bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic circulating microRNA landscape in Lynch syndrome
Authors: Sievänen Tero , Korhonen Tia‐Marje , Jokela Tiina , Ahtiainen Maarit , Lahtinen Laura , Kuopio Teijo , Lepistö Anna , Sillanpää Elina , Mecklin Jukka‐Pekka , Seppälä Toni T. , Laakkonen Eija K.
Published: October 2022

Circulating microRNAs (c‐miRs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that migrate throughout the body and regulate gene expression. Global c‐miR expression patterns (c‐miRnomes) change with sporadic carcinogenesis and have predictive potential in early detection of cancers. However, there are no studies that have assessed whether c‐miRnomes display similar potential in carriers of inherited pathogenic mismatch‐repair gene variants (path_MMR), known as Lynch syndrome (LS), who are predisposed to highly increased cancer risk. Using high‐throughput sequencing and bioinformatic approaches, we conducted an exploratory analysis to characterize systemic c‐miRnomes of path_MMR carriers, sporadic rectal cancer patients and non‐LS controls. We showed for the first time that cancer‐free path_MMR carriers have a systemic c‐miRnome of 40 differentially expressed c‐miRs that can distinguish them from non‐LS controls. The systemic c‐miRnome of cancer‐free path_MMR carriers also resembles the systemic c‐miRnomes of cancer patients with or without path_MMR. Our pathway analysis linked the found differentially expressed c‐miRs to carcinogenesis. A total of 508 putative target genes were identified for 32 out of 40 differentially expressed c‐miRs, and 238 of them were enriched in cancer‐related pathways. The most enriched c‐miR‐target genes include well‐known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes such as BCL2, AKT3, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, CDKN1A and PIK3R1. Taken together, our findings suggest that LS and sporadic carcinogenesis share common biological pathways and alterations in these pathways can produce a c‐miR signature which can track potential oncogenic stress in cancer‐free path_MMR carriers. Therefore, c‐miRs hold potential in monitoring the LS risk stratification patterns during clinical surveillance or cancer management.
Development of a smart IoT‐based drip irrigation system for precision farming
Authors: S Vinod Kumar , Singh Chandra Deep , Rao K. V. Ramana , Kumar Mukesh , Rajwade Yogesh Annand
Published: October 2022

Precision irrigation scheduling using real‐time sensors has the potential to boost water use efficiency while maximizing resource utilization. Traditional farming is adversely affected by improper resource management. To overcome a farmer's efforts, an IoT‐based drip irrigation system was developed and tested for system performance. It was compared with an ETc‐based drip irrigation system for brinjal crops grown in planter beds filled with vertisols. The developed system, consisting of sensors and microcontrollers, records the environmental parameters, namely, soil moisture content, soil temperature, and relative humidity and temperature. Irrigation scheduling was programmed using upper (field capacity) and lower thresholds (50% plant available water). Irrigation applications were triggered when the soil moisture value reached the lower threshold (33%) and ended after the field capacity was attained (46%). The information captured by the sensors is wirelessly uploaded to the cloud server using IoT technology, which can be accessed from anywhere in the world. It was observed that the IoT‐based drip irrigation testing plant grew 1.3 cm taller than the ETc‐based drip irrigation testing plant. The length and width of brinjal plant leaves also increased more than the ETc‐based drip irrigation treatments. The IoT‐based drip irrigation treatments improved pump operating time, leaf length and width by 85 min, 4.4 cm and 3.1 cm, respectively, compared to 125 min, 3.7 cm and 2.4 cm for the ETc‐based drip irrigation treatment. During a period of 31 days, water savings of 35% were observed compared to ETc‐based drip irrigation. The developed system was rugged, and a water‐resistant enclosure allowed its use in outdoor agriculture fields.
Review and evaluation of the role of a psychiatric pharmacist on medication management in a gender health program
Authors: Wartman Carolanne , Walroth Todd A. , Butterfield David , Anderson Lindsey , Peters Michael , Schmelz Andrew , Ott Carol
Published: October 2022

Introduction

People who identify as transgender experience a significant amount of mental health concerns compared to the general population. Gender health programs offer the opportunity to provide comprehensive care for this highly stigmatized population, with the potential for psychiatric pharmacists to assist other providers and serve this need. This study aimed to evaluate the number and type of interventions made by a psychiatric pharmacist within a gender health program.

Methods

A retrospective review of the electronic medical record was conducted analyzing mental health visits completed by psychiatric pharmacists within the Gender Health Program between May 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. The primary outcome was number and type of interventions, defined as medication adjustments, laboratory monitoring, and completion of prior authorizations. Secondary outcomes included a description of medication regimens, number and type of patient education provided, and referrals to other healthcare professionals. Key subgroup analyses consisted of number of interventions based on gender identity, race identity, and insurance status.

Results

There were a total of 152 appointments among 93 patients. Sixty‐one patients (66%) received at least one intervention [median (interquartile range, IQR) of 2 (2, 4)], which occurred across 81 pharmacist appointments (53%). Psychotropic medications were adjusted at 79 appointments (97%), with primarily medication initiations. Patient education was completed and documented at 102 appointments with a median (IQR) of 2 (1, 2) topics discussed per appointment. There was a statistically significant difference found between transmen and transwomen on number of interventions [31 (67%) vs 15 (45%), P = 0.048].

Conclusion

The pharmacist in this study had the opportunity to bridge gaps in access to care to healthcare providers by initiating and managing medications, providing thorough education, and referring patients to further resources. This study affirms the accessibility and role of a psychiatric pharmacist on the interdisciplinary team caring for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, and more (LGBTQ+) patients.
A preliminary neuroimaging investigation of the effects of mindfulness training on attention reorienting and amygdala reactivity to emotional faces in adolescent and adult females
Authors: Dumontheil Iroise , Lyons Kristen E. , Russell Tamara A. , Zelazo Philip David
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Adolescence is a time of increased emotional reactivity and improving cognitive control. Mindfulness meditation training may foster adolescents' cognitive control and emotional regulation skills; however little is known about the impact of mindfulness training in adolescents compared to adults. We examined the effect of mindfulness meditation versus a closely matched active control condition (relaxation training) on behavioral and neural measures of cognitive control and emotional reactivity in a small group of adolescents and adults.

Methods

Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected before and after 8 weeks of training in 26 adolescent (12–14 years) and 17 adult (23–33 years) female participants in the United Kingdom while they completed an n‐back task with emotional face distractors and an attentional control task. Participants of each group chose a class date/time and the classes were then randomly allocated to mindfulness or relaxation conditions.

Results

Compared to relaxation training, mindfulness training led to an increase in the speed of reorienting attention across age groups. In addition, there was preliminary evidence for reduced amygdala response to emotional face distractors in adolescents after mindfulness training.

Conclusions

An 8‐week mindfulness program showed similar facilitative effects in adolescent and adult females on the reorienting of attention, a skill that is repeatedly practiced during mindfulness meditation. Mindfulness also reduced left amygdala reactivity to emotional face distractors in adolescents only. Mindfulness meditation practice can therefore have a facilitative effect on female adolescents' attentional control, and possibly attenuate their emotional reactivity.
Intimate partner violence among adolescents: Prevalence rates after one decade of research
Authors: Muñoz‐Rivas Marina J. , Redondo Natalia , Olmos Ricardo , Ronzón‐Tirado Román
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Intimate partner violence research and intervention strategies have grown substantially over the last two decades. However, little research has examined whether the intimate partner prevalence has changed or remained stable over time in Spain. Moreover, few studies have analyzed whether intimate partner violence prevalence rates among genders and age groups have fluctuated similarly or not.

Method

The aim of this study was to analyze the trends observed in intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization rates among adolescents in three sample cohorts from Spain interviewed in 2006, 2010, and 2016 (4591 Spanish adolescents; 53.6% girls and 46.2% boys). ANCOVA was used to compare the population means between the cohorts: sex, age, and the type of intimate partner violence, for example, verbal, physical, and sexual.

Results

The results showed a significant decrease in intimate partner violence rates from 2006 to 2016, which was more noticeable within the first half of this decade. Throughout the decade, the girls perpetrated more verbal and mild physical assaults, while the boys perpetrated more sexual assaults. However, these results suggest a clear bidirectional intimate partner violence dynamic between the genders. Additionally, late adolescence reported a higher prevalence of aggressions.

Conclusions

The results highlight the need to adapt current prevention strategies considering the differences in the intimate partner violence trajectories based on sex and age, with the aim of regaining the marked rate of decline in aggression observed up to 2010.
“Deep approaches to learning” in a project‐based nanofabrication graduate course
Authors: Tang Mary , Kommera Swaroop , Raghuram Usha , Rincon Michelle , Xu Xiaoqing , Fan Jonathan , Howe Roger T.
Published: October 2022

We describe a graduate‐level, laboratory course that is structured as a “master class” in experimental research project planning and execution. Students work in teams to engage in project topics of their choosing, ideally relevant to their own areas of research, that make use of the university's shared fabrication and characterization facilities. After developing their project plans, which includes a schedule, budget, and milestones, students execute them under the guidance of their mentors. The aim of the course is that the students develop deep conceptual knowledge of the practice of experimental science, with regard to: project planning and execution, effective communication and teamwork, technical rigor, and peer review. Because students learn by applying these skills to topics that are personally relevant to them, this course can be described as using on deep approaches to learning.
Effect of Degree of Deacetylation of Chitosan/Chitin on Human Neural Stem Cell Culture
Authors: Chang Fei‐Chien , Zhou Yang , James Matthew Michael , Zareie Hadi M. , Ando Yoshiki , Yang Jihui , Zhang Miqin
Published: October 2022

Stem cell therapy and research for neural diseases depends on reliable reproduction of neural stem cells. Chitosan‐based materials have been proposed as a substrate for culturing human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in the pursuit of clinically compatible culture conditions that are chemically defined and compliant with good manufacturing practices. The physical and biochemical properties of chitosan and chitin are strongly regulated by the degree of deacetylation (DD). However, the effect of DD on hNSC behavior has not been systematically investigated. In this study, films with DD ranging from 93% to 14% are fabricated with chitosan and chitin. Under xeno‐free conditions, hNSCs proliferate preferentially on films with a higher DD, exhibiting adherent morphology and retaining multipotency. Lowering the DD leads to formation of neural stem cell spheroids due to unsteady adhesion. The neural spheroids present NSC multipotency protein expression reduction and cytoplasmic translocation. This study provides an insight into the influence of the DD on hNSCs behavior and may serve as a guideline for hNSC research using chitosan‐based biomaterials. It demonstrates the capability of controlling hNSC fate by simply tailoring the DD of chitosan.
Globally generated vector bundles with small c1 on projective spaces, II
Authors: Anghel Cristian , Coandă Iustin , Manolache Nicolae
Published: October 2022

We complete the classification of globally generated vector bundles with on projective spaces by treating the case on , . It turns out that there are very few indecomposable bundles of this kind: besides some obvious examples there are, roughly speaking, only the (first twist of the) rank 5 vector bundle which is the middle term of the monad defining the Horrocks bundle of rank 3 on , and its restriction to . We recall, in an appendix, from one of our previous papers, the main results allowing the classification of globally generated vector bundles with on . Since there are many such bundles, a large part of the main body of the paper is occupied with the proof of the fact that, except for the simplest ones, they do not extend to as globally generated vector bundles.
Enhancing the Performance of Electret‐Free Phototransistor Memory by Using All‐Conjugated Block Copolymer
Authors: Yang Wei‐Chen , Chen Yi‐Wen , Yu Yang‐Yen , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Higashihara Tomoya , Chen Wen‐Chang
Published: October 2022

Conjugated polymers are of great interest owing to their potential in stretchable electronics to function under complex deformation conditions. To improve the performance of conjugated polymers, various structural designs have been proposed and these conjugated polymers are specially applied in exotic optoelectronics. In this work, a series of all‐conjugated block copolymers (PII2T‐b‐PNDI2T) comprising poly(isoindigo–bithiophene) (PII2T) and poly(naphthalenediimide–bithiophene) (PNDI2T) are developed with varied compositions and applied to electret‐free phototransistor memory. Accordingly, these memory devices present p‐type transport capability and electrical‐ON/photo‐OFF memory behavior. The efficacy of the all‐conjugated block copolymer design in improving the memory‒photoresponse properties in phototransistor memory is revealed. By optimizing the composition of the block copolymer, the corresponding device achieves a wide memory window of 36 V and a high memory ratio of 7 × 104. Collectively, the results of this study indicate a new concept for designing electret‐free phototransistor memory by using all‐conjugated block copolymer heterojunctions to mitigate the phase separation of conjugated polymer blends. Meanwhile, the intrinsic optoelectronic properties of the constituent conjugated polymers can be well‐maintained by using an all‐conjugated block copolymer design.
Stakeholders and corporate social responsibility: What makes firms tip over to CSR investments?
Authors: Siyahhan Baran
Published: October 2022

Despite the growing role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the associated environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors, even corporations within the same industry take a vastly different approach in how they manage CSR. What makes corporations adopt more ESG‐aligned investments? What role do stakeholders play? This paper studies the role of government policy and consumer activism in CSR investments. The model shows the complementary nature between different stakeholders and between different government policy tools in inducing CSR investments. Economic uncertainty can amplify or dampen the effect of government policy and consumer activism. I derive testable implications of the model.
Understanding nonprofit leaders' perceptions of organizational efficiency
Authors: Berrett Jessica L. , Sudweeks Jayce
Published: October 2022

With limited resources and increased demand, efficiency is essential for nonprofits. However, there is minimal research into understanding nonprofit leaders' perceptions of efficiency. This study is based on interviews with Habitat for Humanity leaders across the United States. Applying a case study approach with qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics, two key findings emerge. First, some nonprofit leaders are conflating efficiency and effectiveness. Second, in more than half of the cases, nonprofit leaders' perceptions of their organizations' efficiency failed to align with a commonly accepted objective measure of efficiency applied to those organizations. These results raise concerns and have significant implications for nonprofit performance and communication with key stakeholders.
“I Would Purposely Try to Keep them Separated”: Language Ideologies, Language Policy, and Beliefs about Emergent Bilinguals in Career and Technical Education
Authors: Emerick Mark R. , Goldberg Jodie L.
Published: October 2022

In the policy context of college and career readiness, career and technical education (CTE) is growing in popularity, especially for students who are underserved in academic high school programs. While CTE has shown promise for some students, very little research exists on its potential for emergent bilingual students (EBs). Thus, building on research of deficit perceptions of EBs and language ideologies (LIs), this study examines how LIs and deficit perspectives are reproduced in CTE contexts across Pennsylvania. Using a sequential mixed‐methods design, we found that, while CTE educators held generally positive attitudes toward EBs, they were influenced by monoglossic language ideology and standard language ideology. These LIs, along with other institutional factors, led educators to implement restrictive language policies within their classrooms. These implications serve to inform how, with a lack of clear language policy within CTE programs, teachers relied on their personal beliefs and reproduced deficit ideologies in the creation of classroom‐level policies.
A review on molecular detection techniques of white spot syndrome virus: Perspectives of problems and solutions in shrimp farming
Authors: Islam Sk Injamamul , Mou Moslema Jahan , Sanjida Saloa , Mahfuj Sarower
Published: October 2022

This review aims to provide an update on the current scientific understanding of various aspects of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) formation, diagnostic procedures, transmission, ecological effects, pathophysiology and management strategies. In terms of production and financial benefits, the WSSV has been the most virulent in shrimp and several other crustacean sectors around the globe. It spreads vertically from diseased broodstock to post‐larvae and horizontally by cannibalism, invertebrate vectors, freshwater and sediments. In the transfer of white spot disease (WSD) in newly stocked ponds, the survivability of WSSV in sediment is the most important variable. In typical cultural conditions, it is a highly infectious pathogen capable of inflicting total death within 3–10 days after an outbreak. Some of the current biosecurity strategies used to keep diseases out of shrimp ponds such as pond water disinfection, quarantine of new stocks before stocking and broader usage of specific pathogen‐free shrimp. The sequencing and characterisation of various WSSV strains have provided details about pathogen biology, pathogenicity and disease. To develop successful control methods, knowledge of these characteristics is essential. In several shrimp‐producing countries in Asia and the Americas, the infections produced by the WSSV have had disastrous socio‐economic consequences. As a result of international trade or migration of diseased species, the World Animal Health Organization recognised several illnesses as posing a substantial hazard to farmed shrimp. WSD is receiving much scientific research due to the potential economic effects of the virus. Research is now being done to understand better the molecular biology and pathophysiology of WSSV, as well as how to treat and prevent the virus. However, further study should be conducted in countries with more resilient host species to understand their role in mitigating disease impacts since these revelations may aid in developing a WSD treatment.
Toxoplasma gondiimimicking metastatic neoplasia in a senior indoor‐only cat
Authors: Weng Jennifer , Cridge Harry
Published: October 2022

An 11‐year‐old cat presented for a 1‐week history of dyspnoea. The cat had a history of allergies that were being managed on cyclosporine. Physical examination revealed an increased respiratory rate and effort, and the cat was oxygen dependent. Thoracic radiographs revealed a severe diffuse nodular pulmonary pattern, suggestive of metastatic neoplasia. An abdominal ultrasound was performed to evaluate for a primary mass or evidence of disseminated disease. A 4.3 × 2.2 cm ileocolic mass was noted. Fine‐needle aspirates of the intestinal mass were poorly exfoliative.Toxoplasma gondiititres were performed (IgM <1:20 and IgG >1:20,480). Fine‐needle aspirates of the pulmonary nodules revealed neutrophilic and macrophagic inflammation with large numbers of 2–4 µm, crescent‐shaped organisms, consistent withToxoplasma gondii. Cyclosporine was discontinued and clindamycin was prescribed. The cat was discharged 3 days later. Repeat imaging revealed resolution of the pulmonary and intestinal lesions. Clinical cure was achieved.
On graviton non-Gaussianities in the Effective Field Theory of Inflation
Authors: Cabass Giovanni , Stefanyszyn David , Supeł Jakub , Thavanesan Ayngaran
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We derive parity-even graviton bispectra in the Effective Field Theory of Inflation (EFToI) to all orders in derivatives. Working in perturbation theory, we construct all cubic interactions that can contribute to tree-level graviton bispectra, showing that they all come from EFToI operators containing two or three powers of the extrinsic curvature and its covariant derivatives: all other operators can be removed by field redefinitions or start at higher-order in perturbations. For operators cubic in the extrinsic curvature, where the single-clock consistency relations are satisfied without a correction to the graviton two-point function, we use the Manifestly Local Test (MLT) to efficiently extract the effects of evolving graviton fluctuations to the end of inflation. Despite the somewhat complicated nature of the bulk interactions, the final boundary correlators take a very compact form. For operators quadratic in the extrinsic curvature, the leading order bispectra are a sum of contact and single exchange diagrams, which are tied together by spatial diffeomorphisms, and to all orders in derivatives we derive these bispectra by computing the necessary bulk time integrals. For single exchange diagrams we exploit factorisation properties of the bulk-bulk propagator for massless gravitons and write the result as a finite sum over residues. Perhaps surprisingly, we show these single exchange contributions have only total-energy poles and also satisfy the MLT.
Immune response associated with ischemia and reperfusion injury during organ transplantation
Authors: Tang Qiao , Dong Chong , Sun Qian
Published: October 2022

Background

Ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is an ineluctable immune-related pathophysiological process during organ transplantation, which not only causes a shortage of donor organs, but also has long-term and short-term negative consequences on patients. Severe IRI-induced cell death leads to the release of endogenous substances, which bind specifically to receptors on immune cells to initiate an immune response. Although innate and adaptive immunity have been discovered to play essential roles in IRI in the context of organ transplantation, the pathway and precise involvement of the immune response at various stages has not yet to be elucidated.

Methods

We combined “IRI” and “organ transplantation” with keywords, respectively such as immune cells, danger signal molecules, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, complement cascade, T cells or B cells in PubMed and the Web of Science to search for relevant literatures.

Conclusion

Comprehension of the immune mechanisms involved in organ transplantation is promising for the treatment of IRI, this review summarizes the similarities and differences in both innate and adaptive immunity and advancements in the immune response associated with IRI during diverse organ transplantation.
Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models: a case study applied to the results of two questionnaires administered to university students
Authors: Correa-Álvarez Cristian David , Salazar-Uribe Juan Carlos , Pericchi-Guerra Luis Raúl
Published: October 2022

Bayesian multilevel models—also known as hierarchical or mixed models—are used in situations in which the aim is to model the random effect of groups or levels. In this paper, we conduct a simulation study to compare the predictive ability of 1-level Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models with that of 2-level Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models by using the prior Scaled Beta2 and inverse-gamma distributions to model the standard deviation in the 2-level. Then, these models are employed to estimate the correct answers in two questionnaires administered to university students throughout the first academic semester of 2018. The results show that 2-level models have a better predictive ability and provide more precise probability intervals than 1-level models, particularly when the prior Scaled Beta2 distribution is used to model the standard deviation in the second level. Moreover, the probability intervals of 1-level Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models proved to be more precise when Scaled Beta2 distributions, rather than an inverse-gamma distribution, are employed to model the standard deviation or when 1-level Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models, are used.
A novel approach reveals underestimation of productivity in the globally important macroalga, Ascophyllum nodosum
Authors: Lauzon-Guay Jean-Sébastien , Feibel Alison I. , Gibson Malcolm , Mac Monagail Michéal , Morse Bryan L. , Robertson Collette A. , Ugarte Raúl A.
Published: October 2022

Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis (Fucales, Fucaceae) is a modular intertidal brown alga that has the particularity of forming an air bladder once a year at the apical tip of the growing shoots. This characteristic provides a means for aging and estimating the growth of individuals. While it has long been recognized that growth can occur in older parts of the frond, this has not been properly assessed until now and has largely been overlooked when calculating the productivity of the species. Recent studies have suggested that the growth and elongation of older segments is minimal and thus has been used to infer past environmental conditions. Here we assessed the length and mass of successive internodal segments from 25 sites spread over both sides of the North Atlantic, covering a wide portion of the distribution of the species. By calculating the ratio of the mass and length of a segment divided by the segment produced the following year, we established that internodal segments continue accumulating mass for 1–5 years and increase in length for 1–3 years at most sites. Segments can almost triple their mass during their second year and more than double their length. These results indicate that previous productivity and growth estimates for A. nodosum based on apical growth alone greatly underestimate the true productivity of the species and its role in coastal carbon cycling. Furthermore, because they grow over several years, internodal segments should not be used to infer past environmental conditions or to reconstruct growth patterns over time.
Algorithmic transparency and interpretability measures improve radiologists’ performance in BI-RADS 4 classification
Authors: Jungmann Friederike , Ziegelmayer Sebastian , Lohoefer Fabian K. , Metz Stephan , Müller-Leisse Christina , Englmaier Maximilian , Makowski Marcus R. , Kaissis Georgios A. , Braren Rickmer F.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To evaluate the perception of different types of AI-based assistance and the interaction of radiologists with the algorithm’s predictions and certainty measures.

Methods

In this retrospective observer study, four radiologists were asked to classify Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System 4 (BI-RADS4) lesions (n = 101 benign, n = 99 malignant). The effect of different types of AI-based assistance (occlusion-based interpretability map, classification, and certainty) on the radiologists’ performance (sensitivity, specificity, questionnaire) were measured. The influence of the Big Five personality traits was analyzed using the Pearson correlation.

Results

Diagnostic accuracy was significantly improved by AI-based assistance (an increase of 2.8% ± 2.3%, 95 %-CI 1.5 to 4.0 %, p = 0.045) and trust in the algorithm was generated primarily by the certainty of the prediction (100% of participants). Different human-AI interactions were observed ranging from nearly no interaction to humanization of the algorithm. High scores in neuroticism were correlated with higher persuasibility (Pearson’s r = 0.98, p = 0.02), while higher consciousness and change of accuracy showed an inverse correlation (Pearson’s r = −0.96, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Trust in the algorithm’s performance was mostly dependent on the certainty of the predictions in combination with a plausible heatmap. Human-AI interaction varied widely and was influenced by personality traits.

Key Points

• AI-based assistance significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists in classifying BI-RADS 4 mammography lesions.

• Trust in the algorithm’s performance was mostly dependent on the certainty of the prediction in combination with a reasonable heatmap.

• Personality traits seem to influence human-AI collaboration. Radiologists with specific personality traits were more likely to change their classification according to the algorithm’s prediction than others.
Dietary fatty acid intake in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the DIPP birth cohort study
Authors: Hakola Leena , Vuorinen Anna-Leena , Takkinen Hanna-Mari , Niinistö Sari , Ahonen Suvi , Rautanen Jenna , Peltonen Essi J. , Nevalainen Jaakko , Ilonen Jorma , Toppari Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Knip Mikael , Virtanen Suvi M.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The aim was to study the associations between dietary intake of fatty acids in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

The prospective Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study included children with genetic susceptibility to T1D born between 1996 and 2004. Participants were followed up every 3 to 12 months up to 6 years for diet, islet autoantibodies, and T1D. Dietary intake of several fatty acids at the age of 3 months to 6 years was assessed 1–8 times per participant with a 3-day food record. Joint models adjusted for energy intake, sex, HLA genotype and familial diabetes were used to investigate the associations of longitudinal intake of fatty acids and the development of islet autoimmunity and T1D.

Results

During the 6-year follow-up, 247 (4.4%) children of 5626 developed islet autoimmunity and 94 (1.7%) children of 5674 developed T1D. Higher intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.47, 0.82), arachidonic acid (0.69; 0.50, 0.94), totaln-3 fatty acids (0.64; 0.48, 0.84), and long-chainn-3 fatty acids (0.14; 0.04, 0.43), was associated with a decreased risk of islet autoimmunity with and without energy adjustment. Higher intake of total fat (0.73; 0.53, 0.98), and saturated fatty acids (0.55; 0.33, 0.90) was associated with a decreased risk of T1D only when energy adjusted.

Conclusion

Intake of several fatty acids was associated with a decreased risk of islet autoimmunity or T1D among high-risk children. Our findings support the idea that dietary factors, includingn-3 fatty acids, may play a role in the disease process of T1D.
Vibration energy harvesting for cars: semi-active piezo controllers
Authors: Pepe G. , Doria A. , Roveri N. , Carcaterra A.
Published: October 2022

Energy harvesting represents one of the recent challenging subjects related to vibration and control. The scale of energy harvesters and storage can involve a wide power range, and the scale of some milliwatt is the elective field of piezoelectric applications. This paper investigates the power frontiers of the piezoelectric-based harvesters applied to automotive units. The analysis, supported by experimental data, aims at estimating the upper bound of the specific power of this technology for powering small devices on board cars. Passive optimally tuned piezoelectric harvester and semi-active controlled ones are compared, based on a new control strategy named VFC-Variational Feedback Control, recently developed by the authors. This new technique makes it possible to increase the total energy storage drained from car vibrations. However, the real advantage for their use relies on a sharp balance between the harvested power and the costs for the additional hardware mass transport. Numerical simulations of circuitry and experimental vibration data provides references to assess the energy convenience in installing this type of devices on board.
A method for considering the evolution of the visible landscape
Authors: San Martin Saldias Daisy , McGlade James
Published: October 2022

The visible landscape represents an important consideration within landscape management activities, forming an inhabitants’ perception of their overall surroundings and providing them with a sense of landscape connection, sustainability and identity. The historical satellite imagery archive can provide key knowledge of the overall change in land use and land cover (LULC), which can inform a range of important management decisions. However, the evolution of the visible landscape at a terrestrial level using this information source has rarely been investigated. In this study, the Landsat archive is leveraged to develop a method that depicts changes within the visible landscape. Our method utilises other freely available data sources to determine the visibility of the landscape, and LULC composition, visible from road networks when the imagery was captured. This method was used to describe change in the visible landscape of a rural area in Ñuble, Chile, in the period from 1986 to 2018. Whilst native forests on the slopes of the mountains within the study area provide a natural backdrop, because of the flat topography of most of the area, the foreground dominates the overall landscape view. This has resulted in a visible transition from a landscape visibly dominated by agricultural use in 1986 to one of equal agriculture and plantation forestry in 2018. It is hoped that the method outlined within this study can be applied easily to other regions or at larger scales to provide insight for land managers regarding the visibility of LULC.
Bewusstseinsstörung auf der pädiatrischen Intensivstation: Ätiologie und Diagnostik
Authors: Sanchez-Albisua Iciar
Published: October 2022

In diesem Artikel geben wir ein Überblick über das Management von bewusstseinsgestörten Kindern. Die Diagnostik muss rasch erfolgen, um behandelbare Ätiologien zu identifizieren und neurologische Folgeschäden möglichst zu minimieren. Die Differenzialdiagnose ist umfangreich. Der neurologische Kurzbefund umfasst die Quantifizierung der Bewusstseinsstörung mittels Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), die Prüfung der Augen, der Motorik und das Vorliegen eines Meningismus. Die Labordiagnostik schließt den raschen Ausschluss einer Hypoglykämie und bei Verdacht auf ZNS-Infektion eine LP ein. Bei unilateral/bilateral weiter lichtstarrer Pupille muss ein Notfall-CT des Schädels vor weiterführender Diagnostik durchgeführt werden. Ansonsten sollte ein MRT des Schädels angestrebt werden, insbesondere bei Verdacht auf Enzephalitis, Vaskulitis, ischämischen Schlaganfall und Sinusvenenthrombose. Das EEG liefert selten Hinweise auf die Ursache des Komas; es dient v. a. als objektives Maß für den Schweregrad der Enzephalopathie, die Prognose und die Wirksamkeit der Therapie.
Tracking anthropogenic nitrogen-compound sources of surface and groundwater in southwestern Nile Delta: hydrochemical, environmental isotopes, and modeling approach
Authors: Hussien Rasha , Ahmed Mona , Aly Aly Islam
Published: October 2022

This research aims to assign the specific and potential sources that control migration and transformation mechanisms of ammonium/nitrate contaminants of surface and groundwater systems in the southwestern Nile Delta, Egypt. To achieve that, an integration of hydrogeochemistry, multiple environmental stable isotopes (δ2H-H2O, δ18O-H2O, δ15N-NH4, and δ15N-NO3) coupled with three-dimensional nitrogen transport numerical model (MODFLOW-MT3D) was done. A set of representative water samples (20 canals and drainage water) and 14 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physical, chemical, and stable isotope analysis. NH4+ and NO3− concentrations in surface water samples varied from 0.29 to 124 mg/l and 0.52 to 39.67 mg/l, respectively. For groundwater samples, NH4+ and NO3− concentrations varied from 0.21 to 1.75 mg/l and 0.33 to 32.8 mg/l, respectively. Total risk quotient (THQ) level of nitrate (oral and dermal effects) from drinking water exceeds unity for all water samples indicating a potential noncancer risk for the southwestern Nile Delta residents. The potential sources of nitrogen compound pollution are water from sewage treatment plants used for irrigation, sludge and animal manure, septic tanks, soil nitrogen, and artificial fertilizers according to results of δ15N values. Results of ammonium/nitrate modeling in shallow groundwater aquifers are compared with observed concentrations and are found to be in good agreement. Some recommendations are given to decrease nitrogen loads in the study area through suggested a need for adoption of N-fertilizer management practices and treatment of sewage water before to application in agricultural activities.
Preclinical activities of Cassia tora Linn against aging-related diseases
Authors: Hwang Sun-Young , Na Chang-Su , Moon Byeong Cheol , Shim Jung-Hyun , Lee Mee-Hyun
Published: October 2022

Globally, an aging population is increasing, and aging is a natural physiological process and a major risk factor for all age-related diseases. It seriously threatens personal health and imposes a great economic burden. Therefore, there is a growing scientific interest in strategies for well-aging with prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. The seed, root, stem or leaves of Cassia tora Linn. are useful for anti-bacteria, anti-hyperlipidemia and anti-obesity due to its pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant both in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, no clinical trials have been attempted so far, therefore here we would like to understand the current preclinical activities for aging-related disease models including cataract, metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration, then discuss their preparation for clinical trials and perspectives.
What Is the Juxtaposition between Silicon Valley and Mount Sinai? Covenantal Principles and the Conceptualization of Platform-User Relations
Authors: Berman Nadav S. , Zarsky Tal Z.
Published: October 2022

Over recent decades, several global tech giants have gained enormous power while at the same time generating various disputes with their end-users, local governments, and regulators. We propose that the Jewish concept of covenant can help the above parties, legal scholars, and wider society in addressing this complex legal reality. We present the challenge of disequilibrium between the above four parties against the main points of conflict: the requirement of customer consent; clear contractual provisions upon entry; options for reasonable customer exit; limitations on the platform’s ability to exercise unilateral termination; profile-based discrimination; and liability for mere intermediation. We introduce the biblical concept of covenant, and we review its unfolding in Jewish tradition. Further, we conceptualize three main covenantal principles: (1) responsibility—God and humans are both conceived as moral agents; (2) reciprocity—God as a caring law giver, open to human appeals; and (3) reasonability—divine instruction as initially intelligible. We demonstrate how the latter principle of explainability is exercised in the biblical law narratives and how the story of Balaam stresses the significance of moral agency that cannot hide behind “mere intermediary” claims. In light of this analysis, we revisit the relationship between tech giants and tech users to demonstrate how covenantality offers novel ways to conceptualize the noted conflicts between the parties.
Donum Vitae: An Association External to the Church? A Rebuttal from a Personal and Theological Perspective -
Discussed: Religion, Law, and Democracy: Selected Writings. By Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde. Edited by Mirjam Künkler and Tine Stein. Translated by Thomas Dunlap. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. 480. $65.00 (cloth); Oxford Scholarship Online by subscription (digital). ISBN: 9780198818632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818632.001.0001.
Authors: Demel Sabine
Published: October 2022

In 1995, the German legislature introduced the rule that a woman who terminates her pregnancy in the first trimester, which is illegal, would not be punished if she had previously undergone a legally prescribed counseling session. The counseling session, while oriented toward the protection of unborn life, is also open-ended, respectful of the decision-making right and duty of the pregnant woman. At the request of the pope, the German bishops instructed the existing counseling centers of the Catholic welfare organizations not to issue any written certificates of such counseling, as such certificates could ultimately be used to evade punishment. In order to continue to be able to offer counseling, Catholics, among them Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde, founded the association Donum Vitae (Gift of Life), which continues to issue certificates when requested. For the German bishops, the association, founded by Catholics for Catholics and non-Catholics alike, is external to the church. But what precisely is Donum Vitae? What does it stand for? Why are assessments of the association divided until this day? The essay examines these questions theologically and legally.
Consistent preferences, conflicting reasons, and rational evaluations
Authors: Guala Francesco
Published: October 2022

Bermúdez's arguments in favour of the rationality of quasi-cyclical preferences conflate reasons, desires, emotions, and responses with genuine preferences. Rational preference formation requires that the decision-makers not only identify reasons, but also weigh them in a coherent way.
Quasi-cyclical preferences in the ethics of Plato, Aristotle, and Kant
Authors: Roberts Adam J.
Published: October 2022

Bermúdez describes the extensionality principle as being “almost unquestioned.” This claim might come as a surprise to philosophers who work on agency and ethics. In Kantian deontological ethics and in Platonic or Aristotelian virtue ethics, our preferences for outcomes can be rationally affected by how those outcomes are framed in terms of maxims and character traits.
Self-control modulates information salience
Authors: Koi Polaris
Published: October 2022

Bermúdez suggests that agents use framing to succeed in self-control. This commentary suggests that frames are effective in steering behavior because they modulate information salience. This analysis extends to self-control strategies beyond framing, raising the question whether there remains an explanatory role for dual process theories for self-control.
The polyphony principle
Authors: Beal Bree
Published: October 2022

Bermúdez's “rational framing effects” are consequences of a counterintuitive phenomenon that I call “normative polyphony”: the reality that a single action may, with logical consistency, sustain diverse positive and negative judgments. I show that normative polyphony emerges from “ontological polyphony” – that is, diverse possible framings of relevant details – and illustrate this “polyphony principle” through a reading of Dostoevsky's (1993) Crime and Punishment.
Frames and rationality: Response to commentators
Authors: Bermúdez José Luis
Published: October 2022

The thoughtful and rewarding peer commentaries on my target article come from a broad range of disciplinary perspectives. I engage with the commentaries in three groups. First, I discuss the commentaries that apply my basic approach to new cases not considered in the target article. Second, I explore those that helpfully extend and refine my arguments. Finally, I offer replies to those that object either to the overall framework or to specific arguments.
Domesticating Racial Capitalism: Freedwomen in U.S. Industrial Sewing Schools, 1862–1872—An Opening Foray
Authors: Garrett-Scott Shennette
Published: October 2022

By early 1863, Harriet Jacobs had long mastered reading people. Even before she could extend a hand to the stone-faced Julia Wilbur, she caught a flash of resentment in Wilbur's eyes. Jacobs decided against a handshake. “Miss Wilbur, I am Harriet Jacobs. Do you remember me?” she asked. Wilbur did remember Jacobs. In fact, Wilbur had not taken her eyes off of the immaculately but modestly dressed African American woman from the moment Jacobs stepped into the converted barracks that now served as a school for freedwomen and girls. Wilbur first met Jacobs in 1849 in Rochester, New York, when Wilbur was a teacher and the secretary of the Rochester Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Society. Then, Jacobs was a self-emancipated, former slave operating an antislavery reading room in the city. Yet, on this unseasonably warm evening of January 14, 1863, in a converted barracks in the District of Columbia, the wheels of fortune had indeed turned. Wilbur made no effort to hide her anger as Jacobs explained that the New York Friends had decided to make Jacobs head matron of the freedwomen's school—the school Wilbur had opened and run almost single-handedly for three months.