bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heliosphere Configuration Insights from the Voyagers’ Heliopause Crossings and Solar Disturbance Propagations
Authors: Intriligator D S , Miller W D , Intriligator J , Webber W
Published: October 2020

The Voyager 1 and 2 (V1 and V2) crossings of the heliopause (HP) have generated new estimates of the shape of the heliosphere, helped elucidate plasma wave features, and helped clarify particle and field phenomena, all of which provide insights into the overall configuration of the heliosphere and its interaction with the local interstellar medium (LISM). Webber and Intriligator (2011) suggested a consistent offset in the V1 and V2 locations of the termination shock (TS), predicted a shrunken and squashed geometry of the heliosphere, and correctly predicted that V1 would encounter the HP in 2012.0 ± 1 year. Intriligator et al. (2005, 2008) examined how the Halloween 2003 solar events were manifested from the Sun to V1 and V2 at 92.6 and 73.2 AU, giving rise to Global Merged Interaction Regions (GMIRs) and to broad particle, plasma, and magnetic field offsets that could affect the configuration of the heliosphere. The 2012 solar events (Intriligator et al., 2015) appeared to cause a tsunami at V1 and V2 at 128.7 and 102.5 AU and emphasized that space weather often could be interpreted as TS or HP or heliospheric crossings. Washimi et al. (2017) suggested that further complications of these events could propagate from the LISM back into the heliosphere. We conclude that in addition to the LISM magnetic field, the size and shape of the heliosphere are affected on differing time and space scales by changes in the average solar wind dynamic pressure over solar cycles with changing configurations of coronal holes, by pressure increases from GMIRs, and by magnetohydrodynamic instabilities that may be enhanced by energetic neutral atoms formed in GMIRs. We suggest the value of additional simulations that would combine our use of source surface maps of solar activity with other computational refinements.
New results concerning the environment of the heliosphere, nearby interstellar clouds, and physical processes in the inter–cloud medium
Authors: Linsky Jeffrey L , Redfield Seth , Wood Brian E.
Published: October 2020

We present our new results concerning the interface between the outer heliosphere and the local interstellar medium (LISM). The three dimensional shape of the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC) based on 62 sightlines to nearby stars shows a region of very low neutral hydrogen density in the direction of the star ε CMa, the brightest source of extreme-UV (EUV) radiation. This “hydrogen hole” with very weak neutral hydrogen absorption by the LIC and Blue clouds results from photoionization by the EUV radiation from ε CMa. The LIC likely surrounds the heliosphere, but in the direction of the hydrogen hole its neutral hydrogen column density is too low to be measured. Upper limits to this column density and the direction of the Sun’s motion through space indicate that the Sun will leave the outer edge of the LIC in less than 1, 900 years. The measured difference between the speed and direction of incoming neutral hydrogen atoms (measured by IBEX and Ulysses) and the flow vector of the LIC indicate that the plasma at the edge of the LIC has a different flow vector than the LIC core. The inter-cloud plasma and much of the Local Cavity are inside the Str¨omgren sphere (also called an H II region) surrounding ε CMa. The outer edges of the LIC and other clouds are Str¨omgren shells that are partially ionized by the EUV radiation from ε CMa and white dwarfs. The Local Cavity could be a Str¨omgren sphere plasma photoionized by ε CMa and hot white dwarfs that contains low density ionized gas that is not hot. An interstellar probe should measure magnetic field and plasma properties in the VLISM between the heliopause and 600–700 au from the Sun and then enter what is likely the Str¨omgren shell outer edge of the LIC. When the Sun leaves the LIC, it will either enter the G cloud, a transition region between the LIC and the G cloud, or ionized Str¨omgren sphere plasma.
Heuristic Description of Perpendicular Transport
Authors: Shalchi A.
Published: October 2020

The problem of the transport of energetic particles across a mean magnetic field is known since more than 50 years. Previous attempts to describe perpendicular transport theoretically were either based on complicated non-linear theories or computationally expensive simulations. In either case it remained unclear how particles really experience perpendicular transport. In this paper I will present a heuristic approach to solve this problem. Simple arguments will lead to several formulas for the perpendicular diffusion coefficient. These formulas include well-known cases such as compound sub-diffusion and the field line random walk limit but also newer cases such as the collisionless Rechester and Rosenbluth limit. Furthermore, analytical theories such as NLGC and UNLT theories contain a correction factor a2 which is often assumed to be 1/3. The heuristic approach discussed in this article explains this value as well.
Heliospheric Lyman-α Absorption Toward Voyager 2
Authors: Wood Brian E. , Müller Hans-Reinhard
Published: October 2020

Motivated by recent Voyager 2 (V2) measurements of surprisingly high plasma temperatures outside the heliopause, we study the heliospheric hydrogen Lyman-a absorption observed by the Hubble Space Telescope for the closest available line of sight to the V2 direction, 5 Pav, which is 9° from V2. The absorption is well reproduced by a typical global heliospheric model that predicts outer heliosheath temperatures of T«20, 000 K. Arbitrarily increasing these temperatures by a factor of two to be more consistent with the initial T=30, 000-50, 000 K values measured by V2 leads to significant overprediction of absorption. Thus, the high plasma temperatures first encountered by V2 near the heliopause cannot be present throughout the outer heliosheath.
Evidence of magnetic flux ropes downstream of the heliospheric termination shock
Authors: Zhao L L , Zank G P , Adhikari L , Hu Q , Le Roux J
Published: October 2020

Voyager 1 and 2 observed enhanced energetic particle fluxes downstream of the heliospheric termination shock. In this paper, we provide observational evidence of reconnection processes downstream of the shock by applying a wavelet analysis technique to three magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) invariants from the magnetic fleld and plasma fluctuations in the post-HTS region measured by Voyager 2. Our results suggest the existence of possible magnetic islands/flux ropes structures within ∼ 1 AU behind the HTS. The location and scales of these structures are characterized by wavelet spectrograms of the normalized reduced magnetic helicity, normalized cross helicity, and normalized residual energy. Transport theory suggests that these structures may contribute to the acceleration of energetic particles through magnetic reconnection processes. We use a kinetic transport theory to model the energetic proton flux in the region downstream of the HTS. Our results suggest that stochastic acceleration due to magnetic reconnection can explain the ACR proton flux enhancement at a short distance beyond the HTS.
Application of thermodynamics and mathematical modeling on the optimization of the feeding flux rate on a fermentation process as a closed system
Authors: Bricio Barrios E , Figueroa Millán P , Arceo Díaz S , Verduzco Ramírez J , Salazar Torres J
Published: October 2020

Fossil fuels are the main non-renewable energy source that supply communities and cities of electric and motor energy. The high demand for fossil fuels decreases reserves, making it a political, social, and environmental issue. Hence, bioethanol, considered a renewable source compared to other sources of energy, has become a viable alternative. Its manufacturing starts with the previous treatment of agroindustrial or food waste, followed by a fermentation process in a bioreactor and a distillation process for purification. However, the bioethanol production cost is higher than gasoline production because it requires identifying proper operating conditions of the process, traditionally done through trial and error. Therefore, this work describes the simulation of the fermentation of bioethanol, by considering the fermentation thank as a closed thermodynamical system and identifying the optimum biomass feeding flow rate by using the Cuckoo Search algorithm. The identification of the optimal biomass feeding flow rate reduces the substrate consumption time up to 30%, with respect to the process in a batch operation.
Fractional Brownian motion and Hurst coefficient in drinking water turbidity analysis
Authors: Prada D A , Herrera-Jaramillo Y A , Ortega J , Gómez J
Published: October 2020

Brownian motion is a physical phenomenon studied by biologist Robert Brown through which it is possible to describe the random irregular motion of pollen particles suspended in a fluid using the probability of finding a particle at a specific time. In a fractional way, the Brownian movement describes the random fluctuation of continuous stochastic processes which can be characterized by the Hurst coefficient whose initial utility was the observation of the levels of the Nile River to predict the persistence of future phenomena and thus prepare for the drought or flood. Fractional Brownian motion has been used for study in various areas such as hydrodynamics. Water is a vital natural resource for the preservation of species and less than 1% of fresh water is available for human consumption. Turbidity in a measure of the degree of transparency that water loses, the greater the number of solids suspended in the water, the greater the degree of turbidity. With the data provided by the “Acueducto Metropolitano”, Bucaramanga, Colombia between January 2008 and August 2019, volatility and persistence of turbidity were established in the Colombia municipalities of Bucaramanga, Floridablanca and Girón. In the latter, persistent behavior and extreme volatilities are observed. law.
Elementary preservation of the Noetherian condition and the potential applications in computational physics
Authors: Gómez-Ramírez D A J , Vélez-Caidedo J D , Gallego-Gonzalez E
Published: October 2020

We give an elementary proof of the preservation of the Noetherian condition for commutative rings with unity R having at least one finitely generated ideal I such that the quotient ring is again finitely generated, and R is I—adically complete. Moreover, we offer as a direct corollary a new elementary proof of the fact that if a ring is Noetherian then the corresponding ring of formal power series in finitely many variables is Noetherian. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications that this new elementary proof possesses regarding the simplification of conceptual generations in mathematics and computational physics based on the new computational paradigm of Artificial Mathematical Intelligence. In addition, we give a counterexample showing that the ‘completion’ condition cannot be avoided on the former theorem. Lastly, we give an elementary characterization of Noetherian commutative rings that can be decomposed as a finite direct product of fields.
Testing of software development using math and computational physic
Authors: Rodríguez J P , Adarme M A , Gallardo O A
Published: October 2020

In the perspective of math and physical-computational, software testing is conceived as a modeling of scenarios based on the different levels of abstraction that software is developed. These specifications allow marshaled representation of each software component as well as its intra - extra process interactions. This work analyzes in a systems approach under the perspective of computational physics how to identify, interpret, represent, and formally model functional software tests and how, through critical path representations, white box testing is developed. A test scenario is established for components built in the software called “Ferticacao,” where white box testing is applied. Results show that the use of modeling techniques based on critical paths show the interaction of the code and its interoperability at the level of data structures and component calls that allow to quickly analyze the functionality of the software at the source code developing level.
Physical-thermal isolation strategies for the design of sustainable ceramic building units
Authors: Narváez-Ortega M S , Sánchez-Molina J , Díaz-Fuentes C X
Published: October 2020

The architectural envelope constitutes more than the aesthetic expression of the building, currently it represents one of the most important challenges in the configuration of energy efficiency in buildings, the materials that build this skin are responsible for the energy flows that enter the built space, an aspect that becomes especially relevant in tropics climates with warm temperatures up to 33 °C; From this context, the design as an innovation tool allows the configuration of strategies to grant physical properties to the construction units capable of reducing heat transfer through the optimization of its components. Within this investigation, the addition of passive cooling strategies in ceramic pieces designed with sustainable principles is analyzed. As a methodology, thermal simulations are carried out by finite element method considering a thermal conductivity of a ceramic of 0.407 W/m•k applied to three pieces with thermal insulating design to analyze the comparative results in relation to the behavior of temperature distribution and heat flow. This paper presents the results of applying design criteria in innovative pieces for masonry enclosures from the perspective of sustainability based on the thermal properties of a vernacular material, clay, in the Norte de Santander, Colombia.
Impact of learning styles on multiple intelligences in first semester math students
Authors: Jaramillo J E , Rincón Leal J F , Rincón Leal O L
Published: October 2020

The objective of this research was to determine the incidence between learning styles and multiple intelligences in students in the first semester of their degree in Mathematics at the Francisco de Paula Santander University in the second semester of 2019. The study is an exploratory, descriptive correlational design, with a sample of 33 students; Horney Alonso’s learning styles and multiple intelligences questionnaires were used. It was determined that 45.5% of students have a high preference for reflective learning styles and 33.33% for mathematical logical intelligence. When the chi-square test was carried out, it showed a significance of 0.223, that is, the variables have a low level of association. On the other hand, this is confirmed by Spearman’s correlation test with a significance level of 0.242, which concludes that the variables of this research are not very associated.
Pedagogical strategies of the teaching and learning processes of mathematics and physics to strengthen ethical values in students
Authors: Barrera García A M , Gallardo Pérez H J , Vergel Ortega M
Published: October 2020

This research project seeks to analyze the relationship of ethical values with the process of teaching and learning mathematics and physics through a pedagogical strategy in students of the eleventh grade of the “Escuela Bicentenario, Universidad de Pamplona, Colombia”, through the technique of the focus group. Thus, the research process allows us to recognize that ethical values such as responsibility, honesty, justice and solidarity are strengthened through the implementation of pedagogical strategies within the classroom and their impact on the formation of the life project, being the development of physical-mathematical thinking a fundamental axis for the strengthening of values.
Physical and architectural variables in the public space from Women’s perception
Authors: García Diaz I N , García Mendoza J O , Ayala García E T
Published: October 2020

This research aims to establish whether the qualitative deficit of public space affects the use and appropriation of it by women, through the analysis of variables associated with architecture, urban planning and physics. It uses a mixed analytical methodology, through a dimension per measurement, it is longitudinal, non-experimental and transversal. Within this research, concepts of architecture and urban planning such as image-comfort, accessibility-connection, use-activity and sociability were assumed, as well as concepts of physics such as space-time, displacement and trajectory. As a relevant finding, it is highlighted that the poor planning and development of the physical components of the public space, negatively affects the mobility, displacement and trajectories of women, generating a decrease in the use and appropriation of it.
A bio-hybrid odor-guided autonomous palm-sized air vehicle
Authors: Anderson Melanie J , Sullivan Joseph G , Horiuchi Timothy K , Fuller Sawyer B , Daniel Thomas L
Published: October 2020

Biohybrid systems integrate living materials with synthetic devices, exploiting their respective advantages to solve challenging engineering problems. One challenge of critical importance to society is detecting and localizing airborne volatile chemicals. Many flying animals depend their ability to detect and locate the source of aerial chemical plumes for finding mates and food sources. A robot with comparable capability could reduce human hazard and drastically improve performance on tasks such as locating disaster survivors, hazardous gas leaks, incipient fires, or explosives. Three advances are needed before they can rival their biological counterparts: (1) a chemical sensor with a much faster response time that nevertheless satisfies the size, weight, and power constraints of flight, (2) a design, sensor suite, and control system that allows it to move toward the source of a plume fully autonomously while navigating obstacles, and (3) the ability to detect the plume with high specificity and sensitivity among the assortment of chemicals that invariably exist in the air. Here we address the first two, introducing a human-safe palm-sized air vehicle equipped with the odor-sensing antenna of an insect, the first odor-sensing biohybrid robot system to fly. Using this sensor along with a suite of additional navigational sensors, as well as passive wind fins, our robot orients upwind and navigates autonomously toward the source of airborne plumes. Our robot is the first flying biohybrid system to successfully perform odor localization in a confined space, and it is able to do so while detecting and avoiding obstacles in its flight path. We show that insect antennae respond more quickly than metal oxide gas sensors, enabling odor localization at an improved speed over previous flying robots. By using the insect antennae, we anticipate a feasible path toward improved chemical specificity and sensitivity by leveraging recent advances in gene editing.
Exact solution of the position-dependent effective mass and angular frequency Schrödinger equation: harmonic oscillator model with quantized confinement parameter
Authors: Jafarov E I , Nagiyev S M , Oste R , Van der Jeugt J
Published: September 2020

We present an exact solution of a confined model of the non-relativistic quantum harmonic oscillator, where the effective mass and the angular frequency are dependent on the position. The free Hamiltonian of the proposed model has the form of the BenDaniel–Duke kinetic energy operator. The position-dependency of the mass and the angular frequency is such that the homogeneous nature of the harmonic oscillator force constant k and hence the regular harmonic oscillator potential is preserved. As a consequence thereof, a quantization of the confinement parameter is observed. It is shown that the discrete energy spectrum of the confined harmonic oscillator with position-dependent mass and angular frequency is finite, has a non-equidistant form and depends on the confinement parameter. The wave functions of the stationary states of the confined oscillator with position-dependent mass and angular frequency are expressed in terms of the associated Legendre or Gegenbauer polynomials. In the limit where the confinement parameter tends to ∞, both the energy spectrum and the wave functions converge to the well-known equidistant energy spectrum and the wave functions of the stationary non-relativistic harmonic oscillator expressed in terms of Hermite polynomials. The position-dependent effective mass and angular frequency also become constant under this limit.
Recurrence coefficients for discrete orthogonal polynomials with hypergeometric weight and discrete Painlevé equations
Authors: Dzhamay Anton , Filipuk Galina , Stokes Alexander
Published: October 2020

Over the last decade it has become clear that discrete Painlevé equations appear in a wide range of important mathematical and physical problems. Thus, the question of recognizing a given non-autonomous recurrence as a discrete Painlevé equation and determining its type according to Sakai’s classification scheme, understanding whether it is equivalent to some known (model) example, and especially finding an explicit change of coordinates transforming it to such an example, becomes one of the central ones. Fortunately, Sakai’s geometric theory provides an almost algorithmic procedure for answering this question. In this paper we illustrate this procedure by studying an example coming from the theory of discrete orthogonal polynomials. There are many connections between orthogonal polynomials and Painlevé equations, both differential and discrete. In particular, often the coefficients of three-term recurrence relations for discrete orthogonal polynomials can be expressed in terms of solutions of discrete Painlevé equations. In this work we study discrete orthogonal polynomials with general hypergeometric weight and show that their recurrence coefficients satisfy, after some change of variables, the standard discrete Painlevé-V equation. We also provide an explicit change of variables transforming this equation to the standard form.
Artificial Insemination Program of Beef Cattle in Manokwari Regency
Authors: Haryanto Arif , Faidiban Rudolf O. , Supriyantono Andoyo
Published: October 2020

Manokwari is a potential regency to be developed as a center of beef cattle production. One of the activities that have been implemented to increase the productivity of beef cattle is the technology of artificial insemination (AI). The study aims were to determine the success of AI in beef cattle and to evaluate the factors which determine success of AI in Manokwari District. The research was carried out in some districts of AI implementation namely Prafi District, Masni District and Sidey District. The research method was descriptive. The number of respondents were 75 farmers who join in AI program and 5 inseminators. The results of the study indicated that factors determine of the success of AI were thawing, inseminator experience, the number of calf birth, education level of the farmers, the time of AI, the length of work and the number of training. Indicators of artificial insemination were as follow: service per conception (S/C) was 1.8, calving interval (CI) was 12.9 months and calving rate (CR) was 47.11%. Those indicators showed that AI program in Manokwari District was successful.
A combination of Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) extract and Lactobacillus acidophilus on antioxidant capacity and intestinal bacteria in broiler chickens
Authors: Yuanita Iis , Sunarti Dwi , Indrat Wahyuni Hanny , Suthama Nyoman
Published: October 2020

The study was conducted to determine the effect of Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) extract combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus on intestinal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliform in broiler. In vitro study (first experiment) was assigned in a completely randomized design with 3 x 3 factorial scheme. Levels of Dayak onion extract (first factor) were 25% (D1), 50% (D2) and 75% (D3), and levels of Lactobacillus acidophilus (second factor) were 106 cfu/mL (L1), 107 cfu/mL (L2) and 108 cfu/mL (L3). Parameters measured were total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activity. To investigate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliform, in vivo study (second experiment) was conducted using 192 birds of one-day old broiler and were divided into 4 treatments (6 replications, 8 birds each). Dietary treatments were basal diet without combination of Dayak onion extract and Lactobacillus acidophilus (EpLa0), basal diet added with 0.1% EpLa (EpLa1), 0.2% EpLa (EpLa2) and 0.3% EpLa (EpLa3). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test (p<0.05). Increasing levels of Ep extract combined with La significantly (p<0.05) increased phenolic and flavonoid contents, and improved antioxidant activity. Intestinal LAB growth significantly enhanced (p<0.01), while coliform counts significantly decreased (p<0.05) with the increasing level of feeding EpLa. In conclusion, feeding combination of Dayak onion extract and Lactobacillus acidophilus effectively increase antioxidant capacity and improve digestive tract condition based on the higher LAB and lower coliform populations in broiler.
Calf production of Bali cows in cattle-oil palm plantation integration system in Riau Province Indonesia
Authors: Baliarti Endang , Gede Suparta Budisatria I , Panjono  , Andri Atmoko Bayu , Maulana Hamdani
Published: October 2020

The development of cattle in the area of oil palm plantations has the potential to become an agribusiness, but it still needs to be studied in-depth because the cattle business requires a long period with a significant investment. One study that needs to do is the calf production per year because it is directly related to input-output calculations. This study aims to find out the calf production of Bali cows which maintained integrated with oil palm plantations in Riau province, as one of the provinces that has the largest oil palm plantation area in Indonesia. Twenty-three Bali cows grazed with males in a colony were used as research samples. Livestock is kept semi-intensive by grazing in the plantation area from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. then housed without additional feeding. The study conducted from 2016 to 2018; the data recorded for calculating the calf crop is the calving interval, birth rate, and calf mortality. During three years of observation, the calving interval, calving percentage, and calf mortality were 370-421 days, 86-100%, and 10-34% respectively. The calculation obtained that the calf production was 64-72%/year. It concluded that the development of Bali cattle with an integrated system with oil palm plantations has the potential to be an agribusiness opportunity in terms of the calf crop to be obtained.
Quality improvement of fermented wheat pollard with addition of vitamin minerals seen from potential hydrogen content, total lactic acid bacteria and total yeast
Authors: Setya Utama Cahya , Sulistiyanto Bambang , Anta Yolansa Aghnia Balqis
Published: October 2020

The research aim was to examine the quality improvement of fermented wheat pollard with addition of vitamin and minerals. Research material consists of wheat pollard, aquades, fermented cabbage waste, vitamin and minerals. Research method begins with smooth the cabbage waste and added 8% salt and 6,7% molasses from the weight of fresh cabbage, then fermented during 6 days. Fermented cabbage waste was then mixed with wheat pollard which has been preheated at temperature 121°C during 15 minutes and mixed with minerals as much 0; 2,5; 5; 7,5 and 10%, afterwards fermented during 4 days. Research design was with the parameters of potential hydrogen and total lactid acid bacteria using a complete random pattern design with 5 treatments and 3 repetitions, while the parameters total yeast was using descriptive methods. Result of research indicated that potential hydrogen was non significant (p<0,05) in all treatment, total lactid acid bacteria was non significant (p<0,05) in all treatment, while the highest total yeast was with the population 3x105 CFU/ml with type of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The conclusion of research was the wheat pollard fermented with addition of vitamin and minerals had no impact on the potential hydrogen aspects and the total lactic acid bacteria produced, but there was a growing yeast.
Morpho-agronomic diversity analysis of rice in F2 generation as result of low glycaemic index and fine grain crossing
Authors: Perfecta Gennio Reeno , Kusmiyati Florentina , Anwar Syaiful , Herwibawa Bagus
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the morpho-agronomic diversity of rice in F2 generation were further analyzed. A total of 20 genotypes (Sintanur and Logawa as parents, 9 genotypes F2 SL (Sintanur x Logawa), 9 genotypes F2 LS (Logawa x Sintanur)) were investigated for culm color, plant height, flowering time and harvest time. Data were binary-coded for each genotype and calculated using Jaccard’s coefficients, and then were used to construct dendrogram using UPGMA employing the SAHN from the MVSP 3.1. software. Heritability and inbreeding depression were analysed. Analysis of morpho-agronomic diversity showed there were two groups in the coefficient of 0.15. The dendrogram obtained contained two main groups, with SL-2-6 genotype is an effective out-group. The origin of the genotypes was not always related to the cluster. The highest heritability was found for plant height. Negative inbreeding depression was revealed by majority of the F2 population. Construction of diversity can be done using morpho-agronomic and the use of these will allow a quick selection. The result result indicated that F2 generation showed diversity and the strong potential usage for further advanced in low glycaemic index and fine grain rice breeding.
Characteristics and Response of Tourists in Central Java (Case Study of Flower Garden Development Plans in Semarang)
Authors: Nurhayati Azizatun , Suryantini Any , Jamhari  , Nurul Rofiqo Siti , Aziz  , Purwantoro  , Alam Taufan
Published: October 2020

Semarang has a topography ranges from 500-2,000 above sea level and is surrounded by mountains with a relatively cold climate in several locations. This background is to attract for investors to develop nature-based tourism objects, one of which is a flower garden. It was necessary to conduct a preliminary study of the characteristics and responses of tourists in tourist attractions in Central Java. The research was conducted in 2018 in 3 tourist locations in Central Java, namely Borobudur, Kyai Langgeng Park, and Umbul Sidomukti. The respondents in this study were 100 people. The results showed that majority tourist (56%) wished to tour in groups with a total of 3-16 people in one group and chose to design their trip without the assistance of a travel agency (81%). The ability of tourists to pay for ticket-passs is Rp 36,345 - Rp 99,851 for a trip and tickets for the unit are Rp 9,880 - Rp. 63,052. Tourists also can pay for food prices from the range of IDR 16,240-IDR 46,200 and IDR 7,520-IDR 18,100. The results are relevant as one of the references for investors and the government in managing tourism objects in Central Java.
Characteristics of organic rice cultivation of farmer groups at Gajah sub-district, Demak district, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sumarsono  , Wisnu Widjajanto Didik , Yafizham
Published: October 2020

Research was aimed to study the organic rice cultivation technology practiced by farmers at Gajah sub-district, one of organic rice centers in Demak district, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Survey method was used throughout the experiment. Sample of respondents were taken from 3 different organic rice farmer groups such asSri Rahayu, MawarandKumpulsariat Mlatiharjo and Gedondong villages. Primary data was collected quantitatively by distributing questionnaires to the respondent. Data was analyzed to evaluate the performance of inter-group observation and relationship of behavioral levels of organic rice cultivation. The results showed that the dominant level of organic rice cultivation technology were moderate category (78.33%), high category (16.66%), and less category (5.00%), respectively. There was significant difference in regression relationship Y = 18.400 + 0.298 X1+ 0.188 X2(R = 0.544) between knowledge and attitude toward organic farming cultivation level. TheMawarfarmer group showed the highest behavior of organic rice cultivation (36.5 score), but it was not significantly different fromSri Rahayu(34.71 score) andKumpulsari(32.57 score). The level of appplication of organic rice cultivation technology among farmer group was uniform in the medium catagory so it still need to be developed, score).
Competitive Advantage of Banana Stone
Authors: Made Tamba I , Gusti Ngurah Alit Wiswasta I , Tariningsih Dian
Published: October 2020

Banana stone (Musa balbisiana), which was formerly known as wild banana, has now become a tame banana, because it is no longer only found growing on marginal land, but has expanded to become a versatile commercial plant. This study aims to analyze (1) the cost and return of banana stone farming, and (2) the competitive advantage of banana stone. This research was carried out with a survey research approach. Determination of respondents was carried out by stratified random sampling method. Strata is made based on the area of banana stone farming, with 81 people as respondents. The economic value of banana stone was analyzed quantitatively by the analysis of the return cost ratio, and the competitive advantage of banana stone was analysis by a policy analysis matrix (PAM). The result showed that (1) banana stone farming had R/C > 1, economically categorized cultivated, and (2) banana stone farming had a competitive advantage indicated by the PCR coefficient < 1. It was concluded banana stone farming was feasible because every one unit cost incurred result in revenues that are greater than one unit, and to save one foreign exchange unit at the level of private prices required a domestic resources cost that is smaller than one unit. It is recommended that farmers develop further banana stone farming as an instrument to maintain the sustainability of the agricultural sector.
Green financing for supporting sustainable agriculture in Indonesia
Authors: Wayan Budiasa I
Published: October 2020

Sustainable finance is the overall support of the financial services sector to create sustainable economic growth by harmonizing economic, social and environmental interests. It is designed to meet the needs of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as the Paris Agreement on Climate Change (PACC) 2015-2030. The international development financial institutions have committed to transforming their funding to support the SDGs and PACC. In Indonesia, the implementation of sustainable financial policies began with the Financial Services Authority Regulation number 51/POJK.03/2017 concerning the Implementation of Sustainable Finance for Financial Service Institutions, Issuers and Public Companies and Its regulation number 60/POJK.04/2017 concerning the Green Bond, so they have the opportunity to diversify funding sources as well as an instrument for de-risking when financing projects that support to solve the social inequality and environmental damage issues. Present green finance practices in agricultural sector as implementation of sustainable finance policy in Indonesia seems to be very limited. The limited green financing practices in Indonesia, such as for supporting sustainable food crops farming system, sustainable animal husbandry, sustainable fisheries, sustainable plantations, sustainable industrial forests, and organic food and beverages development projects, etc. The financial sources for implementing green financing are from national budgeting, the CPO export levy funds, low interest loan, and corporate social responsibility of Financial Service Institutions, Issuers and Public Companies.
Effect of bio-slurry fertilizer and chicken manure on growth and yield of green bean in latosol
Authors: Yafizham  , Sumarsono
Published: October 2020

In general, latosol soil has a low nutrient content and organic matter, while the productivity of the soil is from moderate to high. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth and production of green beans planted with bio-slurry and chicken manure on latosol soil. This research was conducted at the Screen House of Agrotechnopark, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture, Diponegoro University. This study use a completely randomized design with factorial patterns and three replications. The first factor is bio-slurry fertilizer, namely 300 kg ha−1 (P1), 600 kg ha−1 (P2), and 900 kg ha−1 (P3), while the second factor chicken manure is 0 kg ha−1 (A0), 200 kg ha−1 (A1), 400 kg ha−1 (A2) and 600 kg ha−1 (A3). This research using 12 treatment combination, in which each treatment was repeated five times. Therefore, the total experimental unit were 60 units. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the treatment of bio-slurry fertilizer and chicken manure significantly affected (P<0.05) the number of leaves, number of pods, pod length, weight of 100 grains and weight of seeds per plant. There was no interaction between the treatment of bio-slurry fertilizer and chicken manure for all observed parameters. The highest number of leaves each was obtained from the treatment of bio-slurry fertilizer 900 kg ha−1 (25.46 strands) and 200 kg ha−1 chicken manure treatment (27.70 strands). The treatment of bio-slurry fertilizer up to a dose of 900 kg ha−1 yielded the highest number and length of pods of 16.08 and 13.92 cm respectively. While the highest seed weight per plant of 7.50 g was obtained from bio-slurry fertilizer treatment at a dose of 900 kg ha−1.
Analysis of Social Economy Sustainable Palm Oil Plantations Management based on Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) Criteria in Riau
Authors: Apriyanto Oni , Irham  , Handoyo Mulyo Jangkung , Hardyastuti Suhatmini
Published: October 2020

Indonesian government has obliged palm oil plantation companies to produce sustainable palm oil by the regulation from the Ministry of Agriculture No. 19/2015 about guidelines for Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). This research aims were to study the plantation management of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara V Riau from their existing socio-economic aspects, then to analyze its sustainability according to ISPO’s principles and criteria. The primary data were collected through field observation, distributing questionnaires, and interviews with selected respondents by purposive sampling method. Secondary data was obtained from the company’s data and literature review. The results shows that the process of the land’s approval and the company’s responsibility towards their employee is accordant with ISPO’s preliminary pleas and criteria. Meanwhile, for the plasma plantations, the company’s social responsibility towards local culture development has not been fulfilled yet.
Analysis of Personal Entrepreneurship Quality of The Society in Mandangin Island
Authors: Kisroh Sunyigono Andrie , Hayati Mardiyah , Qomariyah Nor
Published: October 2020

Mandangin Island is one of the beautiful islands in Madura. The government has committed to develop Mandangin Island as an eco-tourism destination. There are several factors that affect the tourism activities. One of the important factors is the quality of human resources. Thus, the society in Mandangin Island should have good personality and entrepreneurship spirits to attract potential tourists. The aims of the study were: 1) to analyze the level of creativity of the Mandangin people to process natural resources; 2) to identify the entrepreneurial spirit of the society to support eco-tourism; and 3) to analyze the personal entrepreneurship quality of the society. The primary data were collected from the society through interviews using questionnaires. Descriptive analyses were used to analyze the data and phenomenon. The result indicated that the society is relatively creative to produce goods based on the marine and fisheries resources but they faced the constraints to develop new products. The respondents have high entrepreneurship spirit. The quality of personal entrepreneurship is high but the society is risk-averse. The society in Mandangin Island has good entrepreneurship to support eco-tourism activity but the government should facilitate and educate them with the relevant skills.
Effect of Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) on Physicochemical Characteristics of Sorghum Flour (Sorghum Bicolor L. moench)
Authors: Ridwan Ariyantoro Achmad , Sigit Amanto Bambang , Kiswuri
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of different of heating temperature using HMT (Heat Moisture Treatment) on the physicochemical characteristics of the modified sorghum flour. Sorghum flour was modified by HMT at temperature (80°C, 90°C, 100°C and 110°C) for 4 hours with 27% of moisture content. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor which are various of heating temperature of HMT (80°C, 90°C, 100°C and 110°C). The whiteness degree, moisture content, solubility, swelling power, water absorption capacity, setback viscosity and gelatinization temperature were investigated. The results showed that increased the heating temperature of HMT lead to decreased whiteness, moisture, solubility, swelling power, setback viscosity, and water absorption. However, HMT could increase gelatinization temperature compare with unmodified flour.
Analysis of Determining Factors and Strategies in Dairy Cattle Agribusiness Improvement to Increase Milk Production in Central Java
Authors: Mukson  , Handayani Miggie , Setiyawan Heri , Subhan Prasetyo Agus
Published: October 2020

This research aims to analyze factors and strategies in dairy cattle agribusiness improvement to increase milk production in Central Java. Survey method was used in this research, the research sites were selected by purposive sampling method, based on the potential development area for dairy cattle business in Central Java. The two sites were: Semarang Regency and Boyolali Regency. Sample of this research are 30 respondents. The data were analyzed descriptively and statistically. Factors in improvement of dairy cattle agribusiness to increase milk production were analyzed using multiple linear regression statistical model. The strategies of dairy cattle agribusiness improvement were analyzed using the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (S.W.O.T) model. The result of this research showed that the independent factors overall significantly influenced (P<0.01) the production of milk, with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.60. It was determined that the best strategy for dairy cattle agribusiness improvement was the SO strategy, which is to utilize strength to achieve business opportunity.
Lignification on Potatoes by Application of Trichoderma viride
Authors: Purwantisari Susiana , Priyatmojo Achmadi , Peni Sancayaningsih Retno , Sri Kasiamdari Rina , Budihardjo Kadarwati
Published: October 2020

Leaf blight disease caused by pathogenic fungus Phytophthora infestans is the major disease in potato that can reduce its production up to 100%. The use of biological agent Trichoderma viride as an inducing potato resistance against leaf blight disease has been considered potential method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of biological agent Trichoderma viride in inducing potato plant resistance against late blight by Phytopthora infestans. Research on induced resistance was conducted in a greenhouse with polybag using Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 6 replications. The parameters observed were the growth and the leaf blight intensity. Induced resistance by using Trichoderma viride against Phytopthora infestans increased in total phenolic compounds in the third and fourth weeks as well as lignification. Observation of lignification on the fifth week showed that lignification occurred in leaf xylem of plants tissue. Trichoderma viride application could improve the systemic resistance of potato plants.
Development of Effective Water Cleaning Process Methods for F&B Water Filtration System
Authors: Muthusamy K , Mahendran R , Natarajan E
Published: October 2020

The daily processes in an F&B (Food and Beverage) industry requires massive amount of water usage that is cleaned by a RO (Reverse Osmosis) membrane. The aim of this study was to study cleaning process of water filtration and propose a new membrane design module for a more efficient approach in cleaning. Membrane cleaning involving chemical and physical aspects has been discussed in this study. Physical cleaning requires the use of velocity and wall shear stress that have been focused on through simulation. In RO membrane treatment, particles are transported based on solution-diffusion mechanism and convective flow that have been studied for improvements in module design. A different structure of spiral-wound membrane module was constructed based on various winding angle and radius between one membrane leaves to another. The compatibility of the new membrane design has been tested through a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software simulation ANSYS Fluent v19.2. Fluids with varying Reynolds number in the range of 4000 to 6000 were integrated for testing. Both existing membrane model and new proposed membrane model were simulated with the same boundary conditions for a justifiable comparison. Based on this study, it was found that the new proposed triangular model was able to achieve higher velocity, wall shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy compared to the existing cylindrical model.
A Preliminary Analysis of Energy Consumption in Academic Buildings
Authors: Dzulkifly Sumayyah , Cheong Hou Yew , Aris Hazleen , Hashim Wahidah , Jørgensen Bo Nørregaard
Published: October 2020

Current technological advancement and pressing environmental issues emphasise the need for better energy management to minimise wasting depleting resources. Energy consumption can generally be divided into two, namely residential and commercial. Commercial energy consumption involves commercial buildings that include, but not limited to, banks, hotels, offices and academic buildings. While awareness on optimising energy use is more evident now, there is still a lack of understanding of the parametric values that are crucial in analysing the energy consumption of a commercial building that is unique to the building’s function. This study aims to identify the relationships between a number of identified variables and the overall building energy consumption. The study intended to become the preliminary case study in identifying the correlations between selected variables and energy consumption. The analysis was carried out using covariance matrix on identified variables such as electricity consumption, user traffics, the maximum outdoor temperature of the month and the academic term. This study identified positive relationships between electricity consumption, user traffic, and maximum outdoor temperature.
Study of Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter based on Deadbeat Control Method
Authors: Haoguang Li , Yan Pang
Published: October 2020

As electrical power converting circuits are widely used in power grid, the harmonic waves are produced in electrical power system, and harmonic waves also causes the decrease of electrical power quality and have adverse effect to the electrical equipment. In order to ease these disadvantageous influences, on the basis of analysing existing series and shunt active electric power filter, a direct current control method based on deadbeat control strategy is proposed in the paper. The principle of deadbeat control method was illustrated first, then a simulation model was built to prove the effectiveness of the method. The simulation result indicated the shunt active filter based on deadbeat control method can obviously improve power quality.