bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thiopurine‐induced mitotic catastrophe in Rad51d‐deficient mammalian cells
Authors: Wyatt Michael D. , Reilly Nicole M. , Patel Shikha , Rajesh Preeti , Schools Gary P. , Smiraldo Phillip G. , Pittman Douglas L.
Published: September 2017

Thiopurines are part of a clinical regimen used for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, despite these successes, there are also unintended consequences such as therapy‐induced cancer in long‐term survivors. Therefore, a better understanding of cellular responses to thiopurines will lead to improved and personalized treatment strategies. RAD51D is an important component of homologous recombination (HR), and our previous work established that mammalian cells defective for RAD51D are more sensitive to the thiopurine 6‐thioguanine (6TG) and have dramatically increased numbers of multinucleated cells and chromosome instability. 6TG is capable of being incorporated into telomeres, and interestingly, RAD51D contributes to telomere maintenance, although the precise function of RAD51D at the telomeres remains unclear. We sought here to investigate: (1) the activity of RAD51D at telomeres, (2) the contribution of RAD51D to protect against 6TG‐induced telomere damage, and (3) the fates of Rad51d‐deficient cells following 6TG treatment. These results demonstrate that RAD51D is required for maintaining the telomeric 3′ overhangs. As measured by γ‐H2AX induction and foci formation, 6TG induced DNA damage in Rad51d‐proficient and Rad51d‐deficient cells. However, the extent of γ‐H2AX telomere localization following 6TG treatment was higher in Rad51d‐deficient cells than in Rad51d‐proficient cells. Using live‐cell imaging of 6TG‐treated Rad51d‐deficient cells, two predominant forms of mitotic catastrophe were found to contribute to the formation of multinucleated cells, failed division and restitution. Collectively, these findings provide a unique window into the role of the RAD51D HR protein during thiopurine induction of mitotic catastrophe. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:38–48, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparison of waiting times for assessment and epilepsy surgery between a Canadian and a Mexican referral center
Authors: Martínez‐Juárez Iris E. , Funes Bianca , Moreno‐Castellanos Julio C. , Bribiesca‐Contreras Elisa , Martínez‐Bustos Verónica , Zertuche‐Ortuño Lizeth , Hernández‐Vanegas Laura E. , Ronquillo Lizbeth Hernandez , Rizvi Syed , Adam Wu , Tellez‐Zenteno Jose F.
Published: September 2017

Objective

To provide a comprehensive transnational overview of wait times for epilepsy surgery in Canada and Mexico.

Methods

We reviewed all cases referred for epilepsy surgery between 2007 and 2015 at the Saskatchewan Epilepsy Program Royal University Hospital (SEP) (n = 70; Saskatoon, Canada) and the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN) (n = 76; Mexico City, Mexico) and compared wait times, calculated as the time from diagnosis of epilepsy on assessment at an epilepsy center to epilepsy surgery.

Results

Mean wait times were similar across centers. Mean patient age was 37.4 ± 9 years (NINN) and 36.7 ± 13.2 years (SEP). The mean time from epilepsy diagnosis to referral was 18.9 (NINN) and 16.9 years (SEP), p = 0.30; first consult with the epileptologist, 19.7 (NINN) and 17.4 years (p = 0.23); neuropsychology consult, 21.4 (NINN) and 17.9 years (SEP); video electroencephalogram (video‐EEG) telemetry, 21.1 (NINN) and 18.6 months (SEP); initial neurosurgical consult, 21.9 (NINN) and 19.1 years (SEP) (p = 0.35); and epilepsy surgery, 19.7 (NINN) and 19.6 years (SEP) (p = 0.29).

Significance

This is the first study to compare wait times between Canada and Mexico. Despite disparity in their health delivery systems and financial resources, surgical wait times appeared to be protracted in both nations, confirming that delayed treatment is a universal problem that requires collaborative scrutiny.
Mendelian randomization with fine‐mapped genetic data: Choosing from large numbers of correlated instrumental variables
Authors: Burgess Stephen , Zuber Verena , Valdes‐Marquez Elsa , Sun Benjamin B , Hopewell Jemma C
Published: September 2017

Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants to make causal inferences about the effect of a risk factor on an outcome. With fine‐mapped genetic data, there may be hundreds of genetic variants in a single gene region any of which could be used to assess this causal relationship. However, using too many genetic variants in the analysis can lead to spurious estimates and inflated Type 1 error rates. But if only a few genetic variants are used, then the majority of the data is ignored and estimates are highly sensitive to the particular choice of variants. We propose an approach based on summarized data only (genetic association and correlation estimates) that uses principal components analysis to form instruments. This approach has desirable theoretical properties: it takes the totality of data into account and does not suffer from numerical instabilities. It also has good properties in simulation studies: it is not particularly sensitive to varying the genetic variants included in the analysis or the genetic correlation matrix, and it does not have greatly inflated Type 1 error rates. Overall, the method gives estimates that are less precise than those from variable selection approaches (such as using a conditional analysis or pruning approach to select variants), but are more robust to seemingly arbitrary choices in the variable selection step. Methods are illustrated by an example using genetic associations with testosterone for 320 genetic variants to assess the effect of sex hormone related pathways on coronary artery disease risk, in which variable selection approaches give inconsistent inferences.
Evolutionarily derived networks to inform disease pathways
Authors: Graham Britney E. , Darabos Christian , Huang Minjun , Muglia Louis J. , Moore Jason H. , Williams Scott M.
Published: September 2017

Methods to identify genes or pathways associated with complex diseases are often inadequate to elucidate most risk because they make implicit and oversimplified assumptions about underlying models of disease etiology. These can lead to incomplete or inadequate conclusions. To address this, we previously developed human phenotype networks (HPN), linking phenotypes based on shared biology. However, such visualization alone is often uninterpretable, and requires additional filtering. Here, we expand the HPN to include another method, evolutionary triangulation (ET). ET utilizes the hypothesis that alleles affecting disease risk in multiple populations are distributed consistently with differences in disease prevalence and compares allele frequencies among populations and their relationship to phenotype prevalence. We hypothesized that combining these methods will increase our ability to detect genetic patterns of association in complex diseases. We combined HPN and ET to identify network patterns associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a leading cause of death worldwide. Fasting glucose, a continuous trait, was used as a proxy for T2DM and differs significantly among continental populations. The combined method identified several diabetes‐related traits and several phenotypes related to cardiovascular diseases, for which diabetes is a major risk factor. ET‐HPN found more phenotypes related to our target and related phenotypes than the application of either method alone. Not only could we detect phenotype connections related to T2DM, but we also identified phenotypes that are distributed in parallel to it, e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Our analyses showed that ET‐filtered HPN provides information that neither technique can individually.
Brain structural correlates of irritability: Findings in a large healthy cohort
Authors: Besteher Bianca , Squarcina Letizia , Spalthoff Robert , Bellani Marcella , Gaser Christian , Brambilla Paolo , Nenadić Igor
Published: September 2017

Irritability and nonviolent aggression are common behavioral features across the population, yet there is limited neurobiological research into subclinical phenotypes representing the lower edge of a symptom continuum ranging from slight irritability to criminal violence. We studied brain structural correlates of irritability in a large healthy cohort to test the hypothesis of associations with fronto‐limbic brain structures implicated in mood regulation. In a large multicenter effort, we recruited 409 mentally healthy adults from the community, who received T1‐weighted high‐resolution 3 T MRI scans. These structural scans were automatically preprocessed for voxel‐ and surface‐based morphometry measurements with the CAT 12 toolbox implemented in SPM 12. Subclinical aggressive symptoms were assessed using the SCL‐90‐R aggression/hostility subscale and then correlated with cortical volume (VBM), and cortical thickness and gyrification. VBM analysis showed significant (P < 0.05, FDR‐corrected at peak‐level) positive correlations of cortical volume with SCL‐90‐R aggression subscale values in large clusters spanning bilateral anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices and left lingual and postcentral gyri. Surface‐based morphometry yielded mostly uncorrected positive correlations with cortical thickness in bilateral precentral gyri and with gyrification in left insula and superior temporal gyrus. Our findings imply an association of subclinical aggressive symptoms with cortical volume in areas important for emotion awareness and regulation, which might also be related to cortical adaptation to mental stress. These results overlap with several findings on impulsive aggression in patients suffering from affective and disruptive behavior disorders. They also suggest a biological symptom continuum manifesting in these brain areas. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6230–6238, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation among ocular surface disease, xerostomia, and nasal symptoms in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma subjected to radioiodine therapy: A prospective comparative study
Authors: da Fonseca Fabricio Lopes , Yamanaka Patricia Kazue , Mazoti Luciana , Arakawa‐Sugueno Lica , Kato Juliana Mika , Matayoshi Suzana
Published: September 2017

Background

Some complications of radioiodine therapy have been reported, but the involvement of the eyes and adnexa is rarely discussed. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation among ocular surface changes, xerostomia, and changes in the nasal mucosa associated with radioiodine therapy.

Methods

Patients subjected to radioiodine therapy (group 1) or not subjected (group 2) were prospectively evaluated by examinations of the ocular surface and tear film, saliva production, and nasal endoscopy. Ocular and nasal symptoms and xerostomia were evaluated using questionnaires.

Results

Evaluation of the ocular surface did not indicate significant differences between the groups. Nasal endoscopy revealed higher mucosal pallor in group 1 and worsening of the endoscopic appearance. Worsening of ocular symptoms and nasal symptoms, xerostomia, and a significant decrease in salivary production was also observed in group 1.

Conclusion

Subjective worsening of xerostomia, xerophthalmia, nasal symptoms, and changes in the nasal mucosa in group 1 was observed.
Prognostic nomogram for disease‐specific survival of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland
Authors: Hu Yu‐Hua , Li Wei , Zhang Chun‐Ye , Xia Rong‐Hui , Tian Zhen , Wang Li‐Zhen , Xie Lu , Li Jiang
Published: September 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to establish an effective prognostic nomogram for carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca‐ex‐PA) of the salivary gland.

Methods

The nomogram was based on a retrospective study on 223 patients who underwent surgical operation for Ca‐ex‐PA from 2001 to 2010. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by concordance index (C‐index) and calibration curve. The results were validated using bootstrap resampling and a prospective study on 111 patients operated on from 2011 to 2012.

Results

On multivariate analysis of the primary cohort, independent factors for disease‐specific survival (DSS) were age, tumor diameter, degree of capsule invasion, lymph node metastasis, and the interaction between tumor site and histological subtype, which were all selected into the nomogram. The C‐index of the nomogram for predicting DSS was 0.90 and 0.86 in the primary cohort and validation cohort, respectively.

Conclusion

The proposed nomogram resulted in more accurate prognostic predictions for patients with Ca‐ex‐PA.
Nano‐pulse stimulation induces potent immune responses, eradicating local breast cancer while reducing distant metastases
Authors: Guo Siqi , Jing Yu , Burcus Niculina I. , Lassiter Brittany P. , Tanaz Royena , Heller Richard , Beebe Stephen J.
Published: September 2017

Nano‐pulse stimulation (NPS) as a developing technology has been studied for minimally invasive, nonthermal local cancer elimination for more than a decade. Here we show that a single NPS treatment results in complete regression of the poorly immunogenic, metastatic 4T1‐Luc mouse mammary carcinoma. Impressively, spontaneous distant organ metastases were largely prevented, even in those animals with incomplete tumor regression. All tumor‐free mice were protected from secondary tumor cell challenge, demonstrating a vaccine‐like effect. NPS treatment induced antitumor immunity, long‐term memory T cells, destruction of tumor microenvironment and reversal of the massive increase of immune suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment and blood. NPS‐treated 4T1 cells exhibited release of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including calreticulin, HMGB1 and ATP, and activated dendritic cells. Those findings suggest that NPS is a potent immunogenic cell death inducer that elicits antitumor immunity to prevent distant metastases in addition to local tumor eradication.
Cysteine‐rich buccal gland protein suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of hela cells through akt pathway
Authors: Han Jianmei , Liu Yu , Jiang Qi , Xiao Rong
Published: September 2017

Cysteine‐rich buccal gland protein (CRBGP) as a member of cysteine‐rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) superfamily was isolated from the buccal glands of Lampetra japonica, the blood suckers in the marine. Previous studies showed CRBGP could suppress angiogenesis probably due to its ion channel blocking activity. Whether CRBGP could also affect the activity of tumor cells has not been reported yet. In this study, CRBGP suppressed the proliferation of Hela cells with an IC50 of 6.7 μM by inducing apoptosis. Both microscopic observation and Western blot indicated that CRBGP was able to induce the nuclei shrinking, downregulate the protein level of BCL2 and caspase 3 as well as upregulate the level of BAX in Hela cells, suggested that CRBGP might induce apoptosis of Hela cells in a mitochondrial‐dependent pathway. Furthermore, CRBGP could disturb F‐actin organization, which would finally cause the Hela cells to lose their shape and to lessen their abilities on adhesion, migration and invasion. Finally, CRBGP was shown to reduce the phosphorylation level of Akt, which indicated that CRBGP might inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of Hela cells through Akt pathway. CRBGP, as a voltage‐gated sodium channel blocker, also possesses the anti‐tumor abilities which provided information on the effects and action manner of the other CRISPs. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(11):856–866, 2017
Nanofibrous scaffolds with biomimetic structure
Authors: Khalili Shahla , Nouri Khorasani Saied , Razavi Mohammad , Hashemi Beni Batol , Heydari Fariba , Tamayol Ali
Published: September 2017

This research studies the effect of using a grid‐like pattern as a collector on increasing the pore size of the electrospun gelatin/cellulose acetate/elastin scaffolds. The morphological study showed an enlargement in pore size and a decline in fiber diameter in comparison with the scaffold fabricated using conventional flat sheet collectors. The use of the pattern increased the swelling ratio and degradation rate of the scaffold. Investigating the tensile properties of scaffolds revealed that the patterned collector increased the elongation at break up to 145%. In vitro experiments revealed the patterned scaffold as a good substrate for attachment and proliferation of fibroblast cells. Overall, our results indicated that the patterned scaffold of gelatin/cellulose acetate/elastin could provide a better microenvironment for fibroblast cells compared to the conventional scaffolds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 370–376, 2018.
A full‐pivoting algorithm for the Cholesky decomposition of two‐electron repulsion and spin‐orbit coupling integrals
Authors: Piccardo Matteo , Soncini Alessandro
Published: September 2017

A significant reduction in the computational effort for the evaluation of the electronic repulsion integrals (ERI) inab initioquantum chemistry calculations is obtained by using Cholesky decomposition (CD), a numerical procedure that can remove the zero or small eigenvalues of the ERI positive (semi)definite matrix, while avoiding the calculation of the entire matrix. Conversely, due to its antisymmetric character, CD cannot be directly applied to the matrix representation of the spatial part of the two‐electron spin‐orbit coupling (2e‐SOC) integrals. Here, we present a computational strategy to achieve a Cholesky representation of the spatial part of the 2e‐SOC integrals, and propose a new efficient CD algorithm for both ERI and 2e‐SOC integrals. The proposed algorithm differs from previous CD implementations by the extensive use of a full‐pivoting design, which allows a univocal definition of the Cholesky basis, once the CDδthreshold is made explicit. We show thatis the upper limit for the errors affecting the reconstructed 2e‐SOC integrals. The proposed strategy was implemented in theab initioprogram Computational Emulator of Rare Earth Systems (CERES), and tested for computational performance on both the ERI and 2e‐SOC integrals evaluation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple senses of community and acculturation strategies among migrants
Authors: Mannarini Terri , Talò Cosimo , Mezzi Monica , Procentese Fortuna
Published: September 2017

Based on the theoretical framework of multiple psychological sense of community (MPSOC) and acculturation models, the study explored the relationships between territorial (TPSOC) and ethnic PSOC (EPSOC) and the acculturation behaviors of 2 groups of immigrants who settled in Italy, namely, Albanians (N = 230) and Sri Lankans (N = 131). Based on survey data and quantitative analyses (general linear models), TPSOC and EPSOC were considered first separately and then combined, according to a bidimensional model of MPSOC that resulted in four combinations (dual membership, receiving society membership, ethnic membership, and no membership). The findings highlighted significant variations across groups. Among Albanian participants, both TPSOC and EPSOC were positively associated with integration and negatively with marginalization. Dual membership was positively associated with integration, prevailing ethnic membership with separation, and no membership with marginalization. Among Sri Lankan participants, EPSOC showed a positive association with separation. Dual membership was associated with marginalization, prevailing receiving society membership with assimilation, prevailing ethnic membership with separation, and no membership with integration.
Paroxetine‐induced QTc prolongation
Authors: Otsuka Yuji
Published: September 2017

There have been only two previous reports of paroxetine‐induced corrected QT (QTc) prolongation on electrocardiogram (ECG). Here, we report a 43‐year‐old woman with QTc prolongation (476 ms). She had taken 50 mg of paroxetine for 17 days. Three days after discontinuation of paroxetine, QTc returned to within the normal limits (396 ms). Paroxetine blocks the human ether‐a‐go‐go‐related gene (HERG) channels. Genetic polymorphisms of channels related to cardiac function are involved in drug‐induced QTc prolongation. Moreover, autonomic nervous system instability due to unstable psychotic symptoms may also affect QTc. These factors are related to this rare event induced by paroxetine.
Standardized ileal digestibility and digestible indispensable amino acid score of porcine and bovine hydrolyzates in pigs
Authors: Bindari Yugal Raj , Lærke Helle Nygaard , Nørgaard Jan Værum
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

The use of protein hydrolyzates in food and feed ingredients is a growing area of interest. The present study was conducted aiming to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) and to evaluate protein quality of porcine and bovine hydrolyzates. The SID values were determined in pigs and these values were used to calculate digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) values.

RESULTS

The SID of crude protein of hydrolyzates of porcine plasma, bovine muscle, bovine collagen, porcine heart and porcine muscle was 0.81, 0.84, 0.79, 0.79 and 0.91, respectively. Based on the DIAAS, hydrolyzates of porcine plasma and porcine heart (DIAAS = 87 and 76) are considered as good quality protein sources for younger children. For older children, adolescents and adults, the hydrolyzates of bovine muscle and porcine heart (DIAAS = 81 and 87) are considered as good quality protein sources and the hydrolyzate of porcine plasma (DIAAS = 102) is considered as a high quality protein source.

CONCLUSION

DIAAS values indicate that the porcine and bovine hydrolyzates tested in the present study have low and medium to high protein values and also that the protein products can be included in human nutrition. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Incidental Findings on Routine Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography Performed in Preterm Neonates Younger Than 29 Weeks’ Gestation
Authors: Smith Aisling , Breatnach Colm R. , James Adam T. , Franklin Orla , El‐Khuffash Afif
Published: September 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to quantify the rate of incidental findings identified on elective research echocardiography performed on neonates younger than 29 weeks’ gestation.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of echocardiographic examinations performed within the first 24 hours of age on neonates younger than 29 weeks’ gestation over a 3‐year period for research purposes. Incidental echocardiographic findings and pertinent clinical data were recorded.

Results

Echocardiographic examinations performed on 145 neonates were retrospectively reviewed. Forty‐three neonates (30%) had a total of 54 unexpected findings (37%). Most comprised malpositioned umbilical venous catheters, where the tip was located in the left atrium. The remainder of the conditions identified included unsuspected congenital heart disease, liver hematomas, and unexpected pulmonary hypertension.

Conclusions

There is a high rate of incidental findings identified on screening echocardiograms. Routine targeted neonatal echocardiographic screening of preterm neonates may be warranted to identify the considerable likelihood of asymptomatic findings.
Temporal bone histopathology of furosemide ototoxicity
Authors: Santos Felipe , Nadol Joseph B.
Published: September 2017

Objectives

To describe the human temporal bone pathology in two patients who incurred furosemide induced ototoxicity.

Patients

1) A 46‐year‐old woman in acute liver and renal failure treated with high doses of furosemide for anasarca who developed a rapidly progressive severe‐to‐profound asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss. 2) A 65‐year‐old woman with undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the lung who received intravenous furosemide 1 day prior to death for pulmonary edema.

Interventions

Removal of temporal bones, histologic processing, and light microscopy of temporal bones.

Main Outcome Measures

Temporal bone histopathology and correlation with clinical and audiometric data.

Results

All three temporal bones demonstrated edema and cystic changes in the stria vascularis. In the first case the furosemide exposure was associated with hearing loss and the pathological changes were more extensive including cystic changes in the Hensen's cells, collapse of Reissner's membrane and the tectorial membrane and diffuse loss of inner and outer hair cells with only modest reduction in the spiral ganglion cell population. In the second case, without attributable hearing loss, there was only modest reduction in hair cell and spiral ganglion cell counts. Pathological changes were not observed in the ampullae of the semicircular canals or epithelium of the saccular or utricular maculae in either case.

Conclusions

The temporal bone pathologic correlate for furosemide‐induced ototoxicity is edema and cystic degeneration of the stria vascularis. The degree of degenerative change appears dose‐dependent. We infer that pathological changes may occur in the absence of a measurable immediate clinical effect.

Level of Evidence

NA.
Wnt/β‐catenin and ERK pathway activation: A possible mechanism of photobiomodulation therapy with light‐emitting diodes that regulate the proliferation of human outer root sheath cells
Authors: Kim Jung E. , Woo Young J. , Sohn Ki M. , Jeong Kwan H. , Kang Hoon
Published: September 2017

Background

Outer root sheath cells (ORSCs) play important roles in maintaining hair follicle structure and provide support for the bulge area. The hair growth promoting effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) have been reported, but the mechanisms for this in human ORCs (hORSCs) have rarely been studied.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various wavelengths of light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation on human ORSCs (hORSCs).

Methods

LED irradiation effects on hORSC proliferation and migration were examined with MTT assay, BrdU incorporation assay and migration assays. hORSCs were irradiated using four LED wavelengths (415, 525, 660, and 830 nm) with different low energy levels. LED irradiation effects on the expression of molecules associated with the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and ERK pathway, hair stem cell markers, and various growth factors and cytokines in hORSCs were examined with real‐time PCR and Western blot assay. The effect of the LED‐irradiated hORSCs on cell proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) was examined with co‐culture and MTT assay.

Results

PBMT with LED light variably promoted hORSC proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis depending on energy level. LED irradiation induced Wnt5a, Axin2, and Lef1 mRNA expression and β‐catenin protein expression in hORSCs. Phosphorylation of ERK, c‐Jun, and p38 in hORSCs was observed after LED light irradiation, and ERK inhibitor treatment before irradiation reduced ERK and c‐Jun phosphorylation. Red light‐treated hORSCs showed substantial increase in IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐a, IGF‐1, TGF‐β1, and VEGF mRNA. Light irradiation at 660 and 830 nm projected onto hORSCs accelerated in vitro migration. LED‐irradiated hORSCs increased hDPCs proliferation when they were co‐cultured. The conditioned medium from LED‐irradiated hORSCs was sufficient to stimulate hDPCs proliferation.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that LED light irradiation induced hORSC proliferation and migration and inhibited apoptosis in vitro. The growth‐promoting effects of LEDs on hORSCs appear to be associated with direct stimulation of the Wnt5a/β‐catenin and ERK signaling pathway. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:940–947, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Salvage liver transplantation or repeat hepatectomy for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: An intent‐to‐treat analysis
Authors: Lim Chetana , Shinkawa Hiroji , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Bhangui Prashant , Salloum Chady , Gomez Gavara Concepcion , Lahat Eylon , Omichi Kiyohiko , Arita Junichi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Compagnon Philippe , Feray Cyrille , Kokudo Norihiro , Azoulay Daniel
Published: September 2017

The salvage liver transplantation (LT) strategy was conceived for initially resectable and transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to obviate upfront transplantation, with salvage LT in the case of recurrence. The longterm outcomes of a second resection for recurrent HCC have improved. The aim of this study was to perform an intention‐to‐treat analysis of overall survival (OS) comparing these 2 strategies for initially resectable and transplantable recurrent HCC. From 1994 to 2011, 391 patients with HCC who underwent salvage LT (n = 77) or a second resection (n = 314) were analyzed. Of 77 patients in the salvage LT group, 21 presented with resectable and transplantable recurrent HCC and 18 underwent transplantation. Of 314 patients in the second resection group, 81 presented with resectable and transplantable recurrent HCC and 81 underwent a second resection. The 5‐year intention‐to‐treat OS rates, calculated from the time of primary hepatectomy, were comparable between the 2 strategies (72% for salvage transplantation versus 77% for second resection; P = 0.57). In patients who completed the salvage LT or second resection procedure, the 5‐year OS rates, calculated from the time of the second surgery, were comparable between the 2 strategies (71% versus 71%; P = 0.99). The 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 72% following transplantation and 18% following the second resection (P < 0.001). Similar results were observed after propensity score matching. In conclusion, although the 5‐year OS rates were similar in the salvage LT and second resection groups, the salvage LT strategy still achieves better DFS. Second resection for recurrent HCC might be considered to be the best alternative option to LT in the current organ shortage. Liver Transplantation 23 1553–1563 2017 AASLD.
Electronic Interactions of n‐Doped Perylene Diimide Groups Appended to Polynorbornene Chains: Implications for Electron Transport in Organic Electronics
Authors: Nguyen Minh T. , Biberdorf Joshua D. , Holliday Bradley J. , Jones Richard A.
Published: September 2017

A polymer consisting of a polynorbornene backbone with perylene diimide (PDI) pendant groups on each monomeric unit is synthesized via ring opening metathesis polymerization. The PDI pendant groups along the polymer backbone, studied by UV–vis absorption, fluorescence emission, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in addition to electrochemical methods, show evidence of molecular aggregation and corresponding electronic coupling with neighboring groups, which forms pathways for efficient electron transport from one group to another in a specific reduced form. When n‐doped, the title polymer shows redox conductivity of 5.4 × 10−3 S cm−1, comparable with crystalline PDI materials, and is therefore a promising material for use in organic electronics.
Determination of the optimal ordering policy for the retailer with limited capitals when a supplier offers 2 levels of trade credit
Authors: Liao Jui‐Jung , Huang Kuo‐Nan , Chung Kun‐Jen , Lin Shy‐Der , Ting Pin‐Shou , Srivastava H.M.
Published: September 2017

In this article, we consider and investigate the cases when the retailer's capitals are restricted and when the supplier offers another kind of 2‐level trade credit. This means that the supplier offers 2‐level trade credit for the retailer to settle the account and the retailer's capitals are restricted, so the retailer decides to pay off the unpaid balance as follows: Firstly, the retailer decides to pay off the unpaid balance at the end of the first credit period if the retailer can pay off all accounts and, in addition, the retailer can use the sales revenue to earn interest throughout the replenishment cycle time. Secondly, the retailer decides to pay off all accounts either after the end of the first credit period, but before the second credit period, or after the second credit period if the retailer cannot pay off the unpaid balance at the end of the first credit period. Additionally, the delay will incur interest charges on the unpaid and overdue balance due to the difference between the interest earned and the interest charged. Consequently, the main purpose of this article is to characterize the optimal solution processes and (in accordance with the functional behavior of the cost function) to search for the optimal replenishment cycle time. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results which are proven in this article by means of mathematical solution procedures.
In vivo MRS for the assessment of mouse colon using a dedicated endorectal coil: initial findings
Authors: Dorez Hugo , Ratiney Hélène , Canaple Laurence , Saint‐Jalmes Hervé , Gaillard Sophie , Moussata Driffa , Sablong Raphaël , Beuf Olivier
Published: September 2017

Inflammatory bowel disease is a common group of inflammation conditions that can affect the colon and the rectum. These pathologies require a careful follow‐up of patients to prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Currently, conventional endoscopy is used to depict alterations of the intestinal walls, and biopsies are performed on suspicious lesions for further analysis (histology). MRS enables the in vivo analysis of biochemical content of tissues (i.e. without removing any samples). Combined with dedicated endorectal coils (ERCs), MRS provides new ways of characterizing alterations of tissues.

An MRS in vivo protocol was specifically set up on healthy mice and on mice chemically treated to induce colitis. Acquisitions were performed on a 4.7 T system using a linear volume birdcage coil for the transmission of the B1 magnetic field, and a dedicated ERC was used for signal reception. Colon‐wall complex, lumen and visceral fat were assessed on healthy and treated mice with voxel sizes ranging from 0.125 μL to 2 μL while keeping acquisition times below 3 min.

The acquired spectra show various biochemical contents such as α‐ and β‐methylene but also glycerol backbone and diacyl. Choline was detected in tumoral regions. Visceral fat regions display a high lipid content with no water, whereas colon‐wall complex exhibits both high lipid and high water contents.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that in vivo MRS using an ERC has been performed in the assessment of colon walls and surrounding structures. It provides keys for the in vivo characterization of small local suspicious lesions and offers complementary solutions to biopsies.
Fifty Years of Behavioral/Lifestyle Interventions for Overweight and Obesity: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Williamson Donald A.
Published: September 2017

Objective

This paper reviews the literature pertaining to the structure and content of intensive lifestyle interventions (ILIs) for overweight/obesity since Richard Stuart described this new treatment approach in 1967. A consensus opinion has formed that behavioral/lifestyle treatment of overweight and obesity should be viewed as a mainstream intervention for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes and medical complications associated with obesity.

Methods

The development of modern ILIs and demonstration of their efficacy are compared by structure, content, and efficacy of four major randomized controlled trials: Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), Look AHEAD, POUNDS Lost, and CALERIE.

Results

The results of these studies indicated that modification of lifestyle behaviors related to nutrition and physical activity can yield weight loss and prevention or improvement of a variety of medical conditions associated with obesity in a variety of subpopulations.

Conclusions

Recommendations for the structure and length of behavioral/lifestyle interventions have been recently adopted by agencies and institutions that approve reimbursement for medical services. These recommendations represent a giant step in the effort to recognize ILIs as a mainstream approach for the treatment of obesity and comorbid medical conditions. Nevertheless, they do not adequately represent advances made since the publication of the DPP results.
Towards the circular economy: A commentary on corporate approaches and challenges
Authors: Jones Peter , Comfort Daphne
Published: September 2017

The concept of the circular economy is gaining momentum within the business world, and it is seen as an important element in the transition to a more sustainable future. Circular economies are built around a range of activities that look to reduce the demand for raw material inputs and natural resources and to recover, recycle, and reuse those inputs and resources as an integral part of the production process. As such, the concept of the circular economy restorative and regenerative and is contrasted, by its proponents, with the traditional “linear economy” that turns raw materials into waste in the production process and that is seen to lead to environmental pollution and the removal of natural capital from the environment. This commentary paper outlines the characteristic features of the concept of the circular economy, outlines how a number of companies are adopting circular economy approaches, and offers some general reflections on the application of the concept.
Risk for chromosomal aberrations in apparently isolated intrauterine growth restriction: A systematic review
Authors: Sagi‐Dain Lena , Peleg Amir , Sagi Shlomi
Published: September 2017

Objective

To perform a systematic review examining the risk of chromosomal aberrations in apparently isolated intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Methods

Search was conducted by research librarian in 5 databases. By independent screening of 2894 references, 2 investigators selected original studies examining the risk of chromosomal aberrations in apparently isolated IUGR diagnosed at the second and third trimesters by using ultrasound. We excluded studies describing IUGR combined with additional fetal anomalies detected by ultrasound and those where fetuses with structural anomalies or aneuploidy were not reported.

Results

Fourteen observational cohort studies were found, encompassing 874 apparently isolated IUGR cases. Mean rate of chromosomal aberrations was 6.4%, ranging between 0% (in 3 studies) and 26.3%. Only 2 articles examined apparently isolated IUGR diagnosed in the third trimester, encompassing a total of 32 pregnancies. Invasive testing of these cases yielded normal karyotypes. A single article analyzed 137 second trimester IUGR pregnancies, reporting 2 abnormal karyotypes of minimal clinical significance. Overall quality of existing evidence was defined as “very low.”

Conclusions

Due to a limited number of cases and insufficient quality of evidence, high‐quality well standardized case‐controlled trials should be conducted, further exploring the risk for chromosomal aberrations in pregnancies with isolated IUGR.
Synthesis of a bio‐inspired catechol/phosphorylcholine surface modifier and characterization of its surface properties
Authors: Zhang Yucheng , Hirai Tomoyasu , Ma Wei , Higaki Yuji , Kojio Ken , Takahara Atsushi
Published: September 2017

Biocompatible and blood‐compatible surface modification is urgently needed for stainless steel (SUS)‐based human implant devices to avoid inflammation and biofouling. To this end, the use of polymeric surface modifiers, whose surface properties are specifically tailored, is a promising approach since this approach minimizes the impact on device's mechanical properties. However, adhesion between the device and surface modifier is relatively weak, since van der Waals forces are employed, leading to low device durability. To address this issue, this work functionalized poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)‐b‐[poly(α‐chloride‐ɛ‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)]2 (PCL‐b‐(PCL‐Cl‐b‐PMPC)2) with catechol groups via a nucleophilic substitution, whereby the catechol functionalization was optimized. The resultant surface modifier showed strong adhesion toward SUS surfaces, forming a smooth and uniform hydrophilic polymeric film that reduced SUS fouling (i.e., protein). Notably, no significant changes of adhesion between the SUS and thin films (thin film) were observed after immersion for 45 days in a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 38–49
Hydrophilic domain structure in polymer exchange membranes: Simulations of NMR spin diffusion experiments to address ability for model discrimination
Authors: Sorte Eric G. , Abbott Lauren J. , Frischknecht Amalie L. , Wilson Mark A. , Alam Todd M.
Published: September 2017

We detail the development of a flexible simulation program (NMR_DIFFSIM) that solves the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin diffusion equation for arbitrary polymer architectures. The program was used to explore the proton (1H) NMR spin diffusion behavior predicted for a range of geometrical models describing polymer exchange membranes. These results were also directly compared with the NMR spin diffusion behavior predicted for more complex domain structures obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The numerical implementation and capabilities of NMR_DIFFSIM were demonstrated by evaluating the experimental NMR spin diffusion behavior for the hydrophilic domain structure in sulfonated Diels‐Alder Poly(Phenylene) (SDAPP) polymer membranes. The impact of morphology variations as a function of sulfonation and hydration level on the resulting NMR spin diffusion behavior were determined. These simulations allowed us to critically address the ability of NMR spin diffusion to discriminate between different structural models, and to highlight the extremely high fidelity experimental data required to accomplish this. A direct comparison of experimental double‐quantum‐filtered 1H NMR spin diffusion in SDAPP membranes to the spin diffusion behavior predicted for MD‐proposed morphologies revealed excellent agreement, providing experimental support for the MD structures at low to moderate hydration levels. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 62–78
Perceived influence of psychological consultation on psychological well‐being, body image, and intimacy following bilateral prophylactic mastectomy: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Glassey Rachael , Hardcastle Sarah J. , O'Connor Moira , Ives Angela ,   kConFab Investigators, Saunders Christobel
Published: September 2017

Objective

This study explored whether psychological consultation offered to women prior to bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) appeared to provide psychosocial benefit to younger women (<35 years) at high risk of developing breast cancer due to a mutation or family history.

Methods

Qualitative interviews guided by interpretative phenomenological analysis were conducted retrospectively with 26 women who had undergone BPM. Participants were recruited from New Zealand and Australia, via a genetics clinic, registry, research cohort, and online.

Results

Three themes were identified: psychological well‐being and adjustment, satisfaction with intimacy, and body image. Participants that had seen a psychologist reported being more prepared for BPM and appeared to adjust positively post‐surgery. They appeared to have improved psychological well‐being, reported satisfaction with intimacy, and a more positive body image, compared with those who had no support.

Conclusions

Women who undergo psychological consultation prior to BPM appear to adjust positively after surgery. Implications for practice include standard psychological consultation for younger women (>35 years) considering BPM.
Selective Insulation of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Dunn Gabriel , Shen Konlin , Barzegar Hamid Reza , Shi Wu , Belling Jason N. , Nguyen Tran N. H. , Barkovich Emil , Chism Kyle , Maharbiz Michel M. , DeWeese Michael R. , Zettl Alex
Published: September 2017

We demonstrate a method for the selective encapsulation of carbon nanotubes in thin parylene films using iron as a sacrificial lift‐off layer. The iron serves as an inhibitor of parylene deposition and prevents the parylene molecules from linking, thus facilitating selective area coating after lift‐off.
Classical and Bayesian inference on progressive‐stress accelerated life testing for the extension of the exponential distribution under progressive type‐II censoring
Authors: Mohie El‐Din M.M. , Abu‐Youssef S.E. , Ali Nahid S.A. , Abd El‐Raheem A.M.
Published: September 2017

In this paper, a progressive‐stress accelerated life test under progressive type‐II censoring is considered. The cumulative exposure model is assumed when the lifetime of test units follows an extension of the exponential distribution. The maximum likelihood and Bayes estimates of the model parameters are obtained. The approximate and credible confidence intervals of the estimators are derived. Furthermore, a real lifetime data set is analyzed to illustrate the proposed procedures. Finally, the simulation studies are used to compare between 2 different designs of the progressive‐stress test (simple and multiple ramp‐stress tests).
Improved adaptive fault‐tolerant control design for hypersonic vehicle based on interval type‐2 T‐S model
Authors: Chen Fuyang , Hu Longze , Wen Changyun
Published: September 2017

This study proposes an improved adaptive fault estimation and accommodation algorithm for a hypersonic flight vehicle that uses an interval type‐2 Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy model and a quantum switching module. First, an interval type‐2 Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy model for the hypersonic flight vehicle system with elevator faults is developed to process the nonlinearity and parameter uncertainties. An improved adaptive fault estimation algorithm is then constructed by adding an adjustable parameter. The quantum switching module is also applied to the estimation part to select an appropriate algorithm in different fault cases. The estimation results from the given fuzzy observer are used to design a type‐2 fuzzy fault accommodation controller to stabilize the fuzzy system. The stability of the proposed scheme is analyzed using the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the validity and availability of the method are verified by a series of comparisons on numerical simulation results.
Strategies for Discovering Scientific Systems Principles
Authors: Rousseau David
Published: September 2017

The development of a general theory of systems has been impeded by lack of progress with identifying and refining scientific general systems principles that could underpin the systematic discovery of systems laws and development of predictive systems theories. This paper discusses a model of the nature, roles and developmental pathways of principles in science generally and by analogy suggests ways in which scientific systems principles might be identified and leveraged by systems science. Eight strategies for such research are identified, and preliminary results of a first pilot project are presented. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the Fluid‐Dynamic Structure on the Mixing Time of a Ladle Furnace
Authors: González‐Bernal Renato , Solorio‐Diaz Gildardo , Ramos‐Banderas Angel , Torres‐Alonso Enrique , Hernández‐Bocanegra Constantin A. , Zenit Roberto
Published: September 2017

This work shows the analysis of the fluid‐structure over the mixing time in a ladle furnace. A 1/7 scale acrylic model is constructed from a 135 t ladle, the injection configuration, and the gas flow injected at the bottom of the model are varied. The techniques applied for this study are Colorimetry, Conductimetry (KCl), and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The results indicate that the number, size, and location of the recirculations in the bulk of the fluid have a noteworthy effect on the mixing time of the ladle. The results show that, for configurations involving one gas injection, the increase in gas flow rate does not diminish the degree of homogenization in the analyzed ladle, which is contrary to the logic regarding the energy state of the system. This is explained by taking into account the fluid dynamics structure obtained for the corresponding cases of study.