bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Past, Future and the Maroon Community in Edouard Glissant’s Le Quatrième Siècle
Authors: Britton Celia
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores Le Quatrième Siècle’s reflections on the conceptions of community and individual, which are required by a struggle for political independence, Caribbean solidarity, and cultural autonomy. Also discussed in this chapter is Edouard Glissant’s position as a philosopher, with a comment on the prominence of opacity in Glissant’s thinking. Like many of the other chapters in this study, Britton compares the work of Glissant to that of the philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy’s.
Singular Beings and Political Disorganization in Vincent Placoly’s L’Eau-de-mort guildive
Authors: Britton Celia
Published: January 2019

This chapter studies Vincent Placoly’s extremely original work, which is characterized by a surreal atmosphere and chaotic structure. Britton discusses the novel’s attempt at creating a coherent representation of a fictional world, and looks at the community within the novel’s disorganization and inability to constitute itself as a solid unit.
Conquering the Town: Stories and Myth in Patrick Chamoiseau’s Texaco
Authors: Britton Celia
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores Texaco’s key theme of building new communities, and the polarity between town and country. Britton foregrounds the fictional community’s existence as not only a new community but also one that exists because of sustained effort of will and a collective determination, all of which result in a sense of togetherness. The chapter also discusses the novel’s commentary on creating new forms of social organization and the building of a free, self-sufficient community.
The Battle for the Migrants
Authors: Feys Torsten
Published: January 2019

This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry’s response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.
Shipping Companies' Interference with the Enactment and Implementation of Immigration Laws during the Progressive Era
Authors: Feys Torsten
Published: January 2019

This final chapter explores the ways in which shipping companies both attempted to prevent and successfully blocked the implementation of numerous American laws restricting the passage of migrants. It examines immigration policies implemented at Ellis Island - including analysis of the various reasons for denial of entry and the actions of unsympathetic Ellis Island leaders; migration as an issue of race politics; the impact of the Immigration Acts of 1903, 1907, and the Dillingham-Burnett Bill; gate issues surrounding immigration; and the interference of shipping companies in racist immigrant selection processes. It concludes that shipping companies were vigorous in their efforts to guarantee their right to land their passengers, and would circulate information through agent networks detailing how migrants could pass through tightened border controls.
Conclusion
Authors: Feys Torsten
Published: January 2019

Approaching nineteenth-century transatlantic mass migration as a trade issue adds to our understanding about the business structures that sustained chainmigration patterns, the structural development of passenger lines into cartels turning migrant transport into a big business and the origins, development and enforcement of early migration laws. Placing the steamship companies at the heart of the European mass migration story underlines their pivotal role in enabling, facilitating and stimulating the process....
The Impact of Steam Shipping on Transatlantic Migration, 1870-1914
Authors: Feys Torsten
Published: January 2019

This section is a brief introduction to the remainder of the journal, outlining how mass migration became a big business during the transition from sail to steam technology between 1870 and 1914. It also states that records from the Holland-America Line form the majority of the sources for the subsequent chapters.
War and Trade in Eighteenth-Century Newfoundland
Authors: Janzen Olaf Uwe
Published: January 2019

The final journal in the Research in Maritime History series offers a selection of papers by Olaf U. Janzen concerning the maritime history of eighteenth-century Newfoundland, reprinted from various publications and assembled here in chronological order. It explores themes of imperial dominance expressed by both the British and French empires in the struggle for sovereignty that ensconced the two nations. The Newfoundland fishery in the wake of the Treaty of Utrecht was also source of tension between British and French fishermen due to the fishery’s lucrative status. In attempt to integrate Newfoundland’s maritime history into the wider context of the North Atlantic world it examines the struggles of France as their maritime trade went into decline; the dominance of the British Royal Navy on the Atlantic Ocean; the struggle of indigenous Canadians to migrate to Newfoundland; and the efforts of America during the War of Independence to target the fishery when vulnerable. It consists of an introduction, twelve chapters exploring pertinent themes, and an appendix containing reprinted oil paintings of British artist Francis Holman depicting a naval engagement of 7-8 July 1777 involving numerous vessels.
"A World Embracing Sea:" The Oceans as Highway, 1604-1815
Authors: Janzen Olaf U.
Published: January 2019

This chapter is a study of maritime trade during the ‘mercantilism’ period of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It explores the way oceans functioned as highways for ships, people, and commodities, and briefly introduces the Newfoundland fish trade in the eighteenth century - the framework through which the rest of the journal approaches the subject of maritime trade. It offers an overview of the developments in commodity trade in the period, primarily in the Atlantic community; the environment factors such as wind or current patterns that plagued sailing vessels; the risks inherent to ocean voyages during the period; the way family and kinship influenced maritime commerce; the types of trade undertaken; the safeguarding of investments; and the increase in both the military and government presence in maritime trade affairs. It concludes that in order to fully understand the importance of oceanic highways the intricacies of the land-sea relationship must be considered in detail.
The Illicit Trade in English Cod into Spain, 1739-1748
Authors: Janzen Olaf U.
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the illicit trade of English cod into Spain by French merchants during the Anglo-Spanish War of Jenkin’s Ear. It charts the reasons for the trade - the struggle of French merchants in the fish trade and the opportunity they captialised on with the embargo on Anglo-Spanish trade during the war; the repeated failure of the relative authorities to quash the trade; and trade through Saint-Malo and the role of Malouin merchants - particularly the activities of the enormously ambitious Chenu family. It concludes that French merchants used the illicit English cod trade to both bypass the difficulties of the French fish trade and simultaneously attain a higher financial and social rank for themselves.
Un Petit Dérangement: The Eviction of French Fishermen from Newfoundland in 1755
Authors: Janzen Olaf U.
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the expulsion of the Acadians from their Canadian settlements by the British in 1755, with particular focus on Newfoundland and the forcible deportation of French fishermen that took place several weeks beforehand. It argues that the Newfoundland incident was driven by the way English and French fisheries were perceived by naval authorities; the circumstances and opportunity of the moment; and the motives of the Captain John Rous, who orchestrated much of the operation. It charts the events in detail, and concludes that the deportation of the fishermen of Port aux Basques and Codroy could conceivably be seen as a ‘dry-run’ for the larger deportation to come. It also suggests that the maritime career of John Rous requires further investigation, as existing records leave many questions about his role in the deportations unanswered.
The American Threat to the Newfoundland Fisheries, 1776-1777
Authors: Janzen Olaf U.
Published: January 2019

This final chapter continues to explore the American threat to the Newfoundland fishery between 1776 and 1777, but pays more attention to the toll it took on the mercantile fishing community. It argues that American privateers targeted Newfoundland fishing vessels less out of purposeful strategy and more out of incidental circumstance. It examines the role of the privateer; the creation of the Continental Navy; attacks on the fishery; the role of public warships; the refitting of vessels for war; naval prizes; and risks taken by privateers, in order to fully assess the threat to the fishermen of Newfoundland. It concludes that America fundamentally struggled to wage an effective offensive against the British Newfoundland fisheries during the War of American Independence, though Newfoundland fishermen endured tremendous disruption during the campaign.
Love’s progress
Authors: Ellis David
Published: January 2019

This begins by describing how one dissatisfied wife was quickly replaced by another in Frieda Weekley. With the aid of Freudian ideas borrowed from a previous lover, Otto Gross, she helped in the final revision of Sons and Lovers, and also identified Lawrence’s continuing love for his dead mother as a reason why their relationship was often so tempestuous. But without her, he could not have written the astonishingly original description of how the sexual relations of Will and Anna Brangwen develop in The Rainbow. Meanwhile, however, Lawrence’s attraction to men remained and, after an outburst of hysterical disgust following an encounter with practising homosexuals in Cambridge, he began to formulate a more moderate position. This was in Cornwall where, for Women in Love, he wrote a `Prologue’ where Birkin is described as only aroused by men’s bodies. In the novel as eventually published, Birkin insists that he needs a male alternative to his relationship with Ursula, and that, in their own sexual dealings, each of them must retain individuality (`stellar polarity’). How this can happen is suggested in prose which is markedly obscure nature and in which, not for the first time in his writing, anal intercourse figures prominently.
The road to disillusion
Authors: Ellis David
Published: January 2019

The theme here is the attack on `love’ Birkin inaugurates; but the starting-point Lawrence’s interest in nerve centres (`chakras’), and how these function, in an unpublished essay on Whitman, to endorse sexual relations between men. His suspicion of the dominance women can assume in sex is illustrated with episodes from The Lost Girl. How this problem relates to the extra-marital affair he had around this time with Rosalind Baynes could never be known, although it seems significant that this was when he was writing his tortoise poems with their talk of being `crucified into sex’. The backdrop is always his difficult relationship with Frieda yet his ability to occasionally treat that with wry humour is obvious from Mr. Noon, and the much more successful `The Captain’s Doll’. Travelling round Europe after 1919, Lawrence met Maurice Magnus who described him as on the lookout for bi-sexual individuals like himself. His movements are reflected in the protagonist of Aaron’s Rod who participates in a bonding scene with another man (comparable to the naked wrestling in Women in Love), but also in various episodes of sexual intercourse with women which leave him painfully conscious of having yielded them his power.
A change of heart
Authors: Ellis David
Published: January 2019

Returning to Europe in 1925, Lawrence abandoned politics and went back to love and sex as his principal concerns. In The Virgin and the Gipsy, sex’s transforming power takes a semi-allegorical form but then, in three successive versions of Lady Chatterley’s Lover, Lawrence recast the essentials of his story in a more realist mode. The decision to publish privately allowed him to describe sexual intercourse explicitly and produce passages which, in the 1960s, helped to make him an unlikely hero of sexual liberation. Some of these are indeed beautiful yet, in `the night of sensual passion’ episode, the old concern with anal intercourse re-appears and passages from the novel which defence witnesses at the trial took care not to read out include Mellors’s unpleasant account of his sexual history, with its bitter complaints about women who `grind their own coffee’. There is some romantic nostalgia in Lady Chatterley’s Lover, perhaps relating to the fact that Lawrence was impotent when he wrote it; but its evident flaws make it unfortunate that the interest it incites distracts attention from the fine writing he did afterwards, in Etruscan Places or The Man Who Died, for example, or in the later poetry.
A propos
Authors: Ellis David
Published: January 2019

This chapter looks at how illogically, in A Propos, Lawrence defends his use of the four-letter words. No more logical is his surprising praise for Catholicism and the importance it attaches to the indissolubility of marriage. This can be associated with a contradiction running throughout his life and career between a belief in free love and a need for stability. A Propos shows Lawrence as confused as ever on this issue, despite his readiness to lecture the young on sexual matters. It could be claimed that what nevertheless makes his writing on love and sex so valuable is not its coherence but his often startling willingness to offer his own experience as an example. But a sine qua non of valuable self-exposure is honesty and there are worrying signs in Lawrence’s dealings with his erotic feelings for men, and his fear of dominance in relations with women, of rationalisation. All this leaves critics who admire him with a dilemma. Love and sex in Lawrence cannot be ignored, because it is at the centre of so much of his work. On the other hand, his real distinction lies less in that direction than in other displays of his exceptional gifts.
The content of macroelements in white mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves
Authors: Levickienė Dovilė , Vaitkevičienė Nijolė , Jarienė Elvyra , Mažeika Romas
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the agrochemical and biological quality indicators of soil and to determine the best harvest time to maximize the nutrient contents of white mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) from two different cultivars. Mulberry leaves were analysed to determine the seasonal changes in the contents of Ca, K, P, Mg and S.
The study was carried out on 7-year-old mulberry trees belonging to Morus alba L. cultivated in an organic farm in the Kaunas District of Lithuania in 2016 and 2017. The soil agrochemical and biological indicators and mulberry leave samples were analysed two times during the tree vegetation period. The soil samples were collected in May and September (in the 2nd ten-day period) and leaves in June and September (in the 2nd ten-day period). The study revealed that a decreasing tendency for soil agrochemical indicators was observed throughout the entire period of growth of mulberry trees. At the end of the vegetation period the contents of nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium significantly decreased by 7.93, 24.85 and 25%, respectively, compared with that taken in May. At the end of the mulberry tree vegetation period the microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in the soil significantly decreased, by 20.39 and 17.95%, respectively, compared with that taken in the beginning of the vegetation period. The study revealed that harvest months had a statistically significant impact on the levels of the examined elements among the two Morus cultivars. It was found that the main macroelement in the leaves of both cultivars was Ca followed by K, P, Mg and S. However, the highest Ca, Mg, P and S contents in ‘Turchanka’ leaves increased with maturity. Importantly, the amount of macronutrients in the mulberry leaves varied in accordance with the cultivar and the harvest time.
These results can help farmers to select a cultivar and harvest time that would allow them to produce mulberry leaves with superior quality. Leaves collected from mulberry plants grown in Lithuania plantations may be used as a food supplement to help meet the recommended daily intakes of some macrominerals for adults.
Dégradation du cristal violet par électro-oxydation sur électrodes de Ti/TiO2 et Ti/TrO2-RuO2 : étude de l’influence des paramètres opératoires sur l’efficacité du procédé
Authors: Diouf Ibrahima , Drogui Patrick , Diop El Hadji Moussa , Lo Sidy Mambaye , Rumeau Michel , Mar Dop Codou Guèye
Published: January 2019

Ce travail est une comparaison des capacités d’électro-oxydation du cristal violet sur des électrodes de Ti/TiO2 et Ti/IrO2-RuO2. Les résultats révèlent que le dépôt d’oxyde de métaux semi-conducteurs sur un support métallique adéquat tel que le titane permet d’améliorer l’activité électrochimique de ces électrodes. De même que l’influence des paramètres opératoires que sont la densité de courant (4,4, à 6,6 mA∙cm-2), la concentration de l’électrolyte (0,5 à 1,5 g∙L-1), la concentration initiale du colorant (2,5 x 10-5 à 10-4 M) et la surface d’électrode (4,55, 5,85 et 7,15 cm2) sur l’efficacité du traitement serait liée à la nature de l’électrode. Le suivi de la demande chimique en oxygène (DCO) au cours de l’électrolyse montre que Ti/IrO2-RuO2 possède le meilleur rendement épuratoire, puisqu’il permet d’atteindre un taux de réduction de la DCO de 92 % comparativement à un taux de 83 % enregistré dans le cas de Ti/TiO2 au bout de 2 h de traitement.
Response to comment on 'Palovarotene reduces heterotopic ossification in juvenile FOP mice but exhibits pronounced skeletal toxicity'
Authors: Goldhamer David J , Lees-Shepard John B
Published: January 2019

We respond to concerns expressed by Pacifici and Shore (2019) about a recent paper (Lees-Shepard and Goldhamer, 2018a) in which we reported that the drug palovarotene can have severe side effects in a mouse model of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Kelpie: generating full-length ‘amplicons’ from whole-metagenome datasets
Authors: Greenfield Paul , Tran-Dinh Nai , Midgley David
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Whole-metagenome sequencing can be a rich source of information about the structure and function of entire metagenomic communities, but getting accurate and reliable results from these datasets can be challenging. Analysis of these datasets is founded on the mapping of sequencing reads onto known genomic regions from known organisms, but short reads will often map equally well to multiple regions, and to multiple reference organisms. Assembling metagenomic datasets prior to mapping can generate much longer and more precisely mappable sequences but the presence of closely related organisms and highly conserved regions makes metagenomic assembly challenging, and some regions of particular interest can assemble poorly. One solution to these problems is to use specialised tools, such as Kelpie, that can accurately extract and assemble full-length sequences for defined genomic regions from whole-metagenome datasets.

Methods

Kelpie is a kMer-based tool that generates full-length amplicon-like sequences from whole-metagenome datasets. It takes a pair of primer sequences and a set of metagenomic reads, and uses a combination of kMer filtering, error correction and assembly techniques to construct sets of full-length inter-primer sequences.

Results

The effectiveness of Kelpie is demonstrated here through the extraction and assembly of full-length ribosomal marker gene regions, as this allows comparisons with conventional amplicon sequencing and published metagenomic benchmarks. The results show that the Kelpie-generated sequences and community profiles closely match those produced by amplicon sequencing, down to low abundance levels, and running Kelpie on the synthetic CAMI metagenomic benchmarking datasets shows similar high levels of both precision and recall.

Conclusions

Kelpie can be thought of as being somewhat like an in-silico PCR tool, taking a primer pair and producing the resulting ‘amplicons’ from a whole-metagenome dataset. Marker regions from the 16S rRNA gene were used here as an example because this allowed the overall accuracy of Kelpie to be evaluated through comparisons with other datasets, approaches and benchmarks. Kelpie is not limited to this application though, and can be used to extract and assemble any genomic region present in a whole metagenome dataset, as long as it is bound by a pairs of highly conserved primer sequences.
Spatial variability in soil pH and land use as the main influential factor in the red beds of the Nanxiong Basin, China
Authors: Yan Ping , Peng Hua , Yan Luobin , Zhang Shaoyun , Chen Aimin , Lin Kairong
Published: January 2019

Soil pH is the main factor affecting soil nutrient availability and chemical substances in soil. It is of great significance to study the spatial variability of soil pH for the management of soil nutrients and the prediction of soil pollution. In order to explore the causes of spatial variability in soil pH in red-bed areas, the Nanxiong Basin in south China was selected as an example, and soil pH was measured in the topsoil by nested sampling (0–20 cm depth). The spatial variability characteristics of soil pH were analyzed by geostatistics and classical statistical methods, and the main factors influencing spatial variability in soil pH are discussed. The coefficient of variation in the red-bed areas of Nanxiong Basin was 17.18%, indicating moderate variability. Geostatistical analysis showed that the spherical model is the optimal theoretical model for explaining variability in soil pH, which is influenced by both structural and random factors. Analysis of the spatial distribution and pattern showed that soil pH is relatively high in the northeast and southwest, and is lower in the northwest. These results indicate that land use patterns and topographic factors are the main and secondary influencing factors, respectively.
Extraordinary centromeres: differences in the meiotic chromosomes of two rock lizards speciesDarevskia portschinskiiandDarevskia raddei
Authors: Spangenberg Victor , Arakelyan Marine , Galoyan Eduard , Pankin Mark , Petrosyan Ruzanna , Stepanyan Ilona , Grishaeva Tatiana , Danielyan Felix , Kolomiets Oxana
Published: January 2019

According to the synthesis of 30 years of multidisciplinary studies, parthenogenetic species of rock lizards of genusDarevskiawere formed as a result of different combination patterns of interspecific hybridization of the four bisexual parental species:Darevskia raddei,D. mixta,D. valentini, andD. portschinskii. In particular,D. portschinskiiandD. raddeiare considered as the parental species for the parthenogenetic speciesD. rostombekowi. Here for the first time, we present the result of comparative immunocytochemical study of primary spermatocyte nuclei spreads from the leptotene to diplotene stages of meiotic prophase I in two species:D. portschinskiiandD. raddei. We observed similar chromosome lengths for both synaptonemal complex (SC) karyotypes as well as a similar number of crossing over sites. However, unexpected differences in the number and distribution of anti-centromere antibody (ACA) foci were detected in the SC structure of bivalents of the two species. In all examinedD. portschinskiispermatocyte nuclei, one immunostained centromere focus was detected per SC bivalent. In contrast, in almost every studiedD. raddeinuclei we identified three to nine SCs with additional immunostained ACA foci per SC bivalent. Thus, the obtained results allow us to identify species-specific karyotype features, previously not been detected using conventional mitotic chromosome analysis. Presumably the additional centromere foci are result of epigenetic chromatin modifications. We assume that this characteristic of theD. raddeikaryotype could represent useful marker for the future studies of parthenogenetic species hybrid karyotypes related toD. raddei.
MERCHANDISING OF PERSONALITY RIGHTS: A Distinctive Sign for Business Models in the Fashion Field / MERCHANDISING DE DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE: Um Sinal Distintivo para Modelos de Negócios no Ramo da Moda
Authors: Araújo Rosalina Corrêa de , Peralta Patrícia , Aime Bárbara
Published: January 2019

This introductory study aims to assess the personality rights as a distinctive sign and also the constructionof its protection in the intellectual property scope. It has been pursued to demonstrate that the merchandisingof personality rights has been evolving to become a usual business model based on the commercial exploitationof fame that its holders have, therefore, reorienting the engagement of names related to luxury fashion.
Civil responsability in beachwear: creation and branding / A responsabilidade civil na moda praia: criação e marca
Authors: Serra Vieira Patricia Ribeiro , Queiroz Anna Carolina Cazarin
Published: January 2019

With the popularization of prêt-à-porter, the fashion sector and the Law have experienced an unprecedentedlevel of proximity. The rise of fast fashion stores, whose outstanding features are high-scale production andlow prices, and the increasing competition in the sector have accentuated the need to protect the industrialand intellectual property of brands and creations. In Brazil, the exuberance of its shores has resulted in thedevelopment of beachwear, a segment that we are a worldwide reference and in which there is a landmarkcourt decision with regard to the applicability of copyright in fashion creations and compensation for damagesresulting from these activities. From a casuistic and doctrinal analysis, this academic article aims to contributeto the debates on the fashion world from the point of view of civil responsibility theory, highlighting the legalsolutions applicable to the segment and the need to take into account the specific nature of this consumermarket.
FDA Commissioner Robert Califf on Setting Guardrails for AI in Health Care
Authors: Perlis Roy , Abbasi Jennifer
Published: November 2024

This Medical News article is an interview with FDA Commissioner Robert Califf, MD, about the agency’s regulatory powers over artificial intelligence tools for use in health care and biomedicine.
Effect of Cordyceps militaris extract containing cordycepin on the adipogenesis and lipolysis of adipocytes
Authors: Kusama Kazuya , Oka Kodai , Yashiro Yumi , Yoshida Kanoko , Miyaoka Hiroaki , Tamura Kazuhiro
Published: November 2024

Obesity, a global health concern, results from an energy imbalance leading to lipid accumulation. In the present study, Cordyceps militaris extract (CM) and its primary component, cordycepin, were investigated to characterize their potential effects on adipogenesis and lipolysis. Treatment with CM or cordycepin reduced lipid droplets and increased hormone‐sensitive lipase activation in 3T3‐L1 cells. In a diabetic obese mouse model, CM and cordycepin lowered serum low‐density lipoprotein/very low‐density lipoprotein levels and reduced oxidative stress and cell senescence markers. Thus, cordycepin inhibits preadipocyte differentiation and promotes lipolysis, which may serve as a novel obesity treatment. Further studies, including clinical trials, are required to validate the clinical potential of cordycepin.
Brain lesion characteristics in Chinese multiple sclerosis patients: A 7‐T MRI cohort study
Authors: Su Lei , Zhang Zhe , Gao Chenyang , Guo Ai , Zhang Mengting , Shi Xiaoyu , Liu Xinyao , Song Tian , Xu Wangshu , Wang Huabing , Kuchling Joseph , Jing Jing , Tian De‐Cai , Liu Yaou , Duan Yunyun , Paul Friedemann , Shi Fu‐Dong
Published: November 2024

Objective

Prevalence, susceptibility genes, and clinical and radiological features may differ across different ethnic groups of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aim to characterize brain lesions in Chinese patients with MS by use of 7‐T MRI.

Methods

MS participants were enrolled from the ongoing China National Registry of Neuro‐Inflammatory Diseases (CNRID) cohort. 7‐T MRI of the brain was performed. Each lesion was evaluated according to a standardized procedure. Central vein sign (CVS) and paramagnetic rim lesions were identified. The characteristics of lesions at patient‐level and at lesion‐level from previous 7‐T MRI literature were also summarized.

Results

We included 120 MS patients. Their mean (SD) age was 34.6 (9.4) years. The female‐to‐male ratio was 1.7:1 and mean disease duration of patients with MS was 5.5 ± 6.1 years. The median EDSS score was 2 (range, 0–8). A total of 8502 lesions were identified with a median lesion count of 45 (IQR, 18–90) (range, 2–370). The median (IQR) percentage for these special locations were as follows: cortical lesions (CLs) 2.7% (0%–5.7%), juxtacortical lesions 16.2% (7.8%–25.7%), periventricular lesions 30.2% (17.2%–38.7%), and infratentorial lesions 5.8% (0.4%–11.9%). CLs occurred in 70 (58%) patients, accounting for only 443 (5%) of the total lesions. Out of the 443 CLs, 309 (69.8%) were leukocortical lesions. CVS appeared in 5392 (63%) lesions from 117 (98%) patients. 1792 (21%) lesions and 104 (87%) patients exhibited a paramagnetic rim.

Interpretation

Our study elaborated on the lesion features of Chinese patients with MS by use of 7‐T MRI. Lesion burden is heavy in Chinese patients with MS. The median lesion count and proportion of PRL are high. The reported heavy lesion burden calls for ramping up regional and global efforts to care for MS patients. The management and research of Chinese population with MS needs to be further strengthened.
Revisiting the Link Between HLA‐DRB1 Alleles and Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association of non‐Shared Epitope Alleles *09 and *15 With High Levels of Anti–Citrullinated Peptide/Protein Antibodies
Authors: Lagutkin Denis , Panaifo Luis , Nurul‐Aain Ahmad‐Fauzi , Israelsson Lena , Hansson Monika , Lundberg Karin , Alfredsson Lars , Askling Johan ,   RACI consortium, Klareskog Lars , Too Chun‐Lai , Padyukov Leonid
Published: November 2024

Objective

Autoantibodies serve as essential clinical biomarkers and may indicate etiological mechanisms in rheumatic diseases. In light of the increasing knowledge concerning the diversity and biologic implications of anti–citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPAs), we have re‐evaluated the association between the ACPA response and the HLA‐DRB1 allelic groups, known to represent a major genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

We explored a collection of 4,392 well‐characterized incident patients with RA of White European descent from the Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA) new‐onset RA study, as well as 1,199 cases of patients with RA of Southeast Asian origin from the Malaysian EIRA study. We focused on a quantitative analysis of the levels of anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide IgG antibodies, including those falling below the diagnostic threshold.

Results

Our data show that non‐shared epitope alleles HLA‐DRB1*09 and *15 exhibit significant associations with ACPA levels. Notably, these novel associations were independent of ethnicity. To validate our findings, we conducted an additional replication study in an independent pool of 4,109 patients with RA of White European origin.

Conclusion

These results indicate a new, previously overlooked, role for the HLA locus in the regulation of the levels of ACPA RA‐specific autoantibodies that goes beyond the shared epitope‐defined gene variants.
Directly Printable and Adhesive Liquid Metal Ink for Wearable Devices
Authors: Chen Wenfu , Tang Qianqiang , Zhong Weijie , Lai Mengnan , Shi Shiyang , Tan Jiqian , Luo Ziqing , Liu Xurui , Ye Zhicheng , He Rui , Jiang Fulong , Zhou Xuechang , Wang Ben
Published: November 2024

Leveraging the fluidity and excellent conductivity of liquid metal (gallium‐indium alloy), liquid metal (LM) can be utilized to manufacture flexible and stretchable electronic products for applications in soft robotics, wearable devices, and human–machine interaction. However, the high surface tension and low surface adhesion of LM hinder its patterning and high‐resolution fabrication of soft electronics. Here a recyclable LM‐silicon dioxide (LMS) ink is proposed. Under stirring, silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles are encapsulated by the oxide layer of the LM, consuming the oxide layer. Meanwhile, gallium in the LM reacts with oxygen from the air to form a new oxide layer, enhancing the adhesion of the LM to the substrate while maintaining its conductivity. The in‐situ printing of LMS ink is verified on various materials (e.g., paper, polymer, and glass) with a resolution of up to 165 µm and an exceptional conductivity of ≈6.53 × 106 S m−1. The printed patterns can be erased with an anhydrous ethanol solution, allowing the recovered LMS ink to be reused for multiple writing cycles. The general method for direct LM circuits printing can fabricate various wearable sensors for soft electronic devices and human–machine interaction.
Advanced Aerodynamics‐Driven Energy Harvesting Leveraging Galloping‐Flutter Synergy
Authors: Dong Liwei , Hu Guobiao , Tang Qian , Zhao Chaoyang , Yang Fan , Yang Yaowen
Published: November 2024

Flow‐induced vibrations (FIVs) serve as the fundamental principle of non‐rotary wind energy harvesting. However, nanogenerators relying on a single FIV effect remain constrained by insufficient breeze energy conversion efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel galloping‐flutter coupled nanogenerator (GFNG) that leverages the synergistic interaction between these two aerodynamic phenomena, to achieve high performance across broad wind speed bandwidth. A galloping‐flutter coupled mechanism (GFM) is implemented using a multifunctional flexible beam that integrates a galloping piezoelectric energy harvester (GPEH) and a fluttering triboelectric nanogenerator (FTENG). Through meticulous optimization, it significantly enhances the average electrical output of the FTENG by up to six times at low wind speeds below 6 m s−1, by intensifying the triboelectric contact behavior through galloping‐induced beam oscillations. The GFNG demonstrates a maximum average power of 6.3 mW across wind speeds from 1.4 to 10 m s−1, along with a remarkable power density of 7.1 W m−2 of the enhanced FTENG at 10 m s−1, enabling the lighting of 508 LEDs and stable power supply for wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). This study offers new insights into designing high‐performance aerodynamics‐driven nanogenerators by harnessing multiple FIV synergistic effects, broadening the potential for intelligent wind energy applications.
Ultrasound‐Responsive Carbon Monoxide Microneedle for Enhanced Healing of Infected Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Cao Lei , Liu Chuang , Mu Chuan , Li Qingqing , Wu Min , Liu Luntao , Liu Bin
Published: November 2024

Efficient management of difficult‐to‐heal diabetic wounds remains a clinical challenge owing to bacterial infections, as well as oxidative and hyperglycemic complex pathology. Therefore, developing intelligent strategies for diabetic wound healing is urgently needed. Herein, an ultrasound (US)‐responsive microneedle (MN) patch (MN@GOX@TiO2‐X@CO) capable of controlled delivery of carbon monoxide (CO) gas within the skin for effective treatment of diabetic infected wounds is developed. Benefiting from the specific form of microneedle (MN) patch, sonosensitizer (TiO2‐X), •OH‐responsive CO prodrug (MPA‐CO), and glucose oxidase (GOX) can be loaded together and effectively delivered to infectious wounds. With the semi‐fluidic hyaluronic acid (HA) coating under the physiological condition, CO could be released efficiently in situ and directly acted on infected wound tissue upon US triggering. Both in vitro and in vivo results showed that US‐triggered CO release from MN@GOX@TiO2‐X@CO not only effectively inhibited the S. aureus and MRSA infection but also promoted fibroblasts proliferation and migration under hyperglycemic physiology, thereby accelerating diabetic wound healing. Collectively, the approach effectively addresses the impaired skin regeneration function in diabetic wounds and offers a promising therapeutic strategy for the efficient healing of infected diabetic wounds.
Near‐Infrared Bioimaging Using Two‐photon Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Pragti  , Kundu Bidyut Kumar , Chen Rui , Diao Jiajie , Sun Yujie
Published: November 2024

Near‐infrared (NIR) bioimaging has emerged as a transformative technology in biomedical research. Among many fluorescent probes that are suitable for NIR imaging studies, two‐photon absorption (TPA) ones represent a particularly promising category, because TPA fluorescent probes can overcome the inherent limitations of one‐photon absorption (OPA) counterparts. By leveraging the unique properties of two‐photon absorption, TPA fluorescent probes achieve superior tissue penetration, significantly reduced photodamage, and enhanced spatial resolution. This perspective article delves into the fundamental principles, design strategies, and representative TPA probes for various imaging applications. In particular, a number of molecular fluorescent probes, ranging from organic, inorganic, and COF/MOF‐based systems are highlighted to showcase the vast scope of possible TPA probe design and application scenarios. In addition, the employment of stimulated TPA probes that are responsive to different external factors, including pH, redox species, enzymes, and hypoxia, is also discussed. In the end, the future perspectives for the continuous advancement of TPA fluorescent probes in the NIR bioimaging field are presented. For instance, it is essential to transition from cellular to in vivo imaging studies to obtain more physiologically relevant insights. Additionally, the development of “dual‐function” TPA probes for both disease diagnosis and therapeutic treatment is particularly promising.
Efficient PFAS Removal Using Reusable and Non‐Toxic 3D Printed Porous Trianglamine Hydrogels
Authors: Chaix Arnaud , Gomri Chaimaa , Benkhaled Belkacem Tarek , Habib Michel , Dupuis Romain , Petit Eddy , Richard Jason , Segala Antonin , Lichon Laure , Nguyen Christophe , Gary‐Bobo Magali , Blanquer Sébastien , Semsarilar Mona
Published: November 2024

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are now a paramount concern in water remediation. Nowadays, urgent action is required for the development of advanced technologies aimed at capturing PFAS and mitigating their impact. To offer a solution, a functional 3D printed hydrogel tailored is designed to trap a broad spectrum of PFAS contaminants. The hydrogel is made of a photo‐crosslinked dimethacrylate‐ureido‐trianglamine (DMU‐Δ) and Pluronic P123 dimethacrylate (PDM) fabricated by stereolithography (SLA). With the aid of 3D‐printing, porous and nonporous hydrogels (3D‐PSHΔ, 3D‐SHΔ) as well as quaternized hydrogels (3D‐PSHΔQ+) are prepared. These tailored hydrogels, show high uptake capacities and fast removal kinetics for PFAS from aqueous sources. The PFAS removal efficiency of these hydrogels are then compared to P123 hydrogels with no trianglamine (3D‐SH). The 3D‐SH hydrogel shows no affinity to PFAS, proving that the sorption is due to the interaction between the trianglamine (Δ) and PFAS. Metadynamic simulations also confirmed this interaction. The porous matrices showed the fastest and highest uptake capacity. 3D‐PSHΔ is able to capture ≈ 91% of PFAS within 5 h using initial concentrations of 5 and 0.5 ppm in both deionized and river water. The sorption of PFAS is further enhanced by introducing permanent positive charges to the structure of the porous hydrogels, resulting in even faster sorption kinetics for both long and short PFAS chains with diverse polar heads. Besides the remarkable efficiency in capturing PFAS, these designed hydrogels are non‐toxic and have outstanding chemical and thermal stability, making them a brilliant candidate for mass use in the combat against PFAS pollution.
Upper Layer‐Modulated Pseudo Planar Heterojunction with Metal Complex Acceptor for Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Luo Dou , Zhang Lifu , Zeng Jie , Zhang Hongyang , Li Lanqing , Dai Tingting , Xu Baomin , Zhou Erjun , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Chen Yiwang , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: November 2024

Modulating self‐aggregation and charge transport in the upper acceptor layer of the pseudo planar heterojunction (PPHJ) is crucial for enhancing dielectric constant and suppressing trap density, leading to efficient and stable organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In this work, a metal complex acceptor (MCA), PtAC‐Cl, is selectively incorporated into the upper host Y6 layer of PPHJ to regulate morphology and fill trap states. There exists a strong chemical interaction between PtAC‐Cl and Y6, which can promote electron transfer. PtAC‐Cl can regulate the self‐aggregation and extend the exciton diffusion length of Y6, resulting in enhanced charge transport and reduced energetic disorder. Consequently, upper layer‐modulated PPHJ devices with PtAC‐Cl achieved a significant power conversion efficiency of 18.16%. The universality of PtAC‐Cl is also demonstrated in PM6/eC9 and PM6/L8‐BO systems, achieving the highest PCEs of 18.79 and 19.30%, respectively. All the improved PCEs are mainly attributed to the enhanced fill factor (FF) and short circuit current (Jsc) compared with the controls. Additionally, PtAC‐Cl significantly improves the thermal stability and photostability of the devices, with a T80 lifetime of ≈ 401 h under continuous illumination with simulated 1‐Sun light and 1265 h under continuous heating at 70 °C. Overall, this work introduces the concept of MCA and proposes a practical and efficient method to enhance the efficiency and stability of OPVs through selective upper‐layer modulation in PPHJ with MCA.
Dual‐Function Self‐Assembled Molecules as Hole‐Transport Layers for Thermally Evaporated High‐Efficiency Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Ben , Peng Chencheng , Guo Runda , He Zhiyuan , Sun Liang , Zhang Feihu , He Xiping , Zeng Haibo , Wang Lei
Published: November 2024

Thermally evaporated perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) hold immense potential for future applications in the display industry. However, the performance of blue PeLEDs is far behind, one of the most important reasons is the lack of suitable hole‐transporting materials. Herein, the study designs and synthesizes a new class of self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) materials, namely, (2‐(3,6‐bis(4‐formylphenyl)‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (C‐2PACz) and (2‐(3,6‐bis(4‐(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (S‐2PACz). First, the phosphonic acid is induced to form bidentate bonds with ITO. Second, the strong electron‐withdrawing groups are integrated to increase the electron cloud density of the termini contacting with perovskite, which enhances the electrostatic interaction with the Pb2+, reduces the interfacial defects. These advantages improve their carrier transport ability and reduce the non‐radiative recombination at the interface. Meanwhile, it is found that compound C‐2PACz possessing the smaller steric hindrance makes the SAMs have a more homogeneous film and a better interfacial passivation effect. By employing C‐2PACz as hole‐transporting layer in blue PeLEDs with metal halides as the emitting layer, the device exhibits a high brightness (1843 cd m−2) and a maximum external quantum efficiency (10.41% @65.59 cd m−2), which among the best of reported thermally evaporated sky‐blue PeLEDs. The work provides new insights into design strategies for dual‐function SAMs to achieve higher performance in PeLEDs.
High Thermal Conductive Crystalline Organohalide for Endurable Resistive Switching Non‐Volatile Memory
Authors: Lee Joo‐Hong , Jung Sung‐Kwang , Kim Gimoon , Park Ji‐Sang , Park Keonwoo , Yang Cheol‐Woong , Lee Jin‐Wook
Published: November 2024

The organic‐based memristive devices are widely studied as a next‐generation electronics for eco‐friendly wearable applications, thanks to materials` flexibility and biocompatibility. However, poor operational reliability and stability of the devices remain a critical challenge. Here, the study demonstrates a crystalline organohalide, Dabconium ammonium triiodide (DABCO‐NH4‐I3, DABCO is 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octonium)‐based memristive device with exceptionally high reliability and endurance. Owing to the low dielectric constant and anisotropic hexagonal crystal structure consisting of hydrogen bonds with a high bandgap, the DABCO‐NH4‐I3‐based conductive bridging random access memory device demonstrates millivolt‐scale operating voltages with a remarkably high on/off ratio of ≈109, capable of multi‐level storage. The relatively higher thermal conductivity of the crystalline organohalide (1.06 W m−1K−1), compared to most of organic materials (0.1–0.5 W m−1K−1), is found to be beneficial to suppress intense heat accumulation generated by Joule heating effect during device operation. With the facilitated dissipation of the generated heat, the simple planar heterojunction structured device shows remarkably endurable resistive switching over 103 cycles of program‐erase at both room temperature and 85 °C with high switching reliability. This study introduced a new class of materials that can overcome the limitations of existing organic materials for high‐performance next‐generation organic electronic devices.
Atomic‐Scale Insights Into the Thermal Stability of High‐Entropy Nanoalloys
Authors: Krouna Syrine , Acheche Anissa , Wang Guillaume , Pena Nathaly Ortiz , Gatti Riccardo , Ricolleau Christian , Amara Hakim , Nelayah Jaysen , Alloyeau Damien
Published: November 2024

High entropy alloy nanoparticles bring hope to developing more efficient nanomaterials for high‐temperature applications. Nevertheless, the enhanced thermal stability of nearly equiatomic nanoalloys containing at least 5 metals is nothing more than theoretical speculation about the impact of thermodynamic contributions on their structural properties and remains to be proven. Here, in situ aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and molecular dynamics simulations are combined to investigate at the atomic scale the thermal behavior of AuCoCuNiPt nanoparticles (NPs) from 298 to 973 K. Both in situ STEM heating and atomistic simulations reveal strong structural and chemical evolutions in the NPs with the formation and melting of an AuCu layer at the surface of NPs at high temperature. This phase separation that appears progressively with temperature is driven by pronounced atomic diffusion that is surprisingly more active in these quinary nanoalloys than in monometallic and bimetallic subsystems. Besides ruling out the existence of sluggish diffusion in AuCoCuNiPt nanoalloys and lowering their temperature range of application, the study allows distinguishing kinetic and thermodynamic effects on their structural properties, which is an essential prerequisite to better control the synthesis of complex nanomaterials.