bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Phosphate Spectrophotometric Methods in Soil Test Phosphorus Extracting Solutions
Authors: Miller Anthony P. , Arai Yuji
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

Original ascorbic acid methods are sensitive in STP solutions at phosphate <2 mg L−1.

New optimum wavelengths for the Dick and Tabatabai method in STP extraction solutions.

A new optimum wavelength of 888 nm for Asher's methods is recommended.

Phosphate spectrophotometric methods are valuable in agro‐environmental research because of the orthophosphate‐specific detection. While optimum wavelength and detection limits for these methods are suggested in ultrapure water, they have rarely been evaluated in soil test P (STP) extracting solutions such as Bray P‐1 and Mehlich III. When four different phosphate spectrophotometric methods (Murphy and Riley, He et al., Dick and Tabatabai, and Asher) were evaluated in these STP extracting solutions, we found (i) that the methods of Murphy and Riley and He et al. are still sensitive at P concentrations <2 mg L−1 in STP solutions, (ii) a new optimum wavelength (886–888 nm) in STP solutions for the Dick and Tabatabai method, and (iii) a new optimum wavelength and limit of detection for Asher's methods in ultrapure water and STP solutions. The new optimum wavelengths and detection limit reported in this study should be useful for colorimetric‐based orthophosphate analysis.
Terapi Transpersonal
Authors: Puji Pauline Pawittri , Hendriwinaya Vigor Wirayodha
Published: November 2016

Pada 1 awal hingga pertengahan abad ke-20, teori-teori psikologi barat yaitu Psikologi Klinis dan Psikologi Eksperimen sangat mendominasi dan menjadi dasar untuk praktik dan penelitian (Walsh & Vaughan, 1993). Namun kemudianbeberapa peneliti menemukan bahwa ada pengalaman-pengalaman dalam hidupmanusia yang dapat merubah perspektif dan tujuan hidup seseorang secara signi-fikan (Rateau, 2010). Para ahli humanistik percaya bahwa pengalaman-pengalamanmanusia yang transformasional ini sangat krusial bagi kehidupan dan kesejahteraan,dan tidak dapat diukur dengan metode pengukuran baku (Braud & Anderson,1998).
Perkembangan Sosial Emosi pada Anak Usia Prasekolah
Authors: Nurmalitasari Femmi
Published: November 2016

Perkembangan 1 sosial emosi semakin dipahami sebagai sebuah krisis dalamperkembangan anak. Hal ini disebabkan karena anak terbentuk melalui sebuah perkembangan dalam proses belajar. Dari masa perkembangan awal, bayi menunjukkan rasa aman dalam keluarganya apabila kebutuhannya terpenuhi oleh lingkungan. Bayi akan mengeksplorasi melalui sentuhan, rasa, dll. Dari mengeksplorasi itulah bayi akan belajar. Sebaliknya, apabila bayi merasa tidak aman dalam lingkungan keluarga, bayi akan menghabiskan energinya untuk mengatur dirinya sehingga bayi tidak memiliki kesempatan untuk mengeksplorasi. Ketika bayi tidak dapat kesempatan untuk bereksplorasi, bayi tidak memiliki kesempatan untukbelajar.
Memori dalam Multitasking
Authors: Wulanyani Ni Made Swasti
Published: November 2016

Multitasking 1 atau tugas berganda menyiratkan adanya lebih dari satu tugasdi dalamnya. Salvucci dan Taatgen (2011) menambahkan bahwa kondisi tugasberganda adalah adanya beberapa tugas yang independen dan tidak berhubunganyang dilakukan dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Hal inilah yang membedakannyadengan tugas kompleks. Selanjutnya Appelbaum dan Marchionni (2008)memandang tugas berganda menjadi dua jenis yaitu tugas ganda (dual task) atau dua tugas yang dilakukan bersamaan dan switching task atau lebih dari satu tugasyang dilakukan dengan beralih diantara tugas-tugas tersebut. Sementara Salvuccidan Taatgen (2011) menyebutnya sebagai tugas berganda bersamaan (concurrentmultitasking) yaitu setiap tugas berlangsung bersamaan/simultan atau hanyadengan interupsi singkat. Bentuk lainnya adalah tugas berganda sekuensial (sequen-tial multitasking) yaitu individu memberikan perhatian yang lebih lama pada satu tugas sebelum berpindah pada tugas lain, meskipun tetap terjadi tumpang tindih perhatian.
Infotainment, Sinetron dan Sinisme Ibu Rumah Tangga “Mengapa Ibu Rumah Tangga Menggemarinya?” (Analisis Berdasarkan Cultivation Theory)
Authors: Hendriwinaya Vigor Wirayodha
Published: November 2016

Hiburan 1 yang murah, mudah, dan dekat menjadi pilihan bagi masyarakat.Menonton acara televisi adalah salah satu diantaranya. Cukup dengan membeli televisi masyarakat sudah dapat menikmati program-program acara yang ditawarkan. Stasiun televisi barupun marak bermunculan, mulai dari televisi yang dapat diakses melalui antena UHF/VHF atau melalui dekoder/ TV kabel berlangganan. Berdasarkan survei Nielsen Audience Measurement pada tahun 2012, bahwa 94% masyarakat Indonesia mencari informasi dan hiburan melaluitelevisi (www.tempo.co).
Pemodelan Spasial Resiliensi Ekosistem Gunungapi Merapi Pasca Erupsi
Authors: Soraya Emma , Wardhana Wahyu , Sadono Ronggo
Published: November 2016

Kemampuan ekosistem hutan di wilayah gunungapi pasca erupsi dapat kembali berfungsi seperti sebelumnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh resiliensi atau daya lentur/lembam ekosistem tersebut. Resiliensi suatu ekosistem dalam studi ini didefinisikan sebagai kemampuan ekosistem untuk bangkit kembali setelah guncangan/gangguan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memodelkan sebaran resiliensi spasial ekosistem hutan di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM) lima tahun pasca erupsi dan intervensi restorasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan penginderaan jauh multi temporal dan analisis spasial menggunakan sistem informasi geografis untuk menggambarkan perubahan kondisi ekosistem gunungapi sebelum dan pasca erupsi dan kegiatan restorasi. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa setelah lima tahun pasca erupsi, telah terjadi transisi resiliensi/perbaikan ekosistem dari lahan terbuka ke lahan dengan tutupan vegetasi berupa rumput, semak belukar, dan hutan sekunder. Transisi resiliensi ini terjadi baik secara suksesi alami maupun campur tangan manusia dalam bentuk tindakan restorasi. Salah satu catatan hasil dari penelitian ini antara lain adalah keberhasilan kegiatan restorasi untuk mengembalikan kondisi ekosistem seperti sebelum erupsi tidak selalu dapat dideteksi dalam jangka lima tahun setelah erupsi. Kata kunci: Gunungapi Merapi; multi temporal; penginderaan jauh; resiliensi spasial; sistem informasi geografis Spatial Resilience Modelling of Merapi Volcano Ecosystem Post-EruptionThe ability of volcano ecosystem to recover post an eruption to the pre eruption status is affected by its ecological resilience. Resilience of an ecosystem can be defined as the ability of an ecosystem to bounch back after (a) disturbance(s). This study aimed to model spatial resilience of Merapi volcano ecosystem within the area of National Park of Merapi Volcano (TNGM) five years post 2010 eruption and restoration intervention. Analysis was conducted using multi temporal remote sensing and spatial analysis using geographic information system to draw the changes of the ecosystem over time, particularly post eruption and restoration actions. The modelling resulted that five years post eruption, there was resilience transisition/ recovery in volcano ecosystem in TNGM post 2010 eruption. The resilience was shown by the changes from open area to vegetation covers as grass, shrubs, and secondary forests. The transitions occured in term of natural succession as well as human intervention in restoration programs. However, the success of restoration actions to recover the ecosystem to the pre eruption status was not always able to be detected within the period of five years post eruption.
PENERAPAN e-PROCUREMENT DALAM PROSES PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA PEMERINTAH GUNA MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN TATA PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH (Studi pada Unit Layanan Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara Provinsi Kalimantan Timur)
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat
Published: November 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis penerapan prinsip e-procurement pada Unit Layanan Pengadaan Barang dan Jasadi Pemerintah Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, mengkaji kendala yang dihadapi Unit Layanan Pengadaan dalam proses pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah melalui proses e-procurement serta untuk merumuskan strategi yang dilakukan Unit Layanan Pengadaan dalam mengatasi kendala penerapan e-procurement guna mendukung ketahanan tata pemerintahan daerah di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara.Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif dengan perpaduan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner, wawancara,observasi dan studi pustaka. Pengukuran menggunakan skala Likert kepada 32 orang petugas ULP dan wawancara kepada 3 orang  informan yang mengetahui secara mendalam tentang penerapan e-procurement di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan prinsip e-procurement di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara secara umum sudah berjalan sesuai peraturan yang berlaku namun masih terdapat beberapa kendala dalam penerapannya, yakni kelembagaan ULP, Infrastruktur, dan SDM. Untuk itu diperlukan strategi pemerintah daerah dalam mengatasi kendala tersebut guna mendukung ketahanan tata pemerintahan daerah di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara.
PERAN PEMUDA DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN ECO EDU WISATA MANGROVE DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN LINGKUNGAN DAERAH (Kasus pada: Perkumpulan Pemuda Peduli Lingkungan “Prenjak” Dusun Tapak, Kelurahan Tugurejo, Kecamatan Tugu, Kota Semarang, Provinsi Jawa Tenga
Authors: Yani Fitri
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran pemuda dalam mengembangkan Eco Edu Wisata Mangrove dan untuk mengkaji implikasi pengembangan Eco Edu Wisata Mangrove oleh pemuda terhadap ketahanan lingkungan daerah di Dusun Tapak, Kelurahan Tugurejo, Kecamatan Tugu, Kota Semarang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi pada suatu permasalahan yang terjadi di masyarakat. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Prenjak berperan dalam mengembangkan Eco Edu Wisata Mangrove Tapak Tugurejo. Adapun peran Prenjak dalam pengembangan Eco Edu Wisata Mangrove meliputi program pengelolaan ekowisata, dukungan masyarakat, sarana prasarana, dan penggunaan lahan. Peran pemuda Prenjak dalam mengembangkan Eco Edu Wisata Mangrove berimplikasi terhadap ketahanan lingkungan daerah di Dusun Tapak meliputi ketersediaan ekosistem, pengendalian limbah dan pencemaran, kelanjutan sistem sosial budaya lokal, dan peningkatan pemahaman konsep lingkungan hidup.
PEMANFAATAN NERACA PENATAGUNAAN TANAH DALAM MENDUKUNG PENYUSUNAN SISTEM INFORMASI KETAHANAN PANGAN POKOK WILAYAH (Studi Di Kabupaten Sleman Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta)
Authors: Supratikno Samudra Ivan
Published: November 2016

Pembangunan ketahanan pangan menuju kemandirian pangan diarahkan untuk menopang kekuatan ekonomi domestik. Peningkatan kebutuhan permukiman sayangnya tidak sejalan dengan perkembangan terhadap alokasi kebutuhan lahan pertanian yang seharusnya juga disiapkan sebagai ketersediaan tanah pertanian untuk memenuhi kebutuhan primer penduduknya. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis perimbangan (neraca) penggunaan tanah pertanian dan dampaknya terhadap ketahanan pangan pokok dan mengetahui tingkat kerawanan pangan untuk mendukung analisis ketahanan pangan pokok wilayah di wilayah Kabupaten Sleman. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian berada di Kabupaten Sleman, Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis kuantiatif-deskriptif dan metode tumpang susun untuk melakukan analisis keruangannya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan output data tekstual dan spatial untuk melihat kondisi ketahanan pangan di wilayah penelitian.Kondisi ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten Sleman dengan tingkatan sangat tahan pangan berada di Kecamatan Cangkringan dan yang berada dalam kategori sangat rawan pangan di Kecamatan Sleman dan Moyudan. Berdasarkan indikator yang dihitung secara statistik tingkat akses terhadap pangan, kesesuaian penggunaan tanah dan ketersediaan tanah valid dan reliabilitas untuk dijadikan aspek penilaian ketahanan pangan. Data neraca yang digunakan dalam analisis ketahanan pangan adalah data kawasan budidaya pertanian dan non-pertanian untuk menentukan nilai indeks luas lahan pertanian dalam penentuan kerentanan pangan.Berdasarkan analisis dengan menggunakan beberapa indikator penentu kerawanan pangan didapatkan bahwa kondisi 15 Kecamatan di Kabupaten Sleman masuk kedalam kategori tahan pangan dan 2 Kecamatan yaitu Depok dan Sleman masuk kedalam kategori daerah berpotensi rawan pangan
PERAN PEMUDA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN EDUWISATA ENERGI TERBARUKAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN EKONOMI WILAYAH (Studi di Desa Poncosari Kecamatan Srandakan Kabupaten Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta)
Authors: Yusuf Ilma Fatimah
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini mengkaji peran pemuda dalam pengembangan eduwisata energi terbarukan dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan ekonomi wilayah (studi di Desa Poncosari, Kecamatan Srandakan, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta). Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis peran pemuda dalam pengembangan eduwisata energi terbarukan, serta untuk menganalisis implikasi peran pemuda dalam pengembangan eduwisata energi terbarukan terhadap ketahanan ekonomi wilayah.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Penentuan informan dilakukan dengan teknik purposive. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan lima tahap, yaitu: 1) Observasi, 2) Wawancara, 3) Dokumentasi 4) Kepustakaan, 5) Internet. Adapun validitas data dengan menggunakan teknik cross check data.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran pemuda yang tergabung dalam POKJA eduwisata energi terbarukan telah melakukan promosi di beberapa instansi pendidikan maupun masyarakat luas, baik secara langsung maupun melalui media cetak dan online. Implikasi peran pemuda dalam pengembangan eduwisata energi terbarukan dapat dilihat dari jumlah pengunjung yang berkunjung langsung berkoordinasi dengan pengelola PLTH dan BIOGAS lebih banyak jika dibandingkan dengan yang menggunakan jasa POKJA. Pengembangan eduwisata energi terbarukan mempunyai dampak yang signifikan terhadap ketahanan ekonomi wilayah, karena telah meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi warga sekitar. Hal ini dapat dikatakan sebagai wujud dari ketahanan ekonomi keluarga yang merupakan dasar dari ketahanan ekonomi wilayah.
MANAJEMEN KOPERASI DALAM RANGKA PENGELOLAAN HUTAN RAKYAT DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT (Studi Pada Koperasi Wana Lestari Menoreh di Kabupaten Kulon Progo DIY)
Authors: Subekti Imam
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis manajemen KWLM dalam rangka pengelolaan hutan rakyat dan untuk menganalisis pengaruh manajemen koperasi dalam rangka pengelolaan hutan rakyat terhadap ketahanan ekonomi masyarakat anggota KWLM. Penelitian ini mengambil studi pada Koperasi Wana Lestari Menoreh di Kabupaten Kulon Progo.            Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kombinasi dengan variabel bebas "manajemen KWLM" dan "manajemen hutan lestari dalam rangka pengelolaan hutan rakyat" serta variabel terikat "ketahanan ekonomi masyarakat anggota KWLM". Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode  purposive sampling. Informan mewakili pengurus dan anggota koperasi, dan responden sebanyak 40 orang anggota koperasi yang sudah bergabung minimal 2 tahun.            Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa manajemen KWLM dalam rangka pengelolaan hutan rakyat dilakukan dengan manajemen usaha koperasi yang baik dilandasi prinsip-prinsip koperasi sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggotanya dan manajemen hutan lestari sehingga dapat memproduksi hasil hutan secara berkelanjutan. Manajemen koperasi dalam rangka pengelolaan hutan rakyat berpengaruh positif terhadap ketahanan ekonomi masyarakat anggota KWLM.
PERAN PARTAI POLITIK DALAM PENDIDIKAN POLITIK GENERASI MUDA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN POLITIK WILAYAH (Studi Di DPD II Partai Golongan Karya Kota Malang Jawa Timur Tahun 2009 - 2014)
Authors: Saputro Yulianto Dwi
Published: November 2016

A political party was an important element in democratic countries. One of the functions of the establishment of political parties as political institutions that were responsible for providing political education to the cadres of political parties as well as to the wider community. In a democratic political system political party of choice as a means to realized the ideals of the nation and the state. Political education was an effort to realized the Indonesian democracy healthy and quality. This study aimed to discussed the role of political parties in the political education of the younger generation and its implications for political resilience in the study area with the second DPD Golkar Party Malang East Java. The method in this research was descriptive qualitative, which described the complex social phenomena occured in society. The research process was done by selecting informants who were deemed eligible research with purposive sampling method. In this case the Golkar Party offi cials Malang. The technique of research by conducting in-depth interviews, observation, literature study and documentation. Then analyzed with three grooves activities that occurred simultaneously, namely data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions or verifi cation The results showed that the role of political parties in providing the cadres and political education to the public remains low. Methods and materials for political education conducted by the political parties were still very conceptual and less applicable. Evaluation methods in the provision of political education was not operating effectively, so that the role of political parties in providing awareness to the community about the rights and obligations as citizens to be low. oreover, the resulting low level of quality cadres of political parties in encouraging the improvement of people’s lives. Implications of the role of political parties in the political education of the younger generation of political resilience of region adversely affected the political participation of society and the low level of public participation in public policy-making and oversight.Keywords: Political Parties, Political Education, Youth Generation, Political Resilience of Region.
Generation Y: Evidences from the Fast-Fashion Market and Implications for Targeting
Authors: Colucci Mariachiara , Scarpi Daniele
Published: November 2016

This study, for the first time, empirically investigates the actual buying behaviour of Generation Yin a
natural setting for fast-fashion consumption. The lack of external validity of existing research,
conclusions based on convenience samples and artificial settings, affect the potential applications of
previous findings. Conversely, we adopt an applied approach focusing on key variables in the field of
consumer behaviour and compare Generation Y and Generation X in the same setting, along the same
variables. We find that people in Generation Y are more prone to hedonism, use more word-of-mouth,
are more willing to try novelties, are less price conscious and buy more expensive items, spending more
money than the other age group. Although, their purchase behaviour in terms of frequency, repatronage
intention and satisfaction are the same as Generation X; they also buy a comparable number of items.
Our findings from the fast-fashion market help both academics and practitioners to target these
consumers.
The Repo Rate Pass-Through to the Prime Rate in South Africa: Evidence from ARDL and FMLS Models
Authors: Dube Smile , Zhou Yan
Published: November 2016

Announcement of Retraction
Enriching Academia-Corporate Loop (ACL)–A Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative
Authors: Bajaj Ritu , Som Bhupender K , Gupta Mahima
Published: November 2016

Corporate sector utilises societal resources. It is thus the duty of corporate sector to give back to the society in any form, which we know as corporate social responsibility. When we talk in this context, we generally take into account activities like educating the poor, helping old age homes, going green, reducing waste, sponsoring sports activities, giving donations etc. The problem of not getting employable manpower is a major issue of concern among the corporates. In this paper we propose a new dimension to corporate social responsibility–“Enhancing employability”. By this the Academia-Corporate Loop (ACL) can be enriched. In our study we conduct a schedule amongst white collar employees of organizations in Delhi/NCR and record their responses. On this basis, we check the acceptability of this concept in corporates’ mind and propose an action plan to bridge this gap statistically.
Venture Capital: Research Status and Prospects of the Future (Note 1)
Authors: Wang Lijun , Li Bin
Published: November 2016

This paper reviews recent research results of the venture capital field. The paper indicates that main contents of the theory are that how agency problems brought about by the information asymmetry through the contract design are solved and the value-added management service is provided. A number of empirical evidences provided by documents from some aspects such as the fund raising and the selection of the organization pattern, the project selection as well as the investment contract arrangement, post-investment management activities, withdrawal mechanism as well as the performance and so on are investigated. Problems in the research and possible research directions in the future are also discussed.
The Impacts of Farmer Field School Training on Knowledge and Farm Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Maize Farmers in Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Huluka Admassu Tesso , Negatu Workneh
Published: November 2016

This study examines the impact of Farmer Field School (FFS) training program on farmers’ knowledge and farm technology adoption. The FFS program was sponsored by the Ethiopian government and launched in 2010. The study aims to compare the impact of the training on knowledge and agricultural technology adoption of those FFS graduate and non-FFS graduate maize farmers in Oromia, Ethiopia. For this, data was collected in 2013 from 446 randomly selected households of three districts consisting of 218 FFS graduate farmers and 228 non-FFS graduate farmers. The analytical procedure has involved two stages: in the first stage, descriptive analysis was used to detect existence of difference in the household and farm characteristics of the two groups of farmers. In the second stage, a semi-parametric impact evaluation method of propensity score matching with several matching algorithms was employed to estimate the program impacts. The result reveals that although FFS graduate farmers have relatively higher knowledge test score than the non-FFS gradate farmers, farm technology adoption index of the later farmer group exceeds the former groups. This finding suggests that there is no necessarily linear relationship between increased knowledge and increased technology adoption. This further implies that the mental attitude of the smallholder farmers in study area is not actually shaped by misconceptions of technology as claimed by the Ethiopian government, but rather because of their firm understanding of what works and does not work according to their own realities. The policy implication of this finding is that knowledge can be translated into practices if a set of enabling factors and conditions exist. These factors including farmers’ positive perception of the technology benefits, access to complementary inputs, availability of crop insurance scheme, arrangement of credit facilities and favorable output markets as incentive for adopting full technologies.
Foraging Wild Resources and Sustainable Economic Development
Authors: Svizzero Serge
Published: November 2016

As exemplified by the MDGs’ adoption in 2000, it was recently thought that poverty alleviation, hunger reduction and environmental conservation should be tackle simultaneously. For that purpose, forests people had to intensively exploit and to commercialize the wild resources (NTFPs) they usually foraged from the nature for their self-consumption and for marginal trade. After a first wave of optimism, most studies have however concluded that such outcome was dubious, i.e., that foraging was not able to sustain economic development. We consider a theoretical framework and provide an economic analysis explaining such result. We identify four cases, according to two distinctions. First, foraged wild resources can be used either for self-consumption or traded on the market. Second, foraging can be either an exclusive mode of production or be combined with farming. However, an economic development based on the intensive exploitation of wild resources (through specialized foraging and trade) is not sustainable in the long-term. When considered as an economic system, the persistence of foraging wild resources is only consistent with self-consumption or with marginal trade. Intensive foraging dedicated to trade and market extension lead to the disappearance of sharing (or cooperation) between foragers; wild resources as well as most foragers are likely to get worse in such situation even though some counter-examples can be identified.
Comparison of Arrangements Manually Operated Health Records California and the Republic of Slovenia
Authors: Marinič Dr. Milena
Published: November 2016

Theoretical background: health documentation has since its beginnings in ancient Egypt, that 3000 years BC, a very varied. Even the ancient Greeks were writing the symptoms and treatments. After the year 1750 were in European hospitals to develop a systematic and objective records of diseases. The expansion of science is meant better value accurate medical records that are already in the sixteenth century as a result of the book cases, called Casebook, following the example of the legal profession. Methods: based on the analysis of foreign and domestic law have devised a comparison of Slovenian legal system for health records and the California legal act and seek deficiencies in domestic legislation in the field of management of health records. Results: comparison of domestic laws and foreign legal act, says the legal void in domestic law and hence disorderly conduct medical documentation. Discussion: keeping health records throughout history, with the development of science and research is changing. For the exercise of patients’ rights and their security, based on the health resords, managers need accurate guidance. Conclusion: to realization the patient’s rights and the rights of the operator documentation is very important. Important is also a record and storage of documents, which allows you to search documents.
Reflections on the Role of Plantations in Development: Lessons from the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC)
Authors: Kimengsi Jude N. , Lambi Julius N. , Gwan Solange A.
Published: November 2016

Plantation agriculture under the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) registers an average annual turnover of over 50billion FCFA. The corporation is hailed as a major contributor to development in Cameroon. However, conceptualizing development in terms of inequality reduction through the increase in social benefits to disadvantaged groups paints a completely different picture of the corporation. Empirical work shows that although farm labourers are central to the corporation’s economic success, they are yet to fully benefit from the proceeds of plantation agriculture. The lack of significant improvements in residential and income standards of the multitude of the CDC farm labourers contradicts the view of the corporation as a “development” agent. The corporation has seemingly maintained a deplorable social responsibility record wherein farm labourers are the sacrificial lambs in the quest for increased economic output which is then proclaimed as “development”. This paper contradicts the praises sung by different authors to the CDC as an agent of development by giving an insight on the living conditions of a majority of the workers of this parastatal. It therefore looks beyond gross economic outputs by providing knowledge on what really trickles down to the underprivileged majority.
Developing Multiple-Choice Discourse Completion Tasks as Pedagogical Materials in L2 Pragmaticserials in L2 Pragmatics
Authors: Chen Yuanshan , Rau D. Victoria
Published: November 2016

This study reports the development of pragmatics teaching materials in the format of multiple-choice
discourse completion tasks (MDCTs) by two groups of American in-service TESOL teachers in the
United States. One advantage of using MDCTs as pedagogical materials in L2 pragmatics instruction
is that they incorporate positive (i.e., the key) and negative (i.e., the distractors) evidence, both of
which have been demonstrated to facilitate language learning in SLA research. The other advantage is
that they prepare students for multiple-choice standardized tests, which are very common in
test-oriented educational systems like Taiwan, China, Japan and Korea. In this study, we asked one
group of teachers to design MDCTs based on social appropriateness. Four months later, we asked the
other group of teachers to rate and comment on the content and form of the learner speech act data.
Each teacher was then required to construct a multiple-choice pragmatics task with a balance between
social appropriateness and grammatical accuracy. We close our paper by discussing the pragmatics
tasks created by these teachers and suggesting construction principles as a guide to teaching, learning
and assessing L2 pragmatic competence.
Is Self-efficacy Correlated with English Proficiency Levels? —A Case Study of Taiwanese Arts Students
Authors: Tseng Min-chen
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between arts students’ English proficiency level and their self-efficacy. Many studies have proved that self-efficacy is a significant predictor of learning and achievement (Multon, Brown, & Lent, 1991; Pajares, 1996, 1997; Schunk & Pajares, 2005). Does this apply to arts students? Arts students spend most of their time practicing skills related to their professions. They have great confidence with what they were doing in their own fields, but they have to sacrifice the time that could be spent studying English. Therefore, are arts students’ self-efficacy correlated with their English proficiency levels? A total of sixty-eight students participated in this study. They were equally divided into two groups: High Proficiency Learners (HPL) and Low Proficiency Learners (LPL). The results show that there was no significant correlation between students’ English proficiency levels and their self-efficacy levels. The results did not support Bandura’s theory. However, the findings did indicate that although arts students’ English proficiency levels were poor, especially for students in the LPL group, they did believe that they had the ability to achieve a certain task. They did well in their professions but not in English. Further studies and more qualitative and quantitative data on arts students are needed.
Teaching of Poetry to Saudi ESL Learners: Stylistics Approach
Authors: Ahmad Jameel
Published: November 2016

Poetry can offer a wide range of language learning opportunities to ESL learners if it’s taught interactively and linguistically. Poetry is embellished with rhythm, beautiful diction and elevated grammatical features. These features can serve as a powerful stimulus to ESL students in learning grammar, vocabulary and integrated language skills. Some of the researchers pointed out that Poetry was taught in literature class but it was predominantly a teacher centered and nothing more than a dramatic monologue, so it failed to improve students’ language skills and creative analysis. The present study aims to explore how stylistics approach can be used as a powerful teaching resource to enrich grammar, vocabulary and integrated language skills of Saudi ESL learners. Four statistical surveys were conducted such as to elicit the impression of teachers and the impression & performance of Saudi students at Saudi universities. Statements pertinent to different aspects of poetry were used for major data collection. The findings marked a significant difference between the performance of stylistics based learners and traditional based learners in vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and integrated language skills. Unlike traditional method, the stylistics approach for teaching poetry was found very exciting, because it was learners centered and based on repertoire of interactive language exercises. As per the findings of the four surveys conducted in this study, the stylistics approach for teaching poetry in ESL classroom was perceived by both Saudi teachers and students as an enjoyable means to enrich and energize the learning environment of an ESL classroom.
Qualitative Study of Iranian English University Entrance Examination in the light of Positive Washback Strategies
Authors: Kheirkhah Hassan , Ghonsooly Behzad
Published: November 2016

Washback refers to the extent to which the introduction and use of a test influences language teachers and learners to do things they would not otherwise do (Alderson and Wall, 1993, as cited in Fulcher and Davidson, 2007:224). According to the effect of examinations on what we do in the classroom, we may refer to ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ washback (Brown, 2000 & 2002). The aim of the present study is to determine whether the recent versions of the Iranian English university entrance examination have observed the criteria set for the creation and promotion of positive washback. In doing so, the last three versions of the Iranian English university entrance examination for the Humanities (IEUEEH), as the representative of such tests, were purposefully sampled and analyzed qualitatively on Brown (2000) positive washback strategies. Also, to avoid subjective analysis, where needed, through convenient sampling forty one English teachers in different parts of Mashhad (the Iranian second largest city) were interviewed on such positive washback strategies regarding (IEUEEH). Findings showed that most of the positive washback strategies had not been observed by the last three versions of the IEUEEH. Only two or three of such strategies had been fairly observed. As a result, it seems that in most cases the last three versions of the IEUEEH have negatively influenced the Iranian English language teaching and learning program.
The Role and Impact of English as a Language and a Medium of Instruction in Saudi Higher Education Institutions: Students-Instructors Perspective
Authors: Ryhan Ebad,
Published: November 2016

English as a medium of Instruction in higher education institutions across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a debatable subject. The Ministry of Higher Education mandates English as the Medium Instruction (EMI) in all the higher education institutions across the kingdom. Since Arabic is the mother tongue of the natives and the only spoken language in the entire region, it is the only medium of instruction in all the schools up to the secondary level. English is formally introduced as the language of instruction in undergraduate level. This sudden shift in language produces a barrier which creates chaos and repulsive issues with the medium of instruction. All the universities have their separate English Language Centre (ELC) as well as Preparatory Year Program (PYP) where they intensively train and prepare students for the English language. Emphasis is laid upon improving students reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. However, many studies conducted to examine the issue of medium of instruction have revealed an existence of a huge gap between teaching and learning, knowledge acquisition, and overall understanding of the subjects using English medium of instruction. Arabization is also a major contributing factor in making the situation difficult. Students and instructors encounter high levels of challenges and obstacles during the course of classroom instruction. This paper identifies the gap between English medium instruction (EMI) and Arab medium instruction (AMI) and investigates the root cause of the issues taking into account the reports of other case studies. The paper concludes with recommendations to address these issues.
Hypothesis of Interaction: Reflections on its Theoretical and Practical Contributions for Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
Authors: Al Khateeb Ahmed A.
Published: November 2016

This article is about one of the most influential hypothesis in the fields of applied linguistics and language learning. It is based on the work of a number of scholars who contributed to the understanding of this hypothesis such as Steve Krashen, Mike Long, Teresa Pica and Merrill Swain. It starts with a brief introduction about the significance of interaction hypothesis generally in language learning in general and its central role in second language acquisition (SLA). The next section reviews some of the fundamental works and studies that have investigated the theoretical and practical understanding of this phenomenon and its relationship to learners’ achievement. It also highlights the contribution of interaction hypothesis to learning in two basic areas: noticing and feedback. There are explanatory examples presented in the following section in order to show how interactional modification techniques are used by learners. The last section presents some concluding thoughts pertaining to this topic with a focus on how it can be employed in language learning classrooms.
Adopting a Learner-Centered Methodology at Sultan Qaboos University
Authors: Al-Humaidi Salma
Published: November 2016

Sultan Qaboos University implemented a project for adopting a learner-centered methodology in the preparation program of the teacher-trainees of English at the College of Education. The learning materials package used in the project was developed as a result of the collaboration of two parities: Sultan Qaboos University and the American Partnership Initiative represented by Seward Incorporated. In the package, two independent variables have been manipulated: (1) the principles of the learner-centered method and the e-learning Moodle platform. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of this project. To this end, two research tools (an achievement test and a student attitudinal feedback form) were developed, validated and applied to 150 ELT student teachers divided into four experimental groups and three control groups. The students in the experimental groups cover the developed package whereas those in the control groups cover the same topics in the package adopting the traditional method, (i.e. lecturing and face-to-face teaching). Preliminary indicators and views of the participants (faculty and students) show that the project is effective and successful for more than one reason: (1) involving students in active learning processes and tasks, (2) minimizing the use of lectures as the principle mode of instruction, (3) giving students increased ownership of their learning, (4) fostering team work and cooperative learning, and (5) manipulating technology and e-learning efficiently. Numerating these benefits, however, does not mean the absence of problems to do with the quantity of the readings and assignments, use of technology, and the nature of the tasks accompanying the topics.
An Investigation of the Extraverts-Introverts Speaking Anxiety in English Classes
Authors: Hamedi Seyyedeh Mina
Published: November 2016

The present study aims at investigating the relationship between the extraversion level and  speaking anxiety in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context on the one hand, and to testify the relationship between the extraversion degree and their speech fluency and speech accuracy, on the other hand. To this end, 60 advanced university students comprising 12 males and 48 females took part in the study at the quantitative phase, and 28 of them including 14 from the extraversion levels, and 14 from the introversion levels were observed on their oral performance at the qualitative phase. Based on Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation using SPSS in the quantitative section, the findings revealed a strong negative correlation between the extraversion level and public speaking anxiety on the one hand, and a strong positive correlation between the extraversion degree and speech fluency in the qualitative phase on the other hand. Speech accuracy revealed not to have any significant correlation with the extraversion degree. Indeed, extraversion-introversion seems to be one of the major personality differences that has grabbed the attention of the psycholinguists, in particular (Dornyei,2005); henceforth, it would be worthwhile to clarify the underlying characteristics of this construct to gain a  more comprehensive view of this personality type indicator, respectively.
Integration of Stimulated Recall, Self-Observation, and Retrospective Interview in the Collection of Strategy Data in Computer-Assisted Language Testing
Authors: Assiri Mohammed S.
Published: November 2016

Research on language learning and use strategies has made extensive use of procedures that involved self-reporting and/or -revelation in data collection. However, scholarly reviews have pointed to certain flaws associated with such procedures especially whenever one procedure was used by itself. On one hand, strategies revealed through self-reporting (e.g., questionnaires) do not accurately represent the actual strategies used in response to language tasks. On the other, self-revelation (e.g., think-alouds) interferes with strategy use on language tasks as well as task performance. Drawing on empirical evidence, this paper proposes that the integration of three procedures of verbal reporting, namely stimulated recall, self-observation, and retrospective interview, in computer-assisted research can tremendously help capitalize on their strengths and control their weaknesses.
English Medium Instruction in Universities: A Collaborative Experiment in Turkey
Authors: Macaro Ernesto , Akincioglu Mustafa , Dearden Julie
Published: November 2016

We report on a study exploring the level of success of collaboration in lesson planning between English language specialists and content teachers in Turkish universities where academic subjects are being taught through the medium of English. Although some previous research exists on collaboration of this kind at the secondary education level, and there is some reference to it in Content and Language Integrated Learning in Europe, no research to date has explored the potential for collaboration between specialists at the tertiary level. Using pre- and post intervention interviews with nine “collaborating pairs” of teachers using a “collaborative planning tool” we additionally explored content teachers’ beliefs about their students’ language competence, their conceptualization of language as a medium for understanding content, and their knowledge and beliefs about the preparatory English programme. Our findings on the whole suggest that collaboration of this sort can be highly beneficial and we provide case studies of both successful and less successful aspects of the intervention.
The Choice of Tense in Translation into the Second Language
Authors: Chen Meng-Lin , Dong Dahui
Published: November 2016

English tense is widely believed as one of the most problematic areas in the “interlanguage”, which includes non-native English speakers’ English writing and translations into the translator’s second language. This study aims to investigate the relationships between the tense choice in translation, the tense in the Chinese source text, and the translation competence of translators. A small Chinese-English parallel corpus has been built with 127 translations of Chinese press editorials by experienced native English speaking translators, experienced native Chinese speaking translators, and novice native Chinese speaking translators. Cross-tabulate analyses of this study have shown that the three groups of translators differ from one another significantly in their handling of marked Chinese past tense verbs, while they do not when translating Chinese sentences with contextually marked tense. This study suggests that in order to improve their translation quality, (1) experienced native Chinese speaking translators need to increase the percentages of Present Simple, Present Progress, Present Perfect, and Past Simple, and reduce the percentages of Past Perfect in their translation; (2) novice native Chinese speaking translators need to increase the percentages of Present Simple, and Present Progress, and reduce the percentages of Past Perfect, Past Simple, and Present Perfect in their translation.
Student Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Curriculum-Based Assessments
Authors: Racha Gloria
Published: November 2016

This study aims to investigate student teachers’ perceptions of their curriculum-based assessments. Specifically, it attempts to identify their perceptions of their four assessment tasks in a first year university course on Human Development. These tasks are a multiple choice test, article review, research paper and a formal written final examination. Data collection is done by means of semi-structured interviews and written comments. The results show broad general agreement among student teachers about both the traditional and the alternative assessment tasks. They had negative perceptions of the multiple choice test and the final examination, especially with respect to authenticity and quality of learning. Their views on the article review and the research paper were more positive as they perceived them to be highly authentic and to promote deep learning. However, they indicated concerns about some aspects of these two tasks.
Adopting and Implementing an E-Learning System for Teaching and Learning in Saudi Public K-12 Schools: The Benefits, Challenges, and Concerns
Authors: Alahmari Ayshah , Kyei-Blankson Lydia
Published: November 2016

Classera is an e-learning system that has been adopted for use in a variety of learning environments in K-12 schools in Saudi Arabia. The system can be integrated in online, blended, or traditional settings with the aim of improving teaching and learning and helping students connect with lesson content, teachers, and peers, and teachers connect with parents. The purpose of the current study is to examine the benefits, challenges and concerns surrounding the adoption and implementation of this system. An online survey was used to gather data from a sample of 70 teachers from the 12 schools in which Classera was originally piloted. The results of the study reveal high levels of teacher satisfaction with the use of Classera with benefits including easy delivering of content, facilitating student learning, and encouraging peer collaboration and teacher-parent communication. However, challenges and concerns surrounding issues such as teacher professional development, time for training, and Internet access still persist and need to be taken into consideration to ensure the successful adoption and implementation of Classera in all K-12 schools across Saudi Arabia.
Establishing the Importance of Interaction and Presence to Student Learning in Online Environments
Authors: Kyei-Blankson Lydia , Ntuli Esther , Donnelly Heather
Published: November 2016

With the growing trends in favor of online course offerings in higher education, it is important that researchers continue to focus on investigating the components vital to effectiveness. Using a survey design, the elements of interaction and presence, and their relationship and influence on student learning in an online course is examined in the current study. The findings of the study suggest that students perceive instructor-learner and learner-content interaction to be more important to their learning as compared to learner-learner interaction. In addition, teaching presence plays a more important role in student learning followed by cognitive presence and then social presence. Again, when it comes to the combination of the factors of interaction and presence, the factors that students perceive to have the most influence on their learning are teaching presence and learner-instructor interaction with the least important factor being learner-learner interaction. Overall, the results of this empirical study have implications for online course design and delivery to ensure student learning in online environments.