bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Data Analytics in Telecare and Telehealth: Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Anderson Euan , Lennon Marilyn , Kavanagh Kimberley , Weir Natalie , Kernaghan David , Roper Marc , Dunlop Emma , Lapp Linda
Published: June 2024

Background

Telecare and telehealth are important care-at-home services used to support individuals to live more independently at home. Historically, these technologies have reactively responded to issues. However, there has been a recent drive to make better use of the data from these services to facilitate more proactive and predictive care.

Objective

This review seeks to explore the ways in which predictive data analytics techniques have been applied in telecare and telehealth in at-home settings.

Methods

The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist was adhered to alongside Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. English language papers published in MEDLINE, Embase, and Social Science Premium Collection between 2012 and 2022 were considered and results were screened against inclusion or exclusion criteria.

Results

In total, 86 papers were included in this review. The types of analytics featuring in this review can be categorized as anomaly detection (n=21), diagnosis (n=32), prediction (n=22), and activity recognition (n=11). The most common health conditions represented were Parkinson disease (n=12) and cardiovascular conditions (n=11). The main findings include: a lack of use of routinely collected data; a dominance of diagnostic tools; and barriers and opportunities that exist, such as including patient-reported outcomes, for future predictive analytics in telecare and telehealth.

Conclusions

All papers in this review were small-scale pilots and, as such, future research should seek to apply these predictive techniques into larger trials. Additionally, further integration of routinely collected care data and patient-reported outcomes into predictive models in telecare and telehealth offer significant opportunities to improve the analytics being performed and should be explored further. Data sets used must be of suitable size and diversity, ensuring that models are generalizable to a wider population and can be appropriately trained, validated, and tested.
Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for Stabilizing Sleep Hours of Japanese Workers: Microrandomized Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroki , Ishizawa Tetsuro , Kishi Akifumi , Nakamura Toru , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Yoshiharu
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Sleep disturbance is a major contributor to future health and occupational issues. Mobile health can provide interventions that address adverse health behaviors for individuals in a vulnerable health state in real-world settings (just-in-time adaptive intervention).

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify a subpopulation with vulnerable sleep state in daily life (study 1) and, immediately afterward, to test whether providing mobile health intervention improved habitual sleep behaviors and psychological wellness in real-world settings by conducting a microrandomized trial (study 2).

METHODS

Japanese workers (n=182) were instructed to collect data on their habitual sleep behaviors and momentary symptoms (including depressive mood, anxiety, and subjective sleep quality) using digital devices in a real-world setting. In study 1, we calculated intraindividual mean and variability of sleep hours, midpoint of sleep, and sleep efficiency to characterize their habitual sleep behaviors. In study 2, we designed and conducted a sleep just-in-time adaptive intervention, which delivered objective push-type sleep feedback messages to improve their sleep hours for a subset of participants in study 1 (n=81). The feedback messages were generated based on their sleep data measured on previous nights and were randomly sent to participants with a 50% chance for each day (microrandomization).

RESULTS

In study 1, we applied hierarchical clustering to dichotomize the population into 2 clusters (group A and group B) and found that group B was characterized by unstable habitual sleep behaviors (large intraindividual variabilities). In addition, linear mixed-effect models showed that the interindividual variability of sleep hours was significantly associated with depressive mood (β=3.83; P=.004), anxiety (β=5.70; P=.03), and subjective sleep quality (β=−3.37; P=.03). In study 2, we found that providing sleep feedback prolonged subsequent sleep hours (increasing up to 40 min; P=.01), and this effect lasted for up to 7 days. Overall, the stability of sleep hours in study 2 was significantly improved among participants in group B compared with the participants in study 1 (P=.001).

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to demonstrate that providing sleep feedback can benefit the modification of habitual sleep behaviors in a microrandomized trial. The findings of this study encourage the use of digitalized health intervention that uses real-time health monitoring and personalized feedback.
Optimal Systolic Blood Pressure for the Prevention of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Older Adults With Hypertension: Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Jae Jun , Lee Kyung Hee
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Target systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels for older adults with hypertension vary across countries, leading to challenges in determining the appropriate SBP level.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify the optimal SBP level for minimizing all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in older Korean adults with hypertension.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Service database. We included older adults aged 65 years or older who were newly diagnosed with hypertension and underwent a National Health Insurance Service health checkup in 2003-2004. We excluded patients who had a history of hypertension or CVD, were not prescribed medication for hypertension, had missing blood pressure or any other covariate values, and had fewer than 2 health checkups during the follow-up period until 2020. We categorized the average SBP levels into 6 categories in 10 mm Hg increments, from <120 mm Hg to ≥160 mm Hg; 130-139 mm Hg was the reference range. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the relationship between SBP and all-cause and CVD mortalities, and subgroup analysis was conducted by age group (65-74 years and 75 years or older).

RESULTS

A total of 68,901 older adults newly diagnosed with hypertension were included in this study. During the follow-up period, 32,588 (47.3%) participants had all-cause mortality and 4273 (6.2%) had CVD mortality. Compared to older adults with SBP within the range of 130-139 mm Hg, individuals who fell into the other SBP categories, excluding those with SBP 120-129 mm Hg, showed significantly higher all-cause and CVD mortality. Subgroup analysis showed that older adults aged 65-74 years had higher all-cause and CVD mortality rates according to SBP categories than those aged 75 years or older.

CONCLUSIONS

The SBP levels within the range of 120-139 mm Hg were associated with the lowest all-cause and CVD mortality rates among older Korean adults with hypertension. It is recommended to reduce SBP to <140 mm Hg, with 120 mm Hg as the minimum value for SBP, for older Korean adults with hypertension. Additionally, stricter SBP management is required for adults aged 65-74 years.
Population Percentage and Population Size of Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States, 2017-2021: Meta-Analysis of 5 Population-Based Surveys (Preprint)
Authors: Bennett Brady W , DuBose Stephanie , Huang Ya-Lin A , Johnson Christopher H , Hoover Karen W , Wiener Jeffrey , Purcell David W , Sullivan Patrick S
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Male-to-male sexual transmission continues to account for the greatest proportion of new HIV diagnoses in the United States. However, calculating population-specific surveillance metrics for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections requires regularly updated estimates of the number and proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, which are not collected by census surveys.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the number and percentage of MSM in the United States from population-based surveys.

METHODS

We used data from 5 population-based surveys to calculate weighted estimates of the proportion of MSM in the United States and pooled these estimates using meta-analytic procedures. We estimated the proportion of MSM using sexual behavior–based questions (encompassing anal or oral sex) for 3 recall periods—past 12 months, past 5 years, and lifetime. In addition, we estimated the proportion of MSM using self-reported identity and attraction survey responses. The total number of MSM and non-MSM in the United States were calculated from estimates of the percentage of MSM who reported sex with another man in the past 12 months.

RESULTS

The percentage of MSM varied by recall period: 3.3% (95% CI 1.7%-4.9%) indicated sex with another male in the past 12 months, 4.7% (95% CI 0.0%-33.8%) in the past 5 years, and 6.2% (95% CI 2.9%-9.5%) in their lifetime. There were comparable percentages of men who identified as gay or bisexual (3.4%, 95% CI 2.2%-4.6%) or who indicated that they are attracted to other men (4.9%, 95% CI 3.1%-6.7%) based on pooled estimates. Our estimate of the total number of MSM in the United States is 4,230,000 (95% CI 2,179,000-6,281,000) based on the history of recent sexual behavior (sex with another man in the past 12 months).

CONCLUSIONS

We calculated the pooled percentage and number of MSM in the United States from a meta-analysis of population-based surveys collected from 2017 to 2021. These estimates update and expand upon those derived from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2012 by including estimates of the percentage of MSM based on sexual identity and sexual attraction. The percentage and number of MSM in the United States is an important indicator for calculating population-specific disease rates and eligibility for preventive interventions such as pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Effectiveness of Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) and Platelets Rich Plasma (PRP) in patients with Osteoarthritis: Study protocol for a phase III, prospective, randomized, controlled multi-center study: (SPOST study). (Preprint)
Authors: Schwitzguebel Adrien , Ramirez Cadavid David Andres , Benaim Charles , Da Silva Tamara , Decavel Pierre
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Available evidence on the conservative treatment of osteoarthritis still leaves the place for questioning on the efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and on whether Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) offers a superior therapeutic tool.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the clinical efficacy of SVF as adjuvant therapy to PRP on functionality and tissue regeneration for osteoarthritis.

METHODS

In a multi-centric, randomized, triple-blind controlled trial, 130 individuals with osteoarthritis will be block-randomized in a 1:1 ratio. Patients will receive an initial single PRP or PRP + SVF injection, followed by one- and two-months PRP doses. The primary endpoint is the functional improvement measured with the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scale at 6 months follow-up. The secondary endpoints, gathered at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up will include clinical outcomes: Low Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (quick-DASH) score, Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during maximal physical activity, SANE, the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) (in knee osteoarthritis cases), return to work and to sports in days; and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) AMADEUS score at 6 months and at 12 months.

RESULTS

Participants recruitment and data collection is expected to begin in August 2024. Final end-points will be gathered in august 2027.

CONCLUSIONS

The study results will provide insight into the clinical efficacy of SVF as adjuvant therapy to PRP on functionality and tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05660824) and SNCTP

CLINICALTRIAL

This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05660824) and SNCTP.
Measuring Bound Attention During Complex Liver Surgery Planning: Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Schneider Tim , Cetin Timur , Uppenkamp Stefan , Weyhe Dirk , Muender Thomas , Reinschluessel Anke V , Salzmann Daniela , Uslar Verena
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The integration of advanced technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) into surgical procedures has garnered significant attention. However, the introduction of these innovations requires thorough evaluation in the context of human-machine interaction. Despite their potential benefits, new technologies can complicate surgical tasks and increase the cognitive load on surgeons, potentially offsetting their intended advantages. It is crucial to evaluate these technologies not only for their functional improvements but also for their impact on the surgeon’s workload in clinical settings. A surgical team today must increasingly navigate advanced technologies such as AR and VR, aiming to reduce surgical trauma and enhance patient safety. However, each innovation needs to be evaluated in terms of human-machine interaction. Even if an innovation appears to bring advancements to the field it is applied in, it may complicate the work and increase the surgeon’s workload rather than benefiting the surgeon.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to establish a method for objectively determining the additional workload generated using AR or VR glasses in a clinical context for the first time.

METHODS

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded using a passive auditory oddball paradigm while 9 participants performed surgical planning for liver resection across 3 different conditions: (1) using AR glasses, (2) VR glasses, and (3) the conventional planning software on a computer.

RESULTS

The electrophysiological results, that is, the potentials evoked by the auditory stimulus, were compared with the subjectively perceived stress of the participants, as determined by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire. The AR condition had the highest scores for mental demand (median 75, IQR 70-85), effort (median 55, IQR 30-65), and frustration (median 40, IQR 15-75) compared with the VR and PC conditions. The analysis of the EEG revealed a trend toward a lower amplitude of the N1 component as well as for the P3 component at the central electrodes in the AR condition, suggesting a higher workload for participants when using AR glasses. In addition, EEG components in the VR condition did not reveal any noticeable differences compared with the EEG components in the conventional planning condition. For the P1 component, the VR condition elicited significantly earlier latencies at the Fz electrode (mean 75.3 ms, SD 25.8 ms) compared with the PC condition (mean 99.4 ms, SD 28.6 ms).

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest a lower stress level when using VR glasses compared with AR glasses, likely due to the 3D visualization of the liver model. Additionally, the alignment between subjectively determined results and objectively determined results confirms the validity of the study design applied in this research.
Access to Healthcare: A Promise fulfilled? A Hoax or A Matter of Control?-A qualitative study into the experiences of International Students in Hungary. (Preprint)
Authors: Atiku Livia Yawa Like , Adofo Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

While a number of studies have examined issues affecting international students in various settings on a global scale, there is little evidence about international students in Hungary and few or no studies at all have involved these international students to understand their needs. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of international students on their self-assessed health status, access to healthcare services and difficulties encountered in Hungary by way of distilling existing information on how studies in a foreign country has influenced their mental health and general wellbeing.

OBJECTIVE

This qualitative study was to explore international students’ self-reported state of health, their access to healthcare services in Hungary.

METHODS

The study was conducted as part of a mixed methods approach to extract useful information relevant to the phenomenon from participants in video recorded focus group discussions (FGDs). Six (6) FGDs were held hosting students from two universities. A total of 21 international students were conveniently sampled. International students aged between 22-38 years got featured (x̄=27years, s.d=4.322). In general, questions were asked in relation to participants’ stay in Hungary and their experiences while engaging with clinic and hospital staff. Themes that emerged from discussions were analysed by thematic analysis of the transcripts.

RESULTS

Although international students, especially Stipendium Hungaricum scholarship holders are covered by a comprehensive health insurance, some have difficulty accessing healthcare services and do actually pay for medications prescribed them when they think otherwise. Other related challenges included linguistic barriers to effective communication with service providers, insensitivity and a lack of empathy of some care providers to the plight of migrant students, negative attitudes of some service providers, a tendency towards cold abandonment and what they perceive as unpreparedness of the host nation to receive them. This follows pockets of inconsistencies in the form of rigid bureaucracy, delays in responding to email requests for appointment with GPs, long waiting times and issues of privacy and confidentiality.

CONCLUSIONS

Essentially, participants demonstrated they were aware of the guidelines for hospital consultations with a general practitioner (GP). Most international students praised the healthcare package advanced them, especially Stipendium Hungaricum scholarship holders. However, access to healthcare around which Sustainable Development Goals 3 (SDG3) revolves may be a mirage for some of them as the study revealed a number of obstacles hindering the smooth flow of processes as far as their quest for satisfactory healthcare is concerned. This study therefore emphasizes the need for improved systems (infrastructural and human resource capacity building) for a more efficient service.
Assessing Dental Students' Awareness of Anaphylactic Shock Caused by Local Anesthetic Injection (Preprint)
Authors: Nasr Isfahani Mehdi , Pakravan Fahimeh , tabesh Adel , Jabbari Latifeh , Jabbari Bahareh
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Background: Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction with rapid onset and multi-organ involvement, can be fatal. It may occur after local anesthetic injection and is a major risk factor for dental emergencies. Healthcare professionals must be aware of prompt diagnosis and management. Antibiotics, chlorhexidine, iodoform, and latex can also cause anaphylaxis less frequently. Anaphylactic shock is a critical clinical manifestation in daily dental practice, and some dental students lack the knowledge to accurately treat patients in emergency situations.

OBJECTIVE

Aim: This study investigates the awareness of dental students from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences regarding anaphylactic shock caused by local anesthetic injection during their last two years of study.

METHODS

Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted after registration in the council of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and obtaining the code of ethics on all students of the last two years of dentistry of Isfahan University in 2023. The inclusion criteria of the study were the students of the last two years of general dental doctorate. Those who did not want to cooperate and incompletely filled the questionnaire were excluded from the study. In order to check the questionnaires, the answers were calculated as signs and symptoms, anaphylaxis and epinephrine administration. Answers were distributed individually. The experience status was also in the form of 3 questions, and the frequency of each answer was reported. The marks of each field were assigned as correct answer (score=1) and wrong answer (score=0). Then demographic information including gender, age, experience and knowledge score regarding epinephrine and anaphylaxis was analyzed using SPSS version 26 software.

RESULTS

Results: There is no difference between the level of knowledge of students in terms of gender, age and year of entry. Regarding the level of awareness of students regarding the administration of epinephrine in anaphylaxis, the research participants were only aware of the fact that epinephrine is kept in their department. And there was no difference between gender, age and entry year of students in terms of knowledge of epinephrine administration at the time of anaphylaxis reaction. However, students at the ages of 23 and 27 had a higher level of awareness than other age groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion: Most of the students had a high level of awareness of the signs and symptoms of anaphylactic reaction caused by the injection of local anesthetics, and none of the demographic variables (gender, age, and year of admission) had an effect on the level of awareness of the students in the field of signs and symptoms.
La cueva de Salamanca
Authors: Ruiz de Alarcón y Mendoza Juan
Published: June 2024

El Gobierno del Estado de Guerrero y la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México han iniciado la publicación de la Biblioteca Alarconiana con las obras de Juan Ruiz de Alarcón y Mendoza, en ediciones prologadas y revisadas por especialistas del Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas de la UNAM, quienes dan cuenta de la vida y obra del autor. La presente coedición se propone acercar la dramaturgia del ilustre taxqueño a las generaciones actuales para retomar el diálogo con su legado.
La palabra charro
Authors: Murià José María
Published: June 2024

Discurso de ingreso de José María Murià a la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua, el 29 de noviembre de 2018. Da respuesta Felipe Garrido.
La máscara que hablaba
Authors: Cardona Peña Alfredo
Published: June 2024

El Rey Sol era conocido por sus riquezas, pero aún con todas ellas siempre deseaba algo más. Un día pidió a su reino y más allá de la comarca que le trajeran un regalo especial. ¿Qué le obsequiarías a alguien que lo tiene todo? El príncipe de un país lejano tuvo la idea de llevarle una máscara mágica: al colocarla en la pared, comenzó a observar, escuchar y hablar, ¡hasta muecas podía hacer! ¿Te imaginas lo que provoca un obsequio como éste dentro del palacio más rico del mundo? ¿Alguna vez has pensado qué leían las niñas y los niños de antes? ¿Cuáles eran sus historias? Biblioteca de Chapulín te transportará muchos años atrás. Conoce los cuentos que leían tus abuelas y abuelos a tu edad: historias que han estado vivas por mucho tiempo y que hoy llegan a tus manos por el valor del trabajo de escritores e ilustradores, artistas todos, que pensaron en ti aun sin conocerte. Cada uno de los libros de esta Biblioteca te llevará por diferentes caminos: visita países lejanos, como Rusia o China, descubre misteriosos objetos con poderes mágicos, aprende canciones nuevas y vive aventuras junto con ratones, gorriones y renacuajos fabulosos. ¡Anímate a conocerlos!
Power Generation using Speed Breakers and Potholes Detection
Authors: Joshi Kalpesh
Published: June 2024

Abstract: A large amount of energy is wasted by the vehicles on roads when they apply heavy breaks on speed breakers. This happens due to friction and a high level of energy is produced. Energy can be extracted from the vehicles speed and weight. Another major issue is of major accidents caused by potholes on Indian roads. It is really important to identify these potholes and notify the driver about them to avoid these fatal accidents. Our project is an attempt to solve both these issues an effective, innovative and feasible manner. The domains in our project are energy generation/conservation and image processing. To generate electricity, we want a fast-moving face that can generate electricity. The reciprocating motion of the reducer is converted into rotational motion thanks to the rack and pinion device and a special system called the cylinder. We have developed a smart speed reducer that passes from both sides of the car and generates electricity from there. This system is assembled using all particle board and connecting rods. The system uses a high-speed machine that uses shafts, rollers and electric motors to generate electricity. The roller mechanism is used to return the reducer to its original position. It converts rotational motion into linear motion, but in some cases we use it to convert linear motion into rotational motion. The mechanism is economical and easy to install. With proper planning, we can generate a lot of electricity from traffic. Now let's briefly look at the meaning of the hole. Ultrasonic sensors are used to identify holes and bumps and measure their depth and height respectively. This helps people avoid fatal accidents. These two ideas together we solve two problems that people face. Therefore, this project preserves the essence of design thinking
Design of Web Applications in ASP.NET
Authors: Talekattu Mr. Anand
Published: June 2024

Abstract: In the digital era, the development of robust web applications is crucial for providing efficient solutions across various domains. This paper presents the design and development of two distinct web applications using ASP.NET Core: a resort booking application and an expense tracker application. The resort booking application utilizes ASP.NET Core Model-ViewController (MVC) to manage resort operations, while the expense tracker leverages ASP.NET Web API with Angular for comprehensive financial management of the user. The applications are designed to be scalable, secure, and user-friendly, addressing common performance bottlenecks and ensuring optimal performance
Design and Analysis of High Gain Dual Stage Op-amp in Cadence 180 nm Technology
Authors: Chittur Aishwarya
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Operational amplifier contains basic current mirror and dual input differential amplifier. Basic Current mirror is an electronic circuit which contains two transistors. The operation of the current mirror is that whenever current is applied to drain of one of the transistors with some magnitude same current will produce at the output of another transistor, hence the name mirror of the input signal. Operational amplifier contains two legs- inverting leg, non- inverting leg. If signals are applied to inverting and non-inverting legs , operational amplifier used as an amplifier and comparator or adder or subtractor. A two stage operational amplifier consists of a differential amplifier at the input stage.While the second stage is a high gain stage biased by the output of differential amplifier.
Design and Implementation of 1-bit Full Subtractor Using FinFET
Authors: Vinay M.
Published: June 2024

Abstract: A full subtractor is a digital combinational circuit that performs subtraction involving three bits, namely A (minuend), B (subtrahend), and Bin (borrow-in) . It accepts three inputs: A (minuend), B (subtrahend) and a Bin (borrow bit) and it produces two outputs: D (difference) and Bout (borrow out). Unlike a half adder, which adds only two binary digits and produces a sum and carry, a full adder considers an additional carry input from a previous less significant bit addition. The full adder's design includes three inputs: A, B, and Cin (carry-in), and two outputs: Sum (sum) and Cout (carry-out). The sum output Sum is derived by XOR-ing the three inputs, while the carry-out Cout is obtained by considering the majority function of the inputs. This means Cout is set when any two or more of the three inputs are high (logical 1). Full subtractors are fundamental components in the construction of arithmetic logic units (ALUs), binary adders, and other computational circuits in digital systems, enabling the handling of multi-bit binary addition by cascading multiple full adders.
Pitrufquén, Chile: la ciudad como estrategia de ocupación territorial
Authors: Cerda-Brintrup Gonzalo , Flores-Chávez Jaime , Fuentes-Hernández Pablo
Published: June 2024

This paper analyzes the development of Pitrufquén (located in the Araucanía Region, Chile, and founded in 1897) from a historical, territorial, urban, and architectural point of view. It is proposed that the city’s development is framed in a new moment, where the Chilean State abandons military criteria and assumes economic-territorial factors where the railroad’s presence is a determining factor. The choice of the site, its particular layout, and the development of its architecture are evidence of this change. From the historical point of view, it is analyzed how, in Pitrufquén, the Mapuche society had cattle raising as the main economic activity, as it had pastures to feed the cattle, the land was suitable for crops, and there was a vital ford to cross the Toltén River. This strategic location was maintained and accentuated by the city’s founding and the railroad’s arrival in 1898, turning the town into a railhead for progress towards the south of the country. In the case of the urban layout, its peculiarity was addressed since, together with Lonquimay, these are the only sections in the La Araucanía region organized based on an ellipse, which, in the case of Pitrufquén, also coexists with a checkerboard layout. The study analyzed its squares, diagonal avenues, and the perimeter ring road. At an architectural level, the article explores the three layers or aspects of the city: The first one studies the wooden architecture with works from the late 19th and early 20th centuries; the second refers to public architecture, represented by buildings such as the municipality, public services, the post office, and others; and a third layer addresses the modern architecture, such as housing and stores from the period between 1940 and 1960.
Misma lucha, distintos objetivos: estrategias territoriales por el derecho a la ciudad en dos campamentos de Temuco, Chile
Authors: Bondis-Luna Ignacio Andrés , Rojo-Mendoza Félix , Escalona-Ulloa Miguel
Published: June 2024

The housing encampments in Chile represent urban marginalization in the country. Due to the limited housing options the State provides, these settlements have historically developed forms of organization and struggle in search of their right to the city. Essentially, these actions focus on self-management to obtain a place to live. However, despite sharing similar needs, these groups show diverse forms of struggle. In the current context, with a growing demand for housing in the country, various strategies these groups adopt to integrate into the city can be observed. This article focuses on analyzing the occupation and spatial governance strategies implemented in two encampments located in the city of Temuco, Chile: Los Pinos and Los Ripieros, through a qualitative approach based on the application of a social mapping to the leaders of both settlements and the exploration of narratives related to past and future spatial governance. Differences were identified between these two encampments. Although they share a contiguous physical location and emerged at the same time, the results reveal that, despite initial similarities in urban development, there are differences in the motivations guiding their future actions. While Los Ripieros actively seeks to influence obtaining a permanent housing solution in other sectors of the city, Los Pinos chooses to get involved within the framework of existing urban regulations to secure a housing solution in the same place. These findings enrich the discussion on urban marginality by showing that the struggles for space of excluded groups are centered on the balance between rootedness and obtaining housing. The latter is vital for the state to consider when designing urban policies.
Segregación residencial en dos ciudades de la macro región sur del Perú
Authors: Dammert-Guardia Manuel , Rivera-Segura Luis Enrique
Published: June 2024

Studies on residential segregation in Peru have privileged the study of the capital city, to the detriment of cities with other scales and contexts. This article analyzes the residential segregation levels and patterns in two Peruvian cities in the southern macro-region: Arequipa and Tacna. Based on data provided by the 2007 and 2017 censuses, synthetic and spatial segregation indicators were analyzed in both cities, taking as reference the educational level of the head of household and calculating the data on the block, census area, and district scales. The results show that inherited segregation patterns are maintained, while at the same time, the growing middle-class sectors are included in the more consolidated working-class settlements. In addition, processes that reinforce segregation were identified, such as the modification of the role of central areas, urban land production for the upper-class areas, and homogeneity of disadvantages in new areas of urban expansion, which are linked, particularly in the city of Arequipa, to the occupation of risk areas. The study suggests that these processes shape a low-scale urban segregation or fragmentation pattern in both cities, which coexists with inherited patterns.
Virtual Care Integration: Balancing Physician Well-Being
Authors: LaPlante Gabriel , Babenko Oksana , Neufeld Adam
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives: According to self-determination theory (SDT), fulfillment of three basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—positively impacts people’s health and well-being. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, an accelerated adoption of virtual care practices coincided with a decline in the well-being of physicians. Taking into account the frequency of virtual care use, we examined the relationship between workplace need fulfillment and physician well-being.
Methods: Using online survey methodology, in March through June 2022, we collected data from 156 family physicians (FPs) in Alberta, Canada. The survey contained scales that measured workplace need satisfaction and frustration, subjective well-being (physical, psychological, and relational), and frequency of virtual care use. We performed correlational and regression analyses of the data.
Results: More frequent use of virtual care was associated with lower relatedness satisfaction among FPs. Controlling for the frequency of virtual care use, frustration of autonomy and competence needs negatively related to FPs’ physical well-being; frustration of competence and relatedness needs negatively related to their psychological and relational well-being.
Conclusions: Findings from this study align with SDT and underscore the importance of supporting FPs’ basic psychological needs, while we work to integrate virtual care into clinical practice. In their day-to-day work, we encourage physicians to reflect on their own sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and consider how using virtual care aligns with these basic needs.
Photobiomodulation and Physical Exercise modulate of cell survival proteins in the Skeletal Muscle of Rats with Heart Failure and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bahr Alan Christhian , Scherer Naira Bohrer , Gregório Elizama de , Kieling Lucas , Castro Alexandre Luz de , Araujo Alex Sander da Rosa , Türck Patrick , Lago Pedro Dal
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus
(DM2) are global health problems that often lead to muscle atrophy.
These conditions are associated with increased autophagy and apoptosis
in the muscle cells, resulting in decreased muscle mass.
Materials and methods: Male rats were assigned to one of four
groups: control (CT), HF+DM (disease model), exercise+HF+DM (EX+HF+DM),
and EX+HF+DM+photobiomodulation (EX+HF+DM+PBM). To induce DM2, we
administered streptozotocin (0.25 ml/kg, i.p.). HF was induced by
coronary ligation. One week post-induction, an eight-week aerobic
exercise and PBM protocol was initiated. Western blot analysis was used
to measure the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and autophagy.
Results: The EX+HF+DM+PBM group showed a substantial increase
in Nrf2, p-AKT, and LC3-I levels compared to the HF+DM group.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that physical exercise
combined with PBM can upregulate proteins that promote myocyte survival
in rats with HF and DM2.
Investigation on the effect of “Panatechnology” products on some aphids in orchards
Authors:   Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Andreev Radoslav , Vasilev Pavlin ,   Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Kinanov Angel ,   Panamin CО, Sofia, Bulgaria, Mircheva Anna ,   Panamin CО, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: June 2024

The products of the Panatechnology series are completely natural, obtained by finely grinding rock meal and adding other natural ingredients. They can be applied as complex foliar and soil fertilizers and as agents increasing the natural immunity of plants. The aim of the investigation was to determine the potential effect of these products on some aphids in apple and peach orchards. The study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 in conventional orchards of apples and peaches, in the experimental fields of the Agricultural University – Plovdiv. Several leaf treatments were carried out with products from the Panamin and Panatop series (Immuno Save; Panamin Suspension, etc.) as a comprehensive program to improve plant resistance and growth during the spring period. The experiments have shown that Panamin and Panatop immunostimulants can reduce the rate of attack of some aphids on apple and peach trees to some extent but cannot completely prevent the danger of these pests, especially in a year suitable for their development.
Study of green mold infection on pomegranate fruits in the western part of Azerbaijan
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection and Industrial Crops, Azerbaijan, Huseynova Lala
Published: June 2024

The article presents information on green mold (Penicillium expansum Lk. et Thom.) infection on pomegranate bushes in the western part of Azerbaijan. The activities which was carried out in the period 2021-2023 and were focused on the phytosanitary condition of pomegranate orchards with large industrial importance located in the Ganja-Kazakh geographical zone (western part of the country) showed that fungal diseases were widespread in the region, including green mold (Penicillium expansum Lk. et Thom.) infection. In some years, the green fruit mold (Penicillium expansum Lk. et Thom.) has reduced the productivity of pomegranate bushes by 50-100%. The local cultivars of pomegranate were the object of the study and the results showed that all varieties were highly susceptible to the pathogen. The article presents also results of laboratory experiments about effectiveness of some fungicides – 0.4% Selphate (37.5% copper oxychloride + 16% zineb), 0.05% Azoxifene (20% azoxystrobin + 12.5% difenoconazole), 0.05% Conazole (25% difenoconazole) and 0.3% P-oxide (50% copper oxychloride) against green mold infection. The assessment of biological effectiveness was based on reduction of growth of green mold (Penicillium expansum Lk. et Thom.) on the treated variants relative to the control. Among the tested fungicides, the product Selphate showed the highest biological effectiveness. Keywords: pomegranate, pathogen, Penicillium Link., protection, fungicides
Lower miocene stratigraphy of the Eastern Paratethys: Problems and state of the art
Authors: Golovina Larisa , Aleksandrova Galina , Popov Sergey , Bylinskaya Marina , Koiava Kakhaber , Pinchuk Tatyana
Published: June 2024

The Lower Miocene regional stages of the Eastern Paratethys, the Caucasian, Sakaraulian, and Kozakhurian, have been recognized in different structural facies zones of the basin and have no reliable universal stratigraphic basis for defining their boundaries and volume. Mollusks, benthic and planktonic foraminifers, calcareous nannoplankton, and dinocysts have been studied in a number of Lower Miocene sections in stratotype areas of the Central Ciscaucasia and Kartli Depression in Georgia. The fossil biota groups of the Caucasian, Sakaraulian, and Kozakhurian sediments are briefly characterized. The available new data on the phytoplankton of these regional stratigraphic units as well as the records of the benthos composition in the marginal facies of the Ciscaucasian Basin allow a comparison between the stratotype regions and show possibilities for a more detailed correlation among them.
Theoretical evaluation of pectin therapeutic potential in relation to degree of methylation
Authors: Martinov Nestorov , Janjic Goran , Petkovic Benazzouz
Published: June 2024

Pectin is the focus of scientific interest due to both its physicochemical
and biochemical properties, as well as its non-toxic nature. Methylation of
pectin is a natural process that exists as part of the cell wall defence
system against various pathogens. In this study, docking analysis was
conducted to predict if methylation and to what extent affects the
anticancer and antimicrobial properties of pectin. Four pectin derivatives
with varying degrees of methylation and two sets of biomolecules were used.
The first set included enzymes responsible for anticancer activity (HMGR,
the AGE Receptors, tumor protein p53, and Oncogenic Phosphatase SHP2), while
the second set included those for antimicrobial activity (Salmonella Typhi
TtsA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Earp, Streptococcus mutans MetE, and
Staphylococcus aureus Cas9). The results indicated that the degree of
methylation does not play a decisive role in the mentioned activities
because all bind to the same sites with similar binding energies.
Additionally, it was shown that pectin derivatives have a higher binding
affinity towards DNA than towards enzymes. Only the fully methylated
derivative exhibited different behaviour, binding to a different binding
site in the case of Streptococcus mutans MetE.
Sudden Death Associated with Propofol Infusion Syndrome
Authors: Morozov Y.E
Published: June 2024

In forensic practice, PRIS is considered as the comorbid disease. The project was devoted to the study of PRIS signs in 38 cases of sudden death after surgical interventions. Archival forensic material of “medical cases” for the period from 2011 to 2020 was studied. The clinical and laboratory features of PRIS are summarized. It was found that the most common symptoms were lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and progressive heart failure. Optimization of standard forensic chemical study was carried out, in which it was established that the hydrolysis stage must be included in the urine sample preparation procedure for the determination of propofol. When conducting forensic chemical study of biological objects for the content of propofol, the analytical technologies used must have the sensitivity for detecting propofol in the blood at the level of 0.01 μg/ml or lower. Solid-phase extraction method on cartridges with mixed hydrophobic-anion exchange properties with sorbent such as Oasis MAX Cartridge 3cc, /60 mg/60μm companies Waters (USA) is 17% more effective than the routine liquid-liquid extraction method of propofol from blood. The preparation of TMS derivatives of propofol, increases the efficiency of chromatographic separation and provides the possibility for the analytical study of extracts from blood over a longer period of time (up to 24 hours).
The role of inequalities in managing symptoms of menstruation: harnessing shopping data to innovate female reproductive health research
Authors: Taylor Poppy , Skatova Anya , Howe Laura , Fraser Abigail , Knight Hannah
Published: June 2024

Introduction & BackgroundMenstruation affects half the population, yet its patterns and management are greatly under-researched. A regular and functioning menstrual cycle is considered an important vital sign and menstrual-related issues can be strong indicators of both reproductive and wider health issues. This project explores a novel health data source - shopping data history - to study how individuals manage menstrual symptoms such as pain, intensity of flow, mental health, and other issues, and explore potential social inequalities in these management strategies.
Objectives & ApproachWe present a conceptual framework of studying management of menstruation symptoms using shopping data. The core objectives of this research are to enhance our understanding of menstrual management strategies and potential inequalities in these whilst evaluating the utility and acceptability of shopping data for future female reproductive health research. Our research will focus on harnessing loyalty card data from UK supermarkets and pharmaceutical retailers to provide insights into the management of menstrual symptoms at a national level. We will study retail data to identify products and patterns of purchasing which may be relevant to menstrual management and conduct surveys for linkage with shopping data. The public will be consulted to investigate attitudes towards shopping data for health research and inform interpretations of patterns in the data.
Relevance to Digital FootprintsThis project contributes to advancing of understanding of using digital data for health research on an important societal challenge. We investigate the practical applications for menstrual health and other female reproductive health issues, with scope to enact meaningful change.
Conclusions & ImplicationsBy analysing shopping behaviour, combined with survey data and area-level socioeconomic data, we aim to identify regions of the UK and individual characteristics which influence the risk of experiencing menstrual symptoms and ability to manage these within a high-income context. Our research will contribute to understanding of menstrual management strategies for women and people who menstruate, and associated inequalities.