bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and practice related to reproductive health among female adolescents
Authors: Gaferi Sharifa M. , Al-Harbi Manal F. , Yakout Sahar M. , Soliman Aziza T.
Published: March 2018

Objective: Reproductive health (RH) is a crucial aspect of general health; it is a reflection of health during adolescence and adulthood. The period of adolescence in females is a period of physical and psychological preparation for safe motherhood. As direct reproducers, adolescent girls’ health influences not only their own health but also the health of the future generation. This study aimed to assess knowledge, hygiene practices during menses, and attitudes of female adolescents in Riyadh female secondary schools regarding RH aspects.Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this study conducted on 350 female students selected from governmental secondary schools in Riyadh using multistage random sample type. Two tools were used for data collection in the current study: a self-administered questionnaire and an Attitudinal Assessment scale.Results: The findings showed that more than two-thirds (66.3%) of the participants had inaccurate knowledge, while about one-third (33.7%) of them had correct knowledge regarding RH. With respect to overall hygiene practices during menstruation, about 95.4% had correct menstruation hygiene practice, while only 4.6% had incorrect practices. The majority (88.3%) of students had positive attitudes regarding RH, while only 11.7% had negative attitudes. Mothers are a vital source of information regarding RH.Conclusions: The present study concluded that female adolescents had unsatisfactory knowledge, inadequate hygiene practices, and positive attitudes toward RH. It is recommended to improve adolescents’ knowledge regarding RH issues and involve their parents and teachers to provide appropriate education related to RH issues.
Computed tomography identified factors that preclude living kidney donation
Authors: Mastrocostas Katerina , Chingkoe Christina M. , Pace Kenneth T. , Barfett Joseph J. , Kirpalani Anish , Mnatzakanian Gevork N. , Vlachou Paraskevi A. , Colak Errol
Published: March 2018

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the variety and prevalence of renal and non-renal abnormalities detected on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) that precluded patients from donating a kidney.Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained and the requirement for informed consent was waived. A retrospective, single-centre review of 701 patients (444 female, 257 male; age range 18–86 years; mean age 43.2±11.9 years) that underwent renal donor protocol MDCT was conducted. A systematic review of the CT report, records from multidisciplinary renal transplantation rounds, and electronic medical records was performed to determine which patients were approved or declined as live renal donors. If declined as a donor, CT-identified reasons were categorized as abnormalities of renal vasculature, renal parenchyma, collecting system, or extra-renal.Results: A total of 81 patients were excluded as renal donors on the basis of CT findings. Abnormalities of the collecting system accounted for the most frequent cause of exclusion (n=41), with asymptomatic renal calculi being detected in 39 patients. Complex vascular anatomy and vascular abnormalities resulted in the exclusion of 29 patients. Supernumerary arteries and early arterial branching resulted in the exclusion of 20 patients, while renal vein anomalies leading to exclusion were uncommon (n=2). Abnormalities of renal parenchyma resulted in the exclusion of nine patients. Three patients were diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, two patients had renal cell carcinoma, and two patients had areas of cortical scarring. A complex cystic lesion requiring surveillance imaging was encountered in one patient and a large area of renal infarction related to prior adrenalectomy was demonstrated in one patient. Extra-renal abnormalities leading to exclusion were limited to two patients with pulmonary nodules.Conclusions: MDCT plays a critical role in the preoperative assessment of potential renal donors by identifying contraindications to donor nephrectomy and providing accurate vascular mapping. This study is anticipated to be informative for those involved in the workup of potential living renal donors by quantifying the incidence and reasons for donor exclusion identified on CT.
Prognostic and predictive clinical factors in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with cabazitaxel
Authors: Yokom Daniel W. , Stewart John , Alimohamed Nimira S. , Winquist Eric , Barry Scott , Hubay Stacey , Lattouf Jean-Baptiste , Leonard Helene , Girolametto Carla , Saad Fred , Sridhar Srikala S.
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Cabazitaxel is one of several treatment options available for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have progressed on docetaxel. Little is known about clinical factors that influence prognosis or treatment response for patients receiving cabazitaxel. Identifying prognostic and predictive factors could contribute to the optimal selection of patients for treatment after docetaxel.Methods: A retrospective review of patients enrolled on the cabazitaxel Canadian Early Access Program (C-EAP) was performed. Clinical factors were analyzed by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of prognosis and response.Results: Forty-five patients from five centres in Canada were included in this study. On multivariable analysis, lower hemoglobin was associated with shorter survival. No other factors were independently associated with survival, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, or primary PSA progression.Conclusions: Clinical factors predicting survival or treatment response were not identified for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving cabazitaxel. Larger studies may be necessary to identify clinical factors and biomarkers that identify whether patients should or should not receive cabazitaxel.
It is Tuesday
Authors: Lammey
Published: March 2018

Here's an abstract
Comparative analysis of adsorption and corrosion inhibitive properties of ethanol extract of Dialium Guineense leaves for mild steel in 0.5 M HCl
Authors: Adeniji Shola Elijah , Akindehinde Bamigbola Abiola
Published: March 2018

Adsorption and corrosion inhibitive properties of ethanol extract of Dialium guineense leaves for mild steel in 0.5M HCl was studied using the gravimetric method. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Dialium guineense leaves is a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M HCl. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increase in the concentration of ethanol extract of Dialium guineense leaves up to the maximum of 92 %, but at the same time it decreased as the temperature was increased. Corrosion inhibition by the extract of Dialium guineense leaves is carried out by adsorption mechanism with the kinetics of corrosion following the pseudo first order reaction with high correlation. Thermodynamic consideration revealed that adsorption of the ethanol extract of Dialium guineense leaves on mild steel surface is an exothermic and spontaneous process that fitted the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The values of activation energy and Gibb’s free energy were found within the range of limits expected for the mechanism of physical adsorption.
Presentism, Atemporality, and Time’s Way
Authors: Leftow Brian ,   The Society of Christian Philosophers
Published: March 2018

After defining presentism, I consider four arguments that presentism and divine atemporality are incompatible. I identify an assumption common to the four, ask what reason there is to consider it true, and argue against it.
Shifting feminist politics in education: Contemporary philosophical perspectives
Authors: Hållander Marie , Schumann Claudia
Published: March 2018

Introduction.
On Happiness and Critique. From Bouquet V to ´possible elsewheres´
Authors: Schumann Claudia
Published: March 2018

The paper explores the relationship of happiness and critique. It is a reflection on a decade of being trained in and practicing philosophical critique. It is a reflection on experiences I had during teaching on social justice, inclusion and diversity; and it is a reflection on the on-going debate on negative vs. affirmative forms of critique within feminist philosophy. It is also an exercise in imagining a transformation of our critical practices, where the embrace of more affirmative (rather than destructive-negative) modes of critique does not entail overlooking or turning a blind eye to the barriers that unjustly restrain some movements and allow for others' privileges to persist. I suggest that a diffractive approach to critique would allow for joyfully interchanging and alternating appropriate modes of debunking, of being the killjoy against sedimentations that weigh some of us down, with other modes of critique which allow us to augment and lift up examples of already on-going structural change.
Interventions verbales des formateurs lors des entretiens de stage : entre l’évaluation formative et certificative
Authors: TOMINSKA Edyta , DOBROWOLSKA Dominika , BALSLEV Kristine
Published: March 2018

Cet article s’intéresse aux interventions verbales des formateurs lors des entretiens de stage et se focalise sur les thématiques reflétant les préoccupations des enseignants en formation. L’analyse des entretiens à visée formative et certificative a pour but d’étudier l’influence de ces deux modes d’évaluation sur le développement des échanges entre les trois partenaires. Notre démarche méthodologique qualitative et interprétative utilise des catégories dérivées de l’analyse du discours. Nos résultats montrent une variété d’interventions des formateurs lors des entretiens permettant d’établir et de soutenir les espaces de réflexion et de questionnement de la pratique enseignante. Ils mettent également en évidence les diverses façons possibles d’accompagner les stagiaires dans le passage vers le monde professionnel.
Du processus de reconnaissance à l’évaluation de la pratique professionnelle
Authors: FRISTALON Isabelle
Published: March 2018

L’analyse de pratiques et l’analyse de l’activité constituent actuellement des outils incontournables de l’accompagnement en formation des enseignants de la formation professionnelle. Nous nous interrogeons dans cet article sur ce que cela génère en termes de développement professionnel pour les personnes en formation et comment cette analyse de l’activité s’articule avec les dimensions de l’évaluation. Nous aborderons cette réflexion à travers l’expérience vécue d’un enseignant en formation. A partir de l’analyse et d’un entretien d’autoconfrontation nous mettrons en évidence trois processus à l’oeuvre dans cette démarche : la confrontation à l’activité, la reconnaissance de soi par autrui et de soi par soi, et la renormalisation comme création ou recréation de normes.
Hypoexcitability precedes denervation in the large fast-contracting motor units in two unrelated mouse models of ALS
Authors: Martínez-Silva María de Lourdes , Imhoff-Manuel Rebecca D , Sharma Aarti , Heckman CJ , Shneider Neil A , Roselli Francesco , Zytnicki Daniel , Manuel Marin
Published: March 2018

Hyperexcitability has been suggested to contribute to motoneuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). If this is so, and given that the physiological type of a motor unit determines the relative susceptibility of its motoneuron in ALS, then one would expect the most vulnerable motoneurons to display the strongest hyperexcitability prior to their degeneration, whereas the less vulnerable should display a moderate hyperexcitability, if any. We tested this hypothesis in vivo in two unrelated ALS mouse models by correlating the electrical properties of motoneurons with their physiological types, identified based on their motor unit contractile properties. We found that, far from being hyperexcitable, the most vulnerable motoneurons become unable to fire repetitively despite the fact that their neuromuscular junctions were still functional. Disease markers confirm that this loss of function is an early sign of degeneration. Our results indicate that intrinsic hyperexcitability is unlikely to be the cause of motoneuron degeneration.
High levels of histones promote whole-genome-duplications and trigger a Swe1WEE1-dependent phosphorylation of Cdc28CDK1
Authors: Maya Miles Douglas , Peñate Xenia , Sanmartín Olmo Trinidad , Jourquin Frederic , Muñoz Centeno Maria Cruz , Mendoza Manuel , Simon Marie-Noelle , Chavez Sebastian , Geli Vincent
Published: March 2018

Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) have played a central role in the evolution of genomes and constitute an important source of genome instability in cancer. Here, we show in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that abnormal accumulations of histones are sufficient to induce WGDs. Our results link these WGDs to a reduced incorporation of the histone variant H2A.Z to chromatin. Moreover, we show that high levels of histones promote Swe1WEE1 stabilisation thereby triggering the phosphorylation and inhibition of Cdc28CDK1 through a mechanism different of the canonical DNA damage response. Our results link high levels of histones to a specific type of genome instability that is quite frequently observed in cancer and uncovers a new mechanism that might be able to respond to high levels of histones.
Cherub versus brat
Authors: Malin Jennifer A , Desplan Claude
Published: March 2018

A long non-coding RNA molecule called cherub is a driver of tumor development.
Theorising Risk Work: Analysing Professionals’ Lifeworlds and Practices
Authors: Brown Patrick , Gale Nicola
Published: March 2018

The proliferation of risk logics within public and private sector organisational contexts where many professionals work has been studied as a phenomenon itself, as governance and in its impact on clients. The everyday experiences and practices of (para)professionals where risk has become a key and in some cases (re)defining feature or logic of everyday work—in assessing, intervening, advising and/or communicating—has received much less attention. We develop a theoretical framework for analysing this risk work, identifying three core and interwoven features—risk knowledge, interventions, and social relations. Central to our argument is that these features often stand in tension with one another, as intrinsic and implicit features of risk knowledge—probabilities, categories and values—become explicit and awkward in everyday practices and interactions. We explore key analytical trajectories suggested by our theoretical framework—in particular, the ways in which tensions emerge, remain (partially) hidden or are reconciled in practice.
Connective Routines: How Medical Professionals Work with Safety Checklists
Authors: Kuiper Marlot
Published: March 2018

New standards like checklists are introduced to establish so-called “connective professionalism,” but it is difficult to work with checklists in daily circumstances. Professionals might comply with standards, but they might also neglect or resist them. By linking the sociology of professions to routine theory, we develop a relational perspective on working with standards, which is sensitive to the actual usage of standards, not so much “by” but “in-between” professionals. We analysed whether and how checklists are part of daily professional routines. Our ethnographic data show that medical professionals pragmatically cope with checklists. They “tick boxes,” but also use standards to improve case treatment, depending on the nature of cases, time pressure, and team composition. Connections between professionals not so much result from standards, but are a prerequisite for using standards. Professionals themselves rather than checklists establish collaboration, but checklists might be important devices for using “connective potential.”Various exogenous developments force professions to organize collaboration. New standards, like checklists, are introduced to reconfigure work and organize so-called ‘connective professionalism’. Despite serious efforts, it has proven difficult to incorporate these standards in daily practice. Different perspectives on the reconfiguration of professional work explain noncompliance. While implementation science employs a solely instrumental perspective, Sociology of Professions literature employs a broader social perspective mostly focusing on maintaining professional power. By combining Sociology of Professions and Routine Theory, this paper provides an analytical perspective that embraces possibilities for change of routines. A critical case in surgical care is used to empirically show how a checklist (re)creates professional routines. Our ethnographic data show that rather than the result of active professional resistance, differences between checklists and routines emerge from pragmatic coping with checklists amidst high-paced circumstances. Though deviating from the formal rule, these might be meaningful action patterns.
Metal Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Therapy of Bacterial Infection
Authors: Yuan Peiyan , Ding Xin , Yang Yi Yan , Xu Qing‐Hua
Published: March 2018

Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially multidrug‐resistant bacteria, and their global spreading have become serious public health concerns. Early diagnosis and effective therapy can efficiently prevent deterioration and further spreading of the infections. There is an urgent need for sensitive, selective, and facile diagnosis as well as therapeutically potent treatment. The emergence of nanotechnology has provided more options for diagnosis and treatments of bacterial infections. Metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles have drawn intense attention owing to their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. These versatile metal‐based nanoparticles have great potential for selective detection of bacteria and/or therapy. This review gives an overview of recent efforts on developing various metal‐based nanoparticles for bacterial detection and infection therapy. It begins with an introduction of fundamental concepts and mechanisms in designing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Representative achievements are selected to illustrate the proof‐of‐concept in vitro and in vivo applications. A brief discussion of challenges and perspective outlook in this field is provided at the end of this review.
Mucoadhesive Cationic Polypeptide Nanogel with Enhanced Penetration for Efficient Intravesical Chemotherapy of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Guo Hui , Li Faping , Xu Weiguo , Chen Jinjin , Hou Yuchuan , Wang Chunxi , Ding Jianxun , Chen Xuesi
Published: March 2018

Initially, chemotherapy is effective for treatment of bladder cancer after transurethral resection of the bladder. However, certain patients progressively become unresponsive after multiple treatment cycles, which results from the rapid and almost complete excretion of clinically used formulations of antineoplastic agents with urinary voiding. Improving the mucoadhesiveness and penetrability of chemotherapeutic drugs are key factors in treatment of advanced bladder cancer. Here, a smart disulfide‐crosslinked polypeptide nanogel of poly(l‐lysine)–poly(l‐phenylalanine‐co‐l‐cystine) (PLL–P(LP‐co‐LC)) is developed to deliver 10‐hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) for treatment of orthotopic bladder cancer. The positively charged PLL–P(LP‐co‐LC) can significantly prolong the retention period and enhance the tissue permeability of HCPT within the bladder wall of rat. Moreover, the reduction‐responsive polypeptide nanogel (i.e., NG/HCPT) possesses the capability to accurately and rapidly deliver HCPT in bladder cancer cells. NG/HCPT can significantly inhibit proliferation of human bladder cancer 5637 cells in vitro and enhance antitumor activity toward an orthotopic rat bladder cancer model in vivo. This work demonstrates that the smart polypeptide nanogel may function as a promising drug‐delivery system for local chemotherapy of bladder cancer with unprecedented clinical benefits.
Wide‐area Stabiliser on Sliding Mode Control for Cross‐area Power Systems with Random Delay and Packet Dropouts
Authors: Li Meng , Chen Yong
Published: March 2018

In recent years, with the development of different types of new energy sources, cross‐area power systems (CAPS), whose purpose is to maintain reasonable distribution and power sharing among different areas, have gained great attention. In this paper, aimed at CAPS with random delay and packet dropouts in the process of data transmission, a novel wide‐area stabiliser on sliding mode control (SMC) is designed. Such stabilisers mainly includes two parts: the design of the wide‐area controller and compensation of the communication constraints. First, a new sliding mode switching function is proposed for designing the wide‐area controller. Then, the networked predictive control (NPC) algorithm based on the designed controller is used to compensate the network‐induced delay and packet dropouts in CAPS. Furthermore, the stability of the close‐loop error system is proved. Finally, one three‐area power system is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The results verify that the stabiliser designed in this paper is reasonable and effective.
Existence of Optimal Mild Solutions and Controllability of Fractional Impulsive Stochastic Partial Integro‐Differential Equations with Infinite Delay
Authors: Yan Zuomao , Jia Xiumei
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we investigate a new class of fractional impulsive stochastic partial integro‐differential equations with infinite delay in Hilbert spaces. By using the stochastic analysis theory, fractional calculus, analytic α‐resolvent operator and the fixed point technique combined with fractional powers of closed operators, we firstly give the existence of of mild solutions and optimal mild solutions for the these equations. Next, the controllability of the controlled fractional impulsive stochastic partial integro‐differential systems with not instantaneous impulses is presented. Finally, examples are also given to illustrate our results.
1,2,4‐trihydroxynaphthalene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside delays amyloid‐β42 aggregation and reduces amyloid cytotoxicity
Authors: Dhouafli Zohra , Leri Manuela , Bucciantini Monica , Stefani Massimo , Gadhoumi Hamza , Mahjoub Borhane , Ben Jannet Hichem , Guillard Jérôme , Ksouri Riadh , Saidani Tounsi Moufida , Soto Claudio , Hayouni El Akrem
Published: March 2018

Presently, misfolding and aggregation of amyloid‐β42 (Aβ42) are considered early events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. The use of natural products to inhibit the aggregation process and to protect cells from cytotoxicity of early aggregate grown at the onset of the aggregation path is one of the promising strategies against AD. Recently, we have purified a new powerful antioxidant and inhibitor of Aβ42 aggregation from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis. The new compound was identified as a new Lawsoniaside; 1,2,4‐trihydroxynaphthalene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (THNG). Herein, we show that THNG interferes with Aβ42 aggregation, inhibits its conformational change to a β‐sheet‐rich structure, decreases its polymerization into large fibrillar species, reduces oxidative stress, and aggregate cytotoxicity. These results indicate that THNG has great potential as a neuroprotective and therapeutic agent against AD. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):272–280, 2018
Discriminating Chemosensor for Detection of Fe3+ in Aqueous Media by Fluorescence Quenching Methodology
Authors: Vanjare Balasaheb D. , Mahajan Prasad G. , Hong Seong‐Karp , Lee Ki Hwan
Published: March 2018

The Schiff base as chemosensor (B) namely 2‐((anthracen‐1‐ylimino) methyl) phenol was designed and synthesized. The spectral properties of chemosensor B were confirmed by using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC–MS techniques. The chemosensor B shows a significant fluorescence quenching with incremental addition of Fe3+. The present chemosensor B shows unaffected fluorescence response induced by Fe3+ even in the presence of other competing ions in mixed solvent system. The binding mode and stoichiometry (2:1) between chemosensor B and Fe3+ were analyzed by recording 1H NMR and Job's plot respectively. The ground state complexation of chemosensor B and Fe3+was confirmed by absorption titration and fluorescence lifetime measurement in the absence and presence of various concentration of Fe3+ ion to chemosensor B. The lower detection limit for Fe3+ found to be 0.59 μM with correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9815. The present chemosensor B successfully applied for quantitative determination of the Fe3+ ion from ordinary water samples.
Effects of a zoonotic pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi, on the behavior of a key reservoir host
Authors: Ostfeld Richard S. , Brisson Dustin , Oggenfuss Kelly , Devine Jill , Levy Michael Z. , Keesing Felicia
Published: March 2018

Most emerging infectious diseases of humans are transmitted to humans from other animals. The transmission of these “zoonotic” pathogens is affected by the abundance and behavior of their wildlife hosts. However, the effects of infection with zoonotic pathogens on behavior of wildlife hosts, particularly those that might propagate through ecological communities, are not well understood. Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterium that causes Lyme disease, the most common vector‐borne disease in the USA and Europe. In its North American range, the pathogen is most frequently transmitted among hosts through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). Using sham and true vaccines, we experimentally manipulated infection load with this zoonotic pathogen in its most competent wildlife reservoir host, the white‐footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, and quantified the effects of infection on mouse foraging behavior, as well as levels of mouse infestation with ticks. Mice treated with the true vaccine had 20% fewer larval blacklegged ticks infesting them compared to mice treated with the sham vaccine, a significant difference. We observed a nonsignificant trend for mice treated with the true vaccine to be more likely to visit experimental foraging trays (20%–30% effect size) and to prey on gypsy moth pupae (5%–20% effect size) compared to mice treated with the sham vaccine. We observed no difference between mice on true‐ versus sham‐vaccinated grids in risk‐averse foraging. Infection with this zoonotic pathogen appears to elicit behavioral changes that might reduce self‐grooming, but other behaviors were affected subtly or not at all. High titers of B. burgdorferi in mice could elicit a self‐reinforcing feedback loop in which reduced grooming increases tick burdens and hence exposure to tick‐borne pathogens.
Trait and phylogenetic diversity provide insights into community assembly of reef‐associated shrimps (Palaemonidae) at different spatial scales across the Chagos Archipelago
Authors: Head Catherine E. I. , Koldewey Heather , Pavoine Sandrine , Pratchett Morgan S. , Rogers Alex D. , Taylor Michelle L. , Bonsall Michael B.
Published: March 2018

Coral reefs are the most biodiverse marine ecosystem and one of the most threatened by global climate change impacts. The vast majority of diversity on reefs is comprised of small invertebrates that live within the reef structure, termed the cryptofauna. This component of biodiversity is hugely understudied, and many species remain undescribed. This study represents a rare analysis of assembly processes structuring a distinct group of cryptofauna, the Palaemonidae, in the Chagos Archipelago, a reef ecosystem under minimal direct human impacts in the central Indian Ocean. The Palaemonidae are a diverse group of Caridae (infraorder of shrimps) that inhabit many different niches on coral reefs and are of particular interest because of their varied habitat associations. Phylogenetic and trait diversity and phylogenetic signal were used to infer likely drivers of community structure. The mechanisms driving palaemonid community assembly and maintenance in the Chagos Archipelago showed distinct spatial patterns. At local scales, among coral colonies and among reefs fringing individual atolls, significant trait, and phylogenetic clustering patterns suggest environmental filtering may be a dominant ecological process driving Palaemonidae community structure, although local competition through equalizing mechanisms may also play a role in shaping the local community structure. Importantly, we also tested the robustness of phylogenetic diversity to changes in evolutionary information as multi‐gene phylogenies are resource intensive and for large families, such as the Palaemonidae, are often incomplete. These tests demonstrated a very modest impact on phylogenetic community structure, with only one of the four genes (PEPCKgene) in the phylogeny affecting phylogenetic diversity patterns, which provides useful information for future studies on large families with incomplete phylogenies. These findings contribute to our limited knowledge of this component of biodiversity in a marine locality as close to undisturbed by humans as can be found. It also provides a rare evaluation of phylogenetic diversity methods.
Competition matters: Determining the drivers of land snail community assembly among limestone karst areas in northern Vietnam
Authors: von Oheimb Parm Viktor , von Oheimb Katharina C. M. , Hirano Takahiro , Do Tu Van , Luong Hao Van , Ablett Jonathan , Pham Sang Van , Naggs Fred
Published: March 2018

The insular limestone karsts of northern Vietnam harbor a very rich biodiversity. Many taxa are strongly associated with these environments, and individual species communities can differ considerably among karst areas. The exact processes that have shaped the biotic composition of these habitats, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, the role of two major processes for the assembly of snail communities on limestone karsts was investigated, interspecific competition and filtering of taxa due to geographical factors. Communities of operculate land snails of the genusCyclophoruswere studied using the dry and fluid‐preserved specimen collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Phylogenetic distances (based on a Bayesian analysis usingDNAsequence data) and shell characters (based on 200 semilandmarks) were used as proxies for ecological similarity and were analyzed to reveal patterns of overdispersion (indicating competition) or clustering (indicating filtering) in observed communities compared to random communities. Among the seven studied karst areas, a total of 15Cyclophoruslineages were found. Unique communities were present in each area. The analyses revealed phylogenetic overdispersion in six and morphological overdispersion in four of seven karst areas. The pattern of frequent phylogenetic overdispersion indicated that competition among lineages is the major process shaping theCyclophoruscommunities studied. The Coastal Area, which was phylogenetically overdispersed, showed a clear morphological clustering, which could have been caused by similar ecological adaptations among taxa in this environment. Only the community in the Cuc Phuong Area showed a pattern of phylogenetic clustering, which was partly caused by an absence of a certain, phylogenetically very distinct group in this region. Filtering due to geographical factors could have been involved here. This study shows how museum collections can be used to examine community assembly and contributes to the understanding of the processes that have shaped karst communities in Vietnam.
Effect of suspended solids and its role on struvite formation from digested manure
Authors: Tarragó Elena , Sciarria Tommy Pepè , Ruscalleda Maël , Colprim Jesus , Balaguer Maria D , Adani Fabrizio , Puig Sebastià
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Phosphorus (P) resources are limited, and to assure its supply, efforts must be focused on P‐recovery rather than its removal. In this sense, manure is a mining opportunity for nutrient recovery, for example, when recovered as struvite. However, manure treatment is challenging due to its characteristics, such as the solids content, one of the main hindrances to struvite formation. Many researchers have setablished a limit value of 1 g of total suspended solids (TSS)·L−1 to avoid interferences with struvite precipitation. Despite this, few studies have focused on the effect of solids on struvite formation.

RESULTS

This study identified the role of solids in struvite nucleation and growth, and its interaction. The viability of struvite recovery from digested manure is ensured, even at high concentrations of solids (from 1 to 3 g TSS L−1), recovering more than 95% of the phosphorus as struvite. The results showed that solids not only did not interfere on struvite formation, but also played an important role during struvite crystallization, acting as nuclei favoring heterogeneous nucleation.

CONCLUSIONS

Suspended particles favored the aggregation and/or agglomeration of struvite crystals, forming crystal nets and recovering bigger crystalline structures. The presence of solids on the recovered product might be beneficial for meeting crop demands and maintaining or restoring soil fertility, while applying an excellent slow‐release fertilizer. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel method for quantifying damage to cast‐in‐place self‐centering concrete stepping walls
Authors: Jafari Abouzar , Ghasemi Mohammad Reza , Bengar Habib Akbarzadeh , Hassani Behrooz
Published: March 2018

In this paper, a novel method is presented for quantifying damage to cast‐in‐place self‐centering concrete stepping walls via a proposed numerical model. By conducting a parametric study, an equation is derived to estimate the plastic hinge length of the wall as a function of the axial prestress ratio. To estimate the state of damage in various parts of the wall, including boundary element, wall‐footing interface, and plastic hinge zone, different ratios were introduced. In order to calculate the ratios, damage was calculated at various levels of drift for different values of the prestress ratio. The estimated damage was then compared with the expected damage for the basic performance objective to calibrate the ratios. According to the results, the proposed method can provide insight and valuable information about the probable state of damage. Moreover, to satisfy the basic performance objective requirements, the value of prestress ratio should be limited to 0.125.
BMS group at spatial infinity: the Hamiltonian (ADM) approach
Authors: Henneaux Marc , Troessaert Cédric
Published: March 2018

Abstract

New boundary conditions for asymptotically flat spacetimes are given at spatial infinity. These boundary conditions are invariant under the BMS group, which acts non trivially. The boundary conditions fulfill all standard consistency requirements: (i) they make the symplectic form finite; (ii) they contain the Schwarzchild solution, the Kerr solution and their Poincaré transforms, (iii) they make the Hamiltonian generators of the asymptotic symmetries integrable and well-defined (finite). The boundary conditions differ from the ones given earlier in the literature in the choice of the parity conditions. It is this different choice of parity conditions that makes the action of the BMS group non trivial. Our approach is purely Hamiltonian and off-shell throughout.
Does boundary quantum mechanics imply quantum mechanics in the bulk?
Authors: Kabat Daniel , Lifschytz Gilad
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Perturbative bulk reconstruction in AdS/CFT starts by representing a free bulk field ϕ
(0) as a smeared operator in the CFT. A series of 1/N corrections must be added to ϕ
(0) to represent an interacting bulk field ϕ. These corrections have been determined in the literature from several points of view. Here we develop a new perspective. We show that correlation functions involving ϕ
(0) suffer from ambiguities due to analytic continuation. As a result ϕ
(0) fails to be a well-defined linear operator in the CFT. This means bulk reconstruction can be understood as a procedure for building up well-defined operators in the CFT which thereby singles out the interacting field ϕ. We further propose that the difficulty with defining ϕ
(0) as a linear operator can be re-interpreted as a breakdown of associativity. Presumably ϕ
(0) can only be corrected to become an associative operator in perturbation theory. This suggests that quantum mechanics in the bulk is only valid in perturbation theory around a semiclassical bulk geometry.
Lepton mixing and the charged-lepton mass ratios
Authors: Jurčiukonis Darius , Lavoura Luís
Published: March 2018

Abstract

We construct a class of renormalizable models for lepton mixing that generate predictions given in terms of the charged-lepton mass ratios. We show that one of those models leads, when one takes into account the known experimental values, to almost maximal CP -breaking phases and to almost maximal neutrinoless double-beta decay. We study in detail the scalar potential of the models, especially the bounds imposed by unitarity on the values of the quartic couplings.
FRW and domain walls in higher spin gravity
Authors: Aros R. , Iazeolla C. , Noreña J. , Sezgin E. , Sundell P. , Yin Y.
Published: March 2018

Abstract

We present exact solutions to Vasiliev’s bosonic higher spin gravity equations in four dimensions with positive and negative cosmological constant that admit an interpretation in terms of domain walls, quasi-instantons and Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) backgrounds. Their isometry algebras are infinite dimensional higher-spin extensions of spacetime isometries generated by six Killing vectors. The solutions presented are obtained by using a method of holomorphic factorization in noncommutative twistor space and gauge functions. In interpreting the solutions in terms of Fronsdal-type fields in space-time, a field-dependent higher spin transformation is required, which is implemented at leading order. To this order, the scalar field solves Klein-Gordon equation with conformal mass in (A)dS
4
. We interpret the FRW solution with de Sitter asymptotics in the context of inflationary cosmology and we expect that the domain wall and FRW solutions are associated with spontaneously broken scaling symmetries in their holographic description. We observe that the factorization method provides a convenient framework for setting up a perturbation theory around the exact solutions, and we propose that the nonlinear completion of particle excitations over FRW and domain wall solutions requires black hole-like states.
Reduction Behavior of Dolomite-Fluxed Magnetite: Coke Composite Pellets at 1573 K (1300 °C)
Authors: Park Hyunsik , Sohn Il , TSALAPATIS John , Sahajwalla Veena
Published: March 2018

High-temperature behavior of magnetite—coke composite pellet fluxed with dolomite was investigated by customized thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at 1573 K (1300 °C). The overall reaction was influenced by C/O ratio and dolomite content. The reduction was accelerated by increased amount of dolomite, while the samples with higher C/O ratio showed the improved reduction degree. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of reduced pellet showed the phase changes of the iron oxides. Noticeable iron peaks were observed when the sample reached the final stage of reduction. CO and CO2 gases released from the reaction were measured by Infrared (IR) gas analyzer. Relation between enhanced reducibility of pellets and larger CO gas evolution from the Boudouard reaction was confirmed from the analysis. Compressive strengths were studied for the practical assessment of reduced pellets. Samples with low-reduction degree showed better physical property. Excessive amount of dolomite also deteriorated the integrity of pellets.
Growing Wealth Gaps in Education
Authors: Pfeffer Fabian T.
Published: March 2018

Prior research on trends in educational inequality has focused chiefly on changing gaps in educational attainment by family income or parental occupation. In contrast, this contribution provides the first assessment of trends in educational attainment by family wealth and suggests that we should be at least as concerned about growing wealth gaps in education. Despite overall growth in educational attainment and some signs of decreasing wealth gaps in high school attainment and college access, I find a large and rapidly increasing wealth gap in college attainment between cohorts born in the 1970s and 1980s, respectively. This growing wealth gap in higher educational attainment co-occurred with a rise in inequality in children’s wealth backgrounds, although the analyses also suggest that the latter does not fully account for the former. Nevertheless, the results reported here raise concerns about the distribution of educational opportunity among today’s children who grow up in a context of particularly extreme wealth inequality.
A Comprehensive Review of Tourette Syndrome and Complementary Alternative Medicine
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Duda L. , Mainali G. , Asghar S. , Byler D.
Published: March 2018

Purpose of Review

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric condition defined by both motor and phonic tics over a period of at least 1 year with the onset before 18 years of age. The purpose of this article is to review the use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) in children and adults with Tourette syndrome with emphasis on recent research.

Recent Findings

Most patients do not tell their physician about the use of CAM unless if specifically asked. Of the studies reviewed, description of the treatment and the frequency of use were most often reported. Few studies examine the role or effectiveness of CAM in the treatment of TS specifically.

Practitioners should be aware of current research regarding various CAM modalities used for TS patients, including efficacy, potential adverse effects, and interactions with medications. Robust data about the use of CAM, efficacy, and potential side effects is lacking and requires further research to clarify optimal use.
The longitudinal association between cognitive control capacities, suicidality, and depression during late adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Crandall AliceAnn , Allsop Yvonne , Hanson Carl L.
Published: March 2018

This study examined the association between cognitive control capacities, suicidal thoughts and attempts, and depressive symptoms during late adolescence and young adulthood. The sample included 4192 participants (55.5% female) from the United States who participated in Waves III (2001–2002; respondent age 18–26 years) and IV (2007–2008; respondent age 24–33 years) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Suicidality in late adolescence predicted depressive symptoms in young adulthood. Depressive symptoms were not predictive of later suicide ideation nor attempts. Working memory was associated with lower depressive symptoms. Higher verbal ability was associated with more suicidal thoughts but not attempts. Internal locus of control was associated with decreased depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts/attempts in young adulthood. Findings suggest that cognitive control capacities developed in adolescence differentially predict depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempts in young adulthood.
Developing and raising awareness of the zine collections at the British Library
Authors: Cox Debbie
Published: March 2018

This article presents a practice-based account of collection development related to zines in the British Library. Rather than making the case for the collecting of zines, it aims to describe the process of collection building in a specific time and place, so that researchers have a better understanding of why certain resources are offered to them and others are not, and to share experiences with other librarians with zine collections. Zines form an element of the cultural memory of activists and cultural creators, and for researchers studying them it would seem useful to make transparent the motivations, methods and limitations of collection building. Librarians in the USA have written about their collecting practices for some time, for instance at Barnard College1 and New York Public Library2, there has been less written about the practices of UK libraries. The article aims to make a contribution as a case study alongside accounts of collection development in a range of other libraries with zine collections, and it is written primarily from my own perspective as a curator in Contemporary British Collections since 2015, focusing on current practice, with some reference to earlier collecting.
Multidrug ResistantAcinetobacter baumanii: A 15-Year Trend Analysis
Authors: Russell Dana L. , Uslan Daniel Z. , Rubin Zachary A. , Grogan Tristan R. , Martin Elise M.
Published: March 2018

From 2000 to 2009, rates of multidrug-resistantAcinetobacter baumaniiincreased 10-fold to 0.2 per 1,000 patient days. From 2010 to 2015, however, rates markedly declined and have stayed below 0.05 per 1,000 patient days. Herein, we present a 15-year trend analysis and discuss interventions that may have led to the decline.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:608–611
Impact of Discontinuing Contact Precautions for Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusand Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcus: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Bearman Gonzalo , Abbas Salma , Masroor Nadia , Sanogo Kakotan , Vanhoozer Ginger , Cooper Kaila , Doll Michelle , Stevens Michael P. , Edmond Michael B.
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the impact of discontinuing contact precautions among patients infected or colonized with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) or vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus(VRE) on rates of healthcare-associated infection (HAI). DESIGN. Single-center, quasi-experimental study conducted between 2011 and 2016.

METHODS

We employed an interrupted time series design to evaluate the impact of 7 horizontal infection prevention interventions across intensive care units (ICUs) and hospital wards at an 865-bed urban, academic medical center. These interventions included (1) implementation of a urinary catheter bundle in January 2011, (2) chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) perineal care outside ICUs in June 2011, (3) hospital-wide CHG bathing outside of ICUs in March 2012, (4) discontinuation of contact precautions in April 2013 for MRSA and VRE, (5) assessments and feedback with bare below the elbows (BBE) and contact precautions in August 2014, (6) implementation of an ultraviolet-C disinfection robot in March 2015, and (7) 72-hour automatic urinary catheter discontinuation orders in March 2016. Segmented regression modeling was performed to assess the changes in the infection rates attributable to the interventions.

RESULTS

The rate of HAI declined throughout the study period. Infection rates for MRSA and VRE decreased by 1.31 (P=.76) and 6.25 (P=.21) per 100,000 patient days, respectively, and the infection rate decreased by 2.44 per 10,000 patient days (P=.23) for device-associated HAI following discontinuation of contact precautions.

CONCLUSION

The discontinuation of contact precautions for patients infected or colonized with MRSA or VRE, when combined with horizontal infection prevention measures was not associated with an increased incidence of MRSA and VRE device-associated infections. This approach may represent a safe and cost-effective strategy for managing these patients.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:676–682