bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitigating hiring risks through pre-employment background screening: Methodology based on the personnel security approach
Authors: Rushchenko Julia , Rushchenko Ihor , Plakhova Olena
Published: September 2020

In the wake of the corporate scandals linked to negligent hiring, many organisations worldwide have prioritised background investigations to avoid harm or legal liability and ensure safety of their assets, employees and clients. Negligent hiring takes place when an employer fails to verify that a prospective employee may pose a threat to their company. The article discusses the process of pre-employment screenings aimed at mitigating the risk of corporate fraud, unethical behaviour and organisational deviance. The goal of the article is to analyse a methodological basis for pre-employment background checks carried out by the in-house recruitment experts or third party employee screening companies. A large number of the existing studies have examined the theory and policies of pre-employment screenings, have scrutinised functionality and efficiency of background investigations and have addressed the methods used as part of this process. However, prior research has not identified a comprehensive and integrated technique of carrying out a pre-employment background check. To fill this gap, the paper suggests a vacancy-specific background screening of potential candidates according to the previously defined security criteria formulated in the article. The objective of the abovementioned approach is to generate an effective mechanism of identifying the so-called “risky hires” before the onboarding stage of recruitment. It is argued that both risk evaluation and pre-employment assessments of candidates should be viewed as a standard business practice integrated into a comprehensive hiring corporate policy.
An Investigation into the Linguistic and Cultural Difficulties Faced By Bahraini Students Studying Arabic in International Schools in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Al Anzarouti Ahmed Fuad , Popoola Kareem Hamed
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study are in three folded: first to shed  light at language, identity and culture, explore the dilemma of bilingualism, particularly in the GCC the state including the Kingdom of Bahrain, and its dangers with reference to the domination of English as a global language; second to investigate the problem of globalization and its effect on Arabic language; and third to recommend prospects for future of Arabic learners and maintaining it as the language of the Quran for Arabic and Islamic nations. The researcher used mixed method design to collect and analyse the research data.The total number of student participants was 215, with 137 boys and 78 girls. Among these students, 81 (44 boys and 37 girls were age 15 and were in Grade 10. The other (93 boys and 41 girls) were high school students age 16. Data collected from the questionnaire are analyzed quantitatively to see the frequencies and percentages of each response in the multiple-choice sections. Means were calculated for the responses and the results are presented in tables. Qualitative data, which were obtained from the open-ended questions of the students' questionnaires, teachers and students and the administrators’ interviews are discussed and triangulated with the quantitative data to respond to the questions raised in this study. The findings revealed the potential danger that Arabic confronts in the Kingdom of Bahrain in the face of global English. Students feel the need to master English because they view it as the language of knowledge in addition to the prestige it brings the user. Furthermore, the finding indicated that the educational system has failed to create an effective bilingual program that enables students to achieve proficiency in Arabic and English languages. However, the goal must be bilingualism and the schools and universities must be equipped to teach and nurture bilingualism and not assume that students learning in English will be able to maintain their Arabic.
Social representations of Covid-19 and stigmatization of healthcare personnel and people attained by abidjanese populations, Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: Kouame Kouakou Félicien  , Digbeu Alain Fabrice  , Samouth Aka Fabrice
Published: September 2020

The present study aims to identify the structure of coronavirus social representations in order to understand the stigmatization of people with Covid-19 and of healthcare personnel by populations in Abidjan. To do this, we have drawn up a sample made up of the unemployed, pupils and students and workers. There are 325 participants, including 177 men and 148 women, with an age that varies between 16 and 59 years. These people are subjected to the evocation questionnaire according to the structural approach of social representations (Abric, 1994). Analysis of the data using evoc2005 and simi2005 shows that the evocations "containment", "death" and "invention" constitute the main components (central core) of the social representations of coronavirus. These elements, which reflect a lived experience of negative feelings, will generate the construction of negative prejudices and common beliefs that encourage avoidance behaviours among participants to flee the feared situation. It takes place inward withdrawal and rejection of the other which constitutes for the individual a danger. Hence the stigmatization of people who visibly "embody" danger, death (the object of fear), namely people with Covid-19 and caregivers. The results therefore suggest that in the fight against Covid-19 the psychological aspect is also important and must be taken into account.
Reading and writing comprehension in the mother tongue in the Romanian national assessment – objectives, tests, results
Authors: Szanto Biborka
Published: September 2020

In Romania the basic competencies (reading and writing in the student’s mother tongue and in Romanian language in the case of students studying in minority schools, mathematical literacy) of students at the end of the 2nd and 4th grade of primary education are assessed starting with the school year 2013/2014. The paper analyses the tests of the national assessment designed and applied for measuring reading and writing skills in the mother tongue (in Hungarian language). The paper concludes that the tests are not carefully designed in order the measure the most important skills and abilities at the end of the 2nd and 4th grade. The study analyses the achievement in reading and writing of 2nd and 4th grade students’ attending schools teaching in Hungarian. The analysis fills a gap, because the detailed qualitative analyses of the results of elementary school students whose learning language is Hungarian, is missing from the reports presenting the results of the national assessment. Based on the analyses of the objectives, tests and results of the national assessment for reading and writing in Hungarian, the paper formulates the questions that arise regarding the necessity of this measurement.
Foreign Terrorist Fighters Indonesia: Belief in A Just World and Terrorism
Authors: Rahmanto Didik Novi , Meliala Adrianus E. , Andi Lolo Ferdinand
Published: September 2020

The phenomenon of foreign terrorist fighters’ movement to Syria to join ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) has received enormous attention in the world. Tens of thousands of individuals are moving from various parts of the world, including Indonesia, to join the Caliphate that ISIS is fighting for. There are still many reasons for the departure of foreign terrorist fighters to Syria, so this study will examine those that have not been revealed before. This is a qualitative research project using in-depth interviews as data collection techniques. There are 20 speakers who were foreign terrorist fighters but had returned to Indonesia. Just World Theory is used as a framework for thinking in this research. The findings show that not only the issue of religious ideology is the reason for the departure of foreign terrorist fighters to Syria but also the illusion of utopian life they imagined abroad. The findings of this study categorize the respondents' answers in seven ways, i.e. fair and prosperous life, verses and hadith, helping the cause of fellow Muslim who are being wronged, heaven, khilafah, living life like in the age of the prophet, and the order of hijrah.
Genocide and the Hispanic-American Dilemma
Authors: Ginzberg Eitan
Published: September 2020

The reasoning behind Hispanic-American colonization was that the indigenous people were rational vassals, who could be embraced by Christianity, and must, therefore, be protected and well-treated, though judiciously recruited to serve the interests of the Spanish Empire. Eyewitnesses and studies conducted on the Indian issue since the early sixteenth century found that the preservation-exploitation policy gradually became extremely destructive. Raphael Lemkin, in an unpublished study on Hispanic-American colonialism, was the first to call its damaging consequences genocide. The objective of this article is to explore the historical reliability of Lemkin’s controversial claim, and how it might tally with the Spanish Crown’s manifested caring approach toward the Indians. The study is based on a broad range of documents, many of them personal and unpublished until recently, making these sources highly reliable. We believe that the research will shed light on the historical dilemma of Hispanic-American colonization.
Denying the Animosity: Understanding Narratives of Harmony from the Nellie Massacre, 1983
Authors: Yasmeen Jabeen
Published: September 2020

This article tries to understand through oral narratives from the Nellie Massacre of 1983 to reflect on how societies in India adhere to a narrative of harmony between different communities and a familial structure before a conflict breaks out, denying the existence of any palpable enmity amongst the communities. It will see how and why the assertions of peaceful co-existence may differ in case of the majority and minority in India. While there may be genuine assertions of harmony, such assertions may also be based on different factors such as majority strength, fear of retaliation and the compulsions of co-existence.
The global dust cycle and uncertainty in CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5) models
Authors: Wu Chenglai , Lin Zhaohui , Liu Xiaohong
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The dust cycle is an important component of the Earth system and has been
implemented in climate models and Earth system models (ESMs). An
assessment of the dust cycle in these models is vital to address their
strengths and weaknesses in simulating dust aerosol and its interactions
with the Earth system and enhance the future model developments. This study
presents a comprehensive evaluation of the global dust cycle in 15 models
participating in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison
Project (CMIP5). The various models are compared with each other and with an aerosol reanalysis as well as station observations. The results show that the global dust emission in these models varies by a factor of 4–5 for the same size range. The models generally agree with each other and observations in reproducing the “dust belt”, which extends from North Africa, the Middle East, Central and South Asia to East Asia, although they differ greatly in the spatial extent of this dust belt. The models also differ in other dust source regions such as North America and Australia. We suggest that the coupling of dust emission with dynamic vegetation can enlarge the range of simulated dust emission. For the removal process, all the models estimate that wet deposition is
smaller than dry deposition and wet deposition accounts for 12 %–39 % of
total deposition. The models also estimate that most (77 %–91 %) dust
particles are deposited onto continents and 9 %–23 % of dust particles are deposited
into oceans. Compared to the observations, most models reproduce the dust
deposition and dust concentrations within a factor of 10 at most stations,
but larger biases by more than a factor of 10 are also noted at specific
regions and for certain models. These results highlight the need for further
improvements of the dust cycle especially on dust emission in climate models.
Photoacoustic hygrometer for icing wind tunnel water content measurement: Design, analysis and intercomparison
Authors: Lang Benjamin , Breitfuss Wolfgang , Schweighart Simon , Breitegger Philipp , Pervier Hugo , Tramposch Andreas , Klug Andreas , Hassler Wolfgang , Bergmann Alexander
Published: September 2020

Abstract. This work describes the latest design, calibration and application of a near-infrared laser diode-based photoacoustic (PA) hygrometer, developed for total water content measurement in simulated atmospheric freezing precipitation and high ice water content conditions with relevance in fundamental icing research, as well as aviation testing and certification. The single-wavelength and single-pass PA absorption cell is calibrated for molar water vapor fractions with a two-pressure humidity generator integrated into the instrument. Laboratory calibration showed an estimated measurement accuracy better than 3.3 % in the water vapor mole fraction range of 510–12,360 ppm (5 % from 250–21,200 ppm) with a theoretical limit of detection (3 sigma) of 3.2 ppm. The hygrometer is examined in combination with a basic isokinetic evaporator probe (IKP) and sampling system designed for icing wind tunnel application, for which a general description of total condensed water content (CWC) measurement and uncertainties are presented. Despite the current limitation of the IKP to a hydrometeor mass flux below 90 g m−2 s−1, a CWC measurement accuracy better than 20 % is achieved by the instrument above a CWC of 0.14 g m−3 in cold air (−30 °C) with suitable background humidity measurement. Results of a comparison to the Cranfield University IKP instrument in freezing drizzle and rain show a CWC agreement of the two instruments within 20 %, which demonstrates the potential of PA hygrometers for water content measurement in atmospheric icing conditions.
CAMELS-BR: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 897 catchments in Brazil
Authors: Chagas Vinícius B. P. , Chaffe Pedro L. B. , Addor Nans , Fan Fernando M. , Fleischmann Ayan S. , Paiva Rodrigo C. D. , Siqueira Vinícius A.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. We introduce a new catchment dataset for large-sample
hydrological studies in Brazil. This dataset encompasses daily time series
of observed streamflow from 3679 gauges, as well as meteorological forcing
(precipitation, evapotranspiration, and temperature) for 897 selected
catchments. It also includes 65 attributes covering a range of topographic,
climatic, hydrologic, land cover, geologic, soil, and human intervention
variables, as well as data quality indicators. This paper describes how the
hydrometeorological time series and attributes were produced, their primary
limitations, and their main spatial features. To facilitate comparisons with
catchments from other countries, the data follow the same standards as the
previous CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample
Studies) datasets for the United States, Chile, and Great Britain. CAMELS-BR (Brazil)
complements the other CAMELS datasets by providing data for hundreds of
catchments in the tropics and the Amazon rainforest. Importantly,
precipitation and evapotranspiration uncertainties are assessed using
several gridded products, and quantitative estimates of water consumption are
provided to characterize human impacts on water resources. By extracting and
combining data from these different data products and making CAMELS-BR
publicly available, we aim to create new opportunities for hydrological
research in Brazil and facilitate the inclusion of Brazilian basins in
continental to global large-sample studies. We envision that this dataset
will enable the community to gain new insights into the drivers of
hydrological behavior, better characterize extreme hydroclimatic events, and
explore the impacts of climate change and human activities on water
resources in Brazil. The CAMELS-BR dataset is freely available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709337 (Chagas et al., 2020).
Estructura genérica de revisiones sistemáticas odontológicas publicadas en español
Authors: Morales Oscar Alberto , Perdomo Bexi , Cassany Daniel , Izarra Élix
Published: September 2020

Las revisiones sistemáticas constituyen un género discursivo muy utilizado en Odontología. Pese a su importancia académica y clínica, hasta la fecha no hay estudios al respecto que sirvan de guía a autores y docentes del ámbito de la enseñanza de la lectura y escritura. Este estudio analiza la estructura retórica (secciones y movimientos) de 100 revisiones sistemáticas publicadas en revistas hispanoamericanas de Odontología, disponibles en abierto en la red, de los últimos 10 años. Con un enfoque mixto cualitativo y cuantitativo, siguiendo el enfoque del análisis de género, hallamos que la mayoría de los textos sigue el formato IMRyD modificado: IMRDyC. Cada una de las secciones se estructura siguiendo un patrón claramente definido. Por su frecuencia de ocurrencia (más del 65%), las secciones, los elementos que las integran y su organización pudieran considerarse obligatorios. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones para la enseñanza del género en el ámbito universitario.
Accounting Transparency of Non-Governmental Organizations: A Case Study of the Red Cross in China and Spain
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Cañizares Espada Manuela , Pérez Estébanez Raquel , Urquía- Grande Elena
Published: September 2020

En la actualidad, las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) están cada vez más involucradas en los asuntos internacionales, al tiempo que se enfrentan al creciente déficit de confianza debido a la opacidad del entorno de la información. Esto no sólo afecta el efecto del financiamiento de las ONGs, sino que también disminuye la confianza del público en este tipo de organismos e influye en su sostenibilidad. Por lo tanto, la transparencia en las ONG es importante. Este trabajo se enmarca en el ámbito de la transparencia contable, su concepto y sus métodos de valoración a través de un estudio comparativo entre la Cruz Roja China (RCSC) y la Cruz Roja Española tomado como ejemplo para evaluar sus niveles de transparencia; e investigando la importancia de la normativa en la difusión de la información. El análisis comparativo de estas ONGs en ambos países, a través de sus respectivas páginas web, muestra la importancia de la normativa sobre transparencia de estos organismos (determinando qué tipo de información es voluntaria y cuál es obligatoria), ya que si bien no existe una gran diferencia en el grado de transparencia, sí es cierto que no publican exactamente la misma información, sobre todo en el área financiera, que es precisamente la más necesaria para generar confianza en los donantes. Por lo tanto, este trabajo ofrece una interesante y valiosa contribución tanto para los académicos como para los profesionales.
Authentic Leadership and Openness to Change in Pakistani Service Industry: The Mediating Role of Trust and Transparent Communication
Authors: Basit Abdul , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed
Published: September 2020

Organizations to engage in strategic change initiatives to remain competitive. Leadership is the top determinant of successful change. This study investigated the factor affecting the employee’s openness to change during process of change and how leadership affects that. We proposed a theoretical framework, modifying (Yue, Men, & Ferguson, 2019) by incorporating Authentic in place of transformational Leadership. We hypothesized that authentic leadership affect organisational trust during change both directly, as well as by inducing transparent communication. Trust would in turn positively affect openness to change. Authentic leadership included 1. Self-Awareness, 2. Relational Transparency, 3. Balanced Processing, and 4. Internalized Moral Perspective, dimensions. Whereas, transparent communication consisted of 1. Participation, 2. Substantiality, 3. Accountability, Factors. Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey using close ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 310 employees working across different service industry in Karachi, and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The finding revealed that transparent communication and authentic leadership have significance direct and indirect relationship with employees’ openness to change. Organizational trust has significant relationship with employees’ openness to change during change process. However Authentic leader has weak direct relation with transparent communication and there is no significance relationship between authentic leadership and trust with mediating role of transparent communication. However, trust significantly mediate all the factors of authentic leadership except Self-Awareness, and Openness to Change. Similarly, trust also mediated Substantiality, and Accountability factors of communication, and openness. Lastly, substantiality also offered a partial mediatory role between authentic leadership and trust.
When Perpetual Persecution Becomes Ottoman Genocide
Authors: Gaunt David
Published: September 2020

A review of Benny Morris and Dror Ze'evi's The Thirty-Years Genocide deals with the experience of Armenian, Assyrian, and Greek minorities in late Ottoman and early Republican Turkey. The thesis of a long genocide challenges the international law concept of genocide while reopening a line of interpretation of long-standing persecution that is close to Christian memory, but far from contemporary historians' emphasis on political decision-making. The review specifically deals with the Assyrians who were less of a passive victim than Morris and Ze'evi maintain.
Rural Literary Reuse of Langston Hughes's Poetry in the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Elliott Chiyuma
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the circulation of, and commentary on, Langston Hughes's poems in rural publications during the 1920s and 1930s. It uses the journal of a black Catholic agricultural and industrial high school in rural Maryland, the Cardinal's Notebook, co-edited by Tuskegee alumna Constance Daniel, as a case study to explore how Hughes's thematically urban poems were recast in important ways by the editorial practices of rural publishers. Russ Castronovo argues persuasively that writers such as W. E. B. Du Bois conveyed complex meanings through the editorial juxtaposition of materials in Harlem Renaissance journals such as the Crisis: that the meaning of particular poems, essays, and images was in part created through context. Similarly, this article contends that the rural journals that reprinted urban creative works during the Harlem Renaissance often did so in ways that suggested distinctive thematic emphases and meanings.
Trade Patterns in Central America and the Dominican Republic:
Authors: Maldonado Leonardo Jose
Published: September 2020

This paper explores international trade data, classified by technology-intensiveness and type of products, to identify stylized facts, strengths, and weaknesses of the trade patterns in the region of Central America and the Dominican Republic, between 1975 and 2016. I focus the analysis not only on the total export of the region but on its exports to the United States (main trade partner). I examine export concentration, comparative advantages, trade specialization, and relative quality of the export basket (characterizing zones with high tax incentives in the region, free zones). The main findings suggest that the region has made little progress in improving trade accounts. The gains in diversification are being lost, the comparative advantages have historically remained in traditional exports, and the region does not appear to export quality to the world. The model of tax incentives is not generating local spillovers, and the relative quality of exports, as well as the specialization patterns, revive the idea of adjusting promotion schemes for local industry and direct investment. It is time for a competitiveness agenda.
Authors: Contreras Álvarez Isai , Molina-Vargas Alejandro
Published: September 2020

El presente trabajo analiza la posición comercial de China y Estados Unidos y la razón de las tensiones comerciales entre ambas potencias económicas. Para ello, se utilizan indicadores de posición comercial y se aplica el método lógico, así como el análisis comparativo y síntesis para comprender las tensiones comerciales, definidas en la literatura académica como guerra comercial. El estudio muestra que, cuando los resultados del comercio favorecen a Estados Unidos, como potencia hegemónica, promueve el libre comercio como una estrategia para aumentar o mantener su participación mundial; por otro lado, cuando detecta una amenaza, en este caso de China, o cuando los resultados del comercio no lo favorecen, utiliza instrumentos de política comercial. Los datos señalan que China, desde que ingresó a la OMC, ha jugado bien con las reglas de este organismo para aumentar su participación en el comercio internacional.
Uso de Realidad Virtual y Realidad Aumentada en el Arbitraje Internacional
Authors: Vergara Olmos Ricardo
Published: September 2020

El avance tecnológico ha traído consigo múltiples cambios en la manera en que se desarrolla el proceso arbitral. En este artículo se analiza el impacto que genera el uso de realidad virtual y realidad aumentada en la producción y ponderación de la prueba, revisando tanto los beneficios como los posibles problemas de su implementación. Entre estos últimos, se profundiza en la alteración del rol del árbitro debido al efecto inmersivo de la realidad virtual, en el reemplazo del juzgador al momento de interpretar los antecedentes sobre los que se basa el diseño de la simulación y en los problemas de costos de utilización en el arbitraje internacional. Finalmente, se realizan una serie de recomendaciones en aras de favorecer una implementación cuidadosa de esta tecnología en el proceso arbitral.
Olympians’ Attitudes toward Olympic Values: A “Sporting” Life History Approach
Authors: Grix Jonathan , Gallant Daniel , Brannagan Paul Michael , Jones Callum
Published: September 2020

The literature on the Olympics has grown exponentially in the last twenty years. What has not received much, if any, attention, however, are the athletes themselves. Given that Olympians are essential to the existence of the Games and that governments worldwide increasingly seek international prestige through the funding of elite sport policy, the lack of research in this regard is, therefore, surprising. The current paper seeks, in part, to redress this imbalance. It does so by focusing on Olympians’ attitudes to Olympic values—given that Olympic values are central to the Olympic Movement—gathered through a wider project on the “sporting” life history of fifty-seven British athletes. The study’s findings are paradoxical and appear to be at odds with the Olympic values set out in the Olympic Charter. In particular, the study finds British athletes’ attitudes toward Olympic values tend to shift dramatically between the period in which they compete and their post-athletic careers.
The Effect of Emotional Intelligence of Operational Team Leaders on the Performance of Team Members
Authors: Al-Fawaeer Moayyad , Alkhatib Ayman Wael
Published: September 2020

This study is aimed at identifying the effect of emotional intelligence with its dimensions (self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, motivation, and social skills) on the performance of working teams with its dimensions (task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive performance) among employees on the operational lines of industrial companies operating in the Jordanian city of Sahab. The analysis is limited to employees in those companies, and the questionnaire is used as a data collection tool, taking a simple random sample to represent the study population. In addition to the analysis of 216 questionnaires, the SPSS program is used as a data analysis tool in the study. The study emphasizes the importance of emotional intelligence dimensions for operational team leaders, especially motivation and social skills dimensions because they have a higher effect on the task performance and contextual performance levels, while all dimensions of emotional intelligence have a negative effect on counterproductive performance for operational team members.
The Effect of Organizational Culture on Firm Performance With Social Responsibility as Mediating Variable
Authors: Muliati Muliati , Iqbal Mohammad , Mayapada Arung Gihna
Published: September 2020

There is a lack of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and regional-owned enterprises (ROEs) of Indonesia in reporting their social responsibility activities to the provincial governments. At the same time, corporate social responsibility is a mandatory obligation outlined in the Indonesia law. This study aims to analyze the mediating effect of social responsibility in relationship organizational culture and firm performance of SOEs and ROEs in Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This study is survey research by distributing questionnaires to respondents who are SOEs and ROEs employees. The total sample is 245 respondents. The data are analyzed using path analysis. The result of this study shows that organizational culture does not affect firm performance partially. Another finding shows that SOEs and ROEs' organizational culture affects firm performance if the firm does and reports corporate social responsibility. These results mean that social responsibility plays a vital role in increasing firm performance besides focusing on improving organizational culture.
The Covid-19 pandemic and the failure of the dominant imaginaries
Authors: Laval Christian
Published: September 2020

Este ensaio aborda a crise dos imaginários dominantes no contexto atual da pandemia de Covid 19. Inicialmente, apresenta-se a concorrência como princípio fundamental do imaginário neoliberal e dos processos de subjetivação contemporâneos para então abordar a crise de tal imaginário provocada mundialmente pelo novo coronavírus. Em seguida, problematizase o retorno ao imaginário da soberania, nacionalista e autoritário, como reação à crise. Como conclusão, o ensaio defende a urgência da solidariedade comum e vital entre os indivíduos em nível institucional, nacional e internacional como forma de superação da crise global.
Neoliberalismo, procesos de subjetivación y mutaciones sociotécnicas. Reflexiones a partir de un estudio de caso.
Authors: Presta Susana Rita
Published: September 2020

O avanço gradativo das tecnologias de manufatura digital em relação às mutações do capitalismo, tanto nas esferas produtivas, quanto extraprodutivas, gera novas indagações sobre o trabalho humano e seus significados no projeto civilizatório neoliberal. Nosso objetivo é investigar o profundo deslocamento do sujeito do trabalho em direção ao sujeito empreendedor em relação aos objetivos governamentais neoliberais que visam reconfigurar valores e sentimentos, bem como a experiência de tempo e espaço em relação aos significados do trabalho e do cotidiano da vida. As nossas reflexões estão relacionadas com o trabalho de campo realizado no projeto de uma Organização Não Governamental que promove espaços de formação em robótica aplicada e construção de impressoras 3D, organização associativa e empreendedorismo em diferentes comunidades das aldeias e povoações da zona sul da Cidade de Buenos Aires.
Concentração cultural: Por que podemos dizer que, no Brasil, o investimento na cultura está mais concentrado que o PIB?
Authors: Guimarães Bruno Costa
Published: September 2020

No Brasil, quando falamos sobre desigualdade, costumamos associar o termo à má distribuição de renda entre a população ou então ao desequilíbrio de riquezas entre certas regiões e estado. Um tipo de desigualdade, porém, é constantemente negligenciado: a desigualdade de investimento na cultura. Este artigo busca apresentar ao leitor o caráter concentrador da Lei Rouanet que, baseada na lógica mercantilista, privilegia de forma desequilibrada as metrópoles Rio e São Paulo no fomento de projetos culturais.
A colonialidade nas práticas de saúde e as resistências de benzedeiras e mães de santo
Authors: Wedig Josiane Carine , Dorneles Ramos João Daniel
Published: September 2020

Este artigo discute as formas de resistências de mulheres que realizam práticas de cura e de saúde que consistem em modos alternativos à prática hegemônica da medicina ocidental imposta aos corpos pela colonialidade do poder, do saber e do ser. Tal análise baseia-se na realização de pesquisa etnográfica em dois diferentes contextos, a saber, com mães de santo de dois terreiros afrorreligiosos, no Rio Grande do Sul, e com benzedeiras integrantes do Movimento Aprendizes da Sabedoria (MASA), no Paraná. Propomos a discussão, a partir do que essas mulheres evocam e realizam, de modos de saber-fazer que evidenciam rupturas ao modelo ocidental-patriarcal de produção de conhecimento sobre os corpos e sobre a saúde. Suas práticas e conhecimentos de cura, dinamizados nesses dois contextos etnográficos, produzem relações intensas com humanos e não humanos (plantas, água, terra, animais, orixás, santos populares, monges etc.), em que entes diversos atuam como intensidades e potências relacionais. Benzedeiras e mães de santo reivindicam o reconhecimento de suas práticas religiosas e de cura que, historicamente, foram discriminadas, censuradas, vigiadas e reprimidas pelo Estado, como nos casos em que afrorreligiosos/as eram perseguidos/as e as benzedeiras e curandeiras detidas sob a acusação de realizarem atividades ilegais de cura.
Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting for Carotid Stenosis: A Single-Center Experience from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Algahtani Hussein , Shirah Bader , Alghamdi Abdullah S. , Subahi Ahmad , Alqahtani Saeed A. , Alshamy Abdulrahman
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Atherosclerotic stenosis of the extracranial carotid artery accounts for approximately 20% of all strokes. Both carotid artery endarterectomy and carotid artery angioplasty with stenting (CAAS) are recommended for symptomatic patients with 50% or more stenosis or asymptomatic patients with 70% or more stenosis. CAAS is under-reported in Saudi Arabia, as evidenced by a thorough literature search. In this article, we aim to share our experience of CAAS to call for the necessity of conducting more research on stroke and emphasize the local need of utilizing more endovascular treatments like CAAS.Materials and Methods: A retrospective single-center observational study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria consisted of all adult patients (18 years and above) with carotid stenosis who were treated with CAAS.Results: A total of 16 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 66.9±13.5 years (range 30–87 years). All patients were symptomatic (had a previous stroke or transient ischemic attack). The procedure was successful in 14 patients (87.5%), while it failed in 2 patients (12.5%) due to technical reasons. All patients had no stroke or myocardial infarction within 30 days of the procedure.Conclusion: Despite the advancement in medicine with free healthcare services in Saudi Arabia, the interventional procedures for secondary prevention of strokes are underutilized. Collaboration between different hospitals will be extremely helpful since few centers in each city are providing such treatments by an expert neurointerventionist and/or strokologist. The good selection of candidates, optimal management of comorbid conditions, and multidisciplinary care may improve outcomes and reduce mortality.
Individualized Learning in Context: Constructivists’ Teaching Philosophy of Academic Writing for EAL Learners
Authors: Xiao Yuehai , Zhao Angel
Published: September 2020

The prominent role of teaching philosophy statements is on the rise because they mirror broad skillsets and the expertise of doctoral or master’s program graduates (Merkel, 2020). This paper presents our philosophy of education, of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL), and of teaching academic writing for English as an Additional Language (EAL) students. First, it is maintained that in education, knowledge is individually and socially constructed (Piaget, 1970; Vygotsky, 1981). In light of the constructivists’ educational philosophy, it is argued that the EAL teachers need to possess knowledge in cognate disciplines to mediate the EAL students’ construction of their individualized linguistic and intercultural knowledge in dynamic, specific learning contexts. Finally, innovative pedagogical suggestions for what to cover and how to deliver the second language (L2) academic writing class with EAL students are offered.
Drugsgebruik, exces en criminaliteit
Authors: Snelders Stephen
Published: September 2020

Drug Use, Excess, and Criminality: A Historical Perspective

This article discusses the problem of excessive drug use from a historical perspective. Cultural ambivalence towards excessive use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs has roots going back into the seventeenth century. A case study is presented of the introduction and adaptation of tobacco in the Dutch republic. Dutch national and colonial drug regulation is discussed. It is concluded that regulations have been primarily motivated by anxieties about excessive behaviour among the labouring classes, endangering public order, and non-white users in the colonies. This has led to criminalization of excessive behaviour, and to the creation of a criminal underground economy.
Overdaad schaadt
Authors: Dagevos Hans
Published: September 2020

Excess harms: In defense of consuming less

The lifeblood of contemporary consumer capitalism is ever-growing and accelerating human needs for new consumer goods and services. Needs that remain unsatisfied on the one hand but defy the carrying capacity of planet Earth on the other. Anything but a win-win situation. Although excess harms, the infrastructure of consumption pays full service to perpetuate and cultivate the ‘more and faster’ orientation of today’s consumers. It is believed that we can cope with excess by taking efficiency measures and paying attention to recycling and refurbishing. This article, however, points out that there is need to rethink consumption and reconsider prevalent orientations dedicated to excess consumption more fundamentally.
The short-term rinsing of airways by N-acetylcysteine helps expectoration: The mechanism of sodium and chloride transport
Authors: Hołyńska-Iwan Iga , Dziembowska Inga , Olszewska-Słonina Dorota
Published: September 2020

N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) mucolytic and antioxidant role is well known, but the effect on epithelial ion transport has not been yet described. The aim of the study was to evaluate the short-term and prolonged influence of NAC on ion transport in the epithelium. The experiment was performed on 108 fragments of rabbit tracheae. Fragments were divided into four groups: inhibited sodium (I) and chloride (II) transport, NAC with inhibited sodium (III) and NAC with inhibited chloride (IV) transport. The changes in electrophysiological parameters were measured in stationary conditions and during mechanical-chemical stimulation after immediate (15 s) and prolonged (60 min) N-acetylcysteine administration on the tissue. Each 15-second stimulation caused repeatable changes in the electric potential of the tissue. In trachea fragments with blocked chloride ion transport, significantly lower (P <0.0001) values of electric potential following prolonged NAC effect were observed when compared to short-term NAC-stimulation. The values of resistance were constant during experiments, which reflects the vitality of the tissue. Short-term NAC administration influences sodium ion transport, which is not observed in a prolonged stimulation. The use of the NAC solution to rinse the airways is of great clinical importance due to the short and intense contact with the epithelium.
Two Diverse Communities Who Are Refugees Transforming Their Parenting and Self Efficacy Skills through Early Childhood Education
Authors: Young Deborah , Sager Nicole
Published: September 2020

In our work we studied the process of working alongside Afghan women who are refugees living in Colorado, and women living in two refugee camps in Palestine. By design, our work centers the participants as the key producers of knowledge. We set out to collectively discover, define, and understand parenting, child development, and family dynamics. Participants were invited to explore how their dreams for their children relate to early childhood education. Informed by participant input, we designed courses with culturally responsive and sustainable curriculums to increase the quality of care for young children. Our investigation sheds light on how parents reconcile different cultural experiences and prioritize their child’s development while trying to navigate novel contexts of childcare, preschool, or public school. In addition, the courses women took provided a pathway to enter the workforce in early childhood care, development, and education (ECCDE). This chapter describes our participatory action research process and the introspection and growth of resilient women transforming their parenting and their lives.
Prevalence of Low Bone Mass in Patients with Hemophilia and Its Related Ractors in Southern Iran
Authors: Bordbar Mohammadreza , Olyaeinezhad Sara , Saki Forough , Haghpanah Sezaneh
Published: September 2020

Background: The previous studies reported conflicting outcomes concerning the prevalence and risk factors of low bone mass. The evaluation of bone mass and its related factors in patients with hemophilia in Southern Iran can help prevent osteoporosis and fracture amongst these patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate bone mass and its related factors in patients with hemophilia in Southern Iran. Methods: This study was conducted on 111 patients with hemophilia A and B. It assessed anthropometric data, sun exposure, puberty, physical activity, and mineral biochemical parameters. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS software V. 21. Results: The prevalence of low bone mass for chronological age (LBM) was 20.6% in the lumbar area and 23.7% in the femur. Low lumbar bone mass was merely associated with the severity of factor deficiency (P = 0.037, beta=0.896). Low femoral bone mass was associated with severity of factor deficiency (P = 0.022, beta = 0.939), BMI/BMI percentile (P = 0.013, beta = -0.181), HCV infection (P = 0.012, beta = 1.4), and weight (P = 0.002, Beta = -0.064). Conclusions: The prevalence of low bone mass was high in patients with hemophilia in southern Iran. The severity of the disease, HCV infection, and body mass index were the most relevant related factors.
Psychometric Properties of the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS) in Iranian Opioid and Alcohol Abusers
Authors: Zarghami Mehran , Babakhanian Masoudeh , Habibi Asgarabad Mojtaba , Ghazanfanpour Masumeh , Akrami Faezeh Sadat , Nazeri Najmodin , Allameh Yasaman , Sharif Nia Hamid , Molavi Nader
Published: September 2020

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is one of the most dangerous behaviors linked to substance abuse. The Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS) has been developed to better understanding the factors associated with the onset and maintenance of NSSI behaviors. Objectives: The ISAS was translated into the Persian language to study its psychometric properties in Iranian population of opioid and alcohol abusers. Methods: This is a psychometric study investigating opioid and alcohol abusers in Iran, including those residing in addiction rehabilitation camps, prisons, hospitals, and addiction treatment clinics dispensing methadone in 2017. The sample size of this study was 470. The subjects completed the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury, Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS). Results: The test-retest results were estimated for two weeks using the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The absolute reliability was determined to be 2.62%. There was a significant correlation between convergent and divergent instruments. The results of the exploratory factor analysis on 235 individuals in the sample showed all subscales of the inventory measure a single factor in the Iranian population. The total Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for this subscale was 0.93. Also, the results of confirmatory factor analyses on the rest of the sample (235), after applying the AMOS software suggestions to improve the model, showed this inventory was a good indicator for this population (χ2 = 131.69; P < 0.001; df = 56; χ2/df = 2.35; CFI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.76; GFI = 0.92). Conclusions: The Persian version of the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury has high validity and reliability among the opioid and alcohol-abusing population in Iran.
Delayed Graft Function and Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplant Patients with Positive Panel-Reactive Antibody and Negative Donor-Specific Antibodies
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Ha , Bui Van Manh , Nguyen Thi Thuy Dung , Truong Quy Kien , Nguyen Van Duc , Diem Thi Van , Do Manh Ha , Do Khac Dai , Nguyen Dang Dung , Do Quyet , Pham Quoc Toan , Le Viet Thang
Published: September 2020

Background: Delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection (AR) are common complications in kidney transplant patients. Objectives: The study evaluated DGF and AR in highly sensitized patients and their effects on kidney function for six months post-transplantation. Methods: We enrolled 95 patients with kidney transplants from living donors who were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 47 highly sensitized patients with panel reactive antibody (PRA) < 20.0% and negative donor-specific antigen, and group 2 included 48 patients with negative PRA. All patients were followed for the state of DGF, AR, and kidney function for six months. Results: Group 1 showed a significantly higher proportion of DGF and AR than group 2 (27.7% versus 2.1%, P < 0.001 and 14.9% versus 2.1%, P = 0.031, respectively). The rates of positive PRA in DGF and AR patients were significantly higher than those in non-DGF and non-AR patients (92.9% versus 42.0%, P < 0.001 and 87.5% versus 46.0%, P = 0.031, respectively). Transplanted kidney function was significantly worse in patients with PRA and DGF and/or AR than in patients with negative PRA and non-DGF and non-AR only in the seventh-day post-transplantation. Conclusions: Kidney transplant in highly sensitized patients with positive PRA was related to the increased ratio of DGF and AR.
O 31º PANORAMA DA ARTE BRASILEIRA COMO MONTAGEM EM WARBURG
Authors: Barreto Karoline Marianne
Published: September 2020

Esta pesquisa busca maneiras diferentes para se pensar curadoria em arte contemporânea. A principal proposição que se guiou o pensamento nesta pesquisa foi o princípio de montagem investigado por Warburg e que teve como principal resultado o Atlas Mnemosine. Esta montagem, presente em várias conferências, escritos e no Atlas proposto por Warburg na década de 20, neste estudo buscou-se aproximar suas ideias à arte contemporânea. Para tal aproximação, a escolha pela exposição 31º Panorama da Arte Brasileira se deu pela maneira ímpar e eficaz de realizar a curadoria por Adriano Pedrosa.
A SINGULARIDADE DA MONTAGEM EM LEYA MIRA BRANDER
Authors: Checluski Sandra
Published: September 2020

A questão da montagem é tratada como um importante procedimento na produção gráfica da artista paulistana Leya Mira Brander. Evitando a mera homogeinização, procura-se considerar os seguintes aspectos relacionados à montagem: por seriação temporal, por anacronismo, por justaposição, por colagem, por sobreposição, por sobreposição dedutiva, por aglomeração.