bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Perilaku Pemilahan Sampah di Kota Surabaya
Authors: Andina Elga
Published: June 2020

Surabaya is one of the cities with the highest waste generation. Managing waste effectively needs to be started from the source by waste sorting. This qualitative research used a study case approach to figure out trash sorting behavior in Surabaya. Data are gathered from an interview with Surabaya’s Department of Cleanliness and Green Open Space, Non-Government Agency related to waste, and Surabaya’s Main Waste Bank. Observation is conducted in Pusat Daur Ulang Jambangan, city parks and boulevards to see how people sort the waste in public areas. Even though Surabaya has a world-recognized hygiene program, it doesn't necessarily make its people care about cleanliness and sorting waste. The knowledge doesn’t always lead to behavior.  Waste sorting behavior is still related to the physical and social conditions of the community (external factors). Thus, to develop the sorting behavior requires three strategies: (1) strengthening policy; (2) providing ergonomic facilities; and (3) community involvement in changing behavior.AbtrakSurabaya merupakan salah satu kota dengan timbulan sampah terbesar. Agar dapat mengelola sampah dengan efektif, maka harus dimulai dari sumber dengan pemilahan sampah. Penelitian kualitatif ini bercorak studi kasus bertujuan mengetahui perilaku pemilahan sampah di Kota Surabaya. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan Dinas Kebersihan dan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kota Surabaya, LSM Pemerhati Sampah, Bank Sampah Induk Surabaya. Pengamatan dilakukan di Pusat Daur Ulang Jambangan, taman kota dan jalan-jalan untuk mengetahui bagaimana masyarakat memilah sampah di tempat umum. Meskipun Surabaya memiliki program kebersihan yang diakui dunia, tidak serta merta menjadikan masyarakatnya peduli kebersihan dan melakukan pemilahan sampah. Pengetahuan tidak selalu menghasilkan perilaku pemilahan sampah. Perilaku pemilahan sampah masih berkaitan dengan kondisi lingkungan fisik dan sosial masyarakat (faktor eksternal individu). Oleh karena itu, perilaku pemilahan sampah perlu dibentuk dengan 3 strategi: (1) penguatan kebijakan; (2) penyediaan sarana yang ergonomis; dan (3) pelibatan masyarakat dalam mengubah perilaku.
PURE HAFNIUM FOR NUCLEAR POWER
Authors: Pylypenko M.M. , Drobyshevska A.О. , Stadnik Yu.S. , Stupak Yu.O.
Published: June 2020

The processes of producing reactor-grade hafnium are investigated. It is shown that the electron beam melting method is effective for purification of hafnium from metallic impurities. The use of deoxidizing additives makes it possible to purify hafnium from oxygen, and carrying out a vacuum-thermal treatment of the initial charge provides the necessary nitrogen content
Da venda cogente de medicamentos pelos agentes privados ao sistema único de saúde (SUS)
Authors: Augusto Rocha Soares Alexandre , Durão Pedro
Published: June 2020

O desabastecimento de medicamentos essenciais no Sistema Único de Saúde tem, dentre outras causas, a recusa da indústria farmacêutica em fornecer medicamentos para o Poder Público, colocando em risco a vida dos usuários do SUS. Diante desse cenário, entes públicos ingressaram com ações civis públicas para obrigar os agentes privados ao fornecimento pelos preços tabelados, o que coloca em discussão a possibilidade jurídica de mitigar os preceitos da livre iniciativa para promover a dignidade da pessoa humana, isto é, se seria possível obrigar um particular a praticar determinado negócio jurídico – a venda de medicamentos – em favor da coletividade. A partir do juízo de ponderação entre os princípios colidentes, trabalha-se com a hipótese de que a dignidade da pessoa humana, vetor axiológico da Constituição Federal, deve prevalecer, em especial diante das peculiaridades do mercado farmacêutico, ou seja, de que as vendas de medicamentos ao SUS são obrigatórias. A técnica de pesquisa foi essencialmente bibliográfica, com fundamento em referenciais teóricos extraídos de livros, revistas e na internet, a despeito da problemática enfrentada possuir escassa bibliografia, pois não foram encontrados referenciais teóricos específicos sobre a venda cogente de medicamentos para o SUS. Busca-se deduzir um comando constitucional implícito que ampare a tese proposta, assim como ocorre na legislação consumerista e na antitruste, as quais possuem disposições semelhantes, a partir da análise de conceitos gerais abarcados pela doutrina pátria, em especial no que toca à livre iniciativa.
A aplicabilidade dos direitos fundamentais sob a ótica horizontal: um supino fruto do constitucionalismo democrático contemporâneo
Authors: Angélica Gonçalves Cavalcanti Dias Clara , Torres de Brito Silva Raquel
Published: June 2020

O artigo em baila buscará explanar sobre a importância da aplicabilidade dos direitos fundamentais, sobretudo na ótica horizontal de análise, na medida em que tal temática destaca-se como um dos principais frutos, de supina relevância, no paradigma democrático hodierno e do fenômeno da Constitucionalização Civil-Constitucional.
Extensão dos direitos fundamentais no brasil: os direitos esparsos e os de “origem alienígena”, integrantes do bloco de constitucionalidade nacional contemporâneo
Authors: Periandro de Almeida Hirsch Fábio
Published: June 2020

Os direitos fundamentais brasileiros não aparecem de forma concentrada, e sim dispersa ao longo do texto da Constituição Federal de 1988 e, também, fora dele. A extensão dos referidos direitos pode ser melhor observada através da noção de bloco de constitucionalidade. O artigo sistematiza a amplitude dos direitos fundamentais dentro do bloco no Brasil contemporâneo, viabilizando uma maior possibilidade de utilização adequada das mencionadas normas de proteção da cidadania.
The application of Artificial Intelligence in banks in the context of the three lines of defence model
Authors: Tammenga Alette
Published: June 2020

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques within banks is rising, especially for risk management purposes. The question arises whether the commonly used three lines of defence model is still fit for purpose given these new techniques, or if changes to the model are necessary. If AI and ML models are developed with involvement of second line functions, or for pure risk management purposes, independent oversight should be performed by a separate function. Other prerequisites to apply AI and ML in a controlled way are sound governance, a risk framework, an oversight function and policies and processes surrounding the use of AI and ML.
Hoe werken combinaties van management control-elementen? Tweeledigheid en dynamiek
Authors: van der Kolk Berend , van Veen-Dirks Paula , ter Bogt Henk
Published: June 2020

Het geheel is soms meer en soms minder dan de som der delen. Om de effecten van management control (MC)-elementen zoals organisatiewaarden, prestatiemetingssystemen en budgetten te begrijpen, dienen ze in samenhang bestudeerd te worden. In dit artikel bespreken de auteurs hoe verschillende MC-elementen elkaars effectiviteit kunnen beïnvloeden. Ook wordt stilgestaan bij de vraag wat het betekent dat relaties tussen MC-elementen tweeledig en dynamisch kunnen zijn. Verder wordt ingegaan op de spanning die tussen MC-elementen kan ontstaan als ze gezamenlijk worden gebruikt. Daarnaast wordt aan de hand van een casestudie getoond hoe managers met dergelijke spanningen tussen MC-elementen kunnen omgaan.
A novel rocket borne ion mass spectrometer with large mass range: instrument description and first flight results
Authors: Stude Joan , Aufmhoff Heinfried , Schlager Hans , Rapp Markus , Arnold Frank , Strelnikov Boris
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We present a novel rocket borne ion mass spectrometer ROMARA (ROcket borne MAss spectrometer for Research in the Atmosphere) for measurements of atmospheric positive and negative ions (atomic, molecular and cluster ions) and positively and negatively charged meteor smoke particles. Our ROMARA instrument has, compared to previous rocket borne ion mass spectrometers, a markedly larger mass range of up to m/z 2000 and a larger sensitivity, particularly for meteor smoke particle detection. Mayor objectives of this first ROMARA flight included: a functional test of the ROMARA instrument, measurements between 55 km and 121 km in the mass range of atmospheric positive and negative ions, a first attempt to conduct mass spectrometric measurements in the mass range of meteor smoke particles with mass to charge ratios up to m/z 2000, and measurements inside a polar mesospheric winter echo layer as detected by ground based radar. Our ROMARA measurements took place on the Arctic island of Andøya/Norway around noon in April 2018 and represented an integral part of the PMWE rocket campaign. During the rocket flight, ROMARA was operated in a measurement mode, offering maximum sensitivity and the ability to qualitatively detect total ion signatures even beyond its mass resolving mass range. On this first ROMARA flight we were able to meet all of our objectives. We detected atmospheric species including positive atomic, molecular and cluster ions along with negative molecular ions up to about m/z 100. Above m/z 2000, ROMARA measured strong negative ion signatures, which are likely due to negatively charged meteor smoke particles.
Overview of Main Radiation Transport Codes
Authors: Schetakis Nikolaos , Crespo Rodrigo , Vázquez-Poletti José Luis , Sastre Mariano , Vázquez Luis , Di Iorio Alessio
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Accurate predictions of expected radiation dose levels in Mars are made with space radiation transport codes, and various space agencies and institutions typically rely on a particular code that has been developed within their own national space agencies. We present these codes that are related to the simulation of the radiation on different scenarios on Mars surface. All of them have similar fields of applications but differ in several aspects, including energy range and types of projectiles considered, as well as the models of nuclear reactions considered.
A global,spherical,finite-element model for postseismic deformation using ABAQUS
Authors: Nield Grace A. , King Matt A. , Steffen Rebekka , Blank Bas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We present a finite-element model of postseismic solid Earth deformation built in the software package ABAQUS (version 2018). The model is global and spherical, and includes self-gravitation and is built for the purpose of calculating postseismic deformation in the far-field (> ~ 300 km) of major earthquakes. An earthquake is simulated by prescribing slip on a fault plane in the mesh and the model relaxes under the resulting change in stress. Both linear Maxwell and biviscous (Burgers) rheological models have been implemented and the model can be easily adapted to include different rheological models and lateral variations in Earth structure, a particular advantage over existing models. We benchmark the model against an analytical coseismic solution and an existing open-source postseismic model, demonstrating good agreement for all fault geometries tested. Due to the inclusion of self-gravity the model has the potential for predicting deformation in response to multiple sources of stress change, for example, changing ice thickness in tectonically active regions.
Modeling lightning observations from space-based platforms
(CloudScat.jl 1.0)
Authors: Luque Alejandro , Gordillo-Vázquez Francisco José , Li Dongshuai , Malagón-Romero Alejandro , Pérez-Invernón Francisco Javier , Schmalzried Anthony , Soler Sergio , Chanrion Olivier , Heumesser Matthias , Neubert Torsten , Reglero Víctor , Østgaard Nikolai
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We describe a computer code that simulates how a satellite observes optical radiation emitted by a lightning flash after it is scattered within an intervening cloud. Our code, CloudScat.jl, is flexible, fully open source and specifically tailored to modern instruments such as the Modular Multispectral Imaging Array (MMIA) component of the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) that operates from the International Space Station. In this article we describe the algorithms implemented in the code and discuss several applications and examples, with an emphasis on the interpretation of MMIA data.
Propuestas para el control de la coautoría “de pago” en la producción de artículos científicos
Authors: Caldera Serrano Jorge
Published: June 2020

Tras la publicación de un segundo caso de fraude por pago por publicación de artículos científicos en revistas presentes en índices con factor de impacto, se analiza la problemática derivados de la coautoría y la motivación de los autores. Con posterioridad, se analizan los casos fraudulentos de autoría ficticia y sus implicaciones, terminando con una serie de propuestas para la mejora de su control, destacando para ello los cambios en las políticas editoriales y en las políticas científicas, con el fin de que no haga necesario la publicación con factor de impacto como mérito preferente para el desarrollo de la carrera profesional para investigadores y docentes universitarios. Igualmente, para eliminar la opción del pago por publicación en revistas con impacto, se apuesta por la obligatoriedad de facilitar y difundir los pre-print y cambios en las políticas éticas y procedimentales de las revistas científicas
El concepto de España en el cancionero popular: texto, imagen, música y video
Authors: López Yepes José
Published: June 2020

El artículo tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar, mediante una selección de 23 canciones populares, aquellos componentes que permiten establecer un concepto de España a través de las mismas. Como consecuencia de ello se establece un triple enfoque: los que denominamos España ausente, España alabada y amada y España problemática. En el texto de las canciones se descubren tópicos y tradiciones que hacen posible el establecimiento de dichos enfoques que contribuyen a conformar una imagen de España compartida tradicionalmente por amplios sectores de la población española e hispanoamericana y de proyección en el exterior.
Impacts of Climate Change: Can Fisheries and Aquaculture Sectors Survive the Wave?
Authors: Ndlovu Talent , Charlebois Sylvain
Published: June 2020

Studies have shown the impact of climate change on the ocean ecosystem and the fishing and aquaculture sectors. As global warming intensifies, this will impact communities and communities as the populations of some fish species decline or increase. Research on the impacts of climate change to fisheries will facilitate the development of policies, helping communities to adapt while ensuring resilience and sustainability of the sector(s). This paper assesses the short term and long-term impacts of climate change to the ocean ecosystem, the consequences to economies and communities that rely on fishing for food security. It begins with a review of peer reviewed literature, followed by an analysis of the current policies and ends with some recommendations for governments in the sustainability and management of the ecosystem in the future. Important to note is the impact of human generated hazards and how a more holistic approach to minimizing risks to the ocean ecosystem could resolve threats of food insecurity in future.
The Impact of “Scramble for Talent” Campaign on College Graduates’ Employment and Entrepreneurship in the Context of Indigenous Innovation and Industrial Upgrading
Authors: Jingjun Yao
Published: June 2020

Indigenous innovation and industrial upgrading are the defining trends of economic development in the new era. With the formation of city clusters and the more scientific industry plant layout, the demand for talents in various cities is increasingly pressing. College students have become the major groups in the context of talent introduction policy. Major cities have initiated preferential policies to attract talents. The Scramble for Talent Campaign occurs among cities, making a considerable difference on the college graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship. Since the initiation of “Scramble for Talent” campaign, the talent flow in relevant cities has accelerated measurably. The research shows that Hukou (the household registration) is the main element that the college graduates factor into consideration when selecting places of employment, and the fund and policy support they are able to receive are the key elements to promote innovation. In the “Scramble for Talent”, such measures as relaxing restrictions on household registration policy, launching preferential loans policy and other support policies have considerably influenced on the college graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship, which helps to optimize the distribution of talent resources and improve the willingness and success rate of entrepreneurship. In order to illustrate the effect, a series of policies and the transformation and upgrading of pillar industries are required in the introduction of talents. The blind scramble for talents will not only unbalance the allocation of human resources but will also cause social problems. It will spread the “City Disease” from the first-tier cities to the second and third-tier cities. The college students and all relative administration in all regions should pay high attention to this problem during the course. Generally speaking, the “Scramble for Talent” Campaign is a special phenomenon in a special period, which positively impact the college graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship.
“We Are Already Sick”: Infectious Waste Management and Inequality in the Time of Covid-19, a Reflection from Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Tilley Elizabeth , Kalina Marc
Published: June 2020

The efficient and sanitary management of infectious waste is an essential part of the humanitarian response to any disaster, including the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, in many contexts within the Global South, waste management systems are poorly equipped to handle these waste streams during periods of normalcy, let alone during times of crisis. The purpose of this article is draw attention to a number of existing inequalities that define infectious waste management practices globally, with a critical eye to how they constrain poorer nations’ ability to respond and manage their own Covid-19 outbreaks. In particular, the work draws on the authors’ extensive research, experience, and activism at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi, to understand how waste management practices will inform and react to mitigation efforts and to propose a number of practical steps that can be achieved in the short-term, as well as towards long-term structural transformation. Ultimately, this conversation is meant to contribute to a more inclusive and critical waste management studies discourse.
Oxygen-Hafnium-Neodymium Isotope Constraints on the Origin of the Talnakh Ultramafic-Mafic Intrusion (Norilsk Province, Russia)
Authors: Malitch Kreshimir N. , Belousova Elena A. , Griffin William L. , Martin Laure , Badanina Inna Yu. , Sluzhenikin Sergey F.
Published: June 2020

The ultramafic-mafic Talnakh intrusion in the Norilsk province (Russia) hosts one of the world’s major platinum group element (PGE)-Cu-Ni sulfide deposits. This study employed a multitechnique approach, including in situ Hf-O isotope analyses of zircon combined with whole-rock Nd isotope data, in order to gain new insights into genesis of the Talnakh economic intrusion. Zircons from gabbrodiorite, gabbroic rocks of the layered series, and ultramafic rocks have similar mantle-like mean δ18O values (5.39 ± 0.49‰, n = 27; 5.64 ± 0.48‰, n = 34; and 5.28 ± 0.34‰, n = 7, respectively), consistent with a mantle-derived origin for the primary magma(s) parental to the Talnakh intrusion. In contrast, a sulfide-bearing taxitic-textured troctolite from the basal part of intrusion has high δ18O (mean of 6.50‰, n = 3), indicating the possible involvement of a crustal component during the formation of sulfide-bearing taxitic-textured rocks. The Hf isotope compositions of zircon from different rocks of the Talnakh intrusion show significant variations, with ɛHf(t) values ranging from –3.2 to 9.8 for gabbrodiorite, from –4.3 to 11.6 for unmineralized layered-sequence gabbroic rocks, from 2.3 to 12 for mineralized ultramafic rocks, and from –3.5 to 8.8 for mineralized taxitic-textured rocks at the base of the intrusion. The significant range in the initial 176Hf/177Hf values is ascribed to interaction of distinct magma sources during formation of the Talnakh intrusion. These include (1) a juvenile source equivalent to the depleted mantle, (2) a subcontinental lithospheric source, and (3) a minor crustal component. Initial whole-rock Nd isotope compositions of the mineralized taxitic-textured rocks from the base of the intrusion (mean ɛNd(t) = –1.5 ± 1.8) differ from the other rocks, which have relatively restricted ranges in initial ɛNd (mean ɛNd = 0.9 ± 0.2). The major set of ɛNd values around 1.0 at Talnakh is attributed to limited crustal contamination, presumably in deep magma chambers, whereas the smaller set of negative ɛNd values in taxitic-textured rocks is consistent with greater involvement of a crustal component and reflects an interaction with the wall rocks during emplacement.
Professional Training of the Economic Sector Specialists at Higher Education Institutions of the Republic of Poland and Ukraine: Criteria of Comparison
Authors: Zagorodnya Alla , Dichek Natalia , Chobitko Nikolai , Voznyk Mikhail , Honchar Liubov , Petrova Mariana
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the comparative analysis of the issues of the economic sector specialists’ professional training at higher education institutions of the Republic of Poland and Ukraine. The essence of the concept of “economic sector specialists’ professional training” has been revealed. The component structure of the economic sector specialists’ professional training has been determined. The criteria of comparison of the economic sector specialists’ professional training at higher education institutions of the Republic of Poland and Ukraine have been highlighted, namely: institutional-network; organizational-step; substantive-procedural. The results of the comparative analysis have been described.
Human anatomy and clinical nursing practice
Authors: Ratero Lilian Rubinho , André Júlio César , Santos Emerson Roberto dos , Castiglioni Lilian , Poletti Nádia Antônia Aparecida , Sasso Leonila Santos de Almeida , Bertolin Daniela Comelis
Published: June 2020

Introduction and Objective: Human anatomy is an essential component of the undergraduate nursing curriculum for learning the specific disciplines which deal with clinical practice. Anatomical knowledge provides assurance for the practice of clinical assessment and invasive procedures of legal competence of nurses.  The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation of the content taught in the discipline Human Anatomy with the clinical practice of undergraduate nursing students in the discipline Semiology and Semiotics in Nursing and The Care Process, as well as their assurance to start it.Methods: Quantitative descriptive study with the application of an online questionnaire to 66 undergraduate nursing students at a public education institution in the interior of São Paulo. Data analysis by number of occurrences and Chi-square test.Results: There was partial agreement about the interdisciplinarity between human anatomy and disciplines of clinical nursing practice. The students agreed to be partially assured about the procedures to start the semiological practice of different devices and to perform nursing procedures. The predominance of the superficial approach to content related to the clinical practice of the disciplines Semiology and Semiotics in Nursing and The Care Process was predominant.Conclusions: The teaching of human anatomy, along the lines offered, maintains an unsatisfactory correlation with clinical practice due to the students’ experience, interfering with learning, acting in clinical teaching and professional training.
English vis-à-vis Italian Aspectual Verb Constructions: The Case of Continuative Aspectualizers
Authors: Franceschi Daniele
Published: June 2020

This paper provides an initial analysis of continuative aspectualizers from a contrastive English-Italian perspective. The aim is to investigate the areas of overlap and contrast in terms of the lexico-syntactic behaviour and semantic scope of the main continuative verbs in the two languages, i.e., keep, continue, proceed, resume vs. (man)tenere, continuare, procedere, riprendere. The focus will also be on the identification of the cognitive factors that interact with the prototypical features of these predicates, licensing or blocking the constructions types that can embed them. Two primary mapping operations, namely metonymy and metaphor, will be observed to motivate the behaviour of continuative aspectualizers in transitive and intransitive constructions as well as in less common patterns, such as the middle, reflexive and resultative construction.
Basic Factors Motivating the Extension of Word Meaning
Authors: Hasanova Aytaj Sadiq
Published: June 2020

The present study was conducted to investigate the psycholinguistic bases and realization mechanism of semantic changes. Semantic extension that occurs in words comprehended in original nominative meaning has many times been the objective of linguistic investigations. As modern linguistics focuses more and more on the relationship of language and cognition, language and psychology, linguistic analyses and studies of word semantics are also directed to cognitive and thinking processes. The article aims to scrutinize main factors that bring about semantic changes. The semantic structure of a word undergoes multilateral changes throughout the historical development of language. Most words in language may assume additional meanings in functional speech that are not fixed in their lexicographic definitions. These peripheral or potential semantic components of meaning are realized in the thoughts of people in certain contexts. One of the reasons bringing about polysemy is explained by generalizing character of human thinking. The current study explains the approaches of both traditional and cognitive linguistics towards the above-mentioned linguistic phenomenon. The article also provides the interpretation of semantic development on the basis of the element of reality—the minimum unit that is comprehended, introduced in the theory of Linguo-Psychological Unity (LPU) newly created in Azerbaijani linguistics.
Pricing Decisions of FinTech Firms
Authors: Neubert Michael
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pricing strategies of French FinTech Firms (FFFs) using quantitative descriptive and correlational research methods. Based on a representative sample of 246 FFF, the study provided consistent support for the hypotheses, which argues that FFFs with high price-setting power may implement a combination of the price-setting strategy (PSS) “skimming” and the price-setting practice (PSP) “value-informed”. FFFs applying “market-based” PSSs tend to use “competition-informed” PSP preferring “pay-per-use” price-setting model (PSM). Whilst FFFs who apply “penetration” PSS tend to use “cost-informed” PSP and “pay-per-use” PSM. The findings support founders and senior management in their pricing decisions. This paper contributes to the existing literature on pricing strategies of early-stage high-tech companies. There is a need for further research about the change of pricing strategies during the lifecycle of a firm using for example a longitudinal quantitative study.
Engineering the Properties of Eco-Friendly Medium Density Fibreboards Bonded with Lignosulfonate Adhesive
Authors: Savov Viktor , Antov Petar
Published: June 2020

Free formaldehyde emissions from wood-based panels, especially in indoor applications, pose serious risks to human health at certain concentrations. Prolonged exposure to formaldehyde can cause adverse health effects including eye, nose and throat irritation, other respiratory symptoms and cancer. As a consequence, new formaldehyde emission limits for composite wood products were established in Europe, USA and Japan. This, together with the stricter environmental legislation are the main driving factors for shifting the scientific and industrial interest from the traditional formaldehyde-based synthetic resins to the new bio-based adhesives for production of eco-friendly wood-based panels. The lignin-based products are one of the most prospective ecological alternatives to the traditional formaldehyde resins. The main interest in lignin is due to its phenolic structure with several favourable properties for the formulation of wood adhesives such as high hydrophobicity and low polydispersity. The present article is aimed at studying the possibilities for using lignosulfonate as an adhesive for the production of eco-friendly MDF. Regression models describing the impact of lignosulfonate concentration and hot pressing temperature on the exploitation properties of MDF panels were developed. The individual and combined impact of both factors was analysed in order to determine the optimal exploitation properties of the panels.
MUSEUM IN THE PROCESS. SELECTED TENDENCIES IN 20TH-CENTURY MUSEOLOGY
Authors: Tołysz Aldona
Published: June 2020

The debate on the museum definition undertaken at the 2019 Kyoto ICOM General Conference points to the role played contemporarily by museums and the expectations they have to meet. It also results as a consequence of changes happening in museums beginning as of the 19th century until today. Extremely important processes took place in the past century. Initially, the changes covered the museum operating methods, mainly within museum education and display, however, they also had an impact on the status of objects in museum collections in the context of artistic and ethnographic collections. One of the most interesting ideas for museum’s redefinition was that proposed in the 1st half of the 20th c. in the formula of Museums of Artistic Culture. However, the departure from the traditionally conceived museum towards a ‘laboratory of modernity’ proposed by the Russian Avant-garde was still too revolutionary for its times. Beginning as of the 1960s, next to the reflection on museums’ operating modes, there increased the emphasis on the role they played and the one they should play in modern society. It was phenomena of political, social or economic character that had a direct impact on the transformation of the shape of museums, these phenomena appearing under the banners of globalization, liberalization, democratization, glocalization. Criticism of museums and their up-to-then praxes drew attention to the essential character of the relation between the institution and its public. The turn towards society allowed for such formats to appear as an ecomuseum, participatory museum, open museum. The solutions derived from the New Museology not only point to the necessity to move the level of the relationship between museum and society, but first and foremost to reflect on museum’s activity which is assumed to create an institution maximally transparent and ethical. It is for various reasons that not all the solutions proposed by museums meet the criteria. Museums continue to face numerous challenges, yet they boast potential to face them.
Nutrient requirements and evaluation of equations to predict chemical body composition of dairy crossbred steers
Authors: Silva Flavia Adriane de Sales , Valadares Filho Sebastião de Campos , Costa e Silva Luiz Fernando , Fernandes Jaqueline Gonçalves , Lage Bruno Corrêa , Chizzotti Mario Luiz , Felix Tara Louise
Published: June 2020

Objective: Objectives were to estimate energy and protein requirements of dairy crossbred steers, as well as to evaluate equations previously described in the literature (HH46 and CS16) to predict the carcass and empty body chemical composition of crossbred dairy cattle.Methods: Thirty-three Holstein × Zebu steers, aged 19 ± 1 months old, with an initial shrunk body weight of 324 ± 7.7 kg, were randomly divided into three groups: reference group (n = 5), maintenance level (1.17% BW; n = 4), and the remaining 24 steers were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. Treatments were: intake restricted to 85% of ad libitum feed intake for either 0, 28, 42, or 84 d of an 84-d finishing period.Results: The net energy and the metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance were 0.083 Mcal/EBW0.75/d and 4.40 g/EBW0.75, respectively. The net energy (NEG) and protein (NPG) requirements for growth can be estimated with the following equations: NEG (Mcal/kg EBG) = 0.2973(± 0.1212) × EBW0.4336(± 0.1002) and NPG (g/d) = 183.6(± 22.5333) × EBG – 2.0693(± 4.7254) × RE, where EBW = empty body weight, EBG = empty body gain, and RE = retained energy. Crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) chemical contents in carcass, and all the chemical components in the empty body were precisely and accurately estimated by CS16 equations. However, water content in carcass was better predicted by HH46 equation.Conclusion: The equations proposed in this study can be used for estimating the energy and protein requirements of crossbred dairy steers. The CS16 equations were the best estimator for CP and EE chemical contents in carcass, and all chemical components in the empty body of crossbred dairy steers, whereas water in carcass was better estimated using the HH46 equations.
Degradation kinetics of vitamins in premixes for pig: effects of choline, high concentrations of copper and zinc, and storage time
Authors: Yang Pan , Wang Hua Kai , Zhu Min , Li Long Xian , Ma Yong Xi
Published: June 2020

Objective: The present work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of storage time, choline chloride, and high concentrations of Cu and Zn on the kinetic behavior of vitamin degradation during storage in two vitamin premixes and four vitamin-trace mineral (VTM) premixes.Methods: Two vitamin premixes (with or without 160,000 mg/kg of choline) were stored at 25°C and 60% humidity. Besides, four VTM premixes were used to evaluate the effects of choline (0 vs 40,000 mg/kg) and trace minerals (low CuSO4+ZnO vs high CuSO4+ZnO) on vitamin stability in VTM premixes stored in room, and the VTM premixes were stored in room temperature at 22°C. Subsamples from each vitamin and VTM premix were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months. The retention of vitamin A (VA), vitamin D3 (VD3), vitamin E (VE), vitamin K3 (VK3), vitamin B1 (VB1), vitamin B2 (VB2), vitamin B3 (VB3), vitamin B5 (VB5), and vitamin B6 (VB6) in vitamin premixes and VTM premixes during storage was determined. The stability of vitamins in vitamin premixes and VTM premixes was determined and reported as the residual vitamin activity (% of initial) at each sampling point.Results: The effect of choline on VK3 retention was significant in vitamin premixes (p<0.05). The negative effect of storage time was significant for the retentions of VD3, VK3, VB1, VB2, VB5, and VB6 in vitamin premix (p<0.05). For VTM premixes, negative effect of storage time was significant (p<0.05) for the losses of vitamin in VTM premixes. Choline and high concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly increased VA, VK3, VB1, and VB2 loss during storage (p<0.05). The supplementation of high concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly decreased the concentrations of VD3 and VB6 (p<0.05) in VTM premixes at extended storage time.Conclusion: The maximum vitamin stability was detected in vitamin and VTM premixes containing no choline or excess Cu and Zn. The results indicated that extended storage time increased degradation of vitamin in vitamin or VTM premixes. These results may provide useful information for vitamin and VTM premixes to improve the knowledge of vitamin in terms of its stability.
Carbonic anhydrase influences asymmetric sodium and acetate transport across omasum of sheep
Authors: Rabbani Imtiaz , Rehman Habib , Martens Holger , Majeed Khalid Abdul , Yousaf Muhammad Shahbaz , Rehman Zia Ur
Published: June 2020

Objective: Omasum is an important site for the absorption of short chain fatty acids. The major route for the transport of acetate is via sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE). However, a discrepancy in the symmetry of sodium and acetate transport has been previously reported, the mechanism of which is unclear. In this study, we investigated the possible role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) for this asymmetry.Methods: Omasal tissues were isolated from healthy sheep (N = 3) and divided into four groups; pH 7.4 and 6.4 alone and in combination with Ethoxzolamide. Electrophysiological measurements were made using Ussing chamber and the electrical measurements were made using computer controlled voltage clamp apparatus. Effect(s) of CA inhibitor on acetate and sodium transport flux rate of Na22 and 14C-acetate was measured in three different flux time periods. Data were presented as mean±standard deviation and level of significance was ascertained at p≤0.05.Results: Mucosal to serosal flux of Na (JmsNa) was greater than mucosal to serosal flux of acetate (JmsAc) when the pH was decreased from 7.4 to 6.4. However, the addition of CA inhibitor almost completely abolished this discrepancy (JmsNa ≈ JmsAc).Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that the additional protons required to drive the NHE were provided by the CA enzyme in the isolated omasal epithelium. The findings of this study also suggest that the functions of CA may be exploited for better absorption in omasum.
Effects of dietary glycerol inclusion on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics, glycogen content, and meat volatile compounds in Korean cattle steers
Authors: Piao Minyu , Jung Da Jin Sol , Kang Hyeok Joong , Park Seung Ju , Lee Jin Oh , Kim Minsu , Kim Hyun Jin , Kim Do Hyun , Seo Ja Kyeom , Jo Cheorun , Haque Md Najmul , Baik Myunggi
Published: June 2020

Objective: We have tested our hypothesis that inclusion of purified glycerol as a replacer of portions of dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) would affect growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood parameters, carcass and sensory traits, reducing sugar and glycogen contents, and volatile compound profiles in longissimus thoracis (LT) in Korean cattle steers.Methods: A total of 20 Korean cattle steers (27.0±0.2 months old; 647±10.5 kg body weight [BW]) were assigned to a conventional control group or a glycerol group (3.17% purified glycerol addition as a replacement for DDGS and molasses). The steers were individually allowed to receive the experimental concentrate at the daily amount of 1.5% of their individual BW and a total 1.0 of kg/d of rice straw twice daily. The feeding trial was conducted for a period of 20 weeks.Results: Glycerol supplementation (GS) increased (p = 0.001) concentrate intake. However, GS did not affect (p>0.05) average daily gain, feed efficiency, and ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations. GS tended to increase (p≤0.10) serum glucose concentrations at the 16th and 20th weeks. GS decreased (p = 0.001) LT pH. GS did not affect (p>0.05) carcass traits and the chemical or physicochemical compositions, reducing sugar or glycogen contents, sensory traits, and most of volatile compounds in the LT.Conclusion: The inclusion of purified glycerol as a replacement for DDGS in the finishing diet did not affect growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and carcass quality in Korean cattle. The purified glycerol could be used as a substitute for other energy sources such as DDGS in beef cattle, depending on the price.
Nutritional condition in the dry period is related to the incidence of postpartum subclinical endometritis in dairy cattle
Authors: Taniguchi Asako , Nishikawa Tatsuya , Morita Yasuhiro
Published: June 2020

Objective: Endometritis is a major disease, that causes infertility in cattle, and is usually categorized as clinical or subclinical endometritis (SCE). The nutritional condition during the dry period is important for recovery after the last stage of the lactation period, and for postpartum production and reproduction. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between nutritional and metabolic characteristics in the dry period, and the risk of postpartum SCE.Methods: Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 25, raised in a tied stall) were used. Endometrial cytological analysis was performed around 30 days post-partum, with 5% to 14% polymorphonuclear (PMN) as a cut-off point to define SCE. Serum levels of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were measured in the cows at the dry period to evaluate energy status, protein metabolism, and mineral metabolism.Results: The incidence of SCE in the cows was 60.0% (n = 15/25) and the mean PMN% in postpartum cows diagnosed as SCE was 8.05%±2.6%. Overall, 17 and 8 samples were collected from the cows in the far-off and close-up periods, respectively. The serum concentration of BHBA in the far-off period and serum glucose concentration in the closeup period were correlated with postpartum PMN% (r = 0.62, p<0.01; r = –0.74, p<0.05, respectively). Serum levels of calcium and magnesium in the dry period were associated with the incidence of postpartum SCE (healthy vs SCE cows, p<0.05).Conclusion: Blood levels of glucose, BHBA, calcium, and magnesium in dry periods could be useful parameters for predicting the risk of postpartum SCE. The present study also suggests that management in the close-up period is essential for promoting recovery from calving fatigue.
Effects of marbling on physical and sensory characteristics of ribeye steaks from four different cattle breeds
Authors: Shahrai Nurul Nuraliya , Babji Abdul  Salam , Maskat Mohamad  Yusof , Razali Ahmad Faisal , Yusop Salma Mohamad
Published: June 2020

Objective: Marbling or intramuscular fat (IMF) has been widely reported to directly impact the sensory acceptance of meat. This study was carried out to determine the physical and sensory characteristics of ribeye, Longissimus dorsi steaks obtained from four different cattle breeds namely Wagyu, Angus, Brahman, and Malaysian local beef, the Kedah-Kelantan (KK).Methods: The degree of marbling was determined by using an established combined camera-image analysis technique while instrumental texture determination was carried out by using Warner-Bratzler shear force analysis. Sensory evaluation of the beef steaks was performed following a quantitative descriptive analysis incorporating 10 trained consumer panelists.Results: Wagyu was found to possess the highest (p<0.05) percentage of IMF at 33.90% and the lowest shear force (raw = 5.61 N/mm2; cooked = 14.72 N/mm2) followed by Angus (20.87%), Brahman (12.17%), and KK (p<0.05, 6.86%). The difference in sensory properties of the four steaks was evident, with Wagyu appearing to be highly correlated with most sensory attributes measured namely sustained buttery, tooth-packing, chewiness, juiciness, tenderness, mouthfeel, oiliness, and overall acceptability. The Malaysian local beef, KK was found to be less acceptable (p<0.05), although most of its sensory attributes were found similar (p>0.05) in appearance, aroma, texture, juiciness, and flavour to the cooked steak from Angus and Brahman.Conclusion: This present study demonstrated the role of IMF in determining the quality and sensory acceptance of beef from different cattle breeds. These data have provided new information and further understanding on the physical and sensory quality of Malaysian local beef.
Effects of monochromatic lights on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, eyeball development, oxidation resistance, and cecal bacteria of Pekin ducks
Authors: Hua Dengke , Xue Fuguang , Xin Hairui , Zhao Yiguang , Wang Yue , Xiong Benhai
Published: June 2020

Objective: Light is a significant component of housing environment in commercial poultry industry. This study was conducted to investigate whether Pekin ducks perform better under monochromatic lights than under white light with respect to their growth performance, carcass quality, eyeball development, oxidation resistance, and cecal bacterial communities.Methods: A total of 320 one-day-old male Pekin ducklings were randomly distributed into five rooms with different light treatments, white, red, yellow, green, and blue light. Each room consisted of 4 replicated pens with 16 ducklings per pen.Results: Blue light significantly decreased fat deposition by decreasing abdominal fat. Long wavelength light, such as red, green, and yellow light, considerably increased the back-to-front eyeball diameter and the red light potentially enlarged the side-to-side eyeball diameter. Besides, the blue light had adverse effects on the oxidation resistance status in terms of increasing the product malonaldehyde of lipid oxidation and decreasing the plasma concentration of total superoxide dismutase. The phyla of Firmicutes had the greatest abundance in the green and blue treatments, while Bacteroidetes in blue treatment was the least. The genus of Faecalibacterium was significantly lower under the red light.Conclusion: The high risk of cecal health status and decreased anti-oxidation activity were observed under blue light. Red, yellow, and green light might increase the risk of oversized eyeball and cecal illness. Therefore, monochromatic lights compared to white light did not show advantages on the performance of housing ducks, it turns out that the white light is the best light condition for grow-out ducks.
Assessment of genomic prediction accuracy using different selection and evaluation approaches in a simulated Korean beef cattle population
Authors: Nwogwugwu Chiemela Peter , Kim Yeongkuk , Choi Hyunji , Lee Jun Heon , Lee Seung-Hwan
Published: June 2020

Objective: This study assessed genomic prediction accuracies based on different selection methods, evaluation procedures, training population (TP) sizes, heritability (h2) levels, marker densities and pedigree error (PE) rates in a simulated Korean beef cattle population.Methods: A simulation was performed using two different selection methods, phenotypic and estimated breeding value (EBV), with an h2 of 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 and marker densities of 10, 50, or 777K. A total of 275 males and 2,475 females were randomly selected from the last generation to simulate ten recent generations. The simulation of the PE dataset was modified using only the EBV method of selection with a marker density of 50K and a heritability of 0.3. The proportions of errors substituted were 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. Genetic evaluations were performed using genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) with different weighted values. The accuracies of the predictions were determined.Results: Compared with phenotypic selection, the results revealed that the prediction accuracies obtained using GBLUP and ssGBLUP increased across heritability levels and TP sizes during EBV selection. However, an increase in the marker density did not yield higher accuracy in either method except when the h2 was 0.3 under the EBV selection method. Based on EBV selection with a heritability of 0.1 and a marker density of 10K, GBLUP and ssGBLUP_0.95 prediction accuracy was higher than that obtained by phenotypic selection. The prediction accuracies from ssGBLUP_0.95 outperformed those from the GBLUP method across all scenarios. When errors were introduced into the pedigree dataset, the prediction accuracies were only minimally influenced across all scenarios.Conclusion: Our study suggests that the use of ssGBLUP_0.95, EBV selection, and low marker density could help improve genetic gains in beef cattle.