bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of occupational risk factors for the development of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in adults: A hospital-based case-control study
Authors: Sarpa Marcia , da Costa Vanessa Índio do Brasil , Ferreira Sâmila Natiane , de Almeida Carolina Ávila , de Oliveira Paula Gabriela Sousa , de Mesquita Letícia Vargas , Schilithz Arthur O. C. , Stefanoff Claudio Gustavo , Hassan Rocio , Otero Ubirani Barros
Published: February 2024

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) is a malignancy of the lymphoid lineage of the hematopoietic system has worldwide, especially in developed countries. Better diagnostic and recording techniques, longer life expectancy, and greater exposure to risk factors are hypotheses for this growing incidence curve. Occupational exposures to chemical, biological, and physical agents have also been associated with NHL development, but the results are still controversial. We have investigated the occupational and lifestyle case-control study design with 214 adult patients and 452 population controls. Socio-demographic, clinical, and occupational exposure data were obtained through individual interviews with a standardized questionnaire. Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological data were obtained through medical records. Risk of NHL (any subtype), B-cell lymphoma, DLBCL, Follicular lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma was elevated among the those who had ever been exposed to any solvents, hydrocarbon solvents, pesticides, meat and meat products, and sunlight and tended to increase by years of exposure. A significant upward trend with years of exposure was detected for any solvents and hydrocarbon solvents (NHL (any subtype) p-value for trend<0.001), B-cell lymphoma (p-value for trend<0.001), and T-cell lymphoma (p-value for trend<0.023), pesticides (NHL (any subtype), p for trend<0.001) and T-cell lymphoma (p for trend<0.002), meat and meat products (NHL (any subtype) (p for trend<0.001) and DLBCL (p for trend<0.001), and sunlight (B-cell lymphoma (p for trend<0.001). The results of this study agree line with other international studies, can be extrapolated to other countries that have the same socio-demographic and occupational characteristics as Brazil and support strategies for surveillance and control of work-related cancer.
Protein/Lipid ratio of pollen biases the visitation of bumblebees (Bombus ignitus Smith) to male-fertile cultivars of the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)
Authors: Mori Shinnosuke , Mitsuhata Masahiro , Yokoi Tomoyuki
Published: February 2024

Bees have been known to visit the male-fertile cultivars of self-incompatible flowering plants more frequently than the male-sterile cultivars, but the origin of this preference is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that this preference is driven by the higher protein/lipid ratio of male-fertile pollen compared with male-sterile pollen by way of two caged-behavioral assays with six cultivars. In the first assay, flower-naïve bumblebees (Bombus ignitus Smith) showed a significantly higher flower-visitation rate to male-fertile cultivars (pollen germination rate > 55%; > 14 visits/10 min) of the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) than male-sterile cultivars (pollen germination rate ≤ 20%; > 6 visits/10 min). In the second, bees still preferred the anthers of male-fertile cultivars (5–9 visits/10 min) more than those of male-sterile ones (less than 1 visit in 10 min) even in the absence of all other organs (i.e., petals, pistil, nectar), indicating that pollen is responsible for the preference. We then analyzed the macronutrient content of the pollen and its visual cues, and found that the bee preference was highly correlated with the protein/lipid ratio (0.3–1.6) but not color variables such as (a)chromatic contrast, intensity, and spectral purity. We conclude that the protein/lipid ratio influences the foraging behavior of the bumblebees likely by serving as (1) a chemotactile cue while antennating, (2) a gustatory cue after intake, and (3) an olfactory cue. In addition, the low bee visitation rate to poorly viable pollen could be due to its low protein/lipid ratio.
Epidemiology and infection control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci at a German university hospital: A three-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jochim-Vukosavic Adrian , Schwab Frank , Knegendorf Leonard , Schlüter Dirk , Bange Franz-Christoph , Ebadi Ella , Baier Claas
Published: February 2024

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) occur in hospitalized patients, causing both infection and colonization. In recent years, there has been an increase in VRE in German and other hospitals, raising the question of how to control this epidemic best. To better understand the specific epidemiology and to guide infection control, we conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing all patients with VRE at Hannover Medical School, a tertiary university clinic in Germany that specializes in solid organ transplantation. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients with VRE from 2015–2017 were collected. Basic epidemiologic parameters, including VRE incidence and incidence density, were calculated. Independent risk factors for nosocomial VRE infection compared to colonization were assessed using a logistic regression model. There were 1,492 VRE cases corresponding to 822 individual patients. The incidence was 0.8 VRE cases per 100 cases. A total of 536 (35.9%) of the 1,492 VRE cases were acquired nosocomially. Of the 1,492 cases, 912 cases had VRE-positive samples (894 Enterococcus (E.) faecium and 18 E. faecalis) in our hospital laboratory and the remaining cases were known VRE carriers. The vanB-phenotype was observed in 369 of the 894 (41.3%) E. faecium isolates and in 6 of the 18 (33.3%) E. faecalis isolates. There was an increase over time in the vanB-phenotype proportion in E. faecium (2015: 63 of 171, 36.8%, 2016: 115 of 322, 35.7% and 2017: 191 of 401, 47.6%). A total of 107 cases had a VRE infection (7.2% of all VRE cases) according to the criteria of the German National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections. The remaining cases were only colonized. Among other factors, leukocytopenia (<1,000/μL), the use of a central venous catheter and the visceral surgery medical specialty were independently associated with nosocomial VRE infection. VRE imposed a relevant and increasing infection control burden at our hospital. Nosocomial VRE infection was predominantly found in certain medical specialties, such as hematology and oncology and visceral surgery. Infection control efforts should focus on these highly affected patient groups/specialties.
Pilot RCT comparing low-dose naltrexone, gabapentin and placebo to reduce pain among people with HIV with alcohol problems
Authors: Tsui Judith I. , Rossi Sarah L. , Cheng Debbie M. , Bendiks Sally , Vetrova Marina , Blokhina Elena , Winter Michael , Gnatienko Natalia , Backonja Miroslav , Bryant Kendall , Krupitsky Evgeny , Samet Jeffrey H.
Published: February 2024

Background

To estimate the effects on pain of two medications (low-dose naltrexone and gabapentin) compared to placebo among people with HIV (PWH) with heavy alcohol use and chronic pain.

Methods

We conducted a pilot, randomized, double-blinded, 3-arm study of PWH with chronic pain and past-year heavy alcohol use in 2021. Participants were recruited in St. Petersburg, Russia, and randomized to receive daily low-dose naltrexone (4.5mg), gabapentin (up to 1800mg), or placebo. The two primary outcomes were change in self-reported pain severity and pain interference measured with the Brief Pain Inventory from baseline to 8 weeks.

Results

Participants (N = 45, 15 in each arm) had the following baseline characteristics: 64% male; age 41 years (SD±7); mean 2 (SD±4) heavy drinking days in the past month and mean pain severity and interference were 3.2 (SD±1) and 3.0 (SD±2), respectively. Pain severity decreased for all three arms. Mean differences in change in pain severity for gabapentin vs. placebo, and naltrexone vs. placebo were -0.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.76, 1.23; p = 0.73) and 0.88 (95% CI -0.7, 2.46; p = 0.55), respectively. Pain interference decreased for all three arms. Mean differences in change in pain interference for gabapentin vs. placebo, and naltrexone vs. placebo was 0.16 (95% CI -1.38, 1.71; p = 0.83) and 0.40 (95% CI -1.18, 1.99; p = 0.83), respectively.

Conclusion

Neither gabapentin nor low-dose naltrexone appeared to improve pain more than placebo among PWH with chronic pain and past-year heavy alcohol use.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT4052139).
Self-quarantining, social distancing, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi wave, longitudinal investigation
Authors: Lee Jerin , Wilson Jenna , Oosterhoff Benjamin , Shook Natalie J.
Published: February 2024

Social isolation and disconnectedness increase the risk of worse mental health, which might suggest that preventive health measures (i.e., self-quarantining, social distancing) negatively affect mental health. This longitudinal study examined relations of self-quarantining and social distancing with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A U.S. national sample (N = 1,011) completed eight weekly online surveys from March 20, 2020 to May 17, 2020. Surveys assessed self-quarantining, social distancing, anxiety, and depression. Fixed-effect autoregressive cross-lagged models provided a good fit to the data, allowing for disaggregation of between-person and within-person effects. Significant between-person effects suggested those who engaged in more self-quarantining and social distancing had higher anxiety and depression compared to those who engaged in less social distancing and quarantining. Significant within-person effects indicated those who engaged in greater social distancing for a given week experienced higher anxiety and depression that week. However, there was no support for self-quarantining or social distancing as prospective predictors of mental health, or vice versa. Findings suggest a relationship between mental health and both self-quarantining and social distancing, but further longitudinal research is required to understand the prospective nature of this relationship and identify third variables that may explain these associations.
Efficacy and safety of auricular therapy in the treatment of post-stroke constipation: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Chunyu , Niu Ping , Guan Huifang , Yu Ziqiao , Xu Qiaoli , Yu Junchao , Su Jing , Zhao Dexi
Published: February 2024

Background

Constipation is one of the common gastrointestinal complications after stroke. It not only aggravates the condition of stroke, but also brings huge medical burden to patients, and has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients. Auricular therapy, as a part of Chinese traditional acupuncture and moxibustion, has been found to be effective in the clinical treatment of constipation. However, no systematic review has investigated the efficacy and safety of auricular therapy in the treatment of post-stroke constipation. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness and safety of auricular therapy for post-stroke constipation.

Methods and analysis

Eight electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library/Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang, and VIP databases, will be searched for relevant studies published from inception to February 2023. Two reviewers will independently conduct research selection, data extraction, and evaluation of research quality. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assess the efficacy and safety of auricular therapy for the treatment of post-stroke constipation will be included in this study. We will use the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool to evaluate the methodological qualities (including bias risk). If possible, a meta-analysis will be performed after screening.

Results

This study may provide high-quality evidence for the efficacy and safety of auricular therapy in treating post-stroke constipation.

Conclusion

The conclusions of our study will provide an evidence to judge whether auricular therapy is an effective and safe intervention for patients with post-stroke constipation.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required, as this study was based on a review of published research. This review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated electronically and in print.

Trial registration

Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42023402242.
Factors associated with the leftover rate of side dishes in Japanese school lunches
Authors: Nakagiri Kiyo , Sato Yukari , Kawakami Takayo
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the leftover rate of side dishes in school lunches provided by communal kitchens in Japan’s Chugoku region, with a focus on vegetable dishes supplied in containers and three types of menu items served daily to 20 elementary and junior high schools in communal kitchen A for 116 days. First, the leftovers in the containers that were returned to the communal kitchen were weighed and combined. The study then compared outside temperature, distance from communal kitchen A, school type, number of students per class, assignment of nutrition teachers, and time elapsed after cooking. Finally, we examined the relationship between these factors and the leftover rate using multiple regression analysis. The median leftover rate was 20.1% (0–96.9) for 250 side dishes with a high leftover rate; however, this was widely distributed. The number of students per class, assignment of nutrition teachers, and time elapsed after cooking were strongly related to the leftover rate; the adjusted coefficient of determination, R2, was 0.236. The regression results indicated that regarding the side dish leftover rate, the standardized coefficient, β, was 0.414, 0.215, 0.107, 0.093, and 0.094 for the number of students per class, assignment of nutrition teacher, the time elapsed after the end of cooking, distance from communal kitchen A, and presence of seaweed, respectively (p<0.001). Dietary education by homeroom and nutrition teachers and reducing the time elapsed after cooking impacts students’ awareness and preferences, which may decrease the leftover rate.
Detection of driver mutations and genomic signatures in endometrial cancers using artificial intelligence algorithms
Authors: Stan Anda , Bosart Korey , Kaur Mehak , Vo Martin , Escorcia Wilber , Yoder Ryan J. , Bouley Renee A. , Petreaca Ruben C.
Published: February 2024

Analyzed endometrial cancer (EC) genomes have allowed for the identification of molecular signatures, which enable the classification, and sometimes prognostication, of these cancers. Artificial intelligence algorithms have facilitated the partitioning of mutations into driver and passenger based on a variety of parameters, including gene function and frequency of mutation. Here, we undertook an evaluation of EC cancer genomes deposited on the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancers (COSMIC), with the goal to classify all mutations as either driver or passenger. Our analysis showed that approximately 2.5% of all mutations are driver and cause cellular transformation and immortalization. We also characterized nucleotide level mutation signatures, gross chromosomal re-arrangements, and gene expression profiles. We observed that endometrial cancers show distinct nucleotide substitution and chromosomal re-arrangement signatures compared to other cancers. We also identified high expression levels of the CLDN18 claudin gene, which is involved in growth, survival, metastasis and proliferation. We then usedin silicoprotein structure analysis to examine the effect of certain previously uncharacterized driver mutations on protein structure. We found that certain mutations in CTNNB1 and TP53 increase protein stability, which may contribute to cellular transformation. While our analysis retrieved previously classified mutations and genomic alterations, which is to be expected, this study also identified new signatures. Additionally, we show that artificial intelligence algorithms can be effectively leveraged to accurately predict key drivers of cancer. This analysis will expand our understanding of ECs and improve the molecular toolbox for classification, diagnosis, or potential treatment of these cancers.
Linguistic analysis of health anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Peterson Alexandra D. , Kibbey Mindy M. , Farris Samantha G.
Published: February 2024

Health anxiety, which is defined as fear of having or contracting serious physical illness, is particularly salient in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a mixed methods study in which 578 narrative samples were analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to determine linguistic markers from six LIWC categories relevant to cognitive-behavioral features of health anxiety. Broad linguistic predictors were analyzed through three backward elimination regression models in order to inform subcategory predictors of each area of health anxiety. Thus, both broad and specific linguistic predictors of general health anxiety, virus-relevant body vigilance, and fears of viral contamination were examined. Greater use of affective category words in written narratives predicted general health anxiety, as well as body vigilance and viral contamination fears. These findings represent the first direct demonstration of linguistic analysis of health anxiety and provide nuanced information about the nature and etiology of health anxiety.
Species-specific emergence of H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus is driven by intrahost selection differences between chickens and ducks
Authors: de Bruin Anja C. M. , Spronken Monique I. , Kok Adinda , Rosu Miruna E. , de Meulder Dennis , van Nieuwkoop Stefan , Lexmond Pascal , Funk Mathis , Leijten Lonneke M. , Bestebroer Theo M. , Herfst Sander , van Riel Debby , Fouchier Ron A. M. , Richard Mathilde
Published: February 2024

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause severe hemorrhagic disease in terrestrial poultry and are a threat to the poultry industry, wild life, and human health. HPAIVs arise from low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs), which circulate in wild aquatic birds. HPAIV emergence is thought to occur in poultry and not wild aquatic birds, but the reason for this species-restriction is not known. We hypothesized that, due to species-specific tropism and replication, intrahost HPAIV selection is favored in poultry and disfavored in wild aquatic birds. We tested this hypothesis by co-inoculating chickens, representative of poultry, and ducks, representative of wild aquatic birds, with a mixture of H7N7 HPAIV and LPAIV, mimicking HPAIV emergence in an experimental setting. Virus selection was monitored in swabs and tissues by RT-qPCR and immunostaining of differential N-terminal epitope tags that were added to the hemagglutinin protein. HPAIV was selected in four of six co-inoculated chickens, whereas LPAIV remained the major population in co-inoculated ducks on the long-term, despite detection of infectious HPAIV in tissues at early time points. Collectively, our data support the hypothesis that HPAIVs are more likely to be selected at the intrahost level in poultry than in wild aquatic birds and point towards species-specific differences in HPAIV and LPAIV tropism and replication levels as possible explanations.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF ORGANS OF PROMISING SPECIES OF THE GENUS IRIS L. (IRIDACEAE)
Authors: Reut Antonina Anatolyevna , Beksheneva Liliya Fayzievna
Published: February 2024

Plants of the genus Iris L. are promising medicinal raw materials with significant biological and pharmacological activity. The quality of plant raw materials depends on the accumulation and distribution of potentially hazardous chemical elements in the plant body. The aim of this work was a comparative study of the accumulation and transfer of elements through the organs of plants of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae). The content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb in different parts of I. orientalis, I. pseudacorus, I. sibirica and I. spuria plants was analyzed by atomic absorption. It has been established that in the absence of soil pollution, irises accumulate arsenic in concentrations exceeding the maximum allowable. The accumulation of chromium in the raw material was also above the maximum allowable concentration for a number of study options. The efficiency of element transfer from the soil to the root system varied significantly (bioaccumulation factor 0.2–4.4). Iris rhizomes absorbed nickel most actively. The assimilation ability of the roots is also clearly expressed in relation to Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Mn. Depending on the element, accumulation in leaves is species-specific. The carrying capacity of the peduncle is most pronounced in I. sibirica, the barrier capacity is most pronounced in I. orientalis. Various types of translocation of elements in organs were revealed: acropetal, uniform, basipetal. All studied species are characterized by acropetal distribution of Pb (translocation factor >1) and uniform distribution of Mn. The location of Cd may vary depending on the species. Cu is concentrated in the roots (I. orientalis, I. sibirica, I. spuria) or evenly distributed (I. pseudacorus). The revealed patterns of accumulation and distribution of elements in the organs of plants of the genus Iris make it possible to carry out a prognostic assessment of the quality of raw materials to obtain safe products.
Hacia otra psicología del fascismo
Authors: Pavón-Cuéllar David
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo esboza una propuesta crítica de acercamiento psicológico al fascismo y al neofascismo para elucidar su origen en una fascistización concebida como producción de normopatía. Después de cuestionarse trabajos en los que se psicopatologiza a líderes y grupos ultraderechistas al presentarlos como anormales, se argumenta a favor del reconocimiento de su carácter cada vez más normal, explicándolo por el hecho coyuntural de la derechización y por el factor estructural de la banalidad del mal. Se muestra cómo esta normalización de la patología entraña una patología de la normalidad cuya versión psicopática se describe como normopática y se asocia con el capitalismo y con sus derivas políticas fascistas y neofascistas. La normopatía, ilustrada con el nazismo alemán y con su continuación a través de cierto sionismo israelí, se define como un problema de normatividad que es político, no psicológico, y que no debe por ello psicologizarse y así despolitizarse.
Inverse Kinematics Model For a 18 Degrees of Freedom Robot
Authors: Ortega-Palacios Miguel Angel , Palomino-Merino Amparo Dora , Reyes-Cortes Fernando
Published: February 2024

The study of humanoid robots is still a challenge for the scientific community, although there are several related works in this area, several limitations have been found in the literature that drive the need to develop an inverse kinematic modeling of biped robots. This paper presents a research proposal for the Bioloid Premium robot. The objective is to propose a complete solution to the inverse kinematics model for a 18 DOF (Degrees Of Freedom) biped robot. This model will serve as a starting point to obtain the dynamic model of the robot in a subsequent work. The proposed methodology can be extended to other biped robots.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome as a Stress Prediction Model in Mexican Dentistry Students
Authors: Pozos-Radillo Blanca Elizabeth , Preciado-Serrano María de Lourdes , Plascencia-Campos Ana Rosa , Aguilera-Velasco María de los Ángeles
Published: February 2024

The Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with stress that may occur in the academic context, given that students are exposed to high demands during their education process which can lead to the development of diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation and predictive value between the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) with stress in dentistry students at a public university in Mexico, taking into account the gender variable. The design is cross-sectional with 740 dental students. Nowack’s Stress Profile was used as well as the ROMA III criteria to identify IBS. Multiple lineal regression models were built, in which the dependent variable was IBS and the independent ones were the stress profile variables and group data. Such models were built independently for each sex and their results were compared. The IBS model in males was significant in the following variables: IBS = – 1.454 (problem concentration) + .315 (negative valuation) – .390 (social support network) + .513 (type A behavior) – .464 (rest/sleep), with a strength of R2 = .685; F = 75.72; p < .01 which explains 68% of the variance; and for females it was: ISB = – .041 (positive valuation) – .082 (eating habits/nutrition) with a strength of R2 = .643; F = 42.69; p < .01, which explains 64% of the variance. The comparative análisis determined that male dental students are at a greater risk of developing IBS due to stress. Therefore, programs aimed at a timely identification of the stress risk variables would be recommended to prevent consequences to the health, inadequate academic performance and wellbeing of dental students in Mexico.
Rola nauczyciela wiedzy o społeczeństwie w obecnej edukacji szkolnej w Polsce
Authors: Dutka Wojciech
Published: February 2024

The subject Civics (Social Knowledge) in outgoing school year 2023/2024 was replaced subject History and Present in standard level in Polish middle schools system. The role of Social Knowledge was reduced to higher level only. The decision of Polish Ministry of Education in school year 2021/2022 brings important implications in area of didactics, but also provides the consequences in culture, philosophy of school and ethics of teachers. The article first discusses the issue of modernity as a key concept for understanding the diagnosis of teaching Social Studies. Then the author tries to describe the teacher as a guide in postmodernity, however it refers to the philosophical concept of Hans-Georg Gadamer “historian as translator”. The author points out that when teaching Social Studies, it is important for the teacher to apply Pyrrho’s principle of epoche, i.e. suspension of one’s own views. Only in this way can the school become a place of dialogue. Knowledge about society appears to be an essential element of young people’s understanding of modern times based on the complexity of the world. The article describes this matter from point of view of philosophy and theory of didactics. The role of Civics (Social Knowledge) was brought to be important in building the civil society. Article shows the discussion and indicates some practical explanations.
Proces badawczy jako proces decyzyjny – rozważania w kontekście teorii decyzji
Authors: Jarota Martyna
Published: February 2024

The research process is a component of many complex activities planned and then implemented by the researcher. At each of its stages, both in the conceptual phase and the implementation phase, the researcher identifies problem situations that require specific decisions to be made. Therefore, it is considered reasonable to analyze the research process in the light of the decision theory, which was done in this article. This theory provides a theoretical framework that allowed the research process to be identified as a multi-faceted decision-making process in which the researcher is the decision maker. Moreover, thanks to the decision theory, the conditions that accompany the research process, i.e. the conditions of uncertainty and risk, were described. Ways to minimize this risk are also presented. The article also focuses on research competences, thus assuming that they include competences related to effective decision-making. Therefore, the characteristics of an efficient researcher-decision maker were characterized. The considerations presented in this study may be the basis for making methodological criticism, as well as methodological reflection. Both criticism and methodological reflection can contribute to the development of research methodology, including the methodology of individual scientific disciplines.
Gry komputerowe jako narzędzie resocjalizacji – wprowadzenie do problematyki i perspektywy badawcze
Authors: Łukasiak Anna
Published: February 2024

The aim of the article is to present computer games as a potential tool for application in social rehabilitation. The author extensively discusses fundamental issues related to computer games, such as terminology and definitions, while focusing on highlighting their distinctive features and diverse functions. Additionally, the article provides social and scientific justification for conducting research on the discussed topic, emphasizing the significance of computer games as a socio-cultural medium, the ongoing phenomenon of digitization, and the increasing engagement of users in such activities. To establish the theoretical foundations, the article refers to contemporary theories of resocialization, including social interactionism theory, creative resocialization, the concept of resilience, and cognitive theories. Furthermore, the author reviews the Polish scientific discourse on games in the field of social rehabilitation pedagogy, highlighting the lack of publications and studies regarding the utilization of computer games in this context. The conducted analysis indicates that the issue of employing computer games in resocialization remains undescribed and unexplored in domestic literature, which may serve as motivation for further research in this field in the future. The discovery of the potential that computer games have in the resocialization process can contribute to their utilization as an effective supporting tool for this process, bringing tangible benefits to individuals at risk of social maladjustment or social non-adaptation. Modernizing the process of resocialization through the use of computer games allows for the creation of an interactive and engaging environment that promotes active learning, the development of social skills, and the cultivation of prosocial attitudes. With their interactivity and adaptability to individual needs, computer games can provide a more efficient and personalized approach to resocialization, thus facilitating a better process of social reintegration for individuals.
The use of visual media when teaching the skill of writing to autistic students
Authors: Faruga Martyna , Polok Krzysztof , Przybysz-Zaremba Małgorzata
Published: February 2024

It is believed (Zaorska & Trajdowska, 2013) that autistic students are usually visual learners. It seems that the use of visual media and visually based teaching methods may be beneficial for such students. The aim of the present research was to discover whether visual media can be useful while teaching the skill of writing to autistic students. Furthermore, attempts were made to find out the difference between visually based approaches and non-specific ones when it comes to teaching autistic students. As far as inclusive education in Poland is concerned, the research aimed at showing its efficiency regarding the students with autism. In this paper, we would like to present the findings of our research because we believe that they may be useful for teachers who work with autistic students.
Zachowania autodestrukcyjne i suicydalne adolescentów jako odpowiedź na problemy egzystencjalne
Authors: Ćwikliński Andrzej
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the issue of self-destructive and suicidal behaviors of adolescents as a response to their existencial problems. Behavior of this type among young people is a big problem for both the people they concern and the people who organize help for tchem. There are many stressors in adolescence. Their source may be relationships with a close person, experience of loss, experience of abuse or humiliation by a caregiver or partner difficulties in school, work, sports or other activities as well as direct or media contacts with people, most often peers, who also display self-destructive behaviors. The study uses the lecture method based on the literature on the subject. The analysis of sources and scientific studies shows that the problem of self-destructive and suicidal behaviours among adolescents increases as a result of unfavourable living conditions and the lack of access to appropriate medical care.
Motywacja do nauki i jej kształtowanie w świetle zrealizowanych badań
Authors: Myjak Teresa
Published: February 2024

The aim of the publication is to checking whether women and men, pupils and students, differ in their understanding of motivation to learn and the reasons for shaping it. The research problem was formulated in the form of questions: how is “motivation to learn” understood? and what factors shape this motivation? Two research methods were used: literature analysis and one-dimensional analysis, which was used to describe data. The presentation of the results is a quantitative summary of the answers obtained. As a research tool, an original questionnaire questionnaire was used. The considerations were focused on two issues: understanding the concept of “motivation to learn” and factors shaping motivation to learn. An intersex and intergroup analysis of the obtained research results was carried out. The results of the research procedure made it possible to isolate factors showing that motivation to learn is understood by the respondents mainly as: (1) willingness to learn depending on the ability of this action to satisfy a specific need, and: (2) a positive way of perceiving oneself as a person developing and independent in action. In shaping the motivation to learn, it is important to: (1) be interested in learning and engage in the implementation of the set goals, and: (2) the belief that thanks to science you can achieve various benefits. Empirical research has led to the general conclusion that it would be better to focus on building motivation to learn, as this can be a key factor in achieving the expected results. Activities undertaken in this direction should be comprehensive, adapted to specific conditions.
Fehlerkultur – Leitbild für Bibliotheken
Authors: Ilg Jens , Seeliger Frank , Renn Oliver
Published: February 2024

Das Leitbild, dass Teilnehmer eines Bibliothekssymposiums erarbeiteten, ist eine Orientierungshilfe, wie in Bibliotheken mit Misserfolgen oder Fehlentscheidungen umgegangen werden sollte, und zwar präventiv als auch retrospektiv.
Proportionality in the European Banking Law.Lessons from Silicon Valley Bank
Authors: Arrigoni Matteo , Restelli Enrico Rino
Published: February 2024

936European prudential regulation imposes significant compliance costs on banks, justifying extensive use of proportionality. However, the failure of Silicon Valley Bank raised numerous objections to this approach. According to many scholars and practitioners, the crisis of SBV originated from a substantial loosening of the regulatory standards and the corresponding supervisory enforcement. In this context, the article discusses the intricate relations between proportionality and financial stability, reaching an articulated conclusion. While concerning prudential capital requirements it seems reasonable to adopt a uniform discipline, as to supervision (e. g., SREP), a proportional approach seems more appropriate. At the same time, the failure of SVB advocates in favor of a partly different approach toward corporate governance.
U. S. vs. EU Insider Trading Regulation: Risks and Challenges from a European Perspective
Authors: Remund Cédric , Tuchmann Paul
Published: February 2024

822In an ever more globalized financial market, investors are increasingly exposed to regulation and enforcement by multiple jurisdictions with varying rules, including different insider trading regimes. From a European perspective, potential exposure to the U. S. insider trading regime is particularly challenging. Especially for the non-U. S. practitioner, the U. S. insider prohibition is very complex and offers little legal certainty. And this uncertainty is all the more problematic for Europeans because the U. S. insider ban applies extraterritorially. Even more worrying, violations of the U. S. insider trading regime are often met with harsh consequences, ranging from stiff prison sentences to ruinous financial penalties. First, this article broadly outlines the contours of the U. S. insider trading regime as well as the current state of play for insider trading enforcement under U. S. law. Second, it outlines the fearsome (extra-) territorial reach of the U. S. insider trading ban, to allow a better assessment of a European’s potential exposure to the U. S. insider trading regime in different situations. Third, it highlights the main differences between the U. S. and the EU insider trading regulations, to identify the areas in which market participants on both sides of the Atlantic should be particularly cautious.
The Management and the Advice of (Un)Explainable AI
Authors: Dubovitskaya Elena , Buchholz Annika
Published: February 2024

794The article addresses the issue that is widely discussed in Germany and other jurisdictions: can the management of a company use AI applications in its decision-making process without violating its fiduciary duties? The lack of transparency in conventional AI applications conflicts with the fiduciary duty to check the plausibility of external expert advice (in Germany known as the ISION principles). This tension can be partly resolved by using explainable AI (XAI). In this work, we review the basic principles of machine learning and XAI and discuss them in the legal context.
Research integrity and academic medicine: the pressure to publish and research misconduct
Authors: Kearney Molly , Downing Maren , Gignac Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2024

Context

This narrative review article explores research integrity and the implications of scholarly work in medical education. The paper describes how the current landscape of medical education emphasizes research and scholarly activity for medical students, resident physicians, and faculty physician educators. There is a gap in the existing literature that fully explores research integrity, the challenges surrounding the significant pressure to perform scholarly activity, and the potential for ethical lapses by those involved in medical education.

Objectives

The objectives of this review article are to provide a background on authorship and publication safeguards, outline common types of research misconduct, describe the implications of publication in medical education, discuss the consequences of ethical breaches, and outline possible solutions to promote research integrity in academic medicine.

Methods

To complete this narrative review, the authors explored the current literature utilizing multiple databases beginning in June of 2021, and they completed the literature review in January of 2023. To capture the wide scope of the review, numerous searches were performed. A number of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were utilized to identify relevant articles. The MeSH terms included “scientific misconduct,” “research misconduct,” “authorship,” “plagiarism,” “biomedical research/ethics,” “faculty, medical,” “fellowships and scholarships,” and “internship and residency.” Additional references were accessed to include medical school and residency accreditation standards, residency match statistics, regulatory guidelines, and standard definitions.

Results

Within the realm of academic medicine, research misconduct and misrepresentation continue to occur without clear solutions. There is a wide range of severity in breaches of research integrity, ranging from minor infractions to fraud. Throughout the medical education system in the United States, there is pressure to publish research and scholarly work. Higher rates of publications are associated with a successful residency match for students and academic promotion for faculty physicians. For those who participate in research misconduct, there is a multitude of potential adverse consequences. Potential solutions to ensure research integrity exist but are not without barriers to implementation.

Conclusions

Pressure in the world of academic medicine to publish contributes to the potential for research misconduct and authorship misrepresentation. Lapses in research integrity can result in a wide range of potentially adverse consequences for the offender, their institution, the scientific community, and the public. If adopted, universal research integrity policies and procedures could make major strides in eliminating research misconduct in the realm of academic medicine.
Incidence and first trimester risk factors of stillbirth in Indonesia
Authors: Yusrika Mirani Ulfa , Al Fattah Adly Nanda , Kusuma Raden Aditya , Widjaja Felix Firyanto , Marizni Shinda , Putri Vania Permata
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To determine the incidence and the risk factors of stillbirth from maternal biophysical, ultrasound, and biochemical markers at 11–13 weeks of gestation in the Indonesian population.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women for first-trimester preeclampsia screening at 11–13 weeks of gestation in some clinics and hospital in Jakarta. Maternal characteristics and history, mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurement, uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) ultrasound, maternal ophthalmic peak ratio (Oph-PR) Doppler, and placental growth factor (PlGF) serum were collected during the visit. Stillbirth was classified into placental dysfunction-related when it occurred with preeclampsia or birth weight <10th percentile and non-placental dysfunction-related. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the risk factors associated with stillbirth.

Results

Of 1,643 eligible participants, 13 (0.79 %) stillbirth cases were reported. More than half of the stillbirths (7) were placental dysfunction-related. After adjusted with maternal age, body mass index (BMI), and parity status, chronic hypertension (aOR (adjusted odds ratio)) 24.41, 95 % CI {confidence interval} 5.93–100.43), previous pregnancy with preeclampsia (aOR 15.79, 95 % CI 4.42–56.41), MAP >101.85 (aOR 26.67, 95 % CI 8.26–86.06), UtA-PI >1.90 (aOR 10.68, 95 % CI 2.34–48.58, and PlGF <28.77 pg/mL (aOR 18.60, 95 % CI 5.59–61.92) were associated with stillbirth.

Conclusions

The incidence of stillbirth in the population is comparable to studies conducted in developed countries. Most routine variables assessed at the 11–13 weeks combined screening for preeclampsia are associated with the risk of stillbirth.
Implementation of the preCICE coupling interface for AC2/ATHLET
Authors: Herb Joachim , Weyermann Fabian
Published: February 2024

The design of new nuclear reactor types as well as the analysis of certain phenomena in existing reactors require to consider different physical models and three-dimensional phenomena like the effect of turbulence in fluids and three-dimensional (3D) heat conduction in complex structures. One-dimensional (1D) lumped parameter system codes used to simulate transients in nuclear reactors lack high-resolution models. Special codes like computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or computational structural mechanics codes (CSM) can simulate those, but they require significantly more computational resources. Therefore, different coupling methods have been developed to limit the use of computationally expensive codes to those parts of a plant where they are really needed and couple them with systems codes, which simulate the rest. The library preCICE enables simultaneous coupling of multiple simulation programs, e.g., the 3D CFD code OpenFOAM and the 3D CSM code CalculiX. preCICE coupling interfaces were developed for the system code ATHLET. We focused on fluid-fluid couplings and conjugate heat-transfer couplings. Coupled simulations were performed for an experiment at the test facility TALL for the transition from forced to natural circulation coupling ATHLET with OpenFOAM, and a generic building condenser geometry coupling the three codes ATHLET, CalculiX, and OpenFOAM. The correct integral transfer of the quantities at the coupling interfaces was verified. However, it was found that coupled quantities at the interfaces need to be converted from 0D to 2D and backwards considering the underlying physics, which goes beyond the pure numerical considerations of the preCICE library.
The COVID Pandemic and the Regulatory Geography of Rule of Law: Putting ‘Rule of Law’ in Its Place
Authors: Dowdle Michael W.
Published: February 2024

The Law and Development Institute’s 2003 Law and Development Conference on “Law and Development Post the Pandemic” inadvertently exposes the limits of ‘rule of law’ as a conceptual device for linking law and development. As will be explored, the developmental implications of that crisis highlighted geographic aspects of law and development that more conventional foci on economic development obscure. This is because these more conventional foci overlook spatial and geographical aspects of both rule of law and ‘development’ that are much more salient when focusing on the developmental import of the pandemic. This article will explore what those aspects are.
Binomials in English and French: ablaut, rhyme and syllable structure
Authors: Green Viola , Birdsong David
Published: February 2024

Binomial expressions (e.g., hocus-pocus; dribs and drabs) are irreversible sequences of two types: reduplicative binomials (e.g., pitter-patter) and conjoined binomials (e.g., wheeling and dealing). Both types exhibit similar phonological features such as rhyme, alliteration and ablaut alternation. The present study investigates English and French speaker preferences for phonological templates in binomials. Elicitation of preferences was carried out using nonsense sequences exemplifying the templates Simple Rhyme (e.g., fiply-biply; fudette-budette), Complex Onset Rhyme (e.g., settip and slettip; ni cougui ni crougi), and Ablaut (e.g., gesky and gosky; fudette-fudotte), which were pitted against each other, e.g., gesky and gosky (Ablaut) versus gesky and glesky (Complex Onset Rhyme). Results of two experiments – the first involving nonce sequences containing disyllabic terms, the second involving nonsense items with monosyllabic constituents – reveal that English speakers prefer Simple Rhyme in items containing disyllabic constituents, and Ablaut for items containing monosyllabic terms. In contrast, French speakers prefer Ablaut in both the disyllabic term and the monosyllabic term conditions. In both experiments, Simple Rhyme is preferred to Complex Onset Rhyme. The experimental results for English align with statistical distributions of phonological templates in the Thun (1963. Reduplicative words in English: A study of formations of the types tick-tick, hurly-burly and shilly-shally. Lund: Carl Bloms) corpus of binomials. Our testing of English and French respondents further reveals that certain preferences are dissimilar across languages. Our findings lead us to propose that constraint rankings for reduplicatives in English and French under Optimality Theory should be sensitive to the number of syllables in constituent terms. In sum, the study of binomial expressions is enhanced by experimental evidence of speakers’ preferences when presented with competing sequencing patterns.