bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“THIS IS WHY YOU READ FICTION AT ALL” MINDREADING IN ANURADHA ROY’S THE EARTHSPINNER
Authors:   Department of Humanities, UIT,RGPV, Bhopal, Dhondiyal Bhatnaagar Vineeta
Published: September 2023

This paper looks at Anuradha Roy’s The Earthspinner through the prism of the cognitive act of mind reading. The novel is presented to us through a mixture of modes of narration, including journal entries, letters and third person narration The author allows us the illusion of peeping into the minds of the central characters and also captures the dynamics of their attempting to read each other’s minds. The potential for misinterpretation and misunderstanding make this enterprise fraught with anxiety and excitement. Through our understanding of what the author chooses to tell and what she chooses to withhold, we also attempt to read the mind of the writer. In the ultimate analysis this novel nudges us to try to read into our own minds as well. This is what justifies its categorization as literary fiction.
SOCIAL CONCERNS IN MAHASHWETA DEVI’S MOTHER OF 1084
Authors:   Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Bhopal, Mahmood Seemen
Published: September 2023

Mahasweta Devi is known not only for her political writings but her tremendous contribution towards landless laborers in eastern India where she worked for years. Her close connection with these communities gave her a deep insight to understand and write about these grassroots-level issues, thus making her a socio-political commentator of the marginalized community. As an eminent Bengali writer and social activist, writing in the mid-1900s, she did not shy away from pointing out the injustices prevalent in society. This paper deals with her novel titled ‘Mother of 1084’ and depicts the helplessness of a mother who gets acquainted with her son’s ideal after his death. The trauma of the tragic death of her son haunts her throughout the novel and makes her an aggrieved mother. The novel honestly depicts the trauma and psychological disturbances of a mother who has lost her son. ‘Mother of 1084’ at one end openly criticized the brutality of the government and the police in counteracting the Naxalite movement, while on the other end highlighted the political consciousness of a mother. It portrays many aspects of Indian society as well as the political state of West Bengal in the seventies where youth were ruthlessly suppressed by the government. The present paper also explores how she belongs to a male-dominated society that considers women as an object of sex, neglected and subjugated beings, and how she revolts against the traditional established system and trembles the base of that rotten society.
NOSTALGIA AND ROMANCE: A STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS IN LOOK BACK IN ANGER
Authors: Rai Dastidar Monisha
Published: September 2023

Look Back in Anger is about the feelings of fury of the post-war penetration that felt betrayed, sold-out and irrevocably ruined; of the older generation that is like the “sturdy old plants left over from the Edwardian twilight who cannot understand why the sun isn’t shining anymore”; of women who seek identity in age-old practices and relationships like marriage only to find themselves gasping for “a little peace”; of people who cannot save their love from the “cruel steel traps” of society. The consciousness of “high noon” of the Victorian and Edwardian era looms painfully over the breeding ground of the post-war city of London and its emotionless existence. Nostalgia seems to be the only way to survive the emotional and social claustrophobia. The fate of each individual lies as if in looking back. This paper attempts to explore the different relationships that John Osborne offers in his play. This paper also seeks to know about the pitfalls of romance where neither looking back is pleasurable, nor does it hold anything to look ahead. Can a relationship sustain without a future but only a bitter past? Does the same thing happen to friendships and other filial relationships? Does love fall apart due to external forces or if the lovers do not know the way to hold on? Can love really be held on to? These are some of the questions that this paper seeks answers for.
MATRIX OF POWER POLITICS IN NOVELS OF ARAVIND ADIGA
Authors:   Department of HSS C.V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Khan Salman Khan , Pattnaik Pragayan Paramita ,   Department of HSS C.V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar
Published: September 2023

Aravind Adiga, a Man Booker Prize winner, aims at depicting a realistic picture of Indian society along with its root cause of evil. He attempts to bring the dark side of India over the ‘shining India’. He criticised the moral decadence and lack of basic principles among Indians. In The White Tiger and Last Man in Tower he portrays the power game in metropolis like; Delhi and Mumbai. This paper studies the socio-political realities of Indian society through the lens of power politics. Adiga makes an effort to showcase the experiences which underprivileged Indian people go through their entire lives. This paper also describes how Adiga depicts socio-cultural encounters in India; especially in power-politics, the Caste system, and master-servant society. It demonstrates the colossal fight between the common man and the dominating political issues such as the caste system, democracy and justice. The research depicts the miscarriage of justice, corruption and other alarming issues of contemporary Indian society. Adiga spotlights modern India by comparing India of darkness and India of light. Adiga’s work of fiction unveils the dark web of politics behind the frame of globalisation and development.
AFRO-INDIAN CROSS-CULTURAL IDENTITY IN HALF OF A YELLOW SUN
Authors:   Department of English, Sarojini Naidu Girls’ PG College, Bhopal, Tripathi Sharma Shreeja
Published: September 2023

Cross-cultural associations provide important insights which become the basis of common cultural ties and universal peace. The narrative of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun presents cross-cultural commonalities with Indian cultural ethos. The narrative reveals several cultural parallels between Indian and African traditions, culture and history. This research paper attempts to study the cross-cultural ties between Indian and African cultural heritage as revealed in the narrative of The Half of a Yellow Sun.
https://bssspublications.com/Home/Home
Authors: Gideon Dr. Naveen
Published: September 2023

Nothing can be said in a definite manner regarding when and how trade began in India. Just because the beginning of trade is associated with the development of civilization, we cannot expect the man of prehistoric or Paleolithic Age to have started trade, because in this period man was uncivilized. He lived in jungles and mountain caves. But gradually, a feeling of settlement grew in man and he started doing agriculture. With the development of civilization, man started depending other villages, cities and regions for the fulfillment of his needs. In this way, internal trade was born. Very clear information about trade is obtained from the Harappa Civilization which is the ancient civilization of India. During this period, man progressed in the field of trade to such an extent that foundation was laid not only for internal trade, but also for foreign trade. The need for the fulfillment of his needs and the ambition to acquire new things motivated man to progress in many fields which led to the development of new trade routes across sea and land.
A STUDY ON CHALLENGES IN ACCEPTABILITY OF ONLINE EXAMINATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Khan Mohd Javed , Khan Mohammed Zeeshan , Shrivastava Preeti
Published: September 2023

For online learning, the COVID-19 epidemic has created additional difficulties, such as the need for flexibility, self-control, and efficient time management. In this study college students' opinions on the acceptance, application, difficulties, and acceptability of online learning in higher education are investigated. Concerns from students have been expressed regarding the challenges of online learning and finishing assignments. Institutions of higher learning have put policies in place to assist students throughout the pandemic. Although online learning has the potential to enhance academic achievement, further research is necessary to determine how it affects student learning outcomes. The ability of users to adopt online learning depends on how well technology is used to encourage interaction and collaboration between students and instructors. This study looks at the difficulties that college students encounter when learning online, highlighting the value of student stability and resilience as well as studies on adoption obstacles, cloud computing, and technology
FINANCIAL LITERACY: A KEY DRIVER TO FINANCIAL INCLUSION
Authors:   IMSAR, M. D. University, Rohtak, Rani Pooja , Jain Neelam
Published: September 2023

Financial Inclusion and the level of financial literacy of their citizens has recently become a growing concern for developed and emerging economies. Since financial markets have grown more complex and it has become increasingly difficult for the common person to decide wisely, financial literacy has become more and more important. The purposes of this paper are to provide an outline of financial literacy and financial inclusion and to investigate the contribution that financial literacy makes to the advancement of financial inclusion. In order to achieve this goal, several measures taken by financial authorities to promote financial literacy are studied, which eventually increases financial inclusion in the nation. According to an RBI report, these actions assisted in raising the Financial Inclusion Index to 56.4 in March 2022 from 53.9 in March 2021.Financial inclusion, financial growth, and financial stability are all attributed to financial literacy.
STUDY OF IoT-ENABLED SMART RETAIL: EXAMINING CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE AND ADOPTION IN INDIA
Authors:   PSSCIVE Bhopal, Pandey Pooja
Published: September 2023

IoT-enabled smart retail refers to the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into the retail environment to enhance operational efficiency, improve customer experience, and drive business outcomes. It involves connecting various devices, sensors, and systems to collect and analyze data, enabling real-time insights and actions. This descriptive research article aims to explore the consumer acceptance and adoption of IoT-enabled smart retail in the Indian context. The study utilizes secondary data from various sources to analyze the current state of IoT adoption, consumer preferences, and factors influencing the acceptance of IoT-enabled solutions in the retail sector. The findings shed light on the opportunities and challenges associated with implementing IoT technology in Indian retail stores and provide insights for retailers seeking to enhance customer experiences and drive business outcomes. This article examines the level of consumer acceptance and adoption of IoT in the Indian retail sector, highlighting its impact on customer experiences, operational efficiency, and the overall retail ecosystem.
A STUDY ON WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS- THE CHANGE MAKERS
Authors:   RNTU, Bhopal (M.P.) India, Jacob Jiny
Published: September 2023

India of its total population has almost 48% of Women. Their contribution in economic growth is 38%. As per the World Bank report, there are 25% to 33% of Women entrepreneurs in the world. They play a vital role especially in developing countries to attain socially balanced economic growth. In India they, from all age groups and backgrounds are persistently breaking stereotypes and reshaping business. There has been constant rise in self-employment since its independence. Various facilities such as technology, network availability and communication all over the world pave way for them both online and offline digital world. Digital media helps in enhancing market strategies to get their creative ideas reach every nook and corner. This study shall throw light on what women entrepreneurship are, challenges they encounter, qualities essential for them to be successful, initiatives taken by government to help them break glass ceiling and suggest measures to promote them.
DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR- AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS EFFECT ON FARMERS AND INDIAN ECONOMY
Authors:   IEHE, Bhopal, Sharma Aayushi , Singhai Mahendra
Published: September 2023

With an increase in popularizationof internet of things and digitalization in every sector of economy, agricultural digitalization is attracting various stakeholders. Digitalization of agriculture or smart agriculture meansintegration of digital technology in farm production system which involvesuse of real time data capturing, robotics, weatheralert, big data and artificial intelligence, satellites etc. that gives farmer various opportunity to increase productivity by choosing better cropping patterns, agricultural marketing and finances, enhanced soil quality which will help Indian economy to meet up the goal of sustaining the growing population of India.It is much needful to take Indian agriculture to next level with modern food system of India and this can happen by making our farmers more aware about these technologies. Besides this the benefit of accessing digital platform for gaining opportunity and gain is unevenly distributed between farmers who have digital awareness and accessible and those who does not have any awareness regarding digitalization. To reduce this digital divide govt of India has launched many programmes to aware farmers about benefits ofdigitalization. This research paper we will highlight the benefit of digitalization of agriculture to farmers as well as to the economy of India and spread awareness among public about role and need of digitalization of agricultural sector.
A STUDY ON THE CREATION OF RESILIENT ENVIRONMENT OF EMERGING MARKETS (EMES), WITH REFERENCE TO CHALLENGES IN NEW WORLD ORDER
Authors:   BSSS-IAS, Bhopal, Bunker Bhumika , Ghosh Malay
Published: September 2023

World is going through massive transformation, Economic gravity has shifted from west to east, In the last two decades ,Countries which are regarded as less developed economics , has gone through massive structural changes, which were accelerated with major growth compared to world average.19th Century belongs to Europe, 20thCentury belongs to America and 21st Century belongs to Asia .to be very precise its south Asia. Globalization has gone through different phases-Revival of Ancient and medieval history for the economies of eastern hemisphere countries. Colonization and decolonization of western power, Fight of national sovereignty and Global interest, are some of the major challenge world is facing now. How emerging markets are transforming global economy and become the potential growth drivers of the world economy, redefining the true meaning of globalization
THE ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN THE INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT OF INTERPRISES: in THE EXAMPLE OF SWEDEN
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Azimova Dilafruz
Published: September 2023

Effective corporate governance is an important condition for the successful operation of an enterprise. Defining sustainable development and protecting the rights of shareholders, customers, and other stakeholders serves as the most important direction of the enterprise’s activities in the field of improving its financial efficiency. The family model of corporate governance, or family capitalism and family business groups, has become widespread in almost all countries of the world. Such a corporate governance system is often found in Asian and Latin American countries, in Canada, and in European countries (Sweden, Italy, and France). The management of the largest corporations is carried out by members of the same family. This article examines the features of the corporate governance system in foreign practice, in particular in Sweden, where theoretically and practically analyzed such issues as the evolution of theories and basic principles of corporate governance, the role of corporate governance in the investment support of enterprises, its modern methods and models, and institutional issues. In addition, corporate governance bodies in Sweden and their interaction with the executive body, the tasks and functions of regulatory bodies, corporate culture, assessment of the transparency of investments in enterprises, and the effectiveness of corporate governance, as well as the main stages of the process of preventing and combating the risk of corporate fraud, are analyzed.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEDIATION IN SOME FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND UZBEKISTAN: POTENSIAL QUESTIONS AND PROPOSALS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Xayrulina Asal
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the institute of mediation as an alternative dispute resolution and a tool for improving legal culture. Mediation, which defines the mechanism of pre-trial dispute settlement, that is, reconciliation of the parties to a dispute with the participation of a mediator, has long been used in the practice of developed foreign countries and has proven to be one of their effective ways of alternative dispute resolution. In this regard, a comparative analysis of the application of this procedure in the practice of foreign countries, such as Singapore, Germany, Belarus, Georgia, and Uzbekistan, as well as their experience in this area and the advantages and disadvantages of mediation is given. The current legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan on mediation, its application and effectiveness, and the current state of the mediation institute have been studied. The problems and ways to solve them related to improving the application of mediation procedures are indicated. For example, the absence of enforcement of a mediation agreement between the parties, proposals are given for the introduction of intra-judicial mediation, which can be carried out by the court with the participation of a mediator judge on a professional basis, as well as when a mediation agreement is reached between the parties during notarial mediation and the right to perform executive inscriptions by a notary for the possibility of its further enforcement.
MODERN TENDENCIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RULE-MAKING IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Sodikov Akmal
Published: September 2023

This article analyzes the issues of improving the national rule-making process in the direction of information provision. The purpose of the research is to develop relevant proposals, recommendations, and conclusions on improving the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and legal practice. The subject matter of the research is normative legal acts related to rule-making in the Republic of Uzbekistan, legal practice, as well as scientific-theoretical conceptual approaches and legal categories. Methods such as historical, systematic-structural, logical, induction, deduction, comparative-legal, and comprehensive research of scientific sources have been used in the research. As a result of this research, promising directions for providing the national rule-making process with information have been developed, and trends in the development of national rule-making have been proposed. In addition, opinions such as organizing distance trainings for the responsible legal personnel for improving the quality of rule-making, revising the qualification criteria for hiring legal personnel, establishing liability measures for not responding to requests for information in time, or negligence on such issues are presented. Additionally, the results of the research can be used to conduct scientific research, interpret the relevant rules of normative legal acts, improve national legislation, teach educational modules such as Theory of state and law, Rule-making, and Legal writing, and further enrich these modules from a scientific and theoretical point of view.
MOBILIZAÇÃO PRECOCE EM PACIENTE ADULTOS NA UTI: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Marques Alex Sampaio , Castro Stefiny Martins de , Oliveira Luciane da Silva de , Lima Ronaldo Nunes
Published: September 2023

Introdução: A permanência prolongada na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) pode estar relacionada a fraqueza, imobilidade e insuficiência respiratória. A fisioterapia tem desempenhado um importante papel nos dias atuais no que diz respeito a pacientes que estão restritos ao leito dentro de uma UTI visando proporcionar melhora do condicionamento fisiológico geral do paciente, melhor qualidade de vida e, em seguida, a alta hospitalar.  Objetivo: Analisar a prática de mobilização precoce por meio da literatura e sua funcionalidade na alta com o tempo de internação na UTI a fim de evitar complicações respiratórias ou motoras a esses pacientes. Materiais e Métodos: O estudo consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica de estudos de casos, ensaios clínicos, randomizados ou não, estudos retrospectivos e revisões publicados entre os anos de 2017 a 2022  Resultado:  Foram obtidos para análise 28 publicações, dos quais 12  foram excluídos por não estarem de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Com relação ao conhecimento dos profissionais sobre mobilização precoce na UTI, houve concordância entre os 16 artigos analisados, relatando que a maioria dos profissionais conhece os seus benefícios e suas intervenções. Conclusão: A internação em UTI afeta negativamente a funcionalidade, principalmente na alta imediata e prova-se por variados estudos que a mobilização precoce é eficaz no tratamento na unidade de terapia intensiva, visto que sua utilização proporciona a diminuição do tempo de internação do paciente, pois reduz a imobilidade no leito, promovendo o ganho de força muscular e melhorando o desempenho funcional do paciente de uma maneira ampla.
AVALIAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS DA ONDA P NO ELETROCARDIOGRAMA COMO MARCADOR DE RISCO DE FIBRILAÇÃO ATRIAL
Authors: Costa José Henrique Cardoso Ferreira da , Silva Maria Carolina Leal , Coutinho Daniel Barros , Silva Johnnes Henrique Vieira , Carrijo Filho Murilo Pimentel Leite , Vasconcelos Daniel Felipe Morais
Published: September 2023

Objetivos: A fibrilação atrial (FA) é responsável por uma parcela considerável de cardioembolismo que responde por 17% a 30% das etiologias de todos os acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC). Esse artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão investigando a acurácia dos parâmetros da onda P em predizer o risco do paciente sem fibrilação atrial desenvolver essa arritmia. Métodos: Realizamos uma pesquisa sistemática no BMJB, no PubMed/MEDLINE e no LILACS. Oito estudos de coorte preencheram os critérios de inclusão, no qual avaliaram o papel dos parâmetros da onda P em predizer o risco do paciente sem fibrilação atrial desenvolver essa arritmia. Resultados: Os estudos mostraram que eixo da onda P anormal, força terminal em v1, dispersão da onda P,  duração da onda P e intervalo PR foram parâmetros do ECG que mostram correlação estatística para predizer o risco do desenvolvimento de FA na maioria dos estudos. Conclusão: A avaliação dos parâmetros eletrocardiográficos: eixo da onda P anormal, força terminal em v1, dispersão da onda P, duração da onda P e intervalo PR pode servir como uma ferramenta de pré-seleção para identificação de pacientes em risco de desenvolver FA no futuro. Além disso, é necessário a realização de estudos mais robustos para consolidar essa associação na aplicação prática médica.
COMMEDIA DELL’ARTE E ATUAÇÃO FEMININA: ORIGENS, CULTURALIDADES E PROBLEMÁTICAS
Authors: Moraes Isabella Tavares Sozza
Published: September 2023

A Commedia Dell’Arte é um gênero teatral-cômico que nasce na Itália por volta do século XVI pelo uso irrestrito de máscaras e improvisações, as personagens possuem máscaras, dialetos e figurinos. A relação feminina é tratada por problemáticas em gênese do âmbito de travestimento masculino em cena. Este cenário muda após o seu início, tornando-se conhecido pela evasão de padrões (BARNI; SCALA, 2003). O objetivo geral deste artigo é apresentar concepções a respeito da Commedia Dell’arte e atuação feminina. Tendo como metodologia qualitativa, natureza descritiva e composta pelo método bibliográfico pelo uso de materiais escritos e suas descrições (GIL, 2010). Sustenta-se, em âmbito teórico, por Barni & Scala (2003); Fo (1999); Connors (1998); Freud (1977); D’amico (1954), em tematização de gênero, humor, problemáticas históricas e descritores. Questiona-se: qual a importância da Commedia Dell’arte para a inclusão feminina em cena? Concebe-se a hipótese de que as influências patriarcais enraizaram o ocultamento feminino.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF CYTOKINE MIF IN COMBINATION WITH PARAMETERS OF COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT FOR EVALUATION OF STEROID RESISTANCE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A. G. Kadushkin , A. D. Tahanovich ,   Belarusian State Medical University, E. I. Davidovskaya ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, G. K. Novskaya ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, L. V. Aleshkevich ,   Minsk Regional Clinical Hospital for the Disabled of the Great Patriotic War named after P.M. Masherova
Published: September 2023

Based on the results of previous work, we have proposed two mathematical models to predict the low effectiveness of glucocorticoids in patients hospitalized for treatment of exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to compare their characteristics. In total, 28 COPD patients who were admitted to hospital due to exacerbations were included in this study. Determination of the regression equation, including neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and eosinophil count in the blood of examination group of patients showed high diagnostic efficiency (78.6%), sensitivity (81.8%) and specificity (76.5%) of the mathematical model. Another model, which includes blood eosinophil count, PLR and MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) level, had diagnostic efficiency of 85.7%, sensitivity of 81.8%, and specificity of 88.2%. The first model, which includes only parameters of complete blood count, can be calculated after the initial examination by the attending physician. The second model, which requires the determination of blood plasma MIF level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and, accordingly, more time, but has higher efficiency and specificity, should be used after a second examination by the attending physician.
HEPATOTOXICITY OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN PATIENTS WITH GOUT
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, E. A. Mikhnevich , T. G. Rayeuvneva ,   Belarusian State Medical University, E. V. Leonchik ,   Belarusian State Medical University, T. G. Golovko ,   City clinical hospital № 11, T. P. Pavlovich ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: September 2023

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the second most common group of drugs leading to the development of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Objective: to determine the clinical features of DILI in patients with gout when using NSAIDs. Material and methods. The study is monocentric, observational, retrospective. Performed in the period from 2012-01-01 to 2020-12-31 in the Rheumatology Department of the 11th City Clinical Hospital. The study included 527 patients with gouty arthritis (GA). The type of DILI was determined in accordance with the recommendations of EASL, 2019. An updated scale RUCAM (Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method) was used to assess causal relationships. Results. DILI was detected in 91 patients (14.3%), in 80 – hepatocellular, in 11 - mixed type of DILI. The 1st category of DILI severity was stated in 88, the 2nd category – in 3 patients. We observed DILI more often in younger patients without severe comorbidity, but with an alcoholic surplus preceding a GA attack and, after, during attack an excess of the average therapeutic doses of NSAIDs was registered. Conclusions. Thus, we did not observe a severe course of DILI in patients taking NSAIDs for the relief of GA. However, NSAID hepatotoxicity in this category of patients is a social and medical problem.
MODERN TRENDS IN THE TREATMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE DEFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE UPPER JAW
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, T. L. Shevela , G. V. Petrazhytskaya ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: September 2023

According to epidemiological evidence, the prevalence of oncological diseases of the maxillofacial region continues to increase all over the world despite the active development of medical technologies and preventive measures. Postoperative defects of the maxillofacial region in patients with malignant neoplasms of the upper jaw are a serious pathology, since they lead to functional and cosmetic disorders, which significantly worsens the quality of life of patients and creates big problems in their social adaptation and rehabilitation. Increasing the effectiveness of prosthodontic treatment of this category of patients, which is associated with the elimination of extensive postoperative defects by dentures, remains one of the most urgent problems of modern dentistry. The aim of the study was to analyze current trends in the treatment of maxillary defects after surgery of malignant neoplasms. The results of study show that still there aren’t general methods of prosthetics, there isn’t consensus on the timing of prosthetics and the structure of the prostheses that replaces the maxillary defect.
ACTIVITIES OF THE BELARUSIAN MEDICAL INSTITUTE IN YAROSLAVL DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1943-1944)
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Medical University, N. T. Eregina
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the activities of the Belarusian Medical Institute in evacuation in 1943-1944. During the Great Patriotic War, the medical institutes of Belarus temporarily suspended their work. Their activities resumed in Yaroslavl, where in 1943 the Belarusian Medical Institute was opened, uniting the Minsk and Vitebsk institutes. In 1944, the only graduation of doctors was carried out. After the liberation of Belarus from the fascist invaders, the Belarusian Medical Institute was reevacuated to its republic. In Yaroslavl, on its basis, the Yaroslavl Medical Institute was opened, where many teachers and students continued to work and study. The article, based on archival documents, analyzes this period of activity of Belarusian scientists in the training of medical personnel of higher education.
ASPIRATION METHOD OF ROOT CANAL SANITATION
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, K. V. . Lepeshava , G. G. Chistyakova ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: September 2023

To achieve high efficiency of endodontic treatment, it is necessary to ensure high-quality cleaning of the root canal. Using only mechanical processing, it is impossible to completely clean the entire root system. For drug treatment of root canals, a wide range of antiseptic agents is used, the most popular of which is a remedy based on sodium hypochlorite solution. For maximum therapeutic effect, the irrigation solution must be in direct contact with the entire surface of the root canal dentin, penetrating into all its branches. Therefore, the creation of an adequate taper, the choice of the optimal method of supplying the agent based on sodium hypochlorite solution affects the quality of drug treatment of the root canal and subsequent obturation. Target. To evaluate the penetration efficiency of the agent based on 3% sodium hypochlorite solution into the macrocanal of the tooth and its branches, depending on the choice of the method of mechanical and medical treatment of root canals in vitro. Materials and research methods. The data obtained as a result of a survey of practicing dentists were statistically processed in Microsoft Excel 6. In the course of the work, root canals were treated with manual and machine tools, followed by washing with a drug based on sodium hypochlorite solution using various methods Results. The highest degree of diffusion of the agent based on sodium hypochlorite solution was established in root canals treated with machine tools using the aspiration method of sanitation. Manual preparation of root canals showed the lowest degree of penetration of the irrigant into the root canal compared to machine processing. Regardless of the method of root canal preparation, it was found that the best degree of penetration of the agent based on sodium hypochlorite solution was observed with the aspiration method of debridement than with the traditional method of antiseptic treatment using an endodontic needle.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COVID-19 COMPLEX THERAPY WITH TOCILIZUMAB
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, O. P. Selitskaya , M. L. Docenko ,   Belarusian State Medical University, S. S. Gratchev ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: September 2023

Cytokine release syndrome with increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with multiple organ damage and death in severe coronavirus disease. Trials to investigate the efficacy of IL-6 inhibitors, namely Tocilizumab, are ongoing with promising but conflicting results. Objective. to identify the effectiveness of complex therapy for COVID-19 with the appointment of the drug Tocilizumab. Material and methods. In order to identify the effectiveness and criteria for prescribing targeted therapy using Tocilizumab, a statistical analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters was performed in patients with severe and moderate COVID-19, in the group of patients treated with the drug (n=174) and the group of patients receiving standard therapy (without Tocilizumab therapy) (n=70). The comparison groups were similar in terms of gender and age characteristics. The effectiveness of targeted therapy with the use of tocilizumab was assessed in terms of general and biochemical blood tests, levels of procalcitonin, IL-6 and presepsin, and outcomes among patients. Results. The average values of the analyzed values (concentration of leukocytes, neutrophils p / n, AST, CPK-MB, LDH, creatinine, urea, IL-6, P-SEP before therapy were variably higher or lower than normal in patients of both analyzed groups and had statistically significant differences when compared between groups (p<0.05). The concentrations of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, lymphocytes, ALT, albumin, CPK, total protein, CRP, ferritin and PCT did not have statistically significant differences between the groups before the appointment of therapy. All analyzed parameters showed a variable change in the end point of control, depending on the improvement of the patient's condition or death. At the same time, the stabilization of leukocytes, neutrophils p/I, ALT, AST, CPK-MB, creatinine, CPK, ferritin, PCT, IL-6 and P-SEP in the tocilizumab therapy group was noted compared with the baseline and indicators of the comparison group. The expected survival rate for therapy with tocilizumab was 2.5 times higher than for therapy without Tocilizumab. Conclusion. After the use of Tocilizumab in patients of group 1, the level of CRP concentration significantly decreased (by 46.7 mg/l – 63%), ferritin (by 366.9 µg/l – 84%), PCT (by 0.122 ng/ml – 76%), IL-6 (by 51.2 pg/ml – 93%), P-SEP (by 225 pg/ml – 67%), (by 4.1 U/l – 9%), AST (by 34.5 U/l – 56%), CPK (by 121 U/l – 57%).
Evaluation of the first year of Pandora NO2 measurements over Beijing and application to satellite validation
Authors: Liu Ouyang , Li Zhengqiang , Lin Yangyan , Fan Cheng , Zhang Ying , Li Kaitao , Zhang Peng , Wei Yuanyuan , Chen Tianzeng , Dong Jiantao , de Leeuw Gerrit
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a highly photochemically reactive gas, has a lifetime of only a few hours, and at high concentrations it is harmful to human beings. Therefore, it is important to monitor NO2 with high-precision, time-resolved instruments. To this end, a Pandora spectrometer has been installed on the roof of the laboratory building of the Aerospace Information Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the Olympic Park, Beijing, China. The concentrations of trace gases (including NO2, HCHO, O3) measured with Pandora are made available through the open-access Pandora data base (https://data.pandonia-global-network.org/Beijing-RADI/Pandora171s1/). In this paper, an overview is presented of the Pandora NO2 data collected during the first year of operation, i.e., from August, 2021, to July, 2022. The data show that NO2 concentrations were high in the winter and low in the summer, with diurnal cycle where the concentrations reach a minimum during day time. The concentrations were significantly lower during the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, showing the effectiveness of the emission control measures during that period. The Pandora observations show that during northerly winds clean air is transported to Beijing with low NO2 concentrations, whereas during southerly winds pollution from surrounding areas is transported to Beijing and NO2 concentrations are high. The contribution of tropospheric NO2 to the total NO2 VCD varies significantly on daily to seasonal time scales, i.e., close to 50 % in autumn and winter, and close to 70 % in spring and autumn. The comparison of Pandora-measured surface concentrations with collocated in situ measurements using a Thermo Scientific 42i-TL Analyzer shows that the Pandora data are low and that the relationship between Pandora-derived surface concentrations and in situ measurements are different for low and high NO2 concentrations. Explanations for these differences are offered in terms of measurement techniques and physical (transport) phenomena. The use of Pandora total and tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) for validation of collocated TROPOMI data, resampled to 100×100 m2, shows that although on average the TROPOMI VCDs are slightly lower, they are well within the expected error for TROPOMI of 0.5 Pmolec ⋅ cm−2 + 0.2 to 0.5 ⋅ VCDtrop The location of the Pandora instrument within a sub-orbital TROPOMI pixel of 3.5×5.5 km2 may result in an error in the TROPOMI-derived tropospheric NO2 VCD between 0.223 and 0.282 Pmolec.cm-2, i.e., between 1.7 % and 2 %. In addition, the data also show that the Pandora observations at the Beijing-RADI site are representative for an area with a radius of 10 km.
Integration of tree hydraulic processes and functional impairment to capture the drought resilience of a semi-arid pine forest
Authors: Nadal-Sala Daniel , Grote Rüdiger , Kraus David , Hochberg Uri , Klein Tamir , Wagner Yael , Tatarinov Fedor , Yakir Dan , Ruehr Nadine Katrin
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Drought stress is imposing multiple feedback responses in plants. These responses span from stomata closure and enzymatic downregulation of photosynthetic activity to structural adjustments in leaf area. Some of these processes are not easily reversible and may persist long after the stress ended. Unfortunately, simulation models widely lack an integrative mechanistic description on how this sequence of tree physiological to structural responses occur. Here, we suggest an integrative approach to simulate drought stress responses. Firstly, a decreasing plant water potential triggers stomatal closure alongside a downregulation of photosynthetic performance. This is followed by a disconnection of roots and soil and the reliance on internal stem water storage or water uptake from deep soil layers. Consistently, loss in hydraulic functioning is reflected in sapwood loss of functionality and foliage senescence. This new model functionality has been used to investigate responses of tree hydraulics, carbon uptake and transpiration to soil- and atmospheric drought in an extremely dry Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis L.) plantation. Using the hypothesis of a sequential triggering of stress-mitigating responses, the model was able to reflect the carbon uptake and transpiration patterns under varying soil water supply and atmospheric demand – especially during summer – and responded realistically regarding medium-term responses such as leaf and sapwood senescence. In agreement with the high drought resistance observed at the site our model indicated little loss of hydraulic functioning in Aleppo pine, despite the intensive seasonal summer drought.
Can corporate supply chain sustainability standards contribute to soil protection?
Authors: Frouz Jan , Cemus Vojtech , Frouzova Jaroslava , Peterkova Alena , Kotecky Vojtech
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Companies increasingly view soil degradation in their supply chains as a commercial risk. They have applied sustainability standards to manage environmental risks stemming from suppliers’ farming operations. To examine the application of supply chain sustainability standards in soil protection, we combined global data on existing sustainability standards and their use in the food retail industry, a key sector in agrifood supply chains, with a case study in a medium-sized European country, to explore companies' options and views. Soil quality is a priority objective in retail sector sustainability efforts: 41 % of the investigated companies apply some soil-relevant standard. But the standards lack specific and comprehensive criteria. Compliance typically requires that farmers are aware of soil damage risks and implement some mitigation measures; however, no measurable thresholds are usually assigned. This stands in contrast to some other provisions in a number of standards, such as deforestation criteria. There are two probable causes of this difference: Companies and certification bodies have prioritised other environmental challenges (e.g., pesticide use, biodiversity loss in tropical biomes) over soil degradation. Also, there are practical constraints to the useful standardisation of soil sustainability. Effective soil sustainability provisions will require measurable, controllable, and scalable multidimensional interventions and compliance metrics. Often, these are not yet available. The development of necessary practical tools is a priority for future research. In a case study, we developed a set of standards applicable in temperate European farming practice and adapted to the needs of food retailers. Based on discussion with the industry, farmers, and soil experts, the standard is based on specific commodities rather than production units and compliance with specific agronomic practices as opposed to direct measurements of soil quality.
Correction of stratospheric age-of-air derived from SF6 for the effect of chemical sinks
Authors: Garny Hella , Eichinger Roland , Laube Johannes C. , Ray Eric A. , Stiller Gabriele P. , Bönisch Harald , Saunders Laura
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Observational monitoring of the stratospheric transport circulation, the Brewer-Dobson-Circulation (BDC), is crucial to estimate any decadal to long-term changes therein, a prerequisite to interpret trends in stratospheric composition and to constrain the consequential impacts on climate. The transport time along the BDC (i.e., the mean age of stratospheric air, AoA) can best be deduced from trace gas measurements of tracers which increase linearly in time and are chemically passive. The gas SF6 is often used to deduce AoA, because it has been increasing monotonically since the ~1950s, and previously its chemical sinks in the mesosphere have been assumed to be negligible for AoA estimates. However, recent studies have shown that the chemical sinks of SF6 are stronger than assumed, and become increasingly relevant with rising SF6 concentrations. To adjust biases in AoA that result from the chemical SF6 sinks, we here propose a simple correction scheme for SF6-based AoA estimates accounting for the time-dependent effects of chemical sinks. The correction scheme is based on theoretical considerations with idealized assumptions, resulting in a relation between ideal AoA and apparent AoA which is a function of the tropospheric reference time-series of SF6 and of the AoA-dependent effective lifetime of SF6. The correction method is thoroughly tested within a self-consistent data set from a climate model that includes explicit calculation of chemical SF6 sinks. It is shown within the model that the correction successfully reduces biases in SF6-based AoA to less than 5 % for mean ages below 5 years. Tests with using only sub-sampled data for deriving the fit coefficients show that applying the correction scheme even with imperfect knowledge of the sink is far superior to not applying a sink correction. Further, we show that based on currently available measurements, we are not able to constrain the fit parameters of the correction scheme based on observational data alone. However, the model-based correction curve lies within the observational uncertainty, and we thus recommend to use the model-derived fit coefficients until more high-quality measurements will be able to further constrain the correction scheme. The application of the correction scheme to AoA from satellites and in-situ data suggests that it is highly beneficial to reconcile different observational estimates of mean AoA.
Brief communication: A first hydrological investigation of extreme August 2023 floods in Slovenia, Europe
Authors: Bezak Nejc , Panagos Panos , Liakos Leonidas , Mikoš Matjaž
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Extreme floods occurred from 4th to 6th of August 2023 in Slovenia claiming 3 casualties and causing economic damage of a few billions EUR. The weather situation not typical for summer period in combination with high temperatures of the Mediterranean Sea and high antecedent soil moisture lead to the most extreme flood event in the last several decades. The return period of precipitation extremes and peak discharges exceeded 250–500 years return period, and runoff coefficient of typical torrential and mostly forested meso-scale catchments was around 0.5. Additionally, intense soil erosion, mass movements and sediment transport processes caused large damages on housing and infrastructure.
An atlas of seabed biodiversity for Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Stephenson Fabrice , Brough Tom , Lohrer Drew , Leduc Daniel , Geange Shane , Anderson Owen , Bowden David , Clark Malcolm R. , Davey Niki , Pardo Enrique , Gordon Dennis P. , Finucci Brittany , Kelly Michelle , Macpherson Diana , McCartain Lisa , Mills Sadie , Neill Kate , Nelson Wendy , Peart Rachael , Pinkerton Matthew H. , Read Geoffrey B. , Robertson Jodie , Rowden Ashley , Schnabel Kareen , Stewart Andrew , Struthers Carl , Tait Leigh , Tracey Di , Weston Shaun , Lundquist Carolyn
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The waters of Aotearoa New Zealand span over 4.2 million km2 of the
South Pacific Ocean and harbour a rich diversity of seafloor-associated
taxa. Due to the immensity and remoteness of the area, there are significant
gaps in the availability of data that can be used to quantify and map the distribution of
seafloor and demersal biodiversity, limiting effective management. In this
study, we describe the development and accessibility of an online atlas of
seabed biodiversity that aims to fill these gaps. Species distribution
models were developed for 579 taxa across four taxonomic groups: demersal
fish, reef fish, subtidal invertebrates and macroalgae. Spatial layers for
taxa distribution based on habitat suitability were statistically validated
and then, as a further check, evaluated by taxonomic experts to provide
measures of confidence to guide the future use of these layers. Spatially
explicit uncertainty (SD) layers were also developed for each taxon
distribution. We generated layer-specific metadata, including statistical
and expert evaluation scores, which were uploaded alongside the accompanying
spatial layers to the open access database Zenodo. This database provides
the most comprehensive source of information on the distribution of seafloor
taxa for Aotearoa New Zealand and is thus a valuable resource for
managers, researchers and the public that will guide the management and
conservation of seafloor communities. The atlas of seabed biodiversity for Aotearoa New Zealand is freely accessible via the open-access database Zenodo under
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7083642 (Stephenson et
al., 2022).