bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Report of Aspergillus Fungal Spinal Infection in Immunocompetent Patient and Review of Literature
Authors: Patel Udit D. , Modi Hitesh N.
Published: November 2022

Background: Spinal aspergillus infection is rare but can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Sometime it may mis-diagnosed as pyogenic or tuberculous infection in immunocompetent patients. Therefore, it causes delay in diagnosis and leads to spinal instability, neurological deficit, and sometimes death. Case Report: Here we discussed a case of 68 years old female patient with severe back pain and difficulty in walking which was gradually increased over the period of time of two months. During this, she was diagnosed as koch’s spine based on MRI report and she had been started on empirical anti-tuberculous medication. But her condition was deteriorated. After that patient underwent surgical management and infected tissue sent for culture and sensitivity and histopathological examination. The report was positive for aspergillus fungal infection. she was started with anti-fungal medication and course of treatment was uneventful. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of spinal fungal infection is often delayed in immunocompetent patients and it lead to delayed in anti-fungal management which lead to increase in morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Aspergillus, Spinal fungal infection, Case Report
Presumptive Long Rod Technique (PLRT) for Revision Extension Instrumented Spine Surgery: A Technical Note
Authors: Krishnan Ajay , Bali Shivakumar A , Degulmadi Devanand , Mayi Shivanand , Ranjan Ravi , Parmar Vatsal , Charde Pranav , Chauhan Vikrant , Dave Mirant B , Patel Denish , Krishnan Preety A , Dave Bharat R
Published: November 2022

Background: Revision spine surgery needing extension of fixation either require complete exposure of previously operated levels for rod exchange or can be managed by linking the new surgical construct (NSC) to primary surgical construct (PSC) with dominos. Presumptive long rod technique (PLRT) provides additional length of rod for domino placement. Case report: 80-year male on conservative management developed acute cauda equina syndrome retention due to pre-existing multilevel lumbar stenosis and acute big sequestrated disc prolapse at L12. Emergent surgical intervention in form of L1 to L4 pedicle screw fixation with postero-lateral bone grafting and fragmentectomy was done. Peri-operative period was uneventful. He was started on Teriperatide 20mcg daily with progressive mobilization and physiotherapy. At 4 months of follow-up, he developed L1 osteoporotic fracture with proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK). Patient underwent T12-L1 interbody fusion with extension of fixation to T10 which required complete opening up of previous incision as it was an Indian implant set. A domino of larger foot print couldn’t be accommodated in the space available between L1- L2 screws. Owing to severe osteoporosis and degenerative changes at proximal levels, presumptive oversized rods were inserted with extra lengths of the rods left at proximal ends. This technique is labelled PLRT(presumptive long rod technique) at our institute. At 6 months of follow up, patient developed T10 osteoporotic fracture with PJK and patient was planned for extension of fixation upto T4. Since the extra lengths of rods were available at proximal ends, only the planned operative levels were exposed and it was connected to previous construct using the larger footprint domino. Patient improved clinically and was ambulatory. The patient expired at 18 months due to cardio-respiratory arrest unrelated to the spinal events. Conclusion: Additional rod lengths intentionally left at adjacent levels during primary surgery where there is anticipation of PJK and adjacent segment disease (ASD) can be a boon when there is need for extension of fixation. These extra lengths of rod can be used to place dominos and connect PSC to NSC without the need for exposure of PSC levels for rod exchange, preventing complications especially in setups with economic constraints. Keywords: Complex, Adult Spinal Deformity, Adjacent Segment, Junctional Kyphosis, Osteoporosis, Revision, Surgery, Multirod.
Hyperbaric Intrathecal Ropivacaine in Patients Undergoing Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) – A Case Series
Authors: Eswaran Kala , Dhadas Ashish , Patil Sachin
Published: November 2022

Spinal anaesthesia using 0.75% ropivacaine heavy/hyperbaric can be used safely and effectively for endovenous laser ablation procedures (EVLA) on bilateral limb varicose veins without the increased duration of hospital stay in elderly patients with comorbidities. Hyperbaric 0.75% ropivacaine was found to give the adequate duration of spinal block along with hemodynamic stability and excellent post-operative recovery for EVLA procedures. Keywords: Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA), Spinal anaesthesia, 0.75% hyperbaric ropivacaine
High power 1.55  µm buried heterojunction distributed feedback laser with a linewidth less than 200  kHz
Authors: Xian Qingyun , Lv Hui , Yao Yucheng , Wei Sihang , Zhou Zhiqiang
Published: November 2022

With the rapid development of coherent optical communication systems, lasers are required to have higher power and narrower linewidths. In this paper, a process method using buried heterojunction is proposed. By comparing the optoelectronic properties of lasers with different mesa widths and different cavity lengths, the laser with a 1000 µm cavity length and a mesa width of 2.4 µm can reach 133.7 mW at 25°C at 300 mA, and a side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) greater than 50 dB. This laser also exhibits low relative intensity noise (

<

−

150

d
B

/

H
z

at 260 mA) and narrow linewidth (

<

200

k
H
z

).
Coherence-induced depolarization effects in polarization singular beams
Authors: Khan Saba N. , Joshi Stuti , Senthilkumaran P.
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally coherence-induced depolarization effects in generic and higher index polarization singular beams endowed with C-point (or V-point) polarization singularity. The irradiance profiles and degree of polarization (DoP) distributions are found to be governed by spatial coherence length, polarization singularity index, and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the superposition states of the beams. On reducing the coherence length, the DoP distribution in the V-point deteriorates uniformly. In contrast, C-point beams resist depolarization exhibiting anti-depolarization around the central core of the beam due to the nonzero net OAM of the beam. Interestingly, the polarization vortex structure remains preserved on reducing the spatial coherence length.
Household preferences for pet keeping: Findings from a rural district of Sri Lanka
Authors: Rathish Devarajan , Rajapakse Jayanthe , Weerakoon Kosala
Published: November 2022

Pet ownership is an integral part of a modern-day family. It provides a wide range of benefits to humans. However, data on pet ownership are relatively limited from rural regions, Southern Asia and low-middle-income countries. We aim to report the prevalence and associated factors for pet ownership and veterinary visits in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine significant associations between variables of interest and pet ownership (p < 0.05). Out of the 532 households, 57% currently owned a pet. The most common pet was the dog owned by 41% of the households and the cat was the second most owned by 17%. Security (69% - 152/220) was the most common role for dogs at home while it was companionship for cats (31% - 27/88) and hobby for both birds (64% - 18/28) and fish (54% - 14/26). Most dogs (54% - 118/220) had one veterinary visit within the last year. Households with >1 adult female [p = 0.02; OR = 1.61 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.36)], participants living alone [p = 0.03; OR = 0.24 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.86)] and Buddhists [p = 0.02; OR = 2.56 (95% CI 1.16 to 5.63)] were significantly associated with pet ownership. Pet ownership is common among people in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, with a few demographic factors having a significant association with pet ownership. Dogs are the most common type of pet and highlight the opportunity for research related to canine companionship and human health. Future research on such topics should consider the above-mentioned socio-demographic predictors as potential confounders.
Searching for the universality of nudging: A cross-cultural comparison of the information effects of reminding people about familial support
Authors: Komatsu Hidenori , Kubota Hiromi , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Ohashi Hirotada , Griffin Mariah , Link Jennifer , Geher Glenn , Fisher Maryanne L.
Published: November 2022

Nudging is a method for eliciting a desired behavior. One approach to nudging involves information provision. When information presented for this purpose is designed from an evolutionary perspective, it may reveal a deeper level of rationality within human decision-making that might otherwise appear to be irrational. Based on insights from the evolution of altruism, we previously designed a message to remind people of the benefits they have received from the actions of relatives to realize industrialization. We then demonstrated that using this message in Japan was effective at moderating extreme risk-averse attitudes toward air pollution resulting from industrialization. However, the universality of the intervention effect, including whether it could be affected by exogenous factors, was not explored. Therefore, in the present study, we conducted a randomized controlled trial based on an online survey carried out in Japan, Canada, and the US. The intervention was shown to be effective in all the three countries, but the effect size varied according to segment. Although women showed more intervention effects than men in Japan and the US, no significant sex difference was observed in Canada. In terms of personality traits, higher agreeableness significantly contributed to the intervention effects. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitated many lifestyle changes, was found to weaken the intervention effect by increasing the message effect in the control group. We propose that this effect was caused by an increased perception of familial support in everyday life. These results suggest that the nudge message was universally effective, although the effect size might have been affected by cultural factors and social events.
Change of genitourinary cancer patients’ perception and expectations over the course of pharmacotherapy
Authors: Satou Yoshiaki , Ieiri Kousuke , Negishi Takahito , Furubayashi Nobuki , Nakamura Motonobu
Published: November 2022

To determine the course of treatment while considering the patients’ desires, we examined trends regarding patients’ perception and expectations over the course of cancer pharmacotherapy. We retrospectively reviewed interview sheets filled in by patients with advanced urogenital cancers when they started a new pharmacotherapy regimen between 2014 and 2020. The responses to the following questions were analyzed: 1) How did your doctor explain the treatment objectives?; 2) Are you willing to receive treatment?; and 3) When the standard treatment becomes difficult to continue, would you like to try another treatment even if it may cause severe side effects? A total of 277 patients answered the interview sheet. The percentage of patients who accurately perceived the treatment objectives among patients receiving 1st, 2nd, and 3rd line regimens was 67%, 79%, and 93%, respectively. The percentage significantly improved over the course of pharmacotherapy (p = 0.0057). The percentage of patients who indicated that they were willing to receive treatment in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd line regimens was 80%, 83%, and 86%, respectively. The percentage of patients who indicated that they wanted to try another treatment when the standard treatment became difficult to continue in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd line regimens was 56%, 64%, and 59%, respectively. The percentage of patients who accurately perceived the objective of pharmacotherapy increased over the course of pharmacotherapy. The rate of patients who were willing to receive treatment and try other treatments when the standard treatment became too difficult to continue remained consistently high.
Climate change’s impact on real estate prices in Chile
Authors: Hernández Karla , Luna Facundo , Madeira Carlos
Published: November 2022

Climate change should deteriorate the value of real estate, but studies are lacking for developing economies which may suffer the worst weather changes. We match an administrative register of all the real estate properties’ transactions in Chile between 2002 and 2020 with a high spatial resolution dataset of local temperatures and precipitation. Even after controlling for a wide set of home characteristics or fixed-effects for each property, we find that fluctuations in temperatures had an impact on the prices of residential homes and agricultural properties.
The art of agitation: The nineteenth-century press activism of George Jacob Holyoake
Authors: Diamantopoulos Mitch
Published: November 2022

This interdisciplinary study reconsiders nineteenth-century English newspaper editor George Jacob Holyoake’s paradoxical legacy. Drawing on Gramscian cultural hegemony theory, the study demonstrates Holyoake’s use of press activism to win liberal reforms, culturally empower the working class and articulate Owenist-socialism’s evolving counter-hegemony. In particular, it shows that his editorial agitations laid important discursive foundations for secularism, freedom of the radical press and the co-operative movement. Although Holyoake is frequently celebrated by secularists and co-operators alike for his leading role in their movements’ historic take-off, this article argues his alternative journalism decisively underwrote those campaigns. Against clerical, capitalist and repressive state power, his editorial labour thereby shaped the emergent, oppositional culture that transformed a pre-democratic Britain. Although Holyoake’s multiplex legacy has overshadowed his alternative journalism’s importance, this article thus illuminates his neglected role as an ‘organic intellectual’ of the English working class, an ‘integral journalist’ and an alternative media pioneer.
Public value of community media in Austria
Authors: Biringer Katharina , Peissl Helmut , Seethaler Josef
Published: November 2022

This article explores the public value of community media in Austria. Though they fulfil various important functions in civil society, they do not enjoy the same legislative recognition and financial funding like other public-value-generating broadcasters do. For this study five normative functions have been developed to measure the community media’s public value: the articulation function, the participation function, the complementary function, the media literacy function and the strategies in media convergence function. In thirteen focus groups with members of fifteen Austrian community media, the strong institutionalization of the sector became just as apparent as the existence of a commonly shared self-perception. The normative functions are strongly anchored in the daily routine of the participating programme makers. So, community media in Austria clearly generate public value.
Warming up: The potential of community radio for climate change communication in Australia
Authors: Foxwell-Norton Kerrie , Backhaus Bridget , Leitch Anne
Published: November 2022

Climate change is already dramatically affecting the Australian landscape and way of life. These impacts are experienced locally, therefore responses must also be local, at least in part. There is an opportunity for Australia’s vibrant community radio sector to play a leading role in building community resilience around the effects of climate change. The importance of the sector in climate change communication is well-known: from emergency broadcasting during bushfires, to disaster preparedness and recovery work in cyclone season, as well as the activist role some stations take on local environmental issues. While important work is taking place, many stations lack the resources and the confidence to discuss how climate change is affecting their communities. This article details the findings of Warming Up, a pilot research project that aims to support community radio stations by amplifying local stories of climate change and building confidence and capacity to engage in meaningful community conversations.
Efectos de las bonificaciones por atributos sobre la calidad de la leche en 164 lecherías de Ubaté y Chiquinquirá (marzo del 2012 – marzo del 2018)
Authors: Usuga Arnulfo Antonio , Henao Rodríguez Carolina
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Given that milk price fluctuations have an impact on local milk production, which affects a vital sector for the economy due to its contribution to GDP and the generation of direct and indirect jobs, this study seeks to establish what has been the effect of monetary incentives on the quality of milk from 164 dairy farms in the Ubaté and Chiquinquirá valley between March 2012 and March 2018. Methodology: To answer this question, it is hypothesized that the implementation of the quality payment scheme described in Resolution 0017 of 2012 positively affected the values with which the hygienic quality of milk is measured. To test this hypothesis, a mixed approach methodology was used (qualitative and quantitative), descriptive, correlational and explanatory, non-experimental, using a longitudinal model of panel data for the sample of milk producing farms. Results: The study allowed establishing that the current quality payment scheme (QPP), the lagged QPP and the price paid to the producer (PPP) have significant effect on decreasing milk microbiological counts, the price per gram of solids and the amount of solids per liter are significant increase milk microbiological counts. Conclusions: It was possible to conclude that it is advisable to increase the participation of bonuses per CFU on the total price, this would incentivize a faster improvement of hygienic quality.
Equipaje de sueños en la obra de Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda
Authors: Flores Hernández Isabel Cristina
Published: November 2022

El presente estudio convoca a desempacar el equipaje de sueños que Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda depositó en cada página de su obra para impregnarnos de una experiencia escénica encarnada. Comenzamos esta memoria hurgando entre anotaciones, recuerdos y vivencias para capturar la esencia de un proceso creador a partir del texto original del autor y transcribirlo en la multiplicidad de estados físicos por los que transitamos en el instante de la representación en la escena. Convidamos al autor a recibir la obra, ubicándonos, ahí, en ese ir y venir de aconteceres en el proceso creador desde la escena, como activos gestores del hecho teatral. Con el propósito de colocar al lector en un espacio de apreciación artística desde adentro, ubicados en los ambientes de las historias que se comparten en Sazón de Mujer, Hotel Juárez, Contrabando, expondremos la recepción de las obras a través de nuestra experiencia y propondremos, a manera de hipótesis, tres paradigmas para la recepción de su obra dramática: Mujeres en ginecocracia, Al borde de rutas de frontera y cruce de caminos, Poder y Violencia.
Pancasila sebagai Alat Pemersatu Bangsa Indonesia
Authors: Siahaan Jelita , Agustina Raras , Jonandes Reodiva , Fitriono Riska Andi
Published: November 2022

Indonesia is a country known for its diversity, 70% of Indonesia's total territory is water, making Indonesia's territory divided into 17,504 islands, 714 tribes, and has 1100 regional languages, this diversity has made Indonesia known as a rich country. This wealth certainly makes Indonesian citizens proud to be in this country, but with so much diversity there will also be many conflicts that will occur in Indonesia. Therefore, Pancasila is a unifying tool for the nation, meaning that Pancasila is a complete tool, to directly form the formulation of the goals and ideals of the Indonesian state, namely to realize social justice for all Indonesian people.
Effects of a low‐carbohydrate/high‐protein diet on metabolic health in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: An exploratory analysis of results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Jia , Gower Barbara , McLain Amie , Yarar‐Fisher Ceren
Published: November 2022

We explored the impact of a low‐carbohydrate/high‐protein diet (LC/HP, ~30% energy from protein, 40% energy from carbohydrate) on indices of metabolic function and body composition in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Adults with SCI (≥3 years post‐injury, C4‐L2, AIS A‐D) and insulin resistance or pre‐diabetes were randomly assigned to an 8‐week iso‐caloric LC/HP diet group (n = 11) or control group (n = 14). All LC/HP meals were delivered weekly to participants' homes, and participants in the control group consumed their habitual diet. Each participant underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to assess glucose tolerance, insulin, area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin, Matsuda Index, glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), disposition index, and hepatic insulin extraction (HIE). Fasting blood lipid and inflammation were assessed, and body composition was estimated using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate the main effect of diet, time, and their interaction. Compared to the control group, participants in the LC/HP group had reduced total body fat mass (LC/HP: −5.9%, Control: 0.7%), visceral fat mass (LC/HP: −16.2%, Control: 5.2%), total‐ (LC/HP: −20.1, Control: 3.7 mg/dl), and LDL‐cholesterol (LC/HP: −13.9, Control: 3.1 mg/dl) (pdiet*time < 0.05 for all). Regardless of group, AUCinsulin and peak insulin during the OGTT decreased, and HIE increased over time (ptime < 0.05). A trend for diet*time interaction was observed for glucoseOGTT120min (LC/HP: −20.7, Control: 3.0 mg/dl, pdiet*time = 0.09) and peak C‐peptide (LC/HP: −2.1, Control: 0.0 ng/ml, pdiet*time = 0.07). HDL‐cholesterol, lean body mass, Matsuda Index, fasting glucose, insulin, insulinOGTT120min, AUCglucose, pancreatic beta cell function (GSIS, disposition index), and inflammation (C‐reactive protein, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, TNF‐α) did not change over time. In conclusion, our results suggest that individuals with SCI and insulin resistance may adopt an LC/HP diet to improve body composition and lipid profiles. Its impact on glucose metabolism and inflammation remains inconclusive and warrants future investigations.
Monoidal abelian envelopes with a quotient property
Authors: Coulembier Kevin , Etingof Pavel , Ostrik Victor , Pauwels Bregje
Published: November 2022

We study abelian envelopes for pseudo-tensor categories with the property that every object in the envelope is a quotient of an object in the pseudo-tensor category.
We establish an intrinsic criterion on pseudo-tensor categories for the existence of an abelian envelope satisfying this quotient property.
This allows us to interpret the extension of scalars and Deligne tensor product of tensor categories as abelian envelopes, and to enlarge the class of tensor categories for which all extensions of scalars and tensor products are known to remain tensor categories.
For an affine group scheme G, we show that pseudo-tensor subcategories of

𝖱𝖾𝗉
⁡
G

{\operatorname{{\mathsf{Rep}}}G}

have abelian envelopes with the quotient property, and we study many other such examples.
This leads us to conjecture that all abelian envelopes satisfy the quotient property.
Variability and inheritance of high stearic acid content in the seed oil of sunflower inbred lines
Authors: Demurin Yakov , Chebanova Yuliya , Zemtseva Tatiana
Published: November 2022

The main purpose of the paper included research on the variability of stearic acid content in the seed oil of the accessions of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) sunflower genetic collection and to determine the mode of inheritance of the trait in F1 generation for choosing a hybrid breeding strategy. Gas-liquid chromatography of methyl esters and infra-red spectrometry were used for the estimation of fatty acid profiles. The inbred lines of I5 seeds LG31, LG32, LG33, LG34 and LG35 have been developed with high stearic acid content from 11.6 to 22.6%. Lines LG31 and LG32 showed relatively high values of oleic acid in the range of 56.7–70.5%. Lines LG33 and LG34 belonged to a group with a content of oleic acid in the range of 11.4–19.9%. An inbred line LG35 possessed increased content of stearic acid up to 11.6% on the low oleic background. The recessive type of inheritance of the mutations with high content of stearic acid in sunflower seed oil was verified. Both complete and incomplete dominance degree of standard content of stearic acid was found. Intermediate inheritance in F1 of this character was firstly distinguished in the cross of standard with high stearic acid line LG35.
Design of an unattended ore grading measurement system in a uranium mine
Authors: Chen Cong , Zeng Weihua , Hou Shengli , Ding Yike
Published: November 2022

The unattended ore grading radioactivity measurement system is an important part of the digital uranium mine. However, with the promotion of the digitization of mines, the radioactivity measurement system for the truck checkpoint used to measure the grade of ore for hydrometallurgical process still maintains the backward processing method of offline measurement and manual recording. To improve the situation, an unattended ore grading measurement system using gamma detectors is developed. Through unattended identification, weighting and radioactivity measurement, the values of the grade of ore and the uranium content are calculated and uploaded automatically. The system has been put into practical use at a uranium mine in southern China in September 2021. Through the field use, the system can realize automatic measurement, reduce labor costs, and establish a production database, which lays the foundation for further application in the construction of digital mines on a large scale.
Rarity and conservation status of the Colombian Speckled Tree Rat, Pattonomys semivillosus (I. Geoffroy, 1838)
Authors: Chacón-Pacheco Julio J. , Lozano-Flórez Julián , Avendaño-Maldonado Luis Jose , Racero-Casarrubia Javier , Montoya-Patiño Laura , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor Emilio
Published: November 2022

The Colombian Speckled Tree Rat, Pattonomys semivillosus, is a little-known rodent endemic to the Lower Magdalena River basin at the Caribbean Coast of Colombia. To date it is the only species of Pattonomys documented in the country. We provide information on the rarity, and conservation status of P. semivillosus based on the current and potential distribution, population density and size using information from the literature, new records, and museum vouchers. We confirmed 66 occurrences that belong to 25 localities in six departments (Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, La Guajira, Magdalena, Santander, and Sucre) in northern Colombia, including 18 new localities not previously reported in the literature, mostly in the highly threatened Tropical Dry Forest ecosystem. The population density in three sites of Department of Cesar was 5.4 ind/km2, 5.9 ind/km2, and 32.4 ind/km2. The species matches with the Category D of rarity, and we suggest an update to the threatened assessment (from Least Concern to Near Threatened). This information will contribute to update the current IUCN assessment of the species.
Kriminologie in Litauen: Entwicklung, Lehre, Forschung, Ergebnisse und Perspektiven
Authors: Sakalauskas Gintautas
Published: November 2022

Kurzfassung

Im Aufsatz wird die Kriminologie in Litauen vorgestellt und die geschichtliche Entwicklung, die wichtigsten Durchbrüche, die Forschung, die Autoren und die Publikationen werden präsentiert. Die Schwerpunkte liegen bei den Themen, die für die kriminologische Forschung am relevantesten sind – Korruption, Jugendkriminalität, Kriminalpolitik und Strafvollzug. Litauen ist der einzige Baltische Staat, in dem Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge in Kriminologie etabliert sind, in dem ein nationaler berufsorientierter Verein der Kriminologen gegründet wurde. Die Entwicklung der letzten Jahrzehnte der Kriminologie in Litauen zeigt eine gute Perspektive für die Zukunft und eröffnet breite Möglichkeiten für die internationale Zusammenarbeit.
Vowels in urban and rural Albanian: the case of the Southern Gheg dialect
Authors: Riverin-Coutlée Josiane , Kapia Enkeleida , Cunha Conceição , Harrington Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Albanian comprises two main dialects, Gheg and Tosk, as well as a Tosk-based standard variety. The study was concerned with the extent to which the vocalic system of Southern Gheg, spoken in the capital city Tirana and surrounding rural area, has been shaped in urban versus rural contexts by extensive contact with Tosk and the standard. Through an apparent-time comparison across two groups of adults and first-grade children, one from Tirana and the other from the nearby village of Bërzhitë, we investigated three vocalic features of Southern Gheg: rounding of /a/, vowel lengthening and monophthongization, all of which were expected to be maintained more in the rural community than in the urban one, and also more by adults than by children. Our results showed that rounding was changing in both locations, monophthongization in the urban setting only, while lengthening was well preserved. In general, the changes found for rounding and monophthongization were more advanced in children than adults. The relative complexity of the features is the main factor explored to account for why some features change faster than others. The reasons for a possible increase in the phonological complexity of Southern Gheg are also discussed.
The estimators G
9 and G
10 for the solutions of~the Kolmogorov–Wiener filter
Authors: Girko Vyacheslav L. , Shevchuk Borys V. , Shevchuk L. D.
Published: November 2022

The limit theorems for the estimators

G
9

{G_{9}}

and

G
10

{G_{10}}

for the solutions of the Kolmogorov–Wiener filter are proved.
Artificial intelligence in cancer imaging for diagnosis and evaluation of treatment response
Authors: Yang Qi , Fu Yu , Chen Zhongping , Meng Fanyang , He Kan , Li Mingyang , Zhang Huimao
Published: November 2022

Cancers are the main cause of death worldwide. Assessment of tumors by imaging is key to formulating treatment plans. More noninvasive markers of imaging are needed to evaluate primary tumors and treatment responses to achieve individualized diagnosis and treatment. However, conventional image assessment has limitations based on differences in individual radiologists’ interpretation and inability to read hidden high-dimensional features. Artificial intelligence (AI) can provide quantitative, rather than qualitative, assessments based on radiographic characteristics, and has been frequently and successfully applied in the medical image analysis field. In this review, we summarize research progress in the use of AI for evaluating the diagnosis and treatment response of patients with common tumors, including gliomas, lung cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer. We further discuss several issues that must be solved in the future to make better use of AI in tumor diagnosis and assessment of treatment response.
Prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation with sodium hyaluronate and collagen precursors
Authors: Ruggiero Tiziana , Bezzi M , Camisassa D , Giaccone L , Casula L , Pol R , Carossa S
Published: November 2022

1.1. Background: Oral mucositis is a frequent inflammatory complications of the oral mucosa in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for hematopoietic cell transplantation; currently there is no standardized therapy. The sodium hyaluronate and amino acids (SH-AA) combination has been shown to be effective as a therapy in those patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical effects of SH-AA as a prevention in wound healing and pain management of oral mucositis. 1.2. Methods: A randomized experimental study was designed with a total of 74 patients, divided into two groups according to the treatment they were to undergo. Group A: received professional oral health treatment associated with therapy with SH-AA; Group B: received professional oral health treatment and were prescribed a standard treatment with Chlorhexidine 0.20%. The patients were examined and was recorded any appearance of oral mucositis and its severity (WHO scale), the number of lesions, their persistence and the number of days necessary for them to heal. 1.3. Results: Data obtained show patients of group A to have a lower risk both of developing mucositis (p = 0.005*) and of it occurring in a severe form, compared with group B (p = 0.003*), while those who developed it healed sooner (p = 0.01*). 1.4. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study proves the association between the SH-AA product use and a reduced incident and occurence of OM in patients undergoing HSCT.
The Troublesome and Delicate Relationship Between Scientific Evidence, Social Media and State-of-the-Art Clinical Practices
Authors: Soto-Montero Jorge
Published: November 2022

.
Size dependent allocation to vegetative and reproductive organs of the orchid Lankesterella ceracifolia (Spiranthinae)
Authors: Mantovani André
Published: November 2022

How functional organ traits vary with increasing plant size reveals the strategies of plants to acquire, store and utilize resources that ensure vegetative growth and reproduction. Plant size can influence fitness; thus, the relationships of organ traits should be evaluated together with reproductive allocation, but this is rarely the case. The relationship among plant size, functional organ traits (number and size of roots, leaves and flowers, and scape size), and dry mass partitioning was analyzed intraspecifically using 35 reproductive individuals of the epiphytic orchid Lankesterella ceracifolia. The relationships between vegetative and reproductive organ traits were evaluated using different regression models. Size-dependent allocation to reproduction was evaluated through reproductive versus vegetative (RV) regressions for the entire inflorescence and separately for scape and flowers. The four regression models included simple (slope only), linear (slope and intercept), allometric (without intercept), and non-linear (allometric with intercept), were fitted to RV and compared via a log likelihood-ratio test. Preferential allocation to leaves instead of roots influenced how rosette frontal area changed with increasing plant size. Flower dry mass represented 70% of the inflorescence dry mass, an unusual result as scape dry mass generally represents most of the reproductive structure in plants. The allometric model was suitable for the entire inflorescence or only the scape, while the isometric model was best for flowers. Dry mass investment in the scape influenced the final reproductive allometry found for the orchid L. ceracifolia.
The role of the length spines of echinoids in their association with crustacean and fish in Los Cabos, Baja California Sur, Mexico
Authors: Hayes Floyd E. , Richards Sean T. , Robles Antonio I. , Gouveia Robert A. , Fayard Gillund G.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Echinoids (sea urchins) provide shelter for a variety of facultative or obligatory ectosymbionts. Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that decapods and fishes prefer to associate with echinoid individuals and species that have longer spines. Methods: We visually studied the frequency of decapod crustaceans and fishes associated with echinoids in shallow water (< 4 m) and deeper water (5-20 m) at Los Cabos, Baja California Sur, Mexico, during 1-6 January 2019. Results: We inspected 1 058 echinoids of six species. Five decapod species associated with three species of echinoids. When compared with other echinoid species, in shallow water, decapods associated 5.1 times more often with the longest-spined echinoid Diadema mexicanum (7.0 times more decapods per individual D. mexicanum); in deeper water, association frequency was similar for all echinoid species. Fourteen fish species associated with four echinoid species. In shallow water, fishes associated 2.6 times more with D. mexicanum (4.5 times more fishes per individual). There was no preferred echinoid species in deeper water. Longer-spined D. mexicanum had more decapods and fishes. Associations were more frequent in shallow water. Multiple individuals and species of decapods and fish often associated together with a single D. mexicanum. The decapod that presumably is Tuleariocaris holthuisi showed a possible obligatory association with one of the equinoids (D. mexicanum); the other decapods and all fish species are facultative associates. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that decapods and fishes associate most frequently with echinoid with the longest spines, presumably to reduce the risk of predation.
Mecanismos inmunológicos en Cnidaria: un sistema inmune basal de gran complejidad e interés bioprospectivo
Authors: Leal Edwar , Suescún-Bolívar Parmenio , Múnera- Gómez Marlon
Published: November 2022

Introducción: La protección ante agentes biológicos propios y externos de los cnidarios dependen de la inmunidad innata, la cual consta de tres procesos inmunológicos principales: 1) reconocimiento inmunológico, 2) señalización intracelular, y 3) respuesta efectora. Objetivo: revisar críticamente el conocimiento actual del repertorio molecular involucrado en la respuesta inmune en cnidarios, así como, su papel en el establecimiento de la simbiosis, y las posibles aplicaciones biotecnológicas de las moléculas involucradas en el proceso de inmunidad. Métodos: se realizó una revisión de artículos científicos encontrados a través de las bases de datos del NCBI, Google Scholar y Scielo, con palabras claves como inmunidad y/o reconocimiento inmunológico en cnidarios, en una ventana de tiempo de la última década, sin descartar literatura clásica más antigua. Resultados: El reconocimiento inmunológico consiste en receptores inmunológicos que reconocen patrones moleculares e inducen respuestas efectoras como la movilización de moléculas al sitio de la infección, la ingestión microbiana y la formación de moléculas que activan cascadas de señalización. La fase de señalización involucra mediadores de la traducción de señales que activan genes de trascripción, y cascadas de señalización intracelular que inician respuestas de defensa adecuadas. Las respuestas efectoras incluyen la capa superficial del mucus, péptidos antimicrobianos, especies reactivas de oxígeno y la respuesta celular mediada por fagocitosis. Por último, se presenta un esquema y una tabla integral de las vías de respuesta inmune en los cnidario. Conclusiones: la inmunidad en Cnidaria está mediada por mecanismos de defensa complejos integrados por receptores de reconocimiento de patógenos, vías de señalización intracelular, células y moléculas efectoras encargadas de la eliminación del patógeno, y reconocimiento-aceptación de simbiontes. El estudio de compuestos activos del sistema inmune en Cnidaria ha sido poco explorado, sin embargo, el trabajo realizado con otros compuestos presentes en las toxinas de este filo, los sitúa como una fuente importante de moléculas antimicrobianas dignas de un análisis de bioprospección.
Mariposas frugívoras (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en plantaciones de eucalipto y bosques de galería en la Orinoquia colombiana
Authors: Rivera-Gallego Iván Darío , Pinzón Florián Olga Patricia
Published: November 2022

Introducción: Una actividad económica que ha tenido auge en la última década en el altiplano colombiano es la forestación de sabanas con alteraciones antrópicas, pero se desconoce su papel en la conservación de las mariposas frugívoras de los bosques de galería dentro de los núcleos forestales. Objetivo: Comparar la diversidad de mariposas frugívoras en plantaciones de eucalipto y bosques de galería, y el papel de las variables ambientales. Métodos: Utilizamos trampas Van Someren-Rydon, dos réplicas de cuatro trampas, en cada uno de los cuatro hábitats muestreados simultáneamente desde diciembre 2020 hasta julio 2021: plantación de eucaliptos de cuatro años; plantación de eucaliptos de seis años; bosque de galería de suelo seco y bosque de galería anegado. También registramos diez variables abióticas, estructurales, alimentarias y de hábitat. Resultados: Recolectamos 227 especímenes de mariposas frugívoras (30 especies, 23 géneros y 5 subfamilias de la familia Nymphalidae). Había más especies en los bosques. Las especies de mariposas variaron más del 50 % entre los hábitats; Satyrinae fue más diversa en las plantaciones. Conclusión: La forestación en esta área proporciona hábitats para algunas especies de mariposas frugívoras de los remanentes de bosques naturales adyacentes. Las forestaciones representan un escenario de alteración intermedia entre las dos unidades de paisaje dominantes en la región.
Feno-morfología de dos especies de páramo de Miconia (Melastomataceae): optimización de la floración y fructificación para mejorar la dispersión
Authors: Carvajal-Muñoz Angie Paola , Morales-Puentes María Eugenia , Gil-Leguizamón Pablo Andrés , Reyes-Duarte Andrea Camila
Published: November 2022

Introducción: El Páramo es de los ecosistemas más afectados por actividades humanas, lo que aumenta la necesidad de estudios fenológicos como base para el manejo y la conservación. Objetivo: Describir la feno-morfología de Miconia ligustrina y Miconia elaeoides. Métodos: De septiembre 2019 a febrero 2020, y de abril 2021 hasta agosto del mismo año, se monitoreó la fenología de 12 individuos de cada especie. Adicionalmente, se vincularon datos fenológicos de ejemplares de herbario, para corroborar los resultados obtenidos. En los dos conjuntos de datos, se describió su distribución usando estadística circular, además, se obtuvieron registros de precipitación y temperatura del área. Adicionalmente, se describió la morfometría de cada especie. Resultados: El pico de floración de M. lingustrina es en abril, y la fructificación se concentra entre junio y julio; M. elaoides, florece de forma masiva en enero, con la máxima producción de frutos en mayo. Hubo correlación entre fenología y lluvias: la floración se da en época seca y la fructificación en la época lluviosa. Las especies difieren en morfología, pero, como en otras especies de Miconia, las flores y frutos son pequeños (aprox. 5 mm). Conclusión: La floración se presenta en la época seca y la fructificación en la época lluviosa, cuando las tasas de fotosíntesis son bajas y la frugivoría incrementa. Este patrón fenológico favorece la dispersión óptima de semillas.
RELACIÓN DE LA SABIDURÍA Y LA FELICIDAD EN DOCENTES DE ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA DEL ECUADOR
Authors: Guevara-Sánchez Adrián A. , Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo
Published: November 2022

El estudio de los aspectos positivos de la vida humana como el amor, la felicidad o la sabiduría tiene un papel relevante en la investigación psicológica, en especial para explotar el potencial humano innato. El objetivo de esta investigación se direcciona a conocer la relación entre los niveles de sabiduría y felicidad en una muestra de docentes de enseñanza secundaria de Ecuador. Mediante un paradigma post-positivista se recurrió a una metodología de tipo descriptiva, comparativa por género, correlacional y de corte transversal por medio de las pruebas escala tridimensional de sabiduría y cuestionario de felicidad de Oxford. En el estudio participaron 210 individuos (70,5 % femenino y 29,5 % masculino), con edades entre 20 a 60 años, docentes de enseñanza secundaria. El análisis mostró presencia de sabiduría moderada y de felicidad alta-moderada. No se presentan diferencias por género en las variables de interés (p> .05). Se encontró una relación baja positiva entre las variables de análisis con r= ,371; p< .01, por tanto, la sabiduría se relaciona con la felicidad, al ser un componente complementario en el desarrollo de la misma. Los hallazgos aportan información relevante para el desarrollo de la psicología positiva.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PULSE INJECTORS USED IN THE CREATION OF PLASMA BEAMS
Authors: Batrak Nikita V. , Kutyrev M. V. , Kopaleishvili Nikita G.
Published: November 2022

An interaction of plasma beams with a target located in a seed magnetic field is considered by authors. Two types of designs of pulse choke-transformers used in experiments are presented.
Közép-európai Többnemzeti Hadosztályparancsnokság megalakítása és annak műszaki kérdései
Authors: Tábi Levente
Published: November 2022

A Közép-európai Többnemzeti Hadosztály-parancsnokságot (Headquarters MultinationalDivision Centre, HQ MND-C) a magyar Kormány kezdeményezésére – háromkeretnemzet együttműködésében – alakították meg a NATO keleti szárnyán meglévőhiány pótlása céljából. Hadosztályszintű vezetési szint már évek óta nincs a MagyarHonvédség (MH) struktúrájában, ugyanúgy, ahogy a fegyvernemi szaktörzselemeksem léteznek. A megalakuló parancsnokság állományának az egyik fő feladata enneka fegyvernemi hadikultúrának az újrateremtése. A NATO-elvekhez illeszkedő műszakifőnökség a múltbéli tapasztalatokat felhasználva, az érvényben lévő NATO szabályzókszerint, de a kor kihívásaira reagálni képesen teremti meg és működteti a hadosztályszintű műszaki támogatási szakfeladatok rendjét.
A háború áldozatai: a diszkriminációs szabály jelene az arab–izraeli konfliktusokban
Authors: Boda Mihály , Rémai Dániel
Published: November 2022

A tanulmány első része részletesen foglakozott az ártatlanok, civilek és nem-harcolókvédelmével a katonai etika, azonban belül az igazságos háború elméletének nézőpontjából.Bemutatta a felsorolt csoportok védelmét előíró diszkriminációs szabály történetétés tartalmát. A tanulmány második része a diszkriminációs szabály betarthatóságátés tényleges betartását vizsgálja az arab–izraeli konfliktusban. Az elméleti keretekismeretében vizsgálja a tanulmány az ártatlanok, civilek és nem-harcolók helyzeténekváltozását az arab–izraeli konfliktus elmúlt évtizedeiben, valamint választ keres arraa kérdésre, hogy ténylegesen fennállnak-e olyan körülmények, amelyek miatt a civillakosságot ért veszteségek elkerülhetetlenek.
Afganisztán a proxy háborúk ősmodellje
Authors: Katona Magda Nasrin
Published: November 2022

A tanulmány a proxy háborúk definícióját és történelmi kategorizálását követően azalkalmazott kutatási módszerek komplexitását hangsúlyozva ismerteti azokat. Afganisztánunikális sajátosságainak bemutatását követően rámutat arra, hogy miérttekintjük Afganisztánt a proxy háborúk ősmodelljének, ahol az állam is proxy és a szembenállónem állami szereplők is proxyk. Bemutatjuk, hogyan válik az ország a régióvetélkedő államainak csatateréből a világpólusok nagyhatalmai nyílt- és burkolt konfrontációjánakütköző zónájává. Konklúzióként levonható, hogy az ország különlegességeés sokszínűségének okán, ahol nincsenek megbízható statisztikák, a kutatás nagyhely- és nyelvismeretet, orientalisztikai, biztonságpolitikai ismereteket igényel, aholnem lehet számítógépes algoritmussal modelleket generálni.