bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A protocol for error prevention and quality control in camera trap datasets
Authors: Silva‐Rodríguez Eduardo A. , Cortés Esteban I. , Vasquez‐Ibarra Viviana , Gálvez Nicolás , Cusack Jeremy , Ohrens Omar , Moreira‐Arce Darío , Farías Ariel A. , Infante‐Varela José
Published: February 2025

Camera traps are a mainstream methodology in applied ecology, but surprisingly there are no widely accepted protocols to ensure the quality of the data obtained from these devices.

We reviewed a sample of 147 articles from the recent camera‐trapping literature and found that only 4.8% report a measure of quality control.

We propose a framework to process media files obtained from camera traps that minimises errors by adopting a series of systematic procedures. Before classification, the focus is on detecting camera malfunctions, correcting storage and programming errors and establishing clear exclusion criteria. Classification can follow different approaches, including single or double human‐eye review, which can be supported by artificial intelligence.

The protocol is followed by quality control procedures that enable users to determine whether a dataset meets quality standards and is ready to be analysed, or if further revision is needed.

Synthesis and applications: The proposed protocol introduces quality control as a key component of camera trap data processing, thus reducing error rates and making the reporting process more transparent. These principles also apply to other methods, such as autonomous sound‐recording units. We suggest that by adopting formal quality control procedures, applied ecology will be able to capitalise the many advantages brought by new technologies and data processing tools.
HPWPs, Creativity, and Innovative Performance: Moderating Role of Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Babar Sumbal , Yasmeen Aiza , Rehman Wali ur
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the effect of high‐performance work practices (HPWP) on innovation performance in the SME context, in particular how creativity and knowledge sharing support this linkage. The study draws on social cognitive theory and the ability, motivation, and opportunity (AMO) framework to outline a moderated mediation model of creativity and knowledge sharing unpacking the critical, but underexplored, link between HPWP and employee innovation performance in SMEs. Hypotheses are tested through time‐lagged (T1 and T2), multisource (dyadic, i.e., 269 sample including employees and managers) data from SMEs in Pakistan. The findings provide support for the hypothesized moderated mediation relationships including that creativity mediates the positive association between HPWP and employee innovation performance, and that knowledge sharing acts as a key moderator. These findings provide important guidelines for SMEs seeking to innovate for the future, highlighting not just the importance of HPWP but significantly how they operate to foster creativity and leverage knowledge sharing behavior.
Enhanced Microglial Engulfment of Dopaminergic Synapses Induces Parkinson's Disease‐Related Executive Dysfunction in an Acute LPC Infusion Targeting the mPFC
Authors: Liu Yehao , Chen Rui , Mu Chunyan , Diao Junjie , Guo Yurong , Yao Xiaoyu , Shi Shijie , Wang Mengying , Zhang Zhi , Qin Xiaoling , Tang Chuanxi
Published: February 2025

The dysfunction of the dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is believed to play a key role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) accompanied by executive dysfunction (EDF). In this study, we identified an abnormal increase in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels in PD patients, which closely correlates with the severity of cognitive impairment. LPC disrupts the miR‐2885/TDP‐43 signaling pathway in microglia, driving dopaminergic presynaptic engulfment. In LPC‐exposed mice, microglial activation via miR‐2885/TDP‐43/p65 signaling led to inflammatory cytokine and complement release, marking dopaminergic synapses for phagocytosis with a “PS/C1q” signal. Following the inhibition of LPC‐induced microglial activation through chemogenetic methods, we observed a significant reduction in the phagocytosis of dopaminergic synapses, resulting in improved executive function. The miR‐2885 disrupted LPC‐induced dopaminergic phagocytosis and alleviated EDF. Furthermore, the accumulation of excessive TDP‐43 due to the loss of miR‐2885 promoted the engulfment of dopaminergic synapses by facilitating the entry of p65 into the nucleus. Inhibiting TDP‐43 levels effectively mitigated LPC‐induced EDF. Additionally, supplementing dopamine receptor agonists enhanced the excitability of regional glutamatergic neurons, leading to improved executive function. In summary, LPC exposure in the mPFC impairs microglial regulation, leading to dopaminergic synaptic loss and underactivity of glutamatergic neurons. These changes drive the development of executive dysfunction in PD.
Negative interest rates, bank capital and lending behaviours
Authors: Dai Zixuan , Xu Lei
Published: February 2025

We examine the impact of negative interest rate policies (NIRP) on the link between the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and bank lending behaviours. Through a sample from 29 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, we find that NIRP improves the marginal effect of CAR on bank lending. Mortgage and corporate loans can both benefit from the building up of CAR after NIRP. Nevertheless, NIRP adversely affects CAR's marginal effect on the lending behaviours of global systemically important banks (G‐SIBs). Moreover, the influence of NIRP is heterogeneous depending on bank‐specific characteristics such as size and capital level.
Using Environmental DNA Sampling for Simultaneous Detection of Hosts and Their Pathogens: A Case Study With the Critically Endangered Frog Genus Atelopus
Authors: Voyles Jamie , Richards‐Zawacki Corinne L. , Byrne Allison Q. , Estrada Angie , Ibáñez Roberto , Rodriguez Keely M. , Goldberg Caren S.
Published: February 2025

Studying declining and rare species is inherently challenging, particularly when the cause of rarity is emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Tracking changes in the distribution of pathogens that cause EIDs, and the species made scarce by them, is necessary for conservation efforts, but it is often a time and resource intensive task. Here, we demonstrate how using environmental DNA (eDNA) to detect rare species—and the pathogens that threaten them—can be a powerful tool to understand disease dynamics and develop effective conservation strategies. Amphibian populations around the world have undergone rapid declines and extinctions due to the emerging fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We developed and validated a qPCR assay using eDNA sampling methods for some of the most imperiled amphibian species, harlequin frogs (Atelopus varius, Atelopus zeteki, and Atelopus chiriquiensis), and applied this assay in concert with a standard qPCR assay for Bd in rainforest streams of Panamá. We confirmed the presence of Atelopus at sampling locations across three regions. In addition, we used genomic analysis of eDNA samples to show that Bd in Panamá falls within the Global Panzootic Lineage, a lineage associated with disease‐induced declines. We detected Bd DNA in most of our historic sites, and its concentration in water samples correlated with stream characteristics and the pathogen load of the local amphibian community. These results suggest that some populations of Atelopus persist in their historic localities. They also show how eDNA analysis can be effectively used for monitoring species presence, pathogen concentrations, and the distribution and spread of pathogen lineages. EIDs are a growing threat to endangered species around the world. Simultaneous detection of rare and declining host species and their pathogens with eDNA will help to provide key insights for effective conservation management.
Comparison of the effects of occlusal splint and Botox injections on the amount of mouth opening and chronic pain in individuals with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: İşisağ Ö , Atasoy H , Yıldız S
Published: February 2025

Objective

This systematic review and meta‐analysis study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of occlusal splint (OS) and Botox (BTX) injections in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

Material and Methods

Irrespective of the starting year, studies were searched for up to 2024 using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus databases and the Google Scholar search engine. In the study, graded chronic pain scale and maximum mouth opening amount parameters were analysed with Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis programme.

Results

Out of 619 studies, only six were included in the meta‐analysis. The effect size was 0.293 in favour of BTX in the studies evaluating the maximum mouth‐opening (MMO) range. However, the amount of MMO did not show a statistically significant difference between the OS and BTX groups (95% CI – 0.383 to 0.969, P = 0.395, z = −0.850). In the subgroup analyses carried out based on the follow‐up periods, it was found that the MMO was statistically significantly higher in the BTX group at the first week and in the OS group at the third month. However, there was no significant difference observed at the first, second, sixth and twelfth month follow‐ups (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found between the groups (P > 0.05) in the publications that evaluated the graded chronic pain scale (GCPS), although an effect size of 0.673 was found in favour of OS (95% CI 0.331 to 1.365, P = 0.272, z = −1.098).

Conclusion

BTX injections and OS applications show significant differences in the MMO of individuals in the early period. In contrast, the MMO of individuals and the GCPS show similar findings in the sixth month and longer follow‐up.
A missense mutation in the KCNE4 gene is not predictive of equine anhidrosis
Authors: van der Graaf Lexie , Leigh Wesley , Szmatoła Tomasz , Roberts Kelsey , Ryan Stephanie , Brown Briana , Van Buren Samantha , Finno Carrie J. , Petersen Jessica L.
Published: February 2025

Anhidrosis is defined as a decreased or absent ability to sweat in response to heat and exercise. In horses, this condition can increase the risk of life‐threatening hyperthermia. A prior study has suggested that equine anhidrosis is associated with a missense variant (rs68643109) in the Potassium Voltage‐Gated Channel Subfamily E Regulatory Subunit 4 (KCNE4) gene. This project aimed to validate this association in a population of well‐phenotyped horses and to determine the allele frequency of this variant in publicly available whole‐genome sequence data. Fifty horses within the University of California Davis Center for Equine Health herd were evaluated for anhidrosis using a series of intradermal terbutaline injections. From existing whole‐genome sequence data, the rs68643109 genotype of each horse was identified. When stimulated with terbutaline, all 50 horses produced sweat. All three genotypes at rs68643109 were present in this population of horses; the allele previously associated with anhidrosis (G) was present at a frequency of 0.72. No statistical difference in total sweat score was found (p = 0.31). In whole‐genome sequences from 820 other horses reported across three prior studies, the alternative (candidate) allele frequency was similarly high, ranging from 0.52 to 0.68. Since all 50 horses tested in our population produced sweat regardless of genotype, and the previously associated allele is present at a high frequency across datasets, these data fail to validate the missense variant within the KCNE4 gene as causative of or contributing to equine anhidrosis.
Severe gamma‐hydroxybutyrate withdrawal with delirium, hemodynamic lability, and rhabdomyolysis: A case series
Authors: Borelli Cara M. , Kessler Newman , Suter Daniel , Levesque Annie
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives

Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) use is clinically important in both the settings of overdose and withdrawal. GHB withdrawal varies in severity, and although mild cases can be managed outpatient, there are a range of presentations that include progression to severe withdrawal that require inpatient hospitalization.

Methods

We report a case series of two patients with severe GHB withdrawal who experienced complications of delirium, hemodynamic lability, and rhabdomyolysis and describe the treatment of these two cases of complex withdrawal.

Results

The first patient was successfully treated with a combination of a benzodiazepine taper and symptom‐triggered benzodiazepines with baclofen as an adjunct. The second patient had more severe symptoms and required intubation with a midazolam infusion, dexmedetomidine infusion, phenobarbital, baclofen, and a combination of a benzodiazepine taper and symptom‐triggered benzodiazepines.

Discussion and Conclusions

This case series highlights the potential complications of GHB withdrawal including delirium, hemodynamic lability, and rhabdomyolysis. Although rare in the United States, those working in addiction should have familiarity with the clinical course and complications of severe GHB withdrawal.

Scientific Significance

As one of the few detailed reports on severe GHB withdrawal and its potential complications, our findings extend the current body of literature by detailing the successful application of a multi‐modal treatment of severe GHB withdrawal.
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Cancer Patients, a Lethal Yet Fully Preventable Disease: Insights From a Tertiary Cancer Center in East India
Authors: Chatterji S. , Franchi V. , Konnakottu A. J. , Das P. , Mukherjee S. , Bhattacharya S. , Chatterjee A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an unrecognized infection in non‐HIV patients, particularly those with solid and hematologic malignancies. These patients experience higher mortality rates. This study aims to describe the incidence, initial characteristics, management, and outcomes of PCP at a tertiary cancer care center.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included all patients who underwent P. jirovecii PCR testing at our center from January 2019 to January 2022. PCP was diagnosed in PCR‐positive patients. Data on demographics, treatment, and outcomes were extracted from medical records. The primary outcomes were ICU admission and 21‐day mortality. Statistical analysis compared PCR‐positive and PCR‐negative patients, with a specific focus on lung cancer patients, and analyzed determinants of 21‐day mortality in PCP patients.

Results

Of the 345 patients suspected of PCP, 54 (15.7%) were diagnosed with PCP. PCP patients were generally older. None of the PCP patients were on prophylaxis, compared to 14.8% of PCR‐negative patients. In lung cancer patients, age and radiotherapy within the past year were significantly associated with a PCP diagnosis. The 21‐day mortality rate among PCP patients was 35.4%. Independent risk factors for mortality included age and hematologic malignancy, while recent chemotherapy and higher neutrophil counts were associated with lower mortality.

Conclusion

PCP is associated with the highest mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies and lung cancer. The findings underscore the importance and efficacy of prophylaxis in at‐risk groups and should raise awareness for the diagnosis of PCP in overlooked populations, such as older cancer patients and those undergoing radiotherapy.
Prevention of Post‐Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Skin of Colour: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mar Kristie , Maazi Mahan , Khalid Bushra , Ahmed Rayan , Wang Ou Jia (Emilie) , Khosravi‐Hafshejani Touraj
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives

Post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) impacts all skin tones with a heightened predilection for Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) III‐VI. Preventative measures include pre‐ and post‐intervention approaches, such as sunscreen and corticosteroids. This systematic review aims to summarise the preventative measure outcomes for skin of colour individuals.

Methods

A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (from 1946) and Embase (from 1974) in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines.

Results

Of 14 studies, 369 cases were included. The mean age was 38 years (n = 293) and 72% were female (n = 265). All patients were of Asian ethnicity, and 42% were of FST III, 54% FST IV, and 4% FST V. Nearly all cases were precipitated by laser therapy (> 95%), and the face was the most reported location (85%). The most successful preventative measure was sunscreen alone or combined with other ingredients. Less successful outcomes were seen with topical corticosteroids and systemic tranexamic acid, while cooling air devices exacerbated the development of PIH.

Conclusion

Overall, only sunscreen consistently prevented the incidence of PIH; however, the severity of the ensuing PIH may be diminished with other measures. There is considerable room for improved preventative strategies for at‐risk populations.
A Guide to Screening for Autoimmune Diseases in Patients With Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: Guttentag Annabel , Wijaya Marlene , Fischer Gayle O. , Lee Angela , Liu Ken , Saunderson Rebecca Bronwyn
Published: February 2025

Background

The aetiology of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) remains unknown. However, there is evidence that in addition to a genetic predisposition, autoimmunity contributes to the pathogenesis.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of autoimmune disease and positive autoantibody serology in patients with VLS.

Methods

A VLS database in Sydney, Australia, was retrospectively reviewed. A diagnosis of VLS was required for inclusion in the study. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities including any personal history of autoimmune disease, family history of autoimmune disease, and the results from autoantibody testing. A total of 2243 females with VLS were included in this study.

Results

Autoimmune disease was found in 24.5% and 34.6% of children and adults with VLS, respectively. The most prevalent autoimmune conditions were psoriasis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, lichen planus, and vitiligo. Antinuclear antibodies were common and found in 31.0% of patients. Thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies were present in 16.1% and 18.9% of cases, respectively. Thyroid function, determined by thyroid stimulating hormone, was abnormal in 8.2% of patients. 5.3% of patients had positive parietal cell antibodies, and 5.9% had low vitamin B12 levels.

Conclusions

This work provides support that VLS is of an autoimmune aetiology, and that there is an association between VLS and autoimmune diseases. The high proportion of patients with an abnormal thyroid test, positive thyroid antibodies, and intrinsic factor and gastric parietal cell antibodies with low vitamin B12 levels, warrants screening for thyroid disease and pernicious anaemia in patients with VLS. Initial autoimmune screening in VLS can be rationalised to TSH, vitamin B12 levels, intrinsic factor and parietal cell antibodies. Thyroid antibodiy testing shouls be performed in hypothyroid patients.
Incidence of postoperative retinal detachment and bacterial endophthalmitis in the Swedish national paediatric cataract register and associated risk factors
Authors: Karatepe Hashas Arzu Seyhan , Linnarsson Wiklund Anna , Gyllén Jenny , Haargaard Birgitte , Magnusson Gunilla , Nyström Alf , Tornqvist Kristina , Trocmé Eric , Kjellström Ulrika
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To investigate the incidence and risk factors of retinal detachment (RD) and bacterial endophthalmitis in a cohort of children who underwent cataract surgery before the age of eight.

Methods

Data was retrieved from the Swedish national paediatric cataract register. All eyes with congenital or infantile cataract that underwent surgery between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2023 with at least one follow‐up were included. Cases associated with trauma, uveitis or RD at surgery were excluded. Parameters that could be important for complications were analysed.

Results

RD was found in seven of 1073 eyes reflecting an incidence of 0.65%. There were no statistically significant differences in age at surgery, presences of intellectual disability or general disease, cataract type, surgical technique, axial length, corneal diameter, previous glaucoma surgery or occurrence of persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), although the frequency of glaucoma surgery and PFV was higher in RD cases; 42.9% versus 13.2% and 57.1% versus 26.0%. Aphakia was significantly more common in RD patients; 71.4% versus 19.3% (p = 0.042), as well secondary glaucoma; 57.1% versus 19.5% (p = 0.032). No cases of endophthalmitis were observed.

Conclusion

The incidence of RD was low compared to previous studies and no endophthalmitis was found. This might be a result of centralized paediatric cataract care with few but experienced surgeons. Aphakia and secondary glaucoma were associated with higher RD risk and those cases should be followed carefully. PFV and glaucoma surgery were found at a higher frequency in RD cases prompting comprehensive postoperative care also for these children.
Evaluation of Measles Cases in a Province in South‐Eastern Turkey Receiving Migration From Syria
Authors: Orhan Özhan , Solmaz Murat , Talay Mehmet Nur
Published: February 2025

Aim

The study aimed to compare the demographic, clinical and vaccination status of measles cases in 2023 in our region receiving migration from Syria and to evaluate the effect of migration on disease dynamics.

Methods

This retrospective study analysed the demographic profiles, clinical features and vaccination status of a total of 98 (67 children born and raised in Turkey [group 1] and 31 children of Syrian origin [group 2]) clinically compatible measles patients presenting to all healthcare institutions in Batman, Turkey, in 2023.

Results

Significant differences were observed between groups in vaccination coverage (90.3% unvaccinated amongst Group 2 vs. 55.2% amongst Group 1, p < 0.001), IgM positivity (87.1% vs. 26.9%, p < 0.001) and hospitalisation rates (38.7% vs.16.4%, p = 0.015). Group 2 exhibited higher prevalence of fever (93.5% vs. 70.1%, p = 0.010) and cough (58.1% vs. 26.9%, p = 0.003) than Group 1.

Conclusion

The study highlights the impact of migration and socio‐economic factors on measles dynamics. Lower vaccination rates amongst Syrian migrants contribute to increased measles incidence and severity. Strengthening vaccination programmes and public health initiatives are crucial for controlling measles outbreaks and improving health outcomes, particularly in vulnerable populations.
A Mutual Interaction Between GSTP1 and p53 Improves the Drug Resistance and Malignant Biology of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wang Guosen , Cao Yi , Hu Tengcheng , Cai Zhengqing , Chen ChuanPing , Geng Qilong , Luo Xinyu , Liu Yang , Wang Weijie , Jin Jiabin , Sheng Weiwei
Published: February 2025

Glutathione S‐transferase P1 (GSTP1), a classic tumor biomarker, plays a controversial role in cancer progression. However, its specific role in pancreatic cancer (PC) has rarely been investigated. In the present study, we investigated the function and relationship between GSTP1 and mutant/wild‐type p53 (mtp53/wtp53) in PC in vitro and in vivo. Compared with paired adjacent normal pancreas tissue, GSTP1 was downregulated in PC tissue, which was closely correlated with lymph node metastasis, Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage, and a better outcome of PC patients, processes dependent on wtp53 rather than mtp53. Moreover, a mutual regulation between GSTP1 and p53 was found in wtp53 PC cells. GSTP1 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and chemotherapy resistance in vitro via wtp53/p21 and Bax/Bcl2 signaling, which was significantly reversed by wtp53 silencing, and vice versa. Similarly, the coordination of GSTP1 and p53 regulated the invasion and migration of PC cells, which was accompanied by changes in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling (E‐cad, ZO‐1 and MMP9). Moreover, GSTP1 overexpression inhibited tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo, as did high wtp53 and low ki67 expression. Interestingly, GSTP1 did not coimmunoprecipitate with either mtp53 or wtp53 in vitro. However, the wtp53 protein, as a transcription factor, could bind to the GSTP1 DNA promoter to transactivate GSTP1 mRNA expression as demonstrated via a Chip assay. Additionally, GSTP1 promoted the translocation of wtp53 into the nucleus but not mtp53. These results suggest that the positive feedback regulation of GSTP1 and wtp53 plays a significant role in cell proliferation, drug resistance, cell invasion and metastasis in PC.
Accuracy of a Novel Robot‐Assisted System and Dynamic Navigation System for Dental Implant Placement: A Clinical Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Jianping , Ding Yude , Cao Ruijue , Zheng Yuchen , Shen Liheng , Wang Linhong , Yang Fan
Published: February 2025

Aim

This clinical retrospective study aimed to compare the deviations in single‐tooth implant placement using novel semi‐autonomous robotic‐assisted surgery system (sa‐RASS) and dynamic navigation system (DNS) methods.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective analysis of medical records from January to December 2023 was conducted to compare the implantation accuracy of the sa‐RASS and DNS in partially edentulous patients using cone‐beam computed tomography. Platform, apex, and angular deviations were measured and analyzed. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to check the data distribution, along with t‐tests or Mann–Whitney U‐tests, where appropriate.

Results

Fifty‐seven patients (57 implants) were analyzed: 29 (29 implants) in the sa‐RASS group and 28 (28 implants) in the DNS group. The comparison of platform, apex, and angular deviation between the sa‐RASS group and DNS group were 0.91 ± 0.46 mm vs. 1.26 ± 0.51 mm (p < 0.001), 1.06 ± 0.60 mm vs. 1.51 ± 0.56 mm (p < 0.001), and 3.07° ± 1.66° vs. 3.71° ± 1.64° (p > 0.05), respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference in the accuracy of different implant regions (premolar, molar, maxilla, and mandible) or implant length (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

In the present study, sa‐RASS implant placement showed better positional accuracy than DNS implant placement in platform and apex deviation, although these improvements in accuracy may have limited clinical relevance, suggesting that the sa‐RASS might be advantageous in dental implant surgery.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR2400085089
Comparison of White Light With Narrow Band Imaging Using Flexible Laryngoscopy for the Detection of Local Recurrences After (Chemo)Radiation for Pharyngeal or Laryngeal Cancer: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Scholman Constanze , Westra Jeroen M. , Zwakenberg Manon A. , Wedman Jan , van der Vegt Bert , Steenbakkers Roel J. H. M. , Oosting Sjoukje F. , Halmos Gyorgy B. , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Plaat Boudewijn E. C.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Early detection of local recurrences in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is crucial for long‐term survival. Aim of this study was to compare white light (WL) imaging with narrow band imaging (NBI) during flexible laryngoscopy for detection of local recurrences and evaluate the effects on clinical outcome in patients with HNSCC treated with radiotherapy ± chemotherapy ((C)RT).

Design

Prospective randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Tertiary head and neck oncologic center.

Participants

257 patients without residual disease after (C)RT were randomised in a WL group (n = 120) or WL‐NBI group (n = 137) and followed for 24 months.

Main Outcome Measures

Local recurrence rate and overall survival, disease‐specific survival, disease‐free survival and local recurrence‐free survival were compared between both groups.

Results

Detection rate of local recurrences was the same in both groups: 11.7% in WL‐NBI and 10.0% in WL (p > 0.05). Overall survival (WL: 88.3%, WL‐NBI: 87.6%), disease‐specific survival (WL: 86.7%, NBI: 83.9%), disease‐free survival (WL: 85.0%, WL‐NBI: 83.2%) and local recurrence‐free survival (WL: 90.0%, WL‐NBI: 89.1%) showed no superiority in the WL‐NBI group (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Local recurrence rates are relatively low in the first 24 months after (C)RT for HNSCC. WL‐NBI did not improve the detection of local recurrences nor the survival compared to WL.

Trial Registration: This randomised clinical trial was registered at the research register UMCG with the number 201500918
PD‐L1 Promotes Immunological Tolerance and Enhances Visual Protection of hESC‐RPE Grafts in Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Li Bowen , Zhang Xue , Fang Yajie , Chen Min , Li Qiyou , Zeng Yuxiao , Ren Chunge , Wang Chengang , Lv Yingxue , Lu Jia , Liu Hongling , Liu Yong
Published: February 2025

Immune rejection is a major barrier to the successful human embryonic stem cell‐derived retinal pigment epithelial (hESC‐RPE) transplantation for age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Traditional strategies to mitigate immune rejection involve ablating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on hESC‐RPE. An alternative approach is immune checkpoint overexpression, avoiding natural killer (NK) cell‐mediated destruction due to MHC‐I deficiency. Our study highlights the benefits of PD‐L1 overexpression without requiring MHC gene deletion, which preserved the immunosuppressive functions of hESC‐RPE on NK cells. In Vivo experiments in retinal degeneration models showed that PD‐L1‐expressing hESC‐RPE grafts exhibited significantly higher survival, reduced apoptosis and enhanced visual protection. Single‐cell transcriptomics revealed reduced immune activation and oxidative stress in PD‐L1‐overexpressing grafts. PD‐L1's protective role was further evidenced by improved light transduction in host photoreceptors. These findings support PD‐L1 overexpression as a promising strategy to improve the efficiency of hESC‐RPE‐based therapy for AMD.
Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in CYP2C19LoF genotype guided clopidogrel against alternative antiplatelets for CAD patients undergoing PCI: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Biswas Mohitosh , Murad Murshadul Alam , Ershadian Maliheh , Kali Most Sumaiya Khatun , Sukasem Chonlaphat
Published: February 2025

Selection of rational antagonists of P2Y12 receptor for CAD patients who inherit CYP2C19 LoF alleles remains still conflicting. This study compared the clinical outcomes in CAD patients inheriting CYP2C19 LoF alleles undergoing PCI and treated with clopidogrel against alternative antagonists of P2Y12 receptor. A thorough literature search was performed across multiple scientific databases following the PRISMA guidelines and PICO model. Setting the statistical significance at p < 0.05 and RevMan software was used to calculate the risk ratios (RRs). Estimation of the pooled analysis revealed a significant 62% increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in CAD patients inheriting CYP2C19 LoF alleles and treated with clopidogrel against those treated with alternative P2Y12 receptor antagonists such as prasugrel or ticagrelor (RR 1.62; 95% CI 1.42–1.86; p < 0.00001). In addition, Asian CAD patients were found at a significantly higher risk of MACE (RR 1.93; 95% CI: 1.49–2.49; p < 0.00001) juxtaposed to CAD patients of other ethnicities (RR 1.51; 95% CI: 1.29–1.78; p < 0.00001). Conversely, between these two treatment groups, taking clopidogrel against prasugrel/ticagrelor, who possess CYP2C19 LoF alleles, no significant differences in bleeding events were observed (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.79–1.11; p = 0.47). CAD patients undergoing PCI who inherited CYP2C19 LoF alleles and treated with clopidogrel were associated with significantly higher risk of MACE against those treated with alternative antagonists of P2Y12 receptor, that is, prasugrel or ticagrelor.
Participant‐Centered Engagement for Sustained Adherence to Smartwatches: A 12‐Month Prospective Decentralized Digital Health Study
Authors: Wilton Angelina R. , Saliba Christina T. , Marrero‐Polanco Jean , Sheffield Katharine , Wilkes Quantia , Anacker Miriam , Croarkin Paul E. , Chauhan Mohit , Dyrbye Liselotte N. , Chesak Sherry , Bobo William V. , Athreya Arjun P.
Published: February 2025

Adherence in digital health studies with extended observation periods (≥ 12 months) is limited, and participant retention considerably reduces with time. The US Food and Drug Administration has issued guidelines for improving participant engagement, adherence, and diversity in digital health studies combined with decentralized procedures. A decentralized digital health study on well‐being was designed with protocolized procedures to study the feasibility of participant engagement and technology support to facilitate adherence (wearing the smartwatch ≥ 70% of time) sustained over a 12‐month period. At the end of the study, participants were asked about their ease of participation and free‐response questions about how wearing the smartwatches impacted their physical wellness. An inductive thematic analysis (ITA) was performed to assess themes of those responses and association with adherence. A total of 298 participants were recruited between 2022 and 2023 (n = 129 in Cohort A in October 22, n = 169 in Cohort B in April 23), with 23% non‐white participants accrued. Among the 298 participants accrued, 273 (92% of accrued participants) completed the 12‐month study with an average overall adherence of 77.4% (SD = 32.64) wear‐time across 12 months. Median adherence of participants whose responses exemplified an ITA theme encompassing perceived behavior changes in sleep and physical activity was higher than those who did not have a response exemplifying that theme. Conversely, those expressing perceived discomfort or intrusiveness of the smartwatch had a statistically lower adherence. These results highlight the crucial roles of technology support and robust engagement efforts to enable sustained adherence over extended follow‐up periods in decentralized digital health studies.
Underpowered studies and exaggerated effects: A replication and re‐evaluation of the magnitude of anchoring effects
Authors: Li Tongzhe , Weigel Collin , Ferraro Paul , Messer Kent D.
Published: February 2025

We reconsider one of the most widely studied behavioral biases: anchoring effects. We estimate that study designs in this literature, including replication studies, routinely fail to achieve statistical power of more than 30%. This study replicates an anchoring study that reported an effect size of a 31% increase in participants' bids. In the replication, we increased the design's statistical power from 46% to 96%, reducing the average exaggeration of a statistically significant result by a factor of seven. Our replication results reject the size of the original estimated effects. We find an estimated effect of 3.4% (95% CI [−3.4%, 10%]).
Sustained Improvement in Health‐Related Quality of Life in Transplant‐Ineligible Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Treated With Daratumumab, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone: MAIA Final Analysis of Patient‐Reported Outcomes
Authors: Perrot Aurore , Facon Thierry , Plesner Torben , Usmani Saad Z. , Kumar Shaji , Bahlis Nizar J. , Hulin Cyrille , Orlowski Robert Z. , Nahi Hareth , Mollee Peter , Ramasamy Karthik , Roussel Murielle , Jaccard Arnaud , Delforge Michel , Karlin Lionel , Arnulf Bertrand , Chari Ajai , Wang George , Gupta‐Werner Niodita , Kaila Shuchita , Pei Huiling , Matt Kathryn , Gries Katharine S. , Carson Robin , Borgsten Fredrik , Weisel Katja
Published: February 2025

Objectives

This final post hoc analysis evaluated patient‐reported outcomes from the Phase 3 MAIA study of daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (D‐Rd) versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) after median 64.5‐month follow‐up in transplant‐ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), including patient subgroups.

Methods

Key scales from the EORTC QLQ‐C30 (global health status [GHS], physical functioning, pain, and fatigue) were assessed. Scores were evaluated every 3 months for 1 year, then every 6 months until disease progression.

Results

The intent‐to‐treat population (n = 737) included 46.3% frail, 35.4% 70 to < 75 years old, and 43.6% ≥ 75 years old. D‐Rd‐treated patients showed improvements from baseline that were sustained over 5 years in the intent‐to‐treat population and across subgroups by age, frailty, and bone lesions. Greater proportions of patients treated with D‐Rd versus Rd achieved minimally important changes for improvement at cycle 36 (year ~3) in GHS (odds ratio, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.16–2.91]), physical functioning (1.93 [1.18–3.14]), pain (1.41 [0.90–2.22]), and fatigue (2.00 [1.24–3.23]). Greater proportions of patients with bone lesions improved with D‐Rd versus Rd on GHS and physical functioning.

Conclusions

In transplant‐ineligible patients with NDMM, D‐Rd improved health‐related quality of life over a 5‐year period versus Rd.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02252172
RNA Sequencing Reveals the Long Non‐Coding RNA Signature in Psoriasis Keratinocytes and Identifies CYDAER as a Long Non‐Coding RNA Regulating Epidermal Differentiation
Authors: Freisenhausen Jan Cedric , Luo Longlong , Kelemen Evelyn , Elton Jonathan , Skoog Viktor , Pivarcsi Andor , Sonkoly Enikö
Published: February 2025

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease determined by genetic and environmental factors, resulting in the activation of IL‐23/IL‐17‐mediated immune response, epidermal hyperproliferation, and keratinocyte activation. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non‐protein‐coding transcripts > 500 nucleotides with diverse regulatory functions; their role in epidermal dysfunction in psoriasis is poorly understood. To identify epidermal transcripts with potential roles in psoriasis, including lncRNAs, we performed RNA sequencing on keratinocytes from psoriasis and healthy skin. We identified 889 differentially expressed lncRNAs, many of which with yet unknown functions. RP11‐295G20.2 was identified as a lncRNA significantly induced in psoriasis keratinocytes, and this was verified by qRT‐PCR and by single‐molecule in situ hybridisation. Analysis of subcellular fractions of epidermis revealed a cytoplasmic localisation in line with results of single molecule in situ hybridisation. We report that RP11‐295G20.2 has a skin‐enriched expression, and within skin it is mainly expressed in suprabasal epidermal layers. Moreover, RP11‐295G20.2 is induced by the key psoriasis cytokine IL‐17A and shows a dynamic regulation during keratinocyte differentiation with upregulation during early differentiation and downregulation in the late stage. Knockdown of RP11‐295G20.2 in keratinocytes promotes terminal differentiation. Based on our findings, we named RP11‐295G20.2 Cytoplasmic Differentiation‐Associated Epidermal RNA, CYDAER. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive characterisation of the non‐coding RNA landscape of psoriasis keratinocytes and identifies CYDAER as a skin‐enriched lncRNA regulating keratinocyte differentiation. Our data suggest that overexpression of CYDAER may contribute to altered differentiation in psoriatic epidermis.
Kinesin‐like protein KIF18A is required for faithful coordination of chromosome congression with cytokinesis
Authors: Lee Su Hyun , Kwon Mi‐Sun , Lee Taerim , Hohng Sungchul , Lee Hyunsook
Published: February 2025

The maintenance of genetic integrity in proliferating cells requires the coordinated regulation of DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and cytokinetic abscission. Chromosome‐microtubule interactions regulate mitosis, while interactions between the actin cytoskeleton and Myosin IIA dictate cytokinetic abscission. This process, crucial for the equal distribution of the duplicated genome into two daughter cells, occurs perpendicular to the axis of chromosome segregation. However, the mechanism of how microtubule‐driven mitosis and actin‐associated cytokinesis are precisely coordinated remains poorly understood. This study highlights the role of KIF18A, a kinesin‐like protein, in linking kinetochore‐microtubule dynamics to cytokinetic axis formation. KIF18A's localization changes through the cell division cycle, from the metaphase plate during chromosome congression to the central spindle in late anaphase, and finally to the spindle midbody in telophase. KIF18A depletion leads to chromosome congression failures and anaphase onset delays. Notably, cells attempting to undergo division in the absence of KIF18A exhibited disruptions in the parallel structure of the central spindle, causing mislocalization of the centralspindlin complex, such as kinesin‐like protein KIF23 (also known as MKLP1) and Rac GTPase‐activating protein 1 (RACGAP1). These disruptions impair cleavage furrow establishment, causing incomplete cytokinesis and the formation of mononuclear or binucleated cells. Our findings suggest that KIF18A is crucial for coordinating chromosome congression and cytokinesis by regulating the spatial and temporal assembly of the central spindle during late anaphase.
Global‐Scale Analysis Reveals Importance of Environment and Species Traits in Spatial Patterns of Riparian Plants' Genetic Diversity
Authors: Surmacz Bartłomiej , Rodríguez González Patricia María , Jansson Roland , Suchan Tomasz , Pielech Remigiusz
Published: February 2025

Aim

In riparian zones along rivers, plant demography is shaped by hydrologic disturbances, the dendritic structure of the river networks, and asymmetric gene flow due to the prevalence of unidirectional dispersal by hydrochory. Downstream‐biased dispersal may lead to the accumulation of genetic diversity in populations situated lower within the catchment area—a phenomenon referred to as ‘downstream increase in intraspecific genetic diversity’ (DIGD). Our study aimed to test if the presence of this pattern in riparian plants depends on the species traits, sampling design and ecosystem integrity.

Location

Riparian zones along rivers worldwide.

Time Period

1978–2023.

Major Taxa Studied

Vascular plants.

Methods

We conducted meta‐analysis of population genetic studies on riparian plants to identify the factors linked to the occurrence of the DIGD pattern. We modelled the correlation between position along rivers and population genetic diversity using a dataset consisting of variables extracted from the studies, supplemented by data from plant trait databases.

Results

We found no evidence for a general trend in plant genetic diversity along rivers, but species traits and environmental factors partially explained the patterns. A downstream increase in genetic diversity was more likely to be found in species capable of hydrochoric dispersal and along the unmodified rivers which maintain habitat continuity.

Main Conclusions

Our study highlights that different patterns of genetic diversity can be linked to species traits or different levels of habitat fragmentation. Population genetic studies of riparian plants have frequently investigated patterns of genetic diversity in remnant populations in degraded riparian habitats. Although such investigations are important, more population studies of common plants in well‐preserved riparian zones are needed, as these can help understanding the general mechanisms that control natural population dynamics of plant species.
‘You could start a new country, but you would need to discover new land’: Exploring understandings of statehood with primary school pupils in England
Authors: Saddington Liam , McConnell Fiona
Published: February 2025

State‐based imaginaries dominate how children are taught about the world in formal educational spaces. Geographical education in schools draws upon a range of representations from atlases to wall maps, which portray a highly ordered image of a world that is neatly divided up into bounded nation‐states. While scholarship within political geography has long sought to challenge the ‘territorial trap’ which underpins these approaches, and there is increasing awareness and prominence of children's political geography within the subdiscipline, little attention has focused on how children themselves conceptualise and think about the state. This paper aims to contribute to contemporary debates on children's geopolitics and work on the production of geographical knowledge to explore children's understandings of statehood through a focus on English primary school pupils (aged 9–11). We have developed and run an educational activity which addresses the question of ‘what is a country’ and creates space for pupils to critically engage with ideas of statehood. This paper draws upon participation observation of this activity with 441 pupils from 17 classes across 10 state‐maintained primary schools in England. We find that children have complex geopolitical understandings of the world which encompass nuanced articulations of the politics of difference, legitimacy, the act of recognition, and legacies of colonial practices. While the norms of a state‐based international system are firmly established by the end of primary school in the UK, pupils do not merely accept the status quo of the current international system, but can offer nuanced critiques, thinking creatively about different forms the state could take, and engaging with questions of justice and equity. We thereby argue that children should be thought of as critical and creative geopolitical thinkers who can imagine more just and equitable futures.
Who Cares? Gender Differences in Social Reproduction and Well‐Being in South Africa
Authors: Posel Dorrit
Published: February 2025

This paper examines women's responsibility for social reproduction in South Africa. Drawing from a range of studies that analyze quantitative data, it considers how distinctive characteristics of South Africa's socio‐economic landscape shape the nature of this responsibility. These characteristics include rates of paternal coresidence and marriage that are amongst the lowest in the world, unemployment and inequality rates that are amongst the highest, and continuing patterns of individual labor migration with race remaining a significant socio‐economic stratifier. Given these features, women are not only most often the providers of caring labor in the household they are often also the financial providers. Women are responsible for social reproduction even when they are not wives or mothers, and this responsibility limits their access and returns to paid work. Gender asymmetries in who carries the economic costs of social reproduction are highlighted by evidence of both a motherhood earnings penalty and a male marital earnings premium in the South African labor market. In addition to economic measures, the paper reviews research on the noneconomic costs of social reproduction including life satisfaction and depression, and it highlights the importance of recognizing intersectionality in the well‐being of women.
Sexual Harassment and Service Labor: Strategies and Relational Practices
Authors: Farrugia David
Published: February 2025

Sexual harassment and gender‐based violence are longstanding concerns in studies of service work, but are typically analyzed in terms of interactions between workers and consumers within gendered definitions of “good service,” neglecting the role of relationships amongst workers as a critical context that facilitates or constrains how workers can respond. However, literature on young women and harassment in leisure settings shows that women's safety is an ongoing relational construction—something that women achieve together through relational work. Inspired by these insights and drawing on interviews with service workers, this paper explores how workers respond to sexual harassment from customers, managers and co‐workers, and shows how workers—primarily women but also sometimes men as well—collaborate in managing sexual harassment at work. The paper therefore argues for a relational analysis of the way that women negotiate the gendered and heterosexualized power relationships of service labor.