bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choosing the right laboratory: A review of clinical and forensic toxicology services for urine drug testing in pain management
Authors: Reisfield, MD Gary M. , Goldberger, PhD Bruce A. , Bertholf, PhD Roger L.
Published: June 2015

Urine drug testing (UDT) services are provided by a variety of clinical, forensic, and reference/specialty laboratories. These UDT services differ based on the principal activity of the laboratory. Clinical laboratories provide testing primarily focused on medical care (eg, emergency care, inpatients, and outpatient clinics), whereas forensic laboratories perform toxicology tests related to postmortem and criminal investigations, and drug-free workplace programs. Some laboratories now provide UDT specifically designed for monitoring patients on chronic opioid therapy. Accreditation programs for clinical laboratories have existed for nearly half a century, and a federal certification program for drug-testing laboratories was established in the 1980s. Standards of practice for forensic toxicology services other than workplace drug testing have been established in recent years. However, no accreditation program currently exists for UDT in pain management, and this review considers several aspects of laboratory accreditation and certification relevant to toxicology services, with the intention to provide guidance to clinicians in their selection of the appropriate laboratory for UDT surveillance of their patients on opioid therapy.
Trends in drug use from urine drug testing of addiction treatment clients
Authors: Kirsh, PhD Kenneth L. , Heit, MD Howard A. , Huskey, PharmD, CPE Angela , Strickland, PharmD, BCPS Jennifer , City, MA, BSN, RN Kathleen Egan , Passik, PhD Steven D.
Published: June 2015

Objective: Urine drug testing (UDT) can play an important role in the care of patients in recovery from addiction, and it has become necessary for providers and programs to utilize specific, accurate testing beyond what immunoassay (IA) provides.Design: A database of addiction treatment and recovery programs was sampled to demonstrate national trends in drug abuse and to explore potential clinical implications of differing results due to the type of testing utilized.Setting: Deidentified data was selected from a national laboratory testing company that had undergone liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS).Patients/Participants: A total of 4,299 samples were selected for study.Interventions: Descriptive statistics of the trends are presented. Results: In total, 48.5 percent (n = 2,082) of the samples were deemed in full agreement between the practice reports and the results of LC-MS/MS testing. The remaining 51.5 percent of samples fell into one of seven categories of unexpected results, with the most frequent being detection of an unreported prescription medication (n = 1,097).Conclusions: Results of UDT demonstrate that more than half of samples yield unexpected results from specimens collected in addiction treatment. When comparing results of IA and LC-MS/MS, it is important to consider the limits of IA in the detection of drug use by these patients.
FDA/DEA/PDMP/UDT: Alphabet soup or sensible and integrated risk management?
Authors: Passik, PhD Steven D. , Kirsh, PhD Kenneth L. , Twillman, PhD Robert K.
Published: June 2015

Objective: Both prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMP) and urine drug testing (UDT) are recommended as parts of an ongoing risk management approach for controlled substance prescribing. The authors provide an editorial and commentary to discuss the unique contributions of each to promote better clinical decision making for prescribers.Design: A commentary is employed along with brief discussion comparing four states with an active PDMP in place to three states without an active PDMP as it relates back to findings on UDT in those states from a laboratory conducting liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Conclusions: The commentary focuses on the place of both tools (UDT and PDMP) in risk management efforts. The argument is made that relying on a PDMP alone would lead to clinical decisions that may miss a great deal of problematic or aberrant behaviors.
Letters to the editor
Authors: Coppola, MD Maurizio , Mondola, MD Raffaella , Ruan, MD Xiulu , Ma, MD, PhD Li , Vo, MEd Ngoc , Chiravuri, MD Srinivas , Harshe, MD Devavrat G. , Mate, DPM, DNB Omkar S. , Cholera, DPM, DNB Rashmin M. , Kale Sanjiv S.
Published: June 2015

W-15: A new, potential opioid of abuseIs there a paradox between opioid-prescribing by physicians and negative on-line ratings by patients?A case of physical and psychological dependence on butorphanol
Effect of dosing interval on pharmacokinetics of fentanyl pectin nasal spray from a crossover study
Authors: Chen, PhD Cuiping , Bujanover, MD Shay , Gupta, DO, PharmD Anita
Published: June 2015

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different dosing intervals on multiple-dose pharmacokinetics, and safety and tolerability of fentanyl pectin nasal spray (FPNS).Methods: This was an open-label study in healthy volunteers. Five FPNS treatments (1 × 100 μg; 2 × 100 μg at 4-, 2-, and 1-hour intervals, and 8 × 100 μg consecutively) were administered to the right nostril, with a ≥3-day washout period. Blood samples were collected at predose and up to 1,440 minutes postdose. Plasma fentanyl concentrations were determined. Pharmacokinetic parameters—peak concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (tmax), and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)—were derived using noncompartmental method. For the two-dose regimens, pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between doses using a paired t-test with p < 0.05 as statistically significant.Results: Thirteen subjects were enrolled and 10 completed the study. Median tmax was 10-15 minutes across five regimens. Cmax post the second dose significantly increased for 1-hour (p < 0.0001) and 2-hour (p < 0.001) but not 4-hour intervals (p = 0.462). Cmax and AUC0-24 following 8 × 100 μg were approximately fivefold of those following 1 × 100 μg. Dizziness (11.9 percent) and somnolence (4.9 percent) were most common adverse events (AEs). 12.9 percent of patients discontinued due to AEs.Conclusions: FPNS exhibited consistently rapid tmax. When intervals between two doses were shorter, the difference in Cmax between the first and second dose was larger. All regimens of FPNS were well tolerated. Exposure reached a plateau after eight consecutive doses, suggesting potential limited absorption through the nasal mucosa.
Particulate emissions from residential wood combustion in Europe – revised estimates and an evaluation
Authors: Denier van der Gon H. A. C. , Bergström R. , Fountoukis C. , Johansson C. , Pandis S. N. , Simpson D. , Visschedijk A. J. H.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Currently residential wood combustion (RWC) is increasing in Europe because of rising fossil fuel prices but also due to climate change mitigation policies. However, especially in small-scale applications, RWC may cause high emissions of particulate matter (PM). Recently we have developed a new high-resolution (7 × 7 km) anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosol emission inventory for Europe. The inventory indicated that about half of the total PM2.5 emission in Europe is carbonaceous aerosol and identified RWC as the largest organic aerosol source in Europe. The inventory was partly based on national reported PM emissions. Use of this organic aerosol inventory as input for two chemical transport models (CTMs), PMCAMx and EMEP MSC-W, revealed major underestimations of organic aerosol in winter time, especially for regions dominated by RWC. Interestingly, this was not universal but appeared to differ by country. In the present study we constructed a revised bottom-up emission inventory for RWC accounting for the semivolatile components of the emissions. The revised RWC emissions are higher than those in the previous inventory by a factor of 2–3 but with substantial inter-country variation. The new emission inventory served as input for the CTMs and a substantially improved agreement between measured and predicted organic aerosol was found. The revised RWC inventory improves the model-calculated organic aerosol significantly. Comparisons to Scandinavian source apportionment studies also indicate substantial improvements in the modelled wood-burning component of organic aerosol. This suggests that primary organic aerosol emission inventories need to be revised to include the semivolatile organic aerosol that is formed almost instantaneously due to dilution and cooling of the flue gas or exhaust. Since RWC is a key source of fine PM in Europe, a major revision of the emission estimates as proposed here is likely to influence source–receptor matrices and modelled source apportionment. Since usage of biofuels in small combustion units is a globally significant source, the findings presented here are also relevant for regions outside of Europe.
Impact of interannual variations in sources of insoluble aerosol species on orographic precipitation over California's central Sierra Nevada
Authors: Creamean J. M. , Ault A. P. , White A. B. , Neiman P. J. , Ralph F. M. , Minnis P. , Prather K. A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Aerosols that serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) have the potential to profoundly influence precipitation processes. Furthermore, changes in orographic precipitation have broad implications for reservoir storage and flood risks. As part of the CalWater field campaign (2009–2011), the variability and associated impacts of different aerosol sources on precipitation were investigated in the California Sierra Nevada using an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer for precipitation chemistry, S-band profiling radar for precipitation classification, remote sensing measurements of cloud properties, and surface meteorological measurements. The composition of insoluble residues in precipitation samples collected at a surface site contained mostly local biomass burning and long-range-transported dust and biological particles (2009), local sources of biomass burning and pollution (2010), and long-range transport (2011). Although differences in the sources of insoluble residues were observed from year to year, the most consistent source of dust and biological residues were associated with storms consisting of deep convective cloud systems with significant quantities of precipitation initiated in the ice phase. Further, biological residues were dominant (up to 40%) during storms with relatively warm cloud temperatures (up to −15 °C), supporting the important role bioparticles can play as ice nucleating particles. On the other hand, lower percentages of residues from local biomass burning and pollution were observed over the three winter seasons (on average 31 and 9%, respectively). When precipitation quantities were relatively low, these insoluble residues most likely served as CCN, forming smaller more numerous cloud droplets at the base of shallow cloud systems, and resulting in less efficient riming processes. Ultimately, the goal is to use such observations to improve the mechanistic linkages between aerosol sources and precipitation processes to produce more accurate predictive weather forecast models and improve water resource management.
Impact of environmental moisture on tropical cyclone intensification
Authors: Wu L. , Su H. , Fovell R. G. , Dunkerton T. J. , Wang Z. , Kahn B. H.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The impacts of environmental moisture on the intensification of a tropical cyclone (TC) are investigated in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, with a focus on the azimuthal asymmetry of the moisture impacts. A series of sensitivity experiments with varying moisture perturbations in the environment are conducted and the Marsupial Paradigm framework is employed to understand the different moisture impacts. We find that modification of environmental moisture has insignificant impacts on the storm in this case unless it leads to convective activity in the environment, which deforms the quasi-Lagrangian boundary of the storm. By facilitating convection and precipitation outside the storm, enhanced environmental moisture ahead of the northwestward-moving storm induces a dry air intrusion to the inner core and limits TC intensification. However, increased moisture in the rear quadrants favors intensification by providing more moisture to the inner core and promoting storm symmetry, with primary contributions coming from moisture increase in the boundary layer. The different impacts of environmental moisture on TC intensification are governed by the relative locations of moisture perturbations and their interactions with the storm Lagrangian structure.
Challenges of parameterizing CCN due to changes in particle physicochemical properties: implications from observations at a suburban site in China
Authors: Zhang F. , Li Z. , Li Y. , Sun Y. , Wang Z. , Sun L. , Cribb M. , Zhao C. , Li P. , Wang Q.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. This study is concerned with the challenges of parameterizing cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) when changes in particle physicochemical properties occur, based on field measurements made at two distinct locations in China. The CCN nucleation efficiency of aerosols produced by local biomass burning was low. This is because the particles were freshly emitted with low oxidation level organics and thus are less hygroscopic. The CCN activation efficiency was enhanced significantly when the site was under the influence of air transported from far away, during which aerosol properties changed with more hygroscopic secondary organic and inorganic components. The influence of the variation in particle number size distribution (PSD) on estimating CCN number concentrations (NCCN) was examined, showing poor correlation (slope = 0.8, R2 = 0.35) of predicted and measured NCCN. While the PSD is found to play a dominant role in predicting (NCCN), a strong dependence of NCCN on the mass fraction of organics (xorg) was also noted. NCCN was underestimated by 52 and 13 % at supersaturation levels of 0.13 and 0.76 %, respectively, when xorg = 66 %. NCCN was slightly overestimated, or in good agreement, with observations when xorg was reduced to 35 % (R2 = 0.94). The applicability of the CCN activation spectrum obtained at Xinzhou to the Xianghe site, about 400 km to the northeast of Xinzhou, was investigated, with the goal of further examining the sensitivity of CCN to aerosol type. Overall, the mean CCN efficiency spectrum derived from Xinzhou performs well at Xianghe when the supersaturation levels are > 0.2 % (overestimation of 2–4 %). However, NCCN was overestimated by ∼ 20 % at supersaturation levels of < 0.1 %. This suggests that the overestimation is mainly due to the smaller proportion of aged and oxidized organic aerosols present at Xianghe compared with Xinzhou.
The micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor–droplet freezing technique (MOUDI-DFT) for measuring concentrations of ice nucleating particles as a function of size: improvements and initial validation
Authors: Mason R. H. , Chou C. , McCluskey C. S. , Levin E. J. T. , Schiller C. L. , Hill T. C. J. , Huffman J. A. , DeMott P. J. , Bertram A. K.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor–droplet freezing technique (MOUDI-DFT) combines particle collection by inertial impaction (via the MOUDI) and a microscope-based immersion freezing apparatus (the DFT) to measure atmospheric concentrations of ice nucleating particles (INPs) as a function of size and temperature. In the first part of this study we improved upon this recently introduced technique. Using optical microscopy, we investigated the non-uniformity of MOUDI aerosol deposits at spatial resolutions of 1, 0.25 mm, and for some stages when necessary 0.10 mm. The results from these measurements show that at a spatial resolution of 1 mm and less, the concentration of particles along the MOUDI aerosol deposits can vary by an order of magnitude or more. Since the total area of a MOUDI aerosol deposit ranges from 425 to 605 mm2 and the area analyzed by the DFT is approximately 1.2 mm2, this non-uniformity needs to be taken into account when using the MOUDI-DFT to determine atmospheric concentrations of INPs. Measurements of the non-uniformity of the MOUDI aerosol deposits were used to select positions on the deposits that had relatively small variations in particle concentration and to build substrate holders for the different MOUDI stages. These substrate holders improve reproducibility by holding the substrate in the same location for each measurement and ensure that DFT analysis is only performed on substrate regions with relatively small variations in particle concentration. In addition, the deposit non-uniformity was used to determine correction factors that take the non-uniformity into account when determining atmospheric concentrations of INPs. In the second part of this study, the MOUDI-DFT utilizing the new substrate holders was compared to the continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) technique of Colorado State University. The intercomparison was done using INP concentrations found by the two instruments during ambient measurements of continental aerosols. Results from two sampling periods were compared, and the INP concentrations determined by the two techniques agreed within experimental uncertainty. The agreement observed here is commensurate with the level of agreement found in other studies where CFDC results were compared to INP concentrations measured with other methods.
Real-time monitoring of trace-level VOCs by an ultrasensitive compact lamp-based VUV photoionization mass spectrometer
Authors: Sun W. Q. , Shu J. N. , Zhang P. , Li Z. , Li N. N. , Liang M. , Yang B.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. In this study, we report on the development of a compact lamp-based vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization mass spectrometer (PIMS; hereafter referred to as VUV-PIMS) in our laboratory; it is composed of a radio frequency-powered VUV lamp, a VUV photoionizer, an ion-immigration region, and a reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer. By utilizing the novel photoionizer consisting of a photoionization cavity and a VUV light baffle, extremely low background noise was obtained. An ultrasensitive detection limit (2σ) of 3 pptv was achieved for benzene after an acquisition time of 10 s. To examine its potential for application in real-time sample monitoring, the developed VUV-PIMS was employed for the continuous measurement of urban air for six days in Beijing, China. Strong signals of trace-level volatile organic compounds such as benzene and its alkylated derivatives were observed in the mass spectra. These initial experimental results reveal that the instrument can be used for the online monitoring of trace-level species in the atmosphere.
Spatial and seasonal contrasts of sedimentary organic matter in floodplain lakes of the central Amazon basin
Authors: Sobrinho R. L. , Bernardes M. C. , Abril G. , Kim J.-H. , Zell C. I. , Mortillaro J.-M. , Meziane T. , Moreira-Turcq P. , Sinninghe Damsté J. S.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. In this study, we investigated the seasonal and spatial pattern of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) in five floodplain lakes of the central Amazon basin (Cabaliana, Janauaca, Canaçari, Miratuba, and Curuai) which have different morphologies, hydrodynamics and vegetation coverages. Surface sediments were collected in four hydrological seasons: low water (LW), rising water (RW), high water (HW) and falling water (FW) in 2009 and 2010. We investigated commonly used bulk geochemical tracers such as the C : N ratio and the stable isotopic composition of organic carbon (δ13Corg). These results were compared with lignin-phenol parameters as an indicator of vascular plant detritus and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) to trace the input of soil organic matter (OM) from land to the aquatic settings. We also applied the isoprenoid GDGT (iGDGT) crenarchaeol as an indicator of riverine suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM). Our data showed that during the RW and FW seasons, the surface sediments were enriched in lignin and brGDGTs in comparison to other seasons. Our study also indicated that floodplain lake sediments primarily consisted of allochthonous, C3 plant-derived OM. However, a downstream increase in C4 macrophyte derived OM contribution was observed along the gradient of increasing open waters, i.e. from upstream to downstream. Accordingly, we attribute temporal and spatial difference in SOM composition to the hydrological dynamics between the floodplain lakes and the surrounding flooded forests.
Recycling vs. stabilisation of soil sugars – a long-term laboratory incubation experiment
Authors: Basler A. , Dippold M. , Helfrich M. , Dyckmans J.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Independent of its chemical structure carbon (C) persists in soil for several decades, controlled by stabilisation and recycling. To disentangle the importance of the two factors on the turnover dynamics of soil sugars, an important compound of soil organic matter (SOM), a three year incubation experiment was conducted on a silty loam soil under different types of land use (arable land, grassland and forest) by adding 13C-labeled glucose. The compound specific isotope analysis of soil sugars was used to examine the dynamics of different sugars during incubation. Sugar dynamics were dominated by a pool of high mean residence times (MRT) indicating that recycling plays an important role for sugars. However, this was not substantially affected by soil C content. Six months after label addition the contribution of the label was much higher for microbial biomass than for CO2 production for all examined soils, corroborating that substrate recycling was very effective within the microbial biomass. Two different patterns of tracer dynamics could be identified for different sugars: while fucose (fuc) and mannose (man) showed highest label contribution at the beginning of the incubation with a subsequent slow decline, galactose (gal) and rhamnose (rha) were characterised by slow label incorporation with subsequently constant levels, which indicates that recycling is dominating the dynamics of these sugars. This may correspond to (a) different microbial growing strategies (r and K-strategist) or (b) location within or outside the cell membrane (lipopolysaccharides vs. exopolysaccharides) and thus be subject of different re-use within the microbial food web. Our results show how the microbial community recycles substrate very effectively and that high losses of substrate only occur during initial stages after substrate addition.
Dye tracing to determine flow properties of hydrocarbon-polluted Rabots glaciär, Kebnekaise, Sweden
Authors: Clason C. C. , Coch C. , Jarsjö J. , Brugger K. , Jansson P. , Rosqvist G.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Over 11 000 L of kerosene was deposited on the surface of Rabots glaciär on the Kebnekaise Massif, northern Sweden, following the crash of a Royal Norwegian Air Force aircraft in March 2012. An environmental monitoring programme was subsequently commissioned, including a series of dye tracing experiments during the 2013 melt season, conducted to investigate the transport of pollutants through the glacier hydrological system. This experimental set-up provided a basis from which we could gain new insight into the internal hydrological system of Rabots glaciär. Results of dye tracing experiments reveal a degree of homogeneity in the topology of the drainage system throughout July and August, with an increase in efficiency as the season progresses, as reflected by decreasing temporary storage and dispersivity. Early onset of melting likely led to formation of an efficient, discrete drainage system early in the melt season, subject to decreasing sinuosity and braiding as the season progressed. Four distinct meltwater flow regimes are identified to summarize the temporal and spatial evolution of the system. Analysis of turbidity-discharge hysteresis further supports the formation of discrete, efficient drainage, with clockwise diurnal hysteresis suggesting easy mobilization of readily available sediments in channels. Dye injection immediately downstream of the pollution source zone reveals prolonged storage of dye followed by fast, efficient release. Twinned with a low dye recovery, and supported by sporadic detection of hydrocarbons in the proglacial river, we suggest that meltwater, and thus pollutants in solution, may be released periodically through an efficient, and likely pressurized, hydrological system within the upper reaches of the glacier.
Impacts of mean dynamic topography on a regional ocean assimilation system
Authors: Yan C. , Zhu J. , A. S. Tanajura C.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. An ocean assimilation system was developed for the Pacific-Indian oceans with the aim of assimilating altimetry data, sea surface temperature, and in-situ measurements from ARGO, XBT, CTD, and TAO. The altimetry data assimilation requires the addition of the mean dynamic topography to the altimetric sea level anomaly to match the model sea surface height. The mean dynamic topography is usually computed from the model long-term mean sea surface height, and is also available from gravimeteric satellite data. In this study, different mean dynamic topographies are used to examine their impacts on the sea level anomaly assimilation. Results show that impacts of the mean dynamic topography cannot be neglected. The mean dynamic topography from the model long-term mean sea surface height without assimilating in-situ observations results in worsened subsurface temperature and salinity estimates. The gravimeter-based mean dynamic topography results in an even worse estimate. Even if all available observations including in-situ measurements, sea surface temperature measurements, and altimetry data are assimilated, the estimates are still not improved. This further indicates that the other types of observations do not compensate for the shortcoming due to the altimetry data assimilation. The mean dynamic topography computed from the model's long-term mean sea surface height after assimilating in-situ observations presents better results.
Socio-economic modifications of the Universal Soil Loss Equation
Authors: Erol A. , Koşkan Ö. , Başaran M. A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. While social scientists have long focused on socio-economic and demographic factors, physical modelers typically study soil loss using physical factors. In the current environment, it is becoming increasingly important to consider both approaches simultaneously for the conservation of soil and water, and the improvement of land use conditions. This study uses physical and socio-economic factors to find a coefficient that evaluates the combination of these factors. It aims to determine the effect of socio-economic factors on soil loss and, in turn, to modify the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The methodology employed in this study specifies that soil loss can be calculated and predicted by comparing the degree of soil loss in watersheds, with and without human influence, given the same overall conditions. A coefficient for socio-economic factors, therefore, has been determined based on adjoining watersheds (WS I and II), employing simulation methods. Combinations of C and P factors were used in the USLE to find the impact of their contributions on soil loss. The results revealed that these combinations provided good estimation of soil loss amounts for the second watershed, i.e. WS II, from the adjoining watersheds studied in this work. This study shows that a coefficient of 0.008 modified the USLE to reflect the socio-economic factors as settlement influencing the amount of soil loss in the watersheds studied.
Dramatic loss of glacier accumulation area on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by ice core tritium and mercury records
Authors: Kang S. , Wang F. , Morgenstern U. , Zhang Y. , Grigholm B. , Kaspari S. , Schwikowski M. , Ren J. , Yao T. , Qin D. , Mayewski P. A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Two ice cores were retrieved from high elevations (~5800 m a.s.l.) at Mt. Nyainqêntanglha and Mt. Geladaindong in the southern and central Tibetan Plateau region. The combined tracer analysis of tritium (3H), 210Pb and mercury, along with other chemical records, provided multiple lines of evidence supporting that the two coring sites had not received net ice accumulation since at least the 1950s and 1980s, respectively. These results implied an annual ice loss rate of more than several hundred millimeter water equivalent over the past 30–60 years. Both mass balance modeling at the sites and in situ data from the nearby glaciers confirmed a continuously negative mass balance (or mass loss) in the region due to dramatic warming in recent decades. Along with a recent report on Naimona'nyi Glacier in the Himalayas, the findings suggest that the loss of accumulation area of glacier is a possibility from the southern to central Tibetan Plateau at high elevations, probably up to about 5800 m a.s.l. This mass loss raises concerns over the rapid rate of glacier ice loss and associated changes in surface glacier runoff, water availability, and sea levels.
Le concept de "hantises": de Derrida à Ricoeur (et retour)
Authors: Stavo-Debauge Joan
Published: June 2015

Cet article considère l’utilisation du concept de « hantise » chez Derrida et Ricœur. Commençant par l’usage du concept par Derrida dans Spectre de Marx, l’article vient ensuite sur la façon dont Ricœur dessine deux usages distincts du même concept dans La mémoire, l’histoire et l’oubli et dans Parcours de la reconnaissance. Après avoir évalué les différents usages de ce concept dans le travail de Ricœur, l’article propose une nouvelle compréhension de ce phénomène de la "hantise", à l’horizon de son utilisation par les sciences sociales et historiques.
Représentation religieuse chez Kant et la philosophie kérygmatique de la religion de Ricœur
Authors: Yang Myung Su
Published: June 2015

La philosophie Ricœurienne de la religion suit l’anthropologie kantienne, la bonté originaire et le mal radical de la nature humaine. Ricœur, toutefois, considère le problème du mal plus profondément que Kant. Il cherche alors, dans le kérygme religieux, la motivation plus profonde que le motif autonome, alors que Kant, par l’interprétation allégorique, s’adonne à la démystication de la religion historique. Le Dieu nommé s’addresse, au-delà du Dieu conceptuel kantien, au sens super-abondant au millieu du non-sens de la vie et ouvre l’horizon de théonomie. Celle-ci fait du commandement de l’amour un appel non-violent; l’amour qui réunit la forme universelle et la matière particulière de la norme morale.
Métaphores, paraboles et analogie: La référence à la théologie dans la pensée de Paul Ricœur
Authors: Vincent Gilbert
Published: June 2015

Il est admis que l’étude de la métaphore représente une inflexion décisive dans l’herméneutique de Ricœur. On sait peut-être moins que cette étude est concomitante de celle de la parabole, qui représente une inflexion également notable dans la contribution ricœurienne à l’herméneutique biblique. Il arrive pourtant qu’on tire argument de cette concomitance pour prétendre que le transfert de certains présupposés théologiques (quant à la nature du langage et de la Vérité) s’en trouve facilité, et l’on ne craint pas d’avancer que les pages consacrées à l’analogia entis, dans La métaphore vive, prouvent la prégnance d’intérêts théologiques douteux dans l’élaboration de la théorie de la métaphore. Pour contrer cette critique dévastatrice, nous nous appuierons sur certaines analyses d’Umberto Eco, qui impliquent que la question des rapports entre analogia entis et métaphore n’a rien d’épistémologiquement scandaleux, et sur celles d’Alain qui, voici un siècle, a esquissé une interprétation des paraboles très proche de celle de Ricœur.
Lecture philosophique et lecture théologique de la Bible chez Paul Ricœur
Authors: Frey Daniel
Published: June 2015

L’attention portée à la Bible, sans être centrale, est constante dans l’œuvre de Paul Ricœur. Plusieurs approches de la Bible s’y succèdent. Dans La Symbolique du mal (1960), Ricœur cherche à penser à partir des symboles bibliques dans une intention clairement philosophique, qui fait cependant usage d’un schéma théologique (“croire pour comprendre”). Dans les essais d’herméneutique biblique ultérieurs, comme “Herméneutique de l’idée de révélation” (1977), Ricœur choisit de se placer à distance de la lecture théologique, afin de permettre à sa lecture philosophique de saisir toute l’étrangeté de la Bible. Plus tard, ses méditations quasi-privées sur la mort et son imaginaire (Vivant jusqu’à la mort, 2007) le conduiront à nouveau à explorer les zones de croisement entre la lecture philosophique et la lecture théologique de la Bible, et à proposer une très étonnante et stimulante critique des récits bibliques de résurrection.
The Effect of Job Burnout on Employees’ Satisfaction: A Comparison Study between Public Universities and Private Universities in Jordan
Authors: Khdour Naser Jamal , Durrah Omar , Harris Martin
Published: June 2015

This study seeks to shed light on the phenomenon of job burnout, and its prevalence amongst the staff and seeks to address the issue of the level of job satisfaction in Jordanian universities, together with the examination of the effect of job burnout on job satisfaction. The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach through a comparative study between public universities and private universities, and used the questionnaire as basic tool for data collection, which was distributed to a sample of (200) members of the administrative staff in Jordanian public and private universities. The study found that the degree of job burnout experienced by the administrative staff in the university sector was more than average, Showed that low personal performance dimension has ranked the first as the most persistent job burnout dimension then physical and emotional exhaustion then negative attitude towards relationships. It observed that the degree of job burnout in public universities was greater than in the private universities. The level of staff job satisfaction in the public universities was less than that observed in private universities. The study showed that no dimension of job morally affects on employees satisfaction in public universities. while only one dimension (low personal achievement) affects employees satisfaction in private universities.
On Stiffness Regulators with Dissipative Injection for Robot Manipulators
Authors: Chávez-Olivares César , Reyes-Cortés Fernando , González-Galván Emilio
Published: June 2015

The stiffness controller proposed by Salisbury is an interaction control strategy designed to achieve a desired form of static behavior as regards the interaction of a robot manipulator with the environment. The main idea behind this approach is the simulation of a multidimensional linear spring - or linear elastic material - using the difference between the actual position of the end-effector and a constant position (relaxed point), multiplied by a constant stiffness matrix. In this paper, this idea is generalized with the objective of proposing a controller structure that includes a family of stiffness models based on the idea of linear elastic materials. The new controller structure also includes a damping term in order to have control over energy dissipation, as well as a term added for the purpose of compensating the gravity forces of the links. The stability analysis of the proposed controller was performed in the Lyapunov sense. The new stiffness controller is presented as a case study and compared to other cases, such as the Salisbury controller (Cartesian PD) and the tanh-tanh controller. Experimental results using a three degrees-of-freedom direct-drive robot for the evaluation of controllers in a constrained motion task are presented.
Structural Dynamics of a Pulsed-Jet Propulsion System for Underwater Soft Robots
Authors: Renda Federico , Serchi Francesco Giorgio , Boyer Frederic , Laschi Cecilia
Published: June 2015

This paper entails the study of the pulsed-jet propulsion inspired by cephalopods in the frame of underwater bioinspired robotics. This propulsion routine involves a sequence of consecutive cycles of inflation and collapse of an elastic bladder, which, in the robotics artefact developed by the authors, is enabled by a cable-driven actuation of a deformable shell composed of rubber-like materials. In the present work an all-comprehensive formulation is derived by resorting to a coupled approach that comprises of a model of the structural dynamics of the cephalopod-like elastic bladder and a model of the pulsed-jet thrust production. The bladder, or mantle, is modelled by means of geometrically exact, axisymmetric, nonlinear shell theory, which yields an accurate estimation of the forces involved in driving the deformation of the structure in water. By coupling these results with those from a standard thrust model, the behaviour of the vehicle propelling itself in water is derived. The constitutive laws of the shell are also exploited as control laws with the scope of replicating the muscle activation routine observed in cephalopods. The model is employed to test various shapes, material properties and actuation routines of the mantle. The results are compared in terms of speed performance in order to identify suitable design guidelines. Altogether, the model is tested in more than 50 configurations, eventually providing useful insight for the development of more advanced vehicles and bringing evidence of its reliability in studying the dynamics of both man-made cephalopod-inspired robots and live specimens.
Structural-Parameter-Based Jumping-Height-and-Distance Adjustment and Obstacle Sensing of a Bio-Inspired Jumping Robot
Authors: Zhang Jun , Yang Xi , Song Guangming , Zhang Ying , Fei Shumin , Song Aiguo
Published: June 2015

Jumping-height-and-distance (JHD) active adjustment capability is important for jumping robots to overcome different sizes of obstacle. This paper proposes a new structural-parameter-based JHD active adjustment approach for our previous jumping robot. First, the JHD adjustments, modifying the lengths of different legs of the robot, are modelled and simulated. Then, three mechanisms for leg-length adjustment are proposed and compared, and the screw-and-nut mechanism is selected. And for adjusting of different structural-parameters using this mechanism, the one with the best JHD adjusting performance and the lowest mechanical complexity is adopted. Thirdly, an obstacle-distance-and-height (ODH) detection method using only one infrared sensor is designed. Finally, the performances of the proposed methods are tested. Experimental results show that the jumping-height-and-distance adjustable ranges are 0.11 m and 0.96 m, respectively, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed JHD adjustment method.
O cuidado além da saúde
Authors: Silva Maria Rocineide Ferreira da , Silveira Lia Carneiro , Pontes Ricardo José Soares , Vieira Alcivan Nunes
Published: June 2015

This reflection aims to discuss health care and the concepts of bonding, autonomy and territory as a structuring of care practices, from the perspective of the subjectivity of patients requiring care at the Family Health Strategy. It starts from an experience when a team witnessed a patient with a diagnosis of breast cancer; at first, care turned to the need for care of a wound. However, the patient's physical pain was lower than that related to the pain due to the absence of her family. By deciding to discontinue drug treatment, she highlighted her unique demands of care that fell outside the scope of technologies offered by the health care service. Facing this demand, professionals experienced a process of redefining concepts, knowledge and care practices. New linkages were established in a territory that was not only physical and institutional, but also affective. Respecting the patient's autonomy involved creating new forces of care, beyond technical and scientific knowledge. Based on this experience, it was realized that care itself goes beyond the offer of actions and health services. If considered from the perspective that, during health care, we deal with subjects, their lives and individually produced care perspectives, health care cannot be subjugated to procedures, routines and care protocols. The Family Health Strategy constitutes a privileged locus of care experiences that go beyond health itself.
Engine Of Innovation: Building the High Performance Catalog
Authors: Owen Will , Michalak Sarah C.
Published: June 2015

Numerous studies have indicated the sophisticated web-based search engines have eclipsed the primary importance of the library catalog as the premier tool for researchers in Higher education.  We submit that the catalog remains central to the research process.  Through a series of strategic enhancements, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in partnership with the other members of the Triangle Research Libraries Network, has made the catalog a carrier of services in addition to bibliographic data, facilitating not simply discovery but also delivery of the information researchers seek.
President's Column: Making an Impact in the Time That is Given to Us
Authors: Vacek Rachel
Published: June 2015

Presiden't Column: Making an Impact in the Time That is Given to Us
A Brief Study of Cambodian Circular Earthwork Ceramics as
Authors: Dega Michael F , Latinis Kyle
Published: June 2015

Prehistoric circular earthwork sites occurring across the basaltic plateau of eastern Cambodia/western Vietnam are internally homogenous in terms of site characteristics and material record. Energy Dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis of several earthwork ceramic assemblage samples was studied in efforts to identify if ceramic production centers could be recognized within the circular site grouping. The EDXRF study provides an additional level of analysis to show that earthwork pottery was not being traded further south, into the Mekong Delta floodplains, and vice-versa.
Seals, Amulets and Coinages of Dvaravati Cultural Sites: Understanding their Social Environment and Religious Network.
Authors: Ghosh Suchandra , Ghosh Lipi
Published: June 2015

This paper examines the presence of seals, sealings, amulets and coinages at the Dvaravati cultural sites in the context of their relation with objects unearthed across the shores of the Bay of Bengal in India. The social environment of the voyaging objects is also looked into apart from situating them in the religious network of the period. The presentation, while discussing the network of relations, also addresses the question of agency in the whole process of interaction spanning across the Bay of Bengal.
Technology of Dvaravati Pottery: A View from Petrographic Analysis.
Authors: Aussavamas Duangkamol
Published: June 2015

This study focuses on the examination of aspects of the carinated pottery of the Dvaravati period. This type of pottery is one of the most prominent types found in a large number of Dvaravati sites in Thailand. Samples used for this study were collected from excavations at archaeological sites located in several regions of Thailand including Northern, Northeastern and Central Thailand. The carinated potteries were analyzed using petrographic analysis. The objective of this work was to examine the pottery fabric. This method is used to establish sources of raw materials, and whether production techniques, decorations, and firing temperature show patterns associated with the raw material source distributions. It is also possible to reconstruct the production technology of the vessels. Knowing the source of raw materials (source of clay and temper) and understanding the patterns of manufacturing and decorative processes help better understand material distribution patterns of the Dvaravati period. Analysis shows that Dvaravati earthenware pottery raw materials include both primary and secondary clays, and that temper used was both organic matter (rice chaff) and grogs (fired clay mixed with iron oxide). Evidence for wheel-thrown production was associated with all decoration styles, and finishing techniques included plain, polishing, incising, cord marking, red slip and black burnishing. The firing temperatures were as low as 400-550° C. These samples indicate there was general homogeneity over a wide area, but also the presence of regional groups of pottery. This suggests the widespread circulation of pottery styles among various production centers during the Dvaravati period.
Quelles utilisations des images de l’exposition sur les sites Internet de musées ? Congruence et incohérence entre objets et images numériques
Authors: Sandri Eva
Published: June 2015

Dans cet article, l’auteure observe la relation entre les objets d’une collection muséale tels qu’ils sont disposés dans l’exposition et tels qu’ils sont valorisés sur les sites Internet des institutions muséales. L’objectif étant d’évaluer le degré de congruence entre ces deux lieux, il s’agira de comparer les deux médias que sont l’exposition et le site Internet afin de mettre au jour la relation qui les unit et de comprendre s’il y a un rapport de subordination ou de complémentarité entre les deux. Cette analyse sera menée à l’aide des outils descriptifs du webdesign avec les exemples de trois institutions muséales visitées en mai 2013 : Boréalis Centre d’histoire de l’industrie papetière de Trois-Rivières, le Centre d’histoire de Montréal et le musée Grévin de Montréal. À travers l’analyse de la place des substituts numériques de ces objets sur les sites Internet de ces institutions se dessine une typologie de ces sites : ceux qui expliquent l’image et ceux qui donnent simplement à voir le lieu d’exposition. On observera que la majorité des sites Internet étudiés n’accordent pas une place centrale à leurs objets de collection. Le contenu des sites semble davantage focalisé sur l’évocation du lieu et les informations pratiques. Il y aurait donc un décalage dans la façon dont les objets de musée (notamment des musées d’histoire et d’ethnographie) sont exposés dans les deux médias. En outre, cette circulation de l’objet de collection entre le statut d’expôt, de document, de source et d’oeuvre, complexifie la mise en place d’un site Internet qui distingue clairement ce qui relève de la collection et ce qui relève de la description de la collection. À l’heure où le document et l’archive tendent à faire partie des collections, les sites Internet observés rendent compte de cette indécision. En observant le parti pris de ces sites, on remarque que les images numériques montrent les lieux de l’exposition (notamment l’organisation spatiale de l’espace) plus que leurs objets.
Les oeuvres d’art contemporain dans les musées de société : que nous disent-elles ?
Authors: Lemay-Perreault Rébéca
Published: June 2015

Les années quatre-vingt voient se développer une tendance dans les musées de société : l’exposition d’oeuvres d’art contemporain. Dans ces lieux muséaux qui ne sont pas consacrés à l’art, dont l’objectif est d’amener le visiteur à porter un regard sur l’histoire ou un phénomène social, ces institutions muséales qui possèdent une collection d’artefacts, de vidéos, de témoignages, etc. ressentent malgré tout le besoin d’exposer l’art contemporain. Pourquoi ? Dans quel but ? Qu’est-ce que les oeuvres d’art contemporain au musée de société disent que les objets ethnologiques à côté desquels elles sont exposées ne disent pas ? Un nouvel usage des oeuvres d’art contemporain se fait en ces lieux : non plus uniquement exposées pour leurs qualités artistiques, elles entrent en dialogue avec les objets exposés dans les musées de société pour former un nouveau discours. Dans la mesure où, comme le soulignent Serge Chaumier et Jean Davallon, l’exposition se conçoit comme le fil d’un récit qui se déroule à travers son parcours et via lequel le sens n’est pas dévoilé par la seule présence des objets mais aussi par le contexte, il apparaît essentiel de questionner l’impact des dispositifs de médiation des musées de société sur les oeuvres d’art contemporain. Un questionnement qui sera aiguillé par l’analyse comparative de deux cas de figure régionaux québécois : le centre Boréalis situé à Trois-Rivières et le Musée de la femme à Longueuil.