bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two Types of Mid-High-Latitude Intraseasonal Oscillations in the Southern Hemisphere during Austral Summer
Authors: Xu Qinghan , Yang Shuangyan
Published: July 2023

Using NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, the atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) over the mid-high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere during austral summer is studied. Two types of 10–30-day eastward- and westward-propagating ISO at mid-high latitudes are extracted by extended empirical orthogonal functions. The analysis of wave activity flux reveals that the energy sources of the eastward-propagating wave train are in the southwest Pacific and southern Indian Ocean, and the westward-propagating wave train is over the east coast of South America. The diagnosis of geopotential height tendency shows that the zonal gradient of ISO relative vorticity guided by mean zonal wind plays a major role in the eastward propagation of the wave train, while the meridional gradient of mean relative vorticity and geostrophic vorticity guided by ISO meridional wind plays a major role in the westward propagation of the wave train. Energy analysis shows that the amplitude enhancement over the South Pacific is due to the ISO disturbance gaining energy from the mean flow. The eastward-propagating ISO obtains energy from the mean flow through kinetic and potential energy conversion, while the westward-propagating ISO cannot obtain energy through potential energy conversion. The surface air temperature and precipitation in South America are affected by the circulation and propagation corresponding to both types of ISO. The useful forecasting skills by the subseasonal-to-seasonal forecasting project for eastward- and westward-propagating types can reach to 17 days, while the potential forecasting skills improve to 20 and 19 days, respectively.

Significance Statement

The intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) has important effects on regional weather and climate, and we focus on the ISO over mid-high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, which has been paid little attention. We reveal two leading types of the mid-high-latitude ISO during austral summer, namely, the eastward- and westward-propagating types. Also, the characteristics and effects of the two types are explored. To understand their dynamical process, the geopotential height tendency and energy conversion are diagnosed. It is also found that the two ISO types can be predicted up to 17 days in advance by the subseasonal-to-seasonal project, which may provide guidance for the extended-range forecasts.
Cultural Humility, Cultural Comfort, and Supervision Processes and Outcomes for BIPOC Supervisees
Authors: Wilcox Melanie M. , Winkeljohn Black Stephanie , Farra Aisha , Zimmerman Danielle , Drinane Joanna M. , Tao Karen W. , DeBlaere Cirleen , Hook Joshua N. , Davis Don E. , Watkins C. Edward , Owen Jesse
Published: July 2023

Clinical supervision is a cornerstone of clinical training, and supervision experiences are associated with important outcomes (e.g., stronger working alliances and more trainee disclosures in supervision). Psychology has made strides in understanding how cultural processes unfold in supervision, with the multicultural orientation (MCO) model garnering increasing empirical support, but less is known about the dynamics that occur based on racial differences between supervisees and supervisors. Therefore, within cross-racial supervisory relationships, we examined the associations between cultural humility, cultural comfort, and supervisees’ satisfaction with supervision, disclosure in supervision, and the supervisory working alliance. Survey results from Black, Indigenous, and people of Color (BIPOC) trainees ( N = 116) receiving supervision from White supervisors indicated that supervisees who rated their supervisors high in cultural humility and cultural comfort also reported higher supervision satisfaction and a stronger supervisory working alliance. Perceptions of supervisors’ cultural humility, but not cultural comfort, were related to a higher willingness to disclose in supervision.
Does Deplatforming Work?
Authors: Klinenberg Danny
Published: July 2023

Social media has become an outlet for extremists to fundraise and organize. While governments deliberate on how to regulate, some social media companies have removed creators of offensive content —deplatforming. I estimate the effects of deplatforming on revenue and viewership, using variation in the timing of removals across two video-streaming companies — YouTube, and its far-right competitor, Bitchute. Being deplatformed on Youtube results in a 30% increase in weekly Bitcoin revenue and a 50% increase in viewership on Bitchute. This increase in Bitchute activity is less than that on YouTube, meaning that deplatforming works in decreasing a content creator’s overall views and revenue.
The Geography of Race and Ethnicity Effects in Federal Sentencing: A Descriptive and Spatial Analysis
Authors: Kramer Kelsey L. , Zhang Yan , Franklin Travis W.
Published: July 2023

Research has focused mainly on whether race and ethnicity influence sentencing outcomes. Much less attention, however, has been paid to where, geographically, disparities occur in the United States. Using the United States Sentencing Commission’s sentencing data from FY2015 to FY2019, we estimated the effects of race and ethnicity on sentencing outcomes across 90 U.S. districts. First, we examined whether race and ethnicity varied across districts. Then we mapped district-level racial and ethnic disparities across the United States. Finally, we examined whether district-level racial and ethnic disparities were spatially correlated, creating hot- or cold spots of disparity. Evidence suggests that disparities are not concentrated within specific regions of the United States and are not spatially correlated. Instead, racial and ethnic disparities seem to be somewhat dispersed geographically. Yet, disparities do seem to concentrate in a relatively small portion of U.S. districts.
Recognising formula entailment using long short-term memory network
Authors: Pathak Amarnath , Pakray Partha
Published: July 2023

The article presents an approach to recognise formula entailment, which concerns finding entailment relationships between pairs of math formulae. As the current formula-similarity-detection approaches fail to account for broader relationships between pairs of math formulae, recognising formula entailment becomes paramount. To this end, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network using symbol-by-symbol attention for recognising formula entailment is implemented. However, owing to the unavailability of relevant training and validation corpora, the first and foremost step is to create a sufficiently large-sized symbol-level MATHENTAIL data set in an automated fashion. Depending on the extent of similarity between the corresponding symbol embeddings, the symbol pairs in the MATHENTAIL data set are assigned ‘entailment’ or ‘neutral’ labels. An improved symbol-to-vector (isymbol2vec) method generates mathematical symbols (in LATEX) and their embeddings using the Wikipedia corpus of scientific documents and Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) architecture. Eventually, the LSTM network, trained and validated using the MATHENTAIL data set, predicts formulae entailment for test formulae pairs with a reasonable accuracy of 62.2%.
Auricular and laryngeal chondritis in nursery and finishing pigs
Authors: Gris Anderson H. , Piva Manoela M. , Schwertz Claiton I. , Mori Ana P. , Saremba Camila , Simon Daniel M. , Sonne Luciana , Pavarini Saulo P. , Driemeier David
Published: July 2023

This work aimed to characterize the clinic-pathological presentation of an outbreak of auricular and laryngeal chondritis in pigs. Visits were made to pig farms, where the clinical history was obtained, and clinical and postmortem examinations were performed. In those farms, 3% to 4% of pigs presented otohematomas, which started in the nursery and extended to the finishing phase. Moreover, some finishing pigs presented with respiratory distress, initially characterized as inspiratory dyspnea, associated by an uncommon respiratory stridor and culminating in death. Grossly, nursery piglets had enlarged ears, and on the cut surface, the cartilage was fragmented and associated with blood clots. In the finishing phase, in addition to auricular lesions, the epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages were thickened and distorted, which partially occluded the lumen. Microscopically, the laryngeal and auricular cartilages were fragmented, displayed a loss of matrix basophilia, and were surrounded by lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate, with occasional multinucleated giant cells and fibrosis. The lesions exclusively affected elastic cartilages. The disease in finishing pigs led to increased mortality and was a differential diagnosis to respiratory challenges. It was not possible to determine the factor that triggered this condition; however, a nutritional association is suspected. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of primary auricular and laryngeal chondritis in pigs.
Elimination Games: The Global Rise of Military Reality TV and the Shaping of the Citizen Subject
Authors: Kaempf Sebastian , Stahl Roger
Published: July 2023

The past decade has seen the global growth of military-style reality television programming. These programmes, produced by militaries themselves or through collaboration with the entertainment sector, have proven to be an effective and increasingly powerful public relations conduit. Our article offers a theoretical treatment of reality television, both the aesthetic modes by which it invites the viewing subject as well as the political economy of its use in public relations. These dimensions are explored through two case studies. First, we focus on the genesis of military-style reality TV in the United States, where, after 9/11, the US military seized on the genre to pioneer and field-test various themes in response to public exigency as the occupations of Afghanistan and Iraq drew on. Second, we analyse the German military as both a latecomer and innovator to these new public relations endeavours. By reading the generic and aesthetic strategies in both cases, we argue that the genre’s public relations function goes beyond the immediate task of recruitment to cultivate civic participation in militaristic fantasies through a mediasphere rife with invitations to ‘go soldier’. Military reality TV, we argue, represents the militarization of civic identity and the gradual displacement of values from deliberative to authoritarian, cosmopolitan to nationalistic and diplomatic to combative.

Jeux éliminatoires : L’essor mondial de la télé-réalité militaire et la formation du citoyen sujet
Experimental and hydrodynamic methods to determine aqueous dispersion of discontinuous reclaimed carbon fibres
Authors: Kong Kyungil , Blok Lourens , Hecker Marcelle , Longana Marco L , Ward Carwyn , Rendall Thomas , Hamerton Ian
Published: July 2023

In this study, the dispersion of reclaimed carbon fibres following cost-effective surface treatment is explored with a hydrodynamic fibre moving model, and a practical fibre dispersion effect is investigated through various physical dispersion methods. To utilise reclaimed carbon fibres for a desired composite product, our proposed low-cost surface treatment is shown to be beneficial to the physical and chemical properties of the reclaimed carbon fibres and to yield polar-hydrophilic characteristics. Single fibre tensile testing is performed to explore the effect of surface treatment on the reclaimed carbon fibres (a higher tensile strength was observed). A computational hydrodynamic fibre moving model based on a moving particle semi-implicit method is newly designed to perform hydrodynamic simulation to determine aqueous dispersion of discontinuous reclaimed carbon fibres. This simulation helps understanding fibre flocculation phenomena from the perspective of fibre stiffness, which should not be disregarded for the fibre dispersion. Fibre surface analyses including morphology and functional groups are carried out to investigate the effect of surface treatment. The hydrodynamic simulation and proposed fibre dispersion methods with a cost-effective surface treatment approach can be widely applicable to any type of reclaimed carbon fibres to produce recycled fibre reinforced polymer composite materials.
A new method to exploit ultrasonic vibrations in deep drawing process
Authors: Kishani Hosein , Mazdak Siamak , Sheykholeslami Mohammad Reza , Ajabshiri Navid , Shalvandi Maghsoud , Tabatabaee Mohammad Moein Bagheri
Published: July 2023

In the deep drawing process of sheet metals, lack of formability and the defects generated as a consequence of friction are two main limiting factors. Using ultrasonic vibration is an impressive way to decrease these limitations. In this paper, the ultrasonic – aided deep drawing process with a novel way of applying radial ultrasonic vibration is presented. The novelty of the presented method is using the bending mode of vibration in the sheet metal and the die using radial ultrasonic vibration. The presented method, contrary to the other techniques of applying ultrasonic vibration, has shown much fewer resonance frequency variations by changing the sheet metal geometry during the process and likewise with a variation of the clearance between the blank holder and the die. For this purpose, the finite element method was used in designing the equipment for the deep drawing process. The experimental test was done on St12 in the presence and absence of ultrasonic vibration. The effect of ultrasonic vibration in the presented method on the wrinkling and thinning defects and likewise the forming forces were experimentally studied. The results indicated the high efficiency of the presenting method in decreasing both the forming forces and the wrinkling and thinning defects. About a 42.3% decrease in the forming forces and a 4.4% decrease in the thinning effect were achieved by applying ultrasonic vibration.
Peripheral Visual Information Halves Attentional Choice Biases
Authors: Eum Brenden , Dolbier Stephanie , Rangel Antonio
Published: July 2023

A growing body of research has shown that simple choices involve the construction and comparison of values at the time of decision. These processes are modulated by attention in a way that leaves decision makers susceptible to attentional biases. Here, we studied the role of peripheral visual information on the choice process and on attentional choice biases. We used an eye-tracking experiment in which participants ( N = 50 adults) made binary choices between food items that were displayed in marked screen “shelves” in two conditions: (a) where both items were displayed, and (b) where items were displayed only when participants fixated within their shelves. We found that removing the nonfixated option approximately doubled the size of the attentional biases. The results show that peripheral visual information is crucial in facilitating good decisions and suggest that individuals might be influenceable by settings in which only one item is shown at a time, such as e-commerce.
A Comparative Assessment of Tourism Industry Outcomes in Australia and New Zealand During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gani Azmat , Rasul Tareq
Published: July 2023

This article presents a qualitative comparative assessment of the Australian and New Zealand tourism industry performance following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis focuses on a qualitative assessment of achievements in several key tourism aggregates from 2020 to 2021 and compares it with industry achievements in 2019. The assessment reveals that following the COVID-19 pandemic, by 2020, the shares of tourism output and export earnings plunged to 6.0% and 1.6%, respectively, in Australia. In New Zealand, tourism output and earnings contracted to 8.8% and 9.4%, respectively. The overall economic contractions in both countries were more severe in 2020–2021 than in 2019. It is anticipated that the contribution of tourism to national output, employment, export earnings and hotel occupancy rates will continue to remain subdued in 2022, with the likelihood of some degree of recovery in late 2022, assuming rapid progress in vaccinations against the COVID-19 disease. This study makes a new contribution to the tourism literature as the assessment presented here provides a comparative distinctive analysis of the effects of the pandemic in the local economy context of two neighbouring similar economies of Australia and New Zealand. Research has been deficient in providing this type of analysis despite the numerous studies addressing the effects of the pandemic across the tourism industry globally.
Multi-therapeutic and Biomolecular Exploration of Andrographolide against Bacterial-induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Damages
Authors: Alnoman Maryam M.
Published: July 2023

Aim/Background

Oxidative and inflammatory damage induced by bacterial infections has been attributed as a more concerning health issue raised by health professionals and researchers due to large antibiotic drug resistance. Natural products and their derived medicines play an immense role in fighting pathogenic micro-organisms. Considering these factors, the study is aimed at exploring the biological effect of andrographolide against gram-positive and negative bacterial strains that induce oxidative and inflammatory onsets using in silico approaches.

Materials and Methods

In silico docking analysis was conducted using AutoDock Vina to determine the biological interactivity of andrographolide with proteins (catalase (CAT), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and cytochrome P450 VDH mutant T107A with bound Vitamin D3) involved in pathogenesis caused by bacterial infection. Furthermore, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) analysis was performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior of andrographolide by assessing several parameters such as lipophilicity, skin permeability, GI absorption, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.

Results

The results of the study showed that andrographolide exhibited significant interaction with TNF-α with amino acids such as GLN B: 27, ILE B: 136, and ASP B: 45 for site 1 and ASN D: 30, ARG C: 31, and ARG C: 82 for site 2. However, the effect of andrographolide was found to be comparable with that of other proteins. In ADME analysis, the boiled egg plot represents the andrographolide that exists in the white region, which represents a good distribution of andrographolide, while lipophilicity in the form of the consensus logP was found to be 2.3 with high GI-absorption and no BBB permeability.

Conclusion

The study concludes that andrographolide can be a promising agent against oxidative and inflammatory stress induced by bacterial onsets and may reduce the vitality of several gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: What The Eyes Don’t See!!
Authors: Chauhan Nidhi
Published: July 2023

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuro-behavioral disorder characterized by a classical triad of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention prevalent in 5% of school-going children, mostly in boys. It is a chronic disorder with persistent of symptoms in a significant proportion of children diagnosed in childhood and impairing in most domains of socio-occupational functioning. Challenges in diagnosis occur due to symptoms domains of ADHD representing extremes of developmental processes of hyperactivity and inattention. Temperament is another construct that is important while evaluating a child with ADHD to avoid misdiagnosis and/or overdiagnosis. There is literature to support that the presentation of ADHD is not just limited to the triad of symptoms described in DSM 5, but it manifests a plethora of symptoms which, in the majority of cases, often go unnoticed. These symptoms may be a result of executive function deficits, emotion dysregulation, the presence of comorbid disorders, and/or psychosocial issues. Impairments of ADHD continue into adolescence and adulthood. However, ADHD in adults is still an under-researched area. The article aims to provide a bird’s eye view of the various hidden difficulties inherent in ADHD but which often is missed in clinical practice.
Selective Partial Agonism of Vasopressin 1a Receptors In Vitro by OCE-205
Authors: Croston Glenn , Cable Edward E. , Toy Jeannine , Tariga Hiroe , Laporte Regent , Harris Geoff , Bukofzer Stan
Published: July 2023

Objective

To test the selectivity and degree of functional agonism of Ocelot Bio’s dual agonist/antagonist molecule, OCE-205, at the vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR).

Methods

Cells expressing human (h) or rat V1a, V1b, V2, or oxytocin receptors (OTR) were incubated with varying concentrations of OCE-205 or with arginine vasopressin (AVP), and responses were measured with fluorescence or reporter gene assays. In addition, human resistance arteries were exposed to increasing concentrations of OCE-205, and the resulting contractility was measured.

Results

The mean efficacy of OCE-205 at hV1aR was 39% of the maximal possible effect (MPE), with a mean EC50 of 0.71 nM. Above 1 nM OCE-205, the percent maximal possible effect (%MPE) plateaued. The EC50 was much higher at hV1bR (134 nM), hV2R (420 nM), and OTR (6.9 nM), indicating selectivity for hV1aR. Results at rat receptors were similar. OCE-205 produced 40.0% of maximal depolarization-induced contraction, demonstrating functional partial agonism.

Conclusion

The dual agonist/antagonist structure of OCE-205 thus allows it to act as a highly selective partial agonist at vasopressin V1aR at therapeutically relevant concentrations.
A novel traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor with piezoelectric backup function
Authors: Yang Lin , Hu Xiaobin , Yang Mojian , Huan Yongjie , Ren Weihao , Xiong Yue , Li Huafeng
Published: July 2023

To fulfill high-reliability requirements for aerospace applications, a novel traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor with a piezoelectric backup function (Backup motor) is proposed in this paper. The backup function is enabled by the addition of a set of piezoelectric ceramics (PZT). Based on the ultrasonic motor of the CSX-60, a cantilever-tooth backup motor (CTBM) is designed and fabricated. This backup motor can operate in three working modes according to the excitation settings of PZTs, namely normal mode, backup mode, and enhanced mode. The relationships between three working modes’ performances are analyzed by finite element (FE) analysis and prototype tests. The results show that backup mode, as the substitution, can nearly reach normal mode’s performance, while enhanced mode is obviously higher than others. Furthermore, a modified backup motor with straight-tooth (STBM) and different sizes of PZT is designed and tested as a supplement to verify the feasibility of the proposal. In addition, the effect of stress reduction on PZT damage is verified by extreme working experiments. The comparison between the two types of motors indicates that STBM can provide better frictional drive performance. This proposal can provide a new reference for the subsequent reliability study of ultrasonic motors.
Nature, Predictors, and Outcomes of Workers’ Longitudinal Workaholism Profiles
Authors: Gillet Nicolas , Morin Alexandre J.S. , Fernet Claude , Huyghebaert-Zouaghi Tiphaine , Austin Stéphanie
Published: July 2023

This research relies on a combination of variable- and person-centered approaches to help improve our understanding of the dimensionality of the workaholism construct. Our results showed that employees’ workaholism ratings simultaneously reflected a global overarching construct co-existing with four specific dimensions (behavioral, motivational, emotional, and cognitive workaholism) among a sample of 432 workers who completed a questionnaire twice over a three-month period. We also examined the profiles taken by workaholism dimensions, and documented their stability over time as well as the associations between these profiles and theoretically-relevant predictors and outcomes. Furthermore, we examined whether these associations differ as a function of working remotely or onsite. Four profiles were identified and found to be highly stable over time: Unplugged, Plugged In, Moderately Unplugged with Externalized Workaholism, and Moderately Unplugged with Cognitive Workaholism. Personal life orientation, telepressure, and interpersonal norms regarding work-related messages were related to the likelihood of profile membership. Remote working also reinforced the positive effects of personal life orientation and the negative effects of interpersonal norms regarding work-related messages. Finally, employees’ work-to-family guilt, job satisfaction, family satisfaction, and life satisfaction also differed as a function of their profile.
Initial assessment of multi-compound antineoplastic drug surface contamination in Argentinean healthcare centers: Insights into occupational exposures in South America
Authors: Speranza Eric D , Jeronimo Matthew , Colombo Manuel
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Antineoplastic drug contamination can result in severe health effects for healthcare workers exposed to them. Despite the worldwide growing concern regarding these drugs and sustained monitoring efforts in developed countries, there is almost no data about surface contamination levels in Argentina, in particular, and South America, in general.

Methods

Antineoplastic drug contamination was measured in three Argentinean public hospitals (pharmacy and daycare center areas) by surface wiping and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

Results and Discussion

Eleven drugs were detected, in 51 of 58 sampled surfaces, in variable concentrations from 0.00064 to 7.3 ng cm−2, with cyclophosphamide, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel as the most prevalent drugs. This highly variable antineoplastic distribution reflects differences in facility layout, number of patients, antineoplastic drug use, etc., at each hospital. Values exceeding the 1 ng cm−2 threshold were detected in 13 surfaces of the two hospitals handling the largest amounts of antineoplastic drugs. The cyclophosphamide 75th percentile averaged 0.030 ng cm−2 comparable to the high values reported more than 10 years ago for developed countries, emphasizing the potential of reducing antineoplastic contamination by implementing routine monitoring and improved cleaning and handling procedures.

Conclusion

This study is the first survey of multi-compound surface antineoplastic contamination in Argentinean (and South American) hospitals, providing a baseline against which future studies can be compared. Widespread antineoplastic contamination has been detected on numerous surfaces, with concentrations surpassing suggested threshold exposure levels (1 ng cm−1) for some surfaces in two of the sampled hospitals.
Do the Clinical Characteristics of Lipomas Influence the Incision Length During Minimal Incision Extraction?
Authors: Kang Da-Hyun , Lew Bark-Lynn , Kwon Soon-Hyo
Published: July 2023

Background

Minimal incision extraction technique is widely accepted for the surgical removal of lipomas, but no consensus for the incision length has been made yet.

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics of lipomas which affect the minimal incision length during the minimal incision extraction.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 50 patients who underwent minimal incision extraction for 55 medium-sized (3-5 cm) or large lipomas (> 5 cm) between March 2020 and May 2022. If the mass is not fully dissected, or adequate visual field for hemostasis was not provided through the initial one-third incision, the incision was extended to the minimal extent.

Results

There were 33 males and 17 females with a mean age of 53.5 ± 12.7 years. There was no statistical difference in the minimal % incision length, defined as [(incision length) / (tumor diameter)] x 100, between the medium-sized ( n = 31) and large lipomas ( n = 24). Lipomas of the long incision group (minimal % incision length ≥66.7%, n = 21) had a higher frequency of head and neck location than lipomas of the short incision group (minimal % incision length <66.7%, n = 34) (odds ratio = 14.5, P < .05). However, no association was found between the tumor diameter or depth and the minimal % incision length. The occurrence of postoperative complications was not associated also ( P = .296).

Conclusion

The minimal % incision length for lipoma removal does not show statistical difference between medium-sized and large lipomas, and is affected by its anatomical location, but not by tumor diameter or depth.
Sound contribution of the low frequency underwater noise radiated from a suspension bridge
Authors: Song Xiaodong , Lu Wei , Xiong Wen , Cai CS
Published: July 2023

For river crossing bridges, the vehicle-induced vibration can be transmitted to the bridge tower and foundation system. This vibration induced low frequency underwater noise radiation can cause great harm to aquatic organisms. A river crossing suspension bridge was selected to study the sound contribution and spatial distribution of the underwater noise. A bridge-sediment coupling finite element model was developed, and the vehicle-bridge-sediment interaction analysis was conducted to investigate the dynamic response of the coupling system. An acoustic finite element model was built to predict the underwater noise radiated from the tower and sediment, and the noise contribution of these two sound sources was compared. The research shows that the noise radiated from the bridge tower and the sediment is below 6.3 Hz, and the peak frequency is around 3.15 Hz. The noise radiated from bridge tower only has a larger contribution to the total noise level in its vicinity than the sediment, especially around the water surface. In other space, the noise generated through the sediment vibration plays a dominant role in the total noise. The radiated noise from the tower has lateral directivity, and the directivity of the sediment radiation is similar to the point sound source.
X-ray and MR Contrast Bearing Nanoparticles Enhance the Therapeutic Response of Image-Guided Radiation Therapy for Oral Cancer
Authors: Sharma Gayatri , Razeghi Kondelaji Mir Hadi , Sharma Guru P. , Hansen Christopher , Parchur Abdul K. , Shafiee Shayan , Jagtap Jaidip M. , Fish Brian , Bergom Carmen , Paulson Eric , Hall William A. , Himburg Heather A. , Joshi Amit
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Radiation therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is constrained by radiotoxicity to normal tissue. We demonstrate 100 nm theranostic nanoparticles for image-guided radiation therapy planning and enhancement in rat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma models.

Methods

PEG conjugated theranostic nanoparticles comprising of Au nanorods coated with Gadolinium oxide layers were tested for radiation therapy enhancement in 2D cultures of OSC-19-GFP-luc cells, and orthotopic tongue xenografts in male immunocompromised Salt sensitive or SS rats via both intratumoral and intravenous delivery. The radiation therapy enhancement mechanism was investigated.

Results

Theranostic nanoparticles demonstrated both X-ray/magnetic resonance contrast in a dose-dependent manner. Magnetic resonance images depicted optimal tumor-to-background uptake at 4 h post injection. Theranostic nanoparticle + Radiation treated rats experienced reduced tumor growth compared to controls, and reduction in lung metastasis.

Conclusions

Theranostic nanoparticles enable preprocedure radiotherapy planning, as well as enhance radiation treatment efficacy for head and neck tumors.
When and Why Do People Accept Public-Policy Interventions? An Integrative Public-Policy-Acceptance Framework
Authors: Grelle Sonja , Hofmann Wilhelm
Published: July 2023

The successful introduction of public policies to prompt behavior change hinges on the degree to which citizens endorse the proposed policies. Although there is a large body of research on psychological determinants of public policy acceptance, these determinants have not yet been synthesized into an integrative framework that proposes hypotheses about their interplay. In this article, we develop a review-based, integrative public-policy-acceptance framework that introduces the desire for governmental support as a motivational foundation in public-policy acceptance. The framework traces the route from problem awareness to policy acceptance and, ultimately, policy compliance. We propose this relationship to be mediated by a desire for governmental support. We integrate numerous key variables assumed to qualify the relationship between problem awareness and the desire for governmental support, such as control attributions, trust, and value fit, as well as the relationship between the desire for governmental support and policy acceptance, such as perceived policy effectiveness, intrusiveness, and fairness. We exemplify the use of the proposed framework by applying it to climate policies.
Cerebral microinfarcts revisited: Detection, causes, and clinical relevance
Authors: Huang Jiannan , Biessels Geert Jan , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Ii Yuichiro , Skoog Ingmar , Mok Vincent , Chen Christopher , Hilal Saima
Published: July 2023

Cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) are small ischemic lesions invisible to the naked eye at brain autopsy, while the larger ones (0.5–4 mm in diameter) have been visualized in-vivo on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CMIs can be detected on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as incidental small DWI-positive lesions (ISDPLs) and on structural MRI for those confined to the cortex and in the chronic phase. ISDPLs may evolve into old cortical-CMIs, white matter hyperintensities or disappear depending on their location and size. Novel techniques in neuropathology and neuroimaging facilitate the detection of CMIs, which promotes understanding of these lesions. CMIs have heterogeneous causes, involving both cerebral small- and large-vessel disease as well as heart diseases such as atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure. The underlying mechanisms incorporate vascular remodeling, inflammation, blood–brain barrier leakage, penetrating venule congestion, cerebral hypoperfusion, and microembolism. CMIs lead to clinical outcomes, including cognitive decline, a higher risk of stroke and mortality, and accelerated neurobehavioral disturbances. It has been suggested that CMIs can impair brain function and connectivity beyond the microinfarct core and are also associated with perilesional and global cortical atrophy. This review aims to summarize recent progress in studies involving both cortical-CMIs and ISDPLs since 2017, including their detection, etiology, risk factors, MRI correlates, and clinical consequences.
Development of the brief expertise scale for sports coaching
Authors: Kennedy Andrew , Dux Paul E , Mallett Clifford J
Published: July 2023

The methods used to assess sports coaching expertise vary considerably between studies. This variability limits the capacity for researchers to compare, contrast and replicate findings across the field. In this article, we describe research aimed at creating a self-report measure of sports coaching expertise. In the following sections, we discuss the core concepts and competencies associated with sports coaching expertise. We then outline the phases of development of the measure and provide the results of the exploratory (study 1) and confirmatory (study 2) analyses. The outcome of this research was the development of a brief 12-item 3-factor self-report measure of sports coaching expertise. The measure achieved a good fit to the data and was best captured by a bifactor S1-1 model with one general expertise factor and three specific factors: (a) experience and engagement, (b) knowledge and (c) skills and attributes. In discussing the outcomes of this research, we provide recommendations for the use of the measure and discuss areas of future refinement.
SEL as a Pathway to Healing-Centered Music Learning Environments
Authors: Varner Edward
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this column is to provide a quick introduction to clear and uncomplicated strategies that will help teachers use SEL strategies to create Healing-Centered general music learning environments. As caring, professional educators, we play critical roles in the creation of safe, predictable settings for children to be, learn, and grow. This can be achieved by committing to the creation of healing-centered general music learning environments in which each student is healthy, safe, engaged, supported, and challenged.
Spatial distribution and driving factors of the associations between temperature and influenza-like illness in the United States: a time-stratified case-crossover study
Authors: Yang Yongli , Lian Jiao , Jia Xiaocan , Wang Tianrun , Fan Jingwen , Yang Chaojun , Wang Yuping , Bao Junzhe
Published: July 2023

Background

Several previous studies investigated the associations between temperature and influenza in a single city or region without a national picture. The attributable risk of influenza due to temperature and the corresponding driving factors were unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of attributable risk of Influenza-like illness (ILI) caused by adverse temperatures and explore the related driving factors in the United States.

Methods

ILI, meteorological factors, and PM2.5 of 48 states in the United States were collected during 2011–2019. The time-stratified case-crossover design with a distributed lag non-linear model was carried out to evaluate the association between temperature and ILI at the state level. The multivariate meta-analysis was performed to obtain the combined effects at the national level. The attributable fraction (AF) was calculated to assess the ILI burden ascribed to adverse temperatures. The ordinary least square model (OLS), spatial lag model (SLM), and spatial error model (SEM) were utilized to identify driving factors.

Results

A total of 7,716,115 ILI cases were included in this study. Overall, the temperature was negatively associated with ILI risk, and lower temperature gave rise to a higher risk of ILI. AF ascribed to adverse temperatures differed across states, from 49.44% (95% eCI: 36.47% ~ 58.68%) in Montana to 6.51% (95% eCI: -6.49% ~ 16.46%) in Wisconsin. At the national level, 29.08% (95% eCI: 27.60% ~ 30.24%) of ILI was attributable to cold. Per 10,000 dollars increase in per-capita income was associated with the increment in AF (OLS: β = -6.110, P = 0.021; SLM: β = -5.496, P = 0.022; SEM: β = -6.150, P = 0.022).

Conclusion

The cold could enhance the risk of ILI and result in a considerable proportion of ILI disease burden. The ILI burden attributed to cold varied across states and was higher in those states with lower economic status. Targeted prevention programs should be considered to lower the burden of influenza.
Prognostic nomograms for gastric carcinoma after D2 + total gastrectomy to assist decision-making for postoperative treatment: based on Lasso regression
Authors: Li Yifan , Bai Min , Gao Yuye
Published: July 2023

Objective

This study aimed to establish novel nomograms that could be used to predict the prognosis of gastric carcinoma patients who underwent D2 + total gastrectomy on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Methods

Lasso regression was employed to construct the nomograms. The internal validation process included bootstrapping, which was used to test the accuracy of the predictions. The calibration curve was then used to demonstrate the accuracy and consistency of the predictions. In addition, the Harrell’s Concordance index (C-index) and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (t-ROC) curves were used to evaluate the discriminative abilities of the new nomograms and to compare its performance with the 8th edition of AJCC-TNM staging. Furthermore, decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess the clinical application of our model. Finally, the prognostic risk stratification of gastric cancer was conducted with X-tile software, and the nomograms were converted into a risk-stratifying prognosis model.

Results

LASSO regression analysis identified pT stage, the number of positive lymph nodes, vascular invasion, neural invasion, the maximum diameter of tumor, the Clavien–Dindo classification for complication, and Ki67 as independent risk factors for OS and pT stage, the number of positive lymph nodes, neural invasion, and the maximum diameter of tumor for PFS. The C-index of OS nomogram was 0.719 (95% CI: 0.690–0.748), which was superior to the 8th edition of AJCC-TNM staging (0.704, 95%CI: 0.623–0.783). The C-index of PFS nomogram was 0.694 (95% CI: 0.654–0.713), which was also better than that of the 8th edition of AJCC-TNM staging (0.685, 95% CI: 0.635–0.751). The calibration curves, t-ROC curves, and DCA of the two nomogram models showed that the prediction ability of the two nomogram models was outstanding. The statistical difference in the prognosis between the low- and high-risk groups further suggested that our model had an excellent risk stratification performance.

Conclusion

We reported the first risk stratification and nomogram for gastric carcinoma patients with total gastrectomy in Chinese population. Our model could potentially be used to guide treatment selections for the low- and high-risk patients to avoid delayed treatment or unnecessary overtreatment.
Serological investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with suspect measles, 2017–2022
Authors: Bianchi Silvia , Fappani Clara , Gori Maria , Canuti Marta , Colzani Daniela , Monti Maria Cristina , Torriani Camilla , Raviglione Mario C. , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Tanzi Elisabetta , Amendola Antonella
Published: July 2023

Background

Several studies suggested that SARS-CoV-2 was already spreading worldwide during the last months of 2019 before the first outbreak was detected in Wuhan, China. Lombardy (Northern Italy) was the first European region with sustained SARS-CoV-2 transmission and recent investigations detected SARS-CoV-2-RNA-positive patients in Lombardy since late 2019.

Methods

We tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG all serum samples available in our laboratory (N = 235, collected between March 2017 and March 2022) that we received within the framework of measles/rubella surveillance from measles and rubella virus-negative patients.

Results

Thirteen of 235 samples (5.5%) were IgG-positive. The positivity rate increased starting in 2019 and was significantly different from the expected false positive rate from 2019 onwards. Additionally, in 2019 the percentage of IgG-positive patients was significantly lower among SARS-CoV-2 RNA-negative patients (3/92) compared to SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive patients (2/7, p = 0.04). The highest percentage of IgG positivity in the pre-pandemic period was recorded during the second half of 2019. This coincided with an increase in negativity for measles and a widening of the peak of the number of measles discarded cases per 100,000 inhabitants, indicating a higher-than-normal number of measles-negative patients experiencing fever and rash. This also coincided with the first patient positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (September 12th, 2019); this patient was also positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM.

Conclusions

Although the number of samples was low and one cannot conclusively establish that the virus started circulating in Lombardy around September 2019, our findings should stimulate similar research investigating the possibility of undetected SARS-CoV-2 pre-pandemic circulation.
Feasibility of 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography strain analysis of the right ventricle with trans-thoracic echocardiography in intensive care: a literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: McErlane James , Shelley Ben , McCall Philip
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To identify variables that affect the feasibility of 2-dimensional right ventricular speckle tracking echocardiography (RV-STE) in the intensive care unit.

Background

Trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) of the right ventricle is challenging. RV-STE is a novel echocardiography method thought to measure global RV function more fully than conventional TTE parameters. The feasibility of RV-STE in ICU populations has not been well described, and variables influencing RV-STE in ICU have not been investigated. This study aimed to address this.

Methods

A literature review using Ovid MEDLINE(R) was undertaken. We performed meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of; RV-STE type (RV free-wall [RVFWLS] versus RV global longitudinal strain [RVGLS]), study design (prospective versus retrospective), coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) study or not, and strain software used. This was followed by meta-regression of proportion of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), with and without COVID-19 studies as a co-variate.

Results

Eleven relevant studies from the literature search were identified, reporting an overall feasibility of RV-STE of 83.3% (95%CI 74.6–89.4%). Prospective study design was associated with higher feasibility compared with retrospective studies (p = 0.02). There were no statistical differences on univariate analysis between RVFWLS versus RVGLS, COVID-19 study or not, or strain software used. Meta-regression with COVID-19 study as a covariate demonstrated that higher proportions of IMV were significantly associated with worse feasibility (p = 0.04), as were COVID-19 studies (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

We have identified three variables associated with poor feasibility; retrospective study design, COVID-19 studies, and proportion of IMV. A prospective study design should be viewed as gold standard to maximise RV-STE feasibility.
Azimuth anisotropy prediction and correction of wide-azimuth seismic data
Authors: Zhang Liyan , Li Ang , Xi Nianxu
Published: July 2023

For seismic wave propagation in media with horizontal transverse isotropy (HTI), kinematic and dynamic attributes are anisotropic. P waves propagate slower in perpendicular to fracture azimuth than parallel to it, whereas reflection strength and frequency vary with azimuth. The azimuthal effects on reflection coefficients and seismic wave velocities in an HTI medium are quantitatively analyzed. The resulting theory-based and real-world azimuth gathers demonstrate the anisotropic nature of such media. The fitting of the ellipse is used to quantitatively predict the direction and strength of anisotropy in the study area, which is consistent with that obtained by the S-wave splitting prediction method. In wide-azimuth data processing, measures are taken to eliminate the influence of azimuthal anisotropy, and the coherent spectrum pickup method is used to accurately calculate the azimuthal velocity of underground HTI media and perform azimuthal anisotropy correction processing, which eliminates the time difference between fast and slow wave caused by azimuthal anisotropy. The achieved results provide support for subsequent high-resolution imaging.