bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARTIGO 2º DA CONVENÇÃO-MODELO DA OCDE E A TRIBUTAÇÃO DA ECONOMIA DIGITAL: POLÍTICA BRASILEIRA E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Pignatari Leonardo Thomaz
Published: July 2020

O artigo 2º da Convenção-Modelo da OCDE possui papel significativo na aplicação dos acordos de bitributação, na medida em que delimita quais tributos estão submetidos às cláusulas convencionais. Embora tenha mantido sua redação intacta durante a história, este dispositivo traz dificuldades quanto à tributação da economia digital, considerando que muitos Estados vêm adotando medidas unilaterais para assegurar a tributação desse mercado em detrimento da segurança jurídica nas relações internacionais. Nesse sentido, este estudo busca analisar a compatibilidade desse artigo com o “Digital Services Tax” proposto pela Comissão Europeia. Para tanto, passar-se-á pelo exame do artigo 2º e seus parágrafos, em especial do “teste de similaridade substancial”, bem como pela política brasileira para esse dispositivo a fim de verificar se esse tributo estaria coberto pelos acordos de bitributação brasileiros. Ao final, serão apresentadas conclusões que denotam o cabo de guerra entre unilateralismo e consenso internacional, marcado pelo surgimento desses “tributos digitais”.
Chemical Analysis of Prosopis Africana (Guill &Perr.) Seeds
Authors: Anhwange BA , Kyenge BA , Kukwa RE , Ishwa B
Published: July 2020

The seeds of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) were collected and analysed for proximate, anti-nutritional factors, elemental, oxide composition and amino acid profile using standard procedures to evaluate the seeds' nutritional potentials. The results of the proximate composition indicated the following: ash content (3.94%), moisture (8.56%), protein (32.27%), lipids (2.36%), crude fibre (6.75%), and carbohydrate (46.12 %). The results of anti-nutritional factors showed that Prosopis africana seed contained oxalate (0.27 mg/100g), saponin (10.5 mg/100g), alkaloid (7.5 mg/100g), and tannin (16.24 mg/100g). Amino acid profile of the seeds was found to contain; lysine (2.77 mg/100g), methionine (1.86 mg/100g), isoleucine (3.46 mg/100g), leucine (13.26 mg/100g), phenylalanine (4.82 mg/100g), valine (4.13 mg/100g) and non-essential amino acids; arginine (3.62 mg/100g), serine (2.81 mg/100g), aspartic acid (4.58 mg/100g) and glycine (7.12 mg/100g). Elemental composition of the seeds showed potassium (1.397 mg/Kg), calcium (0.405 mg/Kg), Sulphur (1.679 mg/Kg), zinc (0.008 mg/Kg), cadmium (0.002 mg/Kg), phosphorus (0.545 mg/Kg), chlorine (0.021 mg/Kg), manganese (0.01 mg/Kg), silicon (0.202 mg/Kg), and antimony (0.007 mg/Kg); While the oxides composition were: MnO (0.013%), CaO (0.567%), Al O (0.061%), ZnO (0.01%) and SiO (0.433%). The 2 3 2 results of the study revealed that Prosopis africana seed contained high protein content which can be use to supplement the high cost conventional sources. However, the value of anti-nutritional factors suggests that proper processing methods should be adopted before it could be consumed.
Mathematical Model of Geophysical Fluid Flow over Variable Bottom Topography
Authors: Iornumbe SI , Mbah GCE , Chia RA
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the bottom topography of a geophysical fluid flow is modelled in the presence of Coriolis force by the nonlinear shallow water equations. These equations, which are a system of three partial differential equations in two space dimensions, are solved using the perturbation method. The Effects of the Coriolis force and the bottom topography for particular initial flows on the velocity components and different kind of flow patterns possible in geophysical fluid flow have been studied and the results illustrated graphically.
fugitive ecologies: finding freedom in the wilderness
Authors: ant simple
Published: July 2020

This work is about fugitivity and freedom.
Optimization of tea extracts composition to dye cotton. Time and temperature influence
Authors: Lambrecht Louise , Gisbert-Payá Jaime , Bou-Belda Eva , Bonet María Ángeles
Published: July 2020

The last few years natural dyes rose in value. Some synthetics dyes are proven to be environmentally harmful and can cause negative effects. Due to the eco awareness the natural dyes were again wildly used. Tea extracts from the Camellia sinensis plant were used. Tea has a large range of phytoconstituents and some can be transferred onto the cotton fabric. The optimal time and temperature to obtain as many phytoconstituents as possible had to be established. The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction process from tea so as to apply the maximum concentration of phytoconstituents onto the textile fibers and improve the cotton functionalization (Ultra violet protection for example) once it is dyed with the extract. Results demonstrate time and temperature had a great influence on the optimization of the tea extracts. We could conclude that after 2 hours the most polyphenols, hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins are obtained and increasing the time didn’t add any value. The temperature was a really important factor because the polyphenols derived around 70 °C so both the extraction temperature and dyeing treatment should be below 70 °C. Wastewater were characterized in order to determine the phytoconstituents were in the cotton fibres.
Light transmitting cement-based material (LTCM) as a green material for building
Authors: Robles Agustina , Arenas Gustavo F. , Stefani Pablo M.
Published: July 2020

In recent years, light-transmitting cement-based materials (LTCM) have become important in the construction of green buildings because these reduce energy consumption for lighting. LTCMs were prepared by adding polymeric optical fibers (POFs) in a high strength self-compacting mortar (SCM). SCM was formulated from Portland cement, fine sand and water reducing admixture following the EFNARC criteria. LTCMs with a constant fiber content (5%) and three fiber diameter (0.75, 1 and 1.5 mm) were prepared by casting fresh SCM into a formwork designed ad hoc to keep the fibers fixed and aligned. Light transmitting performance of LTCM was tested by optical power measures. The effects of fiber diameter and distance between sample and detector on the optical power were evaluated. The compressive strength of hardened SCM reached a value of 69 MPa at an age of 28 days, while the LTCMs maintained sufficient strength for structural purposes. LTCMs are suitable to produce precast blocks and wall panels for application in building facades, signage and decorative art.
Why is the Indo-Gangetic Plain the region with the largest NH3 column in the globe during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons?
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Song Yu , Xu Zhenying , Liu Mingxu , Xu Tingting , Liao Wenling , Yin Lifei , Cai Xuhui , Kang Ling , Zhang Hongsheng , Zhu Tong
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Satellite observations show a global maximum in ammonia
(NH3) over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), with a peak from June to
August. However, it has never been explained explicitly. In this study, we
investigated the causes of high NH3 loading over the IGP during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons using WRF-Chem (Weather Research and
Forecasting model coupled to chemistry). The IGP has relatively high NH3 emission fluxes (0.4 t km−2 month−1) due to intensive
agricultural activities and high air temperature from June to August.
Additionally, low sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and high air temperature limit the gas-to-particle conversion of
NH3, particularly for ammonium nitrate formation. Moreover, the barrier
effects of the Himalayas in combination with the surface convergence weaken
the horizontal diffusion of NH3. The high NH3 loading over the IGP
mainly results from the low gas-to-particle partitioning of NH3 caused
by low SO2 and NOx emissions. It contrasts to those in the North
China Plain, where high SO2 and NOx emissions promote the
conversion of gaseous NH3 into particulate ammonium.
Assessment and projection of the water budget over western Canada using convection-permitting weather research and forecasting simulations
Authors: Kurkute Sopan , Li Zhenhua , Li Yanping , Huo Fei
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Water resources in cold regions in western Canada face severe risks
posed by anthropogenic global warming as evapotranspiration increases
and precipitation regimes shift. Although understanding the water
cycle is key for addressing climate change issues, it is difficult to
obtain high spatial- and temporal-resolution observations of
hydroclimatic processes, especially in remote regions. Climate models
are useful tools for dissecting and diagnosing these processes,
especially the convection-permitting (CP) high-resolution regional
climate simulation, which provides advantages over lower-resolution models by explicitly representing convection. In addition to better representing
convective systems, higher spatial resolution also better represents
topography, mountain meteorology, and highly heterogeneous
geophysical features. However, there is little work with
convection-permitting regional climate models conducted over western
Canada. Focusing on the Mackenzie River and Saskatchewan River basins, this
study investigated the surface water budget and atmospheric moisture
balance in historical and representative concentration pathway (RCP8.5) projections using 4 km CP Weather
Research and Forecasting (WRF). We compared the high-resolution 4 km CP
WRF and three common reanalysis datasets, namely the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), and
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
reanalysis interim dataset (ERA-Interim). High-resolution WRF outperforms the reanalyses in
balancing the surface water budget in both river basins with much
lower residual terms. For the pseudo-global-warming scenario at the
end of the 21st century with representative concentration pathway (RCP8.5) radiative forcing, both the
Mackenzie River and Saskatchewan River basins show increases in the
amplitude for precipitation and evapotranspiration and a decrease in
runoff. The Saskatchewan River basin (SRB) shows a moderate increase in
precipitation in the west and a small decrease in the east. Combined
with a significant increase in evapotranspiration in a warmer climate,
the Saskatchewan River basin would have a larger deficit of water
resources than in the current climate based on the pseudo-global-warming (PGW) simulation. The
high-resolution simulation also shows that the difference of atmospheric
water vapour balance in the two river basins is due to flow
orientation and topography differences at the western boundaries of
the two basins. The sensitivity of water vapour balance to fine-scale
topography and atmospheric processes shown in this study demonstrates
that high-resolution dynamical downscaling is important for
large-scale water balance and hydrological cycles.
Tailings-flow runout analysis: Examining the applicability of a semi-physical area–volume relationship using a novel database
Authors: Ghahramani Negar , Mitchell Andrew , Rana Nahyan M. , McDougall Scott , Evans Stephen G. , Take Andy
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Tailings-flows result from the breach of tailings dams. Large-scale tailings-flows can travel over substantial distances with high velocities and cause significant life loss, environmental damage and economic costs. Runout modelling and inundation mapping are critical components of risk assessment for tailings dams. In an attempt to develop consistency in reporting tailings data, we established a new tailings-flow runout classification system. Our data analysis applies to the zone corresponding to the extent of the main solid tailings deposit, which is characterized by visible or field-confirmed sedimentation, above typical surface water levels if extending into downstream water bodies. We introduced a new database of 33 tailings dam breaches by independently estimating the planimetric inundation area for each event using remote sensing data. This paper examines the applicability of a semi-physical area–volume relationship using the new database. Our results indicate that the equation A = cV2/3, which has been used previously to characterize the mobility of other types of mass movements, is a statistically-justifiable choice for the relationship between total released volume and planimetric inundation area. Our analysis suggests that, for a given volume, tailings-flows are, on average, less mobile than lahars but more mobile than non-volcanic debris flows, rock avalanches and waste dump failures.
Pending recovery in the strength of the meridional overturning circulation at 26° N
Authors: Moat Ben I. , Smeed David A. , Frajka-Williams Eleanor , Desbruyères Damien G. , Beaulieu Claudie , Johns William E. , Rayner Darren , Sanchez-Franks Alejandra , Baringer Molly O. , Volkov Denis , Jackson Laura C. , Bryden Harry L.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
(AMOC) at 26∘ N has now been continuously measured by the RAPID
array over the period April 2004–September 2018. This record provides unique
insight into the variability of the large-scale ocean circulation,
previously only measured by sporadic snapshots of basin-wide transport from
hydrographic sections. The continuous measurements have unveiled striking
variability on timescales of days to a decade, driven largely by
wind forcing, contrasting with previous expectations about a slowly varying
buoyancy-forced large-scale ocean circulation. However, these measurements
were primarily observed during a warm state of the Atlantic multidecadal
variability (AMV) which has been steadily declining since a peak in
2008–2010. In 2013–2015, a period of strong buoyancy forcing by the
atmosphere drove intense water-mass transformation in the subpolar North
Atlantic and provides a unique opportunity to investigate the response of
the large-scale ocean circulation to buoyancy forcing. Modelling studies
suggest that the AMOC in the subtropics responds to such events with an
increase in overturning transport, after a lag of 3–9 years. At
45∘ N, observations suggest that the AMOC may already be
increasing. Examining 26∘ N, we find that the AMOC is no longer
weakening, though the recent transport is not above the long-term mean.
Extending the record backwards in time at 26∘ N with ocean
reanalysis from GloSea5, the transport fluctuations at 26∘ N are
consistent with a 0- to 2-year lag from those at 45∘ N, albeit with
lower magnitude. Given the short span of time and anticipated delays in the
signal from the subpolar to subtropical gyres, it is not yet possible to
determine whether the subtropical AMOC strength is recovering nor how the
AMOC at 26∘ N responds to intense buoyancy forcing.
Soil fertility along toposequences of the East India Plateau and implications for productivity, fertiliser use, and sustainability
Authors: Cornish Peter S. , Kumar Ashok , Das Sudipta
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In common with other undulating landscapes in Asia, wetland rice
(Oryza sativa) on the East India Plateau (EIP) was once confined to hydrologic discharge
areas or lowlands, but progressive terracing has now allowed rainfed
transplanted rice to encroach upon upland recharge areas, with potential
effects on both hydrology and soil fertility. Hydrologic variation down the
toposequence and its implications for rice production have been well
documented but not the variation in soil fertility. Measurements of soil
chemical fertility in seven of 24 EIP districts were used to evaluate
variation between and within small watersheds stratified down the
toposequence into six land classes that reflect hydrology and land use
(three with rice and three without; 36 fields per watershed). We aimed to
provide a basis for future research to improve the management of soil
fertility. Soils overall were acid, with 14 % of fields requiring liming
(pH < 5.0) and 44 % requiring management of further acidification
(pH 5.0–5.4). Organic carbon (OC, mean 0.9 %) and cation exchange capacity
(CEC; mean 10.7 cmolc kg−1) were low. Available phosphorus (P) was mostly very
low (mean Bray P 4.3 mg kg−1) and extractable potassium (K) low to
marginal (mean 88 mg kg−1). Non-rice soils generally had lower pH, OC,
and CEC than rice soils but higher P and K. Amongst rice fields, those
higher in the toposequence had lower pH, OC, and CEC but more P and K. These
results are discussed in the context of nutrient flows in the landscape,
leading to the conclusion that terracing uplands has reduced the delivery of
sediment-bound P to lowlands where, even with organic P recycling, low
inputs of inorganic fertiliser have led soil P to decline and become the
primary constraint to the yield of wet season crops. Soil K is on the same
trajectory. P and K fertiliser use must increase substantially to sustain
the system, which is a challenge for risk-averse subsistence farmers. Field-specific
recommendations are needed despite systematic toposequence differences
because of variability between fields within land classes.
LandScan
Authors: Schuster Janice G.
Published: July 2020

Originally conceived for use by U.S. military and intelligence communities, the LandScan web application and population datasets, produced by East View Geospatial with data from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, are useful for various reasons including: spatial data analysis, humanitarian
aid and relief, disease modeling, market growth, and sustainable development/environmental protection. Older datasets, back to 2000, are archived as new versions are made available. There are three main audiences of LandScan: researchers who download and use the datasets; researchers who use
the WMS and WCS services; and those who use the web platform. This review focuses mainly on the web app.Search functionalities include the ability to drill down to the pixel level, i.e., one square kilometer grid units; to quickly get population counts for an area on the world map by pointing
and clicking; and to get population counts for an area using the polygon drawing function.
O LIVRO DIDÁTICO NA FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR DE INGLÊS: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DAS PERCEPÇÕES DE FORMADORES
Authors: Liberatti Elisângela Lorena , Moraes Isadora Teixeira
Published: July 2020

O livro didático (LD) se faz presente na maioria dos contextos educacionais, mas é frequentemente usado de maneira indiscriminada (SILVA, 1996), e isso pode ser resultado de lacunas na formação do professor (CONSOLO, 1990). Em contextos em que a aprendizagem envolve a transmissão de conhecimentos, esse uso do LD é coerente. Atualmente, no entanto, a formação de professores é crítico-reflexiva (GIMENEZ, 1999; LIBERALI, 2004), e advoga em favor da construção de conhecimentos sobre ensino e aprendizagem. Levando em conta o conceito de simetria invertida (BRASIL, 2002), que preconiza que o professor tenha uma formação consistente com a que se espera dele no futuro, neste artigo investigamos as percepções de professores formadores quanto ao uso do LD para o ensino de inglês em cursos de Letras de universidades estaduais do Paraná. A partir disso, buscamos refletir sobre a coerência do uso (ou não uso) do LD nesse contexto, considerando as demandas atuais de ensino, bem como as possíveis implicações desse uso para a formação crítica dos futuros docentes. Para tal, foram enviados questionários aos professores dos cursos, via e-mail. Das dez respostas que obtivemos, três respondentes apontaram a utilização de um LD, o que permeou nossa análise e discussão.
BAUMAN, Z. Estranhos à nossa porta. Trad. Carlos Alberto Medeiros. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2017
Authors: Carvalho Rafael Reque , Duarte Carlos Augusto Da Silva , Jacob Jane Blanche Alvarenga Migueis , Vesz Fernando Zolin
Published: July 2020

Em tempos em que os mundos on-line e off-line parecem tornar contingente a relação entre tragédias humanitárias e a comoção mundial, ou seja, tocantes quando se está longe (do outro lado da tela de um tablet ou de um smartphone, por exemplo) e um incômodo quando chega perto (uma vez que escapa ao controle de um like ou de um dislike e desestabiliza a confortável sensação de homogeneização que os Estados-Nação prometem proporcionar), a chamada “crise migratória”, que “assola” a Europa, aguça ainda mais sentimentos xenofóbicos, racistas e nacionalistas. Nessa seara, o livro Estranhos à nossa porta, escrito por Zygmunt Bauman, um dos mais importantes sociólogos da atualidade, apresenta salutar discussão para compreender o posicionamento da União Europeia frente à crescente presença de refugiados, oriundos principalmente do Oriente Médio e da África, em direção ao bloco econômico – cenário que o autor privilegia em sua análise.
RELAÇÕES DE SABER-PODER E O PROCESSO DE CONSTITUIÇÃO DO SUJEITO DEPENDENTE DIGITAL
Authors: Alves Monteiro Carlos Luan , Vieira da Silva Francisco
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o discurso sobre o dependente digital, percebendo como os saberes e poderes atravessam a relação do sujeito com as mídias digitais. Para tanto, ancoramo-nos nas teorizações foucaultianas, sendo as reflexões desse estudioso essenciais para que possamos compreender os efeitos de sentido do discurso sobre o dependente digital. São noções como discurso, enunciado, saber, (bio)poder e biopolítica que nortearam nosso olhar sobre as materialidades estudadas. Nesse sentido, tomamos como corpus duas reportagens que circularam nas mídias digitais em diferentes portais de notícias. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritivo-interpretativa, de abordagem qualitativa. Destarte, as análises assinalam que o discurso sobre o vício em Internet mobiliza saberes que objetivam o sujeito, ao nomear determinados hábitos como um vício, de modo a enxertar o sujeito no lugar do doente. Emergem, com isso, estratégias biopolíticas que visam a conduzir as práticas do sujeito no uso da Internet. Portanto, as instâncias de saber-poder buscam que os sujeitos atinjam um padrão de normalidade.
Newly invaded territories by Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Spain and first records of Torymus sinensis in the Sistema Central
Authors: Gil-Tapetado Diego , Rodríguez-Rojo María del Pilar , Valderas Ángel , Nieves-Aldrey Jose Luis
Published: July 2020

Aim of the study: To update the distribution of Dryocosmus kuriphilus, the Asian chestnut gall wasp, focusing on the central area of the country (Sistema Central). Gall samplings of these areas were carried to obtain the first records of parasitoids on D. kuriphilus in this area.Area of study: Spain and, especially, the Sistema Central.Materials and methods: Georeferenced new records were used to produce a map with the updated distribution of D. kuriphilus as of 2019. Galls were collected and stored in emergence boxes. Parasitoids that emerge from these galls were collected and identified at the most detailed taxonomic level.Main results: The alien species D. kuriphilus was found in the Spanish Sistema Central. Infestation focal points were detected in the Valle del Jerte (South of Sierra de Gredos), Sierra de Francia and in the mountains southwest of Madrid. In all detected focal points of infestation, the available evidence indicates that introduction was caused by the accidental mobilization of infested chestnut material. Alongside other parasitoids recruited by D. kuriphilus, we found individuals of Torymus sinensis, constituting the first records of this foreign species in the Sistema Central.Research highlights: We updated the previously published distribution of D. kuriphilus in Spain, an alien species and pest of chestnut forests and orchards. We also reported the first list of recruited parasitoids by D. kuriphilus and, more specifically, the first records of T. sinensis in the Sistema Central.Keywords: Asian chestnut gall wasp; Torymus sinensis; parasitoids; galls; Iberian Peninsula; pest species; alien species.
Thermal Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation for the Nonsurgical Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Chen Antonia F. , Mullen Kyle , Casambre Francisco , Visvabharathy Vidya , Brown Gregory A.
Published: July 2020

Background:

There are roughly 14 million adults in the United States presenting with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Nerve radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a nonsurgical procedure for the management of knee OA symptoms, and no previous systematic review has been performed comparing geniculate nerve RFA to other nonsurgical treatments.

Questions/Purposes:

(1) How does geniculate nerve RFA compare with other nonsurgical modalities for patients with knee OA about pain, function, quality of life, and composite scores? and (2) How does geniculate nerve RFA compare with other nonsurgical modalities for patients with knee OA about adverse events (AEs)?

Methods:

A systematic literature review was conducted within PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify all studies from 1966 to 2019 evaluating the relative effectiveness of geniculate nerve thermal (heated or cooled) RFA compared with other nonsurgical treatments for knee OA. Two independent abstractors reviewed and analyzed the literature including comparators such as intra-articular (IA) corticosteroids, IA hyaluronic acid, NSAIDs, acetaminophen (paracetamol), and control/sham procedures. Inclusion was based on the following criteria: English language, human subjects, symptomatic knee OA, and patient-reported outcomes.

Results:

Five high-quality and two moderate-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria for this review. The results showed consistent agreement across all RCTs in favor of geniculate nerve thermal RFA use for nonsurgical treatment of knee OA. One high-quality RCT and one moderate-quality RCT found geniculate nerve RFA to provide statistically significant outcome improvement compared with control or sham procedures regarding pain, function, quality of life, and composite scores. When compared with IA corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid, geniculate nerve RFA also provided notable improvement in pain, function, and composite scores (visual analog scale, Western Ontario, and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, and Oxford Knee Score). RFA was markedly favored for all pain and composite outcomes (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and visual analog scale). The included RCTs did not report any serious AEs related to geniculate nerve RFA.

Discussion:

These results demonstrate geniculate nerve thermal RFA to be a superior nonsurgical treatment of knee OA compared with NSAIDs and IA corticosteroid injections. None of the RCTs reported any serious AEs with geniculate nerve thermal RFA, as opposed to known cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and renal AEs for NSAIDs and accelerated cartilage loss and periprosthetic infection risk for IA corticosteroid injections.

Level of Evidence:

Level I
A Preliminary Study on the Teaching Model of College English Reading: Fragmented Reading
Authors: Wang Ni
Published: July 2020

English reading is of vital significance in English learning. In proficiency tests such as CET-4, CET-6, IELTS and TOFEL, extensive reading accounts for a large proportion in scores. Those who do well in reading tend to get higher scores. However, the current English teaching situation doesn’t show its significance: the in-class time is limited with only two classes each week, and it’s difficult to decide appropriate textbooks for teachers. As a result, students can’t figure out the significance of extensive reading course and think little of it. Since the Internet appears in every aspect of our daily life, we can combine extensive reading course with the Internet. By using our spare time to reading fragmented information in English from the Internet selected and instructed by the teacher in any place, we bring fragmented reading into extensive reading teaching. In this paper, the author aims to assume a new teaching model concerning fragmented reading in details. Through this new teaching model, students can not only read English materials in classroom, but also after class in any place with their spare time. With much more input of English both in and out of class, their reading ability will be improved and they are more ready to deal with proficiency tests of all kinds. Meanwhile, students’ interests will be aroused and their horizons will be broadened, which are also helpful for students to pass all kinds of proficiency tests.
A New Approach for Proper Reporting of Pension Benefit Obligations in the Financial Statements of “Old Funds” for Professionals
Authors: Morrone Carla , Bianchi Maria Teresa , Attias Anna
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we focus on the disclosure of pension liabilities for entities referred to in Italian Legislative Decree 30 June 1994 no. 509 (also called “old funds” for professionals), which is crucial for a suitable communication. After illustrating the limits of current statutory financial statements’ in relation to the information they provide on pension benefit obligations, we propose three potential solutions to bridge the gap. Each of these proposals helps ensure the completeness and clarity of financial reporting and improves upon the informational capacity and quality of disclosure. In our opinion, one of these approaches, in particular, would be preferred because of its ease of adoption. Indeed, the disclosure in the explanatory notes allows for the quantification of pension benefit obligations, and hence a more proper evaluation of entities in the medium/long- term, with no impact on annual economic-financial results as reported in the balance sheet and the income statement.
Literature Review on Digital Citizenship in Turkey
Authors: İmer Gülriz , Kaya Mustafa
Published: July 2020

With as of the start of the 2000s, technology and internet have become almost indispensable in the lives of individuals. Rapid development of technology has increased the interest and dependence of people on the internet and made it compulsory to use the internet. Increased use of the internet has led to the development invention of mobile devices, cloud technologies, and information and communication technologies. Besides facilitating and accelerating their lives, this situation has caused individuals to encounter some risks. Individuals can exchange information in an online environment, share their feelings and thoughts in a comfortable way, easily benefit from public services and be aware of the events that take place in various parts of the world. In addition, they have started to perform some transactions in electronic media such as e-shopping, e-government, e-book, e-library, e-pulse, e-banking. This brought about the concept of digital life. Digital life has changed a large part of our habits as the Internet began to enter our lives. Most of these changes are in the fields of communication and life perception. This phenomenon led researchers to work more intensively on the concept of digital citizenship. While researching the effects of digital citizenship on the one hand, studies were carried out to determine what to do at school and at teachers’ level. The aim of this study is to address the trends and gaps observed in the research studies about on digital citizenship and to focus on which their subject areas in Turkey. As a result of literature review: (1) Most of the researches studies that are conducted as a result of literature review are focused on students and teachers, (2) In these studies many different scales have been developed to determine the levels of digital citizenship according to the focal point and different factors.
Interest in Extra Curricular Activities and Self Efficacy of Senior Secondary School Students in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Bekomson Achi N. , Amalu Melvina N. , Mgban Anthony N. , B. Abang Kingsley
Published: July 2020

The main purpose of the study was to find out if interest in extra-curricular activities has any influence on self-efficacy with reference to social self-efficacy, academic self-efficacy, language self-efficacy and moral self-efficacy. The ex-post facto design was adopted for the study. A sample of 1,586 students was randomly selected from the public secondary schools in Cross River State for the study. A questionnaire titled “Interest in Extra Curricular Activity and Self-Efficacy (IECASEQ) was the instrument used for data collection. The face validity of the instrument was determined by two experts in test and measurement and two in educational psychology. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha reliability method. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that interest in co-curricular activities significantly influenced social self-efficacy, academic self-efficacy, language self-efficacy, moral self-efficacy and overall self-efficacy. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended among others that teacher and school administrators should create opportunities for students to travel for excursions, and not see involvement in co-curricular activities as a distraction to students.
To eat or not to eat: ingestion and avoidance of fecal content from communal latrines of Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818)
Authors: Laurentino Izabela , Sousa Rafael , Corso Gilberto , Sousa-Lima Renata
Published: July 2020

Communal latrines have important biological and ecological roles for the latrine builder species and for other taxa that visit these sites and use feces to obtain nutrients and microorganisms that aid in digestion of compounds hard to process. Nonetheless, coprophagous animals must deal with the costs associated with parasites and other pathogenspresent in latrines. Parasites and pathogens are found in Neotropical otter latrines. This species is carnivorous and uses latrines for territorial marking. The objective of this study was to identify vertebrate species associated with otter latrines and species that use feces as food resource. Latrines were monitored with camera traps on a monthly basis in 24-hour cycles. We recorded nine species of vertebrates, including birds, reptiles and mammals, visiting the latrines. Feeding dependency from latrines in the Atlantic Forest may not be related to periods of low food availability (dry season). Visitors that ate at the latrines do not have the same feeding habits as otters. The assumption that mammals would avoid ingesting disease-loaded feces from latrines did not hold, since two mammal species did. We speculate these mammals might be more resistant or less susceptible to pathogens found in otter feces.
INCREASE OF THE NUMBER OF MOTORING
MUSEUMS: IS THERE A NEED FOR A NEW
DEFINITION OF A HISTORIC VEHICLE?
Authors: Gwardzińska Żaneta
Published: July 2020

The increase in number of museums not having
legal personality and amassing motoring collections has
inspired a review of the legal regulations related to historic
vehicles, enriched with statistical data on the number of
museums in Poland, and published in the Bulletin of Public
Information of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage
in 2018–2020. The analysis of the statistical data became the
foundations for theoretical and legal considerations on the
definition of a historic vehicle, and of the classic vehicle. The
whole analysis ends with the de lege lata and the de lege
ferenda conclusions aiming to present legislative suggestions
that a rational legislator should introduce in order to increase
effectiveness of the regulations.
A Process to Analyze Ethical Issues of Information Systems
Authors: Santoro Flavia Maria , Costa Rosa Maria E. Moreira
Published: July 2020

Contemporary society is going through the so-called Digital Age. In this scenario, information systems (IS) play an essential role in many sectors of society, such as commerce, politics, services, entertainment, information sharing. Although discussions about ethical issues become increasingly necessary, it is not always an easy task. This paper proposes a process to help the IS professional and the citizen in sensitive decision-making contexts, in which conflicts may arise. To justify the definition of this process, we discussed the importance of new technologies based on Andrew Feenberg's philosophy of technology. Finally, we analyze the results of its application in the context of a well-known case in the light of the theoretical foundations.
Who watches YOU? An allegory of dataveillance and cyberstalking
Authors: Carvalho Luiz Paulo , Oliveira Jonice , Santoro Flavia
Published: July 2020

How your openly published personal data in Online Social Networks are used by other people? Not only organizations and companies are interested in them. From a qualitative approach, we present a hermeneutic of an episode of the TV series YOU, building an allegory that exposes the potential for cyberstalking and dataveillance. The romanticization and naturalization of these phenomena is tensioned, they are based on ethically dubious intentions and a semiotic discourse harmful to social sustainability.
Inteligência Artificial no Contexto da Indústria 4.0
Authors: Telles Eduardo Santos , Barone Dante Augusto Couto , Da Silva Alexandre Moraes
Published: July 2020

Com a migração da inteligência artificial (IA) da ficção para uma tecnologia disruptiva aplicável nos processos produtivos, existe uma necessidade de analisar como este tema está relacionado com a quarta revolução industrial, conhecida como indústria 4.0. Este trabalho tem como objetivo expor os aspectos de cada tema e relacioná-los para gerar o debate e demonstrar as possíveis aplicações existentes.
TICs no Apoio a Compreensão de Termos de Uso e Políticas de Privacidade
Authors: Kobayashi Tatiana Oshiro , Dos Reis Valéria Quadros
Published: July 2020

Neste trabalho apresentamos alguns motivos que dificultam a leitura de termos de uso e políticas de privacidade por usuários da Internet é mostramos, através de uma breve revisão da literatura, como tecnologias de comunicação e informação podem ser utilizadas para melhorar a compreensão desses termos.
Magnet: exposing abusive relationships with interactive narrative
Authors: Da Silva Natalia Pinheiro , Jang Jenifer De Jesus , Amaral Vinicius Oliveira
Published: July 2020

This article is part of a non-finished project whose aim is to highlight the importance and the impact of using interactive narratives to expose and provoke reflection on social issues, and, conjointly, to present the concept of Magnet, an interactive game in development that features a female main character who is trapped in an abusive relationship, approaching the circumstances surrounding this matter.
Les nationalistes français et le milieu sportif, de l’entre-deux-guerres aux années 1960 : Une relation privilégiée
Authors: Conord Fabien
Published: July 2020

Nationalism, a political trend born in Europe at the end of the 19th century, operates in the classical political field through leagues and parties, but also spreads throughout society. During the interwar period, many French nationalist activists became involved in sports federations and the Olympic movement. They formed genuine networks which they mobilised as a political resource. Some of these even managed French sport during the Second World War. After the Second World War, the sports movement played a significant role as a refuge for leaders compromised with the regime set up by Philippe Pétain and even with the occupying forces. From the 1920s to the 1960s, many federations were presided over by nationalists (cycling, fencing, swimming, Basque pelota, motor sports, tennis), as was the French Olympic Committee, where Armand Massard and then Jean de Beaumont succeeded each other between 1933 and 1967. This article illustrates that sport and politics are often linked: it shows how, through the itinerary of a group of leading figures in the sports movement, the privileged link between French nationalism and certain sports was established over a period of about half a century.
»Wer schlägt, der geht!«
Authors: Lehmann Katrin
Published: July 2020

Die Einführung der Interventionsstrategie der polizeilichen Wegweisung vor rund 20 Jahren wurde von Politik und Fachpraxis als Paradigmenwechsel im Umgang mit häuslicher Gewalt gefeiert: Es sollte nicht mehr die gewaltbetroffene Frau für ihren Schutz und den der Kinder selbst sorgen müssen - und unter Umständen gezwungen sein hierfür ihre Wohnung zu verlassen. Nun wird der Gewaltverursacher in die Verantwortung genommen und der Wohnung verwiesen, möglicherweise sogar dauerhaft.
»Zum Hilfesystem lotsen«
Authors: Dackweiler Regina-Maria , Schäfer Reinhild
Published: July 2020

Die Corona-Krise hat dem Thema der Gewalt in Paarbeziehungen eine neue Brisanz gegeben. Die ergriffenen Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Pandemie schränken das tägliche Leben stark ein und belasten Familien und Partnerschaften. Denn in dieser auch von ökonomischen Existenzängsten geprägten Situation können Konflikte und häusliche Gewalt schnell eskalieren.
Die Reformbedürftigkeit der Vertikal-GVO am Beispiel von Plattformverboten und Preisparitätsklauseln
Authors: Teichmann Emanuel
Published: July 2020

Die Vertikal-GVO stellte sich in jüngster Zeit besonders im Bereich der herstellerseitigen Beschränkungen mit Internetbezug als lückenhaft dar. Der Autor arbeitet dies anhand der praxisrelevanten Beispiele der Plattformverbote und Preisparitätsklauseln heraus und bietet einen Lösungsansatz an, der sich als dogmatisch konsistenter und flexibler darstellen könnte für einen Bereich des Kartellrechts, der aufgrund seiner dynamischen Veränderungen in einem besonderen Spannungsfeld steht zwischen Einzelfallgerechtigkeit und Rechtssicherheit.
Integrating Evolutionary Genetics to Medical Genomics: Evolutionary Approaches to Investigate Disease-Causing Variants
Authors: Sezerman Ugur , Bozkurt Tugce , Sadife Isleyen Fatma
Published: July 2020

In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms that facilitate generation of a vast amount of genomic variation data have become widely used for diagnostic purposes in medicine. However, identifying the potential effects of the variations and their association with a particular disease phenotype is the main challenge in this field. Several strategies are used to discover the causative mutations among hundreds of variants of uncertain significance. Incorporating information from healthy population databases, other organisms’ databases, and computational prediction tools are evolution-based strategies that give valuable insight to interpret the variant pathogenicity. In this chapter, we first provide an overview of NGS analysis workflow. Then, we review how evolutionary principles can be integrated into the prioritization schemes of analyzed variants. Finally, we present an example of a real-life case where the use of evolutionary genetics information facilitated the discovery of disease-causing variants in medical genomics.
Los valores en el sistema de derechos humanos
Authors: Bidart Campos Germán J , Herrendorf Daniel E
Published: July 2020

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El régimen político peruano
Authors: Maldonado Guillermo
Published: July 2020

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Repertorio bibliográfico sobre el régimen político venezolano
Authors: Núñez Rivero Cayetano
Published: July 2020

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Principio de igualdad y pensiones de viudedad
Authors: Torres del Moral Antonio , Gómez Sánchez Yolanda
Published: July 2020

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Las competencias relativas a la Administración de Justicia
Authors: López Aguilar Juan Fernando
Published: July 2020

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Valores y principios constitucionales
Authors: Torres del Moral Antonio
Published: July 2020

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El reforzamiento de la participación política
Authors: Ramírez Jiménez Manuel
Published: July 2020

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La pena de muerte (Art. 15)
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Yolanda
Published: July 2020

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La reforma constitucional en el derecho de sindicación y huelga
Authors: Balaguer Callejón María Luisa
Published: July 2020

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El Tribunal de Cuentas (Art. 136)
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Yolanda
Published: July 2020

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La Corona
Authors: Torres del Moral Antonio
Published: July 2020

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El Senado
Authors: Torres del Moral Antonio
Published: July 2020

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Los tratados internacionales (Artículos 93 a 96 de la CE): especial referencia a la ciudadanía europea
Authors: Mangas Martín Araceli
Published: July 2020

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¿Reforma del Título IX de la Constitución? El Tribunal Constitucional: organización y funcionamiento
Authors: Pérez Tremps Pablo
Published: July 2020

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Aspectos de inconstitucionalidad de la Ley Orgánica 5/1992, de 29 de octubre, de regulación del tratamiento automatizado de los datos de carácter personal
Authors: López Garrido Diego
Published: July 2020

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La doctrina de la Constitución histórica: de Jovellanos a las Cortes de 1845
Authors: Varela Suanzes-Carpegna Joaquín
Published: July 2020

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El reclutamiento militar y sus implicaciones sociales en el marco de la Constitución de 1845
Authors: Martínez Ruiz Enrique
Published: July 2020

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Elecciones de 12 de junio de 1994 al Parlamento andaluz
Authors: Goig Martínez Juan Manuel
Published: July 2020

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Elecciones de 23 de octubre de 1994 al Parlamento Vasco
Authors: Goig Martínez Juan Manuel
Published: July 2020

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Derechos de la personalidad y datos personales
Authors: Rebollo Delgado Lucrecio
Published: July 2020

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Evolución del Estado autonómico y reforma de los Estatutos
Authors: Garrido Mayol Vicente
Published: July 2020

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A relevância da ginástica laboral nas dores da coluna vertebral em decorrência a longa jornada de trabalho: revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Tamires Costa , Paes Fernando José de Vasconcelos
Published: July 2020

Estudos mostram, que o estresse imposto pelas longas jornadas de trabalho, geralmente em más posturas e mobílias inadequadas, somados a movimentos repetitivos e trabalhos com cargas em algumas proﬁssões, resultam em alta prevalência de lombalgia e problemas posturais em trabalhadores. A Ginástica Laboral (GL), visa preparar o funcionário psicofisiologicamente antes de iniciar a sua jornada de trabalho e durante o expediente de trabalho, através de exercícios específicos, atuando assim, de forma terapêutica e preventiva, leve e de curta duração. Realizar um estudo de revisão integrativa, visando apresentar a relevância da ginástica laboral nas dores da coluna vertebral em decorrência a longa jornada de trabalho. Estudo realizado através de uma revisão de literatura integrativa, onde foram analisadas as bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e United States National Library of Medicine – PubMed. Foram selecionados os artigos que abordavam a ginástica laboral na saúde do trabalhador. Dos 43 artigos encontrados, somente 10 artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos.  O programa de ginástica laboral (PGL) é um potente instrumento preventivo e terapêutico, na jornada intensiva do trabalhador.
The history of archaeological research at the site of the former Kulmhof extermination camp
Authors: Grzegorczyk Andrzej
Published: July 2020

The Kulmhof extermination camp in Chełmno nad Nerem was the first camp set up by the Nazis to exterminate Jews during the Second World War. The history of Kulmhof has long been an area of interest for academics, but despite thorough research it remains one of the least-known places of its kind among the public. Studies of the role of archaeology in acquiring knowledge about the functioning of the camp have been particularly compelling. The excavations carried out intermittently over a thirty-year period (1986–2016), which constitute the subject of this article, have played a key role in the rise in public interest in the history of the camp.