bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The outcome and survival of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing in patients aged less than 50 years
Authors: Scholes C. J. , Ebrahimi M. , Farah S. B. , Field C. , Cordingley R. , Kerr D. , Kohan L.
Published: January 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to report the implant survival and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in a consecutive series of patients aged less than 50 years at the time of arthroplasty using the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing system (BHR), with a minimum follow-up of ten years.

Patients and Methods

A total of 226 patients with osteoarthritis of the hip, who underwent BHR and presented to a single surgeon, were included in the study. Survival of the implant was confirmed by cross-checking with the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. Kaplan–Meier survival curves with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were constructed. Pre- and postoperative PROMs were compared with t-tests, and postoperative scores were compared using anchor analysis with age and gender matched normative data.

Results

At median follow-up of 12 years (interquartile range (IQR) 10 to 13), six BHRs were revised, with a cumulative rate of survival of 96.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 94.2 to 99.4) at 15 years, and with a significantly lower (p = 0.019) cumulative rate of revision than the national average for the same device at ten years. Most revisions (n = 4) were undertaken early, less than three years postoperatively, and occurred in women. Patient-reported general health (Veteran’s Rand-36), disease state (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), function (modified Harris Hip Score) and level of activity (Tegner activity score) maintained significant (p < 0.01 for each) improvements beyond ten years postoperatively and were equal to, or exceeded, age- and gender-matched normative data in more than 80% of the patients.

Conclusion

Longer term PROMs after BHR, from a single surgeon, for patients aged less than 50 years remain under-reported. We found that the outcome after a BHR, at a minimum of ten years postoperatively, remained satisfactory, particularly for self-reported hip function.
Low predictive power of comorbidity indices identified for mortality after acute arthroplasty surgery undertaken for femoral neck fracture
Authors: Bülow E. , Cnudde P. , Rogmark C. , Rolfson O. , Nemes S.
Published: January 2019

Aims

Our aim was to examine the Elixhauser and Charlson comorbidity indices, based on administrative data available before surgery, and to establish their predictive value for mortality for patients who underwent hip arthroplasty in the management of a femoral neck fracture.

Patients and Methods

We analyzed data from 42 354 patients from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register between 2005 and 2012. Only the first operated hip was included for patients with bilateral arthroplasty. We obtained comorbidity data by linkage from the Swedish National Patient Register, as well as death dates from the national population register. We used univariable Cox regression models to predict mortality based on the comorbidity indices, as well as multivariable regression with age and gender. Predictive power was evaluated by a concordance index, ranging from 0.5 to 1 (with the higher value being the better predictive power). A concordance index less than 0.7 was considered poor. We used bootstrapping for internal validation of the results.

Results

The predictive power of mortality was poor for both the Elixhauser and Charlson comorbidity indices (concordance indices less than 0.7). The Charlson Comorbidity Index was superior to Elixhauser, and a model with age and gender was superior to both indices.

Conclusion

Preoperative comorbidity from administrative data did not predict mortality for patients with a hip fracture treated by arthroplasty. This was true even if association on group level existed.
Aspectos da argumentação e da recategorização metafórica no gênero sermão oral
Authors: Da Rocha Max Silva , Oliveira Santos Maria Francisca
Published: January 2019

Os estudos da referenciação apresentam uma nova proposta teórica de analisar como um mesmo objeto de discurso (referente) é representado na mente dos interlocutores por meio de um texto. Essa representação é de ordem sociocognitiva e, por isso, requer um conhecimento de mecanismos cognitivos adquiridos e construídos nas relações sociais. Diante disso, esse trabalho objetiva realizar uma análise acerca da argumentação e da recategorização metafórica no gênero Sermão oral, procurando compreender como um mesmo referente, construto fundamental para a produção dos sentidos, evolui durante o texto oral. Por argumentação, compreendem-se as tentativas de convencer e persuadir o outro no plano das emoções; por recategorização, entende-se um contínuo processo cognitivo-discursivo de transformação dos referentes ao longo de um texto oral ou escrito; por Sermão oral, entende-se um discurso religioso, que tem como objetivo persuadir os ouvintes a respeito de uma determinada ideologia. O trabalho apoia-se nos pressupostos da Linguística Textual, numa vertente sociocognitivo-discursiva, que trata o texto como um processo de múltiplas faces. Por isso, embasa-se nos referenciais teóricos de Custódio Filho (2011, 2012, 2017), Cavalcante, Custódio Filho e Brito (2014), Fiorin (2017), Marcuschi (2008), Mondada e Dubois (1995), Koch (2004, 2017), Lima (2007), Silva (2013), entre outros. Para realizar as análises, optou-se por um Sermão oral, a fim de identificar os usos dos argumentos, além de verificar como um mesmo referente é apresentado e recategorizado metaforicamente durante a celebração religiosa cristã. O foco da análise é o domínio religioso cristão, mais precisamente, um Sermão oral, proferido por um informante de uma denominação cristã, localizada no agreste alagoano. As análises puderam evidenciar que um mesmo referente sofreu transformações ao decorrer da argumentação. Além disso, percebeu-se que a recategorização metafórica, enquanto construção dinâmica apresentou-se no plano do discurso de maneira crescente e decrescente para a construção do sentido.
O VOCABULÁRIO REGIONAL DO ESCRITOR ARIANO SUASSUNA NA OBRA FARSA DA BOA PREGUIÇA
Authors: Oliveira Uelida Dantas de , Aragão Maria Do Socorro Silva de
Published: January 2019

Nesta pesquisa apresentamos um estudo léxico-semântico das expressões regionais que fazem parte da linguagem usada pelo escritor Ariano Suassuna. Objetivamos analisar as escolhas lexicais do autor na obra Farsa da Boa Preguiça (2014), com a intenção de elaborar um vocabulário, no qual explanamos as expressões selecionadas na obra, suas definições conforme confirmam os dicionários de língua portuguesa e os dicionários de expressões regionais nordestinos. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo usaremos como fundamentação teórica o léxico e suas ciências, visando o auxílio na elaboração do vocabulário e   refletindo a respeito do falar regional, considerando que a linguagem utilizada por Ariano Suassuna é um reflexo da interação entre sociedade e cultura. Sendo assim, a apresentação do conteúdo lexical  presente na obra  por meio de um vocabulário torna possível a compreensão da relação sociedade e cultura que transfere para a linguagem do indivíduo o reflexo da sua influência.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer: From Discovery to Clinical Utility
Authors: Pantel Klaus , Hille Claudia , Scher Howard I
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Prostate cancer represents the most common non–skin cancer type in men. Unmet needs include understanding prognosis to determine when intervention is needed and what type, prediction to guide the choice of a systemic therapy, and response indicators to determine whether a treatment is working. Over the past decade, the “liquid biopsy,” characterized by the analysis of tumor cells and tumor cell products such as cell-free nucleic acids (DNA, microRNA) or extracellular vesicles circulating in the blood of cancer patients, has received considerable attention.

CONTENT

Among those biomarkers, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been most intensively analyzed in prostate cancer. Here we discuss recent studies on the enumeration and characterization of CTCs in peripheral blood and how this information can be used to develop biomarkers for each of these clinical contexts. We focus on clinical applications in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, in whom CTCs are more often detected and at higher numbers, and clinical validation for different contexts of use is most mature.

The overall goal of CTC-based liquid biopsy testing is to better inform medical decision-making so that patient outcomes are improved.
Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormones on Lipid, Metabolic, and Cardiac Surrogate Blood Markers in Transgender Persons
Authors: Defreyne Justine , Van de Bruaene Laurens D L , Rietzschel Ernst , Van Schuylenbergh Judith , T'Sjoen Guy G R
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Gender-affirming hormonal therapy consists of testosterone in transgender men and estrogens and antiandrogens in transgender women. Research has concluded that gender-affirming therapy generally leads to high satisfaction rates, increased quality of life, and higher psychological well-being. However, given the higher incidence of cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality in cisgender men compared with cisgender women, concerns about the cardiometabolic risk of androgen therapy have been raised.

CONTENT

A literature research was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, searching for relevant articles on the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on cardiometabolic risk and thrombosis. After screening 734 abstracts, 77 full text articles were retained, of which 11 were review articles.

Studies describing a higher risk for cardiometabolic and thromboembolic morbidity and/or mortality in transgender women (but not transgender men) mainly covered data on transgender women using the now obsolete ethinyl estradiol and, therefore, are no longer valid. Currently, most of the available literature on transgender people adhering to standard treatment regimens consists of retrospective cohort studies of insufficient follow-up duration. When assessing markers of cardiometabolic disease, the available literature is inconclusive, which may be ascribed to relatively short follow-up duration and small sample size. The importance of ongoing large-scale prospective studies/registries and of optimal management of conventional risk factors cannot be overemphasized.
Venous Thrombotic Risk in Transgender Women Undergoing Estrogen Therapy: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Khan Jenna , Schmidt Robert L , Spittal Matthew J , Goldstein Zil , Smock Kristi J , Greene Dina N
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Transgender women are female individuals who were recorded men at birth based on natal sex. Supporting a person's gender identity improves their psychological health, and gender-affirming hormones reduce gender dysphoria and benefit mental health. For transgender women, estrogen administration has clinically significant benefits. Previous reviews have reported conflicting literature on the thrombotic risk of estrogen therapy in transgender women and have highlighted the need for more high-quality research.

CONTENT

To help address the gap in understanding thrombotic risk in transgender women receiving estrogen therapy, we performed a systematic literature review and metaanalysis. Two evaluators independently assessed quality using the Ottawa Scale for Cohort Studies. The Poisson normal model was used to estimate the study-specific incidence rates and the pooled incidence rate. Heterogeneity was measured using Higgins I2 statistic. The overall estimate of the incidence rate was 2.3 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 0.8–6.9). The heterogeneity was significant (I2 = 74%; P = 0.0039).

Our study estimated the incidence rate of venous thromboembolism in transgender women prescribed estrogen to be 2.3 per 1000 person-years, but because of heterogeneity this estimate cannot be reliably applied to transgender women as a group. There are insufficient data in the literature to partition by subgroup for subgroup prohibiting the analysis to control for tobacco use, age, and obesity, which is a major limitation. Additional studies of current estrogen formulations, modes of administration, and combination therapies, as well as studies in the aging transgender population, are needed to confirm thrombotic risk and clarify optimal therapy regimens.
STUDI ETNOBOTANI TIGA PASAR TRADISIONAL DI KABUPATEN TABANAN BALI
Authors: Sujarwo Wawan , Lugrayasa I Nyoman , Kuswantoro Farid
Published: January 2019

The trade process makes traditional market able to become a pool of traditional knowledge for various local wisdoms that develop in the local community, including the use of plants. This study aims to document the traditional uses of plant species traded in three traditional markets in Tabanan regency. Data collection was carried out by semi-structured interview toward 64 traders of Baturiti, Marga, and Tabanan traditional markets, respectively. Data analysis was performed quantitatively by calculating the use value index, and some ecological indices, such as diversity index, margalef index, pielou index, sørensen index, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Qualitative analysis was also used to tabulate and presented the data into tables and figures. The study documented 52 plant species belonging to 48 genera and 30 families. Herbs are the most widely used habitus, and Zingiberaceae is the most widely used plant family. The most widely used use-category is condiments, and Cocos nucifera is a plant species with the highest use-value. The study also showed a highly plant diversity, which is traded in each market, with slightly different similarities. Cluster analysis and PCA showed that there is a little difference in plants species traded in three traditional markets. Differences in altitude may affect the diversity of plant species traded, including the buyer's preference (community).
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI KAPANG ENDOFIT ASAL AKAR TANAMAN KUNYIT (Curcuma longa) SEBAGAI ANTIMALARIA
Authors: Septiana Eris , Rachman Fauzy , Lekatompessy Sylvia J.R. , Sukiman Harmastini I. , Simanjuntak Partomuan
Published: January 2019

Malaria is still the leading cause of death worldwide with nearly half the world's population at risk. Parasitic resistance to existing antimalarial drugs in the market makes the search for a source of new drugs from nature is very important. Therefore, the aims of this study are to determine in vitro antimalarial activity of endophytic fungi extract from turmeric root and to identify the selected isolate molecularly. Heme polymerization inhibition method was used as in vitro antimalarial assay. The selected isolate was thrn identified using ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S sequences of rDNA. The result of this study obtained 16 isolates of endophytic fungi from root of turmeric plant with isolate code were of K.Cl.Sb.A1 - K.Cl.Sb.A16. All of the ethyl acetate extracts of isolated endophytic fungi have heme polymerization inhibition activity. K.Cl.Sb.A11 was the most active isolate on heme polymerization inhibition test with 94,31% at concentration of test material at 8 mg/mL and IC50 value at 1.84 mg/mL. Molecular analysis showed that K.Cl.Sb.A11 isolate was Penicillium sp. and potentially developed as an antimalarial drug.
DIVERSITAS FLORISTIK DAN STRUKTUR VEGETASI DI HUTAN GUNUNG PAYUNG, TAMAN NASIONAL UJUNG KULON
Authors: Purwaningsih Purwaningsih , Atikah Tika D.
Published: January 2019

A floristic diversity and vegetation forest structure was carried out on the Mount Payung, Ujung Kulon National Park. The objective was to floristic composition and structure of the forest located at the peninsula of Ujung Kulon, Banten. The study was conducted using the quadrat method by establishing plots of 5000 m2 each at two locations Pasir Ipis and Gunung Keneng, thus the total area sampled was 1 ha. They were Plot Pasir Ipis and Plot Gunung Keneng. A total of 1898 trees comprising 105 species of 74 genera and 43 families were recorded. The number of species at Pasir Ipis higher (90 species) than plot Gn Keneng (61 species). Based on calculation the important value indexes (IVI), there were some dominan species with IVI >10 at Pasir Ipis Neesia altissima (IV=21,55), Barringtonia racemosa (17,89), Payena acuminata (13,35) and Neonauclea lanceolata (12,37). The dominated species at Plot Gn Kendeng were Pseuduvaria reticulata (IV= 34,30), Dillenia excelsa (27,62), Lagerstroemia speciosa (20,89), Popowia pisocarpa (17,57). The structure of forest could be inferred from the diameter and height of trees. The diameter measurements showed that 75,57 % of trees in plot Pasir Ipis and 80,51 % in plot Gunung Kendeng consist of small individuals with diameters between 10-20 cm. Trees with large diameters of >100 cm occurred in two plots among them Barringtonia racemosa, Polyalthia lateriflora, Popowia pisocarpa, Artocarpus elasticus. The presence of large numbers of small trees and lesser numbers of trees with large diameters in a forest stand indicated that the stand was regenerating after heavy disturbance. The presence of the majority of trees with height of < 20 m (99 %) further confirmed the forest’s dynamic status.
PENGUNGKAPAN DIRI DAN KEPUASAN PERNIKAHAN PADA INDIVIDU YANG MENIKAH MELALUI PROSES TA’ARUF
Authors: Sakinah Fitri , Kinanth Melok Roro
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of self disclosure toward marital satisfaction among individuals who married through ta'aruf process. Using the quantitative approach and associative design, the data in this study were collected from 88 participants through The Self-Disclosure Scale (Billetter, 2002) and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (Fowers and Olson, 1993). Data were analyzed by simple regression analysis and revealed that the contribution of self disclosure to maritalsatisfaction were 8,7%. This research explores the way of self-disclosure in order to help individuals to achieve a satisfying marriage life.Keywords: Self Disclosure, Marital Satisfaction, Ta’aruf.
EFEKTIVITAS PELATIHAN MEDITASI PERNAFASAN DALAM MENURUNKAN TINGKAT STRES PADA PENDUKUNG SEBAYA ODHA
Authors: Fendina Fella , Nashori Fuad , Sulistyarini Indahria
Published: January 2019

Stress is particularly at risk for physical condition, psychological, and productivity of ODHA's peer support. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of breathing meditation training to reduce stress level on ODHA's peer support. The research was conducted at Yogyakarta X foundation on 14 peer supporters which divided into two groups, namely group of experimental and group of control. This research used Quasi Experimental Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Research data will be analyzed using ANAVA MIX statistical technique. The result showed there was a significant differentiation between the experimental group and the control group. From this research also known that the Effect Size of breathing meditation training on stress decrease equal to 64%. Thus it can be stated that breathing meditation training is effective in reducing stress on peer support of ODHA. Keywords : Stress, Breathing Meditation, Peer Support of ODHA
EVALUATION AND FREQUENCY OF KELL ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGEN IN BLOOD DONORS OF REGIONAL BLOOD CENTER OF PASSO FUNDO, BRAZIL
Authors: Baldasso Danury Dal Piva , Mandelli Jéssica Zolim Andreatto , Ehrhardt Anelise , Boehm Renata Eliane , Ehrhardt Alexandre
Published: January 2019

The aim of this research was verify the frequency of erythrocyte antigen K1 in the population of donors who had their blood phenotyped at Regional Blood Center of Passo Fundo (RS). This descriptive study of documental approach was conduct through retrospective evaluation of record spreadsheets for all donors phenotyped during the period of July 2010 to June 2015. An absolute verification was done, comparing the number of donors without the expressed antigen KELL and the number of donors who had this antigen on the erythrocyte membrane. From 1,163 phenotyped donors, 80 (7%) showed antigen expression in the erythrocyte membrane, being lower number than reported in the literature. Despite the percentage found for the K1 expression be lower than is described by other authors, the antigen must be identified because its immunogenicity has great clinical relevance and may result in transfusion complications.
COLECALCIFEROL: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DE PRODUTOS MANIPULADOS E INDUSTRIALIZADOS
Authors: Chagas Stephanye Carolyne Christino , Ferrucci Maria Amélia Paiva , Carvalho Julia Celly de Morais , Souza Asley Thalia Medeiros , De Santana Davi Pereira , Leal Leila Bastos
Published: January 2019

Profissionais de saúde tem prescrito cada vez mais vitamina D, visto que sua deficiência representa um problema de saúde coletiva mundial. Adicionalmente, indivíduos têm utilizado esta substância para outros fins além daqueles ligados ao metabolismo mineral, apesar da escassez de dados científicos sobre seu papel na prevenção de outras doenças. Este trabalho analisou a prescrição, manipulação e uso do colecalciferol em apresentações magistrais e comerciais nacionais. Farmácias magistrais de Recife, PE informaram as formas farmacêuticas manipuladas contendo colecalciferol para administração oral; consultas eletrônicas ao site da Anvisa e ao software INTUITIVE®, utilizado pela Farmácia Escola Carlos Drummond de Andrade (FECDA), permitiram que as apresentações comerciais/manipuladas, no período do estudo, fossem elencadas e analisadas. Foram realizadas consultas a bases de dados visando estabelecer uma análise crítica e atual diante dos achados. Foi verificada uma ampla preocupação no estabelecimento dos níveis sanguíneos adequados desta vitamina na população por parte dos profissionais de saúde habilitados, visto que 29 diferentes especialistas prescreveram colecalciferol manipulado. Também foi constatada uma maior quantidade de dosagens e formas farmacêuticas magistrais quando comparadas com as apresentações comerciais do mercado nacional. No mais, garantir que estas prescrições estejam embasadas nas necessidades de cada paciente, requer exames sanguíneos e utilização de guias reconhecidos, o que, associado ao acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico, poderá contribuir para o sucesso terapêutico.
ESTUDO FARMACOTERAPÊUTICO, EPIDEMIOLÓGICO E IMPACTO ECONÔMICO DA ASMA EM UNIDADES DE SAÚDE BRASILEIRAS: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Melo Cícero Erison dos Santos Espíndola , Barros Gabriel Romero Melo do Rêgo , Silva Lucas Vinícius Rodrigues de Alcântara , Neves Ana Cláudia Florêncio , Santos Rosiel José dos
Published: January 2019

A asma é uma doença multifatorial que atinge todas as idades principalmente nos primeiros anos de vida, impactando a saúde e sobrecarregando o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os medicamentos para essa doença são distribuídos pelo serviço público por meio do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF). O farmacêutico surge nesse âmbito para identificar, prevenir e solucionar os problemas relacionados ao medicamento. O objetivo desse trabalho foi evidenciar as características epidemiológicas e fisiopatológicas da asma, relatando os principais tratamentos e atuação da assistência farmacêutica. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão narrativa, utilizando as bases de dados SciELO, ScienceDirect, PubMed e Google Acadêmico, onde foi realizada a busca ativa de artigos originais, no período de 2007 a 2017. Além disso, foi feito um levantamento no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS relativo ao quantitativo de internações e custos frente a esses pacientes. A asma é uma doença crônica e inflamatória, prevalente em mulheres (50,74%) e faixa etária de 0–9 anos de idade (52,45%), sendo as regiões Nordeste e Norte as que apresentam maior número de óbitos. A farmacoterapia mais utilizada no tratamento da asma é a associação de corticoides inalatórios (CI) com β2-agonistas de ação prolongada, representados, principalmente, por formoterol e budesonida. Foi possível verificar neste estudo que o farmacêutico, no cenário da asma, tem papel importante no acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico contribuindo para uma melhor qualidade de vida desses pacientes.
A Black Feminist Statement
Authors: Combahee River Collective -
Published: January 2019

The most general statement of our politics at the present time would be that we are actively committed to struggling against racial, sexual, heterosexual, and class oppression and see as our particular task the development of integrated analysis and practice based upon the fact that the major systems of oppression are interlocking. The synthesis of these oppressions creates the conditions of our lives.
The Green Economy in Market-Oriented Countries: The Case of Kazakhstan
Authors: NURGALIYEVA Kuralay Orazgalievna , AMIROVA Ainur Uyizbaevna , NURTAZINOVA Akbayan Serikovna
Published: January 2019

A social market economy is predicated on the principle that sustainable development is possible only if there is a solid focus on key economic, social, and environmental issues. The purpose of the research reported in this paper is to explore the outcomes of market reforms related to the shift to a green economy in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The findings from the authors’ study indicate that today the Kazakh economy is one of the world’s most energy-intensive economies, which is due to the use of outmoded infrastructure, technology, and standards, most of which were inherited from as early as the Soviet period. As a result of its market reforms, Kazakhstan has experienced tangible economic growth, but the nation’s environmental indicators remain a serious concern in relation to the health of its citizens. In the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), Kazakhstan has fallen far behind not only most developed market-oriented countries but some of the developing nations that used to be part of the former Soviet Union as well, like Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Turkmenistan, and others.

To galvanize the process of shifting to a “green” economy in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it may help to implement some of the new instruments that have been employed as part of environmental policy in certain market-oriented countries and have proven to be efficient. These instruments and approaches include environmental taxes and levies, permit trading systems, deposit return systems, environmentally motivated subsidies, and organizations and enterprises displaying a willing, voluntary attitude toward improving their environmental performance.
Man and the Arctic Environment: Parameters of Reciprocal Influence
Authors: BELONOZHKO Marina L. , BARBAKOV Oleg M. , GABISHEVA Lyudmila K.
Published: January 2019

The paper deals with the analysis of specific parameters of reciprocal influence between man and the Arctic environment, the formulation of the theoretic provisions, as well as the development of the scientific conclusions regarding the definition of the perspectives and peculiarities of the Arctic Region environmental development under conditions of globalization and the world environmental crisis. As the results of the conducted research, the authors revealed and generalized the scientific approaches towards the definition of the legal status of the Arctic; stated the legal contents and the meaning of the basic environmental standards and programs of the international legislation regarding the Arctic Region; considered the spheres of influence of the states on the Arctic territory and on the environmental situation of this region in general; characterized the environmental conditions for living of the Arctic population; and defined the nature of the adverse anthropogenic effect on the environment of the investigated region. The analysis of the literature helped to formulate the theoretical conclusions, to develop the practical recommendations and to forecast the long-run perspectives and peculiarities of the Arctic environmental development. It is substantiated that the reciprocal influence between man and the environment in the territory of the Arctic Region moves towards a qualitatively new stage, which forces the states to adopt the strategical decisions in the sphere of the reclamation of the Arctic Region only considering the preservation of the ecosystem, provision of the proper living quality of the Arctic population, as well as the environmentalization of all the kinds of economic activities in the region. The paper contains the scientific substantiation and proposes the development of the Concept of Sustainable Development and Preservation of the Ecosystem for the Arctic Region, which will also include the monitoring system for the condition of the Arctic.
The co-distribution of Arctic cod and its seabird predators across the marginal ice zone in Baffin Bay
Authors: LeBlanc Mathieu , Gauthier Stéphane , Garbus Svend Erik , Mosbech Anders , Fortier Louis
Published: January 2019

Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) is the dominant pelagic fish in Arctic seas and a staple food of many arctic predators including several seabird species. Marginal ice zones are known as important feeding locations for seabirds. The hypothesis that thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia), northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) and black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) congregate in areas of high Arctic cod food resource and low ice concentration was tested at different spatial scales. Arctic cod biomass was estimated by hydroacoustics as a resource proxy, and seabirds were counted and sampled for stomach analysis along eight longitudinal transects across the marginal ice zone in southern Baffin Bay in June–July 2016. With increasing length, the epipelagic age-0 Arctic cod migrated from open waters to ice-covered areas. Subsequently, age-1 and age-2 Arctic cod tended to concentrate in a subsurface layer (40–100 m) within the epipelagic layer. Arctic cod 5.7–16.1 cm long (late age-0 to age-5) were the main fish prey of the three seabird species, which preferentially captured age-1 cod (6–11.5 cm). At large spatial scale (western versus eastern Baffin Bay), thick-billed murre, northern fulmar and their Arctic cod resource proxy were generally more abundant on the western ice-covered side of Baffin Bay. No clear spatial match was found, however, when comparing seabird abundances and their food-resource proxy in different ice concentrations across the marginal ice zone or at small scale (5 km). At medium scale (12.5 km), only murre density was influenced positively by its Arctic cod resource. A lack of schooling behavior and a successful strategy to avoid predation by hiding under the ice could explain the absence of any strong spatial match between Arctic cod and its seabird predators at these different scales.
Anthropocene and streamflow: Long-term perspective of streamflow variability and water rights
Authors: Barría Pilar , Rojas Maisa , Moraga Pilar , Muñoz Ariel , Bozkurt Deniz , Alvarez-Garreton Camila
Published: January 2019

Since 1981, water allocation in Chile has been based on a water use rights (WURs) market, with limited regulatory and supervisory mechanisms. The volume to be granted as permanent and eventual WURs is calculated from streamflow records, if stream gauge data are available, or from hydrologic parameter transfer from gauged to ungauged catchments, usually with less than 50 years of record. To test the performance of this allocation system, while analyzing the long-term natural variability in water resources, we investigated a 400 year-long (1590–2015) tree-ring reconstruction of runoff and historical water rights for Perquilauquén at Quella catchment, a tributary to the Maule River in Central Chile (35°S–36°30S). Furthermore, we assess how the current legislation would perform under a projected climate scenario, based on historical climate simulations of runoff calibrated against observed data, and future projections. Our analyses indicate that the allocation methodology currently applied by the Water Authority in Chile is very sensitive to the time window of data used, which leads to an underestimation of variability and long-term trends. According to the WURs database provided by the Chilean Water Directorate, WURs at Perquilauquén at Quella are already over-allocated. Considering regional climate projections, this condition will be exacerbated in the future. Furthermore, serious problems regarding the access and quality of information on already-granted WURs and actual water usage have been diagnosed, which further encumber environmental strategies to deal with and adapt to climate change. We emphasize the urgent need for a review and revision of current water allocation methodologies and water law in Chile, which are not concordant with the dynamics and non-stationarity of hydrological processes. Water scarcity and water governance are two of the key issues to be faced by Chile in the Anthropocene.
Methane emissions from contrasting production regions within Alberta, Canada: Implications under incoming federal methane regulations
Authors: O’Connell Elizabeth , Risk David , Atherton Emmaline , Bourlon Evelise , Fougère Chelsea , Baillie Jennifer , Lowry David , Johnson Jacob
Published: January 2019

Aggressive reductions of oil and gas sector methane, a potent greenhouse gas, have been proposed in Canada. Few large-scale measurement studies have been conducted to confirm a baseline. This study used a vehicle-based gas monitoring system to measure fugitive and vented gas emissions across Lloydminster (heavy oil), Peace River (heavy oil/bitumen), and Medicine Hat (conventional gas) developments in Alberta, Canada. Four gases (CO2, CH4, H2S, C2H6), and isotopic δ13CCH4 were recorded in real-time at 1 Hz over a six-week field campaign. We sampled 1,299 well pads, containing 2,670 unique wells and facilities, in triplicate. Geochemical emission signatures of fossil fuel-sourced plumes were identified and attributed to nearby, upwind oil and gas well pads, and a point-source gaussian plume dispersion model was used to quantify emissions rates. Our analysis focused exclusively on well pads where emissions were detected >50% of the time when sampled downwind. Emission occurrences and rates were highest in Lloydminster, where 40.8% of sampled well pads were estimated to be emitting methane-rich gas above our minimum detection limits (m = 9.73 m3d–1). Of the well pads we found to be persistently emitting in Lloydminster, an estimated 40.2% (95% CI: 32.2%–49.4%) emitted above the venting threshold in which emissions mitigation under federal regulations would be required. As a result of measured emissions being larger than those reported in government inventories, this study suggests government estimates of infrastructure affected by incoming regulations may be conservative. Comparing emission intensities with available Canadian-based research suggests good general agreement between studies, regardless of the measurement methodology used for detection and quantification. This study also demonstrates the effectiveness in applying a gaussian dispersion model to continuous mobile-sourced emissions data as a first-order leak detection and repair screening methodology for meeting regulatory compliance.
Potential of Chemolitotrophic Bacteria From Gold Mining Area in Sulfur Oxidation Process
Authors: Fitriyani Nur Lu'lu , Irianto Agus , Pramono Hendro
Published: January 2019

Gold in nature is covered by rocks which contain sulfide minerals such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and others sulfide minerals. Chemolithotrophic bacteria have the ability to oxidize the sulfur compounds and can be used in the process of releasing gold from carrier rocks which contain sulfide minerals. This research aimed to explore and identify the chemolithotrophic bacteria from gold mining areas as well as determine their potential for sulfur oxidation. The methods used in this study were exploring the potential of bacteria in sulfur oxidation and describing the variety of bacteria that were isolated from gold mining areas by 16s rRNA identification. The results showed that there were six isolates from isolation with Starkey solid medium, i.e. Bl-1, B1-2, B1-3, B1-4, B1-5 and B1-6 that were similar to Paenibacillus sp., Enterobacter ludwigiis train E8-13, uncultured Burkholderia sp., Uncultured bacterium clone N4.5, Bacillus subtilis strain CICC 10023, and Bacterium enrichment culture clone 02 respectively. The B1-3 isolate showed the highest increase of sulfate compound in the medium (8.04 % at 649.55 ppm). This indigenous bacteria will be able to be used to release gold from rock which contains sulfide minerals and reduce the use of hazardous chemicals commonly used in gold mining.
Molecular Characterization of Zinc (Zn) Resistant Bacteria in Banger River, Pekalongan, Indonesia
Authors: Sasi Fitri Arum , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti , Budiharjo Anto
Published: January 2019

Indigenous bacteria are able to remove the metals contamination in environment. This study aimed to assess the resistance of bacterial species to Zinc (Zn) in Banger River, Pekalongan City. The bacteria from three different parts of Banger River were isolated and inoculated in Zn-selective medium. Then, molecular identification to determine the bacteria species was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by applying forward-reverse 16SrRNA gene primers. The sequences analysis was conducted using MUSCLE and MEGA6. There were seven dominant species that possibly resistant to Zn. Approximately, every isolate could reach more than 95 % from 2000 ppm of Zn in the medium. The higher absorption of Zn was found in Z5 isolate. The seven bacteria species were clustered into nine genera i.e. Klebsiela, Xenorhabdus, Cronobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Shigella and Sporomusa known as Gram Negative bacteria and Clostridium and Bacillus as Gram Positive bacteria. In Gram Positive bacteria, especially Bacillus sp, carboxyl group in peptidoglycan play a role as metal binder. In Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is highly anionic component on the outer membrane, able to catch the Zn. Besides that, Enterobacter activates endogen antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The research found there was possible seven novel indigenous bacteria species in Banger that able to remove Zn from the sediment extremely. This finding can be developed as an eco-friendly approach to reduce metals pollution using local microorganisms.
Enhancing Students’ Logical-Thinking Ability in Natural Science Learning with Generative Learning Model
Authors: Riyanti Henni , Suciati Suciati , Karyanto Puguh
Published: January 2019

The logical-thinking ability is one of the important competencies of 21st century that should be empowered. It is one of the aspects in a cognitive science domain that has not been implemented effectively in teaching and learning in the class. Then, this study aimed to analyzed the influence of generative learning model to enhance students' logical-thinking ability. This study was also conducted by using a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The sample was chosen by using simple random sampling technique. This study involved two classes which had 67 participants consisting of 34 students in Class VIII.9 as an experimental group and 33 students in Class VIII.7 as a control group. The researcher used the instrument of logical-thinking ability formulated in the form of multiple choice tests with five alternative answers that had been tested for its validity and reliability. The analysis of data employed t-test using SPSS 21. The result indicated that the t-count > t-table (2.44 > 1.99) and p-value = 0.017 (p <0.05). It could be concluded that the application of generative learning model resulted in a significant influence on students' logical-thinking ability. The result of the analysis could be used by the schools for evaluating the quality of natural science learning in order to encourage students’ logical-thinking ability.
Rituximab treatment for isolated IgG4-related hypophysitis in a teenage female
Authors: Bullock Danielle R , Miller Bradley S , Clark H Brent , Hobday Patricia M
Published: January 2019

IgG4-related hypophysitis is an important diagnostic consideration in patients with a pituitary mass or pituitary dysfunction and can initially present with headaches, visual field deficits and/or endocrine dysfunction. Isolated IgG4-related pituitary disease is rare, with most cases of IgG4-related disease involving additional organ systems. We report the case of a teenage female patient with isolated IgG4-related hypophysitis, diagnosed after initially presenting with headaches. Our patient had no presenting endocrinologic abnormalities. She was treated with surgical resection, prednisolone and rituximab with no further progression of disease and sustained normal endocrine function. This case, the youngest described patient with isolated IgG4-related hypophysitis and uniquely lacking endocrinologic abnormalities, adds to the limited reports of isolated pituitary disease. The use of rituximab for isolated pituitary disease has never been described. While IgG4-related hypophysitis has been increasingly recognized, substantial evidence concerning the appropriate treatment and follow-up of these patients is largely lacking.

Learning points:

IgG4-related hypophysitis most often occurs in the setting of additional organ involvement but can be an isolated finding. This diagnosis should therefore be considered in a patient presenting with pituitary abnormalities.

Most patients with IgG4-related hypophysitis will have abnormal pituitary function, but normal functioning does not exclude this diagnosis.

Corticosteroids have been the mainstay of therapy for IgG4-related disease, with other immunosuppressive regimens being reserved for refractory cases. Further research is needed to understand the effectiveness of corticosteroid-sparing regimens and whether there is utility in using these agents as first-line therapies.
Screening for hypovitaminosis D: cost-effective or not?
Authors: Minisola Salvatore , Colangelo Luciano , Cipriani Cristiana , Pepe Jessica , Cook Dana Paulina , Mathieu Chantal
Published: January 2019

Few topics have elicited more emotion than the issue of screening for vitamin D status and the discussion on the need for global supplementation with vitamin D metabolites. The importance of the problem is highlighted by the USPSTF posted draft research plan with the aim of making an update recommendations statement, possibly next year. Here, we discuss two different viewpoints on screening for vitamin D status: for and against. In the literature there are scientifically sound opinions supporting pro and cons positions. However, we believe that the best way to definitively elucidate this issue is the implementation of a randomized controlled trial evaluating clinical outcomes or harms in persons screened versus those not screened for vitamin D deficiency. The feasibility of such a trial is probably questionable owing to uncertainties still present concerning threshold for vitamin D sufficiency and end points (that is, for example, improved bone mineral density, reduced risk of falls and so on) to be reached.
Emerging role of testosterone in pancreatic β cell function and insulin secretion
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Morford Jamie , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck
Published: January 2019

One of the most sexually dimorphic aspects of metabolic regulation is the bidirectional modulation of glucose homeostasis by testosterone in male and females. Severe testosterone deficiency predisposes men to type 2 diabetes (T2D), while in contrast, androgen excess predisposes women to hyperglycemia. The role of androgen deficiency and excess in promoting visceral obesity and insulin resistance in men and women respectively is well established. However, although it is established that hyperglycemia requires β cell dysfunction to develop, the role of testosterone in β cell function is less understood. This review discusses recent evidence that the androgen receptor (AR) is present in male and female β cells. In males, testosterone action on AR in β cells enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by potentiating the insulinotropic action of glucagon-like peptide-1. In females, excess testosterone action via AR in β cells promotes insulin hypersecretion leading to oxidative injury, which in turn predisposes to T2D.
In vitro and in vivo mouse follicle development in ovaries and reaggregated ovaries
Authors: Lo Belinda K M , Sheikh Sairah , Williams Suzannah A
Published: January 2019

Follicle development requires complex and coordinated interactions between both the oocyte and its associated somatic cells. In ovarian dysfunction, follicle development may be abnormal due to defective somatic cell function; for example, premature ovarian insufficiency or malignancies. Replacing defective somatic cells, using the reaggregated ovary (RO) technique, may ‘rescue’ follicle development. ROs containing mature follicles have been generated when transplanted to a host mouse to develop. We have developed a RO culture technique and the aims were to determine how follicle development differed between transplanted and cultured ROs, and the influence of ovarian age (P2 vs P6). Mouse ROs were cultured for 14 days; P2 and P6 ovaries cultured as Controls. Follicle development was compared to ROs transplanted for 14 days and ovaries from P16 and P20 mice. ROs generated from either P2 or P6 exhibited similar follicle development in culture whereas in vivo follicle development was more advanced in P6 ROs. Follicles were more developed in cultured ROs than transplanted ROs. However, follicles in cultured ROs and ovaries had smaller oocytes with fewer theca and granulosa cells than in vivo counterparts. Our results demonstrate the fluidity of follicle development despite ovary dissociation and that environment is more important to basal lamina formation and theca cell development. Furthermore, follicle development within cultured ROs appears to be independent of oocyte nest breakdown and primordial follicle formation in source ovaries. Our results highlight the need for understanding follicle development in vitro, particularly in the development of the RO technique as a potential fertility treatment.
De las Proporciones Áureas, las Matemáticas y la Cuarta dimensión en el cubismo de los años diez
Authors: Atencia Conde-Pumpido Belén
Published: January 2019

Durante la gestación del cubismo, un grupo de artistas conformaron lo que comúnmente se conoce como el grupo Puteaux y que estudiaba el nuevo arte bajo el prisma matemático de las proporciones áureas y la cuarta dimensión. El estallido de la guerra parece disolver a la mayoría de los integrantes del grupo, que sin embrago vuelven a encontrarse en el seno de una nueva galería, junto a nuevos artistas. Las discusiones entre ellos sobre estas problemáticas nos desvelan la importancia que todas ellas habían tenido y continuaban teniendo en la obra de cada uno de ellos.
Tourism and Empire: an Invitation to Colonial Travel
Authors: Castro Maria João
Published: January 2019

One of the most compelling topics in the history of contemporary art today has to do with the empire-tourism binomial. Both are closely interconnected since colonisation was a driving force that led to a new mobility. Initially, the voyages of the Discoveries were restricted to conquest, missionisation and trade, but from the 19th century on travelling to the colonies became a political, social, cultural and artistic imperative. In fact, after the end of the 19th century, European imperial policy encouraged travel to the overseas possessions not only to (re)define their territory geographically but primarily as a reflection of the emerging European nationalisms, turning travel into a privileged means for legitimating the overseas provinces and for spreading propaganda about them. This meant that colonial tourism developed on various levels and on various fronts, promoting an overseas holiday experience that became a civilisational datum and a measure of contemporary culture.