bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Themes in the Experience of Gender Among Women With Serious Mental Health Illnesses
Authors: Mizock Lauren , Brubaker Megan
Published: September 2020

The focus of this article is on women with mental health illness and themes pertaining to issues of gender in their mental health experiences and in their treatment by peers and family. Grounded theory methodology was utilized in the data analysis of semi-structured interviews with 20 women with mental health illness. Findings revealed several themes related to gender in the experiences of women with mental health illness. These themes include male leverage, gendered emotions, weight worries, caretaker demands, friendship barriers, higher expectations, and double standard of violence. Implications for rehabilitation counseling will be discussed.
Enhanced interfacial adhesion in glass fiber fabric/epoxy composites employing fiber surface treatment with aminosilane-functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Gao Hongjie , Fan Yecheng , Zeng Shaohua , Chen Pengpeng , Xu Ying , Nie Wangyan , Zhou Yifeng
Published: September 2020

An economical and effective method was developed to optimize the interface of glass fiber fabric (GFf)-reinforced epoxy composites (GFfE) by dispersing aminosilane-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) on the fiber surface. The effects of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) or APS hydrolysis on the dispersion of GO and the interfacial properties of resultant composites were investigated in detail. The results indicated that the uniform dispersion of GO in composites and strong fiber/matrix adhesion could be achieved, based on grafting of APS hydrolysis onto GO. The interlaminar shear, flexural and tensile strengths of resultant composites were improved by 28%, 22% and 19%, respectively; the storage modulus and dynamic glass transition temperature (1 Hz) were significantly enhanced, compared with pure GFfE. In particular, the work of fracture received from interlaminar load–deflection curves increased by 97%, indicating the toughening effect of GO. This work demonstrates that it is possible to enhance the strength, stiffness and toughness of fiber-reinforced composites by incorporating GO into the interface between the fiber and the matrix.
Fraud and Abuse in the Saudi Healthcare System: A Triangulation Analysis
Authors: Alonazi Wadi B.
Published: September 2020

In the insurance industry, the majority of fraud and abuse cases fall into a limited number of patterns, yet false claims normally lead to negative national, local, and organizational effects. Through monitoring the exploitative and abusive behavior commonly found in healthcare services, this paper aims to analyze initiatives implemented by governmental and related healthcare insurance agencies in Saudi Arabia to reduce moral offenses. To accomplish this objective, major governmental health insurance policy documents were analyzed at the macro-level. At the meso-level, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five health insurance professionals on measures undertaken to prevent such incidents. At the micro-level, the critical factors of fraudulent behaviors were analyzed using a retrospective analysis. Data were retrieved from anti-fraud records of ten leading health insurance companies and the focus was mainly on individuals involved in unethical practices between 2014 and 2019. After a full audit was completed, the results concluded that the Saudi healthcare system is composed of twenty-six cooperative health insurance agencies and over 5,202 health services providers. The official documents contain the details of various moral hazard measures. On annual average, more than 196 fraudulent cases were reported with a claim rejection rate of approximately 15%. The majority of fraud cases were reported in dental services with invalid card usage, followed by obstetrics-gynecology services (47 and 113 cases, respectively). Females tended to make up most deceit cases in obstetrics-gynecology with a high level of abuse (95% confidence interval: −83.398 to −24.202; P < .003 and −28 > 638 to −7.362; P < .005, respectively). This study ultimately identifies basic measures employed at the macro-level to reduce moral hazards. However, such measures are not intended to be coherently implemented at the micro-level, especially by health insurance companies and healthcare providers.
Lyons and Tygers and Wolves, Oh My! Human Equality and the “Dominion Covenant” in Locke’s Two Treatises
Authors: Guha-Majumdar Jishnu
Published: September 2020

This essay reads John Locke’s Two Treatises through its nonhuman animal presences, especially the emblematic figures of cattle and “noxious creatures” like “lyons,” “tygers,” and wolves. It argues that the real ground of Lockean human equality is an ongoing practice of subjugating nonhuman animals, and not any attribute of the human species as such. More specifically, the Lockean social compact founded on this equality relies on a “dominion covenant,” an existential “agreement” in which God lends the power of dominion to man and any threats to this order require punishment. This dynamic enables violence toward humans, in the name of their humanity, if they do not properly exert their power of dominion. Critics have connected Locke’s theory of property to indigenous dispossession and his theory of punishment to carceral systems; both processes, I argue, intimately rely on the dominion covenant. Lockean racism is the fulfillment of, and not a deviation from, his account of human equality.
Investigation on the mechanical and ageing properties of acrylic rubber reinforced halloysite nanotubes/carbon black hybrid composites
Authors: Senthilvel K , Rathinam N , Prabu B , Kumar A Arul Jeya
Published: September 2020

In the present research, acrylic rubber (ACM) composites containing Carbon black (CB) of 70 phr alone and five different ACM hybrid nanocomposites containing a fixed content of CB (60 phr) and varied content of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 phr) were prepared by melt-blending on a open twin roll mill. The prepared composites were examined for their microstructure, physical and mechanical properties, hot air and hot oil ageing resistance. Studies revealed that addition of HNT in CB filled ACM composites resulted in superior mechanical properties, improved swelling resistance and augmented impedance to oxidation and hot oil compared to ACM containing CB alone. Further ACM composites with 6 phr of HNT demonstrated an enhancement of 31.49%, 16.15%, 39.65%, 6.39% and 28.06% respectively in stress at break, % elongation at rupture, modulus at 100% elongation, resistance to crack propagation and solvent uptake. Further the same sample exhibited retention of stress at break and elongation at rupture of 99% and 92%, 98% and 89%, 94% and 96% respectively in hot air, in IRM 901 oil and in IRM 903 oil respectively. Studies on the microstructure revealed the formation of HNT-ACM-CB intercalated structures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed the establishment of bonding of hydrogen amidst the tubular nanofiller and the ACM rubber. Field emission scanning electron microscopy studies divulged the intercalation of tubular filler by ACM rubber, black filler and curing constituents and development of local HNT-CB network. These studies prove that partial replacement of traditional CB filler with tubular HNT is a promising approach to produce ACM composites with superior mechanical, thermo-oxidative ageing and hot oil ageing properties.[Formula: see text]
Taking an Independent Research Course in Psychology: Different Teaching Models Lead to Very Different Experiences
Authors: Malik Sarah E. , Salomon Ilyssa , Elsey Taylor , Golding Jonathan M. , Sheehan Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2020

Students majoring in psychology are often required or encouraged to have hands-on experience in the field. One way to gain experience is through an independent research experience (IRE); however, little is known about what IREs actually entail. In an effort to learn about students’ IREs, we recruited 117 undergraduates from a Research I university and asked them questions about their IREs. Importantly, a faculty mentor may choose to structure their IRE in one of four ways: (a) only a full lab meeting with all research assistants, (b) only one-on-one meetings with the individual student, (c) both full lab meetings and one-on-one meetings, or (d) neither a full lab meeting nor a one-on-one meeting. Descriptive data indicated that most students were involved in both full lab meetings and one-on-one meetings, or just full lab meetings. Exploratory regression analyses indicated that participating in both full lab meetings and one-on-one meetings may be the most effective model for positive perceptions of the IRE.
Delay dependent H∞ control of wind energy conversion systems via singular perturbation theory
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yang Zhong , Yu Zhenzhong , Hu Xingliu , Wang Yizhi , Shen Hao
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the maximum power point tracking problem of variable-speed wind turbine systems is studied. Both mechanical part and electromagnetic part of the wind energy conversion system are taken into consideration. In view of the different time scales between the mechanical part and electromagnetic part, singular perturbation theory is applied to model the system in order to cope with the stiffness caused by the two-time-scale characteristic. Then, linear parameter varying (LPV) model is developed to approximate the nonlinear singularly perturbed model. In consideration of data detection time of the state variables, in practice, the control inputs are dependent on the states with a small time delay. Therefore, a novel delay dependent [Formula: see text] controller is designed to make the rotor speed track the reference rotor speed. Furthermore, it is proved that the closed-loop system under control is asymptotically robust stable using Lyapunov theory. In the end, an example simulation verifies the effectiveness and advantages of the developed method by means of comparison with optimal torque control.
Foreign Body Reaction, Retinal Degeneration, and Epiretinal Membranes Associated With Intravitreal Administration of PLGA Rods
Authors: Booler Helen , Larsen Thomas , Shelton Amy , Bansteev Vladimir , Mitra Mayur S.
Published: September 2020

Long-acting delivery platforms for intravitreal therapies are an active area of research in ophthalmic drug development. The aim of these platforms is to decrease the burden of intravitreal therapies for patients, by increasing the period between intravitreal injections. This brief communication describes the in-life, histologic and immunohistochemical findings associated with repeat-dose intravitreal administration of poly D, L sustained lactide-co-glycolide polymeric rods, an intravitreal depot, in the cynomolgus monkey ( Macaca fascicularis). These nonclinical investigations illustrate a pattern of foreign body reaction around intravitreal depots at the temporal pars plana and demonstrated the histopathologic and immunohistologic features of retinal degeneration and epiretinal membrane formation in the inferior retina.
Problematizing the Postfeminist Gaze: A Critical Exploration of Young Women’s Readings of Gendered Power Relations in Advertising
Authors: Rome Alexandra Serra , O’Donohoe Stephanie , Dunnett Susan
Published: September 2020

This article explores young women’s engagements with gendered power relations embedded in advertising. Drawing on four case studies, we demonstrate how their readings of gendered ads are informed by postfeminist discourse, which, for all its contradictions, presents gender inequality as a thing of the past. Specifically, we illustrate and theorize the problematic workings of a postfeminist gaze directed at both models in ads and young women as readers of ads, with judgements shaped by postfeminist ideals and blind spots concerning intersections of gender, class, and race. We contribute to macromarketing scholarship by (1) illustrating how, in the context of gendered ads and young American women, gendered power relations and a postfeminist sensibility are both produced by and productive of gendered readers; and (2) highlighting the insidious nature and limitations of this sensibility informing young women’s lived experiences, engagements with media culture, and position in society.
Diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in Bell’s palsy
Authors: Wang Ying , Tang Weiqing , Chai Yongchuan , Zhu Weidong , Li Xiaoyan , Wang Zhaoyan
Published: September 2020

Background

Bell’s palsy (BP) is the most common form of acute facial nerve disorder and is characterized by rapid onset peripheral facial palsy of unknown etiology.

Purpose

To explore the diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imagine (MRI) in patients with BP particularly in involved segments.

Material and Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients with BP who underwent routine MRI examinations and volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequence-based DCE-MRI before surgery in our department from January 2015 to July 2020. DCE-MRI data postprocessing was performed on Siemens Workstation Extended MR Work Space 2.6.3.5. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS®v.19.0. The inter-observer reliability was evaluated with kappa identity test and McNemar’s test.

Results

Twenty-three patients were included. On conventional contrast-enhanced MRI, the two observers were inconsistent in their diagnosis of lesion segments of facial nerve (Kappa 0.426, P = 0.009). Compared to the results of the surgery, the diagnostic consistency of both observers was general (Kappa 0.476, P < 0.001 and Kappa 0.430, P < 0.001, respectively). The diagnostic results of DCE-MRI for lesion segments of the facial nerve were consistent between the two observers (Kappa 0.929, P < 0.001). Compared to the results of the surgery, the diagnostic consistency of both observers was good (Kappa 0.753, P < 0.001 and Kappa 0.731, P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

Compared to conventional MRI, DCE-MRI has good stability and repeatability in the diagnosis of the lesion segments of the facial nerve as well as a good specificity and accuracy.
Evaluation of thyroid hemangioma by conventional ultrasound combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yang De-bin , Lan Hai-fei , Shi Pei-dong , Wang Ying-chun , Lu Min
Published: September 2020

Primary thyroid hemangioma is an extremely rare clinical disease. Only 31 cases have been reported to date according to a PubMed search, and most were postoperatively diagnosed by pathologic examination. Ultrasonography is the first-line imaging modality for thyroid disease screening. However, preoperative ultrasonic diagnosis of thyroid hemangioma has been rarely reported. We herein describe a 24-year-old woman with a painless mass in the left thyroid lobe. Routine ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) were performed. Routine US revealed an anechoic tumor with linear echogenic septal lines and compressibility. CEUS showed a characteristic “slow in and slow out” pattern of contrast filling and perfusion. Based on the combined findings of routine US and CEUS, the initial diagnosis was thyroid venous hemangioma. Postoperative pathological examination demonstrated multiple irregular dilated vessel lumens filled with red blood cells and multiple hemorrhagic zones. Immunohistochemical staining showed positivity for CD31 and smooth muscle actin.. Overall, this case showed US characteristics of a rare case of thyroid hemangioma, which is of importance for preoperative planning to avoid a large amount of blood loss during surgery. This case together with our literature review will help radiologists to bridge the knowledge gap of thyroid hemangioma, especially at the initial US screening.
Mesenchymal stem cell research progress for the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Yao Dezhi , Ye Huanrong , Huo Zhirong , Wu Lei , Wei Shixiong
Published: September 2020

At the end of 2019, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection was detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The COVID-19 infection characteristics include a long incubation period, strong infectivity, and high fatality rate, and it negatively affects human health and social development. COVID-19 has become a common problem in the global medical and health system. It is essentially an acute self-limiting disease. Patients with severe COVID-19 infection usually progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, metabolic acidosis that is difficult to correct, coagulation dysfunction, multiple organ failure, and even death within a short period after onset. There remains a lack of effective drugs for such patients clinically. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are expected to reduce the risk of complications and death in patients because they have strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities, which can improve the microenvironment, promote neovascularization, and enhance tissue repair capabilities. China is currently conducting several clinical trials on MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19. Here, we review the research progress related to using stem cells to treat patients with COVID-19.
Diagnostic role of liquid-based cytology of bronchial lavage fluid in addition to bronchial brushing specimens in lung cancer
Authors: Cao Chao , Yu Xuechan , Zhu Tingting , Jiang Qingwen , Li Yiting , Li Xinjian
Published: September 2020

Background:

Liquid-based cytology (LBC) tests, including the liquid-based thin layer method, have demonstrated the highest potential for reducing false-negatives and improving sample quality.

Method:

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of LBC of bronchial brushing specimens in lung cancer. A total of 249 patients were analyzed in our study, involving 155 patients with combined bronchial brushing and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and 94 patients with BAL alone.

Results:

The sensitivity in the combined bronchial brushing and BAL group was 61.4% in the diagnosis of lung cancer, which is much higher than with BAL alone. Rates of positive predictive values and negative predictive values in the combined group compared with the BALF alone group were 98.6% vs 100% and 47.6% vs 37.4%, respectively. Sensitivity in the BALF alone group was 12.5% in bronchoscopically invisible pulmonary lesions and as high as 52.1% in the combined group.

Conclusion:

The results from our study demonstrated that LBC of brushing samples could be used as an important complement of bronchoscopy and could have the potential to be widely applied.
Plus de valeur pour plus de satisfaction ? Etude du rôle modérateur du cumul d’expériences du consommateur
Authors: Maubisson Laurent , Rivière Arnaud
Published: September 2020

Alors que la littérature souligne l’importance de la valeur perçue dans l’analyse du comportement du consommateur, force est de constater qu’elle ne produit pas toujours les effets escomptés sur la satisfaction. En vue d’expliquer ce constat, cet article réplique et approfondit l’analyse du rôle modérateur du cumul d’expériences du consommateur sur les liens entre la valeur perçue et la satisfaction. A cette fin, deux études (n1=1140 et n2=437) mobilisant des mesures analytiques de la valeur (générique et contingente) sont menées dans un contexte empreint à de fréquentes interactions individu*objet : le secteur audiovisuel. Le résultat principal de cette recherche souligne qu’à mesure que les expériences antérieures de consommation d’une émission TV s’accumulent, la capacité de la valeur à expliquer la satisfaction décroît alors même que les niveaux de valeur et de satisfaction vis-à-vis du programme augmentent.
Dependents and Deviants: The Social Construction of Asian Migrant Women in the United States
Authors: Moon Deborah J.
Published: September 2020

The pathways of equitable access to work and residency for migrants in the United States are fraught with inconsistencies. Spouses of migrants on a specialty occupation visa (H1B) cannot obtain a social security number, and therefore, their legal standing entirely depends on their H1B spouses. Moreover, these spouses, who are predominantly women from non-Western countries, are strictly prohibited from participating in any type of income-generating activities, including self-employment. Restriction on migrant spouses’ workforce participation perpetuates their involuntary financial dependency, which creates such problems as lowered self-esteem, depression, suicidality, marital problems, and domestic violence. In this article, I build on the previous works to further illuminate how the social construction, that is, a popular image or stereotypes of non-Western women as dependents and deviants might have contributed to creating and maintaining the H4 visa regulations while contemplating its long-term impact in light of the U.S. nation-building effort based on the Theory of Social Construction of Target Populations. The social construction lens offers a framework for social work scholars, educators, and practitioners to critically examine and articulate the mechanisms through which stereotypes and bias toward vulnerable populations influence policy design and thereby dictate their life choices and positioning in society.
Physical Harm Reduction in Domestic Violence: Does Marijuana Make Assaults Safer?
Authors: Kaplan Jacob , Goh Li Sian
Published: September 2020

Studies on the effect of marijuana on domestic violence often suffer from endogeneity issues. To examine the effect of marijuana decriminalization and medical marijuana legalization on serious domestic assaults, we conducted a difference-in-differences analysis on a panel dataset on NIBRS-reported assaults in 24 states over the 12 years between 2005 and 2016. Assaults disaggregated according to situation and extent of injury were employed as dependent variables. We found that while the total number of assaults did not change, decriminalization reduced domestic assaults involving serious injuries by 18%. From a harm reduction perspective, these results suggest that while the extensive margin of violence did not change, the intensive margin measured by the seriousness of assaults were substantially affected by decriminalization. This result may be partially explained by reductions in offender alcohol intoxication and weapon-involved assault.
Identity Politics or Economics? Explaining Voter Support for Hungary’s Illiberal FIDESZ
Authors: Scoggins Bermond
Published: September 2020

This article tests cultural and economic explanations of why the longest surviving illiberal government in Central Europe, Hungary’s FIDESZ, has maintained popular support throughout two elections despite dismantling institutional checks and balances. Much of the literature on illiberalism in Central Europe attributes the appeal and successes of these governments to the brand of identity politics and rhetorical vilification of “others” practiced by their leaders. Yet the role of economic growth, a strong determinant of voter behaviour, has received little theoretical attention in accounting for illiberal party support. Using five rounds of European Social Survey data from 2010 to 2018, I show that economic satisfaction rather than a host of cultural factors, notably anti-migrant and anti-European Union attitudes, better predicts support for FIDESZ and satisfaction with government. I examine the implications of these results for understanding and conceptualising voter behaviour under backsliding. Voters may not understand what backsliding is and therefore are unable to penalise it or they may take information about backsliding into account and judge backsliding to be the price of prosperity. These findings and the discussion of voter behaviour raise important questions about the role of economic growth in sustaining illiberalism in Central Europe and other third wave democracies.
Reminders of Everyday Misinformation Statements Can Enhance Memory for and Beliefs in Corrections of Those Statements in the Short Term
Authors: Wahlheim Christopher N. , Alexander Timothy R. , Peske Carson D.
Published: September 2020

Fake-news exposure can cause misinformation to be mistakenly remembered and believed. In two experiments ( Ns = 96), we examined whether reminders of misinformation could improve memory for and beliefs in corrections. Subjects read factual statements and misinformation statements taken from news websites and then read statements that corrected the misinformation. Misinformation reminders appeared before some corrections but not others. Subjects then attempted to recall facts, indicated their belief in those recalls, and indicated whether they remembered corrections and misinformation. In Experiment 1, we did not constrain subjects’ report criteria. But in Experiment 2, we encouraged conservative reporting by instructing subjects to report only information they believed to be true. Reminders increased recall and belief accuracy. These benefits were greater both when misinformation was recollected and when subjects remembered that corrections had occurred. These findings demonstrate one situation in which misinformation reminders can diminish the negative effects of fake-news exposure in the short term.
The Social Imaginary of Emancipation in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Laine Lauri , Kibler Ewald
Published: September 2020

This article contributes to the research agenda of emancipatory entrepreneurship by developing the understanding of emancipation as a social imaginary in entrepreneurship. In particular, we draw on fiction and philosophical hermeneutics to generate three ideal types of the social imaginary of emancipation in entrepreneurship theorizing. Building on our hermeneutic analysis, we introduce a framework that explains how entrepreneurship theorizing can strengthen, undermine, and shape emancipatory practices as well as the social imaginary of emancipation. We conclude our article by explicating and discussing the relevancy of emancipation in and for entrepreneurship theorizing across different social imaginaries and social practices.
Attenuation characteristics of stress wave in cracked concrete beam using smart aggregate transducers enabled time-reversal technique
Authors: Zhou Lingzhu , Zheng Yu , Ma Hongwei , Song Gangbing
Published: September 2020

Piezoelectric enabled stress wave methods for concrete structural health monitoring have been widely researched. However, the attenuation characteristics of stress wave in cracked concrete structures have barely been studied. As a result, it is hard to quantify the damage levels of the concrete structure. In this paper, the attenuation characteristics of stress wave in cracked concrete beam are studied using stress wave with the time-reversal technique. The attenuation model of stress waves related to the focused signal amplitude and the total crack width of concrete beam is proposed. In this study, a series of 18 concrete beams were tested using a four-point loading. During the test procedure, the signals of stress wave from the piezoelectric smart aggregate transducers in all the test specimens were collected to facilitate the proposed model. The test data of 12 beams are used to determine the attenuation coefficient of stress wave per unit crack width, and the test data of the other six beams are used to validate the accuracy of the proposed attenuation model. The results indicate that the prediction results based on the stress wave attenuation model are in good agreement with the test results of cracked concrete beams.
A multi-site study examining the usability of a virtual reality game designed to improve retention of sterile catheterization skills in nursing students
Authors: Breitkreuz Karen R. , Kardong-Edgren Suzan , Gilbert Gregory E. , DeBlieck Connie , Maske Mariam , Hallock Christy , Lanzara Susan , Parrish Kathryn , Rossler Kelly , Turkelson Carman , Ellertson Anthony , Brown Kimberly N. , Swetavage Taylor , Werb Michael , Kuchler Elizabeth G. , Saiki Lori S. , Noe Shelly R.
Published: September 2020

A usability study of a Virtual Reality Sterile Urinary Catheter Insertion Game (VR SUCIG) was conducted to understand user needs in regards to this game.

Background:

Learning and retention of psychomotor skills in health care is essential to safe clinical practice. Bauman suggests games are most useful when they are part of a layered-learning approach; in other words, they support various forms of learning and serve as cognitive aids ( Bauman et al., 2014 ).

Intervention:

The VR Sterile Urinary Catheter Insertion Game (VRSUCIG) was created by nurses and a computer gaming developer to provide nursing students with a cost-effective way to practice sterile catheter insertion skills in a systematic, evidence-based manner. A usability study and user reaction survey were conducted to gain a deep understanding of user’s needs.

Methods:

Three hundred nursing students, from 9 US nursing schools participated. Participants played the VR SUCIG and completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) and a User Reaction Survey (URS).

Results:

The SUS for the 2nd generation of the VR SUCIG was 57, or medium usability. The URS demonstrated the game motivated them to keep practicing. The VR SUCIG promoted repetitive practice of the skill and visually accentuated the concept of sterility. Conclusions. User reactions indicate that nursing students were eager and excited to utilize this technology. Usability scores indicate further refinement of technology is needed.
Surgical Strategies: Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Foot and Ankle Treated With Dermal Regeneration Matrix for Limb Salvage
Authors: Narayanan Arvind S. , Walley Kempland C. , Borenstein Todd , Luther G. Aman , Jackson J. Benjamin , Gonzalez Tyler A.
Published: September 2020

Although necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening entity that needs expeditious treatment, cases involving the lower extremity are less commonly encountered than in the upper extremity. Surgical intervention is often required and likely lead to amputation (below-knee or above-knee) vs debridement in the lower extremity.

Coverage options in the foot and ankle after serial debridements can present many challenges for limb salvage. Patients are often left with large soft tissue defects requiring coverage with a subsequent increase in relative morbidity. Treatment options for coverage in these cases include negative-pressure wound therapy, split-thickness skin grafting, free flap coverage, or higher-level amputation. In the diabetic population, who present with a lower extremity necrotizing infection, limb salvage is often a challenge given the multiple comorbidities associated with these patients including peripheral vascular disease, immunocompromised state, and neuropathy. Optimal treatment strategies for these necrotizing infections in the foot and ankle remain uncertain.

We offer a technique tip for utilization of a dermal regeneration matrix to allow coverage of large soft tissue defect with exposed tendon and/or bone without the need for free flap coverage or higher-level amputation, thus allowing for an additional limb salvage option.

Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
Messy methods: Making sense of participatory research with young people in PE and sport
Authors: Fitzgerald Hayley , Stride Annette , Enright Eimear
Published: September 2020

Participatory research with young people has become an approach increasingly adopted by researchers within PE and sport. In this paper, we draw on our research diaries to collectively reflect on our experiences of attempting to work in participatory ways. Although we each work with different young people and have adopted differing participatory approaches, there are similarities in our research experiences. This includes recurring accounts of ‘muddling through’ and messiness occupying our reflections. We are also struck by the absence of concern within the literature to reveal the messiness of research. In light of our shared musings about participatory research with different young people, this paper offers some preliminary thoughts about our experiences of dealing with this messiness. We take as our focus the increasing concerns to support rights-based research that advocates inclusion, participation and empowerment, and draw on our research to explore how these features were worked towards. In these discussions we are open about the limitations of the research, challenges encountered and the resultant messiness arising. Our conclusion turns to what it might mean if researchers were more transparent about the usually unpredictable, messy and confusing situations that arise in the practice of doing participatory research with young people.
A fully Bayesian approach to sparse reduced-rank multivariate regression
Authors: Yang Dunfu , Goh Gyuhyeong , Wang Haiyan
Published: September 2020

In the context of high-dimensional multivariate linear regression, sparse reduced-rank regression (SRRR) provides a way to handle both variable selection and low-rank estimation problems. Although there has been extensive research on SRRR, statistical inference procedures that deal with the uncertainty due to variable selection and rank reduction are still limited. To fill this research gap, we develop a fully Bayesian approach to SRRR. A major difficulty that occurs in a fully Bayesian framework is that the dimension of parameter space varies with the selected variables and the reduced-rank. Due to the varying-dimensional problems, traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods such as Gibbs sampler and Metropolis-Hastings algorithm are inapplicable in our Bayesian framework. To address this issue, we propose a new posterior computation procedure based on the Laplace approximation within the collapsed Gibbs sampler. A key feature of our fully Bayesian method is that the model uncertainty is automatically integrated out by the proposed MCMC computation. The proposed method is examined via simulation study and real data analysis.
Neoliberalism, leadership, and democracy: Schumpeter on “Schumpeterian” theories of entrepreneurship
Authors: Piano Natasha
Published: September 2020

This article reinterprets Schumpeter’s theory of entrepreneurship in a decidedly un-“Schumpeterian” way, and argues that continued emphasis on Schumpeter’s alleged glorification of the entrepreneur constitutes a missed opportunity for democratic critics of capitalism and neoliberalism. I demonstrate that Schumpeter did not exalt the individual entrepreneur as the paradigm for economic and political leadership in capitalist societies, and I show that he offers a surprisingly robust resource for reconceptualizing entrepreneurship. Schumpeter theorized entrepreneurship: (1) as a phenomenon that could not be exemplified by either individual persons or strictly private entities; (2) as a conceptual mechanism for analyzing change in the history of capitalism; and (3) even as evidence that political and economic leadership should not be conflated in modern democratic societies. By contextualizing Schumpeter’s discussions of the entrepreneur, I suggest that a reconsideration of Schumpeter’s actual theory of entrepreneurship would invigorate contemporary debates about the role of leadership in capitalist economies and liberal-democratic polities.
Timed physical exercise does not influence circadian rhythms and glucose tolerance in rotating night shift workers: The EuRhythDia study
Authors: Hannemann Juliane , Laing Anika , Glismann Karin , Skene Debra J , Middleton Benita , Staels Bart , Marx Nikolaus , Grant Peter J , Federici Massimo , Niebauer Josef , Böger Rainer
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

Night shift workers are at cardiometabolic risk due to circadian misalignment. We investigated whether infrequent exercise before each night shift that intentionally would not improve physical performance improves glucose tolerance and 24-h blood pressure profiles and synchronizes circadian rhythms of melatonin and cortisol in rotating night shift workers.

Methods:

A total of 24 rotating night shift workers (mean age, 35.7 ± 11.8 years) were randomized to exercise or no intervention. Workers in the exercise group performed 15.2 ± 4.5 exercise sessions within 2 h before each night shift. Before and after 12 weeks of exercise intervention and 12 weeks after the intervention, spiroergometry, oral glucose tolerance testing and 24-h blood pressure profiles were performed. Plasma melatonin and cortisol levels were measured in 3-hourly intervals during one 24-h period on each study day.

Results:

Exercise did not significantly change serum glucose nor insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance testing. Timed physical exercise had no effect on physical performance, nor did it change the circadian rhythms of melatonin and cortisol or influence 24-h blood pressure profiles.

Conclusion:

Physical exercise before each night shift at a low intensity level that does not improve physical performance does not affect circadian timing, glucose tolerance or 24-h blood pressure profiles in rotating night shift workers.
Lower Leg Reconstruction With Free Tissue Transfer Using Reverse Flow Recipient Vein: A Case Report
Authors: Moon Jeehyun , Lee Kyeong-Tae , Park Jin-Woo
Published: September 2020

Since the introduction of distally based flap, the concept of reverse flow flap was expanded to free tissue transfers. For recipient vessels, retrograde arterial inflow is considered a safe option for anastomosis. However, the reliability of a retrograde recipient vein remains controversial. This report presents a case of successful lower leg reconstruction with free flap using a retrograde recipient vein. A 43-year-old woman had a mass lesion in the lateral side of the right calf, which was diagnosed as a malignant granular cell tumor. During wide excision of the tumor, the anterior tibial artery (ATA) and veins were ligated and resected at the bifurcation point from the popliteal artery and veins because the tumor abutted on the ATA near the bifurcation. The skin defect measured 17 × 7 cm with the proximal part of the tibia and lateral condyle exposed. A 19 × 7.5 cm anterolateral thigh flap was elevated, and anastomoses were performed using the distal end of the ATA and anterior tibial vein as retrograde recipient vessels. The flap was well perfused, and no signs of venous insufficiency were observed. Complete survival with no postoperative complications was achieved. In free tissue transfers of the lower leg, retrograde venous flow can be considered as a recipient vein when an antegrade vein is not available or has risks of venous insufficiency.
Human Biofield Therapy Modulates Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Stemness in Mouse Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Peiying , Rhea Patrea R. , Conway Tara , Nookala Sita , Hegde Venkatesh , Gagea Mihai , Ajami Nadim J. , Harribance Sean L. , Ochoa Jewel , Sastry Jagannadha K. , Cohen Lorenzo
Published: September 2020

Studies have demonstrated that purported biofield therapy emitted from humans can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and suppress tumor growth in various cancers. We explored the effects of biofield therapy on tumor growth in the Lewis lung carcinoma and expanded mechanistic outcomes. We found biofield therapy did not inhibit tumor growth. However, the experimental (Ex) condition exposed tumors had a significantly higher percentage of necrosis (24.4 ± 6.8%) compared with that of the Control condition (6.5 ± 2.7%; P < .02) and cleaved caspase-3 positive cells were almost 2.3-fold higher ( P < .05). Similarly, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes profiling showed that CD8+/CD45+ immune cell population was significantly increased by 2.7-fold in Ex condition ( P < .01) whereas the number of intratumoral FoxP3+/CD4+ (T-reg cells) was 30.4% lower than that of the Control group ( P = .01), leading to a significant 3.1-fold increase in the ratio of CD8+/T-reg cells ( P < .01). Additionally, there was a 51% lower level of strongly stained CD68+ cells ( P < .01), 57.9% lower level of F4/80high/CD206+ (M2 macrophages; P < .02) and a significant 1.8-fold increase of the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages ( P < .02). Furthermore, Ex exposure resulted in a 15% reduction of stem cell marker CD44 and a significant 33% reduction of SOX2 compared with that of the Controls ( P < .02). The Ex group also engaged in almost 50% less movement throughout the session than the Controls. These findings suggest that exposure to purported biofields from a human is capable of enhancing cancer cell death, in part mediated through modification of the tumor microenvironment and stemness of tumor cells in mouse Lewis lung carcinoma model. Future research should focus on defining the optimal treatment duration, replication with different biofield therapists, and exploring the mechanisms of action.
An Anatomy of Liberal Peace From the Case of Land Tenure in Burundi: Towards an Intermedial Perspective
Authors: Bisoka Aymar Nyenyezi , Giraud Cécile
Published: September 2020

Most national and international observers perceive recent political developments in Burundi (Nkurunziza’s third term as head of state, constitutional reforms in 2018, presidential elections process in 2020) as a violation of the Arusha Peace Agreement signed in 2000, which was the cornerstone of the Burundian peace process. This article discusses the normative approach often adopted to evaluate the success or failure of the Arusha Agreement through an analysis of the variance between stipulations of the agreement and the reality on the ground. By mobilising intermedial interpretations of peace success, we proffer that the Arusha Agreement should be seen as a key moment in a dynamic process marked by power relations. Using a case of returnee land rights, we show that in actuality, the provisions of the Arusha Agreement were never fully implemented; revealing the real element that shaped the domain of returnee land in Burundi: power relations that express actors’ interests.
Factors influencing decision making for kidney transplantation among Black and Latino patients on dialysis: A qualitative study applying the social ecological model
Authors: Wong Diandra , Adjei-Bosompem Tina , Maxwell Lakia , Melendez-Suarez Jennifer , Smith Barry , Boutin-Foster Carla
Published: September 2020

Objectives

This qualitative study explored factors that may influence decisions regarding kidney transplantation among African-American and Latino adults on dialysis.

Methods

Qualitative interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Open-coding techniques were used to identify concepts, categories, and themes. The Social Ecological Model (SEM) was used to organize themes and identify potential solutions across multiple levels (individual, interpersonal, community, and policy/health system).

Results

Thirty-six patients were interviewed. Their mean age was 53 SD 12 years; 50% were female; and their duration on dialysis was 4.9 SD 6 years. Five themes emerged and were organized according to the levels of the SEM: 1) Fear about the outcomes of transplantation and 2) faith in God (individual level); 3) Family dynamics and reluctance to involve family in the decision making process (interpersonal level); 4) The experiences of friends and social networks (community level); and 5) Concerns about the social and economic impact of transplantation (policy and health system).

Discussion

The application of a Social Ecological model in this study helped to illuminate the complex and multilevel factors that may influence the decisions for kidney transplantation. Future studies are needed to further explore how family members, social networks, faith communities, and policies/health systems influence the decision making process.
Construct Validation of Experimental Manipulations in Social Psychology: Current Practices and Recommendations for the Future
Authors: Chester David S. , Lasko Emily N.
Published: September 2020

Experimental manipulations in social psychology must exhibit construct validity by influencing their intended psychological constructs. Yet how do experimenters in social psychology attempt to establish the construct validity of their manipulations? Following a preregistered plan, we coded 348 experimental manipulations from the 2017 issues of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Representing a reliance on “on-the-fly” experimentation, the vast majority of these manipulations were created ad hoc for a given study and were not previously validated before implementation. A minority of manipulations had their construct validity evaluated by pilot testing before implementation or via a manipulation check. Of the manipulation checks administered, most were face valid, single-item self-reports, and only a few met criteria for “true” validation. In aggregate, roughly two fifths of manipulations relied solely on face validity. To the extent that they are representative of the field, these results suggest that best practices for validating manipulations are not commonplace—a potential contributor to replicability issues. These issues can be remedied by validating manipulations before implementation using validated manipulation checks, standardizing manipulation protocols, estimating the size and duration of manipulations’ effects, and estimating each manipulation’s effects on multiple constructs within the target nomological network.
Which cognitive functions subserve clustering and switching in category fluency? Generalisations from an extended set of semantic categories using linear mixed-effects modelling
Authors: Fong Manson Cheuk-Man , Hui Nga Yan , Fung Edith Sze-Wan , Ma Matthew King-Hang , Law Tammy Sheung-Ting , Wang Xiaoyang , Wang William Shiyuan
Published: September 2020

Clustering and switching are hypothesised to reflect the automatic and controlled components in category fluency, respectively, but how they are associated with cognitive functions has not been fully elucidated, due to several uncertainties. (1) The conventional scoring method that segregates responses by semantic categories could not optimally dissociate the automatic and controlled components. (2) The temporal structure of individual responses, as characterised by mean retrieval time (MRT) and mean switching time (MST), has seldom been analysed alongside the more well-studied variables, cluster size (CS) and number of switches (NS). (3) Most studies examined only one to a few semantic categories, raising concerns of generalisability. This study built upon a distance-based automatic clustering procedure, referred to as temporal–semantic distance procedure, to thoroughly characterise the category fluency performance. Linear mixed-effects (LME) modelling was applied to re-examine the differential associations of clustering and switching with cognitive functions with a sample of 80 university students. Our results revealed that although lexical retrieval speed (LRS) is clearly the determining factor for effective clustering and switching, matrix reasoning and processing speed also have significant roles to play, possibly in the processes of identifying and validating the semantic relationships. Interestingly, total fluency score was accurately predicted by the four clustering/switching indices alone; including the cognitive variables did not significantly improve the prediction. These findings underline the importance of the clustering and switching indices in explaining the category fluency performance and the cognitive demands in category fluency.