bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drifts of Parenting Styles and Rage Among Juveniles: A Research Study of Pakistani Families Residing in Pakistan and Abroad
Authors: Siddiqui Sohni , Saleem Muhammad Furquan , Kazmi Anjum Bano
Published: November 2018

The study examined the common parental style and its influence on children’s aggressive behavior and academic achievements among Pakistani Children. One hundred and twenty parents (44 father and 76 mothers) and their preteen and teenaged children (46 boys and 84 girls) aged between 9 and 19 years were randomly selected from Karachi, Pakistan. Pakistani families in UAE, Ireland, and United Kingdom were randomly selected and included in studies. Academic achievements of children were found by demographic information. Parents filled in section A of the questionnaires, which measured parental styles in terms of their beliefs and practices and classified them into permissive, autocratic, and active parents. Children of the same parents filled section B of the same questionnaire to measure children’s antisocial behavior and aggression. Commonly found parenting style is authoritative and parenting practices are free of parents’ gender. Direct relation of autocratic parenting styles on increased level of aggression and diminution of academic achievement of child is found through regression analysis. Independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance revealed similar trends in the development of aggression among girls and boys of different age groups. Similarly, academic achievements and aggression of children are found independent of each other. The impact of parent’s gender, qualification, and professionalism on parenting was also explored in the current study. Parent’s gender and educational achievements have no impact on parenting practices; however, profession of parent has influence on adoption of parenting practices in case of autocratic parenting style and further needs to be explored. Further research to surface other factors contributing to the development of aggression among juveniles is recommended.
Considering Unintended Consequences: Evidence From Recent Evaluations of U.S. Foreign Assistance Programs
Authors: de Alteriis Martin
Published: November 2018

This article examines factors that could have influenced whether evaluations of U.S. government–funded foreign assistance programs completed in 2015 had considered unintended consequences. Logit regression models indicate that the odds of considering unintended consequences were increased when all or most of seven standard data collection methods had been used, and there were some agency effects; however, no associations were found with evaluation type (impact vs. performance), timing, or whether evaluations were conducted by external evaluators. These results suggest that some proportion of the evaluations that did not consider unintended consequences would have considered such consequences if they had employed more data collection methods. Moreover, few of the evaluations that considered unintended consequences provided many details about their investigative methodologies or the consequences themselves, which raises further concerns that users might not have received information that would have helped for learning or accountability purposes.
Outcomes of bilateral lateral rectus recession in treatment of recurrent exotropia after bilateral medial rectus resection
Authors: Elkamshoushy Amr , Langue Michael A
Published: November 2018

Purpose:

To report the results of bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession for recurrent exotropia in cases where the primary surgery was a bilateral medial rectus resection.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review of 15 subjects who completed 6 months of follow-up. Data collected included patients’ demographics and pre- and post-operative measurements of ocular alignment and motility. Surgical nomogram used was the same nomogram we use for primary cases of exotropia.

Results:

At 6-month follow-up, 73.3% of cases had a successful surgical outcome (defined as 8 PD of esotropia to 10 PD of exotropia). In addition, recession of lateral rectus muscles against the previously resected medial recti did not result in a significant increase in the limitation of abduction.

Conclusion:

Bilateral lateral rectus recession using standard surgical tables is a safe and effective method for treating recurrent exotropia following bilateral medial rectus resection. Even large primary resections up to 12 mm do not seem to affect the results of bilateral lateral rectus recession.
Clinical feasibility of pinhole glasses in presbyopia
Authors: Park Hong Hyun , Park In Ki , Moon Nam Ju , Chun Yeoun Sook
Published: November 2018

Purpose:

To investigate the ocular physiologic changes and subjective symptoms of wearing multiple-pinhole glasses in subjects with presbyopia.

Methods:

This prospective study included 32 eligible subjects with presbyopia. Objective ocular functions and a survey of ocular discomfort were performed at baseline. All participants underwent the same examinations after reading while wearing the pinhole glasses and not wearing these glasses at a 1-week interval in random order.

Results:

The pinhole glasses improved uncorrected distance and near visual acuity in presbyopia. These glasses also required 15% less accommodative power over the near stimulus of 25 cm than did eyes without pinholes. Compared to reading without pinhole glasses, reading with pinhole glasses led to the following changes: increase in monocular near point of accommodation from 4.39 ± 0.78 diopter (D) to 5.19 ± 1.12 D, increase in depth of focus from 1.42 ± 0.44 D to 2.00 ± 0.33 D, and increase in amplitude of fusional convergence from 13.38 ± 6.88 prism D to 21.62 ± 10.00 prism D. In contrast, the reading speed decreased, inter-blink interval increased, tear break-up time shortened, and subjective ophthalmic symptoms worsened with pinhole glasses compared to without.

Conclusion:

In presbyopia, pinhole glasses improve visual acuity and accommodation-related parameters by pseudo-accommodation and the pinhole effect. However, the low legibility, increased inter-blink interval, and shortened break-up time of pinhole glasses cause an uncomfortable feeling and excessive eye fatigue. Pinhole glasses have strengths and limitations that must be considered to provide appropriate guidance in patients with presbyopia. Clinical trial registration was done at www.ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02722291).
Diabetes and blindness in people with diabetes in Hungary
Authors: Tóth Gábor , Szabó Dorottya , Sándor Gábor L , Nagy Zoltán Z , Karadeniz Sehnaz , Limburg Hans , Németh János
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

The purpose of the study was to estimate the number of people with diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the prevalence of blindness and severe visual impairment among people with diabetes mellitus in Hungary based on our recent national representative survey.

Methods:

Altogether 105 clusters of 35 people aged 50 years or older were randomly selected. Standardized rapid assessment of avoidable blindness with the diabetic retinopathy module was used. Each individual received a visual acuity assessment, and every person with diabetes mellitus underwent dilated fundus examination.

Results:

The estimated number of people with diabetes mellitus was 807,885 in the adult (⩾18 years) population in Hungary with 9.9% prevalence. Diabetic retinopathy exhibited an increasing tendency with age. The prevalence rates of blindness and severe visual impairment in people with diabetes mellitus aged ⩾50 years were 1.0% and 0.9%, respectively. Diabetic retinopathy was responsible for 28% of blindness and 50% of severe visual impairment among participants aged ⩾50 years with diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion:

The estimated number of people with diabetes mellitus and prevalence of diabetes mellitus were lower than those recently reported. However, if we extend our estimation, prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus may be higher and thus prevalence of diabetes mellitus may reach a higher value (between 9.9% and 13.4%). Because of the high number of ophthalmologically uncontrolled diabetic eyes and high rate of blindness due to diabetic retinopathy, primary eye care should be improved, and a nationwide telemedical eye-screening programme should be undertaken.
Limited edition: Producing artificial scarcity for digital art on the blockchain and its implications for the cultural industries
Authors: O’Dwyer Rachel
Published: November 2018

This article examines the use of the blockchain to create limited editions of digital art with a particular focus on the business models of two companies: Monegraph and Ascribe. For some, the development of blockchain technologies and smart contracts suggests an opportunity for artists to protect their work from misuse and expropriation. For others, it suggests the possibility of stronger forms of digital rights management, going forward, that may negatively impact digital culture. However, this article argues that the aim of limited editions on the blockchain is not usually to institute stronger restrictions over use or a new form of digital rights management but rather to create new kinds of tradable digital assets. In turn, this trend implies a different operation of intellectual property rights with respect to digital culture, one where alienation rather than exclusion is significant, and a different operation of scarcity with respect to digital cultural goods, where their free circulation is not necessarily antithetical to profit.
Biographies carved in wood: Turning points in the lives of two medieval Virgin sculptures
Authors: Ebert Bettina
Published: November 2018

By comparing two medieval polychrome sculptures of a combined enthroned Virgin and nativity scene, important and hitherto unnoticed stages in their object biographies can be described. Provenance and attribution are addressed by virtue of stylistic and material comparisons, and the sculptures’ wider iconographic, social, historical and spatial contexts are outlined. The article demonstrates how conservation science investigations feed into knowledge regarding the sculptures’ material composition, use, transformation and treatment histories. Thus, the applicability of the conservator’s approach to examining objects and shedding light on wider historical contexts is outlined by virtue of this case study.
‘A Southern man can have a harem of up to twenty Danish women’: Sexotic politics and immigration in Denmark, 1965–1979
Authors: Shield Andrew DJ
Published: November 2018

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Denmark received about 15,000 foreign workers from Turkey, Yugoslavia, Pakistan, the Middle East and North Africa during a unique period of women’s and sexual liberation. As foreign men visited discos—sometimes in search of sexual relationships with Danish women—a segment of Danish men accused foreigners of taking not only ‘their’ jobs but also ‘their’ women, and depicted foreign men as hypersexual or sexually violent (e.g. in union newspapers, men’s magazines). These ‘sexotic’ depictions of foreign men had immediate and negative effects on immigrants’ lived experiences in Denmark. In gay male subcultures, ‘sexotic’ depictions of men of color served mainly to entertain white fantasies, which also affected the experiences especially of gay men of color in Denmark. Overall, sexualized stereotypes about the male Other were central to broader political discussions in Denmark in the long 1970s, including debates about Danish wage suppression, immigrant ghetto formation, and the definition of sexual liberation.
Home and the limits of belonging: Homophobia and return migration to Peru
Authors: Alcalde M Cristina
Published: November 2018

This article examines how in Peru LGB experiences of return migration expose multiple forms of exclusionary incorporation that mark the home—in terms of family, city, and nation—as a site of simultaneous safety and fear. I suggest that Peruvian return migrants who identify as lesbian, gay, and bisexual find themselves in the difficult and dangerous position of experiencing violence against them—homophobic practices, jokes, silencing, and discrimination—in order to be at home with their families, and in the city post-return. These forms of post-return violence exclude them even as they are otherwise seemingly incorporated back into their families and communities.
What else can sex education do? Logics and effects in classroom practices
Authors: Krebbekx Willemijn
Published: November 2018

Comprehensive sex education (CSE) has been heralded as effective in promoting sexually healthy behaviour in youth. At the same time, it has also been countered by critique, indicating that CSE is not a neutral vehicle for the transmission of knowledge. To think sex education outside this opposition of health intervention and critique, this article asks: What else can sex education do? Three ethnographic cases from secondary schools in the Netherlands showed the school to be a space/time for sexuality, showed how sexual knowledge is produced and used in class, and how sex education plays into and depends on processes of (gendered) popularity. In addition, the analysis pointed to the ways in which comprehensive sex education in practice (re)produces ethnic characterizations of sexuality. Finally, the analysis of sex education in practice complicated the ways in which sex education is conceptualized and measured as a health intervention.
Phallocentricism, female penile choices, and the use of sex toys in Ghana
Authors: Fiaveh Daniel Yaw
Published: November 2018

Although the penis forms an important aspect of sexual practices, we know little about how women and men construct the penis in relation to sex and gender in Africa. In this exploratory study from urban Ghana with 34 interviewees, I argue that the changing notions of sex and the penis, in terms of the form they take and in terms of ownership, offer women and men the space to negotiate sexual scripts and to highlight women’s penile preferences. The findings show that while women and men emphasize a biological representation of the penis (due to cultural and religious values), there are nuanced narratives that also acknowledge the social and symbolic importance of the penis to include self-sexual gratification and the use of sex toys. The study contests notions that project female vulnerability vis-a-vis male dominance in matters of sex and that project female sexual choices in Africa.
Still much to be achieved: Intersecting regimes of oppression, social critique, and ‘thick’ justice for lesbian and gay people
Authors: Stormhøj Christel
Published: November 2018

Tying together theories of democratic justice and intersectionality, and presenting a contextual and updated theorization of the social-sexual organization, this article discusses the scope of justice offered to lesbians and gays in Denmark. Analyzing relations of recognition and representation in educational settings and asylum policy, it shows the obstacles to and/or opportunities for justice, including the different effects of intersections of heterosexism, sexism and racism on the agency of various groups of lesbians and gays. Considering justice as a process, the article argues that lesbians and gay movements’ democratic pursuit of justice both push existing boundaries of justice and feed on them. And, it indicates conditions for transformation.
Queer necropolitics of forced migration: Cyclical violence in the African context
Authors: Bhagat Ali H
Published: November 2018

This article seeks to theorize queer necropolitics—the ability for states to decide who lives and who dies—within the context of forced displacement. In doing so, I link the literature on African sexualities, necropolitics, and queer migration and ask the following questions: How do African states engage in necropolitics that fuel forced displacement for queer people? And, how do forcibly displaced queer migrants navigate and survive in heteronormative spaces within the wider context of racialization in Cape Town? I argue that forcibly displaced queer migrants face ongoing forms of displacement based on various dimensions of ‘non-belonging’ from country-of-origin to relocation.
Transmigrant media: Mediating place, mobility, and subjectivity
Authors: Seto WaiLing , Martin Fran
Published: November 2018

This article contributes to the exploration of interrelationships between human and media mobilities through analysis of qualitative interviews with 18 Southeast Asian transmigrants in Australia. This group demonstrated three main orientations toward the media they habitually engaged. In the memorial-affective orientation, respondents re-engaged media familiar from remembered pre-migration childhood and family contexts. An ambivalent-localizing orientation was taken toward Australian legacy media, some of which respondents found helped them relate to Australian culture while other forms were experienced as xenophobic and alienating. In the cosmopolitan-global orientation, respondents engaged global corporate, largely Anglophone media in ways that reinforced their sense of themselves as mobile and cosmopolitan. Most importantly, in our respondents’ experience, these three orientations were often not separable but interwoven into complex admixtures. We explore the implications of this hybrid experience of location through media both for the conceptualization of place in globalization, and for the study of migrant media.
Automated mobilities: From weaponized drones to killer bots
Authors: Elliott Anthony
Published: November 2018

The article develops the conjecture that automated mobilities are particularly characteristic of the digital era. Acknowledging that the development of the mobilities paradigm has been especially fruitful for the social sciences, the article contends that the advent of artificial intelligence, advanced robotics and accelerating automation makes new conceptual and methodological demands on mobilities research. In the first section of the article, I briefly review aspects of the ongoing development of the mobilities paradigm, with particular emphasis on the emergent contours of what I shall term ‘mobilities 3.0’. The second section focuses on several key aspects of complex automated systems, with specific reference to the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), advanced robotics and accelerating automation, along with how some of the mobilities transitions attendant upon these are registering in mobilities research. In the final section, I turn to analyse one particular instance of automated mobilities: namely, AI military technology and weapons systems. I conclude by setting out some conjectures on the relations between AI, automated mobilities and the paradigm of mobilities.
High Tie or not in Resection for Cancer in the Sigmoid Colon?
Authors: Olofsson F. , Buchwald P. , Elmståhl S. , Syk I.
Published: November 2018

Background and Aims:

The optimal extent of mesenteric resection in colon cancer surgery remains elusive. The aim was to assess the impact on perioperative morbidity and oncological outcome depending on the height of central vessel ligation in sigmoid resection for adenocarcinomas.

Material and Methods:

All cases of stage I–III sigmoid cancers, operated on with locally radical resections (2007–2009), were identified in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and categorized according to the position of the vascular ligature, that is, ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, ligation of the superior rectal artery, or ligation of the sigmoid branches.

Results:

In total, 999 cases were identified and possible to categorize. Although higher ligation level yielded a higher number of lymph nodes, 3- or 5-year overall survival, 5-year disease-free survival, or recurrence rate did not differ between the groups (p = 0.79, p = 0.41, p = 0.67, p = 0.51). No differences in survival were detected after multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, T-stage, N-stage, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, and adjuvant therapy.

Conclusion:

This large population-based study showed increased lymph node yield but no survival benefit or any decreased recurrence rate by high tie in resection of sigmoid cancer.
Blood Transfusions in Major Pancreatic Surgery: A 10-Year Cohort Study Including 1404 Patients Undergoing Pancreatic Resections in Finland
Authors: Lammi J.-P. , Eskelinen M. , Tuimala J. , Saarnio J. , Rantanen T.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Despite guidelines on blood transfusion (TF) thresholds, there seems to be great variation in transfusion policies between hospitals and surgeons. In order to improve and unify blood transfusion policies, the Finnish Red Cross Blood Service carried out a project concerning the optimal use of blood products (Verivalmisteiden optimaalinen käyttö) between 2002 and 2011. In this study, we determined the blood transfusion trends in major pancreatic surgery in Finland.

Methods:

Initially, 1337 patients who underwent major pancreatic resections between 2002 and 2011 were classified into the TF+ or TF− groups. Centers were divided into high-, medium-, and low-volume centers. The blood transfusion trends and the trigger points for blood transfusions in these patients were determined.

Results:

There were no differences between high-, medium- and low-volume centers in blood usage, trigger points or the use of reserved blood units after pancreatoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy. However, the trigger points were lowered significantly during the study period at high-volume centers (p = 0.003), and a better use of reserved blood units was found in high- (p < 0.001) and medium-volume (p = 0.043) centers. In addition, a better use of reserved blood units was found in high-volume centers after distal pancreatectomy (p = 0.020)

Conclusion:

Although only minor changes in blood transfusion trends after pancreatoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy were found generally, the lowering of the transfusion trigger point and the best use of reserved blood units during the study period occurred in high-volume centers.
Influence of laser ablation-induced surface topology on the mechanical behaviour of aluminium bonded joints
Authors: Moroni F , Musiari F , Pirondi A
Published: November 2018

The state of the surface plays a crucial role in defining the mechanical properties of bonded joints, in particular, the chemical state of the adherend surface and its structural morphology have been proved to be the main elements of the bonding process. The structural morphology of the surface strictly depends from its topological features, like roughness, presence and distribution of grooves, homogeneity, etc. In a previous work, the effect provided by pulsed Yb-laser ablation on the mode I energy release rate of aluminium double cantilever beam joints was evaluated, in order to identify a relation between the combination of laser parameters and the morphological characteristics of the ablated surfaces which can support in identifying the optimal process configuration. The experimental tests showed that the fracture toughness of the double cantilever beam joints grew up as the surface roughness increased until a threshold value, after which the grooves resulted too narrow to allow the adhesive to completely fill them, inducing a higher amount of entrapped air into the grooves and therefore reducing the level of failure propagation energy. In this work, the problem dealing with the influence that the presence of air bubbles has over the mechanical behaviour of bonded joints was considered and the study went deeper into the investigation on the relation between laser-induced surface topology and mechanical response of joints. Different surface textures involving different directions and conditions of treatment were realized and their effect on the mechanical properties of aluminium bonded specimens was evaluated through experimental tests. The characterization of the treated surfaces was carried out by observing them with a 3D optical profiler and with SEM analysis and by measuring some geometrical features of the patterns created as a result of laser ablation.
‘You all look the same’: Non-Muslim men who suffer Islamophobic hate crime in the post-Brexit era
Authors: Awan Imran , Zempi Irene
Published: November 2018

Existing research on Islamophobic hate crime has examined in detail the verbal, physical and emotional attacks against Muslims. However, the experiences of non-Muslim men who suffer Islamophobic hate crime because they look Muslim remain ‘invisible’ in both official statistics and empirical research. Drawing on data from qualitative interviews with 20 non-Muslim men based in the United Kingdom, we examined their lived experiences of Islamophobic hate crime. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. A deductive approach to thematic analysis was adopted to analyse participants’ narratives, and six overarching themes were developed: (1) nature of Islamophobic hate crime; (2) triggers of Islamophobic hate crime; (3) impact of Islamophobic hate crime; (4) reporting incidents, responses and barriers to Islamophobic hate; (5) victims’ coping strategies; and (6) recommendations on tackling the problem. Our findings show that participants experienced Islamophobic hate crime because of ‘trigger’ events, namely the Brexit vote, Donald Trump’s presidency and ISIS-inspired terrorist attacks in European countries such as France, Germany, Sweden and the UK. Participants described being verbally and physically attacked, threatened and harassed as well as their property being damaged. The impacts upon victims included physical, emotional, psychological and economic damage. These experiences were also damaging to community cohesion and led to polarization between different communities in the UK.
The cut resistant characteristics of organic high-performance yarns and STF/yarns
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Yu Kejing , Zhang Diantang , Qian Kun
Published: November 2018

This paper mainly investigated the cut resistant property of shear thickening fluid enhanced organic high-performance yarn. Cut tests of neat yarn and shear thickening fluids/yarn were performed with two cutting angles. External forces involved in the cutting were analyzed. A simple theoretical relation was established based on the principle of the energy conversion. Two types of shear thickening fluids were prepared. Compared to neat yarn, the shear thickening fluids/yarn exhibited extremely high cut resistant property, especially, shear thickening fluids/yarn with graphene, indicating a synergistic effect. Fracture surfaces of fibers after yarns cut off were initially studied, which verified the cut resistant characteristics of organic high-performance yarns and shear thickening fluids/yarn.
New method for warp yarn arrangement and algorithm for pattern conversion for three-dimensional woven multilayered fabrics
Authors: Vorhof Michael , Weise Daniel , Sennewald Cornelia , Hoffmann Gerald
Published: November 2018

Three-dimensional fabrics have an enormous potential for the manufacturing of semi-finished products in a direct preforming procedure for fiber-reinforced materials. The production of these three-dimensional fabrics involves the processing of coarse reinforcing yarns with high warp density. However, conventional weaving looms have not been designed for such applications, and their maximal achievable warp yarn density is therefore severely limited. Friction and clamping between warp yarns impede the shedding process, and fragments of damaged or fibrillated fibers interfere with the weaving process. Most of the solutions for these issues, which has been presented so far, are based on noncommercial technologies or require extensive modification on standard weaving machines. Hence this paper proposes a new shedding method based on double flat steel heddles, which is suitable for the use in conventional weaving looms. The paper gives a detailed description of the new shedding method including the required materials and the technological framework. Furthermore, a suitable algorithm for the fast pattern conversion under consideration of the special technological framework and requirements of the shedding is presented.
Children’s Participation in Household Tasks: Caregiver Importance and Satisfaction
Authors: Drummond Adriana de França , Coster Wendy J. , Gomes Ana Maria Rabelo , Mancini Marisa Cotta
Published: November 2018

Attribution of importance and satisfaction with performance are key dimensions contributing to engagement in occupations. This study explored caregiver satisfaction with and importance attributed to the participation of their children and adolescents in household tasks. Participants included 109 caregivers of children and adolescents of both sexes, aged 6 to 14 years, from various socioeconomic levels. They were interviewed with two questions of the Children Helping Out: Responsibilities, Expectations and Supports (CHORES), with ratings of importance and satisfaction on Likert-type scales, and asked to explain their ratings. We examined the association between the two dimensions. Results showed no correlation between caregivers’ ratings of satisfaction and importance ( rs = .04; p = .699). The majority of caregivers evaluated their children’s participation in domestic care as very important, explaining in terms of the need for children’s autonomy in adulthood. Caregivers’ satisfaction was attributed to children’s attitudes. The expressed ideal of children’s future autonomy by caregivers is not converted to current engagement in household task.
Joint power allocation and subcarrier assignment for device to device in 5G time division duplex networks
Authors: Zhao Pan , Feng Lei , Yu Peng , Li Wenjing , Qiu Xuesong
Published: November 2018

The explosive demands for mobile broadband service bring a major challenge to 5G wireless networks. Device-to-device communication, adopting side links for user-direct communication, is regarded as a main technical source for offloading large volume of mobile traffic from cellular base station. This article investigates the joint power and subcarrier allocation scheme for device-to-device communication in 5G time division duplex systems. In time division duplex system, instead of utilizing an exclusive portion of the precious cellular spectrum, device-to-device pairs reuse the subcarriers occupied by cellular users, thus producing harmful interference to cellular users in both uplink and downlink communication, and strongly limiting the spectrum efficiency of the system. To this end, we focus on the maximization of device-to-device throughput while guaranteeing both uplink and downlink channel quality of service of cellular users as well as device-to-device pairs. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem. To make it tractable, we separate the original MINLP problem into two sub problems: power allocation and sub-carrier reusing. The former is to develop optimal power allocation for each device-to-device pair and each cellular user, with the constraints of maximum power and quality of service. It is solved by geometric programming technique in convex optimization method. The latter is derived as a one-to-many matching problem for scheduling multiple subcarriers occupied by cellulars to device-to-device pairs. It is solved by Hungarian method. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves system capacity of the device-to-device underlay network, with quality of service of both device-to-device users and cellular users guaranteed.
Use of an Interdisciplinary Student Medical Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program to Create Affordable Global Health Care Solutions
Authors: Gardner Laura J. , Brunson Justin , McIntyre Megan , Langell John
Published: November 2018

Background. Bench to Bedside is a 7-month-long medical innovation and entrepreneurship program at the University of Utah in which teams comprising students from various disciplines work together to identify health care problems and develop novel technology solutions. Student teams are provided a small prototyping budget, access to device development workshops, prototyping facilities, and expert faculty and industry mentors. Teams then compete for seed funding at the Bench to Bedside competition at the end of the program. In 2014, we created global health–specific resources, mentorship, guidance, and award incentives as a means to drive global health technology development in the program and then studied our impact after 6 years. Methods. We reviewed program data collected continuously between 2011 and 2018 to evaluate the impact of global health incentive initiatives on the development of global health–related technologies. We quantified the number of global health teams based on both team-declared data and objective evaluation of each competing technology. Results: The initiation of global health technology incentives was associated with an annual overall doubling of teams pursuing the development of global health–related technologies from an average of 11.4% to 24.8% ( P = .003). Conclusions. A student medical technology innovation program designed to address global health needs is an effective means of generating new solutions to improve global health care. The use of global health–specific awards and mentors raised awareness of the need for affordable global solutions and incentivized teams to pursue development.
Trust Across Culture and Context
Authors: Klein Helen Altman , Lin Mei-Hua , Miller Norma L. , Militello Laura G. , Lyons Joseph B. , Finkeldey Jessica Grace
Published: November 2018

Trust assessment can be difficult during cross-cultural social and professional interactions. Structured interviews were used to contrast how young adults from three culturally distinct samples evaluate trustworthiness: Malaysia (Chinese), an Asian group; Panama, a Latin American group; and the United States, a Western group. The role of context in trust judgments (e.g., school, work, social encounters, encounters with strangers, encounters with danger) on the assessment of trustworthiness was examined. Findings affirm the importance of Mayer’s constructs of ability, benevolence, and integrity—but benevolence and integrity appeared more often than expected in the U.S. sample and less often than expected in the Chinese/Malaysian sample. Hofstede’s power distance variable was frequently cited by the Chinese/Malaysian sample and less often by the U.S. sample. H. A. Klein’s cultural lens model includes affect, cited most by the Panamanians; nonverbal communication, cited least by the U.S. and most by the Chinese/Malaysian samples; and dialectical reasoning, cited most by the Chinese/Malaysian sample and hardly at all by the U.S. sample. The results document the important role of context for assessing trust. These results illustrate the risks of assuming that other cultures make judgments such as trust assessments the way that Western cultures do.
A Prospective, Randomized Trial Comparing Open and Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release Within the Same Patient
Authors: Michelotti Brett M. , Vakharia Kavita T. , Romanowsky Diane , Hauck Randy M.
Published: November 2018

Background: Surgical management of carpal tunnel syndrome includes performing an endoscopic (ECTR) or open (OCTR) carpal tunnel release. Several studies have shown less postoperative pain and improvement in grip and pinch strength with the endoscopic technique. The goal of this study was to prospectively examine outcomes, patient satisfaction, and complications after both ECTR and OCTR in the opposite hands of the same patient. Methods: This was a prospective study in which patients with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome underwent surgical release with both techniques, with initial operative approach randomized in the more symptomatic hand. Demographic data and functional outcomes were recorded, including the pain score, 2-point discrimination, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing, thenar strength testing, grip strength, carpal tunnel syndrome functional status score, carpal tunnel syndrome symptom severity score, and overall satisfaction. Results: Thirty patients completed the study; there were no significant differences in any measure at any of the postoperative time points. Symptom severity and functional status scores were not significantly different between groups at any evaluation. Subjectively, 24 of 30 patients did state they preferred the ECTR, mostly citing less pain as their primary reason, although pain scores were not significantly different. Differences in overall satisfaction were also not significant. Conclusions: Both techniques are well tolerated with no differences in outcomes. With the added cost and equipment associated with ECTR, and no added benefit, the usefulness of ECTR is questionable.
Interpreting Patient-Reported Outcome Results: Is One Minimum Clinically Important Difference Really Enough?
Authors: McCreary Dylan L. , Sandberg Benjamin C. , Bohn Debra C. , Parikh Harsh R. , Cunningham Brian P.
Published: November 2018

Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are the gold standard for reporting clinical outcomes in research. A crucial component of interpreting PROs is the minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) is a disease-specific PRO tool developed for use in distal radius fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of injury characteristics, treatment modality, and calculation methodology on the PRWE MCID in distal radius fractures. We hypothesize the MCID would be significantly influenced by each of these factors. Methods: From 2014 to 2016, 197 patients with a distal radius fracture were treated at a single level I trauma center. Each patient was asked to complete a PRWE survey at preoperative baseline, 6-week postoperative, and 12-week postoperative dates. The MCID was derived utilizing 2 distinct strategies, anchor and distribution. Anchor questions involved overall health anchor and mental and emotional health anchor. Patient variables regarding demographics, injury characteristics, and treatment modality were collected. Results: The MCID was unique between analytical methods at all time points. The distribution MCID presented commonality across assessed variables. However, the anchor MCID was unique by AO/OTA fracture classifications, treatment modality, and time points. Conclusions: Our study found the MCID was heavily influenced by assessment time points, analytical method, treatment modality, and fracture classification. These results suggest that to accurately interpret PRO data in clinical trials, an anchor question should be included so that the MCID can be determined for the specific patient population included in the study.
Intravenous Regional Anesthesia Using a Forearm Tourniquet: A Safe and Effective Technique for Outpatient Hand Procedures
Authors: Vaughn Natalie , Rajan Niraja , Darowish Michael
Published: November 2018

Background: Bier block provides anesthesia of an entire extremity distal to the tourniquet without necessitating direct injection at the surgical site. This avoids obscuring anatomy with local anesthetic and anesthetizes a wide area, allowing for multiple procedures and incisions. We hypothesize that a low-volume Bier block with forearm tourniquet, rather than a traditional brachial tourniquet, is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective anesthesia technique. Methods: All cases in which adult patients underwent hand procedures using Bier block anesthesia by a single surgeon over a 4-year period were reviewed. Data collected included patient demographics, procedure(s) performed, complications, tourniquet time and settings, procedure and in-room time, and supplemental medications administered. Results: In all, 319 patients were included, 103 from a university hospital and 216 from an ambulatory surgery center. The most commonly performed procedures were carpal tunnel release (205 cases) and trigger digit release (83 cases). Most patients received a 125-mg dose of lidocaine for the Bier block; many also received additional sedatives. Twenty-three patients received no additional medications. No patients required conversion to general anesthesia. One complication (0.3%) occurred, with paresthesias and tinnitus that resolved without intervention. The average tourniquet time was 24 minutes (SD = 4.3 minutes). Patients were discharged at a median of 49 minutes postoperatively, and 9.1% of patients received supplemental analgesics prior to discharge. Conclusions: Regional anesthesia achieved with a forearm tourniquet and intravenous local anesthetic provides adequate pain control, permits timely discharge home, and has a low complication rate. It should be considered for use in outpatient hand procedures.
Green Platinum Nanoparticles Interaction With HEK293 Cells: Cellular Toxicity, Apoptosis, and Genetic Damage
Authors: Almeer Rafa S. , Ali Daoud , Alarifi Saud , Alkahtani Saad , Almansour Mansour
Published: November 2018

Metal nanoparticles are widely used in industry, agriculture, textiles, drugs, and so on. The adverse effect of green platinum nanoparticles on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells is not well established. In the current study, green platinum nanoparticles were synthesized using leaf extract of Azadirachta indica L. Green platinum nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope. The cytotoxicity of green platinum nanoparticle was observed in HEK293 cells by applying 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and Neutral red uptake (NRU) assays. Cell viability of the cells was decreased in a concentration and duration-dependent manner. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HEK293 cells due to green platinum nanoparticles was examined using fluorescent dye 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), and ROS was increased according to exposure pattern. The cytotoxicity of HEK293 cells was correlated with increased caspase 3, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA fragmentation. The abovementioned finding confirmed that mitochondria play an important role in genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by nanoparticles in HEK293 cells. Further, we determined other oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxide (LPO) and glutathione (GSH); LPO was increased and GSH was decreased in HEK293 cells. It is also important to indicate that HEK293 cells appear to be more susceptible to green platinum nanoparticles exposure after 24 hours. This result provides a dose- and time-dependent apoptosis and genotoxicity of green nanoparticles on HEK293 cells.
Sodium Dichloroacetate Pharmacological Effect as Related to Na–K–2Cl Cotransporter Inhibition in Rats
Authors: Stanevičiūtė Jūratė , Juknevičienė Milda , Palubinskienė Jolita , Balnytė Ingrida , Valančiūtė Angelija , Vosyliūtė Rūta , Sužiedėlis Kęstutis , Lesauskaitė Vaiva , Stakišaitis Donatas
Published: November 2018

The study objective was to investigate a possible sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) pharmacological mechanism causing an increase in diuresis in rats. The aim was to define characteristics of 24-hour urinary Na+, K+, Cl−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ excretion in Wistar male rats and to evaluate effect of a single-dose DCA and repeated DCA dosage on diuresis. Six control and 6 DCA-treated male rats aged 5 to weeks after a single DCA dose and repeated dosage were tested. The single DCA dose treatment caused a significantly higher 24-hour diuresis when compared to control ( P < .05), and it was related to increased Cl−, Na+, and K+ urine excretion and a significant increase in Ca2+ and Mg2+ excretion ( P < .05); after the repeated 4-week DCA dosage, the diuresis was not increased, but the excretion of the Na+, Cl−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions was significantly higher. Kidney immunohistochemistry has revealed that DCA continuous treatment results in an increase in the size of Henle loop thick ascending limb epithelial cells ( P < .001). The study results show a significantly reduced RNA expression of Na-K-2Cl co-transporter (NKCC1) in thymus of 4-week DCA-treated rats ( P < .03). The study data have indicated a possible mechanism of such pharmacological effect to be NKCC inhibition.
Exploring Liming and Ole Talk as a Culturally Relevant Methodology for Researching With Caribbean People
Authors: Nakhid-Chatoor Margaret , Nakhid Camille , Wilson Shakeisha , Santana Anabel Fernandez
Published: November 2018

This article explores the necessity of developing a qualitative research methodology grounded in Caribbean peoples’ worldviews and interactions. It presents the epistemology and ontology of liming and ole talk to show their natural employment in qualitative research settings. Liming offers an opportunity for social engagement and provides a culturally relevant purpose, environment, and space in which ole talk can take place. Ole talk is presented as a uniquely Caribbean way of engaging with one another in small or large groups. The potential of liming and ole talk to create new ways to research and share knowledge is discussed. Through a brief analysis of two limes, this article proposes liming and ole talk as an authentic research methodology for researching Caribbean peoples and their contexts.
Comparison of clear effect and the complications, and short and mid-term effects between ultrasound-guided and non-guided catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity
Authors: Zhu Chengyan , Zhuo Huawei , Qin Yi , Zhang Weiwei , Qiu Junlan , Ran Feng
Published: November 2018

Objective

To compare the therapeutic effects of ultrasound-guided and non-guided catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity.

Methods

From August 2015 to April 2016, 60 patients with lower extremity deep venous thrombosis were randomly divided into two groups ( n = 30 for each) to receive catheter-directed thrombolysis. Group A was treated under the ultrasound guidance, while Group B was treated without guidance.

Results

Catheter-directed thrombolysis was successfully performed by only one intubate in Group A but by 5.9 intubates in Group B. It took 15.4 ± 3.2 min in Group A, significantly less than that in Group B (30.8 ± 6.6 min, p < 0.05). The incidences of hematoma were also remarkably different between the two groups (3.33% vs. 26.67%, p = 0.026). No pseudoaneurysm or arteriovenous fistula was found in Group A, but there were two cases of pseudoaneurysm and two cases of arteriovenous fistula in Group B (both 6.67%, p = 0.492). The circumference differences of the affected limb between before and after thrombolysis were 49.47 ± 2.484 mm in Group A, significantly higher than that in Group B (28.40 ± 2.856 mm, p < 0.001). After treatment, the venous unobstructed improvement rates and deep vein patency rate were both better than those in Group B (77 + 2.603% vs. 57.23 + 1.828% and 80% vs. 46.67%, respectively; p < 0.001). There were only three cases of PTS in Group A (10%, 3/30), but there were 11 cases in Group B (36.67%, 11/30).

Conclusion

Ultrasound-guided catheter-directed thrombolysis has advantages, with improvement of venous patency and decrease of the incidence of PTS.