bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of consumers of honey and identification of honey preference in Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Selmi Selmi , Irnad Irnad , Sistanto Sistanto
Published: December 2020

As a country with a vast  natural forest,  Indonesia has a big potential production of honey.  Honey is nutritious food produced by bees that mostly inhabit in the forest.  Bengkulu is one of such place produced honey.  Honey is considered as healthy supplement by consumer. Therefore, in this research, it has been studied the segmentation of consumers of honey and identification of honey attributes.   This research was conducted in June- July 2015.  There were 96 responsents gathered from eight (8) outlets selling honey products in Kota Bengkulu.  Results showed that the consumers were young adults (67%), women (62%), married (82%), S1 education (56%), Kota Bengkulu domicile (88%) with income range of Rp 2,100,000-5,000,000/month (62%).  While the preference testing of honey products based on taste, aroma, and color had the score around  3.5- 3.7.  This meant that respondents like the honey product.
The scavenger receptor class A member 5, SCARA5, is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the scavenger receptor class A member 5, encoded by SCARA5, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to benign or transformed breast tissues. SCARA5 mRNA was present at significantly reduced quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to normal breast tissues. Down-regulation of SCARA5 may be an important event for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and irrespective of its importance, appears to be a transcriptional event generally associated with metastasis to the brain.
The role of socioeconomic and environmental factors on the number of tuberculosis cases in Indonesia
Authors: Kustanto Andi
Published: December 2020

The threat of TB continues to occur in the world. In 2018, 10 million people suffered from TB, and 1.5 million people die from this infectious disease. Referring to target 3 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) goals 03 regarding good health and well-being, by 2030, end the epidemic of AIDS, TB, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases, and other communicable diseases. Based on data from the WHO, Indonesia ranks 3rd for TB cases globally. The estimated population suffering from TB is 845,000 cases; only 68 percent of cases were found and treated in 2018. The high number of TB cases in Indonesia could threaten the golden generation's opportunity in the next 2025 demographic bonus, where the number of productive age population is higher than the population non-productive age. This study found that population factors such as population, population density, and the number of poor people had a positive and significant effect on TB cases. In contrast, the GRDP per capita, the number of health workers, and literacy rates negatively affected the TB cases. Furthermore, environmental factors from the availability of proper sanitation and toilet facilities show a negative but insignificant effect on TB cases.
Esai: Pentingnya Materi Lingkungan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah
Authors: A Wiwi Noveria Husna.
Published: December 2020

Materi lingkungan sangat penting diterapkan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Dengan adanya materi lingkungan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, siswa dapat membengun kecerdasan ekologis. Untuk menerapkan materi lingkungan tersebut, tentu diperlukan guru yang bisa memotivasi siswa untuk cinta kepada lingkungan. Menurut Zulhafizh, Ramadhan, dan Atmazaki (2013), guru berperan penting dalam menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif. Selain itu, menurut Sukma, Ramadhan, dan Indriani (2020), guru merupakan orang yang paling berpengaruh dalam menanamkan pendidikan lingkungan sejak dini. Guru menjadi panutan bagi siswanya di masa depan, karena perilaku siswa dipengaruhi oleh perilaku guru.
Dystonin is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that dystonin, encoded by DST, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues. DST mRNA was present at significantly reduced quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to normal breast tissues. Down-regulation of DST may be an important event for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and irrespective of its importance, appears to be a transcriptional event generally associated with metastasis to the brain. The fact that we have identified dystonin as a component of the transcriptional fingerprint of both lymph node and brain metastases at the transcriptome-level and in a blinded fashion alludes to a common clonal origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and successfully colonize the brain in human metastatic breast cancer.
ETOS KERJA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: RosidahIdah
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn Islam, all aspects of life have been regulated legally, from the smallest to the biggest things. Work ethic is one of the activities that must be based on an Islamic perspective, because Islam certainly regulates everything a human must do at work. once a legal basis regarding work ethics in an Islamic perspective, so that it becomes the rules and limitations for humans to do work according to the shari'ah or the rules recommended by Islam. Work ethics is also very influential for human life. And while humans obey Islam it is recommended that Islamic law and make it the foundatione.
Missed orthopaedic injuries in adult trauma patients at a major trauma centre
Authors: Roche Christopher David
Published: December 2020

IntroductionDespite advances in trauma care, missed injury remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in trauma worldwide. In England, few have published their missed injury rates and there are no recent data for London. In 2010 London trauma networks were restructured and the impact on missed injury rates is not known. This study aimed to determine the incidence of missed orthopaedic injury for adult trauma patients at St George’s Hospital, London, and to analyse missed injuries and comment on risk factors.MethodTrauma patients were recorded prospectively at the daily trauma meeting from July to September 2012. The researcher attended clinical activities and reviewed the patient notes and radiology reports daily whilst each patient was an inpatient until discharge. Missed injuries were defined as fractures or dislocations discovered more than 12 h after arrival in the emergency department. The notes for missed injury patients were reviewed again at six months. Missed injury details were recorded/analysed.ResultsThree hundred and forty three adult trauma patients were referred to trauma and orthopaedics in the three-month study period; 5 (1.5%) had a missed injury and 148 (43.1%) had an ISS>15. All missed injuries occurred in these major trauma patients, giving an incidence of 5/148 (3.4%). Four were extremity injuries and one was cervical. All missed injury patients had a GCS of 15/15, were admitted outside normal working hours, were direct admissions and had whole-body CT.ConclusionsAt 3.4% our missed injury incidence is comparable to those published from similar major trauma centres. This provides recent London data following the restructuring of trauma networks.
Acoustic Logging Methods in Fractured and Porous Formations
Authors: Al-Obaidi Sudad H , FH Khalaf
Published: December 2020

Formation fractures have significance effect on the permeability of rocks in oil and gas reservoirs. In real conditions, the opening of vertical fractures exceeds the opening of horizontal fractures and the permeability ofreservoirs in conditions of horizontal wells is higher than in vertical conditions. In the sonic log longitudinal waves, unlike the transverse waves, the attenuation rate strongly depends on the wave path direction. It is shown that themechanism of the attenuation of sound waves in porous rocks is represented by the scattering of "soft" microheterogeneousinclusions. For reservoir rocks with porosity (φ) of (10-20)%, the attenuation decrement is several times higher than the decrement of the other mechanisms.
Physical processing, dismantling and hydrometallurgical treatment of e-waste: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health
Authors: Cook Ed , Velis Costas A , Gerassimidou Spyridoula , Ramola Aditi , Ragossnig Arne
Published: December 2020

Across the Global South, electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) is recovered using rudimentary and often dangerous methods in informal and unregulated facilities. Although these activities provide a valuable contribution to the global circular economy, their uncontrolled nature results in a risk of potentially hazardous substance emission into the environment from where they may pose considerable risk to both occupational and public health. Here, we focus a systematic PRISMA review on two distinct groups of activities undertaken in e-waste management in low- and middle-income countries (LIMICs): (i) Physical deconstruction and reclamation, involving dismantling assemblies of items and materials to recover value; and, (ii) hydrometallurgical treatment, involving the dissolution and suspension of precious metals using solvents (cyanide) and acids (aqua regia). For comparison purposes, we consolidate information on (i) and (ii) according to the types of substances evidenced; and identify, critically assess and rank most prevalent hazard-pathway-receptor (H-P-R) risk combinations experienced by people working across the Global South. Despite the proliferation of publications, evidence to assess risk is comparatively limited. Still, we are confident to highlight the extremely hazardous nature of work undertaken, often by children, handling highly hazardous substances without protective equipment to reclaim gold and other precious metals using hydrometallurgical processes. Emissions of hazardous substances, particularly potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from physical dismantling also represent a serious risk to health. Numerous sources speculatively link concentrations in the environment (a significant risk to children who have a tendency to eat soil) to e-waste dismantling processed. However, many of the sources that identify elevated substance concentrations in environmental media face difficulties in unambiguously and convincingly linking emissions from specific activities to the environmental concentrations, i.e. establishing causality. This key limitation presents us with a challenge for designing and implementing interventions to target, control and replace such highly risky resource recovery methods. Yet, such insufficient information cannot be used as an excuse for inaction, especially as our generalized H-P-R inferences here provide for sufficient interlinkages.
Imposter Syndrome and Self-Deception
Authors: Gadsby Stephen
Published: December 2020

Many intelligent, capable, and successful individuals believe that their success is due to luck and fear that they will someday be exposed as imposters. A puzzling feature of this phenomenon, commonly referred to as imposter syndrome, is that these same individuals treat evidence in ways that maintain their false beliefs and debilitating fears: they ignore and misattribute evidence of their own abilities, while readily accepting evidence in favour of their inadequacy. I propose a novel account of imposter syndrome as an instance of self-deception, whereby biased evidence treatment is driven by the motivational benefit of negative self-appraisal. This account illuminates a number of interconnected philosophical and scientific puzzles related to the explanation, definition, and value of imposter syndrome.
Play and Humor in Counseling
Authors: S. Lily Chania Josephine
Published: December 2020

Bermain dan humor adalah seni dari urutan tertinggi; Akan tetapi, karena kurangnya kerapian dan struktur, mereka sering kali kurang digunakan, tidak dihargai, dan kadang - kadang disalahmengerti (Ness, 1989; Schaefer & Reid, 1986). Permainan dan humor adalah multidimensional dan fleksibel, dan mereka terkait dengan kreativitas dan peningkatan kesehatan mental dan pemahaman (R. A. Berk, 2002; Martin, 2007; Witmer, 1985).
Refleksi Konseling Seni pt 6
Authors: Arnesty Anastasya Evi
Published: December 2020

tugas refleksi konseling seni pt 6
Assessing Children’s Computational Skills: Validation of an Adapted Version of the Canadian Achievement Test - Second Edition for 10 year olds
Authors: Garon-Carrier Gabrielle , Boivin Michel , Ouellet Emmanuel , Tremblay Richard E. , Dionne Ginette
Published: December 2020

This study tested the validity of the mathematic subtest of the Canadian Achievement Test – Second Edition (CAT/2; Canadian Test Centre, 1992) for 10 year olds, adapted from the original version administered at age 8. The analyses showed satisfactory internal consistency of the adapted version at age 10, and slightly higher internal consistency than that of the original version at age 8 (.81 vs .76). The total scores distribution of the age 10 version were slightly negatively skewed, suggesting that the tool is sensitive to assess children with lower mathematic abilities. Using a correlational design, the results showed substantial cross-age convergent validity between the age 8 and age 10 versions (.49, p < .001), and cross-measure convergent and discriminant validity of this adapted version. We conclude that the adapted mathematics subtest of the Canadian Achievement Test could be used to reliably measure children’s computational skills at age 10.
Peripheral reaching in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Mitchell Alexandra Grace , Rossit Stephanie , Pal Suvankar , Hornberger Michael , Warman Annie , Kenning Elise , Williamson Laura , Shapland Rebecca , McIntosh Robert D
Published: December 2020

Recent evidence has implicated areas within the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as among the first to show pathophysiological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Focal brain damage to the PPC can cause optic ataxia, a specific deficit in reaching to peripheral targets. The present study describes a novel investigation of peripheral reaching ability in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), in order to assess whether this deficit is common among these patient groups. Individuals with a diagnosis of mild-to-moderate AD, or MCI, and health older adult controls were required to reach to targets presented in central vision or in the periphery using two reaching tasks; one in the lateral plane and another presented in radial depth. Pre-registered case-control comparisons identified 1/10 MCI and 3/17 AD patients with significant peripheral reaching deficits at the individual level, but group-level comparisons did not find significantly higher peripheral reaching error in either AD or MCI groups by comparison to controls. Exploratory analyses showed significantly increased reach duration in both AD and MCI groups relative to controls, accounted for by an extended deceleration phase of movement. These findings suggest that peripheral reaching deficits like those observed in optic ataxia are not a common feature of AD. However, we found that cognitive decline is associated with a generalised slowing of movement which may indicate a visuomotor deficit in reach planning.
Stress as a meaningful variable in models of covid-19 spreading
Authors: Trenado Carlos , Santillana Mauricio , Ruge Diane
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first identified in Wuhan China in December 2019. Because of Covid-19 worldwide spreading in 2020, urgent hygiene and lockdown measures have been implemented with fundamental consequences on the lives of people in all sectors of society. Besides visible socio-economic and documented health effects, the impact of Covid-19 on people’s mental health including stress-related effects on disease spreading remains yet to be addressed. Here, we argue about the relevance of incorporating stress factors into models of covid-19 spreading and the level of detail in which such models should take stress into consideration.
Swiss LGBTIQ+ Panel - 2020 Summary Report
Authors: Hässler Tabea , Eisner Léïla
Published: December 2020

This is a summary report of the 2020 survey of the Swiss LGBTIQ+ Panel. The Swiss LGBTIQ+ Panel, a longitudinal study assessing the situation of LGBTIQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex, and queer) individuals in Switzerland in an annual manner, is led by Léïla Eisner and Tabea Hässler. Each annual survey covers emerging topics in the Swiss context (e.g., legalization of same-sex marriage), personal experiences of LGBTIQ+ individuals (e.g., support, discrimination, coming out, experiences in the school context) as well as action to change the situation in Switzerland. We believe that the insights of the Swiss LGBTIQ+ Panel have high practical relevance for LGBTIQ+ and cis-heterosexual individuals, people in the educational context, LGBTIQ+ and other non-profit organizations, practitioners, and policymakers aiming at promoting the health and integration of LGBTIQ+ individuals.
Refleksi Konseling Seni pt 7
Authors: Arnesty Anastasya Evi
Published: December 2020

tugas refleksi konseling seni pt 7
Refleksi Konseling Seni pt 3
Authors: Arnesty Anastasya Evi
Published: December 2020

Tugas refleksi konseling seni pt 3
Visual Art in Counseling
Authors: S. Lily Chania Josephine
Published: December 2020

Visual art in counseling merupakan salah satu Teknik konseling seni yang difokuskan pada visualisasi atau simbolisasi untuk mengungkapkan permasalahan konseli melalui berbagai cara seperti mewarnai, menggambar, dan mematung. Teknik ini digunakan untuk membantu konseli dalam mengungkapkan hal – hal yang terkadang sulit terungkap secara verbal, pengalaman – pengalaman atau harapan yang terepresi di alaam bawah sadar, dan symbol – symbol subyektif yang ia miliki.
Drama or Psychodrama in Counseling
Authors: S. Lily Chania Josephine
Published: December 2020

Drama berfokus pada komunikasi antara orang dan peran yang ndividuals ambil dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Secara harfiah di mana-mana dalam masyarakat apakah pada tingkat formal atau improvisasi (terang & Wiener, 2007). Dalam terapi, seperti dalam semua aktivitas manusia.
Contribution of Socioeconomic, Lifestyle, and Medical Risk Factors to Disparities in Dementia and Mortality
Authors: Weiss Jordan
Published: December 2020

Extensive literature in the United States documents racial/ethnic and gender disparities in the incidence and prevalence of dementia yet few studies have examined how race/ethnicity and gender intersect to shape inequalities in the risk of dementia. Moreover, few studies have examined heterogeneity in the contribution of known risk factors to dementia across these demographic strata while properly accounting for the semi-competing risk of death. To better characterize sources of inequality in the risk of dementia, I calculated the proportion of dementia cases attributable to socioeconomic, lifestyle, and medical risk factors across demographic strata using data from the US Health and Retirement Study and a multistate framework that accounts for the semi-competing risk of death. Socioeconomic resources contributed to the largest number of dementia cases but the magnitude of this contribution varied across strata defined by race/ethnicity and gender. The greatest potential for dementia prevention was observed among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic men and women, supporting an intersectionality approach, and underscoring the need for culturally sensitive intervention and public health initiatives to address the growing burden of dementia.
Rise of the War Machines: Charting the Evolution of Military Technologies from the Neolithic to the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Turchin Peter , Hoyer Daniel , Korotayev Andrey , Kradin Nikolay , Nefedov Sergei , Feinman Gary , Levine Jill , Reddish Jenny , Cioni Enrico , Thorpe Chelsea , Bennett James S , François Pieter , Whitehouse Harvey
Published: December 2020

The causes and consequences of technological evolution in world history have been much debated. Of particular importance in many of the theoretical and empirical studies on this topic is innovation in military technologies, details of which are comparatively well preserved in the archaeology and historical record and which are often seen as drivers of broad socio-cultural processes. Here we analyze data on the evolution of key military technologies in a stratified sample of the world’s political systems from the Neolithic to the industrial revolution using Seshat: Global History Databank. Empirically testing a series of previously speculative theories reveals that world population size (as proxy for the potential numbers of innovators), the connectivity between areas of innovation and adoption, and major past innovations such as iron metallurgy and horse riding, all serve as strong predictors of change in military technology. We discuss how the approach showcased here could be extended not only to explain more of the causes and consequences of military innovation but of technological change more generally, with important ramifications for our understanding of the drivers of world history and of the evolution of social complexity.
How to Calculate the Costs of Poverty in Canada: Comment on the Nathan Laurie Approach and Recommended Improvements
Authors: Plante Charles
Published: December 2020

In 2008, Nathan Laurie calculated the costs of poverty in Canada and Ontario for the first time. Since then, several researchers have used the approach he developed to calculate the costs of poverty for most of the Canadian provinces. This research has had a substantial impact on the thinking of the public and policy makers around poverty and poverty reduction in Canada. In this working paper, we distill the central tenants of Laurie’s approach and recommend several improvements that can be made to it. In effect, Laurie’s approach works with readily available data to answer the counterfactual question: what would the savings and gains be to individuals and society if we raised the standard of living of the poor to the modest level achieved by the second income quintile or higher? In several places, however, his approach results in estimates of costs that are insensitive to changes in widely recognized measures of poverty, including Canada’s new Official Poverty Line, otherwise known as the Market Basket Measure (MBM). In the latter sections of this paper, we reproduce Laurie’s original calculations and contrast these with results based on our own recommendations in the same year. Our recommendations generate comparable results.
Association of Subjective Sleep Quality and Glycemic Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A cross sectional study
Authors: Khakurel G. , Shakya D. , Chalise P. , Chalise S.
Published: December 2020

Background Sleep disorders are considered as one of the important risk factor which have a great impact on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective The objectives of this study was to determine the effect of sleep quality on the glycemic level among type 2 diabetic patients.

Method This was a cross sectional study done in 208 type 2 diabetic patients visiting Kathmandu Medical College Public Limited from July 2019 to December 2019. Data regarding sleep quality was collected by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index taking global cut off score ≥ 8 as poor sleeper. Glycated hemoglobin level ≥ 7 was considered as poor glycemic control. Chi square test was used to compare parameters between good sleeper and poor sleeper. Independent sample t test compared the means of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index factors and glycemic contol. A logistic regression analysis of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index factors and glycated hemoglobin was done. Values of p ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Result The study findings revealed that 62 % had poor glycemic control and 58.7 % were poor quality sleeper. There was a significant association of sleep quality with glycemic control and duration of diabetes. Logistic regression analyses showed that subjective sleep quality was risk factor for poor glycemic control. The odds ratio for subjective sleep quality was found to be 4.59 (2.13-9.91).

Conclusion Poor sleep quality was common in type 2 diabetic patients. This study showed that the risk factors for poor subjective sleep quality include poor glycemic control and longer duration of diabetes mellitus.
Towards Vision 2020 -Trends of Cataract Surgery in Melaka Hospital, A Malaysian Tertiary Center: 2007-2014
Authors: Thevi T. , Abas A.L.
Published: December 2020

Background Cataract surgery which is the only scientific method to treat cataracts has evolved from large incisions of intracapsular cataract excision to extracapsular cataract excision and now modern day phacoemulsification. Anaesthesia too has progressed from general anaesthesia to local and topical anaesthesia. A variety of intraocular lenses are available ranging from rigid to foldable, multifocal and toric. Day care surgeries are becoming the norm these days.

Objective Cataract surgery has advanced with new techniques and modalities. We studied the trends of cataract surgery and outcomes over the years.

Method We performed secondary data analysis (National Eye Database) of cataract surgery patients in Hospital Melaka (2007 - 2014).

Result Most patients were 60-69 years (mean 65.0 years). Primary cataract rose (p<0.05) but there was no difference in laterality and first or second eye (p>0.05). More patients presented with Hypertension and Diabetes (p<0.05). Pterygium encroaching the cornea showed a rise (p<0.05). Phacoemulsification (80.8%) showed a rise while Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) (15.4%) declined (p<0.05). More Specialists operated and fewer combined surgeries were performed (p<0.001). Type of anaesthesia did not change (p>0.05). Operative complications reduced (p<0.001). Anterior chamber, scleral fixated and foldable intraocular lenses usage reduced (p<0.05). There was no change in pre-operative visual acuity (p>0.05) but post-operative vision showed a rise in good outcomes (p<0.05).

Conclusion Melaka Hospital shows a rise in phacoemulsification and a decline in Extracapsular Cataract Extraction. More patients presented with primary cataracts. More Specialists operated and there was a reduction in intraoperative and postoperative complications. Post-operative visual outcomes showed a remarkable improvement. This improvement is in keeping with the aim of improved vision for all by 2020.
Hospital Outcomes of Surgical Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus: 19 Years Experience at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center
Authors: Koirala R. , Panthee N. , Pradhan S. , Rajbhandari N. , Shrestha D.K. , Chhetri S. , Shrestha Y. , Dahal A. , Dhakal S. , Thapa S.
Published: December 2020

Background Ductus arteriosus is a vascular structure which connects the roof of main pulmonary artery near the origin of the left branch pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure is indicated for any patient who is symptomatic from left to right shunting.

Objective To investigate the hospital outcomes of surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus over last 19 years starting from the very first case of our center.

Method This is a retrospective analysis of all patent ductus arteriosus treated surgically from August 2001 to July 2019. Patients who underwent isolated surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus were included. Data have been presented in three different eras (Era 1: 2001-2007, Era 2: 2008-2013, and Era 3: 2014-2019) to see the trend of evolution of this surgery.

Result A total of 901 patients aged 8.67±8.76 years under went patent ductus arteriosus surgical closure over last 19 years. Patients in the initial era 2001-2007 were significantly older compared with other 2 eras (p=0.000). Males accounted for 35.5% of all cases. Twenty percent had severe pulmonary artery hypertension. Duration of mechanical ventilation was 3.57±9.64 hours with ICU stay of 1.55±1.53 days, and hospital stay of 3.9±2.3 days. Overall in hospital mortality was 0.8%; for isolated patent ductus arteriosus diagnosis, mortality was 0.2%. Chylothorax was noted in 0.4%.

Conclusion This is the first report to analyze surgical outcomes of patent ductus arteriosus ligation in our center. We have discussed the evolution of patent ductus arteriosus surgery in our center, and have shown favorable outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality.
Refractive Error Prevalence among School Children in Dadeldhura District of Nepal
Authors: Awasthi S. , Pant B.P. , Langaas T.
Published: December 2020

Background Uncorrected refractive error is the major cause of visual impairment worldwide. There is no data on refractive error prevalence among school children in hilly region of Far West Nepal.

Objective The prevalence of refractive error has been found to vary among children of different caste/ethnic groups and geographical regions. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of refractive error among school children from different caste/ethnic groups in Dadeldhura district of Far West Nepal.

Method This is a cross sectional study of refractive error among secondary school children from 2 schools in Dadeldhura district. All children underwent a vision screening consisting of visual acuity, ocular examination and refraction. Myopia was diagnosed for an eye with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.5 D whereas an eye with SER ≥ +2.0 D was diagnosed as hyperopic. Ethnicity was reported through self administered questionnaire.

Result Among children aged 12 to 16 years (14.07 ± 1.4) prevalence of myopia was 3.5%, hyperopia 0.33% and astigmatism 1%. All except three children had spherical equivalent refraction (SER) within ±2 D. Caste/ethnicity was not associated significantly with myopia in either eye (χ2= 0.27, df= 2, p= 0.87).

Conclusion The prevalence of refractive error among secondary school children in Dadeldhura district of Far West Nepal is very low in comparison to myopia prevalence reported in studies from other parts of the world, but slightly lower than myopia prevalence found in other, eastern parts of Nepal.
Functional Outcomes of Arteriovenous Fistulas Created by Nephrologist
Authors: Shrestha S. , Soni S.S. , Vachharajani T.J.
Published: December 2020

Background Nephrologists worldwide, after undergoing surgical training, have reported creating arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs).

Objective To demonstrate the functional outcome of arteriovenous fistulas created by a trained Nepalese nephrologist.

Method This was a cross sectional study. A convenient sampling method was used and all consecutive AVFs created by a single nephrologist from January 2016 to December 2018 were included to assess their functional status within 3 months of creation. Patients with incomplete data and no follow up for up to 3 months post surgery were excluded.

Result One hundred sixty six (166) arteriovenous fistulas were created during the study period; mean age of the patients was 52 ± 14 years, 121 (75%) male and 65 (39%) were diabetic.

The most common site of arteriovenous fistula creation was left radiocephalic (Lt RC) 69(41.5%), followed by left brachiocephalic (Lt BC) 66(39.7%). Other sites were left brachiobasilic (Lt BB) 10(6%), right brachiocephalic (Rt BC) 10(6%), right radiocephalic (Rt RC) 9(5.4%) and right brachiobasilic (Rt BB) 2(1.2%). 139 arteriovenous fistulas (83.7%) were functional within 3 months post creation. Functional outcomes of radiocephalic, brachiocephalic and brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistulas were 75.6%, 90.7% and 100% respectively at 3 months post creation.

Lymphoceles developed in three Lt BC arteriovenous fistulas, thrombosis in two Lt BC arteriovenous fistulas and infection in two Lt BC arteriovenous fistulas with pseudoaneurysm formation.

Conclusion The functional outcome of arteriovenous fistulas created by a trained Nepalese nephrologist is similar to that reported in the literature.
Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening: An Experience at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shrestha B.L. , Karmacharya S. , Dhakal A. , KC A.K. , Shrestha K.S. , Pradhan A. , Rajbhandari P. , Pokharel M.
Published: December 2020

Background Hearing loss among neonates is one of the important health issue in pediatric population which may remain unnoticed until the child reaches a certain age. The importance of universal early screening, diagnosis and intervention in reducing the negative impact of congenital hearing loss has been described all over the world.

Objective To observe the outcome of hearing screening by Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) in newborns delivered in Dhulikhel Hospital and neonates admitted in an intensive care unit (NICU) of Dhulikhel Hospital.

Method A prospective study was done in neonates who were born at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital from February 15th, 2017 to October 30th, 2019. AABR was used for their hearing assessment within 24 hours of birth and again at about 6 weeks of age in those neonates who failed the initial test. All the neonates admitted in NICU were studied regarding the risk factors based on Joint committee on Infant Hearing. Those who failed the test for the second time were referred for detailed audiological diagnostic work up.

Result The screening rate was 92.6% of the total deliveries. A total of 5517 neonates comprising of 2800 males and 2717 females were screened from total deliveries of 5956 neonates in the study period. Among them, NICU (sick) babies were 422 (7.7%) and well babies were 5095 (92.3%). Out of them, 1675 failed the test in the first screening and 374 failed in the second screening. So, the total number of referred babies in second screening was 6.7% (374) out of 5517 screened. Amongst them, well babies were 6.59% (336), out of 5095 screened and sick babies were 9% (38) out of 422 screened.

Low birth weight and prematurity were found to be the commonest risk factor present among them, followed by the use of ototoxic medications, hyperbilirubinemia and prolonged use of mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) is a very useful tool for hearing screening which should preferably be done in all the neonates where possible. It should be done within one month of life and those with confirmed hearing loss should receive early appropriate intervention for better hearing in future.
Effect of Positive Airway Pressure During Preoxygenation on Safe Apnea Period: a comparison of the supine and 25° head up position
Authors: Dhakal Y. , Bhattarai B. , Khatiwada S. , Subedi A.
Published: December 2020

Background Preoxygenation is performed before induction of anaesthesia which increases oxygen reserve and provides delayed onset of hypoxia during period of apnea. Several techniques such as positive airway pressure and head-up tilt during preoxygenation have shown to prolong safe apnea period compared to conventional technique. However, uniform recommendations have not yet been made.

Objective To find out the effect of combination of 5 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and 25° head up position during preoxygenation on safe apnea period.

Method In this comparative study 60 non-obese adult patients were divided into three equal groups; Group C receiving preoxygenation in conventional technique, Group S receiving preoxygenation with 5 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure in supine position and Group H receiving preoxygenation in 25° head-up position with 5 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure . After 3 min of preoxygenation, intubation was performed after induction of anaesthesia with propofol, fentanyl and succinylcholine. After confirming the tracheal intubation by direct visualization, all patients were administered vecuronium to maintain neuromuscular blockade. Post-intubation, patients in all groups were left in same position with the tracheal tube exposed to atmosphere and without being ventilated till the SpO2 dropped to 92%. The primary outcome compared between the groups was the safe apnea period (time from loss of consciousness to fall of SpO2 to 92%).

Result The duration of safe apnea period was longer (p < 0.05) in Group H patients (405.9 ± 106.69 s) as compared to the Group C (296.9 ± 99.01s) and Group S (319.65 ± 71.54s). Although the duration of safe apnea period was longer in the Group S as compared to Group C the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion Preoxygenation in 25° head-up position with 5 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure significantly prolongs safe apnea period in non-obese adults compared to supine position, with or without 5 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure.
Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Distance of Sciatic Nerve Bifurcation from the Popliteal Crease and its Depth from Skin in Volunteers
Authors: Shrestha U. , Lama Moktan S. , Shrestha S.B
Published: December 2020

Background Sciatic nerve block used for various surgeries below knee and for maintenance of analgesia demonstrates wide variability regarding its bifurcation into tibial and common peroneal nerves, frequently accounting for incomplete nerve blocks.

Objective To determine the variation of sciatic nerve bifurcation among Nepalese volunteers.

Method This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from March to May 2019, where 110 healthy volunteers underwent ultrasonography of sciatic nerve starting from popliteal fossa to its bifurcation. The distance between the bifurcation of sciatic nerve from popliteal crease and depth of the nerve at that point from the skin were measured.

Result The mean distance at which sciatic nerve bifurcated from the popliteal crease was 5.42 ± 1.37 cm. Most commonly, the sciatic nerve bifurcated at a distance of 5-7 cm from the popliteal crease in 110 limbs (50.45%). However, in 80 limbs (36.69%), the bifurcation was found at less than 5 cm from the popliteal crease. The depth of the nerve from the skin at the point of bifurcation was 1.72 ± 0.54 cm, with results showing it was deeper in females compared to males (p value < 0.001).

Conclusion This study showed that though the distance of sciatic nerve bifurcation from the popliteal crease in our study group was coherent with the published literature of 5-12 cm; many volunteers also had this bifurcation at distances less than 5 cm. Females showed nerves to be deeper at the point of bifurcation than males.
Types of Renal Stones and its Variation with Age and Gender in a University Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Joshi H.N. , Singh A.K. , Karmacharya R.M.
Published: December 2020

Background Types of renal stones have profoundly changed in the last half-century, parallel to the change in lifestyle and dietary habit, with an increase of calcium stones. Among many lithogenic factors age and gender are considered to be associated with the types of renal stones. Studies evaluating the influence of age and gender on the distribution of the types of urinary calculi are scarce in Nepal.

Objective To explore the influence of age and gender on different types of urolithiasis.

Method This is a single center prospective study encompassing urolithiasis during a study period of 18 months. All the stone retrieved from the patients after surgery were sent for biochemical analysis of the stone. The result was then compared with the age and gender of the study population.

Result Calculi from a total of 107 patients were analyzed (62 from males and 45 from females). Mixed stones consisting of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate were the predominant constituent in 74.16% of stones, followed by uric acid, struvite and cystine stones. We found predominance of Calcium stones in males (47.66%) vs 36.44% in females and predominance of struvite stones in females (7.47%) vs 3.73% in males. Age group of 21-40 years has the main burden of stone.

Conclusion Being aware and having better knowledge of risk factors, composition and correlation with age and gender can provide personalized guidance to prevention and avoid recurrence of urolithiasis.
Konzept Gender Thesaurus. Zur Bedeutung einer gemeinsamen Dokumentationssprache für Forschung und Informationseinrichtungen
Authors: Schenk Jasmin
Published: December 2020

Angesichts aktueller und voraussichtlich in naher Zukunft startender Infrastrukturprojekte der Frauen/Gender-Informationseinrichtungen einerseits und der Gender Studies andererseits, soll im Folgenden auf den Sinn und die Notwendigkeit einer gemeinsamen gendersensiblen Dokumentationssprache hingewiesen werden. Dieser Beitrag entstand im Rahmen des Masterstudiums der Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften (MALIS) an der Technischen Hochschule Köln und verfolgt das Ziel, Vorschläge für die Erarbeitung eines Gender Thesaurus zu entwickeln.
What's the frequency, Kenneth? – Eine (queer)feministische Kritik an Sexismen und Rassismen im Schlagwortkatalog
Authors: Sparber Sandra
Published: December 2020

Sprachliche Diskriminierungen bilden sich auf verschiedenen Ebenen im Schlagwortkatalog ab. In unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen finden wir sie sowohl in den Normdaten als auch in der Schlagwortfolge. Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es, die bibliothekarische Inhaltserschließung als soziale Praxis in einen theoretischen Bezugsrahmen einzubetten, um sie einer fundierten Kritik zugänglich zu machen.
Zwischen Anspruch und Möglichkeit. Frauen*solidarität: ein Beispiel aus der Beschlagwortung
Authors: Zechner Rosa
Published: December 2020

Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der Bibliothek der Frauen*solidarität Strategien gegen Sexismen und Rassismen in der Beschlagwortung auf. Durch die Einbindung der Frauen*solidarität in einen entwicklungspolitischen Verbund und später in den Österreichischen Bibliothekenverbund wird die feministische Erschließungspraxis der Frauen*solidarität in Relation zu den beiden Erschließungsinstrumentarien TWSE und SWD/GND dargestellt.
Die Hörbücherei des Blinden- und Sehbehindertenverbandes Österreich (BSVÖ)
Authors: Klemsch Tina
Published: December 2020

Kein Abstract verfügbar
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft fördert den Aufbau eines Repositoriums für die Geschlechterforschung
Authors: Aleksander Karin
Published: December 2020

Kein Abstract verfügbar
Implication Of Regional Tax Regulation On The Investment Climate And Its Reference To Omnibus Bill On Taxation
Authors: Doloksaribu Debora Kristina
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe granting of autonomy to the regions is intended to provide democratic space and public participation. Legal certainty in the administration of regional government specifically related to taxes is very crucial, especially for economic development, as it affects the investment climate. Any discrepancy between regional and central policies is seen as an obstacle in optimizing investment performance in the regions. The Government has proposed a Bill on General Provisions and Tax Facilities for Strengthening the Economy or also known as the Omnibus Bill on Taxation which regulates, among other things, regional tax and levy. The method used in this study is the type of legal research (normative) and carried out by examining library materials or secondary data in the form of various legal references, including primary, secondary, and tertiary materials. A descriptive technique is used in analyzing legal materials that have been collected. Writer opines that the Omnibus Bill is expected to provide business certainty, in the hope that it can increase investment. However, the discussion of the Omnibus Bill must be carefully done. There has to be a certainty and clarity of the intervention procedures of the central government so that it is carried out in a clear legal corridor.  AbstrakPemberian otonomi kepada daerah dimaksudkan untuk memberikan ruang demokrasi dan partisipasi masyarakat. Kepastian hukum dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah merupakan hal yang sangat penting terutama dalam pembangunan di bidang ekonomi karena hal tersebut mempengaruhi iklim investasi. Adanya ketidaksinkronan kebijakan daerah dengan pusat dinilai sebagai hambatan dalam optimalisasi kinerja investasi di daerah. Pemerintah telah mengajukan Rancangan Undang-Undang Ketentuan Umum dan Fasilitas Perpajakan Untuk Penguatan Perekonomian atau RUU Omnibus Perpajakan yang salah satunya mengatur tentang pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian hukum (normatif) dan dilakukan dengan menelaah bahan pustaka atau data sekunder berupa berbagai acuan hukum, baik bahan hukum primer, sekunder, maupun tersier. Teknik deskriptif digunakan dalam menganalisis bahan hukum yang telah dikumpulkan. Penulis berpendapat bahwa Omnibus Law Perpajakan dapat memberikan kepastian berusaha sehingga investasi semakin meningkat. Namun demikian, pembahasan RUU Omnibus Law harus dilakukan dengan cermat dan hati-hati. Harus ada kepastian dan kejelasan prosedur intervensi dari pemerintah pusat sehingga pelaksanaannya berada dalam koridor hukum yang jelas.
Penerapan Kebijakan Tentang Prinsip Kehati-Hatian Dalam Pemberian Kredit Perbankan
Authors: Budiman Nanang Tri , Supianto Supianto
Published: December 2020

A bank is an effort to collect funds from the public in the form of savings and distribute them back to the community in the form of credit or other forms in order to improve people's lives. In distributing credit to the public, each bank is required to implement the precautionary principle in channeling loans. This study aims to determine the application of the precautionary principle applied in the process of providing bank credit. This study uses a normative juridical research method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the application of the precautionary principle was carried out in the form of obligation to formulate and implement bank credit policies for commercial banks, maximum credit limits, assessment of asset quality, debtor information systems, the principle of knowing customers and the existence of guarantees in providing credit.