bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of society, food availability and consumption: Underlying evidence from selected smallholders in South Africa
Authors:   University of Mpumalanga, Agholor AI , Yusuf SFG
Published: December 2024

The study examined the dynamics of society, food availability and consumption, a call for the promotion of health of community dwellers in South Africa. Food availability and dietary intake were discussed in terms of food groups available in society. The study group was selected through random sampling and before data collection, a pre-test of the questionnaire was carried out with the help of 15 enumerators who were trained for the purpose of this study. Structured questionnaires employed were divided into sections as follows: i) the socio-economic, demographic information and farm-level characteristics of respondents, ii) various food items and sources, iii) dietary and food consumption patterns. The food consumption frequency was captured through 7-day recall pattern suggested by World Food Programme (WFP) of the United Nations, commonly referred to as Food Consumption Score (FCS). Findings indicate that there was a high intake of cereals and tubers amongst men in the two villages (Mzinti and Kabokweni). Fulfilling the WFP principles, FCS was re-grouped into two clusters: poor, borderline as ‘Acceptable’ (1) and ‘Unacceptable’ (0). The outcome variable, FCS, was grouped as a dichotomous variable, categorized as ‘Acceptable’ with assigned value of 1 and ‘Unacceptable’ assigned 0. The determinants of food consumption were specified, using logistic regression. Overall, males (24%) had more energy intake (cereals and tuber) in Mzinti as compared to females (21%). However, results reveal that fruits and pulses were the least commonly consumed food groups over a 7-day recall period for Kabokweni and Mzinti. The findings also reveal that 60.97% of respondents in Kabokweni and 64.96% in Mzinti were within the acceptable food consumption score. The following variables: age (p < 0.022), level of education (p < 0.006 and p < 0.039), household size, (p < 0.007), extension services (p < 0.001 and p < 0.028), and farm experience (p <.018**) were positively and significantly associated with FCS. Food insecurity impacts directly on physical, economic and mental health of people and understanding the food security status of communities is vital for planning. Additionally, the study underscores the relevance of obtaining necessary statistics for dietary diversity of households to support government policy making. An evolving and innovative policy direction is proposed for exploring the dynamics of integrating food security into government health programmes.

Key words: Smallholders, food insecurity, food consumption score, South Africa
A comprehensive study of nutritional profile, antioxidant activity and phytochemical properties of indigenous Indian millets
Authors:   Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Mishra S , Singh R
Published: December 2024

The goal of the present study was to thoroughly examine the nutritional makeup, antioxidant activity, and various phytochemical contents of several millet flours, including ragi, bajra, kodo, kangni, and jowar. These millet types are increasingly being recognized as potential sources of functional and nutraceutical ingredients. The research started with the collection of selected millet grains, which were washed, soaked overnight, dried in the sun, and then ground into flour. The nutritional makeup of these millet flours was analyzed using standard AOAC methods. The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity at five different concentrations, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined using linear regression. The study outcomes showed considerable variations in the nutritional and phytochemical properties of various millet flours. Specifically, kangni millet flour exhibited the highest protein content at 13.56±0.05 grams per 100 grams, while ragi millet flour was found to be the top source of calcium, amounting to 576.19±0.032 milligrams per 100 grams. Furthermore, ragi (38.20±0.85 milligrams per 100 grams) and bajra (15.34±0.47 milligrams per 100 grams) millet flours displayed significantly higher iron content compared to the other millets that were examined. In terms of its antioxidant properties, jowar millet flour demonstrated the greatest ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, followed by ragi, bajra, kodo and kangni. The total phenolic content (TPC), which is a measure of the antioxidant potential, was highest in jowar millet flour (19.70±0.60 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100g), while kodo millet flour had the highest total flavonoid content (29±0.54 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/100g). According to the study, millet flours are excellent sources of essential nutrients and possess abundant antioxidant properties with good radical scavenging activity. The researchers recommended using these millet flours in the development of functional foods, which can contribute to a healthier lifestyle and potentially help prevent or treat various degenerative diseases.

Key words: Millets, proximate content, nutritional content, mineral content, DPPH, phytochemical, antioxidants
Enhancing Agricultural Efficiency Through Smart Farming and Internet of Things Enabled Precision Agriculture
Authors: Singh Ritik , Singh Kamlesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background: In response to global challenges like increasing food demand, climate changeand resource scarcity, there is a critical need for innovative agricultural methods. This study centers on Smart Farming and Precision Agriculture, which integrate technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), roboticsand data analytics. These technologies aim to optimize resource use, improve crop productivityand reduce environmental impact. Precision management, which involves tailoring farm inputs to specific field conditions, is central to this approach and is essential for promoting sustainable agriculture. Methods: This research was conducted over 2 years and 6 months at Amity University Uttar Pradesh, focusing on banana cultivation. The IoT-based system includes an Arduino UNO board, a SIM900 GSM module for data transmissionand a suite of sensors-soil moisture, temperature, humidity, PIR, NPK, pH and raindrop sensors. This configuration enables continuous monitoring and real-time data collection, allowing for informed decisions in farm management. Data is transmitted to a cloud-based platform for aggregation and analysis, enabling timely adjustments in irrigation, fertilizationand crop care based on real-time environmental and soil data. Result: The implementation of this smart farming system led to significant improvements in resource efficiency and crop monitoring. Water usage was reduced by approximately 25%, while fertilizer application decreased by around 30%, maintaining optimal soil pH levels of 5.5-6.5. These adjustments contributed to a 20% increase in crop yield over traditional methods. Remote monitoring allowed for prompt interventions, highlighting the system’s potential for driving sustainable agriculture and addressing food demand challenges through IoT-driven solutions.
The Effect of Liquid Smoke Concentration of Red Fruit Seed Waste in Controlling Weeds on the Yield of Black Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Malika Variety by Intercropping with Gogo Rice
Authors: Mahanani Anti Uni , Purwanto Edi , Haryanto Totok Agung Dwi , Rahayu Muji
Published: December 2024

Background: Weeds are plants that can reduce black soybean production yields. Biocontrol is an organic red fruit seed waste material containing phenolic compounds, which are known to be able to eradicate weeds in cropping systems. Methods: The design used in this research was a Complete Randomized Block Design with two treatment factors, namely two factors intercropping Moai upland rice with black soybeans (T1), intercropping INPARI 28 upland rice with black soybeans (T2) and soybean monoculture (T3) and the second factor is the concentration of liquid smoke from red fruit seed waste (S) which includes a) Concentration of 0 ml liquid smoke/l water (S0); b) Concentration of 200 ml liquid smoke/l water (S1); c) Concentration of 250 ml liquid smoke/l water (S2); d) Concentration of 300 ml liquid smoke/1 water (S3). Result: The results of the research are: 1) Liquid smoke from red fruit seed waste is effective on the seed weight per plot; the seed weight per plant; the seed weight per hectare; dry weight 100 seeds; root weight and harvest index; 2) The most effective concentration of liquid smoke from red fruit seed waste is a concentration of 250 ml liquid smoke/l water (S2).
Detection of Quercetin, Kaempferol and High Value Amino Acids from Seed Endosperm of Nymphaea stellata cv. alba L.
Authors: Jana B.R.
Published: December 2024

Background: In this study, the seed endosperm of Nymphaea stellata cv. alba was subjected to quantitative estimation of various phyto-chemicals, as it is commonly consumed as a nontraditional, non-cereal food in rural India. Methods: AOAC techniques were used to determine the approximate composition. UHPLC amino acid and flavonoid analyzers are used to measure the amino acids and flavonoids in seed endosperm, respectively. Result: From standard analysis, it was evident that Nymphaea seed endosperm had 7.5±0.37% protein, 2.9±0.08% crude fiber and 1.8±0.21% total fat. The essential amino acids were determined in the seed endosperm by UHPLC method using pre-column derivatization method with o-phthalaldehyde- 2-mercaptoethanol.The results shown in the endosperm of Nymphaea stellata cv. alba produced the maximum amount of amino acids, aspartic acid (0.293 mg/g), glutamic acid (0.701 mg/g), serine (0.278 mg/g), histidine (0.116 mg/g), glycine (0.140 mg/g), threonine (0.149 mg/g) arginine (0.429 mg/g), alanine (0.239 mg/g), tyrosine (0.096 mg/g), cystine (0.424 mg/g), valine ( 0.50 mg/g), methionine (0.135 mg/g), phenylalanine (0.170 mg/g), isoleucine (0.339 mg/g) and leucine (0.34 mg/g). Furthermore, UHPLC chromatogram of quercetin and kaempferol in water lily seed endosperm revealed that the presence of quercetin 0.340 mg/kg and kaempferol 0.127 mg /kg as pure form without other derivatives of the two flavonoids like their glucoside compounds, esters, etc. The Nymphaea stellata cv. Alba seed endosperm has different beneficial composition including amino acids and flavonoids that may be of great importance to determine food quality as they helps in glucose metabolism and reduce oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Global Practices of Building Civic Culture
Authors: Nampoothiri Niranjan , Scott-Villiers Patta
Published: December 2024

Strong civic culture makes for inclusive, participatory, and adaptive democracies. Citizen University is a non-profit that engages with civic catalysts to build civic culture across the United States. It supports civic catalysts to work on five tried-and-tested strategies: deepening civic commitment, building civic skills and infrastructure, providing encouragement, reckoning and repairing, and strengthening community. This report explores the relevance of each of these strategies in a global context. The learning we present is based on appreciative inquiry with seven inspiring civic catalysts from seven countries – Brazil, Haiti, India, Kenya, Papua New Guinea, Poland, and the United Kingdom – whom we, at IDS, have collaborated with and admired, often over many years. Their contexts share resonant societal and political similarities with the United States: their peoples are diverse; their economies are changing rapidly; and polarisation between different groups in society threatens to undermine the growth of their democracies.
Difusión de Villa Tapijulapa, como primer pueblo mágico en Tabasco
Authors: Ovando Pérez Juanita Lizbeth , Suárez Ovando Asbinia
Published: December 2024

La Villa Tapijulapa es la primera comunidad del Estado de Tabasco que recibió en 2010 el nombramiento que la reconoce como pueblo mágico de México, lo que lo coloca como un espacio de turismo cultural con atributos, símbolos, historia y naturaleza que lo caracterizan y lo hacen atractivo para las personas que gustan de este tipo de localidades. Está ubicada en el municipio de Tacotalpa en la subregión de la Sierra del de Tabasco. A pesar de sus atributos turísticos la afluencia de visitantes, nacionales e internacionales, es poca. Con fundamento en el de diseño metodológico de la Investigación Acción Participativa, se realizó un diagnóstico del fenómeno de interés estudiado. El diagnóstico en dos niveles de análisis muestra, mediante la revisión documental y las entrevistas a un grupo de habitantes que, a diferencia de otros pueblos mágicos del país, sus visitantes son pocos y en su mayoría locales lo que impacta en el desarrollo económico de sus habitantes, el desarrollo de la infraestructura, así como de sus servicios. De ahí, que el propósito del diagnóstico fue identificar, en los contextos externo e interno, las condiciones de la promoción que, a nivel local, se realiza para incrementar la afluencia de visitantes.
El Laboratorio de Teatro Campesino e Indígena
Authors: Sanchez Alpuche Myrian Anahí , Ruiz Magdónel Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2024

En este artículo se resalta el teatro como una herramienta vital para la expresión cultural en Tabasco, especialmente al representar las tradiciones y la identidad de las comunidades campesinas e indígenas. Durante el mandato de Enrique González Pedrero se fomentó activamente el teatro campesino e indígena, siendo el Laboratorio de Teatro Campesino e Indígena (LTCI), bajo la dirección de María Alicia Martínez Medrano, un ejemplo destacado de este impulso cultural. Además de su impacto en el desarrollo artístico, el LTCI también involucró a las comunidades en la expresión teatral, teniendo un efecto social significativo. Aunque el LTCI enfrentó desafíos y finalmente cerró en 2010, su influencia perdura en la historia cultural de Tabasco.
Relación de poder en el derecho humano con la dignidad del adolescente en México
Authors: OVANDO ARIAS MATEO , Priego Álvarez Heberto Romeo , Islas Colín Alfredo
Published: December 2024

The complex relationship between power and dignity of adolescents in Mexico, highlighting human rights violations. Even more so is the lack of effective implementation of laws that protect adolescents, as well as the stigmatized perception that authorities have about them. Despite regulatory advances, the implementation of regulations that protect this group remains deficient, which restricts their ability to fully exercise their rights and maintain their dignity. Through a structuralist and realistic legal analysis, the study evaluates the effectiveness of the legal system and reveals significant obstacles in the application of public policies. The stigmatized perception that authorities have towards adolescents is criticized and a collaborative approach between various social actors is proposed to improve the situation. The importance of international instruments is mentioned, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other covenants, which recognize specific rights for adolescents and establish protection mechanisms. Highlights the urgency of strengthening the protection of adolescent dignity, emphasizing that, although legal frameworks exist, the actual practice by institutions remains insufficient, which shows the vulnerability and the need to make effective the tangible rights of adolescents in Mexico.
Efecto de la salinidad en poblaciones de chile silvestre del Noroeste de México
Authors: Osuna Rodríguez José Manuel , Hernández Verdugo Sergio , Pacheco Olvera Antonio , Osuna Enciso Tomás , Parra Terraza Saúl , Romero Higareda César Enrique
Published: December 2024

Salinity is a problem in agricultural areas by compromising the growth of crops. Modern pepper varieties are poorly adapted to this condition; therefore, the search for variability in wild pepper plants would help to create improved varieties. The objective was to determine the effects of salinity and the distribution of phenotypic variation between populations, between and within families, and to estimate the proportion of this phenotypic variation that has a genetic basis. Three treatments (0, 25 and 50 mM NaCl) were tested in six wild pepper populations from Northwestern Mexico. Significant differences were observed between treatments for all traits. Salinity reduced all traits except leaf thickness; was higher with 50 mM, root dry matter (45.2%), leaves (38.7%), leaf area (37.6%), total biomass (33.7%) being the most sensitive traits. The greatest phenotypic variation was distributed within families. The highest coefficient of variation was in root dry weight (40%). The populations maintained variation in all traits except plant height; Presa Oviachic was superior in dry weight of plant, root, stem and leaves, leaf area, number of leaves and stem diameter; Mazocahui in leaf thickness; Yecorato and Lo de Vega in SPAD readings. NaCl levels influenced the phenotypic expression of the studied traits. The variability detected in the populations is promising to begin a domestication process in wild pepper.
Modelo generalizado altura total-diámetro normal para plantaciones de Pinus leiophylla en Michoacán, México
Authors: Hernández-Ramos Jonathan , Barrera-Ramírez Ruben , Muñoz-Flores Hipólito Jesús , Gómez-Cárdenas Martín , Rubio-Camacho Ernesto Alonso , García-Espinoza Guadalupe Geraldine
Published: December 2024

Forest plantations have increased in Mexico and statistical tools are required to evaluate and predict their productivity, to plan their use. The objective was to determine a generalized total height-normal diameter model for Pinus leiophylla forest plantations in Patamban, Michoacán, Mexico. Trees were measured in 33 temporary quadrangular random sites in plantations with initial densities of 2,500 trees ha-1 and survival greater than 75%. 779 total height-normal diameter data pairs were used; with values ​​for height of 1.86-19.60 m and 1.5-36 cm for normal diameter. The fit of seven models was checked through their evaluation by nonlinear least squares with the nls function in R®. For the selection of the model and its readjustment, the parameters of significance, coefficient of determination, root mean square of the error, Akaike criterion, Bayesian and bias were compared. The resulting generalized total height-normal diameter structure was refitted with mixed effects between and within sites. The Wang and Tang model presented the best indicators of statistical fit. The mixed effects models showed an improvement in the explanation of sample variability (coefficient of determination: 2.4%), fit statistics (24.5% on average) and in the precision of the estimates in the root mean square of the error and bias greater than 14%. The generalized model was efficient to represent said sample variability in the P. leiophylla forest plantations of the Patamban Indigenous Community, Michoacán, Mexico.
Forraje verde hidropónico de maíz como suplemento en terneros en época de sequía
Authors: Castellanos-Arellanes Ismael , Alaniz Gutiérrez Luis , Rojas-García Adelaido Rafael , Cisneros-Saguilán Pedro , Bottini-Luzardo María Benedicta , Mendoza-Núñez Mario Antonio
Published: December 2024

Bovine livestock in the tropical areas of the state of Guerrero faces several challenges, particularly forage shortages during the dry season, which lead to economic losses, weight loss, and animal mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of hydroponic green corn forage (FVHM) as a supplementary feed alternative for calves during the drought season in Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero, Mexico. The bromatological and productive characteristics of the FVHM were evaluated at 10, 15 and 20 days after sowing. Consumption, daily weight gain and ruminal characteristics of 15 calves supplemented with different inclusion levels of FVHM were measured. The experimental design was completely randomized, and mean differences were analyzed using Tukey´s test (p < 0.05). The forage harvested on day 15 exhibited the best characteristics with 16.6% CP, a height of 23.6 cm and a yield of 6.64 kg per kg of germinated seed. In the in vivo experiment, no statistical differences were found between treatments (p > 0.05); however, the treatment with 40% FVHM inclusion was numerically superior, influencing the cost analysis, where it showed higher profitability and a benefit-cost ratio of 1.15, outperforming the other treatments. It is concluded that the FVHM production is viable at the local level and represents a promising option for incorporation into cattle diets.
Aspersión foliar de nanoestructuras con zinc en plántulas de pepino (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: Quirino-García Arelis , Martínez-Alonso Claudia , Sabino-López Juan Elías , Espinosa-Rodríguez Mariana , Vázquez-Villamar Mirna , Maldonado-Peralta María de los Ángeles
Published: December 2024

The foliar spraying effect of zinc nanostructures (ZnO-NE) was studied on cucumber seedlings growth in greenhouse. The treatments were four solutions made thought nanostructures with Zn (ZnO-BE) obtained by professional (MP) and domestic (MD) microwaves, and by direct precipitation (PD); the positive control (TP) was commercial fertilizer (ZnSO4) and negative (TN) water. Cucumber seeds were immersed for 2 h in the solution with the respective Zn2+ (30 mg L-1) source and sowed in polystyrene containers with peat and perlite (1:1 v/v), in greenhouse. Seedlings with two true leaves were sprayed with the corresponding solutions, every seven days for three weeks. Lower seedling height was presented in TN and greater stem diameter with ZnO-NE of MD. The ZnO-NE from MD and PD produced wider leaves (6.98 and 6.89 mm), PD longer leaves (6.01 mm); Seedlings treated with ZnO-NE of MP and MD increased leaf area (360.86 and 313.82 cm-2). The three ZnO-NE sources increased root length, and root volume stood out in TP (10.2 mL). Fresh root biomass was higher with ZnO-NE from MD (3.54 g). All Zn sources improved the fresh and dry weight of stem; fresh (6.5 g) and dry (0.85 g) weight of leaf highlighted with ZnO-NE from PD. Foliar spraying with ZnO-NE is an alternative to improve growth and biomass production on cucumber seedlings grown in greenhouse.
Influencia de nanopartículas de potasio en el rendimiento y compuestos bioactivos de frutos de melón
Authors: Galvan Cardona Zoraida M. , Preciado Rangel Pablo , Guillén Enríquez Reyna R. , Espinosa Palomeque Bernardo , Sariñana Navarrete María de los Ángeles , Buendía García Alain
Published: December 2024

Potassium is known as a quality element due to its key role in sugar transport, metabolite biosynthesis, and enzyme activation. This study aimed to determine the optimal dose of potassium nanoparticles (K NPs) in melon plants and evaluate their impact on yield, nutraceutical quality, and K content in the fruits. A field experiment was conducted with melon cv Cruiser, applying four foliar doses of K NPs (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg L⁻¹) and a control treatment (distilled water). The results indicated that foliar application of K NPs significantly affected the nutraceutical quality and K content in melon fruits without impacting crop yield. Melon fruits from plants treated with the intermediate dose (200 mg L⁻¹) showed the highest levels of total soluble solids and firmness. The low dose (100 mg L⁻¹) increased the biosynthesis of flavonoids, total phenols, and antioxidant capacity, while higher doses (300 and 400 mg L⁻¹) reduced bioactive compounds, although they increased the potassium content in the fruits. Foliar application of K NPs is a viable strategy that, when integrated with agronomic practices, can improve the nutraceutical quality of melons without compromising crop yield. However, it is essential to determine the appropriate doses, as low and intermediate doses enhance the fruit's biophysical and nutraceutical quality, while higher doses may have adverse effects on bioactive compounds.
Caracterización de unidades de producción pecuaria en Aldama, Tamaulipas, México: productores, hato y alimentación animal
Authors: Garay Martínez Jonathan Raul , Godina Rodríguez Juan Eduardo , Hernández Rodríguez Blas , Maldonado-Torres Aracely , López-Cantú David Gilberto , Joaquín Cancino Dr. Santiago
Published: December 2024

Characterizing livestock production units (LPUs) allows us to suggest technologies that counteract problems and increase productivity. The objective of this study was to characterize the producers, herd and animal feed in LPUs in the municipality of Aldama, Tamaulipas, Mexico, where 49 producers who own LPUs of beef cattle participated. For the analysis of the information, descriptive statistics and Excel (Microsoft®) were used. The average age of the owners was 58 ± 14 years and 85% can read and write. The area dedicated to grazing is 119 ± 51 ha and livestock farming is mainly extensive (55%), where the pastures present are African star grass (Cynodon, 35%), Guinea grass (Megathyrsus, 25%) and hurricane grass (Bothriochloa, 24%). The 64% of the producers mentioned that drought is the main problem. The main bovine genotypes used are crosses of zebu cattle and specialized meat breeds (66%). The herd consists mainly of lactating (calving) and dry (pregnant) cows; 37%. Cattle graze all year round on the pastures, while supplementation and/or supplementation are used during the dry season (December-July). There are few innovations adopted with respect to technified grazing (6 %), forage conservation (5%), and pasture establishment (4%). The drought causes a decrease in the availability of fodder and producers, not having the training or resources to produce fodder, have to resort to the purchase of hay, silage, concentrates and grains, which increases production costs in the LPUs.
Effect of Phenol and Saponin on Apis Dorsata Forest Honey and docking molecule on preeclamptic markers
Authors: Yusari  , Soetrisno  , Prayitno Adi , Wasita Brian
Published: December 2024

Molecular docking is an important computational method for drug design. It can be used to predict receptor binding interactions with ligans. In addition, phenol-derived compounds and Saponins are also reported to have various activities such as anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis agents. The purpose of this study is to predict whether the Phenol and Saponin compounds are active as anti-inflammatory agents and also to ensure that the binding interactions are stable before and after the docking calculations. The protocol is carried out in accordance with the standards set by the LPPT-UGM Testing Laboratory. The tools, programs, and applications used in this study were Lenovo IdeaPad Flex 5 Processor, AMD Ryzen 5000 Series 5, AutoDock Tools (v1.5.6), Biovia Discovery Studio, AutodockVina, Swiss ADME, VegaZZ, Pubchem, and the and the pkCSM web server (http://biosig.unimelb.edu.au/pkcsm/). Trans-ADFH three-dimensional structure, as a test compound, and Prednisolone, as a standard compound, were downloaded from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. The phytochemical analysis of ADFH includes phenol and saponin. Structure of PlGF 3D (IRV6) and VEGF (4KZN). Identification of ligands and proteins prepared using Pubchem results of molecular docking between preeclampsia through examination of PlGF and VEGF with phenols and saponins Identification of protein ligands using Pubchem, i.e., PlGF (IRV6) with phenol produced 2 interactions and 2 amino acid residues, while saponins produced 2 interactions and 6 residues. pharmacokinetics and toxicity using Swiss ADME, i.e., phenol and saponins are non-mutagenic to bacteria; the maximum safe dose for humans is 0.54 log mg/kg/day; it does not cause toxicity to the heart; the estimated dose for animals is 2.471 mol/kg; it does not cause allergies; it does not cause liver damage; a dose of 0.288 logμ/L can inhibit the growth of 50% of the protozoa T. Pyformis. The content of phenols and saponins in Apis Dorsata forest honey has a high docking score from the original ligand. Molecular docking on phenols and saponins identified PlGF with scores of -2.85, -2.85, and -2.85 kcal/mol, while saponins have +2.84, +2.29, and +2.29 kcal/mol values, which are stated to be better results than the original ligands. This means that phenol has a role as a standard drug that can have an effect on lowering PlGF levels for people with preeclampsia. Molecular docking on VEGF identified phenol with scores of -2.88, -2.88, and -2.88 kcal/mol, and saponins have +1.36, +3.46, and +1.36 kcal/mol values, which are stated to have better results than the original ligands. This means that saponins have a role as a standard drug that can have an effect on increasing VEGF levels for people with preeclampsia.
Pricing Strategies in Dual-channel Supply Chain with Discount and In-sales Service Consideration
Authors: Rahmania Rizky Astari , Aisyah Safira Nur , Agata Novelia , Muthi'ah Aisyah Dewi
Published: December 2024

Driven by increasing internet usage, Indonesia is experiencing a significant rise in e-commerce activities, with transactions projected to grow from 66 million to 99 million by 2029. This growth necessitates a hybrid approach combining online and offline sales channels to maximize market coverage. However, this dual-channel strategy poses challenges in pricing, as customer preferences heavily influence purchasing decisions. This study analyzes pricing strategies within a dual-channel supply chain (DCSC). It examines two main scenarios, centralized and decentralized systems, to determine optimal pricing strategies considering in-sales service and discount. The decentralized system employs a Stackelberg game model, where the manufacturer sets prices first, followed by the retailer. A clothing company is used as a practical case study to apply these mathematical formulations. The study highlights how parameter variations such as customer preferences, service, and unit costs influence price. Notably, the decentralized system often results in higher profitability than the centralized approach under specific conditions. Sensitivity analysis further reveals that while some parameters remain stable, customer preferences significantly affect pricing decisions. A preference for online shopping tends to favor a centralized strategy, indicating that coordinated pricing can mitigate channel cannibalization risks. The study underscores the complex interplay between pricing strategies, discounts, and in-sales services in dual-channel supply chains
Ruh Sağlığı Profesyonellerinin Paylaşılan Travmatik Gerçeklik ve Baş Etme Deneyimleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma
Authors: Sehlikoğlu Şeyma , Bekircan Esra
Published: December 2024

Toplumsal travmaya maruz kalan ruh sağlığı profesyonellerinin deneyimleri yeterince araştırılmamış bir konudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı toplumsal travmaya maruz kalmış ruh sağlığı profesyonellerinin paylaşılan travmatik gerçeklik ve baş etme deneyimlerini incelemektir. Bu çalışma tümevarımsal nitel yaklaşım kullanılarak Türkiye’de 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde gerçekleşen depremi doğrudan yaşayan ve deprem bölgesinde ruh sağlığı hizmeti veren 18 ruh sağlığı profesyoneli ile derinlemesine görüşme yolu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeden elde edilen veriler 5 kategori ve 16 alt kategori altında toplanmıştır. Katılımcılar toplumsal travmaya karşı paylaşılan travmatik gerçeklik, özdeşim, çifte maruziyet ve travmatik karşı aktarım yaşadıklarından bahsetmişlerdir. Travmaya karşı çaresizlik, üzüntü, yetersizlik ve suçluluk gibi duyguları daha yoğun yaşadıklarını, aşırı uyarılma ve kaçınma davranışı sergilediklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Katılımcılar afet bölgesinde temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılama noktasında zorlandıklarını ve gerek fiziksel alt yapı yetersizliği gerek çok fazla travma hastasının kliniğe başvurması sonucunda iş yüklerinin arttığını bildirmişlerdir. Yaşadıkları travmatik süreç ile sosyal destek sistemlerini kullanarak baş etmeye çalıştıklarını ve travmanın yıkıcı etkilerini azaltmak için ilaç kullanımına yöneldiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Yaşadıkları travma deneyimlerinden sonra öğrenerek güçlendiklerini ve travma sonrası büyüme yaşadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Ruh sağlığı profesyonellerinin toplumsal travmalar karşısında olumsuz etkilenmemesi adına etkin baş etme ve güçlenme noktasında desteklenmeleri ruh sağlıkları ve mesleki profesyonellikleri üzerinde koruyucu etki yapabilir.
Transformation of the Conflict Field in Abkhazia: Сontemporary Politics and Historical Context
Authors: Markedonov S.
Published: December 2024

Since the Soviet Union disintegration, the South Caucasus has become one of volatile parts in Eurasia. Although now it has found itself in the shadow of Ukraine, the events of 2020–2023 in Nagorno-Karabakh attracted political as well scholarly attention to this region. Today we observe the shaping of the new South Caucasus regional order, when some familiar alliances are experiencing crises, while others, on the contrary, are significantly strengthening. Against this background, the situation in Abkhazia looks, at first glance, static. However, it cannot be treated as a breakthrough in the conflict resolution. Until now, this partly recognized entity represents a set of contradictions and collisions. While the Georgian influence is not so serious, the growing impact of the Russian economic and military assistance has established a dilemma between the national self-determination and deepening integration with Russia. This situation of apparent stability opens up a good opportunity to study the conflict dynamics in Abkhazia through the prism of new approaches. The Abkhazian case is well-studied in the schorarly literature and therefore discovery of new research niches is a difficult task to implement. At the same time, the vast majority of scientific works are distributed across various disciplinary areas (history, ethnology and ethnopolitical science, international relations and international law) or focus on narrow chronological periods. Hence the formation of a research phenomenon, defined as the predominance of “detailing” over the “system”, empirics over generalizations and synthesis. This article proposes a new approach to considering the genesis and dynamics of conflicts in Abkhazia. In accordance with the theoretical approaches of P. Bourdieu, the author examines the Abkhaz case as a conflict field. It is studied as interaction, competition, and confrontation among various players from the mid‑19th to the first quarter of the 21st centuries.
Private Consumption Model in China
Authors: Arapova E.
Published: December 2024

The paper aims to analyze quantitatively the households’ final consumption expenditure model in China within the framework of the “dual circulation” policy and stimulation of domestic demand, which underlies the country’s 14th Five-Year Plan for 2021–2025. Model identification bases on assessing the impact of six determinants (current income, permanent income, wages, earnings of employees, domestic credit to private sector, and price level) on the households’ final consumption expenditure growth and its contribution to the country’s economic growth. The Granger causality test underlies the methodological approach of the research. The analysis found that the consumption pattern of Chinese households can be defined as driven equally by current income, debt and price levels. To achieve the maximum consumption effect over 3–4 years, the following conditions must be ensured in the country: expanding access to credit should be followed by a general increase in per capita income, accompanied by lowering prices. Income policy has the dual effect of stimulating the country’s overall economic growth through both the demand channel and the investment and/or export components of growth. At the same time, the income elasticity of households’ final consumption expenditure remains low: the population’s continued high propensity to save is constraining the growth of current consumption and China’s transition to a consumption-led economic growth model as well. An alarming trend is the significant mutual influence of debt accumulation and the growth of households’ final consumption expenditure. Policies aimed at stimulating private consumption may contribute to worsening China’s debt problems in the medium and long term.
Deporte y educación en Santiago del Estero : siglo XIX y principios del XX
Authors: Llapur Eduardo David
Published: December 2024

El presente trabajo indaga acerca de los orígenes del deporte en Santiago del Estero (Argentina) y su relación con el sistema educativo, desde su ingreso a la provincia, a ﬁnes del siglo XIX, hasta su aﬁanzamiento y masiﬁcación, durante las primeras décadas del XX, mediante un análisis contextual a nivel nacional y local. La relación entre deporte y educación se produjo, en primer lugar, por medio de los colegios que lo introdujeron como un saber de la Educación Física, aunque primero en forma extracurricular y únicamente para la educación secundaria; y, luego, a través de los clubes —conformados en su mayoría por alumnos, ex alumnos y docentes—. Su ingreso deﬁnitivo en todo el nivel educativo le permitió no solo su expansión, sino principalmente, su posterior consolidación como un fenómeno popular y cultural manteniendo este vínculo, aunque con menor fuerza, hasta el presente.
Diferentes dimensões dos Espaços Urbanos. Compreensão crítica e interdisciplinar das cidades enquanto territórios dinâmicos
Authors: Neiman Zysman
Published: December 2024

Estudos Urbanos e das Cidades: debates e reflexões" é uma leitura essencial para acadêmicos, planejadores urbanos, gestores públicos e qualquer pessoa interessada em compreender as cidades de maneira crítica e aprofundada. A obra transcende os casos específicos de Palmas e Porto Nacional, oferecendo insights valiosos para refletir sobre os desafios e possibilidades das cidades brasileiras em toda sua complexidade e diversidade. Trata-se de uma contribuição indispensável para quem deseja aprofundar-se no estudo das dinâmicas urbanas contemporâneas, especialmente no contexto brasileiro. Organizada em uma introdução e mais nove capítulos que abrangem temas diversos, o livro se destaca por oferecer uma análise interdisciplinar e crítica sobre os múltiplos aspectos que compõem as cidades. Com foco nas cidades de Palmas e Porto Nacional, no Tocantins, a obra amplia a compreensão sobre urbanização em áreas periféricas e emergentes, um campo muitas vezes negligenciado pela literatura acadêmica.
APPLICATION OF THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IN THE LEGALIZATION OF A DEED UNDER THE HAND BY A NOTARY IN ORDER TO INCREASE LEGAL CERTAINTY
Authors: Putra Gerry Akbarhananta
Published: December 2024

Notaries have the authority to make authentic deeds, apart from that, notaries also have other authorities, including legalization. In practice, notaries exercise their authority to carry out legalization, there is still a discrepancy between regulations and implementation which is caused by the minimal and asynchronous various legal arrangements regarding legalization, thus causing a lack of legal certainty regarding the notary's authority to carry out legalization. So this research discusses how to apply the precautionary principle and the legal consequences if a notary ignores the precautionary principle against a notary's authority in carrying out legalization. The purpose of this research is to analyze the application of the precautionary principle. This study uses a normative juridical approach and uses secondary data. The results of this study are that the Notary is obliged to apply the precautionary principle by Recognizing the Identity of the Appearing Person, carefully reading the Deed to be Legalized, fulfilling Legalization techniques, and keeping records of the legalization process. The notary also needs to ensure that the parties understand the essence and legal consequences of the deed legalized by him. As for the legal consequences if the notary ignores the precautionary principle, namely the deed that is being legalized can be declared null and void by law or can be canceled which is stated by the court. The notary can also be sued for legal action by the injured party in the form of a lawsuit through the court and submit a report to the Regional Supervisory Board so that the notary concerned is subject to administrative sanctions.Keywords: Prudence, Legalization, Underhand Deed, Notary, dan Legal Certainty
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK SET YOGURT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN VARIASI KOSENTRASI BUAH CAMPOLEH (Pouteria Campechiana )
Authors: Yudistira Wandi , Fizriani Atia , Tubagus Robi
Published: December 2024

Campoleh fruit contains nutrients such as fibre, minerals and is high in vitamin C as an antioxidant. Yogurt set is a fermented milk product that has a thick texture and sour flavour. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of campoleh fruit on the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of yogurt sets, and determine the best concentration of campoleh fruit based on SNI standards. This study used a complete randomised design method with the treatment of adding campoleh fruit concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The results of the analysis showed a significant effect on moisture content, ash content, protein, fat, lactic acid, vitamin C and colour. However, no significant effect showed the addition of campoleh fruit on colour, appearance, aroma and overall. The best concentration treatment of campoleh fruit addition to yogurt set is found in the campoleh fruit treatment of 25%, which has a moisture content of 73.84%, ash 0.92%, protein 4.64%, fat 1.85%, vitamin C 51.75 mg/100g, lactic acid 0.96%, colour 2.40, appearance 2.52, taste 2.52, aroma attribute 2.76 and overall 2.60.
PERBANDINGAN AIR KELAPA DAN JUS SEMANGKA TERHADAP TINGKAT KEBUGARAN ATLET BASKET REMAJA SMA NEGERI 3 SAMARINDA
Authors: Wijdaniah Anis , Utami Riana Pangestu , Mulyani Rieska Indah
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluated the impact of giving coconut water and watermelon juice on fitness level athletes fitness. This research used a Quasi Experimental Design with a pre- and post-test design with 22 teenage basketball athletes from SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda as subjects. The treatment is given to provide 200 ml of coconut water every 15-20 minutes during a moderate intensity training session for 3 consecutive days. Measurement of fitness levels was carried out by measuring the athlete's VO2max. VO2max was measured using the Bleep Test method at the beginning and the end of treatment. The results of the bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon statistical test showed that giving coconut water to the fitness level of teenage basketball athletes from SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda had a significant effect with a p-value of 0.011 (p <0.05). and giving watermelon juice had a significant effect on the fitness level of teenage basketball athletes from SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda with a p-value of 0.024 (p <0.05). The results of the bivariate analysis using the Mann Whitney statistical test showed that there was no difference in the fitness level of teenage basketball athletes from SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda in the coconut water treatment group and the watermelon juice treatment group with a p-value 0.607 (p>0.05).
Molecular Vibration and Physicochemical Performance of Proton-Conducting Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membrane based on CMC/PVA/CH3COONH4
Authors: Ndruru Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo , Rachmadhanti Elvira Nur , Fridarima Shanny , Berghuis Nila Tanyela , Prasetyo Ridho , Yulianti Evi , Hayati Atika Trisna , Adriana Risda , Siregar Rabiyatul Adawiyah , Sofyan Muhammad Ihsan , Sampora Yulianti , Annas Dicky , Madiabu Muhammad Jihad
Published: December 2024

This work studied examined the influence of ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) on CMC/PVA-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membranes, focusing on molecular vibration, proton conductivity, and physicochemical properties. SPE membranes were prepared via the casting solution method with varying CH3COONH4 concentrations to determine the optimal proton conductivity. Various characterizations, including FTIR, EIS, XRD, and TGA, were performed. The optimal membrane condition was achieved with 10 wt-% CH3COONH4 in the CMC/PVA (80/20) blend, yielding proton conductivity of 3.93×10⁻⁴ S/cm and favorable mechanical, thermal, and crystallinity properties, making it suitable for proton-conducting polymer applications.
Keywords: ammonium acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose, ionic conductivity, poly(vinyl alcohol),  proton battery,  solid electrolyte membrane
The comparison of the Sensitivity Value of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) between ANTAM and Commercial Gold Sources in the Detection of SARS-CoV-2: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Istianah Istianah , Vidiawati Agustina , Alfiyan Akhmad Irfan , Andreani Agustina Sus
Published: December 2024

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been developed as a colorimetric sensor to detect SARS-CoV-2 with surface modification using N-ethyl-N′-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) and angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2). The gold sources used in the synthesis are produced by PT Aneka Tambang Indonesia (ANTAM) and commercial gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This study compares the sensitivity values of ANTAM gold sources and commercial AuNPs in detecting SARS-CoV-2. The AuNPs-ANTAM detection test against the SARS-CoV-2 resulted in LoD and LoQ values of 5.38 ng/mL and 17.92 ng/mL, in the linearity curve range of 10 – 50 ng/mL, respectively. LoD and LoQ values of commercial AuNPs for detecting SARS-CoV-2, respectively, are 6.69 ng/mL and 22.31 ng/mL in the linearity curve range of 10 – 50 ng/mL. Based on the LoD and LoQ values, AuNPs-ANTAM is more sensitive than commercial AuNPs in detecting SARS-CoV-2 over the same range of linearity curves. 
Keywords: ACE-2, colorimetry sensor, EDC/NHS, gold nanoparticles, SARS-CoV-2, surface Modifications
LC-MS Based Metabolite Profiling of Ethanol Extract From the Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) and In Silico Prediction of Antidiabetic Activity With α-Glucosidase
Authors: Latief Madyawati , Arum Dewi , Nurjannah Sofia , Tarigan Indra Lasmana , Khatib Alfi , Yusnaidar Yusnaidar
Published: December 2024

Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) is a medicinal plant in the Verbenaceae family that is known to have antidiabetic activity. The secondary metabolite content found in sungkai leaves is in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, phenolics, and saponins. This research aimed to identify the biological activity of compounds in sungkai plants as antidiabetic agents using α-glucosidase inhibitors in silico. Sungkai leaf extract with ethanol solvent was identified using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). There are 15 compounds resulting from LC-MS/MS analysis which will then predict antidiabetic activity using molecular docking. Molecular docking was carried out using AutoDock Tools software and visualized with Discovery Studio. The highest scoring result obtained from the molecular docking test was the compound C13H23N6S with a free bond energy result of -7.31 and an inhibition constant value of 4.41 μM, which binds three hydrogen bonds in GLU 78, ALA 75, and GLU 198.
Keywords:  In sillico, metabolite profilling, Peronema canescens