bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variation in Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) Seed Stands as Determined by RAPD Markers
Authors: Kandedmir G. Eren , Kandemir I. , Kaya Zeki
Published: November 2017

Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) is one of the important tree species in Turkey. The species has been heavily disturbed by anthropogenic factors and fire, making it important to understand the magnitude of the impact on genetic diversity of areas reserved for seed production. To explore the extent of genetic variation in Turkish red pine seed stands, a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker system was used in the study. The estimated genic diversity for seed stands was found to range from H =0.17 (P, %of polymorphic loci =%58.7) in Çameli-Göldağ to 0.29 (P =%81.7) in Bayramiç-Karaköy seed stand though the lowest polymorphism was observed in Fındıkpınarı seed stand (P =55.8%). The total gene diversity was calculated as HT=0.34, in Turkish red pine. About 65% of the total diversity was within seed stands. No distinct pattern of genetic diversity was found according to the geography, elevation or breeding zones. The highest genetic differentiation was found in the Western Mediterranean geographic region, however, within population genetic diversity was found to be similar among different geographic regions (HS=0.22-0.24). GSTvalue calculated was high (0.35) indicating that genetic differentiation among the studied seed stands was substantial. Dendrogram constructed with genetic distance data did not yield a firm pattern with respect to geography, elevation and breeding zones. In fact, the most of the clusters in the dendrogram had very low bootstrap values, suggesting that the clusters could be refined if more populations and markers are included in the future studies. The implication of the results with respect to in situ conservation of genetic resources of the species was discussed.
Genotype x Environment Interaction in Maritime Pine Families in Galicia, Northwest Spain
Authors: Zas R. , Merlo E. , Fernández-López J.
Published: November 2017

The magnitude and practical importance of family x site interactions for growth and form traits in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) breeding in the coastal area of Galicia (NW Spain) were analysed using several different techniques. Data were from 58 8-yr-old half-sib families planted across four sites. The analysis of variance and the ratio of interaction to family variance component showed the interactions to be quantitatively important for several traits, especially for volume and straightness. Genetic correlations between the same trait at different sites were moderate and highly variable, especially for certain pairs of sites. The results indicated that interactions are a consequence of few highly interactive families that may be particularly sensitive to environmental variation. The removal of these families from the breeding program appeared as an effective strategy to solve the interactions. Results are discussed in relation to the stability parameter considered to identify the most unstable progenies.
Seed Source Variation in Growth Performance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. of Australian Origin in India
Authors: Ginwal H. S. , Kumar Pradip , Sharma V. K. , Mandal A. K.
Published: November 2017

Results of a provenance trial of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. laid out in 2001 at Seothi (30° N Lat., 76° E Long. and 250 m altitude) Haryana, a semi-arid region of India are reported and discussed. Six seed sources from Australia viz. Laura River, Emu Creek, Degrey River, Wiluna, Kennedy River, Morehead River were evaluated from nursery stage (3 months) to field performance (2 year). Two sources viz. E.tereticornis (Helenvele, Qld) and FRI-4 a local seed source were used as control (check material). Significant differences between the seed sources at nursery stage were observed for collar diameter (P < 0.05) and number of leaves (P < 0.01). At age 2 years, significant differences between the seed sources (P < 0.05) were observed for height and field survival. The two seed sources viz. Emu Creek Petford, QLD and Laura river, QLD ranked first and second for height and survival at this age. Results indicate that genetic differences exist between the sources of E. camaldulensis. None of the traits assessed (viz. height, collar diameter, number of leaves, number of branches and survival) was found to correlate with any of the geographical coordinates of the site (latitude, longitude and altitude). There were fair differences between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability. Heritability values were fairly high for height and clear bole length in comparison to collar diameter, number of branches and survival. The relative performance of these provenances was fairly consistent throughout the period of observation. The two sources viz. Laura river, QLD and Emu Creek Petford, QLD are recommended for potential source for plantation programme under semi-arid conditions.
RAPD Analysis of Genetic Variation Within and Among Four Natural Populations of Betula maximowicziana
Authors: Tsuda Yoshiaki , Goto S. , Ide Y.
Published: November 2017

Betula maximowicziana is a long-lived pioneer tree species in cool temperate forests that plays an important role in the forest ecosystem and has high economic value. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate the genetic variation of four natural populations of B. maximowicziana (three in central Honshu and the other in Hokkaido) to obtain fundamental information on this natural resource. Sixty-one reproductive amplified bands were obtained with 23 primers. Of these 61 bands, 22 were monomorphic and 39 were polymorphic. The level of genetic variation within each population may be very similar, because the population rankings according to number of polymorphic loci, Shannon’s indices and intra-population genetic variance revealed no definite patterns. Global analysis of AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance) showed that genetic variation among populations accounted for 15.6% of the total variation, with the remainder (84.4%) occurring within population. These results demonstrate that genetic differentiation among the four populations is moderate. Hierarchical AMOVA analysis showed that variation among regions (Hokkaido and central Honshu) accounted for 10.4% of the total genetic variation, suggesting that regional genetic differentiation is relatively high. Significant correlations between pairwise ΦPT values and geographic distance were detected, and results of both a neighbor-joining dendrogram based on pairwise ΦPT values, and principal coordinate analysis (PCO) based on a Euclidean metric revealed that the Furano population in Hokkaido was genetically different from the three populations in central Honshu. The data obtained in this study should have important implications for the conservation and management of regional genetic variation of B. maximowicziana.
Sexual Symmetry in Natural Populations of the Patagonian Cypress (Austrocedrus chilensis)
Authors: Pastorino M. J. , Gallo L. A.
Published: November 2017

Sexual symmetry, defined as equal allelic frequencies among reproduction effective gametes of both sexes, was analysed by means of 10 isozyme loci in three natural populations of Austrocedrus chilensis (dioecious and wind pollinated tree species). Haplotypes of effective gametes were inferred by analysing side-by-side both the embryo and the endosperm of seeds collected from 20 to 27 trees per population. The allelic frequencies of effective ovules and pollen were compared in each of the three populations. The hypothesis of sexual symmetry could only be rejected in case of one locus in two out of three analysed populations. That is, most of the loci surveyed turned out to be symmetric in the three sampled populations in spite of their contrasting environmental conditions. Therefore, sexual symmetry in A. chilensis seems to be mainly uninfluenced by the environment. On the other hand, all loci showed Hardy- Weinberg (HW) proportions in the three populations, even those that resulted asymmetric. HW structure is usually considered as enough evidence of panmixia, what implies sexual symmetry, and consequently this result gives an example of the low reliability of indirect methods of testing genetic processes, such as the classical HW test.
An assessment of family variation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) of the Kolonowskie provenance from a reconstitution seed orchard
Authors: Fober H.
Published: November 2017

Variation in spring bud break dates and growth traits was studied among 183 half-sib families developed from Norway spruce grafts on a reconstitution seed orchard. The grafts were derived from maternal trees (ortets), which were selected on the IUFRO 1964/68 experimental plots in 11 countries. All maternal trees belong to the same provenance Kolonowskie, which should be reconstituted as a population by a seed orchard because its exact location was not documented, and thus seed of this provenance was not available. Analyses of variance of the data collected in the first six years of the experiment revealed a very high variation between families in general and between families within clones. Differences between the clones were observed in some traits (plant height after the first growing season, spring flushing in the sixth growing season), but differences between families within clones proved to be more significant. A positive correlation was found between bud break dates of grafts in the seed orchard and their generative progeny on the family experimental plot. The correlation was significant both at the family (graft) level (p = 0.01) and at the clonal level (p = 0.05). The substantial variation between open pollinated families from the reconstitution seed orchard cannot entirely be interpreted but it indicates a high selective potential of Norway spruce at the family level.
Genetic Analysis of Growth and Susceptibility to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in Eucalyptus by Interspecific Factorial Crossing
Authors: Gan S. , Li M. , Li F. , Wu K. , Wu J. , Bai J.
Published: November 2017

Factorial mating crosses of Eucalyptus urophylla × E. tereticornis (3 x 5), E. urophylla × E. camaldulensis (3 x 3) and E. urophylla × E. exserta (3 x 3) were used for genetic analysis of growth traits and susceptibility to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). Genetic effects including female, male and female × male interaction were examined for height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) at age five as well as final bacterial wilt index (BWI) in both nursery inoculation and field assessment by five years of age. Female, male and female x male variances appeared to have a significant role in growth traits H and DBH though their magnitude varied for the factorials studied. For the trait BWI additive (male) and dominant (female x male) effects were both involved in the genetics of bacterial wilt susceptibility, and additive was the major. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability (h2) for H, DBH and BWI ranged from 0.11 ± 0.06 to 0.70 ± 0.09, varying with either trait or factorial. Growth traits (H and DBH) had low and non-significant phenotypic and genetic correlations with BWI in all the three factorials, ranging from -0.10 ± 0.08 to 0.17 ± 0.14 in coefficient of correlation. This indicates that it may be possible to select superior trees with both fast growth and high resistance to bacterial wilt in eucalypt hybrid populations in operational breeding programs.
Patterns of Pollen Flow and Genetic Differentiation Among Pollen Pools in Quercus salicina in a Warm Temperate Old–growth Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest
Authors: Nakanishi Atsushi , Tomaru N. , Yoshimaru H. , Kawahara T. , Manabe T. , Yamamoto S.
Published: November 2017

Paternity analysis and analysis of molecular variance were used to determine patterns of pollen flow and genetic differentiation among pollen pools in Quercus salicina in an 11.56-ha plot in a temperate old-growth evergreen broad-leaved forest. The genotypes at seven microsatellite loci were determined for 111 adult trees and 276 seeds collected from under eight seed parents. The proportion of pollen flow from outside the plot (further than 100 m) was 52.2%, indicating that long-distance pollen flow occurred frequently in this species, as observed in other Quercus species. The pollen pools from inside and outside the plot differed genetically, and genetic structure was detected in the population of adult trees within the plot. Therefore, longdistance pollen flow from outside the plot may introduce new or low-frequent alleles, and increase genetic diversity in this population. However, the actual average distance of pollen flow within the plot was significantly shorter than the average potential distance, and negative exponential curves explained well the frequencies of matings as functions of the distance between parents, as found in other Quercus species. The genetic composition of pollen pools differed among the eight seed parents. The genetic differentiation of pollen pools between the seed parents showed significant positive correlation with the spatial distance between them, indicating that neighboring seed parents tend to accept similar pollen pools, probably because matings are frequently mediated by pollen transported over short distances
Clonal selection ofEucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulusfor productivity, adaptability, and stability, using SNP markers
Authors: Torres-Dini D. , Nunes A. C. P. , Aguiar A. , Nikichuk N. , Centurión C. , Cabrera M. , Moraes M. L. T. , Resende M. D. V. , Sebbenn A. M.
Published: November 2017

In Uruguay, reforestations withEucalyptussp. is of fundamental importance to supply paper, pulp, and wood production. This study investigates genetic, productivity, stability, and adaptability parameters in the selection ofEucalypts grandis x Eucalyptus globulusfull-sib hybrid clones. The study was conducted in a clonal test, repeated in two different soils types, in Rio Negro State, Uruguay. The population was characterized phenotypically for diameter at breast height (dbh) and genotyped for SNP markers (EuCHIP60K chip). Mean dbh was similar between sites and the genotype–environment interaction was simple. We found high genotype correlation in clone performance between environments (0.708), indicating the possibility of selecting the same clones for both study locations. Mean heritability between clones (0.724), coefficient of individual genetic variation (10.9 %), and relative variation (0.916), suggest the possibility of gains (estimated at 3.1 % for both sites together) by selecting clones with higher growth rates. A total of 15,196 SNPs were used to confirm parentage and test a genomic selection model for dbh. The predictive capacity was negative (-0.15) given the small population size (78 individuals). The most adaptable material among the tested study sites presented higher values for SNP heterozygosity. Thus, using molecular markers to identify clones responsive to environmental changes can act as a powerful tool inEucalyptusbreeding programs. The hybrid population showed greater adaptability thanE. globulusfor this region.
Genetic effects on heartwood color variation in Cryptomeria japonica
Authors: Miyamoto Naoko , Iizuka Kazuya , Nasu Jin’ya , Yamada Hiroo
Published: November 2017

To obtain fundamental and useful information regarding heartwood color traits in Japanese cedar, the validity of using L* index for expressing heartwood color and genetic and environmental influences on heartwood color were analyzed using 118 clones with 303 individuals aged approximately 30 years. As for three clones with typical reddish and blackish heartwood, relationships between heartwood color and moisture/potassium content, which were pointed out as ones of the causative agents of blackish heartwood, and the color change after approximately 20 years of conservation were investigated.

Based on the continuity, width range, and standard deviation of each index of L*a*b* data, L* was found out to be an appropriate index to express heartwood color in this species. L* values significantly differed between clones. A moderately high repeatability of clones was detected in L* value. Spatial autocorrelation analysis also showed a stronger effect genetically than environmentally. Moisture and potassium contents significantly differed between two groups of reddish and blackish heartwood. Therefore, the absorption and accumulation of water and potassium into trunk may be genetically regulated. As for the L* value of heartwood color after approximately 20 years of conservation, the difference between two groups was still significant, but the lightness in blackish heartwood increased such that the difference was greatly reduced.
The Quest to Solve Problems That Don’t Exist: Thought Artifacts in Contemporary Ontology
Authors: Kastrup Bernardo
Published: November 2017

Questions about the nature of reality and consciousness remain unresolved in philosophy today, but not for lack of hypotheses. Ontologies as varied as physicalism, microexperientialism and cosmopsychism enrich the philosophical menu. Each of these ontologies faces a seemingly fundamental problem: under physicalism, for instance, we have the ‘hard problem of consciousness,’ whereas under microexperientialism we have the ‘subject combination problem.’ I argue that these problems are thought artifacts, having no grounding in empirical reality. In a manner akin to semantic paradoxes, they exist only in the internal logico-conceptual structure of their respective ontologies.
Kennan and the Neglected Variable in Post-Socialist Societies: The Loss of Honest Dialogue and the Need for Empathy
Authors: Tešan Jesenko , Davison Joan
Published: November 2017

This paper analyzes the symbolism of George Kennan’s famous “X” article relative to the challenges of contemporary post-socialist and post-conflict transitions. It unpacks recent developments in the field of contemporary political discourse, discussing the critical application of practices such as thinking with your heart, parrhesis, and pathos, as well as Kennan’s suggestion of the significance of uncertainty and reflection for global relations. The central question is: What would Kennan write in an X Article to the societies and states in transition? While various definitions of the term “parrhesis” exist, this paper employs both the definition suggested by Michel Foucault who understood it as “fearless speech” and Eric Voegelin who closely follows Plato’s meaning linking it with “heart”, i.e. vision of the spiritual, an existential (dis)order of representatives of a society.
Book Review “Religion Explained? The Cognitive Science of Religion after Twenty-Five Years”
Authors: Van Eyghen Hans
Published: November 2017

I review the book “Religion Explained? The Cognitive Science of Religion after Twenty-Five Years.” I discuss all the papers in the book and highlight some recurrent issues.
Die „Menschenuhr“ bei Jean Paul und Gogol’
Authors: Böhmig Michaela
Published: November 2017

The paper focuses on the passage in Gogol’s short story Nevsky Prospekt in which he describes how representatives of the various social classes, ranks and professions promenade along the main boulevard of St. Petersburg at different times of the day. The paper shows how the Russian writer was not the first to recount this daily routine in minute detail, as the German writer Jean Paul had already done so in his novel Siebenkäs. Jean Paul identifies the inspiration for this phenomenon, which he calls the “Human Clock”, in the “Flower Clock” of Carl Linnaeus. An analysis of Jean Paul’s popularity in Russia in the first half of the 19th Century allows us to argue that Gogol, probably through the poet Vasily Zhukovsky, could have known about Jean Paul and maybe even about Linnaeus.
Gottfried Groddeck im Netz: Historische Konstellationen, Gelehrtennetzwerke und Wissenstransfer in Mittelosteuropa an der Schwelle vom 18. zum 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Bednarczuk Monika
Published: November 2017

The classicist scholar Gottfried Ernst Groddeck (1762–1825) came into literary history thanks to his students, mainly Adam Mickiewicz. Although a gifted pupil of Christian Gottlieb Heyne, he gained only local fame; neither he nor any of his works was broadly known. Groddeck’s professional career, however, deserves careful attention, for it is a conspicuous example of increasing academic mobility in Central Europe at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries.

The paper looks at the biography and work of Groddeck from the network perspective in order to examine the various mechanisms characteristic of networks of savants. In the first part, an analysis of some structuring features of scientific networks is provided. In the second part, the author presents the different roles and spheres in which Groddeck acted, for between 1782 and 1786 he was a student of Heyne in Göttingen, then a librarian and private teacher at the Court of the Prince Czartoryski in Puławy, and eventually Professor for Greek and Latin Languages and Literature at the Imperial University of Vilnius (1803–1825).

In all these positions he stayed in contact with other men of letters in Göttingen, Berlin, Leipzig, Wien as well as in Puławy, Vilnius, Dorpat, Moscow and Paris. Among them, there were personal friends, employers as well as pen partners personally unknown to him. Groddeck’s correspondence enables us to reconstruct the various dimensions of the international and local networks in which he participated. What is at stake are rules regulating relations, obligations and hierarchies within both informal and more formalized scientific coalitions.
Klingers „Faust“ und der russische Leviathan: Der Roman und die Machtverhältnisse in Russland unter Katharina II.
Authors: Lagutina Irina
Published: November 2017

The article suggests a hypothesis in the light of which an attempt is made to consider the novel of F. M. Klinger Faust’s Leben, Thaten und Hoellenfahrt (1791) as a representation of power relations in Russia under Catherine II. This novel illustrates the ideological position of Klinger, who for many years has observed with his own eyes cultural and political situation in Russia in the late 18th century, when Catherine II was praised as an enlightened reformer. However, the enlightened ideology of Catherine II was often a despotic autocracy in social life and “enslavement” in everyday life. To represent the space of ideological confrontation, Klinger used the “devilish” perspective from the Faust legend as a satirical technique. The fictive place of publication (“Petersburg”) on the front page of the Faust-novel initiates a chain of associations: “enlightened” Russia appears before the enlightened readers as an illusion, a “leviathanischer Schein” (a word, frequently used in the novel), an invention of European philosophers and travelers. Klinger combines religious and philosophical connotations of the figure of Leviathan, who acquires the features of Gregory Potemkin. Leviathan becomes therefore a symbol of the power relations under Catherine II and a satirical representation of the ideological “monstrosity” of the Russian Enlightenment.
Translation Universals of Discourse Markers in Russian-to-Chinese Academic Texts: A Corpus-based Approach
Authors: Jiang Zhanhao , Tao Yuan
Published: November 2017

The existing research on translational universals (TUs) has so far been confined to limited language pairs such as English-German, English-French, Hungarian-English, Polish-English, English-Chinese, and Scandinavian languages with English being the focus. If the “translationese” or features of translational language that have been uncovered on the basis of translational English are to be generalized as translational universals, it is necessary that we should find proof or evidence from non-European languages or two typologically different languages such as Russian and Chinese. This paper, on the basis of self-compiled parallel Russian-Chinese corpora and comparable non-translational Chinese corpora of academic texts for humanities and social sciences, explores potential features of translational Chinese by taking translation of discourse markers (DMs) as an example. Through statistics and observation, this research concludes with four tentative translation universals: simplification, implicitation, strengthening and normalization among the translational Chinese of Russian DMs. Underlying reasons may lie in both typological differences between two languages and translators’ choice of either target texts (TT) convention or source texts (ST) convention.
Conspicuous negation. The grammaticali-zation of the locative-existentialhave
Authors: Szcześniak Konrad
Published: November 2017

This study focuses on the grammaticalization of the Polish locative-existential construction featuring the negative use of the verbhave(nie ma‘doesn’t have’). The construction is compared to its analogs in other languages, where the possessive verb can appear in both affirmative and negative uses. It is proposed that the negative form of the construction is not a mere coincidental peculiarity, but is a characteristic shared with a number of other constructions, which suggests that negation plays a more significant role in the development of the locative-existential construction as well as other grammatical forms. It is argued that negation serves to make a developing construction more salient, thus contributing to its priming, repeated use, and entrenchment.
Falldynamiken und die Aushandlung von Kindeswohl im Kinderschutz
Authors: Wutzler Michael
Published: November 2017

Kindeswohlist ein umkämpfter Begriff. In der Literatur zur Kinder- und Jugendhilfe zeigt sich, dass der Offenheit des Begriffs insbesondere mit den Versuchen begegnet wird, Kindeswohl (multi-)perspektiv, über bloße Konturen hinaus zu definieren und professionelle Verfahrensstandards zu erarbeiten. Andererseits wird die Kontingenz fallorientierter Praxis hervorgehoben. Jedoch wird kaum thematisiert, welche Bedeutung dieFalldynamikenund die praktischen Aushandlungen zwischen verschiedenen Akteure*innen in unterschiedlichen Arenen für die je konkrete Gestaltung von Kindeswohl besitzen. Der Artikel geht fallrekonstruktiv der vernachlässigten Frage nach, wie in Praktiken und Interaktionen nicht nur Konturen, sondern auch konkrete Ausformungen von Kindeswohl verhandelt werden. Zentral sind dabei die sich im Prozess des Aushandelns entfaltendenFalldynamiken. Aufgearbeitet werden dieFalldynamikenanhand von Aushandlungen zwischen familialen sowie professionellen Akteur*innen in einem Kinderschutzfall. Damit wird gezeigt, dass dieFalldynamikals eigenständige Strukturierungsebene der Kindeswohleinschätzung und der fallspezifischen Kooperation in Aushandlungen von Kindeswohl im Kinderschutz zu verstehen ist. Dies erweitert den Blick auf konkrete Fallverläufe und die Rekonstruktion von Konsequenzen spezifischer Praktiken im Kinderschutz, welche nicht allein aus den professionellen Ansprüchen, den institutionellen Gegebenheiten, dem professionellen Umgang mit Gefährdungslagen oder aus Macht- und Herrschaftsverhältnissen zu rekonstruieren sind.
Zur Messung der Präferenzen für nationale Sporterfolge bei Olympischen Sommerspielen
Authors: Rohkohl Finja , Flatau Jens
Published: November 2017

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es, die Präferenzen deutscher Bürger für die sportlichen Erfolge ihrer einheimischen Athleten und Mannschaften bei Olympischen Sommerspielen zu ermitteln. Hierzu wurde im Juli 2015 mit 159 Personen ein Discrete-Choice-Experiment durchgeführt. In 14 Entscheidungsszenarien standen jeweils zwei Alternativen des Konsums deutschen olympischen Sporterfolges zur Auswahl, die sich in folgenden vier Attributen unterschieden: Sportart, Gesamterfolg, Modus des Konsums und Zahlungsvehikel. Die multivariate Analyse ergab einen signifikanten Einfluss aller vier Attribute auf die Wahlentscheidung. U. a. würden die Befragten 1,26 € im Monat spenden, um olympische Erfolge live im Fernsehen oder Internet miterleben zu können.
Flaubert’s Provocation
Authors: Culler Jonathan
Published: November 2017

Madame Bovary, which was scandalous in its own day for its focus on the adultery of a provincial woman, has had a strange, complex fate. Flaubert remade the image of the novelist, as pure artist, for whom style was all that mattered, and disrupted novelistic technique, in ways that critics and writers have found exemplary, treating this as the novel novelists cannot overlook; yet for readers Madame Bovary is not a “book about nothing” but provides a searing portrait of provincial life and of the condition of women. The vividness and complexity of the character Flaubert created here made Emma a type: a sufferer of “Bovarysme.” Flaubert’s revolutionary notion that a trivial subject was as good as a noble subject for a serious novel was taken to be connected to the democratic notion that every human subject is as worthy as another and allowed to have desires. Yet, while promoting Emma as a valid subject of literature, equal to others, Flaubert writes against the attempt to democratize art, to make it enter every life, and renders trivial the manifestations of this subject’s desires, while making her an exemplary figure.
Timespace for Emotions: Anachronism in Flaubert, Bal/Williams Gamaker, Munch and Knausgård
Authors: Hernández Navarro Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2017

Quoting Flaubert through time, Mieke Bal and Michelle Williams Gamaker’s Madame B brings Madame Bovary’s reflections on love and emotions to the present day, in a productive anachronism. Their work produces an intertemporal space where the past is relevant for the present, and the present enables us to understand the past. Intimacy and routine are central in their exploration of Flaubert’s contemporaneity. Those issues are precisely one of the keys in Karl Ove Knausgård’s project of literary autobiography, where he expands narration foreclosing the ellipsis and giving visibility to small things and emotions; a project with some resonances with Munch’s crude-obscene uses of intimacy. This essay explores how both proposals, Bal and Williams Gamaker in film, and Knausgård in literature, can serve us to connect present and past sensibilities and, more than that, demonstrate resistances to the hegemonic discourses of temporality.
The Cultural Role and Political Implications of Poland’s 1947 Shakespeare Festival
Authors: Kujawińska Courtney Krystyna
Published: November 2017

Emerging from the atrocities of war, and still hoping to avert the results of the Yalta conference during which the countries of Central and South–Eastern Europe, including Poland, were “handed over” to Stalin, Poland’s 1947 Shakespeare theatre festival was a sign of courage and defiance. At the Festival 23 productions of 9 Shakespeare’s dramas were staged by theatres in 11 towns, with its finale in Warsaw. My paper will show that the Festival was an attempt to demonstrate both Polish cultural links with Europe, and to subvert Marxist ideology and Soviet culture.
Shakespeare and the Demonization of Fairies
Authors: Spyra Piotr
Published: November 2017

The article investigates the canonical plays of William Shakespeare - Hamlet, Macbeth, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and The Tempest - in an attempt to determine the nature of Shakespeare’s position on the early modern tendency to demonize fairy belief and to view fairies as merely a form of demonic manifestation. Fairy belief left its mark on all four plays, to a greater or lesser extent, and intertwined with the religious concerns of the period, it provides an important perspective on the problem of religion in Shakespeare’s works. The article will attempt to establish whether Shakespeare subscribed to the tendency of viewing fairies as demonic agents, as epitomized by the Daemonologie of King James, or opposed it. Special emphasis will also be put on the conflation of fairies and Catholicism that one finds best exemplified in Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan. The article draws on a wealth of recent scholarship on early modern fairies, bringing together historical reflection on the changing perception of the fairy figure, research into Shakespeare’s attitude towards Catholicism and analyses of the many facets of anti-Catholic polemic emerging from early modern Protestant discourse.
Drama is for Life! Recreational Drama Activities for the Elderly in the UK
Authors: Sextou Persephone , Smith Cory
Published: November 2017

Applied Theatre is an inclusive term used to host a variety of powerful, community-based participatory processes and educational practices. Historically, Applied Theatre practices include Theatre-in-Education (TiE), Theatre-in-Health Education (THE), Theatre for Development (TfD), prison theatre, community theatre, theatre for conflict resolution/reconciliation, reminiscence theatre with elderly people, theatre in museums, galleries and heritage centres, theatre at historic sites, and more recently, theatre in hospitals. In this paper we are positioning the application of recreational dramatic activities with older adults (55+) under Applied Theatre and we are exploring the benefits they offer to the participants. We are concerned that their health and wellbeing in western societies is not prioritized and it is clear that loneliness in particular is a current and ongoing issue. We will present research results from a drama dissertation study that took place in a community hall in the South East England where drama is placed at the core of their practice with old populations. Data was collected by a mixed method (semi-structured interviews and semi-immersive observations) and was critically discussed amongst the authors to conclude that attending recreational drama classes brings a certain degree of happiness, social belonging and improvement of interaction with others to old people’s lives.
“Being Human”: Edward Bond’s Theories of Drama
Authors: Allen David , Handley Agata
Published: November 2017

The playwright Edward Bond has recalled the impact of seeing photographs of Nazi atrocities at the end of World War Two: “It was the ground zero of the human soul.” He argues we need a different kind of drama, based in “a new interpretation of what it means to be human.” He has developed an extensive body of theoretical writings to set alongside his plays. Arguably, his own reflections on “what it means to be human” are based in his reaction to the Holocaust, and his attempt to confront “the totality of evil.”Bond argues we are born “radically innocent.” There is a “pre-psychological” state of being. The neonate does not “read” ideology; it has to use its own imagination to make sense of the world. To enter society, however, the child must be corrupted; its imagination is “ideologized.” Bond claims that “radical innocence” can never wholly be lost. Through drama, we can escape “ideology” and recover our “autonomy.” It leads us to confront extreme situations, and to define for ourselves “what it means to be human.” The terms of Bond’s theory are Manichean (innocent-corrupt, autonomous-ideologized etc.). His arguments are based in the assumption that there is a fundamental “humanity” that exists prior to socialization. In fact, the process of socialization begins at birth. As an account of child development, “radical innocence” does not stand up to close scrutiny. Arguably, however, Bond’s work escapes the confines of his own theory. It can be read, not in terms of the “ideologized” vs. the “autonomous” mind, but rather, in terms of “conscious” and “unconscious.” In Coffee (2000), Bond takes character of Nold on a journey into the Dantean hell of his own unconscious. He does not recover his “innocence,” but, rather, he has to face the darkness of both history and the psyche.
Mimesis in Crisis: Narration and Diegesis in Contemporary Anglophone Theatre and Drama
Authors: Lorek-Jezińska Edyta
Published: November 2017

The main objective of my article is to investigate the ways in which contemporary Anglophone drama and theatre actively employ diegetic and narrative forms, setting them in conflict with the mimetic action. The mode of telling seems to be at odds with the conviction not only about the mimetic nature of performance and theatre but also about the growing visuality of contemporary theatre. Many contemporary performances and dramatic texts expose the tensions between the reduction of visual representations and the expansion of the narrative space. This space offers various possibilities of exploring the distance between the performers and spectators, tensions between narrative time and place and the present time of performance, the real and the imagined/inauthentic/fake, traumatic memory and imagination. The active foregrounding of the diegetic elements of performance will be exemplified with reference to several contemporary plays and performances: my focus will be on the uses of epic forms in what can be called post-epic theatre, illustrated by Kieran Hurley’s Rantin (2013); the foregrounding of the diegetic and the undecidability of the fictional and the real, instantiated by Forced Entertainment’s performances (Showtime, 1996) and Martin McDonagh’s The Pillowman (2003); and the narrative density and traumatic aporia of Pornography (2007) by Simon Stephens.
Childhood adversities are not a predictors of SSTR4met in alcoholics
Authors: Berent Dominika , Pogórski Michał , Kulczycka-Wojdala Dominika , Kusideł Ewa , Macander Marian , Pawłowska Zofia
Published: November 2017

Background

Genome methylation may modulate synaptic plasticity, being a potential background for mental disorder. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), known to be frequently reported by patients with alcohol dependence (AD), have been proposed as one of environmental inequities influencing DNA methylation. The study is aiming 1.To assess a promoter region methylation in gene for somatostatin receptor subtype-4 (

Results

promoter region was found methylated in 21.6% patients with AD and 2.3% controls. None of following characteristics: current age, gender, term and kind of labor, 13 categories of childhood trauma, diet, alcohol drinking severity, age at alcohol drinking initiation, age at onset of problem drinking, cigarette smoking, and

Conclusions

promoter region methylation in here studied participants may be either inherited epigenetic modification or secondary, but not to here assessed variables.
CRIME IN TOURISM DESTINATIONS: RESEARCH REVIEW
Authors: Lisowska Agnieszka
Published: November 2017

Tourism has become a common phenomenon, very important for various reasons, especially for developing regions and countries, and which in consequence has been perceived as positive. However, increasingly commonly works have cast a slightly different look. Tourism leads to a temporarily increased number of people in a relatively small area, and contributes to the introduction of ‘strangers’ to local communities which can lead to problems such as crime. On the other hand, a higher risk of being a victim may lead to the reduced attractiveness of a given destination. A small number of studies in this field draw attention to this, concentrating on a general outline of their interdependence but specific urban tourist areas are rarely the subject of research. This review covers various works on the relationship between tourism and crime.
The human impact and the aquatic biodiversity of lake Bosomtwe: rennaisance of the cultural traditions of Abono (Ghana)?
Authors: Adom Dickson
Published: November 2017

The lake Bosomtwe in the Abono Village in the Ashanti Region of Ghana is in a deplorable state, thereby negatively affecting its rich aquatic biodiversity. The condition is blamed on the negative human impacts on the lake. A phenomenological study of the qualitative approach was undertaken to investigate this phenomenon. The findings revealed that the deteriorating condition of the lake is due to the weak implementation of the cultural traditions of the Abono people. The study proposes the strict observance of the cultural traditions as a complement to the scientific models to avert the want and destruction of the aquatic biodiversity of lake Bosomtwe of Ghana.
On the emergence of reduplication in German morphophonology
Authors: Kentner Gerrit
Published: November 2017

This paper discusses reduplication as a technique of word formation in German. In contrast to
previous approaches, which consider reduplication as extra-grammatical and unproductive, this study
identifies rhyme and ablaut reduplication as truly reduplicative processes in the morphology of German.
A sizeable corpus of these reduplications and an acceptability rating study attest the productivity of this
phenomenon. Other contemplable cases of reduplicative structures are properly treated as either
phonological doubling, lexical sequencing, or (special cases of) compounding. An analysis in terms of
Optimality Theory (OT) is offered which suggests that both rhyme and ablaut reduplication emerge when
a segmentally and prosodically underspecified expressive morpheme is attached to a base – given
that the base strictly obeys certain word prosodic requirements. The present approach considers the
morphophonology to be blind to morphosyntactic structure and consequently eschews constraints
that make explicit reference to base-reduplicant correspondence. The OT grammar successfully
models the emergence of the fixed bipedal structure, the obligatory segmental deviance of the
reduplicant, non-exponence of the expressive morpheme in the case of non-trochaic bases,
the variable linearization of base and reduplicant in ablaut reduplication, and the interaction of reduplication
with segmental alternations. Certain (crosslinguistic) correlations regarding constraints on reduplicative
word formation and poetic devices, such as rhyme and meter, are discussed.
PCl bond length depression upon coordination of a diazaphosphasiletidine to a group 13 element Lewis acid or a transition metal carbonyl fragment – Synthesis and structural characterization of diazaphosphasiletidine adducts withP-coordination
Authors: Gün Hülya , Mettlach née Casel Claudia , Frank Walter
Published: November 2017

ThreeP-chloro-substituted diazaphosphasiletidines, Me2Si(NtBu)2PCl (1) and Me2Si(NtBu)2P(E)Cl (E=BCl3(2); W(CO)5(3)), are presented for comparison.1was first prepared more than 30 years ago and studied by means of spectroscopic methods, however, no crystal structure has been reported until now. In the presence of the comparatively weak Lewis acid BCl3and the labile metal carbonyl complex [W(CO)5(THF)],1can be easily converted into its corresponding adducts2and3. All products were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The structures of the new compounds2and3reveal a remarkable P–Cl bond contraction caused by the coordination of1to the Lewis acid or the Lewis acidic W(CO)5fragment. Although the coordination number of the P atom is increased in2and3, the P–Cl bond length is reduced dramatically, some kind of bond length paradoxon. A computational study suggests that these P–Cl bond shortenings result from a less effective donation of electron density from the lone pairs at the nitrogen atoms to the antibondingσ*(P–Cl) orbital in2and3as compared to1.
Iminopyridine ligand complexes of group 14 dihalides and ditriflates – neutral chelates and ion pair formation
Authors: Flock Johanna , Steller Beate , Unger Petra , Gerke Birgit , Pöttgen Rainer , Fischer Roland C.
Published: November 2017

Reaction of the chelating imino-pyridine ligand SIMPY, (SIMPY=2-(DippN=CH)-C5H4N), Dipp=2,6-
i
Pr2-C6H3, with germanium(II) and tin(II) halides provides the respective neutral complexes [SIMPY·EX2] (EX2: E=Ge, X=Cl, Br; E=Sn, X=Cl, Br, I). The method is readily extendable to give the tin(II) triflate complex [SIMPY·Sn(OTf)2] (OTf, triflate=CF3SO3
−). In the solid state, the neutral compounds [SIMPY·EX2] exist as monomers, in which the four-coordinate tetrel atoms feature a slightly distorted disphenoidal geometry around germanium and tin. Reaction of the tridentate imino-pyridine ligand DIMPY, (DIMPY=2,6-(DippN=CH)2-C5H3N) with Sn(OTf)2 provided access to a neutral tin(II) complex. Similar to the previously reported reactions leading to the germanium and tin chloride complexes [DIMPY·SnCl]+[SnCl3]−, and [Me2DIMPY·EX]+[EX3]− (Me2DIMPY=2,6-(DippN=C(Me))2-C5H3N, E=Ge, Sn; X=Cl), the reactions of DIMPY with GeX2·dioxane (X=Cl, Br) and SnX2 (X=Br, I) yielded Ge(II) and Sn(II) based ion pairs [DIMPY·EX]+[EX3]− (E=Ge, X=Cl, Br; E=Sn, X=Br, I) as a consequence of spontaneous dissociation of the group 14 dihalides. The tetrel atoms in the cationic parts in [DIMPY·EX]+[EX3]− are four-coordinate as one halide substituent is replaced by the coordination of a second imino donor group from the ligand. The anionic fragments adopt a pyramidally, tri-coordinate geometry. In contrast, the DIMPY tin(II) ditriflate complex crystallizes with two independent, neutral molecules per asymmetric unit, in which one of the tin centers is five- coordinate by interaction with three donor sites of the chelating bis(imino)pyridine ligand and two additional contacts towards the oxygen atoms of the triflate counter-anions. In the second crystallographically independent complex the tin atom is six-coordinate with a slightly distorted octahedral geometry via interaction with THF as an additional donor molecule. All compounds reported were studied by means of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the solid state structures of the complexes [SIMPY·EX2] (EX2: E=Ge, X=Cl, Br; E=Sn, X=Cl, Br, I), the ion pairs [DIMPY·EX]+[EX3]− (E=Ge, X=Cl; E=Sn, X=Br) and the tin(II) ditriflate [DIMPY·Sn(OTf)2] were authenticated by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Moreover, [DIMPY·Sn(OTf)2] was investigated by 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Insertion of phenyl isocyanate into mono- and diaminosilanes
Authors: Kraushaar Konstantin , Herbig Marcus , Schmidt Dana , Wagler Jörg , Böhme Uwe , Kroke Edwin
Published: November 2017

The aminosilanes MenSi(NRR′)4−n
(n=2,3) with NRR′=ethylamino (NHEt), n-propylamino (NH
n
Pr), sec-butylamino (NH
s
Bu), n-octylamino (NH
n
Oct), n-dodecylamino (NH
n
Dodec), allylamino (NHAll), tert-butylamino (NH
t
Bu), diethylamino (NEt2), and anilino (NHPh) were synthesized and their reactions with phenyl isocyanate were studied. In all cases of these silanes Me3SiNRR′ and Me2Si(NRR′)2 formal insertion of the –NCO group into their Si–N bonds was observed, i.e. formation of products with Si–N (rather than Si–O) bonds was found. In some cases, the products could be crystallized and their molecular structures have been elucidated with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.