bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOWARDS A FRAMEWORK FOR LIGHT-DOSIMETRY STUDIES: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Hartmeyer S.L. , Webler F.S. , Andersen M.
Published: December 2021

For field research of non-visual effects of light, accurate measurement of personal light exposure is required. A consensus framework for light-dosimetry could improve non-visual field research and ensure comparability between studies. Here we present a review of methodologies used in non-visual light-dosimetry studies published to date, focussing on considerations regarding the measurement and preparation of personal light exposure data. Overall, a large variability in the studies’ methodologies is observed, highlighting the need for a consensus framework. We propose methodological considerations that should be included in such a framework and that can guide future studies. Furthermore, we highlight important points that should be addressed in future research to ensure compatibility between different dosimetry studies. Taken together, this review effort underlines the importance of a systematic approach to light-dosimetry in order to harness all the power of integrative lighting research in real-life.
THE ROLE OF DAYLIGHT IN LIBRARY USERS’ SEAT PREFERENCES
Authors: Izmir Tunahan G. , Altamirano H. , Unwin Teji J.
Published: December 2021

Seating that meets the needs and preferences of students can promote a longer stay in libraries and keep students motivated, which in turn influences their emotions and learning abilities. However, existing knowledge on the interaction between daylighting and seating preferences is limited. This study aims to understand what type of spaces are in more demand and the relationship between seat occupancy and daylight availability. Occupancy data of the UCL Bartlett library acquired from motion sensors located underneath each desk was used to assess occupancy, which was then compared to characteristics of space, including daylight availability. The study revealed that although daylight has a considerable impact on students’ seat selection, the seating preference of the students cannot be explained by daylight alone. The seats with a good combination of daylight, outdoor view and privacy are in more demand compared to seats that provide only a high level of daylight. Future research should involve individual perception in addition to occupancy monitoring data, considering daylight conditions together with other components such as privacy, outdoor views, and quietness.
OPTIMISING ROAD LIGHTING TO REDUCE ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES
Authors: Robbins C.J. , Fotios S. , Uttley J. , Rowe R.
Published: December 2021

Pedestrians and motorcyclists are vulnerable road users, being over represented in road traffic collisions (RTCs). One assumed benefit of road lighting is a reduction in RTCs after dark by countering the impairment to the visual detection of hazards that occur after dark. One way to optimise the use of road lighting is to light only those sections of road where light level, and hence visibility, is an important factor. The current study used change in ambient light level on RTCs to investigate those situations where improved vision is likely to have significant impact, and therefore the situations where road lighting is of better cost-benefit effectiveness. For both motorcyclist and pedestrian RTCs there was a significant increase in overall RTC risk in darkness compared to daylight, indicating that there may be an overall benefit of road lighting. While darkness was a particular detriment at junctions for motorcyclists and on high-speed roads for pedestrians, road lighting may not be effective mitigation in either case and therefore alternative ways of increasing conspicuity should be considered.
ANALYSES ON OCCUPANT PATTERNS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS INCLUDING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Manav B. , Kaymaz E.
Published: December 2021

In the last years, as a result of environmental concerns, changes in lifestyle during the COVID-19 crisis, the role of healthy buildings in addition to the main lighting design principles are highlighted. Therefore, today’s lighting design issues include social well-being, mental well-being, and physical well-being more than we discussed in the last century. Hence, we are familiar with occupant-centric and performance-based metrics for residential and non-domestic buildings. The study analyses the extended occupancy patterns, daylight availability, and annual lighting energy demand through a case study in Bursa, Turkey including the COVID-19 pandemic scenario.
REFERENCE WHITE IN A COMPLEX VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Wu C. , Ou L.
Published: December 2021

This study aims to investigate what a reference white really means in a complex scene setting in a virtual environment, specifically whether a reference white is determined by the brightest white object in the entire environment, or is it determined by the brightest white object in the field of view. To achieve the aim, three psychophysical experiments were conducted, one situated in a real room and the other two in virtual reality. Experimental results show that colour appearance in VR is comparable to colour appearance in a real space. Regarding reference white, the brightest white object is not necessarily regarded as the reference white especially when it is located far away from the test colour. The brightest white object needs to be located within the viewing field for the test colour in order to be regarded as the reference white.
KEEPING THE BENEFIT OF ILMD’s HIGH RESOLUTION IN MEASURING LIGHTING QUALITY PARAMETERS
Authors: Boucher V. , Buschmann S. , Greffier F. , Muzet V. , Voelker S.
Published: December 2021

The dimensioning of lighting installations is performed according to the specifications of CIE documents and relevant standards. Differences are often observed between simulations and experimental measurements regarding the quality criteria and luminance distributions. This paper deals with road lighting quality parameters evaluation between experimental ILMD images and calculations. Influence of image rectification is first examined. Impacts of image resolution, grid resolution and grid positioning on average luminance, overall uniformity and longitudinal uniformity are evaluated. An elliptical method based on human eye resolution and perspective projection is presented for road lighting calculations. It conducts to a good robustness regarding misalignment and give access to a pixel-to-pixel comparison with experimental ILMD images.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF CULTURAL BACKGROUND IN THE LIT ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Izmir Tunahan G. , Altamirano H. , Unwin Teji J.
Published: December 2021

In environmental terms, culture represents the climatic and indoor conditions people have experienced during a significant part of their life. Consequently, people exposed to different cultures might have different expectations of the lighting environment. Knowing the lighting expectations due to cultural experiences have numerous advantages; it could help meet the occupants’ needs and preferences and provide occupant satisfaction, reducing unnecessary energy consumption in the built environment. This paper aims to summarise a systematic review to create a conceptual framework of cultural background in the lit environment, which could help understand the impact of cultural background on daylight perception and expectation. This review highlighted that cultural background in lighting environment should be evaluated considering (1) the ethnicity and/or physiological characteristics of the individual eyes, (2) the area (luminance environment) where people used to live (3) the luminance environment they were recently exposed to and (4) the socio-cultural background of individuals. Future research should further test these components together and separately to investigate which component or combination is more influential on daylight perception.
THE VISUAL CUES USED TO EVALUATE OTHER PEDESTRIANS; FACE, BODY, OR SOMETHING ELSE?
Authors: Hamoodh K. , Fotios S.
Published: December 2021

In subsidiary roads, lighting is installed to meet the needs of pedestrians after dark for safety and their feeling of safety. One aspect is the need to evaluate other people to inform the approach-or-avoid decision. To investigate how changes in lighting matter for this task, we first need to know where people tend to look. Much past work assumes the face is the critical target but this assumption has yet to be tested. A pilot study suggested ability to see the hands and face were significant cues, but did not enable their separate contributions to be identified. This paper describes a second experiment conducted to compare the effect of changes in face and hand concealment on evaluations of safety. The results suggest significant differences between levels of face concealment but smaller differences for changes in hand concealment. The findings from both experiments support the importance of the face for evaluating other pedestrians.
SPECTRAL TRANSMISSION AND SCATTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN SKIN
Authors: Akizuki Y. , Osumi M.
Published: December 2021

It is necessary for making the real appearance of human skin sample to deal with not only the spectral reflectance characteristics but also the multi-layer structure and translucency. This paper reported the measurement and analysis of the spectral transmitted and scattering light characteristics. For five subjects, the maximum of transmitted light intensity was resulted at 700 nm near the light source, and decreased with decreasing wavelength. Longer the wavelength, longer the distance which the transmitted light intensity was downing to zero. we defined the average attenuation ratio per unit transmitted light intensity which had the calculation range from 3.5 mm from the light source to the distance that the variation ratio of the transmitted light intensity per unit distance was converged to zero. All subjects’ results showed the peak of the average attenuation ratio at 700 nm and the value were almost 0.5. And they decreased with decreasing wavelength.
UNFILTERED TRAP-BASED PHOTOMETER CALIBRATION
Authors: Kliment P. , Šmíd M. , Porrovecchio G.
Published: December 2021

LED-based light sources have replaced massively traditional sources. The metrology traceability chains realised in leading European NMIs utilise the absolutely calibrated broadband radiometers (three-element silicon trap detectors) for calibrating primary photometers. Specific spectral properties of white LED allow to apply the trap detectors directly as new primary photometers. The unfiltered technique (Dӧnsberg at al., 2014) is used and the calibration of spectral irradiance responsivity is needed. We have a long experience in detector-based spectral irradiance responsivity calibrations declared by particular CMC’s published in BIPM KCDB. The aim of this work was to revise the uncertainty budget in order to reduce the measurement uncertainties for specific application of calibration of the trap-based unfiltered primary photometers UPP. The two calibration methods were used to analyse the occasional back-reflection effect of the UPP front aperture. The measurement was performed using our reference spectral responsivity facility in spectral range 350 nm – 900 nm.
COMPARISON OF LUMINOUS FLUX MAINTENANCE METHODS, CONTINOUS VS. ON/OFF CYCLES
Authors: Corell D.D. , Dam-Hansen C. , Thorseth A.
Published: December 2021

This paper will present preliminary results from a research project comparing two methods for estimating the lifetime of LED products, LM-84 (6000 h test) and the new EU endurance test (3600h test) including on/off cycling, that will be required by EU from 2021. Beside the luminous flux development for the sources tested, their colorimetric results will also be examined as a function of time. Preliminary results for two series of LED products will be presented. For one series, the 3600h test have been completed, for the remaining series only results from the 6000h test is available. Results of the luminous flux and colour maintenance will be presented. Initial examinations shows good agreement between the two tests methods for the first series of LED products measured.
A REAL-TIME INTEGRATIVE LIGHTING SYSTEM FRAMEWORK BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Durmus D.
Published: December 2021

Smart lighting systems are based on sensors and tunable lighting systems are increasingly more prevalent, but collecting, analysing, and using the large data generated by these sensors are challenging. Inspired by research on evolutionary algorithms, it can be hypothesized that an adaptive lighting system can operate in real-time by adjusting its output through a decision-making algorithm based on data mining techniques. Such an adaptive lighting system requires two-order input from users; initial and continual. Initial conditions provide training to the system through human factors research investigating the interaction between humans and their environment. Continual conditions are provided by data collected through sensors in real-time, and they continuously feed into the decision-making algorithm to adjust the output to meet occupants’ biological and psychological needs. Research indicates that artificial intelligence techniques, such as evolutionary algorithms, can emerge as good candidates for this framework.
HIEQ LAB: A NOVEL FULL-SCALE FACILITY WITH OCCUPANTS TO INVESTIGATE INTEGRATIVE LIGHTING AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE IN A MULTI-DOMAIN APPROACH
Authors: Giovannini L. , Lo Verso V.R.M. , Favoino F. , Serra V. , Pellegrino A.
Published: December 2021

The new HIEQ Lab (Health, well-being and Indoor Environmental Quality Laboratory) is presented. It is a living lab, primarily intended for research on human performance, comfort, and well-being, integrated with the energy performance in a completely controlled real space. Users are involved as active players in controlling and assessing building components and design strategies for health, well-being and IEQ requirements. Experimental activities will be addressed through a multi-domain approach that combines lighting, acoustic, air quality and thermal issues. For what concerns lighting, the laboratory is conceived to study the performance of daylighting and electric lighting systems and control solutions, focusing on the relationship between lighting conditions and human performance, comfort, and well-being. The paper reports the results of a literature review on existing lighting research facilities, and then describes the features of the new HIEQ Lab and its main research objectives, with a focus on lighting and daylighting research opportunities.
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING DESIGN WITH CONCEPT OF HUMAN CENTRIC LIGHTING CRITERIA IN CELL OFFICES
Authors: Aliparast Sevda , Onaygil Sermin
Published: December 2021

Human centric lighting (HCL) is the sum of visual and non-visual effects of light on humans. According to the results of the research carried out to date it is explained that lighting design results for cell office should reach EML (Equivalent Melanopic Lux) higher than 250 and CS (Circadian Stimulus) approximately 0.4-0.3 at office hours 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM. This study is an alternative lighting design were created in which EML and CS criteria values are specified in cell office without receiving daylight. Artificial electrical lighting design should be analysed in order to deliver an optimal circadian lighting that can help to increase occupant’s productivity, performance and decreasing energy consumption.
CREATING A SENSE OF THE UNUSUAL WITH CHROMATIC LIGHT
Authors: Inoue K. , Kaba S. , Heo J.
Published: December 2021

Due to the influence of COVID-19, there is a need to create an environment where people can relax and feel special in a separated space. Therefore, in this study, we will clarify the psychological changes that occur when people are surrounded by an unusual environment.
This study prepared eight LED lighting colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, light blue, purple, and white. The room was illuminated, and the participants were asked to evaluate their impressions using the SD method on a 7-point scale.
As a result of impression evaluation, red gave a warm impression, yellow gave a bright impression, blue gave a cold impression, and purple gave a mature impression, just like the psychological effects of colours. Green gave an artificial impression that was different from the psychological effects of the other colours.
From these results, we can conclude that impressions do not correlate with colour symbolism when the entire room is illuminated with coloured light. In the future, we will clarify the relationship between wavelength and impression by studying the spectral distribution of each light source.
EVALUATION STRUCTURE ON PREFERENCE OF PAINTING’S APPEARANCE WITH LOW REFLECTANCE IN THE MUSEUM LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Maeda A. , Oe Y. , Yoshizawa N.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the evaluation structure of the preference for the visibility of paintings, taking into account the characteristics of paintings with low reflectance. Although illuminance is used in the standards for museum lighting (CIE 157:2004), it is desirable to design lighting that also considers luminance from the viewpoint of perceived brightness. Therefore, we conducted the subjective experiment of oil paintings in which luminance ratio was set as an experimental variable and examined the evaluation structure of paintings with low reflectance. As a result, it was found that the evaluation of black details affects the preference for the visibility of paintings with low reflectance. However, the path diagram of the evaluation structure applied to each painting was different, indicating that it is difficult to represent the characteristics of a painting only by the mean reflectance.
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW STANDARDS FOR MUSEUM LIGHTING
Authors: Bartseva A.A. , Shakhparunyants A.G. , Chernyak A.Sh. , Stolyarevskaya R.I. , Rozovskiy E.I.
Published: December 2021

The new standards for museum lighting development was based on data collection by means of questionnaires, processing and analysis of subjective assessments of art historians, museum workers, research results of restorers and expert visitors, along with objective, physical measurements of photometric parameters of lighting installations in selected exhibition halls of the most famous museums in Russia.
Based on the studies performed, national standards of both permanent and preliminary nature were prepared and introduced in 2020 by institute VNISI named after S.I. Vavilov.
ISSUES AND COUNTERPLAN OF EVACATION CENTER AT NIGHT - CASE STUDY OF NORTHEN GYMNASIUM IN SUZAKA CITY AFFECTED BY TYPHOON HAGIBIS IN 2019 -
Authors: Yamaguchi H. , Akizuki Y. , Shimojima Y. , Wakabayashi N. , Oe Y. , Yoshizawa N.
Published: December 2021

The living environment at the evacuation center is very important for ensuring the health, safety and security of the evacuees, but at present, preparations for providing a satisfactory living environment are not enough. In order to improve that, we have to consider various conditions, such as "ensure the lighting environment for the safe and secure and sleep," "toilet ensure," "ensure the thermal environment". In this study, we investigated the actual condition of glare in the nighttime lighting environment of evacuation center and examined the improvement method. Regarding the glare improvement method, the effectiveness of indirect lighting was shown based on the results of brightness distribution simulation with Radiance.
TOWARDS AN IMPROVED V-VLC OPTICAL CHANNEL MODELLING
Authors: Dotreppe Guillaume Mario , Coosemans Jan , Jacobs Valéry Ann
Published: December 2021

Visible Light Communication (VLC) requires better optical channel modelling if it is to be used in vehicular applications. Therefore, the radiation transfer between the transmitter and emitter shall be well defined in all circumstances. An important aspect herein is the determination of the Limiting Photometric Distance (LPD), which characterises the transition between near-field and far-field description of the light source. The LPD allows to determine whether simplified equations can be used in the V-VLC channel model. A first step towards this goal is the analysis of a simple, narrow beam, disk-source with uniform luminance. On-axis, analytical solutions exist. Off-axis, however, no closed loop solutions exist. Therefore, a numerical approach is used, which is validated against on-axis measurements and then expanded to off-axis scenarios. This allows to compute the on- and off-axis LPD of the light source, an important step towards a more accurate description of complex systems for VLC.
THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN LIGHT LEVEL ON THE NUMBERS OF CYCLISTS
Authors: Uttley J. , Fotios S. , Robbins C.J. , Moscoso C.
Published: December 2021

Cycling has a range of benefits and should be encouraged, but darkness may put people off from cycling due to reductions in visibility, road safety and personal security. We summarise analyses of observational data to confirm the negative impact darkness has on cycling rates. Using a Case / Control method that accounts for confounding factors such as time of day and seasonal variations in weather, we demonstrate a consistent effect of darkness across different locations and countries. The size of this effect varies though, suggesting certain unknown factors may be important in mediating the impact of darkness on cycling rates. One factor that is known to mediate the effect is road lighting. We show that increased illuminance can offset the reductions in cyclists caused by darkness and also that there may be an optimal illuminance after which no further benefits may be achieved.
LIGHT EXPOSURE OF WORKERS IN DIFFERENT OCCUPATIONS
Authors: Udovicic L. , Varga C.
Published: December 2021

Twenty-four hours light exposure of employees in three different occupations was assessed for a working week during both summer and winter. Occupations being exposed to light at night and those exposed to low daytime light levels were represented by night shift working geriatric nurses and daytime working hotel staff, respectively. Their light exposure was compared to the light exposure of outdoor workers represented by refuse collectors. In winter, luminous exposure of night shift working geriatric nurses and daytime working hotel staff amounts to only 2 % and 12 % of the luminous exposure of outdoor workers, respectively. In summer, the respective values are 6 % and 21 %. This could lead to a desynchronization of circadian physiological processes in the human body.
ASSESSMENT OF ROAD LIGHTING PERFORMANCE FOR TRAFFIC INTENSITY AND TRAFFIC DETECTION BASED LIGHTING ADAPTATION
Authors: Gasparovsky D. , Janiga P.
Published: December 2021

Amongst many road lighting design criteria, energy performance plays an important role as it has a direct link to operational costs, potential reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, mitigation of obtrusive light, and its impact on the night-time environment in urban and con-urban settlements. The energy energy performance of road lighting is conveniently described by the pair of normative numerical indicators PDI and AECI established in European standards. This paper aims to present typical values of the AECI (Annual Energy Consumption Indicator) for different combinations of road arrangements, road widths, lighting classes and light source technologies to illustrate what benchmarks can be expected using this assessment system. Essential part of this paper is focusing on assessment of the performance for traffic intensity and traffic detection based lighting adaptation.
GENERAL V(λ) MISMATCH INDEX - HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, NEW IDEAS
Authors: Krüger U. , Ferrero A. , Thorseth A. , Mantela V. , Sperling A.
Published: December 2021

The general V(λ) mismatch index, f_1^' quantifies the mismatch between the spectral responsivity of a photometer, s(λ), and the spectral luminous efficiency function, V(λ). A short review of its historical development is given to explain the reasons for the current definition and which adjustments may be useful for the future. The properties of the current definition are described in detail.
It is very likely that in the future, calibration of photometers will be done with a white LED light source as reference. It might involve the need for a more adequate definition of the general V(λ) mismatch index, either by using a different normalization in f_1^' for the spectral responsivity of the photometer or by introducing a different type of function for assessing the mismatch. On the other hand, the measurement of coloured LEDs is also becoming increasingly important. Is a single quality index for white and coloured light sources sufficient?
Pengaruh Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Dan Integritas Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada RSUD SMC Tasikmalaya
Authors: Juniar Prayoga Cepi , Sri Mulyani Fithri , Mulyati Susi
Published: December 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of accounting information systems and integrity on employee performance at SMC Tasikmalaya Hospital. The populations in this study were employees of the SMC Tasikmalaya Hospital as many as 491 people. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling. The data used is primary data obtained directly from respondents using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regressions. The results of this study indicate that the accounting information system partially affects employee performance. Integrity partially affects employee performance. Meanwhile, simultaneously accounting information system and integrity affect employee performance.
Penentuan Harga Jual Kerupuk Bawang Berdasarkan Pengadopsian Metode BOW dan Analisa Lapangan
Authors: CNAWP Rizal Perlambang , Abdurahman Alwan
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis dan menguji penentuan koefisien harga satuan upah, bahan dan alat berdasarkan pengadopsian metode BOW (Burgerlijke Openbare Werken). Penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk mengembangkan pengadopsian metode dalam perhitungan koefisien harga satuan dalam proses produksi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan kontribusi penting koefisien dasar sebagai acuan atau standart perhitungan dalam manajemen produksi, serta kesesuaian produksi yang berada di lapangan. Perolehan harga pokok produksi dan harga jual yang didapat itu lebih terperinci dan akurat atas standart produksi yang telah diperoleh dalam penentuan koefisien harga satuan.
Preliminary Evaluation of Quality and Rank of Banik Coal, Zakho, Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Sherwani Govand
Published: December 2021

This study aims to evaluate the rank (or grade) and economic value of so–called coal horizons outcropping in the vicinity of Banik and Shiranish-Islam villages of Zakho District, Duhok Governorate. These coal-like beds (locally known as Banik Coal) make up few meters within the upper part of the Jurassic Naokelekan Formation. The evaluation was mainly based on standard chemical tests of coal (proximate and ultimate analyses) achieved in foreign and local laboratories. The test results were assessed according to the standard coal tests introduced by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

The latest stratigraphic studies revealed that the presumable coal horizons were thin beds of limestone and dolomitic limestone alternated with frequent shales all impregnated with bituminous materials, mostly of hydrocarbon source. The bituminous beds were traced in both upper and lower parts of Naokelekan Formation.

The standard proximate coal analysis has shown low percent of fixed carbon and high percent of volatiles and ash which support the hydrocarbon source of these bituminous beds. Consequently, it would be difficult to classify these bituminous beds similarly to the standard coal ranks of ASTM. The high values of mineral matter display the dominance of minerals rather than the carbon in the local samples. However, the Gross Calorific Value (heating value) of these beds would imply that they can be used as relatively poor quality source of fuel. Besides, the exploitation of Banik coals would be influenced by the cost of extraction (or mining), the expected prices of produced coal, and the prices of alternative sources of energy.
The Adoption of Blue Ocean Strategy to Sustain Competitive Advantage in the Syrian Food Industry
Authors: Massoudi Aram , Ahmed Mohamed
Published: December 2021

This study aims to detect the extent of adoption of the Blue Ocean Strategy in the Syrian ‎food industry companies and its role in improving its competitive advantage. Syrian ‎Companies need to shape their blue ocean strategy in accordance with consumer value, ‎price, cost, and adoption. This permits them to construct a feasible business model and ‎ensure that profits from the blue ocean is created. The study used descriptive-analytical ‎approach. The data were composed of a questionnaire distributed to 293 personnel ‎working in 85 Syrian food companies. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 22) were ‎applied to analyze the data. The result showed there are a substantial interest by Syrian ‎food companies to adopt Blue Ocean strategy indicators in its operations. Also, there was ‎a significant relationship between the adoption of Blue Ocean Strategy and the ‎improvement of sustainable competitive advantage for the investigated companies. The ‎researchers suggested that Syrian companies should emphasize on the importance of the ‎innovation indicator and its role in producing new brands and creating markets free of ‎competition which sequentially contributes to increase in the company's market share. The ‎study achieves a qualitative benefit for both researchers and academics about the concept ‎of BOS because it is the first study that introduces the BOS and its impact on sustainable ‎competitive advantage in Syrian‎.
Ayad Akhtar’s American Dervish: Analysis and Revaluation
Authors: Hasan Mariwan , Noori Latef
Published: December 2021

Apparently the best and yet the most famous work by Ayad Akhtar is American Dervish which was published in 2012. It has gained quick attention, but not by many, as a debut novel about the identity issue. Yet, no studies have been devoted to studying the novel from an analytical point of view of Pakistani-American migrants’ issues in America, in general. However, the novel has received some attention, there remain some aspects, in our view, and an essential aspect amongst them is the analytical study of the novel, which is not explored yet. In general migrants to new countries will usually face difficulty and especially if they are followers of a different religion. Also, the difference in their culture with culture of the country they migrate to will be an obstacle in integrating themselves into the new culture as seen in the character of Hayat Shah’s father; whereas to some extent different for Hayat himself. Hayat befriends a Jewish girl and neglects Islam and similarly his father becomes friend with a Jewish teacher, Nathan. It is not easy for the migrant people to integrate into the American culture and tolerate the other religious beliefs such as Judaism as it is quite a novel experience for them. The migrants obligingly ignore their surrender to their own Islamic religion and assimilate into the Judaism and American culture, which is very difficult. These are the two key aspects that the paper focuses on by analyzing and highlighting the challenges that Hayat Shah and his family members face in America. Akhtar demonstrates the difficulty for the migrant characters between either choosing Islam or Judaism or secularism to be able to live like Americans.
RETIRADA DE CORPO ESTRANHO (DISPOSITIVO IMPREGNADO COM PROGESTERONA) DA CAVIDADE ABDOMINAL DE NOVILHA DA RAÇA JERSEY – RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Canto Souza Ana Clara , Müller Lopes Ana Luíza , Inocêncio da Silva Khauê Gustavo , De Lima Wrobel Felipe , Argenton de Barros Bruno , Morotti Fábio , Marcondes Seneda Marcelo , Bonato Denis Vinicius
Published: December 2021

A inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) é uma biotécnica com inúmeras vantagens para a produção de bovinos. Para a realização da IATF as fêmeas bovinas devem receber um protocolo farmacológico que induz a ovulação de forma sincronizada. Este protocolo inicia com a inserção de um dispositivo impregnado com progesterona que deve permanecer no fundo vaginal da fêmea por tempo determinado. O presente relato tem por objetivo descrever a remoção de um implante impregnado com progesterona que foi encontrado na cavidade abdominal de uma novilha. Durante um atendimento reprodutivo de rotina em uma propriedade rural, uma novilha da raça Jersey, recém adquirida, com histórico de ter sido submetida à IATF, foi avaliada para diagnóstico de gestação. No exame a novilha não estava gestante e com um cisto folicular ovariano. A novilha foi submetida novamente à IATF em que foi inserido e removido um implante, com isso o cisto regrediu e ao inseminar a novilha não foi possível passar a cérvix com o aplicador. Vinte dias após a inseminação a novilha manifestou estro e ao ser avaliada para nova inseminação, foi identificado um implante solto na cavidade abdominal da novilha. Foi realizada uma laparotomia pelo flanco esquerdo e o implante foi removido. Após a recuperação da cirurgia a novilha foi inseminada e novamente e ficou gestante. Os protocolos de IATF devem ser realizados por profissionais capacitados para evitar problemas como a presente situação em que um implante foi encontrado na cavidade abdominal de uma novilha.
CONFORTO TÉRMICO DE VACAS LEITEIRAS NA AMAZÔNIA - REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Souza Jamires Silva de , Castro Maria Luiza Costa , Santos Marcio Gregório Rojas dos , Araújo Maria Das Dores Silva , Santos Jomel Francisco dos
Published: December 2021

O estresse térmico é um dos principais problemas relacionados ao decréscimo do bem-estar animal em vacas leiteiras. Entre as regiões do Brasil, a Amazônia se destaca em suas características climáticas como os altos índices de temperatura e umidade atmosférica oriundos de uma região de clima equatorial. Neste cenário, o estresse térmico é um dos fatores que prejudicam a criação, a produtividade, os parâmetros fisiológicos e o comportamento dos animais. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo de revisão visa contextualizar as características regionais com a produção leiteira na Amazônia, destacando o estresse térmico, seus efeitos e as estratégias de conforto térmico. Dessa forma, o emprego de medidas como o melhoramento genético, adoção de sistemas de produção silvipastoris e implantação de tecnologias são maneiras eficazes de melhoria das condições climáticas para os animais. No entanto, salienta-se a importância da realização de estudos específicos para determinação dos parâmetros de conforto térmico das vacas leiteiras na Amazônia.
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty: NGS Metagenomics-Optimized Tissue Preparation and Surgical Technique. Doctoral Thesis
Authors:   ,   Rīga Stradiņš University, Borroni Davide
Published: December 2021

Title: Next-generation sequencing for the detection of microorganisms present in human donor corneal preservation medium. Aim: To detect the presence of microorganisms in the storage media of human donor corneas using next-generation sequencing method. Methods: Seven samples from organ culture (OC) group (Cornea Max, Eurobio, Les Ulis, France) with one control (sterile media without any cornea) and seven samples from hypothermic storage group (Cornea Cold, Eurobio) with one control were used for this study. The corneas were placed in the respective storage media for 14 days before collecting the samples. Storage media (2 mL) from each sample were collected in RNAase-free tubes and shipped for ribosomal RNA sequencing of 16S and 18S. Simultaneously, another 1 mL of media sample was used for conventional diagnostic method (CDM) using Bactec instruments. Results: In both, OC and hypothermic storage and control samples, the most abundant genera were Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Stenotrophomonas, Alcanivorax, Brevundimonas and Nitrobacter. Acidovorax, Acetobacter and Hydrogenophilus were detected mostly in the hypothermic storage group. The most abundant fungal pathogen detected belonged to the genus Malassezia, which was found in both the storage conditions. CDM was negative for microorganisms in all the samples. Conclusion: Metagenomics provides full taxonomic profiling of the detected genomic material of the organisms and thus has the potential to deliver a much wider microbiological diagnostic approach than CDM. The costs and turnaround time need to be reduced, and; the detection of viable organisms would help this technology to be introduced into routine clinical practice.
Search of the new SSR-loci of DNA for development of effective technology for soybean genotyping
Authors:   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), Ramazanova S.A. , Savichenko V.G. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), Ustarkhanova E.G. ,   Armavirskaya experimental station – a branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Loginova E.D. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), Ramazanov R.N. ,   Kuban State University, Guchetl A.Kh. ,   Kuban State University
Published: December 2021

Soybean is the major protein-oil crop of a huge economic importance. Currently, to describe the new cultivars being applied for a patent there are used the modern methods based on an analysis of microsatellite (SSR) loci of DNA. The purposes of this work were a search of the new microsatellite markers to optimize the existing technology of soybean cultivars certification and identification as well as selection of conditions for PCR analysis and to test them on cultivars from the VIR’s collection. Seven microsatellite loci demonstrated the high polymorphism level on soybean cultivars and located in the different chromosomes were chosen in the literary sources and librarian data bases. The optimal temperatures for annealing were selected empirically for all the pairs of SSR-markers. The results of DNA amplification of 20 soybean genotypes showed all seven studied SSR-loci were polyallel. In general, we revealed 22 alleles that on average are 3.1 per a locus. The effective number of alleles Ne for the studied soybean genotypes varied from 1.69 to 2.27 and on average was equal to 2.01. An average meaning of an index of the polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.50. All the investigated soybean samples have the unique sets of alleles by the studied loci. Seven approbated loci can be used in development of an effective technology for identification and certification of the soybean genotypes.
Influence of seed sowing rates on height, development and yield of the Russian varieties of oil-type sunflower in the Tashkent region of the Uzbekistan Republic
Authors:   Tashkent State Agrarian University, Yuldasheva Z.K. , Bushnev A.S. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), Ergasheva N.Kh. ,   Tashkent State Agrarian University
Published: December 2021

To obtain high yields of good quality of sunflower seeds, it is necessary to strictly observe scientifically justified cultivation technology, which combines techniques accounting both the biological features of the crop and the natural and climatic conditions of the region. But the role of varietal agricultural technology is also great, which takes into account the properties of a new variety and ensures the fullest realization of its productivity potential under these conditions. Research and development data are very important when introducing crops or varieties into new regions. In this regard, it became necessary to study and scientifically substantiate the optimal seed sowing rates of Russian sunflower varieties in irrigated conditions of the Uzbekistan Republic. The effect of seed sowing rates on the growth, development and yield of Russian oil sunflower varieties was studied in 2020– 2021 at the experimental station of the Tashkent State Agrarian University of Uzbekistan. The objects of the research were promising varieties Irtysh, Skormas (Russia) and the local variety Dilbar (Uzbekistan), which were cultivated at different seed sowing rates, providing a plant population of 40, 50, 60 and 70 thousand plants per ha. As a result of the studies, we found out, according to the complex of economically valuable traits, the best varieties of oil sunflower in the conditions of the Tashkent region are the middle maturing variety Dilbar of the local selection and the ultra-early maturing variety Skormas of the Russian selection, they formed the highest yield in the main crops on irrigation with a seed sowing rate of 50 thousand plant per ha – 4.35 and 4.09 t per ha, respectively. The Russian variety Irtysh is ultra-early maturing, the growing season is 86–88 days, it is less productive and can be considered as promising for repeated crops.
New mathematical model of sunflower productivity depending on area plant nutrition
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Griguletskiy V.G.
Published: December 2021

The article provides a brief analysis of the results of plot and field experiments to study the productivity (yield) of sunflower, depending on the area of plant nutrition, performed at VNIIMK. Based on the analysis of the experimental dependencies that determine the change in yield, the following statement is applied: yield (y) and its increase rise with an increase in the amount of growth factor (x) and are proportional to the amount of yield (A - y) that does not reach the maximum the limiting value (A), and the possible yield value (B + y), is higher than a certain minimum (initial) value (B) of the yield. The analytic formulas for the quantitative determination of yield value (у), maximum limiting yield (A), amount of nutrients in soil, a rate of action of growth factors, etc. are present for the first time. These formulas allow studying many problems of soil management in certain hydro-temperature conditions and landscape. The samples of accounts due to the new methodology which showed good correspondence between test and theme data are presented.
METAMORFOSES DA GLOBALIZAÇÃO E A REESTRUTURAÇÃO PRODUTIVA DA MANUFATURA AVANÇADA
Authors: Crocco Fábio Luiz Tezini
Published: December 2021

A Reestruturação Produtiva da Manufatura Avançada (RPMA) é consequência da ampla reestruturação política e econômica sofrida pelo capitalismo a partir do modelo de acumulação flexível, hegemônico nas últimas décadas do século XX. As metamorfoses da globalização evidenciaram a expansão do capital sob a égide financeira, a monopolização empresarial, a acumulação e a concentração de capitais, que resultaram em crises econômicas e no acirramento concorrencial entre nações, empresas e trabalhadores. Desse modo, na segunda década do século XXI, intensificaram-se, em diversos países, estratégias públicas e privadas de inovação tecnocientífica e organizacional para o desenvolvimento de um novo estágio das forças produtivas. Em vista disso, este artigo propõe análises e reflexões sobre as metamorfoses da globalização e sobre a RPMA, enquanto estratégia político-econômica global planejada na recomposição das taxas de lucro a partir da adoção de novas técnicas de manufatura e de gestão. 
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF HYBRID POLYURETHANE INORGANIC THERMAL INSULATION WHEN HEATING IN AIR AND IN AN INERT ATMOSPHERE
Authors:   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, A. Kobelev , Yu. Naganovsky ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of EMERCOM of Russia, E. Kruglov ,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, R. Aseeva ,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2021

Purpose. The article presents the results of a study of physicochemical processes occurring when a hybrid polyurethane inorganic thermal insulation is heated under dynamic conditions up to 800 °C in different atmospheric environments. The object of the study was an industrial sample of thermal insulation “FoamTech 1 550” made in South Korea. Methods. In the course of the work thermo-gravimetric analysis and IR-Fourier spectrometry were used. Samples for spectrometric analysis were prepared in the process of thermogravimetric tests by suspending the experiment. Findings. As the result of the combined studying hybrid thermal insulation material by thermogravimetry and IR-Fourier spectrometry methods, the following was established: – polyisocyanate used for obtaining the material is aliphatic in nature; – the hybrid thermal insulation sample contains about 40 % inorganics, presumably aerogel silica; – there are three main stages of hybrid thermal insulation decomposition, both in air and in an inert atmosphere; – analysis of the changes in IR spectra when heating the hybrid sample showed that at the first stage of decomposition, regardless of the atmospheric environment, the condensation reaction of silanol groups of silica aerogel takes place with the water release; – at the second stage, thickening of the inorganic framework continues, chemical polyurethane bonds with the inorganic are destroyed, and polyurethane component carbonization begins. Research application field. The results give the idea of material decomposition process in a fire. Differences in behavior in oxidizing and inert environments are shown. This is important for comparing a new group of materials with the already known types of polymer thermal insulation in terms of their fire hazard and possible application in building construction. Conclusions. The paper studies the chemical structure and physicochemical changes when heating the new group of materials, namely hybrid organic-inorganic thermal insulation materials. The article is a continuation of a team of authors’ systematic study of a thermal behavior of modern types of polymer thermal insulation.
MODELING WORK ORGANIZATION ON EQUIPPING FIELD WATER SUPPLY POINT
Authors:   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, V. Sednev
Published: December 2021

Purpose. The increase in number and scales of emergencies consequences, the complexity of the tasks for the solution of which rescue units must be ready requires predicting the results of planned actions and applying mathematical modeling methods to substantiate decisions. The use of mathematical models should help reveal the patterns of rescue units actions on improving the principles of their application, methods of fulfilling their support tasks. Analytical models make it possible to establish formula dependence between the conditions of the situation, the elements of the decision to be made and the effectiveness of the task performance according to the selected criterion. Statistical methods make it possible to more fully take into account the probabilistic nature of the simulated processes and they are most effective in cases when the analytical description of the simulated process presents great difficulties, or it is practically impossible due to significant uncertainty of the initial information. The best results can be obtained with the combined use of analytical and statistical models: the analytical model allows approximately figuring out the basic laws of the phenomenon, outlining its contours, and any further clarification can be obtained by statistical modeling. Therefore, the article discusses the use of the statistical test method for organizing implementation of first priority engineering tasks performed by rescue units. Methods. To obtain the results general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge including analysis, synthesis, generalization were used; they were based on the provisions of systems theory, operations research, information theory and the method of statistical tests. Findings. A scientific and methodological approach is developed to improve the effectiveness of emergency rescue units use in the emergency area on the example of their equipping a field water supply point. Research application field. The results are applicable to substantiate a set of means for performing tasks and operations by rescue teams. Conclusions. The developed scientific and methodological approach makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of organizing the tasks performance in the emergency area by emergency rescue teams in general, and, in particular, equipping the field water supply point, and it also serves as a basis for improving the work of management bodies at all levels.