bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Myxomas: A Histodemographic Analysis
Authors: Akhter Afia , Majid Nadira , Ahmed Syed Salahuddin , Afroz Kuazi Dil , Rahman Md Rezwanur , Ali Syed Mukarram
Published: March 2018

Background: Cardiac myxoma is the most common benign cardiac tumour, accounting for more than half of all primary cardiac tumours. Most myxomas are sporadic and the cause is largely unknown. Familial variants with an autosomal dominant inheritance exist. It is localized generally in the left atrium and typically develops in females. Clinical manifestations can mimic cardiac conditions and depend on the natural behaviour of the tumour and its location within the heart, ranging from being completely asymptomatic to causing sudden death. Establishing an early diagnosis is essential, which is confirmed by histopathology.Objective: The aim was to find the relation between cardiac myxomas with age, sex and cardiac sites.Materials and method: This cross sectional study was done in the pathology department of Delta Hospital Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period of January 2014 to July 2016. A total of 24 cases were studied irrespective of age, sex along with clinical diagnosis.Results: Among the study subjects females were predominant (70.83%) and highest frequency of cases occurred in between 41-50 years of age (41.67%). Commonest site was left atrium (83.33%).Conclusion: The present study revealed that cardiac myxoma occurs most commonly in the 5th decade with female predominance and the most common site is left atrium.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 4-8
Incidence, Epidemiology and Clinico-Pathological Status of Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer in NICRH, Dhaka
Authors: Bhattacharjee Avisak , Hossain AFM Anwar , Yeasmin Shahanara , Akter Tangera
Published: March 2018

Background: Molecular subtype determination of breast carcinoma is still an enigma in our perspective. We are far behind the genetic analysis but immunohistochemistry is commonly ensured now a days.Objective: To observe the incidence, epidemiological and clinico-pathological status of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer patients.Materials and method: At first 141 patients were enrolled by purposive sampling. Among them 138 patients were finalized according to the eligibility criteria. A pre-structured, peer reviewed, properly tested, interview and observation based data collection sheet was prepared. Data regarding epidemiological profile, clinical profile and histopathological profile were collected, compiled, edited and analyzed. Mean, frequency, chi-square test were adopted for analysis. Statistics were found significant at <0.05.Results: Mean age of patients was 43.20±9.69 years. Mean BMI was 25.26±13.47. Out of 138 patients, only 4.34% had positive family history, 64.49% and 35.5% had left and right sided breast cancer respectively, 65.2% had tumour size 2-5cm which was followed by 27.53% cases with >5cm sized tumour in maximum diameter. Among the five major molecular subtypes both luminal A and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) showed high prevalence (27.53%). Association of molecular subtypes with histopathological grading revealed TNBC was the most aggressive among all molecular subtypes. Axillary lymphadenopathy was present in almost all cases.Conclusion: Luminal A and TNBC were positive in most of the cases whereas TNBC showed higher association with advance histopathological grade. Clinical status was almost similar in all subtypes.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 9-17
Early Postoperative Arrhythmias after Paediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Hoque Kazi Zahidul , Sultana Akhand Tanzih , Mia Mamun , Chowdhury Masumul Gani , Hossein Makbul
Published: March 2018

Background: The radical change in techniques in paediatric cardiac surgery has dramatically reduced the morbidity and mortality. The different varieties of arrhythmia that are frequently observed in postoperative period in our country are still not well documented.Objectives: To determine the incidence and risk factors of arrhythmia immediately after cardiac surgery in paediatric age group.Materials and method: It was a prospective study. A total of 100 paediatric patients (age <18 years) who underwent cardiac surgery at Dhaka Shishu Hospital between 2013 and 2016 were selected purposivelyResults: Out of 100 patients maximum 41% were from 13-72 months age group. The mean age was 49.73±37.17 months with range of 0.5-231 months, 58% patients were male and rest were female. Postoperatively 31% subjects were arrhythmic and of these the highest number of patients suffered from junctional ectopic tachycardia. Out of these 100 patients, 39% were diagnosed as VSD followed by TOF (35%). Among 31 arrhythmic patients 59.83%, 41.93% and 3.22% manifested onset of arrhythmia at 1st, 1st to 2nd and 2nd to 7th postoperative period respectively. In this study age, body weight, cyanosis, CPB time, postoperative acidosis, ventilation support days, hypertension on arrival in ICU as well as ICU stay days were recognized as significant risk factors (p <0.05).Conclusion: Proper and careful monitoring of younger patient with lower body weight undergoing corrective cardiac surgery with long cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time may reduce the episodes of post operative arrhythmia. These patients may require high inotropic support post operatively. So, medical prevention and early diagnosis as well as proper management may improve the operative outcome.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 22-28
Pattern of Drug Abuse among Street Children of Dhaka: Inhalants are the Most Popular Drug
Authors: Masud Jakir Hossain Bhuiyan , Khan Md Moniruzzaman , Jesmin -
Published: March 2018

Background: Number of street children has been rising in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, in recent years and also the prevalence of substance abuse is increasing among these children.Objective: This research work focuses on understanding street children’s perception/attitudes towards substance abuse.Materials and method: For this study, an inquiry based, self-administrated questionnaire was generated and a survey was conducted by authorized, trained persons. A total of 80 participants were enrolled in this initial research work.Results: Studying respondents from two major areas of Dhaka, it came out that sniffing dendrite is the most popular adhesive/inhalant among children because of its easy availability. For these children, the initiation process of sniffing adhesives starts as a part of street culture introduced by peers (87.5%, n = 70), for getting accepted into social street gangs. Thus, these children started drug abuse as a mean of endurance along with a little pleasure/escapism, even for a while to survive within the harsh reality of street life. Data from this initial study were used to build a topological-model of present/oncoming consequences/threats of substance abuse with suggested routes of social/medical interventions. The most encouraging fact is that understanding the adverse consequences of drug abuse, most of these children wanted to quit drug abuse (70%, n = 56) and wished for a better life.Conclusion: It is believed that this model would help in implementing measures for systematic drug abuse cessation for long-term rehabilitation programmes for these children, ensuring every child’s right to have a secured, healthy life.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 29-34
Structured Training to the Patients of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Reduces Frequency of Hospital Readmission
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Azhar MA , Saha Anup Kumar , Nahar Kamrun
Published: March 2018

Background: Patient education after treatment of acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevents frequent hospital readmission and improve quality of life.Objectives: To observe the impact of providing structured training to patients of COPD on repeated hospital admission.Materials and method: This prospective comparative study was carried out in the inpatient department of Medicine and Pulmonology Unit, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2010 to June 2011. A total of 144 admitted patients with COPD with an attack of acute exacerbation were included in this study without having any significant or chronic comorbidity. Of the 144 patients, 72 were randomly allocated for receiving structured training (cases; Group-A) and the rest 72 patients did not receive the training (controls; Group-B).Results: The pertinent demographic characteristics, smoking status, and knowledge about different aspects of COPD, and medications used during acute exacerbation of COPD before intervention were almost similar between the groups. Over 30% of the patients who received structured training needed no hospital admission, 58.3% needed only one and 11.1% needed 2 or more admissions, while the other group required two or more admissions during the same period (p < 0.001). The duration of hospital stay was significantly less in case group. Number of > 2 consultations with physicians was significantly higher in the former group (26.4% vs. 6.9%) (p = 0.002), indicating an increased awareness on the part of that group.Conclusion: Structured training to COPD patients significantly reduced hospitalization and hospital stay for an acute exacerbation in this study.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 35-44
Hepatitis C Virus Genetic Variability and Quasispecies
Authors: Sultana Nahida , Ahsan Mohammad Razib , Miti Afsana Anwar , Shahera Umme , Asma Ridwana , Akther Tahmina , Raihan Ruksana , Mahtab Mamun Al , Akbar Sheikh Mohammad Fazle
Published: March 2018

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exists as a cloud of closely related sequence variants called a quasispecies, rather than as a population of identical clones. To date there is no preventive vaccine and though antiviral therapy has been improved in the past few years the HCV cannot be eradicated in all patients as a result of its quasispecies nature due to lack of proof reading activities and high error rate of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the pressure exerted by host immune system. This review focuses on the genetic diversity and quasispecies nature of HCV viral genomes, and briefly reviews the principles of quasispecies dynamics and the differences with classical population genetics and discusses the biological implications of this phenomenon, focusing on the hepatitis C virus.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 45-52
Intrauterine Single Fetal Demise in Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Haque Roksana , Rahman Md Mizanur , Akhter Khaleda
Published: March 2018

Intrauterine demise of one of the twin fetuses during second or third trimester of pregnancy is an uncommon complication. Fetal death of a twin during the first trimester is not an uncommon event and does not appear to impair the development of the second twin. However, fetal death during second or third trimester may increase the risk of IUGR, microcephaly, cerebral encephalomalacia, pre eclampsia, preterm labour, perinatal mortality. We present two cases with single fetal demise. Death of one of the two fetuses occurred at 23 weeks of gestation in the first case and at 33 weeks in the second case. Both patients were managed conservatively with close fetal monitoring and serial assessment of mother’s clotting profile. Cesarean section was done especially due to patients’ interest at 34 weeks and 35 weeks respectively. A fetus papyraceous was found in the first case. Both the cases were dichorionic diamniotic pregnancies with no maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy or the post partum period.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 53-57
Overexpression of Uric Acid Transporter SLC2A9 Inhibits Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Han Xiaoying , Yang Jing , Li Dong , Guo Zewei
Published: March 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Although the mechanisms of HCC progression are not well understood, recent studies demonstrated the potential contribution of uric acid transporter SLC2A9 to tumor suppression. However,
the roles and underlying mechanisms are still unknown. We aimed to study the roles and mechanisms of SLC2A9 in HCC. The present study showed that SLC2A9 expression was decreased in human HCC tissues and cell lines. In addition, overexpression of SLC2A9 inhibited HCC cell proliferation. SCL2A9
induced HCC cell apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of caspase 3. Our study also revealed that upregulation of SLC2A9 reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Furthermore, SLC2A9 increased the mRNA and protein expression of tumor suppressor p53 in HCC cells. Probenecid
inhibits SLC2A9-mediated uric acid transport, which promotes cell proliferation, inhibits cell apoptosis, induces intracellular ROS, and decreases the expression of p53 in HCC cells. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that SLC2A9 may be a novel tumor suppressor gene and a potential
therapeutic target in HCC.
Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNA CAT104 Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Osteosarcoma Cells by Regulating MicroRNA-381
Authors: Xia Bo , Wang Lei , Feng Li , Tian Baofang , Tan Yuanjie , Du Baoyin
Published: March 2018

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. This study aimed to explore the effects of long noncoding RNA CAT104 and microRNA-381 (miR-381) on osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, as well as the underlying
potential mechanism. We found that CAT104 was highly expressed in osteosarcoma MG63 and OS-732 cells. Knockdown of CAT104 significantly inhibited OS-732 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but promoted cell apoptosis. CAT104 regulated the expression of miR-381, and miR-381 participated
in the effects of CAT104 on OS-732 cells. Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) was a direct target gene of miR-381, which was involved in the regulatory roles of miR-381 in OS-732 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, as well as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Wnt/β-catenin
pathways. In conclusion, our research verified that suppression of CAT104 exerted significant inhibitory effects on osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating the expression of miR-381 and downstream ZEB1, as well as JNK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
Upregulation of lncRNA CASC2 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Metastasis of Breast Cancer via Inactivation of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhu Min , Sun Yuanbo , Li Wenyuan , Wang Ying , Yu Weiguang
Published: March 2018

Breast cancer is one of the major malignancies with a mounting mortality rate in the world. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) has been identified to regulate the initiation and progression of multiple tumorous diseases according to previous studies. However, its biological role has been rarely reported in breast cancer. In the present study, lncRNA CASC2 was found to be significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines using real-time quantitative PCR. Furthermore, gain-of-function assays demonstrated that overexpression of lncRNA CASC2 significantly repressed breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Moreover, CASC2 induced cell cycle arrest and much more early apoptosis of breast cancer. Additionally, based on the above research, we illustrated that inactivation of the TGF-β signaling pathway was involved in the function of lncRNA CASC2. Collectively, lncRNA CASC2 was a key factor in the tumorigenesis and malignancy of breast cancer, suggesting it may possibly be a potential therapy target for the treatment of breast cancer.
miR-132 Targets FOXA1 and Exerts Tumor-Suppressing Functions in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Mingzhe , Zhou Hongwei , Zhang Li
Published: March 2018

MicroRNA-132 (miR-132) has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor in several types of tumors. However, the expression and the role of miR-132 in human thyroid cancer are still poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential roles and molecular mechanism of miR-132 in thyroid cancer. We found that miR-132 expression levels were significantly downregulated in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines. Function assays showed that overexpression of miR-132 in TPC1 cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) was identified as a direct target of miR-132 in thyroid cancer cells. Knockdown of FOXA1 in TPC1 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which mimicked the suppressive effect induced by miR-132 overexpression. Restoration of FOXA1 expression partially reversed the suppressive effect induced by miR-132 overexpression. Taken together, these results suggested that miR-132 acts as a tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer through targeting FOXA1.
TIMP-3 Increases the Chemosensitivity of Laryngeal Carcinoma to Cisplatin via Facilitating Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis
Authors: Shen Xiaohui , Gao Xia , Li Hui , Gu Yajun , Wang Junguo
Published: March 2018

Laryngeal carcinoma is a type of head and neck carcinoma with a high incidence and mortality. Chemotherapy treatments of human laryngeal carcinoma may fail due to the development of chemoresistance. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3) has been shown to be implicated in
a number of pathological processes typical for cancer. The present study aims to investigate the involvement of TIMP-3 in the chemoresistance of laryngeal carcinoma. We showed that TIMP-3 expression was significantly decreased in chemoresistant laryngeal carcinoma tissues compared with chemosensitivity
tissues. Patients with low TIMP-3 expression exhibited poorer overall survival than those with high TIMP-3 expression. Moreover, cisplatin-resistant Hep-2 cells (Hep-2/R) were associated with the inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential (MtMP) depolarization after cisplatin challenge.
In addition, cisplatin resulted in a more pronounced mitochondrial cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm in Hep-2 cells than in their resistant variants. Overexpression of TIMP-3 by an adenovirus encoding TIMP-3 cDNA remarkably enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis, cytochrome c release,
and caspase activation in Hep-2/R cells, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to cisplatin. On the other hand, downregulation of TIMP-3 markedly inhibited cisplatin-induced apoptosis in Hep-2 cells through attenuating mitochondria-dependent pathway activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate
that decreased TIMP-3 expression may contribute to cisplatin resistance via inhibition of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, indicating that forced TIMP-3 expression may be a useful strategy to improve the efficacy of cisplatin to treat laryngeal carcinoma.
MicroRNA-377 Targets Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 2 to Inhibit Cell Proliferation and Invasion of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ye Cong , Hu Yubo , Wang Junrong
Published: March 2018

A large number of microRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in cervical cancer and play crucial roles in the onset and progression of cervical cancer by acting as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. Therefore, investigation of the expression, biological roles, and underlying
mechanisms of miRNAs in cervical cancer might provide valuable therapeutic targets in the treatment for patients with this disease. In this study, miRNA-377 (miR-377) was downregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Decreased miR-377 expression was strongly correlated with the
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis in patients with cervical cancer. Enhanced expression of miR-377 prohibited cell proliferation and invasion in cervical cancer. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that zinc finger
E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) was a potential target of miR-377. Subsequent experiments confirmed that ZEB2 is a direct target gene of miR-377 in cervical cancer. In addition, ZEB2 was overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues and was inversely related with miR-377 levels. Furthermore, the
suppressive effects of miR-377 on cervical cancer proliferation and invasion were rescued by restored ZEB2 expression. Overall, our findings indicated that miR-377 decreases proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells by directly targeting ZEB2 and provides novel evidence of miR-377
as a novel therapeutic strategy for the therapy of patients with this malignancy.
H19 Facilitates Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Migration and Invasion via Sponging miR-let-7
Authors: Kou Ni , Liu Sha , Li Xiaojie , Li Wuwei , Zhong Weijian , Gui Lin , Chai Songling , Ren Xiang , Na Risu , Zeng Tao , Liu Huiying
Published: March 2018

The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has been described to participate in the metastasis of various tumors. Nevertheless, whether H19 promotes or impedes tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell migration and invasion remains controversial. Here we found that the expression of H19 was elevated in TSCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, we demonstrated that the expression of H19 was higher in metastasized tumors compared with unmetastasized tumors. Consistently, TSCC cells express higher levels of H19 than human squamous cells. Subsequently, depletion of H19 impaired the migration and invasion abilities of TSCC cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that H19 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miRNA let-7a, leading to an increase in a let-7a target, the key regulator of tumor metastasis HMGA2, which is enriched in TSCC tissues and cell lines. Intriguingly, inhibition of let-7a significantly rescued the short hairpin H19 (shH19)-induced decrease in TSCC migration and invasion. These findings revealed that the H19/let-7a/HMGA2/EMT axis plays a critical role in the regulation of TSCC migration and invasion, which may provide a new therapeutic target for TSCC.
Toujours pas de chrysanthèmes pour les variables lourdes de la participation électorale
Authors: Braconnier Céline , Coulmont Baptiste , Dormagen Jean-Yves
Published: March 2018

En prenant appui sur l’Enquête participation électorale 2017 de l’Insee, donc sur des données d’une particulière solidité qui échappent au biais de sélection, d’auto-sélection et de déclaration, les auteurs montrent que la hausse de l’abstention enregistrée au cours de la séquence électorale 2017 – réelle mais contenue à la présidentielle, spectaculaire pour les législatives – n’est pas porteuse d’un processus d’égalisation des citoyens devant le vote. Au contraire, les inégalités socio-démographiques de participation n’ont fait que s’accroître au cours de la dernière décennie. Elles sont en premier lieu la conséquence des inégalités de scolarisation. La pertinence du modèle sociologique d’explication de la participation s’en trouve largement confirmée.
L’espace électoral des grandes villes françaises
Authors: Rivière Jean
Published: March 2018

Dans la tradition de la géographie électorale quantitative, cet article analyse les dynamiques électorales du scrutin présidentiel français de 2017, en travaillant à l’échelle des bureaux de vote des villes de plus de 100 000 habitants (soit environ 5 000 bureaux localisés dans une trentaine de villes). Il s’attache à comprendre les transformations de l’espace électoral en croisant les résultats du scrutin de 2017 avec ceux enregistrés en 2012, d’une part, et à établir l’intensité des relations statistiques entre comportements électoraux et structures sociales localisées, d’autre part. Il propose ensuite une typologie socio-électorale des bureaux de vote et insiste enfin sur la variabilité spatiale des relations établies entre votes et structures sociales.
L’impact du genre sur le vote Marine Le Pen
Authors: Amengay Abdelkarim , Durovic Anja , Mayer Nonna
Published: March 2018

Le « Radical Right Gender Gap » désigne la moindre propension des femmes à voter pour les droites radicales. C’était vrai du temps de Jean-Marie Le Pen, moins depuis que sa fille lui a succédé. À l’élection présidentielle de 2012, les électrices ont autant voté pour elle que les électeurs, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Puis l’écart est revenu aux élections intermédiaires qui ont suivi et il a de nouveau disparu à l’élection présidentielle de 2017. Cet article cherche à comprendre ces variations en croisant les effets du genre, de l’appartenance générationnelle et des traits de personnalité sur le vote Le Pen, à partir des French Election Studies (1988-2017).
Running to stand still
Authors: Tiberj Vincent
Published: March 2018

Longtemps, le clivage gauche/droite a façonné les identités politiques des Français. Pourtant, l’élection d’Emmanuel Macron, les très mauvais scores des partis de gouvernement de gauche et de droite pourraient marquer le déclin de ces manières de se positionner et de se penser en politique. Dans cet article, on s’interroge sur ce que signifie être de gauche, de droite ou d’ailleurs, entre les années 1980 et 2017. Pour ce faire, on teste la pertinence des grandes variables d’analyse sociologiques, mais aussi les dimensions de valeurs. On mesure ainsi combien la gauche et la droite se sont restructurées notamment autour des oppositions sur les valeurs culturelles et socio-économiques.
Les trois électorats de la primaire de la droite et du centre
Authors: Gouard David , Audemard Julien , Boyadjian Julien , Marchand-Lagier Christèle , Mathieu Romain , Olivier Laurent , Theviot Anaïs
Published: March 2018

Cet article interroge les ressorts sociaux et politiques de la mobilisation électorale lors de la primaire de la droite et du centre de novembre 2016 au travers d’une enquête par questionnaires « sortie des urnes » menée dans sept bureaux de vote métropolitains. Au-delà de la logique « censitaire » de ce scrutin, l’étude souligne les formes diversifiées de politisation des électeurs mobilisés, dont certaines sont acquises au contact des réseaux partisans tandis que d’autres, majoritaires, semblent plus étroitement liées à des effets de position sociale. La large victoire de F. Fillon lors de ce scrutin s’interprète ainsi comme une double capacité à répondre aux attentes des électeurs les plus acquis à la droite et à exploiter les réseaux partisans locaux.
Le déclenchement des primaires ouvertes chez les républicains et au parti socialiste
Authors: Lefebvre Rémi , Treille Éric
Published: March 2018

Dans un contexte de délégitimation des partis, l’adoption et le déclenchement des primaires de 2016-2017 ont été marqués par des facteurs structurels et des éléments conjoncturels, des logiques d’imitation et des luttes politiques. À LR, d’abord contestées, elles ont été fortement cadrées, accréditant la thèse de sa performance électorale. Au PS, elles ont été plus tardives, beaucoup moins maîtrisées et consenties dans l’urgence afin de relégitimer le président sortant, soulignant le caractère irréversible du précédent de 2011. Dans les deux cas, la défaite des candidats désignés à l’élection présidentielle rappelle le caractère incertain de la primarisation du système partisan français.
Les parrainages des candidats à l’élection présidentielle
Authors: Magni-Berton Raùl , Poyet Corentin
Published: March 2018

Pour la première fois de l’histoire de la V e République, les résultats détaillés des parrainages de l’élection de 2017 ont été intégralement publiés par le Conseil constitutionnel. Cet article exploite ces données pour comprendre le comportement électoral de ces « grands électeurs à la française ». L’article montre que les comportements des parrains sont influencés par la proximité de l’élu aux centres de pouvoir et l’appartenance partisane de l’élu. Il souligne le rôle fondamental des maires des communes rurales dans la multiplication des candidatures lors de l’élection présidentielle. Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des maires sont fortement associées à leur choix de parrainages.
La sociologie de la traduction comme grille de recherche-intervention : le cas d’un projet de prévention des risques psychosociaux dans un hôpital public
Authors: Durand Sandra , Baret Christophe , Krohmer Cathy
Published: March 2018

Cet article questionne la pertinence de la sociologie de la traduction (ST) comme guide à la conduite de projets de changement dans une démarche de recherche-intervention. Sur la base d’une revue de la littérature, nous soulignons les apports de la ST pour identifier les facteurs de succès et de frein des démarches innovantes. Son opérationnalisation présente toutefois des difficultés et soulève plusieurs questionnements. Afin d’y répondre, nous nous appuyons sur les enseignements d’une recherche-intervention conduite durant trois années au sein d’un centre Hospitalier public du Sud de la France, consistant à accompagner et étudier le déploiement d’un projet de prévention des risques psychosociaux au sein du service Pharmacie à Usage Intérieur. Nos apports à la fois théoriques et praxéologiques concernent la mise en évidence de facteurs favorisant l’opérationnalisation de la sociologie de la traduction avec la posture de chercheur-intervenant. Ils mettent en évidence les ressources (neutralité, temps, rigueur méthodologique du chercheur) sur lesquelles le chercheur-intervenant doit s’appuyer pour adopter le rôle de traducteur ainsi que divers dispositifs visant à favoriser la traduction (réunions préparatoires, rencontres entre les niveaux opérationnels et décisionnels, investigations et efforts de traduction déployés lors des réunions d’échanges, composition des groupes de travail et techniques d’animation déployées).
L’usage de l’intranet et la qualité de vie au travail. Une étude auprès des employés d’une station de ski dans les Alpes
Authors: Barthod-Prothade Mireille , Leroux Erick
Published: March 2018

Dans cet article nous nous intéressons à l’impact de l’usage de l’intranet sur la qualité de vie au travail. Après une clarification de la notion de qualité de vie au travail sous l’angle du bien-être et de l’autonomisation ( empowerment ), nous explicitons les différentes formes d’usage d’une nouvelle technologie dans le contexte social que représente le travail. Nous nous appuyons ensuite sur l’analyse textuelle de 70 entretiens semi-directifs et de 7 groupes de discussion ( focus group ) menés au sein d’une société de remontées mécaniques dans une station de ski des Alpes. Les résultats font ressortir un impact positif perçu de l’usage de l’intranet sur la qualité de vie au travail, plus spécifiquement en matière de développement de l’autonomie et du sens au travail. Nous concluons sur les apports et les limites de l’étude.
Vers la définition d’une gestion sociale de la chaîne logistique. Analyse lexicale de rapports d’audit fournisseurs de l’entreprise Patagonia
Authors: Nicolas Eline
Published: March 2018

Le management de la chaîne logistique porte de plus en plus sur la gestion des risques, qu’ils soient environnementaux, industriels, économiques, mais aussi, et de façon de plus en plus préoccupante, sociaux. Cela implique de nouvelles manières d’agir et de penser les relations avec les sous-traitants et les fournisseurs. Afin de saisir les processus managériaux associés, et après une revue de la littérature sur le management des risques dans la chaîne logistique, cet article s’est positionné dans le cadre théorique de l’organisation apprenante de Argyris et Schön (1978). Une analyse de contenu à l’aide du logiciel ALCESTE de rapports d’audits concernant les fournisseurs de l’entreprise Patagonia a ensuite été réalisée. Les résultats font ressortir l’existence d’un apprentissage en simple boucle centré sur la relation d’emploi et l’exercice du travail au travers de préoccupations telles que la sécurité, la rémunération et le respect du temps de travail. Ils ont permis également d’identifier une dynamique d’apprentissage potentiel en double boucle correspondant à la mise en œuvre d’un pilotage de ce qui a été défini comme une gestion sociale de la chaîne logistique.
A Dilemma for the Scientific Realist
Authors: Sankey Howard
Published: March 2018

This note poses a dilemma for scientific realism which stems from the apparent conflict between science and common sense. On the one hand, we may accept scientific realism and agree that there is a conflict between science and common sense. If we do this, we remove the evidential basis for science and have no reason to accept science in the first place. On the other hand, we may accept scientific realism and endorse common sense. If we do this, we must reject the conflict between science and common sense. The dilemma is to be resolved by distinguishing between basic common sense and widely held beliefs. Basic common sense survives the advance of science and may serve as the evidential basis for science.
Referential and Perspectival Realism
Authors: Teller Paul
Published: March 2018

Ronald Giere (2006) has argued that at its best science gives us knowledge only from different “perspectives,” but that this knowledge still counts as scientific realism. Others have noted that his “perspectival realism” is in tension with scientific realism as traditionally understood: How can different, even conflicting, perspectives give us what there is really? This essay outlines a program (some published, much forthcoming) that makes good on Giere’s idea with a fresh understanding of “realism” that eases this tension.
Four Challenges to Epistemic Scientific Realism—and the Socratic Alternative.
Authors: Lyons Timothy D
Published: March 2018

Four Challenges to Epistemic Scientific Realism—and the Socratic Alternative.
Being realistic: the challenge of theory change for a metaphysics of scientific realism
Authors: McKenzie Kerry
Published: March 2018

Chakravartty (2007) and others have pressed that the defender of scientific realism needs to supply a metaphysical story, most saliently a modal story, of how knowledge of the unobservable can be possible. Here I consider the challenge the problem of theory change poses to theories of modal metaphysics.
How Deployment Realism withstands Doppelt's Criticisms
Authors: Alai Mario
Published: March 2018

Gerald Doppelt claims that Deployment Realism cannot withstand the antirealist objections based on the “pessimistic meta-induction” and Laudan’s historical counterexamples. Moreover it is incomplete, as it purports to explain the predictive success of theories, but overlooks the necessity to explain also their explanatory success. Accordingly, he proposes a new version of realism, presented as the best explanation of both predictive and explanatory success, and committed only to the truth of best current theories, not of the discarded ones (Doppelt (2007, 2011, 2013, 2014).
Elsewhere I criticized his new brand of realism. Here instead I argue that (a) Doppelt has not shown that Deployment Realism cannot solve the problems raised by the history of science, (b) explaining explanatory success does not add much to explaining novel predictive success, and (c) Doppelt is right that truth is not a sufficient explanans, but for different reasons, and this does not refute Deployment Realism, but helps to detail it better. In a more explicit formulation, the realist IBE concludes not only to the truth of theories, but also to the reliability of scientists and scientific method, the order and simplicity of nature, and the approximate truth of background theories.
Machine Learning and the Future of Realism
Authors: Hooker Giles , Hooker Cliff
Published: March 2018

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BEWARE OF Mad DOG Realist
Authors: Musgrave Alan
Published: March 2018

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Why the Realism Debate Matters for Science Policy: The Case of the Human Brain Project
Authors: Shaw Jamie Craig Owen
Published: March 2018

There has been a great deal of skepticism towards the value of the realism/anti-realism debate. More specifically, many have argued that plausible formulations of realism and anti-realism do not differ substantially in any way (Fine 1986; Stein 1989; Blackburn 2002). In this paper, I argue against this trend by demonstrating how a hypothetical resolution of the debate, through deeper engagement with the historical record, has important implications for our criterion of theory pursuit and science policy. I do this by revisiting Arthur Fine’s ‘small handful’ argument for realism and show how the debate centers on whether continuity (either ontological or structural) should be an indicator for the future fruitfulness of a theory. I then demonstrate how these debates work in practice by considering the case of the Human Brain Project. I close by considering some potential practical considerations of formulating meta-inductions. By doing this, I contribute three insights to the current debate: 1) demonstrate how the realism/anti-realism debate is a substantive debate, 2) connect debates about realism/anti-realism to debates about theory choice and pursuit, and 3) show the practical significance of meta-inductions.
Quo Vadis Selective Scientific Realism?
Authors: Vickers Peter
Published: March 2018

My current opinion is that the selective realist is in a strong position vis-à-vis the historical challenges. Certainly the realist needs to invoke some careful criteria for realist commitment, and various nuances concerning the nature of her epistemic commitment, and this may raise the ‘death by a thousand qualifications’ question mark. But the concern is unfounded: the qualifications are all independently motivated, and indeed necessary given the philosophical complexity. Qualifications are to be welcomed here; often the truth is far from simple!
Editor's Introduction
Authors: Forbes Curtis
Published: March 2018

The debate over scientific realism, simply put, is a debate over what we can and should believe about reality once we've critically assessed all the available arguments and empirical evidence. Thinking earnestly about the merits of scientific realism as a philosophical thesis requires navigating contentious historiographical issues, being familiar with the technical details of various scientific theories, and addressing disparate philosophical problems spanning aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and beyond. This issue of Spontaneous Generations: A Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science aims to make participating in the scientific realism debate easier for both newcomers and veterans, collecting over twenty invited and peer-reviewed papers under the title "The Future of the Scientific Realism Debate: Contemporary Issues Concerning Scientific Realism."
Scientific Realism Again
Authors: Ladyman James
Published: March 2018

The present paper concerns how scientific realism is formulated and defended. It is argued that van Fraassen is fundamentally right that scientific realism requires metaphysics in general, and modality in particular. This is because of several relationships that raise problems for the ontology of scientific realism, namely those between: scientific realism and common sense realism; past and current theories; the sciences of different scales; and the ontologies of the special sciences and fundamental physics. These problems are related. It is argued that ontic structural realism, in the form of the real-patterns account of ontology, offers a unified solution to them all (or at least that it is required to do so, if it is to make good on the promise of naturalised metaphysics).
Innovativeness of Staff in Higher Education - Do Implicit Theories and Goal Orientations Matter?
Authors: Aldahdouh Tahani Z. , Nokelainen Petri , Korhonen Vesa
Published: March 2018

Innovativeness has been believed to be a significant psychological construct underlying individual differences in adopting novel ideas, experiences or approaches. Although few recent studies have contributed to identifying the factors that predict innovativeness, there is a lack of research showing the impacts of implicit theories and goal orientations on innovativeness. This study aimed to investigate this matter. A sample comprising 315 staff members working in three Finnish higher educational institutions completed self-reported questionnaires. The results showed that the mastery goal orientation fully mediated the effect of both the entity theory of ability and personality on innovativeness. However, both entity theories failed to predict the performance-avoidance goal orientation, while the performance-avoidance goal orientation showed to be a significant, negative predictor of innovativeness. This study presents a promising framework for examining innovativeness in the higher educational context where further research is suggested.
Optimization of Extraction Condition and Characterization of Malva Verticillata Root Bark Mucilage
Authors: Korir P. C. , Salim A. M. , Odalo J. O. , Waudo W. , Gitu L. M. , Yusuf Amir O
Published: March 2018

The study aimed at optimizing the extraction conditions and establishing the physicochemical properties of the mucilage obtained from root bark of Malva verticillata. Effects of temperature, time, particle size and amount of water as a solvent on the yield and composition of mucilage were established. Micrometric, physical, chemical and structural properties were used to characterise the extracted mucilage. Result showed significant correlation between extraction conditions and mucilage yield. Low temperature and short extraction time results into pharmaceutically valuable mucilage with low protein content, high viscosity and good dispersion in aqueous solvent. Large and small size particles of the plant material results into low mucilage yield without significant difference (p=0.054). The mucilage shows mixed cohesiveness with less tendencies to flow. It exhibits vibration bands in FTIR that are associated with the presence of polysaccharides and proteins. The mucilage contains 2.65% protein, 13.83% inorganics, 1.85% fats, and the rest carbohydrates. High extractive value ˃80% and moisture content ˃12% implies that mucilage has high tendency to microbial attack. Optimized extraction conditions results into high yield of the mucilage with the same physicochemical properties and mineral composition regardless of the plant material sampling sites.
Bank-Based Financial Development and Economic Growth: Time-Varying Causality Analysis for Egypt
Authors: Ahmed Amira Akl
Published: March 2018

The bootstrap approach to Toda-Yamamoto (1995) modified causality test is applied in a rolling window of fixed size onto Egyptian data during 1960-2016 to examine time-varying links between economic growth (EG) and bank-based financial development (BBFD). Full sample results indicated the existence of unidirectional causality running from BBFD to EG, however; instability tests revealed the presence of structural breaks. Given the misleading inferences made using the full sample, the rolling window procedure is applied. Bidirectional time-varying causality between EG and BBFD was detected. Reasons behind declining the fraction of credit provided to private business sector to GDP in recent years include, mainly, credit crunch and expansion of credit to the government and partially to economic slowdown. Adoption of fiscal reforms and promotion of innovative financial tools suitable for the needs of small and medium-sized enterprises is highly recommended to enhance the role of banking system in promoting economic growth.
Een schip op het strand is een baken in zee
Authors: Claeys Jasmien , Bisschop Lieselot
Published: March 2018

European ships on South East Asian beaches. Shipbreaking, environmental harm and state-corporate crime.

Shipbreaking is the dismantling of discarded vessels to reuse parts and recycle secondary raw materials. The majority of discarded vessels ends up on Southeast Asian beaches, dismantled without regard for the environment or human health. Our case study analyses the environmental crime of shipbreaking by using the theoretical framework of state-corporate crime as a frame of analysis. We focus on Germany and Greece as countries of origin and Bangladesh as a country of destination. Our findings show that shipbreaking is the result of a complex criminogenic interplay of economic and political actors on national as well as international level.
Dochters van de jihad
Authors: Van San Marion
Published: March 2018

Daughters of Jihad

Since it has become apparent that so many Western women have travelled to Syria and Iraq to join Islamic State, there is a relentless stream of publications dealing with the motivations of these women to join the terrorist organization. Most of these publications, based on ‘open sources’, are focusing on the motives spread by the women via social media. These social media reports, however, only provide a distorted view of the women’s motives. This article is based upon ethnographic research focusing on 28 Belgian and Dutch families, whose daughters have left for Syria to join the armed struggle.

Although the existing literature shows that the feelings of exclusion in Western societies by Muslim women is seen as an important motive for their departure to Syria, the conversations with the families rarely supported this. Moreover, religion and ideology have played a minor role in the departure of their daughters from the perspective of the families, compared to what literature suggests. According to the families the departure of their daughters was mainly driven by romantic motives and the problems they were dealing with in their daily lives.
De impact van criminaliteit op de lokale belastingontvangsten
Authors: Smits Nik , Goeminne Stijn
Published: March 2018

Tiebout and crime: how crime affects income tax capacity

This paper empirically investigates whether the Flemish local income tax base yield in 306 Flemish municipalities is sensitive to changes in the local crime level between 2000 and 2014. There are two underlying assumptions. First, in a Tiebout world, rational voters holding the local government accountable for the safety of its citizens move when the local level of security becomes too greatly alienated from what they want it to be (first assumption). If migration is due to crime, the wealthier citizens are expected to move first. Consequently, the average income per capita and thus the income distribution will be affected, which in turn will influence the local income tax base yield (second assumption). By confirming both assumptions, evidence is presented for a relation between changes in local crime rates and the income tax base yield of Flemish municipalities, occurring through household mobility.