bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protist communities along freshwater–marine transition zones in Hudson Bay (Canada)
Authors: Jacquemot Loïc , Kalenitchenko Dimitri , Matthes Lisa C. , Vigneron Adrien , Mundy Christopher J. , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Lovejoy Connie
Published: April 2021

One of the most striking ecological divides on Earth is between marine and nearby freshwater environments, as relatively few taxa can move between the two. Microbial eukaryotes contribute to biogeochemical and energy cycling in both fresh and marine waters, with little species overlap between the two ecosystems. Arctic and sub-Arctic marine systems are relatively fresh compared to tropical and temperate systems, but details of microbial eukaryote communities along river-to-sea transitions are poorly known. To bridge this knowledge gap, we investigated three river-to-sea transitions (Nelson, Churchill, and Great Whale Rivers) in sub-Arctic Hudson Bay through 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing to identify microbial eukaryotes along the salinity and biogeochemical gradients. Salinity acted as the principal dispersal barrier preventing freshwater microorganisms from colonizing marine coastal waters, with microbial eukaryote communities of the three rivers clustering together. Just offshore, communities clustered by coastal regions associated with nutrient concentrations. Analysis of indicator species revealed that communities in the nitrate-depleted coastal water off the Churchill and Great Whale Rivers were dominated by heterotrophic taxa and small photosynthetic protists. In contrast, the Nelson offshore community was characterized by a high proportion of the diatom Rhizosolenia. A distinct community of heterotrophic protists was identified in the three estuarine transition zones, suggesting specialized estuarine communities. Such specialization was most marked in the Nelson River system that was sampled more intensely and showed estuarine circulation. The autochthonous community was composed of the bacterial grazers Katablepharis, Mataza, and Cryothecomonas, as well as brackish species of the diatoms Skeletonema and Thalassiosira. These findings suggest that flow regulation on the Nelson River that modifies estuarine circulation would affect estuarine community composition and distribution in the transition zone.
Concentrations of nine endogenous steroid hormones in 70-year-old men and women
Authors: Penell Johanna Christina , Kushnir Mark M , Lind Lars , Bergquist Jonatan , Bergquist Jonas , Lind P Monica , Naessen Tord
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Circulating concentrations of endogenous steroids have systemic implications on health in elderly. However, population-based age- and ethnicity-specific data are scarce. The aim was to report sex-specific plasma concentrations of endogenous sex and adrenal steroids in elderly Swedish Caucasians, to examine the impact of BMI and to present concentrations in apparently healthy subjects.

Methods

A population-based observational study of 70-year olds, including 684 community-dwelling men and women enrolled in the PIVUS study, Sweden. Median plasma concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxy-progesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, DHEA, androstenedione, testosterone, estrone and estradiol.

Results

Plasma concentrations were significantly higher in men (n = 452) than in women (n = 232) for estradiol: median 61.3 pmol/L (95% CI, 11.4, 142.7) vs 18.4 (4.0, 127.3), for estrone: 92.8 (33.3, 206) vs 71.6 (17.8, 209) pmol/L, and for testosterone 13.8 (5.7, 28.0) vs 0.7 (0.2, 2.0) nmol/L. Higher concentrations of estrone and estradiol were observed in obese than non-obese women. Compared to non-obese men, obese men had lower concentrations of testosterone and its precursors: 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and DHEA. The subgroup of apparently healthy individuals had median values > 20% lower for estrone and estradiol in women but slightly higher for testosterone in both sexes.

Conclusions

Concentrations of estradiol, estrone and testosterone were higher in 70-year-old men than in women. BMI associated positively to estradiol and estrone in women and negatively to testosterone in men. Apparently healthy women had lower median concentrations of estradiol and estrone and men had higher median testosterone compared to all individuals.
TRAIL induces proliferation in rodent pancreatic beta cells via AKT activation
Authors: Kahraman Sevim , Yilmaz Ozlem , Altunbas Hasan Ali , Dirice Ercument , Sanlioglu Ahter Dilsad
Published: April 2021

Strategies to increase functional pancreatic beta cell mass is of great interest in diabetes-related research. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is well-known to promote proliferation and survival in various cell types, including vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Correlation between the protective nature of TRAIL on these cells and its proliferative effect is noteworthy. TRAIL’s seemingly protective/therapeutic effect in diabetes prompted us to question whether it may act as an inducer of proliferation in pancreatic beta cells. We used rat primary islet cells and MIN6 mouse beta cell line to investigate TRAIL-induced proliferation. Cell viability and/or death was analysed by MTT, WST-1, and annexin-V/PI assays, while proliferation rates and pathways were assessed via immunocytochemical and Western blot analyses. Receptor neutralization antibodies identified the mediator receptors. Recombinant soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) treatment led to 1.6-fold increased proliferation in insulin-positive cells in dispersed rat islets compared to the untreated group, while adenovirus-mediated overexpression of TRAIL increased the number of proliferating beta cells up to more than 6-fold. sTRAIL or adenoviral vector-mediated TRAIL overexpression induced proliferation in MIN6 cells also. TRAIL’s proliferative effect was mediated via AKT activation, which was suppressed upon specific inhibition. Neutralization of each TRAIL receptor reversed the proliferative effect to some degree, with the highest level of inhibition in death receptor 5 (DR5) blockage in MIN6 cells, and in decoy receptor 1 (DcR1) blockage in primary rat beta cells. Thus, TRAIL induces proliferation in rodent pancreatic beta cells through activation of the AKT pathway.
Role of ERβ in adipocyte metabolic response to wheel running following ovariectomy
Authors: Clart Laura M , Welly Rebecca J , Queathem Eric D , Rector R Scott , Padilla Jaume , Baines Christopher P , Kanaley Jill A , Lubahn Dennis B , Vieira-Potter Victoria J
Published: April 2021

Estrogen receptor β (ERb), one of the two major estrogen receptors, acts via genomic and non-genomic signaling pathways to affect many metabolic functions, including mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. This study assessed the effect of ERb classical genomic activity on adipocyte-specific and -systemic metabolic responses to wheel running exercise in a rodent model of menopause. Female mice lacking the ERb DNA-binding domain (ERbDBDKO, n = 20) and WT (n = 21) littermate controls were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), ovariectomized (OVX), and randomized to control (no running wheel) and exercise (running wheel access) groups and were followed for 8 weeks. Wheel running did not confer protection against metabolic dysfunction associated with HFD+OVX in either ERbDBDKO or WT mice, despite increased energy expenditure. Unexpectedly, in the ERbDBDKO group, wheel running increased fasting insulin and surrogate measures of insulin resistance, and modestly increased adipose tissue inflammatory gene expression (P ≤ 0.05). These changes were not accompanied by significant changes in adipocyte mitochondrial respiration. It was demonstrated for the first time that female WT OVX mice do experience exercise-induced browning of white adipose tissue, indicated by a robust increase in uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) (P ≤ 0.05). However, KO mice were completely resistant to this effect, indicating that full ERb genomic activity is required for exercise-induced browning. The inability to upregulate UCP1 with exercise following OVX may have resulted in the increased insulin resistance observed in KO mice, a hypothesis requiring further investigation.
Two mouse lines selected for large litter size display different lifetime fecundities
Authors: Langhammer Martina , Wytrwat Erika , Michaelis Marten , Schön Jennifer , Tuchscherer Armin , Reinsch Norbert , Weitzel Joachim M
Published: April 2021

We recently described two outbred mouse lines that were selected for large litter size at first delivery. However, lifetime fecundity appears to be economically more important for the husbandry of many polytocous species for which mouse lines might serve as bona fide animal models (e.g. for pigs). In the present study, we compared the lifetime fecundities of two highly fertile mouse lines (FL1 and FL2: >20 offspring/litter at first delivery) with those of an unselected control line (ctrl) and two lines that were selected for high body weight (DU6) and high protein mass (DU6P) without selection pressure on fertility. We tested the hypothesis that selection for large litter size at first parturition would also increase lifetime fecundity in mice, and we observed very large differences between lines. Whereas FL1 and ctrl delivered up to nine and ten litters, none of the DU6 and DU6P females gave birth to more than five litters. In line with this observation, FL1 delivered the most pups per lifetime (85.7/female). FL2 females produced the largest average litter sizes (20.4 pups/litter) in the first four litters; however, they displayed a reduced number of litters. With the exception of ctrl, litter sizes declined from litter to litter. Repeated delivery of litters with high offspring numbers did not affect the general health of FL females. The presented data demonstrate that two biodiverse, highly fertile mouse lines selected for large litter size at first delivery show different lifetime reproductive fitness levels. Thus, these mouse lines might serve as valuable mouse models for investigating lifetime productivity and longevity in farm animals.
The electromagnetic radiations and its impacts on bird diversity in India
Authors: K Dhami Kirandeep
Published: April 2021

Cellular phones are essential to our lives and so are the cellular phone base stations. They are not simply free standing towers but a balloon of invisible electromagnetic field with radiations that continue to threaten life around them, specifically of the birds. This article explores the various published scientific studies of the effects that electromagnetic radiations produce on various bird species in India. Relevant information was collected from different peer reviewed publications on how the electromagnetic radiations have been impacting the bird species. Research results from the available studies are presented and discussed. The limited number of observations and studies endorse the negative impacts the electromagnetic radiations carry for the various bird species in the country. Overall, there is a decline in the diversity of the bird species. Therefore, it becomes important to pay considerable attention to the observed patterns and opt for a sustainable development approach for the protection of bird species
Prognostic Models Predicting Mortality in Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: van Beek Pauline E. , Andriessen Peter , Onland Wes , Schuit Ewoud
Published: April 2021

CONTEXT

Prediction models can be a valuable tool in performing risk assessment of mortality in preterm infants.

OBJECTIVE

Summarizing prognostic models for predicting mortality in very preterm infants and assessing their quality.

DATA SOURCES

Medline was searched for all articles (up to June 2020).

STUDY SELECTION

All developed or externally validated prognostic models for mortality prediction in liveborn infants born <32 weeks’ gestation and/or <1500 g birth weight were included.

DATA EXTRACTION

Data were extracted by 2 independent authors. Risk of bias (ROB) and applicability assessment was performed by 2 independent authors using Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool.

RESULTS

One hundred forty-four models from 36 studies reporting on model development and 118 models from 34 studies reporting on external validation were included. ROB assessment revealed high ROB in the majority of the models, most often because of inadequate (reporting of) analysis. Internal and external validation was lacking in 42% and 94% of these models. Meta-analyses revealed an average C-statistic of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–0.91) for the Clinical Risk Index for Babies score, 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81–0.92) for the Clinical Risk Index for Babies II score, 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78–0.92) for the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension II score and 0.71 (95% CI 0.61–0.79) for the NICHD model.

LIMITATIONS

Occasionally, an external validation study was included, but not the development study, because studies developed in the presurfactant era or general NICU population were excluded.

CONCLUSIONS

Instead of developing additional mortality prediction models for preterm infants, the emphasis should be shifted toward external validation and consecutive adaption of the existing prediction models.
Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities
Authors: Legano Lori A. , Desch Larry W. , Messner Stephen A. , Idzerda Sheila , Flaherty Emalee G. ,   COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT,   COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, Haney Suzanne Breen , Sirotnak Andrew P. , Gavril Amy R. , Girardet Rebecca Greenlee , Hoffert Gilmartin Amanda Bird , Laskey Antoinette , Mohr Bethany Anne , Nienow Shalon Marie , Rosado Norell , Kuo Dennis Z. , Apkon Susan , Davidson Lynn F. , Ellerbeck Kathryn A. , Foster Jessica E. A. , Hyman Susan L. , Noritz Garey H. , O’Connor Leppert Mary , Saunders Barbara , Stille Christopher , Yin Larry
Published: April 2021

Over the past decade, there have been widespread efforts to raise awareness about maltreatment of children. Pediatric providers have received education about factors that make a child more vulnerable to being abused and neglected. The purpose of this clinical report is to ensure that children with disabilities are recognized as a population at increased risk for maltreatment. This report updates the 2007 American Academy of Pediatrics clinical report “Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities.” Since 2007, new information has expanded our understanding of the incidence of abuse in this vulnerable population. There is now information about which children with disabilities are at greatest risk for maltreatment because not all disabling conditions confer the same risks of abuse or neglect. This updated report will serve as a resource for pediatricians and others who care for children with disabilities and offers guidance on risks for subpopulations of children with disabilities who are at particularly high risk of abuse and neglect. The report will also discuss ways in which the medical home can aid in early identification and intervene when abuse and neglect are suspected. It will also describe community resources and preventive strategies that may reduce the risk of abuse and neglect.
Дмитрий Мушкетов: вклад в международное сотрудничество в области геологических наук
Authors: Оноприенко В. , Иванов И. , Второв И.
Published: April 2021

В статье речь идет о научной и организационной работе выдающегося геолога Дмитрия Ивановича Мушкетова (1882–1938), сына геолога и географа, замечательного путешественника Ивана Васильевича Мушкетова (1850–1902). Работа Д.И. Мушкетова была тесно связана со многими научными организациями Санкт-Петербурга-Ленинграда (Горный институт, Геологический комитет, Институт прикладной геофизики, Сейсмологический и Геологический институты АН СССР и др.). В годы великих социальных потрясений ему удалось раскрыть свои таланты и профессиональную подготовленность как тектонисту, сейсмологу, геофизику, организатору науки, директору Горного института, председателю Геологического комитета первой трети ХХ века. Фактически продолжив труды отца на основе новых методов, он стал одним из основоположников систематического изучения и геологического картографирования Средней Азии. В 1928 г. он организовал проведение 3-го Всесоюзного геологического съезда в Ташкенте, который посетило много зарубежных специалистов. Сделан акцент на последовательной деятельности Д. И. Мушкетова по расширению международного сотрудничества в области геологических наук. После большого перерыва, мировой войны и революций в Европе он активно участвовал в сессиях Международного геологического конгресса в Бельгии, Испании, ЮАР и его деятельность способствовала достижению столь актуального консенсуса для международных проектов и исследований. Он добился проведения сессии Международного геологического конгресса в Москве в 1937 г. Эффективность его усилий конструктивно проявилась при создании (1928–1931) Ассоциации по изучению четвертичного периода Европы (современный Международный союз по изучению четвертичного периода, INQUA). Его жизнь трагически оборвалась в период большого террора в СССР.
National Projects of Russia: Digest of Changes Expected from 2021
Authors: Mitrofanova Inna , Yurchenko Karine
Published: April 2021

In May 2018, the President of the Russian Federation disclosed national development goals of Russia, for the achievement of which a set of measures and tools was proposed, the central place in which was occupied by national projects. The events of 2020, primarily related to the pandemic of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 and the elimination of the negative socio-economic consequences of its spread, have become a serious test for the country. The termination or restriction of the work of numerous enterprises and organizations and even entire industries, the introduction of the mandatory self-isolation regime for citizens, the fall in oil prices, economic recession due to the decrease in both demand and supply are only part of the problems that required a prompt solution. The reallocation of resources and the allocation of additional funds to mobilize the health care system to ensure its readiness, to implement a package of anti-crisis measures in order to support business and the population have led to the need to revise previous plans. The article provides an overview of the most significant changes in updating national development goals, strategic documents, developing (adjusting) sets of measures, tools and measures aimed at achieving them, made in 2020 and expected to be implemented in 2021. The authors substantively examined from the standpoint of conceptual changes the provisions of the new Presidential Decree on national development goals, the modified unified plan for their achievement, modernized passports of national and federal projects that are part of them, many of which underwent serious structural changes to strengthen the specification of the impact area.
Ecosystem Model of Medical and Recreational Development of the Republic of Crimea
Authors: Simchenko Nataliia , Yanovskaya Anna , Tsohla Svetlana
Published: April 2021

The spread of the new coronavirus infection radically changes the quality of life that defines the need for the formation of the medical and recreational vector of development of the Republic of Crimea and the development of new goals and targets of digital development of territories in conditions of extreme demand fluctuations on the market of recreational services in the Crimea. The authors propose the interpretation of the term “ecosystem”. The authors also give the justification of the concept “ecosystem model of medical and recreational development”. The novelty of the scientific research is the ecosystem model of medical and recreational development based on the element of health management with the function of a closed recreational service “diagnosis – treatment – rehabilitation”. When developing the ecosystem model, the team of authors used the methodology of the platform approach as an innovative business model based on the digital form of organizing interaction between industry providers of the medical and recreational sphere and their consumers, the main goal of which is to minimize transaction costs of all parties involved. The proposed ecosystem model is based on the creation of an effective structure of the health and rehabilitation system with the optimization of the interaction of its elements, which include all types and forms of medical and recreational organizations, including the health management clinic based on the closed recreational service “diagnosis – treatment – rehabilitation”. The ecosystem model will allow accumulating and aggregating data on the interaction of participants in the medical and recreational sphere.
Resumen en extenso:Nutrigenómica de larvas de pescado blanco de Pátzcuaro (chirostoma estor) alimentadas con rotífero y microdieta
Authors: Coloquio de Nutrigenómica y Biotecnología Acuícola CONYBA
Published: April 2021

Memorias del 3er Coloquio de Nutrigenómica y Biotecnología Acuícola 2020 (CONYBA)
Anthroponymy and Toponymy in Memorial Epigraphy of Podlasie
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the RAS, Belova Olga V. , Yasinskaya Maria V. ,   Institute of Slavic Studies of the RAS
Published: April 2021

The paper presents an analysis of personal and place names on the tombstones of necropolises surveyed during a three-year fieldwork in Podlasie province (Hajnówka region), the area of high concentration of Orthodox East Slavic population. Apart from reflecting local dialect features specific to the East Slavic language situation on the Polish-East Slavic borderland, these epigraphic inscriptions made in Cyrillic are also a confessional marker that is highly relevant to the regional Orthodox population’s self-identification. Tombstone inscriptions evidence to the overlapping of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Russian (Church Slavonic), and Polish language contexts. Graphics (Cyrillic) and spelling features of different types of tombstone onyms not only give a picture of ethno-confessional and ethno-linguistic contacts, but also reflect live pronunciation captured in writing. Regarding personal name as a core component of the epitaph and analyzing specific examples, the authors address the following questions: 1) what do graphics and spelling convey in each particular case — the sound form of a name or toponym, writing traditions, focus on a particular spelling norm? 2) what is the reason for the variability in the spelling of the same name, surname, toponym? 3) can we trace the general trends in personal and place names rendering in the local tradition under study? 4) what effect does the Polish (state) language have in the texts that do not aim to comply with Belarusian, Ukrainian or Russian literary spelling norm? In the epigraphy of the studied region, there is a clear preference for using different spelling systems (not necessarily consistent), as reflected in the use of the letters и, ы, i in different combinations. Hence, the Polish spelling sometimes affects the Cyrillic transliteration of some names and surnames.
Etymological Notes about Balto-Slavic Hydronymy of the Historical Lands of Novgorod and Pskov (Vselug, Dolostso)
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Vasilyev Valery L.
Published: April 2021

The author focuses on hydronyms of the Balto-Slavic type, or the names of water bodies that include lexical and structural components prominent in both Baltic and Slavic languages. The article presents two onomastic sketches containing a historical and etymological analysis of some lake names in the historical lands of Novgorod and Pskov republics. The first study gives an etymological interpretation of the name Vselug that refers to a large lake in the headwaters of the Volga to the west of Seliger. It is substantiated that the hydronym is a baltism with a compound base *Vis(i)-lank-, lit. ‘with all bends’ (characteristic of a lake with meandering shoreline) that naturally transformed into *Vьselukъ on the Slavic linguistic soil. The second sketch focuses on the lake names on Dolos-/Dolys-. Like Vselug, they do not have full structural matches in the appellative vocabulary, but unlike the isolated Vselug, they make up a large, distinctively compact and dense group. The paper provides exhaustive geographical, historical, and microsystem-toponymic information about the names constituting this group of hydronyms. Etymologically, the author assumes the development of the Dolos-/Dolys- stem from the Baltic *Dаlbs-, a deverbative formed with the suffix -s that resulted in Lithuanian del̃bti in the meaning of ‘cut obliquely, hewn, beat, strike’ and in proto-Slavic *delbti ‘gouge, pick.’ The base is interpreted as a dialectal neologism of the ancient Balts living in the sources of the Volga, the upper reaches of the Msta, Western Dvina, and Velikaya rivers. This archaic structure dates back to the early centuries AD or even earlier, the 1st millennium BC. Its very existence attests to a centuries-long presence of the Baltic linguo-ethnic element in the southwestern part of the historical lands of Novgorod and Pskov.
Buildings’ Names in the Bulgarian City of Ruse
Authors:   Kazimierz Wielki University, Tomasik Piotr , Goryaev Sergey O. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: April 2021

Giving names to individual buildings (known as oikodomonyms) is a common onomastic feature of many European cities. However, this largely applies to unique buildings, historical and architectural monuments, or luxury housing rather than regular buildings. There is also a recent trend of commercial naming that comes from developers as part of their marketing strategy. This article dwells on the names of residential apartment buildings in Ruse, the largest Bulgarian city on the Danube River, which are mostly qualified as standard housing type. This naming case is interesting by its scale: more than two-thirds of the apartment buildings in the city have their own official names recorded in administrative documents. Residents refer to them for more exact orientations, for example, when calling emergency services, and the media use them to specify the location of events taking place. Thus, the names of apartment buildings in Ruse are well-familiar to the townspeople and are actively used by the urban community. The paper examines the entirety of these names in terms of their motivation, particularly, the commemorative, “geographical,” and conditionally symbolic appellations. The first group perpetuates the names of renowned figures of local, national, or global significance. The second consists of names referring to geographical (and often symbolic) locations, key to the Bulgarian culture. The names of the third group are motivated by designations of realities, concepts, and images having deep cultural relevance — evoking positive emotions and conveying the spirit of the 1970s.
Collective Work and Recreation in the Mirror of Russian Folk Chrononymy
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Morgunova Olga V. ,   Ural State Medical University
Published: April 2021

The article examines peasant traditions of collective labor and celebration through the prism of Russian folk chrononymy. To define the idea of collectivity in the Russian folk calendar, the author turns to the semantic and motivational analysis of names denoting time periods or calendar events. The choice of material is explained by the fact that chrononyms tend to retain the features of events most important for the peasant in their internal form. Generally, these references to folk traditions are represented indirectly. Collective labor practices can associate with the beginning or completion of agricultural work such as harvesting and sowing (Finogeevy zazhinki, Zasevki) or reference to labor conditions (Zarevnitsa). The tradition of joint celebration is revoked through collective preparation of a dish and a joint meal (Ilya-Baraniy Rog), holding fairs (Rybnyi bazar, Svistoplyaska), village fun and games involving each member of the community (Maslenitsa-Gulyanitsa, Igrovoye voskresen’ye, Shulikinskiye vechera). An indirect way of representing the traditions under consideration is the gender marking of the event (Babiy senokos, Babiy prazdnik). Unlike the idea of collective labor, the tradition of joint celebration can be expressed directly with a focus on the event’s scale (Vsemirnyy prazdnik, Vseobshchiy Spas). The author emphasizes that the traditions of collective work and rest marked by chrononymy are interconnected in the national calendar and form a cycle of labor and holiday periods. The study attempts to identify social values behind the considered traditions. Thus, both traditions aim at social cohesion, imply mutual assistance and respect, as well as serve as a means of self-expression. The paper highlights the relevance of chrononym vocabulary and context studies as these reveal the motivation of time period names and explain the referenced event.
Some Considerations on Russian Patronymics
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ruth Maria E.
Published: April 2021

These notes were inspired by a recent article by Boris Norman and Natalja Rajnochová on the role of patronymics in the Russian naming tradition and culture (Voprosy onomastiki, 2020, Vol. 17, Iss. 2). Without disputing its provisions in any way, the author attempts to take a closer look into the present tendency to omit patronymics or even abhor their use. Recognizing this as a growing trend in the Russian culture, the author reflects upon its causes, foremost of which is the general aversion for all the formal manifestations of the Soviet system. Since the use of patronymics (in the official formula) became mandatory exactly after 1917, it is commonly perceived as a Soviet relic. The second reason is the adoption of Western naming practices not requiring the use of a father’s name — due to Russia’s greater involvement in the international communication, extensive overseas travelling, and fluency in foreign languages, primarily English. The issue of the required use of patronymic in official documents is particularly acute when children from mixed families obtain Russian citizenship. Other factors for doing away with patronymics include Russian media language, as in most news programs and talk shows it is carefully avoided, and the increase in the number of single-parent families (no father) where the need to register a patronymic entails complex formal and ethical problems. Yet, however pertinent these problems are in the modern society, the author considers them relatively marginal and argues the relevance of patronymics for modern Russian culture and the naming practice. The author supports this view by giving evidence from Internet forums, as well as the author’s personal experience.
Sacred and Profane in Onomastics. Review of the book: Onomastics between Sacred and Profane / ed. by O. Felecan. Wilmington, Del. : Vernon Press, 2019. 412 + xxvi p.
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Tsepkova Anna V.
Published: April 2021

The article reviews the volume Onomastics between Sacred and Profane (ed. by O. Felecan, 2019), highlighting its contribution to the field of onomastic research as well as to multidisciplinary spheres of knowledge dealing with the concepts of the sacred and the profane. The review follows the structural principles of the volume, summarizing the main findings presented in 26 chapters within five thematic sections: onomastic theory and divine names; toponymy; anthroponymy; ergonymy; literary onomastics and wordplay. In relation to sacredness, the essays cover such issues as genuinely sacred names (divine names) and secular names with motivational and functional exponents of sacredness. Most articles dealing with the concept of the profane, either explicitly or implicitly, confirm the modern tendencies of secularization/desacralization of the sacred and (pseudo-)sacralization of the secular, particularly in Western cultures or cultures, affected by westernization. These tendencies become evident in a number of onomastic practices as exponents of socio-cultural interaction (breaking onomastic taboos, renaming due to ideological reasons, naming secular things after sacred objects for manipulating purposes, etc.). The review is concluded with recommendatory remarks to continue this project and extend its representativeness by drawing data from other geographic regions and national cultures.
Aerodynamic Performance Investigation under the Influence of Heavy Rain of a NACA 0012 Airfoil for Wind Turbine Applications
Authors: Douvi Eleni C. , Margaris Dionissios P.
Published: April 2021

The study of the prediction of the flow field and aerodynamic characteristics of a NACA0012 airfoil in simulated heavy rain, using a computational fluid dynamics code is presented. The simulation of rain is accomplished by using the two-phase flow Discrete Phase Model, which is available in the CFD code. Spherical particles are tracked through the two-dimensional, incompressible air flow field over a NACA0012 airfoil, at a simulated rain rate of 1000 mm/h and operating at Reynolds numbers Re=1×106 and Re=3×106. To validate the CFD developed model, the results are compared with well-established and published experimental data, showing good agreement. The aim of the work was to show the behavior of the airfoil at these conditions and to establish a verified solution method. Lift and drag coefficients are computed at various angles of attack in both dry and wet conditions and the results are compared to show the effects of rain at airfoil performance. The impact of rain on wind turbine performance is also analyzed. It is concluded that rain causes degradation of aerodynamic performance, especially lift is decreased and drag is increased.
Conocimiento libre en tiempos de pandemia. Estudio de los artículos “Covid-19” y “Pandemia por Covid-19” en Wikipedia*
Authors: Deltell Luis , Claes Florencia
Published: April 2021

Esta investigación estudia los artículos de “Covid-19” y de “Pandemia por Covid-19” en cuatro versiones lingüísticas de Wikipedia (inglés, español, italiano y portugués). El período de estudio comienza con la denominación oficial de la enfermedad como Covid-19, el 11 de febrero de 2020, por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y desde la proclamación por dicha institución de la pandemia causada por esta enfermedad, el 11 de marzo de 2020. En ambos casos se estudia hasta el 11 de abril de 2020. La investigación aborda el modo de creación y de lectura de dichos artículos, analizando si se trata de trabajos construidos desde referencias científicas y sanitarias o prensa generalista. Este proyecto muestra cómo los wikipedistas han reaccionado rápidamente y han generado un gran trabajo colaborativo, con artículos argumentados y construidos desde una perspectiva científica y sanitaria.
The load-bearing behaviour of a reinforced concrete beam investigated by optical measuring techniques
Authors: Hüsken Götz , Pirskawetz Stephan , Hofmann Detlef , Basedau Frank , Gründer Klaus-Peter , Kadoke Daniel
Published: April 2021

Bending beams and slabs are typical examples for structural elements used for reinforced concrete structures such as bridge girders, T-beams and bridge decks. Their strength related failure modes at maximum loading can be divided into bending and shear failure. The failure of beams loaded in bending can occur with or without indication. Therefore, conventional design concepts aim on failure modes with sufficient indication (e.g. large deflections or cracks), as it occurs in the case of secondary flexural compression failure. These indicating factors can also be used for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure systems (e.g. bridges) to identify structural changes. In this context, non-destructive testing (NDT) methods offer different techniques for measuring deflections or crack formation and opening. However, profound knowledge on the determining failure modes of bending beams and their detection by NDT methods is required for the reliable application of SHM. Different NDT methods have been used in this study for analysing the load-bearing behaviour of a reinforced concrete beam in bending. The different measuring techniques are briefly described and their applicability is discussed by means of experimental results. For this purpose, the load-bearing behaviour of a reinforced concrete beam having a span of 2.75 m was investigated in a four-point bending flexural test at laboratory scale. The focus is on the characterization of determining failure modes by optical NDT and the comparison with classical measuring techniques (e.g. deformation measurements by displacement transducers). The bending beam was equipped with two single-mode (SM) sensor fibres. One fibre served as Distributed Optical Fibre Sensor (DOFS), whereas the other fibre contained Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. In addition, optical deformation measurements using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Stereophotogrammetry (SP) were conducted.
Hispanic Acculturation: Associations with Family Planning Behaviors and Attitudes
Authors: Chamberlain Rachel , Fatehi Mary , Fogel Joshua , Kulyn Jacob
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of Hispanic acculturation in the United States (US) with family planning behaviors and attitudes.
METHODS. Surveys of 225 Hispanic women were collected that used acculturation measures of number of years lived in US and the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (SASH) along with questions about family planning behaviors including birth control use, sterilization, and abortion.
RESULTS. SASH-Language statistically differed (p=0.03) where those with ‘yes birth control’ had significantly lower English acculturation (M=6.10, SD=1.77) than those with ‘no birth control’ (M=7.00, SD=3.16). Greater US acculturation on SASH-Ethnic Social Relations was positively associated with the attitude that finances are important when considering to have children (r=0.18, p<0.05). Number of years lived in the US was positively associated with the attitude that it is a woman’s personal choice to have an elective termination of pregnancy (r=0.19, p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS. Healthcare providers should consider patient acculturation level when discussing family planning topics. It is possible that a more detailed explanation concerning the reasons for family planning is necessary when discussing family planning topics with Hispanic patients who exhibit higher levels of English language acculturation.
Tracheal agenesis: a rare congenital disorder
Authors:   Fellow in Neonatology, Department of Neonatal Intensive care unit, Ankura hospital for women and children, Boduppal, Hyderabad, India, Rao Dr. Ravali Gundapuneni , Rama Dr. Balaji Susarla Venkata ,   Consultant Neonatologist, Department of Neonatal Intensive care unit, Ankura hospital for women and children, Boduppal, Hyderabad, India, Gattu Dr. Harshitha ,   Consultant Neonatologist, Department of Neonatal Intensive care unit, Ankura hospital for women and children, Boduppal, Hyderabad, India, Paripati Dr. Alekya ,   Junior Medical Officer, Department of Neonatal Intensive care unit, Ankura hospital for women and children, Boduppal, Hyderabad, India
Published: April 2021

Tracheal agenesis is a severe congenital disorder with often an emergency presentation. There is acomplete or partial absence of the trachea below the larynx, with the presence or absence of atracheoesophageal fistula. It is a rare differential diagnosis of postnatal respiratory distress and theobstetrician or neonatologist will regularly be surprised by this malformation. The etiology ofTracheal atresia is unknown, therapeutic options are limited thus making this condition a usuallyfatal disorder. In most cases, congenital anomalies of the heart, digestive tract or GUT are present.The main signs are respiratory distress and cyanosis, inability to vocalize and impossible trachealintubation. Isolated tracheal agenesis without any malformation is very rare. Here we report a caseof a preterm neonate born at 33 weeks gestation with tracheal agenesis with no other associatedmalformation. In most cases, the seldom deformation, tracheal agenesis does not get recognizedbefore the child is born.
Caddisflies (Trichoptera, Insecta)as Bioindicator of Water Quality Assessment in a Small Stream in Northern Thailand
Authors: P. THAMSENANUPAP , K. SEETAPAN , T. PROMMI
Published: April 2021

The influence of environmental variables and the potential as bioindicators of larval stages of the species of Trichoptera were evaluated in a small stream in northern Thailand from January to November 2017. A total of 1,191 individual caddisfly larvae belonging to 7 families and 13 genus were found. The larvae of the family Glossosomatidae were the most abundant, followed by Hydropsychidae and Calamoceratidae. The genus Glossosoma, Hydromanicusand Hydropsyche were the most abundant genus in this study. Results of the CCA ordination showed that total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and water temperature were the most important factors affecting the abundance and diversity of caddisfly larvae. Changes in the caddisfly larvae may indicate changes in physicochemical factors owing to urbanization or other anthropogenic. The results showed that the order Trichoptera, identified to the species or genus level, can potentially be used to assess environmental water quality status in freshwater ecosystems. This study suggested that species richness of aquatic insects may indicate the conservation value of the habitats because of their significant responses to environmental factors.
Health Beneficial Properties of Spirulina in Preventing Non-Communicable Diseases - The Green Metabolic Regulator from the Sea
Authors: EKEUKU SOPHIA OGECHI , SOELAIMAN IMA-NIRWANA , CHIN KOK-YONG
Published: April 2021

Sains Malaysiana 50(3)(2021): 803-819http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5003-21Health Beneficial Properties of Spirulina in Preventing Non-Communicable Diseases - The Green Metabolic Regulator from the Sea(Manfaat Kesihatan Spirulina dalam Mencegah Penyakit Tidak Berjangkit - Pengatur Metabolik Hijau dari Laut)SOPHIA OGECHI EKEUKU, IMA-NIRWANA SOELAIMAN, KOK-YONG CHIN*ABSTRACTSpirulina is a type of cyanobacteria containing various micro- and macronutrients and has been used as a functional food. Due to its nutritional components, spirulina possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can potentially prevent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) triggered by inflammation and oxidative stress. This review aims to provide an overview of the effects of spirulina supplementation on NCDs derived from cellular, animals, and human studies. The current literature generally showed that spirulina could protect against NCDs, such as metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, gastric ulcer, hepatic, renal, and neurological disorders. These beneficial effects were mediated through the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of spirulina and seem to be dependent on dose and duration of treatment. Despite the abundance of preclinical studies, human clinical trials validating the effects of spirulina on NCDs are lacking. These preclinical findings warrant a proper clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of spirulina supplementation in protecting human against NCDs.
Hyperspectral response of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) plants inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali for vascular wilt detection
Authors: Giraldo-Betancourt Cristhian , Velandia-Sánchez Edisson Andrés , Fischer Gerhard , Gómez-Caro Sandra , Martínez Luís Joel
Published: April 2021

This study used greenhouse conditions to determine the hyperspectral responses of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) plants inoculated with different Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali densities because the causal agent of vascular wilt generates great economic losses for farmers. A completely randomized design with four replicates was established. The evaluated treatments were inoculum densities 0.0, 1.0·103 and 1.0·106 conidia/mL of the pathogen. The inoculation was done with immersion of roots in conidia suspensions. The spectral response was directly measured on the plant leaves with a spectroradiometer. Non-invasive detection in the P. peruviana - F. oxysporum pathosystem with reflectance values was used with different spectral indices related to the visible and Red Edge, which were calculated and correlated with the disease variables. The treatments showed significant differences in the visible spectrum starting 14 days after inoculation with higher reflectance values. The chlorophyll index at the red edge (ChRE), the modified chlorophyll absorption index (MCARI), the simple ratio index (SR) and the Zarco & Miller index (ZM) showed highly significant correlations with the area under the disease progress curve for leaves (AUDPCL), leaf area and fresh weight of the aerial part of the plants. This study showed the potential of spectral patterns for the detection and study of Fusarium wilt in P. peruviana.
Evaluation of N-P-K-Ca-Mg dynamics in plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) var. Horvin under nursery conditions
Authors: Orduz-Ríos Francisco , Suárez-Parra Karen Victoria , Serrano-Cely Pablo Antonio , Serrano-Agudelo Pablo Cesar , Forero-Pineda Nicolás
Published: April 2021

Temperate fruit trees are a vital part of the economy of the Cundiboyacense highlands in Colombia. The nursery stage is important because it guarantees development at the final grow site. Little is known about the fertilization processes and nutritional dynamics of deciduous fruit trees in the early stages. This research aimed to evaluate the dynamics of N-P-K-Ca and Mg, along with SPAD units, in grafted plum (Prunus salicina) var. Horvin plants under the conditions of tropical highlands, which were evaluated at different growth points (cm), from grafting to transplant. The foliar N concentrations were the highest, followed by the K, P and Mg concentrations. Macronutrient concentrations in the first-stage of grafted nursery plants require nutritional balance for vegetative development and successful establishment at the definitive grow site.
Allium cepa L. responses when Gaeolaelaps aculeifer Canestrini and Parasitus bituberosus Karg are used to control Thrips tabaci Lindeman
Authors: Castro-López Mayerly Alejandra , Martínez-Osorio John Wilson
Published: April 2021

Thrips tabaci Lindemann is the main insect pest of Allium cepa L., causing both direct and indirect damage to crops. T. tabaci is controlled by applying chemically synthesized products; however, this insect has already developed resistance to organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids. This study evaluated the effect of soil predatory mites (Gaeolaelaps aculeifer Canestrini and Parasitus bituberosus Karg) on the population density of T. tabaci in potted bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) plants and on the response of physiological variables related to photosynthesis and plant development. Seven treatments were evaluated that released 50, 75 or 100 G. aculeifer or P. bituberosus adults, along with a control without predatory mites. Significant differences (P≤0.05) in the population density of T. tabaci were observed for 13 weeks, with a 78% reduction of individuals in the presence of G. aculeifer and a 72% reduction with P. bituberosus, regardless of mite density, as compared to the control. In addition, the relative chlorophyll index, foliar area, dry leaf weight and fresh bulb weight increased, as compared to the control. The application of 100 individuals of the two species recorded the highest values in the evaluated variables. These results indicate that G. aculeifer and P. bituberosus controls should be explored as an option for integrated T. tabaci management.