bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α Mediates Hyperglycemia-induced Pancreatic Cancer Glycolysis
Authors: Cheng Liang , Qin Tao , Ma Jiguang , Duan Wanxing , Xu Qinhong , Li Xuqi , Han Liang , Li Wei , Wang Zheng , Zhang Dong , Ma Qingyong , Lei Jianjun
Published: June 2019

Background: Recent studies have suggested that 85% of pancreatic cancer patients accompanied with impaired glucose tolerance or even Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the invasive and migratory abilities of pancreatic cancer could be enhanced by high glucose. This study aimed to investigate whether Hypoxia- Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) mediates hyperglycemia-induced pancreatic cancer glycolysis.  Methods: The cellular glycolytic activity was assessed by determining lactate production, glucose uptake and lactate dehydrogenase enzymatic activity. Pancreatic cancer cells (BxPC-3 cells) were transfected with short hairpin RNA targeting the HIF-1α.  Results: Hyperglycemia promotes pancreatic cancer glycolysis. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) activity and hexokinase 2 (HK2), platelet-type of phosphofructokinase (PFKP) expression were significantly upregulated under hyperglycemic conditions. HIF-1α knockdown prominently down-regulated the activity of LDHA and the expression of HK2, PFKP and decreased lactate production in BxPC-3 cells. Under hypoxia condition, hyperglycemia induced pancreatic glycolysis by mechanisms that are both dependent on HIF-1α and independent of it.  Conclusion: The accumulation of HIF-1α induced by hyperglycemia increases LDHA activity and HK2, PFKP expression, thereby promoting pancreatic glycolysis to facilitate cancer progression.
Future Perspective of Diabetic Animal Models
Authors: Pandey Shashank , Dvorakova Magdalena C.
Published: June 2019

Objective:

The need of today’s research is to develop successful and reliable diabetic animal models for understanding the disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. Enormous success of animal models had already been acclaimed for identifying key genetic and environmental factors like Idd loci and effects of microorganisms including the gut microbiota. Furthermore, animal models had also helped in identifying many therapeutic targets and strategies for immune-intervention. In spite of a quite success, we have acknowledged that many of the discovered immunotherapies are working on animals and did not have a significant impact on human. Number of animal models were developed in the past to accelerate drug discovery pipeline. However, due to poor initial screening and assessment on inequivalent animal models, the percentage of drug candidates who succeeded during clinical trials was very low. Therefore, it is essential to bridge this gap between pre-clinical research and clinical trial by validating the existing animal models for consistency.

Results and Conclusion:

In this review, we have discussed and evaluated the significance of animal models on behalf of published data on PUBMED. Amongst the most popular diabetic animal models, we have selected six animal models (e.g. BioBreeding rat, “LEW IDDM rat”, “Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) mouse”, “STZ RAT”, “LEPR Mouse” and “Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat” and ranked them as per their published literature on PUBMED. Moreover, the vision and brief imagination for developing an advanced and robust diabetic model of 21st century was discussed with the theme of one miceone human concept including organs-on-chips.
Fuzzy Classification Methods Based Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease from Speech Test Cases
Authors: Dastjerd Niousha Karimi , Sert Onur Can , Ozyer Tansel , Alhajj Reda
Published: June 2019

Background:

Together with the Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease is considTogether with the Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease is considered
as one of the two serious known neurodegenerative diseases. Physicians find it hard to
predict whether a given patient has already developed or is expected to develop the Parkinson’s
disease in the future. To overcome this difficulty, it is possible to develop a computing
model, which analyzes the data related to a given patient and predicts with acceptable accuracy
when he/she is anticipated to develop the Parkinson’s disease.ered as one of the
two serious known neurodegenerative diseases. Physicians find it hard to predict whether a given
patient has already developed or is expected to develop the Parkinson’s disease in the future. To
overcome this difficulty, it is possible to develop a computing model, which analyzes the data related
to a given patient and predicts with acceptable accuracy when he/she is anticipated to develop
the Parkinson’s disease. This paper contributes an attractive prediction framework based on some
machine learning approaches. Several fuzzy classifiers have been employed in the process to distinguish
people with Parkinsonism from healthy individuals. The fuzzy classifiers utilized in this
study have been tested using the “Parkinson Speech Dataset with Multiple Types of Sound Recordings
Data Set” available from the UCI repository. The results reported in this paper are better than
the results reported by Sakar et al., where the same dataset was used, but with different classifiers.
This demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of the fuzzy classifiers used in this study as
compared to the non-fuzzy classifiers used by Sakar et al.

Objectives:

This paper contributes an attractive prediction framework based on some machine
learning approaches for distinguishing people with Parkinsonism from healthy individuals.

Methods:

Several fuzzy classifiers such as Inductive Fuzzy Classifier, Fuzzy Rough Classifier
and two types of neuro-fuzzy classifiers have been employed.

Results:

The fuzzy classifiers utilized in this study have been tested using the “Parkinson
Speech Dataset with Multiple Types of Sound Recordings Data Set” of 40 subjects available
on the UCI repository.

Conclusion:

The results achieved show that FURIA, MLP- Bagging - SGD, genfis2 and scg1
performed the best among the fuzzy rough, WEKA, adaptive neuro-fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy
classifiers, respectively. The worst performance belongs to nearest neighborhood, IBK, genfis3
and scg3 among the formerly mentioned classifiers. The results reported in this paper are better
in comparison to the results reported in Sakar et al., where the same dataset was used, with utilization
of different classifiers. This demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of the
fuzzy classifiers used in this study as compared to the non-fuzzy classifiers used by Sakar et al.
Herbal Dentifrices: Emerging Trends and Patterns
Authors: Pal Rashmi Saxena , Pal Yogendra , Wal Ankita , Wal Pranay
Published: June 2019

Background:

Herbal extracts have been employed since ages in dentistry as tooth
cleansing and antimicrobial agents. The use of herbal medicines continues to expand and
trend rapidly across the world. Herbal extracts have been used in dentistry for multiple uses
as reducing inflammation, as antimicrobial plaque agents, for preventing release of histamine
and as antiseptics, antioxidants, antimicrobials and analgesics. They also aid in healing
process and are very effective in controlling microbial plaque and other disorders related to
gums.

Objective:

The present review aims towards the combined review as well as compilation of
available herbs under the category of various dental associated problems.

Materials and Methods:

The herbs were studied by sectioning them as for looking after different
works or findings done against dental caries, tooth ache, scouring teeth, gum troubles
and herbs as mouth fresheners.

Results:

Herbal extracts have been used on a large scale in dentistry as tooth cleansing and
antimicrobial plaque agents. Many people take herbal derived medicines or herbal based
products for the purpose of reducing inflammation, as antimicrobial agents, for preventing
release of histamine and as antiseptics, antioxidants, antifungals, antibacterials, antivirals
and analgesics. Herbal extracts are used in dentistry for treatment of various dental disorders.

Conclusion:

The use of herbal medicines are blooming rapidly across the world. Herbal extracts
and the various herbs on the whole or their specific parts have been used in dentistry.
They relieve the problems of gums and act as excellent mouth fresheners. The natural herbal
remedies act as an effective substitute to antibiotics and represent a promising approach for
prevention and as therapeutic strategies for various oral infections as they are natural, eradicate
the problem from its root and provide long lasting relief. The herbal remedies are advantageous
over conventional treatment.
Estimación de la distribución multivariada de los rendimientos de los tipos de cambio contra el dólar de las criptomonedas Bitcoin, Ripple y Ether
Authors: Mota Aragón Beatriz , Núñez Mora José Antonio
Published: June 2019

En este artículo se estima la distribución multivariada para analizar la dependencia del Bitcoin (BTC), Ripple (XRP) y Ether (ETH). Se utiliza la familia Hiperbólica Generalizada de distribuciones (GH) y en particular la distribución Varianza Gamma. El procedimiento para la estimación de los parámetros de la GH es a través del algoritmo EM (Expectation-Maximization). Los resultados muestran que existe una dependencia positiva entre los tres tipos de cambio respecto del dólar americano y se estima una distribución Varianza-Gamma de dimensión tres. Esta distribución es muy flexible para el ajuste de series de los rendimientos con leptocurtosis y sesgo. Esta información se considera importante para los inversionistas que conforman sus portafolios de una manera eficiente.
2.4GHZ AKILLI HABERLEŞME SİSTEMLERİ İÇİN SARMAL ŞEKİLLİ FREKANS SEÇİCİ YÜZEY TASARIMI
Authors: BELEN Mehmet Ali , MAHOUTİ Peyman
Published: June 2019

Haberleşme
sistemleri günümüz teknolojik gelişmeler ile hızlı bir şekilde ilerlemektedir.
Kullanıcı dostu ve düşük maliyetli olmasıyla, günümüzde kablosuz haberleşme
sistemleri tercih edilmektedir. Kablosuz haberleşme sistemlerinde verimliliğin
arttırılması adına sinyal girişimlerin önlenmesi bir gereklilik haline
gelmiştir. Bu yüzden alıcı sistemlerde anten öncesine yerleştirilen ön
filtreleme elamanları üzerine çalışmalar yoğunlaşmıştır. Özellikle mikrodalga
alanında birçok uygulama frekans seçici yüzey kullanılarak
gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ISM band frekanslarında, mikroşerit sarmal
şekilli yapı kullanılarak tasarlanmış bir band geçiren frekans seçici yüzey
(FSY) önerilmektedir. Sarmal yapı üzerindeki hat genişlikleri ve boşlukları
değiştirildiğinde çalışma frekansı ve karakteristiği ayarlanabilir bir FSY
önerilmiştir. Yapılan
incelemelerde sonucunda rezonans frekansı 1.8GHz ile 5.2GHz arasında değiştiği
gözlenmiştir.  CST-MWS yazılımı
kullanılarak tasarımlar ve spesifikasyonları elde edilmiştir.
POTENTIAL USE OF HAZELNUT PROCESSING PLANT WASTES AS A SORBENT FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL OF MULTI-ELEMENTS FROM WATER
Authors: TUNÇ DEDE Özlem
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the effects
of pH (1.5-8.0), initial element concentration (0.5 to 20 mg L−1.) and sorbent dosage (1 - 20 g L-1) were investigated on the potential use of hazelnut processing plant
wastes, hazelnut shell (SH) and hazelnut skin (SK), for the simultaneous
removal of Al, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, As and Fe from water. The surface morphology of
the sorbents, elemental analysis, FTIR, SEM-EDS and BET analysis were performed
and specific surface areas of the sorbents were found as 0.676 m2 g-1
(for SH) and 0.768 m2 g-1 (for SK). The results showed
that surfaces of both sorbents are rough, contains pores that allow to entrap
heavy metals and functional groups such as carboxylic acid, phenolic compounds,
etc. to which the heavy metal ions can attach. While the optimum pH was
determined as 5.0 for all elements in both sorbent systems, the percent removal
of heavy metal increased with increase in initial heavy metal concentration up
to 8 mg L-1 (except cadmium for SH and copper and cadmium for SK).
While optimum sorbent dosage was obtained 10 g L-1 for SH sorbent,
increase of sorbent amount led to a decrease of the percentage of removal for
SK. Adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of adsorption
equilibrium and isotherm constants were evaluated at room temperature (22 ± 2 ◦C). The adsorption
equilibrium data were fitted well to Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich models in
most cases and showed favorable adsorption behavior
Risk factors identifying of lung cancer in the elderly: using deep learning method based on open survey data from 1996 to 2017 (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Songjing , Wu Sizhu
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Lung cancer is one of the most dangerous malignant tumors to human health, which morbidity and mortality are growing fastest, especially in the elderly. With rapid growth of the elderly population in recent years, the lung cancer prevention and control is more and more serious.

OBJECTIVE

The pathogenesis of lung cancer is a complex process involving a variety of risk factors. This study aims at identifying lung cancer risk factors of the elderly using deep learning method.

METHODS

Based on open access data, we integrated multidisciplinary risk factors together, which included behavioral risk factors, disease history factors, environmental factors, demography factors and so on. We conducted data preprocessing work of these integrated data. Then deep neural network (DNN) models were trained of stratified elderly population. Risk factors of different stratification were extracted from these DNN models. Finally, quantitative analysis were conducted to identify risk factors of different groups.

RESULTS

The proposed method identified risk factors quantitatively of lung cancer incidence in different stratified elderly populations. Smoking was the leading cause of lung cancer incidence in the elderly. And men ≥65 years were more sensitive to smoking frequency than women. Cancer history played an important role in the incidence of lung cancer. Lung cancer incidence decreased more obviously in men than in women with stop smoking, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in elderly men.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates a risk factor identifying method of lung cancer incidence quantitatively in the elderly. We adopt deep neural network method in different stratified populations, which could reflect age and gender disparities. Our findings provide intervention indicators to prevent lung cancer in the elderly, especially in the older men.
Evaluación de la política de transparencia en el Municipio de San Pedro Garza García en el Estado de Nuevo León en México, 2015-2017
Authors: Aguilera Hintelholher Rina Marissa
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo analiza el desempeño de la política de transparencia en el municipio de San Pedro Garza García, situado en el estado de Nuevo León. Este municipio registra uno de los avances más importantes en materia de desempeño institucional en el periodo 2015-2018, debido a que estimula la política de transparencia, no sólo como una forma de acceder a ella, sino para dar formar al ámbito de datos abiertos que lo califican como una entidad comprometida con demandas ciudadanas que plantean no sólo acceder y conocer lo que realiza, sino por la manera en que se evalúa su desempeño
La construcción de la independencia y del poder de la Suprema Corte de Justicia en México. Explicando la Reforma Judicial de 1994
Authors: Cortez Salinas Josafat , Salazar Rebolledo Grisel
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo responde a la pregunta clásica sobre los factores que llevan a construir Cortes independientes y poderosas para intervenir en la vida pública. A diferencia de las variables independientes utilizadas por la literatura: incertidumbre electoral, la composición de la coalición de reforma y la búsqueda de la legitimidad, este trabajo sostiene que la reforma judicial en México de 1994 se explica por los recursos de los actores en el proceso de negociación. Para comprobar este argumento, se toman como referentes empíricos las huellas de los procesos
de negociación disponibles en la publicación del Diario de los Debates que documentaron el proceso de reforma
OPTIMAL TRAJECTORIES TO KUIPER BELT OBJECTS
Authors: Sanchez D. M. , Sukhanov A. A. , Prado A. F. B. A.
Published: June 2019

The present paper searches for transfers from the Earth to three of the Kuiper Belt Objects (KBO): Haumea, Makemake, and Quaoar. These trajectories are obtained considering different possibilities of intermediate planet gravity assists. The model is based on the “patched-conics” approach. The best trajectories are found by searching for the minimum total ∆V transfer for a given launch window, inside the 2023-2034 interval, and disregarding the ∆V required for the capture at the target object. The results show transfers with duration below 20 years that spend a total ∆ V under 10 km/s. There is also one trajectory for each of the KBOs with ∆V under 10 km/s and duration below 10 years, using the Jupiter swingby. For the 20-year trajectories, there are also asteroids in the main belt that could be encountered with low additional ∆V , so increasing the scientific return of the mission.
THE HH34 JET/COUNTERJET SYSTEM AT 1.5 AND 4.5μm
Authors: Raga A. C. , Reipurth B. , Noriega-Crespo A.
Published: June 2019

We present a (previously unpublished) 1.5µm archival HST image of the HH 34 Herbig-Haro jet, in which the northern counterjet is seen at an unprecedented angular resolution of ≈ 0.1′′ (this counterjet had only been imaged previously at lower resolution with Spitzer). The jet/counterjet structure observed in this image shows evidence of low-amplitude, point-symmetric deviations from the outflow axis, indicating the presence of a precession in the ejection direction. We use the ratios between the 1.5 and 4.5 µm intensities of the emitting knots (from the HST image and from a previously published 4.5 µm Spitzer image) to obtain an estimate of the spatial dependence of the optical extinction to the HH 34 jet/counterjet system. We find evidence for extinction from a central, dense core surrounding the outflow source and from a more extended region in the foreground of the HH 34 counterjet.
المدخل الاتصالي في تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها
Authors: Ediyani Muhammad
Published: June 2019

تعتبر اللغة من أهم المعايير التي تقاس بها فاعلية الأمم في مضمار التقدم والحضارة والتأثير والتأثر، ووظيفة الاتصال إحدى أهم وظائف اللغة ذات الطابع الاجتماعي فهي تمثل علاقة اللغة والمجتمع وعلاقة الفرد بالمجتمع من خلال اللغة، فاللغة هي أداة المرء في الاتصال بأفراد المجتمع. وخصائص المدخل الاتصالي من حيث المفاهيم اللغوية  إنها نظام للتعبير عن المعنى، والوظيفة الأولى للغة هي تحقيق التفاعل. والخصائص من حيث طبيعة تعليم اللغة وتعلمها قدرة الفرد على تحليل أشكال الحديث والكتابة وفهم السياق الاجتماعي الذي يتم من خلاله الاتصال بما في ذلك العلاقات التي تربط بين الأدوات الاجتماعية المختلفة والقدرة على تبادل المعلومات والمشاركة الاجتماعية بين الفرد والآخرين.
SIBREH البطاقة المقطعة الملونة واستخدامها لترقية قدرة الطلبة على الموازنة بين الجمل الاسمية والفعلية بالمدرسة الثانوية الاسلامية
Authors: Qusaiyen Qusaiyen , Azmi Khairul
Published: June 2019

إن الموضوع لهذا البحث هو:"البطاقة المقطعة الملونة واستخدامها لترقية قدرة الطلبة على الموازنة بين الجمل الاسمية والفعلية بالمدرسة الثانوية الاسلامية الحكومية MAN ". وقد إختار الباحث هذا الموضوع لأن الطلبة في المدرسة الثانوية الاسلامية الحكومية MAN  يتعلمون درس اللغة العربية ويمارسون ويحفظون ذلك الدرس في فصولهم, ولكن أكثرهم لم يقدروا على سيطرة ذلك الدرس جيدا خاصة فى الموضوع الجملة الاسمية والجملة الفعلية. ولذلك، أراد الباحث أن يقدم علاجا لهذه المشكلة, فجرّب الباحث أن يستعمل بالوسائل التعليمية فهي البطاقة المقطعة الملونة. وأما أهداف البحث فهو معرفة قدرة الطلبة باستخدام البطاقة المقطعة الملونة وتطبيقها لترقية قدرة الطلبة على الموازنة بين الجمل الاسمية والفعلية. وأما منهج البحث فهو البحث التجريبي بالتصميمات. وأدوات البحث فهي الاختبار والملاحظة. فالعينة في هذا البحث هو الطلبة صف الثاني.ب وصف الثاني.ج عددهم 56 طالبا. وأما نتائج البحث فهي البطاقة المقطعة الملونة واستخدامها لترقية قدرة الطلبة على الموازنة بين الجمل الاسمية والفعلية. وقد عرف الباحث على نتيجة الاختبار القبلي ونتيجة الاختبار البعدي. ويكون مقبولا، لأن النتيجة “ttest”  أكبر من النتيجة “ttable” هي (1,00<1,86).
(نحو الإبداعية في إعداد البيئة اللغوية الفاعلة بإندونيسيا (تجارب المعاهد العصرية والنوادي العربية والجامعات
Authors: Rosyad Sabil
Published: June 2019

Quality upgrading needed in repairing Arabic learning, either in the system, curriculum, process and evaluation. One of the reconstruction efforts was to create language environment, because it is considered effective to increase language skills. The existence of Arabic environment becomes very important because always be present to surrounds and offers nuance of learning Arabic. Furthermore the language is a communal social product not an individual in person, till someone grow and absorb the language rules specified in their communities through learning or imitating. Therefore the creation of good language environment, true and conducive will have a big influence in mastering of Arabic language. Caused by the importance of language environment itself, the author discuss about theory of language acquisition and learning, some strategies for creating of conducive environment, procedure as well as media of language environment development, supporting and inhibiting factors.
Soğuk şartlarda (4±1ᵒC) Depolanan Gümüşi Havuz Balığı (Carassius gibelio)’nda Meydana Gelen Kalite Değişimleri ve Aşamalı Çoklu Regresyon Yöntemine Göre Raf Ömrü Tahmin Modelinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: Genç İsmail Yüksel , Diler Abdullah
Published: June 2019

Bu
çalışmanın amacı soğuk şartlar altında depolanan Carassius gibelio’da depolama zamanı ve mikrobiyolojik, kimyasal ve
duyusal verilere dayanarak aşamalı çoklu regresyon yöntemine göre bir raf ömrü
tahmin modeli geliştirmektir. Avcılık yöntemi ile elde edilen C.gibelio bütün olarak soğuk şartlar
altında satış ortamını simüle ederek 11 gün boyunca depolanmıştır. Örnekler
depolama süresi boyunca Toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri (TMAB), toplam
psikrofilik aerobik bakteri (TPAB), Enterobacteriaceae, Laktik Asit Bakterileri
(LAB), pH, koku, renk, tekstür ve genel beğeni açsından değerlendirilmişlerdir.
Araştırma sonuçları bütün olarak depolanan C.gibelio’nun
soğuk şartlar altında 11 gün raf ömrüne sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Aşamalı
çoklu regresyon modeline göre sadece 2 parametre (genel beğeni ve TMAB)
kullanılarak depolama zamanının tahmininin yapılabileceği gösterilmiştir.
Bununla birlikte, F istatistiklerine göre modelin kullanılabilir olduğu araştırma
sonuçlarına göre rapor edilmiştir.
Fitotoxicidad de compost producido con cultivos de microorganismos de montaña y lodos digeridos de biodigestor
Authors: Camacho Céspedes Fabricio , Uribe Lorío Lidieth , Newcomer Quint , Masters Karen , Kinyua Maureen
Published: June 2019

Introducción: la calidad del compost puede ser ajustada a través de la incorporación de agentes optimizadores. La selección de los agentes debe hacerse en forma cuidadosa para efectos de garantizar la seguridad del compost maduro. Las pruebas de fitotoxicidad son un mecanismo económico, rápido y confiable para detectar en el compost la presencia de sustancias tóxicas inhibidoras de la germinación y el crecimiento de cultivos. Objetivo: evaluar la fitotoxicidad de los microorganismos de montaña y los lodos de biodigestor como agentes optimizadores del compost. Métodos: bioensayo de germinación y crecimiento de semillas de pepino (Cucumis sativus) utilizando un arreglo de bloques completamente aleatorizados. Resultados: el empleo individual de estos agentes, no tiene un efecto inhibidor en la germinación y el crecimiento del pepino, por lo que pueden ser considerados como materiales seguros para la optimización de la calidad del compost. Sin embargo, la incorporación simultánea de ambos agentes en la producción de este abono orgánico provocó una disminución significativa en la germinación y el crecimiento inicial del pepino. Este resultado podría explicarse por el efecto fitotóxico que ejerce el exceso de Zinc y Boro detectado en el compost que combina ambos materiales. Conclusión: recomendamos utilizar este compost con precaución y llevar a cabo otras pruebas de crecimiento para identificar si la fitotoxicidad observada se mantiene sobre otros cultivos y sobre otras etapas de desarrollo más avanzadas a la germinación y el crecimiento inicial.
La plaga de langostas y su relación con el Mega Niño de 1877-1878 en Costa Rica
Authors: Díaz Bolaños Ronald Eduardo , Alfaro Martínez Eric J. , Leitón Gutiérrez Leninger
Published: June 2019

Introducción: las plagas de langostas se han registrado durante miles de años y fueron temidas por muchas sociedades. Objetivo: evaluar si las langostas que afectaron a Costa Rica en el siglo XIX estaban relacionadas con el Mega Niño de 1877-1878. Métodos: verificamos los archivos en el Congreso, Gobierno, Municipios y Policía de Costa Rica. Resultados: Guanacaste reportó nubes de langostas en junio de 1876 y en los meses siguientes los informes se extendieron a gran parte del país (en menor medida en Limón). La plaga afectó principalmente al Corredor Seco Centroamericano (CSC) cuando el Mega-Niño se estaba desarrollando. Conclusión: los datos meteorológicos apoyan la hipótesis de que las condiciones generadas por el Mega Niño favorecieron la propagación de langostas que dañaron significativamente la agricultura. La plaga fue combatida por el ejército y, con oraciones, por la iglesia, hasta que se trasladó a Colombia.
Estimación de la abundancia de Caiman crocodilus (Crocodilia: Alligatoridae) en Caño Negro, Costa Rica, utilizando el modelo N-mixture
Authors: Aranda-Coello J. Manuel
Published: June 2019

El tamaño (N) de las poblaciones de cocodrilos rara vez se puede determinar con precisión. Objetivo: comparar la abundancia con recuentos repetidos espacialmente, con el Modelo de N-mezclas y con el Método Messel, usando una población costarricense. Métodos: conté caimanes por la noche a lo largo de 21km del río Frío (Betel-Boga Sabogal). Dividí el tramo en 32 segmentos (500m) separados 200m entre sí. Resultado: el modelo N-mezclas produjo una estimación de 2 162 individuos y el Messel 373. Conclusión: los recuentos repetidos espacialmente y analizados con el modelo N-mezclas, parecen proporcionar datos más confiables.
Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada aplicado al territorio indígena agrícola de Kashaama, Venezuela
Authors: Orlando Olivares Barlin , López-Beltrán Miguel Armando
Published: June 2019

Introducción: el análisis multi-temporal de imágenes satelitales ayuda a monitorear la evolución de las comunidades de plantas y cultivos agrícolas, especialmente en áreas vulnerables. Objetivo: analizar el comportamiento del Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI por sus siglas en inglés) en la comunidad agrícola indígena de Kashaama, Venezuela, durante el período 2012-2013. Métodos: los datos utilizados fueron el MOD13Q1 del sensor MODIS, que incluye ese índice. Resultado: el comportamiento promedio del NDVI está directamente asociado con las principales características fisiográficas y climáticas de la región. Conclusión: el método facilitó la elaboración de mapas que, junto con el tratamiento computarizado de las imágenes de satélite, discriminan de manera confiable los tipos de vegetación y sus estados, por ejemplo, sabana cultivada versus natural.
A Report to the Members
Authors: Choate Robert A. , Ernst Karl D.
Published: June 2019

At The recent meeting of the Executive Committee of the MENC, which was held in Washington, D.C., in May, the annual report on the Status of the MENC was presented and accepted. The report was then mailed to the Board of Directors. Copies of the report have been made available for presentation and discussion at the Leadership and Planning Conferences of the MENC Divisions being held prior to the 1955 spring meetings of the Divisions.

In the opinion of the president of the Conference and the chairman of the Editorial Board of the Music Educators Journal, this report should properly reach all members of the Conference, and it is therefore timely to print it in the Season Preview Issue of the Journal. The report is intended to present an overview of the organization from several standpoints and is organized in four major categories: (1) The Status of MENC Services; (2) the Status of MENC Membership; (3) The Status of MENC Auxiliaries, State Units, Associated Organizations, and other Official Groups; (4) The Status of MENC Publications.
Importance of Treatment Status in Links Between Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: McIntosh Elissa C. , Nation Daniel A. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

To investigate relationships among type 2 diabetes treatment, Alzheimer’s disease(AD) biomarkers, and risk for dementia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants were from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (N = 1,289) and were dementia-free at baseline and underwent health assessment, cognitive testing, and MRI. A subset (n = 900) obtained a lumbar puncture to determine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau (p-tau), total tau (t-tau), and β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42). Participants were grouped by fasting blood glucose and medication history: euglycemia (EU), prediabetes (PD), untreated diabetes (UD), and treated diabetes (TD). Relationships were investigated between treatment status and CSF biomarkers and risk for dementia.

RESULTS

The UD group displayed greater p-tau, t-tau, and p-tau/Aβ1-42 levels than the EU, PD, and TD groups (P values <0.05) and higher t-tau/Aβ1-42 than the EU and PD groups (P values <0.05). The UD group progressed to dementia at higher rates than the EU group (hazard ratio 1.602 [95% CI 1.057–2.429]; P = 0.026).

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment status may alter the relationship between type 2 diabetes and both AD biomarker profile and risk for dementia. UD is associated with elevated tau pathology and risk for dementia, whereas TD is not. Although this study is observational and therefore causality cannot be inferred, findings support the potential importance of treatment status in AD risk associated with type 2 diabetes.
Nutrición enteral temprana con inmunonutrientes en pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico en la unidad de cuidados intensivos
Authors: Ponce y Ponce de León Gisela , Mayagoitia Witrón José de Jesús , Cornejo Bravo José Manuel , Pérez Morales María Eugenia , Rieke Campoy Ulises , Mayagoitia Ponce Alejandro
Published: June 2019

El traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) es la tercera causa de muerte en México dentro de la categoría de muertes violentas y accidentes, por lo que se considera un grave problema de salud pública. Se ha observado un beneficio de la inmunonutrición temprana en pacientes con TCE. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el impacto de la nutrición enteral temprana con inmunonutrientes (NETI) en la morbimortalidad de pacientes con TCE dentro de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital General de Mexicali. Se trata de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes con TCE que ingresaron a la UCI del 1 de agosto de 2016 al 30 de junio de 2017. Se conformaron dos grupos: el grupo de estudio sometido a NETI y un grupo control que fue sometido a nutrición enteral temprana licuada (NETL).

Del total de pacientes, 16 fueron hombres (72.7 %) y 6 mujeres (27.3 %), con una media de edad de 34.7 años. Las principales causas del TCE fueron por atropellamiento y accidente de tránsito (54.6 %). El grupo con NETI, en relación con el grupo control, presentó aumento de peso (t de Student de 23.73; p = 0.001), de proteínas totales (t de Student de 13.40; p = 0.001), de leucocitos (t de Student de 2.05; p = 0.002) y linfocitos al egreso de la UCI (t de Student de 7.09; p = 0.001), con disminución en casos de neumonía (t de Student de 13.78; p = 0.001), infección de vías urinarias (t de Student de 8.07; p = 0.001), días de estancia en la UCI (X2 Spearman -.432; p = 0.05), días sometidos a ventilación mecánica (X2 Spearman -.432; p = 0.05) y de nutrición enteral (X2 Spearman -.425; p = 0.05). La mortalidad fue menor en el grupo de NETI sin reportarse una diferencia significativa.

Los pacientes con TCE que recibieron NETI presentaron una disminución en la incidencia de complicaciones infecciosas, así como respecto al tiempo de estancia intrahospitalaria, gracias a lo cual es posible mejorar en menos tiempo la salud del paciente y a la vez reducir costos debidos a la hospitalización.
Merkezi Isıtma Sistemlerinin Uygulanmasında Yaşanan Sorunların Kat Mülkiyeti Hukuku Açısından Sonuçları
Authors: GÜLER Fatih
Published: June 2019

Kanun koyucu kentleşmenin doğurması muhtemel olumsuzluklarından olan
çevre sorunlarını minimize etmek, kaynakları tasarruflu kullanmak, dışa
bağımlılığı azaltmak ve tüketiciyi korumak gibi amaçlarla belirli büyüklükteki
binalarda merkezi ısıtma sistemini zorunlu hale getirmiştir.  Kanun koyucunun beklediği faydaları pratikte
sağlayacak argümanların uygulamasında yaşanan aksaklıklar bağımsız bölüm
kullanıcılarına hukuki sorunlar yumağı olarak dönmektedir. Ferdi ısıtma
sistemlerinde her türlü inisiyatif idareden aldığı izin ve yetkiye dayanarak faaliyet
gösteren uzman bir özel hukuk tüzel kişisinde iken, merkezi ısıtma sistemlerinde
inisiyatifin önemli bir kısmı tüzel kişiliği ve icrai bir yetkisi olmayan yöneticilerde
olması pratikte bir çok sorunu beraberinde getirmektedir. Merkezi ısıtma
sistemini düzenleyen hukuki normlardaki gri alanlar ise bazı durumlarda
hakkaniyete aykırı sonuçlar doğurmaktadır
Pembelajaran Double Loop Problem Solving Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis
Authors: Pratama Oktavia Irma , Suherman Suherman
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning models Double Loop Problem Solving (DLPS) to the ability problem solvimg mathematical students. This research was a quantitative research type of quasi experiment. The sampling technique that used was random class technique. The sampel in this research was the VII B grade as a experimental class and the VII E grade as a control class. Data analysis technique of this research was normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis test by using one-party t-test. Based on the result of t-test analysis of one party with significant level 5% with description , So the result of the research can be concluded that there was influence of learning models Double Loop Problem Solving (DLPS) to the ability problem solving of mathematically.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Gamifikasi pada Materi Himpunan
Authors: Wirawan Yosi Marenda , Putra Rizki Wahyu Yunian
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study is to know whether the development of teaching materials gamification for seventh-grade students is feasible and interesting for use in junior high school. The subjects of the experiment were seventh-grade students at SMP Bandar Lampung. This research method is Research and Development (R&D), which a using Borg and Gall development model. The results of the assessment are: the expert assessment of the material giving a scored with an average percentage of 76% is categorized as highly feasible, the media or design experts scored with an average percentage of 71% categorized as feasible and the linguist gave a score with an average percentage of 69% categorized as feasible. In small group trials, an average of 3,6 was obtained with very attractive and feasible categories. In the field trial, it was found that the average of 3,4 was obtained with very attractive and feasible categories and the teacher's response to the materials gamifikasi, it was found that the average of 3,3 was obtained with very attractive and feasible categorized. So it can be concluded that the gamification teaching materials on the are categorized very attractive and feasible for use in mathematics learning in junior high school.
Penjenjangan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Berdasarkan Teori Bloom Ditinjau Dari Kecerdasan Multiple Intelligences
Authors: Mujib Mujib
Published: June 2019

This study aims to see how the mathematical model of critical thinking skills is based on Bloom theory in terms of Multiple Intelligences intelligence, namely Students have Linguistic Intelligences, Logical-Mathematical and Spatial Intelligence Intelligence. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Subjects taken in this study were using purpose sampling techniques. Data collection techniques used are tests, questionnaires, observation and interviews. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. Each Multiple Intelligences intelligence is capable of observing, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. Based on the tests and interviews the characteristics seen are at the stage of observing, understanding and applying. Not able to analyze, evaluate and be creative. Students who have a tendency to Linguistic Intelligence Intelligence processes the process of critical thinking mathematically has the stages of Lower Order Thinking (LOT). Students who have Spatial Intelligence Intelligence stages of critical thinking skills are mathematical, namely at the stage of observing, understanding, applying analysis and evaluation. At the stage of creation, the characteristics of students are not able. Students who have a tendency for Spatial Intelligence intelligence in the process of mathematical critical thinking skills at the level of Middle Order Thinking (MOT). Students who have the type of Logical-mathematical Intelligence Intelligence stage of critical thinking ability that is the stage of observing, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and developing. Students who have the type of Logical-mathematical Intelligence tendencies in the process of mathematical critical thinking abilities at the stages of Higher Order Thinking (HOT).
Analisis Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis : Dampak Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terintegrasi Learning Start With A Question
Authors: Setiaji Fahkur , Suherman Suherman
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the discovery learning model integrated learning start with a question of mathematical communication skills. This research is a quantitative research with a type of quasi experiment. The sampling technique in this study is the random sampling technique. Data collected through interview observation and test. The data analysis technique used is the uncorrelated t test. Based on the results of research and data processing, it was found that there was an influence of discovery learning integrated learning model start with a question and discovery learning learning model on mathematical communication skills. Furthermore, mathematical communication of students by using the discovery learning model integrated learning start with a question is better than mathematical communication of students using discovery learning learning models.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematika
Authors: Mahendra As'ari Eka , Caswita Caswita , Bharata Haninda
Published: June 2019

This development research aims to develop a problem based learning based worksheet to improve students' mathematical reasoning abilities. This study begins with a preliminary study (needs analysis), preparation of student worksheets, validation of student worksheets, initial field trials, and field tests. The subjects of this study were students of class XI MIA2 MA Ma'arif NU 05 Sekampung Lampung Timur. The results of the preliminary study indicate the need to develop problem based learning based worksheets. Preparation of student worksheets begins with drawing up a design and all its components based on the drafting guide. The results of the validation show that LKPD has met the standards of eligibility for content and design. The results of the initial field trials indicate that the student worksheet is included in the good category. The results of field tests show that students' mathematical reasoning aspects are quite good because more than 75% of students have fulfilled the minimum completeness criteria.
Membangun Self-Confidence Siswa melalui Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Andayani Meri , Amir Zubaidah
Published: June 2019

Self-confidence is an important aspect of personality in a person. Self confidence is an attitude or feeling of confidence in one's own abilities so that the person concerned is not too anxious in his actions, can feel free to do things he likes, and is responsible for his actions, warm and polite in interacting with others, have an urge to excel and recognize their strengths and weaknesses. Mathematics learning is one of learning that can generate students' self confidence attitudes, so that it can improve achievement and learning outcomes in school.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS DALAM PEMBERIAN KONSESI HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI DI PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Zainal Zainal
Published: June 2019

Abstrak Pemberian konsesi hutan tanaman industri di Provinsi Riau tidak hanya melibatkan aktor lokal namun juga melibatkan aktor internasional.Perusahaan swasta seperti PT. RAPP merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang memiliki konsesi hutan tanaman industri terluas di Provinsi Riau saat ini, perusahaan tersebut dan beberapa perusahaan lainnya sudah memiliki konsesi hutan tanaman industri sekitar 2,1 juta hekter di Provinsi Riau.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kebijakan sektor kehutanan kewenangan sepenuhnya menjadi milik Pemerintah Pusat,Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi hanya memiliki kewenangan pada tataran pemberian rekomendasi dan rekomendasi tersebut boleh dugunakan dan boleh juga tidak digunakan oleh Pemerintah Pusat sebagai pertimbangan dalam pemberian konsesi, untuk tingkatan Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah kewenangan sektor kehutanan sudah dicabut dan bahkan dinas kehutanan sudah ditiadakan.Sehingga pada sektor kehutanan kebijakan pemerintah saat dapat disimpulkan kembali menjadi sentralistik. Secara teori intergovernmental relations yang digagas oleh Wrigh (1998) belum mampu menyentuh seluruh aktor yang terlibat dalam pemberian konsesi oleh karena itu diperkuat dengan teori intergovernmental relations yang digagas oleh Jones dan Royles (2012) yang menambahkan international actor sebagai salah satu dimensinya.
Gender Identity in Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby
Authors: Nefnouf Ahmed Seif Eddine
Published: June 2019

In this paper, I am going to conduct a feminist reading of Tar Baby by using feminist theory. We are going to look at the issues of gender identity according to feminist’s ideologies and principles in term of oppression against black in general and black women specifically. In addition to that, we are going to use one of the main principles of feminism, which is the patriarchy system between gender and origin. This analysis based on the actions, thoughts and behaviors of the major characters in Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby to gain their identity, also to understand the nature of gender inequality and examining women's social roles, experience and interests
Interaction between Transnational Corporations and the State When Implementing Foreign Economic Policy
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Slobodyan Roman Andreevich
Published: June 2019

International political relations are becoming more economical today. The growing interdependence of world politics and economy makes it possible to use the interdisciplinary approach to study the relation-ship among the actors while implementing state foreign economic policy. Transnational corpora-tions play an important role in promoting and pro-tecting national interests, and the efficiency of the foreign economic policy mechanism depends on the form and effectiveness of coopera-tion among the actors. The paper examines the basics of the interaction of transnational corpo-rations with the state within the framework of state foreign economic policy in the international arena. Based on the analysis of official documents, expert opinions, and scientific publications on this issue, the cooperation among the actors is con-sidered from the perspective of international political economy. The institutional mechanism of the foreign economic policy of the Russian Federa-tion is shown on the novel graph.
Concerning the Emergence of Pledge in Ancient Rus
Authors:   Odintsovo branch, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Blinova Margarita Aleksandrovna
Published: June 2019

The study discusses the emergence of the legal relationship between pledgors and pledgees in Rus-sia in the ancient period. Currently, pledge is a common type of debt security. For example, the mortgage lending market is the dynamically de-veloping sector in modern Russia. The Russian pledge has evolved from personal bondage into security over both movable and immovable property. While developing, the institution of relationship be-tween pledgors and pledgees faced the difficulties in the procedure of transaction, the conditions of its validity. The ancient Russian legislation tried to overcome them with the help of legal techniques available in the period under considera-tion. Although there are many pre-revolutionary his-torical legal studies on the pledge, the origin and development of this category in Ancient Rus are of considerable interest to the scientific commu-nity. At the same time, modern science has the op-portunity to attract a wider range of historical sources, in particular birchbark letters, which makes it possible to broaden the concept of legal relationship between pledgors and pledgees in An-cient Rus.
PEMBENTUKAN IDENTITAS BUDAYA REMAJA DARI KELUARGA PERNIKAHAN BEDA BUDAYA
Authors: Dewi Yulia Citra , Widyowati Weny
Published: June 2019

Pernikahan antar pasangan yang berbeda budaya dapat melahirkan keluarga dengan budaya yang berbeda.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pembentukan identitas budaya remaja dan pemilihan bahasa remaja dari keluarga pernikahan beda budaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, dan wawancara mendalam dengan tujuh orang subjek penelitian dilengkapi dengan studi dokumentasi dan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa lingkungan di mana seseorang tinggal mempengaruhi pembentukan identitas budayanya. Proses pembentukan identitas budaya informan yang pernah menetap di lingkungan salah satu budayanya menunjukkan perbedaan dengan informan yang pernah menetap di kedua lingkungan budaya serta informan yang tidak pernah menetap di lingkungan kedua kebudayaannya. Sedangkan perkembangan bahasa anak dipengaruhi oleh komunikasi dalam keluarga dan dalam lingkungan dimana anak tersebut berinteraksi.Simpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa kebudayaan dipelajari dan diajarkan ketika manusia berada dalam lingkungan budaya dan beriteraksi dengan orang-orang dari dalam lingkungan kebudayaannya. Jadi identitas budaya dan perkembangan bahasa dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan tempat seseorang tinggal.