bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of a scientific creativity test of the three-dimensional model
Authors: Wiyanto W , Hidayah I
Published: June 2021

Research on scientific creativity as a domain-specific creativity has begun to develop. A literature review on scientific creativity has been carried out using identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion procedures, with paper sources from the IJSE, DOAJ, ERIC, IOP Science, ScienceDirect, and Springer Link websites, in the 2001-2019 period. There were 49 papers on scientific creativity that were published in that period. The results of this study indicate that the scientific creativity test developed by Hu and Adey is the beginning of increasing scientific creativity research as a domain-specific creativity. Therefore, a further review of Hu and Adey’s test needs to be done in order to reveal the characteristics and development of the test. To achieve this goal, 49 papers were scanned with the keyword “Hu and Adey”, and finally 26 papers were obtained. The results of this further review show that Hu and Adey’s test has the following characteristics: using a classical approach (creativity is divergent thinking); using domain of science, covering the three dimensions (product, trait, and process); using the essay test format; and promoting more objective scoring. Hu and Adey’s scientific creativity test has been referenced, applied and developed by several researchers. The benefit of this literature review is to show the advantages of the scientific creativity test required to measure one of the twenty-first century skills.
The development and validation of science digital scrapbook in a universal design for learning environment
Authors: Wusqo I U , Pamelasari S D , Khusniati M , Yanitama A , Pratidina F R
Published: June 2021

Traditional learning materials are dominating the pattern of lectures at science teaching and learning. This strategy is not optimal to empower slow learners. This research aims to develop and validate digital scrapbooks based on the universal design for learning (UDL). This is a research and development (R & D) using the 4-D model by Thiagarajan. The data collection and analysis method used in the early stage was the questionnaire method to obtain expert validation data. All data were analyzed descriptively. Furthermore, the data were gathered using the documentation method to obtain videos, images, and sounds as well as questionnaires to obtain expert assessments of science teaching materials contained in the UDL-based science digital scrapbooking. This article reports the development and validation of the UDL-based science digital scrapbook. The research results showed that this teaching media is valid.
Characterization and QC practice of 16-channel ADC ASIC at cryogenic temperature for Liquid Argon TPC front-end readout electronics system in DUNE experiment
Authors: Lopriore E. , Braga D. , Chen H. , Christian D. , Dabrowski M. , Deptuch G. , Fried J. , Furic I. , Gao S. , Grace C.R. , Hoff J. , Holm S. , Lin C.-J. , Miryala S. , Prakash T. , Tang S. , Vernon E. , Zhang J.
Published: June 2021

ColdADC is a low-noise 16-channel analog-to-digital converter ASIC designed for cold readout electronics of Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). ColdADC was specifically designed for operation at cryogenic temperatures (77 K–89 K). Cold electronics is considered to be an enabling technology for liquid argon detectors in neutrino experiments. The main function of the chip is to digitize signals from the 16-channel charge-sensitive amplifier designed at BNL (LArASIC) and send digitized signals to the data aggregator and serializer chip (COLDATA). ColdADC operates with a resolution of 12 bits and a sampling rate of 2 MS/s per channel. A complete characterization of prototype chips was conducted at cryogenic temperature, involving power consumption, noise and linearity performance. In the first DUNE Far-Detector module, 384000 data channels will be read out, corresponding to 24000 ColdADC chips. Therefore, systematic testing of ColdADC chips at cryogenic temperature is vital for the quality and reliability of DUNE Single-Phase modules. We have developed a Quality Control (QC) test stand that includes ColdADC evaluation and characterization at cryogenic temperature. The QC procedure was applied to a first batch of 33 chips, corresponding to 528 data channels. The obtained results meet all the required DUNE specifications for ColdADC. Moreover, the testing outcome allowed us to identify possibilities of performance optimization that are currently being addressed in the design of the next version of the chip. The Quality Control procedure is proved to be successful and will be a reference design for future large-batch production testing of final ColdADC ASICs.
Increasing confidence in projecting the Arctic ice-free year with emergent constraints
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhou Xiao , Ding Qinghua , Liu Jiping
Published: June 2021

An ice-free Arctic summer is a landmark of global change and has the far-reaching climate, environmental, and economic impacts. However, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models’ projected occurrence remains notoriously uncertain. Finding emergent constraints to reduce the projection uncertainties has been a foremost challenge. To establish a physical basis for the constraints, we first demonstrate, with numerical experiments, that the observed trend of Arctic ice loss is primarily driven by the Arctic near-surface air temperature. Thus, two constraints are proposed: the Arctic sea ice sensitivity that measures Arctic sea ice response to the local warming, and the Arctic amplification sensitivity that assesses how well the model responds to anthropogenic forcing and allocates heat to the Arctic region. The two constraints are complementary and nearly scenario-independent. The model-projected first Arctic ice-free year significantly depends on the model’s two climate sensitivities. Thus, the first Arctic ice-free year can be predicted by the linear combination of the two Arctic sensitivity measures. Based on model-simulated sensitivity skills, 20 CMIP models are divided into two equal number groups. The ten realistic-sensitivity models project, with a likelihood of 80%, the ice-free Arctic will occur by additional 0.8 °C global warming from 2019 level or before 2040 under the SSP2-4.5 (medium emission) scenario. The ten realistic-sensitivity models’ spread is reduced by about 70% compared to the ten underestimate-sensitivity models’ large spread. The strategy for creating physics-based emergent constraints through numerical experiments may be instrumental for broad application to other fields for advancing robust projection and understanding uncertainty sources.
The modification of dry season cropping pattern with the maximum net income possibility in Lam Pao operation and maintenance project, Kalasin province
Authors: Luangcharoenlarp S , Changjan A
Published: June 2021

This research aims to find the solution for the dry season irrigation problem in Lam Pao operation and maintenance project, Kalasin province. The modification of dry season cropping pattern was a process when the irrigation water was shortage. The long-term data records from 1987 to 2020, a total of 33 years, the maximum cultivated area was in 2020. The total area of 300,353 rai were 295,304 rai of dry season rice, 97 rai of field crops, 100 rai of vegetables, 1,496 rai of fish ponds and 3,356 rai of shrimp ponds. The minimum cultivated area was in 1994. The total area of of 3,419 rai were 209 rai of dry season rice, 2,552 rai of field crops, 488 rai of vegetables. 35 rai of fishponds and 135 rai of shrimp ponds. The dry season area in 2020, 10 crop varieties, were glutinous rice, rice, sweet corn, watermelon seeds, seed, cantaloupe seeds, tomato seeds, asparagus, fishpond and shrimp pond. The crop with maximum net income was cantaloupe seeds, 446,000 baht/rai of net profit. The other crops with lower net income in descending order were tomato seeds 363,600 baht/rai, zucchini seeds 76,450 baht/rai, shrimp pond 49,000 baht/rai, watermelon seeds 18,500 baht/rai, asparagus 16,000 baht/rai, fishpond 12,000 baht/rai, glutinous rice 4,904 baht/rai, rice 1,514 baht/rai and sweet corn 1,200 baht/rai. However, the modification of dry season cropping pattern concerned not only the maximum net income but also the farming skill, market demand and farmer lifestyle.
Improvement in corrosion resistance of wire arc additive manufactured Inconel 625 alloy through heat treatment
Authors: Zhao Xipeng , Di Xinjie , Zhang Xi , Li Chengning
Published: June 2021

In this study, an Inconel 625 component was fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding-based additive manufacturing and the as-deposited specimens were heat treated at 980 and 1100 °C for 1.0 h, respectively. The effects of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance and microstructure were investigated. Potentiodynamic polarization tests showed that the as-deposited Inconel 625 alloy had disparities in corrosion resistance compared with wrought Inconel 625 alloy. The corrosion resistance deteriorated after heat treatment at 980 °C due to needle-like δ phases provided more sites to pitting initiation. While the corrosion potential (Ecorr) increased by 32%, passivation current density (Icorr) decreased by 52% after heat treatment at 1100 °C, which was comparable with that of wrought Inconel 625 alloy. Detailed microstructural examination demonstrated the recrystallization occurred with the dissolution of Laves and δ phases, weakening of 〈001〉 orientation, decrease of low angle grain boundaries and formation of large numbers of stable twin grain boundaries. All the evolution of the crystal and microstructure contributed to the striking corrosion resistance of the 1100 °C heat-treated Inconel 625 alloy.
The Cardiovascular Cost of Silence: Relationships Between Self-silencing and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Midlife Women
Authors: Jakubowski Karen P , Barinas-Mitchell Emma , Chang Yue-Fang , Maki Pauline M , Matthews Karen A , Thurston Rebecca C
Published: June 2021

Background

Individuals engage in a range of behaviors to maintain close relationships. One behavior is self-silencing or inhibiting self-expression to avoid relationship conflict or loss. Self-silencing is related to poor mental health and self-reported physical health in women but has not been examined in relation to cardiovascular health, particularly using direct measures of the vasculature.

Purpose

To test associations between self-silencing and carotid atherosclerosis in midlife women; secondary analyses examined moderation by race/ethnicity.

Methods

Women (N = 290, ages 40–60) reported on self-silencing in intimate relationships and underwent physical measurements, blood draw, and ultrasound assessment of carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) and plaque. Associations between self-silencing and mean IMT and plaque index (0, 1, ≥2) were tested in linear regression and multinomial logistic regression models, respectively, followed by interaction terms between self-silencing and race, adjusted for demographic factors, CVD risk factors, partner status, depression, physical activity, and diet.

Results

Forty-seven percent of women demonstrated carotid plaque. Greater self-silencing was related to increased odds of plaque index ≥2 (e.g., for each additional point, odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.16 [1.03–1.31], p = .012), relative to no plaque). Moderation analyses indicated that self-silencing was related to odds of plaque index ≥2 in non-white women (1.15 [1.05–1.26], p = .004), but there was no significant relationship in white women (1.01 [0.97–1.06], p = .550). No associations emerged for IMT.

Conclusions

Among midlife women, self-silencing was associated with carotid plaque, independent of CVD risk factors, depression, and health behaviors. Emotional expression in relationships may be important for women’s cardiovascular health.
Parthenogenesis and Sex-Ratio Distorting Bacteria inEmpoasca(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Leafhoppers
Authors: Aguin-Pombo Dora , Rodrigues Marilia C P A , Voetdijk Betsie , Breeuwer Johannes A J
Published: June 2021

Endosymbiotic bacteria can induce parthenogenesis in many haplo-diploid species, but little is known about their role in asexual reproduction in diplodiploids. Bacteria are essential for reproduction in the asexual lineages of springtails and booklice, and possibly some weevils, but whether they are the causative agent of parthenogenesis remains to be proven. This would require comparing unisexual forms and their closely related bisexual species, but such model species are very rare. Empoasca leafhoppers from the Madeira Archipelago provide an excellent case to test whether bacterial infections can cause parthenogenesis. Here we examined the diversity of the sex-distorting bacteria, Wolbachia, Cardinium, Rickettsia, and Arsenophonus, in three apomictic morphotypes (A, B, C) and three bisexual relatives of Empoasca. Wolbachia of group B was present in all unisexual and bisexual species. Rickettsia were the only bacteria restricted to the three unisexual forms, suggesting an association between infection and asexual reproduction. In addition, we found Asaia for the third time in the Cicadellidae, although this may have little to do with the reproductive mode of its host. Adult females of morphotype C reared on plants watered with tetracycline solution did not result in the production of male offspring. To our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest a possible association between bacterial infection and parthenogenesis in apomictic XO/XX diplodiploid bisexual species based on a range of sex ratio-distorting bacteria.
Survival and outcomes for stroke survivors living in care homes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Clery Amanda , Martin Finbarr C , Redmond Patrick , Marshall Iain , McKevitt Christopher , Sackley Catherine , Manthorpe Jill , Wolfe Charles , Wang Yanzhong
Published: June 2021

Background

Stroke survivors living in care homes require high levels of support with everyday living. The aims of this study were to describe the survival, health status and care received by stroke survivors living in care homes at 1-year post-stroke, compared with those in their own homes.

Methods

A total of 3,548 stroke survivors with a first ever stroke between 1998 and 2017 in the South London Stroke Register were identified for survival analysis. A total of 2,272 were included in the 1-year follow-up analysis. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier plots were used to describe survival, stratified into four 5-year cohorts. Health status, medications and rehabilitation received at 1-year post-stroke were compared using descriptive statistics.

Results

Over the 20-year period, survival improved for stroke survivors discharged to their own home (P < 0.001) but not for those discharged to care homes (P = 0.75). Care home residents were highly disabled (median Barthel index: 6/20, interquartile range: 2–10). Rates of secondary stroke prevention medications at 1-year follow-up increased over time for care home residents, including antiplatelets from 12.3 to 38.1%, although still lower than for those in their own homes (56.3%). Speech and language problems were common in the care home population (40.0%), but only 16% had received speech and language therapy.

Conclusions

Rates of secondary stroke prevention prescribing increased over 20 years but remained lower in care home residents. The lower levels of rehabilitation received by stroke survivors in care homes, despite their higher levels of disability, suggest a gap in care and urgent need for restorative and/or preventative rehabilitation.
libOmexMeta: enabling semantic annotation of models to support FAIR principles
Authors: Welsh Ciaran , Nickerson David P , Rampadarath Anand , Neal Maxwell L , Sauro Herbert M , Gennari John H
Published: June 2021

As the number and complexity of biosimulation models grows, so do demands for tools that can help users better understand models and make those models more findable, shareable and reproducible. Consistent model annotation is a step toward these goals. Both models and tools are written in a variety of different languages; thus, the community has recognized the need for standard, language-independent methods for annotation. Based on the Computational Modeling in Biology Network community consensus, we introduce an open-source, cross-platform software library for semantic annotation of models.

Availability and implementation

libOmexMeta is freely available at https://github.com/sys-bio/libOmexMeta under the Apache License 2.0. A live demonstration is at github.com/sys-bio/pyomexmeta-binder-notebook.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Epidemiology of Brucellosis in California, 1993–2017: A Continuing Foodborne Disease Risk for Older Latinos
Authors: Fritz Curtis L , Nguyen Alyssa , Vugia Duc J
Published: June 2021

Background

Brucellosis is a severe occupational or foodborne zoonosis throughout much of the world. Although eradicated from domestic cattle in the United States, brucellosis remains a disease risk to people through acquisition and consumption of animal products from endemic countries.

Methods

Cases of human brucellosis reported through the California public health disease surveillance network were reviewed for 1993 to 2017.

Results

From 1993 to 2017, 492 cases of brucellosis were reported in California residents. Persons aged >65 years represented less than 20% of cases, but incidence in this age group (0.94 cases per 1 000 000 population per year) was more than twice the incidence in persons aged <19 years (0.44). Incidence was 10 to 20 times greater among Latinos compared with non-Latinos across all age groups and both sexes. Brucella melitensis was identified in 80% of patients for whom cultured Brucella were identified to the species level. Of 187 case patients who reported consuming specifically unpasteurized dairy products, more than 90% reported acquiring these products from outside of the United States, most commonly from Mexico. In the latter half of the study period (2006–2017), 73% of Latino case patients who reported consuming dairy products mentioned specifically Mexican-style soft cheese (queso fresco).

Conclusions

This study underscores the continuing serious health threat of brucellosis for Latinos in California, particularly older men, and the need for targeted public health messaging on preventing the risk presented by importation and consumption of unpasteurized dairy products from outside of the United States, principally Mexico.
Multiculturalism, Biotechnology, and Biopolitics in Zadie Smith’sWhite Teeth
Authors: Johnston Justin Omar
Published: June 2021

This article traces the critical reception of Zadie Smith’s debut novel White Teeth (2000) to argue that both neoliberal and neoconservative interpretations of her work (and personal celebrity) have distorted the novel’s critique of contemporary biopolitics as a project of debilitating inclusion and racial eugenics. Rather than treating White Teeth as a “hysterical” or “naive” celebration of multiculturalism, this essay, focused on the ending of the novel, instead argues that White Teeth not only anticipates criticisms of multiculturalism as an inadequate model of belonging but also, more importantly, demonstrates a biopolitical understanding of race as a category that manages the distribution of life chances in postcolonial Britain. Drawing on work by Jasbir Puar, Achille Mbembe, and Luce Irigaray, this reframing of White Teeth opens new connections between her early work and her more recent “pessimistic” novels, such as Swing Time.
Changes of stent-graft orientation after frozen elephant trunk treatment in aortic dissection
Authors: Osswald Anja , Schucht Robert , Schlosser Thomas , Jánosi Rolf Alexander , Thielmann Matthias , Weymann Alexander , Ruhparwar Arjang , Tsagakis Konstantinos
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES

Our goal was to evaluate the extent of stent-graft (SG) elastic recoil in the descending aorta after the frozen elephant trunk procedure in acute (AAD) and chronic (CAD) aortic dissection as well as the impact of SG movement on distal stent graft-induced new entry (d-SINE).

METHODS

We retrospectively analysed 149 (105 AAD, 44 CAD) of 259 aortic dissection patients after the frozen elephant trunk procedure between January 2005 and April 2019. Inclusion criteria were at least 1-year computed tomography angiography (CTA) aortic examinations during a follow-up time of 3.8 ± 2.7 years and absence of open or endovascular reintervention. Multiplanar reconstruction of CTA scans was used to define the SG vector position and movement in a virtual Cartesian coordinate system. The angle φ of vector movement and changes of aortic areas at the distal landing zone were analysed.

RESULTS

The distal SG position changed over time in the cranial (10.06 ± 11.12 mm), dorsal (8.45 ± 11.12 mm) and lateral (4.96 ± 9.89 mm) directions (P < 0.001). The total change of φ (4.08 ± 7.03°) was greater in AAD than in CAD (P = 0.026). d-SINE was more common in CAD (P < 0.001) and was associated with the size of the aortic area, aortic area enlargement and continuous SG unfolding (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

With the frozen elephant trunk technique, movement and change of SG orientation in the descending aorta were observed over time. Elastic recoil was greater in AAD than in CAD. The incidence of d-SINE was particularly dependent on the size of the aortic lumen and SG radial expansion and less on elastic recoil.
Targeting non-pulmonary vein triggers in persistent atrial fibrillation: results from a prospective, multicentre, observational registry
Authors: Della Rocca Domenico G , Di Biase Luigi , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Trivedi Chintan , Gianni Carola , Romero Jorge , Tarantino Nicola , Magnocavallo Michele , Bassiouny Mohamed , Natale Veronica N , Mayedo Angel Quintero , Macdonald Bryan , Lavalle Carlo , Murtaza Ghulam , Akella Krishna , Forleo Giovanni B , Al-Ahmad Amin , Burkhardt John David , Gallinghouse Gerald Joseph , Sanchez Javier E , Horton Rodney P , Viles-Gonzalez Juan F , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Natale Andrea
Published: June 2021

Aims

We evaluated the efficacy of an ablation strategy empirically targeting pulmonary veins (PVs) and posterior wall (PW) and the prevalence and clinical impact of extrapulmonary trigger inducibility and ablation in a large cohort of patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF).

Methods and Results

A total of 1803 PerAF patients were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) extended to the entire PW. A standardized protocol was performed to confirm persistent PVAI and elicit any triggers originating from non-PV sites. All non-PV triggers initiating sustained atrial tachyarrhythmias were ablated. Ablation of non-PV sites triggering non-sustained runs (<30 s) of atrial tachyarrhythmias or promoting frequent premature atrial complexes (≥10/min) was left to operator’s discretion. Overall, 1319 (73.2%) patients had documented triggers from non-PV areas. After 17.4 ± 8.5 months of follow-up, the cumulative freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias among patients without inducible non-PV triggers (n = 484) was 70.2%. Patients with ablation of induced non-PV triggers had a significantly higher arrhythmia control than those whose triggers were not ablated (67.9% vs. 39.4%, respectively; P < 0.001). After adjusting for clinically relevant variables, patients in whom non-PV triggers were documented but not ablated had an increased risk of arrhythmia relapse (hazard ratio: 2.39; 95% confidence interval: 2.01–2.83; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Pulmonary vein antrum isolation extended to the entire PW might provide acceptable long-term arrhythmia-free survival in PerAF patients without inducible non-PV triggers. In our population of PerAF patients, non-PV triggers could be elicited in ∼70% of PerAF patients and their elimination significantly improved outcomes.
New-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill acute kidney injury patients on renal replacement therapy
Authors: Hellman Tapio , Uusalo Panu , Järvisalo Mikko Johannes
Published: June 2021

Aims

The effect of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) on mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) requiring continuous veno-venous haemodialysis (CVVHD) or intermittent haemodialysis (IHD) is unknown. Thus, we examined the incidence of NOAF in critically ill AKI patients undergoing CVVHD or IHD and the association between the timing of NOAF incidence in relation to renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation and 1-year mortality.

Methods and results

Out of the 733 consecutively recruited ICU patients requiring RRT within the study period of 2010–2019, 516 patients without prior atrial fibrillation history were included in this retrospective study. Clinical comorbidities, medications and biochemistry as well as outcome data for 1-year all-cause mortality were recorded. Episodes of NOAF were collected from the pooled rhythm data covering the entire ICU stay of every patient. The median age was 64 (inter-quartile range 19) years, 165 (32%) were female, and 356 and 160 patients received CVVHD and IHD, respectively. NOAF was observed in 190 (37%) patients during ICU care and 217 (42%) patients died within the 1-year follow-up. Incident NOAF was independently associated with 1-year mortality in the multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting for dialysis modality, need for mechanical ventilation or vasopressor support and Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II score. However, NOAF diagnosed after RRT initiation was not associated with mortality.

Conclusion

NOAF emerging before RRT initiation is associated with increased mortality in critically ill AKI patients requiring RRT. However, NOAF during RRT does not seem to be associated with mortality.
Dynamic localization of DNA topoisomerase I and its functional relevance during Drosophila development
Authors: Huang Wuqiang , Liu Zhiping , Rong Yikang S
Published: June 2021

DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) maintains chromatin conformation during transcription. While Top1 is not essential in simple eukaryotic organisms such as yeast, it is required for the development of multicellular organisms. In fact, tissue and cell-type-specific functions of Top1 have been suggested in the fruit fly Drosophila. A better understanding of Top1’s function in the context of development is important as Top1 inhibitors are among the most widely used anticancer drugs. As a step toward such a better understanding, we studied its localization in live cells of Drosophila. Consistent with prior results, Top1 is highly enriched at the nucleolus in transcriptionally active polyploid cells, and this enrichment responds to perturbation of transcription. In diploid cells, we uncovered evidence for Top1 foci formation at genomic regions not limited to the active rDNA locus, suggestive of novel regulation of Top1 recruitment. In the male germline, Top1 is highly enriched at the paired rDNA loci on sex chromosomes suggesting that it might participate in regulating their segregation during meiosis. Results from RNAi-mediated Top1 knockdown lend support to this hypothesis. Our study has provided one of the most comprehensive descriptions of Top1 localization during animal development.
Mitigating bias in inversion of InSAR data resulting from radar viewing geometries
Authors: Dumont Quentin , Cayol Valérie , Froger Jean-Luc
Published: June 2021

InSAR data acquired from ascending and descending orbits are often characterized by different magnitudes of the observed line-of-sight displacements, which may potentially bias inverse models. Using synthetic numerical models of dyke intrusions, we show that biased solutions are obtained when carrying out ‘conventional’ inversions where only observation and modelling errors are taken into consideration. To mitigate the impact of the relative magnitudes of the data, we propose two methods: a covariance weighting inversion and a wrapped data inversion. These methods are compared to a conventional inversion using synthetic data generated by models of dykes of known geometry. We find that the covariance weighting method allows to retrieve an initial source geometry better than the other methods. These methods are then applied to the July 2017 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise. Using a covariance weighting inversion, the difference in fit between data sets decreases from 50% to 20 % and the newly estimated source is in better agreement with the geological context.
Source characteristics and seismotectonic implications of the 26 September 2019Mw 5.7 Silivri High-Kumburgaz Basin earthquake and evaluation of its aftershocks at the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Central Marmara Sea, NW Turkey)
Authors: Irmak Tahir Serkan , Yolsal-Çevikbilen Seda , Eken Tuna , Doğan Bülent , Erman Ceyhun , Yavuz Evrim , Alçık Hakan , Gaebler Peter , Pınar Ali , Taymaz Tuncay
Published: June 2021

The Central Marmara Sea region hosts the northwestern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) with its known seismic gap between the 1912 Ganos (Mw 7.2) and 1999 Izmit (Mw 7.4) major devastating earthquakes and thus poses a significant seismic hazard potential for the megacity Istanbul. The 26 September 2019 Mw 5.7 Silivri High-Kumburgaz Basin (central Marmara Sea) earthquake ruptured a thrust fault with a minor strike-slip component at the north of the eastern end of this gap relatively in the shallow depth (h= 8 km) range. Thus, in this study, we examine source properties of the main shock activity and coseismic behaviour of the failure, and the pattern of post-seismic deformation based on the aftershock distribution to have an insight into the role of the subsidiary and main fault structures on the crustal kinematics along this complicated branch of the NAFZ. The relocated epicentres are aligned in the E–W direction and tend to propagate towards the segments to the east of the main shock. The detected aftershock activity appears to focus on the east side of the main shock and almost no seismic activity was observed to the west of the epicentre. Independent investigations from coda-wave fitting, point-source, and finite-fault slip modelling agree on the moment magnitude of Mw5.7 for the 26 September 2019 main shock. The kinematic rupture model of this event implied that the main rupture nucleated around the hypocentre, and then propagated bilaterally along the E–W direction but with significant progress towards the east. The distribution of the slip vectors indicates that the rupture evolved on a dextral thrust fault plane. The spatio-temporal behaviour of the overall aftershocks sequence, their focal mechanism solutions and our kinematic slip model clearly shows that the existing secondary structures developed in simple shear dextral deformation are likely responsible for the main shock activity. We conclude that such type of deformation model results in a motion in response to the thrust faulting with strike-slip component with an N89°W (271°) orientation and 33°NE dipping at left stepover transpressional region on the NAFZ.
Lateral fluid propagation and strike slip fault reactivation related to hydraulic fracturing and induced seismicity in the Duvernay Formation, Fox Creek area, Alberta
Authors: Konstantinovskaya Elena , Li Qiuguo , Zhmodik Alexey , Ibelegbu Charles , Schultz Ryan , Shipman Todd
Published: June 2021

Fault shear slip potential is analysed in the area where induced earthquakes (up to 3.9 Mw) occurred in May–June 2015 approximately 30 km south of Fox Creek, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Canada. The induced earthquakes were generated by the hydraulic fracturing of the Upper Devonian Duvernay Formation. Interpretation of a 3-D seismic survey and analysis of the ant tracking attribute identifies a linear discontinuity that likely represents a subvertical fault with strike length of 1.4 km, which is aligned with the zone of induced earthquake hypocentres. 1-D–3-D geomechanical modelling is conducted to characterize mechanical rock properties, initial reservoir pressure and stress field. Hydraulic fracture propagation and reservoir pressure buildup simulations are run to analyse lateral fluid pressure diffusion during well treatment. The interaction of natural fractures introduced as Discrete Fracture Network and hydraulic fractures is tested. 3-D poroelastic reservoir geomechanical modelling is completed to simulate slip reactivation of the identified fault zone. The obtained results support that additional pressure buildup of 20 MPa in treatment wells can propagate laterally along hydraulic fractures (and potentially natural fracture network) for about 550 m and reach the fault zone. The increase of fluid pressure by 20 MPa in the fault zone results in dextral slip along the fault, mostly in the interval of the Duvernay and overlying Ireton Formations, corroborating prior focal mechanism results and hypocentral depths. The simulations indicate that lateral transmission of additional fluid pressure from the fracturing stimulation area to the fault zone could happen in a few days after the treatment of lateral wells that is supported by the observed induced earthquakes. This study helps to quantify changes in fluid pressure and stresses that may result in fault shear slip during hydraulic fracturing and predict the potential of induced seismicity connected to hydrocarbon production from the Duvernay Play.
The Cultivation of Parent and Child Materialism: A Parent–Child Dyadic Study
Authors: Russell Cristel A , Shrum L J
Published: June 2021

Research has shown that television viewing cultivates a materialistic worldview in children. However, other socialization factors may also influence children’s materialism. The current research tests two socialization pathways of parental influence: (a) an indirect path in which parents pass on their own materialism to their children, and the parent’s materialism is at least partly the result of a parent cultivation effect (parent cultivation); (b) an indirect path in which parents pass on their television viewing behavior to their children, which in turn positively predicts the children’s level of materialism (child cultivation). The results of two studies (initial study plus direct replication, N = 818) of U.S. parent–child dyads with 14- to 17-year-old children support the first path but not the second: The relation between parent TV viewing and child materialism is mediated through parent materialism. Child TV viewing is positively correlated with child materialism, but is nonsignificant when parent materialism is controlled.
Feasibility and clinical relevance of HIV-1 drug resistance testing in patients with low-level viraemia in South Africa
Authors: Bangalee Avania , Hans Lucia , Steegen Kim
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To determine the feasibility of HIV genotyping at low-level viraemia (LLV) using an in-house assay in a South African population and the prevalence, as well as the clinical relevance, of drug resistance (HIVDR) in this population.

Methods

We conducted an observational, retrospective, cohort study on patient samples with LLV referred for routine HIVDR testing at a public sector Johannesburg laboratory from August 2017 to October 2018. Genotyping was performed using a nested RT–PCR assay and Sanger sequencing. The genotyping success rate was evaluated for different viraemia categories. Sequences were loaded onto the Stanford HIVdb genotypic resistance tool (version 8.7) for drug resistance interpretation.

Results

Plasma samples from 159 HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced adults with LLV (5–999 copies/mL) were analysed. The in-house assay performed well with an overall success rate of 78.6% (125/159, 95% CI 71.6–84.3). The prevalence of drug resistance mutations in the LLV cohort was 79.2% (99/125, 95% CI 71.2–85.4) with most patients (n = 109, 68.6%) on a PI-based regimen at the time of genotyping. Of 125 sequences obtained, 73.6% (92/125) had ≥1 NRTI mutation while 70.4% (88/125) had ≥1 NNRTI mutation. Major PI mutations, including M46I and V82A, were detected in 7.2% (9/125) of patients.

Conclusions

Current South African virological failure guidelines may keep patients on failing regimens for longer than necessary. Our data suggest that genotyping at LLV is feasible and implementation could result in earlier identification and referral of patients requiring third-line regimens.
Transferrin predicts outcome in patients who underwent liver resection for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Furukawa Kenei , Onda Shinji , Taniai Tomohiko , Hamura Ryoga , Kumamoto Tomotaka , Shirai Yoshihiro , Yasuda Jungo , Haruki Koichiro , Shiozaki Hironori , Gocho Takeshi , Ikegami Toru
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between preoperative serum transferrin level and long-term outcomes in patients with colorectal liver metastases after hepatic resection.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated 72 patients who underwent hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases and explored the relationship between serum transferrin level and long-term outcomes.

Results

In multivariate analysis, H3 (odds ratio 3.43, 95% confidence interval 1.11–10.89 and P = 0.03) was an independent and significant predictor of the disease-free survival, and a transferrin level ≥ 190 mg/dl (odds ratio 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.79 and P = 0.02) and the time to recurrence after hepatectomy <1 year (odds ratio 11.30, 95% confidence interval 2.63–48.59 and P < 0.01) were independent and significant predictors of the overall survival.

Conclusions

The serum transferrin level is a useful predictor of poor overall survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases after hepatic reaction.
Finding the C4 sweet spot: cellular compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism in C4 photosynthesis
Authors: Furbank Robert T , Kelly Steven
Published: June 2021

The two-cell type C4 photosynthetic pathway requires both anatomical and biochemical specialization to achieve a functional CO2-concentrating mechanism. While a great deal of research has been done on Kranz anatomy and cell-specific expression and activity of enzymes in the C4 pathway, less attention has been paid to partitioning of carbohydrate synthesis between the cell types of C4 leaves. As early as the 1970s it became apparent that, in the small number of species examined at the time, sucrose was predominantly synthesized in the mesophyll cells and starch in the bundle sheath cells. Here we discuss how this partitioning is achieved in C4 plants and explore whether this is a consequence of C4 metabolism or indeed a requirement for its evolution and efficient operation.
A best-practice guide to predicting plant traits from leaf-level hyperspectral data using partial least squares regression
Authors: Burnett Angela C , Anderson Jeremiah , Davidson Kenneth J , Ely Kim S , Lamour Julien , Li Qianyu , Morrison Bailey D , Yang Dedi , Rogers Alistair , Serbin Shawn P
Published: June 2021

Partial least squares regression (PLSR) modelling is a statistical technique for correlating datasets, and involves the fitting of a linear regression between two matrices. One application of PLSR enables leaf traits to be estimated from hyperspectral optical reflectance data, facilitating rapid, high-throughput, non-destructive plant phenotyping. This technique is of interest and importance in a wide range of contexts including crop breeding and ecosystem monitoring. The lack of a consensus in the literature on how to perform PLSR means that interpreting model results can be challenging, applying existing models to novel datasets can be impossible, and unknown or undisclosed assumptions can lead to incorrect or spurious predictions. We address this lack of consensus by proposing best practices for using PLSR to predict plant traits from leaf-level hyperspectral data, including a discussion of when PLSR is applicable, and recommendations for data collection. We provide a tutorial to demonstrate how to develop a PLSR model, in the form of an R script accompanying this manuscript. This practical guide will assist all those interpreting and using PLSR models to predict leaf traits from spectral data, and advocates for a unified approach to using PLSR for predicting traits from spectra in the plant sciences.
Fragile Knowledge
Authors: Goldstein Simon
Published: June 2021

This paper explores the principle that knowledge is fragile, in that whenever S knows that S doesn’t know that S knows that p, S thereby fails to know p. Fragility is motivated by the infelicity of dubious assertions, utterances which assert p while acknowledging higher-order ignorance whether p. Fragility is interestingly weaker than KK, the principle that if S knows p, then S knows that S knows p. Existing theories of knowledge which deny KK by accepting a Margin for Error principle can be conservatively extended with Fragility.
H i intensity mapping with MeerKAT: primary beam effects on foreground cleaning
Authors: Matshawule Siyambonga D , Spinelli Marta , Santos Mario G , Ngobese Sibonelo
Published: June 2021

Upcoming and future neutral hydrogen Intensity Mapping surveys offer a great opportunity to constrain cosmology in the post-reionization Universe, provided a good accuracy is achieved in the separation between the strong foregrounds and the cosmological signal. Cleaning methods are often applied under the assumption of a simplistic Gaussian primary beam. In this work, we test the cleaning in the presence of a realistic primary beam model with a non-trivial frequency dependence. We focus on the Square Kilometre Array precursor MeerKAT telescope and simulate a single-dish wide-area survey. We consider the main foreground components, including an accurate full-sky point source catalogue. We find that the coupling between beam sidelobes and the foreground structure can complicate the cleaning. However, when the beam frequency dependence is smooth, we show that the cleaning is only problematic if the far sidelobes are unexpectedly large. Even in that case, a proper reconstruction is possible if the strongest point sources are removed and the cleaning is more aggressive. We then consider a non-trivial frequency dependence: a sinusoidal type feature in the beamwidth that is present in the MeerKAT beam and is expected in most dishes, including SKA1-MID. Such a feature, coupling with the foreground emission, biases the reconstruction of the signal across frequency, potentially impacting the cosmological analysis. We show that this effect is constrained to a narrow region in k∥ space and can be reduced if the maps are carefully re-smoothed to a common lower resolution.
Characterizing the signatures of star-forming galaxies in the extragalactic γ-ray background
Authors: Owen Ellis R , Lee Khee-Gan , Kong Albert K H
Published: June 2021

Galaxies experiencing intense star-formation episodes are expected to be rich in energetic cosmic rays (CRs). These CRs undergo hadronic interactions with the interstellar gases of their host to drive γ-ray emission, which has already been detected from several nearby starbursts. Unresolved γ-ray emission from more distant star-forming galaxies (SFGs) is expected to contribute to the extragalactic γ-ray background (EGB). However, despite the wealth of high-quality all-sky data from the Fermi–LAT γ-ray space telescope collected over more than a decade of operation, the exact contribution of such SFGs to the EGB remains unsettled. We investigate the high-energy γ-ray emission from SFGs up to redshift z = 3 above a GeV, and assess the contribution they can make to the EGB. We show the γ-ray emission spectrum from an SFG population can be determined from just a small number of key parameters, from which we model a range of possible EGB realizations. We demonstrate that populations of SFGs leave anisotropic signatures in the EGB, and that these can be accessed using the spatial power spectrum. Moreover, we show that such signatures will be accessible with ongoing operation of current γ-ray instruments, and detection prospects will be greatly improved by the next generation of γ-ray observatories, in particular the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
New eclipsing binaries with mercury–manganese stars
Authors: Kochukhov O , Labadie-Bartz J , Khalack V , Shultz M E
Published: June 2021

Eclipsing binary stars are rare and extremely valuable astrophysical laboratories that make possible precise determination of fundamental stellar parameters. Investigation of early-type chemically peculiar stars in eclipsing binaries provides important information for understanding the origin and evolutionary context of their anomalous surface chemistry. In this study, we discuss observations of eclipse variability in six mercury–manganese (HgMn) stars monitored by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) satellite. These discoveries double the number of known eclipsing HgMn stars and yield several interesting objects requiring further study. In particular, we confirm eclipses in HD 72208, thereby establishing this object as the longest-period eclipsing HgMn star. Among five other eclipsing binaries, reported here for the first time, HD 36892 and HD 53004 stand out as eccentric systems showing heartbeat variability in addition to eclipses. The latter object has the highest eccentricity among eclipsing HgMn stars and also exhibits tidally induced oscillations. Finally, we find evidence that HD 55776 may be orbited by a white dwarf companion.
Phosphorylation of a reinitiation supporting protein, RISP, determines its function in translation reinitiation
Authors: Mancera-Martínez Eder , Dong Yihan , Makarian Joelle , Srour Ola , Thiébeauld Odon , Jamsheer Muhammed , Chicher Johana , Hammann Philippe , Schepetilnikov Mikhail , Ryabova Lyubov A
Published: June 2021

Reinitiation supporting protein, RISP, interacts with 60S (60S ribosomal subunit) and eIF3 (eukaryotic initiation factor 3) in plants. TOR (target-of-rapamycin) mediates RISP phosphorylation at residue Ser267, favoring its binding to eL24 (60S ribosomal protein L24). In a viral context, RISP, when phosphorylated, binds the CaMV transactivator/ viroplasmin, TAV, to assist in an exceptional mechanism of reinitiation after long ORF translation. Moreover, we show here that RISP interacts with eIF2 via eIF2β and TOR downstream target 40S ribosomal protein eS6. A RISP phosphorylation knockout, RISP-S267A, binds preferentially eIF2β, and both form a ternary complex with eIF3a in vitro. Accordingly, transient overexpression in plant protoplasts of RISP-S267A, but not a RISP phosphorylation mimic, RISP-S267D, favors translation initiation. In contrast, RISP-S267D preferentially binds eS6, and, when bound to the C-terminus of eS6, can capture 60S in a highly specific manner in vitro, suggesting that it mediates 60S loading during reinitiation. Indeed, eS6-deficient plants are highly resistant to CaMV due to their reduced reinitiation capacity. Strikingly, an eS6 phosphomimic, when stably expressed in eS6-deficient plants, can fully restore the reinitiation deficiency of these plants in cellular and viral contexts. These results suggest that RISP function in translation (re)initiation is regulated by phosphorylation at Ser267.