bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empowering Digital Democracy
Authors: Fischli Roberta , Muldoon James
Published: March 2024

This article examines the role of digital technology in enabling and enhancing democratic practices and forms of governance. It contributes to emerging debates on democratic innovations by proposing a novel theoretical account of decentralized participatory democracy. To develop our account, we draw on the experience of two EU-funded projects, D-CENT and DECODE, which produced innovative citizen participation platforms and digital public infrastructure. Bringing democratic theory into conversation with critical data studies and the new municipalism movement, we theorize how these projects advanced three political aims: organizing political communities to build collective power, empowering citizens through direct participation in decision making, and transforming political institutions. The article then analyzes the strengths and limitations of these projects to draw lessons for policy makers and practitioners for future digital democratic experiments.
A call for a fundamental shift from model-centric to data-centric approaches in hydroinformatics
Authors: Zolghadr-Asli Babak , Ferdowsi Ahmad , Savić Dragan
Published: March 2024

Over the years, data-driven models have gained notable traction in water and environmental engineering. The adoption of these cutting-edge frameworks is still in progress in the grand scheme of things, yet for the most part, such attempts have been centered around the models themselves, and their internal computational architecture, that is, the model-centric approach. These endeavors can certainly pave the way for more tailor-fitted models capable of producing accurate results. However, such a perspective often neglects a fundamental assumption of these models, which is the importance of reliability, correctness, and accessibility of the data used in constructing them. This challenge arises from the prevalent model-centric paradigm of thinking in the field. An alternative approach, however, would prioritize placing data at the focal point, focusing on systematically enhancing current datasets and devising frameworks to improve data collection schemes. This suggests a paradigm shift toward more data-centric thinking in water and environmental engineering. Practically, this shift is not without challenges and necessitates smarter data collection rather than an excessive one. Equally important is the ethical and accurate collection of data, making it available to everyone while safeguarding the rights of individuals and other legal entities involved in the process.
A Reliability Generalization of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural
Authors: Acar Selcuk , Lee Lindsay Ellis , Scherer Ronny
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (TTCT-F) is a well-known measure of creativity, yet its reliability evidence is hardly reported. In this meta-analysis, we provide such evidence by performing parameter-based meta-analytic structural equation modeling on empirical studies that reported the correlations among the TTCT-F indices. Examining the factor structure of the TTCT-F showed that a two-factor structure (Innovative and Adaptive) fitted the primary study data better than a previously assumed single-factor structure. We conducted a reliability generalization study with a sample of 44 correlation matrices from 38 studies ( N = 13,108). We obtained McDonald’s Omega coefficients for the two factors and the composite reliability. Our analyses indicated that the composite reliability was acceptable (ω = .81). Furthermore, we found higher reliability coefficients for the Innovative (INNOV) factor (ω = .85) as compared to the Adaptive (ADAPT) factor (ω = .62). Moderator analyses showed that reliability estimates for the INNOV factor were higher with Form A and when there is evidence of discriminant evidence violation. Between the two forms, Form A had higher reliability estimates than Form B. Our findings suggest that composite scores and INNOV scores are more precise than the ADAPT factor scores, supporting their use in research and practical settings.
Investigating Convective Processes Underlying ENSO: New Insights Into the Fixed Anvil Temperature Hypothesis
Authors: Takahashi Hanii , Luo Zhengzhao Johnny , Masunaga Hirohiko , Storer Rachel , Noda Akira T.
Published: March 2024

Interannual variations provide insight into the sensitivity of convective processes. Thus, CloudSat and ERA5 are used to explore the relationship among convective cores, outflows and environmental conditions during El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles. Results reveal greater upper‐tropospheric stability during El Niño, resulting in a lower level of neutral buoyancy compared to La Niña. However, outflow levels remain relatively consistent across ENSO cycles. This suggests that, despite less favorable conditions for deep convection during El Niño, stronger convective intensity is required to achieve outflow levels comparable to those in La Niña. Indeed, our results suggest that convection observed during El Niño tends to have broader cores and lower entrainment rates, translating to greater intensity compared to La Niña. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both large‐scale and convective‐scale processes, providing an update to the fixed anvil temperature (FAT) and the proportionately higher anvil temperature (PHAT) hypotheses as originally proposed.
Effect of Long‐Range Transported Fire Aerosols on Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentrations and Cloud Properties at High Latitudes
Authors: Kommula S. M. , Buchholz A. , Gramlich Y. , Mielonen T. , Hao L. , Pullinen I. , Vettikkat L. , Ylisirniö A. , Joutsensaari J. , Schobesberger S. , Tiitta P. , Leskinen A. , Rees D. Hesslin‐ , Haslett S. L. , Siegel K. , Lunder C. , Zieger P. , Krejci R. , Romakkaniemi S. , Mohr C. , Virtanen A.
Published: March 2024

Active vegetation fires in south‐eastern (SE) Europe resulted in a notable increase in the number concentration of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) particles at two high latitude locations—the SMEAR IV station in Kuopio, Finland, and the Zeppelin Observatory in Svalbard, high Arctic. During the fire episode aerosol hygroscopicity κ slightly increased at SMEAR IV and at the Zeppelin Observatory κ decreased. Despite increased κ in high CCN conditions at SMEAR IV, the aerosol activation diameter increased due to the decreased supersaturation with an increase in aerosol loading. In addition, at SMEAR IV during the fire episode, in situ measured cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) increased by a factor of ∼7 as compared to non‐fire periods which was in good agreement with the satellite observations (MODIS, Terra). Results from this study show the importance of SE European fires for cloud properties and radiative forcing in high latitudes.
Evaluating Ice Phase Microphysics in the Simulation of a Snowstorm Over Northern China
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ouyang Xiaoran , Wang Minghuai , Rosenfeld Daniel , Zhao Delong , Wu Xuexu
Published: March 2024

The complexity of ice particles in the atmosphere makes it difficult to model microphysical growth processes accurately. In this study, we simulated a snowfall case over Northern China Plain using two different microphysics schemes, that is, Thompson and Morrison schemes, in the Advanced Research WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model. Both schemes are able to reproduce the event, albeit with a slightly weaker precipitation compared with the surface observation. However, the radar reflectivity factor in Morrison simulation is higher than the radar observation to ∼10 dBZ. Further analysis reveals that such stronger radar reflectivity in the Morrison simulation might be caused by larger collection efficiency, which would lead to more active self‐aggregation process in prediction of snow number concentration and then larger snow particle size. Sensitivity tests show that using an alternative formula of collection efficiency produces smaller radar reflectivity that is in better agreement with observations. This study highlights the accurate representation of self‐aggregation process and underscores the needs of further improvement of ice microphysics schemes for the better snowfall simulations.
Can Topographic Effects on Solar Radiation Be Ignored: Evidence From the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xian Yuyang , Wang Tianxing , Leng Wanchun , Letu Husi , Shi Jiancheng , Wang Gaofeng , Yan Xuewei , Yuan Hongyin
Published: March 2024

The effect of topography on shortwave downward radiation (SWDR) is interest in the geoscience. However, such effects are rarely quantiatively and systematically evalulated, especially over the Tibetan Plateau region. With the geostationaly satellite measurements and topographic radiation model, this study reveals a heightened significance of topography on SWDR with increasing slope. Particularly in abrupt terrain (slopes >15°) the impact becomes pronounced, wherein the topographic radiative forcing (TRF) contributes 9.5% of the annual‐average SWDR. And the ratio of TRF to SWDR reaches a peak during winter, exceeding 150%. In annual‐average scales, the SWDR is 169 ± 38.4 W/m2 and the corresponding TRF is 16.2 ± 22.6 W/m2. Seasonal variations manifest on northern and southern slopes, with the sourthern slopes significant in summer, while the northern ones significant in winter. Notably, topographic effects persist across spatial scales and remain evident at 5 km resolution, emphasizing the necessity of considering topography in SWDR product utilization.
USP3 promotes osteosarcoma progression via deubiquitinating EPHA2 and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Li Anan , Wang Shijiang , Nie Jiangbo , Xiao Shining , Xie Xinsheng , Zhang Yu , Tong Weilai , Yao Geliang , Liu Ning , Dan Fan , Shu Zhiguo , Liu Jiaming , Liu Zhili , Yang Feng
Published: March 2024

Ubiquitin-specific protease 3 (USP3) plays an important role in the progression of various tumors. However, the role of USP3 in osteosarcoma (OS) remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the biological function of USP3 in OS and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that OS had higher USP3 expression compared with that of normal bone tissue, and high expression of USP3 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with OS. Overexpression of USP3 significantly increased OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, USP3 led to the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in OS by binding to EPHA2 and then reducing its protein degradation. Notably, the truncation mutant USP3-F2 (159–520) interacted with EPHA2, and amino acid 203 was found to play an important role in this process. And knockdown of EPHA2 expression reversed the pro-tumour effects of USP3-upregulating. Thus, our study indicates the USP3/EPHA2 axis may be a novel potential target for OS treatment.
Design of functional soft interfaces with precise control of the polymer architecture
Authors: Masuda Tsukuru
Published: March 2024

Soft interfaces formed by polymer materials are important interfaces for biological systems (biointerfaces), and controlling their chemical and physical structures at the nanoscale plays an important role in understanding the mechanism and development of interface functionalities. Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) is highly suited for designing biointerfaces composed of polymer chains because it enables the formation of well-defined polymer brushes, block copolymers, and comb-type copolymers. This focus review describes the design of functional soft interfaces based on investigations of the structure-property relationships of CRPs. In particular, polymer brush surfaces showing autonomous property changes, 2D/3D transformations of lipid bilayers, and molecular interactions in bactericidal cationic polymer brushes are depicted.
A versatile single-photon-based quantum computing platform
Authors: Maring Nicolas , Fyrillas Andreas , Pont Mathias , Ivanov Edouard , Stepanov Petr , Margaria Nico , Hease William , Pishchagin Anton , Lemaître Aristide , Sagnes Isabelle , Au Thi Huong , Boissier Sébastien , Bertasi Eric , Baert Aurélien , Valdivia Mario , Billard Marie , Acar Ozan , Brieussel Alexandre , Mezher Rawad , Wein Stephen C. , Salavrakos Alexia , Sinnott Patrick , Fioretto Dario A. , Emeriau Pierre-Emmanuel , Belabas Nadia , Mansfield Shane , Senellart Pascale , Senellart Jean , Somaschi Niccolo
Published: March 2024

Quantum computing aims at exploiting quantum phenomena to efficiently perform computations that are unfeasible even for the most powerful classical supercomputers. Among the promising technological approaches, photonic quantum computing offers the advantages of low decoherence, information processing with modest cryogenic requirements, and native integration with classical and quantum networks. So far, quantum computing demonstrations with light have implemented specific tasks with specialized hardware, notably Gaussian boson sampling, which permits the quantum computational advantage to be realized. Here we report a cloud-accessible versatile quantum computing prototype based on single photons. The device comprises a high-efficiency quantum-dot single-photon source feeding a universal linear optical network on a reconfigurable chip for which hardware errors are compensated by a machine-learned transpilation process. Our full software stack allows remote control of the device to perform computations via logic gates or direct photonic operations. For gate-based computation, we benchmark one-, two- and three-qubit gates with state-of-the art fidelities of 99.6 ± 0.1%, 93.8 ± 0.6% and 86 ± 1.2%, respectively. We also implement a variational quantum eigensolver, which we use to calculate the energy levels of the hydrogen molecule with chemical accuracy. For photon native computation, we implement a classifier algorithm using a three-photon-based quantum neural network and report a six-photon boson sampling demonstration on a universal reconfigurable integrated circuit. Finally, we report on a heralded three-photon entanglement generation, a key milestone toward measurement-based quantum computing.
A precision functional atlas of personalized network topography and probabilities
Authors: Hermosillo Robert J. M. , Moore Lucille A. , Feczko Eric , Miranda-Domínguez Óscar , Pines Adam , Dworetsky Ally , Conan Gregory , Mooney Michael A. , Randolph Anita , Graham Alice , Adeyemo Babatunde , Earl Eric , Perrone Anders , Carrasco Cristian Morales , Uriarte-Lopez Johnny , Snider Kathy , Doyle Olivia , Cordova Michaela , Koirala Sanju , Grimsrud Gracie J. , Byington Nora , Nelson Steven M. , Gratton Caterina , Petersen Steven , Feldstein Ewing Sarah W. , Nagel Bonnie J. , Dosenbach Nico U. F. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Fair Damien A.
Published: March 2024

Although the general location of functional neural networks is similar across individuals, there is vast person-to-person topographic variability. To capture this, we implemented precision brain mapping functional magnetic resonance imaging methods to establish an open-source, method-flexible set of precision functional network atlases—the Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB) Precision Brain Atlas. This atlas is an evolving resource comprising 53,273 individual-specific network maps, from more than 9,900 individuals, across ages and cohorts, including the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, the Developmental Human Connectome Project and others. We also generated probabilistic network maps across multiple ages and integration zones (using a new overlapping mapping technique, Overlapping MultiNetwork Imaging). Using regions of high network invariance improved the reproducibility of executive function statistical maps in brain-wide associations compared to group average-based parcellations. Finally, we provide a potential use case for probabilistic maps for targeted neuromodulation. The atlas is expandable to alternative datasets with an online interface encouraging the scientific community to explore and contribute to understanding the human brain function more precisely.
Experiments on hydraulic jumps over uneven bed for turbulent flow modelling validation in river flow and hydraulic structures
Authors: Cantero-Chinchilla Francisco Nicolás , Castro-Orgaz Oscar , Ali Sk Zeeshan , Dey Subhasish
Published: March 2024

This study presents a comprehensive dataset comprising multiple data packages derived from laboratory experiments on steady and unsteady hydraulic jumps interacting with a large-scale Gaussian-shaped bed obstacle in an open-channel flume. The primary objective was to accurately measure the impact of hydraulic jump on the free surface and the bed pressure along the obstacle, ensuring the transferability of the results. A multi-process method was followed: designed experiments were recorded, images were postprocessed, and water level data were digitalized. For steady conditions, the bed pressure along the obstacle were measured by piezometers. The repository data are organized and provided in a single package, supplemented by a second package containing panoramas for each experimental time instant and graphical representations of the data, facilitating rapid evaluation of the outcomes. This study provides versatile data that can be utilized in various ways, particularly for fluvial model validation and studying turbulence-driven phenomena in open-channel flows. The detailed methodology presented herein can contribute to the advancement of enhanced laboratory techniques to study similar flow problems.
Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of probiotic conditioned medium on murine macrophages
Authors: Al-Najjar Mohammad A. A. , Abdulrazzaq Shaymaa B. , Alzaghari Lujain F. , Mahmod Asma Ismail , Omar Amin , Hasen Eliza , Athamneh Tamara , Talib Wamidh H. , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Barakat Muna
Published: March 2024

Probiotics are a mixture of beneficial live bacteria and/or yeasts that naturally exist in our bodies. Recently, numerous studies have focused on the immunostimulatory effects of single-species or killed multi-species probiotic conditioned mediums on macrophages. This study investigates the immunostimulatory effect of commercially available active, multi-species probiotic conditioned medium (CM) on RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The probiotic CM was prepared by culturing the commercially available probiotic in a cell-culture medium overnight at 37 °C, followed by centrifugation and filter-sterilization to be tested on macrophages. The immunostimulatory effect of different dilution percentages (50%, 75%, 100%) of CM was examined using the MTT assay, proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha) production in macrophages, migration, and phagocytosis assays. For all the examined CM ratios, the percentages of cell viability were > 80%. Regarding the migration scratch, TNF-alpha and phagocytosis assays, CM demonstrated a concentration-dependent immunostimulatory effect. However, the undiluted CM (100%) showed a significant (p-value < 0.05) stimulatory effect compared to the positive and negative controls. The findings suggest that the secretions and products of probiotics, as measured in the CM, may be closely associated with their immune-boosting effects. Understanding this relationship between probiotic secretions and immune function is crucial for further exploring the potential benefits of probiotics in enhancing overall health and well-being.
Interrogation of the human cortical peptidome uncovers cell-type specific signatures of cognitive resilience against Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Morgan G. R. , Carlyle B. C.
Published: March 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by age-related cognitive decline. Brain accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles is required for a neuropathological AD diagnosis, yet up to one-third of AD-pathology positive community-dwelling elderly adults experience no symptoms of cognitive decline during life. Conversely, some exhibit chronic cognitive impairment in absence of measurable neuropathology, prompting interest into cognitive resilience—retained cognition despite significant neuropathology—and cognitive frailty—impaired cognition despite low neuropathology. Synapse loss is widespread within the AD-dementia, but not AD-resilient, brain. Recent evidence points towards critical roles for synaptic proteins, such as neurosecretory VGF, in cognitive resilience. However, VGF and related proteins often signal as peptide derivatives. Here, nontryptic peptidomic mass spectrometry was performed on 102 post-mortem cortical samples from individuals across cognitive and neuropathological spectra. Neuropeptide signalling proteoforms derived from VGF, somatostatin (SST) and protachykinin-1 (TAC1) showed higher abundance in AD-resilient than AD-dementia brain, whereas signalling proteoforms of cholecystokinin (CCK) and chromogranin (CHG) A/B and multiple cytoskeletal molecules were enriched in frail vs control brain. Integrating our data with publicly available single nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) showed enrichment of cognition-related genes in defined cell-types with established links to cognitive resilience, including SST interneurons and excitatory intratelencephalic cells.
Regulation of hypothalamic reactive oxygen species and feeding behavior by phosphorylation of the beta 2 thyroid hormone receptor isoform
Authors: Minakhina Svetlana , Kim Sun Young , Wondisford Fredric E.
Published: March 2024

Unlike other thyroid hormone receptors (THRs), the beta 2 isoform (THRB2) has a restricted expression pattern and is uniquely and abundantly phosphorylated at a conserved serine residue S101 (S102 in humans). Using tagged and or phosphorylation-defective (S101A) THRB2 mutant mice, we show that THRB2 is present in a large subset of POMC neurons and mitigates ROS accumulation during ROS-triggering events, such as fasting/refeeding or high fat diet (HFD). Excessive ROS accumulation in mutant POMC neurons was accompanied by a skewed production of orexigenic/anorexigenic hormones, resulting in elevated food intake. The prolonged exposure to pathogenic hypothalamic ROS levels during HFD feeding lead to a significant loss of POMC neurons in mutant versus wild-type (WT) mice. In cultured cells, the presence of WT THRB2 isoform, but not other THRs, or THRB2S101A, reduced ROS accumulation upon exogenous induction of oxidative stress by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The protective function of phospho-THRB2 (pTHRB2) did not require thyroid hormone (TH), suggesting a TH-independent role of the THRB2 isoform, and phospho-S101 in particular, in regulating oxidative stress. We propose that pTHRB2 has a fundamental role in neuronal protection against ROS cellular damage, and mitigates hypothalamic pathological changes found in diet-induced obesity.
Transformer fault diagnosis method based on SMOTE and NGO-GBDT
Authors: Wang Li-zhong , Chi Jian-fei , Ding Ye-qiang , Yao Hai-yan , Guo Qiang , Yang Hai-qi
Published: March 2024

In order to improve the accuracy of transformer fault diagnosis and improve the influence of unbalanced samples on the low accuracy of model identification caused by insufficient model training, this paper proposes a transformer fault diagnosis method based on SMOTE and NGO-GBDT. Firstly, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was used to expand the minority samples. Secondly, the non-coding ratio method was used to construct multi-dimensional feature parameters, and the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) feature optimization strategy was introduced to screen the optimal feature subset. Finally, Northern Goshawk Optimization (NGO) algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), and then the transformer fault diagnosis was realized. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the misjudgment of minority samples. Compared with other integrated models, the proposed method has high fault identification accuracy, low misjudgment rate and stable performance.
Impact toughness and dynamic constitutive model of geopolymer concrete after water saturation
Authors: Yan Tiecheng , Yin Xiangxiang , Zhang Xingyuan
Published: March 2024

The dynamic compression test of geopolymer concrete (GC) before and after water saturation was carried out by the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). And the effects of water saturation and strain rate on impact toughness of GC were studied. Based on Weibull statistical damage distribution theory, the dynamic constitutive model of GC after water saturation was constructed. The results show that the dynamic peak strain and specific energy absorption of GC have strain rate strengthening effect before or after water saturation. The impact toughness of GC decreases after water saturation. The size distribution of GC fragments has fractal characteristics, and the fractal dimension of GC fragments after water saturation is smaller than that before water saturation. The dynamic constitutive model based on Weibull statistical damage distribution theory can accurately describe the impact mechanical behavior of GC after water saturation, and the model fitting curves are in good agreement with the experimental stress–strain curves.
New evidence on the real role of digital economy in influencing public health efficiency
Authors: Zhao Xiongfei , Wu Shansong , Yan Bin , Liu Baoliu
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the rapid advancement of digital technology has supported the growth of the digital economy. The transformation towards digitization in the public health sector serves as a key indicator of this economic shift. Understanding how the digital economy continuously improves the efficiency of public health services and its various pathways of influence has become increasingly important. It is essential to clarify the impact mechanism of the digital economy on public health services to optimize health expenditures and advance digital economic construction. This study investigates the impact of digital economic development on the efficiency of public health services from a novel perspective, considering social media usage and urban–rural healthcare disparities while constructing a comprehensive index of digital economic development. The findings indicate that the digital economy reduces the efficiency of public health services primarily through two transmission mechanisms: the promotion of social media usage and the widening urban–rural healthcare gap. Moreover, these impacts and transmission pathways exhibit spatial heterogeneity. This study unveils the intrinsic connection and mechanisms of interaction between digital economic development and the efficiency of public health services, providing a theoretical basis and reference for government policy formulation. However, it also prompts further considerations on achieving synergy and interaction between the digital economy and public health services.
Microcirculation-driven mitochondrion dysfunction during the progression of experimental sepsis
Authors: Fejes Roland , Rutai Attila , Juhász László , Poles Marietta Zita , Szabó Andrea , Kaszaki József , Boros Mihály , Tallósy Szabolcs Péter
Published: March 2024

Sepsis is accompanied by a less-known mismatch between hemodynamics and mitochondrial respiration. We aimed to characterize the relationship and time dependency of microcirculatory and mitochondrial functions in a rodent model of intraabdominal sepsis. Fecal peritonitis was induced in rats, and multi-organ failure (MOF) was evaluated 12, 16, 20, 24 or 28 h later (n = 8/group, each) using rat-specific organ failure assessment (ROFA) scores. Ileal microcirculation (proportion of perfused microvessels (PPV), microvascular flow index (MFI) and heterogeneity index (HI)) was monitored by intravital video microscopy, and mitochondrial respiration (OxPhos) and outer membrane (mtOM) damage were measured with high-resolution respirometry. MOF progression was evidenced by increased ROFA scores; microcirculatory parameters followed a parallel time course from the 16th to 28th h. Mitochondrial dysfunction commenced with a 4-h time lag with signs of mtOM damage, which correlated significantly with PPV, while no correlation was found between HI and OxPhos. High diagnostic value was demonstrated for PPV, mtOM damage and lactate levels for predicting MOF. Our findings indicate insufficient splanchnic microcirculation to be a possible predictor for MOF that develops before the start of mitochondrial dysfunction. The adequate subcellular compensatory capacity suggests the presence of mitochondrial subpopulations with differing sensitivity to septic insults.
A redescending M-estimator approach for outlier-resilient modeling
Authors: Raza Aamir , Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad , Ayari-Akkari Amel , Nabi Muhammad , Usman Aslam Muhammad
Published: March 2024

The OLS model is built on the assumption of normality in the distribution of error terms. However, this assumption can be easily violated, especially when there are outliers in the data. A single outlier can disrupt the normality assumption of error terms, making the OLS model less effective. In such situations, M-estimators (MEs) come into play to obtain reliable estimates. We introduce a redescending M-estimators (RME) for robust regression to handle datasets with outliers. The proposed RME produces more robust estimates by effectively managing the influence of outliers, even at lower values of the tuning constant. We compared the performance of this estimator with existing RMEs using real-life data examples and an extensive simulation study. The results show that our suggested RME is more efficient than the compared ME in various situations.
Compaction and compressibility characteristics of snail shell ash and granulated blast furnace slag stabilized local bentonite for baseliner of landfill
Authors: Fadugba Olaolu George , Adeniran Julius Kayode , Alaneme George Uwadiegwu , Oluyemi-Ayibiowu Bamitale Dorcas , Omomomi Oladapo Jayejeje , Adetukasi Adesola Olayinka
Published: March 2024

This study comprehensively explores the compaction and compressibility characteristics of snail shell ash (SSA) and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) in stabilizing local bentonite for landfill baseliner applications. The untreated soil, with a liquid limit of 65%, plastic limit of 35%, and plasticity index of 30%, exhibited optimal compaction at a moisture content of 32% and a maximum dry density of 1423 kg/m3. SSA revealed a dominant presence of 91.551 wt% CaO, while GBFS contained substantial 53.023 wt% SiO2. Treated samples with 20% GBFS and 5% SSA exhibited the highest maximum dry density (1561 kg/m3) and optimal moisture content (13%), surpassing other mixtures. The 15% SSA-treated sample demonstrated superior strength enhancement, reaching an unconfined compressive strength of 272.61 kPa over 28 days, while the 10% GBFS-treated sample achieved 229.95 kPa. The combination of 15% SSA exhibited the highest shear strength (49 kPa) and elastic modulus (142 MPa), showcasing robust mechanical properties. Additionally, the 15% SSA sample displayed favourable hydraulic conductivity (5.57 × 10–8 cm/s), outperforming other mixtures. Notably, the permeability test, a critical aspect of the study, was meticulously conducted in triplicate, ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of the reported hydraulic conductivity values. Treated samples with SSA and GBFS showed reduced compressibility compared to the control soil, with the 15% SSA-treated sample exhibiting a more consistent response to applied pressures. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis revealed substantial composition changes in the 15% SSA mixture, suggesting its potential as an effective base liner in landfill systems. In conclusion, the 15% SSA sample demonstrated superior mechanical properties and hydraulic conductivity, presenting a promising choice for landfill liner applications.
Upper holocene tephro-chronostratigraphy of Irazú Volcano, Costa Rica
Authors: Campos-Durán Daniela , Alvarado Guillermo E. , Martí Joan
Published: March 2024

Irazú is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Costa Rica. We present the tephro-chronostratigraphy of the last 2.6 ka of the Irazú volcano based on detailed field work and C14 radiometric dating, as well as a revision of the geological and historical records. In the stratigraphic record we identified at least 30 tephra units. Eight of them corresponding to the historical period (i.e., after 1700 A.D.), separated by repose periods of different durations. The distribution of the deposits, the volcanic morphologies (craters and pyroclastic cones) and the radiometric ages indicate that most of this recent eruptive activity has occurred from the summit of Irazú along an E–W fissure (~ 4 km long). Toward the west of the summit, near the Sapper hill may be the source of the oldest eruptions at 200 A.D., while the La Laguna cone, located to the east of the summit, could have formed around 1540 A.D., and Main Crater to the west could have formed around sixteenth–seventeenth century. Since then, the historical eruptions (i.e., 1723–1724, 1917–1921, 1924, 1928, 1930, 1933, 1939–1940 and 1963–1965) have been sourced from this crater, but not all of them are registered in the stratigraphy. The eruption frequency of Irazú during this period ranges from 23 to 100 years, with a major event about every 80 years. Irazu’s eruptions have been mainly phreatomagmatic and Strombolian, including some phreatic explosions. We present a detailed tephro-chronostratigraphy that will help to building temporal analysis for hazard assessment and risk management plans to face future eruptions at Irazú.
A mud budget of the Wadden Sea and its implications for sediment management
Authors: Colina Alonso Ana , van Maren Dirk Sebastiaan , Oost Albert Peter , Esselink Peter , Lepper Robert , Kösters Frank , Bartholdy Jesper , Bijleveld Allert Imre , Wang Zheng Bing
Published: March 2024

The world’s coasts and deltas are progressively threatened by climate change and human activities. The degree at which coastlines can adapt to these changes strongly depends on the sediment availability. The availability of muddy sediments is however poorly known. This study aims at developing a mud budget for the world’s largest system of uninterrupted tidal flats: the Wadden Sea. The resulting mud budget is nearly closed: ~ 12 million ton/year enters the system on its western end, ~ 1.5 million ton/year is added by local rivers, while ~ 12 million ton annually deposits or is extracted by anthropogenic activities. A mud deficit already exists in the downdrift areas, which will only become more pronounced with increased sea level rise rates. Mud is thus a finite resource similar to sand, and should be treated as such in sediment management strategies. Resolving future challenges will therefore require a cross-border perspective on sediment management.
Reducing uncertainties in greenhouse gas emissions from chemical production
Authors: Cullen Luke , Meng Fanran , Lupton Rick , Cullen Jonathan M.
Published: March 2024

Uncertainties in greenhouse gas emissions estimates for petrochemical production have lacked quantification globally, impacting emissions reporting and decarbonization policymaking. Here we analyze cradle-to-gate emissions of 81 chemicals at 37,000 facilities worldwide, assessing 6 uncertainty sources. The results estimate a 34% uncertainty in total global emissions of 1.9 ± 0.6 Gt of CO2-equivalent emissions for 2020, and 15–40% uncertainties across most petrochemicals analyzed. The largest uncertainties stem from the inability to assign specific production processes to facilities owing to data limitations. Uncertain data on feedstock production and off-site energy generation contribute substantially, while on-site fuel combustion and chemical reactions have smaller roles. Allocation method choices for co-products are generally insignificant. Prioritizing facility-level process specification in data collection for just 20% of facilities could reduce global uncertainty by 80%. This underscores the necessity of quantifying uncertainty in petrochemical greenhouse gas emissions globally and outlines priorities for improved reporting. The dataset generated offers independent emissions factor estimates based on facility-specific information for 81 chemicals, supporting future analyses.
Mechanochemical hydroquinone regeneration promotes gold salt reduction in sub-stoichiometric conditions of the reducing agent
Authors: Xavier Ismael P. L. , Lemos Laura L. , de Melo Eduardo C. , Campos Eduardo T. , de Souza Breno L. , Faustino Leandro A. , Galante Douglas , de Oliveira Paulo F. M.
Published: March 2024

The hydroquinone reducing agent is regenerated during the mechanochemical reduction of gold salt to form metal nanoparticles, and it remains active in the chemical reduction process even when used in sub-stoichiometric conditions.
Recent progress and prospects of dimer and multimer acceptors for efficient and stable polymer solar cells
Authors: Lee Jin-Woo , Park Jin Su , Jeon Hyesu , Lee Seungjin , Jeong Dahyun , Lee Changyeon , Kim Yun-Hi , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: March 2024

This review summarizes the recent progress, key design principles and prospects of dimer and multimer acceptors for developing polymer solar cells (PSCs) with high efficiency and long-term stability.
Compact, robust, and regulated-output hybrid generators for magnetic energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications in power transmission lines
Authors: Li Qingtong , Zhang Lei , Zhang Chi , Tian Yu , Fan Yanyun , Li Bo , An Zhengang , Li Dachao , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: March 2024

A hybrid magnetic energy harvester is demonstrated for self-powered sensors in transmission lines, showcasing unprecedented power density, compact size, lightweight, waterproofing, resilience to current fluctuations, and environmental robustness.
Interaction of disposable face mask (nano)microplastics with antibiotics: performance and mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Ting , Chen Xi , Jiang Angrui , Qi Jingfan , You Zhaoyang , Shah Kinjal J.
Published: March 2024

The adsorption of ciprofloxacin (CIP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and tetracycline (TC) on disposable face mask (nano-)microplastics occurs in the order SMX > CIP > TC, which correlates with the octanol–water partition coefficient of antibiotics.
Pinobanksin ameliorated DSS-induced acute colitis mainly through modulation of SLC7A11/glutathione-mediated intestinal epithelial ferroptosis
Authors: Bi Hailian , Guo Shibin , Wang Yan , Liu Zhijie , Wu Guokai , Huo Xiaokui , Guo Li , Guo Huishu , Xiong Yongjian
Published: March 2024

Inhibition of ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells serves as an attractive target for the development of therapeutic strategies for colitis.
Dual-ligand quasi-2D perovskites with chiral-induced spin selectivity for room temperature spin-LEDs
Authors: Gao Haotian , Chen Yu , Zhang Ruxi , Cao Rui , Wang Yong , Tian Yunfei , Xiao Yin
Published: March 2024

We developed new quasi-2D perovskites with chiral and achiral organic cations as co-ligands and demonstrated their effective application in spin-LEDs at room temperature based on the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect.
Carbon fiber composite electrodes derived from metal organic polyhedra-18 and matrimid for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Haque Syed Fahad Bin , Tian Yafen , Tague Daniel W. , Balkus Kenneth J. , Ferraris John P.
Published: March 2024

Matrimid and metal–organic polyhedra-18 (MOP-18) electrospun composite nanofibers were utilized to fabricate free-standing, electrically conducting, and high-energy density hybrid supercapacitor electrodes.
Photocatalytic selective oxidation of toluene under encapsulated air conditions
Authors: Cui Jing , Niu Kai-Kai , Zhang Rong-Zhen , Liu Hui , Yu Shengsheng , Xing Ling-Bao
Published: March 2024

We report herein a mild and practical photocatalytic selective oxidation of toluene under encapsulated air conditions and low catalyst loading, while simultaneously accommodating a broad applicability for various high value-added aromatic aldehydes.
Palladium-catalyzed alkynylation of allylic gem-difluorides
Authors: Liu Guo-ying , Tang Lu-ning , Li Jun-hua , Yang Sen , Chen Ming
Published: March 2024

Herein, a palladium-catalyzed regioselective alkynylation, esterification, and amination of allylic gem-difluorides via C–F bond activation/transmetallation/β-C elimination or nucleophilic attack has been achieved.
Azidomethyl-bisoxadiazol-linked-1,2,3-triazole-(ABT)-based potential liquid propellant and energetic plasticizer
Authors: Lal Sohan , Staples Richard J. , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: March 2024

A scalable and facile synthesis of a novel next-generation liquid rocket propellant and a potential energetic plasticizer has been reported with balanced energetic performance.
Dual-anion chemistry synchronously regulating the solvation structure and electric double layer for durable Zn metal anodes
Authors: Huang Rong , Zhang Jingwei , Wang Wei , Wu Xiaohong , Liao Xuelong , Lu Tiantian , Li Youzeng , Chen Jialei , Chen Shan , Qiao Yu , Zhao Qing , Wang Huan
Published: March 2024

Dual-anion chemistry is engineered by adding strong polarity Ac− into Zn(OTf)2 electrolyte, which enables synchronous regulation of solvation structure and electric double layer, thereby countering rapid Zn2+ consumption and prompting favorable interphase formation for durable Zn metal anodes.
Multi-site catalysis of high-entropy hydroxides for sustainable electrooxidation of glucose to glucaric acid
Authors: Wu Xianhong , Zhao Zhi-Jian , Shi Xiangcheng , Kang Liqun , Das Pratteek , Wang Sen , Chu Shengqi , Wang Hua , Davey Kenneth , Zhang Bo , Qiao Shi-Zhang , Gong Jinlong , Wu Zhong-Shuai
Published: March 2024

Multi-site catalysis of high-entropy hydroxides for co-production of glucaric acid and ammonia.
CsPb2Br5-assisted direct crystallization of the 3D perovskite phase for highly efficient and stable solar cells
Authors: Gao Caiyun , Gao Kun , Zhang Bingqian , Sun Xiuhong , Zhao Qiangqiang , Wang Xiao , Wang Feng , Sun Mingliang , Cui Guanglei , Pang Shuping
Published: March 2024

The α-FAPbI3 was achieved through a direct growth strategy of CsPb2Br5 seed induction at room temperature. This strategy has delivered a superior PCE of 25.55%, the PSCs exhibit excellent stability, and the module efficiency was increased to 22.35%.
Design guidelines for a high-performance hard carbon anode in sodium ion batteries
Authors: Hyun Jong Chan , Jin Hyeong Min , Kwak Jin Hwan , Ha Son , Kang Dong Hyuk , Kim Hyun Soo , Kim Sion , Park Minhyuck , Kim Chan Yeol , Yoon Juhee , Park Ji Sung , Kim Ji-Young , Lim Hee-Dae , Cho Se Youn , Jin Hyoung-Joon , Yun Young Soo
Published: March 2024

A systematic investigation established a significant correlation between the 2D to G band intensity ratio (I2D/IG) in the Raman spectrum and the internal kinetic barrier for sodium-ion transfer, achieving the highest sodium plateau capacity of ∼400 mA h g−1 (A30 sample).
Solvent-driven isomerization of muconates in DMSO: reaction mechanism and process sustainability
Authors: Khalil Ibrahim , Rammal Fatima , De Vriendt Lisa , Narmon An Sofie , Sels Bert F. , Meier Sebastian , Dusselier Michiel
Published: March 2024

The selective and highly productive formation of trans,trans-muconates from its cis,trans-isomer in a catalyst-free system is reported, revealing the unique role of DMSO/water in suppressing the undesired lactonization reaction.
Accurate prediction analysis of steel alloy elements by femtosecond laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy and out-of-bag random forest regression
Authors: He Xiaoyong , Dong Bing , Zhou Bingyan , Liu Jingbo , Wang Yarui
Published: March 2024

Femtosecond laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-LA-SIBS) and out-of-bag random forest regression (OOB-RFR) were developed for accurate quantitative analysis of the elements manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) in steel alloys.
Correction: High-precision measurement of Cd isotopes in ultra-trace Cd samples using double spike-standard addition MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Chang Hui , Zhu Jian-Ming , Wang Xiangli , Gao Ting
Published: March 2024

Correction for ‘High-precision measurement of Cd isotopes in ultra-trace Cd samples using double spike-standard addition MC-ICP-MS’ by Hui Chang et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2023, 38, 950–962, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3JA00047H.
Efficient synthesis of bioactive isoindolinone derivatives containing continuous quaternary carbons by intermolecular OH transfer
Authors: He Yingying , Li Hongtao , Song Longlong , Chen Lili , Liu Shunying
Published: March 2024

A rhodium(ii)-catalyzed reaction of 3-hydroxyisoindolinones and diazos via an intermolecular OH transfer to deliver isoindolinone derivatives containing continuous quaternary carbons as products is developed in high yields of up to 89%.
Ni2P/NiCo2S4/NF nanocomposite as an anode catalyst for constructing urea fuel cells
Authors: Ma Xuehua , Wang Zhuo , Liu Jia , Cao Jinglei , Jin Xiaoyong , Xing Yonglei , Peng Juan , Ni Gang
Published: March 2024

Ni2P/NiCo2S4/NF nanocomposite as an anode catalyst for urea fuel cells.
Loop to linear: exploring the impact of corona topology on the properties of self-assembled polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Zeng Haoxiang , Müllner Markus
Published: March 2024

Cyclic block copolymers with photo-cleavable linkers were prepared, allowing looped-to-linear corona transformations via UV-induced post-assembly modification, and showcasing their versatility as topology-tuned drug delivery systems.
Synthesis of 10B-enriched 2,1-borazaronaphthalenes from o-aminostyrenes and 10BF3
Authors: Qiu Weihua , Zhu Jide , Tao Rencai , Yang Kai , Song Qiuling
Published: March 2024

Herein we present a practical approach for preparing 10B-enriched 2,1-borazaronaphthalenes from o-aminostyrenes and 10BF3 (the primary source of boron-10) in the presence of chlorosilane.
Highly selective separation of toluene/methylcyclohexane based on pagoda[5]arene nonporous adaptive crystals
Authors: Liu Zhongwen , Li Ming , Fang Shuai , Shao Li , Hua Bin , Huang Feihe
Published: March 2024

Herein the selective separation of toluene/methylcyclohexane based on pagoda[5]arene nonporous adaptive crystals is investigated.
Mass transport effects in gas-phase selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene over supported Pd
Authors: Brandt Corstius Oscar E. , Kikkert M. , Roberts S. T. , Doskocil E. J. , van der Hoeven J. E. S. , de Jongh P. E.
Published: March 2024

The performance of selective hydrogenation reactions is affected by mass transfer limitations, induced by higher local metal loading and larger catalyst grain size.
A Comparative Study of Cross‐Device Finger Vein Recognition Using Classical and Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Arıcan Tuğçe , Veldhuis Raymond , Spreeuwers Luuk , Bergeron Loïc , Busch Christoph , Jalilian Ehsaneddin , Kauba Christof , Kirchgasser Simon , Marcel Sébastien , Prommegger Bernhard , Raja Kiran , Ramachandra Raghavendra , Uhl Andreas
Published: March 2024

Finger vein recognition is gaining popularity in the field of biometrics, yet the inter‐operability of finger vein patterns has received limited attention. This study aims to fill this gap by introducing a cross‐device finger vein dataset and evaluating the performance of finger vein recognition across devices using a classical method, a convolutional neural network, and our proposed patch‐based convolutional auto‐encoder (CAE). The findings emphasise the importance of standardisation of finger vein recognition, similar to that of fingerprints or irises, crucial for achieving inter‐operability. Despite the inherent challenges of cross‐device recognition, the proposed CAE architecture in this study demonstrates promising results in finger vein recognition, particularly in the context of cross‐device comparisons.