bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porphyrin-based metal–organic frameworks for photo(electro)catalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Ding Guixiang , Li Chunxue , Chen Lihui , Liao Guangfu
Published: June 2024

The panorama of the latest developments of the emerging porphyrin-based MOFs for photo(electro)catalytic CO2 reduction is shown.
Insights into chemical components, health-promoting effects, and processing impact of golden chanterelle mushroom Cantharellus cibarius
Authors: Chen Xinlei , Xu Baojun
Published: June 2024

Cantharellus cibarius (CC) is a edible mushroom with significant commercial potential due to its diverse components and bioactive functions.
Ultrafine Pd3Pb intermetallic nanowires with Mott–Schottky effect achieve a complete oxidation pathway for methanol oxidation catalysis
Authors: Zhou Shuanglong , Wang Zuochao , Zhang Mo , Mou Xiaoming , Dai Yu , Wang Lei , Lai Jianping
Published: June 2024

Pd3Pb IM/MNC with high-density active sites that could simultaneously regulate the adsorption of *OH and *CO shows high power density (225.5 mW cm−2) and high stability (31.9% attenuation for 10 hours) in a DMFC.
Multivalent inhibition of the Aspergillus fumigatus KDNase
Authors: Scalabrini Mathieu , Loquet Denis , Rochard Camille , Baudin Marie Mélyne , Assailly Coralie , Brissonnet Yoan , Daligault Franck , Saumonneau Amélie , Lambert Annie , Grandjean Cyrille , Deniaud David , Lottin Paul , Pascual Sagrario , Fontaine Laurent , Balloy Viviane , Gouin Sébastien G.
Published: June 2024

A synthetic polymer of KDN sugar inhibits the AfKDNAse enzyme from the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and decreases its filamentation.
Ultrasound-assisted diastereoselective green synthesis of spiro-fused-γ-lactams functionalized with an amide bond heterocyclic bioisostere via the Ugi azide/domino process coupled strategy
Authors: Calderón-Rangel David , Rentería-Gómez Ángel , Cruz-Jiménez Alicia E. , Rentería Gómez Manuel A. , Jiménez-Halla J. Oscar C. , Gámez-Montaño Rocío
Published: June 2024

A series of linked-type 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles (1,5-DS-Ts) were synthesised via IMCR and employed as synthetic platforms to access bound-type polyheterocycles. The sonochemical strategy include a double domino process under green conditions.
1,6-Conjugate addition of in situ generated aryldiazenes to p-quinone methides
Authors: Mamale Ajay G. , Paul Sayantan , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Bhattacharya Asish K.
Published: June 2024

Herein we report a transition-metal free, base-mediated 1,6-conjugate addition of aryldiazenes to para-quinone methides (p-QMs).
SnCl2-catalyzed multicomponent coupling: synthesis of 1,3-oxazolidine derivatives using paraformaldehyde as a C1 feedstock
Authors: Nayak Mukesh Kumar , Chakraborty Swati , Mohanty Anuradha , Roy Sujit
Published: June 2024

Base- and additive-free synthesis of 1,3-oxazolidine derivatives has been achieved in a straightforward manner with low catalyst loading using paraformaldehyde as a C1 platform chemical.
Building-block approach to discrete and sequence-specific oligosiloxanes
Authors: Kawatsu Takahiro , Minamikawa Hiroyuki , Sato Kazuhiko , Matsumoto Kazuhiro
Published: June 2024

Four 26-mers with molecular weights of 3431.78 with different sequences (AB, AABB, AAABBB, and AAAABBBB) are precisely synthesized on a gram scale.
Multi-heteroatom doped nanographenes: enhancing photosensitization capacity by forming an electron donor–acceptor architecture
Authors: Li Ranran , Ma Bin , Li Meng , Wang Dan , Liu Peng , An Peng
Published: June 2024

A series of multi-heteroatom-doped nanographenes possessing a donor–acceptor architecture were reported.
Leveraging a reduced polyoxomolybdate-alkoxide cluster for the formation of a stable U(v) sandwich complex
Authors: Shiels Dominic , Brennessel William W. , Crawley Matthew R. , Matson Ellen M.
Published: June 2024

Actinide doping enhances redox chemistry of polyoxomolybdate-alkoxide clusters; the first isolable U(v) polyoxometalate cluster is reported.
Sustainable syngas generation from methane: enhanced catalysis with metal-promoted nickel on silica–alumina composites
Authors: Al-Fatesh Ahmed S. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Bayazed Mohammed O. , Abasaeed Ahmed E. , Alrashed Maher M. , Alotibi Mohammed F. , Fakeeha Anis H. , Osman Ahmed I.
Published: June 2024

To combat climate change and its association with emissions from fossil fuels, scientists are investigating sustainable substitutes.
HR 10 as seen by CHEOPS and TESS
Authors: Salmon S. J. A. J. , Van Grootel V. , Sulis S. , Szabó Gy. M. , Brandeker A. , Broeg C. , Ehrenreich D. , Hoyer S. , Sousa S. G. , Kiefer F. , Gandolfi D. , Nardiello D. , Charpinet S. , Bonfanti A. , Wilson T. G. , Alibert Y. , Alonso R. , Anglada G. , Bárczy T. , Barrado Navascues D. , Barros S. C. C. , Baumjohann W. , Beck M. , Beck T. , Benz W. , Billot N. , Bonfils X. , Borsato L. , Cabrera J. , Cessa V. , Charnoz S. , Collier Cameron A. , Corral van Damme C. , Csizmadia Sz. , Cubillos P. E. , Davies M. B. , Deleuil M. , Delrez L. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Demory B.-O. , Erikson A. , Fortier A. , Fossati L. , Fridlund M. , Gillon M. , Güdel M. , Hasiba J. , Isaak K. G. , Kiss L. L. , Laskar J. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , Lendl M. , Lovis C. , Magrin D. , Maxted P. F. L. , Mordasini C. , Nascimbeni V. , Olofsson G. , Ottensamer R. , Pagano I. , Pallé E. , Peter G. , Piotto G. , Pollacco D. , Queloz D. , Ragazzoni R. , Rando N. , Rauer H. , Ribas I. , Santos N. C. , Scandariato G. , Ségransan D. , Simon A. E. , Smith A. M. S. , Steller M. , Thomas N. , Udry S. , Venturini J. , Viotto V. , Walter I. , Walton N. A.
Published: June 2024

Context. HR 10 has only recently been identified as a binary system. Previously thought to be an A-type shell star, it appears that both components are fast-rotating A-type stars, each presenting a circumstellar envelope. Although showing complex photometric variability, spectroscopic observations of the metallic absorption lines reveal variation explained by the binarity, but not indicative of debris-disc inhomogeneities or sublimating exocomets. On the other hand, the properties of the two stars make them potential δ Scuti pulsators.

Aims. The system has been observed in two sectors by the TESS satellite, and was the target of three observing visits by CHEOPS. Thanks to these new data, we aim to further characterise the stellar properties of the two components. In particular, we aim to decipher the extent to which the photometric variability can be attributed to a stellar origin. In complement, we searched in the lightcurves for transient-type events that could reveal debris discs or exocomets.

Methods. We analysed the photometric variability of both the TESS and CHEOPS datasets in detail. We first performed a frequency analysis to identify and list all the periodic signals that may be related to stellar oscillations or surface variability. The signals identified as resulting from the stellar variability were then removed from the lightcurves in order to search for transient events in the residuals.

Results. We report the detection of δ Scuti pulsations in both the TESS and CHEOPS data, but we cannot definitively identify which of the components is the pulsating star. In both datasets, we find flicker noise with the characteristics of a stellar granulation signal. However, it remains difficult to firmly attribute it to actual stellar granulation from convection, given the very thin surface convective zones predicted for both stars. Finally, we report probable detection of transient events in the CHEOPS data, without clear evidence of their origin.
A sample of 554 white dwarfs showing infrared excess from Gaia EDR3 and CatWISE catalogs
Authors: Favieres Cristina Madurga , Kissler-Patig Markus , Xu Siyi , Bonsor Amy
Published: June 2024

Context. White dwarfs (WDs) are generally intrinsically faint in the infrared (IR). Excess emission in the infrared results from low-mass companions or dusty material, potentially linked to the on-going accretion of planetary material.

Aims. This work presents a new catalog of white dwarfs with (candidate) infrared excess.

Methods. The final sample comes from a cross-match between the Gaia Early Data Release (EDR3) white dwarf candidates, and the CatWISE catalog, with candidate infrared excesses determined considering both magnitude and color excess. A magnitude excess is found to be more reliable than a color excess.

Results. The final catalog contains 554 infrared excess candidates (446 are presented for the first time here) from 41 020 white-dwarf candidates with a Gaia magnitude of G < 18.5 mag. Our infrared excess candidate sample extends to a white-dwarf temperature range of 4500–98 000 K and a white-dwarf mass range of 0.1–1.2 M⊙. We caution that these objects should be treated as infrared excess candidates until confirmed with other methods.

Conclusions. We present a three-fold increase in the sample of white dwarfs known to have infrared excesses. Among the sample applications is the study of the accretion of planetary material by white dwarfs and the identification of new white-dwarf-brown-dwarf pairs.
Runaway BN supergiant star HD 93840: Progenitor of an imminent core-collapse supernova above the Galactic plane
Authors: Weßmayer D. , Urbaneja M. A. , Butler K. , Przybilla N.
Published: June 2024

We present a quantitative spectral analysis of the extreme nitrogen-enhanced supergiant HD 93840 (BN1 Ib) at an intermediate galactic latitude. Based on an optical high-resolution spectrum and complementary ultraviolet and infrared (spectro-)photometry, in addition to Gaia data, we carried out a full characterisation of the star’s properties. We used both hydrostatic and unified (photosphere+wind) model atmospheres that account for deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium. A highly unusual surface CNO-mixing signature and a marked stellar overluminosity compared to the mass imply a binary channel for the star’s past evolution. The kinematics shows that it has reached its current position above the Galactic plane as a runaway star, likely ejected by the supernova explosion of its former companion star. Its current bulk composition, with a notably increased mean molecular weight due to core He- and progressed shell H-burning, suggests an advanced evolutionary stage. It is poised to yield a rare core-collapse supernova of a blue supergiant about ten OB star population scale heights above the Galactic disk relatively soon, contributing to the metal enrichment of the circumgalactic medium.
Properties of sunspot light bridges on a geometric height scale
Authors: Esteban Pozuelo S. , Asensio Ramos A. , Díaz Baso C. J. , Ruiz Cobo B.
Published: June 2024

Context. Investigating light bridges (LBs) helps us comprehend key aspects of sunspots. However, few studies have analyzed the properties of LBs in terms of the geometric height, which is a more realistic perspective given the corrugation of the solar atmosphere.

Aims. We aim to shed light on LBs by studying the variation in their physical properties with geometric height.

Methods. We used the SICON code to infer the physical quantities in terms of the optical depth and the Wilson depression values of three LBs hosted by a sunspot observed with Hinode/SP in the Fe I 630 nm pair lines. We also used SIR inversions to cross-check the height variation of the field inclination in the LBs. In both output sets, we performed linear interpolation to convert the physical parameters from optical depth into a geometric height scale in each pixel.

Results. Depending on their general appearance, we classified each LB as filamentary, grainy, or umbral. They appear as ridges that reach different maximum heights, with the umbral LB being the deepest. While the filamentary LB hosts a plasma inflow from the penumbra, the results for the grainy LB are compatible with an injection of hot plasma through convective cells of reduced field strength. Only a few positions reveal hints suggesting a cusp-like magnetic canopy. Moreover, strong gradients in the magnetic field strength and inclination usually exhibit enhanced electric currents, with the filamentary LB having remarkably strong currents that appear to be related to chromospheric events.

Conclusions. The height stratification in filamentary and grainy LBs differ, indicating diverse mechanisms at work. Our results are in general incompatible with a magnetic canopy scenario, and further analysis is needed to confirm whether it exists along the entire LB or only at specific locations. Furthermore, this work assesses the usefulness of the SICON code when determining the height stratification of solar structures.
Evolution of BD-14 3065b (TOI-4987b) from giant planet to brown dwarf as possible evidence of deuterium burning at old stellar ages
Authors: Šubjak Ján , Latham David W. , Quinn Samuel N. , Berlind Perry , Calkins Michael L. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Brahm Rafael , Caballero José A. , Collins Karen A. , Guenther Eike , Janík Jan , Kabáth Petr , Schwarz Richard P. , Tan Thiam-Guan , Vanzi Leonardo , Zambelli Roberto , Ziegler Carl , Jenkins Jon M. , Mireles Ismael , Seager Sara , Shporer Avi , Striegel Stephanie , Winn Joshua N.
Published: June 2024

The present study confirms BD-14 3065b as a transiting planet-brown dwarf in a triple-star system, with a mass near the deuterium-burning boundary. BD-14 3065b has the largest radius observed within the sample of giant planets and brown dwarfs around post-main sequence stars. Its orbital period is 4.3 days and it transits a subgiant F-type star with a mass of M* = 1.41 ± 0.05 M⊙, a radius of R* = 2.35 ± 0.08 R⊙, an effective temperature of Teff = 6935 ± 90 K, and a metallicity of −0.34 ± 0.05 dex. By combining TESS photometry with high-resolution spectra acquired with the TRES and Pucheros+ spectrographs, we measured a mass of M⊙ = 12.37 ± 0.92 MJup and a radius of Rp = 1.926 ± 0.094 RJup. Our discussion of potential processes that could be responsible for the inflated radius led us to conclude that deuterium burning is a plausible explanation for the heating taking place in BD-14 3065b’s interior. Detections of the secondary eclipse with TESS photometry enabled a precise determination of the eccentricity, ep = 0.066 ± 0.011, and reveal that BD-14 3065b has a brightness temperature of 3520 ± 130 K. With its unique characteristics, BD-14 3065b presents an excellent opportunity to study its atmosphere via thermal emission spectroscopy.
LIME: A LIne MEasuring library for large and complex spectroscopic data sets
Authors: Fernández V. , Amorín R. , Firpo V. , Morisset C.
Published: June 2024

Context. The upcoming generation of telescopes, instruments, and surveys is poised to usher in an unprecedented “Big Data” era in the field of astronomy. Within this context, even seemingly modest tasks such as spectral line analyses could become increasingly challenging for astronomers.

Aims. In this paper, we announce the release of LIME. This package is tailored for multidisciplinary observations with long-slit and integral field spectroscopy (IFS) support. LIME functions encompass the reading of observational files, detecting lines, conditioned line fitting, and the plotting and storage of results. Most importantly, these measurements are structured to support the subsequent chemical and kinematic analyses.

Methods. To reduce the coding effort required from users, we introduced a notation system for atomic transitions that is accessible to humans and machine-readable. Along with this system, we present an extensive database of line bands, spanning from the ultraviolet to the infrared wavelength range. Additionally, we propose a model designed to train machine learning algorithms in line detection. LIME features a comprehensive online documentation, which details the command attributes and includes several tutorials. These tutorials range from measuring a single line to analyzing an entire IFS data cube.

Results. This library functions and measurements are showcased in an online virtual observatory. The data in this interactive website come from the JWST NIRSpec observations of the CEERs survey. In this regard, LIME offers improvements related to the dissemination and accessibility of astronomical spectra.
The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey
Authors: McCall Hannah , Reiprich Thomas H. , Veronica Angie , Pacaud Florian , Sanders Jeremy , Edler Henrik W. , Brüggen Marcus , Bulbul Esra , de Gasperin Francesco , Gatuzz Efrain , Liu Ang , Merloni Andrea , Migkas Konstantinos , Zhang Xiaoyuan
Published: June 2024

Context. As the closest galaxy cluster, the Virgo Cluster is an exemplary environment for the study of the large-scale filamentary structure and physical effects that are present in cluster outskirts but absent from the more easily studied inner regions.

Aims. Here, we present an analysis of the SRG/eROSITA data from five all-sky surveys.

Methods. eROSITA allows us to resolve the entire Virgo cluster and its outskirts on scales between 1 kpc and 3 Mpc, covering a total area on the sky of about 25° by 25°. We utilized image manipulation techniques and surface brightness profiles to search for extended emission, surface brightness edges, and features in the outskirts. We employed a method of comparing mean and median profiles to measure gas clumping out to and beyond the virial radius.

Results. Surface brightness analysis of the cluster and individual sectors of the cluster reveal the full extent of previously identified cold fronts to the north and south. The emissivity bias due to gas clumping, which we quantify over three orders of magnitude in the radial range, is found to be mild, consistent with previous findings. We find uniform clumping measurements in all directions, with no enhancements along candidate filaments. We find an estimated virial gas mass of Mgas, r < r200 = (1.98 ± 0.70)×1013 M⊙. Through imaging analysis we detect the presence of extended emission spanning 320 kpc to the southwest of M49. The extension has a significance of 3.15σ and is coincident with radio emission detected with LOFAR, which could be evidence of an accretion shock or turbulent reacceleration as the M49 group or background W′ cloud falls into the cluster and interacts with the intracluster medium.
Validation of EUHFORIA cone and spheromak coronal mass ejection models
Authors: Rodriguez L. , Shukhobodskaia D. , Niemela A. , Maharana A. , Samara E. , Verbeke C. , Magdalenic J. , Vansintjan R. , Mierla M. , Scolini C. , Sarkar R. , Kilpua E. , Asvestari E. , Herbst K. , Lapenta G. , Chaduteau A. D. , Pomoell J. , Poedts S.
Published: June 2024

Aims.We present validation results for calculations of arrival times and geomagnetic impact of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) using the cone and spheromak CME models implemented in EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA). Validating numerical models is crucial for ensuring their accuracy and performance with respect to real data.

Methods.We compared CME plasma and magnetic field signatures measured in situ by satellites at the L1 point with the simulation output of EUHFORIA. The validation of this model was carried out using two datasets in order to ensure a comprehensive evaluation. The first dataset focuses on 16 CMEs that arrived at Earth, offering specific insights into the model’s accuracy in predicting arrival time and geomagnetic impact. Meanwhile, the second dataset encompasses all CMEs observed over eight months within Solar Cycle 24, regardless of whether or not they arrived at Earth, covering periods of both solar minimum and maximum activity. This second dataset enables a more comprehensive evaluation of the model’s predictive precision in term of CME arrivals and misses.

Results.Our results show that EUHFORIA provides good estimates in terms of arrival times, with root mean square error (RMSE) values of 9 hours. Regarding the number of correctly predicted ICME arrivals and misses, we find a 75% probability of detection in a 12 hour time window and 100% probability of detection in a 24 hour time window. The geomagnetic impact forecasts measured by theKpindex provide different degrees of accuracy ranging from 31% to 69%. These results validate the use of cone and spheromak CMEs for real-time space weather forecasting.
KMT-2023-BLG-1866Lb: Microlensing super-Earth around an M dwarf host
Authors: Han Cheongho , Bond Ian A. , Udalski Andrzej , Lee Chung-Uk , Gould Andrew , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shvartzvald Yossi , Shin In-Gu , Yee Jennifer C. , Yang Hongjing , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Doeon , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Abe Fumio , Bando Ken , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Fujii Hirosame , Fukui Akihiko , Hamada Ryusei , Hamada Shunya , Hamasaki Naoto , Hirao Yuki , Ishitani Silva Stela , Itow Yoshitaka , Kirikawa Rintaro , Koshimoto Naoki , Matsubara Yutaka , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Nagai Tutumi , Nunota Kansuke , Olmschenk Greg , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Satoh Yuki , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tomoyoshi Mio , Tristram Paul J. , Vandorou Aikaterini , Yama Hibiki , Yamashita Kansuke , Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radosław , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz , Mróz Mateusz J.
Published: June 2024

Aims. We aim to investigate the nature of the short-term anomaly that appears in the lensing light curve of KMT-2023-BLG-1866. The anomaly was only partly covered due to its short duration of less than a day, coupled with cloudy weather conditions and a restricted nighttime duration.

Methods. Considering the intricacy of interpreting partially covered signals, we thoroughly explored all potential degenerate solutions. Through this process, we identified three planetary scenarios that account for the observed anomaly equally well. These scenarios are characterized by the specific planetary parameters: (s, q)inner = [0.9740 ± 0.0083, (2.46 ± 1.07) × 10−5], (s, q)intermediate = [0.9779 ± 0.0017, (1.56 ± 0.25) × 10−5], and (s, q)outer = [0.9894 ± 0.0107, (2.31 ± 1.29) × 10−5], where s and q denote the projected separation (scaled to the Einstein radius) and mass ratio between the planet and its host, respectively. We identify that the ambiguity between the inner and outer solutions stems from the inner-outer degeneracy, while the similarity between the intermediate solution and the others is due to an accidental degeneracy caused by incomplete anomaly coverage.

Results. Through Bayesian analysis utilizing the constraints derived from measured lensing observables and blending flux, our estimation indicates that the lens system comprises a very-low-mass planet orbiting an early M-type star situated approximately (6.2–6.5) kpc from Earth in terms of median posterior values for the different solutions. The median mass of the planet host is in the range of (0.48–0.51) M⊙, and that of the planet’s mass spans a range of (2.6–4.0) ME, varying across different solutions. The detection of KMT-2023-BLG-1866Lb signifies the extension of the lensing surveys to very-low-mass planets that have been difficult to detect in earlier surveys.
JWST/NIRSpec and MIRI observations of an expanding, jet-driven bubble of warm H2 in the radio galaxy 3C 326 N
Authors: Leftley J. H. , Nesvadba N. P. H. , Bicknell G. V. , Janssen R. M. J. , Mukherjee D. , Petrov R. , Shende M. B. , Zovaro H. R. M.
Published: June 2024

The physical link between AGN activity and the suppression of star formation in their host galaxies is one of the major open questions of the AGN feedback scenario. The Spitzer space mission revealed a subset of powerful nearby radio galaxies with unusually bright line emission from warm (T ≥ 100 K) molecular hydrogen, while typical star-formation tracers such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or a dust continuum have been exceptionally faint or undetected. Here, we present JWST NIRSpec and MIRI MRS IFU observations of one of the best studied galaxies of this class, 3C 326 N at z = 0.09. We identified a total of 19 lines of the S, O, and Q series of ro-vibrational H2 emission with NIRSpec at a 0.11″ spatial resolution, probing a small quantity (1.4 × 104 M⊙) of gas at temperatures of T ∼ 1000 K. We also mapped the rotational mid-infrared lines of H2 0–0 S(3), S(5), and S(6) at a spatial resolution of 0.4″ with MIRI/MRS, probing most of the 2 × 109 M⊙ of warm H2 in this galaxy. The CO band heads show a stellar component consistent with a ‘slow-rotator’ that is typical of a massive (3 × 1011 M⊙) galaxy, offering a reliable systemic redshift of z = 0.08979 ± 0.0003. The extended line emission shows a bipolar bubble expanding through the molecular disk at velocities of up to 380 km s−1, delineated by several bright clumps along the northern outer rim, potentially coming from gas fragmentation. Throughout the disk, H2 is very broadly dispersed, with an FWHM of ∼100 − 1300 km s−1 and complex, dual-component Gaussian line profiles. The extended [FeII]λ1.644 and Paα follow the same morphology, however, [NeIII]λ15.56 is more symmetric about the nucleus. We show that most of the gas (with the exception of [NeIII]λ15.56) is predominantly heated by shocks driven by the radio jets into the gas, both for the ro-vibrational and rotational H2 lines. In addition, the accompanying line broadening is sufficient to suppress star formation in the molecular gas. We also compared the morphology and kinematics of the rotational and ro-vibrational lines, finding the latter to be a good proxy to the global morphology and kinematic properties of the former in strongly turbulent environments. This demonstrates the potential of using the higher frequency ro-vibrational lines in studying turbulent molecular gas. Provided they are bright enough, they would allow us to examine turbulence in galaxies during the early phases of cosmic history, while most rotational lines are red-shifted out of the MIRI bandpass for z ≥ 1.5.
Four microlensing giant planets detected through signals produced by minor-image perturbations
Authors: Han Cheongho , Bond Ian A. , Lee Chung-Uk , Gould Andrew , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shvartzvald Yossi , Shin In-Gu , Yee Jennifer C. , Yang Hongjing , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Doeon , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Abe Fumio , Bando Ken , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Fujii Hirosame , Fukui Akihiko , Hamada Ryusei , Hamada Shunya , Hamasaki Naoto , Hirao Yuki , Ishitani Silva Stela , Itow Yoshitaka , Kirikawa Rintaro , Koshimoto Naoki , Matsubara Yutaka , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Nagai Tutumi , Nunota Kansuke , Olmschenk Greg , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Satoh Yuki , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tomoyoshi Mio , Tristram Paul J. , Vandorou Aikaterini , Yama Hibiki , Yamashita Kansuke , Bachelet Etienne , Rota Paolo , Bozza Valerio , Zielinski Paweł , Street Rachel A. , Tsapras Yiannis , Hundertmark Markus , Wambsganss Joachim , Wyrzykowski Łukasz , Figuera Jaimes Roberto , Cassan Arnaud , Dominik Martin , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Rabus Markus
Published: June 2024

Aims. We investigated the nature of the anomalies appearing in four microlensing events KMT-2020-BLG-0757, KMT-2022-BLG-0732, KMT-2022-BLG-1787, and KMT-2022-BLG-1852. The light curves of these events commonly exhibit initial bumps followed by subsequent troughs that extend across a substantial portion of the light curves.

Methods. We performed thorough modeling of the anomalies to elucidate their characteristics. Despite their prolonged durations, which differ from the usual brief anomalies observed in typical planetary events, our analysis revealed that each anomaly in these events originated from a planetary companion located within the Einstein ring of the primary star. It was found that the initial bump arouse when the source star crossed one of the planetary caustics, while the subsequent trough feature occurred as the source traversed the region of minor image perturbations lying between the pair of planetary caustics.

Results. The estimated masses of the host and planet, their mass ratios, and the distance to the discovered planetary systems are (Mhost/M⊙, Mplanet/MJ, q/10−3, DL/kpc) = (0.58−0.30+0.33, 10.71−5.61+6.17, 17.61 ± 2.25, 6.67−1.30+0.93) for KMT-2020-BLG-0757, (0.53−0.31+0.31, 1.12−0.65+0.65, 2.01 ± 0.07, 6.66−1.84+1.19) for KMT-2022-BLG-0732, (0.42−0.23+0.32, 6.64−3.64+4.98, 15.07 ± 0.86, 7.55−1.30+0.89) for KMT-2022-BLG-1787, and (0.32−0.19+0.34, 4.98−2.94+5.42, 8.74 ± 0.49, 6.27−1.15+0.90) for KMT-2022-BLG-1852. These parameters indicate that all the planets are giants with masses exceeding the mass of Jupiter in our solar system and the hosts are low-mass stars with masses substantially less massive than the Sun.
Natural cycles in the Northern Baikal region
Authors: Ananina Tatiana , Ananin Alexander , Ovdin Mikhail , Kozulin Vadim
Published: June 2024

The authors of the article present the results of an analysis of the cyclicity of long-term numerical series of meteorological parameters (average annual air temperature, total annual precipitation) and six longterm numerical series of short-lived animal species from different taxonomic groups: ground beetles, small rodents and passerine birds living in similar biotopes of the low-mountain part of Barguzinsky ridge (territory of the Barguzin State Natural Biosphere Reserve). The cyclic components of long-term observation series lasting 33-67 years were studied by Fourier spectral analysis. Periodograms and cyclic sequences of model species coincide in most cases. In all species, high-frequency 2-3 year cycles predominate, while mid-frequency 4-8 year and low-frequency 9-19 year cycles are of secondary importance. Statistically significant correlations between cyclicity in the long-term abundance series of model animal species and the cyclicity of annual precipitation and average annual temperature have been identified. Reliable correlations between the cyclicity of Wolf numbers and the cyclicality of meteorological parameters
are shown. Solar activity has an indirect effect on the cyclicity of natural processes in the Northern Baikal region.
Formation of pollen of different quality in some fruit trees under the influence of technogenic pollution
Authors: Yodgorova D. , Kamalova M. , Atabaeva N. , Alikarieva D. , Isxakova Sh. , Khudayorova S. , Atamuratova N.
Published: June 2024

This article focuses on investigating the impact of anthropogenic factors on fruit-bearing trees - specifically, apple, cherry, apricot, walnut, and quince - in urban environments. The study delves into the influence of technogenic pollution on these plant species, conducting an ecological comparison of heavy metal accumulation in plants situated in both polluted and relatively dusty environments. Through a comprehensive analysis of scientific data, the article provides valuable insights for biomonitoring and environmental protection. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate interactions between urbanizationinduced pollution and plant life, offering crucial information that can inform measures for safeguarding the environment. The work represents a significant advancement in the realm of environmental science, shedding light on the ecological implications of human activities on the plant kingdom within urban landscapes.
Analysis of the dynamics of agricultural lands of the Republic of Tyva using satellite images
Authors: Sambuu Anna , Golubyatnikov Leonid
Published: June 2024

The analysis of the dynamics of agricultural lands of the Republic of Tyva (Russia) is carried out. Satellite images from the Landsat-8 spacecraft for the summer period 1987–2021 were used to analyze the spatial distribution of ecosystems on the territory of intermountain basins. Digital land use maps reflect the current situation and contain information about arable land, deposits of different ages, pastures. To determine the age of the deposit, field materials were used, which made it possible to identify the composition of vegetation, varying depending on the age of the deposit, which was reflected in the images. For the first time in the post-Soviet period, a comprehensive analysis of data obtained on the basis of reconnaissance and field work, land use maps using digital technologies was carried out, which allowed us to reveal the current use of more than 30% of arable land, deposits of different ages make up 17–37% of steppe territories, most of the agricultural land is pastures. The interpretation of satellite images made it possible to draw up a map-scheme of the distribution of ecosystems on the territory of the basins. Steppe vegetation is restored on abandoned arable lands. In many fallow areas, bushes of Caragana bungei Ledeb. grow. The processes of desertification and salinization are observed in the territory under consideration.
Possibilities of land management support for protecting the natural environment during economic use of northern territories
Authors: Papaskiri Timur , Lipski Stanislav , Emelyanova Tamara , Fatkulina Anna , Shevchuk Artem
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes modern problems of the Arctic zones of the Russian Federation. The characteristics of human economic activity in the northern regions are given. It is shown that the anthropogenic load on the unique nature of the North increases every year. The climatic features of the northern regions, which limit the possibilities of agriculture, are characterized. The main directions for improving reindeer husbandry and organizing the use of reindeer pastures have been developed. It is proposed to grow crops in vertical farms. It has been shown that vertical farms can improve the environmental sustainability of territories and ensure food security.
Determination of the mechanisms of resistance of Helianthus annuus L. to drought using the osmopriming method
Authors: Nazarova Natalya , Fedorova Daria , Gvozdikova Anastasia
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to assess the physiological and antioxidant parameters of sunflower seedlings under osmopriming. Two series of experiments were carried out aimed at: 1) establishing the viability of seeds; 2) assessment of physiological parameters of seedlings. Each experiment included a group of control samples grown under conditions of sufficient moisture and four impact groups exposed to varying levels of osmotic stress. The intensity of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and the rate of accumulation of reactive oxygen species were determined based on the reaction of malondialdehyde with thiobarbituric acid. Catalase activity was determined photocolorometrically by the interaction of hydrogen peroxide with potassium iodide, the content of chlorophylls a (Cl a) and b (Cl b), carotenoids (Car) - spectrophotometrically in an acetone extract. It has been established that as a result of increasing moisture deficiency, the energy of seed germination decreases in proportion to the increase in the concentration of the osmotic solution. When stress increases to 3.5 atm, seed germination decreases by 29%, and to 8 atm – by 64%. A linear relationship was revealed between the inhibition of the photosynthetic system and the stress factor of moisture deficiency, expressed in a decrease in Cl a by 60% relative to the control with osmopriming of 8 atm. It has been established that a slight decrease in the moisture supply of the substrate causes oxidative stress of cells, as evidenced by a linear increase in malondialdehyde with increasing moisture deficiency. At the same time, antioxidant protection is provided by the enzyme catalase, the concentration of which increases with increasing drought, while low-molecular carotenoids have an indirect effect on the provision of protective antioxidant mechanisms - there is a trend of increasing Cl a + Cl b / Car with a decreasing Cl a / Cl b.
Study of promising types of legume raw materials for the production of fermented food products
Authors: Kim Anastasia , Balanov Petr , Smotraeva Irina
Published: June 2024

In Russia, a large number of different legumes are grown, such as soybeans, chickpeas, lentils, beans, which are a valuable source of protein. In the context of the global climate agenda and sustainable development goals, the world community has taken the vector of transforming the population’s diet towards reducing animal products and increasing the share of products based on plant materials. This paper presents the results of experiments on the fermentation of 8 types of legume raw materials, including soybeans, chickpeas, mung beans, black lentils, green lentils, red lentils, peas, to obtain a food product. An assessment was made of the swelling properties of raw materials, their appearance after swelling, and after fermentation for 24 and 48 hours. An analysis of amine nitrogen indicators before and after fermentation was also carried out. Practical recommendations for the use of the considered raw materials for the food industry are offered.
On the possibility of controlling the depth of tillage using an inertial navigation system (INS)
Authors: Podolskaya E.E. , Tarkivsky V.E. , Ivanov A.B.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses a number of theoretical aspects of the problem of continuous monitoring of the depth of soil cultivation by agricultural machine and tractor units. A method for controlling the depth of tillage is proposed, based on determining the relative position of the tractor and implement relative to each other and relative to the soil surface. Using the modeling method, the initial requirements for measurement accuracy were obtained and the possibility of using inertial navigation systems for the task at hand was substantiated.
Productivity and harvest quality of varieties and hybrid forms of grapes in the conditions of the Caspian-Caspian subprovince of the Republic of Dagestan
Authors: Feyzullaev B.A.
Published: June 2024

This article discusses issues related to the productivity and quality of grape varieties of various ecological and geographical origins collected in the ampelographic collection of the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station for Viticulture and Vegetable Growing. The object of research is 104 grape varieties. Of the 104 varieties included in the study, 22 varieties were of intraspecific hybridization of Vinis vinifera, 67 varieties of interspecific hybridization (65 of European-American, 5 of European-Asian and 3 of European-American origin), 6 varieties of Vinis vinifera as a control. The study of the biological properties of these varieties is important for identifying and using sources of valuable traits. In the group of table varieties, the highest grape yield was from interspecific hybrids: Dekabrsky -19.5 kg/bush; SV-12-304- 17.9; SV-20-365-11.2; SV-23-657-12.8; XI-36-6/100 -12.9 kg/bush. In the group of technical varieties, according to yield per bush, the following are distinguished: TSKHA-3 - 22.2 kg/bush; Pierrel -19.7 kg/bush; Bianca-13.4 kg/bush; SV-20-473 - 13.2 kg/bush; Strogozia -12.9 kg/bush; Gift of Magarach - 15.2 kg/bush; SV-12-375- 12.4 kg/bush. Among the table varieties, the interspecific hybrids SV-12-304 - 529 g, SV-20-365-330 g, SV-12-309 -315 g and Lakhedi mezesh - 313 g are distinguished by bunch weight. Of the technical varieties, by bunch weight the following varieties stood out: TSKHA-3 -322 g; Pierrel -319 g; SV-23-40 – 288 g; SV-20-473-286. The results obtained contribute to the effective use of grape genetic resources in scientific research.
Ways to increase the internal energy of seeds
Authors: Navrotskaya Lyudmila , Navrotskaya Svetlana , Belyaeva Julia , Kovalenko Natalya , Sergeeva Natalya
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the problem of creating valuable source material for breeding new varieties. Therefore, the authors consider it necessary to develop new methods to induce aberrant or recombinant variability in plants using their own hidden seed reserves. It is proposed to treat wet seeds with physical factors that mobilize forces and release energy reserves of the seeds to increase their germination, seedling growth, productivity and yield of future agricultural products. The article examines the possibility of stimulating and increasing crop yields by controlling the number of chromosomal aberrations under electrophysical influence on their seeds. To increase the water content of seeds prior to irradiation, the authors use a sinusoidal electric current. In order to increase the yield of chromosomal aberrations in the process of laser irradiation of seeds, it is necessary to carry out a preliminary water-thermal treatment (WTT) with alternating electric current (I). The authors present the research on the effect of electrophysical treatment methods on seed material, which includes the study of electrophysical properties of seeds, identification of doses, type and nature of effects that cause stimulation of growth and development of their seedlings.
Tunable capacitor arrays of coalesced resonators for dispersion control
Authors: Spanos Ioannis , Stevens Christopher John , Solymar Laszlo , Shamonina Ekaterina
Published: June 2024

In this work, the coupling and dispersion characteristics of coalesced resonators as a function of their capacitance is investigated, with the goal of developing novel ways of dispersion control. When planar resonators are coalesced and their shared side is capacitively loaded, the total coupling coefficient is positive, allowing for the propagation of forward magnetoinductive waves. By varying the capacitive load on their shared side, the sign and size of the total coupling can be controlled. This is demonstrated in an 11-element array, where the magnetoinductive wave can switch between forward and backward propagation depending on the capacitive load of the shared side. Furthermore, there is a critical value of the ratio between the capacitive loads on shared and non-shared sides, at which the coupling becomes zero, effectively cutting of wave propagation on the structure. It is shown that the structure can be tuned in two ways: maintain a constant operating frequency while tuning the coupling, or tune the operating frequency while keeping the coupling constant. At the same time, an optimisation procedure for setting up numerical simulations to match the experimental data is proposed. The simulations provided significant insight on the electric coupling's behaviour. Experimental, numerical and analytical data verify this behaviour.
Structure optimization design of gasket test rig based on response surface model
Authors: Wang Quan , Zhang Zhenyu , Chen Jiayan , Wang Lu
Published: June 2024

In order to enhance the temperature regulation response speed of the gasket test rig and reduce the hysteresis of the temperature control system, structural optimization is implemented in the hardware part of the test rig. Firstly, a multi-physical field coupling method is employed for comprehensive performance testing of high-temperature and high-pressure gaskets, establishing a heat-fluid-solid coupling simulation and analysis model based on ANSYS. Then, internal temperature distribution of the gasket test device is calculated considering initial and boundary conditions. Next, data is collected using Latin hypercube sampling method, and optimal structural parameter combinations are determined through a multi-objective optimization approach utilizing response surface method and improved genetic algorithm. Finally, collected data is further utilized with response surface method and improved genetic algorithm multi-objective optimization technique to obtain optimal structural parameter combinations for the gasket test device which are verified by heat-fluid-solid coupling simulation. The temperatures tested before and after optimization are analyzed for comparison purposes. The results demonstrate that optimized gasket test rig significantly enhances its temperature control performance.
Linearly implicit time integration scheme of Lagrangian systems via quadratization of a nonlinear kinetic energy. Application to a rotating flexible piano hammer shank
Authors: Castera Guillaume , Chabassier Juliette
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a general and practical approach for nonlinear energy quadratization based on the Euler–Lagrange formulation of the physical equations. A Scalar Auxiliary Variable -like method based on a phase formulation of the equations is applied. The proposed scheme is linearly implicit, reproduces a discrete equivalent of the power balance. It is applied to a rotating and flexible piano hammer shank. An efficient solving strategy leads to a quasi explicit algorithm which shows quadratic space/time convergence.
FDI and human capital development: a tale of two Southeast Asian economies
Authors: Ibarra-Olivo J. Eduardo , Neise Thomas , Breul Moritz , Wrana Jöran
Published: June 2024

Middle-income economies must prioritise human capital development to ensure long-term sustainable growth and economic upgrading. While foreign direct investment (FDI) is believed to aid this endeavour, its impact on technical vocational education and training (TVET) remains understudied. This research explores the influence of FDI by multinational enterprises (MNEs) at various stages of global value chains (GVCs) on TVET graduate numbers in Vietnam and Indonesia from 2006 to 2016. Our findings reveal that greenfield FDI plays a role in shaping TVET supply, with heterogeneous effects across different GVC segments and subnational regions. Specifically, FDI in logistics, sales and marketing, and support and servicing are associated with an increase in the supply of TVET graduates in the region, whereas FDI in headquarters and production may lead to a decline in technical skills. To address these dynamics, public policies should prioritise flexible education systems capable of adapting to MNEs’ evolving skill demands. By doing so, these economies can elevate local human capital levels and avoid the stagnation often associated with middle-income traps. This research underscores the importance of aligning policy with the needs of a rapidly changing global economy to foster sustainable development.
Entanglement-invertible channels
Authors: Verdon Dominic
Published: June 2024

In a well-known result [R. Werner, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34(35), 7081 (2001)], Werner classified all tight quantum teleportation and dense coding schemes, showing that they correspond to unitary error bases. Here tightness is a certain dimensional restriction: the quantum system to be teleported and the entangled resource must be of dimension d, and the measurement must have d2 outcomes. Here we generalise this classification so as to remove the dimensional restriction altogether, thereby resolving an open problem raised in that work. In fact, we classify not just teleportation and dense coding schemes, but entanglement-reversible channels. These are channels between finite-dimensional C*-algebras which are reversible with the aid of an entangled resource state, generalising ordinary reversibility of a channel. We show that such channels correspond to families of linear maps which are bi-isometric with respect to a duality defined by the resource state. In particular, in Werner’s classification, a bijective correspondence between tight teleportation and dense coding schemes was shown: swapping Alice and Bob’s operations turns a teleportation scheme into a dense coding scheme and vice versa. We observe that this property generalises ordinary invertibility of a channel; we call it entanglement-invertibility. We show that entanglement-invertible channels are precisely the quantum bijections previously studied in noncommutative topology [B. Musto et al., J. Math. Phys. 59(8), 081706 (2018)], and therefore admit a classification in terms of Wang’s quantum permutation group [S. Wang, Commun. Math. Phys. 195, 195–211 (1998)].