bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of iron ore pellets metallurgical properties by their fluxing by lime
Authors: Bragin V. V. , Bersenev I. S. , Bardavelidze G. G. , Borodin A. V. , Spirin N. A. , Zagainov S. A.
Published: January 2021

Fluxed iron ore pellets, obtained by application of raw limestone are widely used in the iron ore share of blast furnace charge. Decomposition of the raw limestone in the process of the pellets burning requires considerable energy. The purpose of the work was to study quality variation of raw and burned pellets, as well as metallurgical properties variation, caused by substitution of limestone by burned and slaked lime. Physical simulation of the pelletizing process and pellets burning process was done. In the process of the experiment simulation of total and partial substitution of limestone by lime as well as with partial substitution of limestone by slaked lime was accomplished. Diagrams of plasticity and strength of raw and burned pellets at various shares of limestone, burned and slaked lime presented. It was shown that the strength during reducing RDI-1 (ISO 4696-1) has a tendency to increase when application of lime. Increase of Index RDI+6,3 value accounted for 3.6% (abs.) at application of quicklime and slaked lime correspondently. Index RDI−3,15 value decreased by 1.06% (abs.) and 0.88% (abs.) and that of index RDI−0,5 – by 0.75% (abs.) and 0.8% (abs.) at application of quicklime and slaked lime correspondently. It was assumed that application of slaked lime can contribute to bentonite share decrease and thus to total iron content increase. It was established that application of lime enables to decrease heat consumption for pellets burning. Application of slaked lime instead of limestone in the process of pellets production results in an increase of their strength during reducing and compression strength. This effect enables to reach a higher efficiency in the process of such pellets usage in blast furnace charge or in the process of their metallization, comparing with the usage of pellets fluxed by limestone.
Why is vertebral pneumaticity in sauropod dinosaurs so variable?
Authors: Taylor Mike , Wedel Mathew
Published: January 2021

The vertebrae of sauropod dinosaurs have distinctive and complex pneumatic features including fossae and foramina in the sides of their centra. These vary between individuals, serially within individuals, and even between the left and right sides of single vertebrae. This presents a conundrum because bone is usually the least variable material in the vertebrate body. Blood vessels, however, are much more labile, as can be seen in the varied occurrence of vascular foramina in the vertebrae not only of sauropods, but also of birds, crocodilians and mammals. Vascular variation arises in part from the ontogeny of vertebrae, which in their embryonic state are vascularised from within the neural canal: the hand-off from these vessels to others which penetrate from outside is not always completed. In birds, pneumatizing diverticula enter the vertebrae alongside blood vessels, in the vascular foramina that they form, before excavating the surrounding bone into larger pneumatic foramina. We propose that the same was true in sauropods, and that variation of vascularization directly caused variation of pneumatization. In most vertebrae, a single vascular foramen carries both artery and vein, but occasionally these vessels separate and each forms a separate foramen. This explains why in rare cases individual sauropod vertebrae have two pneumatic cavities on a single side: each arises from the vascular foramen formed by either artery or vein.
Metaheuristic Optimization Methods for Optimal Power Flow Analysis in DC Distribution Networks
Authors: Grisales Noreña Luis Fernando , Garzón Rivera Oscar Daniel , Ocampo Toro Jauder Alexander , Ramos Paja Carlos Andres , Rodriguez Cabal Miguel Angel
Published: January 2021

In this paper is addressed the optimal power flow problem in direct current grids, by using solution methods based on metaheuristics techniques and numerical methods. For which was proposed a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem, that describes the optimal power flow problem in direct current grids. As solution methodology was proposed a master–slave strategy, which used in master stage three continuous solution methods for solving the optimal power flow problem: a particle swarm optimization algorithm, a continuous version of the genetic algorithm and the black hole optimization method. In the slave stages was used a methods based on successive approximations for solving the power flow problem, entrusted for calculates the objective function associated to each solution proposed by the master stage. As objective function was used the reduction of power loss on the electrical grid, associated to the energy transport. To validate the solution methodologies proposed were used the test systems of 21 and 69 buses, by implementing three levels of maximum distributed power penetration: 20%, 40% and 60% of the power supplied by the slack bus, without considering distributed generators installed on the electrical grid. The simulations were carried out in the software Matlab, by demonstrating that the methods with the best performance was the BH/SA, due to that show the best trade-off between the reduction of the power loss and processing time, for solving the optimal power flow problem in direct current networks.
Análisis de estabilidad de convertidores de segundo orden con la metodología de optimización de suma de polinomios cuadráticos
Authors: Herrera-Pérez Jhon Jairo , Garcés-Ruiz Alejandro
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a non-linear method based on sum-of-squares (SOS), to determine the stability of equilibrium points for the Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost and non-inverter Buck-Boost converters. These converters share a similar structure with a PI controller to regulate the output voltage. A quadratic Lyapunov function is proposed in all cases, and the conditions for stability are evaluated using convex optimization based on SOS models. The methodology is useful for academic purposes but also in practical applications like DC microgrids. Simulation results shows the advantages of the proposed method.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ЕКЗАМЕНУ З КУРСАНТАМИ НАПРЯМУ АВТОМОБІЛЬНИЙ ТРАНСПОРТ ШЛЯХОМ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ РЕСУРСІВ GOOGLE ТА ZOOM
Authors: ГОЛОВНЯ Сергій , ПСЬОЛ Сергій , МАШТАЛЕР Анатолій
Published: January 2021

У статті представлена технологія організації та проведення екзамену в умовах дистанційного навчання. Розкриті загальні підходи, що треба враховувати під час віддаленого прийняття звітностей. Представлено дистанційний варіант класичного варіанту екзамену, що здається за білетами. Для інструментального забезпечення запропоновано застосовувати такі програмні продукти як Google, Zoom, TeamViewer. Застосування представлених програмних продуктів дозволить реалізувати запропоновану технологію дистанційного прийняття екзамену в умовах будь-якого навчального закладу. Технологію проведення екзамену у дистанційній формі представлено за етапами: підготовки екзаменаційних білетів, організаційних заходів та безпосередньо проведення самого екзамену. Розглянута процедура створення білетів за допомогою Google диска, Google документа та Google таблиці. Представлена можливість автоматизації процесу доступу до білетів за рахунок використання інструменту гіперсилок Google таблиць. Запропоновано механізм обмеження доступу сторонніх осіб до матеріалів білетів під час проведення екзамену. Надано варіант організації спільної роботи членів екзаменаційної комісії під час проведення екзамену та перевірки результатів складання іспиту з використанням електронного журналу у Google таблиці. Представлено варіант організації екзамену, який дозволить забезпечити адекватність перевірки знань курсантів, мінімізувати ймовірність не відповідності матеріалів екзамену результатам навчання, визначених робочими навчальними програмами. Запропоновано підхід, що обмежує тролінг під час застосування програми Zoom, а також зменшує шанс зриву екзамену у результаті доступу до програми Zoom сторонніх осіб. На основі технічних можливостей програми Zoom описаний порядок дій щодо зменшення негативного впливу сторонніх осіб, а також обмеження їх доступу до інструментів програми Zoom.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ДОСВІДУ ПРАКТИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ У МАЙБУТНІХ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ЮРИСТІВ НА ЗАСАДАХ КОМПЕТЕНТНІСНОГО ПІДХОДУ
Authors: ФЕДОРЕНКО Олена , РАДЧЕНКО Костянтин
Published: January 2021

Стаття присвячена проблемі формування професійної компетентності у майбутніх юристів військових підрозділів. У статті конкретизовано сутність феномену «професійна компетентність майбутніх військових юристів» і визначено його як цілісне, складне особистісне утворення, інтегративну якість особистості, яка поєднує володіння майбутнім фахівцем системою знань, умінь та навичок військово-юридичного спрямування, сформованість професійно важливих якостей особистості юриста, що забезпечують ефективне виконання професійних функцій з метою дотримання й захисту прав і свобод людини, загальних інтересів суспільства та держави в умовах мирного та воєнного часу. У структурі феномену виокремлено загально професійну, особистісну, комунікативну, фахову та військово-спеціальну складові даного феномену, надано їх характеристику. Визначено змістові компоненти професійної компетентності майбутнього військового юриста: знанієво-термінологічний (охоплює загально професійну складову компетентності); професійно-особистісний (поєднує особистісну, комунікативну складові, а також мотивацію до професійної діяльності); професійно-операційний (включає фахові та військово-спеціальні складові компетентності). У статті представлено алгоритм проведення різних типів занять, спрямований на відпрацювання практичних дій, умінь, навичок при вивченні дисциплін циклу професійної підготовки: сприйняття студентом нової інформації (зразків дій, прийомів); усвідомлення й фіксація нової інформації; ознайомлення зі сферою (ситуаціями) її застосування та прикладами використання; оволодіння практичними діями, прийомами самостійного застосування знань; самостійне застосування дій у різних ситуаціях (набуття досвіду практичної діяльності). Розкрито дидактичні можливості супроводження виробничої (юридичної) практики та військового стажування студентів задля набуття майбутніми військовими юристами досвіду практичної діяльності під час їх проходження.
PENGARUH PEMATAHAN DORMANSI TERHADAP VIABILITAS BENIH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L)
Authors: Intan sari
Published: January 2021

Penelitian pengaruh pematahan dormansi terhadap viabilitas benih pepaya (carica papaya l)

Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan April sampai Juli Tahun 2020 bertempat di laboratoriumAgroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian jalan Provinsi Parit. 1 Tembilahan Hulu.

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pematahan masa dormansi dan memperoleh perlakuan terbaik terhadap viabilitas benih Cabai Merah (Capsiccum annum  L)). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) non faktorial, terdiri dari 6 perlakuan  terdiri dari (tanpa perendaman, Perendaman dengan air mineral selama 24 jam, Perendaman dengan air mineral hangat 50o C selama 24 jam, Perendaman dengan air cabai merah selama 12 jam, Perendaman dengan air cabai merah selama 24 jam, Perendaman dengan air cabai merah selama 48 jam) dan 3 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (uji F) dan  dilanjutkan dengan Tukey HSD pada taraf 5%.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perlakuan pematahan dormansi tidak mempengaruhi viabilitas benih cabai merah (Capsicum annum L) dengan parameter pengamatan daya tumbuh benih, kecepatan tumbuh benih, indeks vigor, panjang hipokotil dan berat basah kecambah. Perlakuan yang optimal adalah tanpa perendaman benih cabai merah dengan air biasa dan air cabai merah.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL REGULATIONS REQUIREMENTS CONCERNING CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT OF THE MOVABLE PRESSURE EQUIPMENT
Authors: Sulym A. , Semko Z.
Published: January 2021

Comparative analysis of main requirements of the technical regulations concerning conformity assessment of the movable pressure equipment is given in the article. Terms, used in the technical regulations are considered, similarity and divergence of requirements is analyzed, classification of dangerous goods, examples of liabilities of the assessment process participants, appointed bodies concerning their activities is given.
Ichthyofauna in an ecological station in the Pantanal of Brazil: the hydrological cycle affecting species composition
Authors: Pains da Silva H. , Barbosa A. P. D. , Silva L. N. L. , Oliveira Jr E. S. , Corrêa F. , Kantek D. L. Z. , Muniz C. C.
Published: January 2021

This research aims to describe the ichthyological fauna in the area surrounding the Taiamã Ecological Station in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Three expeditions were carried out, in September 2014, February 2015 and May/2015, in seasons ranging from the hydrological conditions of high waters (flood), low waters (drought), and decreasing waters (ebbing). During the research we sampled 3,664 individuals from six orders, 28 families and 78 species. Characiformes was the most abundant order (̴ 81 % of individuals), followed by Siluriformes (̴ 13 % of individuals), and Gymnotiformes (̴ 4 % of individuals). The most representative species were Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858), Serrapinus calliurus (Boulenger, 1900), Odontostilbe pequira (Steindachner, 1882) and Pimelodella gracilis (Valenciennes, 1840). The dry period showed the highest abundance (1,541 individuals), richness (61 species), diversity (H’ = 2.69) and equitability (J’ = 0.65). These results fill a gap concerning species composition in the Pantanal, mainly referring to data available on Conservation Unit, and its surroundings. Moreover, this research provides a database to update the checklist of fish species in a remote wetland, offering a tool for management and conservation.

Data published through GBIF (Doi: 10.15470/jjpuuu)
RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO277 OMAX: Offshore Malta Aquifer Exploration, Emden (Germany) – Emden (Germany), 14.08. – 03.10.2020
Authors: Berndt Christian
Published: January 2021

SO277 OMAX served two scientific projects. The objectives of the first project, SMART, were to develop multi-disciplinary methodologies to detect, quantify, and model offshore groundwater reservoirs in regions dominated by carbonate geology such as the Mediterranean Sea. To this end we acquired controlled-source electromagnetic, seismic, hydroacoustic, geochemical, seafloor imagery data off Malta. Preliminary evaluation of the geophysical data show that there are resisitivity anomalies that may represent offshore freshwater aquifers. The absence of evidence for offshore springs means that these aquifers would be confined and that it will be difficult to use them in a sustainable manner. The objective of the second project, MAPACT-ETNA, is to monitor the flank of Etna volcano on Sicily which is slowly deforming seaward. Here, we deployed six seafloor geodesy stations and six ocean bottom seismometers for long-term observation (1-3 years). In addition, we mapped the seafloor off Mt. Etna and off the island of Stromboli to constrain the geological processes that control volcanic flank stability.
Mother, infant, and father: development and gender in a cross-cultural dialogue
Authors: Thomson-Salo Frances
Published: January 2021

The author outlines issues in development and gender for the developing infant and parent, and discusses interventions for mother–infant dyads that are struggling. She concludes that if parents can make a relationship with their new infant in which the infant feels readable, the mother in particular is more likely to feel whole again. She gives vignettes of babies and mothers that recover from early deficits, giving the baby a more substantial footing and the mother a new view of herself as a mother.
The abortion of female foetuses and the killing of newborn girls in China—the power of unconscious phantasies
Authors: Gerlach Alf
Published: January 2021

In China, the one-child policy has cemented the imbalance between male and female newborns, the social and psychological consequences of which are difficult to assess. The targeted abortion of female foetuses goes back to traditions anchored in Confucian culture. This article examines the tensions in gender relations and in the inner representation of gender that are linked to the practice of gender-specific abortion. Using examples from psychoanalytic self-experience groups, the article shows how such conflicts can break out and be expressed in the individual psyche, but also between the group participants. With the help of the distinction between an ethnic and an idiosyncratic unconscious, an attempt is made to better understand the specific inner representation of gender in men and women in China. The author explores male reaction formations against women, male fear of castration, and of control by women through men's mothers, as well as a kind of ongoing unconscious "duel between the sexes" that involves gender discrimination that continues to this day.
Changing family and marital structure in China
Authors: Scharff David E.
Published: January 2021

The author summarises factors that have played on changing roles and configurations in Chinese marriages and families in the last seventy years, including the one-child policy, periods of national trauma, and the recent stresses on families as China becomes more urban, individualistic, and entrepreneurial. He gives two family vignettes, one a couple that faces the strain of different expectations for their marriage, and the other a family with a history of trauma, alcoholism, and a school refusing adolescent girl, illustrating how couples and families experience the strains on modern Chinese families.
Structural Stability Under Different Organic Fertilizers Management in Paddy Soil
Authors: Roy S , Rahman MM , Rahman GKMM , Miah MG , Kamal MZU
Published: January 2021

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of organic carbon on soil structural stability and establish a correlation between soil aggregates with carbon (C) sequestration and different ratios of basic cations. Five treatments viz. control, cowdung, vermicompost, rice straw and poultry manure were laid out in a randomized complete block design in Boro rice cultivation where organic materials were applied considering 2 t C ha-1 except the control. The data revealed that different organic amendments insignificantly influenced soil carbon sequestration and water stable soil aggregates. However, a positive effect was found on C enhancement of soil with vermicompost and poultry manure treatments. Nonetheless, a positive relationship between total stable soil aggregates and C sequestration at crop harvest was also noticed. Improvement in soil aggregates followed the order of rice straw>poultry manure>vermicompost>cowdung treatments. Monovalent cationic ratios and cationic ratios on structural stability of soil significantly increased the stable soil aggregates of 0.25 mm sized particles at crop harvest.

Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(1) : 15-24
Seroconversion of Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody IgM and IgG in Melioidosis
Authors: Janaki Arumugam , Hin How Soon , Zainulabid Ummu Afeera , Mahmud Mohammed Imad A Mustafa , Rahman Jamaluddin Ab , Rahman Ahmad Kashfi Ab , Kuan Yeh Chunn
Published: January 2021

Background: There are several serological tests used in the diagnosis of melioidosis. However, the interpretation of the results can be problematic in endemic areas because there might be a high background positivity due to previous exposure.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the usefulness of Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody (IFA) IgM and IgG in the diagnosis of melioidosis and the time for seroconversion.

Methodology: We prospectively studied the trend of IFA IgM and IgG in 40 patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis over three months at six different time points (days 1, 8, 15, 30, 60, and 90).

Results: From the results, 37.5% and 32.5% of patients had IFA IgM and IgG of ≤ 1:20 respectively on day 1 when the blood culture was positive. The natural log (ln) of the titres was used for the analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant changes in both IgM (p= 0.001) and IgG (p= 0.045) respectively throughout six sampling time points. Both the means of ln IgM and ln IgG peaked at day 15. At day 90, mean ln IgG remained high but mean ln IgM dropped to a level below that of day one. All culture-confirmed melioidosis patients recorded a maximum IFA IgM titre of at least 1: 80, but all subsequently dropped to below this level at day 90.

Conclusion: IFA IgM is a more useful diagnostic serological marker than IFA IgG in acute melioidosis.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(2):61-66
Management of Hemodialysis Unit for Care Receivers in a Specialized Hospital
Authors: Sultana Arifa , Islam ANM Shamsul , Mittra China Rani , Khatun Salma , Saha Ashees Kumar
Published: January 2021

Background: Chronic Kidney disease is becoming a global public health problem throughout the world.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the management status of hemodialysis unit for care receivers in a specialized hospital.

Methodology: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study. The participants were selected by purposive sampling method on the basis of defined selection criteria from January 2015 to December 2016. The place of study was National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology (NIKDU) hospital, Dhaka. The research instruments were a semi structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Data were collected from respondents by face to face interview and an observational Checklist was also used to collect information regarding administrative facility, physical facility and utility services.

Result: The findings of the study were presented by frequency, percentage in tables. Means and standard deviations for continuous variables and frequency distributions for categorical variables were used to describe the characteristics of the total sample. Among the service receiver, mean age was 46.65±13.53 years of which 69.9 %( n=58) were male and their average monthly income Tk. 20670±14811. Formalin and hydrogen per oxide were used to wash dialyzer. In the support services unit, equipment and stationery were supplied always. Ratio of health care receiver and provider in the unit was Patient-doctor ratio 1:15 and Patient-nurse ratio 1:6. From the respondents 38 (45.8%) said that, doctor/ nurse visit them thrice per cycle. In majority of respondents, were satisfied regarding the unit including doctors and nurses activities, physical facilities, and cleanliness of the unit, except the cleanliness of toilet.

Conclusion: Increasing number of functioning dialysis machine, skilled manpower, medicine supply and strict infection control measure could be helpful to improve the management status of the hemodialysis unit of NIKDU.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(2):84-89
Model Pemgembangan Mutu Pendidikan Dalam Perspektif Philip. B. Crosby
Authors: Rahman Marita Lailia
Published: January 2021

Some figures present the concept of quality to the world’s corporate which then many scientists have adopted for the education’s world. The famous Deming’s quality concept is plan, do, check, analyze, while the famous Juran’s quality concept is quality planning, quality controlling, and quality improvement. All these concepts if applicable in the world of education will have a positive impact on the improvement of quality’s education. Some figures as Philip Crosby offer some strategies to increase quality. It can be adopted for educational institution to improve its quality. Crosby offer Zero Defect concept that explained for fourteen steps to applicate in every educational institution in order to manage and improve education’s quality. Every manager or the leader of educational institution should always innovate and develop their educational institutions so that students can compete in the era of globalization

 

[Beberapa tokoh menyajikan konsep mutu untuk dunia perusahaan yang kemudian banyak para ilmuwan yang mengadopsinya untuk dunia pendidikan. Konsep mutu Deming yang terkenal adalah plan, do, check, analyze. Sedangkan konsep mutu Juran yang terkenal adalah trilogi Juran yaitu perencanaan kualitas, pengendalian kualitas, dan perbaikan kualitas. Semua konsep tersebut jika dapat diterapkan dalam dunia pendidikan akan memiliki dampak positif bagi peningkatan mutu pendidikan. Para tokoh seperti Philip Crosby pun menawarkan beberapa strategi untuk meningkatkan mutu. Hal tersebut dapat diadopsi bagi lembaga pendidikan untuk meningkatkan kualitasnya. Crosby menawarkan konsep Zero Defect yang dijabarkan lagi dalam empat belas langkah untuk diaplikasikan dalam setiap organisasi ataupun lembaga pendidikan agar dapat mengatur dan meningkatkan mutu lembaga pendidikan. Setiap manajer atau pimpinan lembaga pendidikan seharusnya selalu berinovasi dan mengembangkan lembaga pendidikannya agar peserta didik dapat bersaing di era globalisasi.]
65 YAŞ VE ÜSTÜ ERKEK TÜKETİCİLERİN COVID-19 DÖNEMİNDE ONLINE ALIŞVERİŞ EĞİLİMLERİNİ BELİRLEYEN NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: DERAL Bora , KAZANÇOĞLU İpek
Published: January 2021

Covid-19 salgını sürecinde birçok ülkede olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de 65 yaş ve üstü kişilere uygulanan sokağa çıkma yasağının başlamasıyla birlikte, bu yaş grubunda yer alan tüketiciler başta zorunluluktan dolayı hızlı ve pratik yol olan online alışverişi tercih etmeye başlamışlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde ülkemizde sokağa çıkma kısıtlaması getirilen Bebek Patlaması kuşağı içinde yer alan 65 yaş ve üstü yaş grubunda yer alan erkek tüketicilerin online alışverişe olan eğilimlerini değerlendirmektir. Bu doğrultuda bu yaş grubundan 6 erkek tüketici ile nitel bir araştırma olarak derinlemesine görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Covid-19 salgınının, katılımcıların online alışverişi tercih edip etmedikleri, bu süreçte yaşadıkları zorluklar, endişeleri ile online alışverişi neden tercih edip etmedikleri tespit edilmeye ve düşünceleri öğrenilmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA Nitel Veri analiz programı desteğiyle içerik analizi yapılarak kodlanmış ve yorumlanmıştır.
Robotic biomimicry demonstrates behavioral control of planktonic dispersal in the sea
Authors: Morgan SG , Dibble CD , Susner MG , Wolcott TG , Wolcott DL , Largier JL
Published: January 2021

Plankton are widely considered to be at the mercy of ocean currents, even after decades of research revealing that plankton regulate dispersal by positioning themselves in surface and bottom currents flowing in different directions. The degree of effectiveness of these behaviors remains controversial, because tiny plankters cannot be tracked at sea. Here, we experimentally tested the effectiveness of 3 vertical positioning behaviors in nature by developing a biomimetic robot that emulates them. We conducted a challenging test by deploying them in complex circulation during strong upwelling winds and wind relaxation and reversal events. Behavior alone dramatically affected transport. Transport trajectories of robots with 3 different behaviors diverged markedly while those sharing the same behavior were very similar. Moreover, all 3 behaviors produced trajectories that matched previously modeled projections during both upwelling and relaxation conditions at the study site: shallow plankton disperse far, deep plankton move little, and plankton migrating from depth during the day to the surface at night travel an intermediate distance. The ability of weakly swimming plankton to control their fate and replenish populations in a dynamic ocean is of central importance to the ecology and evolution of marine life and to the management of resources in a changing climate.
Sexual segregation of gannet foraging over 11 years: movements vary but isotopic differences remain stable
Authors: Clark BL , Cox SL , Atkins KM , Bearhop S , Bicknell AWJ , Bodey TW , Cleasby IR , Grecian WJ , Hamer KC , Loveday BR , Miller PI , Morgan G , Morgan L , Newton J , Patrick SC , Scales KL , Sherley RB , Vigfúsdóttir F , Wakefield ED , Votier SC
Published: January 2021

Sex-specific niche differentiation is common in marine vertebrates, but how this varies long-term is poorly understood. Here we investigated interannual variation in sexual segregation among breeding northern gannets Morus bassanus, wide-ranging central-place foragers with slight sexual dimorphism. Over 11 breeding seasons, we used GPS tracking and/or stable isotopes to test for sex differences in foraging trip characteristics (range, duration and timing); spatial distribution; habitat selection; and carbon and nitrogen isotopes in blood. When combining data from all years, females foraged further and for longer than males, yet despite this, the foraging areas of the sexes almost completely overlapped. Males and females selected foraging habitats that differed in terms of oceanography but not fishing vessel density. We also detected temporal segregation: females were more likely to be at sea during the day than at night, while males were more likely to be at sea during the night. However, foraging behaviour quantified by all GPS analyses varied interannually, with sex differences detected in some years but not others. Finally, males had consistently higher red blood cell δ13C and δ15N than females across all years, which was not driven by size dimorphism, instead likely by prey choice or very fine-scale habitat selection. We conclude that environmental variation influenced short-term sex differences in movement, but sex differences in stable isotopes that integrate behaviour over longer periods reveal more consistent differences. Our results suggest that inferences drawn from single-year studies may not relate to general patterns, highlighting the importance of long-term studies and combining methods.
Effects of Acceleration-Induced Reductions in Retinal and Cerebral Oxygenation on Human Performance
Authors: Croft Rodney J. , Kölegård Roger , Tribukait Arne , Taylor Nigel A. S. , Eiken Ola
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Ischemic hypoxia induced by suprathreshold G-force loading can adversely affect vision, cognition, and lead to loss of consciousness (LOC). The purpose of this study was to determine whether reductions in cerebral oxygenation, caused by subthreshold G-forces (up to
4 Gz and of limited durations that do not lead to LOC), would affect visual perception and working memory performance.METHODS: Sixteen subjects performed visual perception and working memory tasks both before and during Gz exposures (1, 2.2, 3, 4 with leg pressurization,
4 with leg and abdomen pressurization) within a human-use centrifuge.RESULTS: As measured using near-infrared spectroscopy, blood oxygenation over medial prefrontal cortex was similar in the 1 and 2.2 Gz conditions, but was reduced to a similar extent in the 3 and 4 Gz
conditions. In parallel, visual perception accuracy was reduced in the 3 and 4 Gz conditions, with no difference between the 3 and 4 Gz conditions. No change in reaction time was seen. Conversely, neither accuracy nor reaction time changes were observed for the visual
working memory task.DISCUSSION: These results indicate that although visual working memory is not affected, the ability to visually discriminate between stimuli is reduced at G-forces as low as 3 and 4 Gz. This may have important ramifications for pilots who are routinely
subjected to such forces.Croft RJ, Klegrd R, Tribukait A, Taylor NAS, Eiken O. Effects of acceleration-induced reductions in retinal and cerebral oxygenation on human performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(2):7582.
Aeromedical Implications of Cerebral Cavernomas
Authors: Jagathesan Tania , OBrien Michael
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Cavernomas, cavernous angiomas, or cerebral cavernous malformations are clusters of endothelium-lined blood vessels usually found in the brain. With the increasing use of radiological imaging, these are being detected incidentally in asymptomatic aircrew. The UK Civil
Aviation Authority (CAA) experience of cavernomas is described and the aeromedical concerns, that is, the risk of epilepsy, hemorrhage, and the development of a neurological deficit, are considered.METHODS: A search of the CAA database between 1990 and 2020 was performed for the
term cavernoma. The gender, age at diagnosis, class of certification held, clinical presentation, location, and size of the lesion were noted. A PubMed literature review for papers with complications of cavernoma was performed.RESULTS: Six cases of cavernoma have been declared to
the CAA: five professional pilots and one private pilot. Five were men and one was a woman. The age range was between 38 and 60 yr, with a mean of 48 yr. Two cases presented with clinical symptoms and four were asymptomatic. Complication rates for seizure and hemorrhage were extracted from
the published literature together with the significance of other factors such as cavernoma size, family history, multiplicity, and the development of new lesions.DISCUSSION: A policy for the medical certification of aircrew with cavernomas that have presented with clinical symptoms
and those that are detected incidentally is proposed.Jagathesan T, OBrien M. Aeromedical implications of cerebral cavernomas. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(2):120123.
Girl Protagonists of Chilean Dictatorship Novels for the Young
Authors: Munoz-Chereau Bernardita
Published: January 2021

Narratives for children about Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship in Chile (1973–89) written by the sons and daughters of that era constitute a recognised genre. For the most part the genre features boy characters who not only have voice and choice, but also unrealistically win the fight against the oppressors. This paper examines two of the rare works with girl protagonists, paying attention to how their voices are constructed: Mariana Osorio Gumá's Tal vez vuelvan los pájaros [Maybe the birds will return] (Mexico, 2013) and Matilde by Carola Martínez Arroyo (Argentina, 2016). I apply Deleuze's theories about the gaze to girls to identify patterns that afford the construction of ‘lucid’ protagonists in terms of recurring modes of language production (silence, ordered discourse, invention), giving rise to inquisitive girls. Through the construction of a girl's lucid gaze, which can withstand and narrate the horrors of the dictatorship, these novels offer young audiences a powerful space for historic and collective memory.
ASPECTS OF SAFE AND SECURE TRUCK PARKING AREAS DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE AND THEIR IMPACT ON ROAD SAFETY AND FOLLOVING THE SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Authors:   European Integration Division AsMAP Ukraine, Sabanska Olga
Published: January 2021

The current situation is considered on the development of safe and secure parking areas for trucks in Europe. The reports of the International Road Transport Union were analyzed on the European Union-funded project on Safe and secure truck parking areas for trucks in Europe and a final report on the study of safe and secure places for truck parking in the EU. The analysis of European regulations is carried out on road infrastructure safety management, specification of truck parking zones, rules of working time and rest of the driver, as well as Ukrainian legislation on these issues. With a view to provide a consistent definition of secure truck parking areas and a quality framework, an EU-wide rating system and security and service at SSTPAs has been defined during the study that included participation by all key stakeholders within the road transport and logistics sector. This rating system should now be implemented as a standard by a newly created EU expert group. The quality of the entire system and of the individual secure truck parking areas shall be guaranteed by ensuring that independent third party audits will occur for all secure truck parking areas within the system. In the future this quality system could also link to ITS solutions for the road transport sector. The implementing the study results in both existing truck parking areas and in new truck parking areas and thereby increasing the number of available secure parking areas throughout Europe, there is a strong probability that cargo crime and incident rates will be reduced significantly and that the security and well-being of truck drivers will be improved, thereby benefitting road safety as well. Recommendations for possible measures to improve the legislation of Ukraine are provided in terms of establishing the SSTPA in view of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement provisions. Keywords: road safety, freight road transport, Safe and secure truck parking areas (SSTPA), EU Mobility package, driving and rest time rules of driver, Ukraine – EU Association Agreement.
WORLD EXPERIENCE OF SELECTION OF PRIORITY AREAS FOR THE EQUIPMENT OF BIO-TRANSITIONS AND FENCES FOR THE PROTECTION OF WILD ANIMALS
Authors:   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise, Lozova Tetiana , Yaroshchuk Lesya
Published: January 2021

The experience of data collection methods for the installation of bio-transitions and fences for the protection of wild animals is analyzed. The need of strategic forecasting and planning of bio-transitions for animals is substantiated. Ukraine has an advantageous territorial location and therefore it is necessary to work on the modernization, expansion and improvement of the entire road network so that there is no threat to the ecological balance. The current state of the transport and road complex of our country requires the use of foreign experience. The decision of site selection for bio-transitions arrangement requires information, experience, appropriate tools and resources to determine the sites that are most suitable for the construction of these facilities. Issues. In order to facilitate the unimpeded migration of wild animals and reduce their death rate, bio-transitions are actively used in many countries. Improperly designed and installed fences are the reason of their ineffectiveness, in some cases they are an obstacle to the reproduction of populations and a restriction of wildlife feeding. The purpose of the work is to analyze the world experience of the approaches of site selection for the arrangement of bio-transitions. Materials and methods. Analysis of information sources, in particular foreign ones, on approaches and methods of site selection for arrangement of engineering structures for animal crossing. Results. The analysis of foreign information sources on methods of monitoring the migration routes of wild animals to determine the location for bio-transitions arrangement is carried out. Conclusions. The main approaches to monitoring and data collection for the site selection for bio-transitions arrangement are proposed. Keywords: highway, animal monitoring, bio-transition.
Nano-Modified Titanium Implant Materials: A Way Toward Improved Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Liu Jianqiao , Liu Jia , Attarilar Shokouh , Wang Chong , Tamaddon Maryam , Yang Chengliang , Xie Kegong , Yao Jinguang , Wang Liqiang , Liu Chaozong , Tang Yujin
Published: January 2021

Graphical Abstract
Nanostructured Zirconia Surfaces Regulate Human Gingival Fibroblasts Behavior Through Differential Modulation of Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Wu Jincheng , Yu Pei , Lv Huling , Yang Shuang , Wu Zhe
Published: January 2021

Zirconia exhibits excellent biocompatibility and is widely used as dental implant materials in prosthodontics. Over the past years, research and development of dental implant biomaterials has focused on osseointegration, but few reports exist regarding the role of the immune environment on cellular responses to these materials. The present study investigates the effect of different nanostructured zirconia surface topographies on macrophage phenotypes and their influence on gingival fibroblast behavior. Three different nanostructured zirconia surfaces are characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle. Blank-machined zirconia (BMZ) surfaces were superior to RAW264.7 cell proliferation and adhesion. RAW264.7 seeded on all nanostructured zirconia surfaces polarized toward both inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages with more M2 macrophage phenotype on BMZ surfaces. Meanwhile, conditioned media (CM) from RAW264.7 culture on three nanostructured zirconia surfaces inhibited cell apoptosis to human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) but promoted HGF proliferation and secretion. Under modulation of RAW264.7 culture, HGFs cultured on BMZ surfaces significantly secreted more extracellular matrix with a higher expression of collagen-I (COL-I), vinculin (VCL), and fibronectin (FN) than those coated on self-glazed zirconia (CSGZ) and self-glazed zirconia (SGZ) surfaces. After being coated with a nano zirconia film, CSGZ surfaces showed certain changes in cell proliferation, adhesion, and protein production compared with SGZ surfaces. These findings will provide an overview of manipulating surface topography to modulate macrophage phenotypes in order to create an effective macrophage immune response and reinforce soft tissue integration.
Pulsatile Flow-Induced Fatigue-Resistant Photopolymerizable Hydrogels for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Poupart Oriane , Conti Riccardo , Schmocker Andreas , Pancaldi Lucio , Moser Christophe , Nuss Katja M. , Sakar Mahmut S. , Dobrocky Tomas , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Mosimann Pascal J. , Pioletti Dominique P.
Published: January 2021

An alternative intracranial aneurysm embolic agent is emerging in the form of hydrogels due to their ability to be injected in liquid phase and solidify in situ. Hydrogels have the ability to fill an aneurysm sac more completely compared to solid implants such as those used in coil embolization. Recently, the feasibility to implement photopolymerizable poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) hydrogels in vitro has been demonstrated for aneurysm application. Nonetheless, the physical and mechanical properties of such hydrogels require further characterization to evaluate their long-term integrity and stability to avoid implant compaction and aneurysm recurrence over time. To that end, molecular weight and polymer content of the hydrogels were tuned to match the elastic modulus and compliance of aneurysmal tissue while minimizing the swelling volume and pressure. The hydrogel precursor was injected and photopolymerized in an in vitro aneurysm model, designed by casting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) around 3D printed water-soluble sacrificial molds. The hydrogels were then exposed to a fatigue test under physiological pulsatile flow, inducing a combination of circumferential and shear stresses. The hydrogels withstood 5.5 million cycles and no significant weight loss of the implant was observed nor did the polymerized hydrogel protrude or migrate into the parent artery. Slight surface erosion defects of 2–10 μm in depth were observed after loading compared to 2 μm maximum for non-loaded hydrogels. These results show that our fine-tuned photopolymerized hydrogel is expected to withstand the physiological conditions of an in vivo implant study.
Extracellular Vesicles in Musculoskeletal Pathologies and Regeneration
Authors: Herrmann Marietta , Diederichs Solvig , Melnik Svitlana , Riegger Jana , Trivanović Drenka , Li Shushan , Jenei-Lanzl Zsuzsa , Brenner Rolf E. , Huber-Lang Markus , Zaucke Frank , Schildberg Frank A. , Grässel Susanne
Published: January 2021

The incidence of musculoskeletal diseases is steadily increasing with aging of the population. In the past years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained attention in musculoskeletal research. EVs have been associated with various musculoskeletal pathologies as well as suggested as treatment option. EVs play a pivotal role in communication between cells and their environment. Thereby, the EV cargo is highly dependent on their cellular origin. In this review, we summarize putative mechanisms by which EVs can contribute to musculoskeletal tissue homeostasis, regeneration and disease, in particular matrix remodeling and mineralization, pro-angiogenic effects and immunomodulatory activities. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) present the most frequently used cell source for EV generation for musculoskeletal applications, and herein we discuss how the MSC phenotype can influence the cargo and thus the regenerative potential of EVs. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (iMPs) may overcome current limitations of MSCs, and iMP-derived EVs are discussed as an alternative strategy. In the last part of the article, we focus on therapeutic applications of EVs and discuss both practical considerations for EV production and the current state of EV-based therapies.
Stimuli-Responsive, Plasmonic Nanogel for Dual Delivery of Curcumin and Photothermal Therapy for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Howaili Fadak , Özliseli Ezgi , Küçüktürkmen Berrin , Razavi Seyyede Mahboubeh , Sadeghizadeh Majid , Rosenholm Jessica M.
Published: January 2021

Nanogels (Ng) are crosslinked polymer-based hydrogel nanoparticles considered to be next-generation drug delivery systems due to their superior properties, including high drug loading capacity, low toxicity, and stimuli responsiveness. In this study, dually thermo-pH-responsive plasmonic nanogel (AuNP@Ng) was synthesized by grafting poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) to chitosan (CS) in the presence of a chemical crosslinker to serve as a drug carrier system. The nanogel was further incorporated with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) to provide simultaneous drug delivery and photothermal therapy (PTT). Curcumin's (Cur) low water solubility and low bioavailability are the biggest obstacles to effective use of curcumin for anticancer therapy, and these obstacles can be overcome by utilizing an efficient delivery system. Therefore, curcumin was chosen as a model drug to be loaded into the nanogel for enhancing the anticancer efficiency, and further, its therapeutic efficiency was enhanced by PTT of the formulated AuNP@Ng. Thorough characterization of Ng based on CS and PNIPAM was conducted to confirm successful synthesis. Furthermore, photothermal properties and swelling ratio of fabricated nanoparticles were evaluated. Morphology and size measurements of nanogel were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Nanogel was found to have a hydrodynamic size of ~167 nm and exhibited sustained release of curcumin up to 72 h with dual thermo-pH responsive drug release behavior, as examined under different temperature and pH conditions. Cytocompatibility of plasmonic nanogel was evaluated on MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer and non-tumorigenic MCF 10A cell lines, and the findings indicated the nanogel formulation to be cytocompatible. Nanoparticle uptake studies showed high internalization of nanoparticles in cancer cells when compared with non-tumorigenic cells and confocal microscopy further demonstrated that AuNP@Ng were internalized into the MDA-MB-231 cancer cells via endosomal route. In vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed dose-dependent and time-dependent drug delivery of curcumin loaded AuNP@Ng/Cur. Furthermore, the developed nanoparticles showed an improved chemotherapy efficacy when irradiated with near-infrared (NIR) laser (808 nm) in vitro. This work revealed that synthesized plasmonic nanogel loaded with curcumin (AuNP@Ng/Cur) can act as stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, having potential for dual therapy i.e., delivery of hydrophobic drug and photothermal therapy.