bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibration analysis of beams subjected to random excitation by the dual criterion of equivalent linearizationVibration analysis of beams subjected to random excitation by the dual criterion of equivalent linearization
Authors: Hieu Nguyen Nhu , Anh Nguyen Dong , Hai Ninh Quang
Published: March 2016

In this paper responses of beams subjected to random loading are analyzed by the dual approach of the equivalent linearization method. The external random loading is assumed to be a space-wise and time-wise white noise in which the exact solutions of the modal equations can be found. A system of nonlinear algebraic equations for linearization coefficients of the modal linearized system is obtained in a closed form and is solved by the fixed-point iteration method. Results obtained from the proposed dual criterion are compared with the exact solution and those obtained from other approaches including energy method, and conventional linearization method. It is observed that the solution obtained by the dual criterion is in good agreement with the exact solution, especially, in the case of strong nonlinearity of beam.
Age-specific Epidemiology of the Antibody Response Prevalence in Children with Food Allergy
Authors: Snovskaya M. A. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Semikina E. L. , Makarova S. G. , Kozhevnikova O. V. , Batyrova A. S. , Marushina A. A.
Published: March 2016

Food allergy (FA) is an important health problem which determines lower life quality of a patient and his family. Egg proteins, milk, soy, wheat, and nuts provoke FA more often but any food product may potentially cause allergic reactions. So the aim was to study the age-specific dynamics of antibody response and select the most meaningful IgE production triggers in children with PA. Materials and Methods. The study included 682 children with FA divided into groups according to age: 2−5 months, 6−18 months, 1.5−4 years, 4−10 years, older than 10 years. The IgE levels to cereals, vegetables, bananas, meat, and poultry allergens were measured in blood samples. Results. The age dynamic of IgE-positive responses was detected. The frequency of positive responses was higher in older children. The most significant IgE production triggers for 2−5 months children were allergens of potatoes, pork and cereals (8−14%); for 6−18 month children potatoes (22.7%), buckwheat (19,3%), cereals (10−15%); for 1.5−4 years children ― bananas (29.5%), cereals, carrots and potatoes (19,5−24%); for 4−10 years children ― bananas, carrots and cereals (20−28%); for the senior children ― carrots (47.5%), bananas, cereals and tomatoes (30−36%). Chicken-specific IgE-positive response was minimal for all ages, and meat or poultry specific IgE were observed in 8−15% of patients. Conclusion. Different groups of food allergens provoke sensitization in children during their life. The range of food products with low allergenic activity remains constant in various ages. Age characteristics of IgE production requires differentiated diagnosis approach.
Carotid artery stenting in the context of endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Lucena Adson F. de , Castro-Afonso Luís Henrique de , Monsignore Lucas M. , Nakiri Guilherme S. , Fábio Soraia R. C. , Pontes Neto Octávio , Abud Daniel Giansante
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT Mechanical thrombectomy as an adjunctive to intravenous thrombolysis is now the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusions. However, the best management of acute carotid tandem occlusions (CTO) remains controversial. Method Twenty patients underwent endovascular treatment of acute CTO. The primary endpoint was the composite rate of complete or partial recanalization without a symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Secondary endpoints were recanalization times, procedure times, and clinical outcomes at three months. Results The primary endpoint was reached in 17 (85%) patients. Recanalization rate was reached in 90% of patients (19/20) and sICH rate was 5% (1/20). At the 3-month follow-up we obtained a mRS ≤ 2 rate of 35% (7/20) and a mortality rate of 20% (4/20). Conclusion Carotid angioplasty stenting and endovascular treatment of AIS due to CTO appears effective with an acceptable rate of sICH.
Deforestation and malaria incidence in the legal Amazon Region between 1996 and 2012
Authors: Guimarães Raphael Mendonça , Valente Bárbara Campos , Faria Priscila Almeida , Stephanelli Lásaro Linhares , Chaiblich Juliana Valentim , Arjona Felipe Bagatoli Silveira
Published: March 2016

Abstract Malaria is a major public health problem, and Brazil is the largest contributor in America to the number of cases. In the country, the Amazon concentrates around 99.5% of the cases. This article aims to compare trends in deforestation rate and the parasite index of malaria in the Amazon region between 1996 and 2012. The annual crude rate of deforestation and the Annual Parasite Index (API) of malaria between 1996 and 2012 were estimated. The rate of deforestation has great variability among the states every year, and a similar situation is observed for malaria API over the studied period. There are important variations across the states within this period. The historical series of crude deforestation rate and malaria API have markedly similar trends; with a 1-2 years lag between them, suggesting that the occurrence of fluctuations in deforestation numbers impacts malaria numbers in a period immediately following. The mapping of deforested areas and the analysis of temporal series are therefore useful in the analysis of malaria.
Trabalho gerencial em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de municípios de pequeno porte no Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Nunes Elisabete de Fátima Polo de Almeida , Carvalho Brigida Gimenez , Nicoletto Sônia Cristina Stefano , Cordoni Junior Luiz
Published: March 2016

Visando compreender como as dimensões organizacional, política e relacional afetam o cotidiano do trabalho gerencial em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de municípios de pequeno porte do norte do Paraná, realizou-se estudo qualitativo cujos dados foram obtidos por meio de grupos focais. O enfermeiro é o que mais desenvolve a função gerencial, porém, informalmente. O modelo gerencial verticalizado e autoritário predomina, e há fragilidade no exercício frente à autonomia e ao corporativismo de profissionais. Na dimensão política, interesses político-partidários sobrepõem-se às decisões gerenciais; e, na dimensão relacional, há manifestação de conflito, com desrespeito e disputas, mas, também, colaboração, com diálogo e trabalho em equipe. Nesses municípios, os processos gerenciais são pouco desenvolvidos, necessitando de profissionalização e oficialização do cargo, além do desenvolvimento de educação permanente.
PRINCÍPIOS PEDAGÓGICOS E RELAÇÕES ENTRE TEORIA E PRÁTICA NA FORMAÇÃO DE AGENTES COMUNITÁRIOS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Pereira Ingrid D'avilla Freire , Lopes Marcia Raposo , Nogueira Mariana Lima , Ruela Helifrancis Condé Groppo
Published: March 2016

Resumo O artigo contempla reflexões teórico-epistemológicas sobre a relação entre teoria e prática na formação profissional em saúde, com base na experiência de preceptoria na formação técnica de agentes comunitários de saúde. Diversos arranjos curriculares têm colocado em pauta as dificuldades de associação entre os binômios teoria/prática e escola/mundo do trabalho. Alguns desses arranjos propostos para a formação do agente comunitário de saúde, tais como a forma como vem se configurando a modalidade concentração/dispersão, têm preservado ou mesmo fortalecido a lógica da formação para a reprodução mecânica dos procedimentos apreendidos ao longo da experiência profissional. Outros arranjos, dentre os quais a preceptoria e as práticas profissionais, sugerem a possibilidade da construção de relações mais orgânicas entre a sala de aula e o mundo do trabalho. Assim, apresentam-se as relações entre politecnia, preceptoria e práticas profissionais como proposição diante dos desafios de construção da práxis histórica desses trabalhadores.
Reproductive life history of Heterandria bimaculata (Heckel, 1848) (Poeciliinae: Poeciliidae) in the Honduran interior highlands: trait variation along an elevational gradient
Authors: Olinger Charles T. , Peoples Brandon K. , Frimpong Emmanuel A.
Published: March 2016

Abstract This study examined reproductive traits and growth rates of Heterandria bimaculata (Poeciliidae) in Cusuco National Park (CNP), a cloud forest reserve in northern Honduras, Central America. In CNP, H. bimaculata occurs in the absence of other fish species and major invertebrate predators along an approximately 1000 m elevation gradient. This allowed for the examination of trait variation along the gradient without the confounding effects of interspecific interactions or habitat patchiness. Heterandria bimaculata exhibited traits characteristic of a low-predation environment: balanced sex ratio, slow growth, late maturity and large female size. Females produced more, smaller eggs from upstream to downstream, but overall reproductive allocation remained constant along the gradient. Maximum male length and annual growth rates increased from upstream to downstream, but female growth showed no trend. The patterns of growth and reproductive allocation tradeoff are consistent with predicted response to a longitudinally-increasing productivity gradient in which food resources become more abundant downstream. Macrobrachium and Bellastoma could have caused some predation, but were sparse and patchily distributed. Fish density remained fairly constant among elevations; if food resources were limiting in upstream habitats, per-capita resource availability would be lower and density-dependent competition would drive selection for larger but fewer, more competitive offspring. Future work should quantify longitudinal changes in productivity and conduct experiments to decouple the effects of stream order and fish density dependence.
O USO ESPONTÂNEO DE ANALOGIAS POR PROFESSORES DE BIOLOGIA: OBSERVAÇÕES DA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA
Authors: Ferraz Daniela Frigo , Terrazzan Eduardo Adolfo
Published: March 2016

Este artigo é fruto de uma dissertação de mestrado onde evidenciamos o uso de analogias e metáforas de forma espontânea por professores de Biologia no Ensino Médio. Contrariamente à nossa expectativa inicial, baseada na forte presença das coleções didáticas na prática pedagógica dos professores em geral, em nossas observações evidenciamos que poucas das analogias utilizadas coincidem com aquelas presentes nas coleções didáticas adotadas pelas professoras sujeitos da pesquisa. Detectamos outras fontes de onde podem proceder as analogias utilizadas pelos docentes que são apresentadas e discutidas neste texto. Além disso discutimos os resultados referentes a incorporação das analogias ao planejamento pessoal das professoras sujeitos dessa pesquisa.
The Effect of Different Weed Management Strategies on the Growth and Yield of Direct-Seeded Dry Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: MUHAMMAD S. , MUHAMMAD I. , SAJID A. , MUHAMMAD L. , MAQSHOOF A. , NADEEM A.
Published: March 2016

Weed management is a primary concern in direct seeded rice (DSR) cropping because weed growth becomes a major constraint on crop yield. A two year field study was set up to evaluate the effect of various weed control measures on crop growth, grain yield and grain quality of DSR. The experiment involved five different weed control measures: hand weeding, hoeing, inter-row tine cultivation, inter-row spike hoeing and herbicide treatment (Nominee 100 SC). The extent of weed control (compared to a non-weeded control) ranged from 50-95%. The highest crop yield was obtained using hand weeding. Hand weeding, tine cultivation and herbicide treatment raised the number of fertile rice tillers formed per unit area and the thousand grain weight. Tine cultivation provided an effective and economical level of weed control in the DSR crop.
Impactos do uso de climatização artificial na percepção térmica em espaços abertos no centro do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Krüger Eduardo Leite , Drach Patricia Regina Chaves
Published: March 2016

Resumo Estudos de percepção térmica em espaços abertos são fundamentais para um planejamento urbano climaticamente orientado. O presente artigo investiga a percepção térmica de usuários de espaços abertos no Centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com o objetivo de analisar o impacto do uso prolongado de ar-condicionado nos votos de sensação e preferência térmicas. As respostas obtidas por meio de entrevistas estruturadas são comparadas a índices de conforto em espaços abertos (PET e UTCI), agrupando-se as respostas segundo a utilização ou não de climatização artificial, conforme reportado pelos entrevistados. As campanhas de monitoramento foram realizadas em períodos de verão entre 2012 e 2015. A organização semiexperimental da pesquisa envolveu a permanência dos equipamentos e pesquisadores em um único ponto por campanha, durante o período de 10 às 15 horas. Uma estação meteorológica Davis Vantage Pro2 foi utilizada para a coleta de dados concomitantemente à aplicação de questionários estruturados segundo a ISO 10551, aos quais incluíram-se questões acerca do uso de ar-condicionado no local de trabalho e no ambiente doméstico. Dos resultados obtidos, notou-se que o uso frequente de ar-condicionado impacta a percepção térmica dos usuários, e influencia na definição de limites de conforto em espaços abertos, para os índices PET e UTCI avaliados.
The Impact of Unconventional Monetary Policy on Firm Financing Constraints: Evidence from the Maturity Extension Program
Authors: Foley-Fisher Nathan , Ramcharan Rodney , Yu Edison
Published: March 2016

This paper investigates the impact of unconventional monetary policy on firm financial constraints. It focuses on the Federal Reserve’s maturity extension program (MEP), intended to lower longer-term rates and flatten the yield curve by reducing the supply of long-term government debt. Consistent with those models that emphasize bond market segmentation and limits to arbitrage, around the MEP’s announcement, stock prices rose most sharply for those firms that are more dependent on longer-term debt. These firms also issued more long-term debt during the MEP and expanded employment and investment. These responses are most pronounced for those firms that are larger and older, and hence less likely to be financially constrained. There is also evidence of “reach for yield” behavior among some institutional investors, as the demand for riskier corporate debt also rose during the MEP. Our results suggest that unconventional monetary policy might have helped to relax financial constraints for some types of firms in part by inducing gap-filling behavior and affecting the pricing of risk in the bond market.
O Uso de Animais em Experimentações Científicas: um Dilema para os Seres Humanos
Authors: Renata de Araújo Coelho
Published: March 2016

O presente estudo aborda, por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura, os aspectos inerentes à utilização de animais em pesquisas científicas e os dilemas que esse tema tem provocado ao longo dos tempos. Considerou-se um breve histórico do uso de animais para diversos fins pelo homem, assim como a construção moral obtida sobre essa temática com o passar dos anos e o conhecimento do manuseio dos animais pelos pesquisadores. O trabalho foi realizado a partir de diferentes fontes de pesquisas tais como: bireme, pubmed e medline. Constatou-se que houve uma regulamentação para a realização desse tipo de pesquisa e a Bioética tem um papel extremamente importante na construção de modelos que tratam o respeito aos animais. Mesmo com esses avanços é sabido que ainda existem algumas lacunas nas normas brasileiras que precisam ser preenchidas para se conseguir evitar pesquisas ou práticas didáticas que não trazem conteúdo pertinente ou novo.
Retrospective Study Of Expert Examination Performed By The Brazilian Federal Police In Investigations Of Wildlife Crimes, 2013-2014.
Authors: Sérvio Túlio Jacinto Reis  , Licia Maria Said De Lavor  , Luciana Vargas Sant’Ana  , Tália Missen Tremori  , Víctor Antonio Toledo Gonzalez  , Paula Brügger
Published: March 2016

One of the main demands for veterinary medical experts is the forensic investigation of crimes against wildlife. In Brazil, most of these crimes are related to the trafficking of wild animals, whose conducts involve the capture, transport and illegal trade of specimens. All these activities also involve various forms of animal mistreatment. This article aims to present the main types of expert examinations used in investigations of wildlife crimes through a retrospective study of records kept by the Criminalistic System of the Brazilian Federal Police in the years 2013 and 2014. The increase in the number of examinations performed in 2014, compared to the year 2013 (86.15%), was mainly focused on identification, mistreatment and investigation of bird ring forgery, reaffirming the importance of these tests in the casuistry of the Federal Police.
H1 antihistamines in allergic rhinitis: The molecular pathways of interleukin and toll - like receptor systems
Authors: Fajar Jonny Karunia
Published: March 2016

The complex interaction between inflammatory mediators in allergic rhinitis (AR) is determined by the role of genetic polymorphisms, including interleukin (IL) and toll-like receptor (TLR) genes. This study aimed to discuss the effects of H1-antihistamines on IL and TLR systems. Several ILs involved in AR pathogenesis are: IL-4 (rs2243250, rs1800925, rs1801275, rs2227284, rs2070874), IL-6 (rs1800795, rs1800797), IL-10 (rs1800871, rs1800872), IL-12R (rs438421), IL-13 (rs1800925, rs20541), IL-17 (rs3819024), IL-18 (rs360721, rs360718, rs360717, rs187238), IL-23R (rs7517847), and IL-27 (rs153109, rs17855750). In the IL system, histamines stimulate the IL production in Type 2 helper T (Th2) cells through protein kinase A (PKA), janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, and the activation of H1-histamine receptor and histidine decarboxylase (HDC) genes. On contrary, antihistamines down-regulate the H1-histamine receptor gene expression through the transcription suppression of HDC and IL genes and suppress histamine basal signaling through the inverse agonistic activity. TLRs involved in AR pathogenesis are TLR2 (rs4696480, rs3804099, rs5743708), TLR4 (rs4986790), TLR6 (rs2381289), TLR7 (rs179008, rs5935438), TRL8 (rs2407992, rs5741883, rs17256081, rs4830805, rs3788935, rs178998), and TLR10 (rs11466651). In the TLR system, histamines trigger the TLR expression by stimulating interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to up-regulate mast cells and by stimulating receptor-interacting protein (RIP) to activate IκB kinase-β. Contrastingly, antihistamines suppress TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein inducing IFN-β (TRIF) and RIP protein and thus inhibit the expression of TLR. In addition, several studies indicated that H1-antihistamines inhibit the IL and TLR systems indirectly.
Atuação do Ministério Público do Trabalho relacionada à saúde do trabalhador e meio ambiente de trabalho na Justiça do Trabalho (2000-2014)
Authors: Diniz Caroline Da Cunha , Romero Luiz Carlos Pelizari
Published: March 2016

O estudo analisa as sentenças proferidas nas Ações Civis Públicas propostas pelo Ministério Público do Trabalho nas Varas Trabalhistas da 10ª Região (Distrito Federal e Tocantins), relacionadas à saúde do trabalhador e meio ambiente de trabalho, no período de 2000 a 2014, verificando suas características e a repercussão da Emenda Constitucional nº 45, de 2004. Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, por meio de banco de dados secundário, do sítio do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 10ª Região. Das 633 sentenças proferidas, 70 tratam de saúde do trabalhador e ambiente de trabalho, notando-se intensificação da atuação do Ministério Público do Trabalho após a Reforma do Judiciário. Quanto à atividade econômica da empresa demandada, predominou a construção civil e atividades relacionadas a ela; quanto ao objeto, houve predomínio de inobservância dos limites legais para duração da jornada de trabalho. Quando à norma jurídica, foram invocadas com maior frequência os artigos da Constituição e a norma relacionada com equipamento de proteção individual. Verificou-se elevada frequência de deferimento da antecipação dos efeitos da tutela e julgamento com procedência da ação. Apesar dessa atuação, os índices de acidentes de trabalho e doenças ocupacionais têm progredido tanto em nível regional quanto nacional, exigindo coalizão do poder público em prol dessa questão de saúde pública.
Regular Elements of the Semigroup Bx(D) Defined by Semilattices of the Class Σ2(X,8), when Ζ7 ∩ Z6 =Ø and their Calculation Formulas
Authors: Diasamidze Yasha , Tsinaridze Nino
Published: March 2016

The paper gives description of regular elements of the semigroup Bx(D) which are defined by semilattices of the class Σ2(X,8), for which intersection the minimal elements is empty. When X is a finite set, the formulas are derived, by means of which the number of regular elements of the semigroup is calculated. In this case the set of all regular elements is a subsemigroup of the semigroup Bx(D) which is defined by semilattices of the class Σ2(X,8).
África: ¿el continente olvidado?
Authors: Acuña Barrantes Henry
Published: March 2016

Décadas atrás, África había estado relegada a un segundo plano, pero desde que China empezó a invertir y a asentarse en territorio africano hace varios años, numerosos países comenzaron también a mostrar interés por el continente. Y en esa perspectiva, a medida que mejora la reputación de África como territorio viable para la inversión, aumenta su importancia comercial. A diferencia del momento del cambio de milenio, cuando se consideraba el continente un caso perdido, ahora existe un renovado optimismo gracias a las mejoras de los indicadores sociales y económicos. Al respecto, autores como Serge y Beuret dicen lo siguiente:

[…] China ha conseguido un objetivo esencial: volver a dar a África verdadero valor, tanto a los ojos de sus habitantes como en el extranjero. Nunca Occidente se había interesado tanto por África como desde que China partió a su conquista. Estadounidenses, europeos, japoneses o australianos, todos han captado el mensaje. Han comprendido que si los chinos se desplazan e invierten hasta ese punto en el continente, prestan, compran y venden, es que debe haber un interés que ellos habían subestimado.  
Renewing the Study of Public Sector Unions in Canada.
Authors: Camfield David
Published: March 2016

A renewal of the study of public sector unionism in Canada is long overdue. This article explains why public sector unions deserve more attention from researchers than they have received of late and proposes that studies of public sector unions would benefit from adopting a new theoretical framework that conceptualizes contemporary unions as not only labour relations institutions but also as particular kinds of working-class movement organizations within a historically-specific class formation. It also identifies two obstacles to the production of accounts of contemporary public sector unions from this perspective.
SPECIAL SECTION ON RETHINKING LENINISM: Introduction
Authors: Levant Alex
Published: March 2016

Consulting Editor, Special Section on "Rethinking Leninism" This special section on ‘Rethinking Leninism’ emerges from sessions organized at the Society for Socialist Studies’ Annual Meetings, held at the Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences in May 2009 at Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The articles re-consider Lenin’s legacy, suggesting new ways of understanding his political thought and the implications for political strategies on the left today. Cette section spéciale sur le theme ‘Re-penser le léninisme’ est le résultat de sessions organisées lors des réunions annuelles de la société pour les études socialistes, qui se sont déroulées pendant le Congrès des sciences humaines en mai 2009 à Carleton University à Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Les articles réinterrogent l’héritage de Lénine, suggérant des nouvelles manières de comprendre sa pensée politique et leurs conséquences en termes de stratégie politique pour la gauche aujourd’hui.
Susanne Soederberg, Global Governance in Question: Empire, Class and the New Common Sense in Managing North South Relations.  Winnipeg and London: Arbeiter Ring Publishing and Pluto Press, 2006, 206 pp., $24.95 paper.
Authors: Misgeld Dieter
Published: March 2016

Academics and activists who have followed the discussions of globalization in the World Social Forum literature and in progressive publications will readily agree with Soederberg that globalization does not simply signify an “inevitable and unstoppable” (26) process. In focusing on the concept of global governance, she contributes to the critical problematization of an international economic regime which all too frequently is treated as benevolent in its consequences and independent of politics. Soederberg strongly resists mythological descriptions of global (and regional) financial and other economic regimes, by pursuing an historical - materialist analysis of the emergence of the relevant organizations and institutions, always identifying the role of power, political influence and political planning in their construction. She nimbly walks the reader through a plethora of institutions which even the informed lay-person and political activist will not know how to distinguish. She obviously possesses enormous knowledge of their workings and their history. In this sense this is a very useful book to read, particularly for those who are not specialists in the fields of international relations, Third World development or the politics of international financial institutions.
Public Service Delivery System and E-Governance Projects in India: An Overview
Authors: Pankan Nishitha , Radhakrishnan Dr. N.
Published: March 2016

Public services are considered to be an important notion of governance system. Governance can be used in several contexts such as corporate governance, international governance, national governance and local governance. Providing effective public services with minimum cost in all of these levels is always a dilemma in the part of government. E-governance is one of resolving innovative project of the government to strengthen public service delivery system. This paper will examine the e-governance initiatives in India, its role in efficient public service delivery. The paper will also evaluate its scope, performance, challenge and prospects. The study is based on secondary data sources. The data have been collected from various published and unpublished data sources like publications of government of India, annual reports of Electronics and Information of various years; various study reports, websites of Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India etc. The paper concluded that the e-governance project reached every citizen at the grass root level and provided them with information, access to different government services there by ensuring inclusive growth so that the gains from increased national income are shared by all sections society.
Moroccan Muslim Women Fulbrighters and Social Change
Authors: BELBACHA Mohammed
Published: March 2016

This paper sets out to investigate the relationship between Moroccan Muslim women's educational travel to America and social change in their homeland. Obviously, over the past few decades, many Moroccan Muslim women from different walks of academic and professional life were selected as Fulbright grantees within the well-known Fulbright program with a view to improving their professional profiles and broadening their research horizons in America. Back to Morocco, after completing the period assigned to them, many Muslim women Fulbrighters, impacted by the cross-cultural education and training they were exposed to, have launched and participated in a plethora of projects and initiatives in an attempt to effect change in their own society in light of what they learnt in America. In the course of my paper, the focus will be put on some of these projects and initiatives and the ways these women have gone through to induce a feasible social change in the Moroccan society, including their new acquired conceptions of gender and feminist orientations. Equally important, the paper will simultaneously examine the impact of Fulbright program on Moroccan Muslim women grantees themselves.
Az anyanyelvi és az idegen nyelvi spontán beszéd temporális jellemzői
Authors: Gyarmathy Dorottya , Auszmann Anita , Neuberger Tilda
Published: March 2016

Az idegen nyelv tanulása során a beszélő számos kihívással találhatja szembe magát; tudatos erőfeszítéseket kell tennie annak érdekében, hogy elsajátítsa az adott nyelv beszédhangjaira jellemző artikulációs konfigurációt, a szükséges szókincset, a nyelvtani szabályokat és szerkezeteket. A spontán beszéd temporális szerveződése nagyrészt automatikusan zajlik, amelyet nagymértékben meghatároz az is, hogy a beszélő milyen nyelvi kompetenciával rendelkezik az adott nyelven. A jelen kutatás alap-, közép- és felsőfokú angol nyelvtudással rendelkező magyar anyanyelvű adatközlők spontán beszédét vizsgálta mindkét nyelven. Elemezte a beszéd időviszonyait, a szünettartási stratégiákat, a beszédszakaszok alakulását és a beszédtempót. Az előzetes hipotézis szerint minél magasabb a nyelvtudás szintje, annál inkább követi az anyanyelvi mintázatot az idegen nyelvi megnyilatkozás. A kutatás eredményei nagy jelentőséggel bírnak mind a nyelvtanulás, mind a nyelvoktatás területén.
Вариабельность биолюминесценции Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz (Ctenophora: Lobata) при регенерации
Authors: Машукова О. В. , Токарев Ю. Н.
Published: March 2016

Работа посвящена актуальной теме измерения реакции биолюминесцентного свечения планктонтов, используемой в качестве стандартизованного и надежного биофизического метода. Ранее нами показана видоспецифичность особенностей светоизлучения Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 и Beroe ovata Mayer, 1912, изменение параметров их биолюминесценции (амплитуды, энергии, а также длительности светоизлучения) в зависимости от температурных, трофических и других условий. Целью настоящих исследований было выявление вариабельности свечения черноморского гребневика M. leidyi в процессе его регенерации после воздействия хищника ― B. ovata. Определение характеристик биолюминесценции гребневиков проводили при помощи лабораторного комплекса «Свет». Биолюминесценцию ктенофор исследовали методом механической и химической стимуляции. Установлено, что после повреждений гребневики с сохранённым статоцистом активно двигаются, при этом показатели их свечения минимальны: по амплитуде ― 17,08 квант·с−1·см−2 и 1,37 с при химической стимуляции и 14,85·108 квант·с−1·см−2 и 1,25 с при механическом воздействии соответственно. После полной регенерации происходит восстановление массы тела ктенофор до исходных значений и увеличение амплитуды их биолюминесценции до максимального уровня: (332,33 ± 16,61·108) при химической и (219,45 ± 10,97·108) квант·с−1·см−2 при механической стимуляциях. Сделаны предположения о факторах, влияющих на интенсивность регенерации ктенофор M. leidyi и вариабельность их свечения в продолжение этого процесса. Таким образом, показана возможность использования биолюминесценции для уточнения экологических особенностей данного вида.
Многолетняя динамика загрязнения органическими веществами донных осадков бухты Круглая (Севастополь, Чёрное море)
Authors: Тихонова Е. А.
Published: March 2016

Актуальность исследования загрязнения бухты Круглая обусловлена неблагоприятной обстановкой в её акватории в сезоны с усиленным антропогенным прессом и условиями среды, благоприятными для активизации процессов роста биологических объектов. Особенно это касается загрязнения органическими веществами, как от аварийных источников, так и при естественных процессах жизнедеятельности населяющих биотопы организмов. Конечным пунктом миграции и осаждения этих веществ являются донные осадки, анализ которых даёт возможность представить устойчивую картину загрязнения. Поэтому целью работы стала оценка многолетних изменений состояния донных осадков в бухте Круглая. Материалом для исследования послужили пробы донных осадков, отобранные в бухте Круглая дночерпателем Петерсена. В подготовленных соответствующим образом воздушно-сухих пробах находили общее количество хлороформ-экстрагируемых веществ ― весовым методом, нефтяных углеводородов ― методом инфракрасной спектрометрии. В результате анализа многолетней динамики загрязнения органическими веществами донных осадков бухты Круглая (Севастополь, Чёрное море) в период 2006–2015 гг. выявлены его неравномерное распределение по акватории бухты и явная приуроченность к источникам загрязнения. Наиболее чистой является центральная часть акватории, а наиболее загрязнённой ― вершина бухты, где на отдельных точках степень загрязнения достигает IV уровня. Об интенсивном накоплении загрязняющих веществ на станции 01 свидетельствую высокие концентрации  хлороформ-экстрагируемых веществ (на самой станции ― 900, в прибрежных наносах вблизи станции ― 620 мг·100 г−1 воздушно-сухого донного осадка). Таким образом, отмечено общее снижение концентрации хлороформ-экстрагируемых веществ за весь период исследований, за исключением станции 02, но доля нефтяных углеводородов выше по всей акватории вершины б. Круглой.
Technology Focus: Multilateral/ Extended-Reach Wells (May 2015)
Authors: Aadnoy Bernt
Published: March 2016

Technology Focus

The development of multilateral wells and long-reach wells has become important to maximizing recovery for many oil fields. These technologies are often applied in offshore environments, where large reservoir areas are drained from one or more platforms.

In the late 1980s, long-reach wells started to use existing infrastructure better by drilling beyond the design limits at that time. Several major operators were extending their limits, and, in the late 1990s, BP’s Wytch Farm showed that a horizontal departure exceeding 10 km was feasible. This had a significant effect on the industry because offshore platforms now could be designed for up to 10-km reach as opposed to the early 1980s, where 3-km reach was common. A field could now be developed with one platform instead of three, resulting in enormous savings.

Multilateral-well technology also matured during the past 2 decades. There were many drivers for this development. One of the most important was the desire to increase production in tight reservoirs. Another advantage is directional control. Well stimulation with fracturing has the drawback that the fracture direction is controlled by the in-situ stresses in the rock. Multilateral branches, on the other hand, can be drilled in any direction.

There is a considerable technology development around these technologies. Those that help clear the challenges such as those related to wellbore stability, wellbore friction, equipment limitations, and operational aspects can be considered mature technologies today.

The main benefit from directional drilling is the maximizing of reservoir recovery. From this perspective, multilateral/extended-reach wells may be considered one of the most important means of improved oil recovery.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE/IADC 163525 Setting Free the Bear: The Challenges and Lessons of the Ursa A-10 Deepwater ERD Well by John Gradishar, Shell, et al.

SPE/IADC 163487 Case History of a Challenging Thin-Oil-Column Extended- Reach-Drilling Development at Sakhalin by Vishwas P. Gupta, ExxonMobil, et al.

SPE 170831 Going Long—Overcoming Challenges in Completing 3600-m Laterals by R. Liston, Step Energy Services, et al.
Climate change impact assessment on water resources in Iran: applying dynamic and statistical downscaling methods
Authors: Danesh Azin Shahni , Ahadi Mohammad Sadegh , Fahmi Hedayat , Nokhandan Majid Habibi , Eshraghi Hadi
Published: March 2016

As a result of inappropriate management and rising levels of societal demand, in arid and semi-arid regions water resources are becoming increasingly stressed. Therefore, well-established insight into the effects of climate change on water resource components can be considered to be an essential strategy to reduce these effects. In this paper, Iran's climate change and variability, and the impact of climate change on water resources, were studied. Climate change was assessed by means of two Long Ashton Research Station-Weather Generator (LARS-WG) weather generators and all outputs from the available general circulation models in the Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse-gas Induced Climate Change-SCENario GENerator (MAGICC-SCENGEN) software, in combination with different emission scenarios at the regional scale, while the Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) model has been used for projections at the local scale. A hydrological model, the Runoff Assessment Model (RAM), was first utilized to simulate water resources for Iran. Then, using the MAGICC-SCENGEN model and the downscaled results as input for the RAM model, a prediction was made for changes in 30 basins and runoffs. Modeling results indicate temperature and precipitation changes in the range of ±6 °C and ±60%, respectively. Temperature rise increases evaporation and decreases runoff, but has been found to cause an increased rate of runoff in winter and a decrease in spring.
Do You Eat or Not? Predation Behaviour of European Catfish (Silurus glanis) Toward Live Bait on a Hook
Authors: Boulêtreau Stéphanie , Verdeyroux Pascal , Lorthiois Elise , Azémar Frédéric , Compin Arthur , Santoul Frédéric
Published: March 2016

We filmed and analysed, in natural and field conditions, behaviours of large-bodied European catfish (Silurus glanis) individuals (body size ranging from 80 to 220 cm) exposed to a hook baited with 20 cm-long Carassius spp. Among a total of 95 individuals observed, 80 % of the catfish clearly demonstrated interest in the bait but attacks were performed only 25 % of the time and only 12.5 % of fish were hooked. More than half of the individuals (55 %) were observed swimming toward the bait and then turning around or tasting it without performing any attacks. These observations showed that individual fish motivation and behaviour are important factors in determining whether European catfish are attracted to bait and eventually hooked.
On Theophylact’s in Defense of Eunuchs (I)
Authors: Krsmanovic Bojana , Todorovic Darko
Published: March 2016

The first part of this paper analyzes a text by Theophylact of Ohrid known as
In Defense of Eunuchs. In terms of its genre and topic, this work stands
alone in Byzantine literature. Through a dialogue between the two
interlocutors - a monk and a eunuch, Theophylact challenges the traditional
representation of eunuchs. He particularly focuses on the condemnation of
castration in Ecclesiastical Canons and secular legislation (of the late
Roman Empire and Byzantium). Theophylact highlights the ambivalence of the
views on eunuchs in Byzantine society, demonstrating that castration as such
did not necessarily lead to the marginalization of the castrated individual.
The most important part of Theophylact?s Defense offers a comparison between
?the bearded? and eunuchs in monastic orders. Also, the affirmation of
freedom of choice between good and evil and insisting that an individual
should be judged according to his own deeds is the guiding idea of
Theophylact?s Defense. The second part of the paper contains a Serbian
translation of Theophylact?s text with a commentary. Besides the French
translation by the editor of the critical edition P. Gautier, this is the
second complete translation of the Greek original. It deviates from Gautier?s
version in several places, offering alternative readings of ambiguous places.
The Myhrr-exuding tomb of St Symeon of Serbia at Studenica: A fresh look
Authors: Popovic Danica , Popovic Marko
Published: March 2016

The latest results of the investigation of the royal tombs at the monastery
of Studenica, Serbia, have inspired a reconsideration of the place of burial
of some members of the Nemanjic family. There is further evidence that the
tomb and sarcophagus of the ktetor, Stefan Nemanja, formed part of the
original design for the church. Based on their construction and comparative
material, it is assumed that the relics of St Symeon, upon their translation
to Studenica, were laid in the sarcophagus from which they exuded myrrh. The
myrrh-exuding of St Symeon is looked at against the broader background of
cult practice in the Byzantine world.
The agreement to exchange (permutatio) in roman, Byzantine and Serbian mediaeval law
Authors: Sarkic Srdjan
Published: March 2016

The first part of this paper is dedicated to the definition of the agreement
to exchange (permutatio) and emphasizes the difference, made by Roman
lawyers, between exchange (barter) and sale (emptio-venditio). The second
part analyses Byzantine legal sources that mention this old contract, while
the third part is dedicated to Serbian legal documents. In Serbian legal
documents the exchange was mentioned as the agreement between a monarch and a
monastery or a natural person (individual), concerning donations that were
given to the Church.
The Association between Executive Pay Structure and the Transparency of Restatement Disclosures
Authors: Hogan Brian , Jonas Gregory A.
Published: March 2016

SYNOPSIS

Restatement disclosures have evolved into two basic categories: reissuances (Big “R”) and revisions (little “r”). A reissuance restatement requires an 8-K filing, whereas a revision restatement can be disclosed in less transparent ways. The high-transparency of a reissuance restatement disclosure (8-K) results in a greater likelihood of negative effects on companies, executives, and auditors (e.g., Plumlee and Yohn 2008; Burks 2010). Determining whether an 8-K filing is required involves judgment regarding materiality of the restatement, thus creating ambiguity as to the correct disclosure method. Such judgment also introduces the potential to opportunistically choose the method of disclosure. We study the restatement disclosure choices of companies to examine whether executive pay structure is associated with disclosure transparency. Using a sample of 1,178 restatements from the years 2004 through 2013, our results show that as the equity proportion of executive pay increases, the likelihood of a high-transparency disclosure decreases. However, as the difference in pay structure between the CEO and CFO increases, the likelihood of a high-transparency disclosure increases. Overall, our results suggest that executive pay structure influences disclosure choice and that pay structure differences between the CEO and CFO may mitigate such influence.

Data Availability: All data are available from public sources identified in the paper.
Propensity Score Matching in Accounting Research
Authors: Shipman Jonathan E. , Swanquist Quinn T. , Whited Robert L.
Published: March 2016

Propensity score matching (PSM) has become a popular technique for estimating average treatment effects (ATEs) in accounting research. In this study, we discuss the usefulness and limitations of PSM relative to more traditional multiple regression (MR) analysis. We discuss several PSM design choices and review the use of PSM in 86 articles in leading accounting journals from 2008–2014. We document a significant increase in the use of PSM from zero studies in 2008 to 26 studies in 2014. However, studies often oversell the capabilities of PSM, fail to disclose important design choices, and/or implement PSM in a theoretically inconsistent manner. We then empirically illustrate complications associated with PSM in three accounting research settings. We first demonstrate that when the treatment is not binary, PSM tends to confine analyses to a subsample of observations where the effect size is likely to be smallest. We also show that seemingly innocuous design choices greatly influence sample composition and estimates of the ATE. We conclude with suggestions for future research considering the use of matching methods.

Data Availability: All data used are available from sources cited in the text.
Viewpoint: Synthesis, range management science, and the Journal of Range Management
Authors: Scarnecchia David L. ,   Society for Range Management
Published: March 2016

This paper analyzes the kinds of publications that are currently accepted by the Journal of Range Management, and in view of the evolving identity of range science, proposes a review of the those kinds of papers by the Editorial Board. The paper explores the kinds of papers that would help the Journal in identifying and developing range management science. It suggests a modified emphasis directed at increasing conceptual creativity, and developing explicit, integrative linkages and communications of range management science. In practice, this revision involves increased publication of synthesis papers, and increased emphasis of synthesis in the Journal's publications in general. Major benefits to the Journal would likely be increased diversity of published papers, broader professional diversity of authorship, increased readership, and increased effectiveness in serving and encouraging range management science.
Bridges, Sustainability and the Structural Engineer
Authors: Martin Andrew
Published: March 2016

Sustainability presents a broad range of complex and inter-related challenges to all those involved with bridges: as owners, designers, contractors, maintainers and users. This paper seeks to identify the attributes of a sustainable approach to bridges. The fundamental component aspects of sustainability that relate to bridges will be identified and discussed, under the headings of environment, society and economics. The life-cycle of a bridge is then examined, with the purpose of identifying how and when the competing priorities of these ‘aspects’ can be brought together to give integrated and comprehensive solutions. Aspects of some sustainability tools that are available to assist bridge engineers are then presented.
Durability Features of the Vimy Memorial Bridge
Authors: Ajrab Jack , Anderson W. Victor , Delph Marcel , Montminy Sylvain , O'Connell Ryan
Published: March 2016

The Vimy Memorial Bridge is a new structure crossing the Rideau River in Ottawa, Canada. The Rideau River at the bridge location is part of the Rideau Canal System, a recognized National Historic Site in Canada and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. An overhead structure, comprised of steel tubular triple arches, that spans the entire waterway with a 125m main span, exceeded the imposed design requirements and resulted in an iconic gateway structure. The bridge design incorporated several durability features to achieve the 100-year design life and to minimize future works to the bridge at this nationally significant site.
Corrosion Protection Plan Requirements in APD: Defining Requirements
Authors: Elza Peter
Published: March 2016

Emerging best practices for using Corrosion Protection Plans as a means to show compliance with performance-based service life requirements in Alternative Project Delivery contexts are presented and discussed, stemming from the author’s experience with various clients, service life consultants and project delivery methods.
Reevaluation of the Design Loads for an Existing Avalanche Protection Gallery - A Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Fischer Katharina , Schubert Matthias , Schaer Mark , Margreth Stefan , Schellenberg Kristian
Published: March 2016

When planning maintenance and repair actions, the owners of existing structures are often faced with the problem that the structure cannot be verified any more with the current design codes. The expected costs of retrofitting can be significant, which raises the question whether investments are proportionate or whether a lower reliability level can be accepted for a particular structure. The present paper shows how target reliabilities can be defined based on risk and efficiency considerations and how design values for loads and/or resistances can be derived from this design target. The focus is on avalanche loads on protection galleries, for which no standard probabilistic models exist. The derivation of probabilistic load distributions from scenarios and return periods estimated by experts is discussed. The methods are applied to a real structure in the Swiss Alps, illustrating the benefits of the risk-based, probabilistic approach.