bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of water quality on the macroinvertebrate community in a tropical estuary (Buenaventura Bay)
Authors: Duque Guillermo , Gamboa-García Diego E. , Molina Andrés , Cogua Pilar
Published: September 2021

The anthropogenic discharges of inorganic nutrients impact water quality, affecting the macroinvertebrate assemblage and food safety. The main objective of this study was to examine the seawater quality and macroinvertebrate dynamics in muddy habitats of Buenaventura Bay, Colombian Pacific. Macroinvertebrates were captured using artisanal trawl nets during different seasons and along four sampling sites. Multivariate analyses (canonical correspondence analysis and generalized additive model) were used to assess the effects of variations in nitrite, nitrates, phosphate concentrations, and physicochemical variables (salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen [DO], temperature, and total dissolved solids [TDS]) of water on the macroinvertebrate assemblage. Richness was the highest at sites with high salinity and temperature and low concentrations of nitrites and TDS. The densities of the commercial shrimp species Xiphopenaeus riveti and Rimapenaeus byrdi were the highest at sites with higher DO and alkalinity, and lower nitrate concentrations. The swimming crab Callinectes arcuatus was dominant at sites with low water quality. In summary, in the transitional season and at the inner sites of Buenaventura Bay, it was observed the lowest water quality due to high nitrate concentration. High nitrate concentration was highlighted as the main anthropogenic factor that could decrease the capture of target macroinvertebrate species for food and livelihoods of artisanal fishermen and their families. Thus, macroinvertebrate communities may be vulnerable to increased inorganic nutrient inputs, which could affect estuarine water quality and ecosystems services. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:796–812. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

KEY POINTS

Monitoring of the environmental variables of estuaries in Buenaventura Bay, Colombia, revealed a decrease in water quality due to inorganic nutrients levels. Nitrate concentration was highlighted as an important anthropogenic disturbance factor in the set of environmental variables that influence invertebrate artisanal fisheries catches. The decrease of water quality due to high nitrates could cause a diminution in fishing productivity. One of main goals of management could be regulate nitrates levels in the anthropogenic discharges.
Extended near Skolem sequences Part II
Authors: Baker Catharine A. , Linek Vaclav , Shalaby Nabil
Published: September 2021

A ‐extended ‐near Skolem sequence of order , denoted by , is a sequence where and for each integer there are two indices such that and . For a to exist it is necessary that when and when , where . Any triple satisfying these conditions is called admissible. In this article, which is Part II of three articles, we construct sequences for all admissible with .
HSD10 disease in a female: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Upadia Jariya , Walano Nicolette , Noh Grace S. , Liu Jiao , Li Yuwen , Deputy Stephen , Elliott Lindsay T. , Wong Joaquin , Lee Jennifer A. , Caylor Raymond C. , Andersson Hans C.
Published: September 2021

HSD10 disease is a rare X‐linked mitochondrial disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the HSD17B10 gene. The phenotype results from impaired 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10 (17β‐HSD10) protein structure and function. HSD10 is a multifunctional protein involved in enzymatic degradation of isoleucine and branched‐chain fatty acids, the metabolism of sex hormones and neurosteroids, as well as in regulating mitochondrial RNA maturation. HSD10 disease is characterised by progressive neurologic impairment. Disease onset is varied and includes neonatal‐onset, infantile‐onset and late‐onset in males. Females can also be affected. Our index case is a 45‐month‐old female, who initially presented at 11 months of age with global developmental delay. She subsequently began to lose previously acquired cognitive and motor skills starting around 29 months of age. Brain MRI showed abnormalities in the basal ganglia indicative of possible mitochondrial disease. Urine organic acid analysis revealed elevations of 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxybutyric acid and tiglyglycine. HSD17B10 gene sequencing revealed a likely pathogenic variant, NM_001037811.2:c.439C>T (p.Arg147Cys) inherited from her mother, expected to be causative of HSD10 disease. Her X‐chromosome inactivation study is consistent with a skewed X‐inactivation pattern. We report a female patient with HSD10 disease caused by a missense pathogenic variant, Arg147Cys in the HSD17B10 gene. The patient is the fifth severely affected female with this disease. This case adds to the small number of known affected families with this highly variable disease in the literature. These findings support the possibility of X‐inactivation patterns influencing the penetrance of HSD10 disease in females.
Does work passion influence prosocial behaviors at work and home? Examining the underlying work–family mechanisms
Authors: Wan Min (Maggie) , Carlson Dawn S. , Quade Matthew J. , Kacmar K. Michele
Published: September 2021

Integrating job demands‐resources theory (Bakker & Demerouti, 2014, 2017) and crossover theory (Westman, 2001), this study examines the differential effects of two types of work passion, harmonious and obsessive, on both employees' and spouses' prosocial behavior: organizational citizenship and family citizenship behavior. We propose that these relationships are mediated by two contrasting paths through employees' work–family enrichment and conflict, as well as their own and their spouses' work–family balance. By sampling 400 pairs of dual‐earner couples in the United States at two time points, we tested the model using structural equation modeling. Our findings supported that harmonious work passion, working through job demands‐resources theory's motivational path, increased employees' organizational and family citizenship behavior via work–family enrichment and work–family balance; obsessive work passion, working through job demands‐resources theory's impairment path, decreased employees' organizational and family citizenship behavior through work–family conflict and work–family balance. Moreover, the results supported crossover effects such that employees' harmonious and obsessive work passion had similar effects on spouses' organizational and family citizenship behaviors through employees' work–family interface as well as crossover effects of work–family balance between employees and spouses.
Impact of tree plantations on the dynamics of soil aggregates in urban degraded lands in the dry tropics
Authors: Singh Sunil , Singh Mahesh Kumar , Kumar Chandra Mohan , Soni Priyanka , Ghoshal Nandita
Published: September 2021

The impact of land‐use change in an urban ecosystem on soil aggregate dynamics and soil carbon storage was studied through two annual cycles under five land uses. All the land uses namely: (1) natural mixed vegetation (NV) growing in a protected area; (2) grass fallow (GF); and tree plantations of (3) Cassia siamea (CP); (4) Jatropha curcas (JP); and (5) Tectona grandis (TP) were grown on urban degraded waste lands in a dry tropical region of India. Proportions of soil aggregate fractions, their stability, and soil carbon storage were analyzed at upper (00–15 cm), and lower (15–30 cm) soil depths during the rainy, winter, and summer seasons. Across all the land uses and at both the soil depths, the proportion of macroaggregate was highest during summer and lowest during the rainy season, whereas the reverse trend was observed for mesoaggregate. The annual mean proportion of macroaggregate decreased while meso‐ and microaggregates increased, with increasing soil depth across all the land uses. At the upper layer, the trends of macroaggregate, aggregate stability, and soil C storage were NV > CP > JP > TP > GF whereas at lower depth, the trend was NV > TP > CP > JP > GF. Across all the land uses in both the depths, soil C storage was strongly and positively correlated with annual mean fraction of soil macroaggregate. All tree plantations improved soil properties considerably as compared to GF at upper soil layer, yet TP reached near NV in these soil properties at lower depth. Soil aggregate fractions may be used as an index of carbon storage capacity in the urban ecosystems.
Corrosion characteristics of T91 steel in lead–bismuth eutectic with different oxygen concentrations at 500°C
Authors: Tian Shujian , Pang Yongqiang , Jiang Zhizhong , Luo Lin , Xiao Zunqi
Published: September 2021

Corrosion tests of T91 were carried out in the stagnant lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) containing 10−6, 10−7, and 10−8 wt% oxygen at 500°C for up to 2000 h, respectively. The dependence of corrosion characteristics on oxygen concentrations in LBE was obtained. The results show that the oxide‐scale structure changes from a three‐layer magnetite/spinel/internal oxidation zone (IOZ) scale under the oxygen concentration of 10−6 wt%, to the formation of a two‐layer spinel/IOZ scale under the oxygen concentrations of 10−7 and 10−8 wt%. In addition, with the decrease of the oxygen concentration, the Cr/Fe ratio in the Fe–Cr spinel slightly increases in a linear rule while the thicknesses of the oxide layers gradually decrease.
A comparison of methods for corrosion inhibitor assessment: Mild steel protected by disubstituted aromatics
Authors: Roscher Jessica , Liu Dan , Holze Rudolf
Published: September 2021

Both thermodynamic and kinetic corrosion process parameters are determined with electrochemical methods. Results are used for a deeper understanding of the established interfacial structures and ongoing processes and of the effects of experimental parameters. Frequently data are used for the evaluation of corrosion inhibitor efficiencies. In case data from just one electrochemical method are used, the validity of the method and data should be verified and critical points must be identified. In this study, we have compared results from three standard electrochemical methods obtained with a common steel sample in an acidic environment and in the presence of three representative aromatic inhibitors. We have noticed significant differences between the results; therefore we suggest rationalization and practical consequences.
Effects of stannum (Sn) addition on corrosion behavior and biocompatibility in vitro of biodegradable Zn–Sn alloys
Authors: Guo Pushan , Bagheri Robabeh , Yang Lijing , Song Zhenlun , Liu Yaxuan
Published: September 2021

Zinc (Zn) and its alloys, as novel biodegradable metals, hold great potential in bone implant and metallic stents. Stannum (Sn), an essential trace element, plays an important role in maintaining life activities. Herein, Sn is selected as an alloying element to be added into the Zn matrix to explore the possibility of Zn–Sn alloy as a biodegradable metal for clinical application. This article systemically studies the effects of Sn content on microstructural, electrochemical behavior, corrosion rate, and in vitro biocompatibility of Zn–Sn alloys. Results indicate that the Sn‐rich phase is the main form of Sn in the as‐extruded alloys, and the solid solubility is in an extremely minute quantity. The corrosion of Zn–Sn alloys in conventional simulated body fluid (c‐SBF) solution shows apparent electrochemical characteristics, and Sn‐rich phases are corroded preferably. The corrosion rates of Zn–1.0Sn and Zn–2.0Sn are under 0.2 mm year−1, which can satisfy the requirement of biodegradable medical materials. In addition, Zn–1.0Sn exhibits much better cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility than Zn–2.0Sn. Therefore, Zn–Sn alloy shows great potential applications in the biological field and can be further studied and developed.
Revisiting the a‐Si Backplane for the Next Generation of AMOLED Displays
Authors: Hendy Ian , Lemaitre Max
Published: September 2021

A Florida‐based startup has a new approach to AMOLED manufacturing that may soon drive costs down and adoption rates higher in many markets.
Secular and longitudinal trends in body composition: The Tromsø Study, 2001 to 2016
Authors: Lundblad Marie Wasmuth , Johansson Jonas , Jacobsen Bjarne K. , Grimsgaard Sameline , Andersen Lene Frost , Wilsgaard Tom , Hopstock Laila A.
Published: September 2021

Objective

Overweight, defined as excessive fat mass, is a long‐standing worldwide public health challenge. Traditional anthropometric measures used to identify overweight and obesity do not assess body composition. The aim of this study was to examine population trends in general and abdominal fat mass during the past two decades.

Methods

This study included participants from one or more consecutive surveys of the population‐based Tromsø Study, including Tromsø 5 (conducted in 2001, n = 1,662, age 40‐84 years), Tromsø 6 (2007‐2008, n = 901, age 40‐88 years), and Tromsø 7 (2015‐2016, n = 3,670, age 40‐87 years), with total body dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry scans. Trends in total fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were analyzed by generalized estimation equation models in strata of sex and age groups.

Results

Total fat and VAT mass increased during 2001 to 2016, with a larger increase during 2007 to 2016 than from 2001 to 2007 and among the youngest age group (40‐49 years), particularly in women. Women had higher total fat mass than men, whereas men had higher VAT mass than women.

Conclusions

General and abdominal dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry‐derived fat mass increased during the past two decades in this general population. Of particular concern is the more pronounced increase in the past decade and in the younger age groups.
Finite‐time adaptive output synchronization of uncertain nonlinear heterogeneous multi‐agent systems
Authors: Li Zhitao , Mazouchi Majid , Modares Hamidreza , Wang Ximing , Sun Jinsheng
Published: September 2021

This article deals with finite‐time adaptive output synchronization of heterogeneous leader‐follower multi‐agent systems with uncertain dynamics. Two types of uncertainties are considered: 1) uncertainty in the dynamics of follower agents and 2) uncertainty in the leader's trajectory caused by unknown leader dynamics. To this aim, a novel adaptive distributed finite‐time observer is first proposed by which the followers can estimate the leader's state and dynamics in finite time. Moreover, the leader's unknown output matrix is estimated in finite time by another distributed dynamic observer. To cope with uncertainty in its own dynamics, then, each follower agent utilizes a novel filtered‐regressor‐based identifier, decoupled from the leader's state estimator, to learn about its uncertain dynamics without the requirement of measuring the state derivatives. Finally, the presented distributed finite‐time observers are leveraged by an adaptive distributed controller to guarantee finite‐time output synchronization of each follower agent to the leader. To show the efficiency of the proposed approach, a simulation example is provided.
Multifunctional Laser‐Induced Graphene Papers with Combined Defocusing and Grafting Processes for Patternable and Continuously Tunable Wettability from Superlyophilicity to Superlyophobicity
Authors: Wang Yanan , Wang Guantao , He Meihong , Liu Fu , Han Mingguang , Tang Tan , Luo Sida
Published: September 2021

Functional surfaces with tunable and patternable wettability have attracted significant research interests because of remarkable advantages in biomedicine, environmental, and energy storage applications. Based on combined defocusing and grafting strategy for processing laser‐induced graphene papers (LIGPs) with variable surface roughness (58.18–6.08 µm) and F content (0–25.9%), their wettability can be tuned continuously from superlyophilicity (contact angle CA ≈ 0°) to superlyophobicity (CA > 150°), for various liquids with a wide range of surface tensions from 27.5 to 72.8 mN m−1. In addition to reaching multiple wetting characteristics including amphiphilic, amphiphobic, and hydrophobic–oleophilic states, three designable processes are further developed for achieving LIGPs with various wetting patterns, including hydrophilic arrays or channels, hydrophobic‐to‐hydrophilic gradients, and Janus. Activated by the customly designed structures and properties, multifunctional and multi‐scenario applications are successfully attempted, including 2D‐/3D‐ directional cell cultivation, water transportation diode, self‐triggered liquid transfer & collection, etc.
Cryo‐Electron Microscopy for Unveiling the Sensitive Battery Materials
Authors: Ju Zhijin , Yuan Huadong , Sheng Ouwei , Liu Tiefeng , Nai Jianwei , Wang Yao , Liu Yujing , Tao Xinyong
Published: September 2021

Deep chemical and structural investigation of battery components is increasingly imperative for exploring new electrode materials and their performance iterations for the next‐generation of energy storage devices with high energy density. This is particularly true in the research realm of lithium (Li) metal and its derivatives for the robust anode. Conventionally, both Li metal and its solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer are chemically reactive and sensitive to electron‐beam irradiation, making the high‐resolution observation difficult to perform at native environment. Recently, the emergence of cryo‐electron microscopy (EM) has brought great opportunities to reveal the physicochemical properties of these energy materials. By means of cryo‐EM, the high‐resolution imaging of the samples at the nanometer or even atomic scale while maintaining their native state can be realized. Herein, the contributions of cryo‐EM to the characterization of sensitive battery materials are focused on, which are tentatively classified as the following: the visualization of Li dendrites, inactive Li, and the discussion regarding electrode interface chemistry. The review concludes by providing several proposals for the development of cryo‐EM in the future. It is hoped that this work will shed light on the in‐depth understanding of battery materials for high‐performance rechargeable batteries.
Correlation of fetal ventricular size and need for postnatal cerebrospinal fluid diversion surgery in open spina bifida
Authors: Agrawal S. , Al‐Refai A. , Abbasi N. , Kulkarni A. V. , Pruthi V. , Drake J. , Ryan G. , Van Mieghem T.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Open spina bifida is a common cause of hydrocephalus in the postnatal period. In‐utero closure of the fetal spinal defect decreases the need for postnatal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion surgery. Good prenatal predictors of the need for postnatal CSF diversion surgery are currently lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of fetal ventriculomegaly and its progression over the course of pregnancy with the rate of postnatal hydrocephalus requiring intervention.

Methods

In this retrospective study, fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of open spina bifida were assessed longitudinally. Ventricular diameter, as well as other potential predictors of the need for postnatal CSF diversion surgery, were compared between fetuses undergoing prenatal closure and those undergoing postnatal repair.

Results

The diameter of the lateral ventricle increased significantly throughout gestation in both groups, but there was no difference in maximum ventricular diameter at first or last assessment between fetuses undergoing prenatal closure and those undergoing postnatal repair. There was no significant difference in the rate of progression of ventriculomegaly between the two groups, with a mean progression rate of 0.83 ± 0.5 mm/week in the prenatal‐repair group and 0.6 ± 0.6 mm/week in the postnatal‐repair group (P = 0.098). Fetal repair of open spina bifida was associated with a lower rate of postnatal CSF diversion surgery (P < 0.001). In all subjects, regardless of whether they had prenatal or postnatal surgery, the severity of ventriculomegaly at first and last assessments was associated independently with the need for postnatal CSF diversion surgery (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001, respectively), with a greater need for surgery in fetuses with larger ventricular size, even after controlling for gestational age at assessment.

Conclusions

In fetuses with open spina bifida, fetal ventricular size increases regardless of whether spina bifida closure is performed prenatally or postnatally, but the need for CSF diversion surgery is significantly lower in those undergoing prenatal repair. Ventriculomegaly is associated independently with the need for postnatal CSF diversion in fetuses with open spina bifida, irrespective of timing of closure. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Improving Extensive Green Roofs for Endangered Ground-Nesting Birds
Authors: Baumann Nathalie , Catalano Chiara , Pasta Salvatore , Brenneisen Stephan
Published: September 2021

Cities are considered hotspots of biodiversity due to their high number of habitats such as ruderal areas, wastelands and masonry works hosting peculiar biocoenoses. Urban biodiversity represents a challenging and paradigmatic case for contemporary ecology and nature conservation because a clear distinction between nature reserves and anthropogenic lands is becoming obsolete. In this context, extensive green roofs may represent suitable habitat for ground-nesting birds and wild plants, providing suitable conditions occur. In this paper, case studies are used to show how existing extensive green roofs can be improved in order to make them function as replacement habitat for endangered ground-nesting birds. The setup of an uneven topography, combined with hay spreading and seed sowing, significantly enhanced the reproductive performance of the northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), one of the most endangered ground-nesting birds in Switzerland.
Single-isocenter stereotactic non-coplanar arc treatment of 200 patients with brain metastases: multileaf collimator size and setup uncertainties
Authors: Calmels Lucie , Blak Nyrup Biancardo Susan , Sibolt Patrik , Nørring Bekke Susanne , Bjelkengren Ulf , Wilken Eva , Geertsen Poul , Sjöström David , Behrens Claus F.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate our 2 years’ experience with single-isocenter, non-coplanar, volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for brain metastasis (BM) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Methods

A total of 202 patients treated with the VMAT SRS solution were analyzed retrospectively. Plan quality was assessed for 5 mm (120) and 2.5 mm (high-definition, HD) central leaf width multileaf collimators (MLCs). For BMs at varying distances from the plan isocenter, the geometric offset from the ideal position for two image-guided radiotherapy workflows was calculated. In the workflow with ExacTrac (BrainLAB, München, Germany; W‑ET), patient positioning errors were corrected at each couch rotation. In the workflow without ExacTrac (W-noET), only the initial patient setup correction was considered. The dose variation due to rotational errors was simulated for multiple-BM plans with the HD-MLC.

Results

Plan conformity and quality assurance were equivalent for plans delivered with the two MLCs while the HD-MLC plans provided better healthy brain tissue (BmP) sparing. 95% of the BMs had residual intrafractional setup errors ≤ 2 mm for W‑ET and 68% for W‑noET. For small BM (≤1 cc) situated >3 cm from the plan isocenter, the dose received by 95% of the BM decreased in median (interquartile range) by 6.3% (2.8–8.8%) for a 1-degree rotational error.

Conclusion

This study indicates that the HD-MLC is advantageous compared to the 120-MLC for sparing healthy brain tissue. When a 2-mm margin is applied, W‑noET is sufficient to ensure coverage of BM situated ≤ 3 cm of the plan isocenter, while for BM further away, W‑ET is recommended.
Beitrag des BfArM zur Potenzialentfaltung der Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen – digital readiness@BfArM
Authors: Broich Karl , Löbker Wiebke , Lauer Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

Die Digitalisierung stellt auch im Gesundheitsbereich einen eindeutigen Megatrend dar, der neben der Wegbereitung durch geänderte rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen auch durch die Coronapandemie eine enorme Beschleunigung erfahren hat. Mit Blick in die Zukunft wird dieser Trend durch immer kürzere Entwicklungszyklen und technologischen Fortschritt zu einer zunehmenden Verschmelzung einzelner digitaler und nicht digitaler Produkte, darunter Arzneimittel und digitale Medizinprodukte, zu einem digitalen Ökosystem beitragen. Die Digitalisierung wird nicht nur die Patientensouveränität stärken, sondern unter anderem auch eine patientenzentrierte, stärker auf den individuellen Patienten ausgerichtete Medizin ermöglichen; digitale (patientenberichtete) Endpunkte und „dezentrale“ Studienkonzepte werden die Möglichkeiten klinischer Studien erweitern. Künstliche Intelligenz wird Diagnosestellungen verbessern und beschleunigen und zum besseren Verständnis von Krankheitsbildern beitragen.

Um auch zukünftig Innovationen zu ermöglichen, aufkommende Trends im Fokus zu haben und vor allem die Patientensicherheit weiter zu verbessern, trägt das Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) an vielen Stellen dazu bei, die mit der Digitalisierung verbundenen Chancen in Möglichkeiten zu verwandeln – ohne dabei die Risiken aus dem Blick zu verlieren: Dazu gehören der Ausbau des Forschungsdatenzentrums, Aufgaben zu Interoperabilität und Klassifikationen sowie Ansätze zur datengestützten Signalerkennung aus Risikoinformationen. Wie darüber hinaus Forschungsprojekte unter Nutzung von künstlicher Intelligenz, (inter)nationale Kooperationen, die Einbeziehung von Real World Data in Nutzen-Risiko-Bewertungen, die Bewertung digitaler Gesundheits- und Pflegeanwendungen neben weiteren Aktivitäten zur „digital readiness“ in Deutschland und Europa beitragen, dazu im Folgenden ein Überblick.
Dual-frequency ultrasonic cleaning with diluted phosphoric acid solution for removing oxide scale of uncoated steel sheets in hot stamping
Authors: Nakamura Naotaka , Mori Ken-ichiro , Komatsu Tsuyoshi , Hayashi Takafumi , Suzuki Takayuki , Okazaki Tadashi , Abe Yohei
Published: September 2021

Dual-frequency ultrasonic cleaning with a diluted phosphoric acid solution was developed to remove oxide scales on surfaces of hot-stamped parts from uncoated steel sheets, and conventional shot blasting processes are omitted. The removal of the oxide scale by ultrasonic cleaning is accelerated by the phosphoric acid solution and the dual frequency. The removing time for the phosphoric acid solution was shorter than that for a hydrochloric acid solution, and rust appearing for leaving after cleaning was prevented by generating an iron phosphate layer. In dual-frequency ultrasonic cleaning with the diluted phosphoric acid solution, the oxide scale was dissolved, and then the oxide scales were exfoliated from the thin scale and high-pressure portions. The removing time decreased with decreasing pH and oxide scale thickness and with increasing solution temperature. The surface roughness and distortion of an ultrasonic-cleaned hot-stamped part were smaller than those for shot blasting, and the weldability and paintability were similar. The oxide scale of a hot-stamped part having a nonuniform distribution of oxide scale thickness was successfully removed by dual-frequency ultrasonic cleaning with the diluted phosphoric acid solution.
Levels of structural change
Authors: Heinrich Torsten , Yang Jangho , Dai Shuanping
Published: September 2021

We investigate structural change in the PR China during a period of particularly rapid growth 1998-2014. For this, we utilize sectoral data from the World Input-Output Database and firm-level data from the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database. Starting with correlation laws known from the literature (Fabricant’s laws), we investigate which empirical regularities hold at the sectoral level and show that many of these correlations cannot be recovered at the firm level. For a more detailed analysis, we propose a multi-level framework, which is validated empirically. For this, we perform a robust regression, since various input variables at the firm-level as well as the residuals of exploratory OLS regressions are found to be heavy-tailed. We conclude that Fabricant’s laws and other regularities are primarily characteristics of the sectoral level which rely on aspects like infrastructure, technology level, innovation capabilities, and the knowledge base of the relevant labor force. We illustrate our analysis by showing the development of some of the larger sectors in detail and offer some policy implications in the context of development economics, evolutionary economics, and industrial organization.
A short communication to define the overcurrent protection system of the CIGRE European benchmark distribution networks for RES penetration studies
Authors: Maza-Ortega J. M. , Zarco-Soto F. J. , Gkavanoudis S. , Tampakis D. , Demoulias C.
Published: September 2021

The use of clean energies in distribution networks is an unstoppable trend which has a significant positive impact on the progressive power system decarbonization. However, it has to be considered that conventional distribution systems have been designed to operate as passive networks. Therefore, a massive penetration of distributed generation may create several operational problems, such as malfunction of the protection systems, which may limit the deployment of this technology. The analysis of these limitations by means of representative benchmark networks is of utmost importance. Most of the proposed benchmark networks proposed so far, however, lack of information about their protection system. To overcome this shortcoming, this letter specifies the protection system of the benchmark European distribution networks proposed by the CIGRE Task Force C06.04.02 for this purpose. In this way, this letter facilitates the analysis of the possible impact that renewable energy sources may have in the distribution system protections.
Sustained rubber hand illusion after the end of visuotactile stimulation with a similar time course for the reduction of subjective ownership and proprioceptive drift
Authors: Abdulkarim Z. , Hayatou Z. , Ehrsson H. H.
Published: September 2021

The rubber hand illusion is a perceptual illusion in which participants experience an inanimate rubber hand as their own when they observe this model hand being stroked in synchrony with strokes applied to the person’s real hand, which is hidden. Earlier studies have focused on the factors that determine the elicitation of this illusion, the relative contribution of vision, touch and other sensory modalities involved and the best ways to quantify this perceptual phenomenon. Questionnaires serve to assess the subjective feeling of ownership, whereas proprioceptive drift is a measure of the recalibration of hand position sense towards the rubber hand when the illusion is induced. Proprioceptive drift has been widely used and thought of as an objective measure of the illusion, although the relationship between this measure and the subjective illusion is not fully understood. Here, we examined how long the illusion is maintained after the synchronous visuotactile stimulation stops with the specific aim of clarifying the temporal relationship in the reduction of both subjective ownership and proprioceptive drift. Our results show that both the feeling of ownership and proprioceptive drift are sustained for tens of seconds after visuotactile stroking has ceased. Furthermore, our results indicate that the reduction of proprioceptive drift and the feeling of ownership follow similar time courses in their reduction, suggesting that the two phenomena are temporally correlated. Collectively, these findings help us better understand the relationships of multisensory stimulation, subjective ownership, and proprioceptive drift in the rubber hand illusion.
Pleiotropy data resource as a primer for investigating co-morbidities/multi-morbidities and their role in disease
Authors: Muñoz-Fuentes Violeta , Haselimashhadi Hamed , Santos Luis , Westerberg Henrik , Parkinson Helen , Mason Jeremy
Published: September 2021

Most current biomedical and protein research focuses only on a small proportion of genes, which results in a lost opportunity to identify new gene-disease associations and explore new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) focuses on elucidating gene function at scale for poorly characterized and/or under-studied genes. A key component of the IMPC initiative is the implementation of a broad phenotyping pipeline, which is facilitating the discovery of pleiotropy. Characterizing pleiotropy is essential to identify gene-disease associations, and it is of particular importance when elucidating the genetic causes of syndromic disorders. Here we show how the IMPC is effectively uncovering pleiotropy and how the new mouse models and gene function hypotheses generated by the IMPC are increasing our understanding of the mammalian genome, forming the basis of new research and identifying new gene-disease associations.
Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on resident soil and root mycobiomes in beech forests
Authors: Clausing S. , Likulunga L. E. , Janz D. , Feng H. Y. , Schneider D. , Daniel R. , Krüger J. , Lang F. , Polle A.
Published: September 2021

N and P are essential macronutrients for all organisms. How shifts in the availability of N or P affect fungal communities in temperate forests is not well understood. Here, we conducted a factorial P × N fertilization experiment to disentangle the effects of nutrient availability on soil-residing, root-associated, and ectomycorrhizal fungi in beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests differing in P availability. We tested the hypotheses that in P-poor forests, P fertilization leads to enhanced fungal diversity in soil and roots, resulting in enhanced P nutrition of beech, and that N fertilization aggravates P shortages, shifting the fungal communities toward nitrophilic species. In response to fertilizer treatments (1 × 50 kg ha−1 P and 5 × 30 kg ha−1 N within 2 years), the labile P fractions increased in soil and roots, regardless of plant-available P in soil. Root total P decreased in response to N fertilization and root total P increased in response to P addition at the low P site. Ectomycorrhizal species richness was unaffected by fertilizer treatments, but the relative abundances of ectomycorrhizal fungi increased in response to P or N addition. At the taxon level, fungal assemblages were unaffected by fertilizer treatments, but at the order level, different response patterns for saprotrophic fungi among soil and ectomycorrhizal fungi on roots were found. Boletales increased in response to P, and Russulales decreased under N + P addition. Our results suggest that trait conservatism in related species afforded resistance of the resident mycobiome composition to nutritional imbalances.
Diet quality and cardiometabolic health in childhood: the Generation R Study
Authors: Siddiqui Noreen Z. , Nguyen Anh N. , Santos Susana , Voortman Trudy
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Diet is an important determinant of cardiometabolic disease risk in adults. We aimed to study associations of diet quality with cardiometabolic health in school-age children.

Methods

This study was embedded in the Generation R Study a prospective population-based cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands and included 3991 children. Food intake was assessed with a Food-Frequency Questionnaire at age 8 years. A diet quality score (0–10) was calculated reflecting adherence to age-specific dietary guidelines. The following outcome variables were measured at age 10 years and used to create a continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score: body fat percentage, insulin, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Outcomes were expressed in age- and sex-specific standard deviation scores (SDS). Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess associations between the diet quality score and the cardiometabolic risk factor score and with the individual cardiometabolic risk factors.

Results

In models adjusted for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and BMI, a higher diet quality was associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk factor score [− 0.08 per point higher diet score, (95% CI − 0.15, − 0.001)]. This association was mainly driven by associations of higher diet quality with lower systolic [− 0.04 SD (95% CI − 0.06, − 0.01)] and diastolic blood pressure [− 0.05 SD, (95% CI − 0.07, − 0.02)]. No statistically significant associations were found for insulin, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, or body fat percentage as individual factors.

Conclusions

We found an association between higher diet quality and better cardiometabolic health in childhood, mainly driven by a lower blood pressure. Further research is needed to explore associations of diet quality in childhood with long-term cardiometabolic health.
Vision for action: thalamic and cortical inputs to the macaque superior parietal lobule
Authors: Gamberini Michela , Passarelli Lauretta , Filippini Matteo , Fattori Patrizia , Galletti Claudio
Published: September 2021

The dorsal visual stream, the cortical circuit that in the primate brain is mainly dedicated to the visual control of actions, is split into two routes, a lateral and a medial one, both involved in coding different aspects of sensorimotor control of actions. The lateral route, named “lateral grasping network”, is mainly involved in the control of the distal part of prehension, namely grasping and manipulation. The medial route, named “reach-to-grasp network”, is involved in the control of the full deployment of prehension act, from the direction of arm movement to the shaping of the hand according to the object to be grasped. In macaque monkeys, the reach-to-grasp network (the target of this review) includes areas of the superior parietal lobule (SPL) that hosts visual and somatosensory neurons well suited to control goal-directed limb movements toward stationary as well as moving objects. After a brief summary of the neuronal functional properties of these areas, we will analyze their cortical and thalamic inputs thanks to retrograde neuronal tracers separately injected into the SPL areas V6, V6A, PEc, and PE. These areas receive visual and somatosensory information distributed in a caudorostral, visuosomatic trend, and some of them are directly connected with the dorsal premotor cortex. This review is particularly focused on the origin and type of visual information reaching the SPL, and on the functional role this information can play in guiding limb interaction with objects in structured and dynamic environments.
Description of a clinical decision support tool with integrated dose calculator for paediatrics
Authors: Higi Lukas , Käser Karin , Wälti Monika , Grotzer Michael , Vonbach Priska
Published: September 2021

Medication errors, especially dosing errors are a leading cause of preventable harm in paediatric patients. The paediatric patient population is particularly vulnerable to dosing errors due to immaturity of metabolising organs and developmental changes. Moreover, the lack of clinical trial data or suitable drug forms, and the need for weight-based dosing, does not simplify drug dosing in paediatric or neonatal patients. Consequently, paediatric pharmacotherapy often requires unlicensed and off-label use including manipulation of adult dosage forms. In practice, this results in the need to calculate individual dosages which in turn increases the likelihood of dosing errors. In the age of digitalisation, clinical decision support (CDS) tools can support healthcare professionals in their daily work. CDS tools are currently amongst the gold standards in reducing preventable errors. In this publication, we describe the development and core functionalities of the CDS tool PEDeDose, a Class IIa medical device software certified according to the European Medical Device Regulation. The CDS tool provides a drug dosing formulary with an integrated calculator to determine individual dosages for paediatric, neonatal, and preterm patients. Even a technical interface is part of the CDS tool to facilitate integration into primary systems. This enables the support of the paediatrician directly during the prescribing process without changing the user interface.

Conclusion: PEDeDose is a state-of-the-art CDS tool for individualised paediatric drug dosing that includes a certified calculator.

What is Known:• Dosing errors are the most common type of medication errors in paediatric patients.• Clinical decision support tools can reduce medication errors effectively. Integration into the practitioner’s workflow improves usability and user acceptance.

What is New:• A clinical decision support tool with a certified integrated dosing calculator for paediatric drug dosing.• The tool was designed to facilitate integration into clinical information systems to directly support the prescribing process. Any clinical information system available can interoperate with the PEDeDose web service.
Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix acquired from glutathione capped CdSeS/ZnS quantum dots in combination with chemometric tools for pattern-based sensing of neurotransmitters
Authors: Głowacz Klaudia , Drozd Marcin , Ciosek-Skibińska Patrycja
Published: September 2021

The presented work concerns pattern-based sensing with quantum dots for the identification and quantification of neurotransmitters by means of excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy (2D fluorescence). In the framework of this study, glutathione capped CdSeS/ZnS nanocrystals were used as non-specific nanoreceptors capable of differentiated interaction with neurotransmitters. The pattern-based sensing with QDs was realized by using excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy to provide analyte-specific multidimensional optical information. These characteristic fluorescent response patterns were processed by unfolded partial least squares–discriminant analysis, showing that satisfactory identification of all investigated neurotransmitters: dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, GABA, and acetylcholine, can be achieved through the proposed sensing strategy. The impact of the considered fluorescence signal (datum, i.e. zeroth-order data acquired per sample; spectrum, i.e. first-order data acquired per sample; excitation-emission matrix, i.e. second-order data acquired per sample) on the sensing capability of glutathione capped QDs was also verified. The best performance parameters such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity were obtained using excitation-emission matrices (88.9–93.3%, 0.93–0.95, 0.89–0.93, and 0.99–1.00, respectively). Thus, it was revealed that excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy may improve the recognition of neurotransmitters while using only one type of nanoreceptor. Furthermore, is was demonstrated that the proposed excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy assisted QD assay coupled with unfolded partial least squares regression can be successfully utilized for quantitative determination of catecholamine neurotransmitters at the micromolar concentration range with R2 in the range 0.916–0.987. Consequently, the proposed sensing strategy has the potential to significantly simplify the sensing element and to expand the pool of bioanalytes so far detectable with the use of QDs.

Graphical abstract
Hochschulbeschäftigte in der Coronapandemie
Authors: Allgayer Kathrin , Bäßler Carolin , Jutz Regina , Niederberger Marlen
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund

Die Coronapandemie erweist sich 2020/21 für die gesamte deutsche Bevölkerung als multidimensionaler Stressfaktor. Erste Studien deuten an, dass diese Zeit insbesondere für berufstätige Eltern mit Kind(ern) herausfordernd ist. Sie sind Belastungsfaktoren ausgesetzt, aus denen sich psychische, soziale und physische Gefährdungen ergeben können.

Ziel der Arbeit

Untersucht werden die Auswirkungen der Coronapandemie auf die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden von Hochschulbeschäftigten mit Kind(ern) im Kita- und Grundschulalter aus Sachsen (SN) und Baden-Württemberg (BW).

Methodik

Mittels eines standardisierten Online-Fragebogens wurden Hochschulbeschäftigte in SN und BW zu ihrer Lebens- und Arbeitssituation in der Coronapandemie sowie ihrem subjektiven Wohlbefinden und ihrer Gesundheit befragt.

Ergebnisse

Besonders belastend nehmen die Befragten die Veränderung der sozialen Situation, die Verschlechterung der Balance zwischen Berufs- und Privatleben und das Verschwimmen der Grenzen zwischen Arbeits- und privater Zeit wahr. Die befragten Hochschulbeschäftigten in SN zeigen bei verschiedenen Belastungsfaktoren in Bezug auf die Arbeitssituation signifikant schlechtere Bewertungen als die Befragten in BW. In beiden Bundesländern geben jeweils mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten eher kritische Werte für ihr Wohlbefinden an.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Coronapandemie und die damit einhergehenden Schutzmaßnahmen haben negative Auswirkungen auf das Wohlbefinden von Hochschulbeschäftigten mit Kind(ern) im Kita- und Grundschulalter. Inwieweit sich diese Effekte längerfristig zeigen, wenn beispielsweise strukturelle Maßnahmen im Bereich Homeoffice und Online-Lehre in Hochschulen verstetigt werden, ist zu prüfen.
Optimierung der Verpflegung in Kita und Grundschule
Authors: Niederberger Marlen , Nowitzki-Grimm Susanne , Werner Lisa , Schleicher Katja , Lührmann Petra
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund

Im Rahmen von „IN FORM – Deutschlands Initiative für gesunde Ernährung und mehr Bewegung“ will das Projekt „Optimierung der Verpflegung in Kita und Schule“ wirksame Impulse in der Verhaltens- und Verhältnisprävention setzen und die Verknüpfung von Ernährungsbildung und Verpflegung in Kita und Grundschule voranbringen. Im Jahr 2019 gab das Landeszentrum für Ernährung Baden-Württemberg an der Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Ernährung und Ländlicher Raum eine wissenschaftliche Evaluation der Umsetzung des Projekts in Baden-Württemberg in Auftrag.

Ziel der Arbeit

Den Abschluss der methodenintegrativen Evaluation bildete ein Delphi-Verfahren, bei dem konsentierte Handlungsempfehlungen zur Optimierung der Verpflegung in Kita und Grundschule identifiziert wurden. Hierzu wurden Expert*innen um ihre Urteile zur Qualität des Verpflegungsangebots, zur Vernetzung relevanter Akteur*innen, zur formalen Ernährungsbildung und zur strukturellen Verankerung der Verpflegung gebeten.

Methodik

Durchgeführt wurde ein dreistufiges online-basiertes Delphi-Verfahren. In zwei Befragungsrunden wurden die am Projekt beteiligten Praxisakteur*innen und externe Wissenschaftler*innen standardisiert befragt. Im Anschluss wurde ein Online-Workshop durchgeführt, bei dem dissente Urteile der vorherigen Befragungen offen mit den Expert*innen diskutiert und mögliche Hintergründe eruiert wurden.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Die Expert*innen sind sich einig, dass eine gesundheitsförderliche Kita- und Schulverpflegung für das informelle Lernen wichtig ist und mit der formalen Ernährungsbildung verknüpft werden sollte. Für die Umsetzung sehen sie eine zentrale Rolle bei Kita- bzw. Schulleitungen und festen Ansprechpersonen in den jeweiligen Einrichtungen. Einen Handlungsbedarf sehen die Expert*innen in der Sensibilisierung, Beteiligung und Schulung verschiedener Akteur*innen sowie im Ausbau der Unterstützungsangebote für Kita und Grundschule.