bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUALITY OF TRAINING PROGRAM COMPETENCIES ANDMETHODOLOGIESOF SELECTED TECHNICALVOCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSAND THEIR INFLUENCE ONJOB PLACEMENT
Authors:   Capitol University, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines., B. Pontino Bainare , Raymond S. Tan Mark ,   Capitol University, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines.
Published: August 2023

The rigorous assessment of the training program conducted by Technical Education,Skills,Development, and Authority(TESDA)accredited technical vocational institutions in various industry sectors is crucial for evaluating its impact on beneficiaries job placements and entrepreneurship opportunities. To enhance effectiveness, the training implementer should establish a robust monitoring system and forge industry partnerships to improve training facilities and materials in line with industry demands. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of program competencies and methodologies in 5 accredited technical vocational institutions in Marawi City, Lanaodel Sur, specifically regarding their impact on job placement between 2019 and 2021. The study employed a descriptive-correlational design, and purposive sampling was utilized in selectingthe 167 trainees from the TESDA-accredited technical vocational institutions in Marawi City. The findings indicated that there was no significant association between the training methodologies and the quality of program competencies. Similarly, no significant relationship was observed between the quality of training program competencies and job placement. However, a negative correlation was identified between the quality of skills and job placement. Additionally, there wasa significant correlation between the quality of training methodologies and job placement. Through multiple regression analysis, it was determined that competencies specifically attitudes and methodologies specifically facilitating learning sessions, utilizing electronic media, maintaining traiing facilities and supervising work-based learning had a significant influence on the trainees job placement. Hence, to enhance job placement prospects, the trainers have to focus on cultivating positive attitude and fostering a correct mindset to enhance trainees chances of gainful job placement. Targeted training sessions and exercises should be implemented to help trainees develop and enhance their abilities in these areas.
COMPARING THE STAR FORMATION RATES OF 2 STAR FORMING REGIONS
Authors:   Student, Heritage International Xperiential School, Gurugram., Chugh Kevin
Published: August 2023

This paper introduces nebulae and the process of star formation. It then focuses on analysing the compositions and star formation rates of NGC 3603 (an open cluster in NGC 3372, also known as the Carina Nebula) and L 1641 (a molecular cloud in Orion A, part of the Orion Molecular Cloud Complex). It then compares both regions and concludes that NGC 3603 has a higher rate of star formation than L 1641.
STUDY OF COMMON FIXED POINT RESULT OF PAIR OF SELF MAPS IN G-METRIC SPACE
Authors:   ACS College Gangakhed., V.V. Latpate
Published: August 2023

In this article we study weakly compatible maps and proved common fixed point theorem of weakly compatible mappings in Generalized Metric space. AMS Subject classification:-47H10,47H09.
Bioactive Diterpenes and Serotonin Amides in Cold-Pressed Green Coffee Oil (Coffea arabica L.)
Authors: Silva Rodrigo , Brand Ana Laura , Tinoco Natalia , Freitas Suely , Rezende Claudia
Published: August 2023

Cold pressing is an environment-friendly mechanical extraction for oils from seeds. In this work, cold-pressed green Arabica coffee oil was investigated related to the influence of the pressing variables (preheating, exit diameter, screw speed, and particle size) on the chemical oil composition, mainly on the diterpenes and, for the first time in the scientific literature, on the content of serotonin amides (β N-alkanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamides (Cn-5HT)). The oil yield from screw pressing varied from 2.65 to 6.27%, with major yields obtained as the size of the particle and temperature increased. Soxhlet extraction produced 9.46 ± 0.04% of oil. The fatty acid content of the oils varied from 32.79 to 33.49% and showed no significant difference among the different pressing conditions. The amount of the diterpenes kahweol and cafestol ranged from 13.33 to 16.72 mg g-1 and 37.11 to 47.14 mg g-1 of oil, respectively, summing 50.44 to 63.86 mg g-1 of diterpenes. The total content of Cn-5HTs ranged from 307.92 to 1716.52 µg g-1, being 114.42 to 577.37 µg g-1 for arachidic acid-5-hydroxytryptamide, (C20-5HT) and 193.50 to 1068.08 µg g-1 for behenic acid-5-hydroxytryptamide (C22-5HT) in oil, the most abundant in coffee bean. From the 16 cold press treatments, six conditions showed significant amounts of these compounds. Aspects related to the biological activity and relevance of coffee lipid diterpenes and Cn-5HTs are discussed.
Energy analysis of transient flow with cavitation by considering the effect of water temperature in viscoelastic pipes
Authors: Sun Qiang , Wang Fuxiang , Wu Yue Bin , Xu Ying , Hao Yingqi
Published: August 2023

Numerous studies on the pressure fluctuations and cavity volume variations of a transient cavitation flow in viscoelastic pipes are available in the literature. However, the effect of water temperature on the cavity volume and energy conversion has been studied less often. This paper employs the discrete vapor cavity model using quasi-steady friction and quasi-two-dimensional friction models to calculate the cavity volume for different water temperatures and investigates the effects of water temperature on the appearance of the first cavitation at the downstream valve, and on the pressure damping in a tank-piping-valve system using an integrated energy analysis approach. The results show that the differences between the pressure and energy variations of the transient cavitation flow simulated using different models were minimal under different water temperature conditions. Moreover, as the water temperature increased, the appearance time of the cavity is postponed, and the volume of the cavity decreases. The energy dissipation increases continuously with an increase in the volume of the cavitation and water temperature in viscoelastic pipes. This study provides valuable insights into the variation pattern of the cavity and the effect of vapor cavities on the rise and decay of the pipeline pressure in different situations.
Opening Pandora’s Box: Strict Liability Under Unqualified Extended War Clauses in International Investment Law
Authors: Koen L.
Published: August 2023

There has been a growing interest in the extent to which international investment law imposes an obligation on the state to compensate for losses arising from an armed conﬂict. This contribution explores the prevalence of war clauses that hold the state liable to pay compensation for war losses without the investor needing to prove fault. The contribution considers a recent case against Syria in which an investor was permitted to rely on such a war clause in another treaty through the most favoured nation (MFN) clause. The contribution ﬁnds that MFN clauses substantially increase the number of investors who can rely on unqualiﬁed extended war clauses. It considers unqualiﬁed extended war clauses and the extent to which other investors can rely on them through an MFN clause in Cameroon, Syria and Yemen. It then considers the role that the BRICS countries can play in bringing about the necessary reforms to unqualiﬁed extended war clauses. It argues that these reforms are urgently needed as these states emerging from armed conﬂict can scarcely aﬀord to meet their people’s most essential developmental needs, let alone virtually unlimited liability to foreign investors.
Riesgo de un acuífero urbano por el desarrollo industrial
Authors: Aguirre García Gabriela Josefina , Tristán Rodríguez María Suhey , Hernández Martínez Ricardo , Lizardi Jiménez Manuel Alejandro
Published: August 2023

Este trabajo se inscribe en el campo de estudio de agua y sociedad. Aborda la problemática del riesgo que padece el acuífero de San Luis Potosí debido al desarrollo industrial. El objetivo es caracterizar el riesgo al que está expuesto este acuífero considerando las interrelaciones entre la industria y el ecosistema, aspectos que lo hacen un trabajo original. Para ello, se utilizó la metodología transdisciplinar de flujos de materia de la economía ecológica y la etnografía multisituada para considerar el conocimiento de los afectados del desarrollo industrial. Como resultado, se identificó el riesgo de agotamiento del acuífero debido al incremento de la demanda de agua por parte de la industria de exportación, así como el riesgo por contaminantes fecales, cloro, sulfatos y flúor de origen industrial y residencial. Entre los hallazgos, el trabajo muestra cómo al caracterizar el riesgo ambiental con el conocimiento de los afectados es posible observar la vulneración de un conjunto amplio de derechos humanos, debido a que el ecosistema es fundamento material de vida.
Ideología política en la Presidencia de la República y su impacto en la gobernanza (1996-2020)
Authors: Carmona Silva José Luis , Muñoz Canto Carolina Sthephania , Sosa González José Luis Sergio
Published: August 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es dilucidar si existen diferencias en la configuración de la gobernanza en México en gobiernos con tendencias ideológicas diferentes (centro, derecha e izquierda). Para ello, se recuperaron los debates sobre la medición de la gobernanza y en específico se adoptaron los indicadores de gobernanza del Banco Mundial en el período de 1996 a 2020 para analizar si éstos se configuran de maneras distintas durante gobiernos con tendencias ideológicas diferentes; por lo que el caso de México resulta de interés. Se realizaron comparaciones analíticas de las configuraciones de los indicadores de gobernanza; se encontró que ésta ha sido evaluada globalmente de forma negativa, con una tendencia creciente. Empero, la configuración particular se ha modificado haciendo visible una relación específica entre los gobiernos de distintas tendencias políticas y la sociedad. Las principales limitaciones de esta investigación están relacionadas con los problemas de medición de la gobernanza y el estado de la reflexión sobre lo que la derecha y la izquierda implican en el ejercicio de gobierno.
Hacia una propuesta transdisciplinaria
Authors: Rosas García Juanita
Published: August 2023

La presente reseña tiene como objetivo, enfatizar la reciente propuesta, plasmada en el trabajo publicado por el doctor Jorge Damián Morán Escamilla, que no sólo resulta útil su aplicación a la sociología, urbanismo, arquitectura, geografía; sino que, la lectura del texto se convierte en una invitación y potencial enfoque de paisaje, que bien puede ser utilizada por historiadores inmersos en estudios del paisaje; sirviendo, a su vez, como andamiaje para construir sus propias propuestas y sin tener que caer en anacronismos. Por otro lado, induce al diálogo multidisciplinario con el firme propósito de generar nuevos trabajos que permitan obtener una visión más compleja/enriquecida y completa de San Luis Potosí, utilizando al paisaje como hilo conductor y visto desde otro enfoque, superando el uso de éste como concepto, el texto, aunque pequeño en extensión, permite emplear la propuesta en otros contextos.
Current Trends in the Development of Electrochemical Biosensor for
Detecting Analytes from Sweat
Authors: Singh Anoop , Sharma Asha , Dubey Aman , Arya Sandeep
Published: August 2023

The need for wearable bioelectronics continues to grow, and this technology
might significantly alter the medical field. In order to diagnose and treat a patient, conventional
medicine takes a “reactive” approach and waits for symptoms to appear first.
Therefore, it is preferable to progress toward continuous non-invasive wearable biomonitoring,
a preventative strategy that may assist individuals in diagnosing or treating illnesses
at the earliest stages, sometimes before any outward symptoms have appeared. Wearable
physiological sensors, such as the Apple Watch and FitBit, have arrived on the market
as a result of technology advances and have quickly become commonplace. However,
few devices currently exist that can report directly on these biomarkers of relevance.
This is mostly due to the challenges involved in real-time fluid sampling and generating
correct readouts utilising extremely selective and sensitive sensors. Sweat is an excretory
fluid that is only allowed to be used in order to reduce invasiveness, but this restriction
places additional strain on sensors owing to the diluted concentration of the relevant biomarkers
and the changes in pH, salinity, and other biophysical parameters that directly influence
the read-out of real-time biosensors. Sweat is favoured amid slightly invasive
biofluids due to its low concentration of interfering chemicals and the fact that it may be
collected without touching the mucosal layers. This review offers a concise outline of the
latest advances in sweat-based wearable sensors, their promise in healthcare monitoring,
and the problems faced in analysis based on sweat.
Non-oxidative Modified Low-density Lipoproteins: The Underappreciated
Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhao Yimeng , Xu Qian , He Naiqi , Jiang Mulin , Chen Yingzhuo , Ren Zhong , Tang Zhihan , Wu Chunyan , Liu Lushan
Published: August 2023

:

Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular diseases, is a
main risk factor causing about 20 million deaths each year worldwide. Oxidized low-density
lipoprotein is recognized as the most important and independent risk factor in initiating
and promoting atherosclerosis. Numerous antioxidants are extensively used in clinical
practice, but they have no significant effect on reducing the morbidity and mortality
of cardiovascular diseases. This finding suggests that researchers should pay more attention
to the important role of non-oxidative modified low-density lipoprotein in atherosclerosis
with a focus on oxidized low-density lipoprotein. This review briefly summarizes
several important non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins associated with
atherosclerosis, introduces the pathways through which these non-oxidative modified
low-density lipoproteins induce the development of atherosclerosis in vivo, and discusses
the mechanism of atherogenesis induced by these non-oxidative modified low-density
lipoproteins. New therapeutic strategies and potential drug targets are provided for the
prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Impact of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection on the Treatment Outcome
of Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kushwah Atar Singh , Srivastava Kirti , Mishra Rajnikant , Banerjee Monisha
Published: August 2023

Background:

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and its persistence are responsible
for the development of cervical cancer (CaCx). Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the only treatment option, especially in advanced stages. However, it is not influenced by the status of HPV infection. CRT
controls cancer growth along with mild to severe adverse effects.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess the HPV-associated risk factors and correlate them
with chemoradiation therapy (CRT) response in cervical cancer.

Methods:

The study was undertaken in 103 histologically positive CaCx patients. Anthrodemographic and obstetric characterizations were conducted by face-to-face interviews, and HPV
testing was done by conventional PCR. All the patients received a 40-50Gy total effective dose using
tele‑ and brachytherapy. The treatment response, survivorship and statistical analysis were made using GraphPad Prism 9 and SPSS (ver.25.0).

Results:

Out of 103 patients, 84% were HPV infected, and 16% CaCx were HPV-negative. Advanced age, lower-middle socioeconomic status (SES), illiteracy, and patients from rural backgrounds
were significantly higher in CaCx patients with HPV infection. Multiparity, irregular menstrual cycle,
poor menstrual hygiene, and use of contraception were significantly associated with HPV positivity.
Patients with HPV infection showed a better clinical response (P =0.031), alive vital status (P
=0.007), and 59 months of median survival (P <0.001) with a poor hazard ratio (HR 0.29 at 95% CI).

Conclusion:

HPV-infected CaCx patients showed better response to definitive chemoradiation therapy compared to HPV-negative with a poor hazard ratio. Therefore, HPV testing can potentially stratify CaCx patients for more effective therapeutic regimens, treatment assessments and follow-ups.
Influence of Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 1 (SLC22A1) Gene Polymorphism on Metformin Pharmacokinetics and HbA1c Levels: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pradana A.D. , Kristin E. , Nugrahaningsih D.A.A. , Nugroho A.K. , Pinzon R.T.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 1 (SLC22A1, also known as OCT1) protein
has a vital role in the metabolism of metformin, a first-line anti-diabetes medication. Genetic
poly-morphism in SLC22A1 influences individual response to metformin.

Objective:

This review aims to compile the current knowledge about the effects of SLC22A1
genetic polymorphism on metformin pharmacokinetics and HbA1c levels.

Methods:

We followed the PRISMA 2020 standards to conduct a systematic review. We searched
the publications for all appropriate evidence on the effects of SLC22A1 genetic polymorphism on
metformin pharmacokinetics and HbA1c from January 2002 to December 2022.

Results:

Initial database searches identified 7,171 relevant studies. We reviewed 155 titles and abstracts
after deleting duplicates. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 studies remained.

Conclusion:

Three studies found that rs12208357, rs34059508, and G465R had a considerable impact
(p < 0.05) on metformin pharmacokinetics, resulting in increased metformin plasma (Cmax), a
higher active amount of drug in the blood (AUC), and lower volume of distribution (Vd) (p<0.05).
SLC22A1 polymorphisms with effects on HbA1c include rs628031 (four of seven studies),
rs622342 (four of six studies), rs594709 (one study), rs2297374, and rs1867351 (one of two studies),
rs34130495 (one study), and rs11212617 (one study) (p <0.05).
Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Sheep And Goats
Authors: Ahmad Bilal , Ali Ashfaq Usman , Nahid Nazia , Shareef Masoud Muhammad , Ansari Mahmood-ur-Rahman , Bhatti Rashid , Qasim Muhammad
Published: August 2023

The breeding of small ruminants has a huge social and environmental impact
globally. Due to rising production costs concerning milk prices and customer desire for
harmless and superior quality food, efficient features have become crucial for effective
breeding programs. Most farmers are unaware of the strategic value of genetic
improvement and lack the incentive to support breeding projects on their own, so
government money has been the primary funding source for breeding initiatives.
Genetic markers have been employed to help with paternity determination,
confirmation, variety protection, and breeding standard selection. An integrated
strategy is required to assist in the creation of breeding programs and solve the
problems of improving indigenous breeds, like sheep and goats. Genome selection and
innovative reproductive technologies are examples of scientific progress that will allow
for quicker and more effective genetic improvement. The whole strategy should
improve the competitiveness and long-term survivability of the indigenous population.
This chapter is focused on determining particular breeding targets of sheep and goats
that represent the sector's priorities and demands, gene-assisted selection, and the
capabilities of disease-free indigenous populations.
Application of Biotechnology to Livestock Feed Improvement
Authors: Ahmed Irfan , Kamran Zahid , Yousaf Muhammad , Khan Ahmad Kamran , Munir Shahzad
Published: August 2023

Feed and nutrition play a crucial role in the quality and quantity of livestock
production, both ruminants and non-ruminants. As a result, the supply of feedstuff
resources has not met the needs of animal populations, which might lead to decreased
performance, poorer health, increased erosion, and overgrazing, which would increase
the number of livestock animals. To meet animal protein requirements, feed availability
with a low price containing high quality is a big challenge for nutritionists in the future
quality. Conventional methods were used to increase livestock improvements,
including livestock diseases, management, nutrition, genetics and breeding that resulted
in enhancing livestock production. Currently, these methods are no longer sustainable;
modern techniques, especially biotechnology, are required for optimum productivity.
Utilizing natural and organic resources, for controlling food-borne diseases, modern
biotechnology techniques are needed to implement the bitterness of the livestock
population, increasing food safety and reducing poverty for livestock farmers. Due to
advances in livestock nutrition, there has been a focus on enhancing livestock
requirements, to understand the demand and availability of the ingredients, and
composition and formulating cost-effective diets with optimum nutrient availability.
Use of Genomics in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Livestock and Animal Diseases
Authors: Ghaffar Awais , Ijaz Muhammad , Hussain Farooqi Shahid , Muddassir Ali Muhammad , Ali Ahmad , Umar Ahmad , Shahid Rehan
Published: August 2023

The use of biotechnology has proved to be a key factor in handling different
livestock problems. Many issues have proved to be silent killers, and their appropriate
diagnosis and treatment are the need of the hour. Advancement in biotechnology and
genomics is being used in preventive and clinical medicine, production of recombinant
biotechnology-derived vaccines, molecular gene cloning, application of polymerase
chain reaction (PCR), Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length
polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), gene
therapy and many more. This chapter will cover the use of genomics and biotechnology
in veterinary medicine.
Dados Bibliográficos definições e interlocuções com as tecnologias e a inovação
Authors: Jesus Ananda Fernanda de , Castro Fabiano Ferreira de
Published: August 2023

Based on the principles that bibliographic data have an intrinsic relationship with innovation and technological advances, the objectivesare: 1) to conceptualize the term “bibliographic data” and related terms; 2) to establish relationships between bibliographic data, technologies, and innovation; and 3) to present the evolution of bibliographic data throughout history. To achieve these objectives, a mapping of Brazilian literature was carried out, from which 45 documents were identified, including articles, theses, and dissertations, which address the technological evolution of Descriptive Cataloging, its products, and standardization instruments. Based on the reading of these documents and the theoretical references used by them, the evolution of bibliographic data throughout history was traced, based on their relationship with the main technological milestones of each period. It is concluded that technological advances have influenced and continue to influence bibliographic data, reflecting and impacting storage formats, standardization instruments and the structure of these data, which need to become more complex and granular to meet the informational needs of users in the current technological context.
A Decolonialidade no campo da Biblioteconomia a intersecção com a biblioteca universitária
Authors: Baptista Michele Marques
Published: August 2023

This essay aims to contribute with aspects, reflections and theories related to decoloniality in the field of Librarianship, more precisely in the field of university libraries, verifying existing decolonial actions regarding culture and practices through the integration of the library and itsusers. The context of decolonial relations in the academic scenario is verified, covering educational, social and cultural areas and information. It is also verified how the librarian, through histraining, can work with aspects related to decoloniality. Finally, the issue of diversity in academic libraries is seen both in the theoretical and practical aspects, related to the best actions of promotion and social equity.
Gestão do conhecimento em unidades de informação um estudo sobre a Rede Sesc de Bibliotecas
Authors: Souza Claudia Barbosa dos Santos de
Published: August 2023

The library networks are organizations with affinities and common goals, but many of them do not have their administrative procedures established in institutional documents, nor a centralized management. The Sesc Network of Libraries (RSB), for example, object of this study, is composed by different information units, located in all regions of Brazil, which adopts a decentralized management model. This research aims to investigate managerial and librarianship information sharing practices, from the perspective of knowledge management (KM). Methodologically, this is an explanatory, descriptive, documentary research, which uses the case study. It presents as a resultthe discrete existence of knowledge management and librarianship practices at RSB, and suggests the implementation of such practices by all librarians and libraries at Sesc
A percepção do bibliotecário universitário sobre a ética no tratamento temático da informação
Authors: Oliveira Lais Pereira de
Published: August 2023

This study is focused on the subject representation based on a reflective perspective in terms of ethics in the field. It aims to analyze the professional perception of Brazilian university librarians about ethics in subject representation. It is a descriptive study of a quantitative nature that usesthe application of online survey, which was applied to professionals in charge of managing the technical processing section of university libraries located in federal public universities in Brazil. The results demonstrate that ethics is well assimilated by technical processingmanagers, even though they face interpretive dilemmas as well as a major concern about indexing process and its embodiment via term. Despite every care in the equal treatment of the different issues, reported by the respondents, inconsistent substitutes are still echoing in the information retrieval system, making it necessary to seek training and unrestricted use of documentary instruments in order to avoid biased interpretations and representations. Simultaneously, qualification, collaboration and participation of the user are understood as a way of supporting the ethical instance of the subject representation, as well as the need for further evolution of the library literature within thisperspective. It is concluded that the ethical dimension in the subject representation is understood by Brazilian university librarians who can identify impasses, difficulties, problems, solutions and needs for greater assertiveness in this context.
Antibacterial Activity of Legundi Leaf (Vitex trifolia) Essential Oil Using In-Vitro and In-Silico Methods
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia, Indriatie Retno ,   UPT Laboratorium Herbal Materia Medica Batu, Jalan Lahor 87, East Java, Indonesia, Warsito Warsito ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia, MASRURI Masruri ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
Published: August 2023

Staphylococcus aureus causes many severe diseases, such as meningitis, lung infection, and hematogenous osteomyelitis. The prolonged use of antibiotic drugs leads to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), decreasing their effectiveness against S. aureus. Therefore, novel drugs isolated from natural products have been the focus of many researchers to solve that problem. The essential oils isolated from Vitex trifolia leaf have many pharmacological activities, including antibacterial and antifungal activities. In this research, essential oil was isolated by distillation, followed by GC-MS analysis. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was conducted using a disc diffusion test (KirbyBauer) and by molecular docking study. The essential oil yield from distillation was 0.13%, containing major compounds such as sabinene, eucalyptol, terpinen-4-ol, αterpineol, limonene, and caryophyllene. The essential oil gave intermediate inhibition against S. aureus with a 6.91 ± 0.03 mm inhibition zone in 20 mg/mL of the sample. Using molecular docking study, caryophyllene and α-terpineol were the key compounds for inhibiting the active site of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, sortase A, and dihydrofolate reductase that are responsible for the S. aureus growth and development
Study Direction to Oxidize a Local Pine Rosin with Potassium Permanganate
Authors:   Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Indonesia, Edy Kuncoro Widia , Farid Rahman Moh. ,   Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Indonesia, MASRURI Masruri ,   Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Indonesia, Mariyah Ulfa Siti ,   Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
Published: August 2023

Pine rosin acid or Gondorukem is a solid resin obtained from pine sap. It is yielded as residue from a high temperature distillation process. In industry, rosin acid is widely used and modified as raw material in paint, ink, adhesive, resin, thermoplastic, and thermosetting polymer. Modification process generally is undergone to generate rosin acid with specific properties and for certain purposes. This paper report, potassium permanganate oxidation reaction of pine rosin acid under acidic process at low temperature. Product identified as 13,14-seco-13-oxoabiet-7-ene-dioic acid (0.52%), 7,8-dihydroxy-abietic acid (6.62%), and 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acid (1.49%). The crude product was isolated as a pale to white solid. Under high temperature a yellowish product was resulted. In overall, the yield isolated in between 46.4% and 86.0%.
Sargassum aquifolium Extract Prevents Elevated Cholesterol Levels and Blood Vessel Thickening in Rats Fed an Atherogenic Diet
Authors:   Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang-65143, Indonesia, Firdaus Muhamad , Nurdiani Rahmi ,   Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang-65143, Indonesia, Savira Aulia ,   Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang-65143, Indonesia, Hanifah Firyal ,   Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang-65143, Indonesia
Published: August 2023

Hypercholesterolemia is a health disorder in which cholesterol in the blood increases beyond normal limits. This disorder chronically can cause atherosclerosis. Sargassum aquifolium contains bioactive compounds that can prevent increased blood cholesterol levels. This study aimed to prove the increasing cholesterol levels and changes in the blood vessel profile of rats fed an atherogenic diet by S. aquifolium extract. S. aquifolium was obtained from Ekas Bay, Province of West Nusa Tenggara. Male Rattus norvegicus 2-3 months ages used in this study. Normal rats were fed an atherogenic diet for four months to produce a hypercholesterolemia animal model. The phytochemical profile was screened based on the Harborne method. Identity of bioactive compounds determined by HPLC-HRMS. The parameters observed were cholesterol levels and blood vessel profiles. The juice of S. aquifolium contained steroids, saponins and tannins, and their bioactive showed anticholesterolemic. Rats given an atherogenic diet had increased cholesterol levels. Administration of S. aquifolium juice twice daily can reduce cholesterol levels and prevent the aorta's and arteries' thickening. In conclusion, S. aquifolium juice contains bioactive compounds and administration of S. aquifolium juice twice a day prevents an increase in cholesterol and damage to the aortic and arterial profiles.
Macroeconomic determinants of the real exchange rate in Pakistan
Authors: Munir Kashif , Iftikhar Mehwish
Published: August 2023

This research endeavors to comprehensively examine the macroeconomic determinants that influence the real exchange rate in Pakistan over an extended temporal horizon. By employing quarterly data spanning from the first quarter of 1980 to the fourth quarter of 2020, this study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology to discern both immediate and enduring determinants of the real exchange rate. The findings distinctly reveal that variables such as money supply, trade openness, workers' remittances, and productivity collectively constitute the long-term determinants of the real exchange rate in the context of Pakistan. Specifically, an augmentation in money supply and an escalated level of economic openness manifestly contribute to the reduction of the real exchange rate, whereas an inflow of remittances and heightened productivity exhibit the propensity to elevate the real exchange rate over an extended duration. This exploration underscores the imperative for proactive engagement by the nation's monetary authorities within the foreign exchange market, with the overarching objective of preserving the currency's value at a state of equilibrium and, thereby, ensuring the holistic integrity of the economy.
In-plane magnetic anisotropy and domain structure of FeNi films deposited in the presence of a magnetic field of various configurations
Authors: Svalov A. V.  , Ivanov V. E.  , Andreev S. V.  , Lepalovskij V. N.  , Feshchenko A. A.  , Kudyukov E. V.  , Makarochkin I. A.  , Kurlyandskaya G. V.
Published: August 2023

FeNi films in circular shape with 3 mm in diameter obtained by magnetron sputtering in the presence of a constant magnetic field of various configurations are studied. The presence of a field created by a permanent magnet with a diameter of 1.2 mm, the magnetization of which is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the substrate, leads to the formation of a vortex-like magnetic structure in the film, characterized by diffuse domain walls. Keywords: thin magnetic films, induced magnetic anisotropy, magnetic domain structure, magnetron sputtering.
Control of bistability of two uniaxial spin transfer oscillators with field coupling and RLC load
Authors: Kuptsov P. V.
Published: August 2023

Two uniaxial spin transfer oscillators with field coupling and RLC loads are considered. This system can demonstrate synchronized as well as non-synchronized oscillations. There is an area of bistability in the parameter space where these two regimes coexist. The mechanism of the bistability control is suggested. It is shown that if the RLC circuits are tuned in such a way that after the start their currents slowly and monotonically decay from high negative magnitudes to zero the oscillators forget their initial states and arrive at the vicinities of their fixed points. It provides the controllable start of the oscillations so that the bistability is suppressed in favor of either synchronous or non-synchronous regimes. Keywords: magnetic moment precession, coupled oscillators, dipole interaction, bistability, controllable initial conditions.
Comparison of the domain structure reaction of various ferromagnetic microparticles under uniaxial mechanical stress
Authors: Nurgazizov N. I.  , Bizyaev D. A.  , Bukharaev A. A.  , Chuklanov A. P.  , Shur V. Ya.  , Akhmatkhanov A. R.
Published: August 2023

The results of studying the changes in the domain structure of a planar square microparticle with size 7.5 x 7.5 x 0.04 μm under uniaxial mechanical stress is presented. Microparticles were made from the following materials: permalloy (18% Fe, 82% Ni), permendur (50% Co, 50% Fe), halfenol (16% Ga, 84% Fe), Ni, terfenol (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.92). The conclusions about the promising of using these materials for fabrication microsensors for stress detection and for fabrication straintronic devices for processing and storing information were made. Keywords: magnetoelastic effect, magnetic force microscopy, planar ferromagnetic particles, domain structure.
Features of obtaining by the method of matrix synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of iron nanowires
Authors: Zagorskiy D. L.  , Doludenko I. M.  , Frolov K. V.  , Perunov I. V.  , Chuev M. A.  , Chumakov N. K.  , Kalachikova I. V.  , Artemov V. V.  , Tziganova T. V.  , Kruglikov S. S.
Published: August 2023

Nanowires from iron were investigated. Samples in the form of arrays of parallel threads (wires) were obtained by matrix synthesis using track membranes. Matrices with parallel pores of 100 nm were used, and the growth voltage was varied --- 0.8 V, 1 V and 1.2 V. Electron microscopic studies of the growth matrix and samples were carried out. The obtained data of Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetometry correlate well. Thus, a comparison of the results obtained by these methods showed that with an increase in the deposition potential during the synthesis of nanowires, the misorientation angle of the magnetic moments of domains increases. It is also shown that as the deposition potential increases, the coercive force decreases. Keywords: magnetic nanowires, matrix synthesis, structure, Mossbauer spectroscopy, magnetic properties.
Tailoring magnetic anisotropy and optical characteristics of nanostructural Co films by oblique angle deposition
Authors: Trushin O.S.  , Fattakhov I.S.  , Popov A.A.  , Mazaletsky L.A.  , Lomov A.A.  , Zakharov D.M.  , Gaidukasov R.A.  , Miakonkikh A.V.  , Shendrikova L.A.
Published: August 2023

Thin Co films on inclined Si(001) substrates were obtained by electron-beam evaporation. It has been established that at angles of incidence of the evaporated material on the substrate of more than 80o (oblique angle deposition), arrays of free-standing Co nanocolumns with a cross section of 25 nm and an aspect ratio (length/transverse size) of at least 15 are formed on the substrate surface. In this case, the magnetic easy axis of the film is oriented along the axis of the nanocolumns, which leads to the appearance of a normal component of the magnetization vector to the film surface. When the substrate rotation is turned on, an array of nanospirals is formed. With a fast rotation of the substrate (30 rpm), the magnetic easy axis approaches the normal to the film surface. At a slow substrate rotation (0.6 pm), an array of nanocoils is formed, imparting pronounced chiral properties to the film. Keywords: nanostructuring, thin films, oblique angle deposition, chiral structures.
Optical and spin properties of silicon vacancy centers created by proton irradiation in a 6H/15R silicon carbide heterostructure
Authors: Eliseyev I. A.  , Edinach E. V.  , Kazarova O. P.  , Smirnov A. N.
Published: August 2023

Optically active silicon vacancy defects (VSi) with an electron spin S=3/2 in a 6H-SiC/15R-SiC silicon carbide heterostructure grown by high-temperature sublimation technique have been studied. By means of low-temperature micro-photoluminescence (μ-PL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques, we demonstrate the potential to generate five disparate types of VSi centers with distinct spectral properties in the aforementioned heterostructure using proton irradiation with E=15 MeV. Wherein each type of VSi center is defined by its zero-phonon line (ZPL) and a distinct value of spin sublevel splitting in a zero magnetic field. As a result, we have demonstrated the scalability of the number of optically active spin centers that can be enclosed within a single crystalline matrix. Keywords: silicon carbide, heterostructures, photoluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance, proton irradiation, spin centers.
The charge carriers mobility in single crystal and nanoceramics of ionic conductor Sr-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Y-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-F-=SUB=-2+x-=/SUB=- (x=0.3)
Authors: Sorokin N. I.
Published: August 2023

The heterovalent solid solution Sr1-xYxF2+x with fluorite structure (sp. gr. Fm3m) can be synthesized in single-crystal and nanoceramic forms. Comparison of their electrical properties shows that nanoceramics have a higher ionic conductivity than single crystals the same composition. In the single-crystal state of the solid solution, the migration mechanism dominates interstitial ions F'i in the bulk of the sample, in the nanoceramic state ther is the vacancy migration mechanism VFo along the grain boundaries of the sample. Using electrophysical and structural data, we calculated mobility μmob and concentration nmob of ionic charge carriers in a single crystal (a=0.5722 nm) and ceramics (a=0.57442 nm) of composition Sr0.7Y0.3F2.3. The defect mobility F'i (μmob=4.5·10-10 cm^2/(V·s) at 500 K) in a single crystal is less than the mobility of vacancies VFo in nanoceramics by 140 times. The concentration charge carriers is nmob=1.1·1021 and 6.9·1021 cm-3 (2.2 and 14.2% of the total number of anions) for single crystal and nanoceramics, respectively. Keywords: ionic conductivity, fluorides, crystal growth, ceramic synthesis, fluorite structure, defects.
Precession Dynamics of the Uniaxial Nanoparticle Magnetization in the Ferromagnetic Resonance Region
Authors: Shutyi A. M.  , Vasilevskaya T. M.  , Sementsov D. I.  , Eliseeva S.V.
Published: August 2023

The influence of the shape parameter (oblateness) of a uniaxial ellipsoidal nanoparticle on the dynamics of its magnetic moment upon magnetization along the symmetry axis and excitation by a weak transverse high-frequency field in the region of parameters where the equilibrium magnetic moment of the nanoparticle and the external static field is noncollinear has been studied. It is shown that as the oblateness increases, the irregularity of the oscillations increases, which at first affects only their amplitude, but then also the time dependence. The intervals of the shape parameter (or frequency), where various nonlinear modes of precession are realized --- dynamic bistability, complex spatial attractors and chaos, were revealed using bifurcation diagrams. Keywords: ellipsoidal nanoparticle, "easy" axis, effective anisotropy, ferromagnetic resonance, high frequency field, bistability, regular and chaotic precession.
Estimation of residual compressive stresses in deformed U8 steels with coarse-plate perlite by field dependences of magnetic permeability
Authors: Kuleev V.G.
Published: August 2023

The physical reasons for the formation of peaks of that part of the magnetic permeability, which is caused by transitions of only 90-degree domain boundaries μ90(H0) in deformed steel U8 with coarse-plate perlite when the field changes along the back of the hysteresis loop, are considered. It is shown that the orientation relations of the Patch-Pitch between single-crystal ferrite and cementite plates in U8 steel lead to the appearance of a constant angle between the magnetic moments of these plates and, consequently, to the appearance of corresponding local scattering fields. The latter can significantly affect the values of the peak fields of the curve μ90(H0). Theoretical expressions for these fields containing contributions of scattering fields that should be taken into account when determining residual compressive stresses are obtained. It is also shown that to determine the residual stresses, two expressions for peak fields are not enough, and additional experiments are needed, as which it is proposed to use the dependences of the coercive force on elastic tensile stresses. This leads to a complication of the algorithm for determining residual compressive stresses in comparison with the case of low-carbon steels. A method for estimating the values of local scattering fields in the ferrite parts of U8 steel grains with residual compressive stresses is proposed. Keywords: residual compressive stresses, deformed steel U8 with coarse-plate perlite, magnetic field, magnetization, magnetic permeability, 90-degree domain boundaries (DB), large-angle vicinity(LAV) and small-angle (SAV) grain boundaries of steel, orientation relations of the Patch-Pitch.
Brittle fracture of a conductor in a strong pulsed magnetic field
Authors: Russkikh P. A.  , Boltachev G. Sh.  , Paranin S.N.
Published: August 2023

The main factors resulting in conductor failure under the action of a strong pulsed magnetic field are analyzed. The theoretical model describes the geometry of a cylindrical thick-walled solenoid and considers magnetic field diffusion, ohmic heating of the material and mechanical stresses arising in it. The magnetic field amplitude at which induced stresses in the material reach the von Mises yield criterion is used as the Bth threshold field separating the areas of safe (non-destructive) and dangerous fields. In the case of an initially uniform material, the maximum heating temperature corresponding to this limit, which predetermines the thermomechanical stress, has been derived analytically. In the general case, based on the analysis of the calculated threshold field, the influence of various parameters (magnetic pulse characteristics, elastic moduli of the material, etc.) on the conductor resistance in the pulsed magnetic field is studied and ways of increasing the threshold field are proposed, in particular, by using different spatial profiles of the initial resistivity. It is shown that in comparison with a uniform material, a modified layer with increased resistivity formed on the surface allows to significantly increase the amplitude of the magnetic pulse withstood by the material without fracture. Keywords: Magnetic field diffusion, plastic deformation, thermomechanical stress, yield strength, von Mises yield criterion.
Effect of buffer coatings on the structural state and magnetic properties of (Cr-Mn)/Fe films
Authors: Vas’kovskiy V. O.  , Feshchenko A. A.  , Moskalev M. E.  , Lepalovskij V. N.  , Kravtsov E. A.  , Gorkovenko A. N.
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of a systematic study of the crystalline structure, microstructure, and hysteresis properties of (Cr80Mn20)/Fe bilayers, deposited on buffer coatings of various metals (Cr, Fe, W, Ta). It has been established that depending on the composition of the buffer coating and the thickness of the Cr-Mn layer, the latter develops body-centered cubic structure with either the (110) or (200) texture, or none. It is shown that the Cr-Mn layer is a source of increased coercivity in the adjacent Fe layer and when is in a certain structural state and has a relatively large thickness (100 nm) induces exchange bias in the Fe layer. The regularities obtained are interpreted in terms of the antiferromagnetic ordering of Cr-Mn and its relatively weak magnetic anisotropy Keywords: antiferromagnetics, ferromagnetic, bilayers, thickness, composition, temperature, texture, coercivity, exchange bias.