bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of various massage gun percussive therapy protocols on physiological adaptations
Authors: Sams Lorna , Langdown Ben , Simons Joan , Vseteckova Jitka
Published: June 2024

Current protocols for delivering percussive therapy (PT) using massage guns are heterogenetic creating a need to establish the impact of study design on physiological measures and the standardisation of future research. This study aimed to determine the most effective protocol on lower body strength, net impulse, and flexibility, and to support the provision of protocol validation for future research. With institutional ethics approval, a convenience sample of recreationally active healthy adults (n = 35; a-priori calculation suggested 34 participants) with no lower body massage gun PT experience, undertook two main protocols; three sessions per week at 2100 rpm or increasing the speed for each session: 1750 to 2100 to 2400 rpm. PT was applied at tolerable pressure for 60 s to each of the quadriceps, gluteals, hamstrings and calves of both legs. Paired-samples t tests (alpha levels: P = .05) assessed pre- and post-intervention data for strength, net impulse, and flexibility. These were collected in all sessions using a dynamometer, My Jump 2 app and goniometer allowing changes for eight different protocols to be reported with Cohen’s d. After three sessions a week involving increments in speed, results showed significant improvements in strength (dominant; non-dominant) of quadriceps (P = .005, d = 0.51; P < .001, d = 0.77), hamstrings (P = .001, d = 0.61; P = .006, d = 0.49) and calves (P <.001, d = 0.69; P = .015, d = 0.44), and flexibility of hamstrings (P < .001, d = 1.14; P < .001, d = 0.74) and calves (P = .04, d = 0.36; P = .005, d = 0.51). Combined lower body muscle strength (quadriceps, hamstrings and calves) increased on average by 10.1% (mean ± 2.14 kg, range ± 1.30-2.98 kg) and flexibility (hamstrings and calves) increased on average by 5.8% (mean ± 1.77°, range ± 1.70-5.66°). A significant improvement (P = 0.33, d = 0.36) was seen in net impulse after three treatments a week at 2100rpm, an increase of 3.2% (mean ± 4.75 N·s). The most effective protocol for gains in lower body strength and flexibility is applying massage gun PT three times a week with increased speeds across sessions (1750, 2100, 2400rpm). For gains in net impulse, the most effective protocol is three applications a week at 2100 rpm. Practitioners using these protocols could target specific improvements in physiological adaptations and in addition, and in addition researchers may wish to adopt these protocols to allow homogenous analysis across study populations in future research.
A Contemporary analysis of tackle height: Implications for head injury risk and tackler technique in Rugby Union
Authors: Hughes Owain , Von Lieres und Wilkau Hans , Wiltshire Huw , Irwin Gareth
Published: June 2024

Rugby tackles pose significant head injury risks, raising concerns for players' well-being. Despite advocating for lower tackle heights for safety, limited research exists explaining how tackle height influences head characteristics and tackler technique. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two tackle heights, aligned with recent law changes in the community game, on head and joint kinematics for both tackler and the ball carrier. To strengthen ecological validity, innovative techniques were employed, including markerless motion capture and Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), for tracking of the tackler's joint kinematics and head accelerations until ground contact, addressing a key limitation in previous research. Ethical approval was granted by Cardiff Metropolitan University. Ten male participants (mean ± SD age: 22 ± 3 years, stature: 184 ± 10 cm, mean mass: 94 ± 15 kg) alternated between tackler and ball carrier roles, executing upper and lower body tackles. Theia3D markerless motion capture software (Theia3Dv2022.1.0.2309, Theia Markerless, Inc., Kingston, ON, Canada) and Vicon IMeasureU Blue Trident dual-G IMUs measured tackle height's impact on head and joint kinematics. Discrete joint angles at key events and continuous joint angles normalised from 0% at Step 1 to 100% at Contact were exported. Peak head accelerations and continuous normalised head acceleration data were exported. Statistical analyses included a paired t-test for discrete joint angle data and the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test for peak linear and angular accelerations. Cohen’s d and effect sizes were calculated for respective analyses. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and one-dimensional statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM) facilitated statistical differences across continuous variables of interest. Significant increases (P < 0.05) were noted in ball carriers' inertial head kinematics in the upper body tackle, while no such distinctions were observed for tacklers. The low tackle condition consistently exhibited substantial reductions in bilateral hip flexion, particularly during contact (Effect size; lead: −1.866; rear: −1.977). Lumbopelvic flexion significantly decreased in each event for the low tackle condition, with the largest effect size during contact (−3.91). These findings underscore the heightened inertial loading with higher tackles, indicating an elevated risk of head injury, despite current tackle height regulations. The adjustments made by the tackler in response to varying tackle heights are not evident in knee flexion. Increased knee flexion during the preparatory phase could alleviate the necessity for such a flexed lumbopelvic angle. This study, utilising innovative techniques, highlights the potential for more ecologically valid approaches to biomechanical research in rugby tackling.
Sex differences of 12 lead electrocardiographic findings of the rugby football league athlete
Authors: Warrington Callum , Cooper Rob , George Keith , Mill Nathan , Thompson Andy , Read Jade , Abram Jonathan , Oxborough David
Published: June 2024

Cardiac electrical adaptations occur within athlete populations. Sex-related variations in the normal athlete electrocardiogram (ECG) have been observed, with males exhibiting increased QRS and PR intervals, while females have demonstrated increased QTc intervals in university-level athletes. Male athletes also maintain greater weekly training hours compared to female athletes, which is associated with increased ECG changes. The presence of these differences within Rugby Football League (RFL) athletes is unknown. This study aimed to investigate any sex-related variations in the 12-lead ECG in RFL athletes. Fifty nine RFL athletes (32 males [age = 25 ± 5 years] and 27 females [age = 24 ± 5 years]) were included in the study. One female was excluded with inferior T wave inversion and was referred for further investigation. The 12-lead ECG was collected as part of the athlete’s pre-season cardiac screening alongside completion of a health questionnaire, assessment of height and weight and brachial artery pressure. Continuous variables (i.e. heart rate, PR interval, QRS interval etc.), were analysed using an independent t-test or a Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate. For assessment of nominal data (i.e. incidence of early repolarisation and junctional rhythm etc.) a chi-squared test or Fishers exact test were used. A Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to determine any association between training hours and ECG findings. Ethics approval was obtained from Liverpool John Moores University Ethics Committee. Height (183 ± 5 vs. 169 ± 5 cm, P <0.001), weight (95 ± 11 vs. 77 ± 11 kg, P <0.001) and weekly training hours (18 ± 5 vs. 12 ± 5 hrs, P = 0.001) were higher in male athletes. PR interval (156 ± 34 vs. 142 ± 19 ms, P = 0.002), QRS duration (98 ± 9 vs. 88 ± 7 ms, P <0.001) and incidence of early repolarisation (47% vs. 11%, P = 0.004) were greater in males. Heart rate (57 ± 9 vs. 63 ± 11 bpm P = 0.016) and QTc interval (391 ± 20 vs. 414 ± 17 ms, P <0.001) were greater in females. There was a significant negative correlation between weekly training hours and QTc interval (rs = −0.355, P = 0.009) only. In conclusion, there are significant sex-related ECG differences within RFL athletes that partially mirror previous research. These findings emphasise the importance of considering sex-related variations, during cardiac screening on RFL athletes and enhance our understanding of the normal RFL athlete ECG.
Exploring boxers' experiences of fear using Reflexive Thematic Analysis: Fear can be a longtime companion, guide and motivator
Authors: Alberton Mathias
Published: June 2024

Injury, and the pain associated with it, are recurrent elements in boxing, differentiating it from other sports in that they expose the athlete to an unavoidable existential threat (Sarkar & Fletcher, 2014, J Sports Sci, 32). Limited literature exists on the experiences of fear within the context of sport and on how it differs from anxiety (Hanin, 2000, Emotions in Sport, Champaign, Il: Human Kinetics; Nicholls & Polman, 2007, J Sports Sci, 25, 11-31). This study used a reflexive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006, Qual Res Psych, 3; Braun et al., 2016, in B. Smith & A. Sparks (Ed.) Routledge Handbook of Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise (195-203). London, New York: Routledge) to investigate how the two concepts are different from one another and how they are made sense of among professional boxers. The living individual experiences of boxers facing these stressors qualified them to be suitable subjects to learn from on the topic through a generic qualitative interpretative approach (Smith & Sparks, 2016) underpinned by relativist ontology and constructivist epistemology (Sandberg, 2005, Org Res Meth, 8, 41-68). The analysis of sixteen podcasts (available online; Alberton, 2022, Martial Attitude Voice: Spotify), with professional boxers (male/female) of different weight divisions, produced four overarching themes: 1. Fear and anxiety go hand in hand; Although nuanced as different, they can be perceived as one, apprehensive anticipation of future protective reactions to an immediate direct threat. It is argued that this anxiety/fear fusion to be a novel kind of appraisal; 2. Fear keeps us alive; Fear was re-framed as intrinsic/extrinsic greater motivator, as the boxers described how it guided and enabled them to prepare for matches with discipline. Moreover, fear was depicted as a useful tool weaponized by the boxers, providing important feedback. 3. The fear of losing everything is right there in boxers’ faces; Fear of injury is theorized to be a pivotal stressor feeding fears of possible future disabilities or death, that is the ultimate failure in life as much as in the ring; 4. Coping with fear is to be comfortable in uncomfortable situations. Self-efficacy mediated structured resilience whilst discipline was the rationalized tool to withstand the emotional task of the physical fight. Fear as an inherent component of professional boxing is highlighted as important for policymaking, whilst alternative approaches could address present limitations. Theoretical/practical implications for future interventions bespoke to boxing is considered.
Green2Gold: Piloting ‘Team GB Family Activity Trails’ as a green exercise project for improving wellbeing and outdoor physical activity engagement in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Authors: Carter Esther , Douglas Caroline , Saxton John
Published: June 2024

Systematic review evidence suggests that participation in green exercise (GE; Coventry et al., 2021, SSM-Population Health, 16, 100934) including walking (Hanson and Jones, 2015, Brit J Sports Med, 49, 710-715) can positively impact health and wellbeing. The aim of the project, titled ‘Green2Gold’, was to collaborate with The British Olympic Association to co-create ‘Team GB Family Activity Trails’, a novel GE intervention, in two locations. Signposts were installed along the walking routes containing co-designed activities linked to Olympic sports, physical activity (PA), and nature. Each signpost contained a unique QR code to provide users with additional PA and education opportunities on the project’s website. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of trail engagement on health, wellbeing, and physical activity outcomes. An a priori power analysis (G*Power 3.1) using small effect sizes suggested a sample size of at least 34 participants. With institutional ethical approval, 37 participants age 5+ were recruited to test the trails three times within a six-week period, using a within-subjects repeated-measures experimental design. Pre- and post-intervention changes in perceived health, mental wellbeing, and PA and nature engagement were collected and analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Additional post-intervention feedback on enjoyment, motivators, and barriers were collected, with frequencies and crosstabulations calculated. In-the-moment changes in perceived health, mental wellbeing, and enjoyment were measured before and after each walk and compared using two-way repeated measures ANOVAs. Analyses were conducted using JASP software (v18.1). Single-item scores for general health (P < .001), measures of mental health (P = 0.006 to 0.015), and number of days engaging in nature (P = .004) improved for both adults and children. Furthermore, significant pre-to-post intervention improvements in the perceived value of exercise and being outdoors (P = 0.015 to 0.031) and the number of days walking per week (P = 0.034) were reported for adults, with children demonstrating significantly improved future PA intention (P = .043). Overall, a significant effect of ‘Time’ was present for measures of perceived physical and mental health, fitness, nature connection, and feelings of inspiration (P < 0.05) when assessed from pre-to-post walk on three occasions. No significant effect for ‘Walk*Time’ was present. The study provides preliminary evidence to support ‘Activity Trails’ endorsed by a well-recognised sporting body, such as an Olympic Association, as a free, self-directed activity to elicit positive perceived health, mental wellbeing, and nature engagement outcomes at a community level, with potential scalability options to other greenspaces in the UK.
Physiological and cognitive responses to load carriage in the cold
Authors: Peach Marcus , Blacker Sam , Vine Christopher
Published: June 2024

Load carriage is a vital role related task for military, emergency service, and search and rescue personnel, through the transport of critical equipment. From an external validity perspective, a common oversight in previous research is the effect of multiple stressors during load carriage; for example, the inclusion of adverse environmental conditions and/or concurrent cognitive tasks. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify physiological and cognitive changes over time during military specific fast-paced lower-weight load carriage in a cold environment. With approval from the University of Chichester’s Ethics Committee, nine participants completed a load carriage task consisting of 20 min walking at 5.1 km∙h-1, 40 min walking at 6.5 km∙h-1, followed by 8 × 9 s shuttles running at 11 km∙h-1 in an environmental temperature of −10°C. Participants wore overalls whilst carrying 16 kg of external load (10 kg belt-webbing, 6 kg body armour). Throughout, measurements were taken of heart rate, core and skin temperatures, expired gas (VO2), and ratings of physical exertion and thermal comfort. Six military-specific auditory n-back tasks (MSANT) were completed across the trial. The rating scale of mental effort (RSME) quantified mental exertion during the load carriage task. Statistical differences within variables were evaluated using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc analysis employed to identify differences between timepoints. Heart rate and VO2 behaved as expected, with increases after the 5.1 to 6.5 km∙h-1 speed escalation (Pbonf< 0.001); heart rate also increased during the shuttles compared to the first 6.5 km∙h-1 collection (Pbonf = 0.003). A main effect rise for core temperature was evident (Pbonf < 0.001), increasing after 25 min at 6.5 km∙h-1 (Pbonf = 0.009). Skin temperature presented a main effect (Pbonf < 0.001) with an initial decrease and plateau occurring after 15 min. There was no main effect for MSANT or RSME at MSANT completion timepoints (P’s= 0.935 and 0.368 respectively). However, during non-MSANT completion timepoints, RSME was greater from 25 min onwards compared to 5 min (Pbonf < 0.05) signifying an increase in inter-task cognitive demand, oppose to a period of relative mental recovery. This reduced efficiency could be exacerbated during concurrent or extended physical and cognitive tasks. This study is the first to examine physiological and cognitive responses to fast-paced lower-weight load carriage in the cold, progressing understanding of occupational performance in representative environments. These performance data can inform training protocols and operation approaches by highlighting higher inter-task cognitive demand, potentially emphasising an avenue for mitigation strategies.
A study into the feasibility of replicating and improving the mechanical properties of the Wavecel helmet liner using additively manufactured auxetic structures
Authors: Tucker Harry
Published: June 2024

In the event of a cycling accident, there is evidence supporting the bicycle helmet’s role in reducing the risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite this, there is ambiguity surrounding the effectiveness and integrity of specific helmet liner technologies which claim to reduce concussion risk, such as Wavecel. This research project seeks to explore the feasibility of replicating the mechanical properties of the Wavecel metamaterial using an additively manufactured (AM) honeycomb structure. Wavecel, introduced in 2019 by Trek Bicycle Co. as part of the Bontrager sub-brand, is a helmet liner technology. Consisting of a collapsible cellular metamaterial, it functions through a network of interconnected shock absorbers that link the user’s head to the helmet shell. Upon its announcement, Wavecel claimed that its cellular lattice structure helmet liner is up to 48× more effective at preventing concussion than a standard helmet, reducing the likelihood of concussion to 1.2% during a laboratory simulated head impact (Bliven et al., 2019, Acc Analysis Prev, 124, 58-65). As one of the most commercially successful metamaterial helmet liners available on the consumer market, Wavecel is a clear demonstration that a metamaterial protection system can be mass-produced, well received by consumers and profitable for a business. To conduct this research, the properties of the Wavecel liner will be defined through impact testing. Computer-aided design (CAD) will then be used to produce several prototypes of a honeycomb structure. These prototypes will then undergo identical impact tests, aiming to replicate the mechanical properties of the Wavecel helmet liner. Comparisons will include elastic stiffness, column buckling, and response to off-axis impact. The collected data will serve as evidence for evaluating the performance and mechanical attributes of these structures, contributing to the advancement of next-generation helmet liners and sports personal protective equipment (PPE). The findings will also benefit businesses looking to develop helmets incorporating metamaterials in their liner technology.
Chainmail inspired metamaterials for use in protective sports equipment
Authors: Dunne Jai
Published: June 2024

Contact sports and action sports require intense performance yet also include a high risk of injury. Subsequently, protective equipment for those sports usually must trade flexibility for protection and vice versa. Chainmail inspired mechanical metamaterials could be a solution to this dilemma. Chainmail is a type of body armour, consisting of a structured fabric made up of thousands of interlocking metallic rings. Chainmail inspired materials have recently been made from connected 3D shapes, rather than the typical 2D (flat) rings. This chainmail inspired material is flexible when relaxed but stiff when the chains are compressed together. This ability to control the material’s stiffness means chainmail is a type of mechanical metamaterial. Mechanical metamaterials are engineered structures which derive their properties from the structure of the material, not the material itself. In relation to protective equipment, this means that these chainmail materials or fabrics, can be flexible during normal use but stiffen when indented or impacted. The flexibility of these materials can be influenced by changing the size and shape of the connecting chains but to what extent and the effect this has on their stiffness is unknown. This type of structure could improve sporting protective equipment, where (as stated before) there are various trade-offs. The aim of this project was to develop a chainmail inspired material and test the effect of varying cell sizes has on the flexibility and indentation resistance of the material. Additive manufacturing was used to create the chainmail materials and a range of indenters were used to test them, the results of which indicate that as cell size decreases and number of cells increase; their flexibility and formability increases while also maintaining a good degree of indentation resistance, when compared to larger cell sizes. Based on this work, these structures could be tailored to different sporting protective equipment where flexibility, support, and stiffness requirements may vary between normal use and collisions or falls. These chainmail inspired materials could have various applications in contact sports such as rugby, American football and ice hockey where protection for players is key to reduce the severity of injuries. Similarly, action sports such as mountain biking, skateboarding, skiing and snowboarding also necessitate a high degree of protection. An Alternative application for these materials could be as a first aid device, where the material would be formed around the injury site as a brace and stiffened with compression, such as a vacuum pack.
How athletes’ biomechanical running characteristics effect running economy during the use of running shoes with and without carbon inserts
Authors: Atherton Toby , McCarthy-Ryan Molly , Von Lieres Und Wilkau Hans
Published: June 2024

To maximise running economy (RE), shoe manufacturers placed carbon plates within the midsole of shoes. Shoe technology research is limited on understanding the variability of individual responses to carbon-plated shoes and how these responses vary across running velocities. Little research on same shoe characteristics with and without a stiff element has been completed. This study aimed to investigate how running shoes with carbon versus without a carbon composite stiff element alter individual running biomechanics and the metabolic cost of running. Ethical approval was gained from Cardiff Metropolitan University Ethics Committee. Ten male athletes (69 ± 9 kg; 174 ± 4 cm; 28 ± 9 years) completed two submaximal incremental treadmill runs. One test was completed in a shoe without carbon (C1), the other test was completed in carbon shoes (C2), the order of testing for each shoe were randomised. Running velocity started at 9 km/h and increased by 1 km/h every four mins, blood lactate samples were taken after every stage. Once 4 mmol·L−1 (OBLA; the second lactate turn point) had been reached one more stage was completed. Gas exchange was analysed throughout the whole test. The first 15 s of the final 2 minutes of each stage was recorded using Theia3D markerless motion capture software (Theia3Dv2022.1.0.2309, Theia Markerless, Inc., Kingston, ON, Canada). Data were analysed in 4 stages, the initial stage, pre-OBLA, OBLA and post-OBLA. Physiology data were averaged over the final two mins of each stage. Discrete joint angles were taken from each stage, and an average of the 15 s recording was taken for spatiotemporal measure. Data were analysed using a four-way repeat measures ANOVA, to show individual differences. Non-parametric data were analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Hedges g calculations were completed to calculate effect size (ES). Results showed significant increase in flight time (FT; P = 0.04, ES = 0.20) in the pre-OBLA stage when using C2. Metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) dorsiflexion showed significant increase during the initial stage in C2 (P = 0.05, ES = 0.8), and ankle dorsiflexion had significant increase in the post-OBLA stage in C2 (P = 0.03, ES = 0.2). The were no significant differences present in the physiology data. Across the physiological, spatiotemporal and kinematics, high dispersions around the mean were exhibited. Findings suggest that to improve RE, mechanical and spatiotemporal changes need to be present when using C2. Further findings show carbon shoes elicit highly individual responses to both RE and mechanics of running.
Stimulating Development Method to Promote Health in Children with Intellectual Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Pilayon Benjayamas , Yodsuban Pairin , Turnbull Niruwan , Chaitonthueng Chanicha , Saentho Juthaluck , A'la Muhamad Zulfatul , Rondhianto Rondhianto
Published: June 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, caregivers and parents play a crucial role in supporting individuals with intellectual disabilities, necessitating adjustments in self-care and the acquisition of essential caregiving skills. Research efforts are focused on developing effective health promotion programs and understanding the pandemic's impacts on individuals with intellectual disabilities, highlighting the importance of systematic literature reviews in synthesizing knowledge for effective caregiving during this crisis. This research aimed to systematically review literature related to stimulating development for health promotion in children with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. A systematic literature review searched keywords related to variables and sample groups. Data sources were electronic databases, including Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed. The research included studies on the care and health support of individuals with intellectual disabilities over the past 10 years, from September 1, 2021, to January 1, 2022. Among these studies, 8 were selected, focusing on stimulating development and health support for children with intellectual disabilities. The systematic review yielded four programs: 1) Health education in classrooms to promote the health of individuals with intellectual disabilities, 2) Health record registration and health check-ups to promote health, 3) Training with equipment, and 4) Weight reduction and body mass index improvement programs to promote health among individuals with intellectual disabilities. The literature review revealed an increase in knowledge about programs for stimulating development and promoting health in children with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.
Verification of a foreign business partner based on examples of chosen public open-source registers in the context of due diligence
Authors: Ćwiąkała-Małys Anna , Piotrowska Iwona
Published: June 2024

Verification of foreign business partners that are registered in European Union is possible through integrated commercial register of member states. The community trade register can be accessed via free service on the “e-Justice” website. The portals also allows one to verify the insolvency and bankruptcy register or the register of actual beneficial owners. The scope of presented information is determined by internal law of each member state. Thus there is a lack of uniformity in presenting business information regarding registered entities in individual countries. This article presents and compares internal solutions in access to public information on companies in three countries from the former Easter Block, i.e. so-called post-transformation countries, that is the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Bulgaria.
Zmiana zezwolenia na prowadzenie apteki ogólnodostępnej a zmiana lokalizacji apteki
Authors: Kowolik Tomasz
Published: June 2024

W praktyce orzeczniczej organów Państwowej Inspekcji Farmaceutycznej przyjęto, że zezwolenie na prowadzenie apteki ogólnodostępnej jest ściśle powiązane z jej lokalizacją i jakiekolwiek zmiany lokalizacji apteki (choćby w zakresie lokali w tym samym budynku) prowadzą do utraty zezwolenia. Pogląd ten nie ma wyraźnego oparcia w przepisach prawa, za to jest wynikiem procesu wykładni prawa. Skutki tej wykładni są dotkliwe i nieodwracalne dla przedsiębiorców, bowiem w obecnym stanie prawnym uzyskanie nowego zezwolenia w miejsce utraconego w praktyce jest niemożliwe. Z kolei przyczyny zmian lokalizacji apteki nierzadko są całkowicie niezależne od działań lub zaniechań przedsiębiorców. Ta sytuacja skłoniła autora do analizy przepisów prawa oraz orzecznictwa w poszukiwaniu odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy dopuszczalna jest zmiana lokalizacji apteki bez ryzyka utraty zezwolenia.
Nota introductoria al IV Congreso Internacional “Desafíos de los derechos humanos: ¿promoción y defensa en peligro?. Asociación de Estudiantes y Egresadas/os del Instituto de Derechos Humanos Gregorio Peces-Barba, Lima 29, 30 de noviembre y 1 de diciembre
Authors: Rojas Jaime
Published: June 2024

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Jordania tras la reforma política de 2021. Contexto y principales desafíos
Authors: Argüelles Lugo Álvaro de
Published: June 2024

El año 2021 marca un punto de inflexión en Jordania, con la creación de una Comisión Real para la Modernización Política. El objetivo es crear un sistema de partidos que deje atrás las dinámicas clientelistas que en el pasado habían capturado el parlamento. A pesar de ello, el legislativo sigue supeditado al resto de poderes del Estado, y todavía no existe el espacio físico ni digital para que la sociedad se organice en líneas ideológicas.
Atuação dos conselhos municipais e estaduais de segurança alimentar e nutricional no enfrentamento da pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Sallum Olívia Maria Pereira , Bernardes Milena Serenini , Ribeiro Gessimara Martins de Paiva , Toloni Maysa Helena de Aguiar
Published: June 2024

Introdução: Tem se observado um crescente desmonte de políticas públicas de segurança alimentar e nutricional. Paralelo a isso, a pandemia da COVID-19, uma das maiores crises sanitárias em escala global do século, aumentou a desigualdade social e a Insegurança Alimentar (IA). Dentro desse contexto, em função da extinção do Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (CONSEA), couberam aos municípios e estados a responsabilidade em estabelecer as ações e estratégias para mitigar o risco da Insegurança Alimentar. Objetivo: Descrever ações desenvolvidas pelos conselhos municipais e estaduais para o enfrentamento da IA durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica integrativa realizada no banco de dados de periódicos, a partir de documentos publicados entre abril e outubro de 2020. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: covid-19, segurança alimentar e nutricional, políticas públicas, conselhos municipais, conselhos e estaduais. Resultados: Foram encontrados resultados para atuação de 18 CONSEAs, sendo seis de Conselhos Municipais (COMSEA) e 12 de Conselhos Estaduais (CONSEA). Conclusão: sugere-se a ampliação e disseminação de ideias e ações desenvolvidas e implantadas pelos conselhos de segurança alimentar e nutricional, assim como apoio e divulgação da importância de sua atuação, para que tenham visibilidade e credibilidade, alcançando o maior número de estados e municípios, e a manutenção, o fortalecimento e a criação de novas políticas públicas que busquem assegurar o Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA) a todos os brasileiros.
Skin-soothing Effects of Oenothera biennis Flower Extract
Authors: Im Yeji , Roh Kyung-Baeg , You Jiyoung , Jeon Suwon , Cho Eunae , Kim Hong Bae , Park Deokhoon , Jung Eunsun
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The current study aimed to assess the use of Oenothera biennis flower extract (OBFE) as a cosmetic ingredient exhibiting potential skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory activities.Methods: O. biennis flowers were extracted with 70% ethanol and used in experiments to confirm skin-soothing efficacy. Several criteria related to skin soothing, such as antioxidant activity, barrier enhancement, moisturization, and sebum secretion control, and anti-inflammatory effects, were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was determined via the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test. Skin barrier enhancement was assessed by studying the mRNA expression of filaggrin (FLG), a key skin barrier component, through quantitative real-time PCR. Moisturizing efficacy was evaluated by analyzing hyaluronic acid (HA) expression through ELISA. Furthermore, the expression levels of the inflammatory agents nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were investigated in addition to checking the inhibitory effect on sebum production to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects.Results: Antioxidant activity was confirmed by DPPH radical scavenging ability, and OBFE demonstrated efficacy equivalent to that of L-ascorbic acid, positive control. Furthermore, OBFE recovered the Staphylococcus aureus-induced downregulation of FLG expression. Moreover, OBFE significantly improved the production of HA, surpassing the beneficial effect of the positive control, retinoic acid. OBFE also exhibited significant reduction in LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2 and effectively inhibited palmitic acid-induced sebum production in sebocytes.Conclusion: These findings imply that OBFE is a potential cosmetic ingredient that can be used to soothe sensitive skin as it exhibits antioxidant, skin barrier strengthening, moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and sebum-control effects.
A Study on Foundation Color Classification with the Application of Personal Colors
Authors: Choi Young-Mee , Bae Seunghee
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to classify foundation colors by applying personal colors and then was to figure out the consistency in base and brightness between the personal color system (PCS) foundation colors with the face and skin color measurement and the self-diagnosis foundation colors.Methods: The research subjects included 40 women aged 20–50 years who lived in capital area. The data were analyzed with frequency and percentage analysis, χ2-test, and one-way ANOVA, t-test using SPSS WIN 27.0.Results: The foundation colors were inspected according to a personal color type. Consequently, the foundation colors appeared to be the Warm (Yellow) base as a type of spring and autumn of being sorted into Warm tone type, the Cool (Pink) base color as a type of summer and winter of being categorized into Cool tone, No. 21 brightness as a type of spring and summer, and No. 23 brightness as a type of autumn and winter.Conclusion: The results of this study can be considered to be what the PCS foundation color classification is available through the personal color application and to be what the outcome on women’s self-diagnosis foundation color measurement increases the availability of PCS foundation color classification. These findings arranged a theoretical ground on the skin color expression suiting themselves and on color matching through applying personal colors when women select foundation colors and are expected to be likely used as basic data in beauty field.
SÜRÜKLEYİCİ SANATTA SOMAESTETİK YAKLAŞIMLAR; (UN)BALANCE XR DENEYİMİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Güner Atiye
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırma, sürükleyici sanatta (immersive art) somaestetik yaklaşımın önemini ortaya
çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bir başka ifade ile sürükleyici sanat olayları gerçekleşirken,
gerçeklik algılarının, bedenle bir bütün olarak dönüşüp değiştiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Somaestetik, bedenin bir algı merkezi olarak önem taşıdığı bir felsefedir. Beden
anlamına gelen soma, geleneksel olarak zihin ve beden olarak ayırt edilen (ve bölünen)
şeyleri içerir. Yani soma, beden ve zihin birlikteliğini içerir. Zihin terimi ayrı bir tözden
ziyade bedenin önemli bir fiil veya işlevi olarak kavrandığında soma kavramını anlamak
mümkündür. Somaestetik felsefeye göre gerçeği anlamak beden ve duyusal algı yoluyla gerçekleşir.
Algıların değişkenliğinde de beden deneyimi önemlidir. Bedenin bütünselliğinin
deneyimlenebildiği en üst mertebe sanattır. Sürükleyici sanatta beden, sanal çevreyi insan
duyularını taklit edebilen çeşitli teknolojik cihazlarla algılayabilmekte ve sanatsal deneyimi
kişi ancak bedeni ile sağlayabilmektedir. Beden, sürükleyici teknoloji donanımları ile
bazı sürükleyici sanat olaylarında sanal bedenlere de dönüşebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Elyne
Legarnisson’un XR (genişletilmiş gerçeklik) deneyimi (Un)Balance, örnek olay seçilmiş
ve bu durumun analizi yapılmıştır. 20. yüzyıl başlarından itibaren sanatta beden, özne ve
nesne olarak öne çıkmıştır. Bununla birlikte bedensel algılar değiştikçe farklı deneyimlerin
yaşandığı, neticesinde farklı gerçekliklerin ortaya çıktığı bir dönem olarak 21. yüzyıl ve
sürükleyici sanat karşımızda durmaktadır.
THE INFLUENCE OF LOUIS H. SULLIVAN ON THE CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Bay Şahin Ezgi
Published: June 2024

Chicago has been an active city since it started to attract people for new opportunities in
the 1830s. After the city experienced the Great Fire in 1871, the primary concern was to rebuild
the city. The absence of fire-protective materials, fragile soil conditions, and the need
for multistory commercial buildings with structural stability were serious challenges. Many
prominent architects and engineers not only rose to them but also created the “Commercial
Style”. Thus, the time witnessed the emergence of the Chicago School. This paper addresses
the influence of Louis Henry Sullivan on the Chicago School of Architecture. Looking at
the remarkable ideas in materials and construction techniques employed at the time, it
is aimed to answer how a city is built on its dynamics on a different scale. It provides an
in-depth analysis of the period’s problems related to building construction via literature
review, drawings, and photographs. As the method of the study, tall building innovations
were investigated using Sullivan’s five buildings which express the idea of contemporary high-
rise buildings and technical solutions of the period. The study will contribute literature
answering how these buildings’ designs responded to the theory behind the Chicago School
of Architecture.
COMPARISON OF MICHEL FOUCAULT’S “GOVERNMENTALITY” AND MICHAEL MANN’S “INFRASTRUCTURAL POWER”
Authors: Kahveci Turgay
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this article is to discuss two thinkers who stand out with their theoretical approaches to the capabilities of modern state power. Michel Foucault and Michael Mann provide important roadmaps to understand the current skills of the state through their conceptual developments. In this context, contemplating Foucault's "governmentality" alongside Mann's "infrastructural power" will offer an enlightening reading on the modern state. Accordingly, the first section explains Foucault's theoretical approach and specifically elaborates on the concept of governmentality. The second section delves into Mann's concept of infrastructural power. The final section discusses the similarities and differences between the concepts. The original contribution of the article lies in this exploration. In conclusion, the article attempts to provide a comprehensive definition of modern state power in the context of "capacity" and "rationality" by highlighting the similarities and differences between the concepts of the two thinkers.
Genotoxic impact of BPA and analogs (BPE, BPZ, and BADGE) on Mytilus galloprovincialis: insights from biomarker analysis
Authors: Nalbantlar Beyza , Arslan Özlem Çakal
Published: June 2024

The number of analogs being produced and substituted for bisphenol A (BPA), which belongs to the class of endocrine disruptors, is increasing day by day. The genotoxic effects of analogs such as bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol Z (BPZ), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)—containing almost the entire alphabet—were investigated on the Mytilus galloprovincialis species exposed to increasing concentrations. When comparing their effects on gills, it was observed that BADGE and BPA had similar impacts, with the micronucleus (MN) frequency determined as BPA (32‰) > BADGE (26.5‰) > BPE = BPZ (24.6‰), respectively. Similarly, concerning hemolymph, the MN frequency was determined as BPA (31.2‰) > BPZ (28.6‰) > BPE (26.1‰) > BADGE (21.6‰), respectively. Nuclear bud formation in cells exposed to BPE is believed to affect the MN frequency. Comparing their impact on hepatopancreatic cells, the MN frequency was observed to be BPA (27.7‰) > BADGE (23.4‰) > BPZ (22.1‰) > BPE (21‰), respectively. All chemicals were noted to increase the MN frequency in hemolymph, gill, and hepatopancreas cells concerning the control and duration of exposure. Overall, all chemicals significantly increased MN frequency in hemolymph, gill, and hepatopancreas cells compared to controls, with variations based on the chemical and exposure duration. This research underscores the need for continued investigation into the genotoxic potential of BPA analogs for the safety and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems.
Evaluasi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Aksesibilitas Jalur Pedestrian bagi Penyandang Disabilitas di Kawasan Pumpunan Moda CSW ASEAN
Authors: Prayoga Dicky , Aliyah Istijabatul , Widodo Candraningratri Ekaputri
Published: June 2024

Seiring dengan masifnya pembangunan fasilitas publik di perkotaan saat ini, inklusivitas fasilitas publik bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan aksesibilitas seringkali terabaikan. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan aksesibilitas tersebut, dibutuhkan evaluasi fasilitas publik yang mempertimbangkan kebutuhan dan hambatan penyandang disabilitas. Ketersediaan jalur pedestrian sebagai salah satu fasilitas publik belum dapat mengakomodasi pergerakan penyandang disabilitas dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi eksisting jalur pedestrian dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan aksesibilitas bagi penyandang disabilitas di Kawasan Pumpunan Moda CSW ASEAN yang merupakan salah satu kawasan yang direncanakan sebagai kawasan transit sesuai RTRW DKI Jakarta 2011-2030. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengevaluasi nilai aksesibilitas jalur pedestrian bagi penyandang disabilitas. Evaluasi kondisi eksisting jalur pedestrian dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi kebutuhan lebar, konektivitas, dan fasilitas pendukung jalur pedestrian, serta fasilitas khusus penyandang disabilitas yang terhubung secara langsung dengan jalur pedestrian. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat kekurangan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan aksesibilitas jalur pedestrian bagi penyandang disabilitas, seperti ketidaktersediaan jalur pedestrian yang cukup lebar, fasilitas khusus yang tidak ramah penyandang disabilitas, dan terputusnya jalur pedestrian oleh fungsi penggunaan lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi eksisting jalur pedestrian memiliki nilai aksesibilitas dalam kategori sedang dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan aksesibilitas bagi penyandang disabilitas. Hal tersebut menjadikan Kawasan Pumpunan Moda CSW ASEAN belum sepenuhnya ramah bagi penyandang disabilitas.
Kesesuaian Kawasan Stasiun Transit Tugu Yogyakarta berdasarkan Konsep Transit Oriented Development
Authors: Gunawan Zhaza Az-Zahrawaani , Miladan Nur , Pujantiyo Bambang S
Published: June 2024

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) merupakan konsep pengembangan kawasan yang berorientasi pada transportasi berkelanjutan, efektif, dan efisien. TOD dinilai menjadi salah satu solusi paling efektif untuk mengatasi kemacetan. Stasiun Tugu terletak di pusat Kota Yogyakarta serta dekat dengan pusat-pusat kegiatan yang berpotensi menimbulkan kemacetan. Hal tersebut menjadikan Kawasan Stasiun Tugu berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi kawasan TOD. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai kesesuaian Kawasan Stasiun Transit Tugu berdasarkan konsep TOD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis skoring dan deskriptif untuk menghitung nilai kesesuaian kawasan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu observasi, interpretasi peta, dan studi dokumen. Fokus penelitian ini adalah mengukur kesesuaian fisik kawasan terhadap konsep TOD yang dilihat dari jalur pedestrian ramah pejalan kaki, interkoneksi jaringan jalan, guna lahan campuran, densitas kawasan, tempat parkir, ruang terbuka, dan moda angkutan umum massal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawasan stasiun transit Tugu memiliki nilai kesesuaian 36% sehingga masuk ke dalam kategori kesesuaian sedang berdasarkan konsep TOD. Oleh karena itu, Kawasan Stasiun Transit Tugu memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dikembangkan menjadi kawasan TOD. Diperlukan peningkatan, integrasi, dan pemenuhan terhadap setiap variabel konsep TOD dalam pengembangannya.
Tingkat Ancaman Multi Bencana Alam di Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Hantoro Ryan Daffa , Aliyah Istijabatul , Istanabi Tendra
Published: June 2024

Kabupaten Karanganyar, Provinsi Jawa Tengah mencakup dataran rendah hingga dataran tinggi Gunung Lawu. Keberagaram alam tersebut membawa berbagai ancaman bencana alam. Berdasarkan data dari Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah(BPBD) Kabupaten Karanganyar,terdapat lima jenis bencana alam yang pernah terjadi di Kabupaten Karanganyar yaitu tanah longsor, banjir, kekeringan, kebakaran hutan dan lahan, serta cuaca ekstrim. Salah satu bentuk mitigasi bencana untuk menghadapi berbagai macam ancaman bencana alam di Kabupaten Karanganyar adalah dengan menggunakan pemetaan ancaman multi bencana alam. Pemetaan multi bencana alam dapat menunjukan lokasi kritis tingkat ancaman dari salah satu bencana atau lebih. Pemetaan ancaman multi bencana Kabupaten Karanganyar disusun dengan melakukan serangkaian tahapan yaitu membuat peta ancaman dari masing-masing jenis bencana berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) yang kemudian digabungkan dengan spatial overlay. Metode yang digunakan adalah skoring dan pembobotan serta overlay antar variabel ancaman bencana menggunakan modifikasi rumusan dari Peraturan Kepala Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB)Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 untuk mendapatkan bobot setiap ancaman multi bencana Kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa wilayah Kabupaten Karanganyar didominasi oleh ancaman multi bencana alam dengan tingkat sedang dengan luas 49% dari luas total, tingkat tinggi dengan luas 35%, tingkat sangat tinggi dengan luas 9%, tingkat rendah dengan luas  6%, dan tingkat sangat rendah dengan luas r 1% dari luas total.