bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Capabilities of MRI Versus 18F FDG PET-CT in Postoperative Patients with Thyroglobulin Positive, 131I-negative Local Recurrent or Metastatic Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Samanci Cesur , Onal Yilmaz , Sager Sait , Asa Sertac , Ustabasioglu Fethi Emre , Alis Deniz , Akman Canan , Sonmezoglu Kerim
Published: November 2019

Background:

The detection of recurrence or metastasis might be challenging in patients,
who underwent total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
(DTC), with increased serum Thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative 131I whole body scan
(131I-WBS) results.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (18F FDG
PET-CT) to detect recurrence or cervical and upper mediastinal metastases in postoperative DTC
patients who had negative 131I-WBS despite elevated serum Tg levels.

Study Design:

This study has a retrospective study design.

Methods:

We evaluated cervical and upper mediastinal MRI and 18F FDG PET-CT of 32 postoperative
patients with DTC (26 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and 6 patients with follicular
thyroid carcinoma).

Results:

We evaluated 44 lesions in 32 patients. For all lesions, the Positive Predictive Value,
(PPV) Negative Predictive Value (NPV), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI were 81.4%,
76.4%, 84.6%, 72.2%, and 79.5% respectively. The PPV, NPV, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy
of 18F FDG PET-CT were 100.0%, 85.7%, 88.4%, 100.0%, and 93.1%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Although we could not replace 18F FDG PET-CT, MRI might be used as an adjunct to
18F FDG PET-CT for the evaluation of recurrent or cervical and upper mediastinal metastatic thyroid
cancers; however, MRI is inadequate for the detection of metastases in small lymph nodes.
Drug and Non-drug Treatment of Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Zelnik Nathanel
Published: November 2019

Background:

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple repetitive motor and vocal tics. In most patients, its clinical course has a waxing and waning nature and most patients, usually children, will benefit from tolerant environmental and psychoeducation. Patients with more complicated tics, in particular, those with significant comorbidities will require drug therapy.

Objective:

The present paper is a mini-review of the current therapeutic arsenal for TS with reference to drug and non-drug management approach.

Methods:

A systematic survey of medical literature regarding the treatment decision making and the reported clinical trials or accumulating experience with different medications or other therapeutic modalities which were proven beneficial over the years.

Results:

Reviewing the literature indicates that dopamine antagonists, such as haloperidol and pimozoide, are the most reliable agents in terms of treatment response. Due to numerous adverse effects, newer atypical anti-psychotic drugs have been shown effective. Other widely accepted medications include alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, benzamides, dopamine depleting agents, benzodiazepines and dopamine depleting agents. In more selective and intractable cases botulinum toxin, dopamine agonists and cannabinoids should be also considered. Non-pharmacologic therapies reported beneficial effects, which include on the one hand, non-invasive behavioral techniques, such as comprehensive behavior therapy for tics. While on the other hand, in cases with particular protracted pharmaco-resistant tics electric stimulation techniques, such as deep brain stimulation, have been shown to be successful.

Conclusion:

Currently, there are numerous multifarious options for treatment of tics and other comorbid symptoms of TS. Nevertheless, treatment options and decision-making algorithms are still a clinical challenge.

Area Covered:

A step by step decision-making and various drugs and non-pharmacologic modalities appropriate for the management of TS.
Interleukin 1-beta is Linked to Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight Adolescents
Authors: Amaral Gisele A. , Alves Josilene D. , Honorio-França Adenilda C. , Fagundes Danny L. , Araujo Gabriel Gomes , Lobato Nubia S. , Lima Victor V. , Giachini Fernanda R.
Published: November 2019

Aim:

We hypothesized that IL-1β concentrations are augmented in overweight adolescents, who do not display metabolic syndrome. Additionally, we aimed to correlate the IL-1β concentrations with several established risk factors for CVD.

Methods:

Overweight or control subjects, aging from 14-18 years, were classified according to their adjusted body mass index and evaluated for biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β was assessed in the serum.

Results:

Increased body fat percentage, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol, Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, Castelli I index, IL-1β, and IL-8 levels, were observed in overweight adolescents. No differences were observed in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glucose or High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Positive correlations between IL-1β with anthropometric and or biochemical parameters were found.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, increased IL-1β levels correlate to dyslipidemic factors and may further support low-grade inflammation. IL-1β may further predict the early onset of cardiovascular disease in this population, taking into consideration its important regulatory role.
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Detection of Aflatoxin B1 by Self-Assembled Monolayer Technique
Authors: Raykova Raya , A. Marinkova Dessislava , A. Semerdzhieva Vera , Michiel Magalie , Griesmar Pascal , Mourdjeva Milena , Yaneva Spaska , T. Iliev Ivo
Published: November 2019

Background:

New biosensor techniques allowing detection of low concentrated substances show a great variety nowadays. The construction of a system with modified quartz as a part of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) techniques helps the detection and confirmation of low toxin concentrations in a sample.

Objective:

The study aims to allow the application of methods for preparation and modification of the gold surface of piezoelectric crystal for detection of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in the concentration range 0.2 - 2.0 µg/L by QCM technique (quartz - crystal microbalance).

Methods:

The procedure for the preparation of quartz crystal sensors for experimental purposes was performed. The quartz surface was activated and covered with self-assembled monolayer to immobilize antibody (rabbit anti-aflatoxin B1) for the detection of antigen - antibody reaction.

Results:

The G” corresponds to viscous properties of the material, during applied deformation of the material in the presence of different concentrations, which revealed in the sensitivity of the used resonator.

Conclusion:

Detection of toxic pollutants may be achieved via QCM methods, ultrasound resonator and piezoelectric quartz techniques for measurement. These techniques allow detection of significantly low concentrations of toxic pollutants, in particular, AFB1, compared to analysis with direct and indirect ELISA immunoassays.
Amount of Milk Neutrophil Percentage and Associated CD Molecular Changes on the Compositional and Technological Properties of Milk
Authors: Panda Bibhudatta S. K. , Mohapatra Sunil K. , Alhussien Mohanned N. , Dang Ajay K.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Changes occurring in the activity and expression of neutrophils and their transmigration through the blood mammary barrier owing to a mammary infection affecting milk quality and outcome of mastitis.

Objective:

To understand the role played by various neutrophil molecules on mastitis and milk quality.

Methods:

18 Karan Fries cows of similar parity, milk yield and lactation stage were selected and screened for mastitis based upon milk Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) as well as California mastitis test and divided into 3 groups of 6 eachi.e., healthy, sub-clinical (SCM), Clinical Mastitis (CM). Milk samples were analyzed for milk composition and technological properties. Milk neutrophils were isolated and their percentage, Phagocytic Activity (PA), viability were estimated. Activities of neutrophil enzymesi.e. Elastase 2, Collagenase and Cathepsin G were analyzed using ELISA. Relative mRNA expression of cell surface molecules like selectin (CD-62L), integrin (CD-11b), chemokine receptors (CXCR1 and CXCR2), CD-44 and chemotactic factor (IL-8) in milk neutrophil were also studied.

Results:

In the present study, neutrophil percentage (%) was significantly (p˂0.05) higher in SCM and CM milk samples compared to healthy milk samples, whereas neutrophil PA, viability were significantly (p˂0.05) lower in both samples contrast to healthy samples. Activities of Elastase 2 and Collagenase were significantly (p˂0.05) more in SCM milk. There was a significant (p˂0.05) difference in protein, pH, and lactose between healthy, SCM and SCM and CM milk. Significantly (p˂0.05) high Electrical Conductivity (EC) was observed in CM milk than SCM and CM milk. No significant changes in milk fat, Solid Not Fat (SNF) and density were found among any of the groups. The relative mRNA expression of CXCR1, CXCR2 and IL-8 were significantly (p˂0.05) high in milk neutrophils with the progression of SCM and CM, whereas significantly higher expression of CD11b CD-11b was found only in CM cows but there was no change in the expression of CD62L CD-62L in any of the groups. Expression of CD-44 molecule increased significantly in SCM cows, whereas it decreased significantly in clinically infected mastitis cows.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the changes occurring in the activity of milk neutrophils in healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitis crossbred cows.
Small Interfering RNAs and their Delivery Systems: A Novel Powerful Tool for the Potential Treatment of HIV Infections
Authors: Bolhassani Azam , Milani Alireza
Published: November 2019

:

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have rapidly developed into biomedical research as a
novel tool for the potential treatment of various human diseases. They are based on altered gene expression.
In spite of the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), there is a specific
interest in developing siRNAs as a therapeutic agent for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to
several problems including toxicity and drug resistance along with long term treatment. The successful
use of siRNAs for therapeutic goals needs safe and effective delivery to specific cells and tissues. Indeed,
the efficiency of gene silencing depends on the potency of the carrier used for siRNA delivery.
The combination of siRNA and nano-carriers is a potent method to prevent the limitations of siRNA
formulation. Three steps were involved in non-viral siRNA carriers such as the complex formation of
siRNA with a cationic carrier, conjugation of siRNA with small molecules, and encapsulation of siRNA
within nanoparticles.

:

In this mini-review, the designed siRNAs and their carriers are described against HIV-1 infections both
in vitro and in vivo.
Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm Based on Class Correlation Distance
Authors: Zhang Hanfei , Jian Yumei , Zhou Ping
Published: November 2019

Background:

A class correlation distance collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm is proposed to solve the problems of category judgment and distance metric in the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm, which is using the advantage of the distance between the same samples and the class related distance. First, the class correlation distance between the training samples is calculated and stored. Second, the K nearest neighbor samples are selected, the class correlation distance of training samples and the difference ratio between the test samples and training samples are calculated respectively. Finally, according to the difference ratio, we classify the different types of samples. The experimental result shows that the algorithm combined with user rating preference can get lower MAE value, and the recommendation effect is better. With the change of K value, CCDKNN algorithm is obviously better than KNN algorithm and DWKNN algorithm, and the accuracy performance is more stable. The algorithm improves the accuracy of similarity and predictability, which has better performance than the traditional algorithm.

Objective:

A class correlation distance collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm is proposed
to solve the problems of category judgment and distance metric in the traditional collaborative filtering
recommendation algorithm, which is using the advantage of the distance between the same samples
and the class related distance.

Methods:

First, the class correlation distance between the training samples is calculated and stored.
Second, the K nearest neighbor samples are selected, the class correlation distance of training samples
and the difference ratio between the test samples and training samples are calculated respectively.
Finally, according to the difference ratio, we classify the different types of samples.

Results:

The experimental result shows that the algorithm combined with user rating preference can
get lower MAE value, and the recommendation effect is better.

Conclusion:

With the change of K value, CCDKNN algorithm is obviously better than KNN algorithm
and DWKNN algorithm, and the accuracy performance is more stable. The algorithm improves
the accuracy of similarity and predictability, which has better performance than the traditional
algorithm.
Tumour microenvironment-targeted therapy focused on the IGF activation mechanism
Authors: Miyamoto Shin'ichi
Published: November 2019

Cancer treatment has greatly improved over the past few decades; and there is much to be optimistic about. However, there are still many challenges facing researchers and the medical community in regards to how they treat cancer sufferers. Scientists around the world continue to investigate
cancers in order to continue to improve treatments and to better our understanding of the various mechanisms associated with cancer, especially 'metastasis'. Dr Shin'ichi Miyamoto (Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University) is leading a team
investigating the mechanisms by which cancer cells adapt to their microenvironment in a metastatic organ. One of the main areas the team focuses on is concerned with Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). They clarified that tumour-derived matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) could degrade all
six IGF binding proteins (physiological inhibitory factors of IGF) and speculated that it acts as IGF activators in all processes from carcinogenesis to metastasis everywhere in which all IGF-IGFBP complexes exist. This IGF activation model by MMP-7 strongly suggests the usefulness of IGF
as a therapeutic target in IGFBP ptotease-producing cancers.
Playing a critical role in expanding Europe's horizons
Authors: Sharp Lucy
Published: November 2019

The Horizon 2020 programme is the largest and most ambitious research and innovation programme ever undertaken by the EU, which has committed to investing almost €80 billion in thousands of projects between 2014 and 2020. The Programme seeks to promote research and innovation and
to boost the number of breakthroughs, discoveries and groundbreaking developments achieved in Europe, as well as to facilitate the process of taking this progress from the laboratory to the marketplace. As the means for driving economic growth and creating jobs in a bid to secure Europe's
global competitiveness, Horizon 2020 is backed by Europe's leaders and members of the European Parliament. The critical role played by research sets it at the very heart of this programme's investments in the future of citizens of the EU.
Microporous ceramics (Zeolite or Hydrotalcite) materials for bad breath control
Authors: Hotta Masato
Published: November 2019

Bad breath (which is also known as halitosis) is something the vast majority of people around the world are familiar with. We have all likely encountered somebody with halitosis in our lives and many of the people reading this might even suffer from it. There are a range of causes of
halitosis, including eating or drinking strong-smelling food and drinks, gum disease or problems with the teeth, smoking and particular medical conditions, such as tonsillitis. The best method for preventing halitosis is to perform adequate oral care, such as brushing your teeth and gums regularly,
cleaning the tongue, flossing, using antibacterial mouthwash, and having regular dental check-ups. While much of this can be considered common knowledge, it is perhaps less well known that halitosis is subdivided into intraoral and extraoral halitosis, depending on the place where it originates.
Dr Masato Hotta, from the Graduate School of Dentistry, Asahi University, is interested in exploring this topic in more detail. He explains that approximately 90 per cent of halitosis is intraoral, where it originates from within the oral cavity and is caused by volatile sulphur compounds
(VSCs), such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide. 'These VSCs are brought about through the bacterial putrefaction of food debris, cells, saliva and blood,' Hotta clarifies. 'VSCs are malodorous materials and, in addition to causing bad breath, can cause secondary
tooth decay, the discoloration of teeth and dental prosthetic alloys, and periodontal disease.' While brushing and flossing are effective ways of removing biofilm and bacteria, they often have little effect on VSCs. Thus, finding a means of removing them from a patient's mouth - and alleviating
bad breath - would be considered a significant breakthrough for patients with halitosis.
Optimizing trans-arterial drug delivery using mono-disperse emulsion
Authors: Yasui Daisuke
Published: November 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common human cancer and is the 5th cause of mortality in men and the 7th in female. Surgical resection and tumor ablation (radiofrequency or microwave) are curative therapy; however, some patients are not indicated to these treatments, mainly
due to large number or size of the lesions. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is a standard of care for these patients. In this treatment, mixture of various anticancer agent (Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, Miriplatin) and lipophilic contrast media (Lipiodol) is administered via catheter inserted
into tumor feeding arteries, followed by embolization. Tumor control can be obtained in 50-90 % of the patients and there is a room for improvement. One major cause of poor tumor control is uneven large-sized emulsion droplets, which are now used in clinical practice. The aim of this project
is to improve accumulation of anticancer agents/lipiodol in the tumor by using even small-sized emulsion (mono-dispersed emulsion) which is obtained by utilizing cutting-edge technology called 'membrane emulsification'. The application can be also widened to metastatic liver cancer.
“Reporting or Interpreting?”—A Discoursal Study of Broadcasts on NBA Games in China
Authors: Yang Wenhui , Zhang Fan , Wen Haojun , Zhen Kaiyue
Published: November 2019

From the perspective of empirical discourse analysis, this paper identifies the site broadcasters’ roles and cognitive blending process in NBA (National Basketball Association) broadcasts in China. The authors find that NBA broadcasters chiefly interpret the information they have obtained from sports sites and interviews with the coaches and players, employing various interpreting strategies, such as commentary, amplification, supplementation and restructure. Cognitively, the language that NBA broadcasters applied reveals their cognitive blending process of interpreting techniques, strategies, sports knowledge and attitudes towards the games, of who take up different roles to fulfill different communicating purposes, all of which project various cognitions on NBA games. Despite the fact that one role might make certain linguistic behaviors prevail over the others, especially their interpreting role, NBA site broadcasters coordinate it with other roles properly through which they present different levels of translational and constructional schematicity, thus yielding a coherent and constructional working mode of NBA broadcasting practice in China.
Complications and its impact in patients with closed and open tibial shaft fractures requiring open reduction and internal fixation
Authors: Chitnis Abhishek S , Vanderkarr Mollie , Sparks Charisse , McGlohorn Jonathan , Holy Chantal E
Published: November 2019

Aim:
To evaluate the rates of infection and nonunion and determine the impact of infections on healthcare resource use and costs following open and closed fractures of the tibial shaft requiring open reduction internal fixation.
Methods:
Healthcare use and costs were compared between patients with and without infections following pen reduction internal fixation using MarketScan
®
databases.
Results:
For commercial patients, the rates of infection and nonunion ranged from 1.82 to 7.44% and 0.48 to 8.75%, respectively, over the 2-year period. Patients with infection had significantly higher rates of hospital readmissions, emergency room visits and healthcare costs compared with patients without infection.
Conclusion:
This real-world study showed an increasing rate of infection up to 2 years and infection significantly increased healthcare resource use and costs.
La simulación clínica en la adquisición de conocimientos en estudiantes de la Licenciatura de Enfermería
Authors: Amaro-López L. , Hernández-González P.L. , Hernández-Blas A. , Hernández Arzola L.I.
Published: November 2019

Introducción: La simulación clínica es una herramienta educativa que permite a los estudiantes de enfermería experimentar la representación de un hecho real, para practicar, aprender y adquirir los conocimientos necesarios para el desempeño de su profesión. En Oaxaca, la Universidad de la Sierra Sur (UNSIS), tiene una clínica robotizada, que apoya a los estudiantes en el desarrollo de su práctica clínica, pero aún no cuenta con una metodología específica para llevar a cabo simulación clínica.
Objetivo:  Comparar la adquisición de conocimientos en estudiantes de enfermería con el método tradicional y otro basado en simulación clínica.
Metodología: Estudio de pre y postest para evaluar conocimiento del tema trabajo de parto en alumnos de 4° semestre; se compararon dos metodologías, la tradicional utilizada en la universidad y otra basada en simulación clínica; la primera consistió en dar la clase teórica en aula y replicarla con un simulador; la segunda consistió en clase teórica, escenario de simulación clínica, caso clínico y debriefing.
Resultados: Hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p <.001) entre pretest y postest en ambas metodologías, pero quienes recibieron la metodología basada en simulación clínica obtuvieron mayores puntajes (p=0.004).
Discusión: El uso de una metodología basada en simulación clínica permitió que los alumnos obtuvieran mayores conocimientos en el tema trabajo de parto, respecto a la metodología tradicional que se utiliza en la universidad. La UNSIS empieza a generar evidencia sobre el uso de la simulación clínica adaptada a su modelo educativo.
Conclusiones: Utilizar la simulación clínica logró que los estudiantes obtuvieran mayores conocimientos.
Funcionamiento familiar, sobrecarga y calidad de vida del cuidador del adulto mayor con dependencia funcional
Authors: Salazar-Barajas M.E. , Garza-Sarmiento E.G. , García-Rodríguez S.N. , Juárez-Vázquez P.Y. , Herrera-Herrera J.L. , Duran-Badillo T.
Published: November 2019

Introducción: Ser cuidador de personas con dependencia funcional conlleva el riesgo de presentar deterioro de la calidad de vida, esto puede deberse a que la prolongación del cuidado altera la dinámica familiar y genera sobrecarga en el cuidador. Objetivo: 1) Identificar la relación entre funcionamiento familiar y calidad de vida del cuidador del adulto mayor y 2) Determinar la sobrecarga y calidad de vida del cuidador del adulto mayor. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional, muestreo por bola de nieve, la muestra conformada por 86 cuidadores de un centro comunitario. Para las mediciones se utilizó el índice de Barthel, el Test de APGAR Familiar, la prueba de Zarit y la Escala de Calidad de Vida WHOQOL-BREF. Se aplicó la Prueba de Kolmogorov Smirnov y Prueba de Correlación de Spearman. Resultados: El 11.6% de los adultos mayores presentó dependencia total, la percepción de disfuncionalidad familiar grave representó el 3.5%. Los cuidadores con sobrecarga intensa fueron el 32.6%, el 8.1% percibió la calidad de vida deficiente. A mayor funcionamiento familiar mayor calidad de vida del cuidador (p<.05) y a mayor sobrecarga, menor calidad de vida del cuidador (p<.05) en todas las dimensiones. Conclusiones: Se observó que la sobrecarga y funcionalidad familiar están relacionadas con la calidad de vida del cuidador, por lo que se convierten en un escenario disciplinar que plantea la posibilidad de diseñar estrategias de intervención, centradas en la sobrecarga y el funcionamiento de la familia para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida del cuidador.
Prevenção do suicídio: concepção de estudantes universitários
Authors: Astrês-Fernandes M. , Soares e Silva J. , Da Conceição Machado-Sousa C. , Silva-Sá A.G. , Soares-Monteiro E.A. , Castelo Branco-de Oliveira A.L. , De Sousa-Ibiapina A.R.
Published: November 2019

Introdução: O ingresso nas universidades representa uma mudança no modo de vida social, econômico, pessoal e mental dos estudantes. Às vezes, o processo de habituação representa um estressor que pode culminar em sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e, desse modo, representar um fator de risco para saúde mental. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção dos discentes sobre a experiência de vivenciar discussões sobre temática de suicídio. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em uma Universidade Federal do Nordeste do Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa 15 estudantes do curso Bacharelado em Enfermagem que integravam o Projeto de Intervenção Ser, Saber, Ouvir, Viver, no qual eram desenvolvidas ações de prevenção ao suicídio e valorização da vida direcionado aos estudantes universitários da instituição. Resultados: Ao analisar a nuvem de palavras e a representação gráfica da análise de similitude entre as palavras observou-se de forma geral as percepções dos discentes frente à vivência no projeto de valorização da vida. Cada palavra destacada indicou repetições nas falas, como consequência, significados semelhantes. Conclusão: Portanto, o projeto em questão além de favorecer um ambiente de liberdade de diálogo no âmbito acadêmico, proporciona também alívio mental que, com o passar das reuniões, pode minimizar os sintomas depressivos e ansiosos que os discentes podem apresentar, em consequência, reduzindo os índices de suicídio na instituição.
Proceso de Atención de Enfermería como instrumento del cuidado, significado para estudiantes de último curso
Authors: Miranda-Limachi K.E. , Rodríguez-Núñez Y. , Cajachagua-Castro M.
Published: November 2019

Introducción: El Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE) como guía para el cuidado, se aplica desde que inicia la formación académica. Comprender el significado que tiene para estudiantes del último curso permite visualizar la importancia y dificultades que se presentan en su aplicación, para proponer estrategias que fortalezcan la calidad educativa.
Objetivo: Comprender el significado del PAE que tienen los estudiantes del último curso de Enfermería.
Método: Estudio con enfoque cualitativo. Referencial teórico y metodológico fue el Interaccionismo Simbólico y la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. Muestra por saturación teórica. Colecta de datos con entrevistas semiestructuradas en 17 estudiantes del 10° ciclo de una universidad privada de Lima Este. Análisis de datos basado en la codificación de Strauss y Corbin posibilitó la identificación de categorías y subcategorías, y el fenómeno central.
Resultados: Emergieron cinco categorías: 1) Cuidado enfermero utilizando el PAE desde el inicio de su formación (Condición causal); 2) Satisfacción o insatisfacción al dar cuidado con el PAE (Contexto); 3) PAE como herramienta de investigación en formación profesional (Condiciones Intervinientes); 4) Dificultades en la aplicación del PAE en el cotidiano de los profesionales (Estrategias de Acción/ Interacción) y 5) Mejora de la práctica al dar cuidado con PAE (Consecuencias).
Conclusiones: El fenómeno central es el PAE, instrumento que guía el cuidado de enfermería para brindar a las personas atención integral y con fundamento en evidencia científica; a partir de la experiencia profesional con una proyección positiva al campo laboral, no exenta de limitaciones en su aplicación en el campo hospitalario.
Guía para un Plan de egreso en personas con secuelas por Enfermedad Vascular Cerebral
Authors: Díaz-Avila A. , Intriago-Ruiz C.
Published: November 2019

Introducción: Las personas que sufren un Evento Vascular Cerebral (EVC), generalmente quedan incapacitadas para la realización de sus actividades básicas, lo que conlleva a una dependencia. Por consiguiente, es importante la elaboración de un plan de egreso con amplia información sobre los cuidados que facilite al profesional de enfermería brindar educación para la salud, dirigida a familiares y enfermos sobre el cuidado en el hogar tras un EVC. Métodos: El procedimiento utilizado para esta propuesta constó de tres fases, en las cuales se realizó una revisión de la literatura, una delimitación con base en el tema central, para finalmente, elaborar el plan de egreso que aquí se presenta. Resultados: En la primera fase se analizaron 39 estudios, 16 de tipo cualitativo, 11 cuantitativos, ocho Guías de práctica clínica, tres mixtos y dos tesis; posteriormente, en la segunda fase se estableció la delimitación del tema con base en el criterio de evidencia científica y los diagnósticos enfermeros de la NANDA, y finalmente; en la tercera fase, se prescribieron las principales intervenciones de cuidado a implementar tras el egreso de pacientes con EVC. Discusión y conclusiones: El plan de egreso forma parte del cuidado integral y humanizado, requiere llevarse a cabo de forma habitual para facilitar el diálogo sobre las incertidumbres, dudas y angustias presentes, frecuentemente, en el cuidador primario y enfermo tras su egreso. A su vez, las guías de cuidado contribuyen a establecer el plan de egreso al enfermo, con el propósito de disminuir los reingresos hospitalarios, prevenir complicaciones y mejorar su calidad de vida, además de poder seguir innovando la práctica clínica de enfermería.
Promising Superconducting Materials for Highly Sensitive Detectors of the Infrared and Terahertz Ranges
Authors: Titova Nadezhda A. , Tovpeko Nina A. , Kardakova Anna I. , Goltsman Gregory N.
Published: November 2019

Modern technologies of photonics, astrophysics, medicine and security systems have a demand for development of new types of sensitive detectors and/or optimization of existing ones. As an example, a strong demand exists for improvement of the characteristics of highly sensitive detectors based on superconducting materials. One way to optimize the performance of such detectors is to select a suitable superconducting material. This is due to the fact that the technical characteristics of devices are determined by relaxation mechanisms of nonequilibrium processes that occur in the material upon absorption of electromagnetic radiation. In this paper, we focused on the study of the relaxation of nonequilibrium processes in superconducting materials such as highly boron-doped polycrystalline diamond films, highly disordered titanium nitride (TiN) films and ultrathin amorphous tungsten silicide films (WSi). The experimental data allowed us to determine the temperature dependence of the inelastic relaxation time in the studied materials. These results can help us to evaluate the applicability of these materials for the different types of superconducting detectors.
Nano-Patch Antennas as an Evolution of Optical Antennas
Authors: Gritsienko Alexander V. , Kurochkin Nikita S. , Eliseev Stanislav P. , Vitukhnovsky Alexei G.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we review antennas from the radio wave band to the optical band. The main characteristics of the antennas determining their operation are given. The class of nano-patch antennas (NPA) of the visible and near-infrared ranges is distinguished. The advantage of nano-patch antennas is the good directivity of the antenna radiation and the significant Purcell factor (>102 –103 ), while the technology for creating these antennas is quite simple. The paper also presents various types of photon radiation sources in NPA, among which molecular complexes, quantum dots and color centers in diamonds can be distinguished. On the basis of nano-patch antennas with quantum dots and color centers in nanodiamonds, it is possible to create sources of single photons with picosecond decay rates. The comparison of the characteristics of NPA depending on the shape of plasmon nanoparticles is presented.
PEMBENTUKAN KEPRIBADIAN ANAK MELALUI CERITA KEAGAMAAN
Authors: Dhin Cut Nya
Published: November 2019

Religious stories are a method that can be used in educational activities to form a positive personality in students. In fact, there are now many stories that are not based on religious values. Meanwhile, to build a child's personality starts from the baby in the mother’s womb until he is born until he reaches adulthood. So to have a good person there must be start from the family, school and community environment, so that the goals and expectations to educate and teach the children with the values of Islamic, so that the next generation becomes a good person and islamic generation. This research uses the library method with the collection of materials related to the formation of a child's personality through religious stories. Parents as the first educators in the family environment, must provide instructions and direction where the child rests, as well as a teacher in educating his students must use various methods. All of that aims to direct all actions and patterns of thought and behavior or attitudes that will be born in the life of the child.
SISTEM PENGEMBALIAN PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH (Studi pada Koperasi Jasa Syariah Barokah Curup)
Authors: Warsah Idi
Published: November 2019

The main purpose of this research is to know how mudharabah contract implementation in Sharia Cooperative Barokah Curup and how the implementation of profit sharing system at mudharabah financing in Sharia Cooperative Barokah Curup. This research used a desciptive qualitative approach. The main data source of this research derived from field data by collecting data from informants in this case is the Cooperative Services Sharia Barokah Curup. In addition, the data also obtained from literature study and documentation. The results show that the most important thing in mudharabah financing is the honesty of both parties, especially the fund manager. Because the profit is divided is the result of effort (reveneu sharing) and profit sharing (profit sharing). Financial data information is derived from financial statements by fund managers. 1) Mudharabah agreement implemented in Sharia Barokah Cooperative is divided into two, namely pure mudharabah and mixed mudharabah. 2) The model of return on the financing of pure mudaraba is divided into two, namely the system of repayment principal of mudharabah financing by installment and financing repayment model by way of total repayment. As for the model of return on the financing of mixed mudharabah use mudharabah refinancing only model by installment.
الحقائق الاجتماعية في رواية الأرواح المتمردة
Authors: Sofyan Nurchalis
Published: November 2019

Lebanon refugees are the most numerous immigrants among other Arab countries. Substantially, the Lebanese immigration occurred in the period of 1860-1914 with a total of approximately 330,000 refugees. Massive immigration is happening to Arab countries, North America, South America, Africa, Australia, and Europe. Historians claim that the cause of the massive immigration is a conflict between religions and political suppression. Researcher wanted to examine other factors that cause immigration, which was written in the novel Al-Arwāḥal-Mutamarridah by Jibrān Khalīl Jibrān, which describes events that took place in Lebanon at that time. So as works of art, the novel also reveals the historical facts. This research led to the conclusion that some expressions in this novel identify the factors that contribute to the Lebanese immigration, which is not revealed in the history books.
NALAR BAROKAH MADRASAH ANTARA FAKTA ATAU SUGESTI
Authors: Abrori Husnan
Published: November 2019

Barokah is an integral part in the world of madrasah education, every second always appear the word from the academic community and customernya. The shift in the paradigm of contemporary education that places an educational output is the final process of transformation in the learning process in madrasah is sometimes broken by a public opinion that all processes are meaningless without baraka. The placement of the supernatural powers above a factual process has become a characteristic of madrasah education from the past to the present time, it is a belief that mensugesti all human beings and knock down the foundation of reasoning that education needs process and the carrying capacity in humanizing humanity or developing human potential accordingly nature that develops naturally and dynamically to suit the needs of the times. The cognitive ability that becomes the icon of life is no longer so urgent as a human driving pilot to fly higher to achieve success, let alone psychomotor no longer be a book to read in the curriculum of life, but different from affective is another face of barokah, in other words who is good ahlaknya then barokah no longer be sugesti and dreams perforated but a real dream that actualized in the success of life in the world and akherat.
UIN: STUDI ISLAM DAN ARAH BARU ISLAM INDONESIA
Authors: Hasbiyallah Hasbiyallah , Sulhan Moh. , Khoiruddin Heri , Burhanudin Undang
Published: November 2019

Islam as a religion has actually become the target of study not only by Muslims but also by non-Muslims for diverse purposes and interests with various approaches. Indonesian Islamic Studies conducted by Dutch scholars and Orientalists are mostly intended for political and policy purposes related to the fate of Muslim-majority male citizens. Islamic dynamics revealed more progressive dynamics in the 1960s and 70s when institutionally the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia released the State Islamic Religious College (PTKIN) with the form of an Institute that developed religious scientific disciplines in the form of various faculties. From this, a variant of State Islamic University (UIN) developed with the development of study areas outside the religious. The fundamental problem that is the focus of this research relates to PTKIN's Islamic facial dynamics in the context of changes to the State Islamic University (UIN), especially Islamic studies and the new direction of Indonesian Islam which is becoming a new force at the State Islamic University (UIN). Specifically, this study aims to understand the trends and challenges of Islam in PTKIN in the future, and the Islamic thinking map of PTKIN in the new face of UIN which includes UIN SGD Bandung, UIN SUKA Yogyakarta and UIN Ar-Raniry Aceh.
Peran Hakam (Juru Damai) dalam Mengatasi Perceraian (Studi Di Jabatan Kehakiman Syari’ah Pulau Pinang, Malaysia)
Authors: Armiadi Armiadi , Abu Bakar Muhamad Al-Fattah Bin
Published: November 2019

Hakam merupakan suatu istilah perwakilan untuk urusan suami istri atau sering disebut juru damai yang diutus pada saat terjadi perselisihan rumah tangga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tentang peran dan upaya hakam (juru damai), kendala-kendala serta efektifitas dibentuknya hakam sebagai juru damai dalam upaya mengurangi angka perceraian di Jabatan Kehakiman Syari’ah Pulau Pinang Malaysia. Dalam menyusun artikel ini, penulis menggunakan metode kajian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan beberapa teknik yaitu observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Data-data yang terkumpul tersebut bersumberkan kepada data primer yaitu data-data yang peneliti peroleh dari lapangan dan data sekunder yaitu data-data yang diperoleh dari buku-buku, ensiklopedia, dan karya tulisan ilmiah yang mempunyai hubungan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Setelah data terkumpul, kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Dalam kajian ini, penulis mendapati bahwa peran hakam (juru damai) adalah mendamaikan atau menjadi penengah antara pasangan suami istri yang sedang bersengketa, dengan cara meneliti dan mencari titik akar permasalahan dengan harapan dapat didamaikan. Hakam (juru damai) berupaya untuk mencari tahu apa yang menjadi penyebab perselisihan atas kebijaksanaan mereka untuk mendapatkan jalan terbaik dalam proses perdamaian. Penulis juga mendapati bahwa adanya kendala-kendala yang timbul dari proses perdamaian tersebut, antaranya adalah tidak ada kerjasama dari para pihak, tidak ada insentif yang diberikan kepada hakam (juru damai), sulit untuk menemukan perwakilan dari pihak yang bersengketa jika pihak yang disengketakan tidak memiliki keluarga, hakam (juru damai) yang saling bertukar atas perintah Mahkamah dan sampai saat ini Jabatan Kehakiman Syari’ah Pulau Pinang belum menerbitkan suatu kaidah-kaidah khusus tentang kriteria hakam (juru damai). Adapun peran hakam (juru damai) di dalam mengatasi perceraian di Jabatan Kehakiman Syari’ah Pulau Pinang Malaysia masih kurang efektif karena statistik perceraian yang telah dikeluarkan ternyata masih mengalami angka peningkatan.
Persyaratan Hak ‘Iwadh Khulu’ (Analisa terhadap Pendapat Mazhab Maliki)
Authors: Abubakar Ali , Maulizawati Maulizawati
Published: November 2019

Dalam kehidupan rumah tangga tidak selalu harmonis, suatu ketika bisa saja suami istri berselisih paham dari persoalan yang kecil sampai masalah yang menimbulkan perceraian. Dalam kondisi seperti ini, jika kesalahan fatal datang dari pihak suami, maka istri memiliki hak untuk meminta cerai dari suami (khulu’). Khulu’ adalah berpisahnya suami dari istri dengan memberi ganti yang diambil suami dari istri atau selainnya. ‘iwadh khulu’ merupakan pemberian ganti rugi oleh seorang istri untuk memperoleh talak dari suami. Oleh karena itu permasalahan yang diangkat dalam artikel ini adalah bagaimana penetapan persayaratan hak ‘iwadh khulu’ menurut pendapat Mazhab Maliki, dan bagaimana dalil serta metode istinbath hukum yang digunakan oleh Mazhab Maliki dalam penetapan keabsahan khulu’. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (Library Reaserach), dengan metode pengumpulan data dari dokumentasi , dan penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis. Dan sumber data primer yaitu kitab-kitab Imam Malik yang berkenaan dengan ‘iwadh khulu’. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menurut Imam Malik khulu’ memiliki dua kemungkinan. Pertama, boleh terjadinya khulu’ tanpa adanya ‘iwadh. Alasan Imam Malik berpendapat seperti ini karena beliau menyamakan khulu’ seperti halnya talak. Kedua, tidak sah khulu’ tanpa adanya ‘iwadh (sesuatu), kecuali si lelaki meniatkan khulu’ istri itu sebagai talak. Serta tidak membolehkan suami mengambil pembayaran khulu’ itu lebih besar dari apa yang diberikan apabila  kesalahan itu datang dari suami,  akan tetapi jika si istri ridha dan tidak merasa berat hati tidak mengapa. Kemudian cara penetapan hukum yang digunakan oleh Imam Malik lebih berfokus pada pola penetapan hukum berdasarkan kepada nash al-Bayan bi al-Qaul yaitu penjelasan melalui sabda Rasulullah SAW atau firman Allah SWT.  Hal ini berdasarkan kepada Hadis yang telah diriwayatkan dari Imam Malik, dan juga Hadis yang diriwayatkan Al-Bukhari dan Al-Nasaiy dan Ibnu Abbas yaitu perihal Habibah binti Sahal yang mana istrinya tidak lagi ingin bersama suaminya karena khawatir tidak akan dapat menjalankan kewajibannya dan merasa takut akan kufur maka dibolehkan khulu’.
Perpindahan Wali Nasab Kepada Wali Hakim (Analisis Terhadap Sebab-Sebab ‘Aḍal Wali Pada KUA Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh)
Authors: Zubaidi Zaiyad , Kamaruzzaman Kamaruzzaman
Published: November 2019

Perwalian dalam akad nikah merupakan syari’at yang harus dipenuhi. Ketiadaan wali menentukan sah tidaknya pernikahan, sebab wali adalah salah satu rukun nikah. Islam melarang pihak wali enggan untuk menikahkan atau ‘aḍal wali. Terkait ‘aḍal wali, artikel ini berusaha mengungkap permasalahan wali adal di KUA Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh. Tujuan artikel ini yaitu untuk mengetahui sebab-sebab ‘aḍal wali, langkah yang ditempuh ketika ada ‘aḍal wali, dan mengetahui tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap ‘aḍal wali di KUA Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh. Hasil analisa menunjukan bahwa sebab ‘aḍal wali ini yaitu kedua orang tua bercerai dan pihak ayah menolak menikahkan anak sebab rasa benci yang berlebihan, ayah tidak menyetujui pasangan pilihan anak,  calon laki-laki berasal dari keluarga miskin, dan karena tempat tinggal calon suami yang jauh. Langkah yang dilalui oleh pasangan yang ‘aḍal wali yaitu: Pertama, pihak perempuan memberitahukan permasalahan ‘aḍal wali kepada pihak KUA. Kedua, pihak KUA mengutus salah satu delegasi untuk memberikan nasehat kepada orang tua. Ketiga, pihak KUA menunjuk pengganti wali. Pihak KUA dapat menjadi wali nikah setelah sebelumnya pihak perempuan mengajukan permohonan kepada Pengadilan Agama atau Mahkamah Syar’iyah untuk ditetapkan wali hakim baginya. Dalam Islam, wali dilarang menolak (‘aḍal) menikahkan tanpa ada alasan yang dibenarkan syara’. Anak perempuan yang tidak mempunyai wali, maka hakim dapat menjadi wali nikah bagi anak tersebut.
Korelasi Pemahaman Masyarakat Terhadap Khulū’ dengan Meningkatnya Kasus Perceraian (Studi Kasus Di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh)
Authors: Darmawijaya Edi , Amalia Rizki
Published: November 2019

Diantara perkara-perkara perdata yang terdaftar di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh, jumlah perkara perceraian menempati urutan tertinggi, yakni pekara permohonan cerai talak dan perkara gugatan perceraian (khulu’). Tentu hal tersebut terjadi karena adanya faktor-faktor tertentu yang memicu keretakan dalam rumah tangga. Berkaitan dengan hal ini, pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap hak-hak isteri di dalam rumah tangga dan kesadaran hukum yang memadai diasumsikan menjadi salah satu pendorong bagi para isteri sehingga berani bertindak secara hukum demi memperjuangkan haknya. Maka dalam penelitian ini, penulis ingin mengetahui tingkat perceraian di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh dan korelasinya dengan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap khulu’. Untuk memperoleh jawaban terkait hal-hal tersebut, penulis melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan dan pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara yang berpedoman pada instrumen wawancara. Dalam hal penentuan responden, peneliti menggunakan teknik sampling probabilitas atau dikenal dengan istilah random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kurun waktu tiga tahun sejak 2014 sampai dengan 2016, jumlah kasus perceraian cerai gugat (khulu’) menempati jumlah yang dominan dibandingkan perkara cerai talak. Beberapa kasus yang telah diproses di Mahkamah Syar’iyah menunjukkan adanya beragam alasan yang menjadi pegangan bagi isteri untuk menuntut khulu’ pada suaminya di persidangan. Diantara alasan-alasan tersebut ialah, tidak dinafkahi lahir dan batin, penelantaran, ketidakpercayaan, tidak berlaku adil, hingga kekerasan fisik maupun mental dalam rumah tangga yang dilakukan oleh suami terhadap isterinya. Terkait dengan hal ini, inisiatif menggugat perceraian yang dilakukan oleh isteri tidak terlepas dari pemahaman masyarakat tentang kesadaran hukum serta pengetahuan tentang hak dan kewajiban dalam rumah tangga sebagai akibat dari kemajuan peradaban dan ilmu pengetahuan.