bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Perfusion CT Differentiating Hemangiomas from Malignant Hepatic Lesions
Authors: Singh Jagjeet , Sharma Sanjiv , Aggarwal Neeti , Sood R G , Sood Shikha , Sidhu Ravinder
Published: February 2014

Objective:

The purpose of the study was to determine the role of computed tomography (CT) perfusion in differentiating hemangiomas from malignant hepatic lesions.

Materials and Methods:

This study was approved by the institutional review board. All the patients provided informed consent. CT perfusion was performed with 64 multidetector CT (MDCT) scanner on 45 patients including 27 cases of metastasis, 9 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 9 cases of hemangiomas. A 14 cm span of the liver was covered during the perfusion study. Data was analyzed to calculate blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), permeability surface area product (PS), mean transit time (MTT), hepatic arterial fraction (HAF), and induced residue fraction time of onset (IRFTO). CT perfusion parameters at the periphery of lesions and background liver parenchyma were compared.

Results:

Significant changes were observed in the perfusion parameters at the periphery of different lesions. Of all the perfusion parameters BF, HAF, and IRFTO showed most significant changes. In our study we found: BF of more than 400 ml/100 g/min at the periphery of the hemangiomas showed sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 83.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 57.1%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.7% in differentiating hemangiomas from hepatic malignancy; HAF of more than 60% at the periphery of hemangiomas showed sensitivity of 77.8%, specificity of 86.1%, PPV of 58.3% and NPV of 93.9% in differentiating hemangiomas from hepatic malignancy; IRFTO of more than 3 s at the periphery of hemangiomas showed sensitivity of 77.8%, specificity of 86.1%, PPV of 58.3%, and NPV of 93.9% in differentiating hemangiomas from hepatic malignancy.

Conclusion:

Perfusion CT is a helpful tool in differentiating hemangiomas from hepatic malignancy by its ability to determine changes in perfusion parameters of the lesions.
Ultrasound and Doppler US in Evaluation of Superficial Soft-tissue Lesions
Authors: Toprak Huseyin , Kiliç Erkan , Serter Asli , Kocakoç Ercan , Ozgocmen Salih
Published: February 2014

Improved developments in digital ultrasound technology and the use of high-frequency broadband transducers make ultrasound (US) imaging the first screening tool in investigating superficial tissue lesions. US is a safe (no ionizing radiation), portable, easily repeatable, and cheap form of imaging compared to other imaging modalities. US is an excellent imaging modality to determine the nature of a mass lesion (cystic or solid) and its anatomic relation to adjoining structures. Masses can be characterized in terms of their size, number, component, and vascularity with US and Doppler US especially with power Doppler US. US, however, is operator dependent and has a number of artifacts that can result in misinterpretation.

In this review, we emphasize the role of ultrasound, particularly power Doppler, in superficial soft-tissue lesions.
Efficacy of Subcutaneous Bortezomib in the Management of Patients with Multiple Myeloma or Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Podar Klaus
Published: February 2014

The identification of the ubiquitin–proteasome system as a new therapeutic target has been one of the most recent successes in cancer treatment. The development and clinical approval of the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib has revolutionized the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In MM, bortezomib is now integrated in induction, conditioning, consolidation, maintenance, and salvage treatment protocols. Bortezomib-based regimens provide high remission rates and confer significant survival advantage compared to conventional chemotherapy in both the bone marrow transplant and non-transplant setting. In MCL, overall response rates in patients who have received at least one prior therapy range from 30 to 45%, even in chemotherapy resistant patients. Clinical trials to further improve the sequencing of bortezomib-containing combination therapies are ongoing. Until recently, intravenous injection was the standard route of bortezomib administration. However, severe adverse side effects, peripheral neuropathy in particular, were observed in up to 16% of MM patients and up to 54% of MCL patients treated with intravenous bortezomib, with grade 3 and 4 in 11 and 12% of patients, respectively. Moreover, complete remission rates, if at all, are low and duration of response is short both in MM and MCL. These limitations may be overcome by changing the method of bortezomib administration as well as by rationally combining bortezomib with other therapeutic agents. Indeed, recent data demonstrate that subcutaneous bortezomib administration is non-inferior to intravenous administration, with an improved systemic safety profile, good local tolerance, and a more convenient route of administration. Based on these data, subcutaneous bortezomib injection was approved as a supplemental new drug application for all approved indications in MM and MCL after at least one prior therapy. More than 30 clinical trials in MM and MCL are currently ongoing to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of subcutaneous bortezomib also in induction, maintenance, and salvage therapy.
Determination of optimal harvest boundaries for Honeycrisp™ fruit using a new chlorophyll meter
Authors: DeLong John , Prange Robert , Harrison Peter , Nichols Douglas , Wright Harrison
Published: February 2014

DeLong, J., Prange, R., Harrison, P., Nichols, D. and Wright, H. 2014. Determination of optimal harvest boundaries for Honeycrisp™ fruit using a new chlorophyll meter. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 361–369. In this study, a new chlorophyll measurement tool [the delta absorbance (DA) meter] was used to develop an optimal harvest maturity model for Honeycrisp™ fruit. Apples from nine commercial orchards in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada, were sampled over 11 consecutive weekly harvests during the 2010, 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. At each harvest, a sample of fruit was measured for its DA (IAD) values, firmness, titratable acidity (TA),% soluble solids content (SSC), red skin coloration and internal core ethylene. Following approximately 3 mo of storage at 3.5°C, samples were removed and assessed for disorder incidence. The optimal harvest period was identified by aligning all “at harvest” IAD values, fruit quality measurements and “post-storage” disorder data with the corresponding harvest week. Then, the IAD values associated with the harvests having high commercial fruit quality and the least collective expression of disorders, delineated the optimal harvest boundaries. As IAD units declined during fruit maturity, the upper boundary value of 0.59 was deemed “when to begin” harvest, while the lower boundary value of 0.36 was deemed “when to end” harvest for long-term storage. The use of the DA model approach for optimal harvest delineation is potentially applicable to all commercial apple cultivars, but should be developed for each within a distinct growing region.
The effect of seed size, seed treatment, seeding date and depth on Rhizoctonia seedling blight of canola
Authors: Hwang S. F. , Ahmed H. U. , Turnbull G. D. , Gossen B. D. , Strelkov S. E.
Published: February 2014

Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Turnbull, G. D., Gossen, B. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2014. The effect of seed size, seed treatment, seeding date and depth on Rhizoctonia seedling blight of canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 311–321. Rhizoctonia solani can have a substantial impact on seedling establishment and productivity of canola (Brassica napus). The effects of seeding date, seeding depth, seed size, and seed treatment on seedling blight of canola were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Early seeding resulted in higher seedling emergence in one trial year and higher seed yield in all trial years relative to a late-seeded treatment. Mid-sized seed (range 0.7–2.0 mm diam.) had greater seedling emergence in R. solani-inoculated growth medium in a greenhouse trial and higher seed yield in one of two field trials compared with smaller seed (<0.7 mm). In the greenhouse study, sowing of large seed resulted in greater plant height and shoot weight compared with sowing of smaller seed. The effect of seeding depth was significant only on shoot dry weight, which increased at a seeding depth of 2.6 cm. Seed treatment with Helix Xtra (thiamethoxam+difenconazole+metalaxyl+fludioxonil), and Prosper FX (clothianidin+carboxin+trifloxystrobin+metalaxyl) resulted in a significant increase in seedling emergence and yield compared with the inoculated control. These results indicate that fungicidal seed treatment can minimize the impact of R. solani on canola.
AAC Mirabel barley
Authors: Choo T. M. , Martin R. A. , Xue A. , MacDonald D. , Scott P. , Rowsell J. , Dion Y. , Rioux S.
Published: February 2014

Choo, T. M., Martin, R. A., Xue, A., MacDonald, D., Scott, P., Rowsell, J., Dion, Y. and Rioux, S. 2014. AAC Mirabel barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 465–468. AAC Mirabel is a six-row spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It has high grain yield and moderate resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus, powdery mildew, leaf rust, and loose smuts. AAC Mirabel performs well across Eastern Canada.
Lessons Learned from Community-Based Approaches to Sodium Reduction
Authors: Kane Heather , Strazza Karen , Losby Jan L. , Lane Rashon , Mugavero Kristy , Anater Andrea S. , Frost Corey , Margolis Marjorie , Hersey James
Published: February 2014

Purpose.

This article describes lessons from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiative encompassing sodium reduction interventions in six communities.

Design.

A multiple case study design was used.

Setting.

This evaluation examined data from programs implemented in six communities located in New York (Broome County, Schenectady County, and New York City); California (Los Angeles County and Shasta County); and Kansas (Shawnee County).

Subjects.

Participants (n = 80) included program staff, program directors, state-level staff, and partners.

Measures.

Measures for this evaluation included challenges, facilitators, and lessons learned from implementing sodium reduction strategies.

Analysis.

The project team conducted a document review of program materials and semistructured interviews 12 to 14 months after implementation. The team coded and analyzed data deductively and inductively.

Results.

Five lessons for implementing community-based sodium reduction approaches emerged: (1) build relationships with partners to understand their concerns, (2) involve individuals knowledgeable about specific venues early, (3) incorporate sodium reduction efforts and messaging into broader nutrition efforts, (4) design the program to reduce sodium gradually to take into account consumer preferences and taste transitions, and (5) identify ways to address the cost of lower-sodium products.

Conclusion.

The experiences of the six communities may assist practitioners in planning community-based sodium reduction interventions. Addressing sodium reduction using a community-based approach can foster meaningful change in dietary sodium consumption.
Evidence to Support Including Lifestyle Light-Intensity Recommendations in Physical Activity Guidelines for Older Adults
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Lee Hyo , Cardinal Bradley J.
Published: February 2014

Purpose.

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of objectively measured lifestyle light-intensity physical activity (LLPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with various biological markers and chronic diseases among a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults (65+ years).

Design.

A cross-sectional design was used for this study.

Setting.

Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006.

Subjects.

Subjects were 1,496 older U.S. adults.

Measures.

Participants wore an accelerometer for at least 4 days and completed questionnaires to assess sociodemographics and chronic disease information. Blood samples were taken to assess biological markers.

Analysis.

Adjusted Wald tests and Poisson regression were used to examine the association of LLPA and MVPA with biological markers and chronic disease.

Results.

Older adults engaging in ≥300 min/wk of LLPA had lower observed values for body mass index, waist circumference, C-reactive protein, and insulin resistance compared to those engaging in <300 min/wk of LLPA. Additionally, those engaging in <300 min/wk of LLPA had a rate 1.18 times greater for having chronic disease compared to those engaging in ≥300 min/wk of LLPA.

Conclusion.

In this national sample of older U.S. adults, participation in at least 300 min/wk of LLPA was associated with more favorable health outcomes. Future experimental studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Contribution of ammonium nitrate to aerosol optical depth and direct radiative forcing by aerosols over East Asia
Authors: Park R. S. , Lee S. , Shin S.-K. , Song C. H.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. This study focused on the contribution of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) to aerosol optical depth (AOD) and direct radiative forcing (DRF) by aerosols over an East Asian domain. In order to evaluate the contribution, chemistry-transport model (CTM)-estimated AOD was combined with satellite-retrieved AOD, utilizing a data assimilation technique, over East Asia for the entire year of 2006. Using the assimilated AOD and CTM-estimated aerosol optical properties, the DRF by aerosols was estimated over East Asia via a radiative transfer model (RTM). Both assimilated AOD and estimated DRF values showed relatively good agreements with AOD and DRF by aerosols from AERONET. Based on these results, the contributions of NH4NO3 to AOD and DRF by aerosols (ΦAOD and ΦDRF) were estimated for the four seasons of 2006 over East Asia. Both ΦAOD and ΦDRF showed seasonal variations over East Asia within the ranges between 4.7% (summer) and 31.3% (winter) and between 4.7% (summer) and 30.7% (winter), respectively, under clear-sky conditions, showing annual average contributions of 15.6% and 15.3%. Under all-sky conditions, ΦDRF varied between 3.6% (summer) and 24.5% (winter), showing annual average contribution of 12.1% over East Asia. These annual average contributions of NH4NO3 to AOD and DRF are almost comparable to the annual average mass fractions of NH4NO3 in PM2.5 and PM10 (17.0% and 14.0%, respectively). ΦAOD and ΦDRF were even larger in the locations where NH3 and NOx emission rates are strong, such as the central East China (CEC) region and Sichuan Basin. For example, under clear-sky conditions, both ΦAOD and ΦDRF over the CEC region range between 6.9% (summer) and 47.9% (winter) and between 6.7% (summer) and 47.5% (winter), respectively. Based on this analysis, it was concluded that both ΦAOD and ΦDRF cannot be ignored in East Asian air quality and radiative forcing studies, particularly during winter.
Coupling earth system and integrated assessment models: the problem of steady state
Authors: Bond-Lamberty B. , Calvin K. , Jones A. D. , Mao J. , Patel P. , Shi X. , Thomson A. , Thornton P. , Zhou Y.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Human activities are significantly altering biogeochemical cycles at the global scale, posing a significant problem for earth system models (ESMs), which may incorporate static land-use change inputs but do not actively simulate policy or economic forces. One option to address this problem is to couple an ESM with an economically oriented integrated assessment model. Here we have implemented and tested a coupling mechanism between the carbon cycles of an ESM (CESM, the Community Earth System Model) and an integrated assessment (GCAM) model, examining the best proxy variables to share between the models, and quantifying our ability to distinguish climate- and land-use-driven flux changes. The net primary production and heterotrophic respiration outputs of the Community Land Model (CLM), the land component of CESM, were found to be the most robust proxy variables by which to manipulate GCAM's assumptions of long-term ecosystem steady state carbon, with short-term forest production strongly correlated with long-term biomass changes in climate-change model runs. Carbon-cycle effects of anthropogenic land-use change are short-term and spatially limited relative to widely distributed climate effects, and as a result we were able to distinguish these effects successfully in the model coupling, passing only the latter to GCAM. By allowing climate effects from a full earth system model to dynamically modulate the economic and policy decisions of an integrated assessment model, this work provides a foundation for linking these models in a robust and flexible framework capable of examining two-way interactions between human and earth system processes.
Where Is Xenophobia in the Fight against Racism?
Authors: Bernasconi Robert
Published: February 2014

What is at stake in identifying some actions or speech acts as racist as opposed to regarding them as “merely” xenophobic? If we understand racism as a system, how does this impact the way we address the distinction between the terms racism and xenophobia? My attempt to address these questions is guided by two observations drawn from the genealogy of the term racism. First, in the English language, the word was initially a synonym for Nazi anti-Semitism. The strategies to combat racism developed by UNESCO under the influence of Ashley Montagu and other followers of Franz Boas were set by the idea that what had to be opposed was primarily a biologically based racial ideology. However, the attempt to apply this model to the United States was problematized by Oliver Cromwell Cox already in the early 1940s, just as the application of this model to colonialism was opposed by Sartre and Fanon. Secondly, whereas race prejudice had at one time been thought of as natural, as xenophobia still tends to be today, what is called racism in English was from the outset thought of as acquired and blameworthy. As a result of this and other differences, the strategies needed to address racism and xenophobia are fundamentally different.
Arthur de Gobineau on Blood and Race
Authors: Nale John
Published: February 2014

The notion of racial blood in Gobineau's Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines is not deployed in a strictly physiological manner. Gobineau refers to blood in a number of passages designating a spiritual and historical substance accounting for the unity of a people. This use of the term cannot be discredited by a chemical or genetic analysis of the material blood because Gobineau is not engaged in a classification of physical body types but rather a historical explanation of civilizations’ progress and degeneration. The blood refers to more than a mere biological trait. And the term is deployed in an attempt to comprehend one's physical, psychical, social, political, and, above all, historical ways of being.
Diffuse esophageal spasm and detrusor spasm: Combined visceral neuromuscular disorders in a patient with William’s Syndrome
Authors: Ehrenpreis Jamie E. , Chiao Gene Z. , Ehrenpreis Eli D.
Published: February 2014

William’s Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder associated with developmental delay, gregarious personality, characteristic facies, multiple medical complications and valvular heart disease. Urologic and gastrointestinal complications including motor abnormalities and diverticulosis of the bladder and colon are commonly present. We present a case of a 37 year old male with William’s Syndrome who originally demonstrated typical bladder and bowel dysfunction associated with the condition, but also later developed severe dysphagia and associated weight loss. An esophagram revealed the presence of three large distal (epiphrenic) esophageal diverticula. These are most often caused by the presence of an underlying esophageal motility disorder. High-resolution esophageal manometry was performed and showed multiple simultaneous contractions and non-propagated contractions with swallowing maneuvers, consistent with the diagnosis of diffuse esophageal spasm (DES). This is the first case of an esophageal motor disorder described in a patient with William’s Syndrome and supports the concept that there is a generalized visceral neuromuscular dysfunction present in these patients.
Impact of ventricular arrhythmias on survival in patients after myocardial infarction
Authors: Mitręga Katarzyna Anna , Kolczyńska Agnieszka , Hanzel Joanna , Cebula Sylwia , Morawski Stanisław , Mencel Grzegorz , Kowalczyk Jacek , Kalarus Zbigniew , Średniawa Beata
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Despite the continuous development of new methods of pharmacological and invasive treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) the prognosis of long-term survival is still uncertain. Therefore, there is still need to look for new noninvasive predictors of death in patients after MI. Aim: To analyze the prognostic value of ventricular arrhythmias in predicting mortality following MI in long-term follow-up. Methods: We analyzed 390 consecutive patients (114 females and 276 males, aged 63.9 ± 11.15 years, mean EF: 43.8 ± 7.9%) with MI treated invasively.  On the 5th day after MI 24-hour digital Holter recording was performed to assess the number of premature ventricular beats (VPB) and their sustained forms such as: salvos and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (nsVT <  30 s). The large numbers of ventricular extrasystoles: ≥ 10 VPB / hour were considered as abnormal. In echocardiography the size of heart cavities and cardiac contractile function were evaluated. Within 30.1 ± 15.1 months of follow-up 38 patients died. Results: In the group of patients with MI the mean value of ventricular ectopy during the day was: 318.8 ± 1447.6. Large numbers of ventricular extrasystoles were observed in 75% patients, while nsVT in 6% patients. Significant differences in the incidence of death after MI were observed in patients with nsVT and ventricular salvos. In the group of patients who died in comparison to the group of patients who survived in long-term follow-up, a significantly less ventricular ectopic incidence was noted (9.83% vs 90.17%, p < 0.01). In patients who died after MI more premature ventricular beats (≥ 10 VPB / h) and a greater nsVT incidence were observed; however not significant. Moreover, in patients with MI the systolic and diastolic LV dimension, decreased values of hemoglobin, salvos and nsVT incidence are the independent risk factors of death. The strongest independent risk factor of death after MI is salvos (HR: 1.32, P < 0.01). Conclusions: In long term follow-up the largest differences in death were observed in patients with ventricular salvos and nsVT. Furthermore, ventricular salvos are the strongest independent risk factor of death in patients with AMI.
Physicochemical, Cooking Characteristics and Textural Properties of TOX 3145 Milled Rice
Authors: Odenigbo Amaka M. , Ngadi Michael , Ejebe Chijioke , Woin Noe , Ndindeng Sali A.
Published: February 2014

Quality of rice is an important criterion for the choice and demand by rice consumers and it is determined by physicochemical parameters. The objective of this research was to screen the physical, gelatinization, cooking and textural properties of an improved rice variety cultivated in Cameroon (TOX 3145). Three differently processed samples of TOX 3145: non-parboiled (NP), traditional parboiled (TP) and IRAD parboiled (IRAD) were involved in this study. The result revealed the grain dimension of samples as long and slender shape. The degree of redness among cooked and uncooked grains varied from -0.8 to -1.0 and 0.3 to 1.5, respectively while yellowness parameter ranged between 0.4 to 4.0 and 7.6 to 8.4, respectively. Lightness parameter (L*) varied from 59.4 to 61.8 in cooked samples. Minimum cooking time among samples was between 17.9-19.7 min. Highest elastic modulus and hardness (43.3 N/mm and 36.8 N, respectively) was found in TP sample. The NP sample had lowest adhesiveness (-0.76 J) and highest gumminess (6.40 J). Water uptake was positively correlated with amylose content (r = 0.84; P < 0.05) and lightness parameter (r = 0.92; P < 0.05).
Transnational Identities in Diaspora Writing: The Narratives of Vasily Yanovsky
Authors: Rubins Maria
Published: February 2014

Focusing on Vasily Yanovsky's prose fiction as a specific case study, this article sets modernist narratives informed by exile, dislocation, and migration in dialogue with the evolving theory of transnationalism. By engaging with the hybrid, cross-cultural nature of diaspora writing, this research challenges conventional, mono-national classifications based on the author's language and origin. Yanovsky's key texts transcending a range of boundaries (between Russian and English, fiction and nonfiction, Russian spirituality and western thought, science and fantasy) are brought to bear to demonstrate that language can be a matter of a writer's personal aesthetic choice, rather than a fixed marker of his appurtenance to a national canon. This article also argues for transnational identity as an intellectual and emotional, and thus translatable, affiliation, formed across national fault lines and cultural traditions.
Recalcitrant Women: Internationalism and the Redefinition of Welfare Limits in the Czechoslovak-Vietnamese Labor Exchange Program
Authors: Alamgir Alena K.
Published: February 2014

In this article, I analyze changes in the Czechoslovak-Vietnamese labor exchange program between 1967 and 1989, specifically Czechoslovak state policies toward pregnant Vietnamese workers. In the program, the Czechoslovak state's commitment to being a welfare provider was confronted with its commitment to socialist internationalism. The policies toward pregnant Vietnamese workers constituted a part of the process through which the Czechoslovak state was redefining the limits of care it saw itself obligated to provide. The conflict between the two states over the appropriate treatment of pregnant Vietnamese workers was also an outgrowth of a more general feature of Czechoslovak state socialism: the tension between the pressure to increase (or at least maintain) productivity and the pressure to increase fertility. The gradual transformation of the program into a more decentralized and market exchange-like form shaped the nature of the conflict, the attempts to resolve it, and the limited efficacy of the solutions.
Gastroesophageal Heterotopia and HER2/neu Overexpression in an Adenocarcinoma Arising From a Small Bowel Duplication
Authors: Nussbaum Daniel P. , Bhattacharya Syamal D. , Jiang Xiaoyin , Cardona Diana M. , Strickler John H. , Blazer Dan G.
Published: February 2014

Small bowel duplications are congenital structures commonly lined by heterotopic gastric or pancreatic mucosa. Though benign in children, small bowel duplications have the potential for malignant degeneration in adulthood. Here, we present the first reported case of metastatic adenocarcinoma arising from a small bowel duplication lined by gastroesophageal mucosa. The cancer demonstrated overexpression of the HER2/neu oncoprotein and amplification of the HER2/neu gene. This represents the only report of HER2 overexpression in this type of lesion. The patient is being treated with traditional chemotherapeutic agents in addition to monoclonal antibody therapy directed at the HER2 protein, and has demonstrated a clinical benefit from treatment. This case demonstrates that the anatomic location of a mass may be distinct from its biological origin, and this difference may have important practical implications for diagnostic testing and treatment.
Müllerianosis of the Urinary Bladder: A Rare Tumorlike Lesion
Authors: Branca Giovanni , Barresi Valeria
Published: February 2014

Müllerianosis was first described as a rare entity consisting of an admixture of cervical, tubaric, or endometrial epithelium within the lamina propria and muscularis propria of the urinary bladder. This lesion occurs mainly in the dome or posterior wall of the urinary bladder in women of fertile age. Its clinical presentation is characterized by hematuria, pelvic pain, and dysuria, nonspecific symptoms that are related to the responsiveness of müllerian glands to hormonal stimuli. The major interest of müllerianosis resides in its similarity, from clinical, cytologic, and histologic viewpoints, to more threatening conditions, such as neoplasias. The clinical context and the identification of periglandular endometrial stroma at histologic examination with conventional hematoxylin-eosin stain, as well as the immunohistochemical demonstration of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the glands, are of diagnostic utility in the differential diagnosis. Müllerianosis may be responsive to gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. Surgical resection may be justified in the case of clinical symptoms refractory to hormone therapy.
Politique PQ 2.0 : qui sont les blogueurs politiques québécois ?
Authors: Giasson Thierry , Darisse Cyntia , Raynauld Vincent
Published: February 2014

L’article présente les résultats du premier sondage mené auprès de participants de la blogosphère politique québécoise. Les données tirées de l’enquête permettent de tracer le profil sociopolitique des blogueurs politiques québécois, d’identifier leurs habitudes « bloguistiques », leurs visions de la démocratie et les motivations qui les guident dans leur activité de rédaction en ligne. Les conclusions indiquent que, d’un point de vue politique, les blogueurs québécois se démarquent de l’ensemble nord-américain mais également de la société québécoise en général. Ce double constat d’une blogosphère politique québécoise « distincte » s’explique en majeure partie par le statut minoritaire de la nation québécoise.
La proportionnelle a-t-elle des effets vertueux ? Une étude expérimentale
Authors: Labbé St-Vincent Simon
Published: February 2014

Des élections expérimentales faites à Montréal, Paris et Bruxelles permettent de comparer l’influence directe du mode de scrutin sur la décision des électeurs de voter ou non, et de voter pour leur parti préféré ou non. En tout, 16 groupes de 21 électeurs votent sous différents systèmes électoraux, soit le système uninominal à un tour et la représentation proportionnelle. Les préférences sont attribuées aléatoirement et connues de tous les participants. Nos résultats indiquent que le vote n’est pas globalement plus sincère et que la participation électorale n’est pas plus élevée lorsque le nombre de sièges pouvant être remportés augmente. Toutefois, nous observons moins de désertion d’un petit parti sous le système proportionnel.
L’UNESCO face à l’enjeu « commerce-culture »
Authors: Vlassis Antonios
Published: February 2014

Le présent article tente de saisir l’action politique du secrétariat de l’UNESCO vis-à-vis de la gestion de l’interface entre le commerce et la culture, ainsi que ses marges de manoeuvre face aux entrepreneurs de la diversité des expressions culturelles. Alors que la plupart des études relatives à cet enjeu supposent que le secrétariat général reste largement favorable au processus de l’élaboration et de la mise en oeuvre de la Convention sur la diversité culturelle, nous nous interrogeons ici sur les conditions – empiriquement sondées – qui permettent au secrétariat d’agir. Notre analyse démonte alors l’idée courante selon laquelle l’UNESCO était à l’avant-garde de la Convention et illustre les raisons pour lesquelles l’organisation a adopté une position conservatrice sur cette question et a mis en oeuvre un certain nombre de stratégies qui tiennent compte de logiques institutionnelles propres à l’UNESCO.
Pour un renouvellement du questionnement sur la société civile égyptienne
Authors: Ben Néfissa Sarah
Published: February 2014

Cet article a pour objectif de renouveler le questionnement sur la société civile égyptienne en proposant une démarche susceptible de lever les apories du débat classique sur celle-ci. La démarche repose sur la distinction entre la société civile comme unrépertoire de l’actionpour les acteurs sociaux et politiques et la société civile comme unconceptformulé par les scientifiques. Le texte montre ainsi que le renouvellement du concept de société civile proposé par Jean Cohen et Andrew Arato peut être utile pour comprendre le processus d’autonomisation de la société civile égyptienne des dernières années. Le texte met l’accent sur le redémarrage du parcours historique de la notion de société civile en Égypte à la suite de la révolution du 25 janvier 2011 avec le débat en cours sur la question de la « civilité » de l’État égyptien et de ses rapports avec la religion et l’institution militaire. La dernière partie de l’article constate toutefois que la distinction entre les deux registres de discours sur la société civile est difficile à faire. Les luttes de définitions de la société civile au sein du milieu scientifique revêtent une telle intensité qu’elles nuisent à l’obtention d’un consensus scientifique minimal sur cette notion.
Design and evaluation of a 67% area-less 64-bit parallel reconfigurable 6-input nonvolatile logic element using domain-wall motion devices
Authors: Suzuki Daisuke , Natsui Masanori , Mochizuki Akira , Hanyu Takahiro
Published: February 2014

A 6-input nonvolatile logic element (NV-LE) using domain-wall motion (DWM) devices is presented for low-power and real-time reconfigurable logic LSI applications. Because the write current path of a DWM device is separated from its read current path and the resistance value of the write current path is quite small, multiple DWM devices can be reprogrammed in parallel, thus affording real-time logic-function reconfiguration within a few nanoseconds. Moreover, by merging a circuit component between combinational and sequential logic functions, transistor counts can be minimized. As a result, 2-ns 64-bit-parallel circuit reconfiguration is realized by the proposed 6-input NV-LE with 67% lesser area than a conventional CMOS-based alternative, with a simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulation under a 90 nm CMOS/MTJ technologies.
A Corporation Cyber War Strategy
Authors: AbuAli Amer Nizar , Sisan Saeb
Published: February 2014

A corporation cyber war is a new type of attack that will be considered as a more dangerous attack faces the different corporations in each country in the world. The importance of a corporation cyber war now increases more and more, because of its large passive impact on a corporations work. So each country must start to defend against this type of this attack by preparing efficient strategies to reduce impacts of corporation cyber war attack to acceptable level. This paper will mention strategy to defend against corporation cyber war, which can be considered as a first step toward protecting corporations from corporation cyber war threat in efficient way and using understandable approach. Most research papers focus on cyber war between countries while our research contribution focuses on new side by focus on using of cyber war as a tool that can be used by one company against other companies by show how to prevent information warfare between companies from strategically view to help countries to address this issue and we take Jordan as a case study, so this research results can be increased trust on computing for society by increasing security and encourage more investment in information technology through prevent abusing of computers.
Innovative Education Environment and Open Data Initiative:Steps towards User-Powered Society-Oriented Systems
Authors: Khriyenko O , Khriyenko T
Published: February 2014

The economy is not keeping pace with the increasing speed of technological evolution. The inadequacy of the current system of education is a possible reason for this. Evolution forces us to produce experts for tasks and businesses which do not yet exist, to teach them technologies which have not yet been devised. The best way to produce experts is to accentuate the learner’s best abilities and skills, assess the learner’s potential and develop it further. We badly need revolutionary methods to facilitate intelligent personalization of study processes and approaches to make innovative education content more attractive and motivational for the learner. Advanced information management services and platforms play a valuable role in education process development, enabling new generations of students and education-related content providers to create, share, search, combine and deliver reliable and competent information. Earlier learner involvement in study content co-creation or personalization processes might dramatically increase student motivation and speed up the study process. Like any other products or services, e-Learning services need marketing to attract customers and make them a valuable source. To achieve a vision of ubiquitous knowledge, the next generation of innovative education environments will apply the achievements of the Open Data initiative and move towards learner-driven society-oriented systems. Therefore, this paper touches on different aspects of co-creative innovative education environment and correspondent e-Learning marketing strategies.
Using a Class-Wide, Semester-Long Project to Teach Software Engineering Principles
Authors: Young Paul E , Needham Donald M
Published: February 2014

A senior-level, project-based Software Engineering course taught at the University of Central Arkansas serves as the capstone course for the Computer Science Program and introduces students to the theory, tools, and techniques used to build large-scale software systems in a project-driven setting. Foundational to the course is the use of a class-wide, semesterlong course project to emphasize the theoretical aspects of the software process and the system used for scoring student performance on the project. One project is selected for the entire class with students divided into teams of four to six students to support different functional requirement areas. A milestone-driven approach is used following a modified version of the Unified Process for project development. Student scores on the project are divided into a group score, assignable via a rubric-like grade sheet, and an individual score which is determined by the individual’s effort as assigned using the task-management tool, Issue-Tracker. Experiences gained and lessons learned in teaching the course are provided as a guide for those wishing to follow a similar approach to teaching Software Engineering in the future.
Analysis of magnetospheric ELF/VLF wave amplification from the Siple Transmitter experiment
Authors: Li J. D. , Spasojevic M. , Harid V. , Cohen M. B. , Gołkowski M. , Inan U.
Published: February 2014

Controlled experiments with dedicated ground‐based ELF/VLF (0.3–30 kHz) transmitters are invaluable in investigating nonlinear whistler mode wave‐particle interactions in the Earth's magnetosphere. The most productive such experiment operated between 1973 and 1988 near L=4 at Siple Station, Antarctica. A major effort has been undertaken to digitize and preserve a significant portion of the historical data set from the original magnetic tapes, and we describe here the data set and the processing techniques used to remove artifacts introduced during recording and playback. We analyze a commonly transmitted diagnostic format from 1986 and present statistics on the occurrence and properties of amplified ELF/VLF waves received by a ground‐based receiver at the geomagnetic conjugate location to Siple at Lake Mistissini, Quebec. For the interval examined, only 11% of Siple transmissions are successfully received in the conjugate hemisphere with quiet geomagnetic conditions being significantly more conducive to successful reception. The total growth for the events examined is estimated to be 5–40 dB, and nonlinear growth rates are in the range of 20–350 dB/s. The observations show that as the nonlinear growth rate increases, the duration of nonlinear growth decreases. Significant linear correlation is found between the noise floor and the saturation level, with higher noise floors resulting from increases in natural magnetospheric emissions. Finally, we find a lack of correlation between the nonlinear growth rate and the noise, threshold, and saturation levels.
Nonstationary magnetotelluric data processing with instantaneous parameter
Authors: Neukirch M. , Garcia X.
Published: February 2014

Nonstationarity in electromagnetic data affects the computation of Fourier spectra and therefore the traditional estimation of the magnetotelluric (MT) transfer functions (TF). We provide a TF estimation scheme based on an emerging nonlinear, nonstationary time series analysis tool, called empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and show that this technique can handle nonstationary effects with which traditional methods encounter difficulties. In contrast to previous works that employ EMD for MT data processing, we argue the advantages of a multivariate decomposition, highlight the possibility to use instantaneous parameters, and define the homogenization of frequency discrepancies between data channels. Our scheme uses the robust statistical estimation of transfer functions based on robust principal component analysis and a robust iteratively reweighted least squares regression with a Huber weight function. The scheme can be applied with and without aid of any number of available remote reference stations. Uncertainties are estimated by iterating the complete robust regression, including the robust weight computation, with a bootstrap routine. We apply our scheme to synthetic and real data (Southern Africa) with and without nonstationary character and compare different processing techniques to the one presented here. As a conclusion, nonstationary noise can heavily affect Fourier‐based MT data processing but the presented nonstationary approach is nonetheless able to extract the impedances.
Is there a discrepancy between geological and geodetic slip rates along the San Andreas Fault System?
Authors: Tong Xiaopeng , Smith‐Konter Bridget , Sandwell David T.
Published: February 2014

Previous inversions for slip rate along the San Andreas Fault System (SAFS), based on elastic half‐space models, show a discrepancy between the geologic and geodetic slip rates along a few major fault segments. In this study, we use an earthquake cycle model representing an elastic plate over a viscoelastic half‐space to demonstrate that there is no significant discrepancy between long‐term geologic and geodetic slip rates. The California statewide model includes 41 major fault segments having steady slip from the base of the locked zone to the base of the elastic plate and episodic shallow slip based on known historical ruptures and geologic recurrence intervals. The slip rates are constrained by 1981 secular velocity measurements from GPS and L‐band intereferometric synthetic aperture radar. A model with a thick elastic layer (60 km) and half‐space viscosity of 1019Pa s is preferred because it produces the smallest misfit to both the geologic and the geodetic data. We find that the geodetic slip rates from the thick plate model agrees to within the bounds of the geologic slip rates, while the rates from the elastic half‐space model disagree on specific important fault segments such as the Mojave and the North Coast segment of the San Andreas Fault. The viscoelastic earthquake cycle models have generally higher slip rates than the half‐space model because most of the faults along the SAFS are late in the earthquake cycle, so today they are moving slower than the long‐term cycle‐averaged velocity as governed by the viscoelastic relaxation process.
Influence of atmospheric structure and topography on infrasonic wave propagation
Authors: Lacanna G. , Ichihara M. , Iwakuni M. , Takeo M. , Iguchi M. , Ripepe M.
Published: February 2014

The effects of topography and atmospheric structures on infrasonic wave propagation from a volcanic source were investigated using observations and numerical modeling. This paper presents the first long‐term observational data set showing spatiotemporal variations in patterns of infrasound propagation at distances of up to 60 km from a persistently active infrasound source (Sakurajima Volcano, Japan). The data show that the amplitudes of infrasonic waves received at distant stations relative to those received at a reference station close to the source can vary up to an order of magnitude over short time intervals and short distances and that they do not follow the theoretical geometric decay expected for homogeneous media. Moreover, waveforms also change significantly in both time and space. Numerical simulations were performed using a two‐dimensional finite difference time domain (2‐D FDTD) method. Effects of atmospheric structure and topography are included in a vertical section parallel to the wave propagation direction. The simulation successfully reproduced the variations of amplitudes and waveforms. Results are interpreted in terms of wave refraction due to sound and wind speed gradients and wave diffraction at topographic barriers. Our numerical results indicate that both atmospheric and topographic propagation effects are nonnegligible. To evaluate the propagation effects and determine source processes in spatially and temporally varying infrasound data, atmospheric data with a time resolution higher than is currently available are required. If the data are available, the present results suggest that the propagation effects could be evaluated using 2‐D FDTD modeling at realistic calculation times.
Overgeneral Autobiographical Memories: Gender Differences in Depression
Authors: Ros Laura , Ricarte Jorge J. , Serrano Juan P. , Nieto Marta , Aguilar Maria J. , Latorre Jose M.
Published: February 2014

Considering the higher prevalence of depression in women than in men, the study of the variables that underlie this gender difference becomes important for both the prevention and the treatment of depression. This study explores gender differences in the relationship between depressive symptoms, rumination, repressive coping, and overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM) in a nonclinical population. There are 141 men and 148 women who completed the measures of depression, rumination, and repression, and the Autobiographical Memory Test to assess OGM. Women remembered a higher number of specific memories than men. Most importantly, results showed a different pattern of association between rumination, repression, depression, and OGM by gender. Depressive symptoms were associated with repressive coping and OGM in women. However, depressive symptomatology was related to repressive coping but not to OGM in men. These results suggest that the role of OGM in depression may be less important in men than in women. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remote Biosensing with Polychromatic Optical Waveguide Using Blue Light‐Emitting Organic Nanowires Hybridized with Quantum Dots
Authors: Cho Eun Hei , Kim Bong‐Gi , Jun Sumin , Lee Jubok , Park Dong Hyuk , Lee Kwang‐Sup , Kim Jeongyong , Kim Jinsang , Joo Jinsoo
Published: February 2014

Nanometer‐scale optical waveguides are attractive due to their potential applicability in photonic integration, optoelectronic communication, and optical sensors. Nanoscale white light‐emitting and/or polychromatic optical waveguides are desired for miniature white‐light generators in microphotonic circuits. Here, polychromatic (i.e., blue, green, and red) optical waveguiding characteristics are presented using a novel hybrid composite of highly crystalline blue light‐emitting organic nanowires (NWs) combined with blue, green, and red CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). Near white‐color waveguiding is achieved for organic NWs hybridized with green and red QDs. Light, emitted from QDs, can be transferred to the organic NW and then optically waveguided through highly packed π‐conjugated organic molecules in the NW with different decay characteristics. Remote biosensing using dye‐attached biomaterials is presented by adapting the transportation of QD‐emitted light through the organic NW.