bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trimetazidine protects against acute indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal, hepatic, and renal injury in rats
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq, Yahya Momenah M. , Althanoon Zeina A. ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Published: October 2024

Background: Peptic ulcers are increasingly reported as a challenging disease in clinical settings. Several medications are employed in the management of peptic ulcers. Thus far, there is no medication devoid of any adverse effects that may achieve a 100% curative rate or provide a total remedy for the ailment. Aim: We aimed to examine the healing effects of trimetazidine against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in albino rats. Methodology: A total of 25 rats were used, divided into five groups (each group contained five rats): a negative control group that was only treated with distilled water, a positive control group that was only treated with a single dose of indomethacin (30 mg/kg) orally, a group that received indomethacin (30 mg/kg) and low doses of trimetazidine (17.5 mg/kg) orally, a group that received indomethacin (30 mg/kg) and medium doses of trimetazidine (35 mg/kg) orally, and a group that received indomethacin (30 mg/kg) and high doses of trimetazidine (52.5 mg/kg) orally. The induction of gastric ulcers occurred on the first day of the experiment through the administered indomethacin and, subsequently, the rats were treated orally with either trimetazidine or distilled water, three times daily, for 7 days. Serum urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and albumin levels were measured. Stomachs were excised from the rats’ bodies and opened along the greater curvature; they were then rinsed with saline, extended on a white corkboard, and examined macroscopically. The stomach tissues were also processed in order to generate microscopic slides for microscopical examination. Results: Indomethacin administration caused multiple ulcerations in the gastric mucosa, significant elevations in serum urea, creatinine, AST, and ALT levels, and a significant reduction of the serum albumin levels. The treatment with trimetazidine significantly healed the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin can induce substantial gastric ulcers, which may be linked to a direct toxic effect on the histological architecture of the gastric linings in addition to the reduction of blood flow to gastric mucosa; this effect can be treated by administration of trimetazidine. Ultimately, this study suggests that administering the optimal dosage of trimetazidine can be advantageous in treating stomach ulcers caused by NSAIDs. Moreover, the study suggests that the indomethacin-induced liver and renal dysfunction can also be alleviated by the use of trimetazidine.
FORMULAS OF CRIMINAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Kogamov M.Ch.
Published: October 2024

In this article, the author advocates for the introduction of the institute of criminal offenses into the Criminal Code of Kazakhstan. The author argues that the shortened procedures for investigating these offenses by criminal prosecution authorities and their consideration in courts have led to serious violations of the principle of legality and a significant increase in the volume of criminal procedural activities by the bodies conducting criminal proceedings.

The establishment of this institute of criminal law occurred without a critical examination of foreign practices and lacked a thorough scientific, legal, criminological, and economic analysis of the issue.

Through an analysis of the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of Kazakhstan (CRCoAP) and the Criminal Code, the author supports the viewpoint that abolishing the institution of criminal offenses would help resolve the issues within criminal law, particularly in clearly distinguishing crimes from administrative offenses.

The article criticizes the legislator's move away from employing the institution of administrative prejudice in criminal law, which had been regarded as an effective preventive measure for differentiating administrative offenses from crimes. The author emphasizes the need to restore this approach within Kazakh criminal law.

Additionally, the article addresses the long-debated topic in legal science that underpins the differentiation between administrative offenses and crimes.
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSITION COUNTRIES: BALTIC STATES AND CIS COUNTRIES AS EXAMPLE
Authors: Ivanov Konstantin
Published: October 2024

The article examines the development of international commercial arbitration in countries with economies in transition, focusing on its role within the dispute resolution system, the legislative framework, and future development prospects. It analyzes international commercial arbitration through the lens of local institutions as a potential avenue for growth in these economies.

Key issues addressed include the legality of drafting arbitration clauses, the enforcement of arbitration awards, and the application of the New York Convention in various contexts. The challenges surrounding judicial and arbitration proceedings are particularly complex. Kazakhstan, like many other states, is actively reforming its legal regulation of the economic sector. A strong judicial system is essential for economic development, entry into foreign markets, and attracting investment.

For many years, international arbitration has served as an effective and convenient means for entrepreneurs to resolve foreign economic disputes. The existence and operation of international arbitration within a country is a positive indicator for the market. Statistics suggest that an effective and competitive legal framework for international arbitration, along with new tools such as in-depth analysis and remote formats, not only attracts local market participants but may also position the country as a regional center for international arbitration.

Countries with developing economies have been proactively modifying their judicial systems. In the Baltic states, for instance, reforms have been multi-tiered, leading to the elimination of state economic courts. A major attraction for individuals from various countries to submit disputes to arbitration is the flexibility of the arbitration process.

However, the distinctions between arbitration and judicial proceedings extend beyond procedural differences; they also pertain to the merits of the parties' cases. In international arbitration, the law applicable to the merits is determined by provisions that differ from standard statutory conflict of law rules. Depending on the arbitration law of the jurisdiction, the statute of private international law may be encapsulated in a single provision: “in the absence of a choice by the parties, the arbitral tribunal will apply the rules of law it deems appropriate.”
Unpacking Needs Protection
Authors: Wang Ruize , Ngo Kalle , Gärtner Joel , Dubrova Elena
Published: October 2024

Most of the previous attacks on Dilithium exploit side-channel information which is leaked during the computation of the polynomial multiplication cs1, where s1 is a small-norm secret and c is a verifier's challenge. In this paper, we present a new attack utilizing leakage during secret key unpacking in the signing algorithm. The unpacking is also used in other post-quantum cryptographic algorithms, including Kyber, because inputs and outputs of their API functions are byte arrays. Exploiting leakage during unpacking is more challenging than exploiting leakage during the computation of cs1 since c varies for each signing, while the unpacked secret key remains constant. Therefore, post-processing is required in the latter case to recover a full secret key. We present two variants of post-processing. In the first one, a half of the coefficients of the secret s1 and the error s2 is recovered by profiled deep learning-assisted power analysis and the rest is derived by solving linear equations based on t = As1 + s2, where A and t are parts of the public key. This case assumes knowledge of the least significant bits of t, t0. The second variant uses lattice reduction to derive s1 without the knowledge of t0. However, it needs a larger portion of s1 to be recovered by power analysis. We evaluate both variants on an ARM Cortex-M4 implementation of Dilithium-2. The experiments show that the attack assuming the knowledge of t0 can recover s1 from a single trace captured from a different from profiling device with a non-negligible probability.
Plaintext-based Side-channel Collision Attack
Authors: Wu Lichao , Tiran Sébastien , Perin Guilherme , Picek Stjepan
Published: October 2024

Side-channel Collision Attacks (SCCA) is a classical method that exploits information dependency leaked during cryptographic operations. Unlike collision attacks that seek instances where two different inputs to a cryptographic algorithm yield identical outputs, SCCAs specifically target the internal state, where identical outputs are more likely. Although SCCA does not rely on the pre-assumption of the leakage model, it explicitly operates on precise trace segments reflecting the target operation, which is challenging to perform when the leakage measurements are noisy. Besides, its attack performance may vary dramatically, as it relies on selecting a reference byte (and its corresponding leakages) to “collide” other bytes. A poor selection would lead to many bytes unrecoverable. These two facts make its real-world application problematic.

This paper addresses these challenges by introducing a novel plaintext-based SCCA. We leverage the bijective relationship between plaintext and secret data, using plaintext as labels to train profiling models to depict leakages from varying operations. By comparing the leakage representations produced by the profiling model instead of the leakage segmentation itself, all secret key differences can be revealed simultaneously without processing leakage traces. Furthermore, we propose a novel error correction scheme to rectify false predictions further. Experimental results show that our approach significantly surpasses the state-of-the-art SCCA in both attack performance and computational complexity (e.g., training time reduced from approximately three hours to five minutes). These findings underscore our method's effectiveness and practicality in real-world attack scenarios.
Lower Bound on Number of Compression Calls of a Collision-Resistance Preserving Hash
Authors: Chakraborty Debasmita , Nandi Mridul
Published: October 2024

The collision-resistant hash function is an early cryptographic primitive that finds extensive use in various applications. Remarkably, the Merkle-Damgård and Merkle tree hash structures possess the collision-resistance preserving property, meaning the hash function remains collision-resistant when the underlying compression function is collision-resistant. This raises the intriguing question of whether reducing the number of underlying compression function calls with the collision-resistance preserving property is possible. In pursuit of addressing these inquiries, we prove that for an

ℓ

n

-to-

s
n

-bit collision-resistance preserving hash function designed using

r

t
n

-to-

n

-bit compression function calls, we must have

r
≥
⌈
(
ℓ
−
s
)
/
(
t
−
1
)
⌉

. Throughout the paper, all operations other than the compression function are assumed to be linear (which we call linear hash mode).
Slalom at the Carnival: Privacy-preserving Inference with Masks from Public Knowledge
Authors: Bruhns Ida , Berndt Sebastian , Sander Jonas , Eisenbarth Thomas
Published: October 2024

Machine learning applications gain more and more access to highly sensitive information while simultaneously requiring more and more computation resources. Hence, the need for outsourcing these computational expensive tasks while still ensuring security and confidentiality of the data is imminent. In their seminal work, Tramer and Boneh presented the Slalom protocol for privacy-preserving inference by splitting the computation into a data-independent preprocessing phase and a very efficient online phase. In this work, we present a new method to significantly speed up the preprocessing phase by introducing the Carnival protocol. Carnival leverages the pseudo-randomness of the Subset sum problem to also enable efficient outsourcing during the preprocessing phase. In addition to a security proof we also include an empirical study analyzing the landscape of the uniformity of the output of the Subset sum function for smaller parameters. Our findings show that Carnival is a great candidate for real-world implementations.
Capybara and Tsubaki: Verifiable Random Functions from Group Actions and Isogenies
Authors: Lai Yi-Fu
Published: October 2024

In this work, we introduce two post-quantum Verifiable Random Function (VRF) constructions based on abelian group actions and isogeny group actions with a twist. The former relies on the standard group action Decisional Diffie-Hellman (GA-DDH) assumption. VRFs serve as cryptographic tools allowing users to generate pseudorandom outputs along with publicly verifiable proofs. Moreover, the residual pseudorandomness of VRFs ensures the pseudorandomness of unrevealed inputs, even when multiple outputs and proofs are disclosed. Our work aims at addressing the growing demand for post-quantum VRFs, as existing constructions based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) or classical DDH-type assumptions are vulnerable to quantum threats.

In our contributions, our two VRF constructions, rooted in number-theoretic pseudorandom functions, are both simple and secure over the random oracle model. We introduce a new proof system for the factorization of group actions and set elements, serving as the proofs for our VRFs. The first proposal is based on the standard GA-DDH problem, and for its security proof, we introduce the (group action) master Decisional Diffie-Hellman problem over group actions, proving its equivalence to the standard GA-DDH problem. In the second construction, we leverage quadratic twists to enhance efficiency, reducing the key size and the proof sizes, expanding input size. The scheme is based on the square GA-DDH problem.

Moreover, we employ advanced techniques from the isogeny literature to optimize the proof size to 39KB and 34KB using CSIDH-512 without compromising VRF notions. The schemes feature fast evaluations but exhibit slower proof generation. To the best of our knowledge, these constructions represent the first two provably secure VRFs based on isogenies.
Improving Differential-Neural Cryptanalysis
Authors: Zhang Liu , Wang Zilong , Wang Baocang
Published: October 2024

Our first objective is to enhance the capabilities of differential-neural distinguishers by applying more deep-learning techniques, focusing on handling more rounds and improving accuracy. Inspired by the Inception Block in GoogLeNet, we adopted a design that uses multiple parallel convolutional layers with varying kernel sizes before the residual block to capture multi-dimensional information. Additionally, we expanded the convolutional kernels in the residual blocks, enlarging the network's receptive field. In the case of Speck32/64, our efforts yield accuracy improvements in rounds 6, 7, and 8, enabling the successful training of a 9-round differential-neural distinguisher. As for Simon32/64, we developed a differential-neural distinguisher capable of effectively handling 12 rounds while achieving noteworthy accuracy enhancements in rounds 9, 10, and 11.

Additionally, we utilized neutral bits to ensure the required data distribution for launching a successful key recovery attack when using multiple-ciphertext pairs as input for the neural network. Meanwhile, we redefined the formula for time complexity based on the differences in prediction speeds of the distinguisher between a single-core CPU and a GPU. Combining these various advancements allows us to considerably reduce the time and data complexity of key recovery attacks on 13-round Speck32/64. Furthermore, we used knowledge distillation techniques to reduce the model size, accelerating the distinguisher's prediction speed and reducing the time complexity. In particular, we achieved a successful 14-round key recovery attack by exhaustively guessing a 1-round subkey. For Simon32/64, we accomplished a 17-round key recovery attack for the first time and reduced the time complexity of the 16-round key recovery attack.
Correlation between vertical dimension of occlusion and length of fingers in dentate subjects.
Authors: Paras Talpur  , Maria Syed  , Atif Jawad  , Champa  , Rajkumar Rathore  , Nourain
Published: October 2024

Objective: To determine whether there is a correlation between finger length and the vertical dimension of occlusion in dentate individuals attending the prosthodontics department at Muhammad Dental College, Mirpurkhas.Methodology: During this cross-sectional study 2023-2024, 218 patients with crown & bridge were included. Clinical an-thropometric measures were taken. The subjects received instructions to softly bite on their back teeth, keep their lips in passive contact, and keep their heads well-stabilized in order to retrieve the VDO. A Vernier caliper was then used to measure the distance. Each parameter was measured three times and average value was recorded.Results: Average age of the patients was 25.39±2.58 years. The parameters for index finger length (r=0.669; p=0.0005), little finger length (r=0.666; p=0.0005), and the length of the tip of the thumb and the index finger (r =0.663; p=0.0005) had the highest correlations with VDO.Conclusion: It is concluded that this procedure is simple, cost-effective, and non-invasive, therefore it might be used in routine practice to ascertain the vertical dimension of occlusion.
Keywords: Dentistry practice, Vertical dimension of occlusion, Prosthodontic therapy
A Crucible of IoT Applications and Services and the Gambia Revenue Generation
Authors: Kingsley Oghenekevwe Ogbeta , Faruk Abubakar , Sawaneh Banna
Published: October 2024

The study investigated the relationship between Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services and The Gambia revenue generation, tax evasion and tax compliance respectively. It identified the challenges impeding the adoption and implementation of IoT applications and services in the revenue generation processes by the Gambia Revenue Authority (GRA). Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Questionnaire and interview were used to generate the primary data. The study population (2188) comprised senior and mid-tier management personnel from the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs (MoFEA), staff members of The Gambia Revenue Authority, and the corporate taxpayers. The sampling approach used in this study was multistage. Personnel from the MoFEA and GRA were purposively selected, while corporate taxpayers were randomly selected. Their populations were then divided into various strata to ensure fair representation. Respondents were randomly picked from each stratum. To ensure an appropriate sample size, 327 individuals were selected. Data obtained were analysed using multiple regression, correlation coefficient, and simple regression analysis. Qualitative analyses were done on the interview responses. The study revealed that connectivity, networking, and data collection improve revenue generation, while increased IoT adoption and higher data utilisation and infrastructure investment reduce tax evasion and boost tax compliance. However, implementation of the IoT has encountered challenges in the form of technological barriers, financial constraints, and skill gaps. In view of these, investment must be made in enhancing connectivity and networking infrastructure, training staff in data analytics and cyber-security to optimise IoT data usage and boost IoT adoption through inducements and awareness programs. The study concluded that IOT applications and services are in the right direction to revolutionise The Gambia revenue generation.
Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Larynx: An Atypical Case Presentation
Authors: Hoq Dr. Tania , Sultana Dr. Suriana , Begum Dr. Sonya , Afroz Trina Dr. Shamima , Manzur Kader Dr. Kazi
Published: October 2024

Neuroendocrine tumors account for <1% of all malignant tumors that can originate from any part of the body, most frequently diagnosed in the lung. Extrapulmonary presentation is rare, common sites are genitourinary and gastrointestinal. According to the 2017 WHO proposed classification, small cell type (SCNEC) is a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. The most common site in the head and neck is the larynx, accounts for <0.6%. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas are extremely rare entity of laryngeal cancers. We report a case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of larynx.
Derecho y Educación en la era de la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Arana Vera Stalin Patricio , Miranda Alvarado Corina Lourdes , Suárez Farías Walter Manuel
Published: October 2024

El texto se integra de varios capítulos, profundamente investigados y escritos, que abordan temáticas interesantes que delinean el presente y futuro de nuestras instituciones educativas y jurídicas; en sus líneas se examinan las maneras en que la inteligencia artificial esta transformando el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, desde la personalización de la educación hasta la implementación de sistemas de tutoría inteligentes. El ámbito jurídico no es ajeno a esta revolución tecnológica, por ello se analiza también la importancia de la IA en el derecho y en la administración de justicia. La utilización de algoritmos en el análisis de casos, la predicción de resultados judiciales y la automatización de procesos legales son solo algunas de las transformaciones que este libro discute con rigor y profundidad.
PREVENÇÃO E CONTROLE DO DIABETES GESTACIONAL NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Santos Marlon Araújo dos , Corsini Fellipe Portugal Fontanezzi , Souza Vitoria Ilana Rodrigues de , Morando Victória Torres Ruas , Barbosa Ruan Victor Costa , Maciel Amanda Costa
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Descrever, de acordo com a literatura, as medidas de prevenção e controle do DMG que podem ser aplicadas na atenção primária à saúde. Metodologia: Pesquisa bibliográfica, de natureza qualitativa, embasada na busca eletrônica dos artigos indexados no LILACS e SciELO , publicados entre 2019 e 2024, utilizando os seguintes descritores localizados na lista de Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DECs): "Prevenção", "Controle", "Diabetes Gestacional", "Atenção Primária" e em manuais do Ministério da Saúde para embasamento da prática profissional Resultados e Discussões: O acompanhamento pré-natal na atenção primária é crucial para prevenir e diagnosticar precocemente o DMG, já que o diagnóstico precoce permite a adoção de medidas terapêuticas para evitar complicações como pré-eclâmpsia e diabetes pós- parto. O tratamento envolve medidas farmacológicas, como a insulina, e não farmacológicas, como exercícios físicos e dieta balanceada, sendo essencial o engajamento da gestante no acompanhamento pré-natal para reduzir os riscos para ambos. Medidas de prevenção, como o rastreamento durante o pré-natal e a adoção de hábitos saudáveis, são fundamentais para garantir uma gravidez saudável e prevenir complicações futuras. Conclusão: O cuidado durante o pré-natal e a adesão às recomendações para controle glicêmico e estilo de vida saudável são cruciais para mitigar os riscos do DMG. As Diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde e da OMS oferecem orientações claras para diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento, enfatizando uma abordagem multidisciplinar. O apoio contínuo e a educação são fundamentais para garantir uma gestação saudável, reduzindo complicações para mãe e bebê.
EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE PARA DIAGNÓSTICO E PREVENÇÃO DO CÂNCER DE ÚTERO NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Corsini Fellipe Portugal Fontanezzi , Grillo Viviane Aparecida de Souza , Costa Amanda de Carvalho , Maciel Amanda Costa
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Investigar a incidência do câncer do colo do útero e identificar os fatores de risco que influenciam seu desenvolvimento. Além disso, aborda a importância da educação em saúde na prevenção da doença. Metodologia: Pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa que analisa conteúdos publicados em base de dados sobre práticas de educação em saúde para o diagnóstico e prevenção do câncer de útero. Resultados: A cobertura do exame de Papanicolau é menor entre mulheres de baixa renda e nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. A falta de conhecimento sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) entre adolescentes e o desconhecimento das mulheres sobre os fatores de risco e a prevenção do câncer de colo de útero contribuem para a persistência da patologia. Conclusão: É necessário intensificar as atividades educativas para melhorar o entendimento das mulheres sobre o CCU e promover a prevenção como parte do autocuidado, além de focar em campanhas para o exame citopatológico.
Multi-spatial Resolution Imagery to Estimate Above-Ground Carbon Stocks in Mangrove Forests
Authors: Purnamasari Eva , Kamal Muhammad , Wicaksono Pramaditya , Hidayatullah Muhammad Faqih , Susetyo Bigharta Bekti
Published: October 2024

Mangroves are a type of vegetation that can absorb carbon and have an essential role in controlling CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Mangroves can absorb carbon better than terrestrial ecosystems because of their ability to bury carbon in sediment. This research aims to compare and measure the carbon stock content above the surface of mangroves in the field using multi-spatial resolution imagery, namely, Landsat 8 OLI, Sentinel 2A, and Planetscope. Field carbon calculations were carried out using the allometric method based on mangrove species. The calculation results are then linked through regression analysis with the vegetation index Difference Vegetation Index (DVI) results. The total carbon obtained from PlanetScope imagery was 535.27 tons, Sentinel 2A imagery was 549.23 tons, and Landsat 8 OLI imagery was 533.57 tons. Among the three images used, based on Sentinel 2A statistical analysis reflects the possibility of overfitting or the best with higher r and R2 values in the calculations. However, based on SE accuracy tests, PlanetScope has better accuracy than the other two images. Apart from that, the accuracy test results using a 1:1 goodness of fit plot for each image, the distribution pattern of mangrove carbon stock estimates shows that the entire model in mapping mangrove carbon stocks is over-estimated. The overestimated results are possible because more objects around the mangrove, especially canopy density, are recorded by remote sensing sensors compared to tree diameter as input for field carbon results.
Modern Prospects for the Application of Mechatronics and Robotics Capabilities
Authors: Aliyev Aydin , Yalchinkaya Abdulkadir
Published: October 2024

This article explores the application of mechatronics and robotics capabilities. In recent years a new quickly developing scientific and technical activity was created. It is called Mechatronics and represents an innovative field of science and equipment where the high-precision mechanics connects to the same exact electronics under control of the most modern computer programs [1],[2]. As a result difficult mechanisms of computer motion control with tremendous functionality are created. Industrial robots are striking examples of such mechanisms. Besides, there are mechanisms of retracting plane flaps and the chassis, many systems of a modern car and "smart houses". Technical and technological progress is impossible without mechatronics [3],[4]. Robotics and industrial automatic equipment in various branches of economy, automation of technological processes, systems of planning and business management, automation of transport, dispatching and other systems falls within the scope of its interests. Nowadays “Mechatronics” is one of the most demanded educational majors in the world. Mechatronics specialists are demanded in different areas: in power engineering, machine-tool design and production of the equipment, automation of technological processes, robotics and automotive industry. Security systems, military equipment, the medical equipment can't be designed without mechatronics.
SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCE DRIVERS: ANALYSING THE IMPACT ON ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF UNIVERSITY EMPLOYEES IN PUNJAB
Authors:   CT University, Ludhiana, Ahuja Vishal , Dhami Jasdeep Kaur ,   CT University, Ludhiana
Published: October 2024

Many businesses are using social networking sites to try to change how people behave, but not many studies have looked into how these tactics influence the online purchasing habits of university workers throughout India. Therefore, this study examines the impact of social media marketing on the online shopping habits of university staff in Punjab. It focuses on how different demographics factors affect how often and how much people buy. Despite extensive research on the general impact of social media on buyer behaviour, the effects on Indian university workers have received less attention. This gap highlights the need for more focused research to enhance the effectiveness of marketing plans and understand the impact of social media on this specific group of individuals. The research employed quantitative methods, polling 673 workers from several universities in Punjab and analysing the data through multiple regression and other statistical techniques. We looked at major factors such as age, gender, ease of shopping, competitive price, number of choices, response to ads, and yearly income. The results show that gender, how simple it is to buy something, and income have a big effect on how people buy things online. Average age, price competition, number of options, and ad engagement have less impact. These results indicate that marketing strategies that prioritize ease of purchase and cater to specific gender and class groups are likely to yield better results.
Categorização de alimentos fonte de vitamina D consumidos pela população brasileira
Authors: de J. Paduam Falcão Milena , Marques Vianna Lucia , Mesquita da Silveira Glória Regina
Published: October 2024

Introdução: O termo vitamina D abrange um grupo de compostos derivados do 7-dehidrocolesterol (7-DHC), que dão origem a vitamina D3. A vitamina D pode ser obtida através de biossíntese ou dieta contribuindo com cerca de 80-90% e 10-20%, respectivamente. Apesar da magnitude que a biossíntese tem no estado nutricional desta vitamina, recentes trabalhos vêm apontando para estados de deficiência ou de insuficiência, confirmando a necessidade de não se desprezar o aporte de vitamina D pela dieta. Objetivo: Identificar e categorizar as fontes alimentares de vitamina D. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo secundário usando dados da Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos para obter os alimentos que contêm Vitamina D, e literatura cinzenta para identificar alimentos fortificados. Foi aplicado o modelo de categorização de alimentos fonte proposto por Philippi e os critérios do Ministério da Saúde para os alimentos fortificados. Adotou-se a Ingestão Diária Recomendada (IDR) de 600 UI indicada para população adulta para verificar o percentual de adequação em uma porção do alimento. Nos alimentos fontes, as porções foram definidas de acordo com Philippi. Resultados: Observou-se que, entre os pescados, apenas os peixes foram classificados como fontes de vitamina D. Além disso, somente alimentos de origem animal alcançaram os níveis necessários para serem considerados fontes adequadas, com destaque para os peixes, pois poucos cortes de carne bovina e suína atingiram os níveis mínimos exigidos. O grupo dos laticínios apareceu em todas as três categorias de fontes nutricionais. Conclusão: Constatou-se que a aplicação do Modelo de Categorização revelou com mais exatidão as fontes alimentares de vitamina D e torna-se uma ferramenta útil na prática do nutricionista. Palavras-chave: Consumo alimentar; matriz alimentar; vitamina D.
Production Risk of Hybrid Maize in Sugihmanik Village, Tanggungharjo Subdistrict, Grobogan Regency (Case Study: Faisal Tani Store)
Authors: Retno Mulyanti Dwi , Atmaja Faisal Rizky
Published: October 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of production factors on hybrid corn production and to assess the level of production risk in Sugihmanik Village, Tanggungharjo District, Grobogan Regency (Case Study: Faisal Tani Store). The research adopts a quantitative approach with a sample of 69 hybrid corn farmers. The data analysis method utilized the Cobb-Douglas production function with multiple linear regression and coefficient of variation analysis. Data processing was conducted using SPSS 25. The results indicated that capital, land area, and labor factors collectively influence hybrid corn production. In addition, the land area and labor variables were found to have a significant effect on hybrid corn production, while the capital variable did not show a significant effect. The coefficient of variation (CV) for production risk in hybrid corn farming in Sugihmanik Village, Tanggungharjo District, Grobogan Regency (Case Study: Faisal Tani Store) was 0.33, indicating a low level of production risk.
RESSOURCES HYDROELECTRIQUES DE LA REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO DANS LA DYNAMIQUE DU DEVELOPPEMENT INDUSTRIEL D’AFRIQUE
Authors:   Assistante de deuxième mandat et Doctorante en Relations Internationales à l’Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN)/Kinshasa-RDC, BINTI Pulchery MAMBA
Published: October 2024

L’objectif poursuivit dans cet article est de connaitre l’apport de la République Démocratique du Congo dans le processus du développement et de l’industrialisation de l’Afrique, car il est sans ignorer que l’on ne peut aborder la question du développement sans aborder celle de l’industrialisation. Pour ce faire, il analyse les capacités en énergie que détient la République Démocratique du Congo pouvant lui permettre d’alimenter les Etats africains en énergie électrique en vue de parvenir à un développement industriel, ensuite il étudie certaines possibilités de distribution de l’énergie électrique en Afrique et enfin, il propose des pistes de solutions qui permettraient à la République Démocratique du Congo de devenir le pivot du développement industriel en Afrique. Mots-clés : hydroélectricité, développement industriel, RDC, Afrique.
The Role of Public Relations in Maintaining the Existence of the General Hospital Sayang Bunda Makassar
Authors: Andi Khairul Musyawir  , Indrayanto Indrayanto
Published: October 2024

Background : The problem found at the Sayang Bunda Makassar General Hospital was a decrease in patients after the end of COVID-19 in 2023, there were visit data of 147 patients in January – July. Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the role of Public Relations in increasing the existence of the hospital. Method : This type of research used qualitative research methods. Methods collected documentation data and in-depth interviews to Result : The research results obtained at the general hospital unfortunately have not been fulfilled in terms of social activities which were only held in 2020, as for the results of observations of social activities and published on social media, this provides satisfaction that the service at the general hospital unfortunately has not collaborated with BPJS insurance, as for communication through media, it has not been fulfilled so that the internet is widely used, social media such as Instagram, as well as the educational dimension when carrying out activities.   such as handling mass circumcisions or providing direct health services. Suggestion : The hospital needs to improve marketing management by digitalizing marketing, promoting health through electronic media as well as re-organizing social activities, improving facilities and infrastructure as well as access to payment via card (JKN-KIS) at Sayang Bunda General Hospital.
The Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Sleep Quality in Youth of GMIM “Eben Haezar” Kaaten Congregation
Authors: Greita Marya Selina Timpal
Published: October 2024

Sleep is a vital process for human recovery, occurring predominantly during rest. High-quality sleep is essential for the recovery process, helping to alleviate excessive fatigue, while poor sleep quality can lead to reduced immunity. One significant issue affecting young people today is sleep quality, which is influenced by various factors, including smartphone use. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep quality among the youth of the GMIM "Eben Haezar" Kaaten. Conducted in August 2024, this cross-sectional study included all 173 youth registered in the GMIM Youth SIT, with a research sample consisting of 63 respondents. The study variables were smartphone addiction and sleep quality, analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods. Results showed that 36 respondents (57.1%) experienced a high level of smartphone addiction, while 28 respondents (44.4%) reported poor sleep quality. The study concluded a significant relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep quality, with a p-value of 0.010 and a significance level of α = 0.05.
Parenting Patterns Applied by Parents to Children Aged 3-6 Yearsat ST. Francis Assisi Delitua Kindergarten in 2023
Authors: Jagentar P.Pane  , Ernita Rante Rupang  , Alvi Maldova
Published: October 2024

This research begins with the understanding that parenting styles are one of the key factors influencing children's behavior, personality, and socio-emotional development. Thus, positive behavior in children largely depends on the application of appropriate parenting styles. The method used in this research is a descriptive design. The sample was taken using total sampling technique, with a total of 64 respondents. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of the parenting style applied was democratic, with 64 respondents (100%), authoritarian with 13 respondents (20%), permissive with 17 respondents (26%), 14 parents applied two parenting styles, and 8 parents applied three parenting styles. **Conclusion:** This research is expected to serve as a reference for maximizing the implementation of effective parenting styles according to the child's developmental stage, which will have a more positive impact on the child's overall growth and development.
Method Development for Analysis of Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes with HPLC
Authors: Jajang Japar Sodik  , Rusi Rismawanti
Published: October 2024

Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug solubility and bioavailability. Analysis of these complexes using HPLC requires the development of appropriate and validated methods. To analyze and compare various HPLC methods used for the analysis of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, and to identify challenges and trends in method development. A literature review was conducted of articles published in the last 10 years, focusing on HPLC methods for the analysis of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Parameters compared included column type, mobile phase composition, flow rate, and detection method. The majority of studies used C18 columns with varying lengths and particle sizes. The composition of the mobile phase varied, reflecting the diversity of properties of the complexes analyzed. The flow rate was generally 1.0 mL/min, with the exception of the HPLC/MS method. Detection methods included UV-Vis, PDA, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry. The main challenges included the dynamic equilibrium of the complexes and stability during analysis HPLC method development for the analysis of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes requires optimization of various parameters to overcome specific challenges. Future trends are towards the use of advanced technologies such as UHPLC and high-resolution mass detection.
Teaching Across Culture: Insights from Teachers of Indigenous Elementary Pupils at Gigaquit, Surigao Del Norte: A Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Bayang Charessa
Published: October 2024

This qualitative study delved into the experiences of Mamanwa Tribe teachers educating indigenous elementary students in Gigaquit, Surigao del Norte. Utilizing narrative inquiry and categorical-content analysis, the study highlighted two key themes: the considerable challenges faced by these teachers (such as language barriers and student absenteeism) and the strategies they employed to overcome them (including home visits and parental communication). The findings underscore the necessity for a multi-faceted approach from educational authorities to address these challenges and provide support for teachers in indigenous communities. Recommendations include increased scholarship opportunities and encouragement for indigenous learners to enter the teaching profession, thereby strengthening the ranks of indigenous educators.
Separation of benzene and cyclohexane azeotrope mixture using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ionic liquid using extractive distillation
Authors:   Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Gonfa Girma , Bustam Azmi Mohamad ,   Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
Published: October 2024

Most of the cyclohexane used for various industrial applications is largely produced through catalytic hydrogenation of benzene and the separation of cyclohexane from the unreacted benzene is industrially significant. However, it is tough to separate cyclohexane from benzene by conventional distillation processes since these components have close boiling points and form an azeotrope mixture. Currently, extractive distillation is commercially used for the separation of cyclohexane from benzene using conventional solvents (entrainers) such as sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-formylmorpholine, and N-methylpyrrolidone. However, separating benzene and cyclohexane with extractive distillation with these solvents makes the process complex and consumes high energy. On the other hand, ionic liquids are considered green and potentially environmentally friendly, hence have been attracting attention in replacing conventional solvents (entrainers) in extractive distillation because of their unique properties. In this work, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([EMIM][EtSO4]) was used for the separation of cyclohexane from benzene using extractive distillation. The performance of [EMIM][EtSO4] was evaluated by measuring the isothermal vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) for benzene, cyclohexane, and [EMIM][EtSO4] ternary mixture at 353.15 K. The isothermal VLE was measured using Head Space Gas Chromatography (HS-GC). Moreover, the VLE data was also predicted using COSMO-RS and compared with the experimental values. The addition of [EMIM][EtSO4] eliminated the azeotrope and increased the relative volatilities of benzene and cyclohexane resulting in their separation. The performance of [EMIM][EtSO4] on the benzene and cyclohexane system was compared with dimethyl sulfoxide. The current ionic liquid shows higher relative volatility compared to dimethyl sulfoxide showing this ionic liquid can be used for the separation of benzene and cyclohexane using extractive distillation.
Optimization of crude rotenone oil extraction from birbira plant (Milletia ferruginea) seed by Soxhlet and maceration methods
Authors:   Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Adigo Amsalu Gosu
Published: October 2024

The extraction of active compounds from plant materials is one of the most critical processes in the commercial development of natural products for pharmaceutical, herbicide or pesticide production. The focus of this study was extraction of crude rotenone oil (CRO) from Birbira plant (Milletia ferruginea) seed. The extraction was done using maceration anda Soxhlet extractor using organic solvents, such as ethanol, hexane, and chloroform. For the efficient extraction of crude rotenone oil from Birbira plant seed the effect of parameters, such as extraction method, solvent type, extraction time and size of crushed Birbira seed were investigated. Based on the experimental results obtained Soxhlet extraction method was more efficient (41.6% CRO yield) compared to the maceration extraction method (25.1 % CRO yield). The extraction results for both Soxhlet and maceration methods indicated that chloroform is more efficient compared to ethanol and hexane solvents. On the other hand, the effects of crashed seed size and extraction time on the % CRO yield were also investigated. The results showed that medium size (0.1–0.35 mm) for both Soxhlet and maceration extraction was the optimum size leading to the highest % CRO yield compared to fine and coarse ground seed size. The highest % CRO yield was obtained during 4 to 5 h of Soxhlet extraction and 25 to 30 h of maceration extraction method. Therefore, the Soxhlet extraction method is the fastest and efficient method for the extraction of CRO from plant materials. The characterization of Birbira seed powder and CRO was done with FTIR and Rheology test equipment. The FTIR result revealed that CRO is composed of aliphatic, olefin, polyphenol and alcohol functional groups, in which polyphenol functional groups are the most essential flavonoid components available in crude rotenone oil.
Usage Sphere and Recognition Rate of Vulgarisms
Authors: Babayev Javid
Published: October 2024

The article scrutinizes vulgarisms used in swear words, slangs, jargons, proverbs, sayings and idioms. Besides, the study made a survey on vulgarisms used in these lexical units by different age group respondents. While analyzing the article, it turned out that vulgarisms do not emerge as a result of anger or fury, so they can appear as a result of pampering or cuddling, too. After a rigid analysis, it became known that elderly respondents know more proverbs and sayings rich in vulgarity due to  longer life experience while middle-aged people know more sexual slangs due to access to porn sites and adult videos. Teenagers do not know any proverbs or sayings containing vulgar words because of lack of life experience. After a profound investigation, it turned out that swear words host the most vulgarity while it is followed by slangs and jargons. Sexual slangs contain the second biggest vulgarity. Vulgarisms are sometimes euphemized in slangs or jargons while it is impossible in swear words.
Cystic Echinococcosis and Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Beyhan Yunus Emre
Published: October 2024

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic disease caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus. It predominantly affects the liver but can also impact the lungs, kidneys, spleen, brain, bones, and heart. CE is prevalent in regions with low socio-economic status and is associated with significant health and economic burdens due to medical costs and reduced livestock productivity. Diagnosis typically involves radiological and serological methods, and treatment primarily consists of surgery, though drug therapy and less invasive procedures like PAIR are also used. Prevention focuses on controlling animal slaughter practices, improving public hygiene, and providing education on the disease. The molecular approach in cystic echinococcosis (CE) involves identifying and differentiating species within the Echinococcus genus using DNA-based methods. PCR and its variations, such as PCR-RFLP, RAPD-PCR, LAMP, mPCR, and DNA sequencing, are employed to determine genetic diversity and specific genotypes. These methods are highly sensitive and specific, aiding in accurate diagnosis and epidemiological studies. The E. granulosus complex comprises several genotypes (G1-G10), with G1 being the most significant for human infections. Molecular techniques, including sequencing of mitochondrial genes (cox1, nad1) and nuclear genomic regions (ITS1), provide insights into the parasite’s genetic diversity, host specificity, and epidemiology. Studies in various regions have identified multiple genotypes, highlighting the importance of accurate molecular typing for effective epidemiological studies and control measures. In summary, CE is a significant parasitic disease with widespread implications. Effective diagnosis, treatment, and prevention require a multifaceted approach, incorporating clinical, radiological, and molecular techniques.