bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acid Rain in East Asia: An Analysis of Side-Payments
Authors: Nakada Minoru , Pearce David
Published: March 2010

The acid rain problem in East Asia is discussed, specifically in the context of China, South Korea, and Japan. The main objective is to analyse the transboundary pollution in East Asia, and propose an efficient policy to deal with this issue. A downwind country such as Japan is a net importer of sulphur deposition from China and South Korea. For achieving a regional optimal solution, it would be necessary for all participants including polluters to benefit more from cooperating than not. A possible strategy of ‘side-payments’ by Japan to S. Korea and China will be analysed, as well as cost reduction in pollution abatement.
Best Practices for Accurate Measurement of Pure Jet Noise
Authors: Viswanathan K.
Published: March 2010

This paper focuses on the best practices that would ensure the vital requirement of accurate measurements of clean jet noise spectra at all frequencies. Issues that are important for jet aeroacoustic tests and the critical role of good data in the development of jet noise technology are examined. Problems with both the jet rig and the instrumentation system could severely compromise the data quality, thereby rendering the measured data unsuitable for scientific and technical applications. The limitations of the instrumentation system are discussed, and a set of recommendations that would lead to clean measurements at the higher frequencies of interest in model tests is provided. Methods for verifying the quality of data, from both single and dual-stream jets, are described in depth. Some of the existing beliefs and approaches for checking data quality are shown to be without merit. It is more difficult to measure pure jet noise from very large nozzles especially at low jet velocities, with a given compact rig. The objectives of an aeroacoustic test should be understood clearly and proper choice of nozzle configurations made to avoid acquiring data corrupted by extraneous noise. This is especially so for typical dual-stream geometries, where the secondary jet generates the high-frequency noise. The consequences of contaminated data in the development of noise reduction technology and theories are highlighted. The results from a major effort for improving the quality of aeroacoustic data acquired at the Boeing Low Speed Aeroacoustic Facility (LSAF) are reported: significant improvements have been made to the flow quality and acoustics. The high quality of noise measurements, as a result of the refurbishment, is established through good spectral agreement with data obtained with a blow-down jet, for a wide range of nozzle conditions. Much of the existing data have been found to be corrupted; it is incumbent upon the experimental community to produce unambiguous data that would advance the state-of-the-art in jet noise technology.
Control of Open Bay Acoustics by Harmonic Mass Injection
Authors: Bortz D. M. , Rubio A. D. , Banks H. T. , Cain A. B. , Smith R. C.
Published: March 2010

Aircraft with internal carriage of weapons systems require active control strategies to limit high amplitude open bay acoustic resonances and to optimize structure requirements and weapon reliability in an enlarged separation envelope. This paper is focused on communicating an investigation into the use of numerical simulations combined with Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to optimize an active control system for an aircraft weapons bay application. Issues addressed include characterizing shear layer and wake resonant responses, optimal steady blowing rates, the effect of open loop harmonic perturbations, use of POD for post processing data to reduce storage requirements, and the use of the Nelder-Mead optimization procedure. Comparison of the wake and shear layer responses shows why no aircraft would ever want to experience a wake response. This study intends to develop flow instability suppression strategies that may be scalable for implementation in a weapons bay application. A lower Reynolds number flow is considered here, which can be modeled numerically with the computational resources currently available. As the essential flow physics of some cavity instabilities are mainly inviscid, it is expected that control techniques for the shear-layer instability mode may be reasonably scaled. This work focuses primarily on a freestream flow at M=0.85 with a cavity of aspect ratio L/D = 4.5. The results include the use of steady blowing injection up to M = 0.9 and harmonic forcing perturbations ranging in amplitude from M=0.005 to M=0.45. In the parameter space examined mass injection (displacement effect) has the largest effect and momentum considerations are minor. The best observed forcing reduced the buffet loading metrics by approximately 17 dB.
In-Between Architecture Computation
Authors: Derix Christian
Published: March 2010

In-Between Architecture Computation describes the evolution of the Computational Design approach at the AedasR&D Computational Design and Research group founded in 2004 at Aedas architects in London. The approach has transformed itself from an academic inspired thinking about computing media to a more flexible model of design heuristics and search algorithms that finally start to produce new hybrid design workflows in the industry while also swimming against the industry trend of super-integration software. Only if computing is not exclusively defined through architectural design intent or purely computing logic, does computational design explore new design thinking.
Programmatic Formation: Practical Applications of Parametric Design
Authors: Madkour Yehia , Neumann Oliver , Erhan Halil
Published: March 2010

Programmatic Formation explores design as a responsive process. The study we present engages the complexity of the surroundings using parametric and generative design methods. It illustrates that responsiveness of designs can be achieved beyond geometric explorations. The parametric models can combine and respond simultaneously to design and its programmatic factors, such as performance-sensitive design-decisions, and constraints. We demonstrate this through a series of case studies for a housing tower. The studies explore the extent to which non-spatial parameters can be incorporated into spatial parametric dependencies in design. The results apply digital design and modeling, common to the curriculum of architecture schools, to the practical realm of building design and city planning. While practitioners are often slow to include contemporary design and planning methods into their daily work, the research illustrates how the incorporation of skills and knowledge acquired as part of university education can be effectively incorporated into everyday design and planning.
Non-Deterministic Exploration through Parametric Design
Authors: Hanafin Stuart , Pitts Greg , Datta Sambit
Published: March 2010

This paper explores non-deterministic parametric modelling as a design tool. Specifically, it addresses the application of parametric variables to the generation of a conceptual bridge design and the use of repeatable discrete components to the conceptual form. In order to control the generation of the bridge form, a set of design variables based on the concept of a law curve have been developed. These design variables are applied and tested through interactive modelling and variation, driven by manipulating the law curve. Combining this process with the application and control of a repeatable element, known as a Representative Volumetric Element (RVE), allows for the development and exploration of a design solution that could not be achieved through the use of conventional computer modelling. The competition brief for the Australian Institute of Architects (AIA) ‘Dialectical Bridge’ has been used as a case study to demonstrate the use of non-deterministic parametric modelling as a design tool. The results of the experimentation with parametric variables, the law curve and representative volumetric elements (RVE) are presented in the paper.
Application of Particle Swarm Optimisation to Evaluation of Polymer Cure Kinetics Models
Authors: Tilford T. , Ferenets M. , Morris J. E. , Krumme A. , Pavuluri S. , Rajaguru P. R. , Desmulliez M. P. Y. , Bailey C.
Published: March 2010

A particle swarm optimisation approach is used to determine the accuracy and experimental relevance of six disparate cure kinetics models. The cure processes of two commercially available thermosetting polymer materials utilised in microelectronics manufacturing applications have been studied using a differential scanning calorimetry system. Numerical models have been fitted to the experimental data using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm which enables the ultimate accuracy of each of the models to be determined. The particle swarm optimisation approach to model fitting proves to be relatively rapid and effective in determining the optimal coefficient set for the cure kinetics models. Results indicate that the singlestep autocatalytic model is able to represent the curing process more accurately than more complex model, with ultimate accuracy likely to be limited by inaccuracies in the processing of the experimental data.
Estimation of Heat Flux in Inverse Heat Conduction Problems Using Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Tian Na , Xu Wenbo , Sun Jun , Lai Choi-Hong
Published: March 2010

An inverse optimization algorithm based on Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) is examined and applied to estimate the unknown transient heat flux applied to certain boundaries in transient heat conduction problems. Results demonstrate the accuracy, stability and validity of the QPSO method in inverse estimation of the heat flux without prior knowledge of the functional form of the unknown quantities. This paper also addresses the high computational costs of QPSO and proposes a hybrid method to reduce the computational costs by combining the advantages of a gradient method and a stochastic method. Finally comparison of the proposed hybrid method and Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) is also included.
Testing Premixed Turbulent Combustion Models by Studying Flame Dynamics
Authors: Lipatnikov Andrei N.
Published: March 2010

First, the following universal feature of premixed turbulent flame dynamics is highlighted: During an early stage of flame development, the burning velocity grows much faster than the mean flame brush thickness, because the two processes are controlled by the small-scale and large-scale turbulent eddies, respectively. Second, this feature of developing flames is exploited in order to test a number of different models of premixed turbulent combustion by theoretically and numerically studying an interaction of an initially laminar, planar, one-dimensional flame with a statistically stationary, planar, one-dimensional, and spatially uniform turbulent flow not affected by combustion. To test as many models as possible in a simple and unified manner, various combustion models are divided into three generalized groups: (i) algebraic models, which invoke an algebraic expression for the mean rate of product creation, (ii) gradient models, which involve a gradient-type source term in a balance equation for the mean combustion progress variable, and (iii) two-equation models, which deal not only with a balance equation for the mean combustion progress variable but also with either a balance equation for the flame surface density or a balance equation for the mean scalar dissipation rate. Analytical and numerical results reported in the paper indicate that solely the gradient models are able to yield substantially different growth rates of the turbulent burning velocity and the mean flame brush thickness.
Direct Comparison of Particle-Tracking and Sectional Approaches for Shock Driven Flows
Authors: Schwer Douglas A. , Kailasanath K.
Published: March 2010

Dispersed-phase flows are important for a wide variety of problems, and several numerical approaches for the solution of dispersed-phase flows have been proposed and implemented in the past. The present research implements two popular approaches to dispersed-phase flows: the Lagrangian particle-tracking approach and the Eulerian sectional approach. A direct comparison between the two methods is made for a range of shock driven seeded flow-fields. First, different drag models are investigated using the particle-tracking method for a range of conditions, and then direct comparisons between the two methods are made for shock speed attenuation and shock-wave profiles. In addition, resolution requirements are investigated to determine the number of sections and the number of particles required to obtain good agreement between the methods, and then two-dimensional simulations are done to investigate the effect of each method on more complicated flow-fields. Results showed both methods can be used to obtain very similar results, although each method has benefits and drawbacks. The glass particles were then replaced with water droplets, and the effect of vaporization and droplet breakup were then investigated. Although vaporization was well represented with the sectional approach, different droplet breakup models had to be implemented for the different approaches, with some significant differences in the resultant droplet distributions. The reason for this is that breakup models require a droplet deformation time before breaking up, and thus a droplet history. This droplet history is difficult to implement in sectional approaches (and Eulerian methods in general), and so the breakup model must be changed. Similar profiles could be reproduced with the sectional method, but significant differences persisted. The results did show, however, that the Eulerian sectional approach is a viable method for computing complex, multi-dimensional flow-fields and can provide significant numerical advantages when compared with Lagrangian particle-tracking methods, especially in flooded environments such as examined here.
Dynamics of Practical Premixed Flames, Part II: Identification and Interpretation of CFD Data
Authors: Huber A. , Polifke W.
Published: March 2010

In Part I of this paper, a multiple-input, single-output (MISO) model for the dynamics of practical premixed flames has been proposed. A corresponding method for identification of model coefficients was developed and validated against test data generated with a linear time-domain model, designed to be qualitatively representative of a practical premix burner.

The method for system identification of a MISO model is now applied to time series data generated with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation in the presence of broadband forcing. The CFD model represents a generic, practical premixed swirl burner with multiple fuel injection stages. Fuel injectors are assumed to be acoustically “non-stiff”, such that pressure fluctuations will modulate the fuel mass flow rates. The flame dynamics is therefore influenced by fluctuations of the equivalence ratio as well as the mass flow rate of premixture at the burner exit.

Results obtained demonstrate that system identification based on correlation analysis is well capable of differentiating between the various interaction mechanisms. Unit impulse and flame transfer functions corresponding to different signal-response relations can be determined in a quantitative manner from a single CFD run. A detailed analysis and physical interpretation of the response functions has been carried out. The results allow to draw non-trivial conclusions concerning a) the interactions of flame front kinematics and equivalence ratio fluctuations and b) flame transfer functions with an amplitude above unity.
Vortex Phase-Jitter in Acoustically Excited Bluff Body Flames
Authors: Shanbhogue Santosh J. , Seelhorst Michael , Lieuwen Tim
Published: March 2010

This paper describes an experimental study of the effect of acoustic excitation on bluff body stabilized flames, specifically on the flow field characteristics. The Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability of the shear layer is excited due to the incident acoustics. In turn, the KH instability imposes a convecting, harmonic excitation on the flame, which leads to spatially periodic flame wrinkling and heat-release oscillations. Understanding the factors influencing these heat release oscillations requires an understanding of the generation, convection, and dissipation of these vortical disturbances. Phase locked particle image velocimetry was carried out over a range of conditions to characterize the vortical dynamics. It was found that the vortex core location exhibits “phase jitter”, manifested as cycle-to-cycle variation in flame and vorticity field at the same excitation phase. Phase jitter is shown to be a function of separation point dynamics, downstream convection time, and amplitude of acoustic excitation. It leads to fairly significant differences between instantaneous and ensemble averaged flow fields and, in particular, the decay rate of the vorticity in the axial direction.
Subcritical and Supercritical Droplet Evaporation within a Zero Gravity Environment; On the Discrepancies between Theoretical and Experimental Results
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Raghavan Vasudevan , Gogos George
Published: March 2010

A comprehensive axisymmetric numerical model has been developed to study high pressure droplet evaporation. In this model, high pressure transient effects, variable thermo-physical properties and inert species solubility in the liquid-phase are considered. First, the axisymmetric model has been utilized to explain the discrepancy between theoretical and experimental results on microgravity droplet evaporation that has been reported in the literature [J.R. Yang and S.C. Wong, Ref. 35]. In addition, this effort led to a thorough validation of the model against the most extensive microgravity experimental data available in the literature on droplet evaporation. Second, the validated model has been utilized to investigate spherically symmetric droplet evaporation for a wide range of ambient pressures and temperatures. The predictions show that the average droplet evaporation constant decreases with ambient pressure at sub-critical ambient temperatures, becomes insensitive to pressure at ambient temperatures around the critical temperature of the fuel and presents a local maximum while increasing with the ambient pressure at super-critical ambient temperatures.
Structure of the Continuous Liquid Jet Core during Coaxial Air-Blast Atomisation
Authors: Charalampous Georgios , Hardalupas Yannis , Taylor Alex
Published: March 2010

This paper investigates the structure of the continuous liquid jet of a coaxial air-blast atomiser over a range of Weber numbers 60-1040, Reynolds numbers of liquid jet 5400-21700 and air to liquid momentum ratios of the two streams of 1.7–335. A novel optical technique, based on internal illumination of the liquid jet through the jet nozzle by a laser pulse, which excites a fluorescing dye introduced in the atomizing liquid, was used to obtain instantaneous measurements of the breakup length and the three dimensional location of the liquid core of the continuous liquid jet. The latter was achieved by simultaneously imaging the liquid jet from two directions normal to each other. Such measurements are usually prevented by droplets surrounding the liquid jet at the dense spray near the nozzle exit. The measurements showed that the break-up length of the liquid jet scaled well with the air to liquid momentum ratio. The standard deviation of the temporal fluctuations of the break-up length was around 10% of the mean breakup length for each considered flow condition. The instantaneous jet surface does not develop axi-symmetric wave structures but the time-averaged liquid jet is axi-symmetric around the nozzle axis, while the maximum deflection of the liquid jet occurs close to the breaking point.
Design and Development of Micro Aerial Vehicles and Their Cooperative Systems for Target Search and Tracking
Authors: Mak Lin Chi , Kumon Makoto , Whitty Mark , Katupitiya Jayantha , Furukawa Tomonari
Published: March 2010

This paper presents Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) and their cooperative systems including Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and a Base Station (BS), which were primarily designed for the 1st US-Asian Demonstration and Assessment on Micro-Aerial and Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology (MAV08). The MAVs are of coaxial design, which imparts mechanical stability both outdoor and indoor while obeying a 30 cm size constraint. They have carbon fibre frames for weight reduction allowing microcontrollers and various sensors to be mounted on-board for tele-operated and waypoint control. The UGVs are similarly equipped to perform their own search and tracking mission but also to support the MAVs by relaying data between the MAVs and the BS when they are out of direct range. The BS monitors the vehicles and their environment and navigates them autonomously or with humans in the loop through the developed GUI. The ability of the MAV in flight was demonstrated by showing continuous hovering. The efficacy of the overall system was validated by autonomously controlling two UGVs for cooperative search.
Optimal Settings of Aerodynamic Performance Parameters in Hovering Flight
Authors: Dong Haibo , Liang Zongxian , Harff Michael
Published: March 2010

Flapping foils are being considered for lift generation and/or propulsion in design of Micro-Air Vehicles (MAVs). In this paper, a computational analysis of the aerodynamic performance of a 2D rigid flapping wing is conducted for examining the effect of basic morphological and kinematics parameters on unsteady flow field properties, wing loading, and lift efficiency. It focuses primarily on steady hovering flight with different kinds of wing trajectories. Key aerodynamic performance parameters are selected and evaluated to reflect three potential design modes of MAV flight, performance (or high-lift) mode, cruise (or high-efficiency) mode, and a “quiet” mode which reflects the overall steadiness of a particular set of wing kinematics. A fractional factorial design method is used to conduct the sensitivity study of performance parameters. Results aim to provide insight into the selection of wing planform and flapping kinematics for MAV designs.
Autonomous Flight in Unknown Indoor Environments
Authors: Bachrach Abraham , He Ruijie , Roy Nicholas
Published: March 2010

This paper presents our solution for enabling a quadrotor helicopter, equipped with a laser rangefinder sensor, to autonomously explore and map unstructured and unknown indoor environments. While these capabilities are already commodities on ground vehicles, air vehicles seeking the same performance face unique challenges. In this paper, we describe the difficulties in achieving fully autonomous helicopter flight, highlighting the differences between ground and helicopter robots that make it difficult to use algorithms that have been developed for ground robots. We then provide an overview of our solution to the key problems, including a multilevel sensing and control hierarchy, a high-speed laser scan-matching algorithm, an EKF for data fusion, a high-level SLAM implementation, and an exploration planner.1 Finally, we show experimental results demonstrating the helicopter's ability to navigate accurately and autonomously in unknown environments.
Numerical Study of Particle Interaction in Gas-Particle and Liquid-Particle Flows: Part I Analysis and Validation
Authors: Mohanarangam K. , Tu J. Y.
Published: March 2010

A detailed study into the turbulent behaviour of dilute particulate flow under the influence of two carrier phases namely gas and liquid has been carried out behind a sudden expansion geometry. The major endeavour of the study is to ascertain the response of the particles within the carrier (gas or liquid) phase. The main aim prompting the current study is the density difference between the carrier and the dispersed phases. While the ratio is quite high in terms of the dispersed phase for the gas-particle flows, the ratio is far more less in terms of the liquid-particle flows. Numerical simulations were carried out for both these classes of flows using an Eulerian two-fluid model with RNG based k- emodel as the turbulent closure. An additional kinetic energy equation to better represent the combined fluid-particle behaviour is also employed in the current set of simulations. In the first part of this two part series, experimental results of Fessler and Eaton (1995) for Gas-Particle (GP) flow and that of Founti and Klipfel (1998) for Liquid-Particle (LP) flow have been compared and analysed. This forms the basis of the current study which aims to look at the particulate behaviour under the influence of two carrier phases. Further numerical simulations were carried out to test whether the current numerical formulation can used to simulate these varied type of flows and the same were validated against the experimental data of both GP as well LP flow. Qualitative results have been obtained for both these classes of flows with their respective experimental data both at the mean as well as at the turbulence level for carrier as well as the dispersed phases.
CFD Modeling of the Two-Phase Flow in a Moist Air Powered Ejector
Authors: Marynowski T. , Desevaux P. , Mercadier Y.
Published: March 2010

The aim of this work is to develop a CFD model taking into account the processes of condensation and evaporation in moist air powered ejectors. The study is realized with the CFD software Ansys-Fluent in which a 2D axisymmetric model of non-equilibrium condensation in high speed flow was implemented. Validation of the computational results is carried out using flow visualization. The evolution of the basic parameters characterizing the droplet condensation process is studied numerically along the ejector axis. The effects of some parameters (such as primary stagnation pressure and humidity rate present in the primary and secondary air flows) are also examined. Limitations of the present numerical model are discussed.
A Study of Drag Force in Isothermal Bubbly Flow
Authors: Li C. , Cheung S.C.P. , Yeoh G.H. , Tu J.Y.
Published: March 2010

Driven by the extensive demands of simulating highly concentrated gas bubbly flows in many engineering fields, numerical studies have been performed to investigate the neighbouring effect of a swarm of bubbles on the interfacial drag forces. In this study, a novel drag coefficient correlation (Simonnet et al., 2007) in terms of local void fraction coupled with the population balance model based on average bubble number density (ABND) has been implemented and compared with Ishii-Zuber densely distributed fluid particles drag model. The predicted local radial distributions of three primitive variables: gas void fraction, Sauter mean bubble diameter, and gas velocity, are validated against the experimental data of Hibiki et al. (2001). In general, satisfactory agreements between predicted and measured results are achieved by both drag force models. With additional consideration for closely packed bubbles, the latest coefficient model by Simonnet et al. (2007) shows considerably better performance in capturing the reduction of drag forces incurred by neighbouring bubbles.
Leading Innovation
Authors: Meyer Andrea
Published: March 2010

The key takeaways from the wide-ranging World Innovation Forum 2009 can be grouped into three themes. First, opportunities for innovation exist not only in new products and services but also in customer experiences, as the case studies of Build-a-Bear, JFK's new T5 terminal, and GlaxoSmithKline's
Alli illustrate. Second, understanding future trends in innovation requires knowing that radical innovation often takes years to be adopted and begins in populations other than the traditional users. Anticipating trends in innovation means looking for signs that people's expectations are changing
and that new ideas are about to reach critical mass. Finally, biology provides a both source of innovation and a useful metaphor for innovation-related thinking, as Paul Saffo, C.K. Prahalad, Clayton Christensen and Fred Krupp described.
Innovation Evangelism at Wipro Technologies
Authors: Soni Pavan
Published: March 2010

The article depicts a practitioner's approach towards Innovation Evangelism in a corporate context. The case in point here is Wipro Technologies, one of the leading Information Technology firms based out of India. The author being an Innovation Evangelist at the firm shares the imperative
of evangelism, the various vehicles deployed and the learnings there from. The need for Innovation Evangelism comes from the urge to spread awareness about innovation and enable it, especially at the grassroots level. Author defines an Innovation Evangelist in an organizational context as
one who generates awareness of the need to innovate; builds a belief amongst people that anyone can innovate; and provides sufficient facilitation to enable innovation. At Wipro Technologies, Innovation Evangelism happens through a series of vehicles that include: Wipro's Innovation Camp,
Innovation Bazaar, Story Book on Innovation, Systematic Creativity Workshops, and Inflection Point newsletter, among others. Each of these started as experiments and then through learning got institutionalized. Key learnings are: enrollment of the stakeholders; creating a semi-structure knowledge
sharing environment; enabling a market of ideas, talent and capital; having a constant and consistent communication; transparency in operations; and taking a more scientific approach towards creativity; among others. One of the areas of further investigation is on measuring the direct and
indirect returns of investment for each of these vehicles. The article would make a good read for researchers, academicians, professionals and students alike who study and execute innovations at the grassroots level.
Sustainability in Innovation
Authors: Varma Vivek
Published: March 2010

Sustainability in innovation is being increasingly recognized as an important consideration in the current efforts focused on balancing the needs for improved goods and services for the current and future generations with the concomitant impact on the natural resources. This paper analyzes
the issues surrounding sustainability debate based on a review of rich literature available. It recognizes ecological, economic and social dimensions of sustainability and other important factors like equity, basic needs, public participation, complexity, uncertainty and irreversibility; and,
incorporates them all in a systems based decision making framework. It also outlines an approach utilizing the concepts of intra- and inter-generational equity that could be utilized to determine sustainability of goods and services generated through innovative efforts. The proposed approach
is expected to facilitate better informed decision making.
A Review of Models for the Charring Rate of Solid Wood, Nail- and Glue- Laminated Structural Members
Authors: Friquin Kathinka
Published: March 2010

Simple calculation models for charring rate of solid wood, nail- and glue-laminated structural elements for use in fire design of wooden structures have been compared with test results from the literature. The applicability to these structural elements, and the accuracy of the models, have been evaluated based on parameters influencing the charring rate, which include species, density, moisture content, char contraction factor, external heat flux, oxygen concentration and duration of the fire. The models evaluated in this article are applicable to one- or two-dimensional charring under standard fire exposure.
A Branch-and-Price Method for a Liquefied Natural Gas Inventory Routing Problem
Authors: Grønhaug Roar , Christiansen Marielle , Desaulniers Guy , Desrosiers Jacques
Published: March 2010

We consider a maritime inventory routing problem in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) business, called the LNG inventory routing problem (LNG-IRP). Here, an actor is responsible for the routing of the fleet of special purpose ships, and the inventories both at the liquefaction plants and the regasification terminals. Compared to many other maritime inventory routing problems, the LNG-IRP includes some complicating aspects such as (1) a constant rate of the cargo evaporates each day and is used as fuel during transportation; (2) variable production and consumption of LNG, and (3) a variable number of tanks unloaded at the regasification terminals. The problem is solved by a branch-and-price method. In the column generation approach, the master problem handles the inventory management and the port capacity constraints, while the subproblems generate the ship route columns. Different accelerating strategies are implemented. The proposed method is tested on instances inspired from real-world problems faced by a major energy company.
IFCC reference procedures for measurement of the catalytic concentrations of enzymes: corrigendum, notes and useful advice
Authors: Schumann Gerhard , Canalias Francesca , Joergensen Poul J. , Kang Dongchon , Lessinger Jean-Marc , Klauke Rainer , on behalf of the Committee on Reference Systems for Enzymes
Published: March 2010

The primary reference measurement procedures (PRMPs) for the international standardization of catalytic concentration measurements of α-amylase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), γ-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase have been performed in reference laboratories for several years. The IFCC Committee on Reference Systems for Enzymes and two reference laboratories, with official accreditation for the PRMPs, have collected useful information on some of the steps of the reference procedures that require special attention. This document comprises errata corrige for minor mistakes in published PRMPs for AST and CK. Several notes on the PRMPs are emphasized. This includes details that are very important for improved standardization, and general suggestions for reducing measurement uncertainty.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:615–21.
Lerch's Theorems over Function Fields
Authors: Meemark Yotsanan , Chinwarakorn Sirawich
Published: March 2010

In this work, we state and prove Lerch's theorems for Fermat and Euler quotients over function fields defined analogously to the number fields.
Studien- und Berufswege im Übersetzen und Dolmetschen: Eine Germersheimer Umfrage
Authors: Hagemann
Published: March 2010

Welche Beziehung besteht bei AbsolventInnen translations-wissenschaftlicher Studiengänge zwischen Studium und Beruf? Welche Berufswege werden eingeschlagen, wie wird das Studium rückblickend beurteilt? Und welche Erkenntnisse lassen sich hieraus über die Qualität der Lehre und über eventuelle Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten gewinnen? Fragen dieser Art standen im Mittelpunkt einer Umfrage, die ich 2004 unter AbsolventInnen des Fachbereichs Angewandte Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz in Germersheim (FASK) durchgefürhrt habe. In einer Zeit der Umstellung von den traditionellen Diplom- auf die neuen BA/MA-Studiengänge ist das Thema Berufswege besonders aktuell und relevant, da die Umstellung auch die Chance bietet, die herkömmlichen Studieninhalte zu überdenken und an die aktuellen Gegebenheiten des Arbeitsmarktes anzupassen.

Ich danke Jeanette Schwickert und Sylvia Steuernagel, Studentinnen der Soziologie im Examenssemester, für ihre Mitwirkung bei dem Projekt: Jeanette Schwickert unterstützte mich professionell bei der Erstellung des Fragebogens und beim Datenschutz-Verfahren, Sylvia Steuernagel übernahm die statistische Auswertung der Daten mit Hilfe des Statistikprogramms SPSS. Für Textlektüre und konstruktive Anmerkungen danke ich außerdem Nina Englert-Kleimeyer, Angelika Hüttenberger, Paul Kußmaul und Karl-Heinz Stoll.
Glossar Flughafentechnik und -betrieb (DE–EN) (3. Teil)
Authors: Künstner Bianca
Published: March 2010

Ein Jahrhundert nach den ersten Flugversuchen der Gebrüder Wright und anderer Flugpioniere reicht eine ebene Wiesenfläche für Start und Landung der Fluggeräte schon lange nicht mehr aus. So rasant, wie sich die Technik der Flugzeuge entwickelte, mussten auch die Flughäfen Schritt halten. Die heutigen komplexen Gebilde mit ihren ausgeklügelten Organisationsabläufen und raffinierten Technologien wecken immer noch Faszination bei den meisten Menschen, obwohl die Reise mit dem Flugzeug mittlerweile zum Alltag zählt und mit fortschreitender Globalisierung auch immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt. Ein Ziel der am Institut für Angewandte Linguistik und Translatologie (IALT) der Universität Leipzig eingereichten Diplomarbeit „Verkehrsflughäfen. Eine terminologische Untersuchung im Deutschen und Englischen“ war es, einen Einblick in die häufig im Verborgenen liegenden Abläufe und Technologien auf einem Verkehrsflughafen zu geben. Einen Hauptteil der Diplomarbeit bildete auch das im Folgenden in der Sprachrichtung Deutsch-Englisch abgedruckte Glossar. Es wurde mit dem Terminologieverwaltungsprogramm CATS erstellt und enthält 1549 Datensätze mit 502 Begriffen, zu denen es 984 deutsche und 1067 englische Benennungen sowie 497 deutsche Definitionen gibt.
Der Bologna-Prozess im Bereich Übersetzen und Dolmetschen
Authors: Stoll Karl-Heinz
Published: March 2010

1998 forderten Bildungsminister aus Deutschland, Frankreich, Großbritannien und Italien in der

In allen Ländern sind die juristischen Grundlagen geschaffen worden. Dänemark, Estland, Island, Italien, Lettland und Norwegen haben die neuen Strukturen bereits generell umgesetzt. In Belgien, Finnland, Frankreich und Spanien gibt es verbindliche Terminpläne. Eher zögerlich zeigen sich Bulgarien, Griechenland, Rumänien, Schweden, die Schweiz und Ungarn. In Deutschland gibt es ab 2005/06 in Bremen, ab 2006/07 in NRW, spätestens 2009/10 überall ausschließlich Bachelor (BA) und Master (MA). Im Sommersemester 2005 wurden insgesamt bereits 1453 Bachelor- und 1481 Masterstudiengänge angeboten, das entspricht 26 % aller Studiengänge.
Heidegger on Subjectivity and Self-Consciousness
Authors: Grove Peter
Published: March 2010

The article aims at a determination of Heidegger's contribution to a theory of subjectivity and self-consciousness. It does so through a discussion of Øverenget's book on this topic and in particular of his thesis that according to Heidegger the self is given “with” our consciousness of objects. Three ways are considered in which this thesis might apply on the one hand to Heidegger's argument and on the other to the phenomenon in question: with Kant as an expression of a functional conception of our self-awareness, as a determination of its epistemic structure, and as a claim of the irreducible concreteness of subjectivity. It is, among other things, argued that the first way at best does not exhaust the thesis, that the second way corresponds to Heidegger's intention, but that his argumentation does not reach such a determination, and that the third way expresses both his ultimate intention and the field of his real contribution in the theory of subjectivity. Besides, it is argued that Heidegger at these points is much closer to German idealism than he and Øverenget realize.
Optimization of Production Conditions in Cement Mill to Achieve Optimal Cement Properties at Early Ages
Authors: Svinning K. , Høskuldsson A.
Published: March 2010

A statistical model was evaluated for predicting the two properties of cement, setting time and the amount of water required to achieve standard consistency, from the production conditions in a cement mill. The evaluation was performed by the application of partial least square regression. The observation X-matrix was partitioned into two sub-matrices, one containing observed component compositions in the cement samples and the other containing observed process conditions. A model for predicting potential properties of the process condition was then evaluated. Potential setting time and potential amount of water required to achieve standard consistency were predicted from the observed variation in the process variables only. The component composition was kept constant and equal to their mean values. The predictions explained significant variation in both properties. Sensitivity analysis based on simulation, optimization, and prediction made it possible to study the influence of the grinding process on the properties. The characteristics of the cement like the superficial microstructure from thermogravimetric analysis were included in the investigation to explain more mechanistically or chemically the variation in the properties.
Prediction of Potential Compressive Strength of Portland Clinker from Production Conditions in Cement Kiln
Authors: Svinning Ketil , Høskuldsson Agnar
Published: March 2010

Statistical models for prediction of potential compressive strength up to 28 days of Portland clinker from production conditions in a cement kiln have been evaluated. The potential compressive strength of clinker was predicted from the mineralogy part of the microstructure of cement. The mineralogy of the clinker was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRDA) and the potential compressive strength was predicted from XRD-patterns of two selected 2θ ranges. The statistical method applied for evaluating the prediction models was partial least square regression (PLS). The influence of the production variables was examined by sensitivity analysis using simulation by optimization of variation, and prediction. Significant minimum and maximum strength at 1 and 28 days, respectively, was achieved by optimizing the production condition. The influence of production conditions alone on the strength at 28 days was higher than on the strength at 1 day. The methodology demonstrated is not limited to strength (which is easily measured directly), but it is also applicable to other more difficult/expensive achievable performance parameters that may beneficially be optimized via prediction from cement characteristics before actually documenting it for the most promising final products.
Statistical Analysis of Flexural Tensile Strength of Clay Masonry as a Function of Void Area
Authors: Bennett Richard M. , Sanders John P. , Bryja Jim
Published: March 2010

Extensive bond wrench testing of clay brick with different void areas has recently been performed. The data set is very comprehensive, testing different types of brick, brick with low and high initial rate of absorption, different mortar types, and voids ranging from 22 to 36 %. All pairwise combinations within each data set were compared with the U-test. The U-test tests for statistically significant difference between means of two data sets. The U-test is distribution-free, is nearly as statistically efficient as the t-test, can handle different sample sizes, and is robust against different variances. Approximately one-half of the comparisons showed no statistical difference in bond strength with different void areas. Of those that showed statistically significant difference, an essentially equal number showed higher bond strength with lower void area as those pairs that showed lower bond strength with lower void area. From the statistical testing, it is clear that flexural tensile strength is not a function of brick void percentage for the range of voids tested.
Network Level Testing for Pavement Structural Evaluation Using a Rolling Wheel Deflectometer
Authors: Gedafa Daba S. , Hossain Mustaque , Miller Richard , Steele Douglas A.
Published: March 2010

Structural evaluation can be very useful at the network level of pavement management for project prioritization purposes. However, due to expenses involved in data collection and analysis, pavements are not tested for structural capacity at the network level. Rolling wheel deflectometer (RWD), which measures surface deflections at highway speed, is an alternate, faster method of pavement deflection testing for network level data collection. This study was initiated to assess the feasibility of using RWD for network level pavement deflection measurements. RWD deflection data was collected under an 80-kN axle load and at about highway speed on non-interstate highways in northeast Kansas in July 2006. Falling-wheel deflectometer (FWD) data on these roads, collected from 1998 to 2006, were also used for comparison. The computed effective structural numbers from both FWD and RWD deflection data were compared. The results show that the deflections measured by RWD and the center (first sensor) deflections from FWD are statistically similar. The effective structural numbers computed from the FWD and RWD deflection measurements are also statistically similar. Thus RWD appears to be a valuable tool for structural capacity evaluation of pavements at the network level.
Haydn-Gellert, Betrachtung des Todes: A meeting of tradition and innovation
Authors: Komlós Katalin
Published: March 2010

Haydn’s
Betrachtung des Todes
, a late little masterpiece by the composer, represents the simultaneity of the old and the new. The text is the second verse of Gellert’s fourteen-verse poem ‘Wie sicher lebt der Mensch, der Staub!’, No. 50 in the volume
Geistliche Oden und Lieder
, 1757. In the short catalogue at the end of the volume Gellert names the hymn ‘Herr Jesu Christ, meines Lebens Licht’, as the appropriate melody for the poem. Haydn’s vocal trio with
basso continuo
is perhaps the most extraordinary setting in the series of the
Mehrstimmige Gesänge
(Hob. XXVb:3). Its harmonies and key changes uncannily foreshadow the language of Schubert and Mendelssohn. The musical representation of the poetic lines, on the other hand, is full of rhetorical devices. Most startling is the presence of figured bass, as an anachronistic code for the keyboard accompaniment. Co-existence of Baroque and Romantic, or ‘First Viennese Modernism’ (James Webster): the roots of the composer’s professional education preserved in a highly innovative setting of an old Protestant poem, in the very last years of the eighteenth century.
‘Newness which never perishes’? Schoenberg’s ambivalent reception of Haydn
Authors: Carpenter Alexander
Published: March 2010

This paper explores Arnold Schoenberg’s curious ambivalence towards Haydn. Schoenberg recognized Haydn as an important figure in the German serious music tradition, but never closely examined or clearly articulated Haydn’s influence and import on his own musical style and ethos, as he did with many other major composers. This paper argues that Schoenberg failed to explicitly recognize Haydn as a major influence because he saw Haydn as he saw himself, namely as a somewhat ungainly, paradoxical figure, with one foot in the past and one in the future. In his voluminous writings on music, Haydn is mentioned by Schoenberg far less frequently than Bach, Mozart, or Beethoven, and his music appears rarely as examples in Schoenberg’s theoretical texts. When Schoenberg does talk about Haydn’s music, he invokes — with tacit negativity — its accessibility, counterpoising it with more recondite music, such as Beethoven’s, or his own. On the other hand, Schoenberg also praises Haydn for his complex, irregular phrasing and harmonic exploration. Haydn thus appears in Schoenberg’s writings as a figure invested with ambivalence: a key member of the First Viennese triumvirate, but at the same time he is curiously phantasmal, and is accorded a peripheral place in Schoenberg’s version of the canon and his own musical genealogy.