bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conquering Alzheimer's Disease by Self Treatment
Authors: McGeer Patrick L.  , McGeer Edith
Published: February 2025

The means are now at hand to conquer Alzheimer's disease (AD). The method is to identify those at risk for the disease before clinical signs develop. That is followed by implementing measures that can effectively prevent disease development. Since biotechnology markers have shown that AD commences at least a decade before cognitive deficits set in, there is an extended window of opportunity to successfully prevent disease development. Methods of identifying those at risk include positron electron microscopy for AD senile plaques, blood or saliva analysis for elevation of the amyloid-β protein fragment terminating at position 42, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showing a decrease in content of this protein. Of the modalities available, saliva is by far the simplest and least invasive. Once identified, those at risk can prevent disease development through self treatment by consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, adhering to a Mediterranean diet, and consuming antioxidants such as quercitin which is contained in coffee.
Past to Future: What Animal Models Have Taught Us About Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Martini Alessandra C.  , Forner Stefania  , Trujillo-Estrada Laura  , Baglietto-Vargas David  , LaFerla Frank M.
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs memory and causes significant cognitive deficits. The disease course is prolonged, with a poor prognosis, and thus exacts an enormous economic and social burden. Over the past two decades, genetically engineered mouse models have proven indispensable for understanding AD pathogenesis, as well as for discovering new therapeutic targets. Here we highlight significant studies from our laboratory that have helped advance the AD field by elucidating key pathogenic processes operative in AD and exploring a variety of aspects of the disease which may yield novel therapeutic strategies for combatting this burdensome disease.
The End of the Beginning of the Alzheimer's Disease Nightmare: A Devil's Advocate's View
Authors: Wimo Anders
Published: February 2025

Although there have been so many failures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) modifying trials, there are still many compounds in the pipeline and the hope still remains that the entrance of disease-modifying treatment (DMT) for AD will positively and dramatically change the whole situation of AD treatment. However, if DMT does enter the market, it will be the beginning of a great number of challenges and problems. The current infrastructure for diagnostics of early (pre-dementia) AD does not have the capacity to meet the demands and expectations of the population. Neither is there capacity for treatment monitoring and follow-ups. If screening is considered, there will be a great risk for false positive cases and a great number of people who will have to undergo diagnostics. There will be high costs for diagnostics and treatment initially, while potential benefits will occur much later in other sectors than where the payers for treatment are. Although there are great hopes that prevention of cardiovascular risk factors and changes in lifestyle might impact the risk for dementia, there is still no consensus that this is the case. Finally, the relevance of different AD paradigms such as amyloid and tau is still a matter of discussion, particularly regarding the oldest old.
Revolution of Alzheimer Precision Neurology. Passageway of Systems Biology and Neurophysiology
Authors: Hampel Harald  , Toschi Nicola  , Babiloni Claudio  , Baldacci Filippo  , Black Keith L.  , Bokde Arun L.W.  , Bun René S.  , Cacciola Francesco  , Cavedo Enrica  , Chiesa Patrizia A.  , Colliot Olivier  , Coman Cristina-Maria  , Dubois Bruno  , Duggento Andrea  , Durrleman Stanley  , Ferretti Maria-Teresa  , George Nathalie  , Genthon Remy  , Habert Marie-Odile  , Herholz Karl  , Koronyo Yosef  , Koronyo-Hamaoui Maya  , Lamari Foudil  , Langevin Todd  , Lehéricy Stéphane  , Lorenceau Jean  , Neri Christian  , Nisticò Robert  , Nyasse-Messene Francis  , Ritchie Craig  , Rossi Simone  , Santarnecchi Emiliano  , Sporns Olaf  , Verdooner Steven R.  , Vergallo Andrea  , Villain Nicolas  , Younesi Erfan  , Garaci Francesco  , Lista Simone
Published: February 2025

The Precision Neurology development process implements systems theory with system biology and neurophysiology in a parallel, bidirectional research path: a combined hypothesis-driven investigation of systems dysfunction within distinct molecular, cellular, and large-scale neural network systems in both animal models as well as through tests for the usefulness of these candidate dynamic systems biomarkers in different diseases and subgroups at different stages of pathophysiological progression. This translational research path is paralleled by an “omics”-based, hypothesis-free, exploratory research pathway, which will collect multimodal data from progressing asymptomatic, preclinical, and clinical neurodegenerative disease (ND) populations, within the wide continuous biological and clinical spectrum of ND, applying high-throughput and high-content technologies combined with powerful computational and statistical modeling tools, aimed at identifying novel dysfunctional systems and predictive marker signatures associated with ND. The goals are to identify common biological denominators or differentiating classifiers across the continuum of ND during detectable stages of pathophysiological progression, characterize systems-based intermediate endophenotypes, validate multi-modal novel diagnostic systems biomarkers, and advance clinical intervention trial designs by utilizing systems-based intermediate endophenotypes and candidate surrogate markers. Achieving these goals is key to the ultimate development of early and effective individualized treatment of ND, such as Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative (APMI) and cohort program (APMI-CP), as well as the Paris based core of the Sorbonne University Clinical Research Group “Alzheimer Precision Medicine” (GRC-APM) were recently launched to facilitate the passageway from conventional clinical diagnostic and drug development toward breakthrough innovation based on the investigation of the comprehensive biological nature of aging individuals. The APMI movement is gaining momentum to systematically apply both systems neurophysiology and systems biology in exploratory translational neuroscience research on ND.
Perspectives on Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease and Predictions of Future Research Emphases
Authors: Butterfield D. Allan
Published: February 2025

Oxidative stress, an overproduction of free radicals or a diminution of free radical scavenging ability relative to those of cognitively aged-matched controls, is widely recognized as a critical component of the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This recognition arose in significant part from the work in the author's laboratory, complemented by research from others' laboratories. The Butterfield laboratory discovered the oxidative stress associated with oligomeric amyloid-β peptide manifested primarily as elevated oxidative modification of proteins and peroxidation of lipids. Such oxidative damage caused neuronal death, which undoubtedly underlies the progressive loss of cognition in AD. Identification of specific oxidatively modified brain proteins in subjects with AD or amnestic mild cognitive impairment was achieved by the methods of redox proteomics, pioneered in the author's laboratory. The importance and significance of the research emanating from the Butterfield laboratory rest on the paradigm shift of thinking regarding the roles of oxidative stress and resulting damage to key proteins and biochemical pathways in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. Predictions of future research directions also are presented. Given the enormous financial and personal burden placed upon citizens (and governments) of the US from AD, and the surety that the number of AD patients will greatly increase over the next 20–30 years, greater understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis and progression of AD is essential. Our laboratory is privileged to have contributed to better understanding of AD and provided rationales to identify effective therapeutic targets for this devastating dementing disorder.
Introduction and Patent Analysis of Signal Processing for Big Data
Authors: Eslami Mohammad  , Hajihoseini Gazestani Amirhosein  , Ghorashi Seyed Ali
Published: February 2025

Big data is rapidly considered in different scientific domains, industries and business methods. Considering the concept of Internet of Things, big data is generated by everything around us continuously, and therefore, dealing with big data and its challenges are important and requires new thinking strategies and also techniques. Signal processing is one of the solutions that is utilized with big data in most scientific fields. This paper gives a brief introductory preview of the subjects included in this area and describes some of challenges and tactics. In order to show the rapid growth of attentions in signal processing for big data, a statistical analysis on corresponding patents is considered as well.
Autonomous Task Scheduling for Fast Big Data Processing
Authors: Jalalian Zahra  , Sharifi Mohsen
Published: February 2025

Today a huge amount of diverse data is produced very fast by various sources like sensors, social networks, stock markets, electronic businesses every second. This gives rise to the era of big data. Almost all data have valuable information that can be earned by processing of data. Some data have short lifetime and lose their value fast. Besides, processing of large volumes of data is a big challenge. One solution for handling of such data is distributed and fast parallel processing. A set of clusters consisting of heterogeneous compute nodes can be used for distributed parallel processing. In such a big system, allocating suitable big data and tasks to the compute nodes play an important role. Since different tasks for processing of various data might have different requirements, the main goal of an autonomous task scheduler is to allocate tasks to appropriate compute nodes for fast big data processing. In this paper, we propose a novel autonomous task scheduler for fast processing of big data on a given cluster with heterogeneous compute nodes. We use Spark as our data processing framework alongside Mesos as a cluster manager that provides efficient resource isolation and sharing across distributed applications and frameworks. We discuss how our scheduler tackles the notable challenges in the way of fast processing of big data on the configured heterogeneous cluster.
Knowledge Management in a Dynamic Manufacturing Context: A Case Study
Authors: Sousa Sérgio Dinis  , Nunes Eusébio Pinto  , Silva Ronildo Souza
Published: February 2025

Continuous improvement or just improvement is a necessity for companies in a dynamic environment. To be more competitive companies must adapt to the changing internal and external environment. To adapt implies making decisions and taking actions in an informed way. Assuming that Knowledge is widespread over the company, companies may develop knowledge management systems (KMS) to capture and disseminate knowledge, but there is not a universal set of requirements to do it. This paper shows, through a case study, a methodology to manage knowledge developed by a renowned manufacturer of electronic products. In this company, it is studied the impact of process improvement on management practices and collaborators behavior. The development of a KMS, in a dynamic context, is discussed and assessed through a survey. The features of this system allow us to consider it as a KMS. The KMS leverages the use of collaborative tools and supports the verified performance improvements.
Dealing with Data and Software Interoperability Issues in Digital Factories
Authors: Bicocchi Nicola  , Cabri Giacomo  , Mandreoli Federica  , Mecella Massimo
Published: February 2025

The digital factory paradigm comprises a multi-layered integration of the information related to various activities along the factory and product lifecycle manufacturing related resources. A central aspect of a digital factory is that of enabling the product lifecycle stakeholders to collaborate through the use of software solutions. The digital factory thus expands outside the actual company boundaries and offers the opportunity for the business and its suppliers to collaborate on business processes that affect the whole supply chain. This paper discusses an interoperability architecture for digital factories. To this end, it delves into the issue by analysing the main challenges that must be addressed to support an integrated and scalable factory architecture characterized by access to services, aggregation of data, and orchestration of production processes. Then, it revises the state of the art in the light of these requirements and proposes a general architectural framework conjugating the most interesting features of service-oriented architectures and data sharing architectures. The study is exemplified through a case study.
Systemic Approach to Identifying Misuses of Physiotherapeutic Devices
Authors: Jezierska-Krupa Katarzyna  , Skarka Wojciech
Published: February 2025

Nowadays it became impossible to talk about device related hazards, unless we consider a whole system in which the device is used. Complexity of modern devices makes it crucial to analyze not only their usability and reliability, but also the way they interact with environment. This includes how they support operators in performing their tasks correctly or minimize the adverse results of tasks performed incorrectly - misuses. It is particularly crucial for physiotherapeutic engineering domain, where most accidents and device incorrect use or error usually imply that patient's health is at risk. To thoroughly analyze the results of using physiotherapeutic devices, one needs to consider not only the device design itself but also whole range of human and environmental factors that influence the course of the device usage. Presented in this article approach is an attempt of developing a systematic model to identify misuses of physiotherapeutic devices application.
Hardware Trojans and Smart Manufacturing – A Hardware Security Perspective
Authors: Aslam Sohaib  , Samie Mohammad  , Jennions Ian K.
Published: February 2025

Integrated Circuits (ICs) are the cardinal elements of modern electrical, electronic and electro-mechanical systems. Amid global outsourcing of ICs' design and fabrication and their growing applications in smart manufacturing or Industrie 4.0, various hardware security threats and issues of trust have also emerged. IC piracy, counterfeiting, and hardware Trojans (HTs) are some of the key hardware threats that merit the attention of manufacturing community. It is worth noting that the lower abstraction levels (ICs) are falsely assumed to operate securely. The proposition, therefore, is that if an operating system (higher abstraction level) is considered to be secure while operating on a compromised IC (lower abstraction level), would it be prudent to regard this implementation as secure? The purpose of this paper is to highlight IC level threats with an emphasis on hardware Trojans that pose a significant threat to smart manufacturing environment in the wake of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).
Vision of the Future Cooperation Between the Republic of Moldova and NATO
Authors: Munteanu Igor
Published: February 2025

NATO supports a stable, secure and democratic Moldova. On several occasions, high-level NATO officials reiterated the Alliance's full commitment to assist the country's efforts to reform its defence and security structures and institutions. Moldova's cooperation with NATO is expanding into several fields of mutual interest, including through Moldova's contribution to the NATO-led PKO (Peace-Keeping Operation) in Kosovo (KFOR). Cooperation with NATO is being conducted through a complicated regional and global conundrum of trends. Moldova is directly affected by an aggressive power-politics played by Moscow in Eastern Europe, where it attempts to dominate its neighbours, their weakness being of essential strategic relevance to the Russian national security and ambitions to restore its great power status, in other words, to privatize Eastern Europe for its own plan. Also, its narrative is to present the West as impotent, unable to react to the challenges of the situation, to show Europe as a decaying order, and build up on the “balance of powers” logic, challenging the unity of the Western key-institutions, taking stock of every institutional gridlock, any possible weakness that is turned into political instrument. So, if the Max Program for Russia is to create a ring of clientele states at the frontier with the EU/NATO, heavily influenced by its views, interests and networks, the Min Program is to keep its neighbours into a ring of dysfunctional states, sapped by corruption, conflicts and disorder, unable to reform or join NATO and EU.
Assessment of the Risk and Vulnerability of Financing Terrorism. The Case of FY Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Dimovski Zlate
Published: February 2025

Organized crime groups need to make lots of effort to legalize money coming out of crimes, and to introduce it into the financial system. Terrorist groups, instead, do not have this problem, because they spend it on acquiring weapons, equipment, food, clothes, trainings, materials and means for preparing and carrying out attacks. In the banking sector and financial institutions, those risks need to be assessed in the national bank, private banks, credit unions, brokers, investment bankers, monetary exchange (checks, telegraphic money transfer, etc.), credit checks, pawnbrokers, lending companies, telegraph companies, real estate companies, and more. Part of this work concerns currencies, coins, bank checks, bank notes, traveler's checks, cash payments, etc. … Inability to prevent and fight against terrorism financing stems from the connections of criminals, whether terrorists or not, with authorities on a national, religious, ideological or compromising basis. They corrupt public officials and apply various forms of pressure, retaliation, punishment, such as murder, intimidation, threats, kidnappings, … The vulnerability of any national system is aggravated by the extension of informal economy, its weakness in international cooperation on criminal cases and seizure of property, the lack of transparency of the State and of public and legal subjects. Vulnerability of the financial sector is enhanced by possibilities offered by accountants. FY Republic of Macedonia should reinforce its State structures and provisions in limiting informal economy, through the strengthening of its international cooperation in criminal cases, its system of penalties, the enforcement of orders for seizure of property, the capacities of judges and prosecutors, and the transparency of legal entities. Globally, assessment indicates a medium-low level of capacity of the FY Republic of MacedoniaTurkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name (this note applies to any mention of the name FY Republic of Macedonia in this document).
The Innovation of Special Coating for Defence of Information Leak and Radio Activated Blasting in Case of Critical Infrastructure Buildings
Authors: Nyikes Zoltán  , Kovács Tünde Anna
Published: February 2025

The changed geopolitical situation, terrorist attacks, and innovation of informatics systems caused a pressing challenge for the world. Defence forces during asymmetric operation have new enemies who use urbanization affected advantages [1]. Defence of formerly building public facilities, support of staff and clients also to the defence of system apparatus tasks' needs a hinder solution for information security damage and assurance of the TEMPEST defence [2]. It is important to prohibit any opportunity of a radio impulse activated by an explosion in a building (Improvised Explosive Device IED). Radio wave transfer decrease or isolation can be solved by a special wall on the base on the Faraday cage. This is the best solution for using a metal coating on the wall. These composites can be built from metal foams or composite metal foams. The coating can also be built from polymer base metal parts. Numerous kinds of composites can be constructed, but the requirements are rigorous. The innovated material needs to be fire resistant and splinter-proof. The tests of these materials also need a special method to simulate and model special stress and special radiation effects. Nowadays, living in the information technology age, the possession of information is the power of living and working safely in our countries and knowing our virtual goods are secured against terrorists and enemies. Its assurance is a big challenge and it needs a lot of innovation supported by cyber and material science.
Improvised Explosive Devices and Charge Size Estimation
Authors: Ivančo Matúš  , Figuli Lucia
Published: February 2025

The aim of the paper is to provide an expert opinion on the issue of improvised explosive devices, their characterisation, classification, and construction. Their explosive effect is described in the next step. Major part of the paper is focused on the proposed methodology for estimation of explosive charge size, which was used in terrorist attack. The methodology is based on the analysis of a damage level of buildings in the surrounding of the explosion. On the base of a damage level of buildings, the weight and type of the used explosive is estimated.
Mining Public Voices: Analyzing Suicide-Related Thoughts and Behaviors in YouTube Videos and Comments Using Topic Modeling
Authors: Shin Hwayeon Danielle , Lee Jaejun , Kassam Iman , Guccini Federica
Published: February 2025

YouTube has become a common platform for sharing difficult experiences and sensitive information, including suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. This study analyzes YouTube videos and their comments using topic modeling to explore the common themes discussed within the online community. Our findings show that these videos and comments not only focus on personal stories but also provide encouragement and healthcare-related information, highlighting social media’s role in health promotion and peer support. Given that millions of people use various social media platforms to discuss a wide range of topics, these platforms serve as a rich source of data. As such, YouTube videos and comments offer health services researchers a valuable source of public opinion data, providing insights into societal attitudes and perceptions that may differ from those collected through traditional research methods.
Embracing the Messiness: Reflections on Co-Desiging the Co-Design of a Patient Journey Dashboard
Authors: Shen Nelson , Hiebert Melissa , Apilado Alex , Campbell Bart , Guo Ivy , van Kesteren Mary Rose , Matan-Lithwick Stuart , Munro Charlotte , Narajos Aloha , Rosenmann Renée , Santisteban Jose Arturo , Hassan Masooma , Rotenberg David
Published: February 2025

Co-design is an increasingly adopted approach in digital health to develop innovations that are more relevant and effective. Engaging people with lived/living experience at the outset is often recommended to maximize the value of co-design. This paper reports on the co-design of the co-design of a Patient Journey Dashboard—an approach where both the co-design process and dashboard are co-designed with patient partners from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. There were challenges navigating the process at first; however, collectively embracing the messiness allowed for a meaningful engagement experience.
Arte e Criatividade: olhares e processos
Authors: Pedrosa Vasconcelos Flávia , Pelayo Raquel
Published: February 2025

Pensando nas discussões atuais em que nos confrontamos com conceitos e contextos muito diversos, atentamos para a necessidade de um diálogo que traga autores e suas reflexões em Criatividade e Experiência. Este livro pretende possibilitar um olhar ampliado para a Arte Contemporânea e para a formação de artistas e arte/educadores. Busca-se um olhar que vá do local ao global e vice-versa, cientes de que seria muito bom poder rever e re(a)ver nossos encontros por meio dessa construção num material científico que converse com nossas formações, pesquisas e aprofundamentos perante a complexidade de que este fenômeno se reveste e a produção de significados que as Artes Visuais dão acesso.
Vision-Language In-Context Learning Driven Few-Shot Visual Inspection Model
Authors: Ueno Shiryu , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Nakatsuka Shunsuke , Yamada Yusei , Aizawa Hiroaki
Published: February 2025

We propose general visual inspection model using Vision-Language Model (VLM) with few-shot images of non-defective or defective products, along with explanatory texts that serve as inspection criteria. Although existing VLM exhibit high performance across various tasks, they are not trained on specific tasks such as visual inspection. Thus, we construct a dataset consisting of diverse images of non-defective and defective products collected from the web, along with unified formatted output text, and fine-tune VLM. For new products, our method employs In-Context Learning, which allows the model to perform inspections with an example of non-defective or defective image and the corresponding explanatory texts with visual prompts. This approach eliminates the need to collect a large number of training samples and re-train the model for each product. The experimental results show that our method achieves high performance, with MCC of 0.804 and F1-score of 0.950 on MVTec AD in a one-shot manner. Our code is available at https://github.com/ia-gu/Vision-Language-In-Context-Learning-Driven-Few-Shot-Visual-Inspection-Model.
The Contentious Origins of SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review of Current Knowledge
Authors: Domingo Jose L
Published: February 2025

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 triggered a global pandemic (COVID-19) that has claimed millions of lives and continues to impact public health systems worldwide. This review examines current scientific evidence regarding the virus's origins, focusing on two primary hypotheses: zoonotic spillover and laboratory-related emergence. A comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed literature primarily published between December 2023 and January 2025 was conducted, identifying relevant studies through searches of the PubMed and Scopus databases. Key earlier publications are also included to provide essential background and context. The analysis revealed strong phylogenetic evidence supporting a natural zoonotic origin, with several studies indicating close genetic relationships to bat coronaviruses. Environmental sampling data from the Huanan Seafood Market detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a high number of environmental samples from animal stalls. While the preponderance of evidence supports natural zoonotic spillover, the absence of a definitively identified intermediate host maintains some uncertainty. This review concludes with evidence-based recommendations for enhanced viral surveillance, implementation of One Health approaches, and strengthened international collaboration frameworks to prevent future coronavirus pandemics.
CHD3 Regulates BMP Signalling Response During Cranial Neural Crest Cell Specification
Authors: Claassen Willemijn , Demurtas Martina , Campeau Philippe , Liu Karen , Fisher Simon E. , Trizzino Marco
Published: February 2025

CHD3 is a component of the NuRD chromatin remodeling complex. Pathogenic _CHD3_ variants cause Snijders Blok-Campeau Syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder with variable features including developmental delays, intellectual disability, speech/language difficulties, and craniofacial anomalies. To unveil the role of CHD3 in craniofacial development, we differentiated _CHD3_-KO induced pluripotent stem cells into cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs). CHD3 expression is low in wild-type iPSCs and neuroectoderm, but upregulated during CNCC specification, where it opens the chromatin at BMP-responsive enhancers, to allow binding of DLX5 and other factors. CHD3 loss leads to repression of BMP target genes and an imbalance between BMP and Wnt signalling, ultimately resulting in aberrant mesodermal fate. Consequently, CNCC specification fails, replaced by early-mesoderm identity, which can be partially rescued by titrating Wnt levels. Our findings highlight a novel role for CHD3 as a pivotal regulator of BMP signalling, essential for proper neural crest specification and craniofacial development.
Didactic and methodical support for overcoming learning losses in lower secondary education
Authors:   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Alieksieienko T , Petruk O ,   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Baranovska O ,   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Lipchevska I ,   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Pavlova T ,   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine
Published: February 2025

The methodological recommendations include: conceptual ideas for measuring learning losses; original contributions such as a comprehensive diagnostic toolkit for four target groups, a classification of learning losses among students in lower secondary education, and mechanisms for addressing these losses, developed in accordance with the results obtained from post-test diagnostics using digital technologies. Additionally, the publication presents analytical materials from a large-scale survey involving 105,646 respondents, including school principals, teachers, students in grades 5–9, and their parents.
These recommendations are intended for principals of lower secondary education institutions, teachers, and faculty members in postgraduate education. They may also be of interest to researchers and other education professionals investigating learning losses among secondary school students and strategies for their mitigation or elimination. The illustrative materials from the study may only be used with proper attribution to the authors and the original source.
Synthesis and application of ZnO/rGo-based magnetic nanocomposite materials for treatment of organic pigments
Authors: Nguyen Duy Khac , Nguyen Thanh Van , Doan Tram Thi , Pham Tuan van , Nguyen Tuan Thanh , Pham Anh Ngoc , Uong Ha Thi Ngoc , Bui Thuy Thi Le
Published: February 2025

The superFGD (sFGD), a scintillator detector, has been chosen as the target for neutrino in the T2K near detector upgrade. Its design enables nearly 4π coverage for neutrino interactions, leading to lower energy thresholds and reduced systematic errors in the experiment. The sFGD is assembled of optically-isolated scintillators measuring 1 × 1 × 1 cm3, it ensures the nessary spatial and energy resolution to minimize uncertainties in future T2K runs. With close to two million cubes assembled into a volumn of 1920 × 560 × 1840 mm3, the sFGD is a significant advencement. A prototypeconsisting of 4×4×3 cubes was studied using cosmic rays. The sFGD prototype, consisting of 48 cubes, was instrumented. We also present the results of the GEANT4 simulation of this prototype. Cosmic ray muon tracks crossing this prototype were simulated by the CRY generator. The results on angular distribution and energy deposition are studied at Tokai (36°27'42.8’N 140°35'57.7’E) and are presented in this paper.
The Visible light-driven activation of peroxymonosulfate for boosting tetracycline degradation using B-doped g-C3N4 nanotubes
Authors:   Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen City, Viet Nam, NGUYEN THUY GIANG ,   Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen City, Viet Nam, NGUYEN DUY HAI ,   Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen City, Viet Nam, PHAN DINH QUANG ,   Vietnam National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 99 Tran Quoc Toan, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam, VU HOANG HUONG ,   Vietnam National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 99 Tran Quoc Toan, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam, NGUYEN VIET HUNG ,   Vietnam Academy for Ethnic Minorities, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam, NGUYEN MANH DUNG ,   Research Institute for Natural Resources and Climate Change, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
Published: February 2025

Using photocatalysis to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under visible light is an intriguing possibility for removing contaminants from wastewater. Since its discovery as a powerful photocatalyst, g-C3N4 has attracted the interest of researchers due to its ability to activate PMS for removal of organic contaminants. In this study, we report the preparation of boron-doped g-C3N4 nanotubes (1DBCN) produced through a simple calcination technique that effectively photodegraded tetracycline (TC) with PMS activators under visible light. 1DBCN exhibits 99% of TC using a catalyst of 0.5 g/L and 0.3 mM PMS at pH 7 within 30 minutes. Moreover, the study extensively analyzed the effect of PMS concentration and proposed a potential reaction mechanism. The introduction of B in graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) nanotubes reduces the band gap and broadens the visible light absorption range. The combined unique nanotube morphology and doping contributed to the exceptional photocatalytic performance exhibited by the synthesized photocatalyst nanotubes. Overall, this research contributes to the development of advanced oxidation processes and sustainable water treatment technologies by utilizing visible-light-driven photocatalysis for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater.
Distribution of drug resistance genes and clinical characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the University Medical Center at Ho Chi Minh City
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Diep Duong Thi Hong , Phung Cao Thi ,   Quang Ngai Provincial General Hospital
Published: February 2025

Background: Infections resulting from A. baumannii in hospitals lead to numerous severe consequences as its antibiotic resistance, particularly to carbapenems, continues to rise. Given that resistance characteristics undergo constant changes due to mutations and gene transfer between species and strains, monitoring the real-time circulation of resistant strains is essential.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional method with analysis and experimentation were applied in this study. All strains of A. baumannii were isolated at the University Medical Center at Ho Chi Minh City from May 2020 to May 2021, then underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Real-time PCR was performed to identify resistance genes, including blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-58, and blaNDM-1. The patient’s information was collected by using the designated clinical research form.

Results: The study included 76 A. baumannii isolates. The resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem were 93.4%. Additionally, A. baumannii exhibited resistance to most of the other antibiotics investigated, with rates exceeding 80%. There was low resistance to Cefoperazone/sulbactam (6.1%) and colistin (5.3%). The distribution of resistance genes showed the prevalence of blaOXA-51 (100%), blaOXA-23 (88.2%), blaOXA-48 (43.4%), blaOXA-58 (2.6%), and blaNDM-1 (6.6%). The blaOXA-23 gene exhibited a statistically significant difference between carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii (CSAB) and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) (p < 0.001) and across different types of patient samples (p = 0.004). The distribution of the blaNDM-1 gene showed a statistically significant difference based on the clinical department sending the sample types (p = 0.029). There was a significant association between carbapenem resistance and the distribution of gene combinations (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The carbapenem resistance rate was 93.4% for imipenem and meropenem, while it was low for cefoperazone/sulbactam (6.1%) and colistin (5.3%). blaOXA-51 holds significant importance in the identification of A. baumannii bacteria, and blaOXA-23 (88.4%) plays a decisive role in carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii at this hospital.
Genome-wide analyses of mitochondrial DNA barcodes of Labeo chrysophekadion in Lower Mekong River basin
Authors:   The University of Da Nang-University of Science and Technology, Truong Oanh Thi ,   Nha Trang University, Tran Sang Quang ,   Nha Trang University, 02 Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam, Ngo Van Thai Bich ,   University of Science and Technology, The University of Danang, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Da Nang, Vietnam, Dang Binh Thuy ,   Nha Trang University, 02 Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
Published: February 2025

Background: The Labeo chrysophekadion is an economically important cyprinid that migrates short distances seasonally between the mainstream and floodplains of the Mekong River. However, wild populations are threatened by fishing pressure and environmental impacts. Genome-wide studies have been widely applied in molecular ecology to inform fisheries management. This study aimed to assemble and annotate the complete mitogenome from whole-genome restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data and use the assembled mitogenome to identify aligned mitogenome segments and investigate the population genetics of L. chrysophekadion in the lower Mekong Basin (LMB).

Methods: A total of 255 individuals were collected in the lower Mekong Basin. There were six sites on the Mekong mainstem (Paksan, Pakse-Lao PDR, Ubon Ratchathani-Thailand, Kratié-Cambodia, Dong Thap, An Giang-Vietnam), one site at the confluence of the Mekong and 3S Rivers (Stung Treng-Cambodia), and two sites on tributaries in the LMB: the Khan River, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR, and the Chi River, Roi Et, Thailand. High-quality sequence reads were identified and used to assemble, annotate, and visualize the mitogenome using the Mitoz toolkit. Following the RADbarcoder pipeline, aligned DNA segments were identified and used to estimate the genetic diversity and haplotype network.

Results: The complete mitogenome of L. chrysophekadion was 16,600 base pairs in length and exhibited a high identity of 99.8% to a previously published genome (accession number AP011199) derived from an individual fish in Kandal, Cambodia. This genome comprised 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region gene. When mapping individual sequence reads to the mitogenome, 757 bp were identified as the aligned mitogenome segment data. A total of 49 haplotypes from 247 individuals were detected, with a haplotype diversity of 0.849 (±0.014) and nucleotide diversity of 0.005 (±0.0008). High connectivity was detected among the sample populations, with three dominant common haplotypes shared among 8-9 populations. Additionally, nine haplotypes were shared by at least two populations, while 35 private haplotypes were distributed among all examined populations. This significant finding provides an overview of population structure, serving as a scientific basis for the conservation and management of aquatic resources.

Conclusion: This study provides information on the mitogenomic characteristics and spatial genetics of L. chrysophekadion in the LMB.
Peran Kelembagaan terhadap Peningkatan Kapasitas Petani Aren di Kabuaten Garut
Authors: Epul Saepul Ridwan , Adinasa Muhamad Nu’man
Published: February 2025

Sugar palm or kawung is one of the leading commodities in Garut Regency. The aim of this research is to analyze the role of institutions in increasing the capacity of sugar palm farmers in Garut Regency. The sampling technique in this research uses a purposive sampling technique, with the criteria that farmers have joined an institution, data collection techniques use the interview method through questionnaires and observation. The statistical analysis tool used in this research is Scoring. The results of the research can be concluded that the role of institutions in Garut Regency is still not effective and efficient. Institutional development in increasing farmer capacity requires several appropriate approaches so that the efforts carried out are effective and efficient. However, there are several things that have a positive impact with the role of institutions in increasing the capacity of farmers in Garut Regency. Sugar palm agribusiness will experience a very significant increase if there are efforts to encourage and strengthen institutions with sugar palm farmers.
Cognitive Behavioral Counseling to Overcome Anxiety Facing Exams: A Quasi-Experimental Study on SMA Negeri 2 Pagaden Students
Authors: Nuriah Siti , Adzroi Muhammad , Ahman Ahman , Fahriza Irfan , Septina Tea
Published: February 2025

This research aimed to produce cognitive behavioral counseling services which are effective to help students overcome anxiety in facing the exam. The research used a quantitative approach and quasi-experimental research design nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Pagaden with the first semester students were taken randomly as research subject. The research instrument that was used was Anxiety Scale in facing exam. The results showed empirically, a cognitive behavioral counseling intervention has proven effective to overcome anxiety in students
Effectiveness of Cognitive Restructuring Technique to Reduce Students' Verbal Aggression
Authors: Setyoningsih Yunita Dwi , Parwati Parwati , Distira Riski Putra Ayu , Srianturi Yanuari
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of individual counseling using cognitive restructuring techniques to reduce students' verbal aggression. This research method is pre-experiment with one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII (eight) MTs Islamiyah Malo in the 2022-2023 academic year. While the sample taken was 3 students with a purposive sampling technique. Data collection used verbal aggression instruments, observations and interviews. The results of this study indicate that the verbal aggression behavior of class VIII (eight) MTs Islamiyah Malo students before and after being given treatment with cognitive restructuring techniques is effective in reducing verbal aggression of DCP students 92% in the high category after being given to 66% in the moderate category, ACK students 79% in the high category after being given to 64% in the moderate category, AMA students 81% in the high category after being given to 61% in the moderate category. Data analysis based on the results of the paired sample t-test shows the sig value. (2 tables) of 0.020 < 0.05, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means there is a significant difference, thus meaning that individual counseling services using the cognitive behavior therapy approach with cognitive restructuring techniques are effective in reducing verbal aggression of students at MTs Islamiyah Malo.
The Evolution of Madness: A Characterization of Arthur Fleck in The Movie “Joker” (2019) by Todd Phillips
Authors: Dewi Adelia Puspita , Wijaya Mutiara Zaskia , Faisal Faisal
Published: February 2025

This study examines the evolution of Arthur Fleck into the Joker, exploring the psychological, social, and institutional factors contributing to his transformation. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the research analyses Arthur Fleck's character through his experiences of trauma, societal rejection, and mental health struggles. Researchers watched the movie multiple times, analysed the script, and identified relevant dialogue or words for the character.  Key findings indicate that Arthur Fleck's descent into madness is shaped significantly by his childhood abuse, loneliness, and the systemic neglect he faces in Gotham City. The film serves as a critical commentary on contemporary issues surrounding mental health and societal responsibility, highlighting the urgent need for compassion towards marginalized individuals. This characterization not only reflects current societal anxieties but also emphasizes the impact of social dynamics on individual identity formation.
An Analysis of Directive Speech Acts in The Up (2009) Movie
Authors: Widianingsih Ayang Winda Sri , Mustika Rispa , Nugraha Salsa
Published: February 2025

This research discussed about the analysis of directives type of speech act theory used in the Up (2009) movie. This research revealed the application of directives types of speech act that found in the Up (2009) movie. The document analysis approach was used in this study to gather data. The researcher chose this film as the subject of the study because it is intriguing and has numerous moral lessons. This film's themes include love, relationships between people, hope, and dreams. As the result, it was found that were 57 utterances of directive speech acts in the Up (2009) movie. From the 57 data that researcher collected, the main characters most expressed the  command type of directives speech act. They are 38 commands, 3 suggestions, 3 requests, 6 orders, forbidding. Based all the data above, it can be concluded the most used directives speech act found in this data was command.
Next-Gen Transformation of Insurance Document Management
Authors: Sanath Chilakala
Published: February 2025

The integration of Artificial Intelligence in the insurance industry's document and letter generation processes marks a transformative advancement in operational efficiency. This technical article examines the comprehensive implementation of AI technologies across various aspects of insurance documentation, including policy generation, claims processing, and customer correspondence. The article analyzes the architectural framework, focusing on Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning components that form the backbone of modern insurance systems. The article demonstrates how AI-driven solutions have revolutionized traditional document processing workflows by thoroughly examining implementation strategies, key applications, and technical benefits. The article also explores advanced features and future developments, highlighting the potential for quantum computing, blockchain integration, and enhanced personalization capabilities in next-generation insurance systems.
The Evolution and Impact of Autonomous Systems: A Technical Analysis
Authors: Anusha Akkiraju
Published: February 2025

This comprehensive technical article explores the evolution and impact of autonomous systems across various industrial sectors. The article explores the integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, and advanced sensor networks in creating sophisticated autonomous platforms. It details the core architectural components, including perception systems, decision-making frameworks, actuation and control mechanisms, and communication infrastructure. The article covers practical applications in transportation, healthcare, manufacturing, and agriculture, demonstrating significant improvements in efficiency, safety, and operational capabilities. The article also addresses critical technical challenges, ethical considerations, and future directions for autonomous system development, emphasizing the importance of reliability, adaptability, and human-machine interaction.