bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Storm Track Simulated in the High‐Resolution Community Earth System Model
Authors: Wang Zhaoying , Li Mingkui , Zhang Shaoqing , Small R. Justin , Lu Lv , Yuan Man , Yong Jianlin , Lin Xiaopei , Wu Lixin
Published: October 2023

With a pair of high‐resolution (HR, 10 km ocean and 25 km atm) and low‐resolution (LR, 100 km ocean and 100 km atm) Community Earth System Model (CESM) simulations, we investigate and compare the long‐term mean Northern Hemisphere (NH) wintertime storm tracks against reanalysis data. Based on several Eulerian measures, the CESM‐HR shows a poleward shift of the NH storm tracks and a reduced equatorward bias in the North Pacific relative to the CESM‐LR. Those may be associated with the refined topography of the Tibetan Plateau as well as the improved subtropical jet, stationary planetary waves, atmospheric baroclinity, and baroclinic energy conversion over the North Pacific. We also find that sharper oceanic fronts along the Kuroshio Extension accompanied by enhanced local atmospheric baroclinity and strengthened eddy heat flux over the northern North Pacific could be related to those improvements. Nevertheless, the North Atlantic storm track in HR is placed too north, leading to a larger negative bias over the subtropical zone than in LR. The simulated insufficient subtropical sensible and latent heat fluxes and northward zonal winds in HR seemingly coincide with the deficits in the North Atlantic storm track. The stronger NH branch of the Hadley cell and its poleward expansion in HR may be linked to the changes in the tropical precipitation and the poleward shift of the NH storm tracks. Further studies of attributing these biases to a specific aspect of the climate model by sensitivity experiments are warranted for further clarification of the mechanisms.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Machine Learned Mesoscale Eddy Parameterization Into a Numerical Ocean Circulation Model
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Perezhogin Pavel , Gultekin Cem , Adcroft Alistair , Fernandez‐Granda Carlos , Zanna Laure
Published: October 2023

We address the question of how to use a machine learned (ML) parameterization in a general circulation model (GCM), and assess its performance both computationally and physically. We take one particular ML parameterization (Guillaumin & Zanna, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10506419.1) and evaluate the online performance in a different model from which it was previously tested. This parameterization is a deep convolutional network that predicts parameters for a stochastic model of subgrid momentum forcing by mesoscale eddies. We treat the parameterization as we would a conventional parameterization once implemented in the numerical model. This includes trying the parameterization in a different flow regime from that in which it was trained, at different spatial resolutions, and with other differences, all to test generalization. We assess whether tuning is possible, which is a common practice in GCM development. We find the parameterization, without modification or special treatment, to be stable and that the action of the parameterization to be diminishing as spatial resolution is refined. We also find some limitations of the machine learning model in implementation: (a) tuning of the outputs from the parameterization at various depths is necessary; (b) the forcing near boundaries is not predicted as well as in the open ocean; (c) the cost of the parameterization is prohibitively high on central processing units. We discuss these limitations, present some solutions to problems, and conclude that this particular ML parameterization does inject energy, and improve backscatter, as intended but it might need further refinement before we can use it in production mode in contemporary climate models.
Music prevents stress-induced depression and anxiety-like behavior in mice
Authors: Fu Qiang , Qiu Rui , Chen Lei , Chen Yuewen , Qi Wen , Cheng Yong
Published: October 2023

Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide and remains incurable; however, there is little research on its prevention. The leading cause of depression is stress, and music has been hypothesized to alleviate stress. To examine the potential beneficial effects of music on stress and depression, we subjected mice to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) during the day and music at night. Strikingly, our results indicated that music completely prevented CUMS-induced depression and anxiety-like behaviors in mice, as assessed by the open field, tail suspension, sucrose preference, novelty suppressed feeding, and elevated plus maze tests. We found that listening to music restored serum corticosterone levels in CUMS mice, which may contribute to the beneficial effects of music on the mouse brain, including the restoration of BDNF and Bcl-2 levels. Furthermore, listening to music prevented CUMS-induced oxidative stress in the serum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus of mice. Moreover, the CUMS-induced inflammatory responses in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice were prevented by listening to music. Taken together, we have demonstrated for the first time in mice experiments that listening to music prevents stress-induced depression and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Music may restore hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis homeostasis, preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotrophic factor deficits, which had led to the observed phenotypes in CUMS mice.
Polarity protein AF6 functions as a modulator of necroptosis by regulating ubiquitination of RIPK1 in liver diseases
Authors: Xinyu Wang , Qian Wen , Yanjun Wu , Jingwen Kong , Keying Xu , Jiazheng Jiao , Haibing Zhang , Kai Wang , Xiao Xu , Lixing Zhan
Published: October 2023

Abstracts

AF6, a known polarity protein, contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis while ensuring tissue architecture, repair, and integrity. Mice that lack AF6 display embryonic lethality owing to cell–cell junction disruption. However, we show AF6 promotes necroptosis via regulating the ubiquitination of RIPK1 by directly interact with the intermediate domain of RIPK1, which was mediated by the deubiquitylase enzyme USP21. Consistently, while injection of mice with an adenovirus providing AF6 overexpression resulted in accelerated TNFα-induced necroptosis-mediated mortality in vivo, we observed that mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of AF6 prevented hepatocytes from necroptosis and the subsequent inflammatory response in various liver diseases model, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).Together, these data suggest that AF6 represents a novel regulator of RIPK1-RIPK3 dependent necroptotic pathway. Thus, the AF6-RIPK1-USP21 axis are potential therapeutic targets for treatment of various liver injuries and metabolic diseases.
A latitudinal gradient in Darwin’s naturalization conundrum at the global scale for flowering plants
Authors: Fan Shu-ya , Yang Qiang , Li Shao-peng , Fristoe Trevor S. , Cadotte Marc W. , Essl Franz , Kreft Holger , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Weigelt Patrick , Kartesz John , Nishino Misako , Wieringa Jan J. , van Kleunen Mark
Published: October 2023

Darwin’s naturalization conundrum describes two seemingly contradictory hypotheses regarding whether alien species closely or distantly related to native species should be more likely to naturalize in regional floras. Both expectations have accumulated empirical support, and whether such apparent inconsistency can be reconciled at the global scale is unclear. Here, using 219,520 native and 9,531 naturalized alien plant species across 487 globally distributed regions, we found a latitudinal gradient in Darwin’s naturalization conundrum. Naturalized alien plant species are more closely related to native species at higher latitudes than they are at lower latitudes, indicating a greater influence of preadaptation in harsher climates. Human landscape modification resulted in even steeper latitudinal clines by selecting aliens distantly related to natives in warmer and drier regions. Our results demonstrate that joint consideration of climatic and anthropogenic conditions is critical to reconciling Darwin’s naturalization conundrum.
ADRA2A and IRX1 are putative risk genes for Raynaud’s phenomenon
Authors: Hartmann Sylvia , Yasmeen Summaira , Jacobs Benjamin M. , Denaxas Spiros , Pirmohamed Munir , Gamazon Eric R. , Caulfield Mark J. ,   Genes & Health Research Team, Hemingway Harry , Pietzner Maik , Langenberg Claudia
Published: October 2023

Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a common vasospastic disorder that causes severe pain and ulcers, but despite its high reported heritability, no causal genes have been robustly identified. We conducted a genome-wide association study including 5,147 RP cases and 439,294 controls, based on diagnoses from electronic health records, and identified three unreported genomic regions associated with the risk of RP (p < 5 × 10−8). We prioritized ADRA2A (rs7090046, odds ratio (OR) per allele: 1.26; 95%-CI: 1.20-1.31; p < 9.6 × 10−27) and IRX1 (rs12653958, OR: 1.17; 95%-CI: 1.12–1.22, p < 4.8 × 10−13) as candidate causal genes through integration of gene expression in disease relevant tissues. We further identified a likely causal detrimental effect of low fasting glucose levels on RP risk (rG = −0.21; p-value = 2.3 × 10−3), and systematically highlighted drug repurposing opportunities, like the antidepressant mirtazapine. Our results provide the first robust evidence for a strong genetic contribution to RP and highlight a so far underrated role of α2A-adrenoreceptor signalling, encoded at ADRA2A, as a possible mechanism for hypersensitivity to catecholamine-induced vasospasms.
Deposition and water repelling of temperature-responsive nanopesticides on leaves
Authors: Tang Jie , Tong Xiaojing , Chen Yongjun , Wu Yue , Zheng Zhiyuan , Kayitmazer A. Basak , Ahmad Ayyaz , Ramzan Naveed , Yang Jintao , Huang Qingchun , Xu Yisheng
Published: October 2023

Pesticides are widely used to increase agricultural productivity, however, weak adhesion and deposition lead to low efficient utilization. Herein, we prepare a nanopesticide formulation (tebuconazole nanopesticides) which is leaf-adhesive, and water-dispersed via a rapid nanoparticle precipitation method, flash nanoprecipitation, using temperature-responsive copolymers poly-(2-(dimethylamino)ethylmethylacrylate)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) as the carrier. Compared with commercial suspensions, the encapsulation by the polymer improves the deposition of TEB, and the contact angle on foliage is lowered by 40.0°. Due to the small size and strong van der Waals interactions, the anti-washing efficiency of TEB NPs is increased by 37% in contrast to commercial ones. Finally, the acute toxicity of TEB NPs to zebrafish shows a more than 25-fold reduction as compared to commercial formulation indicating good biocompatibility of the nanopesticides. This work is expected to enhance pesticide droplet deposition and adhesion, maximize the use of pesticides, tackling one of the application challenges of pesticides.
Large-scale recording of neuronal activity in freely-moving mice at cellular resolution
Authors: Das Aniruddha , Holden Sarah , Borovicka Julie , Icardi Jacob , O’Niel Abigail , Chaklai Ariel , Patel Davina , Patel Rushik , Kaech Petrie Stefanie , Raber Jacob , Dana Hod
Published: October 2023

Current methods for recording large-scale neuronal activity from behaving mice at single-cell resolution require either fixing the mouse head under a microscope or attachment of a recording device to the animal’s skull. Both of these options significantly affect the animal behavior and hence also the recorded brain activity patterns. Here, we introduce a different method to acquire snapshots of single-cell cortical activity maps from freely-moving mice using a calcium sensor called CaMPARI. CaMPARI has a unique property of irreversibly changing its color from green to red inside active neurons when illuminated with 400 nm light. We capitalize on this property to demonstrate cortex-wide activity recording without any head fixation, tethering, or attachment of a miniaturized device to the mouse’s head. Multiple cortical regions were recorded while the mouse was performing a battery of behavioral and cognitive tests. We identified task-dependent activity patterns across motor and somatosensory cortices, with significant differences across sub-regions of the motor cortex and correlations across several activity patterns and task parameters. This CaMPARI-based recording method expands the capabilities of recording neuronal activity from freely-moving and behaving mice under minimally-restrictive experimental conditions and provides large-scale volumetric data that are currently not accessible otherwise.
HMGA2 directly mediates chromatin condensation in association with neuronal fate regulation
Authors: Kuwayama Naohiro , Kujirai Tomoya , Kishi Yusuke , Hirano Rina , Echigoya Kenta , Fang Lingyan , Watanabe Sugiko , Nakao Mitsuyoshi , Suzuki Yutaka , Ishiguro Kei-ichiro , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Gotoh Yukiko
Published: October 2023

Identification of factors that regulate chromatin condensation is important for understanding of gene regulation. High-mobility group AT-hook (HMGA) proteins 1 and 2 are abundant nonhistone chromatin proteins that play a role in many biological processes including tissue stem-progenitor cell regulation, but the nature of their protein function remains unclear. Here we show that HMGA2 mediates direct condensation of polynucleosomes and forms droplets with nucleosomes. Consistently, most endogenous HMGA2 localized to transposase 5– and DNase I–inaccessible chromatin regions, and its binding was mostly associated with gene repression, in mouse embryonic neocortical cells. The AT-hook 1 domain was necessary for chromatin condensation by HMGA2 in vitro and in cellulo, and an HMGA2 mutant lacking this domain was defective in the ability to maintain neuronal progenitors in vivo. Intrinsically disordered regions of other proteins could substitute for the AT-hook 1 domain in promoting this biological function of HMGA2. Taken together, HMGA2 may regulate neural cell fate by its chromatin condensation activity.
Oncogenic context shapes the fitness landscape of tumor suppression
Authors: Blair Lily M. , Juan Joseph M. , Sebastian Lafia , Tran Vy B. , Nie Wensheng , Wall Gregory D. , Gerceker Mehmet , Lai Ian K. , Apilado Edwin A. , Grenot Gabriel , Amar David , Foggetti Giorgia , Do Carmo Mariana , Ugur Zeynep , Deng Debbie , Chenchik Alex , Paz Zafra Maria , Dow Lukas E. , Politi Katerina , MacQuitty Jonathan J. , Petrov Dmitri A. , Winslow Monte M. , Rosen Michael J. , Winters Ian P.
Published: October 2023

Tumors acquire alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in an adaptive walk through the fitness landscape of tumorigenesis. However, the interactions between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that shape this landscape remain poorly resolved and cannot be revealed by human cancer genomics alone. Here, we use a multiplexed, autochthonous mouse platform to model and quantify the initiation and growth of more than one hundred genotypes of lung tumors across four oncogenic contexts: KRAS G12D, KRAS G12C, BRAF V600E, and EGFR L858R. We show that the fitness landscape is rugged—the effect of tumor suppressor inactivation often switches between beneficial and deleterious depending on the oncogenic context—and shows no evidence of diminishing-returns epistasis within variants of the same oncogene. These findings argue against a simple linear signaling relationship amongst these three oncogenes and imply a critical role for off-axis signaling in determining the fitness effects of inactivating tumor suppressors.
ZSP1601, a novel pan-phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of NAFLD, A randomized, placebo-controlled phase Ib/IIa trial
Authors: Hu Yue , Li Haijun , Zhang Hong , Chen Xiaoxin , Chen Jinjun , Xu Zhongyuan , You Hong , Dong Ruihua , Peng Yun , Li Jing , Li Xiaojiao , Wu Dandan , Zhang Lei , Cao Di , Jin He , Qiu Dongdong , Yang Aruhan , Lou Jinfeng , Zhu Xiaoxue , Niu Junqi , Ding Yanhua
Published: October 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a growing health burden with limited treatment options worldwide. Herein we report a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose trial of a first-in-class pan-phosphodiesterase inhibitor ZSP1601 in 36 NAFLD patients (NCT04140123). There were three cohorts. Each cohort included twelve patients, nine of whom received ZSP1601 50 mg once daily, 50 mg twice daily, or 100 mg twice daily, and three of whom received matching placebos for 28 days. The primary outcomes were the safety and tolerability of ZSP1601. A total of 27 (27/36, 75%) patients experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). Most TEAEs were mild to moderate. There was no Serious Adverse Event. Diarrhea, transiently elevated creatinine and adaptive headache were frequently reported adverse drug reaction. We conclude that ZSP1601 is well-tolerated and safe, showing effective improvement in liver chemistries, liver fat content and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
Simplified equations for object trajectories in rotating space habitats and space juggling
Authors: Dipert R. Adam
Published: October 2023

Rotating space habitats provide artificial gravity as a physiological countermeasure for long-term space habitation, though the lived experience of a person in these habitats requires further investigation. Movement planning will require adaptation to the Coriolis and centrifugal forces. The multicultural arts of juggling may offer potential psycho-physiological countermeasures for some individuals and provide interesting insights into movement planning and arts in both microgravity and rotating habitats. Previously developed equations of motion for thrown objects in rotating habitats have not been centered within the lived rotating environment. Here, I show a set of simplified equations for object trajectories in rotating environments and their underlying mathematical framework. The full set of possible trajectories for objects thrown in rotating environments is provided and a simplified approach to the Coriolis and centrifugal force differential equation using complex algebra is demonstrated. Experimentation reported in this article was conducted on parabolic flights and an analog weightlessness and rotating apparatus. Near the surface of the Earth, thrown objects travel along parabolas. In rotating space environments, thrown objects will travel along a set of mathematical curves known as roulettes, created by a fixed circle and rolling line with generator point connected to the line. These roulette trajectories will be the everyday experience of every person living in a rotating space habitat, always.
Behavioral and brain responses to verbal stimuli reveal transient periods of cognitive integration of the external world during sleep
Authors: Türker Başak , Musat Esteban Munoz , Chabani Emma , Fonteix-Galet Alexandrine , Maranci Jean-Baptiste , Wattiez Nicolas , Pouget Pierre , Sitt Jacobo , Naccache Lionel , Arnulf Isabelle , Oudiette Delphine
Published: October 2023

Sleep has long been considered as a state of behavioral disconnection from the environment, without reactivity to external stimuli. Here we questioned this ‘sleep disconnection’ dogma by directly investigating behavioral responsiveness in 49 napping participants (27 with narcolepsy and 22 healthy volunteers) engaged in a lexical decision task. Participants were instructed to frown or smile depending on the stimulus type. We found accurate behavioral responses, visible via contractions of the corrugator or zygomatic muscles, in most sleep stages in both groups (except slow-wave sleep in healthy volunteers). Across sleep stages, responses occurred more frequently when stimuli were presented during high cognitive states than during low cognitive states, as indexed by prestimulus electroencephalography. Our findings suggest that transient windows of reactivity to external stimuli exist during bona fide sleep, even in healthy individuals. Such windows of reactivity could pave the way for real-time communication with sleepers to probe sleep-related mental and cognitive processes.
Activity in primate visual cortex is minimally driven by spontaneous movements
Authors: Talluri Bharath Chandra , Kang Incheol , Lazere Adam , Quinn Katrina R. , Kaliss Nicholas , Yates Jacob L. , Butts Daniel A. , Nienborg Hendrikje
Published: October 2023

Organisms process sensory information in the context of their own moving bodies, an idea referred to as embodiment. This idea is important for developmental neuroscience, robotics and systems neuroscience. The mechanisms supporting embodiment are unknown, but a manifestation could be the observation in mice of brain-wide neuromodulation, including in the primary visual cortex, driven by task-irrelevant spontaneous body movements. We tested this hypothesis in macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta), a primate model for human vision, by simultaneously recording visual cortex activity and facial and body movements. We also sought a direct comparison using an analogous approach to those used in mouse studies. Here we found that activity in the primate visual cortex (V1, V2 and V3/V3A) was associated with the animals’ own movements, but this modulation was largely explained by the impact of the movements on the retinal image, that is, by changes in visual input. These results indicate that visual cortex in primates is minimally driven by spontaneous movements and may reflect species-specific sensorimotor strategies.
Shifted PAMs generate DNA overhangs and enhance SpCas9 post-catalytic complex dissociation
Authors: Wang Jinglong , Le Gall Julien , Frock Richard L. , Strick Terence R.
Published: October 2023

Using Sanger sequencing and high-throughput genome sequencing of DNA cleavage reactions, we find that the Streptococcus pyogenes SpCas9 complex responds to internal mechanical strain by robustly generating a distribution of overhanging, rather than blunt, DNA ends. Internal mechanical strain is generated by shifting (increasing or decreasing) the spacing between the RNA-DNA hybrid and the downstream canonical PAM. Up to 2-base 3′ overhangs can be robustly generated via a 2-base increase in the distance between hybrid and PAM. We also use single-molecule experiments to reconstruct the full course of the CRISPR–SpCas9 reaction in real-time, structurally and kinetically monitoring and quantifying R-loop formation, the first and second DNA-incision events, and dissociation of the post-catalytic complex. Complex dissociation and release of broken DNA ends is a rate-limiting step of the reaction, and shifted SpCas9 is sufficiently destabilized so as to rapidly dissociate after formation of broken DNA ends.
Transcriptomes of aging brain, heart, muscle, and spleen from female and male African turquoise killifish
Authors: Xu Alan , Teefy Bryan B. , Lu Ryan J. , Nozownik Séverine , Tyers Alexandra M. , Valenzano Dario R. , Benayoun Bérénice A.
Published: October 2023

The African turquoise killifish is an emerging vertebrate model organism with great potential for aging research due to its naturally short lifespan. Thus far, turquoise killifish aging ‘omic’ studies have examined a single organ, single sex and/or evaluated samples from non-reference strains. Here, we describe a resource dataset of ribosomal RNA-depleted RNA-seq libraries generated from the brain, heart, muscle, and spleen from both sexes, as well as young and old animals, in the reference GRZ turquoise killifish strain. We provide basic quality control steps and demonstrate the utility of our dataset by performing differential gene expression and gene ontology analyses by age and sex. Importantly, we show that age has a greater impact than sex on transcriptional landscapes across probed tissues. Finally, we confirm transcription of transposable elements (TEs), which are highly abundant and increase in expression with age in brain tissue. This dataset will be a useful resource for exploring gene and TE expression as a function of both age and sex in a powerful naturally short-lived vertebrate model.
Highly accelerated knee magnetic resonance imaging using deep neural network (DNN)–based reconstruction: prospective, multi-reader, multi-vendor study
Authors: Lee Joohee , Jung Min , Park Jiwoo , Kim Sungjun , Im Yunjin , Lee Nim , Song Ho-Taek , Lee Young Han
Published: October 2023

In this prospective, multi-reader, multi-vendor study, we evaluated the performance of a commercially available deep neural network (DNN)–based MR image reconstruction in enabling accelerated 2D fast spin-echo (FSE) knee imaging. Forty-five subjects were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into three 3T MRIs. Conventional 2D FSE and accelerated 2D FSE sequences were acquired for each subject, and the accelerated FSE images were reconstructed and enhanced with DNN–based reconstruction software (FSE-DNN). Quantitative assessments and diagnostic performances were independently evaluated by three musculoskeletal radiologists. For statistical analyses, paired t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation were used for image quality comparison and inter-reader agreements. Accelerated FSE-DNN reduced scan times by 41.0% on average. FSE-DNN showed better SNR and CNR (p < 0.001). Overall image quality of FSE-DNN was comparable (p > 0.05), and diagnostic performances of FSE-DNN showed comparable lesion detection. Two of cartilage lesions were under-graded or over-graded (n = 2) while there was no significant difference in other image sets (n = 43). Overall inter-reader agreement between FSE-conventional and FSE-DNN showed good agreement (R2 = 0.76; p < 0.001). In conclusion, DNN-based reconstruction can be applied to accelerated knee imaging in multi-vendor MRI scanners, with reduced scan time and comparable image quality. This study suggests the potential for DNN-accelerated knee MRI in clinical practice.
Disentangling the origins of viticulture in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Breglia Francesco , Bouby Laurent , Wales Nathan , Ivorra Sarah , Fiorentino Girolamo
Published: October 2023

We present direct evidence of early grape domestication in southern Italy via a multidisciplinary study of pip assemblage from one site, shedding new light on the spread of viticulture in the western Mediterranean during the Bronze Age. This consist of 55 waterlogged pips from Grotta di Pertosa, a Middle Bronze Age settlement in the south of the Italian peninsula. Direct radiocarbon dating of pips was carried out, confirming the chronological consistency of the samples with their archaeological contexts (ca. 1450–1200 BCE). The extraordinary state of conservation of the sample allowed to perform geometric morphometric (GMM) and paleogenetic analyses (aDNA) at the same time. The combination of the two methods has irrefutably shown the presence of domestic grapevines, together with wild ones, in Southern Italy during the Middle/Late Bronze Age. The results converge towards an oriental origin of the domestic grapes, most likely arriving from the Aegean area through the Mycenaeans. A parent/offspring kinship was also recognised between a domestic/wild hybrid individual and a domestic clonal group. This data point out a little known aspect of the diffusion of the first viticulture in Italy, and therefore in the western Mediterranean, which involved the hybridization between imported domestic varieties with, likely local, wild vines.
MAxSIM: multi-angle-crossing structured illumination microscopy with height-controlled mirror for 3D topological mapping of live cells
Authors: Gardeazabal Rodriguez Pedro Felipe , Lilach Yigal , Ambegaonkar Abhijit , Vitali Teresa , Jafri Haani , Sohn Hae Won , Dalva Matthew , Pierce Susan , Chung Inhee
Published: October 2023

Mapping 3D plasma membrane topology in live cells can bring unprecedented insights into cell biology. Widefield-based super-resolution methods such as 3D-structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) can achieve twice the axial ( ~ 300 nm) and lateral ( ~ 100 nm) resolution of widefield microscopy in real time in live cells. However, twice-resolution enhancement cannot sufficiently visualize nanoscale fine structures of the plasma membrane. Axial interferometry methods including fluorescence light interference contrast microscopy and its derivatives (e.g., scanning angle interference microscopy) can determine nanoscale axial locations of proteins on and near the plasma membrane. Thus, by combining super-resolution lateral imaging of 2D-SIM with axial interferometry, we developed multi-angle-crossing structured illumination microscopy (MAxSIM) to generate multiple incident angles by fast, optoelectronic creation of diffraction patterns. Axial localization accuracy can be enhanced by placing cells on a bottom glass substrate, locating a custom height-controlled mirror (HCM) at a fixed axial position above the glass substrate, and optimizing the height reconstruction algorithm for noisy experimental data. The HCM also enables imaging of both the apical and basal surfaces of a cell. MAxSIM with HCM offers high-fidelity nanoscale 3D topological mapping of cell plasma membranes with near-real-time ( ~ 0.5 Hz) imaging of live cells and 3D single-molecule tracking.
C2-addition patterns emerging from acetylene and nickel sulfide in simulated prebiotic hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Diederich Philippe , Ruf Alexander , Geisberger Thomas , Weidner Leopold , Seitz Christian , Eisenreich Wolfgang , Huber Claudia , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe
Published: October 2023

Chemical complexity is vital not only for the origin of life but also for biological evolution. The chemical evolution of a complex prebiotic mixture containing acetylene, carbon monoxide (CO), and nickel sulfide (NiS) has been analyzed with mass spectrometry as an untargeted approach to reaction monitoring. Here we show through isotopic 13C-labelling, multiple reaction products, encompassing diverse CHO and CHOS compounds within the complex reaction mixture. Molecules within the same chemical spaces displayed varying degrees of 13C-labelling, enabling more robust functional group characterization based on targeted investigations and differences in saturation levels among the described classes. A characteristic C2-addition pattern was detected in all compound classes in conjunction with a high diversity of thio acids, reminiscent of extant microbial C2-metabolism. The analysis involved a time-resolved molecular network, which unveiled the behavior of sulfur in the system. At the onset of the reaction, early formed compounds contain more sulfur atoms compared to later emerging compounds. These results give an essential insight into the still elusive role of sulfur dynamics in the origin of life. Moreover, our results provide temporally resolved evidence of the progressively increasing molecular complexity arising from a limited number of compounds.
Hairpin DNA-based electrochemical amplification strategy for miRNA sensing by using single gold nanoelectrodes
Authors: Wang Hao , Yang Binbin , Tang Haoran , Ding Sufang , Liu Gen
Published: October 2023

Hairpin DNA-based electrochemical amplification strategy for miRNA sensing by adopting single gold nanoelectrodes.
A polymer network architecture provides superior cushioning and lubrication of soft tissue compared to a linear architecture
Authors: Cooper Benjamin G. , DeMoya Christian D. , Sikes Katie J. , Frisbie David D. , Phillips Nikki , Nelson Brad B. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Kawcak Chris E. , Goodrich Laurie R. , Snyder Brian D. , Grinstaff Mark W.
Published: October 2023

We report the relationships between linear vs. network polymer architecture and biomechanical outcomes including lubrication and cushioning when the polymers are applied to the surface of articulating knee cartilage.
Combining biomimetic collagen/hyaluronan hydrogels with discogenic growth factors promotes mesenchymal stroma cell differentiation into Nucleus Pulposus like cells
Authors: Okoro Prince David , Frayssinet Antoine , De Oliveira Stéphanie , Rouquier Léa , Miklosic Gregor , D'Este Matteo , Potier Esther , Hélary Christophe
Published: October 2023

The combination of discogenic factors with biomimetic collagen/hyaluronan hydrogels is promising for disc regeneration; a high content of hyaluronan is responsible for the BM-MSC differentiation into NP like cells.
Target-initiated fluorescent aptasensor based on multisite strand displacement amplification for label-free detection of ochratoxin A
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Cai Xiangyue , Zhang Qian , Zhang Chunyang
Published: October 2023

We develop a new fluorescent aptasensor for ultra-sensitive and label-free detection of ochratoxin A.
Chiral selectivity vs. noise in spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking
Authors: Hochberg David , Buhse Thomas , Micheau Jean-Claude , Ribó Josep M.
Published: October 2023

Imperfect bifurcation (blue curves) due to chiral bias g > 0 with chiral noise ξ induced by temperature fluctuations. Axis α = ([L] − [D])/2; λ is a nonequilibrium constraint on the system (a flow rate). Chiral selectivity holds when g > ξ.
Effects of donor and acceptor substituents on the photophysics of 4-ethynyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivatives
Authors: Pradhan Asit Kumar , Ray Manaswini , Parthasarathy Venkatakrishnan , Mishra Ashok Kumar
Published: October 2023

Photophysical and fluorescence polarization properties of a set of pull–pull and push–pull type π-conjugated phenylethynyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivatives.
CO adsorption on MgO thin-films: formation and interaction of surface charged defects
Authors: da Silva Alvim Raphael , Borges Jr. Itamar , Alves Rita Maria Brito , Capaz Rodrigo B. , Leitão Alexandre Amaral
Published: October 2023

DFT calculations to determine the formation nature of different point defects and their interaction arising from reduction and oxidation conditions and different charge states toward the CO adsorption on the MgO thin-film surface.
Gold(iii) derivatives as the noncovalent interaction donors: theoretical study of the π-hole regium bonds
Authors: Yan Jiajing , Zeng Yanli , Meng Lingpeng , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Xueying
Published: October 2023

The electrophilicity of trichloro-(p-toluonitrilo-N)-gold(iii) derivatives and the nature of π-hole regium bonds in the binary complexes and polymers have been investigated.
One-step construction of hexagonal WO3 nano-shuttles with enhanced lithium storage performance
Authors: Dong Fangyuan , Dong Xuelu , Fu Chonggang , Tao Shuo , Li Haibo , Zeng Suyuan , Wang Lei
Published: October 2023

WO3 nano-shuttles were prepared and used as anode of Li-ion battery. A reversible capacity of 614.7 mA h g−1 was achieved after 300 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. The intrinsic tunnels and mesoporous characteristics are conducive to lithium ion intercalation.
Synthesis of fluorinated aminium cations coupled with carborane anions for use as strong one-electron oxidants
Authors: Davidson Jillian J. , Gunther S. Olivia , Leong Derek W. , Ozerov Oleg V.
Published: October 2023

Synthesis of a series of hydrocarbon-soluble triarylamines bearing F, CF3, and Br substituents showing quasi-reversible redox events in the 0.59–1.32 V range is reported. A few have been isolated as [HCB11Cl11]− salts.
Naphthoyl benzhydrazine–decorated binuclear arene Ru(ii) complexes as anticancer agents targeting human breast cancer cells
Authors: Abirami Arunachalam , Devan Umapathy , Ramesh Rengan , Antony Joseph Velanganni Arockiam , Grzegorz Małecki Jan
Published: October 2023

An array of arene binuclear ruthenium(ii) benzhydrazine complexes were constructed to demonstrate their cytotoxicity against different human breast cancer cells. Various biochemical assays established that the complexes induce apoptosis mechanism.
In vivo and in vitro studies of [M(η6-pseudoerlotinib)2]+ sandwich complexes (M = Re, 99mTc)
Authors: Battistin Federica , Fernandes Célia , Raposinho Paula. D. , Blacque Olivier , Paulo António , Alberto Roger
Published: October 2023

We have incorporated a tyrosine kinase inhibitor into Re and 99mTc complexes with minimal changes to its structure. Having two inhibitors was more effective than one with 10× smaller value of IC50 against A431 cells.
Per and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) target and EOF analyses in ski wax, snowmelts, and soil from skiing areas
Authors: Müller Viktoria , Andrade Costa Larissa Cristine , Rondan Filipe Soares , Matic Eleonora , Mesko Marcia Foster , Kindness Andrew , Feldmann Jörg
Published: October 2023

Per and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are found in ski waxes, snow from skiing areas and Alpine soil.
Atomically precise metal nanoclusters as catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Okada Tomoshige , Hirayama Daisuke , Negishi Yuichi
Published: October 2023

Electrochemical CO2 reduction using metal nanoclusters has attracted much attention because it can convert CO2 into several organic compounds using renewable energy sources.
Cascade fractionation of birch into xylose, glucan oligomers, and noncondensed lignin improved using microwave assistance and molten salt hydrates
Authors: Xie Xinyi , Wang Xiangyu , Ouyang Xinping , Liu Qiyu , Qiu Xueqing
Published: October 2023

Microwave-assisted isolations of hemicellulose, cellulose dissolutions in LiBr-MSH to separate out lignin, and cellulose hydrolysis were proposed to fractionate birch lignocelluloses into xylose, glucan oligomers, and noncondensed lignin.
Scale-up preparation, column chromatography-free purification of protected carbonyl-containing biomass molecules and their derivatizations
Authors: Huang Lei , Li Chen , An Zhidong , Zhang Heqi , Vlachos Dionisios G. , Li Jiang
Published: October 2023

An efficient, column chromatography-free route for scale-up preparation of protected carbonyl containing biomass molecules is established. Then the protection group effect is investigated in multiple systems especially under a reducing atmosphere.
An oxygen-generating metal organic framework nanoplatform as a “synergy motor” for extricating dilemma over photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Meihong , Zhou Yixian , Wu Biyuan , Lu Chao , Quan Guilan , Huang Zhengwei , Wu Chuanbin , Pan Xin
Published: October 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with metal organic frameworks (MOFs) addresses current obstacles.
Self-assembly of hierarchical porous structure for stretchable superhydrophobic films by delicately controlling the surface energy
Authors: Hou Shuhan , Noh Insub , Yue Meng , Wang Yanbin , Kim Hyung Do , Ohkita Hideo , Wang Biaobing
Published: October 2023

The self-assembly of hierarchical porous structures was achieved by delicately controlling the surface energy. With this strategy, a PAI–TPU/m-SiO2 superhydrophobic surface exhibited excellent mechanical robustness and durability.
Superprotonic conductivity in RbH2−3y(PO4)1−y: a phosphate deficient analog to cubic CsH2PO4 in the (1 − x)RbH2PO4 – xRb2HPO4 system
Authors: Xiong Grace , Wang Louis S. , Haile Sossina M.
Published: October 2023

The compounds RbH2PO4 and Rb5H7(PO4)4 display eutectoid behavior, with superprotonic α-RbH2−3y(PO4)1−y forming at a eutectoid temperature of 244 °C in a cubic, CsCl-type structure with a high concentration of phosphate vacancies.
Loss-free pulverization by confining copper oxide inside hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages toward superb potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Guanghai , Liu Jia , Ma Shenglan , Zhou Changkai , Jiang Jietao , Shen Zhen , Yan Lijie , Guo Yue , Yang Lijun , Wu Qiang , Wang Xizhang , Hu Zheng
Published: October 2023

Confining CuO inside hierarchical N-doped carbon nanocages forms unique yolk-shelled CuO@hNCNC hybrids, which realizes the loss-free pulverization of the active components during charge/discharge and superb potassium storage thereof.
Gold nanorods incorporated into a MoS2/Fe3O4 nanocomposite for photothermal therapy and drug delivery
Authors: Shariati Behdad , Goodarzi Mohammad Taghi , Jalali Alireza , Salehi Nasrin , Mozaffari Majid
Published: October 2023

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as an advanced photoabsorbing agent has attracted considerable attention for use in cancer therapy.
The synthesis and topochemical polymerization of o-carborane-based diacetylene macrocycles
Authors: Fu Meigui , Yuan Shuai , Qu Qi , Yuan Yaofeng , Lin Caixia , Geng Yanhou
Published: October 2023

A kind of unique porous o-carborane-based diacetylene macrocycle was synthesized to access covalent conjugated polydiacetylenes through topochemical polymerization.
In situ-engineered coral-like multiphase NC@NiCoCu–N/NCF nanoarrays for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Yang Yaoxia , Zhang Lan , Guo Fengyao , Wang Dangxia , Guo Xingwei , Zeng Wei , Sun Dongfei
Published: October 2023

N-doped carbon-coated polyphase metal nitride composite was prepared in situ on nickel-cobalt foam via a simple hydrothermal method and high-temperature decomposition nitriding method as an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for the HER.
Synthesis of meta-arylphenol derivatives via acid-promoted rearrangement of cyclohexadienones
Authors: Xie Hongyan , Zhang Minxiang , Fang Xueyu , Yan Zhaohua , Yao Hua
Published: October 2023

A highly selective acid-promoted aryl [1,2]-rearrangement of 4-methyl-4-aryl-2,5-cyclohexadienones with 37% HCl in Ac2O was developed, and the corresponding polysubstituted meta-arylphenyl acetates were smoothly generated in 75–94% yields.
Monomer-controlled self-switchable polymerization: a metal-free strategy for synthesizing multiblock copolymers from epoxides, O-phthalaldehyde, and CO2
Authors: Zhang Qi , Niu Mingxin , Zhang Haotian , Hu Chenyang , Pang Xuan
Published: October 2023

The preparation of multiblock copolymers is facilitated by monomer-controlled self-switchable terpolymerization.
Advances in research on the inhibitory effect of 3D current collector structures for lithium dendrites
Authors: Xiang Song-Bai , Fu Yu , Yin Chengri , Hou Yue , Tian Hailing , Yin Zhenxing
Published: October 2023

The structural advantages and disadvantages of various 3D current collectors are summarized to provide suggestions for the future development of anode in lithium metal batteries.
Reversible structural transformation of supramolecular inorganic–organic hybrid glasses and zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks
Authors: Ali Mohamed. A. , Mohamed Moushira. A. , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong
Published: October 2023

Molecular metal inorganic–organic hybrid glasses and fibers have been fabricated, which showed highly polarized light after doping the network with organic dyes.
Novel decomposition of polycarbonate and effect for marine ecosystem
Authors: Koizumi Koshiro , Okabe Akifumi , Kimukai Hideki , Sato Hideto , Taguchi Hiroyuki , Nishimura Masahiko , Kwon Bum Gun , Saido Katsuhiko
Published: October 2023

Drifting plastics not only crushed into micro/nano-particles, but also PC and EPX generate monomer/BPA, BPA revealed a direct affect on the marine ecosystem.
Modulating CsPbBr3 nanocrystals encapsulated in PCN-224(Zr) for boosting full-spectrum-driven CO2 reduction: S-scheme transfer, photothermal-synergistic effect, and DFT calculations
Authors: Chen Yan-He , Shen Jin-Qiu , Chen Xiao-Lu , Tang Luobing , Zhang Na , Zhang Jian-Yong , Liu Zhen-Jiang
Published: October 2023

CsPbBr3@PCN-224(Zr) heterojunction exhibits enhanced full-spectrum-driven photocatalytic CO2RR activity promoted by S-scheme transfer and photothermal synergism with the highest CO yield and total electron consumption of 73.85 and 178.9 μmol g−1 h−1.
Swelling-induced patterning in soft microchannels
Authors: Li Haolin , Retallick Aidan , Juel Anne , Heil Matthias , Pihler-Puzović Draga
Published: October 2023

We study the effect of inflation on the swelling-induced wrinkling of thin elastic membranes in a set-up that is commonly used to create microchannels in lab-on-chip applications.
Elucidating the mechanism underlying the augmented capacity of MoO2 as an anode material in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Hua , Hao Wei , Li Tianyi , Li Xintong , Chang Kai , Zhou Xinwei , Hou Dewen , Hashem Ahmed M. , Hwang Gyeong S. , Liu Yuzi , Sun Cheng-Jun , Abdel-Ghany Ashraf E. , El-Tawil Rasha S. , Mohamed Hanaa Abuzeid , Abbas Somia M. , Mullins C. Buddie , Julien Christian M. , Zhu Likun
Published: October 2023

MoO2 nanoparticle anodes show increased capacity beyond the expected value derived from the conversion reaction due to the formation of a Li-rich layer and morphological changes that affect capacity during cycling.
Porous, robust, thermally stable, and flame retardant nanocellulose/polyimide separators for safe lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Chao , Li Chunxing , Xu Linhe , Zhou Shuang , Zhang Ze , Zhang Junxian , Soham Das , Fan Rong , Liu Hao , Chen Gang , Li Yuanyuan , Ling Tong , Li Zhipeng , Tao Jinsong , Wan Jiayu
Published: October 2023

A porous, robust, and thermally stable hybrid separator was developed to solve the dilemma between desired pore structures and mechanical properties in polyimide separators by introducing decabromodiphenyl ethane and cellulose nanofibers.
Optimizing dielectric polarization for electromagnetic wave attenuation via an enhanced Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars effect in hollow carbon microspheres
Authors: Wang Baojun , Wu Hao , Hou Wenxuan , Fang Zhifeng , Liu Heqin , Huang Fangzhi , Li Shikuo , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2023

The prepared Ni/Ni2P/CNs composites with enriched heterojunctions show excellent electromagnetic wave-absorption performances, which exceed most of the previously reported absorbers with a hollow structure.
Convolutional neural networks driving thermally enhanced upconversion luminescence for temperature sensing: achieving high accuracy and robustness across a wide temperature range
Authors: Xu Wei , Cui Junqi , Bai Fengze , Zheng Longjiang , Hu Chunhai , Zhang Zhiguo , Sun Zhen , Zhang Yungang
Published: October 2023

Thermally enhanced upconversion luminescence is achieved in GGG:Yb3+–Er3+–Cr3+ and a convolutional neural network is designed to decode temperature from emission spectra for accurate and reliable measurements over a wide temperature range.
Digitalisation and inter‐organisational information exchange strategies of German companies—A survey with focus on small and medium sized enterprises
Authors: Thiele Laura Sophie , Peters Diana
Published: October 2023

The reliability of well‐performing production processes not only depends on internal but also on external factors in the upstream supply chain. Therefore, companies require fast and reliable information exchange with cooperating organisations. Since existing researches usually put focus on reviewing intra‐organisational solutions, the authors have conducted a survey to capture the current state and needs regarding the inter‐organisational information exchange between German companies. The main outcomes of the authors’ survey are outlined. In a first step, the current status of digitalisation in the companies is analysed. The authors have found that the use and implementation of modern methods correlates positively with the company size. Taking a look on the current methods for inter‐organisational information exchange in a second step, it is seen that only a few companies are completely satisfied with their current methods. Companies see the greatest potential for the improvement of information exchange in standardisation and the increase of required resources. This indicates that companies would be best supported by the development of solutions that can be implemented easily and help to form the heterogeneous landscape of data exchange strategies towards a structured, standardised way.