bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of standard essential patents in automotive industry: An analytical perspective
Authors: Patra Soumya P. , KD Raju
Published: December 2020

A limited number of companies own the majority of patents related to automotive safety systems. Absorption and implementation of such innovations in large markets require solutions that would go beyond what is protected through exclusive means namely, patents. Taking learnings from the field of communication, wherein by implementing what is known as standard‐essential patents, a horizontal deployment of a similar concept is required in other areas, most notably, automotive safety systems are necessitated. This study aims to explore the need for a practical approach to a broader technological, commercial, and social cause.
Nurses' and physicians' knowledge of guidelines for preventing catheter‐related blood stream infections
Authors: Al Qadire Mohammad , Hani Awatef Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Background

Catheter‐related blood stream infection (CRBSI) is considered a major challenge for health care providers working in intensive care units.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the knowledge of evidence‐based guidelines for preventing catheter‐related blood Stream infections among physicians and nurses working in critical care units in Jordan.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey design was utilized.

Methods

The study was conducted in five intensive care units; 181 nurses and 68 physicians were recruited from four governmental hospitals and one university‐affiliated hospital.

Results

The mean total knowledge score for physicians' knowledge was low at 2.6, SD 1.5 (out of 10). While the mean total score for nurses' knowledge was low at 3.3, SD 1.8 (out of 10). The independent t test shows that nurses had a significantly higher mean total knowledge score than physicians (P < .05).

Conclusions

The current study demonstrates that Jordanian nurses and physicians working in intensive care units have a low level of knowledge of the guidelines for preventing CRBSI. This problem should be addressed through routine assessment and evaluation and adoption and policies that make nurses and physicians comply with the evidence‐based guidelines. Finally, conducting regular educational programmes on CRBSI prevention, and evaluation of compliance with the guidelines in daily clinical practice, are strongly recommended.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results of the current study suggest the need for regular assessment of physicians' and nurses' knowledge and skills with regard to central venous catheter insertion and maintenance care. Based on this assessment and using the best available evidence, training programmes on the prevention of CRBSI should be developed. Courses might be online, face to face, or using high fidelity simulation. Finally, regular observation and evaluation of compliance with the CRBSI guidelines in daily clinical practice is needed.
Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey: a cryptogenic species with an invasive behaviour in Reyðarfjörður, Iceland
Authors: Micael Joana , Rodrigues Pedro , Gíslason Sindri
Published: December 2020

Rhizoclonium riparium is a cryptogenic macroalga that freely inhabits fresh, sea and brackish waters and is able to compete in a variety of habitats. In the summers of 2018 and 2019, this alga was found to form huge filamentous mats, covering all rocks, down to a depth of 3 m in a harbour in Reyðarfjörður, east Iceland. The species taxonomy was confirmed by molecular data. Here, we report the invasive behaviour of this species in Reyðarfjörður, which may represent a pool source for R. riparium dispersal, as hull fouling is the most likely vector for the spread of this species.
Ardisia daklakensis (Primulaceae), a new species from Vietnam
Authors: Nuraliev Maxim S. , Hu Chi‐Ming , Kuznetsov Andrey N. , Kuznetsova Svetlana P.
Published: December 2020

Ardisia daklakensis C.M. Hu & Nuraliev sp. nov. (Primulaceae) collected from lower montane forest of Chu Yang Sin National Park in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is assigned to the A. subg. Crispardisia Mez, and a key to related species is provided.
China–Pakistan Conventional Arms Trade: An Appraisal of Supplier's and Recipient's Motives
Authors: Ali Ghulam
Published: December 2020

This paper posits that the conventional arms trade between China and Pakistan is the most durable aspect of their relationship since the mid‐1960s. It carries out a succinct review of the relations to identify changes in key areas compared to continuity in the arms trade. The paper then looks into China's key motives as a supplier and Pakistan's as a recipient while focusing on political, economic, and technological factors; conversely, it excluded geopolitical reasons. This paper found that a mutuality of interests supports this arms trade. In return for its arms exports to Pakistan, China gained access to Western defense technology, earned revenue, and gained entry into the Islamic world. In addition, Pakistan proved itself as a marketer and testing ground of Chinese weapons. Islamabad initially approached Beijing to make up for the disruption caused by abrupt US sanctions but soon found China the trustiest supplier that also transferred technology, granted licenses for local production, trained engineers, and assisted in building defense industries to gain autarky. Both countries have become irreplaceable allies. The trajectory, marked by joint productions, joint military exercises, and advancement in China's weapon systems, coupled with congruence on regional security issues, indicates further strengthening of this arms trade.
CT more accurately detects foreign bodies within the equine foot than MRI or digital radiography
Authors: Ogden Nadine K. E. , Milner Peter I. , Stack John D. , Talbot Alison M.
Published: December 2020

Identification and characterization of foreign bodies in the distal limb of horses poses a diagnostic challenge. The aims of this prospective experimental cadaver study were to describe the appearance of five foreign body materials within the equine hoof using CT, MRI, and digital radiography (DR) and to compare interrater agreement among three reviewers. Fifty foreign bodies consisting of five materials were implanted at a solar location or a coronary location in 25 equine cadaver feet. The images were reviewed by three equine veterinarians experienced in advanced imaging interpretation, who were blinded to the material of the foreign body. Foreign bodies were graded on visibility and appearance. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for accurate identification of the different materials. Interrater agreement was assessed using Fleiss’ kappa. Computed tomography had higher visibility score, sensitivity/specificity, and interrater agreement for detection of all materials; particularly slate, glass, and dry wood, compared to the other imaging modalities. Soaked wood and plastic had lower sensitivity (31‐33%) on CT with a similar attenuation of the two materials. Foreign bodies were often visible on MRI, although with similar appearance and unclear details. On DR, only slate and glass were visible. The interrater agreement for identifying the correct material was almost perfect for slate, glass, and dry wood (κ = 0.92‐1.00) and poor for plastic and soaked wood (κ < 0.20) on CT. Interrater agreement was poor for all materials on MRI and DR (κ < 0.20), with the except for fair (κ = 0.28) for slate on DR and moderate (κ = 0.28) for soaked wood on MRI.
Animal Assisted Intervention at The Nelson ARK: A social work placement reflection
Authors: Meadows Letitia , Howieson Karen , Bashford Tessa , Silke-Atkins Brooke
Published: December 2020

The involvement of animals in aspects of social work assessments and interventions has been touted as a positive development. Yet, little attention has been given to the potential for animal involvement in social work education and training. This practice reflection describes social work student placements at The Nelson ARK, where Animal Assisted Intervention (AAI) is employed in programmes for youth. Social work placement coordinator, Letitia, and The Nelson ARK manager, Karen, provide the background to this initiative, while students, Tessa and Brooke, share a snapshot of their placement experiences that highlight a fresh appreciation of human–animal relations. From our collective experiences, the authors propose that field education in services that provide AAI affords novel and valuable learning for social work students.
Free to be children: Preventing child sexual abuse in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Elliott Sarah
Published: December 2020

Book review
Interviewing children and young people for research
Authors: Peake Julie
Published: December 2020

Book Review
Reflective practice in social work (5th ed.).
Authors: Wiseman Katie
Published: December 2020

Book review
Variation in Heart-Rate Profile During a Prolonged, Submaximal Swim Bout
Authors: Goss Curtis S. , Greenshields Joel T. , Brammer Chris L. , Kojima Kosuke , Wright Brian V. , Chapman Robert F. , Stager Joel M.
Published: December 2020

Purpose: To describe the heart-rate (HR) response during a prolonged, submaximal, multirepetition swimming bout (ie, typical early-season swimming training), as there is currently little or no literature on this topic. Methods: A total of 12 collegiate swimmers were instructed to complete sixty 91.4-m (100-yd) freestyle repetitions at their fastest sustainable pace, allowing between 5 and 10 seconds of rest between repetitions. Each swimmer was outfitted with a cardiotachometer, which monitored HR throughout the trial. Completion time (CT) was also recorded for each repetition. Individual means of HR and CT were calculated, and linear mixed models were used to determine the trend across repetitions and between- and within-subject SD for HR and CT. Results: The mean (SD) value for HR was 167.8 (10.8) beats per minute (bpm), for CT was 68.7 (4.1) seconds, and for percentage of best time was 71.2% (4.5%). There was no change (Δ rep 55–6) in HR (−0.1 bpm; 95% confidence interval, −6.8 to 6.6 bpm; P = .97), whereas CT increased (3.0 s; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–4.4 s; P = .001). The between-subjects SD (95% confidence interval) for HR was 12.6 (8.4–19.3 bpm) and for CT was 4.6 (3.1–7.0 s). The within-subject SDs for HR and CT were 4.0 (3.8–4.3 bpm) and 0.9 (0.8–0.95 s), respectively. Conclusions: The inherent individual variability between swimmers in HR during training suggests that coaches carefully consider the common practice of prescribing workout intensity using rigid HR zones.
A Qualitative Study of Youth Football Coaches’ Perception of Concussion Safety in American Youth Football and Their Experiences With Implementing Tackling Interventions
Authors: Sarmiento Kelly , Waltzman Dana , Borradaile Kelley , Hurwitz Andrew , Conroy Kara , Grazi Jaimie
Published: December 2020

Due in part to concern about the potential long-term effects of concussion and repetitive head injuries in football, some programs have implemented tackling interventions. This paper explores youth football coaches’ perception of football safety and their experiences implementing these interventions aimed at athlete safety. Using a qualitative approach, coaches were interviewed by means of a semi-structured protocol that covered: (a) demographics; (b) background and experiences with contact sports; (c) perceived concussion risks and benefits of youth football; (d) experiences with tackling technique; (e) experiences with mouth guard sensors; and (f) personal sources of training related to football safety. Most coaches felt that learning tackling at a young age helped prepare them for their playing later in life and believed that youth should begin playing tackle football at a young age. Coaches were mixed regarding their concerns about the risk for concussion and subconcussive head impacts. Still, most were receptive to changes in rules and policies aimed at making football safer. Findings from this study demonstrate that youth football coaches are important stakeholders to consider when implementing changes to youth football. Understanding coach perceptions and experiences may inform future efforts aimed to educate coaches on rules and policies to make the game safer for youth athletes.
Soft sensors that can feel it all
Authors: Majidi Carmel
Published: December 2020

Soft materials and machine learning combine to enable a sensor that distinguishes bending, stretching, and compression.
Establishing patterns of signaling
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: December 2020

The phosphorylation pattern of a GPCR C-terminal tail determines the effect on arrestin recruitment and conformation.
Brain rejuvenation by inhibiting stress response
Authors: Xinyi Su
Published: December 2020

Age-related cognitive decline can be reversed with small molecule inhibition of the stress response pathway.
Multicenter Evaluation of the Unyvero Platform for Testing Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Authors: Klein Matthias , Bacher Johannes , Barth Sandra , Atrzadeh Faranak , Siebenhaller Katja , Ferreira Inês , Beisken Stephan , Posch Andreas E. , Carroll Karen C. , Wunderink Richard G. , Qi Chao , Wu Fann , Hardy Dwight J. , Patel Robin , Sims Matthew D.
Published: December 2020

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture is a standard, though time-consuming, approach for identifying microorganisms in patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections. The sensitivity of BAL culture is relatively low, and prior antimicrobial therapy decreases the sensitivity further, leading to overuse of empirical antibiotics.
Distribution of Novel Og Types in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Cattle
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Huong , Iguchi Atsushi , Ohata Ritsuko , Kawai Hisahiro , Ooka Tadasuke , Nakajima Hiroshi , Iyoda Sunao
Published: December 2020

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) is an important foodborne pathogen. Although most cases of STEC infection in humans are due to O157 and non-O157 serogroups, there are also reports of infection with STEC strains that cannot be serologically classified into any O serogroup (O-serogroup untypeable [OUT]).
H1 Hemagglutinin Priming Provides Long-Lasting Heterosubtypic Immunity against H5N1 Challenge in the Mouse Model
Authors: Carreño Juan Manuel , Strohmeier Shirin , Kirkpatrick Roubidoux Ericka , Hai Rong , Palese Peter , Krammer Florian
Published: December 2020

Current studies point out that an HA-mediated immunological imprint is established early in life during the first exposure to influenza viruses, which critically shapes and biases future immune responses. However, these findings have not been confirmed in animal models, and the precise mechanisms of this phenomenon are not clearly understood.
Supplemental Material: Detrital zircon petrochronology of central Australia, and implications for the secular record of zircon trace element composition
Authors: Verdel C. , al. et
Published: December 2020

Table S1: Location information for new detrital zircon samples. Table S2: New zircon U-Pb and trace element data. Table S3: Compiled zircon U-Pb and trace element data. Figure S1: Comparison of Ce anomaly (A) and Eu anomaly (B) of zircons calculated using the method of Onuma et al. (1968) and traditional methods. Figure S2: Summary figures from zircon trace element compilation.
Synthesis of sulfenyl dipyrroles via reaction of α-free pyrroles with thionyl chloride
Authors: Beh Michael H.R. , Smith Craig D. , Robertson Katherine N. , Thompson Alison
Published: December 2020

Sulfenyl dipyrroles feature two pyrroles linked via a sulfenyl bridge. The synthesis of sulfenyl dipyrroles has typically involved SCl2 as the sulfur source. However, SCl2 is no longer readily available within North America and Europe. Herein we report a new synthesis of sulfenyl dipyrroles using SOCl2 as the sulfur source and reductant. Although five new sulfenyl dipyrroles were synthesized and isolated via this route, functional group tolerance proved limited. A potential mechanism for the reaction, involving reduction of a sulfinyl moiety by SOCl2, is briefly explored.
Jacobi no-core shell model for p-shell hypernuclei
Authors: Le Hoai , Haidenbauer Johann , Meißner Ulf-G. , Nogga Andreas
Published: December 2020

We extend the recently developed Jacobi no-core shell model to hypernuclei. Based on the coefficients of fractional parentage for ordinary nuclei, we define a basis where the hyperon is the spectator particle. We then formulate transition coefficients to states that single out a hyperon–nucleon pair which allow us to implement a hypernuclear many-baryon Hamiltonian for p-shell hypernuclei. As a first application, we use the basis states and the transition coefficients to calculate the ground states of $$^{4}_{\varLambda }\hbox {He}$$

Λ
4

He

, $$^{4}_{\varLambda }\hbox {H}$$

Λ
4

H

, $$^{5}_{\varLambda }\hbox {He}$$

Λ
5

He

, $$^{6}_{\varLambda }\hbox {He}$$

Λ
6

He

, $$^{6}_{\varLambda }\hbox {Li}$$

Λ
6

Li

, and $$^{7}_{\varLambda }\hbox {Li}$$

Λ
7

Li

and, additionally, the first excited states of $$^{4}_{\varLambda }\hbox {He}$$

Λ
4

He

, $$^{4}_{\varLambda }\hbox {H}$$

Λ
4

H

, and $$^{7}_{\varLambda }\hbox {Li}$$

Λ
7

Li

. In order to obtain converged results, we employ the similarity renormalization group (SRG) to soften the nucleon–nucleon and hyperon-nucleon interactions. Although the dependence on this evolution of the Hamiltonian is significant, we show that a strong correlation of the results can be used to identify preferred SRG parameters. This allows for meaningful predictions of hypernuclear binding and excitation energies. The transition coefficients will be made publicly available as HDF5 data files.
Multiloop contributions to the on-shell-$$ \overline{{\mathrm{MS}}}$$ heavy quark mass relation in QCD and the asymptotic structure of the corresponding series: the updated consideration
Authors: Kataev A. L. , Molokoedov V. S.
Published: December 2020

The asymptotic structure of the QCD perturbative relation between the on-shell and$$\overline{{\mathrm{MS}}}$$MS¯heavy quark masses is studied. We estimate the five and six-loop contributions to this relation by three different techniques. First, the effective charges motivated approach in two variants is used. Second, the results following from the large-$$\beta _0$$β0approximation are analyzed. Finally, the consequences of applying the asymptotic renormalon-based formula are investigated. We show that all approaches lead to corrections which are qualitatively consistent in order of magnitude. Their sign-alternating character in powers of the number of massless quarks is demonstrated. We emphasize that there is no contradiction in the behavior of the fine structure of the renormalon-based estimates with other approaches if one use the detailed information about the normalization factor included in the renormalon asymptotic formula. The obtained five- and six-loop estimates indicate that in the case of theb-quark the asymptotic character of the studied relation manifests itself above the fourth order of PT, whereas for thet-quark it starts to reveal itself after the seventh order. This allows to conclude that like the running masses, the pole masses of theband especiallyt-quark in principle may be used in the phenomenologically-oriented studies.
Nondipping Blood Pressure: Predictive or Reactive Failure of Renal Sodium Handling?
Authors: Ivy Jessica R. , Bailey Matthew A.
Published: December 2020

Blood pressure follows a daily rhythm, dipping during nocturnal sleep in humans. Attenuation of this dip (nondipping) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Renal control of sodium homeostasis is essential for long-term blood pressure control. Sodium reabsorption and excretion have rhythms that rely on predictive/circadian as well as reactive adaptations. We explore how these rhythms might contribute to blood pressure rhythm in health and disease.
Advances in Properties of Rubber Reinforced Soil
Authors: Yang Zhongnian , Zhang Qi , Shi Wei , Lv Jianhang , Lu Zhaochi , Ling Xianzhang
Published: December 2020

The accumulation of waste tires is a global resource and environmental problem. The landfill or incineration of tires will infiltrate toxic chemicals into the surrounding environment, which poses a serious ecological threat to the environment. A large number of studies have shown that waste tires can be used in geotechnical engineering, which provides a good idea for the recycling of waste tires. Up to now, researchers have tested the performance of soil mixed with waste tires by dynamic triaxial test, California load ratio test, unconfined compression test, direct shear test, consolidation test, and expansive force test. The results show that the stability and strength of the soil can be enhanced by adding about 20% rubber particles to the expansive soil, and the expansion, contraction, and consolidation characteristics of the expansive soil can be significantly improved. Rubber can improve the mechanical properties and deformation properties of sand. The rubber sand with a rubber content of 30% is often used as the isolation layer of middle and low buildings. However, it remains to be seen whether it is sustainable and durable to use waste tire rubber to improve soil properties and whether the chemical composition of waste tire rubber will have adverse effects on soil. So, more researchers are encouraged to look into this question. Here, we review the method and effect of rubber reinforcement technology with scrap tires and introduce the practical application of rubber reinforcement technology in engineering, such as specific engineering projects for retaining wall, road filling, shock absorption, and vibration isolation. This review will be of great significance and broad prospects for the reuse of waste tires and the development of geotechnical engineering.
Correlation Research of TBM Tunnel Rock Mechanical Characteristics, Chiseling Specific Energy, and Abrasion Performance: Case Study of Jiaozhou Bay Subsea Tunnel in Qingdao
Authors: Wang Yawei , Zhang You , Wu Guang
Published: December 2020

This paper takes Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay subsea tunnel project as the research object to study the relationship among rock mechanical parameters and chiseling specific energy and abrasion performance. SPSS22 was used to analyze the correlation between the parameters. The results show that except for the low correlation with Poisson ratio, all the other parameters in the single factor correlation analysis have high

R

. By taking the chiseling specific energy and abrasion performance as dependent variables, taking each mechanical parameter as an independent variable, multifactor regression analysis and stepwise multifactor fitting were carried out; it was concluded that the abrasion performance was highly correlated with uniaxial compressive strength and integrity coefficient, and the chiseling specific energy is highly correlated with uniaxial compressive strength and softening coefficient. In the process of verifying the fitting models, it is found that, under the influence of quartz vein and microfissure in the specimens, the chiseling specific energy formula has a higher fitting value, while the fitting formula of abrasion performance has a higher reference value for the specimens in the study area.
Antipseudomonal β-Lactams Resistance in Iran
Authors: Rabiei Mohammad Mahdi , Asadi Keivan , Shokouhi Shervin , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Alavi Darazam Ilad
Published: December 2020

Over the last years, the mortality rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is one of the major reasons for severe infections, has been significantly increasing. This bacterium is highly resistant to many antibiotics, especially carbapenems, thanks to its complicated mechanism by which it can acquire exogenous genes. The purpose of this research is to have a review of empirical studies surveying the P. aeruginosa resistance to beta-lactams in Iran in order to investigate the most reliable methods by which the incidence of P. aeruginosa infections can be decreased and controlled. We performed a systematic review of all articles published from 2008 until 2018. Studies which did not address P. aeruginosa resistance to beta-lactams were excluded from the analysis. Studies with less than 10 cases were also excluded. Studies with more than ten cases, which did not have repetitive information, were taken into account for the final selection; 133 out of 893 articles were chosen. The resistance rate of P. aeruginosa among the articles was as follows: more than 72% of studies revealed >50% level of resistance to cefepime, followed by aztreonam (53.2%), ceftazidime (61%), piperacillin/tazobactam (54.5%), meropenem (48.3%), and imipenem (42.4%). The selection of empiric antipseudomonal antibiotics is absolutely uncertain and hazardous, and the risk of clinical failure may be more among cephalosporins and piperacillin-tazobactam as well as aztreonam. The results of this study illustrate that the methods enabling clinics to identify the bacterium resistance pattern and its genetic basis and to have the opportunity of empiric therapies through access to updated local data of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern are the most effective methods. However, the widespread usage of these approaches undoubtedly needs reliable molecular and nucleic acid-based devices, which are both affordable and available.
Prolonged Response of a Patient with Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia to a Novel Oral Bromodomain Extraterminal Inhibitor (BETi)
Authors: Chang Muñoz Meilen , Murphy Jennifer A. , Wolff Johannes E. , Jonas Brian A.
Published: December 2020

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive clonal bone marrow cancer characterized by high rates of relapse and mortality. A middle-aged woman with AML relapsed twice after achieving complete remission with induction therapy and subsequent salvage therapy. She was then enrolled in a clinical trial with the bromodomain extraterminal inhibitor (BETi) mivebresib and achieved complete remission with incomplete count recovery (CRi) with monotherapy. Subsequently, she relapsed and was transitioned to combination therapy with mivebresib plus venetoclax and achieved CR again. The patient required eltrombopag to decrease platelet dependence in both arms of the trial and exhibited less myelosuppression with the combination therapy. The exceptional response to mivebresib demonstrated by this patient underscores the therapeutic potential of mivebresib.
Parkinson’s Disease Gravity Index: A Method by means of Optimal Scaling
Authors: Serrano-Dueñas Marcos , Masabanda Luis , Luquin Maria-Rosario
Published: December 2020

Objective. This study has been designed with the aim of using optimal scaling to perform the allocation of scores and to be able to construct an indicator of the Parkinson’s Disease Gravity Index. Scores were assigned to interrelated dimensions that share information about the patient’s situation, to have an objective, holistic tool which integrates scores so that doctors can have a comprehensive idea of the patient’s situation. Patients and Methods. 120 consecutive patients with Parkinson’s diagnosis were chosen according to the United Kingdom Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank criteria. Subsequently, all the chosen dimensions were transformed into interval variables for which the formula proposed by Sturges was used. Once the dimensions were transformed into interval variables, optimal scaling was carried out. Subsequently, the following attributes were analyzed: quality and acceptability of the data; reliability: internal consistency, reliability index, Cronbach’s alpha, and standard error of measurement; finally, validity: convergent validity and validity for known groups. Results. There were no missing data. An appropriate Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.71 was gathered, and all items were found to be pertinent to the scale. The item homogeneity index was 0.36. Precision evaluated with the standard error of measurement was 7.8. The Parkinson’s Disease Gravity Index discriminant validity (validity for known groups), assessed among the different stages of Hoehn and Yahr scale by the Kruskal–Wallis test, showed major significance (X2 = 32.7,

p
≤
0.001

). Conclusions. The Parkinson’s Disease Gravity Index has shown adequate metric properties.
Research on Innovative Trim Method for Tiltrotor Aircraft Take-Off Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Wang Xueyun , Chen Jiyang , Zhang Qian , Zhang Jingjuan , Cong Hao
Published: December 2020

Tiltrotor aircraft possesses redundant actuators in take-off phase and its flight control is more complicated than ordinary aircraft because the structural and dynamic characteristics keep changing due to tilting rotors. One of the fundamental bases for flight control is trim, which provides steady flight states under various conditions and then constructs the reference trajectory. Tiltrotor aircraft trim models are described by multivariate nonlinear equations whose initial values are difficult to determine and bad initials could lead to incorrect solution for flight control. Therefore, an innovative trim method is proposed to solve this issue. Firstly, genetic algorithm (GA), which possesses strong capability in searching global optimum, is adopted to identify a coarse solution. Secondly, the coarse solution is further refined by the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method for precise local optimum. The innovative trim method combines the advantages of these two algorithms and is applied to a tiltrotor aircraft’s flight control in the transition process of incline take-off. The limitation of trajectory is discussed, and tilt corridor is constructed. Finally, the incline take-off simulations are conducted and the effectiveness of the proposed trim method is verified through good match with the designed reference trajectory.
Dimensionality Reduction for Internet of Things Using the Cuckoo Search Algorithm: Reduced Implications of Mesh Sensor Technologies
Authors: Yaseen Azeema , Nazir Mohsin , Sabah Aneeqa , Tayyaba Shahzadi , Khan Zuhaib Ashfaq , Ashraf Muhammad Waseem , Ahmad Muhammad Ovais
Published: December 2020

The internet of things is used as a demonstrative keyword for evolution of the internet and physical realms, by means of pervasive distributed commodities with embedded identification, sensing, and actuation abilities. Imminent intellectual technologies are subsidizing internet of things for information transmission within physical and autonomous digital entities to provide amended services, leading towards a new communication era. Substantial amounts of heterogeneous hardware devices, e.g., radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, sensors, and various network protocols are exploited to support object identification and network communication. Data generated by these digital objects is termed as “Big Data” and incorporates high dimensional space with noisy, irrelevant, and redundant features. Direct execution of mining techniques onto such kind of high dimensionality attribute space can increase cost and complexity. Data analytic mechanisms are embedded into internet of things to permit intelligent decision-making capabilities. These notions have raised new challenges regarding internet of things from a data and algorithm perspective. The proposed study identifies the problem in the internet of things network and proposes a novel cuckoo search-based outdoor data management. The technique of the feature extraction is used for the extraction of expedient information from raw and high-dimensional data. After the implementation for the cuckoo search-based feature extraction, few test benchmarks are introduced to evaluate the performance of mutated cuckoo search algorithms. The consequential low-dimensional data optimizes classification accuracy along with reduced complexity and cost.
Functional Determinants of Cell Cycle Plasticity and Sensitivity to CDK4/6 Inhibition
Authors: Kumarasamy Vishnu , Vail Paris , Nambiar Ram , Witkiewicz Agnieszka K. , Knudsen Erik S.
Published: December 2020

Intrinsic or acquired resistance to clinically approved CDK4/6 inhibitors has emerged as a major obstacle that hinders their utility beyond ER+ breast cancer. In this study, CDK4/6-dependent and -resistant models were employed to identify functional determinants of response to pharmacologic CDK4/6 inhibitors. In all models tested, the activation of RB and inhibition of CDK2 activity emerged as determinants of sensitivity. While depleting CDK4 and 6 was sufficient to limit proliferation in specific resistance settings, RB loss rendered cells completely independent of these kinases. The main downstream target in this context was the activation status of CDK2, which was suppressed with CDK4/6 inhibition in an RB-dependent fashion. Protein levels of p27 were associated with plasticity/rigidity of the cell cycle and correlated with sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition. Exogenous overexpression and pharmacologic induction of p27 via inhibition of SKP2 and targeting the MEK/ERK pathway enhanced the cytostatic effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors. Mice bearing ER+ xenografts displayed a durable antitumor response to palbociclib; however, over the course of treatment, few cells retained RB phosphorylation, which was associated with limited p27 protein levels as determined by multispectral imaging. Similarly, combination treatment of palbociclib with a MEK inhibitor in pancreatic cancer PDX models upregulated p27 and further enhanced the in vivo tumor response to palbociclib. Collectively, these results suggest that the cell cycle plasticity, which enables tumor models to evade palbociclib-mediated activation of RB, could be targeted using a clinically applicable CDK2 inhibitor.

Significance:

This work provides a mechanistic insight toward understanding the functional roles of multiple cell cycle regulators that drive plasticity and sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition.
Birinapant Enhances Gemcitabine's Antitumor Efficacy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inducing Intrinsic Pathway–Dependent Apoptosis
Authors: Xie Xuemei , Lee Jangsoon , Liu Huey , Pearson Troy , Lu Alexander Y. , Tripathy Debu , Devi Gayathri R. , Bartholomeusz Chandra , Ueno Naoto T.
Published: December 2020

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subgroup of breast cancer, and patients with TNBC have few therapeutic options. Apoptosis resistance is a hallmark of human cancer, and apoptosis regulators have been targeted for drug development for cancer treatment. One class of apoptosis regulators is the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Dysregulated IAP expression has been reported in many cancers, including breast cancer, and has been shown to be responsible for resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, IAPs have become attractive molecular targets for cancer treatment. Here, we first investigated the antitumor efficacy of birinapant (TL32711), a biindole-based bivalent mimetic of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMACs), in TNBC. We found that birinapant as a single agent has differential antiproliferation effects in TNBC cells. We next assessed whether birinapant has a synergistic effect with commonly used anticancer drugs, including entinostat (class I histone deacetylase inhibitor), cisplatin, paclitaxel, voxtalisib (PI3K inhibitor), dasatinib (Src inhibitor), erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor), and gemcitabine, in TNBC. Among these tested drugs, gemcitabine showed a strong synergistic effect with birinapant. Birinapant significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of gemcitabine in TNBC both in vitro and in xenograft mouse models through activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway via degradation of cIAP2 and XIAP, leading to apoptotic cell death. Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of birinapant to enhance the antitumor efficacy of gemcitabine in TNBC by targeting the IAP family of proteins.
Proyectos laborales y familiares en jóvenes: la revolución silenciosa
Authors: Gómez-Urrutia Verónica Edith , Jiménez-Figueroa Andrés Eduardo , Barreto-Colichi Rosana
Published: December 2020

Resumen (analítico)Los cambios en las aspiraciones familiares y laborales de los y las jóvenes constituyen una rebelión silenciosa que cruza los ejes de género y relaciones laborales, marcando la aspiración por igualdad de género en relaciones históricamente consideradas «privadas». Exploramos estas aspiraciones en estudiantes de Enfermería en Talca (centro-sur de Chile), a través de una encuesta autoaplicada (N=500) en jóvenes de ambos sexos (76 % mujeres, 24 % hombres) entre 18 y 29 años. Los resultados muestran preferencia por formas de empleo más bien tradicionales, pero un marcado distanciamiento de los modelos tradicionales de distribución de responsabilidades laborales y familiares, en favor de roles compartidos entre hombres y mujeres. Ello muestra que la demanda por igualdad de género en el eje trabajo- familia es una fuerza de cambio social importante, condicionada por el entorno legal y laboral.
РІВЕНЬ СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНОЇ ГІГІЄНІЧНОЇ ГРАМОТНОСТІ НАСЕЛЕННЯ
Authors: Manashchuk N. V. , Chorniy N. V. , Boytsanyuk S. I.
Published: December 2020

Резюме. Важлива роль у досягненні успіху лікування захворювань зубів та ясен належить умінню лікаря-стоматолога навчити пацієнта навичкам індивідуальної гігієни ротової порожнини, сформувати мотивацію до здійснення гігієнічних заходів та переконати у важливості підтримувальної терапії. На сьогодні ступінь обізнаності пацієнтів відносно питань гігієни ротової порожнини повинен бути кращим.

Мета дослідження – вивчити рівень стоматологічної гігієнічної грамотності населення.

Матеріали і методи. Виконано анонімне анкетування 197 осіб, жителів міста Тернополя, відносно питань гігієни ротової порожнини під час проведення Європейського дня здорових ясен.

Результати. У статті подано результати анкетування громадян відносно їх гігієнічного догляду за ротовою порожниною та наявності певних симптомів захворювань пародонта. Виділено групу ризику в даних патологіях.

Висновки. Результати анкетування показали досить непоганий рівень гігієнічного виховання населення відносно ротової порожнини. При цьому за допомогою простих запитань вдалось виділити групу ризику серед населення із захворювань тканин пародонта.
ДІАГНОСТИЧНІ МАРКЕРИ ПРОГРЕСУВАННЯ ФІБРОЗНИХ ЗМІН ПЕЧІНКИ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ХРОНІЧНИМИ ДИФУЗНИМИ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМИ ПЕЧІНКИ АЛКОГОЛЬНОГО ГЕНЕЗУ
Authors: Petishko O. P. , Didenko V. I. , Klenina I. A. , Tatarchuk O. M. , Konenko I. S.
Published: December 2020

Резюме. На сьогодні появу фіброзу вважають найважливішою гістологічною зміною, яка визначає подальший перебіг хронічних дифузних захворювань печінки алкогольної етіології. Тому в клінічній практиці потрібні неінвазивні або малоінвазивні маркери, які б володіли високою точністю щодо оцінки фіброзних змін печінки. Мета дослідження – визначити діагностичну цінність показників цитокінового профілю та біохімічних маркерів для стратифікації вираження фіброзу печінки у пацієнтів із хронічними дифузними захворюваннями печінки алкогольного генезу. Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 29 пацієнтів із хронічними дифузними захворюваннями печінки алкогольного генезу. Усім хворим проводили зсувнохвильову еластографію, за результатами якої у 7 пацієнтів був відсутній фіброз печінки (F0), у 13 хворих діагностовано помірний фіброз (F1-F2) та у 9 пацієнтів спостерігали виражений фіброз печінки (F3–F4). У сироватці крові усіх хворих оцінювали рівень інтерлейкіну-6, інтерлейкіну-10, фактора некрозу пухлин-α, гідроксипроліну вільного, гідроксипроліну білковозв’язувального та глікозаміногліканів. Результати. Встановлено, що жорсткість паренхіми печінки у хворих без фіброзу склала 4,3 кПа (4,1; 4,56), при помірному фіброзі – 6,9 кПа (6,0; 7,6), при вираженому фіброзі – 15,8 кПа (9,7; 20,3). Прогресування фіброзних змін печінки супроводжувалося вірогідним збільшенням рівня інтерлейкіну-6 у 3 рази (р<0,05) та фактора некрозу пухлин-α – у 3,6 раза (р<0,05) порівняно з хворими без фіброзних змін. У 100,0 % пацієнтів із вираженим фіброзом печінки виявлено активацію синтезу колагену, про що свідчило підвищення у них вмісту в сироватці крові гідроксипроліну білковозв’язувального у 2 рази (р<0,01), порівняно з хворими без фіброзу, та у 1,5 раза (р<0,05) порівняно з пацієнтами з помірним фіброзом печінки. Висновки. Діагностично значущими маркерами вираженого фіброзу печінки у пацієнтів із хронічними дифузними захворюваннями печінки алкогольного генезу визначено рівень фактора некрозу пухлин-α понад 2,1 пг/мл (чутливість – 81,8 %, специфічність –75,0 %) та вміст гідроксипроліну білковозв’язувального понад 260,5 мкмоль/л (чутливість – 85,7 %, специфічність – 72,7 %).
РЕАКЦІЯ РЕДОКС-СИСТЕМИ НА ДІЮ ОКРЕМИХ ЗАСОБІВ ДЛЯ НАРКОЗУ ЗА УМОВ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ГІПЕРТИРЕОЗУ
Authors: Yakimchuk O. M. , Klishch I. M.
Published: December 2020

Резюме. Досліджено особливості функціонування редокс-системи у відповідь на дію різних медикаментів для наркозу за умов гіпертиреозу в експерименті. Встановлено, що при експериментальному гіпертиреозі інтенсивність вільнорадикального окиснення за дії різних засобів для наркозу проявляється активніше, ніж за умови евтиреозу та супроводжується виснаженням активності ферментів антиоксидантної системи (каталази, відновленого глютатіону, глутатіон-пероксидази, супероксиддисмутази та церулоплазміну). Мета дослідження – з’ясувати особливості реакції редокс-системи дослідних тварин на дію різних засобів для наркозу за умов попередньо змодельованого гіпертиреозу. Матеріали і методи. Для моделювання стану гіпертиреозу щурам вводили L-тироксин протягом 21-ї доби. Порівнювали особливості реагування редокс-системи на введення тіопенталу натрію та дексмедитомедину за умов евтиреозу та гіпертиреозу. Результати. У плазмі крові тварин з експериментальним гіпертиреозом спостерігали підвищення рівня ТБК-активних продуктів та достовірну відмінність при застосуванні тіопенталу натрію та дексмедитомедину гідрохлориду на активність ферментів антиоксидантного захисту за умов гіпер- та евтиреозу. Висновки. Активація обмінних процесів на тлі підвищеної функції щитоподібної залози впливає на універсальні захисні системи захисту організму, що проявляються особливо яскраво в умовах операційного та періопераційного стресу активацією редокс-системи й виснаженням ферментів антиоксидантного захисту, що зумовлює пошук засобів медикаментозної корекції порушеного гомеостазу.
ПРИЧИНИ НЕВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ СТУПЕНЯ ТЯЖКОСТІ ТІЛЕСНИХ УШКОДЖЕНЬ У ПОСТРАЖДАЛИХ З АВТОТРАВМОЮ ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ ПЕРВИННИХ СУДОВО-МЕДИЧНИХ ЕКСПЕРТИЗ
Authors: Sokol V. K.
Published: December 2020

Резюме. Установлення ступеня тяжкості тілесних ушкоджень – найчастіша причина для проведення судово-медичної експертизи (СМЕ) живої особи (постраждалого, підозрюваного, обвинуваченого, свідка тощо), яка займає перше місце і становить понад 80 % усієї роботи експерта. Інтерпретація ушкоджень в рамках судово-медичної експертизи обмежена через недоліки в оцінці й описі у медичній документаціії усіх травм, отриманих постраждалим. Мета долсідження – вивчити частоту і причини невстановлення ступеня тяжкості тілесних ушкоджень під час первинних судово-медичних експертиз постраждалих при дорожньо-транспортних пригодах із механічними травмами нижніх кінцівок. Матеріали і методи. Ретроспективно проаналізовано та описано статистику даних 170 первинних судово-медичних експертиз постраждалих з автотравмою та механічним ушкодженням нижніх кінцівок. Результати. Результати аналізу судово-медичних експертиз виявили переважання пішохідної травми (135; 79,4 %). Автотравма за характером ушкоджень призводила до утворення здебільшого політравми (93,5 %) з поєднаними ушкодженнями (72,9 %). Ізольовані переломи довгих кісток нижніх кінцівок діагностовано в основному під час пішохідної травми (10; 5,9 %) при невеликій швидкості руху автомобіля. В аналізованих експертизах тяжкі тілесні ушкодження встановлено у 18,2 %; тілесні ушкодження середнього ступеня тяжкості – у 81,2 %; легкі тілесні ушкодження – у 97,1% випадків. Ступінь тяжкості одного або декількох тілесних ушкоджень різного характеру не був встановлений у 41,8 % при первинній судово-медичній експертизі: в 7,1% випадків із відкритими переломами довгих кісток нижніх кінцівок; у 19,4 % – із закритими переломами і/або вивихами кісток різних сегментів опорно-рухової системи; в 4,7 % – із закритою черепно-мозковою травмою, струсом головного мозку середнього ступеня; у 10,6 % – забоями м’яких тканин ділянки голови, а також передньої черевної стінки. Висновки. Причини невстановлення ступеня тяжкості тілесних ушкоджень: відсутність (19,4 %) і низька якість (1,2 %) рентгенограм; відсутність у медичній документації об’єктивних (4,7 %) і відповідних даних в історії хвороби (10,6 %), що підтверджують діагноз. Неможливість проведення експертної оцінки травм за даними медичної документації супроводжувалася зниженням ступеня тяжкості тілесних ушкоджень у висновках первинної СМЕ від тяжких до середньої тяжкості в 12 (7,1%), від середньої тяжкості до легких – у 6 (3,5%) випадках.
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ МЕТОДІВ ТРЕНУВАННЯ М'ЯЗІВ ТАЗОВОГО ДНА У ЖІНОК ЗІ СТРЕСОВИМ НЕТРИМАННЯМ СЕЧІ
Authors: Bakaliuk T. H. , Stelmakh H. О. , Volkova L. M.
Published: December 2020

Резюме. Дослідження, проведені упродовж останнього десятиліття, підтверджують деякі зміни в підходах до тренування мʼязів тазового дна у жінок зі стресовим нетриманням сечі. У цьому огляді літератури показано, що тренування мʼязів тазового дна є найбільш рекомендованим фізіотерапевтичним лікуванням для жінок зі стресовим нетриманням сечі. Мета дослідження – провести огляд наукової літератури, яка присвячена аналізу ефективності методів тренування мʼязів тазового дна у жінок зі стресовим нетриманням сечі та представити оновлену інформацію про результати тренування мʼязів тазового дна. Матеріали і методи. Проведено огляд наукової літератури з обраної теми в наукометричних базах даних PubMed, COCHRANE, PEDro, Google Scholar. Результати. Тренування мʼязів тазового дна в основному рекомендовано при лікуванні стресового нетримання сечі. Метою тренування є поліпшення підтримки тазових органів (сечового міхура, шийки сечового міхура й уретри) і підвищення внутрішньоуретрального тиску під час навантаження. Програми тренування призначені для збільшення сили, витривалості й координації мʼязів та впливають на якість життя жінок із нетриманням сечі, що є важливим чинником їх фізичного, розумового й соціального функціонування. Вправи для мʼязів таза є одним з основних втручань, але складнощі з виконанням цієї вправи змусили дослідників шукати альтернативні методи або доповнення до таких тренувань. Висновки. Згідно з проведеним оглядом літератури, спостереження і зміст програм тренування мʼязів тазового дна сильно відрізняються, і в деяких програмах використовуються додаткові стратегії для підвищення прихильності або тренувальних ефектів. Застосування тренування мʼязів тазового дна важливе для жінок зі стресовим нетриманням сечі й впливає на якість життя, що є важливим чинником їх фізичного, розумового і соціального функціонування.