bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speech culture in professional communication
Authors:   Saratov State University, Tarasova Irina A.
Published: June 2021

Two textbooks on speech culture for the law students are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the speech culture aspects of professional communication. The structure of the textbooks is analyzed, as well as the system of tasks and the reference material.
Industrial potential of the Lower Volga region on the eve of the first five-year plan
Authors:   Saratov State University, Cholakhyan Vachagan A.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the state of industry in the Lower Volga region in the late 1920s on the eve of the first five-year plan. The author studies the branch structure of the economy, the process of dividing industry by structure and forms of subordination. The extreme limitation of material financial resources has become one of the main reasons not only for the consolidation of territorial entities, but also for the allocation of priority areas for industrial development. The introduction of new archival data into scientific circulation and the application of modern methodological principles allowed the author to establish that by the beginning of the first five-year plan, the Lower Volga region in economic terms was a pronounced agricultural region, in which 80% of gross output was produced by agriculture.
The figure of Andrey Ivanovich Osterman in Russian historical literature
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, Stolyarov Oleg D.
Published: June 2021

The article attempts to give a general overview of the existing points of view in Russian historiography about the personality and state activity of A. I. Osterman. It is concluded that an important role in forming the idea of Osterman was played by political propaganda during the reign of Elizabeth. As a result, in Russian historical literature at all stages of its development, there was a tendency to see this political figure exclusively as an intriguer and adventurer. The greatest tendentiousness of Osterman’s characteristics takes place when studying the period of Anna Ioannovna’s reign. It is also concluded that Osterman’s activity has been studied unevenly in Russian historiography. In particular, its role in domestic political events has not been sufficiently studied.
Population of the Volga German Republic: Life and labour in June – September 1941 (for the 80th anniversary of the events)
Authors:   Saratov State University, German Arkady A.
Published: June 2021

The author of the article examines the changes that occurred in the life and work of the population of the Volga German Republic under the state of emergency caused by the outbreak of the war. The article examines the transformation of the state’s policy towards the Volga German: from emphasized loyalty to deaf hostility and their eviction from the region. Special attention is paid to the reaction of the Volga German population to the beginning of the war, the participation of the population in activities caused by the war: military mobilization, reception and placement of evacuated enterprises and refugees, the creation of fighter detachments and militia. The most important event that required great efforts of citizens was the harvesting of a rich harvest. The article reveals the participation of the Volga German in a counter-propaganda campaign aimed at the armed forces and the population of Germany. Due to major failures at the front as a reinsurance company in September 1941 the German population of the Volga region was evicted to Siberia and Kazakhstan.
«The Peninsular War»: The Anglo-French confrontation in the Pyrenees during the Second Hundred Years’ War (1689–1815)
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after S. Korolev, Gordienko Dmitry O.
Published: June 2021

The article shows the Anglo-French confrontation on the Iberian Peninsula as an important stage of the Second Hundred years’ War. The example of remote action of the British expeditionary force demonstrates the «English style» of war: the operation of army troops with the active support of the Royal Navy. The author comes to the conclusion that the Pyrenean wars of the beginning of the XIX century have a certain significance in the system of Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars.
US public diplomacy in India: Obama’s legacy
Authors:   Saint Petersburg University, Shur Elizaveta A.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the main trends in US public diplomacy in India under Barack Obama. The Obama presidency was characterized by “Pivot to Asia”. India took one of the dominant positions in Obama’s Asian strategy. Furthermore, public diplomacy became the leading strategy tool. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of public diplomacy concepts. Two areas prevailed in public diplomacy in India – educational programs and the “women’s issue”. Washington also launched programs to increase literacy and access to technology.
«I find myself in Saratov in my sorrows…»: Pavel (Paisiy) Dubenskoy
Authors:   Saratov State University, Regional Scientific Library named after V. A. Artisevitch, Rare Books department, Kleymenova Svetlana V.
Published: June 2021

The article compares biographical information about Pavel Dubenskoy, a large Volga industrialist of the 17th century, who later became the founder of the monastery in Saratov. One of Dubensky’s autographs dates back to 1682. This is an inscript on the book kept in the fund of the Regional Scientific Library of Saratov State University.
Fraternal households of the Saratov province at the end of the XIX century: Historical and demographic analysis
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Melnikov Pavel Yu.
Published: June 2021

Fraternal households belong to the category of specific complex households consisting of cohabiting single-generation couples. As a rule, their appearance is the result of an unfulfilled family section for one reason or another. Due to their structural exoticism, fraternal families are easily identified and compared. At the same time, by virtue of their peculiarity, fraternal families are more likely unstable collectives, prone to disintegration. Within the framework of this article, an analysis of fraternal households recorded in the materials of zemstvo courtyard censuses of the province of the late XIX century will be made.
Responsibility as a quality of personality: Essence, formation, significance
Authors:   Maxim Tank Belarusian State Pedagogical University, Perevozny Alexei V.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the significance of responsibility in providing safety of the environment surrounding the person. The problem is caused by the contradiction between the human need for security and impossibility in many cases to satisfy it because of inadequate fulfilment of the duties by employees. The purpose of the article is to outline the ways of solving this contradiction by pedagogical means. The methodological basis of the research is systematic, activity-based, and subject-subject approaches. The author reveals the essential features of responsible behavior and prerequisites for the formation of a responsible person: macro-level (organization of public life); family and other micro-communities; educational institutions. Importance of effort consolidation of all subjects of pedagogical influence for solving urgent educational problems is noted. The role of certain principles of education in the formation of a responsible person in the past and at the present stage is shown. Particular attention is paid to the role of higher education in the formation of responsibility, since it is in the university environment where students develop such patterns of behavior that afterwards may be used in public and everyday life, and in their profession. This approach makes a purely pedagogical issue socially important.
Professional support of the family bringing up the child with OVZ (the case of children with hearing impairment)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Senatorova Ksenya P.
Published: June 2021

In the modern Russian education system, there are a number of discrepancies, when at the legislative level the rights of a child with disabilities to study in the environment of normatively developing peers are recognized, but at the educational level the educational process remains unchanged, and therefore the professional activity of teachers requires deep rethinking. At the center of this discrepancy is the family of a child with disabilities, which is disoriented in the social situation, moral categories and personal values. One of the most effective ways to overcome social maladjustment of a family raising a child with disabilities, from the author’s point of view, can be tutoring, the purpose of which is to increase the rehabilitation competence of parents (legal representatives) in raising “special” children. The article reveals the difficulties faced by the family of a child with disabilities, mastering inclusive education, highlights the features of accompanying a family raising a child with auditory deprivation, using the example of the work of S. L. Rudnitsky Saratov Center for Hearing and Speech. The author considers this center, which accepts children from an early age, as an organization of additional education and a special resource for helping the family. The article presents the results of a study of parental competence about children with hearing impairments. Research by specialists from S. L. Rudnitsky Saratov Center for Hearing and Speech confirms the fact that parents raising “special” children need special knowledge for effective educational impact on the child.
Practice-oriented model of forming abnotivity in students of the college of arts
Authors:   Saratov Regional College of Arts, Lavrova Yulia B. , Rakhimbayeva Inga E. ,   Saratov State University
Published: June 2021

The article discusses a current issue of college of arts students' readiness for the professional work with gifted children. The article outlines a range of problems of gifted students in the field of music education, including difficulties in adapting to traditional teaching methods, emotional vulnerability, difficulties in communication and mutual understanding of the child with peers, and other peculiarities of the psyche. The author highlights the concept of "abnotivity" as a necessary quality of the teacher’s personality, motivated to work with gifted children, able to arrange special conditions for this and achieve productive results: to educate the personality of a musician with strong subjectivity, creativity, and uniqueness. The structure of the teacher’s abnotivity is defined. It contains motivational, cognitive, and reflexive components, as well as such complex psychological formations as empathy, social intelligence, actual creativity, and supra-situational activity. The advantages of various practice-oriented learning models used in colleges are revealed. The author presents a practice-oriented model of forming abnotivity in students of the college of arts. A brief description of the proposed model components (target, diagnostic, procedural and performance-evaluation blocks), the features of its implementation in Saratov Regional College of Arts, and the results obtained during the experimental study are given.
Philosophical expertise of πολιτικής in the post-truth era
Authors:   Ukrainian Institute of Strategies of Global Development and Adaptation, Levytskyy Viktor S.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the transformation of the world system of the post-truth era, which is affecting the central meanings of culture. The necessity of a philosophical analysis of semantic interventions which are becoming the part of the strategy of conscious construction of reality is substantiated. Basing on the transcendentalist tradition, phenomenological sociology in particular, the author shows that the crisis of legitimacy of universal reason leads to the possibility of conscious construction of a social reality as a value-semantic universe, which is becoming one of the tools of ideological confrontation and political struggle in modern conditions. The ideological narratives used both for self-justification of cultural subjectivity and for influencing the subjectivity of competitors are linked into integral systems, which are built around the central meanings of culture, and serve, on the one hand, as the basis for the interpretation of individual events, and on the other, as a factor of the identity’s formation and the basis of the entire communities’ practical activities, to the extent of national and civilization projects. This approach allows to: 1) associate the construction of social reality with its semantic dimension; 2) see the principles, methods, goals, beneficiaries, etc. of a conscious construction of reality; 3) suggest ways of countering the conscious interference in the semantic sphere of culture. As a result, the need for a philosophical examination of the geopolitical process and national (civilizational) development strategies is argued, which makes the paradigm narratives and the semantic dimension of social reality more coherent and stable as a whole with respect to the external interference.
I. Kant and B. V. Rauschenbach on cognition and morality: The contact points
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Nesterov Vitaliy I.
Published: June 2021

In the XXI century, the humanity continues to actively transform the world, technological progress puts rationalism in the first place as a worldview. Of course, the balance between rationalism and irrationalism in one time dimension and cultural space is difficult to achieve, each of these types periodically prevails and therefore has a specific impact on culture. At the same time, periods of changing cognitive and value orientations may be accompanied by crisis phenomena of a moral and ethical nature. The article attempts to compare and analyze the worldview positions of two thinkers: the German philosopher I. Kant and the Russian scientist B. V. Rauschenbach. The similarity and difference are considered in several aspects: the ratio of rational and irrational in cognition, the source of the formation of morality, and the role of religion in the formation of the worldview. The novelty of the work consists in the discovery of close theoretical positions between Kant and Rauschenbach on the relationship between cognition and morality. Basing on the review of philosophical texts, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that in the conditions of scientific and technological progress and globalization, a balanced approach to the development of different types of thinking will allow a person to better adapt to changes in society and reflect upon them.
The anthropological practice as an impossible possibility
Authors:   Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov, Agapov Oleg D.
Published: June 2021

A contemporary man is now more and more recognizing the necessity of the anthropological practice of the art of being himself. The main sphere of the research conducted in social science and the humanities in the second half of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st centuries was dedicated to problematization, apology, assertion and exercises related to practices of the self. The topic of the anthropological practices (social, spiritual, psychological, somatic, and art practices) permeates the works by E. Fromm, L. Binswanger, P. Ricoeur, P. Hadot, M. de Certeau, M. Foucault, V. Bibikhin, Yu. Lotman, S. Averintsev, and S. Khoruzhy. Reaching the level of the anthropological practices is seen in this article as salvation from alienation, loneliness, and violence as a “second breath” for a better and more dignified life. However, together with the expansion of the topic of the anthropological practices, the comprehension of their multiplicity and multidimensionality we are faced with the arising problem of the impossibility of these practices, their fragility and excessiveness. The originality of this paper lies in the research of the problem of the impossible possibility of the anthropological practices, their fragility and excessiveness. Consequently, we can acknowledge that the problematics of the anthropological practices has an antinomic character and the “resolution” of the problems is possible within the bounds of an existential event on the edge between its possibility and impossibility. It’s also important to consider that the anthropological practices facilitate the self-renewal of the social, the transcendence of alienation, and the transformation of everything that is impersonal towards a man and fallen away from him. The social as the human can begin, be initiated, and realized but it cannot last forever, it is temporary, event-bound and situation-bound, and principally heteronomous.
Meaning-forming functions of the spatial coordinate of culture in Foucault's philosophical concept
Authors:   Kuban Medical Institute, Рutecheva Olga А.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of understanding the meaning-forming functions of culture, determined by its spatial characteristics in the philosophical work of Michel Foucault. He puts forward the thesis about the decisive role of space in social practice, the growth of complication of its organization from planar to three-dimensional, and opens up virtual spaces of cultural thinking. Space is understood not only geographically, but as the initial impulse and attribute of culture. The comparison method makes it possible to study the evolution of the thinker’s views from focusing on social aspects, through awareness of the problems of individual consciousness to understanding the deep dynamics of culture as a semiotic, ethical and aesthetic phenomenon. Striving for generalization, the author relies on such notions of M. Foucault as episteme, “spaces of disagreement”, and “heterotopic” spaces. The concept of “individuation of spatial vision” is introduced, and the principle of “multiplicity of spatial levels” is included in the scientific circulation. As a result of the analysis, a conclusion is made about the discovery of the cultural relativity of spatial meanings in the context of the historical comprehension of the topos, the dynamics of its points and the branching of spatial levels. This article is an attempt to reveal the mechanism of spatial displacements outlined by Foucault, which will become the basis for understanding the new possibilities of creativity in art and culture.
Cultural status: The dialectics of objective and subjective
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Strizoe Alexander L. , Khrapova Victoria A. ,   Volgograd State University
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the philosophical understanding of the concept of “cultural status” in modern scientific discourse, which includes structural-functional and communicative approaches and allows to identify the invariant features present in this concept. These features, according to the authors, are associated with the category of measure, which fixes the balance of the diverse features of human nature. Cultural status reflects the position of its bearer in the space-time continuum and the context of values, norms, and relationships. It also sets a certain degree of autonomy, an ontological self that determines the perspective of vision. The interpretation of a status as a position allows us to reveal the relativity of any order, the qualitative uniqueness of the subjects of culture and the ways of mastering space. Allocation of subjective and objective aspects of cultural status makes it possible to describe the functions and fields formed by its carriers. The proposed approach allows us to study the risk-generating nature of the modern socio-cultural space.
The gap of ties in representations of interaction I – Other as a predictor of extremist behavior
Authors:   Saratov State University, Ryaguzova Elena V.
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of theoretical reflection of various psychological mechanisms (automating conformism, deindividualization, depersonalization), the essence of which boils down to the loss of a person’s own self as a key reference point in the construction and cognition of the social world. It is shown that the personal I is supplanted by the hypertrophied We as an attributive property of group consciousness, which is based on the idea of being chosen and superior. It is argued that the functioning of the listed mechanisms leads to the gap of connections in personal representations of I – Other interaction as the fundamental basis of sociality, increasing the risks of actualizing the extremist behavior of the individual. It has been established that the breaking of ties is due to the personality’s lack of need and desire to distinguish between oneself and the Other, the loss of the ability to feel the Other and empathize with him, which actualizes indifference to the in-group Other, disgust and cruelty towards the outgroup Other, and also leads to a reduction in the ability to know oneself through the Other, to enter into a dialogue with him and to amplify one’s own development and self-knowledge. The applied aspect of the problem under study is the possibility of using the results of the analysis for the development of preventive socio-psychological programs and trainings aimed at preventing extremism, terrorism and religious radicalism in the youth environment.
Hejt — zło odwieczne czy kulturowy nowotwór?
Authors: Stasiewicz Stanisław
Published: June 2021

Głównym przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest nakreślenie ram semantycznych i stworzenie definicji zjawiska hejtu internetowego. Jest on również próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy hejt i hejterstwo są zupełnie nowymi wytworami współczesnej kultury, czy też stanowią po prostu nową postać obecnych w niej od dawna tendencji. W tekście dokonano analizy historycznych form nienawiści, jak na przykład propaganda totalitarna, i porównano je z ich manifestacjami obecnymi w dzisiejszych mediach masowych.
Czy odwilż sprzyja hejterom? Nienawiść ulicy w twórczości Marka Hłaski
Authors: Ulańska Zofia
Published: June 2021

Artykuł ukazuje, w jaki sposób proza Marka Hłaski, tworzona w latach 50. przedstawia zjawisko hejterstwa. Autorka analizuje opowiadania Pierwszy krok w chmurach, Pętla i Ósmy dzień tygodnia. Schematy interakcji między bohaterami zostają porównane z internetowymi atakami. Autorka zauważa podobieństwo współczesnej sytuacji społecznej do czasów odwilży, głównie w kontekście odzyskania wolności słowa i potrzeby znalezienia nowego języka. Swoje rozważania sytuuje w kontekście definicji i typologii agresji werbalnej kilkorga badaczy, między innymi M. Peisert, S. Gajdy czy A. Bussa i A. Durkee.
Fan wars — hejterstwo w Korei Południowej
Authors: Jatczak Joanna
Published: June 2021

Fenomen hallyu budzi coraz szersze zainteresowanie badaczy, choć skupiają się oni przede wszystkim na samym zjawisku rosnącej popularności koreańskiej kultury i jej pozytywnych aspektach. Niniejszy artykuł jest natomiast spojrzeniem na negatywną stronę hallyu. Charakteryzuje różne formy, które przyjmuje hejterstwo związane z koreańską falą, zarówno w kontekście koreańskim jak i międzynarodowym. Wojny fanów zastępują otwartą rywalizację między artystami. Hejterstwo fanów potrafi przyjąć formę fizycznej i psychicznej przemocy. Dzięki internetowi rozprzestrzenia się nie tylko hallyu, ale także hejterstwo. Rodzimi oraz międzynarodowi fani tych samych zespołów wzajemnie się atakują. Z obu stron występuje brak zrozumienia kulturowych różnic. Walki między fanami są na tyle silne, że powstają portale internetowe, które służą wyłącznie eskalacji nienawiści. Wymienione powyżej przykłady obrazują jak ciekawym i wartym zbadania jest zjawisko hejterstwa związanego z hallyu.
Epidemiological Aspects of Equine Herpes Virus Infection in South Gujarat, India
Authors: Vala J.A. , Patel M.D. , Parmar S.M. , Mavadiya S.V. , Mehta S.A. , Patel D.R.
Published: June 2021

Background: The equine herpes viruses (EHV) are highly infective pathogens of all members of the Equidae family worldwide. EHV-1 predominantly associated with the abortion, neonatal death, neurological diseases, whereas, EHV-4 is mostly associated with the respiratory disease, generally termed as equine rhinopneumonitis. This present investigation was planned to study sero-prevalence of EHV-1/4 infections in horses of south Gujarat, India. Methods: A total of 253 horses showing symptoms of respiratory illness or having history were screened by indirect ELISA test. While, blood samples were analysed for various haematological parameters. Effects of risk factors were studied and statistical analysis of data was done. Result: Over all prevalence of EHV-1/4 infection was 16.60% in South Gujarat, India. Effects of various risk factors (age, sex, breed, and locality) were non-significant. Means of all haematological parameters were in normal range and significant difference was not observed between sero-positive and sero-negative horses. Population of mid cells (monocytes) was found significantly higher (p less than 0.05 in sero-positive horses as compare to sero-negative horses.
Quantifying earthworm community structures as indicators of soil health
Authors:   formerly Rothamsted Research, UK, Stroud Jacqueline L.
Published: June 2021

Earthworms are a symbol that farmers use to indicate soil health, but is this an intuitive observation that will lead to sustainable soils? This chapter describes the co-development of an assessment method to the ecological group level (epigeic, endogeic and anecic earthworms) in the UK. The process resulted in a Twitter based #WorldWormWeek initiative, a connective network of organic and conventional farmers and the Rothamsted Research experimental farm between 23 – 31st March 2019. There was an unexplained absence of epigeic (28 % fields) and anecic (18 % fields) earthworms in fields surveyed by UK farmers.
K-Punk ampliado
Authors: Hammond Simon
Published: June 2021

Resumo“K-Punk at large”, aqui traduzido, foi publicado originalmente na New Left Review de julho-agosto de 2019. Simon Hammond, neste texto, traça um amplo panorama da obra do filósofo e crítico cultural inglês Mark Fisher (1968-2017), centrando-se na coletânea K-Punk, lançada em 2018. Examina o trabalho de Fisher num arco de maturação que vai de Realismo Capitalista (2009), seu primeiro livro, a Comunismo Ácido, o livro que deixou apenas esboçado, apreendendo-o no diálogo com Stuart Hall, na tradição dos Estudos Culturais Ingleses.
Analisis Permasalahan Guru Terkait Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran IPA Biologi Melalui Inkuiri Terbimbing
Authors: Prasetiyo Budi , Boleng Didimus Tanah , Tindangen Makrina
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman guru terkait perangkat pembelajaran yangdikembangkan melalui model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dan untuk mengetahui permasalahan apasaja yang dihadapi oleh guru saat mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran melalui model inkuiri terbimbing. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dimana data dibuat dalam bentuk persentase. Sampel penelitian 10 orang guru IPA Biologi yang berasal dari 5 SMP di Balikpapan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan kurangnya pemahaman guru terkait perangkat pembelajaran berbasis inkuiri (Silabus, RPP, Handout, LKPD, Media dan Evaluasi) terbimbing dan banyaknya masalah yang dihadapi oleh guru pada saat pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran IPA Biologi mulai dari Silabus, RPP, Handout, LKPD, Media dan Evaluasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut disimpulkan bahwa 70% guru pemahaman terkait perangkat pembelajaran masuk dalam kategori kurang dan 75% guru mengalami permasalahan pada saat mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis inkuiri terbimbing. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut disimpulkan bahwa perlunya mengadakan sosialisasi dan mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis inkuiri terbimbing IPA Biologi SMP.Kata Kunci: Analisis, Guru, Perangkat Pembelajaran, Inkuiri Terbimbing, Biologi
Analisis Keterampilan Guru Dalam Komunikasi Dengan Peserta Didik Di SMA Negeri Tegaldlimo Banyuwangi
Authors: Rosid Muhamad
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kompetensi guru dalam berkomunikasi dengan siswa yang memiliki kompetensi asopek pedagogis untuk guru di SMA Negeri Banyuwangi Tegaldlimo. Sampel penelitian ini adalah semua guru di SMA Negeri Banyuwangi Tegaldlimo, 48 guru yang terdiri dari 20 laki-laki dan 28 perempuan, 31 PNS dan 17 PNS. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei menggunakan kuesioner dan metode wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, skor rata-rata keterampilan komunikasi untuk guru laki-laki adalah 69% dan untuk guru perempuan adalah 72,5%, dan secara umum keterampilan guru dengan status PNS dalam berkomunikasi dengan siswa lebih baik daripada guru dengan non-PNS PNS. status. Kesimpulan: 1) Keterampilan guru dalam berkomunikasi dengan siswa di SMA Negeri Tegaldlimo pada umumnya berada dalam kisaran kriteria yang baik, 2) keterampilan guru PNS dalam berkomunikasi dengan siswa terbukti lebih baik daripada guru non-PNS, 3) Bimbingan guru diperlukan mengenai keterampilan komunikasi dengan siswa.

 

Kata Kunci: Keterampilan Guru, Komunikasi, Peserta Didik
Pengembangan Paket Tes Berbasis Hihgher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Pokok Bahasan Theorema Phytagoras
Authors: Kusuma Rhema Nadya
Published: June 2021

Lack of students' skills in answering questions that require analysis, evaluation, and creativity so that in learning they cannot answer questions that require higher-order thinking skills. This results in the level of thinking of students in Indonesia is still low, as seen from Indonesia's ranking in the TIMSS in 2015. One of the efforts made to improve these higher thinking skills is by using the HOTS test package. This type of research is a development research with the Thiagrajan or Four D Model which aims to describe the process and results of developing HOTS-based test packages for eighth grade students on the Theorema Pythagoras material which is valid, practical, and effective in training students' higher order thinking skills. The method used in this research is the test method to determine the validity and effectiveness of the test package and the questionnaire method to determine practicality. The results of this study are in the form of students' achievements in analyzing, evaluating, and creating in accordance with higher-order thinking indicators with good interpretations. The HOTS-based test package, the subject of Pythagorean Theorema, produced in this study is valid, practical, and effective and can be used to improve students' higher order thinking skills.

Keywords: Test Package, Pythagorean Theorem, Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
Nigeria-China Cultural Relations: Harnessing the Potentials for Tourism and National Development
Authors: Ibrahim Sheriff Ghali , Edward Adie , Obiagelli Nwokedi Lawretta
Published: June 2021

The paper considered the existing cultural relationship between the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the People’s Republic of China as well as the possibility of harnessing the potential in the relations for tourism and national development. The data for the study were obtained from secondary sources, including textbooks, newspapers, articles, journals as well as the internet. While the theory of interdependence was adopted as a framework of analysis, content analysis was utilized in analyzing all the data collected. From the findings, the study noted that both countries have engaged in cultural relationship since the 1970s. And that a number of agreements have been signed and cultural exchanges and displays have taken place between the two countries. However, while China has been eager and active in promoting her culture in Nigeria, Nigeria seems not to have demonstrated much enthusiasm in pursuing same course as China. Furthermore, the study confirmed a link between culture and tourism and so with development. And that if Nigeria can properly harness her cultural relationship with China, tourism and development would be enhanced. This, as pointed out in the study included the Creation of Centres to Promote the Teaching and Learning of Major Nigerian Languages in China; Regularly Organize Cultural Troupe Performances and Exhibitions in China; Proper Utilization of October 1 and other Festivities; Collaborate with the Chinese Government to Create a World Class Nigeria-China Cultural Resort to Enhance Tourism and National Development in Nigeria; Activate all Aspects of Cultural Ties between Nigeria and China; and the use of cultural heritage. Finally, recommendations were also made to guide Nigeria towards achieving these findings.
Germination, growth, yield and yield component of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as influenced by seed size and sowing depth: A review
Authors: Baye Endalkachew
Published: June 2021

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is among the oldest crops in the world. Globally, it is third most important feed grain legume. Currently, 58 countries produce this bean on large scale. Probably faba beans are one of the best performing crops under global warming and climate change scenario because of its unique ability to excel under all most all type of climatic conditions coupled with its wide adoptability to range of soil environment. It is a good source of lysine rich protein and good source of levadopa (L-dopa), a precursor of dopamine, can be potentially used as medicine for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. However, its production is very low due to a number of biotic and abiotic factors. Different agronomic practices also have an effect on germination, growth, yield and yield components of faba bean. Thus, the main objective of this seminar is to review the effect of seed size and sowing depth on faba bean production.
E-COMMERCE IN ECOTOURISM
Authors: Vajda Mlinaček Ljiljana , Gradišnik Vera
Published: June 2021

The e-commerce based on the promotion and sale of services in ecotourism, is presented. The whole of continental Croatia has a potential for development of rural tourism and ecotourism. As ecotourism destinations, the Natural park Kopacki rit and the town Bilje, with their inhabitants, have been chosen. The Internet service WWW site presents destination tourism products and services, for example, gastronomy, culture, monuments, customs and natural beauties, with a special emphasis on bird-watching, showing also a guest book and a booking page. The results confirm the Web as a good means of ecodestination promotion. Based on a number of bookings, we conclude ecotourism to gain increasing importance.
Inherent Bias of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Quantification for Wastewater Surveillance Due to Variable RT-qPCR Assay Parameters
Authors: Bivins Aaron , Kaya Devrim , Bibby Kyle , Simpson Stuart , Bustin Stephen , Shanks Orin , Ahmed Warish
Published: June 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to wastewater surveillance becoming an important tool for monitoring the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within communities. As a result, molecular methods, in particular reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), have been employed to generate large data sets aimed at the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Although RT-qPCR is rapid and sensitive, there is no standard method that fits all use cases, there are no certified quantification standards and experiments are carried out using numerous different assays, reagents, instruments, and data analysis protocols. These variations can lead to the reporting of erroneous quantitative data resulting in potentially misleading interpretations and conclusions. We have reviewed the SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance literature focusing on the variability of RT-qPCR data as revealed by inconsistent standard curves and associated parameters. We find that variation in these parameters and deviations from best practices as described in The Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines suggest a lack of reproducibility and reliability in quantitative measurements of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater.
TO THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION OF THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ″KHARKIV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE″
Authors: Barbashov I. V. , Bondarenko V. O. , Nizhevsky V. I. , Shevchenko S. Yu.
Published: June 2021

The article is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Department of Electric Power Transmission of the National Technical University ″Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute″. The main stages of creation and development of the department are presented, data on outstanding specialists and scientists who took part in the creation and development of the department are given. A retrospective analysis of the main areas of research conducted by employees of the department for the entire period of its work. The main aspects of educational and methodical work of the department are considered. The current state of scientific and pedagogical work performed by the staff of the department is analysed, and the most promising areas of its development are presented.
REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLEXIBLE SOLAR CELLS OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOR USE IN COMBINED PV/T SYSTEMS
Authors: Zaitsev R.
Published: June 2021

The article defines the requirements for photovoltaic converters designed to work as integrated power sources for combined PV/T systems: efficiently generate electricity at a temperature of 55 °С; provide the coefficient of absorption of solar energy at the level of not less than 90 % and to have the coefficient of reflection in the infrared part of the spectrum not more than 10 %; together with the cooling system cooling system, the design of the converter must provide a difference between the temperature of the converter and the temperature of the coolant not more than 5 °C. A study of the temperature dependence of efficiency for film photoelectric converters based on CdTe and CuInSe2 compounds, amorphous silicon and crystalline GaAs, showed that structures based on cadmium telluride base layers have the smallest decrease in efficiency with increasing operating temperature. When the temperature changes by 50 °С, the efficiency of such devices decreases by only 1 %, and the relative rate of decrease is –0.14 rel. %/C, which is significantly less than the same parameter for other types of converters: GaAs –0.16 rel. %/C, amorphous silicon –0.21 rel. %/C, CuInSe2 –0.36 rel. %/C. Analytical processing and analysis of the influence of light characteristics on the efficiency of cadmium-based transducers showed that the temperature stability of their efficiency is ensured by the density of the diode saturation current. With increasing temperature from 20 °С to 50 °С, the density of the diode saturation current increases by 50 % from 1.9·10-9 A to 2.7·10-9 A, which is less than for silicon devices, for which the diode saturation current increases by 300 %. Studies have shown that the absorption coefficient of solar energy of a flexible element based on cadmium telluride in the visible range is 94–96 %, and the reflection coefficient in the infrared region of the spectrum does not exceed 7–8 %, which allows the design of the collector to abandon the use of selective coating, since its function will be performed by a film photoelectric converter. A constructive-technological solution of a photovoltaic system with flexible photovoltaic converters based on cadmium telluride is proposed.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF TRANSITIONAL PROCESSES IN THE ELECTRICAL NETWORK IN PHASE COORDINATES
Authors: Lebedka S. M. , Petrovskyi M. V. , Diahovchenko I. M.
Published: June 2021

Distribution electrical networks of great length are characterized by a high order of the system of equations of electromagnetic transients. To improve the efficiency of modelling such networks, it is necessary to develop formalized procedures that provide automation of both the solution and the formation of systems of equations using modern computer technology. To simplify the development of mathematical models, transformations are used to move from a real three-phase network to other coordinate systems, but this is achieved at the expense of additional restrictions. To solve the problems of choosing and increasing the efficiency of means for limiting currents and overvoltages during transient processes in electrical networks, it is necessary to have a model reflecting a number of features, both of the networks themselves, and of the transient processes occurring in them. This is implemented in a model based on the representation of network elements not by single-phase equivalents, but by equations in phase coordinates. These equations contain the parameters of the network elements (active resistances, own and mutual inductances and capacitances) and the parameters of its mode (currents, voltages, phase powers), corresponding to the real physical parameters of electrical systems. A mathematical model of electromagnetic transient processes in an electrical network in phase coordinates has been developed. Calculation of the transient process when using the implicit method and representing the three-phase elements at the integration step by discrete models makes it possible to reduce the solution of a system of differential equations to multiple formation and solution of a system of equations. The diakoptic method for studying complex systems was developed, which was used to develop a mathematical model of electromagnetic transient processes in a three-phase electrical network. The proposed form of representation of discrete models of three-phase multipoles allows one to formalize both the solution procedure and the procedure for drawing up equations of transient processes for three-phase circuits of electrical networks of arbitrary configuration. Prospects for further research are computational experiments to study electromagnetic transient processes during ground faults in electrical networks of arbitrary configuration with various neutral modes and means of limiting currents and overvoltages.
THE MICROCLIMATE OF PRODUCTION ROOMS WITH UNDERFLOOR HEATING
Authors: Romanchenko N. A. , Kundenko N. P. , Romanchenko V. N. , Sanin Yu. K. , Sanin M. Yu.
Published: June 2021

A system for the formation of a microclimate in industrial premises has been developed. The system of forming a microclimate of viral attachments and sporud has been broken up. There is also the possibility of securing the correct level of standardization in the thermal regime in the sporums of the sporiums for the storage of energy-saving and functional systems of the bagatory system and heating. Proposed constructive solutions, as they allow the temperature of the middling area to be very specific, as well as the formulation of the thermal regime in the heating systems and heat exchangers, so that the equal heating of the surface of the heating zones is not guaranteed. Taking into account the delay in the block diagram of the automatic control system of the electric heating device and the use of a proportional regulator leads to the fact that the transient process of floor heating is oscillating with an over-regulation of 9–11 %. To ensure reliable operation of the control system, it is proposed to use a proportional-differential controller. The use of multifunctional energy-saving automated systems for providing the microclimate of industrial premises with the use of electrically heated heat-storage installations of the resistor type when powered from renewable sources is proposed, which makes it possible to reduce specific energy consumption in production processes. At the same time, heated resistor-type devices are located below floor level, when their heaters are powered from traditional and non-traditional renewable energy sources. When connecting electric heating elements to the mains, the starting load current exceeds several times its nominal value, which causes additional loads on the power network and transformer substation, increasing operating and capital costs. To prevent this, it is advisable to install a system for limiting the starting currents of electric heating elements in the ATS.
IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC MODELS OF OVERHEAD LINES TRANSMISSION BASED ON CRITERIONAL METHOD
Authors: Cherkashуna V. V. , Baklitsky V. M.
Published: June 2021

Improved technical and economic models of 35–750 kV overhead lines in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On the Electricity Market" are proposed. The urgency and complexity of the problem is due to the fact that the transition to market relations presupposes the presence of private property, where the area under the grid facility, including the route of overhead lines, is a commodity and should be taken into account in shaping the value of this facility. In this regard, there is a need to review the discounted costs in the design of lines to bring them into line with market relations. The development of a new technical and economic model of 35–750 kV overhead lines was carried out taking into account the size and cost of land under the route of the line, which allows for a feasibility study of the optimal design option for the electrical network. The specific part of the land area in the cost of 1 km of overhead lines of different voltage classes is calculated. The components of the improved technical and economic model of 35–750 kV overhead lines are determined, namely the specific part of the component costs in the total cost of 1 km overhead lines of different voltage classes. A graphical representation of generalized models of investments in 35–750 kV overhead lines is presented. The presented studies take into account that during the construction of technical and economic models it is almost impossible to predict all its internal often stochastic connections, the elements of which cannot be expressed unambiguously, which leads to incomplete source information. Based on this fact, in the article for the analysis of the developed technical and economic models of lines the criterion method which allows to make decisions in conditional units both at full and at incomplete and indefinite initial information is applied. Implementing each equation of the developed technical and economic model of 35–750 kV overhead lines by the criterion method the ratio of components in the optimal design of lines in the corresponding voltage class is obtained, which allows to determine the development strategy of electrical networks and to form restrictions in incomplete source information.