bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assimilation of phytin by ruminants
Authors: Dias R.S. , Alves D.C. , Roque A.P. , Vitti D.M.S.S.
Published: May 2022

It has long been known that a large part of organic phosphorus of cereals which are the principal constituents of concentrate mixtures usually fed to ruminants occurs in the form of phytic acid (inositolhexaphosphoric acid) or phytin (salt of phytic acid). It is also well known that in ruminants hydrolysis of dietary phytate occurs by action of phytase produced by rumen microorganisms, which renders phosphorus completely available for these animals. However some authors found that availability of phosphorus in phytate may be affected by other dietary constituents or by some features of the diet. The aim of this study was to study assimilation of phytate by ruminants and to ascertain if this form of phosphorus can be used as a good source of this mineral for ruminants.
Risk Factors for Suicide Attempt During Outpatient Care in Adolescents With Severe and Complex Depression
Authors: van Velzen Laura S. , Toenders Yara J. , Kottaram Akhil , Youzchalveen Belinsha , Pilkington Vita , Cotton Sue M. , Brooker Abi , McKechnie Ben , Rice Simon , Schmaal Lianne
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Background: Young people receiving tertiary mental health care are at elevated risk for suicidal behavior, and understanding which individuals are at increased risk during care is important for treatment and suicide prevention. Aim: We aimed to retrospectively identify risk factors for attempted suicide during outpatient care and predict which young people did or did not attempt during care. Method: Penalized logistic regression analysis was performed in a small high-risk sample of 84 young people receiving care at Orygen’s Youth Mood Clinic (age: 14–25 years, 51% female) to predict suicide attempt during care (N = 16). Results: Prediction of suicide attempt during care was only moderately accurate (Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve range 0.71; sensitivity 0.57) using a combination of sociodemographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables. The features that best discriminated both groups included suicidal ideation during care, history of suicide attempt prior to care, changes in appetite reported on the PHQ-9, history of parental separation, and parental mental illness. Limitation: Replication of findings in an independent validation sample is needed. Conclusion: While prediction of suicide attempt during care was only moderately successful, we were able to identify individual risk factors for suicidal behavior during care in a high-risk sample.
Whither Winter: The Altered Role of Winter for Freshwaters as the Climate Changes
Authors: Cotner James B. , Powers Stephen M. , Sadro Steven , McKnight Diane
Published: May 2022

Our changing climate is having effects on freshwater ecosystems in all seasons, especially winter. High latitude lakes, wetlands, and rivers are experiencing shorter periods of ice cover, and lower latitudes systems that used to freeze are experiencing open water conditions throughout the winter. A 2019 AGU Chapman conference convened aquatic scientists to examine these changes and address the implications of changing winters to aquatic life, chemistry, and physics. Several studies demonstrate decreased ice cover duration than in the past. The removal of an ice “lid” from lakes and rivers impacts the exchange of gases with the atmosphere and the predominant types of metabolism occurring in the waters below, with the potential for more photosynthesis and an increase in oxic versus anoxic metabolism when the lid is removed. Multiple studies indicated an increase in the interannual variability of winters, especially in terms of ice‐cover duration and ice quality. Increased variability may simply be an outcome of a more variable winter climate or small differences in environmental conditions such as temperature that can have strong effects on gas exchange, light transmission, and turbulence when ice forms. A question that merits further consideration is whether and how winters of shorter duration and severity will change the dynamics of freshwater systems. Are there memory or legacy effects that carry over to the next season or year? There is much work to be done to understand how changing winters will impact the biogeochemical behavior of lakes and rivers in the coming decades.
Tim-3+ decidual Mφs induced Th2 and Treg bias in decidual CD4+T cells and promoted pregnancy maintenance via CD132
Authors: Li Mengdie , Sun Fengrun , Xu Yuanyuan , Chen Lanting , Chen Chunqin , Cui Liyuan , Qian Jinfeng , Li Dajin , Wang Songcun , Du Meirong
Published: May 2022

T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) plays roles in the functional regulation of both adaptive and innate immune cells and is greatly involved in many diseases. However, the precise roles of Tim-3 on macrophages (Mφs) in pregnancy remain unstated. In the current study, we found the higher frequency of Tim-3+ decidual Mφs (dMφs) in response to trophoblasts. The reduced abundance of Tim-3 on Mφs was accompanied by disordered anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles in miscarriage. Adoptive transfer of Tim-3+Mφs, but not Tim-3−Mφs, relieved murine embryo absorption induced by Mφ depletion. Our flow cytometry results and the extensive microarray analysis confirmed that Tim-3+ and Tim-3−dMφs were neither precisely pro-inflammatory (M1) nor anti-inflammatory (M2) Mφs. However, with higher CD132 expression, Tim-3+dMφs subset induced Th2 and Treg bias in decidual CD4+T cells and promoted pregnancy maintenance. Blockade of Tim-3 or CD132 pathways leaded to the dysfunction of maternal-fetal tolerance and increased fetal loss. These findings underscored the important roles of Tim-3 in regulating dMφ function and maintaining normal pregnancy, and suggested that Tim-3 on Mφs is a potential biomarker for diagnosis of miscarriage. Our study also emphasized the importance of careful consideration of reproductive safety when choosing immune checkpoint blockade therapies in real world clinical care. Though IL-4 treated Tim-3−Mφs could rescue the fetal resorption induced by Mφ depletion, whether IL-4 represent novel therapeutic strategy to prevent pregnancy loss induced by checkpoint inhibition still needs further research.
22 years of satellite imagery reveal a major destabilization structure at Piton de la Fournaise
Authors: Dumont Quentin , Cayol Valérie , Froger Jean-Luc , Peltier Aline
Published: May 2022

Volcanic activity can induce flank failure, sometimes generating large earthquakes and tsunamis. However, the failure structures have never been fully characterized and the failure mechanism is still debated. Magmatic activity is a possible trigger, either through fault slip, which might be induced by dyke intrusions, or through sill intrusions, which might be undergoing coeval normal displacements and slip. At the Piton de la Fournaise volcano, satellite imagery combined with inverse modeling highlights the pathways of 57 magmatic intrusions that took place between 1998 and 2020. We show that a major arcuate dyke intrusion zone is connected at depth to a sill intrusion zone, which becomes a fault zone towards the sea, forming a spoon-shaped structure. Some sills are affected by coeval normal displacement and seaward slip. Overall, the structure is characterized by a continuum of displacement from no slip, to sheared sills and finally pure slip. Repeated intrusions into this spoon-shaped structure could trigger catastrophic collapses.
Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 forms photobodies with TCP22 under blue light and regulates the circadian clock
Authors: Mo Weiliang , Zhang Junchuan , Zhang Li , Yang Zhenming , Yang Liang , Yao Nan , Xiao Yong , Li Tianhong , Li Yaxing , Zhang Guangmei , Bian Mingdi , Du Xinglin , Zuo Zecheng
Published: May 2022

Cryptochromes are blue light receptors that regulate plant growth and development. They also act as the core components of the central clock oscillator in animals. Although plant cryptochromes have been reported to regulate the circadian clock in blue light, how they do so is unclear. Here we show that Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) forms photobodies with the TCP22 transcription factor in response to blue light in plant cells. We provide evidence that PPK kinases influence the characteristics of these photobodies and that together these components, along with LWD transcriptional regulators, can positively regulate the expression of CCA1 encoding a central component of the circadian oscillator.
Runx1 and Runx2 inhibit fibrotic conversion of cellular niches for hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Omatsu Yoshiki , Aiba Shota , Maeta Tomonori , Higaki Kei , Aoki Kazunari , Watanabe Hitomi , Kondoh Gen , Nishimura Riko , Takeda Shu , Chung Ung-il , Nagasawa Takashi
Published: May 2022

In bone marrow, special microenvironments, known as niches, are essential for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). A population of mesenchymal stem cells, termed CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)-abundant reticular (CAR) cells or leptin receptor-expressing cells are the major cellular component of HSC niches. The molecular regulation of HSC niche properties is not fully understood. The role of Runx transcription factors, Runx1 and Runx2 in HSC cellular niches remains unclear. Here we show that Runx1 is predominantly expressed in CAR cells and that mice lacking both Runx1 and Runx2 in CAR cells display an increase in fibrosis and bone formation with markedly reduced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in bone marrow. In vitro, Runx1 is induced by the transcription factor Foxc1 and decreases fibrotic gene expression in CAR cells. Thus, HSC cellular niches require Runx1 or Runx2 to prevent their fibrotic conversion and maintain HSCs and hematopoiesis in adults.
Skilful decadal-scale prediction of fish habitat and distribution shifts
Authors: Payne Mark R. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Keenlyside Noel , Matei Daniela , Miesner Anna K. , Yang Shuting , Yeager Stephen G.
Published: May 2022

Many fish and marine organisms are responding to our planet’s changing climate by shifting their distribution. Such shifts can drive international conflicts and are highly problematic for the communities and businesses that depend on these living marine resources. Advances in climate prediction mean that in some regions the drivers of these shifts can be forecast up to a decade ahead, although forecasts of distribution shifts on this critical time-scale, while highly sought after by stakeholders, have yet to materialise. Here, we demonstrate the application of decadal-scale climate predictions to the habitat and distribution of marine fish species. We show statistically significant forecast skill of individual years that outperform baseline forecasts 3–10 years ahead; forecasts of multi-year averages perform even better, yielding correlation coefficients in excess of 0.90 in some cases. We also demonstrate that the habitat shifts underlying conflicts over Atlantic mackerel fishing rights could have been foreseen. Our results show that climate predictions can provide information of direct relevance to stakeholders on the decadal-scale. This tool will be critical in foreseeing, adapting to and coping with the challenges of a changing future climate, particularly in the most ocean-dependent nations and communities.
In vitro reconstitution of Escherichia coli divisome activation
Authors: Radler Philipp , Baranova Natalia , Caldas Paulo , Sommer Christoph , López-Pelegrín Mar , Michalik David , Loose Martin
Published: May 2022

The actin-homologue FtsA is essential for E. coli cell division, as it links FtsZ filaments in the Z-ring to transmembrane proteins. FtsA is thought to initiate cell constriction by switching from an inactive polymeric to an active monomeric conformation, which recruits downstream proteins and stabilizes the Z-ring. However, direct biochemical evidence for this mechanism is missing. Here, we use reconstitution experiments and quantitative fluorescence microscopy to study divisome activation in vitro. By comparing wild-type FtsA with FtsA R286W, we find that this hyperactive mutant outperforms FtsA WT in replicating FtsZ treadmilling dynamics, FtsZ filament stabilization and recruitment of FtsN. We could attribute these differences to a faster exchange and denser packing of FtsA R286W below FtsZ filaments. Using FRET microscopy, we also find that FtsN binding promotes FtsA self-interaction. We propose that in the active divisome FtsA and FtsN exist as a dynamic copolymer that follows treadmilling filaments of FtsZ.
Active conformation of the p97-p47 unfoldase complex
Authors: Xu Yang , Han Han , Cooney Ian , Guo Yuxuan , Moran Noah G. , Zuniga Nathan R. , Price John C. , Hill Christopher P. , Shen Peter S.
Published: May 2022

The p97 AAA+ATPase is an essential and abundant regulator of protein homeostasis that plays a central role in unfolding ubiquitylated substrates. Here we report two cryo-EM structures of human p97 in complex with its p47 adaptor. One of the conformations is six-fold symmetric, corresponds to previously reported structures of p97, and lacks bound substrate. The other structure adopts a helical conformation, displays substrate running in an extended conformation through the pore of the p97 hexamer, and resembles structures reported for other AAA unfoldases. These findings support the model that p97 utilizes a “hand-over-hand” mechanism in which two residues of the substrate are translocated for hydrolysis of two ATPs, one in each of the two p97 AAA ATPase rings. Proteomics analysis supports the model that one p97 complex can bind multiple substrate adaptors or binding partners, and can process substrates with multiple types of ubiquitin modification.
Clustering and halogen effects enabled red/near-infrared room temperature phosphorescence from aliphatic cyclic imides
Authors: Zhu Tianwen , Yang Tianjia , Zhang Qiang , Yuan Wang Zhang
Published: May 2022

Pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials become increasingly important in advanced optoelectronic and bioelectronic applications. Current phosphors based on small aromatic molecules show emission characteristics generally limited to short wavelengths. It remains an enormous challenge to achieve red and near-infrared (NIR) RTP, particularly for those from nonaromatics. Here we demonstrate that succinimide derived cyclic imides can emit RTP in the red (665, 690 nm) and NIR (745 nm) spectral range with high efficiencies of up to 9.2%. Despite their rather limited molecular conjugations, their unique emission stems from the presence of the imide unit and heavy atoms, effective molecular clustering, and the electron delocalization of halogens. We further demonstrate that the presence of heavy atoms like halogen or chalcogen atoms in these systems is important to facilitate intersystem crossing as well as to extend through-space conjugation and to enable rigidified conformations. This universal strategy paves the way to the design of nonconventional luminophores with long wavelength emission and for emerging applications.
Achieving large thermal hysteresis in an anthracene-based manganese(II) complex via photo-induced electron transfer
Authors: Hu Ji-Xiang , Li Qi , Zhu Hai-Lang , Gao Zhen-Ni , Zhang Qian , Liu Tao , Wang Guo-Ming
Published: May 2022

Achieving magnetic bistability with large thermal hysteresis is still a formidable challenge in material science. Here we synthesize a series of isostructural chain complexes using 9,10-anthracene dicarboxylic acid as a photoactive component. The electron transfer photochromic Mn2+ and Zn2+ compounds with photogenerated diradicals are confirmed by structures, optical spectra, magnetic analyses, and density functional theory calculations. For the Mn2+ analog, light irradiation changes the spin topology from a single Mn2+ ion to a radical-Mn2+ single chain, further inducing magnetic bistability with a remarkably wide thermal hysteresis of 177 K. Structural analysis of light irradiated crystals at 300 and 50 K reveals that the rotation of the anthracene rings changes the Mn1–O2–C8 angle and coordination geometries of the Mn2+ center, resulting in magnetic bistability with this wide thermal hysteresis. This work provides a strategy for constructing molecular magnets with large thermal hysteresis via electron transfer photochromism.
Biophysical and functional study of CRL5Ozz, a muscle specific ubiquitin ligase complex
Authors: Campos Yvan , Nourse Amanda , Tanwar Ajay , Kalathur Ravi , Bonten Erik , d’Azzo Alessandra
Published: May 2022

Ozz, a member of the SOCS-box family of proteins, is the substrate-binding component of CRL5Ozz, a muscle-specific Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex composed of Elongin B/C, Cullin 5 and Rbx1. CRL5Ozz targets for proteasomal degradation selected pools of substrates, including sarcolemma-associated β-catenin, sarcomeric MyHCemb and Alix/PDCD6IP, which all interact with the actin cytoskeleton. Ubiquitination and degradation of these substrates are required for the remodeling of the contractile sarcomeric apparatus. However, how CRL5Ozz assembles into an active E3 complex and interacts with its substrates remain unexplored. Here, we applied a baculovirus-based expression system to produce large quantities of two subcomplexes, Ozz–EloBC and Cul5–Rbx1. We show that these subcomplexes mixed in a 1:1 ratio reconstitutes a five-components CRL5Ozz monomer and dimer, but that the reconstituted complex interacts with its substrates only as monomer. The in vitro assembled CRL5Ozz complex maintains the capacity to polyubiquitinate each of its substrates, indicating that the protein production method used in these studies is well-suited to generate large amounts of a functional CRL5Ozz. Our findings highlight a mode of assembly of the CRL5Ozz that differs in presence or absence of its cognate substrates and grant further structural studies.
Reconfigurable switching between reflecting/absorbing modes in VO2 assisted graphene-coated hemispherical dielectric hole arrays
Authors: Raad Shiva Hayati
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a graphene-coated dielectric hole array is used to design a reconfigurable switchable optical reflector/absorber device. The design benefits from the collective excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances of graphene-coated hole array, providing simpler fabrication fellow and more compact structure with respect to graphene-coated spherical nanoparticle array with similar plasmonic behavior. Geometrical parametric study of the reflecting mode shows that the device has lots of degrees of freedom for spectrum tuning and can highly tolerate fabrication imperfections. Moreover, the reflection rate is slightly affected by the dielectric substrate height, which can be tuned to achieve strong absorption by backing it with a metallic mirror. The designed absorber efficiently captures a wide range of obliquely incident transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves. Also, the operating frequency of both reflecting and absorbing modes can be tuned after fabrication, thanks to the two-dimensional nature of graphene material. Finally, using vanadium dioxide (VO2) phase change material, the switchable reflector\absorber mode of the device is also exhibited.
Phylogeography of the veined squid, Loligo forbesii, in European waters
Authors: Göpel Anika , Oesterwind Daniel , Barrett Christopher , Cannas Rita , Caparro Luis Silva , Carbonara Pierluigi , Donnaloia Marilena , Follesa Maria Cristina , Larivain Angela , Laptikhovsky Vladimir , Lefkaditou Evgenia , Robin Jean-Paul , Santos Maria Begoña , Sobrino Ignacio , Valeiras Julio , Valls Maria , Vieira Hugo C. , Wieland Kai , Bastrop Ralf
Published: May 2022

The veined squid, Loligo forbesii Steenstrup, 1856, occurs at the European Shelf areas including the Azores and represents a valuable resource for the European commercial fishery in the North East Atlantic. However, very little is known about its population structure and phylogeography. This lack of knowledge also impedes the development of sustainable fishery management for this species. The present study combined the use of two types of markers that retrieve patterns of gene flow in different time spans; the analysis of 16 nuclear microsatellites and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Whereas the high mutation rate of microsatellites allows the description of recent patterns of connectivity in species, the lower mutation rate of COI provides phylogeographic patterns on a longer timescale. A total of 347 individuals of L. forbesii were investigated from nearly the entire distribution range of the species, including the North East Atlantic Shelf, the Azores and the Mediterranean. Individuals from the Western and Eastern Mediterranean Sea have never been included in a genetic study before. We were able to analyse COI sequences from all 12 sampling areas and define three clades of L. forbesii. Due to our large sampling area, we are presenting 13 COI-haplotypes that were previously unknown. The microsatellite analysis does not include the Azores but three main clades could be identified at the remaining 11 sampling sites. Low FST values indicate gene flow over large geographical distances. However, the genetically significant differences and an additional slight grouping in the microsatellite structure reveal that geographical barriers seem to influence the population structure and reduce gene flow. Furthermore, both markers provide strong evidence that the observed phylogeographic pattern reflects the geographical history of the Azores and the Mediterranean Sea.
Development and application of a field knowledge graph and search engine for pavement engineering
Authors: Yang Zhihao , Bi Yingxin , Wang Linbing , Cao Dongwei , Li Rongxu , Li Qianqian
Published: May 2022

Integrated, timely data about pavement structures, materials and performance information are crucial for the continuous improvement and optimization of pavement design by the engineering research community. However, at present, pavement structures, materials and performance information in China are relatively isolated and cannot be integrated and managed. This results in a waste of a large amount of effective information. One of the significant development trends of pavement engineering is to collect, analyze, and manage the knowledge assets of pavement information to realize intelligent decision-making. To address these challenges, a knowledge graph (KG) is adopted, which is a novel and effective knowledge management technology and provides an ideal technical method to realize the integration of information in pavement engineering. First, a neural network model is used based on the principle of deep learning to obtain knowledge. On this basis, the relationship between knowledge is built from siloed databases, data in textual format and networks, and the knowledge base. Second, KG-Pavement is presented, which is a flexible framework that can integrate and ingest heterogeneous pavement engineering data to generate knowledge graphs. Furthermore, the index and unique constraints on attributes for knowledge entities are proposed in KG-Pavement, which can improve the efficiency of internal retrieval in the system. Finally, a pavement information search engine based on a knowledge graph is constructed to realize information interaction and target information matching between a webpage server and graph database. This is the first successful application of knowledge graphs in pavement engineering. This will greatly promote knowledge integration and intelligent decision-making in the domain of pavement engineering.
Cognitive and hippocampal changes weeks and years after memory training
Authors: Bråthen Anne Cecilie Sjøli , Sørensen Øystein , de Lange Ann-Marie G. , Mowinckel Athanasia M. , Fjell Anders M. , Walhovd Kristine B.
Published: May 2022

While immediate effects of memory-training are widely reported in young and older adults, less is known regarding training-dependent hippocampal plasticity across multiple intervention phases, and long-term maintenance of such. Here, 157 healthy young and older adults underwent a training-intervention including two 10 weeks periods of episodic-memory training, separated by two 2 weeks periods of no training. Both age groups showed improvements on a criterion task, which prevailed after 3 years. When compared to the reference condition of no training, relative increases in hippocampal volume were observed after the training across age groups, which were maintained after 10 weeks periods of no training. However, there was age-group dependent temporal variation with respect to timing of effects. Hippocampal volume of the training group did not differ from that of a passive control-group 3 years after the intervention. The young showed an immediate near-transfer effect on a word-association task. We show that training-gains on memory performance can prevail for at least 3 years. Memory training can induce increases in hippocampal volume immediately after the intervention and after months. Episodic-memory training can produce transfer effects to a non-trained memory task in young adults. However, maintained effects on hippocampal volume beyond 10 weeks are uncertain, and likely require continuous training.
The central role of self-esteem in the quality of life of patients with mental disorders
Authors: Barbalat Guillaume , Plasse Julien , Gauthier Emmanuel , Verdoux Hélène , Quiles Clélia , Dubreucq Julien , Legros-Lafarge Emilie , Jaafari Nematollah , Massoubre Catherine , Guillard-Bouhet Nathalie , Haesebaert Frédéric , Franck Nicolas
Published: May 2022

In psychiatry, recent years have seen a change of focus from a clinician- to a patient-centered perspective that emphasizes quality of life as a treatment target. As a complex construct, quality of life is composed of multiple dimensions that interact with one-another (e.g. physical and psychological well-being, relationships, autonomy, self-esteem). Here, we used data from the REHABase cohort, which includes N = 2180 patients from 15 psychosocial rehabilitation centers in France, to explore networks of quality-of-life dimensions among six psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental, bipolar, depressive, anxiety, and personality disorders. Stronger connections (edges) involved the Self-Esteem dimension, such as Self-Esteem–Physical Well-Being, Self-Esteem–Autonomy, Self-Esteem–Psychological Well-Being, and Self-Esteem–Resilience. Self-esteem was also consistently retrieved as the most central node (the dimension with the most connections within each network). Between-group tests did not reveal any differences regarding network structure, overall connectivity, edge-weights, and nodes’ centrality. Despite presenting with different symptom profiles, various psychiatric disorders may demonstrate similar inter-relationships among quality-of-life dimensions. In particular, self-esteem may have a crucial inter-connecting role in patients’ quality of life. Our findings could support treatment programmes that specifically target self-esteem to improve patients’ quality of life in a cost-effective way.
Preliminary outcomes of the surgical navigation system combined with intraoperative three-dimensional C-arm computed tomography for zygomatico-orbital fracture reconstruction
Authors: Chu Yu-Ying , Yang Jia-Ruei , Lai Bo-Ru , Liao Han-Tsung
Published: May 2022

This study analyzed the outcomes of zygomatico-orbital fracture reconstruction using the real-time navigation system with intraoperative three-dimensional (3D) C-arm computed tomography (CT). Fifteen patients with zygomatico-orbital or isolated orbital/zygoma fractures were enrolled in this prospective cohort. For zygoma reduction, the displacement at five key sutures and the differences between preoperative and intraoperative CT images were compared. For orbital reconstruction, the bilateral orbital volume differences in the anterior, middle, and posterior angles over the medial transitional buttress were measured. Two patients required implant adjustment once after the intraoperative 3D C-arm assessment. On comparing the preoperative and postoperative findings for the zygoma, the average sum of displacement was 19.48 (range, 5.1–34.65) vs. 1.96 (0–3.95) mm (P < 0.001) and the deviation index was 13.56 (10–24.35) vs. 2.44 (0.6–4.85) (P < 0.001). For the orbit, the mean preoperative to postoperative bilateral orbital volume difference was 3.93 (0.35–10.95) vs. 1.05 (0.12–3.61) mm3 (P < 0.001). The mean difference in the bilateral angles at the transition buttress was significantly decreased postoperatively at the middle and posterior one-third. There was no significant difference in orbital volume, angle of the transition zone, and the sum of five zygoma distances between post operative results and preoperative virtual planning. The surgical navigation system with the intraoperative 3D C-arm can effectively improve the accuracy of zygomatico-orbital fracture reconstruction and decrease implant adjustment times.
Novel pfk13 polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum population in Ghana
Authors: Matrevi Sena Adzoa , Tandoh Kwesi Zandoh , Bruku Selassie , Opoku-Agyeman Philip , Adams Tryphena , Ennuson Nana Aba , Asare Bright , Hagan Oheneba Charles Kofi , Abuaku Benjamin , Koram Kwadwo Ansah , Fox Ann , Quashie Neils Ben , Letizia Andrew G. , Duah-Quashie Nancy Odurowah
Published: May 2022

The molecular determinants of Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin resistance are the single nucleotide polymorphisms in the parasite’s kelch propeller domain, pfk13. Validated and candidate markers are under surveillance in malaria endemic countries using artemisinin-based combination therapy. However, pfk13 mutations which may confer parasite artemisinin resistance in Africa remains elusive. It has therefore become imperative to report all observed pfk13 gene polymorphisms in malaria therapeutic efficacy studies for functional characterization. We herein report all novel pfk13 mutations observed only in the Ghanaian parasite population. In all, 977 archived samples from children aged 12 years and below with uncomplicated malaria from 2007 to 2017 were used. PCR/Sanger sequencing analysis revealed 78% (763/977) of the samples analyzed were wild type (WT) for pfk13 gene. Of the 214 (22%) mutants, 78 were novel mutations observed only in Ghana. The novel SNPs include R404G, P413H, N458D/H/I, C473W/S, R529I, M579T/Y, C580R/V, D584L, N585H/I, Q661G/L. Some of the mutations were sites and ecological zones specific. There was low nucleotide diversity and purifying selection at the pfk13 locus in Ghanaian parasite population. With increasing drug pressure and its consequent parasite resistance, documenting these mutations as baseline data is crucial for future molecular surveillance of P. falciparum resistance to artemisinin in Ghana.
Metabolite profiling and protein quantification to a large library of 96 horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) germplasm
Authors: Gautam Manisha , Chahota Rakesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

The present study was framed for the assessment of metabolic diversity of 96 diverse horsegram lines derived from 700 germplasm accessions of Pan India. The nutritional component of horsegram germplasm was studied using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and micro-Kjeldal method. Differential range of protein content was found 13–40% in the selected panel. The related wild species Macrotyloma sar-gharwalensis contained highest protein content (40%), and the lowest protein content (13%) was found in IC-120837 and TCR-1439. Seed based 1H NMR spectroscopy of horsegram discovered 45 different metabolites (17 amino acids, 7 flavonoids, 10 organic acids/phenolic acids/sugar alcohols/steroids, 7 carbohydrades/sugars, and 4 vitamins). The number of total metabolites quantified among diverse horsegram panel ranged from 25–44. The lowest metabolites number was 26 in PLKU-38, while, IC-280031 and IC-139356 lines showed the presence of highest number of metabolites (44). Lines IC-280031 and IC-139356 were found most nutritive amongst selected panel of horsegram germplasm by containing maximum number of quantifiable metabolites during 1H NMR spectroscopy study. Further, the NMR based data of 96 germplasms was subjected for statistical analysis (PCA, Matrix plot, stacked charts) that revealed the similarities and variations among the whole germplasm. The methionine, sucrose, maltose, riboflavin and myricetin were observed as differential chemo-markers that help to differentiate the horsegram lines of selected panel. This information will further aid in the selection of nutritionally efficient cultivars for proteomics and genomics studies and these lines can be used as nutraceutical food for the prevention of various health ailments including kidney stone.
Madden-Julian oscillation influences United States springtime tornado and hail frequency
Authors: Miller Douglas E. , Gensini Vittorio A. , Barrett Bradford S.
Published: May 2022

The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of intraseasonal variability in the tropics and has a documented influence on extratropical extreme weather through modulation of synoptic atmospheric conditions. MJO phase has been correlated with anomalous tornado and severe hail frequency in the United States (US). However, the robustness of this relationship is unsettled, and the variability of physical pathways to modulation is poorly understood, despite the socioeconomic impacts that tornadoes and hail evoke. We approached this problem using pentad MJO indices and practically perfect severe weather hindcasts. MJO lifecycles were cataloged and clustered to document variability and potential pathways to enhanced subseasonal tornado and hail predictability. Statistically significant increases in US tornado and hail probabilities were documented 3–4 weeks following the period of the strongest upper-level divergence for the 53 active MJO events that propagated past the Maritime continent, contrasting with the 47 MJO events that experienced the barrier effect, during boreal spring 1979–2019. The 53 MJO events that propagated past the Maritime continent revealed three prevailing MJO evolutions—each containing unique pathways and modulation of US tornado and hail frequency—advancing our knowledge and capability to anticipate these hazards at extended lead times.
Plants grown in Apollo lunar regolith present stress-associated transcriptomes that inform prospects for lunar exploration
Authors: Paul Anna-Lisa , Elardo Stephen M. , Ferl Robert
Published: May 2022

The extent to which plants can enhance human life support on other worlds depends on the ability of plants to thrive in extraterrestrial environments using in-situ resources. Using samples from Apollo 11, 12, and 17, we show that the terrestrial plant Arabidopsis thaliana germinates and grows in diverse lunar regoliths. However, our results show that growth is challenging; the lunar regolith plants were slow to develop and many showed severe stress morphologies. Moreover, all plants grown in lunar soils differentially expressed genes indicating ionic stresses, similar to plant reactions to salt, metal and reactive oxygen species. Therefore, although in situ lunar regoliths can be useful for plant production in lunar habitats, they are not benign substrates. The interaction between plants and lunar regolith will need to be further elucidated, and likely mitigated, to best enable efficient use of lunar regolith for life support within lunar stations.
Site-specific photolabile roadblocks for the study of transcription elongation in biologically complex systems
Authors: Nadon Jean-François , Epshtein Vitaly , Cameron Etienne , Samatov Mikhail R. , Vasenko Andrey S. , Nudler Evgeny , Lafontaine Daniel A.
Published: May 2022

Transcriptional pausing is crucial for the timely expression of genetic information. Biochemical methods quantify the half-life of paused RNA polymerase (RNAP) by monitoring restarting complexes across time. However, this approach may produce apparent half-lives that are longer than true pause escape rates in biological contexts where multiple consecutive pause sites are present. We show here that the 6-nitropiperonyloxymethyl (NPOM) photolabile group provides an approach to monitor transcriptional pausing in biological systems containing multiple pause sites. We validate our approach using the well-studied his pause and show that an upstream RNA sequence modulates the pause half-life. NPOM was also used to study a transcriptional region within the Escherichia coli thiC riboswitch containing multiple consecutive pause sites. We find that an RNA hairpin structure located upstream to the region affects the half-life of the 5′ most proximal pause site—but not of the 3′ pause site—in contrast to results obtained using conventional approaches not preventing asynchronous transcription. Our results show that NPOM is a powerful tool to study transcription elongation dynamics within biologically complex systems.
Integrated omics approach to unveil antifungal bacterial polyynes as acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase inhibitors
Authors: Lin Ching-Chih , Hoo Sin Yong , Ma Li-Ting , Lin Chih , Huang Kai-Fa , Ho Ying-Ning , Sun Chi-Hui , Lee Han-Jung , Chen Pi-Yu , Shu Lin-Jie , Wang Bo-Wei , Hsu Wei-Chen , Ko Tzu-Ping , Yang Yu-Liang
Published: May 2022

Bacterial polyynes are highly active natural products with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. However, their detailed mechanism of action remains unclear. By integrating comparative genomics, transcriptomics, functional genetics, and metabolomics analysis, we identified a unique polyyne resistance gene, masL (encoding acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase), in the biosynthesis gene cluster of antifungal polyynes (massilin A 1, massilin B 2, collimonin C 3, and collimonin D 4) of Massilia sp. YMA4. Crystallographic analysis indicated that bacterial polyynes serve as covalent inhibitors of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase. Moreover, we confirmed that the bacterial polyynes disrupted cell membrane integrity and inhibited the cell viability of Candida albicans by targeting ERG10, the homolog of MasL. Thus, this study demonstrated that acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase is a potential target for developing antifungal agents.
Rapid evolution of an adaptive taste polymorphism disrupts courtship behavior
Authors: Wada-Katsumata Ayako , Hatano Eduardo , McPherson Samantha , Silverman Jules , Schal Coby
Published: May 2022

The evolution of adaptive behavior often requires changes in sensory systems. However, rapid adaptive changes in sensory traits can adversely affect other fitness-related behaviors. In the German cockroach, a gustatory polymorphism, ‘glucose-aversion (GA)’, supports greater survivorship under selection with glucose-containing insecticide baits and promotes the evolution of behavioral resistance. Yet, sugars are prominent components of the male’s nuptial gift and play an essential role in courtship. Behavioral and chemical analyses revealed that the saliva of GA females rapidly degrades nuptial gift sugars into glucose, and the inversion of a tasty nuptial gift to an aversive stimulus often causes GA females to reject courting males. Thus, the rapid emergence of an adaptive change in the gustatory system supports foraging, but it interferes with courtship. The trade-off between natural and sexual selection under human-imposed selection can lead to directional selection on courtship behavior that favors the GA genotype.
A chemical link between methylamine and methylene imine and implications for interstellar glycine formation
Authors: Joshi Prasad Ramesh , Lee Yuan-Pern
Published: May 2022

Methylamine CH3NH2 is considered to be an important precursor of interstellar amino acid because hydrogen abstraction might lead to the aminomethyl radical •CH2NH2 that can react with •HOCO to form glycine, but direct evidence of the formation and spectral identification of •CH2NH2 remains unreported. We performed the reaction H + CH3NH2 in solid p-H2 at 3.2 K and observed IR spectra of •CH2NH2 and CH2NH upon irradiation and when the matrix was maintained in darkness. Previously unidentified IR spectrum of •CH2NH2 clearly indicates that •CH2NH2 can be formed from the reaction H + CH3NH2 in dark interstellar clouds. The observed dual-cycle mechanism containing two consecutive H-abstraction and two H-addition steps chemically connects CH3NH2 and CH2NH in interstellar media and explains their quasi-equilibrium. Experiments on CD3NH2 produced CD2HNH2, in addition to •CD2NH2 and CD2NH, confirming the occurrence of H addition to •CD2NH2.
Crop harvests for direct food use insufficient to meet the UN’s food security goal
Authors: Ray Deepak K. , Sloat Lindsey L. , Garcia Andrea S. , Davis Kyle F. , Ali Tariq , Xie Wei
Published: May 2022

Rising competition for crop usage presents policy challenges exacerbated by poor understanding of where crops are harvested for various uses. Here we create high-resolution global maps showing where crops are harvested for seven broad use categories—food, feed, processing, export, industrial, seed and losses. Yields for food crops are low relative to other crop-use categories. It is unlikely, given current trends, that the minimum calorie requirement to eliminate projected food undernourishment by 2030 will be met through crops harvested for direct food consumption, although enough calories will be harvested across all usages. Sub-Saharan African nations will probably fall short of feeding their increased population and eliminating undernourishment in 2030, even if all harvested calories are used directly as food.
Paleozoic ocean plate stratigraphy unraveled by calcite U-Pb dating of basalt and biostratigraphy
Authors: Andjić Goran , Zhou Renjie , Buchs David M. , Aitchison Jonathan C. , Zhao Jianxin
Published: May 2022

Oceanic mafic volcanic rocks preserve unique information regarding the nature and evolution of tectonic plates. However, constraining their age is commonly challenging because of their lack of datable minerals and high degrees of alteration. We present in situ laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry U-Pb dating of calcite phases in altered basalts in a Paleozoic subduction complex (eastern Australia). Calcite enclosed in amygdules and filled in fractures yielded two distinctive ages with contrasting geochemical signatures. These results, combined with new biostratigraphic and whole-rock geochemical data, suggest that oceanic islands formed in the Panthalassa Ocean at about 365 million years ago, accreted to eastern Gondwana at about 330 million years ago, and underwent brittle deformation at about 305 million years ago. Calcite U-Pb geochronology is valuable to help constrain minimum formation ages of volcanic rocks and their deformation history, ultimately improving ability to unravel the geological record of accretionary complexes, and more generally ancient underwater volcanic systems.
Lactobacillus reuteri J1 prevents obesity by altering the gut microbiota and regulating bile acid metabolism in obese mice
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Fang Ruxue , Lu Xingru , Zhang Yu , Yang Mo , Su Yue , Jiang Yujun , Man Chaoxin
Published: May 2022

L. reuteri J1 regulated the composition of bile acid by regulating the gut microbiome of obese mice, thus inhibiting the mechanism of the ileum FXR-FGF15 pathway and promoting the FXR-SHP pathway, and affecting the browning of WAT.
Methodologies to characterize, identify and quantify nano- and sub-micron sized plastics in relevant media for human exposure: a critical review
Authors: Roberto de Bruin Carlo , de Rijke Eva , van Wezel Annemarie P. , Astefanei A.
Published: May 2022

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in the environment are an emerging issue of global concern.
Proteomic characterization of phagocytic primary human monocyte-derived macrophages
Authors: Volk Regan F. , Montaño José L. , Warrington Sara E. , Hofmann Katherine L. , Zaro Balyn W.
Published: May 2022

We report a first-in-class dataset of proteins detectable and synthesized in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Macrophages stimulated with interferon-gamma are more phagocytic and synthesize more proteins than steady-state macrophages.
Cow's milk αS1-casein is more sensitizing than goat's milk αS1-casein in a mouse model
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhang Lina , Zhou Ruoya , Zhong Jinjing , Xie Kui , Hou Yanmei , Zhou Peng
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to compare the sensitization of αS1-CN in cow and goat's milk in a mouse model.
Estimation of the maximum electric field strength in the cathode sheath of a Grimm-type glow discharge by end-on view optical emission spectroscopy in neon and argon
Authors: Nedić Nikodin V. , Ivanović Nikola V. , Videnović Ivan R. , Spasojević Djordje , Konjević Nikola
Published: May 2022

Looking “behind” the negative glow plasma: can we unveil the parameters describing the electric field distribution in the cathode sheath of the Grimm-type glow discharge source using standard end-on optical emission spectroscopy? We believe we can.
Cell penetrating peptide (CPP) gold(iii) – complex – bioconjugates: from chemical design to interaction with cancer cells for nanomedicine applications
Authors: Arib Celia , Griveau Audrey , Eyer Joel , Spadavecchia Jolanda
Published: May 2022

Innovative synthesis of a nanotheragnostic scaffold capable of targeting and destroying pancreatic cancer cells (PDAC) using the Biotinylated NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide (BIOT-NFL).
Correction: A single-band ratiometric luminescent thermometer based on tetrafluorides operating entirely in the infrared region
Authors: Trejgis K. , Ledwa K. , Bednarkiewicz A. , Marciniak L.
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘A single-band ratiometric luminescent thermometer based on tetrafluorides operating entirely in the infrared region’ by K. Trejgis et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2022, 4, 437–446, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NA00727K.
Precision therapy through breaking the intracellular redox balance with an MOF-based hydrogel intelligent nanobot for enhancing ferroptosis and activating immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Dongsheng , Meng Yanfei , Song Yingzi , Cui Ping , Hu Zunfu , Zheng Xiuwen
Published: May 2022

In this work, a novel intelligent hydrogel nanobot is used to break the intracellular redox balance and trigger the immune response. FSMH could collapse and enhance the release of the immune adjuvants, FeSe2 nanoenzyme and photosensitizer Ce6.
Introduction to advanced functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications
Authors: Xu Chenjie , Zhang Yu Shrike , Begin Sylvie , Thanh Nguyễn Thị Kim
Published: May 2022

Chenjie Xu, Yu Shrike Zhang, Sylvie Begin and Nguyễn Thị Kim Thanh introduce the Nanoscale and Nanoscale Advances themed collection on advanced functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
Investigations on the thermoelectric and thermodynamic properties of Y2CT2 (T = O, F, OH)
Authors: Wang Li , Chang Wen-Li , Sun Zi-Qi , Zhang Zi-Meng
Published: May 2022

Top and side views of the Y2CT2 (T = O, F and OH).
Utilization of mesoporous phosphotungstic acid in nanocellulose membranes for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Priyangga Arif , Atmaja Lukman , Santoso Mardi , Jaafar Juhana , Ilbeygi Hamid
Published: May 2022

A NC/Im/m-PTA membrane was fabricated for direct methanol fuel cell applications.
Theoretical investigation of fused N-methyl-dithieno-pyrrole derivatives in the context of acceptor–donor–acceptor approach
Authors: Chutia Tridip , Kalita Dhruba Jyoti
Published: May 2022

In this work we have theoretically investigated the optoelectronic properties of a series of acceptor–donor–acceptor type molecules by employing density functional theory formalism.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed synthesis of dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones from aryl ketone O-acetyl oximes and quinones via C–H activation and C–C bond cleavage
Authors: Yang Wei , Zhang Haonan , Liu Yu , Tang Cuiman , Xu Xiaohui , Liu Jiaqi
Published: May 2022

A novel procedure for the synthesis of dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones via Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation and C–C bond cleavage is described.
Catalytic oxygen evolution from hydrogen peroxide bytrans-[Co(en)2Cl2]@InBTB metal–organic framework catalytic system
Authors: Yoon Sukbin , Choi In-Hwan , Kim Youngmee , Huh Seong
Published: May 2022

The heterogenizedtrans-[Co(en)2Cl2]+-encapsulated InBTB MOF (trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]@InBTB) catalytic system with high recyclability for oxygen evolution from hydrogen peroxide was prepared and its catalytic activity was demonstrated.