bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐low leakage SRAM design with sub‐32 nm tunnel FETs for low standby power applications
Authors: Makosiej Adam , Gupta Navneet , Vakul Naga , Vladimirescu Andrei , Cotofana Sorin , Mahapatra Santanu , Amara Amara , Anghel Costin
Published: August 2016

Tunnel‐field‐effect transistors (TFETs) operate by quantum band‐to‐band tunnelling and display a steeper subthreshold slope than MOSFETs which substantially diminishes the standby current. This work explores the TFET‐based SRAM utilisation for Low STandby Power applications. An 8 T TFET SRAM cell operating at VDD = 1 V, which, in contrast to other 6 T TFET SRAMs, is write‐disturb‐ and half‐selection‐free is proposed. Simulations based on 30 nm p‐ and n‐TFETs models relying on ID, CGS, CGD vs. VGS, and VDS look‐up tables extracted from TCAD, indicate that the proposed cell has a Read SNM and a Write SNM of 120 and 200 mV, respectively, which are well above state of the art values repotted in the literature. When utilised in an 128 × 128‐bit memory array the proposed cell enables read and write operation at 3.84 GHz and 806 MHz, respectively, and a cell leakage of less than 2fA/bit, which makes it an excellent choice for Internet of Things applications.
Connected components of irreducible maps and 1D quantum phases
Authors: Szehr Oleg , Wolf Michael M.
Published: August 2016

We investigate elementary topological properties of sets of completely positive (CP) maps that arise in quantum Perron-Frobenius theory. We prove that the set of primitive CP maps of fixed Kraus rank is path-connected and we provide a complete classification of the connected components of irreducible CP maps at given Kraus rank and fixed peripheral spectrum in terms of a multiplicity index. These findings are then applied to analyse 1D quantum phases by studying equivalence classes of translational invariant matrix product states that correspond to the connected components of the respective CP maps. Our results extend the previously obtained picture in that they do not require blocking of physical sites, they lead to analytic paths, and they allow us to decompose into ergodic components and to study the breaking of translational symmetry.
Eigenvector method for umbrella sampling enables error analysis
Authors: Thiede Erik H. , Van Koten Brian , Weare Jonathan , Dinner Aaron R.
Published: August 2016

Umbrella sampling efficiently yields equilibrium averages that depend on exploring rare states of a model by biasing simulations to windows of coordinate values and then combining the resulting data with physical weighting. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework that casts the step of combining the data as an eigenproblem. The advantage to this approach is that it facilitates error analysis. We discuss how the error scales with the number of windows. Then, we derive a central limit theorem for averages that are obtained from umbrella sampling. The central limit theorem suggests an estimator of the error contributions from individual windows, and we develop a simple and computationally inexpensive procedure for implementing it. We demonstrate this estimator for simulations of the alanine dipeptide and show that it emphasizes low free energy pathways between stable states in comparison to existing approaches for assessing error contributions. Our work suggests the possibility of using the estimator and, more generally, the eigenvector method for umbrella sampling to guide adaptation of the simulation parameters to accelerate convergence.
VQS (vapor-quasiliquid-solid, vapor-quasisolid-solid) mechanism for the catalyst-free and catalyst-mediated non-eutectic syntheses of single-crystal nanowires
Authors: Noor Mohammad S.
Published: August 2016

Catalyst-free and catalyst-assisted nanowire (NW) syntheses are increasingly carried out by mechanism(s) other than the well-known VLS (vapor-liquid-solid) mechanism. Yet these growths are not fully understood. An in-depth investigation has been carried out to understand the mechanism of the catalyst-free and catalyst-mediated non-VLS NW growths. Various chemical and physical processes involved in these growths have been studied to formulate general principles. Phase transitions, synthesis routes, and the fundamentals underlying these routes have been explored. Nanoparticle surfaces conducive to NW syntheses have been examined. The role of surface treatment, such as oxidation, oxygenation, doping, acid treatment, plasma treatment, etc., in creating such surfaces has been elucidated. Surface treatment and phase transition under appropriate growth conditions (temperature, pressure, ambient, and the presence of contaminants) have been found to be important. They play a crucial role in creating diffusion paths for the diffusion of the growth species for NW growths. Interdiffusion of the catalyst and the growth species on the nanoparticle surface has been found also to add a new dimension to the growth kinetics. When integrated together, they create a unified platform versatile enough to explain essentially all catalyst-free and catalyst-mediated non-eutectic NW growths. The platform uncovers numerous growth-related problems never understood before. Available experiments extensively support this platform. These experiments suggest that it is based on solid foundation and has broad and probably universal appeal. It pertains to the vapor-quasiliquid-solid, vapor-quasi-solid-solid mechanism proposed some six years ago.
Stationary shapes for 2-d water-waves and hydraulic jumps
Authors: Fontelos M. A. , Lecaros R. , López-Ríos J. C. , Ortega J. H.
Published: August 2016

A hydraulic jump is a physical phenomenon commonly observed in nature such as in open channel flows or spillways and is dependent upon the relation between the initial upstream fluid speed and a critical speed characterized by a dimensionless number F known as the Froude number. In this paper we prove the existence of hydraulic jumps for stationary water-waves as a consequence of the existence of bifurcation branches of non-flat liquid interfaces originated from each of a sequence of upstream velocities F1 > F2 > ⋯ > Fr > ⋯ (Fr → 0 as r → ∞). We further establish explicitly, for F > 0, F≠Fr, r ∈ ℕ, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a perfect, incompressible, irrotational free surface flow over a flat bottom, under the influence of gravity; as well as the corresponding hydraulic jump.
Collective dynamic dipole moment and orientation fluctuations, cooperative hydrogen bond relaxations, and their connections to dielectric relaxation in ionic acetamide deep eutectics: Microscopic insight from simulations
Authors: Das Suman , Biswas Ranjit , Mukherjee Biswaroop
Published: August 2016

The paper reports a detailed simulation study on collective reorientational relaxation, cooperative hydrogen bond (H-bond) fluctuations, and their connections to dielectric relaxation (DR) in deep eutectic solvents made of acetamide and three uni-univalent electrolytes, lithium nitrate (LiNO3), lithium bromide (LiBr), and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4). Because cooperative H-bond fluctuations and ion migration complicate the straightforward interpretation of measured DR timescales in terms of molecular dipolar rotations for these conducting media which support extensive intra- and inter-species H-bonding, one needs to separate out the individual components from the overall relaxation for examining the microscopic origin of various timescales. The present study does so and finds that reorientation of ion-complexed acetamide molecules generates relaxation timescales that are in sub-nanosecond to nanosecond range. This explains in molecular terms the nanosecond timescales reported by recent giga-Hertz DR measurements. Interestingly, the simulated survival timescale for the acetamide-Li+ complex has been found to be a few tens of nanosecond, suggesting such a cation-complexed species may be responsible for a similar timescale reported by mega-Hertz DR measurements of acetamide/potassium thiocyanate deep eutectics near room temperature. The issue of collective versus single particle relaxation is discussed, and jump waiting time distributions are determined. Dependence on anion-identity in each of the cases has been examined. In short, the present study demonstrates that assumption of nano-sized domain formation is not required for explaining the DR detected nanosecond and longer timescales in these media.
Kinetics and intermediate phases in epitaxial growth of Fe3O4 films from deposition and thermal reduction
Authors: Zhang Xiaozhe , Yang Sen , Yang Zhimao , Xu Xiaoshan
Published: August 2016

We have studied the kinetics of the transitions between the Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 phases as thin epilayers (∼2.5 nm) on Al2O3 (001) substrates using time-resolved reflection high energy electron diffraction. The different iron oxide phases were identified using a combination of in-situ and ex-situ characterizations. The transition from an α-Fe2O3 (001) epilayer to a Fe3O4 (111) epilayer through thermal reduction was found to be determined by the Fe-O bonding energy, resulting in a long time scale. The oxidation at high temperature converts a Fe3O4 (111) epilayer to an α-Fe2O3 (001) epilayer quickly; at low temperature, a γ-Fe2O3 (111) epilayer was slowly generated instead. By repeating the deposition/thermal reduction processes, a thicker Fe3O4 (111) film was obtained, which exhibit high crystallinity and moderate magnetic coercivity.
First-principles analysis of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism for transition metal complex oxides
Authors: Ikeno Hidekazu
Published: August 2016

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) is widely used for the characterization of magnetism of materials. However, information from XMCD related to the atomic, electronic, and magnetic structures is not fully utilized due to the lack of reliable theoretical tools for spectral analysis. In this work, the first-principles configuration interaction (CI) calculations for X-ray absorption spectra developed by the author were extended for the calculation of XMCD, where the Zeeman energy was taken into the Hamiltonian of the CI to mimic magnetic polarization in the solid state. This technique was applied to interpret the L2,3 XMCD from 3d transition metal complex oxides, such as NiFe2O4 and FeTiO3. The experimental XMCD spectra were quantitatively reproduced using this method. The oxidation states as well as the magnetic ordering between transition metal ions on crystallographically different sites in NiFe2O4 can be unambiguously determined. A first-principles analysis of XMCD in FeTiO3 revealed the presence of Fe3+ and Ti3+ ions, which indicates that the charge transfer from Fe to Ti ions occurs. The origin of magnetic polarization of Ti ions in FeTiO3 was also discussed.
Theoretical prediction of low-density hexagonal ZnO hollow structures
Authors: Tuoc Vu Ngoc , Huan Tran Doan , Thao Nguyen Thi , Tuan Le Manh
Published: August 2016

Along with wurtzite and zinc blende, zinc oxide (ZnO) has been found in a large number of polymorphs with substantially different properties and, hence, applications. Therefore, predicting and synthesizing new classes of ZnO polymorphs are of great significance and have been gaining considerable interest. Herein, we perform a density functional theory based tight-binding study, predicting several new series of ZnO hollow structures using the bottom-up approach. The geometry of the building blocks allows for obtaining a variety of hexagonal, low-density nanoporous, and flexible ZnO hollow structures. Their stability is discussed by means of the free energy computed within the lattice-dynamics approach. Our calculations also indicate that all the reported hollow structures are wide band gap semiconductors in the same fashion with bulk ZnO. The electronic band structures of the ZnO hollow structures are finally examined in detail.
Structure and high photocatalytic activity of (N, Ta)-doped TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Le N. T. H. , Thanh T. D. , Pham V.-T. , Phan T. L. , Lam V. D. , Manh D. H. , Anh T. X. , Le T. K. C. , Thammajak N. , Hong L. V. , Yu S. C.
Published: August 2016

A hydrothermal method was used to prepare three nano-crystalline samples of TiO2 (S1), N-doped TiO2 (S2), and (N, Ta)-codoped TiO2 (S3) with average crystallite sizes (D) of 13–25 nm. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed a single phase of the samples with a tetragonal/anatase structure. A slight increase in the lattice parameters was observed when N and/or Ta dopants were doped into the TiO2 host lattice. Detailed analyses of extended X-ray absorption spectra indicated that N- and/or Ta-doping into TiO2 nanoparticles influenced the co-ordination number and radial distance (R) of Ti ions in the anatase structure. Concerning their absorption spectra, (N, Ta)-doping narrowed the band gap (Eg) of TiO2 from 3.03 eV for S1 through 2.94 eV for S2 to 2.85 eV for S3. Such results revealed the applicability of these nanoparticles in the photocatalytic field working in the ultraviolet (UV)-visible region. Among these, photocatalytic activity of S3 was the strongest. By using S3 as a catalyst powder, the degradation efficiency of methylene blue solution was about 99% and 93% after irradiation of UV-visible light for 75 min and visible-light for 180 min, respectively.
First principles calculation of thermal expansion coefficients of pure and Cr doped α-alumina crystals
Authors: Tohei Tetsuya , Watanabe Yuito , Lee Hak-Sung , Ikuhara Yuichi
Published: August 2016

We have performed theoretical analysis of thermal expansion behavior of alumina crystals under finite temperature based on first principles phonon state calculations. Liner thermal expansion coefficients of a pure α-alumina crystal have been evaluated based on quasi-harmonic approximation including crystalline anisotropy. The Cr doping effect on the alumina crystal has also been examined and found that the doping can cause a noticeable change on the thermal expansion coefficient. The present results demonstrate that the first principles theoretical approach can be helpful for reproducing or predicting thermal expansion behaviors including dopant effects, which may pave a way for possible control of thermal expansion of materials by doping or alloying.
Correlation of the plasmon-enhanced photoconductance and photovoltaic properties of core-shell Au@TiO2 network
Authors: Yang Yiqun , Wu Judy , Li Jun
Published: August 2016

This study reveals the contribution of hot electrons from the excited plasmonic nanoparticles in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by correlating the photoconductance of a core-shell Au@TiO2 network on a micro-gap electrode and the photovolatic properties of this material as photoanodes in DSSCs. The distinct wavelength dependence of these two devices reveals that the plasmon-excited hot electrons can easily overcome the Schottky barrier at Au/TiO2 interface in the whole visible wavelength range and transfer from Au nanoparticles into the TiO2 network. The enhanced charge carrier density leads to higher photoconductance and facilitates more efficient charge separation and photoelectron collection in the DSSCs.
Towards an ab initio theory for metal L-edge soft X-ray spectroscopy of molecular aggregates
Authors: Preuße Marie , Bokarev Sergey I. , Aziz Saadullah G. , Kühn Oliver
Published: August 2016

The Frenkel exciton model was adapted to describe X-ray absorption and resonant inelastic scattering spectra of polynuclear transition metal complexes by means of the restricted active space self-consistent field method. The proposed approach allows to substantially decrease the requirements on computational resources if compared to a full supermolecular quantum chemical treatment. This holds true, in particular, in cases where the dipole approximation to the electronic transition charge density can be applied. The computational protocol was applied to the calculation of X-ray spectra of the hemin complex, which forms dimers in aqueous solution. The aggregation effects were found to be comparable to the spectral alterations due to the replacement of the axial ligand by solvent molecules.
Note: Sound recovery from video using SVD-based information extraction
Authors: Zhang Dashan , Guo Jie , Lei Xiujun , Zhu Chang’an
Published: August 2016

This note reports an efficient singular value decomposition (SVD)-based vibration extraction approach that recovers sound information in silent high-speed video. A high-speed camera of which frame rates are in the range of 2 kHz–10 kHz is applied to film the vibrating objects. Sub-images cut from video frames are transformed into column vectors and then reconstructed to a new matrix. The SVD of the new matrix produces orthonormal image bases (OIBs) and image projections onto specific OIB can be recovered as understandable acoustical signals. Standard frequencies of 256 Hz and 512 Hz tuning forks are extracted offline from their vibrating surfaces and a 3.35 s speech signal is recovered online from a piece of paper that is stimulated by sound waves within 1 min.
Determination of intrinsic ferroelectric polarization in lossy improper ferroelectric systems
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjal , Goswami Sudipta , Bhattacharya Dipten , Midya Arindam , Mandal P.
Published: August 2016

We measured the intrinsic hysteretic polarization in lossy improper and nanoferroelectric systems where the nonhysteretic polarization and leakage are large and the relaxation takes place over a broader time scale. We used different measurement protocols such as standard single triangular voltage pulse, a pulse train of Positive Up Negative Down, and an even more complicated pulse train of fourteen voltage pulses and compared the results obtained. We show that a protocol which sends a train of fourteen pulses is more appropriate for extracting relaxed (i.e., time scale independent) and intrinsic remanent polarization for these samples. We also point out that it is possible to select and design an appropriate measurement protocol depending on the magnitude of polarization and leakage of the system.
On the profitability of irrigated fodder production: comparative evidence from smallholders in Koga irrigation scheme, Ethiopia
Authors: Getnet Kindie , Haileslasseie Amare , Dessalegne Yigzaw , Hagos Fitsum , Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher , Gebremedhin Berhanu
Published: August 2016

Irrigated fodder production can be vitalised as a useful strategy to sustainably intensify subsistence livestock production owned and managed by smallholders and to diversify farm income through linkages to commercial livestock systems. However, uncertainty about the production and market environment of such a non-traditional commodity can be a major hindrance against commercialisation and scaling out of irrigated fodder production. This makes ex-ante analysis of profit portfolio and its determinants necessary in order to improve farmers’ investment and risk management decisions. Using a stochastic approach to farm profit analysis to account for business uncertainty, this paper simulated and compared the level and distribution of profit that smallholders in Koga irrigation scheme (Ethiopia) can generate from irrigated Rhodes grass seed and from traditional irrigated crops. The finding shows the absolute and comparative profitability of irrigated Rhodes grass seed. Though 0.19 times less profitable than irrigated onion, irrigated Rhodes grass seed is 4 times, 1.27 times, and 1.25 times more profitable than irrigated barley, irrigated wheat, and irrigated tomato, respectively. Profit from the commodity is robust to adverse business conditions such as yield reduction, cost increase, and price reduction, assuring optimism about positive financial returns from investments to expand production. Long-term business viability can be improved and farm income further stabilised through interventions targeted at fodder agronomy to enhance crop yield and at value chain development to improve market linkages and output price.
IL2Rβ-dependent signals drive terminal exhaustion and suppress memory development during chronic viral infection
Authors: Beltra Jean-Christophe , Bourbonnais Sara , Bédard Nathalie , Charpentier Tania , Boulangé Moana , Michaud Eva , Boufaied Ines , Bruneau Julie , Shoukry Naglaa H. , Lamarre Alain , Decaluwe Hélène
Published: August 2016

Significance

During chronic viral infection, CD8
+
T cells are gradually deprived of their principal effector functions and irreversibly loose their plasticity to develop into memory populations, precluding the establishment of long-lasting protective immunity. Relevant host-derived factors directing this T-cell exhaustion process have remained elusive. Growing evidence suggests that the cytokine milieu dramatically impacts the outcome of chronic viral infection. However, it is unclear if cytokines directly promote CD8
+
T-cell exhaustion and, if so, which specific cytokines are involved in this process. Here we demonstrate a critical role for two highly related cytokines, IL-2 and IL-15, in the terminal differentiation of highly exhausted CD8
+
T cells and the lack of immunological memory observed during chronic viral infection.
Mutations associated with familial Parkinson’s disease alter the initiation and amplification steps of α-synuclein aggregation
Authors: Flagmeier Patrick , Meisl Georg , Vendruscolo Michele , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Dobson Christopher M. , Buell Alexander K. , Galvagnion Céline
Published: August 2016

Significance

Proteinaceous deposits composed primarily of amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein are a hallmark of a range of neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disease. Mutations of the gene encoding α-synuclein have been associated with familial variants of Parkinson’s disease and lead to early- and late-onset forms of the disease. Using a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches specifically designed for the study of α-synuclein, we report that the mutations dramatically affect the rate of lipid-induced fibril production and surface-catalyzed fibril amplification processes. Such a systematic study provides new insights into the influence that single-amino acid replacements in α-synuclein can have on the two steps of α-synuclein aggregation that are likely to be crucial for disease: the initial formation of aggregates and their proliferation.
Chemical profiling of ancient hearths reveals recurrent salmon use in Ice Age Beringia
Authors: Choy Kyungcheol , Potter Ben A. , McKinney Holly J. , Reuther Joshua D. , Wang Shiway W. , Wooller Matthew J.
Published: August 2016

Significance

Reconstructing subsistence practices of ancient hunter-gatherers requires quantitative data on food resources, which rarely preserve. Here we use chemical profiling of hearth sediments from three Ice Age occupations in Alaska (13,200–11,500 years ago), including compound-specific stable isotope analyses and a Bayesian mixing model, to estimate proportional contributions of marine (salmon), freshwater, and terrestrial resources. The model is verified through zooarchaeological analyses and demonstrates the importance of salmonid and freshwater resources to these early Americans. Our study also provides evidence for the earliest use of salmon in the Americas.
Endoplasmic reticulum-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 controls B-cell immunity through degradation of the death receptor CD95/Fas
Authors: Kong Sinyi , Yang Yi , Xu Yuanming , Wang Yajun , Zhang Yusi , Melo-Cardenas Johanna , Xu Xiangping , Gao Beixue , Thorp Edward B. , Zhang Donna D. , Zhang Bin , Song Jianxun , Zhang Kezhong , Zhang Jianning , Zhang Jinping , Li Huabin , Fang Deyu
Published: August 2016

Significance

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 controls ER stress through clearance of misfolded proteins. However, the physiological roles—in particular, the cell- and organ-specific functions of Hrd1 ERAD—remain undefined. Here we demonstrate that Hrd1 ERAD governs a critical checkpoint of B-cell immunity via controlling the activation-induced apoptosis of B cells. At the molecular level, Hrd1 functions as an ubiquitin ligase for the death receptor CD95/Fas. Given the fact of the ubiquitous roles of Fas in cell death and the ubiquitous expression of the antiapoptotic ubiquitin ligase Hrd1, Hrd1-mediated Fas degradation is likely a common biological mechanism in regulating Fas-induced cell death.
MRG15 is required for pre-mRNA splicing and spermatogenesis
Authors: Iwamori Naoki , Tominaga Kaoru , Sato Tetsuya , Riehle Kevin , Iwamori Tokuko , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Coarfa Cristian , Ono Etsuro , Matzuk Martin M.
Published: August 2016

Significance

Pre-mRNA splicing generates protein diversity, is involved in the regulation of cellular differentiation, and can be epigenetically regulated by histone modifications. Chromatin binding proteins, which recognize histone modifications, recruit splicing regulators to methylated histones around tissue-specific splicing regions and regulate pre-mRNA splicing. However, the interplay of epigenetic factors and the splicing machinery during spermatogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that epigenetic regulation of pre-mRNA splicing is required for spermatogenesis and male fertility. Thus, novel splicing diversity is important for spermatogenesis, and defects in this system may trigger disease.
Vitamin C increases viral mimicry induced by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine
Authors: Liu Minmin , Ohtani Hitoshi , Zhou Wanding , Ørskov Andreas Due , Charlet Jessica , Zhang Yang W. , Shen Hui , Baylin Stephen B. , Liang Gangning , Grønbæk Kirsten , Jones Peter A.
Published: August 2016

Significance

Our work shows a remarkable synergy between physiological levels of vitamin C and 5-aza-CdR. The combination enhances the viral mimicry response to DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, including the upregulation of endogenous retroviruses in the dsRNA form and the induction of viral defense pathways. Because patients with hematological and other cancers are often markedly vitamin C deficient, the addition of vitamin C to treatment protocols may be a straightforward way to increase the clinical efficacy of such drugs in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia.
Disciplinary dialogues with translation studies
Authors: Gambier Yves , van Doorslaer Luc
Published: August 2016

From the very beginnings of translation studies, the discipline explicitly referred
to various influences from other fields, both methodologically and contentwise.
This chapter describes the historical development from a polydiscipline to an
interdiscipline, including the concurrent opportunities and risks. It also links
it up with the phenomenon that today several other disciplines seem to feel
the need for a translation-like concept. It problematizes, and at the same time
attempts to clarify, the uses of poly-, multi-, sub-, inter- and transdisciplinarity
in the context of translation studies. As a consequence, this book project was
conceptualized. The development of this project, leading to border-crossing
dialogues between disciplines, is also explained.
Communication studies and translation studies
Authors: House Juliane , Loenhoff Jens
Published: August 2016

The authors of this chapter, who are associated with the disciplines translation
studies and communication studies respectively, have entered into a constructive
dialogue about whether their two fields can be said to be related, where
common research interests are located and how the two fields might benefit
from close cooperation. The authors list a number of contact points between
their disciplines, and they suggest common research paths that might be fruitfully
embarked on in the future.
Sociology and translation studies
Authors: Buzelin Hélène , Baraldi Claudio
Published: August 2016

This chapter presents a collaboration between a sociologist and a translation
scholar. Reflecting on the transdisciplinarity of translation and interpreting
studies, the authors highlight differences, similarities and connections between
this ‘interdiscipline’ and sociology. It starts with a record of the relationships
between sociology and translation studies, moving to a reflection on the relationship
between research and practice, then it focuses on social constructivism
as a potential bridge. In particular, it analyses the contributions of actor-network
theory and social systems theory. The chapter culminates with the
question of the combinability of social theories.
Biosemiotics and translation studies
Authors: Marais Kobus , Kull Kalevi
Published: August 2016

In this chapter, we explore the mutual fecundation to which an interdisciplinary
perspective between biosemiotics and translation studies may lead. In particular,
we explore the expansion of the notion of translation itself brought about
by thinking from the realm of biosemiotics. We also explore the enrichment of
the notions of semiosis and meaning-making in biological sciences that may result from an
interdisciplinary debate with translation studies. In the process, we illustrate by
means of the article a possible process and outcomes of such interdisciplinary
work, choosing not to reflect on interdisciplinarity but to show it in action. The
chapter brings into dialogue Peircean semiotics and the most recent literature in
biosemiotics in a demonstration of how interdisciplinary communication can
enrich both fields of study under the rubric of intersemiotic translation.
Gaps and stopgaps in Basque finite verb agreement*
Authors: Rezac Milan
Published: August 2016

This chapter surveys gaps in Basque finite verb agreement, their sources, and their theoretical consequences. First come interpretive gaps due to Condition B. In Basque they are grammaticalised, and reveal a useful distinction between agreement and clitic systems. Next are gaps due to conditions on syntactic dependencies, two taken up in detail. One is the impossibility of dative agreement across an absolutive, which does not rule out any forms but certain pairings of form and meaning. The second is the Person Case Constraint, a gap with repairs through otherwise unavailable syntactic structures and novel agreeing forms. Last and in most detail are taken up morphological gaps in many western dialects, where some or all 1st person plural + 2nd person combinations are missing. In their place are often found stopgaps, forms that fail to code features of the arguments involved, including forms surface-identical to impersonals. A concern throughout is the potential of gaps and responses to them in helping understand the boundaries and interactions of morphology, syntax and interpretation.
A novel sleep optimisation programme to improve athletes’ well‐being and performance
Authors: Van Ryswyk Emer , Weeks Richard , Bandick Laura , O'Keefe Michaela , Vakulin Andrew , Catcheside Peter , Barger Laura , Potter Andrew , Poulos Nick , Wallace Jarryd , Antic Nick A.
Published: August 2016

Objectives: To improve well‐being and performance indicators in a group of Australian Football League (AFL) players via a six‐week sleep optimisation programme. Design: Prospective intervention study following observations suggestive of reduced sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness in an AFL group. Methods: Athletes from the Adelaide Football Club were invited to participate if they had played AFL senior‐level football for 1–5 years, or if they had excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] >10), measured via ESS. An initial education session explained normal sleep needs, and how to achieve increased sleep duration and quality. Participants (n = 25) received ongoing feedback on their sleep, and a mid‐programme education and feedback session. Sleep duration, quality and related outcomes were measured during week one and at the conclusion of the six‐week intervention period using sleep diaries, actigraphy, ESS, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Profile of Mood States, Training Distress Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task. Results: Sleep diaries demonstrated an increase in total sleep time of approximately 20 min (498.8 ± 53.8 to 518.7 ± 34.3; p < .05) and a 2% increase in sleep efficiency (p < 0.05). There was a corresponding increase in vigour (p < 0.001) and decrease in fatigue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Improvements in measures of sleep efficiency, fatigue and vigour indicate that a sleep optimisation programme may improve athletes’ well‐being. More research is required into the effects of sleep optimisation on athletic performance.
Influence of Tb on easy magnetization direction and magnetostriction of ferromagnetic Laves phase GdFe2 compounds*
Authors: Murtaza Adil , Yang Sen , Zhou Chao , Song Xiaoping
Published: August 2016

The crystal structure, magnetization, and spontaneous magnetostriction of ferromagnetic Laves phase GdFe2 compound have been investigated. High resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that GdFe2 has a lower cubic symmetry with easy magnetization direction (EMD) along [100] below Curie temperature T
C. The replacement of Gd with a small amount of Tb changes the EMD to [111]. The Curie temperature decreases while the field dependence of the saturation magnetization (M
s) measured in temperature range 5–300 K varies with increasing Tb concentration. Coercivity H
c increases with increasing Tb concentration and decays exponentially as temperature increases. The anisotropy in GdFe2 is so weak that some of the rare-earth substitution plays an important role in determining the easy direction of magnetization in GdFe2. The calculated magnetostrictive constant λ
100 shows a small value of 37×10−6. This value agrees well with experimental data 30×10−6. Under a relatively small magnetic field, GdFe2 exhibits a V-shaped positive magnetostriction curve. When the field is further increased, the crystal exhibits a negative magnetostriction curve. This phenomenon has been discussed in term of magnetic domain switching. Furthermore, magnetostriction increases with increasing Tb concentration. Our work leads to a simple and unified mesoscopic explanation for magnetostriction in ferromagnets. It may also provide insight for developing novel functional materials.
Effects of physically active video gaming on cognition and activities of daily living in childhood brain tumor survivors: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Sabel Magnus , Sjölund Anette , Broeren Jürgen , Arvidsson Daniel , Saury Jean-Michel , Gillenstrand Jonas , Emanuelson Ingrid , Blomgren Klas , Lannering Birgitta
Published: August 2016

Background.

Physical activity can enhance cognitive functions in both animals and humans. We hypothesized that physically active video gaming could: i) improve cognitive functions and ii) improve the execution of activities of daily living among survivors of childhood brain tumors.

Methods.

Children 7 to 17 years old who completed treatment, including radiotherapy, for a brain tumor 1 to 5 years earlier were randomized to either intervention or waiting list. After 10 to 12 weeks the groups crossed over. The intervention consisted of active video gaming, using a motion-controlled video console (Nintendo Wii), for a minimum of 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week and weekly Internet-based coaching sessions. Evaluations before and after each period included tests of the execution of activities of daily living, using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and cognitive tests. Test scores before and after the intervention were compared. A parallel group comparison was performed as a sensitivity analysis.

Results.

All 13 children enrolled completed the program. Compared to baseline, the motor (P= .012) and process (P=.002) parts of AMPS improved significantly after active video gaming. In the parallel group analysis the improvement in the process part of AMPS remained statistically significant (P= .029), but not the change in AMPS motor score (P= .059). No significant change was found in cognitive tests although there were trends for improvement in sustained attention (P = .090) and selective attention (P = .078).

Conclusion.

In this pilot study, active video gaming used as a home-based intervention for childhood brain tumor survivors improved motor and process skills in activities of daily living.
The Trojan War in the Middle Ages
Authors: Arner Timothy
Published: August 2016

In the Middle Ages, the Fall of Troy functioned as the secular parallel to the Fall of Man. Just as sacred history begins with the Creation, the Fall, and then Adam and Eve being forced to leave Eden, secular history begins with the construction of Troy and the dispersal of Trojan survivors after the city is destroyed by the Greeks. Burgeoning nations throughout western Europe, including England, France, and various Italian territories, claimed Trojan origin, just as the Roman Empire had identified the Trojan Aeneas as its founder. The story of Rome’s Trojan origin was told in Virgil’s Aeneid, the most well-known and influential secular text of the Middle Ages, and medieval chroniclers adapted Virgil’s narrative to tell of how Aeneas’s brethren or descendants founded their own civilizations that could lay claim to Rome’s political heritage and establish new empires (this concept of imperial authority being transferred from one nation to another is known the translatio imperii). Medieval monarchs justified their rule by adopting genealogies that traced their lineage back to the kings and heroes of Troy. The Trojan legend was rehearsed in historical chronicles and adapted into vernacular poetry, and these texts circulated widely throughout the Middle Ages and well into the early modern era. While modern readers identify Homer as the primary source for Trojan material, he was branded a “liar” by medieval writers who rejected his representation of the gods and his association with the Greeks. “Eyewitness” accounts by Dares the Phyrgian and Dictys of Crete were regarded as authentic narratives of how Troy was first built, its destruction by Jason and Hercules after their quest for the golden fleece, its rebuilding by King Priam, the abduction of Helen by Paris, and its final destruction by the Greek army led by Agamemnon, Menelaus, and Ulysses. For a Christian audience, Homer’s false gods could not have played any role. Instead, the story of Troy is one of political debate, military strategy, and the operation of Fortune in the sphere of human action. The story of Troy’s fall and the romantic subplots invented by medieval writers functioned as moral exempla from which readers could learn political, military, and personal virtues. The narratives and themes that constitute the Trojan Legend play a critical role in the development of medieval historiography and literature, though the boundaries between these genres were often blurred.
Iberian Port Cities
Authors: O'Flanagan Patrick
Published: August 2016

This critical review covers most of the leading ports of Iberia. It considers literature referring to the processes that contributed to many aspects of human-built and physical Iberian port architecture. From the early 16th century to 1778, some Iberian ports were subjected to very specific political economies applied with varying amounts of force over a lengthy period. These policies were translated into monopolies facilitating the emergence of a series of privileged ports designated as metropoles and a descending chain of tiers of ports barred from direct trading connections with overseas colonial hubs. Iberian metropoles at the time were permitted to trade only with a series of colonial metropoles, such as Havana, Vera Cruz, Cartagena de Indias, and Goa. The history of these policies has not been written as of the mid-2010s. In this way, Lisbon, Seville, and Cadiz served as kingpins for Atlantic and Pacific commercial activities. These ports are central to this article as are major ports within each of Iberia’s chief regions. Literature is available such as O’Flanagan 2008 (cited under General Overviews) dealing with the outcomes from the derogation of the monopoly of the ports in Spain after 1778. Related literature is abundant for a series of interconnected issues, such as urban growth and form, ethnic and residential patterns, and port hinterland and foreland relations. Coverage is weak on social issues, religion, and political contexts.
Blended Learning
Authors: Graham Charles R.
Published: August 2016

Blended learning is a term that refers to a combination of traditional face-to-face instruction and technology-mediated instruction. The term emerged and gained popularity in the early 2000s. Less commonly used terms in the research are “hybrid” and “mixed-mode” learning environments. In the early 21st century, thousands of articles, books, chapters, and industry reports have been published on the topic. Blended learning is being implemented widely in corporate training, higher education, and K-12 environments. It is often stated that blended learning combines the best of both the online and traditional learning worlds. However, the opposite can also be true, when blends don’t take advantage of the strengths of the different modalities but rather build on their limitations. It is important to understand that this is an emerging domain of research and practice, and theory, models, and best practices are still evolving quite fluidly. This bibliography provides annotations of seminal articles and books in the domain as well as citations to reports that document trends and growth of blended learning.
Intensive Interventions for Children and Adolescents with Conduct Disorder
Authors: Krynen Ariana , Lambie Ian
Published: August 2016

Conduct disorder is defined as a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or in which major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. Among education professionals, young people who present with these behaviors are typically described as having challenging behavior or emotional and behavioral disturbance. Without intervention, children with conduct disorder are seen to have poor long-term outcomes, including involvement with the juvenile justice system. A wide range of interventions have been developed to address conduct disorder among children and adolescents. This article focuses on the most intensive evidence-based programs available for this population. Evidence-based programs outlined include individual-focused, parent- and family-based, school-based, and multimodal interventions, as well as residential-based programs and pharmacological treatment. Given conduct disorder is a correlate of future offending, a number of resources in relation to general delinquency among children and adolescents are presented. Due to the importance of addressing comorbidity and meeting the needs of females and ethnic minorities with conduct disorder, these areas of research are also outlined. Finally, an overview of evidence-based early intervention programs for conduct disorder are provided.
Political Marketing
Authors: Holtz-Bacha Christina
Published: August 2016

The first use of the term political marketing has been attributed to political scientist Stanley Kelley in his book on Professional Public Relations and Political Power (Kelley 1956, cited under Core Texts, p. 53), in which he describes the growing importance of “the public relations man” (p. vii) in political campaigns. Thus, Kelley’s book was also an early account of the rise of the new profession of political consultants and the increasing differentiation of campaign tasks. However, it took another ten to fifteen years until political marketing became gradually acknowledged as a new perspective in the field, and marketing experts such as Philip Kotler promoted the incorporation of the marketing of organizations, persons, and ideas into marketing thought and theory. The early advocates of an extension of the concept of marketing to the political realm had no doubt that commercial and political marketing followed the same principles and that alleged differences were overstated. However, political marketing soon developed into a field of its own that is informed by three parent disciplines: marketing, political science, and communication. At the same time, political marketing, which became regarded both as a discipline and as an activity, moved away from the transactional perspective of commercial marketing to exchange models, which are better adapted to the political environment. The early writings closely associated political marketing with election campaigning. Given that the field is still very much dominated by Anglo-Saxon literature, this association also meant a strong focus on the candidate-oriented US political system or the first-past-the-post voting system of the United Kingdom. With political scientists and, though still to a minor extent, communication scholars gaining more and more ground in the field, political marketing not only broadens the perspective beyond the electoral process but also opens up for other political and media systems.
Andrew Marvell
Authors: Mottram Stewart
Published: August 2016

Andrew Marvell (b. 1621–d. 1678) is today one of the best known of English 17th-century poets, his poems frequently anthologized and studied in school and university syllabi. He was born on 31 March 1621 at Winestead-in-Holderness, fourteen miles southeast of Kingston-upon-Hull. Marvell’s family moved to Hull three years later when his father, a Church of England minister, was appointed master of the Charterhouse, an almshouse for the poor just north of Hull’s town walls. Marvell attended Hull Grammar School between 1629 and 1633, leaving for Trinity College, Cambridge, in December 1633 and traveling in mainland Europe throughout the civil war years in the 1640s. Marvell’s Yorkshire connections later led him to Nun Appleton, near York, where in 1650–1652 he worked as tutor to the daughter of Thomas, Lord Fairfax, the former general of the New Model Army. He also tutored William Dutton, ward of Oliver Cromwell, and worked as a civil servant in Cromwell’s Protectorate government, assisting the poet, John Milton, in Milton’s work at the post of Latin Secretary. In 1659, Marvell was elected a Member of Parliament for Hull, a post he held until his sudden death in August 1678 of a fever he had contracted on a visit to Hull “about the Towns affaires.” Marvell’s poetry has not always been as well received as it is today. Few poems were published in his lifetime, and in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries he was better known as a political controversialist, the author of several prose pamphlets attacking establishment figures in church and state in the 1670s. T. S. Eliot’s influential essay, published in 1921, marked the rise of Marvell’s reputation as a metaphysical poet, but it also had the effect of sidelining Marvell’s political writings and parliamentary career. Recent scholarship has helped assemble a clearer picture of Marvell’s life and times, and a fuller understanding of his complex political and religious views has also helped forge better links between Marvell’s poetry and his political writings. Recent years have seen the publication of new biographies and new editions of Marvell’s complete poems and prose, helping new generations of students and scholars assemble a complete picture of this most complex of 17th-century writers.