bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational Health Hazards Among Workers of Garment Factories in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Nirmeen Rifat , Dipti Tanjeem Rabika , Ferdousi Syeda Khaleda , Hossain Mohammad Zaid , Ferdousi Sultana , Sony Sadia Akther , Zafrin Nahida , Paul Nandita , Islam Mohammad Shohidul
Published: September 2016

A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June of 2013 to find out the occupational health hazards among the workers of different garment factories in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total sample was 145 and purposive sampling technique was followed for data collection, which was done by face to face interview. The data was collected on a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 17.0. Majority (40%) were found in the age group of 16-20 years where mean age was 23.30 ±6.92 years. Among them female (89%) outnumbered the male (11%). Of them 96% were Muslim. Majority (48.3%) were educated up to primary school and most of them (55.9%) were married. 91.7% had monthly salary of 1001-5000 taka. 52.4% respondents were machine operator, but maximum (75%) were unskilled and 72% had length of job between 2-7 years. 91% respondents normally worked for 8-9 hours. 85.5% did 2-3 hours overtime. In the last one year 64.8% had no accident but minor cut, burn or injury was faced by 28.3%. Most of the (44%) respondents did not complain about physical environmental pollution but 33.8% complained of noise pollution. Majority (84.8%) were satisfied with the constant presence of doctor or nurse in their factory. Maximum (51%) respondents suffered from headache or shoulder pain. Insomnia was common in 20% respondents. Majority (56.6%) did not mention any permanent illness. In this study the prevalence of occupational health hazards was 88.28%. A significant relationship was found between noise pollution and headache (P<0.014) and also between length of job (in years) & backache (P<0.091). More emphasis should be given to the workers to improve their health condition and working environment, so that they can increase their efficiency which can ultimately increase the production and add GDP to the country.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 24, No.1, April, 2015, Page 36-43
Olfactory Groove Meningioma: Does anosmia improve following surgery? Report of 20 surgically treated patients in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka
Authors: Das Sukriti , Islam Md Manirul , Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Rahman Md Zillur , Islam Md Rafiqul , Subhan Kazi Irfan
Published: September 2016

Objective: Olfactory Groove Meningioma(OGM) are rare benign tumour account for 8-13% of all intracranial meningiomas and reported about 12 % of all basal meningiomas. Anosmia is thought to be among the commonest symptoms, even though patients often present with headache, visual problem and mental dysfunction.Methods: Tweenty patients (male = 12 andfemale = 8) with olfactory groove meningioma were examined. In all patients extensive pre operative and post operative olfactory testing was performed using conventional soap and cotton soaked with perfume. In 14 cases, meningioma was lateralized (8 Left, 6 Right), in 6 patients meningioma were extended in both sides. CT and MRI scans were performed in all cases.Results:In preoperative testing, 14 patients were found to be anosmic on the side of the tumor, 2 were hyposmic and 4 were normosmic. Postoperative ipsilaterally all patients became anosmic but contralaterally 14 patients were anosmic ,2 were hyposmic and 4 were normosmic.Conclusion:The likelihood of normal post operative olfactory function preservation contra lateral to the tumour was possible in too some extent in smaller size.However,preservation of olfactory function ipsilateral to the tumor seems to be extremely difficult irrespective of tumor size or surgical approach.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 24, No.1, April, 2015, Page 44-46
Effects of formulation and processing methods on the quality and acceptability of cutlets made from minced meat of pangas (Pangasius pangasius)
Authors: Reddy S Vijay Kumar
Published: September 2016

The cutlets prepared in eight different combinations from minced meat of pangas (Pangasius pangasius) were studied for their nutritional composition, texture profile and acceptability. The effects of processing methods on quality of cutlets were also evaluated. Protein, fat and ash contents of the cutlets prepared in different combinations ranged between 13.37 ± 0.38 to 19.73 ± 0.01 %; 11.05 ± 0.14 to 13.98 ± 0.07 % and 1.81 ± 0.03 to 5.59 ± 0.22 % respectively. More protein and fat contents, less hardness and cutting strength values were observed in cutlets made from cooked mince compared to the cutlets from raw mince. Cutlets from all the lots were sensorially acceptable but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) found between cutlets made from raw and cooked mince with or without potato, batter and bread crumbs. Hence, sensorially acceptable cutlets from pangas catfish mince can be prepared using any of the eight combinations studied based on the requirement or economic viability.SAARC J. Agri., 14(1): 25-36 (2016)
Crop productivity and nutrient uptake of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as influenced by integrated nutrient management
Authors: Naher M Shamsun , Fahim AHF , Wadud MA
Published: September 2016

A field experiment was carried out at Spices Research Centre, Shibgonj, Bogra during two consecutive years, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 to evaluate the response of integrated nutrient management on nutrient uptake, protein content and seed yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) var. BARI Fenugreek-2. The field experiment was conducted in combination with inorganic fertilizer and organic manure. The result showed that the treatment T7 compeises application of PM @ 4 t ha-1 + CF (IPNS) produced the maximum seed yield (2.1 t ha-1) but statistically identical to T8 (VC @ 3 t ha-1 + CF (IPNS) and T6 (CD 5 @ ha-1 + CF (IPNS). In case of stover yield, the treatment T7 produced the highest yield (4.89 t ha-1). The grain yield was increased over control and ranged between 65.85 to 156.10 %.The treatments T7 and T8 resulted in higher nutrient use efficiency along with higher N, P, K and S uptake by the plant. The application of inorganic fertilizer along with manure influenced the nutrient concentration in fenugreek seed and stover yield. The higher seed with N, P, K and S concentrations were observed in the treatments where poultry manure @ 4 t ha-1 applied in combination with chemical fertilizers. The combined application of fertilizer and organic manure increased the organic carbon (OC %), organic matter (OM %), total N, available P and available S in post harvest soils. The findings indicate that the integrated use of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure should be encouraged to improvement the deteriorating soil fertility and increased crop yield of fenugreek.SAARC J. Agri., 14(1): 71-79 (2016)
Maximizing wheat yield through integrated use of farmyard manure and fertilizers
Authors: Tripathi SC , Chander Subhash , Meena Raj Pal
Published: September 2016

A field experiment was done for two consecutive years from 2010-11 to 2011-12 with two varieties of wheat (DBW 17 and DPW 621-50) and ten treatments of fertilizer, involving NPK, FYM and micronutrient, with an objective to maximize the crop yield. Results showed that variety DBW 17 recorded significantly higher grain yield (4.93 %), straw yield (6.31%) and HI (1.12%) as compared to DPW 621-50. There was no significant difference in yield attributes between two varieties. Application of 150 % recommended NPK fertilizers produced the maximum grain yield (6.10 t ha-1), which was 7.7 % higher over the 100% NPK fertilizers, followed by 15 t ha-1 FYM application along with 150 (5.98 t ha-1) and 125 % (5.96 t ha-1) NPK application. There had no significant effect of micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe & Mn) on wheat yield indicating that the soil was not deficient in those micronutrients. A significant variation was observed between two years in respect of yield and yield attributes, higher performances being recorded in 2011-12. Crop lodging was observed, with a maximum lodging of 26.4 % causing a yield reduction of up to 9.9 %. Agronomic efficiency was the maximum (13.64 kg grain kg-1 fertilizer) with the recommended rate of fertilizers and it decreased with increasing rates. Addition of FYM didnt increase the agronomic efficiency due to inclusion of 75 kg N contribution from 15 t ha-1 of FYM.SAARC J. Agri., 14(1): 103-110 (2016)
Conservation agriculture practice and its impact on farmers livelihood status in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin MT , Dhar AR
Published: September 2016

The study was conducted to assess the impact of conservation agriculture practice on livelihood status of farmers in Bangladesh. A total of 300 farmers (50 focal, 100 proximal and 150 control) from five districts (Mymensingh, Bogra, Tangail, Sherpur and Jamalpur) were selected. Focal farmers were selected purposively; and proximal and control farmers were selected randomly. Descriptive statistics like sum, averages, percentages and ratios were calculated to evaluate the socioeconomic data as well as to identify the nature and extent of conservation agriculture practiced. Expenditure elasticity measured the responsiveness of change in expenditure of the farmers with change in income. Difference-in-difference (DID) analysis and Ravallion test were done to evaluate the impact of conservation agriculture practice on farmers income and expenditure. Multidimensional poverty index (MPI) was used to document the intensity of poverty. About 26.0, 25.0 and 18.6 percent focal, proximal and control farmers, respectively had basic knowledge about conservation agriculture practice; and 28.0, 19.0 and 15.3 percent, respectively received training on such practice. The adoption of different principles of conservation agriculture practice by focal farmers was satisfactory. The BCRs (Benefit cost ratio) for practicing conservation agriculture of focal, proximal and control farmers was 2.15, 2.07 and 1.92, respectively. The results of DID analysis and Ravallion test indicated that the impact of conservation agriculture practice on average annual income and expenditure of the farmers was statistically significant. The expenditure elasticity of focal, proximal and control farmers was 0.31, 0.44 and 0.58 percent, respectively. A remarkable improvement in farmers livelihood status was found after adopting conservation agriculture practice. Input support, motivation, training programmes and extension services by different government and non-government organizations should be properly implemented to raise the awareness and enrich the knowledge of the farmers on conservation agriculture practice.SAARC J. Agri., 14(1): 119-140 (2016)
Uptake and distribution of Na+ in rice genotypes under salinity condition
Authors: Sultana MA , Hossain MA , Tareq MZ , Sarker MDH , Mojakkir AM , Fakir MSA
Published: September 2016

Abstract not availableSAARC J. Agri., 14(1): 141-144 (2016)
Consumer knowledge and market of lettuce in Dhaka city
Authors: Afroj Mahfuza , Rahman Md Mahfuzar
Published: September 2016

Abstract not availableSAARC J. Agri., 14(1): 145-150 (2016)
Protandim Protects Oligodendrocytes against an Oxidative Insult
Authors: Lim Jamie , Van der Pol Susanne , Baron Wia , McCord Joe , De Vries Helga , Van Horssen Jack
Published: September 2016

Oligodendrocyte damage and loss are key features of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. Oligodendrocytes appear to be particularly vulnerable to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), which induce cell death and prevent the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Here, we investigated the efficacy of sulforaphane (SFN), monomethyl fumarate (MMF) and Protandim to induce Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzyme expression, and protect oligodendrocytes against ROS-induced cell death and ROS-and TNF-mediated inhibition of OPC differentiation. OLN-93 cells and primary rat oligodendrocytes were treated with SFN, MMF or Protandim resulting in significant induction of Nrf2-driven (antioxidant) proteins heme oygenase-1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH): quinone oxidoreductase-1 and p62/SQSTM1, as analysed by Western blotting. After incubation with the compounds, oligodendrocytes were exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Protandim most potently promoted oligodendrocyte cell survival as measured by live/death viability assay. Moreover, OPCs were treated with Protandim or vehicle control prior to exposing them to TNF or hydrogen peroxide for five days, which inhibited OPC differentiation. Protandim significantly promoted OPC differentiation under influence of ROS, but not TNF. Protandim, a combination of five herbal ingredients, potently induces antioxidants in oligodendrocytes and is able to protect oligodendrocytes against oxidative stress by preventing ROS-induced cell death and promoting OPC differentiation.
Mimicking Dolphins to Produce Ring Bubbles in Water
Authors: Lesage Philippe , Kemiha Mohammed , Poncin Souhila , Midoux Noël , Li Huai
Published: September 2016

Several studies report that dolphins, either captive or wild, can expel air from their blowhole to form ring bubbles. By means of an experimental setup consisting of an orifice coupled to a computer-controlled solenoid valve to simulate the dolphin’s blowhole and a vessel as the lungs, we examined the formation mechanism of a ring bubble under varying experimental conditions. With a better record than the most talented dolphin, we show that two aspects were demonstrated as essential to the successful generation of a ring bubble in water: the valve’s opening duration, and the pressure inside the vessel. The present findings suggest that during ring bubble production, dolphins are likely to anticipate their action by both adjusting a suitable air pressure inside their lungs and controlling their muscular flap for an adequate opening timing of their blowhole. This could provide some evidence in favour of suggested cetaceans’ self-control capacities.
Investigation into Deep Brain Stimulation Lead Designs: A Patient-Specific Simulation Study
Authors: Alonso Fabiola , Latorre Malcolm , Göransson Nathanael , Zsigmond Peter , Wårdell Karin
Published: September 2016

New deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode designs offer operation in voltage and current mode and capability to steer the electric field (EF). The aim of the study was to compare the EF distributions of four DBS leads at equivalent amplitudes (3 V and 3.4 mA). Finite element method (FEM) simulations (n = 38) around cylindrical contacts (leads 3389, 6148) or equivalent contact configurations (leads 6180, SureStim1) were performed using homogeneous and patient-specific (heterogeneous) brain tissue models. Steering effects of 6180 and SureStim1 were compared with symmetric stimulation fields. To make relative comparisons between simulations, an EF isolevel of 0.2 V/mm was chosen based on neuron model simulations (n = 832) applied before EF visualization and comparisons. The simulations show that the EF distribution is largely influenced by the heterogeneity of the tissue, and the operating mode. Equivalent contact configurations result in similar EF distributions. In steering configurations, larger EF volumes were achieved in current mode using equivalent amplitudes. The methodology was demonstrated in a patient-specific simulation around the zona incerta and a “virtual” ventral intermediate nucleus target. In conclusion, lead design differences are enhanced when using patient-specific tissue models and current stimulation mode.
A Fairer Face, a Fairer Tomorrow? A Review of Skin Lighteners
Authors: Naidoo Levashni , Khoza Nokubonga , Dlova Ncoza
Published: September 2016

From light-skinned deities depicted in ancient religious tableaux, pearl-swallowing practices in China, turmeric ceremonies in India to clay application in Africa, history has been coloured by our questionable aversion to the darker shades. Complexion has assumed psychological, economic and political currency with continued growth in the desire for skin lighteners sweeping the boundaries of country, race, cultural and socioeconomic status. This review explores our early associations with the symbolism of colour through religion, the ideals of complexion across cultures and time, the motivations behind the use of skin lightening practices, and the use of colour within political and economic agendas. Skin-lightening agents with regard to content, adverse effect profile and regulation are discussed and safe skin care practices in assisting with an individual’s adoption of a more tolerable spectrum of shades are alluded to.
Quantum Hysteresis in Coupled Light–Matter Systems
Authors: Gómez-Ruiz Fernando , Acevedo Oscar , Quiroga Luis , Rodríguez Ferney , Johnson Neil
Published: September 2016

We investigate the non-equilibrium quantum dynamics of a canonical light–matter system—namely, the Dicke model—when the light–matter interaction is ramped up and down through a cycle across the quantum phase transition. Our calculations reveal a rich set of dynamical behaviors determined by the cycle times, ranging from the slow, near adiabatic regime through to the fast, sudden quench regime. As the cycle time decreases, we uncover a crossover from an oscillatory exchange of quantum information between light and matter that approaches a reversible adiabatic process, to a dispersive regime that generates large values of light–matter entanglement. The phenomena uncovered in this work have implications in quantum control, quantum interferometry, as well as in quantum information theory.
Numerical Drift-Diffusion Simulation of GaAs p-i-n and Schottky-Barrier Photodiodes for High-Speed AIIIBV On-Chip Optical Interconnections
Authors: Pisarenko Ivan , Ryndin Eugeny
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we consider the problem of the research and development of high-speed semiconductor photodetectors suitable for operation as parts of on-chip optical interconnections together with the high-speed laser modulators based on the AIIIBV nanoheterostructures. This research is aimed at the development of the models and modelling aids designed for the simulation of carrier transport and accumulation processes taking place in on-chip photosensitive devices during the detection of subpicosecond laser pulses. Another aim of the paper is to apply the aforementioned aids for the investigation of GaAs p-i-n and Schottky-barrier photodiodes. We propose the non-stationary drift-diffusion models, an original numerical simulation technique and the applied software allowing one to simulate the photosensitive devices with different electrophysical, constructive and technological parameters. We have taken into account different kinds of carrier generation and recombination processes, the effects of electron intervalley transition and carrier drift velocity saturation in order to improve the simulation results’ adequacy. We have concluded that the influence of these effects on the performance of photodetectors for on-chip optical interconnections is significant. The response time of GaAs p-i-n and Schottky-barrier photodiodes calculated taking into account the drift velocity dependence on electric field intensity is insufficient for the adequate detection of subpicosecond laser pulses. According to the simulation results, it is reasonable to develop the methods aimed at the increase in the drift velocity of charge carriers in the photodetector active region by means of built-in electric field reduction.
Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Atmospheric Environment: Regulatory Aspects and Monitoring in Japan and Korea
Authors: Tsai Wen-Tien
Published: September 2016

In the past decades, hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), so-called air toxics or toxic air pollutants, have been detected in the atmospheric air at low concentration levels, causing public concern about the adverse effect of long-term exposure to HAPs on human health. Most HAPs belong to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). More seriously, most of them are known carcinogens or probably carcinogenic to humans. The objectives of this paper were to report the regulatory aspects and environmental monitoring management of toxic VOCs designated by Japan and Korea under the Air Pollution Control Act, and the Clean Air Conservation Act, respectively. It can be found that the environmental quality standards and environmental monitoring of priority VOCs (i.e., benzene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and dichloromethane) have been set and taken by the state and local governments of Japan since the early 2000, but not completely established in Korea. On the other hand, the significant progress in reducing the emissions of some toxic VOCs, including acrylonitrile, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrachloroethylene, and trichloroethylene in Japan was also described as a case study in the brief report paper.
Early Workplace Intervention to Improve the Work Ability of Employees with Musculoskeletal Disorders in a German University Hospital—Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Schwarze Monika , Egen Christoph , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Schriek Stephanie
Published: September 2016

Health promotion is becoming increasingly important in work life. Healthcare workers seem to be at special risk, experiencing musculoskeletal disorders (MSD); their situation is strongly influenced by demographic changes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of a worksite intervention. In a one-group pretest-posttest design, 118 employees of a hospital were recruited from 2010 to 2011. The raised parameters were satisfaction with the program, work ability (Work Ability Index), and sickness absence (provided by human resource management). Patient-reported questionnaire data was raised at baseline (t1) and after three months (t2). Sickness leave was evaluated in the period six months prior to and six months after the intervention. Means, frequencies, standardized effect sizes (SES), analysis of variance, and regression analysis were carried out. Participants were found to be highly satisfied. Work ability increased with moderate effects (SES = 0.34; p < 0.001) and prognosis of gainful employment (SES = −0.19; p ≤ 0.047) with small effects. Days of MSD-related sickness absence were reduced by 38.5% after six months. The worksite intervention program is transferable to a hospital setting and integration in occupational health management is recommended. The use of a control group is necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness.
Justice and Equity Implications of Climate Change Adaptation: A Theoretical Evaluation Framework
Authors: Boeckmann Melanie , Zeeb Hajo
Published: September 2016

Climate change affects human health, and climate change adaptation aims to reduce these risks through infrastructural, behavioral, and technological measures. However, attributing direct human health effects to climate change adaptation is difficult, causing an ethical dilemma between the need for evidence of strategies and their precautionary implementation before such evidence has been generated. In the absence of conclusive evidence for individual adaptation strategies, alternative approaches to the measurement of adaptation effectiveness need to be developed. This article proposes a theoretical framework and a set of guiding questions to assess effects of adaptation strategies on seven domains of health determinants, including social, economic, infrastructure, institutional, community, environmental, and cultural determinants of health. Its focus on advancing gender equity and environmental justice concurrently with the implementation of health-related adaptation could serve as a template for policymakers and researchers.
Review of Positive Psychology Applications in Clinical Medical Populations
Authors: Macaskill Ann
Published: September 2016

This review examines the application of positive psychology concepts in physical health care contexts. Positive psychology aims to promote well-being in the general population. Studies identifying character strengths associated with well-being in healthy populations are numerous. Such strengths have been classified and Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs) have been created to further develop these strengths in individuals. Positive psychology research is increasingly being undertaken in health care contexts. The review identified that most of this research involves measuring character strengths and their association with health outcomes in patients with a range of different conditions, similar to the position in positive psychology research on non-clinical populations. More recently, PPIs are beginning to be applied to clinical populations with physical health problems and this research, although relatively scarce, is reviewed here for cancer, coronary heart disease, and diabetes. In common with PPIs being evaluated in the general population, high quality studies are scarce. Applying PPIs to patients with serious health conditions presents significant challenges to health psychologists. They must ensure that patients are dealt with appropriately and ethically, given that exaggerated claims for PPIs are made on the internet quite frequently. This is discussed along with the need for more high quality research.
Moving Past Anti-VEGF: Novel Therapies for Treating Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Bolinger Mark , Antonetti David
Published: September 2016

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working age adults, and is projected to be a significant future health concern due to the rising incidence of diabetes. The recent advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies has revolutionized the treatment of diabetic retinopathy but a significant subset of patients fail to respond to treatment. Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory cytokines and chemokines other than VEGF may contribute to the disease process. The current review examines the presence of non-VEGF cytokines in the eyes of patients with diabetic retinopathy and highlights mechanistic pathways in relevant animal models. Finally, novel drug targets including components of the kinin–kallikrein system and emerging treatments such as anti-HPTP (human protein tyrosine phosphatase) β antibodies are discussed. Recognition of non-VEGF contributions to disease pathogenesis may lead to novel therapeutics to enhance existing treatments for patients who do not respond to anti-VEGF therapies.
Atmospheric Bulk Deposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Finland
Authors: Korhonen Markku , Verta Matti , Salo Simo , Vuorenmaa Jussi , Kiviranta Hannu , Ruokojärvi Päivi
Published: September 2016

The deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was studied during the period 2006–2008 in northern Finland (Pallas), 1998–2008 in southern Finland (Evo) and 2002–2004 in the Gulf of Finland archipelago (Utö). Retrospective snow samples were taken from the whole snowbank in Evo in 2003 and 2004, and recently fallen snow was collected in Evo in 2006–2008. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in the depositions were usually small. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was often reached in Pallas and Utö. The analysis results of PCDD/F and PCB congeners from Evo were used to predict numerical results with linear regression for those congeners with results below LOQ. The deposition of PCDD/Fs in Pallas was mostly less than 0.4 pg·m−2·day−1 WHO-TEQ and less than 1.0 pg·m−2·day−1 WHO-TEQ and 0.5 pg·m−2·day−1 WHO-TEQ in Evo and Utö, respectively. The deposition of co-planar PCBs (cPCBs) was between 0.01 and 0.1 pg·m−2·day−1 WHO-TEQ. Annual PCDD/F deposition, calculated from the amount of collected rain and chemical analysis results, varied in Pallas between 0.04 and 0.15 ng·m−2·year−1 WHO-TEQ, in Evo between 0.11 and 0.22 ng·m−2·year−1 WHO-TEQ and in Utö between 50 and 145 pg·m−2·year−1 WHO-TEQ. For cPCBs the annual deposition in Pallas was 2–11 pg·m−2·year−1 WHO-TEQ, in Evo 6–17 pg·m−2·year−1 WHO-TEQ and in Utö 4–8 pg·m−2·year−1 WHO-TEQ. Wind directions are considered to be the main reason for the variation between seasons. Congener 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD dominated in Pallas, Evo, and Utö, being 35%, 48%, and 47% of the overall WHO-TEQ, followed by 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF (about 10%). The calculated pg/L concentrations of 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD were about the same level as 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, but the TEF correlations being twice as big ensured that all WHO-TEQ contributions were bigger. PCB126 accounted for 30% of WHO-TEQ in Pallas, whereas in Evo and Utö the proportion was less than 5%. Of PCDD/F homology groups, the highest concentration was found in Pallas as OCDDs (55%), followed by Evo and Utö, at 42% and 38%, respectively. Decreasing temporal PCDD/F deposition trends were observed for highly chlorinated octa-, hepta-, and hexacongeners. The findings indicate that, regardless of the major importance of Kymijoki to the dioxins in the Gulf of Finland, deposition sources may contribute more to the PCDD/Fs’ intake of fish in the studied sea area.
The Effect of Creep Aging on the Fatigue Fracture Behavior of 2524 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Li Wenke , Zhan Lihua , Liu Lingfeng , Xu Yongqian
Published: September 2016

Normal temperature tensile and fatigue tests were adopted to test the mechanical performance and fatigue life of 2524 aluminum alloy under the three states of T3, artificial aging, and creep aging, and scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope were also used to observe the fatigue fracture morphology and aging precipitation features of the alloy under the above three states. Results showed that the alloy treated by creep aging can obtain higher fatigue life, but that treated by artificial aging is lower than T3; T3 alloy is mainly dominated by GPB region. Meanwhile, the crystal boundary displays continuously distributed fine precipitated phases; after artificial aging and creep aging treatment, a large amount of needle-shaped S′ phases precipitate inside the alloy, while there are wide precipitated phases at the crystal boundary. Wide precipitation free zones appear at the crystal boundary of artificial-aging samples, but precipitation free zones at the alloy crystal boundary of creep aging become narrower and even disappear. It can be seen that creep aging can change the precipitation features of the alloy and improve its fatigue life.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 1-[(2-Substituted phenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl Carbamates
Authors: Gonec Tomas , Pospisilova Sarka , Holanova Lucie , Stranik Josef , Cernikova Aneta , Pudelkova Valeria , Kos Jiri , Oravec Michal , Kollar Peter , Cizek Alois , Jampilek Josef
Published: September 2016

Series of thirteen 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl carbamates and thirteen 1-[(2-nitrophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl carbamates with alkyl/cycloalkyl/arylalkyl chains were prepared and characterized. Primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was performed against Staphylococcus aureus, two methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, Mycobacterium marinum, and M. kansasii. 1-[(2-Chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl ethylcarbamate and 1-[(2-nitrophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl ethylcarbamate showed antistaphylococcal (MICs = 42 µM against MRSA) and antimycobacterial (MICs = 21 µM) activity against the tested strains comparable with or higher than that of the standards ampicillin and isoniazid. In the case of bulkier carbamate tails (R > propyl/isopropyl), the activity was similar (MICs ca. 70 µM). Screening of the cytotoxicity of both of the most effective compounds was performed using THP-1 cells, and no significant lethal effect was observed (LD50 >30 µM). The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
Plus ça Change……
Authors: Singleton Alan
Published: September 2016

It’s almost a commonplace remark to say that we are experiencing an unprecedented period of change in the world of scholarly communication in general, and publishing in particular.[...]
Technology for Production Scheduling of Jobs for Open Innovation and Sustainability with Fixed Processing Property on Parallel Machines
Authors: Shim Sang-Oh , Park KyungBae
Published: September 2016

In this paper, a technology for production scheduling is addressed for the sustainability and open innovation in a manufacturing business. Methodologies for scheduling jobs on parallel machines with the fixed processing property are devised. The fixed processing property, in which a group of specific jobs can be processed on the predetermined machine, can be found in most manufacturing systems due to the quality issues. Usually, even though parallel machines can process various types of jobs, the fixed processing is preferred as to not deteriorate products’ quality in real manufacturing systems. To minimize makespan of jobs, which is defined as the final completion time of all jobs, technology for production scheduling is developed. Several heuristic algorithms are devised for solving the problem and to evaluate performance of the suggested algorithms, a series of computational experiments is performed. Results show that better solutions are obtained by the suggested algorithms in a reasonable amount of computation time. That is, if the proposed technology is applied to the production scheduling system of a real manufacturing business, it can be expected that quantity and quality of the product will be enhanced since they are influenced by the production scheduling.
The self-similarity theory of high pressure torsion
Authors: Beygelzimer Yan , Kulagin Roman , Toth Laszlo S , Ivanisenko Yulia
Published: September 2016

By analyzing the problem of high pressure torsion (HPT) in the rigid plastic formulation, we show that the power hardening law of plastically deformed materials leads to self-similarity of HPT, admitting a simple mathematical description of the process. The analysis shows that the main parameters of HPT are proportional to βq, with β being the angle of the anvil rotation. The meaning of the parameterqis:q= 0 for velocity and strain rate,q= 1 for shear strain and von Mises strain,q=nfor stress, pressure and torque (nis the exponent of a power hardening law). We conclude that if the hardening law is a power law in a rotation interval β, self-similar regimes can emerge in HPT if the friction with the lateral wall of the die is not too high. In these intervals a simple mathematical description can be applied based on self-similarity. Outside these ranges, the plasticity problem still has to be solved for each value of β. The results obtained have important practical implications for the proper design and analysis of HPT experiments.
MAGNETO-FRICTIONAL MODELING OF CORONAL NONLINEAR FORCE-FREE FIELDS. I. TESTING WITH ANALYTIC SOLUTIONS
Authors: Guo Y. , Xia C. , Keppens R. , Valori G.
Published: September 2016

We report our implementation of the magneto-frictional method in the Message Passing Interface Adaptive Mesh Refinement Versatile Advection Code (MPI-AMRVAC). The method aims at applications where local adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is essential to make follow-up dynamical modeling affordable. We quantify its performance in both domain-decomposed uniform grids and block-adaptive AMR computations, using all frequently employed force-free, divergence-free, and other vector comparison metrics. As test cases, we revisit the semi-analytic solution of Low and Lou in both Cartesian and spherical geometries, along with the topologically challenging Titov–Démoulin model. We compare different combinations of spatial and temporal discretizations, and find that the fourth-order central difference with a local Lax–Friedrichs dissipation term in a single-step marching scheme is an optimal combination. The initial condition is provided by the potential field, which is the potential field source surface model in spherical geometry. Various boundary conditions are adopted, ranging from fully prescribed cases where all boundaries are assigned with the semi-analytic models, to solar-like cases where only the magnetic field at the bottom is known. Our results demonstrate that all the metrics compare favorably to previous works in both Cartesian and spherical coordinates. Cases with several AMR levels perform in accordance with their effective resolutions. The magneto-frictional method in MPI-AMRVAC allows us to model a region of interest with high spatial resolution and large field of view simultaneously, as required by observation-constrained extrapolations using vector data provided with modern instruments. The applications of the magneto-frictional method to observations are shown in an accompanying paper.
POLARIZED LINE FORMATION WITH LOWER-LEVEL POLARIZATION AND PARTIAL FREQUENCY REDISTRIBUTION
Authors: Supriya H. D. , Sampoorna M. , Nagendra K. N. , Stenflo J. O. , Ravindra B.
Published: September 2016

In the well-established theories of polarized line formation with partial frequency redistribution (PRD) for a two-level and two-term atom, it is generally assumed that the lower level of the scattering transition is unpolarized. However, the existence of unexplained spectral features in some lines of the Second Solar Spectrum points toward a need to relax this assumption. There exists a density matrix theory that accounts for the polarization of all the atomic levels, but it is based on the flat-spectrum approximation (corresponding to complete frequency redistribution). In the present paper we propose a numerical algorithm to solve the problem of polarized line formation in magnetized media, which includes both the effects of PRD and the lower level polarization (LLP) for a two-level atom. First we derive a collisionless redistribution matrix that includes the combined effects of the PRD and the LLP. We then solve the relevant transfer equation using a two-stage approach. For illustration purposes, we consider two case studies in the non-magnetic regime, namely, the J

a
= 1, J

b
= 0 and J

a
= J

b
= 1, where J

a
and J

b
represent the total angular momentum quantum numbers of the lower and upper states, respectively. Our studies show that the effects of LLP are significant only in the line core. This leads us to propose a simplified numerical approach to solve the concerned radiative transfer problem.
A GLOBAL VIEW OF VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS IN THE CORONA BELOW 1.3 R⊙ WITH CoMP
Authors: Morton R. J. , Tomczyk S. , Pinto R. F.
Published: September 2016

The Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter (CoMP) has previously demonstrated the presence of Doppler velocity fluctuations in the solar corona. The observed fluctuations are thought to be transverse waves, i.e., highly incompressible motions whose restoring force is dominated by the magnetic tension, some of which demonstrate clear periodicity. We aim to exploit CoMP’s ability to provide high cadence observations of the off-limb corona to investigate the properties of velocity fluctuations in a range of coronal features, providing insight into how (whether) the properties of the waves are influenced by the varying magnetic topology in active regions, quiet Sun and open field regions. An analysis of Doppler velocity time-series of the solar corona from the 10747 Å Iron xiii line is performed, determining the velocity power spectrum and using it as a tool to probe wave behavior. Further, the average phase speed and density for each region are estimated and used to compute the spectra for energy density and energy flux. In addition, we assess the noise levels associated with the CoMP data, deriving analytic formulae for the uncertainty on Doppler velocity measurements and providing a comparison by estimating the noise from the data. It is found that the entire corona is replete with transverse wave behavior. The corresponding power spectra indicate that the observed velocity fluctuations are predominately generated by stochastic processes, with the spectral slope of the power varying between the different magnetic regions. Most strikingly, all power spectra reveal the presence of enhanced power occurring at ∼3 mHz, potentially implying that the excitation of coronal transverse waves by p-modes is a global phenomenon.
HELIUM REIONIZATION SIMULATIONS. I. MODELING QUASARS AS RADIATION SOURCES
Authors: La Plante Paul , Trac Hy
Published: September 2016

We introduce a new project to understand helium reionization using fully coupled N-body, hydrodynamics, and radiative transfer simulations. This project aims to capture correctly the thermal history of the intergalactic medium as a result of reionization and make predictions about the Lyα forest and baryon temperature–density relation. The dominant sources of radiation for this transition are quasars, so modeling the source population accurately is very important for making reliable predictions. In this first paper, we present a new method for populating dark matter halos with quasars. Our set of quasar models includes two different light curves, a lightbulb (simple on/off) and symmetric exponential model, and luminosity-dependent quasar lifetimes. Our method self-consistently reproduces an input quasar luminosity function given a halo catalog from an N-body simulation, and propagates quasars through the merger history of halo hosts. After calibrating quasar clustering using measurements from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, we find that the characteristic mass of quasar hosts is

for the lightbulb model, and

for the exponential model. In the latter model, the peak quasar luminosity for a given halo mass is larger than that in the former, typically by a factor of 1.5–2. The effective lifetime for quasars in the lightbulb model is 59 Myr, and in the exponential case, the effective time constant is about 15 Myr. We include semi-analytic calculations of helium reionization, and discuss how to include these quasars as sources of ionizing radiation for full hydrodynamics with radiative transfer simulations in order to study helium reionization.
KINETIC STUDY OF RADIATION-REACTION-LIMITED PARTICLE ACCELERATION DURING THE RELAXATION OF UNSTABLE FORCE-FREE EQUILIBRIA
Authors: Yuan Yajie , Nalewajko Krzysztof , Zrake Jonathan , East William E. , Blandford Roger D.
Published: September 2016

Many powerful and variable gamma-ray sources, including pulsar wind nebulae, active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts, seem capable of accelerating particles to gamma-ray emitting energies efficiently over very short timescales. These are likely due to the rapid dissipation of electromagnetic energy in a highly magnetized, relativistic plasma. In order to understand the generic features of such processes, we have investigated simple models based on the relaxation of unstable force-free magnetostatic equilibria. In this work, we make the connection between the corresponding plasma dynamics and the expected radiation signal, using 2D particle-in-cell simulations that self-consistently include synchrotron radiation reactions. We focus on the lowest order unstable force-free equilibrium in a 2D periodic box. We find that rapid variability, with modest apparent radiation efficiency as perceived by a fixed observer, can be produced during the evolution of the instability. The “flares” are accompanied by an increased polarization degree in the high energy band, with rapid variation in the polarization angle. Furthermore, the separation between the acceleration sites and the synchrotron radiation sites for the highest energy particles facilitates acceleration beyond the synchrotron radiation reaction limit. We also discuss the dynamical consequences of the radiation reaction, and some astrophysical applications of this model. Our current simulations with numerically tractable parameters are not yet able to reproduce the most dramatic gamma-ray flares, e.g., from the Crab Nebula. Higher magnetization studies are promising and will be carried out in the future.
Edificio de apartamentos. Rúa da Liberdade Sao Paulo
Authors: Levi Rino , Cerqueira Roberto
Published: September 2016

Cúbico, limpio y armonioso, se eleva el edificio propiedad de la Compañía "Seguradora Brasileira", destacándose, por su altura, de forma acusada sobre el perfil de la ciudad.
Puentes pretensados California
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: September 2016

En Estados Unidos, el hormigón pretensado va extendiendo poco a poco su campo de aplicación. Como ejemplo de ello, en este artículo presentamos una serie de puentes pretensados construidos por el Estado de California. Hasta la fecha se han construido ya unos 40 puentes de pequeña luz, de variable número de tramos dentro de su jurisdicción territorial, y todos de hormigón pretensado; se hallan en construcción 23, 15 en desarrollo de proyecto y unos 50 en estudio.
Guardería infantil-Lausana
Authors: Adatte Roger , Sarrasin A.
Published: September 2016

La continua evolución de la forma de vida ha forzado a las madres a confiar a brazos extraños el cuidado de sus pequeños, incluso antes de que éstos abandonen el biberón. Este ha sido el origen de las guarderías infantiles, verdaderas escuelas, en las que el niño aprende a dar sus primeros pasos, a tratar con sus compañeros y a someterse a una disciplina.
Escuela en Hamburgo
Authors: Laage Gerhart
Published: September 2016

No disponible
Escuela en Bozeman-Montana
Authors: Wilson y Berg Arquitectos
Published: September 2016

No disponible
Bruselas. Exposición Internacional. Materiales de construcción
Authors: Arredondo Francisco
Published: September 2016

Se detallan los materiales de construcción más empleados en la Exposición de Bruselas, indicando las modalidades de uso de cada uno de ellos. Al lado de los materiales tradicionales se presentan materiales modernos, o de uso reciente, marcando tendencias para la industria de la construcción.
Dique seco, en South Shields
Authors: Frank Stott Peter , Morton Ramage Lanes
Published: September 2016

La conocida empresa Brigham & Cowan Ltd, de South Shields (Inglaterra), acaba de construir un dique de carena en la desembocadura del río Tyne, destinado a la reparación de tanques y cargas de gran tonelaje y de relativamente poco calado. El vaso tiene 217 m de longitud, 29 de anchura mínima en la entrada, 6,40 de a l tura de agua sobre el umbral de entrada y una compuerta metálica rebatible hacia adelante. En este trabajo se describen las partes que mejor caracterizan esta importante obra.
Presa Kariba
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: September 2016

La Federación de los países de Rodesia y Niasa ha emprendido la construcción de la presa bóveda Kariba, que utilizará las aguas del caudaloso rio sudafricano Zambeza antes de entrar en el vecino territorio de Mozambique. La altura máxima de la presa será de 128 m, la potencia hidroeléctrica prevista es de 100.000 kw, dos centrales subterráneas y un embalse de 160.000 Hm3.
La nueva arquitectura brasileña
Authors: Sartoris Alberto
Published: September 2016

En el movimiento actual de la construcción, la contribución del Brasil moderno es tal vez la primera realización emprendida a gran escala para definir una arquitectura nacional. En un nivel extremadamente elevado, brillantes creadores de calidades insólitas, se han mostrado capaces de establecer los más diversos ejemplos de esta construcción y de hacer de sus audaces proyectos una serie de nuevos conocimientos que forman parte importante de la civilización contemporánea.
Garaje, en Frankfurt
Authors: Meid Max , Romereick Helmut , Wagner Volker
Published: September 2016

No disponible
Hogar de Ancianos
Authors: Clauss Alfred
Published: September 2016

La nota más relevante de este hogar para ancianos en Filadelfia es su agradable aspecto exterior de hotel y que, gracias al esfuerzo realizado por el arquitecto, pueden desterrarse ya las palabras asilo o guardería, en su versión arquitectónica por esta otra de hogar.
La Roca
Authors: Casinello Fernando
Published: September 2016

La arquitectura popular almeriense ha sabido respetar fielmente un arraigado espíritu romano-árabe, carácter primordial de su sobrio y hondo andalucismo. A esta sobriedad, sencillez formal y claro juego de volúmenes, responde el proyecto de esta vivienda unifamiliar, en la que se ha cuidado de resolver el programa familiar con gran claridad de distribución y composición, haciendo que su emplazamiento, vistas y clima sean los factores creadores de su arquitectura.