bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pervasive Neoarchean melting of subducted sediments generating sanukitoid and associated magmatism in the North China Craton, with implications for the operation of plate tectonics
Authors: Li Jialiang , Liu Sheng-Ao , Ma Haibo , Wu Chen , Zhu Di-Cheng , Liu Jingao
Published: January 2024

The Mesoarchean to Neoarchean period (ca. 3.0–2.5 Ga) is the most important stage during the emergence and evolution of plate tectonics. However, plate subduction at this time may have been less stable and perhaps more susceptible to the lubrication effect of sediments than the modern counterpart. Such predictions have not yet been verified by field-based investigations. In this work, we identified two types of rock units (i.e., sanukitoids and associated adakitic suites, exposed in the Eastern Hebei Complex of the North China Craton) and illustrated their petrogenesis and tectonic context through field, geochronologic, geochemical, and isotopic investigations. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry zircon U-Pb analyses suggest that the two magmatic suites formed within a relatively short time span of ca. 2596–2544 Ma and ca. 2559–2533 Ma, respectively. The sanukitoids are composed of meta-andesites and diorite porphyrites and characterized by relatively high MgO (3.94–5.62 wt%), Mg# (50–61), Cr (73–343 ppm), and Ni (37–111 ppm) values. The adakitic rocks are composed of granodiorite-granite gneisses and have relatively high Sr (316–1001 ppm) and low Y (7–13 ppm) and Yb (0.83–1.37 ppm) contents, and relatively high Sr/Y (36–89) and La/Yb (16–45) ratios. Rocks from both suites exhibit depletions of Nb, Ta, and Ti and have similar Sr-Nd-Hf-Zn isotopes: variable (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.7002–0.7053), weakly positive εNd(t) (+0.3 to +1.7) and εHf(t) (+1.8 to +6.8), and slightly heavy δ66Zn (0.30‰–0.36‰). These geochemical characteristics indicate that the sanukitoids were derived from the melting of subducted sediments followed by melt-mantle interaction, whereas the adakitic rocks were produced by direct partial melting of subducted plate (including tonalite-trondjhemite-granodiorite melts) under a garnet stability field with minor sediments. Such distinct magmatic rock associations, together with the coeval charnockites and tholeiites with diverse compositions in the adjacent area, can be best explained by a slab breakoff model. Further, events associated with slab breakoff are likely to represent a transition of a quasi-plate tectonic regime, characterized by multiple, continuous, and stagnant attempts to start the modern-style subduction on Earth. In addition, the emergence of sanukitoids and associated magmas symbolized the onset of supracrustal recycling into the mantle. Combined with the Nd-Hf-Zn isotopes of diverse magmatic rocks in the North China Craton that are comparable to other Precambrian magmatic rock suites worldwide, we suggest that supracrustal recycling symbolized the onset of plate tectonics since ca. 3.0 Ga, and by inference played a key role in the development of subduction-driven plate tectonics in addition to Earth’s secular cooling.
A Bayesian astrochronology for the Cambrian first occurrence of trilobites in West Gondwana (Morocco)
Authors: Sinnesael Matthias , Millard Andrew R. , Smith Martin R.
Published: January 2024

The first occurrence of trilobites at ca. 520 Ma is an iconic feature of the Cambrian Explosion. Developing a robust evolutionary view on early Cambrian life is generally hindered by large uncertainties in the ages of fossil finds and their global stratigraphic correlation. We developed an astrochronological interpretation for the Tiout section in Morocco that features some of the oldest trilobite fossils. Our novel approach to incorporating individual astronomical cycle durations in an integrated radioisotopic and astrochronological Bayesian age-depth model results in an age estimate of 519.62 Ma (519.70–519.54 Ma 95% highest posterior distribution) for the first occurrence of trilobites in West Gondwana. This level of precise age estimation is exceptional for biological events in deep time and demonstrates the power of our novel approach.
Parameters of Cell Death and Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells with Altered Expression of Myosin 1C Isoforms
Authors: Solomatina E. S. , Nishkomaeva E. N. , Kovaleva A. V. , Tvorogova A. V. , Potashnikova D. M. , Saidova A. A.
Published: January 2024

Myosin 1C is a monomeric myosin motor with a truncated tail domain. Such motors are referred as slow “tension sensors.” Three isoforms of myosin 1C differ in short N-termed amino acid sequences, the functional differences between isoforms have not been elucidated. Myosin 1C isoform A was described as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer, but its role in tumor transformation remains unknown. Based on data on the functions of myosin 1C, we hypothesized the potential role of myosin 1C isoforms in maintaining the tumor phenotype of prostate cancer cells. In our work, we showed that a decrease in the expression level of myosin 1C isoform C leads to an increase in the proliferative activity of prostate tumor cells.
HspBP1 in Complex with the Peptide of the Innate Immunity Protein Tag7 is Able to Lyse Tumor Cells Carrying TNFR1 Receptor
Authors: Romanova E. A. , Yurkina D. M. , Yashin D. V. , Sashchenko L. P. , Georgiev G. P.
Published: January 2024

The search for new cytotoxic agents capable of lysing tumor cells is an important task in the fight against cancer. Here we have shown that the HspBP1 protein, the chaperone of the heat shock protein Hsp70, is able to form a complex with the previously discovered peptide (17.1) of the innate immunity protein Tag7. Experiments using thermophoresis demonstrated that the affinity of the Tag7 protein peptide 17.1 to the HspBP1 molecule is 100 times higher than that of the full-sized Tag7 molecule. The addition of the 17.1–HspBP1 complex to tumor cells induces apoptosis and necroptosis in them. The results obtained in this work can be used to develop promising antitumor drugs.
Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on oxygen delivery/consumption and limit of tolerance during progressive forearm exercise in men: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Fenuta Alyssa M. , Drouin Patrick J. , Kohoko Zach I.N. , Lynn Mytchel J.T. , Tschakovsky Michael E.
Published: January 2024

Beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation increases nitric oxide bioavailability with hypoxia and acidosis, characteristics of high-intensity exercise. We investigated whether BRJ improved forearm oxygen delivery:demand matching in an intensity-dependent manner. Healthy men (21 ± 2.5 years) participated in a randomized crossover trial between October 2017 and May 2018 (Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada). Participants completed a forearm incremental exercise test to limit of tolerance (IET-LOT) 2.5 h post placebo (PL) versus BRJ (2 completed PL/BRJ vs. 9 completed BRJ/PL) within a 2-week period. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. There was a significant main effect of drink (PL < BRJ; P = 0.042, ηp2 = 0.385) and drink × intensity interaction for arteriovenous oxygen difference (PL < BRJ; P = 0.03; ηp2= 0.197; 20%–50% and 90% LOT). BRJ did not influence oxygen delivery ( P = 0.893, ηp2 = 0.002), forearm blood flow ( P = 0.589, ηp2 = 0.03) (forearm vascular conductance ( P = 0.262, ηp2 = 0.124), mean arterial pressure ( P = 0.254,ηp2 = 0.128)), oxygen consumption ( P = 0.194, ηp2 = 0.179) or LOT ( P = 0.432, d = 0.247). In healthy men, BRJ did not improve forearm oxygen delivery (vasodilatory or pressor response) during IET-LOT. Increased arteriovenous oxygen difference at submaximal intensities did not significantly influence oxygen consumption or performance across the entire range of forearm exercise intensities. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that BRJ does not influence small muscle mass blood flow in humans regardless of exercise intensity.
Decreased NMIIA heavy chain phosphorylation at S1943 promotes mitoxantrone resistance by upregulating BCRP and N-cadherin expression in breast cancer cells
Authors: Li Kemin , Li Tian , Niu Yanan , Gao Yu , Shi Yifan , He Yifan , Zhang Xuanping , Wang Yan , Cao Jing , Hu Xiaoling , Chen Min , Shi Ruizan
Published: January 2024

Mitoxantrone (MX) is an effective treatment for breast cancer; however, high efflux of MX that is accomplished by breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) leads to acquired multidrug resistance (MDR), reducing MX’s therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer. Non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) and its heavy phosphorylation at S1943 have been revealed to play key roles in tumor metastasis and progression, including in breast cancer; however, their molecular function in BCRP-mediated MDR in breast cancer remains unknown. In this study, we revealed that the expression of NMIIA heavy chain phosphorylation at S1943 was downregulated in BCRP-overexpressing breast cancer MCF‐7/MX cells, and stable expression of NMIIA-S1943A mutant increased BCRP expression and promoted the resistance of MCF‐7/MX cells to MX. Meanwhile, NMIIA S1943 phosphorylation induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) was accompanied by the downregulation of BCRP in MCF-7/MX cells. Furthermore, stable expression of NMIIA-S1943A in MCF-7/MX cells resulted in upregulation of N-cadherin and the accumulation of β-catenin on the cell surface, which inhibited the nucleus translocation of β-catenin and Wnt/β-catenin-based proliferative signaling. EGF stimulation of MCF-7/MX cells showed the downregulation of N-cadherin and β-catenin. Our results suggest that decreased NMIIA heavy phosphorylation at S1943 increases BCRP expression and promotes MX resistance in breast cancer cells via upregulating N-cadherin expression.
Research on energy-absorption active control method for large deformation of tunnel surrounding rock through multi-fault fracture zone
Authors: Tao Zhigang , Mao Yuting , Sun Jihao , Zhang Xiaoyu , Huo Shusen , He Manchao
Published: January 2024

To study the problems of large deformation of surrounding rock and water-rich dense fracture zones during tunnel construction through fault fracture zone, the NPR (Negative Poisson’s Ratio) anchor cable control method is studied based on the Tabaiyi Tunnel. First, the mechanical deformation mechanism of surrounding rock is analyzed by geological conditions, lithology and strength of surrounding rock, and different surrounding rock zones are obtained. Then, based on the self-developed high-prestressed NPR anchor cable, the tunnel prevention and control measures are designed. The high-stress NPR anchor net technology is used to support the common large deformation and fault fracture zone, while in the water-rich dense fracture zones, the combined support of double gradient grouting technology and high-stress NPR anchor net technology is adopted. Finally, to evaluate the control effect of the support design scheme, the deformation of surrounding rock, the axial force of NPR anchor cable, and the pressure of steel arch are monitored in real time. The results show that the high-stress NPR anchor net technology can effectively control the large deformation of tunnel surrounding rock caused by fault zone. In addition, in the water-rich zones, the double gradient grouting technology can provide sufficient anchoring force for the NPR anchor cable. The two technologies control the maximum deformation of surrounding rock within 300 mm and realize the stability of tunnel primary support.
Regulation of virulence mechanisms in plant-pathogenic Streptomyces
Authors: Vincent Corrie V. , Bignell Dawn R.D.
Published: January 2024

Streptomyces have a uniquely complex developmental life cycle that involves the coordination of morphological differentiation with the production of numerous bioactive specialized metabolites. The majority of Streptomyces spp. are soil-dwelling saprophytes, while plant pathogenicity is a rare attribute among members of this genus . Phytopathogenic Streptomyces are responsible for economically important diseases such as common scab, which affects potato and other root crops. Following the acquisition of genes encoding virulence factors, Streptomyces pathogens are expected to have specifically adapted their regulatory pathways to enable transition from a primarily saprophytic to a pathogenic lifestyle. Investigations of the regulation of pathogenesis have primarily focused on Streptomyces scabiei and the principal pathogenicity determinant thaxtomin A. The coordination of growth and thaxtomin A production in this species is controlled in a hierarchical manner by cluster-situated regulators, pleiotropic regulators, signalling and plant-derived molecules, and nutrients. Although the majority of phytopathogenic Streptomyces produce thaxtomins, many also produce additional virulence factors, and there are scab-causing pathogens that do not produce thaxtomins. The development of effective control strategies for common scab and other Streptomyces plant diseases requires a more in-depth understanding of the genetic and environmental factors that modulate the plant pathogenic lifestyle of these organisms.
Multi-state Dirac stars
Authors: Liang Chen , Ren Ji-Rong , Sun Shi-Xian , Wang Yong-Qiang
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we construct the multi-state Dirac stars (MSDSs) consisting of two pairs of Dirac fields. The two pairs of Dirac fields are in the ground state and the first excited state, respectively, with opposite spins to ensure that the system possesses spherical symmetry. We discuss the solutions of the MSDSs under synchronized and nonsynchronized frequencies. By varying the ratio of masses between the two sets of Dirac fields, different branches of solutions can be obtained. Furthermore, we analyze the characteristics of the various MSDSs solutions and analyze the relationship between the ADM mass M of the MSDSs and the synchronized and nonsynchronized frequencies. Subsequently, we calculate the binding energy $$E_B$$

E
B

of the MSDSs and discuss the stability of the solutions. Then, we investigated the solutions of the MSDSs under the single particle condition. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of simulating the dark matter halos using MSDSs.
Rigidity of self-shrinkers with constant squared norm of the second fundamental form
Authors: Fu Yu , Yang Dan
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we investigate the rigidity of self-shrinkers in a Euclidean space [Formula: see text]. We first prove that any self-shrinker [Formula: see text] with constant squared norm of the second fundamental form and with at most two distinct principal curvatures is an open part of a hyperplane [Formula: see text], a cylinder [Formula: see text] or the round sphere [Formula: see text]. Then, it can be applied to show that any complete self-shrinker [Formula: see text] with constant squared norm of the second fundamental form and with at most two distinct principal curvatures is isometric to a hyperplane [Formula: see text], a cylinder [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] or the round sphere [Formula: see text]. Finally, some characterizations of self-shrinkers with constant mean curvature in [Formula: see text] are also obtained.
Detonation physics of H2-air blend in closed bended ducts: A comprehensive numerical analysis
Authors: Soleimanpour Reza , Nemati Hossain
Published: January 2024

In this research study, a comprehensive investigation was undertaken to delineate the deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) of a hydrogen–oxygen (H2–O2) mixture within the confined environment of a closed duct featuring multiple structural variations, namely smooth, single bend, double bend, and triple bend configurations. The computational modeling and simulation tool, OpenFOAM, an open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package, was used for this purpose, enabling a robust and detailed exploration of the topic. The primary focus of the study was to scrutinize the implications of hydrogen distribution within the mixture, a critical factor in the transition process. To facilitate this, we utilized a vertical concentration gradient of hydrogen, a tactic aimed at generating a rich variety of conditions and subsequently providing a comprehensive understanding of the processes involved. To enhance the robustness of our methodology, the investigation employed both pressure and density-based algorithms, thereby broadening the analytical perspective and improving the accuracy of results. In order to establish a connection between the velocity and pressure fields — a crucial aspect to accurately simulate fluid dynamics — the Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO) algorithm was applied. This served as a key component of the methodology, bridging the gap between the two essential parameters and allowing for an integrative analysis. To further extend the scope and increase the preciseness of the simulation, various reaction mechanisms, including the Battin-Leclerc, Baulch, Glassman, Lutz, Maas, Miller, Tan, Wang, Westbrook and Ó-Conaire mechanisms, were applied. The results of the simulations showcased the superior predictive capabilities of the Ó-Conaire mechanism, with an accuracy of 98% in representing the transition from DDT, as evidenced by a comparison with existing experimental data. Following this validation of the numerical results through the Ó-Conaire mechanism, the investigation delved deeper into the structural composition of the DDT process in relation to various closed duct geometries. It was demonstrated that alterations in duct geometry significantly impacted the structural nature of detonation. Thus, the study broadened our understanding of how spatial constraints and configurations of a system can dramatically influence the outcomes of highly reactive processes such as the DDT.
EXPLORING THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN LOGISTICS: EVIDENCE FROM BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION
Authors: LEI XIAO , LIANG XUEYING , CHEN XUELI , DING HUIHUI
Published: January 2024

This study scientifically assesses the level of green growth in logistics in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region under the background of integration, and explores the change in green total factor productivity (GTFP) in logistics. The global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) index model was developed to assess the GTFP of logistics in 13 prefecture-level cities in the region between 2010 and 2020. The research examined changes in productivity, decomposition of the index, regional disparities, and convergence. The main findings are as follows: The growth of GTFP remains stable, the cumulative increase of green technology progress is about 10.63%, and the cumulative decline of green technology efficiency is about 23.33%. Green technology progress is the main driving force for the growth of logistics GTFP in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. However, green technology efficiency shows a significant decline. Notably, the development effects and models of GTFP in logistics differed significantly among Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. Only Hebei achieved an improvement in both efficiency and progress, with the growth rate of progress as high as 25.18%. In particular, Zhangjiakou, Xingtai, Hengshui, and Qinhuangdao achieved dual-driven of technology efficiency and progress during the 13th Five-Year Plan. The GTFP of Beijing’s logistics has rebounded and significantly enhanced, but the efficiency remains at a low level in recent years. Conversely, the efficiency and progress index in Tianjin decreased to varying degrees. Grouped urban agglomerations all passed the [Formula: see text] convergence test for GTFP. However, the convergence rate was affected by administrative barriers, resulting in the slowest convergence rate observed in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei city group.
AN EXTENSIVE REVIEW ON THE ROLE OF METAL MATRIX NANOCOMPOSITES IN THE RECENT RESEARCH AREAS
Authors: ARUL MARCEL MOSHI A. , RAVINDRAN D. , VENKATKUMAR D.
Published: January 2024

Metal matrix nanocomposites have received more focus in the last two decades because of their desirable alternative features. Many researchers have made several attempts to identify the suitable nanoreinforcement particles for getting improved results in various applications. Many of them tried to improve the properties of several metal matrix nanocomposite materials including mechanical properties, electrical properties, barrier properties, structural properties, moisture permeability, etc., with the help of a variety of techniques. Research study results revealed that the addition of nanosized reinforcement particles improved the mechanical and wear characteristics of aluminum-based metal matrix composites. Metal matrix nanocomposites are being employed in many application areas such as in biomedical field, self-cleaning marble coating application, antimicrobial application and wear-resistant coating application. This review workhas gone through a bulk of research works related to metal matrix nanocomposites. The entire study has been grouped under a few major categories such as synthesis of nanocomposites, characterization study on various nanocomposites, application areas of various nanocomposites, optimization works carried out on nanocomposites, and risk management of nanocomposites.
SOLID PARTICLE AIRJET EROSION AND CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF AA6063 ALUMINUM ALLOY
Authors: SAMY G. S. , PETHURAJ M. , THIRUMALAI KUMARAN S. , KALUSURAMAN G.
Published: January 2024

Aluminum alloy 6063 has excellent mechanical properties and it is used in automotive industries. This research focuses on solid particle airjet erosion behavior in different input parameters such as mass flow rate of 2, 3, and 4[Formula: see text]gm/min, impingement angle of 30∘, 60∘, and 90∘ and erodent velocity of 100, 150, and 200[Formula: see text]m/s. The alumina erodent is mixed with an airjet which acts as an impingement fluid jet. Taguchi was utilized for investigating the influence of the process parameter on erosion rate, and ANOVA was performed to evaluate the parameter contribution. The impingement velocity is the most significant parameter to reduce the erosion rate rather than the impingement angle and the mass flow rate. The increase in velocity of the impingement fluid jet accelerates the erosion rate due to the high kinetic energy impact. The desirability approach is used to optimize the input parameters. At 99% confidence levels, the models were considered significant. The importance of the factor is increased by a reduced p-value. From the overall analysis, the optimum conditions of solid particle airjet erosion are impingement angle of 90∘, erodent velocity of 100[Formula: see text]m/s and erodent flow rate of 2[Formula: see text]gm/min. Utilizing the cyclic sweep approach, corrosion behavior and NaCl solution are involved in the test of AA6063. As the corrosion current density increased, the corrosion potential became more positive.
EFFECT OF MICRO-TEXTURES AND CrAlSiN COATINGS ON THE FRICTION AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF 316L STAINLESS STEELS IN SEAWATER
Authors: TIAN RUNZHOU , DENG JIANXIN , LIU AIHUA , WANG MINGYUAN , MA KEXIN , WANG JUNYAN
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to provide a method for improving the tribological properties of 316L stainless steels in seawater. During the experimental process, laser texturing technology was used to create biomimetic micro-textures inspired by turtle shell patterns on the 316L stainless steel surfaces. Then, CrAlSiN coating was deposited on the textured surface using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique, allowing us to study the frictional properties of the samples in both atmospheric and seawater environments. The results showed that, compared to polished 316L stainless steel, the specimens treated with micro-texture and CrAlSiN coating exhibited a reduction in wear rate by 52.1% and 71.8% under atmospheric and seawater friction conditions, respectively. Under atmospheric friction conditions, the micro-textures had a limited effect on reducing the friction of the 316L stainless steel substrate. However, the CrAlSiN coating, due to its excellent mechanical properties, significantly improved the wear resistance of the 316L stainless steel. Under seawater friction conditions, the continuous CrAlSiN coating played a role in reducing 316L stainless steel wear and seawater corrosion. At the same time, the micro-textures acted as reservoirs for wear debris and seawater, forming a more stable seawater lubricating film and reducing the friction coefficient. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the CrAlSiN coating and biomimetic micro-textures demonstrated remarkable improvement in the tribological performance of 316L stainless steel in seawater environments.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF INCLINED HOLES CREATED BY Nd:YAG LASER BEAM PERCUSSION DRILLING ON FRP-BASED MATERIALS UTILIZING OPAT METHODS
Authors: MISHRA YADVENDRA KUMAR , MISHRA SANJAY , YADAV ASHUTOSH
Published: January 2024

In recent years, fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs) materials like glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) and carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) are next-generation polymer-based composite materials tailored for lightweight engineering applications in aerospace, marine, chemical, and automotive industries. Applying inclined holes in GFRP material is essentially used in producing robotic parts, microelectronics components, wind turbine blades, etc. The bending actuators and microhinges of microrobots constructed from CFRP materials also require inclined holes. Laser percussion drilling techniques produce a high aspect ratio of high-resolution inclined holes. The geometrical deviation of the laser-drilled hole is usually evaluated in terms of hole circularity and hole taper. No literature is available for inclined hole drilling of the above two types of FRPs using infrared (IR) laser. In this paper, the thickness of each FRP is taken as 1, 3 and 5[Formula: see text]mm, respectively. The one-parameter-at-a-time (OPAT) method was used to analyze the individual effects of laser input parameters, such as pulse current, pulse width, assist gas pressure, workpiece thickness, and incidence angle, on output performance characteristics of hole circularity at top (THC), bottom (BHC), and taper (TH) during laser percussion-inclined drilling with millisecond (ms) pulsed Nd: YAG. Pulse current of 200–225A or 275–300A does not affect THC at a zero-degree angle of incidence. A greater pulse current (300[Formula: see text]A) is produced during inclined drilling at 100∘ and 200∘. SEM/EDX investigation reveals hole surface and material composition.
Kerr effect optimization in acetone-immersed optical nanofibers
Authors: Laouedj Oussama , Azzoune Abderrahim , Bouaraba Azzedine
Published: January 2024

Nanoscale optical fibers, capable of confining light at the nanoscale, exhibit nonlinear effects and generate a strong evanescent field interacting with the surrounding environment. In this study, we compared various nanofibers composed of different glasses, closely matching the refractive index of silica, while immersed in acetone. Our objective was to optimize the Kerr effect contributions from either the core or the cladding, dependent on factors such as nanofiber dimensions, core optical properties, and the effective area of the fundamental mode HE[Formula: see text] both inside and outside the nanofiber core. Our findings reveal that the fluorophosphate (S-FPM3) nanofiber exhibits a dominant Kerr effect when immersed in acetone compared to the silica nanofiber. Specifically, for a radius [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm, the S-FPM3 nanofiber core demonstrates a Kerr coefficient [Formula: see text], three times higher than that of the silica nanofiber. Similarly, for [Formula: see text], the Kerr coefficient [Formula: see text] for the S-FPM3 nanofiber cladding is three times greater than that of the silica nanofiber, despite both having nearly identical nonlinear indices. Additionally, we observed that Kerr coefficients follow similar variations across different wavelengths in the visible and infrared regions, with values decreasing significantly due to the inverse proportionality with optical wavelength [Formula: see text]. Analyzing the dynamics of nanofiber normalized diameter reveals a sub-wavelength threshold optimizing effective nonlinearity, particularly in the case of the NC21A nanofiber. These findings suggest the potential use of optical nanofibers as reliable sensors in challenging-to-access areas for external media and the enhancement of nonlinear effects through the evanescent field.
Nonlinear Free Vibration Analysis in Micro-Rotating Systems
Authors: Ahirwar Mayank , Pratiher Barun
Published: January 2024

Rotating machinery with flexible shafts finds application across a broad spectrum, ranging from everyday household appliances to heavy-duty industrial setups. These machines harness substantial rotational energy, which in turn induces vibrations. In step with industrial progress, modern devices are becoming smart, intelligent, and compact, with the help of microscopic devices known as Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), incorporating electrical and moving mechanical parts. One noteworthy category within MEMS is Power MEMS. Operating at speeds exceeding a million revolutions per minute, these systems are employed in compact energy supply solutions for small-scale electronics, diminutive ground robots and unmanned airborne vehicles, all of which demand efficient power sources. This paper addresses the rotor dynamics associated with micro-rotating systems. The intricate dynamics and nonlinear issues witnessed in macro-scale systems are equally relevant to these tiny systems. This is why recognizing the traits and behavior of these small-scale systems and analyzing their dynamic actions within the operational context becomes a fundamental topic that influences design, control, maintenance, and safety considerations. Incorporating low friction bearings and rotor dynamics into mathematical formulation yields results that are nearly perfect models. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a comprehensive nonlinear analysis of the micro-rotor, considering the nonlinearity arising from the substantial deformation of the shaft. The influence of small-scale effects, which hold significance at the micron scale, is addressed utilizing modified couple stress theory. The study employs the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory while accounting for the axial stretching effect under conditions of significant deformation. The dynamics of the rotor, including essential parameters like spin speed, disk placement, and size dependency, are thoroughly investigated through a comprehensive parametric study presented in this work.
Frequency Identification of Equal-Span Continuous Girder Bridge Based on Moving Vehicle Responses
Authors: Luo Kui , Li Siqi , Wang Xiuyan , Kong Xuan , Jiang Tengjiao , Yin Pengcheng
Published: January 2024

The indirect method for bridge modal identification based on the response of moving vehicles has attracted widespread attention in recent years. However, most existing studies only focus on the simply supported bridge, while continuous girder bridges are widely used in practical engineering. Therefore, this study proposes an indirect frequency identification method for continuous girder bridges. First, the mode shape formula of the equal-span continuous beam is deduced using the three-moment equations, and the analytical solution of the vehicle vibration response is deduced via the vehicle–bridge coupled vibration theory. Second, the derived analytical solution is verified through numerical analysis results and field test results. Finally, the effects of bridge and vehicle parameters on the frequency identification accuracy are analyzed. The results show that a reasonable frequency of the trailer should be selected to avoid the resonance between the vehicle and the bridge for better performance. The research findings can provide a reference for the indirect identification of continuous girder bridges based on the response of moving vehicles.
Stochastic Vibration-Driven Fatigue Analysis for Steel Structure Bridges Considering Track Irregularity
Authors: Li Yahao , Zhang Nan , Sun Qikan , Cai Chaoxun , Li Kebing
Published: January 2024

This study proposes a method for assessing the effect of stochastic vibrations resulting from track irregularities which are rarely studied but significant on bridge fatigue. First, the pseudo-excitation method is utilized to determine the power spectrum density of stress. Subsequently, the trigonometric series method is employed to acquire the stress time history set. Then, a traditional fatigue life calculation method is employed for analysis. By utilizing a post-sampling method, the need for costly repetitive solutions of the vehicle-bridge coupling system is eliminated. Numerical simulations are conducted on a steel truss bridge, revealing the non-negligible effect of track irregularity on bridge fatigue performance. The study investigates the underlying mechanism, highlighting the pronounced influence of long-wave track irregularity. Moreover, the research explores the correlation between track smoothness and bridge fatigue performance, demonstrating that a decrease in track smoothness leads to an increase in fatigue loss. These findings emphasize the necessity of considering stochastic vibrations when evaluating bridge fatigue, providing valuable insights for bridge design and maintenance.
Modules and abelian groups with a restricted domain of projectivity
Authors: Alizade Rafail , Sipahi Damla Dede
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we study the modules whose projectivity domains are contained in the class of all pure-split modules and call them [Formula: see text]-impecunious modules. Every quotient of a p-impecunious [Formula: see text]-module is [Formula: see text]-impecunious if and only if [Formula: see text] is right pure semisimple. An abelian group [Formula: see text] is p-impecunious if all p-components of [Formula: see text] are nonzero and [Formula: see text] for some prime [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the basic subgroup of the [Formula: see text]-component [Formula: see text]. The converse is true if [Formula: see text] is torsion. We characterize Dedekind domains over which there are injective p-impecunious modules.
Morita equivalences on Brauer algebras and BMW algebras of simply-laced types
Authors: Liu Shoumin
Published: January 2024

The Morita equivalences of classical Brauer algebras and classical Birman–Murakami–Wenzl (BMW) algebras have been well studied. Here, we study the Morita equivalence problems on these two kinds of algebras of simply-laced type, especially for them with the generic parameters. We show that Brauer algebras and BMW algebras of simply-laced type are Morita equivalent to the direct sums of some group algebras of Coxeter groups and some Hecke algebras of Coxeter groups, respectively.
Twisted representations of ℕ-graded vertex algebras over a good field
Authors: Yang Chao
Published: January 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be an [Formula: see text]-graded vertex algebra over a field [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text] be an automorphism of [Formula: see text] with a finite order [Formula: see text]. Assume that the field [Formula: see text] contains a [Formula: see text]th primitive root of unity. We construct two associative algebras, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and investigate their properties and interconnections. As applications, we establish the following results: (1) If [Formula: see text] is finite-dimensional, then [Formula: see text] is also finite-dimensional; (2) If [Formula: see text] is strongly finitely generated, then [Formula: see text] is stably noetherian; (3) If [Formula: see text] is strongly finitely generated and [Formula: see text] is an irreducible admissible [Formula: see text]-twisted [Formula: see text]-module, then the endomorphism algebra [Formula: see text] is finite-dimensional.
Lambda number of the enhanced power graph of a finite group
Authors: Parveen  , Dalal Sandeep , Kumar Jitender
Published: January 2024

The enhanced power graph of a finite group [Formula: see text] is the simple undirected graph whose vertex set is [Formula: see text] and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] are adjacent if [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text]. An [Formula: see text]-labeling of graph [Formula: see text] is an integer labeling of [Formula: see text] such that adjacent vertices have labels that differ by at least [Formula: see text] and vertices distance [Formula: see text] apart have labels that differ by at least [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text]-number of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the minimum range over all [Formula: see text]-labelings. In this paper, we study the lambda number of the enhanced power graph [Formula: see text] of the group [Formula: see text]. This paper extends the corresponding results, obtained in [X. Ma, M. Feng and K. Wang, Lambda number of the power graph of a finite group, J. Algebraic Combin. 53(3) (2021) 743–754], of the lambda number of power graphs to enhanced power graphs. Moreover, for a nontrivial simple group [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text], we prove that [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] is not a cyclic group of order [Formula: see text]. Finally, we determine the lambda number of the enhanced power graphs of nilpotent groups.
Representations and cohomologies of differential 3-Lie algebras with any weight and applications
Authors: Sun Qinxiu , Li Zhen , Chen Shan
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to study cohomologies of differential [Formula: see text]-Lie algebras with any weight and applications. First, we introduce representations of differential [Formula: see text]-Lie algebras. Moreover, we develop cohomology theory of differential [Formula: see text]-Lie algebras. We also depict the relationship between the cohomologies of a differential [Formula: see text]-Lie algebra and its associated differential Leibniz algebra with weight zero. Finally, formal deformations, abelian extensions and skeletal differential [Formula: see text]-Lie 2-algebras are characterized in terms of cohomology groups.
A Trustworthy and Explainable Framework for Benchmarking Hybrid Deep Learning Models Based on Chest X-Ray Analysis in CAD Systems
Authors: Albahri A. S. , Jassim Mustafa Mohammed , Alzubaidi Laith , Hamid Rula A. , Ahmed M. A. , Al-Qaysi Z. T. , Albahri O. S. , Alamoodi A. H. , Alqaysi M. E. , Mohammed Thura J. , Kou Gang , Alotaibi Fahd S. , Sharaf Iman Mohamad
Published: January 2024

Evaluating the trustworthiness of deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems is challenging. There is a need to optimize trust and performance in model selection. A wide range of models based on evaluation metrics can make it challenging to choose the best one, especially for complex multi-criteria decision-making problems. In the case of COVID-19 diagnosis, using both physicians’ evaluation and AI techniques to establish trust is essential. In this study, 1551 chest X-rays were analyzed using deep transfer learning (DTL) with six models and four SVM kernels. This resulted in 24 hybrid DTL–SVM models. Seven metrics were evaluated using fuzzy multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM), which uses a dynamic decision matrix to select the best model. This matrix incorporates fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency (FWZIC) for weight coefficients and Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) for benchmarking. The Grad-CAM technique compared the best model with 16 images, ensuring explainability. Top-performing models were identified, including SqueezeNet-SVM linear, VGG19-SVM linear, and VGG19-SVM. Sensitivity analysis was used to quantify the impact of changing weighted criteria values. A physician expert validated fuzzy MCDM through Grad-CAM analysis, a new aspect of this study. The framework presented in this study was benchmarked against seven other studies and achieved a perfect score in four crucial areas. Trustworthiness is essential for CAD systems, and this study effectively addresses trust and performance challenges in AI model-based CAD systems. The study systematically evaluated the requirements for trustworthiness, including accountability, fairness, robustness, accuracy, and reproducibility, and the results supported this.
Characterizations of spacetimes admitting critical point equation and f(r)-gravity
Authors: De Uday Chand , Sardar Arpan , Suh Young Jin
Published: January 2024

In general, a perfect fluid spacetime is not a generalized Robertson–Walker spacetime and the converse is also not true. In this paper, it is shown that if a perfect fluid spacetime satisfies the critical point equation, then either the spacetime becomes a generalized Robertson–Walker spacetime and represents dark era or the vorticity of the fluid vanishes as well as the spacetime is expansion free. Besides, we prove that if a generalized Robertson–Walker spacetime with constant scalar curvature satisfies the critical point equation, then the spacetime becomes a perfect fluid spacetime. Next, the existence of critical point equation is established by a non-trivial example. Finally, we discuss the critical point equation in [Formula: see text]-gravity. For the model [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = constant and [Formula: see text] is the scalar curvature of the spacetime), various energy conditions in terms of the scalar curvature are examined and state that the Universe is in an accelerating phase and satisfies the weak, null, dominant, and strong energy conditions.
Computational approaches for nonlinear gravity dispersive long waves and multiple soliton solutions for coupled system nonlinear (2+1)-dimensional Broer–Kaup–Kupershmit dynamical equation
Authors: Iqbal Mujahid , Seadawy Aly R. , Lu Dianchen , Zhang Zhengdi
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the coupled system nonlinear (2[Formula: see text]1)-dim Broer–Kaup–Kupershmit (BKK) equation under consideration is based on extension of modified rational expansion method. The various kinds of multiple soliton solutions named anti-kink soliton, traveling wave solutions, periodic solution, dark soliton, kink soliton, bright soliton, anti-kink bright solitons, kink bright solitons for nonlinear BKK system are successfully constructed under symbolic computation Mathematica. The calculated results are very interesting, different and novel which have not been investigated in past literature. The graphical demonstration of constructed solutions show by contour, 2D and 3D shape by using computer software Mathematica. The constructed multiple soliton solutions prove that EMRE approach is very straightforward, efficient, reliable and powerful for the investigation of other nonlinear partial differential equations. The investigated results will be described and play a keen role in the study of nonlinear physical phenomena in the area of physics and engineering.
Investigating the Nexus Between Foreign Direct Investment and Sustainable Energy Transition: The Case of Vietnam
Authors: Nhuong Bui Huy , Hang Luong Thi Thu , Thuy Do Thi Thu , Quang Phung Thanh , Anh Khuc The
Published: January 2024

This study investigates how foreign direct investment (FDI) has impacted Vietnam’s sustainable energy transition from 1988 to 2020, utilising the autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) technique for analysis. In the short term, a 1% increase in FDI is linked to a minor 0.015% reduction in the quality of energy transformation, indicating initial adverse environmental effects. However, in the long term, a notable improvement of 0.042% in energy transformation quality suggests that FDI-driven initiatives positively contribute to sustainable energy practices. Simultaneously, other factors such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) demonstrate detrimental impacts both in the short term (0.039% decrease) and the long term (0.429% decrease), posing challenges to environmentally friendly projects. Conversely, the Green Economic Growth Index displays significant positive effects in both the short term (0.397% increase) and the long term (0.184% increase), emphasising the importance of fostering green economic growth. To accelerate the progress of sustainable energy transition, Vietnam is encouraged to implement policies encompassing the digitization of green initiatives, the introduction of green financing mechanisms, and the provision of supportive incentives for environmentally-conscious investors.
Enhancing the Economic Feasibility of Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) Projects
Authors: Taghizadeh-Hesary Farhad , Vandercamme Lilu , Phoumin Han
Published: January 2024

Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) technologies have the potential to play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by capturing CO2 emissions from industrial processes and power generation. This study aims to explore the economic feasibility of CCUS and provide practical policy recommendations for making CCUS technologies economically feasible. The findings emphasise the importance of integrated policy frameworks, carbon pricing mechanisms, R&D investments, international collaboration, regulatory certainty, public awareness, and industry collaboration to unlock the potential of CCUS.
Thermal Analysis of MHD Hybrid Nanofluid on Stretching/Shrinking Non-Parallel Walls with Uncertain Volume Fractions
Authors: Sartanpara Parthkumar P. , Meher Ramakanta
Published: January 2024

This study examines the heat transmission of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluid (Ag–[Formula: see text]O) flows between two stretchable or shrinkable walls. The nanoparticle volume fraction is considered an uncertain parameter and is represented using triangular and Gaussian fuzzy numbers. The governing radial momentum and energy equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation and with the required boundary conditions. A generalized homotopy approach is used to analyze the impacts of embedding parameters, including the Reynolds number, stretching/shrinking parameter, opening angle, radiation parameter, Magnetic parameter, and solid volume fraction on velocity and thermal profiles in crisp and uncertain cases. The findings demonstrate that fluid velocity and temperature distribution increase as the stretching parameter increases. The correctness of the suggested technique is validated by comparing the results with the available numerical solution. It has been observed that there is a great agreement between the present results and the numerical ones.
An Investigation on an SMA Valve in Micro-Channel Through FSI Approach
Authors: Beshkoofe Saed , Baghani Mostafa , Baniassadi Majid , Shahsavari Hamid
Published: January 2024

Micro-channels with built-in shape memory alloys (SMAs) can respond intelligently to channel temperature variations without applying an external force and control the flow rate. In this work, a 2D micro-channel with a shape memory alloy (SMA) valve is designed and studied using fluid–structure interaction (FSI) conditions. The behavior of the SMA valve, which includes bending under the effect of force loading and inlet fluid pressure, and the recovery of the shape of the valve, has been investigated in this study. The temperature at which the valve is completely recovered and the output fluid reaches the lowest value is called the closing temperature. This research investigates the impact of different geometrical and functional parameters on closing temperature, such as fluid inlet pressure and velocity, channel height and valve thickness. The outlet fluid flow rate of the SMA micro-channel is evaluated by employing a relevant constitutive equation to model the SMA valve behavior and implement it in Finite Element Method (FEM) multiphysics frameworks. The results show that the outlet flow rate relies on the shape recovery of the SMA valve and the fluid velocity field in the FSI simulations.