bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key Role of Size and Electronic Configuration on the Sign and Strength of the Magnetic Coupling in a Series of Cu2Ln Trimers (Ln = Ce, Gd, Tb, Dy and Er)
Authors: Ghosh Soumavo , Gómez García Carlos , Clemente-Juan Juan , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: December 2015

Five new trinuclear complexes with formula [(CuLα−Me)2Ce(NO3)3] (1) and [(CuLα−Me)2Ln(H2O)(NO3)2](NO3)·2(CH3OH) (Ln = Gd(2), Tb(3), Dy(4) and Er(5)) have been synthesized using the bidentate N2O2 donor metalloligand [CuLα−Me] (H2Lα−Me = N,N′-bis(α-methylsalicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine) and structurally characterized. In the case of compound 1, the larger ionic radius of Ce(III) leads to a neutral trinuclear complex with an asymmetric CeO10 tetradecahedron coordination geometry formed by four oxygen atoms from two (CuLα−Me) units and three bidentate NO3− ligands. In contrast, the isomorphic complexes 2–5, with smaller Ln(III) ions, give rise to monocationic trinuclear complexes with a non-coordinated nitrate as a counter ion. In these complexes, the Ln(III) ions show a LnO9 tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination geometry with C2 symmetry formed by four oxygen atoms from two (CuLα−Me) units, two bidentate NO3− ligands and a water molecule. The magnetic properties show the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interactions in 1 and weak ferromagnetic interactions in 2–5. The fit of the magnetic properties of compounds 2–5 to a simple isotropic-exchange symmetric trimer model, including the anisotropy of the Ln(III) ions, shows that in all cases the Cu-Ln magnetic coupling is weak (JCu-Ln = 1.81, 1.27, 0.88 and 0.31 cm−1 for 2–5, respectively) and linearly decreases as the number of unpaired f electrons of the Ln(III) decreases. The value found in compound 2 nicely fits with the previously established correlation between the dihedral Cu–O–O–Gd angle and the J value.
Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides
Authors: Song Lin , Chen Xiaolin , Liu Xiaodong , Zhang Fubo , Hu Linfeng , Yue Yang , Li Kecheng , Li Pengcheng
Published: December 2015

Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. In addition, biological activity analysis showed that all three SPs had immune-modulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, and SPs from S. qingdaoense had the best effect. Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. G. filicina SP exhibited the strongest anti-AIV activity. These results revealed the variations in structural features and bioactivities among three SPs and indicated the potential adjuvants for immune-enhancement and anti-AIV.
Structural and Immunological Activity Characterization of a Polysaccharide Isolated from Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus
Authors: Li Li , Li Heng , Qian Jianying , He Yongfeng , Zheng Jialin , Lu Zhenming , Xu Zhenghong , Shi Jinsong
Published: December 2015

Polysaccharides from marine clams perform various biological activities, whereas information on structure is scarce. Here, a water-soluble polysaccharide MMPX-B2 was isolated from Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus. The proposed structure was deduced through characterization and its immunological activity was investigated. MMPX-B2 consisted of d-glucose and d-galctose residues at a molar ratio of 3.51:1.00. The average molecular weight of MMPX-B2 was 510 kDa. This polysaccharide possessed a main chain of (1→4)-linked-α-d-glucopyranosyl residues, partially substituted at the C-6 position by a few terminal β-d-galactose residues or branched chains consisting of (1→3)-linked β-d-galactose residues. Preliminary immunological tests in vitro showed that MMPX-B2 could stimulate the murine macrophages to release various cytokines, and the structure-activity relationship was then established. The present study demonstrated the potential immunological activity of MMPX-B2, and provided references for studying the active ingredients in M. meretrix.
Study on Austenitization Kinetics of SA508 Gr.3 Steel Based on Isoconversional Method
Authors: Luo Xiaomeng , Han Lizhan , Gu Jianfeng
Published: December 2015

The austenitization kinetics of SA508 Gr.3 steel during heating was studied using the isoconversional method combined with continuous thermal dilatometric tests for the first time. The model-free austenitization kinetics was built and the effective activation energy as a function of transformed austenite fraction was determined without transformation models. Then, the corresponding regression validation was carried out. The time-temperature-austenitization (TTA) diagram of SA508 Gr.3 steel, which is very difficult to be obtained using experiment measures, was constructed. Finally, the austenitization kinetics in a more realistic case, i.e., under non-constant heating rates, was predicted, which is found to agree well with the experimental results.
Polyphenolic Composition and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Osmotic Fragility and Cytotoxic Effects of Raphiodon echinus (Nees & Mart.) Schauer
Authors: Duarte Antonia , Waczuk Emily , Roversi Katiane , Da Silva Maria , Barros Luiz , Da Cunha Francisco , De Menezes Irwin , Da Costa José , Boligon Aline , Ademiluyi Adedayo , Kamdem Jean , Rocha João , Burger Marilise
Published: December 2015

Raphiodon echinus (R. echinus) is used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation, coughs, and infectious diseases. However, no information is available on the potential antioxidant, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of this plant. In this study, the polyphenolic constituents, antioxidant capacity and potential toxic effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of R. echinus on human erythrocytes and leukocytes were investigated for the first time. R. echinus extracts showed the presence of Gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic and ellagic acids, rutin, quercitrin and quercetin. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of R. echinus exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging with IC50 = 111.9 μg/mL (EtOH extract) and IC50 = 227.9 μg/mL (aqueous extract). The extracts inhibited Fe2+ (10 μM) induced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation in rat brain and liver homogenates. The extracts (30–480 μg/mL) did not induce genotoxicity, cytotoxicity or osmotic fragility in human blood cells. The findings of this present study therefore suggest that the therapeutic effect of R. echinus may be, in part, related to its antioxidant potential. Nevertheless, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to ascertain the safety margin of its use in folk medicine.
Self-Assembly of 1D/2D Hybrid Nanostructures Consisting of a Cd(II) Coordination Polymer and NiAl-Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Abellán Gonzalo , Amo-Ochoa Pilar , Fierro José , Ribera Antonio , Coronado Eugenio , Zamora Félix
Published: December 2015

The preparation and characterization of a novel hybrid material based on the combination of a 2D-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets and a 1D-coordination polymer (1D-CP) has been achieved through a simple mixture of suspensions of both building blocks via an exfoliation/restacking approach. The hybrid material has been thoroughly characterized demonstrating that the 1D-CP moieties are intercalated as well as adsorbed on the surface of the LDH, giving rise to a layered assembly with the coexistence of the functionalities of their initial constituents. This hybrid represents the first example of the assembly of 1D/2D nanomaterials combining LDH with CP and opens the door for a plethora of different functional hybrid systems.
Tilted Orientation of Photochromic Dyes with Guest-Host Effect of Liquid Crystalline Polymer Matrix for Electrical UV Sensing
Authors: Ranjkesh Amid , Park Min-Kyu , Park Do , Park Ji-Sub , Choi Jun-Chan , Kim Sung-Hoon , Kim Hak-Rin
Published: December 2015

We propose a highly oriented photochromic dye film for an ultraviolet (UV)-sensing layer, where spirooxazine (SO) derivatives are aligned with the liquid crystalline UV-curable reactive mesogens (RM) using a guest-host effect. For effective electrical UV sensing with a simple metal-insulator-metal structure, our results show that the UV-induced switchable dipole moment amount of the SO derivatives is high; however, their tilting orientation should be controlled. Compared to the dielectric layer with the nearly planar SO dye orientation, the photochromic dielectric layer with the moderately tilted dye orientation shows more than seven times higher the UV-induced capacitance variation.
Nano-Anatase TiO2 for High Performance Optical Humidity Sensing on Chip
Authors: Ghadiry Mahdiar , Gholami Mehrdad , Choon Kong Lai , Wu Yi Chong , Ahmad Harith , Alias Yatima
Published: December 2015

An on-chip optical humidity sensor using Nano-anatase TiO2 coating is presented here. The coating material was prepared so that the result is in solution form, making the fabrication process quick and simple. Then, the solution was effortlessly spin-coated on an SU8 straight channel waveguide. Investigating the sensitivity and performance (response time) of the device revealed a great linearity in the wide range (35% to 98%) of relative humidity (RH). In addition, a variation of more than 14 dB in transmitted optical power was observed, with a response time of only ~0.7 s. The effect of coating concentration and UV treatment was examined on the performance and repeatability of the sensor. Interesting observations were found, and the attributed mechanisms were described. In addition, the proposed sensor was extensively compared with other state-of-the-art proposed counterparts from the literature and remarkable advantages were found. Since a high sensitivity of ~0.21 dB/%RH and high dynamic performances were demonstrated, this sensor is proposed for use in biomedical applications.
Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibits the PARsylation Activity of Tankyrase—A Potential Strategy for Suppression of the Wnt Pathway
Authors: Roy Sujayita , Liu Fengjie , Arav-Boger Ravit
Published: December 2015

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was reported to downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Induction of Axin1, the negative regulator of the Wnt pathway, has been reported as an important mechanism for inhibition of β-catenin. Since Tankyrase (TNKS) negatively regulates Axin1, we investigated the effect of HCMV on TNKS expression and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARsylation) activity, during virus replication. Starting at 24 h post infection, HCMV stabilized the expression of TNKS and reduced its PARsylation activity, resulting in accumulation of Axin1 and reduction in its PARsylation as well. General PARsylation was not changed in HCMV-infected cells, suggesting specific inhibition of TNKS PARsylation. Similarly, treatment with XAV939, a chemical inhibitor of TNKS’ activity, resulted in the accumulation of TNKS in both non-infected and HCMV-infected cell lines. Reduction of TNKS activity or knockdown of TNKS was beneficial for HCMV, evidenced by its improved growth in fibroblasts. Our results suggest that HCMV modulates the activity of TNKS to induce Axin1, resulting in inhibition of the β-catenin pathway. Since HCMV replication is facilitated by TNKS knockdown or inhibition of its activity, TNKS may serve as an important virus target for control of a variety of cellular processes.
Land Use/Cover Change Impacts on Water Table Change over 25 Years in a Desert-Oasis Transition Zone of the Heihe River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Gao Yanchun , Wang Sheng
Published: December 2015

Groundwater resources are becoming the primary factor for maintaining life in arid areas. Understanding land use/cover change and its effect on groundwater depth would enhance land use and groundwater management for typical desert-oasis transition zones. Reduction of groundwater recharge and increase of groundwater exploitation during 1985 and 2010 led to the decrease of groundwater depth in Linze County. The region with groundwater depth less than 5 m decreased by 187 km2 from 1985 to 2010 as a result of industrial growth, agricultural and economic development. Land use has undergone significant spatial and temporal changes. Farmland and built up land expanded by 53.02% and 30.91%, respectively. The expansion of farmland reached a peak between 1996 and 2005 with an increasing rate of 25.70%, while areas of grassland, woodland, water body and unused land decreased, and the decreasing rate was 9.38%, 58.35% and 19.81%. From 1985 to 2010, the groundwater depth rose slightly (0–1.2 m) in the edge of desert (24.21 km2), which was caused by the surrounding farmland irrigation recharge. The drawdown range of groundwater depth between 0 and 3 m was distributed in the central oasis, which was caused by the expansion of farmland and degradation of natural vegetation. This study aims to provide a basis for the reasonable utilization of water resources, the formation of management strategies, as well as to provide ecosystem stability and sustainable development of oases in the study area.
Stress Dependent Vowel Reduction
Authors: Khanjian Hrayr
Published: December 2015

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Tonal Mapping in Cantonese Vocative Reduplication
Authors: Yu Alan C. L.
Published: December 2015

n/a
Focused N-Words and Double Negation Readings in Negative Concord Languages
Authors: St-Amour Michelle
Published: December 2015

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On double access, cessation and parentheticality
Authors: Altshuler Daniel Gordon , Hacquard Valentine , Roberts Thomas , White Aaron Steven
Published: December 2015

Arguably the biggest challenge in analyzing English tense is to account for the double access interpretation, which arises when a present tensed verb is embedded under a past attitude—e.g. John said that Mary is pregnant. Present-under-past does not always result in a felicitous utterance, however—cf. #John believed that Mary is pregnant. While such oddity has been noted, the contrast hasnever been explained. In fact, English grammars and manuals generally prohibit present-under-past. Work on double access, on the other hand, has either disregarded the oddity (e.g. Abusch 1997: 39) or treated it as a reflex of a particular dialect (e.g. Kratzer 1998: 14). The goal of the paper is to argue—based on a corpus study—that a present-under-past sentence is grammatical, but modulated by two, interacting pragmatic phenomena: cessation and parentheticality.
An argument for definitional adequacy of RESULT and NARRATION
Authors: Altshuler Daniel , Varasdi Karoly
Published: December 2015

Discourse relations link two different discourse units into a compound unit, and it is the presence of such relations that gives a discourse coherence. For example, the relations RESULT and NARRATION are responsible for the perceived "narrative progression" of the events described in the discourse. Building on Hobbs (1985) and Kehler (2002), we use the definitions of RESULT and NARRATION to derive constraints that pertain to the internal structure of discourse units, and we argue that the plausibility of these constraints lends a new type of support for the definitions that we propose.
Two kinds of definites in numeral classifier languages
Authors: Jenks Peter
Published: December 2015

Numeral classifier languages distinguish definite noun phrases licensed by uniqueness from those licensed by familiarity. Unique definites are expressed by bare nouns or null pronouns, while familiar definites are expressed by indexicals such as demonstrative descriptions or overt pronouns. This generalization parallels the observation by Schwarz (2009) that German distinguishes unique versus familiar or anaphoric definiteness in its article system. The difference between the two kinds of definites can be reduced to the presence of a semantic index in the case of familiar definites. As familiar definites occur in most E-type contexts, including donkey anaphora, and uniqueness definites are not possible in these contexts, these facts provide support to dynamic analyses of E-type anaphora and pose problems for uniqueness-based approaches, such as the theory of Elbourne (2013).
Bias in commitment space semantics: Declarative questions, negated quetions, and question tags
Authors: Krifka Manfred
Published: December 2015

The paper introduces a formal framework for communication that captures not only information that is agreed upon by the interlocutors, but also the possible legal continuations of the communicative exchange. It allows for modeling conjunction, disjunction and denegation of speech acts. Assertions are analyzed as commitments of interlocutors for the truth of propositions. Questions are conversational moves that restrict the legal continuations to assertions by the other participant; this allows for the modeling of questions that restricts continuations to just one assertion. The framework is applied to biased questions, to questions with high and low negation, and to two types of question tags.
RESOLVED MILLIMETER-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF DEBRIS DISKS AROUND SOLAR-TYPE STARS
Authors: Steele Amy , Hughes A. Meredith , Carpenter John , Ricarte Angelo , Andrews Sean M. , Wilner David J. , Chiang Eugene
Published: December 2015

The presence of debris disks around young main-sequence stars hints at the existence and structure of planetary systems. Millimeter-wavelength observations probe large grains that trace the location of planetesimal belts. The Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems Spitzer Legacy survey of nearby young solar analogues yielded a sample of five debris disk-hosting stars with millimeter flux suitable for interferometric follow-up. We present observations with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy at ∼2″ resolution that spatially resolve the debris disks around these nearby (d ∼ 50 pc) stars. Two of the five disks (HD 377, HD 8907) are spatially resolved for the first time and one (HD 104860) is resolved at millimeter wavelengths for the first time. We combine our new observations with archival SMA and Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array data to enable a uniform analysis of the full five-object sample. We simultaneously model the broadband photometric data and resolved millimeter visibilities to constrain the dust temperatures and disk morphologies, and perform a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis to fit for basic structural parameters. We find that the radii and widths of the cold outer belts exhibit properties consistent with scaled-up versions of the Solar System's Kuiper Belt. All the disks exhibit characteristic grain sizes comparable to the blowout size, and all the resolved observations of emission from large dust grains are consistent with an axisymmetric dust distribution to within the uncertainties. These results are consistent with comparable studies carried out at infrared wavelengths.
X-RAY AFTERGLOW OF SWIFT J1644+57: A COMPTON ECHO?
Authors: Cheng K. S. , Chernyshov D. O. , Dogiel V. A. , Kong Albert K. H. , Ko C. M.
Published: December 2015

Swift, Chandra, and XMM have found a weak but nearly constant X-ray component from Swift J1644+57 that appeared at ∼500 days and was visible at least until ∼1400 days after the stellar capture, which cannot be explained by standard tidal disruption theories. We suggest that this X-ray afterglow component may result from the Thomson scattering between the primary X-rays and its surrounding plasma, i.e., a Compton echo effect. Similar phenomena have also been observed from molecular clouds in our Galactic Center, which were caused by the past activity of Srg A*. If this interpretation of Swift J1644+57 afterglow is correct, this is the first Compton Echo effect observed in the cosmological distances.
ON THE METALLICITY AND ORIGIN OF THE SMITH HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUD*
Authors: Fox Andrew J. , Lehner Nicolas , Lockman Felix J. , Wakker Bart P. , Hill Alex S. , Heitsch Fabian , Stark David V. , Barger Kathleen A. , Sembach Kenneth R. , Rahman Mubdi
Published: December 2015

The Smith Cloud (SC) is a gaseous high-velocity cloud (HVC) in an advanced state of accretion, only 2.9 kpc below the Galactic plane and due to impact the disk in ≈27 Myr. It is unique among HVCs in having a known distance (12.4 ± 1.3 kpc) and a well-constrained 3D velocity (296 km s−1), but its origin has long remained a mystery. Here we present the first absorption-line measurements of its metallicity, using Hubble Space Telescope/COS UV spectra of three active galactic nuclei lying behind the Cloud together with Green Bank Telescope 21 cm spectra of the same directions. Using Voigt-profile fitting of the S ii
λλ1250, 1253, 1259 triplet together with ionization corrections derived from photoionization modeling, we derive the sulfur abundance in each direction; a weighted average of the three measurements gives [S/H] = −0.28 ± 0.14, or

solar metallicity. The finding that the SC is metal-enriched lends support to scenarios where it represents recycled Galactic material, rather than the remnant of a dwarf galaxy or accreting intergalactic gas. The metallicity and trajectory of the Cloud are both indicative of an origin in the outer disk. However, its large mass and prograde kinematics remain to be fully explained. If the cloud has accreted cooling gas from the corona during its fountain trajectory, as predicted in recent theoretical work, its current mass would be higher than its launch mass, alleviating the mass concern.
THE EXTENT OF POWER-LAW ENERGY SPECTRA IN COLLISIONLESS RELATIVISTIC MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN PAIR PLASMAS
Authors: Werner G. R. , Uzdensky D. A. , Cerutti B. , Nalewajko K. , Begelman M. C.
Published: December 2015

Using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we characterize the energy spectra of particles accelerated by relativistic magnetic reconnection (without guide field) in collisionless electron–positron plasmas, for a wide range of upstream magnetizations σ and system sizes L. The particle spectra are well-represented by a power law

, with a combination of exponential and super-exponential high-energy cutoffs, proportional to σ and L, respectively. For large L and σ, the power-law index α approaches about 1.2.
A benchmark survey of the common plants of South Northumberland and Durham, United Kingdom
Authors: Groom Quentin , Durkin John , O'Reilly John , Mclay Andy , Richards A , Angel Janet , Horsley Angela , Rogers Megs , Young Gordon
Published: December 2015

It is obvious to anyone studying plants in the landscape that man-made environmental change is having profound effects on the abundance, distribution and composition of plant communities. Nevertheless, quantifying these changes and estimating the impact of the different drivers of change is extremely difficult. Botanical surveying can potentially provide insights to the changes that are occurring and inform decisions related to conservation, agriculture and forestry policy. However, much of botanical surveying is conducted in such a way that it is not comparable between dates and places. Any comparison of historical and modern data has to account for biases in the recording of different taxonomic groups, geographic biases and varying surveying effort in time. In 2010 botanical recorders in the Vice Counties of Durham and South Northumberland in the United Kingdom decided to conduct a four year survey specifically to benchmark the abundance and distribution of common plants in their counties. It is intended that this survey will provide a relatively unbiased assessment with which to compare future and past surveys of the area and a means to study the drivers of biodiversity change in the North-east of England.

This survey of Durham and South Northumberland has been designed with two goals, firstly to provide information on common vascular plant species and secondly to provide a dataset that will be versatile with respect to the sorts of questions that can be answered with the data. The survey is primarily an occupancy study of 1km2 grid squares, however, observers were also asked to provide a relative abundance estimate of the species in each grid square. The collection of relative abundance estimate data was an experiment to assess the repeatablity and useablity of such estimates.
Analyse qualitative exploratoire des liens entre l’interaction entraîneur-joueuses, les représentations mutuelles de l’entraînement et la performance sportive
Authors: Rémy Élodie , Manfredini Tiber , Cloes Marc
Published: December 2015

L’objectif de l’étude consistait à étudier des dynamiques psychosociales, afin de dégager des pistes d’action concrètes pour les sportifs et les membres de leur encadrement. Respectant une approche qualitative combinant plusieurs types d’instruments, notre analyse portait sur l’étude de trois équipes féminines de basket-ball, dans la perspective d’illustrer la difficulté d’établir une relation fonctionnelle et raisonnée de la relation entraîneur-joueuses, permettant d’organiser la dynamique interne entre les sportifs. Notre analyse nous a conduits à identifier trois configurations de la relation entraîneur-joueuses, qui semblent peu propices à une utilisation optimale des ressources en présence, en vue d’atteindre une performance sportive en accord avec celles-ci. Elle souligne l’existence de carences, qui sucitent une structuration du groupe et une définition de ses aspirations par défaut.
La formation des travailleuses (1950-1968) : une revendication du syndicalisme mondial ? Contribution à une histoire dénationalisée de la formation des adultes
Authors: Laot Françoise F.
Published: December 2015

Cet article propose un nouvel éclairage sur l’histoire de la formation des adultes à partir de l’exemple précis de la formation des travailleuses. Il y étudie la manière dont les organisations syndicales internationales (OSI) s’emparent du thème et participent, à travers leurs revendications, à l’élaboration d’un discours transnational sur la formation professionnelle des jeunes filles et des femmes. Participantes en titre aux grandes conférences internationales de l’Organisation internationale du travail et de l’Unesco, elles y ont favorisé les échanges entre syndicats nationaux, représentants des États et des employeurs, et dès lors permis de faire avancer cette question qui semblait jusqu’alors peu prioritaire. La recherche menée dans plusieurs fonds d’archives a mis au jour le rôle qu’y ont joué cinq militantes, impliquées dans leurs OSI et leurs confédérations nationales respectives, ainsi que dans différents réseaux. Reprises à l’échelle nationale, leurs revendications ont contribué à ébranler les politiques françaises de formation en direction des femmes.
La prescription de psychotropes chez l’enfant : obstacles et motivations
Authors: Monloubou Céline , Forgeard Louis , Villand Anne , Peuch-Lestrade Jean , Gansel Yannis
Published: December 2015

Cet article a pour objet l’analyse des facteurs spécifiques impliqués dans la prescription des psychotropes pour enfants. Notre travail s’est construit à partir d’une étude qualitative auprès de neuf soignants de trois centres de jour pour enfants. Cette étude porte sur leurs représentations de la prescription du psychotrope aux enfants. Un invariant est ressorti de cette étude : le principe selon lequel la chimiothérapie ne doit être utilisée qu’en dernier recours. Cette idée peut être rattachée à des fantasmes angoissants de maltraitance de l’enfant et de condamnation à un avenir asilaire, qui constituent plutôt un obstacle à la prescription. Pour autant, la violence que renvoie dans certains cas la symptomatologie de l’enfant et le contre-transfert qu’il suscite chez le soignant motivent l’usage de la prescription, bien plus que tout rattachement théorique. La question de la prescription vient donc à la fois révéler la contre-violence du soignant tout en la mettant à distance.
Personal Learning Environments
Authors: Oliveira Nuno Ricardo , Morgado Lina
Published: December 2015

Over the past 10 years there has been a great evolution of technology and the way the teaching and learning process is developed, as well as how research and publication are carried out. The Web 2.0, a term coined by O'Reilly in 2004, has introduced a new concept to the use of the Internet, in particular as it relates to the educational framework. The web 2.0 tools allow the creation of emerging ubiquitous environments that enable the development and management of a real Personal Learning Environment (PLE). This chapter is a proposal for the “Handbook of Applied Research on E-Learning in Engineering and Architecture Education” and represents a literature review on the topic of Personal Learning Environments (PLE). It explores the definition around the concept of PLE, its history, the advantages for its use in a lifelong learning process and its importance in the scope of the present research.
Towards a Flexible Cloud Education Environment
Authors: Rizzardini Rocael Hernandez , Gütl Christian
Published: December 2015

Web 2.0 tools offer innovative technologies for learning and training, and it exists a strong pedagogical foundation to include such tools in education. As a consequence of its more widespread usage arise issues in the context of managing these cloud services, such as to create adapted instances tool resources, to assign such resources to teachers and learners, and others. Web and educational interoperability technologies have provided initial paths toward building this type of e-Learning 3.0 cloud education environments, however, fundamental challenges remain such as granular tool resources management, and the lack of use of Semantic Web technologies to leverage automatic machine-processable tool API. To overcome these issues, an holistic model for flexible interoperability is contributed in this chapter. Covered aspects includes a semantic definition of tools' API, an interoperability service framework capable to automatically process APIs, a semantic proxy that enables usage of current APIs, and a system for learning activities orchestration using these tools. Furthermore, advanced semantic technologies to support the model for flexible interoperability are analyzed.
Multidimensional Assessment of Open-Ended Questions for Enhancing the Quality of Peer Assessment in E-Learning Environments
Authors: Hoang Loc Phuoc , Phuong Le Anh , Arch-int Somjit , Arch-Int Ngamnij
Published: December 2015

In online learning environments, peer assessment activities lack the observation and supervision by the teacher or instructor. Therefore, students may be lacked full effort to assess their peers. There exist the students' hesitation about criticizing their peers and scoring their peers honestly, the likelihood for peer assessment to be occasionally unreliable and unfair. The present assessment methods focus only on the single-dimensional assessment of content rather than the activities and collaborations among the students. Students also have no chance to analyze and comment on their peer answers. This study explored the multidimensional assessment method on open-ended question to foster positive attitudes and full effort among students engaging in E-learning environments. The objectives are as follows: 1) To develop a process model for multidimensional assessment (M-DA) to enable effective learning 2) To develop free-text answers assessment by using vector space model and semantic extraction model 3) To develop an algorithm for evaluating students' based on multidimensional assessment. Two groups of parallel students taking an e-course were tested on the system. The results of experiment noted that the proposed method overcomes the method just focuses on student assessment only without consideration and evaluation of the quality of the peer assessment. In light of the findings, the proposed method actively impacted on the development and improvement of learning and the quality of peer assessment among students in E-learning environments.
Digital Technologies in Architecture and Engineering
Authors: Eloy Sara , Dias Miguel Sales , Lopes Pedro Faria , Vilar Elisângela
Published: December 2015

This chapter focuses on the development and adoption of new Multimedia, Computer Aided Design, and other ICT technologies for both Architecture and Computer Science curricula and highlights the multidisciplinary work that can be accomplished when these two areas work together. The authors describe in detail the addressed educational skills and the related developed research and highlight the contributions towards the improvements of teaching and learning in those areas. This chapter discusses the role of digital technologies, such as Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Multimedia, 3D Modelling software systems, Design Processes and its evaluation tools, such as Shape Grammar and Space Syntax, within the Architecture curricula.
Interactive Learning System for Primary Schools using Tablet PC
Authors: Chandio Asghar Ali , Hussain Zahid , Vighio Muhammad Saleem , Leghari Mehwish
Published: December 2015

The rapid development in technology has facilitated human beings in many ways such as automated home appliances, smart vehicles, smart mobile phones, and tablet computers. The uses of these tools and techniques are increasing in our daily lives to facilitate day to day work. The new trends in technology have focused on finding approaches towards improved learning techniques. Various tools are being used to integrate Information and Communication Technology in education. Tablet Personal Computers (PCs) are one of the new and innovative tools used in education for enhancing learning skills. This research has been conducted in five primary schools, where students of class nursery to class three were taught basic lessons using Tablet PC. In this research an application has been developed on android platform with easy to use interface, where the students were able to perform simple arithmetic calculations and learned alphabet of Sindhi and English languages in visual form. During the experiment, it was observed that with visual aids students understood lessons more clearly and easily.
Big Data and Service Science
Authors: Ho Tu-Bao , Taewijit Siriwon , Ho Quang-Bach , Dam Hieu-Chi
Published: December 2015

Big data is about handling huge and/or complex datasets that conventional technologies cannot handle or handle well. Big data is currently receiving tremendous attention from both industry and academia as there is much more data around us than ever before. This chapter addresses the relationship between big data and service science, especially how big data can contribute to the process of co-creation of service value. In particular, the value co-creation in terms of customer relationship management is mentioned. The chapter starts with brief descriptions of big data, machine learning and data mining methods, service science and its model of value co-creation, and then addresses the key idea of how big data can contribute to co-create service value.
Information Systems Innovations Using Competitive Intelligence
Authors: Nemutanzhela Phathutshedzo
Published: December 2015

The chapter outlines Information System's (IS) innovations using Competitive Intelligence (CI). The theoretical foundation supporting this chapter was reviewed and Information System framework was implemented. Recommendations as to how the framework for Information Systems innovation was implemented have been addressed in this chapter. Knowledge is used as a focal factor for competitive advantage, through effective and efficient performances by employees in many organisations. As a result, knowledgeable employees are expected to share their knowledge with others to increase innovation within the organisation. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Generally, employees behave differently within an organisation. The main challenge is that no organisation has total control of its employees' behaviour and actions. The behaviour and action has an impact on how Information Systems are deployed for innovation, in creating competitive advantage. As a result, many systems have been deployed by different organisations in attempt to address this challenge for the interest.
Biological and Medical Big Data Mining
Authors: Tzanis George
Published: December 2015

This chapter discusses the concept of big data mining in the domain of biology and medicine. Biological and medical data are increasing at very rapid rates, which in many cases outpace even Moore's law. This is the result of recent technological development, as well as the exploratory attitude of human beings, that prompts scientists to answer more questions by conducting more experiments. Representative examples are the advances in sequencing and medical imaging technologies. Challenges posed by this data deluge, and the emerging opportunities of their efficient management and analysis are also part of the discussion. The major emphasis is given to the most common biological and medical data mining applications.
Business Intelligence Strategy
Authors: Hawking Paul , Carmine Sellitto Carmine
Published: December 2015

Although Business Intelligence is seen as priority by many companies, the level of benefits achieved varies significantly between firms. Researchers have indicated that not having an effective Business Intelligence strategy is a significant issue in regards to trying to realize organizational benefits. This paper adopting a case study method investigates an Australian energy company's Business Intelligence adoption and the development of a Business Intelligence strategy that directly informed the firm's information needs. The important elements of this strategy included using a set of guiding principles to ensure that there was a close alignment of Business Intelligence outcomes with the company's needs. The paper provides insights for researchers and practitioners on the important factors need to be considered to achieve effective Business Intelligence.
Implementation of Mining Techniques to Enhance Discovery in Service-Oriented Computing
Authors: Surianarayanan Chellammal , Ganapathy Gopinath
Published: December 2015

Web services have become the de facto platform for developing enterprise applications using existing interoperable and reusable services that are accessible over networks. Development of any service-based application involves the process of discovering and combining one or more required services (i.e. service discovery) from the available services, which are quite large in number. With the availability of several services, manually discovering required services becomes impractical and time consuming. In applications having composition or dynamic needs, manual discovery even prohibits the usage of services itself. Therefore, effective techniques which extract relevant services from huge service repositories in relatively short intervals of time are crucial. Discovery of service usage patterns and associations/relationships among atomic services would facilitate efficient service composition. Further, with availability of several services, it is more likely to find many matched services for a given query, and hence, efficient methods are required to present the results in useful form to enable the client to choose the best one. Data mining provides well known exploratory techniques to extract relevant and useful information from huge data repositories. In this chapter, an overview of various issues of service discovery and composition and how they can be resolved using data mining methods are presented. Various research works that employ data mining methods for discovery and composition are reviewed and classified. A case study is presented that serves as a proof of concept for how data mining techniques can enhance semantic service discovery.
Predictive Analytics and Data Mining
Authors: Chauhan Ritu , Kaur Harleen
Published: December 2015

High dimensional databases are proving to be a major concern among the researches to extract relevant information for futuristic decision making. Real world data is high dimensional in nature and comprises of irrelevant features, missing values, and redundancy, which requires serious concerns. Utilizing all such features can mislead the results for emergent prediction. Therefore, such databases are critical in nature to determine optimal solutions. To deal with such issues, the authors have developed and implemented a Cluster Analysis Study Behavior of School Children from Large Databases (CABS) framework to retrieve effective and efficient clusters from high dimensional human behavior datasets for school children in US. They have applied feature selection technique and hierarchical agglomerative clustering technique to discover clusters of vivid shape and size to retrieve knowledge from large databases. This study was conducted for Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) using Correlation-Based Feature Selection (CFS) technique to reduce the inconsistent data records and select relevant features that will eventually extract the appropriate data to merge similar data and retrieve clusters. However, predictive analytics can facilitate a more thorough extraction of knowledge to facilitate better quality and faster decisions. The authors have implemented the current framework in R language where the clustering was emphasized using pvclust package. The proposed framework is highly efficient in discovering hidden and implicit knowledge from large databases due to its accessibility to handling and discovering clusters of variant shapes.
Evaluation of Clustering Methods for Adaptive Learning Systems
Authors: Hämäläinen Wilhelmiina , Kumpulainen Ville , Mozgovoy Maxim
Published: December 2015

Clustering student data is a central task in the educational data mining and design of intelligent learning tools. The problem is that there are thousands of clustering algorithms but no general guidelines about which method to choose. The optimal choice is of course problem- and data-dependent and can seldom be found without trying several methods. Still, the purposes of clustering students and the typical features of educational data make certain clustering methods more suitable or attractive. In this chapter, the authors evaluate the main clustering methods from this perspective. Based on the analysis, the authors suggest the most promising clustering methods for different situations.
Application of Data Mining and Analysis Techniques for Renewable Energy Network Design and Optimization
Authors: Cai Tianxing
Published: December 2015

Energy supply is characterized by its diversity, including traditional energy, such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, as well as renewable energy, such as solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass, and wind energy. It involves a complex network system composed of energy generation, energy transformation, energy transportation, and energy consumption. The network does provide the great flexibility for energy transformation and transportation; meanwhile, it presents a complex task for conducting agile energy dispatching when extreme events have caused local energy shortages that need to be restored timely. One of the useful methodologies to solve such a problem is data mining and analysis. Their main objective is to take advantage of inherent tolerance of the imprecision and uncertainty to obtain tractability, robustness, and low solution-cost. The applications and developments of data mining and analysis have amazingly evolved in the last two decades. Many of these applications can be found in the field of renewable energy and energy efficiency where data mining and analysis techniques are showing a great potential to solve the problems that arise in this area. In this chapter, data mining and analysis techniques are briefly introduced. Then the implementation procedures are presented to demonstrate the application of curve fitting for renewable energy network design and optimization, which has the capability to handle the restoration during extreme and emergency situations with uncertain parameters.
Information Retrieval Technologies and the “Realities” of Music Information Seeking
Authors: Lavranos Charilaos , Kostagiolas Petros , Papadatos Joseph
Published: December 2015

Music information seeking incorporates the human activities that are carried out for the search and retrieval of music information. In recent years, the evolution of music technology holds a central role affecting the nature of music information seeking behavior. The research area that deals with the accessibility and the retrievability process of music information is known as Music Information Retrieval (MIR). This chapter focuses on the presentation of MIR technologies which has a direct impact in the way that individuals, as well as different music communities such as composers, performers, listeners, musicologists, etc., handle and utilize music information. The aim of this chapter is to investigate the way different music communities interact with MIR systems. Our approach is based on a selected literature review regarding the MIR systems and the information seeking behavior of the musicians.
Computer-Aided Deductive Critical Discourse Analysis of a Case Study from Mauritius with ATLAS-ti 6.2
Authors: Rambaree Komalsingh
Published: December 2015

This chapter considers computer-aided deductive critical discourse analysis with ATLAS-ti 6.2 using a case study on eco-social work research from Mauritius. Data for this case study were gathered in digital audio format from eight focus group discussions, three semi-structured interviews and various reports from secondary sources. For the analysis, a literature review using ATLAS-ti was first carried out, in order to develop a conceptual/theoretical framework related to eco-social work. Then, the gathered data were directly plugged into ATLAS-ti for a computer-aided deductive critical discourse analysis using the developed eco-social work conceptual/theoretical framework from the literature review. Using the case study as an example, this chapter (a) demonstrates the techniques, and (b) appraises the opportunities, limitations and challenges of computer-aided critical discourse analysis.
Validating a Model Predicting Retrieval Ordering Performance with Statistically Dependent Binary Features
Authors: Losee Robert M.
Published: December 2015

The Information Retrieval Dependence (IRD) model predicts retrieval performance, with some or all dependencies and where there are binary features. Simulations with the Information Retrieval Validation (IRV) software are described that have been used to validate the IRD predictive model, showing that the IRD model accurately or exactly predicts retrieval performance under a variety of conditions. Instead of using traditional research methods using a sample of realistic documents and realistic queries, the authors exhaustively examine all document, query, and relevance combinations within a certain size range. While each of the numbers of components may be small, going through all the permutations of the relevance judgments, terms, and documents produced in one situation 551370 predictions, all of them matching the empirical ordering, suggesting that the predicting method is valid and accurate.
Authenticity in Online Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Hermanrud Inge
Published: December 2015

Authenticity means that the closeness of observation matters for acceptance of new knowledge. The social norm of authenticity can have positive effects of colleagues to appreciate “better” knowledge within opportunity structures for knowledge sharing. However, how ICTs influence authenticity in knowledge sharing needs more attention in research on knowledge sharing through online networks. This chapter discusses recent findings of how ICTs (here the interactive tool GoToMeeting™) facilitate authenticity.