bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Housing environment and external migration as factors influencing population health
Authors: Assylbayev Aidar Baymoldaevich , Trofimov Vladimir Alekseevich , Niiazalieva Kunduzkul Nasirdinovna , Suranaev Turatbek Dzhamalbekovich , Assylbayev Nurdaulet Aidarovich , Assylbayev Nurtemir Aidarovich
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the impact of housing quality and type on the health of migrants in developing countries, emphasizing factors such as overcrowding, sanitation, and access to healthcare. It further explores how specific aspects of housing quality, including structural integrity, ventilation, insulation, and access to utilities, influence population health. A comprehensive review of relevant literature is conducted, presenting evidence on the relationship between housing conditions and the prevalence of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and mental disorders. The study focuses on Kyrgyzstan, aiming to elucidate how various living conditions affect the health of its population. The analysis utilizes secondary data from sociological studies and scientific research from various countries, offering recommendations applicable to Kyrgyzstan. Numerous contributing factors are identified, including the economic and social damage associated with inadequate housing, housing construction, and improvements in living conditions; air quality; indoor temperature and warmth; infestation by parasites and pests; and sanitary and hygienic conditions. The article concludes with practical recommendations for policy and intervention.
Psychological and pedagogical strategies for forming a healthy lifestyle in Uzbekistan
Authors: Rustamov Shavkat Shukhratovich , Ostanov Shukhrat Sharifovich
Published: July 2024

The study analyzes the influence of climatic conditions and socio-economic factors on the health of the population of Uzbekistan with the aim of developing and justifying a model of health-improving measures adapted to local conditions. The study used quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveying and interviewing 800 respondents, statistical data analysis, and modeling the long-term effects of health-improving measures. The results showed that regions with a moderate climate have better health indicators, and the level of physical activity and body mass index (BMI) differ significantly between urban and rural areas. The effectiveness of the developed programs, including physical exercises, dietary recommendations, and psychological support, was confirmed by improved health indicators in the experimental group. The main barriers include insufficient public awareness and limited access to medical services. Modeling showed that the integration of climatic factors and modern health improvement methods significantly improves health indicators. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive approach that takes into account regional characteristics and modern scientific achievements to improve public health.
Formation of a safe and healthy lifestyle in students within the educational environment using health-preserving technologies and psychological-pedagogical support
Authors: Zokirova Nargiza Savrievna
Published: July 2024

This article examines the impact of health-preserving technologies and psychological-pedagogical support on the formation of a safe and healthy lifestyle among students. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach that includes physiological, psychological, and behavioral aspects. The study involved 178 students from Bukhara State University, divided into experimental and control groups. The results show that the use of health-preserving technologies and psychological-pedagogical support contributes to the improvement of physical and mental health, as well as the academic performance of students. The findings confirm the need to integrate these technologies into the educational process to enhance the quality of education and overall student well-being.
The essence of using problem-based learning technologies in teaching physical education disciplines
Authors: Sharipova S. Kh.
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the direction of improving the quality of training of professional teaching personnel using problem-based learning technologies when conducting physical education classes. The main difference between problem-based and traditional learning is seen in the goals and principles of organizing the educational process. The goal of problem-based learning is to master not only the fundamentals of science, but also the process of acquiring knowledge and scientific facts, and the development of the student’s cognitive and creative abilities. Problem-based learning, like any other teaching method, is not universal, but it is an important part of the modern education system. Physical education is one of those subjects that can implement these approaches in its lessons, and problem-based learning will help achieve the main goal of education and training. This method contributes to the development of the ability to apply one’s knowledge in different situations, helps to study phenomena from different sides and in different aspects, that is, it contributes to the formation of critical thinking.
Pedagogical views of jadids on healthy lifestyle
Authors: Bobojonova Feruza Khayatovna , Mirshayev Ulugbek Muzafarovich , Kodirova Saodat Abduraximovna , Navruzova Muyassar Gaybullayevna
Published: July 2024

This article covers the history of the school education system in Bukhara (late 19th -early 20th centuries). In the emirate of Bukhara, the issues of traditional schools, Tatar schools, new method schools, Russian-tuzem schools are covered in detail. The issues of school buildings, their maintenance, lessons and textbooks of this period, salaries and benefits that teachers were given to them, material condition and maintenance of teachers and students were described. Information about classrooms, classrooms, classes taught, subjects and sciences, examination processes is described. The article presents the views of the enlightened jadids on school issues. Information is given on the enlighteners who opened the new method schools. Issues of reformism in school education are covered in every possible way.
Legal regulation of digital platforms for recreational physical education in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Tokoshov Rakhim , Alieva Malika Alybekovna , Rasulzhan kyzy Zhanyl , Abdukakharova Takhmina , Makambai Maksat
Published: July 2024

The article focuses on the legal regulation of digital platforms designed for health and fitness activities in the Kyrgyz Republic. With the rapid development of technology and the increasing number of digital service users, there is a need to adapt legislation to new conditions. The article analyzes current legal acts regulating the use of digital platforms in the field of physical culture, identifies existing problems, and suggests ways to solve them. Special attention is paid to issues of user data protection, ensuring the quality of provided services, and legal mechanisms for controlling the activities of digital platforms. The results of the study can be useful for the development and improvement of legislation in this area, as well as for practical application in the work of government agencies and commercial organizations.
Vascularites associées aux anticorps anti-cytoplasme des polynucléaires neutrophiles (ANCA) : actualités thérapeutiques
Authors: Guillevin Loïc
Published: July 2024

Les vascularites associées aux anticorps anti-cytoplasme des polynucléaires neutrophiles (ANCA) réunissent trois maladies, la granulomatose avec polyangéite, la polyangéite microscopique et la granulomatose éosinophilique avec polyangéite. Ce groupe de maladies a bénéficié au cours des trois dernières décennies d’avancées thérapeutiques majeures tant en termes de stratégies thérapeutiques que de mise à disposition de nouveaux médicaments, essentiellement pour des thérapies ciblées. Les traitements, conventionnels ou non, comprennent une phase d’induction suivie d’une phase d’entretien. Le traitement d’induction pose aujourd’hui peu de problèmes. Il est essentiellement fondé sur l’association corticoïdes et rituximab ou cyclophosphamide. La rémission est obtenue en moins de 6 mois et un traitement d’entretien, préventif des rechutes, est alors initié. Nous avons montré que le meilleur traitement d’entretien était le rituximab, surpassant l’effet du méthotrexate ou de l’azathioprine. Durant cette phase, la corticothérapie est arrêtée ou donnée à très petite dose. Dans la granulomatose éosinophilique avec polyangéite (GEPA), la stratégie est un peu différente et les essais prospectifs manquent pour démontrer l’intérêt du rituximab ou du mépolizumab (anti-IL5) en induction de la rémission. En traitement d’entretien, une corticothérapie prolongée (par voie orale et/ou inhalée) est souvent nécessaire pour contrôler la maladie asthmatique. Seul le mépolizumab a montré sa capacité à prévenir les rechutes et à réduire la dose de corticoïdes contrôlant l’asthme. Les questions actuelles que pose le traitement d’entretien sont notamment sa durée qui pourrait être variable et adaptée au risque de rechute et les risques induits par l’immunodépression prolongée, notamment infectieux.
Mise en place d’un drain thoracique
chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Manassero Mathieu
Published: July 2024

Le drainage thoracique par drain est une technique indiquée lors d’épanchement ne répondant pas à la thoracocentèse, en post opératoire de thoracotomie ou lors de nécessité d’administration d’agents thérapeutiques dans la cavité pleurale. Dans tous les cas, l’objectif est de drainer la cavité pleurale, d’accoler les plèvres et de maintenir l’homéostasie respiratoire.

La mise en place d’un drain thoracique se fait sous anesthésie générale en condition d’asepsie stricte et après anesthésie locale des nerfs intercostaux. Des drains thoraciques spécifiques avec dispositif d’insertion (aiguille, guide, mandrin) sont préconisés.

Les drains pénètrent en région cutanée au niveau du 9-10è espace intercostal en région dorsale, puis tunnelisent sous la peau et le muscle grand dorsal avant de pénétrer dans la cavité pleurale au niveau du 7è espace intercostal en région légèrement plus ventrale, de manière à venir faire affleurer l’extrémité du drain au niveau de la 2è sternèbre.

La mise en place d’un drain thoracique nécessite un suivi strict, avec une aspiration continue ou discontinue. Les complications sont fréquentes, bien que pour la plupart mineures, et un suivi strict des recommandations de pose et de gestion est indispensable pour les limiter.

Le retrait d’un drain thoracique est réalisé par simple traction, sur animal vigile dès que le volume d’épanchement récolté se trouve à un plateau stable après diminution.
Puces et agents pathogènes transmis aux carnivores domestiques
et à l'homme
Authors: Bouhsira Émilie
Published: July 2024

Les puces, associées aux mammifères et aux oiseaux depuis plus de 55 millions d’années, sont considérées comme les ectoparasites les plus fréquemment rencontrés sur les chiens et les chats. Ces parasites sont à l’origine de nuisances directes chez l’animal (prurit, alopécie, …), et il n’est pas rare que dans un environnement fortement infesté les propriétaires se fassent également piquer.

Ces insectes ont un rôle pathogène indirect non négligeable, car hôtes intermédiaires ou vecteurs d’agents pathogènes pour la plupart zoonotiques. Les puces Ctenocephalides felis et C. canis, le plus souvent rencontrées sur les carnivores domestiques, sont hôtes intermédiaires du cestode Dipylidium caninum, parasite digestif du chien et du chat, mais aussi de la filaire Acantocheilonema reconditum, trouvée dans le tissu conjonctif sous-cutané du chien. Ces deux helminthes peuvent être zoonotiques.

Les puces sont également vectrices de bactéries zoonotiques comme Rickettsia typhi, agent du typhus murin, Rickettsia felis, agent de la fièvre boutonneuse à puces et Bartonella henselae, agent de la maladie des griffes du chat, pour lesquelles les carnivores domestiques, notamment le chat, sont réservoirs.

Il convient donc d’informer les propriétaires de ces risques, et d’insister sur l’importance d’un traitement antiparasitaire régulier, seule prévention de la transmission de ces agents pathogènes.
Leishmaniose canine : quels vecteurs et quels dangers pour la santé publique ?
Authors: Bourdoiseau Gilles
Published: July 2024

La leishmaniose canine et féline est une maladie systémique et zoonotique transmise essentiellement par la piqûre de phlébotomes. La connaissance des caractères biologiques et la répartition du phlébotome permet de mieux définir la lutte insecticide.

Des voies de contamination non vectorisées sont aujourd’hui confirmées.

Le vétérinaire, en tant qu’acteur de la santé publique, jour un rôle majeur.
Biologie et écologie des principales espèces de tiques
chez les carnivores domestiques
Authors: Zenner Lionel , René-Martellet Magalie , Bourgoin Gilles
Published: July 2024

Acariens parasites retrouvés fréquemment chez les chiens et les chats au printemps et en automne, les tiques constituent une préoccupation majeure en santé publique et vétérinaire. De ce fait, les praticiens doivent bien connaître leur biologie, leur rôle vecteur et les moyens de lutte pour pouvoir donner les meilleurs conseils aux propriétaires. Alors qu’il existe une trentaine d’espèces de tiques décrites en France, trois sont très majoritairement retrouvées chez les chiens et les chats : Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus et Rhipicephalus sanguineus.

Cet article décrit les informations essentielles à connaître pour un vétérinaire sur la morphologie, la biologie, le pouvoir pathogène de ces trois espèces. Il aborde ensuite la prévention et la lutte contre les tiques, en particulier la lutte chimique et l’étiquage manuel. Il donne également sous forme de deux tableaux toutes les spécialités disponibles pour le traitement et/ou la prévention de l’infestation par les tiques chez le chien et le chat.
La thélaziose du chien et du chat,
une maladie émergente en Europe
Authors: Guillot Jacques
Published: July 2024

La thélaziose est due à la présence dans les culs-de-sac conjonctivaux et les canaux lacrymaux de nématodes du genre Thelazia. Depuis 2005, cette parasitose est régulièrement décrite chez les carnivores domestiques (le chien surtout) dans certains départements du Sud-Ouest de la France.

Les nématodes responsables appartiennent à l’espèce Thelazia callipaeda et sont transmis par des drosophiles. La simple observation des nématodes sur les annexes oculaires permet le diagnostic. Le retrait mécanique des parasites doit être complété par un traitement anthelminthique systémique. Les macrolides antiparasitaires ont montré une très bonne efficacité et plusieurs spécialités possèdent une AMM pour l’indication du traitement, voire de la prévention de la thélaziose chez le chien.
Réalisation pratique d’une dialyse péritonéale
lors d’uroabdomen
Authors: Manassero Mathieu
Published: July 2024

La dialyse péritonéale, ou lavage péritonéal par drain, est une technique d’épuration extrarénale basée sur les propriétés de membrane d’échange du péritoine. Lors d’uroabdomen, la dialyse péritonéale est indiquée lors de recollection rapide d’urine après la ponction initiale, lors d’impossibilité de mettre en place initialement une dérivation urinaire et/ou lors de la présence d’un syndrome urémique sévère avec hyperkaliémie et acidose métabolique réfractaires au traitement médical.

La dialyse péritonéale est réalisée en mettant en place de manière chirurgicale ou percutanée un drain de dialyse ou un drain abdominal non spécifique, multifenestré, et cannelé. Le drain, orienté vers la partie caudale de l’abdomen, doit être sécurisé à la peau et toujours connecté à un système de collecte clos. Le soluté de lavage, ou dialysat, est un liquide stérile tiédi à température corporelle (environ 38°C) comprenant idéalement un tampon de lactate et du glucose. Cependant, pour une utilisation à court terme dans un contexte d’uroabdomen, un soluté isotonique stérile peut être utilisé.

Le protocole de lavage abdominal repose sur une administration de 20 à 40 ml/kg de dialysat sur 10 min, puis un drainage du liquide par gravité à l’aide du système de collection 30 min après l’instillation. La procédure peut être renouvelée sur animal vigile une fois le drain positionné, de manière aseptique, toutes les 2 h lors d’azotémie ou d’hyperkaliémie sévères et ce, pendant 24 à 72 h.

Un suivi clinique et biologique strict des animaux avec un drain de dialyse péritonéale est indispensable pour prévenir les complications qui restent cependant rares (obstruction de drain, infection, surcharge volumique, hypothermie, altération de la mécanique ventilatoire, …).
Les États-Unis réinvestissent le domaine du combustible nucléaire
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: July 2024

Philippe Carles, chargé de mission Collaborations bilatérales (CEA) et Sunil Félix, conseiller nucléaire de l’ambassade de France aux États-Unis, ont fait le point sur la stratégie américaine en matière de cycle du combustible pour la Sfen. Un domaine sur lequel Washington avait en partie laissé sa souveraineté se fragiliser.
Ursachen und Wirkung des strukturellen Finanzierungsdefizits in der
gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung
Authors: Keutel Christian
Published: July 2024

Die Finanzlage der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung zeigt in den vergangenen vier
Jahren eine ansteigende milliardenschwere Finanzierungslücke. Ursächlich hierfür
sind die Ausgaben, die schneller als die Einnahmen steigen. Der Artikel
analysiert mit einer Prognose auf Basis einer linearen Trendextrapolation
(statistische Zeitreihenanalyse) die Wirkungsweise der aktuellen politischen
Maßnahmen für das Jahr 2023. Er kommt zu dem Schluss, dass der durchschnittliche
Zusatzbeitragssatz einmalig durch den Maßnahmenmix der Politik, bestehend aus
einer kurzfristigen Veränderung des Einnahmendefizites in Höhe von ca. 10,2 Mrd.
Euro sowie eine Ausgabenreduzierung um ca. 3,8 Mrd. Euro stabilisiert werden
kann. Für das Jahr 2024 besteht weiterhin ein Handlungsbedarf, um die
Finanzierungslücke dauerhaft zu schließen.
Psychiatrische Konsiliartätigkeit in der unfallchirurgischen
Rehabilitation – eine retrospektive deskriptive Kohortenstudie
Authors: Schindl Martin , Schätzner Werner
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund Psychiatrische Erkrankungen nehmen weltweit und national zu.
Während für deutsche Rehabilitationskliniken Zahlen für die Prävalenz
psychiatrischer Störungen bei Patienten nach körperlichen Traumen vorliegen,
fehlen für Österreich entspreche Daten.

Materialien und Methoden Im Rehabilitationszentrum „Weißer Hof“ der
Allgemeinen Unfallversicherungsanstalt wurde die Anzahl der Patienten, die in
den Jahren 2012 bis 2021 zumindest ein psychiatrisches Konsil erhielten, erhoben
und zusätzlich für die Jahre 2012 und 2021 die Verteilung der einzelnen ICD-10
Diagnosegruppen ermittelt.

Statistik Es wurde eine retrospektive deskriptive Kohortenanalyse
durchgeführt. Unterschiede für metrische Variablen wurden mittels unabhängigem
t-test, Unterschiede zwischen kategorialen Daten mittels Fishers exact Test auf
Signifikanz geprüft. Zur Erhebung des psychiatrischen Betreuungsaufwandes wurde
für die Zahl aller in einem Jahr erbrachten Konsile ein lineares
Trendmodellberechnet.

Ergebnisse Das lineare Trendmodell für den Zeitraum 2012 bis 2021 ergab
eine signifikante Zunahme der erbrachten psychiatrischen Konsile (p=0,002). In
den Jahren 2012 und 2021 stieg der Prozentsatz der Patienten, mit mindestens
einem psychiatrisches Konsil von 6,5% auf 13,8%. (Fischers exact test
p<0,001). Die durchschnittliche Anzahl der erbrachten Konsile pro Patient lag
im Jahr 2012 bei 2,1 und im Jahr 2021 bei 3,2 Konsilen (t[190]=−3,73;
p<0,001, d=0,54). Während im Jahr 2012 mit 37,6% aller gestellten Diagnosen
die Affektiven Störungen (F30−F39) die häufigste Störung darstellte, gefolgt von
der Gruppe der „Neurotischen, Belastungsstörungen und somatoformen Störungen“
(F40−F48) mit 34,1%, drehte sich im Jahr 2021 die Reihenfolge der beiden
Diagnosegruppen um (F40−F48: 38,4%, F30−F39: 32,7%).

Schlussfolgerungen Es konnte erstmals ein Überblick über Umfang und
Betreuungsdichte der psychiatrischen Konsiliartätigkeit in einem stationären
unfallchirurgischen Rehabilitationssetting in Österreich erhoben werden. Von
2012 bis 2021 nahm der Anteil der „konsiliariter“ betreuten Patienten ebenso wie
die Betreuungsdichte signifikant zu. Im Jahr 2021 stellten die ICD-10 Grupp
F40−F48 die häufigste Diagnosegruppe dar. Weitere prospektive Studien sind
geplant.
Orthodontic and Surgical Management of Impacted Maxillary Canines: A Narrative Review
Authors: Selmani Mimoza E. , Duci Shkelzen B. , Gashi Nora Asani , Bukleta Manushaqe Selmani
Published: July 2024

Maxillary canine impactions are a significant challenge for orthodontic and oral surgical practices. In this narrative review, we aim to evaluate surgical and orthodontic approaches for treating maxillary canine impactions, evaluate their effectiveness, and compare the two treatment modalities.

We reviewed several studies on databases such as Google Scholar, PUBMED, and MEDLINE to update recent knowledge for canine impactions and their treatment. We reviewed and included studies that matched our research objectives, including orthodontic management, open and closed eruption techniques, and contact and tooth alignment surgery.

Successful treatment results of canine impactions were reported increasingly in literature, and good clinical outcomes were observed in most cases. However, factors such as the severity of the impaction, patient age, and surgical experience were found to influence the choice of surgical technique and success rates. Complications associated with surgical management of maxillary canine impactions were also reported. These complications, which include tooth resorption, postoperative infection, ankylosis, and damage to adjacent structures, are generally rare but emphasize the importance of careful patient selection, surgical planning accuracy, and emphasis on diligent postoperative care.

Findings highlight surgical procedures' effectiveness, outcomes, and challenges to help clinicians make informed decisions and improve patient care. The results underscore the importance of evidence-based decision-making and a multidisciplinary approach for successful clinical outcomes. Future research will focus on long-term stability, patient-reported outcomes, and exploring emerging techniques to further improve the management of maxillary canine impactions.
Reduced Expression of REG4 as a Sign of Altered Goblet Cell Function in Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Hoffsten Alice , Markasz Laszlo , Lilja Helene Engstrand , Mobini-Far Hamid , Sindelar Richard
Published: July 2024

Objective Defective Goblet cells have been proposed to be involved in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The aim was to study the expression of the Goblet cell marker REG4 and its potential involvement in NEC in preterm infants with and without NEC.

Study Design Seventy histologically intact intestinal biopsies were studied: 43 were collected during surgery due to NEC (NEC group: 26.5 ± 3.0 weeks' gestational age [wGA]), and 27 from individuals who underwent surgery due to other conditions (Control group; 36.1 ± 4.5 wGA). The tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained for REG4. REG4 expression was quantified with a semiautomated digital image analysis and with clinical data compared between the groups.

Results REG4 expression was lower in the NEC group than in the Control group (p = 0.035). Low REG4 expression correlated to the risk of NEC (p = 0.023). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis including GA and REG4 expression for NEC risk, only GA (p < 0.001) and not REG4 expression (p = 0.206) was associated with NEC risk.

Conclusion This study concludes that Goblet cell dysfunction may be involved in NEC development, as low expression of the Goblet cell marker REG4 was related to an increased NEC risk in preterm infants. Maturity could however not be excluded as a potential confounder for REG4 expression.

Key Points
A síndrome compartimental crônica em atletas
Authors: Jorge Pedro Baches , Toledo Mariana Belaunde , Mari Flora Chaves , Toledo Rodrigo Ruas Floriano de , Lima Marcos Vaz de , Sprey Jan Willem Cerf
Published: July 2024

A síndrome compartimental crônica (SCC) pode ser definida como uma elevação da pressão dentro de um espaço fibro-ósseo não expansível, que surge por meio de atividades físicas contínuas e intensas, com sintomas que geralmente melhoram com repouso ou redução da atividade. É uma causa importante de dor nos membros inferiores em atletas, sendo a segunda causa mais comum de dores nas pernas relacionada ao esforço, embora existam relatos menos comuns em compartimentos paravertebrais lombares, na mão, no antebraço, na coxa e no pé. É mais frequentemente observada em corredores de longa distância; porém, outros esportes também têm sido associados a essa entidade, como lacrosse, futebol, basquete, esqui e hóquei de campo. A tensão muscular, cãibras, piora dos sintomas com o exercício físico, dor e redução da sensibilidade na parte superior do pé são os principais sintomas relacionados a essa síndrome, sendo o diagnóstico essencialmente clínico. Embora controversa e com algumas limitações, a medição da pressão intracompartimental após o exercício tem sido utilizada para o diagnóstico da SCC. No entanto, novas ferramentas estão sendo estudadas como alternativa, especialmente aquelas que são menos invasivas, como a imagem de ressonância magnética (RM) após protocolo de exercício. A fasciotomia aberta foi por

vários anos o tratamento mais relevante para SCC em atletas, porém novas técnicas cirúrgicas estão ganhando importância, como a fasciotomia minimamente invasiva e o procedimento endoscópico. Alguns tratamentos conservadores são promissores como alternativas possíveis para aqueles que não desejam a cirurgia, mas ainda há falta de evidências robustas para sustentá-los, especialmente para atletas.
Extensive Multiorgan and Neurological Involvement on F-18 FDG PET-CT in a Case of Rosai-Dorfman Disease
Authors: Polisetty Sireesha , R. Ramyapriya , D.S Hema latha , Kalawat Tekchand
Published: July 2024

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare benign proliferative disorder. Lymph nodes are the usual and common sites of involvement. Involvement of the extranodal site is also documented in the literature. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (F18-FDG PET CT) is a valuable whole-body imaging modality in staging and treatment response of various lymphoproliferative and solid organ malignancy. Similarly, PET CT survey can detect the involved sites of various body systems, infective or inflammatory diseases, and provide guidance for biopsy and to reach to diagnosis. Here, we present a case of RDD, who presented with neurological manifestations and on F18-FDG PET CT, diagnosed with multiorgan involvement.
Lawsuits against the Brazilian Unified Health System regarding Bladder/Ureteral Cancer
Authors: Korkes Fernando , Silveira Mariana Avelar da , Tocci Flavio , Pedrotti Carlos , Teich Vanessa Damazio , de-Barros Luciana Holz Camargo , Glinas Sidney
Published: July 2024

Objective To evaluate the technical notes (TNs) issued by the Center for Technical Support of the Judiciary (Núcleo de Apoio Técnico do Poder Judiciário, NAT-Jus, in Portuguese) of the Brazilian Ministry of Justice regarding lawsuits against the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS, in Portuguese) concerning bladder/ureteral cancer, in order to better advise the formulation of public policies regarding oncologic care.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study on the TNs issued by NAT-Jus regarding lawsuits from patients against SUS from 2019 to 2023 concerning bladder or ureteral cancer.

Results A total of 137 TNs were issued. Most plaintiffs were male patients (70.8%), with a mean age of 69.1 ± 17.6 years. The lawsuits were filed in an attempt to obtain medications (67%), medical care or procedures (26%), or other health products (7%).

The most common medications requested were immuno-oncology (IO) therapeutic agents, in 66 cases (pembrolizumab, avelumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab), followed by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine (n = 13), chemotherapeutic agents in 5 cases, erdafitinib in 2 cases, and enfortumab vedotin in 1 case.

Pembrolizumab was the medication most frequently requested by patients undergoing treatment for bladder or ureteral cancer. Out of more than 50 thousand TNs, there were 1,349 requests for this medication. Bladder or ureteral cancer was responsible for 3.4% of all the demands for pembrolizumab.

It is also notable that lawsuits were more common in the Southern (n = 47), followed by the Southeastern (n = 26), Northeastern (n = 20), and Midwestern (n = 6) regions. The lawsuits in the South were more often related to expensive medications. In the Northeast and Midwest, there were proportionally more lawsuits demanding medical procedures. The Brazilian Federal Government lost the lawsuits, representing expenses of BRL 42.1 million with these novel medications within the period evaluated.

Conclusion Bladder cancer treatment within SUS faces obstacles and shortages of essential medications. Moreover, advanced and costly therapies are not widely available, straining the public healthcare system and resulting in increasing legal costs. Collaboration among the government, the scientific community, and patient advocacy organizations is crucial to ensure the sustainability of SUS in the face of these challenges.
Dealing with Diversity in Digital Psychological Interventions for Young People: A Structured Review
Authors: Jahedi Farzad , Henman Paul W. Fay , Ryan Jillian C.
Published: July 2024

In recent years, despite significant progress in digital psychological interventions (DPIs), the prevalence of psychological issues among young adults remains a concern. While research on the feasibility and effectiveness of DPIs is extensive, there's a growing recognition of the need for a sociotechnical approach to enhance user engagement. This review aims to highlight the importance of integrating diversity, especially sociodemographic characteristics, into DPI design and implementation.

The review meticulously examined literature from six academic databases focused on DPIs tailored for users aged 12 to 26, spanning the period between 2009 and 2019. The data extraction process specifically targeted biosocial factors such as gender and ethnicity, as well as sociocultural elements like remoteness and labor force status among users. Among the initial pool of 879 articles, a refined selection of 25 underwent detailed analysis. Intriguingly, 14 of these studies did not treat sociodemographic factors as independent variables, leaving only 11 that did. Notably, gender and ethnicity emerged as the most frequently studied factors, with remoteness and labor force considerations receiving comparatively less attention.

Despite the acknowledged importance of user engagement in DPI effectiveness, the review highlights a critical gap: insufficient consideration of young adults' sociodemographic characteristics in intervention design and implementation. Therefore, the findings strongly support further mixed-method studies to fully understand the complex social factors influencing user engagement with DPIs. Closing this gap will undoubtedly refine and optimize DPIs to better meet the diverse needs of young adults dealing with psychological challenges.
From “transitions” to “trajectories”: towards a holistic interactionistic analysis of educational inequality in contemporary China
Authors: Bi Xiangyang , Liu Xueling
Published: July 2024

This study employs sequence analysis to explore the educational pathways of individuals born in China between 1976 and 1988, a cohort that witnessed substantial educational expansion. The study constructs a typology for classifying these educational trajectories and quantifies the prevalence of each category within the cohort. Utilizing decision tree analysis, the study investigates the relationship between different educational pathways and various background characteristics. Unlike the “waning coefficients” commonly observed in Mare model and its variants, this approach unveils the substantial influence of cumulative advantage and disadvantage in shaping educational trajectories, a process heavily impacted by individuals’ social backgrounds. Despite some exceptions and complexities, several discernible patterns become apparent. For instance, individuals hailing from rural settings generally exhibit a decreased likelihood of progressing along superior educational trajectories throughout their academic endeavors when juxtaposed with their urban counterparts. Moreover, elevated levels of parental education persistently enhance children’s prospects for accessing superior educational pathways, irrespective of their urban or rural origins. This methodology serves as a valuable instrument for scrutinizing the general features and diversity of educational trajectories, providing a complementary perspective to existing research on educational stratification and inequality.
Use of two different methods for glucose determination in sheep under normoglycemic, hypoglycemic, and hyperglycemic conditions: an evaluation of practical diagnostic methods in ovines
Authors: Chenard Marina Galindo , Bastos Jade de Menezes Paes , Valle Matheus Dias , Magalhães da Cunha Isabelle , Alencar Nayro Xavier de , Lessa Daniel Augusto Barroso , Souza Guilherme Nunes de , Cunha Nathalie Costa da , Helayel Michel Abdalla
Published: July 2024

Context Animals can present abnormal blood glucose concentrations because of various diseases or pathological conditions, stress, or hunger. Early diagnosis prevents complications, economic losses, and death. The use of a portable glucometer (PGM) has been shown to be a good, simple, and practical alternative method with good precision and accuracy for assessing blood glucose in humans and companion animals. Aims The objective of this work was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of a portable glucometer (PGM) for assessing glycemia in normoglycemic, hypoglycemic, and hyperglycemic sheep. Methods Blood glucose was evaluated in 60 normoglycemic, 15 hypoglycemic, and 15 hyperglycemic sheep. Blood samples were collected and analysed within 2 h by using PGM and the enzymatic method (EM). Each test was evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for two cutoff points, namely, one for hypoglycemia and the other for hyperglycemia. Key results The results of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (P < 0.05) for all groups evaluated did not show a normal distribution for the values evaluated by PGM and EM. Despite the significant difference found between the medians of the methods and the low homogeneity according to the coefficient of variation (CV), there was a homogeneous and linear dispersion of the results. The Bland–Altman test showed that the mean difference between the two methods was close to zero, denoting good agreement, precision, and accuracy of PGM when compared to EM. Conclusions PGM presents high accuracy and precision for assessing glycemia in sheep, providing satisfactory and reliable results when compared with EM. Implications The use of PGM facilitates the veterinarian’s routine, promoting early diagnosis, field examinations, and monitoring of metabolic diseases.
Dissonant music engages early visual processing
Authors: Bravo Fernando , Glogowski Jana , Stamatakis Emmanuel Andreas , Herfert Kristina
Published: July 2024

The neuroscientific examination of music processing in audio-visual contexts offers a valuable framework to assess how auditory information influences the emotional encoding of visual information. Using fMRI during naturalistic film viewing, we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of music on valence inferences during mental state attribution. Thirty-eight participants watched the same short-film accompanied by systematically controlled consonant or dissonant music. Subjects were instructed to think about the main character’s intentions. The results revealed that increasing levels of dissonance led to more negatively valenced inferences, displaying the profound emotional impact of musical dissonance. Crucially, at the neuroscientific level and despite music being the sole manipulation, dissonance evoked the response of the primary visual cortex (V1). Functional/effective connectivity analysis showed a stronger coupling between the auditory ventral stream (AVS) and V1 in response to tonal dissonance and demonstrated the modulation of early visual processing via top-down feedback inputs from the AVS to V1. These V1 signal changes indicate the influence of high-level contextual representations associated with tonal dissonance on early visual cortices, serving to facilitate the emotional interpretation of visual information. Our results highlight the significance of employing systematically controlled music, which can isolate emotional valence from the arousal dimension, to elucidate the brain’s sound-to-meaning interface and its distributive crossmodal effects on early visual encoding during naturalistic film viewing.
Bacterial outer membrane vesicle nanorobot
Authors: Tang Songsong , Tang Daitian , Zhou Houhong , Li Yangyang , Zhou Dewang , Peng Xiqi , Ren Chunyu , Su Yilin , Zhang Shaohua , Zheng Haoxiang , Wan Fangchen , Yoo Jounghyun , Han Hong , Ma Xiaotian , Gao Wei , Wu Song
Published: July 2024

Autonomous nanorobots represent an advanced tool for precision therapy to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, current nanorobotic designs primarily rely on inorganic materials with compromised biocompatibility and limited biological functions. Here, we introduce enzyme-powered bacterial outer membrane vesicle (OMV) nanorobots. The immobilized urease on the OMV membrane catalyzes the decomposition of bioavailable urea, generating effective propulsion for nanorobots. This OMV nanorobot preserves the unique features of OMVs, including intrinsic biocompatibility, immunogenicity, versatile surface bioengineering for desired biofunctionalities, capability of cargo loading and protection. We present OMV-based nanorobots designed for effective tumor therapy by leveraging the membrane properties of OMVs. These involve surface bioengineering of robotic body with cell-penetrating peptide for tumor targeting and penetration, which is further enhanced by active propulsion of nanorobots. Additionally, OMV nanorobots can effectively safeguard the loaded gene silencing tool, small interfering RNA (siRNA), from enzymatic degradation. Through systematic in vitro and in vivo studies using a rodent model, we demonstrate that these OMV nanorobots substantially enhanced siRNA delivery and immune stimulation, resulting in the utmost effectiveness in tumor suppression when juxtaposed with static groups, particularly evident in the orthotopic bladder tumor model. This OMV nanorobot opens an inspiring avenue to design advanced medical robots with expanded versatility and adaptability, broadening their operation scope in practical biomedical domains.
Can names shape facial appearance?
Authors: Zwebner Yonat , Miller Moses , Grobgeld Noa , Goldenberg Jacob , Mayo Ruth
Published: July 2024

Our given name is a social tag associated with us early in life. This study investigates the possibility of a self-fulfilling prophecy effect wherein individuals’ facial appearance develops over time to resemble the social stereotypes associated with given names. Leveraging the face–name matching effect, which demonstrates an ability to match adults’ names to their faces, we hypothesized that individuals would resemble their social stereotype (name) in adulthood but not in childhood. To test this hypothesis, children and adults were asked to match faces and names of children and adults. Results revealed that both adults and children correctly matched adult faces to their corresponding names, significantly above the chance level. However, when it came to children’s faces and names, participants were unable to make accurate associations. Complementing our lab studies, we employed a machine-learning framework to process facial image data and found that facial representations of adults with the same name were more similar to each other than to those of adults with different names. This pattern of similarity was absent among the facial representations of children, thereby strengthening the case for the self-fulfilling prophecy hypothesis. Furthermore, the face–name matching effect was evident for adults but not for children’s faces that were artificially aged to resemble adults, supporting the conjectured role of social development in this effect. Together, these findings suggest that even our facial appearance can be influenced by a social factor such as our name, confirming the potent impact of social expectations.
Resonant Raman Auger spectroscopy on transient core-excited Ne ions
Authors: Mazza Tommaso , M Baumann Thomas , Boll Rebecca , De Fanis Alberto , Dold Simon , Ilchen Markus , Mullins Terry , Ovcharenko Yevheniy , E Rivas Daniel , Senfftleben Björn , Usenko Sergey , Ismail Iyas , D Bozek John , Simon Marc , Fritzsche Stephan , Meyer Michael
Published: July 2024

Short-lived core-ionized neon atoms were investigated by measuring under resonant Raman conditions the Auger decay following the excitation of a second core electron into a Rydberg state. Making use of intense and narrow bandwidth x-ray free-electron laser pulses, the photoexcitation spectrum of the femtosecond-lived Ne

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series was characterized. Energy position and lifetimes of the lower-lying Rydberg states were determined and the final state configurations following the decay of the Ne

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double-core hole resonance were partially resolved.
Geometric and electronic properties of anionic precious metal gold doped boron clusters AuB
n
− (n = 10–20)
Authors: Fu Peixin , Chen Bole , Ding Kewei , Lu Cheng
Published: July 2024

Recently, the Au–B covalent bonds in gold doped boron clusters has attracted great attention. However, there are fewer theoretical reports on exploration their ground state structures and stabilities, especially for the medium sizes. Here, we study the structural evolution and electronic properties of the anionic Au doped boron clusters with medium sizes of n from 10 to 20 using the unbiased cluster structural searches combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results reveal that the quasi-planar AuB18
− (1A, C
1) cluster shows excellent stability and a large vertical separation energy (VDE) of 4.25 eV. The good consistency between the computationally simulated photoelectron spectra and the experimental spectra strongly supports the correctness of our low-lying structures. Further bonding analyses show that the well-stabilized aromatic AuB18
− cluster is due to the active σ interactions between Au atom (6s orbitals) and B units (2p orbitals), as well as the large number of σ–bonds in the B18
− moiety with π-aromaticity. These findings enriched the family of Au-B alloy clusters and metal-doped boron-based aromatic clusters, which provide valuable information for the experimental characterization and preparation of boron-rich alloy nanoclusters in the future.
A compact electron beam ion source for highly charged ion experiments at large-scale user facilities
Authors: Thima D , Niggas A , Werl M , Szabo G L , Laux P , Schmidt M , Zschornack G , Aumayr F , Wilhelm R A
Published: July 2024

Probing and manipulating of 2D materials and their heterostructures using slow highly charged ions (HCIs) is currently a hot topic due to the ultimate surface sensitivity of electronic sputtering with profound implications for fundamental research and technological applications. To study surface modifications without the complications of sample transport from ion irradiation to complex microscopic or spectroscopic analysis tools, the development of compact and thus portable ion sources is essential. In this paper we present the first results of the electron beam ion source-Compact version 1 (EBIS-C1), a novel and highly compact source for highly charged ions manufactured by D.I.S Germany GmbH. The main focus of this paper is to demonstrate the suitability of the EBIS-C1 as an ideal source for ion scattering experiments at surfaces and at gas/liquid jet targets by presenting the first charge state spectra of extracted neon, argon and xenon ions. The results highlight the potential of this portable EBIS to become a versatile platform for the study of HCI-surface interactions, allowing investigations to be carried out at user terminals in different laboratory environments.
The time evolution of electrical and thermodynamic characteristics of surface dielectric barrier discharge caused by dielectric degradation
Authors: Wang An , Tian Zunyi , Peng Yang , Wang Haitao , Zhang Mengmeng , Sun Shuobei , Hou Zhongyu
Published: July 2024

The degradation of the dielectric layer is a common issue in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The performance of DBD devices may suffer from instability due to potential corrosion of the dielectric layer caused by discharge, which could even result in structural failure. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the degradation of DBD devices during discharge, the evolution of the performance of DBD devices with various dielectric materials over time is studied. Periodic patterns are found to form on the dielectric surface along the edge of the high-voltage electrode. The electrical data, emission spectra, and surface morphologies of DBD devices with three different dielectric materials, namely ceramics, glass, and PCB, are obtained during an eight-hour discharge. The electrical and thermodynamic characteristics of DBD devices with the three dielectric materials are found to initially decrease by about 20%∼40%. Subsequently, they remain stable in devices with ceramics and PCB dielectric layers but increase in devices with glass dielectric layers until the end. Surface morphologies reveal that periodic patterns consisting of metal accumulations, etching pits, and metal depositions form on the surfaces of ceramics, glass, and PCBs, respectively. Some organic compounds vaporize from the surface of PCBs. The deposition, etching, and vaporization could be reasons for changes in the electrical and thermodynamic characteristics. It shows that degradation occurs not only in organic dielectrics like polymers but also in inorganic dielectrics such as ceramics and glass. To enhance stability and prevent potential failures and overestimations, electrical and optical measurements could be utilized as diagnostic methods in applications involving DBD devices.
Frequency reconfigurable slot antenna utilizing solid-state plasma S-PIN diodes: simulation and experimental analysis
Authors: Jin Xiangyu , Zhou Yonggang , Lou Jian , Liu Siyuan , Liu Shaobin
Published: July 2024

This article examines the feasibility of integrating solid-state plasma surface p-i-n (S-PIN) diodes into on-chip slots using silicon-on-insulator technology. Two categories of solid-state plasma S-PIN diodes are characterized. Simulations analyze the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, carrier concentrations, potential distribution, and thermal considerations of both single and dual S-PIN diodes, with optimization of their structural parameters and sizes. Experimental tests on fabricated S-PIN diodes of varying sizes with bias lines embedded in the on-chip slots show favorable I–V characteristics for both types of diodes. The measured results closely align with simulation predictions for the diodes’ conduction onset voltages. Additionally, a cavity-backed slot antenna is proposed to evaluate and compare radiation characteristics resulting from integrating different types of S-PIN diodes.