bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discrete Implementation of a PI Controller for Three-Phase PWM Rectifier
Authors: Nurwati Tri , Gradianto Gasa , Siswoyo Bambang , Bashir Mosaddegh  , I Nyoman Wahyu Satiawan
Published: December 2024

Rectifiers are becoming more prevalent in a wide range of applications, including power supplies for microelectronics, household electrical devices, battery charging, and power conversion in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Conventional rectifiers often employ uncontrolled diodes, which have the drawback of generating a fixed output voltage that cannot be modified. There is a requirement for a regulated rectifier, specifically a three-phase PWM Rectifier that transforms AC voltage into DC voltage with an output voltage that surpasses the input voltage and can be modified as per requirements. This study explores the comparison between s-domain and z-domain PI controller designs in the context of controlling a three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier. Applying the dual-closed-loop control technique with the pole-zero cancellation approach, we can calculate the PI parameters for controlling the current and voltage in the circuit. The values of the parameters are as follows: K_pc = 4, K_ic = 100, K_pv = 0.097, and K_iv = 4.85. Applying the forward Euler method to transform the PI controller from the s domain to the z domain. The test results for the PWM Rectifier PI controller were conducted in both the s-domain and z-domain. As per the setpoint, a three-phase voltage source with a value of 220 Volts was used, resulting in a stable DC voltage output of 600 Volts.
One Pulse Vector Control Inverter Control Design for Fast Train Traction Motor Torque Control
Authors: Pramudita Pamungkas  , Mochammad Rusli  , Wijono
Published: December 2024

Current technology is increasingly developing, one of which is inverter control for high-speed train traction motor drives. Currently, the train driver is an AC electric motor. Inverters typically operate in the high-speed region. In this paper, it aims to drive the speed rotation of a 3-phase AC motor. The inverter is used to control the rotational speed of the motor, the vector control provides control of the speed and torque of the motor load for the 3 phase ac motor running at high speed. The vector control design is with the Arduino microcontroller program. The design of the inverter is in the form of a module that contains several components, namely IC drivers, resistors, mosfets, capacitors. The results of the PWM inverter were obtained in a waveform with a voltage of 4.72 volts, a frequency of 224.0 Hz and a duty cycle of 33.3%.  The results of this study show the variation of the rotational speed of the motorcycle, the rotational speed of the motor with a value of 360 RPM the load torque response shows a value of 72.8 Nm, to the rotational speed of the motor of 960 RPM, the load torque response shows a value of 19.6 Nm. Based on the results of the inverter control research on motor torque control with the vector control method, the load torque response is able to follow the variation in the speed of rotation of the motor. The higher the rotational speed of the motorcycle, the lower the load torque respons.
Ectosimbiontes de roedores sinantrópicos de Celestún, Yucatán, México. Nuevos registros de ácaros mióbidos y miocóptidos para la península de Yucatán
Authors: Núñez Corea David Abimael , Landeros Flores Jerónimo , Baak Baak Carlos Marcial , Ochoa Fuentes Yisa María , Cerna Chávez Ernesto , García Rejón Julián Everardo
Published: December 2024

El municipio de Celestún forma parte de la Reservas de la Biosfera Ría Celestún (RBRC), en Yucatán, México. Debido a que la reserva natural es diversa en flora y fauna hay gran afluencia de turistas. En contraste, también son abundantes los roedores sinantrópicos de las especies Mus musculus (Linnaeus, 1758) y Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758. Estos roedores son reconocidos como portadores de patógenos que pueden ser potencialmente transmitidos a animales y humanos por medio de los ectoparásitos. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la abundancia de los roedores M. musculus y R. rattus en domicilios de Celestún y estimar algunos parámetros ecológicos de sus ectosimbiontes. La captura de roedores sinantrópicos se realizó en 25 domicilios entre julio y diciembre de 2023. Se capturaron un total de 82 roedores, 59 de la especie M. musculus y 23 R. rattus. De ambos roedores se recolectaron 551 ectosimbiontes pertenecientes a seis taxones. En R. rattus se identificaron ectoparásitos de importancia médica, correspondientes a 42 ejemplares del ácaro mesostigmado Laelaps echidninus Berlese, 1887 (Acari: Mesostigmata) y un ejemplar de pulga de la especie Ctenocephalides felis Bouché, 1835 (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). Los ácaros mióbidos Radfordia affinis Poppe, 1896 (Acari: Sarcoptiformes), Myobia murismusculi Schrank, 1781 (Acari: Sarcoptiformes), el miocóptido Myocoptes musculinus Koch, 1844 (Acari: Trombidiformes) y ejemplares de la familia Listrophoridae se encontraron exclusivamente en M. musculus, representando los primeros registros para el estado de Yucatán, en el sureste de México.
Reservorio de carbono en necromasa y sotobosque en un ecosistema forestal templado de Guerrero, México
Authors: Navarro-Martínez José , Godínez-Jaimes Flaviano , Rosas-Acevedo José Luis , Méndez-González Jorge
Published: December 2024

En la evaluación del papel de los bosques en la captura de carbono, la necromasa y la biomasa del sotobosque han sido minimizadas. La presente investigación tuvo como propósito estimar la biomasa y el carbono de la necromasa y del sotobosque del ecosistema templado ubicado en la microcuenca del río Hueyapa. Se realizó un inventario forestal en 2761.9 ha de bosque templado bajo la metodología del Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos de México. Se midieron los árboles muertos en pie (AMP), material leñoso caído (MLC), sotobosque (S) y hojarasca del piso forestal (H). Durante el periodo febrero 2017 a enero 2018, se colectó la caída de follaje y otros órganos vegetales en trampas de un 1 m2. El carbono almacenado se calculó usando factores de conversión de biomasa en cada compartimento. El carbono estimado, expresado en megagramos por hectárea, fue de 0.89, 1.25, 0.61 y 4.52 en AMP, MLC, S y H, respectivamente. La caída de follaje y otros órganos vegetales aportan 4.52 Mg ha-1 año-1 ± 0.44 Mg ha-1 año-1 de carbono. Estas estimaciones representan una línea base para futuras investigaciones en la mitigación de cambio climático global y productividad de los bosques templados del estado de Guerrero, México.
Apresentação
Authors: Faria Edite Maria da Silva de , Oliveira Ivanilde Apoluceno de
Published: December 2024

O dossiê Educação Popular nas Universidades Latino-Americanas apresenta como objetivo refletir sobre os processos de Educação Popular na pesquisa, no ensino e na extensão em universidades latino-americanas, em defesa deuma educação transformadora. Educação Popular compreendida como processo em função dos espaços e dos contextos históricos em que se realiza, por isso, heterogênea. Desta forma, o dossiê corresponde a momentos, contextos e desafios particulares, os quais são promovidos por protagonistas específicos que têm sua história, ambiente, motivações, condições e disposições próprias. O foco é para a extensão popular como possibilidade de transformação social da realidade e fortalecimento de diálogos entre universidades e movimentos sociais populares, destacados os processos de sistematização de experiências extensionistas e fomentando o debate acerca do currículo e da Cartografia de Saberes, que, segundo Oliveira (2008), constitui uma estra tégia metodológica, a qual possibilita o mapea mento de saberes experienciados pelos sujeitos em suas práticas culturais, os quais expressam traços da história e da cultura de comunidades, mantidos pela comunicação oral, mas sem registro. Apresenta uma dimensão simbólica, permitindo a identificação das estruturas de representações dos diversos campos do saber sobre a realidade social (Santos, 2002).
Extensão Popular Universitária
Authors: Nunes dos Santos André Luís , Batista Machado Aline Maria
Published: December 2024

A extensão popular universitária tem ganhado visibilidade nas ações internas e externas dasuniversidades latino-americanas, haja vista seu caráter dialógico, crítico e participativo,passando a considerar os saberes populares e entrelaçando-os com os conhecimentoscientíficos e acadêmicos. Desta forma, objetiva-se neste artigo discutir o papel da extensãopopular universitária no âmbito da América Latina, bem como evidenciar novaspossibilidades práticas, embasadas na perspectiva da Educação Popular. Além disso, fez-se,ainda, a historicização da colonização desta região, salientando os aportes dos movimentossociais para determinados períodos históricos. Concernente aos aspectos teórico-metodológicos, esta pesquisa é de cunho bibliográfico, a qual possui abordagem qualitativa,tendo como principais autores(as) Gohn (1997), Galeano (2010), Gadotti (2017) e Jara(2020). Constatou-se, portanto, que estas atividades têm oportunizado diálogos significativoscom a comunidade em geral.
Entrevista: Carlos Rodrigues Brandão e Fernanda Paulo
Authors: Dos Santos Paulo Fernanda , Rodrigues Brandão(in Memoriam) Carlos
Published: December 2024

Em 10 de junho de 2016, tive o privilégio de realizar minha terceira entrevista presencial com o Prof. Dr. Carlos Rodrigues Brandão, no aeroporto de Porto Alegre. Brandão, renomado por seu trabalho em Educação Popular, estava retornando de compromissos acadêmicos em Passo Fundo e Santa Maria, e aproveitamos essa oportunidade para uma conversa-orientação, acompanhada de uma entrevista, que durou algumas horas. Esta entrevista foi um marco inicial significativo para a minha pesquisa de doutorado intitulada “Pioneiros e Pioneiras da Educação Popular Freiriana e a Universidade”, que foi defendida em fevereiro de 2018, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Danilo Romeu Streck e a coorientação do próprio Brandão. Este estudo foi apresentado no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – Unisinos. A conversa e entrevista com Brandão foi essencial para o delineamento teórico e metodológico da minha tese, proporcionando reflexões valiosas sobre a trajetória da Educação Popular freiriana no contexto universitário.
Entrevista concedida em 10 de junho de 2016.
Educação Popular como Prática de Pesquisa na Internacionalização da Ciência Indígena (Brasil- Bolívia)
Authors: Arantes Socorro , Mayta Roger Adan Chambi
Published: December 2024

A Educação Popular fundamenta o pensamento latino-americano na construção de uma agenda científica de integração regional e internacionalização da ciência indígena no projeto de pesquisa financiado pelo Programa Abdias Nascimento da CAPES. Objetiva, analisar as dinâmicas organizativas do projeto de pesquisa, sob a ótica da Educação Popular como prática de pesquisa na internacionalização de pesquisas indígenas entre Brasil e Bolívia. A abordagem qualitativa, os estudos pós-coloniais, a pesquisa-ação, o levantamento documental e o método dialético fundamentam a metodologia. Os resultados parciais que a pedagogia da  Educação Popular fortalece as pesquisas indígenas na pós-graduação; possibilita de circularidade de uma rede de pesquisadores indígenas entre Brasil-Bolívia; fundamenta a construção de uma matriz de ciência indígena no contexto das universidades latino-americanas, discute a necessidade de políticas afirmativas na inclusão de indígenas em cursos de mestrado e doutorado, em razão da sub-representação indígena no sistema de pós-graduação e evidencia os desafios na execução das missões de estudo para internacionalização das pesquisas.
La aceleración azul del Antropoceno en los océanos mexicanos
Authors: Aguilar-Aguilar Rosenda , García Espinosa Salvador
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo se centra en la exploración y confirmación de la existencia de la llamada aceleración azul (entendida como el consumo y empleo intensivos de los recursos oceánicos en el Antropoceno) en los océanos mexicanos durante el periodo que abarca de 1950 a 2018. Mediante la investigación documental de cinco categorías de análisis de naturaleza consuntiva y tres de carácter no consuntivo, se pudo reconocer esta situación. Lo anterior es relevante para alertar sobre el comportamiento de las actividades económicas en este territorio y de las consecuencias ambientales que provocan.
Research on the System of Effective Criminal Defense
Authors: Xinlong Chen , Guo Yijia , Ren Tongxu , Jiang Yangbo
Published: December 2024

This article, based on the current state of China’s criminal procedure system and with a focus on improving the quality of criminal defense, explores the construction of an effective defense system tailored to China’s national context by incorporating international concepts of effective defense and practices of ineffective defense systems from other jurisdictions. By analyzing the concept of effective defense and its procedural and substantive values, the article identifies issues in China’s existing criminal defense system, particularly regarding lawyers’ visitation rights, access to case files, and the role of duty lawyers. The article argues that introducing the principle of effective defense and establishing an ineffective defense system with clear standards for lawyers’ performance and remedial mechanisms are essential steps in improving China’s criminal defense framework. Moreover, ensuring the protection of lawyers’ rights is a crucial prerequisite for achieving effective defense. Through the institutionalization of the effective defense concept, the article aims to enhance the fairness and authority of China’s criminal procedure system, thereby advancing the high-quality development of the rule of law.
CONNECTING THE DOTS: INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HBA1C AND LIPID PROFILE
Authors: JOSEPH KI  , SIVAGAMI K  , MOHAN KUMAR  , APARNAVI P  , JEEVITHAN S
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To determine the association between lipd profile and HbA1c. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is used to monitor blood sugar levels. HbA1c is one among the panel of tests that is done for patients who come for routine master health check-ups. This helps us to identify pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals. Diabetic individuals are at increased risk for dyslipidemia. The aim of this study is to look into the association between lipid profile and HbA1c.
Methodology: This study was done in a multispecialty hospital in the Western part of Tamil Nadu among the patients who came for master health check-ups between 2017 and 2024. Ethical Committee approval was obtained (EC/AP/1100/12/2023). From the laboratory database of 67,000 patients, patients who reported for the 1st time and had their HbA1c and lipid profile levels evaluated were selected. They were categorized into normal, pre-diabetic, and diabetic based on HbA1c values. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 27. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency and percentages whereas continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find if there was a significant difference in lipid profile among the three groups.
Results: Our study had 23,238 participants. Out of them 7168 (30.84%) had normal HbA1c levels, 8347 (35.91%) were pre-diabetics, and 7955 (34.23%) were diabetic patients. The mean total cholesterol (TC) level (186.8±40.14) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level (129.74±37.20). It was high for pre-diabetic patients. The median very LDL (VLDL) cholesterol (29.00(21–39) levels were higher for diabetic patients. The mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (39.54±9.40) were less for diabetic patients. One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in TC, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol levels between the three groups. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a positive correlation between VLDL, LDL, TC, and HbA1c. HbA1c and HDL cholesterol were negatively correlated.
Conclusion: Our study revealed a significant correlation between HbA1c and these changes signify a higher risk of cardiovascular complications in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Understanding these associations underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and proactive management of lipid profiles among pre-diabetics and diabetics to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and enhance their overall health.
NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME: THE NEED FOR A HIGH INDEX OF CLINICAL SUSPICION EVEN WHEN ON ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS IN ASIAN POPULATION – A CASE REPORT
Authors: HIMA SABU  , JAVED ANVAR HUSSAIN  , MINU BABY  , AISWARYA R NAIR
Published: December 2024

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare life-threatening neurological disorder associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Second-generation antipsychotics were assumed to have a lower risk of developing NMS; however, cases are being reported nowadays. Here, we are discussing of a 64-year-old male patient with underlying coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and recurrent depressive disorder for which he was on an atypical antipsychotic, olanzepine from an outside center admitted in our hospital with the syndrome of NMS. He was brought to the emergency department with complaints of delirium, confusion, and urinary incontinence. On examination, he had fever, disorientation, and cogwheel rigidity with raised creatine phosphokinase values in blood tests. He was diagnosed with NMS after ruling out other causes for delirium and similar manifestations such as serotonin syndrome and malignant hyperthermia. This case illustrates the fact that the incidence of NMS due to atypical antipsychotics is not negligible and the need for monitoring elderly patients who take this class of drug, especially while escalating doses as the condition is fatal. Our case report also looks into other probable predisposing as well as precipitating factors which need to be considered with caution.
A SINGLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL OF LOCAL APPLICATION OF KOHL-CHIKNI DAWA-A UNANI COMPOUND FORMULATION IN THE PATIENTS OF PRE-MATURE SENILE CATARACT
Authors: ZEHRA ZAIDI  , ABDUL NASIR
Published: December 2024

Objective: The present clinical trial was undertaken to evaluate the safety, preventive/ curative efficacy of the local application of KCD in patients of premature senile cataract, to provide an economic, safe, and effective alternative treatment for it.
Methods: The present prospective single-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken at Majeedia Hospital, Hamdard University, New Delhi. The diagnosed patients of premature senile cataract were randomly allocated to three groups for local application of KCD/ placebo.
Results: Ninety two patients completed the study period of 6 months. After treatment the results show that KCD was effective in the general amelioration of the signs, and symptoms of the premature senile cataract. KCD have some significant effect on grade I of PS Cataract as out of 52 cases; lens score was nil in 5 patients (9.6 %) but no effect on grades II and III premature senile cataract. Vision remains stationary in 44% cases during study period.
Conclusion: The dose of KCD in two sticks BID was safe, and tolerable with no side effects. KCD was also effective in loss of vision in grade I of PSC. KCD have potential to modulate the progress of early premature senile cataract. A multicentric trial of the test drug on a larger sample size for a longer duration of five years as per WHO recommendation is required to establish the efficacy of the formulation on premature senile cataract.
ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: MECHANISMS, CLINICAL BENEFITS, AND IMPLEMENTATION IN THERAPY
Authors: DHARANI B , SEBASTIAN STEPHY , A SUBA
Published: December 2024

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) encompasses a range of metabolic disorders marked by persistent high blood glucose levels. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), the more common form of the disease is characterized by insulin resistance and partial insulin deficiency. The primary contributors to mortality and morbidity in diabetes are its vascular complications. Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) is an antioxidant derived from caprylic acid and synthesized within the mitochondria. Extensive research shows that ALA aids in preventing and treating Diabetic Neuropathy (DN), lowers the risk of diabetes in at-risk individuals and is also beneficial for those with impaired glucose tolerance. Therefore, this review article aims to explore the different aspects of ALA and its beneficial effects on individuals with T2DM. A range of articles from databases such as Springer, Wiley, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, Embase and Cochrane were examined. References from these articles were also analysed to broaden the search for pertinent reviews. Administering ALA in T2DM was found to have beneficial effects like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, enhance glucose uptake, prevents diabetic neuropathy, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, cardio-protective, reno-protective, prevent diabetic retinopathy, anti-aging and improve metabolic parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Incorporating ALA into a comprehensive treatment plan, combined with lifestyle changes and standard therapies could improve patient outcome and enhance the quality of life for those managing T2DM and related conditions.
COMPARITIVE STUDY OF TOPICAL MINOXIDIL (5%) PLUS FINASTERIDE (0.1%) VERSUS PLATELET-RICH PLASMA PLUS TOPICAL MINOXIDIL (5%) PLUS FINASTERIDE (0.1%) IN PATIENTS WITH ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA
Authors: DHARA D PATEL  , SOM J LAKHANI  , SPANDAN K SHAH  , KRUNAL TRALSAWALA  , ARTI K BHABHOR
Published: December 2024

Objective: Androgenic alopecia is progressive loss of terminal hairs in patterned distribution. It causes psychoemotional problems and affects the quality of life. Therefore, to achieve optimal results, multiple modalities are required. In this study, the combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) along with topical drugs such as minoxidil and finasteride is compared with the conventional combination of topical minoxidil (5%)+Finasteride (0.1%)
Methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted on a total of 50 males with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) at the Department of Dermatology, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research for 1 year. A total of 50 males diagnosed with AGA were divided into two groups randomly. Patients in in Group A were recommended topical minoxidil (5%)+finasteride (0.1%), and Group B was treated with PRP along with topical minoxidil (5%)+finasteride (0.1%). PRP was done every month for 6 months and minoxidil applied over scalp twice daily for 6 months. Both groups were followed up monthly for 6 months and then after 6 months of last visit. Hair density was assessed using the Hamilton–Norwood scale using photographs and patient’s self-assessment scores. Data were evaluated applying Chi-square test.
Results: After 6 months of the last visit subjective response with minoxidil (5%) +finasteride (0.1%) showed good response in 26%, moderate in 39%, and poor in 35%, whereas PRP+minoxidil (5%)+finasteride (0.1%) group showed good response in 65%, 26% responded moderately and 9% responded poorly.
Conclusion: The combination therapy of PRP and topical minoxidil+finasteride being safe and effective can be used for patients unresponsive to conventional therapy and for faster outcome.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF THYROID LESIONS IN THE SOUTH-WEST PART OF PUNJAB- A TERTIARY CARE CENTER STUDY
Authors: JASMINE KAUR  , ARNAV KR ROYCHOUDHURY  , NIKITA GOYAL  , ANSHUL GUPTA  , VIJAY SURI
Published: December 2024

Objective: The objective is to study histomorphological patterns of thyroid lesions and to classify various thyroid malignant neoplasms according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.
Methods: The present observational study was done in the department of pathology in a tertiary care institute in 254 thyroid specimens to study histomorphological patterns of thyroid lesions and to classify various thyroid malignant neoplasms according to the WHO classification over 7 years from January 01st, 2010 to December 31st, 2016.
Results and Discussion: The most common age group affected was between the 2nd and 3rd decades. Females were more commonly affected than males and females: Male was 5:1. of the 254 cases, 221 were nonneoplastic and 33 were neoplastic. Among nonneoplastic lesions, the most common lesion was multinodular goiter with 121 (47.63%) cases, followed by Colloid goiter 63 (24.80%), adenomatoid goiter- 19 (7.48%), lymphocytic thyroiditis/Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) 17 (6.69%) and only 1 (0.39%) case was found to be of thyroglossal cyst. Among neoplastic lesions, follicular adenoma-24 (9.45%) was the most common lesion, then papillary carcinoma-7 (2.76%) cases, of which 2 (0.79%) were follicular variants of papillary carcinoma, medullary carcinoma - 1 (0.39%), and paraganglioma only 1 (0.39%) case.
Conclusion: The histological spectrum of thyroid diseases in the Malwa Region, Punjab, is similar to that seen around the globe and the region. Iodine deficiency has been identified as a significant public health problem, especially in the Sub Himalayan region of India. The consequences of persisting iodine deficiency are goiter, hyperavidity of the thyroid for iodide, and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy and early infancy. Similarly, clinical evaluation of goiter should be thorough and use all means, especially histopathological study of the specimens, to arrive at a definitive diagnosis, as thyroid carcinoma is not uncommon.
USG GUIDED ASSESSMENT OF ANTERIOR SOFT-TISSUE THICKNESS OF NECK FOR PREDICTION OF DIFFICULT INTUBATION IN MALE POPULATION ONLY: PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: NEERAJA BALAKRISHNA  , GOKUL B  , RAGHU KC  , VIKRAM SINGH RATHORE
Published: December 2024

Objective: The use of ultrasound (US) imaging for anatomical evaluation has been an exciting technological advancement in the field of anesthesia. The growing utilization of the US is due to its proven clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and practicality. This technology allows anesthesiologists to assess complex and diverse anatomy.
Methods: In a prospective observational study, US was used to measure the airway dimensions of 100 male patients. The study included assessing the minimal distance from the hyoid bone to the skin surface (DSHB-HB), the distance from the skin to the midway point between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage (DSEM-TM), and the minimal distance from the skin to the anterior commissure (DSAC-AC). These patients were scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia after giving informed written consent. The relationship between easy and difficult laryngoscopy and categorical variables was analyzed using the Pearson Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. A p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: No significant difference in body mass index values in the easy and difficult laryngoscopy group. Out of 100 male patients, 80 were (80%) in the easy laryngoscopy group and 20 were (20%) in the difficult laryngoscopy group . The mean distances were 62.81 ± 22.82 mm, 41.09 ± 22.33 mm, and 39.30 ± 14.97 mm, respectively, for DSHB-HB, DSEM-TM, and DSAC-AC. There is a significant association between easy and difficult laryngoscopy and the increased distance from the hyoid bone to the skin surface, the distance from the skin to the epiglottis midway, and the distance from the skin to the anterior commissure (p<0.05).
Conclusion: US-assisted evaluation of the airway by the anesthesiologist has significant advantages compared to relying solely on clinical assessment.
A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF ADVERSE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH SODIUM-GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER 2 INHIBITOR DAPAGLIFLOZIN IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: ASWINI S  , BABU EZHUMALAI  , HANUSHA V  , SETHUMEENA S
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of adverse effects associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) dapagliflozin in a real-world setting.
Methods: This observational study was conducted prospectively over 3 months in a tertiary care center in India. It focused on in-patients aged over 18 who were diagnosed with heart failure, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, or chronic kidney disease, and undergoing treatment with SGLT2i, specifically dapagliflozin, at doses of 5 or 10 mg. Patients with a glomerular filtration rate of <25 mL/min/1.73 m², pregnant or lactating women, and individuals with end-stage renal disease or undergoing dialysis were excluded from this study. Patient demographics, clinical history, and medication usage were collected using a structured pro forma.
Results: Among 60 patients, 15 (25%) experienced adverse effects. Women and those over 50 years had a significantly higher prevalence of adverse effects. The common adverse effects were urinary tract infection 5 (8.3%), urinary-like symptoms 4 (6.6%), gastrointestinal upset 3 (5%), weakness 2 (3%), and hyponatremia 1 (1.6%). The dosage (5 mg and 10 mg) was significantly associated with side effects (p<0.002). Management strategies varied, including discontinuation, temporary halting, or no change in treatment.
Conclusion: The observed higher prevalence of adverse effects in older individuals, particularly women, and with higher drug doses further emphasizes the necessity for close clinical monitoring during the initial phases of treatment.
FROM PLEASURE TO PERIL: EXAMINING THE TOXIC AND POTENTIAL CARCINOGENIC IMPLICATIONS OF PREMIUM PAN MASALA CONSUMPTION
Authors: PRERONA BORUAH  , ADITYA B YADAV  , MALA PARAB  , PRAMODKUMAR P GUPTA
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to assess the phytochemical composition and toxicity profile of pan masala, with and without tobacco, through cellular toxicity analysis. The specific objectives are to analyze the cytotoxicity of pan masala extracts on fibroblast and keratinocyte cells and to investigate DNA fragmentation and apoptosis induced by these products.
Methods: Two popular brands of pan masala, one with and one without tobacco, were selected for phytochemical and toxicity evaluation. Aqueous extracts of both products were tested on mice fibroblast cells for cytotoxicity analysis. In addition, keratinocyte cell lines were employed to assess DNA fragmentation and apoptosis through standard molecular assays.
Results: The study revealed a significant increase in toxicity in both types of pan masala. Pan masala extracts caused marked cytotoxic effects on fibroblast cells and induced DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in keratinocytes. These toxicological impacts were observed in both tobacco-containing and tobacco-free samples, with heightened damage noted in the presence of tobacco.
Conclusion: The findings confirm that pan masala, with or without tobacco, has substantial cytotoxic effects, posing serious risks to normal cellular functions. Both varieties are implicated in DNA damage and apoptosis, underscoring the urgent need for public health interventions to reduce the consumption of these products due to their potential to cause severe oral and systemic health issues.
REVIEW ON PELLETIZATION: DRY POWDER LAYERING OF PELLETS USING TANGENTIAL SPRAY ROTOR PROCESSOR/INSERT
Authors: RITIK R RAMDHANI  , SURAJ C BHATT  , PURNIMA D AMIN
Published: December 2024

Pelletization turns fine powders or granules into small, round pellets for easy flow and handling. These pellets offer advantages such as improved absorption, modified drug release patterns & reduced irritation at application sites. Dry powder layering is gaining popularity in the pharmaceutical industry due to its cost and time efficiency. This method is an effective and straightforward process, can be alternative to liquid-based coating techniques. In recent years, active pharmaceutical ingredient layering onto multi-particulate core materials. One innovative pelletization method uses a rotor processor for powder layering. This process involves applying drug powder onto sugar spheres & spraying a binder solution to achieve uniform distribution and enhance drying efficiency. Compared to traditional methods, this dry powder layering is faster & more energy-efficient, reducing drying time & energy consumption. It is a streamlined and eco-friendly method as no solvent is required which makes it beneficial for pellet coating. This article provide insights on the powder layering technique with innovative fluid bed pelletizing technologies like rotor processor, glatt powder coater granulator series, tangential spray in the rotary insert, complex perfect sphere insert and glatt procell series & their applications.
PREVALENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI ON LEAFY VEGETABLES SOLD AT A COMMUNITY MARKET
Authors: CELESTINA C UGWU
Published: December 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in leafy vegetables sold at a community market as well as determine their antibiotic susceptibility patterns on some commonly used antibiotics.
Methods: A total of thirty (30) different leafy vegetables of different species were bought from different vendors at Eke-Agbani market in Nkanu West L.G.A. The bacteria were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined using the disk diffusion method.
Results: The mean bacterial load of S. aureus and E. coli from these samples ranged from 4.2×106 to 8.3×106 cfu/g and 4.7×106 to 7.6×106 cfu/g, respectively. The number of positive samples and negative samples are 18 (60%) and 12 (40%), respectively. The percentage distribution of both S. aureus and E. coli was 50%, respectively. The susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics showed that all E. coli isolates had 100% sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, tarivid, reflacin, ceporex, and augmentin. All the S. aureus isolates had 100% sensitivity to gentamycin, amoxicillin, and ciprofloxacin. All the S. aureus isolates had 100% resistant to chloramphenicol.
Conclusions: The results revealed the presence of S. aureus and E. coli in the vegetables screened. The presence of these bacteria may pose a serious threat to human health as some of these vegetables are consumed without proper cooking. Therefore, adequate measures should be taken by consumers to ensure proper washing before consuming as well as advising the public on antibiotic use.
ENDOMETRIOID ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA: AN INSTITUTIONAL CASE SERIES
Authors: K T ATHULYA KRISHNA KUMAR
Published: December 2024

Objective: To present a case series of endometrioid endometrial carcinoma having diverse presentations, histopathological features, and therapeutic modalities.
Methods: A case series of five cases of histopathologically diagnosed endometrioid endometrial carcinoma in a tertiary care center has been presented. Cases were collected over a period of 8 months (April 2017–December 2017).
Results: The ages of the patients ranged from 48 to 67 years. All patients were post-menopausal and one patient was pre-menopausal. In histopathology, there were two cases of grade 1, two cases of grade 3, and a single case of grade 2. FIGO staging of the cancers ranged from stage I to stage IIIc and appropriate therapeutic modalities were used based on grading and staging of the malignancies.
Conclusion: This case series highlights the clinical heterogeneity of endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. Increased education regarding early screening measures of endometrial carcinoma will aid in optimizing prevention and treatment protocols.
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY, AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF LIGNIN-PYRROLE DERIVATIVES AS A JAK3 INHIBITOR
Authors: NISHA CHIRIAPANDA LOHITH  , RANJINI PUTTASWAMY  , DEVARAJU
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The aim of the study was to predict the interaction patterns between poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR1), and Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) with lignin-pyrrole derivatives using molecular docking studies. In vitro anti-cancer activity of lignin-pyrrole derivatives on HeLa cells.
Methods: The key proteins such as PARP, Rad18, VEGFR1, JAK3, alpha-beta tubulin, SarA, Rad6, VEGFR2, leukocyte type core 2 beta 1, 6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase,and epidermal growth factor receptor kinase domain were retrieved from the protein data bank. The effect of compounds on cell proliferation of HeLa cells was determined by MTT assay. The cell was treated with or without compound and was incubated for 48 h.
Results: The cytotoxicity assay was performed for the initial screening of lignin-pyrrole derivatives. Among the tested molecules, compound 4b emerged to be potent against HeLa cells at lower concentrations.
Conclusion: Molecular docking studies revealed that the screened compounds are found to be good PARP, VEGFR1, and JAK3 inhibitors. In vitro screening proved that the compounds can be good antiproliferative agents.
VARIED CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS OF CHANCROID: A CASE SERIES AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: SPANDAN K. SHAH  , KRUNAL TRALSAWALA  , DHARA D. PATEL  , SOM J LAKHANI
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the diverse clinical manifestations of chancroid, investigate associated coinfections, and evaluate treatment outcomes.
Methods: A prospective case series was conducted involving six patients diagnosed with chancroid. Each patient underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, with photographic documentation of lesions. Laboratory investigations were performed to confirm chancroid and identify potential coinfections. Treatment was tailored according to the clinical findings and diagnostic results.
Results: The study revealed a spectrum of atypical ulcer presentations, including phagedenic ulcers, large ulcers, and small discrete lesions, suggesting the influence of coexisting STIs. Laboratory evaluations confirmed the presence of coinfections such as HIV, syphilis, and herpes in several cases.
Conclusion: Chancroid can present with diverse and atypical clinical features, often in the context of coexisting STIs. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are critical to preventing complications and improving patient outcomes.
TO STUDY THE SEROPREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN CASES OF ACUTE UNDIFFERENTIATED FEBRILE ILLNESS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, AMRITSAR
Authors: SUNIDHI SOHAL  , KANWARDEEP SINGH  , SHAILPREET KAUR SIDHU  , SATPAL ALOONA  , LOVEENA OBEROI  , MANINDER KAUR  , NEELU NAGPAL
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study sought to determine the seroprevalence of human brucellosis in patients presenting with acute undifferentiated illness at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: The cross-sectional investigation was done on patients presenting to the outpatient or inpatient Department of Medicine at Government Medical College, Amritsar during the study period, regardless of age group, with an acute undifferentiated febrile illness. A 5 mL of whole blood was extracted in a plain vacutainer from suspected patients and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed.
Results: Out of 100 samples,11 came out positive by ELISA. Four females and seven males tested positive. Three (27.27%) of the 11 samples had immunoglobulin (Ig)G anti-bodies, whereas 8 (72.72%) samples had IgM anti-bodies.
Conclusion: Brucellosis is a serious zoonotic illness with consequences for public health. Efforts should be focused on creating and executing efficient animal vaccination programs, as well as on better diagnostic techniques.
QUALITY OF ANTI-COAGULATION, PREDICTORS, AND CONSEQUENCES OF DERANGED INR OF PATIENTS ON WARFARIN THERAPY
Authors: AKANKSHA MATHUR  , ACHAL SHARMA
Published: December 2024

Objective: Warfarin therapy is considered challenging because of the narrow therapeutic index and various pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. Inability to maintain the international normalized ratio (INR) in therapeutic range results into adverse events. The study aims to characterize the quality of anti-coagulation with warfarin and its outcome in terms of adverse events along with analysis of various predictors for INR control.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center involving all adult patients (≥18 years) on warfarin therapy presenting to the cardiology outpatient department for 1 year. Current INR, time in therapeutic range (TTR), and adverse events, if any were documented and managed appropriately. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to model the predictors of deranged INR values.
Results: Of all 425 patients, 164 (38.58%) patients had non-target INR values, 111 (26.11%) were subtherapeutic, and 53 (12.47%) were supratherapeutic. Increased incidence of subtherapeutic range INR was found in women (IRR=1.09; p=0.002) and in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation (IRR=1.24; p<0.001). On the other hand, increased incidence of supratherapeutic INR was found in patients having renal failure (IRR=1.12; p<0.001). Four (2.4%) patients with subtherapeutic INR developed stroke and 3 (1.92%) patients with high INR resulted into bleeding.
Conclusion: The study found low percentage of TTR in patients on warfarin therapy. Predictors for poor anticoagulation control were women, valvular atrial fibrillation, renal failure along with drug interactions, and non-adherence to therapy.
A COMPARISON OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED SUPRACLAVICULAR VERSUS INFRACLAVICULAR BLOCKS FOR HAND AND FOREARM SURGERIES
Authors: ANANYA HAGJER  , DEEPANNITA SUTRADHAR  , RUPANKAR NATH  , SUNEETA DUTTA
Published: December 2024

Objective: Regional anesthesia, particularly techniques such as supraclavicular (SCB) and infraclavicular (ICB) blocks, is increasingly favored over general anesthesia for upper limb surgeries due to its safety and efficacy, especially with ultrasound guidance.
Methods: A study was conducted at Silchar Medical College and Hospital involving 120 patients undergoing elective hand and forearm surgeries. These patients were randomly divided into SCB and ICB groups. Each block was performed using ultrasound guidance with an 8-MHz ultrasonic linear scanning probe. Patients received pre-medication, including pantoprazole/ranitidine, ondansetron, and midazolam (anxiolytic dose), 15 min before the procedure. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of ultrasound guidance in SCB block versus ICB block in terms of sensory and motor block, time taken to visualize structures, block performance time, and observe other parameters such as complications.
Results: Significant differences were observed between the SCB and ICB groups in terms of systolic BP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP). The SCB group exhibited a higher MAP, whereas the ICB group required more time for structure visualization and block performance. However, the ICB group achieved complete sensory blocks quicker than the SCB group. Needle advancements were more frequent in the SCB group as compared to the ICB group.
Conclusion: The study concluded that while the ICB group had a longer block performance time, it experienced fewer complications, making ultrasound-guided ICB block a more effective option for upper limb surgeries compared to the SCB block.
STUDY TO ASSESS SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS, LIPID PROFILE, AND THYROID PROFILE IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS
Authors: PATTI ANUSHA RANI  , DEVA PRAGNA PRASHANTHI
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to evaluate thyroid hormone levels, lipid profiles, and serum ferritin concentrations in hypothyroid patients, exploring the interplay between iron deficiency, thyroid function, and lipid metabolism.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, from 2019 to 2021, with 50 hypothyroid patients (aged 25–45 years) and 100 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected after 8–10 h of fasting and analyzed for thyroid hormones, ferritin, and lipid profiles. Statistical analysis was performed using EpiInfo software, with p<0.05 considered significant.
Results: The study revealed significantly elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (13.4±10.2 mIU/l) and reduced Triiodothyronine (T3) (0.81±0.31 nmol/dL) and Thyroxine (T4) (4.4±0.93 μg/dL) levels in hypothyroid patients compared to controls (p<0.05). The serum ferritin levels were markedly lower in hypothyroid patients (16.9±13.9 ng/mL) than in controls (43.3±19.9 ng/mL), with 68% of cases showing ferritin deficiency. Dyslipidemia was prominent, with higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very LDL levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein in cases compared to controls (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Hypothyroid patients exhibit significant ferritin deficiency and dyslipidemia, highlighting the interconnectedness of iron status, thyroid function, and lipid metabolism. Addressing iron deficiency in hypothyroid patients may improve thyroid function and overall metabolic health.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TENELIGLIPTIN VERSUS HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE AS ADD ON THERAPY IN UNCONTROLLED TYPE-II DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors: KRUNAL NATVARLAL CHAUHAN  , ALKA YADAV  , ANURAG JAIN  , RAHUL KUMAR PAL  , JITENDRA KUMAR DONERIA
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of teneligliptin versus hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as add-on therapy in uncontrolled T2DM patients. To measure the safety and efficacy of Teneligliptin and Hydroxychloroquine as add on therapy in uncontrolled type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. To compare the safety and efficacy of Teneligliptin and Hydroxychloroquine during the study. To assess the Glycaemic control in patients of Type-2 diabetes mellitus before treatment and after treatment.
Methods: This randomized, Observational and Prospective study enrolled 124 uncontrolled T2DM patients who were inadequately controlled on Metformin and Glimepiride therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either teneligliptin (20mg/day) or HCQ (400mg/d ay) as add-on therapy for week 4,12 and 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24.
Results: Both Teneligliptin and HCQ significantly reduced HbA1c levels from baseline, with a greater reduction observed in the Teneligliptin group (p < 0.001). Additionally, the Teneligliptin group demonstrated improved fasting blood sugar (FBS) and postprandial glucose (PPG) levels in comparison to Hydroxychloroquine.
Conclusion: This study suggests that Teneligliptin is a more effective and tolerable add-on therapy compared to Hydroxychloroquine in uncontrolled T2DM patients, highlighting its potential as a valuable treatment option for improving glycaemic control.