bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Optimized DNA Vaccine Targeting Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Stimulates Potent Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Yan Jian , Pankhong Panyupa , Shin Thomas H. , Obeng-Adjei Nyamekye , Morrow Matthew P. , Walters Jewell N. , Khan Amir S. , Sardesai Niranjan Y. , Weiner David B.
Published: July 2013

High levels of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) are detected in more than 85% of human cancers. Immunologic analysis supports that hTERT is a widely applicable target recognized by T cells and can be potentially studied as a broad cancer immunotherapeutic, or a unique line of defense against tumor recurrence. There remains an urgent need to develop more potent hTERT vaccines. Here, a synthetic highly optimized full-length hTERT DNA vaccine (phTERT) was designed and the induced immunity was examined in mice and non-human primates (NHP). When delivered by electroporation, phTERT elicited strong, broad hTERT-specific CD8 T-cell responses including induction of T cells expressing CD107a, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in mice. The ability of phTERT to overcome tolerance was evaluated in an NHP model, whose TERT is 96% homologous to that of hTERT. Immunized monkeys exhibited robust [average 1,834 spot forming unit (SFU)/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)], diverse (multiple immunodominant epitopes) IFN-γ responses and antigen-specific perforin release (average 332 SFU/106 PBMCs), suggesting that phTERT breaks tolerance and induces potent cytotoxic responses in this human-relevant model. Moreover, in an HPV16-associated tumor model, vaccination of phTERT slows tumor growth and improves survival rate in both prophylactic and therapeutic studies. Finally, in vivo cytotoxicity assay confirmed that phTERT-induced CD8 T cells exhibited specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, capable of eliminating hTERT-pulsed target cells. These findings support that this synthetic electroporation-delivered DNA phTERT may have a role as a broad therapeutic cancer vaccine candidate. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(3); 179–89. ©2013 AACR.
Effects of Interleukin-6 on the Expression of Tight Junction Proteins in Isolated Cerebral Microvessels from Yearling and Adult Sheep
Authors: Cohen Susan S. , Min May , Cummings Erin E. , Chen Xiaodi , Sadowska Grazyna B. , Sharma Surendra , Stonestreet Barbara S.
Published: July 2013

Objectives: The blood-brain barrier is a selective diffusion barrier between brain parenchyma and the intravascular compartment. Tight junctions are integral components of the blood-brain barrier. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are important in the pathogenesis of brain injury and could modify the protein constituents of tight junctions. We hypothesized that interleukin-6 (IL-6) downregulates key protein constituents of endothelial tight junctions (e.g. occludin and claudin-5). Methods: We examined the effects of IL-6 on tight junction protein expression using an in vitro blood-brain barrier model. We isolated microvessels from yearling and adult ovine cerebral cortex and placed them into culture with IL-6 concentrations of 0 (control, phosphate-buffered saline), 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml for 24 h. Cerebral microvessels were harvested, Western immunoblot performed for occludin and claudin-5, densitometry performed, and results expressed as a ratio to control values. Results: Western immunoblot analysis showed that treatment with 100 ng/ml of IL-6, but not the lower concentrations, reduced (p < 0.05) occludin expression in microvessels from yearling and adult sheep and claudin-5 in microvessels from adult sheep. However, treatment with 10 ng/ml of IL-6 increased claudin-5 in microvessels from yearling sheep. The percent of lactate dehydrogenase released from the microvessels into the surrounding media was not increased by IL-6 treatment, suggesting that the reductions in tight junction proteins did not result from cell death. Treatment of adult cerebral cortical microvessels with IL-6 preincubated with anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies partially attenuated the reduction in claudin-5. Conclusion: We conclude that IL-6 modulates tight junction protein expression in cerebral cortical microvessels from yearling and adult sheep.
Interferon-Induced Proteins with Tetratricopeptide Repeats 1 and 2 Are Cellular Factors That Limit Hepatitis B Virus Replication
Authors: Pei Rongjuan , Qin Bo , Zhang Xiaoyong , Zhu Wandi , Kemper Thekla , Ma Zhiyong , Trippler Martin , Schlaak Joerg , Chen Xinwen , Lu Mengji
Published: July 2013

Interferon (IFN)-α is able to stimulate many cellular genes and inhibit the replication of various viruses. However, it is unknown whether some IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) specifically inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Therefore, we attempted to identify ISGs with antiviral activities against HBV. Knockdown of IFN-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 2 (IFIT1 and IFIT2) in HepG2.2.15 led to markedly increased HBV replication. Consistently, this effect was verified by transient transfection with a replication-competent HBV clone in HepG2 and Huh7. However, IFN-α stimulation could override the knockdown by siRNAs and enhance the expression of IFIT1 and IFIT2, leading to reduced HBV replication. Silencing of IFIT1 or IFIT2 decreased the expression of the corresponding genes while other ISGs like MxA were not affected. Northern blot analysis showed that IFIT1 and IFIT2 knockdown slightly increased the levels of HBV 3.5, 2.4 and 2.1 kb transcripts, while IFIT1 and IFIT2 overexpression did not change their levels. Consistently, the reporter assays with HBV promoters demonstrated that IFIT1 and IFIT2 differentially but only modestly regulated HBV promoter activity. Thus, IFIT1 and IFIT2 contribute significantly to the regulation of HBV replication, likely at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional steps.
Thermal and Endocrine Regulation of Gonadal Apoptosis during Sex Differentiation in Pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis
Authors: Yamamoto Y. , Hattori R.S. , Kitahara A. , Kimura H. , Yamashita M. , Strüssmann C.A.
Published: July 2013

The fate of the differentiating gonads in pejerrey Odontesthesbonariensis is determined by the environmental water temperature experienced by the larvae during the critical period of sex determination. We previously reported a link between apoptosis, temperature and sex differentiation in this species. To clarify this link, we subjected larvae to thermal and endocrine treatments between hatching and the onset of histological sex differentiation of the gonads and assessed the patterns of gonadal development and apoptosis by light microscopic histology and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis, respectively. Apoptotic labeling was widespread among somatic cells of the anterior region of the right gonads of fish reared at the male-producing temperature (MPT) and part of the fish at the mixed sex-producing temperature prior to sex differentiation. In contrast, TUNEL-positive cells were rarely observed in gonads at the female-producing temperature (FPT). Administration of exogenous estrogen completely prevented MPT-induced masculinization, induced feminization and reduced gonadal apoptosis, whereas an aromatase inhibitor (fadrozole) induced TUNEL signals in the gonads of FPT-reared larvae. These results provide strong evidence that apoptosis in somatic cells in the right lobe of the gonads might play a key role in testicular differentiation in pejerrey and that estrogens are involved in the regulation of this process.
Old Wine in New Pipes? Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Trofosfamide
Authors: Reißig Angelika , Walther Mario
Published: July 2013

Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the effect of oral trofosfamide in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: Patients with histologically or cytologically proven NSCLC, who had received at least 2 other therapies, were enrolled. The primary clinical end point was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary end points included overall survival (OS), response rate and toxicity. Results: 23 patients were enrolled, 1 of whom was excluded due to non-compliance. The patients had received a median of 3 prior therapies (range 2-4). Regarding all 22 patients, median PFS was 14 weeks (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.96-18.04). The median OS was 32 weeks (95% CI 17.12-46.88). The median duration of trofosfamide therapy was 10.5 weeks (interquartile range 6.5-17.3). 20 patients (90.9%) had stable disease; 2 were not assessable. Trofosfamide therapy was stopped in 4 patients (18.2%) due to side effects. Conclusion: Trofosfamide is an orally applicable, well-tolerated and cost-effective drug that works in patients with advanced NSCLC, who have undergone at least 2 lines of therapy. Trofosfamide seems to be a therapeutic option in NSCLC as a further therapy line. These preliminary data need to be confirmed in a larger trial.
Temozolomide-Related Hematologic Toxicity
Authors: Scaringi Claudia , De Sanctis Vitaliana , Minniti Giuseppe , Enrici Riccardo Maurizi
Published: July 2013

Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating agent used for the treatment of recurrent or newly diagnosed malignant gliomas with significant survival benefit. TMZ is generally well tolerated and safe. The most common side effects are mild to moderate, and are represented by fatigue, nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. However severe hematologic adverse events (HAEs), including myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia, have also been reported. In this review we present an overview of the available literature of HAEs after exposure to TMZ.
Vertebral Artery Dissection Associated with Generalized Convulsive Seizures: A Case Report
Authors: Amin Faisal Mohammad , Larsen Vibeke Andrée , Tfelt-Hansen Peer
Published: July 2013

A 46-year-old male with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy was admitted to the neurological department for convulsive seizures just after lamotrigine was discontinued. On admission he was awake but had a right-sided hemiparesis with Babinski sign and ataxic finger-nose test on the left side. An MR scan showed a left-sided pontine infarction, an infarct in the left cerebellar hemisphere and a right vertebral artery dissection (VAD). The patient was treated with heparin and an oral anticoagulant for 6 months. Recovery of neurologic function was excellent. In patients with symptoms of disturbances of posterior circulation after epileptic seizures, VAD should be considered.
Homozygous Founder Mutation in Desmocollin-2 (
DSC2
) Causes Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy in the Hutterite Population
Authors: Gerull Brenda , Kirchner Florian , Chong Jessica X. , Tagoe Julia , Chandrasekharan Kumaran , Strohm Oliver , Waggoner Darrel , Ober Carole , Duff Henry J.
Published: July 2013

Background—

Dominant mutations in cellular junction proteins are the major cause of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, whereas recessive mutations in those proteins cause cardiocutaneous syndromes such as Naxos and Carvajal syndrome. The Hutterites are distinct genetic isolates who settled in North America in 1874. Descended from <100 founders, they trace their origins to 16th-century Europe.

Methods and Results—

We clinically and genetically evaluated 2 large families of the Alberta Hutterite population with a history of sudden death and found several individuals with severe forms of biventricular cardiomyopathy characterized by mainly left-sided localized aneurysms, regions of wall thinning with segmental akinesis, in addition to typical electric and histological features known for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. We identified a homozygous truncation mutation, c.1660C>T (p.Q554X) in desmocollin-2 (
DSC2
), in affected individuals and determined a carrier frequency of this mutation of 9.4% (1 in 10.6) among 1535 Schmiedeleut Hutterites, suggesting a common founder in that subgroup. Immunohistochemistry of endomyocardial biopsy samples revealed altered expression of the truncated DSC2 protein at the intercalated discs but only minor changes in immunoreactivity of other desmosomal proteins. Recombinant expressed mutant DSC2 protein in cells confirmed a stable, partially processed truncated protein with cytoplasmic and membrane localization.

Conclusions—

A homozygous truncation mutation in
DSC2
leads to a cardiac-restricted phenotype of an early onset biventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. The truncated protein remains partially stable and localized at the intercalated discs. These data suggest that the processed DSC2 protein plays a role in maintaining desmosome integrity and function.
The Cadusii in Archaeology? Remarks on the Achaemenid Period (Iron Age IV) in Gilan and Talesh
Authors: Piller Christian Konrad
Published: July 2013

According to some classical authors, the region south-west of the Caspian Sea was inhabited by the large tribe of the Cadusians (Greek Καδουσιοι, Latin Cadusii). During the Achaemenid Period, several armed conflicts between the Imperial Persian forces and the warlike Cadusians occurred. Of particular importance is the disastrous defeat of Artaxerxes II in 380 B.C. From the archaeological point of view, little has been known about the material culture of the Achaemenid Period (Iron Age IV) in Talesh and Gilan. Until recently, only a few burial contexts from the South of Gilan could be dated to the period between the 6th and 4th centuries B.C. However, during the last two decades, Iranian archaeologists excavated numerous Bronze and Iron Age graveyards in the Talesh Region. A number of burial contexts at sites, such as Maryan, Mianroud or Vaske can securely be dated to the Achaemenid Period. With this new material basis, it was possible to subdivide the Iron Age IV into different subsequent phases. Furthermore, it is likely that the material culture described in this article could be at least partially attributed to the Cadusians.
Oath of Memory: The Taking of Oaths on Icons in Svan Villages of Southern Georgia
Authors: Voell Stéphane
Published: July 2013

In the late 1980s, Georgian Svans were first resettled from the highlands of Svaneti to a rather plain region in the south. The resettlement took place because of natural disasters in the 1980s and continued thereafter because of economic problems. In their new environment the Orthodox Svans regularly perform oaths on icons and swear to stand together and to respect their “traditions”. Oaths on icons are an important constituent of the Svan traditional law. In so called “Free Svaneti”, the oath of unity was until the 19th century an important vow of solidarity. The local segmentary society managed to resist being incorporated into neighbouring principalities and Tsarist Russia. But while the oath of unity in “Free Svaneti” was performed to bind people together in an autonomous region with no central executive, today, in Southern Georgia, the oath binds the people to a mythologised Svaneti. It ties them to a nostalgic conception of their Svan homeland.
The Lesotho Constitution and Doctrine of Separation of Powers: Reflections on the Judicial Attitude
Authors: Nwafor Anthony O.
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Since the popularization of the doctrine of separation of powers in the 18th century by Baron De Montesquieu, emerging democratic nations have continued to strive towards evolving patterns of governance that suit their internal needs with regards to the political, social and cultural peculiarities of each nation. Lesotho is no exception to this evolutionary trend, as the country transitions from a traditional monarchical to parliamentary system of government, founded on popular democracy. The 1993 Constitution of Lesotho embodies provisions that ensure the distribution of governmental powers among the three arms of government, but with due reverence to the monarch whose powers cut across each branch of government. The judiciary plays a very important role in preserving the tenets of the constitution. The courts in Lesotho have been very assertive, sometimes excessively so, by intruding into the functions of the other arms of government. This paper captures the true importance of the doctrine of separation of powers, examines the Lesotho constitutional arrangement in preserving this doctrine and calls for caution on the part of the courts as guardians of the constitutional order.
The EU’s “Global Europe” Strategy and the Liberalization of Trade in Legal Services: The Impact of the EU Free Trade Agreements in Asia
Authors: Muller Gilles
Published: July 2013

The past two decades have witnessed remarkable developments in terms of the globalization of the world’s economies. As a result the legal services, which form a vital part of the infrastructure that underpins world commerce, have experienced continuous growth over the last ten years. However, foreign lawyers face restrictions in many jurisdictions. In most instances trade agreements are used to negotiate the removal of these limitations. Until recently to the exception of the EU and the NAFTA, the liberalization of trade in services took place within the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The last decade has seen a proliferation of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs), which contain such liberalizations. Since 2006 the EU has been negotiating PTAs with strategic trade partners. This paper aims to analyze the consequences of the PTAs that the EU has been negotiating with five Asian countries on the liberalization of trade in legal services in light of the EU’s new trade strategy and the GATS.
Revision of the genus Ctenophilothis Kryzhanovskij, 1987 (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Saprininae)
Authors: LACKNER TOMÁŠ
Published: July 2013

The Saharan genus Ctenophilothis Kryzhanovskij, 1987 is revised. Its two species, C. chobauti (Théry, 1900) and C. altus (Lewis, 1885), differ mainly by the shape of their mandibles, protibia, and elytral striae. Ctenophilothis is likely a monophyletic genus known so far only from the Algerian, Moroccan, and Egyptian Sahara. The neotype of C. chobauti and lectotype of C. altus are designated. The extremely rare C. altus is redescribed and both species are illustrated by SEM micrographs. The male genitalia of C. chobauti are also illustrated.
Odetta zekiergeni a new species of Pyramidellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: ÖZTÜRK BILAL
Published: July 2013

During the past decades intensive investigations on the zoobenthic fauna of Izmir Bay have been carried out (Çınar et al., 2012). This area has suffered from intense pollution due to the influx of untreated wastes of different origin. Until the year 2000, the inner part of Izmir Bay, where the Alsancak harbour is located, has been considered as one of the most polluted areas in the Mediterranean Sea. Recent studies performed in the area (Çınar et al., 2006; Ergen et al., 2006) showed that a number of species of alien or native origin have gradually re-colonized the area after the establishment of a wastewater treatment station  within “The Grand Canal Project” on February 2000. Since then Çınar et al. (2012) have reported 417 species from the area including 13 alien taxa in a study of the zoobenthic organisms inhabiting the soft substrate in Izmir Bay.
Gray matter abnormalities as brain structural vulnerability factors for bipolar disorder: A review of neuroimaging studies of individuals at high genetic risk for bipolar disorder
Authors: Nery Fabiano G , Monkul E Serap , Lafer Beny
Published: July 2013

Objective:

Cortical and subcortical gray matter abnormalities have been reported in individuals at high genetic risk for bipolar disorder, but the findings are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to review the available literature to identify common findings that could represent brain structural vulnerability factors for bipolar disorder and to discuss challenges for the advancement of the field.

Method:

A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed database to identify all original articles investigating cortical or subcortical gray matter abnormalities in first-degree relatives of bipolar disorder patients.

Results:

Very few findings were replicated, with the exception of larger insular cortex volumes in adult first-degree relatives and larger right inferior frontal gyrus in offspring of probands with bipolar disorder, both when compared with healthy controls. Isolated findings included decreased gray matter density in the left thalamus, decreased gray matter volumes in the left hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, and thicker right hippocampus in unaffected first-degree relatives. Genetic liability for bipolar disorder was associated with gray matter volumes in regions of the anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum, medial frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, right insular cortex, and medial orbital gyrus. Some studies found no evidence for gray matter abnormalities in first-degree relatives of bipolar disorder patients.

Conclusions:

Possible reasons for the discrepancies of findings across studies include small samples sizes, small effect size of susceptibility genes, the phenotypic heterogeneity of bipolar disorder, and the possible confounding effect of other Axis I psychopathologies among the relatives of patients. Future multisite, prospective, large studies with more homogeneous samples would be a key strategy to advance the field. The ultimate benefit would be an understanding of how to use brain imaging tools to identify individuals at increased risk for bipolar disorder and develop preventive strategies for that population.
Identification and validation of an enhanced mesomodel for laminated composites within the WWFE-III
Authors: Daghia Federica , Ladeveze Pierre
Published: July 2013

The accurate prediction of damage and failure in laminated composites is still a major issue in many structural applications. The paper provides a detailed description of a new damage mesomodel and examines its application to solve material and structural problems for the Test Cases proposed in the Third World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-III). The cases cover various materials (glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy), lay-ups (unidirectional, cross ply, quasi-isotropic, angle ply and general multi-directional laminates), loadings (uniaxial, biaxial, bending, thermal and loading-unloading) and features (ply sequence, size effects and open hole). The model deals with various damage scenarios and mechanisms of degradation, including diffuse intralaminar damage, diffuse interface damage, localized delamination, fibre breakage and plasticity, and can predict the evolution of a laminate’s response until final failure. Some issues concerning the limited information available in the exercise for the identification of the parameters of the mesomodel are also discussed.
Representative volume element-based design and analysis tools for composite materials with nanofillers
Authors: Pucha Raghuram V , Worthy Johnny
Published: July 2013

Representative volume element-based three-dimensional models with various nanofiller geometries and process parameters are presented for the design and analysis of composite materials. Analytical, computer-aided design, and computer-aided engineering tools are integrated to develop user interface tools with automated three-dimensional models for mechanical and electrical analyses. Various process parameters in the manufacture of nanocomposites are quantified using image analysis techniques. A filler-to-filler distance algorithm is incorporated in developing a three-dimensional network of fillers within matrix representative volume element to account for filler–filler interactions and compatibility. The stress–strain behavior of metal matrix nanocomposites, the effective modulus, and the electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposite fibers are presented as case studies to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed representative volume element-based design and analysis tools. The unique automated design and analysis framework presented in this study integrates various software tools, quantifies the effect of process parameters of experimental composites with nanofillers, and provides quick what-if analysis for manufacturing application-specific composites.
The Predictive Validity of Measures of Teacher Candidate Programs and Performance
Authors: Henry Gary T. , Campbell Shanyce L. , Thompson Charles L. , Patriarca Linda A. , Luterbach Kenneth J. , Lys Diana B. , Covington Vivian Martin
Published: July 2013

Calls for evidence-based reform of teacher preparation programs (TPPs) suggest the question: Do the current indicators of progress and performance used by TPPs predict effectiveness of their graduates when they become teachers? In this study, the indicators of progress and performance used by one program are examined for their ability to predict value-added scores of program graduates. The study finds that rating instruments, including disposition surveys, clinical practice observation ratings, and portfolio assessments, each measure a single underlying dimension rather than the multiple constructs they were designed to measure. Neither these instruments nor teacher candidates’ scores on standardized exams predict their later effectiveness in the classroom based on value-added models of student achievement. Candidates’ grade point averages during their preparation program and number of math courses were positively associated with their students’ math score gains. These findings suggest a need for better instruments to measure prospective teachers’ progress toward proficiency.
Cross-Cultural Validation of a Memorable Tourism Experience Scale (MTES)
Authors: Kim Jong-Hyeong , Ritchie J. R. Brent
Published: July 2013

The present study seeks to establish the cross-cultural validity of the memorable tourism experience scale (MTES), a recently developed measurement scale designed to assess individuals’ memorable tourism experiences (MTEs). Since the psychometric properties of the MTES have only been examined within a sample of American college students, the aim of this study was to replicate the previous psychometric findings using a sample of Taiwanese respondents. The data confirmed the validity of the previously established seven dimensions of MTES in the Taiwanese sample. Thus, the findings of the study suggest that MTES can generally be utilized to assess individuals’ MTEs in cross-cultural settings.
Agricultural Landscape Preferences
Authors: Gao Jie , Barbieri Carla , Valdivia Corinne
Published: July 2013

This study examines residents’ preferences for agricultural landscape features when engaging in agritourism activities by addressing two objectives: (1) to identify the features of agricultural landscapes that are more appealing to current and potential agritourists and (2) to compare those perceptions across respondents from different genders, agritourism experience, and agricultural attachment. Data were collected through an online survey conducted among three nonrandom panels of residents from Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Texas (250 per state). Results showed that respondents liked most landscape features commonly found in an agritourism farm, especially natural and cultural ones. Among these, the most preferred features they would like to see are wildlife, water resources, historic elements, and farm animals, suggesting that these can serve as farm pull attractions. Multivariate analyses of variance showed significant differences in landscape preferences across gender, levels of agritourism experience, and agricultural attachment, suggesting critical marketing and managing implications for farmers offering agritourism opportunities.
The Moderation Effects of Political Instability and Terrorism on Tourism Development
Authors: Saha Shrabani , Yap Ghialy
Published: July 2013

Looking at the current political turmoil across the globe, this study aims to analyze the effects of interaction between political instability and terrorism on tourism development using panel data from 139 countries for the period 1999–2009. The study measures the extent to which a country’s political conflicts and terrorism can negatively impact its tourism industry. The results reveal that the effect of political instability on tourism is far more severe than the effects of one-off terrorist attacks. Surprisingly, the findings suggest that terrorist attacks increase tourism demand for those low- to moderate-political-risk countries. However, countries that experience high levels of political risk witness significant reductions in their tourism businesses. In addition, political volatility and terrorism together can cause serious damage to the tourism industry.
Impact of the Perceived Image of Celebrity Endorsers on Tourists’ Intentions to Visit
Authors: van der Veen Robert , Song Haiyan
Published: July 2013

The purpose of this study is to empirically assess the mediating effects of the impact of the perceived image of celebrity endorsers on tourists’ intentions to visit, using celebrity-endorsed print advertisements for travel destinations. The results indicate that celebrity endorsers have a significant impact on people’s attitudes and visit intentions, thus verifying the mediating effects of this variable. The study also provides clues to what extent celebrity-endorsed advertisements differ from nonendorsed advertisements and explores such differences in terms of destination match-up between native and nonnative celebrity-endorsed advertisements.
Understanding Senior Self-Drive Tourism in Australia Using a Contingency Behavior Model
Authors: Mahadevan Renuka
Published: July 2013

This aticle is the first application of the contingency behavior model to understand the behavior of grey nomads to changes in the availability of accommodation facilities when visiting regional Queensland of Australia. Using a pilot survey of 90 respondents, it was found that grey nomad future visit trip would be adversely affected by a decrease in accommodation facilities and an increase in travel costs. However, for an increase in accommodation facilities, repeat visitation takes place but with a smaller impact (than the decrease) and, interestingly, travel costs become insignificant. In addition, income levels proxied by education, and social events are significant determinants of future visits. These findings provide important policy considerations for effective management and understanding of the self-drive silver market for tourism.
Is Travel Better Than Chocolate and Wine? The Benefits of Travel
Authors: Petrick James F. , Huether David
Published: July 2013

Travel is beneficial. It creates opportunities for people to see other cultures, experience history, learn, strengthen bonds with loved ones and might even be beneficial to one’s health. Yet research that empirically shows benefits beyond assisting communities with their economy is lacking. This article articulates the need for further benefits research and, we hope, will serve as an impetus for extensive academic and practical work in this area. It also unveils the overriding methodology used in the subsequent articles in the current special series and attempts to reveal the role the U.S. Travel Association has played in creating inertia in this topic of study.
Association Between Exercise and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Trauma-Exposed Adults
Authors: Harte Christopher B. , Vujanovic Anka A. , Potter Carrie M.
Published: July 2013

The present investigation examined associations between intensities of exercise involvement and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom cluster severity (reexperiencing, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal). The sample was comprised of 108 adults (54.6% women; Mage = 23.9, SD = 10.22, range = 18–62), who endorsed exposure to a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth edition, Text Revision) posttraumatic stress disorder Criterion A traumatic life event but did not meet criteria for any current Axis I psychopathology. After controlling for gender and lifetime number of trauma exposure types experienced, results indicated that vigorous-intensity exercise, but not light- or moderate-intensity exercise, was significantly inversely associated with hyperarousal symptom cluster severity. This study adds to the scarce, yet growing, body of exercise—PTS literature—by illuminating the inverse associations of vigorous-intensity exercise, specifically, and PTS hyperarousal symptom severity among trauma-exposed individuals.
Selective cerebral perfusion with aortic cannulation and short-term hypothermic circulatory arrest in aortic arch reconstruction
Authors: Turkoz R , Saritas B , Ozker E , Vuran C , Yoruker U , Balci S , Altun D , Turkoz A
Published: July 2013

Background:

The deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) technique has been used in aortic arch and isthmus hypoplasia for many years. However, with the demonstration of the deleterious effects of prolonged DHCA, selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) has started to be used in aortic arch repair. For SCP, perfusion via the innominate artery route is generally preferred (either direct innominate artery cannulation or re-routing of the cannula in the aorta is used). Herein, we describe our technique and the result of arch reconstruction in combination with selective cerebral and myocardial perfusion (SCMP) and short-term total circulatory arrest (TCA) (5-10 min) through ascending aortic cannulation.

Methods:

Thirty-seven cases with aortic arch and isthmus hypoplasia accompanying cardiac defects were operated on with SCMP and short TCA in Baskent University Istanbul Research and Training Hospital between January 2007 and Sep 2012. There were 17 cases with ventricular septal defect (VSD)-coarctation with aortic arch hypoplasia (CoAAH), 4 cases of transposition of the great arteries-VSD-CoAAH, 4 cases of Taussing Bing Anomaly-CoAAH, 2 cases complete atrioventricular canal defect-CoAAH, 3 cases single ventricle-CoAAH, 3 cases of type A interruption-VSD, 2 subvalvular aortic stenosis-CoAAH and 2 cases of isolated CoAAH. The aorta was cannulated in the middle of the ascending aorta in all cases. The cross-clamp was applied to the aortic arch distal to either the innominate artery or the left carotid artery. In addition, a side-biting clamp was applied to the descending aorta. The aorta between these two clamps was reconstructed with gluteraldehyde-treated autogeneous pericardium, using SCMP. The proximal arch and distal ascending aorta reconstructions were carried out under short TCA.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 2.5±2 months. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times were 144±58 and 43±27 minutes, respectively. The mean SCMP and descending aorta ischemia times were 22.6±4.8 and 27±6.3 minutes, respectively. Mean TCA time was 7.6±2.1 minutes (min: 4, max 10 min). The mean in-hospital stay time was 8.6±1.9 days. None of the cases operated with this technique had neurological defects. The mortality rate was 2.7% (1 patient).

Conclusion:

SCMP with aortic cannulation and short TCA (under 10 minutes) in aortic reconstruction is safe and practical in this high-risk patient group.
Ceftriaxone pharmacokinetic properties during continuous veno-veno haemofiltration using an in vitro adult, paediatric and neonatal model
Authors: Harvey B , Johnson TN , Yeomanson D , Mulla H , Mayer AP
Published: July 2013

During continuous venoveno haemofiltration (CVVH), extracorporeal drug clearance is dependant on blood flow, ultrafiltration rate, albumin binding, and the drug’s molecular weight and volume of distribution. Drug doses are adjusted assuming reduced drug clearance by the renal system and CVVH. High volume haemofiltration, pre-dilution and different filter membranes can greatly alter drug clearance. Consequently, assessing the adequacy of cephalosporin dosing during CVVH is complex; under- or overdosing may occur. We studied the pharmacokinetic properties of ceftriaxone during CVVH in vitro. Renaflow filters were used to model 6, 20 and 50 kg patients. Each circuit and reservoir was prepared with a known volume of Hartmann’s solution, human albumin solution 4.5% or blood. Pump speed and exchange rate were standardised for weight. Haemosol BO was used as the replacement fluid with 70% pre-dilution. Following paired sampling from the circuit and ultrafiltrate fluid, ceftriaxone was injected into the circuit. Paired samples were taken up to 720 minutes. Ceftraxione concentrations were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Maximum circuit concentrations (Cmax) at 2 minutes for albumin were 3.5, 2.65 and 4.85 mg/l, for blood were 4.5, 6.5 and 5.55 mg/l and for Hartmann’s were 1.65, 2.95 and 3.65 mg/l for 6kg, 20kg and 50kg models. The sieving coefficients (Sc) from blood (ratio of mean concentrations in the ultrafiltrate/circuits samples) were 0.31 and 0.51 with T1/2 (the half life) 62 and 20 minutes in the 6kg and the 20kg circuits, respectively. The data suggest in an in vitro model of ceftriaxone is rapidly cleared during CVVH. Albumin circuits had the lowest Sc and longest terminal T1/2, reflecting protein binding of the drug and suggest ceftriaxone clearance may be more rapid in hypoalbuminaemic patients. The Cmax was lower in the Hartmann circuits, possibly reflecting precipitation of the drug with calcium in this solution.
Assessment of team training in management of adverse acute events occurring during cardiopulmonary bypass procedure: a pilot study based on an animal simulation model (Fouilloux, Team training in cardiac surgery)
Authors: Fouilloux V , Gsell T , Lebel S , Kreitmann B , Berdah S
Published: July 2013

Background:

Successful cardiac surgery is highly dependent upon effective and efficient teamwork. Practical training and development will further enhance the team ability to react to a series of low-frequency occurring adverse events during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). One of our specialized educational programs focuses on training the whole team. This training is based on an original animal simulation model. The objective of this pilot study was to assess our method of training and learning in an attempt to optimize and improve team management and functioning.

Methods:

Four members of the same cardiac surgery team joined our program. They performed a common procedure, with a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit set up to produce several adverse incidents. Events management was analyzed and debriefed in technical and non-technical perspectives.

Results:

Management of the adverse events was significantly improved. Discussion and debriefing time was fundamental in identifying the most appropriate management for each event. Rescue procedures were assimilated and team training was found to be effective, with the time reduced by up to 50% for 3 events and by up to 70% for air embolism.

Conclusion:

Our pilot program is an innovative, low-cost tool for the improvement of the management of adverse events occurring during CPB. It includes the different components of surgical education and training. Such an educational tool might be relevant for training. To confirm those encouraging results, it should be assessed in a larger surgical team panel. Further investigations are required for assessing efficiency in real conditions.
Effect of whole-body vibration exercise on mobility, balance ability and general health status in frail elderly patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Li , Weng Changshui , Liu Miao , Wang Qiuhua , Liu Liming , He Yao
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To study the effects of whole-body vibration exercises on the mobility function, balance and general health status, and its feasibility as an intervention in frail elderly patients.

Design:

Pilot randomized controlled trial.

Subjects:

Forty-four frail older persons (85.27 ± 3.63 years) meeting the Fried Frailty Criteria.

Interventions:

All eligible subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group, who received a whole-body vibration exercise alone (vibration amplitude: 1–3 mm; frequency: 6–26 Hz; 4–5 bouts × 60 seconds; 3–5 times weekly), or a control group, who received usual care and exercises for eight weeks.

Main measures:

The Timed Up and Go Test, 30-second chair stand test, lower extremities muscle strength, balance function, balance confidence and General Health Status were assessed at the beginning of the study, after four weeks and eight weeks of the intervention.

Results:

Whole-body vibration exercise reduced the time of the Timed Up and Go Test (40.47 ± 15.94 s to 21.34 ± 4.42 s), improved the bilateral knees extensor strength (6.96 ± 1.70 kg to 11.26 ± 2.08 kg), the posture stability (surface area ellipse: 404.58 ± 177.05 to 255.95 ± 107.28) and General Health Status (Short-form Health Survey score: 24.51 ± 10.69 and 49.63 ± 9.85 to 45.03 ± 11.15 and 65.23 ± 9.39, respectively). The repeated-measures ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in the Timed Up and Go Test, 30-second chair stand test, bilateral knees extensor strength, activities-specific balance confidence score and general health status between the two groups ( P < 0.05). No side-effects were observed during the training.

Conclusions:

Whole-body vibration exercise is a safe and effective method that can improve the mobility, knee extensor strength, balance and the general health status in the frail elderly.
An occupation-based strategy training approach to managing age-related executive changes: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dawson Deirdre , Richardson Julie , Troyer Angie , Binns Malcolm , Clark Amanda , Polatajko Helene , Winocur Gordon , Hunt Anne , Bar Yael
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To determine the feasibility of recruitment and retention of healthy older adults and the effectiveness of an intervention designed to manage age-related executive changes.

Design:

A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Research centre and participants’ homes.

Participants:

Nineteen healthy, community dwelling older adults with complaints of cognitive difficulties and everyday problems, but no evidence of mild cognitive impairment, dementia or depression on objective testing.

Interventions:

Seventeen hours of group and individual training. Participants in the experimental arm received education about self-management, successful aging and an occupation-based meta-cognitive strategy-training program. Participants in the control arm received education about brain health and participated in cognitively stimulating exercises.

Main measures:

Changes on untrained, everyday life goals were identified using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Generalization of benefits was measured using the Stanford Chronic Disease Questionnaire, general self-efficacy and changes in executive function (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Tower Test, Word Fluency and Trail-Making Test).

Results:

20% (19/96) of healthy older adults approached were eligible, consented and were enrolled in the study, 90% (17/19) were retained to three-month follow-up. Participants in the experimental arm reported significantly more improvement on untrained goals (11/22 compared with 9/46, χ2=4.92, p<0.05), maintenance of physical activity ( p<0.05) and better preparation for doctors’ visits ( p<0.05) relative to the control group. There were no significant between group differences on objective measures of executive function.

Conclusions:

These data support the feasibility of a larger trial where a sample of 72 (36 participants in each arm) would be required to confirm or refute these findings.
Electroconvulsive seizure-induced changes in gene expression in the mouse hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
Authors: Sakaida Mari , Sukeno Mamiko , Imoto Yuhki , Tsuchiya Soken , Sugimoto Yukihiko , Okuno Yasushi , Segi-Nishida Eri
Published: July 2013

Electroconvulsive therapy is an effective and rapid treatment for depression. In patients with depression, the function of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is frequently altered. Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS), which is a model of electroconvulsive therapy, upregulates the expression of c-fos in the PVN of animal models. Therefore, we hypothesized that ECS alters gene expression and function in the PVN. The PVN was microdissected from mouse brain sections following ECS treatment, and total RNA was analyzed by microarray. Two hours after ECS, the levels of expression of 2.6% (589 genes) of the genes showed a greater than 2-fold decrease and 0.9% (205 genes) showed a greater than 2-fold increase. Among these genes, 72 of the downregulated genes and 12 of the upregulated genes have been proposed to be associated with psychiatric disorders, such as depression, by knowledge database analyses. The groups of downregulated genes included neuropeptides ( Cck), kinases ( Prkcb, Camk2a), transcription factors ( Tcf4), and transporters ( Aqp4), and these have been suggested to be associated with psychiatric disorders and/or PVN function. The results of the present study indicated that ECS treatment could modulate PVN functions through altered gene expression, which may contribute to its antidepressant effects.
Captodiamine, a putative antidepressant, enhances hypothalamic BDNF expression in vivo by synergistic 5-HT2c receptor antagonism and sigma-1 receptor agonism
Authors: Ring Rebecca M , Regan Ciaran M
Published: July 2013

The putative antidepressant captodiamine is a 5-HT2c receptor antagonist and agonist at sigma-1 and D3 dopamine receptors, exerts an anti-immobility action in the forced swim paradigm, and enhances dopamine turnover in the frontal cortex. Captodiamine has also been found to ameliorate stress-induced anhedonia, reduce the associated elevations of hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and restore the reductions in hypothalamic BDNF expression. Here we demonstrate chronic administration of captodiamine to have no significant effect on hypothalamic CRF expression through sigma-1 receptor agonism; however, both sigma-1 receptor agonism or 5-HT2c receptor antagonism were necessary to enhance BDNF expression. Regulation of BDNF expression by captodiamine was associated with increased phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB and mediated through sigma-1 receptor agonism but blocked by 5-HT2c receptor antagonism. The existence of two separate signalling pathways was confirmed by immunolocalisation of each receptor to distinct cell populations in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Increased BDNF induced by captodiamine was also associated with enhanced expression of synapsin, but not PSD-95, suggesting induction of long-term structural plasticity between hypothalamic synapses. These unique features of captodiamine may contribute to its ability to ameliorate stress-induced anhedonia as the hypothalamus plays a prominent role in regulating HPA axis activity.
Acute prevertebral calcific tendinitis: a source of non-surgical acute cervical pain
Authors: Silva Claudio F , Soffia Pablo S , Pruzzo Edda
Published: July 2013

Background

Prevertebral calcific tendinitis results from calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposits in the longus colli muscles, which induce symptoms similar to some surgically-treated conditions, such as retropharyngeal abscesses. Imaging techniques are critical for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose

To describe the computed tomography (CT) findings associated with prevertebral calcific tendinitis.

Material and Methods

Retrospective analysis performed in an 18-month period, searching for patients with neck CT and reports with diagnosis of “calcific longus collis tendinitis” or “prevertebral calcific tendinitis”. CT images and clinical data available in the medical records were analyzed.

Results

One hundred and thirty-four examinations were performed in the period studied. Nine patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were identified and their CT imaging characteristics are presented. Six presented with calcific deposits in the right longus colli muscle. CT matched the clinical pain lateralization in all cases. Eight patients had no significant enhancement post injection of contrast media.

Conclusion

Prevertebral calcific tendinitis is a cause of acute cervical pain that clinically mimics a retropharyngeal abscess, however on neck CT has a characteristic appearance. Correct identification of this pathologic condition will help avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures.