bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intact ribosomal DNA arrays of Potentilla origin detected in Erythronium nucleus suggest recent eudicot‐to‐monocot horizontal transfer
Authors: Bartha László , Mandáková Terezie , Kovařík Aleš , Bulzu Paul‐Adrian , Rodde Nathalie , Mahelka Václav , Lysak Martin A. , Fustier Margaux‐Alison , Šafář Jan , Cápal Petr , Keresztes Lujza , Banciu Horia L.
Published: April 2022

During our initial phylogenetic study of the monocot genus Erythronium (Liliaceae), we observed peculiar eudicot‐type internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences in a dataset derived from genomic DNA of Erythronium dens‐canis. This raised the possibility of horizontal transfer of a eudicot alien ribosomal DNA (rDNA) into the Erythronium genome. In this work we aimed to support this hypothesis by carrying out genomic, molecular, and cytogenetic analyses.

Genome skimming coupled by PacBio HiFi sequencing of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone derived from flow‐sorted nuclei was used to characterise the alien 45S rDNA. Integration of alien rDNA in the recipient genome was further proved by Southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization using specific probes.

Alien rDNA, nested among Potentilla species in phylogenetic analysis, likely entered the Erythronium lineage in the common ancestor of E. dens‐canis and E. caucasicum. Transferred eudicot‐type rDNA preserved its tandemly arrayed feature on a single chromosome and was found to be transcribed in the monocot host, albeit much less efficiently than the native counterpart.

This study adds a new example to the rarely documented nuclear‐to‐nuclear jumps of DNA between eudicots and monocots while holding the scientific community continually in suspense about the mode of DNA transfer.
Eco‐evolutionary causes and consequences of rarity in plants: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Boyd Jennifer Nagel , Anderson Jill T. , Brzyski Jessica , Baskauf Carol , Cruse‐Sanders Jennifer
Published: April 2022

Species differ dramatically in their prevalence in the natural world, with many species characterized as rare due to restricted geographic distribution, low local abundance and/or habitat specialization.

We investigated the ecoevolutionary causes and consequences of rarity with phylogenetically controlled metaanalyses of population genetic diversity, fitness and functional traits in rare and common congeneric plant species. Our syntheses included 252 rare species and 267 common congeners reported in 153 peer‐reviewed articles published from 1978 to 2020 and one manuscript in press.

Rare species have reduced population genetic diversity, depressed fitness and smaller reproductive structures than common congeners. Rare species also could suffer from inbreeding depression and reduced fertilization efficiency.

By limiting their capacity to adapt and migrate, these characteristics could influence contemporary patterns of rarity and increase the susceptibility of rare species to rapid environmental change. We recommend that future studies present more nuanced data on the extent of rarity in focal species, expose rare and common species to ecologically relevant treatments, including reciprocal transplants, and conduct quantitative genetic and population genomic analyses across a greater array of systems. This research could elucidate the processes that contribute to rarity and generate robust predictions of extinction risks under global change.
SubPhaser: a robust allopolyploid subgenome phasing method based on subgenome‐specific k‐mers
Authors: Jia Kai‐Hua , Wang Zhao‐Xuan , Wang Longxin , Li Guang‐Yuan , Zhang Wei , Wang Xiao‐Ling , Xu Fang‐Ji , Jiao Si‐Qian , Zhou Shan‐Shan , Liu Hui , Ma Yongpeng , Bi Guiqi , Zhao Wei , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Porth Ilga , Li Guowei , Zhang Ren‐Gang , Mao Jian‐Feng
Published: April 2022

With advanced sequencing technology, dozens of complex polyploid plant genomes have been characterized. However, for many polyploid species, their diploid ancestors are unknown or extinct, making it impossible to unravel the subgenomes and genome evolution directly.

We developed a novel subgenome‐phasing algorithm, SubPhaser, specifically designed for a neoallopolyploid or a homoploid hybrid. SubPhaser first searches for the subgenome‐specific sequence (k‐mer), then assigns homoeologous chromosomes into subgenomes, and further provides tools to annotate and investigate specific sequences.

SubPhaser works well on neoallopolyploids and homoploid hybrids containing subgenome‐specific sequences like wheat, but fails on autopolyploids lacking subgenome‐specific sequences like alfalfa, indicating that SubPhaser can phase neoallopolyploid/homoploid hybrids with high accuracy, sensitivity and performance.

This highly accurate, highly sensitive, ancestral data free chromosome phasing algorithm, SubPhaser, offers significant application value for subgenome phasing in neoallopolyploids and homoploid hybrids, and for the subsequent exploration of genome evolution and related genetic/epigenetic mechanisms.
PICKLE associates with histone deacetylase 9 to mediate vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hu Tieqiang , Manuela Darren , Hinsch Valerie , Xu Mingli
Published: April 2022

The juvenile‐to‐adult vegetative phase change in flowering plants is mediated by a decrease in miR156 levels. Downregulation of MIR156A/MIR156C, the two major sources of miR156, is accompanied by a decrease in acetylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac) and an increase in trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3) at MIR156A/MIR156C in Arabidopsis.

Here, we show that histone deacetylase 9 (HDA9) is recruited to MIR156A/MIR156C during the juvenile phase and associates with the CHD3 chromatin remodeler PICKLE (PKL) to erase H3K27ac at MIR156A/MIR156C.

H2Aub and H3K27me3 become enriched at MIR156A/MIR156C, and the recruitment of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) to MIR156A/MIR156C is partially dependent on the activities of PKL and HDA9.

Our results suggest that PKL associates with histone deacetylases to erase H3K27ac and promote PRC1 and PRC2 activities to mediate vegetative phase change and maintain plants in the adult phase after the phase transition.
Too many teams? Examining the impact of multiple team memberships and permanent team identification on employees’ identity strain, cognitive depletion, and turnover
Authors: Mistry Sal , Kirkman Bradley L. , Moore Ozias A. , Hanna Andrew A. , Rapp Tammy L.
Published: April 2022

As the prevalence of multiple team membership (MTM) arrangements continues to grow, researchers have argued that shifting between teams and work roles induces MTM identity strain and other harmful outcomes. Drawing from work role transitions research on role identity and integrating it with social identity theory, we investigate this line of reasoning by conducting two studies, one field and one online panel study, focusing on blended MTMs, in which employees are concurrently assigned to a permanent team and several temporary project teams. Specifically, we examine the theoretical mechanisms explaining a positive relationship between number of temporary teams and turnover decisions. In Study 1, we surprisingly found that number of temporary teams negatively related to turnover decisions through MTM identity strain with permanent team identification strengthening this effect. In contrast, in Study 2, we found support for the hypothesized relationships: number of teams indirectly positively related to turnover intentions, mediated by MTM identity strain and cognitive depletion, and permanent team identification weakened the indirect effect. We provide explanations for these mixed findings and suggest theoretical and practical implications for MTM research.
Thinking and being sure*
Authors: Goodman Jeremy , Holguín Ben
Published: April 2022

How is what we believe related to how we act? That depends on what we mean by ‘believe’. On the one hand, there is what we're sure of: what our names are, where we were born, whether we are sitting in front of a screen. Surety, in this sense, is not uncommon — it does not imply Cartesian absolute certainty, from which no possible course of experience could dislodge us. But there are many things that we think that we are not sure of. For example, you might think that it will rain sometime this month, but not be sure that it will. Both what we're sure of and what we think have important normative connections to action. But the connections are quite different. This paper explores these issues with respect to assertion, inquiry, and decision making. We conclude by arguing that there is no theoretically significant notion of ‘full belief’ intermediate in strength between thinking and being sure.
Association between high levels of body‐esteem and increased degree of midcingulate cortex global connectivity: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Chen Ximei , Xiao Mingyue , Qin Jingmin , Bian Ziming , Qiu Jiang , Feng Tingyong , He Qinghua , Lei Xu , Chen Hong
Published: April 2022

Multiple neuroimaging studies have examined the neural underpinnings of body image disturbances in patients with eating disorders. However, key brain regions related to body image, such as body‐esteem (BE), among healthy individuals are understudied. Given the extremely crucial role of BE in eating behaviors and physical and mental health, the current study conducted data‐driven analysis and characterized the neurobiological correlates of BE with the network properties of the resting brain using the voxel‐wise degree centrality (DC) measures of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) data and seed‐based resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC). A total of 694 healthy young adults (females = 474, mean age = 18.38 years, range = 17–22) underwent rs‐fMRI, and completed the Body‐Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, the Eating Disorder Diagnosis Scale, and the Restraint Scale. After correcting for differences in age, gender, body mass index, and head motion, whole‐brain correlation analyses revealed that a high level of BE was associated with increased DC within the right midcingulate cortex (MCC) and subsequent high levels of MCC‐based RSFC strengths. Furthermore, MCC connectivity patterns related to BE were inversely associated with disordered eating behaviors. These findings suggest that adaptive cognitive and emotional regulation (i.e., self‐evaluation and emotion based on body image) may explain the potential relationship between MCC connectivity patterns and BE to a certain extent. As such, future studies should investigate these interesting possibilities.
Father–child physiological concordance on two timescales is differentially associated with paternal characteristics
Authors: Zhang Xutong , Gatzke‐Kopp Lisa M. , Chen Meng , Cole Pamela M. , Ram Nilam
Published: April 2022

Conceptual work on interpersonal physiology suggests that the dynamic concordance between two person's physiological arousal may transpire on multiple timescales, and the timescale on which it unfolds may determine its psychological significance. The current study tested this hypothesis in the context of parent–child interaction by examining whether the concordance in their cardiac arousal on two timescales was differentially associated with parental characteristics. Using data from 98 fathers and their 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children during a task designed to frustrate young children, results indicated that the associations between cardiac concordance and fathers' self‐reported parenting hassles emerged for the slower timescale (concordant increasing trends in arousal), whereas concordance on the faster timescale (concordant second‐by‐second reactivity) was associated with fathers' emotional clarity. Findings suggest that there may be multiple layers of concordant patterns in the dynamic associations between fathers' and children's cardiac arousal, which unfold on different timescales and bear different psychological significance.
Community centered public safety resilience under public emergencies: A case study of COVID‐19
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Zha Guoqing , Pan Xing , Zuo Dujun , Xu Qianxin , Wang Huixiong
Published: April 2022

During public emergencies, the level of public safety will be resilient and follow a process from decline to rise. Regarding the concept and influencing factors of public safety resilience, a three‐level public safety resilience framework that includes personal, community, and government levels was proposed in this study. It provided the overall metrics that used the resistance and recovery ability to describe the dynamic characteristics of public safety resilience as well as the resilience assessment indexes on three levels. In the context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, this study applied the proposed framework in a case study on public safety resilience at the Beihang community, Beijing, China through descriptive statistics, structural equation model, and principal component regression analysis of questionnaire data. The data analysis results showed that community resilience was the most important of the three levels of public safety resilience. In addition, community resilience could improve personal resilience, and government resilience had a positive effect on community and personal resilience. Compared with the resistance ability, the recovery ability was influenced more by the operation and improvement of the community. This study is conducive to understanding and improving public safety resilience on the personal, community, and government levels and can help relevant parties improve their ability to respond to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Furthermore, the methods used in this study can be extended to other studies on public emergencies.
Bayesian Imputation of COVID-19 Positive Test Counts for Nowcasting Under Reporting Lag
Authors: Jersakova Radka , Lomax James , Hetherington James , Lehmann Brieuc , Nicholson George , Briers Mark , Holmes Chris
Published: April 2022

Obtaining up to date information on the number of UK COVID-19 regional infections is hampered by the reporting lag in positive test results for people with COVID-19 symptoms. In the UK, for ‘Pillar 2’ swab tests for those showing symptoms, it can take up to five days for results to be collated. We make use of the stability of the under reporting process over time to motivate a statistical temporal model that infers the final total count given the partial count information as it arrives. We adopt a Bayesian approach that provides for subjective priors on parameters and a hierarchical structure for an underlying latent intensity process for the infection counts. This results in a smoothed time-series representation nowcasting the expected number of daily counts of positive tests with uncertainty bands that can be used to aid decision making. Inference is performed using sequential Monte Carlo.
Reversal of hepatorenal syndrome and kidney recovery: When renal has more to offer
Authors: Hu Shou‐ci , Xia Hong , Ye Qing‐qing , Xia Cong , Xu Yu‐lin , Xiang Xiao‐jun , Ma Hong‐zhen , Gao Xiang‐fu , Chen Hong‐bo
Published: April 2022

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is one of the most severe complications in advanced cirrhosis. Type‐1 HRS is relatively uncommon, yet carries considerably higher mortality rate. Effective treatment for HRS, especially therapy towards survival benefits, is still limited. However, the role for dialysis in HRS has been questioned over the years. The initiation of dialysis remains controversial for those who aren't transplant candidates. Meanwhile, there's a growing attention towards the successful use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in cirrhotic patients. Herein, we report a case of HRS‐1 in a 76‐year‐old male patient with decompensated cirrhosis. Through a series of adjustments of hemodialysis regimens and pharmacological prescriptions, patient stabilized and the opportunity for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) insertion was gained. PD was initiated after TIPS placement. With a gradual decrease of dialysis dose, patient successfully weaned off PD and achieved both reversal of HRS and kidney recovery. Markedly improved nutritional status and quality of life were reported. The potential role of dialysis and TIPS in HRS may be worth revisiting. Further studies regarding the optimal timing of dialysis initiation, choices of dialysis modality, and efficacy of dialysis therapy in combination with TIPS in HRS patients are warranted.
Beta2‐agonist increases skeletal muscle interleukin 6 production and release in response to resistance exercise in men
Authors: Hostrup Morten , Knudsen Jakob Grunnet , Kristensen Caroline Maag , Jessen Søren , Pilegaard Henriette , Bangsbo Jens
Published: April 2022

Objective

Several tissues produce and release interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in response to beta2‐adrenergic stimulation with selective agonists (beta2‐agonists). Moreover, exercise stimulates muscle IL‐6 production, but whether beta2‐agonists regulate skeletal muscle production and release of IL‐6 in humans in association with exercise remains to be clarified. Thus, we investigated leg IL‐6 release in response to beta2‐agonist salbutamol in lean young men at rest and in recovery from resistance exercise.

Design

The study employed a randomized controlled crossover design, where 12 men ingested either salbutamol (16 mg) or placebo for 4 days, followed by the last dose (24 mg) administered 1½ h before exercise. Arterial and femoral venous plasma IL‐6 as well as femoral artery blood flow was measured before and ½–5 h in recovery from quadriceps muscle resistance exercise. Furthermore, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected ½ and 5 h after exercise for determination of mRNA levels of IL‐6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)‐α.

Results

Average leg IL‐6 release was 1.7‐fold higher (p = 0.01) for salbutamol than placebo, being 138 ± 76 and 79 ± 66 pg min−1 (mean ± SD) for salbutamol and placebo, respectively, but IL‐6 release was not significantly different between treatments within specific sampling points at rest and after exercise. Muscle IL‐6 mRNA was 1.5‐ and 1.7‐fold higher (p = 0.001) for salbutamol than placebo ½ and 5 h after exercise, respectively, whereas no significant treatment differences were observed for TNF‐α mRNA.

Conclusions

Beta2‐adrenergic stimulation with high doses of the selective beta2‐agonist salbutamol, preceeded by 4 consecutive daily doses, induces transcription of IL‐6 in skeletal muscle in response to resistance exercise, and increases muscle IL‐6 release in lean individuals.
Dose‐response association between step count and cardiovascular disease risk markers in middle‐aged adults
Authors: Hamer Mark , Blodgett Joanna M. , Stamatakis Emmanuel
Published: April 2022

Several step‐based daily targets have been widely circulated, but there is a lack of empirical population‐based evidence to support such guidance. We examined dose‐response associations between step count and classical CVD risk markers (glycated hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and C‐reactive protein) in 4665 adults (aged 46 years; 51.4% female) in a cross‐sectional study. Step counts were measured from a thigh mounted accelerometer (activPAL) worn over 7 days. The shape of the dose‐response curve for most risk markers was “L‐shaped,” with linear risk reduction up to around 10 000 steps a day. Controlling for stepping intensity did not materially alter our results.
Right‐Wing Populist Parties' Bordering Narratives in Times of Crisis: Anti‐Immigration Discourse in the Genevan Borderland during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Yerly Grégoire
Published: April 2022

Right‐wing populist parties (RWPPs) view immigration as a threat to national identity and cultural and political cohesion. This paper explores the discourse on immigration of two such parties during a systemic crisis (the COVID‐19 pandemic) in a borderland area that entails a specific “symbolization” of the border as a result of geographic proximity. What kind of bordering narratives occur in this context, and how do they evolve? To answer these questions, the major RWPPs operating in the Geneva region were studied: the Genevan Swiss People's Party and the Geneva Citizens' Movement. Through a critical discourse analysis, a total of 181 documents published between 1 January and 31 August 2020 were analyzed, including the parties' official Facebook posts, press releases, and newspaper articles. Results show that the context of the pandemic favored the emergence of a strong re‐bordering narrative.
The conditional relationship between cultural and economic threats in white Americans’ support for refugee relocation programs
Authors: Filindra Alexandra , Nassar Rita L. , Buyuker Beyza E.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Scholars have reached conflicting results as to the relative importance of cultural and economic threats to majority group receptivity to immigrants and refugees. This study seeks to test whether cultural or economic threat has a stronger influence on white Americans’ receptivity to Syrian refugees.

Method

We designed a 2 × 2 priming experiment fielded among white Americans in 2015 that varies both the religion of Syrian refugees to be admitted to the United States (Christian vs. Muslim) and the material costs of refugee admission (economic burden vs. no economic burden).

Results

The results show that cultural threat (Muslim religion) is not by itself sufficient to induce a decline in receptivity among white Americans. Instead, it is the combination of cultural and economic threats that leads to lower levels of refugee acceptance.

Conclusion

Cultural threat, especially when it comes to religious “others,” may not operate alone but in conjunction with material fears.
A topological model of trajectories with road network space
Authors: Wu Tao , Zhu Yuanyuan , Xiang Longgang , Qin Jianxin , Wan Yiliang
Published: April 2022

Spatiotemporal topological semantic information has attracted a lot of attention recently when exploring high‐level human movement features in geographic contexts. Although topological semantics between a trajectory and individual spatial objects have been studied extensively, few studies have focused on movements in the specific context of spatial infrastructures, such as road networks. This study proposes a topological trajectory model that integrates the topological semantics of trajectory data related to road networks and regions in a unified framework. The proposed model considers key points during a trajectory and establishes a topological intersection model to describe key points’ semantics. With the topological semantics of the trajectory–road network obtained, the road network’s semantic relation is derived directly from the topological relation between road networks and regions. This model can intuitively express the semantic relations of the three elements, trajectory, road network, and region, which helps spatial queries and analyses of network constrained movements. A case study of real traffic data shows that more detailed semantic information can be obtained based on this model.
Citrus FRIGIDA cooperates with its interaction partner dehydrin to regulate drought tolerance
Authors: Xu Yuan‐Yuan , Zeng Ren‐Fang , Zhou Huan , Qiu Mei‐Qi , Gan Zhi‐Meng , Yang Yi‐Lin , Hu Si‐Fan , Zhou Jing‐Jing , Hu Chun‐Gen , Zhang Jin‐Zhi
Published: April 2022

Drought is a major environmental stress that severely affects plant growth and crop productivity. FRIGIDA (FRI) is a key regulator of flowering time and drought tolerance in model plants. However, little is known regarding its functions in woody plants, including citrus. Thus, we explored the functional role of the citrus FRI ortholog (CiFRI) under drought. Drought treatment induced CiFRI expression. CiFRI overexpression enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and citrus, while CiFRI suppression increased drought susceptibility in citrus. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling under drought conditions suggested that CiFRI overexpression altered the expression of numerous genes involved in the stress response, hormone biosynthesis, and signal transduction. Mechanistic studies revealed that citrus dehydrin likely protects CiFRI from stress‐induced degradation, thereby enhancing plant drought tolerance. In addition, a citrus brassinazole‐resistant (BZR) transcription factor family member (CiBZR1) directly binds to the CiFRI promoter to activate its expression under drought conditions. CiBZR1 also enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and citrus. These findings further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the CiFRI‐mediated drought stress response in citrus.
Is routine blood typing and screening necessary for degenerative cervical spine surgery patients in specialty surgical hospitals?
Authors: Núñez Jorge H. , Bosch‐García David , Escudero Berta , Martínez‐Peñas Judith , Omiste Irene , Alonzo‐González Francisco , García de Frutos Ana , Ramírez Manuel
Published: April 2022

Background

Blood loss warranting transfusion is a relatively rare requirement for degenerative cervical spine surgery. Despite this rarity, pretransfusion testing (blood typing, screening, and cross‐matching) has become routine in most parts of the world. We sought to determine if such routine testing is necessary for patients who undergo degenerative cervical spine surgery patients in specialty surgical hospitals by (1) measuring the current rate of intraoperative transfusions in degenerative cervical spine surgery and (2) identifying risk factors for transfusions.

Study Methods

Retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent degenerative cervical spine surgery in two institutions. Demographic and baseline clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed to identify predictors of transfusion. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify perioperative transfusion risk factors.

Results

Overall transfusion rate was 1.9% (7/372), with no emergent transfusions. Decreases between preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit were 1.4 (SD 1.1) g/dL and 7.2 (SD 4.1) %, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression identified preoperative Hgb lower than 12 gr/dl (OR 27.62; 95% CI 4.31–176.96; p < 0.001) as significant independent transfusion risk factor. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the model showed a very good discriminatory power with an area under the curve of 0.91.

Discussion

Our study suggests that pretransfusion testing for all patients undergoing degenerative cervical spine surgery is unnecessary. We recommend that only patients with preoperative Hgb lower than 12 gr/dl would routinely need pretransfusion testing.
Concurrent Agreement Between ActiGraph and activPAL for Measuring Physical Activity in Pregnant Women and Office Workers
Authors: Jones Melissa A. , Diesel Sara J. , Barone Gibbs Bethany , Whitaker Kara M.
Published: April 2022

Introduction:Current best practice for objective measurement of sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) requires two separate devices. This study assessed concurrent agreement between the ActiGraph GT3X and the activPAL3 micro for measuring MVPA to determine if activPAL can accurately measure MVPA in addition to its known capacity to measure sedentary behavior.Methods:Forty participants from two studies, including pregnant women (n = 20) and desk workers (n = 20), provided objective measurement of MVPA from waist-worn ActiGraph GT3X and thigh-worn activPAL micro3. MVPA from the GT3X was compared with MVPA from the activPAL using metabolic equivalents of task (MET)- and step-based data across three epochs. Intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analyses, overall and by study sample, compared MVPA minutes per day across methods.Results:Mean estimates of activPAL MVPA ranged from 22.7 to 35.2 (MET based) and 19.7 to 25.8 (step based) minutes per day, compared with 31.4 min/day (GT3X). MET-based MVPA had high agreement with GT3X, intraclass correlation coefficient ranging from .831 to .875. Bland–Altman analyses revealed minimal bias between 15- and 30-s MET-based MVPA and GT3X MVPA (−3.77 to 8.63 min/day,p > .10) but with wide limits of agreement (greater than ±27 min). Step-based MVPA had moderate to high agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient: .681–.810), but consistently underestimated GT3X MVPA (bias: 5.62–11.74 min/day,p < .02). For all methods, activPAL appears to better estimate GT3X at lower quantities of MVPA. Results were similar when repeated separately by pregnant women and desk workers.Conclusion:activPAL can measure MVPA in addition to sedentary behavior, providing an option for concurrent, single device monitoring. MET-based MVPA using 30-s activPAL epochs provided the best estimate of GT3X MVPA in pregnant women and desk workers.
Responsiveness and Validity of Weight-Bearing Test for Measuring Loading Capacity in Patients With Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injury
Authors: Kuru Cigdem Ayhan , Uysal Ozgun , Karaca Nur Banu , Akar Zeliha , Ayhan Egemen , Kuru Ilhami
Published: April 2022

Context: Weight-bearing test (WBT) is a noninvasive quantitative test which has been used recently to determine loading capability of the individuals. The aim of this study was to strengthen the evidence for using the WBT test for measuring weight-bearing capacity of the upper-extremity with the specific objective of examining the internal and external responsiveness and concurrent validity of the test in patients with triangular fibrocartilage complex injury. Design: Single-group repeated measures. Methods: Internal responsiveness was assessed using effect size statistics. The correlation coefficient was used to examine external responsiveness by testing 5 hypotheses regarding predefined correlations between the changes in the measurements. Concurrent validity was evaluated by analyzing correlations between the WBT and other measurements. Thirty-one patients with triangular fibrocartilage complex injury were included for the analysis of the concurrent validity. Eighteen patients who completed all measurements at baseline and at 3-month follow-up enrolled for the responsiveness analysis. Measurements included the WBT, pain intensity, grip strength, and upper extremity functional level. Results: The WBT test was able to detect statistically significant changes in weight-bearing capacity between baseline and follow-up (P = .0001). The effect size of the WBT was large. Three out of 5 hypotheses (60%) were confirmed, a good correlation was found between changes scores of the WBT and grip strength (r = .478; P < .05). There were significant correlations between the WBT and other measurements (r value range from −.401 to .742; P < .05). A higher correlation was found between the WBT and grip strength (r = .742; P = .0001). Conclusions: The responsiveness and concurrent validity of the WBT test confirmed that it is able to measure change in weight-bearing capacity in patients with triangular fibrocartilage complex injury.
Simulating neutron star mergers with the Lagrangian Numerical Relativity code SPHINCS_BSSN
Authors: Diener Peter , Rosswog Stephan , Torsello Francesco
Published: April 2022

We present the first neutron star merger simulations performed with the newly developed Numerical Relativity code . This code evolves the spacetime on a mesh using the BSSN formulation, but matter is evolved via Lagrangian particles according to a high-accuracy version of general-relativistic Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Our code contains a number of new methodological elements compared to other Numerical Relativity codes. The main focus here is on the new elements that were introduced to model neutron star mergers. These include (a) a refinement (fixed in time) of the spacetime-mesh, (b) corresponding changes in the particle–mesh mapping algorithm and (c) a novel way to construct SPH initial data for binary systems via the recently developed “Artificial Pressure Method.” This latter method makes use of the spectral initial data produced by the library , and is implemented in a new code called . While our main focus is on introducing these new methodological elements and documenting the current status of , we also show as a first application a set of neutron star merger simulations employing “soft” ($$\varGamma =2.00$$

Γ
=
2.00

) and “stiff” ($$\varGamma =2.75$$

Γ
=
2.75

) polytropic equations of state.
Pinning down $$|\Delta c|=|\Delta u|=1$$ couplings with rare charm baryon decays
Authors: Golz Marcel , Hiller Gudrun , Magorsch Tom
Published: April 2022

We study the full angular distribution of semileptonic rare charm baryon decays in which the secondary baryon undergoes weak decay with sizable polarization parameter, $$\Xi _c^+\rightarrow \Sigma ^+\,(\rightarrow p\pi ^0)\ell ^+\ell ^-$$

Ξ
c
+

→

Σ
+

(
→
p

π
0

)

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

, $$\Xi _c^0\rightarrow \Lambda ^0\,(\rightarrow p \pi ^-)\ell ^+\ell ^-$$

Ξ
c
0

→

Λ
0

(
→
p

π
-

)

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

and $$\Omega _c^0\rightarrow \Xi ^0\,(\rightarrow \Lambda ^{0} \pi ^0)\ell ^+\ell ^-$$

Ω
c
0

→

Ξ
0

(
→

Λ
0

π
0

)

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

. Such self-analyzing decay chains allow for seven additional observables compared to three-body decays such as $$\Lambda _c \rightarrow p \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

Λ
c

→
p

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

, with different sensitivities to the $$|\Delta c|=|\Delta u|=1$$

|
Δ
c
|
=
|
Δ
u
|
=
1

weak couplings. Opportunities to test the standard model in $$c \rightarrow u$$

c
→
u

transitions with standard model null tests and other angular observables are worked out. We show that a joint model-independent analysis of the leptonic $$A_{\text {FB}}^\ell $$

A

FB

ℓ

, hadronic $$A_{\text {FB}}^{\text {H}}$$

A

FB

H

, and combined forward–backward asymmetry $$A_{\text {FB}}^{\ell \text {H}}$$

A

FB

ℓ
H

together with the fraction of longitudinally produced leptons, $$F_L$$

F
L

, is able to pin down the dipole couplings $$C_{7},C^\prime _{7}$$

C
7

,

C
7
′

and the semileptonic (axial-) vector ones $$C_{10},C^\prime _{9},C^\prime _{10}$$

C
10

,

C
9
′

,

C
10
′

. $$A_{\text {FB}}^{\text {H}}$$

A

FB

H

is also accessible with dineutrino $$c \rightarrow u \nu {\bar{\nu }}$$

c
→
u
ν

ν

¯

modes and probes right-handed currents.
Dark matter from torsion in Friedmann cosmology
Authors: Pereira S. H. , Vicente A. M. , Jesus J. F. , Holanda R. F. L.
Published: April 2022

A cosmological model in an Einstein–Cartan framework endowed with torsion is studied. For a torsion function assumed to be proportional to Hubble expansion function, namely $$\phi =-\alpha H$$

ϕ
=
-
α
H

, the contribution of torsion function as a dark matter component is studied in two different approaches. In the first one, the total matter energy density is altered by torsion coupling $$\alpha $$
α
, giving rise to an effective dark matter and cosmological constant terms that reproduce quite well the flat cosmic concordance model. In the second approach, starting with just standard baryonic matter plus a cosmological constant term, it is obtained that the coupling of torsion with baryons and cosmological constant term naturally gives rise to a dark matter contribution, together a modified cosmological term. In this model the dark matter sector can be interpreted as an effective coupling of the torsion function with the ordinary baryonic matter and cosmological constant. Finally, it is shown that both models are totally compatible with recent cosmological data from Supernovae and Hubble parameter measurements.
A novel computational analysis of fractional differential equation based on elliptic discrete equation
Authors: Dong Jing
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a novel computational analysis to solve fractional differential equations based on elliptic discrete equations. The traditional solution method of the fractional differential equation was complex, and the solution efficiency and accuracy were low. In the process of solving, the definition, properties, and integral transformation of fractional calculus were analyzed, and then solving the fractional differential equation on the basis of the elliptic discrete equation. From the evaluation of the results, it can be concluded that the proposed method has high solution accuracy.
Optical solitons and other solutions to the Hirota–Maccari system with conformable, M-truncated and beta derivatives
Authors: Ozdemir Neslihan , Esen Handenur , Secer Aydin , Bayram Mustafa , Yusuf Abdullahi , Sulaiman Tukur Abdulkadir
Published: April 2022

In this research paper, we scrutinize the novel traveling wave solutions and other solutions with conformable, M-truncated and beta fractional derivatives for the nonlinear fractional Hirota–Maccari system. In order to acquire the analytical solutions, the Riccati–Bernoulli sub-ODE technique is implemented. Presented method is the very powerful technique to get the novel exact soliton and other solutions for nonlinear partial equations in sense of both integer and fractional-order derivatives. Mathematical properties of different kinds of fractional derivatives are given in this paper. A comparative approach is presented between the solutions with the fractional derivatives. For the validity of the solutions, the constraints conditions are determined. To illustrate the physical meaning of the presented equation, the 2D and 3D graphs of the acquired solutions are successfully charted by selecting appropriate values of parameters.
Exploring trapping problem on simplicial networks encoding higher-order interactions
Authors: Guo Junhao , wu Zikai
Published: April 2022

Biological, social and man-made systems often harbor various types of higher-order interaction, whose presence may substantially impact the dynamics on these systems. As a special random walk, paradigmatic trapping problem is still scarcely explored on networks encoding higher-order interactions. In this paper, applying simplicial networks produced by edge corona product as test bed, we explore how the higher-order interaction impact trapping process. Specifically, an immobile trap is first deployed at an initial node of the networks and average trapping time (ATT) is derived analytically to measure trapping efficiency of standard weight-dependent random walk. Then, delayed random walk incorporating delay phenomenon into random walk process is introduced into the networks and closed form solution of ATT is still obtained for quantifying trapping efficiency. The obtained analytical solutions of ATT in both scenarios show that ATT grows sub-linearly with network size but its leading scaling is quantitatively dependent on the parameter specifying building block of networks. Besides, analytical expression of ATT obtained in the latter scenario shows that the parameter [Formula: see text] manipulating delayed random walk does not affect the leading scaling of ATT but can quantitatively modify its prefactor. Therefore, introduction of delay phenomenon still can modulate trapping efficiency quantitatively in the presence of higher-order interaction. This work may pave the way for modulating trapping process and related dynamical processes on general networks modeling higher-order interactions.
Spectral properties of a class of treelike networks generated by motifs with single root node
Authors: Bai Shiwei , Niu Min
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we introduce a class of treelike networks generated by motifs with single root node. We study the spectral properties of treelike networks by studying the behaviors of the corresponding adjacency matrix and Laplacian matrix. First, we get the adjacency matrix and Laplacian matrix of this treelike network. Then, we analyze symmetry of eigenvalues, multiplicity of eigenvalue [Formula: see text] and prove that its largest eigenvalue is strictly monotonically increasing and convergent. Finally, we introduce a new method to prove that the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix is strictly monotonically increasing and convergent. Also, we obtain that its smallest nonzero eigenvalue is strictly monotonically decreasing and convergent.
The (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation in dusty plasma and its analytical solutions
Authors: Xu Liyang , Yin Xiaojun , Sa Rula
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation is studied from the governing equations of dusty plasma by means of multiscale analysis and reduced perturbation method. We utilize the generalized exponential rational function method to give various forms of analytical solutions with free parameters of the corresponding equation by using Mathematica software calculation. Then, appropriate parameter values are selected to draw the three-dimensional (3D) diagram and contour diagram of the analytic solutions. We also give the influence of these physical parameters on wave amplitude, waves profile, and stability of waves. The results show the generalized method is a reliable mathematical method to solve similar nonlinear equations in mathematical physics and these solutions can enrich the physical behavior of the equation in dusty plasma.
Crossover from two- to one-dimensional Fickian diffusion in a quasi-one-dimensional system
Authors: Balankin Alexander S. , Martínez-Cruz M. A. , Reyes de Luna E.
Published: April 2022

In this work, we study the effects of geometric confinement on random walks and diffusion processes in systems of reduced dimensionality. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations of Gaussian random walks were performed on rectangular strips of infinite length. A special emphasis is made on the crossover from two- to one-dimensional diffusion in the Fickian regime. We found that the crossover behavior is controlled by the ratio of the strip width to the standard deviation of the walker step length distribution. Specifically, the characteristic time of crossover behavior scales quadratically with this ratio. Furthermore, the time dependence of the number of effective spatial degrees of freedom of the random walker on the strip is found to obey an ansatz characterized by the universal power-law exponent. This allows us to formulate the diffusion equation with the time dependent number of effective spatial degrees of freedom in the quasi-one-dimensional system.
Robust satellite antenna fingerprinting under degradation using recurrent neural network
Authors: Qiu Song , Sava Kalliopi , Guo Weisi
Published: April 2022

Antenna fingerprinting is critical for a range of physical-layer wireless security protocols to prevent eavesdropping. The fingerprinting process exploits manufacturing defects in the antenna that cause small imperfections in signal waveform, which are unique to each antenna and hence device identity. It is an established process for physical-layer wireless authentication with proven usage systems in terrestrial systems. The premise relies on accurate signal feature discovery from a large set of similar antennas and stable fingerprint patterns over the operational life of the antenna. However, in space, many low-cost satellite antennas suffer degradation from atomic oxygen (AO). This is particularly a problem for nano-satellites or impromptu temporary space antennas to establish an emergency link, both of which are designed to operate for a short time span and are currently not always afforded protective coating. Current antenna fingerprinting techniques only use Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to take a snap-shot fingerprint before degradation, and hence fail to capture temporal variations due to degradation. Here, we show how we can perform robust antenna fingerprinting (99.34% accuracy) for up to 198 days under intense AO degradation damage using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). We compare our RNN results with CNNs and SVM techniques using different signal features and for different Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite scenarios. We believe this initial research can be further improved and has real-world impact on physical-layer security of short-term nano-satellite antennas in space.
An efficient resource allocation strategy for three-layer networks
Authors: Ma Jinlong , Ma Jiaxin , Sun Zhichao , Zhou Wanzhen
Published: April 2022

Ranging from computer network to traffic network, complex networks are ubiquitous in our lives. How to control congestion to make network operate more effectively is one of the most essential issues in complex network research. At present, a large number of studies on traffic dynamics mainly focus on single-layer networks. However, in fact, many complex systems are coupled by multiple networks. In this paper, we propose a resource allocation strategy for three-layer network with which the limited total delivery capacity can be reasonably allocated to each node of physical layer based on the degree of nodes in two logical layers. Compared with the average allocation of delivery capacity, the traffic capacity is improved and the network has better transmission performance in average traveling time and average throughput with our strategy.
Parity on based matrices
Authors: Nikonov Igor
Published: April 2022

A parity is a labeling of the crossings of knot diagrams which is compatible with Reidemeister moves. We define the notion of parity for based matrices — algebraic objects are introduced by Turaev in his research on virtual strings. We present the reduced stable parity on based matrix which gives a new example of a parity of virtual knots.
Finite involutory quandles of two-bridge links with an axis
Authors: Mellor Blake
Published: April 2022

To better understand the fundamental quandle of a knot or link, it can be useful to look at finite quotients of the quandle. One such quotient is the [Formula: see text]-quandle (or, when [Formula: see text], the involutory quandle). Hoste and Shanahan [J. Hoste and P. D. Shanahan, Links with finite n-quandles, Algebraic Geom. Topol. 17 (2017) 2807–2823.] gave a complete list of the links which have finite [Formula: see text]-quandles; it remained to give explicit descriptions of these quandles. This has been done for several cases in [A. Crans, J. Hoste, B. Mellor and P. D. Shanahan, Finite n-qundles of torus and two-bridge links, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 28 (2019) 1950028; J. Hoste and P. D. Shanahan, Involutory quandles of (2, 2, r)-Montesinos links, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 26 (2017)]; in this work, we continue this project and explicitly describe the Cayley graphs for the finite involutory quandles of two-bridge links with an axis.
Degeneracy pressure of mass dimension one fermionic fields and the dark matter halo of galaxies
Authors: Pereira S. H.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the recently proposed mass dimension one fermionic field is supposed to be responsible for the dark matter (DM) halo around galactic nuclei, through the quantum degeneracy pressure effect of the field. It will be shown that the mass-ratio relation for dwarf galaxies can be well explained for a particle DM mass of about 100–200[Formula: see text]eV. For a large galaxy, as Milky Way, the observational data for rotation curve can be well reproduced for a particle mass of about 23[Formula: see text]eV, with the addition of other substructures.
An Iterative Method for Parameter Estimation of the Three-Parameter Weibull Distribution Based on a Small Sample Size with a Fixed Shape Parameter
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Xie Liyang , Zhao Bingfeng , Kong Xiangwei , Wu Ningxiang
Published: April 2022

The three-parameter Weibull distribution is popular in reliability analysis. However, in the context of a small sample size, the issue of parameter estimation of the three-parameter Weibull distribution is difficult to address. If only a small sample size is available, a reasonable method is to empirically determine the shape parameter, and the emphasis is placed on location parameter estimation. This paper presents a theoretical model to establish the relationship between the location parameter, the minimal sample value, and the sample size. Moreover, an iterative method is proposed to estimate the Weibull location parameter and scale parameter with an empirical value for the shape parameter. Compared with the maximum likelihood method (MLE), the Weibull plot with the sample correlation coefficient and TL-moment, the proposed method can more effectively estimate the parameters of the three-parameter Weibull distribution.