bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of aboveground biomass and diversity to nitrogen addition along a degradation gradient in the Inner Mongolian steppe, China
Authors: Xu Xiaotian , Liu Hongyan , Song Zhaoliang , Wang Wei , Hu Guozheng , Qi Zhaohuan
Published: July 2015

Although nitrogen addition and recovery from degradation can both promote production of grassland biomass, these two factors have rarely been investigated in combination. In this study, we established a field experiment with six N-treatment (CK, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 g N m−2 yr−1) on five fields with different degradation levels in the Inner Mongolian steppe of China from 2011–2013. Our observations showed that while the external nitrogen increased the aboveground biomass in all five grasslands, the magnitude of the effects differed with the severity of degradation. Fields with a higher level of degradation tended to have a higher saturation value (20 g N m−2 yr−1) than those with a lower degradation level ( < 10 g N m−2 yr−1). After three years of experimentation, species richness showed little change across degradation levels. Among the four functional groups of grasses, sedges, forbs and legumes, grasses shared the most similar response patterns with those of the whole community, demonstrating the predominant role that they play in the restoration of grassland under a stimulus of nitrogen addition.
Homocysteine and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Peirong , Wang Fenghua , Kumar Sah Birendra , Jiang Junhai , Ni Zhentian , Wang Jentso , Sun Xiaodong
Published: July 2015

Contrasting results have been reported regarding the associations between plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and B vitamin levels and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk. Thus, we aimed to systematically evaluate these associations. Relevant case control studies in English were identified via a thorough search of the PubMed, Medline and Embase databases from inception to June 2014. The results were pooled using Review Manager 5.2.1. Eleven studies (including 1072 cases and 1202 controls) were eligible for analysis of tHcy levels; additionally, 3 studies (including 152 cases and 98 controls) were eligible for analysis of folic acid and vitamin B12 levels. The cumulative results demonstrated that the plasma tHcy level among the AMD cases was 2.67 μmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60-3.74) higher than that among the controls. In contrast, the vitamin B12 level among the AMD cases was 64.16 pg/mL (95% CI, 19.32-109.00) lower than that among the controls. Subgroup analyses showed that the folic acid level was 1.66 ng/mL (95% CI, 0.10-3.21) lower for the wet type. Together, the results demonstrated that AMD is associated with elevated tHcy levels and decreased vitamin B12 levels. Plasma tHcy may act as a modulator of the risk for AMD based on the current evidence.
Streptococcal IdeS: therapeutic potential for Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Takahashi Ryo , Yuki Nobuhiro
Published: July 2015

Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin are effective in treating Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) probably because the former removes IgG autoantibodies and complement and the latter inhibits complement activation subsequent to the autoantibody binding to peripheral nerve antigens. IgG degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS) can cleave the pathogenic autoantibodies into F(ab’)2 and Fc. The purpose of this study is to show whether IdeS has novel therapeutic potential for GBS. Sera with anti-ganglioside IgG antibodies from 15 patients with GBS or Miller Fisher syndrome were used. We tested whether IdeS cleaved the anti-ganglioside IgG antibodies and inhibited deposition of activated complement component on ELISA plates. IdeS efficiently cleaved IgG and blocked complement activation mediated by anti-GM1, anti-GD1a and anti-GQ1b IgG antibodies. IdeS has therapeutic potential for GBS and related conditions.
Novel Cathelicidins from Pigeon Highlights Evolutionary Convergence in Avain Cathelicidins and Functions in Modulation of Innate Immunity
Authors: Yu Haining , Lu Yiling , Qiao Xue , Wei Lin , Fu Tingting , Cai Shasha , Wang Chen , Liu Xuelian , Zhong Shijun , Wang Yipeng
Published: July 2015

Cathelicidins are short cationic host defense peptides and play a central role in host innate immune system. Here we identified two novel cathelicidins, Cl-CATH2 and 3, from Columba livia. Evolutionary analysis of avian cathelicidins via phylogenetic tree and Ka/Ks calculations supported the positive selection that prompted evolution of CATH2 to CATH1 and 3, which originate from common ancestor and could belong to one superfamily. Cl-CATH2 and 3 both adopt amphipathic α-helical comformations identified by circular dichroism and the 3D structures built by Rosetta. Cl-CATH2 of CATH2 family with the most expression abundance in bird, exhibited relatively weak antimicrobial activity, but acted instead on the innate immune response without showing undesirable toxicities. In macrophages primed by LPS, Cl-CATH2 significantly down-regulated the gene and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and pro-inflammatory cytokines while enhancing the anti-inflammatory cytokine, acting through MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Molecular docking shows for the first time that cathelicidin binds to the opening region of LPS-binding pocket on myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) of toll-like receptor (TLR)4-MD-2 complex, which in turn inhibits the TLR4 pathway. Our results, therefore, provide new insight into the mechanism underlying the blockade of TLR4 signaling by cathelicidins.
A Long Neglected Damper in the El Niño—Typhoon Relationship: a ‘Gaia-Like’ Process
Authors: Zheng Zhe-Wen , Lin I.-I. , Wang Bin , Huang Hsiao-Ching , Chen Chi-Hong
Published: July 2015

Proposed in the early 1970’s, the Gaia hypothesis suggests that our planet earth has a self-regulating ability to maintain a stable condition for life. Tropical cyclone (TC) is one of the earth’s most hazardous disasters; it is intriguing to explore whether ‘Gaia-like’ processes may exist in nature to regulate TC activities. El Niño can shift the forming position of the Western Pacific typhoons away from land. This shift enables typhoons to travel longer distances over ocean and is known to be a positive process to promote TCs to achieve higher intensity. What is neglected, however, is that there co-exists a negative process. Here we show that during El Niño, typhoons intensify over region undergoing strong ocean subsurface shoaling where upper ocean heat content can drop by 20–50%. This ‘worsen’ ocean pre-condition can effectively reduce ocean’s energy supply for typhoon intensification during typhoon-ocean interaction. We find this an elegant, ‘Gaia-like’ process demonstrating nature’s self-regulating ability. Though during El Niño, typhoons can take advantage of the longer travelling distance over ocean to achieve higher intensity, nature is also providing a damper to partially cancel this positive impact. Without the damper, the situation could be even worse.
An Analog of electrically induced transparency via surface delocalized modes
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Zhou Bingpu , Wang Xinke , He Jingwen , Hou Bo , Zhang Yan , Wen Weijia
Published: July 2015

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally an interesting opaque state, which is based on an analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in mechanism, in a metal hole array of the dimer lattice. By introducing a small difference to the dimer holes of each unit cell, the surface delocalized modes launching out from the dimer holes can have destructive interferences. Consequently, a narrow opaque window in the transparent background can be observed in the transmission spectrum. This surface-mode-induced opacity (SMIO) state is very sensitive to the difference of the dimer holes, which will promise various applications.
Water regime history drives responses of soil Namib Desert microbial communities to wetting events
Authors: Frossard Aline , Ramond Jean-Baptiste , Seely Mary , Cowan Don A.
Published: July 2015

Despite the dominance of microorganisms in arid soils, the structures and functional dynamics of microbial communities in hot deserts remain largely unresolved. The effects of wetting event frequency and intensity on Namib Desert microbial communities from two soils with different water-regime histories were tested over 36 days. A total of 168 soil microcosms received wetting events mimicking fog, light rain and heavy rainfall, with a parallel “dry condition” control. T-RFLP data showed that the different wetting events affected desert microbial community structures, but these effects were attenuated by the effects related to the long-term adaptation of both fungal and bacterial communities to soil origins (i.e. soil water regime histories). The intensity of the water pulses (i.e. the amount of water added) rather than the frequency of wetting events had greatest effect in shaping bacterial and fungal community structures. In contrast to microbial diversity, microbial activities (enzyme activities) showed very little response to the wetting events and were mainly driven by soil origin. This experiment clearly demonstrates the complexity of microbial community responses to wetting events in hyperarid hot desert soil ecosystems and underlines the dynamism of their indigenous microbial communities.
The stochastic thermodynamics of a rotating Brownian particle in a gradient flow
Authors: Lan Yueheng , Aurell Erik
Published: July 2015

We compute the entropy production engendered in the environment from a single Brownian particle which moves in a gradient flow and show that it corresponds in expectation to classical near-equilibrium entropy production in the surrounding fluid with specific mesoscopic transport coefficients. With temperature gradient, extra terms are found which result from the nonlinear interaction between the particle and the non-equilibrated environment. The calculations are based on the fluctuation relations which relate entropy production to the probabilities of stochastic paths and carried out in a multi-time formalism.
Salvianolic acid A as a multifunctional agent ameliorates doxorubicin-induced nephropathy in rats
Authors: Fan Hua-Ying , Yang Ming-Yan , Qi Dong , Zhang Zuo-Kai , Zhu Lin , Shang-Guan Xiu-Xin , Liu Ke , Xu Hui , Che Xin
Published: July 2015

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is still a therapeutic challenge. To date there is no ideal treatment. Evidence suggest that multidrug therapy has more effect than monotherapy in amelioration of renal injury. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is the major active component of Salviae Miltio2rrhizae Bunge. Previous studies have demonstrated that SAA is a multi-target agent and has various pharmacological activities. The pleiotropic properties of SAA predict its potential in the treatment of NS. The study investigated the effect of SAA on doxorubicin-induced nephropathy. The kidney function related-biochemical changes, hemorheological parameters and oxidative stress status were determined and histological examination using light and transmission electron microcopies and western blot analysis were also performed. Results revealed that treatment with SAA alleviated histological damages, relieved proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia, reduced oxidative stress, as well as improving hemorheology. Furthermore, SAA restored podocin expression, down-regulated the expression of NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα while up-regulating IκBα protein expression. Overall, as a multifunctional agent, SAA has a favorable renoprotection in doxorubicin-induced nephropathy. The anti-inflammation, antioxidant, amelioration of podocyte injury, improvement of hemorheology and hypolipidemic properties may constituent an important part of its therapeutic effects. All these indicate that SAA is likely to be a promising agent for NS.
Escherichia coli of sequence type 3835 carrying blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaCMY-42 and blaSHV-12
Authors: Feng Yu , Yang Ping , Xie Yi , Wang Xiaohui , McNally Alan , Zong Zhiyong
Published: July 2015

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) represents a serious challenge for treatment and public health. A carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli clinical strain WCHEC13-8 was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests, whole genome sequencing and conjugation experiments. It was resistant to imipenem (MIC, >256 μg/ml) and meropenem (MIC, 128 μg/ml) and belonged to ST3835. blaNDM-1 was the only carbapenemase gene detected. Strain WCHEC13-8 also had a plasmid-borne AmpC gene (blaCMY-42) and two extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-15 and blaSHV-12). blaNDM-1 and blaSHV-12 were carried by a 54-kb IncX3 self-transmissible plasmid, which is identical to plasmid pNDM-HF727 from Enterobacter cloacae. blaCMY-42 was carried by a 64-kb IncI1 plasmid and blaCTX-M-15 was located on a 141-kb plasmid with multiple F replicons (replicon type: F36:A4:B1). blaCMY-42 was in a complicated context and the mobilisation of blaCMY-42 was due to the transposition of ISEcp1 by misidentifying its right-end boundary. Genetic context of blaNDM-1 in strain WCHEC13-8 was closely related to those on IncX3 plasmids in various Enterobacteriaceae species in China. In conclusion, a multidrug-resistant ST3835 E. coli clinical strain carrying blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaCMY-42 and blaSHV-12 was identified. IncX3 plasmids may be making a significant contribution to the dissemination of blaNDM among Enterobacteriaceae in China.
On the importance of sensor height variation for detection of magnetic labels by magnetoresistive sensors
Authors: Henriksen Anders Dahl , Wang Shan Xiang , Hansen Mikkel Fougt
Published: July 2015

Magnetoresistive sensors are widely used for biosensing by detecting the signal from magnetic labels bound to a functionalized area that usually covers the entire sensor structure. Magnetic labels magnetized by a homogeneous applied magnetic field weaken and strengthen the applied field when they are over and outside the sensor area, respectively and the detailed origin of the sensor signal in experimental studies has not been clarified. We systematically analyze the signal from both a single sensor stripe and an array of sensor stripes as function of the geometrical parameters of the sensor stripes as well as the distribution of magnetic labels over the stripes. We show that the signal from sensor stripes with a uniform protective coating, contrary to conventional wisdom in the field, is usually dominated by the contribution from magnetic labels between the sensor stripes rather than by the labels on top of the sensor stripes because these are at a lower height. We therefore propose a shift of paradigm to maximize the signal due to magnetic labels between sensor stripes. Guidelines for this optimization are provided and illustrated for an experimental case from the literature.
Yindanxinnaotong, a Chinese compound medicine, synergistically attenuatesatherosclerosis progress
Authors: Cheng Long , Pan Guo-feng , Zhang Xiao-dong , Wang Jian-lu , Wang Wan-dan , Zhang Jian-yong , Wang Hui , Liang Ri-xin , Sun Xiao-bo
Published: July 2015

Yindanxinnaotong (YD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been introduced toclinical medicine for more than a decade, while its pharmacological properties arestill not to be well addressed. This report aimed to explore theanti-atherosclerosis properties and underlying mechanisms of YD. We initiallyperformed a computational prediction based on a network pharmacology simulation,which clued YD exerted synergistically anti-atherosclerosis properties by vascularendothelium protection, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Theseoutcomes were then validated in atherosclerosis rats. The experiments providedevidences indicating YD’s contribution in this study included, (1)significantly reduced the severity of atherosclerosis, inhibited reconstruction ofthe artery wall and regulated the lipid profile; (2) enhanced antioxidant power,strengthened the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased malondialdhydelevels; (3) significantly increased the viability of umbilical vein endothelialcells exposed to oxidative stress due to pretreatment with YD; (4) significantlyreduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines; (5) significantly down-regulatedNF-kB/p65 and up-regulated IkB in the YD-treated groups. Overall, these resultsdemonstrated that YD intervention relieves atherosclerosis through regulatinglipids, reducing lipid particle deposition in the endothelial layer of artery,enhancing antioxidant power and repressing inflammation activity by inhibiting thenuclear factor-kappa B signal pathway.
Control of the wrinkle structure on surface-reformed poly(dimethylsiloxane) via ion-beam bombardment
Authors: Park Hong-Gyu , Jeong Hae-Chang , Jung Yoon Ho , Seo Dae-Shik
Published: July 2015

We investigated the surface reformation of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomers by means of ion beam bombardment for fabricating wrinkle structures. Oxidation on the PDMS surface formed a silica-like outer layer that interacted with the inner PDMS layer, leading to the formation of wrinkle structures that minimized the combined bending energy of the outer layer and stretching energy of the inner layer. In addition, we controlled the amplitude and period of the wrinkle structures by adjusting the PDMS annealing temperature. As the PDMS annealing temperature was increased, the amplitude and period of the wrinkles formed by IB irradiation changed from 604.35 to 69.01 nm and from 3.07 to 0.80 μm, respectively.
Ancestry, admixture and fitness in Colombian genomes
Authors: Rishishwar Lavanya , Conley Andrew B. , Wigington Charles H. , Wang Lu , Valderrama-Aguirre Augusto , King Jordan I.
Published: July 2015

The human dimension of the Columbian Exchange entailed substantial genetic admixture between ancestral source populations from Africa, the Americas and Europe, which had evolved separately for many thousands of years. We sought to address the implications of the creation of admixed American genomes, containing novel allelic combinations, for human health and fitness via analysis of an admixed Colombian population from Medellin. Colombian genomes from Medellin show a wide range of three-way admixture contributions from ancestral source populations. The primary ancestry component for the population is European (average = 74.6%, range = 45.0%–96.7%), followed by Native American (average = 18.1%, range = 2.1%–33.3%) and African (average = 7.3%, range = 0.2%–38.6%). Locus-specific patterns of ancestry were evaluated to search for genomic regions that are enriched across the population for particular ancestry contributions. Adaptive and innate immune system related genes and pathways are particularly over-represented among ancestry-enriched segments, including genes (HLA-BandMAPK10) that are involved in defense against endemic pathogens such as malaria. Genes that encode functions related to skin pigmentation (SCL4A5) and cutaneous glands (EDAR) are also found in regions with anomalous ancestry patterns. These results suggest the possibility that ancestry-specific loci were differentially retained in the modern admixed Colombian population based on their utility in the New World environment.
Fertile fathoms: Deep reproductive refugia for threatened shallow corals
Authors: Holstein Daniel M. , Smith Tyler B. , Gyory Joanna , Paris Claire B.
Published: July 2015

The persistence of natural metapopulations may depend on subpopulations that exist at the edges of species ranges, removed from anthropogenic stress. Mesophotic coral ecosystems (30–150 m) are buffered from disturbance by depth and distance and are potentially massive reservoirs of coral diversity and fecundity; yet we know little about the reproductive capabilities of their constituent species and the potential for these marginal environments to influence patterns of coral reef persistence. We investigated the reproductive performance of the threatened depth-generalist coralOrbicella faveolataover the extent of its vertical range to assess mesophotic contributions to regional larval pools. Over equal habitat area, mesophotic coral populations were found to produce over an order of magnitude more eggs than nearby shallow populations. Positive changes with depth in both population abundance and polyp fecundity contributed to this discrepancy. Relative larval pool contributions of deeper living corals will likely increase as shallow habitats further degrade due to climate change and local habitat degradation. This is a compelling example of the potential for marginal habitat to be critical to metapopulation persistence as reproductive refugia.
An advanced fragment analysis-based individualized subtype classification of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Zhang Han , Cheng Hao , Wang Qingqing , Zeng Xianping , Chen Yanfen , Yan Jin , Sun Yanran , Zhao Xiaoxi , Li Weijing , Gao Chao , Gong Wenyu , Li Bei , Zhang Ruidong , Nan Li , Wu Yong , Bao Shilai , Han Jing-Dong J. , Zheng Huyong
Published: July 2015

Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common neoplasm and one of the primary causes of death in children. Its treatment is highly dependent on the correct classification of subtype. Previously, we developed a microarray-based subtype classifier based on the relative expression levels of 62 marker genes, which can predict 7 different ALL subtypes with an accuracy as high as 97% in completely independent samples. Because the classifier is based on gene expression rank values rather than actual values, the classifier enables an individualized diagnosis, without the need to reference the background distribution of the marker genes in a large number of other samples and also enables cross platform application. Here, we demonstrate that the classifier can be extended from a microarray-based technology to a multiplex qPCR-based technology using the same set of marker genes as the advanced fragment analysis (AFA). Compared to microarray assays, the new assay system makes the convenient, low cost and individualized subtype diagnosis of pediatric ALL a reality and is clinically applicable, particularly in developing countries.
Single molecular recognition force spectroscopy study of a DNA aptamer with the target epithelial cell adhesion molecule
Authors: Wang Nan , Liu Huiqing , Hao Jinhui , Bai Xiaojing , Li Huiyan , Zhang Zhe , Wang Hongda , Tang Jilin
Published: July 2015

Through detecting the unbinding events between SYL3C tethered to the AFM tip and EpCAM immobilized on substrate, the interaction forces between SYL3C and EpCAM were studied using SMFS, and the dynamic and binding kinetics were also investigated.
A fast high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of amino acid phenylketonuria disorder in dried blood spots and serum samples, employing C18 monolithic silica columns and photo diode array detection
Authors: Haghighi Farideh , Talebpour Zahra , Amini Vali , Ahmadzadeh Amir , Farhadpour Mohsen
Published: July 2015

A gradient HPLC-PDA method applying a monolithic RP-C18 column for phenylalanine and tyrosine quantization in dried blood spots, within 6 min.
Are metal-free pristine carbon nanotubes electrocatalytically active?
Authors: Cheng Yi , Zhang Jin , Jiang San Ping
Published: July 2015

Metal-free carbon nanotubes (CNTs) do show electrocatalytic activity for H2 evolution, O2 evolution and O2 reduction reactions in alkaline solutions, but their activities strongly depend on the number of walls or inner tubes with a maximum for CNTs with 2–3 walls.
Binder-free three-dimensional high energy density electrodes for ionic-liquid supercapacitors
Authors: Tran Chau , Lawrence Daniel , Richey Francis W. , Dillard Caitlin , Elabd Yossef A. , Kalra Vibha
Published: July 2015

We demonstrate a facile methodology to fabricate binder-free porous carbon nanofiber electrodes for room temperature ionic-liquid supercapacitors.
A squaraine-based colorimetric and F− dependent chemosensor for recyclable CO2 gas detection: highly sensitive off–on–off response
Authors: Xia Guomin , Liu Yang , Ye Benfei , Sun Jianqi , Wang Hongming
Published: July 2015

An unsymmetrical squaraine-based chemosensor SH2 has been synthesized, and its sensing behavior towards CO2 gas was described in detail by UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopies in DMSO.
Reciprocal hybridization of MoO2 nanoparticles and few-layer MoS2 for stable lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Deng Zongnan , Hu Yanjie , Ren Dayong , Lin Shaoliang , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong
Published: July 2015

The reciprocal hybridization of MoO2 nanoparticles and few-layer MoS2 has been realized via a facile hydrothermal reaction.
Carbon dioxide-enhanced photosynthesis of methane and hydrogen from carbon dioxide and water over Pt-promoted polyaniline–TiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Guodong , Xie Shunji , Zhang Qinghong , Tian Zhengfang , Wang Ye
Published: July 2015

CO2 facilitates electron–hole separation and enhances the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O uniquely for polyaniline-containing TiO2 and Pt–TiO2 catalysts.
Tuning the structural asymmetries of three-dimensional gold nanorod assemblies
Authors: Shen Chenqi , Lan Xiang , Lu Xuxing , Ni Weihai , Wang Qiangbin
Published: July 2015

A series of 3D AuNR dimers and trimers were fabricated under the guidance of DNA origami.
Efficient heterocyclisation by (di)terpene synthases
Authors: Mafu S. , Potter K. C. , Hillwig M. L. , Schulte S. , Criswell J. , Peters R. J.
Published: July 2015

Ability of (di)terpene synthases to catalyse heterocyclization indicated by the ease that this is accomplished by widely divergent ent-kaurene synthases.
Correction: A supramolecular approach for designing emissive solid-state carbazole arrays
Authors: Lifshits Liubov M. , Noll Bruce C. , Klosterman Jeremy K.
Published: July 2015

Correction for ‘A supramolecular approach for designing emissive solid-state carbazole arrays’ by Liubov M. Lifshits et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 11603–11606.
Capturing the structural diversification upon thermal desolvation of a robust metal organic framework via a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Mandal Sanjay K.
Published: July 2015

Using a robust 2D metal organic framework, {[Zn(bpaipa)]·DMF·2H2O}n (1), structural diversification due to thermal desolvation is captured via single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation based on X-ray crystallography, FTIR and TGA.
Determining adsorbate configuration on alumina surfaces with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time analysis
Authors: Vecino P. A. , Huang Z. , Mitchell J. , McGregor J. , Daly H. , Hardacre C. , Thomson J. M. , Gladden L. F.
Published: July 2015

Relative strengths of surface interaction for individual carbon atoms in acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons adsorbed on alumina surfaces are determined using chemically resolved 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T1 relaxation times.
Electronic properties of free-standing TiO2 nanotube arrays fabricated by electrochemical anodization
Authors: Chen Chi Liang , Dong Chung-Li , Chen Chia-Hao , Wu Jen-Wei , Lu Ying-Rui , Lin Chin-Jung , Ya Hsuan Liou Sofia , Tseng Chuan-Ming , Kumar Krishna , Wei Da-Hua , Guo Jinghua , Chou Wu-Ching , Wu Maw-Kuen
Published: July 2015

Different electronic structures between the top and bottom of TiNT revealed by XAS, SPEM, and RIXS.
A novel synthetic route towards monodisperse LaOF:Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Tb) hollow spheres with multicolor luminescence properties
Authors: Li Ruiqing , Li Linlin , Liang Yimai , Zhang Nannan , Liu Yali , Gan Shucai
Published: July 2015

This work investigates a novel facile synthesis strategy for the LaOF hollow spheres to obtain multicolor emissions in LaOF:Tb3+,Eu3+ samples.
Polyoxometalate-based phase transfer catalysis for liquid–solid organic reactions: a review
Authors: Zhou Yu , Guo Zengjing , Hou Wei , Wang Qian , Wang Jun
Published: July 2015

Recent progress in POM-based phase transfer catalysis for liquid–solid organic reactions is summarized in this review.
Porous frameworks constructed by non-covalent linking of substitution-inert metal complexes
Authors: Itoh Takahiro , Kondo Mio , Sakamoto Hirotoshi , Wakabayashi Kaori , Kanaike Mari , Itami Kenichiro , Masaoka Shigeyuki
Published: July 2015

Flexible porous frameworks based on substitution-inert paddle-wheel Rh(ii) dimers with active sites were successfully synthesized by using multipoint arene-perfluoroarene interactions and the porous properties of the frameworks were investigated.
Identification of key factors affecting the water pollutant concentration in the sluice-controlled river reaches of the Shaying River in China via statistical analysis methods
Authors: Dou Ming , Zhang Yan , Zuo Qiting , Mi Qingbin
Published: July 2015

The construction of sluices creates a strong disturbance in water environmental factors within a river.
Indirect quantum sensors: improving the sensitivity in characterizing very weakly coupled spins
Authors: Greiner Johannes N. , Rao D. D. Bhaktavatsala , Neumann Philipp , Wrachtrup Jörg
Published: July 2015

We propose a scheme to increase the sensitivity and thus the detection volume of nanoscale single molecule magnetic resonance imaging. The proposal aims to surpass the T1 limited detection of the sensor by taking advantage of a long-lived ancillary nuclear spin to which the sensor is coupled. We show how this nuclear spin takes over the role of the sensor spin, keeping the characteristic time-scales of detection on the same order but with a longer life-time allowing it to detect a larger volume of the sample, which is not possible by the sensor alone.
The inhibitory effect of vitamin K on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption
Authors: Wu Wei-Jie , Kim Min Seuk , Ahn Byung-Yong
Published: July 2015

Vitamins K1, MK-4 and MK-7 have anti-osteoporotic properties, while their regulation effects on osteoclastogenesis are somewhat different.
Enzymatic transformation of stevioside using a β-galactosidase from Sulfolobus sp.
Authors: Wan Hui-da , Xia Yong-mei
Published: July 2015

Enzymatic hydrolysis and transgalactosylation of stevioside (St) using a β-galactosidase from Sulfolobus sp.
CdSe quantum dots capped with naturally occurring biobased oils
Authors: Kyobe Joseph W. , Mubofu Egid B. , Makame Yahya M. M. , Mlowe Sixberth , Revaprasadu Neerish
Published: July 2015

Ultra-small CdSe quantum dots were thermally synthesized using castor oil and ricinoleic acid both as capping agents and dispersing solvents.
Facile synthesis of Ag nanowires/mesoporous TiO2core–shell nanocables with improved properties for lithium storage
Authors: Qu GenLong , Geng Hongbo , Guo Jun , Zheng Junwei , Gu Hongwei
Published: July 2015

In this paper, the Ag/TiO2coaxial nanocables were successfully fabricated through a facile sol–gel method combined with a hydrothermal treatment process and a short post-annealing procedure. The obtained electrode materials delivered superior electrochemical performance.
Novel chromium complexes with a [OSSO]-type bis(phenolato) dianionic ligand mediate the alternating ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides and phthalic anhydride
Authors: Si Gaoshan , Zhang Li , Han Bing , Duan Zhongyu , Li Boqian , Dong Jincheng , Li Xiangqing , Liu Binyuan
Published: July 2015

Polyesters are efficiently prepared from ROCOP of PA and epoxides with [OSSO]CrX/Lewis base binary catalyst. The VCHO-derivatized polyesters can be functionalized by a thiol-ene reaction.
A green miniemulsion-based synthesis of polymeric aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles
Authors: Cao Zhihai , Xu Chang , Liang Lihua , Zhao Zujin , Chen Bin , Chen Zhijie , Chen Hangnan , Qu Gan , Qi Dongming , Shan Guorong , Ziener Ulrich
Published: July 2015

A green miniemulsion-based technique for preparing polymeric aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles was described.
Assisted sintering of silver nanoparticle inkjet ink on paper with active coatings
Authors: Öhlund Thomas , Schuppert Anna , Andres Britta , Andersson Henrik , Forsberg Sven , Schmidt Wolfgang , Nilsson Hans-Erik , Andersson Mattias , Zhang Renyun , Olin Håkan
Published: July 2015

Coated paper substrates were custom-designed and shown to assist low-temperature sintering of inkjet-printed silver films. A built-in active sintering agent induced room-temperature sintering.
Dihydroxycoumarins as highly selective fluorescent probes for the fast detection of 4-hydroxy-TEMPO in aqueous solution
Authors: Żamojć K. , Zdrowowicz M. , Wiczk W. , Jacewicz D. , Chmurzyński L.
Published: July 2015

Dihydroxycoumarins are found to be highly selective fluorescent probes for the fast detection of 4-hydroxy-TEMPO in aqueous solution.
Gallic acid and methyl-3-O-methyl gallate: a comparative study on their effects on prostate cancer stem cells
Authors: Civenni G. , Iodice M. G. , Nabavi S. F. , Habtemariam S. , Nabavi S. M. , Catapano C. V. , Daglia M.
Published: July 2015

The study shows the different ability of gallic acid and methyl-3-O-methyl gallate to inhibit NF-κB activity and the growth of PCa cells with stem-like properties.
Glycerol as a leveler on ZK60 magnesium alloys during plasma electrolytic oxidation
Authors: Qiu Zhaozhong , Zhang Yushen , Li Yuemei , Sun Jinchao , Wang Rui , Wu Xiaohong
Published: July 2015

Glycerol (C3H8O3), an organic waste generated by the biodiesel industry, has recently been proposed as a valuable green additive.
An environmentally-friendly enzyme-based nanofibrous membrane for 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol removal
Authors: Xu Ran , Tang Rongzhi , Liu Sijia , Li Fengting , Zhang Bingru
Published: July 2015

Immobilization of HRP on NCC-incorporated CS/PVA membranes and its application in TBBPA removal.
Solvent extraction of palladium(ii) with newly synthesized asymmetric branched alkyl sulfoxides from hydrochloric acid
Authors: Huang Yixian , Tong Yu , Wang Chen , Tang Ke , Yang Yanzhao
Published: July 2015

A group of new asymmetric branched alkyl sulfoxides was synthesized and applied in palladium(ii) extraction for the first time.
In vivo reversal of general anesthesia by cucurbit[7]uril with zebrafish models
Authors: Chen Huanxian , Chan Judy Y. W. , Li Shengke , Liu Jessica J. , Wyman Ian W. , Lee Simon M. Y. , Macartney Donal H. , Wang Ruibing
Published: July 2015

We demonstrate for the first time that cucurbit[7]uril effectively reversed general anesthesia induced by tricaine in zebrafish models.
TNPs as a novel fluorescent sensor for the selective recognition of fast green FCF: a spectrofluorimetric approach
Authors: Dalavi Dattatray K. , Kamble Avinash , Bhopate Dhanaji P. , Mahajan Prasad G. , Kolekar Govind B. , Patil Shivajirao R.
Published: July 2015

The fast green FCF dye adsorbed over the surface of the CTAB stabilized tetracene nanoparticles (TNPs) forms a stable, non-fluorescent ground state complex and quenches fluorescence of nanoparticle sensor.
In vitro study of a pH-sensitive multifunctional doxorubicin–gold nanoparticle system: therapeutic effect and surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Lee Kate Y. J. , Wang Yiqing , Nie Shuming
Published: July 2015

A pH-sensitive multifunctional doxorubicin–gold nanoparticle drug delivery system, which has the potential to detect and treat tumors, was developed.
Facile synthesis and photovoltaic applications of a new alkylated bismethano fullerene as electron acceptor for high open circuit voltage solar cells
Authors: Baran Derya , Erten-Ela Sule , Kratzer Andreas , Ameri Tayebeh , Brabec Christoph J. , Hirsch Andreas
Published: July 2015

In this work, a bis-adduct C60 derivative was facilely synthesized using an alkyl solubilizing group. This semiconductor offers a higher LUMO level compared to PCBM, which resulted in a significantly enhanced Voc of 0.73 V in organic solar cells.
Construction of benzo[a]carbazole derivatives via Diels–Alder reaction of arynes with vinylindoles
Authors: Wu Lijun , Huang Hui , Dang Pan , Liang Yun , Pi Shaofeng
Published: July 2015

A protocol for high-efficiency and versatile Diels–Alder reaction of vinylindoles with arynes has been developed. Various functionalized benzo[a]carbazoles were afforded in good to perfect yieldsvia[4 + 2] cycloaddition/aromatization.
Activity landscape sweeping: insights into the mechanism of inhibition and optimization of DNMT1 inhibitors
Authors: Naveja J. Jesús , Medina-Franco José L.
Published: July 2015

Inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases have distinct structure–activity relationships as revealed by the activity landscape sweeping study discussed in this work.
Crystal structure, thermal decomposition, mechanical sensitivity of Na[CL-14·2H2O] and its catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate
Authors: Cheng Jian , Dong Yan , Ma Hui , Li Lixia , Liu Zuliang , Zhao Fengqi , Xu Siyu
Published: July 2015

This work reported the crystal structure, thermal decomposition, mechanical sensitivity and catalytic property of the sodium complex of 5,7-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan.
Dielectric-dependent electron transfer behaviour of cobalt hexacyanides in a solid solution of sodium chloride
Authors: Huang Di , Zhu Yiliang , Su Ya-Qiong , Zhang Jie , Han Lianhuan , Wu De-Yin , Tian Zhong-Qun , Zhan Dongping
Published: July 2015

The electron transfer behavior of cobalt hexacyanide is obtained in a solid solution of sodium chloride due to the low dielectric environment.
NHC-catalysed benzoin condensation – is it all down to the Breslow intermediate?
Authors: Rehbein Julia , Ruser Stephanie-M. , Phan Jenny
Published: July 2015

The NHC-catalysed benzoin condensation has been studied mechanistically by a combination of experimental and computational chemistry. The presented EPR-spectroscopic and computational data provide evidence for a radical pair as a potential second key-intermediate that is derived from the Breslow-intermediate via an SET process.
Reactive modeling of the initial stages of alkoxysilane polycondensation: effects of precursor molecule structure and solution composition
Authors: Deetz Joshua D. , Faller Roland
Published: July 2015

Reactive molecular dynamics simulations are used to model polycondensation of alkoxysilanes in solution. Different precursor monomers are compared and steric effects on polycondensation kinetics are observed. The impact of the alcohol and water composition in solution are explored.
Hydrodynamic instability in a magnetically driven suspension of paramagnetic red blood cells
Authors: Kashevsky B. E. , Zholud A. M. , Kashevsky S. B.
Published: July 2015

Visualization of magnetically driven paramagnetic red blood cells in a Hele-Shaw channel reveals a transition from single-particle to collective motion mode as the cell concentration increases.
Effect of fluid–colloid interactions on the mobility of a thermophoretic microswimmer in non-ideal fluids
Authors: Fedosov Dmitry A. , Sengupta Ankush , Gompper Gerhard
Published: July 2015

Thermophoretic Janus colloids offer promising prospects as artificial microswimmers. Their swimming behavior is investigated numerically for different fluid–colloid interactions, boundary conditions, and temperature-controlling strategies in non-ideal and ideal-gas-like fluids.
Thermodynamic stability and transport properties of tavorite LiFeSO4F as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xie Ying , Yu Hai-Tao , Yi Ting-Feng , Wang Qi , Song Qing-Shan , Lou Ming , Zhu Yan-Rong
Published: July 2015

LiFeSO4F and FeSO4F exhibit high thermodynamic stability, excellent ionic conductance and poor electronic conductivities.
Hierarchical mesoporous/macroporous Co3O4 ultrathin nanosheets as free-standing catalysts for rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Wu Feng , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zhao Taolin , Chen Renjie , Ye Yusheng , Xie Man , Li Li
Published: July 2015

Hierarchical mesoporous/macroporous ultrathin Co3O4 nanosheets were synthesized as free-standing catalysts for Li–O2 batteries. Morphology of Li2O2 could be changed by controlling the shape of catalysts..
Boron ketoiminate-based conjugated polymers with tunable AIE behaviours and their applications for cell imaging
Authors: Dai Chunhui , Yang Dongliang , Zhang Wenjie , Fu Xiao , Chen Qingmin , Zhu Chengjian , Cheng Yixiang , Wang Lianhui
Published: July 2015

A series of AIE-active D–A type conjugated polymers incorporating boron ketoiminate units were synthesized and applied for cell imaging.
Self-healing and phase behavior of liquid crystalline elastomer based on a block copolymer constituted of a side-chain liquid crystalline polymer and a hydrogen bonding block
Authors: Yan Miao , Tang Jun , Xie He-Lou , Ni Bin , Zhang Hai-Liang , Chen Er-Qiang
Published: July 2015

Self-healing liquid crystalline elastomers were fabricated by hydrogen-bonding and the hydrogen bonds in this system played an important role both in self-healing property and the liquid crystalline phase behavior.
Glycol modified gadolinium oxide nanoparticles as a potential template for selective and sensitive detection of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Chaudhary Savita , Kumar Sandeep , Mehta S. K.
Published: July 2015

A Gd2O3 nanoparticle-based highly efficient and simplistic fluorescence sensor for PNP.
Formation of the ether lipids archaetidylglycerol and archaetidylethanolamine in Escherichia coli
Authors: Caforio Antonella , Jain Samta , Fodran Peter , Siliakus Melvin , Minnaard Adriaan J. , van der Oost John , Driessen Arnold J.M.
Published: July 2015

In archaea, the membrane phospholipids consist of isoprenoid hydrocarbon chains that are ether-linked to a sn-glycerol1-phosphate backbone. This unique structure is believed to be vital for the adaptation of these micro-organisms to extreme environments, but it also reflects an evolutionary marker that distinguishes archaea from bacteria and eukaryotes. CDP–archaeol is the central precursor for polar head group attachment. We examined various bacterial enzymes involved in the attachment of L-serine and glycerol as polar head groups for their promiscuity in recognizing CDP–archaeol as a substrate. Using a combination of mutated bacterial and archaeal enzymes, archaetidylethanolamine (AE) and archaetidylglycerol (AG) could be produced in vitro using nine purified enzymes while starting from simple building blocks. The ether lipid pathway constituted by a set of archaeal and bacterial enzymes was introduced into Escherichia coli, which resulted in the biosynthesis of AE and AG. This is a further step in the reprogramming of E. coli for ether lipid biosynthesis.
Controller scheduling for continued SDN operation under DDoS attacks
Authors: Lim Sungheon , Yang Seungnam , Kim Younghwa , Yang Sunhee , Kim Hyogon
Published: July 2015

There exists a way that attackers can identify software defined networks (SDNs). Knowing the vulnerabilities of a SDN, the attackers can mount a saturation attack on the SDN controller with the aim of incapacitating the entire SDN. Therefore, the controller should have an architecture to weather out such an attack while continuing operation. A scheduling‐based architecture is proposed for the SDN controller that leads to effective attack confinement and network protection during denial of service (DoS) attacks.
Design and implementation of a linear quadratic regulator controlled active power conditioner for effective source utilisation and voltage regulation in low‐power wind energy conversion systems
Authors: Nallusamy Subashini , Velayutham Dharmalingam , Govindarajan Uma
Published: July 2015

Power electronic converters play a major role in wind energy conversion systems (WECS). A typical variable speed WECS includes wind turbine, permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and power conditioners. In this study, a three‐phase modular boost converter supplied from a PMSG and controlled using a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is proposed for battery charging applications. Each phase of PMSG is connected to a single phase diode rectifier and a DC–DC boost converter. All boost converters have a common output capacitor and load. The proportional–integral‐based voltage controller provides voltage regulation on the DC side. A fixed frequency LQR‐based current controller applied for the individual phases provides a better three‐phase source utilisation. The instantaneous pq theory is adopted for the reference current calculation. Extensive simulation studies based on the models developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK reveal that the proposed system performs satisfactorily for step variations in wind speed and load. The performance of the low power prototype developed and controlled using a dSPACE 1104 digital signal processor shows good output voltage regulation and better source utilisation for wide variations in load.
Structure of boost DC‐link cascaded multilevel inverter for uninterrupted power supply applications
Authors: Uthirasamy Ramasami , Ragupathy Uthandipalayam Subramaniyam , Kumar Chinnaiyan Venkatachalam
Published: July 2015

In this study, a structure of single‐phase seven‐level boost DC‐link cascaded multilevel inverter (BDCLCMLI) is proposed. It consists of boost converter, DC‐link module and H‐bridge inverter. Compared with conventional CMLI and two level H‐bridge inverter configurations, the proposed system results in reduction of voltage stress across the inverter switches, reduced power switches, DC source count and gate drive requirements. DC‐link switching is achieved by multicarrier sinusoidal pulse‐width modulation technique which results in improved quality of obtained output AC power. Reduction in DC source and switch count makes the system more cost effective. A simulation and prototype model of seven‐level BDCLCMLI system is developed and its performance is analysed for various operating conditions.
Tuning the Light Absorption of Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers: Effects of Side Chains and ‘Spacer' Units in Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-Fluorene Copolymers
Authors: Mulholland Michael E. , Konkol Kristine L. , Anderson Trent E. , Schwiderski Ryan L. , Rasmussen Seth C.
Published: July 2015

Four donor–acceptor (D-A) copolymers of 2,3-difunctionalized thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TP) and 9,9-dioctylfluorene were prepared in order to illustrate the ability to tune the electronic and optical properties of TP-based D-A polymers by the choice of side chains on the TP unit. In addition, analogous polymers were prepared with and without thiophene spacer units in order to allow discussion of their effect on the material properties. This combination of effects allowed tuning of the band gap over the range of 1.6–2.1 eV. Full optical and electrochemical characterization is reported for all materials, as well as initial photovoltaic device data for representative materials.