bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Application of Chromotropic Acid for the Determination of Some Sulphonamides in their Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Fekria M. Abou-Attia , Y.M. Issa , M.A. El Reis , F.A. Aly , M. Abd El- MoetY
Published: May 2019

The formation of the azo-dye using chromotropic acid as a coupling agent was applied to the determination of five sulphonamides. The spectrophotometric studies as well as microanalysis of the studied sulphonamides- chromotropic acid azo dyes revealed the existence of the 1:1 coupling product. The absorbance of the formed azo dye is measured at 510 nrn, and has a large molar absorptivity (ε = 2.87 - 3.29 × 104 1 mol−1cm−1). Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range 0.5-9.0 µg ml−1. The assay results of pharmaceutical formulations showed good accuracy and precision over the concentration range used. The proposed method avoids time-consumption, extraction process and temperature control.
A New Sensitive Fluorirnetric Method for the Determination of Heptaminol and Mexiletine in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Sobhy M. EI-Adl
Published: May 2019

An accurate and very sensitive spectrofluorimetric method is proposed for the estimation of heptaminol (HP) and mexiletine (MX) in their pure forms and in pharlnaceutical formulations. The method is based on the reaction of these drugs with the strong fluorigenic reagent [9,1O-Dimethoxy-2-anthracenesulfonic acid sodium salt (DAS)] at pH (2.5). The formed complexes are extracted into chloroform and measured spectrofluori~netrically. The maximum wavelengths of excitation and emission spectra of heptaminol complex are 381 and 441 m, respectively. While those of mexiletine complex are 385 and 450 nrn, respectively. Heptaminol can be determined in the concentration range of 0.016-0.144 µg ml−1 and that of mexiletine in the range of 0.024-0.176 µg ml−1, when extracted from the solutions into chloroform. Different parameters affecting the reaction conditions were thoroughly studied. No interference was observed in the presence of common pharmaceutical excipients. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of commercial pharmaceutical fonnulations and the results have been statistically compared with those obtained by the reference methods.
SPECTROMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF CEFPROZIL IN BULK POWDER AND IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: Sobhy M. EI-Adl , Hanaa M. Saleh
Published: May 2019

Three accurate methods were developed for the quantitative determination of cefprozil in pure form and in its dosage forms. The first method was based upon the interaction of the drug with 3-methyl-benzothiazolinone-2-hydrazone (MBTH) in the presence of ceric ammonium sulfate or ferric chloride as an oxidizing agent, where the formed color was measured at λ 521 nm or 624 nm, respectively. The second inethod was based on the chelate formation with palladium (II) chloride (PdCl2) in the presence of buffered medium, where the formed complex was determined at λ 345 nm. The third method was based upon the reaction of the neutral solution of the hydrolysis product of drug with each of silver nitrate & lead acetate standard solutions, forming drug-metal complex and the metal ion contents were determined directly or indirectly by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The reaction conditions of the proposed methods were studied and optimized. The precision of the proposed methods was achieved by determining different samples of bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The validity of the methods was assessed by applying the standard addition technique and the results were compared with those obtained by the reference method showing a great agreement
The influence of the isolation method on the composition of the essential oil of leaves and twigs of Juniperus communis L. var. saxatilis Pall. growing in Norway
Authors: Jan Karlsen , A. Baerheim Svendsen
Published: May 2019

Studies on the essential oil of leaves and terminal twigs of Juniperus communis L. var. saxatilis Pall., isolated by steam and hydro distillation using Clevenger type apparatuses showed marked differences in the composition depending on whether the plant material was either comminuted or not prior to the distillation, as well as depending upon the duration of the distillation connected herewith.
SYNTHESIS OF SOME NEW PRODRUGS OF SULPHONAMIDES AND STUDIES ON THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION
Authors: M.S.Y. Khan , A. Husain , S.M. Hasan , M. Akhter
Published: May 2019

Various amide-based prodrugs of sulphonamides have been synthesised by condensing appropriate sulphonamide moiety with different β-aroyl propionic acids. All the compounds have been evaluated for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Their structures were established on the basis of elemental analysis, 1H NMR and Mass spectral data. Some of these compounds were found to have significant activity
An in vitro Model for Blood Brain Barrier Permeation
Authors: R. Bauer , R. Lauer , B. Linz , F. Pittner , G.A. Peschek , G.F. Ecker , P. Friedl , C.R. Noe
Published: May 2019

The ability to permeate accross the blood brain barrier (BBB) is essential for drugs acting on the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, systems that allow rapid and inexpensive screening of the BBB-permeability properties of novel lead compounds are of great importance for speeding up the drug discovery process in the CNS-area. We used immortalized porcine brain microvessel endothelial cells (PBMECICl-2) to develop a model for measurement of blood-brain barrier permeation of CNS active drugs. Investigation of different cell culture conditions showed, that a system using C6 astrocyte glioma conditioned medium and addition of a cyclic AMP analog in combination with a type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor (R020-1724) leads to cell layers with transendothelial electrical resistance values up to 300 Ω.cm2. Permeability studies with U-[14C]sucroseg ave a permeability coefficient Pe of 3.24 + 0.14 × 10−4 cm/min, which is in good agreement to published values and thus indicates the formation of tight junctions in vitro.
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloide in Petasites fragrans
Authors: H. Wiedenfeld , Th. Bourauel , Erhard Roeder
Published: May 2019

Petasites jragrans (Vill.) C. Presl., auch Vanille-Pestwurz genannt, ist heimisch in Tripolitanien [...]
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of Novel 2- and 3-14-(Trisubstituted Pyridy1)-phenylaminol- and 2-[3- and 4-(Trisubstituted Pyridy1)-phenoxylquinoxaline Derivatives
Authors: Nasr Magda , Gineinaha Magdy , Maarouf Azza
Published: May 2019

A series of novel quinoxaline derivatives linked to a pyridine moiety through phenylamino or phenoxy residue was synthesized and evaluated as candidate anticonvulsants. The synthesis was achieved through reaction of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (1) with an equimolar amount of 4-aminoacetophenone to give compound 2 which is considered as an important synthon for the construction of a pyridine ring via several synthetic routs. Some compounds were synthesized through formation of the intermediate α,β-unsaturated compounds which, in turn, were allowed to react with malononitrile to give the corresponding alkoxypyridines (8-17). Compounds 18-21 were synthesized by a one-pot simple reaction between 2, the appropriate aldehyde, and malononitrile in sodium alkoxide solution. Moreover, they can be synthesized through reaction of compound 2 and arylidenemalononitrile in sodium alkoxide. The phenoxy analogues were prepared by reaction of 1 with 4-hydroxyacetophenone or 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde to give 22 and 27, respectively. These compounds, in turn, were allowed to react with malononitrile and the proper carbonyl compound in presence of sodium alkoxide in a one-pot reaction technique to give the target compounds. Biological evaluation of the prepared compounds showed that some of them are potent anticonvulsant agents. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic and biological data are reported.
Formulation and Evaluation of Parenteral Sustained Release Microspheres of Diclofenac Sodium
Authors: Sajeev C. , Archna R. , Gupta V. , Sobti A. , Saha R.
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate microsphere based depot type parenteral sustained release formulation of diclofenac sodium (DFS). Drug was formulated in the form of microspheres, using varying proportion of ethylcellulose (EC) as the retardant material to extend the release, by phase separation-coacervation technique. The in vitro release pattern of the designed formulations was studied using modified Franz diffusion cell. In vivo pharmacodynamic study was carried out by determining the index of analgesia (increase in response time to thermal stress as percentage of basal response time). Tail flick method was employed to measure both the degree of analgesia and its duration of action. The prepared microspheres were white, free flowing, and spherical in shape with a mean particle size of 50 μm. In vitro release study of the micro-spheres in aqueous media was found to extend the release of DFS beyond 24 hours with DFS and EC ratio 1:3. The plot of log percentage remaining to be released vs. time gave a linear relationship indicating first-order release kinetics. The in vitro release rate constant (Kr) for different microspheres varied between 0.1448 hr-1 and 0.0256 hr-1. A good correlation was obtained between K, and proportion of EC in the microspheres. In vivo pharmacodynamic studies indicated that the duration of analgesic action is prolonged beyond 24 hrs in case of microsphere products of 1:3 ratio of DFS to EC, whereas administration of marketed parenteral preparation showed activity only up to 11hrs. Also, a good correlation was obtained between analgesic activity in vivo and cumulative percentage of drug release from the formulations.
Analysis of flavonoids in Achillea nobilis L. bv capillarv electrophoresis
Authors: Marchart Elke , Hattenberger Almut , Krenn Liselotte , Kopp Brigitte
Published: May 2019

The separation and quantification of the flavonoids occurring in Achillea nobilis L. by a CE-method is described. Using 20 mM sodium borate at pH 9.5 with 20 % of methanol as buffer, the flavonoids were sufficiently separated within 11 minutes. Kaempferol-7-O-neohesperidoside was used as internal standard for the quantification. Analysis of six different samples showed the flavon-C-glycosides isoorientin, orientin and vitexin as the characteristic main compounds. The contents of flavon-C-glycosides determined by this CE-method correlated with the results achieved by a spectrophotometric determination.
Development and In Vitro Evaluation of a Mucoadhesive Oral Deliverv System for Antisense Oliaonucleotides
Authors: Bernkop-Schnürch Andreas , Telsnig Julia , Hornof Margit
Published: May 2019

It was the aim of this study to develop an oral phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (PS-ODN) drug delivery system and to evaluate its properties in vitro. Results demonstrated that the 16-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide used was completely stable towards enzymatic degradation by secreted and membrane bound intestinal enzymes. Permeation studies with freshly excised intestinal mucosa showed a comparatively high uptake of the PS-ODN with an apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of 8.35 ± 1.24 x 10-6 cm/sec. The PS-ODN was incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid)-cysteine carrier matrix system exhibiting high cohesive and mucoadhesive properties. Release studies demonstrated that a controlled and sustained PS-ODN release out of this delivery system could be achieved. Because of these features, the dosage form developed within this study seems to represent a promising novel tool for oral PS-ODN delivery.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Cefepime Hydrochloride, Cefoperazone Sodium, Ceftazidime Pentahydrate. Cefuroxime Sodium and Etamsylate Using Ammonium Molybdate
Authors: Elazazy Marwa , Shalaby Abdalla , Elbolkiny M. , Khalil Hawa
Published: May 2019

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitative determination of five drugs of pharmaceutical interest; cefepime HCI , cefoperazone Na , ceftazidime pentahydrate , cefuroxime Na and etamsylate in pure form as well as in pharmaceuticals. The method is based on the reduction of the chromogenic agent , ammonium molybdate (Mo6+), to molybdenum blue (Mo5+) by the examined drugs in sulphuric acid medium and by aid of heating in boiling water bath. The resulting "blue coloured" product possess a characteristic λmax at 695-716 nm. Beers law is obeyed over the concentration range of 2-70 μg ml-1 with molar absorpitivities ranging from 2.704×10-3–24.14×10-3 L.mol-1.cm-1 and Sandell sensitivities ranging from 1.03x10-3–5.4x10-3 μg cm-2. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the determination of the examined drugs both in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method are comparable with those of the reported methods .
Medicinal used plants from India: analysis of the essential oils of Sphaeranthus indicus flowers, roots and stems with leaves
Authors: Jirovetz L. , Buchbauer G. , Shahabi M. , Shafi P. , Rajeeve K.
Published: May 2019

The essential oils of flowers, roots and herb (stems with leaves) of Sphaeranthus indicus Kurz. (Asteraceae) from southern India were investigated by gas chromatographic-spectroscopic (GC-FID and GC-MS) and olfactoric methods to identify those compounds responsible for the characteristic odor as well as partly for the folk medicinal use of this plant. More than 95 volatiles were found to be constituents of the three essential S. indicus oils with following composition of main components: flower oil: β-eudesmol (21.4%), 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (16.2%), β-caryophyllene (7.8%), τ-cadinol (7.2%). caryophyllene oxide (6.9%) and α-eudesmol (4.5%); root oil: 2,5-dimethoxy-pcymene (28.3%), τ-cadinol (25.3%), (2)-arteannuic alcohol (10.1 %), β-maaliene (3.9%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.1%); herb oil: 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (27.0%), τ-cadinol (12.5%), β-eudesmol (9.1 %), α-eudesmol (7.0%) and caroyphyllene oxide (4.7%). In addition, the odor impressions of the samples are described and the possible use of the essential Sphaeranthus indicus oils in medicinal, cosmetic and food flavoring discussed.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Aciclovir, Cefepirne Hydrochloride, Etamsylate and Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Usina 1,10 Phenanttrroline—Fe(lll) Reaqent
Authors: Elazazy Marwa S. , Shalaby Abdalla , Elbolkiny M. N. , Khalil Hawa M.
Published: May 2019

A simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate method for the determination of aciclovir, cefepime HCI, etamsylate and metoclopramide HCI in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations is developed.The method is based on the fomabon of tris(o-phenanthroline) iron(ll) complex (Ferroin) upon the reaction of the ated drugs wrth iron(lll )-o- phenanthroline mixture. The ferroin complex is colorimetncally measured at λmax 510 nm against a reagent blank. 0ptimization of the experimental conditions is described. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range from 0.25–30 µg ml−1 with molar absorpitivities (ε) ranging from 4.796 x 103–9.51 2 x 104 L.mol−1.cm−1 and Sandell sensitivities (S) of 2.129 x 10−3–34.5 x 10−3 µg cm−2. The developed method is applied successfully for the determination of the cited drugs in pure forms and in the corresponding pharmaceutical formulations without any interferences from common excipients.
IMPORTANCE OF THE OXIDATION REACTION OF SODIUM METAPERIODATE FOR SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY OF RESERPINE
Authors: Singh D. K. , Sahu Archana
Published: May 2019

A new simple, accurate and reasonably sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of reserpine based on the oxidation with sodium metaperiodate in the presence of acetic acid and coupling with 3-methyl-2-benzo thiazolinone hydazone hydrochloride (MBTH) to form highly blue coloured product showing maximum absorbance at 630 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0.2–1.6 µg ml−1. The relative standard deviation was found to be less than 1%. The proposed method can be applied for the estimation of reserpine in tablets with no evidence of interference from excipients.
N-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)azoles—Investigations Regarding Synthesis, NMR-Spectroscopy and Affinity Towards Sisma-1 and Sigma-2 Receptors
Authors: Holzer Wolfgang , Brandstätter Bettina , Jäger Christine , Kaun Michael , Langer Thierry , Bowen Wayne D.
Published: May 2019

A series of azoles and aminoazoles with a 3,4-dichlorobenzyl moiety attached to a ring nitrogen atom was synthesized via reaction of the parent systems with 3,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride. Regioisomeric products were discriminated on the basis of 13C-NMR data or by NOE-difference spectroscopy. The affinities of some representatives towards sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors were determined by receptor binding assays.
A COMPARlTlVE STUDY ON THE IN VlTRO HEPATIC METABOLISM OF RETlNOlC ACID USING DIFFERENT SPECIES
Authors: AHMAD MOBASHER , AL-SHABANAH O.A.
Published: May 2019

All trans retinoic acid (RA), derived from the oxidative metabolism of dietary retinol (vitamin A) and β carotene, contributes to the growth and differentiation of mammalian epithelial tissues. RA is rapidly cleared from the plasma and sudenly metabolized in tissues. The increase of its biological potency through inhibition of its oxidative metabolism is consistent with this.This research is part of a study to develop novel compounds as inhibitors of retinoic acid metabolism that could have potential value as anticancer agent. The investigation was done to compare the in vitro metabolism of [3H]RA by hepatic m icrosomes from several common laboratory animal species. Also, the ability of ketaconazole to inhibit RA metabolism was examined. The species studied were male rat, male New Zealand white rabbit, male albino mouse, male Syrian hamster, male Dunkin hartley guinea pig and male nude mouse. The results revealed that km and Vmax were species dependent. Among the animals, rat liver appeared to be the most active in metabolizing RA. Inhibition of RA metbolism by ketoconazole (100 µM) was very similar in the hepatic microsomes of all the species examine. Overall the results indicate that male rat hepatic microsomes represent a useful enzyme source for screening novel compounds as inhibitors of RA metabolism.
DET MORPH- a new method for an accurate acquisition of fine-morpholoqical data - Exemplified on the Achillea millefolium group (Asteraceae)
Authors: Saukel Johannes , Wlach Wolfgang
Published: May 2019

Det-Morph is a new approach for a detailed morphological analysis of primary segments of leafs and ray florets from some species of the Achillea millefolium group (Asteraceae). 56 features of primary segments and 21 features of ray florets both in two different transformation types are yielded by the new software. The usefulness of these features is shown on data of 616 specimens of Achillea setacea, A. collina, A.ceretanica, Adistans s.l., A. millefolium s.l. and A.pannonica.
Polymeric Proanthocyanidins from Psidium guajava
Authors: Qa'dan Fadi , Petereit Frank , Nahrstedt Adolf
Published: May 2019

From the aqueous acetone extract of the leaves of Psidium guajava L. the flavanols catechin and gallocatechin, the procyanidins B1, B2, B3 and two prodelphinidins (gallocatechin - (4α→8) - catechin; gallocatechin - (4α→8) - gallo-catechin) were isolated. A more abundant proanthocyanidin polymer was also isolated, purified and its chemical constitution studied by 13C-NMR and phloroglucinol degradation. The mean molecular weight of the polymer was estimated to be about 9 to 10 flavan-3-ol-units with a ratio of procyanidin: prodelphinidin units at 2 : 1 some of which are derivatized by gallic acid.
The High-resolution Transmission Spectrum of HD 189733b Interpreted with Atmospheric Doppler Shifts from Three-dimensional General Circulation Models
Authors: Flowers Erin , Brogi Matteo , Rauscher Emily , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Chiavassa Andrea
Published: May 2019

The signature of wind patterns caused by the interplay of rotation and energy redistribution in hot Jupiters is detectable at high spectral resolution, yet no direct comparison has been attempted between predictions from general circulation models (GCMs) and observed high-resolution spectra. We present the first such comparison on near-infrared transmission spectra of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b. Exploring 12 rotation rates and two chemical regimes, we have created model spectra from 3D GCMs and cross-correlated them with the observed spectra. Comparing our models against those of HD 189733b, we obtain three key results: (1) we confirm CO and H2O in the planet’s atmosphere at a detection significance of 8.2σ; (2) we recover the signature of day-to-night winds with speeds of several km s−1 at pressures of several millibars; and (3) we constrain the rotation period of the planet to between 1.2 and 4.69 days (synchronous rotation (2.2 days) remains consistent with existing observations). Our results do not suffer from the shortcomings of 1D models as cross-correlation templates—these models mainly tend to overconstrain the slower rotation rates and show evidence for anomalous blueshifts. Our 3D models instead match the observed line-of-sight velocity of this planet by self-consistently including the effects of high-altitude day-to-night winds. Overall, we find a high degree of consistency between observations of HD 189733b and our GCM-based spectra, implying that the physics and chemistry are adequately described in current 3D forward models for the purpose of interpreting observations at high spectral resolution.
Physical Properties of the Close-in Tertiary in the Southern Triple-lined System VZ Lib
Authors: Liao W.-P. , Qian S.-B. , Sarotsakulchai T.
Published: May 2019

VZ Lib is a southern triple-lined system. By analyzing all available times of light minima, orbital period changes are revisited in detail. We discovered that the observed–calculated (O − C) curve shows a long-term period decrease at a rate of

, revealing a mass transfer from the more massive component to the less massive one. A cyclic variation covering more than three cycles was discovered, which was analyzed for the light-travel-time effect via the presence of the tertiary companion. The cyclic variation has a short period of 2.96 (±0.04) yr and a small semiamplitude of 0.0039 (±0.0004) days. The mass of the third body was determined to be

M
⊙ and an orbital semimajor axis shorter than

au was obtained. Orbital properties of this close-in companion should provide valuable information on the formation of close binaries and stellar dynamical interaction. New complete

light curves of VZ Lib were obtained and modeled with the Wilson–Devinney code. The light curves show a small but significant O’Connell effect that was not detectable in 1981 and 2007 but in 2004, so we derived a new photometric solution with assuming spot and a third light in the system. It is found that the light-curve subtype changed from A-type to W-type, which was possibly caused by a dark spot on the massive component. Our photometric solutions are in agreement with the spectroscopic results given by previous authors.
Intensity-coupled Polarization in Instruments with a Continuously Rotating Half-wave Plate
Authors: Didier Joy , Miller Amber D. , Araujo Derek , Aubin François , Geach Christopher , Johnson Bradley , Korotkov Andrei , Raach Kate , Westbrook Benjamin , Young Karl , Aboobaker Asad M. , Ade Peter , Baccigalupi Carlo , Bao Chaoyun , Chapman Daniel , Dobbs Matt , Grainger Will , Hanany Shaul , Helson Kyle , Hillbrand Seth , Hubmayr Johannes , Jaffe Andrew , Jones Terry J. , Klein Jeff , Lee Adrian , Limon Michele , MacDermid Kevin , Milligan Michael , Pascale Enzo , Reichborn-Kjennerud Britt , Sagiv Ilan , Tucker Carole , Tucker Gregory S. , Zilic Kyle
Published: May 2019

We discuss a systematic effect associated with measuring polarization with a continuously rotating half-wave plate (HWP). The effect was identified with the data from the E and B Experiment, which was a balloon-borne instrument designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) as well as that from Galactic dust. The data show polarization fractions larger than 10%, while less than 3% were expected from instrumental polarization. We give evidence that the excess polarization is due to detector nonlinearity in the presence of a continuously rotating HWP. The nonlinearity couples intensity signals to polarization. We develop a map-based method to remove the excess polarization. Applying this method to the 150 (250) GHz band data, we find that 81% (92%) of the excess polarization was removed. Characterization and mitigation of this effect are important for future experiments aiming to measure the CMB B-modes with a continuously rotating HWP.
Do Kepler Superflare Stars Really Include Slowly Rotating Sun-like Stars?—Results Using APO 3.5 m Telescope Spectroscopic Observations and Gaia-DR2 Data
Authors: Notsu Yuta , Maehara Hiroyuki , Honda Satoshi , Hawley Suzanne L. , Davenport James R. A. , Namekata Kosuke , Notsu Shota , Ikuta Kai , Nogami Daisaku , Shibata Kazunari
Published: May 2019

We report the latest view of Kepler solar-type (G-type main-sequence) superflare stars, including recent updates with Apache Point Observatory (APO) 3.5 m telescope spectroscopic observations and Gaia-DR2 data. First, we newly conducted APO 3.5 m spectroscopic observations of 18 superflare stars found from Kepler 1-minute time-cadence data. More than half (43 stars) are confirmed to be “single” stars, among 64 superflare stars in total that have been spectroscopically investigated so far in this APO 3.5 m and our previous Subaru/HDS observations. The measurements of v sin i (projected rotational velocity) and chromospheric lines (Ca ii H and K and Ca ii
λ8542) support that the brightness variation of superflare stars is caused by the rotation of a star with large starspots. We then investigated the statistical properties of Kepler solar-type superflare stars by incorporating Gaia-DR2 stellar radius estimates. As a result, the maximum superflare energy continuously decreases as the rotation period P
rot increases. Superflares with energies ≲5 × 1034 erg occur on old, slowly rotating Sun-like stars (P
rot ∼ 25 days) approximately once every 2000–3000 yr, while young, rapidly rotating stars with P
rot ∼ a few days have superflares up to 1036 erg. The maximum starspot area does not depend on the rotation period when the star is young, but as the rotation slows down, it starts to steeply decrease at P
rot ≳ 12 days for Sun-like stars. These two decreasing trends are consistent since the magnetic energy stored around starspots explains the flare energy, but other factors like spot magnetic structure should also be considered.
The Tail of PSR J0002+6216 and the Supernova Remnant CTB 1
Authors: Schinzel F. K. , Kerr M. , Rau U. , Bhatnagar S. , Frail D. A.
Published: May 2019

We have carried out Very Large Array imaging and a Fermi timing analysis of the 115 ms γ-ray and radio pulsar PSR J0002+6216. We found that the pulsar lies at the apex of a narrowly collimated cometary-like 7′ tail of nonthermal radio emission, which we identify as a bow-shock pulsar wind nebula. The tail of the nebula points back toward the geometric center of the supernova remnant CTB 1 (G116.9+0.2) 28′ away, at a position angle θ

μ
 = 113°. We measure a proper motion with 2.9σ significance from a Fermi timing analysis giving μ = 115 ± 33 mas yr−1 and θ

μ
 = 121° ± 13°, corresponding to a large transverse pulsar velocity of 1100 km s−1 at a distance of 2 kpc. This proper motion is of the right magnitude and direction to support the claim that PSR J0002+6216 was born from the same supernova that produced CTB 1. We explore the implications for pulsar birth periods, asymmetric supernova explosions, and mechanisms for pulsar natal kick velocities.
On the Time–Frequency Downward Drifting of Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Wang Weiyang , Zhang Bing , Chen Xuelei , Xu Renxin
Published: May 2019

The newly discovered second repeating fast radio burst (FRB) source, FRB 180814.J0422+73, was reported to exhibit a time–frequency downward drifting pattern, which is also seen in the first repeater FRB 121102. We propose a generic geometrical model to account for the observed downward drifting of sub-pulse frequency, within the framework of coherent curvature radiation by bunches of electron–positron pairs in the magnetosphere of a neutron star (NS). A sudden trigger event excites these coherent bunches of charged particles, which stream outward along open field lines. As the field lines sweep across the line of sight, the bunches seen later travel farther into the less-curved part of the magnetic field lines, thus emitting at lower frequencies. We use this model to explain the time–frequency downward drifting in two FRB generation scenarios, the transient pulsar-like sparking from the inner gap region of a slowly rotating NS, and the externally triggered magnetosphere reconfiguration known as the “cosmic comb.”
Fast Orbital Shrinkage of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries Driven by Circumbinary Disks
Authors: Chen Wen-Cong , Podsiadlowski Philipp
Published: May 2019

Recently, the black hole X-ray binary (BHXB) Nova Muscae 1991 has been reported to be experiencing an extremely rapid orbital decay. So far, three BHXBs have anomalously high orbital-period derivatives, which cannot be interpreted by the standard stellar evolution theory. In this work, we investigate whether the resonant interaction between the binary and a surrounding circumbinary (CB) disk could produce the observed orbital-period derivatives. Analytical calculations indicate that the observed orbital-period derivatives of XTE J1118+480 and A0620-00 can originate from the tidal torque between the binary and a CB disk with a mass of 10−9
M
⊙, which is approximately in agreement with the dust disk mass detected in these two sources. However, Nova Muscae 1991 was probably surrounded by a heavy CB disk with a mass of 10−7
M
⊙. Based on the CB disk model and the anomalous magnetic braking theory, we simulate the evolution of the three BHXBs with intermediate-mass donor stars by using the MESA code. Our simulated results are approximately consistent with the observed donor-star masses, orbital periods, and orbital-period derivatives. However, the calculated effective temperatures of the donor stars are higher than indicated by the observed spectral types of two sources.
First records of Opetiopalpus sabulosus Motschulsky, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cleridae) for the European Alps
Authors: Steinwandter Michael , Kahlen Manfred , Tappeiner Ulrike , Seeber Julia
Published: May 2019

The genusOpetiopalpusfrom the family of checkered beetles (Coleoptera: Cleridae) is represented by 28 species worldwide, with 11 species found in the Palearctic and only four sparsely in Europe prior to 1998. One species,OpetiopalpussabulosusMotschulsky, 1840, was recently found in Eastern Europe (i.e. Ukraine, Bulgaria, and Moldavia), with the most recent record in 2015 in Eastern Romania; no data are available for Central Europe. During a comprehensive sampling survey in 2016 in the dry inner-Alpine Vinschgau Valley (South Tyrol, Italy), one individual ofO.sabulosuswas recorded from soil core samples on an extensively managed steppe-like dry pasture at 2000 m a.s.l. This was the first record ofO.sabulosusfor the European Alps and Central Europe. Further intensive samplings were conducted in 2017 and 2018, in which one additional specimen at a dry pasture at 2500 m confirms the presence of this checkered beetle.Opetiopalpussabulosusseems to have a cryptic lifestyle and therefore a low detection probability. The locations from where the species was recorded, all steppe-like dry grasslands that are part of the LTSER area “Val Mazia/Matschertal” within the LTER-Italia network, are characterized by low precipitation (730 mm at 2000 m a.s.l.) and traditional low input management (grazing cattle, sheep, and horses). BesideO.sabulosus, other rare and new species for South Tyrol and Italy were found at the sampling area. Therefore, our records underline the high biodiversity and the high nature conservational value of these steppe-like dry grasslands and the importance of long-term research to monitor such species.
Microbial processing of sedimentary organic matter at a shallow LTER site in the northern Adriatic Sea: an 8-year case study
Authors: Franzo Annalisa , Celussi Mauro , Bazzaro Matteo , Relitti Federica , Del Negro Paola
Published: May 2019

Benthic prokaryotes are the key-players in C-cycling at the sediment-seawater interface, one of the largest biologically active interfaces on Earth. Here, microbial-mediated processes, such as the degradation of organic matter and the incorporation of mobilized C into microbial biomass, depend on several factors such as environmental temperature and substrate availability, especially in shallow sediments at mid-high latitudes where seasonal fluctuations of these variables occur. In the present study, four degradative activities (β-glucosidase, lipase, chitinase and aminopeptidase), Heterotrophic C Production (HCP), Total Organic C (TOC), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Biopolymeric C (BPC) were investigated seasonally from April 2010 to April 2018 in the surface sediments of a shallow Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) station of the northern Adriatic Sea. Significant temperature-dependences were described by Arrhenius-type equations for HCP and each of the degradative activities tested with the exception of aminopeptidase. The relatively low apparent Activation Energies suggested that these microbial-mediated processes were enhanced by the availability of palatable substrates over the study period. Nevertheless, a clear and tight dependence from such substrates was detected only for aminopeptidase, the most pronounced degradative activity observed. TN was identified by the stepwise multiple regression analysis as the environmental variable that mainly drove this exoenzymatic activity. Enhanced aminopeptidase rates mirrored peaks of TN that seemed, in turn, linked to the seasonal proliferation of benthic microalgae. By supplying prokaryotes with promptly available substrates, these autotrophs, represented mainly by diatoms, seemed to play an important role in the C-cycling regulation at the studied LTER station.
Thirty years of ecological research at the Gran Sasso d’Italia LTER site: climate change in action
Authors: Petriccione Bruno , Bricca Alessandro
Published: May 2019

Since 1986, vegetation monitoring of alpine plant communities has been performed at the Gran Sasso d’Italia LTER site (https://deims.org/c0738b00-854c-418f-8d4f-69b03486e9fd) in the Central Apennines, through phytosociological relevés and abundance and coverage estimation of the vascular flora at fine scale. The monitoring activities for abiotic parameters regard air and soil temperatures, rainfall, snowfall and snow cover persistence.

A comparative analysis of changes in species composition, life forms, life strategies and morpho-functional types allowed recognition of dynamical processes (fluctuation and degeneration) and an increase in stress- and drought-tolerant and ruderal species, probably linked to a general process of climate change.

A trend of variation forced by increasing drought was recorded in high-mountain plant communities, normally within a dynamic fluctuation process. There has been a 50–80% change in species composition with respect to the total number of species observed over the years. Whereas the total number of species has increased in all communities, in high-mountain mesic grassland 20% of sensitive species have completely disappeared. Early signs of a degeneration process were already discernible after seven years: such signs are more evident in snow-dependent communities, with a quantitative increase in more thermophilic and drought-tolerant species and a parallel decrease in more mesic, cryophilic and competitive species. In particular, the following phenomena have been recorded in high-mountain mesic grassland, in agreement with predicted or observed phenomena in other Alpine or Arctic areas: (a) coverage increase (or appearance) of ruderal and stress- and drought-tolerant species; (b) coverage decrease (or disappearance) of cryophilic, mesic and competitive species.

These short-term changes could lead, in the medium- or long-term, to a disgregation process affecting the high elevation plant communities of the Apennines (including the local extinction of most of the cold-adapted species), due to their very low resilience. The phenomena described may be linked to the observed climate change which occurred during the last century (in particular in the last 50 years) in the Apennines, consisting mainly, in the mountains, of a strong reduction in the duration of snow-cover and an increase in mean and minimum annual temperatures.
Interannual variability of vertical particle fluxes in the Ross Sea (Antarctica)
Authors: Chiarini Francesca , Ravaioli Mariangela , Capotondi Lucilla
Published: May 2019

This study presents new data on biogenic and terrigenous particle fluxes collected by an oceanographic mooring (Mooring A) deployed in the south-western Ross Sea (Antarctica) in the frame of the Italian Long-Term Ecological Research network (LTER-Italy). Results from the years 2005 and 2008 document high mass fluxes during the summer and early autumn seasons, not coincident with the algal bloom. Downward particle fluxes exhibit a high inter-annual variability of both particulate fluxes and composition that seem related to the different factors as the phytoplankton increases, occurring between the beginning of February and the end of March, to the variations in the sea ice extent and to the resuspension and/or lateral advection processes. The flux variability may have been influenced by Iceberg B-15 that resided in the investigated area between 2000 and 2005. The decoupling of biogenic silica and organic carbon cycles is documented by differences in the rates of their respective key processes: biogenic silica dissolution and organic carbon degradation.
Feeding Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs): actual and potential contributions from LTER-Italy
Authors: Zilioli Martina , Oggioni Alessandro , Tagliolato Paolo , Pugnetti Alessandra , Carrara Paola
Published: May 2019

The conceptual framework of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) aims to capture the major dimensions of biodiversity change by structuring biodiversity monitoring and by ruling data collection amongst different providers. Amongst the research infrastructures adopting and implementing the EBV framework, LTER-Europe - the European node of ILTER (International Long-Term Ecological Research) - follows the approach to compare site-based biodiversity observations within and across its networks. However, a synoptic overview of their contributions with EBVs-relevant data is still missing, since data are not made available for several reasons. In this paper, we assess the capacity of LTER-Italy, one of the richest and heterogeneous networks of LTER sites in Europe, to provide data to “Species Distribution” and “Species Abundance” EBVs without inspecting and downloading their contents. To this aim, we mine the EBVs information which is publicly structured and shared by LTER site managers through DEIMS-SDR, the LTER-Europe online metadata repository. We classify the sites according to two types of contributions: (i) the actual contribution, based on metadata of datasets and (ii) the potential contribution, based on metadata of sites. Through these assessments, we investigate if LTER-Italy monitoring activities can provide EBVs measures and which sites currently provide datasets. By comparing the two contributions, we pinpoint the factors hampering the accessibility of LTER-Italy data and suggest solutions to increase the discoverability and reusability of LTER-Italy EBVs measurements. The research provides the first overview of EBVs monitored in LTER-Italy and the corresponding data management practices, as well as an evaluation of the interoperability of this network with respect to other research organisations for legal and technical aspects.
An annotated type catalogue of seven genera of operculate land snails (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) in the Natural History Museum, London
Authors: Sutcharit Chirasak , Ablett Jonathan D. , Panha Somsak
Published: May 2019

The collection of the seven cyclophorid snail genera housed in the Natural History Museum, London (NHM), includes 95 available species-level names belonging to the generaPterocyclosBenson, 1832,CyclotusSwainson, 1840,MyxostomaTroschel, 1847,RhiostomaBenson, 1860,ScabrinaBlanford, 1863,CrossopomaMartens, 1891, andPearsoniaKobelt, 1902. Lectotypes are here designated for twelve available species-level names to stabilise existing the nomenclature. A complete catalogue of these types, including colour photographs, is provided for the first time. After examining these type specimens, an unpublished manuscript name was found and is described herein asPterocyclosanamullayensisSutcharit & Panha,sp. n.
Le jugement judiciaire aux prises avec de nouvelles «|formes de vérité »: marché, calcul, numérique
Authors: Garapon Antoine
Published: May 2019

Ces dernières années ont vu se développer de nouvelles menaces sur le jugement judiciaire qui concernent moins ses énoncés ou ses ressorts moraux que sa forme symbolique, fruit d’une association de ritualité et d’idéalité, qui se trouve désormais en concurrence avec de nouvelles formes de vérité : le marché, le calcul du risque et le numérique. Aucune de ces formes de vérité ne s’avère, on le verra, à la hauteur de la tâche de justice faute de réflexivité, de mécanismes assurant la résolution de leurs contradictions et la prévention de leur effondrement. C’est pourquoi l’urgence est de penser leur articulation à une justice instituée et leur rapatriement en appel dans les formes traditionnelles du procès.
Un nouveau décisionnisme politique
Authors: Urfalino Philippe
Published: May 2019

Cet article examine la philosophie politique de Ernesto Laclau et de Chantal Mouffe et leur argumentation en faveur d’un populisme de gauche. Il montre d’abord que derrière leur critique d’une recherche naïve du consensus, censée être au cœur de la pensée libérale, se cache la revendication d’un décisionnisme politique inspiré par Carl Schmitt. Il montre ensuite comment ce décisionnisme est reformulé à l’aide de la notion d’indécidabilité, empruntée à Derrida. Enfin, l’article souligne que l’indécidabilité présupposée des concepts et des pratiques sociales aboutit à une vision balkanisée de la société et rend impossible l’idée même d’un jugement politique.
Substantialité et causalité. L’évolution de la lecture hégélienne de Spinoza
Authors: Gérard Gilbert
Published: May 2019

Cet article entend montrer de quelle façon la transformation que l’on observe dans l’appréciation hégélienne de Spinoza entre les premiers écrits d’Iéna, entièrement favorables à la cause du philosophe hollandais, et les textes de la maturité, où le jugement à son endroit se fait nettement plus critique, est solidaire d’une modification en profondeur du système. Cette modification est celle qui mène d’une métaphysique de la substance, dont la perspective est essentiellement conforme à la tradition ontologique, à une métaphysique de l’effectivité et de l’acte qui résulte d’une critique de cette même tradition. Elle est envisagée à travers un examen de la manière dont évolue le rapport entre substantialité et causalité dans la pensée hégélienne.
Comment écrire ? Essai et expérience à partir d’Adorno
Authors: Gatti Luciano , Berdet Marc
Published: May 2019

L’article se propose de discuter « L’essai comme forme » de Theodor W. Adorno. Afin d’expliciter le caractère objectif de l’activité intellectuelle investie dans l’essai, il prolonge la confrontation adornienne avec les concepts d’expérience, de critique et d’idéologie. C’est dans ce contexte qu’il reprend aussi le dialogue avec d’autres auteurs comme Montaigne, Hegel, Proust, Lukács et Benjamin, et discute des conditions de l’essayisme au Brésil.
Tourisme et terrorisme. Grand Tour et petites tournées de la terreur
Authors: Joron Philippe
Published: May 2019

Voyage d’agrément à l’origine, le tourisme suppose pour ses adeptes la pratique d’un Grand Tour, loin des habitudes et des sentiers battus, grâce auquel l’expérience est censée prendre corps sous de nouvelles formes, notamment celle de l’aventure. Le tourisme de masse, rendu possible par la démocratisation des accès, des mobilités et des séjours, par les accords internationaux, par la fluidification des échanges et la mise à disposition de technologies toujours plus sophistiquées et opérationnelles, a entraîné dans son sillage un dispositif d’aventure particulier, tout autant programmé et accessible : le tourisme de la terreur.
Territorialités et sécurité : le tourisme comme laboratoire social. Approche ethno-sociologique des liens sociaux et des identités
Authors: Abdelmalek Ali Aït
Published: May 2019

Les touristes constituent souvent, aujourd’hui, une « cible privilégiée du terrorisme » et des différentes formes de délinquance sur les plans national et international ; l’optimisation de la sécurisation des territoires au regard du tourisme est dès lors une préoccupation accrue de l’État, des collectivités décentralisées et de leurs groupements, ainsi que des professionnels du secteur. Nous nous proposons d’évoquer l’importance du « dialogue entre hauts fonctionnaires de l’État, élus, personnels des collectivités territoriales, professionnels du tourisme et enseignants-chercheurs de différentes disciplines ». Seront confrontées les recherches et les activités dites de terrain, afin d’apporter des éléments de compréhension à propos de la complexité des phénomènes de violence, et de suggérer des politiques et des stratégies à développer, et ce afin de garantir la sécurité de tous les voyageurs, ici, les touristes, sur le territoire français.
Terrorisme global et protection des touristes étrangers : renforcer le rôle des services consulaires
Authors: Weckel Philippe
Published: May 2019

Résumé  : Lors d’un attentat terroriste en France, l’assistance consulaire doit avoir une place centrale dans la prise en charge des victimes étrangères et être intégrée dans le dispositif de gestion de la crise. La Convention de Vienne de 1963 est la base juridique de l’assistance consulaire. Or aucune précision n’est donnée sur le contenu de celle-ci. Une clarification est nécessaire, pour les situations de crises majeures, dans le respect de la réciprocité. Une place devrait être faite dans ce domaine aux accords décentralisés et à la participation des collectivités territoriales qui contribueraient ainsi, avec les services de l’État, à la dimension internationale du territoire.
Le développement du tourisme au Maroc : entre politique nationale et géopolitique internationale
Authors: Slaoui Benani Dakhama Assmae
Published: May 2019

La présente réflexion a pour objectif d’analyser les représentations qu’ont les acteurs – voyageurs et populations – du terrorisme et son impact sur l’essor touristique marocain, et, au-delà, sur les projets d’aménagement d’espaces touristiques de grande envergure du fait de stratégies sectorielles engagées depuis plusieurs années. Le Maroc offre un bon exemple de stabilité politique et sociale. C’est un territoire ouvert au tourisme qui a vu, pendant longtemps, sa stratégie politique nationale inclure le tourisme comme secteur prioritaire essentiel à son progrès socio-économique. Cependant, la réussite de son développement reste toujours un « éternel espoir » malgré les nombreux plans de développement mis en place depuis les années 1960. Comment justifier un tel bilan ? Quelles sont les perspectives d’avenir du secteur du tourisme marocain dans un monde perturbé par le terrorisme dit « islamiste » dont l’action prend de l’ampleur dans le temps et dans l’espace ?