bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the exposure risk of aerosolized Coccidioides in a Valley fever endemic metropolis
Authors: Porter W. Tanner , Gade Lalitha , Montfort Parker , Mihaljevic Joseph R. , Bowers Jolene R. , Willman Andrew , Klimowski Brian A. , LaFleur Bonnie J. , Sunenshine Rebecca H. , Collins Jennifer , Adame Guillermo , Brady Shane , Komatsu Kenneth K. , Williams Samantha , Toda Mitsuru , Chiller Tom , Litvintseva Anastasia P. , Engelthaler David M.
Published: January 2024

Coccidioides is the fungal causative agent of Valley fever, a primarily pulmonary disease caused by inhalation of fungal arthroconidia, or spores. Although Coccidioides has been an established pathogen for 120 years and is responsible for hundreds of thousands of infections per year, little is known about when and where infectious Coccidioides arthroconidia are present within the ambient air in endemic regions. Long-term air sampling programs provide a means to investigate these characteristics across space and time. Here we present data from > 18 months of collections from 11 air sampling sites across the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area. Overall, prevalence was highly variable across space and time with no obvious spatial or temporal correlations. Several high prevalence periods were identified at select sites, with no obvious spatial or temporal associations. Comparing these data with weather and environmental factor data, wind gusts and temperature were positively associated with Coccidioides detection, while soil moisture was negatively associated with Coccidioides detection. These results provide critical insights into the frequency and distribution of airborne arthroconidia and the associated risk of inhalation and potential disease that is present across space and time in a highly endemic locale.
Imaging built-in electric fields and light matter by Fourier-precession TEM
Authors: Lorenzen Tizian , März Benjamin , Xue Tianhao , Beyer Andreas , Volz Kerstin , Bein Thomas , Müller-Caspary Knut
Published: January 2024

We report the precise measurement of electric fields in nanostructures, and high-contrast imaging of soft matter at ultralow electron doses by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In particular, a versatile method based on the theorem of reciprocity is introduced to enable differential phase contrast imaging and ptychography in conventional, plane-wave illumination TEM. This is realised by a series of TEM images acquired under different tilts, thereby introducing the sampling rate in reciprocal space as a tuneable parameter, in contrast to momentum-resolved scanning techniques. First, the electric field of a p–n junction in GaAs is imaged. Second, low-dose, in-focus ptychographic and DPC characterisation of Kagome pores in weakly scattering covalent organic frameworks is demonstrated by using a precessing electron beam in combination with a direct electron detector. The approach offers utmost flexibility to record relevant spatial frequencies selectively, while acquisition times and dose requirements are significantly reduced compared to the 4D-STEM counterpart.
Analysis of the effects of importin α1 on the nuclear translocation of IL-1α in HeLa cells
Authors: Yamada Akiko , Wake Kiyotaka , Imaoka Saya , Motoyoshi Mitsuru , Yamamoto Takenori , Asano Masatake
Published: January 2024

Interleukin-1α (IL-1α), a cytokine released by necrotic cells, causes sterile inflammation. On the other hand, IL-1α is present in the nucleus and also regulates the expression of many proteins. A protein substrate containing a classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS) typically forms a substrate/importin α/β complex, which is subsequently transported to the nucleus. To the best of our knowledge, no study has directly investigated whether IL-1α—which includes cNLS—is imported into the nucleus in an importin α/β-dependent manner. In this study, we noted that all detected importin α subtypes interacted with IL-1α. In HeLa cells, importin α1-mediated nuclear translocation of IL-1α occurred at steady state and was independent of importin β1. Importin α1 not only was engaged in IL-1α nuclear transport but also concurrently functioned as a molecule that regulated IL-1α protein level in the cell. Furthermore, we discussed the underlying mechanism of IL-1α nuclear translocation by importin α1 based on our findings.
Changes in the stability of coal microstructure under the influence of weak electromagnetic fields
Authors: Bazaluk Oleg , Sobolev Valerii , Molchanov Oleksandr , Burchak Oleksandr , Bezruchko Kostiantyn , Holub Nataliia , Tereshkova Olha , Kulivar Viacheslav , Fedorenko Eduard , Lozynskyi Vasyl
Published: January 2024

The article presents experimental results of research concerning the action of weak electric and magnetic fields on physicochemical transformations in samples of hard coal with a previously destabilized microstructure. The actions of electric and magnetic fields are fundamentally different by many parameters. It has been shown that after treatment with a weak electric field, coal posted an electret potential with an anomalously continuous charge relaxation. Compared to untreated coal samples, the rate of methane emission from methane-saturated samples is maximum for long-flame coal and decreases as it approaches anthracite. The electric field stimulates the grinding of microparticles, a decrease in the maximum gas outlet temperature, a decrease in the enthalpy value in the formation of a new phase, and an increase in the chemical activity of treated coal samples. Fundamentally different results were obtained with magnetic stimulation of coals. In X-ray diffractograms of coal powders after magnetic treatment, the values of the maxima of the main peaks are the largest in comparison with the original samples and those treated with an electric field, which is consistent with an increase in the size of microparticles in a magnetic field. There is an increase in the heat of combustion and a decrease (by 5 times) in the loss of coal mass during heating.
Domestic pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) do not show a preference to contrafreeload, but are willing
Authors: Rothkoff Liza , Feng Lynna , Byosiere Sarah-Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

Contrafreeloading is the behavior of working for food when also provided with identical food that does not require effort to obtain. This behavior has been observed in humans and non-human animals, including domesticated species. In the current investigation, we assessed whether companion animals, specifically domestic dogs, contrafreeload when presented with two feeders simultaneously, a snuffle mat (a work for food device) and a tray (a freely available food device). Thirty-eight pet dogs participated in the study in which ten feeding trials were presented where food was distributed equally in both feeders. Three overarching research questions were considered: (1) Do dogs prefer to contrafreeload and/or are they willing to contrafreeload, (2) is activity (step count) or body condition score (BCS) related to contrafreeloading behavior and, (3) does previous experience with puzzle feeders impact contrafreeloading behavior? Two general linear models were conducted assessing the effects of sex, experience, age, activity and BCS on the proportion of first choices to the snuffle mat (ICs) and the number of interactions with the snuffle mat while food was still available in the tray (INs). Overall, when assessing the proportion of first choices to each feeder, dogs demonstrated a willingness to contrafreeload but not a preference to contrafreeload. In a reduced model, only one term, owner-reported body condition score, had a significant effect, suggesting that dogs with a higher BCS demonstrated a greater proportion of first choices for the snuffle mat (F (1,36) = 7.72, p = 0.009, η2p = 0.177). In evaluating the number of interactions with the snuffle mat while food was still available in the tray, the model was not significant (F (5,29) = 1.231, p = 0.320, η2p = 0.175). This study represents the first investigation of contrafreeloading in domestic pet dogs and informs recommendations for canine enrichment.
Chromosomal positioning and epigenetic architecture influence DNA methylation patterns triggered by galactic cosmic radiation
Authors: Perdyan Adrian , Jąkalski Marcin , Horbacz Monika , Beheshti Afshin , Mieczkowski Jakub
Published: January 2024

Despite surging interest in space travel in recent decades, the impacts of prolonged, elevated exposure to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) on human health remain poorly understood. This form of ionizing radiation causes significant changes to biological systems including damage to DNA structure by altering epigenetic phenotype with emphasis on DNA methylation. Building on previous work by Kennedy et al. (Sci Rep 8(1): 6709. 10.1038/S41598-018-24755-8), we evaluated spatial DNA methylation patterns triggered by high-LET (56Fe, 28Si) and low-LET (X-ray) radiation and the influence of chromosome positioning and epigenetic architecture in distinct radial layers of cell nucleus. Next, we validated our results using gene expression data of mice irradiated with simulated GCR and JAXA astronauts. We showed that primarily 56Fe induces a persistent DNA methylation increase whereas 28Si and X-ray induce a decrease DNA methylation which is not persistent with time. Moreover, we highlighted the role of nuclear chromatin architecture in cell response to external radiation. In summary, our study provides novel insights towards epigenetic and transcriptomic response as well as chromatin multidimensional structure influence on galactic cosmic radiation damage.
Seasonal predictability of the dominant surface ozone pattern over China linked to sea surface temperature
Authors: Chen Yuan , Chen Dean , Nie Linru , Liu Wenqi , Fan Jingfang , Chen Xiaosong , Zhang Yongwen
Published: January 2024

Mitigation surface ozone pollution becomes increasingly pivotal in improving China’s air quality. However, the impact of global sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) on the long-term predictability of China’s surface ozone remains challenging. In this study, we employ eigen techniques to effectively characterize dominant surface ozone patterns over China, and establish cross-correlations between the dominant patterns and global SSTA time series. Our findings reveal that China’s summer ozone pollution is strongly associated with crucial SSTA clusters linked to atmospheric circulations, i.e., the West Pacific Subtropical High and the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern. For winter, ozone pollution is attributed to SSTA clusters related to the Southern Oscillation, the Madden-Julian Oscillation and others. We propose a multivariate regression model capable of predicting surface ozone patterns with a lead time of at least 3 months. Evaluation of our model using a testing dataset yields an R-value of around 0.5 between predicted and observed data, surpassing statistical significance threshold. This suggests the viability and potential applicability of our predictive model in surface ozone forecasting and mitigation strategies in China.
Catalytic synthesis of β-lactam derivatives by carbonylative cycloaddition of acylsilanes with imines via a palladium Fischer-carbene intermediate
Authors: Inagaki Tetsuya , Kodama Takuya , Tobisu Mamoru
Published: January 2024

Fischer-type carbene complexes are characterized by the presence of a π-donating group, such as an alkoxy group on the carbene carbon. Despite the notable progress that has been made in synthetic methods that involve the use of Fischer-type carbene complexes, stoichiometric amounts of carbene complexes are still required for such reactions and catalytic variants remain elusive. This limitation primarily stems from the lack of suitable carbene precursors, which is in sharp contrast to the fact that carbene complexes bearing an electron-withdrawing group can be readily generated from the corresponding diazo esters. Here we report that acylsilanes can function as a precursor for a Fischer-carbene complex by the action of a palladium catalyst. This system can be used in catalytic carbonylative cycloaddition reactions with imines to form densely substituted β-lactam derivatives. A key siloxycarbene–palladium intermediate complex was isolated and successfully characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Transcription readthrough is prevalent in healthy human tissues and associated with inherent genomic features
Authors: Caldas Paulo , Luz Mariana , Baseggio Simone , Andrade Rita , Sobral Daniel , Grosso Ana Rita
Published: January 2024

Transcription termination is a crucial step in the production of conforming mRNAs and functional proteins. Under cellular stress conditions, the transcription machinery fails to identify the termination site and continues transcribing beyond gene boundaries, a phenomenon designated as transcription readthrough. However, the prevalence and impact of this phenomenon in healthy human tissues remain unexplored. Here, we assessed transcription readthrough in almost 3000 transcriptome profiles representing 23 human tissues and found that 34% of the expressed protein-coding genes produced readthrough transcripts. The production of readthrough transcripts was restricted in genomic regions with high transcriptional activity and was associated with inefficient splicing and increased chromatin accessibility in terminal regions. In addition, we showed that these transcripts contained several binding sites for the same miRNA, unravelling a potential role as miRNA sponges. Overall, this work provides evidence that transcription readthrough is pervasive and non-stochastic, not only in abnormal conditions but also in healthy tissues. This suggests a potential role for such transcripts in modulating normal cellular functions.
Deep proteomic analysis of obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome by DIA-MS of extracellular vesicle enriched fractions
Authors: Tian Wenmin , Shi Dongxue , Zhang Yinmei , Wang Hongli , Tang Haohao , Han Zhongyu , Wong Catherine C. L. , Cui Liyan , Zheng Jiajia , Chen Yang
Published: January 2024

Proteins in the plasma/serum mirror an individual’s physiology. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) proteins constitute a large portion of the plasma/serum proteome. Thus, deep and unbiased proteomic analysis of circulating plasma/serum extracellular vesicles holds promise for discovering disease biomarkers as well as revealing disease mechanisms. We established a workflow for simple, deep, and reproducible proteome analysis of both serum large and small EVs enriched fractions by ultracentrifugation plus 4D-data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (4D-DIA-MS). In our cohort study of obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS), 4270 and 3328 proteins were identified from large and small EVs enriched fractions respectively. Both of them revealed known or new pathways related to OAPS. Increased levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and insulin receptor (INSR) were identified as candidate biomarkers, which shed light on hypercoagulability and abnormal insulin signaling in disease progression. Our workflow will significantly promote our understanding of plasma/serum-based disease mechanisms and generate new biomarkers.
Observation of large spin-polarized Fermi surface of a magnetically proximitized semiconductor quantum well
Authors: Shiratani Harunori , Takiguchi Kosuke , Anh Le Duc , Tanaka Masaaki
Published: January 2024

The magnetic proximity effect (MPE) attracts much attention as a promising way for introducing ferromagnetism into a nonmagnetic electron-transport channel. Although the range of MPE is generally limited to the interface, it is extended to several tens of nm in high-quality semiconductor bilayers consisting of a nonmagnetic quantum well (QW) and an underlying ferromagnetic semiconductor (FMS) layer. To elucidate the mechanism of this long-range MPE, it is essential to observe the magnetically proximitized electronic structure of the nonmagnetic semiconductor. Here, by investigating the Shubnikov - de Haas oscillations in nonmagnetic n-type InAs QW / FMS (Ga,Fe)Sb bilayers, we successfully observe the spin-polarized Fermi surface of the InAs QW. The spontaneous spin-splitting energy in the conduction band of the InAs QW reaches 18 meV when applying a negative gate voltage. This large and gate-tunable spin-polarized Fermi surface of a magnetically proximitized InAs QW provides an ideal platform for novel spintronic and topological devices.
Full-bandwidth anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg theory and its application to superhydrides
Authors: Lucrezi Roman , Ferreira Pedro P. , Hajinazar Samad , Mori Hitoshi , Paudyal Hari , Margine Elena R. , Heil Christoph
Published: January 2024

Migdal-Eliashberg theory is one of the state-of-the-art methods for describing conventional superconductors from first principles. However, widely used implementations assume a constant density of states around the Fermi level, which hinders a proper description of materials with distinct features in its vicinity. Here, we present an implementation of the Migdal-Eliashberg theory within the EPW code that considers the full electronic structure and accommodates scattering processes beyond the Fermi surface. To significantly reduce computational costs, we introduce a non-uniform sampling scheme along the imaginary axis. We demonstrate the power of our implementation by applying it to the sodalite-like clathrates YH6 and CaH6, and to the covalently-bonded H3S and D3S. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of maximizing the density of states at the Fermi level in doped H3S and BaSiH8 within the full-bandwidth treatment compared to the constant-density-of-states approximation. Our findings highlight the importance of this advanced treatment in such complex materials.
Pareto optimization to accelerate multi-objective virtual screening
Authors: Fromer Jenna C. , Graff David E. , Coley Connor W.
Published: January 2024

Pareto optimization is suited to multi-objective problems when the relative importance of objectives is not known a priori. We report an open source tool to accelerate docking-based virtual screening with strong empirical performance.
Upconversion luminescence and temperature sensing properties of Ho3+,Yb3+-codoped Bi2WO6
Authors: Jiang Mengliang , Wang Linxiang , Maimaiti Munire , Feng Xin , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2024

Emission spectra of 3%Ho3+,10%Yb3+:Bi2WO6 sample under 980 nm excitation at different temperatures.
A comprehensive review of various carbonaceous materials for anodes in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Li Yifei , Wang Longzhen , Wang Yiting , Chai Jiali , Du Jiakai , Li Qingmeng , Rui Yichuan , Jiang Lei , Tang Bohejin
Published: January 2024

With the advent of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the selection and application of electrode materials have been the subject of much discussion and study.
Selective monooxygenation of diphosphenes with molecular oxygen
Authors: Kawase Yuria , Tsujimoto Shota , Obayashi Tomohiro , Kimura Satoshi , Ito Kanta , Ikoma Shotaro , Ota Kei , Hashizume Daisuke , Matsuo Tsukasa
Published: January 2024

The O2 splitting mediated by the bulky Rind-based diphosphenes leads to the clean formation of the diphosphene oxides with (O)PP moieties.
The potential environmental and climate impacts of stratospheric aerosol injection: a review
Authors: Huynh Han N. , McNeill V. Faye
Published: January 2024

This article reviews scientific evidence for the potential environmental impacts of stratospheric aerosol injection, a form of solar radiation geoengineering.
Perspectives of 2D MXene-based materials for self-powered smart gas sensors
Authors: Atkare Sayali , Rout Chandra Sekhar , Jagtap Shweta
Published: January 2024

The review paper highlights the latest advancements in employing 2D MXenes for self-powered gas sensing applications, discussing their fundamental sensing mechanisms and evaluating their performance parameters.
pH-sensitive composite nanofibers of poly(ε-caprolactone) loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles/ammonium bicarbonate as a nanocarrier toward efficient doxorubicin release for postsurgical cancer treatment
Authors: Vo Quang Nhat Quynh , Rezk Abdelrahman I. , Chun Sungkun , Park Chan Hee , Kim Cheol Sang
Published: January 2024

We present pH-sensitive magnetic nanofibers for thermo-chemotherapy. This pH-sensitive approach may offer a versatile, chemo-selective method for targeted drug delivery in postsurgical breast cancer treatment.
Alloy/strain engineering of Pt-based nanowires with controllable electronic structures towards boosted water electrolysis catalysis
Authors: Tian Jiakang , Lin Senmin , Tang Zhongmin , Li Runhua , Cheng Xiaomei , Fang Zhen , Wang Bin , Peng Jiaheng , Xiao Lang , Fu Benwei , Deng Tao , Wu Jianbo
Published: January 2024

Alloying and strain effects (introduced by elements and temperature modulation) of Pt-based nanowires towards boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Augmented photocatalysis induced by 1T-MoS2 bridged 2D/2D MgIn2S4@1T/2H-MoS2 Z-scheme heterojunction: mechanistic insights into H2O2 and H2 evolution
Authors: Das Sarmistha , Acharya Lopamudra , Biswal Lijarani , Parida Kulamani
Published: January 2024

This work involves the fabrication of a 1T phase mediated MIS@1T/2H-MoS2 Z-scheme hybrid for accelerated photocatalytic H2O2 and H2 production.
Introduction to Bionanocomposites
Authors: Thomas Sabu , John Maya Jacob , Mathew Aji P.
Published: January 2024

Sabu Thomas, Maya John and Aji Mathew introduce the Nanoscale Advances themed issue on Bionanocomposites.
Copper-catalyzed room-temperature cross-dehydrogenative coupling of secondary amides with terminal alkynes: a chemoselective synthesis of ynamides
Authors: Zhuo Shuang-Yan , Ye Jian-Liang , Zheng Xiao
Published: January 2024

A copper-catalyzed nitrogen radical-mediated cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction has been developed for the synthesis of ynamides at room temperature.
Enhancing the performance of organic solar cells by using PDINN-doped PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Zhang Cai'e , Liu Wenlong , Zheng Xinming , Chen Qiaoling , Yang Chuluo , Xu Xinjun , Bo Zhishan
Published: January 2024

PDINN, a perylene diimide derivative, enhances the electrical conductivity of the hole transport layer in PEDOT:PSS-based organic solar cells. This results in improved power conversion efficiencies compared to the control ones.
Ultra-stable Cu-ion-exchanged cobalt hexacyanoferrate(ii) in aqueous copper-ion storage
Authors: Wang Jiehua , Qiu Chaoyi , Zhao Shuyuan , Guan Mingzhu , Yu Haoxiang , Chen Zhiwei , Lu Beijia , Wanyan Boao , Zhang Liyuan , Shu Jie
Published: January 2024

CuCoFe(CN)6 prepared by coprecipitating and ion-exchanging exhibits high initial discharge capacity, long term cycling life, and excellent rate performance in aqueous copper ion batteries.
Design of rigid chiral bipyridine-2NO tetradentate ligands: application in asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Wang Yu-Heng , Hu Pan , Wang Xi-Rui , Xu Ke-Lan , Wang Qi-Lin , Wang Hui-Juan , Liu Xiong-Li
Published: January 2024

A new class of chiral bipyridine-2NO ligands, which incorporate the advantages of both the bipyridine skeleton and the pyrroloimidazolone-based N-oxide moiety, was developed.
Accelerated synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene and 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridine derivatives using dendritic mesoporous nanosilica functionalized by hexamethylenetetramine: a novel nanocatalyst
Authors: Sabri Zahra , Shadjou Nasrin , Mahmoudian Mehdi
Published: January 2024

Synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene and 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridine derivatives using Cu@KCC-1–nPr–HMTA.
Spike rate dependent synaptic characteristics in lamellar, multilayered alpha-MoO3 based two-terminal devices – efficient way to control the synaptic amplification
Authors: Sunny Meenu Maria , Thamankar R.
Published: January 2024

Effect of single optical and electrical pulse on the MoO3 based neuromorphic device showing the potentiation mimicing the biological synapse.
Recent developments in sunscreens based on chromophore compounds and nanoparticles
Authors: Rajasekar Mani , Mary Jennita , Sivakumar Meenambigai , Selvam Masilamani
Published: January 2024

Sunscreen formulations have undergone significant advancements in recent years, with a focus on improving UV radiation protection, photostability, and environmental sustainability.
Development of a surrogate artificial neural network for microkinetic modeling: case study with methanol synthesis
Authors: Lacerda de Oliveira Campos Bruno , Oliveira Souza da Costa Andréa , Herrera Delgado Karla , Pitter Stephan , Sauer Jörg , Ferreira da Costa Junior Esly
Published: January 2024

Speeding up microkinetic modeling by a surrogate artificial neural network.
Nanoscale water–polymer interactions tune macroscopic diffusivity of water in aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) solutions
Authors: Moon Joshua D. , Webber Thomas R. , Brown Dennis Robinson , Richardson Peter M. , Casey Thomas M. , Segalman Rachel A. , Shell M. Scott , Han Songi
Published: January 2024

PEO restructures water near the polymer, reducing free volume and slowing local water.
Exploring a new short-wavelength nonlinear optical fluoride material featuring unprecedented polar cis-[Zr6F34]10− clusters
Authors: Yan Mei , Tang Ru-Ling , Yao Wen-Dong , Liu Wenlong , Guo Sheng-Ping
Published: January 2024

The new zirconium fluoride, K3Ba2Zr6F31, is reported, featuring unprecedented acentric cis-[Zr6F34]10− clusters composed of ZrF8 units, which display a moderate second-harmonic generation response (0.5 × KH2PO4) and short UV cutoff edge (below 200 nm).
Decentralised production of e-fuels for aviation: implications and trade-offs of a targeted small-scale production of sustainable aviation fuel based on Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Meurer Andreas , Jochem Patrick , Kern Jürgen
Published: January 2024

The introduction of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is expected to play an important role in the decarbonisation of the aviation sector.
Prebaking of an SnS source with sulfur for achieving higher photovoltaic performance in VTD-SnS thin films for solar cells
Authors: Yadav Rahul Kumar , Pawar Pravin S. , Kim Yong Tae , Sharma Indu , Heo Jaeyeong
Published: January 2024

We prepared a prebaked (SnS + S) source absorber which results in suppressing the deep level and interface defects. The device showed a 42% enhancement in the performance compared to the reference absorber-based device without prebaking.
Integration of a composite polymer electrolyte and Se/C cathodes toward high-performance all-solid-state Li–Se batteries
Authors: Hong Tae Hwa , Kim Jea Duk , Lee Jung Seok , Choi Yujin , Jung Han Young , Lee Yoon Hak , Hwang Sung Yeon , Eom KwangSup , Lee Jung Tae
Published: January 2024

The coupling of composite polymer electrolytes with Se/C cathodes was achieved in this study to address the needs of modern solid-state batteries, including high-energy density, low temperature operation, cycle stability, and ease of manufacture.
Engineering the heterogeneous catalyst of protonic ceramic electrochemical cells for CO2/H2O co-electrolysis
Authors: Choi Mingi , Kim Donguk , Lee Cheong Beom , Baek Jongmin , Bang Sehee , Jung Yuhan , Hong Kyungpyo , Hong Jongsup , Chen Di , Kim Kyeounghak , Lee Wonyoung
Published: January 2024

Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) are highly promising electrochemical devices for CO2/H2O co-electrolysis reactions.
Biocatalytic nitric oxide generating hydrogels with enhanced anti-inflammatory, cell migration, and angiogenic capabilities for wound healing applications
Authors: Le Thi Phuong , Tran Dieu Linh , Park Kyung Min , Lee Simin , Oh Dong Hwan , Park Ki Dong
Published: January 2024

In situ nitric oxide generation from copper-containing hydrogel enhances anti-inflammatory, cell migration, and angiogenic processes for promoted wound healing.
A light-sensitive protein-based wearable pH biometer
Authors: Li Wenxue , Chen Siyuan , Xie Shiwang , Lu Xianmao , Li Zhou , Lv Yujia , Luo Dan
Published: January 2024

A bR-based wearable pH biometer is fabricated to monitor infected wound. Under illumination, bR generate a positive photovoltage (Vp) and negative photovoltage (Vn), and the ratio (Vn/Vp) present a linear relationship in the pH range of 4.0–10.0.
Evaluating spatial material distributions: adopting geospatial entropy definitions into resource management
Authors: Moyaert Cristina , Nimmegeers Philippe , Mellouk Bilal , Voordeckers Dimitri , De Meulenaere Paul , Billen Pieter
Published: January 2024

A viewpoint is presented on how geospatial entropy definitions support resource management decisions, such as the location of recycling facilities.
O que fazer, quando e como? e-globulus, plataforma web de apoio à gestão ativa de povoamentos de eucalipto em Portugal
Authors: Quintela Ana , Fernandes Célia , Gaspar João , Fabres Sérgio
Published: January 2024

Cerca de 36% do território continental português é florestal, com mais de 800 mil hectares ocupados com eucalipto, maioritariamente Eucalyptus globulus, embora se reconheça que grande parte careça de gestão. O aumento desejável da área com gestão ativa e da melhoria da produtividade dos povoamentos requer conhecimento científico de suporte às operações florestais que maximizem o potencial do terreno e assegurem a sustentabilidade dos serviços ecossistémicos.

A plataforma e-globulus (www.e-globulus.pt) está disponível desde agosto de 2019 e é uma ferramenta inovadora na disseminação do conhecimento em silvicultura e eucalipto em Portugal. Disponibiliza automaticamente indicações técnicas silvícolas de acordo com as características do povoamento e a sua localização (base em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica). A plataforma é de acesso gratuito e serve produtores florestais, organizações de produtores florestais, grupos de certificação e outras entidades do setor florestal, academia e público em geral. A floresta nacional de eucalipto é responsável por fornecer matéria-prima a um setor competitivo e de elevado valor acrescentado pelo que a redução da área não gerida potenciará ganhos económicos, sociais e ambientais e uma redução do défice estrutural na oferta de madeira de eucalipto em Portugal. A plataforma tem potencial colaborativo pois facilita a interação entre os diferentes agentes do setor florestal.
Effect of nitrogen and boron fertilisation on juvenile stone pine growth. A pot experiment
Authors: Sempiterno Cristina , Fernandes Rui , Marcelo Maria da Encarnação
Published: January 2024

At the establishment stage of a forest plantation, soil nutritional limitations can lead to insufficient plant growth and predispose plants to biotic and abiotic damages. Adequate plant nutrition contributes to proper plant establishment and subsequent growth. Nitrogen (N) and boron (B), among others, are essential nutrients for plant vigour and growth, and their requirements need to be established. However, there is a lack of information concerning post-transplant fertilisation of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.).

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of N and B applications on the vegetative growth of stone pine during the first three years in a conditioned environment. Morphological characteristics such as height growth (HGI), root collar diameter (RCDI), total branches length (TBL) and terminal buds length (BL) were evaluated for each plant, as well as the aboveground and root biomass production. The results showed that N fertilisation caused an increase in all growth variables suggesting that the application of N at a juvenile stage (after transplanting) of this specie will improve its development and obtain a reserve of this nutrient to be used by the plant at later stages of development, especially in soils with low fertility. Boron application had no effect on the evaluated parameters.
Nasal Obstruction: Overview of Pathophysiology and Presentation of a Clinically Relevant Preoperative Plan for Rhino(Septo)plasty
Authors: Snoeks Simon , Velasco Enrique , Talavera Karel , Hellings Peter W.
Published: January 2024

Impairment of nasal breathing is a highly prevalent and bothersome symptom that affects daily functioning and/or sleep quality. Those surgeons dealing with patients seeking rhinoplasty need to carefully analyze the preoperative nasal breathing capacity and predict the positive or even negative impact of rhino(septo)plasty on nasal breathing. Given the lack of correlation between the subjective feeling of suboptimal nasal breathing and the objective measurements of nasal flow and nasal resistance, a critical and mainly clinical evaluation of all anatomical, mucosal, and sensory mechanisms involved in nasal obstruction is mandatory. Indeed, thermo-, mechano-, and chemosensory receptors on the nasal mucosa, airflow, and respiratory dynamics might all contribute to the overall perception of nasal breathing capacity. In this review, we provide an overview of the factors determining suboptimal nasal breathing including different diagnostic and experimental tests that can be performed to evaluate nasal flow and nasal resistance and current limitations in our understanding of the problem of nasal breathing in an individual patient. An algorithm for the preoperative or diagnostic workup for nasal obstruction is included that might be useful as a guide for clinicians dealing with patients seeking nose surgery.
Shifting Paradigms and Arising Concerns in Severe Hemophilia A Treatment
Authors: Chandran Rubhan , Tohit Eusni R. Mohd. , Stanslas Johnson , Salim Norazlinaliza , Mahmood Tuan M.T. , Rajagopal Mogana
Published: January 2024

The management of hemophilia A has undergone a remarkable revolution, in line with technological advancement. In the recent past, the primary concern associated with Factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates was the risk of infections, which is now almost resolved by advanced blood screening and viral inactivation methods. Improving patients' compliance with prophylaxis has become a key focus, as it can lead to improved health outcomes and reduced health care costs in the long term. Recent bioengineering research is directed toward prolonging the recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) coagulant activity and synthesising higher FVIII yields. As an outcome, B-domain deleted, polyethylene glycolated, single-chain, Fc-fused rFVIII, and rFVIIIFc-von Willebrand Factor-XTEN are available for patients. Moreover, emicizumab, a bispecific antibody, is commercially available, whereas fitusiran and tissue factor pathway inhibitor are in clinical trial stages as alternative strategies for patients with inhibitors. With these advancements, noninfectious complications, such as inhibitor development, allergic reactions, and thrombosis, are emerging concerns requiring careful management. In addition, the recent approval of gene therapy is a major milestone toward a permanent cure for hemophilia A. The vast array of treatment options at our disposal today empowers patients and providers alike, to tailor therapeutic regimens to the unique needs of each individual. Despite significant progress in modern treatment options, these highly effective therapies are markedly more expensive than conventional replacement therapy, limiting their access for patients in developing countries.
Navigating the perils of artificial intelligence: a focused review on ChatGPT and responsible research and innovation
Authors: Polyportis Athanasios , Pahos Nikolaos
Published: January 2024

While the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) tools holds promise for delivering benefits, it is important to acknowledge the associated risks of their deployment. In this article, we conduct a focused literature review to address two central research inquiries concerning ChatGPT and similar AI tools. Firstly, we examine the potential pitfalls linked with the development and implementation of ChatGPT across the individual, organizational, and societal levels. Secondly, we explore the role of a multi-stakeholder responsible research and innovation framework in guiding chatbots’ sustainable development and utilization. Drawing inspiration from responsible research and innovation and stakeholder theory principles, we underscore the necessity of comprehensive ethical guidelines to navigate the design, inception, and utilization of emerging AI innovations. The findings of the focused review shed light on the potential perils of ChatGPT implementation across various societal levels, including issues such as devaluation of relationships, unemployment, privacy concerns, bias, misinformation, and digital inequities. Furthermore, the proposed multi-stakeholder Responsible Research and Innovation framework can empower AI stakeholders to proactively anticipate and deliberate upon AI’s ethical, social, and environmental implications, thus substantially contributing to the pursuit of responsible AI implementation.
The role of international education on public diplomacy: the case of Kosovo International Summer Academy
Authors: Hajdari Labinot , Krasniqi Judita , Limani Blerim , Limani Emira , Chen Alex
Published: January 2024

Through international education programs such as the Kosovo International Summer Academy (KSA), countries aim to change their image, influence, and shift the perception and attitudes of international students towards the host country. In this article, we analyze the role of KSA in bringing international students to Kosovo and the changes in KSA students’ perceptions, beliefs, and evaluations of Kosovo after visiting the country. We analyze the results based on how often KSA students have been to Kosovo, their most significant impressions, their attitude before and after visiting the country, and whether they would return to Kosovo after exposure to the information in KSA. Our findings suggest that after coming to Kosovo, KSA students evaluate Kosovo more positively compared to their opinion before participating in KSA. In turn, this suggests that international education programs may be a viable strategy for improving the image and public perceptions of small states facing similar state-building and diplomatic challenges as Kosovo.
Cultural schemas and folk-belief: an insight into the belief in worshiping the Mother Goddess in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Ly Thi Phuong , Phan Tan Hoang , Nguyen Nhu Vo Tam
Published: January 2024

Religious belief, as noted by scholars like Émile Durkheim (1858–1917), Max Weber (1864–1920), Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), and William James (1842–1910), reflects shared values, shapes human conduct, and provides spiritual strength. Furthermore, it is considered a template that expresses the basic spiritual needs and aspirations of human life, containing many cultural values and characteristics of the thinking of ethnic communities. Moreover, people perceive everything by schemas formed in memory. In this study, the authors chose the subject of the belief in worshiping the Mother Goddess—one of the most popular and ancient beliefs in Vietnam and inscribed by UNESCO as a Representative Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016. Employing a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveys, linguistic materials, and field research, the study explores how Vietnamese cultural beliefs shape perception, behavior, and lifestyle. Therefore, understanding and analyzing the characteristics of the beliefs in worshiping the Mother Goddess through the lens of Cultural Linguistics can present the actual spiritual experiences of Vietnamese people. From this unique perspective, the process of perceiving the world has meaning to the language and behavior of a community culture.
Unraveling the influence of income-based ambient population heterogeneity on theft spatial patterns: insights from mobile phone big data analysis
Authors: Xu Chong , He Zhenhao , Song Guangwen , Chen Debao
Published: January 2024

While previous research has underscored the profound influence of the ambient population distribution on the spatial dynamics of crime, the exploration regarding the impact of heterogeneity within the ambient population, such as different income groups, on crime is still in its infancy. With the support of mobile phone big data, this study constructs an index of ambient population heterogeneity to represent the complexity of the social environment. After controlling for the effects of total ambient population, nonlocal rate, transportation accessibility, crime attractors, and crime generators, this study employs a negative binomial regression model to examine the influence of ambient population heterogeneity and different income groups on the spatial manifestations of thefts. The findings indicate that ambient population heterogeneity significantly escalates the incidence of thefts, with middle and upper-middle-income groups acting as more attractive targets, whereas the higher-income group exerts a deterrent effect. The interaction analysis shows that increased population heterogeneity contributes to social disorder, thereby amplifying the attractiveness of the ambient population to perpetrators. These conclusions highlight the crucial role of ambient population heterogeneity in explaining crime dynamics and therefore enrich the routine activity theory.
The Coriolis effect and coupled oscillations in a rotating swings amusement ride
Authors: Schilder Jurnan P , Pendrill Ann-Marie
Published: January 2024

Rotating swings are found in many different versions in parks around the world. They are beautiful examples of the equivalence between gravitational and inertial mass: empty swings and swings with heavy adults hang at the same angle to the vertical. However, sometimes one can notice empty swings moving in a different pattern in an outdoor ride, where wind can induce additional motion, sideways or back to front—in addition to any oscillations caused by a tilted carousel head. This paper focuses on oscillations for the simpler case of a non-tilting roof. Even for this case, the oscillating motion is found to be complicated by the Coriolis effect, which leads to a gyroscopic coupling between sideways oscillations and back-to-front oscillations. This coupling is illustrated for a few special cases.
Numerical eigenanalysis of continuum geodesic acoustic mode by ideal magnetohydrodynamic model
Authors: Guo W , Ma J
Published: January 2024

In this study, we have developed a new eigenvalue code to solve the three-variables ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equation in flux coordinate system with the help of a symbolic vector analysis module and an automatic numerical discretization module, which were developed with the use of symbolic computation technique and were greatly facilitated the development of toroidal full MHD eigenvalue code SCELT. It has been used to solve for unstable modes and the present work is dedicated to the more difficult challenge of MHD continua, which ordinarily come with spatial singularities. With this new code, we were able to perform numerical calculations to determine the continuum spectrum of geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs), as well as obtain eigenfunctions for both the perturbed plasma displacement and perturbed magnetic field, incorporating a sufficient number of components. Through our global calculations, we have provided numerical evidence of singularities in the eigenfunctions, characterized by the type

s
−

s
0

−
1

and

In

s
−

s
0

. Moreover, we have examined the spatial variations of GAM fluctuations in regions both near and far from the singular surface. Here

s

represents a flux function that characterizes the magnetic flux surfaces and

s
=

s
0

defines the singular surface. Additionally, we have investigated the effects of finite aspect ratio, non-circular cross sections as well as the asymmetry on the frequency and eigenfunction of continuum GAMs through numerical analysis.
A self-recoverable negative stiffness metamaterial with enhanced bearing and energy dissipation capacity
Authors: Lv Weitao , Li Dong , Ren Xin
Published: January 2024

Because of their desirable properties, mechanical metamaterials have drawn increasing attention. Negative stiffness (NS) metamaterials can be used as reusable energy dissipation devices, but they usually have low bearing capacity. In this study, a self-recoverable NS structure with enhanced bearing and energy dissipation capacity was proposed. It breaks free from the size limitations of curved beams or thin rods, and can have high bearing and energy dissipation capacity through the mutual extrusion and friction between the snap plug and the layered snap groove. The mechanical properties of the proposed NS structure were studied by finite element analysis and experiments. The reusability of the structure was verified by cyclic loading experiments. The results show that compared with the traditional curved beam NS structure and the previously self-recoverable NS structure, the bearing and energy dissipation capacity of the proposed structure have been greatly improved.
Long-term Evolution of Solar Activity and Prediction of the Following Solar Cycles
Authors: Luo Pei-Xin , Tan Bao-Lin
Published: January 2024

Solar activities have a great impact on modern high-tech systems, such as human aerospace activities, satellite communication and navigation, deep space exploration, and related scientific research. Therefore, studying the long-term evolution trend of solar activity and accurately predicting the future solar cycles are highly anticipated. Based on the wavelet transform and empirical function fitting of the longest recorded data of the annual average relative sunspot number (ASN) series of 323 yr to date, this work decisively verifies the existence of the solar century cycles and confirms that its length is about 104.0 yr, and the magnitude has a slightly increasing trend on the timescale of several hundred years. Based on this long-term evolutionary trend, we predict solar cycles 25 and 26 by using phase similar prediction methods. As for solar cycle 25, its maximum ASN will be about 146.7 ± 33.40, obviously stronger than solar cycle 24. The peak year will occur approximately in 2024, and the period will be about 11 ± 1 yr. As for solar cycle 26, it will start around 2030, and reach its maximum between 2035 and 2036, with maximum ASN of about 133.0 ± 3.200, and period of about 10 yr.
Effect of fillers on the piezocapacitive behaviour of silicone rubber particulate composites
Authors: Shankar B S Manohar , Kulkarni S M
Published: January 2024

Robotics and fluid dynamics applications have created demand for development of electronic skins with embedded pressure sensors. These applications require simple and low-cost fabrication processes with large area deployment. Both structured and unstructured material approaches to sensor development have been followed. Among the various sensing mechanisms, piezo capacitive transduction is superior. This paper reports the influence of fillers on the piezo capacitive characteristics of unstructured solid silicone rubber composites. Dielectric, conductive and conductive-dielectric fillers were incorporated into solid silicone rubber and fabricated using high temperature compression moulding to form dielectric-dielectric, conductive-dielectric and conductive-dielectric dielectric composites. The results reveal that piezo capacitive sensitivity varies with filler type, filler loading, curing agent loading, mixing time and curing temperature. The experiments reveal improved normalized capacitance with pressure characteristics of linearity and sensitivity of 3.9 × 10−3 (kPa)−1 in the 0–20 kPa range of pressure. These composites are thus candidate materials for flexible pressure sensing applications.