bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelado espacial del carbono orgánico del suelo y su relación con otras propiedades químicas en el cultivo de arroz del distrito de riego del Norte de Santander Colombiano
Authors: Santos Pablo Emilio , Roa Hugo Alexander , Darghan Aquiles Enrique , Monroy Julio César
Published: July 2019

El carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) es importante en la determinación de las propiedades químicas que son fuente esencial de nutrientes para los cultivos. El estudio de su dinámica está relacionado con propiedades del suelo que sustentan los cultivos tal como la fertilidad. En este sentido, es crucial su estudio para intentar explicar los factores que favorecen su desestabilización, especialmente cuando los suelos están siendo afectados por perturbaciones como la quema de residuos de cosechas e inundaciones para riego, algo usual en ciertas regiones arroceras. El estudio actual evaluó el efecto de algunas propiedades químicas sobre el contenido de COS mediante diferentes modelos de regresión espacial utilizando 403 puntos de muestreo. La única propiedad química en rezago que resultó significativa fue el Zn y en condición natural el Ca, Mg, K, Cu y Zn, con mayor asociación para el Ca, lo que sugiere que el SOC está relacionado espacialmente en zonas arroceras del norte de Santander principalmente al contenido de Ca. De este modo, los planes de manejo del SOC mediante fertilización pueden hacerse controlando las aplicaciones de elementos del suelo que evidenciaron relación. El reconocimiento de la importancia de estas propiedades puede ser útil en el manejo sitio-específico de la fertilización y en la evaluación de la calidad del suelo.
El hambre: abordaje desde la seguridad alimentaria hasta el derecho a la alimentación
Authors: Pachón Jenny Paola , Medina-Moreno Melisa , Pachón-Ariza Fabio Alberto
Published: July 2019

El hambre se ha abordado desde una visión esencialmente medicalizada. Un enfoque integral de este creciente problema ha sido evadido por la política propuesta por los organismos multilaterales, que lo han reducido a un asunto de producción de alimentos que garanticen disponibilidad de los mismos. Un abordaje más complejo requiere tener en cuenta los diversos actores que están relacionados en el proceso, desde quienes producen los alimentos, hasta quienes los consumen, las políticas alimentarias y los derechos de todos como seres humanos. Así, este artículo pretende brindar una mirada holística al problema del hambre, analizándolo desde la Seguridad Alimentaria, pasando por la Soberanía Alimentaria y desembocando en el Derecho a la Alimentación como posible camino para la solución del mismo. Con base en un análisis de literatura disponible, se concluye en la necesidad de un cambio de paradigma en la implementación de acciones en territorio y la pertinencia de la participación ciudadana en las políticas públicas.
FUNDAMENTALIS DAN RADIKALIS ISLAM DI TENGAH KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL INDONESIA
Authors: Mufti Muslim , Rahman M. Taufiq
Published: July 2019

This article discusses the origins of fundamentalism and radicalism in Indonesia. This discussion is a new challenge for social studies in Indonesia considering that this country has a population with a majority of Muslims. By taking texts from contemporary books and journals, this study describes what is the formation of fundamentalism and radicalism, why it arises, and how it develops in Indonesia. This study found that various motives and opportunities emerged in Indonesia as a cause of the emergence of fundamentalism and radicalism. Finally, this study also suggests how well the Indonesian people face the threat of fundamentalism and radicalism.
The Use of Bodies By G. Agamben (2015)
Authors: Lloyd Vincent
Published: July 2019

The Use of Bodies By G. Agamben (2015) Stanford: Stanford University Press, 312pp.
Modern Religion, Modern Race By T. M. Vial (2016)
Authors: Heschel Susannah
Published: July 2019

Modern Religion, Modern Race By T. M. Vial (2016) New York: Oxford University Press, xiii+277pp.
Resounding mysteries
Authors: Petridou Georgia
Published: July 2019

The term ‘soundscape’, as coined by the Canadian composer R. Murray Schafer at the end of the 1960s, refers to the part of the acoustic environment that is perceivable by humans. This study attempts to reconstruct roughly the Eleusinian ‘soundscape’ (the words and the sounds made and heard, and those others who remained unheard) as participants in the Great Mysteries of the two Goddesses may have perceived it in the Classical and post-Classical periods. Unlike other mystery cults (e.g. the Cult of Cybele and Attis) whose soundscapes have been meticulously investigated, the soundscape of Eleusis has received relatively little attention, since the visual aspect of the Megala Mysteria of Demeter and Kore has for decades monopolised the scholarly attention. This study aims at putting things right on this front, and simultaneously look closely at the relational dynamic of the acoustic segment of Eleusis as it can be surmised from the work of well-known orators and philosophers of the first and second centuries CE.
The texture of the gift
Authors: Hughes Jessica
Published: July 2019

What did ancient religion feel like? This article explores different elements of tactile experience in Greco-Roman sanctuaries, focusing on a group of 'confession stelai' from Roman Asia Minor. Themes explored include the transgressive touching of ancient sacred objects by mortals, and the punitive touching of mortal bodies by the Greco-Roman gods.
The Work of the Dead: A Cultural History of Mortal Remains By T. W. Laqueur (2015)
Authors: Cann Candi K
Published: July 2019

The Work of the Dead: A Cultural History of Mortal Remains By T. W. Laqueur (2015) Princeton: Princeton University Press, 730pp.
Why We Dance: A Philosophy of Bodily Becoming By K. LaMothe (2015)
Authors: Carp Richard M.
Published: July 2019

Why We Dance: A Philosophy of Bodily Becoming By K. LaMothe (2015) New York: Columbia University Press, 300pp.
Transport system modelling based on analogies between road networks and electrical circuits
Authors: Tolmachev Alexander V. , Sinitsyn Evgeny V. , Brusyanin Dmitrii A.
Published: July 2019

This article describes a probabilistic mathematical model which can be used to analyse traffic flows in a road network. This model allows us to calculate the probability of distribution of vehicles in a regional road network or an urban street network. In the model, the movement of cars is treated as a Markov process. This makes it possible to formulate an equation determining the probability of finding cars at key points of the road network such as street intersections, parking lots or other places where cars concentrate. For a regional road network, we can use cities as such key points. This model enables us, for instance, to use the analogues of Kirchhoff First Law (Ohm's Law) for calculation of traffic flows. This calculation is based on the similarity of a real road network and resistance in an electrical circuit. The traffic flow is an analogue of the electric current, the resistance of the section between the control points is the time required to move from one key point to another, and the voltage is the difference in the number of cars at these points. In this case, well-known methods for calculating complex electrical circuits can be used to calculate traffic flows in a real road network. The proposed model was used to calculate the critical load for a road network and compare road networks in various regions of the Ural Federal District.
Tribute to a Leading Personality of World Horticultural Science
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E.
Published: July 2019

Following the proposal of Academic Council of Horticulture Faculty, the Senate of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca accepted nominee Professor Jules Janick for Doctor Honoris Causa award. The title was awarded in festive ceremony on September 30, 2010. Jules Janick, Professor at Purdue University has a long and distinguished career devoted to horticulture in all its facets. In horticultural research, he has made important advances including the genetics of sex determination including the synthesis of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, fireblight resistance, cleistogamy, cucurbitacins, artemisisin production, anthocyanin pigmentation, as well as in vitro metabolite production from somatic embryos and the production of synthetic seed. In crop improvement, he has been associated with the release of 21 scab-resistant apple cultivars, three pear cultivars with tolerance to fireblight, delayed-bolting arugula, crack resistant tomato, and the first release of a pelargonium cultivar from somaclonal variation. Professor Janick has made contributions to the historical aspects of horticulture and explored the relation of art and horticultural technology with special studies on the iconography of Rubus, Cucurbitaceae, and Solanaceae, opening up a new approach to the study of plant diversity, origins, cultivar evolution, and diversity. Professor Janick has been a prolific author and editor in horticulture. He was the editor of HortScience and editor of the Journal of ASHS. He is the founder and editor of both Horticultural Reviews and Plant Breeding Reviews. Since 2002 he has been the science editor of Chronica Horticulturae (ISHS). Janick has edited and produced six proceedings of New Crops symposia since 1990 that have had a deep impact on new crop information. The development of a new crop website has become a major world resource for information on crops. He is the author of the texts Horticultural Science, Plant Science: An Introduction to World Crops, and the co-editor of a series of monographs on fruit breeding. So far in his career Janick has written or edited 140 volumes, a truly prodigious achievement; he has taught numerous courses in genetics, plant breeding, and horticulture. Professor Janick has become one of the best known personalities of world horticulture. His credo has been that advances in horticulture throughout the centuries represent some of the greatest human accomplishments for the betterment of humanity.
Chemotherapy Toxicity in BRCA Mutation Carriers Undergoing First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Weitzner Omar , Yagur Yael , Kadan Yfat , Beiner Mario E. , Fishman Ami , Ben Ezry Emilie , Amitai Komem Daphna , Helpman Limor
Published: July 2019

Objective

BRCA mutations are the most frequent mutations causing homologous recombination defects in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC). Germline mutation carriers are heterozygous for the mutation and harbor one defective allele in all cells. This has been hypothesized to cause increased susceptibility to DNA damage in healthy cells as well as neoplastic ones. Our objective was to assess chemotherapy-associated toxicities in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer with and without a germline BRCA mutation.

Mateials and Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients with EOC receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy at a single center between 2006 and 2016. Indices of chemotoxicity, including blood counts, transfusion requirements, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (gCSF) prescriptions, episodes of febrile neutropenia, and treatment delays were compared for BRCA mutation carriers and noncarriers.

Results

A total of 90 women met the inclusion criteria, including 31 BRCA mutation carriers (34%) and 59 noncarriers (66%). Mean hemoglobin, neutrophil count, and platelet counts during treatment were comparable for the two patient groups. There was a trend toward a higher frequency of hematological events in BRCA mutation carriers (neutropenia <1500 per mL: 6% vs. 0%, p = .12; thrombocytopenia <100,000 per mL: 23% vs. 9%, p = .07), but these differences were not statistically significant. Similarly, no significant differences were found in surrogates of bone marrow toxicity such as blood transfusions, use of gCSF, episodes of febrile neutropenia, or treatment delays.

Conclusion

BRCA mutation carriers and noncarriers receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy for EOC have similar hematologic toxicity profiles. Clinicians treating these patients can be reassured that chemotherapy dosing or schedule do not require adjustment in patients carrying BRCA mutations.

Implications for Practice

Patients with ovarian cancer carrying BRCA mutations are more likely to have serous tumors and present with higher CA125 levels. Germline BRCA mutation status is not associated with increased frequency of adverse hematologic events among patients with ovarian cancer being treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Germline BRCA mutations are also not associated with more treatment delays or a lower number of courses completed in this patient population. These findings should reassure practitioners engaged in care for patients with ovarian cancer that BRCA mutation status most likely will not affect chemotherapy dosing or schedule.
Exclusión e inclusión: lectura de narrativas de un grupo de jóvenes constructores/as de paz
Authors: Cardona Lopes Marta , Loaiza de la Pava Julian , Ospina Serna Hector Fabio
Published: July 2019

Los sujetos como productos y productores directos de una cultura específica y, por tanto, de una realidad histórica única construyen su ser en el mundo a partir una compleja gama de relaciones y rasgos identitarios; los cuales facilitan afirmar que abstracciones de la vida social como: la edad, la etnia, los roles sociales,la clase social, el sexo, el género y la orientación sexual de las personas terminan siendo definitivas en la configuración de dichas identidades y, por supuesto, de la forma como cada ser humano es concebido, valorado, reconocido e integrado al interior de su grupo social. En este sentido, el texto recoge una lectura de las categorías de exclusión e inclusión, a partir de las narrativas de un grupo de jóvenes constructores/ as de paz habitantes de zonas de ciudades colombianas como: Cartagena, Manizales y Cali caracterizadas por la violencia generalizada, la reiterada vulneración y violación de los Derechos humanos y por estar involucradas en un proceso de formación y configuración de nuevas prácticas de participación política ciudadana,  desde la escuela como escenario de socialización.
Educación e inclusión en la Región Andina
Authors: Villarán Bedoya Veronica , Guerrero Ortiz Luis
Published: July 2019

La relación entre educación e inclusión en el contexto andino puede analizarse considerando 4 desafíos. El primero, acceso a la educación , ha tenido una mayor visibilidad en las acciones de los gobiernos y ha supuesto en general avances destacados en la extensión de la cobertura en educación inicial y en secundaria, además de la práctica universalización de la primaria. El segundo, acceso equitativo a condiciones materiales básicas para el aprendizaje , ha estado presente a través de programas de atención integral, que han venido aportando alimentación, salud, vínculos comunitarios y familiares e incentivos económicos a los niños más pobres, en especial a la primera infancia. El tercero, acceso a logros educativos de calidad , está más relacionado al currículo y presenta mayores dificultades: rendimientos escolares bajos, especialmente en zonas rurales; brechas educativas que reflejan desigualdades sociales; deficiencias y limitaciones en las capacidades pedagógicas de los docentes, que se traducen en malos desempeños aún contando con currículos innovadores. Finalmente, el cuarto, la inclusión educativa como reflejo de la inclusión social y cultural de todos los grupos sociales , es el que presenta mayores problemas y desafíos: problemas de convivencia, integración y cohesión social en las instituciones escolares, de ciudadanía y de no reconocimiento del otro como sujeto con iguales derechos. Si bien este problema es expresión de un contexto social inequitativo, surge la pregunta por las posibilidades y responsabilidades que la educación, escuelas y educadores podemos y debemos asumir.
Dimensiones de la exclusión educativa y políticas de inclusión
Authors: Tenti Fanfani Emilio
Published: July 2019

El artículo discute dos dimensiones del fenómeno de la exclusión escolar. El primero se relaciona con el acceso y permanencia en las instituciones escolares. El segundo remite al problema del aprendizaje. La universalidad de la escolarización y el desarrollo efectivo de los aprendizajes plantean condiciones sociales y pedagógicas. En la mayoría de los países de América Latina, las múltiples expresiones de la exclusión social (desempleo, subempleo, informalidad, inseguridad, violencia, desestructuración familiar, etc.) van acompañadas de un proceso permanente de inclusión escolar. Esta combinación es relativamente inédita, está produciendo una serie de transformaciones profundas en el sentido y las experiencias escolares. A su vez, las instituciones educativas que atienden a las poblaciones socialmente excluidas por lo general son instituciones débiles; es decir, cada vez menos capaces de estructurar las prácticas y experiencias significativas de las nuevas generaciones. En este contexto, se han desplegado políticas y programas de inclusión escolar que apuntan tanto a fortalecer la demanda como a mejorar las condiciones de la oferta escolar. Luego de ofrecer una tipología de las intervenciones se desarrollan algunas consideraciones acerca de las modalidades de recepción de los programas en las institucion esescolares, así como algunos de sus efectos perversos.
Formación del profesorado en educación especial, inclusión educativa y dispositivos de formación en Colombia
Authors: Yarza de los Rios Alexander
Published: July 2019

El artículo realiza un análisis desde el punto de vista de los dispositivos de formación, en un contexto en donde la inclusión educativa está planteándole retos a los procesos formativos de educadores especiales. La propuesta planteada por el autor, implica considerar los siguientes elementos: la reflexividad, la subjetivación y la objetivación; el asignaturismo y la disgregación de saberes/experiencias; la apertura del pensamiento, sujetos, saberes y las problemáticas culturales y sociales; las prácticas reflexivas y la transposición didáctica desde las prácticas; poner en tela de juicio la normalidad y la normalización, subordinación y otras narraciones. Asimismo, se afirma que la formación del profesorado en educación especial y la educación especial misma se tienen que convertir en objetos de análisis de una comunidad de saber, analítica que puede hacerse desde la epistemología crítica, la pedagogía histórica y las narraciones. Al mismo tiempo, el artículo toma como pretexto para sus reflexiones una novela en donde se comentan algunas historias sobre una familia de monstruos que vive en un circo y la posibilidad de ejercer una crítica a nuestranormalidad desde la fábula y la imaginación.
Counting worms / C. elegans / nematodes v1
Authors: Riccio Cristian
Published: July 2019

Count worms, e.g. arrested L1s after an overnight starvation in M9 on a rotating wheel.
Judicialização da saúde nos municípios da região metropolitana de Belém-PA
Authors: Damasceno Taissa Viana , Bentes Ribeiro Krishina Carrilho
Published: July 2019

Objective: to present a panorama of the requests for judicial proceedings concerning medicines from the observations in the municipalities of the metropolitan region of Belém-PA; verify the arguments used by the plaintiffs, judges and defendants in observance of the compatibility of court proceedings with public drug policy; and classify the medications requested in these actions. Methodology: research conducted from the project The judicialization of public health policy in Brazilian municipalities, conducted in the second half of 2017, in the municipalities of Belém, Marituba and Benevides. Descriptive study of quantitative approach with health-related demands, through the analysis of 264 lawsuits, in which the data found were organized in a spreadsheet made in Excel 2010 software. Results: 40 out of the total number of cases analyzed refer to totaling 72 different drugs, these were divided into those present in the Essential Drug Relationships (46), absent from the SUS lists (25) and those not registered for use (1). The Public Prosecution Service and the Public Defender's Office are the most sought after actors in conflict mediation and their resolutions. The plaintiffs use the health-related legal framework to justify their arguments. Conclusion: the request for drugs not on the SUS lists shows the lack of knowledge of prescribing professionals, since among the prescribed drugs, there is an equal choice in the relationships of essential drugs and that will not cause risk to the patient.
O direito fundamental e coletivo à saúde no contexto da judicialização
Authors: Domingos Larissa de Oliveira , Rosa Gabriela Ferreira de Camargos
Published: July 2019

Objective: to analyze the judicialization of the fundamental and collective right to health, with a focus on the causes and problems caused by excessive judicial demands. Method: brief bibliographical review and method of deductive analysis, based on the interaction between the phenomena of judicialization and the conception of health as a fundamental and collective right. Results: this study observed an obstruction of collective access to health for the execution of individual lawsuits. Conclusion: the judicialization of health generates numerous problems to the Public Authority and harms the equality and equal access to the right in question.
CURRENT LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS OF SHAPING THE IMAGE OF ANOTHER COUNTRY IN THE HISTORY OF FRENCH-UKRAINIAN RELATIONS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Litiaga V.
Published: July 2019

The article analyzes basic scientific approaches to the interpretation of the terms of «linguoculturology», «linguistic conceptology» and «linguistic concept». We consider the relationship of language and culture, and the role of the term «concept» in this regard. In the article we structured the term «concept» from a linguocultural point of view. These theoretical considerations are the basis for the study of ways and means of forming a conceptual image of Kyiv Rus in the French medieval linguistic cultural picture of the world. The aim of this article is to examine the influence of the country’s image on shaping the bilateral relations between Ukraine and France in a linguocultural conceptual aspect. The article reveals the main semantic and linguo-conceptual aspects of medieval French culture. It shows the links between historical and actual aspects of the conceptual sphere in the formation of public opinion in contemporary international relations. Despite the increasing interest of the scholars in the influence that the image of country may have on bilateral relations, this topic has been under‐researched. This article presents the author’s insights based on theoretical and empirical studies that could shed some new light on this important topic. By looking at the «linguocultural» aspect of the relationship between Kyiv Rus and France in the Medieval times the article gives a basic analysis of the process of country image formation since the tenth century and its impact on present times. The article also provides a basis for further linguistic research of this topic.
WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY: IRONIC CONTEXT OF HIS “KYIV TEXT”
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mykhed T.
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the parody ballad by W. M. Thackeray "The Legend of St. Sophia of Kioff" (1839). An attempt was made to indicate the source of information about Kyiv, which could be found in Jane Porter’s historical novel "Thaddeus of Warsaw", written according to the testimonies of Polish emigrants. The ballad is interpreted as a traditional for English oral and written literature genre, which has acquired formal signs of printed text. All these signs are present in Thackeray's ballad, including the division into chapters, a functionally significant paratext, topical historical and cultural allusiveness, satirical-defamatory pathos, polemics. "Kyiv text" in Thackeray’s poem is modeled according to the genre conventions of the ballads about St. George, stating an informative narrative with a programmed and incessant general message. Thackeray creates the image of Kyiv in the traditions of utopian literature, calling it a real paradise. Kyiv happy residents became victims of envious neighbors, whose ethnographic and religious affiliation is absurdly mottled. Thackeray does not hold on to the historical truth, forming a fictional space, markers of which are stereotypes of romantic literature topos, comparisons, the allusion to the works and the style of Byron, Hoffman and other romantics. Irony becomes the defining ideological and aesthetic dominant of Thackeray’s ballad about the confrontation between the Kyivans and Cossack invaders, which, marked by intertext, forms the distance of the narrator from the text, inducing the reader to form his own ironic perception of both the artistic world of the work and of the reality.
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPONENT SEMANTICS IN MODAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE MODAL VERBS OF “OBLIGATION” ON THEIR GRAMMATICAL AND STATISTICAL FEATURES (ON THE BASIS OF THE TECHNICAL DISCOURSE TEXTS)
Authors: Borisenko T. , Tsinovaya M. , Tsapenko L. , Sirotenko T.
Published: July 2019

The article presents the study of Modal verb constructions with the modal verbs of “obligation” must, have to+ Inf., be to + Inf. functioning in the scientific and technical discourse texts. The material of the research are three technical text corpora, which belong to engineering fields scientifically and technically unrelated to each other – “Electrical Engineering (Energy Supply and Power Management)”, “Automotive Industry” and “Chemical Engineering” – and compiled on the basis of scientific journals of the United States and Great Britain. This allows to obtain the results that are supposedly of a universal nature and can be applied practically to any field of scientific discourse. The goal is to consider: firstly, which semantic groups of verbs (in different grammatical forms) are attached to a particular modal verb, i.e. the following interrelationship is defined: the semantics of a modal verb – semantics and form of a main verb (the second constituent of the modal construction); secondly, to what extent this interdependence affects the usage frequency of the various semantic groups of the main verbs that make up certain MVCs. The results of the research have demonstrated that in Modal verb constructions of this type functioning in the scientific technical discourse texts the predicative meaning of modal verbs is determinant for the semantic features of main verbs connecting to them (modal verbs). The main verb semantics in its turn influences on their (main verbs) grammatical and statistical characteristics. The modal verb must has the highest frequency of use in scientific texts. It gives imperative which underlines the author’s stability of position and faultlessness of the obtained and presented results. Have to + Inf. MVC is much less frequent and it is a result of the modal component semantics of this construction. Modal verb constructions where the modal verb is be to + Inf. are used by the authors of scientific articles quite rarely, which can be also explained by semantic peculiarities of the verb be to + Inf. In Modal verb constructions with the modal verbs of “obligation” must, have to+ Inf., be to + Inf. the passive voice is more preferable than active voice because in the scientific and technical discourse texts human activity does not manifest evidently since the authors should take second place and be present indirectly through their scientific achievements.
VERBALIZATION OF ETHNOCULTURAL COMPONENT IN LEXICON OF SPANISH LANGUAGE
Authors: Redkovska T. , Grabovska N.
Published: July 2019

The article discusses some ways of ethnocultural component verbalization in the lexicon of the Spanish language. Current linguistic studies view language both as the main means of communication, and as an instrument of cognition of material and spiritual values inherent in various ethnic groups and cultures. Linguistic phenomena are examined from this perspective by a number of related disciplines, with ethnolinguistics and cultural linguistics being the most prominent in terms of the issues under study. The analysis of manifestations of culturally marked components verbalization in Spanish displays close explicitly / implicitly expressed links between linguistic and extralinguistic elements. The items under study include separate lexemes with corresponding semantic content, as well as phraseological units, proverbs and sayings, which reflect certain aspects of Spanish sociocultural environment. This can be illustrated by the Latin expression pan y сirco (bread and circuses), which implies that to be content with their life, common people of the Roman Empire needed not only labour but also entertainment, i.e. gladiator games. The Spanish equivalent pan y toros features a lexical substitution of the second element, where the Castilian lexeme ‘bulls’, which reflects a popular Spanish entertainment, corrida, is used instead of the Latin ‘circuses’. Both lexemes exemplify a genus-species synecdochic semantic shift, in which the lack of cultural markedness led to a ‘species’ type of notion with an additional background information being used instead of the genus type notion of ‘entertainment’. The obtained results demonstrate that ethnoculturally marked lexicon is formed by semantic shift of metaphorical or metonymic type, for example, when certain classes of onyms (anthroponyms, ethnonyms, toponyms) acquire meanings of common nouns which encode ethnocultural facts. For the restoration and disclosure of lost connection between cultural and linguistic signs, a consistent diachronic analysis was carried out on semantic and word formation levels. Further linguistic research can focus on the studies of the phenomenon of verbalization in the language of national culture objects, the analysis of specifics of presentation in the language of the mentality of a particular ethnic group, the regularity of reflection in semantics of language units of axiological categories of culture.
MODES OF RITUALIZATION IN THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE COMMUNICATIVE PRACTICES (BASED ON THE BIRTHDAY GREETINGS MATERIALS)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Afanasieva O.
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic and pragmatic features of the modal organization of ritualized communicative practices. Modern research of modality (J. L. Bybee, R. Perkins, W. Pagliuca, F. R Palmer, J. Nuyts, A. Kratzer, I. Depraetere, J. van der Auwera, V. Plungian, Huddleston R. et al.) shows its all-embracing and complex nature, as well as the need of its further study considering a linguopragmatic dimension, which, in particular, comprises the ritual as a complex cultural phenomenon (E. Durkheim, A. van Gennep, B. Malinowski, V. Turner, M. Douglas, W. L. Warner, A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, R. A. Rappaport, R. Collins, R. L. Grimes, C. Bell). In this article, the ritual is considered as a complex system of construction and modeling of a special reality (transreality), the creation of which occurs through the transition from everyday reality to the "possible" worlds that arise in the ritualized interaction. Ritualization moduses form a complex structure in which temporal, modal (imperative, optative, deontic, possibilistic) and evaluative components are in interaction. The main direction of modalization is the modification of the field of human possibilities, primarily through its expansion, narrowing, adaptation and regulation. In the ritualized practices, if viewed from the communicative and discursive perspective, occurs the creation of a certain communicative situation and its fixation as a culturally determined event. Such prototype rituals of an event construction include a birthday celebration, which forms a complex structure, which embraces several basic elements that belong to the spheres of being and its time structure, honoring and giving, superagency, time and space allocation. The main linguopragmatic differences of the modal structure of English-language greeting messages have been revealed in their two varieties – secular and religious.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED PHONETIC COMPETENCE OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS IN THE COURSE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES
Authors:   Kyiv National Linguistic University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zenya L. , Roman S. ,   Kyiv National Linguistic University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kolominova O. ,   Private Higher Educational Institution Ukrainian Institute of Arts and Sciences (Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine)
Published: July 2019

The problem of professionally oriented phonetic competence of pre-service teachers in the course of foreign language classes and classes of Practical Phonetics in a foreign language higher educational institution of a bachelor degree level is investigated. The need for further improvements of the given competence in the light of increased requirements towards the national system of professional foreign language pre-service teachers training of potentially top professionals in the current intercultural foreign language educational environment has been emphasized. Consequently, the essence and components of the competence i.e. phonetic skills, knowledge and awareness have been specified. Specific peculiarities of phonetic competence compared against other linguistic competencies have been defined, especially it sensitivity to interlanguage interference and its ability for linguistic fossilization. Conceptual basics of the proprietary methodology of professionally oriented foreign language competence are highlighted. Moreover, some examples of professionally oriented tasks, elaborated by the authors in compliance with the requirements for teaching materials selection and teaching process planning of foreign language classes and Practical Phonetics are provided.
ANGLICISMS IN THE MODERN FRENCH LANGUAGE: A FASHION TREND OR THE DEMAND OF THE TIME?
Authors:   Kyiv National Linguistic University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Olefir H. , Deineko I. ,   Kyiv National Linguistic University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Deineko I. V. ,   Kyiv National Linguistic University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2019

It is an undeniable fact that the English language has become the most widely used, either as native, second national or especially a foreign one. Strong position of English in the globalization processes has led to massive imposition of Anglicisms over other languages, including the French language. French linguists are concerned about the English language domination; the actions are taken to protect the French identity. In particular, the Académie française analyses all the borrowings and provides recommendations regarding their use or substitution. The research topicality is proved by the need to study spread of Anglicisms in French, and to prevent the lexemes interference. The importance of research is evident as the Anglicisms are widely used in all fields of communication. The French language vocabulary reacts to the processes inside the society. French politicians and journalists are responsible for major promotion of Anglicisms – though they are expected to serve examples of literary French. The point is that Anglicisms are perceived as prestigious and fashionable, provoking interest to the notion. However, the Anglicisms are often used in order to sound snobbish which is unacceptable. Morevover, original French words are available. In some cases, the Académie française offers French replacements for the terms accepted worldwide. According to the UN estimation, 2/3 of the world population speaks English. International contacts pushed the process of the languages unification through the language economy. Of course, not all borrowings actually enrich the vocabulary, yet they provide the speakers with additional tools.
TeV gamma-ray radiation from Vela supernova remnant
Authors: Gnatyk R. , Vynokurova K.
Published: July 2019

Sources and mechanisms of acceleration of the cosmic rays (CR) – a stream of nuclei, electrons and, to a lesser extent, antiparticles with a nonthermal power law energy spectrum extending to energies above 1020 eV, are still unknown. Theoretical calculations and experimental data show that the diffusive acceleration of the CR at the shock wave fronts (first order Fermi mechanism) in Galactic sources, first of all in the Supernova remnants (SNR), may be responsible for the observed CR flux with energies up to E ≤ 1018 eV. In this case, the lepton component of the CR (electrons, positrons) is confidently manifested in the SNR due to synchrotron radiation in a turbulent magnetic field inside the SNR. At the same time, the proton and nuclear component is not effective in synchrotron emission under typical CR parameters and magnetic fields in the SNR. Its presence in the SNR can be revealed due to the hadron mechanism of gamma-ray generation – the decay of neutral pions generated by inelastic collisions of the CR with particles-targets – atoms of interstellar medium inside and in the vicinity of SNR. Now only a few SNRs with a detectable gamma-ray flux of a hadron origin are known, in which the interaction of SNR with molecular clouds is observed, which provides the necessary concentration of particles-targets for CR. In our work we calculate the expected fluxes of such gamma-radiation from the Vela SNR, one of the closest SNR to the Earth, which evolves in a cloudy interstellar medium and is a potential candidate for the hadron mechanism gamma-ray source. The possibility of detecting Vela SNR with modern (Magic, HAWC, H.E.S.S.) and future (CTA) gamma-ray detectors is analyzed. It is shown that the sensitivity of CTA will be sufficient to detect the gamma-radiation generated by the hadron mechanism. Also we analyzed the possibility of registration of localized sources of gamma-radiation within the Vela SNR due to the presence of high gas density clouds. The fluxes from the two most massive clouds within the Vela SNR are calculated and compared with the sensitivity of the modern and future gamma-ray detectors. It is shown that sufficient sensitivity to detect the most massive clouds within the SNR will have the CTA facility if the spectrum of the gamma-rays generated by the hadron mechanism is without cut-off on the energy 10 TeV.
En transición: Las primeras road movies del cine español (1975-1978)
Authors: García Ochoa Santiago
Published: July 2019

La road movie es un género muy ligado a la cultura norteamericana que surge a finales de los 60 y rápidamente se difunde por las cinematografías de todo el mundo. En el cine español su aparición no se produce hasta mediados de la década de los 70, coincidiendo con los primeros años de la transición a la democracia (1975-1978) y la ideologización de los géneros populares, debido al retraso industrial y de las infraestructuras, pero fundamentalmente por la inexistencia de una imagen de la carretera como espacio de búsqueda y de reafirmación individual. En este artículo se analizan las cuatro películas fundacionales del cine español on the road.
On the mN, M Relation for Eastern North American Earthquakes
Authors: Atkinson Gail M. , Boore David M.
Published: July 2019

A stochastic model of ground motion has been used as a basis for comparison of data and theoretically-predicted relations between mN (commonly denoted by mbLg) and moment magnitude for eastern North America (ENA) earthquakes. mN magnitudes are recomputed for several historical ENA earthquakes, to ensure consistency of definition and provide a meaningful data set. We show that by itself the magnitude relation cannot be used as a discriminant between two specific spectral scaling relations, one with constant stress and the other with stress increasing with seismic moment, that have been proposed for ENA earthquakes.
Attenuation of Seismic Waves in the New Madrid Seismic Zone
Authors: Al-Shukri Haydar , Mitchell Brian J. , Ghalib Hafidh A. A.
Published: July 2019

Average frequency-independent Q values have been determined for the upper crust in a 105 × 105 km region centered around the active portion of the New Madrid seismic zone using the spectral decay of P waves from local earthquakes. Q values generally increase with increasing path length, both inside and outside the active region, a result which suggests that Q increases with depth in the upper crust. Q values for paths which are largely confined to the active region are reduced by 1/2 to 1/3 compared to those values for paths outside the active region. The low Q values correlate spatially with regions of low seismic velocity found previously for the New Madrid region (Al-Shukri and Mitchell, 1988), and can be explained by a greater density of fluid-filled cracks in the seismically active region than in the surrounding regions.
A Model for Major Intraplate Continental Earthquakes
Authors: Long Leland Timothy
Published: July 2019

Traditional paradigms of continental seismicity assert the stationarity of the earthquake process and a causal association of earthquakes with active faults, increasing levels of stress, and crustal structures, in a framework of Plate Tectonics. I propose, instead, that the seismicity associated with a magnitude six or greater intraplate continental earthquake is a transient phenomenon responding to a perturbation in crustal strength independent of existing faults and crustal structures. Regional plate stress may still provide the driving energy, but the causative stress is released by a perturbation in crustal strength in the vicinity of a major earthquake. The timing of a major earthquake and the characteristics of the associated seismicity may then be described by a sequence of five phases which are as follows: (1) Initiation. A major intraplate continental earthquake is initiated with a disturbance in the hydraulic or thermal properties of the crust below the epicenter. Such disturbances could be induced by the intrusion of a sill or by partial melting. (2) Strength corrosion. A corrosion in crustal strength follows the upward migration of fluids or heat from the area of recent disturbance. (3) Stress concentration. As a weakened central zone deforms in response to tectonic plate stress, stresses are concentrated in the surrounding rigid crust. (4) Failure. A major earthquake occurs when the stress surrounding the weakened core exceeds the crustal strength, either because the concentrated stresses are anomalously high or because the dispersing fluids have spread beyond the core. (5) Crustal healing. The final phase in the occurrence of a major intraplate continental earthquake is an extended aftershock sequence which is concentrated along the rupture zone of the main event. The occurrence of a major intraplate earthquake as described above releases the strain energy in a perturbed area. Additional major events would be unlikely until the strength has recovered sufficiently to equalize intraplate stress and permit a repeat of the cycle.
Long-term Cyclicities in Earthquake Energy Release and Major River Flow Volumes in Virginia and Missouri Seismic Zones
Authors: Bollinger G. A. , Costain J. K.
Published: July 2019

We have investigated the time series for earthquake strain energy releases and flow volumes for the major rivers that bisect the regions of seismicity in Virginia (Giles County; central Virginia) and Missouri (New Madrid) seismic zones. Our procedure is to integrate with respect to time over data lengths up to 70 years duration and then to subtract a least squares straight-line fit. The resulting residual earthquake and flow volume time series and their spectral densities both exhibit dominant periods in the 20–30 year range.

These common cyclities lend support for an important role of water in intraplate seismogenesis. The fracture permeability of crystalline rocks, caused by a long history of compressional and extensional tectonic episodes, together with the driving potential supplied by long-term cyclical variations in streamflow, can result in the diffusion of fluid pressure transients to focal depths as deep as 20 km. At those depths there is also present a quasi-static, hydrolytic weakening effect of water on asperities present in the fault zones. This combination of mechanical and chemical effects can cause intraplate earthquakes in highly-stressed crustal volumes.
Hydroseismicity – A Viable Trigger Mechanism in the New Madrid Seismic Zone?
Authors: Ervin C. Patrick , El-Hussain Issa
Published: July 2019

A pressure wave, initiated by water loading and propagating downward through subsurface water contained in fractures, has been hypothesized as a mechanism for triggering earthquakes along pre-existing faults at depths up to 15–20 km. Such a triggering wave might evidence itself by a coincident wave of descending seismicity. In the New Madrid region, seismicity has been reported to correlate with river stage, but usually with a lag of one to several months. River stage data from New Madrid and earthquake data from the St. Louis University’s microseismic network were examined for evidence of a time-lag in seismic activity with depth during the interval from Jan. 1, 1978, to May 31, 1987. The earthquake data include only events for which computed depths were available. The earthquakes were sorted by focal depth into two subsets of 3 km and 4 km thick layers, respectively. Earthquake data, represented by both number of events and strain factor [energy release], and river stage data were averaged over monthly intervals. Cross correlations were computed between stage and each layer. In addition, the earthquake sequences for each layer were cross correlated with those of the next layer. No evidence for a seismicity wave was found.
A Student’s Guide to and Review of Moment Tensors
Authors: Jost M. L. , Herrmann R. B.
Published: July 2019

A review of a moment tensor for describing a general seismic point source is presented to show a second order moment tensor can be related to simpler seismic source descriptions such as centers of expansion and double couples. A review of literature is followed by detailed algebraic expansions of the moment tensor into isotropic and deviatoric components. Specific numerical examples are provided in the appendices for use in testing algorithms for moment tensor decomposition.
Preliminary Results From the November 25, 1988 Saguenay (QUEBEC) Earthquake
Authors: North Robert G. , Wetmiller Robert J. , Adams John , Anglin Frank M. , Hasegawa Henry S. , Lamontagne Maurice , Berger Reynald Du , Seeber Leonardo , Armbruster John
Published: July 2019

The November 25, 1988 Saguenay, Québec earthquake (mb 5.9) was preceded by a foreshock 62 hours earlier (mb 4.4) and followed by over 50 aftershocks, of which only two have been larger than magnitude 3. The unusually large 29 km depth of the main shock is well determined using a field network deployed after the foreshock. Nearly all of the aftershock activity is shallower than the main shock, suggesting that the rupture propagated upwards. The event produced unexpectedly large amounts of high frequency energy, as evidenced by the value of mbLg (6.5) and by high accelerations observed at distances ranging from 40 to 800 km. Focal mechanisms for the foreshock, main shock and largest aftershock indicate thrust faulting. The felt area exceeds 3.5 million km2 and closely approaches that of the 1925 Charlevoix earthquake. The location of the Saguenay event in a region with little historic seismicity, its depth, and its large high-frequency generation, pose several problems for existing models of seismic zoning and hazard assessment for Eastern North America.