bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mountain Ice Fog and Visibility during CFACT
Authors: gultepe ismail , Pu zhaoxia , Pardyjak Eric , Hoch sebastian , Perelet Alexei , Agelin-Chaab Martin
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study is to characterize visibility and microphysics of cold-fog conditions during The Cold Fog Amongst Complex Terrain (CFACT) project, which was designed to investigate the life cycle of cold fog in the Heber Valley, Utah. The field campaign was conducted from 7 January to 23 February 2022 and was supported with observations and resources from the NSF Lower Atmospheric Observing Facilities (LAOF), managed by NCAR’s Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL), as well as the University of Utah and Ontario Technical University. Heber Valley is surrounded by canyons, mountains and irregular topography where the Provo River streams along the valley floor from Jordanelle Reservoir at the north to Deer Creek (DC) Reservoir at the southeastern end at 1652 m above sea level (ASL). The highest peaks surrounding the valley are at about 3500 m (ASL) to the west and southwest of the project area.The DC supersite had extensive ice and droplet microphysical as well as precipitation measurements obtained using a ground-based Gondola (composed of a Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT) Cloud Droplet Probe - CDP and Back-scatter Cloud Probe - BCP), a DMT Fog Monitor (FM120), a Mesaphotonics Cloud Droplet Measurement System (CDMS), a DMT Ground-based Cloud Imaging Probe (GCIP), a Vaisala Present Weather Detector (PWD52), and an OTT Parsivel. During the project, aerosol measurements were performed using a GRIMM Aerosol Spectrometer, a T.S.I. Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), and a DMT Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) counter, as well as filter samplers. These instruments covered a size range from 8 nm up to cm size range representing aerosols, fog particles, and precipitation. Measurements from a Halo Photonics doppler wind lidar, a Vaisala CL61 ceilometer, a tethered balloon system (TBS), and a 32-m turbulence tower were used to characterize vertical profiles of fog microphysics and aerosols, as well as the dynamic and thermodynamic structure. Eleven significant weather events occurred during the 47 days of the CFACT campaign that included snowfall, freezing fog, ice fog (IF), and light ice crystal precipitation when Vis
Exceptions to the ordinary rules for awarding public contracts: the volcanic risk paradigm
Authors: Calabrò Marco , di Martino Allessandro
Published: March 2024

The topic of exceptions to the ordinary rules of public contracts in the management of risks and emergencies resulting from volcanological phenomena allows for numerous considerations on the aspects of public contracts and administrative law. The topic must obviously be analysed through an interdisciplinary approach focusing on the relationship between technology and law. For example, to verify the legitimacy of the application of derogatory regulations, it is necessary to consider the three-phase structure of volcanic risk: risk assessment, hazard assessment and mitigation of the event. The centrality of the technical issues requires, first of all, an examination of the legal profiles: the first aspect concerns the delimitation of both the concept of "paramount urgency" - a prerequisite for derogating from the ordinary rules - and of which events (whether they have already occurred or have not yet occurred) are susceptible to fall within the scope of the provision. In this context, this research focuses on the practices of individual local authorities from which a significant interpretative and methodological distance emerges.A further profile of interest concerns organisational issues: this work aims to examine the benefits of a centralisation of competences in the hands of the regions, from two points of view. The first concerns the attempt to reduce potential corruption phenomena that could occur in territories where unpredictable maintenance events frequently occur. The second is based on the consideration that leaving the choice to individual local administrations could lead to different assessments of 'extreme urgency' conditions between neighbouring authorities Centralisation would therefore go in the direction of uniformity of decisions.There are, in conclusion, two other aspects that deserve further study. The first concerns the need for ex-post controls, linked to the centrality of the assessment of the conditions of extreme urgency, which risks being ineffective given the extremely tight timeframe. The second seeks to understand whether the derogation to the procurement regime also drags on the regime of landscape authorisations or environmental impact assessments: if this were not the case, and if therefore ex ante intervention were still necessary, the process of simplifying the activities of economic operators would inevitably be thwarted. In addition to the theoretical reflections carried out on the derogation to the ordinary regime of contracting in cases of volcanic risk, this work will also analyse the so-called Campi Flegrei Decree, which allows recourse to the derogatory techniques mainly for two reasons: to provide for the acquisition of instrumental resources necessary to ensure the effective management of civil protection activities; and to provide for the setting up of temporary areas and services for the reception of the population.
Monitoring of infrastructure at risk of scour and other hydraulic actions
Authors: Koursari Eftychia , MacPherson John , McDonald Hazel , Creed Maggie , Wallace Stuart , Zare-Behtash Hossein , Cammarano Andrea , Worrall Kevin
Published: March 2024

Scour is a significant impact caused by climate change on infrastructure, while also being the most common cause of bridge failure worldwide. Approximately 60% of bridge collapses are a result of scour (Briaud and Hunt, 2006; Wardhana & Hadipriono, 2003).Climate change has resulted in the increase of extreme weather events, such as wildfires and floods among others. Global warming is evident, sea levels are rising, and the frequency and magnitude of flood events is increasing. As the climate is changing, the risk of scour is expected to increase further.Monitoring is crucial for the identification of scour taking place around a structure, its magnitude, as well as the rate of deterioration to allow owners and operators to establish when predetermined thresholds are at risk of being reached. Scour monitoring is crucial to safeguard infrastructure that could be exposed to scour action.According to the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges BD 97/12 Standard entitled ‘The assessment of scour and other hydraulic actions at highway structures’, scour monitoring techniques can be divided in the following categories (Highways Agency, 2012):Measuring the maximum scour level that has taken place;
Measuring scour development adjacent to a structure during high flow events;
Methods correlating with scour development, such as water level monitoring, flow velocity monitoring and weather warnings.
Scour monitoring techniques are mainly reactive. This study compares existing and emerging scour monitoring methods, exploring a combination of scour monitoring sensors at structures at risk of scour.  The introduction of a new, innovative sensing platform for scour monitoring is discussed, linking the new sensor package to the asset health management platform using telematics, enhancing the understanding of scour taking place through accurate visualisation. This method facilitates more proactive monitoring of scour, the collection of data necessary for the design and implementation of scour protection measures, and innovative, more accurate scour prediction.References:Briaud JL and Hunt BE (2006) Bridge scour and the structural engineer. Structure Magazine, December: pp. 57–61.Highways Agency, Transport Scotland, Welsh Government and Department for Regional Development Northern Ireland, UK (2012) Design Manual for Roads and Bridges. Highway Structures: Inspection and Maintenance. Volume 3, Section 4, Part 21. BD 97/12. The Assessment of Scour and Other Hydraulic Actions at Highway Structures. The Stationery Office, London, UK.Wardhana K and Hadipriono FC (2003) Analysis of recent bridge failures in the United States. J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 17 (3): 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2003)17:3(144)
neXtSIM-DG – A next-generation discontinuous Galerkin sea ice model
Authors: Ólason Einar , Spain Timothy , Richter Thomas ,   The neXtSIM team
Published: March 2024

We present neXtSIM-DG, the novel sea ice model created as part of the Scale Aware Sea Ice Project (SASIP). NeXtSIM-DG is a continuum sea ice model that combines several new model paradigms at once: besides established rheologies, we use the newly developed Brittle Bingham–Maxwell rheology. The discretization is based on higher-order continuous and discontinuous finite elements. We take advantage of the object orientation of the C++ implementation of the model to create a flexible, maintainable, and easily modifiable code base ready for adaptation and adaptation by the user. Finally, the C++ implementation uses modern data structures that allow for efficient shared-memory parallelization and are ready for GPU acceleration. These aspects reflect better the different scales of sea ice dynamics in space and time. In this poster, we review the basic modelling features and present some details of numerical realization. In particular, we study the effect of high-order discretization and the role of different rheologies. 
A circular workflow based on Earth Observation tools for the detection and characterization of illegal waste dumping sites in a waste to energy framework and policy assessment
Authors: Mei Alessandro , Ragazzo Alfonso Valerio , Mattei Sara , Zampetti Emiliano , Tratzi Patrizio , Cuzzucoli Alice , Fontinovo Giuliano , Pennazza Giorgio , Torre Marco , Terenzi Valentina , Grosso Mario
Published: March 2024

The main illegal Solid Waste Management (SWM) issues concern their detection and their consequent disposal/reuse/recycle, both at the municipal, provincial, and regional scales. Nowadays, an important aspect is that even developed countries show difficulties with the management of illegal wastes and decision-making processes in the field are not enough developed by policymakers. This contribution aims to reduce the environmental pressure caused by the illegal disposal of solid waste through the development of a circular model which includes different approaches. A multiparametric downscaling analysis integrating satellite (Worldview-2), Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle (UAV) and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) was applied first. From satellite images waste sites were first extracted by supervised techniques, while UAV and ground data were used for their characterization by means of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. Furthermore, a volume’s frequencies map is obtained by using geospatial information, estimating the volume of garbage for each sampling site. Air quality sensors mounted on UGV were used to monitor each sample site to reveal environmental criticalities. Considering such kind of outputs, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was setup to evaluate some waste to energy solutions. A cost analysis was finally performed by including information regarding the transport of waste to the nearest municipal collectors and, subsequently, to the assigned regional recovery plants. For this reason, a spatial model concerning the shortest paths, considering route network and local environmental variables, was made by using R scripts, QGIS geoinformation system, and Dijkstra’s algorithm. Finally, thematic maps and statistics were obtained with the aim of developing methodologies to solve social-political problematics as SWM issues. The project is focused on three municipalities in Calabria (Italy, Province of Catanzaro), within the INTESA project - INtegrazione di sistemi di TElerilevamento e Sensoristica per l’individuazione di accumulo di materiali in Abbandono " - promoted by the National Research Council - Institute for Atmospheric Pollution (CNR-IIA) and funded by POR Calabria FESR FSE 2014/2020 of the Calabria Region (LIVING LABS). Thus, all these information will be fundamental for the development of a regional Decision Support System (DSS) about SWM issues.
ForestMap: The next generation of forest maps - adapting a Nordic success story
Authors: Fransson Johan E. S. , Soomro Shafiullah , Holmström Anton , Nilsson Mats , Salo Jari , Santoro Maurizio , Sertel Elif , Wallerman Jörgen , Ünsalan Cem , Zariņš Juris
Published: March 2024

Building on the positive experiences with open forest map data in Scandinavia, it is evident that extending a similar solution globally has the potential to revolutionize forest management and business on a worldwide scale. While forest management in the Nordic countries can certainly be enhanced, the most rapid solution for climate change mitigation involves providing other nations with opportunities akin to those that have benefited the forestry sector in Sweden during the initial stages of digitalization.In the proposed project, we aim to create a novel hierarchical decision-making system for efficient forest mapping, leveraging a diverse range of remote sensing data sources with varying resolutions. This hierarchical system will be developed using state-of-the-art AI methods, complemented by results from traditional computer vision techniques such as texture analysis, saliency, and probabilistic object representation. A significant strength of the project lies in using the forest data and maps of Sweden and Finland as test beds to benchmark the methodology developed.We are confident that this project will make substantial contributions to climate change mitigation, biodiversity enhancement, and other societal values. Moreover, it aims to foster the creation of new business models by developing an innovative methodology for the next generation of forest maps. Our vision is to adapt the success story of open forest map data from the Nordic region globally, harnessing the power of advanced AI technology and integrated use of remote sensing and field data.
Environmental surveillance and volcanic risk. Bradyseismic crisis and vulnerability of built-up areas: new intervention strategies on public and private heritage.
Authors: d'Orsogna Marina , Valentini Federico
Published: March 2024

The catastrophic events linked to natural phenomena that periodically strike Italy generate an increasingly irremediable rift between the State and the population, which is also tangible in the litigation that has become an increasingly frequent consequence of disasters in recent times. The media clamour that judicial events take on increasingly generates an image of a State that is impeccable in the solidarity phase but remains highly negligent in risk prevention policies. Compared to this vision, the recent commitment of the legislator to prevent the damaging effects of bradyseism in the Phlegraean Fields area goes against the trend.However, many of the prevention activities identified, which can be implemented thanks to the appropriations provided, risk being compromised on a practical level due to the considerable rate of abuse in the area concerned, which makes the territory more fragile and the population less safe.     It is strategically necessary to increase the level of public safety in an area that, on this point, presents undeniable criticalities: among the measures that can be implemented, it is desirable, for example, to perform an immediate analysis of the seismic vulnerability of the public and private building stock so as to allow preventive safety measures. In addition, an update of the General Evacuation Plan is needed, which currently, according to studies, would not allow the area, with its very high population density, to be cleared in a few hours.
Data privacy in volcanic hazard scenarios
Authors: Fratto Rosi Grippaudo Emanuele , Rufo Luigi
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to analyse the use of artificial intelligence tools to implement an active contact tracing system for individuals living in at-risk territories. Thus, not only a 'state of alert' communication system, but a 'contact tracing' system similar to that used in some States during the SARS pandemic COVID-19. From a legal point of view, it is necessary to balance the right to privacy with the right to health/right to life. In this perspective, the necessary prerequisites will be analysed: state regulation, rigorously proportionate and, furthermore, the security of the data. This must be placed on a server that is strictly publicly owned and managed, to prevent tracing being used as a bargaining chip, and ensure that the personal data collected by the platform or application are only those necessary to warn users of the danger and are not used for any other purpose, without prejudice to the possibility of using them in aggregate or in any case anonymous form, for statistical or scientific research purposes only.
Building Socioeconomic Resilience in a Climate-Pressured Water-Energy-Food System in Underdeveloped Rural Agricultural Farms in Lebanon
Authors: Bou Said Rania , Mohtar Rabi H. , Moussa Roger
Published: March 2024

One of the main challenges preventing the sustainable development of the agriculture sector is the lack of a system-thinking approach, which includes economic systems, resource management practices [water and energy], production, and climate change. In Lebanon, the main variables affecting on-farm practices are socio-economic factors and climate change, leading to decreased purchasing power, limiting their access to energy and, thus water for agricultural production. While non-governmental organizations introduced solar power to cut energy costs and enhance water accessibility, they did not account for aquifer depletion resulting from excessive pumping. Additionally, adverse climatic conditions are reducing groundwater recharge, and escalating water demands. Thus, it is crucial to view the agricultural sector as an interconnected system and develop strategic plans for agricultural development where climate, water, energy, and production are collaboratively managed. This paper intertwines the Environmental Nexus and the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) to study the interlinkages, synergies, and trade-offs between water, energy, food, climate, and livelihood security. To assess on-farm practices and identify farmers' needs, the study employed a bottom-up approach, utilizing surveys, satellite imagery analysis, and interviews. Subsequently, farmers proposed sustainable solutions, which were tested using hydro-climatic models. Analysis of satellite imagery shows a connection between land-use patterns, drought events, and economic shocks. While drought led to economic losses and a subsequent decrease in land cultivation in the following year, the 2021 national economic meltdown in Lebanon had a contrasting effect, leading to an expansion in land cultivation. People sought to secure their food basket or establish a secondary source of income, intensifying competition for natural resources such as water, and increasing market competitiveness. Consequently, there was a substantial decline in farmers’ net revenue by 500-999 USD per dunum, as revealed by survey findings. Many farmers, though receiving aid, remain vulnerable to climate issues, water scarcity, and economic shocks. The modeling exercise, which is based on solutions proposed by farmers and is tested under the SSP3 Climate Change Scenario, indicates transitioning to crops with low water requirements, and high nutritional and economic value—such as 'Triticum turgidum var. durum'—is the most effective approach to reduce vulnerability to climate change and its shocks. While water harvesting and hydropower are considered less effective solutions. Finally, this paper proposes an integration of the Participatory Approach with the Climate-Water-Energy-Food System thinking approach for Socio-economic development.
Temporal variations of sinking particulate organic radiocarbon in the deep Sargasso Sea
Authors: Schnepper Charlotte , Pedrosa-Pamies Rut , Conte Maureen , Gruber Nicolas , Haghipour Negar , Eglinton Timothy Ian
Published: March 2024

The imprint of bomb radiocarbon on sinking particulate organic carbon (PO¹⁴C) intercepted by sediment traps, together with flux and elemental data, provides information about the origin and dynamics of oceanic particles (Hwang et al., 2010). Of particular interest is the question of the degree to which sinking POC in the deep ocean stems from overlying primary production, i.e., vertical supply via the biological pump, versus other processes such as advection and subsequent aggregation of resuspended sedimentary carbon originating from continental margins and other distal sources (Conte et al., 2019). In this context, natural abundance variations in 14C serves as a useful tracer given contrasting signatures recently fixed and pre-aged carbon sources. To quantify the seasonal to inter-annual variability in sinking PO¹⁴C, we have analyzed sediment trap samples from the Oceanic Flux Program (OFP) in the Sargasso Sea, a deep ocean time-series which has examined the particle flux and its composition at 500, 1500 and 3200 m water depths since 1978.Radiocarbon measurements of POC of all OFP samples spanning September 2012 to December 2015 reveal seasonal and subseasonal variations in sinking PO¹⁴C with an amplitude in Δ¹⁴C values of ca. 100 ‰. This variability in Δ¹⁴C values is inversely linearly correlated with the proportion of lithogenic material to POC (LM:POC; r2=4.2, p
The Steinsholtsjökull rockslide and GLOF in January 1967, South Iceland – a geophysical hazard likely to reoccur elsewhere in Iceland?
Authors: Saemundsson Thorsteinn , Ben-Yehoshua Daniel , Wells Greta , Toscka Sinah , Dugmore Andrew J.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents new estimates of the dimensions and impact of the 1967 Steinsholtshlaup in Iceland in order to understand better the event, the hazards it generated, its long-term legacy and the implications for both landscape interpretation and hazard planning in areas of contemporary valley glaciation. On 15th of January 1967 a major rockslide occurred on the northern face of the Innstihaus mountain in southern Iceland, which overlooked the valley glacier called Steinsholtsjökull. The slide occurred during intensive snowmelt, that followed heavy snow accumulation in December 1966. The landslide was a complex paraglacial response to decades of down wasting of Steinholtsjökull. Since the 19th century high stands of the Little Ice age in Iceland, Icelandic glaciers have probably lost about 16% of their mass. Warm conditions in the 1920s and 1930s drove rapid glacier retreat in southern Iceland and resulted in the formation of many pro-glacial lakes, one of which formed in front of Steinsholtsjökull as the terminus of the glacier retreated up valley and the surface down wasted.  The Innstihaus rockslide displaced the southern margin of the glacier and broke up a large amount of the glacier surface. The resulting down valley avalanche of rock incorporated glacier ice, swept into a proglacial lake and the confined pro-glacial valley of Steinsholtsdalur, creating a GLOF that left a trail of ice, rock debris and landscape transformation that entirely overprinted the pre-existing pro-glacial landscape. The Steinsholtsá river was displaced from the centre line of the valley to its southern margin. About 5km from the site of the cliff collapse, boulders up to 80m3 in size were scattered immediately beyond the confluence of the proglacial valley with a wider valley sandur. A paper published by Kjartansson in 1967 recorded the immediate aftermath of the GLOF, but left many questions unanswered, and there have been no subsequent publications. A better understanding of this event is important because, circumstances similar to those found in the Steinsholtsdalur valley prior to 1967 have developed in numerous glacial environments around Iceland’s ice caps.  As in many other montane areas, increased temperatures over the last thirty years have driven renewed and rapid retreat of valley glaciers. Across Iceland, existing proglacial lakes have expanded and many new ones have formed. These glacier fluctuations have affected the stability of neighbouring mountain slopes, which are resulting in slope deformation and mass movements. The potential for a major geomorphological incident in areas that both attract tourists year-round and have seen a recent related infrastructure development raises serious concerns and stresses an urgent need to study and monitor these environments.
Dynamic agricultural weather indicators for extreme weather prediction in agriculture
Authors: Waldau Timm , Batista Pedro , Baumann Peter , Behrens Thorsten , Fiener Peter , Foeller Jens , Moeller Markus , Noehles Ingrid , Schmidt Karsten , Golla Burkhard
Published: March 2024

The project “DynAWI – dynamische Agararwetterindikatoren” (dynamic agriculture weather indices) aims to develop a process chain for data integration and real-time analysis for extreme weather. Extreme weather events have a major impact on agriculture and horticulture and cause significant economic costs. The damage depends not only on the type of extreme weather event (e.g. heat wave, drought stress or heavy precipitation), but also on the ontogenetic development of the crops. Previously, farmers calculated their risk with fixed weather indicators and because of the multi-dimensionality of the source data and it was difficult to calculate using traditional relational databases in an acceptable time.We have developed a web application for real-time calculation of dynamic weather indicators by linking a back-end infrastructure of Datacube servers and a Vue front-end infrastructure with a machine learning model in an R environment. The web application can perform real-time analyses based on multi-dimensional spatio-temporal data. Future plans include enriching the web application with additional agricultural weather indicators and linking it to weather forecasts to provide an in-season risk assessment for crop losses.
Late Neogene cooling and the disappearance of tropical ostracod taxa in the Mediterranean-Atlantic Region
Authors: Mazzini Ilaria , Parisi Roberta , Aiello Giuseppe , Barra Diana , Padma Vitolo Jamilah
Published: March 2024

The late Neogene was a time of climate transition in North-African waters, as shown by early Messinian ostracod assemblages recorded both in the Southern Mediterranean (Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia) and in Atlantic (Northwestern Morocco) sites. A cooling trend since the Burdigalian-Langhian Miocene Climate Optimum culminated in the late Miocene, approximately coinciding with the the progressive closure of the connections between Atlantic and Proto-Mediterranean that induced the Messinian Salinity Crisis. During this event all the marine taxa disappeared from the Mediterranean. Some late Miocene ostracods, presently living in shallow tropical western African waters, and not occurring in modern temperate-subtropical environments, re-entered from the Atlantic in the early Pliocene, when the Mediterranean returned to be a fully marine sea. In this number are included the genera Carinovalva and Ruggieria, that became extinct in the Mediterranean during the late Pliocene or in the Pleistocene, possibly coinciding with major cooling phases. Conversely, the genus Chrysocythere was not able to recolonize the Mediterranean waters, probably due to the Pliocene shallow water subtropical-temperate temperatures in the area of the Strait of Gibraltar. Several Miocene endemic Proto-Mediterranean tropical species and a number genera, (e.g.: Syrtica, Okadaleberis, Dallonella), went completely extinct due to the Messinian Salinity Crisis.
Understanding low-flow periods based on river and aquifer recessions using a sequential groundwater-surface water modelling approach
Authors: Ramos Lemuel , Paradis Daniel , Gloaguen Erwan , Boutin Louis-Charles , Lefebvre René
Published: March 2024

Low-flow periods are a seasonal component of a river regime characterized by a reduction in discharge. This recession phenomenon is associated with water shortages and quality problems that are detrimental to communities and ecosystems that rely on groundwater-fed rivers. This paper presents a methodology to understand the dynamics of low-flow periods by utilizing the information contained in the response of the river-aquifer system during recessions. The methodology is developed and applied to the 5000 km2 Yamaska River watershed in Quebec (Canada), where critical low-flow conditions are frequently observed in winter and summer, and where the heterogeneous nature of the geology can lead to complex interactions between the rivers and the aquifer. Multiple water table and streamflow recession events recorded over a period of 20-50 years at 16 monitoring wells and 22 gauging stations were combined to obtain an averaged recession response at each location, referred to as the master recession curve (MRC). An MRC, which is minimally influenced by precipitation and evapotranspiration processes, contains important information about the flow and storage characteristics of an aquifer and its connection to rivers. Moreover, MRCs from wells and gauging stations provide complementary information. The recession-based analysis provided a tenable framework to disregard the surface modelling component at this stage since, during the depletion periods, the system is minimally influenced by atmospheric processes. A sequential modelling approach was devised to construct an integrated hydrological model using the HydroGeoSphere simulator to capture the groundwater-surface water interactions during low flows. First, the hydraulic characteristics of the subsurface were derived from the MRCs by history matching with the model in fully saturated mode. With the subsurface domain characterized, the rest of the processes were parameterized to capture the observed groundwater and surface water hydrographs using the fully integrated model. Beyond elucidating the low-flow dynamics, this methodology showcases efficiency due to its sequential strategy, alleviating the inherent computational burdens of setting up integrated models. This communication presents the outcomes from conceptual and numerical analyses, contributing to understanding hydrologic systems under low-flow conditions.
The Impact of the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake Tsunami
Authors: Koshimura Shunichi , Adriano Bruno , Mizutani Ayumu , Mas Erick , Ohta Yusaku , Nagata Shohei , Takeda Yuriko , Vescovo Ruben , Wiguna Sesa , Abe Takashi , Suzuki Takayuki
Published: March 2024

The tsunami generated by the Mw7.6 earthquake of Noto Peninsula, Japan left widespread impact. We analyzed multi-modal information and data to elucidate its impact.We modeled the tsunami propagation and inundation with multiple tsunami source models based on GNSS-based crustal movement and tsunami waveform data to understand its propagation and inundation characteristics. The model results are verified by using post-tsunami field survey data. Preliminary tsunami modeling results implied that severe tsunami impacts were around Noto Peninsula (Shika to Nanao). Through the visualization of tsunami propagation model, we found that the remarkable tsunami refraction around the continental shelf of Noto Peninsula were responsible for high tsunamis in Suzu City. This distinctive sea bottom topography also affected the directivity of tsunami energy toward the Japan sea coasts, especially Joetsu city, Nigata Prefecture. Tsunami in Toyama bay had long duration of oscillation caused by multiple-reflection. The leading (negative) tsunami wave could not be explained by fault rupture and this implied the possibility of submarine landslides.The post-tsunami field survey teams at Suzu City preliminarily found tsunami run-ups of 3 m or higher with flow depths of 2.5m or higher. Inside the tsunami inundation zone around Noto Peninsula, we found at least 648 houses out of 3398 were destroyed by both the strong ground motion and tsunami.The cellphone-based population data (Mobile Spatial Statistics) were used to analyze the exposed population in the aftermath of the event. The hourly population estimates with 500m spatial resolution in the coastal communities implied how people reacted and were affected. Approximately 2500 population increase were found in the areas above 10 m after the major tsunami warning was issued.
The 2004 Noto Peninsula Earthquake Tsunami - It's Generation, Propagation, Inundation, and Impact
Authors: Koshimura Shunichi , Adriano Bruno , Mizutani Ayumu , Mas Erick , Ohta Yusaku , Nagata Shohei , Takeda Yuriko , Vescovo Ruben , Wiguna Sesa , Abe Takashi , Suzuki Takayuki
Published: March 2024

The tsunami was generated by the Mw7.6 Noto Peninsula Earthquake and left widespread impact. After the event occurred, we modeled the tsunami propagation and coastal inundation with various tsunami source models and discussed its propagation and inundation features.Preliminary tsunami modeling results imply that the impacts were severe around Noto Peninsula (Shika to Nanao). Specific bathymetric features of the continental shelf of Noto Peninsula were responsible for high tsunamis in Suzu City. The directivity of tsunami energy was also toward the Japan Sea coasts, especially Joetsu City, Nigata Prefecture. Early tsunami arrival at Toyama City with the leading negative wave could not be explained by fault rupture. The post-tsunami field survey teams at Suzu City preliminarily found tsunami run-ups of 3 m or higher with flow depths of 2.5m or higher. Inside the tsunami inundation zone around Noto Peninsula, we found at least 648 houses were destroyed by both the strong ground motion and tsunami.
Cosmic-ray paleohydrology
Authors: Zreda Marek
Published: March 2024

Cosmogenic particles, such as neutrons and muons, have many practical applications in the earth and environmental sciences. One important application is measuring water content at and below the land surface using low-energy neutrons. The field of cosmic-ray hydrology provides the tools to measure soil water, snow water equivalent, or vegetation water, and water fluxes related to these reservoirs, such as precipitation and infiltration.Cosmic-ray hydrology has its roots in cosmogenic geochronology, which uses cosmogenic isotopes to date depositional and erosional features on the land surface. In cosmic-ray paleohydrology geological proxy records are used to reconstruct past hydrologic conditions, such as precipitation rates or the distribution and size of water reservoirs. Such proxies should be clearly related to the environment, such as precipitation rates, lake levels, or river discharge in the geological past. This presentation will discuss several examples of geological records of ancient water systems, including mountain moraines, paleolake shorelines, river terraces, valley incisions, and ocean paleo-beaches. The combination of mountain moraine positions and their corresponding ages provides valuable information about the temperature and precipitation rates that allowed the glacier to reach the position marked by the moraines. Paleolake shorelines, dated with cosmogenic isotopes, offer insights into the size of the reservoir, which is useful in water mass balance reconstructions and paleoclimate studies. The height of river terraces indicates past river discharge rates at times determined through cosmogenic dating of the deposits. Dated valley incisions provide information on the last significant erosion episode, which is linked to high river discharge. Dated ocean paleobeaches provide a record of sea-level changes in the geological past.Although measuring water reservoirs and fluxes today uses different tools than those which are used in paleohydrology, the two are linked by the cosmogenic particles that are at the heart of these tools.
Geomorphological consequences of the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake: tectonic deformations, coseismic landslides, and their implications
Authors: Matsushi Yuki
Published: March 2024

This presentation will report preliminary results of multifaceted analyses for the geomorphological aspects of the Mw 7.5 earthquake struck northern tip of the Noto Peninsula, Japan, at 16:10JST on January 1, 2024. The earthquake caused significant uplift of the northern coastal areas of the peninsula, accompanying a tsunami observed widely in the surrounding coastline, along with extensive tectonic deformations observed inland. Spatial extent of the crustal movements accords generally with the relief structures and distribution of marine terraces in the Noto Peninsula, implying the long-term tectonic forcing on the landscape evolution in this region. Numerous coseismic landslides occurred in steep mountainous terrains, which yield vast volume of sediment from hillslopes into fluvial channels. Inventory mapping revealed the localized distribution of the landslides, regulated most probably by geologic and topographic conditions. Areal density of the landslides can be explained by coupled factors of lithological susceptibility of the hillslopes to the seismic shaking and amplification of ground motion at the hilltops.
Fossil Fluvio-Lacustrine System of the Southern Grande Terre of New Caledonia : Paleo-environmental Archives and Dynamics of Trace METALlic Elements (TME)
Authors: Parmentier Jean-Baptiste , Pattier France , Mathian Maximilien , Gaullier Virginie , Gunkel-Grillon Peggy , Maurizot Pierre , Tribovillard Nicolas , Marchand Cyril , Cohen Olivier , Blaise Emmanuel , Zanella Alain , Devillers Nell
Published: March 2024

Located in the south-west Pacific, New Caledonia is an archipelago with a complex geodynamic history. Grande Terre, the main island, is covered by more than 25% of regolith developed on ultramafic rocks. These peridotites, naturally enriched in metallic elements (Fe, Al, Ni, Co, Cr), constitute most of the southern part of New Caledonia. Since approximately 27 Ma, these rocks have undergone weathering (under a humid tropical climate) and erosion. This combination has led to the formation of the fluvio-lacustrine system, by accumulation of sediments eroded from local summits in depressions and valleys.The distribution of the fossil fluvio-lacustrine system in New Caledonia has been mapped by Folcher N. (2016). The sedimentary filling of this system is essentially of fluvial origin, with rare lacustrine occurrences. Its structure is complex and some sedimentary levels show abnormally high accumulations of Trace Metallic Elements (Ni, Co, Cr). Thus, the METAL FLAP thesis project aims to understand how the geodynamic history, paleoenvironmental evolution, and diagenetic processes within the fluvio lacustrine formation influence the dynamics of metallic elements and their potential transfer to the modern fluviatile system?In one of the sub-basins of the system (the basin of the pirogue river), the relationships between geochemistry and structures have been studied at the edges of two types of objects: horizontal indurated beds and vertical ferruginous partitions. The first results suggest that these two types of structures, which have different formation origins, strongly impact the distribution of elements in sediments (enrichment in Cr, depletion in Fe, etc.). The vertical partitions are thought to be related to fluid circulation in basin fractures, while the formation of horizontal indurated layers is believed to originate from fluctuations in groundwater levels. The quantification of the contribution of each phenomenon to the dynamics of elements is still poorly defined but constitutes one of the major focuses of this study.Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the system’s architecture and a thorough sediment characterization, coupled with the study of the few fossils present in the formation, shed light on the paleoenvironmental history of the region during deposition. This also provides assistance in understanding the geological processes affecting the formation of the fluvio-lacustrine system, as well as the dynamics of metallic elements in the land-sea continuum. This fossil continental system in the southern region is one of the least studied formations in the area, despite the wealth of information it holds about the geodynamic history of New Caledonia during the last post-obduction cycle.
'It's no longer for us': Understanding families' decisions to discontinue home education in Australia
Authors:   , Sheng Zhuang
Published: March 2024

The popularity of home education as an alternative pathway in Australia and globally has increased, notably since the onset of COVID-19 in 2020. While both home educators and students cite numerous benefits, research suggests that the decision to home educate is not always permanent, with many students eventually transitioning back to mainstream education. A gap exists in understanding the reasons behind discontinuing home education. This study delves into the perspectives of parents who enrolled their home-educated children in mainstream schools. Through qualitative methods, the findings reveal complex decisions influenced by changes in circumstances and a lack of support.
Investigating the effects of the male lures cue-lure and zingerone on gene expression in Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera jarvisi (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors:   , Sadzius Kirra
Published: March 2024

Male lures are plant chemicals used in pest management to trap fruit flies, but they also have unique biological effects on fruit flies. This project explored this relationship in two Australian pest species, providing insight into the effects of these lures at the genetic level and identifying specific genes of interest. Gene expression analysis revealed several sensory-related and immune-related genes differentially expressed in Bactrocera tryoni and B. jarvisi after feeding on the lures, and also revealed the increased expression of a virus in B. tryoni. These results help improve our understanding of the relationship between fruit flies and male lures.
AUGMENTED PERFORMANCE: Creating authentic narratives through the integration of augmented reality via a smartphone application in live performance
Authors:   , Maloney Kristen
Published: March 2024

In contemporary theatre and performance, the transformative impact of digital technologies is undeniable, yet the integration of augmented reality through a smartphone application in live performance remains relatively unexplored. Coining the term ‘augmented performance’, this research addresses the challenge of blurring the binaries of live and virtual, authenticity and spectacle to create authentic narratives that evoke wonder, curiosity, and meaning-making. Guided by creative practice, the research identifies key components of augmented performance and establishes an Authenticity Framework. The framework serves as a valuable tool for artists and researchers, facilitating the creation and analysis of augmented performances.
Arquitectura responsiva.
Authors: Pérez Cabrera David Sebastián
Published: March 2024

La capacidad de movimiento o cambio en la arquitectura es un tema que se ha tratado desde varias perspectivas estéticas y funcionales. Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre las posibilidades estéticas y capacidad de adaptación de la arquitectura responsiva.
VIP. Social sostenible para personas desplazadas por el conflicto armado en Restrepo, Meta.
Authors: Bello Noriega Solanyi Samira , Ñustes Valderrama Juan Andrés
Published: March 2024

Este es un proyecto de vivienda, para desplazados por el conflicto armado, que contempla parámetros de sostenibilidad dentro de la construcción, ayudando a mitigar el impacto negativo a nivel ambiental y mejorando las condiciones sociales de sus habitantes.
ECOPOTENCIA, centro de desarrollo ambiental.
Authors: Morales Reyes Luis Esteban , Rodríguez Castillo Daniela Fernanda
Published: March 2024

El proyecto Centro de Desarrollo Ambiental fue diseñado para el municipio de Mesetas, en la parte occidental de la región del piedemonte del Departamento del Meta, en los límites con los municipios de Lejanías, La Uribe, La Macarena y San Juan de Arama. Este proyecto cuenta con un enfoque de desarrollo ambiental o desarrollo sustentable que, para este caso particular, es entendiendo como aquel tipo de desarrollo que satisface las necesidades actuales de nuestra sociedad sin comprometer la capacidad de las generaciones futuras mientras contribuye a mejorar la calidad de vida de los actuales y futuros habitantes de un lugar en relación con el crecimiento económico, el bienestar social y el medio ambiente.
Lake Verity.
Authors: Aranguren Niño Jorge Esteban
Published: March 2024

El proyecto tiene como propósito transmitir “tranquilidad” y su función dentro del terreno es brindar un espacio en el cual se puedan reunir las personas a sentarse a tomar un café, o solo disfrutar del paisaje boscoso y de la vista directa al lago.
Ortega y Jaspers, en torno al origen de la filosofía
Authors: Toyohira Taro
Published: March 2024

Este artículo examina las diversas interpretaciones sobre el origen de la filosofía en José Ortega y Gasset y Karl Jaspers. Ortega redactó “Fragmentos de Origen de la filosofía” para celebrar el septuagésimo cumpleaños de Jaspers. Sin embargo, este ensayo aparentemente conmemorativo incluye una crítica sustancial a la interpretación jaspersiana del origen de la filosofía. En este contexto, analizamos tanto el concepto jaspersiano del “tiempo-eje (Achsenzeit)” como la tesis orteguiana que interpreta el origen de la filosofía como un fenómeno colonial y ateo. Y, en realidad, la discrepancia entre Ortega y Jaspers en este tema se debe a sus concepciones radicalmente opuestas de la filosofía misma.
The Muslim Resolutions of 1941 and the People's Liberation Movement
Authors: Hoare Marko
Published: March 2024

The Muslim Resolutions of 1941 expressed the rejection of the policies and values of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) by the Muslim Bosniak elite. They took place in the context of widespread resistance among all Bosnia-Herzegovina’s peoples to the NDH and its genocidal policies towards Serbs, Jews and Roma, and formed part of this resistance. The People’s Liberation Movement (NOP) led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) was becoming the spearhead of the resistance. The NOP would succeed after elements of the Muslim Bosniak elite, guided by the principles that inspired the Muslim Resolutions, joined the NOP, along with a large part of the Muslim Bosniak pop-ulation.
Muslimanske rezolucije u svjetlu pokušaja spašavanja Jevreja
Authors: Tauber Eli
Published: March 2024

Posljedice rasnog antisemitizma po nacističkom modelu su provedene politike protiv Jevreja – planske deportacije i organizirani sistem ubijanja u koncentracijskim logorima smrti. Zbog toga se pripadnici drugih nacionalnosti solidarišu s jevrejskim stanovništvom. Odvažni, plemeniti ljudi jakih moralnih načela bili su spremni izložiti se opasnosti pružajući pomoć Jevrejima u doba nacističkih progona. Objavljuju se muslimanske rezolucije kao izraz građanske hrabrosti i suživota u Bosni i Hercegovini.