bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Relations among Psychological Flexibility, Music Performance Anxiety, and Perceived Performance Quality with University Music Students
Authors: Viator Tracy L. , Levy Jacob J. , Murphy Barbara A.
Published: August 2024

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a “third wave” behavioral therapy that aims to increase psychological flexibility through mindfulness, acceptance, and behavioral commitment processes. This study explored relations among facets of psychological flexibility, music performance anxiety (MPA), and perceived performance quality to better understand the utility of ACT-based interventions for musicians. Twenty-seven university music students participated in the study, which involved performing a one-to-three-minute prepared musical excerpt of their choice in a mock audition and then completing the study measure, which included the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) of Rolffs et al., the Performance Anxiety Inventory (PAI) of Nagel et al., and the Performance vs. Practice Scale (a measure of perceived music performance quality adapted from the work of Farnsworth-Grodd). The results revealed a significant positive relationship between participants’ psychological flexibility and their perceived performance quality ( r(25) = .391, p = .022); and a significant inverse relationship between psychological flexibility and MPA ( r(25) = −.498, p = .004). One facet of psychological flexibility, cognitive defusion, emerged as a significant predictor of both perceived performance quality and MPA. The findings build on existing evidence demonstrating the suitability of ACT as both a treatment for MPA and a method of performance enhancement for musicians. Additionally, the results provide support for emphasizing cognitive defusion processes within an ACT-for-MPA treatment approach. The study holds particular significance for the population of interest, university music students, who commonly seek specific skills and strategies for enhancing performance outcomes and managing the effects of MPA.
Computer Assisted Navigation Does Not Improve Outcomes in Posterior Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Singh Aaron , Kotzur Travis , Peterson Blaire , Koslosky Ezekial , Emukah Chimobi , Chaput Christopher
Published: August 2024

Study Design

Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of CT-based computer assisted navigation (CAN) to conventional pedicle screw placement for patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study drew data from the National Readmissions Database, years 2016-2019. Patients undergoing posterior fusion for AIS, either via CAN or fluoroscopic-guided procedures, were identified via ICD-10 codes. Multivariate regression was performed to compare outcomes between operative techniques. Negative binomial regression was used to asses discharge disposition, while Gamma regression was performed to assess length of stay (LOS) and total charges. Patient demographics and comorbidities, measured via the Elixhauser comorbidity index, were both controlled for in our regression analysis.

Results

28,868 patients, 2095 (7.3%) undergoing a CAN procedure, were included in our analysis. Patients undergoing CAN procedures had increased surgical complications (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.23; P < 0.001), namely, blood transfusions (OR 2.47; P < 0.001). Discharge disposition and LOS were similar, as were reoperation and readmission rates; however, total charges were significantly greater in the CAN group (OR 1.37; P < 0.001). Mean charges were 191,489.42 (119,302.30) USD for conventional surgery vs 268 589.86 (105,636.78) USD for the CAN cohort.

Conclusion

CAN in posterior fusion for AIS does not appear to decrease postoperative complications and is associated with an increased need for blood transfusions. Given the much higher total cost of care that was also seen with CAN, this study calls into question whether the use of CAN is justified in this setting.
Investor Impulsivity and Mental Accounting: A Gender-Centric Investigation
Authors: Singh Maneesha , Nandan Tanuj
Published: August 2024

This study aims to examine how impulsivity is related to mental accounting in individual investors and to test whether gender moderates the relationship between the three types of impulsivities and mental accounting. Structural equation modelling was adopted to establish the impact of three types of impulsivities towards mental accounting. Construct reliability and validity were checked by Confirmatory Factor Analysis using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software. Multi-group analysis was also performed using AMOS 23. The level of mental accounting in participants was negatively correlated with non-planning impulsivity. However, gender differences were observed in the multi-group analysis. Gender significantly moderated the relationship between attentional impulsivity and mental accounting as well as between motor impulsivity and mental accounting. This study has practical implications on financial advisors and government, who can take individual differences in socio-demography and psychology into account while designing financial products and tools for money management. Since governments also have a major role in spreading financial literacy and awareness to improve the financial well-being of their citizens, individual differences in mental accounting are an important aspect that need to be studied and dealt with and this study will provide a preliminary foresight into these differences. This study may further help Asset Management Companies in customizing and engineering financial products according to the distinct needs of every individual. This study offers empirical insights into the mind of investors’ behaviour regarding mental accounting. There have been very few attempts to investigate individual variations in mental accounting and their causes. No previous study as per the knowledge of the authors has been conducted so far to empirically examine the impact of impulsivity on mental accounting in an emerging economy and the role of gender differences therein, and this study strives to fill this research gap.
Association Between Low-Dose Ketamine After Periacetabular and/or Femoral Osteotomy and Postoperative Opioid Requirements
Authors: Girardi Nicholas G. , Malin Sean , Zielenski Christopher , Lee Jessica H. , Henry Kaleigh , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Mei-Dan Omer
Published: August 2024

Background:

Previous studies have sought to determine the effect of inpatient ketamine therapy on postoperative pain in a variety of surgical specialties.

Purpose:

To determine the effects of postoperative ketamine analgesia after periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) and/or derotational femoral osteotomy (DFO) on opioid requirements, pain, and discharge time.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Prospective data were collected on 145 patients who underwent PAO and/or DFO by the senior author between January 2021 and December 2022. Hip arthroscopy was performed 3 to 10 days before addressing any intra-articular pathology. In 2021, patients (n = 91 procedures; control group) received a traditional postoperative multimodal pain regimen. In 2022, postoperative low-dose ketamine (0.1-1 mg/kg/h) was added to the multimodal analgesic approach until 24 hours before discharge (n = 81 procedures; ketamine group). The ketamine and control groups were matched based on procedure type. Total opioid consumption was collected using milligram morphine equivalents (MMEs) for both groups. Postoperative pain was measured using the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS), which was analyzed as the mean score per day. Data on the mean MME and DVPRS were analyzed for up to 7 days postoperatively. Linear mixed statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of low-dose postoperative ketamine on postoperative pain and opioid utilization.

Results:

Patients who did not receive ketamine after PAO and/or DFO utilized a mean of 181 ± 335 MMEs and had a mean DVPRS score of 4.18 ± 1.63. Patients who received postoperative ketamine required a mean of 119 ± 291 MMEs and had a mean DVPRS score of 4.34 ± 1.61. The ketamine group was found to consume a significantly lower total MME dose per day ( P < .001). No significant difference was found in the mean DVPRS score between the ketamine and control groups ( P = .42). Also, no significant difference was found on the day of discharge ( P = .79).

Conclusion:

Patients who received postoperative ketamine after PAO and/or DFO had a significant decrease in MME dose when compared with a control group of patients who did not receive ketamine. Surgeons should consider adding ketamine to their postoperative multimodal pain control protocol to decrease opioid consumption while adequately addressing postoperative pain.
Effect of Soccer Boot Outsole Configuration on Translational Traction Across Both Natural and Artificial Playing Surfaces
Authors: Loud Danyon , Grimshaw Paul , Kelso Richard , Robertson William S.P.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Soccer boots are produced with different stud patterns and configurations to provide players with extra traction on specific surface types to minimize slipping and improve player performance. Excessive traction, however, can lead to foot fixation injuries, particularly anterior cruciate ligament tears.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to explore the translational traction properties of 5 different outsole configurations moving in 4 different directions across both natural grass and artificial grass (AG) playing surfaces. It was hypothesized that longer studs or studs with an asymmetric shape would yield a higher traction coefficient compared with the recommended stud configuration for the given playing surface.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

A custom-built testing apparatus recorded the translational traction of 5 different soccer boots moving in an anterior, posterior, medial, or lateral direction on both natural grass and AG playing surfaces. A 3-way analysis of variance was performed to determine the effect of outsole configuration on the traction, and a post hoc Tukey analysis was performed to compare different outsole configurations with a control.

Results:

For the natural grass playing surface, the longer and asymmetric studs yielded a significantly higher ( P < .05) traction coefficient on 75% of loading scenarios, while on AG, they yielded a significantly higher traction on 50% of loading scenarios.

Conclusion:

Some soccer boots yielded higher traction values compared with the recommended configuration.

Clinical Relevance:

The results highlight the importance of boot selection on different playing surfaces. Higher traction values could increase the injury risk for players due to excessive traction and foot fixation.
Oral Care and Positioning to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohammad Eslam Bani , Al Eleiwah Amani A. , Qurdahji Banan T. , Rayan Ahmad , Alshraideh Jafar A. , Al Hadid Lourance A. , Al Kharabsheh Muna S. , Hudhud Heba N. , Jakalat Suad
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common nosocomial infections in critical patients. The negative impacts of VAP on patient outcomes emphasize the importance of effective preventive measures such as oral care and patient positioning. The aim of this review was to investigate the impact of oral care and positioning on the prevention of VAP among patients in the intensive care unit.

Methods

This review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed. The methodological quality of included studies was appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists.

Results

In total 13 studies were included, all of them were randomized controlled trials. Six out of nine studies about oral care have significant results on VAP incidence. Regarding the position, Patients positioned at a 45-degree were less likely to develop VAP than those positioned at a 30-degree and those in a supine position.

Conclusion

Although patients positioned at 45-degree angle were less likely to develop VAP than those at 30-degree, it is necessary to individualize this practice before recommending it, once there are some contraindications, such as neurocritical patients. Regarding oral care to prevent VAP, considering the current guidelines' recommendation not to use oral chlorexidine, further studies evaluating alternatives are needed.
Views of nutrition needs in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Samm De-arne , Macoustra Aimee , Crane Rhiannon , McWilliams Leah , Proudman Susanna , Chapple Lee-anne S
Published: August 2024

Background and aims:

Systemic sclerosis is a debilitating inflammatory condition synonymous with gastrointestinal symptoms which have the potential to impact dietary intake and nutritional status. This study aimed to describe symptoms experienced by patients with systemic sclerosis that may impact on dietary intake and assess nutrition education preferences in this cohort.

Methods:

A 24-item online qualitative and quantitative survey distributed via REDCap® was conducted in adult patients (aged ⩾18 years) living with systemic sclerosis and attending outpatient services at a single healthcare setting from January to March 2022. Data were collected on demographics, symptoms that may impact dietary intake, nutrition priorities and preferred nutrition education models. Data are mean ± standard deviation or number (%).

Results:

Of 322 eligible patients, 156 (48%) participated (63 ± 12 years, 86% female, body mass index 27 ± 7 kg/m2). Most patients experienced gastrointestinal conditions (n = 123/155; 79%), which occurred daily in 26% (n = 40/155) of patients. A third of patients (n = 48/156; 31%) reported diet manipulation for symptom management. Recent weight loss was common (n = 36/154; 23% of patients). Less than a third of patients had seen a dietitian (n = 45; 29%), while 69% of patients (n = 107) desired dietetic consultancy. The preferred methods of consultation were written resources and face-to-face, respectively, and systemic sclerosis symptom management (n = 100; 64%) and losing weight (n = 53; 34%) were the most desired education topics reported.

Conclusion:

Gastrointestinal conditions are common and occur frequently in patients with systemic sclerosis. Patients want to engage with dietetics services to better manage symptoms via face-to-face consultations and written resources. These results will inform future dietetic service delivery.
Beyond the backyard: Unraveling the geographies of citizens’ engagement in digital participatory planning
Authors: Kajosaari Anna , Schorn Martina , Hasanzadeh Kamyar , Rinne Tiina , Rossi Saana , Kyttä Marketta
Published: August 2024

Despite the emergence of virtual spaces as arenas for public participation, the geographies of digital participation have gained relatively little attention. Besides considering who participates and why, there is an evident gap in research considering the spatial relationships between the participants of digital urban planning processes and the spaces that are the subject of their participation. This paper proposes a working concept of the spatiality of participation that distinguishes between the spaces in which participation occurs, the spatial realities of the participants, and the spaces as objects of participatory planning. Relationships between these dimensions are investigated empirically with a Public Participation GIS study set in Espoo, Finland, involving 1,731 citizens and over 6,800 future planning and development ideas mapped across the city. The results of the study support prior research observing that e-participation has the potential to spatially expand participation processes both in terms of the involved public and the spatial knowledge they produce. However, our results also show that online participation may capture spatial ties between people and places that differ from those of traditional participation modes, ranging from place-protective behaviors close to the residential location to more casual spatial attachments.
Successful Treatment of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion With Tissue Plasminogen Activator Followed by Recurrent Retinal Ischemia
Authors: Hsu Jerry , Brown Jeffrey , Mallick Adnan , Fara Michael , De Leacy Reade , Rosen Richard B. , Ginsburg Robin N. , Lema Gareth M.C.
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To describe the use of intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to treat central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Methods: A case and its findings were analyzed. Results: A 45-year-old man diagnosed with a CRAO and had cerebral angiography and treatment with intra-arterial tPA. After treatment, follow-up included optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and OCT angiography. The visual acuity (VA) improved from hand motions to 20/30 immediately after fibrinolysis. A vascular occlusion event the next day resulted in a decrease in VA to 20/400. After initiation of dual antiplatelet therapy, the patient’s VA improved to 20/20. As the retina recovered, the evolution of retinal ischemic changes to a finding similar to paracentral acute middle maculopathy was seen on imaging. Conclusions: This is the first report describing a patient safely started on dual antiplatelet therapy that led to vision improvement after initial treatment with intra-arterial tPA for a CRAO resulted in recurrent vision loss.
Entrepreneurship Education Attainment Levels in Secondary Education: A Delphi Study
Authors: Göksen-Olgun Sultan , Groot Wim , Wakkee Ingrid , Martina Richard
Published: August 2024

Entrepreneurship education has grown considerably, including in secondary schools (SS). However, agreement regarding the goals, objectives, and performance levels of entrepreneurship education (EE) in SS has yet to be reached. Thus, there is a need for greater clarity on what knowledge and skills should be taught to learners. The main objective of this study is to establish generally accepted attainment levels in EE for SS at two levels of secondary education (SE) in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA). We utilized the Delphi method and conducted Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to uncover patterns and connections between different variables, referred to as conditions. Our findings suggest that the current frameworks for EE in SS need to be revised to address the diverse needs of EE teachers and improve effectiveness and consistency. By comparing our findings with existing EE frameworks, we highlighted overlaps and gaps and contributed to the ongoing dialogue surrounding the refinement and evolution of EE practices.
Societal, Political, and Psychological Challenges Facing MSM in Nigeria
Authors: Amoo Olubunmi Elizabeth , Sanni Olaniyi Felix , Abiodun Paul Olaiya
Published: August 2024

Background:

Men that have sex with men (MSM) have kept their sexual orientation hidden for fear of being discovered, discriminated, and punished. Therefore, the study assesses the societal, political, and psychological challenges facing MSM in Nigeria.

Methodology:

The study was a quantitative cross-sectional survey conducted across 3 local government areas (LGAs): Ukum, Makurdi, and Oturkpo LGAs in the 3 geopolitical zones of Benue State from August 26 to September 28, 2021. A multistage cluster sampling method was adopted, and structured questionnaires were used to gather respondents’ data. Data analysis was done using IBM-Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 for Windows IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA.

Results:

The study found that about four-fifths (83.4%) had experienced stigmatization/discrimination. The stigmatization and discrimination had an emotional effect on them as a significant proportion (47.2%) feared going out in the community, school, church, and hospital. The rate at which they experienced physical abuse is fearsome, as about 60.0% had been physically abused, and 88.8% had experienced gender-based violence. A significant proportion (61.6%) were denied housing, and 76.8% claimed that people changed their attitudes after discovering their sexual identity.

Conclusion:

MSM suffer several kinds of abuse; hence, a review of the Same-Sex Marriage Prohibition Act is needed to curb the incidence of stigmatization, discrimination, and violence against MSM.
The Mechanism of Anti-Viral Activity of a Novel, Hydroponically Selenium-Enriched Garlic Powder (SelenoForce®) Against SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Authors: Majeed Muhammed , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Lawrence Lincy , Prakasan Priji , Mundkur Lakshmi
Published: August 2024

The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is far from over as new strains are emerging all over the world. Selenium as a micronutrient is important for immunity and also has anti-viral activity.

Objective

The study evaluated the activity of a Selenium enriched garlic powder (SeGP or SelenoForce®) against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in vitro and explored its possible mechanism of action.

Methods

The anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity assay was carried out in Vero E6 cells in vitro. Human lung carcinoma A549 cells were used to study the antioxidant activity, expression of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and the activity of proprotein convertase, and furin. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells.

Results

SeGP inhibited the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells with an IC50 of 19.59 μg/ml. It exhibited significant antioxidant activity in vitro with IC50 value determined as 43.45 μg/ml. The Selenium enriched product inhibited the expression of ACE and TMPRSS2 and also showed inhibition of furin protease activity. In the presence of SeGP, the secretion of nitric oxide, interleukin −6 and TNF-α were reduced in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Conclusion

The results of the study suggest that Selenium enriched garlic powder could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 multiplication in vitro, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators suggesting that it could be developed as an effective supplement or adjunct therapy to combat viral infections.
Time is lung: higher preservation of lung function in severe asthma patients after earlier mepolizumab treatment
Authors: González-Barcala Francisco-Javier , Bobolea Irina , Domínguez-Ortega Javier , Bañas-Conejero David , Antelo-Cea Esteban , Martínez-Moragón Eva , Carrillo-Díaz Teresa , Blanco-Aparicio Marina , Domingo Christian
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Severe asthma involves a persistent inflammation of the airways that is associated with a greater risk of exacerbations. Exacerbations are associated with a higher lung function decline over time. The prevention of lung function decline could become a strategy for disease modification, and this could be more likely to happen in patients with an earlier therapeutic approach. Thus, this study means to analyse the effect of asthma duration in clinical outcomes such as lung function in patients from the REDES study. REDES was an observational real-world study that assessed the effectiveness and safety of mepolizumab 100 mgs.c.every 4 weeks for 12 months in 318 patients with severe asthma in Spain.

Methods

Thispost hocanalysis evaluated how disease duration affected the study results through a stratification according to quartiles on their disease progression. Continuous analyses were also performed to assess the impact of confounder variables on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (%).

Results

At baseline, patients with shorter time of disease had a significantly higher lung function than patients with longer asthma duration. At 12 months, pre-bronchodilator (BD) FEV1values and the proportion of patients with ≥80% pre-BD FEV1were higher according to a shorter disease persistence (Q1>Q2>Q3>Q4).

Conclusion

These results support that time of disease persistence contributes to the lung function decline of patients with severe asthma, uncontrolled while on previous treatment, and that an earlier approach with mepolizumab may imply a higher preservation of their lung function.
Validation of new predictors of mortality and BODE index variants in patients with COPD at moderate altitude
Authors: Robles-Hernández Robinson , Centeno-Saenz Gustavo I. , Ramírez-Venegas Alejandra , Thirion-Romero Ireri , Hernández-Zenteno Rafael , Guinto-Ramírez Sandra P. , Maya-García María C. , Villegas-Trejo Diana , Montiel-López Francisco , Cordero-Silis Lila M. , Pérez-Padilla Rogelio
Published: August 2024

Background

COPD ranks as the third leading global cause of mortality. Despite the widespread use of the BODE index and its variants for mortality prediction, their accuracy may be affected by factors like ethnicity, altitude and regional disparities. This study aimed to assess a new altitude-adapted prognostic index in COPD patients at moderate altitudes compared with the BODE and other mortality predictors.

Methods

We evaluated the performance of BODE and other standard prognostic indexes in an exploratory cohort of COPD patients using Cox proportional hazards models. Additionally, we developed a new risk-weighted prognostics model. We assessed its performance utilising receiver operating characteristic curves and compared it with BODE index variants. The indices were validated in a second cohort. The mean follow-up period in both cohorts was 7 years.

Results

In the exploratory cohort (n=416), COPD patients had a 77% 5-year survival rate. eBODE exhibited superior predictive capacity (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11–1.34, p<0.05). Prognostic models included oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry <90%, body mass index, 6-min walk test (6MWT) and current smoking as primary relevant risks (BOSEA-90), with the second model excluding 6MWT (BOSA-90). BOSEA-90 predicted a major risk per point (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.31–1.51, p<0.001) and superior discrimination (area under the curve (AUC) >0.75) compared to other indices (AUC <0.70, p<0.001). The validation cohort (n=436) confirmed effectiveness in differentiating mild and very severe cases.

Conclusions

The BODE prognostic index and its variants effectively predicted mortality, and the newly proposed BOSEA-90 and BOSA-90 indices demonstrated appropriate performance for a group of COPD patients at moderate altitude.
Dry-powder inhaler use in primary school-aged children with asthma: a systematic review
Authors: Kuek Stephanie L. , Wong Nicole X. , Dalziel Stuart , Hatter Lee , Fleming Louise , Bush Andrew , Beasley Richard , Shanthikumar Shivanthan
Published: August 2024

Objective

Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children. Dry-powder inhalers (DPIs) are effective for medication delivery in adults and adolescents, and provide a lower environmental footprint and more portability than a metered dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. They require a specific technique, and it is necessary to ascertain whether they can be used in younger age groups. We aimed to assess evidence regarding whether primary school-aged (5–11 years) children can use DPIs with adequate technique during both stable and acute asthma.

Design

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed were searched for studies assessing DPI use among children aged 5–11 years with asthma or wheeze. Results of studies were synthesised by study design and outcome measure.

Results

38 studies were identified for analysis. These were analysed in three groups: 1) 25 studies assessing children's ability to use DPIs by peak inspiratory flow measurement, 2) 10 studies assessing children's ability to use DPIs by physician assessment, and 3) three studies measuring the efficacy of DPIs compared with the gold standard (MDI with spacer). Five studies included children during acute exacerbations.

Conclusion

The majority of primary school-aged children have the ability to use a DPI with adequate training, support and practice. Some younger children may have difficulties, and clinician assessment and ongoing review is crucial in determining which children are likely to benefit from a DPI. Consistent correct use and adherence remain as challenges, but these are also issues with an MDI plus spacer and do not appear to be significantly worse with DPIs. Evidence of the use of DPIs during acute illness is limited; more studies are required in this setting.
Impact of ultrasound settings on lung vertical artefacts: an observational study in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Leote João , Gonçalves Andreia , Fonseca Júlia , Loução Ricardo , Dias Hermínia , Inês Ribeiro Maria , Meireles Ricardo , Varudo Rita , Bacariza Jacobo , Gonzalez Filipe ,   on behalf of the EchoCrit group
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The number of vertical artefacts (VAs) in lung ultrasound (LUS) impacts patients’ clinical management. This study aimed to demonstrate the influence of ultrasound settings on the number of VAs in patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Methods

Patients under IMV were recruited for LUS, including three breathing cycles with a motionless curvilinear probe on the thoracic region with the most VAs. Three experts in LUS were asked about the number of VAs at random, and blinded after altering the settings for a total of 20 test recordings per patient. The correlation between expert classifications was tested after grading the classifications. The number of VAs across clinicians was compared between baseline recordings and test condition recordings to determine statistical differences.

Results

29 patients were enrolled with a median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of 6 (interquartile range (IQR) 3). IMV was mainly due to stroke (n=10) and pneumonia (n=6). LUS was made between days 1 and 6 (IQR). Baseline recordings showed a median of 2±2 VAs in inspiration and a median of 1±2 in expiration from a total of 3636 expert classifications, with a strong agreement within patients. A probe frequency of 8 MHz, artefact filtering, speckle reduction and frame average reduced the median VA number by one. A power of −20 dB and dynamic range of 32 dB abolished the VAs. A gain above 90% increased the median number of VAs by one.

Conclusion

In thisin vivostudy, the LUS settings influenced the VA number in IMV patients, after controlling for physiological and operator confounders.
Occlusion enhanced pan-cancer classification via deep learning
Authors: Zhao Xing , Chen Zigui , Wang Huating , Sun Hao
Published: August 2024

Quantitative measurement of RNA expression levels through RNA-Seq is an ideal replacement for conventional cancer diagnosis via microscope examination. Currently, cancer-related RNA-Seq studies focus on two aspects: classifying the status and tissue of origin of a sample and discovering marker genes. Existing studies typically identify marker genes by statistically comparing healthy and cancer samples. However, this approach overlooks marker genes with low expression level differences and may be influenced by experimental results. This paper introduces “GENESO,” a novel framework for pan-cancer classification and marker gene discovery using the occlusion method in conjunction with deep learning. we first trained a baseline deep LSTM neural network capable of distinguishing the origins and statuses of samples utilizing RNA-Seq data. Then, we propose a novel marker gene discovery method called “Symmetrical Occlusion (SO)”. It collaborates with the baseline LSTM network, mimicking the “gain of function” and “loss of function” of genes to evaluate their importance in pan-cancer classification quantitatively. By identifying the genes of utmost importance, we then isolate them to train new neural networks, resulting in higher-performance LSTM models that utilize only a reduced set of highly relevant genes. The baseline neural network achieves an impressive validation accuracy of 96.59% in pan-cancer classification. With the help of SO, the accuracy of the second network reaches 98.30%, while using 67% fewer genes. Notably, our method excels in identifying marker genes that are not differentially expressed. Moreover, we assessed the feasibility of our method using single-cell RNA-Seq data, employing known marker genes as a validation test.
Total life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy and differences attributable to cigarettes’ smoking among Chinese middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Huang Guogui , Pan Yao , Luo Yanan
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Middle-aged and older adults smoking for years are afflicted by smoking-related diseases and functional limitations; however, little is known about the effect of smoking on nonfatal conditions in middle and later life. This study aims to investigate the impact of smoking on both total life expectancy (TLE) and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and the variations in such effects by educational level in China.

Methods

Data were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 2011–2018, with a total sample of 16,859 individuals aged 45 years or older involved in the final analysis. The Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale was used to measure disability, and the population-based multistate life table method was used to estimate the differences in TLE and DFLE by smoking status and educational attainment.

Results

At baseline, 28.9% of participants were current smokers, 8.5% were former smokers, and 62.6% never smoked. Approximately 5.6% were identified with ADL disability. Both current smokers and former smokers experienced lower TLE and DFLE than never smokers, and such differences were particularly prominent among men. Intriguingly, former smokers manifested a lower DFLE for both sexes and a lower TLE among women, though a longer TLE among men, compared with current smokers. Similar differences in TLE and DFLE by smoking status were observed for groups with different levels of education.

Conclusion

Never smokers live longer and healthier than current smokers and persons who quit smoking. Smoking was associated with greater reductions in TLE and DFLE among men. However, educational attainment might not moderate the adverse effect of smoking on both fatal and nonfatal conditions in the context of China. These findings have implications for disability prevention, aged care provision and informing policies of healthy aging for China and elsewhere.
Exploring the potential of IL-10 for risk assessment and early intervention in pediatric ALL
Authors: Radwan Roqaia E. , Darwish Ahmad , Elsaid Afaf M. , El-kholy Wafaa M.
Published: August 2024

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a leading cause of childhood cancer, targets immune system B and T cells. While understanding its causes is crucial, predicting susceptibility holds immense power for early diagnosis and intervention. This study explored the potential of interleukin 10 (IL-10), a key immune regulator, as a predictive tool in Egyptian children. Investigating 100 ALL patients and 100 healthy controls, we analyzed the IL10 gene polymorphism (-1082 A/G) and serum levels. Strikingly, both the G allele and higher serum IL-10 levels were significantly associated with increased ALL risk (p < 0.05, OR > 1). Moreover, IL-10 emerged as a remarkably accurate predictor, boasting an AUC of 0.995, with a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 96%. These findings unveil the potential of IL-10 as a powerful predictive tool for pediatric ALL in the studied Egyptian population. Identifying individuals with the GG/AG haplotype and elevated IL-10 levels could enable early intervention and potentially improve outcomes. While further validation in larger and more diverse populations is needed, this study paves the way for personalized risk assessment and potentially revolutionizes how we combat this childhood killer.
Hyoid displacement during swallowing function for completely edentulous subjects rehabilitated with mandibular implant retained overdenture
Authors: Ibrahim Abdallah Mohammed , Elgamal Mohamed , Abdel-Khalek Elsayed Abdallah
Published: August 2024

Background

Hyoid bone is attached to the mandible, tongue, larynx, temporal bone, and cervical spine via different types of muscles or ligaments. The tongue, mandible, and hyoid system play a crucial role in swallowing function. This within subject study aimed to evaluate the impact of mandibular implant overdentures on the displacement of the hyoid bones during the swallowing process.

Methods

Twenty five healthy edentulous subjects were selected for participating in the study. New complete dentures were constructed for all the participants. Subsequently two dental implants were inserted in the canine regions of the participant’s mandibular arch. In order to retain the mandibular prosthesis in place, ball attachments were incorporated into the mandibular dentures to convert them into implant overdentures. Using 10 ml of thin liquid bolus, videofluoroscopy swallowing examination was performed in three different oral conditions: without complete dentures (WCD), with complete denture (CDs), and with a mandibular implant overdenture (IODs). ANOVA with Bonferroni test was used to analyze the data in order to determine how the hyoid displacement varied throughout different oral conditions.

Results

Compared to complete dentures, mandibular implant overdentures showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in both anterior hyoid displacement and duration of hyoid maximum anterior excursion (DOHMAE). However, there was a non-significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two oral circumstances in terms of superior hyoid displacement or duration for hyoid maximum elevation (DOHME). There is no penetration or aspiration for both complete denture and implant overdenture oral conditions.

Conclusion

Implant retained overdentures have a positive effect on hyoid displacement during swallowing of thin liquid bolus consistency relative to conventional complete dentures.

Trial registration

Retrospectively registered (NCT06187181) 02/1/2024.
Impact of chlorogenic acid on submandibular salivary gland and liver of albino rats exposed to sodium nitrite
Authors: Ahmed Elham H. , Abdeen Mohammed Abdelrahim , Soliman Samar
Published: August 2024

Aim

The aim of the present study is to show how sodium nitrite alters the histology of submandibular salivary glands and livers of Albino rats, as well as how chlorogenic acid may have therapeutic benefits.

Methods

A sample size of thirty male Sprague Dawley Albino rats weighing between 100 and 150 g (5-6 weeks old) was randomly allocated into 3 equal groups. Group I: rats were used as controls and were given phosphate buffer solution, whereas Group II: rats were given an 80 mg/kg sodium nitrites (SN) daily dissolved in distilled water. The rats in Group III were given a daily dose of 80 mg/kg SN dissolved in distilled water and after 6 hours each rat received 50 mg/mL freshly prepared chlorogenic acid (CGA) every other day. For 12 weeks, all treatment modalities will be administered orally, every day. After the experiment, all rats were euthanized. Samples from salivary glands and livers were processed and stained with H&E and interleukin 6 (IL 6). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were detected using an ELISA assay.

Results

Groups III had nearly comparable findings to Group I regarding histological pattern with normal submandibular glands and livers features. Group III salivary gland treated with CGA exhibited higher SOD levels (20.60±4.81 U/g) in comparison to the SN group, and lower MDA levels (111.58±28.28 nmol/mg) in comparison to the SN treated samples. In comparison to the SN group, CGA treatment significantly reduced MDA levels in liver samples (167.56±21.17 nmol/mg) and raised SOD (30.85±6.77 U/g).

Conclusions

Chlorogenic acid has a protective effect against salivary gland and liver toxicity induced by SN in rats. This was mediated via the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of CGA and the restoration of oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat salivary gland and liver.
Oral health status of Dutch Armed Forces recruits in the years 2000, 2010 and 2020, a retrospective repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: de la Court A. J. , Opdam N. J. M. , Bronkhorst E. M. , Laske M. , Huysmans M. C. D. N. J. M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Studies on oral health status of adults are sparse and rarely include data on endodontic treatment and trauma. In the military, those data are available because recruits are routinely assessed with a clinical and radiological examination at the start of their career. This study aimed to identify differences in oral health status of Dutch Armed Forces recruits between cohorts, departments, sex, age and rank, with DMF-T, endodontic treatment and dental trauma as outcome measures.

Methods

Data from Electronic Patient Files from all recruits enlisted in 2000, 2010 and 2020 were used for analysis in a hurdle model resulting in the estimated cohort effect, controlled for the demographic variables. The total number of recruits was 5,764. Due to the retrospective character of the study a proxy was used to compose D-T and dental trauma.

Results

The mean DMF-T number in recruits decreases from 5.3 in cohort 2000 to 4.13 in cohort 2010 and 3.41 in cohort 2020. The percentage of endodontically treated teeth increases from 6% in cohort 2000 to respectively 9% in 2010 and 8% in 2020. The percentage of recruits showing signs of dental trauma did not change significantly between cohort 2000 (3.1%) and cohort 2010 and 2020 (both 2.7%).

Conclusions

Oral health in Armed Forces recruits is improving over the years, following a similar trend as the general population in the Netherlands. Lower SES represented by enlisted rank showed substantial lower oral health status.
Peri- and postoperative morbidity and mortality in older patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a matched-pair study
Authors: Safi Seyer , Gysan Maximilian Robert , Weber Dorothea , Behnisch Rouven , Muley Thomas , Allgäuer Michael , Winter Hauke , Hoffmann Hans , Eichhorn Martin
Published: August 2024

Background

Reports from case series suggest that operative outcomes are comparable amongst different age groups following surgery with curative intent for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to compare morbidity and mortality after NSCLC surgery in older patients (≥ 75 years) versus younger patients (< 75 years) and identify independent predictive risk factors.

Methods

We identified 2015 patients with postoperative stages IA to IIIA according to AJCC/UICC 7th edition who had undergone NSCLC surgery with curative intent at a single specialized lung cancer center from January 2010 to December 2015. A matched-pair analysis was performed on 227 older patients and corresponding 227 younger patients. Short-term surgical outcomes were postoperative morbidity, length of hospital stay, 30-day and 90-day mortality. Long-term operative outcomes were disease-free and overall survival.

Results

454 patients were included in the matched-pair analysis. 36% of younger patients developed postoperative complications versus 42% in older patients (p = 0.163). Age was not significantly associated with the occurrence of postoperative complications. Median length of hospital stay was 14 days in older patients and 13 days in younger patients (p = 0.185). 90-day mortality was 2.2% in younger patients compared to 4% in older patients (p = 0.424). In patients aged 75 and older impaired performance status (ECOG ≥ 1) was associated with decreased overall survival (HR = 2.15, CI 1.34–3.46), as were preoperative serum C-reactive protein / albumin ratio ≥ 0.3 (HR = 1.95, CI 1.23–3.11) and elevated preoperative serum creatinine levels ≥ 1.1 mg/dl (HR = 1.84, CI 1.15–2.95). In the younger cohort male sex (HR = 2.26, CI 1.17–4.36), postoperative stage III disease (HR 4.61, CI 2.23–9.54) and preoperative anemia (hemoglobin < 12 g/dl) (HR 2.09, CI 1.10–3.96) were associated with decreased overall survival.

Conclusions

Lung resection for NSCLC in older patients is associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality comparable to those of younger patients. In older patients, physical activity, comorbidities and nutritional status are related to survival and should influence the indication for surgery rather than age alone.
mTOR activation induces endolysosomal remodeling and nonclassical secretion of IL-32 via exosomes in inflammatory reactive astrocytes
Authors: Leng Kun , Rooney Brendan , McCarthy Frank , Xia Wenlong , Rose Indigo V. L. , Bax Sophie , Chin Marcus , Fathi Saeed , Herrington Kari A. , Leonetti Manuel , Kao Aimee , Fancy Stephen P. J. , Elias Joshua E. , Kampmann Martin
Published: August 2024

Astrocytes respond and contribute to neuroinflammation by adopting inflammatory reactive states. Although recent efforts have characterized the gene expression signatures associated with these reactive states, the cell biology underlying inflammatory reactive astrocyte phenotypes remains under-explored. Here, we used CRISPR-based screening in human iPSC-derived astrocytes to identify mTOR activation a driver of cytokine-induced endolysosomal system remodeling, manifesting as alkalinization of endolysosomal compartments, decreased autophagic flux, and increased exocytosis of certain endolysosomal cargos. Through endolysosomal proteomics, we identified and focused on one such cargo–IL-32, a disease-associated pro-inflammatory cytokine not present in rodents, whose secretion mechanism is not well understood. We found that IL-32 was partially secreted in extracellular vesicles likely to be exosomes. Furthermore, we found that IL-32 was involved in the polarization of inflammatory reactive astrocyte states and was upregulated in astrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions. We believe that our results advance our understanding of cell biological pathways underlying inflammatory reactive astrocyte phenotypes and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Wandering about allostery
Authors: Brunori Maurizio
Published: August 2024

It was a Lucky Strike to be working with Eraldo Antonini on hemoglobin and myoglobin when Jeffries Wyman arrived in Rome in 1961. I found myself connected with a number of creative scientists when the concept of allosteric control was conceived and gifted to the life science community. In retrospect, this was a demonstration of the skill and imagination of a few intelligent scientists that I happened to be close to. Those talents demonstrated the power of creativity as pictured by the motto “Mens agitat molem”; a celebration of humanism and intellect that paved the way to novel discoveries in the field of structure function relationships in proteins. I have presented hereby some of the events and the people as emerged from my memory over three decades of exciting scientific life.