before detection of MC disappearance. Among 70 grade I cases, progression to grade II occurred in 16 cases during mean follow-up of 3.67 ± 2.1 years. Male sex was more frequent in progressive than stable cases, and probability of progression was higher for male versus female cases.
Conclusions

An association between anthranoid administration and MC presence was detected; a sex difference in the clinical course was confirmed; and mild MC was found to progress in severity over 5 years.
Earth’s albedo time series reveals low radiative energy input in December 2020
Authors: Penttilä Antti , Muinonen Karri , Ihalainen Olli , Uvarova Elizaveta , Vuori Mikko , Xu Guanglang , Näränen Jyri , Wilkman Olli , Peltoniemi Jouni , Gritsevich Maria , Järvinen Heikki , Marshak Alexander
Published: July 2021

The Earth’s spherical albedo describes the ratio of light reflected from the Earth to that incident from the Sun, an important input variable for the Earth’s radiation balance. The spherical albedo has been previously estimated from satellites in low-Earth orbits, and from light reflected from the Moon. However, neither of these methods can produce continuous time series of the entire planet. We developed a global method to derive the Earth’s spherical albedo using the images from the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) on board NOAA’s Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR). The satellite is located in the Lagrange 1 point between the Earth and the Sun and observes the complete illuminated part of the Earth at once. The method allows us to provide continuously updated spherical albedo time series data starting from 2015. This time series shows a systematic seasonal variation with the mean annual albedo estimated as 0.295±0.008 and an exceptional albedo maximum in 2020, attributed to unusually abundant cloudiness over the Southern Oceans.
Identification of Metastasis-Related Signature For Predicting Survival In Osteosarcoma
Authors: Shi Song , Yang Shuaijie , Zhou Zhenyu , Sun Kai , Tao Ran , Wan Fuyin
Published: July 2021

BackgroundRNA sequencing has become a powerful tool for exploring tumor recurrence or metastasis mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to develop a signature to improve the prognostic predictions of osteosarcoma.Materials and methodsBy comparing the expression profiles between metastatic and non-metastatic samples, we obtained 57 metastatic-related gene signatures. Then we constructed a 3‐gene signature to predict the prognostic risk of osteosarcoma patients by the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The risk score derived from this signature could successfully stratify osteosarcoma patients into subgroups with different survival outcomes.ResultsPatients in the low-risk group showed more prolonged overall survival than those in the high-risk group. And the performance was validated with another independent dataset. Multivariate cox regression revealed that the risk score served as an independent risk factor. Besides, we found that patients with low-risk scores had higher expression levels of immune-related signatures, suggesting an active immune status in those patients. Using the CIBERSORT database, we further systematically analyzed the relationships between the risk score and immune cell infiltration levels, as well as the immune activation markers. Higher infiltration of immune cells (CD8 T cells, monocytes, M2 macrophages, and memory B cells) and higher levels of immune cytotoxic markers (GZMA, GMZB, IFNG, and TNF) were observed in patients in the low-risk group.ConclusionsIn summary, this 3-gene signature could be a reliable marker for prognostic evaluation and help clinicians identify high‐risk patients.
New Designing The Relationship Between The Water-Energy-Food Nexus With Environmental Objectives At The Basin Level For Sustainable Agricultural Management
Authors: Mirzaei Abbas , Abdeshahi Abbas , Azarm Hassan , Naghavi Somayeh
Published: July 2021

Accomplishing the objectives of optimal and sustainable management in the agricultural sector is increasingly getting complicated, which includes increasing the sustainable productivity of water and energy resources, ensuring food security, decreasing contaminations from fertilizers and chemical pesticides, and environmental destruction. The present research deals with designing the relationships between the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus approach with economic and environmental objectives to accomplish the aforementioned objectives. Hence, a multi-objective programming model was developed to maximize the water-energy-food nexus index and farmers' gross margin, minimize the use of chemical fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphate), and minimize the use of chemical pesticides (herbicides) by considering the balancing constraint to groundwater resources. Afterward, the proposed multi-objective model was solved using the augmented ε-constraint method, and then the total of strong and efficient Pareto solutions was extracted. Then, the best solution was chosen using the TOPSIS method and assigning a weight of equal importance to the desired objectives. The irrigation network of Jiroft plain in Kerman province in Iran was chosen as the study area to implement such a system. The obtained results indicated that the optimal and sustainable management in the agriculture sector can be hopeful using the proposed approach in the current research. On the other hand, the results revealed that despite considering the economic objective in the proposed system, the farmers' profits can be significantly decreased. Thus, the realization of optimal and sustainable management in the agricultural sector is not possible without the implementation of policies for increasing the economic incentive of farmers.
Learning curve of trainees performing laparoscopic appendectomy- a register-based study
Authors: Young Nathalie , Boström Lennart , Sandblom Gabriel , Pettersson Hans Järnbert
Published: July 2021

Background

Appendectomy is one of the first procedures that surgical trainees are expected to manage alone. The purpose of this study was to analyse the learning curve of a cohort of surgical trainees and to explore the association between trainee surgeon volume and complication rate.
Method

The study was based on a cohort extracted from the local appendectomy register at Södersjukhuset (transl. South Hospital), Stockholm. The register includes patient characteristics, surgical method, operation time, and 30-day complications. First-year surgical trainees attending the hospital’s trainee programme were included and followed over five years of training. Trainees who had performed less than ten procedures during the period of the study were excluded. The learning curve was described using moving average of order ten for each trainee, studying the trend in operation time with increasing volume. The cumulative sum technique was used to chart changes in complication rates of the trainees.
Results

586 procedures performed by 9 surgical trainees were included, of which 97.6% were performed laparoscopically. A plateau in operation time on the learning curve was reached at 60 procedures. For three of the trainees, the 30-day complication rate decreased after completing the learning curve, whereas for two others it increased. In a multivariate analysis, operation times differed more between the trainees than it did between procedures performed early or late in the programme. Shortest versus longest mean operation time (41 min versus 89 min).
Conclusion

At least 60 procedures are required to reach sufficient proficiency in appendectomy. This highlights the importance of meticulous selection of surgical trainees, structure of training programmes, feedback, and assessment.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Within Vkorc1 in Rodent Populations in a Tropical City-state: Implications for Anticoagulant Rodenticide Use for Rodent Control
Authors: Chua Cliff , Humaidi Mahathir , Ng Lee Ching , Aik Joel
Published: July 2021

Anticoagulant rodenticides are commonly used in rodent control because they are economical and have great deployment versatility. However, rodents with Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) mutations within the Vkorc1 gene are resistant to the effects of anticoagulant rodenticide use and this influences the effectiveness of control strategies that rely on such rodenticides. This study examined the prevalence of rat SNP mutations in Singapore to inform the effectiveness of anticoagulant rodenticide use. A total of 130 rat tail samples, comprising 83 Rattus norvegicus (63.8%) and 47 Rattus rattus spp. (36.2%) were conveniently sampled from November 2016 to December 2019 from urban settings and sequenced at exon 3 of Vkorc1. Sequencing analysis revealed 4 synonymous and 1 non-synonymous mutations in Rattus rattus spp. samples. A novel synonymous mutation of L108L was identified and not previously reported in other studies. Non-synonymous SNPs were not detected in the notable codons of 120, 128 and 139 in Norway rats, where these regions are internationally recognised to be associated with resistance from prior studies. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance in Singapore is low. Continued monitoring of rodenticide resistance is important for informing rodent control strategies aimed at reducing rodent-borne disease transmission.
The potential role of community pharmacy staff in reducing patient delay in consulting with symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a qualitative study
Authors: Simons Gwenda , Ismail Nour , Sandhu Karanbir , Mallen Christian D. , Stack Rebecca J. , Raza Karim , Falahee Marie
Published: July 2021

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis which can cause joint damage and reduced quality of life. Early treatment of RA within 3 months of symptom onset is associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, this window of opportunity is often missed. One important factor that contributes to treatment delay is that patients with symptoms of RA often delay consulting their general practitioner (GP). Previous research indicates that patients with inflammatory arthritis are likely to visit pharmacies for advice before consulting their GP. Therefore, pharmacists are well positioned to identify patients with symptoms of early inflammatory arthritis and sign post them appropriately. This research examines community pharmacy staff’s knowledge, perceptions and approaches to management of patients presenting with symptoms of RA in order to identify training needs and other opportunities for intervention to enhance the role of pharmacy staff in the pathway to care.
Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 community pharmacy staff with varying roles in the West Midlands, UK, during a 12 month period (2017–2018). The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis facilitated by NVivo 12.
Results

Community pharmacy staff (including pharmacists, pharmacy managers, technicians, dispensers and pre-registration pharmacists) had a range of knowledge and differing perceptions of RA and what action should be taken when patients present with symptoms of RA. These can be grouped into four themes: (1) Variations in perceptions and knowledge about RA. (2) The role of the pharmacy in increasing public awareness about RA. (3) The role of the pharmacy staff in facilitating access to the GP. (4) Practical considerations for pharmacy based interventions.
Conclusion

Amongst community pharmacy staff, there is wide variation in the understanding of RA and the importance of early treatment. This study identifies opportunities for enhanced training of community pharmacists and other pharmacy staff in relation to inflammatory arthritis as well as other pharmacy-based interventions, such as public awareness campaigns about RA and other musculoskeletal conditions. This could result in enhanced signposting to rapid GP consultation for inflammatory symptoms and reduced treatment delay.
DLG3 Impairment Caused by Missense Variants in Non-Syndromic X-Linked Mental Retardation
Authors: Alagoz Meryem , Kherad Nasim , Solgun Huseyin Avni , Ozkılıc Alper , Aslan Elif Sibel , Bozkurt Sureyya , Demirkol Şeyda , Yuksel Adnan
Published: July 2021

X-lined intellectual disability (XLID), formerly known as X-lined mental retardation, is defined as genetically heterogeneous disorders with remarkable cognitive impairment and abnormal adaptive behaviour skills. This study demonstrates the Disc-large homolog 3 (DLG3) gene impairment in 2 different unrelated male probands. The results detected two missense mutations in the DLG3 gene, c.2267 G > A (p.Arg756Gln) and c.2359G > A p. (Gly787Ser) using by NGS. Both mutations were run in the PolyPhen2 program for mutation sensitivity check and showed to have 0.709 and 1, respectively. The familial transmission pattern of MR detected both mothers to be heterozygote. The mutations were shown to have caused non-syndromic XLMR (NS-XLMR) as both males did not show any abnormal facial or physiological features. Based on the IQ measurement, proband 1 and 2’ IQs were measured 40 and 33, and they were diagnosed with moderate and severe XLMR, respectively. Both affected males showed significant deterioration in neural development and behaviour abilities, which indicates the significant impact of the mutation on neurotransmitters and maintenance of NMDA receptors in neural functions. However, further molecular and functional studies are necessary to provide more conclusive evidence of the detailed abnormalities caused by the reported mutations.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Induced Autoimmune Haemolytic Anemia: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Wu Yuanqiang , Chen Shengchi , Li Jisheng , Pan Yue , Hu Chunhong , Shu Long , Hou Tao , Wu Fang
Published: July 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have brought a revolution to the anti-cancer treatment, however, they also triger a unique spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Among irAEs, haemopoietic AEs are rarely reported and mostly severe or even life-threatening, especially autoimmune haemolytic anemia (AIHA). AIHA is presumed to relate to the abnormal formation of circulating autoantibodies against red cell membrane antigens. It usually cannot be discovered timely because of atypical symptoms. It is diagnosed according to presence of hemolysis evidences such as decrease of haemoglobin, increase of indirect bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urobilinogen, and positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT). Treatments of AIHA are according to clinical experience and consensus, which have not been verified by prospective trial. Here we investigate previous reported ICIs induced AIHA cases including thirty detailedly documented patients. On the other hand, we report three patients who developed AIHA after three different anti-PD-1 antibodies. Most of them were aged patients with melanoma or NSCLC, developed AIHA by anti-PD-1 antibodies and relived with glucocorticoid. 43.3% of previous cases and all of our observed cases had anemia before ICIs treatment, which reminds us of anemia as a risk factor for ICIs induced AIHA. By screening parameters like complete blood examination, reticulocyte, liver function test or DAT test prior to immunotherapy, doctors could exclude pretreatment haemolytic anemia or be aware of post ICIs AIHA. Thus, it is possible to avoid the potentially life-threatening AIHA, or improve the level of pre-alarm and treatment ability of AIHA.
Construction of a Prognostic Model of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Based on TCGA and ImmPort Databases and Analysis of Its Correlation With Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Song Peng , Ma Xiaobin , Yang Dongliang
Published: July 2021

PurposeBioinformatics methods are used to construct an immune gene prognosis assessment model for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to screen biomarkers that affect the occurrence and prognosis of NSCLC.MethodsThe transcriptomic data and clinicopathological data of NSCLC and cancer-adjacent normal tissues were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the immune-related genes were obtained from the IMMPORT database (http://www.immport.org/); then, the differentially expressed immune genes were screened out. Based on these genes, an immune gene prognosis model was constructed. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Further, the correlations among the risk score, clinicopathological characteristics, tumor microenvironment, and the prognosis of NSCLC were analyzed.ResultsA total of 193 differentially expressed immune genes related to NSCLC were screened based on the "wilcox.test" in R language, and Cox single factor analysis showed that 19 differentially expressed immune genes were associated with the prognosis of NSCLC (P <0.05). After including 19 differentially expressed immune genes with P<0.05 into the Cox multivariate analysis, an immune gene prognosis model of NSCLC was constructed (it included 13 differentially expressed immune genes). Based on the risk score, the samples were divided into the high-risk and low-risk groups. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve results showed that the 5-year overall survival rate in the high-risk group was 32.4%, and the 5-year overall survival rate in the low-risk group was 53.7%. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) model curve confirmed that the prediction model had a certain accuracy (AUC=0.673). After incorporating multiple variables into the Cox regression analysis, the results showed that the immune gene prognostic risk score was an independent predictor of the prognosis of NSCLC patients. There was a certain correlation between the risk score and degree of neutrophil infiltration in the tumor microenvironment.ConclusionThe NSCLC immune gene prognosis assessment model was constructed based on bioinformatics methods, and it can be used to calculate the prognostic risk score of NSCLC patients. Further, this model is expected to provide help for clinical judgment of the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
Recurrent Myocarditis After the First Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccine
Authors: Tano Giuseppe Di , Moschini Luigi , Calvaruso Elva Vicenta , Danzi Gian Battista
Published: July 2021

Background. Several cases of myocarditis associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have recently been reported in which the mechanism of vaccine-induced myocarditis has not been clearly identified. Case presentation. We describe the case of a 29-year-old man who had an episode of recurrent acute myocarditis (confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance) six days after he received the first dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine. The causal nature of this recurrent myocarditis remains elusive, but the event appears to be very peculiar as it occurred after the first dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a subject with a history of previously healed myocarditis.Conclusion. This case raises practical questions concerning the risk/benefit ratio of SARS-COV2 prophylactic vaccination in young people, especially in those with a history of myocardial or pericardial inflammatory disease.
Performance of Flowable Concrete in Underground Structures
Authors: Sonule Sandip , H.Jayarama  , Ojha Partha Sarath , Jadhav C.M , Tayade K.C
Published: July 2021

Flowable concrete gives special combinations of uniformity, performance and consistency requirements that cannot be possible by traditional normal slump concrete. It is superior concrete than the traditional concrete with high workability, no segregation, no bleeding, and it is also suitable for use in the structures with long-distance pumping i.e., more than 120-meter length, for example, in NATM tunnels, cross-passages, and the concrete structure of the station box. Flowable concrete can flow itself without vibration or a little bit of vibration like surface tamping at outer surface of the formwork for achieving a smooth surface finish after de-shuttering. Percentages of concrete ingredients that are used in concrete to ensure a balance between deformability and stability. Type of selected materials and the fixed ratio of concrete materials can be affected on the fresh and harden properties of the concrete. The article presents experimental techniques for mix designing of flowable concrete for grade M40 and application of the same concrete mix at the cast in situ Base slab, Roof slab Rcc walls for underground metro stations, NATM tunnel & cross passages in Mumbai Metro Project, package -UGC-07. The test results for conformity requirements of M40 grade flowable concrete such as flowability, viscosity, passing ability of fresh concrete, durability test and harden concrete tests determined, and results are included here.
Quantifying the Lasting Effects of Resistance and Endurance Exercise Interventions on Mental Wellbeing and Physical Fitness in Women Receiving Adjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer Compared to Adjuvant Therapy Alone: A Contemporary Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mok Jonathon , Brown Marie-Juliet , Akam Elizabeth , Morris Mhairi
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is a persisting global burden for health services with cases and deaths projected to rise in future years. Surgery complemented by adjuvant therapy is commonly used to treat breast cancer, however comes with detrimental side effects to physical fitness and mental wellbeing. Aim: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine whether resistance and endurance interventions performed during adjuvant treatment can lastingly ameliorate these side effects.Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in various electronic databases. Papers were assessed for bias and grouped based on intervention design. RStudio was used to perform the meta-analyses for each group using the ‘meta’ package. Publication bias and power analyses were also conducted. These methods conform to PRISMA guidelines.Results: Combined resistance and endurance interventions elicited significant long-lasting improvements in global fatigue and were beneficial to the remaining side effects. Individually, resistance and endurance interventions non-significantly improved these side effects. Resistance interventions elicited higher benefits overall.Conclusion: Exercise interventions have lasting clinical benefits in ameliorating adjuvant therapy side effects, which negatively impact physical fitness and mental wellbeing. These interventions are of clinical value to enhance adherence rates and avoid comorbidities such as sarcopenia, thus improving disease prognosis.
Effects of Selenium–Zinc Interactions on the Bioavailability of Selenium/Zinc in Soil and Its Mechanism
Authors: Xue Mingyue , Wang Min , Zhou Fei , Zhai Hui , Li Huinan , Yan Ying , Liang Dongli
Published: July 2021

Purpose Biofortification is a core strategy in solving the malnutrition of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) for global human being. However, whether Se and Zn co-biofortification can manipulate soil Se/Zn bioavailability and its mechanism still remains unclear. Methods The pot experiment was conducted to investigate the co-amendment of selenate and Zn sulfate on the growth of pak choi, especially on the uptake of Se and Zn, and to elucidate the effect of soil pH and soil enzyme activity on the bioavailability of Se/Zn in soil and its mechanism. Results Results showed that plant growth inhibition caused by the application of high Se rate was significantly alleviated with Zn supplements, and the biomass in the shoots and roots of pak choi in Se2.5Zn20 and Se2.5Zn50 treatments significantly increased (67.0%–112.8%) compared with the Se2.5Zn0 treatment. Additionally, Se and Zn co-amended application significantly enhanced soil available Se/Zn content compared with correspond single Se/Zn treatments. The increase of soil available Zn content could be attributed to the significant decrease in the soil pH, while the increase of soil available Se was from the biochemical conversion caused by the activity of catalase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion Se–Zn co-amendment can ameliorate bioavailability of Se/Zn in soil by regulate the pH and enzyme activity of soil.
Characterizations of Larval Gut Bacteria of Anopheles Subpictus Grassi and Their Role in Mosquito Development in Hooghly, West Bengal, India.
Authors: Seal Madhurima , Chatterjee Soumendranath
Published: July 2021

Malaria is a serious vector borne disease transmitted by different species of Anopheles mosquitoes. The present study was aimed to isolate & characterize the bacterial flora from the gut of An. subpictus larvae prevalent in Hooghly and explore their roles in host survival and development. Mosquito larvae and adults were collected from field and were maintained in laboratory. Bacterial load in the larval midgut was determined, predominant strains were isolated and characterized by polyphasic approach. Role of these bacteria in larval survival & development were assayed. Bacterial load in the gut of larvae was found to vary in field collected and lab reared mosquitoes in different seasons. Morphological, bio-chemical and molecular analysis explored four common bacterial isolates namely Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus & Proteus vulgaris in the larval gut throughout the year. Larval survival rate was greatly reduced (0.06) & time of pupation was prolonged (17.8±0.57) in absence of their gut bacteria. Total tissue protein (7.78±0.56), lipid (2.25±0.19) & carbohydrate (16.5±0.79) contents of larvae and body weight & wing length of adult male (0.17±0.02 & 1.74±0.43) & female (0.19±0.02 & 1.99±0.46) mosquitoes were also found to be greatly reduced in the absence of gut bacteria. Developmental characteristics were restored with the introduction of culture suspension of all four resident gut bacterial isolates. Present study indicates that the mosquitoes solely depend on their gut bacteria for their survival & development. So, manipulation or control of this gut bacterial communities might inhibit survival & development of vector mosquitoes.