bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational effects of child maltreatment on adolescents’ anxiety and depression in Ethiopia: the important mediating and moderating roles of current psychological distress
Authors: Mihret Amare Misganaw , Heinrichs Nina
Published: February 2024

Background

Child abuse is widespread around the world, and one continent with particularly high rates is Africa. Research in high- and middle-income countries shows the cascading effect of parental history of child abuse and neglect on adolescents’ maltreatment and, in turn, on mental health problems. This cascade has been reported in young children but has rarely been studied in parent-adolescent dyads or in low-income countries (LICs). The goal of this study was to test intergenerational associations of child abuse and neglect and to examine how these experiences are in turn associated with youth anxiety and depression in an LIC.

Methods

A total of 231 adolescents (age: 13–21 years) and 185 of their parents (n = 90 fathers and n = 95 mothers) were recruited from secondary schools in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. Using a cross-sectional design, participants completed a set of questionnaires assessing child maltreatment (in adolescence and own past history in parents), parental psychological distress, youth depression and anxiety, and sociodemographic factors.

Results

The frequencies of child maltreatment exposure were 68% for adolescents and 65% for their parents (when they were a child). Fifty-one percent and 42% of adolescents had borderline to clinical levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. Adolescents of parents with a history of child abuse and neglect also reported higher exposure to maltreatment themselves (p < 0.001). Current paternal, but not maternal, psychological distress mediated this intergenerational association of maltreatment experiences (95% CI [1.164, 9.467]). We further found parents’ psychological distress to be a significant moderator of the indirect pathways of the intergenerational effect of child maltreatment on adolescents’ anxiety and depression (95% CI [− 0.770, − 0.012]).

Conclusions

We found child maltreatment to be intergenerationally associated, and this effect subsequently affected adolescents’ anxiety and depression through different pathways supporting the cascading effects across generations. Intervention plans may be effective through an array of possible indirect pathways and encourage the implementation of multiple access points to facilitate change in the lives of affected youth in Africa.
Can equity in care be achieved for stigmatized patients? Discourses of ideological dilemmas in perioperative care
Authors: Härgestam Maria , Lindgren Lenita , Jacobsson Maritha
Published: February 2024

Background

In the perioperative care of individuals with obesity, it is imperative to consider the presence of risk factors that may predispose them to complications. Providing optimal care in such cases proves to be a multifaceted challenge, significantly distinct from the care required for non-obese patients. However, patients with morbidities regarded as self-inflicted, such as obesity, described feelings of being judged and discriminated in healthcare. At the same time, healthcare personnel express difficulties in acting in an appropriate and non-insulting way. In this study, the aim was to analyse how registered nurse anaesthetists positioned themselves regarding obese patients in perioperative care.

Methods

We used discursive psychology to analyse how registered nurse anaesthetists positioned themselves toward obese patients in perioperative care, while striving to provide equitable care. The empirical material was drawn from interviews with 15 registered nurse anaesthetists working in a hospital in northern Sweden.

Results

Obese patients were described as “untypical”, and more “resource-demanding” than for the “normal” patient in perioperative care. This created conflicting feelings, and generated frustration directed toward the patients when the care demanded extra work that had not been accounted for in the schedules created by the organization and managers.

Conclusions

Although the intention of these registered nurse anaesthetists was to offer all patients equitable care, the organization did not always provide the necessary resources. This contributed to the registered nurse anaesthetists either consciously or unconsciously blaming patients who deviated from the “norm”.
Association of plasma angiogenin with risk of major cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gurung Resham L. , Liu Sylvia , Liu Jian-Jun , M. Yiamunaa , Zheng Huili , Chan Clara , Ang Keven , Subramaniam Tavintharan , Sum Chee Fang , Lim Su Chi
Published: February 2024

Background

Angiogenin, an enzyme belonging to the ribonucleases A superfamily, plays an important role in vascular biology. Here, we sought to study the association of plasma angiogenin and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

This prospective study included 1083 T2D individuals recruited from a secondary hospital and a primary care facility. The primary outcome was a composite of four-point MACE (nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina pectoris leading to hospitalization and cardiovascular death). Circulating angiogenin was measured by a proximity extension assay. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association of baseline plasma angiogenin with the risk of MACE.

Results

During a median follow-up of 9.3 years, 109 (10%) MACE were identified. Plasma angiogenin was significantly higher in participants with MACE than in those without MACE (P < 0.001). Doubling of plasma angiogenin concentration was associated with a 3.10-fold (95% CI 1.84–5.22) increased risk for MACE. The association was only moderately attenuated after adjustment for demographic and cardiometabolic risk factors (adjusted HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.34–4.23) and remained statistically significant after additional adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (uACR) (adjusted HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.02–3.53). A consistent outcome was obtained when plasma angiogenin was analysed as a categorical variable in tertiles.

Conclusions

Plasma angiogenin was associated with the risk of future cardiovascular events in patients with T2D and may be a promising novel biomarker for identifying high-risk T2D patients for early management.
Policy implementation deviation of government purchase of old age care services in Jiangsu, China: based on empirical and policy analysis
Authors: Chen Hongli , Zhao Yue , Huang Hongxin , Xing Ying , Yin Yueheng , Shan Enfang , Cheng Daoxiang , Sun Yanjian , Li Xianwen
Published: February 2024

Background

Government purchase of social forces to participate in old age care services can release the burden of social care. Current research on performance evaluation in this field mainly focussed on the establishment of appropriate evaluation indices. However, discussion on the policy implementation deviation is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of China’s local government purchase of old age care services, analyse the characteristics of related policies and explore their deviation.

Methods

The persons who participated in the Training of the Trainer (ToT) organized by the Red Cross Society were enrolled. The policy documents were obtained from the official websites. The K-means cluster was used to determine the project performance grades. We compared the project performance grades between service objects and undertakers with different characteristics utilizing the non-parametric test. Based on the framework of ‘Collaborative Participation – Project Performance Objective’, we analysed the content of relevant policy aiding by NVivo 12.

Results

Data of project performance were collected from 306 participants. The standardized mean score of the efficiency dimension was the lowest (0.70 ± 0.24). The projects were divided into four grades: poor (17.0%), average (27.5%), good (12.4%) and excellent (43.1%). There were statistically significant differences in project performance grades only between advanced ageing groups (Z = 2.429, P = 0.015). As well, the policy also mentioned that the services focus should be tilted towards the oldest old. The purchasers mainly involved the Ministry of Civil Affairs and Health management departments in the policy. Respite services were less mentioned in the responsibilities of the undertakers. The requirement for efficiency and effectiveness was mentioned in less than half of the policy documents.

Conclusion

Policy attention is needed for the responsibilities and functions of the intermediate purchasing force, as well as more precise directions and responsibilities of undertakers. The purchasers and undertakers should improve management abilities and capacity of old age care services and focus on associated factors to achieve the best marginal benefit. In addition, the embedded performance evaluation needs to be updated periodically to bridge the deviation between policy implementation and policy formulation.
Biomechanical comparison of static and dynamic cervical plates in terms of the bone fusion, tissue degeneration, and implant behavior
Authors: Chung Tzu-Tsao , Hueng Dueng-Yuan , Lin Shang-Chih
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Using an anterior cervical fixation device in the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has evolved to various systems of static and dynamic cervical plates (SCP and DCP). Dynamic cervical plates have been divided into three categories: the rotational (DCP-R), translational (DCP-T), and hybrid (DCP-H) joints. However, little studies have been devoted to systematically investigate the biomechanical differences of dynamic cervical plates.

Materials and methods

The biomechanical tests of load-deformation properties and failure modes between the SCP and DCP systems are implemented first by using the UHMWPE blocks as the vertebral specimens. The CT-based C2-C7 model simulates the strategies of cervical plate in ACDF surgery is developed with finite-element analyses. One intact, one SCP and two DCP systems are evaluated for their biomechanical properties of bone fusion and tissue responses.

Results

In the situation of biomechanical test, The mean values of the five ACDSP constructs are 393.6% for construct stiffness (p < 0.05) and 183.0% for the first yielding load (p < 0.05) less than those of the SCP groups, respectively. In the situation of finite-element analysis, the rigid-induced ASD is more severe for the SCP, followed by the DCP-H, and the DCP-R is the least.

Discussion and conclusions

Considering the degenerative degree of the adjacent segments and osteoporotic severity of the instrumented segments is necessary while using dynamic system. The mobility and stability of the rotational and translational joints are the key factors to the fusion rate and ASD progression. If the adjacent segments have been degenerative, the more flexible system can be adopted to compensate the constrained mobility of the ACDF segments. In the situation of the osteoporotic ACDF vertebrae, the stiffer system is recommended to avoid the cage subsidence.
The effect of ulinastatin on acute kidney injury in patients undergoing off-pump cardiac bypass surgery
Authors: Park Soo Jung , Park Sung Yong , Kang Se Yoon , Kim Ji Ho , Heo Ji Yeong , Yoo Ji Young
Published: February 2024

Background

Ulinastatin, an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant trypsin inhibitor, has shown potential in mitigating acute kidney injury (AKI) and reducing serum creatinine levels after various surgeries. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effects of ulinastatin on AKI in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery.

Methods

We hypothesized that the administration of ulinastatin could prevent AKI in OPCAB. Electrical medical records were reviewed to identify OPCAB patients between January 2015 and June 2020. The utilization of ulinastatin was randomly determined and applied during this period. Acute kidney injury was defined according to the KDIGO guideline, and its incidence was compared between the ulinastatin administration group and the control group. To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on renal function, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate propensity scores for each group.

Results

A total 454 OPCAB were performed, and after following inclusion and exclusion process, 100 patients were identified in the ulinastatin group and 303 patients in the control group. Using 1:2 propensity score matching, we analyzed 100 and 200 patients in the ulinastatin and control groups. The incidence of AKI was similar between the groups (2.5% for the control group, 2.0% for the ulinastatin group, p > 0.999). However, the serum creatinine value on the first post-operative day were significantly lower in the ulinastatin group compared to the control group (0.774 ± 0.179 mg/dL vs 0.823 ± 0.216 mg/dL, P = 0.040), while no significant differences were observed for the other time points (P > 0.05). The length of ICU stay day was significantly shorter in the ulinastatin group (2.91 ± 2.81 day vs 5.22 ± 7.45 day, respectively, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Ulinastatin did not have a significant effect on the incidence of AKI; it demonstrated the ability to reduce post-operative serum creatine levels at first post-operative day and shorten the length of ICU stay.
Paclitaxel combined with Compound K inducing pyroptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating Treg/Th17 balance
Authors: Wang Hongzheng , Huang Min , Zhu Mengyuan , Su Chi , Zhang Yijian , Chen Hongyu , Jiang Yuexin , Wang Haidi , Guo Qinglong , Zhang Shuai
Published: February 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have attracted much attention in recent years, have achieved good efficacy, but their use is limited by the high incidence of acquired drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new immunotherapy drugs. Compound taxus chinensis capsule (CTC) is an oral paclitaxel compound drug, clinical results showed it can change the number of regulatory T cells and T helper cell 17 in peripheral blood. Regulating the balance between regulatory T cells and T helper cell 17 is considered to be an effective anticancer strategy. Paclitaxel and ginsenoside metabolite compound K are the main immunomodulatory components, it is not clear that paclitaxel combined with compound K can inhibit tumor development by regulating the balance between regulatory T cell and T helper cell 17.

Methods

MTT, EdU proliferation and plate colony formation assay were used to determine the concentration of paclitaxel and compound K. AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining, ELISA, Western Blot assay, Flow Cytometry and Immunofluorescence were used to investigate the effect of paclitaxel combined with compound K on Lewis cell cultured alone or co-cultured with splenic lymphocyte. Finally, transplanted tumor C57BL/6 mice model was constructed to investigate the anti-cancer effect in vivo.

Results

According to the results of MTT, EdU proliferation and plate colony formation assay, paclitaxel (10 nM) and compound K (60 μM) was used to explore the mechanism. The results of Flow Cytometry demonstrated that paclitaxel combined with compound K increased the number of T helper cell 17 and decreased the number of regulatory T cells, which induced pyroptosis of cancer cells. The balance was mediated by the JAK–STAT pathway according to the results of Western Blot and Immunofluorescence. Finally, the in vivo results showed that paclitaxel combined with compound K significantly inhibit the progression of lung cancer.

Conclusions

In this study, we found that paclitaxel combined with compound K can activate CD8+ T cells and induce pyroptosis of tumor cells by regulating the balance between regulatory T cells and T helper cell 17. These results demonstrated that this is a feasible treatment strategy for lung cancer.
Delivering integrated strategies from a mobile unit to address the intertwining epidemics of HIV and addiction in people who inject drugs: the HPTN 094 randomized controlled trial protocol (the INTEGRA Study)
Authors: Goodman-Meza David , Shoptaw Steven , Hanscom Brett , Smith Laramie R. , Andrew Philip , Kuo Irene , Lake Jordan E. , Metzger David , Morrison Ellen A. B. , Cummings Melissa , Fogel Jessica M. , Richardson Paul , Harris Jayla , Heitner Jesse , Stansfield Sarah , El-Bassel Nabila ,   for the HPTN 094 Study Team
Published: February 2024

Background

Persons with opioid use disorders who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States (US) face multiple and intertwining health risks. These include interference with consistent access, linkage, and retention to health care including medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), HIV prevention using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Most services, when available, including those that address substance misuse, HIV prevention, and STIs, are often provided in multiple locations that may be difficult to access, which further challenges sustained health for PWID. HPTN 094 (INTEGRA) is a study designed to test the efficacy of an integrated, “whole-person” strategy that provides integrated HIV prevention including antiretroviral therapy (ART), PrEP, MOUD, and STI testing and treatment from a mobile health delivery unit (“mobile unit”) with peer navigation compared to peer navigation alone to access these services at brick and mortar locations.

Methods

HPTN 094 (INTEGRA) is a two-arm, randomized controlled trial in 5 US cities where approximately 400 PWID without HIV are assigned either to an experimental condition that delivers 26 weeks of “one-stop” integrated health services combined with peer navigation and delivered in a mobile unit or to an active control condition using peer navigation only for 26 weeks to the same set of services delivered in community settings. The primary outcomes include being alive and retained in MOUD and PrEP at 26 weeks post-randomization. Secondary outcomes measure the durability of intervention effects at 52 weeks following randomization.

Discussion

This trial responds to a need for evidence on using a “whole-person” strategy for delivering integrated HIV prevention and substance use treatment, while testing the use of a mobile unit that meets out-of-treatment PWID wherever they might be and links them to care systems and/or harm reduction services. Findings will be important in guiding policy for engaging PWID in HIV prevention or care, substance use treatment, and STI testing and treatment by addressing the intertwined epidemics of addiction and HIV among those who have many physical and geographic barriers to access care.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04804072. Registered on 18 March 2021.
Clinical inertia in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients attending selected healthcare institutions in Colombia
Authors: Alvis-Guzman Nelson , Romero Martín , Salcedo-Mejia Fernando , Carrasquilla-Sotomayor Maria , Gómez Lina , Rojas Mónica María , Urrego Juan Camilo , Beltrán Claudia Catalina , Ruíz Jaime Enrique , Velásquez Adriana , Orengo Juan Carlos , Pinzón Adolfo
Published: February 2024

Background

The burden of disease of diabetes in Colombia have increased in the last decades. Secondary prevention is crucial for diabetes control. Many patients already treated remain with poor glycemic control and without timely and appropriate treatment intensification. This has been called in the literature as Clinical Inertia. Updated information regarding clinical inertia based on the Colombian diabetes treatment guidelines is needed.

Objective

To measure the prevalence of clinical inertia in newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in healthcare institutions in Colombia, based on the recommendations of the current official guidelines.

Methods

An observational and retrospective cohort study based on databases of two Health Medical Organizations (HMOs) in Colombia (one from subsidized regimen and one from contributory regimen) was conducted. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize demographic and clinical information. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between variables of interest.

Results

A total of 616 patients with T2DM (308 for each regimen) were included. Median age was 61 years. Overall clinical inertia was 93.5% (87.0% in contributory regimen and 100% in subsidized regimen). Patients with Hb1Ac ≥ 8% in the subsidized regimen were more likely to receive monotherapy than patients in the contributory regimen (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.41–3.86).

Conclusions

In this study, the prevalence of overall clinical inertia was higher in the subsidized regime than in the contributory regime (100% vs 87%). Great efforts have been made to equalize the coverage between the two systems, but this finding is worrisome with respect to the difference in quality of the health care provided to these two populations. This information may help payers and clinicians to streamline strategies for reducing clinical inertia and improve patient outcomes.
The intervention of cannabinoid receptor in chronic and acute kidney disease animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Yan Qianqian , Xie Junwei , Liu Zhenjie , Liu Fengxun , Liu Yong , Zhou Sijie , Pan Shaokang , Liu Dongwei , Duan Jiayu , Liu Zhangsuo
Published: February 2024

Aim

Cannabinoid receptors are components of the endocannabinoid system that affect various physiological functions. We aim to investigate the effect of cannabinoid receptor modulation on kidney disease.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science databases, and EMBASE were searched. Articles selection, data extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by two investigators. The SYRCLE’s RoB tool was used to assess the risk of study bias, and pooled SMD using a random-effect model and 95% CIs were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted in preselected subgroups, and publication bias was evaluated. We compared the effects of CB1 and CB2 antagonists and/or knockout and agonists and/or genetic regulation on renal function, blood glucose levels, body weight, and pathological damage-related indicators in different models of chronic and acute kidney injury.

Results

The blockade or knockout of CB1 could significantly reduce blood urea nitrogen [SMD,− 1.67 (95% CI − 2.27 to − 1.07)], serum creatinine [SMD, − 1.88 (95% CI − 2.91 to − 0.85)], and albuminuria [SMD, − 1.60 (95% CI − 2.16 to − 1.04)] in renal dysfunction animals compared with the control group. The activation of CB2 group could significantly reduce serum creatinine [SMD, − 0.97 (95% CI − 1.83 to − 0.11)] and albuminuria [SMD, − 2.43 (95% CI − 4.63 to − 0.23)] in renal dysfunction animals compared with the control group.

Conclusions

The results suggest that targeting cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB1 antagonists and CB2 agonists, can improve kidney function and reduce inflammatory responses, exerting a renal protective effect and maintaining therapeutic potential in various types of kidney disease.
In which rounds were the most rotations of key players made, and how did this affect physical activity? Analysis of the eight best teams of the 2018 FIFA world cup Russia
Authors: Chmura Paweł , Kołodziejczyk Michał , Andrzejewski Marcin , Chmura Jan , Rokita Andrzej , Drożdżowski Adrian , Maćkała Krzysztof , Konefał Marek
Published: February 2024

Background

Team management, especially player selection, rotation, and availability, are critical issues when dealing with the high demands of modern training and gameplay. As such, research continuously seeks ways to improve these actions or implement new ideas to gain a competitive advantage through the rotation of players in the starting line-up. The current study aimed to examine the rounds of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia in which the most rotations of key players were made and how this affected physical activity.

Methods

The sample consisted of 110 players from the top eight teams in the 2018 World Cup Russia who played entire matches for up to 90 min in seven consecutive games. All players were divided into key players (KPs, n = 58) and non-key players (NKPs, n = 52). The analysis used data collected by an advanced motion analysis system known as STATS®, with physical activity variables analyzed, including total distance covered (TDC), distance covered with high intensity over 20 km/h (HIR), and the number of sprints undertaken. In statistical analysis, differences between categories and consecutive matches were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and if a significant effect size was found, a multiple comparisons p values test was performed.

Results

The best teams at the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia used the most KP rotations with NKPs in the third match of the group stage. In addition, this was even more visible among more successful teams than less successful teams. The rotation strategy among the best eight teams allowed them to maintain the physical activity of KPs and NKPs in all rounds of the tournament.

Conclusions

Coaches and coaching staff should incorporate squad rotation that includes a large group of players in their team management to improve their success. Team management expertise in player rotation during matches played over congested schedules at top tournaments maintains high levels of physical activity indicators (TDC, HIR, and sprints).
Investigating the efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage versus traditional negative pressure drainage in treating deep incision infections following posterior cervical internal fixation—a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Jianhua , Jiang Dawei , Chang Zhengqi
Published: February 2024

Background

Assessing the efficacy and safety of Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD) in treating deep incision infections (DII) following posterior cervical internal fixation.

Methods

We retrospectively studied the clinical effects of VSD and Traditional Negative Pressure Drainage (TND) on 12 patients with deep incision infection after posterior cervical fixation surgery who were treated in our department from 2012 to 2020. A comparison of patient-related factors (age, gender, BMI, comorbidities, initial internal fixation surgery segment, preoperative laboratory inflammation indicators) and surgical-related factors (postoperative duration of fever, positive rate of drainage fluid bacterial culture, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at 3 days after surgery, laboratory indicators at 3 days after surgery, debridement frequency and drainage time, hospital stay, internal fixation retention rate, and infection recurrence rate) between the VSD group and the TND group was conducted using independent sample t tests to draw experimental conclusions.

Results

This study included 12 patients, with six cases of VSD (5 males and 1 female) and six cases of TND (4 males and 2 females). The VSD group had significantly lower postoperative fever time (1.50 ± 0.46 days vs. 4.28 ± 0.97 days, P < 0.05), a higher positive rate of bacterial cultures in drainage fluid (5/6 vs. 2/6, P < 0.05), lower 3 day VAS scores (3.13 ± 0.83 vs. 3.44 ± 0.88, P < 0.05), lower 3 day CRP levels (66.89 ± 23.65 mg/L vs. 57.11 ± 18.18 mg/L, P < 0.05), a shorter total drainage time (14.50 ± 2.98 days vs. 22.56 ± 3.01 days, P < 0.05), and a higher total drainage flow rate (395.63 ± 60.97 ml vs. 155.56 ± 32.54 ml, P < 0.05) than the TND group (the total drainage volume throughout the entire treatment process). In addition, the frequency of debridement (2.67 ± 0.52 times vs. 3.17 ± 0.41 times, P < 0.05) and average hospital stay (23.13 ± 3.27 days vs. 34.33 ± 6.86 days, P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the VSD group, although both groups retained internal fixation.

Conclusions

VSD is a secure and effective treatment for deep incision infections that results from cervical posterior internal fixation surgery.
Effectiveness, working mechanisms, and implementation of youth-initiated mentoring for juvenile delinquents: a multiple-methods study protocol
Authors: Boering Angelique , Groenman Annabeth P. , van Dam Levi , Overbeek Geertjan
Published: February 2024

Background

The societal costs associated with juvenile delinquency and reoffending are high, emphasising the need for effective prevention strategies. A promising approach is Youth-Initiated Mentoring (YIM). In YIM, professionals support youths in selecting a non-parental adult from within their social network as their mentor. However, until now, little (quasi-)experimental research has been conducted on YIM in the field of juvenile delinquency. We will examine the effectiveness, working mechanisms, and implementation of YIM as a selective prevention strategy for juvenile delinquents.

Methods

This multiple-methods study consists of a quasi-experimental trial and a qualitative study. In the quasi-experimental trial, we aim to include 300 juvenile offenders referred to Halt, a Dutch juvenile justice system organisation which offers youths a diversion program. In the Netherlands, all juvenile offenders between 12 and 18 years old are referred to Halt, where they must complete the Halt intervention. Youths will be non-randomly assigned to region-matched non-YIM-trained and YIM-trained Halt professionals implementing Care as Usual (CAU, i.e., the Halt intervention) or CAU plus YIM, respectively. Despite non-random allocation, this approach may yield comparable conditions regarding (1) the characteristics of professionals delivering the intervention and (2) case type and severity. Youth and caregiver(s) self-report data will be collected at pre-and post-test and a 6-month follow-up and complemented with official Halt records data. Multilevel analyses will test whether youths following CAU plus YIM show a stronger increase in resilience factors and a stronger decline in the need for formal support and delinquency than youths following CAU. In the qualitative study, we will organise focus group interviews with YIM-trained professionals to explore boosters and barriers experienced by professionals during the implementation of YIM.

Discussion

The proposed study will help identify the effectiveness of YIM in strengthening resilience factors and possibly decreasing juvenile delinquency. In addition, it may offer insights into how and for whom YIM works. Finally, this study can help strengthen the implementation of YIM in the future.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.Gov (# NCT05555472). Registered 7 September 2022. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05555472?cond=Youth+Initiated+Mentoring&draw=2&rank=1.
Experimental archaeological study in China: implications for reconstruction of past manuring and dietary practices indicated by δ15N values of Setaria italica and Panicum miliaceum
Authors: Ouyang Huiyong , Shang Xue , Hu Yaowu , Feng Zhizhen , Liu Junchi , Li Xiaoqiang
Published: February 2024

Understanding the crop management practices of millet agriculture is pivotal for comprehending the development of Chinese civilization. Recent studies have indicated that organic manuring plays a crucial role in ensuring sustainable millet cultivation on the Loess Plateau. However, uncertainties still exist regarding how manuring practices impact the δ
15N values of C4 millets compared to C3 cereals. Furthermore, inadequate information on crop δ
15N at archaeological sites has led to controversial interpretations of animal and human diets. In this study, we present new findings from an experimental archaeological research conducted in actual loess farmland in China to explore the potential range of variability in grain δ
15N values of millets. Our results demonstrate that animal manure significantly increases Setaria and Panicum grain δ
15N values, ranging from 2.7 to 9.3‰. Considering trophic enrichment effects on nitrogen isotopes, humans consuming manured millets may yield values ranging from 5.7 to 12.3‰, suggesting alternative explanations for high δ
15N values other than animal protein consumption. Opposite to the general hypothesis, the grain δ
15N values are systematically lower than those of leaves. The difference between the values of Setaria and Panicum and the process of manure influencing the grain δ
15N values are also discussed. Our study provides novel insights into the nitrogen stable isotopic indicator of millet manuring and will serve to set reconstructions of past manuring and diet practices in northern China on a firmer foundation.
Tephra segregation profiles based on disdrometer observations and tephra dispersal modeling: Vulcanian eruptions of Sakurajima volcano, Japan
Authors: Takishita Kosei , Poulidis Alexandros-Panagiotis , Iguchi Masato
Published: February 2024

The profile of tephra concentration along a volcanic plume (i.e., the tephra segregation profile) is an important source parameter for the simulation of tephra transport and deposition and thus for the tephra sedimentation load. The most commonly-used approach is to treat an eruption as a single event (i.e., with a time-averaged mass eruption rate; MER). In this case, it is common to use pre-determined profiles that feature most of the tephra segregate at the top of the plume. However, case studies based on observations have revealed that large concentration maxima also appear at the lower part of the plume. To investigate this discrepancy, the impact of plume height on the temporal variations in the MER is examined. To this end, we use the tephra transport and dispersion model Tephra4D with MER estimates obtained from geophysical monitoring and maximum plume height observations to calculate the spatial distribution of the tephra deposit load for 39 eruptive events that consisted of explosions and quasi-steady particle emission from the Sakurajima volcano, Japan. A comparison of the model results with observations from a disdrometer network revealed that for both kinds of activity, maxima in tephra segregation can occur at heights below the reported plume height. The tephra segregation profiles of Vulcanian eruptions at Sakurajima volcano are consistent with most of the modeling studies giving profiles that feature most of the tephra segregating at the top of the plume if the temporal variation of the MER is taken into consideration to properly represent the total series of eruptive events in a sequence. This highlights that even though the activity at Sakurajima volcano is commonly characterized simply as Vulcanian eruptions, in addition to the primary plume developed due to the initial instantaneous release caused by the explosion, the subsequent continuous plume that can accompany the eruption plays an important role in particle emission. Calculations could not reproduce the simultaneous deposition of particles with a wide range of settling velocities in observations, suggesting the importance of volcanic ash fingers caused by gravitational instability in tephra transport simulations.

Graphical Abstract
Modeling the behavior of monoclonal antibodies on hydrophobic interaction chromatography resins
Authors: Nolan Douglas , Chin Thomas R. , Eamsureya Mick , Oppenheim Sheldon , Paley Olga , Alves Christina , Parks George
Published: February 2024

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) require a high level of purity for regulatory approval and safe administration. High-molecular weight (HMW) species are a common impurity associated with mAb therapies. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) resins are often used to remove these HMW impurities. Determination of a suitable HIC resin can be a time and resource-intensive process. In this study, we modeled the chromatographic behavior of seven mAbs across 13 HIC resins using measurements of surface hydrophobicity, surface charge, and thermal stability for mAbs, and hydrophobicity and zeta-potential for HIC resins with high fit quality (adjusted R2 > 0.80). We identified zeta-potential as a novel key modeling parameter. When using these models to select a HIC resin for HMW clearance of a test mAb, we were able to achieve 60% HMW clearance and 89% recovery. These models can be used to expedite the downstream process development for mAbs in an industry setting.

Graphical Abstract
Are there links between Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD? The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic review
Authors: Abdi Dezfouli Ramin , Akbariforoud Sara , Esmaeilidezfouli Ensieh
Published: February 2024

Background

To assess the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of anti-Alzheimer agents (memantine, galantamine, rivastigmine, and donepezil) in controlling ADHD symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults.

Methods

Following the PRISMA guideline, clinical trials assessing the potency of anti-Alzheimer medications in managing ADHD symptoms were imported from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (until February 2023). Screening stages were conducted by two independent researchers. Two independent researchers also extracted data from clinical trials reporting the outcomes as the reduction in scores of ADHD questionnaires. The risk of bias within the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, while the certainty of outcomes was evaluated based on the GRADE criteria.

Results

Of the initial 1597 studies, 11 studies were included. No studies were available for rivastigmine, and only a single study was conducted for galantamine. The results of the other two medications had a slight inconsistency. While both memantine and donepezil were reported to be effective in several studies, they were reported to be ineffective in some other studies. Side effects were mostly reduced appetite and headache. The tolerability of memantine, donepezil, and galantamine was all convincing.

Conclusions

While galantamine did not demonstrate a promising efficacy in ADHD, memantine and donepezil showed effectiveness. However, future studies are needed to confirm their efficacy in ADHD since there was some inconsistency.
Gene Regulation and Mitochondrial Activity During White and Brown Adipogenesis Are Modulated by KDM5 Histone Demethylase
Authors: Vergnes Laurent , Wiese Carrie B , Zore Temeka , Riestenberg Carrie , Avetisyan Rozeta , Reue Karen
Published: February 2024

Body fat accumulation differs between males and females and is influenced by both gonadal sex (ovaries vs testes) and chromosomal sex (XX vs XY). We previously showed that an X chromosome gene, Kdm5c, is expressed at higher levels in females compared to males and correlates with adiposity in mice and humans. Kdm5c encodes a KDM5 histone demethylase that regulates gene expression by modulating histone methylation at gene promoters and enhancers. Here, we use chemical inhibition and genetic knockdown to identify a role for KDM5 activity during early stages of white and brown preadipocyte differentiation, with specific effects on white adipocyte clonal expansion, and white and brown adipocyte gene expression and mitochondrial activity. In white adipogenesis, KDM5 activity modulates H3K4 histone methylation at the Dlk1 gene promoter to repress gene expression and promote progression from preadipocytes to mature adipocytes. In brown adipogenesis, KDM5 activity modulates H3K4 methylation and gene expression of Ucp1, which is required for thermogenesis. Unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed that KDM5 activity regulates genes associated with cell cycle regulation and mitochondrial function, and this was confirmed by functional analyses of cell proliferation and cellular bioenergetics. Using genetic knockdown, we demonstrate that KDM5C is the likely KDM5 family member that is responsible for regulation of white and brown preadipocyte programming. Given that KDM5C levels are higher in females compared to males, our findings suggest that sex differences in white and brown preadipocyte gene regulation may contribute to sex differences in adipose tissue function.
Disparities in Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis Based on Residence and Distance From Medical Facility
Authors: Regmi Sunita , Farazi Paraskevi A , Lyden Elizabeth , Kotwal Anupam , Ganti Apar Kishor , Goldner Whitney
Published: February 2024

Context

Rural-urban disparities have been reported in cancer care, but data are sparse on the effect of geography and location of residence on access to care in thyroid cancer.

Objective

To identify impact of rural or urban residence and distance from treatment center on thyroid cancer stage at diagnosis.

Methods

We evaluated 800 adults with differentiated thyroid cancer in the iCaRe2 bioinformatics/biospecimen registry at the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center. Participants were categorized into early and late stage using AJCC staging, and residence/distance from treating facility was categorized as short (≤ 12.5 miles), intermediate (> 12.5 to < 50 miles) or long (≥ 50 miles). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with late-stage diagnosis.

Results

Overall, 71% lived in an urban area and 29% lived in a rural area. Distance from home to the treating facility was short for 224 (28%), intermediate for 231 (28.8%), and long for 345 (43.1%). All 224 (100%) short, 226 (97.8%) intermediate, and 120 (34.7%) long distances were for urban patients; in contrast, among rural patients, 5 (2.16%) lived intermediate and 225 (65.2%) lived long distances from treatment (P < .0001). Using eighth edition AJCC staging, the odds ratio of late stage at diagnosis for rural participants ≥ 55 years was 2.56 (95% CI, 1.08-6.14) (P = .03), and for those living ≥ 50 miles was 4.65 (95% CI, 1.28-16.93) (P = .0075). Results were similar using seventh edition AJCC staging.

Conclusion

Older age at diagnosis, living in rural areas, and residing farther from the treatment center are all independently associated with late stage at diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
Blockchain i kryptowaluty – „nowa” odsłona w geograficznym podejściu do badania Internetu
Authors: Wyeth Ryan , Janc Krzysztof , Ilnicki Dariusz
Published: February 2024

W wyniku rewolucji związanej z pojawieniem się i rozwojem Internetu ujawniły się nowe pola eksploracji naukowej, również w geografii. Jednym z rozszerzeń funkcjonalności Internetu są technologie blockchain (łańcuch bloków) i ściśle związane z nimi kryptowaluty. Są one często postrzegane głównie z perspektywy zmian na rynkach finansowych, jednak także jako pomysł na decentralizację funkcjonowania sieci, społeczeństwa czy gospodarki. Dotychczasowe prace empiryczne i teoretyczne pozwalają na formułowanie kierunków rozwoju badań tej problematyki i wskazanie ich istotności w kontekście procesów przestrzennych. Celem artykułu jest omówienie dotychczasowego stanu badań nad kryptowalutami na gruncie geografii. Szczególna uwaga została zwrócona na geograficzne aspekty funkcjonowania Internetu, zwłaszcza te związane z technologią blockchain oraz kryptowalutami. W opracowaniu scharakteryzowano też wybrane współczesne problemy badawcze geografii w odniesieniu do Internetu.
To other new educational ways for interdisciplinary cooperation and innovation: about a student-driven hackathon
Authors: Ribault Shams , Bessaguet Hugo , Ardaillon Hugo , Rousson Guillaume , Nivesse Damien , Fareh Tasnim , Malishchuk Anne-Sophie , Milot Alicia , Eklu Baptiste , Seguin Perrine , Rode Gilles
Published: February 2024

Background Teaching and learning interdisciplinarity are key features in medical education, to prepare students to their future practice. Hackathons are an innovative approach to promote team working and demonstrated an interest in higher education through inquiry-based learning. A multi-skilled team of students and young professionals organized the first hybrid presential-online neurorehabilitation hackathon (adapting to the COVID-19 pandemics), within the joined 2020 WCNR-SOFMER congress. Methods Interdisciplinary teams worked during two days on concrete problematics met by people with a disability and their caregivers, accompanied by interdisciplinary mentors to put forward tangible solutions. An independent jury selected the winning project. Results HRL met the expectations of 96% of the 31 participants. They reported better knowledge and ability about teamwork, ethics, and patient-centered approaches. Conclusions HRL allowed the creation of a strong interdisciplinary and international network which will be valuable to foster innovation. It showed its interest in the training of students and juniors for cooperation, communication, creativity in innovation, and health ethics. Hackathons can be original tools to promote interprofessional education and inquiry-based learning.
Developing the Mental Health Ontology: Protocol for a step-wise method to develop an ontology for the mental health domain as part of the GALENOS Project
Authors: Schenk Paulina M. , Hastings Janna , Michie Susan
Published: February 2024

Background Research about anxiety, depression and psychosis and their treatments is often reported using inconsistent language, and different aspects of the overall research may be conducted in separate silos. This leads to challenges in evidence synthesis and slows down the development of more effective interventions to prevent and treat these conditions. To address these challenges, the Global Alliance for Living Evidence on aNxiety, depressiOn and pSychosis (GALENOS) Project is conducting a series of living systematic reviews about anxiety, depression and psychosis. An ontology (a classification and specification framework) for the domain of mental health is being created to organise and synthesise evidence within these reviews. It will also be an aid to synthesising evidence in the wider mental health field. Aim The aim of the study is to develop a Mental Health Ontology that includes entities with clear and unique labels and definitions to describe and synthesise evidence about mental health. Methods We will develop the Mental Health Ontology through six steps: (1) defining the ontology’s scope; (2) identifying, labelling and defining the ontology’s entities for the GALENOS living systematic reviews; (3) identifying and refining entities and their structure by drawing on existing classification frameworks; (4) refining entities via iterative stakeholder consultations regarding the ontology’s clarity and comprehensiveness; (5) formally specifying the relationships between entities in the Mental Health Ontology; and (6) making the ontology machine-readable and available online. Conclusion and discussion The Mental Health Ontology supports the formal representation of complex entities within mental health and their relationships. It will enable more explicit and precise communication about mental health across research groups and disciplines, and evidence synthesis across different sources. By being computer readable, the ontology can also be harnessed within algorithms that support automated categorising, retrieving and synthesising evidence.
The genome sequence of the forest hoverfly, Brachypalpus laphriformis (Fallén, 1816)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Poole Oliver ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Brachypalpus laphriformis (the forest hoverfly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Syrphidae). The genome sequence is 1071.4 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.85 kilobases in length.
The Main Problems of the Human Resources Provision of the Russian Chemistry Engineering Companies
Authors: Shevarin P. , Lomovcev D.
Published: February 2024

The issues of the personnel training for the engineering companies in the domestic chemical industry are researched in the article. The main problems have been identified, and priority areas for the improving staff training have been determined.