bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF THE 2020 GLOBAL CRISIS IMPACT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND THE ECONOMY AS A WHOLE
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Enterprise Economics and Entrepreneurial Activity, Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russia, VINOKUROVA M. V. , VURGANOV M. G. ,   Master's Student, Financial University under the Government of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article examines the main global processes in the world, in particular epidemics that affect not only the life and health of the population, but also the economies of countries as a whole. The reasons for the current economic crisis are revealed. The basic concepts of the development of the pandemic in Russia and the world are analyzed, scenarios for the development of the economies of countries in the context of the current crisis are presented. The main consequences of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of small and medium-sized businesses have been studied. The analysis of entrepreneurial activity in a number of countries and in the Russian Federation is carried out, the consequences of the crisis for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the country are revealed.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN OIL PRICES
Authors:   Postgraduate student of the Department of Finance and Credit, North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia, SAILAONOV T. I.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the state of pricing in the oil market, examines topical issues of assessing the emerging factors of influence both on the domestic and foreign markets. Particular attention is paid to the issues of the emerging situation of supply and demand for oil and oil products, regulation of its production, storage, transportation, processing, formation of sales volumes and income from sales. Highlighted and disclosed the problem of price regulation in the aspects of finding and achieving flexible forms of negotiating prices for oil supply and oil sales, taking into account various options for the volume of oil production.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC SECURITY INDICATORS FOR COASTAL ARCTIC REGIONS
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading researcher, Luzin Institute for Economic Studies, Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia, UL’CHENKO M. V. , PONOMAREV N. V. ,   Applicant, Luzin Institute for Economic Studies, Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the development of a system of economic security indicators and their threshold values that allow taking into account specific features in the development of coastal Arctic regions. Despite the fact that increased attention is paid to issues of national and economic security, the regional level remains virtually unaffected.
THE USE OF SOCIAL PROJECT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS FORMING SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE ORPHAN CHILDREN IN THE STATE INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   doctor of economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Finance and economic security, Vyatka state University, Kirov, Russia, KARANINA E. V. , SHABARDIN V. V. ,   Student, Direction “Economic Security of the organization”, Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the search of modern technologies of formation of socio-economic security of orphan children in the state institutions, in particular, the features of socially-oriented project for these purposes are identified, as well as the main results of project «My mobile tutor» (implemented in 2018–2019 in Kirov region) aimed at the formation of socio-economic security of orphan-children in state institutions are presented.
APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Authors:   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Mathematical Methods and Business Informatics, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, EROKHIN V. V.
Published: December 2020

The article presents practical aspects of using digital technologies in practice by various oil and gas companies. The advantages and disadvantages of certain digitalization technologies are considered, digital solutions are proposed that can be applied to Public Joint Stock Company Rosneft Oil Company (the Company). It has been determined that there are a number of digital technologies that have the potential to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of Company.
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAIN INDICATORS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY OF THE TOKTOGUL REGION OF KYRGYZSTAN
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Jalal-Abad State University, Jalal-Abad, Kyrgyzstan, USUPOV M. U.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the state of the economy of the subject of the agricultural sector – the Toktogul region of Kyrgyzstan, as well as the formation of a land division, which is impossible without an influx of investments and ensuring the availability of monetary resources for agricultural producers. In our time, innovation is becoming the main means of increasing the benefits of economic entities by better meeting market demand and reducing production losses compared to competitors. Despite repeated attempts by the country to create a system of lending to agricultural companies, only a small percentage of them use credit resources. Various state aid schemes support a competitive environment in the money markets and guarantee relatively equal access to them for financial institutions and agricultural enterprises.
FUNCTIONING OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Finance, Credit and Antitrust Regulation of the Institute of Economics and Finance, Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia, DEMILKHANOVA B. А.
Published: December 2020

In the article, from the standpoint of reasons and necessity, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the key trends in the development of the stock market in Russia are disclosed. The leading role is assigned to the processes of computerization of the exchange market: the introduction and use of digital technologies that ensure the financial stability of the financial market as a whole, its security and transparency, as well as access of a large circle of investors to banking and financial operations, and the protection of their interests. It has been established that the processes of introducing and using digital technologies, organically built into the mechanism of the functioning of the securities market as a whole, determine the directions of development of such trends as innovations, diversification of stock market instruments, securitization, integration with international stock markets, etc. key trends influenced by the technological development of the stock market, lead to blurring the boundaries between the primary and secondary markets.
PAYMENTS CRISIS IN RUSSIA: MYTH OR REALITY?
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Management, Moscow Economic Institute, Moscow, Russia, ERMILINA D. A.
Published: December 2020

The payments crisis is the most dangerous manifestation of the general economic crisis. The absence of a normal payment turnover can lead the economy into a state of chaos. For the first time, people began to talk about the payments crisis in Russia in the mid-1990s. The government, realizing the full danger of the emerging situation, developed measures to neutralize it. This article examines the causes of the payment crisis in the Russian economy, identified in 1996 by Academician N. Ya. Petrakov, and analyzes their presence or absence in the economy of modern Russia.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE EXCISE TAX ADMINISTRATION OF “BAD HABITS”
Authors:   Postgraduate student, Department of Accounting and Taxation, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia, IDRISOV A.-Kh. A.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the administration of the so-called bad habits associated with the consumption of addictive goods, alcohol, tobacco products and nicotine substitutes. The most important role is assigned to control the possible concealment of the tax base and the turnover of excisable goods of these groups and measures to improve the efficiency of tax administration.
INTERRELATION OF THE LEVELS OF TRUST AND CORRUPTION OF THE COMPANY: INTERNATIONAL ANALYTICS
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Research Fellow of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, GORLOV A. V. , EGOROVA N. E. ,   Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, KOROLEVA E. A. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Leading Engineer of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the concepts of trust and corruption in society and explores the interdependence between them using the international Edelman Trust Barometer (ETB) Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). The analysis of the topological model was carried out, on the basis of which the zones of low, medium and high levels of corruption were identified, with a characteristic specific type of relationship between the ETB and CPI indices; the general view of the dependence of the level of trust on corruption in the form of a horizontal S-shaped curve is approximately defined. Statistically significant linear regression equations were obtained, reflecting the relationship of the considered indices for three countries (Germany, Colombia, France).
CURRENT STATE OF REGULATION OF INTERNAL FINANCIAL CONTROL AND INTERNAL FINANCIAL AUDIT IN THE BUDGET SECTOR
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the 2nd year, Direction ", GINIYATULLINA D. R. ,   Accounting, Statistics",   , Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

Since 2013, there has been an active transformation of the regulatory framework related to the implementation of international standards of internal audit in Russian practice, which regulates the organization and implementation of internal financial control and internal financial audit in the general government sector. However, the regulatory framework is constantly undergoing changes that are associated with the need to take into account the specifics of the functioning of these organizations. Particular attention is paid to the development of the methodological foundations of internal financial control and audit on the basis of amendments made by the Federal Law of July 26.07.2019, 199-FZ to the Budget Code of the Russian Federation. In particular, internal financial control was removed from the budgetary powers of participants in the budget process. When these changes were implemented, a lot of questions arose, such as the exclusion of internal financial control as a separate budgetary authority means that this type of control can be omitted, journals and internal control cards are not kept.
Konjunktur(en) und Grenzen der Stadt
Authors: Karasz Daniele
Published: December 2020

Der Aufsatz schlägt die Wiederholung narrativer Interviews als Methode vor, um zu erfassen, wie sich die Grenzen des Stadtraums im Alltag der Bewohner_innen kontinuierlich verschieben. Theoretischer Ausgangspunkt ist ein konjunkturelles Verständnis von Stadt und Wohnen. Diesem Verständnis nach drücken sich stets variierende Machtverhältnisse in transnationalen und globalen Kontexten im lokalen Handeln aus: an konkreten Orten und zu bestimmten historischen Momenten. Der Aufsatz diskutiert exemplarisch das Wiener Neubaugebiet Monte Laa. In diesem wurden 2011 und 2018 narrative, wohnbiographische Interviews mit denselben Bewohner_innen durchgeführt. Anhand des Vergleichs der beiden Interviewserien wird diskutiert, wie sich konjunkturelle Veränderungen im Wohnalltag ausdrücken. Die Wiederholung der Interviews veranschaulicht, wie sich im über die Zeit veränderten Wohnalltag in Monte Laa zunehmend rassistische Diskurse in Österreich und in anderen Ländern Zentral- und Osteuropas belegen lassen. Wohnen wird hierbei als potenziell multiskalare Praxis verstanden. Anhand der Interviews wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die Stadt und ihre Grenzen in der Wohnpraxis der Bewohner_innen immer wieder neu definieren.
Urban Citizen Walkers
Authors: Rohde Katharina , Wildner Kathrin
Published: December 2020

Als kollaboratives Experiment haben wir im Sommer 2019 Menschen unterschiedlicher Herkunft, die seit kurzem oder schon lange in Berlin leben, zu einer Stadterkundung eingeladen. Darin betrachten wir als Urban Citizen Walker die Stadt aus der Perspektive des Ankommens, mit dem Blick des Sich-Zurecht-Findens, in alltäglichen Momenten der Aneignung. Uns interessiert vor allem der postmigrantische Blick, mit dem Menschen sich die Stadt vor dem Hintergrund ihrer subjektiven Erfahrungen erschließen und konkrete Möglichkeiten zu besetzender räumlicher Nischen ausloten. Die Methode des kollaborativen Gehens ermöglicht es, die Blickrichtung zu verändern, sich die unbekannte Stadt zu erschließen, bekannte Orte wieder zu erkunden und diese im Idealfall gemeinsam neu zu besetzen.

In unserem Beitrag gehen wir der Frage nach, wie das Gehen als Methode der kritischen Stadtforschung weiterentwickelt werden kann. Dazu werden wir einige theoretische und methodologische Aspekte des Gehens vor allem aber das von uns entwickelte Format der kollaborativen Stadterkundung vorstellen. Wir möchten die Potentiale dieser Methode als eine Teilhabe an der alltäglichen Produktion von und damit eine mögliche Voraussetzung für Urban Citizenship zu diskutieren.
Organisiert gegen einen profitorientierten Wohnungskonzern
Authors: Strobel Hannes
Published: December 2020

In Berlin organisieren sich seit fünf Jahren Mieter*innen des profitorientierten Konzerns Deutsche Wohnen in einer Vernetzung. Den Widerstand gegen spezifische Verwertungsstrategien eines renditegetriebenen Vermieters zu organisieren, darin besteht die Stärke der berlinweiten Struktur und ihrer lokaler Initiativen. Überwiegend organisieren sich hier Menschen außerhalb linker Zirkel und Szeneviertel. Ihre mannigfaltigen Aktivitäten haben mit den Weg bereitet für die Popularität der Forderung nach einer Enteignung profitorientierter Wohnungskonzerne. Auf Phasen erfolgreicher Organisierung folgen Phasen der Stagnation, der Wiederbelebung und des erneuten Abschwungs. Der vorliegende Text reflektiert diese fünfjährigen Organisierungserfahrungen und knüpft damit an die Strategiedebatten um Basisorganisierung an, die von Claudia Kratzsch und Robert Maruschke 2016 in s u b / u r b a n angestoßen wurden.
Schrumpfung und Stadtumbau als zentrale Themen der Forschung zu Städten in Ostdeutschland
Authors: Rink Dieter
Published: December 2020

Ostdeutschland beziehungsweise ostdeutsche Städte sind kein „Nischenthema“ „ohne weitere Relevanz“. Ostdeutsche Städte haben immer wieder die Aufmerksamkeit der Stadtforschung auf sich gezogen - davon zeugen die Diskurse zur postsozialistischen Transformation der 1990er Jahre und die zu Schrumpfung und Stadtumbau seit den 2000er Jahren. Diese fanden nicht nur Beachtung in Westdeutschland, sondern auch in der internationalen wissenschaftlichen Community, was bis heute anhält.
Rückschritte in längst überwunden geglaubte Ausbeutungs- und Unsicherheitsmuster
Authors: Leidereiter Carmen
Published: December 2020

Dieser Kommentar nimmt den Aufschlag von Bernt und Holm zum Anlass, die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen der Landentwicklung Ostdeutschlands zu hinterfragen und damit die konstituierenden Prozesse einer Ungleichartigkeit der Lebensverhältnisse aufzuzeigen. Drei Prozesse finden Erwähnung: (1) Wert- und Preisänderungen von Wohnbestand und Bauland; (2) Akkumulation landwirtschaftlicher Nutzfläche, besonders der ehemaligen Subsistenzwirtschaft; (3) Kapitalbeteiligung nicht landwirtschaftlicher Investoren an landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen durch renteerism und Spekulation. Im Anschluss wird argumentiert, dass die Analyse der seit der Wiedervereinigung entstandenen Besitz- und Eigentumsverhältnisse durch eine Betrachtung der Akkumulationsprozesse von Grund und Boden im ländlichen Raum ergänzt werden muss, um ein vollständiges Verständnis der Situation und des aus ihr resultierenden Abwertungsgefühls zu ermöglichen.
Mieter_innenbewegungen der Gegenwart: Postidentitär und postautonom
Authors: Schipper Sebastian
Published: December 2020

Die angespannte Lage am Wohnungsmarkt hat in vielen Städten eine neue Welle von Verdrängungsprozessen induziert und insbesondere die Situation einkommensschwacher Haushalte häufig prekär werden lassen. Angesichts dieser Entwicklungen haben sich vielerorts mietenpolitische Bewegungen konstituiert, die sich für eine Abkehr von einer neoliberalisierten und zunehmend finanzialisierten Wohnungsversorgung einsetzen. Lisa Vollmer nimmt in ihrer Forschungsarbeit zwei solcher Bewegungen in den Blick und fragt danach, wie sich politische Kollektivität in den alltäglichen Praktiken von Mieter*innen in Berlin bzw. New York formiert.
Serum free testosterone levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients and its correlation with clinical hyperandrogenism in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Tahir Ullah , Memon Naseer Nazeer , Riaz Amna , Khan Zohaib Ahmed , Haroon Sundus Mariyum , Khan Khurshid Ahmed
Published: December 2020

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent pathology among women of reproductive age characterized by menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Evidence suggests that high androgen levels are the fundamental factor in the pathogenesis of PCOS. The objectives of the present study was to determine serum free testosterone levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients, and observe its correlation with clinical hyperandrogenism.

Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Allama Iqbal Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology Lahore, Pakistan from 15th May 2019 to 15th November 2019. The study included 140 patients of PCOS diagnosed as per Rotterdam criteria. Serum testosterone levels were determined in these patients by ELISA method. Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) score was used to assess severity of clinical hyperandrogenism in the form of hirsutism. Patients were categorized into three groups, mild (FG score 8-15), moderate (FG score 15-25) and severe (FG score >25). Correlation between clinical (hirsutism) and biochemical hyperandrogenism (serum free testosterone levels) was assessed using Fisher exact test. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results: Biochemical hyperandrogenism in the form of raised free testosterone levels was present in 46 (32.9%) PCOS patients. Out of 12 patients having Ferriman Gallwey score >25, 10 (83.3%) had biochemical hyperandrogenism. Out of 70 patients having Ferriman Gallwey score 15-25, 22 (31.4%) had biochemical hyperandrogenism whereas out of 58 patients having Ferriman Gallwey score 8-15, only 14 (24.1%) patients had biochemical hyperandrogenism.

Conclusion: Prevalence of biochemical hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients in our studied population was significantly low when compared to the population studied worldwide making it less reliable as diagnostic tool in this part of the world. Also there was significant positive correlation between free testosterone levels and degree of hirsutism which means that diagnostic accuracy of free testosterone in PCOS patients is considerably high in those having clinical hyperandrogenism.
Environmental Problems of redevelopment and revitalization of the former military training area Ralsko
Authors: Ryšlavý Zbyněk
Published: December 2020

The former military area Ralsko was created after the World War II on the territory formerly populated by Germans. The area was poor with negligible industry only. It was intended to serve as a training ground for cooperation between infantry troops and various armored vehicles in varied landscapes. Soviet Army used the area since 1968. As a result, the military use of Ralsko became more intensive and some areas were used beyond the possible limits. As there were great numbers of soldiers and hazardous materials were handled without care, serious environmental damages occurred. Much money has been spent by the Czechoslovak/Czech state in order to reduce contamination and to treat environmental impacts. The former military area should be revitalized carefully so that our descendants would find this area pleasant and enjoying.
Geographical Aspects in the Framework of Interdisciplinary Research on Migration
Authors: Drbohlav Dušan
Published: December 2020

This contribution deals with the basic concepts of migration. It focuses on how geographical aspects may be understood within an interdisciplinary research of migration. The following points are discussed: conditionality of the migration process, migration definition within a broader concept of a spatial mobility, data sources and their "organization", principal dimensions of study of migration processes and related important theoretical frameworks and approaches.
Internal Migration and Regional Population Dynamics - Czech Republic in the Context of European Trends
Authors: Kupiszewski Marek , Drbohlav Dušan , Rees Philip , Durham Helen
Published: December 2020

This paper is a shortened version of the publication "Czech Case Study: Internal Migration and Regional Population Dynamics in Europe" that originated as part of a comparative research carried out in ten European countries under the umbrella of the Council of Europe in between 1995 and 1998. It concentrates on analysis of internal migration movements (by Czech districts in 1984 and 1994/1995) and on the migratory behaviour by different age groups (in different life course stages). Furthermore, the paper is focused on the relationships between migration on one side and the following independent variables on the other side: urbanisation rate, population density, functional classification, and unemployment.
SOME FEATURES OF REFORMING THE ADMINISTRATIVE-DELICIT LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION — THE THIRD WAVE OF CODIFICATION
Authors: Evsikova E. V.
Published: December 2020

The article reveals and justifies the need for radical processing and reform of administrative-tort legislation in the wake of the third wave of codification, which is one of the priority areas of state legal reform in the Russian Federation as a whole. The author gradually explores the main provisions of the General Part of the Draft Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, revealing and exploring such basic categories of administrative-tort law as: subjects of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation in the field of administrative-tort law and the subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of administrative-tort law, on on the basis of which the author identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the Draft Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses yah in the regulatory settlement of these issues; actions of administrative-tort legislation in time, taking into account the main problems of law enforcement, especially regarding the issue of canceling administrative responsibility for a specific act with its simultaneous criminalization; actions of administrative-tort legislation in space; principles of legality, equality before the law, humanism, guilt, inadmissibility of repeated administrative punishment for the same administrative offense; the principle of justice and proportionality of punishment; categories of “administrative offense” and “administrative responsibility”. Based on the analysis, the author identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the Draft Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, requiring refinement and clarification, makes its suggestions for its improvement.
PECULIARITIES OF APPLYING ADMINISTRATIVE WARNING MEASURES TO ENSURE PUBLIC ORDER AND PUBLIC SAFETY
Authors: Rusanova S. Yu. , Ponomarev А. V.
Published: December 2020

The article reveals the problems of applying administrative warning measures related to ensuring public order and public safety. The author reveals the features of legal regulation and practical implementation of such measures as restriction or prohibition of traffic and pedestrians on certain sections of streets and highways, temporary restriction of citizens ‘ access to certain areas of terrain and objects (blocking areas of terrain, individual buildings and objects), as well as the use of vehicles and communication facilities belonging to enterprises, institutions and organizations. Based on the study, the author makes suggestions for improving the current legislation of the Russian Federation in terms of the mechanism for implementing the analyzed measures.
Implementasi Aplikasi Nama Buah-Buahan Sebagai Media Edukasi Pada Penitipan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: TUBIL Ari Yunus Hendrawan , Sari Widia Novita
Published: December 2020

PAUD merupakan pendidikan yang diberikan oleh orang tua, penitipan anak atau lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini sebelum jenjang pendidikan dasar. PAUD memiliki kelompok sasaran anak usia 1-4  tahun yang biasanya disebut sebagai masa emas. Biasanya orang tua atau guru PAUD melakukan proses pembelajaran pengenalan jenis buah-buahan menggunakan poster dan majalah bergambar, hal ini menyebabkan anak-anak usia dini sulit untuk mengenali jenis buah-buahan karena media yang terbatas dan kurang efisien, sehingga menyebabkan anak-anak mudah bosan untuk belajar. Di zaman yang semakin canggih seperti saat ini, banyak orang yang memanfaatkan multimedia untuk melakukan proses belajar mengajar, karena lebih efektif dan efisien dalam penggunaanya, dengan tampilan yang lebih menarik dan tidak membosankan akan membuat anak-anak senang untuk belajar. Penggunaan aplikasi nama buah-buahan dapat  mempermudah anak-anak usia dini dalam mengenal jenis buah sehingga proses belajar lebih menyenangkan.
PENGARUH KEJELASAN SASARAN ANGGARAN DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP SENJANGAN ANGGARAN
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh komitmen organisasi terhadap senjangan anggaran. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan kejelasan sasaran anggaran dan komitmen organisasi terhadap senjangan anggaran.

Sedangkan metode yang digunakan menggunakan analisis regresi yang merupakan salah satu analisis yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suatu variabel terhadap variabel lain.

Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan Kejelasan sasaran anggaran berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap senjangan anggaran, dengan nilai signifikan 0,004 lebih kecil dari 0,05.  Hal ini berarti semakin jelas sasaran anggaran yang dibuat pada instansi-instansi Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Takalar, maka semakin rendah senjangan anggaran yang terjadi.  Komitmen organisasi mempunyai pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap senjangan anggaran, dengan tingkat signifikan 0,010 lebih kecil dari 0,05. Hal ini berarti pegawai pada instansi pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Takalar memiliki komitmen organisasi yang baik sehingga memperkecil terciptanya senjangan anggaran.  Kejelasan sasaran anggaran dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh secara simultan  terhadap senjangan anggaran dengan tingkat signifikan sebesar 0,002 yang berarti lebih kecil dari 0,05. Hal ini berarti semakin jelas sasaran anggaran yang dibuat dan dengan komitmen organisasi yang tinggi pada setiap pegawai pada instansi Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Takalar akan mengurangi terjadinya senjangan anggaran yang akan terjadi.
PENGARUH GAJI, BONUS, DAN FASILITAS TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. BANK SULSELBAR KANTOR PUSAT MAKASSAR
Authors: Dwinanda Giri
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaji, Bonus, dan fasilitas terhadap Motivasi Kerja Karyawan Pada PT Bank SULSELBAR Kantor Pusat Makassar dengan mengambil 65 Karyawan sebagai sampel penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa secara parsial terbukti jika Bounus, dan Fasilitas berpengaruh terhadap  motivasi kerja Karyawan sementara Gaji berpengaruh positif tapi tidak signifikan terhadap Motivasi Kerja Karyawan. Penelitian ini juga membuktikan secara simultan Gaji, Bonus, dan Fasilitas berpengaruh terhadap  Motivasi Kerja Karyawan Pada PT Bank SULSELBAR Kantor Pusat Makassar
New finding of Convolvulus hawkmoth − Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) in the south of Western Siberia
Authors: Yakovlev Roman V. , Volgin Igor
Published: December 2020

In this article a new finding of Convolvulus hawkmoth − Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) in the south of Western Siberia is given.
EFICIÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS DE EXTRAÇÃO DE MELOIDOGYNE SPP. NA CULTURA DA ACEROLEIRA
Authors: Souza Junior Francisco Jorge Carlos de , Assunção Mayara Castro , Mello Arielena Augusta Rodrigues , Neto Jaime Corbiniano Santos , Silva Liany Regina Bezerra de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

A aceroleira é uma importante cultura para região nordeste do Brasil, devido ao sua adaptação ao clima da região. Um dos seus principais problemas fitossanitários na cultura são as perdas ocasionadas por fitonematoides do gênero Meloidogyne, conhecido como nematoides das galhas. Nos diversos estudos agronômicos no manejo desta doença na cultura é essencial o isolamento do patógeno para realizar de estudo. Para obtenção de suspensão de inóculo de fitonematoides é necessário um método rápido, confiável e altamente eficiente para a extração de indivíduos viáveis ​​do solo e sistema radicular, tanto para diagnósticos de campo, mas também para pesquisas em laboratório. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar diferentes adaptações do método de Jenkins para amostras de solo e o método de Coolen e D’Harde para amostras de raízes, quanto à quantidade de M. incognita e M. enterolobii  extraídos/mL, indicando qual destas metodologias pode-se obter a maior quantidade de espécimes e ovos extraídos da cultura da acerola. Portanto, as melhores metodologias de extração foram os tratamentos usando velocidade de rotação de 1400 rpm para amostras de solo e o tratamento utilizando a adição de caulim para extrações de raízes de aceroleira nas duas espécies de Meloidogyne. Para o tempo da centrifugação na extração, cada espécies tem um tempo de processamento diferente.
ADEQUAÇÃO DO PH DE ÁGUAS UTILIZADAS NA APLICAÇÃO DE DEFENSIVOS NA REGIÃO DE GOIANÉSIA - GO
Authors: Peixoto Ronaldo Luiz Ottoni , Caixeta Daniel Ferreira
Published: December 2020

Os defensivos agrícolas estão sujeitos a sofrer diversas interferências até atingir o alvo, e um dos fatores mais importantes nesse processo consiste na adequação do pH da água utilizada na pulverização, desse modo, objetivou-se estudar a resposta do pH de águas usadas no preparo da calda à adição de dois adjuvantes agrícolas em diferentes doses. O delineamento empregado nos ensaios de laboratório foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Foram testadas amostras de água provenientes de sete fontes, utilizando dois adjuvantes e quatro doses para cada um, perfazendo 56 condições distintas. Cada condição testada foi avaliada com 2 horas e 74 horas após a adição do redutor para avaliar o poder tampão (no primeiro e quarto dia após a adição do produto). As datas foram comparadas entre si para cada condição testada utilizando a análise de variância. O pH inicial e a CE de todas as amostras nos dias um e quatro foi comparado utilizando o teste de X². Realizou-se a análise de regressão pelo método Quasi-Newton, com o intuito de encontrar e ajustar um modelo exponencial decrescente que explique a relação entre dose do adjuvante e resposta de cada água coletada. Observou-se que cada fonte de água possui características diferentes. E nos extremos pôde-se observar a água de poço artesiano (mais alcalina) e destilada (mais ácida). Águas mais alcalinas tendem a resistir mais à ação dos redutores. De modo geral, quanto maior a dose do redutor, menor será o pH da água. O modelo mais adequado para explicar a relação entre dose de adjuvante e pH da água foi o  , absorvendo mais de 92% da variância em todas as águas testadas. Esse modelo pode ser utilizado para prever as doses dos redutores testados para diferentes tipos de produtos fitossanitários. A dose comercial de ambos os adjuvantes deixou o pH da maioria das amostras abaixo de 3,5, exceto no Poço 1. Essa faixa de pH é inadequada para a maioria dos fitossaneantes. Faz-se necessário reavaliar o uso dos redutores de pH em condições de campo, a fim de evitar recomendações que causem perdas nas aplicações de defensivos.
CONTROLE QUÍMICO DE PERCEVEJOS DA SOJA NO VALE DO SÃO PATRÍCIO
Authors: Jesus Romário Soares de , Gomes Elieser Silva , Caixeta Daniel Ferreira
Published: December 2020

Há uma discussão constante entre os produtos sobre qual produto é mais eficiente no controle dos percevejos da soja. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho será a avaliar a eficiência dos principais inseticidas utilizados no controle dos percevejos da cultura da soja na Região de Goianésia e Vila Propício-GO, e testar aditivos e adjuvantes que maximizem a eficiência de controle desses produtos. O estudo foi conduzido na fazenda Pai José, no município de Vila Propício-GO. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas em esquema fatorial 9x3, com oito inseticidas/dosese um controle, três tratamentos (NaCl, Acquamax®, e sem aditivo/adjuvante) e quatro repetições. Ao todo, foram testadas 27 cenários distintos. A aplicação foi realizada por meio de pulverizador costal de pesquisa (Herbicat®), com barra de seis pontas (100-02) espaçadas a 0,5m, com faixa aplicada de 3 metros. O volume de calda utilizado foi de 150l/ha, com pressão de 0,75 Kgf, e velocidade de 4,5 km/h. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância utilizando o procedimento GLM, seguido do teste de Tukey para separação das médias. As transformações utilizadas foram  para as variáveis numero de percevejos por metro antes, e com 24 e 72 horas após a aplicação. A eficiência de controle foi transformada utilizando o arco-seno  +0,5. O Connect® 1l/ha (Imidacloprido+Betaciflutrina) reduziu a população dos percevejos de 12,4 pata 1,4 percevejos por metro com 24 horas após a aplicação. Perito® 1kg/ha (Acefato) foi o produto o residual mais alto, apresentando mais de 80% de eficiência de controle com 72 horas após a instalação do ensaio. Nenhum inseticida manteve a população de percevejos abaixo do Nível de Controle no terceiro dia após a aplicação. Os Neonicotinoides+Piretóides e Organosfosforados foram mais eficientes no controle de percevejos do que os Piretróides. Não há justificativa econômica ou agronômica para a utilização do adjuvante Acquamax® na aplicação de inseticidas. Engeo Pleno® (Tiametoxan+Lambdacialotrina) e o Perito® (Acefato) na menor dose possuem alta eficiência de controle e custo 44-30% menor. A relação de custo-benefício da adição do sal de cozinha se mostrou extremamente vantajosa, com custo de R$ 0,75/ha e aumento na eficiência de controle superior a 15%.
Análisis foliar: Una guía para evaluar el estado nutricional del café.
Authors: Sadeghian Siavosh
Published: December 2020

Este Avance Técnico tiene como propósito dar a conocer algunos aspectos básicos acerca de la interpretación del análisis foliar y suministrar información para evaluar el estado nutricional de las variedades que se cultivan actualmente en Colombia.
Informe Anual Cenicafé 2020
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: December 2020

Durante el año 2020 se adelantó el Plan Operativo con investigaciones enmarcadas en los tres componentes de la rentabilidad económica del cultivo que son aumento en la productividad, eficiencia en el uso de insumos y mano de obra, y mayor valor agregado por calidad. Así mismo, las actividades de capacitación al Servicio de Extensión y de divulgación hacia los caficultores, se orientaron en la estrategia “Más Agronomía, Más Productividad, Más Calidad” de la Gerencia Técnica.
Phytoplankton composition with an emphasis of Cyanobacteria and their toxins as an indicator for the ecological status of Lake Vaya (Bulgaria) – part of the Via Pontica migration route
Authors: Teneva Ivanka , Belkinova Detelina , Mladenov Rumen , Stoyanov Plamen , Moten Dzhemal , Basheva Diyana , Kazakov Stefan , Dzhambazov Balik
Published: December 2020

As producers of biomass, cyanobacteria are a major part of the phytoplankton in a large number of water basins. Due to the cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins produced, these organisms are recognized as a threat and ecological risk for water bodies. Released cyanotoxins may cause death of many organisms including birds and fish. Vaya Lake is the largest natural lake in Bulgaria. It is located on the Via Pontica migration route of birds between Europe and Africa. Since 2003, the lake has been declared as a "Wetland of international importance” under the Ramsar Convention. According to the literature data from 2002-2006, the Lake is defined as highly eutrophied due to strong anthropogenic pressure, but regular monitoring of the cyanobacterial blooms and presence of cyanotoxins after this period is missing. Taking into account the importance of this unique, protected ecosystem, our aim was to make a complete ecological assessment of the present state of Lake Vaya by using the phytoplankton, with an emphasis on cyanobacterial blooms and the presence of cyanotoxins. As results of the study, we 1) characterized the phytoplankton composition qualitatively and quantitatively; 2) evaluated the ecological status of the western and eastern part of the Lake; 3) identified the potential producers of cyanotoxins; 4) observed cyanobacterial blooms and discussed the influence of macrophytes on their spread; 5) measured the concentrations of the cyanotoxins MCs, CYL and STXs in water samples from both parts of the Lake. Our results indicated the need for continued observation of cyanobacterial composition, blooming and the presence of cyanotoxins in Lake Vaya.
Safety and Efficacy of Poseltinib, Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, 2-part Phase II Study
Authors: Genovese Mark C. , Spindler Alberto , Sagawa Akira , Park Won , Dudek Anna , Kivitz Alan , Chao Jeannie , Chan Lai Shan Melanie , Witcher Jennifer , Barchuk William , Nirula Ajay
Published: December 2020

Objective.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of poseltinib (formerly LY3337641/HM71224), an irreversible covalent inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase in a 2-part, phase II trial (RAjuvenate; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02628028) in adults with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

In Part A, 36 patients with mildly active RA were randomized 1:1:1:1 to oral poseltinib 5, 10, or 30 mg or placebo once daily for 4 weeks to assess safety and tolerability. No safety signals precluded moving to Part B, where 250 patients with moderate-to-severe RA were randomized 1:1:1:1 to oral poseltinib 5 mg (n = 63), 10 mg (n = 62), or 30 mg (n = 63), or placebo (n = 62) once daily for 12 weeks. Parts A and B permitted stable doses of background disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. The primary endpoint in Part B was proportion of patients achieving 20% improvement in American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR20) at Week 12. Logistic regression compared each poseltinib dose to placebo for primary and secondary endpoints. Nonresponder imputation was used for missing data.

Results.

After interim analysis showed low likelihood of demonstrating significant efficacy, the sponsor discontinued Part B of the study. One hundred and eighty-nine (76%) patients completed 12 weeks in Part B; 61 discontinued study treatment (27 [44%] due to study termination by sponsor). There was no statistically significant difference in ACR20 response between any dose of poseltinib and placebo at Week 12 (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Five serious adverse events occurred (n = 2, placebo; n = 3, 30 mg); there was 1 death due to a fall.

Conclusion.

While no safety findings precluded continuation, the study was terminated after interim data demonstrated low likelihood of benefit in RA.
Soluble Vascular Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis: Effects of 1-year Antitumor Necrosis Factor-α Therapy
Authors: Pusztai Anita , Hamar Attila , Horváth Ágnes , Gulyás Katalin , Végh Edit , Bodnár Nóra , Kerekes György , Czókolyová Monika , Szamosi Szilvia , Bodoki Levente , Hodosi Katalin , Domján Andrea , Nagy Gábor , Szöllősi Ibolya , Lopez Luis R. , Matsuura Eiji , Prohászka Zoltán , Szántó Sándor , Nagy Zoltán , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Szekanecz Zoltán , Szűcs Gabriella
Published: December 2020

Objective.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have been associated with cardiovascular disease. The treatment of arthritis by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors may decrease the serum concentrations of vascular biomarkers. We determined circulating levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)/β2 glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) complexes, antibodies to 60 kDa heat shock protein (anti-Hsp60), soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) fragment in sera of RA and AS patients undergoing anti-TNF treatment.

Methods.

Fifty-three patients with RA/AS were treated with etanercept or certolizumab pegol for 1 year. Circulating oxLDL/β2-GPI complex (AtherOx), anti-Hsp60 IgG, and BNP8-29 fragment levels were assessed by ELISA. suPAR levels were determined by suPARnostic Quick Triage test. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) were determined by ultrasound.

Results.

One-year anti-TNF treatment significantly decreased oxLDL/β2-GPI levels, as well as suPAR levels in patients with critically high suPAR levels at baseline. In RA, BNP levels were higher in seropositive vs seronegative patients. Serum levels of these vascular biomarkers variably correlated with lipids, anticitrullinated protein antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and C-reactive protein. CIMT positively correlated with BNP, and PWV with suPAR and anti-Hsp60, whereas FMD inversely associated with anti-Hsp60. In repeated measures ANOVA analysis, disease activity supported the effects of anti-TNF treatment on 12-month changes in oxLDL/β2-GPI. CIMT supported the effects of therapy on changes in anti-Hsp60 and suPAR.

Conclusion.

These biomarkers may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis underlying RA/AS. TNF inhibition variably affects the serum levels of oxLDL/β2-GPI, suPAR, and BNP.
Bargaining in a multi-echelon supply chain with power structure: KS solution vs. Nash solution
Authors: Zhong Feimin , Xie Jinxing , Shen Yuwei
Published: December 2020

This paper studies a multi-echelon serial supply chain with negotiations over wholesale prices between successive echelons. Two types of bargaining systems with power structures are compared: one adopts the generalized Kalai-Smorodinsky (KS) solution and the other adopts the generalized Nash solution. Our analyses show that, for any KS bargaining system with a given bargaining power structure, there is a Nash bargaining system with another bargaining power structure, such that the two systems are the same. However under the same power structure, the generalized KS solution results in lower wholesale price and higher total supply chain profit than the Nash solution does. Finally, we characterize the necessary and sufficient condition of the bargaining power structure under which the KS bargaining system Pareto dominates the Nash bargaining system, and the set characterized by such condition does not shrink to an empty set as the number of echelons increases to infinity.
Existence result for a Kirchhoff elliptic system involving p-Laplacian operator with variable parameters and additive right hand side via sub and super solution methods
Authors: Boulaaras Salah ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences and Arts, ArRass, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Guefaifia Rafik , Cherif Bahri , Radwan Taha ,   Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Mathematics of Oran (LMFAO), University of Oran 1, Ahmed Benbella, Oran, Algeria,   Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Larbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Management Technology and Information Systems, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the study of the existence result for a Kirchhoff elliptic system with additive right hand side and variable parameters involving $ p- $Laplacian operator by using the sub-super solutions method. Our study is an natural extension result of our previous once in (Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 41 (2018), 5203–5210), where in the latter we discussed only the simple case when the parameters are constant.
Analytical solutions for free convection flow of Casson nanofluid over an infinite vertical plate
Authors: Ahmad Mushtaq ,   Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan, Asjad Muhammad Imran , Akgül Ali , Baleanu Dumitru ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan,   Department of Mathematics, Art and Science Faculty, Siirt University, Siirt 56100, Turkey,   Department of Mathematics, Cankaya University, 06530 Balgat, Ankara, Turkey,   Institute of Space Sciences, R76900 Magurele-Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Taichung 40402, Taiwan
Published: December 2020

This research article is design to elaborate the rule and significance of fractional derivative for heat transport in drilling of nanofluid. The respective nanofluid formed by the suspension of clay nanoparticles in the base fluids namely Casson fluid. The physical flow phenomenon is demonstrated with the help of partial differential equations by utilizing the respective thermophysical properties of nanoparticles. Also the geometric and thermal conditions are imposed in flow domain. In the governing equations, the partial derivative with respect to time replaced by new hybrid fractional derivative and then solved analytically for temperature and velocity field with the help of Laplace transformed. The obtained solutions for temperature and velocity are presented geometrically by Mathcad software to see the effectiveness of potent parameters. The temperature and velocity present a significant increasing trend for increasing volume fraction parameter. The obtained results for temperature as well as velocity are also compared with the existing literature and it is concluded that field variables with new hybrid fractional derivative, show more decaying trend as compare to the results with Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivatives.
The proximity of the past in Mauritania. EU border externalisation and its colonial antecedents
Authors: Ould Moctar Hassan
Published: December 2020

Taking as its backdrop certain transformations entailed by the colonial encounter, this article explores European Union (EU) border externalisation in Mauritania. It draws a parallel between these two historical instances by highlighting three socio-spatial changes brought about by colonialism, and then illustrating how they have been reaffirmed through EU border externalisation. These domains are territorial delimitation, human mobility, and collective belonging. Such a perspective does not remove the agency of state actors from the externalisation process. Indeed, while the linear model of territorial delimitation was a colonial imposition, there is now a convergence of interest around its reinforcement. Furthermore, externalisation in its post-crisis phase becomes characterised by disagreement and contestation between EU and Mauritanian state actors, as the latter appropriate categories and technologies of externalisation for their own purposes. Nonetheless, it will be shown that the scope in which this agency is enacted is ultimately conditioned by the colonial shift in socio-spatial organisation.