bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syndecan-4 functionalization of tissue regeneration scaffolds improves interaction with endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Warner Harleigh , Wu Yidi , Wagner William D
Published: December 2021

Key to most implanted cell free scaffolds for tissue regeneration is the ability to sequester and retain undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells at the repair site. In this report, syndecan-4, a heparan sulfate containing proteoglycan, was investigated as a unique molecule for use in scaffold functionalization. An electrospun hybrid scaffold comprised of poly (glycerol) sebacate (PGS), silk fibroin and type I collagen (PFC) was used as a model scaffold to develop a procedure and test the hypothesis that functionalization would result in increased scaffold binding of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). For these studies both Syndecan-4 and stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) were used in functionalization PFC. Syndecan-4 functionalized PFC bound 4.8 fold more SDF-1α compared to nonfunctionalized PFC. Binding was specific as determined by heparin displacement studies. After culture for 7 days, significantly, more EPCs were detected on PFC scaffolds having both syndecan-4 and SDF-1α compared to scaffolds of PFC with only syndecan-4, or PFC adsorbed with SDF-1α, or PFC alone. Taken together, this study demonstrates that EPCs can be bound to and significantly expanded on PFC material through syndecan-4 mediated growth factor binding. Syndecan-4 with a multiplicity of binding sites has the potential to functionalize and expand stem cells on a variety of scaffold materials for use in tissue regeneration.
Assessing broader impacts of funded research: the US National Science Foundation v. Lamar Smith
Authors: Drummond Otten Caitlin , Fischhoff Baruch
Published: December 2021

The US National Science Foundation (NSF) must demonstrate the value of the research that it funds. To that end, NSF has developed two criteria for its funding decisions: intellectual merit (IM), the potential to advance knowledge, and broader impacts (BI), the potential to benefit society. Critics have argued that these criteria are insufficient, including former Rep. Lamar Smith (R-TX), who offered his own criteria delineating specific desired impacts, such as economic competitiveness. We empirically assess this criticism by comparing public ratings of NSF-funded projects, based on their Project Outcomes Report (POR), using NSF’s and Smith’s criteria. Participants rated NSF-funded research as satisfying both NSF’s and Smith’s criteria, which were moderately correlated. Adding explicit references to societal BI improved ratings slightly. Noting NSF support did not. Our results suggest that having PORs explicitly address additional criteria could increase perceived BI without compromising IM.
One view of the next decade of research on behavioral and biobehavioral approaches to cancer prevention and control: intervention optimization
Authors: Collins Linda M , Strayhorn Jillian C , Vanness David J
Published: December 2021

As a new decade begins, we propose that the time is right to reexamine current methods and procedures and look for opportunities to accelerate progress in cancer prevention and control. In this article we offer our view of the next decade of research on behavioral and biobehavioral interventions for cancer prevention and control. We begin by discussing and questioning several implicit conventions. We then briefly introduce an alternative research framework: the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST). MOST, a principled framework for intervention development, optimization, and evaluation, stresses not only intervention effectiveness, but also intervention affordability, scalability, and efficiency. We review some current limitations of MOST along with future directions for methodological work in this area, and suggest some changes in the scientific environment we believe would permit wider adoption of intervention optimization. We propose that wider adoption of intervention optimization would have a positive impact on development and successful implementation of interventions for cancer prevention and control and on intervention science more broadly, including accumulation of a coherent base of knowledge about what works and what does not; establishment of an empirical basis for adaptation of interventions to different settings with different levels and types of resources; and, in the long run, acceleration of progress from Stage 0 to Stage V in the National Institutes of Health Model of Stages of Intervention Development.
Financial toxicity in cancer care: origins, impact, and solutions
Authors: Abrams Hannah R , Durbin Sienna , Huang Cher X , Johnson Shawn F , Nayak Rahul K , Zahner Greg J , Peppercorn Jeffrey
Published: December 2021

Financial toxicity describes the financial burden and distress that can arise for patients, and their family members, as a result of cancer treatment. It includes direct out-of-pocket costs for treatment and indirect costs such as travel, time, and changes to employment that can increase the burden of cancer. While high costs of cancer care have threatened the sustainability of access to care for decades, it is only in the past 10 years that the term “financial toxicity” has been popularized to recognize that the financial burdens of care can be just as important as the physical toxicities traditionally associated with cancer therapy. The past decade has seen a rapid growth in research identifying the prevalence and impact of financial toxicity. Research is now beginning to focus on innovations in screening and care delivery that can mitigate this risk. There is a need to determine the optimal strategy for clinicians and cancer centers to address costs of care in order to minimize financial toxicity, promote access to high value care, and reduce health disparities. We review the evolution of concerns over costs of cancer care, the impact of financial burdens on patients, methods to screen for financial toxicity, proposed solutions, and priorities for future research to identify and address costs that threaten the health and quality of life for many patients with cancer.
Basic behavioral science research priorities in minority health and health disparities
Authors: Halbert Chanita Hughes , Allen Caitlin G
Published: December 2021

Achieving health equity among disparity populations has been a national, regional, and local priority for several years. Health promotion and disease prevention behaviors play an important role in achieving health equity; the first generation of behavioral science studies in minority health and health disparities have provided important insights about the nature and distribution of risk exposure behaviors in disparity populations. Interventions have also been developed to enhance health promotion and disease prevention behaviors using behavioral counseling, tailored health communications, and interventions that are developed collaboratively with community stakeholders. Although intervention development and evaluation are components of transdisciplinary translational behavior research, discovery science is a critical first step in translational research. Consistent with this, conceptual models and frameworks of minority health and health disparities have evolved to include multilevel determinants that include basic behavioral mechanisms such as stress responses and stress reactivity that have physiological, psychological, and behavioral components that are relevant to minority health and health disparities. This report describes priorities, opportunities, and barriers to conducting transdisciplinary translational behavioral research during the next generation of minority health and health disparities research.
Vaccine hesitancy and behavior change theory-based social media interventions: a systematic review
Authors: Li Lan , Wood Caroline E , Kostkova Patty
Published: December 2021

It is widely acknowledged that vaccine hesitancy is a multifaceted problem that cannot be addressed by a single strategy. Behavior change theories and social media tools may together help to guide the design of interventions aimed at improving vaccination uptake. This systematic review aims to identify the breadth and effectiveness of such theories and tools. The systematic review search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, ACM, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases for studies between January 2011 and January 2021 that applied social media tools to increase vaccine confidence or improve vaccination uptake. The literature search yielded a total of 3,065 publications. Twenty articles met the eligibility criteria, 12 of which were theory-based interventions. The result shows that the Health Belief Model was the most frequently deployed theory, and the most common social media tool was educational posts, followed by dialogue-based groups, interactive websites, and personal reminders. Theory-based interventions were generally more measurable and comparable and had more evidence to trigger the positive behavior change. Fifteen studies reported the effectiveness in knowledge gain, intention increase, or behavior change. Educational messages were proved to be effective in increasing knowledge but less helpful in triggering behavior change. Dialogue-based social media intervention performed well in improving people’s intention to vaccinate. Interventions informed by behavior change theory and delivered via social media platforms offer an important opportunity for addressing vaccine hesitancy. This review highlights the need to use a multitheory framework and tailoring social media interventions to the specific circumstances and needs of the target audience in future interventions. The results and insights gained from this review will be of assistance to future studies.
Performance assessment for mathematics tutoring centres
Authors: Johns Carolyn , Byerley Cameron , Moore-Russo Deborah , Rickard Brian , Oien Janet , Burks Linda , James Carolyn , Mills Melissa , Heasom William , Ferreira Melissa , Mammo Behailu
Published: December 2021

Evaluation has become a common, and even an expected, practice across undergraduate mathematics tutoring centres in the USA, UK and other countries. However, these evaluation efforts could benefit greatly from leveraging organizational theory research. In this study, we situate mathematics tutoring centres as non-profit organizations (NPOs) to consider how an organization performance assessment framework can be adapted to study mathematics tutoring centre data and characteristics. We use qualitative and quantitative data, collected from six mathematics tutoring centres and adapt Lee & Nowell’s (2015, Am. J. Eval., 36, 299–319) NPO performance framework to situate our study. Using thematic analysis, the research team underwent iterative cycles of data collection and analysis to code for alignment with Lee and Nowell’s framework. By adapting Lee and Nowell’s framework to mathematics centres, each of the six centres was given a more relevant lens to consider its performance. Regardless of the university setting, previous evaluations for centres have focused primarily on outputs (e.g., number of visits), behavioural change outcomes (e.g., correlating visits to grades) and client satisfaction outcomes (e.g., student surveys) that ignore the particular context of a centre. However, Lee and Nowell’s framework takes into account additional performance indicators that provide a more nuanced understanding of a centre’s performance by bringing to light the interplay among its various dimensions. Lee and Nowell’s framework allows centres to look beyond outputs and outcomes to understand why these outputs and outcomes come to be. The use of this adapted performance framework, for the six mathematics centres in this study, allows an interpretation on a variety of dimensions using relevant data while indicating possible areas for change for each centre.
The Impact of Proper Opioid Disposal Education
Authors: Aliory Christine D. , Robberts Michelle , Bos Devin , Mangold Kara , Snedigar Sally , Girardo Marlene
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:

Every day, more than 190 people in the United States die from opioid overdose. Unused opioid medications pose a risk to the patient and the community as they increase the potential for abuse or misuse. A contributing factor is lack of education on the proper disposal methods of unused opioid medications.

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this quasi-experimental nursing study was to examine whether providing education on proper disposal of opioid medications would increase the proportion of patients who properly dispose of unused opioids.

METHODS:

The study site's mandatory orthopaedic preoperative class was used for consenting patients. The control group did not receive targeted education on opioid disposal, whereas the intervention group did receive targeted education. A total of 86 patients were consented during Months 1 and 2 of the study. Forty-one patients were in the control group and 45 were in the intervention group. Demographic variables such as age, gender, and marital status were collected to determine whether certain demographic factors had an influence over whether or not opioids would be disposed of properly.

FINDINGS:

Those in the intervention group who attended the class were slightly younger than those in the control group (68.2 ± 9.9 years vs. 70.3 ± 10.6 years, p = .5098), primarily male (57.5% vs. 35.0%, p = .0436), and more likely to live with a significant other (94.7% vs. 74.4%, p = .0249). Of those who had medication left over, 62.5% disposed of their unused opioid prescription in the intervention group compared with 40.7% in the control group (p = .1208). In the intervention group, 86.7% of the individuals with leftover medication disposed of it correctly compared with 63.5% in the control group (p = .3478).

CONCLUSION:

Those who received education on appropriate opioid disposal were more likely to dispose of it in general as well as dispose of it correctly. Although not statistically significant, the findings from this study are clinically significant in that they provide direction on the importance of standardized and focused patient education on proper opioid disposal.
A Comparison of Patient Outcomes Using Multimodal Analgesia Versus Opioid-Based Pain Management in Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Hyderi Alifiya F. , Racelis Mary Carol
Published: December 2021

Multimodal analgesia (MMA) pain management following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is gaining momentum as a best practice. Many forces in healthcare are coming together challenging orthopaedic teams to reevaluate postoperative pain management following surgery including the opioid crisis and pressures to improve patient experience with early discharges following surgery. Measuring the effect of adjustments to pain management is an important step. This retrospective, observational study evaluated the effect of a multimodal postoperative analgesia regimen on patient outcomes and opioid use at a Midwest academic medical center. Two cohorts of patients were compared. Those who underwent TJA from November 2016 to April 2017 and received pain management by the traditional supplemental “as-needed” opioid-based pain management order set and patients who underwent TJA from September 2017 to February 2018 whose pain was managed by the scheduled multimodal pain management order set. For patients in the MMA group, there was a significant difference in pain control on postoperative day 1 (p = .04) in addition to decreased hospital length of stay (LOS) (p = .0001). Opioid consumption in the MMA group was lower compared to the traditional supplemental “as-needed” opioid-based pain management cohort.

Implementation of the MMA regimen at this institution led to improved postoperative pain control, reduced LOS, less consumption of opioids, antiemetic, and antipruritic medications in TJA patient population.
Honorific Speech Impairment: A Characteristic Sign of Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Hong Weon Kyeong , Yoon Ji Hye , Jang Hyemin , Yoon Soo Jin , Moon So Young , Kim Hee Jin , Na Duk L.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Individuals with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) exhibit various levels of abulia, disinhibition, impaired judgment, and decline in executive function. Empirical evidence has shown that individuals with bvFTD also often exhibit difficulty using honorific speech, which expresses respect to another party or addressee.

Objective:

To analyze differences in the ability to use honorific speech among individuals with bvFTD, individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD dementia), and individuals with normal cognition (NC).

Method:

A total of 53 native Korean speakers (13 bvFTD, 20 AD dementia, and 20 NC) completed an experimental honorific speech task (HST) that involved both expressive and receptive tasks. We analyzed the number of correct responses and error patterns separately for an expressive task and for a receptive task.

Results:

The bvFTD group had significantly fewer correct responses on the HST compared with the AD dementia and NC groups. The bvFTD group exhibited more misjudgment errors in identifying nonhonorific speech as honorific speech in the expressive task, and significantly longer response times in the receptive task, than the AD dementia and NC groups. Significant associations were identified between HST scores and cortical atrophy in the temporal and frontotemporal lobes.

Conclusion:

A decline in the ability to use honorific speech may be a diagnosable behavioral and psychiatric symptom for bvFTD in Korean-speaking individuals. This decline in individuals with bvFTD could be attributed to multiple factors, including social manners (politeness) and impaired social language use ability (pragmatics).
Cerebellar Ischemia Presenting as Transient Global Amnesia
Authors: Morena Jonathan , Kamdar Hera A. , Adeli Amir
Published: December 2021

Transient global amnesia (TGA) consists of acute-onset anterograde amnesia and typically resolves within 24 hours. Reported etiologies of TGA include transient ischemia to the hippocampus or thalamus, migraine, venous flow abnormalities, and epilepsy. There are no reports of cerebellar ischemia as an etiology of TGA. A 78-year-old woman with a medical history of diabetes presented to the Ohio State University ER after a period of anterograde amnesia lasting 3 hours. She was alert during the event, but asked the same questions repeatedly. Upon arrival to the ER, she was hypertensive but clinically back to baseline, with no recall of the 3-hour time period. An MRI of her brain revealed an isolated hyperintense signal on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at the junction of the superior cerebellum and vermis, with apparent diffusion coefficient correlation. Vascular imaging of the brain and neck and a routine EEG were unremarkable. We diagnosed her with cerebellar ischemia presenting as TGA. She had no head injury, migraine, or history of epilepsy to suggest alternative etiologies of TGA. An increasing amount of literature has reported that the cerebellum is linked to the limbic system. A case series of SPECT imaging on individuals with TGA revealed transient cerebellar vermis hypoperfusion in addition to hippocampal DWI changes. We present what may be a novel report of isolated cerebellar ischemia presenting as TGA, and we add to the literature for clinicians to consider the possibility that damage to the cerebellum or its circuit to the cerebrum or thalamus can present as TGA.
Ostracods had colonized estuaries by the late Silurian
Authors: McGairy Anna , Komatsu Toshifumi , Williams Mark , Harvey Thomas H. P. , Miller C. Giles , Nguyen Phong Duc , Legrand Julien , Yamada Toshihiro , Siveter David J. , Bush Harrison , Stocker Christopher P.
Published: December 2021

The fossil record of terrestrialization documents notable shifts in the environmental and physiological tolerances of many animal and plant groups. However, for certain significant components of modern freshwater and terrestrial environments, the transition out of marine settings remains largely unconstrained. Ostracod crustaceans occupy an exceptional range of modern aquatic environments and are invaluable palaeoenvironmental indicators in the fossil record. However, pre-Carboniferous records of supposed non-marine and marginal marine ostracods are sparse, and the timing of their marine to non-marine transition has proven elusive. Here, we reassess the early environmental history of ostracods in light of new assemblages from the late Silurian of Vietnam. Two, low diversity but distinct ostracod assemblages are associated with estuarine deposits. This occurrence is consistent with previous incidental reports of ostracods occupying marginal and brackish settings through the late Silurian and Devonian. Therefore, ostracods were pioneering the occupation of marginal marine and estuarine settings 60 Myr before the Carboniferous and they were a component of the early phase of transition from marine to non-marine environments.
Patrick David Wall. 5 April 1925—8 August 2001
Authors: Fitzgerald Maria
Published: December 2021

Patrick (Pat) Wall was a neurophysiologist and true pioneer in the science of pain. He discovered that the sensory information arising from receptors in our body, such as those for touch and heat, could be modified, or ‘gated’, in the spinal cord by other sensory inputs and also by information descending from the brain; this meant, as is now well recognized, that the final sensory experience is not necessarily predictable from the original pain-eliciting sensory input. He used this to explain the poor relationship between injury and pain, and to illustrate the fallacy of judging what someone ‘should’ be feeling from the sensory input alone. In 1969, together with his colleague, Ron Melzack, Pat proposed the ‘gate control theory of pain’ and the circuit diagram that summarized how central spinal cord circuits can modulate sensory inputs. Later on, he began to regret that ‘goddamned diagram’, which had come to dominate his life and work, but, like all great models, it paved the way for the future. Now, over 50 years after it was first published, molecular genetic dissection of dorsal horn neuronal circuitry has indisputably confirmed that sensory inputs are indeed ‘gated’ in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Through a career that started with a medical degree in Oxford, followed by almost 20 years at Yale and MIT in the USA, and continued at University College London, Pat Wall was a highly influential, critical, creative and original thinker who revolutionized our understanding of the relationship between injury and pain, and who also became a champion for all who suffered from chronic pain.
News or social media? Socio-economic divide of mobile service consumption
Authors: Ucar Iñaki , Gramaglia Marco , Fiore Marco , Smoreda Zbigniew , Moro Esteban
Published: December 2021

Reliable and timely information on socio-economic status and divides is critical to social and economic research and policing. Novel data sources from mobile communication platforms have enabled new cost-effective approaches and models to investigate social disparity, but their lack of interpretability, accuracy or scale has limited their relevance to date. We investigate the divide in digital mobile service usage with a large dataset of 3.7 billion time-stamped and geo-referenced mobile traffic records in a major European country, and find profound geographical unevenness in mobile service usage—especially on news, e-mail, social media consumption and audio/video streaming. We relate such diversity with income, educational attainment and inequality, and reveal how low-income or low-education areas are more likely to engage in video streaming or social media and less in news consumption, information searching, e-mail or audio streaming. The digital usage gap is so large that we can accurately infer the socio-economic status of a small area or even its Gini coefficient only from aggregated data traffic. Our results make the case for an inexpensive, privacy-preserving, real-time and scalable way to understand the digital usage divide and, in turn, poverty, unemployment or economic growth in our societies through mobile phone data.
A feedback control architecture for bioelectronic devices with applications to wound healing
Authors: Hosseini Jafari Bashir , Zlobina Ksenia , Marquez Giovanny , Jafari Mohammad , Selberg John , Jia Manping , Rolandi Marco , Gomez Marcella
Published: December 2021

Bioelectronic devices can provide an interface for feedback control of biological processes in real-time based on sensor information tracking biological response. The main control challenges are guaranteeing system convergence in the presence of saturating inputs into the bioelectronic device and complexities from indirect control of biological systems. In this paper, we first derive a saturated-based robust sliding mode control design for a partially unknown nonlinear system with disturbance. Next, we develop a data informed model of a bioelectronic device for
in silico
simulations. Our controller is then applied to the model to demonstrate controlled pH of a target area. A modular control architecture is chosen to interface the bioelectronic device and controller with a bistable phenomenological model of wound healing to demonstrate closed-loop biological treatment. External pH is regulated by the bioelectronic device to accelerate wound healing, while avoiding chronic inflammation. Our novel control algorithm for bioelectronic devices is robust and requires minimum information about the device for broad applicability. The control architecture makes it adaptable to any biological system and can be used to enhance automation in bioengineering to improve treatments and patient outcomes.
Downstroke and upstroke conflict during banked turns in butterflies
Authors: Henningsson P. , Johansson L. C.
Published: December 2021

For all flyers, aeroplanes or animals, making banked turns involve a rolling motion which, due to higher induced drag on the outer than the inner wing, results in a yawing torque opposite to the turn. This adverse yaw torque can be counteracted using a tail, but how animals that lack tail, e.g. all insects, handle this problem is not fully understood. Here, we quantify the performance of turning take-off flights in butterflies and find that they use force vectoring during banked turns without fully compensating for adverse yaw. This lowers their turning performance, increasing turn radius, since thrust becomes misaligned with the flight path. The separation of function between downstroke (lift production) and upstroke (thrust production) in our butterflies, in combination with a more pronounced adverse yaw during the upstroke increases the misalignment of the thrust. This may be a cost the butterflies pay for the efficient thrust-generating upstroke clap, but also other insects fail to rectify adverse yaw during escape manoeuvres, suggesting a general feature in functionally two-winged insect flight. When lacking tail and left with costly approaches to counteract adverse yaw, costs of flying with adverse yaw may be outweighed by the benefits of maintaining thrust and flight speed.
Structure and
in silico
simulations of a cold-active esterase reveals its prime cold-adaptation mechanism
Authors: Noby Nehad , Auhim Husam Sabah , Winter Samuel , Worthy Harley L. , Embaby Amira M. , Saeed Hesham , Hussein Ahmed , Pudney Christopher R. , Rizkallah Pierre J. , Wells Stephen A. , Jones D. Dafydd
Published: December 2021

Here we determined the structure of a cold active family IV esterase (EstN7) cloned
from Bacillus cohnii
strain N1. EstN7 is a dimer with a classical α/β hydrolase fold. It has an acidic surface that is thought to play a role in cold-adaption by retaining solvation under changed water solvent entropy at lower temperatures. The conformation of the functionally important cap region is significantly different to EstN7's closest relatives, forming a bridge-like structure with reduced helical content providing greater access to the active site through more than one substrate access tunnel. However, dynamics do not appear to play a major role in cold adaption. Molecular dynamics at different temperatures, rigidity analysis, normal mode analysis and geometric simulations of motion confirm the flexibility of the cap region but suggest that the rest of the protein is largely rigid. Rigidity analysis indicates the distribution of hydrophobic tethers is appropriate to colder conditions, where the hydrophobic effect is weaker than in mesophilic conditions due to reduced water entropy. Thus, it is likely that increased substrate accessibility and tolerance to changes in water entropy are important for of EstN7's cold adaptation rather than changes in dynamics.
Social-vocal brain networks in a non-human primate
Authors: Takahashi Daniel Y , El Hady Ahmed , Zhang Yisi S , Liao Diana A , Montaldo Gabriel , Urban Alan , Ghazanfar Asif A
Published: December 2021

During social interactions, individuals influence each other to coordinate their actions. Vocal communication is an exceptionally efficient way to exert such influence. Where and how social interactions are dynamically modulated in the brain is unknown. We used functional ultrasound imaging in marmoset monkeys – a highly vocal species - to investigate the dynamics of medial social brain areas in vocal perception, production, and audio-vocal interaction. We found that the activity of a distributed network of subcortical and cortical regions distinguishes calls associated with different social contexts. This same brain network showed different dynamics during externally and internally driven vocalizations. These findings suggest the existence of a social-vocal brain network in medial cortical and subcortical areas that is fundamental in social communication.

One Sentence Summary

A network of medial subcortical and cortical brain areas gate social communication in primates.
Fast and accurate detection of surface defect based on improved YOLOv4
Authors: Lian Jiawei , He Junhong , Niu Yun , Wang Tianze
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The current popular image processing technologies based on convolutional neural network have the characteristics of large computation, high storage cost and low accuracy for tiny defect detection, which is contrary to the high real-time and accuracy, limited computing resources and storage required by industrial applications. Therefore, an improved YOLOv4 named as YOLOv4-Defect is proposed aim to solve the above problems.

Design/methodology/approach

On the one hand, this study performs multi-dimensional compression processing on the feature extraction network of YOLOv4 to simplify the model and improve the feature extraction ability of the model through knowledge distillation. On the other hand, a prediction scale with more detailed receptive field is added to optimize the model structure, which can improve the detection performance for tiny defects.

Findings

The effectiveness of the method is verified by public data sets NEU-CLS and DAGM 2007, and the steel ingot data set collected in the actual industrial field. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed YOLOv4-Defect method can greatly improve the recognition efficiency and accuracy and reduce the size and computation consumption of the model.

Originality/value

This paper proposed an improved YOLOv4 named as YOLOv4-Defect for the detection of surface defect, which is conducive to application in various industrial scenarios with limited storage and computing resources, and meets the requirements of high real-time and precision.
Investigating the effect of restaurant menu labelling on consumer food choices using a field experiment
Authors: Erdem Seda
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The aim is to explore the impact of new menu labels on consumers' actual meal purchases with a field experiment undertaken in a local restaurant.

Design/methodology/approach

The author used a field experiment in a natural eating environment at a restaurant to investigate the effect of restaurant menu labelling on consumers' meal choices and opinions on the use of nutritional labels on menus. The experiment included control and treatment conditions in which we offered customers unlabelled and labelled menus, respectively. After individuals' dining experience, the data on meal choices and attitudes to menu labelling was collected via a brief questionnaire. The author then performed inferential statistical analysis to test differences between the control and treatment conditions and logistic regression analysis to explore further what predicts the probability of labels being influential on meal choice.

Findings

The study finds that the information provided to the consumers on restaurant menus matters. The more useful the information is perceived by consumers, the more likely the labels will influence their choices. Calorie content and the walking minutes to burn those calories on labels were considered the most useful aspect of the menu labels.

Originality/value

The study contributes to a better understanding of the impact of menu labelling on actual meal purchases, as well as the best way to communicate calorie and nutrient information to consumers. The author also shares her experience designing a field experiment with a restaurateur for future research.
A progressive online external parameter calibration and initialization method for stereo-IMU system
Authors: Zhai Yanwu , Feng Haibo , Fu Yili
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to present a pipeline to progressively deal with the online external parameter calibration and estimator initialization of the Stereo-inertial measurement unit (IMU) system, which does not require any prior information and is suitable for system initialization in a variety of environments.

Design/methodology/approach

Before calibration and initialization, a modified stereo tracking method is adopted to obtain a motion pose, which provides prerequisites for the next three steps. Firstly, the authors align the pose obtained with the IMU measurements and linearly calculate the rough external parameters and gravity vector to provide initial values for the next optimization. Secondly, the authors fix the pose obtained by the vision and restore the external and inertial parameters of the system by optimizing the pre-integration of the IMU. Thirdly, the result of the previous step is used to perform visual-inertial joint optimization to further refine the external and inertial parameters.

Findings

The results of public data set experiments and actual experiments show that this method has better accuracy and robustness compared with the state of-the-art.

Originality/value

This method improves the accuracy of external parameters calibration and initialization and prevents the system from falling into a local minimum. Different from the traditional method of solving inertial navigation parameters separately, in this paper, all inertial navigation parameters are solved at one time, and the results of the previous step are used as the seed for the next optimization, and gradually solve the external inertial navigation parameters from coarse to fine, which avoids falling into a local minimum, reduces the number of iterations during optimization and improves the efficiency of the system.
Sensors and tribological systems: applications for industry 4.0
Authors: Rouf Saquib , Raina Ankush , Ul Haq Mir Irfan , Naveed Nida
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The involvement of wear, friction and lubrication in engineering systems and industrial applications makes it imperative to study the various aspects of tribology in relation with advanced technologies and concepts. The concept of Industry 4.0 and its implementation further faces a lot of barriers, particularly in developing economies. Real-time and reliable data is an important enabler for the implementation of the concept of Industry 4.0. For availability of reliable and real-time data about various tribological systems is crucial in applying the various concepts of Industry 4.0. This paper aims to attempt to highlight the role of sensors related to friction, wear and lubrication in implementing Industry 4.0 in various tribology-related industries and equipment.

Design/methodology/approach

A through literature review has been done to study the interrelationships between the availability of tribology-related data and implementation of Industry 4.0 are also discussed. Relevant and recent research papers from prominent databases have been included. A detailed overview about the various types of sensors used in generating tribological data is also presented. Some studies related to the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) are also included in the paper. A discussion on fault diagnosis and cyber physical systems in connection with tribology has also been included.

Findings

Industry 4.0 and tribology are interconnected through various means and the various pillars of Industry 4.0 such as big data, AI can effectively be implemented in various tribological systems. Data is an important parameter in the effective application of concepts of Industry 4.0 in the tribological environment. Sensors have a vital role to play in the implementation of Industry 4.0 in tribological systems. Determining the machine health, carrying out maintenance in off-shore and remote mechanical systems is possible by applying online-real-time data acquisition.

Originality/value

The paper tries to relate the pillars of Industry 4.0 with various aspects of tribology. The paper is a first of its kind wherein the interdisciplinary field of tribology has been linked with Industry 4.0. The paper also highlights the role of sensors in generating tribological data related to the critical parameters, such as wear rate, coefficient of friction, surface roughness which is critical in implementing the various pillars of Industry 4.0.
Understanding the ties between brand gender and brand engagement in online brand communities: the moderating role of consumers’ biological sex
Authors: Kumar Jitender
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine how brand gender (masculine/feminine brand personality [FBP] traits) stimulates brand engagement (cognitive processing, affection and activation) inside online brand communities (OBCs). The authors also explore the mediation of this effect through brand identification and brand personality appeal (BPA). The moderating role of consumers’ biological sex is also investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

The theoretical model has been tested with the data collected from OBC members through the structural equation modelling technique. Bootstrapping is used for mediation analysis and multiple group analysis for testing the moderating effects.

Findings

Results show that masculine brand personality (MBP) influences brand engagement directly, as well as through brand identification and BPA. However, FBP elicits brand engagement only through the mediation of brand identification and BPA. Consumers’ biological sex moderates the effect of FBP on brand engagement, but no moderation was traced for the effect of MBP on brand engagement.

Research limitations/implications

The context of the research poses a limitation on the broader replication of study findings. Other limitations include the absence of community-based variables and the focused use of gender centric brands in this study. This research will help researchers to understand the nuances in the underlying relationship between brand gender and brand engagement inside OBCs.

Practical implications

The managers can emphasize MBP but should not downplay the importance of FBP inside OBCs. To achieve brand engagement, the marketers should curate FBP in a way to affecting consumers’ brand identification and brand appeal. To achieve consumer brand engagement, MBP can be targeted at both male and female consumers, whereas FBP holds more importance among female consumers. Therefore, classifying members as per their biological sex is recommended for better brand engagement from brand gender inside OBCs.

Originality/value

This study explores finer mechanisms in the relationship between brand gender and brand engagement inside OBCs by charting out the powerful mediating role played by brand identification and BPA. The moderating role of consumers’ biological sex is an important dimension to these relationships, not explored hitherto.
Exploring academics’ identities in today’s universities: a systematic review
Authors: Mula-Falcón Javier , Caballero Katia , Domingo Segovia Jesús
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The study aims to analyse international studies on the impact that new forms of control and performativity in higher education have on academics’ identity. The aim was threefold, namely, to provide an overview of the main published findings; to establish biases and future lines of research and to offer a starting point to stimulate a debate on the future of universities.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study consists of a systematic review aimed at providing an overview of the main professional identities (PIs) described in the literature in the past 10 years. A bibliographic search was conducted on the Web of Science, SCOPUS and Education Resources Information Centre, which yielded a total of 26 articles that were subsequently subjected to thematic analysis.

Findings

The study provides an overview of the types of identities developed by academics as a result of the new forms of control. Among the main findings, this study reveals a clear predominance of PIs characterised by submission to the new neoliberal demands. The professional, social and health consequences associated with these identities are also highlighted. Finally, a proposal is made for future research to better understand how these new PIs are constructed and developed.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the chosen filters or databases, the study could have omitted possible articles relevant to this review. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to replicate such a study by expanding, for example, the languages used.

Originality/value

This study helps us to obtain a detailed description of the different identities generated as a consequence of the new governance of higher education. Furthermore, possible implications for mitigating this situation are mentioned.
Living far from home: Javanese culture among transmigrants
Authors: Sienkiewicz Simona
Published: December 2021

Transmigration processes in Indonesia have heavily influenced incoming and hosting communities’ sense of identity and belonging. However, the social and cultural aspects of building a new life elsewhere are still an unexplored topic. In this article, I would like to show how modern descendants of Javanese transmigrants living in the village of Waemital in West Seram, part of the Moluccas, sustain links with Java in their everyday lives. Despite their extended residence, internal migrants struggle with the stigma of being outsiders. This article also explores how resistance to local adaptation has fostered social tensions between transmigrant and indigenous communities, hindering mutual understanding. How might a description of Waemital inhabitants’ everyday lives help us understand the impact of organized migrations in Indonesia?
Inducing the adoption of emerging technologies for sustainable intensification of food and renewable energy production: insights from applied economics*
Authors: Khanna Madhu , Miao Ruiqing
Published: December 2021

Emerging advances in sustainable intensification technologies have the potential to transform land use and crop management approaches in ways that can increase resource productivity and reduce adverse environmental impacts of agricultural production. This paper describes emerging technologies that can sustainably intensify food and renewable energy production. We apply the findings from studies examining the adoption of technologies with similar stylized features to provide insights about the incentives and barriers for the adoption of these emerging technologies. We also present a landscape‐based systems approach, based on welfare economics, to go beyond relying on a positive approach to explain observed adoption decisions to examining normative questions about the optimal mix, level, and location of adoption of these technologies to achieve desired societal outcomes. We conclude with a discussion of the insights from applied economics for the design of policy incentives to achieve these outcomes.
Membrane composition and organization of Bacillus subtilis 168 and its genome‐reduced derivative miniBacillus PG10
Authors: van Tilburg Amanda Y. , Warmer Philipp , van Heel Auke J. , Sauer Uwe , Kuipers Oscar P.
Published: December 2021

A form of lateral membrane compartmentalization in bacteria is represented by functional membrane microdomains (FMMs). FMMs are important for various cellular processes and offer application possibilities in microbial biotechnology. We designed a lipidomics method to directly measure relative abundances of lipids in detergent‐resistant and detergent‐sensitive membrane fractions of the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis 168 and the biotechnologically attractive miniBacillus PG10 strain. Our study supports previous work suggesting that cardiolipin and prenol lipids are enriched in FMMs of B. subtilis. Additionally, structural analysis of acyl chains of major phospholipids indicated that FMMs display increased order and thickness compared with the surrounding bilayer. Despite the 36% genome reduction, membrane and FMM integrity are largely preserved in miniBacillus PG10, as supported by analysis of membrane fluidity, flotillin distribution and gene expression data. The novel insights in FMM architecture reported here will contribute to further explore the biological significance of FMMs and the means by which FMMs can be exploited as heterologous production platforms. Moreover, our lipidomics method enables comparative FMM lipid profiling between different bacteria.
Accumulated precipitation and air density are linked to termite (Blattodea) flight synchronism in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in north‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Lucena Emanuelly F , Silva Israel S , Monteiro Sara R P , Moura Flávia M S , Vasconcellos Alexandre
Published: December 2021

Termite dispersal flights (Blattodea: Termitoidae) are influenced by several factors that are intrinsic and extrinsic to colonies and vary according to the environment and target species. This study aimed to evaluate the main characteristics of the dispersal flights of a termite community and the environmental variables related to these flights in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest, situated in the semiarid region of north‐eastern Brazil. The alates were collected with trays placed on the ground. Sampling was carried out over a year, with weekly trap reviews. Flight peaks started in February; i.e. these events were more frequent and alates from all species were captured. The trays were checked daily for 40 days during this period. A principal coordinate analysis was performed to determine the response variables and, after that, a generalised linear model was performed to analyse the relationship between these variables and environmental variations. Alates of 37 species were captured and the community flight pattern proved to be synchronised and highly temporally concentrated, regardless of family, subfamily or even genera. The daily sampling analysis showed that 97% of species flights occurred between the 13th and 33rd days following the start of the 40 days of daily revisions. The number of flight occurrences and species composition were significantly influenced by the accumulated precipitation over 72 h and air density. The latter variable was evaluated for the first time in this type of study. The high synchronism between species may be related to the brief period in which arid and semiarid ecosystems have the correct conditions for alate flights, which is different to alate flight occurrence in tropical rainforests, where the environmental conditions usually allow termites to fly throughout the entire year.