Patient‐centered digital biomarkers for allergic respiratory diseases and asthma: The ARIA‐EAACI approach – ARIA‐EAACI Task Force Report
Authors: Bousquet Jean , Shamji Mohamed H. , Anto Josep M. , Schünemann Holger J. , Canonica G. Walter , Jutel Marek , Del Giacco Stefano , Zuberbier Torsten , Pfaar Oliver , Fonseca Joao A. , Sousa‐Pinto Bernardo , Klimek Ludger , Czarlewski Wienczyslawa , Bedbrook Anna , Amaral Rita , Ansotegui Ignacio J. , Bosnic‐Anticevich Sinthia , Braido Fulvio , Chaves Loureiro Claudia , Gemicioglu Bilun , Haahtela Tari , Kulus Marek , Kuna Piotr , Kupczyk Maciej , Matricardi Paolo M. , Regateiro Frederico S. , Samolinski Boleslaw , Sofiev Mikhail , Toppila‐Salmi Sanna , Valiulis Arunas , Ventura Maria Teresa , Barbara Cristina , Bergmann Karl C. , Bewick Michael , Blain Hubert , Bonini Matteo , Boulet Louis‐Philippe , Bourret Rodolphe , Brusselle Guy , Brussino Luisa , Buhl Roland , Cardona Victoria , Casale Thomas , Cecchi Lorenzo , Charpin Denis , Cherrez‐Ojeda Ivan , Chu Derek K. , Cingi Cemal , Costa Elisio M. , Cruz Alvaro A. , Devillier Philippe , Dramburg Stephanie , Fokkens Wytske J. , Gotua Maia , Heffler Enrico , Ispayeva Zhanat , Ivancevich Juan Carlos , Joos Guy , Kaidashev Igor , Kraxner Helga , Kvedariene Violeta , Larenas‐Linnemann Désirée E. , Laune Daniel , Lourenço Olga , Louis Renaud , Makela Mika , Makris Michael , Maurer Marcus , Melén Erik , Micheli Yann , Morais‐Almeida Mario , Mullol Joaquim , Niedoszytko Marek , O'Hehir Robyn , Okamoto Yoshitaka , Olze Heidi , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Papi Alberto , Patella Vincenzo , Pétré Benoit , Pham‐Thi Nhân , Puggioni Francesca , Quirce Santiago , Roche Nicolas , Rouadi Philip W. , Sá‐Sousa Ana , Sagara Hironori , Sastre Joaquin , Scichilone Nicola , Sheikh Aziz , Sova Milan , Suppli Ulrik Charlotte , Taborda‐Barata Luis , Todo‐Bom Ana , Torres Maria J. , Tsiligianni Ioanna , Usmani Omar S. , Valovirta Erkka , Vasankari Tuula , Vieira Rafael José , Wallace Dana , Waserman Susan , Zidarn Mihaela , Yorgancioglu Arzu , Zhang Luo , Chivato Tomas , Ollert Markus 
Published: April 2023

Biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up of patients with rhinitis and/or asthma are urgently needed. Although some biologic biomarkers exist in specialist care for asthma, they cannot be largely used in primary care. There are no validated biomarkers in rhinitis or allergen immunotherapy (AIT) that can be used in clinical practice. The digital transformation of health and health care (including mHealth) places the patient at the center of the health system and is likely to optimize the practice of allergy. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) developed a Task Force aimed at proposing patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) as digital biomarkers that can be easily used for different purposes in rhinitis and asthma. It first defined control digital biomarkers that should make a bridge between clinical practice, randomized controlled trials, observational real‐life studies and allergen challenges. Using the MASK‐air app as a model, a daily electronic combined symptom‐medication score for allergic diseases (CSMS) or for asthma (e‐DASTHMA), combined with a monthly control questionnaire, was embedded in a strategy similar to the diabetes approach for disease control. To mimic real‐life, it secondly proposed quality‐of‐life digital biomarkers including daily EQ‐5D visual analogue scales and the bi‐weekly RhinAsthma Patient Perspective (RAAP). The potential implications for the management of allergic respiratory diseases were proposed.