bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilising feed effectors and automated feeders for semi‐intensive pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production
Authors: Walsh Samuel , Nguyen Khanh , Strebel Leila , Rhodes Melanie , Davis D. Allen
Published: November 2022

Feed effectors have been suggested to improve the efficiency of plant‐based shrimp diets by increasing attractability and palatability. This research trial aimed to expand upon previous Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) research involving plant‐based diets, feed effectors and passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) in a laboratory setting by conducting a feed trial in outdoor semi‐intensive ponds stocked at 30 shrimp/m2. A 13‐week trial was conducted in sixteen 0.1‐ha ponds equipped with PAM‐integrated feeders, which allowed for demand‐style feeding. Four soy‐optimised diets, consisting of an ‘all‐plant’ basal diet (AP) and three diets with an attractant (2% krill meal (KM), 2% squid meal (SM), 4% fish hydrolysate (FH)), were fed to the shrimp for a period of 74–75 days. Significantly more (p = 0.0131) of the FH diet was fed to the respective ponds than the KM and AP diets, suggesting that the addition of FH to soy‐optimised diets increases the intensity of the feed response in shrimp cultured in semi‐intensive ponds. The same diets offered in predetermined amounts to shrimp in an outdoor, recirculating green water system resulted in no significant differences (p > 0.05) between treatment means for final weight or weekly growth rate. However, there was a significant difference (p = 0.021) in survival between the AP treatment (85.83%) and the FH treatment (95.83%), which led to the final biomass (p = 0.004) and FCR (p < 0.0001) of the AP treatment being significantly different from all other treatments. The reduced response observed in the AP treatment suggests that the addition of attractants may improve the performance of plant‐based diets in RAS.
Genotype × \unicode{x000D7} environment interaction obscures genetic sources of variation in seed size in Dithyrea californica but provides the opportunity for selection on phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Larios Eugenio , Mazer Susan J.
Published: November 2022

Premise

In many species, seed size influences individual fitness, but its heritability is low, impeding its evolution. In heterogeneous environments, even if heritability of seed size is low, genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity for seed size may provide the opportunity for selection, but this possibility has rarely been investigated in wild species. The evolutionary trajectory of seed size depends on whether additive, maternal, or non‐additive genetic variance dominates; moreover, the expression of any of these sources of variance may be environment‐dependent, reflecting genetic variation in plasticity. In this study, we examined these sources of variation in seed size and their response to drought in Dithyrea californica.

Methods

We used a diallel design to estimate variance components for seed size in three greenhouse‐raised populations sampled from California and northern Mexico. We replicated diallels in two watering treatments to examine genetic parameters and genotype × environment interactions affecting seed size. We estimated general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability, reciprocal effects (RGCA and RSCA), and their interactions with water availability, and we sought evidence that sexual conflict influences seed size.

Results

Norms of reaction revealed genetic variation in plasticity for seed size in each population. Seed size in D. californica is determined by the combination of watering treatment, GCA and RGCA; parental identity and water availability do not consistently affect seed size, and we detected no evidence for sexual conflict.

Conclusions

Multiple sources of genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity for seed size have the potential to influence its evolutionary trajectory in heterogenous environments.
Predictors of anemia response to momelotinib therapy in myelofibrosis and impact on survival
Authors: Gangat Naseema , Begna Kebede H. , Al‐Kali Aref , Hogan William , Litzow Mark , Pardanani Animesh , Tefferi Ayalew
Published: November 2022

We retrospectively reviewed 72 anemic patients with myelofibrosis (MF; median age 68 years), who were JAK2 inhibitor‐naïve at the time of study entry to a phase‐1/2 momelotinib clinical trial. Driver mutation profile included JAK2 69%, CALR 17%, MPL 8%, and triple‐negative 6%; other mutations included ASXL1 39% and SRSF2 17%. Momelotinib was administered at a median dose of 300 mg daily. Anemia response was assessed by formal criteria and documented in 44% of all patients with hemoglobin levels below the sex‐adjusted reference range (n = 72), 48% of those with hemoglobin <10 g/dl (n = 54), and 46% of those who were transfusion‐dependent at the time of study entry (n = 28). Anemia response was more likely with post‐essential thrombocythemia MF (83% vs 37%; p = .001), lower serum ferritin (p = .003), and shorter time from diagnosis to momelotinib therapy (p = .001); the first two variables were also predictive in transfusion‐dependent patients. Post‐momelotinib median survival was 3.2 years; in univariate analysis, survival was superior in anemia responders (median 3.8 vs. 2.8 years; p = .14) and in the presence of type 1/like CALR mutation and inferior in the presence of age > 65 years, ASXL1/SRSF2 mutation, unfavorable karyotype, DIPSS‐plus high risk, red cell transfusion need and higher serum ferritin. Multivariable analysis confirmed the favorable impact of anemia response on survival (p = .02; HR 0.5, 3/5/10‐year survival; 69%/38%/25%). This survival advantage was also noted in transfusion‐dependent patients (3.7 vs. 1.9 years; p = .01; HR 0.3) and appeared to be restricted to patients with an unfavorable genetic profile. The current study suggests a short‐term survival benefit associated with anemia response in momelotinib‐treated patients with MF.
Copy number variants suggest different molecular pathways for the pathogenesis of bladder exstrophy
Authors: Nordenskjöld Agneta , Arkani Samara , Pettersson Maria , Winberg Johanna , Cao Jia , Fossum Magdalena , Anderberg Magnus , Barker Gillian , Holmdahl Gundela , Lundin Johanna
Published: November 2022

Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital malformation leaving the urinary bladder open in the midline of the abdomen at birth. There is a clear genetic background with chromosome aberrations, but so far, no consistent findings apart from 22q11‐duplications detected in about 2%–3% of all patients. Some genes are implicated like the LZTR1, ISL1, CELSR3, and the WNT3 genes, but most are not explained molecularly. We have performed chromosomal microarray analysis on a cohort of 140 persons born with bladder exstrophy to look for submicroscopic chromosomal deletions and duplications. Pathogenic or possibly pathogenic microdeletions or duplications were found in 16 patients (11.4%) and further 9 with unknown significance. Two findings were in regions linked to known syndromes, two findings involved the same gene (MCC), and all other findings were unique. A closer analysis suggests a few gene networks that are involved in the pathogenesis of bladder exstrophy; the WNT‐signaling pathway, the chromosome 22q11 region, the RIT2 and POU families, and involvement of the Golgi apparatus. Bladder exstrophy is a rare malformation and is reported to be associated with several chromosome aberrations. Our data suggest involvement of some specific molecular pathways.
Advancing Critical Chemical Processes for a Sustainable Future: Challenges for Industry and the Max Planck–Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis (FUNCAT)
Authors: Bowker Michael , DeBeer Serena , Dummer Nicholas F. , Hutchings Graham J. , Scheffler Matthias , Schüth Ferdi , Taylor Stuart H. , Tüysüz Harun
Published: November 2022

Catalysis is involved in around 85 % of manufacturing industry and contributes an estimated 25 % to the global domestic product, with the majority of the processes relying on heterogeneous catalysis. Despite the importance in different global segments, the fundamental understanding of heterogeneously catalysed processes lags substantially behind that achieved in other fields. The newly established Max Planck–Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis (FUNCAT) targets innovative concepts that could contribute to the scientific developments needed in the research field to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions in the chemical industries. This Viewpoint Article presents some of our research activities and visions on the current and future challenges of heterogeneous catalysis regarding green industry and the circular economy by focusing explicitly on critical processes. Namely, hydrogen production, ammonia synthesis, and carbon dioxide reduction, along with new aspects of acetylene chemistry.
Intrinsically Stretchable Electroluminescent Elastomers with Self‐Confinement Effect for Highly Efficient Non‐Blended Stretchable OLEDs
Authors: Li Xiang‐Chun , Yao Lanqian , Song Wan , Liu Fang , Wang Qian , Chen Jin , Xue Qian , Lai Wen‐Yong
Published: November 2022

Ultra‐flexible stretchable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are emerging as a basic component of flexible electronics and human‐machine interfaces. However, the brightness and efficiency of stretchable OLEDs remain still far inferior to their rigid counterparts, owing to the scarcity of satisfactory stretchable electroluminescent materials. Herein, we explore a general concept based on the self‐confinement effect to dramatically improve the stretchability of elastomers, without affecting electroluminescent properties. The balanced rigid/flexible chain dynamics under self‐confinement significantly reduces the modulus of the elastomers, resulting in the maximum strain reaching 806 %. Ultra‐flexible stretchable OLEDs have been constructed based on the resulting ISEEs, achieving unprecedented high‐performance non‐blended stretchable OLEDs. The results suggest an effective molecular design strategy for highly deformable stretchable displays and flexible electronics.
Synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles from the extract ofHeliotropium eichwaldiL. and their effect as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti‐cholinesterase
Authors: Sher Naila , Ahmed Mushtaq , Mushtaq Nadia , Khan Rahmat Ali
Published: November 2022

Recently, green nanotechnology has received much importance in different fields. It is concerned with the production of small‐size nanoparticles (NPs). It is less toxic to human health and also environmentally benign.Heliotropium eichwaldi(HE) is an herbaceous weed and is widely distributed in Pakistan. The herb is used traditionally for earache, headache, cleaning, and healing ulcers. The aim of this study is to develop an easy and justifiable method for the synthesis of HE‐AgNPs using HE extract and then to investigate the effects of HE‐AgNPs as a free radical scavenger, an inhibitor of the two enzymes, that is, alpha‐amylase (α‐amylase) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). UV–Vis spectrum at 416 nm confirmed the AgNPs formation, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the irregular‐shaped HE‐AgNPs, the average size of 19.79 nm was calculated using four major peaks (38.41°, 44.48°, 64.56°, and 77.47°) of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed the peaks for the functional groups, and electron diffraction X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed that silver was the main element (30.68%). The HE‐AgNPs showed an excellent %scavenging of ferric chloride (73 ± 0.098), ammonium molybdenum (72 ± 0.0021), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (64 ± 0.055), H2O2(63.6 ± 0.001), and 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (67.36 ± 0.0014). Hydroxyl radical (67 ± 0.005) showed low IC50values of 99.93 ± 0.017, 84.58 ± 0.017, 90.14 ± 0.059, 116.02 ± 0.034, 113.02 ± 0.035, and 134.4 ± 0.042 μg as compared with HE extract. Similarly, a maximum inhibition of 67 ± 0.21% (HE extract), 71.4 ± 0.0021% (HE‐AgNPs), and 85 ± 0.11% (glucophage) was reported against α‐amylase with IC50values of 68 ± 0.27 μg ml−1for HE extract, 34.43 ± 0.21 μg ml−1for HE‐AgNPs, and 27.43 ± 0.13 μg ml−1for glucophage. Statistical analysis showed that HE inhibits α‐amylase in a competitive mode, and HE‐AgNPs in a mixed mode. Similarly, in the case of AChE, the HE plant and HE‐AgNPs exhibited 57 ± 0.21% and 64 ± 0.0021% inhibition with IC50values of 20 ± 0.014 and 16.81 ± 0.011 μg, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the HE plant and HE‐AgNPs caused a non‐competitive type of AChE. Our work suggests the successful generation of HE‐AgNPs, subsequently as significant antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti‐Alzheimer agent.
Preparation of Z‐scheme spherical BiOI/Fe2O3/BiOBr for water pollution treatment
Authors: Jing Hongxia , Gao Yanlin , Wang Xu , He Huan , Li Qiaoling , Pei Wangjun
Published: November 2022

Tetracycline drugs play a very important role in medical production and animal husbandry, but their residues are difficult to be naturally degraded in water environment, which causes a certain threat to human health. In this paper, the BiOI/Fe2O3/BiOBr composite photocatalytic material was successfully prepared to degrade tetracycline. The morphology and structure of the material were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, FT‐IR, UV–vis DRS, PL, EIS, photocurrent response, BET, and TOC, and the effect of the material on the degradation of tetracycline under simulated sunlight was investigated. The results showed that when the mass of BiOI/Fe2O3 and BiOBr was 1:1, reacted at 160°C for 16 h, BiOI/Fe2O3/BiOBr has the best degradation effect on tetracycline. The degradation rate of tetracycline can reach 85% in 180 min, and its kinetic rate constant is 2.16 and 1.8 times that of single BiOI and BiOI/Fe2O3, respectively. Based on the capture experiment of active substances, a Z‐scheme catalytic mechanism is proposed to analyze the degradation process of tetracycline, and BiOI/Fe2O3/BiOBr also showed a certain photocatalytic activity to other antibiotics and organic dyes in water.
Variation in adhesion properties and film morphologies of waterborne pressure‐sensitive adhesives containing an acid‐rich diblock copolymer additive
Authors: Kennedy Kylie M. , Ngunjiri Johnpeter , Binder Joseph B. , DeFelippis James , DenBleyker William , Mallozzi Michael , Pujari Saswati
Published: November 2022

One challenge for waterborne pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSA)s is the typical tradeoff between cohesion and adhesion. Others have shown that waterborne PSA films with thin, hard boundaries formed from short poly(acid) segments surrounding soft particles can have simultaneous improvements in adhesion and cohesion. To study this approach in commercial‐type acrylic waterborne PSAs, a diblock copolymer (BCP) composed of poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐(n‐butyl acrylate) (PAA‐b‐PBA) is added at 1–5 wt% to PSAs composed of 100% PBA (PSA (0% acid)) or 99% BA/1% AA (PSA (1% acid)). Films of these blends prepared using industrially relevant conditions reveal complex nanodomains in atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. PSA performance tests showed that 1–2 wt% BCP additive nearly tripled adhesion to stainless steel for PSA (0% acid) while improving cohesion. Nonetheless, AFM images of PSA (0% acid) with 1–2 wt% BCP display ill‐defined morphologies, with clear percolated structures apparent primarily in films with 5% BCP. This indicates that film morphologies which enhance adhesion may not correlate with AFM features. Moreover, the balance of adhesion and cohesion of PSA (1% acid) without BCP exceeds that of any of the BCP blends, demonstrating the challenge of using designed microstructures to improve upon conventional PSAs containing copolymerized acids.
Substantial advancement in aquaria rearing methods to assist recovery of an Endangered soft coral
Authors: Larkin Meryl F. , Davis Tom R. , Harasti David , Benkendorff Kirsten , Smith Stephen D. A.
Published: November 2022

The temperate soft coral Dendronephthya australis has been listed as Endangered in NSW, Australia, owing to its restricted geographic range, rapidly declining populations, and a number of escalating threats. Research to assess practical methods for aquarium cultivation of D. australis for rehabilitation of wild populations is considered a high priority.

Previous attempts at restoration by transplanting D. australis fragments have had limited success, but identified key challenges, which included achieving attachment to substrates and identifying appropriate foods to maximize survival.

This study presents the results of experiments promoting the attachment of cuttings (nubbins) removed from donor colonies to moveable substrates (small concrete discs). Using a balanced orthogonal experimental design, three feeding regimes were tested: live artemia, live rotifers and dry powdered zooplankton.

Donor colony survival and growth were also monitored over a 6 month period in the field.

An overall nubbin survival rate of 100% was achieved under all three feeding regimes. Attachment rates were similar across feeding treatments, although nubbin behavioural responses (percentage of open polyps before feeding) suggested some preference for live rotifers.

The cutting removal process had no significant effect on donor colonies in the wild, indicating that this is a sustainable approach for restoration.

Overall, this study substantially advances the methodology for maintaining an Endangered azooxanthellate soft coral in aquaria and provides valuable input for management programmes aimed at implementing transplantation into the wild to aid species recovery.
Developmental toxicity of remdesivir, an anti‐COVID‐19 drug, is implicated by in vitro assays using morphogenetic embryoid bodies of mouse and human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Kirkwood‐Johnson Lauren , Marikawa Yusuke
Published: November 2022

Background

Remdesivir is an antiviral drug approved for the treatment of COVID‐19, whose developmental toxicity remains unclear. More information about the safety of remdesivir is urgently needed for people of childbearing potential, who are affected by the ongoing pandemic. Morphogenetic embryoid bodies (MEBs) are three‐dimensional (3D) aggregates of pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate embryonic body patterning in vitro, and have been used as effective embryo models to detect the developmental toxicity of chemical exposures specifically and sensitively.

Methods

MEBs were generated from mouse P19C5 and human H9 pluripotent stem cells, and used to examine the effects of remdesivir. The morphological effects were assessed by analyzing the morphometric parameters of MEBs after exposure to varying concentrations of remdesivir. The molecular impact of remdesivir was evaluated by measuring the transcript levels of developmental regulator genes.

Results

The mouse MEB morphogenesis was impaired by remdesivir at 1–8 μM. Remdesivir affected MEBs in a manner dependent on metabolic conversion, and its potency was higher than GS‐441524 and GS‐621763, presumptive anti‐COVID‐19 drugs that act similarly to remdesivir. The expressions of developmental regulator genes, particularly those involved in axial and somite patterning, were dysregulated by remdesivir. The early stage of MEB development was more vulnerable to remdesivir exposure than the later stage. The morphogenesis and gene expression profiles of human MEBs were also impaired by remdesivir at 1–8 μM.

Conclusions

Remdesivir impaired mouse and human MEBs at concentrations that are comparable to the therapeutic plasma levels in humans, urging further investigation into the potential impact of remdesivir on developing embryos.
Poor expression of miR‐195‐5p can assist the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage and predict adverse outcomes
Authors: Li Yong , Yang Senyuan , Zhou Xiaobin , Lai Runlong
Published: November 2022

Objective

Patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may develop refractory arterial cerebral vasospasm (CVS), which is the leading cause of death in SAH patients. This study explored the clinical diagnostic value of serum miR‐195‐5p levels in CVS after SAH (SAH + CVS) and its relationship with the prognosis of SAH + CVS.

Methods

A total of 110 patients with spontaneous SAH were divided into the SAH group (N = 62) and SAH + CVS group (N = 58), with 60 healthy subjects as controls. The clinical data of blood glucose, blood sodium fluctuation, and serum lactic acid were recorded. miR‐195‐5p serum level was detected by RT‐qPCR and its diagnostic value on SAH + CVS was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve. Serum levels of PDGF/IL‐6/ET‐1 and their correlation with miR‐195‐5p were analyzed using RT‐qPCR, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and Pearson's method. The patient prognosis was evaluated by Glasgow Outcome Scale. The effect of miR‐195‐5p levels on adverse prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression analysis.

Results

miR‐195‐5p was lowly expressed in the serum of SAH patients and lower in SAH + CVS patients. Serum miR‐195‐5p level assisted the diagnosis of SAH and SAH + CVS and was negatively correlated with PDGF/IL‐6/ET‐1 levels and was an independent risk factor together with ET‐1 and blood glucose for SAH + CVS. miR‐195‐5p low expression predicted a higher cumulative incidence of adverse outcomes and was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes.

Conclusion

Poor expression of miR‐195‐5p can assist the diagnosis of SAH + CVS and predict higher adverse outcomes.
Synergistic combination therapy delivered via layer‐by‐layer nanoparticles induces solid tumor regression of ovarian cancer
Authors: Kong Stephanie , Moharil Pearl , Handly‐Santana Abram , Boehnke Natalie , Panayiotou Richard , Gomerdinger Victoria , Covarrubias Gil , Pires Ivan S. , Zervantonakis Ioannis , Brugge Joan , Hammond Paula T.
Published: November 2022

The majority of patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) develop recurrent disease and chemotherapy resistance. To identify drug combinations that would be effective in treatment of chemotherapy resistant disease, we examined the efficacy of drug combinations that target the three antiapoptotic proteins most commonly expressed in HGSOC—BCL2, BCL‐XL, and MCL1. Co‐inhibition of BCL2 and BCL‐XL (ABT‐263) with inhibition of MCL1 (S63845) induces potent synergistic cytotoxicity in multiple HGSOC models. Since this drug combination is predicted to be toxic to patients due to the known clinical morbidities of each drug, we developed layer‐by‐layer nanoparticles (LbL NPs) that co‐encapsulate these inhibitors in order to target HGSOC tumor cells and reduce systemic toxicities. We show that the LbL NPs can be designed to have high association with specific ovarian tumor cell types targeted in these studies, thus enabling a more selective uptake when delivered via intraperitoneal injection. Treatment with these LbL NPs displayed better potency than free drugs in vitro and resulted in near‐complete elimination of solid tumor metastases of ovarian cancer xenografts. Thus, these results support the exploration of LbL NPs as a strategy to deliver potent drug combinations to recurrent HGSOC. While these findings are described for co‐encapsulation of a BCL2/XL and a MCL1 inhibitor, the modular nature of LbL assembly provides flexibility in the range of therapies that can be incorporated, making LbL NPs an adaptable vehicle for delivery of additional combinations of pathway inhibitors and other oncology drugs.
A journey through languages: A systematic literature review on the multilingual experience in counselling and psychotherapy with children and adolescents
Authors: Serrani Laura
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this research was to address the gap in the existing literature on the multilingual aspect of language in psychotherapy with children and adolescents. This research aimed at interpreting possible meanings for clients of being multilingual in the therapeutic process as well as reflect on the influence of clients’ multilingualism in the therapeutic relationship. The researcher used a systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines, 2009) to select articles based on empirical qualitative/mixed studies with participants up to 25 years old or adults referring to childhood/adolescence. The researcher used thematic synthesis (Thomas & Harden, 2008) to extract, analyse and interpret data. The rigour of this study was enhanced by the use of auto‐ethnography as a source of evidence (McLeod, 2015). The auto‐etnography documents self‐reflections on personal experience of being multilingual contributing to deeper contextualised knowledge. The findings confirm previous research on the existence of a link between multilingualism and “identity” (Costa, 2020, p. 5). This research suggests that the meaning a client gives to bilingualism can be co‐constructed within an attuned therapeutic relationship. In this co‐construction journey, there is a significant opportunity for children and young people in finding their way through languages, hence reaching emancipation and affirmation in the world. The main limitation of this research relates to the fact that there are not many studies with children/young people. This led the researcher to also include studies based on a mixed sample and with adults referring to childhood/adolescence, which might have influenced the interpretation of findings.
Antiracism internship: Applying the ecological social justice school counseling theory
Authors: Johnson Kaprea F. , Brookover Dana L. , Gantt‐Howrey Alexandra , Clemons Krystal L. , Robins Lauren B.
Published: November 2022

This manuscript describes an empirically designed internship course that utilized the Ecological Social Justice School Counseling theory to teach internship students how to engage in antiracist practice to address social determinants of health in schools. The research reports on the eight school counseling internship students' experiences, through five themes and 12 subthemes, highlighting the ways they increased awareness of SDOH, antiracist practice, and related constructs at their schools and with students including their action toward addressing SDOH, advocacy, barriers, and growth. Implications for counselor educators and site supervisors conclude.
Critical Analysis of MXene Production with In‐Situ HF Forming Agents for Sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: Gentile Antonio , Marchionna Stefano , Balordi Marcella , Pagot Gioele , Ferrara Chiara , Di Noto Vito , Ruffo Riccardo
Published: November 2022

Invited for this issue's Front Cover is the Research group of Prof. Riccardo Ruffo from University of Milano Bicocca (Italy). The cover picture shows schematically the synthesis of the MXene 2D material (on the right) using acidic solutions starting from the lamellar 3D MAX phase (on the left) avoiding the direct use of HF to improve the sustainability of the MXenes production. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202200891.
Spontaneous Formation of Heterostructured Perovskite Films for Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Yang Hua Gui , Yang Shuang , Hou Yu
Published: November 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the one of most promising photovoltaic technologies that can be achieved by a simple solution process. At the current stage, the key issues concern further improvements in efficiency and operational lifetime. Constructing a self‐assembled perovskite structure with manipulated chemical and physical properties is a useful and effective strategy to solve these problems. Herein, we review the basic principles of and recent progress in the spontaneous formation behavior of heterostructured perovskite thin films. This concept provides insightful clues for the design and fabrication of stable and efficient PSCs for next‐generation photovoltaics.
Olfactomedin 4 associates with expression of differentiation markers but not with properties of cancer stemness, EMT nor metastatic spread in colorectal cancer
Authors: Jaitner Stefanie , Pretzsch Elise , Neumann Jens , Schäffauer Achim , Schiemann Matthias , Angele Martin , Kumbrink Jörg , Schwitalla Sarah , Greten Florian R , Brandl Lydia , Klauschen Frederick , Horst David , Kirchner Thomas , Jung Andreas
Published: November 2022

Tumor stem cells play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and metastatic spread in colorectal cancer (CRC). Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is co‐expressed with the established stem cell marker leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G protein‐coupled receptor 5 at the bottom of intestinal crypts and has been suggested as a surrogate for cancer stemness and a biomarker in gastrointestinal tumors associated with prognosis. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to clarify whether OLFM4 is involved in carcinogenesis and metastatic spread in CRC. We used a combined approach of functional assays using forced OLFM4 overexpression in human CRC cell lines, xenograft mice, and an immunohistochemical approach using patient tissues to investigate the impact of OLFM4 on stemness, canonical Wnt signaling, properties of metastasis and differentiation as well as prognosis. OLFM4 expression correlated weakly with tumor grade in one patient cohort (metastasis collection: p = 0.05; pooled analysis of metastasis collection and survival collection: p = 0.19) and paralleled the expression of differentiation markers (FABP2, MUC2, and CK20) (p = 0.002) but did not correlate with stemness‐associated markers. Further analyses in CRC cells lines as well as xenograft mice including forced overexpression of OLFM4 revealed that OLFM4 neither altered the expression of markers of stemness nor epithelial–mesenchymal transition, nor did OLFM4 itself drive proliferation, migration, or colony formation, which are all prerequisites of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In line with this, we found no significant correlation between OLFM4 expression, metastasis, and patient survival. In summary, expression of OLFM4 in human CRC seems to be characteristic of differentiation marker expression in CRC but is not a driver of carcinogenesis nor metastatic spread.
Lung and colon cancer classification using hybrid principle component analysis network‐extreme learning machine
Authors: Naga Raju Mallela Siva , Srinivasa Rao Battula
Published: November 2022

Lung and colon cancers are dangerous diseases that can grow in organs and create a negative impact on human life in certain cases. The histological detection of such malignancies is one of the most critical parts of optimal treatment. As a result, the important objective of this article is to create an effective computerized diagnosis system for identifying adenocarcinomas of the colon as well as, adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the lungs using digital histopathology images and the combination of deep and machine learning techniques. For this, an effective optimized hybrid deep and machine learning framework is developed. This framework consists of two stages. In the first stage, the features of lung and colon images are extracted by principle component analysis network. Then the effective classification is conducted based on extreme learning machine (ELM) with the rider optimization algorithm which classifies lung and colon cancer into five types. The empirical investigation shows that the classification results on the benchmark LC25000 dataset have improved significantly. The use of this model will aid medical professionals in the development of an automatic and reliable system for detecting various forms of lung and colon cancers.
Hybrid extreme learning machine based bidirectional longshort‐termmemory for crop prediction
Authors: Shingade Sachin Dattatraya , Mudhalwadkar Rohini Prashant
Published: November 2022

This article introduces a new crop prediction method using hybrid machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models. The proposed model comprises four phases: data preprocessing, feature fusion, feature selection, and prediction. Initially, the dataset is built with the information collected by 250 sensors located at different places in Maharashtra. The constructed dataset has provided sample data for 31 crops, each with four attributes: temperature, humidity, rainfall, and soil potential of hydrogen. After constructing the dataset, preprocessing is the initial step of the proposed framework. Then, feature fusion and selection were performed using the remora‐based partial least squares regression method to achieve the best accuracy. Eventually, the most discriminatory features are incorporated into the hybrid ML and DL model known as the extreme learning machine based on the bi‐directional long short‐term memory for final prediction. The proposed method is implemented in the python platform, and the performance is evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F‐measure, Kappa, MAE, and log loss. Then, the performance of the proposed method is compared with recent existing methods. As a result, the simulated outcomes proved that the proposed method had achieved better performance than the existing methods.
Estimating the In Vivo Function of CYP2D6 Alleles through Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Brexpiprazole
Authors: Frederiksen Trine , Areberg Johan , Raoufinia Arash , Schmidt Ellen , Stage Tore Bjerregaard , Brøsen Kim
Published: November 2022

Accurate prediction of CYP2D6 phenotype from genotype information is important to support safe and efficacious pharmacotherapy with CYP2D6 substrates. To facilitate accurate CYP2D6 genotype–phenotype translation, there remains a need to investigate the enzyme activity associated with individual CYP2D6 alleles using large clinical data sets. This study aimed to quantify and compare the in vivo function of different CYP2D6 alleles through population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling of brexpiprazole using data from 13 clinical studies. A PopPK model of brexpiprazole and its two metabolites, DM‐3411 and DM‐3412, was developed based on plasma concentration samples from 826 individuals. As the minor metabolite, DM‐3412, is formed via CYP2D6, the metabolic ratio of DM‐3412:brexpiprazole calculated from the PopPK parameter estimates was used as a surrogate measure of CYP2D6 activity. A CYP2D6 genotype–phenotype analysis based on 496 subjects showed that the CYP2D6*2 allele (n = 183) was associated with only 10% enzyme activity relative to the wild‐type allele (CYP2D6*1) and a low enzyme activity was consistently observed across genotypes containing CYP2D6*2. Among the decreased function alleles, the following enzyme activities relative to CYP2D6*1 were estimated: 23% for CYP2D6*9 (n = 20), 32% for CYP2D6*10 (n = 62), 64% for CYP2D6*14 (n = 1), 4% for CYP2D6*17 (n = 37), 4% for CYP2D6*29 (n = 13), and 9% for CYP2D6*41 (n = 64). These findings imply that a lower functional value would more accurately reflect the in vivo function of many reduced function CYP2D6 alleles in the metabolism of brexpiprazole. The low enzyme activity observed for CYP2D6*2, which has also been reported by others, suggests that the allele exhibits substrate‐specific enzyme activity.
Methodological Studies of the Mechanism of Anion Insertion in Nanometer‐Sized Carbon Micropores
Authors: Welty Connor , Taylor Erin E. , Posey Sadie , Vailati Patric , Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Stadie Nicholas P.
Published: November 2022

Dual‐ion hybrid capacitors (DIHCs) are a promising class of electrochemical energy storage devices intermediate between batteries and supercapacitors, exhibiting both high energy and power density, and generalizable across wide chemistries beyond lithium. In this study, a model carbon framework material with a periodic structure containing exclusively 1.2 nm width pores, zeolite‐templated carbon (ZTC), was investigated as the positive electrode for the storage of a range of anions relevant to DIHC chemistries. Screening experiments were carried out across 21 electrolyte compositions within a common stable potential window of 3.0–4.0 V vs. Li/Li+ to determine trends in capacity as a function of anion and solvent properties. To achieve fast rate capability, a binary solvent balancing a high dielectric constant with a low viscosity and small molecular size was used; optimized full‐cells based on LiPF6 in binary electrolyte exhibited 146 Wh kg−1 and >4000 W kg−1 energy and power densities, respectively.
Growing up with dyslexia: Child and parent perspectives on school struggles, self‐esteem, and mental health
Authors: Wilmot Adrienne , Pizzey Hannah , Leitão Suze , Hasking Penelope , Boyes Mark
Published: November 2022

Children with dyslexia, compared with typically reading peers, are at increased risk of internalising (e.g., anxiety) and externalising (e.g., aggression) mental health concerns; why this is the case is largely unknown. Our aim was to explore the socio‐emotional experience of growing up with dyslexia from both child and parent perspectives. In so doing, we aimed to gain a better understanding of self‐esteem and mental health in the context of dyslexia. One‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews with 17 children with reading difficulties (aged 9–14 years; 16 with a diagnosis of dyslexia) and their mothers (interviewed separately) were analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis approach with a neurodiversity lens. We developed three themes to address the research aim: (1) Different in a good/bad way; (2) Exhausted and overwhelmed; and (3) It takes a community: Family school connections. Children discussed having “worries” and experiencing school‐related stress and embarrassment. Mothers perceived children's internalising and externalising behaviour (meltdowns), school refusal, and homework resistance as emotional responses to children's school struggles due to poor “person‐environment fit.” Our analysis highlights the particular importance of parent support, friendship, and school‐connectedness for the wellbeing of children with dyslexia.
Nonlinear effects of environmental drivers shape macroinvertebrate biodiversity in an agricultural pondscape
Authors: Musseau Camille L. , Onandia Gabriela , Petermann Jana S. , Sagouis Alban , Lischeid Gunnar , Jeschke Jonathan M.
Published: November 2022

Agriculture is a leading cause of biodiversity loss and significantly impacts freshwater biodiversity through many stressors acting locally and on the landscape scale. The individual effects of these numerous stressors are often difficult to disentangle and quantify, as they might have nonlinear impacts on biodiversity. Within agroecosystems, ponds are biodiversity hotspots providing habitat for many freshwater species and resting or feeding places for terrestrial organisms. Ponds are strongly influenced by their terrestrial surroundings, and understanding the determinants of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes remains difficult but crucial for improving conservation policies and actions. We aimed to identify the main effects of environmental and spatial variables on α‐, β‐, and γ‐diversities of macroinvertebrate communities inhabiting ponds (n = 42) in an agricultural landscape in the Northeast Germany, and to quantify the respective roles of taxonomic turnover and nestedness in the pondscape. We disentangled the nonlinear effects of a wide range of environmental and spatial variables on macroinvertebrate α‐ and β‐biodiversity. Our results show that α‐diversity is impaired by eutrophication (phosphate and nitrogen) and that overshaded ponds support impoverished macroinvertebrate biota. The share of arable land in the ponds' surroundings decreases β‐diversity (i.e., dissimilarity in community), while β‐diversity is higher in shallower ponds. Moreover, we found that β‐diversity is mainly driven by taxonomic turnover and that ponds embedded in arable fields support local and regional diversity. Our findings highlight the importance of such ponds for supporting biodiversity, identify the main stressors related to human activities (eutrophication), and emphasize the need for a large number of ponds in the landscape to conserve biodiversity. Small freshwater systems in agricultural landscapes challenge us to compromise between human demands and nature conservation worldwide. Identifying and quantifying the effects of environmental variables on biodiversity inhabiting those ecosystems can help address threats impacting freshwater life with more effective management of pondscapes.
Anguimorpha as a model group for studying the comparative heart morphology among Lepidosauria: Evolutionary window on the ventricular septation
Authors: Gregorovicova Martina , Bartos Martin , Jensen Bjarke , Janacek Jiri , Minne Bryan , Moravec Jiri , Sedmera David
Published: November 2022

The group Anguimorpha represents one of the most unified squamate clades in terms of body plan, ecomorphology, ecophysiology and evolution. On the other hand, the anguimorphs vary between different habitats and ecological niches. Therefore, we focused on the group Anguimorpha to test a possible correlation between heart morphology and ecological niche with respect to phylogenetic position in Squamata with Sphenodon, Salvator, and Pogona as the outgroups. The chosen lepidosaurian species were investigated by microCT. Generally, all lepidosaurs had two well‐developed atria with complete interatrial septum and one ventricle divided by ventricular septa to three different areas. The ventricles of all lepidosaurians had a compact layer and abundant trabeculae. The compact layer and trabeculae were developed in accordance with particular ecological niche of the species, the trabeculae in nocturnal animals with low metabolism, such as Sphenodon, Heloderma or Lanthanotus were more massive. On the other hand athletic animals, such as varanids or Salvator, had ventricle compartmentalization divided by three incomplete septa. A difference between varanids and Salvator was found in compact layer thickness: thicker in monitor lizards and possibly linked to their mammalian‐like high blood pressure, and the level of ventricular septation. In summary: heart morphology varied among clades in connection with the ecological niche of particular species and it reflects the phylogenetic position in model clade Anguimorpha. In the absence of fossil evidence, this is the closest approach how to understand heart evolution and septation in clade with different cardiac compartmentalization levels.
Complex urban environments provide Apis mellifera with a richer plant forage than suburban and more rural landscapes
Authors: Fox Graeme , Vellaniparambil Latha R. , Ros Loreto , Sammy Joshua , Preziosi Richard F. , Rowntree Jennifer K.
Published: November 2022

Growth in the global development of cities, and increasing public interest in beekeeping, has led to increase in the numbers of urban apiaries. Towns and cities can provide an excellent diet for managed bees, with a diverse range of nectar and pollen available throughout a long flowering season, and are often more ecologically diverse than the surrounding rural environments. Accessible urban honeybee hives are a valuable research resource to gain insights into the diet and ecology of wild pollinators in urban settings. We used DNA metabarcoding of the rbcL and ITS2 gene regions to characterize the pollen community in Apis mellifera honey, inferring the floral diet, from 14 hives across an urban gradient around Greater Manchester, UK. We found that the proportion of urban land around a hive is significantly associated with an increase in the diversity of plants foraged and that invasive and non‐native plants appear to play a critical role in the sustenance of urban bees, alongside native plant species. The proportion of improved grassland, typical of suburban lawns and livestock farms, is significantly associated with decreases in the diversity of plant pollen found in honey samples. These findings are relevant to urban landscape developers motivated to encourage biodiversity and bee persistence, in line with global bio‐food security agendas.
The lipidome of an omnivorous insect responds to diet composition and social environment
Authors: Gutiérrez Yeisson , Fresch Marion , Scherber Christoph , Brockmeyer Jens
Published: November 2022

Lipids are biomolecules with essential roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and cellular architecture. In this study, we investigated changes in the lipidome of the house cricketAcheta domesticussubjected to diets of different nutritional composition (i.e., protein to carbohydrate ratio) and two distinct social environments (i.e., solitary or in groups). We measured relative abundances of 811 lipid species in whole‐body cricket samples using flow injection analysis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We assessed differences in the relative abundances of lipid species induced by diet composition and social environment in female and maleA. domesticus. Additionally, we performed a functional analysis of the lipids with significant differences using a recently developed database. We found that most differences in the relative abundances of lipid species were explained by sex alone. Furthermore, the lipidome of femaleA. domesticuswas responsive to diet composition. Females fed with the balanced diet had an even higher abundance of lipids involved in lipid storage than their counterparts fed with a protein‐rich diet. Interestingly, the male cricket lipidome was not responsive to diet composition. In addition, the social environment did not induce significant changes in the lipid profile neither in female nor in male crickets.
Landscape dynamics of a vector‐borne disease in the westernUS: How vector–habitat relationships inform disease hotspots
Authors: Elias Emile , Savoy Heather M. , Swanson Dustin A. , Cohnstaedt Lee W. , Peters Debra P. C. , Derner Justin D. , Pelzel‐McCluskey Angela , Drolet Barbara , Rodriguez Luis
Published: November 2022

Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a vector‐borne viral disease that causes lesions in livestock, premises, county and state quarantines, and important economic losses. We investigated vector–habitat characteristics for vectors associated with VS in regions of recurrent disease within the western United States (US) that consistently lead to the environment where vector, host, and pathogen populations intersect to enable pathogen transmission. We analyzed the habitats of previously identified insect vectors, including black flies (BFs) (Simulium vittatumcomplex), biting midges (BMs) (Culicoides variipenniscomplex, which includesCulicoides sonorensis), and sand flies (SFs) (Lutzomyia shannoni) in six regions of interest (ROIs) containing hotspots of VS ranging from Texas (TX) to Wyoming. This analysis broadened the understanding of (1) how regions of reoccurring VS differ from the broader western US, (2) how geographically separated regions and hotspots are similar across time, and (3) how vector–environment habitat a priori knowledge relates to observed hotspots. Analysis of watershed factors (livestock densities, land‐cover proportions, stream and lake densities, and irrigation methods) indicated a complex system separating areas with high, recurring VS from the broader western US. Although no single characteristic separated the six ROIs from other areas, we found two distinct emerging groups (northern ROI and TX). Hotspots, estimated from monthly VS concentrations, evolved northward throughout the year and most hotspots were closer to flowing water and agricultural land than the broader ROI. All ROIs contained environmental conditions suitable for multiple vectors at some point in the year, but BFs had the highest suitability scores, whereas BM scores were lower and varied annually with higher suitability in summer. SFs had the lowest suitability score in all ROIs, consistent with their low likelihood of being vectors. BM habitat patches were often orders of magnitude smaller than BF patches, and hotspot patches reinforce the likelihood that BF may be the most critical vector in northern ROI, whereas both BM and BF have similar likelihood in southern ROI. Given limited existing vector data, this analysis provides an alternate pathway for using habitat information to associate likely vectors responsible for transmission. Results could support early warning and mitigation efforts to reduce the incidence of VS.