bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Diagnostics Colistin MIC-Strip Test for Colistin Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Altınkanat Gelmez Gülşen , Sayın Elvan , Hasdemir Ufuk , Söyletir Güner
Published: May 2021

Due to the limited number of antimicrobials to be used in the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative microorganisms with multi-drug resistance recently, old antibiotics such as colistin have started to be preferred frequently. However, some problems are encountered in antibiotic susceptibility tests (disk diffusion, gradient test, automated systems) which are frequently used in the routine laboratory due to the cationic nature of colistin. For this reason, only the broth microdilution test is recommended by European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for the detection of colistin susceptibility. Since broth microdilution tests are time consuming and inconvenient, tests that can provide fast and reliable colistin susceptibility result is needed in routine laboratories. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the performance of the commercially produced Diagnostics MIC-COL test (Diagnostics I.n.c, Galanta, Slovakia) for the detection of colistin susceptibility in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii strains. The strains of K.pneumoniae (n = 22) and A.baumannii (n = 28) isolated from various clinical specimens between 2016 and 2019 in our routine laboratory were included in the study. Colistin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the strains were studied with both the reference broth microdilution method and the commercially produced Diagnostics Colistin MIC-COL test. The essential agreement, categorical agreement, major error, and very major error rates of the test were calculated by comparing the obtained results. The essential agreement of the Diagnostics Colistin MIC-Strip test was determined as 84 %, categorical agreement as 98 %, and major error rate as 3.8 %, while no very major error was detected. İt is very important to guide antimicrobial treatment with rapid and reliable detection of colistin susceptibility. The commercial test used in our study is easy to use and not time-consuming. Also, due to its strip from, each isolate can be studied separately. Because of the major error rate being above the expected values, it will be useful to re-evaluate these rates with further studies to be conducted with a larger number of strains with different resistance levels.
The Effect of Tobacco Addiction on Severity of COVID-19
Authors: Günay Sibel , Ünsal Ebru , Argüder Emine , Kılıç Hatice , Er Mükremin , Öelenk Ergüden Hülya , Hezer Habibe , Parlak Ebru Şengül , Hancıoğlu Zeynep , Akpınar Esmehan , Aykan Filiz Sadi , Unsay Metan Esra , Dalkıran Aynil , Kocaman Yasin , Karalezli Ayşegül
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking and the general characteristics, symptoms and clinical course of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were followed-up in the COVID ward in the first 2 months of the pandemic. METHODS: Patients over the age of 18 and diagnosed with COVID-19 were included retrospectively. The demographic data, symptoms, comorbidities of the patients, tobacco and tobacco-product use, disease severity, the patient's follow-up status in the ward or intensive care unit and the need for supportive treatment, and the relationship between tobacco-use and disease severity were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 224 patients, 40.6% of whom were female, with a mean age of 57 years were included in the study. 32.6% of the patients were active smokers, 27.6% were quit-smoking, 13.4% passive-smokers and 26.3% never-smoked. Of the patients (n = 62) who quit smoking, 17 (27.4%) patients were quit smoking during the pandemic. The highest smoking rate was found in patients between the ages of 18-49 (44.7%). Dyspnea (45.2%), loss of smelling (31.5%), inability to taste (21.9%), chills-and-shivering (16.9%) were statistically higher in patients with active-smoking. Comparing the need for supportive treatments during the follow-up of the patients, the use of oxygen therapy was found to be significantly higher in patients with active-smoking and quit-tobacco use, while other supportive treatments were similar. When the rates of smoking status and death of the patients were compared, a proportionally higher mortality rate was found in active-tobacco users, but there was no significant difference. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: While no significant difference on the effect of tobacco use on disease severity and mortality in our study, it is observed that the symptom of shortness of breath was higher in smokers in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the need for oxygen treatment may increase significantly due to tobacco use in their life span.
An Extremely Lung Neoplasm: Primary Pulmonary Meningioma
Authors: Yazgan Serkan , Ucvet Ahmet , Usluer Ozan , Gürsoy Soner , Hacar Alev Gülşah , Yücel Nur
Published: May 2021

Although meningioma is mainly a central nervous system tumor, primary pulmonary meningioma is a rare lung neoplasm located outside the central nervous system. There is no clear consensus on its origin. A 42-year-old female patient, without any pre-diagnosis or symptom, was admitted to our clinic due to an incidentally detected lesion on chest X-ray during routine controls. The lesion in the lower lobe of the left lung was successfully resected by surgical intervention. In this study; primary pulmonary meningioma was examined because of its rarity and presented with the literature data.
Comparison of Efficacy Between Next Generation Sequencing and Fragment Analysis in MEFV Gene Analysis
Authors: Kiraz Aslıhan
Published: May 2021

Objective: This study aims to compare the diagnostic effectiveness of fragment analysis and next-generation sequencing methods in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) disease. Data from the study will guide clinicians in the diagnosis of FMF patients Method: Two hundred and ninety patients with normal (N/N) or heterozygous (M1/N) fragment analysis results had been included in the study in the medical genetics laboratory of Kayseri City Hospital. In these patients, the entire MEFV gene was examined by the NGS analysis method. The mutation profiles of these patients were compared retrospectively. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 22.0 package program. Results: All mutations found in the fragment analysis were also detected by NGS method. Additional mutations were observed in 22 patients in the NGS analysis method. Mutations that were not previously reported in the HGMD, Clinvar and Infevers database were introduced into the literature. The application of NGS method to the patients was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01) Conclusion: Fragment analysis is a low-cost method that examines the frequent changes in the diagnosis of FMF patients but is insufficient to make a definitive diagnosis. NGS analysis method should be a preferable analysis method, in terms of diagnodtic usefulness.
Evaluation of Radiation Knowledge of Non-Medical Doctor Staffs in Orthopaedics and Traumatology Operation Theatre
Authors: Basa Can Doruk , Kaçmaz İsmail Eralp , Zhamilov Vadym , Gider Ayfer , Karahan Hüseyin Gökhan , Kaya Hüseyin , Reisoğlu Ali , Agus Haluk
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was the determine educational status, anxiety, the use of prevention methods and their knowledge level of nurses, operation theatre staffs and technicians about radiation. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The universe of our study consists of non-medical doctor staffs (nurses, technicians and operating theatre personnel) of one university and two training and research hospitals in İzmir. The sample selection was not made in our study and the personnels who accepted to participate in the study constituted the sample of the study (n=97). This was a survey of 21 questions. The survey includes participants’ demographical datas, protection type from radiation, anxiety about radiation, knowledge about radiation and education level about radiation. SPSS v21.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results: In our study, 97 participants completed the questionnaire. 51 of the participants were female (52.6%) and 46 were male (47.4%). Forty-one (42.3%) of the participants were 9 health technician (9.3%), 20 (20.6%) anesthesia technicians and 27 (27.8%) operating theatre staffs. It was found that 85 (87.6%) of the participants had operations requiring fluoroscopy in the operating room. It was learned that 29 (29.9%) participants answered the question examining the knowledge about radiation and 38 (39.2%) were educated about radiation safety. When the relationship between the participants’ answers to the question examining the knowledge about radiation and the educational level about radiation was examined, a statistically significant relationship was found between them (p=0.043). Conclusion: It was thought that non-medical doctor employees in the orthopedics and traumatology operating theatre had a high level of anxiety about radiation, had insufficient knowledge, and that training on radiation should be repeated periodically.
Anxiety Levels of Children During Electrophysiological Study
Authors: Demircan Tülay , Özyurt Gonca , Güven Barış , Eliaçık Kayı , Narin Nazmi , Karadeniz Cem
Published: May 2021

Objective: Electrophysiological study (EPS) has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of tachycardia. The objective of this study was to determine the anxiety levels in children before EPS procedure. Method: Patients (n=45) who were hospitalized for EPS between March and September of 2019 were included n this cross-sectional study, The patient group consisting of children aged 8-18 years old was compared with age- and sex- matched controls (n=46). We evaluated the severity of anxiety at the time of assessment using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) scale. The forms were filled out by both children and their parents. Results: The mean age of the patients in the study group consisting of 23 girls and 22 boys was 13.91±2.84 years. Diagnoses of cases treated due to arrhythmia were as follows: atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (44.4%), atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (31%), ventricular tachycardia (11.2%), sinus tachycardia (8.8%), and atrial flutter (4.4%). Anxiety levels were higher in children who were hospitalized for EPS procedure compared to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: As far as we know, our study is the first in Turkey to measure the level of anxiety in children undergoing cardiac EPS due to tachycardia. Electrophysiological study procedure increases anxiety in children. Further studies in which methods to reduce anxiety are needed are studied.
Evaluation of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) Results in Macrocalcified Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Koç Ali Murat , Adıbelli Zehra Hilal , Erkul Zehra , Şahin Yasemin
Published: May 2021

Objective: Thyroid nodule is the most common disease of the thyroid gland and is closely associated with thyroid cancer. The gold standard method in diagnosis is Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB). Although the relationship between nodules containing microcalcification and malignancy is well known, there is no consensus on the relation of nodules with macrocalcification to malignancy and the adequacy of FNAB. In this study, it was aimed to compare the results of FNAB of nodules with and without macrocalcification in US examination. Methods: In this retrospective study, 466 nodules undergoing FNAB of 450 patients who applied for biopsy were included in the study. The demographic characteristics of the patients, US features of the nodules and cytopathology results of FNAB in the Bethesda classification were recorded. Nodules were divided into two main groups as calcified and non-calcified. US features and cytopathology results of the groups were compared. Results: Transverse sizes of calcified nodules were found to be larger than non-calcified ones (p = 0.003). In addition, solid composition, hypoechoic and prominent hypoechoic echogenicity, and irregular border feature were found with a higher rate in the calcified group (p <0.001). No significant difference was found between insufficient sample/non-diagnostic cytology (Bethesda-1) ratios in both groups (19.2% and 14.7%). Cytopathologically, number of malignant and suspected malignant nodules (Bethesda 5 and 6) were found to be higher in the calcified group (p=0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, detection of macrocalcification in thyroid nodules in US examination does not cause a significant increase in insufficient FNAB results. However, the presence of macrocalcification increases the risk of malignancy of the thyroid nodule.
Monosymptomatic Enuresis in Children: Is It Related to Urine pH and Density?
Authors: Aydoğdu İbrahim , Karaca Erkin , Uzun Ersan , Aydoğdu Yaren Ece , Miçooğulları Uygar , Metin Hüseyin , İlbey Yusuf Özlem , Keskin Mehmet Zeynel
Published: May 2021

Objective: To contribute to the explanation of the etiology of enuresis, which is quite prevalent, by investigating its relationship with urine pH and density. Methods: A total of 45558 children were included in the study. Based on screening results, 44201 children without enuresis were assigned to Group 1 and 1357 children with enuresis to Group 2. Complete urinalysis results of all children who had been identified were scanned and values of urine pH and density were obtained. Intergroup differences with regard to urine pH and density were analyzed using Student’s t-test. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The group with enuresis was determined to be statistically significantly younger, and has lower urine pH, and density. Conclusion: The results of our study are consistent with current data. Our study, which will be among one of the largest-scale enuresis studies in the literature, provides guidance to physicians by reminding them the importance of urinary tract infections in the etiology of enuresis.
A Novel Laboratory Marker for Hepatosteatosis: Mean Platelet Volume to Lymphocyte Count Ratio
Authors: Bilgin Satılmış , Kurtkulağı Özge
Published: May 2021

Objective: Hepatosteatoz (HS), karaciğerde en az %5 kuru ağırlığa denk gelecek şekilde yağ birikmesidir. Sadece Ortalama trombosit hacmi (MPV) değil, aynı zamanda ortalama trombosit hacmi/lenfosit oranı (MPVLR) metabolik ve enflamatuvar durumların bir belirteci olarak bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda hepatosteatozlu hastaların MPVLR değerini, sağlıklı kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Ayrıca CRP ile MPVLR arasındaki korelasyonu araştırdık. Yöntem: Kurumumuz iç hastalıkları polikliniklerine 2018 Aralık-2019 Aralık tarihleri arasında başvuran HS’lu hastalar çalışmaya alındı. MPVLR, MPV/Lenfosit formülü ile hesaplandı. Bulgular: HS ve kontrol gruplarının medyan MPVLR değeri sırasıyla %4.3 (2.1) ve %3.6 (1.7) idi (p<0.001). HS ve kontrol gruplarının medyan CRP değeri sırasıyla 3.6 (4.9) mg/L ve 0.4 (0.2) mg/L idi (p<0.001). MPVLR, CRP ile pozitif ve güçlü bir korelasyona sahipti (r=0.64, p<0.001). Buna karşın, MPVLR ile LDL kolesterol, ALT ve trigliserit arasında korelasyon yoktu. Sonuç: Komorbiditesi bulunmayan HS’lu hastalarda artmış MPVLR değeri, hekimler için HS açısından uyarıcı olmalıdır. CRP ile MPVLR arasındaki güçlü pozitif korelasyon, MPVLR’nin de güvenilir bir inflamatuvar belirteç olduğunu düşündürmektedir.
Is There Any Other Disease Under The New Diagnosis of Diabetes That Is Difficult To Control?
Authors: Kaypak Muhammed Ali , Patıe Damla Çağla , Özalp Faruk Recep , Akar Harun
Published: May 2021

High levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 contribute to tissue proliferation and hypertrophy in patients with acromegaly mostly due to growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. Some phenotypic features of acromegaly that make us to consider in the differential diagnosis are excessive growth of the hands and feet and coarsening facial features. Growth hormone also induces lipolytic activities and insulin resistance, so patients with acromegaly often present with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We wanted to share a case with treatment-resistant hyperglycemia which is the cause of presentation of acromegaly.
Debt to Equity Ratio, Return on Asset dan Earning per Share pada PT Adhi Karya Persero Tbk
Authors: Hassanudin Abdul Fatah , Rosmayati Irma , Pratama Azis Wira
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Debt to Equity Ratio danÂ  Return On Asset terhadap Earning Per Share pada PT. Adhi Karya Persero Tbk. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel debt to equity ratio, return on asset dan earning per share. Peneliti menggunakan data sekunder, yaitu Laporan Keuangan Tahunan PT. Adhi Karya Persero Tbk periode 2014-2018. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah berbentuk asosiatif yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, pengumpulan data yaitu penelitian perpustakaan dan studi dokumentasi.Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, penelitian ini menggunakan software SPSS 23. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa debt to equity ratio dan return on asset secara bersama- sama berengaruh signifikan terhadap earning per share. Debt to equity ratio berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap earning per share. Return on asset berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap earning per share.
Teknologi Membran: Material, Pembuatan, Modifikasi dan Karakterisasi
Authors:   Kimia, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Arahman Nasrul
Published: May 2021

Di era modern ini aplikasi teknologi membran berkembang cukup pesat, dan telah digunakan dalam berbagai industri khususnya industri pemisahan. Hal ini tentu dikarenakan teknologi pemisahan dengan membran memiliki keunggulan-keunggulan yang tidak terdapat pada teknologi pemisahan lain pada umumnya, seperti hemat energi, tingginya efisiensi produk, dan aman dari zat –zat kimia.
Anatomi Tumbuhan
Authors:   Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Muhibbuddin Muhibbuddin ,   Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Wardiah Wardiah ,   Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: May 2021

Penyusunan bahan ajar ini dilakukan melalui kegiatan Lesson Study anggota tim pengampu mata kuliah Anatomi Tumbuhan. Agar aspek yang dibahas lebih komprehensif, maka bahan ini dibuat dalam bentuk saduran dari buku-buku terkait yang isinya diusahakan agar sesuai dengan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.
Perpindahan Kalor dan Massa
Authors:   Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Sulaiman Ismail , El Husna Nida ,   Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Rasdiansyah Rasdiansyah ,   Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Bakhtiar Bakhtiar ,   Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: May 2021

Buku ini ditulis khususnya untuk mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah Perpindahan Kalor dan Massa pada Semester 3 di Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, dan bagi setiap orang yang memerlukan pengetahuan tentang topik yang berhubungan dengan kalor dan massa bahan dalam suatu proses pengolahan. Buku ini disusun dengan tujuan menjadi bahan rujukan utama bagi mahasiswa program studi Teknologi Hasil Pertanian yang disusun dari beberapa pustaka yang relevan dengan mata kuliah ini. Susunan penulisan buku ini berdasarkan acuan RPKPS dari mata kuliah Kimia Organik (THP 112) dengan bobot 2 (2-0) sks. Pada Bab I dituliskan pengantar proses pengolahan dalam hubungannya dengan perubahan massa dan kalor agar mahasiswa dapat mengetahui konsep dasar proses pengolahan. Selanjutnya Bab 2 menjelaskan secara khusus tentang konsep konservasi massa pada bahan yang masuk dan keluar proses pengolahan. Sebelum menjelaskan tentang fenomena perpindahan massa maka pada Bab 3 dijelaskan terlebih dahulu konsep dari aliran fluida (konsep viskositas, reologi, jenis aliran fluida) selama proses pengolahan. Pada Bab 4 dijelaskan secara rinci macam-macam pola perpindahan massa bahan selama proses. Pada Bab selanjutnya, pembahasan buku ini dikhususkan pada penjelasan dengan topik energi khususnya kalor (panas). Pada Bab 5 dijelaskan terlebih dahulu mengenai dasar-dasar termodinamika yaitu mengenai gas ideal, pengelompokan energi, dan hukum termodinamika. Pada dua bab selanjutnya dijelaskan tentang neraca kalor (Bab 6) dan diakhiri dengan penjelasan tentang macam-macam pola perpindahan kalor.
Integrated Reporting Disclosures and Firm Value of Listed Insurance Companies in Nigeria
Authors: E. Appah , J.U. Onowu
Published: May 2021

This study empirically investigated integrated reporting and corporate financial performance of listed insurance companies in Nigeria for the period 2010 to 2019. The study employed ex post facto and correlational research design. The sample size of the study consisted of insurance firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The data for the study was obtained from the published annual financial statements of the sampled insurance companies and descriptive statistics, diagnostic test, unit root test, was used for data analysis while multiple regression analysis for the test of hypotheses. The result from the regression analysis revealed that integrated reporting positively and significantly affects the corporate financial performance of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. Also the control variables of debt, liquidity, corporate size and risk suggested both negative and positive significant influence on corporate financial performance of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. The paper concluded that integrated reporting affects the corporate financial performance of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. Therefore, the paper recommends amongst others that the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) should make the adoption of integrated reporting compulsory across companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in a bid to improve the relationship between integrated reporting and financial performance of firms.
Procedural Justice and Employees’ Commitment in Selected Hospitals in Rivers State
Authors: S.A. Emmanuel , M. Wosu
Published: May 2021

Justice perception can influence employees' attitudes and behaviors for good or bad, and in turn, have a positive or negative impact on the employees' performance and the organization's success. The purpose of this study was to identify the roles of procedural justice toward employee commitment. It also examined the relationship between procedural justice and employee commitment. A convenience sampling was used on the sample size of 200 studied. The results of correlation analysis show that there is a significant positive relationship between procedural justice and employee commitment. The study concludes that employees who perceive unfairness in the workplace may exhibit varying degrees of malicious behaviors. This study provides guidelines for organization management and better ways to reduce employee turnover.
Iraq Crude Oil Exports – February, March, April 2017
Authors: Oil Marketing Company Ministry of Oil
Published: May 2021

Table 1. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – February 2017 Table 2. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – March 2017Table 3. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – April 2017
KAJIAN PERATURAN DAERAH JAWA TENGAH NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2019 SEBAGAI SARANA INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA
Authors: Yohanes Triyana , Widiyastuti Y. Sari Murti , Wijaya N. Budi Arianto , Antoro B. Hengky Widhi
Published: May 2021

Pendidikan memiliki peran penting dalam penyebaran nilai-nilai suatu bangsa. Di seluruh daerahdi Indonesia, penyelenggaraan pendidikan harus menjadi sarana internalisasi nilai-nilai Pancasiladan sekaligus menjadi penangkal terhadap masuknya nilai-nilai asing yang tidak sesuai dengannilai-nilai Pancasila. Makalah hasil penelitian ini menganalisis keefektifan Perda Jawa TengahNomor 1 Tahun 2019 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan di Jawa Tengah sebagai saranainternalisasi nilai-nilai Pancasila. Permasalahan diteliti dengan menggunakan metode penelitianhukum normatif. Data diperoleh melalui studi pustaka dan dianalisis secara kualitatif.Kesimpulan ditarik dengan menggunakan metode deduktif. Berdasarkan analisis data, dapatdisimpulkan bahwa secara umum Perda Jawa Tengah Nomor 1 Tahun 2019 tidak bertentangandengan nilai-nilai Pancasila, tetapi Perda tersebut memerlukan revisi pada konsideran danbeberapa pasalnya, agar bisa menjadi sarana yang lebih efektif dari upaya internalisasi nilai-nilaiPancasila kepada para peserta didik.
Leadership and Economic Development of Ghana
Authors: Mensah David Kwasi
Published: May 2021

The relationship on leadership quality and its impact on skewed economic development in Ghana have been investigated. This investigation has been carried out in Ghana and its neighbouring countries that attained independence around the same time, under similar pattern of political governance. A comparative analysis is used to differentiate between these countries economic policies and their leadership styles used. It reveals that Ghana remains static and underdeveloped for many years despite changes in leadership and political governance. Evidently, while at the time of their independence, Ghana’s per capital income in 1960 was higher than Nigeria, India and Egypt. Ghana’s development has been sluggish whilst the rest of the countries have accelerated at a faster rate with fantastic economic policies combined with good leadership skills.
Human Papillomavirus infection in oral and anogenital sites: prevalence and rates of concordance
Authors: Cordeiro Thaissa Isaias , Silva Katia Cristina da , Rocha Willker Menezes da , Lisboa Daniele Ceperuelo , Passos Mauro Romero Leal , Gouvea Tegnus Depes de , Kury Charbell Miguel , Cavalcanti Silvia Maria Baeta
Published: May 2021

Introduction: HPV infection causes cancer at several anatomical sites. However, the infection’s natural history in non-cervical sites is understudied. Objective: To evaluate oral and anogenital HPV infections, correlating HPV prevalence rates and genotypes with site of infection and risk factors. Methods: In the present study, 351 samples from oral, genital, and anal sites of 117 patients were investigated by using PCR MY09/11 detection, followed by genotyping with RFLP. Results: HPV DNA prevalence was 89.7% (105/117) in genital lesions, 53.8% (63/117) in oral samples, and 58.9% (69/117) in anal samples. Regarding the risk factors associated with HPV in genital lesions, statistically significant rates for oral (p=0.039) and anal sex practices (p=0.0000012) were found. For oral samples, a relevant correlation concerning oral contraceptive use (p=0.039), tobacco smoking (p=0.036), and alcohol use (p=0.0075) were observed; whereas in anal samples, higher risk for HPV infection in patients who reported non-exclusive sexual partners (p=0.013) were found. The presence of viral DNA in all the three sites concurrently was observed in 36.8% of the cases (43/117). Among them, 18% (21/117) presented concordant HPV genotypes, diverging from the literature, and thus corroborating that there is still much to learn about HPV natural history, since different biological behaviors are expected within different populations. Differences in anatomy and physiology of the studied sites can determine different prevalence rates of infection by diverse genotypes. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of HPV DNA in extragenital sites, further studies are required to define aspects of HPV natural history among different human anatomical sites.
Do Patients Maintain Proper Long-Term Cardiopulmonary Fitness Levels After Cardiac Rehabilitation? A Retrospective Study Using Medical Records
Authors: Kim Chul , Choi Hee Eun , Jang Jin Hyuk , Song Jun Hyeong , Kim Byung-Ok
Published: May 2021

Objective To examine whether patients who participated in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program after hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome maintained cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the community.Methods We conducted a retrospective study including 78 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery at our hospital’s cardiovascular center and participated in a CR program and a 5-year follow-up evaluation. Patients were divided into a center-based CR (CBCR) group, participating in an electrocardiography-monitored exercise training in a hospital setting, and a home-based CR (HBCR) group, receiving aerobic exercise training and performed self-exercise at home.Results No significant differences were found between groups (p>0.05), except the proportion of non-smokers (CBCR 59.5% vs. HBCR 31.7%; p=0.01). In both groups, the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased significantly during the first 12 weeks of follow-up and remained at a steady state for the first year, but it decreased after the 1-year follow-up. Particularly, VO2max at 5 years decreased below the baseline value in the HBCR group. In the low CRF group, the CRF level significantly improved at 12 weeks, peaked at 1 year, and was still significantly different from the baseline value after 5 years. The high CRF group did not show any significant increase over time relative to the baseline value, but most patients in the high CRF group maintained relatively appropriate CRF levels after 5 years.Conclusion Continuous support should be provided to patients to maintain optimal CRF levels after completing a CR program.
Cambios económicos, movilidad residencial y gentrificación en la ciudad de Valencia (2014-2017)
Authors: Salom Carrasco Júlia , Pitarch Garrido María Dolores
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los cambios recientes en la estructura sociodemográfica de la ciudad de Valencia derivados de las transformaciones económicas experimentadas por la ciudad en el periodo posterior a la crisis, y, en particular, del proceso de turistificación que han vivido determinadas áreas urbanas. Para ello, se analiza el patrón territorial de los cambios residenciales en el interior de la ciudad central durante el periodo 2014-2017 y se pone en relación con la distribución espacial de la actividad turística y la localización de los proyectos urbanísticos recientes como forma de aproximación a este fenómeno en el conjunto de la ciudad. Se propone una metodología novedosa para el tratamiento de los microdatos demográficos de movilidad residencial y se concluye con una tipología de áreas dentro de la ciudad que ayuda a comprender las distintas dinámicas territoriales que han dado lugar a procesos de gentrificación de diferente estructura e intensidad.
Considerations on the Function and Provenance of the Glass in the Plato von Ustinow Collection
Authors: Ingemark Dominic
Published: May 2021

The Russian émigré Plato von Ustinow – who settled in Palestine in 1862 and lived there until 1913 – was a keen collector of antiquities. In contrast to other collectors, however, von Ustinow did not purchase the objects from art-dealers. Instead, he appears to have worked with professional archaeologists, but also bought objects from local inhabitants in Jaffa and Jerusalem. His collection includes a substantial number of glass vessels: primarily blown vessels dating to the first- to sixth- or seventh century CE, i.e. the Roman and Early Byzantine era. The von Ustinow collection is comparatively homogeneous, and most of the objects are likely to stem from a relatively limited geographical area, as it closely resembles material from funerary contexts found in modern-day Israel. The collection includes a number of perfume bottles, small jars and kohl-flasks, objects most probably utilised in the preparation of the deceased before burial.
Molecular Prognostic and Predictive Markers in Triple - Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Koleckova Marketa , Vomackova Katherine , Kolar Zdenek
Published: May 2021

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined as a molecular subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of hormone receptors (oestrogen and progesterone receptor) and HER2/neu/ErbB2 protein. It accounts for 15–20% of all invasive breast cancers. The occurrence of TNBC is often associated with younger age at the time of diagnosis and pre-menopausal status, early onset of menarche, higher body mass index (BMI) in the pre-menopausal period, race and ethnicity (African, Hispanic) and the presence of germline mutation in the BRCA1/2 genes or somatic mutation in the TP53 or PTEN genes. TNBCs are specific in its aggressive biological behaviour, shorter interval to disease progression and more frequent relapse within five years (19 to 40 months). The most of TNBCs are represented by high-grade invasive carcinomas of no special type (NST) with high proliferation index measured by Ki-67 nuclear expression, followed by metaplastic carcinomas, secretory carcinomas, and adenoid cystic carcinomas. Genetical and morphological heterogeneity inside TNBC is responsible for the higher frequency of primary and secondary resistance to systemic therapy. The scope of this chapter is to summarise the potential therapeutic agents involved in regulation of cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, gene expression and DNA damage or immune response. The insight into this issue is essential for the setting of the optimal chemotherapy regimen and targeted therapeutic strategy.
Milk Quality, Somatic Cell Count, and Economics of Dairy Goats Farm in the Czech Republic
Authors: Rychtarova Jana , Krupova Zuzana , Brzakova Michaela , Borkova Marketa , Elich Ondrej , Dragounova Hedvika , Seydlova Ruzena , Sztankoova Zuzana
Published: May 2021

Mammary gland anatomy in small ruminants is very similar to that of cows; however, milk synthesis throughout lactation exhibits many functional particularities in small ruminants compared with that of cows. Goat’s milk is beneficial for human nutrition owing to the fatty acid composition, fat globule size, and conjugated linoleic acid content. As a raw material for dairy products, goat’s milk must be safe for human consumption. The number of mesophilic microorganisms, somatic cells, and selected mastitis pathogens should be limited. A prerequisite for the production of milk of high hygienic quality is the health of the mammary gland. Goat’s milk processing into cheese and other products is in the Czech Republic mostly performed on farms, partly for direct sales to consumers and partly for supplying selected stores. Revenues from dairy commodities represent the most important source of income for dairy goat farms. Mammary gland health has an important effect on the economics of dairy goat farms. Profitability can fall by up to 1/3 owing to indirect effects of udder health problems.
Exploring the Metaphors of Loyalty, Courage and Friendship in Harry Potter Novels and their Turkish Translations
Authors: Hadidi Yaser , Zare Fatemeh
Published: May 2021

In studies on Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the Metaphor Master List scholars have come up with over the years, the metaphors (target domains) of loyalty, courage, and friendship figure among very important ones. In this study, we undertake to explore these three metaphors in the Harry Potter series, as these three conceptual domains also happen to constitute three underlying themes in these novels. Cross-linguistic work in this regard is in its infancy and would benefit from ongoing research, because our knowledge of metaphors is only useful insofar as we can determine if a domain is universally and cross-linguistically also used to conceptualize a given target concept similarly in another language, or if it is found to be subject to some variation between the two languages being compared. We look at how these three generic-level concepts are conceptualized in English and their translations into Turkish, and if the cross-domain mappings are similar/different in the two languages, offering further insights into how far cognitive reality and its metaphorical realization differ between English and Turkish from a Cognitive Linguistics vantage point.
Comparison of Inhaled Colistin with Inhaled Amikacin-Fosfomycin in the Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Caused by Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Hakamifard Atousa , Rahmani Naser , Homayouni Alireza , Khorvash Farzin , Abbasi Saeed , Ataei Behrooz
Published: May 2021

Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of inhaled colistin and inhaled amikacin-fosfomycin combination in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter. This clinical trial is the first study to evaluate the effect of inhaled fosfomycin on VAP in Iran. Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 patients with Acinetobacter VAP were divided into two groups of 30 patients. The empirical regimen changed to meropenem plus intravenous colistin in both groups. Inhaled colistin in the first group and inhaled amikacin-fosfomycin in the second group were added to the intravenous therapy. Next, the mortality rate, if any, duration of treatment success, and patient withdrawal from VAP were evaluated in the two groups. Results: Although the mean clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) before treatment was not significantly different between the two groups, the mean score of the amikacin-fosfomycin group was significantly lower at 72 hours and seven days after the onset of treatment and at the end of treatment. Based on the intra-group assessments, the CPIS in both groups was significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Also, in the inter-group assessments, the mean CPIS changes were significantly different between the two groups, and in the amikacin-fosfomycin group, a greater reduction in the CPIS was observed (P = 0.007). Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed that the use of amikacin-fosfomycin nebulization could lead to increased recovery and reduced treatment duration in patients with VAP, caused by drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
The Unique Difference Between Serum Level of Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) in Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome Children Treated with an Alkylating Agent and Calcineurin Inhibitors
Authors: Widiasta Ahmedz , Wahyudi Kurnia , Nugrahapraja Husna , Sribudiani Yunia , Rachmadi Dedi
Published: May 2021

Background: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a leading contributor to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) or monoclonal antibodies are currently the best identified therapy. Meanwhile, some developing countries still use alkylating agents (AA) such as cyclophosphamide (CPA) to treat SRNS due to economic reasons. Objectives: This study aims to determine the employability of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as a biomarker for monitoring therapy in SRNS children and compare the clinical improvement with those treated with an AA and CNIs. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Indonesia. The data was collected from July 2019 to July 2020 from 70 children with FSGS. Clinical signs were evaluated monthly, and serum suPAR level was measured at the third and sixth months following therapy. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was carried out to compare the differences in suPAR level at baseline with the third and sixth months in SRNS patients who received AA and CNIs. Results: The mean age was nearly similar between the two groups based on the t-test (P = 0.140). Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome was more frequent in boys than in girls (P = 0.020), according to the Chi-square test. Baseline serum suPAR level was not significantly different between the two groups. In the third month, the daily urinary protein level was higher in SRNS patients that received the AA compared to the CNIs group (P < 0.001). There was a significant interaction between time and treatment (F(2,138) = 7.203, P = 0.001), with higher suPAR level in SRNS patients that received the AA compared to those administered with CNIs at the 3rd and 6th months, but this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: As a noninvasive tool, suPAR is a promising modality in monitoring SRNS therapy, and CNIs have a tendency to achieve faster remission than the AA.
Comparison of the Quality of Life and Emotional Responses in Kidney Transplant Recipients from Living and Deceased Donors in Nephrology Clinics
Authors: Esmaeili Roghayeh , Farahani Barziabadi Ziba , Khabaz Khoob Mahdi
Published: May 2021

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is one of the essential measures in assessing a patient's status after kidney transplant, and emotional response is an important factor in evaluating the patient’s compatibility with the transplant. Also, emotional response affects a patient’s QoL. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the QoL and emotional responses of kidney recipients from deceased and living donors. Methods: This descriptive comparative study randomly selected 118 kidney transplant patients (67 recipients from living donors and 51 recipients from deceased) referred to the Nephrology Clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for a post-surgery follow-up. The QoL questionnaire for patients with renal transplants introduced by Laupacis et al. and the emotional response questionnaire (ERQ) by Ziegelmann et al. were used in this study. For data analysis, Mann-Whitney, independent t-test, and Pearson’s correlation tests were used. All the analyses were performed using SPSS software version 20. Results: The kidney recipients from living donors had significantly higher QoL score (especially emotionally) compared with kidney recipients from deceased donors (P=0.04). The score of emotional response was higher in recipients from a living donor, which is related to feeling guilty, transplant disclosure. Furthermore, recipients from a living donor felt guiltier and were unwilling to disclose their transplant compared with recipients from deceased donors. Conclusions: Feeling of guilt and being anxious about transplant disclosure were higher in recipients from living donors. A significant difference was observed in the QoL and emotional response between the two groups of kidney recipients. Therefore, it is important to involve the transplant team, specifically nurses, in the identification of emotional response and planning accordingly to improve the patients’ QoL, especially in recipients from a living donor.
Factores psicosociales que influyen en la intención de los tomadores de decisión agropecuarios de la Pampa austral de Argentina de conservar las franjas de vegetación ribereñas
Authors: Giaccio Gustavo , Mastrangelo Matías , Aparicio Virginia , Costa José Luis , Laterra Pedro
Published: May 2021

En áreas de intensificación agropecuaria, los tomadores de decisión son los responsables del uso de las tierras y de la conservación de las franjas de vegetación ribereñas. Estas, proporcionan numerosos servicios ecosistémicos a los seres humanos. A pesar de su importancia, cuando la calidad de los suelos lo permite, son convertidas en áreas de cultivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprender la influencia relativa de distintos factores psicosociales, sobre las intenciones de conservar los ambientes ribereños. Se eligieron 50 explotaciones en la Pampa Austral de Argentina, se entrevistaron a los tomadores de decisión a los que se pidió completaran una encuesta de tipo estructurada. Las respuestas fueron codificadas, analizadas estadísticamente y se obtuvieron 3 modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. El modelo basado en los factores normativos mostró el mayor peso, el segundo mejor modelo, fue el cimentado en factores cognitivos, en tanto que, el fundado en factores emocionales fue el de menor representatividad. Se concluye que si bien los factores normativos fueron los que mejor explicaron las intenciones de conservación, representan cuellos de botella en los que no se puede influir y solo se puede intervenir a través de los factores cognitivos, promoviendo el conocimiento.

In areas of agricultural intensification, decision makers are responsible for the land use and the conservation of riparian vegetation strips. These provide many ecosystem services to humans. Despite their importance, they are converted into crop areas when the quality of the soils allows it. The objective of this work was to understand the relative influence of different psycho-social factors on the intentions to conserve the riparian environments. Fifty decision makers of farms of the Southern Pampa of Argentina were interviewed in order to complete a structured survey. The responses were coded and statistically analyzed to determine three models ofstructural equationswere obtained. A model based on normative factors showed the greatest weight. A second model, based on cognitive factors, was most adjusted than one based on emotional factors. It is concluded that although normative factors were the ones that best explained the intentions about the conservation. These factors represent bottlenecks that cannot be influenced and can only be intervened by cognitive factors based on the promotion of the knowledge.
Evaluación de eventos secos y húmedos en el contexto del cambio climático: El caso del sur de la Región Pampeana (Argentina)
Authors: Ferrelli Federico , Soledad Brendel Andrea , María Cintia Piccolo , M. Eduardo Perillo Gerardo
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la duración, intensidad, periodicidad y frecuencia de los eventos secos y húmedos durante i) pasado reciente (1977-1997), ii) presente (1998-2018), iii) futuro cercano (2019-2039) y iv) futuro lejano (2079-2099) en el sur de la Región Pampeana (Argentina). Se aplicó el Índice Estandarizado de Precipitación a escala anual, estacional, semestral y mensual, utilizando datos de doce estaciones meteorológicas. Los resultados fueron interpolados con el método Kriging en un Sistema de Información Geográfica y de esta manera se obtuvo la distribución espacial de los eventos analizados. El área de estudio evidenció una prolongación de los períodos secos, alcanzando 12 meses de duración en el futuro lejano. Los períodos húmedos presentaron un comportamiento similar entre las épocas estudiadas. Teniendo en cuenta su distribución espacial, el sur del área de estudio fue la que registró cambios significativos, dado que presentará mayor frecuencia de eventos secos y húmedos en el futuro. Esta situación podría afectar las actividades económicas que actualmente se desarrollan en el área. La información resultante es esencial para que la población conozca las situaciones a las que podrían estar expuestos ante las fluctuaciones que tendrá la precipitación en situaciones meteorológicas futuras.

     This study aims to analyze the duration, intensity, periodicity, and frequency of dry and wet events in the south of Pampas (Argentina), considering i) recent past (1977-1997), ii) present (1998-2018), iii) near future (2019-2039), and iv) far future (2079-2099). In this sense, monthly rainfall data were assessed from twelve weather stations using the Standardized Precipitation Index with 1-month, 3-months,6-months and 12-months timescales. Kriging interpolation method was applied to analyze information spatially. The results showed an extension of dry events with a duration up to 12 months in the far future, while wet events showed a similar behavior among the considered periods. It is worth noting that the south part of the study area will present a higher frequency of wet and dry events, which will generate a more variable rainfall regime affecting the economic activities of the area. The information obtained will be essential for decision-makers and agricultural producers because it will allow them to know the rainfall fluctuation in future situations.