bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IPO Long-Term Performance: Evidence from Indonesia Stock Exchange 2019-2020
Authors: Fuadi Ali Akbar , Pasaribu Pananda
Published: January 2025

Initial Public Offering (IPO) is one of the most anticipated events in in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The number of companies going public has increased significantly in the last few years. However, some newly listed stocks do not perform well after they are listed.  This paper will examine whether information stated in the prospectus documents have a significant influence on the long run IPO stock price between 2019-2020. The information includes financial ratios, intention of proceeds, dividend policy, and underwriter reputation.  This study uses  an event  study approach, in which 106 IPO events, to analyse stock performance three years after the IPO. The dependent variable is buy and hold abnormal return (BHAR). The result shows that DER ratio and intention use of proceeds for debt repayment are significant to influence BHAR with a negative relationship. Moreover, the underwriter reputation and underpricing level are insignificant to affect BHAR. The study concluded that long term performance of newly listed firm is influenced by the leverage level.
 
Keywords: Initial Public Offering (IPO), Stock Performance, Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)
Analysis Solidarity of Jesus According to the Gospel of Mark and Its Relation to Christian Community Solidarity in Toraja
Authors: Darius Darius , Saputra Hardi , Teguh Dimas
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Â This study examines the concept of Jesus' solidarity as a reflection of the remarkable church in Toraja's Christian community's implementation of solidarity towards others. First, this study seeks to define the concept of Jesus' solidarity in Mark's Gospel. Second, describe the relationship between Jesus's solidarity in the Gospel of Mark and the Christian community's solidarity in Toraja. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach in which the researcher describes the occurrences of Jesus' ministry-related solidarity in the Gospel of Mark. The researcher describes the texts in the Gospel of Mark, focusing on Jesus' solidarity theology. Text analysis on the theology of solidarity as a solid foundation for church solidarity must be implemented in church life, particularly for the Toraja Christian community. In addition to the approach or biblical analysis described previously, interviews were employed in this study. This interviewing procedure will be conducted to obtain information from informants regarding the church's solidarity efforts, particularly in Toraja. This comparative method reveals parallels between the solidarity of Jesus in the Gospel of Mark and church's solidarity in Toraja. The solidarity of Jesus is the foundation of church unity, which furthers the dissemination of the Gospel of Christ.Â Keywords: Solidarity, Jesus, Christian community, Toraja, Mark
William James' Concept of Religion: An Empirical Theory and Its Implementation in the Religious Context of Indonesia
Authors: Pandie Remegises Danial Yohanis
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The purpose of writing this article is to analyze the concept of religion from the perspective of William James. This paper refers to James's framework of thinking about the way of religion and its urgency for religions that are adhered to by humans. As explained by James that being a religious person means belief in an invisible order that really exists, so that it produces a real effect in the world. The method used in this research is literature study which refers to references related to the topic raised. In this study, researchers found that the concept of William James can be implemented in Indonesia because it opens the framework of the Indonesian people's thinking about the way of religion through experience, knowledge, moral awareness and acceptance that leads to peace.Â Keywords: priest, single, church, ministry, vocation The Concept of Religion, Empirical Theory, William James.
Do Justice, Love Kindness, and Walk Humbly with God as A Form of True Worship: A Reading of Micah 6:8
Authors: Hendrik Isakh , Mangililo Ira Desiawanti
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Abstract: This paper examines the meaning of true worship according to Micah 6:8. A socio-historical analysis and linguistic criticism of Micah 6:8 highlights the three important elements needed to gain access to God namely â€œto do justice, to love kindness, and to walk humbly with God.â€ Hence, Micah 6:8 functions a warning that our religious ritual life must go hand in hand with our ethical responsibilities. The church as a community needs to be grounded in this theological foundation and embrace the understanding that true worship is not only celebrated through our vertical relationship with God, but also manifested through horizontal relationships with others. We can do this by reaching out to those who are economically, socially, culturally, and politically vulnerable; and live in harmony and peace within the community and with all of creationÂ Keywords: justice, love kindness, ritual, solidarity, worship
Transposition of Ecclesiastical Ministry Paradigm in the Era Society 5.0
Authors: Marbun Tolop Oloan
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Paradigm transposition in church ministry indicates the action of transposing the paradigm toward church ministry, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. To stop the spread of COVID-19, churches must provide online services to serve their congregation better. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, many Christians disagreed with online church ministries. During the COVID-19 pandemic, they started accepting online church ministries and became accustomed to it. This transposition might be continued to Metaverse in Society 5.0. This research aims to show the transposition of the paradigm toward church ministry in Era Society 5.0. The method is qualitative research. The source of data is works of literature, surveys, and interviews. The analytic model is content analysis and descriptive-analytic. Since this is also descriptive research, all the analysis results are displayed descriptively. As a result, respondents experience the transposition of paradigms toward church ministry in Era Society 5.0. Transposition toward the online church, online service, online prayer and counseling, online sacraments, and community. The conclusion is that all respondents experienced all models of transposition.Â Keywords: Church Ministry; Metaverse; Paradigm Transposition; Society 5.0;
Christian Ethical Review of Royalty Collection for the Use of Religious Songs in Online Worship
Authors: Laheba Timothy Rey , Gulo Yabes Darling , Simanjuntak Ferry
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Online worship has rapidly emerged as a prevalent ministry approach in recent years. Many churches opt for broadcasting services via YouTube for virtual worship. However, challenges arise as songwriters request royalties for their songs featured in these online worship broadcasts. This can curtail song selection, consequently impacting service quality for congregants. This study explores the Christian ethical dimensions of royalty collection for religious songs in online worship, utilizing a literature review methodology. Its goal is to offer theological guidance to both songwriters and churches. The research scrutinizes influential academic journals, conducts a comprehensive analysis of biblical principles, and assesses Indonesia's relevant regulations. The primary aim of this study is to establish an ethical Christian perspective for composers and the church when addressing the intricate matter of royalty imposition when using religious songs in online worship. Although labor is a divine command for meeting human needs, Christians perceive work as an avenue to glorify God. Hence, seeking royalties for religious songs used in online worship might not align with this principle. This notion resonates with the non-commercial essence of worship. Moreover, it is imperative for churches to ensure that worship videos disseminated through platforms like YouTube and other social media retain their sanctity by avoiding monetization and commercialization.Â Keywords: online worship, religious song, royalty
Initiating Interreligious Tolerance in A Phygital Neighborhood: Reflecting from The Activism of Young Interfaith Peacemaker Community-Indonesia
Authors: Mila Suryaningsi
Published: January 2025

Abstract: This research explores models of interreligious tolerance within the phygital neighborhood as practiced by the Young Interfaith Peacemaker Community. In collecting research data, I employ qualitative methods through a phenomenology approach by conducting interviews and observation on websites and social medias such as Instagram of the Young Interfaith Peacemaker Community â€“ Indonesia. From this research, I found that YICP campaigned for peace and tolerance through physical and digital neighborhoods. YIPC is enthusiastic about promoting a peace generation through young peacemakers. Interestingly, YIPC has consciously been involved in the theological, spiritual, dialogue of action and dialogue of life as well as conducting a holistic dialogue through the dialogue of head, dialogue of heart, dialogue of hands, and dialogue of holiness. Those models of dialogue can be seen through the activism of YIPC, such as youth peace camps, peace forums, book reviews, scriptural reasoning, visits to places of worship, peace campaigns on social media, and various other peaceful actions. These activities take place on physical and digital platforms. YIPC also created peaceful dialogue, practicing true tolerance by caring interreligious friendship. In the phygital neighborhood, interreligious tolerance should employ the virtues of interreligious dialogue, such as humility, openness, commitment, interconnection or commonality, acceptance, hospitality, mutual understanding, hospitality, and the possibility of mutual growth and change.Â Keywords: Interreligious Dialogue; Interreligious Tolerance; Phygital Neighborhood; YIPC.
MENGKAJI KETEPATAN UCAPAN DALAM KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA PADA SISWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Intan Nuraeni Andi , Hamzah Rahma Ashari , Wajdi Ahmad Farid , Inartiani
Published: January 2025

Speaking skills are one of the main components in effective communication and play a crucial role in everyday life. In the context of education, these skills are not only needed to convey ideas and information, but also to build positive social interactions among students, teachers and the community. Good speaking skills help individuals to express thoughts, share experiences, and influence and convince others. This study aims to examine the accuracy of learners' speech in order to communicate orally well in conveying an idea or opinion. With this research, it is expected that learning speaking skills so that students can practice their speaking skills to be able to communicate with others so that the objectives of this research can be achieved. This research was conducted through qualitative research methods with the type of library research used in the form of books, articles and journals. The results of this study indicate that the development of elementary school students' speaking skills is influenced by several factors ranging from the environment, teacher teaching methods, and opportunities provided to speak such as group discussions, role-playing and teachers also have an important role in directing and providing constructive feedback which shows that teachers can provide positive encouragement and create a supportive environment that can increase students' confidence in speaking.
Keterampilan berbicara adalah salah satu komponen utama dalam komunikasi yang efektif dan memainkan peran krusial dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dalam konteks pendidikan, keterampilan ini tidak hanya diperlukan untuk menyampaikan ide dan informasi, tetapi juga untuk membangun interaksi sosial yang positif di antara siswa, guru, dan masyarakat. Kemampuan berbicara yang baik membantu individu untuk mengekspresikan pemikiran, berbagi pengalaman, serta memengaruhi dan meyakinkan orang lain. Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ketepatan ucapan peserta didik agar dapat berkomunikasi secara lisan dengan baik dalam menyampaikan suatu gagasan atau pendapat. Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara agar peserta didik dapat melatih keterampilan berbicaranya untuk dapat berkomunikasi dengan orang lain agar tujuan penelitian ini dapat tercapai. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian lembaga pustaka (Library Research) yang digunakan berupa buku, artikel dan jurnal. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan keterampilan berbicara siswa sekolah dasar itu dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor mulai dari lingkungan, metode pengajaran guru, dan kesempatan yang di berikan untuk berbicara seperti diskusi kelompok, role-playing dan guru juga memiliki peran penting dalam mengarahkan dan memberikan umpan balik yang konstruktif yang menunjukkan bahwa guru dapat memberikan dorongan positif dan menciptakan lingkungan yang suportif dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan diri siswa dalam berbicara.
EFECTO DEL TAMAÑO DE GRANO Y GENOTIPO SOBRE EL VOLUMEN DE REVENTADO EN AMARANTO
Authors: Ortiz-Torres Enrique , Argumedo-Macías Adrián
Published: January 2025

En México el amaranto se consume principalmente como grano expandido o reventado. Sin embargo, no hay suficiente información para comprender la relación entre las características del grano y el volumen de reventado. Por ello, en amaranto (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L) se determinó la influencia del tamaño de grano sobre el volumen de reventado y su relación con la humedad de grano, el genotipo y el ambiente de producción. Los factores de estudio fueron tres tamaños de grano (1.00, 0.84 y 0.71 mm), dos líneas (LS-29 y LS-30), tres lotes comerciales y dos niveles de humedad del grano (9 y 13 %). La expansión del grano se realizó en julio de 2022 en instalaciones del Campus Puebla del Colegio de Postgraduados. El diseño experimental fue un completamente al azar, tratamientos con arreglo factorial y tres repeticiones. En el análisis estadístico se realizó un análisis de varianza y prueba de medias (Tukey, 0.05 %). Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0.5) en los factores de variación principales y en todas las interacciones dobles. Entre los tamaños de grano de 1.0 y 0.841 mm no hubo diferencias en volumen de reventado (VREV) y ambos superaron al tamaño 0.707 mm. Sin embargo, en la interacción tamaño de grano x genotipo se observó respuesta diferencial entre los genotipos. En LS29 el mejor fue el tamaño 0.84 mm y en el genotipo LS30 el tamaño 1.0 mm, con 193 y 172.7 ml, respectivamente. Se encontró que el VREV es afectado por la interacción del tamaño de grano con el genotipo, el sitio de producción y la humedad de grano.
RB-WILLIAMS: VARIEDAD DE SORGO DE GRANO BLANCO PARA TAMAULIPAS
Authors: Aranda-Lara Ulises , Williams-Alanis Héctor , Elizondo-Barrón Jorge , Arcos-Cavazos Gerardo , Zavala-García Francisco , Moreno-Gallegos Tomas , Valadez-Gutiérrez Juan , Rodríguez-Vázquez María del Carmen , López-Guzmán Jesús A. , Hernández-Martínez Rosendo , Ruiz-Ramírez Santiago
Published: January 2025

El sorgo [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] es uno de los cultivos de mayor importancia en México. En 2022 se sembraron un total de 1.36 millones de hectáreas, con un rendimiento de grano promedio de 3.5 t ha-1, de los cuales se obtuvo una producción total de 4.76 millones de toneladas (SIAP, 2023). El estado de Tamaulipas es el principal productor de sorgo, con una superficie sembrada de 767,920 hectáreas durante el ciclo agrícola otoño–invierno del 2022, superficie sembrada principalmente en temporal (73 %) (SIAP, 2023). Sin embargo, la producción nacional no satisface la demanda interna de este grano, por lo que se requiere incrementar la producción de esta gramínea, mediante la búsqueda de nuevas variedades o híbridos con características deseables en los parámetros agronómicos y de rendimiento (SAGARPA, 2017; Williams-Alanis et al., 2022).
Evaluating Machine Learning Algorithms to Model Time Series of Vegetation Indices in Tallgrass Prairie
Authors: Wagle Pradeep , Danala Gopichandh , Donner Catherine , Xiao Xiangming , Moffet Corey , Gunter Stacey , Jentner Wolfgang , Ebert David
Published: January 2025

Extended Abstract
Analisis kondisi tunak dan simulasi konverter DC-DC buck-boost
Authors: Muhammad Ilman Sofyan , Ariefka Septian Putra Febi
Published: January 2025

Energi baru terbarukan mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat, terutama pada teknologi yang ada pada konverter. Dengan mengalisis operasi kerja dari suatu konverter tersebut, maka kita dapat mengetahui karakteristik dari konverter. Pada penelitian ini penulis melakukan analisis keadaan tunak tegangan keluaran pada konverter DC-DC buck-boost yang mana konverter ini memiliki dua mode kerja saat mengatur besarnya persentase dari duty cycle. Tahap pertama yang dilakukan adalah mencari persamaan ketika sakelar konverter dalam kondisi ON dan OFF kemudian dimodelkan dalam persamaan kirchhoff voltage law (KVL) yang kemudian ketika persamaan tersebut diperoleh, maka tahap selanjutnya adalah mensubtitusikan persamaan KVL ketika sakelar ON dan OFF dalam waktu satu periode kemudian mengintegralkan dan menyederhanakannya. Sebagai bentuk validasi dari penurunan persamaan tersebut maka dilakukan simulasi menggunakan software PSIM. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah ketika tegangan pada induktor dengan waktu switching nol sampai  Ton adalah sebesar  Vs dan ketika waktu switching  Ton sampai  T sebesar -Vo, dan ketika duty cycle dibawah 50% konverter akan sebagai mode buck, ketika duty cycle diatas 50% konverter akan sebagai mode boost.
Knowledge management factors in companies and their association with the performance of a tourist destination
Authors: Hernández-Ponce Oscar Ernesto , De La Mora-Yocupicio Arturo , Ramos-Godínez Claudia
Published: January 2025

The present study aimed to determine whether there is a significant relationship between knowledge management and the performance of the “Bahias de Huatulco” tourist destination in Oaxaca, Mexico. A quantitative, correlational research approach was used, and the hypothesis was tested using inferential statistics through linear regression via SPSS software. The analysis revealed that knowledge management significantly impacts destination performance (p < 0.05), explaining 40% of the variability, thus confirming the research hypothesis.
El mejor de los mundos posibles
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Sánchez Aristeo Ángel Samuel
Published: January 2025

La actual devastación del planeta precisa, hoy más que ayer, tanto de la creación de
estrategias, proyectos, acuerdos; cuanto de individuos, instituciones y gobiernos que, de
consuno con la innovación tecnológica y científica, sean capaces de frenar la inminente
debacle. No obstante, es necesario tener en cuenta, por un lado, los intereses políticos y
económicos que se agitan tras cualesquiera demandas sociales; por el otro, que aún en el
intercambio aparentemente pacífico de opiniones, o su materialización en instrumentos
contractuales, subyace el peligro de caer en infamias supuestamente ya superadas, sobre todo
cuando están de por medio recursos naturales agotables. Por esta razón, el objetivo del
presente artículo es poner de manifiesto, a partir de un proceso hermenéutico, las estrategias
utilizadas por las élites políticas y económicas con miras a la apropiación de los recursos, y
así develar, la plétora de significados ocultos tras el antiquísimo debate sobre la biósfera. Con

lo anterior se espera ver justificada la necesidad de una postura y una epistemología crítico-
dialéctica, puesto que, de otra manera, nuestras exigencias, incluidas las de un saber
Economía circular y sustentabilidad desde la Teoría del Metabolismo Social
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Vargas Belmar David Alejandro , Mercado Salgado Patricia
Published: January 2025

La humanidad enfrenta desafíos ambientales y sociales por el predominante modelo de la
Economía Lineal que olvida la dependencia humana con la naturaleza. Se cimienta en la
sobreexplotación de recursos y generación masiva de residuos, depredando ecosistemas
naturales traduciéndose en afectaciones a la flora, fauna y clima. La propuesta actualmente
más aceptada como alternativa es la Economía Circular. El concepto de circularidad en el
contexto ambiental no es nuevo, data del siglo XVII. Pero hasta la segunda mitad del siglo
XX fue retomado a causa de la concientización ambiental ante la degradación perceptible del
entorno natural y sus afectaciones directas al ser humano. Este periodo fomentó la
construcción de enfoques en atención a la problemática ambiental, buscando alternativas que
logren transitar hacia un modelo restaurador. El propósito de esta reflexión teórica es avanzar
en el entendimiento de la economía circular como arquetipo del Desarrollo Sustentable
empleando la visión de la Teoría del Metabolismo Social que analiza la reciprocidad de
materias y energías entre los procesos naturales y sociales dentro de los límites planetarios.
A modo de conclusión se puede decir que la economía circular descuida la relevancia
metabólica existente entre las entidades sociales y naturales por el reduccionismo
antropocentrista del beneficio económico.
LANGUAGE CENTRE STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF AFFECTIVE CRITICAL THINKING STRATEGIES FOR EMPLOYMENT
Authors: Zainal Shah Norshima , Yunaidi Rahman Putra , Bhar Sareen Kaur , Ab Aziz Nur Syafiqah
Published: January 2025

In today's fast-paced world, especially in professional contexts and for students at the Language Centre, the ability to think critically is extremely important. Despite being recognised as crucial, there is a lack of understanding about how students perceive using affective critical thinking strategies in their future workplaces. This study aims to explore their opinions on how effective past educational methods have been in developing these skills, which is essential for potential changes to the curriculum. The research involved surveying 73 Language Centre students from the National Defence University of Malaysia using a convenience sampling method. The collected data were analysed using various techniques such as descriptive, reliability, inferential, and thematic analyses, employing the SPSS software version 25.0. Descriptive analysis was used to understand respondents' backgrounds, skills, and the relevance of these skills to their jobs. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, and the inferential study employed the Pearson Product Moment correlation to explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The findings indicated a link between how students perceive their skills and their importance in their careers. In summary, understanding students' attitudes towards affective critical thinking strategies is crucial for improving educational methods within the Language Centre and beyond. Adapting teaching approaches to meet students' needs could help develop a workforce adept at critical thinking, communication, and problem-solving, which are indispensable in today's rapidly changing professional environment.
THE TRANSMISSION OF THE CHOLERA OUTBREAK TO THE SOCIETY OF PERAK IN THE BRITISH COLONIAL ERA 1874-1957
Authors: Raja Ibrahim Raja Nur Ayuni , Ariffin Khairi
Published: January 2025

This study is related to the outbreak of infectious diseases that has implications for society involving social, economic and political effects. Cholera is one of the diseases that have been detected spreading in the Lower Perak area. The rapid development caused by the diversity of economic activities led to the influx of immigrants which became one of the main factors of disease outbreaks. Therefore, this study was completely conducted using qualitative methods involving the analysis of documents and manuscripts related to cholera outbreaks using primary documents such as Perak Annual Report, Straits Settlement Report, Medical Federated Malay States Report files obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia. Critical observation and analysis of records or documents used is very important to obtain accurate data. Research findings show that cholera disease was first detected in the 1800s in the Lower Perak district following an epidemic brought by one of the foreign immigrants who became a labor force for the needs of the employment sector. An outbreak of cholera or cholera is one of the congenital diseases caused by personal and environmental hygiene that is not given much attention by the community. The need for the advancement of medical services to deal with infectious disease outbreaks and vaccinations began to be seen as relevant in order to limit the influx of immigrants all at once to the settlement of Hilir Perak. Overall, the results of the study show that the outbreak of cholera causes various implications for the community involving the employment sector, the expansion of economic resources in Hilir Perak but also stimulates the advancement of modern medical services in Hilir Perak.
THE IMPACT OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ON CHINESE LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Authors: Chu Fan , W. Mohamad Daud Wan Samiati Andriana , Michael Valerie Anak , Huajin Zhang
Published: January 2025

Chinese landscape painting, as a gem in Chinese art, is deeply influenced by the natural environment. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis through historical literature, classical artworks, and expert interviews to explore the profound impact of the natural environment on Chinese landscape painting. The research reveals that artists, across different historical periods, express reverence for nature and a sense of integration with it in their works. This influence is not only evident in the artworks but, through an in-depth exploration of artists' experiences, also provides valuable insights for the development of contemporary landscape painting. Through a thorough and detailed study, this paper broadens the understanding of Chinese landscape painting, offering a new perspective for the in-depth exploration of the field of art.
EXPLORING CHALLENGES AND SUPPORT IN SOCIAL SERVICE DELIVERY: A PRELIMINARY FINDING OF SELECTED VOLUNTARY WELFARE ORGANISATIONS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ijon Ruzaini , Azman Azlinda , Singh Paramjit Singh Jamir
Published: January 2025

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are recognised for their contribution to society. This paper aims to provide policymakers, leaders, and social work managers with an initial overview for developing appropriate policies and a better understanding of the sustainability of welfare-related organisations, especially in the Malaysian context. NGOs monitor and address public concerns. They work with the government and private sector. NGOs provide communities with knowledge and services, monitor the government and private sector, and empower communities to participate in decision-making. They play a vital role in achieving sustainable development goals, such as eradicating poverty and improving health. This study examines the challenges encountered by NGOs in Penang, Malaysia, focusing on Voluntary Welfare Organisations (VWOs) or specialised NGOs. It also explores the societal support needed by these organisations in delivering better social services to the community. This study adopted a qualitative approach. A series of in-depth interviews were conducted with four representatives of four VWOs to better understand the challenges in delivering social services to the community. Next, we analysed the data by categorising it into identified themes. Challenges identified related to funding, organisation performance, shortage of personnel, lack of volunteers and standard compliance. The study identifies various sources of societal support for VWOs, including the government, private sector, volunteers, other NGOs, individual donors, and the surrounding community.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GENDER IN POLITICAL LEADERSHIP
Authors: Awang Besar Junaidi , Zakaria Siti Marziah , Shaari Azahah Abu Hassan , Alias Norhayati , Rajaratnam Surendran
Published: January 2025

Good and effective political leadership is important to create a strong and credible political organization or institution. This is because good management depends on solid political leadership, trusted and trusted. The issue of gender in leadership became a hot discussion among politicians and society. However, both men and women as leaders have their own strengths and at the world level it is proven that national leadership is led by both sexes. Therefore, it is the purpose of writing this article to analyze gender character traits in political leadership. The data of this study was produced through 399 respondents from questionnaires, 5 interview informants and observations in the field in selected states in Malaysia by region, namely in Selangor for the Western region, Kedah for the Northern region and Kelantan for the Eastern region. The results of the study found that for male leadership, the majority of respondents stated that bravery was the most dominant characteristic of the gender while for female leadership, the majority of respondents stated that helpfulness was dominant for them. As for the criteria a leader must have, fair criteria is the most important for a leader. As for the general statement about women's politics, the majority of respondents agreed that women's participation in politics can be further increased if there is support from all parties. Thus, men and women complement each other in ensuring that political leadership is in a good, stable and excellent condition from time to time.
THE LEVEL OF CONFIDENCE OF YOUTHS IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S IMPLEMENTATION UNDER ALLIANCE OF HOPE
Authors: Mohd Basori Nur Ellyanis , Awang Besar Junaidi
Published: January 2025

The 14th General Election (GE-14) has successfully recorded its own history when the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition party has successfully captured the country and been appointed as the Federal Government. This means that the leadership of the Barisan Nasional (BN) Government, which has held the reins of government for 61 years, was successfully defeated in the historic GE-14. However, the government from PH has been shaken by the occurrence of the 'Sheraton Step' after GE-14 and the spread of the COVID-19 virus which has an impact on the country. Because of that, the issues that arose after GE-14 to some extent irritated them in the face of the country's political instability. Therefore, the confidence of youth voters in PH shows that they expect the party to be able to make good changes to the country, especially from the socio-economic aspect and at the same time be able to overcome the issues that have arisen and the old issues that still cannot be resolved. The results found that youth voters' confidence in the PH party is also high because they have lost faith in BN, but some are still divided on whether to choose this party in the future.
REINFORCEMENT LEARNING: METHODS AND RECENT APPLICATIONS
Authors: Md Zuki Muhammad Aiman , Mohamad Ali Nazlena , Chaw Jun Kit
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive analysis highlights the potential of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to transform intelligent decision-making systems by examining its techniques and applications in a variety of disciplines. The study offers a thorough examination of the advantages and disadvantages of several reinforcement learning (RL) approaches, such as Q-Learning, Deep Q-Networks (DQN), Policy Gradient Methods, and Model-Based RL. The paper explores RL applications in several domains, including robotics, autonomous systems, and healthcare, showcasing its adaptability in handling intricate decision-making assignments. RL has demonstrated promise in the field of healthcare for managing clinical resources, identifying chronic diseases, and improving patient therapy. Robotics uses reinforcement learning (RL) to create autonomous navigation and adaptive motor skills. The study highlights the advantages of reinforcement learning (RL) in managing high-dimensional state spaces, delayed rewards, and model-free learning, but they also point out certain drawbacks, including sample inefficiency and the exploration-exploitation trade-off. The paper highlights the flexibility and potential effect of reinforcement learning (RL) across industries, providing practitioners and academics looking to exploit RL in intelligent systems with insightful information. The future of adaptive decision-making in real-world scenarios may be shaped by RL's integration with other AI approaches, such as deep learning and transfer learning, which could further broaden its applicability to increasingly complicated domains as it continues to advance.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER ASSISTED FMEA ANALYSIS TOOL FOR THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY
Authors: Goh Vi Lynn , Hishamuddin Hawa , Md Saad Mohamad Hanif , Ab Wahab Dzuraidah , Jamadon Nashrah Hani , Jauhari Wakhid Ahmad
Published: January 2025

The use of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) has become widespread in various industries to address quality and reliability issues that may occur in a system or process. However, the risk assessment process using traditional FMEA is very time-consuming because it requires the evaluator to assess the risk for each identified potential failure mode one by one, based on the extracted historical data. Without proper consideration of the system or process being evaluated, the evaluator may make incorrect judgments, causing the FMEA results to be inaccurate and unreliable. In this study, an interactive FMEA tool that uses a standard risk factor input as the main reference was developed using Excel software and Tableau software. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at the initial stage of the study to obtain basic information about the existing FMEA approach in the semiconductor industry. With this information, a standard reference for risk factor input was established for the FMEA tool. The developed tool was then tested in the real semiconductor industry to validate its effectiveness and practicality. The results show that the developed interactive FMEA tool holds significant potential for industrial usage in terms of streamlining the FMEA analysis process, providing a comprehensive visualization of the identified potential failure modes, and improving information sharing within the organization. With the presence of this interactive FMEA tool, users can not only produce more accurate and reliable FMEA results based on built-in risk factor input standards, users can also view the generated FMEA results online through the Tableau dashboard.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MACHINE LEARNING-BASED WASTE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM USING VGG-16 CNN FOR ENHANCED BIODEGRADABLE AND NON-BIODEGRADABLE SEGREGATION
Authors: Zamani Muhammad Khairul Nazman , Mohd Zukhi Mohd Zhafri , Mat Din Mazura , Dawam Siti Rafidah M , Mansor Shaifizat , Muhammad Mohd Hilal
Published: January 2025

Waste management struggles with the segregation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste due to improper disposal, leading to contamination and reduced recyclable material quality. This study addresses these challenges by developing a machine learning-based waste classification system. Utilizing image classification techniques, specifically the VGG-16 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, the system categorizes waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable using a dataset from an open-source website. The methodology includes eight phases: preliminary study, knowledge and data acquisition, data pre-processing, model design, development, testing, and evaluation. A prototype using Maker Uno and a servo motor physically demonstrates waste classification. Despite challenges like limited high-quality components, this study aims to enhance recycling efficiency and sustainability by using VGG-16 with different epochs and shows the prototype's effective functionality, offering a promising solution for improving waste segregation and management.
PREVALENCE OF INTERNET ADDICTION AND ITS DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Abdul Hamid Md Zahir , Ahmad Nor Shafrin , Che Aman Rahimi
Published: January 2025

This study examines the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) and its demographic determinants among adolescents in Kedah, Malaysia, aiming to inform targeted interventions and policies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 376 students aged 16-17 from urban and rural districts. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) was used to assess IA levels, and chi-square tests analyzed relationships between IA and demographic factors, including gender, race, family income, weekly Internet usage, smartphone ownership, and home Wi-Fi access. The study found that 26.86% of participants met the criteria for IA, with 14.10% at risk. Significant associations were observed between IA and gender (χ² = 8.437, p = .015), race (χ² = 29.951, p < .001), family income (χ² = 16.484, p = .002), weekly Internet usage (χ² = 21.496, p < .001), smartphone ownership (χ² = 8.597, p = .014), and home Wi-Fi access (χ² = 9.250, p = .010). Female students showed higher addiction rates (28.80%) compared to males (23.31%). Students from lower-income families (<RM1500.00) exhibited higher addiction rates (31.43%) than those from higher-income backgrounds. Interestingly, home Wi-Fi access was associated with lower addiction rates (20.40%) compared to those without (34.29%). No significant differences were found between urban and rural locations or age groups. The findings highlight the complex interplay of socio-economic, cultural, and technological factors influencing adolescents' online behaviors and underscore the need for interventions tailored to address gender, racial, and economic disparities. This study recommends community-based awareness programs, improved digital literacy, and support for vulnerable groups. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and incorporate objective measures to better understand the development of IA over time.
Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Enterokolitis Nekrotikan pada Neonatus
Authors: Palinggi Eoudia S. , Manoppo Jeanette I. Ch. , Rompis Johnny L.
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Necrotizing enterocolitis is inflammation of babies' digestive tract and the main cause of morbidity and mortality of premature neonates in the NICU. The exact etiology of necrotizing enterocolitis is not known so far. This study aimed to determine prematurity, formula feeding, sepsis, anemia, congenital heart disease and preeclampsia/eclampsia in mothers as risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and other risk factors that influence the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis. This was a quantitative and analytical study with a cross sectional design. Sampling techniques were total sampling of necrotizing enterocolitis cases (38 patients) and executive sampling for control cases (38 patients) admitted to Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado using data of medical records. The results of the distribution table analysis and chi-square test showed that the risk factors analyzed that had p<0.05, namely prematurity (p<0.001), and sepsis (p<0.001). Other variables did not have significant relationships with the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (p>0.05), as follows: formula milk consumption (p>0.387), anemia (p>0.234), congenital heart disease (p>0.556), and mothers with preeclampsia/ eclampsia (p>0.556). In conclusion, prematurity and sepsis are risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado.
Keywords: risk factors; necrotizing enterocolitis; neonates
 
Abstrak: Enterokolitis nekrotikan (EKN) merupakan peradangan pada usus saluran cerna bayi yang menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatus prematur di NICU. Tingkat kematian EKN makin tinggi pada bayi yang lebih kecil. Sampai saat ini etiologi yang jelas mengenai EKN belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prematur, pemberian susu formula, sepsis, anemia, penyakit jantung bawaan, dan preeklamsi/eklamsi pada ibu sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya EKN pada neonatus, dan mengetahui faktor risiko lain yang memengaruhi kejadian EKN. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Teknik sampling penelitian ialah total sampling pada kasus EKN 38 pasien  dan executive sampling pada kontrol EKN 38 pasien yang dirawat di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado melalui sumber data rekam medis. Hasil analisis tabel distribusi dan uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang dianalisis mempunyai p<0,05 ialah faktor prematur (p<0,001), dan sepsis (p<0,001). Variabel lainnya tidak hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian EKN dengan nilai p>0,05 sebagai berikut:  pemberian susu formula (p>0,387), anemia (p>0,234), penyakit jantung bawaan (p>0,556), dan preeklamsi/eklamsi pada ibu (p>0,556). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah prematur dan sepsis merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya enterokolitis nekrotikan pada neonatus di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado.
Kata kunci: faktor risiko; enterokolitis nekrotikan; neonatus
Karakteristik Pasien dengan Epistaksis di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado
Authors: Manalu Ralf P. , Mona Moudi M. , Najoan Rizki R.
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Blood vessels of nasal cavity are susceptible to trauma, causing epistaxis or nosebleeds. Although often self-limiting, epistaxis is considered as an emergency by the otorhinolaryngology field, with the risk of increased costs and morbidity in elderly patients. Local factors such as nasal trauma and systemic factors such as hypertension can cause epistaxis. This study aimed to obtain the characteristics of patients with epistaxis at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This waas a retrospective and descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. The results showed that epistaxis was most common in adults (64.1%) and male patients (55.1%). Most cases of epistaxis occurred idiopathically (47.4%) due to anterior bleeding (97.4%). Anterior tampon was the most frequently performed treatment (64.1%). In conclusion, epistaxis often occurs in males and adult ages. Most cases of epistaxis occur idiopathically. Bleeding occurs more often from the anterior blood vessels (97.4%) which causes most treatment to be carried out by inserting an anterior tampon. Therefore, further examination is necessary to determine the cause of the bleeding.
Keywords: epistaxis; idiopathic cause; anterior bleeding; nasal packing
 
Abstrak: Rongga hidung memiliki pembuluh darah yang rentan terhadap trauma yang dapat menyebabkan epistaksis. Meskipun sering sembuh sendiri, epistaksis dianggap kegawatdaruratan oleh bidang THT-KL, dengan risiko biaya dan morbiditas meningkat pada pasien lanjut usia. Faktor lokal seperti trauma hidung dan faktor sistemik seperti hipertensi dapat menyebabkan epistaksis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien dengan epistaksis di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan epistaksis paling banyak dialami oleh usia dewasa (64,1%), lebih banyak terjadi pada laki-laki (55,1%). Kebanyakan kasus epistaksis pada penelitian ini terjadi secara idiopatik (47,4%) dengan perdarahan pembuluh darah anterior (97,4%). Pemasangan tampon anterior merupakan penanganan yang paling sering dilakukan (64,1%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah epistaksis sering terjadi pada laki-laki, usia dewasa, secara idiopatik, dan terjadi di pembuluh darah anterior dengan penanganan pemasangan tampon anterior. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut untuk memastikan penyebab perdarahan.
Kata kunci: epistaksis; idiopatik; perdarahan anterior; tampon
Exploring Vocabulary Development and Student Preferences: A Comparative Study of Digital and Print Extensive Reading in an EFL Context
Authors: Yaseen Maha , Al-Sayyed Sa’ida , Ibnian Salem
Published: January 2025

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة شبه التجريبية إلى استقصاء تأثير القراءة الموسعة الرقمية والمطبوعة على نمو المفردات لدى طلاب اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية، والكشف عن اتجاهات الطلاب نحو القراءة الرقمية.
المنهجية: لتحقيق ذلك، تم جمع البيانات باستخدام اختبار مفردات قبلي وبعدي ومقياس اتجاهات (استبيان). شارك في الدراسة 74 طالبًا متخصصًا في اللغة الإنجليزية، تم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين: المجموعة "أ" (المجموعة التجريبية) والمجموعة "ب" (مجموعة التحكم). خضعت المجموعة "أ" للقراءة الموسعة الرقمية لمدة 8 أسابيع، بينما خضعت المجموعة "ب" للقراءة الموسعة الورقية.
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن طريقة القراءة الموسعة الرقمية أثرت إيجابيًا على نمو المفردات لدى طلاب اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية لأسباب متنوعة. يتمثل الفائدة الأساسية لهذه الطريقة في قدرة المتعلمين على الوصول إلى المواد من أي مكان وبوتيرتهم الخاصة. كما أظهرت النتائج أن طلاب الجامعات أبدوا اتجاهات إيجابية نحو القراءة الرقمية.
الأبعاد: تشير الدراسة إلى أن الطلاب الذين شاركوا في القراءة الموسعة الرقمية باستخدام الأجهزة المختلفة شعروا بانخفاض الملل والتوتر. كما أن الميزات التفاعلية مثل المحتوى المتحرك والموسيقى حسّنت تجربة القراءة. وقدّر طلاب اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية فعالية برامج القراءة الموسعة عبر الإنترنت، واعتبروا القراءة الرقمية أكثر فائدة من القراءة المطبوعة.
الاستنتاجات: خلصت الدراسة إلى أن القراءة الموسعة الرقمية عززت بشكل كبير نمو المفردات لدى طلاب اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية، وأظهرت اتجاهًا إيجابيًا نحو القراءة الرقمية. تؤكد النتائج أهمية تضمين مواد القراءة الرقمية في مقررات القراءة.
ANALYSIS OF BATS MARKETING CHANELS
Authors: Sampow Stevandi
Published: January 2025

Bats are the mammals with the most species after rodents (Rodentia). This study aims to know the marketing channels of bats in Olibu Village, Paguyaman Pantai District, Boalemo Regency. This study uses a survey method using a questionnaire. Data analysis uses data reduction techniques, data display, and conclusions drawing. The bat catching process is influenced by several things, including; 1) use of lifting equipment (mist net), 2) number of catches and frequency of catches, 3) number of catchers, 4) bat containers/quarantine, 5) bat sorting, 6) bat marketing. Marketing channel I is a marketing channel that does not use intermediary traders, where catchers directly receive payment for bats directly from consumers. Marketing channel II, the percentage of price received by the catcher is 75%. This is due to the difference in price at the catcher and consumer levels. The price at the catcher level is IDR 15,000 and the price at the consumer level is IDR 20,000, so the catcher's share on this marketing channel is 75%. Marketing channel III, the percentage of price received by the catcher is 62.5%. This is due to the difference in price at the catcher and consumer levels. The price at the catcher level is IDR 15,000 and the price at the consumer level is IDR 24,000, so the catcher's share on this marketing channel is 62.5%. The most efficient marketing channel is marketing channel I compared to channels II and III