bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decreasing Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii in Rīga East University Hospital / Multirezistentās Acinetobacter Baumannii Izplatības Mazināšanās Rīgas Austrumu Klīniskajā Universitātes Slimnīcā
Authors: Liepiņš Māris , Sīmanis Raimonds , Lejnieks Aivars
Published: August 2016

There has been an increasing tendency of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), including multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB), in the Rīga East University Hospital (REUH) during the last decade. Over the last two years (2014-2015), this tendency has reversed and the prevalence of MDRAB has decreased considerably. In this study we assessed the prevalence of MDRAB in intensive care units (ICUs), internal medicine, surgery units and analysed antibiotic sensitivity profiles. In addition, we determined if current infection control measures are preventing further increase of infections caused by MDRAB in REUH.

Retrospective Acinetobacter baumannii prevalence data were collected for the period from 2009 until 2012. For the time period from the beginning of 2013 until 2015, after implementing such infection control measures as control of compliance to hand hygiene guidelines, a review of central venous catheter insertion protocols and regular search for sources of MDRAB in hospital environment, prospective follow-up of new cases was conducted. Antimicrobial sensitivity profiles were assessed for the period from 2013 until 2015. Data were processed with the statistical software WHONET 5.5. Bacteria identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed by VITEK 2 compact, BioMerieux, France. The prevalence of MDRAB in the period 2009 to 2013 increased from 71 to 217 cases per year, but from between 2013 (time of implementing infection control measures) and 2015 it decreased to 113 cases in 2015. In the three year period (2013-2015), the proportion of MDRAB causing bloodstream infections (BSI) and central nervous system infections (CNSI) was 15.85% from all identified MDRAB cases. Of the 113 MDRAB infections diagnosed in 2015, BSI was found in 16.81% cases (n = 19). Antibiotic resistance testing showed that colistin is the most effective drug against MDRAB. The majority of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were resistant to Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Imipenem, Meropenem, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, and Ciprofloxacin. Over the last two years (2014-2015), prevalence of MDRAB infections decreased considerably. In the time period from 2013 to 2014, resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii increased to imipenem, ciprofloxacin and colistin, while decreased slightly to amikacin. Rigorous infection control measures, such as identification and elimination of new MDRAB sources in environment, review of the central venous catheter insertion protocol and improvements in hand hygiene, are crucial for decreasing distribution of and invasive infections caused by MDRAB in the hospital environment.
The impact of gastroesophageal reflux in the ENT pathology
Authors: Melinte Violeta , Sarafoleanu Codrut
Published: August 2016

Frequently encountered in medical practice, the gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a chronic condition characterized by the passage of gastric acid or gastric contents into the esophagus. In otorhinolaryngology, the diagnosis of pharyngo-laryngeal or rhinosinusal inflammatory conditions secondary to GER is one of exclusion and it is based on a detailed anamnesis in which we are interested in symptoms, behavioural and medical risk factors, on the ENT clinical examination, the laryngo-fibroscopical assessment, the phoniatric examination, the barite pharyngo-esogastric exam, the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and the esophageal manometry.

The authors are making a systematization of the contribution of the gastroesophageal reflux has in the ENT pathology, emphasising the sympytoms and the most frequent associated pathological entities.
Turbulent intensity and scales of turbulence after hydraulic jump in rectangular channel
Authors: Kozioł Adam , Urbański Janusz , Kiczko Adam , Krukowski Marcin , Siwicki Piotr
Published: August 2016

Turbulent intensity and scales of turbulence after hydraulic jump in rectangular channel. Experimental research was undertaken to investigate the changes in spatial turbulence intensity and scales of turbulent eddies (macroeddies) in a rectangular channel and the influence of the hydraulic jump on vertical, lateral and streamwise distributions of relative turbulence intensity and scales of turbulent eddies. The results of three tests for different discharges are presented. An intensive turbulent mixing that arises as a result of a hydraulic jump has a significant effect on instantaneous velocity, turbulent intensities and sizes of eddies, as well as their vertical and longitudinal distributions. In the analysed case the most noticeable changes appeared up to 0.5 m downstream the hydraulic jump. In the vertical dimension such an effect was especially seen near the surface. The smallest streamwise sizes of macroeddies were present near the surface, maximum at the depth of z/h = 0.6 and from that point sizes were decreasing towards the bottom. The intensive turbulent mixing within the hydraulic jump generates macroeddies of small sizes.
Effective microorganisms impact on photosynthetic activity of Arabidopsis plant grown under salinity stress conditions
Authors: Kalaji Hazem M. , Cetner Magdalena D. , Samborska Izabela A. , Lukasik Izabela , Oukarroum Abdallah , Rusinowski Szymon , Pietkiewicz Stefan , Świątek Michał , Dąbrowski Piotr
Published: August 2016

Effective microorganisms impact on photosynthetic activity of Arabidopsis plant grown under salinity stress conditions. Salinity is one of the main abiotic stressors which affects plant growth through various physiological processes such as photosynthesis. The aim of this work is to study the impact of salinity stress on Arabidopsis plants by evaluating plant growth rate and photosynthetic activity, while investigating the influence of effective microorganisms (EMs) with the objective to determine if EMs could alleviate the induced stress affiliated with salinity. Results showed that salinity negatively affects photosynthesis efficiency in Arabidopsis plants based on the data obtained from the measured chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Additionally, application of EMs enhanced plant tolerance to counteract the induced stress. Effective microorganisms concentration of 10 mL/L suggested to bring about the best results. This work advocates, that quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) is a reliable indicator for tolerance in Arabidopsis plants to salinity stress, the impact of which may be softened by the EMs.
Limit Theorems for k-Subadditive Lattice Group-Valued Capacities in The Filter Convergence Setting
Authors: Boccuto Antonio , Dimitriou Xenofon
Published: August 2016

We investigate some properties of lattice group-valued positive, monotone and k-subadditive set functions, and in particular, we give some comparisons between regularity and continuity from above. Moreover, we prove different kinds of limit theorems with respect to filter convergence. Furthermore, some open problems are posed.
On Local Problem of Entropy for Functions from Zahorski Classes
Authors: Korczak-Kubiak Ewa , Loranty Anna , Pawlak Ryszard J.
Published: August 2016

We investigate some properties of functions belonging to the Zahorski classes. In particular, we answer the question: Is it possible to find close to a function from ith Zahorski class (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) a function belonging to exactly the same Zahorski class and having a special (local) properties connected with the entropy?
No Problem
Authors: Fried Michael
Published: August 2016

This essay is a reflection on the supposed difficulties of “description” in the writing of art history and art criticism.
Frequency‐dependent selection: a diversifying force in microbial populations
Authors: Charlebois Daniel A , Balázsi Gábor
Published: August 2016

The benefits of “bet‐hedging” strategies have been assumed to be the main cause of phenotypic diversity in biological populations. However, in their recent work, Healey et al () provide experimental support for negative frequency‐dependent selection (NFDS) as an alternative driving force of diversity. NFDS favors rare phenotypes over common ones, resulting in an evolutionarily stable mixture of phenotypes that is not necessarily optimal for population growth.
New mosquito records (Diptera: Culicidae) from northwestern Argentina
Authors: Linares Mario A. , Laurito Magdalena , Visintín Andrés M. , Rossi Gustavo C. , Stein Marina , Almirón Walter R.
Published: August 2016

The geographic distributions of Aedes casali, Ae. meprai, Culex acharistus, Cx. bidens, Cx. coronator, Cx. dolosus, Cx. saltanensis, Cx. imitator, Haemagogus janthin­omys and Psorophora cyanescens are extended. This contribution updates the mosquito fauna listed for Argentina, increasing the number of species for the provinces of Jujuy, La Rioja and Santiago del Estero from 55 to 62, 22 to 25 and 25 to 26, respectively. Data on collection localities, habitat of immature stages, and health importance are also presented.
Distribution extension for Anolis gruuo Köhler, Ponce, Sunyer and Batista, 2007 (Reptilia: Squamata: Dactyloidae) in the Comarca Ngöbe-Buglé of western Panama, and first records from Veraguas province
Authors: Lotzkat Sebastian , Stadler Leonhard , Batista Abel , Hertz Andreas , Ponce Marcos , Hamad Nadim , Köhler Gunther
Published: August 2016

We report on new localities for Anolis gruuo Köhler, Ponce, Sunyer and Batista, 2007 along the Serranía de Tabasará in the Comarca Ngöbe-Buglé and Veraguas province of western Panama. These records extend the known geographic distribution of this lizard about 80 km eastward, and the known vertical distribution approximately 40 m lower and 630 m higher. We provide photos of specimens from different localities and comment on their morphology. Only the easternmost populations of this Panamanian endemic live inside a protected area.
Distribution extension of Hyalinobatrachium cappellei (van Lidth de Jeude, 1904) (Anura: Centrolenidae) across Central Amazonia
Authors: Simões Pedro Ivo , Kaefer Igor Luis , Gomes Felipe Bittioli Rodrigues , Lima Albertina Pimentel
Published: August 2016

We report the occurrence of the centrolenid frog Hyalinobatrachium cappellei in Careiro, Amazonas, Brazil (Central Amazonia). Our records reduce a gap of approximately 1,500 km between the closest known records for this glassfrog, and confirm H. cappellei as geographically widespread in the Amazon Basin.
Range extension of Cavia tschudii Fitzinger, 1867 (Mammalia: Caviidae) and first record in Catamarca, northwestern Argentina
Authors: Ortiz Pablo E. , Jayat J. Pablo
Published: August 2016

We report the first record of the genus Cavia and the species Cavia tschudii (Rodentia, Caviidae) in Catamarca province, northwestern Argentina, which represents a range extension of about 110 km southward for the species. The cranial and dental remains were recovered from an owl pellet sample found in eastern slopes of the Ambato range, at 1600 m elevation, in a highland grasslands-Chaco Serrano ecotone. According to the environmental continuity along the Ambato range, we suggest that the presence of C. tschudii in southernmost Catamarca and northern La Rioja province is likely.
Hydrodynastes melanogigas Franco, Fernandes and Bentim, 2007 (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae): Range extension and new state record
Authors: Da Silva Jr. Nelson Jorge , Hamdan Breno , Tonial Itamar Jr. , Da Silva Hélder Lúcio R. , Cintra Carlos Eduardo D.
Published: August 2016

Two specimens of the poorly known Colubridae snake Hydrodynastes melanogigas were collected in the municipality of Carolina, southwestern state of Maranhão in gallery forests on the Tocantins River. These records represent the northernmost locality for the species.
New records and distribution extensions of centrolenid frogs for Venezuela
Authors: Rojas-Runjaic Fernando J. M. , Infante-Rivero Edwin E. , Cabello Pedro
Published: August 2016

We report the first record of Centrolene notostictum for Venezuela, the first records of Centrolene venezuelense and Hyalinobatrachium pallidum for Zulia state, and extend the distribution of Hyalinobatrachium tatayoi and Espadarana andina based on specimens coming from the eastern versant of the Sierra de Perijá in northwestern Venezuela. The altitudinal ranges of all species are extended, and comments and notes on natural history provided.
Geographic range extension to Wyoming, USA, for Paraleptophlebia praepedita (Eaton, 1884) (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)
Authors: Garlick Ashley , Kondratieff Boris C. , Jacobus Luke M.
Published: August 2016

New distribution data from Carbon Co., Wyoming, extend the USA range of Paraleptophlebia praepedita (Eaton, 1884) westwards, with the nearest records being from eastern Iowa, Minnesota and Missouri. The new record is based on male adults collected from riparian vegetation. Paraleptophlebia praepedita is one of at least five predominantly eastern North American aquatic insect species with disjunct populations in the uranium mining areas of the western North Platte River drainage.
A novel flexible barrier for landslide impact in centrifuge
Authors: Ng C. W. W. , Song D. , Choi C. E. , Koo R. C. H. , Kwan J. S. H.
Published: August 2016

Experimental investigations aimed at understanding the impact mechanism of debris-resisting flexible barriers have been hindered by limitations associated with small-scale modelling and poor temporal predictability of real landslide debris events. The geotechnical centrifuge provides a means to simulate landslide impact by scaling the flow volume, impact energy and stress state appropriately. Nonetheless, a technical challenge remains in simulating large non-linear deformation of flexible barriers observed in a prototype. In this letter, the development and verification of a novel model flexible barrier for centrifuge testing are described. This model barrier consists of a series of spring elements to simplify the complex loading behaviour and to capture the key bilinear load–displacement response of a prototype flexible barrier. By measuring the dynamic response of barrier cables, no obvious peak impact load was captured. The shear strength of dry granular flow results in an attenuating pileup impact mechanism. It is apparent that the geometry of the debris front has a strong influence on impact response. In addition, as debris impacts and deposits behind the barrier, the debris–barrier interaction results in an active failure mode of the deposited material, which is a surrogate of reduced pressure acting on the barrier.
Drugs in sport — testing results from the South African Laboratory 1995 - 2002
Authors: Van der Merwe PJ
Published: August 2016

Objective. To summarise the results of the past 8 years obtained at the South African Doping Control Laboratory and to compare the results with international statistics. Method. Screening procedures were performed on 14 017 urine samples collected from competitors in 54 different sporting codes during the period 1995 - 2002. Samples were analysed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the presence of prohibited substances, which are listed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Results. The results obtained were compared with those of the IOC-accredited laboratories. Prohibited substances were detected in 300 samples (2.14%), of which 45.6% contained anabolic agents and 34.6% stimulants. The positive samples from the IOC laboratories contained 58.7% anabolic agents and 20.8% stimulants. Testosterone and nandrolone were the anabolic agents most frequently detected in positive samples, both in South Africa and internationally. The ephedrines as a group accounted for most stimulants detected in positive samples. Conclusion. It is of concern that the percentage of positive samples (2.14%) obtained in our laboratory is higher than the 1.70% in IOC laboratories. It is therefore necessary that doping control to curb the use of prohibited substances should continue and expand. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol.16(1) 2004: 29-32
PROFIL CERITA ANAK DAN MEDIA BONEKA TANGAN DALAM METODE BERCERITA BERKARAKTER UNTUK SISWA SD
Authors: Sulianto Joko , Untari Mei Fita Asri , Yulianti Fitri
Published: August 2016

Kegiatan bercerita bagi siswa merupakan aktivitas inti yang identik dengan dunia mereka. Dalam kegiatan bercerita, terdapat kedekatan emosional antara siswa dengan pendongeng. Dalam hal ini adalah guru dan orang tua siswa. Bercerita merupakan aktivitas gabungan antara kegiatan menyimak, berbicara, berimajinasi, yang penuh dengan kedekatan empati antara kedua belah pihak. Kriteria cerita anak adalah (1) dituturkan/diceritakan oleh orang dewasa, (2) bertokoh manusia dan berusia anak-anak,
jika ada tokoh dewasa sebagai penyampai sikap yang salah dan benar, (3) bertema petualangan, misteri/sihir, dan tolong menolong, (4) latar cerita di tempat yang dapat dijumpai anak-anak dalam kehidupan nyata (lapangan, pegunungan, sawah, pasar, dan rumah), (5) beralur/jalan cerita yang yang lurus atau runtut, (6) jenis cerita bersumber dari kisah nyata atau cerita yang terinspirasi dari kisah nyata, dan (7) amanat harus mengandung nilai-nilai yang positif. Anak akan membayangkannya karena latar, tokoh, dan konflik seolah-olah nyata atau dekat dengan anak. Media Boneka Tangan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa dan guru adalah media boneka tangan yang terbuat dari kain flanel dan kain katun, berukuran sedang atau sesuai dengan ukuran tangan, dan memiliki warna yang cerah sehingga menarik.
PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN BLENDED LEARNING UNTUK PROGRAM PELATIHAN PENDALAMAN MATERI IPA BERBASIS KEBUTUHAN MAHASISWA PGSD
Authors: Putri Suci Utami
Published: August 2016

Kurikulum 2013 untuk pendidikan sekolah dasar yang sekarang diterapkan di Indonesia menekankan pada model pembelajaran tematik dengan menggunakan pendekatan ilmiah. Penerapan kurikulum ini telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran tertentu pada guru dan guru siswa sekolah dasar. Kurangnya kepercayaan diri dan kurangnya penguasaan konsep ilmu pengetahuan dengan guru siswa, terutama mereka yang utama adalah nonscience departemen memiliki potensi untuk mempengaruhi kualitas pengajaran ilmu tematik ketika mereka melaksanakan tugas mereka di masa depan. Pengembangan
pemahaman mendalam dari ilmu Program pelatihan material dan relevansinya dengan kurikulum 2013 dengan menggunakan model blended learning dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Blended learning adalah strategi pembelajaran yang menggabungkan interaksi offline atau online dengan interaksi pembelajaran tatap muka. Program pelatihan untuk pemahaman mendalam tentang materi ilmu menggunakan model blended learning diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan diri, penguasaan konsep ilmu pengetahuan, dan kemampuan untuk merancang pembelajaran sains tematik untuk SD guru siswa sekolah.
OPTIMALISASI PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PADA “KURIKULUM 2013” MENGGUNAKAN STRATEGI 3M DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Asyiah Nur , Sunanto Liyana
Published: August 2016

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan perangkat pembelajaran (silabus, RPP, dan lembar kerja siswa) untuk pendidikan karakter dengan menggunakan strategi 3M (Knowing Moral, Moral Feeling, and Moral Action) pada kurikulum tahun 2013, dan melihat efektivitas perangkat pembelajaran untuk membentuk karakter peserta didik. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi-eksperimental grup kontrol pre test-post test. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN 3 dan SDN 1 klangenan Sumber untuk siswa kelas IV. Efektivitas perangkat pembelajaran yang dibuat dilihat dari hasil belajar siswa, penilaian
karakter, dan respon siswa untuk belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran kurikulum 2013 dengan menggunakan strategi 3M efektif untuk meningkatkan karakter siswa.
PERKEMBANGAN MUTAKHIR PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INDONESIA: KURIKULUM 2013 SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Wulan Neneng Sri
Published: August 2016

Meskipun perubahan kurikulum dimaksudkan untuk mengembangkan pendidikan ke arah yang lebih baik, namun dalam proses pelaksanaannya tetap mengalami permasalahan. Banyak hal yang menyebabkan terjadinya hal tersebut. Salah satunya adalah kurang pemahaman mengenai ihwal kurikulum 2013, khususnya untuk pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Masih banyak guru sekolah dasar yang belum menguasai, bahkan memahami hal tersebut. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan di provinsi Banten, hampir 50% guru sekolah dasar belum memahami ihwal pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dalam kurikulum 2013. Hal tersebut tentu sangat disayangkan, karena guru merupakan salah satu tonggak keberhasilan pendidikan. Bila guru belum memahami dan menguasai kurikulum yang harus diaplikasikannya di dalam kelas, tentu hal tersebut akan berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, pembahasan mengenai pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia untuk sekolah dasar berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013 tentu sangat penting dan dibutuhkan bagi para praktisi, khususnya yang bergelut di dunia sekolah dasar. Pembahasan mengenai pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013 diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu pintu untuk membuka wawasan, pemahaman, dan penguasaan, yang nantinya akan berdampak pada hasil pembelajaran yang lebih maksimal.
PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA SUNDA DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN: DILEMA IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Pramswari Lungguh Puri
Published: August 2016

Kurikulum 2013 menyediakan fleksibilitas untuk semua praktisi pendidikan formal untuk terus mengembangkan konten lokal sebagai sebuah bentuk kekayaan khas daerah yang perlu dijaga dan dilestarikan. Salah satu muatan lokal yang keberadaannya memiliki nilai-nilai penting adalah Bahasa Sunda. Pengajaran Bahasa Sunda di daerah di mana didasarkan pada budaya Sunda yang kuat, tidak akan menghadapi banyak kendala. Namun, di sudut-sudut daerah yang notabene merupakan kota/kabupaten dengan kondisi demografis yang sangat heterogen, tentu saja mengajar Bahasa Sunda akan penuh dengan tantangan. Sebagai contoh, di daerah yang berbatasan dengan budaya lain seperti Betawi dan Jawa, karena fleksibilitas budaya, masyarakat Sunda akan dipengaruhi oleh bahasa dan budaya Betawi atau Jawa. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di perbatasan kota Bogor, pada pelaksanaan kurikulum 2013, yang terus mengembangkan konten Bahasa Sunda untuk membekali siswa dengan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap khas budaya Sunda yang sesuai dengan
kearifan lokal. Namun di sisi lain, bertabrakan dengan dilema, di mana masyarakat perbatasan sangat heterogen, sehingga budaya dan bahasa Sunda tidak terpelihara dengan baik.
ANALISIS PENYAJIAN PANDUAN PEMBELAJARAN LITERASI SAINS DALAM BUKU TEMATIK TERPADU KELAS IV KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Rahayu Ai Hayati
Published: August 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana aspek literasi sains yang terdiri dari ilmu sebagai body knowledge, ilmu pengetahuan sebagai cara menyelidiki, ilmu pengetahuan sebagai cara berpikir, dan interaksi antara teknologi sains dan masyarakat yang disajikan dalam buku guru. Sumber data penelitian adalah buku tematik guru kelas IV tema 3 tentang peduli terhadap makhluk hidup. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk menggambarkan aspek literasi sains. Analisis menggunakan instrumen yang diadopsi dari Chiapetta, Sethna dan Filman di Padayache. Hasil analisis menunjukkan dua temuan penting: 1) aspek ilmu sebagai tubuh pengetahuan yang memiliki persentase tertinggi dari tiga aspek; 2) Tidak semua indikator aspek yang ditemukan dalam buku panduan guru.
MENINGKATKAN ECOLITERACY SISWA SD MELALUI METODE FIELD-TRIP KEGIATAN EKONOMI PADA MATA PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Authors: Nugraha Rana Gustian
Published: August 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk dapat meningkatkan ecoliteracy siswa melalui metode field-trip dampak kegiatan ekonomi yaitu berupa limbah tahu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pengamatan dalam bentuk metode filed-trip ke pabrik tahu dan lingkungan sekolah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (clasroom action research) pada siswa kelas IV SDN Lembur Situ Kecamatan Sumedang Utara. Indikator ecoliteracy penelitian ini adalah menggunakan indikator dari Thomas Lickona (2012) yang didalamnya terdapat aspek pengetahuan, kesadaran dan aplikasi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi secara langsung berupa lembar observasi siswa, lembar wawancara, lembar kerja siswa, alat tes evaluasi dan lembar catatan lapangan yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data melalui catatan dalam bentuk format dan daftar isian yang dilakukan oleh penulis dan mitra peneliti sebagai observer. Pelaksanaan penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan tiga siklus. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatnya pemahaman, kesadaran dan aplikasi siswa terhadap ecoliteracy.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE DISCOVERY BERBASIS MEDIA REALITA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATAKULIAH KONSEP DASAR IPA 1
Authors: Atmojo Idam Ragil Widianto
Published: August 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh penggunaan metode discovery berbasis media realita terhadap hasil belajar matakuliah Konsep Dasar IPA 1 apabila dibandingkan dengan yang diajar menggunakan pembelajaran langsung berbasis power point (PPT). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif jenis eksperimen menggunakan metode eksperimen semu (Quasi Experimental Design). Design penelitian yang digunakan adalah Control Group Pre-tets Post-test. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa program studi PGSD FKIP UNS semester II tahun akademik 2013/2014. Cluster Random Sampling digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji prasyarat analisis data dan uji hipotesis. Untuk uji prasyarat meliputi uji normalitas dengan metode chi-kuadrat dan uji homogenitas dengan metode Bartlett. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terhadap uji t menunjukkan t hitung > t tabel (3,599 > 2,001), sehingga H 0 ditolak. Dengan demikian terdapat pengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar matakuliah konsep dasar IPA 1 mahasiswa semester II yang diajar menggunakan metode discovery berbasis media realita. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar matakuliah konsep dasar IPA 1 pada mahasiswa yang diajar dengan metode discovery berbasis media realita lebih baik dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa yang diajar dengan pembelajaran langsung berbasis power point.
PERSPEKTIF GURU SEKOLAH DASAR TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PILKADA DI KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN
Authors: Kurnia Dadang
Published: August 2016

Pangandaran Regency is one of the regencies in Indonesia which youngest age as a result of the expansion area. Therefore, the local elections have been conducted in Pangandaran. Through this article, in which the data collection is done through observation and interviews. The researchers sought to examine the implementation of the local elections are based on the perspective of primary school teachers and other citizens. The study states that the organization of the elections took place safely, and there are about 239 475 votes or people who cast. Because this election is the first election and also in an atmosphere where community ownership seems to have its own area, the enthusiasm of citizens was so great.
The leaf anatomical features of some Rosa species in relation to their drought resistance
Authors: Nuzhyna N. , Tkachuk O.
Published: August 2016

The leaf anatomy of species of the genus Rosa: R. donetzica, R. kokanica, R. roxburhii, R. rugosa, R. spinosissima was studied. It was found that the plants R. donetzica and R. kokanica have very low drought tolerance by the anatomical structure. The plants of species R. rugosin and R. spinosissima have most xeromorphy features.
Effect of imidazolinium salts bearing hydroxy substituents on palladium-catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck coupling reactions
Authors: Morel Adam , Trzeciak Anna
Published: August 2016

Palladium anionic complexes with imidazolinium cations containing hydroxyl substituents were used as catalyst precursors in the Suzuki–Miyaura and the Heck cross-coupling. High activity of anionic complexes was noted in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of 2-bromotoluene with phenylboronic acid at 40 oC in 2-propanol and a 2-propanol/water mixture using conventional heating or microwaves. Similarly, bromonaphtalene and iodonaphtalene reacted efficiently with naphtylboronic acid and 4-methylnaphtylboronic acid. A remarkably lower activity was noted when anionic palladium complexes were employed in the Heck coupling of 2,3-dihydrofuran with iodobenzene. An increase in conversion in the Heck reaction was achieved when Pd(OAc)2 was used as a catalyst precursor together with imidazolinium salts as co-catalysts.
Paradigms of Research for the 21st Century: Perspectives and Examples from Practice
Authors: Howard Patrick
Published: August 2016

No Abstract available
Lactation Support and Breast Milk Management
Authors: Barbas Kimberly H. , Mudgett Lauren
Published: August 2016

The past 20 years have seen dramatic growth of hospital lactation programs. There are few regulatory guidelines leaving advocates for lactation services to justify need, safety, and best practice to implement changes. The professional networking group, Children’s Hospital Lactation Network, was surveyed about breast milk facilities and practices. Analysis of survey responses will provide lactation programs with information needed to identify improvements and recognize priorities for lactation practice and safe, effective breast milk management. Lactation programs need specific regulations to guide practice to enable them to receive funding for equipment and staffing and support to make decisions on policies and best practices. Specific recommendations, consistent between regulatory agencies and across the United States, would be beneficial to optimizing lactation support for hospitalized infants and their families.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Smoking in the Risk of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Chantarangsu Soranun , Sura Thanyachai , Mongkornkarn Sanutm , Donsakul Kobkiat , Torrungruang Kitti
Published: August 2016

Background: Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been implicated in susceptibility to infections and bone‐related diseases. However, their relationship with periodontal disease remains unclear. This cross‐sectional study investigates whether susceptibility to chronic periodontitis (CP) in a Thai population is associated with VDR polymorphisms.

Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from 1,460 participants, aged 39 to 66 years. Genotyping of VDR polymorphisms (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) was performed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Participants were categorized into three groups: 1) no/mild; 2) moderate; and 3) severe CP. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine degree of association between VDR polymorphisms and periodontal status adjusted for known confounders.

Results: The CC+CT genotypes of FokI polymorphism were associated with severe CP with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3 to 2.8). Compared with genotype‐negative (TT) non‐smokers, positivity for the risk genotypes (CC+CT) alone and current smoking alone were associated with severe CP with ORs of 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1 to 3.2) and 2.5 (95% CI: 1.0 to 6.2), respectively. The combination of being genotype positive and smoking further increased the OR to 9.6 (95% CI: 4.5 to 20.4). This combined effect was 3.7 times (95% CI: 1.2 to 11.1) greater than expected from the sum of their individual effects, indicating a synergistic interaction. No significant association was observed between other polymorphisms and CP.

Conclusion: FokI CC+CT genotypes were associated with increased susceptibility to severe CP, which was aggravated further when combined with smoking.
Using the Job Burden-Capital Model of Occupational Stress to Predict Depression and Well-Being among Electronic Manufacturing Service Employees in China
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Shuang , Li Tao , Yu Shanfa , Dai Junming , Liu Xiaoman , Zhu Xiaojun , Ji Yuqing , Wang Jin
Published: August 2016

Background: This study aimed to identify the association between occupational stress and depression-well-being by proposing a comprehensive and flexible job burden-capital model with its corresponding hypotheses. Methods: For this research, 1618 valid samples were gathered from the electronic manufacturing service industry in Hunan Province, China; self-rated questionnaires were administered to participants for data collection after obtaining their written consent. The proposed model was fitted and tested through structural equation model analysis. Results: Single-factor correlation analysis results indicated that coefficients between all items and dimensions had statistical significance. The final model demonstrated satisfactory global goodness of fit (CMIN/DF=5.37, AGFI=0.915, NNFI=0.945, IFI=0.952, RMSEA=0.052). Both the measurement and structural models showed acceptable path loadings. Job burden and capital were directly associated with depression and well-being or indirectly related to them through personality. Multi-group structural equation model analyses indicated general applicability of the proposed model to basic features of such a population. Gender, marriage and education led to differences in the relation between occupational stress and health outcomes. Conclusions: The job burden-capital model of occupational stress-depression and well-being was found to be more systematic and comprehensive than previous models.
Reconstructing Historical VOC Concentrations in Drinking Water for Epidemiological Studies at a U.S. Military Base: Summary of Results
Authors: Maslia Morris L. , Aral Mustafa M. , Ruckart Perri Z. , Bove Frank J.
Published: August 2016

A U.S. government health agency conducted epidemiological studies to evaluate whether exposures to drinking water contaminated with volatile organic compounds at U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, were associated with increased health risks to children and adults. These health studies required knowledge of contaminant concentrations in drinking water—at monthly intervals—delivered to family housing, barracks, and other facilities within the study area. Because concentration data were limited or unavailable during much of the period of contamination (1950s–1985), the historical reconstruction process was used to quantify estimates of monthly mean contaminant-specific concentrations. This paper integrates many efforts, reports, and papers into a synthesis of the overall approach to, and results from, a drinking-water historical reconstruction study. Results show that at the Tarawa Terrace water treatment plant (WTP) reconstructed (simulated) tetrachloroethylene (PCE) concentrations reached a maximum monthly average value of 183 micrograms per liter (ug/L) compared to a one-time maximum measured value of 215 ug/L and exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s current maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 5 ug/L during the period November 1957–February 1987. At the Hadnot Point WTP, reconstructed trichloroethylene (TCE) concentrations reached a maximum monthly average value of 783 ug/L compared to a one-time maximum measured value of 1,400 ug/L during the period August 1953–December 1984. The Hadnot Point WTP also provided contaminated drinking water to the Holcomb Boulevard housing area continuously prior to June 1972, when the Holcomb Boulevard WTP came on line (maximum reconstructed TCE concentration of 32 ug/L) and intermittently during the period June 1972–February 1985 (maximum reconstructed TCE concentration of 66 ug/L). Applying the historical reconstruction process to quantify contaminant-specific monthly drinking-water concentrations is advantageous for epidemiological studies when compared to using the classical exposed versus unexposed approach.
Angina Bullosa Haemmorhagica on the Ventral Surface of the Tongue- a rare case report
Authors: R Karthik. , N. Mohan , P.T Ravikumar.
Published: August 2016

Angina Bullosa Hemmorhagica is a condition affecting the oral mucous membrane characterised by the presence of oral subepithelial blood filled blisters that ruptures and heals spontaneously by itself without any scarring.
Yield Evaluation of Maize Cultivars across Environments with Different Levels of Pink Stem Borer Infestation
Authors: Butrón A. , Velasco P. , Ordás A. , Malvar R. A.
Published: August 2016

Yield under infestation by the pink stem borer [Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre)] has been proposed as the best estimator of maize (Zea mays L.) performance under pink stem borer attack. Yield is a complex trait that greatly interacts with the environment. Several methods could be used to study the genotype × environment (GE) interaction. The objective of this work was to study the GE interaction for yield of 49 maize hybrids in five different environments by the Site Regression (SREG) and factorial regression methods. Locations presented different levels of natural infestation by the pink stem borer. The biplot obtained by applying the SREG method allowed visual cultivar evaluation. The factorial regression method incorporated genotypic and environmental covariates that enhanced biological interpretation of GE interaction. Hybrid A637 × EP42 would be recommended in northwestern Spain under medium and high natural infestation by the pink stem borer because it showed high and stable yielding ability. Genotypic and environmental covariates explained approximately 75% of the GE interaction variation, but other genotypic covariates could be introduced in the model to reduce GE residual variation to a nonsignificant level. In general, GE effects for grain yield were mainly due to earliness, vigor effects, and environmental yield limiting factors such as the mean of minimum temperature and percentage of air humidity.
Leaf Tip Necrosis
Authors: Joshi A. K. , Chand R. , Kumar S. , Singh R. P.
Published: August 2016

Spot blotch, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. syn. Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) Subrm and Jain (syn. Helminthosporium sativum, teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus), is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in warmer and humid regions of the world. To date, no morphological marker is known to be associated with resistance to this disease. The purpose of this study was to find out the association of leaf tip necrosis (Ltn) with resistance to spot blotch disease. A total of 1407 spring wheat genotypes that originated from the Indian and CIMMYT wheat breeding programs were evaluated for Ltn and resistance to spot blotch for three seasons (1994–1995, 1995–1996, and 1996–1997) under field conditions. Disease severity was recorded at six growth stages under artificially created epidemics. About 75% of the genotypes showing Ltn (Ltn+) were resistant or moderately resistant, whereas 82% not showing it (Ltn−) were moderately susceptible or susceptible. Mean spot blotch rating of the Ltn+ genotypes was significantly lower than the Ltn− genotypes at all growth stages and the genotype × environment interaction was nonsignificant. To confirm the association of Ltn with resistance, individual F2–derived F3, F4, F5, and F6 progenies from the cross of the ‘HUW234’ near‐isogenic pair for Ltn were evaluated for spot blotch severity. In each generation, the Ltn+ homozygous progenies had significantly less disease than those homozygous Ltn− These results confirm that leaf tip necrosis is associated with moderate resistance to spot blotch and can be used as a morphological marker to facilitate selection for resistance.
Eliminating Summer Fallow Reduces Winter Wheat Yields, but Not Necessarily System Profitability
Authors: Lyon Drew J. , Baltensperger David D. , Blumenthal Jürg M. , Burgener Paul A. , Harveson Robert M.
Published: August 2016

Summer fallow is commonly used to stabilize winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the Central Great Plains, but summer fallow results in soil degradation, limits farm productivity and profitability, and stores soil water inefficiently. The objectives of this study were to quantify the production and economic consequences of replacing summer fallow with spring‐planted crops on the subsequent winter wheat crop. A summer fallow treatment and five spring crop treatments [spring canola (Brassica napus L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) + pea (Pisum sativum L.) for forage, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and corn (Zea mays L.)] were no‐till seeded into sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) residue in a randomized complete block design with five replications during 1999, 2000, and 2001. Winter wheat was planted in the fall following the spring crops. Five N fertilizer treatments (0, 22, 45, 67, and 90 kg N ha−1) were randomly assigned to each previous spring crop treatment in a split‐plot treatment arrangement. The 3‐yr mean wheat grain yield after summer fallow was 29% greater than following oat + pea for forage and 86% greater than following corn. The 3‐yr mean annualized net return for the spring crop and subsequent winter wheat crop was $4.20, −$6.91, −$7.55, −$29.66, −$81.17, and −$94.88 ha−1 for oat + pea for forage, proso millet, summer fallow, dry bean, corn, and spring canola, respectively. Systems involving oat + pea for forage and proso millet are economically competitive with systems using summer fallow.
Genetic Differentiation of Tetraploid Creeping Bentgrass and Hexaploid Redtop Bentgrass Genotypes by AFLP and their Use in Turfgrass Breeding
Authors: Vergara Georgina V. , Bughrara Suleiman S.
Published: August 2016

The turf industry in the last decade has seen doubling in number of new creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw. and A. stolonifera var. stolonifera Huds.] cultivars, many with unknown variability and lineage. Understanding the genetic diversity of putative parental and wild stocks would be useful in plant breeding programs. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was conducted to investigate genetic variability among old and new cultivars of creeping bentgrasses, redtop bentgrasses (Agrostis gigantea Roth), plant introductions, and selected creeping bentgrass genotypes with resistance to gray snow mold (Typhula incarnata Lasch). Seven chosen primer combinations resulting in 355 polymorphic markers were used to differentiate the bentgrasses. Three groups were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA). With unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis, mean similarity coefficients of creeping bentgrass genotypes found in the first group was 0.78. Creeping bentgrasses in the USA were clustered as a subgroup and separated from European plant introductions, indicating that most selection and genetic exchanges in the last fifty years have evolved locally. Redtop bentgrasses were the most diverse and were found in different groups. Selected lines from northern Michigan, MI 20104, MI 20215, and MI 203164, were well differentiated from the other cultivars and would be advantageous to use as sources of disease‐resistant traits and for development of populations for future gene mapping.
Bale Density and Moisture Effects on Alfalfa Round Bale Silage
Authors: Han K. J. , Collins M. , Vanzant E. S. , Dougherty C. T.
Published: August 2016

Moisture concentration and crop density during fermentation affect preservation of chopped silage, but these variables have not been adequately assessed for round bale silage. The effects of these factors on retention of crop dry matter (DM), silage quality, and nutritive value of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) preserved as round bale silage or as dry round‐baled hay stored outside on the ground were determined in two field trials. Voluntary intake and in vivo digestibility were also assessed in beef cattle (Bos taurus). Silage bale weights were stable during storage but hay lost an average of 18% of its initial DM during 8 mo of storage. Prestorage alfalfa silage had lower concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) and higher crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) than hay, probably because of leaf losses during hay harvest. Silage from the higher‐density treatment had a pH of 4.76 compared with a higher pH of 5.01 for lower‐density bales. Density did not affect lactic acid concentration in silage, but that from the higher‐density treatment had more propionic acid at the higher moisture level. Average DM intakes of steers were 17.5, 20.4, and 21.0 g kg−1 of body weight per day for hay, 594 g kg−1 moisture silage, and 512 g kg−1 moisture silage, respectively. In vivo DM digestibility of hay was 592 g kg−1, lower than the 629 g kg−1 average for two silages. Increasing bale density improved some aspects of silage quality, including a lower pH, but moisture effects on silage preservation were small. Results of two field trials indicate that the round bale silage preservation system saved a greater proportion of alfalfa crop DM and improved nutritive value and forage intake compared with hay.
A Sequence Specific PCR Marker for Distinguishing Rice Lines on the Basis of Wild Abortive Cytoplasm from Their Cognate Maintainer Lines
Authors: Yashitola J. , Sundaram R. M. , Biradar S. K. , Thirumurugan T. , Vishnupriya M. R. , Rajeshwari R. , Viraktamath B. C. , Sarma N. P. , Sonti Ramesh V.
Published: August 2016

Ensuring the genetic purity of parental lines and hybrids is a prerequisite to realize their full potential. The cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines that are utilized for developing the popular “three‐line” hybrids, often get contaminated with their isonuclear maintainer lines during CMS line multiplication. Use of such CMS lines in hybrid seed production results in the production of genetically impure hybrid seed. We report the identification of a DNA sequence that is homologous to rice mitochondrial DNA but unique to the Wild Abortive (WA) cytoplasmic male sterile lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using total genomic DNA as a template, oligonucleotide primers based on this unique DNA sequence could amplify a fragment from CMS lines of rice and their hybrids but not from their cognate maintainer lines. In tests on mixed samples of plants containing both CMS and Maintainer lines, this PCR assay was used to correctly predict the genotypes of these plants indicating that it can be used to detect the mixture of maintainer lines in the seed stocks of the CMS line.
QTL Analysis of Morphological, Developmental, and Winter Hardiness‐Associated Traits in Perennial Ryegrass
Authors: Yamada T. , Jones E. S. , Cogan N. O. I. , Vecchies A. C. , Nomura T. , Hisano H. , Shimamoto Y. , Smith K. F. , Hayward M. D. , Forster J. W.
Published: August 2016

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for a number of agronomically important traits of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were identified by means of a reference molecular marker‐based genetic map. Replicated phenotypic data was obtained for a number of field‐assessed morphological and developmental traits as well as the winter hardiness‐associated characters of winter survival and electrical conductivity. Marker‐trait association analysis was performed by a number of methods, and a high degree of congruence was observed between the respective results. QTLs were detected for morphological traits such as plant height, tiller size, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight at harvest, plant type, spikelet number per spike and spike length, as well as the developmental traits of heading date and degree of aftermath heading. A number of traits were significantly correlated, and coincident QTL locations were identified. No significant QTLs for winter survival in the field were identified. However, a QTL for electrical conductivity corresponding to frost tolerance was located close to a heading date QTL in a region that may show conserved synteny with chromosomal regions associated with both winter hardiness and flowering time variation in cereals. The QTL analysis of multiple phenotypic traits provides the basis for marker assisted selection (MAS) of important agronomic characters, allowing genetic improvement of yield, quality and adaptation in perennial ryegrass breeding.