bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does audit quality affect auditors’ career development? Evidence from Chinese audit firms’ demise
Authors: Chen Hanwen , Feng Yang , Kou Aiju , Liu Siyi
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to test the effect of individual audit quality on career advancement the audit labour market.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses data on auditors from two collapsed audit firms in China, namely, Ruihua and Zhengzhong Zhujiang, and tests the effect of individual audit quality on career advancement in the audit labour market.

Findings

The baseline results show that high-quality audits promote auditors’ career advancement. Our results hold after a battery of robustness tests. Further analyses support our hypothesis, indicating that client retention and audit fees are positively related to auditors’ prior audit quality. The effect of audit quality on career advancement does not hold for auditors from sanctioned branch offices or for auditors with prior culpable clients, as shared reputation damage can weaken the effect of high audit quality. Furthermore, this paper investigates whether the reputation enhancement effect of high audit quality can be strengthened by auditor experience, the title of “senior auditor” and IPO auditing experience. We also show that clients and audit firms place more weight on the quality of audits conducted by auditors in competitive markets and auditors with engagements matched with industries.

Originality/value

Together, these findings indicate the vital role of individual audit quality in auditors’ career development in the audit labour market, consistent with the reputation rationale for audit quality.
Superhydrophobic coatings prepared from fluorinated silica nanoparticles and fluororesin: wetability, chemical stability, mechanical durability and water repellency
Authors: Hou Pingping , Qian Zheng , Hu Meng Xin , Liu Ji Qi , Zhang Jun , Zhao Wei , Li Xiao , Wang Yong , Huang HongYan , Ran Qian Ping
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the interfacial adhesion between superhydrophobic coatings FC-X (X = 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) and the concrete substrate, along with the impact of FC-X on the water repellency characteristics of the concrete substrate.

Design/methodology/approach

One synthetic step was adopted to prepare novel F-SiO2 NP hybrid fluororesin coating. The impact of varying mass fractions of F-SiO2 NPs on the superhydrophobicity of FC-X was analyzed and subsequently confirmed through water contact angle (WCA) measurements. Superhydrophobic coatings were simply applied to the concrete substrate using a one-step spraying method. The interfacial adhesion between FC-X and the concrete substrate was analyzed using tape pasting tests and abrasion resistance measurements. The influence of FC-X on the water repellency of the concrete substrate was investigated through measurements of water absorption, impermeability and electric flux.

Findings

FC-4% exhibits excellent superhydrophobicity, with a WCA of 157.5° and a sliding angle of 2.3°. Compared to control sample, FC-X exhibits better properties, including chemical durability, wear resistance, adhesion strength, abrasion resistance, water resistance and impermeability.

Practical implications

This study offers a thorough investigation into the practical implications of enhancing the durability and water repellency of concrete substrates by using superhydrophobic coatings, particularly FC-4%, which demonstrates exceptional superhydrophobicity alongside remarkable chemical durability, wear resistance, adhesion strength, abrasion resistance, water resistance and impermeability.

Originality/value

Through the examination of the interfacial adhesion between FC-X and the concrete substrate, along with an assessment of FC-X’s impact on the water repellency of the concrete, this paper provides valuable insights into the practical application of superhydrophobic coatings in enhancing the durability and performance of concrete materials.
Leaving loneliness alone: a brief research report on the pathways to (digital) solutions involving older adults
Authors: Guerra Sara , Ribeiro Oscar , Carvalho Rita , Sousa Liliana
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Older adults often experience loneliness as a vicious circle, in which loneliness builds more loneliness. Breaking this cycle is key to minimize the experience of loneliness. MOAI LABS is a European project that adopts a codesign process to develop digital solutions to address loneliness in older adults. This study aims to adopt a solution-based approach to capture solutions that community-dwelling older Portuguese adults who feel loneliness already experience in their lives.

Design/methodology/approach

Six individuals (aged 64–86 years) answered two solution-based questions: miracle and exceptions. Findings were obtained from one group discussion session that was audio-recorded, transcribed and submitted to qualitative analysis.

Findings

Main findings suggest that participants feel comfort in imagining their desired scenarios that involve being with their loved ones, better health conditions, adequate housing settings and contact with nature.

Originality/value

The findings highlight that leaving loneliness alone seems to be a path that may be facilitated by digital solutions that display solution-based questions, such as online platforms for social connection, virtual care and monitoring, design of smart home devices and the creation of immersive virtual reality experiences to explore nature, complemented by psychosocial support.
What's in drugs freely used by Brazilian truck drivers – “Rebites”? Determination of target and nontarget compounds by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Guizolfi Tainara , Zardo Giovana , Barbieri Rodrigo A. , Aguzzoli Cesar , Kramer Airton , de Almeida Rafael Menck , Moura Sidnei
Published: May 2024

Highways, the lifeline of the Brazilian economy, transport approximately 75% of the country's economic activity, highlighting its importance. However, professional drivers, accustomed to long daily journeys, make use of tablets widely available in Gas Station, which are known as “Rebites,” which could contain a mixture of legal and illegal compounds. Thus, this study aims at the chemical characterization of these through different analytical methods. Initially, we performed a comprehensive screening of compounds present in seven samples collected across the country using high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The findings revealed caffeine as the main compound, alongside theophylline, lidocaine, and clobenzorex, among others. In the next step, we employ quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) to quantify the caffeine content in the tablets. The results indicated a caffeine concentration ranging between 14% and 31% (m/m), which may imply a daily overdose of this compound from around four tablets. In summary, this investigation provides a chemical characterization of real samples of “Rebites” freely obtained along Brazilian highways. Caffeine emerged as the predominant active compound, with its concentration determined by qNMR analysis. The notable presence of caffeine, combined with other stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens, underscores the need for strict quality control measures regarding “Rebites” to safeguard public health.
A comparative metabolomic investigation of different sections of Sicilian Citrus x limon (L.) Osbeck, characterization of bioactive metabolites, and evaluation of in vivo toxicity on zebrafish embryo
Authors: Pagliari Stefania , Sicari Mirea , Pansera Lidia , Guidi Nissim Werther , Mhalhel Kamel , Rastegar Sepand , Germanà Antonino , Cicero Nicola , Labra Massimo , Cannavacciuolo Ciro , Montalbano Giuseppe , Campone Luca
Published: May 2024

Citrus fruits are a diverse and economically important group of fruit crops known for their distinctive flavors and high nutritional value. Their cultivation and consumption contribute significantly to the global agricultural economy and offer a wide range of health benefits. Among the genetic diversity of citrus species, Citrus x limon (L.) Osbeck is particularly relevant due to its chemical composition and potential health benefits. Two cultivars from the Sicily region (southern Italy) were compared for their phenolic content and preliminary antioxidant activity to select the distinctive extract with potential biological activity. A detailed characterization revealed the occurrence of phenolics, coumarins, and flavonoids. The quantification of metabolites contained in the selected extract was performed by an ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with an ultraviolet detector. Different concentrations were tested in vivo through the fish embryo acute toxicity test, and the 50% lethal dose of 107,833 µg mL−1 was calculated. Finally, the effect of the extract on hatching was evaluated, and a dose‐dependent relationship with the accelerated hatching rate was reported, suggesting a Femminello Zagara Bianca green peel upregulating effect on the hatching enzymes.

Practical Application

Citrus fruits and their products continue to be one of the natural food sources with the highest waste output. In this study, we demonstrate how food industry waste, particularly lemon peel, is rich in bioactive compounds with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may be used in the nutraceuticals industry.
Development of bioactive films loaded with extract and polysaccharide of Pinus brutia bark
Authors: Şahin Saliha , Eyüboğlu Serenay , Karkar Büşra , Ata Gül Dinç
Published: May 2024

Society's interest in natural and clean products in many areas, such as food and cosmetics, has increased considerably. It has led to the development of new techniques in the packaging of products so that the wastes from the preferred products can be recycled. In this context, Pinus brutia bark was preferred within the scope of the study to transform natural wastes into functional components and use them as packaging material. P. brutia bark (PBB) samples were collected from Bursa, Turkey. PBB samples were ultrasonically extracted using various solvents (acetone, butanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, methanol, petroleum ether, and water) and a solvent‐acidic hydrolysis system. The phenolic content profile of PBB samples was determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection, and total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic content were determined. Chitosan‐polyvinyl alcohol (CS‐PVA) films loaded with polysaccharides and containing methanolic extract were developed. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the films were characterized. It is known that the thickness of the films determines the mechanical properties required to maintain the integrity of the packaging during storage and transport. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the elongation at break value was higher in CS‐PVA‐PBB‐M films (111.08% ± 10.46%), Young's modulus (31.74 ± 21.37 N/mm2), and tensile strength (3.01 ± 0.50 N/mm2) values were higher in CS‐PVA films. In this case, it was concluded that adding proanthocyanidin to edible films gives flexibility to the films.
JAK2 inhibitors improve RA combined with pulmonary fibrosis in rats by downregulating SMAD3 phosphorylation
Authors: Wei Yimei , Wang Dandan , Wu Juan , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2024

Background

JAK inhibitors are well known for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but whether they can be used to treat pulmonary fibrosis, a common extra‐articular disease of RA, remains to be clarified.

Methods

A jak2 inhibitor, CEP33779 (CEP), was administered to a rat model of RA‐associated interstitial lung disease to observe the degree of improvement in both joint swelling and pulmonary fibrosis. HFL1 cells were stimulated with TGF‐β1 to observe the expression of p‐JAK2. Then, different concentrations of related gene inhibitors (JAK2, TGFβ‐R1/2, and p‐STAT3) or silencers (STAT3, JAK2) were administered to HFL1 cells, and the expression levels of related proteins were detected to explore the underlying mechanisms of action.

Results

CEP not only reduced the degree of joint swelling and inflammation in rats but also improved lung function, inhibited the pro‐inflammatory factors IL‐1β and IL‐6, reduced lung inflammation and collagen deposition, and alleviated lung fibrosis. CEP decreased the expression levels of TGFβ‐R2, p‐SMAD, p‐STAT3, and ECM proteins in rat lung tissues. TGF‐β1 induced HFL1 cells to highly express p‐JAK2, with the most pronounced expression at 48 h. The levels of p‐STAT3, p‐SMAD3, and ECM‐related proteins were significantly reduced after inhibition of either JAK2 or STAT3.

Conclusion

JAK2 inhibitors may be an important and novel immunotherapeutic drug that can improve RA symptoms while also delaying or blocking the development of associated pulmonary fibrotic disease. The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of p‐STAT3 protein via inhibition of the JAK2/STAT signaling pathway, which affects the phosphorylation of SMAD3.
Berberine inhibits the progression of breast cancer by regulating METTL3‐mediated m6A modification of FGF7 mRNA
Authors: Fu Wei , Liu Lixin , Tong Suiju
Published: May 2024

Background

Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid from Coptidis rhizoma, has been found to have powerful activities against various human malignancies, including breast cancer. However, the underlying antitumor mechanisms of BBR in breast cancer remain poorly understood.

Methods

Breast cancer cells were cultured and treated with different doses (0, 20, 40, and 60 μM) of BBR for 48 h. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were assessed using 3‐(4, 5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2, 5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assays. Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3), and insulin‐like growth factor‐2 mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) mRNA levels and protein levels were measured using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blot. Interaction between METTL3 and FGF7 m6A was assessed using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)‐qPCR and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Binding ability between IGF2BP3 and FGF7 mRNA was analyzed using RIP assay.

Results

BBR treatment hindered breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and induced apoptosis. FGF7 expression was upregulated in breast cancer tissues, while its level was reduced in BBR‐treated tumor cells. FGF7 upregulation relieved the repression of BBR on breast cancer cell malignant behaviors. In mechanism, METTL3 stabilized FGF7 mRNA through the m6A‐IGF2BP3‐dependent mechanism and naturally improved FGF7 expression. BBR treatment inhibited breast cancer growth in vivo.

Conclusion

BBR treatment blocked breast cancer cell growth and metastasis partly by regulating METTL3‐mediated m6A modification of FGF7 mRNA, providing a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
Methylisothiazolinone sensitisation in New Zealand is decreasing
Authors: Lee Hyun Kyoung , Kennedy Harriet
Published: May 2024

Background/Objectives

In the last 10 years methylisothiazolinone (MI) emerged as a global cause of preservative‐related ACD. New Zealand has liberal regulations for the MI concentration limit in cosmetic products compared to Europe and Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MI sensitisation in New Zealand, explore sources of MI exposure and make recommendations on New Zealand regulations for MI use.

Methods

This retrospective study included data from patients who underwent patch testing with MI from 2008 to 2021 in a tertiary hospital dermatology clinic and a private dermatology clinic in Auckland, New Zealand. Patient baseline characteristics were recorded along with results of patch testing. Sources of MI exposure were identified from medical records.

Results

Over the study period, 1049 patch tests were performed in 1044 patients. MI was only tested as a stand‐alone allergen from 2015; positive reactions to MI increased from 5.3% in 2015 to a peak of 11.9% in 2017 and then decreased to 6.4% in 2021. The most common source of MI exposure was shampoo or conditioner (27.7% of all relevant reactions) followed by occupational exposures to paints, biocides or glue (19.1%).

Conclusion

Both sensitisation and ACD to MI appear to be decreasing, likely secondary to changes in product compounding due to stricter concentration limits internationally. We recommend New Zealand adopt lower MI concentration limits for cosmetics to match the limits of Australia and Europe.
Pelvic floor symptoms according to the severity of second‐degree perineal tears within 12 months post‐partum: A longitudinal prospective cohort study
Authors: Macedo Marthe Dalevoll , Risløkken Jeanette , Rotstein Emilia , Benth Jūratė Šaltytė , Ellström Engh Marie , Siafarikas Franziska
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Second‐degree perineal tears following vaginal birth are common and presumed to be of little clinical importance. However, the extent of damage to the perineal body varies widely, and there is reason to believe that larger second‐degree tears may be associated with more pelvic floor symptoms, compared to lesser form. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess differences in pelvic floor symptoms according to the severity of second‐degree perineal tears up to 12 months post‐partum, stratified by parity.

Material and Methods

This was a prospective cohort study conducted at Akershus University Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in Norway. The study sample consisted of 409 primiparas and 394 multiparas with vaginal births. Perineal tears were classified using the classification system recommended by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Further, second‐degree tears were subclassified as 2A, 2B, or 2C, depending on the percentage of damage to the perineal body. Episiotomies were analyzed as a separate group. Pelvic floor symptoms were assessed using the Karolinska Symptoms After Perineal Tear Inventory (KAPTAIN). A linear mixed model was estimated to assess the trend in pelvic floor symptom scores according to perineal tear category and stratified by parity. The primary and secondary outcome measures were the mean sum scores of the KAPTAIN‐Inventory, measured in pregnancy (at 18 weeks of gestation), at 3‐ and 12 months post‐partum, and the reported impact of genital discomfort on quality of life measured in pregnancy and at 12 months post‐partum.

Results

There were no significant differences in pelvic floor symptom scores over time, or at any timepoint, between no tear, first‐degree tear, or second‐degree tear subcategories, for primi‐, and multiparas. Pelvic floor symptoms increased from pregnancy to 3 months post‐partum and remained higher at 12 months post‐partum compared to pregnancy in all perineal tear categories. Compared to primiparas, multiparas reported a significantly higher impact of genital discomfort on quality of life in pregnancy and at 12 months post‐partum.

Conclusions

There were no statistically significant differences in pelvic floor symptoms according to the severity of second‐degree perineal tears.
Letter: The enigma ofangiotensin receptor blocker‐associated enteropathy—Authors' reply
Authors: Schiepatti Annalisa , Maimaris Stiliano , Biagi Federico , Sanders David S.
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Schiepatti et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17855andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17977.
Letter: Boosting non‐invasive tests—Opportunities and challenges from resmetirom
Authors: Feng Gong , Pan Calvin Q. , Zheng Ming‐Hua
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Harrison et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17734
Clinical characteristics of acute myeloid leukaemia patients with a large number of azurophilic granules: A single‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Shuqi , Wang Jinghan , Lou Yinjun , Huang Xin , Xie Wanzhuo , Yu Wenjuan , Liu Lin , Zhu Yijing , Gao Xiangli , Ma Guanghua , Zhou Ziyang , Ghoushi Ehsan , Ghafouri Mohammadyousof , Jin Jie , Tong Hongyan , Zhou De
Published: May 2024

Large amounts of azurophilic granules are considered to be a morphological feature of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). However, a small percentage of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients also have a large number of azurophilic granules. A large cohort of 3210 AML patients in our hospital was screened to identify AML patients who had a large number of azurophilic granules. The clinical parameters of these patients were collected and compared with typical AML patients (control Group 1) and APL patients (control Group 2). The incidence of AML with a large number of azurophilic granules was 1.26%. The fibrinogen and D‐dimer levels of patients in the study group were more similar to those of patients in control Group 2, as was the incidence of bleeding events. Additionally, patients in the study group had higher FLT3‐ITD and NPM1 mutation rates than patients in control Group 1. Finally, patients in the study group had a higher 30‐day mortality rate than those in control Group 2 (24.2% vs. 9.09%) and showed a higher 30‐day mortality trend than those in control Group 1. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the prevention of coagulation dysfunction and bleeding events for these patients.
A meta‐analysis of coping strategies and psychological distress in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hinch Rebecca , Sirois Fuschia M.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Theory and research indicate that coping plays a central role in the experience of psychological distress in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study meta‐analysed the associations of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies with psychological distress in people with RA to quantify and better understand the proposed differential relationships, as well as the factors that might influence these links.

Methods

Searches of four databases identified eligible studies according to a pre‐registered protocol. Two random effects meta‐analyses examined the direction and magnitude of the links between adaptive coping (problem‐focused and emotional approach coping) and maladaptive coping (emotional avoidance and pre‐occupation coping) and psychological distress (stress, anxiety, and depression). Study quality was evaluated using a bespoke tool. Moderator analyses for sample characteristics and distress type were conducted.

Results

Searches identified 16 eligible studies with 46 effects. Meta‐analysis of maladaptive coping and distress yielded a significant, medium sized association, k = 12, r = .347, 95% CIs [.23, .46]. Moderator analyses were significant only for type of distress, with effects for depression being larger than that for combined distress. Effects did not vary as a function of age, participant sex, or disease duration. Meta‐analysis for adaptive coping was not significant, k = 10, r = −.155, 95% CIs [−.31, .01].

Conclusions

Findings from this first meta‐analysis of coping and distress in RA indicate that maladaptive but not adaptive coping is associated with greater distress. Further research is needed to grow the evidence base to verify the current findings especially with respect to adaptive coping.
Fibrillar extracellular matrix produced by pericyte‐like cells facilitates glioma cell dissemination
Authors: Vymola Petr , Garcia‐Borja Elena , Cervenka Jakub , Balaziova Eva , Vymolova Barbora , Veprkova Jana , Vodicka Petr , Skalnikova Helena , Tomas Robert , Netuka David , Busek Petr , Sedo Aleksi
Published: May 2024

Gliomagenesis induces profound changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain. In this study, we identified a cellular population responsible for the increased deposition of collagen I and fibronectin in glioblastoma. Elevated levels of the fibrillar proteins collagen I and fibronectin were associated with the expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which is predominantly found in pericyte‐like cells in glioblastoma. FAP+ pericyte‐like cells were present in regions rich in collagen I and fibronectin in biopsy material and produced substantially more collagen I and fibronectin in vitro compared to other cell types found in the GBM microenvironment. Using mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that 3D matrices produced by FAP+ pericyte‐like cells are rich in collagen I and fibronectin and contain several basement membrane proteins. This expression pattern differed markedly from glioma cells. Finally, we have shown that ECM produced by FAP+ pericyte‐like cells enhances the migration of glioma cells including glioma stem‐like cells, promotes their adhesion, and activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Taken together, our findings establish FAP+ pericyte‐like cells as crucial producers of a complex ECM rich in collagen I and fibronectin, facilitating the dissemination of glioma cells through FAK activation.
Circular RNA circESYT2 serves as a microRNA‐665 sponge to promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through ENO2
Authors: Du Wei , Li Ying , Wang Xufeng , Xie Sunzhe , Ci Hongfei , Zhou Jiaming , Zhu Ningqi , Chen Zule , Zheng Yan , Jia Huliang
Published: May 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators in tumor progression, yet their specific role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we utilized high‐transcriptome sequencing to identify the upregulation of circESYT2 (hsa_circ_002142) in HCC tissues. Functional experiments carried out in vivo and in vitro revealed that circESYT2 played a significant role in maintaining the growth and metastatic behaviors of HCC. Through integrative analysis, we identified enolase 2 (ENO2) as a potential target regulated by circESYT2 through the competitive endogenous RNA sponge mechanism. Additional gain‐ or loss‐of‐function experiments indicated that overexpression of circESYT2 led to a tumor‐promoting effect, which could be reversed by transfection of microRNA‐665 (miR‐665) mimic or ENO2 knockdown in HCC cells. Furthermore, the direct interaction between miR‐665 and circESYT2 and between miR‐665 and ENO2 was confirmed using RNA immunoprecipitation, FISH, RNA pull‐down, and dual‐luciferase reporter assays, highlighting the involvement of the circESYT2/miR‐665/ENO2 axis in promoting HCC progression. These findings shed light on the molecular characteristics of circESYT2 in HCC tissues and suggest its potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
Cross‐cultural translation and validation of the Chinese version Distress Tolerance Scale for adolescents with chronic physical disease
Authors: Lee Shu‐Li , Wu Li‐Min , Lin Shu‐Yuan , Chen Tzu‐Han , Lin Wei‐Ting
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Chronic physical disease (CPD) makes life filled with many negative events in adolescents, but not all adolescents experiencing negative life events proceed to develop emotional distress, only those with low emotional distress tolerance (EDT). A valid and reliable scale to measure EDT in CPD adolescents is important for caring for their emotional distress. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to translate the 15‐item English version Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) into a Chinese version and then validate the scale for measuring EDT of adolescents with CPD.

Methods

The 15‐item English version DTS was translated into a Chinese version using the translation guidelines for cross‐cultural research. Two cohorts of adolescents with CPD were recruited from four hospitals in southern Taiwan, with the first cohort including 124 adolescents with CPD employed to conduct exploratory factor analysis, corrected item‐total correlation and reliability testing, while the second cohort, consisting of 238 adolescents with CPD, was utilized to examine confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity.

Results

The two‐factor nine‐item Chinese version DTS for Adolescents with CPD (C‐DTS‐A) was developed. Lower scores of the C‐DTS‐A were significantly associated with higher diabetes distress, poorer self‐management, and worse glycaemic control; their correlation coefficients sequentially were −.40, .17 and −.23. Cronbach's α and the test–retest reliability of the two‐factor C‐DTS‐A ranged from .81 to .87 and from .79 to .89, respectively.

Conclusion

The two‐factor nine‐item C‐DTS‐A with good cross‐cultural translation quality was a reliable and valid scale to assess EDT for adolescents with CPD.
Method myopia
Authors: Ker Alan P.
Published: May 2024

Method myopia is defined as theoretical rhetoric absent empirical discernment regarding flavor‐of‐the‐day econometric methodologies. This Fellows Address discusses why method myopia is pervasive, what factors contribute to the pervasiveness, why is likely it to increase, and finally, a possible remedy. To that end, incentive structures facing researchers, reviewers, and editors are considered within the life‐cycle of a typical econometric methodology. Considering our discipline is empirically driven, there are potentially large costs by using flavor‐of‐the‐day methodologies when an alternative ‐‐ possibly leading to different economic results and policy responses ‐‐ is the appropriate method. Furthermore, method myopia can notably restrict the set of research problems examined thereby creating additional, potentially large, opportunity costs. Finally, over‐selling the superiority/completeness/correctness of results from such flavor‐of‐the‐day methodologies to policy makers can not only be costly in the particular case, but can undermine the long‐term credibility of our disciplinary advice to policy makers.
Nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery and drug resistance in glioma: New perspectives
Authors: Liu Jiyuan , Yang Fan , Hu Jinqu , Zhang Xiuchun
Published: May 2024

Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) having the highest incidence, and their therapeutic efficacy depends primarily on the extent of surgical resection and the efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy. The role of the intracranial blood–brain barrier and the occurrence of the drug‐resistant gene O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase have greatly limited the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in patients with GBM and made it difficult to achieve the expected clinical response. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has brought new hope for the treatment of tumors. Nanoparticles (NPs) have shown great potential in tumor therapy due to their unique properties such as light, heat, electromagnetic effects, and passive targeting. Furthermore, NPs can effectively load chemotherapeutic drugs, significantly reduce the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, and improve chemotherapeutic efficacy, showing great potential in the chemotherapy of glioma. In this article, we reviewed the mechanisms of glioma drug resistance, the physicochemical properties of NPs, and recent advances in NPs in glioma chemotherapy resistance. We aimed to provide new perspectives on the clinical treatment of glioma.
‘cito': an R package for training neural networks using ‘torch'
Authors: Amesöder Christian , Hartig Florian , Pichler Maximilian
Published: May 2024

Deep neural networks (DNN) have become a central method in ecology. To build and train DNNs in deep learning (DL) applications, most users rely on one of the major deep learning frameworks, in particular PyTorch or TensorFlow. Using these frameworks, however, requires substantial experience and time. Here, we present ‘cito', a user‐friendly R package for DL that allows specifying DNNs in the familiar formula syntax used by many R packages. To fit the models, ‘cito' takes advantage of the numerically optimized ‘torch' library, including the ability to switch between training models on the CPU or the graphics processing unit (GPU) which allows the efficient training of large DNNs. Moreover, ‘cito' includes many user‐friendly functions for model plotting and analysis, including explainable AI (xAI) metrics for effect sizes and variable importance. All xAI metrics as well as predictions can optionally be bootstrapped to generate confidence intervals, including p‐values. To showcase a typical analysis pipeline using ‘cito', with its built‐in xAI features, we built a species distribution model of the African elephant. We hope that by providing a user‐friendly R framework to specify, deploy and interpret DNNs, ‘cito' will make this interesting class of models more accessible to ecological data analysis. A stable version of ‘cito' can be installed from the comprehensive R archive network (CRAN).
Major axes of variation in tree demography across global forests
Authors: Leite Melina de Souza , McMahon Sean M. , Prado Paulo Inácio , Davies Stuart J. , Oliveira Alexandre Adalardo de , De Deurwaerder Hannes P. , Aguilar Salomón , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. , Aqilah Nurfarah , Bourg Norman A. , Brockelman Warren Y. , Castaño Nicolas , Chang‐Yang Chia‐Hao , Chen Yu‐Yun , Chuyong George , Clay Keith , Duque Álvaro , Ediriweera Sisira , Ewango Corneille E. N. , Gilbert Gregory , Gunatilleke I. A. U. N. , Gunatilleke C. V. S. , Howe Robert , Huasco Walter Huaraca , Itoh Akira , Johnson Daniel J. , Kenfack David , Král Kamil , Leong Yao Tze , Lutz James A. , Makana Jean‐Remy , Malhi Yadvinder , McShea William J. , Mohamad Mohizah , Nasardin Musalmah , Nathalang Anuttara , Parker Geoffrey , Parmigiani Renan , Pérez Rolando , Phillips Richard P. , Šamonil Pavel , Sun I‐Fang , Tan Sylvester , Thomas Duncan , Thompson Jill , Uriarte María , Wolf Amy , Zimmerman Jess , Zuleta Daniel , Visser Marco D. , Hülsmann Lisa
Published: May 2024

The future trajectory of global forests is closely intertwined with tree demography, and a major fundamental goal in ecology is to understand the key mechanisms governing spatio‐temporal patterns in tree population dynamics. While previous research has made substantial progress in identifying the mechanisms individually, their relative importance among forests remains unclear mainly due to practical limitations. One approach to overcome these limitations is to group mechanisms according to their shared effects on the variability of tree vital rates and quantify patterns therein. We developed a conceptual and statistical framework (variance partitioning of Bayesian multilevel models) that attributes the variability in tree growth, mortality, and recruitment to variation in species, space, and time, and their interactions – categories we refer to as organising principles (OPs). We applied the framework to data from 21 forest plots covering more than 2.9 million trees of approximately 6500 species. We found that differences among species, the species OP, proved a major source of variability in tree vital rates, explaining 28–33% of demographic variance alone, and 14–17% in interaction with space, totalling 40–43%. Our results support the hypothesis that the range of vital rates is similar across global forests. However, the average variability among species declined with species richness, indicating that diverse forests featured smaller interspecific differences in vital rates. Moreover, decomposing the variance in vital rates into the proposed OPs showed the importance of unexplained variability, which includes individual variation, in tree demography. A focus on how demographic variance is organized in forests can facilitate the construction of more targeted models with clearer expectations of which covariates might drive a vital rate. This study therefore highlights the most promising avenues for future research, both in terms of understanding the relative contributions of groups of mechanisms to forest demography and diversity, and for improving projections of forest ecosystems.
Practical training using BEWE aimed at improving the diagnosis ability of erosive tooth wear for dental students—A randomized trial
Authors: Leone Camilla Cristina Lira Di , Bueno Gabriela Carvalho , Boteon Ana Paula , Martins Daiana da Silva , Cruvinel Thiago , Honório Heitor Marques , Wang Linda , Braga Mariana Minatel , Rios Daniela
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Erosive tooth wear (ETW) has been gaining attention due to its high prevalence. However, ETW clinical diagnosis is difficult and may go unnoticed by many professionals. The present study aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a theoretical–practical training using active methodologies in the development of undergraduate students' skills for the diagnosis of ETW compared to the traditional teaching method.

Materials and Methods

This randomized controlled study involved two parallel groups: control group (n = 22), with learning based only on theoretical content and test group (n = 24), learning by theoretical–practical activity mediated by monitors/tutors. The theoretical class covered the current concepts of ETW, aetiology, diagnosis, use of the BEWE index, prevention and treatment. The practical training included exercises and discussions based on the diagnosis using BEWE scores of a collection of images and extracted teeth. To evaluate the efficacy of the teaching–learning methods, a theoretical multiple‐choice questionnaire and a practical test using images and extracted teeth were applied. The outcome was the number of correct answers. Groups were compared by Mann–Whitney (theoretical knowledge) and T tests (practical ability in diagnosis) (p < .05).

Results

There was no significant difference between groups in the theoretical evaluation (p = .866). The test group showed higher ability to diagnose ETW lesions compared to the control group in the practical tests (p = .001). The performance of ETW diagnosis was similar when images were used in comparison to extracted teeth (p = .570).

Conclusion

The practical activity associated with theoretical classes can be a promising strategy to improve the development of undergraduate students' skills in the diagnosis of ETW.
Ecumenical Formation in the Context of World Christianity
Authors: Simon Benjamin
Published: May 2024

This article sets out the background to and the significance of the Global Ecumenical Theological Institute (GETI), an educational course for younger and emerging theologians, first organized by the World Council of Churches (WCC) to coincide with its 10th Assembly in Seoul, South Korea, in 2013. Further GETIs have taken place since then, most recently at the WCC's 11th Assembly in Karlsruhe, Germany, in 2022. The article finishes by setting out five statements about ecumenical education and formation.
WDR61 ablation triggers R‐loop accumulation and suppresses breast cancer progression
Authors: Hou Yayan , Zhang Chunyong , Liu Ling , Yu Ying , Shi Lei , Qin Yan
Published: May 2024

Although, superkiller complex protein 8 (SKI8), previously known as WDR61 has been identified and mapped in breast tumor, little is currently known about its function. This study aims to elucidate the role of WDR61 in breast tumor development and its potential as a therapeutic target. Here, we show that tamoxifen‐induced knockout of Wdr61 reduces the risk of breast tumors, resulting in smaller tumor size and weight, and improved overall survival. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of WDR61 compromises the proliferation of breast tumor cells with reduced colony‐forming capacity. Further investigations demonstrate that the protective effect of WDR61 loss on breast tumor development is due to genomic instability. Mechanistic studies reveal that WDR61 interacts with the R‐loop, and loss of WDR61 leads to R‐loops accumulation in breast tumor cells, causing DNA damage and subsequent inhibition of cell proliferation. In summary, this study highlights the critical dependence of breast tumors on WDR61, which suppresses R‐loop and counteracts endogenous DNA damage in tumor cells.
Morphodynamical adaptation of the endolysosomal system to stress
Authors: Da Graça Juliane , Delevoye Cédric , Morel Etienne
Published: May 2024

In eukaryotes, the spatiotemporal control of endolysosomal organelles is central to the maintenance of homeostasis. By providing an interface between the cytoplasm and external environment, the endolysosomal system is placed at the forefront of the response to a wide range of stresses faced by cells. Endosomes are equipped with a dedicated set of membrane‐associated proteins that ensure endosomal functions as well as crosstalk with the secretory or the autophagy pathways. Morphodynamical processes operate through local spatialization of subdomains, enabling specific remodeling and membrane contact capabilities. Consequently, the plasticity of endolysosomal organelles can be considered a robust and flexible tool exploited by cells to cope with homeostatic deviations. In this review, we provide insights into how the cellular responses to various stresses (osmotic, UV, nutrient deprivation, or pathogen infections) rely on the adaptation of the endolysosomal system morphodynamics.
Fabrication and characterization of rubidium ferrites by the solution‐based combustion method using diverse organic fuels
Authors: Gupta Manik , Kumar Ashok
Published: May 2024

In this study, an effort was made to compare the impact of diverse organic fuels on structural and magnetic properties of the pure rubidium ferrites. A novel solution‐based combustion method was proposed that offered simplicity, cost effectiveness, and scalability. Pure rubidium ferrite (RbFeO2) was prepared by using diverse organic fuels such as urea, ethylene glycol (EG), and oxalyl dihydrazide (ODH) to facilitate exothermic reaction for homogeneous product. It was then characterized by different physico‐chemical techniques like X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Findings revealed that the choice of fuel significantly influenced the particle size and magnetic properties of the product. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed the formation of homogeneous nano‐powder confirmed by TEM analysis. TEM image analysis revealed that the average particle size of the final product obtained was 18 nm for EG, 80 nm for urea, and 40 nm for ODH, respectively. Saturation magnetization values were comparable to lithium ferrites reported in the literature. Mössbauer studies indicated that sample prepared by using EG has better magnetic properties for the application as soft magnetic devices.
Pseudo‐NRBC in the Mindray BC‐6800Plus analyzer: A clue for diagnostic anticipation of fungemia. Experimental and preliminary clinical reports
Authors: Zheng Xiaohe , La Gioia Antonio , Fiorini Fabiana , Wang Dong , Zhang Shihong , Marsano Miriam , Nicastro Carmine , Fumi Maurizio , Luo Jinzhu
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Candidemia can be a significant cause of death in immunosuppressed or debilitated patients particularly. Abnormalities of the instrumental cytograms of some hematological analyzers, such as Mindray BC‐6800Plus, can be related to circulating Candida. We studied the possible diagnostic usefulness of this information.

Methods

A fungal bloodstream infection has been simulated by adding aliquots of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida glabrata to 75 leftovers and anonymized peripheral blood samples. Cytographic abnormalities like those of experimental samples were used to select patients with possible fungemia. The microscopic review of peripheral blood smears constituted the confirmatory method.

Results

In all experimental samples, the various Candida types caused pseudo‐NRBC and morphological abnormalities of WNB and DIFF cytograms. Circulating blastospores, free or engulfed by neutrophils, were the microscopic findings in the peripheral blood smears.

In the clinical verification, 72 patients were recruited based on the presence of an evocative cluster in the WNB and DIFF cytograms. The microscopic review of 39 out of 72 samples was positive for NRBC. According to blood cultures, light microscopy revealed fungal forms of several Candida or non‐Candida types in the remaining 33 samples. Nine of these cases were not yet known to suffer from bloodstream infection.

Conclusions

Although further confirmatory clinical studies are required for these diagnostic abilities, the BC 6800Plus cytographic abnormalities related to fungemia have proven helpful in rapidly monitoring persistent fungemia in already diagnosed patients. In unknown or undiagnosed cases, they could be the trigger point for the subsequent diagnostic‐therapeutic pathway.
A trainee's perspective on scientific conferences
Authors: Valbon Stefanie F , de Carvalho Oliveira Vanessa , Short Lauralie
Published: May 2024

Attending and presenting at conferences is a preeminent experience during scientific training. This article provides a trainee's perspective on strategies to promote trainee growth before, during and after scientific meetings, taking the initiatives implemented by the Canadian Society for Immunology (CSI) as an example. A foremost action was the establishment of the Trainee Engagement Committee (TEC) in 2020. The TEC members contribute to the annual symposia by participating in the local organizing committee meetings and organizing trainee‐directed events. We propose actions that conference organizers can take to foster the development of the next generation of scientists. In addition, we offer advice to conference presenters on how to craft talks with trainees in mind and to attendees on how to maximize the quality and longevity of conference interactions. We hope this opinion piece evokes reflections and discussions among scientific societies, organizing committees, conference presenters and trainees alike.
Implementation and use of the Safewards model in healthcare services: A scoping review
Authors: Ward‐Stockham Kristel , Daniel Catherine , Bujalka Helena , Jarden Rebecca J. , Yap Celene Y. L. , Cochrane Lindy , Gerdtz Marie Frances
Published: May 2024

Safewards is a multi‐intervention mental health nursing model of practice improvement aimed at preventing and reducing conflict and containment. The use of Safewards has now extended beyond mental health settings. Implementation of Safewards has been reported to be challenging and therefore requires an evidence‐informed and structured approach. This review's objectives were to: (i) Comprehensively map approaches used to implement Safewards interventions; (ii) Characterise the outcomes measured in Safewards implementation studies; and (iii) Identify the facilitators and barriers to Safewards training and its implementation in practice. All quantitative, qualitative and mixed‐methods publications of Safewards, the interventions, evaluations, barriers and facilitators from all healthcare services internationally were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews were used to guide methodology. Data were reported according to the 12 items of the TIDieR. Twenty‐seven publications reported the implementation of Safewards. Descriptions were limited for reporting items such as intervention descriptions, materials, resources, specific procedures and processes, modifications made to interventions and delivery of interventions and training. No consistent theoretical implementation framework was reported. Collaboration, leadership, feedback and co‐design were strong drivers for staff buy‐in, engagement and success for implementation in mental health and acute settings. Transparency, replicability and generalisation require a detailed description of all elements of an intervention being implemented. Without adequate information, only assumptions can be drawn about the clinical governance and process of the implementation and training, and it is difficult to conclude when attempting to replicate the interventions.