bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Nine Types of Water in Cleansing the Deceased Local Wisdom of The Malay Community in Tronoh, Perak
Authors: bin Yusof @ Salleh Muhammad Yusri , Ibrahim Noor Aileen , Ramli Mohd Anuar , Zahirwan Halim bin Zainal Abidin Paiz Hassan Mohd , Isahak Ideris
Published: January 2025

Death holds significant meaning in Malay culture, marking the final phase of life and the first step toward the afterlife. As a sign of respect for the deceased, the Malay community places great emphasis on ensuring the funeral process is conducted flawlessly, adhering to syariah principles and local traditions. One notable practice is the use of nine types of water during the cleansing of the deceased, a custom commonly observed by Muslim undertakers. This study examines the purpose and significance of this practice within the Malay community’s funeral rituals in Tronoh, Perak. It draws upon various sources, including online journals, classical Arabic texts, and two key manuscripts: Sabil al-Muhtadin and Bughyah al-Thullab. Interviews and library research further support the analysis, with qualitative data thematically reviewed. The findings highlight variations in the use of the nine types of water and identify four key functions: purifying the deceased, removing spiritual or mythical influences, addressing the effects of sorcery-related practices, and providing spiritual and physical healing for the deceased. This study underscores the interplay between religious obligations and cultural wisdom in Malay funeral traditions.
Testing a Modified Pipe Model Approach to Predict Cross-Sectional Area of Tree Roots at Specific Distances from the Tree
Authors: Grabosky Jason , Pattanshetti Shraddha , Zhang Tianyun , Blake Thomas , Casario Brianna , Koeser Andrew , Miesbauer Jason
Published: January 2025

When considering the establishment of tree protection zones in construction, or in assessing relative damage to a tree for risk or penalty, it would be useful to have a method to predict total root area at some distance from the tree. With such a method, the arborist can assess the level of damage in comparison to some estimate of the total rather than from a loss of possible root zone space based on land area. We used a modification of the pipe model approach to estimate the root cross-sectional area at different distances from the tree as defined by the edge and center of the trunk. We discuss two early studies. The first considers root systems excavated from a limited set of 9 trees over 50 years post-establishment across 3 species. Trees were excavated and roots harvested, cataloged, and imaged for measurement at 1, 2 and 3 meters from the trunk edge of the respective tree. The second study considered 29 digitally mapped root systems ofFraxinus pennsylvanica‘Patmore’ 9 years post-transplant by developing code for a virtual dissection at specific distances from the tree trunk. The second study observed variability across a tightly defined set of trees. There was a weak relationship between root area at set distances by species, and we found 3 m was a useful distance in the first study. We have a long way to go in development before having a method as a tool for practice, but the approach may be useful with additional observation and study.
THE THEME OF THE AFGHAN WAR IN A. TARAZI’S «PUNISHMENT» AND KH. HOSSEINI’S «A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS»
Authors: A. A. Akbulatov  , N. M. Tukeshova  , A. A. Naimanbaev  , M. K. Kairova
Published: January 2025

The article examines theme of war (Afghan War) common to modern Kazakh prose in the era of independence and the world literature, novels «Punishment» by Akim Tarazi and «A Thousand Splendid Suns» by Khaled Hosseini using the method of comparative typological research. Theoretical problems of typological research of artistic literary texts are considered. In addition to the general theme of the two novels, the unique characteristics were analyzed at the levels of idea, image, plot, style, literary genre, literary movement, literary era, literary process, national literature. Khaled Hosseini’s novel, full of deep psychological twists, which describes the history of the creation of the state of Afghanistan and the horrors of war, as well as his current life, has been comprehensively studied. In the novel «Punishment» by Akim Tarazi, the psychological underpinnings of the war affecting the human mind, spiritual crisis, physical wounds, the loss of humanity due to the consequences of war, etc. are studied.
The task of the article is to recognize the artistic-aesthetic world of the novels of the two writers, by analyzing the content basis of the novels, it aims to show the relevance of the issues raised by the writers in modern society, their skills in conveying the reality of life.
The scientific and practical value of the research is reflected in the comparative study of the direction of development of Kazakh prose and world literature.
The problems considered in the article show the value of the research work to reveal the artistic system of the authors’ works, and the ideological-aesthetic content of the works.
Keywords: modern Kazakh literature, world literary process, theme of the Afghan war, typological analysis, psychoanalysis in prose, historical tragedy.
ҚАЗАҚ ТІЛІНІҢ АУЫЗША КОРПУСЫ ЖӘНЕ АУЫЗША ТІЛ
Authors: К. Кудеринова  , Ә. Қожахмет
Published: January 2025

Мақала А. Байтұрсынұлы атындағы Тіл білімі инститyтының 2022–2024 жылдарға арналған «Мемлекеттік тілдің ақпараттық-инновациялық базасы ретіндегі Қазақ тілінің ұлттық корпyсын әзірлеy: ғылыми-зерттеy және оқытy Интернет-ресyрсы» атты гранттық тақырып бойынша алғаш рет жоспарланып отырған қазақтың аyызша тілінің ішкорпyсына алынатын мәтіндердің сипатына арналады. Ауызша тілдің іш қорпусына күнделікті тұрмыстық қатынастағы ауызекі сөйлеу стилі (үй іші, отбасы, туған-туыс, көршілер арасындағы диалогтер, дүкен, көлік, қоғамдық орындардағы тілдесулер, бейресми сипаттағы телефон арқылы сөйлесулер), бейресми әңгіме, сұхбаттардағы машықсыз, дәстүрлі сөйлеулер, ауызша шаршысөз, дәріс, конференция, дөңгелек үстел, кеңес, семинар, сұхбаттардағы алдын ала жоспарланған тақырыпқа сөйленген сөздер, кино, сахналық қойылымдағы дискурстар, ауызша сөйленген машықты, машықсыз діни дискурстар, теле-радиодағы алдын ала тақырыбы белгілі бағдарламалардағы машықсыз сөздер алыну қажеттігі дәлелденеді. Себебі машықсыз сөйлеу тілі шынайы, табиғи тіл болып табылады. Осыған байланысты мақалада ауызекі сөйлеу тілінің ұлттық ерекшелігі сипатталады. Ол үшін мақалада бірыңғай қазақ ұлты қоныстанған өңірлердегі жасы үлкен қариялардың дәстүрлі сөйлеу тілі талданады. Ауызекі сөйлеу тілінде қазіргі қазақ сөздіктеріне енбеген тілдік қолданыстар, ерекше оралымдар көптеп кездесетіні дәлелденеді. Сол себепті жазба мәтінді дыбыстау, өлең, қара сөзді жатқа оқу, ақпараттық хабарлардағы жазылған мәтінді оқып беретін ауызша сөздер ауызша тілдің корпусына алынбайтыны айтылады. Сөйлеу тілі – сол ұлттың сөйлеу дәстүріне табан тірейтін, сөйлеу дәстүрін танытатын тіл болғандықтан, бұл мәтіндер ұлттық корпустың мазмұнын байытатын мәтіндер деген қорытынды шығарылады.
Кілтті сөздер: ауызша тіл, ауызша тіл корпусы, ауызекі сөйлеу тілі, тілдік қолданыстар, машықсыз сөз, машықты сөз, сұхбаттар.
DENSE CLUSTERS OF RAW SEWAGE LOCATIONS ON MINNA NEIGHBOURHOOD GIS MAPS ARE POINTERS TO VERITABLE URBAN DECAY AND MOSQUITO-BREEDING GROUNDS
Authors: Jonah Sunday Adole , Oloruntayo Freeman Olorunfemi , Ebije Emmanuel Adah , Moses Jesse , Nkemjika Victory Chukwuemere , Wada Mark Andrew , Saidu Salihu , Sunday Joy Ada
Published: January 2025

Background: The lack of comprehensive baseline data on raw sewage pollution in Minna, Nigeria's Niger State capital, represents a significant gap in public health information. This deficiency necessitates a systematic study to establish a database documenting sewage pollution patterns in Minna's urban environment. Aim: To employ georeferencing tools and descriptive observations for identifying and mapping potential mosquito breeding sites related to sewage discharge within Minna's built-up areas and to develop an interactive Geographic Information System (GIS) map as an environmental audit tool for public health officials. Methods: The study area was divided into five sectors: Greater Bosso, Minna Central, Greater Maitumbi, Tunga, and Greater Chanchaga. Following initial site familiarization and GIS equipment testing, systematic surveys were conducted. Field teams documented locations of household sewage discharge points, collecting geographic coordinates, temporal data (date, time, weather conditions), and site characteristics. Each identified location was photographed and recorded in standardized data sheets, including household information where available. Results: Using ArcGIS®10.8 software, comprehensive sewage pollution layers were created for each sector by integrating collected field data with Minna's township built-up and settlement shapefiles. The mapping revealed distinct pollution patterns and clusters across different neighborhoods. Discussion: Analysis of the spatial distribution showed a clear correlation between socioeconomic status and sewage management practices, with higher concentrations of improper sewage discharge in low-income areas. Conclusions: This database serves as a valuable resource for public health interventions targeting mosquito breeding grounds. Regular monitoring through periodic sewage pollution audits and expanded geographical coverage is recommended for improved urban health management.
REVIEW AND STUDY OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL AGAINST Candida albicans STRAINS
Authors: Silva Sarah Soares Da , Santos Edjane Rocha Dos
Published: January 2025

Background: Candidiasis, caused mainly by Candida albicans yeast, is a pathology that affects a significant amount of people in the world, mainly women, thus being a public health issue. In addition, clinical practice has found it difficult to treat candidiasis for two reasons: the multidrug resistance associated with the exacerbated use of available drugs and the high number of side effects caused by current antifungal drugs. In this scenario, this work is a literature review on the antifungal activity of metal complexes against C. albicans since they are extensively studied for their varied applications in health sciences, as an object of study in the area of inorganic chemistry, in the subareas of bioinorganic chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry. Aim: The present work consists of a literature review in electronic databases on the potential antifungal action against Candida albicans presented by metal complexes. Methods: Data was collected using the Capes, PubMed, Cochrane Reviews and Virtual Health Library (BVS) databases. Results: The results obtained through bibliographic surveys show the importance of studies of metal complexes against the strain of C. albicans, which have promising inhibitory activities and in some cases, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values lower than 20µg/mL Discussion: The results obtained through bibliographic surveys show the importance of studies of metal complexes against the strain of C. albicans, which have promising inhibitory activities, and in some cases, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values lower than 20µg/mL. Conclusion: Highlighting the activity performed by ruthenium complexes and Schiff bases when coordinated to metallic ions arouses great interest in a future study of a complex of this metal with a Schiff base in its coordination site.
FROM ACADEMIA TO INDUSTRY: A JOURNEY OF INNOVATION IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR FERNANDO LUIZ PELLEGRINI PESSOA. ENGLISH VERSION
Authors: Pessoa Fernando Luiz Pellegrini , De Boni Luis Alcides Brandini
Published: January 2025

Background: The interview with Professor Dr. Fernando Luiz Pellegrini Pessoa covers his extensive career and contributions to chemical engineering, focusing on innovations and sustainability. Objectives: To explore Professor Pellegrini's experiences in various areas of chemical engineering, including teaching methods, research in supercritical extraction, biodiesel production, and process intensification. Methods: Semi-structured interview addressing topics such as academic and industrial career, teaching methods, ongoing research, and future perspectives for the chemical industry. Results: Professor Pellegrini highlighted the importance of practical application of theoretical knowledge, the development of the Water Source Diagram method, advances in supercritical extraction and biodiesel production, and the need for process intensification in the industry. Discussion: The interview revealed the importance of integration between academia and industry, the need for teaching methods that facilitate learning, and the challenges in implementing sustainable and efficient technologies in the chemical industry. Conclusion: Professor Pellegrini emphasizes the importance of process intensification and sustainability in the evolution of the chemical industry. He highlights the need for greater collaboration between academia and industry to address future challenges and implement innovative solutions.
STRATEGIC PLANS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY SECURITY: A SUSTAINABLE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Galagan M.
Published: January 2025

Contemporary research on international relations pays great attention to the study of state policies in ensuring energy security adopted by different countries. In these circumstances, the Republic of Kazakhstan is no exception, being one of the most interesting actors for this kind of analysis –a huge country in Central Asia, has sufficient reserves of natural energy resources –has embarked the path to the development of renewable energy sources. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to analyze the strategic plans of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of energy security with an emphasis on the prospects of sustainable development.As a result, this scientific article describes the current state of the country’s energy sector and provides the reasons to undertake an energy transition in the country. The author pays special attention to the implementation of state policy aimedat diversifying energy sources and developing renewable energy sources, referring to key strategic documents, for instance, adopted laws and concepts. The final outcome of this study, is that in the case of the research of the energy security dimensions ofKazakhstan, it is proposed that the country’s energy security depends not so much on the issue of the physical availability of energy resources, but, on the problem of environmental sustainability.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И НАУКА КАК ЧАСТЬ ПОЛИТИКИ «МЯГКОЙ СИЛЫ» США В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ
Authors: Жумаш Г.Т. , Ауган М.А.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассмотрены актуальные аспекты обеспечения политического влияния США через инструменты «мягкой силы», какими являются образование и наука, в Центральной Азии. Цель исследования -анализ развития применения США политики «мягкой силы» в странах Центральной Азии при развитии инициатив в сфере науки и образования. В работе рассматривается общее определение и инструменты «мягкой силы» в политике, особенности борьбы за геополитическое влияние основных акторов международной политики в центральноазиатском регионе, а также специфика использования инструментов «мягкой силы», связанных с наукой и образованием, США применительно к странам Центральной Азии. Сделаны выводы, что США за период с начала независимости стран Центральной Азии по настоящее время созданасистема опорных вузов и развивается филиальная сеть американских вузов, увеличивается числостудентов из стран Центральной Азии, обучающихся в США, развивается стипендиальная поддержка студентов, грантовая поддержка научных исследований. Однако, в настоящее время политика «мягкой силы» США вступает в противостояние с «мягкой силой» ряда других стран на территории Центральной Азии.
INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT AND STATE FINANCING FOR RESEARCH ON CONFLICTS: EFFORTS TO SUSTAINLONG-TERM PEACE POST-2020
Authors: Tutumlu A. , Imyarova Z. , Balpanova N.
Published: January 2025

Purposeof the Research: This article is dedicated to analyzing Kazakhstan's state policy in managing intercommunal conflicts after 2020. This period is marked by a significant increase in government spending on research initiatives and the establishment of specialized state institutions aimed at sustaining long-term peace. The study focuses on changes in financial and institutional spheres designed to prevent and resolve conflicts.The research employs a qualitative approach, including an analysis of state policies through the examination of regulatory documents and strategic development programs. Additionally, in-depth interviews with public officials were conducted, providing insights into the practical implementation of these policies. To enhance the qualitative analysis, quantitative data—particularly information on grants allocated by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education—was utilized. This helped analyze shifts in the distribution and volume of funding aimed at fostering peace and harmony in Kazakhstani society.The unique value of this study lies in theuse of new data that has not previously been introduced into academic discourse. These data provide a fresh perspective on the Kazakhstani government's approaches to managing intercommunal relations. Moreover, the authors emphasize the comprehensive nature of changesoccurring in the post-crisis period, including institutional and financial redistribution.
MULTILATERAL FORMATS OF CULTURAL AND HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION BETWEEN CENTRAL ASIA AND CHINA (THE CASE OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE)
Authors: Ustemirova A.O.
Published: January 2025

For thousands of years, relations between the countriesof Central Asia and China have been characterized by close cooperation based on global coexistence. Cultural and humanitarian interactions and trade relations developed between Central Asian countriesand China. Central Asia and China, as part of the Asian continent, have deep cultural roots that enrich their multilateral cooperation. Over the past decade, one of theimportant areas of cooperation between the countries of Central Asia and China has become the “Belt and Road Initiative”(BRI). Such a multilateral history of interaction between the Central Asian countries and China goes back thousands of years, forming strong multilateral relations that are passed down from generation to generation. In recent decades, despite changes in the international situation, the five Central Asian States -Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan —continue to strengthen multilateral cooperation with China, maintaining stable and positive development of interaction. The multilateral format of sucha partnership serves as a solid foundation for China's relations with its neighbors and contributes to strengthening centuries-old friendship and mutual trust, combining efforts for sustainable development and stability in the region. The multilateral format of cultural interaction promotes dialogue and cooperation in the field of trade, investment, and infrastructure development. Regular events and initiatives in the cultural and humanitarian sphere between the countries have formed an effective platform that strengthens partnerships and mutual understanding, contributing to stability in the Central Asian region. This article analyzes the multilateral format of cultural and humanitarian cooperation between the countries of Central Asia and China within the framework of the BRIover the past 10 years. The article focuses on educational and language programs, as well as other forms of partnership between the 5 Central Asian countries and China, as well as interpersonal relations as an important element of this cooperation. The author draws attention to the political and legal basis of the multi-party format and believesthat the introduction of multilateral legal norms and agreements will strengthen cultural cooperation, ensuring its sustainable and independent development.
STRATEGIC DIRECTION OF ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS
Authors: Bokova B.B. , Abilova A.K.
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the strategic directions of economic cooperation between Turkeyand the Central Asian republics, with an emphasis on Turkey’s role as a significanteconomic partner anda potential center for economic integration in the region. The main objective of the study is to identify key areas of cooperation, as well as to determine thefactors influencing the success and sustainability of Turkey’s partnerships with countries suchas Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. The authors apply historical, comparative and case study methodsto deeply analyzethe dynamics and features of economic relations, revealing how Turkey adaptsits strategies to the specific political and economic conditions of each country.Based on the collected data, the study demonstrates that Turkey, relying on historical and cultural ties and geostrategic position, actively promotes its economic interests throughprojects in trade, infrastructure and energy.The comparative analysis reveals differences in Turkey’s strategic approach to each republic, based on the unique economic and political characteristics of the Central Asian countries. The use of the case study method allows for adetailed examination ofsuccessful projects such as transport corridors and energy alliances, highlighting Turkey’s role as a link between Europe and Asia.Theauthors conclude that economic cooperation with Central Asia is an important element of Turkey’s foreign policy and a mechanism for increasing influence in the region. The study emphasizes that building successful partnerships requires flexibility and consideration of the specific features of each state, which opens up additional prospects for deepening cooperation.
Ancestors in the Archives: Decolonizing Archival Research
Authors: White Willow
Published: January 2025

Bringing together my identities as an Indigenous woman (Métis Nation of Alberta) and as a scholar specializing in eighteenth-century women writers has involved the continual unlearning of colonial research practices. The following essay reflects on my efforts to work with/in archives in a decolonizing way. I will share some of the practices that I have adopted, not to provide a checklist, but to join the ongoing conversation of many eighteenth-century studies scholars who share a decolonizing desire.
Concise Collections: Teaching Margaret Cavendish, Part II
Authors: Spencer E Mariah , Potter Tiffany
Published: January 2025

The Winter 2024 edition of ABO continues the Concise Collections on Teaching series, centering on Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle (1623–1673), an "also/and" author whose expansive work defies singular categorization. Cavendish’s prolific corpus engages with a wide array of subjects, from materialism and scientific anti-realism to gender, education, and cognition. Her writings bridge both literary and philosophical traditions, blending speculative fiction with critiques of mechanistic science, particularly through her explorations of weird fiction and proto-scientific thought.
Apartman Yöneticisinin İsim ve Adres Bilgilerinin Asılmaması Kabahati
Authors: Özdemir Selman
Published: January 2025

Günümüz sosyal ve ekonomik koşulları, çevresel etkenler ve imar planlarıyla öngörülen yapılaşma kuralları gereği, özellikle şehirlerde apartman ve site biçiminde toplu yerleşim yerlerinde yaşamak bir tercih değil, bir zorunluluk olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Bu toplu yerleşim yerlerinde ikamet edenlerin, toplu yaşamanın getirdiği birtakım yükümlülükleri bulunduğu gibi; söz konusu toplu yerleşimlerin yöneticilerinin de muhtelif yükümlülükleri bulunmaktadır. Yöneticilerin görevlerine ve sorumluluklarına ilişkin düzenlemelere esas olarak Kat Mülkiyeti Kanununda yer verilmiştir. Kat Mülkiyeti Kanununda yer alan yönetici yükümlülüklerinden birisi de yöneticinin isim ve adres bilgilerini ana gayrimenkulün girişine, herkesin rahatlıkla görebileceği biçimde asma yükümlülüğüdür.
Kanun koyucu, bahse konu bilgileri asmama davranışını kabahat olarak düzenlemiş ve norma aykırı davranışı para cezası yaptırımına tabi tutmuştur. Ancak uygulamada bu kabahatin nasıl yaptırıma tabi tutulacağı ve yaptırıma karşı hangi hukuki yollara başvurulacağı konusunda tartışmalar yaşanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yöneticinin bilgi asma yükümlülüğü, yükümlülüğe uymamanın sonuçları, norma aykırı hareketin ve yaptırımın niteliği, cezayı kimin vereceği, para cezasına karşı yasal yollara müracaatın mümkün olup olmadığı hususları konunun tarihi seyriyle birlikte incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Rosuvastatin-Based Combination Treatment with Acetylsalicylic Acid or Ezetimibe in the Management of Patients at High and Very High Cardiovascular Risk. Expert Opinion Paper of the Polish Lipid Association 2025.
Authors: Banach Maciej , Surma Stanisław , Bielecka-Dąbrowa Agata , Gierlotka Marek , Główczyńska Renata , Jankowski Piotr , Jóźwiak Jacek , Kubica Jacek , Streb Witold , Szymański Filip M , Tomasik Tomasz , Gil Robert
Published: January 2025

Lipid disorders are the most common risk factor for ASCVD in Poland, where it is responsible for up to 200,000 deaths/year, with the number of MI and strokes reaching 80,000 annually and 25% of people dying within 3 years after MI. The level of control of LDL-C is low, at only about 20% among high- and very high-risk patients who often require combination LLT with a potent statin and ezetimibe. Moreover, in Poland, even as many as several million patients require concomitant LLT and antiplatelet (acetylsalicylic acid) therapy in view of their risks and indications. SPC improve adherence to treatment and the achievement of therapeutic goals and allow a greater reduction in cardiovascular incidents and mortality. This PoLA Expert Opinion Paper, is a practical recommendation on how to more effectively treat patients with indications for LLT and antiplatelet therapy using available rosuvastatin-based combination therapies (with ezetimibe or acetylsalicylic acid).
Enhancing the Efficiency of Routing Strategies in WSNs Using Live Streaming Algorithms
Authors: Hayder Jasim Alhamdane  , Nickray Mohsen
Published: January 2025

The application of machine learning in wireless sensor networks (WSN) has attracted much attention. Since references in WSNs are pre-defined, determining how to optimize the utilization of resources and achieve efficient load balancing has become a critical problem in WSNs. The goal of conventional green routing algorithms is to reduce energy consumption and increase network life cycles by improving routing schemes in wireless networks. However, sometimes problems arise, such as poor flexibility, focusing on a single operative, and relying on precise algebraic models. Machine learning techniques can adapt to environmental changes and employ multiple agents to make informed decisions, providing new ideas for energy-saving and intelligent routing algorithms in wireless networks. In this piece, we examine the suggestion of fictitious artificial intelligence. Developing a mathematical framework is an effective approach to formulating an ideal green routing strategy that addresses the shortcomings of conventional green networking techniques. This research summarizes past, present, and future advancements in environmentally friendly routing algorithms within wireless communication networks. The information in this article will be interesting for individuals interested in applications of machine learning in WSNs.
Evaluation of Scintillation Counter Detector Using Gamma Radiation for Gold Detection
Authors: Julia Ragab Khalil  , Wael Hessen Alawad  , Adil Elrayah  , Ali Sulaiman Mohamed  , Mubark Dirrar Abdallah  , Azher S Barrak
Published: January 2025

The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficiency of a new gamma spectrometer technology using a scintillation counter detector. This technique can detect the backscattered gamma radiation emitted from the samples. All rock samples were collected and irradiated by two gamma sources, Co60 and Cs137. The existence of gold (Au) was confirmed by displaying the spectrum of one standard made of pure gold and comparing the coincidence of their peaks with that of the rock samples. The spectrum of samples was displayed using the Cassy lab software program. The results indicated that Cs137 gamma spectra showed the same peak for the gold element, while the Co60 gamma spectra indicated the existence of gold radiation. Then, an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) was done to compare and verify all results.
A New Geometry of Multi-band MIMO Antenna for 5G and 6G Systems
Authors: Muttair Karrar Shakir , Shareef Oras Ahmed , Taher Hazeem Baqir , Faiz Arith
Published: January 2025

The demand for high-efficiency, small-sized ultrawide-band (UWB) antennas has risen due to the need for fast wireless communication systems. In this manuscript, we propose a novel geometry for a 4-port multi-in multi-out (MIMO) antenna with an L-shaped structure that solves the limitations of current designs in UWB applications. The dimensions and thickness of an antenna design are 18×18×1.5875 mm. It operates in multiple bands, such as Ku, K, and millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum ranging from 17 to 100 GHz. This feature is ideal for small fifth-generation (5G) and sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication devices. We used two separate ground strips at the bottom to minimize interference in the MIMO element design and enhance antenna performance. The antenna performed exceptionally well in all measured parameters. The reflection coefficient (RC) was less than -10 dB, the mutual coupling (MC) coefficient reached -62.4 dB, and the radiation antenna efficiency ranged between 82% and 94%. It achieved the highest gain of 13 dBi at 87 GHz. In addition, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is < 0.02, and the diversity gain (DG) ranges between 9.9 and 10 dB. This antenna surpasses all others in every parameter when compared to proposals by different researchers. This makes it a superior choice for modern wireless devices catering to 5G and 6G networks.
Effects of cashless policy implementation on revenue optimization in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Eshitika Livingstone
Published: January 2025

This study examined the effects of cashless policy implementation on revenue optimization in Kakamega County, Kenya. The shift from traditional cash-based transactions to electronic payment systems has been a significant development in public finance management, aimed at enhancing revenue collection efficiency, reducing pilferages, and curbing corruption. By adopting a cashless policy, Kakamega County sought to streamline its revenue collection processes, improve transparency, and increase accountability among revenue officers. The research employed a descriptive research design grounded in a quantitative approach. Data was collected from revenue clerks and customers. The findings indicate a substantial improvement in revenue collection, with a marked reduction in fraud and mismanagement. However, the study also identifies challenges such as initial resistance from the revenue clerks, the need for continuous training of revenue clerks, and technical issues related to the cashless system's infrastructure. Overall, the implementation of the cashless policy in Kakamega County has had a positive impact on revenue optimization, although there is a need for ongoing system upgrades, public awareness campaigns, and capacity building to sustain and enhance these gains. The study contributes to the broader discourse on the effectiveness of digital financial technologies in improving public sector revenue management in developing regions.
Etika Komunikasi Media Sosial pada Generasi Zilenial dalam Perspektif Pancasila
Authors: Sutrisno Nisa Wening Asih
Published: January 2025

Generation Z's use of social media in communicating between lecturers and students in higher education often ignores communication ethics in accordance with Pancasila values. Unpolite interaction patterns, inappropriate choice of diction, and greetings when asking about lecture assignments are some of the problematic social media communication ethics of generation Z. This research aims to see the extent of generation Z's social media communication ethics in the perspective of Pancasila values. This is felt to be important because Pancasila is the personality of the Indonesian nation and people, so generation Z should be able to correlate their actions so that they are in accordance with Pancasila principles in communicating via social media. The research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Primary data collection uses observation, interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, secondary data comes from journals, books, magazines, articles and other library sources. Data analysis uses data triangulation through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research are (1) The increasing disappearance of Pancasila Ethics in generation Z communication is marked by the generation Z's lack of concern for the value of worship, weak social interaction, declining nationalism, egoism of opinion in democracy and prioritizing group solidarity even if it is wrong rather than accepting the truth. (2) Generation Z's social media behavior tends to get quick and short information through social media, so they have difficulty thinking critically about diverse information. (3) A critical attitude, deep thinking and polite language are needed in student communication with lecturers. The research conclusion is that there needs to be encouragement of example through individuals and formal institutions so that generation Z's communication ethics, especially in higher education circles involving lecturers and students, are in accordance with the principles of Pancasila.Keyword: Ethics, Communication, Social Media, Generation Z, Pancasila.
The Effectiveness of Paravertebral Block Compared to Erector Spinae Plane Block in Treating Acute Pain Post-Modified Radical Mastectomy Surgery
Authors: Ningrat Ketut Jaya
Published: January 2025

Background: Breast surgery is one of the most common operations among females. Management of postoperative pain is one parameter of the success of anesthesia and surgery. Therefore, it is important to look for innovations regarding newer anesthetic techniques that can be used to provide analgesia to manage acute or chronic pain. Some of the most popular peripheral nerve blocks are the erector spinae plane (ESPB) block and the paravertebral block (TPVB). The purpose of this systematic review is to measure the effectiveness of the erector spinae plane block, compared with paravertebral block and systemic analgesia in managing acute pain after modified radical mastectomy (MRM) surgery. Methods: This systematic review was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines published by Oxford University Media in the British Journal of Anesthesia. The author has conducted a comprehensive strategy to search and identify the TPVB and ESBP studies in adult female patients (aged> 18 years) who underwent any type of breast surgery. Results: Based on the analysis of the four studies that met the inclusion criteria, the author found no significant differences in relation to primary or secondary output from TPVB anesthesia techniques compared to ESBP. Conclusions: This review shows that both ESPB and TPVB are effective in reducing pain and opioid use after MRM. ESPB is simpler and faster to perform, making it a practical option.
Transfusion Reaction Occurrence Based on Types of Blood Components in Airlangga University General Hospital
Authors: Adiyatma Muhammad Rafi , Rini Diah P , Diansyah Muhammad N
Published: January 2025

Blood transfusion reactions are a common occurrence, but they can be minimized through proper screening and monitoring procedures. By understanding the types of blood components that are most likely to cause reactions, healthcare providers can take steps to reduce the risk of adverse events. This thesis describes the Transfusion Reactions that Occur Based on Types of Blood Components at Airlangga University General Hospital. This is a retrospective observational study using secondary data from medical records of blood transfusion recipients at Airlangga University General Hospital. The goal is to analyze blood transfusion reactions that occurred between January 2022 and June 2023. All medical records of blood transfusion recipients during this period were included in the study. The study found a significant gender disparity in transfusion reactions, with females being more likely to experience reactions than males. The most common transfusion reactions were febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR) and allergic reactions. There are 51 patients who show febrile non-hemolytic and 17 Patients with allergic reactions. These reactions can occur in individuals of all ages but are most prevalent in adults aged 19-60. Packed red cells (PRCs) were the most common blood component involved in reactions. In conclusion, most transfusion reactions are mild and do not require further treatment. Patients should be informed about the potential risks of blood transfusions before undergoing the procedure.
Profile of Children with Diarrhea at Tanah Kali Kedinding Primary Health Center
Authors: Delila Ratna , Athiyyah Alpha Fardah , Wahyunitisari Manik Retno , Ranuh I Gusti Made Reza Gunadi
Published: January 2025

Background: The second-highest diarrhea cases, with a total of 151,878 cases with a prevalence of 7.6%, were achieved by East Java. Surabaya itself consists of 78,463 cases, which is almost 50% of all cases in East Java. In 2018, as many as 57.8% of toddlers under 5 years old were found to be positive for rotavirus at the Tanah Kali Kedinding Health Center. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the profile of the risk factors for diarrhea, including host and environmental factors. Method: This study used a descriptive approach method and interviews with parents or caregivers of toddlers with diarrhea who came to the Tanah Kali Kedinding Health Center in October 2024. Sampling using the purposive sampling technique was carried out based on certain considerations from the researcher. The inclusion criteria in this study were toddlers aged 0-59 months and recorded as having acute diarrhea in the Tanah Kali Kedinding Health Center, and parents were willing to be subjects for interviews. Result: This study showed the characteristics of toddlers with diarrhea under 1 year old: 34% were female toddlers, 52% had normal nutritional status, 72% were exclusively breastfed, and 38% were vaccinated against rotavirus. Environmental, social, and economic characteristics show the use of refilled water is 48%, ownership of toilets is 100%, the highest level of maternal education is high school 54%, family income above UMK is 52%, mothers do not work 86%, mothers’ knowledge level is sufficient 50%, and mothers’ hand washing habits meet the requirements 90%.
Quality of Life in Bradycardia Patients: Insights into Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation
Authors: Ezekiel Valiant , Julario Rerdin
Published: January 2025

Permanent pacemaker implantation has become a pivotal intervention for managing symptomatic bradycardia, significantly improving the quality of life (QoL) in affected patients. This literature review examines and compares short-term and long-term QoL outcomes in bradycardia patients who undergo pacemaker implantation. Evidence shows that pacemakers alleviate symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, and syncope, enhancing physical, psychological, and social well-being. Short-term outcomes highlight substantial benefits, particularly with leadless pacemakers due to their minimally invasive nature and reduced risk of complications. However, long-term outcomes reveal challenges, including diminished QoL improvements over time, psychological adaptation, and device-related complications. These findings underscore the importance of continuous care, targeted education, and advancements in pacemaker technology to optimize patient outcomes. Further research is recommended to address these challenges and explore strategies to enhance long-term QoL in pacemaker recipients.
Management of Dyslipidemia in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Literature Review
Authors: Qannia Faya Maulida , Rimbun Rimbun , Faizi Muhammad , Purba Abdul Khairul Rizki
Published: January 2025

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a common chronic metabolic disease that alters insulin production by pancreatic beta cells. The prevalence of T1DM has been increasing by trend from 7.78 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 11.07 per 100,000 population in 2019. T1DM usually affects children, adolescents, and young adults. T1DM is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody formation of pancreatic beta cells. The development of T1DM is associated with a multifactorial process, involving genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. One of the concerning conditions in patients with T1DM is dyslipidemia as it increases atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Dyslipidemia in T1DM could be the result of poor glycemic control, hyperinsulinemia by subcutaneous insulin injection, and obesity in association with chronic inflammation. The management of dyslipidemia in pediatrics with T1DM has advanced lately. Distinct to adults, glucose control and LDL goals differ and drug therapy is indicated to those above 10 with specific criteria. Later guidelines show different management approaches, particularly the use of lipid-lowering drugs. Thus, this study aims to review the current management of dyslipidemia in Pediatrics with T1DM.
Congenital Heart Disease as a Cause of Maternal Death: Literature Review
Authors: Mahendra Akhmad Adam , Andrianto Andrianto , Cahya Muhammad Ardian
Published: January 2025

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a significant risk factor for maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. The physiological changes of pregnancy exacerbate underlying cardiac conditions, posing challenges for maternal and fetal health. Despite advances in medical care, maternal mortality due to CHD remains a critical concern, particularly in low-resource settings. Objective: This review aims to synthesize evidence on the impact of CHD on maternal mortality, emphasizing risk factors, clinical outcomes, management strategies, and research gaps. Method: A systematic review of 30 studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted. Studies published in the last two decades focusing on maternal outcomes associated with CHD were included. Data were categorized into prevalence, outcomes, management strategies, and research gaps. Results: CHD contributes significantly to maternal mortality, particularly in women with cyanotic defects, Eisenmenger syndrome, and Fontan circulation. Advanced care in high-resource settings has reduced mortality rates; however, disparities persist. Multidisciplinary management, pre-pregnancy counseling, and tailored interventions improve outcomes. Emerging approaches, such as telemedicine and improved training, show promise but require further validation. Conclusion: CHD is a major cause of maternal mortality, requiring comprehensive and multidisciplinary care. Addressing global disparities and developing standardized guidelines are crucial for improving outcomes. Further research is needed to address existing knowledge gaps and support evidence-based clinical practice.
How to optimize neuroscience data utilization and experiment design for advancing brain models of visual and linguistic cognition?
Authors: Tuckute Greta , Finzi Dawn , Margalit Eshed , Yates Jacob , Zylberberg Joel , Fyshe Alona , Chung SueYeon , Fedorenko Evelina , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus , Spector Kalanit Grill , Kar Kohitij
Published: January 2025

In recent years, neuroscience has made significant progress in building large-scale artificial neural network (ANN) models of brain activity and behavior. However, there is no consensus on the most efficient ways to collect data and design experiments to develop the next generation of models. This article explores the controversial opinions that have emerged on this topic in the domain of vision and language. Specifically, we address two critical points. First, we weigh the pros and cons of using qualitative insights from empirical results versus raw experimental data to train models. Second, we consider model-free (intuition-based) versus model-based approaches for data collection, specifically experimental design and stimulus selection, for optimal model development. Finally, we consider the challenges of developing a synergistic approach to experimental design and model building, including encouraging data and model sharing and the implications of iterative additions to existing models. The goal of the paper is to discuss decision points and propose directions for both experimenters and model developers in the quest to understand the brain.
ТЕРЕҢ ОҚЫТУ АРХИТЕКТУРАЛАРЫ НЕГІЗІНДЕ ЖОЛДЫҢ ЗАҚЫМДАНУЫН ЗЕРТТЕУ
Authors:   әл-Фараби атындағы Қазақ ұлттық университеті, Алматы, Қазақстан, Самбетбаева Айжан , Абайұлы Ерұлан ,   әл-Фараби атындағы Қазақ ұлттық университеті, Алматы, Қазақстан
Published: January 2025

Бұл зерттеу жұмысы VGGNet, ResNet, Inception және MobileNet терең оқыту архитектураларын қолданып, жол бетінің зақымдануларын автоматты түрде анықтау және жіктеу әдісін ұсынады. Жол бетінде кездесетін жарықтар, шұңқырлар және бетінің тозуы сияқты зақымдануларды дәл анықтау жол инфрақұрылымының беріктігін қамтамасыз етуде және қоғамдық қауіпсіздікті арттыруда маңызды рөл атқарады. Зерттеу барысында әрбір архитектураның дәлдігі мен есептеу тиімділігі салыстырылып, олардың жол зақымдануларын танудағы артықшылықтары мен кемшіліктері талданды.
Нәтижелер бойынша, Inception және ResNet модельдері жоғары дәлдікпен ерекшеленіп, жол зақымдануларын анықтауда жақсы нәтиже көрсетті. MobileNet архитектурасы жеңіл әрі ресурстарды үнемді пайдалануымен ерекшеленеді, бұл оны нақты уақыттағы және ресурстары шектеулі жүйелерде қолдануға қолайлы етеді. VGGNet архитектурасы салыстырмалы түрде төмен дәлдік көрсеткенімен, оны базалық үлгі ретінде қолдануға болады.
Зерттеу нәтижелері әр архитектураның тиімділігі мен дәлдігі нақты қолдану жағдайларына байланысты өзгеретінін көрсетті, бұл болашақ зерттеулер мен практикалық қосымшалар үшін пайдалы бағыт-бағдар береді.