bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanopore-based sensors for DNA sequencing: a review
Authors: Wei Jiangtao , Hong Hao , Wang Xing , Lei Xin , Ye Minjie , Liu Zewen
Published: August 2024

Nanopore sensors, owing to their distinctive structural properties, can be used to detect biomolecular translocation events. Images reproduced with permission; see full details in paper.
Recent advances on applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes as cutting-edge optical nanosensors for biosensing technologies
Authors: Dewey Hannah M. , Lamb Ashley , Budhathoki-Uprety Januka
Published: August 2024

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess outstanding photophysical properties which has garnered interest towards utilizing these materials for biosensing and imaging applications.
Progress in nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors for hormone detection
Authors: Rossi Francesco , Trakoolwilaiwan Thithawat , Gigli Valeria , Tortolini Cristina , Lenzi Andrea , Isidori Andrea Maria , Thanh Nguyen Thi Kim , Antiochia Riccarda
Published: August 2024

A critical comparison between different types of nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors for the detection of various hormones.
First demonstration of 2T0C-FeDRAM: a-ITZO FET and double gate a-ITZO/a-IGZO FeFET with a record-long multibit retention time of >4-bit and >2000 s
Authors: Noh Tae Hyeon , Chen Simin , Kim Hyo-Bae , Jin Taewon , Park Seoung Min , An Seong Ui , Sun Xinkai , Kim Jaekyun , Han Jae-Hoon , Ahn Ji-Hoon , Ahn Dae-Hwan , Kim Younghyun
Published: August 2024

We successfully demonstrated a 2T0C-FeDRAM with a record-long multibit retention time exceeding 2000 seconds and 4-bit (19 states) capability, attributed to a VSN of 0 V leveraging the non-volatile properties of ferroelectrics.
α-Graphyne with ultra-low diffusion barriers as a promising sodium-ion battery anode and a computational scheme for accurate estimation of theoretical specific capacity
Authors: Dandigunta Babuji , V G Abhijitha , Yamijala Sharma S. R. K. C. , Nanda B. R. K.
Published: August 2024

We propose α-graphyne, with a low diffusion barrier and excellent thermodynamical stability, as a promising anode host for Na-ion batteries. We developed a new computational scheme to accurately calculate theoretical specific capacity (TSC).
Fluorescent probes for formaldehyde based on formaldehyde-promoted C–N cleavage of azanyl carbamates
Authors: Xing Wanjin , Li Yang , Que Yulin , Xu Huan , Wang Wei , Lou Kaiyan
Published: August 2024

C–N cleavage of 3-nitrophenylazanyl N-arylcarbamate promoted by formaldehyde-induced intramolecularity was utilized for formaldehyde detection in the NAP-FAP2 series of fluorescent probes.
I2-catalyzed tandem sp3C–H oxidation and annulation of aryl methyl ketones with amidoximes for the synthesis of 5-aroyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles
Authors: Punna Shiva Kumar , Arockiaraj Mariyaraj , Rajeshkumar Venkatachalam
Published: August 2024

A metal-free, iodine-catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of biologically significant 5-aroyl 1,2,4-oxadiazole scaffolds has been developed using aryl methyl ketones and amidoximes.
Synthesis of biobased and versatile monomers from itaconic acid and homocysteine thiolactone and their applications in step-growth and radical polymerization approaches
Authors: Niang Fato , Brunou-Bouard Adèle , Cruz Gérard , Pantoustier Nadège , Coumes Fanny , Illy Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Sustainable monomers were designed from itaconic acid and thiolactone. These monomers enabled the preparation of multi-functional polymers according to different pathways.
High-performance D–π–A–π–D type electrochromic polymers based on nitro-substituted triphenylamine derivatives with thiophene and EDOT as π bridges
Authors: Chao Pengjie , Liao Yuqing , Su Qicheng , Mo Daize , Li Lanqing
Published: August 2024

PETTPA exhibited a reversible and stable color change from dark brown to dark blue with a favorable optical contrast of 41% at 1100 nm and a high coloration efficiency of 332.6 cm2 C−1 with an extremely fast response time of 0.3 seconds.
Dibenzothieno and dibenzothieno[2,3-d]thieno [a]-fused BODIPYs: synthesis, unique structure and photophysical properties
Authors: He Limin , Li Lu , Zhao Muyao , Zhao Yunxia , Li Yanqing , Li Xiangguang , Yang Yanhua , Gao Shulin , Lei Ping , Wang Zhaohui , Jiang Wei
Published: August 2024

A simple synthetic approach to aromatic heterocyclic [a]-fused BODIPYs, which exhibit “butterfly-shaped” crystal structures, high ΦF, and tunable HOMO levels.
Efficient antimicrobial applications of two novel supramolecular metallogels derived from a l(+)-tartaric acid low molecular weight gelator
Authors: Dhibaris Subhendu , Pal Suchetana , Some Sangita , Karmakar Kripasindhu , Saha Ratnakar , Bhattacharjee Subham , Roy Arpita , Ray Soumya Jyoti , Ajiboye Timothy O. , Dam Somasri , Saha Bidyut
Published: August 2024

Supramolecular Cd(ii) and Hg(ii)-metallogels, based on the low molecular weight gelator l(+)-tartaric acid, exhibit potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Adsorption of oral antibacterial agents on zirconia surfaces with different crystal systems
Authors: Itotagawa Mihiro , Kono Hiroshi , Higashinakao Tadahiro , Sugiura Yuki , Otsuka Yuta , Kikuchi Masafumi , Nishitani Yoshihiro
Published: August 2024

Zirconia ceramics are widely used as dental prosthetics. In this study, we evaluated the adsorption ability of quaternary amines used as antibacterial substances in toothpaste onto zirconia surfaces with tetragonal and monoclinic crystal structures.
Advancements in removing common antibiotics from wastewater using nano zero valent iron
Authors: Wei Shuxian , He Chuan , Zhang Lanyue , Li Canhua , Li Jiamao , DU Gang
Published: August 2024

The article summarizes the modification effects of different loads on nZVI, as well as the preparation methods for nZVI particles and their effects and mechanisms in commonly used antibiotic contaminated environments.
Advances in the preparation and biological applications of core@shell nanocrystals based on quantum dots and noble metal
Authors: Wang Xi , Wang Peng , Li Meng , Li Jian
Published: August 2024

The present review focuses on the properties, preparation, and biological applications of core@shell nanocrystals based on quantum dots and noble metal.
PILOT: equivariant diffusion for pocket-conditioned de novo ligand generation with multi-objective guidance via importance sampling
Authors: Cremer Julian , Le Tuan , Noé Frank , Clevert Djork-Arné , Schütt Kristof T.
Published: August 2024

Creating ligands that fit specific protein pockets and possess desired chemical properties is a key challenge in SBDD. Guided 3D diffusion models present a promising solution, offering precise ligand generation with tailored properties.
Expanding limits of artificial enzymes: unprecedented catalysis by an oxidase nanozyme in activating a structural protein for covalent crosslinking and conferring remarkable proteolytic resistance
Authors: Fatrekar Adarsh P. , Morajkar Rasmi V. , Vernekar Amit A.
Published: August 2024

New properties of nanozymes are vital for their advancement. We reveal an oxidase nanozyme's unique role in activating tyrosyl residues for collagen crosslinking with tannic acid, imparting 100% collagenase resistance to crosslinked collagen tendons.
Organic super-reducing photocatalysts generate solvated electrons via two consecutive photon induced processes
Authors: Villa Marco , Fermi Andrea , Calogero Francesco , Wu Xia , Gualandi Andrea , Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Troisi Alessandro , Ventura Barbara , Ceroni Paola
Published: August 2024

The strong photoreducing abilities of the investigated TADF chromophores is the result of the photogeneration of solvated electrons in a consecutive two-photon induced mechanism (ConPies).
A genetically encoded probe for monitoring and detection of iron in real-time
Authors: Soleja Neha , Mohsin Mohd.
Published: August 2024

Design of the genetically encoded iron nanosensor.
Chirality effects in molecular chainmail
Authors: Klotz Alexander R. , Anderson Caleb J. , Dimitriyev Michael S.
Published: August 2024

The chirality of links in molecular chainmail dictates the overall Gaussian curvature of the networks.
MOF-based porous liquids towards a highly stressed and chemically resistant fire-safety polyurea elastomer
Authors: Song Kunpeng , Zhang Keshan , Bi Xue , Hou Boyou , Pan Ye-Tang , Li Xingyao , He Jiyu , Yang Rongjie
Published: August 2024

Functionalized porous liquids were designed to enhance the fire safety, mechanical properties, and chemical resistance of a polyurea elastomer. This work provides insights into porous liquids to improve the comprehensive performance of composites.
A planar rigid steric group-modified spiropyran derivative with photochromism and mechanochromism for optical printing applications
Authors: Fang Bing , Fan Mingyu , Gao Han , Wang Yu , Gao Dahai , Yu Jianxiang , Yin Meizhen , Dai Yuhua
Published: August 2024

Planar rigid carbazole and naphthalene-based spiropyran derivatives with efficient photochromism for optical printing materials.
Tunable electronic structures of Janus In2Ge2X3Y3 (X, Y = S, Se and Te) monolayers under external fields
Authors: Hu Xuemin , Yang Jialin , Wang Wei , Zhang Xingjian , Meng Yufei , Ye Yuanfeng , Ding Kaining , Zhang Fengjun , Zhang Shengli
Published: August 2024

Varying X/Y elements can rationally tune the electronic properties of Janus In2Ge2X3Y3 (X, Y = S, Se and Te) monolayers. Applying external strains and electric fields upon them can vary the Mulliken charge distributions and electronic band gaps.
Enhanced high-strength, temperature-resistant PVA hydrogel sensors with silica/xanthan/glycerol for posture monitoring and handwriting recognition using deep learning
Authors: Luo Fanchen , Qin Yafei , Wang Xi , Zhao Xuanmo , Chen Kedi , Huang Weichen
Published: August 2024

This work introduces a PVA/xanthan/silica/LiCl/glycerol-based conductive ionic hydrogel for broad-temperature applications, including human movement monitoring and deep-learning-enhanced handwriting interaction.
Recent advances in flexible iontronic pressure sensors: materials, microstructure designs, applications, and opportunities
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Yiqun , Tu Shiwen , Cui Xihua , Chen Jianwen , Zhu Yutian
Published: August 2024

This review provides recent advances in flexible iontronic pressure sensors including strategies to enhance sensing performances and their applications and discusses future directions for implementing these advancements in practical applications.
BAHGRF3: Human gait recognition in the indoor environment using deep learning features fusion assisted framework and posterior probability moth flame optimisation
Authors: Khan Muhammad Abrar Ahmad , Khan Muhammad Attique , Rehman Ateeq Ur , Alzahrani Ahmed Ibrahim , Alalwan Nasser , Gupta Deepak , Rahin Saima Ahmed , Zhang Yudong
Published: August 2024

Biometric characteristics are playing a vital role in security for the last few years. Human gait classification in video sequences is an important biometrics attribute and is used for security purposes. A new framework for human gait classification in video sequences using deep learning (DL) fusion assisted and posterior probability‐based moth flames optimization (MFO) is proposed. In the first step, the video frames are resized and fine‐tuned by two pre‐trained lightweight DL models, EfficientNetB0 and MobileNetV2. Both models are selected based on the top‐5 accuracy and less number of parameters. Later, both models are trained through deep transfer learning and extracted deep features fused using a voting scheme. In the last step, the authors develop a posterior probability‐based MFO feature selection algorithm to select the best features. The selected features are classified using several supervised learning methods. The CASIA‐B publicly available dataset has been employed for the experimental process. On this dataset, the authors selected six angles such as 0°, 18°, 90°, 108°, 162°, and 180° and obtained an average accuracy of 96.9%, 95.7%, 86.8%, 90.0%, 95.1%, and 99.7%. Results demonstrate comparable improvement in accuracy and significantly minimize the computational time with recent state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
A multi‐objective interval optimization approach to expansion planning of active distribution system with distributed internet data centers and renewable energy resources
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Liang Chen , Wang Han , Zhang Jiayi , Zeng Bo , Liu Wenxia
Published: August 2024

With the development of the digital economy, the power demand for data centers (DCs) is rising rapidly, which presents a challenge to the economic and low‐carbon operation of the future distribution system. To this end, this paper fully considers the multiple flexibility of DC and its impact on the active distribution network, and establishes a collaborative planning model of DC and active distribution network. Differing from most existing studies that apply robust optimization or stochastic optimization for uncertainty characterization, this study employs a novel interval optimization approach to capture the inherent uncertainties within the system (including the renewable energy source (RES) generation, electricity price, electrical loads, emissions factor and workloads). Subsequently, the planning model is reformulated as the interval multi‐objective optimization problem (IMOP) to minimize economic cost and carbon emission. On this basis, instead of using a conventional deterministic‐conversion approach, an interval multi‐objective optimization evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (IMOEA/D) is proposed to solve the proposed IMOP, which is able to fully preserve the uncertainty inherent in interval‐typed information and allow to obtain an interval‐formed Pareto front for risk‐averse decision‐making. Finally, an IEEE 33‐node active distribution network is utilized for simulation and analysis to confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach.
A survey on deep learning based reenactment methods for deepfake applications
Authors: Dhanyalakshmi Ramamurthy , Popirlan Claudiu‐Ionut , Hemanth Duraisamy Jude
Published: August 2024

Among the sectors that deep learning has transformed, deepfake, a novel method of manipulating multimedia, deserves particular attention. The long‐term objective of many researchers is to seamlessly mimic human facial movement or whole‐body activity, referred to as reenactment. Deepfake progress has made this goal much more feasible in recent years. Yet, achieving more realistic facial and body reenactment remains a challenging task. The primary focus of this study is to explore the current capability of the reenactment techniques and expand them further to attain greater results. The analysis offers a thorough overview of the various techniques involved, the challenges addressed, the datasets utilized, and the metrics employed by the underlying methods of reenactment technologies. The study also addresses the potential risks and their mitigating strategies to ensure responsible reenactment techniques. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first survey paper that delves deeper into the topic of deepfake reenactment.
Majorisation‐minimisation algorithm for optimal state discrimination in quantum communications
Authors: Kundu Neel Kanth , Babu Prabhu , Stoica Petre
Published: August 2024

Designing optimal measurement operators for quantum state discrimination (QSD) is an important problem in quantum communications and cryptography applications. Prior works have demonstrated that optimal quantum measurement operators can be obtained by solving a convex semidefinite program (SDP). However, solving the SDP can represent a high computational burden for many real‐time quantum communication systems. To address this issue, a majorisation‐minimisation (MM)‐based algorithm, called Quantum Majorisation‐Minimisation (QMM) is proposed for solving the QSD problem. In QMM, the authors reparametrise the original objective, then tightly upper‐bound it at any given iterate, and obtain the next iterate as a closed‐form solution to the upper‐bound minimisation problem. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed QMM algorithm significantly outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art SDP algorithm in terms of speed, while maintaining comparable performance for solving QSD problems in quantum communication applications.
A multi‐power quality problems management strategy based on VSCs and switches in AC/DC hybrid LVDN with large PVs
Authors: Fu Yu , Yang Weichen , Li Yue , Bai Hao , Cai Yongxiang , Li Wei
Published: August 2024

A large scale of distributed photovoltaics is accessed through a low voltage distribution network in a single‐phase or two‐phase, which causes three‐phase unbalance and over‐voltage problems. These problems can be solved by using a voltage source converter to realize AC/DC interconnection and flexible power transfer between lines. How to utilize the characteristics of voltage source converters to optimize the power qualities, and fully promote distributed PV systems consumption in low voltage distribution network is an important research point. This paper proposes a power regulation model of VSC. The goal of this model is to adjust and optimize over‐voltage and three‐phase unbalance problems. By constructing a voltage‐power sensitivity calculation model for a three‐phase four‐wire system and integrating different control modes and adjustment capabilities of voltage source converters, a control strategy based on voltage source converters is proposed to address three‐phase unbalance and over‐voltage issues. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Low‐carbon scheduling model of multi‐virtual power plants based on cooperative game considering failure risks
Authors: Wu Chen , Wei Zhinong , Cao Yang , Xu Yiteng , Wei Tiantian , Han Haiteng , Chen Sheng , Zang Haixiang
Published: August 2024

The increasing amount of distributed renewable energy (DRE) is participating in grid‐connected operation as an important unit of the virtual power plant (VPP) aggregation. VPP also contains a variety of flexible resources such as demand response (DR), energy storage (ES), and fuel cell (FC). How to achieve efficient energy utilization while reducing carbon emissions and resisting the risk of failure caused by extreme weather has attracted widespread attention. In this article, a cooperative game‐based low‐carbon scheduling model for multi‐VPPs under the consideration of typhoon‐induced grid outage risks is proposed. First, a cooperative game mechanism for multi‐VPPs is constructed. And a bi‐level model of multi‐VPPs low‐carbon scheduling is built under the framework of electricity‐carbon trading markets. Second, the bi‐level scheduling model is linearized based on the Strong Duality Theorem and Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker (KKT) condition. Then, the dispatch scheme of each VPP under the cooperative game form is obtained. Finally, simulations are performed to verify the validity of the proposed model. The results show that the economic and low‐carbon performance of multi‐VPPs can be improved by applying the cooperative game, which can also enhance the power system ability of resisting line faults.
Symmetrical components‐based robust stabilizing control of a grid‐connected inverter under unbalanced voltage sag
Authors: Choeung Chivon , Danayiyen Yahya , Srang Sarot , Lee Young‐Il
Published: August 2024

This study presents an approach for robust current and power control for a three‐phase grid‐connected inverter set up with an L‐filter that operates under an unbalanced AC grid‐voltage source. This control method consists of two paralleled current control for the positive and negative sequences to accomplish one of three selective control targets: a) supplying balanced three‐phase current; b) supplying non‐oscillated real power; and c) supplying non‐oscillated imaginary power to the AC grid for a given reference value utilizing the identical control gains. The real and imaginary power references, together with the measured grid voltages, are used in the computation of the reference current for each control target. In addition, the proposed dual‐current control system has a control law that comprises state feedback to offer stability and an integral effect to get rid of the offset error in the dq‐frame. To reduce settling time under uncertain system conditions, an optimization problem based on linear matrix inequalities is solved to determine a set of robust stabilizing gains. Simulation and experimental results using a TMS320F28377D digital signal processor validate the proposed control performance under three control targets.
Tick-borne Apicomplexa in wildlife and ticks of French Guiana
Authors: Koual Rachid , de Thoisy Benoit , Baudrimont Xavier , Garnier Stéphane , Delsuc Frédéric , Duron Olivier
Published: August 2024

Tick-borne Apicomplexa encompass a group of parasites responsible for significant medical and veterinary diseases, including babesiosis, theileriosis, and hepatozoonosis. In this study, we investigated the presence and diversity of tick-borne Apicomplexa in wildlife and ticks inhabiting the Amazon rainforests of French Guiana. To this end, we conducted molecular screening and typing using 18S rRNA sequences on a collection of 1161 specimens belonging to 71 species, including 44 species of wild mammals, five species of passerines, and 22 species of ticks. We characterized eight genovariants of Babesia, Theileria, Hemolivia, and Hepatozoon parasites, some matching known species, while others suggested potential novel species. These parasites were detected in wild mammals, including opossums, sloths, armadillos, porcupines, margays, greater grisons, and ticks, but not in passerines. Finally, similarities with surveys conducted in Brazil highlight the specific sylvatic transmission cycles of South American tick-borne Apicomplexa.
Supplements in Rare Bone Diseases
Authors: Hadzimuratovic Benjamin , Lechner Lisa , Resch Heinrich
Published: August 2024

Despite having different aetiologies, different rare bone diseases (RBDs) such as
hypophosphatasia (HPP), autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR),
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) share common
clinical features such as growth disturbances, pathological fractures,
pseudo-fractures and chronic musculoskeletal pain. The role of micronutrients
including minerals, trace elements and vitamin D in the physiological bone
metabolism are well established. A significant share of RBD patients suffer from
nutritional deficiencies due to the underlying disease or do not achieve the
recommended daily intake (RDI) for micronutrients. The supplementation of
micronutrients in RBDs should have the goal of achieving the RDI and promoting
bone metabolism without increasing the burden of disease. Specific diets and an
increased intake of specific micronutrients could potentially improve some of
the disease symptoms, however special caution should be taken to avoid
over-supplementation and to avoid adverse effects such as hypercalciuria,
ectopic calcifications, GI-upset and nephrocalcinosis in case of calcium
over-supplementation.
Symmetrical vortices and laminar dust flow induced by an intense electron beam interacting with a strongly coupled dusty plasma
Authors: Ticoş D. , Scurtu A. , Mitu M. L. , Udrea N. , Oane M. , Williams J. , Ticoş C. M.
Published: August 2024

A strongly coupled quasi-two-dimensional dusty plasma confined electrostatically in the plasma sheath of a radio frequency (RF) plasma is irradiated by a collimated and mono-energetic pulsed electron beam (e-beam) with an energy of 13 keV and a high peak current per pulse of 30 mA. A stream of rapidly moving charged dust particles is created inside the dust crystal due to the drag force of the electrons in the e-beam. The dust flow is split into two symmetrical branches when it reaches the boundary of the round dust crystal, each following the limit of the circular confining region. This results in the formation of a double vortex flow pattern with the dust particles being transported along the irradiation direction and then aside, eventually back to the entrance position of the e-beam. The observed flow regime is laminar at all times, with the speed in the central region increasing up to 12 mm s−1 in the first 200 ms and then diminishing gradually to a steady value of about 5–6 mm s−1 during a stress relaxation time period of 360 ms. The vorticity follows a similar trend with peak values −3.8 and 3.8 s−1 and steady state values between −2.5 and 2.5 s−1 in the two symmetrical vortices. Time-resolved particle-image-velocimetry and particle-tracking-velocimetry are used to characterize the flow. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm qualitatively the experimental observations showing dust stream and double vortex formation.
Integrating mechanism-based T cell phenotypes into a model of tumor–immune cell interactions
Authors: Tangella Neel , Cess Colin G. , Ildefonso Geena V. , Finley Stacey D.
Published: August 2024

Interactions between cancer cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment influence tumor growth and can contribute to the response to cancer immunotherapies. It is difficult to gain mechanistic insights into the effects of cell–cell interactions in tumors using a purely experimental approach. However, computational modeling enables quantitative investigation of the tumor microenvironment, and agent-based modeling, in particular, provides relevant biological insights into the spatial and temporal evolution of tumors. Here, we develop a novel agent-based model (ABM) to predict the consequences of intercellular interactions. Furthermore, we leverage our prior work that predicts the transitions of CD8+ T cells from a naïve state to a terminally differentiated state using Boolean modeling. Given the details incorporated to predict T cell state, we apply the integrated Boolean–ABM framework to study how the properties of CD8+ T cells influence the composition and spatial organization of tumors and the efficacy of an immune checkpoint blockade. Overall, we present a mechanistic understanding of tumor evolution that can be leveraged to study targeted immunotherapeutic strategies.
Enhancing magnetocaloric material discovery: A machine learning approach using an autogenerated database by large language models
Authors: Yuan Jiaoyue , Yang Runqing , Patra Lokanath , Liao Bolin
Published: August 2024

Magnetic cooling based on the magnetocaloric effect is a promising solid-state refrigeration technology for a wide range of applications in different temperature ranges. Previous studies have mostly focused on near room temperature (300 K) and cryogenic temperature (<10 K) ranges, while important applications such as hydrogen liquefaction call for efficient magnetic refrigerants for the intermediate temperature range of 10–100 K. For efficient use in this range, new magnetocaloric materials with matching Curie temperatures need to be discovered, while conventional experimental approaches are typically time-consuming and expensive. Here, we report a computational material discovery pipeline based on a materials database containing more than 6000 entries auto-generated by extracting reported material properties from the literature using a large language model. We then use this database to train a machine learning model that can efficiently predict the magnetocaloric properties of materials based on their chemical composition. We further verify the magnetocaloric properties of the predicted compounds using ab initio atomistic spin dynamics simulations to complete the computational material discovery. Using this approach, we identify 11 new promising magnetocaloric materials for the target temperature range. Our work demonstrates the potential of combining large language models, machine learning, and ab initio simulations to efficiently discover new functional materials.
Spiral organization of quasi-periodic shrimp-shaped domains in a discrete predator–prey system
Authors: Pati N. C.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we report the discovery of some novel dynamical scenarios for quasi-periodic shrimp-shaped structures embedded within chaotic phases in bi-parameter space of a discrete predator–prey system. By constructing high-resolution, two-dimensional stability diagrams based on Lyapunov exponents, we observe the abundance of both periodic and quasi-periodic shrimp-shaped organized domains in a certain parameter space of the system. A comprehensive comparative analysis is conducted to elucidate the similarities and differences between these two types of shrimps. Our analysis reveals that, unlike periodic shrimp, quasi-periodic shrimp induces (i) torus bubbling transition to chaos and (ii) multistability with multi-tori, torus-chaotic, and multi-chaotic coexisting attractors, resulting from the crossing of its two inner antennae. The basin sets of the coexisting attractors are analyzed, and we observe the presence of intriguing basin boundaries. We also verify that, akin to periodic shrimp structures, quasi-periodic shrimps also maintain the three-times self-similarity scaling. Furthermore, we encounter the occurrence of spiral organization for the self-distribution of quasi-periodic shrimps within a large chaotic domain. We believe that these novel findings will significantly enhance our understanding of shrimp-shaped structures and the intricate dynamics exhibited by their distribution in chaotic regimes.
Characterization and effectiveness of a miniaturized dielectric barrier discharge module for air disinfection
Authors: Yu Dan , Zhang Liyang , Wu Kaiyue , Qiu Peili , Wang Kai , Fu Yangyang
Published: August 2024

Effective inactivation of airborne pathogens is crucial for air quality control and the prevention of infectious diseases, especially in indoor human-living environments. In this work, a novel air disinfector based on surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was proposed. The discharge characteristics and the disinfection performance of the disinfector were investigated under different applied voltages, airflow rates, and humidity. The used DBD mainly works in the O3-dominant product mode with a discharge power of 1–3 W. The decreases in N2(C-B) emission intensity, ozone, discharge power, and discharge current with the increasing airflow humidity were observed. Humidity was found to be the most pronounced factor promoting the single-pass disinfection efficiency. The Z value reached 0.32 l/J for relative humidity of 70%–80%. Additionally, ozone and ions were found to play a minor role in plasma-mediated bacterial inactivation. The antibacterial effectiveness of the disinfector was also validated by 2-h circulating disinfection experiments. Efficiency was maintained above the disinfection level (>99.9%) after a 5000-h continuous running. Meanwhile, the ozone emission was below the standard limit requirements. The proposed air disinfector is promising for household use with the advantages of small size, bacterial inactivation capability, low ozone emission, and high perceptibility.
Subharmonic lock-in detection and its optimization for femtosecond noise correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Weiss M. A. , Herbst F. S. , Eggert S. , Nakajima M. , Leitenstorfer A. , Goennenwein S. T. B. , Kurihara T.
Published: August 2024

Although often viewed as detrimental, fluctuations carry valuable information about the physical system from which they emerge. Femtosecond noise correlation spectroscopy (FemNoC) has recently been established to probe the ultrafast fluctuation dynamics of thermally populated magnons by measurement of their amplitude autocorrelation. Subharmonic lock-in detection is the key technique in this method, allowing us to extract the pulse-to-pulse polarization fluctuations of two femtosecond optical pulse trains transmitted through a magnetic sample. Here, we present a thorough technical description of the subharmonic demodulation technique and the FemNoC measurement system. We mathematically model the data acquisition process and identify the essential parameters that critically influence the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals. Comparing the model calculations to real datasets allows validating the predicted parameter dependences and provides a means to optimize FemNoC experiments.
GastroNet: A CNN based system for detection of abnormalities in gastrointestinal tract from wireless capsule endoscopy images
Authors: Rajkumar S. , Harini C. S. , Giri Jayant , Sairam V. A. , Ahmad Naim , Badawy Ahmed Said , Krithika G. K. , Dhanusha P. , Chandrasekar G. E. , Sapthagirivasan V.
Published: August 2024

Gastrointestinal disorders are a class of prevalent disorders in the world. Capsule endoscopy is considered an effective diagnostic modality for diagnosing such gastrointestinal disorders, especially in small intestinal regions. The aim of this work is to leverage the potential of deep convolutional neural networks for automated classification of gastrointestinal abnormalities from capsule endoscopy images. This method developed a deep learning architecture, GastroNetV1, an automated classifier, to detect abnormalities in capsule endoscopy images. The gastrointestinal abnormalities considered are ulcerative colitis, polyps, and esophagitis. The curated dataset consists of 6000 images with “ground truth” labeling. The input image is automatically classified as ulcerative colitis, a polyp, esophagitis, or a normal condition by a web-based application designed with the trained algorithm. The classifier produced 99.2% validation accuracy, 99.3% specificity, 99.3% sensitivity, and 0.991 AUC. These results exceed that of the state-of-the-art systems. Hence, the GastroNetV1 could be used to identify the different gastrointestinal abnormalities in the capsule endoscopy images, which will, in turn, improve healthcare quality.
Radiation pressure-driven Rayleigh–Taylor instability in compressible strongly magnetized ultra-relativistic degenerate plasmas
Authors: Bhambhu Ravinder , Prajapati Ram Prasad
Published: August 2024

The radiation pressure and strong magnetic fields are prominent in the structures of Rayleigh–Taylor (R–T) instability in the interior of white dwarfs. This paper investigates the radiation pressure-driven R–T instability in a compressible and magnetized ultra-relativistic degenerate strongly coupled plasma. The equation of state has been derived for such systems incorporating ultra-relativistic degenerate electrons with their radiation pressure and ion gas compressibility. The dispersion relation of the density gradients driven R–T instability is analyzed using the generalized hydrodynamic fluid model in the strongly coupled and weakly coupled limits. It is observed that the R–T instability criterion has been modified significantly due to radiation pressure, ion gas compressibility and degeneracy parameters. In the kinetic limit, the instability region is shorter than the hydrodynamic limit due to the dominance of plasma frequency over the viscoelastic relaxation frequency. The outcomes are explored in analyzing the development of R–T instability in the strongly magnetized carbon–oxygen white dwarfs. The radiation pressure, electron temperature and ion density strongly suppress the growth rate of the R–T instability in the interior of white dwarfs. The strong magnetic fields introduce asymmetry to the system by destabilizing the R–T unstable modes. The present results are also useful for understanding the R–T instability in the star formation and dense plasmas in inertial confinement fusion in some limiting cases.
Falling film hydrodynamics of horizontal elliptical tube under column flow
Authors: Li Donghui , Liu Bo , Chen Xueshuo , Zhang Kun , Lu Tao , Chen Xue
Published: August 2024

Flow characteristics of falling film around a horizontal elliptical tube under column flow were numerically investigated with the volume of fluid method. The three-dimensional film thickness distributions for elliptical tubes with three ellipticities and two arrangements (the major axis oriented vertically and the major axis oriented horizontally) were captured. This investigation also considered the effects of spray Reynolds number and contact angle on film thickness distribution. A comparison between elliptical tube and circular tube was also performed under typical spray Reynolds number of 258 and tube spacing of 20 mm. The results show that the tube shape has a great influence on the film thickness and flow behaviors: The liquid film formed outside the elliptical tube with the major axis oriented vertically is thinner and more uniform than that of the circular tube. Conversely, the film on the elliptical tube with the major axis oriented horizontally is thicker and more non-uniform than that of the circular tube. The increasing of Reynolds number generally increases film thickness, particularly in the crest region. Under incompletely wetted condition, the increasing of ellipticity decreases the liquid film coverage rate around the tube. In addition, a correlation for predicting the film thickness around elliptical tubes was proposed.
Viscous Rayleigh–Taylor instability at a dynamic interface in spherical geometry
Authors: Wang Y. W. , Sun Y. B. , Wang C. , Xiao Y. , Zeng R. H.
Published: August 2024

In their study, Terrones et al. [“Rayleigh–Taylor instability at spherical interfaces between viscous fluids: The fluid/fluid interface,” Phys. Fluids 32, 094105 (2020)] elucidated that investigations into the viscous Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) in spherical geometry at a quiescent interface yield significant physical insights. Yet, the complexity amplifies when addressing a dynamic spherical interface pertinent to engineering and scientific inquiries. The dynamics of RTI, particularly when influenced by the Bell–Plesset effects at such interfaces, offers a rich tapestry for understanding perturbation growth. The evolution of this instability is describable by a coupled set of equations, allowing numerical resolution to trace the radius evolution and instability characteristics of a bubble akin to the implosion scenario of a fusion pellet in inertial confinement fusion scenarios. The investigation encompasses the impact of viscosity, external pressure, discrete mode, and a surface-tension-like force on the interfacial instability. In general, the oscillation of the bubble radius exhibits a decay rate that diminishes with increasing Reynolds number (Re). It is important to note that the growth of the perturbed amplitude is not only solely determined by the mechanical properties of the fluid but also by the dynamics of the interface. The low-order modal (n<20) disturbance is dominant with relatively high Reynolds numbers. There is a specific mode corresponding the maximum in amplitude of perturbation in the linear phase, and the mode decreases as the Re decreases. The application of external pressure noticeably accelerates the bubble's oscillation and impedes its shrinkage, thereby preventing the bubble from collapsing completely. The increase in external pressure also promotes the transition from the first peak to the trough of the disturbance. At higher-order modes, the fluctuation of the disturbance curve tends to be uniform. The ultrahigh-order modes require a strong enough pressure to be excited. In addition, the smaller Weber number (We) helps to accelerate the bubble oscillation and promote the fluctuation of the disturbance amplitude, but has no significant effect on the time of the disturbance peak. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of interfacial instabilities in the context of spherical bubbles and, especially, for the dynamics of fusion capsules in inertial confinement fusion.
Film investigation of swirl-vane separator based on Euler grid approximation and coupled film method of Eulerian wall film and volume of fraction method
Authors: Liu Zhanwei , Bo Hanliang
Published: August 2024

The movement of multiple liquid droplets within steam flow constitutes a commonplace and noteworthy phenomenon across a spectrum of disciplines, including environmental science, chemical engineering, and energy studies. To simulate the dynamic behavior of these droplets, the methodology of Euler grid approximation, along with the Eulerian wall film (EWF) coupled with the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method, was successfully employed to simulate the steam-liquid separation and liquid film processes within the swirl-vane separator. The trajectory of droplets within the gas phase field was constructed using the Euler grid approximation methodology, while the flow of liquid film formed by droplet–wall collision was modeled based on the coupled EWF and VOF liquid film model. The investigation of two-phase flow and liquid film flow within the swirl-vane separator under high temperature and pressure conditions was conducted utilizing the proposed model, with subsequent analysis of the pertinent characteristics of droplets and liquid film. Specifically, the thickness and velocity of the liquid film significantly increased with the increase in droplet mass flow rate, with larger droplets more prone to concentrate and form stable flow of thick liquid film. The study results may hold significant implications for the design, operation, and optimization of separators.
Deep learning and defocus imaging for determination of three-dimensional position and orientation of microscopic objects
Authors: Mehdizadeh Youshanlouei Mohammad , Rossi Massimiliano
Published: August 2024

We present a method to determine the three-dimensional position and orientation of microscopic, non-spherical objects in microfluidic and laboratory-on-a-chip systems observed through conventional optical microscopes. The method is based on the combination of the General Defocusing Particle Tracking technique [Barnkob et al., “General defocusing particle tracking,” Lab Chip 15, 3556–3560 (2015)] and deep learning. It requires minimal input from the user, is suitable for real-time applications, and can be applied to any microscopic object with an approximately ellipsoidal shape, such as unicellular swimming organisms, red blood cells, or spheroidal colloids. The main challenge is linked to the construction of suitable training datasets for the neural network. We provide a procedure generally valid for active microswimmers and discuss possible strategies for other types of objects. An implementation using the Visual Geometry Group convolutional neural network (VGG-16) is presented and tested on synthetic images with different backgrounds and noise levels. The same implementation is used to track the position and orientation of different specimens of the heterotrophic ciliate Euplotes Vannus in free-swimming motion. The measurements were performed with a 10 × objective over a depth of 800 μm with an average estimated uncertainty in the orientation angles of 9.0%.
Asymptotics for viscous Burgers equation under impulsive forcing
Authors: Dwivedi Kanchan , Engu Satyanarayana , Berke Venkatramana P. , Sahoo Manas Ranjan
Published: August 2024

An initial value problem to the viscous Burgers equation under the influence of an external forcing of distribution type is considered. The existence and uniqueness of weak solutions for it are investigated. To do this, we linearize the viscous Burgers equation and show the existence and uniqueness of common boundary function for the associated initial-boundary problems. Jump discontinuity of the spatial derivative of the solution makes a key role in determining large time asymptotics to the solutions. The explicit representation of the common boundary function and its asymptotic behavior are discussed for a specific case of the jump discontinuity. Here, the common boundary is obtained in terms of Associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind. For the general case, asymptotic behavior of the common boundary of the associated initial-boundary problems is used to determine the large time asymptotics for the Cauchy problem to the viscous Burgers equation.
The vacuum-core vortex in relativistic perfect fluids
Authors: Matsuoka Chihiro , Ishihara Hideki
Published: August 2024

The governing equations in non-relativistic (conventional) compressible fluid flows are derived as a low-energy limit in relativistic flows. This suggests that exact solutions obtained in non-relativistic fluid dynamics possess their relativistic counterparts. As an example of such solutions, we consider a stationary potential flow and examine the relativistic effect on a vacuum-core (hollow-core) vortex solution in compressible fluid flows. The vacuum-core vortex solution is an exact solution in stationary potential flows, which is also true in relativistic flows. We construct the vacuum-core vortex solution in relativistic fluid flows and discuss the differences and similarities between non-relativistic and relativistic flows. We show that the vacuum-core radius in relativistic flows is larger than the one in non-relativistic flows for a fixed polytropic exponent and depends on the transonic speed (local sound speed) in the flow field. We also calculate various physical quantities such as density, pressure, and sound speed as functions of radius r from the center of the core and compare them with those in non-relativistic flows.
MXene enhanced reduced graphene oxide aerogel for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Zhenjiang , Yang Xinli , Wang Gang , Yang Xiping , Qiao Longhao , Lu Mingxia
Published: August 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Ti2CTx MXene hybrid aerogels were effectively prepared by a two-step method involving hydrothermal reaction and freeze-drying. The intimately coupled rGO/Ti2CTx hybrid aerogel combined high electrical conductivity, large interlayer spacing, and excellent mechanical stability of Ti2CTx, which not only effectively prevents the self-restacking of Ti2CTx nanosheets, exposes more active sites exposed, and improves the volume change during the charge/discharge process but also increases the accessibility of ions and promotes the rapid transfer of ions/electrons. As a result, rGO/Ti2CTx 17.5–2.5 as the working electrode of electric double layer capacitors delivers a large specific capacity (107.05 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 in a 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte), a high rate capability (maintains 30% of its initial capacitance at 10 A g−1, which is much better than rGO and Ti2CTx), and excellent long-term large-current cycle stability (the initial capacitance remains above 71.1% after 10 000 cycles at 1 A g−1). In addition to providing a high-performance electrode for supercapacitors, this study proposes an efficient and time-saving strategy for constructing 3D structures from 2D materials.
Lattice Boltzmann study of droplet dynamic behaviors impinging on textured surfaces under an external electric field
Authors: Yao Jiang , Wang Junfeng , Xu Haojie , Zuo Lei , Li Bufa , Dong Qingming
Published: August 2024

Textured surfaces contribute to enhancing the cooling effectiveness of electrostatic spray, while the droplet impacting dynamics on such substrates under the influence of electric field are crucial for cooling efficiency. This study utilized a multiphase lattice Boltzmann method combined with the leaky dielectric model to systematically examine the dynamics of droplet impingement on textured surfaces when exposed to electric field. The impact of Weber number, microstructural surface parameters, and electric field strength on droplet impact behavior was discussed in detail. Simulation outcomes reveal that, without the presence of an electric field, the impingement of droplets on textured surfaces results in three distinct deposition states: the Cassie state, partial penetration state, and Wenzel state, primarily contingent upon the surface solid fraction and the droplet impingement velocity. In the Cassie impact regime influenced by an applied electric field, the droplet spreading behaviors exhibit minimal sensitivity to the electric field, with surface tension and inertia primarily governing the spreading dynamics. Throughout the retraction stage, the droplet elongated the direction of the electric field as a result of electric field forces, and eventually, as the electric field strength grows, it bounces off the surface. In the Wenzel impact regime, as the strength of the electric field escalates, the droplet undergoes upward stretching and splits into satellite droplets during the retraction phase, attributed to the dynamic pressure and electrostatic pressure at the apex exceeding the capillary pressure and gravity. These findings could aid in advancing electrostatic spray cooling technology.