bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Safety Data Analysis Through Machine Learning Models
Authors: Kazbekova K. , Zhakhongir Karimzhanov , Akerke Makhmut
Published: November 2024

Currently, there is a positive trend in the oil and gas industry worldwide, including Kazakhstan, in the directions of digitizing processes and ensuring occupational safety. As a result, we have a large volume of the data, the potential of which is often not fully realized. The second derivative of improvements in occupational safety is the exponential increase in task complexity as we approach the coveted goal of incidents. In other words, achieving each subsequent safety metric requires making increasingly complex decisions.

We observe how two curves—the demand curve and the opportunities curve—intersect at this point, which is now. The main goal of the study is to develop a solution that unlocks the potential of the collected data and applies it to make those very complex decisions. This can be achieved by uncovering non-obvious, complex interdependencies, causal relationships, and behavioral patterns.

The research focuses on centralizing safety related data to ensure its accuracy for predictive, prescriptive, and diagnostic analysis. The main goal is to anticipate and predict incidents by leveraging historical incident data along with regular observations and planned works.

Aggregating information from various sources such as incident reports, work permits, and safeguards field verification is essential for constructing a holistic view of safety outcomes. By combining these datasets, we gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing safety and risk management.
Advantages of a Staged Approach in Horizontal Well Clean-Up
Authors: Yermekbayeva Z. , Yessaliyeva-Gozukara A. , Williams D. , Bopbekov D. , Yudin K. , Utebaeva D. , Oryngaliyev K. , Tlepbergenov N. , Berdibekov A. , Kussanov I. , Chalak A.
Published: November 2024

This paper outlines the planning and assessment of a multi-staged clean-up strategy in a horizontal well, post-drilling. The strategy strikes a balance between efficient well clean-up from drilling and stimulation fluids and the risk of coiled tubing stress cracking. The staged clean-up approach, conducted from the toe to the heel of the long lateral horizontal well, allowed us to perform uniform and gradual clean-up process along the entire horizontal length.

In the pursuit of optimizing horizontal well clean-ups, the implementation of a staged approach presents significant advantages over a single stage clean-up. The staged clean-up process is particularly beneficial in scenarios where flow dynamics favor the heel portion of the well. This could lead to future issues when the toe portion of the well starts contributing after downhole pressure/flow dynamics balance, potentially causing plant upsets due to the flowback of unrecovered drilling and stimulation fluids. This method involves the sequential opening and clean-up of sleeves, commencing from the toe to the heel, which ensures a thorough and efficient removal of drilling and acid stimulation fluids.

The introduction of the horizontal well clean-up technique, spanning a total length of 2 km with 23 sleeves, marked a first for the organization. It necessitated extensive planning and alignment meetings due to the lack of initial operational implementation experience, the high costs associated with Schlumberger's Management of Residuals Materials (MRM) unit deployment, and the challenges posed by shifting tools such as coiled tubing and tractors in a high H2S environment, where coiled tubing's corrosion resistance could be compromised.

The logic of the three-staged MRM clean-up proposal was driven by reservoir characteristics and the strategic grouping of sleeves to prioritize zones of lower quality. The procedure also incorporated well sweetening and inhibitors pumping to maintain the integrity of the coiled tubing. Continuous well-head samples were collected to monitor the recovery of drilling and stimulation fluids. The well clean-up operations were successful, achieving their objectives by effectively recovering most of the drilling and stimulation fluids. The coiled tubing was used efficiently without encountering any integrity issues.

The data gathered from each clean-up stage offered valuable insights into well productivity and played a crucial role in shaping the design of subsequent stimulation interventions. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the staged clean-up approach in not only ensuring a thorough clean-up but also in providing critical data for future operations.
A Systematic Approach of Bottomhole Pressure History Matching for the Giant Carbonate Kashagan Field
Authors: Madalimov Medet , Dachang Li , Thaddeus Ehighebolo Ivbade , Yerkinbek Dair
Published: November 2024

Kashagan field contains complex geologic features with complex flow phenomena near bottomholes, e.g., well productivity index (PI) and injectivity index (II) are time-dependent (well scaling, workover, and stimulations etc.) and/or rate-dependent (RD geomechanics/turbulence). Using the built-in functions of commercial simulators cannot give satisfactory solutions for the field. This paper proposes a systematic approach for bottomhole pressure history matching that is automated and capable to handle rate-dependent PI(RDPI) for producers and rate-dependent II(RDII) for injectors.

After achieved acceptable history match qualities on static pressure/GOR/Water-cut for the Kashagan field, the next step of the history match process was to do bottomhole pressure (BHP) match. There were two major challenges during BHP history match. The first one was time-dependent skin caused by bottomhole environment changes, e.g., well scaling, workovers, and stimulations. Traditionally, a time-consuming, trial-and-error process was used to match BHPs. The second challenge was well RDPI and RDII that may cause significant BHP mismatches in trend. RDPI for producers can decrease as production rate increases while RDII for injectors can increase or decrease as injection rate increases depending on in a geomechanic flow regime or turbulent flow regime. In the most commercial simulators, non-Darcy’s flow function for RDPI is only available for gas producers rather than oil producers while RDII cannot be handled satisfactorily for gas injectors. In this situation, the team created an automated skin adjustment Python script to help BHP HM time reduction. Meanwhile, the team also created new RDPI/RDII non-Darcy’s equations and Python scripts implemented as an additional build-in function. Using the Python scripts for the automated skin adjustment, RDPI, and RDII has significantly improved BHP match efficiency (minutes vs days/weeks) and accuracy (satisfactory trends).
A Comprehensive Study of the Various Stimulation Fluids Deployed in HPHT Reservoirs
Authors: Nurlybayev N. , Yudin A. , Bulekbay A. , Jalil R. , Ghazwi M. , Farouk M. , Al-Jalal Z. , Hadyani F. Al
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive study of the various stimulation fluids implemented worldwide in terms of their effectiveness, the advantages and disadvantages of the fluids in comparative analyses. Furthermore, the study highlighted the challenges related to the utilization of these fluids and their further development.

The research employed a multi-faceted approach of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data from multiple sources. This included an extensive review of available literature and records, lab testing and a close examination of stimulation fluid samples. To further gain an understanding of the fluids’ efficacy, field testing was conducted in the laboratory setting and onsite in the field. Various data were gathered and analyzed for a comprehensive assessment of the different stimulation fluids in more than thousands of treatments, using artificial intelligence tools. Finally, these results were analyzed to come up with the optimal stimulation fluids for use in particular geological conditions.

The most common fluid systems are gelled HCl acid, emulsified acid systems, different variations of viscoelastic surfactant-based systems, nitrogen and carbon dioxide-based foamed fluids, crosslinked fluid systems, relative permeability modifiers, and others. Additionally, the study found that there were both advantages and disadvantages associated with each fluid in terms of efficiency, application features, and performance. The study categorizes different fluid systems based on formation type, temperature, depth, treatment type, and other factors. As an example, the carbon dioxide-foamed acid-based fluid system is found to be an effective fluid system to stimulate tight HPHT-depleted formations improving stimulation fluid recovery by up to 40% and increasing initial productivity by 17%. Furthermore, proper water management strategies and environmental considerations must be taken into consideration to ensure further successful utilization.

The effectiveness of the various stimulation fluids varies greatly and therefore careful consideration must be taken before selecting the optimal fluid using artificial intelligence tools. The research outcome provides a comprehensive decision tree and categorization workflow for fluid selection, addressing various well and geological challenges. Petroleum engineers would find this article valuable when selecting the appropriate fluid for treatment.
Tengizchevroil Well Unloading Challenges and Best Practices at Higher Gathering System Pressure
Authors: Bekov S. , Kuatov A. , Oryngaliev K. , Nurmukhanbetov A. , Kamispayev A.
Published: November 2024

The objectives of the paper are to present well start-up (SU) challenges that Tengizchevroil (TCO) experienced operating at high pressure gathering system in the last 3-5 years and to discuss the established strategies that were used to overcome these challenges to optimize production on daily basis. Additionally, the paper reviews the production strategies that were used to efficiently manage relatively low-rate wells that were produced in a cycling fashion due to loading tendencies.

Well SU recommendations are generally prepared by carefully considering several key factors, such as static reservoir pressure, flowline (FL) volume, gathering system back pressure, and wellbore fluid gradient. By analyzing historical SU attempts of differently conditioned wells, specific thresholds or minimum requirements were established in connection with abovementioned factors. Each of these factors can be improved to maximize a well’s SU chance; for example, a smaller FL volume can be artificially increased at meter station (MS) side, or its FL pressure (back pressure) might be lowered. Furthermore, if there is still a low confidence on a particular well SU, a nitrogen injection can be performed to decrease fluid gradient in wellbore and subsequently maximize a well’s SU chance. Finally, other key nuances impacting well unloading were also considered, such as choke opening strategy to prevent choke plugging and reduction of MS pressure for a short time to ensure a full well SU.

TCO managed to efficient SU more than 300 wells on annual basis in last 3-5 years without any safety incidents. Each SU attempt was carefully reviewed and did not proceed until potential wellsite risks had not been mitigated to an acceptable level. With the established strategies, more than 85-90% of all SU attempts had been successful, and wells were returned into production after scheduled shutdown (SD) activities. Poorly planned SD activities might easily cause unnecessary and repetitive SU attempts and subsequently unplanned well downtimes. Such situations might cause up to $100,000-$500,000 production impact due to unavailability of surplus production from field at certain times in addition to unnecessary potential safety risks and extra greenhouse gas emissions emitted from repetitive SU attempts.

This paper summaries challenges, best practices, lessons learnt, some established planning strategies and well loading prediction strategies that are used to optimize and efficiently manage more than 150 producing well stock before TCO will fully switch to low pressure gathering system. The described well SU strategies can be used in other fields and prevent potential LPOs (Loss of Production) at certain situations.
Artificial intelligence-enhanced diagnosis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis using temporomandibular joint panoramic radiography and joint noise data
Authors: Choi Eunhye , Shin Seokwon , Lee Kijin , An Taejin , Lee Richard K. , Kim Sunmin , Son Youngdoo , Kim Seong Teak
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for the screening of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) using temporomandibular joint (TMJ) panoramic radiography and joint noise data. A total of 2,631 TMJ panoramic images were collected, resulting in a final dataset of 3,908 images (2,127 normal (N) and 1,781 TMJ OA (D)) after excluding indeterminate cases and errors. AI models using GoogleNet were evaluated with six different combinations of image data, clinician-detected crepitus, and patient-reported joint noise. The model that integrated all joint noise data with imaging, demonstrated the highest performance, achieving an F1-score of 0.72. Another model, which incorporated both imaging and crepitus, also achieved the same F1-score but had lower D recall (0.55 vs. 0.67) and N precision (0.71 vs. 0.74). The AI models outperformed orofacial pain specialists when provided with imaging alone or in combination with all joint noise data. These findings suggest that AI-enhanced TMJ OA diagnosis using TMJ panoramic radiography and joint noise data offers a promising approach for early detection and improved patient care. The results underscore AI's capability to integrate diverse diagnostic factors, providing a comprehensive and accurate assessment that surpasses traditional methods.
Novel technique and outcomes of umbilical reconstruction during cytoreductive surgery; a multi-centre study
Authors: Cheng Ernest , Yang Phillip , Khor Steven , Mui Jasmine , Sarofim Mina , Wijayawardana Ruwanthi , Ansari Nabila , Koh Cherry , Morris David , Ahmadi Nima
Published: November 2024

Background
The goal of cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal malignancy is to remove all macroscopic disease, which occasionally requires the excision of the umbilicus. While the absence of the umbilicus can be aesthetically undesirable for patients, umbilical reconstruction is rarely performed due to the perceived complexity and increased risk of wound infections [1]. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes, cosmetic results, and patient satisfaction of umbilical reconstruction during cytoreductive surgery.
Methods
Consecutive patients from a prospectively maintained database who underwent cytoreductive surgery with umbilical excision and reconstruction were evaluated. Our technique for umbilical reconstruction involved recreating the subcutaneous fat space and fashioning umbilical skin flaps that anchor to the anterior fascia. Outcomes assessed included postoperative infection rate, wound dehiscence, seroma formation, wound appearance, and patient satisfaction.
Results
Umbilical reconstruction was performed on 50 patients, with 12 (24%) experiencing wound-related complications. Of these, 8 patients (16%) had superficial wound infections, while 1 patient (2%) developed a deep wound infection. Three patients (6%) required local wound drainage, though none needed surgical revision. There were no reports of wound seromas, skin necrosis, wound widening, or umbilical stenosis. All patients reported satisfaction with the outcome of their reconstruction.
Conclusion
Our novel technique for umbilical reconstruction during cytoreductive surgery did not negatively impact wound healing outcomes. Recreating the umbilicus improved cosmetic results and patient satisfaction, enhancing body image for those undergoing major abdominal surgery. This approach should be considered for patients undergoing major laparotomies that necessitates umbilical excision.
Effectiveness and Safety of Hypofractionated Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Large Meningiomas and Those Adjacent to the Optic Pathway and Brainstem: Preliminary Therapeutic Outcomes
Authors: Hirano Yudai , Shinya Yuki , Umekawa Motoyuki , Hasegawa Hirotaka , Kawashima Mariko , Wipplinger Christoph , Wipplinger Tamara , Katano Atsuto , Saito Nobuhito
Published: November 2024

Background
Recent technologic advancements have facilitated the use of hypofractionated Gamma Knife-based radiosurgery (HF-GKRS) to treat large lesions or those in eloquent areas. This study aimed to analyze the preliminary results of HF-GKRS for these meningiomas, and to determine its effectiveness and safety.
Methods
This single-center retrospective study analyzed data of patients who underwent HF-GKRS for large meningiomas or those in eloquent areas with > 6 months of follow-up. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary outcomes were neurological deterioration, post-treatment T2 signal changes following HF-GKRS, and tumor volume changes. Volumetric analysis of the tumors after treatment was also performed to assess changes in tumor size after HF-GKRS.
Results
Overall, 24 patients with a median follow-up period of 22 months (range: 6–49 months) were included. Among them, 18 (75%) patients had tumors in close proximity to the optic pathway, and 15 (63%) patients had large lesions (> 10 cm3). The cumulative 1- and 3-year PFS rates were 100% and 92%, respectively. The cumulative 3-year rate of adverse radiation effects was 9%. Overall, 12 patients (50%) showed tumor reduction, with a median tumor reduction rate of 45% (range: 25–58%).
Conclusions
Our preliminary results revealed that HF-GKRS for large meningiomas or those in eloquent areas is safe and effective, with satisfactory short- and mid-term PFS and low adverse radiation effects. Further research with more patients and longer follow-up periods is required.
Exploring the structural, elastic, electronic and thermal properties of Ti-Al-Me (Me=Cu, Fe and Ni) alloys by first-principles studies
Authors: Song Yulai , Li Yiming , Zhang Zheng , Zhao Xiaolin , Tang Jiaxin , Ni Junjie
Published: November 2024

The structural, elastic, electronic, and thermal properties of Ti-Al-Me (Me=Cu, Fe and Ni) alloys (TAMs) with the face-centered cubic phase were investigated using plane-wave pseudo potential method which is implemented in CASTEP code in the framework of density functional theory. The stability of the structure was confirmed from energetic, mechanical and phonon dynamic perspectives. Based on the calculated elastic constants combined with empirical and semi-empirical formulas, physical properties including ductility/brittleness, hardness and anisotropy of each phase was calculated. Moreover, thermodynamic information such as entropy, enthalpy, free energy, heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient were calculated. The results showed that TiAlFe2 had the highest thermal conductivity coefficient, and the heat capacities of all phases gradually approached the Dulong-Petit limit at high temperatures, while they conformed to the Debye T3 temperature law at low temperatures. Furthermore, the electronic structure calculation results indicate that all compounds are metallic and the d orbital of each atom plays an important role in the hybridization process. These calculation results are of great practical importance for understanding the basic physical and chemical properties of TAMs, clarifying their application and making sensible material selection.
Research on the low-temperature performance of basalt fiber- rubber powder modified asphalt mixtures under freeze-thaw in large temperature differences region
Authors: Shi Xiaote , Si Chundi , Yan Kewei , Zhu Yuefeng
Published: November 2024

To investigate the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on the low-temperature performance of basalt fiber-rubber powder composite modified asphalt mixtures (BRMAM) in the cold regions with large temperature differences, the effect of basalt fibers content on the mechanical properties of asphalt binder was comprehensively characterized by the basic property test and bending beam rheometer (BBR) test. Based on the self-designed freeze-thaw cycle process, the deterioration of low-temperature performance and freeze-thaw damage mechanism of BRMAM under freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed by the splitting tensile test, three-point bending test and semi-circular bending (SCB) test. The method suitable for evaluating BRMAM's low temperature performance was compared and explored by Pearson correlation analysis. The results reveal that when fiber content was lower than 0.4%, the reinforcement effect of basalt fibers on asphalt material was more obvious. With the progress of freeze-thaw cycles, the influence of frost heave force on the cracking resistance of BRMAM became more pronounced, and the influence degree decreased gradually. Excess fibers reduced the interfacial bond between rubber powder modified asphalt and aggregate. When fiber content was between 0.2%-0.4%, BRMAM may exhibit optimal low-temperature performance and the lowest sensitivity to freeze-thaw cycles.
Unveiling genetic diversity in jute mallow (Corchorus spp.): morphological clustering reveals distinctive traits among accessions from Africa and Asia
Authors: AFOKPE M. Pamela , Ologou Serge , Kouiho S. Romaric , de Hoop Simon Jan , N’Danikou Sognigbé , Achigan-Dako Enoch G. , Schranz M. Eric
Published: November 2024

Jute mallow is an important crop produced for its leaves and fiber. In Africa, it is mostly produced and consumed as a leafy green vegetable. We evaluated thirty-two qualitative and quantitative morphological traits at two locations to assess the genetic diversity among two hundred and eighty-three accessions of Corchorus olitorius var. olitorius, Corchorus olitorius var. incisifolius Asch. & Schweinf., and Corchorus capsularis L. mostly from West Africa and additional samples from East Africa, Asia, and other regions. High morphological diversity was detected in the accessions evaluated. The main distinctive morphological traits of the accessions were leaf shape, the leaf margin, the plant growth habit and the number of primary branches. Multivariate analysis grouped the accessions into four clusters (referred to as Cluster 1: “Seed yield”, Cluster 2: “Intermediate”, Cluster 3: “Capsularis” and Cluster 4: “Leaf yield”), which are named after the key characteristics that defined them. The Corchorus capsularis accessions were clustered together and separated from the C. olitorius L. accessions. However, within the latter species, the analysis revealed further separation into two groups irrespective of the subspecies: one with fewer primary branches and a greater leaf surface area than the other with a greater number of primary branches and smaller leaves. Leaf surface area, days to 50% flowering, days to 90% pod maturity and the number of primary branches were important traits that contributed to a high harvest index and hence a high fresh leaf yield. The findings in the current study can help focus and accelerate breeding programs targeting important traits, including leaf shape, branching, flowering time, and leaf and seed yields.
Tracheal fracture and stenosis secondary to sidewall-inserted percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: A Case Report
Authors: Matsuda Kazuaki , Ueha Rumi , Terashima Kumiko , Miura Cathrine , Sato Taku , Goto Takao , Kondo Kenji
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Tracheal stenosis may occur as a complication of tracheostomy regardless of technique; however, it is more frequently observed with percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) than with surgical tracheostomy (ST). We report a case of a patient with severe tracheal stenosis due to a tracheal ring fracture and intratracheal granulation caused by PDT puncture through the lateral tracheal wall.
Case Presentation
A 62-year-old male underwent PDT after a vehicular accident. He was decannulated after two months but developed dyspnea and underwent PDT again. Bleeding occurred every tracheostomy change, and tube reinsertion was difficult; hence, the patient was referred to our institution for management. Endoscopy showed tracheal compression medially, long and deep tracheocutaneous fistula, and multi-level intratracheal granulation, particularly at the point of distal tube contact. Immediate surgical tracheostomy and endoscopy-guided excision of the granulation tissue using electrocautery were performed. Healing of the tracheal fistula and improvement in stenosis were noted after one week. The tracheal stenosis was stable for six months with full epithelialization of the latest tracheostomy site.
Conclusions
PDT is a straightforward and widely practiced method, but careful assessment of its indications and proper execution of the procedure are crucial. Careful evaluation of the indication for PDT and meticulous surgical performance are vital to prevent potential complications such as tracheal stenosis.
Towards Mixed Reality-Navigated Surgery: Point Cloud Surface Registration for Automated 3D Image Overlay
Authors: Bonsmann Henrik , Vo An-Nhien , Ladikos Alexander , Kuetting Daniel , Schmidt Joachim , Arensmeyer Jan C , Feodorovici Philipp
Published: November 2024

Background
Mixed Reality (MR) enables intuitive and tangible visualization of patient data in interventional environments without further exposure to radiation, while most state-of-the-art navigation systems lack proper immersive visualization and rely on the use of markers as well as additional intrasurgical imaging for digital-physical registration.
Methods
We develop and validate a modular and immersive system combining state of the art mixed reality hardware, high-fidelity tracking/scanning technology, and automated surface registration algorithms to generate an accurate MR holographic projection of surgical tools and patient anatomy.
Results
The system exhibits reliable real-time performance with latencies below 50 ms. The accuracy of the holographic projection was measured for registration and MR precision, revealing a combined average deviation of 1.73 mm on a patient model.
Conclusion
Overall system accuracy provides a strong foundation for immersive surgical or interventional guidance. Ongoing studies aim to investigate clinical value and usability in real-world scenarios.
Long term changes in chemical components in the meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis) in the formerly heavily polluted Eastern Sudetes Mountains
Authors: Bureš Stanislav , Hekera Petr , Jašková Paulína
Published: November 2024

The Eastern Sudetes Mountains on the Czech Polish border were among the most polluted regions of Europe due to toxic metal depositions and acid rain, until the desulphurization of emissions from coal power stations and reduction of heavy industry which took place in the 1990s. This study provides a comparison of data on the levels of calcium, lead, cadmium and aluminum in meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis) nestlings and their available diet in 1994–1999 and in 2017–2019. Related data on the chemical composition of the soil in the area were also gathered. The soil pH and concentration of calcium in potential prey (invertebrates) and nestlings increased slightly, lead and cadmium levels decreased both in potential prey and nestling bodies in 2017–2019 while aluminum levels in nestlings were unchanged. The age of nestlings had no effect on these variables. The PCA analyses showed that cadmium dominated during the 1990s, while other elements, mainly calcium, more recently. The consequences of recent leaching of basic cations, mainly calcium and increasing bioavailability of lead in soils for future reproduction of the meadow pipit are discussed.
Diagnostic accuracy of TIRADS and Bethesda scoring system in evaluating thyroid nodules: a cross-sectional study
Authors: M Nandakumar B , Hiremath Bharati V , Tiwari Kaushiki
Published: November 2024

Background:
Worldwide, prevalence of nodular goiter is 4–8% by palpation and increases upto 40% by ultrasound examination. Upto 10% of thyroid nodules are malignant. Both ultrasound and FNA define in most cases whether a nodule requires surgery. Recently many studies have noted a discordance in existing risk of malignancy based ACR TIRADS and Bethesda FNAC reporting. The risk of malignancy in low risk groups is much higher that what was initially reported, potentially under evaluating and underdiagnosing a malignant nodule. Our study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and FNAC in diagnosing the underlying pathology in thyroid swellings.
Methods:
This was a single center, cross-sectional study. We included all patients who underwent thyroidectomy at Ramaiah Medical College and hospitals from 2018–2024.
Results:
A total of 348 patients underwent total thyroidectomy during the study period. 212 were included after applying the exclusion criteria. Females represented 83% of the study population. Majority of the patients had TIRADS 3 lesions (53%) on Ultrasonography and a Bethesda 2 subcategory (58%) on FNAC. 33.49% of the patients had malignancy. The accuracy and positive predictive value of TIRADS score in diagnosing malignant lesion was 80.07% and 77.96% respectively. The accuracy and positive predictive value of Bethesda system in diagnosing malignant lesion was 81.13% and 91.66% respectively. The risk of malignancy in TIRADS 2, 3, 4&5 were 22, 21, 58 and 84% respectively.
Conclusions:
High accuracy and positive predictive value of both TIRADS and FNAC make them ideal investigations for evaluating patients with thyroid nodules. The relatively low sensitivity does not preclude their use. Compared with previous recommendations in the literature, more rigorous follow-up is needed for TIRADS category 3 and Bethesda category 2 patients.
2.05 μm high-energy thulium-doped fibre amplifier based on backward pumping
Authors: Yang Chao , Zheng Bowen , Huang Junyu , Li Xin , Li Yongliang , Dong Keyan , Ju Youlun
Published: November 2024

We demonstrate a thulium (Tm)-doped fibre amplifier using a Ho: GdVO4 solid-state laser as the master oscillator operating at 2048.53 nm. In continuous wave (CW) mode, a maximum laser output power of 33.4 W was obtained under a maximum pump power of 151 W injection at 18°C. The slope efficiency of the amplification stage was 19.5%. The output laser wavelength was 2048.57 nm, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) was 0.14 nm. In Q-switched mode, a maximum single pulse energy of 3.86 mJ was obtained at a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 5 kHz with a pulse width of 22.1 ns, corresponding to a peak power of 174.7 kW and an average output power of 19.3 W. No nonlinear optical effects, such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) or stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) was observed throughout the experiment, and the fibre amplifier output remained stable. Ultimately, the maximum single pulse energy obtained by a 2.05 µm backward-pumped Tm-doped fibre amplifier (TDFA) at a PRF of 5 kHz and a pulse width of 22.1 ns was 3.86 mJ.
Has the Hainan plume interacted with the oceanic lithosphere of the South China Sea？
Authors: Liu Shaowen , Li Yan , Bott Judith , Tan Pingchuan , Anikiev Denis , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Seismic, petrological, and geochemical studies confirm the existence of the Hainan plume in SE Asia, but whether the plume interacted with the oceanic lithosphere of the South China Sea (SCS) has been a subject of debate. To address this problem, we conducted a 3D gravity forward and inverse modeling to construct a 3D lithospheric density model of the SCS, incorporating all the geophysical and geological data available. Our findings indicate that the oceanic lithospheric mantle in the SCS has minor variation in both density and temperature, which contrasts with typical plume-ridge interaction signatures. Consequently, it is less likely the plume upwelled to the shallower part and interacted with the oceanic lithosphere. Instead, the affection of the Hainan plume is driven by deep mantle processes.
Effects of Winglet Cant Angle on Wing Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics: A Parametric Study
Authors: Vaezi Erfan , Madani S. Amirreza S. , Keshmiri Amir
Published: November 2024

The use of winglet devices is an efficient technique for enhancing aerodynamic performance. This study investigates the effects of winglet cant angles on both the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of a commercial wing, comparing them to other significant parameters using a data-driven approach. A Full Factorial Design method is employed to generate a matrix of experiments, facilitating a detailed exploration of flow physics, with lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) and the integral of Acoustic Power Level (APL) as the primary representatives of aerodynamic and acoustic performance, respectively. The RANS formulation, along with the k−ϵ Realizable model and the Broadband Noise Source (BNS) model, are utilized to accurately simulate subsonic flows numerically. The study begins by examining the pressure coefficient (Cp) and APL distributions at various cant angles near the wingtip and root areas. The matrix of experiments is then analyzed to identify the most influential parameters based on the main effects of inputs and their two-way interactions. The results demonstrate that variations in winglet cant angle significantly alter the distribution of Cp and APL along the span, particularly near the wingtip, and that cant angle strongly impacts overall performance, at times even outweighing atmospheric parameters such as pressure and temperature.
Unpacking the Cost Implications of Diagnosis-Related Groups Reform for Lumbar Disc Herniation Patients in Chinese Medicine: A Closer Look at Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Mengen , Wang Yuhan , Yu Jing , Xia Shiji , Zhang Xiaoxi , Wang Yan , Yuan Youshu , Jia Xuan , Sun Henong , Wu Guoping , Wang Jiayi , Cong Tianzhen , Kong Fanxin , Hou Haojia , Yang Jingyu , Wang Zhiwei
Published: November 2024

Background
Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) presents a significant economic burden globally, worsening in China due to an aging population. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers effective treatment options for LDH, making its integration with Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG) payment reform crucial for reducing medical costs and enhancing healthcare quality.
Methods
We analyzed data from hospitalized patients at Qingyang City Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Province, from 2017 to 2022. Univariate analysis was conducted to examine changes in patient demographics before and after the DRG reform. A single group interrupted-time series (ITS) model was used to compare key indicators of medical costs and length of stay pre- and post-reform.
Results
A total of 2,857 LDH patients were included in the study. Pre-DRG reform, 1,294 patients were recorded, with males comprising 46.06% and a mean age (SD) of 58.29(14.22) years. Post-DRG reform, 1,563 patients were observed, with males accounting for 40.88% and a mean age (SD) of 60.64 (14.25) years. No significant differences were found in nationality, marital status, use of Chinese medicine diagnostic and therapeutic equipment, use of Chinese medicine diagnostic and treatment techniques or diagnosis and treatment based on Chinese medicine evidence (P>0.05). However, significant differences were noted in sex, age, visit times, admission pathways, admission disease status, complications and comorbidities, and surgeries and operations (P<0.05). Post-reform, average monthly hospitalization cost decreased by CNY 36.78 (β1+β3=-36.78, P<0.05), Chinese medicine cost fell by CNY 8.87 (β1+β3=-8.87, P<0.05), and Western medicine cost dropped by CNY 31.68 (β1+β3=-31.68, P<0.05). While the rising trend in diagnosis cost was curtailed, both medical services cost and TCM treatment cost increased, with the length of stay remaining stable.
Conclusions
The DRG reform is associated with lower hospitalization cost and reduced costs for both Chinese medicine and Western medicine. However, its impact on overall medical services cost, diagnosis cost, TCM treatment cost, and length of stay is limited. Future DRG reform should leverage the distinctive advantages of TCM, enhance the payment system, improve treatment outcomes, and further reduce healthcare costs while shortening hospitalization times.
Serological evidence for Circulation of Dengue and Chikungunya antibodies in febrile patients in Mbeya Region, Tanzania
Authors: Salekwa Linda Peniel
Published: November 2024

Background
Dengue virus and Chikungunya virus caused fever outbreaks have been repeatedly reported in Tanzania, the major being those of 2014 and 2019 which mostly affected the coastal areas. Despite the health risks posed by these viruses to humans, there is insufficient surveillance systems of these mosquito-spread viruses in most areas. Consequently, less is known on the role played by these viruses in causing febrile illness in humans in areas with high mosquito population in Tanzania. However, studies have confirmed the circulation of various species of mosquitoes including Culex spp, Anopheles spp, Aedes spp and Mansonia spp in the area. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the presence of acute antibodies (IgM) against DENV and CHIKV in febrile patients visiting healthcare centers in Mbeya, Tanzania.
Methods
Blood samples were collected from febrile patients visited district hospitals particularly; Chunya, Kyela, Mbarali and Rungwe between September 2022 and August 2023. The study included only samples that were negative for malaria rapid test (mRDT). Serum separation was performed at 1,500 RCF for 10 minutes there after analyzed for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies using the EUROIMMUN kits for IgM and IgG as per manufacture protocols. Statistical analysis were performed using chi square test to study the variation between variables in this study.
Results
A total of 740 samples were collected from the study area; Mbarali (129), Chunya (159), Rungwe (170) and Kyela (282). An overall IgM seroprevalence obtained was 7.9% and 6.5% (N = 740) for DENV and CHKV respectively. Of the four districts involved, the highest CHKV IgM seroprevalence was detected in Rungwe (10%), followed by Kyela (6.4%), Chunya (6.3%) and lastly Mbarali (2.3%). Similarly, the highest DENV IgM seroprevalence was identified in Rungwe (10.6%), Kyela (8.2%), Chunya (6.9%) and lastly Mbarali (5.4%). None of the samples were positive for Rift Valley Fever (RVF) IgM ELISA. There was no significant difference in dengue IgM and IgG seropositivity among districts under study (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion
Following the patient’s history, none of the doctor’s prescriptions predicted these viruses as the causative agents of the febrile fevers to all the patients that tested positive for arbovirus. This study therefore confirms the unpredicted but significant role played by DENV and CHKV in the causing febrile fevers which are symptomatically misdiagnosed as malaria and other bacterial infections in the study area.
Unlocking ABA's role in rice cold tolerance: Insights from Zhonghua 11 and Kasalath
Authors: Li Wenyu , Lou Xin , Wang Zhijun , Zhang Di , Li Lingling , Ding Xiaoping , Cheng Gongye , Nie Weiying , Li Zhilin , Yu Jianghui , He Jiwai , Ye Nenghui , Yuan Dingyang , Duan Meijuan , Liu Citao
Published: November 2024

Cold stress limits rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in cooler climates. This study uncovers how abscisic acid (ABA) signaling enhances cold tolerance in the rice variety Zhonghua 11 (ZH11) compared to the cold-sensitive Kasalath. Under cold stress, ZH11 rapidly accumulates ABA through efficient regulation of key genes. The transcription factor OsWRKY71ZH11 represses the ABA catabolism gene OsABA8ox1 during early stress, enabling quick ABA accumulation. Additionally, OsbZIP73 regulates the ABA synthesis gene OsNCED5 to maintain ABA balance during prolonged stress. Transgenic ZH11 plants overexpressing OsWRKY71ZH11 exhibited enhanced cold tolerance, while overexpression of OsWRKY71Ka did not confer benefits. Haplotype analysis linked allelic variations in OsWRKY71 and OsNCED5 to differences in cold tolerance. Our findings highlight critical ABA signaling pathways that enhance cold tolerance in rice. Targeting these pathways offers promising strategies for breeding cold-resistant rice varieties, improving resilience in cold-prone regions.
Low peripheral blood B lymphocyte count predict poor outcome in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Zheng Zhongxin , Kang Qiaoxi , Cai Linjing , Zhang Shanshan , Chen Huan , Yuan Youhai , Zhang Hanzhen , Wei Xiaolei , Feng Ru , Wei Yongqiang
Published: November 2024

Previous evidence suggested that B lymphocyte may involve in the progression and prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM). However, the prognostic value of peripheral B lymphocyte counts on MM before and after treatment in the novel agent era was rare reported. Herein, we conducted a retrospective study in our center to detect peripheral B lymphocyte counts by flow cytometry in 110 patients with MM at our center and explore the relation with survival. The B lymphocyte count was significantly lower in MM patients than healthy controls (p < 0.005). The cutoff value of B lymphocyte count at diagnosis was 49/µl in MM and 94 patients divided into in high B lymphocyte group. Patients with low B lymphocyte count had a significant shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.025) and a trend of unfavorable overall survival (OS) (p = 0.053) at diagnosis and after 4 cycles’ induction treatments. Furthermore, Multivariate analysis showed that low B lymphocyte count at diagnosis independent of ISS stage was a significantly inferior marker for predicting PFS (p = 0.027, hazard ratio(HR) 2.281, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.098–4.741) and a trend for OS (p = 0.083, HR 2.394, 95% CI 0.896–6.160). In summary, these results suggested the low B lymphocyte count was associated with poor outcome in MM patients at diagnosis and after treatment in the novel agent era.
Effect of Personalized Exercise Therapy on Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Achieved Remission or Low Disease Activity and Began Tapering a Molecular Targeted Therapy: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Yamada Shinsuke , Onishi Akira , Imai Takumi , Uozumi Ryuji , Yamada Hirotaka , Hata Kenichiro , Son Yonsu , Ebina Kosuke , Okita Yasutaka , Hara Ryota , Watanabe Ryu , Okano Tadashi , Katayama Masaki , Yamamoto Wataru , Oshima Yohei , Tanaka Hiroki , Arai Hidenori , Hashimoto Motomu
Published: November 2024

Background
Exercise therapy (ET) has an anti-inflammatory effect; however, excessive overload can exacerbate joint inflammation. This study aimed to explore the effect of personalized ET on disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have achieved remission or low disease activity (LDA) and begun tapering molecular targeted therapy (TT).
Methods
In a multicenter, randomized controlled pilot study, patients who started TT tapering after achieving remission or LDA were enrolled. The intervention group was instructed to follow a personalized ET in addition to usual care. The control group received only usual care. The primary outcome was DAS28-ESR at week 16.
Results
A total of 32 patients were allocated into the two groups. The difference in the least-squares mean change in DAS28-ESR at week 16 from baseline between the two groups (intervention minus control) was 0.40 points (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.09 to 0.88; p = 0.104). The proportion of patients who retained remission or LDA tended to be lower in the intervention group than in the control group (75.0% vs. 86.7%; difference, -11.7% (95% CI, -38.0 to 17.0; p = 0.411).
Conclusion
ET may not help maintain remission or LDA for patients initiating TT tapering. Further studies are necessary to take advantage of the “anti-inflammatory effect” of ETs in RA treatment.
Trial registration
The study protocol was registered at UMINCTR (registration number UMIN000049223, https//www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/indexj.htm) on October 17, 2022, prior to enrollment of the first participants.
Tumour Distribution and Characteristics Associated with Poor Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Sporadic Spinal Schwannomas
Authors: Yoshida Shinsuke , Suzuki Takaaki , Tanabe Masayuki , Saita Kazuo
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Spinal schwannomas are benign tumours that can compress the spinal cord or nerve roots, causing neurological symptoms. Despite successful surgical resection, some patients experience suboptimal functional recovery. Several risk factors for poor prognosis have been identified, but limited research has explored the influence of tumour distribution and characteristics. In this study, we aimed to identify prognostic variables associated with poor postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgical resection for sporadic spinal schwannomas.
Methods
Clinical and radiological data of consecutive patients who underwent surgery for spinal schwannomas at Saitama Medical Center between January 2010 and March 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 or foraminal and paravertebral schwannomas were excluded. Data collected included patient demographics, radiological features, and surgical complications. Poor functional outcome was defined as scoring a Modified McCormick scale grade of II–V, persistent spinal pain, or bladder/bowel dysfunction.
Results
Gross total resection was achieved in 55 cases (76.4%). Postoperative complications occurred in 6 cases (8.3%), including cerebrospinal fluid fistula and vascular injury. At a median follow-up of 26.4 months, 20 patients (27.8%) had poor functional outcomes. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression identified thoracic spine involvement (odds ratio [OR], 4.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42–17.0; p=0.01) and intracanal tumours (OR, 6.77; 95% CI, 1.11–130; p=0.04) as significant risk factors for poor functional outcomes. Moreover, thoracic spinal schwannomas were associated with a significantly higher incidence of persistent postoperative spinal pain than cervical or lumbosacral tumours (p=0.001).
Conclusions
Thoracic spine involvement and intracanal tumours were identified as significant risk factors for poor functional outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment for spinal schwannomas. Consideration of tumour distribution and characteristics plays an important role in refining preoperative assessments, promoting strategic decision-making, and fostering improved surgical management for optimal patient prognosis.