bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRR adjuvants restrain high stability peptides presentation on APCs
Authors: Li Bin , Zhang Jin , He Taojun , Yuan Hanmei , Wu Hui , Wang Peng , Wu Chao
Published: October 2024

Adjuvants can affect APCs function and boost adaptive immune responses post-vaccination. However, whether they modulate the specificity of immune responses, particularly immunodominant epitope responses, and the mechanisms of regulating antigen processing and presentation remain poorly defined. Here, using overlapping synthetic peptides, we screened the dominant epitopes of Th1 responses in mice post-vaccination with different adjuvants and found that the adjuvants altered the antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell immunodominant epitope hierarchy. MHC-II immunopeptidomes demonstrated that the peptide repertoires presented by APCs were significantly altered by the adjuvants. Unexpectedly, no novel peptide presentation was detected after adjuvant treatment, whereas peptides with high binding stability for MHC-II presented in the control group were missing after adjuvant stimulation, particularly in the MPLA- and CpG-stimulated groups. The low-stability peptide present in the adjuvant groups effectively elicited robust T-cell responses and formed immune memory. Collectively, our results suggest that adjuvants (MPLA and CpG) inhibit high-stability peptide presentation instead of revealing cryptic epitopes, which may alter the specificity of CD4+ T-cell-dominant epitope responses. The capacity of adjuvants to modify peptide–MHC (pMHC) stability and antigen-specific T-cell immunodominant epitope responses has fundamental implications for the selection of suitable adjuvants in the vaccine design process and epitope vaccine development.
Meta-analysis of the efficacy of the erector spinae plane block after spinal fusion surgery
Authors: He Yi , Liu Heng , Ma Peng , Zhang Jing , He Qiulian
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate the efficacy of erector spinal plane block (ESPB) after spinal fusion surgery in this study.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases were searched with a search deadline of March 30, 2024, and Stata 15.0 was used to analyze the data from the included studies.

Result

Nine randomized controlled trials involving 663 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that EPSB could reduce pain scores at 2h (standard mean difference (SMD) = −0.78, 95% CI [−1.38 to −0.19], GRADE: Moderate), 6 h (SMD = −0.81, 95% CI [−1.23 to −0.38], GRADE: Moderate), 12 h (SMD = −0.59, 95% CI [−1.05 to −0.13], GRADE: Moderate), 24 h (SMD = −0.54, 95% CI [−0.86 to −0.21], GRADE: Moderate), 48 h (SMD = −0.40, 95% CI [−0.75 to −0.05], GRADE: Moderate) after spinal fusion surgery, as well as the PCA (analgesia medication use) (SMD = −1.67, 95% CI [−2.67 to −0.67], GRADE: Moderate). However, EPSB had no effect on intraoperative blood loss (SMD = −0.28, 95% CI [−1.03 to 0.47], GRADE: Low) and length of hospital stay (SMD = −0.27, 95% CI [−0.60–0.06], GRADE: Low).

Conclusion

Combined with the current findings, EPSB may reduce pain scores in spinal fusion surgery, possibly reducing the use of postoperative analgesics. However, due to the limitations of the study, we need more high-quality, multi-center, large sample randomized controlled trials to merge.
The critical need for child and youth perceptions of active living in India: capturing context complexity in rural and urban regions
Authors: Katapally Tarun Reddy , Patel Jamin , Khadilkar Anuradha , Bhawra Jasmin
Published: October 2024

Background

The physical inactivity pandemic not only has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of children and youth, but it is also a key contributor to the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden, particularly among low- and middle-income countries. The widespread effects of climate change, ranging from extreme weather events to worsening air quality, are exacerbating the physical inactivity pandemic, highlighting the need to undertake holistic interventions to address environmental barriers while promoting physical activity. Despite the potential benefits of active school transportation (AST) on physical activity and the environment, no study has examined the intersection between perceptions of AST, environmental perceptions, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among children and youth in India from a child and youth perspective.

Methods

As a part of this cross-sectional, observational study, digital survey links were administered to 1,042 children and youth aged 5 to 17 (50.3% boys; 49.7% girls). Participants were recruited from 41 schools across 28 rural and urban regions in India. Children and youth provided information on various sociodemographic factors, perceptions of crime and air pollution, and peer support factors. MVPA data were collected using an adapted version of the IPAQ short-form questionnaire. The overall sample was stratified by age, gender, and location, resulting in a total of seven multiple linear regression models to assess the association between AST and MVPA.

Results

Children and youth who engaged in AST were associated with higher MVPA than those who did not engage in AST (β = 18.020, 95% CI [5.890 to 30.149], p = 0.004), after adjusting for age, gender, and location. In contrast, perceptions of high crime in the neighbourhood (β =  − 21.921, CI [−36.195 to −7.647], p = 0.003) and perceptions of air pollution (β =  − 12.472, CI [−23.797 to −1.147], p = 0.031) were associated with lower MVPA. Moreover, having active friends was associated with higher MVPA (β = 32.391, CI [9.264 to 55.518], p = 0.006) than not having active friends. AST was significantly associated with higher MVPA in the boys, rural, and aged 13 to 17 models; however, this association was not statistically significant in the girls, urban, and aged 5 to 12 models.

Conclusions

These findings highlight that promoting AST can potentially promote MVPA and contribute to mitigating the NCD burden among children and youth in India. Future policies and interventions should prioritize initiatives that promote AST, considering diverse sociodemographic factors, and addressing environmental challenges such as perceptions of crime and air pollution.
Optimization of fermentation conditions for physcion production of Aspergillus chevalieri BYST01 by response surface methodology
Authors: Zhang Shuxiang , Jiang Zhou , An Suwen , Jiang Xiaolan , Zhang Yinglao
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to optimize the culture conditions of the termite-derived fungus Aspergillus chevalieri BYST01 for the production of physcion, a characteristic component of the traditional herb rhubarb, which has been commercially approved as a botanical fungicide in China. First, potato dextrose broth was screened as the suitable basal medium for further optimization, with an initial yield of 28.0 mg/L. Then, the suitable carbon source, fermentation time, temperature, pH value, and the rotary shaker speed for physcion production were determined using the one-variable-at-a-time method. Based on the results of single factors experiments, the variables with statistically significant effects on physcion production were further confirmed using the Plackett-Burman design (PBD). Among the five variables, temperature, initial pH, and rotary shaker speed were identified as significant factors (P < 0.05) for physcion productivity in the PDB and were further analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). Finally, we found that the maximum physcion production (82.0 mg/L) was achieved under the following optimized conditions:initial pH 6.6, rotary shaker speed of 177 rpm, temperature of 28 °C, and glucose concentration of 30 g/L in PDB medium after 11 d of fermentation. The yield of physcion under the optimized culture conditions was approximately threefold higher than that obtained using the basal culture medium. Furthermore, the optimum fermentation conditions in the 5-L bioreactor achieved a maximal physcion yield of 85.2 mg/L within 8 d of fermentation. Hence, response surface methodology proved to be a powerful tool for optimizing physcion production by A. chevalieri BYST01. This study may be helpful in promoting the application of physcion produced by A. chevalieri BYST01 to manage plant diseases.
The role of microbiomes in cooperative detoxification mechanisms of arsenate reduction and arsenic methylation in surface agricultural soil
Authors: Rueangmongkolrat Nattanan , Uthaipaisanwong Pichahpuk , Kusonmano Kanthida , Pruksangkul Sasipa , Sonthiphand Prinpida
Published: October 2024

Microbial arsenic (As) transformations play a vital role in both driving the global arsenic biogeochemical cycle and determining the mobility and toxicity of arsenic in soils. Due to the complexity of soils, variations in soil characteristics, and the presence and condition of overlying vegetation, soil microbiomes and their functional pathways vary from site to site. Consequently, key arsenic-transforming mechanisms in soil are not well characterized. This study utilized a combination of high-throughput amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics to identify arsenic-transforming pathways in surface agricultural soils. The temporal and successional variations of the soil microbiome and arsenic-transforming bacteria in agricultural soils were examined during tropical monsoonal dry and wet seasons, with a six-month interval. Soil microbiomes of both dry and wet seasons were relatively consistent, particularly the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadota, and Bacteroidota. Common bacterial taxa present at high abundance, and potentially capable of arsenic transformations, were Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Microvirga. The resulting shotgun metagenome indicated that among the four key arsenic-functional genes, the arsC gene exhibited the highest relative abundance, followed by the arsM, aioA, and arrA genes, in declining sequence. Gene sequencing data based on 16S rRNA predicted only the arsC and aioA genes. Overall, this study proposed that a cooperative mechanism involving detoxification through arsenate reduction and arsenic methylation was a key arsenic transformation in surface agricultural soils with low arsenic concentration (7.60 to 10.28 mg/kg). This study significantly advances our knowledge of arsenic-transforming mechanisms interconnected with microbial communities in agricultural soil, enhancing pollution control measures, mitigating risks, and promoting sustainable soil management practices.
Experimental Study based on Case Analysis for Efficient Management of Smoke Detectors
Authors: Shin Young Min , Jeon Yong Tae , Kim Bong Jun , Lim You Ri
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an experimental study aimed at developing effective management strategies for smoke detectors under various environmental conditions. Through surveys and expert consultations, the primary causes of unwanted fire alarms were identified, and scenarios involving humidity, cooking smoke, and dust were selected for re-enactment experiments. The study investigated the operational changes in smoke detectors under varying humidity levels and conducted tests under both normal and humid indoor conditions for cooking smoke. Additional experiments were performed on smoke detectors coated with dust to observe their performance under different humidity and smoke conditions. As a result, it was found that the response time of smoke detectors varied depending on the level of moisture present, the amount of smoke generated, and the accumulation of dust. In conclusion, the study experimentally confirmed that smoke detectors should not be installed in areas exposed to high humidity and highlighted the importance of regular inspection and cleaning to minimize unwanted fire alarms.
Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Compartment Height, Fire Source Location, and Vent Location on Compartment Fire Phenomena with a Ceiling Vent
Authors: Kim Yun Young , Lee Chi Young
Published: October 2024

In this study, the numerical simulations of the effects of compartment height, fire source location, and vent location on the compartment fire phenomena with a ceiling vent were performed. Under the same fire source and vent location conditions, the compartment height of 5.5 m showed a higher mass flow rate across the vent than that of 11 m. For the fire source at the center, the vent on the left showed a lower mass flow rate than that at the center for both compartment heights. For the fire source on the left, the vents on the right and left exhibited the lowest mass flow rates at the compartment heights of 5.5 m and 11 m, respectively. Moreover, for the fire source on the left, a macroscopic rotational flow in the clockwise direction was observed at the compartment height of 5.5 m, whereas at the compartment height of 11 m, macroscopic rotational flows in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions appeared at its lower and upper portions, respectively. It was confirmed that these macroscopic rotational flows were closely related to the change in the mass flow rate across the vent with the vent location. The compartment height of 11 m had a lower average temperature inside the compartment than that of 5.5 m, which was because of the increase in the surrounding wall area. In addition, under each compartment height condition, the changes in the average temperature inside the compartment with the fire source and vent locations were minor.
Online intervention with couples during the COVID-19 pandemic based on Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
Authors: Ramos Fabiana Pinheiro , Haydu Verônica Bender , Borloti Elizeu Batista , Gandra Cristiane Tedesco , Lopes Joseuda Borges Castro , Moraes Ana Paula Silva , Oliveira Letícia Garcia de , Pires Savana Carvalho
Published: October 2024

The potential implications of the COVID-19 pandemic include an increased strain on the relationships of cohabiting couples. The effects of an online intervention based on the Awareness, Courage, and Love (ACL) model from Functional Analytic Psychotherapy were compared to those of a protocol with a leisure activity (movie). The participants (28 Brazilian dyads) were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1, 1st session—ACL protocol and 2nd session—movie protocol (one week apart). Group 2, in reverse order. The groups completed two scales (The Couple Assessment of Relationship Elements - CARE and Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale - IOS); one assessed marital relationship quality, and the other evaluated interpersonal closeness. The scales were answered three times: before and after each session and one week later (follow-up). The data presented homogeneity between groups before the intervention (Student’s t-test). The impact of the ACL and movie protocols on the quality of marital relationships and closeness of couples was tested using the General Mixed Model, which had random effects on individuals and couples. The mean scores obtained in the two scales increased significantly from the pre- to the post-test in ACL and movie protocols, with no discrepancy between the two interventions. In the follow-up, the score of both scales decreased. We concluded that the interventions with the ACL and the movie protocols efficiently approximated couples in the pandemic scenario and improved the relationship quality indicators right after the sessions.
To the 75th anniversary of the discovery of a unique geological structure - the patom crater
Authors: Andrushchenko V.A.
Published: October 2024

In 1949, a geological expedition led by V.V. Kolpakov discovered an amazing natural object, later called the Patom crater, which has become a mystery of the relief of Eastern Siberia to the present day, since it has no analogues in the world. The first special scientific expedition, very poorly equipped due to the difficulty of delivering complex equipment to this anomalous structure, lost in the remote taiga far from civilization, took place only in 1963. Starting in 2005, the crater became the object of comprehensive research by many expeditions, which included specialists from various scientific fields. When studying the larches on the slopes and inside the crater, its relatively young age was calculated (several centuries). But the Patom crater remains an unresolved problem in the issue of clarifying its genesis and thus is the subject of further study for scientists of the XXI century.
Vaccination Coverage Against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) : A Study on Vaccination in the Municipality of Ananindeua, Brazil
Authors: Vale Camila Carvalho Do , Sousa Maylane Cristina Barros , Sousa Bruna Rafaela Da Silva , Neto Walter Lopes , Santos Felipe Valino Dos , Corrêa Gracileide Maia , Corrêa Perla Katheleen Valente , Ribeiro Fabiola Caroline Nunes Dos Santos , Magalhães Joyce Nathalia Carvalho , Santos Luiz Felipe Amorim Dos , Neves Patricia Lima Dos Santos , Neto Osvaldo Brito Da Costa , Pantoja Bianca Abreu , Soares Gabriella Terezinha Ferreira , Lobao Gal Caroline Alho , Lima Isabela De Carvalho , Souza Aline Da Silva Oliveira , Santos Antônia Lyandra Jesus Dos , Brito João Victor Paiano De
Published: October 2024

Objective: to analyze HPV vaccination coverage in the municipality of Ananindeua – Pará, from 2020 to 2024. Method: This is a quantitative study based on data from 2020 to 2024 collected by the Department of Informatics of the Unified System of Health (DATASUS), which allowed the analysis of HPV vaccination coverage.
Results: The study revealed low adherence and significant fluctuations in HPV vaccination coverage, identifying as the main barriers the lack of information, the stigmatization of sexual transmission and the resistance of parents to vaccinating their children. Conclusion: The study showed a decline in HPV vaccination uptake from 2020 to 2024, threatening the WHO’s global goal of 90% by 2030. Key barriers include parental misinformation, vaccine myths, and a lack of trained professionals.
Effect of Spacing and Planting Time on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Mustard (Brassica nigra L.) Cultivar in Unwana, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Essien B. A. , Ogu C. E. , Osuaku S. K.
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Technology teaching and research farm during 2022 cropping season, to investigate the effect of spacing and planting time on the growth, yield and yield components of mustard in Unwana agro-ecology of Southeastern Nigeria. Two (2) planting time and six (6) plant spacings were evaluated in a split-plot fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. The factor A was time of planting (March and August), which occupied the main plot while factor B which was plant spacing (20x15cm, 30x15cm, 40x15cm, 50x15cm, 60x15cm and 70x15cm) occupied the sub-plots. Data were collected on plant height, leaf number, total yield, straw yield, oil yield and oil content at harvest. Result obtained showed that the growth, yield and yield components of mustard were significantly (P˂0.05) improved by time of planting and plant spacing used. March time of planting increased seed yield and yield components seed yield (102.90gha-1), straw yield (25.97gha-1), oil yield (654.10kg/ha), and oil content (41.56%) than August planting time (39.40gha-1, 20.93gha-1, 477.50kg/ha and 39.02% seed yield, straw yield, oil yield and oil content, respectively. On the other hand, result revealed that the plot planted with 20x15 plant spacing significantly increased the plant height and leaf number (18.98cm and 16.62) at 4WAP, respectively with the corresponding total yield (103.20gha-1) than other plant spacing used. The result showed that it was more productive to grow mustard at closer spacing (20x15cm) as depicted by the yield and yield components advantages.
A Case Report on Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Encephalitis
Authors: S Sowndharya , S N John Felix
Published: October 2024

Aim: The case study aims to describe and evaluate the initial neuropsychiatric symptoms, therapeutic methods, and diagnostic criteria, of a 3-year-old girl who had been diagnosed with anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. This case study implies the importance of early detection and treatment in pediatric autoimmune encephalitis, highlighting its diagnostic challenges and the successive use of immunotherapy and outcomes.
Presentation of Case: A 3-year-old developmentally normal girl child was brought to the hospital with C/O fever for 2 days. Following this she had seizures lasting for around 2 minutes and followed by shivering movements in the right leg for 15 minutes and then she regained consciousness after 25 minutes. CSF analysis showed pleocytosis. Serological tests (Typhoid IgM, Rapid Malaria, Scrub IgM, Dengue IgM, Japanese Encephalitis, and Herpes Simplex Virus IgM) were negative. MRI indicated diffuse encephalopathy, and EEG detected epileptic activity. Further antibody testing in serum and CSF revealed positive Anti-NMDAR antibodies. The patient was treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate(400mg), ceftriaxone(750mg), and acyclovir(130mg) intravenously initially. Once the definitive diagnosis was made, she was treated with IVIG(26g), methylprednisolone(390mg), and levetiracetam(280mg).
Discussion: Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis characterized by complicated neuropsychiatric symptoms and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptors in the central nervous system.
Conclusion: The appropriate diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis necessitate an organized approach. A wide range of autoantibody tests can be performed to identify or rule-out specific autoimmune causes. Patients may relapse and require appropriate follow-up care.
Effect of Treating Alfalfa Seeds with Gibberellin and Nano-fertilizer on Productive Characteristics and Protein Content in Hydroponic Cultures
Authors: Al-Amin Mohammed Amin Walid , Al-Rajbo Abdul Sattar Asmir
Published: October 2024

This study was carried out in an experiment in an incubator designed for hydroponic seed germination with tight thermal insulation in the laboratories of the Department of Plant Production Technologies at the Technical College of Agriculture in Mosul, which is affiliated with the Northern Technical University in Iraq, where the seeds of the Dutch variety alfalfa (Medicago sativa. L) were germinated commercially and four times between 2022 and 2024. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors and three replicates in perforated dishes with dimensions of 28 cm in length and 19 cm in width (area 532 cm2) at a seed rate of kg / m2, resulting in an average seed weight of 53 g in one dish. The first experimental factor was the germination periods, while the second factor was soaking the seeds in solutions of varying amounts made from gibberellin and nano-compound fertilizer with the comparison treatment, which is soaking in water alone, as follows:
Gibberellin 100 ppm and given the symbol GA 100ppm-
Gibberellin 200 ppm and given the symbol 200ppm GA-
--Nano fertilizer 20:20:20 NPK at a concentration of 2000 ppm and given the symbol NPK2000ppm.
-Nano fertilizer 20:20:20 NPK at a concentration of 4000 ppm and given the symbol NPK4000ppm.
This study showed that the Gibberellin 200ppm GA treatment was significantly superior to the rest of the other soaking treatments in the characteristics of the height of the incubator (3.66 cm), as well as the wet weight of both seedlings and roots and their dry weight, which were (497.88, 56.97g/dish-1), respectively, The fresh and dried root weights were considerably greater in the same treatment, at (400.86 and 43.86 g/dish-1), respectively.  while the comparison treatment was superior. Morally, it was significantly superior to the rest of the other soaking treatments in the characteristic of protein in the medium was (18.29%).
 As for the times of hydroponic seed germination, there were no significant differences between the times in all the studied characteristics, which enhances the high degree of incubator isolation, the accuracy of implementing the experiment, and the accuracy of taking the results.
CRISPR-Cas9: A Cutting-edge Genome-editing Technology with Many Potential Applications
Authors: Akter Fatema , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: October 2024

Unregulated human activities are responsible for climate change which is a major factor for the emergence of new infectious (bacterial, viral, fungus, and parasitic) and non-infectious diseases (genetic disorders, cancers, etc.). To tackle this situation, we must have better therapeutics, diagnostics, and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of emerging diseases in humans and animals. To address the aforementioned issues, CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary genome editing tool, can help us develop better therapeutics, diagnostics, and vaccines in a short time. In addition, it can be used to achieve food security by improving productivity, adaptability, and resilience traits in plants and animals. In nature, most bacteria and archaea have CRISPR as a part of their adaptive immune system that helps bacteria defend themselves from phages, viruses, and other foreign genetic elements. CRISPR-Cas9 is a highly effective, simple, and accurate genome editing tool compared to previous genome editing tools such as meganucleases, Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), and transcription activators like effector nucleases (TALENs). This review article discusses the different components and working of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, and how CRISPR-Cas9 plays a significant role in the development of next-generation therapeutics, diagnostics, vaccine platforms, and improved crops and livestock species for food security.
Effect of Foliar Spray of Micro - Nutrients on Fruit Growth and Yield of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Lalit
Authors: Sonkar Vikash Kumar , Kumar Sanjay , Anushruti  , Shukla Usha , Yadav Shatrunjay , Meena Dinesh Kumar , Rawat Sunil Kumar , Pal Ratan Kumar
Published: October 2024

Aim: To examine the effect of foliar spray of micro - nutrients on fruit growth and yield of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Lalit.
Study Design: The Randomized Block Design (RBD) experimental design was used.
Place and Duration of Study: An experiment was carried out during Hasth Bahar flowering seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Horticulture Research Farm of Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University.
Methodology: There were nineteen treatments with three replication. The variety selected for experiment was Lalit.
Results: The foliar application of Borax 0.2%+Zinc 0.4% was found to be the best treatment in improving the morphological characteristics of guava such as fruit length (8.59 cm), fruit width (8.6cm), fruit volume (169.09 cm), fruit weight (174.99 g), peel weight (17.13g), pulp weight (155.32g),number of seed per fruit (212.49),seed weight per fruit (2.53g), seed weight kg per plant  (1.23 kg), pulp and seed ratio (61.29) and specific gravity (1.03 g cc-1) of guava fruit.
Conclusion: On the basis of the result obtained in the present investigation, it is concluded the combined foliar application of Borax 0.2%+Zinc 0.4% (T11). Therefore, combined spray Borax 0.2%+Zinc 0.4% (T11) can be advocated to guava growers for maximum growth and yield parameters of guava.
Impact of Tree Geometry on the Growth and Yield Performance of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) under Kadam (Neolamarckia cadamba Roxb.) based Agroforestry System
Authors: Gautam Saransh Kumar , Choudhary Raman , Yadav Ram Prakash , Tiwari Prabhat , Bijilaxmi Y. , Parasriya Rakesh , Dobriyal Manmohan J.
Published: October 2024

Agroforestry is an environmentally conscious and comprehensive method of land management that entails cultivating agricultural crops, forest trees, and animals in conjunction on the same parcel of land through the implementation of suitable management strategies. The present study entitled “Impact of tree geometry on the growth and yield performance of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) under Kadam (Neolamarckia cadamba Roxb.) based Agroforestry System” was conducted during the Kharif season of 2022-23 within an already established 2-year-old plantation situated at Forestry research farm, RLBCAU, Jhansi. The study encompasses three different spacings, i.e., S1- 5 m x 5 m, S2- 5 m x 4 m and S3- 5 m x 3m. A randomized block design having four treatments each replicated five times was laid out, Outcomes of research revealed that sole cropping of black gram exhibited higher plant height (77.44 cm), leaf and branch numbers (6.38 and 5.32, respectively), dry matter accumulation (17.05 g/plant for above-ground and 2.12 g/plant for below-ground), leaf area (2183.06 cm2), root nodules (11.54), shorter phenological duration viz., 50% flowering, 50% pod setting and maturity (40.11 days, 54.49 days, and 70.84 days, respectively). It also demonstrated significantly higher yield attributes such as number of pods and seeds per pod (27.28), number of seeds per pod (5.82), test weight (36.73 g), grain yield (0.79 t ha-1), straw yield (1.78 t ha-1), biological yield (2.57 t ha-1), harvest index (30.63 %), and grain-to-straw ratio (0.44) compared to the intercropped. Among all the agroforestry treatments Neolamarckia cadamba at 5 m × 5 m with Vigna mungo, found to perform better than closer spacing (i.e., 5 m x 4 m and 5 m x 3 m) spatial arrangements. The study encountered challenges in achieving an optimal balance between tree-crop interactions and resource competition, which are critical factors in agroforestry systems. Nevertheless, it provides significant contributions by offering insights into the optimization of tree geometry, enhancing both yield performance and the sustainability of such integrated systems.
Applicability of HEC-RAS and Geospatial Tools for Inland Waterways Transportation Corridor: Case Study of Ganga Basin, Bihar, India
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Lal Deepak , Sherring Arpan , Suryavanshi Shakti , Rawat Vivekanand , Anand Akash , Ahmad Ajaz , Kumar Mukesh
Published: October 2024

Bihar has the largest networks of Rivers and drainage systems and most of them are perineal. Previously, north Bihar had active inland waterways transportation networks but these days the networks are not in use. Due to rapid urbanization and a hike in fuel prices, the transportation cost within the state has risen in the past few years. The demand for cheaper transportation systems is highly needed in these areas for goods transportation. Recently, the inland waterways authority of India has started a new shipping service in River Ganga only but a few more river networks can also be used for these kinds of activities. A study was conducted to find the inland waterways' potential for the development of a state river transportation corridor for North Bihar India. Various mathematical modeling tools such as HEC-RAS, HEC-HMS along with geospatial tools have been used for this study. The result obtained by the study indicates that the six more rivers of the states have the potential for inland waterways transportation along with suitable vessels for transportation. The methodology developed in the study is suitable for the development of waterways transportation corridors at various places. The study also emphasizes selecting the proper places for making the jetties which may be helpful for various activities such as disaster management, industrial fright services, logistic supply, etc.
Analytical Method Developement and Validation of Beclomethasone, Clotrimazole, Ofloxacin, Lidocaine by RP-HPLC in Combination Dosage Form
Authors: Borkar Dinesh P. , Barsagade Anup , James Nobel CP , Thakare Suruchi , Mandal Susmita
Published: October 2024

A rapid and precise method (in accordance with ICH guidelines) is required for the quantitative simultaneous determination of drugs in a combined pharmaceutical dosage form. The pursuit of desired quality is a continual challenge for pharmaceutical industries, necessitating a meticulous approach known as validation. Sensitive and specific RP-HPLC method involving UV detection was carried for determination and quantification of various drug in combination dosage form. The aim is "Analytical Method developement and Validation of Beclomethasone, Clotrimazole, Ofloxacin, Lidocaine by RP- HPLC In Combination Dosage Form " as per ICH guidelines. The developed method was validated for various parameters as per ICH guidelines like system suitability, specificity, linearity, system precision, method precision, accuracy, ruggedness and robustness. The separation method was carried out by using a mobile phase A consisting of Potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (0.05M): Methanol 45:55 v/v) pH 3.5 ± 0.1 and Mobile phase B comprises Acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 v/v. The detection was carried out by using UV detector at 300nm. The column was Agilent C 18 (250X4.6mm) 5µ. The flow rate was selected as 1.5 ml/min. The retention time of Ofloxacin, Lidocaine, Beclomethasone, and Clotrimazole, was found to be 5.67, 9.44, 18.29, and 21.85 respectively.
Comparative Study on NDT Techniques for Evaluation of Concrete Quality Exposed to Marine Environment
Authors: Song Homin , Min Jiyoung
Published: October 2024

Concrete, the primary material used in quay walls, is directly exposed to saline environments. Coping concrete, particularly in areas where periodic berthing and loading/unloading occur, is prone to rapid quality deterioration. Current facility safety and maintenance guidelines assess concrete durability at specific points through sampling, which are intended to represent the entire inspection unit. This paper explores quality management strategies from an areal perspective by applying various non-destructive scanning methods to extensive areas of coping concrete. Ultrasonic array imaging and ground-penetrating radar scanning images revealed significant quality degradation in berthing operation areas, whereas sampling-based ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hardness values were less effective in detecting this degradation.
.
Authors: . .
Published: October 2024

Background: Gallstones are a common gastrointestinal disorder often requiring cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the gold standard for gallbladder removal, involves pneumoperitoneum (PNP) using carbon dioxide (CO2) for better visibility and access. However, postoperative shoulder pain remains a frequent complication, largely attributed to CO2 insufflation. This study compares the incidence and severity of postoperative shoulder pain between low-pressure pneumoperitoneum (LPP) and standard-pressure pneumoperitoneum (SPP) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted at SMS Hospital, Jaipur, including 80 patients with gallstone disease undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were divided into two groups: LPP (8–10 mm Hg) and SPP (12–14 mm Hg), each comprising 40 patients. Pain was assessed using the Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. Data were analyzed using the unpaired two-tailed t-test, with a P value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The incidence of shoulder pain was significantly lower in the LPP group (10%) compared to the SPP group (40%) (P = 0.00). Mean VAS scores at 2, 6,12,24, and 48 hours post-surgery were consistently lower in the LPP group, with significant differences noted at each time point. At 12 hours, the LPP group had a mean VAS score of 0.62 ± 0.34 compared to 2.92 ± 1.4 in the SPP group (P = 0.00). By 48 hours, no LPP patients reported shoulder pain, whereas the SPP group still reported a mean VAS score of 0.62 ± 0.21 (P = 0.00). Conclusion: LPP is associated with significantly lower incidence and severity of postoperative shoulder pain compared to SPP in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. These findings suggest that LPP could be a better option for reducing patient discomfort and improving postoperative outcomes
Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Antenatal Care Among Pregnant Women Of Angu Wan Rogo Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: I.J Nkwoka , M.S Sanusi
Published: October 2024

Background: Antenatal care is a medical and general care that is provided to pregnant women during pregnancy. In Nigeria as well as in the world maternal mortality is high.The aim of this study is to access the level of knowledge, attitude and practice toward antenatal care service among women of Unguwar Rogo Sokoto. Materials and Method: The study design was cross sectional descriptive design and study population among married women of reproductive age group of Unguwar Rogo area Sokoto. A total of 250 women were selected based on systematic random sampling technique after estimating number of women (650). Interviewed administered questionnaire was the instrument used and data collected was entered into SPSS version 20 and analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard division and chi-square Result: Majority 232 (92.8%) of women knew about antenatal care and the rest 18 (7.2%) did not know about antenatal care. About ( 94%) of the respondents wanted to follow antenatal care while (6.0% ) women do not want to follow antenatal care if they get pregnant due to negative attitude.Home delivery was found to be 42.5%. Also, about 94% of women practiced antennal care follow up during their pregnancy time. The chisquare of mother knowledge and mother practice X 2 = 160.4622 and p-value = 0.000 show that there is statistically significant association between mother knowledge and practice of ANC. Conclusion and Recommendation: Both knowledge and practice of antenatal care service were found to be good among the study respondent but hospital delivery is low. The study further recommend the need to educate both women and husband to know the important of hospital delivery.
A Study On Serum Vitamin D Levels In Acute Ischemic Stroke At Government General Hospital, Vijayawada
Authors: Rao Dr. D. Srinivasa , Lakshmi Dr. Seelam Prasanna , Sai Dr.Jannu Chandana Kumara , Prasad Dr. Kudurupaka
Published: October 2024

Background: stroke has many well-established risk factors like diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation and smoking. Vitamin d is being looked upon as one of the latest risk factors. Our aim is to find out the association between vitamin d and acute ischemic stroke, and the effect of parameters like age, gender, obesity and dyslipidemia on vitamin d levels. Materials and methodology: This is a observational study of 100 subjects – 50 patients with acute ischaemic stroke and 50 age and sex matches controls without stroke, studied consecutively at siddhartha medical college hospital, vijayawada during a period from january 2024 to june 2024. Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin d levels were measured along with body mass index, ldl cholestrol, hdl cholestrol, triglycerides and total cholestrol. Results: Stroke patients had significant vitamin d deficiency (mean-13.48ng/ml, p value<0.01) when compared to controls (mean 23.03ng/ml). Gender variation and smoking did not affect the vitamin d levels and was found to be significantly lower in cases with age less than 40yrs (p-0.046). Vitamin d levels were not affected body mass index or lipid levels
Prospective Observational Study Of The Outcome Of Pregnancies With Sonologically Detected Nuchal Cord At Term
Authors: M K Dr. Girija , Anusha Dr K Durga
Published: October 2024

Background: Nuchal cord refers to the condition where the umbilical cord wraps around the fetal neck, potentially leading to complications during pregnancy and delivery. The prevalence of nuchal cords at delivery ranges between 6% and 37%, with possible adverse outcomes including fetal asphyxia, hypoxia, and in severe cases, stillbirth. The current study aims to evaluate the impact of nuchal cord detection via ultrasound in fullterm pregnancies and assess its prognostic significance concerning perinatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study involved a cohort of pregnant women at term (37- 42 weeks of gestation) with sonologically detected nuchal cords. Ultrasound evaluations were conducted to determine the presence and characteristics of nuchal cords, including the number of loops and tightness. The outcomes measured included the mode of delivery, fetal distress, Apgar scores, and neonatal complications such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between nuchal cord characteristics and perinatal outcomes. Results: The study found that the presence of nuchal cords was associated with an increased rate of cesarean deliveries and a higher incidence of fetal distress during labor. However, the degree of tightness and the number of loops significantly influenced the severity of outcomes. Neonates with tightly looped nuchal cords showed a higher incidence of low Apgar scores and required more intensive neonatal care. The study also observed a slight increase in the occurrence of neonatal complications, including MAS and HIE, among those with multiple nuchal cord loops. Conclusion: The detection of nuchal cords at term via ultrasound is a valuable tool in predicting potential delivery complications. While many nuchal cords do not adversely affect perinatal outcomes, those with multiple loops or tight cords pose a higher risk of complications. This study emphasizes the importance of careful monitoring and tailored management strategies for pregnancies complicated by nuchal cords to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes.
“An Analytical Study To Compare The Effectiveness Of P-Possum And Possum Scores In Predicting Mortality And Morbidity Following Emergency Laparotomy"
Authors: . .
Published: October 2024

Background: Surgical outcomes are increasingly scrutinized as part of efforts to ensure accountability and improve the quality of care. The Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) and its modification, the Portsmouth POSSUM (P-POSSUM), are widely used tools for predicting surgical outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of POSSUM in predicting morbidity and P-POSSUM in predicting mortality for patients undergoing emergency laparotomies in a North Indian tertiary care center. Methods: A hospital-based, analytic observational study was conducted at S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, involving 160 patients who underwent emergency laparotomy. Preoperative physiological and intraoperative data were collected and used to calculate POSSUM and P-POSSUM scores. Mortality predictions were compared using linear and exponential analyses, and the observed-to-expected (O:E) mortality ratio was calculated. Statistical significance was determined using the Chi-square test. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 49.65 years, with males comprising 64.37% of the population. Peptic perforation (20.6%) was the most common cause of surgery. POSSUM significantly over-predicted mortality (O:E ratio = 0.26, p=0.04), while P-POSSUM provided a more accurate prediction (O:E ratio = 0.45, p=0.81). POSSUM also overestimated morbidity (O:E ratio = 0.8, p=0.51). Conclusion: While POSSUM tends to over-predict both mortality and morbidity, P-POSSUM offers a more accurate prediction of mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. These scoring systems can serve as valuable tools for surgical audits and improving the quality of care, though careful selection of the appropriate predictive model is essential
Evaluating The Potential Of A Digital Oral Health Intervention To Enhance Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Related To Oral Health Among Urban Population- A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: B Dr. Ravisankar. , Ahamed.A Dr. Waseem , K Dr. Rajeswary. , S Dr. Kalaivani. , S Dr. Kokila. , A Dr. Keerthika.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: maintaining good oral health and avoiding avoidable dental diseases require optimal oral health behaviors. The purpose of this study was to assess how well a digital oral health intervention changed oral healthrelated knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Materials and method: two research involving 200 healthy people were carried out. Before and after the know your oqtm intervention was finished, demographic information and oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (kaps) were gathered. There were 19 multiple-choice questions on the kaps questionnaire. Feedback and comprehension were also gathered. Result: the two investigations were completed by 100 (50%) female participants and 100 (50%) male individuals. Five out of seven knowledge questions and two out of five attitude questions in both studies shown significant changes before and after the intervention, with participants' attitudes and knowledge regarding oral health improving. Four of the seven practice questions in the second study showed substantial changes before and after the intervention, whereas only one practice altered in the first study. In all cases, the intervention received generally positive response and was highly comprehensible. Conclusion: a digital oral health intervention was successful in increasing knowledge, changing attitudes and self-reported practices with regards to oral health in a diverse sample of the urban population.
Perplexing Intraoral Swellings: A Cross-Sectional Study On Minor Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors
Authors: S L Ganesh , C Tinky Bose , R Asish , Ramachandran Sunu , V A Chinnu
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aims to assess the prevalence and correlation between age, gender, and site of malignant minor salivary gland tumors among patients attending a tertiary healthcare centre in Trivandrum from 2015 to 2022. A total of 26 cases were reviewed, with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) being the most prevalent, followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC). Our findings suggest a slight female predilection overall, though certain tumor types showed gender-specific trends. The study highlights important epidemiological insights that can help future research and clinical practice inmanaging malignant minor salivary gland tumors.
Surgical Treatment Of Haemorrhoids: Stapled Haemorrhoidopexy Versus Conventional Excisional Haemorrhoidectomy - A Clinical Outcome Analysis
Authors: Lima Ismat Jahan , Sheikh Shahadot Hossain , Pervin Mosammat Mira
Published: October 2024

Background: Hemorrhoids are a common anorectal condition that often requires surgical intervention for thirddegree cases when conservative treatments fail. Although both stapled haemorrhoidopexy and conventional excisional hemorrhoidectomy are widely used, uncertainty remains about which technique is superior. This study compares the short- and long-term outcomes of these procedures, focusing on recovery time, pain, and complications to clarify the optimal surgical approach. Materials and Methods: An open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) over 12 months. Eighty-two patients with third-degree hemorrhoids were randomly assigned to undergo either stapled haemorrhoidopexy or conventional excisional hemorrhoidectomy. Primary outcomes were operating time, postoperative pain, and recovery period, while secondary outcomes included symptom improvement and complications. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Group A had a significantly shorter operating time (16.5 vs. 25 minutes, p = 0.001) and less postoperative pain, with 42.9% reporting severe pain at 4 hours post-surgery compared to 95.2% in Group B (p = 0.001). By day 15, 95.2% of Group A experienced mild pain, while 64.3% of Group B still reported moderate pain (p = 0.001). Group A also had a faster recovery, with a median pain-free defecation time of 7 days versus 18.5 days for Group B (p = 0.001). Urinary retention was more common in Group B (50% vs. 19%, p = 0.003), while recurrence of mucosal prolapse was lower in Group A (21.4% at 6 months, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Stapled haemorrhoidopexy provides faster recovery and less pain but has a lower recurrence of mucosal prolapse compared to conventional hemorrhoidectomy. Surgical decisions should balance short-term benefits with long-term risks.