bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
数字化测绘技术在工程测量中的应用探析
Authors: 王 佳琦 , 邵 芳萍
Published: March 2020

随着工程项目要求的提升以及建设环境的复杂化,传统的工程测量技术已经不再适用,数字化测绘技术在我国科技的支持下应运而生,并在工程测量中发挥了越来越重要的作用。数字化测绘技术有着一定的技术优势,能够利用较短的测量时间达到较好的测绘效果,因此,数字化测绘技术在工程测量中得到了广泛应用。
试论高层建筑装饰幕墙施工中的吊篮安全管理策略
Authors: 罗 世章
Published: March 2020

幕墙施工中,吊篮是十分常见的工作平台,在高层建筑幕墙安装施工中尤为常见。而吊篮安全管理会一定程度的影响工程施工效率,因此有必要结合工程施工的基本要求,采取有效措施加强吊篮安全管理。
黑色路面病害处置新方法
Authors: 姜 树志
Published: March 2020

黑色路面即沥青路面,由于其具有可以快速开发交通,有利于分期铺设,路面种类变化多,适应于各种使用条件以及维修简便等优点,因而获得越来越广泛的应用。本文对黑色路面病害处置方法进行探析。
如何“打破”红线范围,结合红线内外因地制宜进行海绵城市设计——以“冰雪之星”项目为例
Authors: 刘 海龙
Published: March 2020

“冰雪之星”地块位于上海市浦东新区临港地区,属于临港地区开发的核心,海绵化设计具有十分重要的意义,本项目硬化面积较大,绿化面积较少,综合径流系数较高,可用于布置绿色海绵设施的绿地面积远不足海绵调蓄量计算下的海绵设施面积,因此海绵设计需寻求突破。项目结合了地块红线外西侧杞青路边约20米宽城市绿化带共同进行海绵城市设计,在红线外20米宽绿化带内布置有生态湿塘,以沟渠等方式将项目地块径流雨水排至湿塘内调蓄处理,达到雨水净化目的,实现海绵设计控制指标。本项目海绵城市设计运用容积法计算出径流控制总量,划分了26个汇水分区,并在每个汇水分区布置了不同的海绵设施。通过设置植草沟、雨水花园、生态湿塘,下凹式绿地等海绵设施控制场地的径流雨量,实现雨水的“渗、滞、蓄、净、用、排”。
室内环境检测的常见问题分析和防治措施
Authors: 李 群华
Published: March 2020

伴随着我国综合国力的不断提高,我国的经济发展水平也快速增长,人民群众对物质生活越来越重视,也提出了更多更高的要求。室内环境是和人民群众的身体健康直接挂钩的,决定了人民的居家环境和生活质量。在这种情况下,室内环境检测便逐渐出现在社会大众的眼球中。但是由于室内环境检测是近些年来才发展起来的新兴行业,进入大众眼球的时间不长,所以在进行实际检测的过程中有很多不可避免的问题。我们针对室内环境检测的关键性进行分析,从我国目前社会中室内环境检测可能出现的一些常见问题进行研究,在这个基础上提出对室内环境检测行之有效的改进措施。
解析信息时代下的城市规划设计
Authors: 韩 桂妹
Published: March 2020

信息技术为城市规划设计提供了信息来源,同时,也使城市规划设计内容更加全面化,多层次。本文介绍了城市规划设计中的核心信息技术,如互联网技术、物联网技术、云计算技术与大数据技术等,探究了信息技术在交通运输规划、住宅区规划、城镇协调规划与城市内部空间规划方面的应用形式,最后提出切实可行的创新发展策略。
To Build the City on Temporary Success
Authors: Velkavrh Zala , Korenjak Alenka , Otorepec Klara , Cvetko Maša
Published: March 2020

Some urban spaces are more dynamic than others. While the city centre, suburban areas and consumption spaces are rapidly changing and re-shaping, other parts of our cities seem to be stuck in time, in a permanent standstill. Such areas include stagnant construction sites, green areas and public squares in old housing estates and many forgotten, marginal public spaces scattered across the city. Conventional planning tools might be too slow, too weak or too broad to revitalise such spaces. We propose a different, interventionist approach. Temporary interventions have the power to change the planning process, involve more people and require less time.
Changing Faces Competition. Mobilizing Citizens to Reclaim Public Spaces in Nairobi
Authors: Tehlova Anna
Published: March 2020

Statistics show that urban green public spaces deteriorate globally. In African cities, where the urbanization rates are the highest in the world, public spaces quickly disappear under layers of garbage or are grabbed. For public authorities having to deal with other pressing socio-economic challenges in the context of outdated regulations, insufficient capacity and resources and wide-spread corruption, public spaces are not a priority. However, the research worldwide has demonstrated the potential of public spaces to become the key catalyst of socio-economic growth given their environmental, economic and social benefits that are however largely ignored by public authorities and the general public in African cities. This article suggests a citizen-driven public space upgrading movement can address these challenges and presents a gamification approach for citizen mobilization and raising awareness: The Changing Faces Competition that has been piloted by Nairobi-based organizations Dandora Transformation League and Public Space Network.
Activating the Publicscape. The case of Urban Gorillas
Authors: Antoniou Veronika , Carraz René , Hadjichristou Yiorgos , Tourvas Teresa
Published: March 2020

Urban Gorillas, a Cyprus based NGO, emerged at the aftermath of the 2013 socio-economic crisis where the notion of publicness was deeply shaken. A cross-examination of the public sphere has led the team to coin the term publicscape and identify working methodologies within this context. Urban Gorillas took on the role of a catalyst between underused public spaces and the society’s uneasy relationship with the notion of publicness. The work, spontaneous in nature, temporarily transforms spaces while creating permanent human networks. The recurring temporariness that characterises the actions revokes activism in the social structure, revitalising physical spaces and inspiring an urban culture of participation.
"The Patterns of Displacement”. From “I AM NOT FROM EAST OR WEST… MY PLACE IS PLACELESS" Series
Authors: Anwar Rushdi
Published: March 2020

“The Patterns of Displacement” from “I AM NOT FROM EAST OR WEST… MY PLACE IS PLACELESS" Series is an immersive social installation realized with the community of Arbat Refugee Camp, in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Focusing on the plight of its youth, this ‘tent’ reveals the names of over 280 children whose identities are largely writ invisible, within a political landscape of ongoing international calamity. As an artwork of testimony, its nature (components in pieces that are put back together randomly each time it is displayed) is representative of a collective cultural body (refugees) with little control over their fate and mobility, reduced to a statistic. Rushdi Anwar reveals the dehumanizing reality of these people, his artwork a beacon of hope in increasing awareness of their fragile existence.
The Making of ‘Good’ Mirrors: Art and Activism in Public Space
Authors: Haines Jody
Published: March 2020

This article, The Making of ‘Good’ Mirrors: Art and Activism in Public Space, discusses the Feminist and Indigenous methods I apply to co-created collaborative and relational portraiture projects expressly created for public space and semi-public space and how they act as art and activism. The discussed projects, created using still and moving image, work in resistance to the problem of the gendered aesthetic within the Australian context through the applied making methods within a social studio, the politics of representation and the public placement of the project’s products. Discussed projects include #IAMWOMAN (2017-current), Women Dreaming (2018) and Flipping the Script (2018).
Cruising Place. The Placemaking Practices of Men who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Bezemes John
Published: March 2020

There is a fundamental belief in placemaking practice that place is a reflection of people - their memories, values, culture, and socio-spatial traditions – and that successful placemaking is the manifestation of these traditions in public policy, public space, and ultimately public life. As placemaking professionals, we work to advocate for, facilitate, and operationalize placemaking practices of the people and communities we work with. An essential part of this effort is recognition that effective placemaking involves collaboration between specialists and community stakeholders and this sentiment is expressed by institutions on the forefront of our professional and academic discourse. Placemaking professionals also place an emphasis on activating space through programmatic intervention, guided by the belief that the most effective way to generate value in public space is to create a reason or excuse for people to be there by encouraging activity, particularly economic, but also communal, political, and cultural activity. The ongoing operationalization, sanitization, and commoditization of place inevitably results in the undermining of marginal placemaking practices, especially if they subvert our definition of a “good place.” Placemaking professionals have the ability – the obligation - to cultivate a broader, more inclusive concept of place. This paper is an analysis of the social, spatial, and historical forces that have given rise to one particular form of unsanctioned placemaking practice - the activity of “cruising for sex” in public parks by men who have sex with men (MSM).
ENERGY EFFICIENT NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION TECHNOLOGIES IN LOW-TONNAGE PLANTS: UKRAINE’S PROSPECTS
Authors: Zhuk H.V. , Pyatnichko O.I. , Onopa L.R. , Ivanov Yu.V.
Published: March 2020

Along with the growth of natural gas consumption in the world, small-scale production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is developing at a faster pace. It opens up the possibility of LNG obtaining and transporting as a commodity product at remote from gas networks fields or wells, and also at low-production wells and alternative sources of methane-containing gas. The development of modern technologies for natural gas liquefaction has been studied and the liquefaction cycles used in the low-tonnage scale have been classified. In Ukraine, rather large reserves of natural gas are found in small as well as depleted fields, so the problem of energy efficient technologies for liquefaction and transportation of their hydrocarbon resources creating is of particular relevance. For the development of such low-resource fields, liquefaction units operating on the compression-throttle cycle are most suitable. Energy efficient technological schemes of natural gas liquefaction plants have been developed: in the high-pressure throttle-ejector cycle with pre-cooling using a propane refrigerating machine and in the middle-pressure throttle cycle with ethane refrigeration cycle and the recovery of part of the liquefied gas. Optimum parameters of the refrigeration cycle and the whole plant are obtained from the point of view of minimizing the specific energy costs. The advantages of the proposed throttle schemes are simplicity, reliability, that are results from the use of standard compressor and refrigeration equipment, and energy efficiency of 0.5 kWh/kg LNG, which is sufficiently high for low-tonnage LNG production. Ref. 20, Fig. 6, Tab.1.
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED DISTRICT HEATING WITH LOCAL HEAT SOURCE FOR DISTRICT HOT WATER
Authors: Nikitin Ye.Ye. , Dutka O.V.
Published: March 2020

The scheme of combined district heating systems is used, in which centralized heating is used for heating and local heat source is used for hot water supply. A mathematical model has been developed that allows to perform a comparative analysis of the technical and economic characteristics of two scenarios of modernization of the heat supply system: replacement of boilers, heat networks and pumps while using the traditional hot water supply scheme, and replacement of these elements in combination with the installation of a local hot water supply source that provides the hot water supply. hot water by means of a local heat network whose length is substantially smaller than the existing one. Electric heaters and solar collectors with electric heating are proposed as local heat sources. The advantages of combined district heating schemes on the planning horizon of 10 years are shown. The analysis of the influence of various factors on the advantage of the combined scheme of district heating is performed. The developed model can be used for preparation of feasibility studies of projects of energy efficient modernization of district heating systems. Ref. 4, Fig. 7, Tab. 1.
DESALINATION OF CHLORIDE-SULFATE BRACKISH WATER WITH AN ELECTRODIALYZER WITH IMPROVED DESIGN
Authors: Deremeshko L.A. , Balakina M.M. , Seminska O.O. , Кucheruk D.D. , Goncharuk V.V.
Published: March 2020

It has been studied that the process of desalination and preconcentration of imitates of brackish chloride-sulfate water with electrodialyzer with improved designs provides high efficiency: it was found that at a current density of 1.0 A/dm2 for 63–105 min, simulate with an initial concentration of NaCl of 4.3 can be desalted — 8.6 g/dm3 to a chloride-water content below the MPC level in drinking water while concentrating brines to110.7–135.8 g/dm3. When SO42– ions are introduced into the initial solution, a decrease in the content of Cl– ions and an increase in the content of SO42– ions in the dilute are observed due to the intensification of the competing transfer of the latter through the ion-exchange membrane. In this regard, in order to achieve the MPC of these ions in drinking water, the duration of the electrodialysis process should be increased. Ref. 12, Fig. 3, Tab. 2.
Pesticide Residues In Pond Water Samples From Coastal Area Of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin M Amin , Chowdhury MAZ , Rahman MA , Rashid MH , Alam MK
Published: March 2020

Water samples collected from twenty five ponds of coastal area were analyzed by HPLC for the presence of organophosphorus, pyrethroid and carbamate pesticide residues. The results reflected slight contamination of some of the water samples with residues of diazinon, chlorpyriphos (organophosphorus insecticide), carbaryl and carbofuran (carbamate insecticide). The concentration of diazinon and chlorpyriphos ranged from 2.31 jig/L to 5.60 pg/L and 0.0 to 3.80 pg/L respectively. Among carbamate pesticides, carbofuran identified in two samples, ranging from 1.40 to 3.71pg/L, carbaryl was detected in two of the samples which ranged from 1.32 to 6.40pg/L, and pyrethroid (cypermethrin) was not detected in any of the samples. However, the residue level was also within the acceptable ranges according to the WHO guideline value (1993) of water quality. But, its presence in surface water as WHO-recommended limits is a matter of concern. In Bangladesh consumption ofpes::c.Jcs has been increased with the introduction of high yielding varieties of rice in recent years But. the widei> cultivated high yielding variety is highly vulnerable to pests and diseases, and 40; : of the crop loss can be attributed to attack by pests and insects in Bangladesh which is a significant loss (Bagchi, et al. 2008). So, the use of pesticide is now an integral part of agriculture for pest control. More than 100 species of insects, 600 weed species. 1500 plant diseases and 1500 species of nematodes are being controlled by pesticide (Brady 1990). As a result, the production of improved variety of rice has significantly increased in recent years. Although pesticide is beneficial for pest control, it also poses a harmful effect to our environment such as the pollution of surface and ground water. After application of pesticide in the crop field it is degraded in the soil by the soil microorganism to some extent but many of the toxic pesticides are transported into surface and ground water by agricultural run off rain water from the crop field. Ultimately, the surface and ground water may be highly contaminated due to this agricultural run off pesticide (Bagchi, et al. 2008).

Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 319-323, December 2014
Patient Safety is the Priority for Quality Health Care
Authors: Afroza Syeda
Published: March 2020

Abstract not available

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(1): 1-2
Knowledge and Practices of Doctors About Patient Safety Working at Primary and Secondary Level Health Care Facilities in Bangladesh
Authors: Talukdera MHK , Nazneen Rumana , SA S ABDULLA
Published: March 2020

Aim: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted with an objective to evaluate the views of doctors regarding knowledge and practices about patient safety working at primary and secondary level health care facilities in Bangladesh.

Methods: Study period was from August 2016 to December 2016. Multistage, convenience sampling was done . Sample size was 550. Self administered semi structured questionnaire was used for data collection after pre testing. Data was collected by principle investigator , co-investigator & data collectors. Data was also collected by sending questionnaire by postage followed by a focal group discussion.

Results: Result showed 70 % were male and 57% were primary level medical officers. 44.9% understands patients safety. 51.1% understands medical errors . 37.5% agreed that less duty hours will reduce medical errors . 62% strongly agreed that Learning about patient safety will enhance competency. 44.5% agreed that undergraduate course prepared them to ensure patient safety. 37.5 % agreed that they learned about medical errors during their undergraduate course. 40.6% stated that they were assigned to perform the tasks for which they were not trained competently, 34% said that they were assigned to perform the tasks which could have resulted easily in medical errors . Most of the respondents strongly agreed that teaching about patient safety should be an important priority. 46% stated that these should be in clinical teaching and 40% stated the same to be in bed side teaching . 24% stated that there were not enough topics in the existing curriculum regarding patient safety. 46% confessed that they made medical errors during their practices. 33% stated that they want patient safety education in their professional practice, 76.9% strongly agreed that patient safety is an important issue in their professional practices and 44% sensitizes their colleagues about patient safety to learn & practices. 54.7% stated that they did not have error reporting system/ death review/ medical audit in their hospital, 89.7% did not have attended any training on patient safety . 90% thought that training on patient safety is essential for doctors 67.2% respondents opined that there should be a competent organization / body who can take care of patient safety & medical errors in Bangladesh.

Conclusion: The study reflects that many primary level medical officers do not understand patients safety and medical errors. The study also showed that most of them has a positive attitude torwards patient safety. Study recommended that doctors serving at primary and secondary level healthcare facilities to be oriented/ trained on different aspects of patient safety

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(1): 5-11
The Small-Scale Dairy Value Chain Analysis: Challenges And Opportunities For Dairy Development In Mymensingh District Of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman H , Happy FA , Efan AH , Hera MHR
Published: March 2020

This study examined the prevailing dairy value chain based on primary data collected from 70 small-scale milk producers of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The total cost and net return per month per cow were Tk. 4024.30 and Tk. 3165.70, respectively. The net value additions of Tk. 2091.42, Tk. 495.00, Tk. 655.00, Tk. 503.25, Tk. 309.70 were estimated for milk producers, collectors, Faria, Bepari and retailers respectively. Different actors spent highest marketing cost ranged from Tk.49 to Tk.80 for transportation compared to other marketing functions. Actors mostly dependent on the on-going market prices for setting price of milk in the value chain. A value chain map was developed showing the relationships and linkages among value chain actors of small-scale dairy. The study identified some critical factors for successful dairy marketing. The factors were understanding consumer behaviour, technology and transportation, improved business relationships, reduced transaction costs, and improved information flow, and organized market structure. Milk producer’s share in consumers’ price was highest for channel- I followed by channel- V. Expensive, inadequate, low quality feed, lack of grazing land, green grass, inadequate capital, knowledge about cost of production, weak extension services, high fees and unavailability of veterinary doctors, were some of the major problems of milk producers. Supply of adequate feed at subsidized price, ensuring easy access to institutional credit at a lower interest rate, adequate medicine and veterinary services, allocation of khas land for producing fodder/grass, were suggested to solve the problems.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 213-226 (2019)
Urine Diversion Dry Toilet: A Narrative Review on Gaps and Problems and its Transformation
Authors: Devkota Govinda Prasad , Pandey Manoj K. , Maharjan Shyam Krishna
Published: March 2020

This review paper highlights the gaps and problems on source separation of human excreta; implementing and adopting human urine as nutrients for agriculture. The objective of the paper is to appraise the historical context behind the promotion of Urine Diversion Dry Toilet/Eco-san toilet and its relevance in rural Nepalese context. Moreover, it highlights the experiences regarding agricultural perspectives and livelihood by applying human urine as a fertilizer. Furthermore, it helps to understand and analyze the major issues, gaps and problems in acceptance and use of human excreta in Nepalese context for scaling up of its application and its transformation through school education system. Database search based on ‘Free text term’ or key word search was the strategy used to map of all relevant articles from multiple databases; Medline (1987-2018), MeSH (2005-2018), CINAHL (1998-2018) and OvidMedline (1992-2019). For each the outputs were downloaded into RefWorks databases. Specifically, this paper focuses on urine diversion to demonstrate its potential to elegantly separate and collect as nutrients and desire to control pathogens and micro-pollutants help in sanitation. It is recommended that an urgent need to participate community people and school children to disseminate users’ perceptions, attitudes and behaviour concerning the urine diversion toilets.
Review of Aluminum Foam Applications in Architecture
Authors: Farhadi Sasan , Kafili Dorsa , Ziadloo Shervin
Published: March 2020

The application of aluminum foam materials is increasing rapidly due to the high demand during the last decades. This research presents an overview of the characteristics and architectural applications of aluminum foam materials. Moreover, it represents the most relevant properties, in particular, physical and mechanical aspects and figures out the prospects and growth rate of these materials in architectures by considering the economic benefits. Besides, based on these specific characterizations, the most valuable applications along with advantageous in architectural works are discussed.
Safety on Heavily Trafficked Urban Motorways in Relation to Traffic State
Authors: Hovenden Elizabeth , Zurlinden Hendrik , Gaffney John
Published: March 2020

Motorways represent seven per cent of the urban arterial road network in Melbourne yet carry 40 per cent of the urban arterial road travel in terms of vehicle kilometres travelled and this percentage is growing. The number of casualty crashes on metropolitan Melbourne motorways has increased over the decade at a faster rate than on other urban roads in metropolitan Melbourne. Police crash reports more often attribute crash cause to traffic conditions and vehicle interactions rather than infrastructure. As urban motorways are generally built to the highest standards, a new way of looking at motorway safety is needed. This led to the formulation of a hypothesis that the dynamics of the traffic flow are a significant contributor to casualty crashes on urban motorways. To test this hypothesis, in-depth analysis was undertaken on metropolitan Melbourne motorways. Crash data was linked to traffic data including vehicle occupancy (a proxy measure for density), vehicle speed and flow. Occupancy was used to categorise the ‘traffic states’ ranging from free flow to flow breakdown (congestion). Applying a Chi Square Goodness of Fit Test to the linked showed a statistically significant association between traffic state and crashes, with a higher than expected crashes in the traffic states where flow breakdown is relatively certain or has occurred. The results of this analysis can be used to improve safety on urban motorways through the development of Intelligent Transport System strategies to keep the motorway operating at conditions that minimise flow breakdown risk.
Perancangan Aplikasi Media Interaktif berbasis Mobile sebagai Pengenalan Artefak Museum
Authors: Putera I Kadek Aridena , Ardyanti Anak Agung Ayu Putri , Fredlina Ketut Queena , Sujarwo Wawan , Satwika I Putu , Pharmawati Made
Published: March 2020

AbstrakMuseum merupakan tempat untuk melihat informasi, koleksi benda, dan peristiwa-peristiwa dari masa lalu. Museum Panca Yadnya menjadi salah satu museum yang menyimpan artefak kebudayaan di Bali. Saat ini museum tidak dibuka untuk umum karena masih minimnya petugas yang berjaga. Sehingga perlu adanya akses informasi bagi masyarakat umum agar mengetahui koleksi artefak yang ada di museum mengingat pentingnya nilai artefak yang dimiliki museum Panca Yadnya. Melalui pemanfaatan teknologi dengan perancangan aplikasi media interaktif, informasi tentang museum dan koleksinya tetap dapat diakses oleh masyarakat dengan lebih mudah dan lebih menyenangkan. Pembuatan aplikasi dilakukan menggunakan Construct 2 dan dirancang menggunakan metode pengembangan multimedia Luther-Sutopo dengan tambahan tahap maintenance. Aplikasi dibuat dalam bentuk media interaktif yang berguna untuk menampilkan dan memberikan penjelasan tentang informasi dari koleksi yang terdapat pada museum dengan lisan maupun tulisan melalui smartphone. Sampai dengan tahap akhir, aplikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik dan mampu memberikan informasi sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Kata Kunci: aplikasi, artefak, media interaktif, museum AbstractA museum is a place to see a piece of information, a collection of valuable objects,   and past events. The Panca Yadnya Museum is one of the museums that store cultural artifacts in Bali. At the moment, the museum is not open to the public due to the lack of officers on duty, so it needs information access to the public so that the public could recognize the artifact collection on the museum, considering the important value of the artifact owned by the Panca Yadnya museum. By utilization technology with design application interactive media, information about the museum and the collection could still be accessed by the public more easily and more enjoyable. The build of an application is done by using Construct 2 and designed using the multimedia Luther-Sutopo method with the additional maintenance step. Application is made in the form of interactive media that is useful for displaying and providing explanations about information from collections that were contained in the museum using verbal nor writing via smartphone. Until the final step, the application can run well and be able to provide information as expected.  Keywords: application, artifact, interactive media, museum
Dekonstruksi Representasi Perempuan pada Poster Film Pahlawan Super Produksi Hollywood
Authors: Sutanto Shienny Megawati
Published: March 2020

AbstrakDekonstruksi representasi perempuan dalam film, sebagai bentuk ekspresi sosial budaya, merupakan sebuah upaya untuk membongkar tradisi yang didominasi nilai-nilai patriaki baik yang digambarkan secara terang-terangan maupun tersamar. Tujuan dari upaya tersebut untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana hegemoni dari nilai patriarki yang selalu menempatkan perempuan pada posisi marginal, dieksploitasi, dan diobjekkan oleh laki-laki. Beberapa perilaku perempuan dalam film direpresentasikan untuk dikonstruksikan secara normatif oleh masyarakat daripada perilaku lainnya. Representasi perempuan dalam film bergenre superhero baru mengalami perbaikan sejak akhir dekade lalu. Superhero perempuan mulai ditampilkan karakternya dan direpresentasikan sebagai individu yang mandiri berkepribadian kuat, mereka memiliki impian, cita-cita dan keinginan sendiri yang tidak berhubungan dengan menjadi objek afeksi karakter laki-laki. Cerita dan penokohan dalam film terefleksikan jelas pada visualisasi karakter dan materi promosi film berupa poster. Kata Kunci: dekonstruksi patriarki, gender, semiotik, film Hollywood, poster  AbstractThe deconstruction of the representation of women in film, as a form of socio-cultural expression, is an attempt to dismantle traditions that are dominated by patriarchal values either explicitly or disguised. The purpose of these efforts is to show the hegemony of patriarchal value that always puts women in a marginal position, exploited and objectified by men. Some women's behaviors in the film represented to construed normatively by society instead of other attitudes. Representation of woman characters in the superhero film genre started to improve since the last decade. Female superheroes begin showing character and represented as independent individuals strong personalities, have dreams, have goals, have desires of their own that are unrelated to become the object of affection of a male character. Stories and characterizations in films are cleary reflected in the visualization of the characters and promotional material in the form of posters. Keywords:  gender, Hollywood movie, patriarchy deconstruction, poster, semiotic
Breaking the self
Authors: Wiese Wanja
Published: March 2020

Are there logically possible types of conscious experience that are nomologically impossible, given independently justified assumptions about the neural underpinnings of consciousness in human beings? In one sense, this is trivial: just consider the fact that the types of perceptual experiences we can have are limited by our sensory organs. But there may be non-trivial types of conscious experience that are impossible. For instance, if there is a basic type of self-consciousness, corresponding to a phenomenal property that is nomologically necessary for consciousness, then experiences lacking this phenomenal property will be (nomologically) impossible. More generally, it may be that there are causal dependencies between the neural mechanisms that are required to instantiate distinct phenomenal properties (in human beings). If this is the case, instantiating one of these phenomenal properties without certain others may be impossible, which means there are non-trivial cases of nomologically impossible types of conscious experience. This paper clarifies this hypothesis, outlines a general methodology for its investigation, and relates it to research on radical disruptions of self-consciousness.
Endogeneity of the elasticities and the real exchange rate in a balance of payments constrained growth model: cross-country empirical evidence
Authors: Campos Renato S. , Gonzaga Jayme Jr. Frederico , Britto Gustavo
Published: March 2020

Balance of payments constrained growth models are notable for their longevity. This is especially true for the case of Thirlwall’s Law, which defines that a country’s sustainable growth rate is given by the ratio between the income elasticity of exports and that of imports. In light of this, the current paper explores the hypothesis that the income elasticities of this type of models are endogenous. The debate on the latter is resurgent in the literature.  The results provide evidence that the ratio is, indeed, exogenous, and that the level of the real exchange rate influences economic growth as it determines such ratio. In other words, the real exchange rate is important for improving non-price competitiveness without, however, making the ratio between elasticities endogenous.
A GMC Oxidoreductase GmcA Is Required for Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae
Authors: Zou Qian , Luo Sha , Wu Hetao , He Donglan , Li Xiaohua , Cheng Guojun
Published: March 2020

GmcA is a FAD-containing enzyme belonging to the GMC (glucose-methanol-choline oxidase) family of oxidoreductases. A mutation in the Rhizobium leguminosarum gmcA gene was generated by homologous recombination. The mutation in gmcA did not affect the growth of R. leguminosarum, but it displayed decreased antioxidative capacity at H2O2 conditions higher than 5 mM. The gmcA mutant strain displayed no difference of glutathione reductase activity, but significantly lower level of the glutathione peroxidase activity than the wild type. Although the gmcA mutant was able to induce the formation of nodules, the symbiotic ability was severely impaired, which led to an abnormal nodulation phenotype coupled to a 30% reduction in the nitrogen fixation capacity. The observation on ultrastructure of 4-week pea nodules showed that the mutant bacteroids tended to start senescence earlier and accumulate poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules. In addition, the gmcA mutant was severely impaired in rhizosphere colonization. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the gmcA gene expression was significantly up-regulated in all the detected stages of nodule development, and statistically significant decreases in the expression of the redoxin genes katG, katE, and ohrB were found in gmcA mutant bacteroids. LC-MS/MS analysis quantitative proteomics techniques were employed to compare differential gmcA mutant root bacteroids in response to the wild type infection. Sixty differentially expressed proteins were identified including 33 up-regulated and 27 down-regulated proteins. By sorting the identified proteins according to metabolic function, 15 proteins were transporter protein, 12 proteins were related to stress response and virulence, and 9 proteins were related to transcription factor activity. Moreover, nine proteins related to amino acid metabolism were over-expressed.
Reducing Phosphorus Fertilizer Input in High Phosphorus Soils for Sustainable Agriculture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Thuy Pham Thi Phuong , Hoa Nguyen My , Dick Warren A.
Published: March 2020

High rates of phosphorus (P) currently being applied to soils for the production of vegetables in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, has led to concern regarding negative effects on the economy and the environment. This research presents a comprehensive study on the determination of P supplying capacity in this region of Vietnam to examine the possibility of reducing P fertilizer input. In total, 120 soil samples were collected to evaluate total P and Bray 1 available P in the soils. Phosphorus maximum sorption, degree of P saturation, P release, and the effect of P fertilizer on corn (Zea mays L.) yield in greenhouses and fields were also determined. Total P concentrations in 57% of the soil samples evaluated yielded high P concentrations (>560 mg P/kg), while 74% of the samples had high Bray 1 available P concentrations (>20 mg P/kg soil). Maximum P sorption ranged from 149 to 555 mg P/kg soil, respectively, and had negative correlation with available P (r = −0.63*). The percentages of P saturation ranged from 0.63% to 5.5% and correlated with available P (r = 0.98**). Maximum P release ranged from 1.2 to 62 mg P/kg soil, respectively, and correlated with available P (r = 0.96**). Corn grown in soils with available P concentrations >15 mg P/kg did not respond to P fertilizer in greenhouse or field experiments. We conclude that many farmers in this region can reduce P fertilizer input, thus increasing their profits and reducing negative environmental impacts associated with excess soil P for sustainable agriculture.
Wireless Sensor Network Synchronization for Precision Agriculture Applications
Authors: Zervopoulos Alexandros , Tsipis Athanasios , Alvanou Aikaterini Georgia , Bezas Konstantinos , Papamichail Asterios , Vergis Spiridon , Stylidou Andreana , Tsoumanis Georgios , Komianos Vasileios , Koufoudakis George , Oikonomou Konstantinos
Published: March 2020

The advent of Internet of Things has propelled the agricultural domain through the integration of sensory devices, capable of monitoring and wirelessly propagating information to producers; thus, they employ Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). These WSNs allow real time monitoring, enabling intelligent decision-making to maximize yields and minimize cost. Designing and deploying a WSN is a challenging and multivariate task, dependent on the considered environment. For example, a need for network synchronization arises in such networks to correlate acquired measurements. This work focuses on the design and installation of a WSN that is capable of facilitating the sensing aspects of smart and precision agriculture applications. A system is designed and implemented to address specific design requirements that are brought about by the considered environment. A simple synchronization scheme is described to provide time-correlated measurements using the sink node’s clock as reference. The proposed system was installed on an olive grove to assess its effectiveness in providing a low-cost system, capable of acquiring synchronized measurements. The obtained results indicate the system’s overall effectiveness, revealing a small but expected difference in the acquired measurements’ time correlation, caused mostly by serial transmission delays, while yielding a plethora of relevant environmental conditions.
Genome-Wide Scan for Runs of Homozygosity Identifies Candidate Genes Related to Economically Important Traits in Chinese Merino
Authors: He Sangang , Di Jiang , Han Bing , Chen Lei , Liu Mingjun , Li Wenrong
Published: March 2020

In this study, we estimated the number, length, and frequency of runs of homozygosity (ROH) in 635 Chinese Merino and identified genomic regions with high ROH frequency using the OvineSNP50 whole-genome genotyping array. A total of 6039 ROH exceeding 1 Mb were detected in 634 animals. The average number of ROH in each animal was 9.23 and the average length was 5.87 Mb. Most of the ROH were less than 10 Mb, accounting for 88.77% of the total number of detected ROH. In addition, Ovies aries chromosome (OAR) 21 and OAR3 exhibited the highest and lowest coverage of chromosomes by ROH, respectively. OAR1 displayed the highest number of ROH, while the lowest number of ROH was found on OAR24. An inbreeding coefficient of 0.023 was calculated from ROH greater than 1 Mb. Thirteen regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, and 16 were found to contain ROH hotspots. Within the genome regions of OAR6 and OAR11, NCAPG/LCORL, FGF11 and TP53 were identified as the candidate genes related to body size, while the genome region of OAR10 harbored RXFP2 gene responsible for the horn trait. These findings indicate the adaptive to directional trait selection in Chinese Merino.
Herbicide Diuron as Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) through Histopathalogical Analysis in Gonads of Javanese Medaka (Oryzias javanicus, Bleeker 1854)
Authors: Kamarudin Nur Amiera , Zulkifli Syaizwan Zahmir , Azmai Mohammad Noor Amal , Abdul Aziz Fatin Zahidah , Ismail Ahmad
Published: March 2020

The expeditious augmentation of the agriculture industry is leaving a significant negative impact on aquatic ecosystems. However, the awareness of the impacts of herbicide Diuron toxicities on the non-targeted aquatic organism, especially fish is still lacking. Javanese medaka, a new model fish species were exposed under sublethal levels and the long-term effects on gonads were investigated via histological studies. A total of 210 sexually mature fish were exposed to Diuron at seven different concentrations; control, solvent control, 1, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/L for 21 days. In this study, Diuron caused histopathological alterations in gonads (ovary and testis) of Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus) by decreasing in gonadal staging and maturity of germ cells in oogenesis and spermatogenesis of female and male Javanese medaka. The results obtained in this study had proven our hypothesis that long-term exposure of herbicide Diuron can cause alterations in the gonadal histology of the adults of Javanese medaka.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lauric Acid on Lactation Function, Mammary Gland Development, and Serum Lipid Metabolites in Lactating Mice
Authors: Yang Lin , Yang Qiang , Li Fan , Yi Wuzhou , Liu Fangfang , Wang Songbo , Jiang Qingyan
Published: March 2020

Our previous studies demonstrated that lauric acid (LA) stimulated mammary gland development during puberty. However, the roles of LA on lactation in mice remain indeterminate. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary LA supplementation on lactation functioning and to study the potential mechanisms during lactation. in vivo, there was no effect of 1% LA dietary supplementation during lactation on the feed intake or body weight of breast-feeding mice. However, maternal LA supplementation significantly expanded the number of mammary gland alveoli of mice during lactation and the average body weight of the offspring, suggesting that LA supplementation enhanced the development and lactation function of the mammary glands. in vitro, 100 μM of LA significantly increased the content of triglycerides (TG) in the cell supernatant of induced HC11 cells, however, with no effect on the expression of the genes associated with fatty acid synthesis. LA also activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. LA dietary supplementation significantly expanded the serum levels of lipid metabolites, including sphingomyelin and other metabolites with the sn-2 position of C12 and sn-1 position of C18 in the TG of the lactating mice. Taken together, dietary supplementation of LA during lactation could promote the lactation function of mice, which might be related to increasing the development of the mammary glands and alternation of serum lipid metabolites. These findings provided more theoretical and experimental basis for the application of lauric acid in the development of mammary glands and lactation function of lactating animals.
Progress in Veterinary Behavior in North America: The Case of the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists
Authors: Horwitz Debra , Houpt Katherine A.
Published: March 2020

The American College of Veterinary Behavior has grown in number and in expertise over the past quarter century. There are now 86 diplomates, at least three textbooks on treating behavior problems, and a text on veterinary psychopharmacology. Although veterinary behavior began in veterinary colleges, the majority of residents are now trained in non-conforming programs. Many more diplomates practice privately in specialty clinics or as separate businesses. Progress has been made in both diagnosis and treatment with polypharmacy, resulting in successful outcomes for many dogs and cats suffering from separation anxiety, fear, or aggression.
Investigation of Pre- and Post-Weaning Mortalities in Rabbits Bred in Egypt, with Reference to Parasitic and Bacterial Causes
Authors: El-Ashram Saeed , Aboelhadid Shawky M. , Abdel-Kafy El-Sayed M. , Hashem Shymaa A. , Mahrous Lilian N. , Farghly Eman M. , Kamel Asmaa A.
Published: March 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the causes of mortality in young rabbits. A total of 110 V-Line breed female rabbits aged 5 m were used in this study. Rabbit kits were examined daily in pre- and postweaning stages to detect clinical disorders that caused death. The postmortem examination was carried out on dead kits. Furthermore, rabbits were examined for the probable bacteriological and parasitological causes of death. Fecal samples were collected from each dead kit and examined by standard microbiological procedures for bacterial pathogens and macroscopically and microscopically for the presence of endo- and ectoparasites. Throughout two breeding seasons, 2238 newborns were obtained, of which 1736 died, accounting for a 77.57% mortality rate. During preweaning (1st month of age) and postweaning (up to 3 months of age), 1501 (67.10%) and 235 (31.90%) deaths were recorded, respectively. A postweaning fecal examination revealed that 198 out of 229 (86.50%) were diarrheic rabbits due to Eimeria infection. Cittotaenia spp. eggs were detected in 4.37% of fecal samples, and mites (Sarcoptis scabiei) were present in 6.55%. E. coli was detected in 100% of examined animals during pre- and postweaning periods; however, Salmonella spp. were 97.22% and 43.67, respectively. Managemental risk factors were the main causes in preweaning mortality, including insufficient milk supply (37.37%), cannibalism (26.38%), mange infestation of a rabbit doe (22.20%), mastitis (4.30%), lack of doe care (5.00%), bronchopneumonia (2.13%), and enteritis (1.80%). However, risk factors in postweaning mortality included sudden death with general septicemia (13.80%), enteritis (9.63%), bronchopneumonia (5.43%), mange infestation (2.04%), and malnutrition (0.81%). In conclusion, the etiology of preweaning mortality in kits was related mainly to the doe, especially managemental risk factors. However, a combination of multiple pathogenic agents (parasites and bacteria) and managemental factors was reported in the postweaning stage. Careful attention must be paid to avoid these causes.
Dietary Supplemented Curcumin Improves Meat Quality and Antioxidant Status of Intrauterine Growth Retardation Growing Pigs via Nrf2 Signal Pathway
Authors: Zhang Ligen , Zhang Jiaqi , Yan Enfa , He Jintian , Zhong Xiang , Zhang Lili , Wang Chao , Wang Tian
Published: March 2020

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) exhibits programming consequences and may induce oxidative stress in growing animals and humans. This study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that dietary curcumin may protect growing pigs from IUGR-induced oxidative stress via the Nrf2 pathway. Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) and 24 IUGR female piglets were selected and fed control diets supplemented 0 (NBW), 0 (IUGR) and 200 (IUGR + Cur) mg/kg curcumin from 26 to 115 days of age (n = 12). Growth performance, meat quality, redox status and its related Nrf2 pathway were determined. Results showed that IUGR pigs exhibited decreased body weight on 0 d, 26 d and 56 d (p < 0.01) but had no difference on 115 d among NBW, IUGR and IUGR + Cur groups (p > 0.05). Compared with NBW and IUGR groups, a significant decrease in drip loss (24 h and 48 h) was observed in the IUGR + Cur group (p < 0.01). IUGR pigs had higher concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.01) and protein carbonyl (PC) (p = 0.03) and lower activities of glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.02), catalase (p < 0.01) and peroxidase (p = 0.02) in leg muscles than NBW pigs. Dietary-added 200 mg/kg curcumin decreased concentrations of MDA and PC and improved the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase as compared to the IUGR group (p < 0.05). Additionally, dietary curcumin enhanced protein (NQO1) and mRNA expression of genes (Nrf2, NQO1, gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT)) as compared to the IUGR group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that dietary curcumin could serve as a potential additive to enhance redox status and improve meat quality of IUGR growing pigs via the Nrf2 signal pathway.
Genetic Differentiation of the Two Types of Polish Cold-blooded Horses Included in the National Conservation Program
Authors: Gurgul Artur , Jasielczuk Igor , Semik-Gurgul Ewelina , Pawlina-Tyszko Klaudia , Szmatoła Tomasz , Polak Grażyna , Bugno-Poniewierska Monika
Published: March 2020

The current role of the horse as a companion animal resulted in a decrease of interest in breeding and usage of draft horses. This meant that the population of cold-blooded horses in Poland has been dramatically reduced during the last decades. To avoid impoverishment of the gene pool of the local horse population, a conservation program was established which involves draft horses and other local horse breeds. The draft horses bred in Poland can be subdivided in a few horse types of which the most widespread and consolidated are Sztumski and Sokólski horses. These two subpopulations are phenotypically diversified, however, the overall level of their genetic differentiation seems to be relatively low and not precisely determined, especially with the use of molecular markers. In reference to this, in this study we used Illumina genotyping arrays to describe in detail the genetic differentiation of these two cold-blooded horse populations. We describe the genetic distance between them, as well as within-population variation, admixture patterns, and level of relatedness within populations. We also made an attempt to detect genome regions divergently selected between those horses by the detection of diversifying selection signals. The results of this study provide initial evidence supporting breeding decisions that were made during conservation breeding program design and answer questions raised by the breeders of Sokólski and Sztumski horses concerning the level of their genetic variation and differentiation.