bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Update on dermatomyositis in adults
Authors: Schlecht Nora , Sunderkötter Cord , Niehaus Sabine , Nashan Dorothée
Published: September 2020

Dermatomyositis (DM) in adults has a prevalence of 6–7 per 100,000 population per year. This dedicated compact overview was prepared due to an increasing incidence as well as an often underestimated systemic involvement and new developments in myositis‐specific antibodies (MSA). The spectrum of clinical dermatological and systemic symptoms is described. Related diagnostic procedures are depicted, and therapeutic regimens based on the German S2k guidelines and the current literature are presented.

The urgency of an early diagnosis is emphasized as about 30 % of patients with DM manifest a tumor. Etiopathology is often associated with pulmonary fibrosis, and inflammation of myositis can cause irreversible muscle damage. Clinical signs and correct interpretation of serological markers can deliver valuable information on the extent of DM, and provide an indication for further diagnostic procedures, prognosis and choice of therapy.
Psychosocial stress of dermatology inpatients and their relatives – Comparison of patients with and without cancer
Authors: Buchhold Britta , Wiesmann Ulrich , Röske Kathrin , Lutze Stine , Arnold Andreas , Jülich Andreas , Ramp Marleen , Jünger Michael , Hannich Hans‐Joachim
Published: September 2020

Background

In the clinical treatment pathways of certified oncological centers, psychotherapeutic services are mandatory. Although patients with somatic, non‐oncological illnesses show an equally high prevalence of psychosocial stress, these guidelines do not exist for the general hospital sector. Are these patients really less burdened and is psychological support only needed in individual cases? The example of dermatological patients will be used to show whether the need for psychosocial care and the desire for support vary between individuals with and without malignant disease.

Patients and methods

Using the Hornheider screening instrument and distress thermometer, 216 dermatological inpatients assessed their psychosocial stress and that of a close relative. In addition, they were asked about their desire for support and preferred support provider.

Results

i) Patients without skin cancer were more frequently and more severely distressed than cancer patients. ii) Patients of both groups assessed their relatives to be approximately equally distressed. Compared with their own distress, cancer patients assessed their relatives as more frequently and on average more severely distressed. More than 50 % of all patients regarded their own disease as the cause of their relatives’ distress. iii) The desire for support in both groups was about 18 %. iv) Doctors and psychologists were usually named as potential contact persons.

Conclusions

The expansion of psychosocial support services for non‐tumor patients and their relatives seems necessary. The establishment of appropriate screening methods should be considered. Further studies in other clinical areas are required.
2020 New World Order
Authors: Wallace Beverly
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes that as the nation move toward the 2020 election, civil harmony might be possible with an ideological shift. Using the words of writer Sylvia Wynter in her work, “ 1492: New World View” who suggest that although this country was structured with domination and subjugation from its inception, this nation could be reimagined to embrace diverse people co‐existing. Understanding too that reconciliation must be defined by those who are marginalized, the author using an Afro‐futuristic ideology for a 2020 New World Order suggest that the Black Lives Matter movement could carry the torch.
Globalization of the #chatsafe guidelines: Using social media for youth suicide prevention
Authors: Robinson Jo , Teh Zoe , Lamblin Michelle , Hill Nicole T. M. , La Sala Louise , Thorn Pinar
Published: September 2020

Young people use social media to communicate about suicide, however, they often feel ill‐equipped to share their own experiences or to respond to expressions of risk by others.

Aims

To describe the adaptation of the Australian #chatsafe guidelines for an international audience, and their initial roll out via social media.

Methods

An online survey (n = 48) and two workshops (n = 47) conducted between August and December 2019. Thirty‐eight countries were represented.

Results

Minimal adaptation of the Australian guidelines was required however, an abbreviated version and a suite of social media assets were developed. In the 6 weeks following publication the international guidelines were downloaded ~4100 times and the social media content reached over one million young people.

Conclusion

The fact that the guidelines and campaign content appear to have had such success speaks to the need for young people to feel better equipped to communicate safely about suicide online.
Modulation of binocular rivalry with rapid monocular visual stimulation
Authors: Abuleil Dania , McCulloch Daphne L. , Patterson Heidi , Thompson Benjamin
Published: September 2020

Rapid visual stimulation can increase synaptic efficacy by repeated synaptic activation. This long‐term potentiation‐like (LTP‐like) effect can induce increased excitability in the human visual cortex. To examine the effect of rapid visual stimulation on perception, we tested the hypothesis that rapid monocular visual stimulation would increase the dominance of the stimulated eye in a binocular rivalry task. Participants (n = 25) viewed orthogonal 0.5 cpd gratings presented in a dichoptic anaglyph to induce binocular rivalry. Rivalry dynamics (alternation rate, dominance, and piecemeal durations) were recorded before and after 2 min of rapid monocular stimulation (9 Hz flicker of one grating) or a binocular control condition (9 Hz alternation of the orthogonal gratings viewed binocularly). Rapid monocular stimulation did not affect alternation rates or piecemeal percept duration. Unexpectedly, the rivalry dominance of the stimulated eye was significantly reduced. A further experiment revealed that this effect could not be explained by monocular adaptation. Together, the results suggest that rapid monocular stimulation boosts dominance in the non‐stimulated eye, possibly by activating homeostatic interocular gain control mechanisms.
Wolff on duties of esteem in the law of peoples
Authors: Blank Andreas
Published: September 2020

The role that the desire for self‐worth plays in international relations has become a prominent topic in contemporary political theory. Contemporary accounts are based on the notion of national self‐worth as a function of status; therefore, the desire for national self‐worth is seen as a source of anxiety and conflict over status. By contrast, according to Christian Wolff, there exists a duty to take care that both one's own and other political communities deserve to be esteemed. In his view, this duty is grounded in the duty of self‐perfection because the qualities for which communities deserve to be esteemed are those that promote the self‐perfection of individuals. From this perspective, he argues that duties of esteem toward political communities should not be seen as an outcome of power relations but rather as an outcome of the fulfillment of functions of the law of peoples. Wolff's line of argument draws attention to the possibility that anger over a violation of the desire for honor could be mistaken for an expression of specific culture‐specific sensitivities, while what really may be expressed is a diverging interpretation of the implications of dependence in international relations.
Left Wittgensteinianism
Authors: Queloz Matthieu , Cueni Damian
Published: September 2020

Social and political concepts are indispensable yet historically and culturally variable in a way that poses a challenge: how can we reconcile confident commitment to them with awareness of their contingency? In this article, we argue that available responses to this problem—Foundationalism,Ironism, andRight Wittgensteinianism—are unsatisfactory. Instead, we draw on the work of Bernard Williams to tease out and develop aLeft Wittgensteinianresponse. In present‐day pluralistic and historically self‐conscious societies,mereconfidence in our concepts is not enough. For modern individuals who are ineluctably aware of conceptual change, engaged concept‐use requiresreasonableconfidence, and in the absence of rational foundations, the possibility of reasonable confidence is tied to the possibility of critically discriminating between conceptual practices worth endorsing and those worth rejecting. We show that Left Wittgensteinianism offers such a basis for critical discrimination throughpoint‐based explanationsof conceptual practices which relate them to the needs of concept‐users. We end by considering how Left Wittgensteinianism guides our understanding of how conceptual practices can be revised in the face of new needs.
Head down tilt 15° in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: a randomized noninferiority safety trial
Authors: Beretta S. , Versace A. , Martini B. , Viganò M. , Diamanti S. , Pini C. , Paternò G. , Carone D. , Mariani J. , Monza L. , Riva M. , Padovano G. , Rossi E. , Citerio G. , Castoldi G. , Padelli F. , Giachetti I. , Aquino D. , Giussani C. , Sganzerla E. P. , Ferrarese C.
Published: September 2020

Background and purpose

Head down tilt 15° (HDT15°), applied before recanalization, increases collateral flow and improves outcome in experimental ischemic stroke. For its simplicity and low cost, HDT15° holds considerable potential to be developed as an emergency treatment of acute stroke in the prehospital setting, where hemorrhagic stroke is the major mimic of ischemic stroke. In this study, we assessed safety of HDT15° in the acute phase of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods

Intracerebral hemorrhage was produced by stereotaxic injection of collagenase in Wistar rats. A randomized noninferiority trial design was used to assign rats to HDT15° or flat position (n = 64). HDT15° was applied for 1 h during the time window of hematoma expansion. The primary outcome was hematoma volume at 24 h. Secondary outcomes were mass effect, mortality, and functional deficit in the main study and acute changes of intracranial pressure, hematoma growth, and cardiorespiratory parameters in separate sets of randomized animals (n = 32).

Results

HDT15° achieved the specified criteria of noninferiority for hematoma volume at 24 h. Mass effect, mortality, and functional deficit at 24 h showed no difference in the two groups. HDT15° induced a mild increase in intracranial pressure with respect to the pretreatment values (+2.91 ± 1.76 mmHg). HDT15° had a neutral effect on MRI‐based analysis of hematoma growth and cardiorespiratory parameters.

Conclusions

Application of HDT15° in the hyperacute phase of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage does not worsen early outcome. Further research is needed to implement HDT15° as an emergency collateral therapeutic for acute stroke.
Clinical pathology and ultrasonographic findings from a Warmblood gelding with primary, severe, acute pancreatitis
Authors: Lack A. C. , Crabtree N. E. , Won W. W. , Fontenot R. L.
Published: September 2020

A 24‐year‐old Warmblood gelding presented with a 6‐hour history of recurrent colic signs of increasing severity. Upon presentation, he was mildly painful, tachycardic and tachypnoeic and had decreased borborygmi. Nasogastric intubation resulted in no net reflux and rectal palpation revealed an ascending colon impaction. Percutaneous abdominal ultrasonography revealed dilated, thickened and hypomotile loops of small intestine. Complete blood count revealed leucopenia with neutropenia and an increased packed cell volume. Serum biochemistry revealed hyperproteinaemia, hyperglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and elevated liver enzymes. Despite sedation and fluid resuscitation, the gelding became severely colicky. A repeat ultrasound was performed, revealing a moderate amount of free fluid and a mass effect between the liver and right dorsal colon. Abdominocentesis yielded a yellow, turbid fluid containing free‐floating white debris with an increased total protein and lactate concentration. Cytology of the fluid revealed necrotic mesothelial cells. The gelding was humanely euthanised due to poor prognosis. Necropsy revealed acute, severe pancreatitis and duodenitis. The mass effect on ultrasonography was retrospectively identified as the pancreas exhibiting a similar architecture to that seen in cases of acute pancreatitis in small animals.
Fragmentation promotes the role of dispersal in determining 10 intermittent headwater stream metacommunities
Authors: Gauthier Maïlys , Launay Bertrand , Le Goff Guillaume , Pella Herve , Douady Christophe J. , Datry Thibault
Published: September 2020

Dispersal, defined as the movement of individuals among local communities in a landscape, is a central regional determinant of metacommunity dynamics in ecosystems. Whereas both natural and anthropogenic ecosystem fragmentations can limit dispersal, previous attempts to measure such limitations have faced considerable context dependency, due to a combination of spatial extent and associated environmental variability, the wide range of dispersal modes, and abilities of organisms or variation in network topologies. Therefore, the role dispersal plays compared to local environmental filtering in explaining metacommunity dynamics remains unclear in fragmented dendritic ecosystems.

We quantified α‐ and β‐diversity components of invertebrate metacommunities across 10 fragmented headwater stream networks and tested the hypothesis that dispersal is the primary determinant of biodiversity organisation in these dynamic and spatially constrained ecosystems.

Alpha‐diversity was much lower in intermittent than perennial reaches, even long after rewetting, indicating an overwhelming effect of drying including a legacy effect on local communities.

Beta‐diversity was never correlated with environmental distances but predominantly explained by spatial distances accounting for river network fragmentation. The nestedness proportion of β‐diversity was considerable and reflected compositional differences where communities from intermittent reaches were subsets of perennial reaches.

Altogether, these results indicate dispersal as the primary process shaping metacommunity dynamics in these 10 headwater stream networks, where local communities recurrently undergo extinction and recolonisation events. This challenges previous conceptual views that local environment filtering is the main driver of headwater stream metacommunities.

As river networks become increasingly fragmented due to global change, our results suggest that some freshwater ecosystems currently driven by local environment filtering could gradually become dispersal‐limited. In this perspective, shifts from perennial to intermittent flow regimes represent ecological thresholds that should not be crossed to avoid jeopardising river biodiversity, functional integrity, and the ecosystem services they provide to society.
Seed dispersal by neotropical waterfowl depends on bird species and seasonality
Authors: Silva Giliandro G. , Green Andy J. , Hoffman Pedro , Weber Vinícius , Stenert Cristina , Lovas‐Kiss Ádám , Maltchik Leonardo
Published: September 2020

Waterbird‐mediated endozoochory is an essential mechanism for the dispersal of sessile organisms in freshwater ecosystems. However, in the neotropics there are no previous studies of how different waterbird species vary in the dispersal functions they perform, and how seasonality influences endozoochory. In this study, we identified plant diaspores dispersed in faeces of five South American waterfowl (Brazilian tealAmazonetta brasiliensis, yellow‐billed tealAnas flavirostris,ringed tealCallonetta leucophrys, coscoroba swanCoscoroba coscoroba, and white‐faced whistling‐duckDendrocygna viduata).

We collected 165 faecal samples from five wetlands in southern Brazil surrounded by pasture and rice fields, then separated and measured intact seeds and other diaspores. Using generalised linear models, we tested how diaspore abundance and taxonomic richness differed among bird species and between cold (April–September) and warm (October–March) periods. We also analysed bird‐specific and seasonal variations in diaspore composition through principal coordinates analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. We used indicator species analysis to determine which diaspore species discriminated between bird species and seasons. Finally, we measured diaspore length in order to analyse differences among waterfowl species in the size of diaspores dispersed.

We found 2,066 intact diaspores from 40 different plant taxa, including seeds of 37 angiosperms and diaspores of Lycophyta (Isoetescf. maxima), Pteridophyta (Azolla filiculoides), and Charophyceae. There was at least one diaspore in 65% of all faecal samples. Diaspores of native amphibious and emergent plants were dominant. We found 1,835 diaspores (from 33 taxa) in the cold period but only 231 (23 taxa) in the warm period. Seeds of the grassZizaniopsis bonariensisand of the sedgeRynchosporasp. were the most abundant taxa. A strong interaction between bird species and season was the most important predictor of variation in both taxonomic richness and abundance of diaspores. The taxonomic composition of diaspores differed among waterfowl species and season. Indicator species analysis identified 12 plant taxa associated with particular bird species and seasons. Coscoroba swan, the largest bodied species in our study dispersed a higher proportion (8.2%) of large (length >2 mm) seeds.

Despite considerable overlap, there are important differences in the plants dispersed by each species, and the smallest (ringed teal) and largest (coscoroba swan) birds are particularly different. All five waterfowl species are distributed over wide areas of South America and here we demonstrated that they are likely to be important plant vectors connecting wetland species at different geographical scales. Many of these plants have previously been assumed to lack mechanisms for long‐distance dispersal.
Meta‐analysis of multiple driver effects on marine phytoplankton highlights modulating role ofpCO2
Authors: Seifert Miriam , Rost Björn , Trimborn Scarlett , Hauck Judith
Published: September 2020

Responses of marine primary production to a changing climate are determined by a concert of multiple environmental changes, for example in temperature, light,pCO2, nutrients, and grazing. To make robust projections of future global marine primary production, it is crucial to understand multiple driver effects on phytoplankton. This meta‐analysis quantifies individual and interactive effects of dual driver combinations on marine phytoplankton growth rates. Almost 50% of the single‐species laboratory studies were excluded because central data and metadata (growth rates, carbonate system, experimental treatments) were insufficiently reported. The remaining data (42 studies) allowed for the analysis of interactions ofpCO2with temperature, light, and nutrients, respectively. Growth rates mostly respond non‐additively, whereby the interaction with increasedpCO2profusely dampens growth‐enhancing effects of high temperature and high light. Multiple and single driver effects on coccolithophores differ from other phytoplankton groups, especially in their high sensitivity to increasingpCO2. Polar species decrease their growth rate in response to highpCO2, while temperate and tropical species benefit under these conditions. Based on the observed interactions and projected changes, we anticipate primary productivity to: (a) first increase but eventually decrease in the Arctic Ocean once nutrient limitation outweighs the benefits of higher light availability; (b) decrease in the tropics and mid‐latitudes due to intensifying nutrient limitation, possibly amplified by elevatedpCO2; and (c) increase in the Southern Ocean in view of higher nutrient availability and synergistic interaction with increasingpCO2. Growth‐enhancing effect of high light and warming to coccolithophores, mainlyEmiliania huxleyi, might increase their relative abundance as long as not offset by acidification. Dinoflagellates are expected to increase their relative abundance due to their positive growth response to increasingpCO2and light levels. Our analysis reveals gaps in the knowledge on multiple driver responses and provides recommendations for future work on phytoplankton.
Climate warming restructures an aquatic food web over 28 years
Authors: Tanentzap Andrew J. , Morabito Giuseppe , Volta Pietro , Rogora Michela , Yan Norman D. , Manca Marina
Published: September 2020

Climate warming can restructure lake food webs if trophic levels differ in their thermal responses, but evidence for these changes and their underlying mechanisms remain scarce in nature. Here we document how warming lake temperatures by up to 2°C, rather than changes in trophic state or fishing effort, have restructured the pelagic food web of a large European lake (Lake Maggiore, Italy). Our approach exploited abundance and biomass data collected weekly to yearly across five trophic levels from 1981 to 2008. Temperature generally had stronger effects on taxa than changes in fish predation or trophic state mediated through primary productivity. Consequently, we found that, as the lake warmed, the food web shifted in numerical abundance towards predators occupying middle trophic positions. Of these taxa, the spiny water flea (Bythotrephes longimanus) most prospered. Bythotrephes strongly limited abundances of the keystone grazer Daphnia, strengthening top‐down structuring of the food web. Warmer temperatures partly restructured the food web by advancing peak Bythotrephes densities by approximately 60 days and extending periods of positive population growth by three times. Nonetheless, our results suggested that advances in the timing and size of peak Bythotrephes densities could not outpace changes in the timing and size of peak densities in their Daphnia prey. Our results provide rare evidence from nature as to how long‐term warming can favour higher trophic levels, with the potential to strengthen top‐down control of food webs.
Implicit feminist solidarity(ies)? The role of gender in the social movements of the Greek crisis
Authors: Kouki Hara , Chatzidakis Andreas
Published: September 2020

This article explores the role of gender in the social movements of the Greek crisis. Building on extensive fieldwork, we observe a gradual shift from claim‐based, street mobilizations to locally embedded solidarity initiatives that addressed social reproduction needs in relation to food, health, education, and housing. We illustrate how this foregrounded social reproductive practices; challenged traditional divisions of labor and the temporalities and spatialities of movement organizing; and brought forward the value of building intersectional coalitions and of embracing affect and radical care. Despite the lack of explicitly articulated feminist values and principles, we argue that many social movements of the crisis therefore have cultivated situated and implicit modes of feminist solidarity that warrant further attention. Accordingly, we discuss the implications for feminist organizing and radical social movements more broadly.
Women and girls with haemophilia: Lessons learned
Authors: d'Oiron Roseline , O'Brien Sarah , James Andra H.
Published: September 2020

Severe and moderate factor VIII (FVIII) or IX (FIX) deficiencies in female carriers of haemophilia are rarely observed, but mild deficiency is quite frequent, although insufficiently recognized and registered. The confusion between the genetic diagnosis of the carriership, mainly assessed at adult age and the diagnosis of the bleeding disorder for those who have low factor levels often prevents early diagnosis of a potential bleeding risk. The factor levels in obligate or potential carriers of haemophilia can be assessed during childhood, possibly apart from genetic assays. The absence of early recognition of the bleeding disorder precludes the anticipation of menarche and the prevention of potential heavy menstrual bleeding to heavy menstrual bleeding. Standardized bleeding assessment tools (BAT) have demonstrated that women and girls with haemophilia (WGWH) have increased bleeding scores as compared to the general female population, however weakly correlating with factor levels. More recent evidence has highlighted that hemarthroses affect 4% to 19% of carriers and that some of them could experience sub‐clinical joint bleeding. Desmopressin for women with FVIII deficiency and abnormal ISTH‐BAT scores had a significantly lower FVIII response to DDAVP compared to those with normal bleeding scores, which could at least partially explain more postsurgical bleeding. Management of delivery of haemophilia carriers requires attention to the risks of maternal bleeding, the risks of foetal bleeding, preconception and prenatal care, strategies to reduce maternal bleeding, choice of mode of delivery to reduce foetal/neonatal bleeding, and postpartum care. Either prior to pregnancy, or during early pregnancy, a plan should be developed that addresses the needs of both the mother and her unborn baby. If the unborn baby is a male proven to be or potentially affected by moderate or severe form of haemophilia, there is a risk of severe foetal bleeding, so a planned caesarean delivery may be preferred. If the unborn baby is a carrier, or potentially affected carrier, there is still the risk of non‐severe bleeding so invasive foetal procedures and operative vaginal delivery (forceps or vacuum) should be avoided. Further studies based on large cohorts will help the community to favour earlier diagnosis, increase knowledge on WGWH and promote better care.
Medication‐specific variations in morphological patterns of injury in immune check‐point inhibitor‐associated colitis
Authors: Isidro Raymond A , Ruan Alex B , Gannarapu Swetha , Raj Dhanya , Rahma Osama , Grover Shilpa , Srivastava Amitabh
Published: September 2020

Aims

A varied spectrum of histopathological changes has been associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) colitis. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of different histopathological patterns of injury in patients with ICI colitis and their association with specific immune check‐point inhibitors.

Methods and results

Biopsies from patients with clinically and histologically confirmed ICI colitis were reviewed blindly to determine the predominant pattern of injury and to quantitate discrete histological parameters using the Geboes score. Paneth cell metaplasia, intraepithelial lymphocytes, abnormal subepithelial collagen and degree of crypt epithelial apoptosis was also recorded. A total of 86 patients with ICI colitis (ipilimumab, n = 14; ipilimumab + nivolumab, n = 29; nivolumab, n = 20 and pembrolizumab, n = 23) were included. The patterns of injury identified included diffuse active colitis (n = 22), chronic active colitis (n = 22), lymphocytic colitis (LC, n = 16), collagenous colitis (CC, n = 14), graft‐versus‐host disease‐like colitis (n = 7) and mixed colitis (n = 5). Patients on ipilimumab were more likely to have a diffuse active colitis pattern without features of chronicity (P < 0.01) and less likely to have LC (P < 0.05) compared to other ICIs. LC and CC were more common in patients on nivolumab and pembrolizumab relative to other groups (P < 0.05). Chronic active colitis was most frequent in nivolumab patients (P < 0.05), and these patients had received more ICI doses and had been on ICI treatment longer compared to other treatment groups.

Conclusions

ICI colitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all the common inflammatory patterns of colitis and shows medication specific differences in patterns of injury.
Petrogenesis and geodynamic implications of the late Triassic bojites in Yajiangqiao area, Hunan Province, South China
Authors: Yu Yushuai , Dai Pingyun , Zhou Yun , Xie Fei
Published: September 2020

The mafic igneous activities in the late Triassic play an important role in the tectonic evolution of the South China Block (SCB). In this paper, relevant data of the bojites in Yajiangqiao area, eastern Hunan Province, South China were provided, including zircon U–Pb ages, whole‐rock geochemical data, Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data, and zircon Hf isotope data. These data indicate that the bojites were crystallized at ~ 215.7 Ma, and thus are coeval with biotite monzonitic granites of Yajiangqiao pluton. The bojite samples feature a low SiO2 content of 48.84–49.94 wt%, a low ALK (K2O + Na2O) content of 5.13–6.13 wt%, a relatively high Al2O3 content of 17.64–21.22 wt%, a moderate MgO content of 4.32–7.07 wt%, and a moderate FeOT content of 5.66–7.33 wt%. In addition, the samples have a total rare earth element (REE) content of 108–163 ppm. They display right‐declined REE patterns, enriched in light rare earth elements and large‐ion lithophile elements (such as Rb, K, Th, and U) and depleted in high field strength elements (such as Nb, Ta, P, and Ti). All the samples have homogeneous Sr–Nd–Pb and zircon Hf isotopic compositions, with the (87Sr/86Sr)i ratio varying from 0.708 202 to 0.709 515, (143Nd/144Nd)i ratio from 0.512 156 to 0.512 229, (206Pb/204Pb)t ratio from 18.185 to 18.264, (207Pb/204Pb)t ratio from 15.667 to 15.672, (208Pb/204Pb)t ratio from 38.510 to 38.587, and initial 176Hf/177Hf ratio ranging from 0.282 428 to 0.282 530. Meanwhile, the calculated εNd(t) and εHf(t) values range from −4.0 to −2.6 and from −7.9 to −4.1, respectively, with two‐stage Nd model ages of 1.20–1.32 Ga and two‐stage Hf model ages of 1.35–1.56 Ga, respectively. As indicated by geochemical data, the primitive magmas of the bojites in Yajiangqiao area were derived from lithospheric mantle in post‐collisional extensional environment, which underwent low‐degree partial melting (1–5 %) of spinel‐garnet lherzolites (spinel > garnet) and was subjected to metasomatism of slab‐derived fluids. Furthermore, it can be concluded from these data and previous data that the SCB was transformed from syn‐collisional compression to post‐collisional extension in the late Triassic (~ 234 Ma) and the post‐collisional extension lasted until 215 Ma.
Comparison of genetic patterns between European and Asian populations of an endangered butterfly species
Authors: Śliwińska Ewa B. , Martyka Rafał , Woyciechowski MichaŁ , Blinov Alexander , Nowicki Piotr , Stettmer Christian , Kajzer‐Bonk Joanna , Witek Magdalena , Bräu Markus , Gros Patrick , MÜhlenberg Michael , Slowik Jolanta , Tryjanowski Piotr , Settele Josef
Published: September 2020

Less transformed and managed grassland habitats in Asia serve as a good frame of reference for studies on demographics and ecological situations of grassland species in Europe. In this study, using AFLPs (transposon insertion display), we compared the genetic structures of populations of the endangered and highly specialised scarce large blue (Phengaris teleius, Bergsträsser, 1779) butterfly from Europe (Germany, Poland, and Ukraine) and Asia (Siberia and Mongolia).

There are no differences in levels of intra‐population genetic variability between European and Asian P. teleius populations. Nevertheless, we found significantly higher genetic differentiation (wider scattering) among European populations than among Asian populations. All examined Eurasian populations were admixed, except for those from the Bavarian region (Germany) where an atypical genetic structure was observed for P. teleius. Individual membership probabilities to a population were higher and more variable among European populations than among Asian populations. Comparison of genetic spatial structures revealed an isolation‐by‐distance effect in both European and Asian populations. Genetic autocorrelation analysis showed that significant dissimilarity among individuals first appeared at a distance of 1800 km at Asian sites, but at only 400 km at European sites.

The observed P. teleius genetic structure reveals substantial differences in the quality of connectivity among European and Asian populations, which favour Asian populations. It suggests that differences between European and Asian P. teleius population genetic structures have the origin in differences in habitat structures, emphasising the impact of habitat fragmentation on animal movement in Europe.
Survey of dental hygienists' and dental hygienist students' attitudes towards body identification tasks of unidentified human remains
Authors: Ishikawa Noboru , Yamasawa Miku , Kitamura Kei , Kuroda Hidetaka , Yamamoto Hitoshi
Published: September 2020

Objective

Dental findings are used to identify unidentified human remains. The post‐mortem records, necessary for the appraisal of dental findings, are created by the dentist; however, a system for dental hygienists specializing in these tasks to utilize has not yet been considered.

Methods

This study was directed at both students at a dental hygienist school and dental hygienists. We conducted an awareness survey on their willingness to participate in these tasks, as well as the need for education regarding body identification tasks.

Results

The results showed that students and dental hygienists are highly interested in body identification tasks and highly motivated to participate. Numerous participants preferred to take courses regarding basic knowledge in both lecture and practical training settings to acquire the knowledge necessary for performing these tasks.

Conclusions

It is necessary to consider the curriculum content and timing of lectures and practices related to body identification tasks. Participation limited to the creation of post‐mortem records, except for the creation of antemortem records requiring diagnosis and treatment knowledge and the matching task of antemortem records and post‐mortem records, should be considered to prevent the tasks of dental hygienists from excessively expanding. If dental hygienists train properly, intraoral findings records can be drawn up by a team consisting of 1 dentist and 1 dental hygienist. Therefore, it is expected that the use of forensic dental identification, which is a relatively quick identification method, will be further improved.
Prevalence of myths regarding oral health among pregnant women in North India
Authors: Jain Lokesh , Juneja Ruchi , Kansal Richa , Kumar Varun
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To study the prevalence of myths regarding oral health care in pregnant women in North Indian population.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study used a self‐administered closed‐ended questionnaire to assess oral healthcare related beliefs and practices in 400 pregnant women who reported for prenatal checkup in a tertiary healthcare centre in North India. The questionnaire included questions to elicit information on socio‐demographic factors, beliefs and practices of oral hygiene during pregnancy, attitude towards dental problems occurring during pregnancy and the reasons associated with a specific belief. Prevalence of various myths was observed, and its associations with various socio‐demographic factors, adverse pregnancy outcomes and dental symptoms were analysed.

Results

84.2% of the respondents harboured at least one oral healthcare related myth. 63.4% of respondents deferred brushing for many days after delivery. 36.6% of respondents avoided consumption of hot/cold food and drinks during pregnancy due to fear of tooth loss. 24.5% of respondents believed local anaesthesia could affect baby's developing organs, and 21.8% of the studied population believed tooth extraction might cause miscarriage. Females possessing more myths were more likely to experience severe oral health problems during pregnancy. Education was depicted as a significant negative predictor of the prevalence of myths. No significant correlation between myths prevalence and history of adverse pregnancy outcomes was found.

Conclusion

Neglect of oral health due to myths about oral hygiene practices and dental treatment during pregnancy is a serious concern. A very high prevalence of these myths is an obstacle to goal of optimal maternal and child health.
Quality and psychosocial factors influencing purchase of orange‐fleshed sweetpotato bread
Authors: Okello Julius Juma , Shiundu Felix Mwala , Mwende Janet , Lagerkvist Carl Johan , Nyikal Rose Adhiambo , Muoki Penina , Mburu John , Low Jan , Hareau Guy , Heck Simon
Published: September 2020

This 2018 study, conducted in six Tusky's supermarkets in Nairobi, Kenya, combined the Just‐About‐Right, Penalty and Mean‐End‐Chain analyses to examine the quality and psychosocial factors influencing the purchase of a novel bread made from orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), a biofortified crop, focusing on sixty‐one male and eighty female urban OFSP bread buyers recruited at point of purchase. It finds that sensory and psychosocial factors drive purchasing decisions and that some of the bread's sensory characteristics are misaligned with consumers' expectations. It also finds that women and men’s evaluations of the bread's characteristics are different, as are their motivations for purchase. However, good sensory attributes and the knowledge of the bread's nutritional value were key drivers. Some misaligned characteristics reveal levers for the reformulation of the bread and present opportunities for segmenting the market. Several other implications of the findings for policy and future improvement of the bread are discussed.
Using biomarkers in patients with positive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: 4Kscore predicts the presence of cancer outside the index lesion
Authors: Falagario Ugo Giovanni , Lantz Anna , Jambor Ivan , Martini Alberto , Ratnani Parita , Wagaskar Vinayak , Treacy Patrick‐Julien , Veccia Alessandro , Bravi Carlo Andrea , Bashorun Hafis O , Phillip Deron , Lewis Sara , Haines Kenneth , Cormio Luigi , Carrieri Giuseppe , Tewari Ash
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To evaluate if the blood biomarker, 4Kscore, in addition to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging information could identify patients who would benefit from undergoing only a targeted biopsy.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed a population of 256 men with positive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging who underwent standard + targeted biopsy at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA. 4Kscore (OPKO Health, Miami, FL, USA) was sampled from all patients before biopsy. Uni‐ and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were carried out to predict clinically significant prostate cancer, defined as International Society of Urological Pathology grade group ≥2, in standard biopsy cores. The model with the best area under the curve was selected and internal validation was carried out using the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation.

Results

The developed model showed an area under the curve of 0.86. Carrying out only targeted biopsy in patients with a model‐derived probability <12.5% resulted in 39.5% (n = 101) fewer standard biopsies and a 33.9% (n = 20) reduction of detecting grade group 1 disease, while missing grade group ≥2 in 5.2% (n = 4) using standard biopsy only and 1.1% (n = 1) using standard biopsy + targeted biopsy.

Conclusions

4Kscore in combination with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging can help to reduce unnecessary standard biopsy and decrease detection of clinically insignificant prostate cancer.
Impact of elevated CO2 on two contrasting wheat genotypes exposed to intermediate drought stress at anthesis
Authors: Shokat Sajid , Großkinsky Dominik K. , Liu Fulai
Published: September 2020

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the responses of contrasting wheat genotypes to drought stress under ambient and elevated CO2 environments. At anthesis, the plants from each CO2 levels were either exposed to progressive drought or well‐watered at 95% of pot holding capacity. The results showed that for both genotypes, CO2 elevation sensitized the plants’ response to soil drying in terms of reduction of evapotranspiration. Drought significantly reduced trans‐zeatin (tZ) concentration in leaves, salicylic acid (SA) concentration in spikes, and physiological and yield‐related traits. However, the concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) and other phytohormones was increased under drought, which coincided with an increase in the kernel abortion. Elevated CO2 significantly increased photosynthetic rate, but had no significant effect on yield‐related traits. Genotype L3 possessed higher concentration of leaf tz, osmotic potential, and spike SA/ABA ratio under combined drought and elevated CO2 as compared to genotype L2. L3 also had higher thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield in comparison to L2. The results indicate that elevated CO2 is not necessarily increasing yield, and biophysiochemical traits in L3 could be used as valuable selecting criteria to obtain higher TKW and grain yield in future drier and CO2‐enriched environment.
Soil sodicity is more detrimental than salinity for quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): A multivariate comparison of physiological, biochemical and nutritional quality attributes
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Amjad Muhammad , Saqib Muhammad , Murtaza Behzad , Asif Naeem Muhammad , Shabbir Arslan , Murtaza Ghulam
Published: September 2020

Soil salinization is a serious environmental problem worldwide. To explore the comparative effects of soil salinity and sodicity on physiological, biochemical and nutritional quality attributes of four quinoa genotypes (A1, A7, Puno, Vikinga), pot and field experiments were performed on non‐saline soil and two types of salt‐affected soils designated as SS1 (saline) and SS2 (saline‐sodic). The results of both the experiments showed similar reduction pattern in biomass (11%–44%), chlorophyll content (10%–36%), stomatal conductance (18%–32%) and grain yield (30%–47%) of four genotypes on SS2 compared with SS1. Higher sodicity level of SS2 resulted in more Na accumulation (23%–40%) and oxidative damage (12%–35% decrease in membrane stability) leading to an increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) in all the genotypes. Grain mineral contents (except Na and Mg) were decreased more in SS2 than SS1. Multivariate analysis revealed that grain Na content has negative correlation with all the nutritional quality attributes except Mg and fibre contents. Genotypes A1 and A7 were more salt tolerant with better grain nutritional quality than Puno and Vikinga. It is concluded that soil sodicity is more detrimental than salinity, and quinoa genotypes A1 and A7 are better than Puno and Vikinga for cultivation on saline and saline‐sodic soils.
General practice nurses’ communication strategies for lifestyle risk reduction: A content analysis
Authors: James Sharon , Mcinnes Susan , Halcomb Elizabeth , Desborough Jane
Published: September 2020

Aims

To explore how general practice nurses (GPNs) communicate lifestyle risk reduction with patients presenting for chronic disease consultations.

Design

Qualitative content analysis of video observations.

Methods

The audio of 14 video‐recorded GPN chronic disease management (CDM) consultations were transcribed verbatim. Deductive content analysis was undertaken using the exploring, guiding, and choosing model, an adaptation of steps used in motivational interviewing (MI). Data collection occurred between August 2017 ‐ March 2018.

Results

General practice nurses demonstrated relational skills including the use of open‐ended questions, content reflections, and affirmations. However, greater use of collaborative agenda setting, double‐sided reflections, summarizing patient priorities, and ‘importance and confidence scales’ could enhance discussions about lifestyle risk reduction.

Conclusion

Although GPNs were using some MI techniques, there was room for skill development. Enhancing GPNs’ MI skills has the potential to optimize their effectiveness in communicating about lifestyle risk reduction and the reduction of chronic disease. Ongoing professional development in MI skills and lifestyle risk communication needs to be supported by nurses, workplaces, and educational providers.

Impact

This study has identified GPNs’ strengths and challenges in relation to lifestyle risk communication. Fostering these skills has the potential to reduce risk of lifestyle attributable chronic disease.
Cryptic differentiation in the Manx shearwater hinders the identification of a new endemic subspecies
Authors: Rodríguez Airam , Rodríguez Beneharo , Montelongo Tinguaro , Garcia‐Porta Joan , Pipa Tania , Carty Martin , Danielsen Jóhannis , Nunes João , Silva Carlos , Geraldes Pedro , Medina Félix M. , Illera Juan Carlos
Published: September 2020

The taxonomy of Procellariiformes, particularly petrels and shearwaters, is still unresolved. The Manx shearwaterPuffinus puffinusis one of the best studied seabirds worldwide. Most of the information known on this seabird is focused on the northern core populations where the species is abundant. However, the species shows a high number of peripheral populations, which are extremely small and difficult to study in comparison to central populations. Using an integrative approach, we provided significant evidence of phenological, morphological, acoustic, plumage colour and genetic differentiation of the Canarian Manx shearwaters (the most southern population) from the northern breeding colonies, which is compatible with a long period of isolation. Birds from the Canary Islands breed around 2–3 months earlier, are smaller and lighter and show darker underwing plumage than those from northern populations. In addition, Canarian call features are different from the northern populations. Finally, genetic analyses of the mitochondrial control region indicate an incipient genetic differentiation of Canarian Manx shearwaters from the other breeding populations. The Canarian population holds a small number of breeding colonies and it is declining, so accurate taxonomic recognition critically affects conservation efforts. For all the aforementioned reasons, we propose to rank the Canarian breeding population as a new taxon by presenting the formal description of a new subspeciesPuffinus puffinus canariensisssp. nov.
EPDR1 correlates with immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma and can be used as a prognostic biomarker
Authors: Chen Ruochan , Zhang Yiya
Published: September 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has high mortality rate and is a serious disease burden globally. EPDR1 (ependymin related 1) is a member of piscine brain glycoproteins and is involved in cell adhesion. The gene expression, prognostic, and clinicopathological related data for EPDR1 were obtained from multiple transcriptome databases. Protein level of EPDR1 in HCC was verified using human protein atlas and CPTAC databases. EPDR1 co‐expressed genes were identified using LinkedOmics. Functional analysis of the co‐expressed genes was performed using gene set enrichment analysis, Gene Ontology, and KEGG. Statistical analysis was conducted in R. The relationship between EPDR1 expression and immune cell infiltration was analyzed using TIMER and CIBERSORT. The expression of EPDR1 was found to be significantly higher in HCC than in normal tissues. Further, EPDR1 level was correlated with advanced stage of HCC. EPDR1 was associated with multiple signaling, as well as cancer and apoptotic pathways. Further, EPDR1 expression was significantly correlated with purity and infiltration levels of various immune cells as well as immune signatures. This is the first study to report the role of EPDR1 in HCC. EPDR1 can be used as a novel prognostic biomarker as well as an effective target for diagnosis and treatment in HCC.