bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Luteolin Supplementation Prevents Selenite‐Induced Cataractogenesis in Sprague Dawley Rat Pups
Authors: Sreelakshmi Vasudevanpillai , Sasikala Vilasini , Abraham Annie
Published: December 2015

Luteolin, a flavonoid present in leaves and stems of many plants finds mention in literature for beneficial effects on eyes. Presently, no reports are available on the in vivo anticataractogenic effect of luteolin. The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of luteolin on selenite‐induced cataract models in vivo. The study consisted of three groups of Sprague Dawley rat pups 8–10 d old (Group I (Normal), Group II (Cataract induced), and Group III (Treatment)). Cataract was induced in Group II and Group III by a subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite (4 μg/g body weight) on the 10th day. Luteolin was administered orally from 8th day up to 12th day at a concentration of 1 μg/g body weight in Group III. After 30 d, lenses of treated animals showed normal morphology. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased and levels of reactive oxygen species were decreased in the luteolin‐treated group when compared to the cataract‐induced group. Increased Ca2+ATPase activity and lowered calcium level, caspase 3 activity and down‐regulation of caspase 3 expression were seen in the treatment group when compared to the selenite group. Luteolin enhances the antioxidant potential and thereby lowers the oxidative damages to the lens. It also stabilizes the membrane integrity of the lens and maintains the ionic balance.
Stress response factors as hub‐regulators of microRNA biogenesis: implication to the diseased heart
Authors: Gurianova Veronika , Stroy Dmytro , Ciccocioppo Rachele , Gasparova Iveta , Petrovic Daniel , Soucek Miroslav , Dosenko Victor , Kruzliak Peter
Published: December 2015

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of heart function and then an intriguing therapeutic target for plenty of diseases. The problem raised is that many data in this area are contradictory, thus limiting the use of miRNA‐based therapy. The goal of this review is to describe the hub‐mechanisms regulating the biogenesis and function of miRNAs, which could help in clarifying some contradictions in the miRNA world. With this scope, we analyse an array of factors, including several known agents of stress response, mediators of epigenetic changes, regulators of alternative splicing, RNA editing, protein synthesis and folding and proteolytic systems. All these factors are important in cardiovascular function and most of them regulate miRNA biogenesis, but their influence on miRNAs was shown for non‐cardiac cells or some specific cardiac pathologies. Finally, we consider that studying the stress response factors, which are upstream regulators of miRNA biogenesis, in the diseased heart could help in (1) explaining some contradictions concerning miRNAs in heart pathology, (2) making the role of miRNAs in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease more clear, and therefore, (3) getting powerful targets for its molecular therapy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutagenesis of Key Residues in the Binding Center of l‐Aspartate‐β‐Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli Enhances Utilization of the Cofactor NAD(H)
Authors: Xu Xiaoshu , Chen Jun , Wang Qingzhuo , Duan Chunlan , Li Yan , Wang Renxiao , Yang Sheng
Published: December 2015

l‐Aspartate‐β‐semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) is a key enzyme in the aspartate pathway. In bacteria, ASADH is highly specific for the cofactor NADP+ rather than NAD+. Limited information on cofactor utilization is available, and neither the wild‐type protein nor the available mutants could utilize NAD+ efficiently. In this study, we identified several residues crucial for cofactor utilization by Escherichia coli ASADH (ecASADH) by mutating residues within the cofactor binding center. Among the investigated mutants, ecASADH‐Q350N and ecASADH‐Q350N/H171A, which exhibited markedly improved NAD+ utilization, were further investigated by various biochemical approaches and molecular modeling. Relative to the wild type, the two mutants showed approximately 44‐fold and 66‐fold increases, respectively, in the constant kcat/Km of NAD+. As desired, they could also utilize NADH efficiently to synthesize l‐homoserine in cascade reactions in vitro.
Electronically Strongly Coupled Divinylheterocyclic‐Bridged Diruthenium Complexes
Authors: Pfaff Ulrike , Hildebrandt Alexander , Korb Marcus , Oßwald Steffen , Linseis Michael , Schreiter Katja , Spange Stefan , Winter Rainer F. , Lang Heinrich
Published: December 2015

Complexes [{Ru(CO)Cl(PiPr3)2}2(μ‐2,5‐(CHCH)2‐cC4H2E] (E=NR; R=C6H4‐4‐NMe2 (10 a), C6H4‐4‐OMe (10 b), C6H4‐4‐Me (10 c), C6H5 (10 d), C6H4‐4‐CO2Et (10 e), C6H4‐4‐NO2 (10 f), C6H3‐3,5‐(CF3)2 (10 g), CH3 (11); E=O (12), S (13)) are discussed. The solid state structures of four alkynes and two complexes are reported. (Spectro)electrochemical studies show a moderate influence of the nature of the heteroatom and the electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing substituents R in 10 a–g on the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties. The CVs display two consecutive one‐electron redox events with ΔE°′=350–495 mV. A linear relationship between ΔE°′ and the σp Hammett constant for 10 a–f was found. IR, UV/Vis/NIR and EPR studies for 10+–13+ confirm full charge delocalization over the {Ru}CHCH‐heterocycle‐CHCH{Ru} backbone, classifying them as Class III systems according to the Robin and Day classification. DFT‐optimized structures of the neutral complexes agree well with the experimental ones and provide insight into the structural consequences of stepwise oxidations.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Steenkrotin A and Determination of Its Absolute Configuration
Authors: Pan Saiyong , Gao Beiling , Hu Jialei , Xuan Jun , Xie Hujun , Ding Hanfeng
Published: December 2015

The first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)‐steenkrotin A has been achieved in 18 steps and 4.2 % overall yield. The key features of the strategy entail a Rh‐catalyzed O−H bond insertion followed by an intramolecular carbonyl‐ene reaction, two sequential SmI2‐mediated Ueno–Stork and ketyl–olefin cyclizations, and a cascade intramolecular aldol condensation/vinylogous retro‐aldol/aldol process with inversion of the relative configuration at the C7 position. The absolute configuration of (+)‐steenkrotin A was determined based on the stepwise construction of the stereocenters during the total synthesis.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the Proposed C79–C104 Fragment of Symbiodinolide
Authors: Takamura Hiroyoshi , Fujiwara Takayuki , Kawakubo Yohei , Kadota Isao , Uemura Daisuke
Published: December 2015

Stereoselective and streamlined synthesis of the proposed C79–C104 fragment 2 of symbiodinolide (1), a polyol marine natural product with a molecular weight of 2860, was achieved. In the synthetic route, the proposed C79–C104 fragment 2 was synthesized by utilizing a Julia–Kocienski olefination and subsequent Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation as key transformations in a convergent manner. Detailed comparison of the 13C NMR chemical shifts between the natural product and the synthetic C79–C104 fragment 2 revealed that the stereostructure at the C91–C99 carbon chain moiety of symbiodinolide (1) should be reinvestigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of N‐Type Half‐Heusler Compound VCoSb with Valence Electron Count of 19.
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Yumei , Huang Lihong , Chen Shuo , Dahal Heshab , Wang Dezhi , Ren Zhifeng
Published: December 2015

VCoSb is prepared by arc melting of stoichiometric amounts of the elements to form ingots which then are ball milled to produce a nanostructured powder and finally hot pressed to form the bulk material.
ChemInform Abstract: Y‐Doped Li8ZrO6: A Li‐Ion Battery Cathode Material with High Capacity.
Authors: Huang Shuping , Wilson Benjamin E. , Wang Bo , Fang Yuan , Buffington Keegan , Stein Andreas , Truhlar Donald G.
Published: December 2015

The energetics, structural changes, and charge flows during charging and discharging processes for pure and Y‐doped Li8ZrO6 high‐capacity cathode materials are investigated by XRD, XPS, UV/VIS spectroscopy, electrochemical measurements, and quantum mechanical DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Performance of High Capacity Li2Cu0.5Ni0.5O2 Cathodes.
Authors: Ruther Rose E. , Zhou Hui , Dhital Chetan , Saravanan Kuppan , Kercher Andrew K. , Chen Guoying , Huq Ashfia , Delnick Frank M. , Nanda Jagjit
Published: December 2015

The title compound is prepared by coprecipitation from aqueous solutions of Cu(NO3)2, Ni(NO3)2, NH4OH, and LiOH (50 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Defective SrTiO3 Synthesized by Arc‐Melting.
Authors: Yu Wen , Ou Gang , Si Wenjie , Qi Longhao , Wu Hui
Published: December 2015

Defective SrTiO3 is prepared by arc‐melting of commercial SrTiO3 powders followed by rapid solidification.
ChemInform Abstract: An All‐Metal Aromatic Sandwich Complex [Sb3Au3Sb3]3‐.
Authors: Pan Fu‐Xing , Li Lei‐Jiao , Wang Ying‐Jin , Guo Jin‐Chang , Zhai Hua‐Jin , Xu Li , Sun Zhong‐Ming
Published: December 2015

Dark red crystals of [K([2.2.2]cryptand)]3 [Sb3Au3Sb3] ·0.5PPh3·en (I) are prepared by addition of a toluene solution of Au(PPh3)Ph to a solution of K5Sb4 and [2.2.2]cryptand in en (25 °C, 4 h; 11% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Controlled Amino‐ versus Oxy‐Acetoxylation of Urea‐Tethered Alkenes: Efficient Synthesis of Cyclic Ureas and Isoureas.
Authors: Rao Wei‐Hao , Yin Xue‐Song , Shi Bing‐Feng
Published: December 2015

The regioselectivity of the acetoxycyclization of N‐allylureas to furnish either imidazoles or oxazoles is controlled by choice of the transition‐metal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective N‐Alkylation of Isoquinolines, Benzazepines and Thienopyridines with Aromatic Aldehydes and Naphthols
Authors: Sas Judit , Szatmari Istvan , Fueloep Ferenc
Published: December 2015

under microwave irradiation and solvent‐free conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Allyl Boron Ester with 1°/2°/3°‐Halogenated Alkanes.
Authors: Wang Guang‐Zu , Jiang Jian , Bu Xiao‐Song , Dai Jian‐Jun , Xu Jun , Fu Yao , Xu Hua‐Jian
Published: December 2015

The scalable method succeeds efficiently starting from primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl bromides and tolerates various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Fujiwara—Moritani Reaction of Weinreb Amides Using a Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization Reaction.
Authors: Das Riki , Kapur Manmohan
Published: December 2015

The directed oxidative Heck coupling of Weinreb amides is studied in the presence of Ru/Ag‐catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective α‐Alkylation of Aldehydes by Photoredox Organocatalysis: Rapid Access to Pharmacophore Fragments from β‐Cyanoaldehydes.
Authors: Welin Eric R. , Warkentin Alexander A. , Conrad Jay C. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: December 2015

The reaction of various aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with α‐bromonitriles under either conditions A) or B) produces highly functionalized oxonitriles with excellent e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Peroxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Biologically Important Chiral Endoperoxides.
Authors: Hu Lin , Lu Xiaojie , Deng Li
Published: December 2015

The method is utilized for the enantioselective construction of the core shared by all members of the stolonoxide family of anticancer natural products (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Carbene Insertion into the N—H Bond over O—H Bond Using a Well‐Defined Single Site (P—P)Cu(I) Catalyst.
Authors: Ramakrishna Kankanala , Murali Mani , Sivasankar Chinnappan
Published: December 2015

The air‐stable catalyst renders possible the desired chemoselective insertion and avoids formation of olefinic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Alcoholic Solvent‐Assisted Ligand‐Free Room Temperature Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Sarmah Gayatri , Mondal Manoj , Bora Utpal
Published: December 2015

The in situ generated active Pd(0) species is responsible for the excellent catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: The Organocatalyzed Domino Michael—Aldol Reaction Revisited. Synthesis of Enantioenriched 3‐Hydroxycyclohexanone Derivatives by Reaction of Enals with α,α′‐Diaryl‐Substituted Acetone.
Authors: Guevara‐Pulido James O. , Andres Jose M. , Pedrosa Rafael
Published: December 2015

Contrary to previously described, it is shown that ketones with pKa <18 can be used as nucleophiles in the organocatalyzed Michael addition to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Organocatalytic Quadruple Domino Reaction Employing a Vinylogous Friedel—Crafts/Michael/Michael/Aldol Condensation Sequence.
Authors: Philipps Arne R. , Fritze Lars , Erdmann Nico , Enders Dieter
Published: December 2015

Highly functionalized cyclohexenecarbaldehydes bearing a 1,1‐bis[4‐(dialkylamino)phenyl]ethene moiety and three contiguous stereogenic centers are synthesized with very good diastereoselectivity, virtually complete enantiomeric excess, and good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Bond Formation Through Proximal C—C Cleavage of Benzocyclobutenones.
Authors: Julia‐Hernandez Francisco , Ziadi Asraa , Nishimura Akira , Martin Ruben
Published: December 2015

The title reactions take place in the presence of various diene reactants as two‐carbon synthons under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxyarylation of Vinylacetates with Retention of an Alkenyl Moiety.
Authors: Qiu Sheng‐Qi , Xu Yun‐He , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: December 2015

The title method provides an efficient and simple method for preparation of multisubstituted vinyl esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed Cascade Rearrangement Reaction of 1,5‐Diynyl Esters: Unusual Regioselective 1,5‐Hydride Migration.
Authors: Zhu Hui , Huang Jiapian , Fan Congbin , Chen Zhiyuan
Published: December 2015

Diynes of type (I), (III), and (V) are found to undergo a PtCl2‐catalyzed highly regioselective 1,3‐acyloxy migration/pentannulation/1.5‐hydride shift process resulting in the formation of (E)‐2‐vinyl‐3‐oxo‐1‐methyleneindenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Activated 2‐Arylazetidines via Imino‐Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Ghorai Manas K. , Das Subhomoy , Das Kalpataru , Kumar Amit
Published: December 2015

The reaction of N‐sulfonyl imines [e.g. (I)] and esters [e.g. (II)] gives β‐amino esters [e.g. (III)], which are first reduced to alcohols [e.g. (IV)] and then cyclized to azetidines [e.g. (V)].
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylative Amination of Biogenic Furans Through Imine‐to‐Azaallyl Anion Umpolung.
Authors: Blume Fabian , Albeiruty Mhd. Haitham , Deska Jan
Published: December 2015

A scalable, operationally simple transformation of N‐furfurylidene‐N‐(diphenylmethyl)amine, prepared from 1‐furfural and benzhydrylamine, with various alkyl halides to the corresponding furfurylamines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: RhIII‐Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulations of 2‐Hydroxy‐ and 2‐Aminobenzaldehydes with Allenes: A Simple Method Toward 3‐Coumaranones and 3‐Indolinones.
Authors: Kuppusamy Ramajayam , Gandeepan Parthasarathy , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: December 2015

The title reaction renders possible an approach to various benzofuran and indoline structures with a series of functionalities at the aryl ring and an (E)‐configurated vinyl side chain at C‐2 of the heterocyclic part.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Rearrangement, and Hauser Annulation of 3‐Isocyanophthalides.
Authors: Mal Dipakranjan , Ghosh Ketaki , Chakraborty Soumen
Published: December 2015

The title compounds are obtained in two simple steps and can be rearranged to 3‐cyanoisobenzofuran‐1‐ones without the use of toxic cyanides.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Pyrrolin‐2‐one Derivatives in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Moshtaghi Zonouz Adeleh , Eskandari Issa , Notash Behrooz
Published: December 2015

Pyrrolinones are synthesized by a one‐pot, three‐component route at room temperature in water without the use of a catalyst or any additive.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct C—H Amination for Indole Synthesis from N‐Ts‐2‐Styrylaniline Derivatives Catalyzed by Copper Salt.
Authors: Chen Di , Mo Han‐Jie , Chen Ding‐Ben , Yang Jian‐Guo
Published: December 2015

Indoles are synthesized in good yields by the direct intramolecular C—H amination reactions via copper catalyzed oxidation with potassium peroxodisulfate.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed C(sp2)—H Alkynylation/Annulation with Terminal Alkynes: Selective Access to 3‐Methyleneisoindolin‐1‐one.
Authors: Zhang Lin‐Bao , Hao Xin‐Qi , Liu Zhan‐Jiang , Zheng Xin‐Xiang , Zhang Shou‐Kun , Niu Jun‐Long , Song Mao‐Ping
Published: December 2015

The cobalt(II)‐oxalate‐catalyzed reaction between arylacetylenes and N‐protected arylamides with pyridin N‐oxide as the directing group furnishes the title compounds in good to high yields and in a E/Z‐selective manner (Z).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroamination of Alkynes with Indolines.
Authors: Chen Qing‐An , Chen Zhiwei , Dong Vy M.
Published: December 2015

Branched N‐allylic indolines are highly regio‐ and stereoselectively obtained by hydroamination of internal alkynes via tandem rhodium catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Promoted Coupling of Carbon Dioxide and Propargylic Alcohols: Expansion of Substrate Scope and Trapping of Vinyl Copper Intermediate.
Authors: Ouyang Lu , Tang Xiaodong , He Haitao , Qi Chaorong , Xiong Wenfang , Ren Yanwei , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: December 2015

In the presence of N,N‐diisopropylethylamine, CuI efficiently catalyzes the coupling of internal propargylic alcohols with CO2 to afford the corresponding α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Arylation of Isoxazoles at the 5‐Position.
Authors: Shigenobu Masashi , Takenaka Kazuhiro , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: December 2015

The title reaction proceeds best under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Access to (1H‐Tetrazol‐5‐yl)furoxan Ammonium Salts via a Two‐Step Dehydration/[3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Strategy.
Authors: Fershtat Leonid L. , Epishina Margarita A. , Kulikov Alexander S. , Ovchinnikov Igor V. , Ananyev Ivan V. , Makhova Nina N.
Published: December 2015

Tetrazolylfuroxans are sensitive to impact, friction, and electric discharge.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Cascade Reaction Catalyzed by Squaramides: The Synthesis of CF3‐Containing Chromanes.
Authors: Wang Rui , et al.
Published: December 2015

Nitroalkenes bearing an additional ‐CF3 function react with 2‐hydroxychalcones in the presence of the cinchona alkaloid CASQ to produce the desired functionalized benzopyran structures in a completely stereoselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Enol‐Ugi Reaction of Hydroxycoumarins: Straightforward Synthesis of Amino Acid Derived Coumarin Enamines.
Authors: Neo Ana G. , Castellano Teresa G. , Marcos Carlos F.
Published: December 2015

Hydroxycoumarins bearing electron‐withdrawing groups are utilized as acidic components in Ugi‐type multicomponent‐condensations with various imines and isocyanides leading to 3‐ and 4‐coumarin enamines without the use of a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Sequential Oxidative C—H Activation/Annulation with Geminal‐Substituted Vinyl Acetates to Access Isoquinolines.
Authors: Chu Haoke , Sun Song , Yu Jin‐Tao , Cheng Jiang
Published: December 2015

The utility of this method is demonstrated in a short synthesis of papaverine (XVII).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Radical [2 + 2 + 1] Carbocyclization of Benzene‐Linked 1,n‐Enynes: Dual C(sp3)—H Functionalization Adjacent to a Heteroatom.
Authors: Hu Ming , Fan Jian‐Hong , Liu Yu , Ouyang Xuan‐Hui , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: December 2015

The title reaction leads to fused five‐membered carbocyclic hydrocarbons.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Double C—H Arylation Reaction: Tandem Synthesis of Benzo[a]imidazo[5,1,2‐cd]indolizines from Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and o‐Dihaloarenes.
Authors: Wang Hanyang , Chen Chunxia , Huang Zhangjie , Yao Liping , Li Bin , Peng Jinsong
Published: December 2015

The title indolizines are obtained by highly regiocontrolled intermolecular C‐3 arylation of imidazopyridines and subsequent intramolecular C‐5 arylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of Stereochemistry of 3‐(Arylhydrazono)furan‐2(3H)‐ones, Synthesis of 4‐(Arylhydrazono)pyridazin‐3(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Maiorova Oksana A. , Babkina Natalya V. , Egorova Alevtina Yu.
Published: December 2015

Pyridazine derivatives (IV) are synthesized via azocoupling of furanones of type (I) followed by hydrazinolysis of 3‐(arylhydrazono)furan‐2(3H)‐ones (III) which are proved to exist preferentially in the E‐hydroazone form.
ChemInform Abstract: Perchloric Acid‐Functionalized Silica Nanosphere as Novel and Green Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2H‐Indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazinetrione Derivatives.
Authors: Chegeni Mahdieh , Khazaei Ardeshir , Rahmati Sadegh , Fekri Mohammad Hossein
Published: December 2015

via multicomponent reaction of phthalhydrazide (I) with dimedone and aldehydes under solvent‐free conditions (14 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Novel Perimidinium Salts as N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors: Involvement in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Onar Gulnihan , Karatas Mert Olgun , Alici Buelent , Cetinkaya Engin
Published: December 2015

Perimidinium salts are synthesized and used as catalysts in Heck and Suzuki reactions affording styrenes or biaryl derivatives, resp., in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Formal [4π + 2π]‐Cycloadditions of tert‐Butyl Propiolates with Aldehydes and Ketones to Form 4H‐1,3‐Dioxine Derivatives.
Authors: Karad Somnath Narayan , Chung Wei‐Kang , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: December 2015

Aryl, hetaryl, alkenyl, and alkyl substituted tert‐butyl propiolates react with aryl, hetaryl, alkenyl, and alkyl aldehydes as well as cyclic and acyclic dialkyl and arylalkyl ketones to form 4H‐1,3‐dioxine derivatives in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2‐Dimethyl Imidazolium Ionic Liquids and Their Catalytic Activities.
Authors: Ganapathi Pandurangan , Ganesan Kilivelu
Published: December 2015

Imidazolium ionic liquids are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐ and Palladium‐Catalyzed Consecutive Coupling and Cyclization of Aromatic Sulfoximines with Phenylboronic Acids: An Efficient Route to Dibenzothiazines.
Authors: Chinnagolla Ravi Kiran , Vijeta Arjun , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: December 2015

Application of enantioenriched sulfoxime substrates allows for the preparation of enantiomerically pure dibenzothiazines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Route to Highly Diversified [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a][1,4]benzodiazepines and Their Evaluation for Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative and in silico Studies.
Authors: Sudhapriya N. , Nandakumar A. , Arun Y. , Perumal P. T. , Balachandran C. , Emi Nobuhiko
Published: December 2015

Some title benzodiazepine derivatives are found to exhibit a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and potency with respect to standard drugs streptomycin and ciprofloxacin.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Intramolecular Alkyne‐Azide Cycloaddition to Construct the Pyrazolo[4,3‐f][1,2,3]triazolo[5,1‐c][1,4]oxazepine Ring System.
Authors: Arbaciauskiene Egle , Laukaityte Vaida , Holzer Wolfgang , Sackus Algirdas
Published: December 2015

A simple and efficient synthetic route to a new pyrazolotriazolooxazepine ring system is developed by employing a metal‐free, intramolecular alkyne‐azide cycloaddition reaction as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Suzuki Reactions of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Difluoro(aryl)‐boranes.
Authors: Nerkar Swapnil , Curran Dennis P.
Published: December 2015

Stable difluoro(aryl) boranes [e.g. (II)] are synthesized from NHC‐arylboranes [e.g. (I)] and Selectfluor in high yields and are a new class of stable precursors for Suzuki coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of β‐Ketophosphonates and Vinyl Phosphonates from Alkenes or Alkynes Catalyzed by CuNPs/ZnO.
Authors: Gutierrez Victoria , Mascaro Evangelina , Alonso Francisco , Moglie Yanina , Radivoy Gabriel
Published: December 2015

It is found that alkynes conjugated with an aromatic ring or a carbon‐carbon double bond afford β‐ketophosponates as main products, whereas aliphatic alkynes or alkynes conjugated with a carbonyl group afford the corresponding vinyl phosphonates as mixtures of E/Z‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(III) Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrophosphonylation of Aldehydes Promoted by Chiral Camphor Schiff Bases.
Authors: Xu Feng , Liu Yanpeng , Tu Jingxuan , Lei Chao , Li Gaoqiang
Published: December 2015

Novel camphor‐derived Schiff bases prove to be efficient ligands for the iron(III)‐catalyzed hydrophosphonylation of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Minor New Compounds from the Aerial Parts of Leonurus japonicus.
Authors: Zhong Wei‐Mao , Cui Zhao‐Meng , Liu Zhi‐Ke , Yang Yan , Wu Da‐Rong , Liu Shao‐Hua , Long Hui , Sun Han‐Dong , Dang Yong‐Jun , Xiao Wei‐Lie
Published: December 2015

A labdane‐type diterpenoid, leojaponin D (I), and two ionone derivatives, leojaponones A and B [(II) and (III)], are isolated from the aerial parts of Leonurus japonicus.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiroplakortone, an Unprecedented Spiroketal Lactone from the Chinese Sponge Plakortis simplex.
Authors: Chianese Giuseppina , Gu Bin‐Bin , Yang Fan , Jiao Wei‐Hua , Guo Yue‐Wei , Lin Hou‐Wen , Taglialatela‐Scafati Orazio
Published: December 2015

A plausible pathway for the biosynthesis of the title compound (I) is also proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Trifluoromethyl Complexes
Authors: Gil‐Rubio Juan , Vicente Jose
Published: December 2015

Review: synthesis, reactivity and applications of gold trifluoromethyl complexes; 128 efs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inter‐ and Intramolecular Dienamine Organocatalytic Strategies for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Tricyclic Derivatives via [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Fraile Alberto , Aleman Jose
Published: December 2015

Review: [34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Cahard Dominique , Gaillard Sylvain , Renaud Jean‐Luc
Published: December 2015

Review: [35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Silacyclopropenes
Authors: Ishikawa Mitsuo , Naka Akinobu , Ohshita Joji
Published: December 2015

Review: [synthesis and reactions; 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Metal Nanopore Catalysts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Takale Balaram S. , Bao Ming , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Arumugam Natarajan , Kumar Raju Suresh
Published: December 2015

Review: [129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water: The Most Versatile and Nature′s Friendly Media in Asymmetric Organocatalyzed Direct Aldol reactions
Authors: Bhowmick Sudipto , Mondal Anirban , Ghosh Ayndrila , Bhowmick Kartick C.
Published: December 2015

Review: [160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of Dimethylzinc‐Mediated Radical Reactions
Authors: Yamada Ken‐ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: December 2015

Review: [96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strychnine as Target, Samarium Diiodide as Tool: A Personal Story
Authors: Beemelmanns Christine , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: December 2015

Review: [36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Brief Review: Electrochemical Performance of LSCF Composite Cathodes ‐ Influence of Ceria‐Electrolyte and Metals Element
Authors: Ahmad S. , Bakar M. S. A. , Rahman H. A. , Muchtar A.
Published: December 2015

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Technologies for the Treatment of Atmospheric Pollutants
Authors: Munoz Raul , Malhautier Luc , Fanlo Jean‐Louis , Quijano Guillermo
Published: December 2015

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Green Fuel and Power Production
Authors: Minh Nguyen Q. , Mogensen Mogens B.
Published: December 2015

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluidized Bed Modeling Applied to the Analysis of Processes: Review and State of the Art
Authors: Philippsen Caterina Goncalves , Vilela Antonio Cezar Faria , Dalla Zen Leandro
Published: December 2015

Review: 61 refs.
Nucleic Acid Bioconjugates in Cancer Detection and Therapy
Authors: Patel Pradeepkumar L. , Rana Niki K. , Patel Mayurbhai R. , Kozuch Stephen D. , Sabatino David
Published: December 2015

Nucleoside‐ and nucleotide‐based chemotherapeutics have been used to treat cancer for more than 50 years. However, their inherent cytotoxicities and the emergent resistance of tumors against treatment has inspired a new wave of compounds in which the overall pharmacological profile of the bioactive nucleic acid component is improved by conjugation with delivery vectors, small‐molecule drugs, and/or imaging modalities. In this manner, nucleic acid bioconjugates have the potential for targeting and effecting multiple biological processes in tumors, leading to synergistic antitumor effects. Consequently, tumor resistance and recurrence is mitigated, leading to more effective forms of cancer therapy. Bioorthogonal chemistry has led to the development of new nucleoside bioconjugates, which have served to improve treatment efficacy en route towards FDA approval. Similarly, oligonucleotide bioconjugates have shown encouraging preclinical and clinical results. The modified oligonucleotides and their pharmaceutically active formulations have addressed many weaknesses of oligonucleotide‐based drugs. They have also paved the way for important advancements in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cancer‐targeting ligands such as small‐molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibody fragments have all been successfully applied in oligonucleotide bioconjugation and have shown promising anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the application of bioorthogonal chemistry will, in all likelihood, continue to supply a promising pipeline of nucleic acid bioconjugates for applications in cancer detection and therapy.
Turning Perspective in Photoelectrocatalytic Cells for Solar Fuels
Authors: Perathoner Siglinda , Centi Gabriele , Su Dangsheng
Published: December 2015

The development of new devices for the use and storage of solar energy is a key step to enable a new sustainable energy scenario. The route for direct solar‐to‐chemical energy transformation, especially to produce liquid fuels, represents a necessary element to realize transition from the actual energy infrastructure. Photoelectrocatalytic (PECa) devices for the production of solar fuels are a key element to enable this sustainable scenario. The development of PECa devices and related materials is of increasing scientific and applied interest. This concept paper introduces the need to turn the viewpoint of research in terms of PECa cell design and related materials with respect to mainstream activities in the field of artificial photosynthesis and leaves. As an example of a new possible direction, the concept of electrolyte‐less cell design for PECa cells to produce solar fuels by reduction of CO2 is presented. The fundamental and applied development of new materials and electrodes for these cells should proceed fully integrated with PECa cell design and systematic analysis. A new possible approach to develop semiconductors with improved performances by using visible light is also shortly presented.
Theoretical Insight into the Trends that Guide the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid
Authors: Yoo Jong Suk , Christensen Rune , Vegge Tejs , Nørskov Jens K. , Studt Felix
Published: December 2015

The electrochemical reduction (electroreduction) of CO2 to formic acid (HCOOH) and its competing reactions, that is, the electroreduction of CO2 to CO and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), on twenty‐seven different metal surfaces have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Owing to a strong linear correlation between the free energies of COOH* and H*, it seems highly unlikely that the electroreduction of CO2 to HCOOH via the COOH* intermediate occurs without a large fraction of the current going to HER. On the other hand, the selective electroreduction of CO2 to HCOOH seems plausible if the reaction occurs via the HCOO* intermediate, as there is little correlation between the free energies of HCOO* and H*. Lead and silver surfaces are found to be the most promising monometallic catalysts showing high faradaic efficiencies for the electroreduction of CO2 to HCOOH with small overpotentials. Our methodology is widely applicable, not only to metal surfaces, but also to other classes of materials enabling the computational search for electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to HCOOH.
BMP7‐induced dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons requires p75NTR signaling
Authors: Courter Lauren A. , Shaffo Frances C. , Ghogha Atefeh , Parrish Diana J. , Lorentz Christina U. , Habecker Beth A. , Lein Pamela J.
Published: December 2015

Dendritic morphology is a critical determinant of neuronal connectivity, and in postganglionic sympathetic neurons, tonic activity correlates directly with the size of the dendritic arbor. Thus, identifying signaling mechanisms that regulate dendritic arborization of sympathetic neurons is important to understanding how functional neural circuitry is established and maintained in the sympathetic nervous system. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) promote dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons; however, downstream signaling events that link BMP receptor activation to dendritic growth are poorly characterized. We previously reported that BMP7 upregulates p75NTR mRNA in cultured sympathetic neurons. This receptor is implicated in controlling dendritic growth in central neurons but whether p75NTR regulates dendritic growth in peripheral neurons is not known. Here, we demonstrate that BMP7 increases p75NTR protein in cultured sympathetic neurons, and this effect is blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of signaling via BMP type I receptor. BMP7 does not trigger dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons dissociated from superior cervical ganglia (SCG) of p75NTR nullizygous mice, and overexpression of p75NTR in p75NTR−/− neurons is sufficient to cause dendritic growth even in the absence of BMP7. Morphometric analyses of SCG from wild‐type versus p75NTR nullizygous mice at 3, 6, and 12 to 16 weeks of age indicated that genetic deletion of p75NTR does not prevent dendritic growth but does stunt dendritic maturation in sympathetic neurons. These data support the hypotheses that p75NTR is involved in downstream signaling events that mediate BMP7‐induced dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons, and suggest that p75NTR signaling positively modulates dendritic complexity in sympathetic neurons in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1003–1013, 2016
Population genetics of the olive‐winged bulbul (Pycnonotus plumosus) in a tropical urban‐fragmented landscape
Authors: Tang Grace S. Y. , Sadanandan Keren R. , Rheindt Frank E.
Published: December 2015

With increasing urbanization, urban‐fragmented landscapes are becoming more and more prevalent worldwide. Such fragmentation may lead to small, isolated populations that face great threats from genetic factors that affect even avian species with high dispersal propensities. Yet few studies have investigated the population genetics of species living within urban‐fragmented landscapes in the Old World tropics, in spite of the high levels of deforestation and fragmentation within this region. We investigated the evolutionary history and population genetics of the olive‐winged bulbul (Pycnonotus plumosus) in Singapore, a highly urbanized island which retains <5% of its original forest cover in fragments. Combining our own collected and sequenced samples with those from the literature, we conducted phylogenetic and population genetic analyses. We revealed high genetic diversity, evidence for population expansion, and potential presence of pronounced gene flow across the population in Singapore. This suggests increased chances of long‐term persistence for the olive‐winged bulbul and the ecosystem services it provides within this landscape.
Environmental controls on the distribution and diversity of lentic Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) across an altitudinal gradient in tropical South America
Authors: Matthews‐Bird Frazer , Gosling William D. , Coe Angela L. , Bush Mark , Mayle Francis E. , Axford Yarrow , Brooks Stephen J.
Published: December 2015

To predict the response of aquatic ecosystems to future global climate change, data on the ecology and distribution of keystone groups in freshwater ecosystems are needed. In contrast to mid‐ and high‐latitude zones, such data are scarce across tropical South America (Neotropics). We present the distribution and diversity of chironomid species using surface sediments of 59 lakes from the Andes to the Amazon (0.1–17°S and 64–78°W) within the Neotropics. We assess the spatial variation in community assemblages and identify the key variables influencing the distributional patterns. The relationships between environmental variables (pH, conductivity, depth, and sediment organic content), climatic data, and chironomid assemblages were assessed using multivariate statistics (detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis). Climatic parameters (temperature and precipitation) were most significant in describing the variance in chironomid assemblages. Temperature and precipitation are both predicted to change under future climate change scenarios in the tropical Andes. Our findings suggest taxa of Orthocladiinae, which show a preference to cold high‐elevation oligotrophic lakes, will likely see range contraction under future anthropogenic‐induced climate change. Taxa abundant in areas of high precipitation, such as Micropsectra and Phaenopsectra, will likely become restricted to the inner tropical Andes, as the outer tropical Andes become drier. The sensitivity of chironomids to climate parameters makes them important bio‐indicators of regional climate change in the Neotropics. Furthermore, the distribution of chironomid taxa presented here is a vital first step toward providing urgently needed autecological data for interpreting fossil chironomid records of past ecological and climate change from the tropical Andes.
A Push–Pull PdII Complex with a Ternary Pd–P–C+ Accepting End and a Key N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Imid­azoliophosphine Ligand
Authors: Dubrulle Laurent , Poidevin Corentin , Maaliki Carine , Canac Yves , Lepetit Christine , Duhayon Carine , Chauvin Remi
Published: December 2015

Neutral and cationic PdCl2 complexes based on the neutral frame of a cis‐chelating N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)–imidazolophosphine ligand involving an o‐phenylene bridge have been devised for comparison of their relative push–pull character. Both target complexes, which are globally isosteric in the Pd coordination sphere, have been prepared in 58–68 % yield by direct coordination of the corresponding cis‐chelating NHC‐imidazol(i)ophosphine “free ligand”, or by extrusion of a Ph2P+ phosphenium moiety from (imidazoliophosphine)PdII complex precursors. The cationic complex has also been obtained in 64 % yield by selective N‐methylation of the neutral counterpart. The charge transfer from the NHC donating end (LD) to the imidazol(i)ophosphine accepting end (LA) has been investigated by electronic spectroscopy and by calculations of the first excited states at the time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT level. Although all the excitations involving the LD and LA ends of the neutral complex converge to the Pd center, the excited states |S7> (305 nm) and |S8> (303 nm) of the cationic complex exhibit a net LD[M]LA charge‐tranfer (CT) character, which is clearly visualized by particle–hole density analysis. The push–pull complex involving a Pd–P–C+ π‐accepting end is regarded as a “ternary” counterpart of “binary” phosphine–borane complexes involving two‐center Pd–B σ‐accepting ends.
The Relationship between Structure and Properties in ZnII Complexes of Bulky N,N′‐Diarylformamidinate N‐Oxides
Authors: Cibian Mihaela , Langis‐Barsetti Sophie , Ferreira Janaina G. , Hanan Garry S.
Published: December 2015

Homoleptic zinc(II) complexes (3a–3d) of the bulky N,N′‐diarylformamidinate N‐oxide ligands N‐hydroxy‐N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)formamidine (2a), N‐hydroxy‐N,N′‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)formamidine (2b), N‐hydroxy‐N,N′‐bis(2‐isopropylphenyl)formamidine (2c) and N‐hydroxy‐N,N′‐bis(2‐biphenyl)formamidine (2d) were synthesized and characterized. Their solid‐state structures are presented together with their solution properties, as examined by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Theoretical calculations [DFT and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT)] were performed to assess and to rationalize the influence of ligand modification on the properties of the complexes: the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), localized on the NCNO moiety, is less influenced by the substitution pattern, whereas the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), localized on the aryl ring with the O–N moiety, is directly affected; therefore, the optical band gap can be fine‐tuned for potential applications.
High‐Yielding Synthesis and Full Spectroscopic Characterization of 5,6:11,12‐Di‐o‐phenylenetetracene and Its Synthesis Intermediates
Authors: Wombacher Tobias , Foro Sabine , Schneider Jörg J.
Published: December 2015

Herein we present a synthetic gram‐scale route to 5,6:11,12‐di‐o‐phenylenetetracene (DOPT, 8), which is a member of the class of cyclopenta‐fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CP‐PAHs). Full analytical characterization of the title compound was carried out by IR, Raman, UV/Vis, and high‐field 1H NMR spectroscopy, as well as by mass spectrometry. A unique double‐elimination of phenylide moieties, as the key reaction step, gave DOPT for the first time in high purity and in an isolated yield of >70 %. Re‐aromatization of the annulated π‐ring system occurred following the reductive elimination of the two phenyl groups from the DOPT precursor. Two alternative reaction pathways for this process are discussed. The synthetic method described herein may allow development of the chemistry of the title compound further, for example, to investigate the organometallic chemistry of DOPT as well as its semiconducting behavior in organic electronics.
Improved Enzymatic Procedure for the Synthesis of Anandamide and N‐Fatty Acylalkanolamine Analogues: A Combination Strategy to Antitumor Activity
Authors: Quintana Paula G. , García Liñares Guadalupe , Chanquia Santiago N. , Gorojod Roxana M. , Kotler Mónica L. , Baldessari Alicia
Published: December 2015

Twenty N‐fatty acylamines from linolenic and arachidonic acids, fifteen of them new compounds, were obtained through Candida antarctica B lipase‐catalyzed esterification and aminolysis reactions in very good yields and with high chemoselectivity. The optimal reaction conditions were achieved by studying the reaction parameters (temperature, E/S ratio, alcohol and alkanolamine/fatty acid ratio, time, solvent, free‐solvent system, etc.). To identify ideal enzymatic methods for generating the alkanolamides we evaluated enzyme performance in three procedures: i) aminolysis of ethyl ester, ii) direct condensation between the fatty acid and the alkanolamine, and iii) a one‐pot/two‐step conversion of fatty acids into alkanolamides via in situ formation of the ethyl ester and subsequent aminolysis by the alkanolamine. The advantages noted with the enzymatic methodology, such as mild reaction conditions and low environmental impact, underscore biocatalysis as a convenient way to prepare the reported compounds. The cytotoxic activities of all compounds and mixtures of anandamide and its analogues were evaluated in rat glioma C6 cells. These studies reveal that some anandamide analogues enhance the antitumor effects of anandamide, suggesting their possible application as therapeutic tools in cancer treatment.
Time series modeling of paleoclimate data
Authors: Davidson James E. H. , Stephenson David B. , Turasie Alemtsehai A.
Published: December 2015

This paper applies time series modeling methods to paleoclimate series for temperature, ice volume, and atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and CH4. These series, inferred from Antarctic ice and ocean cores, are well known to move together in the transitions between glacial and interglacial periods, but the dynamic relationship between the series is open to question. A further unresolved issue is the role of Milankovitch theory, in which the glacial/interglacial cycles are correlated with orbital variations. We perform tests for Granger causality in the context of a vector autoregression model. Previous work with climate series has assumed nonstationarity and adopted a cointegration approach, but in a range of tests, we find no evidence of integrated behavior. We use conventional autoregressive methodology while allowing for conditional heteroscedasticity in the residuals, associated with the transitional periods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the Practice Impact of Research on Evaluation
Authors: Cousins J. Bradley , Svensson Kateryna , Szijarto Barbara , Pinsent Celine , Andrew Caroline , Sylvestre John
Published: December 2015

Calls for more and better research on evaluation (RoE) have been sounded for some 20 years now and the recent appearance of several significant reviews of empirical research suggests that interest in RoE is on the rise. Although many empirical studies on evaluation and syntheses of such studies result in implications for evaluation policy and practice, to date there has been little attention devoted to tracking the practice impact of RoE. The chapter draws on recent work on research and knowledge utilization to develop a conceptual approach to assessing the impact of RoE on evaluation policy and practice. Specifically, a theory of change for RoE is developed as part of a contribution analysis (CA) approach to the problem. Recommendations for moving forward are then considered.
Reflections on the Future of Research on Evaluation
Authors: Azzam Tarek , Jacobson Miriam R.
Published: December 2015

This chapter explores the future of research on evaluation (RoE) and the actions that we can take to help RoE develop and thrive in the coming years. These actions focus on the production of RoE that is specifically usable and relevant to practicing evaluators, the systematic collection and sharing of evaluation practice data, the active development of methods and tools that feasibly and rigorously measure different aspects of evaluation, the use of new technological developments (e.g., crowdsourcing) in RoE, and dissemination through new and existing systems that target other researchers and evaluation professionals. The potential impact of these actions on the future of RoE is discussed throughout this chapter, along with concluding thoughts on the current and future importance of RoE for evaluation theory and practice.