bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Membrane expression and significance of TRAIL death receptors DR4 and DR5 in Pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yadav Dipesh Kumar , Wang Ze Sheng , Hua Yong Fei , Lu Cai De
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor related-apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a powerful and selective activator of apoptosis in many cancer cells. We aim to investigate the expression and significance of TRAIL death receptor DR4 and DR5 in pancreatic cancer (PC) tissues.

Method: Twenty-eight histologically verified samples of PC tissue were collected between 2018 and 2019. TRAIL death receptor expression profiles were determined by immunohistochemistry.

Result: Death receptor DR4 and DR5 were expressed in the PC tissue and the adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues, the expression of DR4 and DR5 in the PC tissue was significantly higher than that of the adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues (p<0.05). Additionally, in both the tissue group, the expression of DR4 was significantly stronger than the DR5 (p<0.05). To assess the relationship between DR4 and DR5 expression, differentiation, and tumor staging of PC, the result reveals that the expression of DR4 and DR5 was significantly higher in stage I tumors than the stage II, III, IV tumors (p<0.05). In contrast, the expression of DR4 and DR5 was decreased with a decrease in the degree of differentiation of tumors. However, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The membrane expression of TRAIL death receptor DR4 and DR5 is greater in PC than in the adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues. Furthermore, increased membrane expression of TRAIL death receptor DR4 and DR5 in stage I PC and well-differentiated PC may predict the prognosis and feasibility of using TRAIL gene therapy as a treatment option for early PC.
Knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among the doctors of Patan Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Bhatt Prashant Raj , Paudel Ujjawal , Koirala Tapendra , Shrestha Purnima , Mishra Ujjwal Kumar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Hand hygiene is the most effective infection prevention measure. This research aims to find out the knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among the doctors of major departments of Patan Hospital.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors of selected departments of Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. The knowledge of hand hygiene was assessed using a WHO knowledge questionnaire. The practice was assessed using a WHO observation checklist. The data was recorded in Epi-info and the analysis was done for knowledge score and compliance with practice using SPSS v15. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result: A total of 104 (98%) of the participants completed each part (knowledge and practice) of the study. The overall mean score (± SD) was 64% ± 8 on knowledge questions about hand hygiene. Knowledge of hand hygiene was not significantly different among departments (p=0.351) and gender (p=0.994). Out of 1022 opportunities, the compliance of hand hygiene among the doctors was 532(52%). The highest compliance for hand hygiene was after exposure to body fluids 93%. The mean time taken for hand rub was 8 seconds and the mean steps performed were 4 out of 8. Compliance with hand hygiene was statistically significant among departments (p= 0.001). However, it was not statistically significant among gender(p=0.198).

Conclusion: Participants performed relatively well with a moderate score (64%) on knowledge questions but it was not reflected in practice (overall compliance 52%). The majority performed hand hygiene after body fluid exposure (93%) and after touching patients (64%).
Safety and efficacy of microscope-assisted thyroidectomy
Authors: Sigdel Brihaspati , Neupane Bhima , Dubey Tulika , Maharjan Rajesh , Sah Kuseshwor
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Due to closely related structures like recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland, thyroid surgery becomes challenging. Microscope assisted surgery has better visualization for dissection, and decreases the risk of injury to the nerve, parathyroid gland, and its vascular pedicle. Hence it decreases the operative complications.

Method: This is a retrospective study of microscope-assisted thyroidectomy at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal from January 2017 to December 2019. Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional review committee. Types of surgery, postoperative hypocalcemia and recurrent laryngeal nerve function were analyzed descriptively.

Result:  Out of total 48 microscope assisted thyroidectomy, 41 were female, 42(87.5%) benign pathology, 6(12.5.%) malignant. Hemithyroidectomy was done in 40(83.4%), total thyroidectomy 4 (8.2%), total thyroidectomy with neck dissection  3(6.3%), and completion thyroidectomy with neck dissection in 1(2.1%). Among total thyroidectomies, transient hypocalcemia occurred in 2(4.2%) and temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in 1(2.1%). No complication occurred in hemithyroidectomies.

Conclusion: Microscope-assisted thyroidectomy is a safe procedure which leads to reduced complication of hypocalcemia and recurrent never palsy.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma arising within a mature cystic teratoma of ovary: a rare case report
Authors: Bhatta Surendra Prasad , Duwal Shrestha Sarada
Published: January 2021

Mature cystic teratoma is the most common ovarian germ cell tumor with a rare malignant conversion. We report a case of 36 years lady, with an incidental post-operative finding of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in histopathology of the left ovarian dermoid cyst. Postoperatively she was evaluated for the presence of primary thyroid tumor with thyroid ultrasonography, thyroid function test, and anti-thyroglobulin antibody which revealed normal thyroid gland with euthyroid status and negative anti-thyroglobulin antibody, which had ruled out primary thyroid tumor. There are limited case reports on papillary thyroid carcinoma in a mature cystic teratoma in absence of a struma ovary and specific recommendations on the plan of its management are not available. This study aims to report a rare case of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary in absence of a struma ovary.
Knowledge regarding prevention of post traumatic compartment syndrome of limbs among nurses of a teaching hospital
Authors: Pokharel Kalpana
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Acute compartment syndrome is a serious complication of limb trauma. This is associated with significant morbidity if not diagnosed and treated urgently and effectively on time. Nurses’ Knowledge regarding compartment syndrome is one of the important measures for early diagnosis and prevention. This study aims to assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of post-traumatic compartment syndrome of limbs among nurses of a Teaching Hospital.

Method:  Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of post-traumatic compartment syndrome of limbs at Patan Hospital, Nepal from 12 August to 7 September 2018. Total enumerative sampling technique was used among nurses from surgical, orthopedic, private, and emergency. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 16.

Result: Out of 90 nurses, 38(42.22%) had an adequate level of knowledge, 29(32.22%) had a moderate level of knowledge and 23(25.56%) had an inadequate level of knowledge regarding the prevention of post-traumatic compartment syndrome of limbs. There was no significant association between age, level of education, working experience, working area, and level of knowledge. Working experience in the orthopedic ward had a significant association with the level of knowledge.

Conclusion:  Nearly half of the respondents had an adequate level of knowledge regarding the prevention of post-traumatic compartment syndrome of limbs. Nurses working in the orthopedic ward had a good level of knowledge than working in other words.
Factors affecting the choice of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age
Authors: Khatry Roshani Agrawal , Ghimmire Nirmala , Joshi Shrestha Rashmi , Sherpa Awasthi Mamata , Shrestha Niran
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Family planning refers to a conscious effort by a couple to limit or space the number of children through the use of contraceptive methods. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the choice of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age.

Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted among 326 samples at Family Planning Sansthagat Clinic, Lalitpur from July to September 2017. Face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Association between married women’s socio-demographic variables with the factors affecting the choice of contraceptives were analyzed. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Board of Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine.

Result: The study revealed that 100% of the respondents had known about condoms and pills as contraceptives methods. 314(96.3%) of the respondents were using a modern method of family planning. Among them, 186(59.2%) were using an implant. One hundred and seventy-three women (53.1%) had started using contraceptives after the birth of their first child. 142(43.6%) stated that they discontinued using some contraceptives in the past. The main reason for discontinuation was due to side effects of 70(49.3%). Purposes of using contraceptives, preference for child sex are the significant factors for the choice of contraceptives.

Conclusion: This study result revealed that most of the respondents were using a modern method and among them, Implant was the most practiced family planning method. Women’s active involvement in decision-making regarding the use of contraceptives can play an important role in its utilization.
Knowledge and attitude regarding legal and ethical aspects in nursing among nurses in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Nepal
Authors: Rimal Himala
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Health care laws and ethics serve as a hallmark in maintaining the equilibrium in the delivery of health care services. The study aimed to find out the knowledge and attitude regarding the legal and ethical aspects of nursing.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal, from July to August 2017. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to find out knowledge and attitude regarding legal and ethical aspects in nursing and relation to the demographics- age, an academic qualification in nursing, year of experiences, designation, and place of work in different departments of the hospital. Ethical approval was obtained. Data were analyzed using SPSS, Chi-square test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the association.

Result: Findings revealed that among 200 nurses, 26.0% had good knowledge (score >75%), 62.0% average knowledge (score 50%-75%) and 12.0% poor knowledge (score <50%) regarding legal and ethical aspects in nursing. Similarly, 64.5% of nurses had a favourable attitude (score >50%) while 35.5% had an unfavourable attitude on legal and ethical aspects. Knowledge and attitude had no statistically significant association with demographic variables.

Conclusion: Most of the nurses had an average level of knowledge and more than half of them had a favourable attitude regarding legal and ethical aspects of nursing.
Knowledge and practice among nurses regarding breastfeeding in a hospital with baby-friendly hospital initiative
Authors: Timalsina Indira
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The baby-friendly hospital initiative is a global program launched by WHO and UNICEF in 1991 to encourage hospitals, mainly maternity wards to implement practices that protect, promote, and support breastfeeding. This study aimed to assess Knowledge and Practice regarding breastfeeding of BFHI among Nurses.

Method: A cross-sectional analytical study design was used among nurses of Maternity, Children, Gynaecology, and Postpartum wards of Patan Hospital, from January 2019 to February 2020. Data on knowledge of baby-friendly hospital initiative and breastfeeding was collected by using a self-administered structured questionnaire and practice of breastfeeding by observation checklist. Descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Chi-square, normality test, and Spearman’s rank correlation) statistics were used for data analysis with SPSS version 20.

Result: The findings show that out of 100 nurses surveyed, more than half (58%) of the respondents had a good level of knowledge and less than one-fourth (23.8%) had a good level of practice of breastfeeding. There was no significant association between level of knowledge and baby-friendly hospital initiative in the nursing course (p=0.814), training on breastfeeding in hospital (p=0.069), or outside (p=0.944). There was a weak positive correlation between knowledge and practice of breastfeeding.

Conclusion: Compared to knowledge on breastfeeding, the practice was quite low among the nurses.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical school academic calendar: a dean's perspective
Authors: Shrestha Shrijana
Published: January 2021

Addressing the questions from students, faculties and students' parents regarding the academic calendar had become a part of my daily routine since the beginning of this COVID-19 pandemic. The online classes with pending practical and clinical teachings along with the questionable authenticity of the online exams of the undergraduate medical students and the compromised clinical teaching-learning of the postgraduate Residents with very few non-COVID patients in the hospital, stressed faculties, and the risk of infection requiring isolation, quarantine or admission has posed several questions regarding the academic calendar. How to adjust and reschedule the calendar, without compromising the course objectives and not losing the academic year, has become a challenge to medical schools and the leadership during this ongoing pandemic.
Acknowledgement: for the reviewers of Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences
Authors: Shah Jay Narayan
Published: January 2021

We from the editorial team greatly appreciate the reviewers for your time and expertise to the journal’s rigorous editorial process, regardless of whether the papers are finally published or not in the JPAHS- Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the reviewers for your generous contribution.
How Did Donald Trump Incite a Coup Attempt?
Authors: Fuchs Christian
Published: January 2021

On 6 January 2021, supporters of Donald Trump after a Trump rally stormed the Capitol. This article asks: How Did Donald Trump incite a coup attempt? The presented research analyses parts of a dataset consisting of Trump’s most recent 8,736 tweets as well as Trump’s speech given at the rally that preceded the storming of the Capitol.The article shows how Trump’s speech and use of Twitter triggered violence and that the coup was the consequence of a long chain of events that unfolded as a consequence of Trump’s authoritarian ideology, personality, and practices.
Web-based competency test model for midwifery students
Authors: Arianggara Andi Wilda , Baso Yusring Sanusi , Ramadany Sri , Manapa Esther Sanda , Usman Andi Nilawati
Published: January 2021

This study aims to find out (1) the feasibility of the web-based competency test model, and (2) the effectiveness of the web-based competency test model towards increasing the confidence of midwifery students in facing the competency test. Research method using Research and Development (R &D) and Pre-Experiment One Group Pretest-Posttest with Purposive Sampling Technique which is as many as 45 samples. This research was conducted in the Polytechnic of Health Ministry of Makassar and Megarezky University in November 2020. The data is analyzed using statistical analysis by Wilcoxon Test.  Validation test results from media experts averaged 87.9% and validation results from material experts averaged 94% which showed that web competency test model applications are very feasible to use. User validation average feasibility score of 87% of the data showed that the application of web-based competency test model is very feasible to use. The results of the effective use of web-based competency test models found that the Wilcoxon Test obtained a p-value of 0.00 < 0.05. So it can be concluded that the Web-based competency test model is feasible and effective in increasing student confidence facing the competency test.
PROGRAM FOR ADOLESCENCE CORRECTION OF ADOLESCENTS WITH ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR AND THE RESULT OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Trofimchuk V. V.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the results of the formative stage of the experiment on the implementation of a program to correct the aggression of adolescents with addictive behavior. The essence of aggression of adolescents with additive behavior, which is understood as an integrated set of personality traits of adolescence, which is manifested in destructive actions under the influence of any substances that change the mental state. Scientific approaches to the interpretation of aggression as a phenomenon (activity, axiological, motivational, behavioral, ethological, sociological, personal) are characterized. Based on the selected approaches, the content and structure of aggressiveness of adolescents with addictive behavior, which contains cognitive, motivational, affective, behavioral component, is determined. The main task of the article is to highlight the results and effectiveness of the program to correct the aggression of adolescents with addictive behavior. Diagnostic means of studying the levels of aggression of adolescents with additive behavior and its components are presented (test "Psychotropic substances", scale of search of impressions (M. Zuckerman), method "Diagnosis of hostility", method "Self-assessment of personality", method "Scale of emotional stability - instability G. Eisenko"; questionnaire" Are you prone to drug use?", A questionnaire to identify students with deviant behavior in the classroom). The content of the program of correction of aggression of adolescents with addictive behavior, consisting of three modules: "Knowledge of yourself and others", "Factors of addiction and manifestations of aggression of adolescents", "Strategies for overcoming aggression of adolescents with addictive behavior". The structure of training sessions of the program for correction of aggressiveness of adolescents with addictive behavior is described. The strategy of the formative stage of the experiment, in which 56 adolescents took part, is substantiated. The results of approbation of the program of correction of aggression of teenagers with addictive behavior, which proved its effectiveness, are presented. The proposed program was found to reduce the level of aggression in adolescents with addictive behavior.
ПРЕЗЕНТАЦІЯ ЛАТИНОАМЕРИКАНСЬКОЇ МУЗИКИ ДЛЯ ГІТАРИ УКРАЇНСЬКИМИ ВИКОНАВЦЯМИ
Authors: Stanislav Zhovnir
Published: January 2021

Актуальність дослідження визначається потребою дослідження впливу етномистецьких (зокрема, латиноамериканських) традицій на розвиток класичного гітарного мистецтва у взаємодії композиторської творчості та виконавства. У статті визначені загальні тенденції розвитку творчості латиноамериканських композиторів для гітари як складової частини ібероамериканської музики ХХ ст. Представлено загальний жанровий та стильовий аналіз гітарних творів латиноамериканських композиторів А. Барріоса, Л. Брауера, Е. Вілла-Лобоса, Х. Мореля, А. П’яццолли, Х. Сагрераса та ін. Автором проаналізована сучасна виконавська практика репрезентації цього напряму гітарної музики в Україні. Представлені приклади звукозаписів та надано короткий аналіз різножанрових творів латиноамериканських композиторів у виконанні українських класичних гітаристів А. Остапенко, І. Федоришина, А. Чадай-Федика, Д. Рибальченка, Б. Сидоренка, М. Землянського, Д. Бучки, В. Петренка, В. Доценка, Б. Бєльського, М. Топчія. Визначені виконавські моделі творчості українських гітаристів у концертному відтворенні латиноамериканських творів. У статті використані історичний, культурологічний, системний та порівняльний методи дослідження, яке ґрунтується на аналізі електронного порталу «Гітаристи та композитори», наукових робіт В Доценка, Н. Кряжевої, У. Мачнєвої.
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ТРУДОВОГО НАВЧАННЯ ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ПРОЦЕСІ САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ
Authors: Tsisaruk I. V.
Published: January 2021

У результаті експериментального дослідження було здійснено педагогічне моделювання процесу професійного розвитку майбутніх учителів трудового навчання та технологій у процесі самостійної роботи. Запропоновано структурно-функціональну модель та інтерактивну розвивальну програму, реалізація яких здійснювалася на особистісно-мотиваційному, інноваційно-збагачувальному, рефлексивно-діяльнісному і результативно-діагностичному етапах. На констатувальному етапі дослідження було встановлено стан рівнів (початковий, середній, достатній, високий) професійного розвитку майбутніх учителів трудового навчання та технологій за визначеними критеріями (ціннісно-мотиваційний, когнітивно-технологічний, операційно-діяльнісний, оцінно-рефлексивний). Формувальний експеримент і реалізація інтерактивної розвивальної програми дослідження проводилися у чотири етапи: особистісно-мотиваційний етап (передбачав мотивоване занурення майбутніх учителів трудового навчання та технологій до співпраці і партнерства у процесі технологій самостійної роботи з метою розвитку усвідомлення необхідності безперервного професійного розвитку; інтерактивне засвоєння теоретичних знань у процесі групової та індивідуальної освітньо-професійної діяльності з метою розвитку стійкого інтересу до майбутньої професії, ознайомлення із сучасними технологіями та техніками технологічної освіти задля умотивованості до здобуття системних педагогічних знань, особистісного та професійного зростання); інноваційно-збагачувальний етап (забезпечував збагачення знаннями новітніх технологій та вміння їх застосовувати у освітньо-професійній діяльності з проєкцією на майбутню професію; сприяв розвитку проєктно-технологічної підготовленості та здатність до збагачення стратегіями самостійної роботи в особистісному та професійному становленні); рефлексивно-діяльнісний етап (сприяв розвитку умінь і навичок групової роботи, креативних здібностей майбутніх учителів трудового навчання та технологій у практичній діяльності з використанням інноваційних форм організації освітнього процесу); результативно-діагностичний етап (забезпечував використання методів самооцінки і самоаналізу, рефлексивних вправ та тренінгових завдань для оцінювання майбутнім вчителем трудового навчання та технологій власної діяльності та самого себе як особистостей; формування у них потреб і мотивів самопізнання; підвищення рівня самоповаги, самосхвалення у процесі результативної самостійної роботи). На контрольному етапі було отримано результати експериментального дослідження, які підтверджують дієвість запропонованих методик.
A ESTABILIDADE DO SERVIDOR PÚBLICO COMO CONDIÇÃO A MANUTENÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO ENSINO BÁSICO: REFLEXÕES NECESSÁRIAS A PARTIR DA PRESTAÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS PELO TERCEIRO SETOR
Authors: Lehmen João Felipe , Bitencourt Caroline Müller
Published: January 2021

A educação básica é um direito de todos, sendo um dever do estado e da família em colaboração com a sociedade. Neste sentido, o artigo se propõe a abordar a questão da educação básica e os reflexos a este serviço público a partir sua execução por meio das entidades do denominado terceiro setor, tendo como enfoque a ausência de estabilidade dos profissionais. O problema de pesquisa consiste no seguinte questionamento: a ausência de estabilidade dos profissionais do magistério, diante da prestação dos serviços pelas entidades do terceiro setor pode comprometer a qualidade do ensino básico? O objetivo do trabalho é analisar criticamente, à luz do direito constitucional e administrativo, se a qualidade da prestação dos serviços públicos de educação básica, tendo em conta a sua prestação pelas entidades do terceiro setor, especialmente por consequência da ausência de estabilidade dos servidores, pode restar comprometida. A verificação dar-se-á por meio do método hipotético-dedutivo, iniciando-se pela contextualização da reforma administrativa do estado e o regime de direito aplicado a partir dela, passando pela verificação da responsabilidade dos entes federativos com relação a educação básica e o seu conceito, bem como pela análise do instituto da estabilidade dos servidores públicos. Como resultado da pesquisa, evidencia-se que a estabilidade dos servidores públicos não é garantia apenas destes, mas sim do próprio interesse público. Logo, a sua ausência pode redundar em prejuízo a qualidade do serviço de educação básica.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: OBJECTIVES, CONDITIONS, PRINCIPLES AND STRUCTURE
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of Descriptive Geometry, Engineering and Computer Graphics Department, National University “Zaporizhzhia Polytechnics”, BAZHMINA Evelina
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The article outlines the problem of applying formative assessment in the educational process in higher education institutions, the objective of which is to improve the quality of education. Today, the skills of the formative assessment model are becoming increasingly popular in learning that can be applied throughout life – “learning for learning”. The purpose of the paper are: 1) to consider the es- sence and generalize the principles of formative assess- ment; 2) to determine a role of the formative assessment for forming culture of independent students’ work; 3) to present the developed structure of the formative assessment process in the form of a repeating cycle.The methods of descriptive and comparative analysis are used in the article. Results. A number of domestic and foreign research, theories which cover such terms as “formative” and “summative assessment” are analyzed. The pioneering frameworks of two types of assessment – formative and final, offered in foreign psychological and pedagogical literature have been researched. The difference of the definitions for “assessment” and “evaluation”, given in English in foreignpublications, is considered. The func- tions of formative and final evaluation are determined. The characteristics of the concepts of “grade” and “evalu- ation” are described and their common generic features are formulated. The main objectives of formative assess- ment are presented: “Assessment for Learning” and “Assessment as Learning” which allow to achieve results at different stages of the lesson using BYOD technology (before activities, in the process of activity, at the end of the lesson). Originality. The conditions of effective assessment are determined and the principles of formative assessment for all participants of the educational process are developed. Assessment strategies for achieving a certain objective depending on the stage of educational activity, expected results and individual help of the teacher to the student with effective use of available resources are analyzed. The features of Formative Assessment, Current Evaluation and Summative Evaluation are compared. In the educational process, the main factor is the psychological and pedagogical support of the process by the teacher, which should be manifested in the teacher’s attitude to the student as a mentor. The structure of the formative assessment process, which consists of five stages and is a repetitive cycle, is offered.Conclusion. Formative assessment is an essential pedagogical condition for the formation of relevant culture of independent students’ work
TRAINING BACHELORS OF CYBERSECURITY IN CONDITIONS OF EDUCATIONAL-AND-DIGITAL MEDIUM BY MEANS OF NETWORK FACILITY FOR PROGRAMMING
Authors:   Ph.D in Pedagogy, Associate Professor, Educational-and-Scientific Institute of Information Security of Security Service of Ukraine, SAMOYLENKO Olexii
Published: January 2021

The article publishes the leading aspects of training bachelors in cybersecurity in an educational and digital environment by means of network simulators for programming. The concept of preparation for a bache- lor's degree in cybersecurity is clarified. communicative environment, timely detection, prevention and neutraliza- tion of real and potential threats to Ukraine's national security in cyberspace. It is determined that the training of a specialist with a bachelor's degree in cybersecurity is the right of modern professional activity in the system of state and commercial enterprises, which are related to information protection services at the objects of infor- mation activity. The urgency of cybersecurity problems is emphasized by the need to use information systems and technologies, from social networks, posting information about your personal data on the Internet to using bank accounts, e-commerce systems and others. Network pro- gramming simulators for cybersecurity bachelors are an integral part of their modern training. It is stated that online simulators for programming allow bachelors in cybersecurity in an educational and digital environment to acquire computer skills and programming. In the educa- tional and digital environment for online bachelors in cybersecurity, network simulators for programming are relevant, which require fast printing. It is determined that the preparation of bachelors in cybersecurity in the educa- tional and digital environment by means of network simu- lators for programming provides an opportunity for pro- fessional development and providing skills that contribute to the training abilities of the future specialist.
TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF POSSIBILITIES OF MODERN DIGITAL PLATFORMS FOR STUDY OF GENERAL TECHNICAL DISCIPLINES BY FUTURE ENGINEERS
Authors:   Doctor in Pedagogy, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of General Technical Disciplines Department, Mykolaiv National Agrarian University, DOTSENKO Nataliia
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The use of interactive and online tools of digital platforms is a perspective area in the study of general technical disciplines, as future engineers during training will need clarity of theoretical material when studying theorems, laws; work with calculation methods, graphic content, special engineering programs during laboratory and practical work. In addition to tradi- tional materials such as video and printed materials, training courses in global digital platforms provide interac- tive and online learning tools for future engineers. The purpose of the article is the technological analysis of possibilities of modern digital platforms for studying by future engineers of general technical disciplines is pre- sented. Results. The main characteristics of general technical disciplines are determined. Technological features, char- acteristics and capabilities of modern digital platforms Kajabi, Wiziq, Skillshare, Treehouse, Udemy, LinkedIn- Learning, EdX, Udaciti, Khan Academy, iSpring, WebTu- tor, Teachbase for study by future engineers of general technical disciplines are considered. Having analyzed the technological properties of each of the distance learning platforms, it is worth to note that in addition to video or multimedia presentation, such platforms have a wide range of tools, namely: webinars, interactive tasks, surveys, test simulators, screencasts, online labs, interactive use textbooks. This is relevant when studying general technical disciplines that require work with graphic mate- rial, explanations of methods for calculating engineering objects, work with creative engineering problems, conduct- ing experiments and proving theorems and laws and consolidating the acquired knowledge. Originality. The tools of digital educational platforms were identified, which should be used to teach general technical disciplines of future engineers in the context of the informational and educational environment of higher education applicants. Conclusions. In analyzing the advantages and disad- vantages of digital platforms in the context of studying general technical disciplines, it is determined that future engineers need to use a wide range of interactive and online tools of modern digital platforms to ensure quality mastery of technical and engineering knowledge and skills.
USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL LANGUAGE TRAINING OF FUTURE NAVIGATORS
Authors:   Doctor in Pedagogy, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Humanities, Danube Institute of the National University «Odessa Maritime Academy», ZHELIASKOV Vasyl
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the problem of influence of the information environment on navigators’ professional activity. It is emphasized that it is a topical issue in the system of higher marine education. It was clarified that at the present stage of training of marine specialists one of the most urgent problems is professional interaction in the process of professional activity. The safety of navigation, as well as the lives of passengers, depend on how effectively a navigator can communicate with crew members, and his level of professional interaction. In the process of professional interaction, navigators face a variety of non-standard and unpredictable situations which require new decisions and communicative understanding. In the study it was noted that the vast majority of vessels have multilingual interational crews, which sometimes are not able to demonstrate necessary professional skills for various reasons, including lack of English, thus endangering passengers, companies, property and environment. An important role is played by professional communicative interaction, which is extremely important for the safety of sea transortation. It is emphasized on the improvement of the process of teaching professional communicative interaction based on the introduction of elements of blended learning.
Classification of Franchising and Specifics of Its Types in Business Operation
Authors: BULAKH Т. , PLAKHOTNIKOVA L. , HROMADSKYI R.
Published: January 2021

The development of business can stuck in a series of problems related with market expansion, recruiting of staff in the dealer network, setting interaction channels etc. These can be dealt with by new economic mechanisms like franchising that allows for increasing the effectiveness of small business. But each of its type has advantages and shortcomings, which, if misunderstood, can cause serious risks to the operation of each partner and business on the whole.  The article’s objective is to investigate criteria for classification of franchising and business specifics of its types.  
It is shown that franchising can take various types and forms in business operation, depending on the classification criteria. A detailed discussion of franchising types is given, classified by character of business operation, opportunities and intentions of franchisee, strategy for franchising business expansion, number of franchising enterprises owned by one franchisee, value of franchise, existence of intermediaries between franchiser and franchisee. It is argued that the above given classification allows one to position franchising types in business operation, choose the most appropriate type of franchising or a type of interactions with partners in creating a franchising enterprise, make projections for franchising-based businesses.   
It is emphasized that franchising is not an all-purpose tool for addressing all the problems of small business; it has a great many shortcomings that may be caused by possible dishonesty of a franchiser or rooted in the very nature of franchising. Two groups of shortcomings specific to franchising are discussed in detail. Advantages of the franchising system are demonstrated by comparing statistical data about the firms operated on franchising terms and by traditional methods; by highlighting the significant role of a ready-made standardized business plan provided by a franchiser to a franchisee, which helps insure the latter from business risks; and easy access of an entrepreneur deciding to launch own business (i. e. a franchisee) to bank loans.
Peculiarities and Prospects of Bank Lending to the Agriculture at the Current Phase of Economic Development in Ukraine
Authors: BONDARUK Т. , LUKASHUK М.
Published: January 2021

It is demonstrated that the domestic agricultural sector continues to be underfunded in spite of special lending programs for agricultural producers implemented by banks and stimuli provided by international financial organizations to agricultural producers to make them introduce energy saving measures. The research objective is to review the current situation with bank lending of the agricultural sector in Ukraine and determine its main problems and prospects. The following research methods were used: induction, deduction, system approach, statistical analysis, logical generalization, graphical method.   
It is shown that the bank lending in Ukraine is operating now under the pressures of the financial globalization processes and in the post-crisis condition of the bank sector, high risks and information asymmetry characterized by lack of complete and reliable information about the factors underlying business operation in various economic sectors, required for the assessment of the borrowers’ creditworthiness, and by inefficient financial and credit instruments.    
A review of global practices shows that in most part of foreign countries governments support lending to agricultural producers through budget preferences or limitations imposed on the banks that can lend agricultural producers, with laying down a requirement that the loans provided to the agricultural sector must be the cheapest ones. Lending of agricultural producers in European countries is most often carried out by cooperative banks, with mortgage of lands being the main form of long-term lending. Considering the European practice, creating a specialized agrarian bank or applying economic stimuli to banks engaged in lending of the agricultural sector may be a solution of lending problems in Ukraine.
The study of specific features of bank lending to the agricultural sector at the current phase of economic development in Ukraine confirms the need for further with scientific justifications of the government support to lending processes in the agricultural sector.
Organization of Big Data in The Structure of The Digitalization Ecosystem of a Globalized Society
Authors: HOROBETS O.
Published: January 2021

У статті зосереджено увагу на поняттях «цифровізація» та «глобалізація». Визначено основні тенденції глобалізаційних процесів, їх позитивні та негативні наслідки для суспільства. Охарактеризовано блоки цифровізаційної екосистеми. Визначено, що ті масиви даних, які наразі існують є двигуном інновацій та виступають новими, альтернативними джерелами статистичних даних для офіційної статистики.  З метою усвідомлення ієрархії даних, розроблено організацію великих даних. З’ясовано, що незважаючи на усі ризики, глобалізація відкриває нові можливості для розвитку освіти, науки, медицини. розвиваючись в глобалізаційних умовах, країнам необхідно діяти консолідовано, з метою подолання глобальних проблем. Таким чином, наукова розвідка сучасного стану цифровізаційних процесів в умовах глобалізації 4.0, стали основною метою написання цієї роботи.
Observation results of hydrophysical and hydrochemical parameters in the littoral zone of Lake Baikal
Authors: Aslamov I.A. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Makarov M.M. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Gnatovsky R.Yu. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Chernyshov M.S. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Kucher K.M. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Domysheva V.M. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
Published: January 2021

The article presents the first results of field tests of the automated station developed by the researchers from Limnological Institute SB RAS for measuring hydrophysical, hydrochemical and meteorological parameters in water bodies with the real-time data transmission to a remote Internet server. We show daily and hourly variations of the main hydrophysical and hydrochemical parameters in the littoral zone and near the pier in the Bolshiye Koty settlement. A comparative analysis of the obtained data with the results of parallel chemical analyses of the daily samples revealed their good agreement.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
Authors: Hassan Khaled
Published: January 2021

Gastroesophageal reflux is defined as a common physiologic phenomenon encountered intermittently by a large population, especially following a feed. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) happens if the number of gastric juices that refluxes into the esophagus passes the accepted limit, making symptoms with or without correlated esophageal mucosal injury (i.e., esophagitis). Diagnosis and treatment guidelines of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were announced in 1995 and updated in 2005 and lastly reviewed in 2013 by the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG). These and other guidelines undergo periodic review. Advances continue to be made in GERD, leading us to review and revise previous guideline statements. Here we aimed to review the different updated guidelines of diagnosis and treatment of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A web-based search utilizing the advanced characteristics of different databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane electronic databases was carried out.

Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Updates, Guidelines, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Lingvocultural Specifics of the Communicative Behaviour in Arabic English-language Business Discourse
Authors: Kochetova L. A. , Al-Bayati Yassien Sh. S.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The paper studies specifics of the communicative behavior of native speakers of English and Arab speakers of English as a second language in business situations. The novelty of the study is implied by the fact that it establishes ethnocultural features of comissive speech acts in value-marked situations in the English-language business discourse. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the interest in speech acts functioning in lingvocultural perspective, which studies patterns of communicative behavior in cross-cultural situations and issues of verbal representation of speech acts in the speech of native and non-native speakers of English as they are employed in various genres and types of discourse.

Methodology and sources. The study employs methods of corpus linguistics and discourse analysis interpretive method. The study is drawn on a corpus compiled of business letters written by employees of United Arab Emirates companies who speak English as a second language (LBLC). The corpus LBLC comprises 160 letters, 33 907 words. To identify cultural differences, Business Letter Corpus of 1 million words that contains letters written by British and American writers was chosen.

Results and discussion. The results of cross-cultural comparison of commissive speech acts representation in value marked situations in the Learner Business Letter Corpus (LBLC) and Business Letter Corpus are presented. It has been concluded that both corpora under study display similarity as for functions of comissive speech acts in value-marked communicative situations whereas differences are revealed in the variation of lexical and grammatical choices that represent these speech acts and their pragmatics. In the BLC the situations when commissive speech acts correlate with apology the addresser commits themselves to obligation not to perform actions that are undesirable for the addressee or prevent the circumstances that might have negative consequences for the addressee. In the LBLC, following the communicative act of apology the addresser emphasizes the causes that have resulted in his failure to complete his obligations and promises to eliminate these causes. The texts in BLC employ explicit speech acts of guarantee that represent an obligation on condition that the addressee completes a certain action and emphasize the sincerity of the addresser. The texts in LBLC do not contain any instances of explicit speech acts of guarantee and the utterance is interpreted as a guarantee on the basis of declarations expressed in the letter.

Conclusion. It is concluded that in cross-cultural value-marked situations speech acts implementation follows algorithms that are relevant in a given culture and display cultural specificity that can be studies by linguistic methods.
The Main Germanic Dialects of Flanders
Authors: Ulianitckaia L. A. , Shumkov A. A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The article reveals a complicated language situation in the Flemish region of Belgium - a progressing extinction of Germanic dialects, which are historically spread on this territory. Each dialectal group has its unique features, and the West-Flemish and Limburgish groups might have become grounds for particular languages.

Methodology and sources. The methodological base consists in a complex approach, combining the comparative-historical and contrastive methods with the method of sociolinguistic interpretation. The investigation is conducted on the language material, collected from different dialectal dictionaries of Dutch, as well as from special linguistic papers on the language situation in Flanders.

Results and discussion. The article represents a multiplicity of Germanic dialects, existing on the territory of modern Flanders. A short revue is given on lexical and grammatical peculiarities of four main dialectal groups, as well as on their peculiar phonetics. A special attention is, respectively, paid to the urban dialects of Antwerp, Gent, Bruges and Hasselt. There are analyzed some interferential phenomena, caused by the contact of the investigated dialects with Romanic and Germanic environment and occurring on all language levels - from phonetic to the syntactic ones. It has been suggested, that certain specific grammar forms in Flemish dialects may be result of phonetic interference. For Marols, which originally belongs to the group of Brabant dialects, the juncture between Germanic morphosyntactic structure and Roman lexis is discussed.

Conclusion. For the last 20 years the percentage of persons, speaking the Germanic dialects of Flanders, has demonstrated a catastrophic decrease. Along with that, the main features of these dialects (mostly of the Brabant ones) have gone over to an intermediate language “tussentaal”, in both lexis and grammar. This language is being formed inbetween the Germanic dialects and Dutch; the latter is represented in the Flemish region by two variants – standard (common) Dutch and Belgian Dutch. The progressing decrease in the number of persons, speaking the autochthonous dialects of Flanders, is thoughtprovoking towards the exigency to fix the disappearing language variants through a strict scientific way.