bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Functionality of IbpA from Acholeplasma laidlawii Is Governed by Dynamic Rearrangement of Its Globular–Fibrillar Quaternary Structure
Authors: Chernova Liliya S. , Vishnyakov Innokentii E. , Börner Janek , Bogachev Mikhail I. , Thormann Kai M. , Kayumov Airat R.
Published: October 2023

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) represent a first line of stress defense in many bacteria. The primary function of these molecular chaperones involves preventing irreversible protein denaturation and aggregation. In Escherichia coli, fibrillar EcIbpA binds unfolded proteins and keeps them in a folding-competent state. Further, its structural homologue EcIbpB induces the transition of EcIbpA to globules, thereby facilitating the substrate transfer to the HSP70-HSP100 system for refolding. The phytopathogenic Acholeplasma laidlawii possesses only a single sHSP, AlIbpA. Here, we demonstrate non-trivial features of the function and regulation of the chaperone-like activity of AlIbpA according to its interaction with other components of the mycoplasma multi-chaperone network. Our results show that the efficiency of the A. laidlawii multi-chaperone system is driven with the ability of AlIbpA to form both globular and fibrillar structures, thus combining functions of both IbpA and IbpB when transferring the substrate proteins to the HSP70-HSP100 system. In contrast to EcIbpA and EcIbpB, AlIbpA appears as an sHSP, in which the competition between the N- and C-terminal domains regulates the shift of the protein quaternary structure between a fibrillar and globular form, thus representing a molecular mechanism of its functional regulation. While the C-terminus of AlIbpA is responsible for fibrils formation and substrate capture, the N-terminus seems to have a similar function to EcIbpB through facilitating further substrate protein disaggregation using HSP70. Moreover, our results indicate that prior to the final disaggregation process, AlIbpA can directly transfer the substrate to HSP100, thereby representing an alternative mechanism in the HSP interaction network.
Advances and Prospects of Virus-Resistant Breeding in Tomatoes
Authors: Shahriari Zolfaghar , Su Xiaoxia , Zheng Kuanyu , Zhang Zhongkai
Published: October 2023

Plant viruses are the main pathogens which cause significant quality and yield losses in tomato crops. The important viruses that infect tomatoes worldwide belong to five genera: Begomovirus, Orthotospovirus, Tobamovirus, Potyvirus, and Crinivirus. Tomato resistance genes against viruses, including Ty gene resistance against begomoviruses, Sw gene resistance against orthotospoviruses, Tm gene resistance against tobamoviruses, and Pot 1 gene resistance against potyviruses, have been identified from wild germplasm and introduced into cultivated cultivars via hybrid breeding. However, these resistance genes mainly exhibit qualitative resistance mediated by single genes, which cannot protect against virus mutations, recombination, mixed-infection, or emerging viruses, thus posing a great challenge to tomato antiviral breeding. Based on the epidemic characteristics of tomato viruses, we propose that future studies on tomato virus resistance breeding should focus on rapidly, safely, and efficiently creating broad-spectrum germplasm materials resistant to multiple viruses. Accordingly, we summarized and analyzed the advantages and characteristics of the three tomato antiviral breeding strategies, including marker-assisted selection (MAS)-based hybrid breeding, RNA interference (RNAi)-based transgenic breeding, and CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing. Finally, we highlighted the challenges and provided suggestions for improving tomato antiviral breeding in the future using the three breeding strategies.
Testosterone and Prolactin Perturbations Possibly Associated with Reduced Levels of β-Arrestin1 in Mononuclear Leukocytes of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Authors: Nayyar Sanket , Archibong Anthony , Nayyar Tultul
Published: October 2023

Previously, we reported that a reduction in β-Arrestin1 protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) significantly correlated with the severity of depression symptoms in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). This study aimed to determine whether the reduced premenstrual β-Arrestin1 protein levels were associated with changes in the regulator for late luteal phase progesterone secretion. The study participants (n = 25) were non-pregnant women between 18 and 42 years of age not taking any antidepressants or receiving therapy and experiencing the luteal phase of menstruation. ELISA determined the β-Arrestin1 protein in PBMC; testosterone and prolactin levels from the plasma were determined by radioimmunoassay. Reduced levels of β-Arrestin1 protein in women with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores above 19 were observed alongside significantly higher plasma testosterone and prolactin concentrations. Understanding the mechanism underlying the initiation of PMDD will allow for identification of a key perturbed metabolic enzyme that can serve as a target for drug development to ensure the alleviation of PMDD, which has been suggested earlier as a risk factor for developing major depressive disorders.
Circulating microRNA Panels for Detection of Liver Cancers and Liver-Metastasizing Primary Cancers
Authors: Ranković Branislava , Hauptman Nina
Published: October 2023

Malignant liver tumors, including primary malignant liver tumors and liver metastases, are among the most frequent malignancies worldwide. The disease carries a poor prognosis and poor overall survival, particularly in cases involving liver metastases. Consequently, the early detection and precise differentiation of malignant liver tumors are of paramount importance for making informed decisions regarding patient treatment. Significant research efforts are currently directed towards the development of diagnostic tools for different types of cancer using minimally invasive techniques. A prominent area of focus within this research is the evaluation of circulating microRNA, for which dysregulated expression is well documented in different cancers. Combining microRNAs in panels using serum or plasma samples derived from blood holds great promise for better sensitivity and specificity for detection of certain types of cancer.
Potential Role of the Intratumoral Microbiota in Prognosis of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Hamada Masakazu , Inaba Hiroaki , Nishiyama Kyoko , Yoshida Sho , Yura Yoshiaki , Matsumoto-Nakano Michiyo , Uzawa Narikazu
Published: October 2023

The tumor microbiome, a relatively new research field, affects tumor progression through several mechanisms. The Cancer Microbiome Atlas (TCMA) database was recently published. In the present study, we used TCMA and The Cancer Genome Atlas and examined microbiome profiling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the role of the intratumoral microbiota in the prognosis of HNSCC patients, and differentially expressed genes in tumor cells in relation to specific bacterial infections. We investigated 18 microbes at the genus level that differed between solid normal tissue (n = 22) and primary tumors (n = 154). The tissue microbiome profiles of Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, and Rothia at the genus level differed between the solid normal tissue and primary tumors of HNSCC patients. When the prognosis of groups with rates over and under the median for each microbe at the genus level was examined, rates for Leptotrichia which were over the median correlated with significantly higher overall survival rates. We then extracted 35 differentially expressed genes between the over- and under-the-median-for-Leptotrichia groups based on the criteria of >1.5 fold and p < 0.05 in the Mann–Whitney U-test. A pathway analysis showed that these Leptotrichia-related genes were associated with the pathways of Alzheimer disease, neurodegeneration-multiple diseases, prion disease, MAPK signaling, and PI3K-Akt signaling, while protein–protein interaction analysis revealed that these genes formed a dense network. In conclusion, probiotics and specific antimicrobial therapy targeting Leptotrichia may have an impact on the prognosis of HNSCC.
Plasma Citrate Levels Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (Zodiac-64)
Authors: Bourgonje Arno R. , Connelly Margery A. , van Goor Harry , van Dijk Peter R. , Dullaart Robin P. F.
Published: October 2023

Circulating citrate may represent a proxy of mitochondrial dysfunction which plays a role in the development of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we determined the associations between plasma citrate levels and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in T2D patients. In this prospective cohort study, 601 patients were included who participated in the Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC). Plasma citrate levels were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the associations between plasma citrate and the risk of CV mortality. Over a median follow-up of 11.4 years, 119 (19.8%) of the 601 patients died from a CV cause. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for conventional risk factors, plasma citrate was associated with an increased risk of CV mortality (the hazard ratio (HR) per 1-SD increment was 1.19 (95%CI: 1.00–1.40), p = 0.048). This association was prominent in males (n = 49 with CV mortality) (HR 1.52 (95%CI: 1.14–2.03), p = 0.005), but not in females (n = 70 with CV mortality) (HR 1.11 (95%CI: 0.90–1.37), p = 0.319) (age-adjusted Pinteraction = 0.044). In conclusion, higher plasma citrate levels are associated with an increased risk of CV mortality in patients with established T2D. Future studies are warranted to unravel the potential role of citrate-related pathways in the pathogenesis of T2D-related vascular complications.
The Correlation between Retinal and Choroidal Thickness with Age-Related White Matter Hyperintensities in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: De Bernardo Maddalena , Diana Francesco , Gioia Marco , De Luca Martina , Tepedino Maria Francesca , Pellecchia Maria Teresa , Rosa Nicola , Barone Paolo , Picillo Marina
Published: October 2023

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease. Recently, several retinal layers in PSP compared to healthy controls. were found to be thinner. However, no studies evaluating the correlation between retinal layers and cerebral white matter changes, nor eventual choroidal changes in PSP, have been conducted so far. The goals of the present study were to explore potential differences in choroidal structure between PSP and healthy controls, and to describe the relationship between retinal layers’ thickness and volume, using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and age-related white matter change scores (ARWMC) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Choroidal structures of 26 PSP patients and 26 healthy controls using standard SD-OCT with an enhanced depth imaging (EDI) approach were analyzed; then, retinal the structures of 16 of these PSP patients using standard SD-OCT were examined; finally, the same patients underwent brain MRI, and their cerebral white matter changes were calculated. Non-statistically significant differences between PSP patients’ and healthy controls’ choroidal structure were found. On the contrary, PSP patients’ inner retinal layers (INR), retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and all retinal layers’ thicknesses in the macular region were found to be significantly correlated with ARWMC, independently from age and axial length (AL). PSP patients’ neurological alterations go hand in hand with retinal ones, independently from age and axial length. Our results suggest a mutual relationship between cerebral and retinal structure pathological alterations. On the other hand, no significant differences in the choroidal evaluation compared to healthy controls have been found.
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Patients with Cardiac Electronic Devices: Evidence from a Multicenter Study
Authors: Barison Andrea , Ricci Fabrizio , Pavon Anna Giulia , Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Bisaccia Giandomenico , Camastra Giovanni , De Lazzari Manuel , Lanzillo Chiara , Raguso Mario , Monti Lorenzo , Vargiu Sara , Pedrotti Patrizia , Piacenti Marcello , Todiere Giancarlo , Pontone Gianluca , Indolfi Ciro , Dellegrottaglie Santo , Lombardi Massimo , Schwitter Juerg , Aquaro Giovanni Donato ,   on behalf of the RICAMI Investigators (Risonanza Magnetica Cardiaca nei Portatori di PM/ICD),   on behalf of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance of the Italian Society of Cardiology
Published: October 2023

Background: Most recent cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) can safely undergo a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scan under certain conditions, but metal artifacts may degrade image quality. The aim of this study was to assess the overall diagnostic yield of CMR and the extent of metal artifacts in a multicenter, multivendor study on CIED patients referred for CMR. Methods: We analyzed 309 CMR scans from 292 patients (age 57 ± 16 years, 219 male) with an MR-conditional pacemaker (n = 122), defibrillator (n = 149), or loop recorder (n = 38); CMR scans were performed in 10 centers from 2012 to 2020; MR-unsafe implants were excluded. Clinical and device parameters were recorded before and after the CMR scan. A visual analysis of metal artifacts was performed for each sequence on a segmental basis, based on a 5-point artifact score. Results: The vast majority of CMR scans (n = 255, 83%) were completely performed, while only 32 (10%) were interrupted soon after the first sequences and 22 (7%) were only partly acquired; CMR quality was non-diagnostic in 34 (11%) scans, poor (<1/3 sequences were diagnostic) in 25 (8%), or acceptable (1/3 to 2/3 sequences were diagnostic) in 40 (13%), while most scans (n = 201, 68%) were of overall good quality. No adverse event or device malfunctioning occurred, and only nonsignificant changes in device parameters were recorded. The most affected sequences were SSFP (median score 0.32 [interquartile range 0.07–0.91]), followed by GRE (0.18 [0.02–0.59]) and LGE (0.14 [0.02–0.55]). ICDs induced more artifacts (median score in SSFP images 0.87 [0.50–1.46]) than PMs (0.11 [0.03–0.28]) or ILRs (0.11 [0.00–0.56]). Moreover, most artifacts were located in the anterior, anteroseptal, anterolateral, and apical segments of the LV and in the outflow tract of the RV. Conclusions: CMR is a versatile imaging technique, with a high safety profile and overall good image quality even in patients with MR-conditional CIEDs. Several strategies are now available to optimize image quality, substantially enhancing overall diagnostic yield.
Effect of Lipids on Diabetic Retinopathy in a Large Cohort of Diabetic Patients after 10 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Romero-Aroca Pedro , Verges Raquel , Pascual-Fontanilles Jordi , Valls Aida , Franch Josep , Barrot Joan , Mundet Xavier , La Torre Alex , Moreno Antonio , Sagarra Ramon , Basora Josep , Garcia-Curto Eugeni , Baget-Bernaldiz Marc
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of low vision and blindness in young adults of working age. Although the most important risk factors—such as the duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) and glycemic control measured by HbA1c—are known, the effects of lipids are not as clear. The aim of the present study is to analyze the effects of lipids on the development of DR. (2) Methods: This is a retrospective study of a population of 175,645 DM2 patients, during the period 2010 to 2020, in which the effects of different lipid factors are studied. (3) Results: The variables that most influenced the development of DR in our study, based on significance and cumulative hazard (CH), were arterial hypertension (CH 1.217, p < 0.001), HbA1c levels (CH 1.162, p = 0.001), microalbuminuria (CH 1.012, p < 0.001), LDL-C cholesterol (CH 1.007, p = 0.012), TC/HDL-C index (CH 1.092, p < 0.001), No-HDL-C/HDL-C index (CH 1.065, p = 0.002), the use of statins (CH 1.001, p = 0.005), and body mass index (CH 1.007, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: LDL-cholesterol, TC/HDL-C, and No-HDL-C/HDL-C indices are related to the development of DR, and there is a protective effect of HDL-cholesterol and the use of fibrates.
Design and Implementation of an Open-Source and Internet-of-Things-Based Health Monitoring System
Authors: Ashraf Sehrash , Khattak Shahnaz Parveen , Iqbal Mohammad Tariq
Published: October 2023

Across the globe, COVID-19 had far-reaching impacts that included healthcare facilities, public health, as well as all forms of transport. Hospitals were experiencing staffing shortages at the same time as patients were experiencing healthcare issues. Consequently, even in developing countries without full access to technology, remote health monitoring became necessary. There was a greater severity of the pandemic in countries with fewer financial and technical resources. It became evident that such remote health monitoring systems that not only allowed the user to monitor their basic health information, but also to communicate that information to healthcare personnel, were essential. In this article, we present an open-source, Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based health monitoring system that is intended to mitigate the basic healthcare challenges posed by remote areas of developing countries. To facilitate remote health monitoring, an IoT server has been configured on an ESP32 chip as part of this study. The microcontroller was also connected to a Max 30100 sensor, a DHT11 sensor, and a global positioning system GPS module. As a result of this, the user is able to measure the heart rate (HR), blood oxygen level (SpO2), human body temperature, ambient temperature and humidity, as well as the location of the user. Through the internet protocol, the important vital signs can be displayed in real time on the dashboard using a private communication network. This article presents the details of a complete system design, implementation, testing, and results. Such systems can help limit the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19.
Estimation of Water Quality Parameters in Oligotrophic Coastal Waters Using Uncrewed-Aerial-Vehicle-Obtained Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Galešić Divić Morena , Kvesić Ivanković Marija , Divić Vladimir , Kišević Mak , Panić Marko , Lugonja Predrag , Crnojević Vladimir , Andričević Roko
Published: October 2023

Water quality monitoring in coastal areas and estuaries poses significant challenges due to the intricate interplay of hydrodynamic, chemical, and biological processes, regardless of the chosen monitoring methods. In this study, we analyzed the applicability of different monitoring sources using in situ data, uncrewed-aerial-vehicle (UAV)-mounted hyperspectral sensing, and Sentinel-2-based multispectral imagery. In the first part of the study, we evaluated the applicability of existing empirical algorithms for water quality (WQ) parameter retrieval using hyperspectral, simulated multispectral, and satellite multispectral datasets and in situ measurements. In particular, we focused on three optically active WQ parameters: chlorophyll a (Chl,a), turbidity (TUR), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in oligotrophic coastal waters. We observed that most existing algorithms performed poorly when applied to different reflectance datasets, similar to previous findings in small and optically complex water bodies. Hence, we proposed a novel set of locally based empirical algorithms tailored for determining water quality parameters, which constituted the second part of our study. The newly developed regression-based algorithms utilized all possible combinations of spectral bands derived from UAV-generated hyperspectral data and exhibited coefficients of determination exceeding 0.9 for the three considered WQ parameters. The presented two-part approach was demonstrated in the semi-enclosed area of Kaštela Bay and the Jadro River estuary in the Central Eastern Adriatic Sea. This study introduces a promising and efficient screening method for UAV-based water quality monitoring in coastal areas worldwide. Such an approach may support decision-making processes related to coastal management and ultimately contribute to the conservation of coastal water ecosystems.
Morphological Modelling to Investigate the Role of External Sediment Sources and Wind and Wave-Induced Flow on Sand Bank Sustainability: An Arklow Bank Case Study
Authors: Creane Shauna , O’Shea Michael , Coughlan Mark , Murphy Jimmy
Published: October 2023

Offshore anthropogenic activities such as the installation of Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) developments and sediment extraction for marine aggregates have been shown to disrupt current flow, wave propagation, and sediment transport pathways, leading to potential environmental instability. Due to the complexity of the interconnected sediment transport pathways in the south-western Irish Sea combined with an increase in planned anthropogenic activities, the assessment of this risk is imperative for the development of a robust marine spatial plan. Subsequently, this study uses two-dimensional morphological modelling to build upon previous studies to assess the dependency of Arklow Bank’s local sediment transport regime on external sediment sources. Additionally, scenario modelling is used to identify vulnerable areas of this offshore linear sand bank to wind and wave-forcing and to examine the nature of this impact. A sediment budget is estimated for Arklow Bank, whereby seven source and nine sink pathways are identified. New evidence to support the exchange of sediment between offshore sand banks and offshore independent sand wave fields is also provided. The areas of the bank most vulnerable to changes in external sediment sources and the addition of wind- and wave-induced flow are analogous. These high vulnerability zones (HVZs) align with regions of residual cross-flow under pure current conditions. The restriction of sediment sources off the southern extent of Arklow Bank impacts erosion and accretion patterns in the mid- and northern sections of the bank after just one lunar month of simulation. Where tidal current is the primary driver of sand bank morphodynamics, wind- and wave-induced flow is shown to temporarily alter sediment distribution patterns. Wind and wave-induced flow can both accelerate and decelerate the east-west fluctuation of the upper slopes of the bank, yet the nature of this impact is inconsistent due to the misalignment of the directionality of these two forces. The methods and new knowledge derived from this study are directly applicable to tidally-dominated environments outside the Irish Sea.
Effects of Revenue-Sharing Contracts and Overconfidence on Innovation for Key Components
Authors: Wei Chengli , Chen Hongzhuan , Kang Yuanfei
Published: October 2023

Revenue-sharing (RS) contracts are a common approach in incentivizing innovation of upstream suppliers by addressing the uneven profit distribution between upstream and downstream firms. Considering the possible overconfidence characterizing decision makers in the supply chain, we investigate the effect of the RS contract and the tendency of overconfidence of supply chain members on the investment in R&D of key components of products in the context of an upstream supplier that is a leader in the R&D and production of key components. We find that regardless of the bargaining power of either party, an RS contract can increase the R&D investment in key components. Regarding the effects of overconfidence of either the downstream manufacturer or upstream supplier, an RS contract can increase the R&D investment in key components. Supplier (manufacturer) overconfidence can harm their own profits but increase the profits of the manufacturer (supplier), and when the level of overconfidence is below a certain threshold, the damage to their own profits is less than the increase in each other’s profits, thus benefiting the whole supply chain. In addition, we also find a joint effect of RS contracts and overconfidence: when the bargaining power of the supplier is low, the RS contract has a certain compensatory effect on the loss of their own profits caused by overconfidence.
Does Environmental Aid Make a Difference? Analyzing Its Impact in Developing Countries
Authors: McCarthy Chris , Sternberg Troy , Banda Lumbani Benedicto
Published: October 2023

Amidst escalating global environmental challenges, does environmental aid drive tangible conservation outcomes in developing countries or does it merely perpetuate the rift between economic ambition and environmental responsibility? Using a comprehensive ten-year dataset from the OECD, World Bank, Climate Watch, and the Climate Change Laws of the World database, we analyze the relationship between environmental aid and environmental conservation outcomes in recipient countries. Our results indicate that although aid can influence policy development, there is a weak correlation with outcomes such as increased forest cover, expansion of protected areas, and reduced CO2 emissions. Moreover, the pronounced roles of GDP and population in shaping these outcomes underline the complex interplay of environmental challenges with economic growth and demographic shifts. This dynamic, coupled with the evident mismatch between environmental aid delivery and tangible conservation improvements, emphasizes the need to reconsider current aid distribution strategies. In light of current environmental challenges, this research offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of environmental aid in developing countries and suggests a way forward for more targeted and impactful conservation efforts.
Revitalizing the Biochemical Soil Properties of Degraded Coastal Soil Using Prosopis juliflora Biochar
Authors: Alkharabsheh Hiba M. , Mwadalu Riziki , Mochoge Benson , Danga Benjamin , Raza Muhammad Ali , Seleiman Mahmoud F. , Khan Naeem , Gitari Harun
Published: October 2023

Biochar is an effective soil amendment with capabilities of boosting carbon sequestration and enhancing soil fertility, thus enhancing plant growth and productivity. While numerous studies have documented the positive effects of biochar on improving soil properties, a number of studies have reported conflicting results. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of Prosopis juliflora biochar (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 t ha−1) on soil biochemical properties in Coastal Kenya to ascertain biochar’s potential for soil fertility improvement. A randomized complete block design was used for setting up the experiment with three replicates, while Casuarina equisetifolia L. was planted as the test crop. Soil sampling for nutrient analysis was conducted quarterly for 12 months to assess nutrient dynamics under different biochar rates in the current study. Compared to soil untreated with Prosopis juliflora biochar, the results showed that there was a significant increase in soil pH by 21% following biochar utilization at the rate of 7.5 t ha−1. Total nitrogen was increased by 32% after the biochar application, whereas the total organic carbon was increased by four folds in comparison to biochar-untreated soil. Available phosphorus was increased by 264% following biochar application in comparison to the control treatment. In addition, the application of biochar resulted in an increment in the soil exchangeable cations (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+) across the assessment periods. Soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), bacteria and fungi were enhanced by 95, 33 and 48%, respectively, following biochar application at 7.5 t ha−1 in comparison to untreated soil. In conclusion, these results strongly suggest improvement of soil biochemical properties following Prosopis juliflora biochar application, thus providing potential for soil fertility improvement in regions such as the one in the study.
Innovative Biosensing Approaches for Swift Identification of Candida Species, Intrusive Pathogenic Organisms
Authors: Lorenzo-Villegas Dionisio Lorenzo , Gohil Namra Vinay , Lamo Paula , Gurajala Swathi , Bagiu Iulia Cristina , Vulcanescu Dan Dumitru , Horhat Florin George , Sorop Virgiliu Bogdan , Diaconu Mircea , Sorop Madalina Ioana , Oprisoni Andrada , Horhat Razvan Mihai , Susan Monica , MohanaSundaram ArunSundar
Published: October 2023

Candida is the largest genus of medically significant fungi. Although most of its members are commensals, residing harmlessly in human bodies, some are opportunistic and dangerously invasive. These have the ability to cause severe nosocomial candidiasis and candidemia that affect the viscera and bloodstream. A prompt diagnosis will lead to a successful treatment modality. The smart solution of biosensing technologies for rapid and precise detection of Candida species has made remarkable progress. The development of point-of-care (POC) biosensor devices involves sensor precision down to pico-/femtogram level, cost-effectiveness, portability, rapidity, and user-friendliness. However, futuristic diagnostics will depend on exploiting technologies such as multiplexing for high-throughput screening, CRISPR, artificial intelligence (AI), neural networks, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing of medical databases. This review gives an insight into different biosensor technologies designed for the detection of medically significant Candida species, especially Candida albicans and C. auris, and their applications in the medical setting.
A Preliminary Study on the Improvement of Gangue/Tailing Cemented Fill by Bentonite: Flow Properties, Mechanical Properties and Permeability
Authors: Wang Hongsheng , Chen Dengfeng , Guo Ruihong , Tian Jiahao , Li Bin
Published: October 2023

Backfill mining has significant advantages in safe mining, solid waste utilization and ecological environmental protection, but solid waste materials (tailings, gangue and coal gasification slag, etc.), as derivative residues of the chemical and metallurgical industries, contain a large number of heavy metal elements, which is posing great challenges to the underground environment after backfill. In order to study the feasibility of bentonite for reducing the permeability of gangue/tailing sand cemented backfill body, relevant tests were carried out from the basic performance index, flow performance and mechanical properties of paste backfill materials. The test results show that bentonite has a significant effect on the water secretion rate of cemented fillers, and also promotes the improvement of slump and diffusion diameter of backfill slurry. The enhancement effect of mechanical properties in the early stage is not obvious, mainly concentrated in the middle and late stages of specimen curing. With the increase of bentonite content, the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength increased from 7.1 MPa and 7.9 MPa to 8.7 MPa and 9.0 MPa, respectively. Bentonite is filled between the pores of the cemented backfill with its fine particles and water swelling, which can reduce the porosity and permeability of the gangue and tailings cemented backfill. Therefore, on the premise of satisfying the flow and mechanical properties of paste backfill, bentonite can be used to improve the permeability of cemented backfill and reduce the leaching and migration of heavy metal ions.
A Method for Predicting the Creep Rupture Life of Small-Sample Materials Based on Parametric Models and Machine Learning Models
Authors: Zhang Xu , Yao Jianyao , Wu Yulin , Liu Xuyang , Wang Changyin , Liu Hao
Published: October 2023

In view of the differences in the applicability and prediction ability of different creep rupture life prediction models, we propose a creep rupture life prediction method in this paper. Various time–temperature parametric models, machine learning models, and a new method combining time–temperature parametric models with machine learning models are used to predict the creep rupture life of a small-sample material. The prediction accuracy of each model is quantitatively compared using model evaluation indicators (RMSE, MAPE, R2), and the output values of the most accurate model are used as the output values of the prediction method. The prediction method not only improves the applicability and accuracy of creep rupture life predictions but also quantifies the influence of each input variable on creep rupture life through the machine learning model. A new method is proposed in order to effectively take advantage of both advanced machine learning models and classical time–temperature parametric models. Parametric equations of creep rupture life, stress, and temperature are obtained using different time–temperature parametric models; then, creep rupture life data, obtained via equations under other temperature and stress conditions, are used to expand the training set data of different machine learning models. By expanding the data of different intervals, the problem of the low accuracy of the machine learning model for the small-sample material is solved.
Comparative Analysis and Safety Evaluation of Shield Segment Structure Model under Surcharge Loading
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Jiang Yan , Li Xiaolong , Zang Quansheng , Yue Jinchao
Published: October 2023

In shield tunneling projects, the selection of an accurate model to calculate the mechanical response of segment structure plays a crucial role in the design and cost of the project. The shell–spring and beam–spring models are two widely used methods for this purpose. However, it is still not clear how accurate and different these models are in calculation results under surcharge load. Therefore, to accurately calculate the internal forces and deformation of the segment structure and clarify the difference between the two models’ results, the shell–spring and beam–spring models were established based on a subway shield tunnel project in Zhengzhou city. The reliability of the models was verified by comparing and analyzing the differences in deformation results between the models and field measurements. Furthermore, the safety of the segment structure was evaluated according to the ultimate bearing capacity of the normal section. The results declare that: (1) In the shell–spring model, the internal force gradually reduces from the edges towards the center of the segment width, and the shield segment exhibits a prominent non-plane strain state. (2) The internal force of the beam–spring model is larger than that of the shell–spring model. The axial force difference between the two models is relatively small; meanwhile, there is a larger disparity in the bending moment. However, with an increase in surcharge loading, the discrepancy in internal forces between the two models gradually decreases. (3) The calculation results of the shell–spring model are close to the field-measured values and the shield tunnel model test values, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of the shell–spring model. Therefore, it is more reasonable to use the shell–spring model to calculate the mechanical response of the segment structure. (4) With an increase in surcharge loading, the safety of the shield tunnel decreases gradually. Therefore, surcharge loading above the shield tunnel should be reasonably controlled to meet the requirements of the normal use of the shield segment. This manuscript aims to provide a reference for the future design and optimization of the shield tunnels’ lining structure.
Study on Human Motion Energy Harvesting Devices: A Review
Authors: Lin Wenzhou , Wei Yuchen , Wang Xupeng , Zhai Kangjia , Ji Xiaomin
Published: October 2023

With the increasing utilization of portable electronic devices and wearable technologies, the field of human motion energy harvesting has gained significant attention. These devices have the potential to efficiently convert the mechanical energy generated by human motion into electrical energy, enabling a continuous power supply for low-power devices. This paper provides an overview of the fundamental principles underlying various energy harvesting modes, including friction-based, electromagnetic, and piezoelectric mechanisms, and categorizes existing energy harvesting devices accordingly. Furthermore, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of key techniques in energy harvesting, such as mode selection, efficiency enhancement, miniaturized design of devices, and evaluation of energy harvesting experiments. It also compares the distinct characteristics of different energy harvesting modes. Finally, the paper summarizes the challenges faced by these devices in terms of integrating human biomechanics, achieving higher energy harvesting efficiencies, facilitating micro-miniaturization, enabling composite designs, and exploring broader applications. Moreover, it offers insights into the future development of human motion energy harvesting technology, laying a theoretical framework and providing a reference for future research endeavors in this field.
Evaluating the Role of Machine Learning in Defense Applications and Industry
Authors: Alcántara Suárez Evaldo Jorge , Monzon Baeza Victor
Published: October 2023

Machine learning (ML) has become a critical technology in the defense sector, enabling the development of advanced systems for threat detection, decision making, and autonomous operations. However, the increasing ML use in defense systems has raised ethical concerns related to accountability, transparency, and bias. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of ML on the defense sector, including the benefits and drawbacks of using ML in various applications such as surveillance, target identification, and autonomous weapons systems. We also discuss the ethical implications of using ML in defense, focusing on privacy, accountability, and bias issues. Finally, we present recommendations for mitigating these ethical concerns, including increased transparency, accountability, and stakeholder involvement in designing and deploying ML systems in the defense sector.
A Functional Data Approach for Continuous-Time Analysis Subject to Modeling Discrepancy under Infill Asymptotics
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Yixuan , Tian Renfang
Published: October 2023

Parametric continuous-time analysis often entails derivations of continuous-time models from predefined discrete formulations. However, undetermined convergence rates of frequency-dependent parameters can result in ill-defined continuous-time limits, leading to modeling discrepancy, which impairs the reliability of fitting and forecasting. To circumvent this issue, we propose a simple solution based on functional data analysis (FDA) and truncated Taylor series expansions. It is demonstrated through a simulation study that our proposed method is superior—compared with misspecified parametric methods—in fitting and forecasting continuous-time stochastic processes, while the parametric method slightly dominates under correct specification, with comparable forecast errors to the FDA-based method. Due to its generally consistent and more robust performance against possible misspecification, the proposed FDA-based method is recommended in the presence of modeling discrepancy. Further, we apply the proposed method to predict the future return of the S&P 500, utilizing observations extracted from a latent continuous-time process, and show the practical efficacy of our approach in accurately discerning the underlying dynamics.
Predicting Glycemic Control in a Small Cohort of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Neamtu Bogdan , Negrea Mihai Octavian , Neagu Iuliana
Published: October 2023

Type 1 diabetes, a chronic condition characterized by insulin deficiency, is associated with various complications and reduced life expectancy and is increasing in global prevalence. Maintaining glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes, as reflected by glycated hemoglobin levels (A1C), is a challenging task. The American Association of Diabetes (ADA), the Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the International Diabetes Federation (ISPAD) recommend the adoption of a harmonized A1C of <7.5% across all pediatric groups. Our retrospective study included 79 children with type 1 diabetes and aimed to identify determinants pivotal to forecasting glycemic control, focusing on a single A1C cut-off value and exploring how machine learning algorithms can enhance clinical understanding, particularly with smaller sample sizes. Bivariate analysis identified correlations between glycemic control and disease duration, body mass index (BMI) Z-score at onset, A1C at onset above 7.5 g/dL, family income, living environment, maternal education level, episodes of ketoacidosis, and elevated cholesterol or triglyceride. Binary logistic regression stressed the association of ketoacidosis episodes (β = 21.1, p < 0.01) and elevated A1C levels at onset (β = 3.12, p < 0.01) and yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.916. Two-step clustering emphasized socioeconomic factors, as well as disease complications and comorbidities, and delineated clusters based on these traits. The classification and regression tree (CART) yielded an AUROC of 0.954, slightly outperforming binary regression, providing a comprehensive view of interactions between disease characteristics, comorbidities, and socioeconomic status. Common to all methods were predictors regarding ketoacidosis episodes, the onset of A1C levels, and family income, signifying their overarching importance in glycaemic control. While logistic regression quantified risk, CART visually elucidated complex interactions and two-step clustering exposed patient subgroups that might require different intervention strategies, highlighting how the complementary nature of these analytical methods can enrich clinical interpretation.
Recent Advances in Polypeptide Antibiotics Derived from Marine Microorganisms
Authors: Wang Wei , Gu Liting , Wang Jiahao , Hu Xubin , Wei Bin , Zhang Huawei , Wang Hong , Chen Jianwei
Published: October 2023

In the post-antibiotic era, the rapid development of antibiotic resistance and the shortage of available antibiotics are triggering a new health-care crisis. The discovery of novel and potent antibiotics to extend the antibiotic pipeline is urgent. Small-molecule antimicrobial peptides have a wide variety of antimicrobial spectra and multiple innovative antimicrobial mechanisms due to their rich structural diversity. Consequently, they have become a new research hotspot and are considered to be promising candidates for next-generation antibiotics. Therefore, we have compiled a collection of small-molecule antimicrobial peptides derived from marine microorganisms from the last fifteen years to show the recent advances in this field. We categorize these compounds into three classes—cyclic oligopeptides, cyclic depsipeptides, and cyclic lipopeptides—according to their structural features, and present their sources, structures, and antimicrobial spectrums, with a discussion of the structure activity relationships and mechanisms of action of some compounds.
More Than Meets the Eye: A Case of Breast Cancer Switching from Being Luminal-Androgen-Receptor-Positive to Being Hormone-Receptor-Positive
Authors: Martorana Federica , Di Grazia Giuseppe , Rosano Giovanni Nunzio , Vecchio Giada Maria , Conti Chiara , Nucera Sabrina , Magro Gaetano , Vigneri Paolo
Published: October 2023

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents about 15% of all breast cancers and is usually characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and a poor prognosis. Four TNBC subgroups have been previously defined with different molecular profiles: (i) luminal androgen receptor (LAR), (ii) mesenchymal (MES), (iii) basal-like immunosuppressed (BLIS) and (iv) basal-like immune-activated (BLIA). Among these, LAR is characterized by the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), and exhibits genomic characteristics that resemble luminal breast cancers, with a still undefined prognosis and clinical behavior. Here, we report a case of a woman affected by recurring LAR TNBC, which underwent phenotypic changes throughout its natural history. After the initial diagnosis of LAR breast cancer, the patient experienced local recurrence with strong expression of the estrogen receptor. Due to this finding, she started treatment with a CDK4/6-inhibitor and an aromatase inhibitor, followed by oral vinorelbine, both with dismal outcomes. Then, she received everolimus and exemestane, which determined temporary disease stabilization. An extensive NGS analysis of tumor tissue showed PIK3CA and HER2 mutations. Our case is consistent with previous reports of LAR breast cancer and underlines the potential utility of re-biopsy and molecular testing in breast cancer (BC), especially in rare subtypes.
Toxic Effects of Penetrating Cations
Authors: Sokolov Svyatoslav , Zyrina Anna , Akimov Sergey , Knorre Dmitry , Severin Fedor
Published: October 2023

As mitochondria are negatively charged organelles, penetrating cations are used as parts of chimeric molecules to deliver specific compounds into mitochondria. In other words, they are used as electrophilic carriers for such chemical moieties as antioxidants, dyes, etc., to transfer them inside mitochondria. However, unmodified penetrating cations affect different aspects of cellular physiology as well. In this review, we have attempted to summarise the data about the side effects of commonly used natural (e.g., berberine) and artificial (e.g., tetraphenylphosphonium, rhodamine, methylene blue) penetrating cations on cellular physiology. For instance, it was shown that such types of molecules can (1) facilitate proton transport across membranes; (2) react with redox groups of the respiratory chain; (3) induce DNA damage; (4) interfere with pleiotropic drug resistance; (5) disturb membrane integrity; and (6) inhibit enzymes. Also, the products of the biodegradation of penetrating cations can be toxic. As penetrating cations accumulate in mitochondria, their toxicity is mostly due to mitochondrial damage. Mitochondria from certain types of cancer cells appear to be especially sensitive to penetrating cations. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of the toxic effects and the anti-cancer activity of penetrating cations.
Productivity and Thermal Performance Enhancements of Hollow Fiber Water Gap Membrane Distillation Modules Using Helical Fiber Configuration: 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling
Authors: Elbessomy Mohamed O. , Elsheniti Mahmoud B. , Elsherbiny Samy M. , Rezk Ahmed , Elsamni Osama A.
Published: October 2023

Although hollow fiber water gap membrane distillation (HF-WGMD) units offer certain advantages over other MD desalination systems, they still require enhancements in terms of distillate flux and productivity. Therefore, this work proposes a novel configuration by incorporating the helical turns of HF membranes within the water gap channel of the HF-WGMD modules. A fully coupled 3D CFD model is developed and validated to simulate the multifaceted energy conservations and diffusion mechanisms that are inherent to the transport phenomena in the proposed HF-WGMD module. Single and double helical HF membrane designs with different numbers of turns are compared to the reference modules of single and double straight HF membrane designs under various operational conditions. At a feed temperature of 70 °C, a noteworthy 11.4% enhancement in the distillate flux is observed when employing 20 helical turns, compared to the single straight HF membrane module. Furthermore, the specific productivity revealed a maximum enhancement of 46.2% when using 50 helical turns. The thermal performance of the proposed HF-WGMD module shows higher energy savings of up to 35% in specific thermal energy consumption for a one-stage module. Using three stages of single helical modules can increase the gain output ratio from 0.17 for the single stage to 0.37, which represents an increase of 117.6%. These findings indicate the high potential of the proposed approach in advancing the performance of HF-WGMD systems.