bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uniform Si‐Infused UiO‐66 as a Robust Catalyst Host for Efficient CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Wang Chao , Kosari Mohammadreza , Xi Shibo , Zeng Hua Chun
Published: January 2023

Due to the weak nature of organic coordination bonds, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can hardly retain their intrinsic physicochemical properties and structural integrity when functioning in harsh heterogeneous reactions. Herein, a post‐synthetic strategy to reinforce the MOF structure by inserting siliceous linkers inside is proposed, according to which a Si‐infused UiO‐66 (s‐UiO‐66) with well‐developed porosity and exceptional thermal/structural stability is fabricated. This monodispersed Si‐infused matrix with enlarged nanopores is then utilized as the catalyst host, and is highly conductive to confining ultrafine CuO nanoparticles with uniform dispersion. Targeting CO2 hydrogenation to methanol reaction, the Cu‐loaded s‐UiO‐66 (CuO/s‐UiO‐66) delivers a remarkable and efficient methanol production rate outperforming other Cu/ZrO2‐based catalysts and the commercial catalyst. Moreover, the robust structure of CuO/s‐UiO‐66 prevents both copper phase and host material from aggregation during the catalyst preparation procedure and the reaction. In addition to material‐oriented studies, in situ characterization techniques are employed to identify the active Cu component and key intermediates formed during the CO2 hydrogenation reaction, separately. It is envisioned that this Si infusion strategy can be applied to construct stable host materials with boundary‐defined structures from the pristine MOFs for broadened applications under extreme circumstances.
Hump‐Inspired Hierarchical Fabric for Personal Thermal Protection and Thermal Comfort Management
Authors: Xu Duo , Chen Ze , Liu Yingcun , Ge Can , Gao Chong , Jiao Longan , Guo Weiqi , Zhang Qian , Fang Jian , Xu Weilin
Published: January 2023

Personal protection is critical for firefighters to ensure their safety in an extreme fire environment. However, conventional firefighter uniforms tend to focus on thermal protection and have the bottleneck of lacking personal thermal management. The heat stress caused by poor thermal management inevitably detriments human body health. Here, a hump‐inspired hierarchical fabric (HHF) composed of hierarchical insulation structure and directional water transport is demonstrated for personal thermal protection and thermal comfort management. The results show that the HHF exhibits enhanced thermal insulation ability and endows continuous one‐way liquid flow through distributed sweat‐wicking channels. Compared to conventional firefighter uniform fabrics, HHF shows simultaneously low thermal conductivity (0.0192 W m−1 K−1) in the cross‐plane direction and high breathability and moisture permeability. It is observed that the temperature and relative humidity of the simulated skin covered‐HHF uniform at extreme condition (≈80 °C) are ≈20.6 °C and ≈13.6% lower than that of conventional firefighter uniforms. It is expected that the HHF fabric with exceptional thermal performance can make a significant impact on future development of advanced protection uniform for firefighters.
High‐Voltage‐Enabled Stable Cobalt Species Deposition on MnO2 for Water Oxidation in Acid
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Feng Chao , Dong Bin , Liu Chenguang , Chai Yongming
Published: January 2023

The design and maintenance of highly active sites in an acidic environment is vital and challenging for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, it is found that the obtained CoO2 under high applied potential can be stable on MnO2 host in acidic environment, which may act as an effective means to solve the instability of cobalt‐based electrocatalyst. The significant improvement of acidic OER activity (6.9 times) and stability (46.4 times) of 90‐Co‐MnO2 (treated by molten salt with more Co deposition sites) demonstrates the advantages of this approach. In situ Raman and the Pourbaix diagram suggest that the enhanced performance derives from the stable presence of CoO2 at the voltage >1.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). However, when the potential is <1.8 V, the corresponding other cobalt species is too unstable to facilitate the OER. Density functional theorycalculations reveal that the deposited cobalt oxides can act as active sites, thus effectively reducing the reaction energy barrier of the rate‐determining step. This work provides a new perspective for enhancing the stability of cobalt‐based electrocatalyst. In the future, the dual consideration of applied potential and stable species of active element in the Pourbaix diagram may be a new direction for developing acid‐stable electrocatalysts.
GaN Ultraviolet Laser based on Bound States in the Continuum (BIC)
Authors: Chen Mu‐Hsin , Xing Di , Su Vin‐Cent , Lee Yang‐Chun , Ho Ya‐Lun , Delaunay Jean‐Jacques
Published: January 2023

Optical bound states in the continuum (BICs), realizing substantial suppression of out‐of‐plane radiative losses, have been utilized to realize strong light confinement and optical modes with high quality‐factor (Q). Lasing actions with narrow linewidths based on optical BIC modes have been demonstrated in the near‐infrared and the visible ranges, but BIC‐based lasers in the ultraviolet (UV) region have not been reported. As light sources possessing wavelengths at the UV scale are essential in various fields, the strategy to design compact UV lasers based on high‐Q modes and directional emissions is highly desirable. Here, the first BIC‐based laser in the UV region is demonstrated by designing a 1D periodic resist structure on top of a GaN film. Using the symmetric‐protected BIC mode, the fabricated laser is having a directional single‐mode lasing emission with a small full‐width at half‐maximum of 0.10 nm and beam divergence of 1.5°. The lasing action is observed with a periodic structure area corresponding to a structure side length as small as 8 µm. Moreover, the wavelength control of the UV lasing is achieved by varying the period and temperature. This work provides strategies to design UV lasers having a small footprint together with narrow‐linewidth and out‐of‐plane emissions.
Smart Window Structures Based on Highly Conductive, Transparent Metal Nanomeshes and Thermochromic Perovskite Films
Authors: Wu Shang‐Hsuan , Cossio Gabriel , Braun Benjamin , Wu Frances Camille M. , Yu Edward T.
Published: January 2023

Smart windows are energy‐efficient windows whose optical transparency can be switched between highly transparent and opaque states in response to incident solar illumination. Transparent and conductive metal nanomesh (NM) films are promising candidates for thermochromic smart windows due to their excellent thermal conductivity, high optical transparency at near infrared wavelengths, and outstanding stability. In this study, ZnO/Au/Al2O3 NM films with periodicities of 200 and 370 nm are reported. The ZnO/Au/Al2O3 NM film with a 370 nm periodicity exhibits a transmittance over 90% at 550 nm and sheet resistance lower than 20 Ω sq−1. Based on a standard figure of merit, this structure outperforms current state‐of‐the‐art NM films. Here, the integration of ZnO/Au/Al2O3 NM films into a thermochromic perovskite smart window is also demonstrated. The transparency of the smart window structure is manipulated by transient resistive heating to trigger the thermochromic transition to the opaque state, which can be then maintained solely by 1‐sun, AM 1.5 G illumination. This climate‐adaptive, low power‐activated, and fast‐switching smart window structure opens new pathways toward its practical application in the real world.
Deep Eutectic Solvents for Subcutaneous Delivery of Protein Therapeutics
Authors: Curreri Alexander M. , Kim Jayoung , Dunne Michael , Angsantikul Pavimol , Goetz Morgan , Gao Yongsheng , Mitragotri Samir
Published: January 2023

Proteins are among the most common therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and metabolic diseases, among others. Despite their common use, current protein therapies, most of which are injectables, have several limitations. Large proteins such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suffer from poor absorption after subcutaneous injections, thus forcing their administration by intravenous injections. Even small proteins such as insulin suffer from slow pharmacokinetics which poses limitations in effective management of diabetes. Here, a deep eutectic‐based delivery strategy is used to offer a generalized approach for improving protein absorption after subcutaneous injections. The lead formulation enhances absorption of mAbs after subcutaneous injections by ≈200%. The same composition also improves systemic absorption of subcutaneously injected insulin faster than Humalog, the current gold‐standard of rapid acting insulin. Mechanistic studies reveal that the beneficial effect of deep eutectics on subcutaneous absorption is mediated by their ability to reduce the interactions of proteins with the subcutaneous matrix, especially collagen. Studies also confirm that these deep eutectics are safe for subcutaneous injections. Deep eutectic‐based formulations described here open new possibilities for subcutaneous injections of therapeutic proteins.
Liquid Metal Patterning and Unique Properties for Next‐Generation Soft Electronics
Authors: Kim Minwoo , Lim Hyungjun , Ko Seung Hwan
Published: January 2023

Room‐temperature liquid metal (LM)‐based electronics is expected to bring advancements in future soft electronics owing to its conductivity, conformability, stretchability, and biocompatibility. However, various difficulties arise when patterning LM because of its rheological features such as fluidity and surface tension. Numerous attempts are made to overcome these difficulties, resulting in various LM‐patterning methods. An appropriate choice of patterning method based on comprehensive understanding is necessary to fully utilize the unique properties. Therefore, the authors aim to provide thorough knowledge about patterning methods and unique properties for LM‐based future soft electronics. First, essential considerations for LM‐patterning are investigated. Then, LM‐patterning methods—serial‐patterning, parallel‐patterning, intermetallic bond‐assisted patterning, and molding/microfluidic injection—are categorized and investigated. Finally, perspectives on LM‐based soft electronics with unique properties are provided. They include outstanding features of LM such as conformability, biocompatibility, permeability, restorability, and recyclability. Also, they include perspectives on future LM‐based soft electronics in various areas such as radio frequency electronics, soft robots, and heterogeneous catalyst. LM‐based soft devices are expected to permeate the daily lives if patterning methods and the aforementioned features are analyzed and utilized.
Artificial Diploid Escherichia coli by a CRISPR Chromosome‐Doubling Technique
Authors: Wang Pengju , Zhao Dongdong , Li Ju , Su Junchang , Zhang Chunzhi , Li Siwei , Fan Feiyu , Dai Zhubo , Liao Xiaoping , Mao Zhitao , Bi Changhao , Zhang Xueli
Published: January 2023

Synthetic biology has been represented by the creation of artificial life forms at the genomic scale. In this work, a CRISPR‐based chromosome‐doubling technique is designed to first construct an artificial diploid Escherichia coli cell. The stable single‐cell diploid E. coli is isolated by both maximal dilution plating and flow cytometry, and confirmed with quantitative PCR, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and third‐generation genome sequencing. The diploid E. coli has a greatly reduced growth rate and elongated cells at 4–5 µm. It is robust against radiation, and the survival rate after exposure to UV increased 40‐fold relative to WT. As a novel life form, the artificial diploid E. coli is an ideal substrate for research fundamental questions in life science concerning polyploidy. And this technique may be applied to other bacteria.
BCAT2 Shapes a Noninflamed Tumor Microenvironment and Induces Resistance to Anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 Immunotherapy by Negatively Regulating Proinflammatory Chemokines and Anticancer Immunity
Authors: Cai Zhiyong , Chen Jinbo , Yu Zhengzheng , Li Huihuang , Liu Zhi , Deng Dingshan , Liu Jinhui , Chen Chunliang , Zhang Chunyu , Ou Zhenyu , Chen Minfeng , Hu Jiao , Zu Xiongbing
Published: January 2023

To improve response rate of monotherapy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), it is necessary to find an emerging target in combination therapy. Through analyzing tumor microenvironment (TME)‐related indicators, it is validated that BCAT2 shapes a noninflamed TME in bladder cancer. The outcomes of multiomics indicate that BCAT2 has an inhibitory effect on cytotoxic lymphocyte recruitment by restraining activities of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine‐related pathways and T‐cell‐chemotaxis pathway. Immunoassays reveal that secretion of CD8+T‐cell‐related chemokines keeps a robust negative correlation with BCAT2, generating a decreasing tendency of CD8+T cells around BCAT2+ tumor cells from far to near. Cotreatment of BCAT2 deficiency and anti‐PD‐1 antibody has a synergistic effect in vivo, implying the potential of BCAT2 in combination therapy. Moreover, the value of BCAT2 in predicting efficacy of immunotherapy is validated in multiple immunotherapy cohorts. Together, as a key molecule in TME, BCAT2 is an emerging target in combination with ICB and a biomarker of guiding precision therapy.
A Theoretical Investigation of Transport Layer‐Free Homojunction Perovskite Solar Cells via a Detailed Photoelectric Simulation
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Yang Zhenhai , Ma Tianshu , Ai Zhenhai , Wang Changlei , Li Xiaofeng
Published: January 2023

Although the conventional n‐i‐p or p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can produce ultrahigh efficiency (>25%), complex synthesis/deposition processes together with strict requirements for preparing the hole‐ and electron‐transport layers (HTLs and ETLs) pose a challenge to accessing low‐cost perovskite devices. To address this issue, a simple strategy of employing a self‐doped perovskite homojunction to replace the HTLs and ETLs has been widely proposed. However, this type of TL‐free homojunction PSCs is usually endowed with poor efficiency. Here, the design principles and working mechanisms of the TL‐free homojunction PSCs are clarified via a rigorous photoelectric simulation. The potential of this type of device is unlocked by optimizing the structural/electrical parameters including thickness, doping concentration, bulk/interface defect concentration, contact barrier, and mobility of n‐perovskite and p‐perovskite. To further uncover the intrinsic physical behavior, ion migration, and photon recycling effects on this type of TL‐free homojunction PSCs are also studied. In addition, devices with different types of structures including TL‐free inverted, ETL‐free, and HTL‐free designs are briefly discussed. Finally, a clear roadmap for the promotion of device efficiency is proposed, providing valuable guidance for designing high‐efficient TL‐free homojunction PSCs.
Major Improvement in the Cycling Ability of Pseudocapacitive Vanadium Nitride Films for Micro‐Supercapacitor
Authors: Jrondi Aiman , Buvat Gaetan , Pena Francisco De La , Marinova Maya , Huvé Marielle , Brousse Thierry , Roussel Pascal , Lethien Christophe
Published: January 2023

Vanadium nitride film made using a thin film deposition technique is a promising electrode material for micro‐supercapacitor applications owing to its high electrical conductivity and high volumetric and surface capacitance values in aqueous electrolyte. Nevertheless, the cycling stability has to be improved to deliver good capacitance during a large number of cycles. Here, it is shown that vanadium nitride films made by a magnetron sputtering deposition method exhibit remarkable cycling stability (high capacitance retention value after 150 000 cycles), ultra‐high rate capability (75% of the initial capacitance at 1.6 V s−1), while providing high surface capacitance values (≈1.4 F cm−2) and very low ageing of the VN electrodes (no loss of performance after 13 months). Additionally, new findings regarding the location of vanadium oxides species responsible for the charge storage mechanism in pseudocapacitive VN films are revealed by transmission electron microscopy electron energy‐loss spectroscopy analyses at the nanoscale.
Decoupling Electron‐ and Phase‐Transfer Processes to Enhance Electrochemical Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Conversion by Blending Hydrophobic PTFE Nanoparticles within the Electrocatalyst Layer
Authors: Gao Jianan , Ma Qingquan , Young Joshua , Crittenden John C. , Zhang Wen
Published: January 2023

Electrochemical upcycling of nitrate into ammonia at ambient conditions offers a sustainable synthesis pathway that can complement the current industrial NH3 production from the Haber–Bosch process. One of the key rate‐limiting steps is the effective desorption of gaseous or interfacial bubble products, mainly NH3 with some minor side products of nitrogen and hydrogen, from the electrode surfaces to sustain available sites for the NO3− reduction reaction. To facilitate the gaseous product desorption from the catalytic sites, hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles are blended within a CuO catalyst layer, which is shown to eliminate the undesirable accumulation and blockage of electrode surfaces and largely decouples the electron‐ and phase‐transfer processes. The NH3 partial current density normalized by the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) increases by nearly a factor of 17.8 from 11.4 ± 0.1 to 203.3 ± 1.8 mA cm−2ECSA. The DFT and ab‐initio molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the hydrophobic PTFE nanoparticles may serve as segregated islands to enhance the spillover and transport the gaseous products from electrocatalysts to the PTFE. Thus, a higher ammonia transfer is achieved for the mixed PTFE/CuO electrocatalyst. This new and simple strategy is expected to act as inspiration for future electrochemical gas‐evolving electrode design.
Expanded distribution and predicted suitable habitat for the critically endangered yellow‐tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda) in Perú
Authors: Zarate Melissa A. , Shanee Sam , Charpentier Elvis , Sarmiento Yeissy , Schmitt Christopher A.
Published: January 2023

The Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot holds a remarkable number of species at risk of extinction due to anthropogenic habitat loss, hunting, and climate change. One of these species, the critically endangered yellow‐tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda), was recently observed in the region Junín, 206 km south of its previously known distribution. This range extension, combined with continued habitat loss, calls for a reevaluation of the species distribution, and available suitable habitat. Here, we present novel data from surveys at 53 sites in the regions of Junín, Cerro de Pasco, Ayacucho, and Cusco. We encounteredL. flavicaudaat 9 sites, all in Junín, and the congenericLagothrix lagotricha tschudiiat 20 sites, but never in sympatry. Using these new localities along with all previous geographic localities for the species, we made predictive species distribution models based on ecological niche modeling using a generalized linear model and maximum entropy. Each model incorporated bioclimatic variables, forest cover, vegetation measurements, and elevation as predictor variables. The model evaluation showed >80% accuracy for all measures. Precipitation was the strongest predictor of species presence. Habitat suitability maps illustrate potential corridors for gene flow between the southern and northern populations, although much of this area is inhabited byL. l. tschudiiwhereasL. flavicaudahas yet to be officially confirmed in these areas, by these or any other scientific surveys. An analysis of the current protected area (PA) network showed that ~75% of remaining suitable habitat is unprotected. With this, we suggest priority areas for new PAs or expansions to existing reserves that would conserve potential corridors betweenL. flavicaudapopulations. Further surveys and characterization of the distribution in intermediate areas, combined with studies on gene flow through these areas, are still needed to protect this species.
Spectral Determinant of the Two‐Photon Quantum Rabi Model
Authors: Braak Daniel
Published: January 2023

The various generalized spectral determinants (G‐functions) of the two‐photon quantum Rabi model are analyzed with emphasis on the qualitative aspects of the regular spectrum. Whereas all of them yield at least a subset of the exact regular eigenvalues, only theG‐function proposed by Chen et al. in 2012 exhibits an explicitly known pole structure which dictates the approach to the collapse point. This function is derived rigorously employing the ‐symmetry of the model and shown that its zeros correspond to the complete regular spectrum.
Enhancement of Steady Quantum Entanglement and Directional Controllability of Quantum Steering in Cavity Magnetic Hybrid Systems
Authors: Yin Xin‐Yi , Yang Zhi‐Bo , Huang Yu‐Mei , Wan Qin‐Min , Yang Rong‐Can , Liu Hong‐Yu
Published: January 2023

Quantum entanglement (QE) and quantum steering (QS) are of importance for quantum information processing and computation. Though there are several schemes proposed for their realization, how to increase their degrees encounters a great challenge. In the present manuscript, it is proposed to enhance steady QE and control Gaussian QS for two magnons using a two‐photon field acting on either magnon. The cavity‐magnetic hybrid system consists of a microwave cavity in which two identical Yttrium‐iron‐garnet spheres are placed and the cavity is driven by a Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) so as to generate steady QE and control Gaussian QS for the two Kittel modes. Besides, a two‐photon driving field acting on either magnon in order to enhance the degree of QE and the ability of QS. The best condition to maximum entanglement and steering degrees for the two magnon modes at MHz and is found via the competitive relationship between the two‐photon driving and JPA. Furthermore, it is revealed that steering direction for the two magnons can be controlled not only by the ratio between the two photon‐magnon coupling parameters but also by the two‐photon driving field, making controllable steering direction become easier.
Machine‐Learning Classification for the Prediction of Catalytic Activity of Organic Photosensitizers in the Nickel(II)‐Salt‐Induced Synthesis of Phenols
Authors: Noto Naoki , Yada Akira , Yanai Takeshi , Saito Susumu
Published: January 2023

Catalytic systems using a small amount of organic photosensitizer for the activation of an inorganic (on‐demand ligand‐free) nickel(II) salt represent a cost‐effective method for cross‐coupling reactions, while C(sp2)−O bond formation remains less developed. Herein, we report a strategy for the synthesis of phenols with a nickel(II) salt and an organic photosensitizer, which was identified via an investigation into the catalytic activity of 60 organic photosensitizers consisting of various electron donor and acceptor moieties. To examine the effect of multiple intractable parameters on the catalytic activity of photosensitizers, machine‐learning (ML) models were developed, wherein we embedded descriptors representing their physical and structural properties, which were obtained from DFT calculations and RDKit, respectively. The study clarified that integrating both DFT‐ and RDKit‐derived descriptors in ML models balances higher “precision” and “recall” across a wide range of search space relative to using only one of the two descriptor sets.
Imprinting Chirality on a Conventional Superconductor
Authors: Sukenik Nir , Ozeri Meital , Gutfreund Alon , Fridman Nofar , Noah Avia , Yochelis Shira , Remennik Sergei , Anahory Yonathan , Millo Oded , Paltiel Yossi
Published: January 2023

Chiral imprinting is demonstrated in metals, semiconductors, and oxides. In these cases, the mixing of chiral molecules with the studied material changes the structure of the hybrid system, resulting in new physical properties. In this work, chirality is imprinted on lead (Pb) that is a conventional singlet s‐wave superconductor. The hybrid material exhibits an increase in the critical field (HC) and a wider temperature phase transition under in‐plane magnetic fields. These results demonstrate a method for locally altering the magnetic‐response properties of conventional superconductors.
Recent Advances for Electrode Modifications in Flow Batteries: Properties, Mechanisms, and Outlooks
Authors: Wu Min , Fang Maolin , Nan Mingjun , Chen Xiangnan , Ma Xiangkun
Published: January 2023

Flow batteries (FBs) have been demonstrated in several large‐scale energy storage projects, and are considered to be the preferred technique for large‐scale long‐term energy storage in terms of their high safety, environmental friendliness, and long life, including all‐vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) and Fe‐Cr flow batteries (ICFBs). As the electrochemical reaction site, the electrode parameters, such as the specific surface area, active site, and so on, have a significant impact on the flow battery performance and reliability. Extensive research has been carried out on electrode modification to improve the current density and energy efficiency of the FBs. In this review, the reaction mechanisms of VFBs and ICFBs are discussed in detail firstly, and then the electrodes modification methods are overviewed and summarized from four aspects: self‐modification, carbon‐based electrocatalysts, metal‐based electrocatalysts and composite electrocatalysts. Finally, the recent catalytic mechanism,in situcharacterization technology, and future research directions are presented.
Fractional order internal model control of non‐minimum phase and time‐delayed plants
Authors: Mondal Reetam , Dey Jayati
Published: January 2023

Several applications on fractional order (FO) control have gained considerable significance in the recent years, which led to the evolution of novel tuning strategies of the generalized order FO controllers. Some of the methods in available literatures are based on constrained minimization optimization techniques or analytical method defined only for specific plants. They are valid only for some special model cases. On the contrary, in this technical note, a generalized non‐integer order internal model control (IMC) framework is realized for any order non‐minimum phase (NMP) plants with right half plane (RHP) zero as well as time delayed plants having any finite relative order. Its parameters are graphically interpreted satisfying the frequency domain design stipulations for single input and single output (SISO) higher order linear time invariant (LTI) plants. The performance of the same on a bioreactor fermentation process for its temperature control is found to have outperformed in contrast to its integer order (IO)‐IMC. It is therefore inferred here that this new approach pledges to impart unique solution of the controller parameters, formulating a highly efficient tool outperforming the existing paradigms. Simulation and real time experimentation are presented to validate the method put forward providing satisfactory performance in reference tracking, disturbance rejection, and robustness to various plant parameter perturbations.
Treatment patterns and survival of low and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer in end‐stage kidney disease: A retrospective population cohort study
Authors: Sarabu Nagaraju , Dong Weichuan , Ray Al W. , Fernstrum Austin , Prunty Megan , Ponsky Lee E. , Shoag Jonathan E. , Shahinian Vahakn B. , Lentine Krista L. , Koroukian Siran M.
Published: January 2023

Background

In accordance with guidelines, observation with or without active surveillance for low‐risk prostate cancer increased in recent years in the general population. We compared treatment patterns and mortality for low‐ and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer and mortality rates among end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) and non‐ESKD patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective population‐based observational cohort study of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare data of men aged 66 years and older with localized prostate cancer (2004–2015). ESKD status was determined using Medicare billing codes. Multivariable logistic regression models and Cox‐proportional hazards models were used to study definitive treatment patterns and mortality, respectively.

Results

For low‐risk prostate cancer, dialysis patients (N = 83) had lower but not statistically significant odds (OR, 0.74; 95% CI: 0.48–1.16) of receiving definitive treatment than non‐ESKD patients (N = 24,935). For those with intermediate‐risk prostate cancer, dialysis patients (N = 254) had lower odds to receive definitive treatment (OR, 0.54; 95% CI: 0.42–0.72) than non‐ESKD patients (N = 60,883). From 2004–2010 to 2011–2015, for patients with low‐risk prostate cancer, while the receipt of definitive treatment for non‐ESKD patients trended down from 72% to 48%, it trended up for dialysis patients from 55% to 65%. Kidney transplant patients (N = 33 for low‐risk and N = 91 for intermediate‐risk) had lower rates of definitive treatment for low‐risk and similar rates of treatment for intermediate‐risk prostate cancer compared to non‐ESKD patients.

Conclusions

The disparity in definitive treatment rates for low‐risk prostate cancer among dialysis patients exists despite their high mortality, compared to the general population.
SLC12A5 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth and ferroptosis resistance by inducing ER stress and cystine transport changes
Authors: Tong Qing , Qin Wei , Li Zheng‐Hao , Liu Chun , Wang Zi‐Cheng , Chu Yuan , Xu Xun‐Di
Published: January 2023

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis and new effective treatments are needed. SLC12A5 plays important roles in multiple complex pathological states and is overexpressed in a variety of malignancies. However, the effects of SLC12A5 in HCC have not been determined.

Methods

SLC12A5 expression was assessed by immunostaining and western blotting. A cell viability assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the intracellular calcium concentration and cell cycle. Ferroptosis was detected by transmission electron microscopy, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione assays. Subcutaneous tumor formation experiments were used to validate the tumorigenic effect of SLC12A5 in vivo. RNA‐seq was used to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of SLC12A5. The therapeutic efficacy of targeting SLC12A5 was assessed in a patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model.

Results

High SLC12A5 expression was strongly associated with a poor clinical prognosis and promoted HCC growth. Mechanistically, SLC12A5 promoted ER stress to enhance calcium release and upregulated PNCK expression levels. Concomitantly, PNCK was significantly activated by calcium ions released from the ER. PNCK activated and induced the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components. Furthermore, SLC12A5 inhibited ferroptosis in HCC by upregulating the expression of xCT, a cystine transporter.

Conclusion

High SLC12A5 levels were correlated with a poor prognosis, promoted tumorigenesis, and inhibited ferroptosis in HCC. These findings suggested that SLC12A5 is a therapeutic target and provide insight into the link between ER stress and ferroptosis in HCC.
Computational Design of Plant‐Based Antistress Agents Targeting Nociceptin Receptor
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Mujwar Somdutt , Sharma Diksha , Das Rina , Kumar Mehta Dinesh , Shah Kamal
Published: January 2023

Stress is the body's reaction to the challenges it faces, and it produces a multitude of chemical molecules known as stressors as a result of these reactions. It's also a misalignment of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems causing changes in a variety of physiological reactions and perhaps leading to stress disorders. The reduction in neurotransmitter & neurohormonal hormones is mainly governed by the nociceptin receptor as G‐protein coupled receptor and increased the level of reactive oxygen species. Various synthetic medicines that target nociceptin receptors were utilized to reduce the effects of stress but they come up with a variety of side effects. Because of the widespread utilization and renewed interest in medicinal herbal plants considered to be alternative antistress therapy. Our present work is an approach to decipher the molecular nature of novel herbal leads by targeting nociceptin receptor, under which herbal compounds were screened and validated through in‐silico methods. Among screened leads, withanolide‐B showed stable association in the active site of the nociceptin receptor as an antistress agent with no side effects. Furthermore, the selected lead was also evaluated for stability by molecular dynamic stimulation as well as for pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile. It has been concluded stable conformation of withanolide‐B without presence of any major toxic effects. As a result, the in silico molecular docking technique is a highly successful method for selecting a prospective herbal lead molecule with respect to a specific target, and future research can pave the way for further exploration in the drug development field.
A case of extensive alopecia areata following Pfizer‐BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine with favorable outcome
Authors: Matsuda Yoshihiro , Kawakami Yoshio , Kawamoto Masaya , Hirai Yoji , Morizane Shin
Published: January 2023

A 37‐year‐old woman developed persistent low‐grade fever (37.2°C) on day +13 after the first dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. She noticed coin‐sized hair loss on day +22, and it became widespread within 1 week. The patient's hair mostly recovered leaving only one oval bald patch on day +310 with topical corticosteroid therapy alone.
Baseline quality of life and chemotherapy toxicities in patients with early breast cancer
Authors: Licaj Idlir , Coquan Elodie , Dabakuyo‐Yonli Tienhan Sandrine , Dauchy Sarah , Vaz Luis Ines , Charles Cecile , Lemogne Cedric , Tredan Olivier , Vanlemmens Laurence , Jouannaud Christelle , Levy Christelle , Rigal Olivier , Fournier Marion , Petit Thierry , Dalenc Florence , Rouanet Philippe , Lemonnier Jerome , Everhard Sibille , Cottu Paul , Joly Florence
Published: January 2023

Background

The authors used the French breast cancer Cancer and Toxicities (CANTO) cohort to study the associations between baseline quality of life and chemotherapy dose‐reductions (CDRs) or postchemotherapy‐toxicities (PCTs).

Methods

In total, 3079 patients with breast cancer who received chemotherapy were included in this analysis. The associations between baseline physical functioning (PF) and fatigue measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality‐of‐Life Questionnaire Core 30, and two endpoints—CDRs during adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy; and selected PCTs were estimated with odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression models.

Results

Among the 3079 patients from the CANTO cohort who were included, 718 (33.0%) received chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting, and 2361 (67.0%) received chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment. The chemotherapy included taxanes in 94.2% of patients and anthracyclines in 90.5% of patients. Overall, 15.5% of patients experienced CDRs and, 31.0% developed PCTs. Women with low baseline PF scores (<83) had higher multivariate odds of developing CDRs compared with those who had PF scores ≥83 (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.13–2.09). The corresponding OR for PCTs was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.13–2.00). Women with high baseline fatigue scores had higher odds of CDRs (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.13–1.76) and PCTs (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10–1.59).

Conclusions

By using the national CANTO cohort, baseline PF and fatigue were independently associated with CDRs and PCTs.
Discovery of 4‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐6‐phenylisoxazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐3‐amine derivatives as novel FLT3 covalent inhibitors for the intervention of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wang Qing‐Xin , Wang Yi‐Bo , Sha Jiu‐Kai , Zhou Hai , Liu Jia‐Chuan , Wu Jia‐Zhen , Tong Zhen‐Jiang , Cai Jiao , Chen Zi‐Jun , Zhang Chen‐Qian , Zheng Xin‐Rui , Wang Jing‐Jing , Wang Xiao‐Long , Xue Xin , Yu Yan‐Cheng , Ding Ning , Leng Xue‐Jiao , Dai Wei‐Chen , Sun Shan‐Liang , Chang Liang , Li Nian‐Guang , Shi Zhi‐Hao
Published: January 2023

Small molecule covalent drugs have proved to be desirable therapies especially on drug resistance related to point mutations. Secondary mutations of FLT3 have become the main mechanism of FLT3 inhibitors resistance which further causes the failure of treatment. Herein, a series of 4‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐6‐phenylisoxazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐3‐amine covalent derivatives were synthesized and optimized to overcome the common secondary resistance mutations of FLT3. Among these derivatives, compound F15 displayed potent inhibition activities against FLT3 (IC50 = 123 nM) and FLT3‐internal tandem duplication (ITD) by 80% and 26.06%, respectively, at the concentration of 1 μM. Besides, F15 exhibited potent activity against FLT3‐dependent human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines MOLM‐13 (IC50 = 253 nM) and MV4‐11 (IC50 = 91 nM), as well as BaF3 cells with variety of secondary mutations. Furthermore, cellular mechanism assays indicated that F15 inhibited phosphorylation of FLT3 and its downstream signaling factors. Notably, F15 could be considered for further development as potential drug candidate to treat AML.
Western blot normalization: Time to choose a proper loading control seriously
Authors: Wang Qinhong , Han Wenqiang , Ma Chuanzhen , Wang Tianyu , Zhong Jingquan
Published: January 2023

Recent research has questioned the validity of housekeeping proteins in Western blot. Our present study proposed new ideas for Western blot normalization that improved the reproducibility of scientific research. We used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the web tool GEO2R to exclude unstable housekeeping genes quickly. In ischemic heart tissues, actin and tubulin changed significantly, whereas no statistically significant changes were observed in the expression of genes relative to glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Besides, the reliability of GAPDH was further examined by Western blot. Additionally, unstable housekeeping genes were found in other animal models of cardiovascular medicine. We also found that sodium dodecyl sulfate and temperature significantly impacted the results of Ponceau S staining. Membranes stained with Ponceau S after immunodetection could avoid this interference, and the coefficients of variation for post‐immunodetection staining are lower than those produced by GAPDH immunodetection. Overall, we described a new use of differential gene expression analysis and proposed a modified Ponceau S staining method, which provided researchers with a proper loading control for Western blot and hence could improve reproducibility in research.
Quantitative interpretation of ToxTracker dose–response data for potency comparisons and mode‐of‐action determination
Authors: Boisvert Lorrie , Derr Remco , Osterlund Torben , Hendriks Giel , Brandsma Inger
Published: January 2023

ToxTracker is an in vitro mammalian stem cell‐based reporter assay that detects activation of specific cellular signaling pathways (DNA damage, oxidative stress, and/or protein damage) upon chemical exposure using flow cytometry. Here we used quantitative methods to empirically analyze historical control data, and dose–response data across a wide range of reference chemicals. First, we analyzed historical control data to define a fold‐change threshold for identification of a significant positive response. Next, we used the benchmark dose (BMD) combined‐covariate approach for potency ranking of a set of more than 120 compounds; the BMD values were used for comparative identification of the most potent inducers of each reporter. Lastly, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to investigate functional and statistical relationships between the ToxTracker reporters. The PCA results, based on the BMD results for all substances, indicated that the DNA damage (Rtkn, Bscl2) and p53 (Btg2) reporters are functionally complementary and indicative of genotoxic stress. The oxidative stress (Srxn1 and Blvrb) and protein stress (Ddit3) reporters are independent indicators of cellular stress, and essential for toxicological profiling using the ToxTracker assay. Overall, dose–response modeling of multivariate ToxTracker data can be used for potency ranking and mode‐of‐action determination. In the future, IVIVE (in vitro to in vivo extrapolation) methods can be employed to determine in vivo AED (administered equivalent dose) values that can in turn be used for human health risk assessment.
Mid‐height seismic isolation of equipment in nuclear power plants
Authors: Lal Kaivalya M. , Whittaker Andrew S. , Constantinou Michael C.
Published: January 2023

An innovative seismic isolation solution for designers of safety‐class equipment in advanced nuclear power plants is introduced. The test specimen was a tall, slender, carbon steel vessel that could represent a reactor vessel, steam generator, or a heat exchanger in a nuclear power plant: 240 inches tall, outer diameter of 60 inches, and wall thickness of 1 inch. The vessel was supported by three radial mounts at its mid‐height, near its center of gravity, on a steel frame. The vessel was subjected to three‐component ground motions using a 6DOF earthquake simulator. The specimen was filled with water for testing to indirectly account for the fluid and internal equipment present inside a prototype vessel. Three configurations were tested: non‐isolated, isolated using single Friction Pendulum (SFP) bearings, and isolated using triple Friction Pendulum (TFP) bearings. The test results demonstrate that mid‐height seismic isolation is practical and enables a significant reduction in horizontal spectral accelerations. These outcomes are not specific to the spherical sliding bearings used in the experiments but are broadly applicable to mid‐height, seismically isolated equipment.
Quantitative analysis of species distribution of the Mississippian Zaphrentites delanouei group from the Vale of Glamorgan, UK
Authors: Rutter William Andrew John , Miliorizos Marios Nikolaos
Published: January 2023

The evolutionary process of anagenesis is thought to control distributions of members of the Zaphrentites delanouei species group, the Tournaisian‐Viséan solitary rugose corals, within the Carboniferous Limestone. We present alternative interpretations specific to the Friars Point Limestone Formation, which point to composite evolutionary processes closer to anacladogenesis. We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo process to organize fossils into matrices representing states of concurrence, where concurrence is the number of species coexisting in each bed. We analyse their distributions according to transitions between states. Data testing by matrix multiplication shows whether stochastic equilibrium or convergence is reached, to determine probabilities of species coexistence. Taking the probabilities from the Markov Chain Monte Carlo process to represent the first generation of a branching process, we proceed to calculate the second to fourth generations. Finally, we model these values in a Galton–Watson process to determine the likelihood of ultimate extinction, and whether the species belong to the same population without immigration or emigration. Results show that the species distribution is both anagenetic (0.725) and cladogenetic (0.275). Therefore, we define the evolutionary process as anacladogenetic with the potential for up to eight species in addition to the six defined in the literature. This represents some evidence for a population unaffected by immigration or emigration, with a high likelihood of ultimate extinction for most localities. We deduce that second or third‐generation concurrences are a requisite for survival, even with anacladogenesis. As an environmental corollary, the amplification of extinction rates was exacerbated within a regressive marine system, and our techniques will allow further exploration of evolutionary mechanisms and energy within coral ecosystems.
Work–family conflict, wellbeing and strain: Sex differences and children at home
Authors: Blanch Angel , Solé Sílvia
Published: January 2023

The work and family interface elicits work–family conflict (WFC) leading to positive and negative outcomes. Sex is a central element in WFC, with a wealth of studies reporting either sex differences or similarities. The presence of children at home, however, is a rather understudied moderator. This study aimed to contrast whether two main components of WFC, work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW) associated differentially with wellbeing and strain depending on sex or children. There were data from 762 Spanish individuals (455 females) in dual‐earner families. A structural equation model with four latent variables (WIF, FIW, wellbeing and strain) was contrasted across two moderators, sex and children. Males and females endured a similar association between WIF and FIW with wellbeing and strain compared with workers with children. Childless workers experienced lower associations between FIW with wellbeing and strain compared with workers with children. Children at home rather than sex alone elicit stronger links of WFC with wellbeing and strain. Examining the presence of children at home, including children ages, should be conducted regularly in WFC research.
DUSP12 ameliorates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury through HSPB8‐induced mitophagy
Authors: Cheng Jing , Ji Meihua , Jing Haijuan , Lin Hongqi
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to explore the role of dual specificity phosphatase 12 (DUSP12) in regulating myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanism. The expression of DUSP12 in myocardial tissues and heat‐shock protein beta‐8 (HSPB8) and mitophagy‐related proteins in myocardial tissues and H9c2 cells were detected by western blot analysis. The serum creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK‐MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase activity in myocardial tissues and H9c2 cells, and caspase‐3 activity in H9c2 cells were analyzed by corresponding assay kits. The infarct area in the rat's heart was observed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The apoptosis of myocardial cells in myocardial tissues and H9c2 cells was detected by terminal‐deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP‐biotin nick‐end labeling assay. The interaction between DUSP12 and HSPB8 was clarified by the coimmunoprecipitation assay. The transfection efficacy of si‐HSPB8#1 and si‐HSPB8#2 in H9c2 cells was confirmed by real‐time quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. As a result, DUSP12 expression was downregulated in I/R rats, which was promoted by lentivirus‐expressing DUSP12. DUSP12 overexpression reduced the serum creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK‐MB) and LDH, decreased the infarct area in the rat's heart, and suppressed the apoptosis and oxidative stress in myocardial tissues. DUSP12 overexpression also upregulated the expression of HSPB8 to promote mitophagy. The coimmunoprecipitation assay indicated that DUSP12 could be combined with HSPB8. In addition, DUSP12 overexpression could inhibit hypoxia/reoxygenation‐elicited apoptosis as well as oxidative stress in H9c2 cells by upregulating HSPB8 expression to promote mitophagy, which was countervailed by HSPB8 deficiency. In conclusion, DUSP12 overexpression decreased the apoptosis and oxidative stress in myocardial I/R injury through HSPB8‐induced mitophagy.