bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Object play in thick-toed geckos during a space experiment
Authors: Barabanov Valerij , Gulimova Victoria , Berdiev Rustam , Saveliev Sergey
Published: March 2015

Play behavior was observed in thick-toed geckos (Chondrodactylus turneriGRAY 1864) during a 30-day orbital experiment on the unmanned spacecraft “BION-M” No. 1. The geckos wore ornamented colored collars which made it possible to track the behavior of individual animals on video recordings. The object of the play behavior was a collar that one of the geckos had managed to remove in the pre-launch period and which floated weightless in the animal holding unit under microgravity. Four of the five geckos participated in play episodes, which were defined as one-time interactions with the collar, as well in a fuller form of play that included approaching the unmoving collar or observing its approach, manipulations with the collar and further tracking the collar. Manipulations with the collar could take the form of complicated play, such as pressing the snout against the edge of the collar rim, multiple episodes of pushing the collar with the snout, inserting the head into the collar, holding the collar by pressing the head to the container floor and tilting the head with the collar on the snout. There were individual variations in play pattern. Explanations for the rarity of play behavior in reptiles under normal conditions and the geckos’ playfulness in microgravity are discussed. Appropriate video is available athttp://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo150224ct01a.
Methyl Esters (Biodiesel) from and Fatty Acid Profile of Gliricidia sepium Seed Oil
Authors: Knothe Gerhard , de Castro Maria Ellenita G. , Razon Luis F.
Published: March 2015

Increasing the supply of biodiesel by defining and developing additional feedstocks is important to overcome the still limited amounts available of this alternative fuel. In this connection, the methyl esters of the seed oil of Gliricidia sepium were synthesized and the significant fuel‐related properties were determined. The fatty acid profile was also determined with saturated fatty acids comprising slightly more than 35 %, 16.5 % palmitic, 14.5 % stearic, as well as lesser amounts of even longer‐chain fatty acids. Linoleic acid is the most prominent acid at about 49 %. Corresponding to the high content of saturated fatty acid methyl esters, cold flow is the most problematic property as shown by a high cloud point of slightly >20 °C. Otherwise, the properties of G. sepium methyl esters are acceptable for biodiesel use when comparing them to specifications in biodiesel standards but the problematic cold flow properties would need to be observed. The 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra of G. sepium methyl esters are reported.
PEA‐15 facilitates EGFR dephosphorylation via ERK sequestration at increased ER–PM contacts in TNBC cells
Authors: Shin Miyoung , Lee Kyung-Eun , Yang Eun Gyeong , Jeon Hyesung , Song Hyun Kyu
Published: March 2015

Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes of 15kDa (PEA‐15) is known to sequester extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) in the cytoplasm, inhibiting tumorigenesis of human breast cancer cells. Here, we describe how PEA‐15 expression affects the dephosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–plasma membrane (PM) contacts in MDA‐MB‐468, triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The increased intracellular calcium concentration resulting from increased cytoplasmic phosphorylated ERK facilitates movement of ER‐anchored calcium sensors to the PM. The driving force of trans‐localization of calcium‐dependent proteins enhances the contact between the activated EGFR and ER‐localized phosphatase, PTP1B. Consequently, our findings suggest a mechanism underneath the facilitation of EGFR dephosphorylation by cytoplasmic PEA‐15 expression inside TNBC cells, which may be one of the dynamic mechanisms for down‐regulation of activated EGFR in cancer cells.
Sudden manifestation of sinus arrest nine months after catheter ablation treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Takigawa Masateru , Kuwahara Taishi , Okubo Kenji , Takahashi Atsushi
Published: March 2015

A 39‐year‐old man with a seemingly non‐remodeled, small heart suffered persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Extensive isolation of the pulmonary vein, superior vena cava, and posterior left atrium, in conjunction with right atrium focal ablation, was performed to ablate multiple AF foci during two catheter ablation sessions. Sinus arrest occurred suddenly during follow‐up, despite the absence of recurrent AF, ultimately necessitating pacemaker implantation. This case underscores the necessity of careful follow‐up after catheter ablation, highlighting the risk of sudden, severe sinus node dysfunction, even in young AF patients with small hearts.
An accelerated diagnostic protocol for the early, safe discharge of low-risk chest pain patients
Authors: Altherwi Tawfeeq , Grad Willis B.
Published: March 2015

Clinical Question

Can an accelerated 2-hour diagnostic protocol using the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) measurement as the only biomarker be implemented to allow an earlier and safe discharge of low-risk chest pain patients?

Article Chosen

Than M, Cullen L, Aldous S, et al. 2-Hour accelerated diagnostic protocol to assess patients with chest pain symptoms using contemporary troponins as the only biomarker: the ADAPT trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59(23):2091-8.

Objective

To determine whether an accelerated diagnostic protocol (ADP) for possible cardiac chest pain could identify low-risk patients suitable for early discharge using cTnI as the sole biomarker.
Altered Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity to Pain in Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Léonard Guillaume , Chalaye Philippe , Goffaux Philippe , Mathieu David , Gaumond Isabelle , Marchand Serge
Published: March 2015

Background: In the past two decades, there has been increasing evidence to suggest that trigeminal neuralgia (TN) may be linked to a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The aim of the present study was to formally test this hypothesis by comparing the reactivity of the ANS to experimental pain in a population of TN patients and healthy controls. Methods: Twelve patients diagnosed with classical TN and 12 healthy controls participated in the study. Cardiac activity was assessed while participants were instructed to rest and again during a cold pressor test (CPT). Heart rate variability analyses were performed off-line to obtain parasympathetic (high-frequency) and sympathetic (low-frequency) indices. Results: At baseline, ANS measures did not differ between healthy controls and TN patients, and both groups showed a similar increase in heart rate during the CPT (all p values >0.05). However, TN patients showed a greater increase in cardiac sympathetic activity and a greater decrease in cardiac parasympathetic activity during CPT compared with healthy controls (all p values <0.05). Importantly, changes in sympathetic reactivity, from baseline to CPT, were negatively associated with the number of pain paroxysms experienced each day by TN patients in the preceding week (r=−.58, p<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that TN, like many other short-lasting, unilateral facial pain conditions, is linked to ANS alterations. Future studies are required to determine if the altered ANS response observed in TN patients is a cause or a consequence of TN pain
Stabilization of a hypersonic boundary layer using a felt-metal porous coating
Authors: Tritarelli R. C. , Lele S. K. , Fedorov A.
Published: March 2015

An error in the complex representation of the porous-coating model used in the study by Fedorov et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 479, 2003, pp. 99–124), investigating the stabilization effect of ultrasonically absorptive coatings on hypersonic boundary layers, is pointed out and corrected. This error has been acknowledged by Fedorov et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 769, 2015, pp. 725–728). The corrected version of the erroneous linear stability results of the original work is presented and previously made conclusions are reassessed. The novel numerical results indicate that second-mode instabilities are shifted to lower frequencies on felt-metal porous coatings, similar to the behaviour observed on porous coatings with regular microstructure.
CHORAL PROJECTIONS ANDEMBOLIMAIN EURIPIDES' TRAGEDIES
Authors: Nikolaidou-Arabatzi Smaro
Published: March 2015

In hisPoeticsAristotle argued that the chorus being one of the actors, as in Sophocles, was its finest function, while he criticized Euripides' choruses for not being part of the whole and not sharing in the action. Aristotle also mentioned that in the work of other tragic poets (probably from the late fifth century onwards) the chorus's odes stood outside the context of the dramatic myth, and named these odesembolima, ascribing their origin to Agathon (who was active in the last quarter of the fifth centurybc). So we should not assume that in Aristotle's view Euripides was responsible for paving the way for the practice of theembolima. However, it is at least certain that, in his opinion, Euripides' choral odes were less dependent upon the dramatic plot than those of Sophocles.
A NOTE ON CASTORION'SHYMN TO PAN(SH310): METRE AND SYNTAX, READING AND LISTENING
Authors: Magnelli Enrico
Published: March 2015

A passage of Clearchus' Περὶ γρίϕων (‘On riddles’), quoted by Athenaeus (10.454f–455a), preserves five lines from aHymn to Panby the early Hellenistic poet Castorion of Soloi, at the same time providing the reader with a clue to the puzzle that this fragment – according to the poet's own words – conveys:

τὸ δὲ Καστορίωνος τοῦ Σολέως [SH310], ὡς ὁ Κλέαρχός ϕησιν [fr. 88 Wehrli], εἰς τὸν Πᾶνα ποίημα τοιοῦτόν ἐστι· τῶν ποδῶν ἕκαστος ὅλοις ὀνόμασιν περιειλημμένος πάντας ὁμοίως ἡγεμονικοὺς καὶ ἀκολουθητικοὺς ἔχει τοὺς πόδας, οἷον·
Greek History
Authors: Vlassopoulos Kostas
Published: March 2015

This review commences with two important recent books on archaic Greek history. Hans van Wees sees fiscality as a main aspect of the development of Greek communities in the archaic period. He explores the trajectory of Greek, and more specifically Athenian, fiscality in the course of the archaic period from personal to institutional power, from informal to formal procedures, and from undifferentiated to specialized offices and activities. Van Wees argues convincingly that navies based on publicly built and funded triremes appeared from 530s onwards as a Greek reaction to the emergence of the Persian Empire; the resources for maintaining such navies revolutionized Greek fiscality. This means that the Athenian navy emerged decades before its traditional attribution to the Themistoclean programme of the 480s; but this revolution would have been impossible without the gradual transformation of Athenian fiscality in the previous decades from Solon onwards, as regards the delimitation of institutional and specialized fiscal offices, such as thenaukraroiandkolakretai, and the creation of formal procedures of taxation like theeisphora. This is a very important book that should have significant repercussions on the wider study of archaic Greece and Athenian history; but it also raises the major issue of the nature of our written sources for archaic Athens. While van Wees's use of the sources is plausible, there does not seem to be any wider principle of selection than what suits the argument (very sceptical on the tradition about Solon's fiscal measures, or Themistocles’ mines and navy policy; accepting of traditions about Hippias’ and Cleisthenes’ fiscal measures). We urgently need a focused methodological discussion of the full range of sources and the ways in which tradition, anachronism, ideology, and debate have shaped what we actually have.
General
Authors: Izzet Vedia , Shorrock Robert
Published: March 2015

Twelves Voices from Greece and Romeby Christopher Pelling and Maria Wyke sounds like a title specially commissioned by this very journal, though, alas, we can claim none of the credit! The collaboration arose out of a BBC Radio 3 series on classical literature in collaboration with the Open University and should have a broad appeal. Of the twelve voices six are Greek, six Latin: for the poets, Homer, Sappho, Virgil, Horace; for the tragedians, Euripides; for the historians Herodotus, Thucydides, Caesar, Tacitus; with Cicero for the orators (and philosophers…) and Juvenal for the satirists, paired with the final ‘voice’ in the collection: Lucian (a striking sign of the growing interest and marketability of Second Sophistic and Imperial Greek authors). This is a stimulating and enjoyable read, which carries one swiftly along. It is not a didactic regurgitation of literary and cultural history (though the final section on ‘Translations and Further Reading’ gives all the references one needs for further research) but a celebration of the continuing relevance of the Classics:

The texts of the ancient world can still speak, not just to us, but with us, and in a range of exhilarating and disturbing ways. They still matter, and what they talk about can still be fresh (whether empire, masculinity, nature, urbanity, madness, rationality, religious commitment and disbelief, family and friendship, desire, or death). (x)
Larval trematode infections in Galba truncatula (Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae) from the Brenne Regional Natural Park, central France
Authors: Rondelaud D. , Vignoles P. , Dreyfuss G.
Published: March 2015

Adult Galba truncatula ( ≥ 4 mm in shell height) were collected from 135 habitats for 3 years (2012–2014) to identify parasite species via the study of cercariae, and to determine the prevalence of each digenean infection in relation to the type of snail habitat (six types). A total of 323 infected snails and ten digenean species were noted in the bodies of 11,025 G. truncatula after their dissection. Snails with Calicophoron daubneyi and/or Fasciola hepatica were found in 20.7% and 12.5% of the habitats, respectively, and most of these infected snails were collected from rainwater-draining furrows and pools in meadows. The percentages were lower for snails with Echinostoma revolutum (9.6% of habitats) and Haplometra cylindracea (7.4%), and were less than 5% for those parasitized by any of the other five species of digenean. The highest prevalence of all digenean infections was noted in pools (9.4%), followed by furrows located in meadows (8.3%) and ponds (5.1%). The prevalence noted for each digenean infection varied with the type of habitat. In furrows located in meadows, the infection rate of C. daubneyi in snails (3.5%) was significantly higher than that of F. hepatica (2.2%). In pools, values greater than 1.5% were noted for C. daubneyi, H. cylindracea and Opistoglyphe ranae. In ponds, E. revolutum was the dominant species (prevalence, 2.5%). Parasite species richness in G. truncatula was greater in the Brenne Natural Regional Park than in the nearby region of Limousin (ten instead of eight). The distribution and prevalence of each parasite species were dependent on the type and location of each snail habitat.
Audit of transoral laser-assisted microsurgical resection of early laryngeal cancer
Authors: Amir I , Vernham G A
Published: March 2015

Objective:

This study aimed to report our current practice of transoral laser microsurgery for early glottic cancer against the standards outlined by the ENT UK Head and Neck Group and assess the oncological outcome.

Method:

A retrospective review of case notes of patients diagnosed with early glottic cancer (tumour stages Tis, T1 and T2) who underwent transoral laser microsurgery as a primary curative treatment. The minimum follow-up period was two years.

Results:

Thirty-one patients had transoral laser microsurgery for early glottic cancer during the study period. Eighty-four per cent of cases were discussed by a multidisciplinary team prior to transoral laser microsurgery. Complete circumferential excision was achieved in 77 per cent of cases. Sixty-five per cent of specimens were subjected to histological analysis; they complied with standard pathology reporting for margins. Within 12 months of transoral laser microsurgery, there were 10 residual cases and 2 recurrences. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis gave disease-free survival rates of 96.8 per cent at 18 months and 93.5 per cent at 24 months. The laryngectomy-free survival rate was 96.8 per cent at two years.

Conclusion:

The findings of this audit are encouraging and have highlighted areas for further discussions, recommendations, training and education.
First estimates of primate density and abundance in Siberut National Park, Mentawai Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Quinten Marcel C. , Nopiansyah Fifin , Hodges J. Keith
Published: March 2015

In 2011 we carried out the first systematic survey to determine the density and abundance of endemic forest primates in Siberut National Park, in the Mentawai Islands of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Distance sampling was employed to survey 18 transects located systematically throughout the Park, yielding a total survey effort of 192 km and 285 observations of primates for data analysis. From density estimates for the four resident primate species, the Siberut langurPresbytis siberu, the pig-tailed snub-nosed langurSimias concolor, Kloss's gibbonHylobates klossiiand the Siberut macaqueMacaca siberu, we extrapolated a total population of c. 51,000 primates within the Park. We conclude that Siberut National Park is of major significance for the continued survival of Siberut's endemic primates, and provide recommendations to help ensure that it will continue to function as a refuge for primates.
Molecular characterization ofTrichomonas gallinaeisolates recovered from the Canadian Maritime provinces’ wild avifauna reveals the presence of the genotype responsible for the European finch trichomonosis epidemic and additional strains
Authors: MCBURNEY SCOTT , KELLY-CLARK WHITNEY K. , FORZÁN MARÍA J. , LAWSON BECKI , TYLER KEVIN M. , GREENWOOD SPENCER J.
Published: March 2015

Finch trichomonosis, caused byTrichomonas gallinae, emerged in the Canadian Maritime provinces in 2007 and has since caused ongoing mortality in regional purple finch (Carpodacus purpureus) and American goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) populations.Trichomonas gallinaewas isolated from (1) finches and rock pigeons (Columbia livia) submitted for post-mortem or live-captured at bird feeding sites experiencing trichomonosis mortality; (2) bird seed at these same sites; and (3) rock pigeons live-captured at known roosts or humanely killed. Isolates were characterized using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and iron hydrogenase (Fe-hyd) gene sequences. Two distinct ITS types were found. Type A was identical to the UK finch epidemic strain and was isolated from finches and a rock pigeon with trichomonosis; apparently healthy rock pigeons and finches; and bird seed at an outbreak site. Type B was obtained from apparently healthy rock pigeons. Fe-hyd sequencing revealed six distinct subtypes. The predominant subtype in both finches and the rock pigeon with trichomonosis was identical to the UK finch epidemic strain A1. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in Fe-hyd sequences suggest there is fine-scale variation amongst isolates and that finch trichomonosis emergence in this region may not have been caused by a single spill-over event.
Euesperides: the Rescue of an Excavation
Authors: Vickers Michael , Gill David , Economou Maria
Published: March 2015

There was a time when the Department of Antiquities at the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford was prosperous enough to support a venture which called itself the Ashmolean Expedition to Cyrenaica. The form this exercise took was the excavation over three seasons between 1952 and 1954 of parts of the site of the Greek city of Euesperides situated on the outskirts of Benghazi (Fig. 1 ).

Euesperides does not figure large in history. We first hear of it in 515 in connection with the revolt of Barca from the Persians: a punitive expedition was sent by the satrap in Egypt and it marched as far west as Euesperides. Euesperides played a part in the downfall of the Battiads, the ruling house of Cyrene. Arcesilas IV tried to create a safe haven against the day when his regime might be overthrown, and in 462 in effect refounded the city with a new body of settlers attracted from all over Greece.
Intelligent computing in large-scale systems
Authors: Kołodziej Joanna , González-Vélez Horacio , Xhafa Fatos , Barolli Leonard
Published: March 2015

Intelligent computing in large-scale systems provides systematic methodologies and tools for building complex inferential systems, which are able to adapt, mine data sets, evolve, and act in a nimble manner within major distributed environments with diverse architectures featuring multiple cores, accelerators, and high-speed networks.

We believe that the papers presented in this special issue ought to serve as a reference for students, researchers, and industry practitioners interested in the evolving, interdisciplinary area of intelligent computing in large-scale systems. We very much hope that readers will find in this compendium new inspiration and ideas to enhance their own research.
Recalcitrant and orthodoxSpartinaseeds or isolated embryos exhibit similar leachate patterns immediately following desiccation
Authors: Chappell James H. , Wang Yi , Cohn Marc Alan
Published: March 2015

Solute leakage is used as an indicator of membrane damage during desiccation of recalcitrant seeds. We re-examined this phenomenon and its utility by comparing recalcitrantSpartina alternifloraand orthodoxSpartina pectinataseeds, as well as drying isolated embryos or embryos isolated after whole-seed drying. During drying, intact seed leakage (electrical conductivity and absorbance at 280 nm) was independent of seed moisture content, dormant/non-dormant state or desiccation tolerance. Embryos from bothSpartinaspecies, isolated after drying within the intact seed, exhibited increased leakage, especially below 40% (dry weight basis, DWB) seed moisture, the critical water content for viability loss inSpartina alterniflora. When isolated embryos were dried, the pattern and extent of increased solute leakage were similar in bothSpartinaspecies, even thoughS. pectinataembryos were >95% viable andS. alternifloraembryos were < 20% viable. We conclude that increased solute leakage is an artefact of embryo excision and not an accurate indicator of desiccation damage to recalcitrantSpartina alternifloraseeds.
How the Public in the US, Latin America, and East Asia Sees an Emerging China
Authors: Aldrich John H. , Lu Jie
Published: March 2015

The People’s Republic of China’s dramatic transformation has not only benefited its people, but has also led it to become a major player in the world. Here we examine how deeply perceptions of China have penetrated into the public’s perceptions in a wide variety of nations around the world – the US, 11 nations in East Asia, and 22 in Latin America. We ask a series of questions: how much do people know? How do Americans evaluate China? And how do publics in East Asia and Latin America view China’s influence in their nations and around the world? We also examine some of the ways in which perceptions vary, both across nations and within nations, such as by partisanship. In addition, we report the results of an experiment using an advertisement the PRC ran in the US to assess how successful they were in shaping public opinion about China. We conclude that our studies, and those of others, provide a strong baseline for assessing the effect of an emerging superpower on citizens around the world.
Maoism and Postmodernism
Authors: Hornung Alfred
Published: March 2015

In this essay I discuss the emergence of the Mao cult during the Cultural Revolution in China and its appropriation in cultural revolutions in Europe and the United States to show how this image resonated with similar cults of popular icons in the West and lent itself to the formulation of theories and practices of postmodernism. The image quality of these cults facilitated the rise of the Mao-craze in the late 1980s and 1990s when political pop productions of Mao by Chinese artists emerged in New York and were then transplanted to China where they met with transfigurations of Mao’s legacy in the People’s Republic. The final stage of postmodern variations of Mao is reached with the presidency of Barack Obama in 2009 and the merging of the two leaders into Chairman Obamao or Comrade Maobama, which can be read as the end of ideological contrast between the two countries for the sake of creating a system of political interdependence for the 21st century, a postmodern prefiguration of a coming ChinAmerica.
Which functional unit to identify sustainable foods?
Authors: Masset Gabriel , Vieux Florent , Darmon Nicole
Published: March 2015

Objective

In life-cycle assessment, the functional unit defines the unit for calculation of environmental indicators. The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of two functional units, 100 g and 100 kcal (420 kJ), on the associations between three dimensions for identifying sustainable foods, namely environmental impact (via greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE)), nutritional quality (using two distinct nutrient profiling systems) and price.

Design

GHGE and price data were collected for individual foods, and were each expressed per 100 g and per 100 kcal. Two nutrient profiling models, SAIN,LIM and UK Ofcom, were used to assess foods’ nutritional quality. Spearman correlations were used to assess associations between variables. Sustainable foods were identified as those having more favourable values for all three dimensions.

Setting

The French Individual and National Dietary Survey (INCA2), 2006–2007.

Subjects

Three hundred and seventy-three foods highly consumed in INCA2, covering 65 % of total energy intake of adult participants.

Results

When GHGE and price were expressed per 100 g, low-GHGE foods had a lower price and higher SAIN,LIM and Ofcom scores (r=0·59, −0·34 and −0·43, respectively), suggesting a compatibility between the three dimensions; 101 and 100 sustainable foods were identified with SAIN,LIM and Ofcom, respectively. When GHGE and price were expressed per 100 kcal, low-GHGE foods had a lower price but also lower SAIN,LIM and Ofcom scores (r=0·67, 0·51 and 0·47, respectively), suggesting that more environment-friendly foods were less expensive but also less healthy; thirty-four sustainable foods were identified with both SAIN,LIM and Ofcom.

Conclusions

The choice of functional unit strongly influenced the compatibility between the sustainability dimensions and the identification of sustainable foods.
Stationary planar-surface target detection in an unknown indoor environment
Authors: Yan Honghui , Liu Qiaozhen , Thomä Reiner S.
Published: March 2015

It is difficult to detect a stationary object in practice, especially in an unknown indoor environment, because (a) there is no distinct speed difference between the targets and the background; (b) responses of the targets are contaminated by dense unknown clutter; (c) a priori knowledge of the background is not always available for some scenarios. In this paper, a set of ultra-wideband sensors are used to detect a stationary target with a planar diffuse surface. It is shown that, the relative spectrum-shifts of the data after data-projection operation, are closely connected to the illumination-angle differences. Based on this, a detector is designed, and the location and the orientation of the target are determined. In order to mitigate the influence of clutters, a “time-shift & accumulation” scheme is designed to enhance the signal. As a consequence, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio is increased. In addition, results from measurement in a realistic indoor environment are provided.
Effects of Anti-Black Political Messages on Self-Esteem
Authors: Lyle Monique L.
Published: March 2015

This study examines how anti-Black political rhetoric affects race-specific collective self-esteem (R-CSE) and internal political efficacy among African–Americans and Whites. Results from an experiment in which subjects received an anti-Black stereotype-accentuating message attributed to either a political figure or an “ordinary American,” or no message at all, demonstrate that the political message undermined how African–Americans regard their own racial group, activated beliefs about how others regard African–Americans as a predictor of how African–Americans regard their own racial group, and undermined internal political efficacy. For Whites, the results demonstrate that the political message moderated the relationship between how they regard their own racial group and beliefs about how others regard their racial group, though the political message did not significantly increase or decrease racial group-regard or political efficacy overall. These results provide empirical confirmation of the role that government and politics can play in self-esteem.
Hyperkaliämie – was der Hausarzt wissen muss
Authors: Schnyder Aurelia , Hüsler Carina , Binet Isabelle
Published: March 2015

Die Hyperkaliämie kann eine Herausforderung in der Hausarztpraxis darstellen, da sie sowohl benigne wie auch lebensbedrohlich sein kann. Differenzialdiagnostisch sind vier Möglichkeiten zu unterscheiden: die präanalytische Ursache, die Kaliumfreisetzung durch Zelllyse, den Kaliumshift oder die reduzierte renale Kaliumausscheidung. Die erste Differenzialdiagnostik erfolgt in vielen Fällen bereits durch eine genaue Anamnese insbesondere der Medikamenteneinnahme. Auch die ersten klinischen und laborchemischen Abklärungsschritte können in der Hausarztpraxis erfolgen. Wenn die Hyperkaliämie nicht als «Laborente» (Pseudohyperkaliämie) enttarnt werden oder durch Polymedikation und Grunderkrankungen hinreichend erklärt werden kann, muss nach bisher noch nicht bekannten nephrologischen, endokrinologischen und kardialen Erkrankungen gefahndet werden. Sollten sich gravierende Grundkrankheiten als Ursache zeigen, ist die Zuweisung zu den entsprechenden Spezialisten angezeigt.
Multi-spectral fluorescent reporter influenza viruses (Color-flu) as powerful tools for in vivo studies
Authors: Fukuyama Satoshi , Katsura Hiroaki , Zhao Dongming , Ozawa Makoto , Ando Tomomi , Shoemaker Jason E. , Ishikawa Izumi , Yamada Shinya , Neumann Gabriele , Watanabe Shinji , Kitano Hiroaki , Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Published: March 2015

Seasonal influenza A viruses cause annual epidemics of respiratory disease; highly pathogenic avian H5N1 and the recently emerged H7N9 viruses cause severe infections in humans, often with fatal outcomes. Although numerous studies have addressed the pathogenicity of influenza viruses, influenza pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here we generate influenza viruses expressing fluorescent proteins of different colours (‘Color-flu’ viruses) to facilitate the study of viral infection in in vivo models. On adaptation to mice, stable expression of the fluorescent proteins in infected animals allows their detection by different types of microscopy and by flow cytometry. We use this system to analyse the progression of viral spread in mouse lungs, for live imaging of virus-infected cells, and for differential gene expression studies in virus antigen-positive and virus antigen-negative live cells in the lungs of Color-flu-infected mice. Collectively, Color-flu viruses are powerful tools to analyse virus infections at the cellular level in vivo to better understand influenza pathogenesis.
Ferromagnetism induced by entangled charge and orbital orderings in ferroelectric titanate perovskites
Authors: Bristowe N. C. , Varignon J. , Fontaine D. , Bousquet E. , Ghosez Ph.
Published: March 2015

In magnetic materials, the Pauli exclusion principle typically drives anti-alignment between electron spins on neighbouring species resulting in antiferromagnetic behaviour. Ferromagnetism exhibiting spontaneous spin alignment is a fairly rare behaviour, but once materialized is often associated with itinerant electrons in metals. Here we predict and rationalize robust ferromagnetism in an insulating oxide perovskite structure based on the popular titanate series. In half-doped layered titanates, the combination of Jahn–Teller and oxygen breathing motions opens a band gap and creates an unusual charge and orbital ordering of the Tidelectrons. It is argued that this intriguingly intricate electronic network favours the elusive inter-site ferromagnetic (FM) ordering, on the basis of intra-site Hund's rules. Finally, we find that the layered oxides are also ferroelectric with a spontaneous polarization approaching that of BaTiO3. The concepts are general and design principles of the technologically desirable FM ferroelectric multiferroics are presented.
Risk factors associated with Rift Valley fever epidemics in South Africa in 2008–11
Authors: Métras Raphaëlle , Jewell Chris , Porphyre Thibaud , Thompson Peter N. , Pfeiffer Dirk U. , Collins Lisa M. , White Richard G.
Published: March 2015

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic and vector-borne disease, mainly present in Africa, which represents a threat to human health, animal health and production. South Africa has experienced three major RVF epidemics (1950–51, 1973–75 and 2008–11). Due to data scarcity, no previous study has quantified risk factors associated with RVF epidemics in animals in South Africa. Using the 2008–11 epidemic datasets, a retrospective longitudinal study was conducted to identify and quantify spatial and temporal environmental factors associated with RVF incidence. Cox regressions with a Besag model to account for the spatial effects were fitted to the data. Coefficients were estimated by Bayesian inference using integrated nested Laplace approximation. An increase in vegetation density was the most important risk factor until 2010. In 2010, increased temperature was the major risk factor. In 2011, after the large 2010 epidemic wave, these associations were reversed, potentially confounded by immunity in animals, probably resulting from earlier infection and vaccination. Both vegetation density and temperature should be considered together in the development of risk management strategies. However, the crucial need for improved access to data on population at risk, animal movements and vaccine use is highlighted to improve model predictions.
Insights into the growth of small-sized SAPO-34 crystals synthesized by a vapor-phase transport method
Authors: Zhang Yicheng , Deng Zhongyan , Zhu Kake , Zhou Xinggui
Published: March 2015

Under VPT conditions, a dry gel derived from a conventional hydrogel (or an ultrasonically treated hydrogel) can be converted into SAPO-34 crystals around 300–500 nm (or below 100 nm).
Enhancement of the thermoelectric figure of merit in DNA-like systems induced by Fano and Dicke effects
Authors: Fu Hua-Hua , Gu Lei , Wu Dan-Dan , Zhang Zu-Quan
Published: March 2015

We report a theoretical study highlighting the thermoelectric properties of biological and synthetic DNA molecules.
Optical properties of irradiated imidazolium based room temperature ionic liquids: new microscopic insights into the radiation induced mutations
Authors: Guleria Apurav , Singh Ajay K , Adhikari Soumyakanti
Published: March 2015

The optical properties of electron beam irradiated RTILs revealed significant changes in the molecular rearrangements and realignment of bonding interactions. This study could be useful for comprehensively understanding the radiation driven effects in the ILs.
Stimuli-responsive/rheoreversible hydraulic fracturing fluids as a greener alternative to support geothermal and fossil energy production
Authors: Jung H. B. , Carroll K. C. , Kabilan S. , Heldebrant D. J. , Hoyt D. , Zhong L. , Varga T. , Stephens S. , Adams L. , Bonneville A. , Kuprat A. , Fernandez C. A.
Published: March 2015

A reversible CO2-triggered volume expansion significantly lowers the fracture initiation pressure in highly impermeable igneous rock as compared to conventional fracturing fluids.
Fabrication and characterization of novel highly transparent and organo-soluble poly(ether imide)s thin film for gas separation
Authors: Dinari Mohammad , Ahmadizadegan Hashem , Asadi Parvin
Published: March 2015

New poly(ether imide)s with good solubility, film quality and thermal stability were synthesis for high-performance gas separation membrane by solution-casting.
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs): delivery vehicles for food bioactives
Authors: Aditya N. P. , Ko Sanghoon
Published: March 2015

Bioactives which are isolated from different sources like plants, animals, etc. are known to be ideal candidates to treat and prevent chronic health problems such as obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc.
A smart tailor-made G-clip reporter for sensitive detection of G-triplet-containing sequences
Authors: Cai Liang-Yuan , Nie Ji , Zhang Yi-Wei , Zhang Fang-Ting , Zhou Ying-Lin , Zhang Xin-Xiang
Published: March 2015

A smart tailor-made G-clip reporter is developed for sensitive detection of a target sequence containing a G triplet.
Spontaneous assembly of silylethane-thiol derivatives on Au(111): a chemically robust thiol protecting group as the precursor for the direct formation of aromatic gold thiolate monolayers
Authors: Niebel Claude , Calard François , Jarrosson Thibaut , Lère-Porte Jean-Pierre , Breton Tony , Serein-Spirau Françoise
Published: March 2015

SAMs on gold were directly obtained from aromatic derivatives presenting robust silylethane-thiol groups as anchoring agents.
4-Phosphopyrazol-2-yl alanine: a non-hydrolysable analogue of phosphohistidine
Authors: Lilley Matthew , Mambwe Bezaleel , Thompson Mark J. , Jackson Richard F. W. , Muimo Richmond
Published: March 2015

We report the synthesis of a stable analogue of τ-phosphohistidine: 4-phosphopyrazol-2-yl alanine (pPza).
On the mechanism of methanol photooxidation to methylformate and carbon dioxide on TiO2: an operando-FTIR study
Authors: El-Roz Mohamad , Bazin Philippe , Daturi Marco , Thibault-Starzyk Frederic
Published: March 2015

This work is a mechanistic study of total and partial methanol photooxidation using operando FTIR coupled to gas phase analysis techniques (gas-IR and MS).
Enhanced electrochemical performance and thermal stability of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 using an electrolyte with sulfolane
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Jia-Jia , Wang Xue-Yin , Yang Cheng , Zheng Ming-Sen , Dong Quan-Feng
Published: March 2015

A sulfide-based SEI layer was formed on the surface of a LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode by using a sulfolane–carbonate mixed solvent electrolyte, which led to an improvement in the electrochemical performance and thermal stability.
Ion density deviations in semipermeable ionic microcapsules
Authors: Tang Qiyun , Denton Alan R.
Published: March 2015

Semipermeability of charged polyelectrolyte shells to polyions influences local ion concentrations, affecting performance of fluorescent dye-loaded microcapsules as biosensors.
Correction: Pure and Zn-doped Pt clusters go flat and upright on MgO(100)
Authors: Shen Lu , Dadras Jonny , Alexandrova Anastassia N.
Published: March 2015

Correction for ‘Pure and Zn-doped Pt clusters go flat and upright on MgO(100)’ by Lu Shen et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2014, 16, 26436–26442.
In vitro selection of deoxyribozymes active with Cd2+ ions resulting in variants of DNAzyme 8–17
Authors: Kasprowicz Aleksandra , Stokowa-Sołtys Kamila , Wrzesiński Jan , Jeżowska-Bojczuk Małgorzata , Ciesiołka Jerzy
Published: March 2015

In vitro selection was performed to search for RNA-cleaving DNAzymes active with Cd2+ ions. All the selected, catalytically active variants turned out to belong to the 8–17 type DNAzyme.
A highly soluble gadofullerene salt and its magnetic properties
Authors: Feng Yongqiang , Li Jie , Zhang Zhuxia , Wu Bo , Li Yongjian , Jiang Li , Wang Chunru , Wang Taishan
Published: March 2015

A stable complex of highly soluble Gd@C82/TBPA with improved paramagnetic properties and extensive applications was investigated.
P,O-Phosphinophenolate zinc(ii) species: synthesis, structure and use in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide, ε-caprolactone and trimethylene carbonate
Authors: Fliedel Christophe , Rosa Vitor , Alves Filipa M. , Martins Ana. M. , Avilés Teresa , Dagorne Samuel
Published: March 2015

Structurally diverse phosphinophenolate Zn(ii) heteroleptic and homoleptic compounds are reported, some of which efficiently mediate the controlled ROP of lactide, ε-caprolactone and trimethylene carbonate under living and immortal conditions.
Potentiometric sensing array for monitoring aquatic systems
Authors: Pankratova Nadezda , Crespo Gastón A. , Afshar Majid Ghahraman , Crespi Miquel Coll , Jeanneret Stéphane , Cherubini Thomas , Tercier-Waeber Mary-Lou , Pomati Francesco , Bakker Eric
Published: March 2015

A potentiometric sensing array was developed and successfully deployed for continuous monitoring of pH, calcium, nitrate and carbonate levels on the lake Greifensee.
Visible light induced, catalyst free, convenient synthesis of chromene nucleus and its derivatives using water–ethanol mixture as a solvent
Authors: Yadav Snehlata , Srivastava Madhulika , Rai Pratibha , Singh Jaya , Prasad Tiwari Kamla , Singh Jagdamba
Published: March 2015

Eco-friendly, one pot synthesis of chromene and pyridine nucleus initiated by visible light.
Optimum design of a nanoscale spin-Seebeck power device
Authors: Liao Tianjun , Lin Jian , Su Guozhen , Lin Bihong , Chen Jincan
Published: March 2015

A theoretical model of a nanoscale spin-Seebeck power device (SSPD) is proposed based on the longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect in bilayers made of a ferromagnetic insulator and a normal metal.
Novel ferrocene-based bifunctional amine–thioureas for asymmetric Michael addition of acetylacetone to nitroolefins
Authors: Ren Xiaochen , He Chunyan , Feng Yingle , Chai Yonghai , Yao Wei , Chen Weiping , Zhang Shengyong
Published: March 2015

An efficient method was developed to synthesize the ferrocene-based bifunctional amine–thioureas bearing multiple hydrogen-bonding donors. Asymmetric Michael addition of acetylacetone to nitroolefins catalyzed by these novel bifunctional catalysts affords the Michael adducts in high yield and moderate to excellent enantioselectivities.
Synthesis of planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane-based bisoxazoline ligands bearing no central chirality and application to Cu-catalyzed asymmetric O–H insertion reaction
Authors: Kitagaki Shinji , Sugisaka Kenta , Mukai Chisato
Published: March 2015

C
2-symmetric planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane-based bisoxazoline ligands effectively control the asymmetric induction during the Cu-catalyzed O–H insertion reaction of α-diazo esters.
Oxidative cross S–H/S–H coupling: selective synthesis of unsymmetrical aryl tert-alkyl disulfanes
Authors: Yuan Jiwen , Liu Chao , Lei Aiwen
Published: March 2015

Selective oxidative coupling between equivalent aryl and tert-alkyl mercaptans was achieved under mild condition. This protocol may provide an efficient process to synthesize the unsymmetrical aryl tert-alkyl disulfides.
Novel photolabile crosslinkers based on O-acyloxime moiety
Authors: Suyama Kanji , Tachi Hideki
Published: March 2015

Novel photolabile crosslinkers bearingO-acyloxime moiety are proposed. The crosslinkers were polymerized with methyl acrylate in film state, and the photodegradation of resulting films are demonstrated.
Cell uptake mechanisms of glycosylated cationic pDNA–cyclodextrin nanoparticles
Authors: Guilloteau Nicolas , Bienvenu Céline , Charrat Coralie , Jiménez Blanco José L. , Díaz-Moscoso Alejandro , Mellet Carmen Ortiz , García Fernández José M. , Vierling Pierre , Di Giorgio Christophe
Published: March 2015

β-Cyclodextrin-based glycoCDplexes are internalized through several redundant pathways whose relative prevalence depends on the coating sugar and on the cell line.
Mechanical properties and thermal stability of ultrathin molybdenum nanowires
Authors: Lin Ken-Huang , Liao Bo-Yuan , Ju Shin-Pon , Lin Jenn-Sen , Hsieh Jin-Yuan
Published: March 2015

The most stable structures of three ultrathin molybdenum (Mo) nanowires were predicted by the simulated annealing basin-hopping method (SABH) with the penalty algorithm.
Anthraquinone chromophore covalently bonded blocked waterborne polyurethanes: synthesis and application
Authors: Mao Haiyan , Yang Fan , Wang Chaoxia , Wang Youjiang , Yao Donggang , Yin Yunjie
Published: March 2015

A self-colored blocked waterborne polyurethane was developed for realizing synchronously coloring and finishing of textiles and improving colorfastness.
Phase and structure development of spontaneously ambient-grown ZnO·xH2O and TiO2·xH2O nanostructures towards oxide single crystals
Authors: Yang Nai-Hao , Chang Shou-Yi , Liu Chien-Yen , Wu Kai-Chieh , Lin Su-Jien , Yeh Jien-Wei
Published: March 2015

Stress-induced spontaneously ambient-grown orthorhombic ZnO·xH2O and monoclinic TiO2·xH2O nanostructures transform into single-crystalline wurtzite ZnO and polycrystalline brookite TiO2.
Dynamic stability characteristics of fluid flow in CO2 miscible displacements in porous media
Authors: Yang Wenzhe , Zhang Liang , Liu Yu , Zhao Yuechao , Jiang Lanlan , Yang Mingjun , Wang Zhiguo , Wang Dayong , Song Yongchen
Published: March 2015

The dynamic stability characteristics of fluid flow in miscible displacement processes were investigated by using a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and simulated by a lattice-Boltzmann method at elevated pressures.
Enhanced vertical ordering of block copolymer films by tuning molecular mass
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Douglas Jack F. , Satija Sushil , Karim Alamgir
Published: March 2015

An orientation transition with increasing BCP molecular mass from a parallel to a perpendicular orientation.
Preparation of polypropylene based hyperbranched absorbent fibers and the study of their adsorption of CO2
Authors: Xu Teng , Wu Qinghua , Chen Shuixia , Deng Mengwei
Published: March 2015

An effective and safe new procedure is developed for hyperbranched structure synthesis by stepwise growth using N-(2-chloroethyl)-benzaldimine as a monomer; the effects of the branched structure on the adsorption performance of the fiber have been investigated.
Development of an improved E. coli bacterial strain for green and sustainable concrete technology
Authors: Sarkar Manas , Alam Nurul , Chaudhuri Biswadeep , Chattopadhyay Brajadulal , Mandal Saroj
Published: March 2015

Genetic engineering of an improved bioremediase-like protein in the improvement of eco-friendly sustainable bioconcrete.
Preparation and catalytic properties of Pd nanoparticles supported on micro-crystal DUT-67 MOFs
Authors: Zhuang Gui-lin , Bai Jia-qi , Tan Li , Huang Hong-liang , Gao Yi-fen , Zhong Xing , Zhong Chong-li , Wang Jian-guo
Published: March 2015

The obtained Pd/DUT-67 composites exhibited high catalytic performance in Suzuki coupling and nitrobenzene hydrogenation reactions.
Preparation and properties of aligned graphene composites
Authors: Li Defeng , Liu Yuyan , Ma Haoxiang , Wang Youshan , Wang Lei , Xie Zhimin
Published: March 2015

The photopermeability of a composite with graphene oxide is seriously influenced by the magnetic field intensity and orientation of the curing environment.
Coupling electric energy and biogas production in anaerobic digesters – impacts on the microbiome
Authors: Koch Christin , Kuchenbuch Anne , Kretzschmar Jörg , Wedwitschka Harald , Liebetrau Jan , Müller Susann , Harnisch Falk
Published: March 2015

Microbiome based anaerobic digestion combined with microbial electrochemical technologies exploits biomass efficiently and flexibly by concurrent conversion to methane and electrons.
Pd/mannose promoted tandem cross coupling-nitro reduction: expedient synthesis of aminobiphenyls and aminostilbenes
Authors: Rohilla Sandeep , Pant Pradeep , Jain Nidhi
Published: March 2015

d-Mannose as a ligand for Pd catalyzed cross-coupling, and as a hydrogen source for nitro reduction in a modular one-pot cross coupling-nitro reduction sequence.
Effect of end-groups on simultaneous oleophobicity/hydrophilicity and anti-fogging performance of nanometer-thick perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs)
Authors: Wang Yongjin , Knapp James , Legere Aleigh , Raney Jacob , Li Lei
Published: March 2015

Simultaneously oleophobic/hydrophilic coatings are highly desirable in many important applications, e.g., anti-fogging.