bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relations Between Body Fat Mass and Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese
Patients with Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Normal Glucose
Tolerance
Authors: Yang Xubin , Chen Xueyan , Xu Huan , Deng Hongrong , Yao Bin , Xu Wen , Lin Qiongyan
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body fat
mass and insulin resistance in non-obese patients with idiopathic
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and normal glucose tolerance. A total of 42
patients with IHH and normal glucose tolerance, and BMI lower than
28 kg/m2 were recruited. Patients were required
to have a normal glucose tolerance test for inclusion in the study. Ten Healthy
subjects were recruited as control group. Laboratory studies included fasting
insulin, testosterone, and lipids. Waist circumference (WC), weight, and body
fat mass were measured, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI),
HOMA-IR, and logHOMA-B were calculated. Data were compared between groups, and
linear regression was used to determine relations. Blood pressure, fasting
glucose, BMI, WHR, and lipids were similar between the groups. Fasting insulin
levels (15.61±7.66 mIU/l vs.
7.60±3.84 mIU/l), logHOMA-B (2.39±0.29 vs.
2.03±0.21), HOMA-IR (3.38±1.71 vs. 1.64±0.91), and body
fat mass (30.49±9.46% vs. 21.11±4.31%) were
significantly greater in the IHH group compared with those in control group (all
p<0.05). Multivariable linear regression showed that in IHH patients
body fat mass was an independent predictor of fasting insulin level
(β=0.71, p<0.01), logHOMA-B (β=0.02,
p<0.05), and HOMA-IR (β=0.14, p<0.05). Body fat
mass is an independent predictor of insulin resistance in non-obese IHH patients
with normal glucose tolerance.
An Unusual Clinical Presentation of Budd–Chiari Syndrome in an Adolescent Boy
Authors: Agrawal Shreyash , Pathania Garima , Mittal Richa , Mehndiratta Sumit , Singh Amitabh
Published: October 2022

We report an unusual case of massive splenomegaly with pancytopenia without ascites, which was referred to us with suspicion of a myeloproliferative disorder in an adolescent boy. The work-up done was noncontributory to a hematological disorder. On further work-up, liver biopsy depicted sinusoidal congestion, with Doppler study suggestive of nonvisualization of hepatic veins. There was hypertrophy of the right lobe and the presence of venovenous collaterals. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation was negative, which confirmed the absence of unidentified myeloproliferative disorder. This was an atypical presentation of Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) in children. The absence of ascites could be due to more efficient collateral formation in adolescent age groups due to angiogenesis. Underlying thrombophilia was detected as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation 677C > T with raised serum homocysteine levels. It is imperative to be aware of the diverse clinical manifestations in children for early detection and appropriate intervention to prevent catastrophic results in pediatric BCS.
Clinical Outcomes of Arthroscopic Ligament-Sparing Dorsal Capsulodesis for Partial Scapholunate Ligament Tear
Authors: Curran Matthew W. T. , Wieschollek Stefanie , Strauss Ruby , Manzanero Silvia , Hope Benjamin , Couzens Greg , Ross Mark
Published: October 2022

Introduction Various wrist arthroscopy techniques can be used in the management of scapholunate ligament (SLL) partial tears but their success has not been proven. Arthroscopic techniques including thermal shrinkage are becoming more popular in the management of partial SLL injuries. We hypothesized that arthroscopic ligament-sparing capsular tightening yields reliable and satisfactory results for the management of partial SLL tears.

Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on adult (age ≥18 years) patients with chronic partial SLL tears. All patients failed a trial of conservative management consisting of scapholunate strengthening exercises. Patients underwent an arthroscopic dorsal capsular tightening of the radiocarpal joint capsule radial to the origin of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament and proximal to the dorsal intercarpal ligament by either thermal shrinkage or dorsal capsule abrasion. Demographic data, radiological outcomes, patient-rated outcome measures and objective measures of wrist range of motion (ROM), and grip and pinch strength were recorded. Postoperative outcome scores were collected at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Data are reported as median and interquartile range, and comparisons were drawn between baseline and last follow-up. Clinical outcome data were analyzed using a linear mixed model method, while radiographic outcomes were assessed with nonparametric analysis with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance.

Results Twenty-three wrists (22 patients) underwent SLL treatment by thermal capsular shrinkage (19 wrists) or dorsal capsular abrasion (4 wrists). Median age at surgery was 41 years (range: 32–48) and median follow-up time was 12 months (range: 3–24). Pain significantly decreased from 62 (45–76) to 18 (7–41) and satisfaction significantly increased from 2 (0–24) to 86 (52–92). Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand significantly improved from 68 (38–78) to 34 (13–49) and from 48 (27–55) to 36 (4–58), respectively. Median grip and tip pinch strength significantly increased at final review. Range of movement and lateral pinch strength were satisfactory and maintained. Four patients required further surgery for ongoing pain or reinjury. All were successfully managed with partial wrist fusion or wrist denervation.

Conclusion Arthroscopic ligament-sparing dorsal capsular tightening is a safe and effective treatment for partial SLL tears. Dorsal capsular tightening demonstrates good pain relief and patient satisfaction while improving patient-reported outcomes, grip strength, and maintaining ROM. Longer term studies are required to determine the longevity of these results.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transcavernous Transoculomotor Triangle Approach for the Resection of a Knosp 4 Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Heng Lijun , Zhang Shuo , Zhao Lei , Qu Yan
Published: October 2022

Objectives The current video presents the nuances of the endoscopic endonasal transcavernous transoculomotor triangle approach for the resection of a Knosp 4 pituitary adenoma protruding through the superior wall of left cavernous sinus.

Design The video analyzes the clinical presentation, preoperative workup, and imaging, surgical steps and technical nuances of the surgery, the clinical outcome, and follow-up imaging.

Setting The patient was treated by a skull base team with bimanual, three- to four-handed endoscopic technique.

Participants The patient was a 54-year-old male with a Knosp 4 prolactinoma presented with headaches and blurred vision in both eyes for 3 weeks. He was managed with endoscopic surgery due to his preference of surgery as a rapid primary therapy to relieve mental stress of an invasive brain tumor after awareness of all therapeutic options, including the preoperative medical treatment.

Main Outcome Measures The main outcome was measured in the following aspects, including the resection extent, the symptoms improvement, the radiological and endocrinological follow-up results, as well as the postoperative course of complications.

Results Nearly gross total resection was achieved with one-stage endoscopic surgery. The patient recovered well with improved headaches. Postop oculomotor deficit was recovered in 2 months. Endocrinological remission was kept for 12 months with one pill of bromocriptine daily.

Conclusion The endoscopic endonasal transcavernous transoculomotor triangle approach is an appropriate option for resecting Knosp 4 pituitary tumors with intracranial extension through the roof of cavernous sinus at one stage.

The link to the video can be found at https://youtu.be/-YJ2PKP9voY.
Lagrange stability for asymptotic linear Duffing equations
Authors: Ma Zhichao , Xu Junxiang
Published: October 2022

In this paper, by Moser’s non-twist theorem, we prove the Lagrange stability of asymptotic linear Duffing equations under weaker nonlinear assumptions. Comparing with previous works, we avoid some assumptions, which are usually required to guarantee the twist condition.
Inferring neutron yields using indium activation samples for small fractions of tritium added to deuterium fuel in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments
Authors: Mangan M. A. , Ruiz C. L. , Cooper G. W. , Chandler G. A. , Ampleford D. J.
Published: October 2022

In inertial confinement fusion experiments, the neutron yield is an important metric for thermonuclear fusion performance. Neutron activation diagnostics can be used to infer neutron yields. The material used for neutron activation diagnostic undergoes a threshold reaction so that only neutrons having energies above the threshold energy are observed. For thermonuclear experiments using deuterium (D) and tritium (T) fuel constituents, neutrons arising from D + D reactions (DD-neutrons) and neutrons resulting from D + T reactions (DT-neutrons) are of primary interest. Indium has two neutron activation reactions that can be used to infer yields of DD-neutrons and DT-neutrons. One threshold is high enough that only DT-neutrons can induce activation, the second reaction can be activated by both DD-neutrons and DT-neutrons. Thus, to obtain the DD-neutron yield, the contribution made by DT-neutrons to the total induced activity must be extracted. In DD-fuel experiments, DT-neutrons arise from secondary reactions, which are significantly lower in number than primary DD-neutrons, and their contribution to the inferred DD-neutron yield can be ignored. When the DD- and DT-neutron yields become comparable, such as when low tritium fractions are added to DD-fuel, the contribution of DT-neutrons must be extracted to obtain accurate yields. A general method is described for this correction to DD-neutron yields.
Effect of variation in glancing angle deposition on resistive switching property of WO3 thin films for RRAM devices
Authors: Lamichhane Shiva , Sharma Savita , Tomar Monika , Chowdhuri Arijit
Published: October 2022

In this paper, nanostructured tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films are deposited using the RF-magnetron sputtering technique in Glancing Angle (GLAD) arrangement. Variation in the structural, morphological, optical, and resistive switching (RS) characteristics of nanostructured WO3 film is investigated as a function of GLAD angle (60°–80°). Electrical studies on nanostructured WO3 films deposited at room temperature are found to exhibit enhanced bipolar resistive-switching properties in metal–insulator–metal pattern [Au/WO3/ITO]. The RON/ROFF ratio between high and low resistance states was noted to be about 190 besides a minimum set voltage of ∼2.22 V in the case of the WO3 thin film deposited at the 70° glancing angle. A detailed current transport mechanism analysis indicates the existence of ohmic-behavior and trap-assisted space charge limited conduction as the governing mechanisms at the state of low and high applied bias, respectively. Good data-retention characteristics coupled with reproducible and fast RS capabilities obtained with Au/WO3/ITO device structure promise scope of rapid development in future RS-based novel memory device applications.
Rotational acoustofluidic fields induced by cross structures with asymmetric radiation surface arrangements
Authors: Tang Qiang , Tang Shuai , Liu Pengzhan , Gu Zhouzhi , Xu Zhaomei
Published: October 2022

In this study, a novel strategy to generate sophisticated acoustic streaming vortices, which would be available for rotational manipulation of micro-/nano-scale objects, is proposed and simulated. All structural units in the microfluidic chamber are symmetric in design, and all radiation surfaces have the same settings of input frequency, oscillation amplitude, and initial phase. Different kinds of asymmetric acoustofluidic patterns can be generated in the originally static microfluidic chamber only because of the asymmetric arrangement of multiple radiation surfaces in space. The calculation results of kaleidoscopic acoustofluidic fields together with particle movement trajectories induced by cross structures with different radiation surface distributions further demonstrate the versatile particle manipulation capabilities of these functional microfluidic devices. In comparison to the existing oscillation modulation method, which requires multiple radiation surfaces with different initial phases, acoustofluidic devices with a same initial phase of all radiation surfaces can significantly reduce the required number of auxiliary signal generators and power amplifiers. The proposed generation method of acoustofluidic patterns is promising for microfluidic mixing without rotating machinery, driving operation of microrobots, and rotational manipulation of biological samples.
Patterns of convection and distribution of binary particles under vibration and airflow
Authors: Li Li , Wu Ping , Wang Li , Zhang Shiping , Xie Zi-ang
Published: October 2022

Granular matter exists widely in nature and engineering practice and exhibits abundant and complex phenomena of convection and separation. Here, we focus on the pattern of convection and distribution of binary particles under vibration and airflow. Various patterns of convection and distribution were observed. It is found that the convection of binary particles shows four patterns that are similar, but not identical to those in the mono-component granular system. The same pattern of particle convection is often obtained with different particle distribution patterns in different cases of vibration and airflow, and one of distribution patterns tends to appear with the same convection pattern. The pattern of particle convection has an important influence on the pattern of particle distribution. These findings are expected to have implications for a basic understanding of the convection and separation phenomena of granular material.
Enhancement of visible light detection for indium–gallium–zinc oxide-based transparent phototransistor via application of porous-structured polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Yoo Hyukjoon , Kwak Kyungmoon , Lee I. Sak , Kim Dongwoo , Park Kyungho , Kim Min Seong , Han Jae Seong , Lee Sujin , Kim Tae Sang , Lim Jun Hyung , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a transparent phototransistor with improved visible light detection by applying sub gap states engineering and a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer on the indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film is introduced. The porous PTFE film was sputtered with the selective etching process through an oxygen plasma process after removing nickel nanoparticles dispersed by a magnetic field with a liftoff process. The photoresponse characteristics of porous PTFE/IGZO (PPI) phototransistors were tested with various thicknesses of PTFE (15–75; 15 nm steps). The PPI phototransistor with the PTFE thickness of 30 nm showed the highest photoresponse properties. Although the measured optical bandgap energy of the IGZO film was 3.87 eV, the PPI phototransistors could detect visible light due to the trap-assisted electron/hole pair generation by the sub gap states of the IGZO film induced by plasma damage during PTFE deposition. In addition, it was possible to maximize the efficiency of detecting visible light by capturing and scattering light with the porous structure of PTFE. The PPI phototransistors had a photoresponsivity of 73.45 ± 16.14 A/W, photosensitivity of (1.60 ± 0.57) × 106, and detectivity of (2.62 ± 2.37) × 1010 Jones under illumination by red light with a wavelength of 635 nm and an intensity of 10 mW/mm2.
Behavior of anchor cable bolts with c-shaped tube and cable bolts in shear test
Authors: Shan Renliang , Tong Xiao , Liu Nan , Zhao Yan , Liu Dong , Li Zhaolong
Published: October 2022

The gradual development of coal mining in deep areas has brought new challenges to the surrounding rock support system. It is imperative to design surrounding rock support elements that exhibit strong tensile and shear resistance and are suitable for pretension load. In this paper, an anchor cable bolt with a c-shaped tube (ACC) is proposed, and in order to study the shear performance of the ACC, the mechanical properties of the ACC and ordinary cable bolts with various diameters and pretension loads are tested. In addition, a comparative analysis is performed to investigate the effect of diameter and pretension load on the shear strength of the ACC and cable bolts. The results show that compared with ordinary cable bolts, the ACC exhibits better shear resistance, where its ability to withstand transverse shear load and shear deformation increased by more than 26.8% and 7.0%, respectively. The diameter and pretension load of the bolt significantly affect its shear performance. The larger the diameter of the bolt, the greater the peak shear load. By increasing the pretension load, the shear load and shear displacement at the peak shear load decrease. The failure of the ACC and ordinary cable bolt is mainly due to a combination of shear and tensile failures. In addition, the action mechanism of the ACC is preliminarily explored, and it provides some references for clarifying the mechanical properties of the ACC.
Cellular context alters EGF-induced ERK dynamics and reveals potential crosstalk with GDF-15
Authors: Krause Harris B. , Karls Alexis L. , McClean Megan N. , Kreeger Pamela K.
Published: October 2022

Cellular signaling dynamics are sensitive to differences in ligand identity, levels, and temporal patterns. These signaling patterns are also impacted by the larger context that the cell experiences (i.e., stimuli such as media formulation or substrate stiffness that are constant in an experiment exploring a particular variable but may differ between independent experiments which explore that variable) although the reason for different dynamics is not always obvious. Here, we compared extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in response to epidermal growth factor treatment of human mammary epithelial cells cultures in either well culture or a microfluidic device. Using a single-cell ERK kinase translocation reporter, we observed extended ERK activation in well culture and only transient activity in microfluidic culture. The activity in microfluidic culture resembled that of the control condition, suggesting that shear stress led to the early activity and a loss of autocrine factors dampened extended signaling. Through experimental analysis we identified growth differentiation factor-15 as a candidate factor that led to extended ERK activation through a protein kinase C-α/β dependent pathway. Our results demonstrate that context impacts ERK dynamics and that comparison of distinct contexts can be used to elucidate new aspects of the cell signaling network.
Threshold target thickness in high-contrast laser-driven ion acceleration
Authors: Lécz Zs. , Singh P. K. , Ter-Avetisyan S.
Published: October 2022

The experiments have revealed a “threshold” target thickness for proton acceleration by a femtosecond petawatt class laser above which the forward accelerated proton energy weakly depends on the target thickness, while for thinner targets, it gradually decreases. For targets thicker than the threshold, the pre-pulse-induced preplasma at the target front can boost ion acceleration by increasing laser absorption, while this is ineffective for thinner targets due to prepulse-induced plasma formation at the target rear. This dual nature of the preplasma is described analytically, and particle-in-cell simulations confirm this concept. A linear dependence of threshold target thickness on the prepulse intensity is predicted.
Scaling patch analysis of planar turbulent mixing layers
Authors: Wei Tie , Li Zhaorui , Livescu Daniel
Published: October 2022

Proper scales for the mean flow and Reynolds shear stress in planar turbulent mixing layers are determined from a scaling patch analysis of the mean continuity and momentum equations. By seeking an admissible scaling of the mean continuity equation, a proper scale for the mean transverse flow is determined as Vref=(dδ/dx)Uref, where dδ/dx is the growth rate of the mixing layer width and Uref=Uh−Ul is the difference between the velocity of the high speed stream Uh and the velocity of the low speed stream Ul. By seeking an admissible scaling for the mean momentum equation, a proper scale for the kinematic Reynolds shear stress is determined as Ruv,ref=UavgVref=[12Audδdx]Uref2, where Au=def(Uh−Ul)/(Uh+Ul) is the normalized velocity difference that emerges naturally in the admissible scaling of the mean momentum equation. Self-similar equations for the scaled mean transverse flow V* and Reynolds shear stress Ruv*=Ruv/Ruv,ref are derived from the mean continuity and mean momentum equations. Approximate equations for V* and Ruv* are developed and found to agree well with experimental data.
Resolving the odd–even oscillation of water dissociation at rutile TiO2(110)–water interface by machine learning accelerated molecular dynamics
Authors: Zhuang Yong-Bin , Bi Rui-Hao , Cheng Jun
Published: October 2022

Aqueous rutile TiO2(110) is the most widely studied water–oxide interface, and yet questions about water dissociation are still controversial. Theoretical studies have systematically investigated the influence of the slab thickness on water dissociation energy (Ediss) at 1 monolayer coverage using static density functional theory calculation and found that Ediss exhibits odd–even oscillation with respect to the TiO2 slab thickness. However, less studies have accounted for the full solvation of an aqueous phase using ab initio molecular dynamics due to high computational costs in which only three, four, and five trilayer models of rutile(110)–water interfaces have been simulated. Here, we report Machine Learning accelerated Molecular Dynamics (MLMD) simulations of defect-free rutile(110)–water interfaces, which allows for a systematic study of the slab thickness ranging from 3 to 17 trilayers with much lower costs while keeping ab initio accuracy. Our MLMD simulations show that the dissociation degree of surface water (α) oscillates with the slab thickness and converges to ∼2% as the TiO2 slab becomes thicker. Converting α into dissociation free energy (ΔAdiss) and comparing with dissociation total energy Ediss calculated with a single monolayer of water, we find that the full solvation of the interfaces suppresses surface water from dissociating. It is interesting to note that the machine learning potential trained from the dataset containing exclusively the five trilayer TiO2 model exhibits excellent transferability to other slab thicknesses and further captures the oscillating behavior of surface water dissociation. Detailed analyses indicate that the central plane in odd trilayer slabs modulates the interaction between double trilayers and, thus, the bonding strength between terminal Ti and water, which affects pKa of surface water and water dissociation degree.
Viruses direct carbon cycling in lake sediments under global change
Authors: Braga Lucas P. P. , Orland Chloé , Emilson Erik J. S. , Fitch Amelia A. , Osterholz Helena , Dittmar Thorsten , Basiliko Nathan , Mykytczuk Nadia C. S. , Tanentzap Andrew J.
Published: October 2022

Global change is altering the vast amount of carbon cycled by microbes between land and freshwater, but how viruses mediate this process is poorly understood. Here, we show that viruses direct carbon cycling in lake sediments, and these impacts intensify with future changes in water clarity and terrestrial organic matter (tOM) inputs. Using experimental tOM gradients within sediments of a clear and a dark boreal lake, we identified 156 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), of which 21% strongly increased with abundances of key bacteria and archaea, identified via metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). MAGs included the most abundant prokaryotes, which were themselves associated with dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. Increased abundances of virus-like particles were separately associated with reduced bacterial metabolism and with shifts in DOM toward amino sugars, likely released by cell lysis rather than higher molecular mass compounds accumulating from reduced tOM degradation. An additional 9.6% of vOTUs harbored auxiliary metabolic genes associated with DOM and GHGs. Taken together, these different effects on host dynamics and metabolism can explain why abundances of vOTUs rather than MAGs were better overall predictors of carbon cycling. Future increases in tOM quantity, but not quality, will change viral composition and function with consequences for DOM pools. Given their importance, viruses must now be explicitly considered in efforts to understand and predict the freshwater carbon cycle and its future under global environmental change.
Integrin-based adhesion compartmentalizes ALK3 of the BMPRII to control cell adhesion and migration
Authors: Guevara-Garcia Amaris , Fourel Laure , Bourrin-Reynard Ingrid , Sales Adria , Oddou Christiane , Pezet Mylène , Rossier Olivier , Machillot Paul , Chaar Line , Bouin Anne-Pascale , Giannone Gregory , Destaing Olivier , Picart Catherine , Albiges-Rizo Corinne
Published: October 2022

The spatial organization of cell-surface receptors is fundamental for the coordination of biological responses to physical and biochemical cues of the extracellular matrix. How serine/threonine kinase receptors, ALK3-BMPRII, cooperate with integrins upon BMP2 to drive cell migration is unknown. Whether the dynamics between integrins and BMP receptors intertwine in space and time to guide adhesive processes is yet to be elucidated. We found that BMP2 stimulation controls the spatial organization of BMPRs by segregating ALK3 from BMPRII into β3 integrin-containing focal adhesions. The selective recruitment of ALK3 to focal adhesions requires β3 integrin engagement and ALK3 activation. BMP2 controls the partitioning of immobilized ALK3 within and outside focal adhesions according to single-protein tracking and super-resolution imaging. The spatial control of ALK3 in focal adhesions by optogenetics indicates that ALK3 acts as an adhesive receptor by eliciting cell spreading required for cell migration. ALK3 segregation from BMPRII in integrin-based adhesions is a key aspect of the spatio-temporal control of BMPR signaling.
Estimating the maximum visual intensity of a nuclear fireball
Authors: Reed B Cameron
Published: October 2022

An approximate expression for the visual intensity of the fireball of a nuclear explosion in comparison with the Sun is derived. Results are shown for some warheads of historic and current interest.
An analytical, numerical and experimental study of the double pendulum
Authors: D’Alessio Serge
Published: October 2022

This investigation takes advantage of the complicated behavior of the double pendulum to highlight some well known techniques that can be used to better understand the dynamics and solutions emerging from this rich problem. Analytical and numerical methods are successfully applied and contrasted to illustrate their usefulness and limitations. This blended analytical-numerical approach to tackling this problem can be an effective resource to physics teachers. The paper should be accessible to upper-year undergraduate physics and mathematics students. Supplemental materials accompanying this work include a MATLAB program to solve the equations of motion and an experimental video; they are included to assist both students and teachers.
Quadripartite EPR steering based on energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing processes
Authors: Zhai Shuqin , Zhang Nana , Liu Kui
Published: October 2022

Multipartite quantum steering has important applications in secure quantum communication networks. In this work, three different energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) processes are proposed to generate quadripartite quantum steering. The covariance matrix among different modes combination is constructed. The properties of quantum steering of the three cascaded models were studied. The results show that all three model structures can achieve various types of quantum steering, and the steerability varies with the amplitude gain of the FWM processes. The results provide a theoretical basis for the experimental generation of multipartite quantum steering and a significant reference for secure quantum communication.
Electronic and optical properties of InAs/InAs0.625Sb0.375 superlattices and their application for far-infrared detectors
Authors: Hussain Ghulam , Cuono Giuseppe , Islam Rajibul , Trajnerowicz Artur , Jureńczyk Jarosław , Autieri Carmine , Dietl Tomasz
Published: October 2022

We calculate the electronic and optical properties of InAs/InAs0.625Sb0.375 superlattices (SLs) within relativistic density functional theory. To have a good description of the electronic and optical properties, the modified Becke–Johnson exchange-correlation functional is employed to describe the band gaps correctly. First, we analyze the electronic and optical characteristics of bulk InAs and InSb, and then we investigate the InAs/InAs0.625Sb0.375 SL. The optical gaps deduced from the imaginary part of the dielectric function are associated with the characteristic interband transitions. We investigate the electronic and optical properties of the InAs/InAs0.625Sb0.375 SL with three lattice constants of the bulk InAs, GaSb and AlSb, respectively. It is observed that the electronic and optical properties strongly depend on the lattice constant. Our results support the presence of two heavy-hole bands with increasing in-plane effective mass as we go far from the Fermi level. We notice a considerable decrease in the energy gaps and the effective masses of the heavy-holes in the k

x
–k

y
plane compared to the bulk phases of the parent compounds. We demonstrate that the electrons are s-orbitals delocalized in the entire SL, while the holes have mainly p-Sb character localized in the In(As,Sb) side of the SL. In the SL, the low-frequency absorption spectra greatly increase when the electric field is polarized orthogonal to the growth axis allowing the applicability of III–V compounds for the long-wavelength infrared detectors.
Automated calibration system for length measurement of lateral cephalometry based on deep learning
Authors: Jiang Fulin , Guo Yutong , Zhou Yimei , Yang Cai , Xing Ke , Zhou Jiawei , Lin Yucheng , Cheng Fangyuan , Li Juan
Published: October 2022

Objective. Cephalometric analysis has been significantly facilitated by artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years. For digital cephalograms, linear measurements are conducted based on the length calibration process, which has not been automatized in current AI-based systems. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an automated calibration system for lateral cephalometry to conduct linear measurements more efficiently. Approach. This system was based on deep learning algorithms and medical priors of a stable structure, the anterior cranial base (Sella–Nasion). First, a two-stage cascade convolutional neural network was constructed based on 2860 cephalograms to locate sella, nasion, and 2 ruler points in regions of interest. Further, Sella–Nasion distance was applied to estimate the distance between ruler points, and then pixels size of cephalograms was attained for linear measurements. The accuracy of automated landmark localization, ruler length prediction, and linear measurement based on automated calibration was evaluated with statistical analysis. Main results. First, for AI-located points, 99.6% of S and 86% of N points deviated less than 2 mm from the ground truth, and 99% of ruler points deviated less than 0.3 mm from the ground truth. Also, this system correctly predicted the ruler length of 98.95% of samples. Based on automated calibration, 11 linear cephalometric measurements of the test set showed no difference from manual calibration (p > 0.05). Significance. This system was the first reported in the literature to conduct automated calibration with high accuracy and showed high potential for clinical application in cephalometric analysis.
Study of nonmonotonic electron mobility due to influence of asymmetric structure parameters in pseudomorphic heterojunction field effect transistors
Authors: Panda Sangita R , Pradhan Manoranjan , Sahu Trinath , Panda Ajit Kumar
Published: October 2022

Nonmonotonic electron mobility is obtained in InxGa1-xAs/GaAs double quantum well pseudomorphic heterostructure field effect transistor by changing the structure parameters. We show that a rapid drop in mobility occurs at the point of resonance of sub-band states due to asymmetric variation of doping concentrations. The sub-band wave function distributions change significantly near the resonance and influence the sub-band mobilities through the scattering potentials, there by causing the dip in μ. The depth of nonlinearity in μ enhances by increasing the central barrier width and the difference between the well widths. On the other hand, variation of μ as a function of asymmetric change of well widths leads to a hump like raise in μ under unequal doping concentrations. Our results of nonlinear mobility can be utilized in low temperature transistor applications.
Partial source separation from unknown correlation mixture for eliminating unknown periodic disturbances from random measured signals
Authors: Ying Zu-Guang , Ni Yi-Qing
Published: October 2022

Separating and eliminating periodic disturbances from measured signals are a key problem to obtain original responses used for further system identification and evaluation. Actual periodic disturbances are partial unknown sources in measured signals and have certain correlation with random noise sources in time domain. In this paper, a separation problem on partial unknown sources such as periodic sources correlated with random noises is introduced. A partial unknown source separation technique is proposed by combining signal eigenspace transformation, covariance joint diagonalization and decorrelation of correlation sources. The partial source separation procedure has two main stages: obtain uncorrelated sources by eigenspace transformation and joint diagonalization; and obtain partial periodic sources correlated with random noises from the uncorrelated sources by decorrelation. The proposed partial source separation technique is supported by several theorems. Under given assumptions, the separation technique will result in accurate partial sources. The separation technique has main features such as partial unknown sources separated from measured signals, separated periodic sources correlated with random noise sources, and being suitable for dominant random noises and non-dominant periodic disturbance sources in measured signals. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the separation technique.
Massive neutrino self-interactions and inflation
Authors: Roy Choudhury Shouvik , Hannestad Steen , Tram Thomas
Published: October 2022

Certain inflationary models like Natural inflation (NI) and Coleman-Weinberg inflation (CWI) are disfavoured by cosmological data in the standard ΛCDM+rmodel (whereris the scalar-to-tensor ratio), as these inflationary models predict the regions in thens-rparameter space that are excluded by the cosmological data at more than 2σ(herensis the scalar spectral index). The same is true for single field inflationary models with an inflection point that can account for all or majority of dark matter in the form of PBHs (primordial black holes). Cosmological models incorporating strongly self-interacting neutrinos (with a heavy mediator) are, however, known to prefer lowernsvalues compared to the ΛCDM model. Considering such neutrino self-interactions can, thus, open up the parameter space to accommodate the above inflationary models. In this work, we implement the massive neutrino self-interactions with a heavy mediator in two different ways: flavour-universal (among all three neutrinos), and flavour-specific (involving only one neutrino species). We implement the new interaction in both scalar and tensor perturbation equations of neutrinos. Interestingly, we find that the current cosmological data can support the aforementioned inflationary models at 2σin the presence of such neutrino self-interactions.
Galaxy number-count dipole and superhorizon fluctuations
Authors: Domènech Guillem , Mohayaee Roya , Patil Subodh P. , Sarkar Subir
Published: October 2022

In view of the growing tension between the dipole anisotropy of number counts of cosmologically distant sources and of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), we investigate the number count dipole induced by primordial perturbations with wavelength comparable to or exceeding the Hubble radius today. First, we find that neither adiabatic nor isocurvature superhorizon modes can generate an intrinsic number count dipole. However a superhorizon isocurvature mode does induce a relative velocity between the CMB and the (dark) matter rest frames and thereby affects the CMB dipole. We revisit the possibility that it has an intrinsic component due to such a mode, thus enabling consistency with the galaxy number count dipole if the latter is actually kinematic in origin. Although this scenario is not particularly natural, there are possible links with other anomalies and it predicts a concommitant galaxy number count quadrupole which may be measurable in future surveys. We also investigate the number count dipole induced by modes smaller than the Hubble radius, finding that subject to CMB constraints this is too small to reconcile the dipole tension.
Broadband all-dielectric absorber based on supercell cylindrical metamaterials
Authors: Zhou Pengwei , Huang Wenkang , Dong Yanyan , Li Chenxia
Published: October 2022

Based on the cylindrical array microstructure of doped silicon, we propose an all-dielectric terahertz-band broadband absorber. First, we design an absorber with a cylindrical structure in a unit cell. Due to the electromagnetic dipole resonance characteristics, the absorber has an absorption efficiency of over 99.97% at a single frequency of 1.24 THz. In order to obtain wide-bandwidth angular absorption characteristics, we propose a kind of superstructure absorber with a single unit cell containing multiple cylinders with different diameters. The results show that the optimally designed absorber has wide-bandwidth angular absorption characteristics under different polarization states and different incident angles of terahertz waves. In order to further improve the absorption bandwidth, we propose a superimposed superstructure absorber. After optimized design, the absorption efficiency reaches more than 90% in the broadband frequency range of 1.42 THz–4.5 THz. At the same time, different structural parameters have different effects on the peak absorption efficiency.
Tolerance-enhanced SU(1,1) interferometers using asymmetric gain
Authors: Zhang Jian-Dong , Wang Shuai
Published: October 2022

SU(1,1) interferometers play an important role in quantum metrology. Previous studies focus on various inputs and detection strategies with symmetric gain. In this paper, we analyze a modified SU(1,1) interferometer using asymmetric gain. Two vacuum states are used as the input and on–off detection is performed at the output. In a lossless scenario, symmetric gain is the optimal selection and the corresponding phase sensitivity can achieve the Heisenberg limit as well as the quantum Cramer–Rao bound. In addition, we analyze the phase sensitivity with symmetric gain in the lossy scenario. The phase sensitivity is sensitive to internal losses but extremely robust against external losses. We address the optimal asymmetric gain and the results suggest that this method can improve the tolerance to internal losses. Our work may contribute to the practical development of quantum metrology.
A probability theory for filtered ghost imaging
Authors: Liu Zhong-Yuan , Meng Shao-Ying , Chen Xi-Hao
Published: October 2022

Based on probability density functions, we present a theoretical model to explain filtered ghost imaging (FGI) we first proposed and experimentally demonstrated in 2017 [Opt. Lett.
42 5290 (2017)]. An analytic expression for the joint intensity probability density functions of filtered random speckle fields is derived according to their probability distributions. Moreover, the normalized second-order intensity correlation functions are calculated for the three cases of low-pass, bandpass and high-pass filterings to study the resolution and visibility in the FGI system. Numerical simulations show that the resolution and visibility predicted by our model agree well with the experimental results, which also explains why FGI can achieve a super-resolution image and better visibility than traditional ghost imaging.
Exact surface energy and elementary excitations of the XXX spin-1/2 chain with arbitrary non-diagonal boundary fields
Authors: Dong Jia-Sheng , Lu Pengcheng , Sun Pei , Qiao Yi , Cao Junpeng , Hao Kun , Yang Wen-Li
Published: October 2022

We study the physical properties of the XXX spin-1/2 chain with arbitrary non-diagonal boundary fields. By using a combination of numerical analysis and analytical method, we obtain the surface energy and elementary excitations of the model. It shows that the contributions of the two boundary fields to the surface energy are additive. We also find that there exists a kind of excitations related to the boundary string.
Mode characteristics of VCSELs with different shape and size oxidation apertures
Authors: Xie Xin-Yu , Li Jian , Qiu Xiao-Lang , Wang Yong-Li , Li Chuan-Chuan , Wei Xin
Published: October 2022

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSELs) as the ideal light source for rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) atomic clocks is analyzed for its mode and polarization control. We fabricated three kinds of shapes: triangular, elliptic, and circular oxidation apertures which also have different sizes. We formed three different shape oxide apertures by wet-oxidation with 36 μm–39 μm circular mesa. Our results show that triangular oxidized-VCSEL has the advantages of mode and polarization selection over elliptic and circular oxide apertures. When triangular oxide-confined VCSELs emit in single mode, the measured side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is larger than 20 dB and orthogonal polarization suppression ratio achieves 10 dB. Resonant blueshift of VCSELs with triangular and elliptic apertures is observed with the decrease of aperture size.
Neural correlates of learning in a linear discriminant analysis brain-computer interface paradigm
Authors: Lo Yu Tung , Premchand Brian , Libedinsky Camilo , so Rosa Qi Yue
Published: October 2022

Objective. With practice, the control of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) would improve over time; the neural correlate for such learning had not been well studied. We demonstrated here that monkeys controlling a motor BCI using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) decoder could learn to make the firing patterns of the recorded neurons more distinct over a short period of time for different output classes to improve task performance. Approach. Using an LDA decoder, we studied two Macaque monkeys implanted with microelectrode arrays as they controlled the movement of a mobile robotic platform. The LDA decoder mapped high-dimensional neuronal firing patterns linearly onto a lower-dimensional linear discriminant (LD) space, and we studied the changes in the spatial coordinates of these neural signals in the LD space over time, and their correspondence to trial performance. Direction selectivity was quantified with permutation feature importance (FI). Main results. We observed that, within individual sessions, there was a tendency for the points in the LD space encoding different directions to diverge, leading to fewer misclassification errors, and, hence, improvement in task accuracy. Accuracy was correlated with the presence of channels with strong directional preference (i.e. high FI), as well as a varied population code (i.e. high variance in FI distribution). Significance. We emphasized the importance of studying the short-term/intra-sessional variations in neural representations during the use of BCI. Over the course of individual sessions, both monkeys could modulate their neural activities to create increasingly distinct neural representations.
Deep transfer learning compared to subject-specific models for sEMG decoders
Authors: Lehmler Stephan Johann , Saif-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Tobias Glasmachers , Iossifidis Ioannis
Published: October 2022

Objective. Accurate decoding of surface electromyography (sEMG) is pivotal for muscle-to-machine-interfaces and their application e.g. rehabilitation therapy. sEMG signals have high inter-subject variability, due to various factors, including skin thickness, body fat percentage, and electrode placement. Deep learning algorithms require long training time and tend to overfit if only few samples are available. In this study, we aim to investigate methods to calibrate deep learning models to a new user when only a limited amount of training data is available. Approach. Two methods are commonly used in the literature, subject-specific modeling and transfer learning. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of transfer learning using weight initialization for recalibration of two different pretrained deep learning models on new subjects data and compare their performance to subject-specific models. We evaluate two models on three publicly available databases (non invasive adaptive prosthetics database 2–4) and compare the performance of both calibration schemes in terms of accuracy, required training data, and calibration time. Main results. On average over all settings, our transfer learning approach improves 5%-points on the pretrained models without fine-tuning, and 12%-points on the subject-specific models, while being trained for 22% fewer epochs on average. Our results indicate that transfer learning enables faster learning on fewer training samples than user-specific models. Significance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparison of subject-specific modeling and transfer learning. These approaches are ubiquitously used in the field of sEMG decoding. But the lack of comparative studies until now made it difficult for scientists to assess appropriate calibration schemes. Our results guide engineers evaluating similar use cases.
CEPC cost model study and circumference optimization
Authors: Wang D. , Gao J. , Ruan M.Q. , Li Y.H. , Xu H.C. , Liu Y.D. , Li M. , Zhang Y. , Wang Y.W. , Zhai J.Y. , Zhou Z.S.
Published: October 2022

The CEPC is a proposed high luminosity Higgs/Z factory, with
the potential to be upgraded to top factory at center-of-mass energy
of 360 GeV. We perform an optimization study on the circumference
of CEPC. We calculate the instant luminosity, the construction and
operation cost for different circumferences. With respect to the
total cost and average cost per particle, we conclude that the
optimal circumference for the CEPC Higgs operation is 80 km. Taking
into account of the Z pole operation, the potential high-energy
upgrade of CEPC (top factory), the optimal circumference increased
to 100 km. The long future proton-proton upgrade of CEPC (SPPC)
also favors a larger circumference, and we conclude that 100 km is
the global optimized circumference for this facility.