bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Quaternary Additions in the Properties of a Cu-Al-Mn Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Hussain Shahadat , Kumar Pravir , Jain Ashish Kumar , Pandey Abhishek , Dasgupta Rupa
Published: December 2015

In the present study, Cu-12.5 wt. %Al-5 wt. %Mn-80.5 wt. % shape memory alloy is chosen as the base alloy and 2 wt. % of quaternary additions of Fe, Ni, and Ti added to the base alloy. The effects of these additions on in terms of feasibility, microstructure, hardness, and transformation temperature were studied. The findings suggest the possibility to improve martensite formation, attain higher transitions temperatures, and longer retention over the base alloy through such additions.
Advances in Materials and Measurement Methods for Interior Building Noise Control
Authors: Shafer Benjamin M.
Published: December 2015

Interior building noise control research within the last few decades has engendered the creation of modern materials and material categories. Sound-damping gypsum wallboard has, since its introduction into the building construction industry, become a well-documented treatment for noise in buildings. Theoretical and experimental research has resulted in a fundamental understanding of constrained-layer damping (CLD) theory and of where it is most applicable. It has been discovered, for example, that sound-damping gypsum wallboard is an ideal treatment for speech privacy in enclosed spaces. Recent standardization of speech privacy for enclosed spaces has fostered discovery related to CLD applications. However, CLD research has also resulted in the realization that standards, building codes, and guidelines related to the Sound Transmission Class (STC) are in need of scrutinization and revision. Currently referenced sound transmission loss research reports and formal reports contain test data from a variety of labs over a relatively long period of time, from the early 1960s to the present time. A comparison of contemporary sound transmission loss data to earlier data results in contrasting STC ratings, often to the detriment of the tested assembly in regard to sound transmission loss. Similarly, when comparing contemporary sound transmission loss data for the same assembly partition but from various laboratories, there exists a large variation in the STC from laboratory to laboratory. These important issues will be discussed in detail along with solutions for cultivating progress in the building noise control industry.
StuccoMetrics: Performance Testing and Evaluation of Drainage Screed Flashings and Drainage Subassemblies Used in Stucco Drainage Wall Systems
Authors: Bowlsby Jeffrey , Diosdado Christine
Published: December 2015

Building codes require a concealed water-resistive barrier (WRB) with a means of drainage (drainage subassembly) at the base of an exterior Portland cement-based plaster (stucco) drainage wall. Although not mandated, similar drainage screed flashings and subassemblies are used at window and door heads and occasionally at soffit corners to facilitate drainage at locations susceptible to water intrusion and damage. Drainage screed flashings are critical components of drainage subassemblies, but little is known about the actual performance of these drainage screed flashings and drainage subassemblies. Therefore, we tested and evaluated 20 specimens consisting of five drainage screed flashings and four different subassemblies. This paper describes the development of drainage screed flashings, outlines relevant building code requirements of these components, highlights the importance of drainage screed flashing and drainage subassemblies, and examines some problematic as-built conditions when drainage features are not present. We also present our observations, findings, and conclusions from our qualitative testing of the 20 test specimens.
Water-Resistant Barriers in Stucco Wall Cladding Systems: History, Design Guidelines, Lessons Learned, and Laboratory Testing
Authors: Patel Amrish K.
Published: December 2015

Water-resistant barrier requirements (i.e., code and industry guidelines) within portland cement-based plaster (stucco) wall cladding systems have changed over the past decade. Various types of water-resistant barriers have been developed, and different configurations for their use within stucco wall cladding systems have been implemented successfully. However, improper use or lack of a proper water-resistant barrier can lead to deterioration or corrosion of exterior wall components, including sheathing, framing, and insulation, and can eventually result in water leakage into interior spaces.

This paper will review the changes in water-resistant barrier requirements for exterior stucco wall cladding systems. It discusses the mechanisms for failure and water leakage paths through stucco cladding systems and water-resistance barriers, presented through various case studies. Laboratory testing of various types of water-resistant barrier materials will also be performed. Comparisons of the results are explored along with examples of actual in-service installations.
Frequency-Dependent Representation of Reinforcement-Related Information in the Human Medial and Lateral Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Smith Elliot H. , Banks Garrett P. , Mikell Charles B. , Cash Syndey S. , Patel Shaun R. , Eskandar Emad N. , Sheth Sameer A.
Published: December 2015

The feedback-related negativity (FRN) is a commonly observed potential in scalp electroencephalography (EEG) studies related to the valence of feedback about a subject's performance. This potential classically manifests as a negative deflection in medial frontocentral EEG contacts following negative feedback. Recent work has shown prominence of theta power in the spectral composition of the FRN, placing it within the larger class of “frontal midline theta” cognitive control signals. Although the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is thought to be the cortical generator of the FRN, conclusive data regarding its origin and propagation are lacking. Here we examine intracranial electrophysiology from the human medial and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) to better understand the anatomical localization and communication patterns of the FRN. We show that the FRN is evident in both low- and high-frequency local field potentials (LFPs) recorded on electrocorticography. The FRN is larger in medial compared with lateral PFC, and coupling between theta band phase and high-frequency LFP power is also greater in medial PFC. Using Granger causality and conditional mutual information analyses, we provide evidence that feedback-related information propagates from medial to lateral PFC, and that this information transfer oscillates with theta-range periodicity. These results provide evidence for the dACC as the cortical source of the FRN, provide insight into the local computation of frontal midline theta, and have implications for reinforcement learning models of cognitive control.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUsing intracranial electrophysiology in humans, this work addresses questions about a frequently studied feedback-related electroencephalographic signal, illuminating anatomical and functional properties of the representation of feedback-related reinforcement during decision-making across the medial to lateral extent of the human prefrontal cortex.
CCL2 Mediates Neuron–Macrophage Interactions to Drive Proregenerative Macrophage Activation Following Preconditioning Injury
Authors: Kwon Min Jung , Shin Hae Young , Cui Yuexian , Kim Hyosil , Thi Anh Hong Le , Choi Jun Young , Kim Eun Young , Hwang Dong Hoon , Kim Byung Gon
Published: December 2015

CNS neurons in adult mammals do not spontaneously regenerate axons after spinal cord injury. Preconditioning peripheral nerve injury allows the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory axons to regenerate beyond the injury site by promoting expression of regeneration-associated genes. We have previously shown that peripheral nerve injury increases the number of macrophages in the DRGs and that the activated macrophages are critical to the enhancement of intrinsic regeneration capacity. The present study identifies a novel chemokine signal mediated by CCL2 that links regenerating neurons with proregenerative macrophage activation. Neutralization of CCL2 abolished the neurite outgrowth activity of conditioned medium obtained from neuron–macrophage cocultures treated with cAMP. The neuron–macrophage interactions that produced outgrowth-promoting conditioned medium required CCL2 in neurons and CCR2/CCR4 in macrophages. The conditioning effects were abolished in CCL2-deficient mice at 3 and 7 d after sciatic nerve injury, but CCL2 was dispensable for the initial growth response and upregulation of GAP-43 at the 1 d time point. Intraganglionic injection of CCL2 mimicked conditioning injury by mobilizing M2-like macrophages. Finally, overexpression of CCL2 in DRGs promoted sensory axon regeneration in a rat spinal cord injury model without harmful side effects. Our data suggest that CCL2-mediated neuron–macrophage interaction plays a critical role for amplification and maintenance of enhanced regenerative capacity by preconditioning peripheral nerve injury. Manipulation of chemokine signaling mediating neuron–macrophage interactions may represent a novel therapeutic approach to promote axon regeneration after CNS injury.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCNS axons do not regenerate spontaneously after injury. However, preconditioning peripheral nerve injury enables dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons to regenerate central axons beyond spinal lesion. The exact mechanism by which the conditioning injury enhances axon regeneration capacity remains elusive. We report here that neuronal CCL2 induced by conditioning injury mediates neuron–macrophage interactions, resulting in accumulation of perineuronal macrophages with a proregenerative phenotype. Genetic or immunological inhibition of CCL2 abolished conditioning effectsin vitroandin vivo, indicating that CCL2-mediated activation of proregenerative macrophages is essential in the conditioning injury-induced enhanced regenerative capacity. Intraganglionic CCL2 gene delivery recapitulates conditioning effects after spinal cord injury, suggesting that a chemokine signal mediating neuron–macrophage interaction may be a novel target for axon regeneration therapeutics.
Maternal Stress Combined with Terbutaline Leads to Comorbid Autistic-Like Behavior and Epilepsy in a Rat Model
Authors: Bercum Florencia M. , Rodgers Krista M. , Benison Alex M. , Smith Zachariah Z. , Taylor Jeremy , Kornreich Elise , Grabenstatter Heidi L. , Dudek F. Edward , Barth Daniel S.
Published: December 2015

Human autism is comorbid with epilepsy, yet, little is known about the causes or risk factors leading to this combined neurological syndrome. Although genetic predisposition can play a substantial role, our objective was to investigate whether maternal environmental factors alone could be sufficient.

We examined the independent and combined effects of maternal stress and terbutaline (used to arrest preterm labor), autism risk factors in humans, on measures of both autistic-like behavior and epilepsy in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pregnant dams were exposed to mild stress (foot shocks at 1 week intervals) throughout pregnancy. Pups were injected with terbutaline on postnatal days 2–5.

Either maternal stress or terbutaline resulted in autistic-like behaviors in offspring (stereotyped/repetitive behaviors and deficits in social interaction or communication), but neither resulted in epilepsy. However, their combination resulted in severe behavioral symptoms, as well as spontaneous recurrent convulsive seizures in 45% and epileptiform spikes in 100%, of the rats. Hippocampal gliosis (GFAP reactivity) was correlated with both abnormal behavior and spontaneous seizures.

We conclude that prenatal insults alone can cause comorbid autism and epilepsy but it requires a combination of teratogens to achieve this; testing single teratogens independently and not examining combinatorial effects may fail to reveal key risk factors in humans. Moreover, astrogliosis may be common to both teratogens. This new animal model of combined autism and epilepsy permits the experimental investigation of both the cellular mechanisms and potential intervention strategies for this debilitating comorbid syndrome.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe comorbidity of human autism and epilepsy has been recognized for decades with little understanding of factors that increase risk. We show that two common human risk factors for autism (maternal stress and terbutaline), only when combined, result in severe ASD-like behavior and epilepsy. The significance of this work is fourfold: (1) combinations of teratogens are required to assess true risk in humans; (2) maternal stress and terbutaline, which are frequently combined in pregnant mothers, may be far more of a risk factor than previously appreciated; (3) astrogliosis may be a common mechanism for this syndrome; and (4) this first animal model of environmentally induced autism/epilepsy permits experimental investigation of cellular mechanisms and intervention strategies.
Women's Rights Save Lives
Authors: Burroway Rebekah
Published: December 2015

Sociologists have long recognized women's empowerment as a key factor in improving development and health in developing countries. Using new data, this study goes beyond the traditionally used indicators of empowerment by highlighting the potential role of women's rights to land, property, and loans in explaining cross-national variation in child health. Results show that land and property rights are associated with lower rates of infant and child mortality across 75 developing countries, net of women's literacy and a variety of controls. Notably, the robustness of the land and property variables is comparable to that of GDP or access to clean water/sanitation. This provides some suggestive evidence that perhaps these aspects of women's empowerment may be just as important as some of the more conventional correlates of child health. However, access to bank loans is not significantly associated with lower infant and child mortality. This is consistent with a growing body of research that questions the efficacy of microfinance and loan programs for poverty reduction, health, and other development outcomes.
Serum PTH reference values established by an automated third-generation assay in vitamin D-replete subjects with normal renal function: consequences of diagnosing primary hyperparathyroidism and the classification of dialysis patients
Authors: Souberbielle Jean-Claude , Massart Catherine , Brailly-Tabard Sylvie , Cormier Catherine , Cavalier Etienne , Delanaye Pierre , Chanson Philippe
Published: December 2015

Objective

To determine parathyroid hormone (PTH) reference values in French healthy adults, taking into account serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), renal function, age, gender, and BMI.

Participants and main biological measurements

We studied 898 healthy subjects (432 women) aged 18–89 years with a normal BMI and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 81 patients with surgically proven primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), and 264 dialysis patients. 25OHD and third-generation PTH assays were implemented on the LIAISON XL platform.

Results

Median PTH and 25OHD values in the 898 healthy subjects were 18.8 ng/l and 23.6 ng/ml respectively. PTH was lower in subjects with 25OHD ≥30 ng/ml than in those with lower values. Among the 183 subjects with 25OHD ≥30 ng/ml, those aged ≥60 years (n=31) had higher PTH values than younger subjects, independent of 25OHD, BMI, and eGFR (P<0.001). Given the small number of subjects aged ≥60 years, we adopted the 95% CI of PTH values for the entire group of 183 vitamin D-replete subjects (9.4–28.9 ng/l) as our reference values. With 28.9 ng/l as the upper limit of normal (ULN) rather than the manufacturer's ULN of 38.4 ng/l, the percentage of PHPT patients with ‘high’ PTH values rose to 90.1% from 66.6% (P<0.001), and 18.6% of the dialysis patients were classified differently in view of the KDIGO target range (two to nine times the ULN).

Conclusion

When only subjects with 25OHD ≥30 ng/ml were included in the reference population, the PTH ULN fell by 22.4%, diagnostic sensitivity for PHPT improved, and the classification of dialysis patients was modified.
The Role of Recombination in Evolutionary Rescue
Authors: Uecker Hildegard , Hermisson Joachim
Published: December 2015

How likely is it that a population escapes extinction through adaptive evolution? The answer to this question is of great relevance in conservation biology, where we aim at species’ rescue and the maintenance of biodiversity, and in agriculture and medicine, where we seek to hamper the emergence of pesticide or drug resistance. By reshuffling the genome, recombination has two antagonistic effects on the probability of evolutionary rescue: it generates and it breaks up favorable gene combinations. Which of the two effects prevails depends on the fitness effects of mutations and on the impact of stochasticity on the allele frequencies. In this article, we analyze a mathematical model for rescue after a sudden environmental change when adaptation is contingent on mutations at two loci. The analysis reveals a complex nonlinear dependence of population survival on recombination. We moreover find that, counterintuitively, a fast eradication of the wild type can promote rescue in the presence of recombination. The model also shows that two-step rescue is not unlikely to happen and can even be more likely than single-step rescue (where adaptation relies on a single mutation), depending on the circumstances.
The Problem Continues: The 2005 Riots in Paris and Institutional Pedagogy
Authors: Beaufort Emmanuelle
Published: December 2015

In this article I describe the context of the 2005 Paris riots and show how institutional pedagogy—the ethics and praxis of considering the classroom and the students as part of a societal structure, driven by the same psycho-social desire and structures as our own societies—managed to channel some of the surrounding violence, albeit temporarily and without eradicating it. These efforts gave students access to the symbolic realm in writing and through production practices, cooperative work, group project design, and the constant questioning of power structures. I will also propose a correlation between the riots in 2005 and the events that occurred thirty-seven years earlier, during the May 1968 protests in France.
Toward the New Commons: A Meditation on Night of the Living Dead and 1968
Authors: Stewart Jeffrey C.
Published: December 2015

No abstract for this article.
Building Dignity’s Diaspora through Rapumentary Film: Learning from Ngātahi
Authors: Alvarez Luis
Published: December 2015

Through an exploration of Ngātahi: Know the Links, a six-part docu/rapumentary film by Maori filmmaker, rapper, musician, and activist Dean Hapeta, I propose that Hapeta, the folks in his films, and the many they identify with are part of a diaspora, one based on interlinked struggles for dignity rather than any particular place or ethnic affiliation. The film uncovers and encourages a diaspora made up of the many local spaces and small politics that seek to make dominant neoliberal, race, or power relations unworkable on the ground, even if only for a moment at a festival, spontaneous musical or poetic performance, or house party. The project both documents and cultivates dignity’s diaspora, showing how people make sense of and strike back against the forces of globalization. They reveal connections between a range of movements for autonomy and freedom. In the larger-than-life murals of pre-Columbian history in Los Angeles and revolutionary struggle in Belfast, the poetic verses thrown on streets in Rapid City and Cape Town or the public marches for the return of indigenous land and against police brutality in San Francisco and the Philippines, Ngātahi illumines dignity’s diaspora. Hapeta and the many new friends he makes along the Ngātahi trail show us that the small politics of cultural work and performance may not be so small after all. More than just imaginary solutions to real problems, the cultural practices evident in Ngātahi enable people to speak back against their own erasure by making a record of events, injustices, and calls for change that might be otherwise ignored or forgotten. Hapeta’s films suggest that “revolution” in the neoliberal, postmodern, postcolonial era may be more plausible with a small “r” and an “s” at the end. The artists and activists in Ngātahi ultimately practice a politics of the possible, demonstrating that utopian hopes for a better future can emerge from the dystopian and almost apocalyptic misery left in the wake of global capitalism and imperialism.
Clostridium difficile Infection in Hospitalized Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Stoica Oana Cristina , Stanciu Carol , Cojocariu Camelia , Miftode Egidia , Boiculese Lucian , Trifan Anca , Girleanu Irina
Published: December 2015

Background & Aims: Patients with liver cirrhosis are at-risk population for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). There is a paucity of data on the incidence of CDI in cirrhotics with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for CDI in cirrhotics hospitalized with HE.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all cirrhotics with HE admitted at a tertiary referral center from January 2012 to December 2014 was made. Patients’ medical charts were reviewed, and demographics, laboratory parameters, antibiotics use, etiology of cirrhosis, and therapy of HE, as well as the results of stool samples for toxins A and B (enzyme immunoassay) were carefully searched. The presence of toxin A or B (or both) in stool samples was defined as CDI. Data on cirrhotics with HE and CDI (study group) were compared with those from patients without CDI (control group).

Results: A total of 231 cirrhotic patients were hospitalized with HE mostly stage 2 and 3, and 17 (7.3%) of them were diagnosed with CDI. The overall CDI incidence rate was 57.2 cases per 10,000 patient-days. As compared with control patients, those with HE and CDI were more likely to have older age, increased serum creatinine level, hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and more prior hospitalizations. On multivariate analysis, antibiotic therapy, age over 65 years, and HRS remained significantly related with the development of CDI.

Conclusion: Hospitalized cirrhotics with HE are at risk for developing CDI, and clinicians treating such patients should be aware of this infection as rapid detection and prompt treatment may improve outcomes.Abbreviations: CDI: Clostridium difficile infection; CI: confidence interval; EIA: enzyme immunoassay; HE: hepatic encephalopathy; HRS: hepatorenal syndrome; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; OR: odds ratio; PPIs: proton pump inhibitors; SBP: spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
Mortality in Digestive Cancers, 2012: International Data and Data from Romania
Authors: Valean Simona , Acalovschi Monica , Diculescu Mircea , Manuc Mircea , Goldis Adrian , Sfarti Catalin , Trifan Anca
Published: December 2015

We aimed to compare the difference in case fatality rate between more developed and very high Human Development Index (HDI) regions, less developed and low HDI regions, and Romania. The incidence and mortality rates for digestive cancers were obtained from the IARC/WHO 2012 database. World mean mortality-to-incidence ratios registered the highest values in pancreatic cancer (0.97/0.94), and liver cancer (0.93/0.96) in males/females, respectively. The lowest values were recorded in colorectal cancer (0.48 in both sexes). Mortality-to-incidence ratios were generally higher in less developed areas, low HDI populations, and in Romania. The difference in case fatality rate between different areas showed higher variations for colorectal, gastric and gallbladder cancers, and smaller variations for esophageal, liver, and pancreatic cancers. In summary, mortality-to-incidence ratios of digestive cancers were high in 2012; higher values were registered in less developed and low HDI regions, and in Romania. Mortality-to-incidence ratios were similar in both sexes, even though the incidence was generally higher in men. Digestive cancer mortality variation suggests the necessity of finding better strategies for prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of digestive cancers.

Abbreviations: ASRWs: age-standardized rate (World Standard Population) per 100,000 population; CRC: colorectal cancer; GC: gastric cancer; HDI: Human Development Index; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; IARC: International
Colonic Mucosal Schwann Cell Hamartoma on Incidental Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: Kanar Ozdemir , Nakshabendi Rahman , Berry Andrew C.
Published: December 2015

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Two Different UGT1A1 Mutations causing Crigler–Najjar Syndrome types I and II in an Iranian Family
Authors: Maruo Yoshihiro , Behnam Mahdiyeh , Ikushiro Shinichi , Nakahara Sayuri , Nouri Narges , Salehi Mansour
Published: December 2015

Background: Crigler–Najjar syndrome type I (CN-1) and type II (CN-2) are rare hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia disorders. However, there have been no reports regarding the co-existence of CN-1 and CN-2 in one family. We experienced a case of an Iranian family that included members with either CN-1 or CN-2. Genetic analysis revealed a mutation in the bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) gene that resulted in residual enzymatic activity.Case report: The female proband developed severe hyperbilirubinemia [total serum bilirubin concentration (TB) = 34.8 mg/dL] with bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus) and died after liver transplantation. Her family history included a cousin with kernicterus (TB = 30.0 mg/dL) diagnosed as CN-1. Her great grandfather (TB unknown) and uncle (TB = 23.0 mg/dL) developed jaundice, but without any treatment, they remained healthy as CN-2.

Results: The affected cousin was homozygous for a novel frameshift mutation (c.381insGG, p.C127WfsX23). The affected uncle was compound heterozygous for p.C127WfsX23 and p.V225G linked with A(TA)7TAA. p.V225G-UGT1A1 reduced glucuronidation activity to 60% of wild-type. Thus, linkage of A(TA)7TAA and p.V225G might reduce UGT1A1 activity to 18%–36 % of the wild-type.

Conclusion: Genetic and in vitro expression analyses are useful for accurate genetic counseling for a family with a history of both CN-1 and CN-2.

Abbreviations: CN-1: Crigler–Najjar syndrome type I; CN-2: Crigler–Najjar syndrome type II; GS: Gilbert syndrome; UGT1A1: bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; WT: Wild type; TB: total serum bilirubin.
Claves para una lectura alternativa de la axiomática en Aristóteles. El caso de Acerca del cielo I
Authors: Berrón Manuel
Published: December 2015

La noción estándar de axiomática que se atribuye a Aristóteles supone un conjunto de proposiciones básicas a partir del cual se infiere un conjunto numéricamente mayor de proposiciones derivadas. Esto se conoce como parsimonia de los principios. Además, el conocimiento de los principios se reduce a una captación intelectual directa. Se pretende mostrar que tales atribuciones no son correctas para el caso de Acerca del cielo I. Se brindan elementos para una alternativa de lo que puede entenderse por axiomatización en Aristóteles. Para ello se trabajara en la reconstrucción de los argumentos de algunos pasajes de Acerca del cielo I.
Testimony and Value in the Theory of Knowledge
Authors: De Brasi Leandro
Published: December 2015

The approach set forth by Edward Craig in Knowledge and the State of Nature has a greater explanatory value than it has been granted to date, and his suitably modified project can resolve a number of puzzling issues regarding the value of knowledge. The paper argues that a novel theory that relates knowledge to testimony is capable of explaining why knowledge is more valuable than mere true belief and why it has a distinctive value. Significantly, this theory avoids the recently advanced revisionism regarding the focus of epistemological research.
El hysteron/proteron del tiempo
Authors: Acevedo Zapata Diana María
Published: December 2015

El pasaje de la Física (218b21-219a) ha llevado a postular un concepto de tiempo determinado por las condiciones perceptivas de la psyche. Se muestra cómo las condiciones de percepción son un punto de partida en la investigación: lo que es primero y más cercano a los sentidos y más conocido para los seres humanos. El punto de llegada es la conexión necesaria entre la existencia del tiempo y la del cambio. La percepción del cambio de los durmientes de Cerdeña permite determinar los elementos que componen la experiencia del tiempo y proceder a determinar aquellos que componen la existencia de este.
La función del pensamiento y el discurso en Hannah Arendt. De los juicios reflexivos a los juicios políticos
Authors: Barrio Catalina
Published: December 2015

Se sostiene que los juicios reflexivos suponen un sujeto actuante que se determina por sus funciones discursivas. Para demostrar que hay un sujeto discursivo o narrativo en Arendt es preciso referir a las siguientes cuestiones. En primer lugar, hay una relación directa entre el sujeto político y su espacio de aparición o grado de publicidad. En este sentido, el sujeto no es cualquier sujeto. Es más bien el que tiene la posibilidad u oportunidad de aparecer frente a otros. Esta experiencia conduce a pensar la acción humana en determinada dirección. El juicio reflexivo opera sobre un caso particular que hace posible la aparición del sujeto discursivo orientando la acción. En segundo lugar, el propósito de este análisis consiste en averiguar si es posible o legítimo pensar al discurso como recurso estrictamente narrativo y, en este sentido, indagar sobre la posición de Arendt al respecto: ¿se pueden pensar los juicios reflexivos a partir de lo narrado? Esta pregunta conduce a la conclusión del presente trabajo puesto que la posibilidad de pensar lo narrado a partir de los juicios reflexivos supone un sujeto específico con determinadas características previas que habilitan las categorías de lo visible, invisible, apariencia y realidad.
El papel de la imaginación en la refutación de Adam Smith a la tesis del homo economicus
Authors: Garrido José De la Cruz
Published: December 2015

La filosofía moral de Adam Smith se fundamenta en el papel de la imaginación para explicar el orden social en un nivel macro, y como mecanismo de identificación afectiva en un nivel micro. En ambos casos, el rol de la imaginación en nuestra psicología moral refuta la tesis de un homo economicus, o de que el ser humano está motivado a entrar en sociedad por su interés personal. Esto sirve de premisa para refutar la posición hobbesiana de un estado de naturaleza histórico que está en la base de nuestros juicios morales que fundan la sociedad civil y la necesidad del magistrado.
El materialismo de Georges Bataille. Una lectura desde Nietzsche y Marx
Authors: Montenegro Bralic Vicente
Published: December 2015

La noción de materialismo de Georges Bataille se erige como una crítica a las concepciones metafísicas o idealistas del materialismo A partir de una reconstrucción de lo que Bataille expone en distintos lugares de sus escritos de juventud, se propone una interpretación del “bajo materialismo” de Bataille desde su particular lectura de Nietzsche y Marx, que, al intentar hacer compatibles elementos de una y otra filosofía, desemboca en una discusión crítica con ambos autores. Esta discusión que, a su vez, puede ser leída como antecedente de una deconstrucción del materialismo como la que lleva a cabo Jacques Derrida.
De fines y elecciones pirrónicos. Un análisis comparativo de DL 9.107-8 y M 9.141-67.
Authors: Correa Motta Alfonso
Published: December 2015

El artículo presenta un análisis comparativo de los últimos parágrafos de la Vida de Pirrón de Diógenes Laercio (9.107-8) y de un capítulo del Adversus ethicos de Sexto Empírico (M 11.[5].141-67). Los resultados de este análisis harán plausible la hipótesis de una fuente común, reproducida parcialmente en DL, pero elaborada y refinada en Sexto. En ambos textos son centrales las nociones de fin y de elección. Se presentan las diferencias entre ambos textos entorno a la primera, y las tensiones internas comunes que implica el tratamiento de la segunda.
Cardona-Restrepo, Porfirio y Santamaría, Freddy. Eds. Estética Analítica: entre el pragmatismo y el neopragmatismo.
Authors: Patiño Barragán Martha
Published: December 2015

Cardona-Restrepo, Porfirio y Santamaría, Freddy. Eds. Estética
analítica: entre el pragmatismo y el neopragmatismo. Medellín: Universidad Pontifica Bolivariana, 2014. 340 pp.
Tell, María Belén. Tras la huella del testimonio. Estudio filosófico sobre los silenciosos alcances de la antropología hermenéutica de Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Merino Beas Patricio
Published: December 2015

Tell, María Belén. Tras la huella del testimonio. Estudio filosófico sobre los silenciosos alcances de la antropología hermenéutica de Paul Ricoeur. Salamanca: Servicio de Publicaciones Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 2015. 288 pp.
Rohbeck, Johannes. “La historia sin telos.”
Authors: Rodríguez Darío Fernando
Published: December 2015

Rohbeck, Johannes. “La historia sin telos.” Isegoría. Revista de Filosofía Moral y Política 50 (2014): 189-199.
Stadler, Friedrich. El círculo de Viena. Empirismo lógico, ciencia, cultura y política.
Authors: Nápoles Mizhael
Published: December 2015

Stadler, Friedrich. El círculo de Viena. Empirismo lógico, ciencia, cultura y política. Trad. Luis Felipe Segura Martínez. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, 2010.
Kant. Ensayos sobre Kästner
Authors: Kant Immanuel
Published: December 2015

Noticia del texto
El escrito cuya traducción el lector tiene entre sus manos nunca llegó a publicarse en vida de Kant, sino años más tarde por obra de Dilthey (1889). Fue redactado en el contexto de una polémica intelectual que, por ese entonces, agitaba la vida académica alemana. En efecto, luego de la publicación de la Crítica de la razón pura en 1781, las reacciones –tanto positivas como negativas– no se hicieron esperar. Entre las negativas se cuenta la de Johann August Eberhard (1739-1809), férreo defensor de Leibniz y Wolff, quien edificó una trinchera en contra del kantismo desde la Universidad de Halle. Para estos fines, fundó la Philosophisches Magazin (1788-1792), órgano destinado a difundir las ideas en contra del filósofo crítico. En 1790, Kant respondió a estos ataques publicando el escrito Über eine Entdeckung nach der alle neue Kritik der reinen Vernuft durch eine ältere entbehrlich gemacht werden soll (Ak. VIII)1 y dio la disputa por terminada.

En lo que respecta al texto que hemos traducido, ocurre que, en la cuarta sección del tomo segundo de la Philosopisches Magazin (1790), se publicaron tres artículos del matemático alemán Kästner (1719-1800): “¿Qué significa “posible” en la geometría euclideana?” (cf. 391-402), “Sobre el concepto matemático del espacio” (cf. 403-419) y “Sobre los axiomas geométricos” (cf. 420-430). Estos artículos tenían el objetivo de demostrar la superioridad de la postura de Eberhard. Sin embargo, en un osado movimiento, Kant redacta (también en 1790) una recensión argumentando que, por el contrario, las afirmaciones de Kästner le dan la razón a él y no a Eberhard.
Can Pl Resistance Gene in Sunflower Line D4 be Used to Differentiate the Pathogenicity in Four Plasmopara halstedii (Sunflower Downy Mildew) Races 304, 314, 704 and 714?
Authors: Sakr N.
Published: December 2015

In order to clarify the role of PlPMI3 resistance gene in sunflower differential lines D4 for differentiation the pathogenicity in Plasmopara halstedii (sunflower downy mildew), analyses were carried out in two groups including four pathotypes which overcome and do not overcome PlPMI3 (Pl gene has still not been mapped) resistance gene. Based on the reaction for the P. halstedii isolates to sunflower hybrids varying only in Pl resistance genes, there were no virulence differences for the two groups. Index of aggressiveness was calculated for pathogen isolates and revealed the presence of significant differences between isolates of races 304 and 314; however, there were no aggressiveness differences for 7xx races. Regarding the life-history trait and the genetic architecture of the pathogen: there were morphological and genetic variations for the four P. halstedii isolates without a correlation with pathogenic diversity. The importance of the PlPMI3 resistance gene to differentiate the pathogenicity in sunflower downy mildew was discussed.
Biocontrol Potentiality of Isolated Trichoderma spp. against Pestalozzia theae Saw. in Tea
Authors: Sarkar A. , Das R. C. , Rashid MD H. , Ali M. , Islam M. S. , Asaeda T. , Wang Q.
Published: December 2015

Isolates of Pestalozzia theae Saw. and Trichoderma spp. were collected from Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) farm area, Bangladesh. The cultural morphology and antagonistic potentiality of Trichoderma spp. against grey blight pathogen Pestalozzia theae was studied for tea cultivation. The antagonistic potentiality of Trichoderma spp., against Pestalozzia theae showed maximum (inhibition 84.45±0.77%) after 72 hrs of inoculation under in vitro condition followed by 76.02±3.50% after 24 hrs of inoculation. This study revealed that Trichoderma strain was highly effective to control Pestalozzia theae, the causal agent of grey blight disease of tea.
New Light Trapping in Thin Film Solar Cells Using Textured Photonic Crystals
Authors: Zeng Lirong , Yi Yasha , Hong Ching-Yin , Duan Xiaoman , Kimerling Lionel C.
Published: December 2015

A novel light trapping scheme is developed to enhance the optical path length in solar cells by using a photonic structure as the backside reflector. This structure combines a reflection grating on the substrate with an over-deposited distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). With this structure, the optical path length can be enhanced by more than 104 times with very little reflection loss. In turn, solar cell efficiency is predicted to be enhanced enormously.
Are verbs politically correct?
Authors: Kuznetsova Julia
Published: December 2015

In Russian, the past tense form of a verb contains a gender marker agreeing with the subject. This gives us a unique opportunity to explore the verbs’ distribution by gender, using the relation between forms with feminine and masculine endings as the basis for a fem:masc ratio. The present study shows that an average Russian verb in the Russian National Corpus has three masculine past tense forms for each feminine past tense form. This article explores verbs at the two extremes of the fem:masc scale: the top 100 primarily masculine verbs and the top 100 primarily feminine verbs. These groups of verbs provide a concrete basis for assessing cultural stereotypes associated with gender.
Language reform
Authors: Lomotey Benedicta Adokarley
Published: December 2015

In order to establish the impact of antisexist language proposals on the Spanish language, questionnaires were administered to discover factors that can obstruct or facilitate the elimination of linguistic sexism. Issues that were investigated included speakers’ perceptions about sexism in Spanish, speakers’ opinions about the relevance of language reform and speakers’ reaction to antisexist lan-guage proposals. Despite the challenges faced by feminist linguistic campaigns, some positive changes in reactions to nonsexist language suggestions were found. This paper reveals that these changes are encouraging indicators of the potential success of language reform attempts.
Captive America: Smart, Rowlandson and the Colonial Sentiment
Authors: Luders-Manuel Shannon D
Published: December 2015

In 1682, Mary Rowlandson published The Sovereignty and Goodness of God, which documented her kidnapping by neighboring Native Americans in New England. Over three centuries later in 2003, Ed and Lois Smart published their own captivity narrative about the kidnapping of their daughter Elizabeth Smart in Salt Lake City by a homeless religious zealot. Both Rowlandson and Elizabeth are high profile, white churchgoing women who become iconographically tied to their communities following their abductions and escapes. While the events in each of these narratives occur at widely different times in history, they both encapsulate the same rhetorical tools and are presented for largely the same reasons. The reason I will be addressing in this paper is that of bringing their communities together against a common foe. Rowlandson’s book and Bringing Elizabeth Home are both narratives which foster colonialism and American sentiment through the construction of the “other.” For Rowlandson, this other was the Native American. With the extraction and return of Rowlandson as a matriarchal figure, the Puritans as family closed ranks against those who threatened to break the familial bond. This collective self represents Good, and the wild other represents Evil. Her narrative is a didactic tool to help the collective self embrace the Good. For Ed Smart, as a member of the politically correct 21st century, the other is not quite as easy to define. However, he also states the importance of family and community unity, and sees his daughter’s kidnapping as a reason to support the current war in Iraq. He also sees his daughter as not only his child, but America’s, and therefore a symbol that all of America must work to protect. Speaking of their book, Ed and his wife write: “It is a journey of hope and faith, an odyssey filled with good and evil, shadow and light. It is a story we hope people will still be talking about one hundred years from now—not because it is about our daughter, but because it is a story about all of us. It is a remarkable saga of a community and a country banding together in collective prayer and coming together with a common goal: to bring Elizabeth home” (15). These two narratives, which represent the prototype and one of the latest offsprings of the literary genre, show the rhetorical impact of the captivity narrative in creating a real life heroine who is at the mercy of an other, but who ultimately prevails due to her inner strength and that of her community. This us and other must exist in order to foster colonialism, and the forced travel of these vulnerable women is the perfect tale of tragedy and triumph for the continued suppression of those whom we deem the evil to our good, the shadow to our light.
Carvalho Poetry Selections
Authors: Carvalho Edward J.
Published: December 2015

The following poems are part of a larger cycle of work entitled _“If the radiance of a thousand suns”: Songs of the American Hiroshima_, which examine the complex familial and societal relationships that develop amid a backdrop of nuclear proliferation. The poems featured in the attached selection correspond with sections II and III of the manuscript, "Please Stand By," and "American Hiroshima," respecitively.
Soil-vegetation relationships on a banded ironstone 'island', Carajás Plateau, Brazilian Eastern Amazonia
Authors: Nunes Jaquelina A. , Schaefer Carlos E.G.R. , Ferreira Júnior Walnir G. , Neri Andreza V. , Correa Guilherme R. , Enright Neal J.
Published: December 2015

Vegetation and soil properties of an iron-rich canga (laterite) island on the largest outcrop of banded-iron formation in Serra de Carajás (eastern Amazonia, Brazil) were studied along a topographic gradient (738-762 m asl), and analyzed to test the hypothesis that soil chemical and physical attributes play a key role in the structure and floristic composition of these plant communities. Soil and vegetation were sampled in eight replicate plots within each of the four vegetation types. Surface (0-10 cm) soil samples from each plot were analyzed for basic cations, N, P and plant species density for all species was recorded. CCA ordination analysis showed a strong separation between forest and non-forest sites on the first axis, and between herbaceous and shrubby campo rupestre on the second axis. The four vegetation types shared few plant species, which was attributed to their distinctive soil environments and filtering of their constituent species by chemical, physical and hydrological constraints. Thus, we can infer that Edaphic (pedological) factors are crucial in explaining the types and distributions of campo rupestre vegetation associated with ferruginous ironstone uplands (Canga) in Carajás, eastern Amazonia, therefore the soil properties are the main drivers of vegetation composition and structure on these ironstone islands.
Effects of dietary high fructose corn syrup on regulation of energy intake and leptin gene expression in rats
Authors: López-Rodríguez Guadalupe , Osuna Silke Kotasek , García Marcos Galván , Dieguez Teodoro Suárez
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in Wistar rats the effect of chronic use of high fructose corn syrup on serum lipids, body weight, energy intake regulation, and expression of associated genes. METHODS: For 11 weeks, male rats were fed a standard diet with either water (control) or 15% high fructose corn syrup solution, or fed a high-fat diet. The rats' food intake and body weight were measured weekly. Expression of leptin and fatty acid synthase genes was quantified in their brain and adipose tissue upon sacrifice at age 119 days using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The intake of 15% high fructose corn syrup did not affect the rats' weight, only the rats on the high-fat diet gained significant weight. The rats in both diets had lower levels of leptin expression and high levels of fatty acid synthase in the brain, which were associated with high serum triglycerides. CONCLUSION: Fifteen percent high fructose corn syrup intake and the high-fat diet reduced leptin gene expression in the brain of Wistar rats, with differential effects on weight gain.
Agenda para Intensificação da Atenção Nutricional à Desnutrição Infantil: resultados de uma pactuação interfederativa no Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Ramos Mayara Kelly Pereira , Lima Ana Maria Cavalcante de , Gubert Muriel Bauermann
Published: December 2015

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o cumprimento das metas da Agenda para Intensificação da Atenção Nutricional à Desnutrição Infantil no ano de 2013, por meio da identificação das possíveis variáveis associadas ao desempenho dos municípios diante das metas pactuadas. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal utilizando a base de dados secundários do Ministério da Saúde, em que foram considerados os 212 municípios que compõem a Agenda e as três metas obrigatórias pactuadas para o ano de 2013. Também foram utilizadas informações provenientes do formulário eletrônico aplicado pelo Ministério da Saúde que trata da implementação da Agenda. Para analisar os dados, utilizou-se o teste do Qui-quadrado, e nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Entre as variáveis que contribuíram simultaneamente para o bom desempenho no acompanhamento nutricional no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional e nas famílias beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família, tem-se: o menor porte populacional, a distribuição geográfica na região Nordeste, o município ter utilizado o recurso, a maior cobertura da Atenção Básica e do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de este trabalho apresentar dados parciais de avaliação, torna-se evidente que o monitoramento dos desempenhos municipais é ação essencial para contribuir com a efetividade dessa Agenda, permitindo com-preender seu processo de implementação e identificar os fatores que possam ter dificultado sua execução, a fim de possibilitar que outras estratégias sejam elaboradas de acordo com realidade e limitações/perfil desses municípios para o próximo ciclo de avaliação.