bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-throughput low-cost DNA sequencing using surface-coating technology
Authors: Qin Yanzhe , Koehler Stephan , Zhao Shengming , Mai Ruibin , Liu Zhuo , Lu Hao , Xing Chengmei
Published: June 2021

The speed, expense and throughput of genomic sequencing impose limitations on its use for time-sensitive acute applications, such as rare or antibiotic resistant infections, and large-scale testing that is necessary for population-wide source-tracing, as in the COVID-19 pandemic. A major bottleneck for increasing throughput and decreasing operating costs of next-generation sequencers (NGS) is the flow cell that supplies reagents for the biochemical processes; this subsystem has not significantly improved since 2005. Here we report a new method for sourcing reagents based on surface coating technology (SCT): the DNA adhered onto a biochip that is directly contacted by a reagent-coated polymeric strip. Compared with flow cells, reagent layers are an order of magnitude thinner while both the reagent exchange rate and biochip area are orders of magnitude greater. For whole genome sequencing (WGS), these improvements reduce turn-around time from days to twelve hours, reduce cost from about $1000 to $15, and increase data throughput by orders of magnitude. This makes NGS more affordable than many blood tests while rapidly providing detailed genomic information about microbial and viral pathogens, cancers and genetic disorders for targeted treatments and personalized medicine. The resulting data can be pooled in population-wide databases for accelerated research and development as well for providing detailed real-time data for tracking and containing pandemic outbreaks.
The SToICAL Trial: Study Protocol for the Soft Tissue Injection of Corticosteroid and Local Aneasthetic Trial – A Single Site, Non-Inferiority Randomised Control Trial Evaluating Pain After Soft Tissue Corticosteroid Injections with and without Local Anaesthetic
Authors: Jones Matt , Evans Jonathan , Gozzard Charles , Fullilove Sue , Doyle Edmund
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCorticosteroid injections are used in the treatment of hand and wrist conditions. The co-administration of a local anaesthetic and corticosteroid aims to reduce pain after the injection, although no studies have directly compared this with using corticosteroid alone. The aim is to determine whether pain experienced during the 24 hours after a corticosteroid injection to the hand and wrist is no worse than (not inferior to) the pain experienced after a corticosteroid and local anaesthetic injection. MethodsA single site, patient and assessor blinded, non-inferiority randomised control trial recording pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in patients with a clinical diagnosis of trigger finger, de Quervains tenosynovitis or carpal tunnel syndrome, treated with a 1ml Triamcinolone (40mg/1ml) injection co-administered with or without 1ml of 1% Lidocaine. The primary aim is to investigate a difference in pain VAS scores at 1-hour after the injection using a mean change score.A 95% power calculation was made using a minimally clinical important difference of 20mm as the clinically admissible margin of non-inferiority and an assumed standard deviation of 25mm, from previous studies. Including a 20% fall out rate, 100 patients are required. DiscussionPatients with a clinical diagnosis of trigger finger, de Quervains and carpal tunnel syndrome, are over the age 18 years old and who are able to give written informed consent will be included. Patients will be excluded if they have had previous surgery or corticosteroid injection for the condition being treated at the site considered for injection.Patients will be electronically randomised and injections delivered during their clinic appointment. Pain is assessed using a 100mm VAS score taken; before and at the time of injection, and at 5-minutes, 1-hour, 2-hours, 3-hours and 24-hours after the injection. The secondary outcomes are to determine a difference in pain VAS score at the time of injection and during the 24-hours after.Trial registrationThis study is registered on the IRAS (259336) on November 11, 2019 and EudraCT database on October 31, 2019 (2019-003742-32). REC/HRA approval was given in January 2020 and Clinical Trial Authorisation from the MHRA was given in December 2019. The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04253457) on February 5, 2020.(https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04253457?term=stoical+study&draw=2&rank=1)
Efficiency of Donepezil in Elderly Patients Undergoing Orthopaedic Surgery Due To Underlying Post-Operative cognitive Dysfunction: Study Protocol for A Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhu Huichen , Cong Lu , Chen Yi , Chen Shaoyi , Chen Lingke , Huang Zhenling , Zhou Jie , Xiao Jie , Huang Yonglei , Su Diansan
Published: June 2021

Background

Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an overarching term used to describe cognitive impairment identified in the preoperative or post-operative period. After surgical operations, older patients are particularly vulnerable to memory disturbances and other types of cognitive impairment. However, the pathogenesis of POCD remains unclear and no confirmed preventable or treatment strategy avilable. Our previous study demonstrated that the concentration of choline acetyl transferase in the cerebral spinal fliud was a predictive factor of POCD, and donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which was used in clinical for the treatment of alzheimer's disease can prevent the learning and memory impairment after anesthesia/surgery in aged mice. This study aimed to determine the critical role of donepezil in preventing cognitive impairment in elder patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery.
Methods

A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial will be performed to assess the efficacy of donepezil in elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Participants (n = 360) will receive donepezil (5 mg once daily) or placebo from 1 day prior to surgery until 5 days after surgery. Neuropsychological tests will be measured at 1 day before the operation and 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after the operation.
Discussion

This research project mainly aimed to study the effects of donepezil in elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery due to underlying POCD and to investigate the underlying physiological and neurobiological mechanisms of these effects. The results may provide important implications for the development of effective interfering strategies, specifically regarding cognitive dysfunction therapy using drugs.
Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04423276. Registered on 14 June 2020.
Physicochemical interaction with faecal bacteria in characterisation of beach water quality, Gulf of Guinea, Ghana
Authors: Akita Lailah Gifty , Laudien Juegen , Biney Charles , Akrong Mark
Published: June 2021

Human activities such as industrial and agricultural waste discharges directly in the coastal areas increasingly contribute to pollution in coastal waters of Western Africa. The study employed physicochemical and faecal analysis to understand water pollution along the coast of Ghana. The physicochemical parameter such as temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, dissolved oxygen saturation, total dissolved solids, and redox potential) were measured in situ while water samples were collected determination of total suspended solids, nutrients, chlorophyll-a, and faecal bacteria. The abundance of total coliforms (4061.6 ± 4159.14 CFU/100 ml water), Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the beaches. The high amount of faecal bacteria suggest microbial contamination, possible ecosystem, and health risks to water resource users. This baseline study provides evidence of coastal water contamination to improve beach water quality standards to ensure safe environmental health.
Conceptualising a Socially Resilient Multi-Dimensional Framework for Bottom-Up Evaluation of Community Participation Mechanism in a Watershed Management Space
Authors: Mahanta Bhabesh , KUMAR SARMA ARUP , KUMAR KAKOTY SASHINDRA
Published: June 2021

In any integrated watershed management programme (IWMP), community participation is indispensable. The success of the community participation mechanism (CPM) correlates positively with IWMP accomplishment. However, unlike watershed success evaluation, CPM, in practice, is seldom evaluated, nor is there a theoretical framework developed to baseline such assessment from stakeholders' perspective. This paper conceptualises a socially resilient community participation evaluation framework (CPEF) for bottom-up evaluation of watershed CPM to bridge this knowledge gap. For identifying various critical domains and variables for CPEF from a socio-hydrological perspective, we studied Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and IWMP programme policies and literature. Based on crucial watershed management actions, we built two constructs for the framework: (1) organisational - consisting of 36 organisational actions (OAs) in 10 domains of organisational management and (2) managerial – consisting of 46 critical management actions (CMAs) in 8 domains of management practices usually carried out in watershed space. This framework was verified in the IWMP areas of Brahmaputra valley in Assam, India. We applied a stratified structured questionnaire survey method to collect opinions of randomly sampled participants from three group of IWMP stakeholders' in four IWMP projects. We employed relevant statistical tests for analysing primary field data to obtain the most appealing set of community actions for the final CPEF. The results present an overview of the current state of CPM and a set of excludable actions. This evaluation framework methodology can be utilised to gauge community participation endeavour and improve cooperation, system redirection, and goal articulation in watershed space worldwide.
The Control of Crystal Structure and Mechanical Property in Regenerated Cellulose Film by Coagulation Conditions
Authors: Kawano Tessei , Iikubo Satoshi , Andou Yoshito
Published: June 2021

Cellulose films regenerated from aqueous alkali-urea solution possess different properties depending on coagulation conditions. However, the correlation between coagulant species and properties of regenerated cellulose (RC) films has not been clarified yet. In this study, RC films were prepared from cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) under several coagulation conditions. Cellulose dissolved in aqueous LiOH/urea solution was regenerated using various solvents at ambient temperature to investigate the effects of their polarity on the properties of RC film. The crystal structure, mechanical properties, and surface morphology of prepared RC films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile tester, and atomic probe microscopy (AFM), respectively. It is revealed that the preferential orientation of (110) and (020) crystal planes, which are formed by intra- and inter-hydrogen bonding in cellulose crystal regions, changed depending on coagulant species. Furthermore, we found out that tensile strength, elongation at break, and crystal structure properties of RC film strongly correlate to the dielectric constant of solvents used for coagulation process. This work, therefore, would be able to provide an indicator to control the properties of RC film depending on its application and to develop the detailed research on controlling the crystal structure of cellulose.
Comparison of The Procedure Time Differences Between the Hybrid Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and The Conventional Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Patients with Early Gastric neoplasms: A Study Protocol for A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (Hybrid-G Trial)
Authors: Esaki Mitsuru , Ihara Eikichi , Fujii Hiroyuki , Sumida Yorinobu , Haraguchi Kazuhiro , Takahashi Shunsuke , Iwasa Tsutomu , Nakano Kayoko , Wada Masafumi , Somada Shinichi , Minoda Yosuke , Ogino Haruei , Tagawa Koshiro , Ogawa Yoshihiro
Published: June 2021

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely accepted as a local treatment for gastrointestinal tract tumors. Recently, hybrid ESD (H-ESD) has been applied to colorectal neoplasms as a simplified endoscopic procedure. However, it is unclear whether H-ESD is superior to conventional ESD (C-ESD) for patients with early gastric neoplasms (EGN). In this trial, we will compare the treatment outcomes of H-ESD and C-ESD. We hypothesize that the procedure time for H-ESD is shorter than that for C-ESD.Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial to be conducted beginning in August 2020 at nine institutions in Japan. We will determine if H-ESD is superior to C-ESD in terms of procedure time in patients with EGN diagnosed as macroscopically intramucosal (T1a) differentiated carcinoma ≤ 20 mm in diameter without ulcerative findings according to current Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines. A total of 82 patients will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the C-ESD or H-ESD group. The primary outcome is ESD procedure time. Secondary outcomes include time and speed of each part of the ESD procedure, en bloc resection, complete resection, curability, adverse events related to the ESD procedure, extent of dissection before snaring, volume of injection solution, number and time of hemostasis, thickness of the submucosal layer in the resected specimen, and handover to another operator. The stated sample size was determined based on the primary outcome. According to a previous report comparing the procedure times of C-ESD and H-ESD, we hypothesized that H-ESD would provide a 0.2 reduction in logarithmically concerted procedure time (-37%). We estimated that a total of 82 participants were needed to reach a power of 80% for a t-test with a significance level of 0.05 and a 10% dropout. Discussion: This trial will provide high-quality data on the benefits and risks of H-ESD for EGN patients. The results of this study could lead to improved outcomes in patients with EGN undergoing ESD. The results will be presented at national and international meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration: UMIN-CTR Identifier, UMIN000041244; Registered on July 29, 2020.
L-Phenylalanine Applications and Culture Duration Affect Root Growth and Production of Tropane Alkaloids and Phenolics in Adventitious Root Cultures of Hyoscyamus Niger L.
Authors: DEMIRCI Tunhan , Albayrak İlknur , Baydar Nilgün Göktürk
Published: June 2021

This study was aimed to determine the effects of different concentrations of L-phenylalanine (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mM L-Phe) applied to adventitious root cultures for different culture durations on root growth and production of tropane alkaloids and phenolics in Hyoscyamus niger. For this purpose, adventitious roots obtained from petiole explants of in vitro seedlings were used as plant materials. After adventitious roots were cultured in liquid MS medium, L-Phe was applied to the adventitious roots. Then the roots were harvested on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day of the applications, fresh and dry root weights, root growth indexes were analysed. It was also examined the contents of tropane alkaloids (hyoscyamine and scopolamine) and phenolics (gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, vanillin, cinnamic acid, rosmarinic acid, p-coumaric, o-coumaric acid, rutin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin) by HPLC in both adventitious roots and culture medium. As a result, the greatest root growth values were obtained from the roots harvested on the 3rd and 7th days after 0.50 and 1.00 mM L-Phe applications. The maximum scopolamine and hyoscyamine amounts were detected in the cultures with the application of 0.50 mM L-Phe for 3 days. In terms of phenolics, 0.50 mM and 1.00 mM L-Phe application with 1st and 3rd days were selected as the most appropriate L-Phe applications and culture duration. Consequently, it has been determined that in vitro secondary metabolite production may be increased in H. niger root cultures with the selection of appropriate L-Phe concentrations and culture durations.
Globally Consistent Assessment of Coastal Eutrophication
Authors: Maúre Elígio , Terauchi Genki , Ishizaka Joji , Clinton Nicholas , DeWitt Michael
Published: June 2021

Eutrophication associated with increasing anthropogenic nutrient loading is an emerging global concern. Often, eutrophication is concomitant with negative impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. Nevertheless, the impacts and the extent of eutrophication are limited to regions with dedicated monitoring programmes. Here we introduce the Global Eutrophication Watch, the first global and interactive assessment map of coastal eutrophication potential (CEP). It is constructed on Google Earth Engine and it evaluates temporal trends in satellite chlorophyll-a (CHL), a proxy for phytoplankton biomass, to devise a global map of CEP. Our analyses suggest that, globally, coastal waters (depth ≤200 m) covering ~1.15 million km2 are eutrophic potential. We found that waters associated with CHL increasing trends—those with potential for further deterioration of water quality—are twofold higher than those showing signs of recovery. The tool effectively identified areas of known eutrophication with severe symptoms, such as dead zones, as well as those with limited to no information of the eutrophication. Our tool introduces the prospect for a consistent global assessment of eutrophication trends with major implications for monitoring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This work contributes to the application of Earth Observations in support of SDGs.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and characteristics of post-infection immunity in a general population cohort study in Catalonia, Spain.
Authors: Karachaliou Marianna , Moncunill Gemma , Espinosa Ana , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Jiménez Alfons , Vidal Marta , Santano Rebeca , Barrios Diana , Puyol Laura , Carreras Anna , Mayer Leonie , Rubio Rocío , Cortés Beatriz , Pleguezuelos Vanessa , O'Callaghan-Gordo Cristina , Fossati Serena , Rivas Ioar , Casabonne Delphine , Vrijheid Martine , Izquierdo Luis , Aguilar Ruth , Basagaña Xavier , Garcia-Aymerich Judith , de Cid Rafael , Dobaño Carlota , Kogevinas Manolis
Published: June 2021

Sparse data exist on the complex natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 at the population level. We applied a well-validated multiplex serology test in 5000 participants of a general population study in Catalonia in blood samples collected from end June to mid November 2020. Based on responses to fifteen isotype-antigen combinations, we detected a seroprevalence of 18.1% in adults (n=4740), and modeled extrapolation to the general population of Catalonia indicated a 15.3% seroprevalence. Antibodies persistedup to 9 months after infection. Immune profiling of infected individuals revealed that with increasing severity of infection (asymptomatic, 1-3 symptoms, ≥4 symptoms, admitted to hospital/ICU), seroresponses were more robust and rich with a shift towardsIgG over IgA and anti-spike over anti-nucleocapsid responses. Among seropositive participants, lower antibody levels were observed for those ≥60 years vs <60 years old and smokers vs non-smokers. Overweight/obese participants vs normal weight had higher antibody levels. Adolescents (13-15 years old) (n=260) showed aseroprevalence of 11.5%, were less likely to be tested seropositive compared to their parentsand had dominant anti-spike rather than anti-nucleocapside IgG responses. Our study provides an unbiased estimate of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Catalonia and new evidence on the durability and heterogeneity of post-infection immunity.
Robotic and Orthosensor Assisted versus Manual (ROAM) Total Knee Replacement: A Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Clement Nicholas D , Bardgett Michelle , Galloway Steven M , Baron Yael J , Smith Karen M , Weir David J , Deehan David J
Published: June 2021

BackgroundRobotic-arm assisted knee arthroplasty allows for more accurate component positioning and alignment and is associated with better patient reported outcomes comparted to manually performed jig-based knee arthroplasty. However, what is not known is whether the addition of an intra-articular sensor (VerasenseTM) to aid intraoperative balancing of the total knee replacement (TKR) offers improved functional outcomes for the patient. The purpose of this research is to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing a conventional manual knee replacement to those undergoing TKR using robotic assisted surgery and the VerasenseTM to optimise alignment and balance the knee joint, respectively, and assess the associated cost economics of such technology.Methods and AnalysisThis randomised controlled trial will include 90 patients with end stage osteoarthritis of the knee undergoing primary TKR. Patients meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria that consent to be in the study will be randomised at a ratio of 1:1 to either manual TKA (standard of care) or robotic-arm assisted TKA with VerasenseTM to aid balancing of the knee. The primary objective will be functional improvement at 6-months following surgery between the two groups. The secondary objectives are to compare changes in knee specific function, joint awareness, patient expectation and fulfilment, satisfaction, pain, stiffness and functional ability, health related quality of life, cost effectiveness, and gait patterns between the two groups. Ethical approval was obtained by the Tyne & Wear South Research Ethics Committee, UK. The study is sponsored by the Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.DiscussionThis study will assess whether the improved accuracy of component positioning using the robotic-arm assisted surgery and the VerasenseTM to aid balancing of the TKA offers improved outcome relative to standard manual jug-based systems that are currently the standard of care. This will be assessed primarily according to knee specific function, but several other measure will also be assessed including whether this is a cost effective intervention.Trial registrationInternational Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN47889316 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN47889316 (registered on 25/11/2019)Date and version for protocolROAM Protocol V1.0 (13-12-2018)
Study of Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern And Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Human And Animal Pyogenic Cases
Authors: Singh Jayshree , Kumar Amit , Yadav Sharad K. , Yadav Ritika , Singh Vinod K.
Published: June 2021

Staphylococcus aureus has been described as the most common cause of human and animal diseases and has emerged as superbug due to multidrug resistance. Considering these, a total of 175 samples were collected from pyogenic cases of humans (75) and animals (100), to establish the drug resistance pattern and also for molecular characterization of human and animal isolates. Thermonuclease (nuc) gene amplification was used to confirm all presumptive S. aureus isolates and then antibiotic sensitivity and slide coagulase tests were used for phenotypic characterization of isolates. Following that, all of the isolates were subjected to PCR amplification to detect the existence of the methicillin resistance (mecA) and coagulase (coa) genes. Lastly, typing was done by using the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR. The overall prevalence of S. aureus in human and animal samples was found to be 39.4%. Drug sensitivity revealed the highest resistance against the β-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin (94.8%) and penicillin (90.6%), followed by cephalosporin (cefixime-67.7%) and quinolone (ciprofloxacin-52.1%) group of drugs. The drug sensitivity was the highest against antibiotics like chloramphenicol (95%) followed by gentamicin (90%). Among the 69 S. aureus isolates, the overall presence of MRSA was 40.5% (27.5% and 50% in human and animal isolates respectively). Total 33 isolates exhibited coa genes amplification of more than one amplicons and variable in size of 250, 450, 800, and 1100 bp. The RAPD typing revealed amplification of 5 and 6 different band patterns in humans and animals, respectively, with two common patterns suggesting a common phylogenetic profile.
Clinical Study of The Early Application of Lvabradine For Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction Patients After PCI With Early Heart Failure To Observe Cardiac Function And Prognosis
Authors: Gao Jun-Qing , wang Xu , Li Ling-Yan , Zhang Hua , Zhang Hong , Liu Ying , Lv Tian-Jiao , Han Bing-Yu , Jian Ye , Liu Zong-Jun
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe incidence of acute myocardial infarction is increasing each year. Percutaneous coronary intervention has become highly preferred for patients with acute myocardial infarction because it not traumatic and improves heart function. However, the mortality and disability rates are still high. For the first time, we used ivabradine in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. We expect that this new method will enhance heart function and clinical prognosis because of heart rate control, decreases in heart preload and improvements in left ventricular end-diastolic volume.Method and analysisThis is a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter and optimally designed clinical trial. A total of 500 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction after Percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI）with early heart failure will be enrolled. Eligible subjects will be randomized at a 1:1 ratio to take the standard drug treatment or receive the standard drug treatment plus ivabradine. The primary outcome measure is left ventricular end-diastolic volume. Left ventricular ejection fraction, adverse cardiac events, and the Canadian angina pectoris score will be evaluated as secondary endpoints. Blood biochemical testing will be used as the safety endpoints. Ethics and dissemination The clinical research will be carried out in strict accordance with the relevant Chinese laws and regulations, the Declaration of Helsinki, and the ethical and scientific principles stipulated by the Chinese GCP. All participants will provide informed consent. The personal information of patients will be kept confidential. Findings from the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.ClinicalTrials.govID:ChiCTR2000032731,Registered8May,2020 http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=53275 Trial Statusversion number: Protocol version 1.0., approved9 May，2020Trial ongoingStudy execute time: From 1 September 2020 to 31 Octomber 2022Recruiting time: From 8 May 2020 to 31 December 2022
Indole Glucosinolates Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells through Modulation of Inflammatory Markers and miRNAs
Authors: Salem Ayah Z. , Medhat Dalia , Fathy Shadia A. , Mohamed Mohamed R. , El-Khayat Zakaria , El-Daly Sherien M.
Published: June 2021

Background: Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is the major link between inflammation and cancer. Natural agents that inhibit this pathway are essential in attenuating inflammation induced by cancer and/or induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. A high intake of Brassicaceae vegetables is linked to modulating essential pathways related to chronic diseases. In the present study, we investigated the anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effect of glucosinolates indoles; indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM) on the inflammatory biomarkers and miRNAs controlling the NF-κB pathway. Methods and Results: inoculation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in female albino mice resulted in a marked increase in packed cell volume and a significant increase in the level of several cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers (NF-κB IL-6, IL-1b, TNF-α, and NO). A significant elevation in the inflammatory-medicated miRNAs (miR-31 and miR-21) was also detected. Treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) significantly reduces packed cell volume and the viable cell count. However, it was accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of inflammatory markers and the expression of miR-31 and miR-21. Although treatment with indoles significantly reduced the packed cell volume and the viable cell count, their most prominent effect was the marked reduction of all inflammatory biomarkers compared to both EAC untreated group and the EAC group treated with 5-FU. Moreover, their anti-inflammatory effect was modulated by a significant decrease in miR-31 and miR-21. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that I3C and DIM have a strong anti-inflammatory effect, implying that their use as a co-treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs could effectively improve the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapies.
Hepatotoxic Manifestations of Arsenic Trioxide Loaded Poly (Lactide-co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles in Wistar Rat
Authors: Verma Yeshvandra , Rana Kavita , Rani Varsha , Rana Suresh VS
Published: June 2021

Present study reports on the hepatotoxic manifestations of arsenic trioxide loaded poly lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles (As2O3-PLGA- NPs) in rats. As2O3-PLGA- NPs enhances the activity of serum transaminases. As2O3-PLGA-NPs are potential inducer of lipid peroxidation in mitochondria as well as microsomes. Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was higher than the microsomal lipid peroxidation. CYP450 2E1 was lower in the liver of As2O3-PLGA- NPs treated rats in comparison to arsenic trioxide treated rats. GSH showed lower values than control rats and arsenic trioxide treated rats. Glutathione-S-transferase inhibited by arsenic trioxide, non significant increase was recorded in the liver of As2O3-PLGA- NPs treated rats. As2O3-PLGA- NPs readily accumulates in liver and induces peculiar histopathological changes viz. intracytoplasmic/intranuclear inclusions and apoptosis. Since As2O3-PLGA- NPs are being considered as a suitable chemo-preventive agent against different types of cancer, its toxicological properties are of prime concern from bio-safety point of view. Thus, present observations seem to be important from human health risk assessment point of view.
MATLAB Simulation of IEEE802.11p Technology on High User’s Mobility
Authors: mountaciri abderrahim
Published: June 2021

In this article proposed IEEE 802.11p Physical layer (PHY). A MATLAB simulation is performed to analyze the baseband processing of the transceiver. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is applied in this project according to the IEEE 802.11p standard, which allows data transmission rates from 3 to 27 Mbps. Separate modulation schemes, bit phase shift modulation (BPSK), quadrate phase shift modulation (QPSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), are used for different data rates. These schemes are combined with time interleaving and a convolutional error correction code. A guard interval is inserted at the start of the transmitted symbol to reduce the effect of intersymbol interference (ISI). This article studies the PHY physical layer of the IEEE 802.11p vehicular communication standard. An IEEE.802.11p PHY model, with many associated phenomena, is implemented in the V2V vehicle-to- vehicle, and the vehicle-to-vehicle ad hoc network (VANET) provides convenient coordination between moving vehicles. A moving vehicle could move at a very high speed, producing a Doppler effect that damages OFDM symbols and also causes inter-carrier interference (ICI). This article has discussed VANET technology versus 802.11a technology, as they have many differences when it comes to user mobility. The Doppler effect resulting from the mobility of the user with a high speed of 25 to 400 km / h has been studied as the main parameter, the estimation of the channel based on the lms algorithm has been proposed in order to improve the performance of the physical physical chain
Gait Recognition Analysis for Human Identification Analysis- A Hybrid Deep Learning Process
Authors: B Mathivanan , P Perumal
Published: June 2021

Gait is an individual biometric behavior which can be detected based on distance which has different submissions in social security, forensic detection and crime prevention. Hence, in this paper, Advanced Deep Belief Neural Network with Black Widow Optimization (ADBNN-BWO) Algorithm is developed to identify the human emotions by human walking style images. This proposed methodology is working based on four stages like pre-processing, feature extraction, feature selection and classification. For the pre-processing, contrast enhancement median filter is used and Hu Moments, GLCM, Fast Scale-invariant feature transform (F-SIFT), in addition skeleton features are used for the feature extraction. To extract the features efficiently, the feature extraction algorithm can be often very essential calculation. After that, feature selection is performed. Then the classification process is done by utilizing the proposed ADBNN-BWO Algorithm. Based on the proposed method, the human gait recognition is achieved which utilized to identify the emotions from the walking style. The proposed method is validated by using the open source gait databases. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB platform and their corresponding performances/outputs are evaluated. Moreover, the statistical measures of proposed method are also determined and compared with the existing method as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Mayfly algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimization (MA-PSO), Recurrent Neural Network -PSO (RNN-PSO) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) respectively.
A Hybrid Analytic Model for the Effective Prediction of Different Stages in Chronic Kidney Ailments
Authors: Seba P. Antony , JV Bibal Benifa
Published: June 2021

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a gradual loss of kidney function over the period of time and it is irrevocable once functionality reaches the critical state. Detecting the various stages of CKD helps to reduce the progression of the disease. Accurate prediction of CKD stages is one of the urgent needs in the medical industry and it can be effectively done by adopting Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The primary objective of the present research is to develop an effective classification model for the accurate prediction of CKD stages based on the patient’s health profile as well as the clinical test reports. Here, a hybrid ML strategy is employed that integrates Random Forest (RF) and AdaBoost (AB) techniques through a voting classifier (VC). The standard CKD dataset with 400 tuples and 25 parameters is used for the proposed investigation. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation is used to extract an additional feature known as “estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)” for the prediction of the CKD stage. Pre-processing is carried out on the CKD dataset to fill the missing values by considering the skewness of the parameters and the issue of data leakage is also well addressed. Medically important features are considered and Correlation analysis is carried out to select the appropriate features for the model building process.The proposed Hybrid Ensemble Model (HEM) aids in lowering the bias and variance. HEM model efficiency is assessed using the performance metrics such as cross validation score (CVS), accuracy, precision, recall, F1 measure, Mean Squared Error (MSE), bias and variance and it is compared with the state-of-the-art classification schemes. The outcomes of the analysis reveal that the proposed HEM ensures that the CKD stage prediction is more accurate with 99.16%, 100%, 100% in reduced feature set I, set II, set III and with cross validation score of 97.85%, 99.28%, and 99.64% with reduced features set I, set II and set III respectively.
Efficacy of Steroid Therapy for Fukuyama Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Murakami Terumi , Sato Takatoshi , Adachi Michiru , Ishiguro Kumiko , Shichiji Minobu , Tachimori Hisateru , Nagata Satoru , Ishigaki Keiko
Published: June 2021

Background: Although a fundamental treatment for Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) is not developed yet, several reports have suggested that steroid therapy could be effective for FCMD; however, no independent intervention studies have been conducted.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of steroid therapy for restoring motor functions in FCMD patients.Subjects: This study involved 3-to-10-year-old FCMD patients who exhibited a decline in motor functions, requested steroid therapy.Methods: The dose regimen started with oral administration of prednisolone at 0.5 mg/kg every other day and was increased to 1.0 mg/kg if the response was insufficient. The motor functions of the patients were evaluated and compared using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (significance level, P ≤ 0.05)Results: The mean age of FCMD patients at the onset of steroid therapy was 8.10 years (SD, 2.14 years). The mean GMFM difference between before and after the steroid therapy was +1.23 (SD, 1.10), with a P value of 0.015 representing a significant improvement in the GMFM.Conclusions: Our results indicate that steroid therapy may contribute to the maintenance and improvement of the motor functions of advanced-stage FCMD patients.Clinical Trial Registration: Registration Number: UMIN000020715, Registration Date: 01/02/2016.
Temporal Analysis and the Joint Probability Distribution of Rainfall Indexes in the Taihu Lake Basin, China
Authors: Hao Manqiu , Gao Cheng , Chen Jian
Published: June 2021

Taking the Taihu Lake Basin as an example, in this study, the characteristics of the rainfall factors in the study area were analyzed using daily rainfall data from 1955 to 2018. Three factors, i.e., the contribution rate of the rainfall in the flood season, the rainfall frequency, and the maximum daily rainfall, were selected to determine the optimal probability distribution function for each single factor. Furthermore, the root mean square error (RMSE) goodness of fit test was used to determine the optimal copula function for the three-dimensional joint probability distribution characteristics of the rainfall factors. The research results show that the three-dimensional copula joint probability method contains much more information than the results of the single variable probability calculation. The copula function can be used to analyze the multi-dimensional joint distribution of rainfall factors, which can fill the gap in research on multiple rainfall factors.
Crop Simulation Mediated Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Rice Grown Under Temperate High Altitude Valley of Kashmir
Authors: Shakoor Ab. , Sofi Najeebul Rehman , Shah Ashaq H. , Khan Gazala H. , Sofi Mehrajuddin , Mohiddin Fayaz A. , Wani Shabir A. , Mehdi S. Sheeraz , Bhat Nazir A. , Shikari Asif Bashir
Published: June 2021

The major parameters that affect climate change pattern include the latitude, ocean currents, wind, air pressure, elevation and relief. These parameters can influence the behaviour of the crops and their performance in time and space. The study was carried out to gain the perspicacity about the prospectus of cultivation of ruling japonica rice variety, K-332 under climate change scenario for next few decades across temperate high altitude ecology (2000-2300m msl) of Kashmir valley located within North-western Himalayas. Grown over a long period of time, K-332 was released in the year 1972 and is still popular among the farmers. The variety has supported the food security in rice growing hilly and mountainous areas of the region spread across 50,000 ha area. A study was carried out with effect from the year 2000 up till 2019 for 20 years in order to understand the phenology and stability of yield performance of the variety under changing climate scenario using DSSAT CERES crop simulation model (v.4.7). Model simulated traits namely, days to anthesis, days to physiological maturity, tiller number and grain yield marked an agreement with observed data with low mean absolute error, high R2 (0.85-0.94), high modified index of agreement (0.74-0.85) and modified modelling efficiency varying from 0.47 for the traits. Our observations lead to the projections under climate change scenario and was concluded that the days to flowering and maturity were projected to decrease by 1.96-8.82 % and 2.11-9.86 %, respectively, with increase in air temperature. However, the tiller number and grain yield were predicted to increase by 3.80 and 2.37 % respectively, under RCP 2.6 during 2021-2050 to 19.00 and 8.70 % under RCP 8.5 during 2075-2099. The study revealed the scope of rice cultivation with the same variety in high altitudes with a potential to not only sustain the climate change effect but exploit it for better yield performance due to moderation of low temperature stress and the reversing of the limitations thus far posed by sub-optimal temperatures and short growing period.
Legacy Effects of Extreme Drought on the Belowground Bud Bank of Bunchgrass and Rhizomatous Steppe Communities in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Luo Wentao , Qian Jianqiang , Guo Ziyue , Muraina Taofeek O. , Te Niwu , Griffin-Nolan Robert J. , Song Lin , Xu Chong , Yu Qiang , Liu Dan
Published: June 2021

Belowground bud banks play a crucial role in plant population regeneration, community dynamics and ecosystem functions in response to environmental change and disturbance. In mesic grasslands, belowground bud banks are largely resistant to short-term drought. The sensitivity of belowground bud banks to long-term extreme drought in semiarid steppes is less understood. Here, we investigated the legacy effects of a 4-year experimental drought (i.e., 66% reduction in growing season precipitation) on belowground bud density, aboveground shoot density and their relationship (represented by the meristem limitation index-MLI) in two temperate semiarid steppes with different dominated plant growth forms (i.e., bunchgrass vs. rhizomatous grass). Measurements were made during the first recovery year following drought; thus, we reported the legacy effects of drought on belowground bud bank. Results showed that at community level the densities of both belowground buds and aboveground shoots decreased while there was no change in MLI. However, drought had no significant influences on belowground buds, aboveground shoots and MLI of the dominant plant growth form. The legacy effects of drought were largely dependent on plant community type and growth form. Specifically, due to their cluster/phalanx clonal growth, bunchgrasses and communities they dominated were characterized by greater meristem limitation compared with rhizomatous grasses. Our study implies that integrating belowground bud bank demography into the predictive model of community dynamics and ecosystem functions in response to climate change should be considered to understand the differing responses among community type and dominant plant groups.
The Predictive Role of QEEG in the Post-Operative Delirium and Prognosis of Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Guo Zhi-bao , Liu Wen-xue , Yang Cong-shan , Yang Yi
Published: June 2021

Objective To determine whether qEEG has the capable of predicting the onset of post-operative delirium (POD) and prognosis of cardiac surgery patients. Methods We prospectively studied a cohort of cardiac surgery patients undergoing EEG for evaluation of altered mental status. Patients were assessed for delirium with the CAM-ICU or CAM. EEG were interpreted clinically by clinician, and reports were reviewed to identify features such as aEEG，alpha，beta，theta or delta relative band energy, alpha variability and spectral entropy. Generalized linear models were used to quantify associations among EEG findings, delirium, and clinical outcomes, including length of stay and mortality. Results 60 patients were evaluated and 29 (48.33%) met delirium criteria. The EEG finding most strongly associated with delirium presence was aEEG, whether the peak value or valley value less than lower quartile or greater than upper quartile. Conclusions The peak or valley value of aEEG in F3-P3/F4-P4 derivation is a good predictor of post-operative delirium in cardiac surgery patients.Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier, NCT03351985. Registered 1 December 201
Bio-remediation of Most Contaminated Sites by Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons In Dhiba Port Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Using Chlorella Vulgaris
Authors: Alhumairi Abrar M. , Hamouda Ragaa A. , Saddiq Amna A.
Published: June 2021

Dhiba port has a strategic location near the Neom project. Various anthropogenic activities contributed to the discharge of heavy metals and oil spill in the aquatic system and caused environmental pollution. Microalgae are the best microorganisms in aquatic conditions which known to be capable of eliminating contaminants. We investigate the heavy metals and hydrocarbons contaminations exhibited in five sites of port. Our aim is to determine the most contaminated sites then using Immobilized and fresh Chlorella vulgaris in bioremediation. The results indicated that Immobilized and fresh C. vulgaris have the capabilities of growing in contaminated seawater and were capable of removing heavy metals completely. Immobilized C. vulgaris is the most efficient in the degradation of hydrocarbons at site one. Overall, Immobilized C. vulgaris is the most effective in removing both heavy metals and hydrocarbon. It is an economic tool due to simplifying harvesting and then retaining for further processing.
Phytoextraction, Accumulation and Toxicological Effects of 1-Tetradecyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ionic Liquid in Ryegrass
Authors: Yilimulati Mihebai , Du Hong , Wu Wei , Habibul Nuzahat
Published: June 2021

Ionic liquids are widely used in many fields due to their extremely tunable nature and exceptional properties. The extensive application of ionic liquids raises great concerns regarding their bioaccumulation potential and adverse effects on organisms.Green plants have a great potential for uptake of persistent xenobiotics from aquatic and terrestrial environment. However, the assimilation and bioaccumulation of 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C14mim]Br) has not been studied in plantsyet. In order to explore the phytoaccumulationof [C14mim]+, ryegrass were exposed to [C14mim]Br with hydroponic experiment.The effects of [C14mim]Brdosages on growth index, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MAD) content and antioxidant enzyme activity of ryegrass were investigated. The toxic effects of[C14mim]Bron ryegrass growth increased with increasing initial concentration. The high initial concentration treatment resulted in rapid changes in physiological characteristics in ryegrass tissue. [C14mim]+ions were mainly accumulated in root tissue and partly translocated to the above ground part of ryegrass.[C14mim]+was observed in the highest concentration (314.35 µg/gin root and 101.42 µg/gin aboveground partsof ryegrass) with 10 mg/L of [C14mim]Br.Our results demonstrated that ryegrass can uptake and accumulate [C14mim]+ and is therefore a suitable species for phytroremediationof trace amount of [C14mim]+ and possibly other ionic liquids.