bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DERIVATIVE APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL TEXTS
Authors: Ірина Валеріївна Царьова
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The paper focuses on the complex studying of the derivative potentialof textual categories, semantic features of lexical level components, their coherence in the facetof contemporary legal linguistics. It suggests different ways of defining the notion of syntacticderivation for realizing the processes of various structural units’ derivativeness. The paper alsostresses that derivative process of the legal text forming is investigated in the facet of derivatology,which studies derivation as the means of language units’formation from a word to a text, is oneof the fields of functional analysis of the language nowadays. Purpose. The paper aims atthe analysis of derivational approach to the studying of legal texts. The tasks are the following:to establish the influence of the level of derivation on the structure and semantic features ofspeechconstructions; to define the ways of applying the derivational approach to the study of the legaltexts. Methods. The main method of investigation is derivational one. It allowed to widenthe knowledge about legal text as lingual phenomenon, to describe its linguistic features, whichcharacterize it as a dynamic structure. Conclusion. Depending on their functions legal textsare distinguished by their structure, principles, rules and styles of their compiling.
DISCIPLINARY LIABILITY OF THE EMPLOYEE FOR NON-PERFORMANCE OR IMPROPER PERFORMANCE OF HIS/HER JOB DUTIES UNDER THE UKRAINIAN LEGISLATION
Authors: Vyshnovetska Svitlana , Vyshnovetskyi Vadym , Kmetyk Khrystyna
Published: September 2022

At present, the category of job duties of the employees becomes especially relevant. This is due to the transformation of views on the organization of the labour process, relations between the parties of the employment agreement. Job duties are the key element of the enterprise’s internal work schedule, and their proper performance by the employees is an important condition for the successful business of their employers. An unambiguous interpretation of the relevant concepts and categories of the institution of disciplinary liability, legal certainty in the nature of non-performance or improper performance of job duties, in qualifying the reasons for such non-performance as valid, excluding the fault of the employee, are very important. The authors concluded that the employee’s job duties as the object of disciplinary misconduct, which is the ground of disciplinary liability, could be considered as obligations connected with performance of the job function specified in the employment agreement. To certain categories of employees the duties to comply with moral and ethical norms, which is due to the position held or work performed, could also be considered as job duties. To avoid litigation, as well as abuse by both the employee and the employer, the employee’s job duties should be consolidated in his/her job description and other local regulations of the enterprise. In order to apply to the employer the legitimate disciplinary sanction for non-performance or improper performance of his/her job duties, a set of the following conditions should be met: the violation should relate only to those duties which are part of the employee’s job function or follow from the enterprise’s internal work schedule and which the employee should be duly informed about. Non-performance or improper performance of the job duties should be the culprit, committed without good reason intentionally or negligently.
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS AND LEGAL FEATURES OF CORRUPTION PREVENTION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Zabarny Maxim , Vitiuk Dariya
Published: September 2022

The article emphasized that corruption in Ukraine is the number one problem throughout the history of the formation and functioning of Ukrainian statehood. The catch phrase uttered two hundred years ago by the historian Karamzin, reflecting the essence of the Ukrainian state in one phrase "Steal", is still relevant today. The main problem of corruption in Ukraine is that the laws themselves lay the corruption space, due to the ambiguity of their interpretation and wording. Traditionally, after the adoption of any program, concept, law in the field of combating corruption, additional formal support takes place in the form of mandatory publication in the media, and the most interesting thing in each structure is the creation of public councils that do not perform those functions, which are assigned to them, and historical features show and prove, that any action aimed at combating corruption gains the opposite result. Today there is no unified understanding in the prevention of this phenomenon, due to the fact that it is necessary to start with a change in the psychology of people, from the moral and political climate in a society that does not see or do not trust the state guidelines that exist today. Due to this, a public opinion has been formed that the government itself is corrupt at all levels and in order for a turning point in the consciousness of the people to occur, it is necessary to show the inevitability of punishment. Only after that will there be a really intolerant attitude towards corruption in society, when the government itself will increase its responsibility to society, when the judicial system will be completely independent of power then and there will be a certain shift in the prevention of corruption. It was concluded that it is necessary that the fight against corruption should have a systemic form where the main principles in the fight against corruption should be the legality and openness of power. The most important thing is that criminal offenses of a corrupt nature always go unpunished due to what they have committed.
Faculty Perceptions of Building Collaborative Teaching Capacities within a Transnational Virtual Exchange
Authors: Weaver Gregory , Hiltebrand Genevieve , Ngai Grace , Chan Stephen
Published: September 2022

The 2019/2020 academic year brought historic opportunities for faculty to manage virtual exchanges (O’Dowd, 2021), yet limited research exists on how teachers develop their capacity within these programs. As educators collaborating on a transnational virtual exchange, we aim to investigate the process that teachers go through as they co-develop and collaborate in a transnational virtual exchange from our experiences and perceptions. We ask: To what extent do previous lived experiences mediate the process of teacher capacity building in a transnational virtual, collaborative exchange? This collaborative qualitative autoethnography case study explores our experiences as four instructors from the United States and Hong Kong, reflecting our experiences as they relate to teacher capacity building in transnational virtual exchange. The data suggests that previously lived international experiences assisted the instructors in capacity building within a virtual exchange and brought into question the role of cultural humility.
Virtual Tabadul: Creating Language-Learning Community Through Virtual Reality
Authors: Baralt Melissa , Doscher Stephanie , Boukerrou Lakhdar , Bogosian Biayna , Elmeligi Wessam , Hdouch Youcef , Istifan Jamil , Nemouchi Abdelhak , Khachatryan Taron , Elsakka Noha , Arana Fernando , Cobos-Solis Jonathan , Perez Giancarlo , Mouchane Salah-Eddine , Vassigh Shahin
Published: September 2022

This article presents on a multi-institution project that explains the development of Virtual Tabadul, which is an exchange program in virtual reality for English and Arabic foreign language and culture learning and community building amongst 1,200 US and the Middle East, and North Africa (MENA) college-aged youth. The program involves faculty, staff, and students at four institutions: Florida International University (U.S.), University of Michigan-Dearborn (U.S.), Oum El-Bouaghi University (Algeria), and Ibn Tofail University (Morocco). The project has been developed with generous funding from the Stevens Initiative and is the very first virtual exchange program for Arabic and English foreign language learning in virtual reality.
Transformational Learning Through Shifting Global Perspectives
Authors: Devereux Taryn , Glenn Anna
Published: September 2022

The Global Classroom Model (GCM) is a project-based, cross-cultural, and virtual course conducted in partnership between institutions of higher education. Instructors at the University of Maryland (UMD) and the Liberia International Christian College (LICC) co-developed and co-instructed a novel and innovative Global Agriculture iteration of the Global Classroom (GC) course and collected data from students (n= 46) and stakeholders (n=18) through 2019, 2020, and 2021. This research used mixed-method pre/post interviews to address changes in attitudes, aspirations, and perceptions, and to better understand student experiences in global education. Students reported an increase in technical skills, “global perspective,” and feelings of “empowerment” through being able to work internationally on community-driven activities. This longitudinal study illuminates the impact of COVID-19 on a unique global learning experience, and highlights the broader opportunities and challenges found in designing truly collaborative global learning while also providing insights for practical implementation.
Virtual International Exchange: Access, Outcomes, and Programmatic Concerns
Authors: Whatley Melissa , Woodman Taylor , Glass Chris
Published: September 2022

This editorial provides context for the articles that appear in this special issue and brings them together thematically. We first examine how special issue authors chose to define the term ‘virtual exchange’ in their work and then explore key take-aways from each article in three thematic groups: access; outcomes; and programmatic concerns. Together, the articles in this special issue speak to key issues in virtual international exchange that will be important for researchers and practitioners alike to contend with as the field develops.
MILITARY AND WAR CRIMES IN DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Ostapchuk L. G. , Kuzmenko T.V. ,   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Criminal and international legislation in terms of legal regulation of military and war crimes is analyzed in the article. Conclusions and recommendations of international organizations on the researched issue are made. The views of scholars on the distinction between the concepts of “military” and “war” crimes are considered. It is proved that there is an important difference between military and war crimes. Thus, war crimes can be committed only in conditions of an armed conflict, in turn, military criminal offenses both during armed conflict and during military service. Emphasis is placed on further harmonization of domestic legislation and the Rome Statute in order to bring the perpetrators to justice effectively. It is noted that international treaties and other acts of international law are intended to regulate international disputes between states, but from time to time it is difficult to apply them in reality to ensure that states parties to the conflict in practice. For this purpose, third parties often enter into legal relations, which contribute to the settlement of a conflict between the states and the establishment of a stable domestic foreign policy situation on the territory of each of them. It is found out that the task of international law in this case is to resolve such conflicts with the help of their organizations and institutions, to establish new “rules of the game” in the international arena. And only in this way, by involving all countries of the world in peaceful cooperation and developing an effective mechanism of cooperation, it is possible to achieve world order and peace. To this end, the scope of various conciliation commissions should be extended, and States parties to the conflict should be encouraged to settle disputes peacefully in order to preserve world resources and human lives, which, as mentioned above, are of the highest social value. Key words: military crime, war crime, armed conflict, war, international legal acts.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF EFFECTIVE USE OF CANINE TEAMS
Authors:   Territorially Separated Branch “Khmelnytskyi branch of the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service”, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine, Matviichuk V.P.
Published: September 2022

The conditions for the effective use of Junior Canine Inspectors with service dogs of remand centers and penal institutions of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine while performing their assigned tasks are clarified in the article. The essence and content of the proposed principles of using dog commands are revealed. The basic principles of application of canine commands while performing their tasks on purpose are offered the following: – the use of service dogs, taking into account their physiological characteristics and physical capabilities; – high efficiency of dog training; – activity and timeliness of actions of canine teams during the performance of purpose tasks; – the use of dog commands in combination with technical means; – continuous improvement of training methods and tactics of cynologists’ actions with service dogs. The responsibilities of the junior canine inspector to create favorable conditions for the effective use of service dogs is clarified. Namely, they are obliged to: – to improve their knowledge, study according to an individual program and systematically train a service dog assigned to them constantly; – to be able to use a service dog in accordance with the requirements of the law; – to show determination, agility and physical endurance while performing official tasks; – to keep a diary of education (training) of a service dog; – to qualitatively fulfill the requirements for storage, keeping and feeding of service dogs; – to clean and protect the fixed dog from diseases and various injuries; – to know the most common diseases and signs of dogs, as well as ways to provide them with the first aid; – to clean the premises for a service dog, keep in proper condition and constant readiness of equipment and care items; – to report to the Senior Canine Inspector of the remand center (penal institution) about the dog's disease immediately; – to follow the rules of personal hygiene when working with a service dog. The factors that ensure the smooth operation of canine teams are proposed and the factors that affect the performance of a service dog are specified, taking into account the specifics of service activities of remand prisons and penal institutions, among which the following should be noted: – general condition of the body of a service dog; – degree of preparedness (training) of a service dog; – dog trainer’s knowledge, skills, abilities and experience to manage the behavior of a service dog during its use in specific circumstances; – odorous situation in the area (place) of a service dog use; – peculiarities of the odor trail (antiquity, wind, precipitation, atmospheric pressure); – time of the year, time of the day; – terrain (relief, vegetation, etc.); – distracting environmental stimuli. Key words: Junior Canine Inspectors, service dogs, effective use, principles, factors.
JUDICIAL REFORM IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Oliinyk V.S.
Published: September 2022

The article considers the following areas of reforming the judicial system of Ukraine: strengthening the independence of the judiciary from other branches of government and officials; establishing a reliable mechanism for bringing judges to justice for unjust decisions; establishing a balanced relationship between the judiciary and law enforcement; as well as improving the system of execution of court decisions with the formation of proposals for improving the judicial system of Ukraine. The current law “On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges” contains provisions on the possibility of prosecuting judges for corruption offenses and for violations of procedural law. The following conclusions and suggestions were made: The President of Ukraine and other branches of government must be completely removed from the formation of the judiciary. Judges should be responsible not only for crimes, but also for disciplinary action for unjust decisions, including those ones that do not comply with or contradict substantive law. For the Prosecutor’s Office to be impartial, it must be independent from the President and other authorities and formed on a competitive basis. The Attorney General in our legal system should be appointed by the parliamentary opposition, which will create a balance of interests in this area. The system of execution of court decisions in Ukraine is characterized by its inaction and insolvency. Creating an effective executive service is an important task of the state. Stimulation of efficiency of activity of state executors can be carried out by material stimulation, granting of certain essential bonuses depending on coefficient of efficiency of the executed court decisions. Key words. judicial system of Ukraine, judicial branch of government, judicial reform, courts, judges, court decisions
The Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) in Lincoln, Nebraska
Authors: Panella Melissa , Dunn Shaun , Labedz Thomas , Genoways Hugh
Published: September 2022

The southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) is considered a species of greatest conservation need in Nebraska and listed as
threatened in the state. Historically, the geographic range of the southern flying squirrel in Nebraska has been restricted to five
eastern counties from a northern suburb of Omaha, Douglas Co., southward in the four counties of Sarpy, Otoe, Nemaha, and
Richardson, all bordering the Missouri River on the east. In late November of 2018, a resident of Lincoln, Lancaster Co., Nebraska,
contacted the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission about an animal found dead in his yard. This animal proved to be a southern
flying squirrel, which was 50 to 70 miles [80 to112 km] west of the known geographic range of the species. Two additional individuals
were subsequently observed at the original residence as were individuals in at least a total of 10 neighborhoods throughout the
city of Lincoln. Clearly, a population of the southern flying squirrels is established and reproducing in Lincoln, but their origin is
unknown. The source of this city-dwelling population may be from released/escaped pets, a natural dispersal from the Missouri
River via the Platte River and Salt Creek, or inadvertent translocation when moving timber or fire wood.
Nominal French Loanwords’ Initial Gemination in Kenitra’s Dialect: An Optimality-Theoretic Analysis
Authors: Rafi Said
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates French nominal loanwords’ initial gemination in Kenitra’s dialect in Moroccan Arabic within the framework of optimality theory. It studies the initial geminates that surface in borrowed nominal words from French into Kenitra’s dialect as well as looks into why the source words do not have geminate segments. The focus is to unfold the reason behind the emergence of geminate consonants when they are adapted into Kenitra’s dialect from French nominal words. Under the purview of optimality theory, we introduce and discuss the interaction between constraints in this dialect and how they conflict to allow the harmonic candidate to surface. The significance of this research is to provide evidence that initial geminates are inherently moraic in MA, especially Kenitra’s dialect.
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN HANDLING CRIMINAL ACTS OF NARCOTICS WITH CHILD PERFORMERS IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW
Authors: Juanda Mugia Yarry , Koto Zulkarnein , Nainggolan Marsudin
Published: September 2022

Narcotics crimes are not only committed by adults but also children. For cases of criminal acts committed by children, the restorative justice system at least aims to repair/recover criminal acts committed by children with actions that are beneficial to children. This research is included in normative juridical research. The data used is secondary data. Meanwhile, the collection of legal materials is carried out by reviewing and collecting library materials and the analysis method is carried out using a qualitative descriptive method. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that based on the three decisions that the researchers reviewed, namely Decision Number 28/Pid.Sus-Anak/2020/PN Mre with the Defendant Andesta Bin Rusimin, Decision No.02/Pid.Sus-Anak/2015/PN- SAB with the Defendant Fajri Bin Nurdin and Decision Number 06/Pid.Sus.anak/2017/PN-Bir with the Defendant Child, it can be seen that the concept of restorative justice in handling cases of children as perpetrators of narcotics crimes by the panel of judges was not implemented. This can be seen in his injunction; the Panel of Judges actually sentenced the Defendant to years in prison. Whereas the concept adopted by restorative justice is a concept that prioritizes recovery, not retaliation. The ideal concept of restorative justice in handling cases of children as perpetrators of narcotics crimes is a concept that provides a value of justice for both perpetrators and victims, for this reason it is necessary to reform Law Number 35 of 2009 regarding sanctions for child perpetrators of narcotics crimes by eliminating criminal sanctions. imprisonment is half of the adult sentence. It is necessary to build rehabilitation places that specifically deal with children who are perpetrators of narcotics crimes.
RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS THROUGH THE INTERNET SITE VIEWING FROM THE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE OF CONSUMER PROTECTION
Authors: Atmoko Dwi
Published: September 2022

At first the internet network could only be used by the educational environment (colleges) and research institutions. Then in 1995, the new internet can be used for the public. With the application can make it easier for people to access information on the internet. After the opening of the internet for the public interest, more and more business applications have sprung up on the internet. Users of electronic systems, also known as consumers, can quickly find out about information developments in various parts of the world. By relying solely on search engines such as Google and Yahoo, electronic system users around the world have easy internet access to various kinds of information. Compared to books and libraries, the internet symbolizes the spread (decentralization), knowledge (knowledge) of information and data to the extreme. The internet can also be used by the government in providing public services. The internet is the easiest means to meet the needs of finding information that consumers want.
PRE-TRIAL AGAINST TIPIRING ACCORDING TO POLICE PERKAP ON TRAFFIC TIPIRING HANDLING
Authors: Prakoso Samuel Rado , Maulida Khilmatin
Published: September 2022

Traffic violations are one type of crime that is included in the category of minor crimes (Tipiring). Minor crimes are crimes that are light or harmless. This research uses normative legal research. The data used is secondary data, secondary data in this study were collected through document studies (library research). The type of approach used is a statutory approach with analytical descriptive techniques. The results of the study show that the pretrial conducted by motorized vehicle drivers who received a ticket in the context of tipiring, was carried out in stages: submitting an application to the head of the court, the application letter was registered in a pretrial case, the head of the court directly appointed the clerk and judge, the case was examined by a single judge, rules to examine related cases, and judges make decisions no later than 7 days. Law enforcement after the pretrial for traffic violations using the law of rapid examination procedure, which is regulated in Article 211 of the Criminal Procedure Code which states "what is examined according to the examination procedure in this paragraph is a case of certain violations of road traffic laws". In addition, post-trial law enforcement against traffic violations is also regulated in Article 10 paragraph (2) of the Police Chief Regulation Number 6 of 2019 concerning Criminal Acts Investigation also states: "In terms of investigating minor crimes and traffic violations, investigative activities consist of: above: inspection; notify the defendant in writing of the day, date, time and place of the trial; submit files to court; and bring the accused together with the evidence to court.”
What makes a leader? A Role Analysis of Latent Diffusion Networks
Authors: LaCombe Scott , Saunders Tracee
Published: September 2022

Is being a policy leader an intrinsic characteristic of a state, or does policy leadership dependent on context and policy at hand? Since Walker’s initial study of policy adoptions in the states, scholars have used a variety of methods to understand what makes a state a policy leader or follower. We use role analysis to identify which states play similar roles in latent diffusion networks and categorize states as leaders and laggards. Using a variety of external and internal state characteristics, we find policy leadership is stable over time, with states being much more likely to remain leaders once they become one. Additionally, leadership appears to be widespread across topic areas rather than states specializing in one area at the cost of others. We find little evidence policy demands predict leadership. These findings suggest policy leadership is a stable trait and once patterns of diffusion emerge, they likely persist.
Combination of natural polyanions and polycations based on interfacial complexation for multi-functionalization of wound dressings
Authors: Li Shuyang , Wang Liya , Zhang Jue , Zhao Zijun , Yu Weifeng , Tan Zhi , Gao Po , Chen Xingtao
Published: September 2022

Multi-functionalization of wound dressings with natural polymers is meaningful and remains a challenge. The combination of natural polyanions and polycations appears to be a promising strategy. Still, its performances based on current layer-by-layer self-assembly or homogeneous complexation are mutable and limited. Herein, Ca2+-incorporated carboxymethyl cellulose (Ca/Na-CMC) and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) are adopted as the model polyanion and polycation, respectively, to develop multi-functionalized dressings based on interfacial complexation. The dressings exhibit a multilayer structure composed of a polyanion layer (Ca/Na-CMC) for hemostasis and promotion of cell proliferation, a formed polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) layer for structural stability, and a polycation layer (HACC) for antibiosis. Compared to the dressing based on homogeneous complexation, the multilayer dressings show stronger moisture penetrability (around 1,150 g/m2/24 h), higher hemostatic activity, and higher antibacterial rate (up to 100%) and promoted effect on cell proliferation. An in vivo evaluation using a rat full-thickness skin defect model reveals that the multilayer dressings can accelerate wound healing in 2 weeks. Overall, owing to interfacial complexation resulting in separate layers, the performances of polyanions and polycations after combination are more predictable, and their biological functions can be effectively preserved. These findings not only support the extensive application of multilayer dressings but also offer an alternative strategy for multi-functionalizing wound dressings with natural polyanions and polycations.
Recent progress of Bioinspired Hydrogel-based delivery system for endometrial repair
Authors: Dong Rong , Ma Saihua , Zhao Xiaoli , Wang Baojuan , Roy Mridul , Yao Lu , Xia Tian , Liu Yanting
Published: September 2022

Endometrial injury is the main fact leading to infertility. Current treatments of endometrial injury present many problems, such as unable to achieve desired effects due to low retention and the inherent potential risk of injury. Besides, it is important to the development of bioinspired material that can mimic the natural tissue and possess native tissue topography. Hydrogel is a kind of bioinspired superhydrophilic materials with unique characteristics, such as excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, porosity, swelling, and cross-linkage. These unique physiochemical properties of bioinspired hydrogels enable their promising application as novel delivery platform and alternative therapies for endometrial injury. In this mini review, we summarize the recent advances in bioinispred hydrogel-based delivery system for endometrial repair, including as a post-operative physical barrier and therapeutic delivery system. In addition, present status, limitations, and future perspectives are also discussed.
Simvastatin and fluvastatin attenuate trauma-induced cell death and catabolism in human cartilage
Authors: Riegger Jana , Maurer Svenja , Pulasani Sai , Brenner Rolf E.
Published: September 2022

Joint injuries are known to induce pathomechanisms that might lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). In this regard, statins with their pleiotropic effects could represent potential therapeutic agents in preventing the development of PTOA. Therefore, we investigated the effects of simvastatin and fluvastatin in a drop-tower-based human ex vivo cartilage trauma model. After 7 days, a mechanical impact (0.59 J) resulted in a decrease of the cell viability and increased expression of catabolic enzymes in cartilage explants. Simvastatin and fluvastatin treatment of impacted cartilage demonstrated cell protective effects in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, statin therapy exhibited chondroprotective effects as demonstrated by attenuated expression of MMP-2 and MMP-13 as well as subsequent breakdown of collagen type II (after impact). Further analysis indicated antioxidative properties of the statins by upregulating the gene expression of SOD2 and suppression that of NOX2 and NOX4. Despite its protective effects, simvastatin impaired the biosynthesis of collagen type II, which was confirmed during chondrogenic redifferentiation of high passage chondrocytes. However, while long-term administration of statins for 4 weeks impaired chondrogenic redifferentiation, addition of simvastatin at low concentrations for 1 week exhibited a slightly promoting effect. In conclusion, our data imply that simvastatin and fluvastatin are suitable in terms of initial harm reduction after cartilage trauma.
Advances in electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials for the detection of lipid hormone
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Du Xin , Zhang Zhenguo
Published: September 2022

Lipid hormone is produced by highly differentiated endocrine cells and directly secretes into the blood circulation or tissue fluid to act as information transmission. It influences the physiological functions of the human body by controlling the metabolic processes of multiple tissue cells. Monitoring the levels of lipid hormone is of great importance for maintaining human health. The electrochemical sensor is considered as an ideal tool to detect lipid hormone owing to its advantages such as quick response, convenience and low economic costs. In recent 3 years, researchers have developed various electrochemical sensors for the detection of lipid hormone to improve their sensitivity or selectivity. The use of nanomaterials (such as carbon nanomaterials, precious metal and polymer) is a key research object and a breakthrough for improving the sensing performance of electrochemical sensors for detection of lipid hormone. This paper reviews and discusses the basic principle, nanomaterials, actuality and future development trend of electrochemical sensors for the detection of lipid hormone in the past 3 years.
The application of biomaterials in osteogenesis: A bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Wang Jie , Chi Yuan , Yang Baohui , Zhang Qiongchi , Wang Dong , He Xijing , Li Haopeng
Published: September 2022

Osteogenesis serves an important role in bone tissue repairing. Novel biomaterials are widely prevalent as materials for orthopedic implants due to their biocompatibility and osteogenetic ability. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze hotspots and future trend of biomaterials research in osteogenesis based on bibliometric and visualized analysis. A total of 1,523 papers about biomaterials research in osteogenesis between 2000 and 2021 were included in this study. During the above 20 years, China’s leading position in the global biomaterials research in osteogenesis was obvious, and it was also the country that most frequently participates in international cooperation. Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most productive institution and the leader of research cooperation. Acta Biomaterialia and Biomaterials have published the largest number of articles in the field of biomaterials research in osteogenesis. Meanwhile, Acta Biomaterialia and Biomaterials were also the two journals with the highest total citation frequency. Wu CT, Chang J, Kaplan DL, and Xiao Y all made important contributions in the field of biomaterials research in osteogenesis. At present, there are five research hotspots in the field of biomaterials research in osteogenesis: 1) the immunomodulatory role of biomaterial-related inflammatory; 2) mechanisms of osteogenesis in biomaterials; 3) 3D printing and clinical application of biomaterials; 4) bone tissue engineering for biomaterial osteogenesis; and 5) regenerative medicine for biomaterial osteogenesis. The results of this study showed that mechanisms of osteogenesis in biomaterials, bone tissue engineering for biomaterial osteogenesis, and regenerative medicine for biomaterial osteogenesis will remain research hotspots in the future. International cooperation was also expected to expand and deepen the field of biomaterials research in osteogenesis.
Functional implication of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating mechanisms in TDP-43 proteinopathies
Authors: Tran Non-Nuoc , Lee Byung-Hoon
Published: September 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in which motor neurons in spinal cord and motor cortex are progressively lost. About 15% cases of ALS also develop the frontotemporal dementia (FTD), in which the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) occurs in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Among the pathologic commonalities in ALS and FTD is ubiquitin-positive cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 that may reflect both its loss-of-function and gain-of-toxicity from proteostasis impairment. Deep understanding of how protein quality control mechanisms regulate TDP-43 proteinopathies still remains elusive. Recently, a growing body of evidence indicates that ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating pathways are critically engaged in the fate decision of aberrant or pathological TDP-43 proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases coupled with deubiquitinating enzymes may influence the TDP-43-associated proteotoxicity through diverse events, such as protein stability, translocation, and stress granule or inclusion formation. In this article, we recapitulate our current understanding of how ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating mechanisms can modulate TDP-43 protein quality and its pathogenic nature, thus shedding light on developing targeted therapies for ALS and FTD by harnessing protein degradation machinery.
Heparanase in cancer progression: Structure, substrate recognition and therapeutic potential
Authors: Yuan Fengyan , Yang Yiyuan , Zhou Huiqin , Quan Jing , Liu Chongyang , Wang Yi , Zhang Yujing , Yu Xing
Published: September 2022

Heparanase, a member of the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) GH79 family, is an endo-β-glucuronidase capable of degrading the carbohydrate moiety of heparan sulphate proteoglycans, thus modulating and facilitating remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Heparanase activity is strongly associated with major human pathological complications, including but not limited to tumour progress, angiogenesis and inflammation, which make heparanase a valuable therapeutic target. Long-due crystallographic structures of human and bacterial heparanases have been recently determined. Though the overall architecture of human heparanase is generally comparable to that of bacterial glucuronidases, remarkable differences exist in their substrate recognition mode. Better understanding of regulatory mechanisms of heparanase in substrate recognition would provide novel insight into the anti-heparanase inhibitor development as well as potential clinical applications.
A novel room-temperature formaldehyde gas sensor based on walnut-like WO3 modification on Ni–graphene composites
Authors: Mehmood Shahid , Khan Faheem Ullah , Shah Muhmmad Naeem , Ma Junxian , Yang Yatao , Li Guijun , Xu Wei , Zhao Xiaojin , He Wei , Pan Xiaofang
Published: September 2022

Ternary composite with great modulation of electron transfers has attracted a lot of attention from the field of high-performance room-temperature (RT) gas sensing. Herein, walnut-like WO3-Ni–graphene ternary composites were successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method for formaldehyde (HCHO) sensing at RT. The structural and morphological analyses were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM and TEM studies confirmed that walnut-like WO3 nanostructures with an average size of 53 ± 23 nm were functionalized. The Raman and XPS results revealed that, due to the deformation of the O-W-O lattice, surface oxygen vacancies Ov and surface-adsorbed oxygen species Oc were present. The gas-sensing measurement shows that the response of the WO3-Ni-Gr composite (86.8%) was higher than that of the Ni-Gr composite (22.7%) for 500 ppm HCHO at RT. Gas-sensing enhancement can be attributed to a p-n heterojunction formation between WO3 and Ni-Gr, Oc, spill-over effect of Ni decoration, and a special walnut-like structure. Moreover, long term stability (%R = 61.41 ± 1.66) for 30 days and high selectivity in the presence of other gases against HCHO suggested that the proposed sensor could be an ideal candidate for future commercial HCHO-sensing in a real environment.
Bacillus subtilis KLBMPGC81 suppresses appressorium-mediated plant infection by altering the cell wall integrity signaling pathway and multiple cell biological processes in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Li Lianwei , Li Yanru , Lu Kailun , Chen Rangrang , Jiang Jihong
Published: September 2022

Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive crop pathogens in the world, causing huge losses in rice harvest every year. Bacillus subtilis is a potential biocontrol agent that has been explored in many crop systems because it is a potent producer of bioactive compounds. However, the mechanisms by which these agents control rice blasts are not fully understood. We show that B. subtilis KLBMPGC81 (KC81) and its supernatant (SUP) have high antimicrobial activity against M. oryzae strain Guy11. To better exploit KC81 as a biocontrol agent, the mechanism by which KC81 suppresses rice blast pathogens was investigated. This study shows that KC81 SUP is effective in controlling rice blast disease. The SUP has a significant effect on suppressing the growth of M. oryzae and appressorium-mediated plant infection. KC81 SUP compromises cell wall integrity, microtubules and actin cytoskeleton, mitosis, and autophagy, all of which are required for M. oryzae growth, appressorium development, and host infection. We further show that the SUP reduces the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc2 by enhancing the phosphorylation of Cdc2 Tyr 15, thereby impairing mitosis in M. oryzae cells. SUP induces the cell wall sensor MoWsc1 to activate the cell wall integrity pathway and Mps1 and Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Taken together, our findings reveal that KC81 is an effective fungicide that suppresses M. oryzae growth, appressorium formation, and host infection by abnormally activating the cell wall integrity pathway, disrupting the cytoskeleton, mitosis, and autophagy.
Recruitment of Irgb6 to the membrane is a direct trigger for membrane deformation
Authors: Yamada Hiroshi , Abe Tadashi , Nagaoka Hikaru , Takashima Eizo , Nitta Ryo , Yamamoto Masahiro , Takei Kohji
Published: September 2022

Irgb6 is a member of interferon γ-induced immunity related GTPase (IRG), and one of twenty “effector” IRGs, which coordinately attack parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), causing death of intracellular pathogen. Although Irgb6 plays a pivotal role as a pioneer in the process of PVM disruption, the direct effect of Irgb6 on membrane remained to be elucidated. Here, we utilized artificial lipid membranes to reconstitute Irgb6-membrane interaction in vitro, and revealed that Irgb6 directly deformed the membranes. Liposomes incubated with recombinant Irgb6 were drastically deformed generating massive tubular protrusions in the absence of guanine nucleotide, or with GMP-PNP. Liposome deformation was abolished by incubating with Irgb6-K275A/R371A, point mutations at membrane targeting residues. The membrane tubules generated by Irgb6 were mostly disappeared by the addition of GTP or GDP, which are caused by detachment of Irgb6 from membrane. Binding of Irgb6 to the membrane, which was reconstituted in vitro using lipid monolayer, was stimulated at GTP-bound state. Irgb6 GTPase activity was stimulated by the presence of liposomes more than eightfold. Irgb6 GTPase activity in the absence of membrane was also slightly stimulated, by lowering ionic strength, or by increasing protein concentration, indicating synergistic stimulation of the GTPase activity. These results suggest that membrane targeting of Irgb6 and resulting membrane deformation does not require GTP, but converting into GTP-bound state is crucial for detaching Irgb6 from the membrane, which might coincident with local membrane disruption.
Temporal trends in pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in Chinese children and adolescents over two decades (1991–2015)
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Zhu Yunying , Li Shuting , Ye Xinxin , Hou Leying , You Yating , Wang Chenyu , Wu Yuhang , Zhang Junmeng , Wang Yinlin , Song Peige , Mao Xi
Published: September 2022

Background

Pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are well-established markers of cardiovascular risk. In this study, we aimed to assess the temporal trend and associated factors of PP and MAP in Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods

From the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2015, a total of 11,123 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years were included. Stratified analyses and generalized estimating equation (GEE) were conducted to compare the trends of PP and MAP by age and sex over two decades, along with the calculation of average relative increase (ARI). Moreover, multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the associated factors of PP and MAP.

Results

During 1991–2015, upward trends were observed in both PP and MAP levels, with ARI of 0.30 and 0.34%, respectively. PP was higher in boys [PP1991 33.9 mmHg (95%CI, 33.40–34.33) to PP2015 35.4 mmHg (34.74–36.15)] than in girls [PP1991 33.3 mmHg (32.83–33.72) to PP2015 34.3 mmHg (33.59–34.99)]. PP was also higher in participants aged 13–17 years [PP1991 36.1 mmHg (35.63–36.62) to PP2015 38.3 mmHg (37.35–39.21)] than in those aged 7–12 years [PP1991 31.5 mmHg (31.09–31.88) to PP2015 33.7 mmHg (33.16–34.30)]. Similar results were found in MAP. Participants with high economic status, general obesity and central obesity, were more likely to have wider PP (βhigheconomicstatus = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.19–1.02; βgeneralobesity = 1.38, 0.87–1.89; βcentralobesity = 1.34, 0.70–1.97; all P-values < 0.001) and higher MAP (βhigheconomicstatus = 0.82, 0.38–1.26; βgeneralobesity = 2.88, 2.33–3.42; βcentralobesity = 3.14, 2.47–3.80; all P-values < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were positively correlated with PP (βBMI = 0.18, 0.13–0.24; βWC = 0.10, 0.08–0.12; both P-values < 0.001) and MAP (βBMI = 0.43, 0.37–0.49; βWC = 0.20, 0.18–0.22; both P-values < 0.001). In addition, rural setting and glucose level were positively associated with PP (both P < 0.05), while north region residency, uric acid, and total cholesterol were found to be positively associated with MAP (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

PP and MAP levels have been increasing dramatically in Chinese children and adolescents over the last two decades. Age, sex, economic status, geographic factors, anthropometric and cardiometabolic factor were positively associated with PP and MAP in pediatric population.
Comparative analysis of right ventricular metabolic reprogramming in pre-clinical rat models of severe pulmonary hypertension-induced right ventricular failure
Authors: Banerjee Somanshu , Hong Jason , Umar Soban
Published: September 2022

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) leads to right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and failure (RVF). The precise mechanisms of the metabolic basis of maladaptive PH-induced RVF (PH-RVF) are yet to be fully elucidated. Here we performed a comparative analysis of RV-metabolic reprogramming in MCT and Su/Hx rat models of severe PH-RVF using targeted metabolomics and multi-omics.

Methods

Male Sprague Dawley rats (250–300 gm; n = 15) were used. Rats received subcutaneous monocrotaline (60 mg/kg; MCT; n = 5) and followed for ~30-days or Sugen (20 mg/kg; Su/Hx; n = 5) followed by hypoxia (10% O2; 3-weeks) and normoxia (2-weeks). Controls received saline (Control; n = 5). Serial echocardiography was performed to assess cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. Terminal RV-catheterization was performed to assess PH. Targeted metabolomics was performed on RV tissue using UPLC-MS. RV multi-omics analysis was performed integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic datasets using Joint Pathway Analysis (JPA).

Results

MCT and Su/Hx rats developed severe PH, RV-hypertrophy and decompensated RVF. Targeted metabolomics of RV of MCT and Su/Hx rats detected 126 and 125 metabolites, respectively. There were 28 and 24 metabolites significantly altered in RV of MCT and Su/Hx rats, respectively, including 11 common metabolites. Common significantly upregulated metabolites included aspartate and GSH, whereas downregulated metabolites included phosphate, α-ketoglutarate, inositol, glutamine, 5-Oxoproline, hexose phosphate, creatine, pantothenic acid and acetylcarnitine. JPA highlighted common genes and metabolites from key pathways such as glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, etc.

Conclusions

Comparative analysis of metabolic reprogramming of RV from MCT and Su/Hx rats reveals common and distinct metabolic signatures which may serve as RV-specific novel therapeutic targets for PH-RVF.