bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Pyogenic Granuloma – A Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Singh P , Dhamija M , Dhamija P
Published: July 2019

The pyogenic granuloma is a localized tumour like overgrowth in the oral cavity caused by reaction to mild irritation. It is considered to be non-neoplastic in nature. Clinically, oral pyogenic granuloma is a smooth or lobulated exophytic lesion manifesting as small, red erythematous papules on a pedunculated or sometimes sessile base, which is usually haemorrhagic. Treatment of pyogenic granuloma consists of conservative surgical excision which is usually curative. There is a relatively high rate of recurrence (about 15%) after simple excision. This case report describes a recurrent intraoral pyogenic granuloma which was successfully treated with surgical excision and scaling teeth without any significant complications.
Cephalometric Analysis for Diagnosis and Treatment of Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Agrawal D
Published: July 2019

Cephalometric analysis for diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patients is essentially a measurement system designed to describe relationships between various parts of the skeletal, dental and soft tissue elements of craniofacial complex. As the linear and angular measurements vary between males and females and with the age, one of our objectives was to compare the statistical difference between males and females. The study was performed using sample size of 60 cephalometric radiographs of 30 males and 30 females. The samples were selected on the basis of class I dental relationship with clinically acceptable profile, no history of orthodontic treatment and of Jaipur (Rajasthan) population.
Povidone Iodine vs Tetracycline Fibers-To Analyse the Therapeutic Effect
Authors: Apoorva SM , Suchetha A , Sapna N , Garg A , Lakshmi P , Mundinamane DB
Published: July 2019

Aim

This study was designed to compare the efficacy of tetracycline fibres and povidone iodine when locally delivered to the moderately deep periodontal pocket.

Materials and methods

30 subjects were selected for the study and divided into two groups; Group I received Tetracycline fibers (Periodontal AB Plus), Group II received Povidone iodine local drug delivery. The Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were measured at baseline and at 3 months.

Results

The intragroup comparison between PPD, CAL and GI at baseline and 3 months showed a statistically significant difference in group I in relation to all parameters; in group II, the PPD and CAL did not show a statistically significant difference. The intergroup comparison of PPD and CAL at the end of 3 months, showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups, with tetracycline fibers giving superior results.

Conclusion

Tetracycline fibers were more efficacious in improving the periodontal health status when compared to Povidone Iodine.
Herbal Materials Used in Management of Oral Conditions in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Ngari FW , Wanjau RN , Njagi EN , Gikonyo NK
Published: July 2019

Aim

This study was carried out to document the medicinal plants used in management of oral health and diseases by traditional medical practitioners in Nairobi County, Kenya.

Methods

An ethnomedicinal survey was conducted using a standard questionnaire and informal discussion to collect information from traditional medical practitioners, traders and vendors of medicinal plants used in oral care practice.

Results

This study identified 35 species from 24 families, commonly used by the traditional medical practitioners in Nairobi to manage oral health and diseases in Nairobi County.

Conclusion

There are various plants that are used by traditional medical practitioners to manage oral diseases either singly or in combination.
Garlic: A Miraculous Herb for Oral Diseases – A Review
Authors: Yadav S , Ahuja A , Ahuja V
Published: July 2019

Garlic is a member of lily family that has been used worldwide as an incredible herb in the array of medicine. In Indian traditional medicine, garlic holds a special place and is used to cure variety of diseases. It has got the reputation of a powerful healing, antibacterial and antifungal agent. It has proved beneficial in treating systemic diseases like diabetes, hypertension etc in medicine. But it has got less importance in dentistry due to lack of clinical data assuring its safe usage in curing dental diseases. Drawback of garlic is its pungent odor which restricts its oral usage as an antibacterial agent, but now a days odor less garlic preparations are available which can be utilized in treating oral diseases. This review article throws a light on the clinical applications of garlic in the field of dentistry.
Implant Surface Modification and Osseointegration-Past, Present and Future
Authors: Kumar A , Kumar V , Goel M , Mehta R , Bhayana G , Wadhwa S
Published: July 2019

Biological fixation between the dental implant surfaces and jaw bones should be considered a prerequisite for the long-term success of implant-supported prostheses. The implant surface modifications gained an important and decisive place in implant research over the last years. Nowadays, a large number of implant types with a great variety of surface properties and other features are commercially available and have to be treated with caution. Although surface modifications have been shown to enhance osseointegration at early implantation times, for example, the clinician should look for research evidence before selecting a dental implant for a specific use.
Cheiloscopy – An Adjunct in Identification of Familial Lineage
Authors: Gupta R , Bala S , Narwal A , Hooda A
Published: July 2019

Objective

To study whether lip prints show genetic inheritance or not

Materials and methods

The cross sectional study was conducted on 30 families in different parts of North India (Haryana) with a minimum family size of 3 i.e. father, mother and atleast one child below the age of 25 years and irrespective of their gender. The ethical permission was taken from the institute and the head of locality also. All individuals were healthy and free from genetic diseases. The lip prints of each subject were taken on a bond paper and studied using a magnifying lens by using Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification.

Results

The most common lip print was found to be type I out of all samples. The chi-square test results showed that the relationship between the father's upper lip pattern and child's upper lip pattern in the first quadrant of the upper lip were statistically significant (at significance level of 5%). Further the Cramer's V (0.49) values obtained for the association also indicated a strong relationship between the upper lip patterns of father and child in the first quadrant. Similarly statistical analysis showed strong relationship between lip pattern of mother and child in lower lip i.e. third quadrant. Other quadrants did not show any significant association and relationship between child and parents.

Conclusion

The study shows that in fact lip prints do follow a hereditary pattern but they are individualistic, each possessing its own unique characteristics. Thus providing a promising tool for the biometric system and forensics and can replace the older methods for the same in future. Resemblance of lip patterns between parents and children to some extent inspite of being unique and individualistic throws an open area which can be explored for establishing paternity, being simple and inexpensive.
Evaluation of Oral Hygiene Status and Periodontal Health in Mentally Retarded Subjects with or without Down's Syndrome in Comparison with Normal Healthy Individuals
Authors: Krishnan CS , Archana A
Published: July 2019

AIM

The aim of the study was to assess the oral hygiene status and periodontal status of Mentally Retarded, Down's syndrome and normal subjects.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study was undertaken at OPPORTUNITY SCHOOL at Vepery, Chennai, India. 150 subjects were selected. Among them 100 were Mentally Retarted, 50 were Down's Syndrome subjects. 50 healthy normal subjects were selected (Students from Madha School, Chennai, India) for comparison. All were screened for oral hygiene and periodontal status by OHI-S and CPITN index. Statistical analyasis was done by Pearsson correlation coefficient.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

The results showed that the Mentally Retarded and Down's Syndrome subjects had decreased prevalence rate of periodontitis.
Influence of Delayed Pours of Addition Silicone Impressions on The Dimensional Accuracy of Casts
Authors: Kumar A , Mahesh G , Mehta R , Pande S , Wadhwa S , Dahiya A , Duggal N
Published: July 2019

Aims and objectives

To evaluate and compare the time dependent dimensional accuracy of polyvinyl siloxane impressions.

Materials and methods

A brass master die containing two identical posts simulating two complete crown tapered abutment preparation was served as a standardized master model. Impressions were made with polyvinyl siloxane materials (monophase and regular body) using a brass made custom tray. The impressions were poured at intervals of 75 min, 24 hours, 48 hours and 1 week, Interabutment and intraabutment distance were measured in the recovered stone dies using a profile projector with an accuracy of 0.001mm.

Results

Results of this study indicated that the casts made were dimensionally accurate and the polyvinyl siloxane silicones are dimensionally stable impressions for one week period.

Conclusion

Delayed pouring of the impressions at four different time periods did not significantly affect the accuracy of the casts produced.
Non Surgical Management of Large Periapical Lesions of Endodontic Origin: A Case Series
Authors: Gupta A , Goyal V , Bala S , Duhan J , Hans S
Published: July 2019

The success of root canal treatment is based on total elimination of root canal content, thorough cleaning, shaping and obturation of root canal system. Calcium hydroxide is recommended as intra-canal medicament because of its antibacterial properties, tissue dissolving ability, inhibition of tooth resorption and indication of tissue repair by hard tissue formation. The present case series highlights the use of calcium hydroxide as an inter appointment endodontic dressing for management of large periapical radiolucency and periodically reviewed. Thus the non surgical healing of large periapical lesions provided favourable clinical and radiographic response.
Reattachment of Fractured Tooth Fragment in Maxillary Anterior Teeth: An Esthetic Approach
Authors: Gautam A , Bele AD , Jain D
Published: July 2019

Fracture of anterior teeth is a very common form of dental injuries among children and young adolescents. Various treatment modalities have been practiced in past but reattachment of fractured fragment is considered to be most conservative, natural and esthetic approach. The restoration of natural teeth form, color and alignment in these patients create a positive social and emotional response in such patients. This article discusses a case of 16 year old female patient with fractured right central incisor(ellis class 3 fracture). Reattachment of fractured fragment was done after single sitting endodontic treatment with bonding system and dual cure composite resin cement. Evaluation at 1 year yields good reattachment, intact post, good esthetics and good periodontal health.
Trigeminal Neuralgia: The New Surgical Treatment Modalities
Authors: Sharma A , Kumar A , Kumar V , Goel M , Hooda A , Dahiya A
Published: July 2019

Trigeminal Neuralgia is a painful condition of the oro-facial structures. The diagnostic criteria are based upon the patient's history, examination and clinical evaluation. In the course of the disease patients experience dull, aching, throbbing or burning, constant pain in the same distribution as the paroxysms. A long interval between the attacks is often described as a period of increasing paresthesias in the nerve distribution. The trigger stimulus, applied to the “trigger zone”, often arouses intense pain in divisions beyond the one stimulated. Treatment involves the medicinal as well as surgical procedures. Medicinal therapy is usually first to start. With time patient became refractive to medicinal therapy. Under this condition, surgical treatment is recommended. This paper focus particularly on the surgical aspect of this painful condition.
Peri-Implantitis In Dental Implants: An Updated Review
Authors: Sharma V , Kumar A , Bhayana G , Dahiya A , Duggal N , Juneja A , Puri M
Published: July 2019

The use of dental implants has revolutionized the treatment of partially and fully edentulous patients today. While in many cases dental implants have been reported to achieve long-term success, these are also not immune from the complicationsincludingperi-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process which involves bone loss around osseointegrated implant in function. The etiology of the disease has been attributed to bacterial infections, occlusal overload, surgical trauma, faulty or incorrect prosthetic design and/ or improper implant placement. Diagnosis is based on changes in colour of the gingiva, bleeding and probing depth of peri-implant pockets, suppuration, x-ray and gradual loss of bone height around the tooth. Treatment modalities will differ depending upon whether it is a case of periimplantmucositis or periimplantitis, Therapeutic objectives focus on control of infection, detoxification of the implant surface and regeneration of the alveolar bone. This review article gives a brief description of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and various treatment options in the management of periimplant disease.
Management of Acquired Bilateral Masseteric Hypertrophy-A Case Report
Authors: Yadav S , Dhupar V , Dhupar A , Akkara F , Mittal HC
Published: July 2019

Masseter muscle hypertrophy is a rare condition of unknown cause, which is important due to growing cosmetic concern. A hypertrophied masseter may cause prominent mandibular angle, alter facial lines and characteristic square configuration of face, which may be unacceptable to the patient. Several treatment options reported for masseter hypertrophy, which range from conservative treatment options to invasive surgical procedure. The botulinum therapy offers good results but it's expensive and requires repeated injections with the chances of antibodies development. However, surgical treatment though invasive provides quick and permanent treatment for masseter muscle hypertrophy. The present case reports surgical management of young male patient with masseter hypertrophy due to cosmetic reasons.
Knowledge, Attitude And Behavior Towards Preventive Dentistry Among Health Care Students In Dhule City
Authors: Dodamani AS , Khairnar MR , Karibasappa GN , Naik RG , Deshmukh MA
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Dental student's knowledge, attitude and behavior towards prevention are important, since they have exceptionally important roles in influencing their patient's ability to take care of their teeth. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitude and behavior of health care professional students towards preventive dentistry in Dhule city.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A cross sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students of Dental, Medical, Pharmacy, Ayurvedic and Nursing faculty in Dhule city. A total of 299 students (93 dental students, 90 medical students, 54 ayurvedic students, 37 pharmacy students and 25 nursing students)were individually asked to complete apretested ques tionnaire. The questionnaire requested information on student's demographic and professional characteristics and their knowledge, attitude and behavior towards preventive dental care. Chi square test was used to analyzethe data.

RESULTS

The knowledge regarding preventive dentistry was highest among dental students (83% having good knowl edge) with Ayurvedic(BAMS) undergraduate students having least knowledge (59% showing poor knowledge). Attitude and behavior towards preventive dentistry was favorable among all health care professional students (66% showing good attitude and 60% showing favorable behavior).

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study have shown that the participants had conducive oral health behavior, sufficient knowledgeand positive attitude and had positive beliefs regarding dental treatment.
Reconstruction of Complex Buccolabial Defects: Feasibility of Local Flaps with respect to Cosmetic and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Priya SR , Dravid Chandrashekhar
Published: July 2019

Background

Complex defects resulting from resection of buccolabial cancers are generally reconstructed with pedicled flaps or with free flaps, often resulting in suboptimal cosmesis and function.

Materials and methods

A total of 11 patients with malignancies involving the oral commissure and lips were studied. Wide excision and reconstruction with local flaps was done. Posttreatment mouth opening, hair match, color match, vermilion match, resection margins, and disease control were documented.

Results

Average interlabial mouth opening was 3.6 cm and interincisor 3.3 cm. Good hair and color match was seen in all patients. Vermilion match was achieved in all but three patients. Resection margins were wide in all. All but one patient (distant metastases of malignant melanoma) were disease free at the last follow-up.

Conclusion

Local flaps provide good cover for complex buccolabial defects, without affecting disease clearance. In view of definite advantages over distant and free flaps, they should regain their place in the head and neck surgeon's armamentarium.

How to cite this article

Dravid C, Priya SR. Reconstruction of Complex Buccolabial Defects: Feasibility of Local Flaps with respect to Cosmetic and Functional Outcomes. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):155-160.
Clinicopathological Parameters and Locoregional Recurrence in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Irawati Nina , Hao Sheng-po
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To study the clinicopathological parameters associated with recurrence of oral squamous carcinoma and analyze the survival of patients managed in ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department between January 2008 and December 2013.

Materials and methods

Records of 178 cases were reviewed for clinical details, histopathological data, and follow-up status. Age, gender, addiction, subsite, T–N pathological staging, tumor thickness, margin status, grade of differentiation, lymphovascular permeation, perineural spread, and adjuvant therapy were analyzed.

Results

The recurrence rate was 13.5%. The median follow-up for the entire cohort was 20 months. Twenty-four patients had locoregional recurrence: 9 (37.5%) local recurrence alone, 11 (45%) regional recurrence alone, and 4 (17.5%) had both local and regional recurrence. The average time to recur in case of negative margin was 12.1 months, for close margin was 11.9 months, and with positive margin was 4.1 months. Looking at all patterns of recurrence, 4/98 (4%) of cases with negative margins, 15/65 (23%) cases with close margins, and 5/15 (33.3%) of those with positive margins recurred. Out of 24 cases of recurrence, 22 were sent for salvage surgery and others for salvage chemoradiation therapy. The Kaplan– Meier method and log-rank tests showed that the 2- and 5-years survival rates were significantly lower in the recurrence group compared with nonrecurrence group (78 vs 94%, 37 vs 66%, p < 0.001). Locoregional recurrence is strongly correlated with margin status according to univariate and multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Among all clinicopathological parameters, the status of the surgical margin is the most important prognosticator. Good local control is mandatory to ensure patient's survival. Adequate margins at initial resection for complete clearance without the need of revision should be pursued by every surgeon. Although it is in surgeon's control, the achievement can be limited by the aggressiveness of the disease.
Bronchogenic Cyst as a Rare Differential in an Adult Cervical Cystic Swelling
Authors: George Ajith J , Gaikwad Pranay
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital malformations of the ventral foregut development usually located in the mediastinum and intrapulmonary regions. Cervical bronchogenic cysts are unusual and have been reported predominantly in the pediatric age population, rarely in adults.

Materials and methods

We retrieved and analyzed medical records of all patients who were diagnosed to have bronchogenic cysts within the past 5 years who presented to the surgical departments of pediatric surgery, cardiothoracic, general surgery, ENT, and head and neck surgery.

Data

Thirty-three patients with bronchogenic cysts were identified, five of whom were children and only presented with a cyst in the neck. The details of the patient with cervical bronchogenic cyst are presented and discussed.

Conclusion

Bronchogenic cysts of the neck are rare differential diagnosis of neck masses in adults. The magnetic resonance imaging was found to be specific for diagnosis and preoperative assessment. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice, along with the prevention of future complications and establishment of diagnosis.

How to cite this article

George AJ, Gaikwad P. Bronchogenic Cyst as a Rare Differential in an Adult Cervical Cystic Swelling. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):175-177.
The Genetic Basis of Hearing Loss: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Jeyakumar Anita , Lentz Jennifer
Published: July 2019

Hearing loss (HL) is a common and complex condition that can occur at any age, be inherited or acquired, and is associated with a wide number of etiologies. HL is the most common sensory deficit in newborn children. In developed countries, genetic causes are considered the most frequent etiology of HL, and are estimated to account for 75% of the causes of HL. Current estimates suggest 1% of human genes (200–250 genes) are associated with genetic HL, and to date, more than 80 genes with over 1000 mutations and 140 loci have been identified associated with non-syndromic HL. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man reports more than 400 syndromes with HL. Syndromic and non-syndromic HL can be caused by different mutations within the same gene. Establishing the genetic cause of HL in prelingual children facilitates the medical course of action, rehabilitation choices and long term care in children. Patients with HL of undiagnosed etiology should be evaluated by a clinical geneticist and consider genetic testing as a part of their multidisciplinary evaluation.

How to cite this article

Jeyakumar A, Lentz J. The Genetic Basis of Hearing Loss: Recent Advances and Future Prospects. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):64-71.
Subglottic Stenosis: Current Concepts and Recent Advances
Authors: Derowe Ari , Wasserzug Oshri
Published: July 2019

Subglottic stenosis is considered one of the most complex and challenging aspects of pediatric otolaryngology, with the most common etiology being prolonged endotracheal intubation. The surgical treatment of SGS can be either endoscopic or open, but recent advances have pushed the limits of the endoscopic approach so that in practice an open laryngotracheal surgical approach is considered only after failed attempts with an endoscopic approach. In this review we discuss these advances, along with current concepts regarding the diagnosis and treatment of subglottic stenosis in children..

How to cite this article

Wasserzug O, DeRowe A. Subglottic Stenosis: Current Concepts and Recent Advances. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):97-103.
Cochlear Implants in Children: Recent Advances
Authors: Isaiah Amal , Lee Kenneth H
Published: July 2019

Cochlear implants (CIs) are the best-performing neural prostheses today. Clinical data have demonstrated that early implantation facilitates advancements in auditory, cognitive and developmental milestones, enabling children to succeed in mainstream schools. With recent improvements in engineering design, signal processing, as well as surgical and rehabilitation techniques, CIs have ushered in expanded candidacy criteria. This review aims to provide a critical evaluation of recent developments in CI strategies --specifically within the areas of implantation of malformed inner ears, outcomes following bilateral CIs, implantation for single-sided deafness and newer, adjuvant biological therapies to augment CI technology.

How to cite this article

Isaiah A, Lee KH. Cochlear Implants in Children: Recent Advances. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):115-119.
XY Female: Two Cases with Different Gonads presenting as Primary Amenorrhea
Authors: Bhat Badekai Poornima Ramachandra , Navada H Mahesha
Published: July 2019

Two 18-year-old female patients admitted to the hospital with the complaints of primary amenorrhea. The clinical examination and investigations revealed one of them as complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and the other Swyer syndrome. Bilateral gonadectomy was performed and hormone replacement therapy started for both the patients. These two conditions should be considered in the differential diagnosis in every adolescent female patient with delayed puberty and the importance of early gonadectomy should be stressed in order to avoid the risk of gonadal tumor development.

How to cite this article

Bhat BPR, Navada HM. XY Female: Two Cases with Different Gonads presenting as Primary Amenorrhea. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):23-25.
An Unusual Dermoid Cyst of the Neck presenting as Mass in the Lateral Neck
Authors: Pradeep PV , Matta Rekha
Published: July 2019

Cystic lesions in the neck are common. It is customary to classify them as those arising in the midline and those in the lateral neck. Dermoid cysts are present along the lines of embryonic fusion and hence said to be occurring due to an embryonic accident during the development. Most common locations in the neck are the lateral end of eyebrows and the floor of the mouth in the midline. We present a rare case of dermoid presenting as a mass in the lateral aspect of neck. Our case is unique since even though it was a dermoid cyst, the presentation of the mass was in the upper lateral neck which is very uncommon. A 28-year-old lady presented with a swelling at the junction of the upper one-third and lower two-third of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle. Intraoperatively, the cyst had extension from the lateral aspect of neck along the carotid sheath to the superior mediastinum. Dermoid cysts do present occasionally as lateral neck mass and must be kept in the differential diagnosis. Even though characteristic radiological and histopathological features make the diagnosis of dermoid cyst simple yet it may be difficult to diagnose, if present at unusual locations.

How to cite this article

Pradeep PV, Matta R. An Unusual Dermoid Cyst of the Neck presenting as Mass in the Lateral Neck. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):26-28.
Lateral approach to Thyroid: A Good Technique for Reoperative Thyroid Surgeryat
Authors: Dissanayake Duminda DMC , Fernando Ranil F , Dissanayake Iresha J
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Thyroidectomy is the commonest endocrine surgical procedure undertaken throughout the world. Redo thyroidectomies are challenging procedures with a higher morbidity rate. Lateral approach to thyroid (LATT) is a good alternative to the standard midline exploration. The key to the technique is the development of the natural tissue plane between the strap muscle and the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle to explore the thyroid bed. A study was carried out to assess the efficacy, safety, and complication of LATT.

Materials and methods

Data on patients undergoing LATT in professorial surgical unit, Ragama from 2008 to 2015, were collected prospectively and analyzed. All procedures were done by a single surgeon.

Results

A total of 36 LATTs were done. Data from 32 people were collected, as 4 patients lost follow-up; 29 (90.6%) were females and 3 (9.4%) were males. Their age ranges between 28 and 61 (median 43.37). Three (9.4%) LATTs for parathyroid explorations and out of it one (3.1%) for redo parathyroid explorations were done. Nine (28.1%) cases were redo thyroidectomies and 18 (56.2%) were done with mini incision with lateral approach. Hemithyroidectomies were performed on 28 (87.5%) patients. Bilateral explorations were done on three (9.4%) patients and four (12.5%) lateral approaches were done for completion thyroidectomies for follicular malignant lesions. Transient clinical hypocalcemia was noticed in four (12.5%) patients and one (3.1%) developed hoarseness of voice, which was temporary; and none of them had complications like hematoma and postsurgical stridor.

Conclusion

Lateral approach to thyroid is a safe alternative to the standard approach for reexplorative thyroid surgery.

How to cite this article

Dissanayake DDMC, Fernando RF, Dissanayake IJ. Lateral approach to Thyroid: A Good Technique for Reoperative Thyroid Surgery. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):141-142.
Enigma of Adenoma-carcinoma Sequence in Thyroid Gland: An Interesting Case Report of Multiple Pathologies with Literature Review
Authors: PRK Bhargav
Published: July 2019

Phenomenon of adenoma-carcinoma is well-known in gastrointestinal tract tumors (GIT), but evidence of such sequence in thyroid oncogenic phylogeny is inconsistent. Frequently mixed/hybrid pathologies can occur in the same thyroid gland. We report an interesting case of such mixed tumors with inherent oncological sequence to discuss this issue in thyroid gland.

How to cite this article

Bhargav PRK. Enigma of Adenomacarcinoma Sequence in Thyroid Gland: An Interesting Case Report of Multiple Pathologies with Literature Review. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):172-174.
Broken Eggshell Sign: A Marker of Aggressive Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Chandramohan Anuradha , Abraham Deepak Thomas , Paul MJ , Sekar Suganya
Published: July 2019

Broken eggshell calcification on CT scan of the neck represents malignant transformation of a longstanding benign thyroid nodule. It usually implies aggressive cancer and poor prognosis. The presence of a soft tissue component on the scan increases the sensitivity and specificity of the sign. We report three cased with the representative CT images to illustrate the sign.

How to cite this article

Sekar S, Chandramohan A, Ramakant P, Abraham DT, Paul MJ. Broken Eggshell Sign: A Marker of Aggressive Thyroid Cancer. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2): 183-184.
A Case Report of Giant Tonsillolith
Authors: Smitha SG , Maruthi Nirmala
Published: July 2019

Tonsilloliths, also known as tonsil stones or tonsillar calculi, are clusters of calcified material that form in the crypts of palatine tonsils. They are usually of small size. Large or giant tonsilloliths are rare. We report a case of giant tonsillolith in the right palatine tonsil and literature is reviewed.

How to cite this article

Gangaraj SS, Maruthi N. A Case Report of Giant Tonsillolith. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):100-101.
Aggressive Metastasizing Pleomorphic Adenoma— A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Chinoy RF , Dalmia D , Mundhe RS , DeSouza MA , Rane V
Published: July 2019

Metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma (MPA) is a rarity, and detailed immunohistochemistry (IHC) work-up is being documented in this case. Most cases present with metastasis after a period of several years, ranging from 1.5 to 51 years. The present case deals with a morphologically and immunologically benign pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid, behaving in a paradoxically aggressive fashion at the local site, at the time of initial diagnosis. Regional nodal metastasis and significant local perineural and intraneural infiltration were identified at presentation. In view of the strong tumor neural affinity, the differential diagnosis included an atypical tubular form of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). However, ACC was ruled out on morphology and by IHC. Literature is reviewed and the varied spectrum of reported cases is briefly put forth.

How to cite this article

Chinoy RF, Dalmia D, Mundhe RS, DeSouza MA, Rane V. Aggressive Metastasizing Pleomorphic Adenoma—A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: A Case Report with Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):115-119.
Chronic Tonsillitis: A Recent Histopathological Study
Authors: Nasr Wail Fayez , Sorour Samir S , Mobasher Mohammed K , Aziz Hesham R Abd El
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of tonsillomycosis in chronic tonsillitis on histopathological basis post-tonsillectomy in children.

Study design

Cohort study.

Level of evidence

Level II.

Setting

Ter tiary University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology.

Materials and methods

This study included 75 cases of children suffering from chronic tonsillitis (43 females and 32 males). On assessment of the clinical condition of the children with history taking, clinical examination, and preoperative investigation, post-tonsillectomy tonsils are placed in a separate container in 10% formol saline, and then are sent for histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid–Schiff (PAC).

Results

The obtained result had 31.3% of tonsils (47/150) with histopathological evidence of fungal invasion of tonsillar tissue with immune reaction and the presence of chronic inflammatory cells. After statistical analysis of the collected crude data, we found that results have come in accordance with previous studies.

Conclusion

Tonsillomycosis is a cause of chronic tonsillitis. Haphazard use of antibiotics and dental caries has a significant predisposing role in tonsillomycosis. Neutropenia can be considered as an indicator for tonsillomycosis. It is considerable in hypertrophic tonsils.

How to cite this article

Nasr WF, Sorour SS, Mobasher MK, Abd El Aziz HR. Chronic Tonsillitis: A Recent Histopathological Study. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):1-5.
Comparison of Outpatient Harmonic Scalpel Tonsillectomy and Traditional Tonsillectomy in Sleep Disordered Breathing
Authors: Chanvimalueng Waipoj
Published: July 2019

In this prospective study of 43 patients, 20 patients were operated by the outpatient harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy. The outpatient harmonic scalpel technique was performed by local injection with 2% Xylocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline solution around palatine tonsils and using harmonic scalpel for dissecting tissue at superior pole until inferior pole of tonsil. Harmonic scalpel will cut and stop bleeding simultaneously and then, using plain catgut 3-0 ligation at the inferior pole of tonsil stops bleeding from tonsil branch of facial artery. All of the patients were followed up for 1 and 3 weeks postoperatively; 19 of 20 (95%) patients who were operated by the outpatient harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy felt satisfied and in one case, the patients wound healing delayed for 3 weeks. All patients were discharged on the day of admission with no major complication. Twenty-three patients were operated by the traditional tonsillectomy as an inpatient. Twenty of 23 (87%) patients were satisfied and in three cases, the patients had delayed wound healing for 3 weeks. The results of the study conclude that the outpatient harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy is satisfactory and medical treatment cost also is cheaper than the traditional tonsillectomy for the majority of patients.

How to cite this article

Chanvimalueng W. Comparison of Outpatient Harmonic Scalpel Tonsillectomy and Traditional Tonsillectomy in Sleep Disordered Breathing. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):18-21
A Comparative Study to verify the Efficacy of Preoperative Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Control of Tonsillectomy Bleeding
Authors: Prashanth KB , Abhilash S
Published: July 2019

Objectives

This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the drug tranexamic acid administered preoperatively in controlling the bleeding during tonsillectomy intraoperatively.

Materials and methods

A total of 50 patients who underwent tonsillectomy were randomized into two groups. Group I (study group): Intravenous tranexamic acid was given with dose of 10 mg/kg. Group II (control group): Tranexamic acid injection was not given. Intraoperative amount of bleeding was assessed in each case.

Results

The study group had significant reduction in bleeding and the p-value was <0.05, which was statistically significant, when compared to control group. There were no side effects of the drug observed.

Conclusion

Single intravenous dose of tranexamic acid at a dose of 10 mg/kg preoperatively is effective in control of tonsillectomy bleeding.

How to cite this article

Santosh UP, Prashanth KB, Abhilash S. A Comparative Study to verify the Efficacy of Preoperative Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Control of Tonsillectomy Bleeding. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):22-25.
Modified Sistrunk Procedure: A Novel Method of Hyoid Resection using Skin Punches in Subhyoid Thyroglossal Cysts
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Kumar BL Yatish , Ravishankara S , Shashikumar T , Deekshith RM
Published: July 2019

Background/objectives

Managing thyroglossal duct cyst requires surgical excision of the cyst with its tract through the tongue base. Incomplete removal results in cyst recurrence, the common complications of incompletely performed Sistrunk procedure. The Modified Sistrunk procedure using skin punches increases the easiness of surgery and chances of complete removal of the tract.

Materials and methods

Resection of the middle body of the hyoid was done by coring out the nonossified bone with 4.5 mm skin punches under 3.5× loupes and the tract above till the base.

Results

A total of 14 primary cases were operated by this slight modification, and no recurrences were seen on 1 year of follow-up.

Conclusion

Sistrunk operation is the treatment of choice for primary thyroglossal cysts. Modified Sistrunk operation using skin punches results in easy and precise coring of the hyoid bone with the tract attached to it. Secondary cysts should be treated with removal of core of tongue base muscle and foramen cecum mucosa along with hyoid and scarred cyst excision.

How to cite this article

Naik SM, Kumar BLY, Ravishankara S, Shashikumar T, Deekshith RM. Modified Sistrunk Procedure: A Novel Method of Hyoid Resection using Skin Punches in Subhyoid Thyroglossal Cysts. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):97-100.
Cysticercosis Cellulosae of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
Authors: Gupta Manish , Gupta Nidhi
Published: July 2019

Cysticercosis is an infection caused by the larval form of the pork tapewormTaenia solium. We present a rare case of a 25-year-old adult presenting with neck swelling in the upper part of neck appearing to arise from sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. A definitive diagnosis could not be established on the basis of computed tomography and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The patient was taken up for incision biopsy, which confirmed cysticercosis. The case is reported to reinforce the fact that parasitic etiology should be kept in mind while dealing with a case of neck swelling.

How to cite this article

Gupta N, Gupta M. Cysticercosis Cellulosae of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):113-115.
Primary Pleomorphic Adenoma of Minor Salivary Gland in the Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Joshi Ankita , Ray Chinmaya Sundar
Published: July 2019

Parapharyngeal space (PPS) lesions account for only 0.5% head and neck tumors and the majority of the minor salivary gland tumors are malignant. We report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary gland in PPS as this is of a very rare occurrence. High index of suspicion and an adequate clearance of the tumor with a cuff of surrounding dispensable normal tissues are the key to successful treatment of such tumors.

How to cite this article

Ray CS, Joshi A. Primary Pleomorphic Adenoma of Minor Salivary Gland in the Parapharyngeal Space. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):125-127.
Patient with Huge Upper Esophageal Hemangioma
Authors: Geller Alex , Shvero Jacob , Alkan Uri
Published: July 2019

Background

Cervical esophageal hemangioma is a rare benign tumor. Symptoms may include hematemesis, dyspnea, cough, dysphagia, and chest pain.

Objectives

To describe a case of a large esophageal hemangioma in order to raise awareness of the condition and highlight the use of a cooperative endoscopic treatment approach by a gastroenterologist and otolaryngologist with excellent results. The literature on large esophageal hemangioma is reviewed.

Materials and methods

An otherwise healthy male presented with a huge hemangioma of the upper esophagus. Imaging showed the mass hanging on a narrow stalk attached to the posterior wall of the cricopharyngeus muscle, filling the lumen of the cervical and mediastinal esophagus. Resection was accomplished with a combination of flexible gastroscopy and microscope-assisted rigid direct laryngoscopy.

Results

Pathologic evaluation showed a polypoid mass covered with squamous epithelium, with multiple engorged blood vessels. Some of the vessels were wide, surrounded by a thin wall, and others were narrow with a thick wall. The histology was compatible with arteriovenous hemangioma. There was no evidence of malignancy. At the 7-month postoperative follow-up, the patient appeared well, with no dyspnea or dysphagia. Our literature search yielded only two published cases of a huge hemangioma of the upper esophagus, which were treated by open resection. Ours is the first report of the use of endoscopic excision.

Conclusion

Large esophageal hemangioma should be part of the differential diagnosis of dyspnea, dysphagia, persistent cough, or chest pain. A combined approach by a gastroenterologist and otolaryngologist, working cooperatively, can facilitate the correct diagnosis and provide optimum treatment.

How to cite this article

Alkan U, Geller A, Shvero J. Patient with Huge Upper Esophageal Hemangioma. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):25-27.
Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor: Atypical Presentation
Authors: Khurana Nita , Rai Varun
Published: July 2019

Neuroendocrine tumors of the larynx are the most common nonepidermoid tumors of the larynx and comprise less than 1% of the laryngeal tumors. Most of the symptoms and presentation mimic a usual laryngeal malignancy making the diagnosis difficult.

How to cite this article

Rai V, Malhotra V, Kumar N, Khurana N. Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor: Atypical Presentation. Int Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):32-34.
Improvements in the Occurrence, Management, and Outcomes of Postpartum Hemorrhage at a Teaching Hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Goonewardene Malik , Chetiyawardene Imali , de Silva Kalinga Sasika , Wickramasooriya Jayamini , Amarasinghe Yamuna
Published: July 2019

SYNOPSIS

Using international and national standards and indicators, criteria based continuous clinical audits demonstrate that in-service training has reduced the occurrence of postpartum haemorrhage and improved its management and outcomes in a Teaching Hospital in Sri Lanka.
Predictors of Mortality of Critically Ill Gynecological Patients
Authors: Qureshi Rahat , Ahmed Sheikh Irfan , Raza Amir , Amerjee Azra
Published: July 2019

Background

Gynecological patients with serious underlying morbidities require admission into intensive care units (ICUs) albeit being few in numbers.

Objectives

To review gynecological cases with non-pregnancyrelated illness, admitted to ICU with respect to diagnosis, associated risk factors, intervention required, aspects of management, and rate of mortality.

Materials and methods

Retrospective record view of gynecological patients admitted in the ICU from 2005 to 2014.

Setting

Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.

Findings

Twenty-six patients were admitted with complications secondary to gynecological indications. The most common reason was pulmonary edema (26.9%); sepsis was documented in 23.1% of all patients. Hemorrhagic shock was found in 11.5% gynecological ICU admissions, cardiogenic shock in 15.4%, and renal failure in 7.7%. Fourteen critically ill women with gynecological cancer were admitted to the ICU (ovarian cancer, n = 8; cervical cancer, n = 1; and endometrial cancer, n = 5). The overall mortality of gynecological patients was 26.92%. The most common interventions were mechanical ventilation (96%) followed by arterial line insertion (88%) and central line insertion (85%).

Conclusion

Critically ill gynecological patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, central hemodynamic monitoring, and invasive arterial pressure monitoring should be admitted to an intensive care unit.

How to cite this article

Qureshi R, Ahmed SI, Raza A, Amerjee A. Predictors of Mortality of Critically Ill Gynecological Patients. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):96-100.
To Study Association between upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Body Mass Index in First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Gautam Ashish , Nigam Asha , Rani Ruchi
Published: July 2019

Aims

To study the association between upper gastrointestinal symptoms and body mass index (BMI) in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Objectives

To determine common upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms among women during their first trimester and to determine any association with the maternal BMI for their occurrence.

Materials and methods

Three hundred and forty-eight pregnant females during their first trimester who visited the outpatient department or causality were evaluated for their upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Their weight, height, and obstetric history were noted. Patients were evaluated for the presence of epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, acid regurgitation, heart burn, early satiety, and loss of appetite after conception. Patients were grouped into three categories: Group A, with low BMI (< 20 kg/m2); group B, with average BMI (20—22.9 kg/m2); and group C, with high BMI (> 22.9 kg/m2). Symptoms were correlated with BMI.

Results

Patient were divided as follows: 26.6% (n = 92) were in group A, 53.6% (n = 185) were in group B, and 20.5% (n = 71) were in group C. In group A, 56 (60.8%) out of 92 developed new gastrointestinal symptoms and 51 out of 56 developed vomiting. In group B, 77 (41.6%) out of 185 developed new gastrointestinal symptoms and 40 out of 77 developed vomiting. In group C, 45 (63.3%) out of 71 developed new gastrointestinal symptoms and 29 out of 45 developed vomiting. Group A women are more prone to developing upper gastrointestinal symptoms than group B women, p-value being 0.003245 (< 0.05). Group C patients were more prone to developing upper gastrointestinal symptoms than group B patients. There is no statistical difference between groups A and C, p-value being 0.870 (> 0.05).

Statistical analysis used

Chi-square test.

Conclusion

Both high and low BMI are associated with more risk of development of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Key message: Weight management prior to conception can reduce upper gastrointestinal symptoms during the first trimester.

Key message

Weight management prior to conception can reduce upper gastrointestinal symptoms during the first trimester.

How to cite this article

Gautam A, Nigam A, Agrawal P, Rani R. To Study Association between upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Body Mass Index in First Trimester of Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):127-129.
Mode of Delivery for Peripartum Dengue (Critical Phase): Two Case Reports
Authors: Ramly Fathi , Suhaila Salini , Gugan Sundar , Rahman Aza Miranda Abd
Published: July 2019

Background

Dengue is an important notifiable disease in tropical countries. Widespread capillary leakage poses big challenges in managing obstetrics population affected by dengue. Managing delivery during peripartum especially at a critical dengue phase is scarcely reported. We reported two peripartum dengue cases with two different modes of delivery.

Conclusion

Dengue in peripartum period is best managed by multidisciplinary input, particularly infectious disease experts and close monitoring involving ICU. Both modes of delivery are possible given that strict monitoring and mother optimization are put at prime.

How to cite this article

Ramly F, Suhaila S, Gugan S, Rahman AMA. Mode of Delivery for Peripartum Dengue (Critical Phase): Two Case Reports. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):163-165.