bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of orthopedic insoles on lower limb motion kinematics and kinetics in adults with flat foot: a systematic review
Authors: Chen Hairong , Sun Dong , Fang Yufei , Gao Shunxiang , Zhang Qiaolin , Bíró István , Tafferner-Gulyás Viktória , Gu Yaodong
Published: July 2024

Flatfoot is characterized by the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch, eversion of the rearfoot and abduction of the loaded forefoot. Orthopedic insoles are the frequently recommended treatment to support the arch of the foot, adjust the structure of the foot, reduce pain, improve stability and new techniques have been applied to the design of orthopedic insoles in recent years. However, the effectiveness of orthopedic insoles in different motions is still debated from the perspective of biomechanics. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of orthopedic insoles on the kinematics and kinetics of lower limb motion, and to verify effectiveness and propose possible future research directions. We conducted a literature search across three databases employing Boolean operations and filtered results based on eligibility criteria. A total of 671 relevant literature were searched in this review, and 19 literature meeting the requirements were finally included. The results showed that: 1) orthopedic insoles were effective when patients walk, run and jump from the perspective of biomechanics; 2) orthopedic insoles had different result on the change of ankle sagittal angle, moment and peak pressure in the metatarsal region; 3) Whether the effect of insoles, which uses new techniques such as different 3D printed technologies and adds various accessories, can be further improved remains to be further studied; 4) Follow-up studies can pay more attention to the differences between diverse populations, increase the breadth of running and jumping and other movements research and long-term intervention.
The role of uromodulin in cardiovascular disease: a review
Authors: Chen Chengqian , Zhong Wentao , Zheng Hao , Dai Gaoying , Zhao Wei , Wang Yushi , Dong Qi , Shen Botao
Published: July 2024

Uromodulin, also referred to as Tamm Horsfall protein (THP), is a renal protein exclusively synthesized by the kidneys and represents the predominant urinary protein under normal physiological conditions. It assumes a pivotal role within the renal system, contributing not only to ion transport and immune modulation but also serving as a critical factor in the prevention of urinary tract infections and kidney stone formation. Emerging evidence indicates that uromodulin may serve as a potential biomarker extending beyond renal function. Recent clinical investigations and Mendelian randomization studies have unveiled a discernible association between urinary regulatory protein levels and cardiovascular events and mortality. This review primarily delineates the intricate relationship between uromodulin and cardiovascular disease, elucidates its predictive utility as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular events, and delves into its involvement in various physiological and pathophysiological facets of the cardiovascular system, incorporating recent advancements in corresponding genetics.
Physical quantity characteristics of severe aircraft turbulence near convective clouds over Australia
Authors: Wen Ying , Wang Chao , Wang Runying , Nie Ruoying
Published: July 2024

Using FY–2G satellite data, Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) downlink data, and the fifth generation European Centre for Medium–Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate (ERA5) dataset, we analyzed the circulation, thermal, and dynamic characteristics of the convective aircraft turbulence over Australia in the Southern Hemisphere. The results show that the near-convective clouds turbulence (NCCT) in the Southern Hemisphere mostly occurred in front of deep warm high–pressure ridges in mid–latitude regions and on the left side of the axis of the subtropical westerly jet stream. The isotherms in this area were relatively dense (i.e., large gradients), and the wind speed was high, with strong horizontal and/or vertical cyclonic wind shear. In addition, the NCCT usually occurred near the zero–divergence or zero–vorticity line and in areas with large vertical wind speed gradients. There were also strong vertical and horizontal wind shears in this area, which could easily trigger severe turbulence. Furthermore, the NCCT in the Southern Hemisphere mostly occurred at the intersection of cold and warm temperature advections (i.e., near the zero–temperature advection line), and the turbulence point was located near the high–altitude frontal zone where there was a strong gradient of cold and warm advections. There was temperature inversion with pseudo–equivalent potential temperatures in the middle and lower troposphere on the warmer side of the turbulence point. The unstable stratification of cold air at the top and warm air at the bottom was conducive to triggering convection from the ground, forming strong convective clouds, and causing severe turbulence.
Research on wire icing simulation technology considering the weights of meteorological elements
Authors: Zhou Fangrong , Huai Xiaowei , Yan Pengcheng , Jiang Xingliang , Pan Hao , Ma Yi , Geng Hao
Published: July 2024

Wire icing seriously threatens the safety and reliability of power systems. Strengthening the simulation study of icing thickness is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation, as well as the adjustment of power system operation strategies. The meteorological elements, including air temperature, precipitation and wind speed, are the key factors affecting wire icing. In this study, the meteorological elements related to icing thickness are obtained by numerical models, and the relationship between these elements and icing thickness observations is established to develop a model for simulating icing thickness. The model is applied to study typical icing in Yunnan Province, China. The results indicate that the deviation of the simulated icing thickness is about 2 mm, smaller than that from the traditional model. Batch experiments demonstrate that the new model developed in this research is applicable to the vast majority of 238 observation stations in Yunnan Province for icing thickness simulation, and the method can yield lower simulation deviations.
The threshold effect and driving path of the rapid transit system on tourism eco-efficiency in China
Authors: Bai Yang , Li Yaru
Published: July 2024

Rapid transit is important for the green development of China’s tourism industry because it profoundly affects the optimal structural layout and rational allocation of elements that impact regional tourism. Based on provincial panel data from 2009 to 2020, the entropy weight method, tourism carbon emission measurement model, Super efficiency slacks-based measure model and threshold regression model were used to determine the impact of the rapid transit system on tourism eco-efficiency in China. The findings showed that rapid transit system has increased steadily, while tourism eco-efficiency has fluctuated significantly, and the relative development characteristics of rapid transit system and tourism eco-efficiency gradually changed from “lagging rapid transit system” to “lagging tourism eco-efficiency.” In addition, the rapid transit system and the highway and civil aviation have a nonlinear relationship with tourism eco-efficiency, while the high-speed railway has not passed the threshold effect test, and at the regional level, the impacts of rapid transit system have heterogeneous characteristics. As the deepening construction of rapid transit system, its threshold effect on tourism eco-efficiency will change from positive “V” to positive “U” type, promoting the more efficient development of environmentally friendly tourism.
Next-generation sequencing impact on cancer care: applications, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Zalis Mariano , Viana Veloso Gilson Gabriel , Aguiar Jr. Pedro Nazareth , Gimenes Nathalia , Reis Marina Xavier , Matsas Silvio , Ferreira Carlos Gil
Published: July 2024

Fundamentally precision oncology illustrates the path in which molecular profiling of tumors can illuminate their biological behavior, diversity, and likely outcomes by identifying distinct genetic mutations, protein levels, and other biomarkers that underpin cancer progression. Next-generation sequencing became an indispensable diagnostic tool for diagnosis and treatment guidance in current clinical practice. Nowadays, tissue analysis benefits from further support through methods like comprehensive genomic profiling and liquid biopsies. However, precision medicine in the field of oncology presents specific hurdles, such as the cost-benefit balance and widespread accessibility, particularly in countries with low- and middle-income. A key issue is how to effectively extend next-generation sequencing to all cancer patients, thus empowering treatment decision-making. Concerns also extend to the quality and preservation of tissue samples, as well as the evaluation of health technologies. Moreover, as technology advances, novel next-generation sequencing assessments are being developed, including the study of Fragmentomics. Therefore, our objective was to delineate the primary uses of next-generation sequencing, discussing its’ applications, limitations, and prospective paths forward in Oncology.
Platelet indices and inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Hong-yang , Liu Tie-mei
Published: July 2024

Background

Platelets play a significant role in the innate and adaptive processes of immunity and inflammation. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease that is widely understood to be caused by a combination of genetic predisposition, aberrant immune responses, etc.

Methods

To examine the relationships between genetically determined platelet indices and IBD, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Data associated with platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT) were used from the UK Biobank. The outcome data, including IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), were from the FinnGen database. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median methods were used for MR analyses.

Results

The MR estimations from the IVW approach show a significant connection between PLT and IBD. Similarly, PCT and IBD have a relationship following the IVW and MR-Egger approaches. While PLT and PCT have strong relationships with CD, according to the findings of all three approaches respectively. Nevertheless, PDW was the only relevant indicator of UC. The only significant result was IVW’s.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the fluctuation of platelet indicators is of great significance in the development of IBD. PLT and PCT have a close association with IBD and CD, respectively; PDW only has a connection with UC. Platelets play an important role in the progression of IBD (UC, CD).
Developing an advanced diagnostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma through multi-omics integration leveraging diverse cell-death patterns
Authors: Wang Chengbang , Yang Guanglin , Feng Guanzheng , Deng Chengen , Zhang Qingyun , Chen Shaohua
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), representing more than 80% of primary liver cancer cases, lacks satisfactory etiology and diagnostic methods. This study aimed to elucidate the role of programmed cell death-associated genes (CDRGs) in HCC by constructing a diagnostic model using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data.

Methods

Six categories of CDRGs, including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis, were collected. RNA-seq data from blood-derived exosomes were sourced from the exoRBase database, RNA-seq data from cancer tissues from the TCGA database, and scRNA-seq data from the GEO database. Subsequently, we intersected the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the HCC cohort from exoRBase and TCGA databases with CDRGs, as well as DEGs obtained from single-cell datasets. Candidate biomarker genes were then screened using clinical indicators and a machine learning approach, resulting in the construction of a seven-gene diagnostic model for HCC. Additionally, scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptome sequencing (stRNA-seq) data of HCC from the Mendeley data portal were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of these seven key genes and their association with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Finally, we validated the expression of key molecules in tissues and blood-derived exosomes through quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry experiments.

Results

Collectively, we obtained a total of 50 samples and 104,288 single cells. Following the meticulous screening, we established a seven-gene diagnostic model for HCC, demonstrating high diagnostic efficacy in both the exoRBase HCC cohort (training set: AUC = 1; testing set: AUC = 0.847) and TCGA HCC cohort (training set: AUC = 1; testing set: AUC = 0.976). Subsequent analysis revealed that HCC cluster 3 exhibited a higher stemness index and could serve as the starting point for the differentiation trajectory of HCC cells, also displaying more abundant interactions with other cell types in the microenvironment. Notably, key genes TRIB3 and NQO1 displayed elevated expression levels in HCC cells. Experimental validation further confirmed their elevated expression in both tumor tissues and blood-derived exosomes of cancer patients. Additionally, stRNA analysis not only substantiated these findings but also suggested that patients with high TRIB3 and NQO1 expression might respond more favorably to ICB therapy.

Conclusions

The seven-gene diagnostic model demonstrated remarkable accuracy in HCC screening, with TRIB3 emerging as a promising diagnostic tool and therapeutic target for HCC.
Retroductal dexamethasone administration promotes the recovery from obstructive and inflammatory salivary gland dysfunction
Authors: Hwang Seungyeon , Cho Jae-Min , Yoon Yeo-Jun , Seo Sunyoung , Hong Yongpyo , Lim Jae-Yol
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Salivary gland dysfunction, often resulting from salivary gland obstruction-induced inflammation, is a prevalent condition. Corticosteroid, known for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, is commonly prescribed in clinics. This study investigates the therapeutic implications and potential side effects of dexamethasone on obstructive sialadenitis recovery using duct ligation mice and salivary gland organoid models.

Methods

Functional and pathological changes were assessed after administering dexamethasone to the duct following deligation 2 weeks after maintaining ligation of the mouse submandibular duct. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide- and tumor necrosis factor-induced salivary gland organoid inflammation models were established to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of dexamethasone.

Results

Dexamethasone administration facilitated SG function restoration, by increasing salivary gland weight and saliva volume while reducing saliva lag time. Histological evaluation revealed, reduced acinar cell atrophy and fibrosis with dexamethasone treatment. Additionally, dexamethasone suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF expression. In a model of inflammation in salivary gland organoids induced by inflammatory substances, dexamethasone restored acinar markers such as AQP5 gene expression levels, while inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL6, as well as chemokines CCL2, CXCL5, and CXCL12 induction. Macrophages cultured in inflammatory substance-treated media from salivary gland organoid cultures exhibited pro-inflammatory polarization. However, treatment with dexamethasone shifted them towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype by reducing M1 markers (Tnf, Il6, Il1b, and Cd86) and elevating M2 markers (Ym1, Il10, Cd163, and Klf4). However, high-dose or prolonged dexamethasone treatment induced acino-ductal metaplasia and had side effects in both in vivo and in vitro models.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest the effectiveness of corticosteroids in treating obstructive sialadenitis-induced salivary gland dysfunction by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.
In-situ vibrational spectroscopic observation for thermally activated structural changes of 100% cellulose nanofiber molding with ultralow friction
Authors: Okubo Hikaru , Ishikawa Tomori , Hashiba Hiromi , Inamochi Toru , Nakano Ken
Published: July 2024

This paper reports the thermally activated ultralow friction of 100% cellulose nanofiber (CNF) molding. The mechanism of friction reduction was investigated using a laboratory-built in-situ Raman tribometer. Our experimental results showed that a CNF molding exhibited an ultralow friction coefficient of below 0.04 in a CNF ring and steel disk tribopair under high-temperature conditions (T > 100°C). The results of the temperature-rise friction test showed that the friction coefficient of the CNF molding strongly depended on the temperature and decreased linearly with increasing temperature. The in situ tribo-Raman monitoring results, during friction, indicated a change in the structure of the CNF molding. Therefore, the crystallinity indices and lengths of the CNF fibers gradually changed as the temperature increased. Moreover, transfer tribofilms were observed on the counter-steel surface against the CNF rings. When the CNF molding exhibited thermally activated ultralow friction, the tribofilm was mainly composed of cellulose and graphitic carbon. Our results suggest that the thermal and friction-activated structural transformations of CNF molding and CNF-derived transfer film formation are pivotal factors contributing to the ultralow friction phenomenon observed in CNF molding at high temperatures.
Communicating pain: emerging axonal signaling in peripheral neuropathic pain
Authors: Testa Livia , Dotta Sofia , Vercelli Alessandro , Marvaldi Letizia
Published: July 2024

Peripheral nerve damage often leads to the onset of neuropathic pain (NeuP). This condition afflicts millions of people, significantly burdening healthcare systems and putting strain on families’ financial well-being. Here, we will focus on the role of peripheral sensory neurons, specifically the Dorsal Root Ganglia neurons (DRG neurons) in the development of NeuP. After axotomy, DRG neurons activate regenerative signals of axons-soma communication to promote a gene program that activates an axonal branching and elongation processes. The results of a neuronal morphological cytoskeleton change are not always associated with functional recovery. Moreover, any axonal miss-targeting may contribute to NeuP development. In this review, we will explore the epidemiology of NeuP and its molecular causes at the level of the peripheral nervous system and the target organs, with major focus on the neuronal cross-talk between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Specifically, we will describe how failures in the neuronal regenerative program can exacerbate NeuP.
The effect of body weight-supported Tai Chi Yunshou on upper limb motor function in stroke survivors based on neurobiomechanical analysis: a four-arm, parallel-group, assessors-blind randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Zhang Liying , Wang Jiening , Zhou Huanxia , Liao Wangsheng , Wang Naizhen , Yu Xiaoming
Published: July 2024

Introduction

A series of functional disorders commonly occur after stroke, of which upper limb dysfunction is the most difficult to recover. The upper limb rehabilitation effect of Tai Chi Yunshou(TCY) in the later stage of stroke has been confirmed by research. Body weight support-Tai Chi Yunshou (BWS-TCY) is based on TCY exercise and robotic exoskeletons offers most flexibility in deweighting and control strategy. This study is aimed to explore the effect of BWS-TCY on upper limb motor function in stroke based on neurobiomechanics.

Methods and analysis

A single-blind randomized controlled trial will be conducted on 36 stroke survivors who will be randomly assigned to three groups: experimental group, control group A and control group B. In addition, 12 healthy elderly people will be recruited into the healthy control group. Those in the experimental group will receive 20 min of CRT and 20 min of BWS-TCY training, while participants in the control group A will receive 20 min of CRT and 20 min of Robot-assisted training. Participants in the control group B will undergo 40 min of Conventional rehabilitation training (CRT) daily. All interventions will take place 5 days a week for 12 weeks, with a 12-week follow-up period. No intervention will be carried out for the healthy control group. Upper limb function will be assessed before and after the intervention using various rating scales (Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Wolf Motor Function Test, etc.), as well as neurobiomechanical analyses (surface electromyography, functional near-infrared brain function analysis system, and Xsens maneuver Capture System). Additionally, 10 healthy elderly individuals will be recruited for neurobiomechanical analysis, and the results will be compared with those of stroke survivors.

Discussion

The results of this study will offer initial evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of BWS-TCY as an early intervention for stroke rehabilitation. Positive findings from this study could contribute to the development of guidelines for the use of BWS-TCY in the early stages of stroke.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Study ID: 2022-7th-HIRB-022). The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.

Clinical trial registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/, ChiCTR 2200063150.
Moderate-dose caffeine enhances anaerobic performance without altering hydration status
Authors: Mor Ahmet , Acar Kürşat , Alexe Dan Iulian , Mor Hakkı , Abdioğlu Mekki , Man Maria Cristina , Karakaș Fatih , Waer Fatma Ben , Yılmaz Ali Kerim , Alexe Cristina Ioana
Published: July 2024

The effects of direct nutritional supplements on athletic performance are still being investigated and arouse curiosity. Only one study in the literature was found that investigated the kicking speed performance of futsal players following low-dose caffeine supplementation (3 mg/kg); thus, the question of whether caffeine supplementation improves kicking speed as well as essential physical parameters in soccer players is still controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine supplementation on vertical jump (VJ), sprint, reaction time, balance, change of direction (COD), and ball-kicking speed in soccer players. In a double-blind, cross-over design, nine moderately trained male soccer players (21.11 ± 2.02 years, 171.22 ± 6.14 cm, 71.78 ± 10.02 kg) consumed caffeine (6 mg/kg) or a placebo 60 min before completing balance, reaction time, vertical jump, agility, 30 m sprint, and ball-kicking speed tests. Greater VJ height (p = 0.01) and power (p = 0.08), and faster completion time according to the Illinois Agility Test (p = 0.08) were found following caffeine supplementation compared to placebo. Elapsed time (p = 0.01), average (p = 0.01) time, and the slowest reaction times (p = 0.016) were significantly reduced after caffeine consumption compared to placebo supplementation. Caffeine intake significantly improved VJ, agility, and reaction time (p < 0.05) but did not affect 30 m sprint, ball-kicking speed, balance, and RPE values in soccer players (p > 0.05). Although non-significant, caffeine intake also improved sprint (0.67%) and ball kicking (2.7%) performance percentages. Also, caffeine consumption did not induce dehydration, and the athletes’ body hydration levels were normal. These findings support the use of caffeine supplementation as an effective nutritional ergogenic aid to enhance anaerobic performance, at least for vertical jumps, COD speed, and reaction time, in trained male soccer players.
A case report of recurrent testicular germ cell tumor in a patient with a history of primary pulmonary germ cell tumor and a review of the literature
Authors: Tan Jian , Wu Jinfeng , Yuan Runqiang , Li Wei , Li Linfeng , Huang Hongxing , Lu Yangbai
Published: July 2024

Background

Compared to testicular germ cell tumors, the incidence of extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) is relatively low. While the lungs are a common site for metastasis of malignant germ cell tumors, primary pulmonary germ cell tumors are extremely rare.

Objective

To enhance the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of germ cell tumors, particularly extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs).

Methods

A Case Report of Recurrent Testicular Germ Cell Tumor in a Patient with Primary Pulmonary Germ Cell Tumor and a Review of the Literature.

Clinical data

The patient was initially diagnosed with primary pulmonary germ cell tumor and received standard treatment. Five years later, the patient developed a recurrent testicular germ cell tumor. The pathological results from the two surgeries were different, indicating embryonal carcinoma in the first instance and seminoma in the second.

Conclusion

For cases with a high suspicion of extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs), early pathological biopsy is essential to confirm the histological subtype and to guide the selection of the most appropriate and sensitive treatment regimen.
Case report: A case report of co-morbidity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III and urethral cancer associated with HPV16
Authors: Zhu San , Liu Yuhao , Bian Ce , Luo Yan , Zhu Manman , Yang Lingyun
Published: July 2024

In this report, we present a case of a woman with concurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III) and urethral cancer, both associated with HPV16 infection. This unique case was initially brought to attention due to postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, despite the absence of urological symptoms and negative tumor markers. An unexpected discovery of pelvic lymph node metastasis during a hysterectomy intended for CIN III highlighted the rare coexistence of these conditions, with urethral cancer also linked to HPV-16 within the urethral lesion. This case emphasizes the diagnostic challenges faced by HPV-related cervical lesions and the critical need for increased vigilance, even when urological symptoms are not apparent. The findings underline the potential complexity of HPV-associated lesions and advocate for comprehensive screening strategies to ensure the timely detection and management of such intricate cases.
Effectiveness of simultaneous bilateral visual diaphragm biofeedback under low back pain: influence of age and sex
Authors: Molina-Hernández Nerea , Rodríguez-Sanz David , Chicharro José López , Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Losa-Iglesias Marta Elena , Vicente-Campos Davinia , Marugán-Rubio Daniel , Gutiérrez-Torre Samuel Eloy , Calvo-Lobo César
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of simultaneous bilateral visual diaphragm biofeedback (BFB) from ultrasonography in conjunction with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on diaphragmatic thickness during normal breathing and respiratory and clinical outcomes in patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) and determine the influence of age and sex.

Methods: A single-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out (NCT04582812). A total sample of 96 patients with NSLBP was recruited and randomized by sex-based stratification into IMT (n = 48) and BFB + IMT (n = 48) interventions over 8 weeks. Bilateral diaphragmatic thickness at maximum inspiration (Tins) and expiration (Texp), respiratory pressures, lung function, pain intensity, bilateral pressure pain threshold (PPT), disability, and quality of life were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.

Results: The BFB + IMT group showed significant differences (p < 0.05) with increased left hemidiaphragm thickness at Tins and Tins-exp (d = 0.38–053), and right and left PPT (d = 0.71–0.74) versus the IMT group. The interaction with sex was statistically significant (p = 0.007; F(1,81) = 7.756; ηp2 = 0.087) and higher left hemidiaphragm thickness at Tins was predicted by the BFB + IMT group (R2 = 0.099; β = 0.050; F(1,82) = 8.997; p = 0.004) and male sex (R2 = 0.079; β = 0.045; F(1,81) = 7.756;p = 0.007). Furthermore, greater left hemidiaphragm thickness at Tins-exp was predicted by younger age (R2 = 0.052; β = −0.001; F(1,82) = 4.540; p = 0.036).

Discussion: The simultaneous bilateral visual diaphragm biofeedback by ultrasonography in conjunction with IMT was effective in both increasing the left diaphragmatic thickness during inspiration, which was positively influenced and predicted by male sex and younger age, and increasing the bilateral PPT of the paraspinal muscles in patients with NSLBP.
A simple PCR-based quick detection of the economically important oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) from India
Authors: Arya Varun , Narayana Srinivasa , Sinha Twinke , Kandan Aravindaram , Satyanarayana Raju Samantapudi Venkata
Published: July 2024

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a significant economic and quarantine pest due to its polyphagous nature. The accurate identification of B. dorsalis is challenging at the egg, maggot, and pupal stages, due to lack of distinct morphological characters and its similarity to other fruit flies. Adult identification requires specialized taxonomist. Existing identification methods are laborious, time consuming, and expensive. Rapid and precise identification is crucial for timely management. By analyzing the variations in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase-1 gene sequence (Insect barcoding gene), we developed a species-specific primer (SSP), DorFP1/DorRP1, for accurate identification of B. dorsalis. The optimal annealing temperature for the SSP was determined to be 66°C, with no cross-amplification or primer-dimer formation observed. The SSP was validated with B. dorsalis specimens from various locations in northern and eastern India and tested for cross-specificity with six other economically significant fruit fly species in India. The primer specificity was further confirmed by the analysis of critical threshold (Ct) value from a qPCR assay. Sensitivity analysis showed the primer could detect template DNA concentrations as low as 1 pg/µl, though sensitivity decreased at lower concentrations. Sequencing of the SSP-amplified product revealed over >99% similarity with existing B. dorsalis sequences in the NCBI GenBank. The developed SSP reliably identifies B. dorsalis across all developmental stages and sexes. This assay is expected to significantly impact pest identification, phytosanitary measures, and eradication programs for B. dorsalis.
Dynamic physiological response of tef to contrasting water availabilities
Authors: Alemu Muluken Demelie , Barak Vered , Shenhar Itamar , Batat Dor , Saranga Yehoshua
Published: July 2024

Global climate change is leading to increased frequency of extreme climatic events, higher temperatures and water scarcity. Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is an underutilized C4 cereal crop that harbors a rich gene pool for stress resilience and nutritional quality. Despite gaining increasing attention as an “opportunity” crop, physiological responses and adaptive mechanisms of tef to drought stress have not been sufficiently investigated. This study was aimed to characterize the dynamic physiological responses of tef to drought. Six selected tef genotypes were subjected to high-throughput whole-plant functional phenotyping to assess multiple physiological responses to contrasting water regimes. Drought stress led to a substantial reduction in total, shoot and root dry weights, by 59%, 62% and 44%, respectively (averaged across genotypes), and an increase of 50% in the root-to-shoot ratio, relative to control treatment. Drought treatment induced also significant reductions in stomatal conductance, transpiration, osmotic potential and water-use efficiency, increased chlorophyll content and delayed heading. Tef genotypes exhibited diverse water-use strategies under drought: water-conserving (isohydric) or non-conserving (anisohydric), or an intermediate strategy, as well as variation in drought-recovery rate. Genotype RTC-290b exhibited outstanding multifaceted drought-adaptive performance, including high water-use efficiency coupled with high productivity under drought and control treatments, high chlorophyll and transpiration under drought, and faster drought recovery rate. This study provides a first insight into the dynamic functional physiological responses of tef to water deficiency and the variation between genotypes in drought-adaptive strategies. These results may serve as a baseline for further studies and for the development of drought-resistant tef varieties.
EMDR and standard psychotherapy for paediatric cancer patients and their families: a pilot study
Authors: Zucchetti Giulia , Ciappina Sabrina , Roccia Elvia , Concas Deborah , Giordano Mario , Battaglini Chiara , Geuna Tiziana , Peirolo Claudia , Faretta Elisa , Fernandez Isabel , Quarello Paola , Fagioli Franca
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This study examined the efficacy of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy compared with standard psychotherapy (SP) in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in paediatric oncology patients and their families in the early stage of cancer treatment. The secondary aim of this study was to assess whether EMDR therapy has a different impact on post-traumatic growth compared to SP.

Methods

Forty patients were randomly assigned to EMDR or SP groups. The Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) and the Distress Thermometer (DT) were used to assess PTSD symptoms at pre-treatment (at cancer diagnosis) and in the post-treatment stages (after 8 sessions). The Post-traumatic Growth Inventory-PTGI was administered in the post-treatment stage in order to evaluate positive changes.

Results

Both EMDR and SP are effective in reducing PTSD, but EMDR was significantly more effective than the SP in reducing scores on the IES-R, especially regarding the intrusive symptom subscale. Also, in the EMDR group there were higher scores of PTGI than in the standard group.

Conclusion

EMDR thus represents a promising treatment in the paediatric psycho-oncology setting.
Causal relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and unstable angina: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Chen Yu-hang , Ren Cong-ying , Yu Cao
Published: July 2024

Background

Research from observational studies has demonstrated a link between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Uncertainty surrounds the exact genetic cause of AD and coronary heart disease, particularly unstable angina (UA). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to examine the causal genetic link between AD and UA to evaluate the impact of AD on UA.

Methods

The purpose of the bidirectional MR analysis was to investigate the link between exposure and illness causation. Genetic instrumental variables for AD were obtained from European populations using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary causal conclusions were obtained using the inverse variance weighted approach (IVW), and other sensitivity analysis techniques were employed. Sensitivity analyses were carried out to evaluate heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy to guarantee accurate MR results.

Results

An elevated risk of UA was linked to genetically predicted AD (IVW: OR=3.439, 95% CI: 1.565-7.555, P=0.002). A substantial genetic relationship between UA and the risk of AD was not supported by any evidence in the reverse study (IVW: OR=0.998, 95% CI: 0.995-1.001, P=0.190). Various MR techniques produced consistent results. Sensitivity analysis revealed no discernible heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.

Conclusions

One risk factor for UA that we found in our bidirectional Mendelian randomization trial was AD. This highlights the necessity of researching the underlying molecular mechanisms linked to AD and UA as well as the possibility of creating individualized treatment plans based on genetic data.
Malnutrition among the older adult: an additional challenge for the rehabilitation team-insights of a small population of Switzerland
Authors: Miletic Bojan , Sutter Yves , Starčević-Klasan Gordana , Courteney Udo , Jelovica Lejla , Lekić Andrica , Šegulja Silvije
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Nutritional deficiency among the older adult is a widespread concern, significantly affecting their health. The prevalence of malnutrition increases with age, concurrent health conditions, and the level of care provided. Hospital stays can affect as 90% of the older adult. Malnutrition can hinder efforts to improve health and regain function in individuals undergoing rehabilitation. This study aims to assess the frequency of malnutrition among geriatric rehabilitation patients.

Materials and methods

A retrospective quantitative analysis was conducted on 357 patients admitted to the geriatric unit at Lucerne Cantonal Hospital Wolhusen in Switzerland. The patients’ nutritional status was evaluated using the standardized Mini Nutritional Assessment Long Form questionnaire.

Results

The initial analysis indicated a considerable prevalence of malnutrition among the geriatric population: 31.1% were identified as malnourished (MNA < 17), while an additional 35.8% were at risk of malnutrition (MNA 17–23.5), totaling 66.9% of patients. The Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test revealed a statistically significant difference in MNA scores among different age groups (p = 0.035). Statistical analysis also suggested a slightly higher prevalence of malnutrition among female patients. The duration of rehabilitation varied from 20.07 ± 6.93 to 22.20 ± 7.50 days, with longer durations associated with lower MNA scores. A correlation analysis between MNA values and body mass index (BMI) showed a positive correlation coefficient (r = 0.56), indicating that lower MNA scores were associated with lower BMI and vice versa.

Conclusion

Malnutrition is prevalent among individuals over 65 years old, highlighting the importance of regular and timely nutritional assessments for geriatric patients to mitigate the complications and enhance prognoses in both acute care and rehabilitation settings. Such assessments can also improve the efficacy of rehabilitation programs and potentially reduce the duration of rehabilitation, thus carrying significant economic implications.
New insights into healthy ageing, inflammageing and frailty using metabolomics
Authors: Abdullah Genna , Akpan Asangaedem , Phelan Marie M. , Wright Helen L.
Published: July 2024

Human ageing is a normal process and does not necessarily result in the development of frailty. A mix of genetic, environmental, dietary, and lifestyle factors can have an impact on ageing, and whether an individual develops frailty. Frailty is defined as the loss of physiological reserve both at the physical and cellular levels, where systemic processes such as oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to physical decline. The newest “omics” technology and systems biology discipline, metabolomics, enables thorough characterisation of small-molecule metabolites in biological systems at a particular time and condition. In a biological system, metabolites—cellular intermediate products of metabolic reactions—reflect the system’s final response to genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenetic, or environmental alterations. As a relatively newer technique to characterise metabolites and biomarkers in ageing and illness, metabolomics has gained popularity and has a wide range of applications. We will give a comprehensive summary of what is currently known about metabolomics in studies of ageing, with a focus on biomarkers for frailty. Metabolites related to amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and redox metabolism may function as biomarkers of ageing and/or frailty development, based on data obtained from human studies. However, there is a complexity that underpins biological ageing, due to both genetic and environmental factors that play a role in orchestrating the ageing process. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify pathways that contribute to functional decline in people with frailty.
The potential of live biotherapeutic products in allergic disease: current findings and future directions
Authors: Tarrant Isabel , Finlay B. Brett
Published: July 2024

With the global prevalence of allergic disease continuing to rise at an alarming rate, the need for effective and safe therapeutics is paramount. Given the critical role of the early-life microbiota on immune development, emerging research suggests the potential use of live biotherapeutic products (LBP) for the prevention and treatment of childhood allergy. However, findings are limited and inconsistent. Therefore, the present review critically evaluates the current animal and human data on the therapeutic value of LBPs in allergy, the underlying immunological mechanisms by which LBPs may mediate allergy susceptibility, limitations of the current research that need to be addressed, and future research directions. Accordingly, LBPs may protect against allergic disease through several immunological and physiological mechanisms during early-life, including regulation of Th1/Th2 balance, SCFA-induced activation of GPR41/43 and HDAC inhibition, and maturation of epithelial barrier integrity. Taken together, current findings indicate powerful immunomodulatory properties of LBPs on allergic immune response, with LBPs offering exciting potential as a novel therapeutic tool for childhood allergy. However, the efficacy of LBPs in allergy is complex and influenced by many population and methodological factors, resulting in varied therapeutic benefits. While research thus far has focused on traditional probiotic strains, greater investigation into microbial consortiums selected from the microbiota of non-allergic infants may provide greater promise as a therapeutic tool for allergic disease. Further investigation, particularly into long-term efficacy, strain-specific effects, optimal supplementation regimes, and use of multi-strain consortiums, is necessary before findings can be translated into clinical applications to tackle childhood allergic disease.
Does digital technology service foster income gains in rural villages? Evidence from China’s third agricultural census
Authors: Zhong Shunbin , Shen Weiteng , Yang Peng
Published: July 2024

The application of digital technology service like rural e-commerce service centers (RESCs) has captured considerable attention in China, but existing literature has not yet provided solid empirical evidence regarding its potential to foster rural income gains. Utilizing large-scale survey data from the Third National Agricultural Census (TNAC) of China, this study attempts to investigate the impact and underlying mechanisms of RESCs on income gains across 49,135 villages. The results indicate that RESCs significantly increase village income gains in rural China, which confirm the theory of “space of flows.” In addition, heterogeneity analysis reveals that this income increasing effect is significantly higher in eastern China, as well as in rural villages with migrant populations and college-graduate cadres. The conclusion remains robust even after conducting several robustness checks and instrumental variable estimation. Furthermore, mechanism analysis unveils that RESCs improve village income gains by promoting characteristic agricultural development, encouraging entrepreneurship, and enhancing government funding support. The findings shed light on policy implications for the design and implementation of rural digital technology policies in developing countries.
Hybrid endovascular and surgical staged approach for mycotic carotid pseudoaneurysms: a case report and literature review
Authors: Marianna Sallustro , Ilaria Ficarelli , Teresa Prisco , Armando Pontarelli , Giuseppe Foschini , Marisole Toni , Valerio Rinaldi , Priscilla Nardi , Palumbo Piergaspare , Giulio Illuminati , Vito D’Andrea , Carlo Ruotolo
Published: July 2024

Background

Mycotic carotid pseudoaneurysms represent a challenge for surgeons. They are rare and associated with high mortality and morbidity.

Methods

We reported a case of a 61-year-old man with a mycotic pseudoaneurysm of carotid bifurcation. The case was managed by a staged procedure, starting with initial endovascular control using a stent graft, followed by open arterial reconstruction using a saphenous vein graft.

Results

The patient was discharged home with a patent carotid artery and no sign of infection or bleeding. A computed tomography scan performed at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year later confirmed good patency of the graft without imaging of cerebral ischemia.

Conclusions

Mycotic pseudoaneurysms of the extracranial carotid artery are rare and should always be treated surgically. This disease, despite its rarity, requires early detection and treatment to avoid fatal outcomes. A hybrid staged approach is suggested, compared to one-staged surgery, to avoid rupture and improve clinical outcomes. This approach involves using a stent graft combined with antibiotic therapy as bridge treatment until definitive surgery can be performed to enable arterial reconstruction with an autologous graft.
Exploring veterinary students’ awareness and perception of zoonoses risks, infection control practices, and biosecurity measures in Ethiopia
Authors: Nyokabi Ndungu S. , Phelan Lisette , Lindahl Johanna F , Berg Stefan , Muunda Emmanuel , Mihret Adane , Wood James L. N. , Moore Henrietta L.
Published: July 2024

Universities and colleges are often regarded as playing a key role in educating veterinarians and animal health workers who advise farmers on herd health and animal husbandry. However, to date, studies examining veterinary students’ knowledge of zoonotic diseases of public health importance and the source of this knowledge, as well as their preparedness to respond to these diseases, have focused on the Global North rather than the Global South. This study takes Ethiopia as a case study in exploring veterinary medicine students’ knowledge of zoonosis risks, infection control practices and biosecurity measures, recognizing that it is imperative to reconcile national-level veterinary education curricula with emerging global trends, such as One Health-focused training. This training advocates for a collaborative, interdisciplinary response at local, national, and international levels to the adverse impact of zoonotic diseases on animal health and productivity, and human and environmental health. Data for this study were collected through a pre-tested online questionnaire administered to 154 veterinary students from several universities in Ethiopia. The findings of this study suggest veterinary students were aware of the public health risks posed by zoonoses and the important role that collaboration between the disciplines of human and animal health can play in addressing zoonoses and emerging health risks. However, students demonstrated poor knowledge of the need to adopt infection control measures (ICPs) and biosecurity measures to reduce occupational risks and prevent within and between herd transmission of infection. Moreover, students’ vaccination rates against zoonotic diseases associated with occupational risks, such as rabies, were low. The results of this study suggest that there are currently gaps in Ethiopia’s veterinary curriculum and that enhancing veterinary students’ access to information regarding infection control practices and biosecurity measures could contribute to reducing their future occupational exposure to zoonoses. This study highlights the policy implications of the current veterinary medicine curriculum in Ethiopia and the scope for aligning the curriculum with important global initiatives, such as One Health-focused training.