bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre Polímnia e suas irmãs
Authors: Petropoulos Ioannis
Published: October 2019

O plural Μουσάων (“das Musas”) é a primeira palavra da primeira linha da Teogonia de Hesíodo, um poema sobre as origens do mundo e dos deuses – e o começo de Hesíodo como um poeta ensinado e “inspirado” pelas Musas. A partir de várias análises e abordagens, tanto antigas quanto recentes, esse artigo oferece uma reflexão sobre as Musas como agentes intelectuais na iniciativa de compor e apresentar poesia em performance. O tratamento de Platão da inspiração é contrastado com o de Hesíodo; as Musas no Ion servem de fonte para o criticismo do filósofo da mímesis com a sua enárgeia característica. A admissão de Hesíodo que cantores e poetas podem ser enganados pelas Musas é um indicativo da originalidade intelectual Grega, como é o conceito tradicional das Musas.
Potentials of Participatory Mapping to Approach Perceived Community Limits in the Central Andes of Ecuador
Authors: López-Sandoval María F. , Salazar Joel , Gonzáles Diego
Published: October 2019

W artykule przedstawiono, w jaki sposób mapowanie partycypacyjne może przyczynić się do zrozumienia lokalnych znaczeń w zakresie ograniczeń społeczności i postrzegania bezpieczeństwa posiadania wśród rolno-pasterskich społeczności Andów, które uczestniczą w programie płatności z tytułu świadczeń na rzecz ekosystemu (PES). Literatura przedmiotu wskazuje, że zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa posiadania może być dodatkowym elementem uczestnictwa w takich programach. Autorzy skupili się na programie ochrony „Socio Páramo” w celu przeanalizowania, w jaki sposób włączenie gruntów do tego programu wpłynęło na kwestię postrzegania limitów oraz bezpieczeństwa wśród lokalnych społeczności. Zostały zrealizowane dwa studia przypadków na wysoko położonych pastwiskach (páramo) w Ekwadorze. Najpierw użyto map szkicowych, aby dowiedzieć się, w jaki sposób obszar wpisany w program zmodyfi kował struktury przestrzenne terytorium społeczności i jaki typ ograniczeń znajduje się w danej strukturze. Następnie przeprowadzono spacery narracyjne. Badanie ujawniło, że: a) tytuł własności gruntów uzyskany w ramach wdrażania programu jest postrzegany jako warunek wstępny uczestnictwa w programie; b) kwestia wiedzy na temat ograniczeń społeczności páramo jest głównym problemem w przypadku osób starszych, którzy uważają taką wiedzę za kluczowy aspekt, jeśli chodzi o utrzymanie spójności danej społeczności. Wnioskujemy, że mapowanie partycypacyjne jest skutecznym narzędziem służącym wyjaśnianiu obaw dotyczących ograniczeń, zasad i kontroli użytkowania gruntów oraz trwałości życia wspólnotowego, czyli elementów, które należy uwzględnić przy wdrażaniu PES.
Linguistic worldview in multilingual groups as an indicator of developing a communal identity: The case of Esperanto
Authors: Stria Ida
Published: October 2019

Językowy obraz świata jest osadzoną w języku interpretacją rzeczywistości. Powstaje we wspólnocie komunikatywnej nierozerwalnie związanej ze swoją kulturą. Zadaniem etnolingwistyki jest zrekonstruowanie nie tylko obrazów świata, ale także tożsamości społecznych. Opierając się na danych językowych i przyjęzykowych, badacz może przebić się do kulturowo osadzonej wspólnoty komunikatywnej – niekoniecznie jednojęzycznej. Niewątpliwie esperantyści są wielojęzyczną, dobrowolną diasporą. Wykazanie, że esperantyści mają status stabilnej wspólnoty językowej może oprzeć się na danych etnolingwistycznych, na poszukiwaniu jednorodnego kulturowego obrazu świata potwierdzającego ich wspólnotową tożsamość. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono dwa badania pilotażowe, które sugerują, że aktywni esperantyści prezentują spójny obraz świata oparty na poczuciu przynależności do wspólnoty komunikatywnej i jej kulturze.
Kilka uwag o udziale zjawisk gramatycznych w tworzeniu językowego obrazu świata
Authors: Grzegorczykowa Renata
Published: October 2019

Tematem artykułu jest omówienie roli zjawisk gramatycznych w tworzeniu językowego obrazu świata (JOS). Problem jest istotny, gdyż większość badaczy JOS-u skupia się na analizie słownictwa. Przyjmując szerokie rozumienie gramatyki jako całościowego opisu wszelkich mechanizmów umożliwiających funkcjonowanie języka, autorka jest zdania, że w tworzeniu utrwalonego w polszczyźnie obrazu świata uczestniczy przede wszystkim system słowotwórczy (pozwala na tworzenie nowych słów i porządkuje słownictwo, układając je w klasy pojęciowe o formalnych wykładnikach językowych). Natomiast systemy fleksyjny i składniowy są zaangażowane w tworzenie JOS w mniejszym stopniu i w nieco inny sposób. O sposobie konceptualizowania świata mogą świadczyć takie kategorie gramatyczne o funkcji semantycznej, jak liczba, rodzaj gramatyczny w rzeczownikach, czas i modalność oraz spójniki, które utrwalają dostrzeżone relacje między zjawiskami. Kategorie gramatyczne służące wyłącznie tworzeniu tekstu wpływają nie na konceptualizację świata, ale na swoisty dla każdego języka sposób mówienia o świecie, ujmowania świata w wypowiedzi. Służą więc nie funkcji nominatywnej języka, ale jego funkcji komunikatywnej.
Ludowe nazwy ziół w polskim językowym obrazie świata
Authors: Hrycyna Ewa
Published: October 2019

Artykuł dotyczy ludowych nazw ziół analizowanych w ramach programu rekonstrukcji językowego obrazu świata. Na wstępie autorka przypomina ogólne założenia ludowej taksonomii roślin zaprezentowane przez Brenta Berlina, które jej zdaniem dają się zastosować także do polskiego nazewnictwa ziół. W kolejności zwraca uwagę na konieczność krytyki źródeł w celu odróżnienia nazw rzeczywiście utrwalonych w tradycji ludowej od nazw botanicznych, naukowych, niekiedy mechanicznie przenoszonych ze źródeł innojęzycznych. Opowiada się jednak za uwzględnieniem nazw zapożyczonych i przyswojonych. Ilościowe bogactwo nazw ziół dowodzi ich wysokiej rangi praktycznej i kulturowej w środowisku wiejskim, bogactwo to jednak (poprzez analizę słowotwórczą i etymologiczną) daje się sprowadzić do kilku podstaw onomazjologicznych: nazwy tworzone od wyglądu i cech fizycznych, czasu i miejsca rośnięcia, od właściwości użytkowych i kontekstu kulturowego (wierzeniowego). W analizie słowotwórczej istotna jest nie tylko podstawa, ale także formanty, które wskazują na kategorie słowotwórcze, takie jak nazwy „nosicieli cech” czy nazwy „środków czynności”. Autorka twierdzi, że sama analiza słowotwórcza nie jest wystarczająca i musi być uzupełniona oraz potwierdzona innymi danymi językowymi i przyjęzykowymi.
Effect of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine on p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b Genes Expression, Cell Viability, and Apoptosis in PLC/PRF5 and MIA Paca-2 Cell Lines
Authors: Sanaei Masumeh , Kavoosi Fraidoon , Mohammadi Maedeh , Khanezad Maryam
Published: October 2019

Background: Mammalian cell division is regulated by a complex includes cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and cyclins, Cdk/cyclin complex. The activity of the complex is regulated by Cdk inhibitors (CKIs) compressing CDK4 (INK4) and CDK-interacting protein/kinase inhibitory protein (CIP/KIP) family. Hypermethylation of CKIs has been reported in various cancers. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTIs), such as decitabine and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) can reactivate hypermethylated genes. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of 5-aza-CdR on the expression of p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b genes, cell viability, and apoptosis in HCC PLC/PRF5 and pancreatic cancer MIA Paca-2 cell lines.
Materials and Methods: In this laboratory trial, both cell lines were treated with 5-aza-CdR (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μM) to determine cell viability and then with 3 μM to obtain cell apoptosis and relative gene expression. The cell viability, apoptosis, and genes expression were investigated by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, and Real-Time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively.
Results: 5-aza-CdR indicated significant inhibitory effect with all used concentrations (P = 0.003). The apoptotic effect of 5-aza-CdR on PLC/PRF5 cells in comparison to pancreatic cancer MIA Paca-2 cells was more significant (P= 0.001). Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that treatment with 5-aza-CdR (3 μM) for 24 and 48h up-regulated p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b genes expression significantly(P=0.040).
Conclusion: Reactivation of p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b genes by 5-aza-CdR can induce apoptosis and inhibit cell viability in HCC, PLC/PRF5, and pancreatic cancer, MIA Paca-2, cell lines.
Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Cup-Like Nuclei in Blasts with FLT3 Mutation in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Fe Joibi Kimberly , Ibrahim MPath Salfarina , Shafii MPath Nor Fadhilah , Mat Jusoh Siti Asmaa , Mustaffa MPath Rapiaah , Farid Johan Muhammad , Abdullah MPath Wan Zaidah
Published: October 2019

Biologically, Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is highly heterogenous. AML with cup-like blast morphology variant has been reported to have important role in risk group stratification and treatment implications. In pediatric age group, this morphology and its clinical implication is rarely discussed. Although this morphology variant is not stated in World Health Organization (WHO) classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, it is associated with poor outcome from the association with other features. A 10- year old girl diagnosed to have AML with this morphology variant is reported in this study. Her laboratory features were hyperleucocytosis, high D-dimer, and blasts morphology of cup-like cells and few mimic the bilobed features of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML). Further investigation showed clinical and laboratory features similar to what had been reported before in adults, including the presence of adverse marker of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutation. She was treated with chemotherapy, following which the bone marrow examination documented marrow in remission. Unfortunately, she succumbed to the disease complication from sepsis and marrow failure after few months of diagnosis. Haemato-morphologists might consider this unique morphological recognition and correlate it with other findings, including molecular testing for proper clinical evaluation. The blast feature and haematological findings could predict the clinical behaviour of this type of AML and guide the patient management. This morphological variant serves an important role especially if molecular testing is not available in some parts of the world or at the time of presentation when the result is still pending.
Assessment of Mental Workload, Workability and Musculoskeletal Disorders of Firefighters
Authors: Saremi Mahnaz , Fallah Madvari2 Rohollah , Laal Fereydoon , Noorizadeh Najaf , Rahimi Ebrahim
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Firefighting is one of the occupations that requires high physical and aerobic power due to the nature of the job and the physical demands of this profession. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship among Workability index (WAI), mental workload, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their effective factors in firefighters.
Methods:  This study was a cross-sectional study, which was carried out on 250 firefighters in Tehran. Data were collected using WAI, NASA-TLX and Body Discomfort Chart (BDC). Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, linear regression, Pearson correlation, and Spearman tests.
Results: The total mental load was 70.07 ± 6.58. Also, the mean   (standard deviation) of the total WAI score was 38.85 (1.17). Physical workload dimension had the highest value among mental workload dimensions (93.49±8.93). The results showed that WAI is increased by 0.14 by augmentation of one unit at the academic level of firefighters (p = 0.03). The most common discomfort was reported in the lower (50 people (20%)) and upper (42 people (16.8%)) regions of the back. The total WAI relationship with total mental workload was positive and insignificant (p>0.05). There was a significant and reverse association between WAI and discomfort in the wrist, leg, and ankle.
Conclusion: Despite the low rate of MSDs, even mild symptoms of musculoskeletal pain should be considered. Given the high level of mental workload, improving physical, psychosocial and social working conditions is important in increasing the ability of employees and augmenting the ability of their occupational activity.
Factors Influencing Skin Cancer Preventive Behaviors Based on the Extended Parallel Process Model in Yazd University of Medical Sciences Students, 2017
Authors: Mazloomy Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed , Gerayllo Sakineh , Mizani Nafise
Published: October 2019

Background: Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers that is mostly caused by ultraviolet radiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting skin cancer preventive behaviors in medical sciences students based on the extended parallel process model that is responsible for the future health of the community.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 students who were selected by the simple random sampling method in Yazd in 2017. The data were collected by translating the questionnaire based on the extended parallel process model. The data were analyzed by SPSS-18 software and descriptive tests and non-parametric Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman correlation and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05.
 Results: The mean age of participants was 22.01 ± 5.24, more than half of whom (57.3%) used sunscreen as a self-protective behavior against the sunlight. The perceived severity construct had the highest score among the constructs (79.53) and preventive behaviors score (61.7). Among the demographic variables, gender had a significant statistical difference with the constructs of fear and behavioral intention, and preventive behaviors and economic status variable in the perceived response efficacy construct. Among the model constructs, the behavioral intention was the strongest behavioral predictor of skin cancer prevention (p< 0.000,β =0.589).
Conclusion: In view of the findings, it seems necessary to increase protective behaviors against sunlight and skin cancer prevention by removing existing barriers including cultural issues. Also, recurrent training can be effective in promoting behavioral intention of student in preventing skin cancer.
Experimental Study of the Performance of A Novel Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Agbormbai James , Zhu Weidong
Published: October 2019

The basic equation for estimating the aerodynamic power captured by an Anderson Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (AVAWT) is a solution of the Navier-Stokes(N-S) equations for a baroclinic, inviscid flow. In a nutshell, the pressure difference across the AVAWT is derived from Bernoulli’s equation; an upshot of the integration of the N-S momentum equation for a baroclinic inviscid flow, Euler’s momentum equation. The resulting expression for the pressure difference across the AVAWT rotor is plotted as a function of freestream speed. Experimentally determined airstream speeds at the AVAWT inlet and outlet, coupled with corresponding freestream speeds are used in estimating the aerodynamic power captured. The aerodynamic power is subsequently used in calculating the aerodynamic power coefficient of the AVAWT. The actual power coefficient is calculated from the power generated by the AVAWT at various free stream speeds and plotted as a function of the latter. Experimental results show that, at all free stream speeds and tip speed ratios, the aerodynamic power coefficient is higher than the actual power coefficient of the AVAWT. Consequently, the power generated by the AVAWT prototype is lower than the aerodynamic power captured, given the same inflow wind condition.
Preventive Effect of Cardiotrophin-1 Administration before DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice
Authors: Sanchez-Garrido Ana I , Prieto-Vicente Vanessa , Blanco-Gozalo Victor , Arevalo Miguel , Quiros Yaremi , Lpopez-Montañes Daniel , Lopez-Hernandez Francisco J. , Rodriguez-Perez Antonio , Lopez-Novoa José M
Published: October 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relatively frequent, chronic disease that impacts significantly the patient’s quality of life. Although many therapeutic options are available, additional approaches are needed because many patients either do not respond to current therapies or show significant side effects. Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a cytokine with potent cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. The purpose of this study was to assess if the administration of CT-1 could reduce colon damage in mice with experimental UC. UC was induced with 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water. Some mice received i.v. dose of CT-1 (200 µg/kg) 2 hours before and 2 and 4 days after DSS administration. Animals were followed during 7 days after DSS. The severity of UC was measured by standard scores. Colon damage was assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Inflammatory mediators were measured by Western blot and PCR. CT-1 administration to DSS-treated mice ameliorated both the clinical course (disease activity index), histological damage, inflammation (colon expression of TNF-α, IL-17, IL-10, INF-γ, and iNOS), and apoptosis. Our results suggest that CT-1 administration before UC induction improves the clinical course, tissue damage and inflammation degree in DSS-induced UC in mice.
Synthesis, Photophysics and Solvatochromic Studies of an Aggregated-Induced-Emission Luminogen Useful in Bioimaging
Authors: Espinar-Barranco Laura , Meazza Marta , Linares-Perez Azahara , Rios Ramon , Paredes Jose Manuel , Crovetto Luis
Published: October 2019

Biological samples are a complex and heterogeneous matrix where different macromolecules with different physicochemical parameters cohabit in reduced spaces. The introduction of fluorophores into these samples, such as in the interior of cells, can produce changes in the fluorescence emission properties of these dyes caused by the specific physicochemical properties of cells. This effect can be especially intense with solvatofluorochromic dyes, where changes in the polarity environment surrounding the dye can drastically change the fluorescence emission. In this article, we studied the photophysical behavior of a new dye and confirmed the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon with different approaches, such as by using different solvent proportions, increasing the viscosity, forming micelles and adding bovine serum albumin (BSA), through analysis of the absorption and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence. Our results show the preferences of the dye for nonpolar media, exhibiting AIE under specific conditions through immobilization. Additionally, this approach offers the possibility of easily determining the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Finally, we studied the rate of spontaneous incorporation of the dye into cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging and observed the intracellular pattern produced by AIE. Interestingly, different intracellular compartments present strong differences in fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime. We used this difference to isolate different intracellular regions to selectively study these regions. Interestingly, the fluorescence lifetime shows a strong difference in different intracellular compartments, facilitating selective isolation for a detailed study of specific organelles.
Aquatic Macrophytes are Seasonally Important Dietary Resources for Moose
Authors: Tischler Keren B. , Severud William J. , Peterson Rolf O. , Bump Joseph K.
Published: October 2019

Moose (Alces alces) are generalist herbivores but are important aquatic-terrestrial ecotone specialists. Aquatic macrophytes are a high-quality food source for moose during the summer, however their relative importance to moose diet is difficult to study. We used stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen from moose hooves and forage (terrestrial plants, aquatic macrophytes, and arboreal lichen) to estimate the diet of moose at Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, USA, and to evaluate the isotopic variability along chronologies of serially sampled hooves. We hypothesized that aquatic macrophyte consumption and winter body condition (as measured by bone marrow fat content) would be greater at the eastern end of the island where aquatic habitats were most abundant. We were unable to evaluate spatial differences in aquatic macrophyte consumption, but overall, our mixing model results suggest that between 13% and 27% of summer moose diet was from aquatic sources. Among moose that died during winter, body condition was impaired and hoof δ15N (measured at the hairline) was higher at the western end of the island, where aquatic habitats are sparse. Although isotope chronologies preserved in hooves could significantly enhance our understanding of ungulate foraging ecology, interpretation of such chronologies is presently limited by our lack of knowledge pertaining to hoof growth rate and seasonal dynamics in relation to age and health. Significant isotope distinction among terrestrial plants, aquatic macrophytes, and arboreal lichens indicate that continued methodological advances in stable isotope ecology will lead to more precise estimates of the contribution of aquatic feeding to moose population dynamics.
Discovery and Development of Safe-in-Man Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents
Authors: Andersen Petter I. , Ianevski Aleksandr , Lysvand Hilde , Vitkauskiene Astra , Oksenych Valentyn , Bjoras Magnar , Telling Kaidi , Lutsar Irja , Dumpis Uga , Irie Yasuhiko , Tenson Tanel , Kantele Anu , Kainov Denis E.
Published: October 2019

Viral diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Broad-spectrum antiviral agents (BSAA) are key players in control of viral diseases. Here, we reviewed the discovery and development process of BSAAs, focusing on compounds with available safety profiles in human. We summarized the information on approved, investigational and experimental safe-in-man BSAAs in freely accessible database at https://drugvirus.info/. The number of these BSAAs will be increased as well as their spectrum of indications will be expanded pending the results of further pre-clinical and clinical studies. This will ultimately reinforce the arsenal of available antiviral options and provide better protection of general population from emerging and re-emerging viral diseases.
Assessing Legacy Effects of Wildfires on the Crown Structure of Fire-Tolerant Eucalypt Trees Using Airborne Lidar Data
Authors: Karna Yogendra K. , Penman Trent D. , Aponte Cristina , Bennett Lauren T.
Published: October 2019

Fire-tolerant eucalypt forests of south eastern Australia are assumed to fully recover from even the most intense fires but surprisingly very few studies have quantitatively assessed that recovery. Accurate assessment of horizontal and vertical attributes of tree crowns after fire is essential to understand the fire’s legacy effects on tree growth and on forest structure. In this study, we quantitatively assessed individual tree crowns 8.5 years after a 2009 wildfire that burnt extensive areas of eucalypt forest in temperate Australia. We used airborne lidar data validated with field measurements to estimate multiple metrics that quantified the cover, density, and vertical distribution of individual-tree crowns in 51 plots of 0.05 ha in fire-tolerant eucalypt forest across four wildfire severity types (unburnt, low, moderate, high). Significant differences in the field-assessed mean height of fire scarring as a proportion of tree height, and in the proportions of trees with epicormic (stem) resprouts were consistent with the gradation in fire severity. Linear mixed-effects models indicated persistent effects of both moderate- and high-severity wildfire on tree crown architecture. Trees at high-severity sites had significantly less crown projection area and live crown width as a proportion of total crown width than those at unburnt and low-severity sites. Significant differences in lidar-based metrics (crown cover, evenness, leaf area density profiles) indicated that tree crowns at moderate- and high-severity sites were comparatively narrow and more evenly distributed down the tree stem. These conical-shaped crowns contrasted sharply with the rounded crowns of trees at unburnt and low-severity sites, and likely influenced both tree productivity and the accuracy of biomass allometric equations for nearly a decade after the fire. Our data provide a clear example of the utility of airborne lidar data for quantifying the impacts of disturbances at the scale of individual trees. Quantified effects of contrasting fire severities on the structure of resprouter tree crowns provide a strong basis for interpreting post-fire patterns in forest canopies and vegetation profiles in lidar and other remotely-sensed data at larger scales.
The Role of the Central Limit Theorem in the Heterogeneous Ensemble of Brownian Particles Approach
Authors: Vitali Silvia , Budimir Iva , Runfola Claudio , Castellani Gastone
Published: October 2019

The central limit theorem (CLT) and its generalization to stable distributions have been widely described in literature. However, many variations of the theorem have been defined and often their applicability in practical situations is not straightforward. In particular, the applicability of the CLT is essential for a derivation of heterogeneous ensemble of Brownian particles (HEBP). Here, we analyze the role of the CLT within the HEBP approach in more detail and derive the conditions under which the existing theorems are valid.
Disseminated lung disease in elderly patient with multimorbidity and HIV infection (clinical case)
Authors: Yakovleva E. V.
Published: October 2019

Disseminated lung diseases have similar non-specific manifestations in various etiologies, pathogenesis, and morphology. Pulmonary dissemination is the concept of X-ray, there are no pathognomonic symptoms on a radiograph that are inherent in a particular disease with pulmonary dissemination, therefore, in real clinical practice, differential diagnosis in pulmonary dissemination is the prerogative of the physician. Diseases that are manifested by pulmonary dissemination can be classified by dissemination of infectious causes (tuberculosis, HIV-associated dissemination, fungal lesions), malignant pulmonary lesions (carcinomatosis, cancer lymphangitis), cardiogenic dissemination and interstitial lung diseases. In recent years, the incidence of allergic interstitial lung diseases has increased. Infectious lesions of the lungs in patients with HIV infection and reduced immune status in many cases also have a disseminated form and cause difficulties in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis. The article presents a clinical case of pneumocystis pneumonia in an HIV-infected patient with pulmonary dissemination syndrome on X-ray. The difficulties of the diagnostic search with low compliance of the patient and the physician are shown (a patient registered with HIV for 10 years hid this fact of his history from the attending physician and gave a written refusal to get tested for HIV fibrobronchoscopy). The possibility of introducing compulsory HIV screening for all patients admitted to the hospital with disseminated processes in the lungs has been considered.
Hydrocarbon-Phase Behaviors in Shale Nanopore/Fracture Model: Multiscale, Multicomponent, and Multiphase
Authors: Zhao Yinuo , Jin Zhehui
Published: October 2019

Hydrocarbon recovery from shale subformations has greatly contributed to the global energy supply and has been constantly reshaping the energy sector. Oil production from shale is a complex process in which multicomponent–fluid mixtures experience multiphase transitions in multiscale volumes (i.e., nanoscale pores are connected to fractures/macropores). Understanding such complicated phenomena plays a critical role in the estimation of ultimate oil recovery, well productivity, and reserves estimation, and ultimately in policy making. In this work, we use density–functional theory (DFT) to explicitly consider fluid/surface interactions, inhomogeneous–density distributions in nanopores, volume partitioning in nanopores, and connected macropores/natural fractures to study the complex multiphase transitions of multicomponent fluids in multiscale volumes. We found that vapor–like and liquid–like phases can coexist in nanopores when pressure is between the bubblepoint and dewpoint pressures of nanoconfined fluids, both of which are much lower than those of the originally injected hydrocarbon mixtures. As the volume ratio of the bulk at the initial condition to pores decreases, both the bubblepoint and the dewpoint in nanopores increase and the pore two–phase region expands. Within the pore two–phase region, both C1 and C3 are released from the nanopores to the bulk phase as pressure declines. Meanwhile, both liquid and vapor phases become denser as pressure drops. By further decreasing pressure below the dewpoint of confined fluids, C3 in the nanopore can be recovered. Throughout the process, the bulk–phase composition varies, which is in line with the field observation. Collectively, this work captures the coupled complexity of multicomponent and multiphase fluids in multiscale geometries that is inherent to shale reservoirs and provides a theoretical foundation for reservoir simulation, which is significant for the accurate prediction of well productivity and ultimate oil recovery in shale reservoirs.
Etiological profile and clinical characteristics of segmental/lobar pattern pneumonia in hospitalized children
Authors: Yanxia Wang , Liji Ma , Ying Li , Li Yuyun , Zheng Yanfei , Zhang Xiaoyue
Published: October 2019

The occurrence of segmental/lobar pattern pneumonia in children increases with years recently. The pathogens of the disease may change for the abuse of antibiotics and the application of pneumococal vaccines. The pathogens of segmental/lobar pattern pneumonia in hospitalized children and their association with clinical characteristics are poorly understood nowadays. The current study retrospectively analyzed the pathogens and clinical characteristics of segmental/lobar pattern pneumonia in children at a single hospital between 1 st Jan 2014 and 31 st Dec 2018. The pathogens and their associations with clinical characteristics were statistically analyzed. A total of 593 children with segmental/lobar pattern pneumonia received treatment at a single hospital during the study period. 451 patients were positive for one pathogen and 83 patients were positive for two pathogens or more. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.pneumoniae) (72.34%) was the most commonly detected pathogen, followed by streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) (8.77%). The infection of M.pneumoniae in children with segmental/lobar pattern pneumonia increased with years (p<0.05). The positive rate of M.pneumoniae increased with ages of patients (p<0.05). M.pneumoniae was statistically associated to the extrapulmonary manifestations while S.pneumoniae was statistically associated with abnormal WBCs and CRPs (p<0.05). In a summary, M.pneumoniae was the most positive pathogen of segmental/lobar pattern pneumonia in hospitalized children. The positive rate of M.pneumoniae in children with segmental/lobar pattern pneumonia increased with years and the ages of children. M.pneumoniae was associated with extrapulmonary manifestations while S.pneumoniae was associated with abnormal WBCs and CRPs.
New Insights into cytotoxic metabolites produced by Streptomyces griseus isolate KJ623766: Large scale production, structure elucidation and biological activities
Authors: Zaid Ahmed S. Abu , Aleissawy Ahmed E. , Aboshanab Khaled , Yassien Mahmoud A. , Hassouna Nadia A.
Published: October 2019

Natural products particularly microbial metabolites have been the mainstay of cancer chemotherapy and are likely to provide many of the lead structures and derivatives with new biological activities. In this research, the production of some potential cytotoxic metabolites from Streptomyces (S.) griseus isolate KJ623766 was carried out in 1 4 L laboratory fermenter under specified optimum conditions (28°C temperature, 200 RPM rotation speed, uncontrolled PH, 3 vvm aeration and 2 bar airflow pressure). Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay, the cytotoxic activity of the ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) extract of cell free culture supernatant (CFCS) against Caco2 and Hela cancer cell lines was determined with CD 50 of 14 µg/ml and 20 µg/ml, respectively. Bioassay guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract using different chromatographic techniques had led to the purification of the cytotoxic metabolites coded W1, R1 and R2 with reproducible amounts of 20, 5, and 1.5 mg/l, respectively. The structures of respective metabolites were determined using various spectroscopic analysis and identified as genistein, β-rhodomycinone and γ- rhodomycinone, respectively. Accordingly, S. griseus isolate KJ623766 can be used as a potential industrial strain for the large scale production of the isoflavonoid genistein, as well as for the production of β-and γ- rhodomycinone to be used for the construction of new derivatives with more potent cytotoxic activities of the anthracycline family. This is the first report about the production of the isoflavonoid genistein by S. griseus KJ623766.
Evaluation of the application of Clinical Pathways in therapy of Cerebral infarction Patients in China Using the Hospital Database: a Real-world Study
Authors: Wang Bin , Xin Ling , Di Chen , Kong Tao , Zhou Hongwi , Qi Xie
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND A real-world study was performed to evaluate the application of clinical pathways (CP) in treatment of cerebral infarction patients compared with normal medical care. The benefit of clinical pathways application was evaluated by assessing the length of in-hospital stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs in treatment of cerebral infarction patients.METHODS Data were derived from our hospital database. We enrolled all patients who underwent stroke treatment (International Classification of Diseases, 10th rev. ed., Clinical Modification [ICD- 10-CM] procedure I63.90) between June 1, 2015 and May 31, 2016. The criteria within this evaluation included the average LOS and costs (hospitalization, drugs, laboratory and radiology). Student’s t-test and nonparametric Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test were performed and statistical significance was set as 0.05. Results were presented as mean ± SE.
Predictors of Ischemic Events Secondary to Cervicocerebral Artery Dissection
Authors: Cheng Wenchao , Wang Yuhan , Lian Yajun , Zheng Yake , Shi Yinping , Wu Shouyi , Huang Zhi
Published: October 2019

Objective : To identify the predictors of ischemic events secondary to cervicocerebral artery dissection (CAD).
Methods : Consecutive patients with cervicocerebral artery dissection from 2010 to 2017 were registered as study subjects, who were classified as patients with and without ischemic events. Clinical data were collected prospectively, such as demographics, vascular risk factors, headache and neck pain, dissection site and laboratory test. A case-control study was performed to compare the clinical data between two groups.
Results : A total of 130 patients with cervicocerebral artery dissection were included, in which 70.0% (91/130) suffered from ischemic events, including 81 ischemic strokes and 10 transient ischemic attacks. There were 46.2% (42/91) and 25.6% (10/39) of the artery dissections located in the anterior circulation in the CAD patients with and without ischemic events respectively ( p =0.029). The average level of HDL was (1.14±0.38) mmol/L in the CAD patients with ischemic events, and (1.28±0.48) mmol/L in the CAD patients without ischemic events ( p =0.083). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between anterior circulation and ischemic events (OR=3.204, 95% CI 1.305-7.863, p =0.011) and HDL level was negatively correlated with ischemic events (OR=0.335, 95% CI 0.130-0.867, p =0.024) in CAD patients.
Conclusion : Ischemic events are common complications of cerebrovascular disease in CAD patients, especially for those with an artery dissection located in the anterior circulation and low serum HDL level.
Key Word : cervicocerebral artery dissection, ischemic event, HDL, anterior circulation, predictor
Selective Activation of Chloroplast psbD Light-Responsive Promoter and psaA/B Promoter in Transplastomic Tobacco Plants Overexpressing Arabidopsis Sigma Factor AtSIG5
Authors: Nozoe Mikio , Tsunoyama Yuichi , Ishizaki Yoko , Nakahira Yoichi , Shiina Takashi
Published: October 2019

Background:

Plastid-encoded eubacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) plays a critical
role in the transcription of photosynthesis genes in chloroplasts. Notably, some of the reaction
center genes, including psaA, psaB, psbA, and psbD genes, are differentially transcribed by PEP in
mature chloroplasts. However, the molecular mechanism of promoter selection in the reaction
center gene transcription by PEP is not well understood.

Objective:

Sigma factor proteins direct promoter selection by a core PEP in chloroplasts as well as
bacteria. AtSIG5 is a unique chloroplast sigma factor essential for psbD light-responsive promoter
(psbD LRP) activity. To analyze the role of AtSIG5 in chloroplast transcription in more detail, we
assessed the effect of AtSIG5 hyper-expression on the transcription of plastid-encoded genes in
chloroplast transgenic plants.

Results:

The chloroplast transgenic tobacco (CpOX-AtSIG5) accumulates AtSIG5 protein at
extremely high levels in chloroplasts. Due to the extremely high-level expression of recombinant
AtSIG5, most PEP holoenzymes are most likely to include the recombinant AtSIG5 in the CpOXAtSIG5
chloroplasts. Thus, we can assess the promoter preference of AtSIG5 in vivo. The
overexpression of AtSIG5 significantly increased the expression of psbD LRP transcripts encoding
PSII reaction center D2 protein and psaA/B operon transcripts encoding PSI core proteins.
Furthermore, run-on transcription analyses revealed that AtSIG5 preferentially recognizes the
psaA/B promoter, as well as the psbD LRP. Moreover, we found that psbD LRP is constitutively
active in CpOX-AtSIG5 plants irrespective of light and dark.

Conclusion:

AtSIG5 probably plays a significant role in differential transcription of reaction center
genes in mature chloroplasts.
Investigating The Retention Potential of Chitosan Nanoparticulate Gel: Design, Development, In Vitro & Ex Vivo Characterization
Authors: Kaul Shreya , Jain Neha , Pandey Jaya , Nagaich Upendra
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

The main purpose of the research was to develop, optimize and
characterize tobramycin sulphate loaded chitosan nanoparticles based gel in order to ameliorate
its therapeutic efficacy, precorneal residence time, stability, targeting and to provide
controlled release of the drug.

Methods:

Box-Behnken design was used to optimize formulation by 3-factors (chitosan,
STPP and tween 80) and 3-levels. Developed formulation was subjected for characterizations
such as shape and surface morphology, zeta potential, particle size, in vitro drug release
studies, entrapment efficiency of drug, visual inspection, pH, viscosity, spreadability,
drug content, ex vivo transcorneal permeation studies, ocular tolerance test, antimicrobial
studies, isotonicity evaluation and histopathology studies.

Results:

Based on the evaluation parameters, the optimized formulation showed a particle
size of 43.85 ± 0.86 nm and entrapment efficiency 91.56% ± 1.04, PDI 0.254. Cumulative
in vitro drug release was up to 92.21% ± 1.71 for 12 hours and drug content was found between
95.36% ± 1.25 to 98.8% ± 1.34. TEM analysis unfolded spherical shape of nanoparticles.
TS loaded nanoparticulate gel exhibited significantly higher transcorneal permeation
as well as bioadhesion when compared with marketed formulation. Ocular tolerance was
evaluated by HET-CAM test and formulation was non-irritant and well-tolerated. Histopathology
studies revealed that there was no evidence of damage to the normal structure of
the goat cornea. As per ICH guidelines, stability studies were conducted and were subjected
for 6 months.

Conclusion:

Results revealed that the developed formulation could be an ideal substitute
for conventional eye drops for the treatment of bacterial keratitis.
The Structure and Function of α, β and γ-Secretase as Therapeutic Target Enzymes in the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Syed S. , Khan Shahzad , Kamal Mohammad A. , Wasi Umam
Published: October 2019

:

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system. There are several factors that cause AD, like, intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau tangles, collection of extracellular Amyloid-β42 and generation of reactive oxygen species due to mitochondrial dysfunction. This review analyses the most active target of AD and both types of AD-like early-onset AD and late-onset AD. BACE1 is a β-secretase involved in the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The presenilin proteins play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer malady by intervening the intramembranous cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and the generation of amyloid β. The two homologous proteins PS1 and PS2 speak to the reactant subunits of particular γ-secretase edifices that intercede an assortment of cellular processes. Natural products are common molecular platforms in drug development in AD. Many natural products are being tested in various animal model systems for their role as a potential therapeutic target in AD. Presently, there are a few theories clarifying the early mechanisms of AD pathogenesis. Recently, research advancements in the field of nanotechnology, which utilize macromolecular strategies to make drugs in nanoscale measurements, offer nanotechnology-based diagnostic tools and drug carriers which are highly sensitive for effective drug targeting in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Study of Various Virulence Genes, Biofilm Formation and Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Hamam Sanaa S. , El Kholy Reem M. , Zaki Maysaa E. S.
Published: October 2019

Objective:

The aims of the current study were to evaluate the capacity of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospital-acquired urinary tract infection to form biofilm, the relation of this capacity to various virulence genes and the prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) among these isolates by phenotypic and genotypic methods.

Material and Methods:

The study included 100 non-duplicate strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from 100 different urine samples from patients with hospital-acquired urinary tract infection. The isolated strains were studied for biofilm formation, ESBL production by phenotypic methods. Molecular studies were applied for the detection of ESβLs genes blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M and for detection of virulence genes fimH, uge, rmpA, mag A, wzy, kfa and aerobactin genes.

Result:

The majority of the isolates had the capacity to form a biofilm (81%), with ESBL prevalence rate 41%. The most prevalent gene among ESBL producing K. pneumoniae was blaCTX-M (73.2%) followed by blaSHV (53.6%) and blaTEM (51.2%). Among the virulence genes studied in K. pneumoniae isolates, the most prevalent gene was fimH (76%), uge (70%). There was significant association between ESBL production, and resistance to amikacin, cefepime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, imipenem and meropenem and biofilm production in K. pneumoniae isolates. There was significant association between blaCTX-M, blaSHV, fimH, mag, kfa, wzy, rmpA and aerobactin and biofilm production in K. pneumoniae.

Conclusion:

The present study highlights the prevalence of virulence genes among biofilm-forming strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospital-acquired urinary tract infection. Moreover, there was association between biofilm formation and ESBL production. Further studies are required to elucidate the clinical impact of the association of these different mechanisms.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Kondisi Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Persepsi Penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja
Authors: Hartono Arief , Sutopo Sutopo
Published: October 2019

The aims of the study are to find out the influence of the following factors to the occupational health and safety (OHS) implementation perception: knowledge, attitude, working environment conditions, and all the three factors together. This research used the ex-post facto method. The population is 95 students. Data were collected using tests, questionnaire, and observation. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. The results show these following influences to the OHS implementation perception:  knowledge 5.6%, attitude 7%, and working environment conditions 8.3%. The combined knowledge, attitude, and working environment conditions have influenced the OHS implementation perception by 15.2%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan terhadap persepsi penerapan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, pengaruh sikap, kondisi lingkungan kerja, pengetahuan terhadap persepsi penerapan K3. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ex- post facto. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 95 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, kuesioner dan observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengetahuan berpengaruh terhadap persepsi penerapan K3 sebesar 5,6%. Sikap berpengaruh positif terhadap persepsi penerapan K3 sebesar 7%. Kondisi lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap persepsi penerapan K3 sebesar 8,3%. Pengetahuan, sikap dan kondisi lingkungan kerja secara bersama- sama berpengaruh terhadap persepsi penerapan K3 sebesar 15,2%.
Pencapaian Peranan BKK dalam Penyaluran Lulusan Teknik Pengelasan di SMK DIY
Authors: Darunnajah Darunnajah , Hargiyarto Putut
Published: October 2019

This research aims to study the achievement of Special Labor Market’s roles in the distribution of the welding study program graduates through the management process (planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling), and the obstacles that occurred. This research also study students’ perception of the Special Labor Market (BKK) work program. The methods of this research is descriptive research. The instruments for data collection are questionnaire, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis. The research samples are the 5 leaders of BKK and 117 class XII students of welding study program. Result of the research indicate the following scores of the management process aspects: planning 85,6%, organizing 78,3%, actuating 80,3%, and controlling 93,1%. The distribution that have been carried out still puts the workforce out of their field of expertise. The obstacles that occurred during the distribution are: graduates are not ready to work out of their hometown or the parents did not give permission for them to work outside their hometown. The overall graduates’ perception towards the implementation of labor market work program related to graduates is in the category of ‘good’ with a score of 66,5%Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) capaian peranan BKK dalam penyaluran lulusan teknik pengelasan melalui proses manajemen dan 2) persepsi siswa terhadap program kerja BKK yang berhubungan langsung dengan siswa dan alumni. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian adalah 5 Ketua BKK dan 117 Siswa Kelas XII Teknik Pengelasan di wilayah Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa skor proses manajemen BKK pada aspek perencanaan 85,6%, aspek pengorganisasian 78,3%, aspek pelaksanaan 80,3%, dan aspek pengendalian 93,1%. Penyaluran yang dilaksanakan masih menempatkan lulusan bekerja di luar bidang keahliannya. Hambatan yang dihadapi adalah terdapat lulusan yang belum siap untuk bekerja di industri luar kota dan orang tua lulusan yang belum memberi ijin lulusan untuk bekerja di industri luar kota. Persepsi siswa secara keseluruhan terhadap pelaksanaan program BKK yang berkaitan dengan siswa dan alumni termasuk dalam kategori baik dengan persentase sebesar 66,5%.