bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topology on the unitary dual of completely solvable Lie groups
Authors: Poguntke Detlev
Published: August 2015

It was one of great successes of Kirillov's orbit method to see that the unitary dual of an exponential Lie group is in bijective correspondence with the orbit space associated with the linear dual of the Lie algebra of the group in question. To show that this correspondence is an homeomorphism turned out to be unexpectedly difficult. Only in 1994 H. Leptin and J. Ludwig gave a proof using the notion of variable groups. In this article their proof in the case of completely solvable Lie group is reorganized, some “philosophy” and some new arguments are added. The purpose is to contribute to a better understanding of this proof.
The Economic Integration Of The EU13 Regions Into EU Economy During The 2004–2013 Period
Authors: Kabát Libor
Published: August 2015

The aim of this paper is to study and to highlight the applicative and interpretive limits of the GDP per capita indicators, when regional economics of the new member countries (EU13), particularly the process of integration of their regions into EU economy is examined in terms of the beta and sigma convergence. The growth of gross domestic product has long been pursued as the main objective of the economic activities of countries and regions. Its growth is seen as almost a guarantee of the proper functioning of the economy. The governments of individual countries, in the event of a decline in GDP, take measures for its recovery. Small attention, however, is given to the fact, whether such an economic development copes with the parameters of sustainable economic growth. Also, little attention is paid to the study of how the previous growth is reflected in the standard of living of the population and households in respective countries and regions.
Preparation and characterization of polyurethane damping materials derived from mixed-base prepolymers containing numerous side methyls
Authors: Feng Yang , Zhou Haijun , Zhang Xiaolei , Li Yongzhen , Li Yantao
Published: August 2015

Polyurethane (PU) damping materials were prepared by mixed-base PU prepolymers and 4,4′-methylene- bis-(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) as chain extender. The prepolymer was synthesized from poly(hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate succinate) (PHPS) or polypropylene glycol 2000 (PPG-2000) with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI-100), respectively. The structure, morphology, and dynamic and static mechanical properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA), and tensile testing machine, respectively. The results indicated that the mass ratios of polyester prepolymer (PESP) and polyether prepolymer (PETP) (m
PESP/m
PETP ratio) had significantly affected the dynamic mechanical properties of the PUs. When the m
PESP/m
PETP ratio was 40/60 and 45/55, and PUs had the temperature range (ΔT) higher than 60°C for efficient loss factor (tanδ>0.4) in the DMA curve with bimodal. The phase diagrams of STM indicated that more complex combination of hard and soft segments existed in the PUs, and the segments of PESP and PETP formed irregular block structures. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of PUs were of higher value. It is believed that PUs may be used as potential damping materials.
Die Medienplattform: Ein System für gerichtete und ungerichtete semantische Suchen
Authors: Deuschel Tilman , Heuss Timm , Humm Bernhard
Published: August 2015

Die Medienplattform bietet neuartige Möglichkeiten, um Medienbestände zu entdecken. In zwei verschiedenen Anwendungsszenarien unterstützt sie unterschiedliche Suchparadigmen: Für browsingbasierte Anwendungen wird das Digitale Schlendern vorgestellt, eine Methode in der semantische Zusammenhänge von Medien als Explorationsanreiz genutzt werden. Für Anwendungen bei denen der Nutzer weiß, was er sucht, aber nicht wie das gesuchte Medium heißt, wird eine suchkontextsensitive semantische Facettierung vorgestellt.
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and management practices of acute coronary syndrome in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Dilip Chandrasekhar , Cholamugath Shinu , Baby Molniya , Pattani Danisha
Published: August 2015

Background: A prospective study of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), who met the inclusion criteria, was carried out. It was conducted in the cardiology department of tertiary care referral hospital in Kerala. An attempt was made to identify and determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients presenting with ACS and to evaluate the current treatment practice pattern of ACS and to compare it with standard treatment guidelines, thereby improving the quality of life of patients.

Methods: Data of patients who met the inclusion criteria were collected in specially designed data collection form. The form included the patient data such as demographics, risk factors, procedures performed during the hospital stay, and in-hospital and discharge drug therapy. Patients with ACS included those with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA). Descriptive statistics were performed. All statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0.

Results: A total of 100 patients were studied having mean age of 62.57 years±12.18 years. Fifty-one percent were having NSTEMI, 33% were having STEMI, and 16% were having UA. Hypertension (63%) and diabetes (51%) were more prevalent in both men and women. Smoking among males was consistently high (48.6%), being highest among adults. Cardiac procedures performed include percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 45%, coronary angiogram (CAG) in 20%, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in 7%. In-hospital medications were antiplatelets (100%), thrombolytics (28%), statins (97%), anticoagulants (80%), nitrates (73%), β-blocker (32%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (6%), angiotensin receptor blocker (9%), potassium opener (7%), vasodilator (1%), calcium channel blocker (9%), α-blocker (7%), and α+β blocker (7%).

Conclusions: The contemporary profile of treatment patterns for patients with ACS indicates an improved adherence to the guidelines. The alarmingly high rate of modifiable risk factors remains a cause of concern and a challenge that needs to be tackled, as better control of cardiovascular risk factors is expected to have a favorable impact on the incidence of ACS.
Evaluation of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, phytochemical and toxicological properties of the methanolic leaf extract of commercially processed Moringa oleifera in some laboratory animals
Authors: Adedapo Adeolu Alex , Falayi Olufunke Olubunmi , Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo
Published: August 2015

Background:
Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value.

Methods: The commercially processed M. oleifera was extracted using methanol as its solvent. Phytochemical analysis as well as the anti-oxidant properties of this supplement were also investigated. Acute toxicity was carried out in fasted mice. Carrageenan and histamine tests were used to assess anti-inflammatory effects in rats, while analgesic activities were assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw lick test in mice. In the anti-oxidant tests, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferrous reducing activity power, 2,21-azinobis-(3-ethylbenthialozine)-6-sulphonic acid and total polyphenolic (TPP) assays were deployed at concentrations of 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL.

Results: The phytochemical analysis showed that the extract contained flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins and saponins. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract significantly reduced the number of writhes at 100 and 200 mg/kg but not so much at 50 mg/kg. In the formalin-induced paw lick test, the effect was similar to that of the acetic writhing test. The analgesic effects were comparable to that of indomethacin used at 10 mg/kg. In the anti-inflammatory test, the extract reduced the formation of oedema especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg. In the anti-oxidant test, the extract was found to possess a free radical-scavenging property and is concentration related.

Conclusions: The use of this extract for medicinal and nutritional purposes may have thus been justified; however, caution must be exercised in its use to prevent the toxic effect.
Exergy parametric study of carbon monoxide oxidation in moist air
Authors: Souidi Ferhat , Benmalek Toufik , Yesaad Billel , Baik Mouloud
Published: August 2015

This study aims to analyze the oxidation of carbon
monoxide in moist air from the second thermodynamic law aspect.
A mathematical model of laminar premixed flame in a stagnation point flow has
been achieved by numerical solution of the boundary layer equation using a
self-made code. The chemical kinetic mechanism for flameless combustion of
fuel, which is a mixture of carbon monoxide, oxygen, and water vapor, is
modeled by 34 elementary reactions that incorporate (09) nine chemical
species:

CO

$\mathrm {CO}$

,

O

$\mathrm {O}$

, CO2, O2,

H
2

O

$\mathrm {H}_2\mathrm {O}$

,

H

$\mathrm {H}$

,
H2, HO2, and

OH

$\mathrm {OH}$

. The salient point is that for
all the parameters we considered, the exergy of the process is completely
destroyed by irreversibilities.
From the chemical viewpoint, the

OH

$\mathrm {OH}$

radical plays an essential role in

CO

$\mathrm {CO}$

oxidation. This latter point has already been mentioned by previous investigators.
Multifrequency EPR study on radiation induced centers in calcium carbonates labeled with 13C
Authors: Sadło Jarosław , Bugaj Anna , Strzelczak Grażyna , Sterniczuk Marcin , Jaegermann Zbigniew
Published: August 2015

In calcite and aragonite, γ-irradiated at 77 K, several paramagnetic centers were generated and detected by EPR spectroscopy; in calcite, CO3
− (orthorhombic symmetry, bulk and bonded to surface), CO3
3−, NO3
2−, O3
−, and in aragonite CO2
− (isotropic and orthorhombic symmetry) depending on the type of calcium carbonate used. For calcium carbonates enriched with 13C more detailed information about the formed radicals was possible to be obtained. In both natural (white coral) and synthetic aragonite the same radicals were identified with main differences in the properties of CO2
− radicals. An application of Q-band EPR allowed to avoid the signals overlap giving the characteristics of radical anisotropy.
Spin trapping studies of essential oils in lipid systems
Authors: Makarova Katerina , Drązikowska Kinga , Suska Beata , Zawada Katarzyna , Wawer Iwona
Published: August 2015

In the present work, we report the results of a spin trapping ESR study of four essential oils widely used for skin care products such as creams and bath salts. The studied essential oils are Rosmarini aetheroleum (rosemary), Menthae piperitae aetheroleum (mint), Lavandulae aetheroleum (lavender), and Thymi aetheroleum (thyme). Fenton reaction in the presence of ethanol was used to generate free radicals. The N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) was used as a spin trap. In the Fenton reaction, the rosemary oil had the lowest effect on radical adduct formation as compared to the reference Fenton system. Since essential oils are known to be lipid soluble, we also conducted studies of essential oils in Fenton reaction in the presence of lipids. Two model lipids were used, namely 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). The obtained results suggested that in the presence of DOPC lipids, the •OH and PBN/•CHCH3(OH) radicals are formed in both phases, that is, water and lipids, and all the studied essential oils affected the Fenton reaction in a similar way. Whereas, in the DPPC system, the additional type of PBN/X (aN
= 16.1 G, aH
= 2.9 G) radical adduct was generated. DFT calculations of hyperfine splittings were performed at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)/EPR-II level of theory for the set of c-centered PBN adducts in order to identify PBN/X radical.
The acid-catalyzed interaction of melanin with nitrite ions. An EPR investigation
Authors: Matuszak Zenon , Chignell Collin F. , Reszka Krzysztof J.
Published: August 2015

The interaction of synthetic dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanin (DM) with nitrite ions, NO2
−, in the pH 3.6–7.0 range, has been investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). We found that especially at pH <5.5 (from ca. 5.5 to 3.6) the reaction of DM with nitrite generated large quantities of new melanin radicals, which implies the involvement of nitrous acid, HNO2, in the radical formation process. Measurements carried out at constant pH of 3.6 showed that the melanin signal increased together with nitrite concentration, reaching a plateau level which was more than fourfold larger compared to the initial signal amplitude observed in a nitrite-free buffer of the same pH. The effects of nitrite and DM concentrations on the melanin-free radical content were also investigated. It is proposed that the radicals are generated by one electron oxidation of melanin ortho-hydroquinone groups to ortho-semiquinones by HNO2 or related nitrogen oxides such as NO2
• radicals. The possible involvement of nitric oxide (•NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in DM oxidation was also examined. In air-free solutions, nitric oxide per se did not generate melanin radicals; however, in the presence of oxygen a marked increase in the melanin EPR signal intensity was observed. This result is interpreted in terms of the generation of radicals via the oxidation of DM by peroxynitrite. Our findings suggest that melanin can function as a natural scavenger of nitrous acid and some nitrous acid-derived species. This property may be relevant to physiological functions of melanin pigments in vivo.
Influence of Meteorological Factors on Needle Cast Damage in Young Scots Pine Stands
Authors: Polmanis Kaspars , Baumane Anita , Baumanis Imants , Luguza Solveiga
Published: August 2015

Climate changes are expected to create favourable conditions for development and spread of diseases. Therefore, the impact of meteorological factors on needle cast damage, and relationship between degree of damage and growth of trees had been assessed in the study. Analysis was carried out in open-pollinated progeny trial of Norupe seed orchard clones, established in the spring of 2006, in Ltd. “Rīgas meži” (LLC “Riga Forests”). In this trial needle cast damage was assessed in three consecutive years using a fivegrade scale, dependent on the level of damages on current year needles. At the end of each growing season a tree height was measured. Plantation was significantly affected by infection average more than 66% of current year damaged by the disease. Significant (p<0.001) correlation was detected between the degree of needle cast damage and tree height increment as well as the tree height. Significant (p<0.001) differences in needle cast infection level as well as tree height and height increment were found also between open-pollinated families. The results suggest a potentially increasing needle cast infection due to predicted increase of temperature and precipitation, as well as the potential to select more resistant families against damages of this disease in tree breeding process.
Preparation and fluid drag reduction properties of superhydrophobic paper-based films comprising carbon nanotubes and fluoropolymers
Authors: Ma Weiwei , Zhou Zhiping , Li Ping
Published: August 2015

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were successfully prepared using chemical vapor deposition method on nickel-coated silicon substrates. The CNTs were then modified to obtain functionalized ends. Afterward, acrylate polymers were successfully grafted on the surface of CNTs by atom transfer radical polymerization method. The synthesis process was optimized by studying the surface properties of the composite films. It revealed the existence of chemical bonding between CNTs and polymers. The introduction of CNTs into polymers could improve the water resistance of films. Micro/nano and papillary structures similar to that of lotus leaf were obtained when the polymer matrix was partly etched. The excellent fluid drag reduction performances of film surfaces were expected to be applied in microfluid devices and packaging field.
Review of Speaking hatefully: Culture, communication, and political action in Hungary
Authors: Kvam Dani
Published: August 2015

This review discusses the major contributions of David Boromisza-Habashi’s (2013) book, Speaking hatefully: Culture, communication, and political action in Hungary to the study of hate speech, public discourse, and ways in which culture makes both meaningful. In particular, this review describes how Boromisza-Habashi’s book makes novel claims about a commonly employed communication practice, hate speech, by treating the Hungarian political context as a cultural context and the political discourse that populates this context as cultural discourse. Although the book offers many contributions to diverse interests and literatures, this review names the author’s discussion of context, key symbol analysis, and offer of counsel as the book’s most compelling contributions. Additionally, this review offers a brief critique of the book, calling for more details about the “authoring unity” solution proposed to unify opposing parties in the hate speech debates. Ultimately, this review highlights the exceptional quality of the book and its potential utility for EC and public discourse scholars.
Ein kompakter Tastschnittsensor als Teil eines
Multi-Sensor-Systems für
Nanomessmaschinen
Authors: Hofmann Norbert , Mastylo Rostyslav , Manske Eberhard , Theska René
Published: August 2015

Es wurde ein
Tastschnittsensor zum Einsatz in der Nanomess- und
Nanopositioniermaschine NMM-1 als Teil eines
Multi-Sensor-Konzeptes
entwickelt. Um die Einbindung in einen vorhandenen
automatisierten Sensorwechsler zu ermöglichen, war
ein besonders kompakter Aufbau erforderlich. Der
Tastschnittsensor nutzt zwei kreisförmige,
strukturierte Stahlmembranen zur Führung des Taststiftes und ein
Laser-Fokussensor zur Messung der
Auslenkung. Zum Funktionsnachweis und zur Ermittlung der
messtechnischen Eigenschaften wurde der Sensor in die
NMM-1 integriert. Die Messung
verschiedener Proben zeigte eine Reproduzierbarkeit im Bereich von wenigen
Nanometern.
„Ethik des ‚Reiches Gottes‘ “
Authors: Danz Christian
Published: August 2015

This contribution analyzes the connection between Tillich’s eschatology and morality against the historical background of Immanuel Kant and Albrecht Ritschl. Both in his early and in his later work, Tillich connects the idea of the kingdom of God with his own historical context and with the knowledge of the changing character of all historical norms.
La radicalité eschatologique de l’éthique et la dimension théonomique de l’autonomie.
Authors: Müller Denis
Published: August 2015

Tillichian correlation tendency presents undeniable advantages towards a nuanced and dynamic articulation of philosophy and theology, and as such of ethics and religion. Nonetheless, there are reasons to wonder whether the modern rediscovery of apocalyptic and eschatological discourse in the heart of theological thinking will not create new tensions that might subvert the conception of ethics in itself. Can we reconsider this critical dialectic with tillichian categories, or must we also touch on this problematic under a new angle?
Die politische Ethik Paul Tillichs
Authors: Scheliha Arnulf von
Published: August 2015

The following essay reconstructs Tillich’s political ethics during the period of Weimar until the end of World War II (1919-1945). After a short introduction into his early understanding of theological ethics and normativity selected publications and statements are discussed with special respect to the topics Democracy, Religious Socialism and human rights. Thus Tillich’s theological reason in combination with his view on contemporary political questions indicates a development in mutual dependency. It also shows his theological basis as the main protection against ideological thinking especially in regard to the thoughts and consequences within German National Socialism.
„Wenn aber die vulkanischen Kräfte aufwachen…“
Authors: Christophersen Alf
Published: August 2015

The theological “eschatologism” of the 1920’s can be described as a radical criticism of traditionally spoken language and a rapid expansion of the historio-semantic universe. In the discourses on the interpretation of time in the Weimar Republic, ‘kairos’ experienced a unique career. The fascinating openness of the word’s concept made it very attractive from a linguistic point of view, but it also meant that it was vulnerable to a takeover by the intellectual elements connected with the National Socialist seizure of power that endeavored to make it their own. This essay picks out one of the most central elements within the kairos discourse: it analyzes both connections between Paul Tillich and controversial sociologist Hans Freyer from Leipzig while presenting contrasts of philosophy of life, political romanticism and religious socialism.
„Wir alle sind von Hause aus Nominalisten.“
Authors: Röbel Marc
Published: August 2015

This paper works out Tillich’s discussion of Nominalism as a base of contrast, against which his own thought developed. This is true for what he called his “constructive ontology” in his American period, during which he replaced the transcendental philosophical approach to meaning of his early period. But he also began to sketch this out already in his early writings, especially in his historical interpretation of the late medieval direction of thought. One can also find this in his analysis of culture and ask how it affects his present philosophical relevance.
Unbedingtsetzung von Bedingtem.
Authors: Raatz Georg
Published: August 2015

Why is religion vulnerable to fundamentalism? This question plays no significant role in the current empiric and historical rather than religio-theoretical research. At first the article reconstructs structures of Tillich’s concept of religious fundamentalism in his later works. In a second step it scrutinizes elements of Tillich’s Religionsphilosophie (1925), which are relevant to a theory of the conditions of the possibility of religious fundamentalism, even to the present debate. The central thesis is: Religious fundamentalism grounds on the confusion of absoluteness with relativeness.
An der engen Pforte der historischen Methode vorbei …
Authors: Sturm Erdmann
Published: August 2015

This edition shows the problems associated with Tillich’s habilitation in Halle (1914- 16), and provides details of his subsequent “Umhabilitierungen” (transfers of habilitation) from Halle to Berlin and Marburg. Tillich had been obliged to write his habilitation thesis on supernaturalism as a historical study, but he wrote it as a purely logical and dialectical work from the standpoint of Schelling’s philosophy of identity. That was the conclusion of the referees of his thesis (Kattenbusch, Loofs, Lütgert). But Lütgert’s argument helped in getting the work accepted. Tillich’s anti-supernaturalism is reflected in his correspondence with E. Hirsch. In January 1919, Tillich was allowed to change from Halle to Berlin (“because of economic reasons”). Another “Umhabilitierung”, this time to Marburg, was made in 1924 although Tillich would have preferred to stay in Berlin.
Non-Minimally Conformally Coupling Cosmology with Multiple Vacua Potential with Cubic-Quintic-Septic Duffing Oscillator Properties
Authors: El-Nabulsi Rami Ahmad
Published: August 2015

The dynamics of a flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) cosmological model with a barotropic matter is studied, which is dominated by an oscillating scalar field conformally coupled to the gravity with a scalar potential characterised by multiple vacua. Several motivating consequences are observed and discussed accordingly.
Conditional Similarity Reduction Method and Complex Wave Excitations for a High-Dimensional Nonlinear System
Authors: Lin Fu-Zhong , Ma Song-Hua
Published: August 2015

With the help of the conditional similarity reduction method, a new family of complex wave solutions with q=lx + my + kt + Γ(x, y, t) for the (2+1)-dimensional modified dispersive water-wave (MDWW) system are obtained. Based on the derived solitary wave solution, some novel complex wave localised excitations are investigated.
The ‘microliths’ from the Isles of Scilly and the continental Mesolithic: similar yet still so different
Authors: Crombé Philippe
Published: August 2015

There is little doubt that the small lithic assemblage from the Isles of Scilly is totally different to that from any other Mesolithic site in Britain. As the authors correctly state, the general resemblances to trapeze-dominated assemblages from the continent, in particular to the Late and Final Mesolithic industries from northern France, Belgium and the southern Netherlands, are very obvious. Typologically, the majority of armatures relate to continental rhombic trapezes, called ‘trapèzes à bases décalées’. Upon closer examination, however, several armatures display morphological or technical features that deviate from continental trapezes, making the Scilly assemblage both unique and enigmatic within north-west Europe. In particular, the presence of a dorsally or ventrally retouched base between both truncations on at least 20 of the armatures (p. 962, fig. 5) is remarkable. This is a feature that does not occur on continental trapezes, not even on the evolved rhombic trapezes known as flèches de Dreuil. The latter are particularly numerous in assemblages from the Somme valley (Ducrocq 1991), near the coast where the Channel crossing is narrowest. The combination of a length–width ratio typically <1 and the general use of flakes as blanks prompts us to interpret these implements as transverse arrowheads rather than standard trapezes. Pursuing this interpretation, the basal retouch might have been applied in order to facilitate their hafting, while the irregular small ‘splinters’ on the unretouched opposite end, visible on several of the drawings, might correspond to damage resulting from use.
The end of ‘splendid isolation’: a continental perspective on the Old Quay discovery
Authors: Marchand Grégor
Published: August 2015

The discovery of Mesolithic arrowheads on the Isles of Scilly with clearly continental European roots challenges the most deeply embedded ideas of Mesolithic specialists. While the disturbed stratigraphic context prevents a full understanding of the complete technical system, we must draw some conclusions regarding the Neolithic transition, and the ways and means of prehistoric navigation. At a more methodological level, this important discovery raises questions about our reading of features of technology, such as the nature of the transfers and whether they were exchanges or copies.
UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL INTERACTIONS OF MICROBES USING TRANSCRIPTOMICS : A CODICIL
Authors: Saran Tirumalai Prem
Published: August 2015

Sociobiology of microbes is an emerging branch of science that has delivered interesting and intriguing research findings over the last few years. The revelations are such that the research perspective of microbes is gradually drifting from pure culture analysis to community analysis. We review to substantiate the need for microbial socio-bio studies and codicil the decade long research pursuit and their findings using advanced technologies of Microarrays and Next Generation Sequencing, prompting for more lunge in transcriptomic and metatranscriptomic studies.
PRODUCTION OF LIPASES IN SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION BY Aspergillus niger F7-02 WITH AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES
Authors: Quadri Adio Olayinka , Olateju Kareem Sarafdeen , Bamitale Osho Michael , Mobolaji Omemu Adebukola
Published: August 2015

In this study mould strains screened and molecularly identified as Aspergillus niger F7-02 was used to produced extracellular lipase in Solid State Fermentation (SSF) process. Different agricultural residues were combined in different ratios as carbon, nitrogen and elemental sources in the solid culture medium. The optimization of the culture medium was carried out for such parameters as incubation time (24 h - 96 h), inoculum concentration (0.5 – 3.0%, w/v), initial moisture content (40 – 70%, w/v), and initial pH (6 – 8) for maximum yield. The maximum lipase activity of 76.7 U/ml was obtained with a medium containing rice bran (RB), palm kernel cake (PKC), groundnut cake (GNC) and starch (S) at the ratio of 5:5:3:1 (%w/w) with optimum conditions of 60% moisture, 1% inoculum and a pH of 7.0 with an incubation temperature of 30 oC and incubation time of 72 h.
THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND WATER ACTIVITY OF TRANSFERRED CHEESE (UF)
Authors: Dalvi Esfahan Mohsen , Jahangiri Yasamin , Kaviani Mehdi , Hleba LukÃ¡Å¡ , Ali Shariati Mohammad
Published: August 2015

Few data are available on the thermophysical properties of cheese in the ripening process.The main objective of this work was to investigate the effects of brining and temperature on the thermophysical properties, i.e., thermal conductivity, specific heat, density and water activity of UF cheese and finally we measure surface heat transfer coefficient .Then we develop models for thermophysical properties based on physical and multiple regression concept .
COMPARISON OF MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF READY-TO-EAT DELICATESSEN PRODUCT WITH RESPECT TO STORAGE TEMPERATURE
Authors: Kunová Simona , Kačániová Miroslava , Kluz Maciej , Lopašovský Ä½ubomÃ­r
Published: August 2015

The aim of the present study was to evaluate microbiological quality of ready-to-eat (RTE) delicatessen food. Microbiological parameter were determined in 24 samples together. The safety of ready-to-eat food is an important issue. Improper handling of ready-to-eat food items may result in foodborne diseases outbreaks. Total Viable Count (TVC), coliforms bacteria (CB), microscopic filamentous fungi and yeasts (MFFaY) were determined. Plate dilution method with individual culture conditions was used for microorganisms cultivation. The minimal value of TVC in delicatessen products was 2.25 log CFU.g-1 in sample no. 4 after opening and maximal value was 5.61 log CFU.g-1 in sample no. 8 after 3 days of storage at 15 °C. The minimal value of MFFaY in RTE delicatessen products was < 1 log CFU.g-1 in sample no. 3 after opening and maximal value was 6.1 log CFU.g-1 in sample no. 7, after 3 days of storage at 15 °C. Sample no. 1 and 8 after storage of products at 4 °C weren't in accordance with Codex Alimentarius of Slovak Republic (2006). Only sample no. 2 after storage at 15 °C meets requirements of Codex Alimentarius of Slovak Republic (2006). The values of CB in all samples of delicacy products were lower than 1 log CFU.g-1 (10 CFU.g-1) after opening, after storage at 4 °C and 15°C. All samples were in accordance with Codex Alimentarius of Slovak Republic (2006).
Is a New Protocol for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Research or Standard Therapy?
Authors: Dekking Sara A. S. , van der Graaf Rieke , de Vries Martine C. , Bierings Marc B. , van Delden Johannes J. M. , Kodish Eric , Lantos John D.
Published: August 2015

In the United States, doctors generally develop new cancer chemotherapy for children by testing innovative chemotherapy protocols against existing protocols in prospective randomized trials. In the Netherlands, children with leukemia are treated by protocols that are agreed upon by the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group. Periodically, the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group revises its protocols. Sometimes, these revisions are categorized as research, sometimes as treatment. In this Ethics Rounds, we analyze whether enrollment in a new protocol ought to be considered research and, if so, we discuss the implications of that designation. Our discussion highlights the different ways different countries approach complex issues of research ethics.
The collective voice: Legitimation strategies in focus group discussions with nurses in municipal palliative care for older people in Sweden
Authors: Rahm Henrik , Andersson Magdalena , Edberg Anna-Karin
Published: August 2015

This paper explores focus group discussions of registered nurses in municipal palliative care for older people, using data collected by researchers with an interest in health sciences. The linguistically based discourse analyis builds on a combination of Bakhtinian notions of dialogicity, the Other and addressivity, the use of quotations, and also van Leeuwen's framework for legitimation in discourse. The aim is to investigate strategies of addressing and legitimizing palliative care. Three types of narrative are discerned: the cautionary tale, fictionalization of professional experiences and the enactment of a fictive dialogue. The other professions involved (physicians, assistant nurses) are positioned as the Other as a means of legitimizing the perspectives of the registered nurses. As the patients and their next of kin are the objects of professional activities, the notion of the Third (connecting to the Other) is proposed. The objectification is a manifestation of commitment with routinized and professional distance to the patients.
Inksto transplantektomija: ypatumai, komplikacijos ir įtaka tolesnei lėtinės inkstų ligos gydymo raidai
Authors: Ramonas Henrikas , Bazarauskaitė Rosita , Kučinskis Genadijus , Želvys Arūnas
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: transplantektomija, pakartotina transplantacija, lėtinė inkstų liga. Tikslas. Darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti inksto transplantato pašalinimo operacijų indikacijas bei komplikacijas ir transplantektomijos įtaką pakartotinų transplantacijų atlikimui bei išgyvenamumui. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Retrospektyviai išanalizuoti pacientų, sergančių lėtine inkstų liga išeičių stadijoje, gydymo eiga atlikus inkstų transplantektomijas nuo 1999 iki 2013 m. Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikose, vertinant transplantektomijų atlikimo indikacijas, komplikacijas ir šių operacijų įtaką pakartotinų transplantacijų atlikimui ir išgyvenamumui. Per šį laikotarpį 81 pacientui buvo atliktos 88 inkstų transplantektomijos operacijos. Ligonių vidutinis amžius 39,70 ± 1,44 m. Po pirmosios inksto transplantacijos transplantatas pašalintas 73 (82,96 proc.) atvejais, po kadaverinio inksto transplantacijos transplantektomija atlikta 70 (79,55 proc.), dėl urgentinių indikacijų ši operacija atlikta 19 (21,59 proc.) atvejų. Tyrimo tikslas pasiektas įvertinus transplantektomijos ypatumus atskleidžiant operacijos indikacijų, komplikacijų bei pakartotinų transplantacijų atlikimo ir išgyvenamumo sąsajas su demografiniais, klinikiniais ligonių, sergančių lėtine inkstų liga ir gydomų atliekant inkstų transplantaciją, aspektais. Rezultatai. Nustatyta, kad pacientų, kuriems transplantektomijas teko atlikti urgentiškai, kūno masės vidurkis didesnis, palyginti su planingų operacijų atvejais, atitinkami 25,34 ir 22,17 (skirtumas statistiškai patikimas, p < 0,01). Dažniausiai urgentiškai inksto transplantatas pašalintas dėl jo kraujagyslių trombozės. Pooperacinės komplikacijos pasireiškė po 14 (15,9 proc.) operacijų, dažniausiai jos infekcinio pobūdžio. Pacientų su operacinėmis komplikacijos kūno masės indekso vidurkis didesnis, palyginti su kitais, atitinkamai 25,21 ir 22,44 (skirtumas statistiškai patikimas, p < 0,05). Dėl intraoperacinių ir pooperacinių komplikacijų mirė 3 (3,71 proc.) pacientai. Po transplantato pašalinimo operacijos laikotarpyje nuo 15 iki 1 metų pakartotinos transplantacijos atliktos 35 (43,75 proc.) pacientams, dažniausiai per pirmuosius trejus metus. Tuo pačiu laikotarpiu iš stebimų pacientų mirė 18 (22,5 proc.), pusė jų – per pirmuosius trejus metus. Grupės pacientų, kuriems atlikta pakartotina inkstų transplantacija, amžiaus vidurkis 33,66 ± 2,1 m., o mirusių pacientų grupės šis rodiklis – 49,44 ± 3,02 m. (p = 0,0001). Išvados. Didesnis kūno masės indeksas yra rizikos veiksnys, lemiantis transplantektomijų urgentiškumą ir dažnesnes pooperacines komplikacijas. Vidutinis pacientų amžius yra patikimas veiksnys prognozuojant pakartotinų transplantacijų ir mirštamumo dažnį po transplantektomijų.
Chirurginės komplikacijos po inkstų transplantacijos
Authors: Želvys Arūnas , Vilimas Juozas , Manikas Martynas
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: inkstų transplantacija, pooperacinės komplikacijos. Darbo tikslas. Apžvelgti VUL SK atliktų inkstų transplantacijų ankstyvojo pooperacinio periodo komplikacijas bei palyginti jas su kitų analogiškų tyrimų duomenimis. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Retrospektyviai analizuoti 236 pacientai, kuriems 2010–2014 metais atlikta inkstų transplantacija VUL SK Urologijos centre. Aprašytos chirurginės komplikacijos ankstyvuoju (1 mėn.) pooperaciniu periodu. Jos padalintos į urologines ir kitas komplikacijas. Inksto funkcionavimas ir atliktos transplantatektomijos visiems pacientams stebėtos iki pat tyrimo pabaigos. Rezultatai. Pacientų amžiaus vidurkis 41,77 (SN = ±14,65). 196 (83,1 proc.) pacientams tai buvo pirmoji inkstų transplantacija, 36 (15,5 proc.) – antroji, 4 (1,7 proc.) – trečioji. Vidutinis inksto iš kadaverinio donoro išemijos laikas – 17 val. 34 min. (SN = ±4 val. 24 min.), iš gyvo donoro – 56,46 min. (SN = ±16,14 min.). 109 (46,19 proc.) pacientai turėjo bent vieną komplikaciją po inkstų transplantacijos. 56 (23,7 proc.) pacientai turėjo bent vieną urologinę komplikaciją. 67 (28,39 proc.) pacientai turėjo bent vieną kitą komplikaciją. Dažniausia komplikacija tarp visų pacientų buvo ūminis pielonefritas – 9,75 proc., dažniausia komplikacija tarp inkstą iš gyvo donorų gavusių recipientų buvo hematoma – 17,5 proc., dažniausia komplikacija tarp inkstą iš kadaverinio donoro gavusių recipientų buvo ūminis pielonefritas ir limfocelė – po 10,2 proc. Nuo išemijos laiko statistiškai patikimai priklausė urosepsio, anastomozės nesandarumo, hematomų, limfocelės komplikacijų dažnis. Ilgėjant išemijos laikui, komplikacijų buvo daugiau. Priklausomai nuo to, kelinta transplantacija pacientui atlikta, duomenys statistiškai reikšmingai koreliavo su ūminiu pielonefritu (p = 0,023) – 9,18 proc. atliekant pirmąją transplantaciją, 8,33 proc. atliekant antrąją ir 50 proc. atliekant trečiąją. Nuo transplantuoto inksto akmenligės statistiškai reikšmingai priklausė urosepsio ir pielonefrito dažnis – 50 proc. pacientų su inkstų akmenlige sirgo ūminiu pielonefritu, o 25 proc. – sepsiu. Su obstrukcine hidronefroze 63,63 proc. recipientų sirgo ūminiu pielonefritu, o 18,18 proc. – sepsiu. Mūsų duomenimis, urologinių komplikacijų dažniau pasitaikė recipientams, gavusiems inkstą iš kadaverinių nei iš gyvų donorų, nors tai nebuvo statistiškai reikšminga; didėjant amžiui, taip pat daugėjo urologinių komplikacijų. Arterijos trombozė pasitaikė 2,12 proc. recipientų, arterijos stenozė – 4,24 proc., venos trombozė – 3,81 proc., limfocelė – 9,32 proc. Išvados. Chirurginės komplikacijos po inkstų transplantacijos pasitaiko dažnai, tačiau jų dažnis VUL SK neviršyja kitų centrų rodiklių. Kraujavimo sukeltos komplikacijos buvo dažnesnės ir gali būti sąlygotos aktyvios profilaktinės perioperacinės heparinizacijos. Ilgėjant išemijos laikui ir atliekant pakartotines inkstų transplantacijas, komplikacijų daugėja. Esant inkstų akmenligei ir obstrukcinei uropatijai, recipientams dažniau pasireiškė pielonefritas ir sepsis.
AB0 nesuderinamumas neturi įtakos ankstyvam inkstų transplantato funkcionavimui po gyvų donorų organų transplantacijos
Authors: Maliukevičiūtė Indrė , Bagarauskytė Roberta , Rimševičius Laurynas , Griškevičius Antanas , Audzijonienė Judita , Želvys Arūnas , Jankevičius Feliksas , Anisko Sigita , Rudminienė Ilona , Vareikienė Loreta , Aleknienė Dalia , Ašakienė Eglė , Miglinas Marius
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: inksto transplantacija, nesuderinamos kraujo grupės. Tyrimo tikslas. Apžvelgti pirmąsias gyvo donoro nesuderinamos kraujo grupės (AB0n) inksto transplantacijas Lietuvoje; įvertinti pacientų, kuriems buvo atlikta nesuderinamos kraujo grupės inksto transplantacija, alografto funkcijos rodiklius ir palyginti juos su kontroline grupe pacientų, kuriems atlikta transplantacija iš suderinamos kraujo grupės (AB0s) donoro. Metodika. Atlikta retrospektyvinė paruošimo transplantacijai ir jos rezultatų analizė 10 pacientų, kuriems 2010–2014 m. VUL SK persodintas netapačios kraujo grupės inkstas. Transplantato funkcijos rodiklių dinamika lyginta su kontroline grupe, kurią sudarė 22 asmenys, kuriems per tą patį laikotarpį buvo atliktos tapačios kraujo grupės inksto transplantacijos. Rezultatai. Į analizę įtrauktos 32 inkstų transplantacijos iš gyvo donoro. 9 iš 10 AB0n grupės recipientų buvo pasiektas tikslinis <1:8 IgG titras atliekant antigenui specifiškas imunoadsorbcijas bei dviem iš jų taikytos papildomos plazmaferezės procedūros. Abejose grupėse po vieną transplantatą buvo prarasta ankstyvuoju potransplantaciniu periodu dėl alografto trombozės. Nustatytas AB0n grupei palankesnis statistiškai patikimas skirtumas po Tx praėjus 6 mėn. (pagal CKD-EPI ir MDRD formules atitinkamai p = 0,038 ir p = 0,044). Lyginant transplantato funkcijos rodiklius kitais laikotarpiais, statistiškai patikimo skirtumo nenustatyta (p > 0,05). Vertinant proteinuriją visais periodais, statistiškai reikšmingas skirtumas tarp grupių taip pat nenustatytas (p > 0,05). Išvada. AB0n inksto transplantacija ankstyvuoju potransplantaciniu periodu efektyvumu nenusileidžia AB0s kraujo grupių inksto transplantacijai.
Helicobacter pylori atsparumas antibiotikams vaikų amžiuje
Authors: Aužbikienė Renata , Kirslienė Jūratė , Sakalinskienė Jūratė , Ruževičienė Danguolė , Bernatonienė Genovaitė , Urbonas Vaidotas
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: H. pylori, atsparumas antibiotikams, vaikai. Daugelyje šalių pastebimas didėjantis Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) atsparumas antibiotikams, ypač vaikų amžiuje. Tai nulemta augančio antibiotikų vartojimo. Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti Helicobacter pylori pirminį atsparumą antibiotikams Lietuvoje, gautus rezultatus palyginti su seniau atliktais tyrimais. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Į tyrimą įtraukti nuo 2013 metų rugsėjo iki 2015 metų balandžio Vaikų ligoninėje, VšĮ Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų filiale (toliau – Vaikų ligoninė) gydyti vaikai. Atrankos kriterijai: vaikai, besiskundžiantys pilvo skausmu, dispepsija ar nustatyta neaiškios kilmės anemija; atlikta fibrogastroskopija ir gautas teigiamas ureazės testas, anksčiau netaikyta H.pylori eradikacija. Biopsijos buvo paimtos iš 137 pacientų (80 mergaičių ir 57 berniukų). Biopsijos medžiaga buvo išsėta į arklio kraujo agaro terpę ir auginama 35–37°C mikroaerobinėmis sąlygomis 4–7 dienas. Atlikti E-testai amoksicilinui (minimali slopinanti koncentracija (MIC) ≥0,125 mg/l), klaritromicinui (MIC ≥ 0,5 mg/l), metronidazoliui (MIC ≥ 8 mg/l) ir levofloksacinui (MIC ≥1 mg/l). Rezultatai. Iš 137 pasėlių augimas buvo stebimas 82 atvejais (60,4 proc.). Atsparumas vienam ar keliems antibiotikams nustatytas 41 pasėlyje. Atsparumas klaritromicinui buvo 33 (40,2 proc., metronidazoliui – 18 (22 proc.), levofloksacinui 2 (2,4 proc.), klaritromicino ir metronidazolio deriniui – 11 (13,4 proc.) atvejų. Amoksicilinui atsparumo nebuvo pastebėta. Rezultatai palyginti su 2007–2008 m. Lietuvoje atliktu tyrimu [4]: atsparumas klaritromicinui padidėjo nuo 16,8 proc. iki 40,2 proc. (p<0,05), metronidazoliui – nuo 20,7 proc. iki 22 proc. (p=0,88), abiejų vaistų deriniui nuo 4,2 proc. iki 13,4 proc. (p=0,089). Išvados. Nuo 2007–2008 m. iki 2013–2015 m. H. pylori atsparumas klaritromicinui padidėjo 2,4 kartus, o metronidazoliui padidėjo statistiškai nereikšmingai. Stebėti pavieniai atsparumo levofloksacinui atvejai, amoksicilinui atsparumo nebuvo. Padidėjęs atsparumas klaritromicinui gali būti susijęs su padidėjusiu klaritromicino suvartojimu šalyje.
Nauja membranoproliferacinio glomerulonefrito klasifikacija: vaikų atvejai Lietuvoje
Authors: Giedraitė Neringa , Besusparis Justinas , Čerkauskienė Rimantė , Masalskienė Jūratė , Jankauskienė Augustina
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: membranoproliferacinis glomerulonefritas, inksto biopsija, C3 glomerulopatija, vaikai. Membranoproliferacinis glomerulų pažeidimo tipas charekterizuojamas tipiškais specifiškais pokyčiais glomeruluose. Anksčiau šis pažeidimas buvo klasifikuojamas, remiantis pakitimais, aptinkamais elektrinėje inkstų biopsinės medžiagos mikroskopijoje. Gerėjant žinioms apie komplemento sistemą ir jo disreguliacijos priežastis, pradėta galvoti apie membranoproliferacinio glomerulonefrito (MPGN) klasifikaciją, paremtą imunofluorescenciniu tyrimu. Todėl MPGN buvo išskirtas į 2 grupes: imuninių kompleksų sąlygotas glomerulonefritas (imunokompleksinis glomerulonefritas), atsirandantis dėl padidėjusios imuninių kompleksų cirkuliacijos kraujyje, ir komplemento sąlygotas glomerulonefritas (C3 glomerulopatija), kurį sukelia alternatyvaus komplemento aktyvinimo kelio disreguliacija. Tokia klasifikacija kur kas pranašesnė klinikine prasme, nes yra paremta proceso patogeneze, o tai leidžia kryptingai pasirinkti tolesnius ištyrimo metodus ir, jei įmanoma, taikyti patogenezinį gydymą. Šiame straipsnyje aptariame naująją klasifikaciją ir jos požiūriu apžvelgiame vaikų membranoproliferacinio glomerulonefrito atvejus Lietuvoje per pastaruosius 20 metų.
Klinikinė frasier sindromo eiga ir atokūs rezultatai
Authors: Akulevičiūtė Laura , Čerkauskienė Rimantė
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: Frasier sindromas, WT1 geno mutacija, steroidams rezistentiškas nefrozinis sindromas, gonadoblastoma. Frasier sindromas – tai retas paveldimas sindromas, kuriam būdingas steroidams atsparus nefrozinis sindromas, nefroblastoma ir gonadoblastoma, nediferencijuoti išoriniai lytiniai organai, apibūdinami kaip vyriškasis pseudohermafroditizmas arba penoskrotalinė hipospadija (XY gonadų disgenezė); gali būti tik kriptorchizmas. Sindromą lemia WT1 geno (Wilmso tumoro supresinio geno), esančio 11p13 genomo srityje, mutacijos. WT1 geno mutacijos lemia Denys-Drash arba WAGR (lytinių organų anomalijos, Wilmso auglys, aniridija, protinės raidos atsilikimas) sindromus. Frasier sindromo atveju proteinurija pasireiškia pirmaisiais gyvenimo metais, vystosi nefrozinis sindromas, progresuoja židininė segmentinė lomerulosklerozė ir inkstų nepakankamumas antrajame ar trečiajame gyvenimo dešimtmetyje. Apie 40 proc. atvejų nustatomas normalus išorinis moteriškasis fenotipas, apie 13 proc. – vyriškasis fenotipas. Aprašomas vyriškos lyties paciento klinikinis atvejis, kuris pasireiškė tipiniais Frasier sindromui būdingais simptomais – hipospadija, dešinės sėklidės hipoplazija nuo pat gimimo, steroidams atspariu nefroziniu sindromu, galutiniu inkstų funkcijos nepakankamumu, nustatytu 13 metų amžiuje. Sindromas patvirtintas nustačius heterozigotinį WT1 geno genotipą 9 introne. Šiam pacientui, nors ir buvo diagnozuotas Frasier sindromas, vyriškas pseuodohermafroditizmas nepasireiškė. Mūsų klinikinis atvejis patvirtina, kad berniukams, kuriems nuo pat gimimo nustatomos lytinių liaukų vystymosi anomalijos ir steroidams atspari židininė segmentinė glomerulosklerozė, būtina atlikti WT1 geno tyrimą, nes šiems pacientams būdinga didelė lytinių liaukų tumoro išsivystymo rizika.