bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertically stratified interactions of nectarivores and nectar‐inhabiting bacteria in a liana flowering across forest strata*
Authors: Thiel Sarina , Gottstein Malika , Heymann Eckhard W. , Kroszewski Jana , Lieker Narges , Tello Ney Shahuano , Tschapka Marco , Junker Robert R. , Heer Katrin
Published: March 2024

Premise

Vertical stratification is a key feature of tropical forests and plant–frugivore interactions. However, it is unclear whether equally strong patterns of vertical stratification exist for plant–nectarivore interactions and, if so, which factors drive these patterns. Further, nectar‐inhabiting bacteria, acting as “hidden players” in plant–nectarivore interactions, might be vertically stratified, either in response to differences among strata in microenvironmental conditions or to the nectarivore community serving as vectors.

Methods

We observed visitations by a diverse nectarivore community to the liana Marcgravia longifolia in a Peruvian rainforest and characterized diversity and community composition of nectar‐inhabiting bacteria. Unlike most other plants, M. longifolia produces inflorescences across forest strata, enabling us to study effects of vertical stratification on plant–nectarivore interactions without confounding effects of plant species and stratum.

Results

A significantly higher number of visits were by nectarivorous bats and hummingbirds in the midstory than in the understory and canopy, and the visits were strongly correlated to flower availability and nectar quantity and quality. Trochiline hummingbirds foraged across all strata, whereas hermits remained in the lower strata. The Shannon diversity index for nectar‐inhabiting bacterial communities was highest in the midstory.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that vertical niche differentiation in plant–nectarivore interactions seems to be partly driven by resource abundance, but other factors such as species‐specific preferences of hummingbirds, likely caused by competition, play an important role. We conclude that vertical stratification is an important driver of a species’ interaction niche highlighting its role for promoting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
On (not) being literate enough: The literacy experiences and literacy programme needs of people experiencing homelessness or who are at risk of homelessness
Authors: Hanckel Benjamin , Morris Alan , Yasukawa Keiko
Published: March 2024

This paper is focussed on literacy and the literacy experiences of people who are experiencing homelessness or are at risk of homelessness. Drawing on 23 in‐depth interviews with people who have lived experience of homelessness in Sydney, Australia, the paper examines literacy, literacy needs and interest in literacy programmes from a social practice perspective of literacy. Amartya Sen's (1999) capability approach is drawn on to examine the multidimensional barriers that impede access to literacy. Our findings show literacy needs and how literacy is understood and valued in the lives of people with lived experience of homelessness. We show the ways that spatial and temporal conditions enable and create (im)possibilities for the realisation of literacy as a capability. We also discuss how the capability is imagined to fit into existing worlds, as both an instrumental tool, as well as for personal satisfaction and broader participation in social life. Our interviewees also point to the possibilities of literacy learning and programmes supporting the realisation of other capabilities, emphasising the prospects of achieving multiple capability realisations through program design. We show how the findings bear out the principles of a social practices pedagogy in adult literacy programmes.
Implementation of a Blended‐Learning Perioperative Nursing Education Program in Canada
Authors: Li Jack S. , Conway Aaron
Published: March 2024

Governmental COVID‐19 mandates in Ontario, Canada, resulted in a backlog of perioperative procedures. Organization leaders were required to expand services after the pandemic; however, the ongoing nursing shortage and college‐based structure of perioperative education programs complicated their response. In 2021, we developed an in‐house perioperative education program using a blended‐learning theory comprising online modules and videos, skills laboratory sessions, and clinical placement experiences. Nurses were required to apply for the program and remain employed at the facility for two years. Program evaluations showed that the novice nurses felt confident when beginning clinical experiences and preceptors believed the nurses were prepared for practice. Sixteen of 19 participants successfully completed the program, which helped resolve the staffing shortage. Novice nurses may benefit from a shadowing experience before applying for this type of program. Leaders in nonperioperative specialties should consider an in‐house education program to help meet staffing needs in their areas.
Self‐healing characteristics of superabsorbent polymers in epoxy coating for corrosion inhibition of carbon steels
Authors: Dimasin Gabriel Sebastian C. , Mena Manolo G. , Melendres Ariel V. , Vera Cruz Rolan P.
Published: March 2024

This study evaluated the self‐healing characteristics of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) in epoxy polyamide paint systems applied using brush application. The SAP underwent preliminary characterization to determine its primary properties and was then incorporated into the epoxy primer at different percentages. The epoxy‐SAP coating systems then underwent various tests to evaluate their self‐healing capability. Excellent adhesion is obtained with the coating system composed of initial epoxy primer, epoxy‐SAP layer, final epoxy primer, and an epoxy enamel topcoat. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that the addition of SAP increased the charge transfer resistance and pore resistance and decreased the double layer capacitance of the coating system in a span of 5 h, confirming the self‐healing of the coating. Maximum corrosion protection for 5 h is obtained between 15 to 20 wt% SAP. Lastly, it is determined through long‐term immersion tests that the addition of SAP in the coating significantly decreases the rust formation; however, the coating starts to peel off due to the swelling of SAP after 2–3 days.
Increased atmospheric PM2.5 events due to open waste burning in Qaanaaq, Greenland, summer of 2022
Authors: Yasunari Teppei J. , Kajikawa Tomoki , Matsumi Yutaka , Kim Kyu‐Myong
Published: March 2024

High levels of particulate matter (PM) are relevant to severe air pollution and can adversely impact human health. Maintaining healthy air quality for the residents of the Arctic region is essential to satisfy the no‐one‐left‐behind policy of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations. In this study, we installed a PM2.5 measurement system in Qaanaaq, Greenland, and obtained the first continuous PM2.5 measurements from July 20, 2022 to August 13, 2022. We observed several increased PM2.5 events; relatively high PM2.5 levels persisted from August 8, 2022. On the same day, visible black smoke emitted from the Qaanaaq dump site originated from open waste burning. By confirming less transboundary air pollution contributions from remote aerosol source regions to Qaanaaq during the measurement period using NOAA's HYSPLIT backward trajectory analysis and NASA's MERRA‐2 aerosol re‐analysis, we confirmed that the increased PM2.5 was primarily due to local open waste burning with less contributions from transboundary air pollution. However, small contributions from biomass burning outside Greenland were plausible during the early measurement period. Additionally, NOAA's HYSPLIT dispersion calculations suggested possible aerosol depositions from local open waste burning to nearby sea areas, such as Baffin Bay. Although the hourly mean PM2.5 mass concentration was not alarmingly high during the measurement period, future studies should incorporate longer‐term continuous PM2.5 measurements along with other atmospheric chemical analyses to identify possible local air pollution sources in detail to ensure clean ambient air for the future in the Arctic. Our study provides quantitative evidence of the impact of open waste burning on air quality at a study site in Greenland, which could be crucial in developing air quality policies for this region in the Arctic.
The Aptly Buried “I” in Experience: Experiential Purchases Promote More Social Connection Than Material Purchases
Authors: Kumar Amit , Mann Thomas C. , Gilovich Thomas
Published: March 2024

Experiential purchases (focused on doing rather than having) provide more satisfaction than material goods. Here, we examine a different downstream consequence of spending money on experiences: fostering social connection. Consumers reported feeling more kinship with someone who had made a similar experiential purchase than someone who had made a similar material purchase—a result tied to the greater centrality of experiences to one's identity. This greater sense of connection that experiences provide applied even when someone else had made a similar, but superior purchase. Participants also reported feeling more connected to others in general, not just those who have made the same purchase, when reflecting on experiential consumption—and these feelings of connection were expressed in a greater desire to engage in social activities when participants considered their experiential purchases than when they considered their material purchases. Together, these results demonstrate that experiential consumption enhances people's social connection quite broadly.
Additive Fertigung mit Beton – Leitfaden für die Planung und die Durchführung von Projekten
Authors: Mechtcherine Viktor , Kuhn Alexander , Mai Inka , Nerella Venkatesh Naidu , Weger Daniel , Ivaniuk Egor , Wiens Udo
Published: March 2024

Dieser Leitfaden, erstellt von der Arbeitsgruppe „Digitaler Betonbau durch additive Fertigung“ des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbetonbau (DAfStb), dient als umfassende Ressource zur Unterstützung von Planung und Durchführung additiver Fertigungsprojekte im Betonbau in Deutschland. Er richtet sich an Architekten, Planer, Antragsteller, Materialhersteller, Bauunternehmen und weitere am Bau Beteiligte. Nach einer kurzen Vorstellung der Klassifizierung, Terminologie und Methoden der additiven Fertigung werden rechtliche Aspekte und Genehmigungsverfahren beleuchtet, um eine nahtlose Integration dieser Technologie in die Baupraxis zu gewährleisten. Der Leitfaden behandelt die Einordnung additiver Fertigungsmethoden mit Beton in das Bauordnungsrecht, erläutert den Ablauf von Genehmigungsverfahren und bietet Orientierungshilfen zur Abstimmung von Zuständigkeiten bei Projekten. Er geht auf technische Regeln für die Bemessung und Konstruktion von Tragwerken ein, insbesondere bei additiv hergestellten Wänden, und behandelt konstruktive Aspekte der Bewehrung. Ein wichtiger Bestandteil sind Beton‐ und Bauteilprüfungen, einschließlich der Methoden zur Probenherstellung sowie Prüfverfahren für Frisch‐ und Festbeton, was den Leitfaden zu einem hilfreichen Werkzeug für Fachleute im Bereich des digitalen Betonbaus macht.
Successful treatment of body integrity dysphoria with amputation: A case report
Authors: Nadeau Nadia
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

In select cases of body integrity identity disorder or body integrity dysphoria where noninvasive treatments prove ineffective and the patient's distress is substantial, elective amputation may serve as a viable and highly satisfying intervention, aligning the individual's physical self with their perceived identity.

This case report presents an illustration of body integrity identity disorder (BIID), wherein a 20 years old ambidextrous male experiencing profound distress over his left hand's fourth and fifth fingers sought elective amputation after noninvasive treatments proved unsuccessful. Despite ethical concerns and limited literature on BIID, the decision to proceed with elective surgery was based on the patient's sustained desire, potential risks of self‐harm, and the distinct presentation involving two fingers rather than a complete limb. Following amputation, the patient experienced immediate relief, with nightmares ceasing, emotional distress subsiding, and improved functionality. This case highlights the potential efficacy and patient satisfaction associated with elective amputation in specific BIID presentations, shedding light on the unique challenges faced by affected individuals and emphasizing the importance of understanding, support, and inclusive healthcare practices.
Combined treatment of dexamethasone mouthwash and low‐level laser therapy in the management of aphthous‐like ulcers caused by nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs: A case report
Authors: ALhomsi Alaa , Aljoujou Abeer A. , Mashlah Ammar , Al Ahdab Sanaa , Al Jabban Haya
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

A case of major aphthous‐like ulcer was described in a 50‐year‐old patient. The patient showed the main signs of aphthous stomatitis painful ulcer, 1–2 cm in diameter, located on the ventral of the tongue, buccal mucosa, and the palate. These ulcers persisted for more than 3 weeks. The patient's self‐administration of a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) was suggested as the leading cause of aphthous‐like ulcers in this case. ulcers were treated with dexamethasone mouthwash and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT).
Metal Phthalocyanine Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cell Assembling with Azide‐Functionalized Reduced Graphene and Quaternary Metal Chalcogenide Composites
Authors: Ezgi Varol Deniz , Uğuz Neli Özlem , Budak Özlem , Keskin Bahadır , Koca Atıf
Published: March 2024

Here, photoelectrodes of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells consisting of azide functionalized reduced graphene oxide (GO‐N3) and quaternary metal chalcogenide (CdZnNiSSe) composites sensitized with metal phthalocyanines (MPc, M: Co, Zn, Ti) are developed and then tested in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). CdZnNiSSe/RGO‐N3 composite is deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode through a facile electrodeposition technique and ITO/CdZnNiSSe/RGO‐N3 photoelectrode is constructed. Then, MPcs bearing terminal alkyne groups are connected to RGO‐N3 via the copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (click chemistry) technique to produce ITO/CdZnNiSSe/RGO‐N3‐MPc structures. Decoration of ITO/CdZnNiSSe/RGO‐N3 with MPcs is proposed to improve the charge transfer capability of the photoelectrode due to wide light absorption of MPcs from UV toward the IR region of the light spectrum. PECHER responses indicate that among the photoanodes bearing ZnPc, CoPc, and TiOPc, ITO/CdZnNiSSe/RGO‐N3‐ZnPc electrode exhibits the highest PECHER performance owing to the suitability of band structure of ZnPc. Sensitizing ITO/CdZnNiSSe/RGO‐N3 with ZnPc increases the photocurrent density from 5.0 to 7.3 mA cm−2 at 0.8 V vs. RHE and the applied bias photon to current efficiency (ABPE) enhances from 3.18 % to 3.87 %. This study provides a new approach for increasing the performance of photoanodes via sensitization with MPcs in photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution processes for future applications.
INVESTIGATION OF FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF STAINLESS STEEL CHANNEL SECTIONS
Authors: de Lima Cláucio Gonçalves , Rodrigues Monique Cordeiro , Pereira e Fernanda Lins Gonçalves
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the design of austenitic stainless steel channel sections subjected to minor axis bending, specifically with tension in the web (“u” orientation) is analyzed. The values of moment resistance are predicted using Eurocode 3 criteria and the Continuous Strength Method (CSM), which are then compared with numerical models to assess effectiveness. The modeling is performed through ANSYS and calibrated with literature tests. It was found that Eurocode presents a considerable disparity in results, as well as an overly cautious response (on average, half the numerical load). The CSM reflects the performance more accurately but still with a certain level of conservatism (on average, around 35% lower).
New Phenanthro[9,10‐d]oxazole‐Based Fluorophores with Hybridized Local and Charge‐Transfer Characteristics for Highly Efficient Blue Non‐Doped OLEDs with Negligible Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Xie Dong‐Dong , Liao Hao‐Sen , Wang Bao‐Yue , Chen Dong , Chi Hai‐Jun , Lv Yan‐Li , Dong Yan , Li Xiao
Published: March 2024

It is vital to develop highly efficient non‐doped blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high color purity and low‐efficiency roll‐off for applications in display and lighting. Herein, two blue D‐A fluorophores TPA‐PO and TPA‐DPO are designed and synthesized, in which phenanthro[9,10‐d]oxazole (PO) acts as the acceptor and triphenylamine as the donor. TPA‐PO and TPA‐DPO display good thermal stability and efficient luminescence efficiency in neat film. Results based on photophysical property and theoretical calculation demonstrate that TPA‐PO and TPA‐DPO possess the hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) feature, which can utilize the triplet exciton to achieve highly efficient electroluminance (EL). The non‐doped OLEDs with TPA‐PO/TPA‐DPO as pure emissive layer show the uniform EL emission peak at 468 nm, corresponding to CIE coordinates of (0.168, 0.187) and (0.167, 0.167), respectively. The TPA‐DPO‐based non‐doped OLEDs provide the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.99 % and high exciton utility efficiency of 48.4 %~72.6 %. Moreover, the TPA‐DPO‐based device exhibits low‐efficiency roll‐off, still maintaining the EQE of 6.03 % at the high luminance of 5000 cd m−2. Those findings state clearly that PO is a promising building block of blue fluorophore with a potential HLCT feature to be applied in non‐doped OLEDs.
Robust Red‐Absorbing Donor‐Acceptor Stenhouse Adduct Photoswitches
Authors: Philip Abbey M. , Krogh Marie E. , Laursen Bo W.
Published: March 2024

Donor‐Acceptor Stenhouse Adduct (DASA), a class of push‐pull negative photochrome, has received large interest lately owing to its versatile synthesis, modularity and excellent photoswitching in solutions. From a technological perspective, it is imperative for this class of photoswitches to work robustly in solid state, e. g. thin films. We feature a molecular framework for the optimized design of DASAs by introducing a new thioindoline donor (D3) and assessing its performance against known 2nd generation indoline‐based donors. The systematic structure‐function investigations suggest that to achieve robust reversible photoswitching, a ground state with low charge separation is desired. DASAs with stronger electron donors and a larger charge separation in the ground state result in a low population of the photothermalstationary state (PTSS) and reduced photostability. The DASA with thioindoline donor (D3A3) seems to be a special case among the donor series as it causes a red shift (ca. 15 nm), however with less polarization of the ground state and marginally better photostability as compared to the unsubstituted 2‐methyl indoline (D1A3). We also emphasize the consideration of the key additional factors that can modulate the red‐light photoswitching properties of DASA chromophores in polymer thin films, which might not be dominant in homogenous solution state.
Perfluoroalkylation of Triarylamines by EDA Complexes and Ulterior Sensitized [6π]‐Electrocyclization to Perfluoroalkylated Endo‐Carbazoles. Mechanistic and Photophysical Studies
Authors: Romero Ivan E. , Barata‐Vallejo Sebastian , Bonesi Sergio M. , Postigo Al
Published: March 2024

Blue LEDs‐irradiation of a mixture of N,N,N',N'‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and perfluoroalkyl iodides (RF−I) – Electron Donor Acceptor (EDA)‐complex – in the presence of triphenylamines (TPAs) in an aqueous solvent mixture afforded mono‐perfluoroalkylated triphenylamines (RF−TPA) in good yields. These RF−TPA were further subjected to acetone‐sensitized [6π]‐electrocyclization at 315 nm‐irradiation affording exclusively perfluoroalkylated endo‐carbazole derivatives (RF−CBz) in quantitative yields. Mechanistic studies and photophysical properties of products are studied.
Conductive Metal‐Organic Framework Grown on the Nickel‐Based Hydroxide to Realize High‐Performance Electrochemical Glucose Sensing
Authors: Zhu Rongmei , Song Yongzhen , Hu Jinliang , Zhu Keda , Liu Limei , Jiang Yuxuan , Xie Liru , Pang Huan
Published: March 2024

Glucose holds significant importance in disease diagnosis as well as beverage quality monitoring. The high‐efficiency electrochemical sensor plays a crucial role in the electrochemical conversion technology. Ni(OH)2 nanosheets are provided with high specific surface area and redox activity that are widely used in electrochemistry. Conductive metal‐organic frameworks (cMOFs) perfectly combine the structural controllability of organic materials with the long‐range ordering of inorganic materials that possess the characteristic of high electron mobility. Based on the above considerations, the combination of Ni(OH)2 and Ni‐HHTP (HHTP=2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene) as an electrode modification material is designed to enhance electrochemical performance. In this work, to improve glucose detection, a sequence of Ni(OH)2@NiCo‐HHTP and NiM‐LDH@Ni‐HHTP (M=Co2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, LDH=layered double hydroxide) are successfully synthesised by doping metals into Ni‐HHTP and Ni(OH)2, respectively. As a result, NiCu‐LDH@Ni‐HHTP showed the best excellent glucose detection sensitivity.
TpPa‐1 COFs‐Enhanced Zwitterion Hydrogel for Efficient Harvesting of Atmospheric Water
Authors: Liu Yueli , Fu Jingchao , Zhu Yuhao , Chen Wen
Published: March 2024

Zwitterionic hydrogel, serving as carriers for hygroscopic salts, holds significant potential in atmospheric water harvesting. However, their further application is limited by structural collapse in high‐concentration salt solution and poor photothermal conversion performance. Herein, the graded pore structure of poly‐3‐[dimethyl‐[2‐(2‐methylprop‐2‐enoyloxy)ethyl]azaniumyl]propane‐1‐sulfonate (PDMAPS) zwitterionic hydrogel/TpPa‐1 covalent organic frameworks (COFs)/LiCl composite (named as PCL composite hydrogel) is proposed, which leads to the accelerated diffusion effect for water molecules. As a result, the vapor adsorption capacity of the optimal composite hydrogel (PCL‐42) reaches 2.88 g g−1 within 12 hours under conditions of 25 °C and 90 % RH. Simultaneously, the maximum temperature of PCL‐42 composite could reach 53.9 °C after 9 minutes under a simulated solar intensity of 1.0 kW m−2, releasing 91 % of the adsorbed water in 3 hours, providing a promising prospect for efficient solar‐driven atmospheric water harvesting. One cycle could collect 7.55 g of fresh water under outdoor conditions, and the maximum daily water production may reach 2.71 kg kg−1. The reason lies in that TpPa‐1 COFs lead hydrogel to form a gradient pore structure, which may accelerate the transport of water molecules, increase the loading capacity of LiCl and enhance the photothermal property.
Cytomorphological features of sebaceous carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Misawa Ken , Kobayashi Mikiko , Yamamoto Tomoko , Sato Atsushi
Published: March 2024

Sebaceous carcinoma of the breast is an extremely rare histological subtype of breast cancer, with fewer than 30 cases reported to date. Because of its extremely rare histological presentation, there are few case reports that highlight its cytological findings. In this case report, the cytomorphological features of a sebaceous carcinoma of the breast are described in detail. Cytomorphological analysis revealed atypical cells presenting predominantly as loose clusters. No tubular or papillary structures were evident in the clusters and no mucin production was observed. The diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma of the breast requires prominent sebaceous differentiation of cells. In Papanicolaou‐stained smears, the differentiated tumor cells were found within the yellowish clusters. When these yellowish clusters were observed at high magnification and shifted out of focus, the sebaceous differentiation of tumor cells could be recognized. This finding is an advantage of observing Papanicolaou‐stained specimens. Like previous reports, some individual cells showing sebaceous differentiation were also observed. In cases where many yellowish clusters appear, close observation of the interior of the clusters can confirm the presence of sebaceous differentiation of tumor cells and serve as a diagnostic clue for the cytological diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma of the breast.
Exceptional Performance of 3D Additive Manufactured NiFe Phosphite Oxyhydroxide Hollow Tubular Lattice Plastic Electrode for Large‐Current‐Density Water Oxidization
Authors: Ding Liping , Zhang Lin , Li Gaoyuan , Chen Shuyan , Yan Han , Tu Haibiao , Su Jianmin , Li Qi , Tang Yanfeng , Wang Yanqing
Published: March 2024

In this article, we report a 3D NiFe phosphite oxyhydroxide plastic electrode using high‐resolution digital light processing (DLP) 3D‐printing technology via induced chemical deposition method. The as‐prepared 3D plastic electrode exhibits no template requirement, freedom design, low‐cost, robust, anticorrosion, lightweight, and micro‐nano porous characteristics. It can be drawn to the conclusion that highly oriented open‐porous 3D geometry structure will be beneficial for improving surface catalytic active area, wetting performance, and reaction–diffusion dynamics of plastic electrodes for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation interprets the origin of high activity of NiFe(PO3)O(OH) and demonstrates that the implantation of the –PO3 can effectively bind the 3d orbital of Ni in NiFe(PO3)O(OH), lead to the weak adsorption of intermediate, make electron more active to improve the conductivity, thereby lowing the transform free energy of *O to *OOH. The water oxidization performance of as‐prepared 3D NiFe(PO3)O(OH) hollow tubular (HT) lattice plastic electrode has almost reached the state‐of‐the‐art level compared with the as‐reported large‐current‐density catalysts or 3D additive manufactured plastic/metal‐based electrodes, especially for high current OER electrodes. This work breaks through the bottleneck that plagues the performance improvement of low‐cost high‐current electrodes.
Electroclinical features of myoclonic‐tonic and spasm‐tonic seizures in childhood
Authors: Taha Mohamed , Nordli Douglas R. , Kacker Shawn , Oetomo Audrey , Phitsanuwong Chalongchai , Nordli Douglas R.
Published: March 2024

Myoclonic‐tonic (MT) and spasm‐tonic (ST) seizures represent distinctive features in late infantile epileptic encephalopathy (LIEE). This commentary aims to delineate the electroclinical characteristics of MT and ST seizures, setting them apart from other seizure types. Our analysis encompasses 211 ST and MT seizures observed in 31 patients diagnosed with LIEE, providing a comprehensive overview of video‐EEG features and polygraphic signatures. In MT seizures, EEG findings reveal a high‐voltage diffuse spike/polyspike and wave discharge, often succeeded by diffuse electrodecrements. The amplitude‐integrated EEG (aEEG) signature is described as a “reversed checkmark.” Conversely, ST seizures exhibit EEG findings such as a vertex positive deflection after a slow‐wave and relative electrodecrement, with intermixed epileptiform discharges. In comparison to MT seizures, polygraphic characteristics in ST seizures appear more distinct, featuring a brief rhomboid shape corresponding to the spasm, followed by a lengthier rectangular shape indicative of the tonic phase of the ST seizure. While the pathophysiology of ST and MT seizures remains inadequately understood, their concurrent occurrence and association with other seizure types (tonic, epileptic spasm, myoclonic) within the temporal context of LIEE and other epileptic encephalopathies prompt us to anticipate advancements in our understanding through future research. We hope that this study serves as a foundation for unraveling these complexities in the times to come.
Adaptive fuzzy energy management strategy for range‐extended electric vehicles integrated with deep learning
Authors: Nie Jinquan , Chen Chen , Wei Changyin , Wang Ao , Liu Yuan
Published: March 2024

A novel framework for adaptive energy management, rooted in deep learning principles, is proposed to minimize fuel consumption in extended‐range electric vehicles amidst intricate driving scenarios. This innovative approach integrates a long short‐term memory (LSTM) network for pattern recognition across three driving patterns and an adaptive fuzzy controller. To mitigate the impact of poor hyperparameter selection on recognition accuracy, Gray Wolf Optimization is employed to optimize the hidden layer nodes, training times, and learning rate of the LSTM. Simultaneously, a genetic algorithm is utilized to optimize the vertex coordinates of the fuzzy control membership function, enabling the adaptive adjustment of parameters in the fuzzy energy management strategy. The condition recognition model accurately identifies the vehicle's driving status and seamlessly transitions to an energy management strategy tailored to the present conditions. This ensures optimal operation, enhancing overall fuel efficiency and performance. The simulation results robustly validate the efficacy of this approach: the GWO‐LSTM network achieves an impressive 97.7% accuracy in recognizing working conditions, surpassing the 88.9% accuracy of the traditional LSTM network. Furthermore, the fuel consumption reduction achieved by the adaptive fuzzy energy management strategy amounts to 11.9% compared with the conventional fuzzy energy management approach. This outcome underscores the tangible enhancement in vehicle fuel economy resulting from the seamless integration of deep learning techniques.
The effects of dental hygienist autonomy on dental care utilization
Authors: Chen Jie , Meyerhoefer Chad D. , Timmons Edward J.
Published: March 2024

We investigate the effects of regulations governing the practice autonomy of dental hygienists on dental care use with the 2001–2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We measure the strength of autonomy regulations by extending the Dental Hygiene Professional Practice Index to the years 2001–2014, allowing us to capture changes in regulations within states over time. Using a difference‐in‐differences framework applied to selected states, we find that relaxing supervision requirements to provide dental hygienists moderate autonomy results in an increase in total dental visits due to greater use of preventive dental care. However, the use of dental treatment decreases when states adopt the highest level of autonomy. Both sets of estimates increase in magnitude when we subset the sample to dental care provider shortage areas. In support of these findings, we show that dental visits shift to dental hygienists in shortage areas when states expand the scope of practice of hygienists, and that there is an increase in tasks performed by hygienists, such as cleanings and dental exams.
Drought propagation across meteorological, hydrological and agricultural systems in the Lancang‐Mekong River Basin
Authors: Li Yu , Feng Yunfei , Zhang Bingyao , Zhang Chi
Published: March 2024

Drought produces cross‐system impacts, and these interactions between multiple systems are also referred to as drought propagation. However, the complex natural processes and anthropogenic disturbances lead to the drought propagation process being non‐linear and systems feedback, which is still lack of knowledge in large‐scale basins. To address these challenges, we propose a hydro‐economic coupled model and investigate drought propagation across meteorological‐hydrological‐agricultural systems. The results from the Lancang‐Mekong River Basin show that drought propagates from the meteorological system to the hydrological system and is weakened by the basin buffer and storage capacity. This propagation process shows spatial heterogeneity caused by basin characteristics, highlighting that the upstream (CS location) and downstream (KR and KC locations) are more prone to hydrological drought vulnerability. As drought further propagates to the agricultural system, water abstraction behaviours can alleviate the drought situation, leading to crop yield increases ranging from 4.6% to 39.2% through irrigation pathways. Unfortunately, irrigation behaviour also worsens hydrological drought in a feedback loop, where downstream VT (annual discharge decreases by around 1346 m3/s) shows more intense variation than upstream LP (annual discharge decreases by almost 135 m3/s), illustrating the feedback among multi‐systems and accumulation in spatial. Moreover, upstream hydropower and downstream agricultural water use show synergistic relationships, revealing that efficient anthropogenic interventions can positively mitigate the impact of drought on human well‐being. This paper provides an in‐depth understanding of the complex drought propagation process in nature‐human highly coupled Lancang‐Mekong, which may help policymakers and basin managers to better cope with drought.
ADAR2 deficiency ameliorates non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and muscle atrophy through modulating serum amyloid A1
Authors: Kung Mei‐Lang , Yang Tai‐Hua , Lin Chia‐Chi , Ho Jia‐Yun , Hung Tzu‐Chi , Chang Chih‐Hsiang , Huang Kuan‐Wen , Chen Chien‐Chin , Chen Yun‐Wen
Published: March 2024

Background

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which is commonly associated with NAFLD. Adenosine‐to‐inosine editing, catalysed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR), is an important post‐transcriptional modification of genome‐encoded RNA transcripts. Three ADAR gene family members, including ADAR1, ADAR2 and ADAR3, have been identified. However, the functional role of ADAR2 in obesity‐associated NAFLD and sarcopenia remains unclear.

Methods

ADAR2+/+/GluR‐BR/R mice (wild type [WT]) and ADAR2−/−/GluR‐BR/R mice (ADAR2 knockout [KO]) were subjected to feeding with standard chow or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks at the age of 5 weeks. The metabolic parameters, hepatic lipid droplet, grip strength test, rotarod test, muscle weight, fibre cross‐sectional area (CSA), fibre types and protein associated with protein degradation were examined. Systemic and local tissues serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) were measured. The effects of SAA1 on C2C12 myotube atrophy were investigated.

Results

ADAR2 KO mice fed with HFD exhibited lower body weight (−7.7%, P < 0.05), lower liver tissue weight (−20%, P < 0.05), reduced liver lipid droplets in concert with a decrease in hepatic triglyceride content (−24%, P < 0.001) and liver injury (P < 0.01). ADAR2 KO mice displayed protection against HFD‐induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. Skeletal muscle mass (P < 0.01), muscle strength (P < 0.05), muscle endurance (P < 0.001) and fibre size (CSA; P < 0.0001) were improved in ADAR2 KO mice fed with HFD compared with WT mice fed with HFD. Muscle atrophy‐associated transcripts, such as forkhead box protein O1, muscle atrophy F‐box/atrogin‐1 and muscle RING finger 1/tripartite motif‐containing 63, were decreased in ADAR2 KO mice fed with HFD compared with WT mice fed with HFD. ADAR2 deficiency attenuates HFD‐induced local liver and skeletal muscle tissue inflammation. ADAR2 deficiency abolished HFD‐induced systemic (P < 0.01), hepatic (P < 0.0001) and muscular (P < 0.001) SAA1 levels. C2C12 myotubes treated with recombinant SAA1 displayed a decrease in myotube length (−37%, P < 0.001), diameter (−20%, P < 0.01), number (−39%, P < 0.001) and fusion index (−46%, P < 0.01). Myogenic markers (myosin heavy chain and myogenin) were decreased in SAA1‐treated myoblast C2C12 cells.

Conclusions

These results provide novel evidence that ADAR2 deficiency may be important in obesity‐associated sarcopenia and NAFLD. Increased SAA1 might be involved as a regulatory factor in developing sarcopenia in NAFLD.
Psychological factors may affect the quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome patients more than the gut itself? A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Xie Xiaotian , He Jing , Xu Shu , Xu Zhiyue , Long Yanqin , Duan Zhijun , Yang Jie , Zhang Zhifeng , Wu Jun , Cai Lianying , Liang Liexin , Dai Ning , Zhang Jun , Bai Tao , Hou Xiaohua
Published: March 2024

Background and Aim

Both intestinal symptoms and comorbidities exist in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and influence their quality of life (QOL). More research is needed to determine how these variables impact the QOL of IBS patients. This study aimed to determine which specific factors had a higher influence on QOL and to further compare the effects of intestinal symptoms and comorbidities on QOL.

Methods

IBS patients were recruited from six tertiary hospitals in different regions of China. QOL, gastrointestinal symptoms, and comorbidities were assessed by different scales. Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and mediation model were used for statistics.

Results

Four hundred fifty‐three IBS patients (39.7% women, mean age 45 years) were included and no significant differences in QOL were found across demographic characteristics. Abnormal defecation (r = −0.398), fatigue (r = −0.266), and weakness (r = −0.286) were found to show higher correlation with QOL. More than 40% of IBS patients were found to suffer from varying degrees of anxiety or depression, and anxiety (r = −0.564) and depression (r = −0.411) were significantly negatively correlated with QOL (P < 0.001). Psychological factors showed the strongest impact (β′ = −0.451) and play a strong mediating role in the impact of physiological symptoms on QOL. Anxiety was found to be the strongest factor (β′ = −0.421).

Conclusion

Compared with other symptoms, psychological symptoms, particularly anxiety, are more common and have a more negative influence on QOL. The QOL of IBS patients is also significantly impacted by abnormal defecation, abdominal distension, and systemic extraintestinal somatic symptoms. In the treatment of IBS patients with unhealthy mental status, psychotherapy might be prioritized.
Synthesis and characterization of novel biheterocyclic compounds from 3‐alkoxy‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes via multicomponent reactions
Authors: Savickienė Viktorija , Bieliauskas Aurimas , Belyakov Sergey , Šačkus Algirdas , Arbačiauskienė Eglė
Published: March 2024

Several series of novel biheterocyclic compounds have been synthesized starting from 3‐alkoxy‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes and employing different types of multicomponent reactions. The structures of the obtained 4‐(pyrazol‐4‐yl)pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole, 4‐(pyrazol‐4‐yl)pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3‐b]quinoline, 4‐(pyrazol‐4‐yl)pyridine, and 4‐[(pyrazol‐4‐yl)methylidene]‐1,2‐oxazole derivatives were thoroughly characterized and confirmed using detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X‐ray analysis.
Design, synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation, molecular docking studies, and in silico prediction of ADME properties for novel pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine and its fused derivatives
Authors: Eldeen Fathi B. Nour , Mousa Sayed A. S. , Othman Ismail M. M. , El‐Qaliei Mohamed I. H.
Published: March 2024

Dienamine 2 was synthesized by reacting 5‐aminopyrazole 1 with two moles of (DMF DMA). Enamine 2 underwent subsequent reactions with various reagents in different reaction media, leading to the formation of distinct compounds. In an acidic environment, enamine 2 reacted with acetyl acetone, benzoyl acetone, dimedone, and ethyl acetoacetate, resulting in the synthesis of compounds 9a, 9b, 13, and 17, respectively. Conversely, in a basic medium, dienamine 2 combined with malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, and malononitrile dimer, yielding compounds 21a, 21b, and 25. Moreover, by reacting with ammonium acetate in acetic acid, dienamine 2 produced compounds 28. The synthesized compounds underwent in vitro testing against various bacterial and fungal strains, revealing significant antibacterial activity against hazardous bacterial strains. To identify potential bacterial targets, an in‐silico study was initiated. Molecular docking investigations indicated that compound 25 exhibited the highest binding affinity toward dihydrofolate reductase and penicillin‐binding proteins. Furthermore, compound 25 demonstrated robust physiochemical properties, bioavailability, and drug‐like characteristics. These results collectively suggest the potential of compound 25 as a promising antibacterial agent with favorable drug properties.
Multicenter prospective observational study to clarify the current status and clinical outcome in Japanese patients who have an indication for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) (TRANSITION JAPAN‐ICD/WCD study): Rationale and design of a prospective, multicenter, observational, comparative study
Authors: Ikeya Yukitoshi , Okumura Yasuo , Kogawa Rikitake , Nagashima Koichi , Nakai Toshiko , Yokoyama Katsuaki , Iso Kazuki , Kato Takeshi , Tsuda Toyonobu , Tachibana Eizo , Hayashida Satoshi , Fukaya Hidehira , Ishizue Naruya , Hayashi Hidemori , Kuroda Shunsuke , Sonoda Kazumasa , Nakahara Shiro , Hori Yuichi , Harada Masahide , Murakami Masato , Iwasaki Yu‐Ki , Aizawa Yoshiyasu , Shimizu Wataru , Fukamizu Seiji , Takami Mitsuru , Kusano Kengo , Ishibashi Kohei , Harada Tomoo , Nakajima Ikutaro , Tabuchi Haruna , Kunimoto Mitsuhiro , Shoda Morio , Higuchi Satoshi , Morishima Itsuro , Kanzaki Yasunori , Kato Ritsushi , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Makimoto Hisaki , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Kario Kazuomi , Arimoto Takanori , Ninomiya Yuichi , Yoshimoto Issei , Sasaki Shingo , Kondo Yusuke , Chiba Toshinori , Yamashita Kennosuke , Mizuno Yosuke , Inoue Masaru , Ueyama Takeshi , Koyama Jyunjiro , Tsurugi Takuo , Orita Yoshiya , Asano Taku , Shinke Toshiro , Tanno Kaoru , Murotani Kenta ,   For the TRANSITION JAPAN‐ICD/WCD study
Published: March 2024

Background

Despite the positive impact of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCDs) on prognosis, their implantation is often withheld especially in Japanese heart failure patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) who have not experienced ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) for uncertain reasons. Recent advancements in heart failure (HF) medications have significantly improved the prognosis for HFrEF. Given this context, a critical reassessment of the treatment and prognosis of ICDs and WCDs is essential, as it has the potential to reshape awareness and treatment strategies for these patients.

Methods

We are initiating a prospective multicenter observational study for HFrEF patients eligible for ICD in primary and secondary prevention, and WCD, regardless of device use, including all consenting patients. Study subjects are to be enrolled from 31 participant hospitals located throughout Japan from April 1, 2023, to December 31, 2024, and each will be followed up for 1 year or more. The planned sample size is 651 cases. The primary endpoint is the rate of cardiac implantable electronic device implementation. Other endpoints include the incidence of VT/VF and sudden death, all‐cause mortality, and HF hospitalization, other events. We will collect clinical background information plus each patient's symptoms, Clinical Frailty Scale score, laboratory test results, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters, and serial changes will also be secondary endpoints.

Results

Not applicable.

Conclusion

This study offers invaluable insights into understanding the role of ICD/WCD in Japanese HF patients in the new era of HF medication.
Evaluating the Alaska Blocking Index as an indicator of wildfire potential in Alaska's central eastern interior
Authors: Ballinger Thomas J. , Lader Rick T. , Bieniek Peter A. , Strader Heidi , Ziel Robert , Bhatt Uma S. , Borries‐Strigle Cecilia , Hostler Joshua , Stevens Eric , Waigl Christine F. , York Alison
Published: March 2024

Increased Arctic air temperatures and evaporative fluxes have coincided with more frequent and destructive high‐latitude wildfires. Arctic fires impact ecosystems and people, especially at the community‐level by degrading air quality, destroying agriculture, and threatening life and property. Central Eastern Interior (CEI) Alaska is one such region that has recently experienced the effects of wildfire activity related to warming air temperatures. To improve our ability to identify fire weather events and assess their potential for extreme outbreaks at actionable lead times relevant to fire weather forecasters and managers, new metrics and approaches need to be established and applied toward understanding the physical mechanisms underlying such wildland fire characteristics. Our study uses a new, regional atmospheric circulation metric, the Alaska Blocking Index (ABI), to describe midtropospheric air pressure around Alaska, which is subsequently related to CEI fire weather conditions at the Predictive Service Area (PSA) scale in climatological and extreme events frameworks. Of note, during years of high fire activity, Build‐Up Index (BUI) values tend to be anomalously high during the duff and drought phases across the CEI PSAs, though comparatively lower BUI values are still associated with high fire activity in the Tanana Zone‐South (AK03S) PSA. Likewise, extreme BUI values are strongly tied to high ABI values and well‐defined upper‐air ridging circulation patterns in the duff and drought periods. The statistical skill of mean daily ABI values in the 6–10 day period preceding extreme duff period BUI values is modest (τ2 > 14%) in the Upper Yukon Valley (AK02) PSA, a hotbed of wildland fire activity. Extremes in ABI and CEI BUI often occur in tandem, yielding regional predictability of upper‐air weather patterns and extremes and underlying surface weather conditions, by statistical and/or dynamical forecast models, imperative for local community and governmental organizations to effectively manage and allocate Alaska's fire weather resources.
Carbon neutrality: Operations management research opportunities
Authors: Zhang Qingyu , Wong Christina W. Y. , Klassen Robert
Published: March 2024

Climate change, primarily driven by greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), is a pressing environmental and societal concern. Carbon neutrality, or net zero, involves reducing carbon dioxide emissions, the most common GHG, and then balancing residual emissions through removing or offsetting. Particularly difficult challenges have emerged for firms seeking to reduce emissions from Scope 1 (internal operations) and Scope 3 (supply chain). Incremental changes are very unlikely to meet the objective of carbon neutrality. Synthesizing a framework that draws together both the means of achieving carbon neutrality and the scope of change helps to clarify opportunities for research by operations management scholars. Companies must assess and apply promising technologies, form new strategic relationships, and adopt novel practices while taking into account costs, risks, implications for stakeholders, and, most importantly, business sustainability. Research on carbon neutrality is encouraged to move beyond isolated discussions focused on specific tactics and embrace a more, though not fully, holistic examination. Research opportunities abound in both theoretical and empirical domains, such as exploring tradeoffs between different tactics, balancing portfolios, and investigating the strategic deployment of initiatives over time. As a research community, we are critically positioned to develop integrative insights at multiple levels, from individual processes to horizontal and vertical partnerships and ultimately to large‐scale systemic realignment and change.