bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting Ferroptosis: Acteoside as a Neuroprotective Agent in Salsolinol-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Models
Authors: Wang Hongquan , Wu Shuang , Li Qiang , Sun Huiyan , Wang Yumin
Published: February 2025

Background: Salsolinol (SAL) is a dopamine metabolite and endogenous neurotoxin that exerts neurotoxicity to dopaminergic neurons and is involved in the genesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the machinery underlying SAL-induced neurotoxicity in PD is still being elucidated. Methods: In the present study, we first used RNA-seq and KEGG analysis to examine differentially expressed genes in SAL-challenged SH-SY5Y cells. PD animal models were established and treated with acteoside. Cell viability assays, lipid peroxidation assessments (malondialdehyde [MDA] and 4-Hydroxynonenal [4-HNE]), immunoblot, and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm acteoside-mediated inhibition of ferroptosis and its neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Results: We found that ferroptosis-related pathway was enriched by SAL. SAL inducing ferroptosis through upregulating long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase family member 4 (ACSL4) in SH-SY5Y cells, which neurotoxic effect was reversed by ferroptosis inhibitors ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and deferoxamine (DFO). Acteoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside of plant origin with a neuroprotective effect, attenuates SAL-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting ferroptosis in in vitro and in vivo PD models through downregulating ACSL4. Conclusions: The present study revealed a novel molecular mechanism underlying SAL-induced neurotoxicity via induction of ferroptosis in PD, and uncovered a new pharmacological effect against PD through inhibiting ferroptosis. This study highlights SAL-induced neurotoxicity via ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target in PD.
RANBP1 Regulates NOTCH3-Mediated Autophagy in High Glucose-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Xu Zhong-jiao , Xu Jian , Lei Wen-jing , Wang Xiang , Zou Qi-lin , Lv Lin-chun , Liu Chong , Hu Wu-ming , Xiang Yi-jia , Shen Jia-yi , Wei Tie-min , Zeng Chun-lai
Published: February 2025

Background: Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) phenotypic switching under hyperglycemic conditions accelerates atherosclerotic progression. Notch receptor 3(NOTCH3), a critical stabilizer of VSMC homeostasis implicated in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) pathogenesis, ensures vascular integrity; however, its interplay with RAN Binding Protein 1(RANBP1) during pathological hyperglycemia remains uncharacterized. We hypothesize that hyperglycemia-induced autophagic dysregulation is mechanistically governed by theNotch receptor 3 (NOTCH3)/RANBP1 axis, proliferative capacity, and apoptotic signaling in high glucose (HG)-stimulated VSMCs. The aim of this study was to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in VSMCs under HG conditions, with a focus on the NOTCH3/RANBP1 axis and its implications for vascular health. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was performed on NOTCH3 sequencing data, including weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, to identify the key gene, RANBP1. In vitro experiments, including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting (WB), and flow cytometry, were conducted to examine the effects of NOTCH3 knockdown combined with RANBP1 overexpression on glucose-induced autophagy marker expression and cell viability in VSMCs. Results: NOTCH3 knockdown suppressed VSMC proliferation and induced apoptosis, and the cell cycle was stopped at the S phase. Analysis of VSMC sequencing data revealed 38 overlapping genes between the turquoise module and DEGs, 11 (HPF1, RANBP1, CRNKL1, LGALS3, RDX, ECM1, CXCL5, PA2G4, CENPS, ZNF830, and HIST1H4L) of which were significantly underexpressed in VSMC samples with si-NOTCH3. In a dose-dependent manner, HG therapy altered the expression of autophagy-related markers, upregulated NOTCH3, and downregulated phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR). Downregulation of NOTCH3 aggravated the effects of HG on cell viability and autophagy, whereas overexpression of RANBP1 reversed these effects, suggesting an offsetting effect on HG-induced autophagy. Conclusion: On the basis of sequencing technology, bioinformatics analysis and cell experiments, we conclude that the RANBP1/NOTCH3 axis is essential for the control of autophagy and survival of VSMCs under hyperglycemic stress and could provide new insight for the clinical treatment of VSMC-related diseases.
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Inhibits Cardiac Fibrosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Meng Xuyang , Li Yi , Meng Lingbing , Yang Chenguang , Xia ChenXi , Wang Xiang , Wang Fang
Published: February 2025

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a systemic syndrome primarily associated with fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular apoptosis. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a biomarker commonly used in clinical studies, exhibits protective effects on the myocardium. Therefore, the focus of the present study is to determine the mechanism by which GDF15 protects cardiac function in HFpEF. Methods: We conducted functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis on genes highly expressed in HFpEF but lowly expressed in normal samples. We established an HFpEF rat model by feeding the rats with a high-fat diet and administering N-omega-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) in their drinking water and silenced GDF15 by tail vein injection of lentivirus (L3110). After 12 weeks of feeding, echocardiographic examinations were performed. Following euthanasia of the rats, blood and heart tissue samples were collected. Heart tissue sections were stained using Masson’s trichrome and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining methods. Western blot (WB) analysis was employed to determine the concentrations of relevant proteins. Results: The echocardiographic results showed that compared with the HFpEF + MOCK group, the HFpEF+silencing GDF15 (siGDF15) group exhibited more severe cardiac dysfunction, with significant decreases in ejection fraction (p < 0.05) and E/A ratio (p < 0.001). WB results demonstrated that, compared with the HFpEF + MOCK group, the HFpEF+siGDF15 group exhibited increased expression of cardiac fibrosis-associated proteins, including collagen I (p < 0.01), collagen III (p < 0.01), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (p < 0.01). Additionally, oxidative stress-associated biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) (p < 0.01) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (p < 0.01), inflammation-associated biomarkers, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) (p < 0.01), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.01), interleukin-8 (IL-8) (p < 0.01), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (p < 0.01), and apoptosis-associated biomarkers like cleaved caspase-3 (p < 0.01) and BCL2-associated X (BAX) (p < 0.01) were also upregulated in HFpEF+siGDF15 group. Conclusions: Our research indicates that GDF15 preserves cardiac function by inhibiting myocardial fibrosis, reducing myocardial cell oxidative stress, alleviating cardiac inflammation, and suppressing myocardial cell apoptosis.
Dexmedetomidine Protects the Brain: Exploring the α2AR/FAK Pathway in Post-Stroke Intestinal Barrier Repair
Authors: Zhou Xinting , Yang Yan , Su Zixuan , Luo Zhonghui
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Globally, ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability, posing a significant challenge in clinical practice and public health. Recent studies have reported that stroke leads to the impairment of the intestinal barrier and the migration of intestinal bacteria to multiple organs. This process exacerbates neurological damage by further impairing intestinal barrier function and leading to bacterial translocation. Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an α2-adrenoceptor (α2AR) agonist, has proven anti-cerebral ischemic effects, yet its effects in post-stroke intestinal dysfunction remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether Dex mitigates intestinal dysfunction and brain injury following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods: A C57BL/6J mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used for in vivo experiments, while lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Caco-2 monolayers served as an in vitro model of intestinal barrier dysfunction. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated using neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) double labeling. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to measure pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Intestinal permeability was assessed using histological score, serum fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran fluorescence, and endotoxin levels. The expression levels of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and occludin were analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: Dex treatment significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume (p < 0.001) and improved neurological scores compared to MCAO controls. Neuronal apoptosis was significantly inhibited (p < 0.01), as evidenced by reduced TUNEL-positive cells in Dex-treatment MCAO mice. TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were markedly downregulated (p < 0.05). While MCAO increased intestinal permeability (elevated serum FITC-dextran and endotoxin levels, p < 0.01), Dex treatment restored barrier integrity. Dex upregulated E-cadherin expression significantly (p < 0.05) but did not restore the decreased levels of ZO-1 and occludin following MCAO. Dex promoted intestinal permeability repair and alleviated brain injury via the α2AR/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway in MCAO mice. Similarly, Dex mitigated LPS-induced barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 monolayers by restoring FAK expression and improving intestinal barrier integrity. Conclusions: Dex alleviates post-stroke intestinal barrier dysfunction and mitigates brain injury, possibly through activating the α2AR/FAK pathway. These findings underscore a potential therapeutic strategy for addressing secondary complications of ischemic stroke and improving patient outcomes.
Elucidating the Pathogenic Mechanism of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Through the Investigation of UTS2
Authors: Zhang Xu , Yang Liqi
Published: February 2025

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, resulting in progressive motor neuron loss and muscle atrophy. The urotensin 2 (UTS2) gene, located on chromosome 9q34.2, plays a significant role in cellular activities such as proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Notably, elevated expression levels of UTS2 have been observed in SMA patients. However, its precise contribution to disease pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of UTS2, which is overexpressed in SMA patients, in SMA cell models using a UTS2 inhibitor. Methods: We conducted genomic sequencing and bioinformatics analysis on clinical samples to identify proteins highly expressed in association with SMA. Using RNA interference technology, we suppressed SMN1 gene expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to establish an in vitro cellular model of SMA. To assess the biological consequences of SMN1 gene knockdown, we employed molecular biological techniques such as immunofluorescence, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blotting. Furthermore, we treated the SMA cellular model with the urantide UTS2 receptor inhibitor and examined its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of relevant proteins. Results: UTS2 was successfully identified as a highly expressed protein associated with SMA. A stable MSC model with SMN1 gene knockdown was established. RNA interference (RNAi) technology effectively suppressed SMN1 gene expression, leading to changes in cellular morphology and neuron-specific marker expression. Urantide intervention significantly affected both proliferation and apoptosis in the SMA cell model in a dose-dependent manner. Techniques such as the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, TUNEL fluorescence staining, and flow cytometry analysis revealed that uride decreased cell viability while increasing the proportion of apoptotic cells. Following urantide intervention, there was a notable increase in caspase-3 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels, as well as an increase in caspase-3 protein expression, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence analysis. Conclusion: We elucidated the role of the UTS2 gene in an SMA cell model, emphasizing its dysregulation and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Urantide, a UTS2 inhibitor, had significant biological effects on the SMA cell model, indicating that it is a promising therapeutic strategy for SMA. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing drug development and clinical treatment of SMA.
How Histone Sensing Drives Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wu Jia-Ping
Published: February 2025

The human DNA double helix is wrapped around proteins known as histones, which play a critical role in regulating gene expression. The goal of this opinion piece is to provide an overview of how histone sensing drives Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Histones are proteins enriched in basic amino acids. Histone acetylation plays an important role in the progression of AD as its dysregulation can lead to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, abnormal histone acetylation, a post-translation modification, is a key factor in AD as it contributes to brain cell inflammatory pathology. Thus, higher levels of histone acetylation could potentially serve as important biomarkers for the progression of AD. Here, we report that increased levels of acetylation of histones H2B, H3, and H4 in the promoter regions of Tip60 lysine acetyltransferase protein, p300/CREB-binding protein (CBP), GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases, p300/CBP-associated factor, elongator protein 3, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and Tau genes in the hippocampus and temporal lobe are associated with the development of AD-associated learning and memory impairment.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-МЕТОДИЧНІ ОСНОВИ ПЛАНУВАННЯ РІЧНОГО МАКРОЦИКЛУ ГРАВЦІВ З СОФТБОЛУ
Authors: Кулик Ніна , Сергієнко Володимир , Міщенко Олександр
Published: February 2025

У статті представлено організаційно-методичні основи планування юних софтболістів у річному макроциклі на етапі початкової підготовки. Зазначено, що софтбол виступає різновидом бейсболу, один із яскравіших ігрових видів спорту, який має різноманітний гармонійний вплив на організм гравців. Своєї популярності софтбол здобув в Америці, Західній Європі та Східній Азії і викликав інтерес в інших країнах світу, в том числі з 1989 році в Україні. Сьогодні софтбол став в один ряд із найпопулярніших масових видів спортивних ігор. Підготовка юних гравців у софтболі – складний поетапний процес, який потребує вдосконалення річного планування. Теоретично обґрунтовано зміст і структуру річного плану підготовки гравців софтболістів, що сприятиме стабільності результатів під час змагань і забезпечить прогрес їх фізичного розвитку, здоров’я і довголіття у спортивній діяльності. Доведено, що багатокомпонентність підготовки – успішна гра спортсменів, що потребує комплексного підходу в розвитку рухових якостей, вдосконаленню технічних навичок і тактичного мислення. Розроблено зміст і структуру річного плану підготовки гравців софтболістів, де сформовано завдання, зміст і методи тренувального процесу на етапі початкової підготовки. Річне планування підготовки спортсменів у софтболі обумовлене специфікою цього виду спорту, що вимагає гармонійного поєднання фізичної, технічної, тактичної і психологічної підготовки гравців. Графік річного плану гравців на етапі початкової підготовки містить розподіл тренувальних навантажень, що базуються на принципах періодизації, відповідно навантаження планується так, щоб забезпечити поступове збільшення інтенсивності в підготовчому періоді, потім досягнення «пікової спортивної форми» в змагальному періоді та відновлення у перехідному періоді. В подальших дослідженнях вбачаємо у визначенні рівня фізичної підготовленості гравців софтболістів у змагальному періоді.
РОЗВИТОК НАВИЧОК АУДІЮВАННЯ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНОГО ПІДХОДУ НА ЗАНЯТТЯХ З ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ ЯК МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА
Authors: Фельцан Інна , Теличко Наталія , Попп Діана
Published: February 2025

У статті здійснено ґрунтовний аналіз сутності мультимодального підходу та виокремлено критерії його застосування у методиці формування навичок аудіювання здобувачів освіти. У ході дослідження з’ясовано, що мультимодальний підхід, як інноваційний інструмент сучасної педагогіки, забезпечує інтеграцію різних видів модальностей – вербальної, візуальної, аудіальної у процес навчання.
Ретроспективний аналіз теорії мультимодальності в освіті дозволив відстежити основні етапи еволюції практики застосування мультимодального підходу, виявити концептуальні засади та окреслити ключові переваги, що визначають його значущість у сучасній освітній практиці.
Встановлено, що аспект аудіювання, як складова розвитку комунікативної компетенції з іноземної мови, набуває особливого значення в умовах глобалізації, цифровізації та різних форм міжкультурної комунікації. Результати дослідження підтверджують, що використання мультимодального підходу зменшує когнітивне навантаження, сприяє підвищенню мотивації до навчання та полегшує опанування складного матеріалу завдяки адаптації до індивідуальних потреб і рівня знань. Використання мультимодального підходу відповідає потребам оптимізації освітнього процесу та підвищення ефективності іншомовної освіти, а також формування соціокультурної компетентності.
Автори вивчають особливості використання підходу як методологічної проблеми, що дозволило формувати висновки про відповідність організації процесу психолого-віковим характеристикам розвитку особистості, розглянути критерії готовності педагога до роботи з засобами мультимодального впливу, його вміння інтегрувати різні методи та інструменти навчання, а також проаналізувати методичне забезпечення інтерактивних платформ, в основі принципу дії яких лежить мультимодальний вплив.
Comparative judgement without the fancy statistics
Authors: Jones Ian
Published: February 2025

Comparative judgement methods for assessment are increasingly popular. They involve assessors making comparisons about the ‘quality’ of pairs of students’ work, and the comparisons are statistically modelled to produce scores. Recently Benton and Gallacher (2018, p.25) claimed that “much of the apparent advantage of [comparative judgement] can be explained by its use of fancy statistics”. They evidenced this by applying ‘fancy statistics’ to raw scores from multiple marked essays, and comparing the predictive value of raw scores with fancy statistics outcomes. Here I take the inverse approach and compare raw scores from comparative judgement assessments with fancy statistics outcomes. I reanalysed studies from peer-reviewed outlets where the prominent measure was based on comparative judgement. I report that raw scores reduced the reliability and validity of outcomes relative to fancy statistics in about one fifth of cases. I consider the implications of the findings for using comparative judgement in educational research.
Revisiting the double-slit experiment of light: from wave theory to pulse theory
Authors: lyu zhiwei , Lv Nan , Lyu Tong
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The double-slit experiment has long been celebrated as a foundational demonstration of the wave theory of light, with classic works like Optics emphasizing its role in illustrating wave interference. However, despite its theoretical importance, optical interference patterns are rarely observed in everyday settings, leading some scientists to question the robustness of this theory in practical applications. In this study, we conduct a thorough reevaluation of the double-slit experiment, scrutinizing traditional assumptions and exploring the origins of light and dark fringes. Our experimental results reveal that these fringe patterns are not caused by light wave interference as traditionally believed. Instead, they are the result of diffraction from the vertical walls of the slits. This finding challenges the conventional understanding of wave interference and suggests an alternative model based on the pulse nature of light, where overlapping spectra can enhance energy without resulting in cancelation. These insights offer a fresh perspective on the behavior of light and open new directions for future research in optics and photonics.
Relative Effectiveness and Predictors of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia and its Components in Older Adults: Main Outcomes of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: O'HORA KATHLEEN PATRICIA , Morehouse Allison Brooke , Friedman Leah , Posner Donn , Ahmadi Maryam , Hernandez Beatriz , Burda Kristen Faye , Kushida Clete , Zeitzer Jamie , Lazzeroni Laura , Manber Rachel , Yesavage Jerome , Goldstein-Piekarski Andrea
Published: February 2025

Study Objectives: To determine the relative effectiveness and predictors of Cognitive therapy (CT), Behavioral therapy (BT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Insomnia in older adults. Methods: In a registered clinical trial (NCT02117388), 128 older adults with Insomnia Disorder were randomized to receive CBT, BT, or CT. Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score was the primary outcome. Sleep diaries, fatigue, beliefs about sleep, cognitive arousal, and stress were secondary outcomes. Split-plot linear mixed models assessed within and between subject changes in outcomes among the treatments. As a secondary analysis, we used linear regression to test predictors of insomnia symptoms improvement, including sleep diary measures, cognitive arousal, stress, beliefs about sleep, baseline ISI score, and age. Benjamini-Hochberg correction was applied. Results: All groups exhibited insomnia symptom reduction at post-treatment (CT: d=-2.53, p<.001; BT: d=-2.39, p<.001; CBT: d=-2.90, p<.001) and 6FU (CT: d=-2.68, p<.001; BT: d=-2.85, p<.001; CBT: d=-3.14, p<.001). There were no group differences in the magnitude of ISI improvement (padj=.63), response (padj>.63), or remission (ISI<8; padj>.27). All groups exhibited significant improvements in secondary outcomes at post-treatment (padj <.05) and 6FU (padj<0.05). At post-treatment, the CT and CBT groups showed greater reductions in beliefs about sleep than the BT group (FInteraction(2,185)=5.99, padj=.03), and the CBT group showed a greater time in bed reduction than the CT and BT groups (FInteraction(2,185)=7.05, padj=.01). Baseline ISI was the only treatment predictor (b=1.95, padj<.001). Conclusions: CBT-I and its components each independently result in significant improvements in subjective insomnia symptoms, beliefs about sleep, worry, and fatigue in older adults.
Sumerian civilization as the basis of human specialized psychology
Authors: Roik Boris
Published: February 2025

(Part of the Emotional Supra Genetic Theory of Universe Development. First published online on 01.01.2000)This article examines the multi-level specialization that formed within the Sumerian civilization and became the basis for the further development of the human mind, social organization and technology. The main emphasis is on the step-by-step optimization of the economic, social and genetic spheres of activity, which led to the formation of civilized societies, the development of science and the creation of complex cognitive models.Particular attention is paid to the role of linguistic programming used to transmit knowledge and form behavioral models, as well as its influence on human cognitive development and the subsequent evolution of intelligent systems.The key conclusion is that the development of civilization is aimed not only at adaptation to the environment, but also at the creation of new technologies and conditions for the emergence of carriers of higher order intelligence. This process can be considered as preparation for the creation of Artificial Intelligence, which has expanded capabilities for reflecting and transforming reality.Thus, the presented concept is part of the Theory of Emotional Supra Genetic Development of the Universe, describing the gradual development of consciousness and the formation of new levels of intelligence within the framework of natural and technological evolution.
Vaccine Misinformation and Social Determinants of Vaccine Intentions in a Pandemic
Authors: Shanker Ankit
Published: February 2025

Objective: To examine how vaccine misinformation shapes perceivedsocial norms and assess their mediating role in vaccination intentionsduring pandemics, an underexplored mechanism in misinformation'sinfluence on vaccine decisions.Methods: In a pre-registered online experiment, UK residents (n=332)were randomly assigned to either a misinformation or control condition ina hypothetical pandemic scenario. I measured changes in vaccinationintentions, first-order normative beliefs (perceptions of others'vaccination intentions), and second-order normative beliefs (perceptionsof others' beliefs about vaccine safety) before and after exposure. Causalmediation analysis using inverse odds ratio weighting assessed theindirect effects of misinformation through changes in normative beliefs.Results: The pre-post comparison revealed that vaccine intentionsdeclined 2.5% more in the misinformation condition compared to control(p = 0.024, d = 0.24). In the misinformation group, average vaccineintentions dropped from 62.4% to 59.3%, while the control group showedminimal change from 60.8% to 60.2%. Changes in first-order normativebeliefs mediated 39.52% of misinformation's total effect on vaccinationintentions.Conclusions: The findings reveal that vaccine misinformation operatesthrough dual pathways: directly affecting individual beliefs whilesimultaneously distorting perceptions of social consensus aboutvaccination.
Automated Generation of Perceptually-Uniform Circular Spaces for Novel Naturalistic Shapes
Authors: Chavez Ana Belen Carbajal , Van Geert Eline , Wagemans Johan , Morgenstern Yaniv
Published: February 2025

Shape processing holds a crucial role in higher-level visual functions, such as object recognition. Previous efforts to explore high-level vision, independent of shape influence, involved meticulous measurements to control for perceptual shape similarity across distinct stimulus sets. However, there is a compelling need for a more efficient approach to automatically synthesize perceptually uniform spaces of novel shapes. In this pursuit, we present an image-based method that autonomously generates numerous perceptually uniform and circular shape sets, eliminating the need for extensive psychophysical measurements. Our method employs a search for circular shape sets correlated with ShapeComp, an image-computable shape similarity metric based on over 100 descriptors, highly predictive of human shape similarity. Using multi-arrangement methods, we demonstrate that predicted human similarity arrangements of shape sets defined as circular and uniformly spaced by ShapeComp, align with human shape similarity judgments and approximate circularity. Notably, shape sets chosen for uniformity and circularity in alternative shape spaces (e.g., Generative Adversarial Networks or Radial Frequency patterns), but not meeting these criteria in ShapeComp, did not necessarily register as perceptually uniform and circular. Therefore, leveraging ShapeComp, we introduce an automated method for generating extensive sets of perceptually uniform and circular shape spaces. We provide five newly validated circular shape sets derived from intricate naturalistic shapes, along with MATLAB code facilitating the creation of a limitless number of such sets. This advancement empowers cognitive scientists to construct large sets of perceptually uniform stimuli, allowing for a nuanced exploration of the impact of higher-level factors on object perception.
Conservation of Natural Resources in Infrastructure Development and Climate Action - Practices in the Past and Present Scenario, and Forecast for Future
Authors: Shrestha Diwat Kumar , Praveen B. M. , Gorkhaly G.P.
Published: February 2025

Background: The conservation and utilization of natural resources in infrastructure development are crucial for achieving sustainable growth while addressing climate change challenges. The rapid expansion of infrastructure has often led to environmental degradation, necessitating a shift toward more sustainable practices.
Objective: This study aims to examine past practices, assess the current scenario, and propose future strategies for integrating environmental sustainability into infrastructure planning and implementation.
Methods: The study reviews historical infrastructure development approaches, analyzes the impact of modern industrialization on natural resources, and evaluates existing sustainable infrastructure initiatives. It also explores policy frameworks, technological advancements, and community-based solutions for fostering climate-resilient infrastructure.
Findings: Traditional infrastructure development was resource-efficient and environmentally harmonious but slow. However, rapid urbanization and industrialization, driven by heavy machinery, have led to severe environmental consequences such as deforestation, soil degradation, water depletion, and biodiversity loss. The current scenario highlights an urgent need for climate-resilient and eco-friendly infrastructure as climate change intensifies risks like extreme weather events, rising temperatures, and resource scarcity. Despite progress in adopting green technologies, weak policy enforcement and unsustainable practices persist.
Conclusion: A transition toward sustainable infrastructure requires policy reforms, the adoption of eco-friendly construction techniques, the integration of renewable energy, and active community participation. Strengthening environmental regulations, promoting circular economy principles, and leveraging advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can enhance climate-adaptive infrastructure planning.
Novelty: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of past and present infrastructure development practices while proposing innovative, technology-driven, and policy-based solutions to enhance sustainability. It underscores the need for a multi-sectoral approach to balance economic growth with environmental conservation.
Political Spirits at the Dawn and Dusk: Exploring History Through Literature
Authors: Gyawali Ramesh
Published: February 2025

The introduction of democracy in 1951 brought the enjoyment of fundamental rights for the citizens and the spirited election environment. However, the spirits could not last longer as an encroachment on democracy was forwarded by King in 1960, which altered ecstasy into resistance and rebellion. The research explores the political spirits prevalent at the beginning of the first decade of infant democracy and the rise of agitation against the despotic regime at the end of the decade, which covers the period of 2007 BS to 2017 BS through Govinda Bahadur Malla's "Chunab" and B. P. Koirala's "Ek Raat." The data on political aspects have been purposefully selected and situated against the historical document. Since this study employs the exploratory qualitative approach, primary data from the short stories are approached from the lens of new historicism, the theory of power and resistance, and the concept of state apparatus. However, literary data provide a broader horizon of historical events. The themes of election and rebellion are contrasted to discover the contrary spirits of the same decade. The results indicate that the dawn of the infant democracy is full of enthusiasm with the spirits caused by the fervor of election. In contrast, the dusk of democracy is full of despair and agitation, giving rise to resistance and rebellion. The results indicate that approaching history and historical documents through the lens of literature set simultaneously can broaden the horizon of understanding of historical events.
Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses on Kangaroo Mother Care in Selected Hospitals of Dhangadhi
Authors: Bhattarai Sarada , Thapaliya Rekha
Published: February 2025

Background: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is essential for reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm and low-birth-weight infants. However, inadequate knowledge among nurses can hinder its effective implementation. This study aims to assess nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward KMC in selected hospitals in Dhangadhi.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in selected hospitals in Dhangadhi, using a non-probability purposive sampling technique to select the hospitals and wards. The study included a complete enumeration of 115 nurses. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to gather information on Kangaroo Mother Care. The data was coded, entered into SPSS version 16, and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test).
Results: The study revealed that 45.2% of nurses were aged between 20 and 25 years, with a mean age of 27.43±5.90 years. More than half (56.5%) had completed PCL nursing. Regarding knowledge of Kangaroo Mother Care, 36.5% of respondents had good knowledge, 43.5% had average knowledge, and 20.0% had poor knowledge. Additionally, 51.3% of respondents exhibited a positive attitude toward KMC. A significant association was found between knowledge levels and both work experience and hospital type. Furthermore, a significant association was observed between attitudes toward KMC and hospital type.
Conclusion: In conclusion, nearly half of the respondents had an average level of knowledge, while more than half demonstrated a positive attitude toward Kangaroo Mother Care. Hospitals should implement comprehensive KMC protocols and targeted training to improve nurses' knowledge and attitudes.
Knowledge and Practice on Rotacap Inhalation among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in a Teaching Hospital of Pokhara
Authors: Baral Anisha , Gurung Bishnu
Published: February 2025

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a prevalent lung disease that causes restricted airflow and breathing difficulties. While COPD is incurable, proper management can help alleviate symptoms and improve patients' quality of life. Proper inhalation techniques, such as rotacap inhalation, play a crucial role in effective disease management.
Objective: The study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of rotacap inhalation among COPD patients at a teaching hospital in Pokhara.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara. The study included 111 COPD patients who were present and willing to participate. Data were collected through a structured interview schedule and observation of practice using guidelines developed by CiplaMed. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were used, while inferential statistics (chi-square test) were applied at a 5% level of significance.
Findings: The study revealed that only 18.9% of respondents had a good level of knowledge, while 28.8% demonstrated correct rotacap inhalation practice. Knowledge levels were significantly associated with age (p=0.003) and demonstration (p=0.005). Similarly, practice was significantly associated with age (p=0.002), religion (p=0.033), education (p=0.002), and demonstration (p<0.001). Furthermore, knowledge was significantly correlated with practice (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The study concludes that although COPD patients had satisfactory knowledge, their practice of rotacap inhalation remained poor. This highlights the need for targeted educational interventions, including clear instructions and practical demonstrations, to enhance both knowledge and correct inhalation practices among COPD patients.
Novelty: This study provides valuable insights into the gaps between knowledge and practice of rotacap inhalation among COPD patients in a teaching hospital setting. By identifying significant factors influencing knowledge and practice, the study underscores the necessity of structured educational programs to improve disease management.
Construction of Gender Stereotypes and Its Implications in Development Practices
Authors: Gurung Namrata Grace
Published: February 2025

Gender, as both a theoretical construct and a lived reality, remains a contested and evolving concept. Following a review method along with scientific readings, this paper articulates that feminist theorists have critically engaged with the term, challenging its binary understanding and emphasizing its fluidity. Gender is not merely a social identity but intersects with law, politics, and culture, shaping societal structures and individual experiences. The origins of rigid gender roles can be traced back to the Victorian era, which reinforced the division of public and private spheres—assigning men to public engagement and women to domestic responsibilities. In deeply patriarchal societies like Nepal, gender discrimination persists, perpetuated by ingrained stereotypes and biases that begin in early childhood and extend to professional and leadership domains. Notably, women’s internalization of societal norms further reinforces gender inequality. Despite progress, global statistics indicate that only about 25 percent of leadership positions are occupied by women, reflecting continued disparities in compensation and executive opportunities. Given the deeply embedded nature of gender discrimination, education emerges as a fundamental tool in dismantling stereotypes and fostering gender equality.
Stress Management Strategies Among Women Police Officers in Kerala: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: S Linjiya , T.T. Arun Kumar
Published: February 2025

Women police officers in Kerala face unique stressors due to the demanding nature of law enforcement, societal expectations, and challenges in achieving work-life balance. Despite their critical contributions to public safety, the stress factors affecting women in the police force and the effectiveness of existing stress management practices remain underexplored. This study seeks to address this gap by identifying the key stress factors impacting women police officers in Kerala and evaluating the effectiveness of the stress management practices currently in place.The research highlights how occupational stress, role conflicts, exposure to traumatic events, and insufficient institutional support exacerbate the challenges faced by women officers. Findings from this study aim to contribute to the development of targeted interventions and policies to enhance the mental well-being and professional performance of women police personnel. This will ensure a more inclusive and supportive working environment, ultimately improving public service delivery.
Heavy Metals Contamination in Soil and Vegetables in the Sekenke Gold Mine: Levels, Transfer and Potential Human Health Risk Analysis
Authors: Roman Priscus , Saria Josephat
Published: February 2025

Background: The main goal of this study is to evaluate the potential human health risks associated with consuming vegetables contaminated by heavy metals at Sekenke gold mine.
Methodology: Five heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn and Cr) were analyzed in soil and in green leafy vegetables (Amaranthus sp and cucurbita moschata) by XRF Rigaku Nex CG instrument, while Arsenic was examined by Atomic Absorption spectrometry (AAS) equipped with a continuous flow of Vapour Generation Accessory (VGA).
Results:  The average heavy metal concentrations in soils sample with mean average concentrations ± standard error (mg/kg) 204.646 ± 28.671 for Fe, 163.116 ± 16.658 for Cr. 52.403 ± 15.806 for Zn, 23.392 ± 18.049 for Pb, 21.331 ± 7.503 for As and 3.018 ± 0.842 for Cd. In GLV was observed that the average concentrations of As, Pb, Cd and Zn exceeded the maximum acceptable limit by FAO/WHO (2001) while Fe and Cr concentrations are lower than maximum acceptable limits. On average, Amaranthus species can contribute between 1.04% (Fe) to 7.15% (As) of the recommended daily intake (RDI) for these metals. While in Cucurbita moschata it ranges from 1.09% (Cr) to 5.47% (Cd).
Conclusion:  This study shows the contribution of non-essential elements (As, Pb, Cd and Cr) is high than essential elements (Fe and Zn). The HQ of Amaranthus sp ranges from 0.298 (Fe) to 9.930 (As) where about 67% of the analyzed metals have HQ > 1, reveals probable adverse health effects. In cucurbita sp the HQ ranges from 0.383 (Fe) to 4.41 (As). For the heavy metals analyzed the trend for HQ via ingestion, were observed that 50% of the analyzed metals have HQ > 1. Though, vegetable intake is just a proportion of food consumed, supplementary or complementary food that may include fish, rice and tobacco that are consumed can also contribute and/ increase amounts of heavy metals.
Novelty: This study is beneficial to the individuals around the mine sites dealing with mineral materials associated with heavy metal contamination that affects their health through vegetable ingestion.
Mapping Environment, Society and Governance Awareness in Nepali Banks: Insights from Quantitative Research
Authors: Bashyal Nirupama , Chalise Mahananda
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study explores the current state of ESG practices in Nepal. Given the limited research on ESG issues in the country and Nepal's commitment to achieving net zero emissions, this topic has gained significant relevance.
Objectives: The study evaluates ESG awareness and determines which ESG factors are the least or most understood.
Methods: A quantitative approach was employed, gathering primary data through a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and ANOVA tests were conducted using SPSS to conclude. Stratified random sampling was used, and the sample size was 392.
Finding: The findings revealed moderate ESG awareness, with a greater understanding of environmental and social indicators.
Conclusion: This study lays the groundwork for future research on ESG practices in Nepal's banking and other sectors and serves as a stepping stone for developing policies and strategies to leverage ESG in supporting the attainment of sustainable development goals.
Keywords: Sustainable development, sustainability, environmental, social, governance
ПРОГНОЗ РОЗВИТКУ ВНУТРІШНЬОГО РИНКУ ТУРИСТИЧНИХ ПОСЛУГ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Захарченко О.Г. , Бакіна Т.В. , Почерніна Н.В.
Published: February 2025

В статті проаналізовані основні показники розвитку туризму в Україні, зокрема обсяги капіталовкладень, динаміку доходу від надання туристичних послуг, загальний вклад туризму в ВВП. Проведено структурний аналіз динаміки туристичних потоків України за 2013-2019 роки. Виявлена суттєва перевага виїзного туризму порівняно з внутрішнім туризмом. Побудовано регресійну модель, яка відображає залежність між кількістю внутрішніх туристів та такими факторними ознаками як: транспортний пасажирообіг, середній рівень заробітної плати та кількість туристичних агенцій.
AL-GHAZALI’S FRAMEWORK OF TEACHINGS PROFESSIONAL VALUES: ANALYZING THE PEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION
Authors: Jalaldeen Jemeela , Dawood Al-Hidabi
Published: February 2025

Values are a cornerstone of education, serving as essential guides for the learning process. This article investigates the pedagogical principles articulated by Imam Ghazali, one of the most influential Muslim scholars of the 11th century, particularly as presented in his seminal work, "Ihya' Ulum al-Din." The study offers a comprehensive analysis of Ghazali's unique approach to teaching, which integrates ethical and spiritual dimensions aimed at character development, ethical conduct, and spiritual growth. Key values such as sincerity, humility, empathy, and justice are identified as fundamental to the educational experience within his framework. The relevance and application of Ghazali's ideas in contemporary educational settings, particularly in Islamic schools and institutions, is emphasized. Employing a qualitative methodology, this study utilizes textual analysis of Ghazali's works alongside secondary literature to deeply understand his pedagogical model. The findings indicate that Ghazali's focus on ethical and spiritual education provides a robust framework that is vital for addressing contemporary educational challenges in the Muslim world.
THE PROPHETIC APPROACH TO DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION: A MODEL FOR MUSLIM MINORITIES
Authors: Aroos Ashker , Mohammed Ghous Mohammed Insaf
Published: February 2025

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) serves as a model of multiculturalism and multi-ethnicity, as demonstrated throughout various phases of his biography, including the Makkah period, the migration to Abyssinia (Habasha), the migration to Medinah, the establishment of the Medinah Charter, and the Treaty of Hudaybiyah. These historical moments provide profound insights into managing diversity, tolerance, and social harmony. In today’s world, where multicultural and multi-religious dynamics are increasingly prominent, there is a pressing need for exemplary guidance to foster social cohesion. This study examines the lessons from the Prophet’s (PBUH) life that are particularly pertinent to Muslim minorities, highlighting the significance of embracing cultural and religious diversity. This research uses content analysis to draw on primary sources such as the Quran, Hadith, and Sirah books, and secondary sources such as journal articles, and online publications. The findings indicate that, whether Muslims reside as a majority or minority, they are duty-bound to respect pluralistic social orders, accommodate individuals from diverse backgrounds, and recognize differences as an essential component of social harmony while firmly upholding Islamic theological foundations, ensuring both peaceful coexistence and unwavering commitment to faith.
Keywords: Inclusivity, Diversity, Embracing Differences, Prophetic Sirah
Utility of Blood Culture Identification Syndromic Panel of Multiplex PCR to Detect Anti-Microbial Resistant (AMR) Genes Amongst Septicemic Patients
Authors: Zafar Humaira
Published: February 2025

Background & Introduction: The published report by ‘Lancet’ for the year 2022, showed 4·95 million deaths due to AMR especially in intensive care units (ICU) of hospitals. The same statistics for high mortalities due to AMR were reported from Pakistan as well. This situation forced the researchers, infectious disease specialists, clinicians and microbiologists to identify good quality, accurate, rapid and cost effective microbiological diagnostic options to combat AMR.

Objectives: Therefore, the current short commentary was planned to identify the utility of blood culture identification (BCID) panel of multiplex PCR via biofire filmarray amongst septicemic patients.

Methodology: The latest published data from authentic websites and reputed journals was included to identify the evidence regarding utility of BCID syndromic panel in septicemic patients.

Results: The results of study had provided significant evidence regarding incorporation of BCID syndromic panel of multiplex PCR for rapid identification of microbial etiology along with the detection of AMR genes. The pros and cons of cost versus benefits were sorted out from published data. It was identified that that due to rapid and accurate diagnosis of AMR cases, hospital stay in ICU was reduced. The resultant will be decreased morbidity and mortality rates amongst AMR cases.

Conclusion: BCID syndromic panel of multiplex PCR via biofire filmarray harbours great significance to rapidly detect microbial etiology and AMR genes in septicemic patients. Hence, accurate management can be helpful to reduce morbidity and mortality rates in such cases.