bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect on Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) of Water from a Feedlot Lagoon
Authors:   , Bishop Nadine
Published: February 2023

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was irrigated when at the boot stage with feedlot lagoon water and well water. A control of no irrigation treatment was also used. The treatments were applied in triplicate. Samples of wheat were hand harvested, hand threshed, and tested for differences in yield and protein content. Soil samples from each plot were analyzed for salinity and available nitrogen. / Mean yields were 3110 kg/ha, 3570 kg/ha, and 3940 kg/ha and mean protein contents were 14.2, 15.3, and 14.9 percent for the control, lagoon-water treated, and well-water treated samples, respectively. The differences in yield and protein content were not significant. / Soil salinity and available nitrogen levels were significantly higher for samples from lagoon-water treated plots, but the salinity levels were below levels generally recognized as detrimental to crop production.
The Effects of the Video Social Skills Program on the Social Skills of Adolescents Identified as Exceptional
Authors:   , Brown Kurt
Published: February 2023

The following research was conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of the Video Social Skills Program in enhancing the social skills of adolescents identified as disabled. Previous research indicated that students identified as disabled suffered from greater social skill deficits than non-disabled students. The research suggested that these social skill deficits can significantly impair student academic performance. Numerous studies have found video self-modeling effective in improving the social competence of students. Thus far, the majority of research in the area of video self-modeling has been conducted using one or two subjects in a highly structured environment. The following study examined the effectiveness of video self-modeling on a larger group of students (five) with varying disabilities using a less structured format, (The Video Social Skills Program). The research concluded that video self-modeling used in the Video Social Skills Program format did not significantly improve the social competence of students identified as disabled as measured by the Behavior Rating Profile-2. However, through the use of informal assessments it was discovered that the self-efficacy of the subjects did improve both during the intervention and for a period of two to four weeks following the intervention. [NOTE: Manuscript includes VHS video cassette]
An Allosaurus From The Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic) Of Converse County, Wyoming
Authors:   , Roth Dennis
Published: February 2023

I describe a partial skeleton of a theropod from the Later Jurassic Morrison Formation of Converse County, Wyoming. Collected material included 17 vertebrae, three ribs, two associated left metatarsals and an incomplete ilium of an Allosaurus in a gray silty-mudstone containing conchostraca. Several vertebrae are deformed with transverse processes broken and pressed against the neural spine, or twisted transverse processes from lateral or dorso-venteral compression. The material has evidence of erosion prior to deposition, as well as during postfossilization. I propose the deformation of the vertebrae is due to a demineralization of the bones. The flattened surfaces appear to have been exposed prior to deposition while residing in a low energy alkaline lacustrine environment; causing the vertebrae to become malleable and susceptible to deforming under their own weight. There is also evidence of interaction between two of the vertebrae, where one was resting on top of the other, causing the transverse processes to become twisted. Examination of the neurocentral sutures and length of metatarsal IV indicate this Allosaurus is a maturing sub-adult. This specimen represents the first documented occurrence of Allosaurus in Converse County and the third dinosaur documented from the property.
Multiple- Vs. Single-Modality Stimulation in the Learning of a Single Response
Authors:   , Webster David
Published: February 2023

Seventy Ss were divided into seven treatment groups and required to learn a list of words by serial anticipation. Three of the treatment groups learned through multiple-sense stimulation, and the other four learned through single-sense stimulation. To determine if any significant differences existed among any pairs of treatment groups, a test of significance was used. No significant differences were found. The results of the present study do not agree with any previous studies concerning the problem. Possible explanations for the results and directions for future research are offered.
Natural History and Status of the Exploited Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus Viridis) in Western Kansas and a Herpetofaunal Inventory of the Smoky Valley Ranch, Logan County, Kansas
Authors:   , Schmidt Curtis
Published: February 2023

Native shortgrass prairie ecosystems have undergone drastic changes since European settlement, resulting in fragmentation of native prairie. With this reduction in available native habitat, it has become increasingly important to conserve the remaining patches of native prairie and the biodiversity within them. In order to apply proper management and conservation strategies to conserve what remains, we must have baseline bio logical information about each of the species present. Few studies exist that focus on the status of amphibians and reptiles in the shortgrass prairie ecosystem. Of particular importance are species whose populations are at risk. The prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) is a species that is commercially exploited as the focal species of the annual Sharon Springs Rattlesnake Roundup in western Kansas. Unfortunately, information is lacking regarding the potential effects of commercial harvest on rattlesnake populations. The goals of this study were to gain insight into the possible effects of harvest on prairie rattlesnake populations, to develop harvest recommendations, to increase the knowledge of the natural history of this species in the short grass prairie ecosystem, and to conduct a baseline survey of the amphibians and reptiles of the Smoky Valley Ranch, a Nature Conservancy shortgrass prairie preserve in Logan County, Kansas. I collected demographic data from samples of snakes brought to the Sharon Springs Rattlesnake Roundup in 2000 and 2001. These data were compared with similar data collected by Dr. Henry Fitch of the University of Kansas in previous years. The results indicated a shift toward smaller and younger individuals comprising the bulk of the sample, an increased proportion of females, and an apparent increase in the reproduction of younger snakes. These results are expected in a harvest biased toward large individuals. Secondly, in 2000 and 2001, I collected data on the habitat use and movement patterns of prairie rattlesnakes from an unexploited population on the Smoky Valley Ranch. Using traditional capture techniques and radiotelemetry, I collected data associated with 27 individuals at 64 capture sites. Of these sites, 68% were in open grass containing few forbs and 56.3% of all capture sites contained rodent burrows. Sample sizes limited statistical analyses, but radiotelemetry provided useful anecdotal information. Concurrently with the above study, I conducted a baseline survey of the amphibian and reptile species that occur on the Smoky Valley Ranch. Using the traditional visual encounter surveys (VES), aural surveys, road cruising, and drift fence/funnel trap arrays, I documented 24 species of amphibians and reptiles on the ranch. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) values for each sampling method were calculated for each species within each of the 4 major habitat types present on the ranch. An index of relative abundances was created using the CPUE values.
The Effects of Alcohol Education on Selected Alcohol Behaviors of Traditional Barton County Community College Residential Students
Authors:   , Cahoone Diana
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect alcohol education on selected alcohol behaviors of traditional residential students at Barton County Community College. The study was composed of Training Intervention Procedures (TIPS) universities and the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey which were all administered by the Cougar Prevention Program at Barton County Community College. / Participants within the TIPS training program were members of athletic or non-athletic organizations at Barton Community College. Participants of the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey were traditional Barton County Community College residential students. / The alcohol educational program offered by the Cougar Prevention program provided students with an opportunity to become educated on issues of alcohol. The purpose of this alcohol education was to decrease selected alcohol behaviors among traditional Barton County Community College residential students. The results of the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey indicated that these opportunities did have an impact on alcohol behaviors such as hangovers and drinking and driving among Barton County Community College residential students.
An Evaluation and Interpretation of The Principal Characters In The Novels of W. Somerset Maugham
Authors:   , Van Scoyc Leo
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to appraise, or evaluate, the ability of a popular modern writer, W. Somerset Maugham., to develop fictional characters. Some critics of his novels have questioned Maugham's skill of character development, but have stated few reasons for their conclusions. When we consider that Maugham has been, and continues to be, one of the leading popular writers of our time, some conclusions regarding the development of his characters seem in order. This study of character development involves an interpretation of the beliefs and personalities of the types of people presented in his novels. This interpretation is possible only through an understanding of Maugham's attitude toward, and a treatment of, the classes and types of people about whom he writes.
An Analysis of Stephen E. Toulmin's Layout of Arguments
Authors:   , Harrison John
Published: February 2023

The problem which this thesis considers is the adequacy of Toulmin's layout of arguments as an accurate representation of the process of argumentation. This adequacy will be determined in view of four criteria, derived from the implications of Toulmin’s own concept of argumentation, which an accurate model of argumentation should meet: (1) It should be adequate to allow for the consideration of claims of fact, value, and policy. (2) It should accurately differentiate between neutral data and inferential statements. (3) It should allow for a clear correlation between data and claim. (4) It should operate as a flexible system. The central hypothesis is that Toulmin’s layout is not wholly valid: (1) that it is in many respects merely a semantic and schematic innovation derived from more traditional forms of 4 logic, (2) that it erroneously structures the argumentation process, and (3) that there is a tendency toward inconsistency and confusion regarding Toulmin's definition of argumentation and his model of it. Within the development of this hypothesis several additional purposes will be achieved:
A Preliminary Study of the Algae of Edwards County, Kansas
Authors:   , Sites Charles
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to classify and describe some of the algae of Edwards County, Kansas. Collections were made along the Arkansas River, Big and Little Coon Creeks, Rattlesnake Creek, as well as from farm ponds and roadside ditches. Taxonomic descriptions of 36 species are given. Included are pen and ink drawings of typical organisms of each identified species. Classification and organization of the algae is according to Smith (1950). Eight new species for Kansas were identified: Gonium pectorale, Closteriopsis longissima, Tetraedron regulare, T. muticum, Scendesmus arcuatus, Zygnema mirandum, Closterium leibleinii and Nephrocytium agardanium. A new variety of Euastrum verrucossum, variety alatum was also identified.
An Evaluation of the Animated-Literacy Approach to Reading
Authors:   , McMillon Peggy
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Animated-Literacy approach to reading instruction by analyzing the Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills scores taken at the conclusion of the school year. The subtests scaled scores of a first grade class that received Animated-Literacy reading instruction were compared to a previous class that did not receive this type of instruction to determine if there was a significant difference. A significant improvement was found in the Word Analysis subtest. No significant differences were found in the areas of Reading Vocabulary, Reading Comprehension or Total Reading.
Taxonomic and Taphonomic Study of a Sauropod from the Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation (Jurassic), Utah
Authors:   , Schmidt David
Published: February 2023

Dinosaur material was collected from the upper Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation (Jurassic) on Little Cedar Mountain in east-central Utah. The specimens came from a portion of the Brushy Basin that consists of a brittle mudstone and durable fine-grained sandstone inter-bedded with a nodular marl. Both elastic layers contained bones, which suggests that they were first deposited in sands then buried by mud of a fluvial system. Elements found include a fragmented sauropod and theropod tooth, a sauropod scapula, coracoid, femur, tibia, fibula, caudal vertebrae, ribs, pubis, and phalanx. The fragmented theropod tooth is from a large carnosaur believed to be an allosaur. No signs of scavenging or predation have yet been found. It is believed that these large theropods were constantly shedding teeth at each feeding. The sauropod tooth is from a camarasaur. This tooth is believed to have come from younger strata and was eroded down slope. Comparative studies of bone morphology show that the post-cranial elements closely resemble those of the genus Apatosaurus. The scapula, coracoid, fibula, femur, and caudal vertebrae are the most complete. Therefore, the taxonomic assignment was determined from these elements, primarily the caudal vertebrae. Several of the elements show signs of weathering. The coracoid and scapula show significant weathering on the side that was first exposed during excavation. This side was probably exposed to the air longer than the underside, which shows less damage due to weathering. It is quite possible that these bones were exposed for several years. Also, many bones show signs of flaking, which is another indicator that they were exposed for some time after deposition. Bone orientation and type suggest that the post-cranial elements represent one individual. Most of the bones were disarticulated with the exception of the five caudal vertebrae. The presence of asymmetric ripple marks in the sandstone, from which the sauropod bones were excavated, indicate a fluvial environment. Sauropod bones may have been scattered about by a combination of scavenging and fluvial processes along a flood plain.
Study of Organic and Inorganic Harmony
Authors:   , Detrich Alan
Published: February 2023

Manuscript contains photographic slides not appended to this PDF.
A Comparison of Certain Language Skills in First- and Second-Born Children
Authors:   , Jefferis Alice
Published: February 2023

Possible differences in the development of language form, content, or use skills have been suggested in research with respect to birth order and sex. However, no studies have been completed which control the chronological age of the subjects in order to determine whether significant differences do exist, e.g. when children enter school. If such differences do exist, prevention strategies could be identified and implemented. This study included twenty first- and sixteen second-born children, ranging in age from five years two months to six years six months, beginning kindergarten. Participants were individually given the Test of Language Development- Primary, and the Test of Pragmatics Skill. Raw score measures obtained from the testing were subjected to analyses of variance. No significant differences among the groups were found in language form and content. Some tendencies were found to exist in use of language with respect to both birth order and sex. A significant difference was found in one aspect of language use. Second-born children were more likely to acknowledge greetings appropriately than first-born children. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Mechanicalism and humanism in a sculptural form.
Authors:   , Jacobson Howard
Published: February 2023

My sculptures were built around two central themes, humanism and mechanical ism. Throughout the construction of each piece I worked to balance the human element with the mechanical or structural element. My reasons for doing so arrive from my observations of our present day western civilization and the vast amount of machines we use and depend upon in our lives. The human element used In my sculpture Is reflective of my thoughts about mankind In general. I used the most recognizable characteristic of man, his face, simplifying it to the extreme generalization of a universal face representational of all people. The mechanical or structural element is represented by numerous parts from mechanical devices found in everyday life. Assembling of found objects in conjunction with constructed pieces, created forms resembling objects such as radiators and whistles along with equally functional looking but imaginary steam machines. Physically, few of my sculptures have \real\ movement or function. Visually, they have implied mechanical function. Aesthetically, they are \mechanical designs\ in the round offering no function but existence and no form but form itself. A final insight about my sculptures is that they are statements about man and machines and their interdependency in a contemporary society.
Negative and Positive Political Advertising Affecting Voting Behavior in Primary Campaigns
Authors:   , Goodson Leigh
Published: February 2023

This thesis was an experimental research project designed to identify the impacts of negative and positive political advertising on voting behavior. The research also focused on how negative and positive political advertising affects the character image of a candidate. Additionally, the research asked questions to determine if opinions on current political issues make a difference in voting behavior. The subjects (N=134) watched a series of commercials from an actual primary congressional election. The subjects viewed different combinations of advertisements to determine the different impacts. The results of the research suggest that there is a significant difference when comparing the reactions to negative and positive political advertising. Negative advertising can be informative to voters whereas positive advertising attracts more votes.
A Critical Examination of Periodical Criticism of Billy Budd from 1940 to 01/01/1970
Authors:   , Gilstrap Jess
Published: February 2023

The study of various approaches related to the considerable body of criticism centered on Billy~ has been in this thesis a challenging and rewarding endeavor. Not only has the review of material pertaining to the novel given me an insight into Melville, but it has also unlocked a most difficult and ambiguous book.
The Post-Arab Spring Geopolitical Instability And Its Effects On Middle East And North Africa
Authors:   , Poulis Sargon
Published: February 2023

Founded on SMTs (Social Movement Theories), the current study aimed at analyzing the impact of Arab Spring uprisings on the geopolitical system of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. With an overview on the political and socioeconomic background of Arab Uprisings, the qualitative study focused on: a) determining the economic, political, and social consequences of the uprisings, especially aftermaths that have given rise to the notion of geopolitical instability in the region, and b) investigating the possible factors that will spread geopolitical instability across the MENA region. Given the comprehensiveness and magnitude, the case of the popular uprisings in the MENA region is assessed using qualitative analysis. The study indicates that, Arab Spring failed to bring optimistic changes, empowered political Islamism, spread religious radicalism, reduced state secularism, and led to the emergence of semi-theocratic regimes. It negatively affected public freedoms, minorities, rights of women, and democratization. The uprisings resulted in riots, civil wars, social militarization and neighborhood interference, empowered Iranian hegemony, anarchized petrodollar, created proxy wars, led to the revival of terrorist cells, and affected economies. The Arab Uprisings which sprung with dissatisfaction/deprivation among the masses against their respective regimes, and created conflicts across the MENA region channeled a mass movement on the basis of collective identities and informal networks. The study ultimately concluded that social movements have the potential to escalate to a full-fledged revolution if not tackled in an appropriate manner. This study proves that Arab Uprisings collectively and negatively impacted the political, social, security, interregional, economic, and financial systems of the MENA region.
Investigation of the Relationships Between Co-Parenting, Marital Satisfaction, and Perceived Child Behavior
Authors:   , Travis Tricia
Published: February 2023

The present research was designed to examine the relationships between co-parenting, facets of marital distress, and perceived child behaviors using participants from nonclinical settings 45 married parents of children between the ages of 6 and 11were subjects in this study. Participants completed the Participant Demographic Information Questionnaire (PDIQ), the Parenting Alliance Measure (PAM), the Marital Satisfaction Inventory-Revised (MSI-R), and the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Parent Rating Scale (BASC-PRS-C). Findings were inconsistent across mothers' and fathers ' scores with a greater number of significant correlations found between mothers' ratings than those of fathers. Mothers' ratings of global distress and problem solving communication positively correlated with internalized child behavior scores Mothers' dissatisfaction with children, global distress, and problem solving communication scores, were negatively correlated with adaptive skills scores Fathers' PAM scores positively correlated with externalizing child behavior scores Finally, mothers' scores of dissasfaction with children and conflict over child rearing positively correlated with PAM scores
Seasonal and Morphological Variation in Caloric Content of Andropogon Gerardi, Andropogon Scoparius, and Buoteloua Curtipendula in the Hays, Kansas Area
Authors:   , Schmidt N.
Published: February 2023

Plant samples were taken from July 6, 1966 to March 3, 1967. The caloric content was determined for three morphological parts of Andropogon gerardi, Andropogon scoparius and Bouteloua curtipendula in a peroxide bomb calorimeter. Highly significant differences existed between the different morphological parts with standing dead containing the most energy while roots and litter contained less. A highly significant difference was noted in the species x part interaction and a significant difference was noted in the month x part interaction. The data indicate that a good portion of these significant differences was due to the great difference in energy content of morphological parts. Standing dead and root values of Andropogon scoparius in the study area were found to be quite similar to those of Andropogon virginicus in Georgia. However, the western litter value was much lower. Energy values were established for three grass species of the Kansas Mixed Prairie. The value established for Andropogon gerardi and Andropogon scoparius was 3519 g cal/g dry wt and the value for Bouteloua curtipendula was 3373 g cal/g dry wt.
Stereotype
Authors:   , Phungjiam Sida
Published: February 2023

I find my art to be reflective – it mirrors my ideas, my memories and my beliefs in life. Sometimes I see it as the result of an abstract focus of my mind and subconscious. In my paintings, I combine graphic elements such as type and image, with paint and collage materials, my favorite beings scraps of paper, wrappers, and other found materials, to create layers of illusions that depict graphic design as an art form.
Stratigraphy, Mineralogy, Paleontology and Paleoecology of the Crow Creek Member, Pierre Shale (Late Cretaceous) South Central South Dakota
Authors:   , Bretz Richard
Published: February 2023

The Crow Creek Member of the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous) is a westward projecting tongue of siltstone overlain by marl, which crops out along the Missouri River and its tributaries in South Dakota. / Seventy-nine samples from 15 measured sections and one subsurface core were analyzed for x-ray bulk rock mineralogy, insoluble residues, and limited clay mineralogy, heavy minerals, and paleontologic elements. X-ray diffraction values reveal geographic and stratigraphic trends in the four major mineralogic components (quartz, calcite, dolomite, and clay minerals). These, coupled with trends in the insoluable residue values, suggest that the Crow Creek sediments were deposited in a transgressive, near shore, shallow shelf environment. Elements of the fauna support this and also suggest that the unit was deposited in near normal to normal marine, mid to warm temperate waters. Periodic (probably seasonal) high energy conditions disrupted the bottom community and led to physical destruction of most macrofossil shells. The shell fragments were then subjected to geochemical destruction and/or alteration. Dolomite was formed by both supratidal flat and reflux mechanisms. Regional epeirogenic uplift in east-central and southeastern South Dakota supplied the detrital fraction and, coupled with the transgression, controlled the geographic and lithologic configurations of the member.
Juvenile Delinquency of Ellis County, Kansas, 1900-1937
Authors:   , Pollock Harry
Published: February 2023

This study of juvenile delinquency contains 184 cases and covers a period of 57 years, from 1881 to 1938 . The case history of each delinquent was secured from the State Industrial School for Boys at Topeka, Kansas, The State Industrial School for Girls at Beloit, Kansas, and the State Industrial Reformatory at Hutchinson, Kansas. The institutional records also contained the parole reports. The boys were located, their present occupation determined, and their school and church records determined where possible. As there are no records in the probate court concerning the cases, the writer was compelled to compile the records obtained from newspapers, school records and interviews with the teachers of the boys when possible. In some cases, the boys were interviewed.
Estimating Coastal Erosion Along the Potomac River Using Aerial Photography, Remote Sensing, and Gis/Gps, George Washington's Birthplace National Monument, Virginia
Authors:   , Derouin Sarah
Published: February 2023

Integration of Global Positioning Survey (GPS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), aerial photographs, and filed examinations of surficial geology were used to identify erosion amounts and rates along the Potomac River at George Washington’s Birthplace national Monument, Virginia. Over a 64-year span (1937 to 2001), the amount of land lost was 40651.97 m2 and a yearly erosion rate of 635.19 m2/yr. From 1988 to 2001, the rate increased 868.87 m2/yr and increased again from 1997 to 2001 to 1010.53 m2/yr. This was calculated form 2001 GPS data overlaid on the 1937, 1988, and 1997 images and using ArcView 3.2 GIS software to find the area lost to erosion. The geology of the shoreline and close proximity of pine plantation near the cliff’s edge appear to be the reasons for this increase in erosion.
Growth Strategies and Biomass Dynamics of Yucca Glauca Nutt
Authors:   , Todd Larry
Published: February 2023

The sequence of events in the life history of Yucca glauca were disclosed as leaf set initiation, growth and development, maturation and reproduction, and senescence. Procedures for collecting newly emerged leaf sets and for measuring peduncle growth are described. Normal leaf set emergence takes place in autumn, and continues to develop and grow the following year. Flowering occurs during the spring of the third calendar year, whereas original leaf set senescence begins in late summer and terminates by late autumn. The perpetuation and reproduction of the species was determined as largely asexual by rhizome development, and the adaptive growth strategies of Y. glauca are discussed in terms of its origin and co- evolutionary development with the Yucca moth (Tegeticula maculata and T. yuccasella) and it's relationships to herbivores and certain physical phenomena.
La Sociedad Mejicana En El Teatro De Usigli
Authors:   , Serrano Aida
Published: February 2023

Tomando como ejemplo sels de sus obras de teatro, se ha tratado de mostrar diversos aspectos de la sociedad mejicana segun su autor Rodolfo Usigli. Su afan por ser el creador de un nuevo Teatro de Ideas, del verdadero Teatro Mejicano, lo hacen llevar la realidad mejicana al escenario como unico medio de poner al descubierto la mentira e hipocresia de un pueblo que se niega a mirarse al espejo. El aspecto moral esta representado en diferentes aspectos; la mentira individual popularizada, sobre todo en la politica; la funcion de la mujer, la erronea creencia mejicana que divorcia el amor y el sexo, y la funcion de la casa chica. La religion se presenta con la fe sirviendo de base y dando asi una nueva dimension al fanatismo creado alrededor del Mito Guadalupano, que por tantos anos sirviera de apoyo a la sociedad mejicana ya que gracias a el dejo de existir la dependencia de Mejico del Imperio Espanol.
Physical Properities of Ellis County Adobe
Authors:   , Read William
Published: February 2023

Houses made of soil have been built for centuries, but until recently the trend had been away from soil to some other building material . Now, however, adobe is again beginning to be recognized as a satisfactory, reliable building material for our time . Recently, especially in the southwestern part of the United States, a surprising number of dwellers have turned again to earth for their building material. They are following in the footsteps of the early settlers, who constructed many missions and other buildings from sun-dried earth. Many of these buildings, although aged, are still in use or may be viewed as historical landmarks . The adobe building s constructed today range from small houses to impressive theological structures, one of the largest being the Cristo Rey Church in Santa Fe, New Mexico . Thus it is adobe, the oldest of building materials, that is becoming an active candidate for wide use in the house of tomorrow. Since little work has been carried out in this part of the country on the use of modern adobe for building construction and since it is desirable to know the strength of any material used for constructional purposes, the following problem was thought worthy of investigation: To determine the physical properties of Ellis County, Kansas, adobe .
Teachers Attitudes Toward Alcoholism
Authors:   , Lang Kerstin
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the research was to investigate teachers’ attitudes toward alcoholism. The independent variables were: gender, when formal teacher education was received, the number of years of experience in teaching, formal education in the field of alcoholism, alcoholism in the family, position, and teaching a unit on alcohol. Dependent variables were: Psychological Etiology, Social Reject ion, Physical Genetic, Humanitarian, Moral Weakness, and Medical Illness. The sample consisted of 103 public school teachers. The information was collected using two instruments, the Tolor-Tamerin Attitudes Toward Alcoholism Inventory and a self reporting Background Information sheet. Three composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level employing a three- way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 114 comparisons were made, plus 12 recurring. Of the 114 comparisons made 42 were for main effect s and 72 for interactions. Of the 42 main effects, I was statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 72 interact ions, 7 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study supported the findings of McCarthy (1964), who reported that most teachers have not received formal education in the field of alcoholism in their professional training. In the present study, 15 of the 103 teachers who completed the Background Information sheet indicated they had received formal education in the field of alcoholism. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. female teachers have a more positive attitude toward Physical Genetic than male teachers, 2. gender and when formal teacher education was received should be interpreted concurrently for Psychological Etiology, 3. gender and number of years of experience in teaching should be interpreted concurrently for Psychological Etiology, 4. gender, when formal teacher education was received and number of years of experience in teaching should be interpreted concurrently for humanitarian, 5. formal education in the field of alcoholism and position should be interpreted concurrently for Medical Illness, 6. alcoholism in the family and position should be interpreted concurrently for Medical Illness, 7. formal education in the field of alcoholism, alcoholism in the family and position should be interpreted concurrently for Medical Illness, 8. teaching a unit on alcohol and gender should be interpreted concurrently for Medical Illness, and 9. attitudes of teachers are positive for Psychological Etiology, Social Rejection, Physical Genetic, Humanitarian, Moral Weakness, and Medical Illness.
Organismal Composition and Photosynthetic Traits of Biological Soil Crusts In Prairie Ecosystems ofthe Great Plains
Authors:   , McCampbell Brendon
Published: February 2023

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are soil-surface microecosystems composed of a close association of algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, lichens, and non-vascular plants with soil particles. BSCs have several ecological functions including carbon fixation, nitrogen fixation, nutrient relations, soil stabilization, water relations, and floral community development, which make them extremely important in many of the ecosystems where they occur. While BSCs have been studied throughout the American West, little work has been done in the Great Plains region where they are less prominent among the dominant vascular plant communities. This study examined organismal composition and photosynthetic traits of BSCs in four ecosystems within the Great Plains—short grass, sand sage, southern mixed grass, and tall grass prairies. To document the BSCs, seasonal photosynthesis measurements were performed in the field and samples were collected for lab analysis. The BSCs primarily consisted of lichens, bryophytes, and cyanobacteria with lichens being dominant in all ecosystems and varying proportions of bryophytes and cyanobacteria. Bryophyte proportion tended to increase with wetter, cooler climates and cyanobacteria tended to increase with drier, warmer climates. Heterocystic (nitrogen-fixing), which contribute to soil nitrogen content, and non-heterocystic cyanobacteria were present in lichens at all sites. Photosynthesis rates varied between sites and seasons, ranging from 0.26 to 3.31 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, and were generally correlated with precipitation and temperature. Results indicate that BSCs of these prairie ecosystems possess diverse communities and perform several important ecological functions.
The Progressive Development of Line Control in Etching
Authors:   , Smith Rita
Published: February 2023

Printmaking is very expressive and creative as an art, although too often dismissed with little serious attention given to the medium. The line is among the first in a succession of related steps in working out the whole composition of an etching. The printmaking method of which I am involved is line-etching. An etching is working a variety of designs into metal by acid. I use about 18 gauge copper and a hydrochloric acid solution. The action of the acid is as important in creating an etching as is drawing on the plate.
Gender Differences in Children's Expression and Control of Fantasy Aggression
Authors:   , Hasch Sheila
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine: 1) possible gender differences in children's expression of aggression in story sequences; 2) possible gender differences in children's expression of aggression control in story sequences; 3) the relationship between aggression content of stimuli and amount of fantasy aggression (FA) expressed; and 4) the relationship between aggression content of stimuli and the amount of aggression control expressed. Subjects were randomly selected from a group of 2nd and 3rd grade volunteers. The Fantasy Aggression Task (FAT), a projective technique developed by Brodzinsky, Messer, and Tew (1979), was modified for use in the present study. Six stimulus cards were used. The six stimulus cards selected depicted one of 3 different Situations, with males in 3 scenes and females in the other 3 scenes. Subjects’ stories were scored for FA content and aggression control. Results indicated no gender differences for the expression of FA or FA control in story sequences. No differences were found in subjects’ responses to male and female stimulus characters. Total FA expressed varied with aggression content of stimuli. Low aggression content stimuli elicited the least amount of Total FA and progressively more total FA was elicited by medium and high aggression content stimuli. Type of FA elicited also varied according to the aggression content of stimuli. Low aggression content stimuli elicited more verbal aggression (VA) and indirect aggression (IA) than either medium or high aggression content stimuli, while high aggression content stimuli elicited the least amount of VA and IA. High aggression content stimuli elicited significantly more physical aggression (PA), and low aggression content stimuli elicited the least amount of PA. The results of the present study also indicated that expression of Level I controls was different as a function of aggression content of stimuli, but further testing failed to identify the location of the differences.
Shapes in Nature and Geometry
Authors:   , Duffy Betty
Published: February 2023

Art is a natural part of life. It is all around us in the shapes nature creates. Combining the beautiful natural flowing shapes of plants with geometric shapes is a very exciting way to express this art. This thesis presents many examples of the combination of shapes in nature and geometry. Whether it be simply using the shape of the work or using shapes within the piece, geometry plays an important part in my approach to present nature in a new and different way. Although this presentation concentrates on the use of rectangles, square and circles, the possibilities for combining these and other geometric shapes with nature seem limitless.
Time Allocated, and Attitude Toward Art, Music, and Physical Education
Authors:   , Bailey Nancy
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate allocated time in minutes per week, ideal time in minutes per week, and attitude toward art, music, and physical education in the public schools as reported by elementary principals. The independent variables investigated were: size of school, district size, and teaching field. The dependent variables investigated were scores from the Questionnaire Pertaining to Art, Music, and Physical Education (Appendix B). The sample consisted of 79 elementary principals from urban and rural districts in the state of Kansas. Seven composite null hypotheses were tested using a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). Three composite null hypotheses were tested employing a one-way analysis of variance. Of the 312 comparison 156 were for main effects and 156 were for interaction. Of the main effects 5 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 156 interactions 14 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. Schools with organization K-8 allocate more time for music in 5th grade than those with organizations K-5, 2. Schools with organization K-8 allocate more time for physical education in 5th grade than those with organization K-5, 3. Schools with organization K-5 and K-6 have a more positive attitude toward physical education than those with organization K-8, 4. Size of school and district size should be examined concurrently for allocated time for music in Kindergarten, and ideal time for music in Kindergarten, 5. Size of school, district size, and teaching field should be examined concurrently for ideal time for music in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades, 6. Size of school, district size, and teaching field should be examined concurrently for ideal time for physical education in Kindergarten, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades. 7. Size of school and teaching field should be examined concurrently for ideal time in physical education in 5th grade, and 8. Elementary principals have positive attitudes toward art, music, and physical education.
The Social Views of Dwight L. Moody and Their Relation to the Workingman of 1860-1900
Authors:   , Chartier Myron
Published: February 2023

Did Dwight L. Moody have a concern to reach the workingman with the gospel? What were his social views and what relationship did these views have to the laborer of the latter half of the nineteenth century? If Moody had a concern for members of the working class, what success did he have influencing their lives with the gospel? Through an investigation of primary and secondary sources the conclusions of this thesis have been established. Part I relies heavily on secondary sources, but wherever convenient primary sources were used to establish the facts and the bases for interpretations. Part II depends heavily upon primary sources to establish the facts and the bases for interpretation. Whenever secondary sources were used, an attempt was made to use works demonstrating sound scholarship. Through an examination of Moody’s career one finds a man who sought to reach the working masses of Great Britain and the United States with the gospel of regeneration. Although Moody was involved in many activities throughout his career, a historical analysis demonstrates that one of his chief concerns was finding means to reach the workingman with the gospel. The story of his early years in Chicago, the revival campaigns in Great Britain and America, and the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago demonstrate this concern. An evaluation of Moody’s career demonstrates that the evangelist’s seeking to reach the working masses was directly related to his social views. In D.L. Moody’s career there is a merging of pietistic revivalism and conservative social views. He believed that the multiplication of personal conversions would solve the nation’s corporate problems. Moody’s greatest success in reaching the workingman was during his early Chicago years. At that time he was on a new battleground in the church’s effort to reach the urban masses. In the Chicago Y.M.C.A. he directed the energies of that organization toward benefitting urban workers. He also learned to be an unordained evangelist. In his revival campaigns in Great Britain and the United States, Moody had hoped to reach the working class in great masses, but he failed as the movement appealed mostly to the middle class. Moody’s last attempt to find a way to reach the worker was the establishment of Moody Bible Institute. Whatever success Moody had in reaching the working masses was due to his unusual organizational abilities. Whatever failure Moody experienced was probably due to his inability to perceive the nature of labor’s plight in an expanding industrial society.
Exploration of figurative and social statements.
Authors:   , Leikam Arlene
Published: February 2023

Every artist faces a selective dichotomy with each new essay into creative art; some choose to sublimate one to the other, while others decry that such a selective decision ever existed. This dichotomy consists of the two major arms of creative work: pure design or social commentary. If one chooses to inquire into the nature of art and the artist, one may even discover that many of the avant-garde movements began not as essays into pure art but as a direct result of the artists’ involvement with the state of his world and an almost prescient view of the future.
A Biographical Study of Lowell \Alex\ Francis: Influential Coach and Teacher
Authors:   , Dawes Michael
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to investigate and record the boyhood, educational, and professional experiences of Lowell “Alex” Francis, which combined, contributed to shaping Alex into an influential leader, and into a productive coach, educator and intramural director. There are no hard, fast, quantifiable measures attributed to Coach Francis’ success. Therefore, this historical investigation followed Alex’s rise to national and international legendary status in an effort to explain his popularity and success as a track and field coach. In viewing the life of Alex, the reader grows to understand how Nebraska-born, multi-talented young athlete ultimately became mentor and coach to hundreds of track and field athletes at Fort Hays State University for nearly 34 years, from 1946 through 1980. In addition, this investigation provides a record of accomplishments by Alex and his track and field teams for posterity at Fort Hays State. Lastly, this study provides a record of contributions by Alex in physical education and in the sport of track and field.
Interpersonal Conceptions of Problem-Centered and Mental Illness Self-Descriptions of Ex-Psychiatric Patient
Authors:   , Gillooly David
Published: February 2023

This research was designed to explore the implications that an interpersonal theory has to offer in explaining the reported difference between the conceptions of job interviewers to two approaches of describing former psychiatric hospitalization of a patient. These approaches use problem-centered (PC) and mental illness (MI) terms. Sixty males, Business and Economics majors, at Fort Hays Kansas State College served as subjects. The Interpersonal Check List (ICL) was administered to twenty-nine subjects who received the PC description of the applicant and thirty-one subjects who received the MI description of the applicant. The applicant for a hypothetical occupational position happened to be a former ex-psychiatric patient. The interpersonal conceptions of these interviewers, subjects, to the descriptions of hospitalization were measured by the following three adapted indices of the Leary Interpersonal System: Conscious Identification, Objective and Subjective Idealization. In comparing the PC and MI groups of subjects, it was possible to delineate differences between conceptions about the interpersonal traits of an ex-psychiatric patient on the ICL. PC and MI descriptions of the patient did not, however, elicit significantly different reactions that were measured by the indices proposed.
Aten to Ziggurat
Authors:   , Peterson-Shea Julie
Published: February 2023

I create art that is personally significant to me. It expresses moods, thoughts and emotions of everyday existence and experience. It conveys a sensory awareness which is not only visual but also is filled with personal iconography and symbolism as an inherent part of each piece.