bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liposome Characterization, Applications and Regulatory landscape in US
Authors: Kumar Amit , Gupta Madhu , Braya Simran
Published: July 2021

Liposomes are lipid based drug carrier whose therapeutic performance depends on their structure. Liposomes offer several advantages over the conventional drug like target drug delivery, reduced toxicity, and extended pharmacokinetics. Characterization and Identification of critical attribute of liposomal formulation and suitable strategies for control during product development is important for quality of the liposomal drug product. This paper discusses the current status of the liposomal drug product and strategy used in regulating liposome product. Despite of lack of regulatory guidelines many liposome formulations get approved which shows the potential of liposome drug products.
COVID-19 IN MEXICO: PREPARING FOR FUTURE PANDEMICS
Authors: Loyola Benjamín Ruiz
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 onwards leaves us with an imperative lesson: we must be vigilant and ready to act once a new pandemic occurs. We must have scientific teams ready to develop basic and applied research at a rapid pace; trained and qualified medical teams to act immediately, with all personal and institutional security measures at their disposal; governments determined to put aside political differences to achieve the common welfare and a population informed about prevention measures, ready to abide by the indications of experts. We review the scientific opinions (and the lack of it) from the pandemics administrators in Mexico, in morning press conferences of the Mexican president, in evening press conferences by the pandemics manager and in written and electronic media, and we talk about how this is expected to be achieved in the short term, to avoid the many mistakes that have been done so far.
                  
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 May 2021; Revised: 15 June; Accepted: 29 June, Available online: 15 July 2021
Academic Editor:  Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. 
Received file:                Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com
Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, drmmziqbal@gmail.com
Dr. Vanina Doris Edo’o, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun, vanina_edoo@yahoo.com
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The Computer Program Development to Determine The Shares of Inheritance for Three Types of Heir
Authors: Arif Salmawaty , Muliana Rahmi , Yuni Syarifah Meurah
Published: July 2021

Abstract: This research studied an Acehnese manuscript table about inheritance distribution. The purpose of the study was to create the general rules among the heir types in the table such that its share priorities were obtained. With the existence of these priorities, the relations among the portions were known which make it was possible to develop an algorithm and the computerized table for three types of the heir. This table consists of the shares for three types of an heir from the domain of ten types of heir selected in this research. The computer program was built by first determining the more important ones between the two related shares. From the total 120 cases investigated, four cases did not follow the developed priorities. The governing table for the three types of heir is expected to be the foundation to the determination of the shares for three types of the heir.Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji isi sebuah tabel manuskrip Aceh tentang pembagian warisan sehingga didapatkan suatu ketentuan umum tentang prioritas dari bagian-bagian warisan tersebut.  Dengan adanya prioritas ini, diperoleh suatu hubungan antar bagian warisan sehingga dapat dibangun suatu algoritma untuk komputerisasi tabel bagian tiga jenis ahli waris. Tabel ini berisi bagian tiga jenis ahli waris dari sepuluh jenis ahli waris yang dipilih sebagai domain. Program komputer ini dibangun dengan menentukan bagian yang lebih diprioritaskan di antara dua bagian. Dari total 120 kasus, terdapat empat kasus yang tidak mengikuti prioritas yang telah dibangun. Hasil berupa tabel tiga jenis ahli waris ini diharapkan menjadi dasar untuk penentuan tiga jenis ahli waris dari seluruh jenis ahli waris yang berjumlah 30 tersebut.
Spatial Temporal Condition of Recent Seismicity In The Northern Part of Sumatra
Authors: Nurana Inna , Simanjuntak Andrean Vesalius Hasiholan , Umar Muksin , Kuncoro Djati Cipto , Syamsidik Syamsidik , Asnawi Yusran
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The condition of stress and recent seismicity in the seismic-prone area can be statistically analyzed with the Gutenberg-Richter relation (Log N = a-bM). We apply this relation to the hypocenter distribution for the period 1970-2020 with M ≥ 4 and depth ≤ 100 km in the northern part of Sumatra. Spatially, The results obtained a-values and b-values that figure a lateral heterogeneity and stress accumulation at the interface zone in the subduction system and the northern segmentation of the Seulimeum fault. In time, both zones illustrate a slow time-to-failure cycle and the seismic gap with high-stress accumulation in the specific clusters with high parameter values. The results of the spatial-temporal analysis illustrate that a low statistical parameter value usually precedes each major earthquake event.Abstrak: Kondisi stress dan seismisitas terkini di daerah rawan gempa dapat dianalisis secara statistik dengan hubungan Gutenberg-Richter (Log N = a-bM). Kami memakai hubungan ini pada distribusi hiposenter pada periode 1970 - 2020 dengan M ≥ 4 dan kedalaman ≤ 100 km di bagian utara Sumatera. Secara spasial, hasil yang diperoleh yaitu nilai-a dan nilai-b yang menggambarkan heterogenitas lateral dan akumulasi stress pada zona pertemuan di sistem subduksi dan segmentasi utara dari sesar Seulimeum. Secara waktu, kedua wilayah menggambarkan siklus time-to-failure yang lambat dan zona seismic-gap dengan akumulasi stress yang tinggi pada kluster tertentu dengan nilai parameter yang tinggi. Hasil analisis spasial temporal menggambarkan bahwa setiap kejadian gempa besar biasanya didahului dengan nilai parameter statistik yang rendah.
Análisis comparativo para medir la eficiencia de desempeño entre una aplicación web tradicional y una aplicación web progresiva
Authors: Llamuca-Quinaloa Jhonatan , Vera-Vincent Yasmani , Tapia-Cerda Verónica
Published: July 2021

El desarrollo de esta investigación tuvo por objetivo comparar dos tipos de tecnología de aplicaciones web: aplicación web tradicional y aplicación web progresiva, para determinar el tipo de tecnología que tiene un mejor desempeño con respecto al atributo de calidad de rendimiento. Para este fin, primero se desarrolló una aplicación web tradicional, para luego configurarla y convertirla en una aplicación web progresiva; de esta manera se obtuvieron dos tipos de aplicaciones que permitieron medir su cualidad de rendimiento. El análisis comparativo utiliza el estándar ISO/IEC 25010 para la elección de la característica de eficiencia de desempeño (rendimiento), el estándar ISO/IEC 25040, establece un proceso de cinco actividades para evaluar cada aplicación, y el estándar ISO/IEC 25023, define las características de rendimiento con sus respectivas métricas y fórmulas. El estudio también mostró el comportamiento que tienen las aplicaciones en navegadores compatibles con trabajadores de servicio: Chrome, Firefox, Opera y Edge. Las herramientas utilizadas para medir las métricas de rendimiento fueron: page load time, load time, el administrador de tareas y las herramientas de desarrollo, todas estas integradas en los navegadores. Los resultados mostraron discrepancias en el comportamiento de las aplicaciones, pero fueron similares en métricas como: comportamiento en el tiempo y la capacidad del software. Con respecto a las métricas de utilización de recursos, la aplicación web progresiva presentó un elevado consumo. Sin embargo, esta aplicación brinda una mejor experiencia al usuario, pero el almacenamiento en caché y el soporte de los navegadores puede ser una limitante para su correcto funcionamiento.
Surgical Aortic Arch Intervention at the time of Extended Ascending Aortic Replacement is Associated with Increased Mortality
Authors: Bowdish Michael , Logsdon Daniel , Elsayed Ramsey , Mack Wendy , Abt Brittany , Fleischman Fernando , Kazerouni Kayvan , Starnes Vaughn , Cohen Robbin
Published: July 2021

Objective: To compare outcomes of hemiarch versus total arch repair
during extended ascending aortic replacement. Methods: Between 2004 and
2017, 261 patients underwent hemiarch (n=149, 57%) or total arch repair
(aortic debranching or Carrell patch technique, n=112, 43%) in the
setting of extended replacement of the ascending aorta. Median follow-up
was 17.2 (IQR 4.2–39.1) months. Multivariable models considering
preoperative and intraoperative factors associated with mortality and
aortic reintervention were constructed. Results: Survival was 89.0,
81.3, and 73.5% vs. 76.4, 69.5, and 61.7% at 1, 3, and 5 years in the
hemiarch versus total arch groups, respectively (log-rank p=0.010).
After adjustment for preoperative and intraoperative factors, the
presence of a total arch repair (adjusted HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.39 – 4.62,
p=0.003), and increasing age (adjusted HR per 10 years of age, 1.76,
95% CI 1.37 – 2.28, p<0.001) were associated with increased
mortality. The cumulative incidence of aortic reintervention with death
as a competing outcome was 2.6, 2.6, and 4.4% and 5.0, 10.3, and 11.9%
in the hemiarch and total arch groups, respectively. After adjustment,
the presence of a total arch repair was significantly associated with
need for aortic reintervention (SHR 3.21, 95% CI 1.01 – 10.2,
p=0.047). Conclusions: Overall survival after aortic arch repair in the
setting of extended ascending aortic replacement is excellent, however,
total arch repair and increasing age are associated with higher
mortality and reintervention rates. A conservative approach to aortic
arch repair can be prudent, especially in those of advanced age.
Can Infusing Servant Leadership into Supervision Mitigate Against Employee Burnout?
Authors: Mahon Daryl
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The present conceptual paper sets out to answer the question, can a model of servant leadership be infused within supervision in order to mitigate employee burnout and negative stressful experiences in the health and social care sector. Design/Approach: A brief targeted review of the literature was undertaken to assess the extent of burnout in the health and social care sectors. The supervision literature was also explored for possible gaps in effectiveness. The outcomes associated with servant leadership were distilled, focusing on employee wellbeing and how these are linked to burnout. Findings: The literature suggests that burnout and related concepts such as secondary trauma and compassion fatigue impact these professions disproportionately. At the same time, servant leadership is suggested to mitigate some of these factors. The author presents a conceptual model of servant leadership supervision consisting of an ideographic model of servant leadership, Servant Leadership Scale-28 (SLS-28), using the most recent meta-analysis defining this construct, and previously validated measures in the extant literature to inform its design. A Servant Leadership Supervision Scale (SLSS) is also presented aligning its use to several of the core characteristics of servant leadership practice. Research Implications/limitations: This conceptual model may help reduce burnout of health and social care sector employees. It is the first articulated servant leadership supervision model specifically put forward to reduce burnout in this population. Limitations are considered in light of the conceptual paper having no primary data.
Surface modification method of duplex type stainless steels by the pack boriding process
Authors: Hariharan Ramakrishnan , Rathinam Balasundaram , Neelakandan Baskar , Beemaraj Radhakrishnan , Kannan Chellamuthu
Published: July 2021

This work presents the investigation of a boriding process on two grades of
stainless steel namely UNS32750 super duplex stainless steel and UNSS31803
duplex stainless steel in order to improve material properties and possibly
to reduce catastrophic failure of industrial components. Usage of duplex
stainless steels has become customary in the fields of oil and refinery,
marine and pipeline applications due to increased corrosion resistance;
however, these materials exhibit low wear characteristics. To overcome this
problem, in this work the pack boriding process was employed. Evaluation of
effects of the boriding process on the microstructure and mechanical
properties was performed using scanning electron and optical microscopy,
Vickers hardness tests and wear tests. It was shown that the 4 h process
resulted in the greatest boriding layer thickness yielding the maximum
surface hardness of 1407 HV in the super duplex stainless steel UNS32750
while this value was 1201 HV in the duplex stainless steel UNSS31803. Wear
resistance of borided materials were up to 6-fold greater than those of non
- treated materials. Also, the borided duplex materials were shown to be
more suitable for industrial applications for valve and shaft components as
compared to the boronized super duplex stainless steel.
Glazing effect for producing environmentally friendly ceramics for cladding applications
Authors: Pavlycheva Elizaveta , Pikalov Evgeniy , Selivanov Oleg
Published: July 2021

This paper presents results of comparative studies of environmental safety of
ceramic materials, based on a low-plasticity clay with the introduction of
galvanic sludge, boric acid and titanium dioxide in 3 different
combinations. The experimental samples were manufactured under 15 MPa
pressing pressure and at the maximum firing temperature of 1050 oC. Prior to
the toxicological experiments, diurnal extracts of the materials into the
model neutral and acidic media were obtained. The toxicological safety was
determined by using the Daphnia mortality method, and by comparing the
maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals for drinking and
household water with the heavy metals? concentrations in diurnal extracts.
The presented data show that the combined introduction of all the
investigated additives results in the glazing effect of ceramic particles
surfaces so that an environmentally safe material can be produced that
exhibits sufficiently high-performance properties. The use of low-plastic
clay and electroplating sludge expands the raw material base for producing
ceramics and allows the disposal of environmentally hazardous compounds of
heavy metals contained in electroplating sludge. Ceramic materials based on
the developed charge composition can be used for producing items for
external cladding for buildings and structures.
What Happens When Managers Are Informed? Effects of Critical Audit Matter Awareness and Auditor Relationship on Managers' Accounting Estimates
Authors: Tan Hun-Tong , Yeo Feng
Published: July 2021

We examine how managers' accounting estimates are affected by whether they are informed about an impending critical audit matter (CAM) disclosure from a close or distant auditor. A close (distant) auditor is one who has a smaller (greater) social distance from the client in terms of their working relationship. We predict and find that being informed about an impending CAM by a close (distant) auditor leads to more (less) aggressive estimates than if managers are not informed. With a close auditor-client relationship, managers perceive a CAM disclosure as forewarning investors about estimate subjectivity, thus providing a moral license to report more aggressively. With a distant relationship, a CAM disclosure does not provide a moral license, but signals greater auditor scrutiny, which leads to less aggressive reporting. Our results inform regulators and standard setters about the effects of CAM on managers' reporting decisions in the presence of a close auditor-client relationship.
Increasing Insulin Pump Use Among 12- to 26-Year-Olds With Type 1 Diabetes: Results From the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative
Authors: Lyons Sarah K. , Ebekozien Osagie , Garrity Ashley , Buckingham Don , Odugbesan Ori , Thomas Sarah , Rioles Nicole , Gallagher Kathryn , Sonabend Rona Y. , Lorincz Ilona , Alonso G. Todd , Kamboj Manmohan K. , Lee Joyce M. ,   T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative Study Group
Published: July 2021

Insulin pump therapy in pediatric type 1 diabetes has been associated with better glycemic control than multiple daily injections. However, insulin pump use remains limited. This article describes an initiative from the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative aimed at increasing insulin pump use in patients aged 12–26 years with type 1 diabetes from a baseline of 45% in May 2018 to >50% by February 2020. Interventions developed by participating centers included increasing in-person and telehealth education about insulin pump technology, creating and distributing tools to assist in informed decision-making, facilitating insulin pump insurance approval and onboarding processes, and improving clinic staff knowledge about insulin pumps. These efforts yielded a 13% improvement in pump use among the five participating centers, from 45 to 58% over 22 months.
Quality Improvement in Diabetes Care: A Review of Initiatives and Outcomes in the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative
Authors: Ginnard Olivia Z.B. , Alonso G. Todd , Corathers Sarah D. , Demeterco-Berggren Carla , Golden Lauren H. , Miyazaki Brian T. , Nelson Grace , Ospelt Emma , Ebekozien Osagie , Lee Joyce M. , Obrynba Kathryn S. , DeSalvo Daniel J. ,   T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative Study Group
Published: July 2021

Despite immense strides in therapeutic advances, clinical outcomes continue to be less than ideal for people with type 1 diabetes. This discrepancy has prompted an outpouring of quality improvement (QI) initiatives to address the medical, psychosocial, and health equity challenges that complicate ideal type 1 diabetes care and outcomes. This article reviews a framework for QI in diabetes care that guided the development of the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative to improve care delivery and health outcomes in type 1 diabetes. Evaluation of the methodology, outcomes, and knowledge gained from these initiatives will highlight the importance of continued QI initiatives in diabetes care.
Isotope Signature Of The Massive Ice Bodies On The Northeast Coast Of Chukotka Peninsula
Authors: Vasil’chuk Yurij K. , Maslakov Alexey A. , Budantseva Nadine A. , Vasil’chuk Alla С. , Komova Nina N.
Published: July 2021

The massive ice (MI) bodies are widespread phenomena on Chukotka coastal plains. Although they have been studying since 1930s, stable isotope method was applied for the ice beds quite recently. In this study cryostratigraphy and stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of MI bodies on the extreme North-Eastern Chukotka (near Lavrentiya settlement and Koolen’ lake) have been studied in detail. It was concluded that studied MI bodies have intrasedimental origin and most likely are dated back to the Late Pleistocene age. Mean δ18O values range from –18.5 ‰ to –15 ‰ whereas mean δ2 H values range from –146‰ to –128 ‰ that is higher than expected for the Late Pleistocene ice bodies in this region, which most likely resulted from isotopic fractionation during freezing of water-saturated sediments in a closed system when forming ice became isotopically enriched compared with initial water. The analysis of co-isotope ratios for MI shows that initial water is mainly of meteoric origin (precipitation, water of lakes and taliks).
DIDÁTICA DO PENSAR: UMA ABORDAGEM TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICA
Authors: Turatti Gislene , Pasqualli Roberta
Published: July 2021

Compromissado com a didática do pensar e baseado nas teorias de Vasili Davydov o projeto Kinesys estimula o estudante a construir conhecimentos por meio de atividades dinâmicas e instrumentalização de conhecimentos científicos. Sendo assim, apresentam-se, aqui, discussões sobre práticas e desafios da docência nas classes de alfabetização no Projeto Kinesys no Colégio Logosófico González Pecotche em Chapecó/SC. Classificada como uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, fez uso de referenciais teóricos, análise documental e coleta de dados empíricos, por meio de questionários. Como resultados, destaca-se o desafio do coletivo docente de planejar atividades, elaborar e validar material didático específico e da prática de sala de aula visando à valorização de contextos reais de ensino-aprendizagem.
Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) in Improving Self-Regulation of In-House Filipino Clients with Substance-Use-Disorder
Authors: Virrey Jr. Andres V. , Dominguez Jemerson Naceno
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Drug addiction is considered as a global epidemic which drastically affects millions of people worldwide, damaging an individual’s physiological, social, and psychological facets. One of the constructs that has been determined as an essential factor in the development of a variety of addictive behaviors is self-regulation. It plays an important role in predicting, maintaining, and treating addiction. In this study, the efficacy of Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing (DeTUR), an Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) addiction protocol, in improving self-regulation was tested among fourteen (14) in-house clients of two drug treatment and rehabilitation centers using sequential explanatory mixed method research design wherein Self-regulation Inventory-Short Version (SRI-S) and individual interviews were employed. Results explicitly proved that self-regulation scores obtained significantly differed before, after, and even the delivery of delayed posttest using the EMDR as an intervention. The study confirmed that EMDR enhances the clients’ self-regulations (Overall SRI) and the sub-areas: positive actions, controllability, expressions of feelings and needs, assertiveness, and well-being seeking. Themes generated using thematic analysis further established a basis for the efficacy of EMDR.Keywords: drug addiction, self-regulation, Eye-movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR), Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing (DeTUR)
Self-Adaptive Asymmetrical Artificial Potential Field Approach Dedicated to the Problem of Position Tracking by Nonholonomic UAVs in Windy Enivroments
Authors: Kownacki Cezary
Published: July 2021

Artificial potential fields (APFs) are a popular method of planning and controlling the path of robot movement, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, in the case of nonholonomic robots such as fixed-wing UAVs, the distribution of velocity vectors should be adapted to their limited manoeuvrability to ensure stable and precise position tracking. The previously proposed local asymmetrical potential field resolves this issue, but it is not effective in the case of windy environments, where the UAV is unable to maintain the desired position and drifts due to the wind drift effect. This is reflected in the growth of position error, which, similar to the steady-state error in the best case, is constant. To compensate for it, the asymmetrical potential field approach is modified by extending definitions of potential function gradient and velocity vector field (VVF) with elements based on the integral of position tracking error. In the case of wind drift, the value of this integral increases over time, and lengths and orientations of velocity vectors will also be changed. The work proves that redefining gradient and velocity vector as a function of position tracking error integrals allows for minimisation of the position tracking error caused by wind drift.
Identification of Analytical Dependencies of the Operational Characteristics of the Workpiece Clamping Mechanisms with the Rotary Movement of the Input Link
Authors: Prydalnyi Borys , Sulym Heorhiy
Published: July 2021

The research is devoted to the problem of determining the efficiency of the workpiece fixing mechanism operation. Improving characteristics of workpiece fixing is one of the required conditions to increase the cutting modes, which may help to enhance the machining productivity. The study investigates the main characteristics and general features of a new structure of clamping mechanisms with electromechanical actuators for fixation of rotation bodies. The main advantages of using electromechanical clamping actuators with self-braking gear are presented. Two simplified dynamical models for the description of different stages of the clamping process are developed. The calculation scheme was formulated to find out how the mass-geometric parameters of mechanism elements should influence the main characteristics of the clamping mechanisms of this type.
Influence of different reline materials and processing methods on flexural strength of denture base material
Authors: Gurbuz-Oflezer Ozlem , Bahadır Hakan , Ünver Senem , Oflezer Ceyhan
Published: July 2021

Background/Aim: Relining is defined as the procedure used to resurface the tissue side of a denture with new base material, thus producing an accurate adaptation is provided at the denture foundation area. During mastication, relined dentures have to withstand masticatory forces to prevent fracture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength of acrylic resin denture base relined with different methods and materials. Material and Methods: Fourteen experimental groups and one control group were determined to consider different reline materials and processing methods. Acrylic resin specimens were prepared with the dimensions of 65x 10x 1.5 mm and reline materials (1.5 mm thickness) were placed on acrylic resins. Reline material was not used in control group specimens. Flexural strength values of relined and control specimens were measured with three-point bending test at a speed of 5 mm/min. Data were analyzed with using one way Anova and Student t tests. Results: The highest flexural strength values were shown in control group (86.51±1.08 MPa). There were significant differences among relined specimens (p< 0.05). For the relined specimens, the highest flexural strength values were found in the relined specimens with denture base material (77.90±1.93 MPa), and the lowest values were found in relined with autopolymerize acrylic material (59.81±1.50 MPa). Conclusions: Relining of the heat cure denture base material significantly decreases the flexural strength for all processing methods and materials.
Unified computational approach to nilpotent algebra classification problems
Authors: Kadyrov Shirali , Mashurov Farukh
Published: July 2021

In this article, we provide an algorithm with Wolfram Mathematica code that gives a unified computational power in classification of finite dimensional nilpotent algebras using Skjelbred-Sund method. To illustrate the code, we obtain new finite dimensional Moufang algebras.
Performance investigation of long-haul high data rate optical OFDM IM/DD system with different QAM modulations
Authors: Taspınar Necmi , Alhalabi Mahmoud
Published: July 2021

In this paper and as a first time, we have designed and simulated 100 Gbps long haul intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with high order modulation techniques by using optisystem software QAM IM/DD OFDM system was analyzed and simulated to provide high data rate for downstream signal by using dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) inside fiber link. 4-QAM OFDM system demonstrated the best BER performance compared to other simulated systems for long haul transmission distance. For comparison and investigation, important results as eye diagram, Q factor, Eb/No and BER are explained against propagation length for every simulated system.
Deep convolutional neural networks for automatic coil pitches detection systems in induction motors
Authors: Nogay Hidir Selcuk
Published: July 2021

Stator winding structures are one of the most important parameters affecting motor performance in induction motor (IM). When deciding on the coil pitch, the winding structure and the power performance of the motor are also taken into consideration. The stator coil pitch of the IM is known at the design stage of the motor. The stator coil pitch of an IM manufactured and in use may be wanted to be changed with the desire to improve the performance of the motor and suppress some harmonics. In this case, it is necessary to determine the motor winding structure and coil pitch by opening the stator cover of the motor, removing the rotor, and manually examining the stator winding structure visually. However, this process prolongs this improvement process considerably. A system that can detect the stator coil pitch according to the stator current behavior while the motor is running can significantly shorten this improvement process. For this purpose, in this study, a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model that can automatically estimate IM stator coil pitch angle with an accuracy rate of 100% is designed and applied.
Development and characterisation of photoelectrochemical MIS structures with RuO2/TiO2 gate stacs for water oxidation
Authors: Mikolášek Miroslav , Fröhlich Karol , Hušeková Kristína , Ondrejka Peter , Chymo Filip , Kemény Martin , Hotovy Ivan , Harmatha Ladislav
Published: July 2021

This paper is dedicated to preparation and analysis of metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) photoanode with a metal organic chemical vapor deposited RuO2 layer and TiO2 protection layer for photoelectrochemical water splitting. It is shown that utilization of TiO2 layers of 2, 4, and 6 nm thickness preserve the catalytic activity of underlying RuO2. The origin of increased overpotential and decreased photovoltage of the photoanode upon the increase of TiO2 layer thickness is discussed in the paper. Results revealed that utilization of TiO2 layer in the MIS concept is suitable for photoelectrochemical water oxidation applications.
Vulnerable Roma communities in times of the Covid-19 negative quarantine
Authors: Berescu Cătălin , Alexandrescu Filip , Anghel Ionuţ Marian
Published: July 2021

In contrast to other countries in East Central Europe, Romania stands out because of a high number of small and segregated Roma settlements. As an ethnic minority, the Roma are overrepresented in marginalised and impoverished settlements and, given the basic recommendations to contain the pandemic – wash hands, keep the distance and work from home, their situation was disproportionately exacerbated by the imposition of lockdown measures. We use secondary data to interpret the deprivation features that puts them at greater epidemic risk. In addition, the Covid-19 crisis led to a sudden return of the Romanian Roma living in Western Europe. The slums and ghettos were more strictly quarantined than regular areas, suggesting a form of negative quarantine. Quarantine was – next to its medical purpose – used as a rhetoric and disciplinary device. Roma were portrayed as infection spreaders, and racism was channelled mainly through the media. While the spread of the disease placed them at risk, the lockdown itself induced major survival challenges. By using media and social media analysis, we show how the discourse of negative quarantine unfolded. The latter was diluted in the general relaxation of containment measures, but its legacy as a practice raises questions for the future governance of areas inhabited by the Roma.
Modeling of the Complex Ventilation Network Related to Livezeni Mine
Authors: Biro Eva , Radu Sorin Mihai , Cioclea Doru , Gherghe Ion
Published: July 2021

In order to ensure the microclimate conditions for the exploitation of useful mineral substances underground, it is necessary to ensure the control of gas emissions from the field and from the exploited space. For this it is necessary to ensure a balanced air flow at the level of each active mining work in order to dilute the gases. Specialized programs are used to ensure the optimal distribution of air flows at the level of each mining work. The paper presents the modelling and solving of the ventilation network related to Livezeni Mine with the help of the 3D CANVENT program.
Measurement of public sector financial instruments in Russian and international standards systems
Authors: DRUZHILOVSKAYA Tat'yana Yu.
Published: July 2021

Subject. This article discusses the regulations regarding the assessment of financial instruments of public sector organizations in the systems of Russian and international standards.
Objectives. The article aims to investigate the degree of convergence of regulations regarding the assessment of financial instruments in the Russian standards for public sector organizations with the rules of international standards.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of critical analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation, and the analogy method.
Results. Based on a comparison of the regulations regarding the initial and subsequent assessment of various types of financial assets and financial liabilities in the Russian FSBU Standard Financial Instruments and IPSAS 29 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, the article identifies situations where the assessments of financial instruments of public sector organizations, conducted according to Russian and international standards, coincide or have differences.
Conclusions and Relevance. It is advisable to further converge approaches to the assessment of financial instruments in Russian standards for public sector organizations and the IPSAS regulations. The results obtained have both applied and theoretical applications in the field of financial accounting.
The practice of non-financial reporting: Possible development trajectories
Authors: SOLOVEI Tat'yana N. , PUCHKOVA Valeriya A.
Published: July 2021

Subject. This article summarizes development trends in non-financial reporting and traces the current problems of its content and qualities.
Objectives. The article aims to indicate key problems of the content and quality of non-financial reporting, referring to the analyzable publications and analytical reviews of corporate practices. It also aims to determine possible regulation areas of non-financial reporting practices as part of the Concept for the Development of Public Non-Financial Reporting in the Russian Federation.
Methods. For the study, we used the methods of detailed description and summary, comparison, analogy, and the logic and systems approaches. We analyzed scientific publication in periodicals and analytical reviews of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, Big Four companies, focusing on the development of non-financial reporting practices.
Results. The article summarizes key problems of non-financial reporting, which are typical of the Russian and foreign companies. We suggest how the regulation of non-financial reporting should be developed in Russia, referring to the European experience and corporate practices. The article provides an analysis of the non-financial reporting quality in twelve Russian companies so as to verify and identify issues of its content and quality.
Conclusions. Businesses do prepare their non-financial reports in compliance with the international standards and initiatives on sustainable development. They often fail to disclose what method they use to select subjects for their reports, reluctantly giving examples of negative effects on the environment or other adverse impact of their operations. The information is not always comparable for accounting periods. Considering the experience of the European countries in the regulation of non-financial reporting, we conclude there should be conceptual principles for non-financial reporting in accordance with international standards and national distinctions.
Transformation of retail risk in the post-epidemic period
Authors: CHALDAEVA Larisa A. , KOROLEV Denis A. , BAIER Andrei V. , KILYACHKOV Anatolii A.
Published: July 2021

Subject. The article discusses the transformation of retail risks in the post-epidemic period. The pandemic altered the consumer behavior, thus inducing new risks. E-commerce risks are on agenda. However, some other risks were overlooked, though they relate to changes in consumer preferences, strict hygienic requirements, etc Objectives. We look for new retail risks, which emerge as a result of changes in the consumer behavior during the pandemic. We suggest how retail companies should mitigate the risks. Methods. Retail risks were identified through the content analysis of available sources and evaluate their content. Results. We found new retail risks arising from changes in the consumer behavior of people, including cyberattack risks at retail enterprises, sale of counterfeit or low-quality products, theft, etc. Conclusions and Relevance. To mitigate retail risks in the post-epidemic period, companies need to perform some actions. They should establish the internal cybersecurity department, order independent audit, use the AI technology, etc. The above activities will require significant financial resources and professional talent. Therefore, most of the activities are affordable only for large retail chains.
Subproductos generados en el tratamiento y valorización de residuos sólidos urbanos dentro del concepto de biorrefinería: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Triviño Pineda Jairo Smith , Reyes Claudia Yolanda , Sánchez Ramírez Javier Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Esta revisión tiene como objetivo recopilar y resumir las investigaciones llevadas a cabo actualmente asociadas a la obtención de subproductos generados a partir de los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) empleando diversos procesos dentro del concepto de las biorrefinerías. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando la base de datos DIALNET, SCIENCEDIRECT, GOOGLE SCHOLAR y ACADEMIC de los cuales se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español publicados entre julio del 2008 de junio del 2020. Se expulsaron los artículos de años anteriores, artículos que no informan subproductos, informes de los temas y capítulos de libros. Esta revisión mostro que a partir de los RSU se puede generar varios productos que tienen un gran valor tanto para la fabricación de productos como en el comercio, por lo tanto, se recomiendan más investigaciones al respecto. Dentro de los productos generados se mencionan el biogás, biometano, bioetanol, biohidrógeno, ácidos grasos volátiles, ácido láctico, Biofertilizantes y enmiendas agrícolas. Además, la mayoría de los estudios analizados sobre la producción de los subproductos se han realizado en modo discontinuo obteniendo un solo producto, por lo que no se enmarca dentro del concepto de biorrefinería. La idea es proporcionar nuevos conocimientos alternos para implementar el desarrollo y la implementación de una biorrefinería a gran escala usando como materia prima los residuos sólidos urbanos que están compuestos principalmente por proteínas, ácidos acético, lignina entre otros, que por medio de la unión de varios procesos bioquímicos es posible obtener biocombustibles, productos químicos y nutrientes tales como biogás, bioetanol, biohidrógeno, ácido láctico, ácidos grasos volátiles, biofertilizantes, logrando impactos positivos ambientales, ecológicos, sociales, económicos y técnicos.
Seismic imaging of dolerite sills and volcanic vents in the Central Karoo, South Africa: implications for shale gas potential
Authors: Scheiber-Enslin S.E. , Manzi M. , Webb S.J.
Published: July 2021

The Karoo Basin of South Africa covers an area of 700 000 km2 and has been identified as a possible shale gas reserve. Any evaluation of the shale gas potential of the basin must consider the widespread dolerite dykes and sills. These intrusions were emplaced into the Karoo Supergroup and are well dated at around 183 Ma. Their intrusion triggered the explosive releases of gas in the basin, marked on surface by breccia pipes and hydrothermal vents. This outpouring of gas has been proposed as a significant contributor to global climate change.

Research into the three-dimensional interconnected structure of these dolerite sills and dykes and their interaction with the hydrocarbon rich layers in the lower part of the Karoo Supergroup has been limited to localized observations of outcrop, magnetic data, legacy seismic data (from the 1970s) and well core. Here we present an interpreted 65 km long higher-resolution 2D seismic reflection profile across the Karoo Basin, approximately 100 km southeast of Trompsburg. These data were collected in the 1990s and at the time deeper structures along the line interpreted. In this study we focus on the top 0.6 to 2 seconds TWT of the data. The seismic line images the interconnected and cross cutting nature of the dolerite dykes and sills along the profile. We also report possible evidence of a gas escape structure (approximately 2.5 km in diameter at surface) emerging near the edge of a dolerite sill in close proximity to the Whitehill Formation, which is the main target for shale gas exploration. This suggests that gas vents in the eastern Karoo Basin close to Lesotho are due to the release of gas from the carbonaceous shales of the Ecca Group. This is similar to breccia pipes mapped on surface in the western part of the Karoo Basin.

This seismic section highlights why dolerite sills and dykes must be considered when evaluating the shale gas potential of the Karoo Basin. We propose that better characterization of the Karoo Basin subsurface by seismic and magnetic studies is necessary prior to any efforts to calculate shale gas reserves.
Towards disentangling climatic and tectonic changes of southernmost Africa using strontium isotope stratigraphy and clumped isotope thermometry
Authors: Linol B. , Montañez I. , Lombardo A. , Kuta D. , Upadhyay D. , Arnold A. , Tripati A. , Bauer A.M. , Musa S.
Published: July 2021

Upper Cretaceous-Cenozoic marine sequences preserved between 30 and 350 masl across southern South Africa record a complex history of climatic and tectonic changes. In this study, we measure the strontium (Sr) isotope composition of fossil shark teeth, echinoderms, corals and oyster shells to chronostratigraphically constrain the ages of these sequences. The method requires careful petrographic screening and micro-drilling of the samples to avoid possible alteration by diagenesis. To assess palaeoenvironmental effects in the shells we measured the Mg/Ca elemental ratios and O isotope values using electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In addition, we employed carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to test palaeotemperatures reconstruction. The analysis of recent to modern stromatolites by clumped isotopes yields an average temperature of 20.2°C, in agreement with present day observations. The fossil oyster shells suggest a warmer (23.0°C) seawater palaeotemperature, possibly due to major deglaciation and sea-level rise during the Neogene. We also find that transgressions occurred above 200 to 350 m elevation during: 1) the Campanian-Maastrichian (~75 Ma); 2) the mid-Oligocene (32 to 26 Ma); and 3) the Messinian-Zanclean (6 to 5 Ma). These three episodes are linked to well-known variations in global sea level and regional tectonic processes that could have affected the continental margin differently. The most recent transgression coincides with a maximum global sea-level rise of ~50 m at ca. 5.3 Ma, and a worldwide plate kinematic change around 6 Ma, which in Eurasia led to the closure of the Mediterranean Sea. In the Eastern Cape of South Africa, the new dates of analyzed oyster shells constrain a minimum uplift rate of ca. 150 m/Myr during this tectonic activity. The results have important implications for robust calibration of relative sea level in southern Africa.
Insights in Fault Flow Behaviour from Onshore Nigeria Petroleum System Modelling
Authors: Woillez Marie-Noëlle , Souque Christine , Rudkiewicz Jean-Luc , Willien Françoise , Cornu Tristan
Published: July 2021

Faults are complex geological features acting either as permeability barrier, baffle or drain to fluid flow in sedimentary basins. Their role can be crucial for over-pressure building and hydrocarbon migration, therefore they have to be properly integrated in basin modelling. The ArcTem basin simulator included in the TemisFlow software has been specifically designed to improve the modelling of faulted geological settings and to get a numerical representation of fault zones closer to the geological description. Here we present new developments in the simulator to compute fault properties through time as a function of available geological parameters, for single-phase 2D simulations. We have used this new prototype to model pressure evolution on a siliciclastic 2D section located onshore in the Niger Delta. The section is crossed by several normal growth faults which subdivide the basin into several sedimentary units and appear to be lateral limits of strong over-pressured zones. Faults are also thought to play a crucial role in hydrocarbons migration from the deep source rocks to shallow reservoirs. We automatically compute the Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) along the fault planes through time, as well as the fault displacement velocity. The fault core permeability is then computed as a function of the SGR, including threshold values to account for shale smear formation. Longitudinal fault fluid flow is enhanced during periods of high fault slip velocity. The method allows us to simulate both along-fault drainages during the basin history as well as overpressure building at present-day. The simulated pressures are at first order within the range of observed pressures we had at our disposal.