bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arithmetical structures on graphs with connectivity one
Authors: Corrales Hugo , Valencia Carlos E.
Published: July 2017

Given a graph [Formula: see text], an arithmetical structure on [Formula: see text] is a pair of positive integer vectors [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the adjacency matrix of [Formula: see text]. We describe the arithmetical structures on graph [Formula: see text] with a cut vertex [Formula: see text] in terms of the arithmetical structures on their blocks. More precisely, if [Formula: see text] are the induced subgraphs of [Formula: see text] obtained from each of the connected components of [Formula: see text] by adding the vertex [Formula: see text] and their incident edges, then the arithmetical structures on [Formula: see text] are in one to one correspondence with the [Formula: see text]-rational arithmetical structures on the [Formula: see text]’s. A rational arithmetical structure corresponds to an arithmetical structure where some of the integrality conditions are relaxed.
Effects of variable-time impulses on global exponential stability of Cohen–Grossberg neural networks
Authors: Zhang Xianxiu , Li Chuandong , Huang Tingwen , Ahmad Hafiz Gulfam
Published: July 2017

We investigate the global exponential stability of Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (CGNNs) with variable moments of impulses using B-equivalence method. Under certain conditions, we show that each solution of the considered system intersects each surface of discontinuity exactly once, and that the variable-time impulsive systems can be reduced to the fixed-time impulsive ones. The obtained results imply that impulsive CGNN will remain stability property of continuous subsystem even if the impulses are of somewhat destabilizing, and that stabilizing impulses can stabilize the unstable continuous subsystem at its equilibrium points. Moreover, two stability criteria for the considered CGNN by use of proposed comparison system are obtained. Finally, the theoretical results are illustrated by two examples.
A novel ZrHIO6⋅4H2O catalyst for degradation of organic dyes at room temperature
Authors: Li Jiayin , Ma Xinping , Qian Meifan , Liu Haoran , Liu Qiying , Zhao Caixian , Tian Li , Chen Lijuan , Tang Jianting
Published: July 2017

It is interesting to obtain catalysts to degrade organic dye pollutants at room temperature for simultaneous purposes of environment-treating and energy-saving. In this work, a novel ZrHIO[Formula: see text]H2O catalyst was synthesized by reacting ZrO(NO[Formula: see text] with H5IO6 in aqueous nitric acid. The catalyst was found effective in degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) or methylene blue (MB) dyes at room temperature without light illumination. We used the ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra of dye solution as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of ZrHIO[Formula: see text]H2O to confirm that the dye degradation was due to its catalytic role. Importantly, the ZrHIO[Formula: see text]H2O catalyst can be recycled five times without obvious activity loss and it achieved higher mineralization efficiency than the previously reported analogue in the degradation experiments.
Molecular dynamics study on the tensile properties of graphene/Cu nanocomposite
Authors: Hua Jun , Duan Zhirong , Song Chen , Liu Qinlong
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the mechanical properties, including elastic properties, deformation mechanism, dislocation formation and crack propagation of graphene/Cu (G/Cu) nanocomposite under uniaxial tension are studied by molecular dynamics (MD) method and the strain rate dependence is also investigated. Firstly, through the comparative analysis of tensile results of single crystal copper (Cu), single slice graphene/Cu (SSG/Cu) nanocomposite and double slice graphene/Cu (DSG/Cu) nanocomposite, it is found that the G/Cu nanocomposites have larger initial equivalent elastic modulus and tensile ultimate strength comparing with Cu and the more content of graphene, the greater the tensile strength of composites. Afterwards, by analyzing the tensile results of SSG/Cu nanocomposite under different strain rates, we find that the tensile ultimate strength of SSG/Cu nanocomposite increases with the increasing of strain rate gradually, but the initial equivalent elastic modulus basically remains unchanged.
Central effects of insulin detemir on feeding, body weight, and metabolism in rats
Authors: Vasselli Joseph R. , Pi-Sunyer F. Xavier , Wall Daniel G. , John Catherine S. , Chapman Colin D. , Currie Paul J.
Published: July 2017

Insulin detemir (DET) is a basal insulin analog that, in contrast to other long-acting forms of insulin, has significant weight-gain-sparing effects in diabetic patients. We hypothesized that this effect of DET may be due to its enhanced catabolic action in the central nervous system. We investigated the long-term effects of single third ventricular (3V) microinjections of equimolar doses of DET and regular insulin in normal male rats on feeding, body weight, energy expenditure (EE), and respiratory quotient (RQ). Also, in acute testing, we assessed the ability of lower doses of DET to alter feeding, EE, and RQ when microinjected directly into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The anabolic peptide ghrelin served as a positive control in acute testing. 3V administration of both DET (0.5–2.0 mU) and regular insulin (2.0–8.0 mU) significantly reduced feeding and body weight over 48 and 120 h, respectively, with DET yielding greater inhibitory effects. DET also stimulated greater elevations of EE and reductions of RQ over 72 and 48 h postinjection, respectively. In acute (4 h) testing, microinjections of DET (0.5 mU) into the PVN reduced feeding, increased EE, and reduced RQ, while ghrelin (100 pmol) had the opposite effects. When administered sequentially into the PVN, DET (0.25 and 0.5 mU) reversed ghrelin-induced feeding, EE, and RQ effects. These data support the notion that the weight-sparing effect of DET is at least in part based on its central catabolic action and that enhanced EE and reduced RQ may participate in this effect.
Dissecting patterns of preparatory activity in the frontal eye fields during pursuit target selection
Authors: Raghavan Ramanujan T. , Joshua Mati
Published: July 2017

We investigated the composition of preparatory activity of frontal eye field (FEF) neurons in monkeys performing a pursuit target selection task. In response to the orthogonal motion of a large and a small reward target, monkeys initiated pursuit biased toward the direction of large reward target motion. FEF neurons exhibited robust preparatory activity preceding movement initiation in this task. Preparatory activity consisted of two components, ramping activity that was constant across target selection conditions, and a flat offset in firing rates that signaled the target selection condition. Ramping activity accounted for 50% of the variance in the preparatory activity and was linked most strongly, on a trial-by-trial basis, to pursuit eye movement latency rather than to its direction or gain. The offset in firing rates that discriminated target selection conditions accounted for 25% of the variance in the preparatory activity and was commensurate with a winner-take-all representation, signaling the direction of large reward target motion rather than a representation that matched the parameters of the upcoming movement. These offer new insights into the role that the frontal eye fields play in target selection and pursuit control. They show that preparatory activity in the FEF signals more strongly when to move rather than where or how to move and suggest that structures outside the FEF augment its contributions to the target selection process.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used the smooth eye movement pursuit system to link between patterns of preparatory activity in the frontal eye fields and movement during a target selection task. The dominant pattern was a ramping signal that did not discriminate between selection conditions and was linked, on trial-by-trial basis, to movement latency. A weaker pattern was composed of a constant signal that discriminated between selection conditions but was only weakly linked to the movement parameters.
In Vivo Radioprotective Activity of Cell‐Permeable Bifunctional Antioxidant Enzyme GST‐TAT‐SOD against Whole‐Body Ionizing Irradiation in Mice
Authors: Pan Jianru , He Huocong , Su Ying , Zheng Guangjin , Wu Junxin , Liu Shutao , Rao Pingfan
Published: July 2017

GST‐TAT‐SOD was the fusion of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cell‐permeable peptide TAT, and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST). It was proved to be a potential selective radioprotector in vitro in our previous work. This study evaluated the in vivo radioprotective activity of GST‐TAT‐SOD against whole‐body irradiation. We demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml GST‐TAT‐SOD (2 kU/ml) 2 h before the 6 Gy whole‐body irradiation in mice almost completely prevented the splenic damage. It could significantly enhance the splenic antioxidant activity which kept the number of splenic white pulp and consequently resisted the shrinkage of the spleen. Moreover, the thymus index, hepatic antioxidant activity, and white blood cell (WBC) count of peripheral blood in irradiated mice pretreated with GST‐TAT‐SOD also remarkably increased. Although the treated and untreated irradiated mice showed no significant difference in the growth rate of animal body weight at 7 days postirradiation, the highest growth rate of body weight was observed in the GST‐TAT‐SOD‐pretreated group. Furthermore, GST‐TAT‐SOD pretreatment increased resistance against 8 Gy whole‐body irradiation and enhanced 30 d survival. The overall effect of GST‐TAT‐SOD seemed to be a bit more powerful than that of amifostine. In conclusion, GST‐TAT‐SOD would be a safe and potentially promising radioprotector.
mTOR Inhibition Rejuvenates the Aging Gingival Fibroblasts through Alleviating Oxidative Stress
Authors: Xia Yiru , Sun Mengjun , Xie Yufeng , Shu Rong
Published: July 2017

The aging periodontium may be vulnerable to periodontal pathogens and poor response to inflammation and susceptible to tumorigenesis. Human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) through continuously replicative culture served as an in vitro surrogate for aging. To investigate the effects of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition on the aging gingiva, we stimulated the high‐passage hGFs with rapamycin (20 nmol/L) for 3 days and 30 days. The cellular and biological changes were examined by immunofluorescence, real‐time PCR, ELISA, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. The data demonstrated that the inhibition of mTOR signaling led to fewer senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase‐ (SA‐β‐Gal‐) positive cells, delayed the onset of senescence, preserved the capability of proliferation, and lowered the expression levels of relevant senescence‐associated markers, such as p16INK4a, p21CIP1a, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and IL‐8. In addition, when infected by prominent periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277), rapamycin‐pretreated groups decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) compared with the control group. mTOR inhibition upregulated the gene expression of antioxidant components (Cat, Sod2, and Prdx3; P < 0.05) and consequently neutralized the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, our results indicated that mTOR inhibition might rejuvenate the aging gingiva to some extent and relieve inflammation through eliminating oxidative stress.
S1P Provokes Tumor Lymphangiogenesis via Macrophage-Derived Mediators Such as IL-1βor Lipocalin-2
Authors: Syed Shahzad N. , Jung Michaela , Weigert Andreas , Brüne Bernhard
Published: July 2017

A pleiotropic signaling lipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), has been implicated in various pathophysiological processes supporting tumor growth and metastasis. However, there are only a few descriptive studies suggesting a role of S1P in tumor lymphangiogenesis, which is critical for tumor growth and dissemination. Corroborating own data, the literature suggests that apoptotic tumor cell-derived S1P alters the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to gain protumor functions. However, mechanistically, the role of TAM-induced lymphangiogenesis has only been poorly described, mostly linked to the production of lymphangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D, or transdifferentiation into lymphatic endothelial cells. Recent findings highlight a rather underappreciated role of S1P in tumor lymphangiogenesis, referring to the production of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and lipocalin-2 (LCN2) by a tumor-promoting macrophage phenotype. In this review, we aim to provide to the readers with the current understanding of the molecular mechanism how apoptotic cell-derived S1P triggers TAMs to promote lymphangiogenesis.
Extensive Causative Esophagitis Caused by Thermal Injury: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lim Cherng Harng , Yen Hsu-Heng , Su Wei-Wen , Lim Cherng-Jyr , Tsai Hao-Chien , Chen Shi-Ting
Published: July 2017

Esophagus thermal injury is a rare case that can be easily overlooked by practitioners. We herein present a case of thermally induced diffuse corrosive esophagitis with complaints of dysphagia and retrosternal chest pain after having steamed pork. A thorough disease course was demonstrated by serials of endoscopy images and video. A comprehensive review of articles and a concise overview of esophageal thermal injury clinical manifestation, disease process, typical endoscopy features, pharmacomanagement option, and outcomes will be conducted in this article.
Ethosomes of Phenylethyl Resorcinol as Vesicular Delivery System for Skin Lightening Applications
Authors: Limsuwan Tunyaluk , Boonme Prapaporn , Khongkow Pasarat , Amnuaikit Thanaporn
Published: July 2017

Ethosome formulations containing phenylethyl resorcinol (PR) were developed. The formulation was produced from 0.5% w/v PR, 0.5% w/v cholesterol from lanolin, 3% w/v L-α-phosphatidylcholine from soybean, 30% v/v absolute ethanol, and water up to 100% v/v. It was characterized by a vesicular size of 389 nm, low polydispersity index of 0.266, zeta potential of −34.19±0.44 mV, high PR entrapment efficiency of 71%, and good stability on storage at 4 and 30°C at 75% RH for 4 months. In vitro studies using pig skin revealed that permeation coefficient of PR from ethosomes was significantly higher than that from liposomes. In vitro retention profiles showed that PR accumulation in pig skin following application of ethosome formulations was 7.4-, 3.3-, and 1.8-fold higher than that achieved using liposomes, 20% propylene glycol solution, and 30% hydroethanolic solution, respectively. An inhibition value of around 80% was measured for antityrosinase activity of PR in pig skin. Consistently, ethosomes exhibited higher tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin content reduction when compared to other formulations in B16 melanoma cells. Ethosomes did not cause acute dermal irritation in albino rabbits. These findings demonstrate that ethosomes are capable of delivering PR into the skin efficiently and hold promise for topical application of skin lightening products.
The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion
Authors: Mo Yunchang , Chen Sijia , Yang Lili , Huang Ledan , Jin Dan , Yu Zhi , Wang Leilei , Wang Liangrong , Luo Shan , Wang Junlu
Published: July 2017

Reperfusion after tourniquet use can induce inflammation and cause remote organ injury. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on inflammatory mediators and lung function in patients receiving lower limb tourniquets. Forty patients undergoing unilateral lower extremity surgery with tourniquet were randomly assigned to two groups: the TEAS group and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group. The C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and arterial blood gas analysis were measured preoperatively and 6 h after tourniquet removal. The levels of CXCL8, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL2 were significantly increased compared to baseline values in both groups, but the increase was significantly smaller in the TEAS group. In the TEAS group, the partial pressure of oxygen and arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratio were significantly decreased, and the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference and respiratory index were significantly increased, compared to those in the I/R group at 6 h after reperfusion. In conclusion, TEAS diminished the upregulation of proinflammatory factors in response to lower limb ischemia-reperfusion and improved pulmonary gas exchange.
Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP9X Suppresses Tumor Growth via LATS Kinase and Core Components of the Hippo Pathway
Authors: Toloczko Aleksandra , Guo Fusheng , Yuen Hiu-Fung , Wen Qing , Wood Stephen A. , Ong Yan Shan , Chan Pei Yi , Shaik Asfa Alli , Gunaratne Jayantha , Dunne Mark J. , Hong Wanjin , Chan Siew Wee
Published: July 2017

The core LATS kinases of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway phosphorylate and inhibit the downstream transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ, which are implicated in various cancers. Recent studies have identified various E3 ubiquitin ligases that negatively regulate the Hippo pathway via ubiquitination, yet few deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) have been implicated. In this study, we report the DUB USP9X is an important regulator of the core kinases of this pathway. USP9X interacted strongly with LATS kinase and to a lesser extent with WW45, KIBRA, and Angiomotin, and LATS co-migrated exclusively with USP9X during gel filtration chromatography analysis. Knockdown of USP9X significantly downregulated and destabilized LATS and resulted in enhanced nuclear translocation of YAP and TAZ, accompanied with activation of their target genes. In the absence of USP9X, cells exhibited an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype, acquired anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and led to enlarged, disorganized, three-dimensional acini. YAP/TAZ target gene activation in response to USP9X knockdown was suppressed by knockdown of YAP, TAZ, and TEAD2. Deletion of USP9X in mouse embryonic fibroblasts resulted in significant downregulation of LATS. Furthermore, USP9X protein expression correlated positively with LATS but negatively with YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer tissues as well as pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines. Overall, these results strongly indicate that USP9X potentiates LATS kinase to suppress tumor growth. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4921–33. ©2017 AACR.
MUC1-Mediated Metabolic Alterations Regulate Response to Radiotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Gunda Venugopal , Souchek Joshua , Abrego Jaime , Shukla Surendra K. , Goode Gennifer D. , Vernucci Enza , Dasgupta Aneesha , Chaika Nina V. , King Ryan J. , Li Sicong , Wang Shuo , Yu Fang , Bessho Tadayoshi , Lin Chi , Singh Pankaj K.
Published: July 2017

Purpose: MUC1, an oncogene overexpressed in multiple solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer, reduces overall survival and imparts resistance to radiation and chemotherapies. We previously identified that MUC1 facilitates growth-promoting metabolic alterations in pancreatic cancer cells. The present study investigates the role of MUC1-mediated metabolism in radiation resistance of pancreatic cancer by utilizing cell lines and in vivo models.

Experimental Design: We used MUC1-knockdown and -overexpressed cell line models for evaluating the role of MUC1-mediated metabolism in radiation resistance through in vitro cytotoxicity, clonogenicity, DNA damage response, and metabolomic evaluations. We also investigated whether inhibition of glycolysis could revert MUC1-mediated metabolic alterations and radiation resistance by using in vitro and in vivo models.

Results: MUC1 expression diminished radiation-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in pancreatic cancer cells by enhancing glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and nucleotide biosynthesis. Such metabolic reprogramming resulted in high nucleotide pools and radiation resistance in in vitro models. Pretreatment with the glycolysis inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate abrogated MUC1-mediated radiation resistance both in vitro and in vivo, by reducing glucose flux into nucleotide biosynthetic pathways and enhancing DNA damage, which could again be reversed by pretreatment with nucleoside pools.

Conclusions: MUC1-mediated nucleotide metabolism plays a key role in facilitating radiation resistance in pancreatic cancer and targeted effectively through glycolytic inhibition. Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5881–91. ©2017 AACR.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Green Tea Beverages on the in vivo Radical Scavenging Activity in Human Skin
Authors: Megow Inna , Darvin Maxim E. , Meinke Martina C. , Lademann Jürgen
Published: July 2017

Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases. Thus, the antioxidant network of the skin relies on the uptake of exogenous antioxidants to ensure cell protection against radical formation. Green tea is one of the main sources of polyphenolic antioxidant compounds, but only few data are available on its cutaneous antioxidant effects. Methods: The radical scavenging properties of Benifuuki and Yabukita green tea were investigated in the human skin. Thirty-two participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomized to consume 3 cups per day of either Benifuuki tea, Yabukita tea, or water (control group) for 2 weeks. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was applied to measure the radical scavenging capacity of the skin in vivo before and after the intervention. Results: Both Yabukita and Benifuuki tea led to an increase in the radical scavenging activity of the skin by 28 and 29%, respectively, and the difference was significant when compared to the control group. Benifuuki tea, previously reported to be superior in bioavailability due to a highly absorbable methylated catechin, did not prove to be more effective than the common Yabukita tea. Conclusion: The results show that green tea enhances the radical scavenging capacity of the skin and support the hypothesis that green tea may offer protection against cutaneous oxidative stress.
Validation of an Instrument to Measure Patients' Intentions and Ability to Change Attitudes and Behavior
Authors: Büssing Arndt , Poier Désirée , Lauche Romy , Dobos Gustav , Cramer Holger
Published: July 2017

Background: The efficacy of specific interventions also of mind-body medicine is also dependent on the patients' ability to engage in these interventions and to perceive and change health-affecting attitudes and behaviors. The aim was to validate a 13-item instrument to measure (1) the patients' perception of specific attitudes and behaviors that are assumed to have a negative influence on the health situation, (2) their intention to change them, and (3) the implementation of the intended changes in their life affairs. Patients and Methods: Anonymous cross-sectional survey among 512 patients with chronic pain conditions (mean age 42.6 ± 11.4 years; 58% women) using standardized instruments. Results: After the elimination of 4 items, an explorative factor analysis of the 9 remaining items indicated 2 factors that would explain 57% of the variance: Perceptions/Intentions (5 items; Cronbach's alpha = 0.75) and Ability/ Implementation (4 items; alpha = 0.77). Factor 2 correlated moderately to strongly with internal adaptive coping strategies (AKU) and situational awareness (CPSC), and weakly with mental health (SF-36), life satisfaction (BMLSS), and low depressive symptoms (BDI) and escape from illness (Escape). Factor 1 correlated weakly with age and adaptive coping strategies (AKU). Conclusions: The final 9-item Perception, Intention and Ability to Change (PIAC) scale was approved as a short, practicable and promising instrument, which should be further evaluated in the context of training and intervention programs, particularly with respect to its predictive relevance.
High Cost of Hospitalization for Colonic Diverticular Bleeding Depended on Repeated Bleeding and Blood Transfusion: Analysis with Diagnosis Procedure Combination Data in Japan
Authors: Ito Yoichiro , Sakata Yasuhisa , Yoshida Hisako , Nonaka Sayuri , Fujii Susumu , Tanaka Yuichiro , Shirai Shimpei , Takeshita Eri , Akutagawa Takashi , Kawakubo Hiroharu , Yamamoto Koji , Tsuruoka Nanae , Shimoda Ryo , Iwakiri Ryuichi , Fujimoto Kazuma
Published: July 2017

Background: Bleeding from a colonic diverticulum is serious in aged patients. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for high-cost hospitalization of colonic diverticular bleeding using the diagnosis procedure combination (DPC) data. Methods: From January 2009 to December 2015, 78 patients with colonic diverticular bleeding were identified by DPC data in Saga Medical School Hospital. All patients underwent colonic endoscopy within 3 days. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the low-cost group (DPC cost of <500,000 yen) and the high-cost group (DPC cost of >500,000 yen). Results: Univariate analysis revealed that aging, hypertension, rebleeding, a low hemoglobin concentration at admission, and blood transfusion were risk factors for high hospitalization cost. Multivariate analysis revealed that rebleeding (OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.3-21.3; p = 0.017) and blood transfusion (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.01-14.2; p = 0.048) were definite risk factors for high hospitalization cost. Conclusion: Rebleeding and blood transfusion were related to high hospitalization cost for colonic diverticular bleeding.
Meiotic Recombination in the Giraffe (G. reticulata)
Authors: Vozdova Miluse , Fröhlich Jan , Kubickova Svatava , Sebestova Hana , Rubes Jiri
Published: July 2017

Recently, the reticulated giraffe (G. reticulata) was identified as a distinct species, which emphasized the need for intensive research in this interesting animal. To shed light on the meiotic process as a source of biodiversity, we analysed the frequency and distribution of meiotic recombination in 2 reticulated giraffe males. We used immunofluorescence detection of synaptonemal complex protein (SYCP3), meiotic double strand breaks (DSB, marked as RAD51 foci) in leptonema, and crossovers (COs, as MLH1 foci) in pachynema. The mean number of autosomal MLH1 foci per cell (27), which resulted from a single, distally located MLH1 focus observed on most chromosome arms, is one of the lowest among mammalian species analysed so far. The CO/DSB conversion ratio was 0.32. The pseudoautosomal region was localised in the Xq and Yp termini by FISH and showed an MLH1 focus in 83% of the pachytene cells. Chromatin structures corresponding to the nucleolus organiser regions were observed in the pachytene spermatocytes. The results are discussed in the context of known data on meiosis in Cetartiodactyla, depicting that the variation in CO frequency among species of this taxonomic group is mostly associated with their diploid chromosome number.
Біохімічні показники ротової рідини у наркозалежних хворих на хронічний генералізований пародонтит
Authors: Zubachyk V. M. , Fedun I. R.
Published: July 2017

The impact of narcotic drugs on the oral cavity is not sufficiently studied and remains important. The aim of the study – to learn the biochemical characteristics of oral liquid of drug-addict patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of initial and first degree. Materials and Methods. The object of biochemical studies was oral liquid of 14 drug addict patients (main group) and 10 non-drug addict patients (comparison group) with chronic generalized periodontitis initial and first degree (CGP). There were determined the following parameters: salivation rate, pH, catalase activity (method described by Koroliuk et al.), the number of MDA (by – Stalnaia et al.) and counted API index, protein (by – Lowry), acid and alkaline phosphatase (sets to determine enzymatic activity produced by "Filist-diagnostics"), proteases activity (Kunitz in modification of A.P. Levytskyi).Results and Discussion. We found out deviation of pH in the acidic side (6.16 ± 0.12) in addicted patients and reduce in the rate of salivation (0.31 ± 0.02 ml/m); Also there was reduced in catalase activity (0.14 ± 0.02 mcat/l) and increase in the number of MDA (0.31 ± 0.02 mmol/l) in patients of the main group and API index decrease in addicted patients to 4.47±0.64. Rising of results of protease activity in 7.1 %, protein – in 14.3 %, and acid phosphatase to 25.04±0.72U/l in patients of the main group. Activity of alkaline phosphatase was reduced to 42.55 ± 0.82 U/l. Conclusion. Biochemical studies of oral liquid drug dependent patients with CGP confirm the weakening protective mechanisms and progression of pathological process in periodontal tissues.
Вплив поліморфізму генів PTHR1 та COL1A1 на розвиток захворювань тканин пародонта у людей молодого віку
Authors: Luchynskyi M. A. , Boliuk Y. V. , Luchynskyi V. M.
Published: July 2017

At the present stage of development of dentistry, the leading Ukrainian and foreign scientists devote a considerable part of the research to a deeper study of the etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of periodontal tissue diseases and the influence of various exogenous and endogenous factors on their course.The aim of the study – to learn the ability and methods of forecasting and early diagnosis of the periodontal tissue lesions in young people. Materials and Methods. During our research we examined 24 young people with periodontal tissue diseases, who were included to the main group, and 15 healthy people, who formed the control group. The complex clinical examination was performed in each research group. It was studied the distribution of polymorphous variants of the type I parathormone receptor and the α1-chain of collagen gene with a help of polymerase chain reaction by restrictase cleavage of DNA fragments and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel (AA/BA 29:1). Results and Discussion. The distribution of genotypes by PTHR1 gene in control group was similar to those in main group (p>0.05). Also we didn’t find the difference between frequencies of the separate alleles in people with periodontal tissue pathology and without it (p>0.05). Yes, the repetitions of the allele 5 encoding normal type I parathormone receptor were found more often, comparing with the allele 6 that is responsible for the formation of unfunctional PTHR1 (р<0.001) in both main and control groups. The dominance of the genotype TT, which corresponds to the pathology, was found in young people with the periodontal tissue lesions – (38.46 ± 4.79) %, while among the control group the genotype of norm GG was met the most often – (68.24±5.08) %. Also, the frequency of repetitions of the allele T encoding the imperfect collagen chain was (57.60±3.79) % in young people with periodontal diseases, and in the control group this figure was (13.27±2.81) %, p<0.001.  Conclusions. According to our results the presence of allele T and genotype TT that correspond the imperfect collagen chain may be one of the causes of periodontal tissue pathology.
Особливості перебігу загоєння переломів нижньої щелепи в осіб із різним психосоматичним типом особистості
Authors: Nahirniy Ya. P. , Fesyk V. L.
Published: July 2017

Recently, the literature date about the relationship between the occurrence of complications in traumatic fractures of the mandible injured with the labiality of their psyche were appeared. However, in accessible literature, we did not find publications that would highlight the results of research on the features of the course of healing bone wounds in persons with different psychosomatic type of personality.The aim of the study – to learn the features of the course of healing bone wounds in fractures of the mandible in persons with different psychosomatic type of personality.Materials and Methods. The study of the features of the course of healing of the mandible fractures was carried out in 54 injured of different psychosomatic type of personality by Eysenck, among whom there were 32 extraverts and 22 introverts. The intensity of the inflammatory response, severity of the pain syndrome and structure of complications were studied clinically.Results and Discussion. It was established that the clinical signs of fractures in people-extroverts and introverts have their own characteristics. Severity of inflammatory response was lower in people extroverts, which manifested itself more rapidly of pain reducing, of swelling and soft tissue infiltration. Іn evaluated pain for Verbal Descriptor Scale we had found that introverts group of injured was more sensitive to pain. Reducing the intensity of pain in the fracture site in them was slower. The purulent inflammatory complications were more often among injured introverts. There were no significant differences in the structure of inflammatory complications in the comparable groups.Conclusions. The results of clinical observations indicate that the course of healing bone wounds in persons with traumatic fractures of the mandible and different psychosomatic type of personality has its own characteristics. It was established that the severity of the inflammatory reaction of soft tissues in the fracture area in the injured extroverts was less than introverts, the latter were more sensitive to pain, they often had purulent complications.
Effects of Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Valvular Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pan Kuo‐Li , Singer Daniel E. , Ovbiagele Bruce , Wu Yi‐Ling , Ahmed Mohamed A. , Lee Meng
Published: July 2017

Background

The original non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (
NOAC
) trials in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (
AF
) enrolled patients with native valve pathologies. The object of this study was to quantify the benefit–risk profiles of
NOAC
s versus warfarin in
AF
patients with native valvular heart disease (
VHD
).

Methods and Results

Trials were identified by exhaustive literature search. Trial data were combined using inverse variance weighting to produce a meta‐analytic summary hazard ratio (
HR
) and 95% confidence interval (
CI
) of efficacy and safety of
NOAC
s versus warfarin. Our final analysis included 4 randomized controlled trials that enrolled 71 526 participants, including 13 574 with
VHD
. Pooling results from included trials showed that
NOAC
s versus warfarin reduced stroke or systemic embolism (
HR
: 0.70; 95%
CI
, 0.60–0.82) and intracranial hemorrhage (
HR
: 0.47; 95%
CI
, 0.24–0.92) in
AF
patients with
VHD
. However, risk reduction of major bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage was driven by apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran (HR for major bleeding: 0.79 [95%
CI
, 0.69–0.91]; HR for intracranial hemorrhage: 0.33 [95%
CI
, 0.25–0.45]) but not rivaroxaban (HR for major bleeding: 1.56 [95%
CI
, 1.20–2.04]; HR for intracranial hemorrhage: 1.27 [95%
CI
, 0.77–2.10]).

Conclusions

Among patients with
AF
and native
VHD
,
NOAC
s reduce stroke and systemic embolism compared with warfarin. Evidence shows that apixaban, dabigatran, and edoxaban also reduce bleeding in this patient subgroup, whereas major bleeding (but not intracranial hemorrhage or mortality rate) is significantly increased in
VHD
patients treated with rivaroxaban.
NOAC
s are a reasonable alternative to warfarin in
AF
patients with
VHD
.
In Search of the Temples of YHWH of Samaria and YHWH of Teman
Authors: Na’aman Nadav
Published: July 2017

The Kuntillet ‘Ajrud inscriptions mention blessings by the names of YHWH of Samaria and YHWH of Teman. Like all ancient Near Eastern gods, these two regional gods must have had central temples. This article examines their possible locations and suggests that the combination of the Kuntillet ‘Ajrud inscriptions with the eighth-century prophecies of Amos and Hosea holds the key for identifying these. In light of a detailed analysis of Hosea’s and Amos’ prophecies, it is further suggested that YHWH of Samaria was the name of the major God of the Kingdom of Israel and his main temple was located at Bethel, and that YHWH of Teman was the name of the God of the southern desert regions and his temple was located at Beer-sheba. Israelite traders who traveled southward probably visited the latter god’s temple, offered him sacrifices, made vows to repay him if they succeed in the expedition, and thus turned him to be their patron god during their travel in the desert region. This suggested identification explains why the Judahite cult place of Beer-sheba appears in Amos’ prophecy alongside the Israelite sanctuaries of Bethel, Gilgal, and Dan.
Predation, phytophagy and character state confusion among North American species of the genus Leptothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae)
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE , O’DONNELL CHERYLE
Published: July 2017

Difficulties are discussed of specimen preparation, of character state variation, and of species recognition in the genus Leptothrips, also the extent to which some of the species are phytophagous rather than predatory. An identification key is provided to 15 Leptothrips species from North America. Nine species described by Johansen (1987) are newly placed into synonymy, a further unrecognisable species is based on a single deformed specimen, and L. texcosensis Johansen-Naime et al. (2017) is transferred to the genus Haplothrips.
Oligodon saiyok, a new limestone-dwelling kukri snake (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand
Authors: SUMONTHA MONTRI , KUNYA KIRATI , DANGSRI SIRIWAT , PAUWELS OLIVIER S. G.
Published: July 2017

We describe Oligodon saiyok sp. nov. from Benjarat Nakhon Cave Temple, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. It is characterized by a maximal known SVL of 626.1 mm; 13 maxillary teeth, the posterior two enlarged; 8 supralabials; 17-17-15 dorsal scale rows; 181–187 ventrals and 38–43 subcaudals; a single anal; hemipenes extending in situ to the 18th subcaudal; dorsum with 21–22 dark blotches or white rings without vertebral or lateral stripes; and venter with a dense network of subrectangular dark blotches. It is the 7th squamate species believed to be endemic to Sai Yok District.
Re-description of two spiny clam shrimps (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) of the Indian subcontinent from Daday de Dees's collection at MNHN with new insights on the validity of Eulimnadia compressa (Baird, 1860) and Eulimnadia chaperi (Simon, 1886)
Authors: PADHYE SAMEER M. , RABET NICOLAS
Published: July 2017

We provide complete re-descriptions of a few Indian spinicaudatan clam shrimp species studied from the collection of Daday de Deés stored at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris. For Eocyzicus bouvieri Daday, 1913 and Leptestheria sarsi (Daday, 1923), we highlight taxonomical characters, like cercopod and telson not elaborated by Daday in his original descriptions. We also study Eulimnadia compressa (Baird, 1860) first described from Nagpur, India, and later collected from Angkor, Cambodia, by Daday. The original description of E. compressa is brief, based mostly on the carapace. The type material was not studied by Daday and is now lost. This species therefore should be considered as nomen dubium until a thorough reinvestigation becomes possible. In addition, precise examination of the egg morphology of the two populations of the supposed E. compressa stored at the MNHN shows that there are two different species designated under the same name. Based on the distinct differences observed between the eggs, we re-instate the species status of Eulimnadia chaperi (Simon, 1886) synonymized to E. compressa. We highlight the morphological similarity in eggs of Cambodian population of the supposed E. compressa and South American Eulimnadia magdalenensis Roessler, 1990 using populations from Brazil for comparison and suggest that E. compressa must be designated as the latter species.
Microclimate Variation among Urban Land Covers: The Importance of Vertical and Horizontal Structure in Air and Land Surface Temperature Relationships
Authors: Crum Steven M. , Jenerette G. Darrel
Published: July 2017

Air and land surface warming effects from urbanization are of increasing concern because of expanding heat-related impacts on human health. Many studies have investigated land-cover effects on air temperature Ta or land surface temperature (LST) individually, but relatively few studies have examined the relationships between these two heat indicators and other meteorological variables. The authors investigate how land cover influences local distributions of LST, Ta, and relative humidity (RH) and their interactions. During July 2016, 30 Ta and RH sensors were deployed at two heights above the ground (0.1 and 1.5 m) along with a thermal camera and an anemometer to quantify the influence of surface dynamics on atmospheric micrometeorological conditions. Sensors were distributed in Riverside, California, over five common urban land covers: asphalt, bare surface, turf grass, short trees, and tall trees. Stronger Ta–LST relationships were observed at 0.1 m for asphalt, bare surface, and grass and at 1.5 m for short and tall trees. Excluding grass, greater Ta–LST differences were found for daytime than for nighttime. To add to the complexity of Ta–LST relationships, increasing spatial variation in LST during the day for short- and tall-tree land covers were found. Furthermore, both wind velocity and LST were correlated with Ta vertical distributions. Higher RH and lower LST, Ta, and vapor pressure deficit were found in vegetated covers. Through the use of thermal imagery and meteorological measures, it was found that distinct land-cover influences on microclimate exist and that estimates of urban Ta using LST may improve with the use of land-cover-specific relationships.
Performance of the New NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System in a Parallel Experiment
Authors: Zhou Xiaqiong , Zhu Yuejian , Hou Dingchen , Luo Yan , Peng Jiayi , Wobus Richard
Published: July 2017

A new version of the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS, v11) is tested and compared with the operational version (v10) in a 2-yr parallel run. The breeding-based scheme with ensemble transformation and rescaling (ETR) used in the operational GEFS is replaced by the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to generate initial ensemble perturbations. The global medium-range forecast model and the Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis used as the initial conditions are upgraded to the GFS 2015 implementation version. The horizontal resolution of GEFS increases from Eulerian T254 (~52 km) for the first 8 days of the forecast and T190 (~70 km) for the second 8 days to semi-Lagrangian T574 (~34 km) and T382 (~52 km), respectively. The sigma pressure hybrid vertical layers increase from 42 to 64 levels. The verification of geopotential height, temperature, and wind fields at selected levels shows that the new GEFS significantly outperforms the operational GEFS up to days 8–10 except for an increased warm bias over land in the extratropics. It is also found that the parallel system has better reliability in the short-range probability forecasts of precipitation during warm seasons, but no clear improvement in cold seasons. There is a significant degradation of TC track forecasts at days 6–7 during the 2012–14 TC seasons over the Atlantic and eastern Pacific. This degradation is most likely a sampling issue from a low number of TCs during these three TC seasons. The results for an extended verification period (2011–14) and the recent two hurricane seasons (2015 and 2016) are generally positive. The new GEFS became operational at NCEP on 2 December 2015.
Assessing Markers of Working Memory Function in Dissociative Identity Disorder Using Neutral Stimuli: A Comparison with Clinical and General Population Samples
Authors: Dorahy Martin J. , Irwin Harvey J. , Middleton Warwick
Published: July 2017

Objectives:

Memory functioning is a central conceptual and phenomenological aspect of dissociative identity disorder (DID). Most empirical work on memory functions in DID has focused on retrieval deficits either within or between dissociated identities. The current study attempted to remedy the scant attention given to working memory functioning.

Method:

In samples representing the DID, non-clinical, depressed, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychosis populations (n = 10 per group), neutral stimuli were used to examine three markers of working memory functioning: one measuring inhibition; one assessing facilitation; and one measuring interference.

Results:

With the exception of the psychosis sample all groups displayed significant negative priming in the distractor inhibition condition. Facilitation effects were demonstrated by the DID and PTSD groups only. Interference effects were evident in all samples, though the DID and non-clinical groups demonstrated significantly more interference than the psychosis cohort. Distractor inhibition was related to overall schizotypy scores, and dissociation was related to scores in the facilitation condition.

Conclusions:

The DID sample displayed a completely distinct functional working memory profile to the psychosis sample when assessed with emotionally neutral stimuli. However, the working memory profile in the DID sample was not entirely dissimilar to the other comparison groups.
Aelred, the Doctor — In What Sense?
Authors: Gron Ryszard
Published: July 2017

This paper is designed to explain the title of ‘Doctor of Christian Friendship’ that contemporary theological tradition conferred on Aelred (1110 – 1167), a Cisterican abbot from the English monastery in Rievaulx. The title, set in the tradition of the Church, has a lot in common with the institution of ‘Doctor of the Church’, an honor officially conferred on eminent saints and scholars of philosophy and theology, who laid the foundation for the growth of Christian theology. Aelred, lacking in sufficient erudition and official proclamation on the part of the institutional Church, is called the ‘doctor of friendship’ more in academic circles, because his theological influence is mostly noted in the teaching on friendship. And indeed, his teaching, despite its Ciceronian-Augustine form, is systematic, coherent, original, and therefore deserves him the title of the master of philosophy and the ‘theology of friendship’.
Textual Disorder in the Letters of St Antony: An Analysis and Partial Reconstruction
Authors: Shaw Richard
Published: July 2017

The recent revival of interest in the Letters of St Antony has greatly enriched our understanding of early monasticism. The seminal work of Samuel Rubenson and the judicious refining of his conclusions by those like Graham Gould have brought a new appreciation for the ‘founder of, monasticism’ and the milieu from which became and in which he practised his ascetic life. Based on Antony's epistles, Rubenson made a strong case for the education and intellectual sophistication of Antony. Nonetheless, it is difficult to ignore the impression of confusion in certain parts of the Letters. Moreover there remains something tantalising about these works, not least the unique sections on Arius in Letter IV and on baptism in the second half of Letter VII. Through an analysis of these two epistles and their context in the collection. I hope to show first that the evidence of confusion represents not lack of clarity in the thought of Antony, but rather textual confusion in the epistles themselves; and secondly, that there is good reason to propose the reunification of these two ‘halves’ (IV and the latter part of VII) into a single, original, letter.
William Brownlow, Church History, and Evangelisation
Authors: Mercer Giles
Published: July 2017

Footnotes have been omitted from this article. All references and other notes will be found in Dr Mercer's forthcoming biography of Bishop William Brownlow.