bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADVANTAGES OF NETWORKS – LOCAL SOCIAL-PROFESSIONAL REINTEGRATION NETWORK
Authors: Zalewski Dariusz
Published: September 2020

Main issue of the article are local cooperation networks between institutions, which work on reintegration people, who are at risk of social marginalization. The author is interested in answer for efficient idea to create local, socialprofessional reintegration networks and can subjects of social employment (Centers and Clubs of Social Integration) play the role of local institutional leaders, around which these support networks are creating. Basically conclusion is that Centers and Clubs of Social Integration can play the role of leaders, who creates networks, but process of their establishment and working depends on many characteristic elements for local communities – favor of local power, subject’s social employment potential and relationship with other subjects of local social policy.
Advances in Selective Oxidation of Methane
Authors: Alshihri Saeed , Almegren Hamid
Published: September 2020

Selective oxidation of methane is one of the most challenging reactions in catalysis. Methane is a very stable molecule and requires high energy to be activated. Different approaches of single step methane conversion have been suggested to overcome this challenge. However, the current commercial process of methane conversion to methanol is via the indirect way, in which methane is first converted to synthesis gas in highly intensive energy step, and synthesis gas is then converted into methanol. The first step is responsible for 60% of the capital cost of the plant. There are enormous researches that have been conducted in a direct way and some good results have been achieved. This chapter will summarize the recent advances in the direct selective oxidation of methane to methanol.
Spivakian Concepts of Essentialism and Imperialism in Gabriel Garcia's “The Autumn of the Patriarch”
Authors: Motamedi Mohammad , Rezaei Talarposhti Abdolbaqi , Pourqarib Behzad
Published: September 2020

In 1980, an Indian critic, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak announced strategic essentialism as a major concept in postcolonial theory. It is a special form of essentialism which involves greater scopes of post-colonial studies such as subaltern, otherness, and strategic essentialism; this term can become meaningful in an imperialistic context where oppression and suppressions are as part of thecountry. With the increase of colonialism in nineteenth century and its consequences in twentieth century, which was almost the end of this era, many writers try to demonstrate it through literature. The mentioned concepts are traceable in countries which were experiencing the imperialism; then strategic essentialism helps the margins of society to find their true identity and by using it, they can survive. This paper is an attempt to represent essentialism and imperialism in Gabriel Garcia’s The Autumn of the Patriarch. The findings of this paper may affect those countries which are still under the pressure of colonialism. The major conclusion is that if inferiors of the society unite with each other, find their true identity and stand against oppressions, then they can get rid of the oppressions.
A Flare of Lupus Nephritis in an 11-Year-Old SLE Patient with a Mild COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Mousavi-Hasanzadeh Morteza , Sanatkar Seyed Amir , Kahbazi Manijeh , Yousefichaijan Parsa , Najmi Amirreza , Ghandi Yazdan
Published: September 2020

: Children with immunological diseases like SLE are vulnerable to any type of infection, and their management is considered an important issue in the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we describe an 11-year-old female, previously known to have lupus nephritis, complaining of tachypnea, persistent fever, low oxygen saturation (SaO2), and generalized edema with confirmed COVID-19 using sputum PCR testing on the first day of admission.
Sustainable economic development through green innovative banking and financing
Authors: Stojanović Dragica
Published: September 2020

The essence of the paper is a new concept of finance, which is synchronized with the environmental processes of the planet development - green finance. Green finance is positioned between the financial industry, sustainable economic development, and environmental protection. Banks can play a relevant role in promoting environmental sustainability by financing environmentally and socially responsible projects. To fulfill this role, the banking sector in certain countries has adopted the concept of Green Banking which promotes environmentally responsible financing and sustainable internal processes. The paper aims to study the role of banks in sustainable economic development through green banking activities. Building on the theoretical concept of green finance and green banking activities, it is ultimately suggested that developing green banking products are is a proactive idea that might enable eco-friendly business practices for present and future generations.
WAR LESSONS OR HOW SOCIAL AND PERSONAL BACK-GROUND SHAPES OUR PERCEPTION
Authors: Kalinin Oleg , Yu. Gruzdev Dmitry
Published: September 2020

It is well-known that cognitive metaphor can reflect the process of conceptualization of the surrounding world in the human mind. The metaphorical transfer of the source domain’s conceptual features to the target domain shows the essence of the reality perception in the consciousness. This study is focused on the intracultural variation of cognitive metaphors, particularly the phenomenon of the implicit-explicit dispersion in metaphors, dependence of their perception on the occupation, gender, and age of members of a culture, and type of metaphors. Based on conceptual metaphors, associated with the target domain WAR in the Russian culture, the researchers elaborate a novel approach to the analysis of conceptual metaphors, providing full-fledged scrutiny of the reflection of the surrounding realm in the minds of native speakers. The study involved 124 people, some of whom have direct professional experience in the military sphere. The obtained differences in the perception of simulated metaphorical models allow us to talk about intracultural variation of the WAR cognitive metaphor and the significant influence of personal experience on the perception of reality.
Problems to Ponder
Authors: Ingrassia, Steve , Rawding Molly
Published: September 2020

Problems to Ponder provides 28 varied, classroom-ready mathematics problems that collectively span PK–12, arranged in order of grade level. Answers to the problems are available online. Individuals are encouraged to submit a problem or a collection of problems directly to mtlt@nctm.org. If published, authors of problems will be acknowledged.
La evolución estratégica de la televisión en el diseño de las campañas electorales (2003-2019) en Euskadi
Authors: González-Abrisketa Marian , Iturbe Tolosa Andoni , Terradillos Julen Orbegozo
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo de investigación analiza el papel que otorgan a la televisión los equipos de comunicación encargados de diseñar una campaña electoral en Euskadi. La metodología consiste en el estudio de caso, tomando como punto de partida las investigaciones realizadas sobre la campaña de las elecciones municipales y forales celebradas en Euskadi en 2003 y el análisis del contexto actual mediante encuestas y entrevistas en profundidad a las personas encargadas de diseñar las campañas electorales. En el 2003 –fecha tomada como referencia de partida para el cotejo de continuidades y cambios comunicativos–, los dos grandes partidos estatales llevaban por primera vez sus cámaras a los mítines para enviar su propia señal gratuita a los canales de televisión, estrategia que adoptaron el resto de partidos en las siguientes consultas. En 2003 se detectaron tres tendencias generales en el uso de la televisión por parte de los partidos en los procesos electorales: la potencialidad de controlar la imagen y el discurso político proyectado, su importante rol para la personalización de las personas candidatas y la determinante influencia de la televisión como medio de comunicación prioritario en el diseño de la campaña. Tras los resultados obtenidos, concluimos que el papel de la televisión sigue siendo prioritario y fundamental en el diseño de las campañas electorales durante el periodo 2003-2019 en Euskadi.
Publicidad y aumento de las ventas. Estudio inductivo sobre campañas vendedoras
Authors: León Sáez de Ybarra José Luis
Published: September 2020

La primacía de metodologías cognitivistas, equívocos estudios econométricos y algunas falacias en la valoración comercial de la publicidad, han diluido conceptualmente las ventas, dando preferencia a otros outputs y han contribuido a descuidar la necesidad de aislar y teorizar procedimientos publicitarios capaces de aumentar las ventas.Para superar la deficiencia, se ha utilizado ad experimentum la llamada Teoría fundamentada, paradigma cualitativo-inductivo de reciente applicación en marketing, para establecer patrones generalizables desde los yacimientos de casos, tanto para clasificar como para generar hipótesis predictivas, que sean de valor para la praxis publicitaria. Los incidentes críticos se han revelado a partir de un cuestionario de contenidos a una selección semialeatoria sobre 1.104 campañas premiadas por su eficacia vendedora, a partir de 12 certámenes bianuales IPA (1992-2016) y Efi (2015-2017), con 30 casos examinados una vez alcanzada productividad por saturación. Las conclusiones principales son: 1) la elasticidad publicidad-ventas llega hasta un 3000% superior a la obtenida en metaestudios econométricos; 2) debe distinguirse entre campañas de mantenimiento y de aumento en las ventas; 3) la eficacia debe ser pre-verificada no sobre todo con simples métricas de pretest, sino desde un modelo de prevision de eficacia que incluya al menos los siguientes patrones de contenido capaces de aumentar las ventas: a) Segmentación granular. b) Rejuvenecimiento de marca. c) Serialización de mensajes. d) Dominar territorio cultural. e) Presentación de la marca como reductora de tensiones psicosociales. f) Publicidad experiencial, impulsora o eco de experiencias táctiles y vicarias. g) Mensaje incidente en el modo de consumo.
La adaptación de los medios de comunicación al siglo XXI
Authors: Pereira José
Published: September 2020

Artículo de la sección de Tribuna.
Forms over fields and Witt's lemma
Authors: Sprehn David , Wahl Nathalie
Published: September 2020

We give an overview of the general framework of forms of Bak, Tits and Wall, when restricting to vector spaces over fields, and describe its relationship to the classical notions of Hermitian, alternating and quadratic forms. We then prove a version of Witt's lemma in this context, showing in particular that the action of the group of isometries of a space equipped with a form is transitive on isometric subspaces.
Micro and macro sociological causes of violent atrocities
Authors: Collins Randall
Published: September 2020

One form of cruelty arises from ritually bounded social groups, where altruistic morality does not extend beyond the boundaries of one’s own enclave, and deliberate public cruelty to enemies is a ritual of group solidarity. Ritualized public displays of cruelty upon helpless victims are most strongly institutionalized in societies which combine hierarchic stratification with strongly ritualized group membership. Cruelty returns in its second form, bureaucratic callousness, through the impersonal structure of modern warfare and the exercise of organizational power.
Multiple Wnts act synergistically to induce Chk1/Grapes expression and mediate G2 arrest in Drosophila tracheoblasts
Authors: Kizhedathu Amrutha , Kunnappallil Rose Sebastian , Bagul Archit V , Verma Puja , Guha Arjun
Published: September 2020

Larval tracheae of Drosophila harbour progenitors of the adult tracheal system (tracheoblasts). Thoracic tracheoblasts are arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle in an ATR (mei-41)-Checkpoint Kinase1 (grapes, Chk1) dependent manner prior to mitotic re-entry. Here we investigate developmental regulation of Chk1 activation. We report that Wnt signaling is high in tracheoblasts and this is necessary for high levels of activated (phosphorylated) Chk1. We find that canonical Wnt signaling facilitates this by transcriptional upregulation of Chk1 expression in cells that have ATR kinase activity. Wnt signaling is dependent on four Wnts (Wg, Wnt5, 6,10) that are expressed at high levels in arrested tracheoblasts and are downregulated at mitotic re-entry. Interestingly, none of the Wnts are dispensable and act synergistically to induce Chk1. Finally, we show that downregulation of Wnt signaling and Chk1 expression leads to mitotic re-entry and the concomitant upregulation of Dpp signaling, driving tracheoblast proliferation.
Mesoscopic-scale functional networks in the primate amygdala
Authors: Morrow Jeremiah K , Cohen Michael X , Gothard Katalin M
Published: September 2020

The primate amygdala performs multiple functions that may be related to the anatomical heterogeneity of its nuclei. Individual neurons with stimulus- and task-specific responses are not clustered in any of the nuclei, suggesting that single-units may be too-fine grained to shed light on the mesoscale organization of the amygdala. We have extracted from local field potentials recorded simultaneously from multiple locations within the primate (Macaca mulatta) amygdala spatially defined and statistically separable responses to visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli. A generalized eigendecomposition-based method of source separation isolated coactivity patterns, or components, that in neurophysiological terms correspond to putative subnetworks. Some component spatial patterns mapped onto the anatomical organization of the amygdala, while other components reflected integration across nuclei. These components differentiated between visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli suggesting the presence of functionally distinct parallel subnetworks.
Structural analysis of the Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm type IV secretion system core complex
Authors: Durie Clarissa L , Sheedlo Michael J , Chung Jeong Min , Byrne Brenda G , Su Min , Knight Thomas , Swanson Michele , Lacy D Borden , Ohi Melanie D
Published: September 2020

Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen that causes the potentially fatal pneumonia Legionnaires’ Disease. This infection and subsequent pathology require the Dot/Icm Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) to deliver effector proteins into host cells. Compared to prototypical T4SSs, the Dot/Icm assembly is much larger, containing ~27 different components including a core complex reported to be composed of five proteins: DotC, DotD, DotF, DotG, and DotH. Using single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we report reconstructions of the core complex of the Dot/Icm T4SS that includes a symmetry mismatch between distinct structural features of the outer membrane cap (OMC) and periplasmic ring (PR). We present models of known core complex proteins, DotC, DotD, and DotH, and two structurally similar proteins within the core complex, DotK and Lpg0657. This analysis reveals the stoichiometry and contact interfaces between the key proteins of the Dot/Icm T4SS core complex and provides a framework for understanding a complex molecular machine.
Musculoskeletal Conditions in Patients With Diabetes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Shafer Dylan , Gooing Jake , Lee Vincent , Seffinger Michael A.
Published: September 2020

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multisystem disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The vascular and cardiac effects of DM have been well-studied, but little is known about the prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions in patients with DM. This review provides an in-depth analysis of a cross-sectional study investigating the presence of several common MSK disorders in patients with DM. This review also analyzes current literature to update health care professionals about the MSK conditions associated with DM.
A Study on the Enhancement of Fire Resistance Function in Primary Structure Department of Building Type Traditional Market
Authors: Jang Hye-Min , Hwang Jung-Ha
Published: September 2020

This study evaluates the safety of an asylum through a fire simulation of building Type traditional markets. We derive the building’s indoor temperature, use the observed variation in temperature gradient to calculate the temperature of the main structure, and finally compares the time required to attain the limit temperature of the structure its time of escape. To ensure improved security of the asylum, the government has proposed a fire-resistance improvement plan for the major structural parts of buildings are not safe with thickness of 0.01 m and 0.035 m. F.ire-resistance reinforcement for small - and medium-sized vehicles is more than 0.025 m, in thickness; moreover safety can be ensured for medium and large-sized vehicles fire using fire resistant reinforcement of over 0.035 m. Accordingly, in order to ensure the safety of an asylum, fire-resistant reinforcement measures may be considered.
Analysis of Vertical Combustion and Carbonization Patterns of Floor Materials When Using a Needle Flame
Authors: Park Min-Su , Choi Chung-Seog
Published: September 2020

This study analyzed flame growth characteristics and carbonization patterns when floor materials were burned vertically using a needle flame produced for this study. It was found that PVC flooring was fire retardant and the area under direct flame contracted inward. Vertical combustion causes solidification in the form of a lump at the bottom and also generates soot in a pattern that progresses upwards. This study found that laminated flooring exhibited no fire retarding characteristics and that the laminated layer of its upper surface was destroyed by fire, causing irregular delamination. The carbonization ranges at the left and right sides were determined to be symmetrical. A vertical combustion test of a sample carpet showed that it exhibited no fire-retarding characteristics. It was observed that if heat accumulated in the carpet, the flame formed an ascending air current, and that when flammable materials were present around the flame, they further accelerated the diffusion of the flame. The carbonization pattern at the carpet surface exposed to direct flame revealed that the carpet surface had melted and had flown downwards and that many tiny holes formed on it.
Social Media and Risky Sexual Practices among Undergraduate Students in a Private University in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Nnebue Chinomnso C. , Duru Chukwuma B. , Uzoh Kelechukwu C. , Udozor Blessing E. , Salaudeen Sulyat T. , Okonkwo Precious C.
Published: September 2020

Background: Social networking has become integral to the intellectual, emotional and social lives of the young. The often-unrestricted access to sexually explicit content on the social media and associated adverse sexual health among this group, constitute key outcomes in public health research.

Aim: To determine social media use and the effect on sexual practices among undergraduate students in a private university in Southern Nigeria.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional survey among 300 undergraduate students of Madonna University Nigeria, Elele campus, was conducted between June and November, 2019. Respondents were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were obtained using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Data analysis employed statistical package for social sciences version 22.0. Chi-square test was used to determine statistically significant associations between variables at p values < 0.05.

Results:  Out of a sample size of 300, all were returned and analysed, giving a response rate of 100%, and a mean age of 21.85+ 2.63years. The awareness of social media was 97.9%, with commonest 237 (79%) from friends/peers. The reasons cited for its use include: 208 (72.7%) access to news, 182(63.6%) academics, while 173 (60.5%) accessed social media for sexually explicit content. The mean age at sexual debut was 17.44 + 2.63 years. There were associations between use of social media for sexually explicit content and [the sexually active (p=0.000); type of sexual acts practised (p=0.003) and number of sexual partnerships (p=0.000)] respectively.

Conclusion: This study found an association between use of social media for sexually explicit content and risky sexual practices. No association was found between ever had sexual act and gender. We recommend behaviour-change interventions that control social media use for sexually explicit content and not compromise access to sexual health education among them.
Fluid Flow Model with Mean Microtubule Pressure through Porous Media
Authors: Ngiangia A. T. , Nwabuzor P. O.
Published: September 2020

We discussed in this paper a fractional model arising in flow of three different incompatible fluids through a porous medium with mean microtubule pressure. The method adopted for obtaining the solution is the regular perturbation technique for the analytical solution and for the transformation of the boundary conditions. The results are in decent agreement with the findings of researched work reviewed in this paper.
Issues in Climate Smart Agriculture in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Okoro E. O. , Delunzu V. U. Okwu- , Ofordu C. S.
Published: September 2020

Farming is a prime livelihood activity of people of Southeast (SE) Nigeria. In the age of climate change, farmers have to cope with highly variable, short and unpredicted rainfall to sustain their enterprise. This study reviews the effects of climate change on agriculture production, identifies farmer's views on the impact of climate change on crop production in the southeast, reviews the adoption of CSA in Nigeria and identifies the importance of climate information service in agriculture in Southeast Nigeria. From the review, farmers within the SE are aware of climate change and they have adopted improved innovative strategies to adapt to the negative implication associated with climate change and variability but more awareness is needed in the area of climate information services (CIS) to assist them to cope better. Therefore, this study recommends the Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) approach to educate farmers more on how to manage their enterprise in the face of climate change and variability.
Physio-morphological Characteristics of Soil of Akure, Ondo State SW, Nigeria
Authors: Dada B. F. , Ewulo B. S. , Awodun M. A. , Adebisi T. D. , Ajayi S. O.
Published: September 2020

Soil physical properties influence soil water infiltration rate, plant rooting depth, amount of available water, air and nutrients which are of utmost importance in agricultural production and, hence there is need to describe in-situ spatial organization and physical properties of soil in Akure. Sixteen profile pits were dug. The soils were characterized and described on the field and samples collected for textural analysis. The area occurs on level plain with little slope gradient, the surface horizons (A1 and A­2) were weak medium crumby to moderate medium crumby structures while the subsurface horizons (Bt1 and Bt2­) showed moderate medium blocky structure. The soils are generally deep and well drained at the top soil with coarse texture; the subsoils are characterized by prominent presence of mottles, which suggest that the subsoils are poorly drained. The distribution of clay content increased with soil depth for all pedons. Most of the Pedons had reddish gray colour (2.5YR 4/1) and dull reddish brown 2.5YR 4/3 at the surface horizons (A1 and A2), over brownish colour (7.5YR 4/4) and dull reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sub soil. The particle size distribution revealed that sand dominated the particle size fraction of the soil in all the profiles, which could be managed with appropriate organic manure.
Laparoscopic Treatment of Hydatid Cyst of Liver: Outcome at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khatoon Shahida , Talpur Altaf , Shaikh Aijaz Ahmed , Rehman Mujeeb-ur-
Published: September 2020

Objective: To determine the outcome of laparoscopic treatment of hydatid cyst of liver at tertiary care Hospital.

Methodology: This cross sectional, study was conducted at public and private sector Hospitals of Jamshoro/Hyderabad from June 2017 to Sept 2019. It includes all diagnosed patients of Hydatid cyst of liver with either of gender and age range from 15 to 65 years who were operated laparoscopically. Patient’s demographic information, postoperative complications, operative time and hospital stay were recorded via self-made proforma and data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.

Results: Total 29 patients were admitted with hydatid disease of liver and out of them 21 patients underwent laparoscopic treatment during study period; their mean age was 46.7±13 years. Males were commonest 71.42% and 28.57% were female. Mean operative time was 98.3±18 minutes. According to postoperative pain, the average of visual analog score was 07.85±1.38 at 24 hours and 3.42±1.50 at 72 hours. VAS mean was 07.8 and 3.4 respectively. Cavity related infection was noticed in 3 cases; port site infection in two cases, bile leak in two and residual cyst was also found in two patients. Mean postoperative Hospital stay was 6.6 days.

Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery for hepatic hydatid disease can be conducted safely as it provides advantages of minimal invasive surgery. Careful selection of the patient is utmost important to achieve good results especially in initial phases.
Review on Clinical Diseases Caused by Klebsiella
Authors: Sathyavathy K. , Madhusudhan B. Kiran
Published: September 2020

Klebsiella are one among the group of gram negative rod shaped bacilli of family Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiella are normal inhabitants of the intestinal tract of humans, animals, and environment. Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae a most common gram negative lactose fermenting non motile, aerobic rod shaped bacilli, is second most common next to E. coli. They are facultative anaerobic bacterial vegetation of digestive tract of man and normal medical clinic procured pathogen, causing urinary tract contamination, nosocomial pneumonia and intra-stomach disease. Disease brought about by multidrug safe gram negative bacilli that produce broadened range beta-lactamase (ESBL) proteins have been accounted for with expanding recurrence in escalated care units related with noteworthy grimness and mortality.
Freireanas categories in nursing undergraduate education: integrative literature Review
Authors: Nemer Camila Rodrigues Barbosa , Silva Marlucilena Pinheiro da , Santos Ingrid Souza Reis , Ferreira Larissa Duarte , Flexa Raissa dos Santos , Teixeira Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: identificar as principais publicações relacionadas às categorias Freireanas no ensino de graduação em enfermagem. Método: revisão Integrativa de literatura a partir da busca nas bases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica, Base de Dados de Enfermagem. Obteve-se 482 estudos, destes apenas 13 atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: as categorias emergentes foram: diálogo e autonomia; tomada de consciência com vistas a formação de sujeitos críticos, reflexivos e participantes; metodologia da problematização para uma educação humanizante e um cuidar humanizado. Conclusão: conclui-se que a incorporação das categorias Freireanas no ensino de enfermagem é fundamental para um ensino com travessias dialógicas. Tal incorporação tece uma educação humanizante, caminho para o cuidado humanizado do discente/futuro profissional.
Nursing practice regarding care strategy towards clients affected by leprosy
Authors: Costa Carla Rossana de Lima , Brito Karen Krystine Gonçalves de , Santana Emanuelle Malzac Freire de , Nóbrega Matheus de Medeiros , Antas Ester Missias Villaverde , Soares Maria Júlia Guimarães Oliveira
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Identificar ações de enfermagem ao cliente acometido pela hanseníase. Métodos: Estudo do tipo exploratório, observacional com abordagem qualitativa. Fizeram parte do estudo dois enfermeiros realizando 34 consultas. Resultados: consulta se encontra nos esclarecimentos dos aspectos clínicos da doença, modo de transmissibilidade, período de incubação do vírus e principalmente o uso da medicação, complicações e efeitos adversos causados pela PQT aos pacientes e evidenciou que as orientações de autocuidado são pouco frequentemente. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros demonstram conhecer as diretrizes e políticas do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileira, contudo, apresentam uma prática que remete ao modelo hegemônico, biomédico.
Factors associated to the prenatal of puerperal women in a university hospital from the rio grande do norte state
Authors: Medeiros Luan Nogueira Bezerra de , Lima Simone Pedrosa , Assunção Joymara Railma Gomes de , Quental Libna Laquis Capistrano , Cavalcante Andressa Vallery Setúbal de Oliveira Nunes , Borges Eduarda de Moura
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analisar fatores associados à qualidade do cuidado pré-natal de risco habitual de puérperas em um hospital universitário do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Métodos: estudo analítico e transversal que avaliou dados de 235 puérperas durante três meses de 2017. O pré-natal foi classificado pelo critério de Melo, Oliveira e Mathias. Resultados: a qualidade do cuidado pré-natal foi classificada em 20,4% adequado, 79,6% intermediário e não houve inadequado. Na análise univariada, o pré-natal intermediário teve associação com ter menos de oito anos de estudo (OR= 2,76; IC= 1,11; 6,89); e renda familiar mensal menor que um salário mínimo (OR=2,13; IC= 1,12; 4,07). Já na análise múltipla, ter renda familiar menor que um salário mínimo confirmou associação com o pré-natal intermediário (ORaj= 2,13 e IC= 1,12; 4,07). Conclusões: Por fim, evidenciou-se que o pré-natal intermediário manteve associação com renda familiar mensal menor que um salário mínimo.
Challenges With Strengthening Exercises for Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis and Comorbid Obesity: A Qualitative Study With Patients and Physical Therapists
Authors: Lawford Belinda J. , Bennell Kim L. , Allison Kim , Schwartz Sarah , Hinman Rana S.
Published: September 2020

Objective

To explore challenges associated with implementing a home‐based strengthening exercise program for individuals with knee osteoarthritis and comorbid obesity.

Methods

This is a qualitative study embedded within a randomized controlled trial comparing 2 home‐based strengthening programs (weight‐bearing functional exercise versus non–weight‐bearing quadriceps strengthening exercise) for individuals with knee osteoarthritis and comorbid obesity. Patients in both exercise programs attended 5 consultations with a physical therapist and undertook a home‐based exercise program for 12 weeks. After trial completion, semistructured individual telephone interviews were conducted with 22 patients and all 7 physical therapists who delivered trial interventions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed using an inductive approach.

Results

Three themes arose: 1) psychological challenges (false assumptions about exercise; fear of pain; disliking exercise; mental effort of the weight‐bearing functional program; underestimating capability); 2) physical challenges (complexity of the weight‐bearing functional program; cuff weights and straight leg raise being problematic in non–weight‐bearing quadriceps program; other health conditions); and 3) overcoming challenges (incentives to exercise; accountability; education and reassurance; tailoring the exercise program).

Conclusion

Patients and physical therapists experienced numerous psychological and physical challenges to exercise, including a fear of pain, having false assumptions about exercise, difficulties with exercise performance, application of cuff weights, and adverse impacts of other health conditions.
A Multilayered Electron Extracting System for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Seitkhan Akmaral , Neophytou Marios , Hallani Rawad K. , Troughton Joel , Gasparini Nicola , Faber Hendrik , Abou‐Hamad Edy , Hedhili Mohamed Nejib , Harrison George T. , Baran Derya , Tsetseris Leonidas , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , McCulloch Iain
Published: September 2020

Power conversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly increased from 3.8% to a certified 25.2% within only a decade. Eliminating possible recombination losses at the interfaces is essential to further improve both efficiency and stability of this class of emerging photovoltaic technology. Herein, a simple approach for improving the electron extraction of the PC60BM electron transport layer (ETL) is presented by sequentially depositing Al:ZnO (AZO) and triphenyl‐phosphine oxide (TPPO) on top of it, in a p–i–n device configuration. The efficiency of the resulting CH3NH3PbI3‐based solar cell is shown to improve from 14.6%, measured for the control PC60BM‐only cell, to 17.9% for double‐ETL (PC60BM/AZO) and 19.2% for triple‐ETL (PC60BM/AZO/TPPO)‐based devices, respectively. Optimized triple‐ETL‐based cells exhibit high fill factor of 82%. The combination of electrical and quantum mechanical calculations shows that efficiency improvement is attributed to reduced trap‐assisted recombination at the interface and better energy level alignment due to chemical interactions between PC60BM, AZO, and TPPO. Moreover, it is shown that the use of multilayer ETL results in better device stability (T80 ≈ 800 h) under constant illumination. This work opens new possibilities for inexpensive highly efficient and stable multilayered contacts for PSCs by combining organic small molecules and metal oxides.
Epitaxial Metal Halide Perovskites by Inkjet‐Printing on Various Substrates
Authors: Sytnyk Mykhailo , Yousefi‐Amin Amir‐Abbas , Freund Tim , Prihoda Annemarie , Götz Klaus , Unruh Tobias , Harreiss Christina , Will Johannes , Spiecker Erdmann , Levchuk Jevgen , Osvet Andres , Brabec Christoph J. , Künecke Ulrike , Wellmann Peter , Volobuev Valentin V. , Korczak Jędrzej , Szczerbakow Andrzej , Story Tomasz , Simbrunner Clemens , Springholz Gunther , Wechsler Daniel , Lytken Ole , Lotter Sebastian , Kampmann Felix , Maultzsch Janina , Singh Kamalpreet , Voznyy Oleksandr , Heiss Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

Metal‐halide‐perovskites revolutionized the field of thin‐film semiconductor technology, due to their favorable optoelectronic properties and facile solution processing. Further improvements of perovskite thin‐film devices require structural coherence on the atomic scale. Such perfection is achieved by epitaxial growth, a method that is based on the use of high‐end deposition chambers. Here epitaxial growth is enabled via a ≈1000 times cheaper device, a single nozzle inkjet printer. By printing, single‐crystal micro‐ and nanostructure arrays and crystalline coherent thin films are obtained on selected substrates. The hetero‐epitaxial structures of methylammonium PbBr3 grown on lattice matching substrates exhibit similar luminescence as bulk single crystals, but the crystals phase transitions are shifted to lower temperatures, indicating a structural stabilization due to interfacial lattice anchoring by the substrates. Thus, the inkjet‐printing of metal‐halide perovskites provides improved material characteristics in a highly economical way, as a future cheap competitor to the high‐end semiconductor growth technologies.
Enabling Stable High‐Voltage LiCoO2 Operation by Using Synergetic Interfacial Modification Strategy
Authors: Yang Xuerui , Lin Min , Zheng Guorui , Wu Jue , Wang Xianshu , Ren Fucheng , Zhang Wenguang , Liao Ying , Zhao Weimin , Zhang Zhongru , Xu Ningbo , Yang Wanli , Yang Yong
Published: September 2020

Structural and interfacial instability of the LiCoO2 cathode under a voltage exceeding 4.5 V (vs Li/Li+) severely hinders its practical applications for high‐energy‐density lithium batteries. Herein, a modified electrolyte with nitriles (suberonitrile or 1,3,6‐hexanetricarbonitrile) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) coadditives is demonstrated to form an ultrathin and uniform interface layer on LiCoO2 cathode under a synergetic effect. As such, LiCoO2/Li cells display excellent cyclability at a cutoff voltage of 4.6 V with a capacity retention over 72% after 300 cycles and 60% after 200 cycles at 30 and 55 °C, respectively, even achieving operation at a high current rate (10 C) upon 500 cycles as compared to the controls with fast‐falling capacity to zero. Furthermore, an adsorption‐coordination mechanism between nitriles and cobalt and synergetic effect of coadditives are explored by the alliance of spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations. The contributed lone‐pairs on the N 2p orbital of nitriles in coordination lowers the real oxidation state of Co3+/4+ so that it decreases its catalysis on electrolytes, and the synergy from nitrile‐derived species regulates FEC to form an LiF‐containing electron‐insulated interface layer. This work shares a new insight to nitriles with the synergy of coadditives and paves a way to refine (ultra)high‐voltage LiCoO2 cathode for high‐energy‐density energy storages.
Achromatic Huygens’ Metalenses with Deeply Subwavelength Thickness
Authors: Fathnan Ashif A. , Liu Mingkai , Powell David A.
Published: September 2020

Matching magnetic and electric responses has proven key to achieving high‐efficiency transmissive Huygens’ metasurfaces. However, the complex frequency dependence of the required magnetic and electric responses is difficult to control, causing inevitable mismatch and undesired narrowband responses. Here, a rigorous design methodology is proposed to obtain a metasurface in which the Huygens’ condition is maintained over a broad bandwidth and range of phase tuning. By utilizing three patterned metallic layers separated by dielectrics, it is shown how the resonant modes with electric and magnetic dipole moments can be controlled almost independently, enabling broadband transparency with controllable dispersion. Representing the resonant elements as series and parallel inductance–capacitance configurations, a convenient implementation of a macro‐level design into a realistic geometry is demonstrated. Based on the proposed method, a subwavelength thickness metasurface lens that maintains constant focal length over 11% of fractional bandwidth is designed and characterized. It is also shown that the method can be utilized to achieve specified values of chromatic dispersion of a metasurface lens, enabling various functional devices and applications.
Highly Stable and Scalable Blue QD‐LED via an Evaporated TiO2 Thin Film as an Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Bang Sang Yun , Fan Xiang‐Bing , Jung Sung‐Min , Yang Jiajie , Shin Dong‐Wook , Suh Yo‐Han , Lee Tae Hoon , Lee Sanghyo , Choi Hyung Woo , Occhipinti Luigi G. , Han Soo Deok , Kim Jong Min
Published: September 2020

Quantum dot‐based light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) have excellent optical properties; however, their limitations of stability, reproducibility, and scalability due to the solution process are the major drawback. Herein, blue QD‐LEDs fabricated with the conventional vacuum process using an e‐beam‐evaporated TiO2 thin film as an electron transport layer (ETL) are demonstrated. CdZnS/ZnS‐based blue LEDs with a TiO2 thin film are fabricated under ambient conditions. They exhibit maximum external quantum efficiencies of 3.53% and a peak luminance of 2847 cd m−2. These values are retained, which minimizes performance degradation under high potential bias. In addition, the optimized evaporated TiO2 thin film has a negligible red shift (0.5 nm) of the peak wavelength between the photoluminescence spectrum and electroluminescence spectrum with stable full‐width at half‐maximum changing by less than 2 nm at high voltage. Finally, a blue QD‐LED is fabricated on a scalable emission area of 2 × 2 in. with a patterned cathode accompanied by an evaporated TiO2 thin film, which allows to perform conventional photolithography. A highly stable and reproducible vaporized inorganic thin film as the ETL supports the multilayer architecture to minimize the process damage.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of (E)‐Vinyl Sulfones via An Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide/1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer Sequence
Authors: He Fu‐Sheng , Yao Yanfang , Xie Wenlin , Wu Jie
Published: September 2020

A metal‐free three‐component reaction of propargyl alcohols, sodium metabisulfite, and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates under mild conditions is described. The reaction proceeds efficiently at room temperature without the need of any catalysts, affording the corresponding (E)‐vinyl sulfones in moderate to good yields with excellent functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies show that a vinyl radical‐induced 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer process and functional group migration are involved, resulting in the cleavage of inert C−H and C−C bonds in sequence.

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7q31.2q31.31 deletion downstream of FOXP2 segregating in a family with speech and language disorder
Authors: Rieger Melissa , Krumbiegel Mandy , Reuter Miriam S. , Schützenberger Anne , Reis André , Zweier Christiane
Published: September 2020

Chromosomal 7q31 deletions have been described in individuals with variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes including speech and language impairment. These copy number variants usually encompass FOXP2, haploinsufficiency of which represents a widely acknowledged cause for specific speech and language disorders. By chromosomal microarray analysis we identified a 4.7 Mb microdeletion at 7q31.2q31.31 downstream of FOXP2 in three family members presenting with variable speech, language and neurodevelopmental phenotypes. The index individual showed delayed speech development with impaired speech production, reduced language comprehension, and additionally learning difficulties, microcephaly, and attention deficit. His younger sister had delayed speech development with impaired speech production and partially reduced language comprehension. Their mother had attended a school for children with speech and language deficiencies and presented with impaired articulation. The deletion had occurred de novo in the mother, includes 15 protein‐coding genes and is located in close proximity to the 3′ end of FOXP2. Though a novel locus at 7q31.2q31.31 associated with mild neurodevelopmental and more prominent speech and language impairment is possible, the close phenotypic overlap with FOXP2‐associated speech and language disorder rather suggests a positional effect on FOXP2 expression and function.
Long‐term risk of dementia following hospitalization due to physical diseases: A multicohort study
Authors: Sipilä Pyry N , Lindbohm Joni V , Singh‐Manoux Archana , Shipley Martin J. , Kiiskinen Tuomo , Havulinna Aki S , Vahtera Jussi , Nyberg Solja T , Pentti Jaana , Kivimäki Mika
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Conventional risk factors targeted by prevention (e.g., low education, smoking, and obesity) are associated with a 1.2‐ to 2‐fold increased risk of dementia. It is unclear whether having a physical disease is an equally important risk factor for dementia.

Methods

In this exploratory multicohort study of 283,414 community‐dwelling participants, we examined 22 common hospital‐treated physical diseases as risk factors for dementia.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 19 years, a total of 3416 participants developed dementia. Those who had erysipelas (hazard ratio = 1.82; 95% confidence interval = 1.53 to 2.17), hypothyroidism (1.94; 1.59 to 2.38), myocardial infarction (1.41; 1.20 to 1.64), ischemic heart disease (1.32; 1.18 to 1.49), cerebral infarction (2.44; 2.14 to 2.77), duodenal ulcers (1.88; 1.42 to 2.49), gastritis and duodenitis (1.82; 1.46 to 2.27), or osteoporosis (2.38; 1.75 to 3.23) were at a significantly increased risk of dementia. These associations were not explained by conventional risk factors or reverse causation.

Discussion

In addition to conventional risk factors, several physical diseases may increase the long‐term risk of dementia.
Activating the Antibacterial Effect of 4,6‐Diamino‐2‐pyrimidinethiol‐Modified Gold Nanoparticles by Reducing their Sizes
Authors: Xie Yangzhouyun , Yang Junchuan , Zhang Jiangjiang , Zheng Wenfu , Jiang Xingyu
Published: September 2020

Adequately decorated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have excellent antibiotic activities against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria. Nanoparticles exhibiting Gram selective antibacterial actions are beneficial to precise therapy. Here, we present a strategy to tune the antibacterial spectrum of a small molecule (4,6‐diamino‐2‐pyrimidinethiol, DAPT)‐modified GNPs (DAPT‐GNPs, DGNPs) by adjusting their sizes. Compared to large (ca. 14 nm diameter) DGNPs (lDGNPs) and medium‐sized (3–4 nm diameter) DGNPs (mDGNPs), which have no antibacterial effect or only target Gram‐negative (G−) bacteria, ultrasmall DGNPs (uDGNPs, <2 nm) have a broad antibacterial spectrum, especially showing an over 60‐fold increase in antibacterial efficacy against Gram‐positive (G+) bacteria. Moreover, the uDGNPs‐functionalized scaffolds (agarose gel) can serve as general wound dressings for healing burnt infections. Our strategy is insightful for exploring properties of the nanomaterials and their applications.
Designing Cascades of Electron Transfer Processes in Multicomponent Graphene Conjugates
Authors: Limosani Francesca , Kaur Ramandeep , Cataldo Antonino , Bellucci Stefano , Micciulla Federico , Zanoni Robertino , Lembo Angelo , Wang Bingzhe , Pizzoferrato Roberto , Guldi Dirk M. , Tagliatesta Pietro
Published: September 2020

A novel family of nanocarbon‐based materials was designed, synthesized, and probed within the context of charge‐transfer cascades. We integrated electron‐donating ferrocenes with light‐harvesting/electron‐donating (metallo)porphyrins and electron‐accepting graphene nanoplates (GNP) into multicomponent conjugates. To control the rate of charge flow between the individual building blocks, we bridged them via oligo‐p‐phenyleneethynylenes of variable lengths by β‐linkages and the Prato–Maggini reaction. With steady‐state absorption, fluorescence, Raman, and XPS measurements we realized the basic physico‐chemical characterization of the photo‐ and redox‐active components and the multicomponent conjugates. Going beyond this, we performed transient absorption measurements and corroborated by single wavelength and target analyses that the selective (metallo)porphyrin photoexcitation triggers a cascade of charge transfer events, that is, charge separation, charge shift, and charge recombination, to enable the directed charge flow. The net result is a few nanosecond‐lived charge‐separated state featuring a GNP‐delocalized electron and a one‐electron oxidized ferrocenium.
Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction to Methane with a Cobalt Phthalocyanine and Zinc–Nitrogen–Carbon Tandem Catalyst
Authors: Lin Long , Liu Tianfu , Xiao Jianping , Li Hefei , Wei Pengfei , Gao Dunfeng , Nan Bing , Si Rui , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe
Published: September 2020

Developing copper‐free catalysts for CO2 conversion into hydrocarbons and oxygenates is highly desirable for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Herein, we report a cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) and zinc–nitrogen–carbon (Zn‐N‐C) tandem catalyst for CO2RR to CH4. This tandem catalyst shows a more than 100 times enhancement of the CH4/CO production rate ratio compared with CoPc or Zn‐N‐C alone. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and electrochemical CO reduction reaction results suggest that CO2 is first reduced into CO over CoPc and then CO diffuses onto Zn‐N‐C for further conversion into CH4 over Zn‐N4 site, decoupling complicated CO2RR pathway on single active site into a two‐step tandem reaction. Moreover, mechanistic analysis indicates that CoPc not only generates CO but also enhances the availability of *H over adjacent N sites in Zn‐N4, which is the key to achieve the high CH4 production rate and understand the intriguing electrocatalytic behavior which is distinctive to copper‐based tandem catalysts.