bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insight to Impact: The Effect of Protean Career Attitude on Employability Perceptions of IT Professionals
Authors: Nimmi P. M. , Zakkariya K. A. , Nezrin Reyza
Published: June 2020

In the contemporary career-scape, protean career attitude is considered as an innovative approach of employees to channel their aspirations independently and to explore their future career prospects on their own. The accelerating rate of change in the nature and types of work necessitates the development of a protean attitude, which in turn will have an impact on the employability perceptions of employees. This study postulates that protean career attitude positively influences internal and external dimensions of employability, and this influence is mediated by career insight, i.e., greater goal clarity and deeper understanding of one's skills and interest. The proposed hypotheses were tested among software engineers employed in the Information Technology (IT) industry and the results indicated that protean attitude predicted both internal employability and external employability, and career insight partially mediates the associations. The study further discusses the importance of employee-centric work culture to retain protean talents.
Contribution of Cognitive-Emotional Approach to Music Listening on Students’ Cognitive and Emotional Experience
Authors: Vidulin Sabina , Plavšić Marlena
Published: June 2020

It was explored whether cognitive-emotional and standard approach to music listening in music teaching contribute to different students’ cognitive and emotional experiences regarding the artworks Masquerade, Wellington’s Victory, Scheherazade, and Pavane. Results reveal advantages of the cognitive-emotional approach, as well different contribution of the four music pieces in fostering music listening.
Diagnóstico e tratamento da hemorragia digestiva baixa
Authors: Costa Alice Frazão , Baetas Ana Carolina Furtado Ribeiro , Oliveira Andressa Viana , Guinhazi Natália Pezzin , Pimenta Raissa de Sousa Marinho , Coelho Raphaela Antunes , Oliveira Ana Paula Santos , Maneschy Rodrigo Bona , Garcia Hamilton Cézar Rocha
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Analisar o diagnóstico e tratamento para HDB, considerando modo de realização, indicação, grau de recomendação, precisão diagnóstica, eficácia. Método: Revisão bibliográfica das bases de dados Journal of Coloproctology, World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Guidelines e artigos da plataforma Scielo preferencialmente nos últimos 5 anos. Resultados: No total, foram coletados 35 artigos e estando 11 nos critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Um bom diagnóstico de HDB baseia-se em boa anamnese e exames laboratoriais e de imagem, sendo a colonoscopia o exame mais utilizado e a angiotomografia em ascensão dentro dos padrões diagnósticos. As condutas mais utilizadas e com a melhor resposta terapêutica são a reposição oral de ferro para sangramentos leves, terapia anticoagulante e a Talidomida. A terapia endoscópica, mesmo recorrente, não apresenta uma resposta comprovadamente satisfatória. O tratamento cirúrgico é considerado para pacientes graves e com indicações para tal, uma vez que possuem altas taxas de mortalidade e complicações.
Gender Stereotyping In School And Its Impacts On Primary And Middle Level Schooling
Authors: Naz Arab , Hussain Sajjad , Hussain Basharat , Shah Naqeeb
Published: June 2020

Gender stereotypes play an important role in socialization and gender role formation in educational spheres. School environment, class room, teachers, class room environment, text books and curriculum present and portray the masculine ideology. School curriculum and text books are perpetuating a masculine and dominant trait which decreases female portrayal that effect their potentialities and capabilities at school level and even their empowerment in the larger social structure. Similarly, teacher’s attitudes and behavior in formation of student’s personality is also playing a pivotal role during the class and curriculum development. The current study thus investigates that how gender stereotypes developed during classroom, teaching of subjects, curriculum and text books. The data has been collected from 100 students of two primary and two middle schools selected through purposive sampling technique and the data was collected through structured interview schedule. The data has been analyzed through SPSS while both descriptive and inferential statistics has been utilized for discussion over the results. The study thus conclude that school text, curriculum, attitude of the teacher towards male students in the class are the major reasons promoting gender stereotypes which may affect women status and empowerment.
Gender Inequality And Its Impact On Economy – A Case Study Muslim Countries
Authors: Zaheer Rummana , Hussain Bilal
Published: June 2020

There is an immense need for muslim countries to recognize the importance of women especially in education and their well-being in order to establish a prosperous society from economic perspective. A cross-section data of 1forty-nine muslim countries was analyzed along with theoretical and empirical explanation of few outlier muslim countries who were economically robust but paradoxically showed low gender-equality profile. The results in few cases showed very different results than expected however those cases in general belonged to oil-rich countries, where their strong economy stands only on the export of oil and its derivatives. The extreme case of Qatar, which has a big per-capita income however its gender inequality profile was comparable to Pakistan, whose per-capita income was only three percent as that of Qatar. Moreover, Saudi Arab’s per capita income is ten times more as that of Pakistan but its gender equality profile much less than Pakistan’s. Apart from these few cases, the variable explaining the robustness of an economy, roughly regressed negatively with the gender inequality profile, showing that observing gender equality will have positive effects on the economy of muslim countries.
Femininities In The Discourse Of Khawateen Digest Of Pakistan
Authors: Sheikh Asmat A. , Ahmad Naveed
Published: June 2020

Khawateen Digest, an Urdu magazine, is one of the important repositories of feminine culture in Pakistan from many decades. This work attempts to explore Khawateen Digest for representation of women and provides a focus on the traditional and patriarchal female images. It endeavours to analyse issues of women as discussed in Khawateen Digest from the feminist perspective of Millet (1970) and Weedon (1987) who opine that women's social roles in patriarchal societies are defined by men. Moreover, at times, the use of language for secondary sex is not only exploitative but also sexually abusive in the respective magazine. The analysis centers on magazines as linguistic and semiotic constructs. The linguistic and semiotic content of the magazine has been encoded from a masculine and patriarchal perspective and the researcher has tried to decode it from feminist linguistic (Cameron 1998) perspective. Hence, this article is an effort to highlight the exploitative, demeaning, belittling, subjugating, subordinating, controlling and marginalizing representations of women through the analysis of linguistic and semiotic content of KHAWATEEN DIGEST.
Rural Women’s Workload: Implications for Socio-Economic Development of Baluchistan
Authors: Rasheed Abdul , Arshed Riffat , Baloch Zeenat Sana
Published: June 2020

This paper is based on the descriptive sample survey carried out mainly to highlight the issues of heavy workload of rural women within the conceptual framework of triple burden in two districts of Pishin and Mastung and also to explore its research and policy implications in the broader context of province. The key findings include: The burden of reproduction is directly related with domestic workload and was found high in both the districts indicating high fertility with serious health implications. Comparatively speaking, Women in Mastung were found to be involved in greater number in economic activities than Pishin reflecting their high level of deprivation and relatively more cultural freedom. Moreover, they have more control over their income indicating their higher degree of empowerment. Spending priorities reflect that women in Mustang give more importance to education and health. The study concludes heavy workload of rural poor women in terms of domestic chore and reproductive activities provides meaningful insights and suggestions to cope with the problem of exploitative workload.
Representation Of Muslim Women In E-Media Caricatures
Authors: Khan Azka , Rasul Sarwet
Published: June 2020

This paper attempts to gain an understanding of the ways in which Muslim women are presented on the E-media in the broader world community by identifying and examining the linguistic and visual signifiers used in the caricatures. The sample selected for the current research work consists of 22 caricatures disseminated on the World Wide Web between years 2012 - 2013. From a theoretical perspective, the socio-cognitive approach to CDA introduced by Van Dijk (1992, 1993, 2000, 2012) on communication of ethnic biases and racial prejudices is combined with the visual semiotic model by Roland Barth (1978). The two approaches are merged to examine linguistic and visual aspects of caricatures for identifying signs which construct certain identities of Muslim women. This paper argues that in the collected caricatures the identity of Muslim women is constructed as distant and different from the (Western) social norm. The iconic images or visual identifiers used, function to transfer all the biased imagery and prejudice about Muslim women to the actual situation. Thus they serve the purpose to authenticate the stereotypical identity. This paper claims that the social caricatures collected, depict racial and ethnic prejudices against Muslim women.
Attitude Towards Acceptability Of The Girl Child In Families Belonging To Upper And Lower Socio-Economic Class
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Athar , Ahmad Imtiaz , Qadar Amber
Published: June 2020

The present study was an attempt made to determine the discrimination as practised against the girl child and as expressed through the attitudes of girl children themselves and their parents. In order to test the hypotheses, an A x B factorial design (A denoting subjects and B socioeconomic status) with each variable at two levels: girls and mothers, and upper and lower class areas, respectively and 50 replicates in each cell (N=200), was employed to study the differences on the main effects and their interaction. One hundred girls ranging from seven to 13 years of age and those having brothers were selected along with their mothers. Their responses were obtained on the two Attitude Scales (one meant for the girl child and the other for the parent) having fairly high test-retest reliability and criterion-related validity. These responses were verified by an interview of the subjects taken later on. The attitude scores of subjects, computed as per standard procedure, were subjected to statistical tests to determine differences in discrimination. The results showed the F-ratio calculated for the main effect ‘girls and their mothers’ and ‘upper and lower class’ to be highly significant.
Analyzing Level Of Sexual Harassment And Exploitation Of Female Domestic Workers
Authors: Manzoor Seema , Rehma Dua -e- , Qureshi Misbah B. , Shahid Muhammad
Published: June 2020

This study aims to establish the understanding and producing realistic information about the level of sexual harassment and exploitation of female domestic workers. The study has also tried to analyze the issues which affect the life of women working as domestic workers and facing great challenges. In Pakistan number of female domestic workers is growing dut to poverty, lack of education and inflation. By using quantitative research method researcher has analyzed different factors and circumstances which these women are experiencing, different areas of Karachi are chosen as universe of population for this study. Whereas, convenience and purposive sampling techniques of non-probability sampling method are used in order to collect the data by hundred respondents from different areas of Karachi. In Pakistan now more women are connected to labour force due to increased employment opportunities, on the other hand women are doing work outside their homes to gain their economic independence and the rights and social standing like men in the family and society. But they face exploitation, sexual harassment and discrimination.
Women And Media: An Ethical Analysis
Authors: Perveen Abida , Shazad Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Media is the collective communication outlets or tools that are used to store and deliver information or data. Media means technology that is intended to reach a mass audience. Ethics is the branch of knowledge that tests with moral principles. Ethics is a system of the ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and society and is also described as moral philosophy. Media ethics are a complex topic because they deal with an institution that must do things that generally people in ordinary circumstances would not do, those communication ethics focuses on moral characters, social values related to the women protection the significant segment of the society. Women play on important role in reforming the society. The media has a critical role to play in shaping people’s opinion and perceptions through the way it reports the news of women issues. There are some important ethical considerations which the media should take into account before reporting on women’s problems. The media also needs to focus on different aspects of the society at large to gradually bring awareness regarding the status of women and change orthodox mindsets which are based against women. This article discusses ethical consideration of media regarding women issues.
Determinants of Girl’s School Enrollment In Pakistan
Authors: Cheema Ahmed Raza , Iqbal Mazhar
Published: June 2020

The developing countries like Pakistan are facing the problem of low girls’ school enrolment rate. The study estimates the determinants of girls’ school enrolment by employing Binary Probit modal using the PSLM data 2010/11.The results show that though the education of both mother and father affect positively the girls’ school enrolment, yet the former affects it more as compared to the latter. The relationship between age of children and school enrolment is of inverted ‘U’ shaped. Foreign remittances and land ownership have more chances to affect the female school enrolment. School distance and poverty are major problems for female school enrolment. Further, females have more chances of school enrolment in urban areas as compared to rural ones. The results at provincial level reveal that mother’s education has more chances to affect the probability of girls’ enrolment in Sindh followed by Punjab as compared to KPK and Baluchistan. At a policy level government should pay more attention on girls’ school enrolment who are to become mothers tomorrow. The government should provide schools as near as possible to their homes. Free education should be provided especially for the poor. The ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development should be made more effective in searching out jobs abroad.
Relationship Between Patriarchy And Customary Social Practices Affecting Women’s Life In Pakistan
Authors: Tabassum Naima , Tabassum Huma , Afzal Tabassum
Published: June 2020

Explaining the nature and prevalence of patriarchal culture and eight anti women socio-cultural practices (i.e. Dowry, Watta Satta, Walwar, Honour Killing, Wanni, Swara, Marriage with the holy book of Quran, and Child marriage), this paper explores a relationship between people’s perceptions about patriarchy and anti women socio-cultural practices as sources of crime and violence against Pakistani women. The paper is based on primary data collected through survey conducted with a close ended questionnaire developed by the researcher. The collected data was statistically analyzed to test hypotheses. It argues that socio-cultural practices and the patriarchy are perceived as factors leading to crime and violence against Pakistani women. It is found that the respondents scoring higher on the scale for assessing perceptions regarding “patriarchy as a factor leading to crime against women” also score higher on the scale for assessing the “socio-cultural practices as factor leading to crime against women” in Pakistan. Therefore, it is inferred that there is a positive correlation between respondents’ perceptions regarding patriarchy and socio-cultural practices as factors leading to crime against women in the country. It means patriarchy is the basic system that fosters crime and violence against women through the tools of anti women socio-cultural practices in Pakistan.
Linguistic Representation Of Sports Women In Pakistani English Newspapers
Authors: Khan Qaisar , Shahid Maria B. , Ihsan Sohni
Published: June 2020

Women are integral to social progress and development. They participate in all walks of life and contribute their fair share for the overall good. Globally, they have been contributing in sports and have brought a positive change in the outlook of societies in favour of gender balance. Conversely, primitive and less developed societies restrict women to domestic sphere and discourage them to participate in public life. They also view sports as masculine domain and frown upon the participation of women in any sports. In Pakistan, the situation is no less different and with a predominantly patriarchal social structure, the country does not cater to the needs of female players in provision of facilities and infrastructure. Despite the growing number of renowned female players, the attitude of the people in general and the government in particular is biased and discriminatory. This study intends to qualitatively analyze newspaper reports through the application of linguistic tools. The reports are purposively selected from published Pakistani English newspapers about women sports available online. The findings reveal that women are underrepresented and narrowly described for their achievements. The study further reveals that they are faced with the challenge to overcome conservative cultural narrative that discourages female sports.
Gender Differences In Resilience, Coping And Quality Of Life Of Oncology Nurses In Pakistan
Authors: Naz Sajida , Saeed Naima , Muhammad Aazadi Fateh
Published: June 2020

This research was carried out to explore the gender differences in resilience, coping and quality of life of oncology nurses. It is evidenced through the literature that oncology nurses face different stressors because of complexity involved in their profession. This research attempts to investigate the impact of resilience and coping strategies on quality of life of nurses along with identifying nature of gender differences in each domain. A total of 300 oncology nurses (150 males and 150 females) participated in cross sectional survey based study. Trait and State Resilience Checklist, Brief Cope Scale and WHO Quality of Life scale were used to assess resilience, coping strategies and quality of life respectively. Results indicated significant gender differences in terms of coping strategies and quality of life. Moreover, resilience came out to be a strong predictor of quality of life in nurses. Findings of the study are discussed in terms of policy towards nursing stress management and coping intervention.
Socio-Economic Impact And Status Of The Islamic Perspective Of Veil
Authors: Jahangir Shagufta , Manzoor Asma , Kalyanvi Imran ul Haq
Published: June 2020

The Persian language word ‘Purdah’ and in Arabic ‘Hajab’ used for veil. Veil used by women for being segregation, protection and escaped from men. In one way or the other veil not invented by Muslims. It continuously used in ancient as well as modern civilizations by women. Developed nations have blamed the use of veil an obstacle in the process of development. Therefore, modern nations have struggled to get rid of the use of veil. They argue that it is a sign of slavery for women and it is an obstacle in the path of development. The modern secular or liberal educated Muslims considered veil as the biggest obstacle for social and economic development. It makes a woman helpless, as being zanjir (chain) in her feet. It has become an obstacle in the process of development for women. It is consider as a tool for segregation among men and women. The so-called Muslims of the modern era are trying to introduce changes in religion by imitation the modern nations of the world. In particular, ways for Muslim woman use of veil in Islam is must. It is a right provided her by religion. It provides her strength. Veil is a sort of obstacle that the splitting of Muslim space between men and women, and has gone auxiliary in creating the gap both in public and in private today. Muslim females deem that veiling is a constraint of modesty and a mark of duty to God; other women squabble that the veil is pinpointing of defense from the patriarchal prioritization of women’s corporeal and sexual pleasant appearance. In the Holy Quran word, ‘Hajab’ is use 7 times. Women adopt Islam is against domination and forceful practice of veil, as a part of teaching of Islam as a protection. This article aims at: (1) historical background of veil and its existence in civilizations, (2) Socio-Economic impact of it on women, (3) Meaning and interpretation of veil in Islamic context, followed by concerted bibliography.
Analyzing Speech Acts In The Pakistani Social Media Scenario: A Gender-Based Comparison
Authors: Ahmad Anmol , Farrukh Fizza
Published: June 2020

Gender studies have been an invigorating field of study under numerous lenses. Such explorations explore the inimitable distinctiveness and resemblance between the two genders. Correspondingly, this study focuses particularly on written communication of Pakistanis. Utilizing Searle’s Taxonomy for Speech Acts (1969) and Wulandari (2014)’s Taxonomy for Speech Act Functions, this research investigates differences and similarities of language use among Males and Females on the online social platforms of Facebook and Twitter. Data comprises of a thousand utterances accounted from selected social mediums. Results reveal Pakistani Males tend to use Expressive Acts often within their language while updating their status messages on Facebook and Twitter; contrastingly, Pakistani Females prefer to employ the Directive and Assertive Acts frequently in their language used in Facebook and Twitter status updates. Furthermore, Pakistani Males utilize the medium for informing their potential audience about various topics. While, Pakistani Females make use of the status messages to achieve multiple purposes, including: informing, suggesting and asserting. Through application of ANOVA, study’s results validate linguistic differences in language use of Pakistani Males and Females. It corroborates the fact that gender-based differences are part of the identity of a person and these are reflected through the medium of language elaborately.
Socio-Economic Conditions Of Hindu Women In Karachi With Special Reference To Narainpura Karachi
Authors: Saeed Naima , Rehman Tansif ur , Shahzadi Hina
Published: June 2020

The religious minority constitutes an anomaly within the discourse of national identity in Pakistan. They become an anomaly because their existence as citizens of Pakistan highlights the contradictions within the theory that, the State of Pakistan was created for the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. Hindus are the largest religious minority in Sindh, but facing discrimination at all levels, i.e., economic, social, political, and legal. They are living as a second-class citizen of the country. While, the women who belong to these minority groups are facing double discrimination, firstly as a woman, and then as a Hindu. It is an exploratory research which was conducted in Narainpur (Karachi), which is one of the oldest residential areas of the city, and represents the largest population of Hindu minority, i.e., 60,000 to 70,000. The entire population of Narainpur comprises of poor and lower middle class, as most of the population works as sweepers, housemaids, laborers in KMC, and sellers. Interview schedule was used to collect data from the respective respondents. Result show that health conditions of the women of this locality needs improvement.
Challenges Faced By Women Orphans’ Caregivers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Yousuf Sundus , Khan Bushra
Published: June 2020

Wellbeing of an orphan caregiver affects the child-rearing practice, which in turn could affect the growth and development of the orphaned child. Challenges faced by women orphan caregivers make caring a more extraneous task. A qualitative study was designed, to investigate the challenges faced by women orphan caregivers. Data was collected from SOS children village, an internationally recognized orphanage located in Karachi, Pakistan. An open ended interview was conducted with 17 women orphan caregivers employed at the organization through interview schedule. Various themes were identified. Two major themes indicating challenges were identified; professional or organizational level and personal level that were further divided in sub themes and analyzed. Results indicated that caregivers themselves were abandoned and suffered from psychological disturbances and lacked in awareness of effective coping skills. Orphan caregivers faced distress due to inability to effectively handle hectic routine at the orphanage, low salary, and lack of knowledge and skill to address diverse needs of all children. Overall, caring for orphans is a challenging job and it is recommended that orphan caregivers are provided with professional support to cope with psychological issues; and training on caregiving knowledge and skills to effectively handle children with diverse needs. This could eventually help in improving wellbeing of the caregivers and enhancing overall development of the orphans.
Balochi Oral Literature and Gender Construction
Authors: Shah Nadil , Sultan Rana Saba , Kaker Bashir
Published: June 2020

Language plays a vital role for the shaping of the social structure of a society. Similarly, proverbs are the significant part of any language being used in a day to day communication. These proverbs are transformed and transferred from generation to generation in according to the social events and conditions. The current study carried out on representation of women in Balochi language proverbs. The purpose of this study was to critically analyze the gender representation of women in Balochi language Proverbs. In present study purposive sampling technique is used to collect data. The data were collected from four books on Balochi proverbs among them 15 proverbs are critically analyzed. All those proverbs which represented women are taken and analyzed. Moreover, the Hegemonic masculinity, hegemony and social constructionism theories are used to analyze the data. The findings of this study suggests that women are represented in a gendered way depicting her role as dependency, submissiveness, marginalized and lack agency whereas men have been portrayed as powerful, brave, ruler and holds greater autonomy over economic, social, religious and political domain.
Qualitative Exploration Of Violence Against Women (VAW) Regarding Social And Cultural Trends Among Women In Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Seema , Rehma Dua e , Abrar Naheed
Published: June 2020

Violence against women (VAW) and women issues have appeared to be growing threat for women globally, especially violence against women are causing severe social and health problems due to social and cultural trends. Many researchers have been involved in conducting research so far, but root causes and solutions are not yet explored to eradicate the issue. This study is an attempt to provide a clear understanding of the qualitative exploration of violence against women regarding social and cultural trends among women in Pakistan. By using qualitative research method researcher has analyzed different factors and circumstances which these women are experiencing. For this purpose case studies research methods is used to analyze specific issues within the boundaries of a specific environment and situation, because case study research method is explanatory, descriptive and exploratory in nature. In this study five case studies are incorporated to access the history and current scenario regarding violence against women in Pakistan by using unstructured interview schedule. Two hospitals (private and government) were selected as a universe of the study, and the respondents were purposively selected for conducting interviews in detail. The findings of this study reveal that the respondents have faced many types of violence all through their life, which includes psychological and physical abuse by males within or outside the family, which includes hitting, slapping and shoving and other social evils like honor killing, rape, incest, acid throwing and burning and etc. It is about high time and the need of the time for media and health professionals along with the public sector to highlight the problems at mass level and to take up the challenge for appropriate actions to curtail highly prevailing social evil (VAW).
An Analysis Of Women Empowerment In Pakistan With Reference To Musharraf’s Regime
Authors: Qadri Suwaibah , Gilani Sidrah , Khurram Paras
Published: June 2020

The term ‘women empowerment’ has now become an essential and debatable issue around the globe. In the development of a state role of women is considered as an important factor for socio-economic progress, and is essential for the growth and development of civilizations. This article studies the policies related to empower women in the ruling era of General Pervaiz Musharraf. The Islamization during Ziaul- Haq’s regime provided strength to the roots of gender discrimination and male dominance in the society by supporting misleading concepts of Islam about control and suppression of women. The governments of post-Zia period timely understood the importance and significance of female in the development of a nation and worked positively in this direction. The empowerment of women in Mushraf’s era received enormous appreciation as he considered women empowerment as the most important factor for economically stable and progress of nation. In spite of, resistance from various social, religious and political sectors; the policies and amendments made during Musharraf’s regime to empower women had the potential to produce effective results. Due to lack of support from societal and political individuals, the preceding governments failed to implement those policies; therefore the goal of providing education, health, justice and respect cannot be fulfilled. The study suggests that better mechanism is required to implement policies for the protection of women’s rights so that they become more equally active member of the society and play their vital role in the development of the country.
Harassing The Mentors: A Phenomenological Study In Cross Gender Perspective
Authors: Asrar Zaeema , Hussain Syed Waqas , Mubeen Muhammad
Published: June 2020

The phenomenon of sexual harassment in an educational setup has been an unpinned topic. With more than 47% of the teaching staff in educational institutions females, the situation is getting worst on the esteem and honour of the profession. The nobles of the profession are on the target of harassment by none other than their own students. This paper explores particular type of sexual harassment in an attempt to understand and apprehend the essence, meanings and elements of the sexual harassment caused by male students towards their female teachers in a formal education environment. The research strategy is based on interpretive consumer research, with influences from phenomenology. The main research data was generated by face-to-face interviews from five female secondary and higher secondary teacher about their experiences of facing sexually harassing behaviours in the course of class and school. This study theoretically contributes by exploring the breadth of the issue faced by teachers and explored the defining terms, elements, reasons and responses and measure taken by the interviewed teachers.
An Analytical Study Of The Nature And Issues Of Beggars In Karachi
Authors: Jamil Imrana Saeed , Shah Nasreen Aslam , Bashir Siraj
Published: June 2020

Begging is a phenomenon that attracts global attention, particularly when it comes to children, because of their vulnerability and negative side effects on their personalities. The age of a child places him/her at a disadvantage and one of the most humiliating profession for a child is begging. According to the defining characteristics of the ILO, child begging is a form of forced child labour. By using quantitative research method researcher has analyzed different factors and circumstances which these beggars are experiencing, and the universe of population for this study is chosen as metropolitan city Karachi of Sindh, Pakistan. Whereas, convenience and purposive sampling techniques of non-probability sampling method are used in order to collect the data by two hundred and sixteen (216) respondents from various areas of Karachi city. The current study focuses on the socio-economic issues related to girls and boys beggars living in Karachi. Beggar children beg on the streets, but they build some relationships with people whom they meet on a daily basis, e.g. shopkeepers, street vendors, criminals and etc. These relationships define their behaviour and attitude, which may be positive or negative and they get acquainted with them and get involved in different activities.
Empowering Women For Sustainable Development Through Active Participation In Social Enterprise’s Sector In Pakistan
Authors: Iraqi Khalid Mahmood , Faisal Tehmina
Published: June 2020

Women are around 51% of the total population of Pakistan, and they can do miracles through their active participation in economic activities of the country. Empowering women means accrediting half of the population for sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to examine and analyze the impact of active women participation in the social enterprise sector for their empowerment, and its subsequent consequences in creation of social value in society. For this purpose, primary data has been collected through random and snowball sampling to gain insight into female practitioner’s perspective. The paper highlights women empowerment as a multi-dimensional phenomenon based on four dimensions: psychological, social, economic and political empowerment. It prime focus on active participation in the social enterprise’s sector may lead to increase in enablement of women, the data shows that majority of female entrepreneur responded that they feel psychologically empowered and have financial contribution in household expenses and in community welfare. Secondly, the paper identifies the major challenges including concern of safety and security, lack of access to financial opportunities and social acceptance of the project that restrict women entrepreneurs from progress and creation of social value. Thirdly, it intends to construct framework for recommendations to promote women social enterprises in Pakistan for sustainable development as a whole.
Gender Differences In Language Classrooms In Karachi University
Authors: Khan Kaleem Raza , Ali Shumaila Shafket
Published: June 2020

Gender discrimination in every walk of society in Pakistan is one of the major issues now. The aim of this paper is to take this issue into a language classroom and to see if gender disparity is found there. To discover this, an English language proficiency classroom was selected where the academic activities of male and female learners of English were observed for ten weeks against eight variables, namely: awareness of personality, motivation for learning English, selection of topics for class discussion, style of presentation, peer evaluation, performance in classroom activities and problem solving, performance in single-gender and cross-gender groups, and test performance. The study revealed that female students were better at cognitiveacademic language proficiency whereas male learners were better at basic interpersonal communication skills. However, it was also discovered that some of the differences were culture specific rather than based on gender, i.e. there is little or no interaction between boys and girls beyond the family or school setting, hence hesitation in cross-gender communication in classrooms. Introduction
Role of Women in International Business, Management and Trade
Authors: Qureshi Farrukh Naseem , Farrukh Tehreem
Published: June 2020

Gender balance is progressively observed as useful for business. The developing cooperation of women in the work has been a significant vehicle of worldwide development and aggressiveness. The discriminatory constraint keeps women from arriving at top positions in business, however women can contribute and add additional boost to the growth and sustainability of the economies. Countries which are open to female contribution in the economy are more economically sound. In this article qualitative technique has been used and findings reveal that women should be given equal opportunity to create women’s economic empowerment and create an inclusive system.
Gender Issues In Japan
Authors: Yamane Kazuyo
Published: June 2020

Japan ranks 8th out of 177 countries in the Human Development Index which indicates the quality of life. However, Japan ranks 54th out of 93 countries in the Gender empowerment Measure (GEM), which means that Japanese women’s participation in politics and economy is very low. Why is there such a situation? First, it is not easy for women to have a job and do household chores at the same time because men tend to be forced to work for long hours and they do not have much time for household chores and taking care of children. There are also many men who tend to think that women are supposed to do household chores and take care of children. It is necessary to change working conditions of both men and women and also educate people about the importance of equality between men and women at school and communities as well as through media. There are women’s organizations which aim to improve the lives of women and children. It is encouraging that such women have been making great efforts to solve gender issues as well as other issues on peace, human rights, the environment and sustainable development cooperating with women in the world.
Family Planning: An Important Issue In The Light Of Islamic Teaching
Authors: Ghazi Shahnaz
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research is to facilitate the understanding of family planning. The researcher also examine the issue with reference to controversy and the necessity to understand the problem and its solution is also discussed in detail. The major objective of the paper is to develop a good understanding of family planning in the light of Islamic teaching. This research paper also explores the role of different ministries and religious leaders in this regard.
The Role Of Communication In Women’s Status: A Case Study Of UNESCO Activities
Authors: Perveen Abida
Published: June 2020

This article reviews the activities and research of UNESCO related to mass media and its role enhancing the status of women in the women’s decade. The role of communication in changing the status of women is important because of its influence on our daily routine, behaviour, attitude, life styles and choices. It also highlight the initial researches conducted by UNESCO to evaluate the change in the images of women after women decade.
A Study Of The Effects Of Contaminated Water On Women Of Shanty Town
Authors: Ali Aliyah , Nadeemullah Muhammad
Published: June 2020

In today's world many environmental hazards are made due to dangerous human activities. Industrialization and urbanization both are responsible for the destruction of environment. Pollution caused by human activities can be controlled but due to fragile environmental policies and lack of implementation on environmental laws it is increasing day by day. Issue of contaminated water also needs serious attention. Humans have active relationship with environment. Due to multiple roles women perform in a society she has a closer relationship with the environment. She is responsible for fetching water, cooking food, cleaning of household and sanitation activities. Therefore any problem with the quantity or quality of water impact women directly. Lack of clean drinking water is one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to find out the effects of contaminated water on women's health in an urban slum area of Karachi.
Analyzing The Level Of Harassment Within The University
Authors: Manzoor Asma , Nadeemullah Muhammad , Hashmi Syed Faisal
Published: June 2020

Over a three decades have passed since Hall and Sandler coined the term “chilly climate” citing sexual victimization as one of many factors that contribute to an inhospitable situation for women in academia. The current study illustrates that sexual harassment remain pervasive in the University environment, profoundly and negatively affecting women students’ lives.
A Study Of Domestic Violence Among Married Women Reference To North Nazimabad (Arafat Town)
Authors: Sultan Rana Saba , Rehman Sana , Fazal Ambreen
Published: June 2020

This study is an exploratory research. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of domestic violence on married women in our society. Domestic violence is increasing day by day in Pakistani society. No day passes without the mass media reporting serious violence offences within families and households. This research was conducted to know that what are the causes and environments which create domestic violence among married women with special reference to North Nazimabad (Arafat town). It is a fact that majority of the women could hardly read or write a sentence due to this situation they cannot protect themselves from domestic violence and cannot fight for their rights legally. Majority of women living in joint family system are also facing domestic violence, so the reasons behind this can be poverty, depressing environment, societal pressures, imbalance of power between men and women, male dominancy and female ignorance about their rights in which the child is brought up. . The Abusive and violent patterns leave a lasting impression on the child behavior. In Pakistan majority of women consider the behaviors and actions of men in societies as inherited normal actions which really make them more vulnerable to any type of abuse in their home.
Elder Gothic And Atwood’s Modernization Into New Forms
Authors: Imtiaz Saman Khalid
Published: June 2020

The article investigates how the gothic tradition of early eighteenth century has evolved into its present twentieth century form by building on its staple ingredients of awe, fear, heightened imagination, dark subterranean vaults, persecuted heroines and malevolent aristocrats. During the Romantic period the external paraphernalia of gothic devices began to be internalized, which marks the most important shift in the genre. The external markers became the internal states of the individual. The consciousness, imagination and freedom of the individual tended to be valued more than his conformation to the societal norms. The focus in the modern gothic is not on the supernatural but it operates in completely human, social and familiar world. The article reviews how Margaret Atwood, a leading Canadian author implicates gothic devices in three of her novels, Surfacing, The Edible Woman and The Lady Oracle. The most frightening gothic phenomenon which haunts Atwood’s heroines is their own psyche; their gothic and heightened imagination illustrates their desires and fears in excessive forms.
Prostitution – The Dark Side Of The Sun
Authors: Farhan Sheeba
Published: June 2020

Despite of being an internationally informal as well as an outlawed industry, Prostitution has forlornly appeared as one of the most prominent and drastically progressing human trade all over the world. No matter it is a deprived societal order or a so-called developed and civilized social milieu, prostitutes are the most hated and creepy creatures when it comes to preach such intense words like respect, dignity and honor; however, when it comes to meet sexual and entertaining human desires, they are the most favorite human puppets to play with and to be forgotten, just like that. This world echoes human rights, women rights, labor rights, children rights and other debates on similar but ‘reputed’ themes, excluding the rights of this particular community. Question arises “WHY?” Because they are not counted among human, labor, children or sometimes, even, women. This is the Dark Side of our civilized society. Researchers found that our society, itself, has nurtured whoredom with various social ingredients, like hunger, poverty, deceive, anger, revenge etc. such that now we are standing in front of a deeply rooted, fully-grown tree of prostitution, which once was feeble and had boundaries; but now has complex and countless branches. In this qualitative research, this greyer shade of human life is being explored exhaustively to look into the miseries these forgotten or overlooked creatures are growing with. By interviewing several prostitutes trading in Pakistani context, it is tried to explore the key elements that usually drive them into this business. The what’s, whys, and how’s allied with the life of a Pakistani prostitute are the cornerstones of this research work. All in all, this real-time research is aimed to uncover the bitter realities and experiences of mortals we termed as ‘Prostitutes.’
Determinants Of Social Exclusion: A Sociological Analysis Of Pakistani Women
Authors: Maqsood Fauzia , Nizamuddin Mohammad
Published: June 2020

The current study, “Effects of Socio-cultural Exclusion and Community Level factors on Reproductive Health Behavior of Pakistani women” was predicated on the household survey. By using probability sampling, primary data for this study was collected from five villages and one urban community through administering individual and community level survey questionnaire. The data was gathered by interviewing 622 ever-married women in both rural and urban areas in Kasur and Lahore district respectively. The present research focuses on the socio-economic determinants of social exclusion of women living in rural and urban areas of Pakistan. It was assumed that social exclusion of women is prevalent and it’s predicated on dominant-subordination relationship of men and women. This relationship is assumed as commonly accepted amongst the various social strata of Pakistani society. A multitude of factors have come to play their respective roles in determining this dominant-subordination relationship that further anchors social exclusion of women from the mainstream social reconstruction program and regeneration of society on egalitarian determinants of power relations. Social exclusion can be measured through different benchmarks, it was measured by taking into account the level of participation of women in main socio-economic stream of life. Various indicators were identified to measure social exclusion of women namely: consultation in decision making process, political participation, participation in religious activities, and access to health services and right to cast votes during electioneering process.