bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double‐Tailed Single‐Head Amino Acid‐Based Chiral Cationic Amphiphilic Molecules: Synthesis, Characterization, and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Olutas Elif Berna , Taskesen Teoman , Kartal Necla Büşra
Published: August 2019

Two double‐tailed single‐head amino acid‐based chiral cationic amphiphilic molecules, l‐aspartic acid hydrochloride dihexylester (L‐ADHE, C6–C6) and l‐aspartic acid hydrochloride dioctylester (L‐ADOE, C8–C8), were synthesized. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) were used to characterize the structures of the esters. Micellization, surface, and structural properties of L‐ADHE and L‐ADOE in aqueous solution were studied by means of a number of techniques including conductivity, pH, surface tension, density, zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of L‐ADHE and L‐ADOE were found to be very low compared with those of corresponding single‐tailed amino acid‐based amphiphilic molecules. The pKa values of L‐ADHE and L‐ADOE in aqueous solutions were determined via pH measurements, and it was observed that they had acidic properties giving low pKa values. The excellent adsorption behaviors at the air/water interface of L‐ADHE and L‐ADOE in aqueous medium were obtained, i.e. they efficiently lowered the surface tension of water at CMC down approximately to 24.3 and 23.4 mN m−1, respectively. From the density measurements, the volume change due to the micellization process for L‐ADOE was found to be quite high compared to L‐ADHE, i.e. about three times more. This result and the data obtained from the DLS revealed that the increase in aggregated structures of L‐ADOE may be due to vesicle formation. The dye solubilization study was performed by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy for L‐ADHE. Besides, the CMC value of L‐ADHE was also successfully determined without using any dye through UV–vis spectroscopy.
Frailty as a predictor of outcomes in patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery
Authors: Goldstein David P. , Sklar Michael C. , de Almeida John R. , Gilbert Ralph , Gullane Patrick , Irish Jonathan , Brown Dale , Higgins Kevin , Enepekides Danny , Xu Wei , Su Jie , Alibhai Shabbir M.H.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To evaluate whether frailty and functional measures are predictors of perioperative complications and length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery.

Study Design

Prospective study.

Methods

Patients 50 years and older undergoing major head and neck cancer surgery between 2011 and 2015 preoperatively completed Fried's Frailty Index, Barthel Index, Lawton‐Brody questionnaire and Vulnerable Elders Survey‐13. Primary outcome measures were postoperative complications and LOS, which were analyzed using multivariable logistic and linear regression models.

Results

There were 274 patients recruited (105 aged 50–64 and 169 aged 65 and older). Of these, 119, 132, and 23 were defined as non‐frail, pre‐frail, and frail, respectively. Frailty score and functional measures were not predictors of overall complications. In multivariable models, frailty score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.78, P = .025) was a predictor of medical complications and Clavien‐Dindo Grade III and higher complications independent of age and comorbidity. Higher frailty score (β = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02–1.12, P = .0025) and less independence on the Lawton Brody (β = −0.08; 95% CI, −0.11 to −0.05, P < .001) and Barthel Index (β = −0.12; 95% CI, −0.19 to −0.06, P < .001) were predictors of increased LOS.

Conclusions

Frailty was a predictor of type and severity of complications. Both frailty and measures of independence in activities of daily living were independent predictors of LOS. Frailty and functional assessment can help surgeons identify patients at risk of adverse postoperative outcomes and thus aid in counselling patients as well as identifying patients that may benefit from comprehensive geriatric assessment and targeted interventions.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis study 2b

Laryngoscope, 130:E340–E345, 2020
Electromagnetic interference suppression in stacked patch antenna using complementary split ring resonator
Authors: Ramanujam Parthasarathy , Venkatesan P.G. Ramesh , Arumugam Chandrasekar
Published: August 2019

A novel attempt is made by creating the stacked sequences of two different frequencies that provide the intended performance by suppressing the harmonic interferences between them. This electromagnetic interference (EMI) is suppressed in stacked system by incorporating the circular complementary split ring resonator (CCSRR) in the ground plane. The proposed system consists of two patch antennas operating at 2 GHz and 4 GHz with CCSRR for harmonic suppression. The lower rung antenna operates at 2 GHz fed by inset feeding and the top rung antenna operates at 4 GHz fed by coaxial feeding such that both radiators share a common ground plane. The lower rung antenna (2 GHz) has its first harmonic at 4.02 GHz with the magnitude of 11.5 dB that ensue an EMI to the other antenna operating at 4 GHz (top rung antenna in the stacked system). By introducing the CCSRR beneath the microstrip feed line (2 GHz), the EMI is suppressed. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. Moreover, the proposed antenna finds its application in radar target scanning, narrow band channel selector, and low power narrow band wireless receivers.
Technical Note: Experimental characterization of the dose deposition in parallel MRI‐linacs at various magnetic field strengths
Authors: Begg Jarrad , Alnaghy Sarah J. , Causer Trent , Alharthi Thahabah , George Armia , Glaubes Laura , Dong Bin , Goozee Gary , Keall Paul , Jelen Urszula , Liney Gary , Holloway Lois
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Dose deposition measurements for parallel MRI‐linacs have previously only shown comparisons between 0 T and a single available magnetic field. The Australian MRI‐Linac consists of a magnet coupled with a dual energy linear accelerator and a 120 leaf Multi‐Leaf Collimator with the radiation beam parallel to the magnetic field. Two different magnets, with field strengths of 1 and 1.5 T, were used during prototyping. This work aims to characterize the impact of the magnetic field at 1 and 1.5 T on dose deposition, possible by comparing dosimetry measured at both magnetic field strengths to measurements without the magnetic field.

Methods

Dose deposition measurements focused on a comparison of beam quality (TPR20/10), PDD, profiles at various depths, surface doses, and field size output factors. Measurements were acquired at 0, 1, and 1.5 T. Beam quality was measured using an ion chamber in solid water at isocenter with appropriate TPR20/10 buildup. PDDs and profiles were acquired via EBT3 film placed in solid water either parallel or perpendicular to the radiation beam. Films at surface were used to determine surface dose. Output factors were measured in solid water using an ion chamber at isocenter with 10 cm solid water buildup.

Results

Beam quality was within ±0.5% of the 0 T value for the 1 and 1.5 T magnetic field strengths. PDDs and profiles showed agreement for the three magnetic field strengths at depths beyond 20 mm. Deposited dose increased at shallower depths due to electron focusing. Output factors showed agreement within 1%.

Conclusion

Dose deposition at depth for a parallel MRI‐linac was not significantly impacted by either a 1 or 1.5 T magnetic field. PDDs and profiles at shallow depths and surface dose measurements showed significant differences between 0, 1, and 1.5 T due to electron focusing.
MRI‐related FDA adverse event reports: A 10‐yr review
Authors: Delfino Jana G. , Krainak Daniel M. , Flesher Stephanie A. , Miller Donald L.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

To provide an overview of the types of adverse events reported to the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for magnetic resonance (MR) systems over a 10‐yr period.

Methods

Two reviewers independently reviewed adverse events reported to FDA for MR systems from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017 and manually categorized events into eight event types. Thermal events were further subcategorized by probable cause. Objects that became projectiles were also categorized.

Results

FDA received 1568 adverse event reports for MR systems between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2017. This analysis included 1548 reports. Thermal events were the most commonly reported serious injury (59% of analyzed reports). Mechanical events — defined as slips, falls, crush injuries, broken bones, and cuts; musculoskeletal injuries from lifting or movement of the device — (11%), projectile events (9%), and acoustic events (6%) were also observed.

Conclusions

Adverse events related to MR systems consistent with the known hazards of the MR environment continue to be reported to FDA. Increased awareness of the types of adverse events occurring for MR imaging systems is important for prevention.
Practical considerations for territorial perfusion mapping in the cerebral circulation using super‐selective pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling
Authors: Schollenberger Jonas , Figueroa C. Alberto , Nielsen Jon‐Fredrik , Hernandez‐Garcia Luis
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This paper discusses several challenges faced by super‐selective pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling, which is used to quantify territorial perfusion in the cerebral circulation. The effects of off‐resonance, pulsatility, vessel movement, and label rotation scheme are investigated, and methods to maximize labeling efficiency and overall image quality are evaluated. A strategy to calculate the territorial perfusion fractions of individual vessels is proposed.

Methods

The effects of off‐resonance, label rotation scheme, and vessel movement on labeling efficiency were simulated. Two off‐resonance compensation strategies (multiphase prescan, field map), cardiac triggering, and vessel movement were studied in vivo in a group of 10 subjects. Subsequently, a territorial perfusion fraction map was acquired in 2 subjects based on the mean vessel labeling efficiency.

Results

Multiphase calibration provided the highest labeling efficiency (P = .002) followed by the field map compensation (P = .037) compared with the uncompensated acquisition. Cardiac triggering resulted in a qualitative improvement of the image and an increase in signal contrast between the perfusion territory and the surrounding tissue (P = .010) but failed to show a significant change in temporal and spatial SNR. The constant clockwise label rotation scheme yielded the highest labeling efficiency. Significant vessel movement (>2 mm according to simulations) was observed in 50% of subjects. The measured territorial perfusion fractions showed good agreement with anatomical data.

Conclusion

Optimized labeling efficiency resulted in increased image quality and accuracy of territorial perfusion fraction maps. Labeling efficiency depends critically on off‐resonance calibration, cardiac triggering, optimal label rotation scheme, and vessel location tracking.
Fat/water separation in k‐space with real‐valued estimates and its combination with POCS
Authors: Berglund Johan , Rydén Henric , Avventi Enrico , Norbeck Ola , Sprenger Tim , Skare Stefan
Published: August 2019

Purpose

To develop reconstruction methods for improved image quality of chemical shift displacement‐corrected fat/water imaging combined with partial Fourier acquisition.

Theory

Fat/water separation in k‐space enables correction of chemical shift displacement. Modeling fat and water as real‐valued rather than complex improves the conditionality of the inverse problem. This advantage becomes essential for k‐space separation. In this work, it was described how to perform regularized fat/water imaging with real estimates in k‐space, and how fat/water imaging can be combined with partial Fourier reconstruction using Projection Onto Convex Sets (POCS).

Methods

The reconstruction methods were demonstrated on chemical shift encoded gradient echo and fast spin echo data from volunteers, acquired at 1.5 T and 3 T. Both fully sampled and partial Fourier acquisitions were made. Data was retrospectively rejected from the fully sampled dataset to evaluate POCS and homodyne reconstruction.

Results

Fat/water separation in k‐space eliminated chemical shift displacement, while real‐valued estimates considerably reduced the noise amplification compared to complex estimates. POCS reconstruction could recover high spatial frequency information in the fat and water images with lower reconstruction error than homodyne. Partial Fourier in the readout direction enabled more flexible choice of gradient echo imaging parameters, in particular image resolution.

Conclusion

Chemical shift displacement‐corrected fat/water imaging can be performed with regularization and real‐valued estimates to improve image quality by reducing ill‐conditioning of the inverse problem in k‐space. Fat/water imaging can be combined with POCS, which offers improved image quality over homodyne reconstruction.
Chronic low back pain beliefs and management practices in Africa: Time for a rethink?
Authors: Ahenkorah Josephine , Moffatt Fiona , Diver Claire , Ampiah Paapa Kwesi
Published: August 2019

Background

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) beliefs are important psychosocial risk factors affecting the occurrence and progression of CLBP. To address pain beliefs and implement recommended biopsychosocial approaches for CLBP management, an understanding of the beliefs of patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs), and also CLBP management practices, is necessary. A narrative review was conducted to explore CLBP beliefs and practices in African countries.

Methods

Two systematic searches were conducted using seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL Plus, AMED, PubMed and Web of Science) with combined variations of the terms “Management”, “Guidelines”, “Chronic Low Back Pain”, “Beliefs”, “Patients”, “Healthcare Professionals” and “Africa”.

Results

Five studies and one standard treatment guideline document were included. No systematically developed African CLBP treatment guideline was found, although CLBP practices were identified in two African countries. CLBP management in African countries appears to be biomedically orientated. Only three research articles investigated the CLBP beliefs of patients in Africa, with none assessing HCP beliefs. Unhelpful CLBP beliefs (catastrophizing and fear avoidance) and biomedical thoughts about the causes of CLBP were identified. Unhelpful CLBP beliefs were associated with increased disability.

Conclusions

Management practices for CLBP in African countries appear to contradict recommended biopsychosocial management guidelines by developed countries and are not sufficiently documented. Research on CLBP beliefs and CLBP management practices in Africa is lacking. To enhance the uptake of biopsychosocial approach in Africa, research around CLBP beliefs in African CLBP patients and HCPs is required.
Hierarchically coordinated economic MPC plantwide control of mixed continuous‐batch units in process industries with application to a beet sugar plant
Authors: Mazaeda Rogelio , Cristea Smaranda P. , de Prada César
Published: August 2019

This paper deals with the optimal operation of processes that combine batch and continuous units. The proposed approach is based on a hierarchical architecture with two layers. The lower layer manages the optimal operation of the batch units in a noncentralized fashion, whereas the upper layer is concerned with the scheduling of the batch units and with their smooth integration with the continuous ones. The strategy has been applied to a challenging problem found at the interface of the fed‐batch crystallizers with the upstream evaporation section in beet sugar factories. The presented approach aims at designing a system that can effectively perform the plantwide economic optimization, specifically addressing the issue of energy efficiency, while complying with all process and operational constraints.
3D printing hybrid organometallic polymer‐based biomaterials via laser two‐photon polymerization
Authors: Balčiūnas Evaldas , Baldock Sara J , Dreižė Nadežda , Grubliauskaitė Monika , Coultas Sarah , Rochester David L , Valius Mindaugas , Hardy John G , Baltriukienė Daiva
Published: August 2019

Materials with microscale structures are gaining increasing interest due to their range of technical and medical applications. Additive manufacturing approaches to such objects via laser two‐photon polymerization, also known as multiphoton fabrication, enable the creation of new materials with diverse and tunable properties. Here, we investigate the properties of 3D structures composed of organometallic polymers incorporating aluminium, titanium, vanadium and zirconium. The organometallic polymer‐based materials were analysed using a variety of techniques including SEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and contact angle measurements and their biocompatibility was tested in vitro. Cell viability and mode of death were determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Polymers incorporating Al, Ti and Zr supported cell adhesion and proliferation, and showed low toxicity in vitro, whereas the organometallic polymer incorporating V was shown to be cytotoxic. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry suggested that leaching of the V from the organometallic polymer is the likely cause of this. The preparation of the organometallic polymers is straightforward and both simple 2D and complex 3D structures can be fabricated with ease. Resolution tests of the newly developed organometallic polymer incorporating Al show that suspended lines with widths down to 200 nm can be fabricated. We believe that the materials described in this work show promising properties for the development of objects with sub‐micron features for biomedical applications (e.g. biosensors, drug delivery devices, tissue scaffolds etc.). © 2019 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Gelation via cationic chelation/crosslinking of acrylic‐acid‐based polymers
Authors: Magami Saminu M , Williams Rhodri L
Published: August 2019

The gelation characteristics of acrylic‐acid‐based polymers in the presence of a range of cationic species, namely Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+, were investigated using in situ rheological measurements during photo‐polymerisation. Fourier transform mechanical spectroscopy was used to identify the gel point, using the Winter–Chambon criteria which allow the gel point to be pinpointed by establishing the sample spanning network and quantitatively determining stiffness, relaxation exponent, gel stiffness and fractal dimensions. The results showed that the gelation processes were greatly influenced by the type of cationic species that was used in the syntheses. At the gel point, more open network clusters were formed when Al3+ cations were used instead of Ca2+ cations or Mg2+ cations, all relating to chloride salts. Although the concentrations of the chelating/crosslinking aluminium species affected the kinetics of the gelation, the critical gel characteristics were hardly affected. Also the solubility of the chosen aluminium salt was shown to dictate the crosslinking rates and the properties of the critical gels. The extents of the reactions and the types of network formed at the gel point and beyond indicated that reactions between the Al3+ ions and COOH sites, from growing poly(acrylic acid) molecular chains, differ from those exhibited by Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. All of the chelation/crosslinking reactions met the criteria of low mutation number (Nmu), such that in all cases Nmu ≪ 1. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Protein Paucimannosylation Is an Enriched N‐Glycosylation Signature of Human Cancers
Authors: Chatterjee Sayantani , Lee Ling Y. , Kawahara Rebeca , Abrahams Jodie L. , Adamczyk Barbara , Anugraham Merrina , Ashwood Christopher , Sumer‐Bayraktar Zeynep , Briggs Matthew T. , Chik Jenny H. L. , Everest‐Dass Arun , Förster Sarah , Hinneburg Hannes , Leite Katia R. M. , Loke Ian , Möginger Uwe , Moh Edward S. X. , Nakano Miyako , Recuero Saulo , Sethi Manveen K. , Srougi Miguel , Stavenhagen Kathrin , Venkatakrishnan Vignesh , Wongtrakul‐Kish Katherine , Diestel Simone , Hoffmann Peter , Karlsson Niclas G. , Kolarich Daniel , Molloy Mark P. , Muders Michael H. , Oehler Martin K. , Packer Nicolle H. , Palmisano Giuseppe , Thaysen‐Andersen Morten
Published: August 2019

While aberrant protein glycosylation is a recognized characteristic of human cancers, advances in glycoanalytics continue to discover new associations between glycoproteins and tumorigenesis. This glycomics‐centric study investigates a possible link between protein paucimannosylation, an under‐studied class of human N‐glycosylation [Man1‐3GlcNAc2Fuc0‐1], and cancer. The paucimannosidic glycans (PMGs) of 34 cancer cell lines and 133 tissue samples spanning 11 cancer types and matching non‐cancerous specimens are profiled from 467 published and unpublished PGC‐LC‐MS/MS N‐glycome datasets collected over a decade. PMGs, particularly Man2‐3GlcNAc2Fuc1, are prominent features of 29 cancer cell lines, but the PMG level varies dramatically across and within the cancer types (1.0–50.2%). Analyses of paired (tumor/non‐tumor) and stage‐stratified tissues demonstrate that PMGs are significantly enriched in tumor tissues from several cancer types including liver cancer (p = 0.0033) and colorectal cancer (p = 0.0017) and is elevated as a result of prostate cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia progression (p < 0.05). Surface expression of paucimannosidic epitopes is demonstrated on human glioblastoma cells using immunofluorescence while biosynthetic involvement of N‐acetyl‐β‐hexosaminidase is indicated by quantitative proteomics. This intriguing association between protein paucimannosylation and human cancers warrants further exploration to detail the biosynthesis, cellular location(s), protein carriers, and functions of paucimannosylation in tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Synthesis and properties of a high‐performance pyrimidine‐containing self‐catalyzed phthalonitrile polymer
Authors: Xu Jianjun , Wang Haifeng , Zhang Zhenjiang , Yang Kaixiong , Li Peixian , Chen Xinggang , Yu Xiaoyan , Naito Kimiyoshi , Zhang Qingxin
Published: August 2019

A self‐catalytic monomer of phthalonitrile, 2‐amino‐4,6‐bis[3‐(3,4‐dicyano‐phenoxy)phenoxy] pyrimidine (ACPP), was synthesized by a one‐pot method with resorcinol, 2‐amino‐4,6‐dichloropyrimidine, and 4‐nitrophthalonitrile. The chemical structure of the ACPP monomer was characterized by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The curing behavior of ACPP monomer was studied by differential scanning calorimetric, which indicated that the ACPP monomer had a low melting point (84 °C) and revealed an autocatalytic reaction and tremendously wide processing window (193 °C). Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and FTIR analyses were employed to explore the microstructure of the ACPP polymers. The properties of the three polymers with different curing procedures were investigated, which implied that the ACPP polymers exhibited excellent thermal stability, high modulus, superior glass‐transition temperature (Tg > 400 °C), and low water absorption with the increase in curing extent. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2287–2294
Poly(l‐glutamic acid)‐based micellar hydrogel with improved mechanical performance and proteins loading
Authors: Yu Xi , Zhang Kunxi , Kong Xiaobo , Yin Jingbo
Published: August 2019

Soft tissues, such as fat and skin, present high flexibility and are capable of withstanding large deformation in various functions. Hydrogels that can resemble the mechanical performance of soft tissue are unique and widely demanded. In this study, micellar hydrogels based on biocompatible poly(l‐glutamic acid) (PLGA) were designed with the enhanced capacity to bear large deformation. Amphipathic triblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate‐co‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐co‐poly (ethylene glycol) acrylate (APEG‐PCL‐APEG) with two terminal double bonds was synthesized and self‐assembled into micelles. At the same time, graft copolymers, poly(l‐glutamic acid)‐g‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PLGA‐g‐HEMA) with double bonds were synthesized. APEG‐PCL‐APEG micelles and PLGA‐g‐HEMA were mixed to construct micellar hydrogel via radical polymerization. The crystalline structure and hydrophobic aggregation of copolymers (APEG‐PCL‐APEG) were found to associate with PCL molecular weight. Due to the hydrophobic stress dissipation and crystalline structure of the micelles, the softness and toughness of hydrogels were promoted, exhibiting a 25% increase in ultimate strain. Moreover, the micellar hydrogels were able to load proteins with long‐term retention. In addition, under dynamic mechanical stimulation, the release of proteins could be accelerated. Besides, the micellar hydrogels also supported rabbit adipose‐derived stem cells (rASCs) growth, thus exhibiting the potential toward soft tissue engineering. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1115–1125
Health status in South Australians caring for people with cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Luckett Tim , Agar Meera , DiGiacomo Michelle , Lam Lawrence , Phillips Jane
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To compare physical and mental health status between cancer carers versus non‐carers in a population‐based sample and explore sociodemographic and caring characteristics associated with poor carer health status.

Methods

The South Australian Health Omnibus is a population‐based cross‐sectional survey. Carer status was self‐defined by participants as having cared for someone with cancer in the last 5 years. Health status was considered poor if it was 0.5 standard deviation lower than Australian norms on the Medical Outcomes Study 12‐Item Short‐Form (SF‐12) physical and mental component summary scores (PCS and MCS). Regression analyses compared mean PCS/MCS between carers versus non‐carers, controlling for sociodemographic variables, and explored associations between poor health status and caring and support among carers.

Results

The weighted sample included 2962 people, of whom 374 (12.6%) were cancer carers and 1993 (67.3%) non‐carers. Carers had significantly worse PCS/MCS, controlling for sociodemographic variables, but did not differ significantly regarding proportions with poor health status. Carer characteristics associated with poor PCS and MCS included socio‐economic indicators and involvement in medication management. Assisting with household tasks was protective.

Conclusions

This population‐based study followed those previous ones in finding cancer carers to have poorer mean health status than non‐carers. However, differences were less pronounced than previously reported, likely because of the sample being drawn from a general rather than cancer service population and including past as well as current carers, as well as all cancer types and stages. Future longitudinal research is needed to identify factors that predict recovery post caring.
Associations of preloss and postloss factors with severe depressive symptoms and quality of life over the first 2 years of bereavement for family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients
Authors: Wen Fur‐Hsing , Chou Wen‐Chi , Chen Jen‐Shi , Chang Wen‐Cheng , Hsieh Chia‐Hsun , Shen Wen Chi , Tang Siew Tzuh
Published: August 2019

Background

Family caregivers carry heavy end‐of‐life (EOL) caregiving burdens, with their physical and psychological well‐being threatened from caregiving to bereavement. However, caregiving burden has rarely been examined as a risk factor for bereavement adjustment to disentangle the wear‐and‐tear vs relief models of bereavement.

Objective/Methods

Preloss and postloss variables associated with severe depressive symptoms and quality of life (QOL) for 201 terminally ill cancer patients' caregivers over their first 2 years of bereavement were simultaneously evaluated using multivariate hierarchical linear modeling. Severe depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score > 16) and QOL (physical and mental component summaries of the Medical Outcomes Study Short‐Form Health Survey) were measured 1, 3, 6, 13, 18, and 24 months postloss.

Results

Caregivers' likelihood of severe depressive symptoms and mental health‐related QOL improved significantly from the second year and throughout the first 2 years of bereavement, respectively, whereas physical health‐related QOL remained steady over time. Higher subjective caregiving burden and postloss concurrent greater social support and better QOL were associated with bereaved caregivers' lower likelihood of severe depressive symptoms. Bereaved caregivers' mental health‐related QOL was facilitated and impeded by concurrent greater perceived social support and severe depressive symptoms, respectively.

Conclusion

Severe depressive symptoms and mental health‐related QOL improved substantially, whereas physical health‐related QOL remained steady over the first 2 years of bereavement for cancer patients' caregivers. Timely referrals to adequate bereavement services should be promoted for at‐risk bereaved caregivers, thus addressing their support needs and facilitating their bereavement adjustment.
Illness uncertainty, partner support, and quality of life: A dyadic longitudinal investigation of couples facing prostate cancer
Authors: Varner Sydneyjane , Lloyd Gillian , Ranby Krista W. , Callan Stephanie , Robertson Cary , Lipkus Isaac M.
Published: August 2019

Objective

Prostate cancer (PC) and its treatment often result in chronic, negative side‐effects that affect both patients and their romantic partners. Illness uncertainty is a chronic stressor that impacts PC patients and their partners and, if left unmanaged, predicts decreased interpersonal functioning and quality of life (QOL) after treatment is complete. This study explored associations among psychosocial constructs, measured from both partners during the first year following a PC diagnosis, to better understand both partners' experiences and identify potential intervention targets for improving QOL.

Methods

Couples (N = 165) in which one partner was undergoing treatment for PC were recruited from the Duke University Medical Center of Urology. Patients and their partners were surveyed at four time points: diagnosis and 1‐, 6‐, and 12‐months post treatment. An Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) framework was used to examine associations among perceived partner support, nonsupportive behaviors, illness uncertainty, relationship satisfaction, and physical and mental QOL.

Results

Partners feeling more supported at diagnosis was related to patients feeling more supported at 6 months. When patients' illness uncertainty decreased between diagnosis and 1 month, partners reported feeling more supported and engaging in fewer nonsupportive behaviors at 6‐months post‐treatment. Finally, partners' reports of support at 6 months predicted patients' 12‐month ratings of physical and mental QOL and relationship satisfaction.

Conclusions

Findings highlight psychological interdependence between PC patients and their partners. Future interventions to improve long‐term QOL in couples facing PC may benefit by targeting both partner support and illness uncertainty.
A systematic review of factors affecting quality of life after postmastectomy breast reconstruction in women with breast cancer
Authors: Sousa Helena , Castro Sónia , Abreu Joaquim , Pereira M. Graça
Published: August 2019

Objective

The aim of this study is to present a broader perspective of factors affecting the quality of life after postmastectomy breast reconstruction in women with breast cancer by considering these patients' self‐reported outcomes.

Methods

The search was performed from 29 March to 19 April 2019, on the following databases: PsycInfo; Web of Science Core Collection, Current Contents Connect, Derwent Innovations Index, KCI‐Korean Journal Database, Russian Science Citation Index, SciELO Citation Index, and MEDLINE. The studies were included if they identified factors affecting self‐reported quality of life after breast reconstruction, in women with breast cancer.

Results

One hundred and twenty‐two records were identified. After quality assessment, 44 studies were included for qualitative synthesis. This review comprised a total of 16 683 women who underwent breast reconstruction. The results identified a broad collection of 32 empirically based variables associated with several domains of quality of life. These variables were grouped into four categories: (a) surgical, (b) clinical, (c) psychosocial, and (d) sociodemographic variables.

Conclusions

This systematic review goes beyond surgical factors of morbidity and uses patient‐reported outcomes to scope wider issues that influence quality of life, such as psychosocial and sociodemographic variables. It sustains the need to adopt a more holistic approach and advises the consideration of preoperative psychosocial factors to better understand these patients' quality of life after breast reconstruction and to implement future preventive measures.
Concurrent validity and intratester reliability of the video‐based system for measuring gait poststroke
Authors: Aung Nilar , Bovonsunthonchai Sunee , Hiengkaew Vimonwan , Tretriluxana Jarugool , Rojasavastera Rommanee , Pheung‐Phrarattanatrai Anuchai
Published: August 2019

Background and purpose

Spatio‐temporal parameters are commonly used in gait assessment. Advanced tools provide valid and reliable data, considered very effective for physiotherapy intervention. However, these tools may be limited in clinical usage caused by complicated applicability, inaccessibility, and high cost. Therefore, a video‐based system is an alternative choice that is easy and affordable for the clinical setting. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the concurrent validity of the video‐based system against the validated instrumented gait system (Force Distribution Measurement [FDM]) on the spatio‐temporal gait parameters in individuals with stroke. In addition, the intratester reliability of a novice tester was determined.

Methods

Twenty individuals with stroke participated in the study. Gait was captured by the video‐based and FDM systems simultaneously to measure the degree of concurrent validity. Parameters composed of the affected and unaffected step lengths (cm) and step time (s), stride length (cm), gait velocity (m/s), and cadence (steps/min). Pearson correlation coefficient, paired t test, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to determine the concurrent validity, the difference of the data, and intratester reliability.

Results

All spatio‐temporal gait parameters showed excellent degrees of correlation (rp = .94 to.99, p <.001) between the video‐based and FDM systems. No significant difference in all parameters was found between the two systems. Excellent intratester reliability (ICC3,1 = 0.91 to 0.99, p < .001) of all gait parameters were found in a novice tester.

Conclusion

The video‐based system was valid and reliable for a novice tester to measure the spatio‐temporal gait parameters in individuals with stroke.
Finite‐time consensus of Euler‐Lagrange agents without velocity measurements via energy shaping
Authors: Cruz‐Zavala Emmanuel , Nuño Emmanuel , Moreno Jaime A.
Published: August 2019

Motivated by the energy‐shaping framework and the properties of homogeneous systems, this paper deals with the problem of achieving consensus of multiple Euler‐Lagrange (EL) systems using the energy shaping plus damping injection principles of passivity‐based control. We propose a method to derive a novel family of decentralized controllers that is capable of solving the leaderless and the leader‐follower consensus problems in finite‐time in networks of fully actuated EL systems without employing velocity measurements. As in the energy‐shaping methodology, the controller is another EL system and the plant‐controller interconnection is the gradient of a suitable defined potential function. The potential energy and dissipation functions, of the controller, are provided with some homogeneous properties in order to achieve finite‐time convergence. This paper provides several simulations that corroborate the performance of different controllers.
A practical framework to assess the hydrodynamic impact of ship waves on river banks
Authors: Fleit Gábor , Baranya Sándor , Krámer Tamás , Bihs Hans , Józsa János
Published: August 2019

The temporal alteration of the hydrodynamic regime in rivers due to navigation has significant effects on riverine ecosystems. Most of the key mechanisms and interactions between hydrodynamic and ecological variables have already been revealed; however, the quantitative evaluation of biotic and abiotic variables still stands a challenge. This paper aims to present a thorough, spatiotemporal framework, involving field and computational tools, for the assessment of wave hydrodynamics in the littoral zone of rivers, where its ecological relevance is the most significant. The temporal variation of significant wave heights is derived from high‐frequency pressure measurements, offering a well‐comparable statistical evaluation of individual wave events considering the duration of different wave intensities. Acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) is used for the assessment of near‐bank velocities, from which the secondary wave‐related components have been filtered offering relevant validation data for numerical modelling. The small footprint of the ADVs is extended with up‐to‐date computational fluid dynamics modelling. Wave spectra derived from the pressure measurements are used as boundary conditions for phase‐resolved irregular wave modelling with the level set method based numerical model REEF3D. The properly validated model offers the assessment of the most relevant hydrodynamic variables (e.g., velocity or turbulent kinetic energy) in a spatially extended manner, from which the hydrodynamic footprint of the wave events can be interpreted in a statistical fashion. The implementation of the proposed framework is illustrated through a case study at a Hungarian section of the Danube River.
Collaborative examination of culture paved way for college's national acclaim
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2019

Leaders at Indian River State College in Florida can cite all the requisite numbers that contributed to this year's recognition as a recipient of the prestigious Aspen Prize for Community College Excellence, but a more conceptual yet no less important contributor might have played the most pivotal role in bringing about this achievement.
Did university fail to protect student from peer harassment?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: August 2019

When the plaintiff, a Taylor University student, resided in one of the residence halls during the 2014–15 academic year, he allegedly once saw a fellow resident streak naked through the lobby and once witnessed him shout “penis, penis” on a crowded airplane. He also purportedly saw: (1) a video the fellow resident had posted online, in which it appeared he had killed someone; and (2) videos of the same student with some naked girls doing “all kinds of raunchy and inappropriate stuff in the dorm room.”
University president makes double history
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: August 2019

When Tania Tetlow, J.D., became the 17th president of Loyola University New Orleans, she hit two historical firsts: the first layperson and first woman to lead the century‐old institution. Tetlow is also the fourth and youngest woman to become president of one of the 28 institutions in the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities.
Environmental innovation practices and green product innovation performance: A perspective from organizational climate
Authors: Song Wenhao , Wang Guo‐Zheng , Ma Xifang
Published: August 2019

Green product innovation is critical to a firm's sustainability. Some studies have explored how to enhance a firm's green production innovation. In this research, we construct and test a research model for exploring the influence of environmental innovation practices (EIP) on green innovation performance, and we investigate the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Based on organizational creativity theory, we propose and test the hypothesis that EIP can affect creativity climate and green creativity, which in turn enhance green product innovation performance. Using survey data from 147 companies in China, we find that EIP directly and positively affect green creativity and indirectly influence green product innovation performance via green creativity. Thus, green creativity partially mediates the link between EIP and green product innovation performance. Our finding also indicates that creativity climate positively affect green creativity. Green product innovation performance is positively affected by creativity climate but not directly affected by EIP. The results further demonstrate that creativity climate fully mediates the link between EIP and green product innovation performance. Our findings suggest that firm' managers should shape the organizational creativity climate and encourage green creativity to enhance their firm's sustainability. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications, which can promote the firm's sustainability through environmental policy.
Estimation tools for reducing the impact of sampling and nonresponse errors in dual‐frame RDD telephone surveys
Authors: Wolter Kirk M. , Ganesh N. , Copeland Kennon R. , Singleton James A. , Khare Meena
Published: August 2019

We discuss alternative estimators of the population total given a dual‐frame random‐digit‐dial (RDD) telephone survey in which samples are selected from landline and cell phone sampling frames. The estimators are subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. To reduce sampling variability when an optimum balance of landline and cell phone samples is not feasible, we develop an application of shrinkage estimation. We demonstrate the implications for survey weighting of a differential nonresponse mechanism by telephone status. We illustrate these ideas using data from the National Immunization Survey‐Child, a large dual‐frame RDD telephone survey sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and conducted to measure the vaccination status of American children aged 19 to 35 months.
Frailty proportional mean residual life regression for clustered survival data: A hierarchical quasi‐likelihood method
Authors: Huang Rui , Xiang Liming , Ha Il Do
Published: August 2019

Frailty models are widely used to model clustered survival data arising in multicenter clinical studies. In the literature, most existing frailty models are proportional hazards, additive hazards, or accelerated failure time model based. In this paper, we propose a frailty model framework based on mean residual life regression to accommodate intracluster correlation and in the meantime provide easily understand and straightforward interpretation for the effects of prognostic factors on the expectation of the remaining lifetime. To overcome estimation challenges, a novel hierarchical quasi‐likelihood approach is developed by making use of the idea of hierarchical likelihood in the construction of the quasi‐likelihood function, leading to hierarchical estimating equations. Simulation results show favorable performance of the method regardless of frailty distributions. The utility of the proposed methodology is illustrated by its application to the data from a multi‐institutional study of breast cancer.
Bioinspired First Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Spinosulfate B
Authors: Bokam Ramesh , Annam S. CH. V. Appa Rao , Yalavarthi Nageswara Rao , Gundoju Narayanarao , Ponnapalli Mangala Gowri
Published: August 2019

An efficient bioinspired stereoselective first total synthesis of spinosulfate B has been accomplished following Jacobsen's hydrolytic kinetic resolution, Stille coupling, olefin‐cross metathesis (OCM), Horner Wadsworth Emmons olefination, and De Brabander's esterification as key steps.
Recent Advance of Akt Inhibitors in Clinical Trials
Authors: Guo Kaiwen , Tang Wendi , Zhuo Huijun , Zhao Guisen
Published: August 2019

The serine/threonine kinase Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), exerts a critical role in the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3 K)‐Akt signaling pathway that involves in cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and neo‐angiogenesis. Inhibition of Akt results in blockade of cell‐cycle progression and growth of tumors. Therefore, focusing on the drug design strategies to develop potent antitumor agents targeting Akt has been hot spot research areas. In this review, we summarized the intracellular functions of Akt, and outlined the development of Akt inhibitors in clinical trials.
Synthesis, Photophysical and Biological Properties of New Phthalocyanines Bearing Peripherally 4‐(Trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy Groups
Authors: Farajzadeh Nazli , Karaoğlu Hande Pekbelgin , Akin Mustafa , Saki Neslihan , Koçak Makbule Burkut
Published: August 2019

In this study, a novel phthalonitrile derivative namely 4‐(4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy) phthalonitrile (2) was introduced and characterized. A number of peripherally tetra‐substituted phthalocyanines (H2Pc, CuPc and PdPc) were obtained by cyclotetramerization of 2 in suitable high‐boiling solvents. Characterization of the resulting phthalocyanines has been performed by diverse techniques such as NMR, FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Organic solvents like acetone, N,N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF) and dichloromethane (DCM) were utilized to investigate the influence of solvent nature on aggregation behavior of CuPc. In addition, the aggregation properties of the CuPc were studied in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and DCM at different concentrations ranging from 4×10 −6 to 14×10 −6 m. Fluorescence quantum yields of H2Pc and PdPc were determined in DMF. Fluorescence lifetime for H2Pc was calculated 2.07 ns, as well. The fluorescence quenching feature of H2Pc was explored by adding different concentrations of benzoquinone in DMF. The values of Ksv and kq for H2Pc were obtained 59.01 m−1 and 28.51 m−1ns−1, respectively. Moreover, tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant activities of the phthalocyanines were studied by using TLC dot –blot technique and spectrophotometric assay. CuPc exhibited the highest inhibitory activity on tyrosinase enzyme. All tested molecules showed moderate antioxidant activity.
Dielectric Parameters of a Benzoate‐Based Chiral Rod‐Like Liquid Crystal
Authors: Özerol Esma Ahlatcıoğlu , Ocak Hale
Published: August 2019

In this study, the mesomorphic properties and dielectric parameters of a benzoate‐based chiral rod‐like liquid crystal 4‐[4‐(S)‐3,7‐Dimethyloctyloxybenzoyloxy]benzoic acid (DMOBB) were investigated. The rod‐like liquid crystal with (S)‐3,7‐Dimethyloctyloxy chiral moiety exhibits enantiotropically chiral nematic (N*) phase and a wide‐temperature chiral tilted smectic phase (SmC*) which is of a great interest due to broad application prospects. Dielectric Parameters of DMOBB chiral liquid crystal have been characterized by impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range between 1 Hz and 10 MHz at range of between 25 °C and 200 °C. In difference to the earlier works, this study provides a detailed investigation of the dielectric parameters of benzoate‐based chiral rod‐like liquid crystal.