bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of soil characteristics on expansive clay stabilization using shell ash
Authors: Sudjianto Agus Tugas , Suraji Aji , Susilo Sugeng Hadi
Published: December 2021

Expansive clay is one of the problems in construction work. The soil has the characteristics of being easy to expand when exposed to water, causing a decrease in the strength value of the soil. The can be overcome by stabilizing the soil. The soil is formed from weathering and contains the mineral montmorillonite. The soil is very sensitive to moisture content, has a high shrinkage rate, thus interfering in construction work. Therefore, additional materials are needed to overcome the problem, one of which is soil stabilization. The study aimed to stabilize the expansive clay soil. This is done by analyzing the physical and mechanical properties of expansive clay with a shell ash mixture. Expansive clay is taken directly (undisturbed) or disturbed. Undisturbed soil is taken using a tube, so that the soil is not disturbed by outside air, while disturbed soil is taken using a shovel and then put into a sack container. Expansive clay stabilization method lies in adding the percentage of shell ash mixture (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %). The soil, the initial moisture content (γd) of which has been determined, is mixed, then molded into a cylindrical shape. The mold was stored in a desiccator, then watered with 5 % water every day until the soil became saturated. Then, using a Proctor test, chemical tests (soil chemical test, soil mineral test), physical tests (soil moisture, Atterberg limit), and mechanical tests (unconfined compression test, compaction test, swelling test) were carried out. The results showed that the addition of an oyster shell ash stabilizing agent to expansive clay affected the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The addition of shell ash can reduce soil moisture with various plasticity indexes. While the soil stress value decreased, the swelling of the soil increased significantly above the original soil.
Luminescence efficiency of cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet ceramics formed by radiation assisted synthesis
Authors: Alpyssova Gulnur , Lisitsyn Victor , Golkovski Mikhail , Mussakhanov Dossymkhan , Karipbayev Zhakyp , Grechkina Tatyana , Karabekova Dana , Kozlovskiy Artem
Published: December 2021

The variety of applications of yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG)-based luminescent materials and the morphology necessary for these purposes required the development of many technologies for their synthesis. All synthesis technologies used are complex. The structural phase of yttrium-aluminum garnet is formed with any technology, at temperatures exceeding 1,500 °C. The starting materials for the synthesis are metal oxides of aluminum, yttrium and other oxides for activation and modification. It seems possible to use hard radiation to form a new phase. Radiation synthesis of ceramics is realized in less than 1 s, without the use of any additives and influences.
The synthesis was carried out at the electron accelerator of the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk). In this work, we studied the spectral-kinetic and quantitative characteristics of luminescence for the first time obtained by the method of radiation synthesis of ceramic samples of yttrium-aluminum garnet doped with cerium with statistical processing of their values. The dependences of the reproducibility of the spectral characteristics of the luminescence of the samples on the preliminary preparation of the charge for synthesis have been investigated. Several cycles of luminophore brightness studies have been performed.
It is shown that the obtained ceramics based on yttrium-aluminum garnet doped with cerium possesses the required spectral-kinetic properties, and the efficiency of conversion of the chip radiation into luminescence is achieved, which is comparable to that available in commercial phosphors. The maximum measured values of the position of the bands are from 553.5 to 559.6 nm. Brightness values range from 4,720 to 1,960 cd/m2.
It was found that the main reason for the scatter in the characteristics of the luminescent properties of ceramics of yttrium-aluminum garnet, activated by cerium obtained by radiation assisted synthesis is the high rate of synthesis and, especially, the high rate of cooling of the samples.
Construction of a mathematical model of the film absorber for sulfating two-component mixtures of organic substances
Authors: Dzevochko Oleksandr , Podustov Mykhaylo , Dzevochko Alona , Panasenko Vladimir
Published: December 2021

The processes that occur in film absorbers during the sulfation of two-component mixtures of organic substances are quite complex and require mathematical modeling. This paper reports the construction of a mathematical model that makes it possible to adequately describe the process of sulfation involving gaseous sulfur trioxide in the production of surfactants. Based on the model, it became possible to investigate this process for higher alcohols of fractions С12–С14 and monoethanolamides of higher fatty acids of coconut oil.
The data are given on the comparison of mathematical modeling results based on the mathematical model built with known experimental data and results of alternative mathematical modeling for different ratios of the length of the reaction pipe to its diameter (l/d). It is shown that the error in comparing the experimental data was 4.8–9.6 % at l l/d=29; 1.1–8.7 % at l/d=70; 3.9–12.3 % at l/d=144. The error in comparing known results of alternative mathematical modeling was, respectively, 6.3–7.2 %, 0.1–6.5 %, 0–1.0 %. These results were obtained for the molar ratio in the range of 1.0–1.15 and the SO3 concentration in the stream of 4.0–6.0 %.
Such findings suggest that the established dependences of the basic parameters for the sulfation process are adequate in terms of the absorber length and its radial direction. Therefore, the mathematical model built does hold within the considered ranges of input variables. Consequently, it could be used in the theoretical study of the process of sulfation of two-component mixtures of organic substances by gaseous sulfur trioxide in a film absorber with a downward flow of phases. The results obtained could be used in practice, in particular in the manufacture of high-quality products for the cosmetic industry.
Determining energetic characteristics and selecting environmentally friendly components for solid rocket propellants at the early stages of design
Authors: Kositsyna Olena , Varlan Kostiantyn , Dron Mykola , Kulyk Oleksii
Published: December 2021

This paper has investigated the possibility to theoretically calculate a value of the specific impulse for highly energetic compositions using only two parameters – the heat of the reaction and the number of moles of gaseous decomposition reaction products. Specific impulse is one of the most important energetic characteristics of rocket propellant. It demonstrates the level of achieving the value of engine thrust and propellant utilization efficiency. Determining the specific impulse experimentally is a complex task that requires meeting special conditions. For the stage of synthesis of new promising components, the comparative analysis of energetic characteristics, forecasting the value of specific impulse, especially relevant are calculation methods. Most of these methods were first developed to determine the energetic characteristics of explosives. Since explosives and rocket propellants in many cases have similar energy content and similar chemical composition, some estimation methods can be used to assess the specific impulse of solid rocket propellant.
The specific impulse has been calculated for 45 compositions based on environmentally friendly oxidizers (ammonium dinitramide, hydrazinium nitroformate, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) and polymer binders polybutadiene with terminal hydroxyl groups, glycidylazide polymer, poly-3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane). It was established that the estimation data obtained correlate well with literary data. Deviation of the derived values of the specific impulse from those reported in the literature is from 0.4 % to 1.8 %. The calculation results could be used for preliminary forecasting of energetic characteristics for highly energetic compositions, selecting the most promising components, as well as their ratios.
Comparative analysis of methods for prediction continuous numerical features on big datasets
Authors: Kinshakov Eduard , Parfenenko Yuliia , Shendryk Vira
Published: December 2021

The object of research is the process of choosing a method for predicting continuous numerical features on big datasets. The importance of the study is due to the fact that today in various subject areas it is necessary to solve the problem of predicting performance indicators based on data collected from different sources and presented in different formats, which is the task of big data analysis. To solve the problem, the methods of statistical analysis were considered, namely multiple linear regression, decision trees and a random forest. An array of extensive data was built without specifying the subject area, its preliminary processing, analysis was carried out to establish the correlation between the features. The processing of the big data array was carried out using the technology of parallel computing by means of the Dask library of the Python language. Since working with big data requires significant computing resources, this approach does not require the use of powerful computer technology. Prediction models were built using multiple linear regression methods, decision trees and a random forest, visualization of the prediction results and analysis of the reliability of the constructed models. Based on the results of calculating the prediction error, it was found that the greatest prediction accuracy among the considered methods is the random forest method. When applying this method, the prediction accuracy for a dataset of numerical features was approximately 97 %, which indicates a high reliability of the constructed model. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the random forest method is suitable for solving prediction problems using large data sets, it can be used for datasets with a large number of features and is not sensitive to data scaling. The developed software application in Python can be used to predict numerical features from different subject areas, the prediction results are imported into a text file.
Study of the effects of ultra-low intensity electromagnetic fields on biological objects
Authors: Voloshyn Yuliia , Kulish Sergey , Oliinyk Volodymyr , Frolov Andrei
Published: December 2021

The object of research is the efficiency of exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) of ultra-low intensity on biological objects, which is formed by a generator of broadband radiation. The principle of action of the generator is based on formation of electromagnetic radiation induced by periodic pulsed gas discharge in coaxial system of electrodes, which is loaded on a dielectric rod antenna. The method of selection of signals and corresponding equipment, which energy characteristics of radiation correspond to the criterion of non-thermal influence on bioobjects, is developed for obtaining a comparative assessment of influence bioefficiency. The proposed new method for processing experimental data using statistical calculations that meet the requirements for the processing and interpretation of the results. The seeds of wheat and interaction of millimeter range electromagnetic oscillations with bone marrow cells of rats were used as biological objects for investigating the effect of millimeter range electromagnetic oscillations. A biosensory effect was obtained when exposed to broadband radiation of ultra-low intensity, compared to the control sample. A change in the properties of the seeds, in particular, heat resistance, is observed. According to the experimental data, seeds turn out to be less susceptible to heat as a result of their pretreatment with EMF. The biological response is observed to depend on the frequency and time of irradiation. Also, the dependence of the decrease in the number of dead cells on the time of EMF irradiation was experimentally proved. The equation of dependence of selective average proportion of dead cells in rat bone marrow on irradiation time was calculated. Biosensory effect of exposure to broadband ultra-low intensity EMF of the developed emitter was revealed. It was established and statistically proved that the minimum time with the maximum positive effect of exposure to electromagnetic radiation of millimeter range on bone marrow cells of rats is 30 minutes, compared with an unirradiated sample. The results make it possible to evaluate the positive effect of electromagnetic oscillations on biological objects and propose the results of studies for practical use in the development of medical systems.
Comparative analysis of global and national systems for observing, monitoring and forecasting natural disasters and hazards with а view to reducing risk
Authors: Tuzyak Yaryna
Published: December 2021

The object of research is modern systems for observing, monitoring and forecasting natural disasters and hazards. Although early warning systems are often used to predict the magnitude, location and time of potentially hazardous events, these systems rarely provide impact estimates, such as the expected amount and distribution of material damage, human consequences, service disruption or financial losses. Supplementing early warning systems with predictions of impact has the dual advantage of providing better information to governing bodies for informed emergency decisions and focusing the attention of various branches of science on the goal of mitigating or preventing negative effects.
The publication analyses current trends in the growth of natural risks, taking into account the risks associated with global climate change. The issues related to the growing risks of natural disasters and catastrophes at the present stage of societal development and directions of activities at the international and national levels for their reduction are considered. Disaster risk prevention and mitigation measures are described and areas of work in this area are highlighted. The decision-making sequence model is given, global and regional systems of observation, analysis, detection, forecasting, preliminary warning and exchange of information on natural hazards related to weather, climate and water are described. The factors that «unbalance» the global economy in terms of intensity, magnitude, magnitude of losses due to catastrophic events are analyzed.
Addressing disaster prevention requires a structure at the national level in each country that includes policy, institutional, legal, strategic and operational frameworks, as well as at the regional and societal levels. This structure will organize and implement disaster risk reduction activities and establish an organizational system that will understand disaster risk and ensure that it is reduced through public participation.
Application of in-plastic catalysis for extraction of hard-to-recover hydrocarbons
Authors: Zezekalo Ivan , Kovalenko Viktor , Lartseva Iryna , Dubyna Olexandr
Published: December 2021

The object of research is the catalytic effect (hydrocracking) for the production of hard-to-recover hydrocarbons, the subject of the study is the change in the physicochemical properties of hydrocarbons by partial gasification, and the lightening of the fractional composition of hydrocarbons. One of the most problematic areas is the lack of studies of the catalytic effect on hard-to-recover hydrocarbons in reservoir conditions. Although processes such as catalytic cracking, reforming, isomerization, aromatization and alkylation of hydrocarbons are known and used in petroleum refining.
The research used the methods of scientific knowledge – experiment and measurement. In the course of laboratory work, an effective catalyst was developed, the effect of temperature on the fractional composition and physicochemical properties of oil, oil products and gas condensate was investigated. To simulate formation conditions, hermetic metal retorts were used, in which oil and gas condensate samples were subjected to different temperature regimes. In the process of testing cores saturated with gas condensate, the dependence of filtration on physical parameters – temperature and pressure, fractional composition, specific gravity and viscosity was studied.
Laboratory studies have shown a decrease in density and viscosity of hydrocarbons, an increase in core permeability. The effect of catalysis on oil made it possible to increase the volume of light ends distillation from 30 to 60 %, for gas condensate – up to 50 %, which confirms the effectiveness of the method of catalysis of hard-to-recover hydrocarbons. This is due to the fact that the correct formulation and solution of the problem provided adequate results. In contrast to the existing processes of hydrocracking of petroleum products, the proposed method allows you to extract heavy and low-mobile hydrocarbons in reservoir conditions at lower temperatures of 120–150 °С. At the same time, the technology for catalytic hydrogenation of hard-to-recover hydrocarbons will be similar to a typical treatment of a formation with an acid or surfactants. This will make it possible to intensify the commercial reserves of hydrocarbons in the fields that are now classified as hard-to-recover and which account for more than 50 %.
Increase of dynamic stability of a basis at operation of the compressor equipment of the Abazіvka unit of complex gas preparation
Authors: Mykhailovska Olena , Zotsenko Mykola
Published: December 2021

The object of research is the basis of the compressor equipment of the complex gas treatment plant at the Abazivka field and the strengthening of the base soils with soil-cement elements, which are proposed to be arranged with the use of drilling technology. The research area is located on the territory of the current Abazivka Integrated Gas Preparation, near the village of Bugaivka, Poltava region, Ukraine. Abazivka Integrated Gas Preparation receives products from wells in Abazivka and Sementsivske deposits. It is proposed to carry out the reconstruction of Integrated Gas Preparation, which includes strengthening the foundation of the compressor model C1004-JGT/2-1 manufactured by «Propak» (Alberta, Canada). The amplitudes of oscillations of the compressor foundation were determined at a speed of 1400 rpm at the appropriate site with geological conditions. The magnitudes of oscillations and subsidence of the compressor foundation of the Abazivka complex of complex gas treatment were investigated experimentally. When determining the amplitudes of oscillations of the compressor foundations, only the amplitudes of oscillations in the direction parallel to the sliding of the pistons were calculated, and the influence of the vertical component of the perturbing forces was not taken into account. It is established that the amplitude of horizontal-rotational oscillations of the upper face of the compressor foundation relative to the horizontal axis exceeds the maximum allowable. It is substantiated that soil cement is a sufficiently strong and waterproof material that can be used to strengthen the base during the construction of equipment foundations. The possibility of application of the technology of application of soil-cement piles, made by brown-mixing technology for strengthening the base under the foundation of the compressor, is described and investigated. It is proposed to reinforce the base with rows of soil-cement elements, which will increase the modulus of deformation of the base, which is represented by loam, light to 14.3 MPa. In the case of strengthening the base, the amplitude of horizontal-rotational oscillations of the upper face of the compressor foundation is much less than the maximum allowable 0.1 mm. The subsidence of the foundation at reinforcement of the base, which does not exceed the maximum allowable value, is determined. Soil-cement elements are proposed to be arranged according to the drilling technology.
Cooling process optimization during hardening steel in water polyalkylene glycol solutions
Authors: Kobasko Nikolai
Published: December 2021

Objects of investigations are water solutions of polyalkylene glycol (PAG) which are used as the quenchants in the heat-treating industry. They are tested by standard cylindrical probe made of Inconel 600 material. The main and not solved yet is the problem of transition from data achieved for standard probe to data suitable for any form and size of real steel part. It opens possibility to make predictable calculations. Taken this into account, it has been investigated water solutions of PAG of different concentration. It is underlined that cooling intensity of quenchant can be evaluated by Kondratiev number Kn. The mentioned number Kn varies within 0≤Kn≤1 when generalized Biot Biv number varies within 0≤Biv≤∞. As a main achievement of investigation is established correlation between standard Kn number and Kn number of real steel part. In many cases, when film boiling is absent, the established correlation is a linear function. It allows optimizing quenching processes: obtain high surface compressive residual stresses, save alloy elements and improve environment condition. All of this is achieved by tolerating chemical composition of steel with size and form of quenched object as it is proposed by UA Patent No. 114174. Also, the number Kn allows interruption of quench process when surface compressive residual stresses are at their maximum value that essentially improves the quality of steel components. Moreover, interrupted cooling prevents quench crack formation, decreases distortion of quenched steel parts. The results of investigations can be used by engineers in the heat-treating industry and scientists for further research.
Local cellular immune response in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Mudrov V. P. , Davidova N. V. , Mishina T. E. , Kazakov S. P.
Published: December 2021

Microflora of the oral cavity forms a biofilm that induces response of immune system at the mucous membranes. Transition to periodontal lesion is provided by certain classes of resident mucosal immune cells and inflammatory/immune cells migrating to the periodont. In periodontal diseases, Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg are detected. T regulatory cells (Tregs) are proven to comprise the main anti-inflammatory cell population. Th17 cells and Treg cells play an important role in osteoclast differentiation. IL-17 secreted by Th17 cells affects osteoclastogenesis and may induce macrophages to enhance the local inflammatory response. In this regard, the aim of our work was to identify the local immune cells in oral cavity which are associated with severity of chronic generalized periodontitis. The oral cavity cells from 58 persons aged 38-65 years of both sexes in their mature age with a diagnosis of «chronic periodontitis» were examined by means of flow cytofluorometry. When determining levels of CD64+CD16+CD14- neutrophils in the patients with periodontitis of different severity, a statistically significant increase of this cell population was revealed upon development of this disease. In mild cases of periodontitis, a significant increase of relative CD64+CD16+CD14-  neutrophil contents was revealed (Me = 36.16%, p < 0.05) compared to the control group (Me = 7.7%, Q0.25 = 2.4%, Q0.75 = 12%). When assessing relative numbers of CD14+ monocytes in periodontitis of various severity, we revealed a significant increase in the number of these cells in severe cases. When studying levels of regulatory T lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+CD127low) in periodontitis of different severity, we revealed significantly decreased amounts of this cell population during development of the disease. In mild cases of periodontitis, a decreased level of CD4+CD25+CD127low cells (p < 0.05, Me = 1356 cells/ml) was revealed, as compared with control group (Me = 10666 cells/ml). Although the concentration of CD4+CD25+CD127low (Me = 4709 cells/ml) in the patients with moderate periodontitis was higher than the values in milder cases, the range of the main values was comparable and lower, than in control group. In severe periodontitis, a significantly decreased concentration of regulatory T lymphocytes was revealed (Me = 2637 cells/ml). These results confirm the anti-inflammatory regulatory function of Tregs. Understanding the osteo-immune mechanisms of bone remodeling control will help to understand the pathophysiology of accelerated bone loss observed in severe chronic periodontitis.
Mast cells and tryptase. Modern aspects
Authors: Macharadze D. Sh.
Published: December 2021

The present review considers the role of mast cells (MC) and tryptase levels in various pathological conditions in children and adults. The main causes of hypertryptasemia are presented, as well as a list of the most important stimuli that can cause activation of MC. Cliical allergologists should focus their clinical practice on the patients with anaphylaxia and suspected MC activation syndromes. Moreover, hypertryptasemia (> 20 ng/ml) is considered an additional diagnostic criterion for systemic mastocytosis, according to the WHO recommendations. As a rule, the level of tryptase is constantly elevated in most patients with systemic mastocytosis, whereas it is undergo changes in acute IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. In cases of anaphylaxia, tryptase concentration should be determined in the patients during the first hours following onset of acute allergic reaction, and 24-48 hours later. Recommendations are given for determining tryptase levels in blood serum of the patients (basal and peak values), and algorithms are provided for usage of these indexes in various diseases. The article also provides the assessed threshold values of tryptase when diagnosing anaphylaxia, MC activation syndromes, and a novel disorder – alpha-tryptasemia. In the diagnosis of hereditary alpha-tryptasemia, as well as MC activation syndromes (primary and secondary), clinical manifestations in the patient and time dynamics of tryptase levels should be taken into account. The accumulated experience allowed to consider, first of all, frequency of severe allergic reactions (most often as anaphylaxia) in the patients with suspected MC activation syndromes. The syndrome of MC activation is characterized by excessive release of their granule contents without signs of clonal proliferation, which in many cases may be due to gene allele duplication, especially, TPSAB1 α-tryptase gene. For patients with hereditary alpha-tryptasemia, the most characteristic manifestations are represented by vegetative-vascular dystonia (orthostatic tachycardia), joint hypermobility, etc. Hence, determination of tryptase level (especially in time course) should be given more attention in the practice of clinicians. Difficulties with interpretation of the results arise in cases when tryptase concentration remains within normal range (up to 11.4 ng/ml), and the patient has clinically evident mastocytosis, or MC activation syndromes. If the patient has a history of anaphylaxia, especially after bites of hymenoptera insects, the TC activation syndromes should be excluded.
Pathogenetic value of cell infiltrate in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Saidov M. Z.
Published: December 2021

Cell infiltrate is a morphological substrate of immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases. The systemic wide progressive disorganization of loose fibrous connective tissue is accompanied by the loss of tolerance with its own autoantigenes, activation of macrophagal-monocyte cells and autoreactive clones of T and B lymphocytes. Hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, local adhesive ligandreceptor interactions, endothelial reaction and angiogenesis contribute to the formation of cell infiltrate, ectopic lymphoid structures and GZT-granulomas in situ. The autoimmune response is the result of successive systemic and local molecular cellular events in which the mechanisms of congenital and adaptive immunity are involved. When interpreting immunopathogenesis of rheumatic diseases, all models and schemes adopted in the field of fundamental immunology are used. This is a model of MHC-restrictions, a model of molecular mimicry, or cross of the antigen presentation, a model of disrupting central or peripheral tolerance to auto-antigens, a model of candidate “triggers” of autoimmune and autoinflammatory processes, a model of associations of alleles MHC I and II classes with specific, nosologically unique, rheumatic diseases.
Economy and Ecology: Twin Span for a Qualitative Agricultural Production in Europe?
Authors: HUYGENS Didier , CARLIER Lucien , ROTAR Ioan , VIDICAN Roxana
Published: December 2021

It is an objective of the European Union (EU) to reach the right balance between a competitive agricultural production (economy) and the respect for nature and environment (ecology). Since Agenda 2000, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has two pillars: the market and income policy (first pillar) and the sustainable development of rural areas (second pillar). In both pillars the 2003 CAP reform and the 2008 Health Check brought greater quality to environmental integration. Concerning market and income policy, the cross-compliance is the core instrument. The 2003 CAP reform also involved decoupling most direct payments from production. From 2005 (2007 at the latest) a single payment scheme was established, based on historical reference amounts. As regards the rural development policy, compliance with minimum environmental standards is a condition for eligibility for support under several rural development measures. The complexity of the relationship between agriculture and the environment has conditioned the approach to environmental integration in the context of the CAP. Central to the understanding of this relationship is the principle of Good Agricultural Practice which corresponds to the type of farming that a reasonable farmer would follow in the region concerned. The ecological footprint is a useful indicator for assessing progress on the EU Resource Strategy. A public consultation held in 2010, identified food security, environment protection and rural diversity as the three main goals of the future policy. The European Commission unveiled last November 2010 its blueprint for reforming the CAP and the debate was started July 2011.
Research on Drip Irrigation System Performance under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: ACAR Bilal , YAVUZ Fatih Çağlar , TOPAK Ramazan
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate trickle irrigation system performance under greenhouse conditions in Antalya Province of Turkey. For this purpose, uniformity coefficient (UC) by graphical method as well as emission uniformity (EU) was researched. The UC varied from 56% (unacceptable) to 90 % (perfect) and EU varied from 41% (poor) or (unacceptable) to 92% (perfect or good). The main problems detected were poor system design and clogging within systems. This fact is produced by different reasons, standing out the low efficiency distribution networks, insufficiency in maintenance and repair works and friction losses.
Effects of Mycorrhiza on Fiber Quality Parameters, Root Characteristics and Yield of Organic Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)
Authors: BILALIS Dimitris , PATSIALI Sotiria , KARKANIS Anestis , PADALEON Kostantinos , KONTOPOULOU Charis Konstantina
Published: December 2021

Organic cotton consists of a new industrial crop product. Field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of mycorrhiza on fiber quality parameters and yield components of cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The experiments, conducted during 2006 and 2007, were laid out in a split plot design with four replicates, two main plots (organic and conventional system) and two sub-plots (cotton varieties: Athena and Fandom). There were statistically significant differences in reflectance between these two varieties. Moreover, there were correlation between lint characteristics and regression as well as linear functions between AMF and statistical important values of lint characteristics.
Survey of Insects Pest Stored and Biological Control of Trogoderma Granarium Everts in Setifian Region (North-East of Algeria)
Authors: BOUNECHADA Mustapha , FENNI Mohamed , BENIA Farida
Published: December 2021

Cereal grains are the major source of food for humans and most domesticated animals. In many developing countries like Algeria, overall post-harvest losses of cereals and legums of about 10–15% are fairly common. The study was conducted in Setif high plains in the north east of Algeria. The Setif region is one of the important areas for the production of cereal crops. The objective of this work was to survey the insects pests stored in different stored products in Setifian region. Using different methods: manual samples, traps, and probes have been used to determine the presence of insects and manual inspection, sieving, cracking-floatation and Berlese funnels are used at present to detect insects in grain. We recorded seven species (6 Coleoptera: Trogoderma granarium, Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium confusum, Sitophilus granarius, Tenebrio molitor and 1 Lepidoptera: Ephestia kuehnielle). The relative abundance of the different species was discussed. Trogoderma granarium was the dominant species (82,10%) of insect pests recorded from cereals grains. So, biological control on Trogoderma granarium is described. The stored conditions for these species are also discussed.
The Evaluation of Sustainable Regional Development in Agriculture: the Romania and Hungary Cases
Authors: BURJA Camelia , BURJA Vasile
Published: December 2021

Achieving good performance in agriculture is a priority objective of the Common Agricultural Policy to achieve food security and harmonious development of the rural area in compliance with the principles of sustainable development. Romania and Hungary are European Union countries that have favourable conditions for agriculture and play a major role in the production of a number of agricultural products. The paper presents an evaluation of the sustainable performance of agriculture in these two countries at the regional level for NUTS2 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics). The used method, Data Envelopment Analysis, provides information for the comparative assessment of efficiency. The results prove that most regions in Hungary are achieving performances superior to those of Romania.
Technical – Material Basis of Agro Tourism Support of Touristic Potential in Romania
Authors: CALINA Jenica , CALINA Aurel
Published: December 2021

This paper analyses the indicators characterizing the accommodation capacity to obtain an overview on the technical- material basis of agro-tourism, alongside statistical indicators presenting the dimension of the touristic circulation in the Romanian rural area. In agro-touristic boarding houses, places offered to tourists increased in year 2009, as compared to 1999, 20.04 times, and the accommodation capacity increased 9.82 times.

In respect to the touristic capacity, the specific tendency of increase of the accommodation indexes dislocated, the agro-touristic boarding houses representing accommodation units that net usage index registers increases.
Studies Regarding the Attack Dynamics of The Black Locust Leafminers in Covasna’s Public Parks
Authors: DOMBI Örs Pál
Published: December 2021

The black locust trees from the Covasna resort spa’s parks are losing their aesthetic value because of their foliage is attacked by the larvae of two leaf miner species, Parectopa robinella Clemens and Phyllonorycter robiniella Clemens. The attack of this species begins in June-July and persists until the end of September. In the last three years the attack frequency produced by these species is increasing. So in 2008 the attack frequency was 9,2 % in 2010 has reached 18,8%. The same trend is reported also for the attack intensity, increasing annually the mines reported on a leaf. The number of mines/leaf for Phyllonorycter robiniella Clemens rise from 2,9 in the year 2008 to 3,7 mines/leaf in the year 2010; and for Parectopa robiniella Clemens it lowered from 2,3 mines/leaf in 2008 to 2,1 mines/leaf in the year 2010.
Research Regarding the Flow Rate and Pressure Variation for the Nozzles Mounted on the Eep-600m Spraying Machine
Authors: DROCAS Ioan , MARIAN Ovidiu , RANTA Ovidiu , STANILA Sorin , MUNTEAN Mircea , MOLNAR Adrian
Published: December 2021

Reduced environmental pollution and ensuring fair treatment in crops can be achieved through constructive and functional upgrading of spraying machines.

The paper studies the variation of the nozzle flow, liquid pressure and uniformity of distribution for the EEP-600M machine.

The experimental results have shown changes in the functional parameters of the nozzle (flow and pressure) depending on the nozzle position on the ramp section. The way of connecting the hoses leading the solution to the ramp and the number of nozzles per segment can influence the uniformity of distribution of the solution.
Researches on the Advantages for the Environment of Using Bio-Fuels to Vehicles
Authors: DUMITRU Mariana
Published: December 2021

The paper presents researches on the possibilities and advantages for the environment of using bio-fuels , especially bio-ethanol and bio-gas. The international context is favorable to using bio-fuels, considering that a direction of European Union establishes that in 2020, 20% of the energy consumption of Romania must be provided by rechargeable energy. One source for producing bio-fuels, not so much used until now is sugar beet. Sugar beet wastes are estimated as 1.22 times sugar production, since the total dry matter of processing wastes and field wastes exceed the weight of sugar in the ratio of 55:45. The novelty of the present paper approach is the fact that sugar beet is less used for producing bio-fuel, although its energetic efficiency is bigger than that of some of much studied bio-fuels, such as bio-diesel. Other advantages presented by sugar beet as bio-fuel is the fact that the technology can be completely mechanized, the possibility of preserving it for long periods of time as syrup and a very good efficiency. On the other hand, are presented the compared quantities of bio-gas obtained from different materials, from which resulted that sugar beet leafs have the best quantity of methane from bio-gas. The paper presents a big degree of practical applying and contains original researches. Another aspect which is worthy to be considered is that the emissions released by a motor using bio-ethanol are considerable less than that of a motor using conventional fuels.
Compare to Different Green Roughage Nutritional Value and Productivity on Southern Transdanubian Region
Authors: HOFFMANN Richárd , KOVÁCS Bernadett
Published: December 2021

Roughage produced on crop fields is basic roughage in cattle’s nutrition. If we do not have enough grassland, than we have to find alternatives in the vegetation period which are able to give cheap and natural roughage. Nowadays semi-intensive milk and beef production, as well as heifer rearing on the small or medium size farms, there is a demand for green fodder based diet during the vegetation period instead of monodietical or grass feeding.

To achieve a more efficient system of green feeding it is necessary to introduce new species in ruminant nutrition as green fodder, which nutritional value has not been exactly evaluated yet. The objective of this paper compare to different green roughage mixtures could be used in the green feeding system. The next mixtures were examined: triticale & vetch (Vicia pannonica), winter barley (Hordeum vulgare)& vetch. The yield and nutrition content were determined for the whole mixtures and for each mixture component.

There was significant difference among the roughage mixtures. Triticale mixed with pannon vetch (TR&PV) gave significantly higher yield (36.6 t/ha) than the two mixtures with winter barleys (29.7 t/ha and 31,4 t/ha). The crude protein contents was the lowest in case of TR&PV (168 g/kg DM), the highest crude protein was found in case of barley mixed with pannon vetch (182 g/kg DM). The nutritional value found in case of pannon vetch with barley and pannon vetch with triticale highly differs from those of other green fodders mentioned by Schmidt et al (2000).
Sheet and Rill Soil Erosion Estimation for Agricultural Land Evaluation
Authors: NICULITA Iuliana Cornelia
Published: December 2021

Soil erosion is an important limitative factor concerning agriculture. The estimation of soil erosion is needed for the agricultural land evaluation process, especially in the suitability process, as in Romanian land evaluation methodology. DEMs and thematic layers (geomorphometric parameters, land cover, soil particle-size) were used to apply several soil erosion models: USLE, RUSLE3D and USPED. Geostatistics was used to asses soil erosion modeling results, using soil legacy data. The areas mapped as potentially eroded and according to the strength of the potential can be used to derive a percent of the land mapping unit covered by soil erosion in different grades, according with romanian land evaluation methodology, but care must be taken to the quality of input data, for obtaining a precise estimate.
Research in Vegetation House on the Possible Use of Microorganisms in Bioremediation of Soils Contaminated with Crude Oil
Authors: PARVAN Lavinia , CARABIS Delia , TOTI M.
Published: December 2021

Within the remediation methods experimented all over the world, the bioremediation in situ based on the activity of microorganisms to use the oil hydrocarbons as carbon and energy source, is considered the most effective, especially, because it does not involves the severe and irreversible disruption of structure and, implicitly, the pedogenic characteristics of affected soil and its cost is relatively low.

The microorganisms represent probably the most important component of terrestrial ecosystems, which by their highly diverse physiological activity are the basis of the functions creating soil fertility.

The N100P100K100 fertilization treatment and application of bacterial inoculum proved the most effective so far.
Research on the Microbiological Diversity of the Chernozem Soil of Dobroudja, in the VALU TRAIAN Region
Authors: PASCU Tatiana , DELCA Elena , LACATUSU Anca Rovena
Published: December 2021

The most poignant global crisis is the one triggered by the conflict between the environment, the agriculture and the society. The continuous loss of humus and of the biodiversity combined with the decrease of the soil’s fertility, with losing its capacity to produce nourishment, energy and raw stocks lead to the impoverishment of the population. Dobroudja is the most barren region, the draught being an endemic phenomenon, desertification also being present, currently in the soil there is a maximum 2,65 t/ha of active biological substance and 109 t/ha of humus, which represents a 56% decrease compared to 80 years ago. We have set off to create an adequate plan to ecologically and biologically reconstruct the soil based on the research done in the Valu Traian area of Dobroudja. Firstly, we have stock-listed the current biological state of the soil in the Dobroudja ecosystem and then, by using laystall and Biovin bioactivators, we will try to feed into the soil as much micro-organisms and specific organisms as possible that are necessary to restore and biocatalytically reconstruct the organic substance into heteropolycondensated humus.
Prognosis on Concentration of Soil Organic Matter Using Maps of Organic Matter Distribution and Progress Mathematical Models
Authors: SFARU Raluca , CARDEI Petru , MURARU Vergil
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a method of prognosis of organic matter content evolution in a plane agricultural surface soil, using the information obtained by initial scanning with spectrophotometrical techniques. The scanning result – map of organic matter content distribution – is used as initial moment distribution for calculating the evolution of soil organic matter content in terms of time. In order to calculate the evolution in time of organic matter quantity, mathematical models described by differential equations known in specialty literature are used: Willigen et al. (2008 are used. .Knowing this evolution, we are able to evaluate the optimum moment applying and the fertilizer quantity necessary for obtaining the appropriate parameters of soil nutrients. Therefore, this method aims at predicting the evolution of organic matter content in an agricultural soil, on a plane surface, for being able to add in due time the chemical fertilizers treatments needed.
Characterization of a Typical Districambosol Soil from the Gutai Mountains – North of Romania
Authors: VOSGAN Zorica , VIDICAN Roxana , JELEA Stela , MARIAN Monica , MIHALESCU Lucia , MARE ROSCA Oana
Published: December 2021

This study has been carried out in a pastoral area of Maramures County, on the south-estic slope of Gutai Mountain, where it is situated the pasture for the ovines and caprines of the inhabitants of the surrounding villages.

It has been identified in this area a districambosol soil characterized by high acidity, a composition rich in nitrogen and humus due to slow humification, moderate reserves of potassium and phosphor. The assay indicates a clayey composition except for the At horizon which has a composition predominant in fine sand.

In order to increase the value of the pasture, improvement and maintainance works should be performed.
Fertilization and Quality of Winter Wheat Production Obtained in Long-Term Experiences with Mineral Fertilizers
Authors: DEAC Valeria , IGNEA Mircea , CHEŢAN Felicia , KADAR Rozalia , ŞIMON Alina
Published: December 2021

Long-term experiences are in fact a mirror in terms of land development, fertility and factors affecting their fertility status. (HERA,2002). A particularly important issue is the quality of production made it is directly related to the doses of fertilizer applied
Unconventional Soil Tilling Systems – Influencing Factor for the Content of Heavy Metals in the Soil
Authors: GUS Petru , POP Adrian , OPREA Gabriela
Published: December 2021

The different content of heavy metals measured in the soil and in the plant in the historically polluted area of Zlatna, in the years 2009 and 2010, confirms the influence of various factors, among which the way the tillable soil is tilled.
Dynamic of Hill Grassland Floristic Composition in Spring on the Effects of Fertilizers
Authors: HARMANESCU Monica , MOISUC Alexandru , SĂRĂTEANU Veronica , HORABLAGA Marinel , BOROZAN Aurica , RADU Florina , GERGEN Iosif
Published: December 2021

In a permanent grassland agro-ecosystem the floristic composition varied depending on substances flow, soil nutrients availability and climatic conditions (Rotar, 1997; Moisuc et al., 2001). On the floristic composition of forages will depended its quality and the satisfaction of nutritive necessities of animal’s, in relationship with the final quality of row matter (Ammerman et al., 1995; Church&Pond, 1988). The aim of this study was to discuss how the fertilisation influences the floristic composition of hill permanent grassland in spring. Principal Components and Classification Analysis (PC&CA) technique implemented in Statistica 6 software was used to perform the statistical interpretation.
The Influence of Seeds Dry System and Fungicide Treatment in Maize Young Plants Traits
Authors: STAN Cornelia , HAS Ioan , HAS Voichiţa , TRITEAN Nicolae , COPÂNDEAN Ana
Published: December 2021

One of the most important and difficult steps in the production of seed corn is drying and conditioning it, especially when seed production is done in ecological areas with limited temperature.