bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Involuntary singlehood, gender equality and mental health in contemporary Sweden
Authors: Wemrell M
Published: October 2024

In recent years, acts of violence against women have been tied to online communities of men who self-identify as involuntary celibates or ‘incels’. These men experience an inability to enter intimate relationships with women, attributing the issue to a gynocentric order in which women hold power and men are victims. This is while evidence suggests that in contemporary societies at large, growing numbers of men live without, or face difficulties in forming, intimate relationships with women, and while many men in Sweden, particularly young ones, report loneliness. At the same time, in Sweden we see a growing polarization between men and women regarding views on gender equality, especially among youth, as young men express gender conservative values and the notion that feminism is to blame for some men’s feelings of societal marginalization. Increased knowledge about these issues, and how they may be connected, is of strong importance for public mental health. In an ongoing research project, we take the incels phenomenon as our starting-point and as one area of attention, while also directing focus toward involuntary singlehood and celibacy among men and women in Sweden more broadly. The latter is investigated through a survey, which is the focus of this presentation. The survey explores the prevalence of short- and long-term experiences of involuntary singlehood and celibacy among men and women in the general population (n = 5000), and how such experiences are made sense of. Any correlations between such experiences and self-rated mental health and satisfaction with life, and attitudes towards gender equality and violence against women, are investigated, including any noteworthy differences along lines of gender, age and socioeconomic background. Experienced loneliness, irrespective of relationship status, is also assessed. The presentation will discuss preliminary results of the survey study and discuss their implications for public mental health.

Key messages

• Involuntary singlehood among men is a public health issue warranting further investigation.

• Correlations between involuntary singlehood and mental health as well as attitudes towards gender equality will be discussed.
Rising Mental Health Issues from Remote Work Challenges in South Korea Amid COVID-19
Authors: Sim J H , Yun B Y , Park H J , Oh J Y , Yoon J H
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased remote work, raising concerns about its impact on mental health. This study assessed the relationship between the challenges of remote work during the pandemic and mental health outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. An online survey was conducted among South Korean adults, with data from 507 participants analyzed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Results indicated that participants in the ‘difficult’ remote work category experienced higher rates of anxiety (26.6%), sleep disorders (37.3%), and depressive symptoms (38.4%) compared to the ‘non-difficult’ category (14.1% anxiety, 24.8% sleep disorder, and 24.8% depressive symptoms), with all differences statistically significant (p ≤ 0.005). Logistic regression models adjusted for demographics and socio-economic factors revealed increased odds of mental health issues in the ‘difficult’ group (ORs ranging from 2.241 to 3.210). Sub-group analysis highlighted significant disparities, particularly among blue-collar workers and men. The findings underscore the need for organizational strategies to mitigate the mental health challenges of remote work. Interventions should include improving technological infrastructure, enhancing workspace ergonomics, and fostering robust communication channels to replace in-person interactions. Additionally, policies should address the differential impacts observed between genders and industries, tailoring support to diverse needs. On a personal level, promoting regular indoor exercise could help workers manage stress and enhance their well-being in remote work settings. This study calls for a comprehensive approach to managing the complex impacts of remote work on mental health.

Key messages

• This study calls for a comprehensive approach to managing the complex impacts of remote work on mental health.

• The findings underscore the need for organizational strategies to mitigate the mental health challenges of remote work.
Diabetes, chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Germany and Europe (EHIS-3 Survey)
Authors: Sarganas G , Kuhnert R , Baumert J , Thamm R , Steppuhn H , Waldhauer J , Neuhauser H , Heidemann C
Published: October 2024

Background

We examined the prevalence of major NCD groups (diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD)) as well as self-rated health (SRH) and health-related limitation in everyday activities among those with one of these NCD in Germany and Europe (average of 28 European countries (EU-28)).

Methods

Data was derived from the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS-3, 2019/20). Health indicators were: self-reported diabetes, CRD and CVD in the past 12 months; SRH (very good/good vs. fair, bad, very bad) and health-related limitations in usual everyday activities for at least 6 months (severe/moderate vs. no limitation). Educational level was operationalized via ISCED-11. Analyses are age-standardized to the European Standard Population 2013.

Results

Prevalence of major NCD in Germany were statistically significantly higher than in the EU-28: diabetes 8.1% vs. 7.1%, CRD 11.2% vs. 7.9% and CVD 6.6% vs. 5.4%. Highest prevalence was observed in the lowest educational group and lowest prevalence in the highest educational group for all of these NCD in Germany as well as in the EU-28. The proportion of a very good/good SRH among people having one of these NCD was higher in Germany compared to the EU-28: for people with diabetes 35.8% vs. 31.0%, with CRD 45.6% vs. 42.9% and with CVD 25.3% vs.19.1%. The proportion of health-related limitations among those having at least one of these NCD varied according to educational level in Germany as well as in the EU-28 with a higher prevalence among people with low educational level compared to high.

Conclusions

Even though prevalence of these NCD were higher in Germany, a higher proportion of very good/good SRH for people with one of these NCD was observed compared to the EU-28. Many factors such as severity of disease, disease management and care could explain this difference. Social inequalities were present not only in the prevalence of NCD but also in health-related limitations in Germany and Europe.

Key messages

• Prevalence of self-reported major NCD were higher in Germany while self-rated health among people having NCD was better than in Europe.

• Health equity interventions in Germany and Europe are necessary.
Exploring the Psychosocial Impact of Hospitalization for COVID-19: Insights from Patient Experiences
Authors: Kalampoka V , Sakaretsanou A K , Bakola M , Kitsou K S , Gourzis P , Charalambous G , Jelastopulu E
Published: October 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely tested the organizational structure and operational effectiveness of healthcare systems. We aimed to explore the experiences of patients who have been hospitalized due to COVID-19.

Methods

Employing purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted covering eight topics: 1) the experience of COVID-19 diagnosis, 2) the most difficult moments during hospitalization, 3) difficulties related to hospital conditions and safety protocols, 4) interactions with healthcare professionals, 5) received support, 6) social stigma, 7) concerns about the future, and 8) post-COVID and long COVID syndrome. Twelve individuals (six women and six men; mean age 57.5 (SD = 13) years; mean length of stay 18.1 (SD = 3.1) days) participated. The data analysis was carried out using the phenomenological method according to Colaizzi.

Results

Patients reported a spectrum of emotions including loneliness, isolation, abandonment, disappointment, insecurity and fear of death. Interactions with healthcare professionals revealed a dichotomy: experiences of respectful, reassuring care contrasted with encounters lacking psycho-emotional support within an impersonal healthcare setting.

Conclusions

This study sheds light on the experiences of patients on the nursing wards and their psychosocial burden. Most of them reported negative emotions such as loneliness, isolation, sadness, fear and anxiety rather than positive experiences such as hope, interpersonal connectedness, self-identity, empathy, caring and safety.

Key messages

• The study highlights psychosocial challenges for COVID-19 patients, emphasizing the urgent need for robust support systems.

• The study provides insights for future similar situations and highlights the need for adaptable care models based on principles such as empathy, safety and personalized approaches.
Examining the Relationship Between Socio-Demographic Variables and Eco-Anxiety A Systematic Review
Authors: Di Russo M , Campo E , Congedo G , Lombardi G S , Nachira L , Zjalic D , Innocenti M , Cadeddu C , Bruno S , Fioravanti G
Published: October 2024

Background

Eco-anxiety is a rising concern among young people, characterized by persistent feelings of fear, helplessness, and despair stemming from the looming and uncertain threats of climate change. Understanding how socioeconomic status and demographic factors influence the development of eco-anxiety is crucial in addressing this issue. This study aimed to analyze the literature to elucidate this relationship and its public health implications.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and APA PsycInfo databases. A total of 1,170 articles were initially retrieved, with 10 meeting the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment was performed using the AXIS Tool modification for cross-sectional studies. Data extraction was systematically carried out to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic and demographic determinants and young people’s emotional responses to climate change.

Results

Preliminary findings indicated that various socioeconomic and demographic factors influence young people’s emotional responses to climate change. Family stressors, economic instability, cultural beliefs, and social influences were identified as significant determinants, contributing to eco-anxiety, ecological distress, and climate change grief among youth.

Conclusions

The study underscores the importance of considering socioeconomic and demographic factors in addressing eco-anxiety among young people. By recognizing these influences, policymakers, educators, and mental health professionals can develop tailored interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of eco-anxiety. Public health actions may include enhancing mental health services, implementing educational programs, and addressing social determinants of health to alleviate eco-anxiety and promote resilience among youth facing climate-related challenges. This review is produced as part of the PRIN P2022JJ3LB project, funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research.

Key messages

• Socioeconomic and demographic factors significantly influence young people’s emotional responses to climate change, including the development of eco-anxiety and ecological distress.

• Understanding family stressors, economic instability, and social influences is crucial for tailored interventions for youth.
The impact of the covid 19 pandemic on eating disorders in Slovenia
Authors: Hafner A , Zupan D
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Eating disorders are an important public health problem of adolescents. The purpose of the research was to examine the impact of the covid 19 pandemic on eating disorders, as adolescents were one of the most affected groups.

Methods

Data from the databases of the National Institute of Public Health (Outpatient Health Statistics and Database of Hospital Treatments for Diseases for the period from 2010 to 2021 and the Database of Deaths for the period from 2000 to 2021 were used for typical (F50.0) and atypical (F50.1) anorexia nervosa, typical (F50.2) and atypical (F50.3) bulimia nervosa and unspecified eating disorders (F50.9)) and the web portal To sem jaz.net for the period from 2012 to 2022. Data on of first visits and hospital treatments were processed for a twelve-year period and crude rates were calculated according to time, gender and diagnoses.

Results

Data showed that rates of first visits at the primary level and rates of hospital treatment did not change statistically significantly between 2010 and 2019 for women and for men. In 2020 and 2021, both rates increased for women and men. Based on the 10-year average for the period from 2010 to 2019, in 2021 the rate of first visits at primary level increased by 119 % for women and 91 % for men, and the rate of inpatient treatment increased by 50% for women and 80% for men. Girls predominated among treated at primary and secondary levels. The increase in first visits and hospital treatments was mainly due to anorexia nervosa. In the period from 2000 to 2021, eating disorders were the main cause of death for 24 people in Slovenia. In 2022, there were 3.7 times more questions in the field of eating disorders at web portal To sem jaz.net than in 2019.

Conclusions

Eating disorders are chronic diseases that develop over many years. The increase in mental health problems associated with the covid 19 pandemic may be reflected in the increase in eating disorders in the following years as well.

Key messages

• Eating disorders are an important public health problem of adolescents.

• The increase in mental health problems associated with the covid 19 pandemic may be reflected in the increase in eating disorders in the following years as well.
Factors associated with low resilience among French university students during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Todorovic A , Baumann C , Tarquinio C , Rotonda C , Rousseau H , Bourion-Bédès S
Published: October 2024

Background

COVID-19 and subsequent lockdowns had an impact on the mental health of students, who had already been identified as a vulnerable population prior to this pandemic. At the end of the first COVID-19 lockdown, 15% of students reported suffering from moderate to severe anxiety. Psychological resilience is defined as the ability to bounce back from a stressful event and has been shown to have a positive impact on mental health parameters. This study aimed to identify factors associated with low resilience in the student population of the Grand Est region of France, at the end of the first national containment related to COVID-19.

Methods

The PIMS-CoV19 study: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among students at the University of Lorraine to collect sociodemographic data, living and learning conditions, as well as levels of resilience and perceived health. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Model robustness was assessed using bootstrap resampling.

Results

Among 3708 students, 50.6% had normal resilience, while 37.3% reported low resilience. Female gender (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.8-2.6) and low social support (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6) were the main risk factors for low resilience. Negative thoughts (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.4-1.5), lower quality of relationships with people in general (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3-1.8), and studying arts, humanities, or languages (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-1.8) were identified as risk factors. Increased age (OR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.9-1.0) and flat sharing (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) were protective factors against low resilience.

Conclusions

Resilience seems to be impacted primarily by internal and micro-environmental factors. Consolidating levels of individual resilience of at-risk populations by acting on these factors could be the key to improving their mental health.

Key messages

• Resilience seems to be impacted primarily by internal and micro-environmental factors.

• Consolidating levels of individual resilience of at-risk populations by acting on these factors could be the key to improving their mental health.
Youth mental health outreach interventions: lessons from an experience capitalisation process
Authors: Villeval M , Georgelin B , Jean-Gilles E , Brun J , Delescluse T , Van Hoye A , Krache A , Berdougo F
Published: October 2024

Issue

Young people face socioeconomic, geographical and cultural barriers to access care and support in mental health. Practitioners implement outreach initiatives to improve mental health and address health inequalities, mostly developed in a ‘no-request for care’ context.

Methods

To better understand the implementation mechanisms of these initiatives, Fondation de France commissioned the French Society for Public Health to carry out an experience capitalisation to inspire other professionals. Experience capitalisation method was used, based on in depth interviews with project stakeholders. Covered themes were: the description of history, strategies and activities; identification of key moment and key levers; skills and knowledge used.

Results

Nine mental health outreach projects implemented across regions of France were selected with the help of a multidisciplinary steering committee. Each project was synthetised in a capitalisation document and a cross-sectional analysis was undertaken.

Lessons

• A variety of outreach approaches were carried on: meeting adolescents in the street or at coffee shops; home-based interventions; consultations in converted van etc. • Outreach is not just a matter of physically moving outside health structures but requires non-judging and flexible stance to adjust to the youth’s pace and will. To extend their approach to mobility, professionals deepen their team’s multidisciplinarity, broaden cross-sector partnerships and mobilise new skills and creativity. • Adolescents’ participation to care or support plans was one of projects strengths, whether they suffer from anxiety or mental disorders. However, their participation in governance and decisions regarding global projects remained limited.

Key messages

• To reduce mental health inequalities and enhance youth participation in outreach interventions, empowerment and wellbeing of interventions practitioners should also be supported.

• Capitalisation of experience in health promotion is a promising method contributing to professional acknowledgment and development of shared knowledge on interventions implementation.
Investigating the role of psychosocial stress factors in back pain patients
Authors: Schmetsdorf J , Krüger K , Posselt J , Runde W , Zechel H G , Krauth C
Published: October 2024

Background

In 2022, 27.35 million people in Germany were diagnosed with back pain. This results in a 1-year prevalence of 32.64 percent of the population and 96,8 million days of incapacity to work. Moreover, patients with back pain often suffer from additional mental disorders (e.g. anxiety, depression). This study investigated the influence of other health-related factors such as psychosocial stress in these patients.

Methods

A randomized controlled study was conducted with 297 gainfully employed participants in a rural rehabilitation center in Germany Bad Zwischenahn who received a 4-week multimodal pain therapy. 150 participants were allocated to the intervention (IG) who received an additional 12-month relapse prevention treatment while 147 were allocated to the control group (CG) who received no such additional treatment. Data was obtained via questionnaire (three measurement points) and claims data. Among other health-related outcomes, the number of sick days was examined. A 10-item subscale of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was included to measure common psychosocial stress factors.

Results

The evaluation of the PHQ (summary) scores revealed a mild stress level at all three dates. Of the ten psychosocial stress factors surveyed, the highest level was reported in the IG and CG on the scale “Worrying about health”. The IG improved significantly (p = .017) compared to the CG after one year reporting decreased health worries. Further analyses carried out by analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that health worries are significantly associated to a higher number of sick days in the IG (p = .002) and CG (p = .010).

Conclusions

With regard to psychosocial stressors, the participants were primarily affected by health worries. The results indicate that health concerns are the primary psychosocial stress factor associated with back pain and should be taken into account in the treatment of back pain.

Key messages

• A 12-month relapse prevention treatment significantly reduced the psychosocial stress experienced by people with back pain after their rehabilitation treatment.

• Concerning psychosocial stress factors, the participants of both groups were primarily affected by health worries.
The impact of telework on mental health: a secondary analysis of the 2023 BelHealth
Authors: Bracho Montes de Oca E , Gisle L , Hermans L , Duveau C , Cagnie B , De Pauw R , de Geus B
Published: October 2024

Background

Teleworking gained ground in most workplaces, but questions remain about its impact on mental health. This research used data from the BELHEALTH cohort, a Belgian longitudinal wellbeing study, to investigate the relationship between the extent of telework and three mental health outcomes: anxiety, depression, and burnout.

Methods

In June 2023, the quarterly online survey assessed telework frequency (never, monthly, weekly, daily) as well as state of anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9) and burnout (BAT-12). A complete case analysis (n = 2,303) of these cross-sectional data was performed with employed participants aged 18-65 years. Logit generalized linear mixed models were constructed, with the mental health outcomes as binary outcomes, telework as ordinal covariates, and occupation, type of job, as random effects. The anxiety, and depression models were controlled for geographical location, sex, age, and education confounders, whereas the burnout model was controlled only for sex, and education due to lack of observations.

Results

In this secondary analysis, we found that daily telework increased the odds of anxiety by 2.33 (95% CI [1.71; 3.17], p < 0.01), the odds of depression by 2.98 (95% CI [2.16; 4.12], p < 0.001), and the odds of burnout by 1.17 (95% CI [0.87; 1.58], p > 0.05) as compared with not teleworking while controlling for confounders. The category of monthly telework was associated with lower odds of anxiety (0.85; 95% CI [0.67; 1.07], p > 0.05), depression (0.91; 95% CI [0.74; 1.28], p > 0.05), and burnout (0.95; 95% CI [0.79; 1.15], p > 0.05) as compared to not teleworking.

Conclusions

Full-time teleworkers seem to have a higher odds for negative mental health outcomes. Future studies should focus on the long-term causal mechanisms that explain how telework intensity influences mental health to tailor and optimize current wellbeing initiatives at the workplace.

Key messages

• Our survey points out that full-time teleworkers seem to be at risk of mental health problems.

• The frequency of telework has a mixed influence on mental health, indicating that different employees need tailored wellbeing initiatives.
Social factors that promote resilience in adolescents with depression: a systematic review
Authors: Hysaj M , Crone M R , Kiefte J C , Vermeiren RRJM
Published: October 2024

Background

A socially protective environment matters. Social factors can protect against the development of depression among adolescents in community samples. There is however scant knowledge about their buffering role on the impact of depressive symptoms in adolescents in a clinical setting. Understanding these factors can help explaining why some children function well despite of their depression symptoms. In this review, we aimed to identify which social protective factors mitigate impairment from depression in adolescents.

Methods

We included peer-reviewed, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies using the following search strategy: Social protective factors AND depression or depression symptoms AND adolescents AND daily impairment, yielding 1737 hits. Included studies focused on social protective factors in relation to a depression diagnosis or depression symptoms severity, in adolescents age 11-24.

Preliminary results

We found 6 studies that examined the relationship between social protective factors and impairment or severity of depression symptoms in adolescents with a clinical depression or elevated symptoms. In these studies, higher rates of parental attachment, parental monitoring and school belonging moderated the relation between depression symptoms and daily impairment. Higher rates of family support and peer belonging were associated with the low depressed mood group. The rest of the studies tested the association of social protective factors on the development of depression symptoms in non-clinical populations.

Conclusions

There are limited studies on the buffering role of social protective factors in adolescents with clinical depression. Next, we will focus on non-clinical, longitudinal studies to explore which social protective factors moderate the development of depression over time. We aim to identify social factors that can mitigate the development of depression in community samples and are potentially important for clinical settings.

Key messages

• There is a scarcity of studies that explored the relation between social protective factors in adolescents with elevated depression symptoms or depression diagnosis.

• The role of social protective factors that moderate the development of adolescent depression symptoms over time should be prioritized in the development of intervention programs.
Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation in Young and Middle-aged Adults in Korea: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Kim J E , Park S Y , Song I H
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aims to analyze various factors influencing suicidal ideation among young (19-39 years) and middle-aged (40-64 years) adults using nationwide longitudinal data in South Korea, which has the highest suicide rate among OECD countries for more than 20 years.

Methods

An analysis was conducted using the WAVE II data (2016-2017) from a nationwide longitudinal study on the mental health of suicide survivors (LoSS). The sample included 2,002 participants (1,290 young adults, 712 middle-aged adults) recruited through stratified proportional quota sampling. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing suicidal ideation in each age group.

Results

In young adults, being female, having a high school education or lower, being unmarried/divorced/widowed, and having higher levels of depression were positively associated with suicidal ideation. Higher levels of social support and better subjective physical health were negatively associated with suicidal ideation. In middle-aged adults, being unemployed, living alone, drinking alcohol more than once a week, and having higher levels of depression were positively associated with suicidal ideation, while higher levels of social support were negatively associated with suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

Factors influencing suicidal ideation differ between young and middle-aged adults. Age-specific suicide prevention strategies considering these factors are needed to promote social health and stability in South Korea.

Key messages

• Different factors influence suicidal ideation in young and middle-aged adults in South Korea.

• Age-specific suicide prevention strategies are necessary to effectively address suicidal ideation and promote social health and stability in South Korea.
Engaging co-creators network in a public mental health intervention: MENTBEST
Authors: Qirjako G , Cerga Pashoja A , Dushaj A , Qirjako S
Published: October 2024

Background

MENTBEST, a 5-year EU-funded project, addresses mental health challenges among vulnerable groups using community-based interventions and innovative technologies. It aims to mitigate adverse impacts, focusing on migrants, older individuals, younger individuals, long-term unemployed individuals, and those with mental disorders in Albania, Germany, Spain, Denmark, Greece, Ireland and Estonia. MENTBEST seeks to provide tailored support to vulnerable populations, promoting mental well-being and resilience through two interventions (a) Mentina a mobile app and (b) a complex community intervention based upon the European Against Depression 4-level intervention.

Methods

A Participatory Action Approach has been employed through each research stage of MENTBEST where stakeholders across Europe have become part of the research team and provide input towards designing and evaluating the two interventions mentioned above. The PRODUCES framework was used to establish the Co-creators Network, ensuring inclusivity and relevance through: stakeholder mapping, prioritization, and engagement strategies. An online platform has been established for the network to collaborate as a community of practice, but also as means of upskilling co-creators through MOOCs and brief courses.

Results

The Co-creators Network comprises 24 diverse members strategically distributed among vulnerable groups through all participating Mentbest countries. Engagement activities include workshop participation on taking decisions on a range of research topics such as designing content, evaluation of the interventions, implementation of the interventions etc.

Conclusions

The Co-creators Network represents a milestone for MENTBEST, ensuring a collaborative approach to public mental health intervention. Innovative strategies highlight the project’s commitment to addressing the mental health needs of vulnerable populations.

Key messages

• Collaborative approach in MENTBEST fosters inclusive public mental health interventions.

• Co-creators Network drives innovative strategies to address mental health needs of vulnerable groups.
Involuntary commitment and medical education on mental health diseases across Europe
Authors: Serazzi F , Barbic F , Stranges S
Published: October 2024

Background

Psychiatric diseases are projected to become one of the greatest contributors to the global burden of disease by 2030, already presenting as one of the principal causes of DALYs lost in Europe. Given the particular nature of psychiatric disorders, national legislatures have been enacted by each European country regarding the possibility of involuntary psychiatric treatment. As practical implementations vary greatly from country to country, we wish to analyse how different attitudes to involuntary treatment affect health outcomes, so as to propose a uniform guideline for European medical practitioners. We also wish to analyse whether medical education targeted at communication with psychiatric patients has an effect on involuntary treatment rates and general mental well-being.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review on PubMed to identify studies pertaining to how legislature on involuntary commitment varies between European countries, as well as to what extent it is utilised. We also looked at the extent of medical education on psychiatric diseases.

Results

Preliminary results show that involuntary hospitalisation rates vary greatly within Europe, with certain countries being almost 20 times more likely to utilise such measures than others, notwithstanding similar mental illness prevalence. Results do not seem correlated to legislation types.

Conclusions

Given the vastly different use of involuntary commitment, a more standardised European approach should be implemented, especially in sight of the growing prevalence and burden of disease of psychiatric illnesses. Furthermore, an often-overlooked aspect of medical education is how to understand and communicate effectively with patients dealing with mental diseases: we advocate for continuous education, regardless of medical specialty.

Key messages

• Involuntary hospitalisation rates vary greatly across Europe, but the effects of this phenomenon have been poorly studied. We propose a more unified approach to maximise the efficacy of such a law.

• We advocate for a more thorough education of health professionals on mental illnesses, regardless of medical specialty, in sight of the growing prevalence of such diseases.
Out of hospital cardiac arrest outcomes’ determinants: an Italian retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sgueglia A C , Gentile L , Bertuccio P , Gaeta M , Primi R , Currao A , Barbati C , Marconi G , Savastano S , Odone A
Published: October 2024

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is the most time-critical and time-dependent medical emergency and is associated with low survival rates and poor neurological outcomes at the global level. This study aims at evaluating post-OHCA intra-hospital mortality risk according to patient’s characteristics and emergency health service management (EMS), including level of care of first-admission hospital. We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on data from the Lombardia Cardiac Arrest Registry (Lombardia CARe), the most complete nationwide out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) registry in Italy. Out of 12,581 patients registered from 2015 to 2022, we considered 1,382 OHCA patients admitted alive to hospital and survived more than 24 hours. We estimated risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of post-OHCA intra-hospital mortality through log-binomial regression models adjusted by patients’ and EMS characteristics. The study population consisted mainly of males (66.6%), most aged 60-69 years (24.7%) and 70-79 years (23.7%). Presenting rhythm was non-shockable in 49.9% of patients, EMS intervention time was less than 10 minutes for 30.3% of patients, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed for less than 15 minutes in 29.9%. Moreover, 61.6% of subjects (n = 852) died during hospital admission. Post-OHCA intra-hospital mortality risk is 27% higher for non-shockable presenting rhythm (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19-1.35 vs. shockable rhythm) and 39% higher for longer CPR time (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.28-1.52 for 45 minutes or more vs. <15 minutes, p-value for trend <0.01). Patients who accessed a secondary vs. tertiary care hospital were more frequently older, with a non-shockable presenting rhythm and longer EMS intervention time. Our findings showed that patients’ outcomes are associated with intrinsic OHCA characteristics and Health System’s resources are utilised as efficiently as possible.

Key messages

• Intra-hospital mortality risk was 27% higher among OHCA patients with non-shockable presenting rhythm, net of the hospital level of care.

• Early defibrillation of shockable rhythms is associated with improved survival, so ensure timely access to defibrillators and implement education and training programs to the first CPR is pivotal.
Recovery of Executive Functions in Alcohol Use Disorder: role of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
Authors: Ferreira S , Ribeiro C , Pombo S , Bacelar-Nicolau L
Published: October 2024

Background

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a growing public health concern with high incidence of executive functions (EFs) changes, affecting disease progression and treatment effectiveness. Inconsistencies persist in studies on the role of neuropsychological rehabilitation (NR) in EF recovery within AUD interventions. Our aim is to analyse the effect of NR on EFs in AUD interventions.

Methods

A prospective cohort study included 65 participants of both sexes, diagnosed with AUD, free of psychiatric comorbidities or severe neurological conditions. They underwent alcohol detoxification in hospital/home from 2021 to 2023, completing three evaluation moments (M1-Baseline, M2-3 months, M3-6 months). Patients receiving usual treatment (WTG-weekly therapeutic groups) - were compared to those with additional Neuropsychological Rehabilitation (NRG) regarding Sociodemographic and Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaires, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Number and Letters Subscale of Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Our main outcome was FAB-general executive functioning, and secondary outcome was WAIS-working memory. Friedman test compared assessments across the three points (alpha 5%).

Results

Statistically significant differences were found for FAB in both groups, (p < 0.001) between M1 and both M2 and M3, indicating improved executive functioning, particularly in NRG. Working memory also improved in both groups (WTG: p = 0.036; NRG: p < 0.001), with NRG showing better M2 performance.

Conclusions

There is evidence that neuropsychological rehabilitation facilitates the recovery of executive functions and may play a pivotal role in relapse prevention. It is crucial that the treatment of these situations incorporates public health, preventive and damage minimization measures.

KeyWords: Executive Function; Neuropsychological Rehabilitation; Alcohol Use Disorder.

Key messages

• Recovery of executive functions is crucial from a Public Heath perspective in AUD populations, minimizing morbidity, permanent disabilities and contributing to more effective healthcare services.

• Integrating Neuropsychological Rehabilitation into standard Alcohol Use Disorder treatments can enhance treatment effectiveness, reducing disease burden.
Approaches to Dementia Control in a Community in Japan
Authors: Kamei M , Nishina M , Motohashi C , Ohta A , Koizumi S , Miyazaki T , Uemura M , Takeda M
Published: October 2024

Background

In order to consider future dementia countermeasures in the community, we conducted a survey to understand the characteristics of the elderly living in the community.

Methods

A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in collaboration with Hanno-city, Saitama Prefecture, targeting all persons aged 65 years or older (excluding institutionalized residents) living in Hanno-city (aging rate: 32.0%). The questionnaire items included basic attributes, lifestyle, daily living conditions, and willingness to participate in activities. The survey was sent to 7,133 people, and 3,623 valid responses were received (valid response rate: 50.8%).

Results

Respondents were 1,135 males (51.2%) and 1,080 females (48.8%); 1,979 (54.6%) were aged 65-74 and 1,644 (45.4%) were aged 75 and over. The proportion of single-person households was 12.1%. 56.1% of the respondents had been living in the community for 30 years or more, and the overall membership rate of the residents’ association was high at 91.0%. A total of 691 (19.1%) of the respondents had seen someone suspected of having dementia. 1,178 (32.5%) answered ‘yes,’ 1,452 (40.1%) answered ‘no,’ and 881 (24.3%) answered ‘don’t know. There were 472 (8.1%) dementia supporters.

Conclusions

The membership rate of local residents’ associations was high at 91.0%, indicating that the community maintains relatively close relationships with its residents. Based on the National Dementia plan, further consideration will be given to long-term goals such as human resource development for each region and policies to support these goals. Main messages: In a mountainous district with an aging population similar to that of Japan as a whole, only about one-third of the respondents knew of a contact point for dementia-related issues. Based on the National Dementia Plan, the government will consider dementia policies, including long-term goals and policies to support these goals in the community.

Key messages

• In a mountainous district with an aging population similar to that of Japan as a whole, only about one-third of the respondents knew of a contact point for dementia-related issues.

• Based on the National Dementia Plan, the government will consider dementia policies, including long-term goals and policies to support these goals in the community.
Anxiety, depression, and poor sleep quality in COVID-19 survivors of the first year of the pandemic
Authors: Araujo N , Silva I , Campos P , Correia R , Costa A , Lopes C , Freitas P , Sampaio J , Tedim-Cruz V
Published: October 2024

Background

Psychological outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported primarily among patients with post-COVID-19 condition followed at COVID-specific clinics who may not represent the population of COVID-19 survivors. This study compares the frequency, 2 years after infection, of symptoms of anxiety and depression and poor sleep quality between COVID-19 survivors from the first year of the pandemic and comparison groups matched for sex, age, and level of care.

Methods

Participants are users of the Local Health Unit of Matosinhos (comprising almost all citizens of this municipality) classified according to hospitalization and SARS-CoV-2 infection between March, 2020 and February, 2021 in 4 groups: group#1, hospitalized due to COVID-19 (n = 101); group#2, hospitalized, uninfected (n = 87); group#3, infected, non-hospitalized (n = 252); group#4, uninfected, non-hospitalized (n = 258). They were evaluated between July, 2022 and October, 2023, with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A, anxiety, and HADS-D, depression) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Logistic regression was used to compute OR and 95%CI adjusted for sex, age, education, marital status, employment, smoking, and level of care of the associations between the study group and clinically significant symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A scores>10), depression (HADS-D scores>10) and poor sleep (PSQI scores>5).

Results

No significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for the prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of depression (overall 9.2%) and poor sleep quality (overall 59.8%) between SARS-COV-2 infected participants and comparison groups, but HADS-A scores>10 were more frequent in infected individuals (19.3% vs. 13.6%; OR = 1.92; 95%CI:1.21,3.05).

Conclusions

Healthcare services should pay special attention to COVID-19 survivors from the first year of the pandemic to identify and treat anxiety symptoms. Funding: FCT UIDB/ 04750/2020 LA/P/0064/2020 PTDC/SAU-EPI/6275/2020

Key messages

• COVID-19 survivors from the 1st year of the pandemic present more frequently high levels of anxiety than the general population 2 years after COVID-19.

• Specific care for anxiety symptoms are needed for COVID-19 survivors from the 1st year of the pandemic
Integrated models for concurrent disorders from a Public Mental Health lens: a Systematic Review
Authors: Beccia F , Grassi F , Marziali E , Rossi M F , Amantea C , Patania F , Navari S , Gualano M R , Ricciardi W , Parente P
Published: October 2024

Concurrent disorders (COD), historically defined by the World Health Organization as the simultaneous presence of a psychoactive substance use disorder and another psychiatric disorder within the same individual, pose a significant challenge to public mental health. In today’s global landscape of mental health services, the prevalence of COD is on the rise, underscoring the need for an integrated approach to management. This review aims to provide an overview of existing global models and the evaluation approaches. This systematic review examined research evidence in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science up to 2023 regarding integrated management systems for COD. Following PRISMA guidelines, we included articles describing specific models and evaluating the effectiveness of integrated versus non-integrated approaches. Quality assessment was conducted using the appropriate scales. Out of 7700 screened articles, 18 were included, all of fair or good quality. A diverse array of patient care models, programs, and interventions addressing comorbidities between mental health and substance use disorders emerged. The majority of studies focused on clinical outcomes, particularly alcohol and drug dependence, with global mental health consequences also under examination. Psychodiagnostics and social outcomes were also considered in a significant portion of the research, shedding light on health services utilization patterns. The integrated model for concurrent disorders in psychiatry stands as an effective approach, yet its implementation encounters challenges. This study showcases successful integration examples, providing valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals to enhance existing models or develop new ones, particularly within European healthcare reforms like Italy’s restructuring of primary care, where they could serve as a criterion for the setting and organization of community houses.

Key messages

• COD, involving both substance use and psychiatric disorders, present a significant challenge to public mental health. Rising prevalence underscores the need for integrated management approaches.

• Insights from successful integration examples offer valuable guidance for healthcare professionals and policymakers, particularly within healthcare reforms like Italy’s restructuring of primary care.
The Relationship Between Mental Health Status and Daily Step Count in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Özdemir G , Erol S
Published: October 2024

Aim

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the mental health status and daily step count of adult individuals.

Methods

The research was conducted between November 2023 and April 2024 with a descriptive cross-sectional design. The research population consisted of 386 individuals over the age of 18 who voluntarily filled out public electronic forums on online platforms. Data were collected with the socio-demographic characteristics diagnostic form consisting of 21 questions, the average number of steps in the last week, and the General Health Survey-28 (GHQ-28). Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, normality statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), t test, Kruskal Wallis variance analysis, Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance level was accepted as p < 0.05

Results

GHQ-28 total score average was found to be 5.59 ± 6.52. 42.0% of the participants received a score of 5 or above on the GHQ-28 and were considered at risk for mental health. The individuals’ average weekly step count was mean=5269±3065 steps and 43% were basal-limited active. According to GHQ-28, the average weekly step count of individuals in the mental health risk group (4528.62 ±2892.31) was lower than those who were not at risk (5804.63 ±3081.67) (p < 0.05). According to step count categories, individuals who were basal-limited active (51.2%) and low active (39.4%) were found to be at higher risk for mental health than those who were slightly active (36.0%) and active-highly active (18.4%) (p < 0.05). A weak negative correlation was found between the average number of steps and the scores obtained from the GHQ-28 (r = -.187; p = 0.000).

Conclusions

It was determined that more than half (51.2%) of the individuals (42.0%) in the risk group in terms of mental health were sedentary, that is, basal-limited active (less than 2500-4999 steps).

Key messages

• Increasing awareness about the positive effects of individuals’ daily step counts on mental health can contribute positively to the promotion of health.

• As part of policies aimed at enhancing mental health within society, implementations directed towards increasing daily step counts can contribute positively to the improvement of public health.