bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pentigraf Bahan Ajar Untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Menulis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama Di Lokasi Pariwisata Kawasan Teluk Tomini
Authors: Agriyanti Mestari Sri , El Walidayni Kau Magvirah , Rusnarti Usu Novi
Published: February 2025

The goal to be achieved in this service activity is to increase student creativity in writing short stories through the use of 'Pentigraph' as teaching material by involving experience and the surrounding environment as a theme for writing paragraphs. This can provide valuable benefits for students who are in the coastal tourism area. Through learning creative writing about tourism and one's own culture can help strengthen cultural identity and increase pride in the cultural heritage. In addition, writing about cultural sites, traditional events, and other cultural heritage can stimulate interest in research and advocacy, enabling students to become conscious change agents committed to cultural sustainability and promoting responsible tourism practices in coastal tourism areas that not only help the local economy but also raise global awareness about the importance of cultural preservation. 
The target participants of this activity are the surrounding community, namely adolescents and children located at the State Junior High School No. 1 Kabila Bone District, Bone Bolango Regency. This service activity will be carried out only for 1 meeting with a duration of 90 minutes. With this service activity, it is hoped that it will be able to help the tourism area community to be able to manage the tourism area and be able to serve visitors both local and foreign well.
Improving Learners' Literacy to Face the Educational Challenges of the Digital Age at SMA 2 Batanghari
Authors: Hidayat M. , Amnie Erlida , Veronika Sirait Jeliana , Lestari Neneng , Jufrida Jufrida
Published: February 2025

Challenges in the digital era require students to have strong digital literacy, especially in utilising technology wisely. This service activity aims to improve the digital literacy skills of students at SMA 2 Batanghari. This includes improving the ability to think critically, creatively and collaborate in the digital space. The method used includes preparation, implementation and evaluation stages. The discussion of digital literacy material aims to build a safe environment and educate students about positive digital media practices. Digital literacy is expected to help students become responsible and wise users of technology. Evaluation assessment was conducted using questionnaires before and after the activity (pretest and posttest). The results of the questionnaire showed that there was an increase in students' digital literacy skills with a medium level N-Gain category. Based on the data obtained, the activities carried out were effective in improving students' understanding and digital literacy skills. This service activity is expected to be a provision in facing technological challenges in the digital era. A deep understanding of the impact of digital media and how to use it is expected to lead learners to be ready to face challenges in the digital era.
Improvement of the production technology of the extruded two-component mixture
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Matyushev Vasily V. , Chaplygina Irina A. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

In the production of extrudates based on wheat and potato grains in
food systems, it is necessary to additionally include operations for cleaning potato
tubers from soil pollutants, to obtain textured flour in food production – additional
washing, grinding. A device for dry cleaning potatoes has been developed. The conducted studies have shown that the proposed design with a capacity of 2.65 t/h provides residual contamination at a level of no more than 1.55%. The use of an experimental installation in the extrudate production line with the addition of 10% of potatoes to the mixture before extrusion makes it possible to increase energy income
by 0.016 MJ/ kg of dry matter compared with the basic version.
Abstracts from the 6th World Congress of Itch 2011
Authors: Listed No authors
Published: February 2025

Abstracts of the 6th World Congress of Itch 2011. September 4-6, 2011. Brest, France
Evaluation of Glazing and Polishing for Novel Chairside CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Containing Virgilite Crystals
Authors: Abuhammoud S , Apiazu-Flores FX , Jurado CA , Rojas-Rueda S , Fischer NG , Afrashtehfar KI
Published: February 2025

This comparative in vitro study evaluated surface treatment methods for chairside CAD/CAM lithium disilicate enriched with virgilite using atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Specimens were fabricated from two lithium disilicate materials: the traditional material (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and a virgilite-containing material (CEREC Tessera, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA). Surface roughness (Ra) [in micrometers (μm)] was quantitatively assessed with AFM. The results demonstrated that IPS e.max CAD with glazing exhibited the smoothest surface with the lowest Ra values (10.03 ± 5.03 μm). In contrast, CEREC Tessera exhibited the highest surface roughness when treated with glazing (51.98 ± 12.31 μm), while the zirconia polishing system provided a smoother surface (15.44 ± 9.69 μm).
The Impact of Interactive Learning Media to Increase Interest in Learning Physical Education
Authors: Indah Verawati  , Rahma Dewi  , Muhammad Reza Destya
Published: February 2025

Interest in learning physical education is often less than optimal due to the use of less innovative learning media. Interactive learning media offers the potential to increase learning interest, but its effectiveness needs to be further analyzed. This study aims to analyze the impact of using interactive learning media on increasing interest in learning physical education using inferential analysis. This type of research is an experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects consisted of 40 students who took the small ball game course. The data collection methods used in this study were tests and questionnaires of interest in learning before and after treatment (interactive learning media) and using instruments in the form of questionnaire sheets. After the data is collected then analyzed using parametric statistical tests. The results showed that interactive learning media significantly increased interest in learning physical education, with differences in pretest and posttest scores supporting the research hypothesis. The conclusion shows that interactive learning media is effective in increasing interest in learning, providing implications for educators to utilize similar media to improve the quality of learning.
AI-Based Learning Media “Toori” (Dance Cartoon) to Increase Elementary School Students’ Interest in Learning Dance Arts
Authors: Prayoga Viona Regina , Nurharini Atip
Published: February 2025

Art education in the digital era faces many issues that need to be addressed to ensure that students continue to benefit from quality and contextually relevant art learning experiences. This study aims to develop AI-based “Toori” (Kartoon Dance) learning media to increase elementary school students' interest in learning dance. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D). This study uses a model according to Borg and Gall. The subjects of the study were media experts and material experts. The trial subjects in this study were 38 students of grade IV of IMAMA Elementary School. The methods used in collecting data were observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and tests. The data collection instruments used questionnaire sheets and test questions. The techniques used to analyze the data were qualitative, quantitative, descriptive analysis, and inferential statistics. The study's results were the assessment results of learning media experts, namely 91.17% (very good) and learning material experts, namely 95% (very good). The t-test results showed a significant difference between the average pretest score and the average posttest score. The results of the N-gain test showed that the effectiveness was included in the reasonably effective category. It is concluded that the AI-based learning media “Toori” (Dance Cartoon) can increase students' interest in learning art.
Application of Computer Vision Techniques for Monitoring Steel Manufacturing Processes
Authors:   , O'Donovan Callum
Published: February 2025

Computer vision (CV) is a branch of artiﬁcial intelligence (AI) that enables machines to understand visual input. The recent rise of deep learning (DL) has empowered CV signiﬁcantly, leading to well-established applications such as autonomous vehicles, medical diagnosis and facial recognition. These new capabilities extend to the manufacturing sector, however they have not been widely adopted to monitor processes in the steel industry due to challenges related to harsh environmental conditions such as poor lighting, heat distortion, dust particles and vibrations. As a result, existing datasets are limited and advances have predominantly been evaluated within research settings but not real-world settings. Therefore, this project investigates the application of CV for monitoring steel production processes and how integration impacts state-of-the-art technology. This work aims to produce CV systems capable of monitoring diﬀerent processes and utilise them to draw valuable real-world insights for industry. Also, it aims to investigate how these systems, and CV as a whole, can enhance the eﬃciency, quality and sustainability of steel manufacturing. This research involves the development of CV models tailored to three processes: ladle pouring, galvanising and gas stirring. In each case study, DL and traditional methods are used to monitor real or simulated production environments and extract useful information. Primary outcomes of this research include a foundation for monitoring ladle pouring to reduce emissions, a deployed system for quantifying zinc splatter occurring during galvanisation in real-time, and a tool for comparing the wear rate and stirring eﬃciency of diﬀerent gas stirring approaches. Outcomes of this work highlight the revolutionary beneﬁts of applying CV in production environments for process monitoring and control. By developing CV models for monitoring processes, overcoming harsh conditions typical in production environments, and drawing valuable insights from CV application, this work establishes a strong foundation for real-world implementation of CV in manufacturing.
Low-order face-based approaches for incompressible computational fluid dynamics
Authors:   , Vieira Luan
Published: February 2025

The fast and accurate simulation of laminar and turbulent incompressible ﬂows is crucial in science and engineering. Low-order numerical strategies, particularly ﬁnite-volume (FV) methods based on cell-centred and vertex-centred approaches, remain essential in CFD, especially in industrial settings, due to their favourable trade-oﬀ between computational cost and accuracy. However, these methods face challenges such as stabilising convective-dominated ﬂows, handling velocity-pressure coupling, and managing numerical ﬂux reconstruction on distorted and stretched grids. The face-centred ﬁnite volume (FCFV) method emerges as an alternative to standard FV methods. Derived from a mixed formulation of the discontinuous Galerkin method, FCFV avoids ﬂux reconstruction at cell faces, making its accuracy and convergence nearly insensitive to grid quality. It also satisﬁes the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuˇska- Brezzi (LBB) condition without special treatment for velocity-pressure coupling. This work showcases the FCFV method for simulating laminar and turbulent incompressible ﬂows for the ﬁrst time. The formulation is based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations coupled with the negative Spalart-Allmaras (SA) model. Three new convective stabilisations inspired by Riemann solvers are proposed, along with monolithic and staggered solution strategies for the RANS-SA system and two relaxation strategies for pseudo-time marching. A new hybrid pressure FCFV formulation is also introduced to improve the FCFV accuracy in laminar ﬂow simulations by enriching the pressure space through relaxed compressibility conditions. Both FCFV and hybrid pressure FCFV achieve ﬁrst-order con- vergence of velocity, velocity gradient tensor, and pressure, accurately predicting engineering quantities such as drag and lift on structured and unstructured meshes. By avoiding gradient reconstruction, these methods are less sensitive to mesh quality, even on highly distorted grids. Numerical benchmarks for laminar and turbulent, steady and transient cases assess the performance, accuracy, and robustness of the proposed methodologies. Implemented in Fortran 90, these methods lay the foundation for the integration of FCFV techniques within the CFD community. The work concludes with a detailed discussion of the Fortran 90 FCFV code implementation.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Pertanian sebagai Material Akustik Ramah Lingkungan
Authors: Sulaiman Dady , Ulva Siti Maria
Published: February 2025

Indonesia is an agricultural country, where agriculture as a national income source. Therefore, Indonesia produces a large amount of agricultural waste, that is still underutilised. Agricultural waste can be used in various ways, one of which is as an acoustic material. Acoustic materials can absorb sound and reduce noise pollution. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the sound absorption coefficient of acoustic materials. This study uses the literature review method by taking literature sources from different scientific journals. The literature sources used in this study consist of national and international journals from the last five years (2019–2023). This study refers to previous research data explores natural materials that have the potential to become acoustic materials. Based on the literature review,the natural materials that have the potential to become acoustic materials are sawdust, sugarcane, cassava, and rice husk. These materials can be considered for further research by changing independent variables such as density, thickness, and type of adhesive. In Addition, further research can also combine different materials with other natural fibres.
Evaluasi Exposure Index (EI) Pada Pemeriksaan Radiografi Thorax Posterior-Anterior (PA): Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tri Nugraha Andhika Rizky , Sari Gando , Irsal Muhammad , Syarif H Eka Putra , Nurbaiti Nurbaiti
Published: February 2025

Chest Posterior-Anterior (PA) radiographic examination is a medical imaging using ionizing radiation to obtain patient diagnostic information. In digital radiographic medical imaging techniques, an indicator shows the radiographic image detector (imaging plate) response to radiation exposure, which is called the exposure index (EI). Therefore, in applying radiation dose optimization in the PA thorax radiographic examination procedure it is necessary to evaluate to determine the indicators of underexposure, optimal exposure, and overexposure exposure. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with cross-sectional study. This research was carried out between March-May 2023 using 70 radiographic examination samples. Then evaluate the percentage of the use of exposure indicators. After that, perform statistical analysis using SPSS IBM25 with Kendall's tau-b test to determine the level of correlation between the use of exposure factors and EI. The results of the study of 70 patients showed an indicator of overexposure of 67% and optimal exposure of 33%. Meanwhile, the results of Kendall's tau-b test showed no correlation between the exposure factor variabel and EI. This shows that using EI as an optimization is not enough to know the exposure factor, but complete radiographic examination procedure data is needed.
Identifikasi Cekungan Sedimen Lokasi Manifestasi Gas Alam Kampung Holtekamp Kota Jayapura Melalui Pemodelan Tiga Dimensi (3D) Berdasarkan Anomali Gravitasi GGMplus
Authors: Sudrajad Bangkit , Sutarman Tatang
Published: February 2025

Natural gas is one of the natural resources that are abundant in Indonesia. Papua is one of the regions in Indonesia that has large potential reserves of natural gas, including Jayapura City. The existence of natural gas potential in Jayapura City is indicated by the presence of natural gas bursts that came out during the drilling process of the wells of residents of Holtekamp Village, Muara Tami District, Jayapura City. The gas burst incident that appeared in the Holtekamp Village area was not the first to occur in the Muara Tami District area but the presence of natural gas manifestations has also been found in West Koya. In relation to this, the author took the initiative to conduct geophysical research using the gravity method. This gravity method is used to determine the condition of the subsurface structure regionally. Based on 3D modeling based on GGMplus gravity anomalies, it was obtained that the natural gas manifestation area of Holtekamp Village is in a coastal sedimentary basin and swamp with a depth of 500 meters. In addition, the results of 3D modeling also identified 1 other sedimentary basin with a depth of 1200 meters in the shallow sea area on the Holtekamp coast and 2 other sedimentary basins with depths of 1500 meters and 2500 meters in Youtefa Bay.
Analisis Pengaruh Jumlah Load Cell Timbangan Jembatan Elektronik pada Pengujjian Eksentrisitas sesuai Rekomendasi OIML R76
Authors: Safitri Faradhiba Alifiyah , Erwanto Danang , Yuliana Dian Efytra
Published: February 2025

An electronic weighbridge are used to measure the mass of vehicles and their loads with electronic indicator. Weighbridge works using a strain gauge-based load cell connected in a wheatstone bridge configuration, where changes in resistance due to heavy forces will result in an output voltage that is sent to junction box to be displayed on indicator. Measurement accuracy is critical for weighbridge. One of the tests is eccentricity, which refers to weighbridge's ability to provide consistent measurement results even when the load is placed in different positions. This study aims to analyze the effect of number of load cells on results of eccentricity tests on electronic weighbridges based on the OIML R76 recommendation. The research was conducted on two weighbridges with identical specifications (16 m x 3 m platform, maximum capacity 60,000 kg, and readability 10 kg) but with different numbers of load cells. Weighbridge A uses 8 load cells, while Weighbridge B uses 6 load cells. The test points were determined by dividing platform into three sections, representing front, middle, and rear positions. Testing was performed using a truck as a ballast with a capacity of 21.520 kg. The results showed that Weighbridge A had an average error value of +0.33 kg, the largest error recorded at +2 kg at point 3. Meanwhile, Weighbridge B had an average error value of +3.17 kg, with the largest error recorded at -9 kg at point 3. It can be concluded that Weighbridge A provides more accurate measurement results than Weighbridge B. This is because Weighbridge A, with more load cells, achieves more even load distribution, particularly when weighing in both directions. In contrast, Weighbridge B demonstrated better accuracy for single-direction weighing but experienced greater errors when the load was tested in rolling positon, due to uneven load distribution in this condition.
Exploring Critical Approaches to Historical Analysis: A Comprehensive Assessment of Tārīkh al-Khulafā’ by Jalal al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣuyūṭī
Authors: Bilal Bilal Saeed
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the role of criticism in historical research, emphasizing the careful evaluation of historical evidence to assess reliability. By examining both primary and secondary sources, this paper delves into the intricacies of critical analysis, focusing on the distinction between external and internal criticism. External criticism assesses the authenticity and origin of a document, examining factors such as authorship, date, and context to ensure its genuineness. On the other hand, internal criticism involves content analysis, interpreting the meaning behind the text, and evaluating the author’s intent, biases, and reliability. The paper uses the historical source Tārīkh al-Khulafā’ by Jalal al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣuyūṭī, a prominent 10th-century Islamic scholar, as a case study to illustrate these critical approaches. Through a thorough examination of al-Ṣuyūṭī’s work, the paper highlights the significance of understanding the broader implications of historical narratives while also scrutinizing the specific content for accuracy and intent. The critical evaluation of Tārīkh al-Khulafā’ reveals the complexities involved in historical research, showcasing how historians can navigate biases, omissions, and the reliability of sources to construct accurate historical narratives. This study clarifies its theoretical aspects by providing a comprehensive understanding of historical research criticism. It demonstrates its practical application, underscoring its essential function in ensuring the integrity and accuracy of historical inquiry.
Analyse how Malaysia’s adoption of IR40 has affected customer loyalty
Authors: Yen Yuen Yee , Eshkiki Mir Mostafa Seyed Mortezavi , Ismail Hishamuddin Bin
Published: February 2025

A large number of consumers in Malaysia are resistant towards new technology and prefer instead the tried and tested way of doing things. It is worth examining if local consumers are in fact ready to digitize and accept technology in their day-to-day dealings. A behavioral study was developed to gauge the digital maturity and tech preparedness of Malaysian consumers with regards to loyalty and how this will reflect an individual’s predisposition in his or her ability and eventual use of a new technology. This study latched on to the concept of tech preparedness as suggested by Parasuraman. A conceptual framework was developed after reviewing existing scholarly literature. This was then tested through a survey using a convenience sample from 383 SME consumers in the country. This study also looked at the difference in tech preparedness among gender, age and level of education. During the Investigation regarding Industry 4.0, it was noticed that there are few studies dealing with this segment of companies in Malaysia. In addition in team of this research about customer perspective the amount of studies become more less and also because of the Shortage of the necessary skills, talents and knowledge for adopting Industry 4.0, the number Malaysian company ready to move or already move to industry 4.0 is quit few and it seems to cause less experience using new technology among Malaysian customers.
Gendered disinformation and online narratives: Instances from Belgium, Greece, Latvia, Spain, and Türkiye on youth perspectives
Authors: Çelik Aslı
Published: February 2025

Disinformation can be defined as false information deliberately initiated to cause harm to a person, social group, organization, or country. Gendered disinformation then attacks or undermines people based on gender or weaponizes gendered narratives for political, social, or economic objectives. Gendered disinformation comes in different forms, such as harmful social media posts and graphics, sexual fabrications, and other forms of conspiracy theories. It is used in various situations and at different places. This research discussed the instances of gendered disinformation and harmful online narratives that are recognizable and visible. It sheds light on the potential direct and indirect impact on youth experiences. In this study, the young participants (aged 18–30) focused on the instances of the existing online narratives of gendered discrimination from Belgium, Greece, Latvia, Spain, and Türkiye. The research provided an initial analysis of what “gendered information and harmful online narratives” look like and some recommendations from youth perspectives on countering the issues. The study concluded that there is a need for more research, further harmonization of legal frameworks, and strengthened capacity to detect gendered disinformation, propaganda, and hate speech.
Simple, Accurate Method for Clinical Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Dog
Authors: Finco Delmar R. , Coulter Dwight B. , Barsanti Jeanne A.
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Simultaneous [l4C]inulin and exogenous creatinine clearance procedures were performed on 10 healthy adult dogs of both sexes after constant iv infusions of inulin and a single subcutaneous injection of creatinine. For 30 clearance procedures determined for 10 dogs, the creatinine/inulin (c/i) clearance ratio was 1.03 ± 0.01, and the results of the 2 tests were highly correlated (r = 0.91). Simultaneous [14C]inulin and endogenous creatinine clearance procedures were performed in the same 10 dogs. For 30 clearance procedures in these dogs, the c/i clearance ratio was 0.70 ± 0.06 and the 2 tests were less highly correlated (r = 0.79).

Fifteen clearance procedures of the same design were conducted on 5 dogs with azotemia induced by surgical reduction of renal mass. In these dogs, the exogenous c/i clearance ratio was 1.09 ± 0.12, and the endogenous c/i clearance ratio was 0.89 ± 0.07.

It was concluded that the single injection method of exogenous creatinine clearance was a valid method for clinical measurement of glomerular filtration rate in the female dog and would closely approximate glomerular filtration rate in male dogs without azotemia. At normal or near normal plasma creatinine levels, the endogenous creatinine clearance procedure gave erroneously low values for glomerular filtration rate when the common methods of creatinine analysis were used.
Suppression of Growth Hormone Secretion in Spontaneous Canine Hyperadrenocorticism and Its Reversal After Treatment
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Altszuler Norman
Published: February 2025

The plasma growth hormone response to the provocative agent, xylazine, was assessed in 4 dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism, before and after therapy. Before treatment of the hyperadrenocorticism, no significant increase in growth hormone concentration occurred in any of the dogs following the administration of xylazine. A significant increase in growth hormone concentrations following xylazine administration occurred in 2 of the 3 dogs with hypophysis (pituitary)-dependent hyperadrenocorticism after treatment with mitotane (o,p'-DDD) and in 1 dog after surgical removal of a hyperfunctional adrenal adenoma. Although the impaired growth hormone response persisted in 1 dog, the administration of xylazine was repeated in this animal after only 3 weeks of mitotane therapy; it is likely that growth hormone unresponsiveness would reverse if the hyperadrenocorticism were controlled for a longer period. These findings demonstrate that in dogs, as in persons, the excessive production of endogenous corticosteroids associated with either hypophysis-dependent hyperadrenocorticism or hyperfunctional adrenal tumor can induce suppression of growth hormone release which is reversible following treatment.
Drug Interactions of Levamisole with Pyrantel Tartrate and Dichlorvos in Pigs
Authors: Hsu Walter H.
Published: February 2025

The ld50 from subcutaneous administration of levamisole in castrated male pigs (15 to 25 kg) was established as 39.8 mg/kg. Oral administration of dichlorvos (60 mg/kg, 3 times the anthelmintic dosage level) 1 hour before levamisole injection lowered blood cholinesterase activity to approximately 60% that of the controls, but did not change the ld50 of levamisole. In contrast, oral administration of pyrantel tartrate (25 mg/kg, an anthelmintic dosage level) did not lower blood cholinesterase activity, but rather, increased the toxicity by lowering the ld50 of levamisole from 39.8 mg/kg to 27.5 mg/kg. The data supported the hypothesis that levamisole toxicity was enhanced by nicotine-like compounds (ie, pyrantel), but was not affected by organophosphates (ie, dichlorvos).
Comparison of Suitability of Dogs and Cats as Hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis
Authors: Crellin John R. , Marchiondo Alan A. , Andersen Ferron L.
Published: February 2025

The suitability of dogs and cats as hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis was studied in animals which had each been infected orally with approximately 15,000 protoscolices. Twenty-one days after injection, the mean number of immature worms recovered from 12 dogs was 874.7 and from 12 cats was 101.7. The mean length of the worms was 1.21 mm in dogs and 1.00 mm in cats. The number and length of worms recovered from dogs were significantly greater (α = 0.01).
Inhibitory Effects of Combinations of Oxytetracycline, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, and EDTA-Tromethamine on Escherichia coli
Authors: Wooley R. E. , Gilbert J. P. , Shotts E. B.
Published: February 2025

Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was obtained with subminimal inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline (otc) and EDTA-tromethamine. Inhibitory effects were not observed using combinations of dimethyl sulfoxide and otc or dimethyl sulfoxide and EDTA-trometh-amine. Neither EDTA-tromethamine nor otc used alone was capable of the same degree of inhibition. Using a 2-dimensional Microtiter checkerboard technique, the inhibitory activity of these combinations was studied and isobolograms were plotted. A synergistic effect was seen with combinations of otc and EDTA-tromethamine. Kinetic studies of microbial death, using subminimal inhibitory concentrations of these agents, confirmed these findings.
Pyrimidine-Specific 5′ Nucleotidase Activity in Bovine Erythrocytes: Effect of Phlebotomy and Lead Poisoning
Authors: George Jeanne Wright , Duncan J. Robert
Published: February 2025

Erythrocyte pyrimidine-specific 5′ nucleotidase (PY5′N) (E.C. 3.1.3.5) was measured in healthy, anemic, and lead-poisoned calves to determine whether low activity of PY5′N is associated with the propensity of cattle to develop basophilic stippling of erythrocytes. Low activity of PY5′N has been associated with basophilic stippling of erythrocytes in persons with inherited hemolytic anemia and with lead poisoning.

A radiometric technique, using [14C]cytidine monophosphate as the substrate, was used to measure PY5′N activity. The erythrocytes from 4 healthy calves had much lower activity (mean of 7.1 ± 1.6 nmols of [14C]cytidine monophosphate hydrolyzed/min/g of hemoglobin) than has been reported for human erythrocytes. The pH response curve of bovine PY5′N was similar to that of the human enzyme, with maximal activity around pH 7. Experimental hemorrhagic anemia in these calves increased PY5′N activity 6-to 7-fold, with peak activity occurring concomitantly with maximum reticulocytosis. Two of the calves were then given lead per os, and the PY5′N activity decreased within 24 hours to base-line values. In the 2 other calves not given lead, the PY5′N activity declined slowly, but did not reach base-line values after 14 days.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Measurement of Antibody Titer in Horse Serum
Authors: Ueda Yahiro , Sanai Yutaka , Homma J. Yuzuru
Published: February 2025

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used for detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibodies against a serologically common antigen (origmal endotoxin protein), protease, and elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The P aeruginosa antibody in horse sera was measured, using elisa.

Horseradish peroxidase-labeled rabbit anti-horse IgM and IgG antibodies were used for enzyme-labeled antibody conjugate. 5-Aminosalicylic acid and H2O2 were used for substrate. Sera collected from a vaccinated horse, a newborn foal, and 72 healthy racehorses were investigated for antibodies against P aeruginosa by elisa and passive hemagglutination procedure. Changes in IgM and IgG antibody titers with vaccination were clear by elisa. In the newborn foal, significant amounts of IgM and IgG antibodies from colostrum were present on the 1st day after birth. It was shown by elisa that the level of antibodies in the newborn decreased initially and then increased. Some antibodies against original endotoxin protein, protease, and elastase of P aeruginosa were detected in almost all the healthy racehorses investigated.
Effects on Ovine Fetuses of Exposure to Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus
Authors: Cutlip R. C. , Lehmkuhl H. D. , Whipp S. C. , McClurkin A. W.
Published: February 2025

Fetuses of 20 pregnant ewes at 4 gestational periods (45, 55, 85, and 100 days) were inoculated with ovine progressive pneumonia virus. Fourteen of 16 fetuses exposed to virus before gestational day 80 were either resorbed or expelled, whereas 10 of 15 fetuses exposed to virus after day 80 were normal at birth. Three of the 9 expelled fetuses and 1 of 2 newborn lambs had accumulations of lymphoid cells in the lungs. Virus was readily isolated from the tissues of expelled fetuses and newborn lambs. Lambs did not have precipitating antibody to the virus at birth, but 3 of 5 lambs had specific antiviral antibody at 18 months of age.
Experimental infection of lambs with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Pasteurella haemolytica: Clinical and microbiologic studies
Authors: Al-Darraji A. M. , Cutlip R. C. , Lehmkuhl H. D. , Graham D. L. , Kluge J. P. , Frank G. H.
Published: February 2025

Four-week-old lambs were inoculated transtracheally with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), Pasteurella haemolytica, or rsv and P haemolytica. When given in combination, rsv administration preceded P haemolytica by 3 or 5 days. Lambs inoculated with P haemolytica or rsv developed a mild respiratory tract disease accompanied by a transient pyrexia in a few lambs. By 24 hours after inoculation of bacteria, all lambs inoculated with rsv and P haemolytica were listless, reluctant to move, and exhibited hyperpnea and dyspnea. Most lambs had pyrexia and a few coughed and had serous nasal discharge. These clinical signs persisted for 3 to 4 days and were more pronounced in those inoculated with P haemolytica 5 days after rsv than in those inoculated with P haemolytica 3 days after rsv. Respiratory syncytial virus was isolated from 8 of 15 inoculated lambs and P haemolytica was isolated from 12 of 15 inoculated lambs. All lambs responded serologically to rsv, but none responded to P haemolytica.
Horizontal transmission of pseudorabies virus in cattle
Authors: Crandell Robert A. , Mesfin G. M. , Mock Richard E.
Published: February 2025

Pseudorabies virus (prv) was not transmitted horizontally from 3 prv-infected calves to 2 contact control calves during 4 days of comingling in experiment 1. Although these contact control calves developed clinical signs of pseudorabies when infected intranasally with prv in experiment 2, they did not transmit prv to a second pair of contact control calves. However, 1 of 2 pigs comingled with these 4 calves seroconverted.

During both experiments, moderate amounts (102 to 106 tcid50) of prv were present in the nasal secretions of the infected calves during the contact periods. All infected calves traumatized their nares or periorbital tissue. Infected calves developed a nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis mainly involving the brain stem. Four of the 5 infected calves had nonsuppurative ganglioneuritis and acute lymphoid necrosis of germinal centers. Virus could not be recovered from nasal and tonsillar swab samples from contact-control calves and pigs.
Preservation by lyophilization of anaplasmosis capillary tube-agglutination test antigen
Authors: Malhotra Mohinder N. , Ristic Miodrag , Levy Michael G.
Published: February 2025

An antigen for anaplasmosis capillary tube agglutination test was lyophilized, using different stabilizers. The lyophilized and control (suspension) antigens were maintained at 4, 18, and 37 C and tested for reactivity with known positive and negative sera once every 7 days for a period of 28 days and then once every 2 weeks for a grand total of 154 days. Both the lyophilized and control antigens retained their antigenicities during the entire test period.
Effect of bacille Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy on feline sarcoma virus-induced neoplasms in the cat
Authors: Bachman Diane , Cockerell Gary L. , de Noronha Fernando , Rapp Herbert J.
Published: February 2025

Kittens infected experimentally with feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) were inoculated with emulsions of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) cell wall preparations to determine the effect of BCG immunotherapy on FeSV-induced sarcomagenesis. The BCG preparations or emulsificant control preparations were administered (i) subcutaneously at the same time and site as was the FeSV inoculation, (ii) at the same site but 1 week after FeSV inoculation, or (iii) with a mixture of viable autochthonous neoplastic cells approximately 35 days after FeSV inoculation. There was no difference in the percentage of kittens that developed neoplasms, the prepatent period for neoplastic development, the percentage of kittens with neoplastic regression, or the survival rate among groups given BCG, emulsificant control, or FeSV alone. Significantly (P < 0.05) greater dissemination of neoplasms was seen in groups given BCG or emulsificant control preparations, compared with dissemination in groups given FeSV alone.
Influence of a purified grade of pentachlorophenol on the immune response of chickens
Authors: Prescott C. A. , Wilkie B. N. , Hunter B. , Julian R. J.
Published: February 2025

Broiler chickens were fed a purified grade of pentachlorophenol (pcp) at dosages of 0, 600,1,200, and 2,400 μg/g of feed (0,600,1,200, and 2,400 ppm, respectively) for 8 weeks. In all treatment groups, kidney weights were increased and spleen and bursa of Fabricius weights were decreased. Body weights were decreased and liver weights were increased in the 1,200- and 2,400 μg treatment groups. In chickens fed 600 μg of pcp/g, body weights were initially lower, but by week 7 were not different from weights of controls. Microscopic lesions were not found in any of the groups. There was a significant positive linear relationship between pcp accumulation in the tissues and the concentration of pcp in the feed. Accumulation of pcp was greatest in the kidney, followed by accumulations in the liver, fat, and pectoral muscle.

Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of chickens fed 0, 600, and 2,400 μg of pcp/g were evaluated. There were no significant differences between the 600-μg treatment group and the controls in serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG; in the humoral responses to sheep rbc, bovine serum albumin, or Newcastle disease virus; in the cutaneous reactions to phytohemagglutinin P, purified protein derivative, or dinitrochlorobenzene; or in wbc numbers. The in vitro lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin P was within a normal range, but response to concanavalin A was significantly lower (P < 0.01). Chickens fed 2,400 μg of pcp/g had significantly lower humoral responses to bovine serum albumin (P < 0.02), significantly lower wbc counts (P < 0.0001), and significantly decreased lymphoproliferative responses to concanavalin A (P < 0.01) and phytohemagglutinin P (P < 0.05), but serum concentrations of IgM and IgG and the humoral responses to sheep rbc and Newcastle disease virus were normal.
Effect of diazepam pretreatment on succinylcholine-induced muscle fasciculation in the dog
Authors: Raffe Marc R. , Crimi Anthony J. , Ruff Jon
Published: February 2025

The efficacy of diazepam in attenuation of succinylcholine-induced muscle fasciculations was studied in the dog. Dosage levels of 0.11,0.22,0.55, or 1.1 mg of diazepam/kg of body weight were studied in 4 groups of 5 dogs each; another group of 5 dogs served as a control.

There was no difference in the occurrence or severity of succinylcholine-induced muscle fasciculations between dogs given diazepam and nontreated controls. Using serum potassium as a quantitative index of physiologic effects of muscle depolarization, differences could not be detected between treated and nontreated dogs.
Canine cyclic hematopoiesis: Blood gas and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid studies
Authors: Kraisha S. , Andrews R. B. , Evans J. H. , Jones J. B. , Lange R. D.
Published: February 2025

Cyclic hematopoiesis in gray Collies was first described in 1967. These dogs are anemic in comparison with the healthy littermates, and their erythropoiesis is abnormal. Although the basic disorder appears to be an as yet unidentified abnormality of hematopoietic progenitor cells, an inherent difference in responses to blood gas control mechanisms remains as a possible cause. In a study of these mechanisms in dogs with cyclic hematopoiesis, the P50 and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid concentrations were increased. Differences in pH, PCO2, PO2, and oxygen saturation were not observed.
Comparison of ruminant anthelmintics, using multiple dose administration
Authors: Hass D. K. , Holloway E. L. , Brown L. J.
Published: February 2025

Eleven ruminant anthelmintics were administered to lambs over a 30-day period, using medicated feeds or multiple oral doses. Fenbendazole and its sulfinyl analog, oxfendazole, were effective (> 90%) in the control of clinical parasitism at feeding levels of 5 mg/kg of feed. Parbendazole and albendazole were effective at daily oral dose levels of 1 mg/kg of body weight and at feeding dose levels of 10 mg/kg of feed, respectively. Levamisole, mebendazole, and oxibendazole were ineffective in controlling intense natural parasitic infections of sheep at daily oral dose levels equal to or less than 1 mg/kg of body weight and/or a feeding level equal to or less than 10 mg/kg of feed.
Modifications of a force plate system for equine gait analysis
Authors: Steiss Janet E. , Yuill G. T. , White N. A. , Bowen J. M.
Published: February 2025

A force plate system for measurement of the vertical component of the force applied by a horse's limb on ground contact was modified. The modifications included use of steel supporting posts for improved durability and an additional strain gauge on each arm of the Wheatstone bridge for increased sensitivity and temperature compensation. Data from clinically normal horses are provided to indicate the performance obtained with these modifications of the force plate system.
Efficacy of lasalocid sodium against coccidiosis (Eimeria zuernii and Eimeria bovis) in calves
Authors: Stromberg B. E. , Schlotthauer J. C. , Armstrong B. D. , Brandt W. E. , Liss C.
Published: February 2025

Calves experimentally infected with Eimeria bovis and E zuernii were used in a controlled experiment to determine the anticoccidial activity of lasalocid sodium. Eleven-weekold Holstein calves were given an inoculum of 300,000 E bovis and 200,000 E zuemii oocysts; medication was initiated on the day of inoculation and continued for a 4-week period. The progress of parasitic infection was monitored with quantitative fecal oocyst examinations for the 6 weeks before calves were inoculated, and then in the 4-week treatment period and a 3-week observation period.

The calves were given different doses of lasalocid sodium (0.5, 0.75,1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg) and were compared with both nonmedicated inoculated calves and controls (nonmedicated, noninoculated calves). There were overall numerical reductions of oocysts produced in the medicated groups when compared with the nonmedicated inoculated controls.
Characterization of parainfluenza type 3 virus isolated from the lung of a lamb with pneumonia
Authors: Lehmkuhl Howard D. , Cutlip Randall C.
Published: February 2025

A virus designated DH-1 was isolated from the lung of a lamb that died during the course of an epizootic of acute respiratory tract disease. The virus contained ribonucleic acid and was sensitive to heat (56 C), lipid solvent, and acid (pH 3.0). Inoculated cell cultures absorbed and culture fluids agglutinated guinea pig erythrocytes. Morphogenic and morphologic characteristics of the isolate were compatible with those of the genus Paramyxovirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. Serologic results indicated that the virus was indistinguishable from prototype parainfluenza virus type 3.
Mitogen-induced blastogenesis of peripheral blood and efferent lymph lymphocytes from sheep
Authors: Fiscus Susan A. , DeMartini J. C. , Pearson L. D.
Published: February 2025

Peripheral blood lymphocytes and efferent lymph lymphocytes (ell) from 20 healthy adult sheep were studied for their blastogenic responses to the phytolectins concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen. Peripheral blood lymphocytes generally incorporated significantly (P < 0.00001) more [3H]thymidine than did ell. The lower response in ell, especially in concanavalin A- and pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures, may be due to an insufficiency of accessory cells that may be required for optimal proliferation.
Electron microscopy of selectively denervated canine carotid sinuses
Authors: Sutton E. T. , Munnell J. F.
Published: February 2025

Selective denervation was used to characterize the nerve endings in the carotid sinus wall of the dog. Areas of dense innervation were identified by acetylcholinesterase histochemical technique and sampled for electron microscopic study following survival periods of 48 to 144 hours after selective neurectomies were done.

Large varicosities, similar to previously described mechanoreceptor endings, showed signs of degeneration after transection of the sinus nerve, but not after cranial cervical ganglionectomy or section of the glossopharyngeal nerve proximal to its sensory ganglia. These were concluded to be endings of afferent neurons. Histochemical reactions at the fine structure level demonstrated such varicosities to be acetylcholinesterase positive.

Smaller varicosities containing granulated synaptic vesicles degenerated after cranial cervical ganglionectomy was done. These were interpreted to be postganglionic sympathetic endings.

This study represents an example where denervation, coupled with short survival periods, serves as a technique for studying selected areas of the peripheral nervous system.
Mechanical transmission of anaplasmosis by tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae)
Authors: Hawkins J. A. , Love J. N. , Hidalgo R. J.
Published: February 2025

The role of tabanids in the mechanical transmission of anaplasmosis was further clarified by determining the number of horse fly bites needed to transmit the disease and the length of time that horse flies remain mechanically infective. Transmission of anaplasmosis from acutely infected calves to susceptible splenectomized calves was accomplished with as few as 10 horse fly bites. These flies were shown to remain mechanically infective for at least 2 hours after they had obtained a partial blood meal from an acutely-infected calf. These data emphasize the efficiency of horse flies in the mechanical transmission of anaplasmosis and indicate that relatively short-distance barriers may not be adequate to prevent transmission between infected and noninfected herds.
Marek's disease in turkeys: Lack of protection by vaccination
Authors: Elmubarak A. K. , Sharma J. M. , Witter R. L. , Sanger V. L.
Published: February 2025

Herpesvirus of turkeys, a highly effective vaccine against Marek's disease (md) in chickens, was ineffective in protecting turkeys against md. Another tissue-culture attenuated vaccine virus also protected chickens, but not turkeys, from md. Intact and immunosuppressed turkey poults inoculated with herpesvirus of turkey developed a persistent viremia, but did not have detectable gross or microscopic lesions.