bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Asimetri Informasi dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Manajemen Laba pada Sub Sektor Industri Rokok yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017
Authors: Rohayati Esty
Published: February 2020

Earnings management as a phenomenon is influenced by various kinds of factors that are the drivers of the emergence of this phenomenon. Information asymmetry and firm size are believed to influence earnings management. Several studies on the effect of information asymmetry and firm size on earnings management have been carried out. However, the results obtained still show inconsistencies, especially the size of the company. In this study, earnings management was measured by The modified Jones Model to calculate discretionary accruals. Information asymmetry is measured using bid-ask and the size of the company is measured using total assets. The study population consisted of 4 companies and the observation period starting in 2013-2017. The data used in this study are secondary data and sample selection using the purposive sampling method. Based on the results of the purposive sampling obtained 4 companies in the cigarette sector that met the sample criteria. The analytical method used is a multiple linear analysis method to test the effect of information asymmetry and firm size on earnings management. Statistical analysis is used, namely 1. Testing classic assumptions, which consist of normality test, heterocedasticity test, multicollinearity test and autocorrelation test. 2. Testing the hypothesis, which consists of a test of the coefficient of determination (R2), partial hypothesis testing (t-test) and simultaneous hypothesis testing (F-test). Based on the results of hypothesis testing using multiple linear analysis in this research, it can be concluded partially that information asymmetry has a positive and significant effect on earnings management, while firm size has a positive and significant effect on earnings management. As well as simultaneous testing, it was concluded that information asymmetry and company size had a positive and significant effect on earnings management in 4 (four) companies, Cigarette Industry Sub-Sector Registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). From the results of testing the coefficient of determination or (R Square) from the results of the second regression the independent variable (Information Asymmetry and Company Size) on Earnings Management is 99.0%, so based on the research results 99.0% (100-99.0) and the rest 1,0% is influenced by other factors not examined in the study.
Pengaruh Fundamental Ekonomi Daerah dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi di Kota Sungai Penuh Tahun 2010-2015
Authors: Rahayu Silvia
Published: February 2020

This research has a purpose to know to know the influence of economic growth, income per capita and HDI to economic development in Sungai Penuh City either simultaneously or partially and to know how relation of bamboo handicraft production development seen from aspect of labor, raw material and capital to effort of poverty Poverty in Siulak Subdistrict Based on the results of analysis using multiple linear regression analysis obtained results: 1. Regional economic fundamentals consisting of economic growth, income per capita and HDI have a significant influence on economic development either simultaneously or partially. The amount of influence of regional economic fundamentals on economic development is as follows: a. Simultaneously, F value counted 529,104 while F table (α = 0.05; db regression = 4: db residual = 2) was 19.25. Because F arithmetic> F table is 529,104> 19,25 then regression analysis is significant. This means that H0 is rejected and H1 accepted so it can be concluded that economic development in Kota Sungai Penuh 2010-2015 can be significantly influenced by free variable of regional economic fundamentals that is economic growth variable, income per capita and HDI. B. Partially, t arithmetic X1 (economic growth) = 4.836 and t table of 2.920. Because t arithmetic> t table is 4.836> 2.920 and from the table obtained a significance value of 0.008, then the influence of X1 (economic growth) is significant. This means that H0 is rejected and H1 accepted, so it can be concluded that economic development in Kota Sungai Penuh can be significantly influenced by real economic growth variable. From the coefficient value is known that economic growth has an effect of 0.139% on economic development. T arithmetic X2 (income per capita) = 6,813 and t table is equal to 2,920. Because t arithmetic> t table is 6.813> 2.920 and from the table obtained value of significance 0.019, then the influence of X2 (income per capita) is significant. This means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, so it can be concluded that economic development in Kota Sungai Penuh can be significantly influenced by per capita income variable significantly. From the coefficient value is known that income per capita have influence equal to 0,886% to economic development. T arithmetic X3 (IPM) = 6.602 and t table of 2.920. Because t arithmetic> t table is 6.602> 2.920 and from the table obtained value of significance 0.027, then the influence of X3 (HDI) is significant. This means that H0 is rejected and H1 accepted, so it can be concluded that economic development in Kota Sungai Penuh can be significantly influenced by real HDI variable. From the coefficient value is known that the HDI has an effect of 2.366% of economic development. Keywords : Economic Growth, Per Capita Income, HDI
ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN PENGELOLAAN DANABANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH (BOS) PADA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 34/1 TERATAI
Authors: Kosasih Niki
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the management of the school operational assistance fund (BOS). This research was conducted at SDN 34./1 Teratai. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method. Where the focus of this research is to describe / describe the Implementation of BOS SD Fund Management in 34 / I Teratai Public Elementary School, Muara Bulian Subdistrict, Batang Hari Regency, 2017. Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the implementation of the management of BOS funds at SDN 34 / I Teratai has been running as it should in accordance with the Responsibility instructions for the use of BOS funds in 2017 even though the management of BOS funds has been carried out as well as possible but errors and shortcomings are still found even though only a small scope such as misplaced position and tax issues and even then it does not happen again but it is not an intentional element of the BOS funds manager and the problems encountered can still be corrected and resolved properly.
KONTRUKSI YURIDIS BADAN USAHA MILIK DAERAH MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH
Authors: Sumadiyono Sigit , Rostarum Triamy
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan bentuk usaha dari Badan Usaha Milik Daerah yang sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Obyek dari peneltian ini adalah Badan Usaha Milik Daerah. perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana pengaturan Badan Usaha Milik Daerah menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah; dan (2) Bagaimana Kontruksi Yuridis Badan Usaha Milik Daerah Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah dan peraturan turunan lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan bentuk hukum dari Badan Usaha Milik Daerah sebelum keluarnya Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan dan setelah undang-undang tersebut diundangan
IMPLEMENTASI TUGAS HAKIM PENGAWAS DAN PENGAMAT TERHADAP NARAPIDANA PADA LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS II A JAMBI
Authors: Bahrun Bahrun , Nggeboe Ferdricka , Nuraini Nuraini
Published: February 2020

Implementasi tugas Hakim Pengawas dan Pengamat dalam melakukan pengawasan dan pengamatan terhadap narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Jambimerupakan seperangkat kegiatan yang secara nyata telah dilakukan oleh hakim yang ditunjuk Ketua Pengadilan sebagai Hakim Pengawas dan Pengamat untuk melakukan pengamatan terhadap narapidana selama mereka menjalani masa pidanaya terutama mengenai perilaku mereka masing-masing maupun perlakuan para petugas Lembaga Pemasyarakatan terhadap diri narapidana itu sendiri. Dengan demikian hakim selain akan dapat mengetahui sampai dimana putusan pengadilan tampak hasil baik buruknya pada diri narapidana yang bersangkutan, juga penting bagi penelitian yang bermanfat bagi pemidanaan. Ditemukan hambatan- hambatan selaku Hakim pengawas dan pengamat dalam menjalankan tugas dan wewenangnya, maka diperlukan pengaturan sebaiknya dimasa depan tentang peranan Hakim Pengawas dan Pengamat  yang sebaiknya diterapkan adalah norma hukum acara pidana yang mengatur secara jelas dan tegas tentang peranan Hakim Pengawas dan Pengamat terhadap perubahan perilaku narapidana, sedemikian sehingga setiap terjadinya penjatuhan pidana, dapat dipastikan bahwa terpidana tidak akan melakukan resedivisme, melalui mekanisme pengawasan   dan pengamatan  oleh Hakim Pengawas dan Pengamat, yang sebagian fungsinya dilimpahkan kepada Ketua RT/Desa/Kelurahan domisili narapidana dan Balai Pemasyarakatan.
PERBEDAAN PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA YANG MEMPEROLEH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TWO STAY-TWO STRAY (TS-TS) DAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DI KELAS VII SMP ISLAM AL-FALAH JAMBI
Authors: Mulyani Putri , Zulyadaini Zulyadaini , Defitriani Eni
Published: February 2020

This research was motivated by the low mathematical problem-solving ability of the seventh grade students of Al-Falah Islamic Junior High School Jambi. This research is a quasi-experimental study with Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design design and a pattern that is all students of Al-Falah Islamic Middle School in the academic year 2017/2018. Sampling used purposive sampling, which is a sample consisting of three classes namely class VII.1, VII.2 and VII.4 where the given sample is different. The instruments used in this study are teaching materials and mathematical solution ability tests. The research data were analyzed using non parametric Kruskal Wallis H. statistical results. The results showed that there were differences faced by students who studied with two types of Two Stay-Two Stray (TS-TS), Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning models, and models conventional learning. After further using the Games-Howell test, the differences in the TS-TS class and PBL class then become PBL classes and Conventional classes.Keywords: Mathematical problem solving ability, Two stay-Two Stray (TS-TS), Problem Based Learning (PBL).
PEMADATAN LAPANGAN ASPHALT CONCRETE BINDER COURSE (AC-BC) PADA PEMBANGUNAN JALAN SIMPANG KARYA MUKTI KABUPATEN BATANGHARI
Authors: Siswoyo Siswoyo , Yamali Fakhrul Rozi
Published: February 2020

Pembangunan Jalan Simpang Karya Mukti Kabupaten Batanghari sepanjang 3,70 km yang terdiri dari Lapis Pondasi Tanah Semen (SCB), Lapis Asphalt Concrete Binder Course (AC-BC), Lapis Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk ; 1.Menghitung koefisien pemadatan (factor gembur) hamparan Asphalt Concrete Binder Course (AC-BC) dilapangan, 2. Mengetahui jumlah passing / lintasan dan temperatur serta jenis alat yang dipakai pada pemadatan awal, pemadatan antara dan pemadatan akhir, 3. Mendapatkan tebal padat Asphalt Concrete Binder Course (AC-BC) ≥ 6.00 Cm (tebal nominal) dan nilai derajat kepadatan minimal 98% sebagai identifikasi pengendalian mutu pekerjaan yang dilaksanakan. Hasil pembahasan didapat Nilai koefisien pemadatan (faktor gembur) hamparan dilapangan Asphalt Concrete Binder Course (AC-BC) adalah 20 % dari tebal padat 6 Cm = 1.20 Cm, maka total hamparan gembur 6.00 Cm + 1.20 Cm = 7.20 Cm, 2). Jumlah passing/lintasan dan temperatur serta jenis alat yang dipakai pada pemadatan awal, pemadatan antara dan pemadatan akhir adalah berpedoman pada percobaan variasi II yaitu pemadatan awal 2 passing Tandem Roller(8 Ton) dengan suhu 125˚C, pemadatan antara 14 passing Pneumatic Tire Roller(12 Ton) dengan suhu 100˚C dan pemadatan akhir 2 passing Tandem Roller(8 Ton) dengan suhu 95˚C, 3). Setelah dilakukan core tebal yang didapat adalah 6.05 Cm > 6.00 Cm dan nilai derajat kepadatan adalah 99.89 % > 89.00 %.Kata kunci: AC-BC, Hot Bin, Koefisien Pemadatan
OPTIMALISASI PELAKSANAAN PROYEK DENGAN METODE CPM (CRITICAL PATH METHODE)
Authors: Dwiretnani Annisaa , Kurnia Arrazaq
Published: February 2020

Bangunan Mapolsek Danau Teluk yang lama sudah tidak memadai baik dari segi kualitas maupun dari kuantitas untuk menampung seluruh kegiatan pengguna didalamnya dengan baik dan lancer. pembangunan satu unit kantor Mapolsek Danau Teluk, yang berlokasi di Jl. KH. M. Saleh., dimaksudkan untuk menggantikan fungsi bangunan lama. Mapolsek Danau Teluk ini bertingkat dua dengan luas lantai 232,5 m2. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu data primer dan sekunder.Dalam melakukan analisa, perhitungan yang dilakukan peneliti berdasarkan pada data dari Proyek Pembangunan Mapolsek Danau Teluk. Adapun tujuan mengetahui jaringan kerja, dan  lintasan kritis serta  Menghitung waktu yang optimal untuk menyelesaikan proyek pembangunan Mapolsek Danau Teluk Kota Jambi dengan menggunakan metode CPM (Critical Path Methode). Dari hasil analisis diketahui jalur lintasan kritis terdapat pada 19 pekerjaan dengan durasi pemyelesaian proyeknya 203 hari
Kinerja Alat Hydraulic Static Pile Driver (HSPD) Pada Proyek Perluasan Terminal Bandara Sultan Thaha Jambi
Authors: Dwiretnani Annisaa , Daulay Indra Agustian
Published: February 2020

Salah satu alat yang umumnya dipakai pada proyek untuk bangunan tinggi adalah alat pancang untuk pengerjaan pondasi. Dengan keadaan proyek yang berada ditengah-tengah pemukiman penduduk lainnya, maka alat pancang yang sering digunakan dalam situasi ini adalah hydraulic static pile driver (HSPD). Kelebihan alat ini antara lain gangguan terhadap lingkungan dapat diminimalkan karena tidak menimbulkan getaran dan kebisingan. Konstruksi pondasi dalam (deep foundation) mempunyai struktur yang sangat kompleks dibandingkan dengan konstruksi pondasi dangkal (shallow foundation). Metode konstruksinya memiliki penampilan yang lebih rumit atau memiliki banyak keterkaitan dengan bagian-bagian lainnya. Salah satu jenis alat pancang yang sering digunakan adalah jenis hydraulic static pile driver (HSPD).
Speech of Dr. Luigi Patronaggio, Chief Prosecutor of Agrigento
Authors: Patronaggio Luigi
Published: February 2020

Is it possible to have a kind of justice that goes beyond punitive action? Is it possible to form a social conflict, also considering the new migratory flows and the different cultural identities of social actors? Are we capable of handling the complexity of this society where different cultures coexist and “shadows/hates”, apparently unmanageable, are more and more present? This speech attempts to answer to all of these questions by entrusting the solution to principles of right and tolerance.
The Development of Teaching Materials for the Principles of Nonformal Education Based on Higher Order Thinking Skills on The Subject of Tasks and Population Goals of Non Formal Education
Authors: Yusnadi Yusnadi , Rosdiana Rosdiana , Anifah Anifah
Published: February 2020

This research aims at generating: (1) the procedure of teaching material development (handbook) for the principles of nonformal education based on higher order thinking skills on the subject of population and education goals non formal education, and (2) the teaching materials for the principle of nonformal education based on higher order thinking skills on the Subject of Population and education goals that was valid to be used in learning process. With this purpose, the research was conducted using research and development methods. This research was held for 3 months at the Faculty of Education, Medan State University. The data was collected through a survey that was constructed by the appraisement of teaching materials for the principles of nonformal education based on higher order thinking skills from validator experts, language experts, instructional experts and students. The data was analyzed using descriptive-quantitative approach. The results of this research were (1) the procedure of teaching material development for the principles of nonformal education based on higher order thinking skills were valid to be used, and (2) The teaching materials of the principles of nonformal education were valid to be used in learning process for the subject of the principles of nonformal education.
Salmonella Hepatitis in Children : An Update
Authors: Kadir Sadika , Begum Tamanna , Islam Md Rafiqul , Nabi Golam , Haque Md Ashraful , Hoque Naima Sharmin , Yasmeen BH Nazma
Published: February 2020

Salmonella hepatitis is one of the atypical presentations of typhoid fever and can be defined as reversible involvement of liver during the course of typhoid fever. There have been more than 150 cases of salmonella hepatitis reported both in developed and developing countries. The documented incidence varies widely from 1 to 26% of patients with Typhoid fever. It presents with jaundice and tender hepatosplenomegaly. Investigation shows slightly raised transaminase levels with or without 5 adenosine neucleosidase and or decreased prothombin time index. It complicates into hepatic encephalopathy and bleeding diathesis. A positive culture for Salmonella from blood or stool is essential to differentiate Salmonella hepatitis from other causes of acute hepatitis. Hepatic pathology is characterized by the presence of typhoid nodules with marked hyperplasia of reticuloendothelial system. The ALT/LDH ratio < 9 is suggestive of Salmonella hepatitis which is > 9 in viral hepatitis. The prognosis is usually good as Salmonella hepatitis responses with specific antibiotic therapy and jaundice resolves with clinical improvement. The clinical course can be severe with high mortality (20%) sometime. In our country where enteric fever is endemic, the recognition of Salmonella hepatitis is of clinical importance .

Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.10 (2) Jan 2019: 397-399
A very young patient with Tubercular Meningitis and its complications
Authors: Akhter Rowshan Jahan , Yasmeen BH Nazma
Published: February 2020

A case report on a successful management of an eight months old boy with Tubercular Meningitis with Multiple Tuberculoma in Brain with Obstructive Hydrocephalus with Left sided Lower motor neuron type Facial Palsy with Right Sided Hemiparesis. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the Brain Meninges.1,2 In TBM inflammation occur mainly in the base of the brain and when the inflammation affect the brain stem subarachnoid area, cranial nerve roots then symptoms may occur like space-occupying lesions.3,4 TBM is more common in children than in adults, especially children aged 0-5 years.5 In children central nervous system tuberculosis usually presents as tubercular meningitis, post-tubercular meningitis hydrocephalus, and rarely a space-occupying lesions known as tuberculomas.6 TBM accounts for 2–5% of all active cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.7 Pulmonary infection coexists in 25–83% of TBM.8-10 Predominately primary CNS infection is found in children and leptomeningeal infection presents as meningitis, cranial nerve (CN) palsies (most commonly CN 2, 3, 4, and 7), and communicating hydrocephalus.11

Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.10 (2) Jan 2019: 400-401
GAMBARAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DASAR MATEMATIKA SISWA DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM BIMBINGAN KONSELING
Authors: Primakuria Septi
Published: February 2020

Pembelajaran Matematika merupakan pelajaran yang dianggap sulit bagi siswa. Hal ini disebabkan belajar matematika cenderung mengharuskan siswa untuk memecahkan masalah secara logis, kreatif dan kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran konsep dasar matematika dan kerjasama guru BK dengan guru mata pelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi deskriptif kuantitatif dengan sampel sebanyak 30 orang siswa. Instrumen yang diberikan berupa tes soal matematika. Dari hasil tes didapat, dalam penjumlahan dan pengurangan 33.3%; perkalian dan pembagian 26.67%; bilangan bulat 26.67%; pecahan dan bilangan desimal 16.67%; dan aljabar 20%.Kata Kunci: Konsep Dasar Matematika
MENGURANGI AGRESI VERBAL SISWA MELALUI TEKNIK SOSIODRAMA (Studi Eskperimen kelas VII MTs Islamic Center Nahdlatul Wathan Batam)
Authors: Rofiqah Tamama
Published: February 2020

Teknik sosiodrama merupakan pemberian bantuan kepada siswa yang memiliki permasalahan dalam hubungan sosial dengan cara membentuk sebuah kelompok dan permasalahannya akan diselesaikan dengan bermain peran. Dengan mengikuti teknik sosiodrama ini siswa diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dalam bertingkah laku dan bersosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah teknik sosiodrama dapat mengurangi perilaku agresi verbal siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan Pre-Eskperimen ( The One Group Pretest-Posttest Design). Penelitian dilakukan di MTs Islamic Center Nahdlatul Wathan dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 20 orang. Instrument yang digunakan adalah angket skala likert. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum perilaku agresi verbal siswa dapat dikurangi melalui penerapan teknik sosiodrama. Oleh karena itu, salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan oleh guru BK dalam menangani siswa yang berperilaku agresi adalah dengan menerapkan teknik sosiodrama.
ASSESSMENTS ON THE TRIPS AGREEMENT AND THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Authors: MİSİLİ Sinan
Published: February 2020

Doha Ministerial Declaration (The Fourth Ministerial Conference of World Trade Organization (WTO), held on 9 – 14 November 2001, in Doha, Qatar) paragraph 19 instructs “the Council (of WTO) for Trade - Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), in pursuing its work programme including under the review of Article 27.3(b), the review of the implementation of the TRIPS Agreement under Article 71.1 and the work foreseen pursuant to paragraph 12 of this Declaration, to examine, inter alia, the relationship between TRIPS Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the protection of traditional knowledge and folklore, and other relevant new developments raised by Members pursuant to Article 71.1”. With this instruction the works in WTO regarding the review of “the provisions of Article 27.3(b)”, “the relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and CBD”, and “the protection of traditional knowledge and folklore” started. It is clear that paragraph 19 has three mandates. This work will examine and describe the work in the TRIPS Council (Council) on the relationship between TRIPS and CBD. While examining the relationship, this work will be focused on the main arguments and proposals regarding the issue which are made and presented by the several WTO Members. In the first part of the work, TRIPS agreement and CBD with related articles regarding the issue will be examined. In the second part, general discussions on the issue will be examined. In the third part, more particular disscussions on the issue, especially on the point of prior informed consent, will be focused and different approachs between members will be seen. Lastly this work will seek an answer regarding whether there is any conflict between TRIPS and CBD or possibility of compromise.
ANONİM ŞİRKETLERDE BORCA BATIKLIK VE SIRADAN ÇEKİLME SÖZLEŞMELERİ
Authors: DÖNMEZ ASLAN Şükriye
Published: February 2020

Sermaye şirketlerinde sorumluluk şirkete konulan sermaye ile sınırlıdır.
Bu sebepledir ki sermaye şirketlerinde sermaye kaybı istenmeyen bir durum
olarak karşımıza çıkar. Sermaye ile sınırlı sorumluluğun söz konusu olduğu
anonim şirketler bakımından da sermaye kaybı istenmeyen bir durumdur. Borca
batıklık da bu kapsamda istenmeyen durumların başında gelir. Kanunlarımızda da
sermayenin korunmasına ilişkin düzenlemelere yer verilmiştir. Anonim şirketler
bakımından borca batıklık ve borca batıklık halinde yönetim kurulunun görevleri
Türk Ticaret Kanunu 376/3 maddesinde düzenlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda yönetim
kurulunun başlıca görevi bilanço hazırlamak ve borca batıklık sonucunun elde
edilmesi halinde mahkemeye başvurarak şirketin iflasını istemektir. Kanunda
borca batık şirketin iflasını önleyen istisnai bir düzenlemeye de yer
verilmiştir. Buna göre geçerli bir sıradan çekilme sözleşmesinin varlığı
halinde şirketin iflasına karar verilemez.
Effect of Habitat and Foliar Fertilization with K, Zn and Mn on Winter Wheat Grain and Baking Qualities
Authors: Sobolewska Magdalena , Wenda-Piesik Anna , Jaroszewska Anna , Stankowski Sławomir
Published: February 2020

Cereal monoculture causes a series of unfavorable changes in field habitat, for example a decrease in technological quality and yield. This system can lead to a shortage of microelements in the diet of poor communities. Moreover, breeding of highly productive plants caused a significant “dilution effect” of the necessary nutrients, such as Zn and Fe. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of two strategies: crop rotation (after rapeseed and many years of monoculture of Galega orientalis Lam.) and foliar fertilization with microelements on the yield, yield elements, physical quality, and farinograph characteristics of winter wheat grain and flour. Results showed that pre-crop preparation and cultivation year have the highest effect on yield, yield components, and qualitative and farinographic characteristics of winter wheat. Foliar additional feeding favorably affected the yield and its components, although the particular fertilization treatment did not significantly increase the yield. Grain quality, its physical characteristics and the rheological parameters of flour were strongly modified by habitat conditions, including weather conditions. Dough obtained from wheat grown after galega showed significantly higher water absorption and prolonged consistency.
Weather-Based Predictive Modeling of Wheat Stripe Rust Infection in Morocco
Authors: El Jarroudi Moussa , Lahlali Rachid , Kouadio Louis , Denis Antoine , Belleflamme Alexandre , El Jarroudi Mustapha , Boulif Mohammed , Mahyou Hamid , Tychon Bernard
Published: February 2020

Predicting infections by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, with sufficient lead times, helps determine whether fungicide sprays should be applied in order to prevent the risk of wheat stripe rust (WSR) epidemics that might otherwise lead to yield loss. Despite the increasing threat of WSR to wheat production in Morocco, a model for predicting WSR infection events has yet to be developed. In this study, data collected during two consecutive cropping seasons in 2018–2019 in bread and durum wheat fields at nine representative sites (98 and 99 fields in 2018 and 2019, respectively) were used to develop a weather-based model for predicting infections by P. striiformis. Varying levels of WSR incidence and severity were observed according to the site, year, and wheat species. A combined effect of relative humidity > 90%, rainfall ≤ 0.1 mm, and temperature ranging from 8 to 16 °C for a minimum of 4 continuous hours (with the week having these conditions for 5% to 10% of the time) during March–May were optimum to the development of WSR epidemics. Using the weather-based model, WSR infections were satisfactorily predicted, with probabilities of detection ≥ 0.92, critical success index ranging from 0.68 to 0.87, and false alarm ratio ranging from 0.10 to 0.32. Our findings could serve as a basis for developing a decision support tool for guiding on-farm WSR disease management, which could help ensure a sustainable and environmentally friendly wheat production in Morocco.
Phytophthora Antagonism of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Roots of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Authors: Ngo Van Anh , Wang San-Lang , Nguyen Van Bon , Doan Chien Thang , Tran Thi Ngoc , Tran Dinh Minh , Tran Trung Dzung , Nguyen Anh Dzung
Published: February 2020

In this study, 90 root samples were collected from 30 black pepper farms in three provinces in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. A total of 352 endophytic bacteria were isolated and their morphology described. An in vitro assay on the antifungal activity of these isolates was then conducted and 47 isolates were found to have antagonistic activity on Phytophthora fungi. The antifungal activity of the 47 isolates was evaluated in vivo by shoot assay. Among these 47 isolates, 6 were selected for further investigation. The six isolates were classified and identified by sequencing the 16S RNA gene and phylogeny. The results showed that all six endophytic bacteria belong to the following species of Bacillus genus: B. siamensis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezenis, and B. methylotrophiycus. Enzymatic activity related to the antifungal activity of the six potent isolates was determined; it showed that they possessed high chitinase and protease activities. These isolates were applied for black pepper seedlings in greenhouse. The results showed three promising isolates: B. siamensis EB.CP6, B. velezensis EB.KN12, and B. methylotrophycus EB.KN13. Black pepper seedlings treated with the promising bacteria had the lowest rate of root disease (8.45–11.21%) and lower fatal rate (11.11–15.55%) compared to the control group (24.81% and 24.44%). In addition, the three promising isolates strongly affected the growth of the black pepper seedlings in greenhouse. The plant height, length of roots, and fresh biomass of the seedlings in the treated plots were higher than those in the control plots. Thus, the endophytic bacterial isolates have the potential to act as biocontrol agent for the sustainable production of black pepper.
Diversity and Effectivity of Indigenous Mesorhizobium Strains for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Myanmar
Authors: Soe Khin Myat , Htwe Aung Zaw , Moe Kyi , Tomomi Abiko , Yamakawa Takeo
Published: February 2020

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the world’s main leguminous crops that provide chief source of food for humans. In the present study, we characterized thirty isolates of indigenous chickpea rhizobia from Myanmar based on the sequence analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The sequence analysis confirmed that all isolates were categorized and identified as the genus Mesorhizobium and they were conspecific with M. plurifarium, M. muliense, M. tianshanense, and M. sp. This is the first report describing M. muliense, M. tianshanense, and M. plurifurium from different geographical distribution of indigenous mesorhizobia of chickpea in Myanmar. In order to substitute the use of chemical fertilizers in legume production, there is a need for the production of Biofertilizers with rhizobial inoculants. The effectiveness of Myanmar Mesorhizobim strains isolated from soil samples of major chickpea growing areas of Myanmar for plant growth and nitrogen fixation were studied in pot experiments. The nodule dry weight and acetylene reduction activity of the plant inoculated with Mesorhizobium tianshanense SalCP19 was significantly higher than the other tested isolates in Yezin-4 chickpea variety. But, Mesorhizobium sp. SalCP17 was showed high level of acetylene reduction activity per plant in Yezin-6 chickpea variety.
Combined Addition of Bovine Bone and Cow Manure: Rapid Composting of Chestnut Burrs and Production of a High-quality Chestnut Seedling Substrate
Authors: Chen Wangzun , He Libing , Tian Shiyi , Masabni Joseph , Zhang Riqing , Zou Feng , Yuan Deyi
Published: February 2020

In China, chestnut burrs (CB) are produced at a rate of a million tons per year as the major byproduct of chestnut orchards. It is necessary to utilize the chestnut forest green waste and convert it into a valuable seedling media for the sustainable cultivation of chestnut seedlings. In this study, we composted CB with two waste products of cattle farming, namely cow manure (CM) and bovine bone (BM). We also evaluated the potential of CB compost application in chestnut forest sustainability. Results indicated that the best combination was the addition of 15% BM and 55% CM. This combination significantly improved the composting environment by increasing pH, enhancing phosphorus concentration and mineral elements such as Ca, Na, Mg and Zn, and shortened the composting period to 38 days. This combination also resulted in the highest content of citric acid-P (109.20 times than the control treatment) and the lowest content of NH4+–N (0.28 times than control treatment) indicating a better N and P structure of the final compost product. This combination achieved a greater degradation rate of CB cellulose (61.45%), hemicellulose (37.87%), and a more significant degradation of outer epidermis structure. When CB compost was used as a growing media, a significant decrease in photosynthesis stress of chestnut seedlings was observed, which was mainly manifested as a decrease in photochemical quenching (qP) and an increase of the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry under dark-adaption (Fv/Fm). Addition of 10% CB compost (in volume basis) is suggested, which resulted in the tallest chestnut seedlings (59.83 cm) with a stem diameter of 0.91 cm after six months of growth. In summary, this research provides an environmentally friendly strategy for chestnut orchard sustainability: rapid composting of CB, then immediate application as a high-quality substrate for chestnut seedlings.
Brevinin-2GHk from Sylvirana guentheri and the Design of Truncated Analogs Exhibiting the Enhancement of Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Chen Guanzhu , Miao Yuxi , Ma Chengbang , Zhou Mei , Shi Zhanzhong , Chen Xiaoling , Burrows James F. , Xi Xinping , Chen Tianbao , Wang Lei
Published: February 2020

Brevinins are an important antimicrobial peptide (AMP) family discovered in the skin secretions of Ranidae frogs. The members demonstrate a typical C-terminal ranabox, as well as a diverse range of other structural characteristics. In this study, we identified a novel brevinin-2 peptide from the skin secretion of Sylvirana guentheri, via cloning transcripts, and identifying the expressed mature peptide, in the skin secretion. The confirmed amino acid sequence of the mature peptide was designated brevinin-2GHk (BR2GK). Moreover, as a previous study had demonstrated that the N-terminus of brevinin-2 is responsible for exerting antimicrobial activity, we also designed a series of truncated derivatives of BR2GK. The results show that the truncated derivatives exhibit significantly improved antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity compared to the parent peptide, except a Pro14 substituted analog. The circular dichroism (CD) analysis of this analog revealed that it did not fold into a helical conformation in the presence of either lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or TFE, indicating that position 14 is involved in the formation of the α-helix. Furthermore, three more analogs with the substitutions of Ala, Lys and Arg at the position 14, respectively, revealed the influence on the membrane disruption potency on bacteria and mammalian cells by the structural changes at this position. Overall, the N-terminal 25-mer truncates demonstrated the potent antimicrobial activity with low cytotoxicity.
Use of Micellar Liquid Chromatography to Determine Mebendazole in Dairy Products and Breeding Waste from Bovine Animals
Authors: Prasad Pawar Rajendra , Mishra Pooja , Durgbanshi Abhilasha , Bose Devasish , Albiol-Chiva Jaume , Peris-Vicente Juan , García-Ferrer Daniel , Esteve-Romero Josep
Published: February 2020

Mebendazole is an anthelmintic drug used in cattle production. However, residues may occur in produced food and in excretions, jeopardizing population health. A method based on micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) was developed to determine mebendazole in dairy products (milk, cheese, butter, and curd) and nitrogenous waste (urine and dung) from bovine animals. Sample treatment was expedited to simple dilution or solid-to-liquid extraction, followed by filtration and direct injection of the obtained solution. The analyte was resolved from matrix compounds in less than 8 min, using a C18 column and a mobile phase made up of 0.15 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)–6% 1-pentanol phosphate buffered at pH 7, and running at 1 mL/min under isocratic mode. Detection was performed by absorbance at 292 nm. The procedure was validated according to the guidelines of the EU Commission Decision 2002/657/EC in terms of: specificity, method calibration range (from the limit of quantification to 25–50 ppm), sensitivity (limit of detection 0.1–0.2 ppm; limit of quantification, 0.3–0.6 ppm), trueness (92.5–102.3%), precision (<7.5%, expressed at RSD), robustness, and stability. The method is reliable, sensitive, easy-to-handle, eco-friendly, safe, inexpensive, and provides a high sample-throughput. Therefore, it is useful for routine analysis as a screening or quantification method in a laboratory for drug-residue control.
Metal Complexes, an Untapped Source of Antibiotic Potential?
Authors: Frei Angelo
Published: February 2020

With the widespread rise of antimicrobial resistance, most traditional sources for new drug compounds have been explored intensively for new classes of antibiotics. Meanwhile, metal complexes have long had only a niche presence in the medicinal chemistry landscape, despite some compounds, such as the anticancer drug cisplatin, having had a profound impact and still being used extensively in cancer treatments today. Indeed, metal complexes have been largely ignored for antibiotic development. This is surprising as metal compounds have access to unique modes of action and exist in a wider range of three-dimensional geometries than purely organic compounds. These properties make them interesting starting points for the development of new drugs. In this perspective article, the encouraging work that has been done on antimicrobial metal complexes, mainly over the last decade, is highlighted. Promising metal complexes, their activity profiles, and possible modes of action are discussed and issues that remain to be addressed are emphasized.
Fragaria vesca L. Extract: A Promising Cosmetic Ingredient with Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Couto Joana , Figueirinha Artur , Batista Maria Teresa , Paranhos António , Nunes Carla , Gonçalves Lídia Maria , Marto Joana , Fitas Manuel , Pinto Pedro , Ribeiro Helena Margarida , Pina Maria Eugénia
Published: February 2020

Fragaria vesca L. (F. vesca), popularly known as wild strawberry, is a plant from the Rosaceae family, found in temperate and subtropical areas of the northern hemisphere. F. vesca leaves have been shown to have antiseptic, emollient, and dermatological protection properties, due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, ellagitannins, and proanthocyanidins. In this study, a F. vesca extract was obtained by an optimized extraction process, and was characterized by HPLC, ROS scavenging activity, cytotoxicity assays in HaCaT cells, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity determination. The most active extract was then incorporated in a hydrogel with hydroxyethylcellulose at 2% (w/w), which was characterized at the physicochemical, stability, cytotoxicity, and ROS scavenging activity levels to evaluate its quality, safety, and efficacy. In vivo studies, human repeat insult patch testing, and an assay to determine their antioxidant efficacy, were also performed. The results showed that the Fragaria vesca extracts had antioxidant activity and that the F. vesca extract-based hydrogel exhibited cutaneous compatibility, acceptability and antioxidant efficacy, being stable, and suitable for topical application.
CsCYT75B1, a Citrus CYTOCHROME P450 Gene, Is Involved in Accumulation of Antioxidant Flavonoids and Induces Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Rao Muhammad Junaid , Xu Yuantao , Tang Xiaomei , Huang Yue , Liu Jihong , Deng Xiuxin , Xu Qiang
Published: February 2020

CYTOCHROME P450s genes are a large gene family in the plant kingdom. Our earlier transcriptome data revealed that a CYTOCHROME P450 gene of Citrus sinensis (CsCYT75B1) was associated with flavonoid metabolism and was highly induced after drought stress. Here, we characterized the function of CsCYT75B1 in drought tolerance by overexpressing it in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of the CsCYT75B1 gene significantly enhanced the total flavonoid contents with increased antioxidant activity in transgenic Arabidopsis. The gene expression results showed that several genes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of antioxidant flavonoids were induced by 2–12 fold in transgenic Arabidopsis lines. After 14 days of drought stress, all transgenic lines displayed an enhanced tolerance to drought stress along with accumulating antioxidant flavonoids with lower superoxide radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) than wild type plants. In addition, drought-stressed transgenic lines possessed higher antioxidant enzymatic activities than wild type transgenic lines. Moreover, the stressed transgenic lines had significantly lower levels of electrolytic leakage than wild type transgenic lines. These results demonstrate that the CsCYT75B1 gene of sweet orange functions in the metabolism of antioxidant flavonoid and contributes to drought tolerance by elevating ROS scavenging activities.
Digestive Stability and Bioaccessibility of Antioxidants in Prickly Pear Fruits from the Canary Islands: Healthy Foods and Ingredients
Authors: Gómez-Maqueo Andrea , Antunes-Ricardo Marilena , Welti-Chanes Jorge , Cano M. Pilar
Published: February 2020

Although prickly pear fruits have become an important part of the Canary diet, their native varieties are yet to be characterized in terms of betalains and phenolic compounds. To exert potential health benefits, these antioxidants must be released from the food matrix and be stable in the gastrointestinal tract. Our aim was to characterize the betalain and phenolic profile of four prickly pear varieties from the Canary Islands (Spain) and determine their digestive stability and bioaccessibility via in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Digestive studies were performed considering the (i) importance of the edible fraction (pulps) and (ii) potential of fruit peels as by-products to obtain healthy ingredients. Betalains and phenolic profiles were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and HPLC-DAD-MS/QTOF. Pulps in Colorada and Fresa varieties presented high indicaxanthin and betanin content, respectively. Despite low pH in the gastric phase, betalains were stable to reach the intestinal phase, although indicaxanthin presented a higher bioaccessibility. Blanco Buenavista peels contained a distinct flavonoid profile including a new isorhamnetin-hexosyl-rhamnoside. Phenolic compounds were abundant and highly bioaccessible in fruit peels. These findings suggest that prickly pear pulps are rich in bioaccessible betalains; and that their peels could be proposed as potential by-products to obtain sustainable healthy ingredients.
Research on the Internal Thermal Boundary Conditions of Concrete Closed Girder Cross-Sections under Historically Extreme Temperature Conditions
Authors: Lin Jianhui , Xue Junqing , Huang Fuyun , Chen Baochun
Published: February 2020

The accuracy of the finite element model (FEM) for concrete closed girder cross-sections is significantly influenced by thermal boundary conditions. The internal thermal boundary conditions can be simulated by inputting the convection heat transfer coefficient and the temperatures inside the cavities or by establishing air elements in the FEM. In order to analyze the influence of different simulation methods for the internal thermal boundary conditions on temperature distributions for concrete closed girder cross-sections, the temperature distributions on the cross-sections of a box girder, small box girders, and adjacent box girders were monitored, and the corresponding FEMs were implemented. By comparing the temperature data obtained from the field test and FEMs, the numerical hourly temperature curves calculated by using the measured temperatures inside the cavities provide the closest agreement with the measured results; however, the measurements of the temperatures on site are cost- and time-prohibitive. When there is a lack of measured temperatures inside the cavities, the numerical hourly temperature curves calculated by establishing air elements in the FEM provide the closest agreement. The influences of different simulation methods for the internal thermal boundary conditions on the highest hourly average effective temperatures and the trends of the vertical temperature gradients for concrete closed girder cross-sections were small. The FEM with air elements can be adopted to analyze the temperature distributions on concrete closed girder cross-sections under historically extreme temperature conditions. It can be predicted that the longitudinal thermal movement of concrete closed girders would be underestimated by considering variations in the one-year measured average effective temperature of the cross-sections or the Chinese-code-specified design effective temperature for the highway bridge structures, which are thus unconservative for engineering applications. The Chinese-code-specified design vertical temperature gradients are conservative for the bridge deck surface and unconservative for the bottom flange.
Bidirectional Sliding Window for Boundary Recognition of Pavement Construction Area Using GPS-RTK
Authors: Xu Tong , Chen Siwei , Wang Dong , Zhang Weigong
Published: February 2020

Unmanned pavement construction is of great significance in China, and the primary issue to be solved is how to identify the boundaries of the Pavement Construction Area (PCA). In this paper, we present a simple yet effective method, named the Bidirectional Sliding Window (BSW) method, for PCA boundary recognition. We first collected the latitude and longitude coordinates of the four vertices of straight quadrilaterals using the Global Positioning System—Real Time Kinematic (GPS-RTK) measurement principle for precise single-point positioning, analyzed single-point positioning accuracy, and determined the measurement error distribution models. Next, we took points at equal intervals along one straight line segment and two curved line segments with curvature radii of 70 m to 300 m, for simulation experiments. BSW was adopted to recognize the Possible Irrelevant Points (PIP) and Relevant Points (RP), which were used to identify PCA boundaries. Experiments show that when the proposed BSW algorithm is used and the single-point positioning accuracy is at the centimeter level, PCA boundary recognition for straight polygons reaches single-point positioning accuracy, and that for curved polygons reaches decimeter-level accuracy.
Sensor Fault Reconstruction based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer for Forklift Fault-Tolerant Control System
Authors: Zhang Zhilu , Xiao Benxian
Published: February 2020

For the problem of multiple sensor fault detection and reconstruction in the forklift fault-tolerant control system, a sliding mode observer (SMO) with adaptive regulation law is proposed. Based on the three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) model of forklift, a linear state equation with output disturbance is designed as its equivalent sensor fault model. The sensor fault is converted into an actuator fault by defining an auxiliary state variable as an output signal filter. Then the SMO-based method of sensor fault detection and reconstruction is given. Without knowing the upper bound of an unknown fault, an adaptive sliding mode observer (ASMO) can also be effective through the adaptive algorithm. Finally, experimental results further verify the effectiveness of the method, and provide a foundation for forklift fault-tolerant control.