bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual polarization Fourier transform processor using geometric-phase lenses
Authors: García-Martínez Pascuala , Moreno Ignacio
Published: April 2023

This work presents a novel optical system for polarization image processing using geometric-phase (Pancharatnam-Berry) lenses. Such lenses are half-wave plates where the orientation of the fast (slow) axis follows a quadratic relation with the radial coordinate, and they present the same focal length but opposite sign for left and right circular polarizations. Therefore, they split an input collimated beam in a converging beam and a diverging beam with opposite circular polarizations. This coaxial polarization selectivity introduces a new degree of freedom in optical processing systems and makes it interesting for imaging and filtering applications that require polarization sensitivity. Here we profit from these properties to build an optical Fourier filter system with polarization sensitivity. A telescopic system is used to have access to two real Fourier transform planes, one for each circular polarization. A second symmetric optical system is used to recombine the two beams onto a single final image. As a result, polarization sensitive optical Fourier filtering can be applied, as demonstrated with simple bandpass filters.
Vacuum-deposited Rb3CeI6 for deep-blue-light-emitting diodes
Authors: Du Hainan , Yang Longbo , Pang Jincong , Shen Zixi , Li Jinghui , Dong Xiaohua , Luo Yiqi , Luo Jiajun , Tang Jiang
Published: April 2023

Recently, perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have exhibited outstanding performance in next-generation high-definition display applications. However, compared with green and red PeLEDs, the development of efficient and stable blue PeLEDs to meet the requirement for a wide color gamut has been a challenge. Herein, we vacuum thermally deposited a film of the lead-free rare earth halide Rb3CeI6, which shows deep blue emission with peaks at 427 nm and 468 nm. Due to the parity-allowed 5d–4f transition of Ce(III), the excited-state lifetime is as short as 22.3 ns (427 nm) and 25 ns (468 nm), respectively. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is optimized to 51% by regulating the nucleation and growth of Rb3CeI6 grains. In a prototype rare earth light-emitting diode (ReLED) device, a thin insulating Al2O3 layer (5 nm) is inserted between the electron transport layer (ETL) and the emitting layer (EML, Rb3CeI6) to balance the carriers and reduce the dark current. The device shows a maximum luminance and EQE of 98 cd m−2 and 0.67%, respectively, and the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum maintains stability with changes in the operating voltage. In addition, the corresponding CIE coordinate is (0.15, 0.06), which closely matches the Rec. 2020 standard (0.131, 0.046).
Application of line-scan CMOS camera in multi-beam heterodyne differential laser Doppler vibration sensor
Authors: Aranchuk Vyacheslav , Kasu Ramachandran , Li Junrui , Aranchuk Ina , Hickey Craig
Published: April 2023

The possibility of using a line-scan digital CMOS camera as a photodetector in a multi-beam heterodyne differential laser Doppler vibration sensor has been investigated. Application of the line-scan CMOS camera allows for selection of a different number of beams for a particular application in the sensor design, and for a compact design of the sensor. It was demonstrated that a limitation of the maximum measured velocity caused by the camera limited line rate can be overcome by selecting the beams separation on the object and the value of shear between images on the camera.
Proton radiation effects on optically transduced silicon carbide microdisk resonators
Authors: Jia Hao , McCandless Jonathan P. , Chen Hailong , Liao Wenjun , Zhang En Xia , McCurdy Michael , Reed Robert A. , Schrimpf Ronald D. , Alles Michael L. , Feng Philip X.-L.
Published: April 2023

Circular microdisk mechanical resonators vibrating in their various resonance modes have emerged as important platforms for a wide spectrum of technologies including photonics, cavity optomechanics, optical metrology, and quantum optics. Optically transduced microdisk resonators made of advanced materials such as silicon carbide (SiC), diamond, and other wide- or ultrawide-bandgap materials are especially attractive. They are also of strong interest in the exploration of transducers or detectors for harsh environments and mission-oriented applications. Here we report on the first experimental investigation and analysis of energetic proton radiation effects on microdisk resonators made of 3C-SiC thin film grown on silicon substrate. We fabricate and study microdisks with diameters of ∼48 µm and ∼36 µm, and with multimode resonances in the ∼1 to 20 MHz range. We observe consistent downshifts of multimode resonance frequencies, and measure fractional frequency downshifts from the first three flexural resonance modes, up to ∼-3420 and -1660 ppm for two devices, respectively, in response to 1.8 MeV proton radiation at a dosage of 1014/cm2. Such frequency changes are attributed to the radiation-induced Young’s modulus change of ∼0.38% and ∼0.09%, respectively. These devices also exhibit proton detection responsivity of ℜ ≈ -5 to -6 × 10−6 Hz/proton. The results provide new knowledge of proton radiation effects in SiC materials, and may lead to better understanding and exploitation of micro/nanoscale devices for harsh-environment sensing, optomechanics, and integrated photonics applications.
Flexible tuning of the peak wavelength and intensity of localized surface plasmon resonance by heat treatment of nanodisk structures fabricated by electron beam lithography
Authors: Osaka Noboru , Ozawa Masaki , Matsuyama Tetsuya , Wada Kenji , Okamoto Koichi
Published: April 2023

We demonstrate that the plasmonic properties of Au nanodisk structures fabricated by an electron beam lithography can be improved by very simple heat treatments, and that the resonance wavelength can be tuned by temperature. With a Ni adhesion layer, the resonance peak increased and blue-shifted due to improvement of metal quality without changing the sizes of nanostructures, while without the adhesion layer, the resonance wavelength can be tuned over a wider wavelength range by intentionally reducing the size of nanostructures through annealing. For Ag nanodisks with the adhesive layer, the plasmon resonance wavelength was blue-shifted due to the size reduction of nanodisks through thermal annealing. Full-color tuning of plasmonic resonance should be possible by controlling the diameter and height of Ag nanodisks under appropriate temperature conditions of heat treatment.
3D printing of colored micro-optics
Authors: Aslani Valese , Toulouse Andrea , Schmid Michael , Giessen Harald , Haist Tobias , Herkommer Alois
Published: April 2023

Commercially available optical photoresists for femtosecond direct
laser writing are mostly transparent and only cover a small range of
optical properties. This limits the design possibilities of
micro-structures and micro-optics. Although the fabrication of
3D-printed micro-optics has become state of the art, the field of
spectral filtering seems to be widely unexplored. In this work, we
present, evaluate and compare different methods that can be used to
fabricate colored micro-elements based on the already available
polymers by adding pigments or dyes to the photoresists or by dyeing
the fabricated structures in a post-printing process. Both optical
performance and spectral filtering results are promising and could
enable integrated color filtering or hyperspectral imaging in the
field of 3D-printed micro-optics.
Application of Deep Dictionary Learning and Predefined Filters for Classification of Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Authors: Baharlouei Zahra , Shaker Fariba , Plonka Gerlind , Rabbani Hossein
Published: April 2023

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has played an important role to help ophthalmologists the diagnosis of retinal abnormalities.
Among CAD methods, deep learning methods have high performance in classification. On the other hand, an efficient image representation is required for classification. Dictionary learning is proved to be very effective in finding the best descriptive atoms of an image. Deep Dictionary Learning (DDL) combines the strengths of dictionary learning with deep learning.
In this paper, we study two approaches for the detection of retinal abnormalities from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images.
In the first method, called S-DDL, we propose a way to avoid the vanishing gradient in DDL and to decrease the training time by simplifying the DDL's calculation. The second method is based on the Wavelet Scattering Transform (WST), which employs predefined filters in network layers. We compare its performance with the S-DDL method. WST is a particular convolutional network in which filters of the layers are predefined wavelets and do not need to be learned. Therefore the WST requires a lower processing time and complexity. For both methods, we do not use any preprocessing on data to obtain an efficient model and decrease computational costs. We assess the methods on Optical Coherence Tomography Image Database (OCTID). This database consists of more than 500 spectral domain OCT volumetric scans, containing five categories.
Our results show that the proposed S-DDL method has a high accuracy for OCT image classification. However, the WST achieves better classification results, especially for more than three classes.
Evaluation of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax in Oakland, United States, 2015–2019: A quasi-experimental and cost-effectiveness study
Authors: White Justin S. , Basu Sanjay , Kaplan Scott , Madsen Kristine A. , Villas-Boas Sofia B. , Schillinger Dean
Published: April 2023

Background

While a 2021 federal commission recommended that the United States government levy a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax to improve diabetes prevention and control efforts, evidence is limited regarding the longer-term impacts of SSB taxes on SSB purchases, health outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness. This study estimates the impact and cost-effectiveness of an SSB tax levied in Oakland, California.

Methods and findings

An SSB tax ($0.01/oz) was implemented on July 1, 2017, in Oakland. The main sample of sales data included 11,627 beverage products, 316 stores, and 172,985,767 product-store-month observations. The main analysis, a longitudinal quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, compared changes in beverage purchases at stores in Oakland versus Richmond, California (a nontaxed comparator in the same market area) before and 30 months after tax implementation (through December 31, 2019). Additional estimates used synthetic control methods with comparator stores in Los Angeles, California. Estimates were inputted into a closed-cohort microsimulation model to estimate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and societal costs (in Oakland) from 6 SSB-associated disease outcomes. In the main analysis, SSB purchases declined by 26.8% (95% CI −39.0 to −14.7, p < 0.001) in Oakland after tax implementation, compared with Richmond. There were no detectable changes in purchases of untaxed beverages or sweet snacks or purchases in border areas surrounding cities. In the synthetic control analysis, declines in SSB purchases were similar to the main analysis (−22.4%, 95% CI −41.7% to −3.0%, p = 0.04). The estimated changes in SSB purchases, when translated into declines in consumption, would be expected to accrue QALYs (94 per 10,000 residents) and significant societal cost savings (>$100,000 per 10,000 residents) over 10 years, with greater gains over a lifetime horizon. Study limitations include a lack of SSB consumption data and use of sales data primarily from chain stores.

Conclusions

An SSB tax levied in Oakland was associated with a substantial decline in volume of SSBs purchased, an association that was sustained more than 2 years after tax implementation. Our study suggests that SSB taxes are effective policy instruments for improving health and generating significant cost savings for society.
Presence of known feline ALMS1 and MYBPC3 variants in a diverse cohort of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Japan
Authors: Akiyama Noriyoshi , Suzuki Ryohei , Saito Takahiro , Yuchi Yunosuke , Ukawa Hisashi , Matsumoto Yuki
Published: April 2023

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease in cats with a suspected genetic origin. Previous studies have identified five HCM-associated variants in three genes (Myosin binding protein C3:MYBPC3p.A31P, p.A74T, p.R820W; Myosin heavy chain 7:MYH7p.E1883K; Alstrom syndrome protein 1:ALMS1p.G3376R). These variants are considered breed-specific, with the exception ofMYBPC3p.A74T, and have rarely been found in other breeds. However, genetic studies on HCM-associated variants across breeds are still insufficient because of population and breed bias caused by differences in genetic background. This study investigates the ubiquitous occurrence of HCM-associated genetic variants among cat breeds, using 57 HCM-affected, 19 HCM-unaffected, and 227 non-examined cats from the Japanese population. Genotyping of the five variants revealed the presence ofMYBPC3p.A31P andALMS1p.G3376R in two (Munchkin and Scottish Fold) and five non-specific breeds (American Shorthair, Exotic Shorthair, Minuet, Munchkin and Scottish Fold), respectively, in which the variants had not been identified previously. In addition, our results indicate that theALMS1variants identified in the Sphynx breed might not be Sphynx-specific. Overall, our results suggest that these two specific variants may still be found in other cat breeds and should be examined in detail in a population-driven manner. Furthermore, applying genetic testing to Munchkin and Scottish Fold, the breeds with bothMYBPC3andALMS1variants, will help prevent the development of new HCM-affected cat colonies.
Identifying optimal first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors based regiments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer without oncogenic driver mutations: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wu Sijia , Fang Weiwei , Li Hongkai , Su Lili , Qi Guiye , Li Huaichen , Liu Yao
Published: April 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment pattern of advanced and metastatic NSCLC. A series of ICI based therapies have emerged in the first-line treatment field, but the comparative efficacy was unclear.

Method

We searched multiple databases and abstracts of major conference proceedings up to Apri1, 2022 for phase III randomised trials of advanced driver-gene wild type NSCLC patients receiving first-line therapy. Outcomes analyzed included progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and et al.

Results

Thirty-two double-blind RCTs were included, involving 18,656 patients assigned to 22 ICI-based first-line regimens. A series of ICI regiments (including ICI plus chemotherapy), ICI monotherapy, doublet ICIs, doublet ICIs plus chemotherapy) emerged, and showed significant PFS and OS benefit than chemotherapy and chemotherapy + bevacizumab (BEV) for advanced wild-type NSCLC. In comprehensive terms of PFS, chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) were significantly more effective than ICI monotherapy and doublet ICIs. In terms of OS for patients with non-squamous NSCLC, pembrolizumab containing CIT was associated with a median rank of the best regimens, and followed by Atezolizumab+BEV based CIT; while for OS in patients with squamous NSCLC, Cemiplimab and sintilimab based CIT were the most effective regimens. For more than 2 years follow-up, the atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab and durvalumab containing ICI therapy all provide a durable long-term OS benefit over chemotherapy and BEV + chemotherapy.

Conclusions

The findings of the present NMA represent the most comprehensive evidence, which might suggest or provide basis for first-line ICI therapy decision for advanced NSCLC patients without oncogenic driver mutations.
Access to perinatal healthcare in minority Anglophones: Hospital type and birth outcomes
Authors: Auger Nathalie , Bilodeau-Bertrand Marianne , Lafleur Nahantara
Published: April 2023

Objectives

We assessed the relationship between hospital characteristics and risk of adverse birth outcomes among minority Anglophones in Montreal, Canada.

Methods

The study included 124,670 births among Anglophones in metropolitan Montreal between 1998 and 2019. We estimated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between hospital characteristics, including residential proximity to hospitals and language in which medical services are provided, and risks of preterm birth and stillbirth. Models were adjusted for maternal socioeconomic status and other characteristics.

Results

In this study, 8% of Anglophones had a preterm birth and 0.4% a stillbirth. Anglophone women who delivered at a farther French hospital had a greater risk of stillbirth (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.28–2.18) than preterm birth (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14–1.30), compared with delivery at hospitals closer to home. In contrast, delivery at a farther English hospital was associated with similar risks of stillbirth (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.08–1.71) and preterm birth (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.29–1.44). The greater risk of stillbirth with delivery at a farther French hospital, versus greater risk of preterm birth at a farther English hospital, remained present in analyses stratified by maternal age, education, material deprivation, and region of origin.

Conclusion

Minority Anglophones in Montreal who travel to a farther French hospital for delivery have a greater risk of stillbirth than Anglophones who travel to a farther English hospital. This novel observation suggests the need to determine if access to perinatal healthcare in a woman’s language may help reduce the risk of stillbirth.
Risk factors of late onset sepsis caused by extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) - producing bacteria in preterm infants
Authors: Ratridewi Irene , Winaputri Savitri Laksmi , Sulistijono Eko , Juniantika Fireka Imsa Sastia
Published: April 2023

Background High incidence of late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants contributes to neonatal morbidity. Therapeutic outcomes of LOS have deteriorated as a result of increased antibiotic resistance problems, mainly from ESBL isolates. Controlling risk factors is important in reducing morbidity and mortality as well as providing guidance for antibiotic selection.
Objectives To determine the risk factors of LOS due to ESBL-producing bacteria in preterm infants.
Methods This is a retrospective study. The inclusion criteria was neonates diagnosed with late-onset neonatal sepsis by clinical signs and a positive blood culture. The blood culture result and characteristics patients as secondary data were extracted from medical records within the hospital facilities and the institutional database of the Neonatology Department of Universitas Brawijaya (January 2019 to March 2021). Statistical analysis was done to compare characteristics of the patients in the ESBL positive group to those in the ESBL negative group to assess the potential risk factors.
Results Among 124 preterm infants with LOS, 62 of them were ESBL-positive case subjects and the other 62 were non-ESBL-producing control subjects. Gram-negative bacteria were the most common pathogens identified, with 96% (n=59) of them being the ESBL-producing strain, predominated by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=56). Factors significantly correlated with the occurrence of LOS-ESBL included prior history of invasive procedures (OR 3.13; 95%CI 1.45 to 6.73; P=0.00), central access insertion (OR 9.54; 95%CI 3.7 to 24.2; P=0.00), and parenteral nutrition (OR 6.03; 95%CI 2.77 to 13.16; P=0.00). Central access insertion had the strongest influence (Exp(B) 6.98; P= 0.00).
Conclusion Prior invasive procedures, central access insertion, and parenteral nutrition had significant correlations with the occurrence of LOS-ESBL in preterm infants. Central access insertion is a predictive factor for LOS-ESBL.
Combination of red cell distribution width and procalcitonin as diagnostic biomarkers of neonatal sepsis in preterm infants
Authors: Ratridewi Irene , Winaputri Savitri Laksmi , Sulistijono Eko , Corebima Brigitta I. R. V. , Yunus Achmad
Published: April 2023

Background Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is still challenging. Several diagnostics test have been developed to help diagnose of neonatal sepsis, but sometimes it could not be done routinely in limited facilities. Procalcitonin (PCT) and red cell distribution width (RDW) have been reported to have correlations with the risk of developing sepsis.
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of combined of PCT and RDW as markers for neonatal sepsis in preterm infants.
Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in the neonatal ward, Syaiful Anwar hospital, Malang, East Java. The subjects were preterm infants with neonatal sepsis. Blood culture were taken as the gold standard and RDW and PCT levels were assessed as the comparison. All of the test were performed at the begining of the study. The incidence of sepsis was reported as the main outcome. The data obtained were processed and analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method to obtain the area under curve (AUC) value.
Results Fifty-five preterm infants presenting neonatal sepsis were enrolled in this study. The combination of RDW and PCT showed AUC 0.814 (P=0.199) with sensitivity and specificity 78.9% and 80.6%, respectively in diagnosing neonatal sepsis compared to blood culture.
Conclusion Combination of RDW and PCT as markers of sepsis in preterm infants have good sensitivity and specificity.
Use of hemodynamic and laboratory monitoring tools to reduce the risk of mortality from pediatric septic shock
Authors: Yuliarto Saptadi , Kadafi Kurniawan Taufiq , Suryaningtias Ika Maya , Ratridewi Irene , Winaputri Savitri Laksmi
Published: April 2023

Background Early recognition of septic shock in terms of clinical, macrocirculatory hemodynamic, and microcirculatory laboratory parameters is a fundamental challenge in the emergency room and intensive care unit for early identification, adequate management, prevention of disease progression, and reduction of mortality risk.
Objective To evaluate for possible correlations between survival outcomes of post-resuscitation pediatric septic shock patients and parameters of clinical signs, macrocirculatory hemodynamics, as well as microcirculatory laboratory findings.
Methods This prospective, study was conducted in the PICU at Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, East Java. Inclusion criteria were children diagnosed with septic shock according to the 2005 Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) criteria, aged >30 days-18 years, who were followed up for 72h after resuscitation. The measured variables such as cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), stroke volume index (SVI) were obtained from ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM). Blood gas and lactate were obtained from laboratory findings. Heart rate, pulse strength, extremity temperature, mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), capillary refill time (CRT), Glasgow coma scale (GCS), and diuretic used were obtained from hemodynamic monitoring tools. Survival outcomes of post-resuscitation pediatric septic shock patients were noted.
Results There was a significant correlation between the outcomes of the pediatric septic shock patients 72h after fluid resuscitation and clinical, macrocirculatory hemodynamic, and microcirculatory laboratory parameters. After the 6th hour of observation, strong pulse was predictive of survival, with 88.2% area under the curve (AUC). At the 12th hour of observation, MAP >50th percentile for age was predictive of survival, with 94% AUC.
Conclusion For pediatric patients with septic shock, the treatment target in the first 6 hours is to improve strength of pulse, and that in the first 12 hours is to improve MAP >50th percentile for age to limit mortality.
Factors associated with infection and mortality in neonates following abdominal surgery
Authors: Corebima Brigitta R. V. C. , Sulistijono Eko , Widanto Widanto , Choe Cheah Fook
Published: April 2023

Background The outcomes of neonatal surgical cases has steadily improved in the last decade. However, limited local data are available in Indonesia regarding the contributing factors and outcomes of surgical procedures in neonates.
Objective To determine the incidence of infection and mortality in neonatal surgical cases in Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Methods This retrospective cohort study included neonates who underwent abdominal surgery over a period of 20 months from January 2021 to August 2022. Data collected included subjects’ basic demographics, primary surgical diagnoses, associated congenital anomalies, pre-operative conditions, and referral status. These parameters were analyzed in relation to the incidence of infection and mortality in the 30 days after surgical procedure.
Results Of fifty-four neonates in this study, the most common neonatal surgical conditions were anorectal malformation, followed by necrotizing enterocolitis and Hirschsprung’s disease. The mortality rate at 30 days was 48%. The most common associated factors were sepsis (OR 0.778; 95%CI 0.233 to -1.167; P=0.041), pre-operative respiratory failure/hemodynamic instability (OR 2.129; 95%CI 1.039 to 3.126; P<0.001), and delayed referral (OR 0.295; 95%CI 0.074 to 1.177; P=0.048). Other factors such as age at presentation, gender, gestational age, birth weight, referral patient vs. those born in our hospital, associated congenital anomalies, and emergency procedures were not associated with mortality. The survival time in the sepsis group [17.30 (1.68-13.98) days] was significantly lower than in the non-sepsis group [25.95 (1.63-22.76) days] (P< 0.001).
Conclusion Sepsis, pre-operative respiratory failure/hemodynamic instability, and delayed referral are risk factors for mortality in neonates following abdominal surgery. Identification of these risk factors and early intervention are important to improve outcomes.
Poetiken des Notierens
Authors: Kleinwächter Livia
Published: April 2023

Im 20. Jahrhundert zeichnet sich eine auffällige Konjunktur notizförmiger Publikationen in der deutschen Literaturlandschaft ab. Was bedeutet es für das Verhältnis von Entwurfspraxis und Werk, wenn die Notizen selbst als finale literarische Form in Szene gesetzt werden? Livia Kleinwächter analysiert anhand solcher Inszenierungen die für die Ästhetik der jüngeren Literaturgeschichte lange unterschätzte Rolle der Praktik des Notierens. Diese erweist sich nicht nur als vorläufiges Instrument des literarischen Produktionsprozesses, sondern als Reflexionsfigur der Grenze zwischen Wahrnehmung und Schrift, die so ins Zentrum der literarischen Formbildung rückt.
Fluchtursachenbekämpfung
Authors: Kopp Judith
Published: April 2023

Der »Sommer der Migration« 2015 transformierte die europäische Migrationspolitik. Judith Kopp analysiert anhand des Fluchtursachen-Diskurses, wie gesellschaftliche Akteur*innen strategisch darum ringen, ihre Interessen durchzusetzen. Dazu zeichnet sie die Herausbildung des hegemonialen Verständnisses von Fluchtursachenbekämpfung kritisch nach. Dieses schreibt sich in die Reorganisation des EU-Grenzregimes nach 2015 ein. Gleichzeitig verweisen die diskursiven Kämpfe auf eine stärkere Sichtbarkeit von Geflüchteten vor dem Hintergrund globaler Nord-Süd-Verhältnisse.
Mit Hannah Arendt Freiheit neu denken
Authors: Heidlberger Bruno
Published: April 2023

Hannah Arendt gilt als eine der einflussreichsten Denkerinnen des 20. Jahrhunderts - doch die Frage nach der Modernität ihrer Ansätze ist umstritten. Bruno Heidlberger interpretiert das Werk Arendts mit Blick auf die Fragilität spätmoderner Massen- und Konsumgesellschaften und macht dadurch ihre ungebrochene Aktualität sichtbar. Im Kontext aktueller Krisen, wie der Klimakrise und der globalen Auseinandersetzung zwischen Autoritarismus und liberaler Demokratie erscheint Arendts Politikbegriff in neuem Licht. Auch ihre Gedanken zur Freiheit weisen über das heutige Verständnis von Liberalismus hinaus: Individuelle Freiheit und Gemeinsinn bedingen einander. Mit Arendt lässt sich Freiheit neu denken.
Postmigrantische Generation
Authors: Rotter Anita
Published: April 2023

Dominante Diskurse über Migration schreiben die mehrheimische Familie als bildungsfern fest. Im Gegensatz dazu diskutiert Anita Rotter die Familien der Arbeitsmigration als Bildungsorte, an denen erzählte und erinnerte Lebensgeschichten generationsübergreifend weitergegeben werden. Mit einer Kombination aus Fragen und Erkenntnissen der Migrations-, Familien-, Generations- und Bildungsforschung rekonstruiert sie, wie Erinnern und Erzählen im familialen Migrationsgedächtnis funktioniert. Die postmigrantische Generation greift diese Narrationen und Erfahrungen auf und kreiert davon ausgehend gegenhegemoniale Lebensentwürfe, die sich nicht auf einen Ort oder Kontext beschränken lassen.
Antirassismus und Privilegien
Authors: Ohnmacht Florian
Published: April 2023

Antirassistische und rassismuskritische Debatten in Zivilgesellschaft und Wissenschaft beschäftigen sich vermehrt mit Fragen nach Zusammenhängen von Rassismen und Privilegien: Wie werden Menschen im Zuge ihrer Lebensgeschichte durch ihre systematischen und intersektional-spezifischen Privilegien geprägt? Welche antirassistischen Strategien müssen privilegierte Aktivist*innen für eine rassismuskritische Praxis entwickeln? Florian Ohnmacht analysiert biographisch-narrative Interviews mit männlichen* antirassistischen Aktivisten ohne eigene Rassismuserfahrungen. Dabei stellt er die Subjektbildungsprozesse im Rahmen ihrer Auseinandersetzungen mit den jeweiligen sozialen und politischen Positionen in den Vordergrund.
Queere Männlichkeiten
Authors: Maniu Nicholas
Published: April 2023

Die zeitgenössische Ikonographie queeren männlichen Begehrens ist das Produkt einer Schichtung und Sedimentierung vergangener Konzeptionen von Geschlecht und Sexualität. Nicholas Maniu analysiert ebendiese wechselhafte Diskursgeschichte von tradierter und devianter Männlichkeit sowie (Homo-)Sexualität. Ausgehend von der Gedankenfigur des Palimpsests legt er die zwischen Oppression und Emanzipation oszillierende Diskursivierung queerer Männlichkeit dar: Von der Päderastie über die Sodomie bis hin zur Pathologisierung verfolgen die Geister der Vergangenheit den homosexuellen Mann bis heute und prägen unweigerlich seine Bilder.
Inserción sociolaboral de jóvenes inmigrantes no acompañados/as: ¿una respuesta efectiva en el camino hacia la autonomía?
Authors: Gutiérrez-Sánchez José David , Epelde-Juaristi Maddalen , Abolafio-Moreno María Estrella
Published: April 2023

En octubre de 2021, el Gobierno de España modifica la legislación en materia de migración mediante la aprobación del Real Decreto 903/2021. Esta regulación tiene como objetivo facilitar, entre otras cuestiones, el acceso laboral de jóvenes migrantes en edad de trabajar. En este contexto, el presente artículo pretende analizar si efectivamente esta reforma supone una mejora de cara a facilitar los procesos de inclusión social de los jóvenes migrantes no acompañados/ as. Para ello, se ha optado por una metodología mixta, realizando entrevistas en profundidad a agentes clave y una encuesta a los jóvenes. Los resultados muestran que la reforma legislativa ha tenido una repercusión positiva sobre estos/as jóvenes de cara a lograr una autonomía (económica). No obstante, esto vendría a ser solo un paso en el camino hacia una inclusión plena en la sociedad de destino. Se constata que es conveniente abordar, aparte del laboral, otros ámbitos relacionados con esa inclusión social.
Evaluación participativa en un proyecto de integración con jóvenes migrantes no acompañados. Una apuesta por la transformación social
Authors: Quiroga Violeta , Venceslao Marta , Chagas Eveline , Lapadula Maria Carmelita
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación evaluativa participativa en el marco del proyecto AVENIR, cuyo propósito fue la elaboración de un enfoque global e inclusivo entre Francia y Cataluña destinado a mejorar el acceso al empleo y la integración de los/as jóvenes menores migrantes no acompañados. El análisis, centrado en Cataluña, elucida las potencialidades de la evaluación participativa, como herramienta de cambio y emancipación. Esta posición metodológica entrelaza la investigación evaluativa con la orientación y el acompañamiento de los agentes implicados, considerando sus inquietudes y posicionamientos. Se concluye mostrando la pertinencia de mantener un diálogo permanente con los agentes que permita no solo fomentar su implicación en el proyecto, sino reorientar el proceso hacia su fin último: la integración de los jóvenes en el territorio.
Formação de professores e educação especial: Os contornos de uma conversação no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Silva Mayara Costa da , Baptista Claudio Roberto , Jesus Denise Meyrelles de
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo objetiva analisar os principais contornos que delineiam o debate sobre a formação do professor de educação especial no contexto brasileiro. Insere-se em uma abordagem qualitativa, e sua perspectiva metodológica tem como referência a cartografia. Desenvolveu-se a análise das transcrições de reuniões de grupos relativas a quatro edições de encontros de pesquisadores da área da educação especial. As análises articularam-se às ideias de pesquisadores da área e ao referencial teórico vinculado ao pensamento sistêmico. Foi possível destacar: a necessidade de questionamento da perspectiva empirista associada aos percursos de construção do conhecimento articulados à área, compreendendo a impossibilidade da existência de receitas acerca de como aprendem determinados sujeitos; a necessidade de percursos formativos pautados na experiência, na incompletude e na imprevisibilidade; e a emergência da compreensão desta formação como espaço de fortalecimento da ação docente, apostando nas redes de ação pedagógica, com ênfase no ensino comum.
Ethics of Chemistry
Authors: Mahaffy Peter
Published: April 2023

Imagine yourself a chemist confronted with the use of chemical weapons during World War IO. Or a citizen living in Bhopal, India, perhaps having negotiated the siting of the plant in your city as a politician or an employee bringing home a good wage working at Union Carbide’s methyl isocyanate plant. Or perhaps you are a student in 2023 needing to make informed choices about climate engineering or the rapid full-scale extraction of rare-earth materials to mitigate the climate crisis. What is the right thing to do in each of these scenarios? How can the study of the moral values, norms, judgments, and virtues relevant to chemistry equip students to deeply reflect about the practice of chemistry and guide them to make informed and responsible choices about their behaviour as professionals?
Why is Presentism Intuitive?
Authors: Graziani Ernesto
Published: April 2023

Presentism is, roughly, the ontological view that only the present exists. Among the philosophers engaged in the metaphysics of time there is wide agreement that presentism is intuitive (or commonsensical) and that its intuitiveness counts as evidence in its favour. My contribution has two purposes: first, defending the view that presentism is intuitive from some recent criticisms; second, putting forth a genealogical (or debunking) argument aimed at depriving presentism’s intuitiveness of the evidential value commonly granted to it.
Crystal structure of 2-methoxy-4-(methoxy-carbonyl)phenyl 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoate, C16H12ClFO5
Authors: Xiong Xin-Ting , Xiao Pan-Lei , Ou-Yang Xiao-Hui , Nie Xu-Liang , Song Xiu-Ying
Published: April 2023

C16H12ClFO5, monclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.7536(6) Å, b = 7.8281(3) Å, c = 14.0501(7) Å, β = 

111.174

(
5
)

°

$111.174(5){}^{\circ}$

, V = 1513.13(12) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0367, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0865, T = 296(2) K.
Re-examination of nonlinear vibration and nonlinear bending of porous sandwich cylindrical panels reinforced by graphene platelets
Authors: Shen Hui-Shen , Li Chong
Published: April 2023

This article re-examines the nonlinear vibration and nonlinear bending responses of porous sandwich cylindrical panels reinforced by graphene platelets resting on elastic foundations in thermal environments. The graphene platelet-reinforced composite (GPLRC) core is assumed to be of multilayers, and each layer may have different porosity coefficient values to achieve a piece-wise functionally graded pattern. By introducing an inhomogeneous model instead of the equivalent isotropic model (EIM), the Young’s moduli along with the shear modulus of the porous GPLRC core are predicted through a generic Halpin–Tsai model in which the porosity is included. The thermomechanical properties of metal face sheets and the porous GPLRC core are assumed to be temperature-dependent. Governing equations of motion for sandwich cylindrical panels with porous GPLRC core are formulated based on Reddy’s third-order shear deformation theory coupled with von Kármán nonlinear strain–displacement relationships. In the modeling, the panel–foundation interaction and the thermal effects are also considered. The analytical solutions for the nonlinear vibration and nonlinear bending problems are obtained by applying a two-step perturbation approach. Numerical studies are performed to compare the results obtained from the present model and the EIM. The results confirm that the EIM is not suitable for linear free vibration analysis of sandwich cylindrical panels with the porous GPLRC core, but the EIM may be valid for the cases of nonlinear vibration and nonlinear bending analyses of the same panel resting on Pasternak elastic foundations.
Plant based fabrication of CuO/NiO nanocomposite: a green approach for low-level quantification of vanillin in food samples
Authors: Shah Shuaibul-Zaman , Taqvi Iqleem H. , Ameen Sidra , Mallah Arfana , Buledi Jamil A. , Khand Nadir H. , Solangi Amber R.
Published: April 2023

Metal oxide nanoparticles have a wide range of potential applications due to their unique properties, including their high surface area-to-volume ratio, enhanced reactivity, and unique electronic and magnetic properties. They are widely used in industries such as electronics, energy, catalysis, and medicine, where their small size and unique properties can be utilized for a variety of purposes. Fabrication of bi-metal oxide nanocomposite through green synthesis routes is of great importance. The plant leaves are being used as a prominent source for reducing/capping or functionalization of metal oxide nanoparticles. Thus, engineering of CuO/NiO nanocomposite has been carried out via exploiting Java plum leaves’ extract as reducing and capping source. After successful green synthesis, the CuO/NiO nanocomposite was directed for characterization through advanced analytical tool viz XRD, FTIR and TEM. The FTIR spectra confirm the stretching frequencies of Cu–O and Ni–O bonds at 587.1 and 647.3 cm−1 which witnesses the surface functionalities of prepared nanocomposite. XRD analysis confirms the diffraction patterns of CuO/NiO nanocomposite with exceptional crystalline structure and phase purity. TEM images evaluate the nanometric size of fabricated CuO/NiO nanocomposite with nanoflower like internal texture having size below 100 nm. The as-prepared CuO/NiO nanocomposite was used as green electrocatalyst for the determination of vanillin (VN) in food samples. The redox current response and charge transfer kinetics of CuO/NiO/GCE was examined via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under the optimal conditions such as potential window (0.2–1.3 V), PBS electrolyte pH 7, scan rate 60 mV/s, the engineered modified electrode exhibited excellent response for VN. The LOD of prepared electrocatalyst for VN was examined as 0.0087 µM. The potential of applicability of CuO/NiO/GCE was tested in ice-cream and chocolate samples. The obtained recovery values of real samples were found in acceptable range which highlights analytical potential of prepared modified electrode for VN.
The nitro to amine reduction: from millions of tons to single molecule studies
Authors: Scaiano Juan C. , Wang Bowen , Bourgonje Connor R. , Yaghmaei Mahzad
Published: April 2023

Palladium nanostructures are interesting heterogeneous catalysts because of their high catalytic activity in a vast range of highly relevant reactions such as cross couplings, dehalogenations, and nitro-to-amine reductions. In the latter case, the catalyst Pd@GW (palladium on glass wool) shows exceptional performance and durability in reducing nitrobenzene to aniline under ambient conditions in aqueous solutions. To enhance our understanding, we use a combination of optical and electron microscopy, in-flow single molecule fluorescence, and bench chemistry combined with a fluorogenic system to develop an intimate understanding of Pd@GW in nitro-to-amine reductions. We fully characterize our catalyst in situ using advanced microscopy techniques, providing deep insights into its catalytic performance. We also explore Pd cluster migration on the surface of the support under flow conditions, providing insights into the mechanism of catalysis. We show that even under flow, Pd migration from anchoring sites seems to be minimal over 4 h, with the catalyst stability assisted by APTES anchoring.
Fluorosumanenes as building blocks for organic crystalline dielectrics
Authors: Yakiyama Yumi , Li Minghong , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: April 2023

Organic crystalline dielectric materials are attractive target in the field of materials chemistry. In their designing strategy, the molecular motion induced by the external dielectric field is required to maximize the polarization effect in the materials to realize a large dielectric constant. Especially, the molecular motion of curved-π aromatics such as C60 and their supramolecular complexes are the known to show characteristic smoothness in the solid state. In this context, we focused on the in-plane motion of the one of the representative buckybowl, sumanene (Sum) in its curve-to-curve-contacted columnar structure as the new platform of the motion for the emergence of dielectric response. The newly designed and synthesized fluorinated sumanene, 1,1-difluorosumanene (F2-Sum), which possesses two fluorine atoms on the same benzylic carbon of pristine sumanene showed a large dipole moment along the in-plane direction. Thermal analyses, variable temperature X-ray diffraction and IR measurements indicated the presence of in-plane motion of F2-Sum although no clear phase transition was involved. This thermal property of F2-Sum realized an anisotropic dielectric response with a Debye-type dielectric relaxation in the single crystalline state. Further trials to form the solid solution of Sum and F2-Sum in various mixing ratio realized the tuning of the dielectric property.
Special Olympics als Wegbereiter einer inklusiven Gesellschaft? Eine ableismkritische Analyse
Authors: Oldörp Felix , Mihajlovic Christopher , Giese Martin
Published: April 2023

Special Olympics (SO) bietet weltweit eine Vielzahl sportlicher Angebote für Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung an. Zahlreiche positive Errungenschaften im Kontext sportlicher Teilhabe durch SO sind durch Studien belegt und anerkannt. Gleichzeitig fehlt es bis dato an kritischen Analysen, die den Beitrag bzw. den Selbstanspruch von SO zur Entwicklung einer inklusiven Gesellschaft hinterfragen. Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, dieses Forschungsdesiderat vor dem Hintergrund ableismkritischer Überlegungen zu diskutieren. Mithilfe einer Dokumentenanalyse werden dazu offizielle Dokumente von Special Olympics Deutschland (SOD) untersucht und Fähigkeitskonstruktionen innerhalb der SOD-Richtlinien analysiert. Die Kategorienbildung erfolgt anhand einer inhaltlich strukturierenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse mit deduktiv-induktiver Kategorienbildung mit den vier Hauptkategorien Startberechtigung, Klassifizierungssystem, Prinzip des Aufstiegs und Unified Sports®. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich v. a. im Kernelement von Special Olympics – dem Sportkonzept – Schlüsselmerkmale ableistischer Ordnungen finden lassen. Über das SO-Konzept wird körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit camoufliert und als entscheidendes Merkmal für gelingende Inklusion definiert. Weitere Forschung v. a. aus Sicht von Menschen mit Behinderung ist nötig, um das inklusive Potential von Special Olympics zu optimieren.
Measurement of Underwater Sound Absorption Coefficient at Variable Hydrostatic Pressures Using an Improved Transfer Function Method
Authors: Fu Yifeng
Published: April 2023

Water-filled impedance tubes are widely used to measure the acoustic properties of underwater sound absorption materials. Traditional transfer function has been applied for sound absorption measurement in air. Because this method needs to switch between two microphones during the test, it is not suitable for a water-filled impedance tube, especially at high hydrostatic pressure. The mounting of the hydrophone is also a challenging problem for water-filled impedance at high hydrostatic pressure. In this study, an improved transfer function method is investigated and a new mounting structure is designed for high hydrostatic pressure. Measurements of the sound absorption coefficient of the polydimethylsiloxane material and a water/air interface are used to verify the improved transfer function method, and an underwater sound absorption material is tested under different hydrostatic pressures. Results show that the developed water-filled impedance has a stable and repeatable performance at the working frequency range from 1,500 to 7,000 Hz, and the testing pressure can increase up to 1.5 MPa with suitable reliability. This can significantly improve the measurement efficiency of the underwater acoustic properties of materials and structure at high hydrostatic pressure.
Auxin‐dependent regulation of cell division rates governs root thermomorphogenesis
Authors: Ai Haiyue , Bellstaedt Julia , Bartusch Kai Steffen , Eschen‐Lippold Lennart , Babben Steve , Balcke Gerd Ulrich , Tissier Alain , Hause Bettina , Andersen Tonni Grube , Delker Carolin , Quint Marcel
Published: April 2023

Roots are highly plastic organs enabling plants to adapt to a changing below‐ground environment. In addition to abiotic factors like nutrients or mechanical resistance, plant roots also respond to temperature variation. Below the heat stress threshold, Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings react to elevated temperature by promoting primary root growth, possibly to reach deeper soil regions with potentially better water saturation. While above‐ground thermomorphogenesis is enabled by thermo‐sensitive cell elongation, it was unknown how temperature modulates root growth. We here show that roots are able to sense and respond to elevated temperature independently of shoot‐derived signals. This response is mediated by a yet unknown root thermosensor that employs auxin as a messenger to relay temperature signals to the cell cycle. Growth promotion is achieved primarily by increasing cell division rates in the root apical meristem, depending on de novo local auxin biosynthesis and temperature‐sensitive organization of the polar auxin transport system. Hence, the primary cellular target of elevated ambient temperature differs fundamentally between root and shoot tissues, while the messenger auxin remains the same.