bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relevo generacional para la continuidad de producción cafetera familiar. Caso municipio de Albán, Nariño-Colombia
Authors: Jiménez Barbosa Wilson Giovanni , de La Portilla Eileen , Basante Amelia Yohana , Zúñiga Luis Alejandro , Zambrano Diego Fernando , Rojas Jairo Sebastián , Delgado Ricardo Andrés
Published: May 2019

El relevo generacional es una problemática dentro de la producción agrícola que necesita ser reconocida y abordada. Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación realizada en el ámbito de las familias campesinas dedicadas a la producción de café en el municipio de Albán del departamento de Nariño, cuyo objetivo fue conocer la perspectiva de padres e hijos productores cafeteros frente al relevo generacional, y analizar qué factores permiten u obstaculizan para que el mismo se dé o no. A través de un diseño investigativo mixto-imbricado, desarrollando una investigación cualitativa, partiendo del análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a padres, hijos e instituciones públicas y privadas relacionadas con la actividad cafetera, y con el apoyo de datos cuantitativos, se logró determinar cuál es la situación actual del relevo en el municipio. En Albán el relevo generacional no es un problema aún para la actividad cafetera, sin embargo, lo puede llegar a ser, producir el grano requiere mayores y suficientes garantías para que los productores den continuidad a la principal actividad que aporta al desarrollo económico y social del municipio.
Transformaciones territoriales, mudanzas y cambios en servicios ecosistémicos, Armenia, Colombia
Authors: Molina-Rico Ligia Janneth , Correa-Valencia Jorge Andrés , Feijoo-Martínez Alexander
Published: May 2019

El crecimiento urbano produce impacto en las coberturas boscosas, los territorios agrícolas y la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. Se propuso analizar en Armenia las relaciones entre el crecimiento urbano, el componente rural y urbano de la población y la oferta de servicios ecosistémicos de provisión (café, plátano y carne). El trabajo se orientó hacia: (i) el análisis de la tendencia demográfica 1938-2005, (ii) la dinámica de expansión entre cabecera municipal y el territorio agrícola (1998–2015) y, (iii) la oferta de servicios ecosistémicos que aportan a la seguridad alimentaria. En 1998 el municipio experimentó una fragmentación territorial que afectó la oferta de servicios. En el 2015, se evidenció la homogenización territorial, en la zona alta se concentraron los procesos de urbanización en los pastos adyacentes al perímetro urbano, mientras la zona media y baja dominan los cultivos de café y plátano. La dinámica del crecimiento urbano en Armenia generó presión sobre los bosques que disminuyeron las coberturas agrícolas y, en consecuencia, sobre los servicios ecosistémicos que ofrecen estas coberturas en el territorio, lo que afectó la posibilidad de alcanzar un desarrollo rural productivo y sustentable.
Stock liquidity, firm size and return persistence around mergers and acquisitions announcement
Authors: Kyei-Mensah Justice
Published: May 2019

The paper examines market liquidity and size of 396 US firms engaged in mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The announcement-period returns are estimated using Carhart’s four-factor model and estimated using two regression specifications. The results suggest that the return continuation depends on the degree of liquidity and the firm size. The positive and significant cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) under both the specifications with exception to the acquiring firms are found. Under the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model due to Glosten et al. (1993), hereafter, GJR-GARCH, the pre-event CARs are significant and persistent in contrast to the estimation based on the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. This suggests possible leakage of information prior to an event announcement and further lends support to the contract theory of information asymmetry and signalling. It is also found that the target firms exhibit positive and significant post-event CARs for the mid-cap stocks. Whereas, for the acquirer firms, the post-event CARs for the small trading volume stocks are positive and significant. The results are robust to bootstrapping simulations.
Effectiveness of Routine Physical Therapy with and without Eccentric Loading Training for the Rehabilitation of Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Authors: Fatima Arooj , Ahmed Ashfaq
Published: May 2019

To determine and compare the effectiveness of routine physical therapy with and without eccentric strength training in patients with rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy. This single blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at University Physical therapy and Rehabilitation clinic, Raiwind road, Lahore.The study included sample size of 50 subjects diagnosed with rotator cuff tendinopathy. Patients included in study were allocated randomly into; Group-A: This group was treated with routine physiotherapy treatment. Group-B: In this group, subjects were trained with eccentric loading exercises along with routine physiotherapy treatment. The outcome measures were pain intensity measured by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and functional outcome measured by quick Disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire. The p-values were found to be significant for VAS (0.001) and for DASH (0.000). The paired sample t-test was applied in two sub groups of group A and similarly in group-B. The values were statistically significant i.e., 0.001 for VAS, 0.000 for DASH. P-values obtained for VAS (0.001) and DASH (0.000) when repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied comparing four sub groups. Eccentric exercises give better results in reducing pain intensity and gaining functional outcome with routine physiotherapy maneuvers in subjects having rotator cuff tendinopathy. Eccentric loading training for the cure of shoulder pain due to rotator cuff tendinopathy has confirmed to be more helpful in aiding pain, and fixing functional impairment in patients having rotator cuff tendinopathy than routine physiotherapy treatment methods.
Extended Fenton's process: toward improving biodegradability of drilling wastewater
Authors: Ding Ran , Wang Yanming , Chen Xing , Gao Yingxin , Yang Min
Published: May 2019

In this study, an extended Fenton process was used to improve biodegradability of the waste drilling mud containing bio-refractory polymers. Variation of biodegradability and organics with different molecular weights with the oxidation time were investigated during the Fenton oxidation process. Although the residual total organic carbon (TOC) arrived at a stable level soon after oxidation reaction, organics with the lower molecular weight increased and its biodegradability was improved significantly in the extended oxidation process, which originated from decomposition of residual H2O2 catalyzed by transformation of the Fe3+/Fe2+ and organoradicals. Under the conditions that follow: pH 3.0, H2O2 500 mg L−1, Fe2+ 250 mg L−1, oxidation time 120 min, further TOC removal of 35.9% and biochemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon (BOD/TOC) ratio of 0.83 was achieved. At the biological test, a substantial increase in TOC degradation by biological treatment with extension of Fenton oxidation time was observed. Finally, more than 90% biological removal of the TOC was achieved for the 120 min oxidation treatment. The experimental results highlight that an extended process can be adopted to improve the biodegradability of wastewater by utilization of the slow reaction of hydrogen peroxide with Fe3+ and organoradicals.
The Role and Mechanism of Thiol-Dependent Antioxidant System in Bacterial Drug Susceptibility and Resistance
Authors: Ouyang Yanfang , Li Jing , Peng Yi , Huang Zhijun , Ren Qiao , Lu Jun
Published: May 2019

Antibiotics play an irreplaceable role in the prevention and treatment of bacterial infection
diseases. However, because of the improper use of antibiotics, bacterial resistance emerges as a major
challenge of public health all over the world. The small thiol molecules such as glutathione can directly
react and conjugate with some antibiotics, which thus contribute to drug susceptibility and resistance.
Recently, accumulating evidence shows that there is a close link between the antibacterial activities of
some antibiotics and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Thioredoxin and glutathione systems are two
main cellular disulfide reductase systems maintaining cellular ROS level. Therefore, these two thioldependent
antioxidant systems may affect the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. Microorganisms
are equipped with different thiol-dependent antioxidant systems, which make the role of thioldependent
antioxidant systems in antibiotic susceptibility and resistance is different in various bacteria.
Here we will focus on the review on the advances of the effects of thiol-dependent antioxidant system
in the bacterial antibiotic susceptibility and resistance.
Antiulcer and Antioxidant Activity of a Lectin from Mucuna pruriens Seeds on Ethanol- induced Gastropathy: Involvement of Alpha-2 Adrenoceptors and Prostaglandins
Authors: Pinto Isabela Ribeiro , Chaves Hellíada V. , Vasconcelos Auriana S. , de Sousa Francisca Clea F , Santi-Gadelha Tatiane , de Lacerda José Thalles Jocelino Gomes , Ribeiro Kátia Alves , Freitas Raul Sousa , Maciel Lara Mendes , Filho Samuel Mateus Pereira , Viana Ana Flávia Seraine Custódio , de Almeida Gadelha Carlos Alberto , Filho Gerardo Cristino , de Paulo Teixeira Pinto Vicente , Pereira Karuza Maria Alves , Rodrigues e Silva Antonio Alfredo , Bezerra Mirna Marques
Published: May 2019

Ethnopharmacological Relevance:

Mucuna pruriens (Mp) belongs to Leguminosae family, it is native of tropical regions and used to treat several maladies such as urinary, neurological, and menstruation disorders, constipation, edema, fever, tuberculosis, ulcers, diabetes, arthritis, dysentery, and cardiovascular diseases. Mp seeds are rich in bioactive compounds, for instance, lectins, a heterogeneous group of proteins and glycoproteins with a potential role as therapeutic tools for several conditions, including gastric disorders. This study investigated the acute toxicity, gastroprotective, and antioxidant activities of a lectin from Mucuna pruriens seeds (MpLec) on ethanol-induced gastropathy model in mice.

Materials & Methods:

Mice received MpLec (5 or 10 mg/kg; i.v.) and were observed for acute toxicity signs; in another experimental series, mice were pre-treated with MpLec (0.001; 0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg, i.v.), ranitidine (80 mg/kg, p.o.), or saline (0.3 mL/30g, i.v.) before ethanol 99.9% (0.2 mL/animal, p.o.), and euthanized 30 min after ethanol challenge. Macroscopic and microscopic gastric aspects, biochemical parameters (tissue hemoglobin levels, iron-induced lipid peroxidation, GSH content, SOD activity, and gastric mucosal PGE2) were measured. Additionally, pharmacological tools (yohimbine, indomethacin, naloxone, L-NAME) were opportunely used to clarify MpLec gastroprotective mechanisms of action.

Results:

No toxicity signs nor death were observed at acute toxicity tests. MpLec reduced ethanol-induced gastric damage, edema, and hemorrhagic patches formation, as well as decreased lipid peroxidation, SOD activity, and increased GSH content. Yohimbine and indomethacin prevented MpLec effects, suggesting the involvement of alpha-2 adrenoceptors and prostaglandins in the MpLec-mediated effects.

Conclusion:

MpLec does not present toxicity signs and shows gastroprotective and antioxidant activities via alpha-2 adrenoceptors and prostaglandins in the ethanol-induced gastropathy model.
Effect of Supervised Exercise Program on Individuals in Peripheral Arterial Disease with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Systematic Review
Authors: Arora Esha , Maiya Arun G. , Devasia Tom , Bhat Rama , Kamath Ganesh
Published: May 2019

Background:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is usually accompanied by various micro
and macro vascular complications. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is one of the major complications
of diabetes which is accountable for morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The first line of
treatment in these individuals is life style modification and exercise. There is a dearth of literature on
effect of supervised exercise program in PAD with T2DM on quality of life, walking impairment,
change in Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) values. So, we conducted a systematic review to explore the
available literature on supervised exercise program in PAD with T2DM.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane) to
summarise the evidence on a supervised exercise program in PAD with T2DM. Randomised and nonrandomised
studies were included in the review.

Results:

Three studies met the inclusion criteria. The outcomes taken into accounts by the studies were
the quality of life, walking impairment questionnaire, Ankle brachial index. Neither of the studies
matched in their supervised exercise program nor in their outcome.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the data evaluating the supervised exercise program in PAD with T2DM is
inadequate to determine its effect on this population. Future large-scale studies can be conducted on
both subjective and objective outcomes of PAD with T2DM to have a better understanding of the condition
and for a universally acceptable exercise program for these individuals which the healthcare
practitioners can use in their practice.
Research Status on Ankle Rehabilitation Robot
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Min Zhaowei , Huang Zhiyuan , Ma Xuefeng , Chen Yihao , Yu Xiaoyang
Published: May 2019

Background:

Ankle is an important bearing joint in the human body. Unreasonable exercise
patterns and exercise intensity can cause ankle injuries. This will seriously affect patients’ daily life.
With the increase in the number of patients, the labor intensity of doctors is increasing. Ankle rehabilitation
robot can help doctors free themselves from repetitive tasks, which is, of more practical value.

Objective:

To give a general summary of recent ankle rehabilitation robot and introduce the respective
characteristics and development including structure type, drive type and rehabilitation training mode.

Methods:

This paper investigates various representative studies related to the ankle rehabilitation robot.
The structure type, drive type, rehabilitation training mode and applications situation of these ankle
rehabilitation robot are discussed.

Results:

The characteristics of different types of ankle rehabilitation robots are analyzed. This paper
analyzes the main problems in its development. The solutions to the issues and the current and future
research on ankle rehabilitation robot are discussed.

Conclusion:

The ankle rehabilitation robots are classified into motor drive type, pneumatic artificial
muscle and pneumatic cylinder drive type and others. Further improvements are needed in the aspects
of mechanical design, safety, virtual reality, brain-computer interface, control strategies and algorithm
of bio-syncretic mechanism system of ankle rehabilitation robot. More related patents about ankle rehabilitation
robot need to be developed.
DETERMINING THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND THE EFFECTIVE RISK FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS IN THE AGE GROUP OF 15-18 YEARS AT A SECONDARY SCHOOL
Authors: AYKANAT GİRGİN Burcu , BULANTEKİN DÜZALAN Özlem
Published: May 2019

Aim: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of
obesity and the effective risk factors in adolescents in the age group of 15-18
years at a secondary school located in the province of Çankırı.  Methods:
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 402
adolescents in the age group of 15-18 years studying at a secondary school
located in the province of Çankırı between February and April 2017. Body
weights and heights of the adolescents were measured, and their body mass indexes
were calculated.  Results: It was determined in the study that 16.7% of the students
were obese. The prevalence of obesity was found to be associated with a high
socio-economic level, the long sedentary period in front of television and
computer, decreased physical activity, family history of obesity, fast eating,
and diet (p<0.05). According to the Eating Habits Index, 59.5% of the
students were determined in moderate risk group; whereas, 27.9% were determined
in the high-risk group. Additionally, a negative and significant correlation
was found between body mass index values and eating habits scores of the
students (r=-0.406; p<0.001).  Conclusion: It was determined in the
study that the obesity prevalence of the adolescents was high. It is
recommended to implement more effective public health programs to acquire
healthy nutrition and regular physical activity for management and prevention
of obesity in adolescents. Amaç: Araştırma, Çankırı ilinde bir ortaöğretim okulundaki
15-18 yaş grubu adölesanlarda obezite prevelansını ve etkileyen risk
faktörlerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi.  Yöntem:
Araştırma, Şubat-Nisan 2017 tarihleri arasında Çankırı ilindeki bir ortaöğretim
kurumunda öğrenim gören 15-18 yaş grubundaki toplam 402 adölesan ile
tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel olarak yürütüldü. Adölesanların vücut ağırlığı, boy
uzunluğu ölçüldü ve beden kitle indeksleri hesaplandı.  Bulgular:
Araştırmada öğrencilerin % 16.7’sinin obez olduğu saptanmıştır. Obezite
sıklığı; yüksek sosyoekonomik düzey, televizyon ve bilgisayar karşısında uzun
süreli hareketsiz kalma, azalmış fiziksel aktivite, ailede obezite öyküsünün
bulunması, hızlı yemek yeme ve diyet yapma ile ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0.05).
Öğrencilerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İndeksi’ne göre % 59.5’inin orta ve % 27.9’unun
yüksek risk grubunda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin beden kitle
indeksi değerleri ile beslenme alışkanlıkları puanları arasında ise negatif
yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (r=-0.406; p<0.001).  Sonuç:
Araştırmada incelenen adölesanlarda obezite prevelansının yüksek olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Adölesanlarda obezitenin önlenmesi ve yönetimi için sağlıklı
beslenme ve düzenli fiziksel aktivitenin kazandırılmasına yönelik daha etkili
halk sağlığı programlarının uygulanması önerilmektedir.
Long-term mechanical and shrinkage properties of cementitious grouts for structural repair
Authors: Shamsuddoha Md , Hüsken Götz , Schmidt Wolfram , Kühne Hans-Carsten , Baeßler Matthias
Published: May 2019

Grouts have numerous applications in construction industry such as joint sealing, structural repair, and connections in precast elements. They are particularly favoured in rehabilitation of structures due to penetrability and convenience of application. Grouts for repair applications typically require high-performance properties such as rapid strength development and superior shrinkage characteristics. Sometimes industrial by-products referred as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are used with neat cement due to their capabilities to provide binding properties at delayed stage. Micro silica, fly ash and metakaolin are such SCMs, those can modify and improve properties of cement products. This study aims at investigating long-term mass loss and linear shrinkage along with long-term compressive and flexural strength for grouts produced from ultrafine cement and SCMs. A series of mixtures were formulated to observe the effect of SCMs on these grout properties. Properties were determined after 365 days of curing at 23oC and 55% relative humidity. The effect of SCMs on the properties are characterised by statistical models. Response surfaces were constructed to quantify these properties in relation to SCMs replacement. The results suggested that shrinkage was reduced by metakaolin, while micro silica and fly ash had positive effects on compressive and flexural strength, respectively.
Connected Health Services: Framework for an Impact Assessment
Authors: Chouvarda Ioanna , Maramis Christos , Livitckaia Kristina , Trajkovik Vladimir , Burmaoglu Serhat , Belani Hrvoje , Kool Jan , Lewandowski Roman ,   The ENJECT Working Group 1 Network
Published: May 2019

Background

Connected health (CH), as a new paradigm, manages individual and community health in a holistic manner by leveraging a variety of technologies and has the potential for the incorporation of telehealth and integrated care services, covering the whole spectrum of health-related services addressing healthy subjects and chronic patients. The reorganization of services around the person or citizen has been expected to bring high impact in the health care domain. There are a series of concerns (eg, contextual factors influencing the impact of care models, the cost savings associated with CH solutions, and the sustainability of the CH ecosystem) that should be better addressed for CH technologies to reach stakeholders more successfully. Overall, there is a need to effectively establish an understanding of the concepts of CH impact. As services based on CH technologies go beyond standard clinical interventions and assessments of medical devices or medical treatments, the need for standardization and for new ways of measurements and assessments emerges when studying CH impact.

Objective

This study aimed to introduce the CH impact framework (CHIF) that serves as an approach to assess the impact of CH services.

Methods

This study focused on the subset of CH comprising services that directly address patients and citizens on the management of disease or health and wellness. The CHIF was developed through a multistep procedure and various activities. These included, as initial steps, a literature review and workshop focusing on knowledge elicitation around CH concepts. Then followed the development of the initial version of the framework, refining of the framework with the experts as a result of the second workshop, and, finally, composition and deployment of a questionnaire for preliminary feedback from early-stage researchers in the relevant domains.

Results

The framework contributes to a better understanding of what is CH impact and analyzes the factors toward achieving it. CHIF elaborates on how to assess impact in CH services. These aspects can contribute to an impact-aware design of CH services. It can also contribute to a comparison of CH services and further knowledge of the domain. The CHIF is based on 4 concepts, including CH system and service outline, CH system end users, CH outcomes, and factors toward achieving CH impact. The framework is visualized as an ontological model.

Conclusions

The CHIF is an initial step toward identifying methodologies to objectively measure CH impact while recognizing its multiple dimensions and scales.
Improving English as a Second Language Learners’ Attitudes to Pronunciation through Motivation
Authors: Akeem Ameen , Rasak Noor Zainab Bt. Abdul
Published: May 2019

Pronunciation is an important aspect of English learning. It is however one of the most abandoned or half taught. This is usually due to perceived difficulty in its teaching and learning. Hence, unfavorable attitudes set in, especially in English as a second language situation. In most cases, due to poor technique and methodology employed by the teachers of English, the students are not encouraged to learn pronunciation like other aspects of the subject. This attitude goes a very long way in determining their communicative competence as poor pronunciation could lead a breakdown in communication. It is thus the responsibility of the teachers to help the students learn. This paper thus advocates and presents some motivational strategies that could be employed by the teachers of English to improve the learners’ attitude to learning pronunciation in English as a second language classroom.
Furtive Role-Playing and Vulnerability in “Wakefield”: Nathanial Hawthorne and E. L. Doctorow
Authors: Assadi Jamal
Published: May 2019

When Doctorow rewrote “Wakefield” in 2008, he proposed to fill in gaps unabridged by Hawthorne’s “Wakefield” (1835). Doctorow gives his first-person narrator and protagonist the power to tell the story free from the load of Hawthorne’s first person witness narrator who keeps the protagonist under his direct and strict observation. Through his protagonist, however, Doctorow lets us learn the psychological reasons why Wakefield decides to leave his home. Besides, Doctorow presents the events that happened to Wakefield during his absence in a more probable manner by creating a plot, with causative connections between the events. In so doing, Doctorow seeks to reconnect the past with the present in order to illuminate our present.Like Hawthorne, Doctorow constructs the condition of play within play within play. In both stories the protagonists and the narrators direct covert theatrical stages while unconsciously playing the spectators of other stages. Each stage presents the enclosed one in susceptible conditions and undergoes what it knowingly makes others unconsciously experience. Vulnerability and acting prompt the protagonists, the narrators and the readers to raise very important questions concerning man’s place or misplace in the world. I will also attempt to examine how the treatment of these two concepts is reflected in the two authors’ handling of the narrative point of view. My point is to argue that both Hawthorne’s and Doctorow’s concept of vulnerability and theatrical watching offer newly constructed observations regarding critical theory.
Agreement between manual and automatic analyses of home sleep examinations in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Ørntoft Marie , Andersen Ida G , Homøe Preben
Published: May 2019

Aim:
Home sleep testing is becoming more common in the diagnostics of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. The aim was to examine the agreement between manual and automatic analyses of home sleep examinations in children and adolescents.
Materials & methods:
Sleep examinations recorded with a type 3 sleep monitor (Nox T3) were analyzed manually by a registered polysomnographic technologist and automatically with Noxturnal version 5.1.
Results:
 51sleep examinations on children and adolescents with a median age of 13.6 years were included. The median manual apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was 2.7 (range 0.2 to 28.2), while the median automatic AHI was 11.9 (range 4.2 to 45.6; p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
The agreement between manual and automatic analyses was poor. The AHI was consistently overestimated by automatic analysis.
Avoiding shipper/consignee double payment liability
Authors: Huff Roger F
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this article is neither to engage in an overly technical legal analysis nor to disparage motor carriers who bring “double liability” claims against financially viable shippers/consignees; after all the trucking company has performed a valuable service and is simply trying to be paid “once” for that service - even though the financially viable shipper or consignee may have to pay twice with the bankrupt/insolvent third party absconding. The purpose of this article is generally to provide some “front-end” practical suggestions to shippers/ consignees in how to avoid being in court on one of these claims in the first place and more specifically how to do so by exercising due diligence in selecting a freight broker for transportation needs.
Adapting Baumol’s inventory theoretic to landed cost decisions
Authors: Brady Stephan P , Swan Peter F , Young Richard R
Published: May 2019

Major U.S. corporations have been importers for over 200 years. A significant impetus for “offshoring” has been reducing costs—usually labor costs. Often, other costs were overlooked. There has been a growing disenchantment with sourcing goods overseas, especially when there may be domestic alternatives as other costs begin to dominate. Baumol and Vinod’s Inventory Theoretic model was useful in adding transportation considerations. However, Baumol leaves out several important costs that unless considered in offshoring decisions can lead to suboptimal solutions. This paper extends that model, providing a prescriptive model that could be operationalized by firms to evaluate offshore sourcing decisions.
CARACTERIZACIÓN ETOLOGICA DEL CUY (Cavia porcellus) EN SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN TRADICIONAL Y TECNIFICADO
Authors: Dávila-Solarte Aida P. , Mora-Calvache Carlos F. , Córdoba-Herrera Cristian A.
Published: May 2019

El cuy es una especie de las más pequeñas dentro de los cavidos, es monogástrico, roedor y herbívoro, el cual se sabe que fue domesticado hace 2500 a 3600 años. La presente investigación se desarrolló en el Departamento de Nariño, sur occidente de Colombia, con el objetivo de caracterizar y encontrar las diferencias etológicas de la especie en dos sistemas de producción, para lo cual se utilizó tres réplicas por cada sistema productivo; cada sistema estuvo conformado por machos, hembras y crías; en el sistema tecnificado se contaba con cinco hembras por cada macho, este número variaba en el sistema tradicional. Se registró las observaciones mediante cámaras de video y muestreo ad líbitum, cada 10 minutos durante 18 días, en los que se observaron los comportamientos propios de la especie y estereotipias generadas posiblemente por el sistema tecnificado, entre ellas roer partes de la jaula, mayor grado de alerta en los gazapos; se observaron además, diferencias entre los dos sistemas productivos en comportamientos como en el cuidado de las crías, comportamiento ingestivo, materno infantil y parto.Palabras clave: roedor, etograma, comportamiento social, reproducción, estereotipiaETHOLOGYC CHARACTERIZATION OF GUINEA PIG (Cavia porcellus) IN TRADITIONAL AND TECHNICIZED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ABSTRACTCuy is one of the smallest specimen of cavidos, it is monogastric, rodent and herbivore, which is known to have been domesticated 2500 to 3600 years ago. This research was developed in Nariño department, south-west of Colombia, in order to characterize and to find ethological differences of the specie through two production systems, with three replicas of each one. Every system was conformed by males, females and offspring. In technified system, there were five females for each male, this number changed from traditional system. Observations were recorded by video cameras and ad libitum sampling, every 10 minutes for 18 days, and peculiar behavior of the specie and some stereotypies generated by the technified system were observe, like gnawing cage parts, a higher alert rate in breedings; besides, some differences between the two productive systems regarding brood care, feeding, maternal, childhood and birth behavior were observed.
IMAGING IN UROLOGY
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: May 2019

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IMAGING IN DENTISTRY, OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: May 2019

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Estimation of genetic parameters for body weight traits in Mazandaran native breeder hens by random regression models
Authors: Naderi Yousef
Published: May 2019

The primary concern of this study is to investigate appropriate random
regression model for estimate genetic parameters body weight at hatch (BW1),
eight (BW8), twelve (BW12) and thirty two (BW32) weeks of ages by the
restricted maximum likelihood method. The body weight records set included
39872 during 16 generations of hens kept at the Mazandaran Breeding Center
of Iran. Random regression were modelled using generation-hatch as a fixed
effect and additive genetic and permanent environmental effects as random
effects Residual variances were modeled through a step function with 1 and 3
classes. The model was considered to be the most appropriate with the
highest significant log likelihood ratio test (LRT) and the lowest Akaike
information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC).
Heritability values increased from 0.21 for BW1, to 0.40 for BW32. Genetic
correlations of body weight at different record keeping were often higher
than permanent environmental correlations. Genetic correlations between
pairs of body weight measures were moderate to high with a range from 0.25
to 0.97. The largest genetic correlation, as well as permanent environmental
correlation, was observed between BW12and BW32. High and moderate broad
sense heritability values for all studied traits shows that these traits are
less influenced by residual effects which make them effectively transmitted
to the progeny. Findings show that genetic improvement for body weight can
be achieved by selection. The Heritability of body weight at thirty two
weeks of ages and its relatively high genetic correlation with all other
ages showed that it could be the most appropriate period for selection.
Also, the genetic trend estimates for body weight traits showed that
selection decisions made during the breeding program effectively improved
the growth performance.
Isoflavone concentrations in soybeans suitable for growing in Europe
Authors: Matosa-Kocar Maja , Vila Sonja , Petrovic Sonja , Rebekic Andrijana , Sudaric Aleksandra , Duvnjak Tomislav , Markulj-Kulundzic Antonela , Josipovic Ana
Published: May 2019

Isoflavones are nutraceuticals with many different medical benefits found
abundantly in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seeds. The prerequisite of
utilising this valuable source of bioactive compounds and creating quality
stock for the pharmaceutical and functional food industries is the screening
of available soybean germplasm for isoflavone content. The objectives of
this research were to determine the isoflavone concentrations (total
isoflavones, daidzein, genistein, glycitein) in 22 high-yielding soybean
genotypes, to investigate their variability and explore the effect of
different weather conditions on isoflavone phenotypes. Field trials were set
up as a randomised complete block design with two replicates in three
consecutive years (2010 - 2012) at the Agricultural Institute Osijek
(Osijek, Croatia). Chosen genotypes belonged to 00 - II maturity groups
(MGs) suitable for growing in almost all European regions. Results showed
the existence of genetic diversity among the tested plant material. The
influence of genotype and year were both statistically significant. The
divergence determined by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and confirmed by
the pair-wise similarity based on the Euclidean distance, confirmed that
this set of genotypes was suitable for the use in future crossing programmes
aiming to produce cultivars superior in isoflavone content in comparison to
the existing ones.
Start codon targeted polymorphism for evaluation of functional genetic variation and relationships in cultivated castor (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes
Authors: Vivodík Martin , Balázová Zelmíra , Gálová Zdenka , Petrovicová Lenka
Published: May 2019

In the present study, 111 castor genotypes were differentiated by the DNA
fingerprinting patterns using 37 SCoT primers. The selected primers
amplified DNA fragments across the 111 genotypes studied with the number of
amplified fragments varying from 3 (SCoT 14) to 10 (SCoT 30 and SCoT 44) and
the amplicon size varied from 100 to 3000 bp. Of the 246 amplified bands,
186 were polymorphic with an average of 5.03 fragments per primer. The
percentage of polymorphic bands ranged from 57.14 % (SCoT 34) to 100.00 %
(SCoT 28 and SCoT 33) with an average of 77.50%. The polymorphic information
content (PIC) values varied from 0.372 (SCoT 14) to 0.818 (SCoT 30) with an
average of 0.677. A dendrogram was constructed from a genetic distance
matrix based on profiles of the 37 SCoT primers using the unweighted
pair-group method with the arithmetic average (UPGMA). According to
analysis, the collection of 111 diverse accessions of castor was clustered
into two main clusters (1 and 2). The first cluster were subdivided into two
subclusters (1a and 1b). Subclaster 1a contained 11 genotypes of castor and
subclaster 1b contained 6 genotypes of castor. Subclaster 2 were subdivided
into two subclusters (2a and 2b). Subclaster 2a contained 44 castor
genotypes and subclaster 2b contained 50 castor genotypes. Results showed
the utility of SCoT markers for estimation of genetic diversity of castor
genotypes leading to genotype identification.
Genetic diversity in Cola acuminata and Cola nitida using RAPD primers
Authors: Akinro Lawrence , Adesoye Adenubi , Fasola Taiye
Published: May 2019

Cola species constitute an important non-timber forest product. Besides the
food value, Cola is rich in numerous phytochemicals, making it more
important for its use in both African traditional medicine and potentials in
industrial pharmacopoeia. Knowledge about genetic diversity is essential for
conservation. In this paper, we reported genetic variability of Cola
acuminata and C. nitida germplasm across the Cola - producing states (the
rain forest and derived savannah zones) in Nigeria using Random Amplified
Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fifteen primers which gives an average of
6.5 bands per primer were selected for both species. C. acuminata exhibited
a higher level of variation with 71.5% of the detected markers being
polymorphic (223 polymorphic alleles), whereas C. nitida presented 58.3%
variation with 182 polymorphicalleles. Inter-population differentiation was
measured as Jaccard?s similarity coefficient. The mean similarity index
amounted to 42.5% in C. acuminata and 46.7% in C. nitida respectively.
Results reveal the genetic structure of both species and conservation
strategies are suggested.
Drug repositioning for a rare genetic disorder progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH)
Authors: Gvozdenovic-Jeremic Jelena , Mojovic Ljiljana
Published: May 2019

Progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) is an ultrarare genetic disease of
progressive ectopic ossification caused by heterozygous inactivating
mutations of GNAS, the gene encoding the alpha subunit of the G-stimulatory
protein of adenylyl cyclase (Gs?). Extensive ossification of the deep
connective tissues can result in ankylosis of affected joints and growth
retardation of involved limbs. Inhibition of main molecular signaling,
Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, by pharmacological methods may reduce the severity of
ectopic bone formation in POH patients. Hh inhibitors currently used or
known for other conditions may be potential candidate drugs for treating
this debilitating disease. In this study, three potential Hedgehog pathway
inhibitors such as arsenic trioxide, statin, and vitamin D and their
combinations were tested on subcutaneous mesenchymal progenitor (SMP) cells
of G?s f/f mice model for possible therapeutic application for POH. The
combination of these three drugs at their significantly reduced
concentrations retained anti-osteogenic activity in SMP cells with aberrant
Hedgehog activity. In that light, we propose here a potential new approach
of the drug combination in order to reduce potential toxicity, the side
effect and increase success rate for Hh inhibitors drug repositioning.
Laser surface modification of metallic implant materials
Authors: Laketic Sladjana , Rakin Marko , Cairovic Aleksandra , Maksimovic Vesna , Cvijovic-Alagic Ivana
Published: May 2019

Metallic biomaterials are most commonly used as hard-tissue replacements because of their favorable mechanical features and excellent biocompatibility. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of diverse surface modification techniques, with a special emphasis on the laser surface modification method, as well as diverse characterization techniques used for investigating the impact of the surface modification process on metallic implant materials? properties. Moreover, the effect of laser radiation on the surface its and mechanical characteristics, as well as on the structure of metallic bioimplants, is presented. The study of influence of high-intensity laser radiation on metallic materials? surface includes primarily investigations of the surface morphology modifications and specific surface structure formation since their presence enables enhanced osseointegration.
Modeling and optimization of temperature in end milling operations
Authors: Baralic Jelena , Ducic Nedeljko , Mitrovic Andjelija , Kovac Pavel , Lucic Miroslav
Published: May 2019

Milling is one of the most important and most complex cutting machining processes. During the milling process, the cross-section of the chip is variable. Also, all milling operations are interrupted processes. The cutting edge of the mill tooth periodically enters and exits from the contact with the workpiece, which leads to periodic heating and cooling during the machining. This periodic change of temperature significantly affects the process of tool wear and therefore the quality of the machined surface. This paper aims at modeling and optimizing the parameters of the machining process to achieve the minimum temperature. In order to perform optimization, it was necessary to perform temperature measurements for the various parameters of the machining process. An infrared camera was used for the temperature measurement. Then, based on the measured values, the mathematical modeling of the temperature was performed depending on the cutting speed, the feed rate and the depth of cut. This model is then optimized using two different optimization techniques.
Skin Autofluorescence of Pregnant Women With Diabetes Predicts the Macrosomia of Their Children
Authors: Foussard Ninon , Cougnard-Grégoire Audrey , Rajaobelina Kalina , Delcourt Cécile , Helmer Catherine , Lamireau Thierry , Gonzalez Concepcion , Grouthier Virginie , Haissaguerre Magalie , Blanco Laurence , Alexandre Laure , Mohammedi Kamel , Rigalleau Vincent
Published: May 2019

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulated during long-term hyperglycemia are involved in diabetes complications and can be estimated by skin autofluorescence (sAF). During pregnancy, hyperglycemia exposes women to the risk of having a macrosomic newborn. The aim of this study was to determine whether sAF of women with diabetes during a singleton pregnancy could predict macrosomia in their newborns. Using an AGE Reader, we measured the sAF at the first visit of 343 women who were referred to our diabetology department during years 2011–2015. Thirty-nine women had pregestational diabetes, 95 early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and 209 late GDM. Macrosomia was defined as birth weight ≥4,000 g and/or large for gestational age ≥90th percentile. Forty-six newborns were macrosomic. Their mothers had 11% higher sAF compared with other mothers: 2.03 ± 0.30 arbitrary units (AUs) vs. 1.80 ± 0.34 (P < 0.0001). Using multivariate logistic regression, the relation between sAF and macrosomia was significant (odds ratio 4.13 for 1-AU increase of sAF [95% CI 1.46–11.71]) after adjusting for several potential confounders. This relation remained significant after further adjustment for HbA1c (among 263 women with available HbA1c) and for women with GDM only. sAF of pregnant women with diabetes, a marker of long-term hyperglycemic exposure, predicts macrosomia in their newborns.
Hva skjer når lærere benytter pedagogiske ressurser anbefalt av utdanningsmyndighetene?
Authors: Kvithyld Trygve
Published: May 2019

Det er en trend i norsk utdanningspolitikk at myndighetene bidrar til utviklingen av pedagogiske ressurser som lærere blir oppfordret til å benytte i den hensikt å gjøre undervisningen bedre. I denne studien undersøker jeg hvordan to lærere tar i bruk en pedagogisk ressurs utviklet til den nasjonale satsingen «Ungdomstrinn i utvikling». Empirien er hentet fra norskfaglige undervisningsøkter på ungdomstrinnet, der målet med undervisningen var at elevene skulle oppøve evnen til å skrive argumenterende tekster. Forskningen bygger på et språk- og læringssyn som assosieres med New Literacy Studies, der læring skjer ved å bruke språket i faglige praksiser. For å fange inn måten elevene leser, samtaler og skriver på i disse to undervisningsoppleggene, har jeg benyttet en analysemetode jeg har tilpasset fra Hillocks (1999). Hovedfunnene i studien er at selv om lærerne underviser med utgangspunkt i den samme pedagogiske ressursen, og delvis benytter de samme artefaktene, er det på vesentlige områder en ulik undervisningspraksis i de to klasserommene. Funnene i studien bidrar med ny innsikt om relasjonen mellom pedagogiske ressurser og undervisningspraksis. 
English abstract
What Happens When Teachers Employ Pedagogical Resources Recommended by the Education Authorities? A Comparative Case Study of How Two Teachers Enact a Pedagogical Resource Developed by "The Lower Secondary Level in Development"
There is a trend in Norwegian education politics that the government contributes to the development of educational resources that teachers are encouraged to use for the purpose to improve their teaching. In this study I examine how two teachers use one educational resource developed for the national strategy Lower Secondary in Development (Ungdomstrinn i utvikling). The empirical data is taken from L1 teaching sessions in lower secondary school, and the aim for the teaching was to improve students' ability to write argumentative texts. The research is based on a language and learning perspective associated with New Literacy Studies, where students learn by using language in disciplinary activities. To capture the way students read, speak and write, I have used a method of analysis adapted from Hillocks (1999). The main findings in this study are that even though the teaching is based on the same educational resource, the teaching practice in the two classrooms differed significantly. The findings of the study contribute with new insights on the relationship between educational resources and teaching practices.
Mapping Of Provincial Food Security In Indonesia Using Based Clustering Model
Authors: Rahayu Riski Sayuti , Purwaningsih Yunastiti , Daerobi Akhmad
Published: May 2019

Indonesia was known as an agrarian and maritime country, should not experience difficulties in fulfill food needs or having high food security. However, it is a formidable challenge for the Indonesia to meeting food needs. The low level of food security was caused more by Indonesia's geographical conditions in the form of islands that cause inequality of food production, distribution and absorption among provinces in Indonesia. To reduce the occurrence of food security inequality between provinces in Indonesia, clusters was formed based on food security indicators. Based clustering technique is chosen to overcome the problem of overlapping and the limited availability problem in food security data. The results of research produce 3 clusters based on the classification of food security levels. Based on Bayesian Information Criterion, the most fitted cluster model is a three-cluster model with diagonal distributions. The first cluster consisted of 19 provinces with a classification of middle food security levels, the second cluster consisted of 10 provinces with the classification of the level of high food security, and the third cluster consisted of 5 provinces with a classification of low food security levels. It is expected that the results of this clustering can provide input to the Indonesian government to focus more on 5 Provinces with low food security classification, which focuses on access to food.
Is Crisis the Only Way to Put Innovators in Charge in Hierarchical Firm?
Authors: Torkanovskiy Evgeny Petrovich
Published: May 2019

The way innovators are recruited and treated within organization impacts the company’s ability to innovate. Based on literature review this research finds evidence that contrary to Schumpeterian assumptions that large companies through concentration of resources play leading role in innovation process, big hierarchical firms may fail to innovate due to recruiting patterns. Corporate hierarchy, unlike markets, tends to maintain permanent and total control of the employees and to punish and push out the least controllable. The manager has personal interest to hire and promote the most controllable employees, the ones least threatening to the manager’s status and not the most creative or innovative. This inherent feature of any hierarchy may make it unable to recruit, promote innovators and thus maintain efficient innovation process. It leads to accumulation of innovation errors and lags and to regular crises within hierarchy and of hierarchy itself due to the lack of progress and innovation. However, the crises may lead to management renewal and innovators’ promotion to decisive positions and roles. On the other hand, it means that in order to adopt and implement innovations a hierarchy requires internal or external shocks, sometimes even self-generated or exaggerated.