bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity moderates the association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and infant cord blood omega-3 levels
Authors: Costello Lauren A. , Ziegler Katherine , McCormack Lacey , Akbaryan Anahid , Vargas Julianna Collazo , Harris William S. , Jackson Kristina H. , Barber Maria , Morales Santiago , Elliott Amy J. , Hockett Christine , Shuffrey Lauren C.
Published: August 2024

Background

Empirical evidence has demonstrated associations between pre-pregnancy obesity and perinatal maternal depressive symptoms. Omega-3 is an essential fatty acid derived from dietary sources that is critical for fetal brain development. Pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with higher omega-3 intake, but a weaker association between dietary intake and respective maternal and cord blood omega-3 levels. Further, lower intake of omega-3 during pregnancy has been linked to higher depressive symptoms. Yet, prior studies have not examined the interactive effects of pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity (OWOB) and prenatal maternal mental health symptoms on infant cord blood omega-3 levels.

Methods

Participants included 394 maternal-infant dyads from the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) - Safe Passage Study in South Dakota. A pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) > 25 was used to dichotomize participants as OWOB (54%) vs. non-OWOB (46%). Prenatal maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and prenatal maternal anxiety symptoms were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We implemented linear regression models to examine the interaction term between pre-pregnancy BMI category and prenatal maternal mental health symptoms on cord blood omega-3 levels. Secondary analyses were stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI category.

Results

We observed a significant interaction between pre-pregnancy BMI category and prenatal maternal depressive symptoms with cord blood omega-3 (F(4,379) = 6.21, p < .0001, adj. R2 = 0.05). Stratified models revealed an association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms with lower cord blood omega-3 levels only among individuals with pre-pregnancy OWOB (β = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.11, -0.02; F (2,208) = 4.00, p < .05, adj R2 = 0.03). No associations were observed among non-OWOB participants.

Conclusions

Findings suggest maternal-placental transfer of omega-3 may represent one pathway by which maternal metabolic and mental health impacts infant development.
The impact of eating alone on food intake and everyday eating routines: A cross-sectional study of community-living 70- to 75-year-olds in Sweden
Authors: Björnwall Amanda , Colombo Patricia Eustachio , Sydner Ylva Mattsson , Neuman Nicklas
Published: August 2024

Background

Eating is fundamental not only to survival and health, but also to how humans organise their social lives. Eating together with others is often seen as the healthy ideal, while eating alone is highlighted as a risk factor for negative health outcomes, especially among older adults. This paper, therefore, investigates the relationship between the frequency and subjective experience of eating alone and food-related outcomes among 70- to 75-year-olds in Sweden.

Methods

A survey was distributed to a nationally representative random sample of 1500 community-living in Sweden, aged 70–75 years. Two different constructs of eating alone (objective and subjective) were measured, along with the following food-related outcomes: a food index, intake of food groups, consumption of ready-made meals, number of main meals per day, and body mass index (BMI).

Results

In total, 695 respondents were included in the final sample. A quarter of the respondents were categorised as eating alone, of which a small proportion reported that doing so bothered them. There were no associations between eating alone and food index scores, BMI, or intake frequencies of fruits and berries, or fish and shellfish. However, people eating alone were less likely to report eating three meals per day (OR: 0.53, CI: 0.37–0.76, p = 0.006), less likely to report higher intake frequencies of vegetables and snacks, sugary foods, and sweet drinks (adjusted OR: 0.68, CI: 0.48–0.95, p = 0.023 resp. OR: 0.59, CI: 0.43–0.81, p = 0.001), and more likely to report higher intake frequencies of ready-made meals (adjusted OR: 3.71, CI: 2.02–6.84, p < 0.001) compared to those eating together with others. The subjective experience of eating alone did not have an impact on food-related outcomes.

Conclusion

Eating alone or with others played a role in participants’ food intake, and seemed to influence aspects of the organisation of everyday eating routines rather than overall dietary healthiness or weight status. Our findings add to the previous body of research on commensality, eating alone, and health among the older population, providing insights into the development of future health policies and research.
Practicable strategies parents can apply in their daily routine to successfully implement the 50/50-split-model of paid work, childcare, and housework: a qualitative content analysis
Authors: Schaber Ronja , Simm Josefine , Patella Tirza , Garthus-Niegel Susan
Published: August 2024

Background

Many young couples are planning to share paid work, childcare, and housework equally between each other. But implementing such a 50/50-split-model is difficult and parents often return to traditional gender role distributions after the birth of a child. This return has potential negative effects on mental health, physical health, and relationship satisfaction. Therefore, this study aims to find practicable strategies on a behavioral-level which new parents can apply in their daily routine to successfully implement the 50/50-split-model if they wish to do so.

Methods

This qualitative study, DREAMTALK, is part of the multi-method, prospective Dresden Study on Parenting, Work, and Mental Health (DREAM). For DREAMTALK, N = 25 parents implementing a 50/50-split-model were selected based on quantitative data regarding time use, which participants had provided in questionnaires. In DREAMTALK, problem-centered interviews were conducted with the selected sample at 17 months postpartum. Those were analyzed via qualitative content analysis, which is systematic, rule-guided, and based on the criteria of validity and reliability.

Results

The qualitative content analysis revealed a catalog of 38 practicable strategies to manage daily routine, which can help parents to successfully implement a 50/50-split-model. Individual participants used 23 success strategies on average. Examples include having a regular coordination appointment with the other parent, planning foresightedly, flexibility, reducing cleaning, optimization of routes, or moderate split-shift parenting. Some of these strategies seem opposing, e.g., planning foresightedly, and at the same time, meeting unpredicted changes with flexibility. Those seemingly opposing strategies were well balanced by the participants, which was an additional strategy.

Conclusions

Parents can use the success strategies relatively independently of external circumstances. This behavioral perspective extends prior theories, which have focused on explaining unequal gender role distributions with external circumstances. A behavioral perspective can be a gateway to assist more parents to pioneer in implementing the 50/50-split-model, which might in turn lead to a healthier and more satisfied public population.
Sociodemographic inequalities in breast cancer screening attendance in Germany following the implementation of an Organized Screening Program: Scoping Review
Authors: Pedrós Barnils Núria , Härtling Victoria , Singh Himal , Schüz Benjamin
Published: August 2024

Background

Organized breast cancer screening (BCS) programs are effective measures among women aged 50–69 for preventing the sixth cause of death in Germany. Although the implementation of the national screening program started in 2005, participation rates have not yet reached EU standards. It is unclear which and how sociodemographic factors are related to BCS attendance. This scoping review aims to identify sociodemographic inequalities in BCS attendance among 50-69-year-old women following the implementation of the Organized Screening Program in Germany.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched the Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL following the PCC (Population, Concept and Context) criteria. We included primary studies with a quantitative study design and reviews examining BCS attendance among women aged 50–69 with data from 2005 onwards in Germany. Harvest plots depicting effect size direction for the different identified sociodemographic inequalities and last two years or less BCS attendance and lifetime BCS attendance were developed.

Results

We screened 476 titles and abstracts and 33 full texts. In total, 27 records were analysed, 14 were national reports, and 13 peer-reviewed articles. Eight sociodemographic variables were identified and summarised in harvest plots: age, education, income, migration status, type of district, employment status, partnership cohabitation and health insurance. Older women with lower incomes and migration backgrounds who live in rural areas and lack private insurance respond more favourably to BCS invitations. However, from a lifetime perspective, these associations only hold for migration background, are reversed for income and urban residency, and are complemented by partner cohabitation. Finally, women living in the former East German states of Saxony, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia, as well as in the former West German state of Lower Saxony, showed higher BCS attendance rates in the last two years.

Conclusion

High-quality research is needed to identify women at higher risk of not attending BCS in Germany to address the existing research’s high heterogeneity, particularly since the overall attendance rate still falls below European standards.

Protocol registration

https://osf.io/x79tq/.
Biodistribution of cerium dioxide and titanium dioxide nanomaterials in rats after single and repeated inhalation exposures
Authors: Gosens Ilse , Minnema Jordi , Boere A. John F. , Duistermaat Evert , Fokkens Paul , Vidmar Janja , Löschner Katrin , Bokkers Bas , Costa Anna L. , Peters Ruud J.B. , Delmaar Christiaan , Cassee Flemming R.
Published: August 2024

Background

Physiologically based kinetic models facilitate the safety assessment of inhaled engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). To develop these models, high quality datasets on well-characterized ENMs are needed. However, there are at present, several data gaps in the systemic availability of poorly soluble particles after inhalation. The aim of the present study was therefore to acquire two comparable datasets to parametrize a physiologically-based kinetic model.

Method

Rats were exposed to cerium dioxide (CeO2, 28.4 ± 10.4 nm) and titanium dioxide (TiO2, 21.6 ± 1.5 nm) ENMs in a single nose-only exposure to 20 mg/m3 or a repeated exposure of 2 × 5 days to 5 mg/m3. Different dose levels were obtained by varying the exposure time for 30 min, 2 or 6 h per day. The content of cerium or titanium in three compartments of the lung (tissue, epithelial lining fluid and freely moving cells), mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidney, blood and excreta was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) at various time points post-exposure. As biodistribution is best studied at sub-toxic dose levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, total cell numbers and differential cell counts were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).

Results

Although similar lung deposited doses were obtained for both materials, exposure to CeO2 induced persistent inflammation indicated by neutrophil granulocytes influx and exhibited an increased lung elimination half-time, while exposure to TiO2 did not. The lavaged lung tissue contained the highest metal concentration compared to the lavage fluid and cells in the lavage fluid for both materials. Increased cerium concentrations above control levels in secondary organs such as lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidney, urine and faeces were detected, while for titanium this was found in lymph nodes and liver after repeated exposure and in blood and faeces after a single exposure. Conclusion: We have provided insight in the distribution kinetics of these two ENMs based on experimental data and modelling. The study design allows extrapolation at different dose-levels and study durations. Despite equal dose levels of both ENMs, we observed different distribution patterns, that, in part may be explained by subtle differences in biological responses in the lung.
Prehospital treatment of severely burned patients: a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to the Berlin burn centre
Authors: Josuttis David , Kruse Marianne , Plettig Philip , Lenz Ida Katinka , Gümbel Denis , Hartmann Bernd , Kuepper Simon Steffan , Gebhardt Volker , Schmittner Marc Dominik
Published: August 2024

Background

Prehospital management of severely burned patients is extremely challenging. It should include adequate analgesia, decision-making on the necessity of prehospital endotracheal intubation and the administration of crystalloid fluids. Guidelines recommend immediate transport to specialised burn centres when certain criteria are met. To date, there is still insufficient knowledge on the characteristics of prehospital emergency treatment. We sought to investigate the current practice and its potential effects on patient outcome.

Methods

We conducted a single centre, retrospective cohort analysis of severely burned patients (total burned surface area > 20%), admitted to the Berlin burn centre between 2014 and 2019. The relevant data was extracted from Emergency Medical Service reports and digital patient charts for exploratory data analysis. Primary outcome was 28-day-mortality.

Results

Ninety patients (male/female 60/30, with a median age of 52 years [interquartile range, IQR 37–63], median total burned surface area 36% [IQR 25–51] and median body mass index 26.56 kg/m2 [IQR 22.86–30.86] were included. The median time from trauma to ED arrival was 1 h 45 min; within this time, on average 1961 ml of crystalloid fluid (0.48 ml/kg/%TBSA, IQR 0.32–0.86) was administered. Most patients received opioid-based analgesia. Times from trauma to ED arrival were longer for patients who were intubated. Neither excessive fluid treatment (> 1000 ml/h) nor transport times > 2 h was associated with higher mortality. A total of 31 patients (34,4%) died within the hospital stay. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that non-survival was linked to age > 65 years (odds ratio (OR) 3.5, 95% CI: 1.27–9.66), inhalation injury (OR 3.57, 95% CI: 1.36–9.36), burned surface area > 60% (OR 5.14, 95% CI 1.57–16.84) and prehospital intubation (5.38, 95% CI: 1.92–15.92).

Conclusion

We showed that severely burned patients frequently received excessive fluid administration prehospitally and that this was not associated with more hemodynamic stability or outcome. In our cohort, patients were frequently intubated prehospitally, which was associated with increased mortality rates. Further research and emergency medical staff training should focus on adequate fluid application and cautious decision-making on the risks and benefits of prehospital intubation.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trial Registry (ID: DRKS00033516).
Herpes zoster and long-term risk of subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Yeh Tian-Shin , Curhan Gary C. , Yawn Barbara P. , Willett Walter C. , Curhan Sharon G.
Published: August 2024

Background

Herpes zoster (HZ), commonly known as “shingles,” may contribute to cognitive decline through mechanisms such as neuroinflammation or direct neuronal injury. However, evidence on the longitudinal association between HZ and cognitive decline is conflicting and whether the risk differs by APOE ε4-carrier status has not been studied; prospective cohort studies on the association between HZ vaccination and cognitive decline are also lacking.

Methods

We included 149,327 participants from three large cohorts—the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHSII, and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS)—to prospectively examine the association between HZ and subsequent subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Poisson regression was used to estimate the multivariable-adjusted relative risk (MVRR) of a 3-unit increment in SCD score according to years since HZ compared with participants with no history of HZ.

Results

Compared with individuals with no history of HZ, the MVRR (95% CI) of a 3-unit increment in SCD score was significantly and independently higher among individuals with a history of HZ, but the duration of time since HZ when the elevated risk of SCD was statistically significant differed among the cohorts. In NHS, HZ was associated with higher long-term risk of SCD; compared with individuals with no history of HZ, the MVRR (95% CI) of a 3-unit increment in SCD score was 1.14 (1.01, 1.32) for ≥ 13 years since HZ. In NHS II, HZ was associated with higher risk of SCD in both the short-term [MVRR 1.34 (1.18, 1.53) for 1–4 years] and long-term [MVRR 1.20 (1.08, 1.34) for ≥ 13 years since HZ]. In HPFS, an elevated risk of SCD was suggested across all time points. Among the subset of participants with information on APOE ε4, there was a suggestion that the association differed by APOE ε4 carrier status, but the results were not consistent between women and men. Among the subset of women with information on HZ vaccination, there was a suggestion that the long-term risk of SCD may be greater among women who were not vaccinated against HZ.

Conclusions

Data from three large independent cohorts of women and men showed that HZ was associated with higher long-term risk of SCD, and the risk may differ by APOE ε4-carrier status.
Standards for conducting and reporting consensus and recommendation documents: European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology policy from the Guidelines Committee
Authors: Lupi Amalia , Suchá Dominika , Cundari Giulia , Fink Nicola , Alkadhi Hatem , Budde Ricardo P. J. , Caobelli Federico , De Cecco Carlo N. , Galea Nicola , Hrabak-Paar Maja , Loewe Christian , Luetkens Julian , Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Natale Luigi , Nikolaou Konstantin , Pirnat Maja , Saba Luca , Salgado Rodrigo , Williams Michelle C. , Wintersperger Bernd J. , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Francone Marco , Pepe Alessia
Published: August 2024

Cardiovascular imaging is exponentially increasing in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic management of patients with cardiovascular disease. The European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) is a non-profit scientific medical society dedicated to promoting and coordinating activities in cardiovascular imaging. The purpose of this paper, written by ESCR committees and Executive board members and approved by the ESCR Executive Board and Guidelines committee, is to codify a standardized approach to creating ESCR scientific documents. Indeed, consensus development methods must be adopted to ensure transparent decision-making that optimizes national and global health and reaches a certain scientific credibility. ESCR consensus documents developed based on a rigorous methodology will improve their scientific impact on the management of patients with cardiac involvement.

Critical relevance statement

This document aims to codify the methodology for producing consensus documents of the ESCR. These ESCR indications will broaden the scientific quality and credibility of further publications and, consequently, the impact on the diagnostic management of patients with cardiac involvement.

Key Points

Cardiovascular imaging is exponentially increasing for diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic management.

The ESCR is committed to promoting cardiovascular imaging.

A rigorous methodology for ESCR consensus documents will improve their scientific impact.
Training on contrast-enhanced ultrasound LI-RADS classification for resident radiologists: a retrospective comparison of performance after training
Authors: Dai Ting , Zhu Hongjing , Qiao Meng , Song Yuxuan , Sun Yu , Meng Xia , Sun Zhixia
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the effects and benefits of training radiology residents on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) according to the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS).

Methods

In total, 234 patients at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent CEUS were enrolled, including 27 lesions in the education set and 207 lesions in the test sets (a–d). Forty-five radiology residents and 4 radiology experts involved in CEUS LI-RADS training individually reviewed the test sets before, immediately after, and 3-months after training. The consistency with kappa values of the description of CEUS features, the classification of focal liver lesions (FLLs), and the diagnostic performance were evaluated.

Results

The level of agreement between the radiology experts and residents improved after training (all p < 0.05), while there were no significant differences between the post-training and 3-months post-training results (all p > 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and area under the curve (AUC) based on the CEUS LI-RADS classification of the radiology experts in the diagnosis of HCC were 62.9%, 96.4%, 96.3%, and 0.796, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the radiology residents significantly improved after training (all p < 0.05). Misunderstanding of definitions and subjective interpretation of images were the main reasons for disagreement with multiple responses.

Conclusion

Dedicated CEUS LI-RADS training improved the performance of radiology residents in diagnosing FLLs and their agreement with radiology experts on CEUS features. Images and videos to explain typical features of the training were essential to improve agreement between the radiology experts and residents.

Critical relevance statement

Agreement on lesion descriptors between radiology experts and residents can improve with training.

Key Points

The diagnostic performance of less experienced radiologists for diagnosing HCC could be improved by training.

Images and videos to explain typical features during training were essential.

Agreement on lesion descriptors between radiology experts and residents improved after training.

Graphical Abstract
Trends and hotspots of energy-based imaging in thoracic disease: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Chen Yufan , Wu Ting , Zhu Yangtong , Chen Jiawei , Gao Chen , Wu Linyu
Published: August 2024

Objective

To conduct a bibliometric analysis of the prospects and obstacles associated with dual- and multi-energy CT in thoracic disease, emphasizing its current standing, advantages, and areas requiring attention.

Methods

The Web of Science Core Collection was queried for relevant publications in dual- and multi-energy CT and thoracic applications without a limit on publication date or language. The Bibliometrix packages, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace were used for data analysis. Bibliometric techniques utilized were co-authorship analyses, trend topics, thematic map analyses, thematic evolution analyses, source’s production over time, corresponding author’s countries, and a treemap of authors’ keywords.

Results

A total of 1992 publications and 7200 authors from 313 different sources were examined in this study. The first available document was published in November 1982, and the most cited article was cited 1200 times. Siemens AG in Germany emerged as the most prominent author affiliation, with a total of 221 published articles. The most represented scientific journals were the “European Radiology” (181 articles, h-index = 46), followed by the “European Journal of Radiology” (148 articles, h-index = 34). Most of the papers were from Germany, the USA, or China. Both the keyword and topic analyses showed the history of dual- and multi-energy CT and the evolution of its application hotspots in the chest.

Conclusion

Our study illustrates the latest advances in dual- and multi-energy CT and its increasingly prominent applications in the chest, especially in lung parenchymal diseases and coronary artery diseases. Photon-counting CT and artificial intelligence will be the emerging hot technologies that continue to develop in the future.

Critical relevance statement

This study aims to provide valuable insights into energy-based imaging in chest disease, validating the clinical application of multi-energy CT together with photon-counting CT and effectively increasing utilization in clinical practice.

Key Points

Bibliometric analysis is fundamental to understanding the current and future state of dual- and multi-energy CT.

Research trends and leading topics included coronary artery disease, pulmonary embolism, and radiation dose.

All analyses indicate a growing interest in the use of energy-based imaging techniques for thoracic applications.

Graphical Abstract
Effects of superplasticizer on properties of calcined ginger nuts-based grouting material for earthen site cracks
Authors: Wen Xin , Wang Nan , Zhang Jingke , Zhang Lixiang , Wei Yanfei , Gu Wenting
Published: August 2024

Grout injection is an effective technique for repairing cracks in earthen sites. This study aims to address the challenges of Calcined Ginger Nuts (CGN)-based grout and enhance its engineering performance by investigating the compatibility of different superplasticizers. We examined the effects of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer (PCE) and Naphthalene Superplasticizer (PNS) on the properties of CGN-based grout, focusing on fluidity, rheological properties, mechanical strength, volume stability, color difference, and pore structure. The engineering applicability of the optimized CGN-based grout with superplasticizers was assessed using COMSOL Multiphysics. The results show that fluidity increased with higher dosages of PCE and PNS. The grout containing these superplasticizers behaved as a shear-thinning fluid, following the power law model. Specifically, the consistency coefficient of grout with 0.5 wt% PCE and PNS decreased by 39.73% and 64.83%, respectively. Additionally, 2.9 wt% PCE and PNS reduced volume shrinkage rate by 6.86% and 6.27%, respectively. Initially, increasing the dosage of PCE and PNS improved compressive and flexural strength, but these properties later declined. XRD analysis revealed that PNS above 1.1 wt% and PCE weakened the hydration reaction, while both superplasticizers promoted carbonation. Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) showed that 1.1 wt% PCE and PNS reduced the proportion of capillary pores by 13.79% and 10.11%, respectively. Based on these findings, 0.5 wt% PNS demonstrated the best compatibility with CGN-based grout, whereas PCE showed poor compatibility. Numerical simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics confirmed that 0.5 wt% PNS provided superior grouting effectiveness. Therefore, the CGN based grout with 0.5wt% PNS demonstrates excellent engineering performance and applicability. This study offers valuable insights into optimizing CGN-based grout for the preservation of earthen sites.
A new insight on the genus Pteridium (Dennstaedtiaceae) in Europe based on a revision in the flora of Slovakia
Authors: Peregrym Mykyta , Turisová Ingrid , Turis Peter
Published: August 2024

Background

The genus Pteridium Gled. ex Scop. was thought to be monotypic with the cosmopolitan species P. aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. for many years. However, morphological variations among these plants in different regions have been noted since the 1940’s, leading to the description of new taxa later. Molecular investigations, while not resolving all taxonomical questions within the genus, have highlighted its rich genetic diversity globally, confirming the status of several previously described species and subspecies. This wealth of data has prompted revisions of the Pteridium genus in regional floras, with Northern Eurasia serving as a central arena for such studies in the last 30 years. Recent data suggest that the European flora comprises a single species, P. aquilinum, with two subspecies, P. a. subsp. aquilinum and P. a. subsp. pinetorum (C.N. Page & R.R. Mill) J.A. Thomson. However, their distribution within the continent remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the representation and distribution of Pteridium taxa in Slovakia with an attempt to describe natural ranges of P. aquilinum subspecies based on herbarium materials and citizen science data within Europe for a whole.

Results

It is confirmed that the genus Pteridium is represented by the single species with two mentioned subspecies in the flora of Europe, as well as in the flora of Slovakia. The distribution of these subspecies is mapped in the country. Additionally, we discuss the ranges of these subspecies for a whole, and we evidence the growth of P. aquilinum subsp. pinetorum within the Netherlands, Czechia, Austria, Hungary and Romania for the first time. Also, two new combinations of taxa from the Asian part of Russia are offered.

Conclusion

Our study is a significant contribution in the present knowledge about the distribution and taxonomy of P. aquilinum, however it also shows that many questions concerning this taxon and its infraspecific taxa remain open. Additional field investigations and herbarium processing should be carried out for detailed explorations of biological and ecological peculiarities of the mentioned subspecies, and for the clear understanding of their regional distribution. Such explorations also might become a basis for new syntaxonomic revisions.
Mechanism exploration of synergistic photo-immunotherapy strategy based on a novel exosome-like nanosystem for remodeling the immune microenvironment of HCC
Authors: Chen Yichi , Li Xudong , Shang Haitao , Sun Yucao , Wang Chunyue , Wang Xiaodong , Tian Huimin , Yang Huajing , Zhang Lei , Deng Liwen , Yang Kuikun , Wu Bolin , Cheng Wen
Published: August 2024

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) has become a major challenge in cancer immunotherapy, with abundant tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) playing a key role in promoting tumor immune escape by displaying an immunosuppressive (M2) phenotype. Recently, it was reported that M1 macrophage-derived nanovesicles (M1NVs) can reprogram TAMs to an anti-tumor M1 phenotype, thereby significantly alleviating the immunosuppressive TME and enhancing the anti-tumor efficacy of immunotherapy. Herein, we developed M1NVs loaded with mesoporous dopamine (MPDA) and indocyanine green (ICG), which facilitated the recruitment of M2 TAMs through synergistic photothermal and photodynamic therapy. Thereafter, M1NVs can induce M1 repolarization of TAMs, resulting in increased infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes within the tumor to promote tumor regression. This study investigated the effect of phototherapy on the immune environment of liver cancer using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) by comparing HCC tissues before and after MPDA/ICG@M1NVs + NIR treatment. The results showed significant shifts in cell composition and gene expression, with decreases in epithelial cells, B cells, and macrophages and increases in neutrophils and myeloid cells. Additionally, gene analysis indicated a reduction in pro-inflammatory signals and immunosuppressive functions, along with enhanced B-cell function and anti-tumor immunity, downregulation of the Gtsf1 gene in the epithelial cells of the MPDA/ICG @M1NVs + NIR group, and decreased expression of the lars2 gene in immune subpopulations. Eno3 expression is reduced in M1 macrophages, whereas Clec4a3 expression is downregulated in M2 macrophages. Notably, the B cell population decreased, whereas Pou2f2 expression increased. These genes regulate cell growth, death, metabolism, and tumor environment, indicating their key role in HCC progression. This study highlights the potential for understanding cellular and molecular dynamics to improve immunotherapy.

Graphical Abstract
Assessing inequality of opportunities to child health and nutrition: comparison of Bangladesh and Pakistan
Authors: Zahid GulRukh , Nasir Hamna , sohail Fouzia
Published: August 2024

The bright future of any society is always associated with its upcoming generation. Children are the future prosperity of any nation as they are productive workers of tomorrow. The main objective of this study is to estimate the opportunities available for children under age of 5 years and their mothers for different regions of Pakistan and Bangladesh. The core idea of this study is to access and compare Pakistan with Bangladesh as it was previously a poor and struggling part of it. Data of this study are gathered from Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey and Pakistan Demographic Health Survey for the year 2017–18. The overall comparison of Pakistan and Bangladesh had put Pakistan in a situation where it lagged in every aspect of health-related facilities provided to its citizen. Governments should focus on providing economic opportunities, Health, education, and nutrition to enhance regional and area-level living standards. Further, rural areas should be more focused, especially by the Government of Pakistan.
Accuracy of 3D real-time MRI temperature mapping in gel phantoms during microwave heating
Authors: Dietrich Olaf , Lentini Sergio , Öcal Osman , Bour Pierre , Faller Thibaut L. , Ozenne Valéry , Ricke Jens , Seidensticker Max
Published: August 2024

Background

Interventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide a comprehensive setting for microwave ablation of tumors with real-time monitoring of the energy delivery using MRI-based temperature mapping. The purpose of this study was to quantify the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) real-time MRI temperature mapping during microwave heating in vitro by comparing MRI thermometry data to reference data measured by fiber-optical thermometry.

Methods

Nine phantom experiments were evaluated in agar-based gel phantoms using an in-room MR-conditional microwave system and MRI thermometry. MRI measurements were performed for 700 s (25 slices; temporal resolution 2 s). The temperature was monitored with two fiber-optical temperature sensors approximately 5 mm and 10 mm distant from the microwave antenna. Temperature curves of the sensors were compared to MRI temperature data of single-voxel regions of interest (ROIs) at the sensor tips; the accuracy of MRI thermometry was assessed as the root-mean-squared (RMS)-averaged temperature difference. Eighteen neighboring voxels around the original ROI were also evaluated and the voxel with the smallest temperature difference was additionally selected for further evaluation.

Results

The maximum temperature changes measured by the fiber-optical sensors ranged from 7.3 K to 50.7 K. The median RMS-averaged temperature differences in the originally selected voxels ranged from 1.4 K to 3.4 K. When evaluating the minimum-difference voxel from the neighborhood, the temperature differences ranged from 0.5 K to 0.9 K. The microwave antenna and the MRI-conditional in-room microwave generator did not induce relevant radiofrequency artifacts.

Conclusion

Accurate 3D real-time MRI temperature mapping during microwave heating with very low RMS-averaged temperature errors below 1 K is feasible in gel phantoms.

Relevance statement

Accurate MRI-based volumetric real-time monitoring of temperature distribution and thermal dose is highly relevant in clinical MRI-based interventions and can be expected to improve local tumor control, as well as procedural safety by extending the limits of thermal (e.g., microwave) ablation of tumors in the liver and in other organs.

Key Points

Interventional MRI can provide a comprehensive setting for the microwave ablation of tumors.

MRI can monitor the microwave ablation using real-time MRI-based temperature mapping.

3D real-time MRI temperature mapping during microwave heating is feasible.

Measured temperature errors were below 1 °C in gel phantoms.

The active in-room microwave generator did not induce any relevant radiofrequency artifacts.

Graphical Abstract
Antimicrobial printed linen fabric by using brewer’s yeast enzyme
Authors: Ibrahim Nermin Atef , Zaher Amira Ragheb , El-Hennawi Heba Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Background

In this research, a brewer’s yeast suspension was used to biotreat raw linen fibers under a range of different circumstances utilizing an ultrasonic cleaner device. In order to optimize circumstances for the treatment process, this extensive work is focused on examining the variables that could affect the biotreatment, such as the amount of brewer’s yeast used, the duration, the temperature of the treatment, and the pH throughout the treatment. After enzymatic treatment, the printing process utilizing turmeric natural dye was used. Variable assesses were conducted to determine the steaming time, thermofixation time, pH of the printing paste, types of dyes, and types of fabrics. How these elements affected the wettability and fabric color strength is investigated. To better comprehend, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of treated and untreated linen samples. The effects of treating the fibers with yeast enzyme on their multifunctional qualities, such as color and antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcusaureus and gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, were assessed.

Results

Results demonstrated that the enzyme extract, which predominantly contains lipase, amylase, and protease enzymes that develop the fabric printability, is responsible for the increase of color strength which increased by about 152.27% with good fastness properties compared by the untreated printed samples.

Conclusions

The overall findings showed that the treated fabrics have superior color fastness and antibacterial properties when compared to the untreated fabrics, demonstrating that the procedure of production used to create these multifunctional linen fabrics is environmentally friendly.
ING4 and ING5 are essential for histone H3 lysine 14 acetylation and epicardial cell lineage development
Authors: Mah Sophia Y. Y. , Vanyai Hannah K. , Li-Wai-Suen Connie S. N. , Garnham Alexandra L. , Wynn Jessica , Bergamasco Maria I. , Malelang Shezlie , Wilcox Stephen , Biben Christine , Smyth Gordon K. , Thomas Tim , Voss Anne K.
Published: August 2024

Inhibitor of growth 4 and 5 (ING4, ING5) are structurally similar chromatin-binding proteins in the KAT6A, KAT6B and KAT7 histone acetyltransferase protein complexes. Heterozygous mutations in the KAT6A or KAT6B gene cause human disorders with cardiac defects, but the contribution of their chromatin-adaptor proteins to development is unknown. We found that Ing5−/− mice had isolated cardiac ventricular septal defects. Ing4−/−Ing5−/− embryos failed to undergo chorioallantoic fusion and arrested in development at embryonic day 8.5, displaying loss of histone H3 lysine 14 acetylation, reduction in H3 lysine 23 acetylation levels and reduced developmental gene expression. Embryonic day 12.5 Ing4+/−Ing5−/− hearts showed a paucity of epicardial cells and epicardium-derived cells, failure of myocardium compaction, and coronary vasculature defects, accompanied by reduced expression of epicardium genes. Cell adhesion gene expression and proepicardium outgrowth were defective in the ING4- and ING5-deficient state. Our findings suggest that ING4 and ING5 are essential for heart development and promote epicardium and epicardium-derived cell fates and imply mutation of the human ING5 gene as a possible cause of isolated ventricular septal defects.
Manual Interstructural Release Procedure Can Alter Muscle Shear Modulus
Authors: YAMASHITA TOMOKO , YOSHITAKE YASUHIDE , WATANABE HIRONORI , WASHINO SOHEI , GAMADA KAZUYOSHI , SHINOHARA MINORU
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Interstructural release (ISR) procedure to skeletal muscles is believed to attenuate adhesion between neighboring muscles and alleviate subjective symptoms, including perceived stiffness and associated pain. However, objective evidence about the effect of ISR on the mechanical properties of the muscles is limited. The purpose of this study was to test the acute effect of ISR on the shear modulus of adjacent muscles. It was hypothesized that ISR applied to the border between synergistic muscles would acutely reduce the resting shear modulus of the involved muscle.

Methods

To assess the effect of ISR, the shear modulus of the resting peroneus longus (PL) and soleus (SOL) muscles was measured at various ankle joint positions (inversion/eversion) before and after interventions in nine nonsymptomatic male individuals (age: 21.9 ± 1.4 yr, height: 170 ± 6.6 cm, body mass: 64.3 ± 4.0 kg). Potential muscle activity during the measurement was assessed by recording surface electromyogram from these muscles. The interventions were ISR to the lower leg between the deep fascia of the PL and SOL and sham (massage).

Results

As the ankle joint position was passively varied toward inversion, the shear modulus increased substantially in PL and decreased moderately in SOL. Shear modulus of the proximal PL in the most inverted position increased acutely after ISR (by 11.4 ± 5.8%, P <0.001), but not after the sham, without any change in the amplitude of electromyogram.

Conclusions

These results provide objective evidence that the ISR procedure can acutely alter shear modulus, at least in a specific site in a resting muscle.
Baseline Symptoms and Neurocognitive Performance across Collision, Contact, and Noncontact Female High School Athletes
Authors: OLDHAM JESSIE R. , HOWELL DAVID R. , LANOIS COREY J. , BERKNER PAUL D. , IVERSON GRANT L. , MANNIX REBEKAH C. , MEEHAN WILLIAM P.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Our purpose was to represent a rare cohort of female collision sport athletes and investigate the association between sport type (collision, contact, and noncontact), symptoms, and performance on baseline neurocognitive assessments.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline computerized neurocognitive scores (Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing [ImPACT]) of 75,128 female high school student-athletes (age, 15.27 ± 1.05 yr) playing multiple sports. The dependent variables were verbal memory, visual memory, visual motor speed, reaction time, and total symptom score. The independent variable was sport type, categorized as collision, contact, noncontact, adjusted for the effect of the following covariables: age, concussion history, and comorbidities (learning disability, ADHD, psychiatric condition, headaches, migraines, speech therapy, special education, and repeating one of more years of school) using multivariable regression models.

Results

Female collision sport athletes reported significantly higher symptoms (9.81 ± 12.63) at baseline compared with contact (5.78 ± 9.25) or noncontact (6.39 ± 9.74) sport athletes (P < 0.001). Using noncontact sports as a reference, there was no significant association between collision sport participation and cognitive composite scores (verbal memory: β = −0.57, 95% confidence interval = −1.80 to 0.66, P = 0.38; visual memory: β = −0.83, 95% confidence interval = −2.46 to 0.79, P = 0.31; visual motor speed: β = −0.21, 95% confidence interval = −1.01, 0.59, P = 0.61; reaction time: β = 0.01, 95% confidence interval = −0.01 to 0.02, P = 0.29).

Conclusions

Participation in collision sports appears to be associated with baseline symptoms but not neurocognitive functioning among female adolescent athletes.
The genome sequence of a green lacewing, Nineta flava (Scopoli, 1763)
Authors: Broad Gavin R. , Hall Daniel W. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: August 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Nineta flava (green lacewing; Arthropoda; Insecta; Neuroptera; Chrysopidae). The genome sequence spans 732.30 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 7 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.16 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: O’Brien Michelle F. , Lopez Colom Rosa ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: August 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Clangula hyemalis (the Long-tailed duck; Chordata; Aves; Anseriformes; Anatidae). The genome sequence spans 1,206.10 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 41 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.63 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of an ichneumonid wasp, Rhimphoctona (Xylophylax) megacephalus (Gravenhorst, 1829)
Authors: Boparai Jaswinder , Broad Gavin R. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: August 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Rhimphoctona megacephalus (ichneumonid wasp; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae). The genome sequence spans 406.00 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 11 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 28.53 kilobases in length.
Recommending for a Multi-Sided Marketplace: A Multi-Objective Hierarchical Approach
Authors: Wang Yuyan , Tao Long , Zhang Xian Xing
Published: August 2024

We propose a multi-objective hierarchical recommender that solves the multi-objective recommendation problem in a hierarchical setting and was deployed on Uber Eats.
Hypercongestion, Autonomous Vehicles, and Urban Spatial Structure
Authors: Dantsuji Takao , Takayama Yuki
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the effects of hypercongestion mitigation by perimeter control and the introduction of autonomous vehicles on the spatial structures of cities. By incorporating a bathtub model, we develop a land use model where hypercongestion occurs in the downtown area and interacts with land use. We show that hypercongestion mitigation by perimeter control decreases the commuting cost in the short run and results in a less dense urban spatial structure in the long run. Furthermore, we reveal that the impact of autonomous vehicles depends on the presence of hypercongestion. The introduction of autonomous vehicles may increase the commuting cost in the presence of hypercongestion and may cause a decrease in the suburban population; however, it may make cities spatially expand outward. This result contradicts that of the standard bottleneck model. When perimeter control is implemented, the introduction of autonomous vehicles decreases the commuting cost and results in a less dense urban spatial structure. These results show that hypercongestion is a key factor that can change urban spatial structures.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on ISTTT25 Conference.

Funding: This work was supported by ACT-X [Grant JPMJAX21AE], Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology [Grant JPMJFR215M], the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [Grants 23K13422 and 22H01610], and the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation [Grant JPJ012187].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2024.0519 .