bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What we can learn from… Pop Art!
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: May 2014

This month, we take a look at the colourful and bold art movement that took the 1950s and 1960s by storm, which came to be known as Pop Art, and which has obvious appeal to children of all ages.
Sunshine and showers
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: May 2014

The fourth article in our series, exploring how music describes different topics, looks at weather. There are many well-known songs that can be used to inspire fun activities, across all areas of the early years.
The future of children's centres
Authors: Ransom Heather
Published: May 2014

With local authority cutbacks now severely impacting on the delivery of children's centre services, Heather Ransom takes a look at how a new publication is seeking to spark a debate on their future.
The rules of attraction
Authors: Rhodes Karen
Published: May 2014

The mysterious forces involved in magnetism can appear magical to very young children, and there are many simple and interesting activities that can be used as starting points for further investigations.
Learning and teaching in Montessori nurseries
Authors: Isaacs Barbara
Published: May 2014

Montessori saw the main focus of her education system as the child's self-construction leading to a well-informed, sensitive and aware adult who enjoys learning and life; we examine these principles further.
What we can learn from… Sand and Water!
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: May 2014

This month, our focus is on sand and water provision in the early years, and how we can turn them from everyday and overlooked resources to something more special and more deeply engaging.
Coping with dyslexia INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD
Authors: Gould Anne
Published: May 2014

Anne Gould, a classroom teacher and ICT co-ordinator at Ashford School, Kent, discusses how the interactive whiteboard can be used to help children with dyslexia and behavioural problems in a multi-sensory way.
Three-digit place value
Authors: French Tricia
Published: May 2014

Tricia French, the SENCO at Waycroft Primary School, Bristol, shows how to make a successful week in place value, estimating and rounding.
Identifying dyspraxia CO-ORDINATION DISORDERS
Authors: Poustie Jan
Published: May 2014

Developmental co-ordination disorder and developmental dyspraxia are the terms currently being used to describe a specific learning difficulty in co-ordination. Jan Poustie, a specific learning difficulties specialist from Taunton, Somerset, explains what signs to look out for.
Why school visits are so important
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Thorough preparation is the key to a rewarding school visit. By Liz Rhodes, a primary school teacher from Exeter, Devon, and consultant editor to Five to Eleven.
A week IN THE LIFE OF Vicky Blackman
Authors: Blackman Vicky
Published: May 2014

Vicky Blackman has a recent honours degree in English and Psychology, a PGCE and two years of teaching experience. This mother of four prefers to be a resident house mother at Rookesbury Park Preparatory School, Wickham, Hampshire.
How much sugar in your tea?
Authors: Mawle Alison
Published: May 2014

How to design and carry out investigations into the speed at which sugar dissolves in water. Alison Mawle is a key stage 2 teacher at Charles Dickens School in Southwark, London.
Summer clubs that bridge the key stage 2 divide
Authors: Barratt Diane
Published: May 2014

Diane Barratt, head teacher of Riddings Infants School in Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, looks at summer activities that support vulnerable children in making the transition from key stage 1 to key stage 2.
SATs cheat the broad and balanced curriculum
Authors: Evans Gwen
Published: May 2014

Gwen Evans, deputy general secretary, Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL), explains how SATs have disfigured the educational landscape.
Money money money TRANSACTIONS
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2014

In many ways, economic transactions of one sort or another govern all our lives. Just what do children understand about money and economic systems? Should teaching children about money be given as much priority as literacy, say, or maths?
It's not just a lot of fresh air
Authors: Wilkinson Jenny
Published: May 2014

Children benefit from fresh air and exercises in this lesson on circuit training with a difference. By Jenny Wilkinson, a class teacher and PE co-ordinator at Our Lady and St Joseph Catholic Primary School, Lymington, Hampshire.
Helping children overcome anxiety when starting school
Authors: Fox Jennifer
Published: May 2014

Jennifer Fox, a special needs teacher and freelance education consultant specialising in emotional aspects of learning, looks at the importance of beginnings and suggests ways of helping children make a positive start to the new term.
Searching for the skeletons
Authors: Steel Sue
Published: May 2014

Sue Steel, ICT co-ordinator, Waycroft Primary School, Bristol, explains how to make the most of a museum visit to teach the topic of bones.
What does the word ‘slut’ mean, sir?
Authors: Nixon Sam
Published: May 2014

Sam Nixon has started this term as a newly qualified teacher (NQT). He is teaching a year 6 class at St Saviour’s Primary School in Larkhall, Bath and writing a regular column for Five to Eleven.
Using a computer program to assist in assessment
Authors: Wylie Fay
Published: May 2014

No literacy hour, and a computer program to do your assessments and draw up individual education plans (IEPs). Too good to be true? Fay Wylie, a teacher at Broadclyst Primary School, Devon, explains.
Hats off to symmetry
Authors: Manley Sarah
Published: May 2014

Use symmetry principles to make origami hats with a year 1 class. By Sarah Manley, maths co-ordinator and senior teacher at Snowsfields Primary School.
Crossing the desert with Little Humpty
Authors: Renton Karin
Published: May 2014

Use ICT to create the scenes in a key stage 1 text. Join Little Humpty the baby camel and paint a desert oasis and some friends to play with! By Karin Renton, a teacher at Colle School, Colle di Val D’Elsa, Tuscany, Italy.
By the number line divided
Authors: Smith Julie
Published: May 2014

Division can be a difficult concept for children to grasp. Julie Smith, a key stage 2 teacher from Alton in Hampshire, provides some excellent pointers which will help children unravel the mysteries of sharing numbers.
Conserving animal species
Authors: Sawyer Samantha
Published: May 2014

Samantha Sawyer, an education officer at London Zoo provides resources and expert tips for a lesson on endangered species.
These shoes are made for walking
Authors: Richardson Sarah
Published: May 2014

Sarah Richardson, an art and design consultant from London, takes us through the process of making slippers step by step.
Why male primary teachers are such a rare breed
Authors: Bown Leo
Published: May 2014

By Leo Bown, a special needs teacher in Winchester, Hampshire, and freelance journalist looks at why male primary teachers are hard to find and much in demand.
Teachers are struggling to understand science
Authors: Nash Sally
Published: May 2014

Sally Nash, a former teacher, looks at whether some aspects of the primary science curriculum are too hard for teachers to understand.
How drama helps boys develop writing skills
Authors: Higgins Collette
Published: May 2014

Continual professional development and ‘scaffolding’ helps teachers put creativity into their literacy hours. By Collette Higgins, a primary inspector for Solihull LEA.
Exaggerate life with Tracy Beaker
Authors: Rhodes
Published: May 2014

Read The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson with the class. Liz Rhodes, consultant editor of Five to Eleven, suggests some activities to go with this story.
Montessori methods ENGAGING THE SENSES
Authors: Fidler Wendy
Published: May 2014

A practical response to assisting children with special educational needs using Montessori methods. By Wendy Fidler, director of Wildwood Montessori School, and an education and special needs consultant.
The inspector called & and so did police!
Authors: Nixon Columnist Sam
Published: May 2014

Columnist Sam Nixon started this term as a newly qualified teacher. He teaches a year 6 class at St Saviour's Primary School in Larkhall, Bath, while not writing for Five to Eleven.
Leadership programme falls short on progress
Authors: Henn Gillian
Published: May 2014

The Primary Leadership Programme has got a poor report from OFSTED. The scheme, launched last year, was introduced to improve results in Britain's ‘underperforming’ primary schools. Head teachers received training to provide groups of schools with specialist support and advice in literacy and numeracy.
Maths theme Money & Place Value
Authors: Ebbutt Sheila
Published: May 2014

Sheila Ebbutt from BEAM, the maths specialists in training and consultancy, introduces the topic of money and place value with an overview of some essential teaching points
Support for the grieving child
Authors: Fox-Eades Jenny
Published: May 2014

The grief of a child is something every teacher hopes to avoid. Jenny Fox-Eades explains how a sensitive approach to bereavement provides essential support
Survive your first teaching experience
Authors: Andrews Crispin
Published: May 2014

A few tricks and passed-on tips won't guarantee a successful first time in the classroom. Crispin Andrews interviewed the head of teacher training at University College, Northampton to find a more lasting solution
Understanding autistic spectrum disorders
Authors: Fox-Eades Jenny
Published: May 2014

Jenny Fox Eades outlines the starting points for the classroom support of children with an often misunderstood condition
Too many cooks have spoiled the broth
Authors: Oliver Jamie
Published: May 2014

Jamie Oliver received praise for his school dinners crusade, but a backlash for some cooks and dinner ladies has been ruined reputations and redundancy, says Emily Ross
Watch how children play to gain useful insights
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2014

Psychologists use play to diagnose many things but is it also a useful source of information for teachers?
Creating environments
Authors: Fox-Eades Jenny
Published: May 2014

In the first of three articles on speaking and listening Jenny Fox-Eades, a writer and education advisor, looks at how to create an environment in which these skills can flourish
Music and memory
Authors: Palmer Sue
Published: May 2014

The next stage in the Foundations of Literacy, Sue Palmer looks at how music and rhythm are important for language skills
More work and more stress for infant teachers
Authors: Hindmarch Sonali
Published: May 2014

Despite key stage 1 staff working longer hours, there is still a heavy focus on national tests and little time to deliver foundation subjects, writes Sonali Hindmarch
Familiarising children with written language
Authors: Palmer Sue
Published: May 2014

In the next of the learning to learn series, Sue Palmer looks at how children learn to recognise the nature and functions of print
Into extra time: Learn to teach PE in just 3 hours
Authors: Andrews Crispin
Published: May 2014

Crispin Andrews discusses how realistic the current expectations are on trainee teachers when it comes to teaching sport and PE
Teaching grandmothers to suck eggs
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes critically examines research on the effectiveness of transition from foundation to year 1
Advisor's view
Authors: Mitchell Roger
Published: May 2014

Roger Mitchell, chair of ASE, discusses how to effectively teach this month's topic of forces and movement to key stage 1 children
Higher level of teaching
Authors: Barber Jenny
Published: May 2014

Jenny Barber explains what it means to be a higher level teaching assistant and how the new role will benefit schools
The three ‘r’s: Reading, (w)riting and rebelling
Authors: Louis Sarah
Published: May 2014

Are we too narrow and quick to judge in the way we think about problem behaviours in children?
Food for thought
Authors: Clarke Sue
Published: May 2014

Allergies to nuts are on the increase. With the government recommending healthy cereal and nut bars to replace sweets, is your school able to cope with an allergic child?
The root of the problem
Authors: Cosh Jackie
Published: May 2014

The arts are gaining higher status in the British education system in the wake of government reports citing its benefits. Jackie Cosh looks to Norway for inspiration
Be a volunteer!
Authors: Davies Kate
Published: May 2014

Free history resources Be a volunteer! Its thirsty work
Let's talk about sex
Authors: March Ally
Published: May 2014

How and when to teach sex education is often discussed. Ally March argues why it should start in key stage 1
Storytelling week
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

This month's assembly section focuses on National Storytelling Week, a time when children are encouraged to read, tell and share stories
Leonardo and the Flying Boy
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes describes ways in which this magical book about da Vinci can be used with a year 2 class
Praise or blame?
Authors: Louis Sarah
Published: May 2014

Coping with bad behaviour is always hard. New research underlines the problem – and points to more effective solutions for classroom teachers
Teaching? Its just a walk in the park …
Authors: Reeves Jo
Published: May 2014

Jo Reeves discusses research showing that outdoor learning can improve children's self-esteem and language development
Five Little Men in a Flying Saucer
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes discusses ways in which year 2 children can explore themes about looking after our world with this book
Reading their minds
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2014

What are the teaching implications of the recent discovery that autism is over 20 times as common as previously supposed?
Making shrinky dinks
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

Change is the focus of this month's year 2 experiment, with children encouraged to make their own ‘magical’ shrinking artwork
One Big Family
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes shows how this big book can be used with year 2 children to teach literacy, geography and PSHE. The book gives an insight into African village life and the tradition of ogbo
Maths tricks and puzzles
Authors: Dabell John
Published: May 2014

Maths tricks, puzzles and games can make an important contribution toward promoting a positive attitude towards learning. The activities below will also help children to improve their mental dexterity. Planning should provide opportunities for children to refine and extend their thinking skills,and allow them to experience maths as an enjoyable and dynamic subject to share with others.
Tricky tongue-twisters
Authors: Hoad Elizabeth
Published: May 2014

Sue Cowley, the author numerous teaching books including 'A-Z of Teaching', discusses how children can identify sounds and syllables through poetry and alliteration
Playing with numbers
Authors: Iannuzzelli Paul
Published: May 2014

This article for reception/year 1 looks at teaching maths using a kinesthetic approach to learning
Learning about Tudors
Authors: Youngman Angela
Published: May 2014

Angela Youngman's lesson will get children interested in learning about what life was like for the Tudors
Mathematics block
Authors: Cullen Kairen
Published: May 2014

The success or failure children experience with maths contributes much to their educational experience. Research suggests early education makes a big difference
Pop up puppets!
Authors: Sales Jack
Published: May 2014

Using puppets as a focus for this Design Technology project, your class can find out more about mechanisms, materials and joining techniques
Terrific trees
Authors: Hammond's Paula
Published: May 2014

Paula Hammond's science activities give children the chance to explore nature and learn more about growing plants
School now and then
Authors: Cruickshank Sarah
Published: May 2014

Sarah Cruickshank considers how children can use information technology to help them record and display their work on centenary celebrations
Are primary schools too geared towards girls?
Authors: Hindmarch Sonali
Published: May 2014

By seven, one quarter of boys need special help with their education. Sonali Hindmarch questions why
Outdoor games
Authors: Kenworthy Christine
Published: May 2014

Children need to be active. A safe environment where they can be adventurous and have space to move and play can have many benefits. Christine Kenworthy explains
One size fits all?
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2014

How far should a teacher go in responding to individual differences in the way children approach learning?
Delightful dairy!
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

As January 20 is Cheese Day, Paula Hammond's activities offer the chance to introduce children to the science of the dairy
Forget Facebook - FACE is important
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes emphasises that it is never too early to teach children about environmental matters
National inventors' day
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

In recognition of the contribution inventors make to the world, the US celebrates February 11 (the birthday of Thomas Edison) as national inventors� day
Maths beyond the classroom door
Authors: Davis John
Published: May 2014

In the second of a series of articles, John Davis explains how to get the most out of maths lessons, in school and outside
Dispelling stereotypes
Authors: Royle Leeann
Published: May 2014

Teachers should be aware of sexual typecasting among young children. Leeann Royle looks at ways in which the issue of gender can be taught successfully
Lessons on how to live
Authors: Mill Patsy
Published: May 2014

The idea of a ′hidden curriculum′ was once viewed in very negative terms. Is it time to rethink the positive potential of this concept? Patsy Mill discusses
Hanging on the telephone
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

It was on March 10, 1876 that the first successful telephone transmission of clear speech was made. In this lesson, Paula Hammond discusses how to help children make their own
Maths beyond the classroom door
Authors: Davis John
Published: May 2014

In the third in a series of articles, John Davis explains how to get the most out of maths lessons, in school and outside
A mono-cultural community
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: May 2014

One Durham primary school has links with four schools abroad, Dorothy Lepkowska talks to its teachers about the impact this has on the school′s pupils
News
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: May 2014

Medically untrained staff are being asked to carry out complex medical procedures on children in schools, Unison, the public services union, has claimed.
Let's bring the money and the mouth together
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes finds ways to help disaffected children in the early stages of their education
Children and swine flu
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2014

Dr Stephanie Thornton asks: how are our children dealing with the media drama over swine flu?
Teaching children listening skills
Authors: Loughrey Anita
Published: May 2014

In the same way as speaking has been given more emphasis in the renewed Primary Framework, so has the flip side of the coin-listening
Too young to network?
Authors: Mill Patsy
Published: May 2014

Should we encourage or discourage children from using ′networking′ sites on computers?
Widening perspectives
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: May 2014

When the International School Awards were founded in 1999, just 17 schools were eligible to be accredited. On it′s tenth anniversary, more than 700 schools will be receiving their awards
Musical poetry
Authors: Glover Jane
Published: May 2014

This literacy plan supports the objectives from the year 1 poetry units from the Primary Framework.
Listening in the dark
Authors: Croft Sue
Published: May 2014

Display the words of the poem in the box. Read it and repeat it, with children joining in. Discuss the noises in the poem. What could be making those sounds? The creaking might be creaking wooden stairs. The hooting may be an owl. The ticking is a probably a clock. The humming could be the fridge. The pattering is little puppy′s paws, coming upstairs. The scratching is puppy pushing open the bedroom door.
Free Schools Programme: Anything but free
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes looks into the Free Schools debate and what it means for parents and teachers
Are we to say goodbye to health and safety?
Authors: LOUIS SARA
Published: May 2014

′Coalition to cut back on health and safety regulations′-Sara Louis discusses the implications of this
Autumn changes
Authors: Croft Susan
Published: May 2014

Read the poem to the children.
Money, money, money
Authors: Hall Pete
Published: May 2014

Check, count, cube, different, how many?, square, ten.
Ovingdean Hall school In profile
Authors: Griggs Amy
Published: May 2014

Raising money can be a challenge sometimes − particularly for smaller schools. Amy Griggs takes a look at Ovingdean Hall School, which recently raised £9,000, and finds out how it overcame its size to become a fundraising success story.
Maintaining integrity Parental contributions
Authors: Lepowska Dorothy
Published: May 2014

Asking families to make donations and fundraise is a controversial issue, with some schools happy to involve parents, and others reluctant to ask them to contribute. Dorothy Lepowska considers how schools can get the right balance between maintining their integrity and raising enough money to run effectively.
Alumni fundraising Back to the fold
Authors: West Jane
Published: May 2014

How can you release the fundraising potential of former pupils? Jane West examines two schools at the beginning of their journey into cultivating alumni.
Summer time Holidays and beyond
Authors: Baker Shari
Published: May 2014

With the cold temperatures and short days one would be forgiven for thinking that summer is a long way off, but in the world of funding, it is just around the corner. Shari Baker takes a look at how schools can prepare for summer and explores some of the available funding.
Taxing issues Changes to Gift Aid
Authors: Gower Barry
Published: May 2014

Barry Gower takes a look at the effect of changes to the basic rate of tax on Gift Aid. He examines whether it is a cause for concern or a wake−up call.
Right from the start A few pointers
Authors: Warren Laura
Published: May 2014

Laura Warren discusses the benefits of having a PTA and gives some tips for organising a successful fundraising event.
Job satisfaction: Fundraising coordinator
Authors: Baker Shari
Published: May 2014

Shari Baker, discusses the benefits of appointing a fundraising coordinator, and more specifically, how to find the right person for the role.
Making connections: European funding
Authors: Baker Shari
Published: May 2014

Shari Baker looks at the various programmes that make up the Lifelong Learning Programme and what they have to offer. (Contact sb@floemedia.co.uk)
Train to gain; Fundraising courses
Authors: Youngman Angela
Published: May 2014

Raising funds can be hard work particularly if you are a newcomer at the task. Where do you start? A good place is to take a specialist course-it can make all the difference, as numerous fundraisers have discovered. Accredited training can be a good investment and is suitable for anyone involved in fundraising, from school governors to teachers, bursars to school secretaries. Knowing the right way to approach the task of fundraising gives confidence and increases the chance of success.
All together Funds4You
Authors: Youngman Angela
Published: May 2014

Angela Youngman profiles a web-based company that brings together a plethora of products for fundraising, in one place.
Different dragons: Recreating The Den
Authors: Youngman Angela
Published: May 2014

Angela Youngman profiles one college that is getting all fired up over fundraising.
Funding furore Taking a new direction?
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: May 2014

What will government plans to abolish entry fees for those sponsoring academies mean in practice? Dorothy Lepkowska investigates.
Conveying a strong message Effective communication
Authors: Maiden Andrew
Published: May 2014

A school's public message is usually viewed through the prism of its PR and marketing efforts. The prospectus and website are often the first ports of call for interested parties, writes Andrew Maiden.
The Cinderella Gift Aid Why April 1st is no joke
Authors: Gower Barry
Published: May 2014

Private schools and PTAs that are registered as charities are eligible to claim Gift Aid. A change in the law coming into play next year could affect your school, writes Barry Gower.
On the agenda: Lost in translation
Authors: Griggs Amy
Published: May 2014

As we all know, applying for funding, fundraising, and learning how to make the most out of money raised can be both complex and time-consuming. Yet, as we enter a recession never have these issues been more crucial for schools.
Is your school a lean green environmental machine?
Authors: David Anthony
Published: May 2014

Anthony David reviews some ways your school could reduce its carbon footprint, while raising money.
Break a leg! The school production…
Authors: Berry Neil
Published: May 2014

…An ideal way to promote your school, involve the community and make a profit, writes Neil Berry.
Get, set, GO! A sporting success
Authors: Berry Neil
Published: May 2014

Whether it is a sponsored basketball event, a fun run, or even a race night, there are many original way to put the fun into sport fundraising, writes Neil Berry.
Different approaches Recycling, laterally!
Authors: Baker Shari
Published: May 2014

Shari Baker explores the concept of 'recycling' in a much wider context. By considering the individual elements of recycling - 're-use', 'reduce', 'recycle' - a wealth of possibilities for developing engaging projects and accessing a wider funding remit become available.
How headteachers can boost fundraising work
Authors: Best Brin
Published: May 2014

Brin Best provides practical advice on how your headteacher can help maximise your fundraising work.
Recruiting your school fundraising coordinator
Authors: Best Brin
Published: May 2014

Investing in a fundraising coordinator can have a substantial impact on your school. Brin Best explains how to recruit an effective fundraising coordinator for your school.
Funding opportunities for new academies
Authors: Bannister Nick
Published: May 2014

Janice Murphy presents new Department for Education (DfE) advice on funding opportunities available to new academies, which is essential reading for business managers.
Gastroscopy... Japanese style
Authors: Frame Andrea
Published: May 2014

During my earlier years as an endoscopy nurse, I saw many gastric cancers diagnosed. However, it wasn′t until I became an upper gastrointestinal clinical nurse specialist that I realized the dismal outcome for most of these patients. I wanted to know how we could find these cancers earlier and improve the outcome for patients. It was this wish which led me to the National Cancer Center (NCC) in Tokyo last year. The NCC is recognized as one of best cancer centres in the world. In fact, I was lucky enough to win the Heyman Award travel scholarship donated by Sir Horace and Lady Heyman, which enables nurses to travel to other countries and exchange best practice knowledge.
Evaluation of factors which contribute to faecal incontinence. Part 1
Authors: McGrath Anthony , Porrett Theresa
Published: May 2014

A person′s ability to control bodily functions is an important facet in their lives and the prospect of incontinence fills many people with dread. Continence is a complex mechanism that is only partly understood, as the mechanism of continence is multifactorial. Concentration on individual factors is unhelpful in the management of patients with faecal incontinence, as it is often due to multiple factors and rarely due to a single one (Tuteja and Rao, 2004). An understanding of the anatomical and physiological factors will assist the colorectal nurse in the assessment and planning of effective nursing care.
Stomal lacerations and trauma - strange things do happen
Authors: Johnson Antoinette , Porrett Terri
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the phenomena of stomal trauma and explores the evidence that identifies the risks of stomal trauma and the preventative recommendations. This article also illustrates an unusual case study of stomal trauma and provides an insight into this rare occurrence.
what the journals say
Authors: Williams Julia
Published: May 2014

The healing process can be affected by nutritional status of the patient. Although not supported by literature, nutrition as an extrinsic factor is based on two concepts: that malnutrition increases the risk of wound-related complications; and dietary intervention, such as total nutritional support of specific nutritional supplements can speed up the wound healing response.
Clostridium difficile: epidemiology, pathology, treatment and prevention
Authors: Banning Maggi
Published: May 2014

Clostridium difficile is a gut-related bacterium that is resident in about 3% of the population (Hurley and Nguyen, 2002). Patients who are prescribed antibiotics like clindamycin or ampicillin become more susceptible to cross-infection with bacteria like C.difficile. The overgrowth of C.difficile in the gut leads to the transformation of spores into an active form that then enhances the release of bacterial toxins. These toxins are responsible for the development of diarrhoea and colitis. For the majority of cases, stopping the antibiotics usually resolves the condition; however, some patients progress to develop pseudomembranous colitis, which can be life-threatening. Nurses managing patients with a C.difficile infection need to be aware of the importance of current knowledge about the bacterium and its spread in order to help prevent cross-infection.
Improving life for people affected by colitis and Crohn's disease
Authors: Terry Helen
Published: May 2014

The National Association for Colitis and Crohn′s Disease (NACC) was founded in November 1979 as a partnership of patients, their families and friends and the health professionals who care for them. The charity was created as a voluntary association of members working at the national level and through local groups to provide mutual support and to help all those affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). NACC is now served by a team of staff, but retains a very strong emphasis on volunteering involvement in all areas of its activity.
Pancreatic cancer: an overview for allied healthcare practitioners
Authors: Hayes Catherine
Published: May 2014

While numerous new cases of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas are positively diagnosed in the UK each year, it is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in Britain. Specific risk factors include smoking, certain familial cancer syndromes, and familial chronic pancreatitis. Over half of all presenting cases have distant metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis, leading to the overall dismal prognosis of the condition. Computed tomography is the most useful diagnostic and staging tool for clinicians trying to reach a swift diagnosis of the condition. Alongside this, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography may provide additional information leading to enhanced information of specific presentations. The majority of tumours are not surgically resectable because of metastasis and invasion of the major vessels posterior to the pancreas. Allied health professionals within the UK need to be aware of the symptomology, diagnosis and management of this condition.
Helicobacter pylori: pathophysiology, assessment and treatment
Authors: Banning Maggi
Published: May 2014

Gastro−oesophageal disease accounts for the largest prescribing costs in the NHS, affecting 25−40% of the general population (Jones, 1995; Office of Health Economics, 1996) and can have adverse effects on the quality of life (Tougas et al, 1999). It is important for nurses to acknowledge the importance of Helicobacter pylori as a potential pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract and one that can lead to gastric and duodenal ulceration and possibly cancer. The bacterium is easily identified using the urea breath test and is treated with a triple therapy regimen.
Prevention of parastomal hernia: a comparison of results 3 years on
Authors: Thompson Mary Jo , Bernie Trainor
Published: May 2014

Parastomal hernia continues to be a common and distressing problem for patients with stomas and research investigating prevention strategies is scant. In March 2005 Thompson and Trainor reported that the introduction of a prevention programme for 1 year following stoma formation surgery significantly reduced the incidence of parastomal hernia. This follow-up study strengthens the reliability and validity of the findings of the first study by confirming a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of parastomal hernias through the introduction of a simple non-invasive prevention programme.
Aetiology, presentation and management of pilonidal disease
Authors: Ajaz S , Alwarasdeh W , Porrett TRC , Lunniss PJ
Published: May 2014

Pilonidal disease is a common benign condition usually treated by coloproctologists. Its aetiology has been debated, but the evidence points to an acquired, rather than congenital mechanism. Symptom severity is variable, as are surgical approaches to management, with a lack of good quality evidence in the literature. The optimal surgical treatment of pilonidal disease remains controversial. Recurrence and unhealed midline wounds are the main problems following surgery. In general, those surgical procedures that result in wounds away from the midline (natal cleft) are considered to be more successful. Strict attention to nursing care of postoperative wounds is crucial to outcome.
Physical assessment in gastroenterology: abdominal examination
Authors: Hibberts Fiona , Bushell Christine
Published: May 2014

The role of the specialist nurse continues to develop and it is therefore vital that new knowledge and skills accompany the transition. Increasingly, specialist nurses need to swiftly and accurately assess, examine, diagnose and treat patients autonomously (Royal College of Nursing (RCN), 2002). This expansion of skills and knowledge is also reflected in the Chief Nursing Officer′s ten keys roles for nurses (Department of Health (DH), 2002). Academic and theoretical study should be combined with practical and supervised case studies in order to gain competence in this skill.
Understanding GORD from a primary care nurse perspective
Authors: Morcom Joylene
Published: May 2014

Gastro−oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a highly prevalent condition in which the reflux of stomach contents into the oesophagus causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. Characteristic symptoms include heartburn and regurgitation, which can lead to significant disruption of the patient′s physical, social and emotional wellbeing. Patients with GORD are generally managed in the primary care setting, and therefore nurses are ideally placed to help lessen the significant burden of the disease. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and current pharmacological treatment options for GORD, in order to improve understanding and management of this complex disorder.
what the journals say
Authors: Williams Julia
Published: May 2014

It is well documented that difficulties arise for imaging with regard to recurrent pelvic tumours, as it is often difficult to distinguish between benign fibrosis, surgery and its related complications or the effects of adjuvant therapies. This study, therefore, assesses the use of MRI and its value to provide an understanding of tumour recurrence to allow for appropriate surgical planning with particular emphasis on specific sites within the pelvis.
Maintenance treatment of IBD: patient adherence and current practice
Authors: Greveson Kay
Published: May 2014

Crohn′s disease and ulcerative colitis or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are idiopathic diseases characterised by inflammation and ulceration of the lining of the intestine. Peak incidence is between ten and 40 years but IBD can affect people of any age. Diarrhoea, rectal bleeding and abdominal pain are the predominant symptoms depending on the site of disease. Adherence to treatment advice is a major factor in the successful control of disease and the prevention of hospital admission and readmission. The advent of 5−aminosalicylic acid (5−ASA) once−daily dosing formulations induce and maintain disease remission in mild−to-moderate ulcerative colitis while potentially improving adherence to treatment regimens. This articles aims to summarise the new formulations of 5−ASA available, their potential effect on patient adherence, and the implication for practice in role of the clinical nurse specialist.
Update on immunosuppressive agents in gastroenterology
Authors: Beath Sue
Published: May 2014

Immune suppression has developed from agents such as steroids with broad actions mediated via pathways acting on the nuclear transcription factors (e.g. nuclear factor−kappa B), which promotes transcription of the interleukin−2 gene), to agents inhibiting intermediary molecules in the cytosol (e.g. calcineurin inhibitors such as ciclosporine and tacrolimus) to toll receptor inhibition (e.g. sirolimus), to highly specific interactions with glycoproteins on the cell surface (e.g. interleukin−2 receptor antagonists which are blocked by monoclonal antibodies such as daclizumab or basiliximab or infliximab). In the past 15 years, the elucidation of mechanism of action of drugs such as sirolimus have provided insights into the control of apotosis and fibrosis as well as rejection. Drugs antagonistic to the effect of inflammatory mediators, such as the cytokine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF−α), have been important in treating an enormous range of conditions including arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and rejection in transplanted tissue.
what the journals say
Authors: Williams Julia
Published: May 2014

Loss of bladder and/or bowel function is extremely distressing for patients,having an extreme effect on their quality of life, curtailing lifestyle and inevitably leading to a lowered self−esteem.
Comfort and functionality in stoma care: the new Freestyle.®Vie range
Authors: Black Pat
Published: May 2014

Surgery of the bowel that results in a stoma, whether temporary or permanent, is designed to improve the patient′s current situation in removing disease, reducing pain and improving health. The ability of the patient with a stoma to adapt to the physical and psychological trauma of stoma surgery is demonstrated by the many patients who return to their everyday activities and relationships. The loss of control over elimination and the use of a stoma appliance add to the stress that patients experience during their admission to hospital. Sources of stress in patients admitted to hospital, such as threats to body integrity and comfort, are well documented. There is an extensive array of stoma appliances available on the drug tariff and the wide choice can be bewildering for the community nurse and general practitioner. However, modern appliances are continually changing and being updated and this article looks at an evaluation of a new range of closed and drainable pouches, the Freestyle.® Vie, developed by Welland Medical, which aim to give the ostomate a more comfortable, skin-friendly and functional pouch.
The importance of gastrointestinal nurses being HLA−B27 aware
Authors: Cox Carol , Evans Patricia , Withers Timothy , Titmuss Karen
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a discussion associated with the causes, symptomatology and medical management of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)−B27 positive autoimmune disorder, uveitis. Ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn′s disease are considered as they are two types of HLA−B27 positive diseases that demonstrate a link to uveitis. The importance of gastrointestinal nurses being HLA−B27 aware is stressed. A conclusion is drawn that the gastrointestinal nurse has an important role in suspecting the potential for uveitis to develop when the patient has an autoimmune disorder (such as Crohn′s disease, ulcerative colitis or inflammatory bowel disease), in providing anticipatory guidance, and arranging appropriate referral to an ophthalmologist when necessary.
Applying theory to practice
Authors: Norton Christine
Published: May 2014

Welcome to the October issue of Gastrointestinal Nursing (GIN). I have been watching with interest how the journal is progressing since leaving the position of Associate Editor a couple of years ago. I am delighted to see that the content continues to answer clinically relevant questions in an accessible format.
Understanding Barrett's oesophagus, part 1: Surveillance and management
Authors: Bailey Karen
Published: May 2014

Barrett′s oesophagus is a condition that can predispose patients to the development of oesophageal cancer. Surveillance for this condition has the potential to detect early changes, although the value of endoscopic surveillance is debated. In the first of three articles exploring Barrett′s oesophagus, Karen Bailey explains the importance of early detection of oesophageal cancer in ′at-risk′ patients, and outlines promising future developments in surveillance and treatment. Subsequent articles in this series will consider patients′ perceptions of surveillance programmes, and the rationale for endoscopic surveillance.
Colorectal cancer and GI polyps: When to refer patients for genetic assessment
Authors: Davies Mark
Published: May 2014

Some patients with colorectal cancer or gastrointestinal polyps have an underlying inherited predisposition to cancer. Identifying such patients allows appropriate risk management strategies to be offered to the affected individual and other at-risk family members. In this article, Mark Davies discusses the major features of the genetic syndromes associated with colorectal cancer and gastrointestinal polyps. Practical strategies are also offered to help identify which patients have an underlying genetic predisposition to cancer and should be referred for specialist cancer genetic assessment.
what the journals say
Authors: Alison Coutts
Published: May 2014

Obesity appears to be a risk factor for hepatic steatosis, (or fatty liver disease, excessive quantities of triglyceride fat inside liver cells). Hepatic steatosis has been implicated in the development of hepatic fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection.
Professional promotion: Ensuring the value of stoma care services is recognized
Authors: Black Pat
Published: May 2014

Stoma care nurses have expressed concerns that the introduction of appliance use reviews may result in disrupted patient pathways. Pat Black argues that stoma care nurses need to help themselves and ensure that GPs, practice nurses, and crucially, NHS commissioners are aware of the support which stoma care nurses provide their patients. In this time of change, the stoma care nursing profession needs to be proactive to protect their role and demonstrate that they can provide a cost-effective, high quality service.
The root of the problem: An irritable bowel or an average American lifestyle?
Authors: Holloway Topaz J
Published: May 2014

In the USA, it is estimated that between 25 and 55�million individuals are affected by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and, as in the UK, almost half of patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms are diagnosed with IBS (IBS Register, 2009). With no consensus as to the cause, management tends to focus on the relief of symptoms, often through ineffective pharmacological interventions. Topaz J Holloway argues that health professionals need to understand the limitations of using pharmacological therapy to relieve symptoms. Additionally, it seems rational for health professionals to seek to understand their patients′ ′culture′ in order to address what may well be the root cause of IBS-our modern day lifestyles.
The challenge of alcohol-related disease
Authors: Owens Lynn
Published: May 2014

With as many as 40 000 deaths annually attributed to alcohol misuse, at a cost to the NHS of £2.7 billion, nurses and doctors in gastroenterology and hepatology across the country have recently called for major reforms to the structure of alcohol services and support systems. While minimum pricing on alcohol has the potential to reduce the future burden of alcohol-related disease on hospitals, there is a need to improve responses to those currently at risk of, or suffering from, alcohol-related harm.
Oesophageal and gastric cancer awareness
Authors: Elliot Dawn
Published: May 2014

National oesophago-gastric cancer awareness week has recently been held to highlight the importance of early detection of upper gastrointestinal disease. Dawn Elliot outlines the aims of the campaign.
Keeping up to date with stoma care accessories: Enabling informed choice
Authors: Boyles Anna
Published: May 2014

A range of products and accessories are available to assist patients to overcome a number of stoma problems and enhance their self-care. Used in conjunction with good appliance selection, they help to maintain peristomal skin integrity and promote pouch reliability. For many patients they make the difference between gaining independence in their stoma care, and living with continuing problems. Anna Boyles examines the incidence of problematic stomas, why accessories are used and who should recommend them. A range of problems are examined and the choices available on the market and their appropriate use are discussed.
Assessing abdominal pain through history taking and physical examination
Authors: Apau Daniel
Published: May 2014

Abdominal pain can be a distressing experience for patients and presentations in primary or acute care pose diagnostic challenges to practitioners. In order to successfully manage a patient presenting with abdominal pain, it is imperative that the practitioner has a thorough, comprehensive understanding and knowledge of the methodological assessment of abdominal pain. In this article, Daniel Apau presents an brief overview of assessment for the types and origins of abdominal pain in practice.
Understanding religious beliefs of patients needing a stoma
Authors: Black Pat
Published: May 2014

The delivery of health care does not happen in a vacuum. Health is very much part of a person’s life that will involve upbringing, culture and faith. One of the challenges in stoma care is to bring to a multicultural society a high quality of care that will meet the appropriate needs of the patient. Cultural sensitivity is an affective or attitudinal construct. A person’s attitude about themselves and others and their openness to learning along cultural dimensions are central to cultural sensitivity. Cultural diversity is a fact of life. As the world responds to easier and faster global travel it is inevitable that nurses will meet and care for people from different parts of the planet. In a multicultural, multi-faith society, it is essential that care is offered in a way that respects and accommodates everyone’s cultural and religious needs. In this article, Pat Black addresses some of the issues that should be considered when bowel surgery, particularly stoma surgery, is undertaken on patients who have distinct cultural and religious beliefs.
Self-management programme for patients with long-term inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gethins Sharon , Duckett Tracey , Shatford Chris , Robinson Richard
Published: May 2014

Self-management interventions for long-term conditions have existed for more than a decade. The move from the traditional patient follow-up to self-managment has been due to the pressures in the NHS to improve efficiency and meet targets. The patient role is evolving, and patients are being encouraged to take control and actively participate in their disease management. In this article, Sharon Gethins, Tracey Duckett, Chris Shatford and Richard Robinson aim to evaluate the benefits of self-management in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).