bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart technology in planning cities that suffer the effects of displacement in war countries
Authors: Saied Youssef , Rodionovskaya Inna
Published: May 2019

The aim of this paper is to identify the role that smart city technology can play in the development of cities in countries that have been affected by war, for example the Syrian Arab Republic and specifically cities that have been subjected to the multiplication of forced displacement movements, imposes significant burdens on all societies, but provides opportunities for development in adopting a rights-based approach that meets the needs of displaced people and host communities. In addressing the effects of displacement within development plans, access to education, Live and reduce the damage to the environment and build social cohesion, smart city solution can transform these challenges to an opportunity make a technological change aims to improve services in an orderly, influential, and provide applications these cities to achieve an impressive leap and able to analyse a large amount of data, Thus making plans for the future and using these data to make effective changes and transform them into intelligent systems that understand the needs, lifestyles, behaviour and culture of the population. Of course, the shift to smart technology requires the participation of local communities as well as all planning entities in order to achieve the best possible rate of success.
Formation methods of hybrid urban spaces in the historic city center
Authors: Zaykova Elena
Published: May 2019

Russian urban planning practice is experiencing an era of global changes. The appearance of architectural and landscape objects with different types of organization of public spaces in Moscow makes it possible to talk about the transition from standard city planning to objects that have no boundaries between nature, architecture and human environment. Functionally renewed Gorky Park with Crimean Quay and Zaryadye Park represent a new type of public space where nature and technology, education and entertainment, history and modernity are combined and complement each other. New objects have a positive effect on environmental changes using the latest construction technologies, offer citizens a variety of activities and have a powerful scientific resource in working on city aesthetics and ecology. Scientists describe such town-planning objects, as “hybrid spaces”. Hybridization of urban areas encompasses different urban planning levels: from integration of architectural landscape object with border elimination by nature in the historic city center (Zaryadye Park) to formation of the newest linear park with different types of public in the contour of the water area (Gorky Park and Crimean Quay). Due to the high interest of professionals in the new city objects, hybrid spaces deserve to be thoroughly studied, as they influence not only quality of urban environment in the use of landscape architecture tools and technologies, but also issues of managing urbanization and climate change in the near future.
Adapting urban areas for people with limited mobility
Authors: Melnikova Ekaterina , Lepert Mikhail , Popov Aleksey , Sorokoymova Tatyana
Published: May 2019

In article the ways of adaptation of elements of improvement, and also replacement of monolithic and stationary parts of the equipment on flexible, transformed designs were analyzed. The main prerequisites for a qualitative change in the urban environment are the actual needs of the population: unhindered access to the objects of the mass service system (hereinafter MSS), safe movement on transport and pedestrian routes from residential areas to gravity focuses, the possibility of orientation, barrier-free communication and communication with dispatching service organizations in emergency situations through multimedia resources [7]. The main methods of research in the current article are full-scale surveys, interviewing the target audience with a preliminary sample. The article considers a set of solutions for the adaptation of the territory to the needs of PWLM by means of transformable structures [17]. Standardization of structures and equipment will allow to achieve better quality, more ergonomic solutions in the equipment of objects of different categories and purposes, unification of prefabricated elements-their serial production with the state control of products. Such organization of improvement will allow to achieve sustainable development of urban areas for the project period, will create a basis for future generations.
Perspective Trends in the Design of Multifunctional Residential Units (MRUs) in the Russian Arctic: A discussion of potentials and challenges to their implementation
Authors: Dunichkin Ilya , Bleil de Souza Clarice , Bogachev Konstantin , Korobeynikova Anna , Shchekaturova Natalia
Published: May 2019

Intensive development is carried out in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) with complex modernization of transport networks and infrastructure of various types through the design, construction of Multifunctional Residential Unit (MRU) and the reconstruction of existing terminals and stations. The problem of developing new and reconstructing existing infrastructure in the Arctic has not only socio-economic, technological and planning components but fundamentally any development needs to account for extreme climatic conditions which affect urban conception and operation. This paper focuses on discussing important features of MRU developments. It shows examples of two case studies of MRU settlements considering the challenges involved in their design, further expanding the discussion in relation to the inclusion of green spaces in these settlements as well as in relation to safety and protection of pedestrians, moving between different buildings in ‘enclosed’ roads.
Usage of thermal isolation systems for low-rise buildings as a component of information models
Authors: Gudkov Pavel , Kagan Pavel , Pilipenko Anton , Zhukova E Yu , Zinovieva E A , Ushakov N A
Published: May 2019

The article discusses the possibility of using the criteria of energy saving, cost and comfort as an estimate criterion in the analysis of information modeling technologies for low-rise buildings at the stages of design, implementation and operation. The insulation systems of low-rise buildings, including frame type, are considered as an object of study.

Different types of insulation systems of frame buildings are considered and, as a result, the expediency of using rolled polyethylene foam as an insulating material is established. Its use allows to form a seamless insulating sheath with minimization of heat transfer bridges, as well as to eliminate the use of additional wind-proof and vapor-insulating membranes.

The regularities of the influence of operating factors on the thermal resistance of the insulating shell are established. The data obtained as a result of the implementation of experimental studies allow us to state that low water absorption and low vapor permeability of the insulating layer exclude the possibility of its wetting and degradation of heat-shielding parameters. The stability of the properties of the insulation sheath and the construction of the walls as a whole is ensured during the entire period of operation.
Evaluation of bactericidal properties of PVC-compositions for linoleum production
Authors: Gotlib Elena , Sadykova Dilyara , Vdovina Tatyana , Galeeva Leisan , Sokolova Alla
Published: May 2019

The present paper deals with evaluating bactericidal properties of polyvinylchloride compositions for linoleum manufacturing. PVC-floor coatings are widely used in health care facilities, hospitals and outpatient departments due to antistatic properties, non-toxicity, advanced resistance to wear, fastness to water, functionality and improved durability. Strict standards of resistance to bacteria and fungi are applied to this type of coatings due to their exposure to detergents and washing agents. Modifying PVCcomposition by calcium methylsilicate, also known as wollastonite, increases its resistance to Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Cationic surface-active substances are active to both type of microorganisms and could withstand propagation of bacterial medium on polyvinylchloride linoleum surface. They also exhibit the functions of biostatics inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and of bactericides killing microorganisms. Quaternary ammonium compounds represent efficient group of biocides for water-dispersible coating materials and for this reason their investigation for PVC-linoleum is of utmost interest. PVC floor coatings modified by wollastonite are more resistant to aggressive chemical liquids and microorganisms than linoleum with the base composition. The authors proved that PVC-based linoleum with surface-activated filler, wollastonite, had shown enhanced fastness to water and higher resistance to water solutions of antiseptic agents and bacteria.
Combined effect of limestone fine aggregate and pozzolan on properties of high performance fine-grained concrete
Authors: Tang Van Lam , Vu Kim Dien , Ngo Xuan Hung , Tung Lam Nguyen Doan , Bulgakov Boris , Bazhenova Sophia
Published: May 2019

This paper used the absolute volume method combined with the experiment to determine the compositions of high performance fine-grained concrete (HPFC) and presented the effect of limestone fine aggregate (LFA) and pozzolan (PU) on the HPFC properties. Test results showed that by increasing the LFA and PU, the workability of the concrete mixture decreased, the maximum slump loss after 90 minutes of mixing was 37.84%, whereas the mechanical properties of HPFC increased. The fine-grained concrete mixture containing 40% PU and LFA completely replaced material for natural sand, the compressive strength of concrete at 28-day increased about 23.87% in comparison to the control mixture. By using the standard NT Build 356, the destruction time of the four specimens tested was of 45, 63, 60 and 61 days, respectively. This result is due to the presence of PU increased the volume of the C-S-H, as well as the density of concrete structure and enhanced the strength of HPFC, thus increased destruction time of specimens used for the assessment of corrosion damage of reinforced in the concrete. The results of the current study support the use of the waste limestone from the quarries as a fine aggregate of green concrete in the future.
Chemical technology of cellular glass production
Authors: Saakyan Emma , Arzumanyan Artavazd , Galstyan Gagik
Published: May 2019

Cellular glass by its composition, structure and technical parameters is a high-performance multifunctional material, and its use in construction and engineering is extremely important.

The problem of developing cellular glass power consumption technology on the base of natural amorphous aluminosilicates and silica rocks in a single technological process, combining the synthesis of a given glass composition and the formation of its cellular structure is solved by introduction of a nanodispersed modifier into the rock and by the mechanical activation of the charge, creating an impact possibility in the system at the atomic-molecular level.

With the involvement of a complex modern theoretical and experimental methods, the processes of glass wool rock modifyed sintering and expanding were investigated, which served as a base for creating the cellular glass technology in the form of products and granules.

The study of the secondary glass synthesis dynamics during sintering of volcanic glasses with sodium hydroxide solution showed that the hydrated amorphous neoplasms of sodium silicates synthesized at low temperatures and silica aluminosilicates with temperature rise gradually enriched with silica and formed hydrated secondary glasses, the dehydration of which expanded the mass upon reaching the pyroplastic state.

Power consumption technologies of the new type cellular glasses based on the volcanic glass-wool and other amorphous silicate rocks, which allow to combine the processes of synthesis of low-melting glass and its expansion by sintering are challenging for the production and for application in construction and engineering.
Comparison of complete stress-strain curves of concrete using test prisms and test cylinders
Authors: Bezgodov E. , Shvedov V.
Published: May 2019

Without concrete stress-strain curves based on the results of experiments obtained using test prisms and test cylinders it is difficult to evaluate the compliance of the ultimate strain of concrete with the peak load and the descending arm load at the level of 0.85Rb. In this paper, an attempt was made to experimentally verify curves σ-ε. Specimens made as one batch of the same concrete mix were tested using same methods. The test results showed that the difference in ultimate rates of strain is minor, and the analytical description of the curves obtained on prisms and cylinders corresponds to the results of testing not only at the peak load points and descending arm at the level of 0.85Rb, but also at intermediate values.
To preparation of proposals for the target programs of development of housing and communal services
Authors: Khayrullin Rustam
Published: May 2019

The mathematical model of the formation and implementation of strategies for the development of the park of control and measuring equipment used in construction and housing and communal services is considered. As control functions, purchases, repairs and write-offs are selected. The model is based on a linear system of ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. The system describes the dynamics of changes in the number of control and measuring equipment samples with different levels of technical excellence and technical condition. The model mainly uses algorithms based on the properties of stationary solutions of dynamic systems. Three different strategies for the development of a measuring equipment park have been considered. For each strategy, analytical and semi-analytical solutions of the stationary model are obtained. A distinctive feature of the model is its visibility and ease of use. The results of calculations are given.
Structure formation and properties of thermochemically modified silicate-sodium compositions
Authors: Ivaschenko Yuri , Kochergina Maria , Pavlova Irina
Published: May 2019

Modern methods allow to improve the functional properties of silicate-sodium compositions. Increased water resistance primarily will allow their use in construction. The article presents the results of the study of modified silicate-sodium compositions by X-ray phase analysis, differential thermal analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis. An organic zinc-containing compound, zinc acetate dihydrate, which is introduced into the binder in the form of a concentrated aqueous fluid, was used as a modifier. Using X-ray analysis, it was shown that in the hardening system “silicate-sodium binder an aqueous fluid of zinc acetate” in the temperature range 110-450°C various forms of hydroxides, silicates and zinc silicates are formed. In addition, at T = 450°C, only “traces” of ZnO were detected, and the crystalline phase of the hardly soluble zinc metasilicate ZnSiO3 prevailed. The results of the study of modified samples by thermal analysis indicate the processes of thermal decomposition of the modifying additive in the binder system and indicate the possible formation of a new crystalline phase (ZnSiO3) at a temperature of 440-450°C. It was revealed that temperature treatment of modified samples in the range of 440-450°C leads to a more significant increase in water resistance (by 25-28%) than during low-temperature curing (by 20-23%).
Engineering solutions for heart efficient exterior walls in climatic condition of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Bedov Anatoly , Gabitov Azat , Gaysin Askar , Salov Alexander
Published: May 2019

Problems and disadvantages of some technical solutions concerning modern heat efficient exterior walls are considered herein under experience of engineering, construction and operation of residential and civil buildings in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Special attention is paid to defects in engineering and erection of three-layer walls, and functioning principles of all components of the wall are strictly fixed. Recommendation to increase maintenance-free service life by meeting special engineering requirements are given herein. Effect to increase buildings heat insulation is achieved by: reducing heat loss through separate enclosing structures and heat insulating shells of the building thereby enabling to reduce thermal power requirements; improving heat acceptability in rooms by decreasing rate of radiative and convective heat exchange in outer surface of enclosures; reducing environmental pollution due to air emissions reduction. Exterior wall insulation is the important element of the building heat balance. Many researchers in this field currently focus on analysis of series of residential buildings with different number of storeys made by engineering solutions for exterior walls to increase heat homogeneity thereof.

Subject: main engineering solutions for heat efficient exterior walls.

Objectives: three-layer wall constructed of masonry units; exterior three-layer wall within 121u panel series; three-layer wall of “Ventilated façade” system; façade heat insulation with plaster on lath; wall made of load-bearing structural insulating materials.

Materials and methods: calculation of reduced total thermal resistance in exterior walls.

Results: one of the most efficient methods to meet specific heat-shielding performance requirements is to increase heat homogeneity of the exterior wall.

Conclusions: in the short term structural components of three-layer exterior walls are to be upgraded according to construction rules and regulations SNiP 23-02-2003 “Buildings Heat Insulation” thereby enabling the engineering solutions to meet the appropriate norms and rules.
The effect of cracks on the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete slabs
Authors: Agapov Vladimir
Published: May 2019

Cracks occur in reinforced concrete slabs for two reasons - due to increased operational loads and due to manufacturing and installation defects. When cracks are detected, the question arises about the residual bearing capacity of the slab and the need of its strengthening. To solve this problem by calculation, it is necessary to take into account physical nonlinearity. An algorithm for the calculation by the finite element method is proposed. The main feature of the algorithm is the use of multilayered finite elements, which allows modeling the cracks by specifying the corresponding material characteristics of those layers which the crack passes through. A method for determining the bearing capacity of a slab with cracks after its reinforcement with composite fabrics is also considered. An example of the study of the stress-strain state of a reinforced concrete slab with cracks by the proposed method is given. The implementation of the algorithm in the PRINS program is described and the possibility of using this program for solving practical problems is discussed.
Safe technologies for cutting reinforced concrete structures by means of diamond tools
Authors: Shalenny Vasiliy
Published: May 2019

The advantages and the need to improve the safety of work when using modern diamond technologies for cutting concrete and reinforced concrete structures which are common during the dismantling and reconstruction of civil objects are shown. Improved organizational, structural and technological schemes of cutting these structures with diamond disc and wire saws with remote control are reasonably proposed. Preliminary fastening of cut elements on independent spatial scaffolding with screw jacks is a distinctive feature of the proposed schemes. In case of reconstruction by means of a device or an increase of the size of openings in load-bearing reinforced concrete and stone walls, a preliminary installation and commissioning of reinforcement steel frames provided for by the project are proposed, on them – guides of diamond disc, chain or wire saws and only then – cutting of reinforced concrete with its forced canting outside the working area for recycling.
Considering the information technology for structural health monitoring (SHM) systems
Authors: Emelianov Mikhail
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the research is to develop information technology for designing systems for monitoring load-bearing structures elements of buildings and structures of a high responsibility category based on the information about on the construction site and engineering survey results to obtain the automatic mode of results required for the development of these systems. The article describes the procedure for developing structural health monitoring (SHM) projects for the building and structures, based on the specific features of the development control and measuring system for building and structures and the engineering experience of designing these systems. The article presents the algorithms and macros that form the basis of the developed information technology, recommendations for determining the control parameters, the composition of the measuring equipment. The fundamentals of information technology development outlined in the article allow the development of algorithms and programs for the automated analysis of information about the construction and the construction site. The result of the analysis is the data necessary for the development of monitoring systems for buildings and structures of a higher category of responsibility.
Simulation of soil liquefaction due to earthquake loading
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan Armen , Othman Ahmad
Published: May 2019

Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil are reduced as a result of seismic or other dynamic effects. Liquefaction was the main reason of the huge damages caused by many earthquakes around the world. The modeling of soil behavior is the main step in the process of predicting the soil liquefaction. Currently, a large number of soil models are presented. However, only some of them can simulate this process. One of these models which can be used is model UBC3D-PLM. In this paper, the possibilities of this model are considered by modeling the seismic impact on a building with its different heights on the PLAXIS software package. The real data of Upland earthquake 1990 near Los Angeles city was used. Results of the simulation showed the difference in the behavior of the soil mass under the influence of an earthquake compared with the elastic behavior, as well as the need to use the UBC3D-PLM model to estimate the seismic impact.
Minor and major repairs of buildings and structures. The need to modernize the processes of planning and implementation. Requirements of current legislation of Russia
Authors: Alekseev German , Medvedev Evgenij , Bespalova Alexandra
Published: May 2019

Timely implementation of repair activities for buildings and structures, particularly of minor and major repairs underlie the safe operation of real estate and guarantee its long-term and effective use. Current requirements contained in Russian regulatory documents form the basis for the planning of maintenance activities’ performing. The paper focuses on maintenance activities as part of the property management concept. The general ideas of minor and major repairs as integral measures at the stage of operation of buildings and structures are presented in the paper. All the necessary prescriptions for the maintenance of buildings and structures are formulated quite fully and clearly in terms of legislation. The basic principles of approaches to the repair activities’ performing will remain the same for a long time. However, regularization of the procedural processes of operation, taking into account all the mechanisms that are available for today, is a matter of not only preserving and efficiently using capital construction objects, as well as maintaining their safety, but also information content of such technologically complex units, as buildings or structures under conditions of modern urban environment.
The study of wind effects on the bridge constructions
Authors: Poddaeva Olga , Fedosova Anastasia , Gribach Julia
Published: May 2019

Construction of bridge structures occupies one of the leading positions in the construction industry. However, the design of these objects is a complex multi-factor task. Particular attention in the development of bridge structures must be paid to wind loads, since their dynamic loads can cause a number of adverse aeroelastic reactions. Large-scale bridge structures, which are flexible structures, are more susceptible to horizontal influence of the wind. This article presents a description of the study of wind impact on a bridge being built in the city of Moscow, according to a technique that was developed by employees of the UNPL AAISK (NRU MGSU). In this case, a test of the span section of the model on a specialized stand was conducted. The example of this object shows a graph of the dependence of the amplitude of oscillations of the bridge span on the wind speed without the use of fairings and their installation. According to the results of the work conclusions.
Characterization of the geological and geotechnical conditions at the village of Monsanto
Authors: Fernandes Isabel , Bodas Freitas Teresa , Prazeres Ricardo , Neto de Carvalho Carlos , Calvão João
Published: May 2019

The stability of slopes and hillsides involving rock or soil masses depends crucially on the occurring geological and geotechnical conditions. The village of Monsanto, municipality of Idanha-a-Nova, is located on a granitic inselberg. The tourist interest of the village lies largely in the fusion of the granitic rock mass with the man-made constructions and in the aesthetics of several granitic boulders scattered throughout the village. In the present work the geological and geotechnical characterization of the rock mass has been carried out, namely by the field survey of the entire intervention area and by a set of laboratory tests on samples collected in the field (ultrasound propagation velocity and the uniaxial compression test). Based on this information, the shear strength of the discontinuities was estimated and a kinematic analysis was performed using the Dips 7.0 commercial software, with the objective of defining the predominant sets of joints and identifying the most probable failure mechanisms in each hillside.
Flexural performance of RC columns with FRCC jacketing
Authors: Del Zoppo Marta , Menna Costantino , Di Ludovico Marco , Balsamo Alberto
Published: May 2019

A new repair technique consisting on a light jacketing with Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites (FRCC) for existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings has been recently proposed to reduce durability problems of RC members and enhance their capacity. In this work, the effects of FRCC jacketing on the flexural capacity of existing RC columns, with and without a pre-damage, has been evaluated of full-scale specimens under cyclic loading. Digital Imagine Correlation (DIC) was also adopted for understanding the strain distribution in the FRCC jacket. The results shown that the FRCC jacket without a proper anchorage slightly enhanced the flexural capacity of the column. The strengthened column experienced a low damage with respect to control column, but occurrence of premature failures did not allow the achievement of high levels of deformation capacity and ductility.
Wave processes in determining mechanical characteristics of soils
Authors: Sultanov Karim , Loginov Pavel , Ismoilova Sabida , Salikhova Zulfiya
Published: May 2019

Mechanical characteristics of soils under dynamic and static loads are determined in laboratory conditions on special devices. Dynamic loads in the devices are initiated by an impact on a soil sample. Under the impact the waves are initiated in soil; they significantly affect the stress-strain state of soil samples placed in the device. Depending on the parameters of the impact load in the device, in different sections of soil sample there arise the stress-strain states, different in quality and quantity. Mechanical characteristics of soil, determined by this stress-strain state, also differ. The effect of stress-strain state of soil on its mechanical characteristics can be estimated theoretically. The initiation of the wave process and dynamic stress-strain state in soil sample placed in the device can be theoretically examined in detail. In this regard, the wave problem is set, which corresponds to the statement of experiments on the device of dynamic loading of soil. The law of soil strain is taken as an elastic-viscoplastic one. Numerical solution of wave equations is obtained by the finite difference method. Based on the analysis of stress-strain state of soil in various sections, obtained by numerical calculations, the condition is derived under which the effect of wave processes on mechanical characteristics of soils is eliminated. This condition (formula) establishes the relationship between the wavelength, the velocity of wave propagation in soil, the thickness of the soil sample in the device and the duration of dynamic load.
Vibrocreep of concrete
Authors: Larionov Evgeny , Zhdanova Tatiana
Published: May 2019

We study the creed of statically loaded concrete under stationary vibrations. Our considerations are closely connected with nonlinear rheological equation of mechanical state for concrete. The proposed approach for considered problem used so called energy of entirety. Note that this value can be successively utilized also instead of known Reiner’s invariant. In this paper in contrast to the traditional model a material concrete is considered as a union of its links with statistical disturbed strengths. This conception allows to modify Boltzmann’s principle superposition of fractions creep deformations. It is notable that the influence of vibrocreep on bearing capacity of the concrete structure is considerable.
Determination of the road surfaces stress-strain state by using of Global Navigation Satellite System
Authors: Baranchik Vitaly , Dotsenko Anatoly
Published: May 2019

The reduction of the current road repair costs is possible to be ensured by reducing its labour intensity and increasing interrepair periods. To achieve these goals, it is proposed to create a system of the road planned preventive maintenance (RPPM) based on the automated road stress-strain state diagnostics with constant measurement of the surface deformation by using the GLONASS and GPS navigation satellite systems operating in real time mode. The RPPM system will be based on the Global Navigation Network of permanently operating base stations, which allow to continuously monitor the dynamics of changes in the stress-strain state of roads and effectively plan any repair works thereupon. A preliminary economic analysis showed that by using of permanent geonavigation base stations the road repair costs will be annually reduced by 18.57% for the first five years, and then by half in the following two years. In this case, the payback period will be 5.4 years. In order to adapt the existing geo-navigation control systems of road building machines to the Solution of the problem of road repairing it is necessary to make an appropriate experimental and design engineering development. The use of satellite measurements in the diagnosis of road conditions is the basis of the system of preventive maintenance in the road sector and the stage of development of the domestic intelligent transport system.
Determination of the building products reliability parameters at different loads in a two-step mode
Authors: Chiganova Nadezhda
Published: May 2019

The reliability determination of building structures and their components in a two-step mode nowadays is a relevant task. The article studies the problem of determining the building structures and their components reliability performance in a two-step mode based on the results of the tests described. These tests were conducted as follows: the batch of products intended for test are first tested in the first mode, and then in the second mode. A certain moment of time for mode switching is selected randomly by a specified law. The product is then tested in the variable two-stage mode. During testing, moments of time of product operation in the first and second modes are registered. Two experimentation programs that differ in the way of mode switching are proposed: program tests and dynamic tests. Examples of the methodology application to the determination of the product failure rate were discussed. According to the results of theoretical and practical application of the proposed method, the way to determine the reliability parameters using different laws was suggested for application in structural analysis and construction products reliability assessment process.
Ensuring safe operation of buildings and structures
Authors: Gryaznova Elena
Published: May 2019

It is possible to ensure safety of the entire construction process as well as safe operation of buildings and structures in future by timely implementation of geotechnical monitoring. Geotechnical monitoring of buildings and structures is a complex research of “soil base – foundation – above ground structures of a building”. Geotechnical monitoring studies behaviour of buildings and structures during construction and operation and, safety measures to prevent hazardous situations in future are undertaken upon analysis of acquired results. Geotechnical monitoring comprises combination of works, including field observation for structures’ behaviour of a building under construction or renovation, its foundation, including soil body surrounding the structure under construction, and field observation for structures of surrounding buildings. Such monitoring allows us to timely detect and prevent non-reversible processes that occur in “soil base – foundation – above ground structures of a building” system. Considering task in hand to ensure safety and security of buildings and structures, list of geotechnical monitoring works can be divided into following blocks: object monitoring; hydrogeological monitoring; ecological monitoring and computational and analytical block which makes assessment of current geotechnical situation on the construction object and develops relevant recommendation for further continuation of works. This article looks into special aspects of multiyear (2005 – 2019) geotechnical monitoring for deformational behaviour of buildings under operation, open parking spaces No.1 and No.2, located in area of effect from construction of railway connecting Vnukovo-1 airport and Kievskiy train station in Moscow and in the area of effect of new Vnukovo-1 airport construction. Article looks into tasks to ensure regular operation of existing buildings and monitoring of hazardous situations and their origin caused by construction works or poor technical condition of monitored objects. Particular to renovation of Vnukovo-1 airport, that started in 2005 is the fact that during construction it was necessary to ensure operation of a number of maintained buildings. Among them are open parking spaces No.1 and No.2.
Stress redistribution in flat damaged trusses
Authors: Berger Maria , Tusnin Alexander
Published: May 2019

An important problem of modern engineering is to ensure the stability of buildings to a progressive collapse. One of the options for making calculations is to perform a static calculation with the use of the dynamic coefficient. The dynamic factors of damage of the structure depend on the failure time of the element, i.e. time during which the resistance of the damaged element is reduced to zero.To determine the time of exclusion, a series of experimental studies of stretched and compressed steel samples was carried out. The work of elements was studied after they had exhausted their carrying capacity (strength or stability). The results of a numerical study of a truss with damaged elements are presented. It is established that a significant part of the load is redistributed to the intact elements of the truss during deformations of the excluded element are smaller than the experimentally established deformations of the rods.
Mass Stabilization as reinforcement of organic soils
Authors: Nowak Grzegorz , Kanty Piotr
Published: May 2019

The decreasing number of places suitable for constructing buildings forces people to creatively develop newer methods of soil reinforcement. One of these methods is the deep soil mixing. This technology has been firstly developed and applied in Japan in the 1970s. Initially, it was used to create DSM (Deep Soil Mixing) columns. In the subsequent years, it was also developed in Scandinavia. Over time, the deep mixing technology was modified and developed, and in addition to the wet method, also the dry method was started to be used, while in addition to the cement binder, also lime binders and fly ashes were used. Technologies consisting of the deep mixing of cement with soil are very popular due to the wide range of applications and relatively low implementation costs. The method of Mass Stabilization (MS) is a soil reinforcement method that is analogical to DSM and it consists of mixing large volumes of soil with cement. This article describes the method of dry Mass Stabilization of organic soils. It cites the analyzed laboratory tests of soil-cement material manufactured in MS technology. The tests included the creation of 140 material samples, and subsequently the performance of compression strength test on them, along with the registration of stress path. The main aspect of these tests consisted of increase in the primary deformation modulus over time, depending on the amount of applied cement. Also, an example of the project to strengthen the layer of aggregate mud under the floor in the hall is demonstrated. The reinforcement was implemented in the MS technology.
Progressive collapse evaluation in industrial building of existing production
Authors: Pavlov Stanislav , Tusnina Olga
Published: May 2019

The problem of analysis of the resistance to the progressive collapse of the bearing steel framework of industrial building of existing production with a complex structural form with a service life of about 50 years is considered in this article. The main goal was to determine the approaches to such analysis and to identify the degree of survivability of the building. Probable emergency situations associated with the actual condition of steel structures, as well as with new and existing technological processes occurring in the industrial workshop were defined. Under the identified scenarios of emergency situations, the possibility of local damage of steel structures and their individual elements was determined. The extent of the impact of emergency situations on bearing steel structures has been determined. The main provisions for the analysis are presented. As a result, the level of sustainability of the industrial building framework to progressive collapse was defined. As a conclusion, the suggested approaches for performing similar analyses of existing industrial buildings are presented. Also the use of measures to prevent possible damage of structures and accidents, as well as to reduce financial costs during technological renovations without reducing the level of reliability and survivability are justified.
Bending by explosion of a multilayered concrete beam on a visco-elastic basis
Authors: Nemirovskii Yury , Tikhonov Sergey
Published: May 2019

In this work, the problem of bending of a multilayered concrete beam of arbitrary cross-section by explosive loading on a visco-elastic basis is considered. It is assumed that different grades of concrete can be realized in layers in the cross-section. The property of concrete resistance to tension and compression is considered in work. It is assumed that the dynamic loading is caused by consecutive explosion of two charges over the middle of the span of beam. The distribution of bending moments and deflections of the beam at each time is determined. The time of the end of motion and the residual deflection of beam are found.
Study of longitudinal oscillations of a five-storey building on the basis of plate continuum model
Authors: Yarashov Javlon , Usarov Makhamatali , Ayubov Gayratjon
Published: May 2019

Continuum plate model in the form of a cantilever anisotropic plate developed in the framework of the bimoment theory of plates describing seismic oscillations of buildings is proposed in this paper as a dynamic model of a building. Formulas for the reduced moduli of elasticity, shear and density of the plate model of a building are given. Longitudinal oscillations of a building are studied using the continuum plate and box-like models of the building with Finite Element Model. Numerical results are obtained in the form of graphs, followed by their analysis.
Patterns of change of mean wind velocity maximums in Krasnodar Krai from the beginning of anemometric measurements
Authors: Pochinok Vladimir , Tamov Murat , Aksenov Andrey
Published: May 2019

Paper addresses maximum annual values of mean wind velocity in all plain and piedmont regions of Krasnodar Krai, which were used as the basis for establishing wind loads on buildings in local code SNKK “Loads and Actions. Snow Loads and Wind Actions”. Research employs time series of anemometric measurements of wind velocities from the beginning of 1970s to 2012 extended by 13 years as compared to the time series used for developing this code. Inversion criterion was employed for assessing the significance of the linear trend of wind velocity maximums. Assessment made for the data of 29 meteorological stations showed that significant trend of increase of wind velocity with the high level of statistical certainty is present only in two cases. In half of the rest cases trend is descending, in another half trend is statistically insignificant as well as mostly descending. Combined analysis of time series of vane and anemometric mean wind velocity measurements over 1945 – 2012 demonstrated one period of significant increase of wind velocities in 1966 – 1977 and sustained decrease of these velocities in 1979 – 2012. It is shown that the database of 10 minutes mean wind velocities used for development of SNKK in 2000 does not underestimate wind pressure as compared to the values observed up to the present time.
Global asymptotics of filtration in porous media
Authors: Kuzmina Liudmila , Osipov Yuri , Zheglova Yulia
Published: May 2019

Filtration problems are actual for the design of underground structures and foundations, strengthening of loose soil and construction of watertight walls in the porous rock. A liquid grout pumped under pressure penetrates deep into the porous rock. Solid particles of the suspension retained in the pores, strengthen the loose soil and create watertight partitions. The aim of the study is to construct an explicit analytical solution of the filtration problem. A one-dimensional model of deep bed filtration of a monodisperse suspension in a homogeneous porous medium with size-exclusion mechanism of particles retention is considered. Solid particles are freely transferred by the carrier fluid through large pores and get stuck in the throats of small pores. The mathematical model of deep bed filtration includes the mass balance equation for suspended and retained particles and the kinetic equation for the deposit growth. The model describes the movement of concentrations front of suspended and retained particles in an empty porous medium. Behind the concentrations front, solid particles are transported by a carrier fluid, accompanied by the formation of a deposit. The complex model has no explicit exact solution. To construct the asymptotic solution in explicit form, methods of nonlinear asymptotic analysis are used. The new coordinate transformation allows to obtain a parameter that is small at all points of the porous sample at any time. In this paper, a global asymptotic solution of the filtration problem is constructed using a new small parameter. Numerical calculations are performed for a nonlinear filtration coefficient found experimentally. Calculations confirm the closeness of the asymptotics to the solution in the entire filtration domain. For a nonlinear filtration coefficient, the asymptotics is closer to the numerical solution than the exact solution of the problem with a linear coefficient. The analytical solution obtained in the paper can be used to analyze solutions of problems of underground fluid mechanics and fine-tune laboratory experiments.
Stability of counter vortex flows in hydraulic engineering construction
Authors: Akhmetov Vadim
Published: May 2019

In the framework of linear theory, the stability of counter vortex flows with respect to non-axisymmetric perturbations is investigated numerically. The main flow field calculation results have been obtained as the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. The amplification coefficients are calculated, the regions of instability of the flow are defined.
Methods of forecasting calculations of breakthrough wave at hydrodynamic accidents waterstorage dam
Authors: Zhaparkulova Yermekkul , Nabiollina Madina , Amanbayeva Balzhan
Published: May 2019

The article gives the method of calculation of water storages dam at hydro technical accidents.

From natural disasters floods (flooding of water in the area and settlements) by the frequency of occurrence of the phenomenon, the area of distribution and the annual material damage ranked first. Moreover, in recent years, the world has seen an increase in the number and extent of floods and the associated social and economic losses. Both at present and in the foreseeable future, floods as a natural disaster cannot be completely prevented everywhere and everywhere, they can only be weakened, localized and with timely warning to minimize material damage. Therefore, one of the largest floods in recent years, that occurred in the West Kazakhstan region in the spring of 2011 and which took place without casualties, resulted in the allocation of more than 19 billion tenge in damage recovery from damage. Unplanned and inconsistent with general measures during floods and floods, the descent of these reservoirs can exacerbate the effects of flooding. The technical condition of the channel dams is especially dangerous. In case of possible accidents on these dams, many settlements, thousands of enterprises, millions of hectares of agricultural land can get into the affected area.

Based on the results of full-scale leveling surveys, forecasting calculations of the breakthrough of the water reservoir dams of Bartogay, Kapshagay and Kurty hydrounits have made.

Attached graphics show a dependence of water consumption at the dam breakthrough on the distance from the dam gates.
A Justification of Broach-Plow’s Parameters of the Ridge-Stepped Ploughing
Authors: Mirzaev Bakhadir , Mamatov Farmon , Tursunov Obid
Published: May 2019

While processing the soil with traditional plows at the same depth, a plow sole is formed in the subsurface layer, which leads to a deterioration in moisture absorption by the lower subsurface soil layer. As a result, water erosion occurs on the slopes. To overcome these limitations, the authors proposed an improved linear-step plow for soil slopes processing. Analytical expressions were obtained for determination the main parameters and traction resistance of the linearly-stepped broach-plow. It was indicated that the turnover of the layers with the lowest energy costs is provided with the following parameters of the plow of odd hulls: plow length is 75 cm, plow width is 25 cm, stabilizing plate height is 15 cm, and the minimum distance from the ploughshare toe to the stabilizing plate is 25 cm. An installation angle of the plate to the furrow bottom, the length of the plate and the width of the wing holders, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of the soil have a significant impact on the traction resistance of the hedge.