bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brazilian fossils reveal homoplasy in the oldest mammalian jaw joint
Authors: Rawson James R. G. , Martinelli Agustín G. , Gill Pamela G. , Soares Marina B. , Schultz Cesar L. , Rayfield Emily J.
Published: September 2024

The acquisition of the load-bearing dentary–squamosal jaw joint was a key step in mammalian evolution1–5. Although this innovation has received decades of study, questions remain over when and how frequently a mammalian-like skull–jaw contact evolved, hindered by a paucity of three-dimensional data spanning the non-mammaliaform cynodont–mammaliaform transition. New discoveries of derived non-mammaliaform probainognathian cynodonts from South America have much to offer to this discussion. Here, to address this issue, we used micro-computed-tomography scanning to reconstruct the jaw joint anatomy of three key probainognathian cynodonts: Brasilodon quadrangularis, the sister taxon to Mammaliaformes6–8, the tritheledontid-related Riograndia guaibensis9 and the tritylodontid Oligokyphus major. We find homoplastic evolution in the jaw joint in the approach to mammaliaforms, with ictidosaurs (Riograndia plus tritheledontids) independently evolving a dentary–squamosal contact approximately 17 million years before this character first appears in mammaliaforms of the Late Triassic period10–12. Brasilodon, contrary to previous descriptions6–8, lacks an incipient dentary condyle and squamosal glenoid and the jaws articulate solely using a plesiomorphic quadrate–articular joint. We postulate that the jaw joint underwent marked evolutionary changes in probainognathian cynodonts. Some probainognathian clades independently acquired ‘double’ craniomandibular contacts, with mammaliaforms attaining a fully independent dentary–squamosal articulation with a conspicuous dentary condyle and squamosal glenoid in the Late Triassic. The dentary–squamosal contact, which is traditionally considered to be a typical mammalian feature, therefore evolved more than once and is more evolutionary labile than previously considered.
Integration of variant annotations using deep set networks boosts rare variant association testing
Authors: Clarke Brian , Holtkamp Eva , Öztürk Hakime , Mück Marcel , Wahlberg Magnus , Meyer Kayla , Munzlinger Felix , Brechtmann Felix , Hölzlwimmer Florian R. , Lindner Jonas , Chen Zhifen , Gagneur Julien , Stegle Oliver
Published: September 2024

Rare genetic variants can have strong effects on phenotypes, yet accounting for rare variants in genetic analyses is statistically challenging due to the limited number of allele carriers and the burden of multiple testing. While rich variant annotations promise to enable well-powered rare variant association tests, methods integrating variant annotations in a data-driven manner are lacking. Here we propose deep rare variant association testing (DeepRVAT), a model based on set neural networks that learns a trait-agnostic gene impairment score from rare variant annotations and phenotypes, enabling both gene discovery and trait prediction. On 34 quantitative and 63 binary traits, using whole-exome-sequencing data from UK Biobank, we find that DeepRVAT yields substantial gains in gene discoveries and improved detection of individuals at high genetic risk. Finally, we demonstrate how DeepRVAT enables calibrated and computationally efficient rare variant tests at biobank scale, aiding the discovery of genetic risk factors for human disease traits.
The origin and implications of primordial helium depletion in the Afar mantle plume
Authors: Balci Ugur , Stuart Finlay M. , Barrat Jean-Alix , Grima Antoniette G. , van der Zwan Froukje M.
Published: September 2024

Mantle plumes are responsible for the Earth’s largest volcanic provinces. In the prevailing paradigm, the deep mantle is less degassed than convecting shallow mantle, implying that plume-derived lavas have higher concentrations of primordial volatiles such as helium (He). Demonstrating this has led to explanations that question the established Earth model. Here, we show that the 3He/4He of basalts from the Red Sea display coherent relationships with trace elements, allowing the helium concentration of the Afar plume to be calculated. Contrary to the prevailing model it appears the helium concentration of the Afar plume is 10-25% of the upper mantle. This contradiction is resolved if the plume material itself is a mixture of helium-rich high-3He/4He deep mantle with helium-depleted low-3He/4He recently subducted oceanic crust. This implies that helium-depleted domains may exist in convecting mantle and that moderately high 3He/4He plumes likely do not contain a notable contribution of the deep mantle.
Egalitarian preferences in young children depend on the genders of the interacting partners
Authors: van Wingerden Marijn , Oberließen Lina , Kalenscher Tobias
Published: September 2024

In decisions between equal and unequal resource distributions, women are often believed to be more prosocial than men. Previous research showed that fairness attitudes develop in childhood, but their—possibly gendered, developmental trajectory remains unclear. We hypothesised that gender-related fairness attitudes might depend not only on the gender of the Allocator, but also on that of the Recipient. To examine this, we tested 332 three to 8-year-old children in a paired resource allocation task, with both boys and girls acting as Allocators and Recipients. We indeed found gender-related effects: girls more than boys aimed to reduce advantageous inequity, and Allocators of both genders were more averse against male Recipients being better off. Notably, older girls exhibited an envy bias, i.e., they tolerated disadvantageous inequity more when the resource allocation was in favour of other girls than when it favoured boys. We also observed a gender-related spite gap in boys aged 7-8: unlike girls, boys treated other boys with spite, i.e., they valued unfair distributions in their own favour over equal outcomes, especially if rejecting advantageous inequity was costly. This pattern hints at contextualised gender-related fairness preferences that evolve with age that could depend on same- and cross-gender past interaction experiences.
m6A mRNA methylation by METTL14 regulates early pancreatic cell differentiation
Authors: Kahraman Sevim , De Jesus Dario F , Wei Jiangbo , Brown Natalie K , Zou Zhongyu , Hu Jiang , Pirouz Mehdi , Gregory Richard I , He Chuan , Kulkarni Rohit N
Published: September 2024

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant chemical modification in mRNA and plays important roles in human and mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency, maintenance, and differentiation. We have recently reported that m6A is involved in the postnatal control of β-cell function in physiological states and in type 1 and 2 diabetes. However, the precise mechanisms by which m6A acts to regulate the development of human and mouse pancreas are unexplored. Here, we show that the m6A landscape is dynamic during human pancreas development, and that METTL14, one of the m6A writer complex proteins, is essential for the early differentiation of both human and mouse pancreatic cells.
miRNA-mediated gene silencing in Drosophila larval development involves GW182-dependent and independent mechanisms
Authors: Matsuura-Suzuki Eriko , Kiyokawa Kaori , Iwasaki Shintaro , Tomari Yukihide
Published: September 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate a wide variety of biological processes by silencing their target genes. Argonaute (AGO) proteins load miRNAs to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which mediates translational repression and/or mRNA decay of the targets. A scaffold protein called GW182 directly binds AGO and the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex, initiating the mRNA decay reaction. Although previous studies have demonstrated the critical role of GW182 in cultured cells as well as in cell-free systems, its biological significance in living organisms remains poorly explored, especially in Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we generated gw182-null flies using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that, unexpectedly, they can survive until an early second-instar larval stage. Moreover, in vivo miRNA reporters can be effectively repressed in gw182-null first-instar larvae. Nevertheless, gw182-null flies have defects in the expression of chitin-related genes and the formation of the larval trachea system, preventing them from completing larval development. Our results highlight the importance of both GW182-dependent and -independent silencing mechanisms in vivo.
Kinesin-1 mediates proper ER folding of the CaV1.2 channel and maintains mouse glucose homeostasis
Authors: Tanaka Yosuke , Farkhondeh Atena , Yang Wenxing , Ueno Hitoshi , Noda Mitsuhiko , Hirokawa Nobutaka
Published: September 2024

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic beta cells is a principal mechanism for systemic glucose homeostasis, of which regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. Here we show that kinesin molecular motor KIF5B is essential for GSIS through maintaining the voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.2 levels, by facilitating an Hsp70-to-Hsp90 chaperone exchange to pass through the quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Phenotypic analyses of KIF5B conditional knockout (cKO) mouse beta cells revealed significant abolishment of glucose-stimulated calcium transients, which altered the behaviors of insulin granules via abnormally stabilized cortical F-actin. KIF5B and Hsp90 colocalize to microdroplets on ER sheets, where CaV1.2 but not Kir6.2 is accumulated. In the absence of KIF5B, CaV1.2 fails to be transferred from Hsp70 to Hsp90 via STIP1, and is likely degraded via the proteasomal pathway. KIF5B and Hsc70 overexpression increased CaV1.2 expression via enhancing its chaperone binding. Thus, ER sheets may serve as the place of KIF5B- and Hsp90-dependent chaperone exchange, which predominantly facilitates CaV1.2 production in beta cells and properly enterprises GSIS against diabetes.
Two distinct regulatory pathways govern Cct2-Atg8 binding in the process of solid aggrephagy
Authors: Chen Yuting , Liu Zhaojie , Zhang Yi , Ye Miao , Chen Yingcong , Gao Jianhua , Song Juan , Yang Huan , Wu Choufei , Yao Weijing , Bai Xue , Fan Mingzhu , Feng Shan , Wang Yigang , Zhang Liqin , Ge Liang , Feng Du , Yi Cong
Published: September 2024

CCT2 serves as an aggrephagy receptor that plays a crucial role in the clearance of solid aggregates, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms by which CCT2 regulates solid aggrephagy are not fully understood. Here we report that the binding of Cct2 to Atg8 is governed by two distinct regulatory mechanisms: Atg1-mediated Cct2 phosphorylation and the interaction between Cct2 and Atg11. Atg1 phosphorylates Cct2 at Ser412 and Ser470, and disruption of these phosphorylation sites impairs solid aggrephagy by hindering Cct2-Atg8 binding. Additionally, we observe that Atg11, an adaptor protein involved in selective autophagy, directly associates with Cct2 through its CC4 domain. Deficiency in this interaction significantly weakens the association of Cct2 with Atg8. The requirement of Atg1-mediated Cct2 phosphorylation and of Atg11 for CCT2-LC3C binding and subsequent aggrephagy is conserved in mammalian cells. These findings provide insights into the crucial roles of Atg1-mediated Cct2 phosphorylation and Atg11-Cct2 binding as key mediators governing the interaction between Cct2 and Atg8 during the process of solid aggrephagy.
Promising vaccine models against astrovirus MLB2 using integrated vaccinomics and immunoinformatics approaches
Authors: Ali Syed Luqman , Ali Awais , Ullah Waseef , Khan Asifullah , Khatrawi Elham Mohammed , Malik Abdul , Abduldayeva Aigul , Baiduissenova Aliya , Althagafi Hind Jaber , Fallatah Deema
Published: September 2024

Integrated vaccinomics and immunoinformatics-guided promising vaccine model prioritization against meningitis and disseminated infection-associated astrovirus MLB2.
Hydrogen-bonded frameworks for conformational analysis of reactive substrates
Authors: Dillon Alexandra M. , Shtukenberg Alexander G. , Demkiw Krystyna M. , Woerpel K. A. , Ward Michael D.
Published: September 2024

Encapsulation of liquid guest molecules in hydrogen-bonded frameworks permits analysis of their preferred conformations through single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Identification and detection of conserved G-quadruplex in monkeypox virus using conformation specific fluorogenic probe
Authors: Pratihar Sumon , Venkatesh Ramjayakumar , Mattath Mohamed Nabeel , Govindaraju Thimmaiah
Published: September 2024

A highly conserved G-quadruplex DNA sequence exclusive to the monkeypox virus (MPV) is characterized and selectively detected using a tailored fluorogenic molecular probe.
N-Iodophthalimide as a halogen bond donor, a comparison with N-iodosuccinimide and N-iodosaccharin
Authors: Jeon Ie-Rang , Jeannin Olivier , Robert Antoine , Barrière Frédéric , Fourmigué Marc
Published: September 2024

The halogen bond (HaB) donor ability of N-iodophthalimide (NIPht) is evaluated in its crystal structure, in its neutral adducts with different pyridines, and in its anionic symmetric complex with the phthalimidate anion.
Design and synthesis of two functional coordination polymers based on the 1,1′-bis(3-carboxybenzyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium ligand
Authors: Chen Jiali , Fu Yuying , Liu Qiaoyun , Shen Shoujie , Liu Jinjian
Published: September 2024

The different coordination patterns of aromatic carboxylic acids result in two structurally different Zn(ii)-CPs with photochromism, photomodulated fluorescence and ink-free erasable printing properties.
Dynamic metal–ligand bonds in MFM-300: the use of semi-open metal sites to “teach an old dog new tricks”
Authors: Peralta Ricardo A. , Ibarra Ilich A.
Published: September 2024

This highlight aims to showcase the current advances in semi-open metal sites inherent to MFM-300(Sc) and MFM-300(In) to inspire new investigations to be carried out to develop new applications of this promising family of MOF materials.
Spin dependent tunneling and strain sensitivity in a Co2MnSb/HfIrSb magnetic tunneling junction: a first-principles study
Authors: Bhattacharya Joydipto , Rawat Ashima , Pati Ranjit , Chakrabarti Aparna , Pandey Ravindra
Published: September 2024

Half-metallic Co-based full Heusler alloys are gaining significant interest in spintronics due to their exceptional properties, including high spin polarization at the Fermi level, ultra-low Gilbert damping, and elevated Curie temperature.
Switching of selectivity from benzaldehyde to benzoic acid using MIL-100(V) as a heterogeneous catalyst in aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol
Authors: Hacıefendioğlu Duygu , Tuncel Ali
Published: September 2024

MIL-100(V) used as a heterogeneous catalyst for tunable selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde or benzoic acid by changing only the reaction temperature.
Influence of annealing temperature on persistent luminescence in BaAl2O4:Eu2+/Eu3+ nanocrystals and its application for latent fingerprint detection
Authors: Nagarasanakote Jayaramu Shivaramu , Janardhana Divya , Erasmus Lucas J. B. , Coetsee Elizabeth , Motaung David E. , Swart Hendrik C.
Published: September 2024

The luminescent properties of europium (Eu) doped BaAl2O4 phosphors were strongly influenced by post-annealing temperatures for blue-green persistent luminescence and latent fingerprints (LFPs).
Rational molecular design of electrolyte additive endows stable cycling performance of cobalt-free 5 V-class lithium metal batteries
Authors: Hou Wen-hui , Ou Yu , Zeng Tianyou , Feng Qingqing , Cao Qingbin , Zhou Pan , Xia Yingchun , Song Xuan , Zhang Weili , Lu Yang , Yan Shuaishuai , Zhou Hang-yu , Zhou Haiyu , Liu Hao , Liu Fengxiang , Liu Kai
Published: September 2024

We rationally designed a semi-fluorinated sulfone electrolyte additive, i.e. 2,2-difluoroethyl methyl sulfone (FS), which can meet the harsh demand for Li/LNMO 5V class lithium metal batteries.
Challenges and industrial considerations towards stable and high-energy-density aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Hu Yida , Wang Peiyuan , Li Mingzhu , Liu Zhexuan , Liang Shuquan , Fang Guozhao
Published: September 2024

This review provides a guidance from lab cells to industrial stable and high-energy-density pouch cells in terms of high areal capacity, a low negative capacity/positive capacity ratio, a low electrolyte mass/capacity ratio and industrial concerns.
Correction: Grifola frondosa polysaccharides ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet fed rats
Authors: Li Lu , Guo Wei-Ling , Zhang Wen , Xu Jia-Xin , Qian Min , Bai Wei-Dong , Zhang Yan-Yan , Rao Ping-Fan , Ni Li , Lv Xu-Cong
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Grifola frondosa polysaccharides ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet fed rats’ by Lu Li et al., Food Funct., 2019, 10, 2560–2572, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO00075E.
Straightforward solid-phase modification of TiO2 with propylphosphonic acid via manual grinding and shaker mixing: enhancing modification degree by thermal control while improving atom economy
Authors: Zhang Kaimin , Wang Jinxin , Gys Nick , Derveaux Elien , Ghanemnia Nahal , Marchal Wouter , Adriaensens Peter , Meynen Vera
Published: September 2024

The straightforward manual grinding method achieves controllable grafting of organophosphonic acid onto TiO2, demonstrating its atom economy and greenness.
Primary photodegradation pathways of an exciplex-forming A–D molecular system
Authors: Ki Yeongcheol , Kim Jonghyun , Son Yeri , Park Suhyun , Chung Won-jin , Kim Tae-Young , Lee Hohjai
Published: September 2024

Photodegradation study on Py-DMA exciplex system identified demethylation and oxidative formylation as primary pathways, with oxygen included. The results, validated by various analyses, offer insights into extending optoelectronic device lifespan.
Graph-based networks for accurate prediction of ground and excited state molecular properties from minimal features
Authors: Trivedi Denish , Patrikar Kalyani , Mondal Anirban
Published: September 2024

Graph neural networks (GNN) have been demonstrated to correlate molecular structure with properties, enabling rapid evaluation of molecules for a given application.
The role of temperature in the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of Ag2S-based nanocrystals
Authors: Wang Peijiang , Morales-Márquez Rafael , Cervás Gabriel , Hernández Medel Alejandro , Paris Ogayar Marina , Jimenez de Aberasturi D. , de Isidro-Gomez Ana Ines , Torres-Pardo Almudena , Palomares Francisco Javier , Garcia-Orrit Saül , Sousa Célia T. , Espinosa Ana , Telle Helmut H. , Ortgies Dirk H. , Vega-Mayoral Víctor , Cabanillas-González Juan , Martín Rodríguez Emma , Resch-Genger Ute , David Wegner K. , Juárez Beatriz H.
Published: September 2024

This study presents the synthesis of bright Ag2S-based nanocrystals, explores the temperature dependence of their photoluminescence quantum yield, and assesses their effectiveness in near-infrared subtissue imaging under mimicked conditions.
Recent progresses and challenges in colloidal quantum dot light-emitting diodes: a focus on electron transport layers with metal oxide nanoparticles and organic semiconductors
Authors: Kim Jaehoon
Published: September 2024

Recent advancements and challenges in scaling up quantum dot light-emitting diodes are highlighted, particularly with respect to the metal oxide nanoparticle and organic electron transport layers.
Hydrothermal synthesis of arginine decorated NaxLiyPr(MoO4)2:Tb3+ and NaxLiyPr(WO4)2:Tb3+ nanomaterials: photocatalytic degradation and luminescent sensing of picric acid in an aqueous medium
Authors: Devi Swaita , Sen Charanjeet , Bhagat Nidhi , Singhaal Richa , Sheikh Haq Nawaz
Published: September 2024

In this contribution, we explored NaxLiyPr(MoO4)2:Tb3+@Arg and NaxLiyPr(WO4)2:Tb3+@Arg nanomaterials as a photoluminescent probe and photocatalyst for efficient sensing and removal of picric acid (PA), respectively.
Ultrahigh water permeance of a composite reduced graphene oxide/graphene oxide membrane for efficient rejection of dyes
Authors: Liang Shanshan , Yang Rujie , Di Yingjie , Liu Guangxiao , Wu Shujin
Published: September 2024

The rGO/GO composite membranes displayed excellent rejection performance for dyes, together with ultrahigh water permeance.
Cellulose nanocrystal-reinforced thermally responsive dynamic hydrogel
Authors: Yang Long , Zhang Simei , Hu Zemei , Li Jing , Xie Guangyin
Published: September 2024

Cellulose nanocrystals were employed to enhance the mechanical properties of thermally responsive dynamic hydrogels.
Recent advances in the synthesis of transition metal hydroxyl oxide catalysts and their application in electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Jie , Xu Hui-Min , Huang Chen-Jin , Shuai Ting-Yu , Zhan Qi-Ni , Li Gao-Ren
Published: September 2024

The oxyhydroxides (MOOH) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in recent years is reviewed. The control mechanism of improving OER catalytic performance of MOOH is discussed. Finally, the challenges and future developments of MOOH in OER are analyzed.
Heterogeneous binding of polymers on curved nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Yifan , Tang Chuan , Tang Qiyun
Published: September 2024

Unraveling protracted polymer binding on curved surfaces of nanoparticles (NPs) is important for the fabrication of multifunctional nanostructures in cutting-edge research disciplines such as directional self-assembly and nanomedicine.
Advanced applications in enzyme-induced electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Fan Lingling , Mei Xingyu , Huang Yigen , Zheng Wenxiang , Wei Ping , Jiang Min , Dong Weiliang
Published: September 2024

Guidelines for tailored enzyme-induced electrospun nanofiber immobilization techniques: aligning fabrication methods with future application requirements.
Hyperbranched polyborate modified HTPB adhesives with enhanced performance and lower glass transition temperature
Authors: Wang Rui , Huang Xiaoying , Yang Kaiming , Liu Rui , Zhang Zhenlong , Feng Weixu , Yan Hongxia
Published: September 2024

A simple hyperbranched polyborate was used to modify hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene to improve its low polarity and easy debonding. Reduce its glass transition temperature and have good mechanical properties at low temperature.
Sulfenylation of bioactive maleimides, acrylates and cyclohexenones under ambient organophotocatalysis
Authors: Bag Debanjana , Rahaman Rajjakfur , Manna Anindya S. , Pal Subhasis , Nandi Rajesh , Aich Shobhon , Ghosh Narendra Nath , Maiti Dilip K.
Published: September 2024

A novel visible light-induced sulfenylation of biologically important maleimides, acrylates and cyclohexenones has been developed using cheap and easily available organophotoredox catalyst Eosin Y with thiols under ambient conditions.
Catalytic atroposelective electrophilic amination of diaryl anilines and diaryl phenols for the synthesis of axially chiral diaryl compounds
Authors: Zhu Haihui , Cheng Long , Wang Jie , Han Zhengyu , Sun Jianwei , Huang Hai
Published: September 2024

A CPA-catalyzed atroposelective electrophilic amination reaction has been developed, which provides access to a series of axially chiral diaryl compounds through the desymmetric amination reactions of diaryl anilines/phenols with azodiformates.
Photocatalyst-free light-mediated three-component alkoxy-, hydroxy-, and azidotrifluoromethylation of alkenes
Authors: Ji Yingmin , Jaafar Aida , Gimbert-Suriñach Carolina , Ribagorda María , Vallribera Adelina , Granados Albert , Cabrera-Afonso María Jesús
Published: September 2024

A photocatalyst-free method enables efficient alkene difunctionalization in CF3-rich organic environments using accessible starting materials. This protocol is applicable for the synthesis of alkoxy, hydroxy, and azido derivatives.
Thymol and carvacrol derivatives as anticancer agents; synthesis, in vitro activity, and computational analysis of biological targets
Authors: Alamri Mohammed A. , Abdel-Kader Maged S. , Salkini Mohamad Ayman , Alamri Mubarak A.
Published: September 2024

Thymol and carvacrol derivatives synthesized and examined for anticancer activity, network pharmacology properties, and molecular docking.
Unveiling the potential of emergent nanoscale composite polymer electrolytes for safe and efficient all solid-state lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Murali Adhigan , Ramesh R. , Sakar Mohan , Park SeonJoo , Han Sung Soo
Published: September 2024

Solid polymer electrolytes provide excellent safety by replacing liquid electrolytes. Three types-solid, composite and gel-based electrolytes are widely used, improving battery life-span and preventing lithium dendrite growth.
Expression of concern: Designing a novel visible-light-driven heterostructure Ni–ZnO/S-g-C3N4 photocatalyst for coloured pollutant degradation
Authors: Bahadur Ali , Iqbal Shahid , Alsaab Hashem O. , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A.
Published: September 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Designing a novel visible-light-driven heterostructure Ni–ZnO/S-g-C3N4 photocatalyst for coloured pollutant degradation’ by Ali Bahadur et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 36518–36527, https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09390d.
Ultra-thin order–disorder CeO2 nanobelts as the non-carbon support of the PtCu catalyst towards methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Zhi Han , Dong Boda , Guo Xingxing , Xu Feng
Published: September 2024

By using the ultra-thin CeO2 nanobelts (2D-CeO2) with order–disordered structure as the non-carbon support, the PtCu/2D-CeO2 catalyst exhibits outstanding MOR and ORR activities.
Basics, developments, and strategies of transition metal phosphides toward electrocatalytic water splitting: beyond noble metal catalysts
Authors: Lee Yeongbin , Jeong Wooseok , Hwang Yun Jae , An Boeun , Lee Hyeonseok , Jeong Heesoo , Kim Gyuhyeon , Park Yoonsu , Kim Minyoung , Ha Don-Hyung
Published: September 2024

This review covers the comprehensive information of basic water splitting electrolysis, catalyst manufacturing, performance enhancement strategies, and perspectives of transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts considering the recent studies.
Understanding selective sensing of human serum albumin using a D–π–A probe: a photophysical and computational approach
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Anamika , Bhattacharya Anupam
Published: September 2024

A donor–π–acceptor probe was used for a turn-on fluorescent detection of human serum albumin and extended to hemin sensing. The selectivity of the probe towards albumin was computationally validated.
Hydrophobicity as a tool for programming sequential mesophase transitions of enzyme-responsive polymeric amphiphiles
Authors: Tevet Shahar , Amir Roey J.
Published: September 2024

Tuning the hydrophobicity of di- and tri-block amphiphiles co-assembled into enzyme-responsive micelles controls the rate and timing of their mesophase transitions, essential for designing programmable polymeric systems with tailored functions.
Green spectral simulative ceramic pigments with combined laser absorption and high-temperature stability
Authors: Feng Xia , Jin Zhuqing , Meng Fanqi , Liu Rui , Hou Yi , Zhu Haikui , Wang Lixi
Published: September 2024

The inherent conflict between the near-infrared plateau of green plants and the absorption of a 1064 nm laser prevents developing green spectral simulative materials with effective laser-suppression properties.
“Tree of life”: how baobab seed-derived biochar could lead to water safety for underprivileged communities through heavy metal (Fe) removal – SDG 6
Authors: Mkelemi Magdalena J. , Mwaijengo Grite N. , Rwiza Mwemezi J.
Published: September 2024

In many developing countries, including Tanzania, safe drinking water remains scarce due to poverty and environmental challenges. Affordable local water treatment methods e.g., use of baobab seed-derived biochar, are crucial for achieving SDG 6.
A high frequency alternating current heater using the advantages of a damped oscillation circuit for low voltage Li-ion batteries
Authors: Oehl Joachim , Gleiter Andreas , Manka Daniel , Fill Alexander , Birke Kai Peter
Published: September 2024

A Li-ion battery heater uses the battery's energy for heating, enabling subzero charging by integrating a power electronic system within the battery management system and increasing efficiency through the use of an oscillation circuit.
Triethanolamine-assisted surface reconstruction of nickel oxide for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Jiayun , Knibbe Ruth , Gentle Ian
Published: September 2024

Developing low cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is desirable for renewable energy production.
Moving Beyond Rapport: The Importance of Active Facilitation of Therapeutic Alliance in Adult Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation
Authors: Sohlberg McKay Moore , O'Neil-Pirozzi Therese M. , Ness Bryan , Meulenbroek Peter , Byom Lindsey , Lemoncello Rik
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Therapeutic alliance (TA) is critical to rehabilitation outcomes for adults with acquired brain injuries (ABIs). The purpose of this viewpoint article is to review factors that contribute to TA and to suggest ways speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can integrate these factors into their ABI rehabilitation practice.

Method:

We evaluated literature describing client and clinician factors shown to affect—or not affect—TA in ABI rehabilitation and mapped findings onto suggested practices that SLPs may use to actively promote TA with their clients. Informed by our findings and TA frameworks, we integrated findings into a novel clinician self-reflection tool: the Therapeutic Alliance Reflection Checklist.

Conclusions:

TA is a key ingredient in ABI rehabilitation. We contend that SLPs can, and should, actively facilitate TA with clients; the self-reflection checklist can assist. We advocate for continued TA research and improved measurement across rehabilitation settings. We further contend that training in active TA-promoting skills is a critical component of speech-language pathology education.
Path planning algorithm design using particle swarms optimization and artificial potential fields
Authors: Mishra Bhavyansh , Sevil Hakki Erhan
Published: September 2024

One of the most important challenges in an autonomous and robotics system is the path planning in which the system finds the optimal path from start point to goal point. The traditional path planning algorithms may have large memory requirements which scale with the size and resolution of the configuration space. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel path planning algorithm that combines Particle Swarm Optimization and Artificial Potential Field in the form of a path planning algorithm for mobile robots. The biological and physical concepts from Particle Swarm Optimization and Artificial Potential Field algorithms are combined to yield an algorithm which minimizes instances of getting stuck in local minima and generates a smooth but feasible path. The developed method requires memory which scales only with the number of particles and the time taken to reach the goal. This results in a memory‐efficient solution that generates smooth and feasible paths for mobile robots navigating in a 2D space.
Effect of accelerator on properties of epoxy resin re‐prepared from alcoholysis recycling
Authors: Zhao Xin , Li Wendong , Yang Xiong , Li Wenrui , Zou Fangzheng , Guo Wang , Zhang Guanjun
Published: September 2024

Alcoholysis has emerged as a crucial method for the degradation of anhydride‐cured epoxy resin, and the degraded epoxy resin (DER) can be reused to prepare a new resin. Accelerator is commonly employed in the preparation of epoxy resin to expedite the curing process. However, the effect of accelerator content on the re‐prepared resin's performance has remained unexplored. Hence, DER is used to replace part bisphenol A diglycidyl ether to prepare new resins with varying accelerator contents, and the comprehensive properties of new resins are investigated. The results demonstrate that the accelerator‐free re‐prepared resin exhibits a performance that is comparable to that of the original resin. After accelerator is added during the preparation of new resins, the curing temperature of the reconstituted resin shows a decrease, and two peaks appear during the curing exothermic process. Besides, as the accelerator content increases, the insulation performance initially improves and then deteriorates, while the mechanical and thermal properties continue to decline. Through characterisation and chemical simulation analysis, it is believed that excessive accelerators are detrimental to the cross‐linking reaction of DER. Therefore, the accelerator content in the new epoxy resin should not be high.
Introducing deep trap states for high dielectric strength of aramid‐based composite films
Authors: Zhang Wenqi , Wang Qibin , Shen Guangyi , Fan Sidi , Fan Xiaozhou , Yang Rui , Liu Yunpeng , Yu Xiang , Lv Fangcheng
Published: September 2024

Aramid nanofiber (ANF)‐based composites have drawn tremendous interest in high‐voltage electrical systems due to their superior insulation strength, thermal stability, and mechanical endurance. However, the filler agglomeration and interface compatibility have retarded further improvement of the dielectric performance. Herein, the nano‐titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles treated by aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) serve as the inorganic fillers, which are doped in the ANF to prepare the composite nano‐paper via the blade coating method. The electrostatic interaction between the ANF and fillers highly promotes their uniform distribution. Compared to the pure ANF paper, the composite paper has a denser structure with reduced pores and defects, which significantly improves its dielectric performance with inhibited partial discharge development. At a filler loading of 3 wt% (mass fraction), the breakdown strength is increased by 70.5% to a maximum value of 358.1 kV/mm, while the bulk conductivity is minimised to 5.2 × 10−17 S/m, representing an 88.1% decrease. By analysing the energy band structure of each component, energy barriers at the interface for electrons (1.48 eV) and holes (0.40 eV) are determined. These values indicate deepened trap energy levels, which greatly strengthen the carrier trapping effect for improved dielectric performance.
A modality separation approach for facial sketch synthesis
Authors: Du Kangning , Wang Chaoyi , Cao Lin , Guo Yanan , Sun Wenwen
Published: September 2024

The technology for face‐to‐sketch synthesis transforms optical face images into a sketch‐style format. However, traditional style losses are insufficient to discern the modal differences between optical and sketch domain images, leading to unclear images. At the same time, generated images lack clarity due to traditional approaches' disregard for high‐frequency texture. To address these issues, a modality separation approach for facial sketch synthesis is proposed. First, a modality separation structure is proposed, using a quicksort algorithm to merge features of optical and sketch images as target modality (positive samples), ensuring the generated images' feature distribution matches real sketches. By controlling the Euclidean distance between generated images (anchors) and both target and filtered modality (positive and negative samples), irrelevant information is effectively filtered out. Next, an edge‐promoting module feeds processed blurry sketch images into the discriminator to enhance robustness. Lastly, a detail optimization module uses Laplacian filtering to extract high‐frequency texture from optical face images for local enhancement. Experimental validation on CUHK, AR, and XM2VTS datasets shows that this method outperforms mainstream sketch face synthesis methods in terms of Fréchet inception distance and learned perceptual image patch similarity, producing more realistic and natural images with richer texture details.
Pulse frequency variations and timing noise of MXB 0656–072 during the 2007–2008 type I outbursts and implications for its magnetic field
Authors: Serim M. M. , Serim D. , Dönmez Ç. K. , Tuo Y. , Ducci L. , Baykal A. , Santangelo A.
Published: September 2024

Aims. We aim to explore the properties of the Be/X-ray binary system MXB 0656–072 from a timing analysis perspective through an investigation of the RXTE/PCA and Fermi/GBM data during its 2007–2008 type I outbursts.

Methods. We applied two new techniques, for the first time, along with the conventional Deeter method to produce higher-resolution power density spectra (PDS) of the torque fluctuations. We also investigated the spin frequency evolution of the source by utilising a pulse timing technique.

Results. The PDSs show a red noise pattern, with a steepness of Γ ∼ −2 and a saturation timescale of ∼150 d, indicating that MXB 0656–072 is a disc-fed source. With the obtained long term spin frequency evolution, we reveal the torque–luminosity correlation of MXB 0656–072 for the first time. We also demonstrate that the frequency evolution is largely consistent with the Ghosh–Lamb model. In the RXTE/PCA observations, the pulsed emission disappears below ∼5 × 1035 erg s−1, while the profiles remain stable above this value in our analysis time frame. We show that the magnetic field strength deduced from the torque model is compatible with the field strength of the pulsar derived from the cyclotron resonance scattering feature. Utilising the new distance of MXB 0656–072 measured by Gaia, we show that the spectral transition of MXB 0656–072 occurs at a luminosity that matches the expected theoretical transition from the subcritical to supercritical accretion regime.
Investigation of γ*γ* → η′ at the BESIII Experiment
Authors: Anderson Maurice
Published: September 2024

In this analysis, the production of pseudoscalar η′ mesons via two virtual spacelike photons is studied (γ*γ* → η′). Double-tagged measurements are conducted at the BESIII experiment in Beijing, China, in which both virtual photons possess nonzero virtualities Q12 and Q22. The Monte Carlo generator Ekhara 3.0 is used to simulate the expected signal event distribution. By measuring the double differential cross section at BESIII, the transition form factor (TFF) can be determined for Q12, Q22 < 2 GeV2. The TFF of pseudoscalar mesons serves as essential input for calculating the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the theoretical Standard Model prediction of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon aμ = (gμ − 2)/2.
Charmonium-like States at BESIII
Authors: Weidner Frederik
Published: September 2024

Using e+e− annihilation data taken by the BESIII detector, several searches for charmonium-like states were performed: In e+e−→Ds*+Ds*− using datasets with center-of-mass energies of 4:23 GeV to 4:95 GeV corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 15:67 fb−1, three peaks around 4:19 GeV, 4:41 GeV and 4:79 GeV were observed. In e+e− → D*0D*−π+ at 4:19 GeV to 4:95 GeV corresponding to Lint = 17:9 fb−1, three peaks at 4:20 GeV, 4:47 GeV and 4:67 GeV were identified. And in ψ(3770) → γηη′, γπ+π− J/ψ with Lint = 2:93 fb−1 an upper limit on the production of a scalar partner of the χc1(3872) was determined.
Study of hyperon-nucleon interactions at BESIII
Authors: Zhang Jielei
Published: September 2024

Hyperon-nucleon interactions are important to understand quantum chromodynamics and so-called “hyperon puzzle” of neutron star, but limited by the availability and short-lifetime of hyperon beams, the progress of relevant research is very slow. A novel method is used to study hyperon-nucleon interactions based on hyperons produced in the decays of 10 billion J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, and the target material is beam pipe. The reactions Ξ0n → Ξ− p and ΛN → Σ+X have been observed and measured at BESIII. This is the first study of hyperon-nucleon interactions in electron-positron collisions and opens up a new direction for such research.
Recent results of Baryon electromagnetic form factors at BESIII
Authors: Xia Lei
Published: September 2024

Baryon Electromagnetic Form Factors are essential for testing ground state models of nucleon internal structures. At the BESIII experiment, a comprehensive study has been conducted on the electromagnetic form factors of various baryons. The electromagnetic form factor ratio of the nucleon (proton and neutron), denoted as |GE/GM|, has been determined with high precision. And the study at BESIII has explored the cross sections of various baryon pairs, including Λ, Λc, Σ, Ξ, Ω and Δ from their respective thresholds. In the study conducted at BESIII, threshold effects have been observed in some baryon pairs, enhancing our understanding of these baryon interactions.
Study of neutron beta decay with the Nab experiment
Authors: Baeßler Stefan , Acharya Himal , Alarcon Ricardo , Broussard Leah J. , Bowler Michael , Bowman David , Choi Jin Ha , Christie Love , Chupp Tim , Clymer Skylar , Crawford Christopher , Dodson George , Fomin Nadia , Fry Jason , Gericke Michael , Godri Rebecca , Gonzalez Francisco M. , Greene Geoff , Hagemeier Andrew , Hamblen Josh , Hayen Leendert , Hendrus Chelsea , Jezghani Aaron , Li Huangxing , Macsai Nick , Makela Mark , Mammei Russell , Mathews David G. , Mendelsohn August , Mueller Paul , Nelsen Austin , O’Kronley Jordan , Penttila Seppo , Pioquinto Jason , Počanić Dinko , Rahangdale Hitesh , Ramsey John , Saunders Alexander , Schreyer Wolfgang , Scott Elizabeth Mae , Singh Aryaman , Tinius Leonard , Young Albert R.
Published: September 2024

The current three sigma tension in the unitarity test of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix is a notable problem with the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. A long-standing goal of the study of free neutron beta decay is to better determine the CKM element Vud through measurements of the neutron lifetime and a decay correlation parameter. The Nab collaboration intends to measure a, the neutrino-electron correlation, with accuracy sufficient for a competitive evaluation of Vud based on neutron decay data alone. This paper gives a status report and an outlook.
Validität palpationsbasierter Messungen des Beckenschiefstands – eine
Sekundäranalyse
Authors: Brandl Andreas , Schmidt Tobias
Published: September 2024

Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Validität palpationsbasierter Messungen der
Veränderungen des Beckenschiefstands nach einer osteopathischen Intervention zu
evaluieren. Gruppe 1 (n=12; aus einer Pilotstudie) wurde mittels
Kreuzlinienlaser (CLL) gemessen und Gruppe 2 (n=71; aus einer RCT) mittels des
Goldstandards der Video-Raster-Stereografie (VRS). Die CLL-Werte korrelierten
stark mit den VRS-Werten, r(10)=0,87 und zeigten sich zur Überwachung
von Behandlungseffekten geeignet.
Behandlung des männlichen chronischen Beckenschmerzsyndroms
(CBSS)
Authors: Switters Jacob Marten
Published: September 2024

Das männliche chronische Beckenschmerzsyndrom stellt ein häufiges Syndrom dar, das
noziplastisch bedingt sein kann. Im Rahmen einer osteopathischen Behandlung erweist
sich der biopsychosoziale Struktur-Funktions-Ansatz von zentraler Bedeutung. In
diesem Fallbeispiel werden die konkrete Umsetzung und mögliche Therapieansätze
dargestellt. Die Behandlung führte zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der
Schmerzen, der Miktionssymptomatik und der Lebensqualität.
Dexamethasone, Remdesivir and Azithromycin modulate ACE2 and IL-6 in Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ulrich-Merzenich Gudrun Sigrid , Shcherbakova Anastasiia , Pizarro Carmen , Skowasch Dirk
Published: September 2024

Background The optimal use of steroids in COVID-19 patients remains challenging. Current S3-guidelines “Recommendations for patients with COVID-19” recommend dexamethasone (DEX) for patients requiring respiratory support, remdesivir (RD) in the early disease phase and azythromycin (AZ) is no longer recommended. We investigated effects of DEX, RD and AZ in a lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation in lung cells in vitro and analyzed publicly available datasets with a focus on the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to better understand drugs’ mechanisms of action.

Methods human bronchial (Calu) and alveolar (A549) lung epithelial cells were treated with DEX, AZ or RDV in the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Gene expression (GE) of ACE2, IL-6 and the IL-6 protein release were measured. Publicly available GE data from lung tissues of COVID-19 patients and from lung cells treated with DEX were analyzed for the GE of ACE2.

Results DEX increased and RDV and AZ reduced the GE of ACE2 in
LPS-stimulated bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. Only DEX significantly reduced
LPS-induced IL-6 releases in alveolar cells substantially. The database analyses showed an,
albeit not always significant, increase in ACE2 for lung tissue or cell lines treated with
DEX. Lung tissue from patients after COVID-19 infection as well as bronchial cell cultures
after COVID-19 infection showed lower GEs of ACE2.

Discussion and Conclusion DEX can increase ACE2 expression in vitro and thereby the portal of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into lung cells during an LPS induced inflammation. Simultaneously the inflammatory marker IL-6 is reduced. Comparative database analyses indicate that these processes can also take place in vivo.
Activation of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor in Adrenal Zona
Fasciculata Cells Promotes Cortisol Secretion: Implications for the Development
of Menopause-Associated Diseases
Authors: Wu Jing-Gen , Zhao Peng , Yang Jing , Wang Ming-Juan , Chen Jian-Hua , Li Xiao-Yong , Ying Xue , Lu Yong-Chao
Published: September 2024

Objective Changes in postmenopausal hormone levels are associated with a
variety of disorders. This study elucidated the mechanism by which
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) increases cortisol production involved in
development of menopause-related diseases.

Methods The expression of FSH receptors (FSHRs) in murine adrenal zona
fasciculata (AZF) cells and ATC7 cells was verified by immunofluorescence,
western blotting and RT–PCR. The function of FSHR in promoting cortisol
production was analyzed by cell culture and molecular biological methods. FSHR
signaling pathways in ATC7 cells were analyzed by ELISA, qRT–PCR, and western
blotting. Further, a mouse model was established by ovariectomy. Ovariectomized
mice were treated with GnRHa. Ovariectomized mice initially received
physiological doses of estrogen and were then injected with recombinant FSH.
Then serum FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, and cortisol, and bone
mineral density (BMD), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were
determined.

Results FSHRs were expressed in murine AZF cells and ATC7 cells. FSH
accelerated cortisol production through activated protein kinase A (PKA), cyclic
adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB), protein
kinase B (PKB/AKT) and 5ʼ AMP-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways
by Gsα-coupled FSHRs in ATC7 cells. Serum FSH levels (P<0.001) were
elevated in ovariectomized mice with concurrent increases in cortisol
(P<0.01), areal BMD (aBMD) (P<0.05), volumetric BMD
(vBMD) (P<0.05), systolic BP (SBP) (P<0.05), diastolic BP
(DBP) (P<0.05), and HR (P<0.05). However, the administration
of GnRHa suppressed the increase in FSH levels and the elevation of cortisol,
aBMD, vBMD, SBP, DBP, and HR induced by ovariectomy, even in the presence of
normal serum estradiol levels.

Conclusion The study findings indicate that elevated FSH levels stimulate
cortisol secretion, through a mechanism related to FSHRs expression in AZF
cells.
From modern pathogenetic insights and molecular understanding to new deescalating therapeutic strategies in gastric MALT-lymphoma
Authors: Fischbach Wolfgang , Eck Matthias , Rosenwald Andreas
Published: September 2024

Based on new insights into the aetiology and pathogenesis of gastric marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT (MALT-lymphoma) and its histomorphological and molecular characteristics, important progress in our understanding of the disease and its clinical management has been made during the last decades. A landmark in this development was the identification of Helicobacter pylori as the decisive pathogenetic factor for gastric MALT lymphoma. We, here, give an overview about the history and the current knowledge of the histology, genetics, and molecular characteristics and pathogenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma. We then focus on how these findings have fundamentally changed its clinical management over the last three decades with consequent deescalating therapeutic strategies.