bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One Health in hospitals: how understanding the dynamics of people, animals, and the hospital built-environment can be used to better inform interventions for antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive infections
Authors: Dalton Kathryn R. , Rock Clare , Carroll Karen C. , Davis Meghan F.
Published: June 2020

Despite improvements in hospital infection prevention and control, healthcare associated infections (HAIs) remain a challenge with significant patient morbidity, mortality, and cost for the healthcare system. In this review, we use a One Health framework (human, animal, and environmental health) to explain the epidemiology, demonstrate key knowledge gaps in infection prevention policy, and explore improvements to control Gram-positive pathogens in the healthcare environment. We discuss patient and healthcare worker interactions with the hospital environment that can lead to transmission of the most common Gram-positive hospital pathogens – methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus – and detail interventions that target these two One Health domains. We discuss the role of animals in the healthcare settings, knowledge gaps regarding their role in pathogen transmission, and the absence of infection risk mitigation strategies targeting animals. We advocate for novel infection prevention and control programs, founded on the pillars of One Health, to reduce Gram-positive hospital-associated pathogen transmission.
Shock wave lithotripsy, for the treatment of kidney stones, results in changes to routine blood tests and novel biomarkers: a prospective clinical pilot-study
Authors: Hughes Stephen F. , Jones Nathan , Thomas-Wright Samantha J. , Banwell Joseph , Moyes Alyson J. , Shergill Iqbal
Published: June 2020

Background

The number of patients undergoing shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for kidney stones is increasing annually, and as such the development of post-operative complications, such as haematuria and acute kidney injury (AKI) following SWL, is likely to increase. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in routine blood and novel biomarkers following SWL, for the treatment of kidney stones.

Methods

Twelve patients undergoing SWL for solitary unilateral kidney stones were recruited. From patients (8 males and 4 females) aged between 31 and 72 years (median 43 years), venous blood samples were collected pre-operatively (baseline), at 30, 120 and 240 min post-operatively. Routine blood tests were performed using a Sysmex XE-5000, and Beckman Coulter AU5800 and AU680 analysers. NGAL, IL-18, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-8 concentrations were determined using commercially available ELISA kits.

Results

Significant (p ≤ 0.05) changes were observed in several blood parameters following SWL. NGAL concentration significantly increased, with values peaking at 30 min post-treatment (p = 0.033). Although IL-18 concentration increased, these changes were not significant (p = 0.116). IL-6 revealed a statistically significant rise from pre-operative up to 4 h post-operatively (p < 0.001), whilst TNF-α significantly increased, peaking at 30 min post-SWL (p = 0.05). There were no significant changes to IL-10 and IL-8 concentrations post-SWL (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Changes to routine blood tests and specific biomarkers, in the future, may be more useful for clinicians. In turn, identification of a panel of biomarkers could provide valuable data on “normal” physiological response after lithotripsy. Ultimately, studies could be expanded to identify or predict those patients at increased risk of developing post-operative complications, such as acute kidney injury or. These studies, however, need validating involving larger cohorts.
An unusual cause of infant's stridor – congenital laryngocele
Authors: Ambrus Andrea , Sztanó Balázs , Szabó Miklós , Vasas Béla , Sziller István , Rovó László
Published: June 2020

Congenital laryngocele is an uncommon cause of neonatal stridor. There are only a few cases reported in the literature. The authors present a successfully treated case of an infant, whose life could only be saved by urgent tracheostomy. On the 5th postoperative day endoscopic excision and marsupialization provided patent airway. The patient could be decannulated. During follow-up no recurrence was observed.
A head-to-head comparison between two commercial software packages for hybrid dosimetry after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy
Authors: Huizing Daphne M. V. , Peters Steffie M. B. , Versleijen Michelle W. J. , Martens Esther , Verheij Marcel , Sinaasappel Michiel , Stokkel Marcel P. M. , de Wit-van der Veen Berlinda J.
Published: June 2020

Background

Dosimetry after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is increasing; however, comparing or pooling of dosimetric results can be challenging since different approaches are used. The aim of this study was to perform a head-to-head comparison of post-PRRT curve fitting and dosimetry obtained from two commercial software Hybrid Viewer Dosimetry and PLANET Dose.

Methods

Post-therapy imaging included planar scintigraphy at 0.5, 4, 24 and 72 h post-injection of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE for kinetics and SPECT/CT at 24 h for quantification. On planar imaging, 2 cm regions-of-interest were positioned within the inferior pole of the kidneys and kidney cortex was segmented on low-dose CT. On both planar and SPECT/CT, 2 cm spheres were positioned in the proximal humerus (red marrow equivalent) and in the region with the highest uptake in tumour lesions. TACs were estimated with mono- and bi-exponential fits in both software systems, after which tissue absorbed (kidney, red marrow, tumour) and biological effective doses (kidney) were calculated. Agreement-ICC, Spearman correlation and Bland-Altman plots were used to compare results.

Results

Mono-exponential fits showed the most comparable correlation between the measured and fitted data between both software. The ICC between absorbed dose outcomes was > 0.7 in tumour lesions and kidneys, but negative for the red marrow. Spearman correlation was > 0.9 for mono-exponential fits in kidneys and tumour lesions, and −0.7 in red marrow. Bi-exponential fits resulted in lower correlations and agreement values. Concordance between both software packages concerning the number of PRRT cycles with 7.4 GBq was observed based on a biological effective dose limit of 27 Gy to the kidneys.

Conclusion

[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE dosimetry results of two software packages were comparable in the same dataset, despite the limited number of imaging time-points. However, these results should be verified in a larger cohort before pooling of clinical data, as the obtained results will depend on acquisition protocol, timing and lesions definition.
Helping Babies Breathe (2nd edition) implementation on a shoestring budget in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Wilson Gina M. , Ame Ame M. , Khatib Maimuna Mohamed , Khalfan Bimkubwa Suleiman , Thompson Julie , Blood-Siegfried Jane
Published: June 2020

Background

To assess the efficacy and viability of implementing Helping Babies Breathe, a neonatal resuscitation program for resource-limited environments on a small budget in two of the largest delivery centers in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The quality improvement initiative concentrated on training midwives, who directly care for neonates at birth on Helping Babies Breathe to address high rates of neonatal mortality secondary to birth asphyxia.

Methods

The convenience sample was 59 midwives working in the two delivery centers of interest in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The train-the-trainer implementation strategy with repeated measures design was used to assess knowledge and skills at three time points. Observations were completed through supportive supervision of deliveries in both facilities. A budget was kept throughout the implementation.

Results

Knowledge scores and resuscitation skills significantly improved and were sustained over a 6-month period of time, Ps < .001. 130 supportive supervision observations were completed. Eighteen times (14%) a baby did not cry at birth and needed intervention. All were appropriately intervened for and survived the Golden Minute. The budget for this implementation was 9015.50 USD. Considering in-kind donations and financial support by the Zanzibar Ministry of Health the bottom line cost was much lower.

Conclusion

Results indicate that participants retained knowledge and skills over time and were able to translate these skills into clinical practice. This initiative provides an alternative approach to implementing Helping Babies Breathe, relying on a small budget, local leadership and government support.

Trial registration

Not applicable.
Cyber risk at the edge: current and future trends on cyber risk analytics and artificial intelligence in the industrial internet of things and industry 4.0 supply chains
Authors: Radanliev Petar , De Roure David , Page Kevin , Nurse Jason R. C. , Mantilla Montalvo Rafael , Santos Omar , Maddox La’Treall , Burnap Pete
Published: June 2020

Digital technologies have changed the way supply chain operations are structured. In this article, we conduct systematic syntheses of literature on the impact of new technologies on supply chains and the related cyber risks. A taxonomic/cladistic approach is used for the evaluations of progress in the area of supply chain integration in the Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0, with a specific focus on the mitigation of cyber risks. An analytical framework is presented, based on a critical assessment with respect to issues related to new types of cyber risk and the integration of supply chains with new technologies. This paper identifies a dynamic and self-adapting supply chain system supported with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) and real-time intelligence for predictive cyber risk analytics. The system is integrated into a cognition engine that enables predictive cyber risk analytics with real-time intelligence from IoT networks at the edge. This enhances capacities and assist in the creation of a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities and threats that arise when edge computing nodes are deployed, and when AI/ML technologies are migrated to the periphery of IoT networks.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate as one of the main predictors of in-hospital mortality in Egyptian patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction: a two-year retrospective study
Authors: Wadie Moheb , Samaan Emad , Nassar Mohammed Kamal , Abdelsalam Mostafa
Published: June 2020

Background

Renal dysfunction is one of the major causes of in-hospital mortality in STEMI patients. In this study, we evaluated the combined predictive value of eGFR by CKD-EPI equation and shock index for in-hospital mortality and other adverse clinical outcomes in Egyptian patients with STEMI.

Results

A total of 450 STEMI patients were divided into 2 groups according to their eGFR with a cutoff value of 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and compared as regards mortality, major bleeding, reinfarction, development of heart failure, stroke, and atrial fibrillation during the period of admission. Univariate analysis was performed to define significant factors that affected mortality; then, significant factors were subjected to a multivariate logistic regression.

Patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 had higher rates of mortality (P  < 0.0005) and atrial fibrillation (P  =  .006) during the hospital admission. A multivariate logistic regression model showed the predictors of mortality were factors SI (OR = 28.56, 95% CI 8–101.97, P < 0.0001), cardiac troponin (OR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.08–7.77, P = 0.03), age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.2, P = 0.002), and eGFR (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, P = 0.04).

Conclusions

Estimated GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in STEMI patients is associated with higher rate of mortality. Estimated GFR, age, shock index, and cardiac troponin were the most significant predictors of mortality in STEMI patients
The relevance vector machine for seismic Bayesian compressive sensing
Authors: Pilikos Georgios
Published: June 2020

Missing traces in seismic surveys create gaps in the data and cause problems in later stages of the seismic processing workflow through aliasing or incoherent noise. Compressive sensing (CS) is a framework that encompasses data reconstruction algorithms and acquisition processes. However, CS algorithms are mainly ad hoc by focusing on data reconstruction without any uncertainty quantification or feature learning. To avoid ad hoc algorithms, a probabilistic data-driven model is used, the relevance vector machine (RVM), to reconstruct seismic data and simultaneously quantify uncertainty. Modeling of sparsity is achieved using dictionaries of basis functions, and the model remains flexible by adding or removing them iteratively. Random irregular sampling with time-slice processing is used to reconstruct data without aliasing. Experiments on synthetic and field data sets illustrate its effectiveness with state-of-the-art reconstruction accuracy. In addition, a hybrid approach is used in which the domain of operation is smaller while, simultaneously, learned dictionaries of basis functions from seismic data are used. Furthermore, the uncertainty in predictions is quantified using the predictive variance of the RVM, obtaining high uncertainty when the reconstruction accuracy is low and vice versa. This could be used for the evaluation of source/receiver configurations guiding seismic survey design.
Nonhuman Labor and the Making of Resources
Authors: Krzywoszynska Anna
Published: June 2020

With soils increasingly seen as living ecosystems, the understanding of the relationship between soils and agricultural labor is changing. A shift from working the soil to working with the soil is hoped to deliver a true ecological modernization of capitalist agriculture, making the production of ever-growing yields and the maintenance of healthy ecosystems co-constitutive. Drawing on ethnographic data from English farming, this article argues that the current trends are in fact a continuation of the logic of capitalist soil improvement in which soils are made into economic resources. By proposing a new conceptualization of labor as a material process of transformation oriented toward the generation of capital value, the author establishes a dialogue between hitherto separate literatures on the making of economic resources and on nonhuman labor. This approach transforms the debates on the relationship between nature and capital by productively collapsing the distinction between labor and resources. The author argues that acknowledging the material co-constitution of (any form of) labor and resource making allows us to better analyze the processes through which natures are rolled into capital. Today’s enrollment of soil biota as labor thus opens up the whole biosphere to the logic of improvement, and to the operations of capital.
Geographies of Extinction
Authors: Garlick Ben , Symons Kate
Published: June 2020

This is an article about extinction, geography, and the geographies of extinction. The emerging field of extinction studies has brought a vibrant corpus of interdisciplinary scholarship that destabilizes static notions of species, traces the spatiality of death and violence in conservation contexts, and raises important political and ethical questions regarding how lives are lost, saved, and valued. Such work offers a counter to the biopolitical tendencies of contemporary conservation discourse, emphasizing the contingent and situated character of life’s forms and the processes by which these are, often slowly, severed from place. In this article, the authors draw upon research in diverse contexts—concerning the conservation of ospreys on Speyside, Scotland, and trans-border marine conservation in Mozambique—as a lens through which to demonstrate the multiple ways in which extinctions are “placed.” These are (1) an attention to geographical contingency of wildlife under threat from extinction; (2) the multiple, overlapping, and discordant political and economic geographies of violence, death, and attempted (necessarily partial) protections through which extinction unfolds; and (3) the geographies produced as a result of extinction, be they blasted, spectral, or sites for life amid ruins.
Nine Lives Down
Authors: Wrigley Charlotte
Published: June 2020

Scottish wildcat conservation is a tricky business, dogged by rampant hybridization, habitat loss, illegal poaching, and, more recently, calls from ecologists to declare the creature functionally extinct. While conservation bodies refuse to declare the fight over, the wildcat’s precarious position raises questions regarding extinction and its place in the wider conservation narrative. In this article the author tackles the possibly futile attempts by conservation bodies to save the Scottish wildcat from the brink of extinction in Britain’s “last wild place”—the Ardnamurchan peninsula in the North West Highlands. Through an analysis of past, present, and future configurations of the wildcat in the popular imagination, and an examination of its status as a “ghost species”—surviving on borrowed time due to anthropogenic intervention—this article aims to conceptualize the wildcat’s conservation as a sort of haunting. Existing as a wild emblem through a concentrated media campaign of inflated presence, it nonetheless remains hidden through hybridization and absence: a spectral being. The article therefore suggests that to truly save the wildcat is to account for its ghostliness and urge that conservationists instead accept the likely absence of wildcats in order to do the painful—but necessary—work of letting go.
High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise: Effect on Young People’s Cardiometabolic Health and Cognition
Authors: Cooper Simon B. , Dring Karah J. , Nevill Mary E.
Published: June 2020

With only a quarter of young people currently meeting physical activity guidelines, two key areas of concern are the effects of exercise on cardiometabolic health and cognition. Despite the fact that physical activity in young people is typically high intensity and intermittent in nature, much of the literature examines traditional endurance-type exercise. This review provides an update on the effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise on young people’s cardiometabolic health and cognition. High-intensity intermittent exercise has acute beneficial effects on endothelial function and postprandial lipemia and chronic positive effects on weight management. In addition, there is emerging evidence regarding chronic benefits on the blood lipid profile, blood pressure, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests beneficial acute and chronic effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise on cognition. However, further research is required in both cardiometabolic health and cognition, particularly regarding the impact of school-based interventions in adolescents.
Zika and Rio Olympic Games
Authors: Shadgan Babak , Pakravan Amir , Zaeimkohan Hamid , Shahpar Farhad Moradi , Khodaee Morteza
Published: June 2020

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus that is mainly transmitted via a bite from a female mosquito of the Aedes species. However, ZIKV can be transmitted sexually or via blood. Due to the recent ZIKV outbreak in South and Central America, many national and international organizations are concerned about the safety of athletes, coaches, staff, and spectators during the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Infected individuals are generally asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. However, ZIKV infection can potentially cause serious complications such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and congenital defects. Preferred diagnosis is based on real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from blood and urine. Currently, there is no treatment or immunization available for ZIKV infection, and disease control is limited to preventing mosquito bites.
Commercial Hype Versus Reality: Our Current Scientific Understanding of Gluten and Athletic Performance
Authors: Lis Dana M. , Fell James W. , Ahuja Kiran D.K. , Kitic Cecilia M. , Stellingwerff Trent
Published: June 2020

Recent explosion in the prevalence of gluten-free athletes, exacerbated by unsubstantiated commercial health claims, has led to some professional athletes touting gluten-free diet as the secret to their success. Forty-one percent of athletes report adhering to a gluten-free diet (GFD), which is four-fold higher than the population-based clinical requirements. Many nonceliac athletes believe that gluten avoidance improves gastrointestinal well-being, reduces inflammation, and provides an ergogenic edge, despite the fact that limited data yet exist to support any of these benefits. There are several plausible associations between endurance-based exercise and gastrointestinal permeability whereby a GFD may be beneficial. However, the implications of confounding factors, including the risks of unnecessary dietary restriction, financial burden, food availability, psychosocial implications, alterations in short-chain carbohydrates (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols), and other wheat constituents emphasize the need for further evaluation.
Publishing and Promotion in Economics: The Tyranny of the Top Five
Authors: Heckman James J. , Moktan Sidharth
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the relationship between placement of publications in top five (T5) journals and receipt of tenure in academic economics departments. Analyzing the job histories of tenure–track economists hired by the top 35 US economics departments, we find that T5 publications have a powerful influence on tenure decisions and rates of transition to tenure. A survey of the perceptions of young economists supports the formal statistical analysis. Pursuit of T5 publications has become the obsession of the next generation of economists. However, the T5 screen is far from reliable. A substantial share of influential publications appear in non-T5 outlets. Reliance on the T5 to screen talent incentivizes careerism over creativity.( JEL A14, I23, J44, J62)
Baseline results of a living systematic review for COVID-19 clinical trial registrations
Authors: Maguire Brittany J. , McLean Alistair R.D. , Rashan Sumayyah , Antonio Emilia Sitsofe , Bagaria Jayshree , Bentounsi Zineb , Brack Matthew , Caldwell Fiona , Carrara Verena Ilona , Citarella Barbara Wanjiru , Dahal Prabin , Feteh Vitalis Fambombi , H.B. Guérin Marius , Kennon Kalynn , Bilton Lahaut Kathinka , Makuka Gerald Jamberi , Ngu Roland , Obiesie Sopuruchukwu , Richmond Caitlin , Singh-Phulgenda Sauman , Strudwick Samantha , Tyrrell Carina S.B. , Schwinn Austin , King David , Newton Paul N. , Price Ric N. , Merson Laura , Stepniewska Kasia , Guérin Philippe J.
Published: June 2020

Background: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported in December 2019, many independent trials have been planned that aim to answer similar questions. Tools allowing researchers to review studies already underway can facilitate collaboration, cooperation and harmonisation. The Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO) has undertaken a living systematic review (LSR) to provide an open, accessible and frequently updated resource summarising characteristics of COVID-19 study registrations.

Methods: Review of all eligible trial records identified by systematic searches as of 3 April 2020 and initial synthesis of clinical study characteristics were conducted. In partnership with Exaptive, an open access, cloud-based knowledge graph has been created using the results. 

Results: There were 728 study registrations which met eligibility criteria and were still active. Median (25th, 75th percentile) sample size was 130 (60, 400) for all studies and 134 (70, 300) for RCTs. Eight lower middle and low income countries were represented among the planned recruitment sites. Overall 109 pharmacological interventions or advanced therapy medicinal products covering 23 drug categories were studied. Majority (57%, 62/109) of them were planned only in one study arm, either alone or in combination with other interventions. There were 49 distinct combinations studied with 90% (44/49) of them administered in only one or two study arms. The data and interactive platform are available at https://iddo.cognitive.city/.

Conclusions:  Baseline review highlighted that the majority of investigations in the first three months of the outbreak were small studies with unique treatment arms, likely to be unpowered to provide solid evidence.  The continued work of this LSR will allow a more dependable overview of interventions tested, predict the likely strength of evidence generated, allow fast and informative filtering of relevant trials for specific user groups and provide the rapid guidance needed by investigators and funders to avoid duplication of efforts.
A participação cidadã nos processos de inventariação do Património Cultural Imaterial: casos de Brasil e de Portugal
Authors: Sancho Querol Lorena , De Castro Mendonça Elizabete , Miguel Ana Flavia
Published: June 2020

O campo do patrimônio cultural, apesar do seu histórico relacionado ao contexto colonial e à estruturação associada ao poder socioeconômico, tem vindo ocupar um lugar de centralidade crescente na construção de equilíbrios sociais e de formas de sustentabilidade que valorizam o conhecimento da experiência. Nessa dinâmica, a aprovação da Convenção para a Salvaguarda do Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial (2003) desempenhou um papel importante no reconhecimento dos saberes locais, dos/as seus/suas protagonistas e da sua participação nos processos de inventariação do patrimônio imaterial em prol de uma gestão mais democrática e mais humana do patrimônio. Neste artigo analisamos a dimensão participativa de dois processos de patrimonialização focando a atenção nas dinâmicas utilizadas ao longo dos processos de inventário participativo. Trata-se das Matrizes do Samba, no Rio de Janeiro (Brasil), e do Kola San Jon, na Amadora (Portugal). Com esse objetivo, analisamos as respectivas políticas públicas, o modo como cada um desses processos aconteceu no Brasil e em Portugal e estruturamos, com base em trabalhos de autores/as de referência na teoria da participação, uma ferramenta de análise que permite identificar a natureza participativa e avaliar a qualidade da ação coletiva em cada uma das fases do inventário. Finalmente, apresentamos um conjunto de recomendações que nos aproximam do princípio e das práticas da investigação socialmente responsável, e com o que pretendemos contribuir para a construção de processos mais participativos e mais democráticos no âmbito da gestão da dimensão imaterial das nossas culturas.
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: June 2020

Summary: In feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy the increase in myocardial thickness and cardiac weight in some cases is due to diffuse expansion of the interstitium by granulation tissue as a consequence of cardiomyocyte degeneration, probably associated with infarcts, and is not necessarily the result of true myocardial hypertrophy.
Jules Bordet: immunologist, bacteriologist and Nobel Prize winner
Authors: Ellis Harold
Published: June 2020

This year marks the 150th anniversary of the birth of Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet, to give him his full name, the Belgian immunologist and bacteriologist.
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: Mcgloin Claudia
Published: June 2020

In this regular feature, aesthetic nurse Claudia McGloin presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles on medical aesthetics. Research roundup aims to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided at the end of each study summary
Predictors of musculoskeletal manifestations in paediatric patients presenting with sickle cell disease at a tertiary teaching hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Musowoya Raymond Mpanjilwa , Kaonga Patrick , Bwanga Alick , Chunda-Lyoka Catherine , Lavy Christopher , Munthali James
Published: June 2020

Aims

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive inherited condition that presents with a number of clinical manifestations that include musculoskeletal manifestations (MM). MM may present differently in different individuals and settings and the predictors are not well known. Herein, we aimed at determining the predictors of MM in patients with SCD at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods

An unmatched case-control study was conducted between January and May 2019 in children below the age of 16 years. In all, 57 cases and 114 controls were obtained by systematic sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The different MM were identified, staged, and classified according to the Standard Orthopaedic Classification Systems using radiological and laboratory investigations. The data was entered in Epidata version 3.1 and exported to STATA 15 for analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine predictors and predictive margins were used to determine the probability of MM.

Results

The cases were older median age 9.5 (interquartile range (IQR) 7 to 12) years compared to controls 7 (IQR 4 to 11) years; p = 0.003. After multivariate logistic regression, increase in age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 to 1.45; p = 0.043), increase in the frequency of vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.52; p = 0.009) and increase in percentage of haemoglobin S (HbS) (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.29; p < 0.001) were significant predictors of MM. Predictive margins showed that for a 16-year-old the average probability of having MM would be 51 percentage points higher than that of a two-year-old.

Conclusion

Increase in age, frequency of VOC, and an increase in the percentage of HbS were significant predictors of MM. These predictors maybe useful to clinicians in determining children who are at risk. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:175–181.
La Prosperitat. Nou Barris (Barcelona) Construcción del espacio público para todos
Authors: Del Real Nicolás
Published: June 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo realizar una primera aproximación al barrio La Prosperitat (Nou Barris) bajo el contexto del confinamiento en tiempos de COVID19, el cual nos obliga a reconsiderar los procesos de trabajo y mecanismos de aproximación a un territorio intocable.La herramienta Google Earth y las distintas plataformas que nos proporcionan información virtual de la ciudad, darán cuenta de nuestras posibilidades y limitaciones para acceder a un barrio que solo podremos visitar desde la pantalla.Analizaremos La Prosperitat abordando sus límites y contexto territorial, su evolución en el tiempo, sus principales características socio económicas, su relación con políticas y programas urbanos, su conectividad y espacio público, destacando las principales intervenciones realizadas en él.
They Care for Others, But What About Themselves? Understanding Self-Care Among DSPs' and Its Relationship to Professional Quality of Life
Authors: Keesler John M. , Troxel Jess
Published: June 2020

Direct support professionals (DSPs) are instrumental to the daily operations of organizations that support people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). With extensive responsibilities, DSPs often experience high levels of stress and burnout that can result in turnover and vacant positions. Self-care is the practice of behaviors that promote well-being, counter work-related stress, and foster resilience. The current study explored self-care and resilience, and their relationship with professional quality of life (i.e., satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress) among DSPs. Using a convenient sample, 153 DSPs (71% female) completed an online survey comprised of multiple measures. Results indicated that DSPs often engaged in self-care behaviors across physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, relational, and workplace domains, however, less than 40% engaged in self-care behaviors directly related to work. On average, DSPs reported high levels of resilience. Collectively, self-care and resilience accounted for 12% to 28% of variance in DSPs' professional quality of life. Given the contribution of self-care to resilience and professional quality of life, an active approach by IDD organizations to foster self-care among DSPs may help promote their longevity and retention.
Early Predictors of Later Expressive Language in Boys With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Fielding-Gebhardt Heather , Warren Steven F.
Published: June 2020

The predictive ability of early consonant inventory and intentional communication on later expressive language was examined in 36 boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Autism symptom severity was included as a potential moderator. Participants were visited in their homes twice over a 6-year period, and mother-child interactions were videotaped, coded, and transcribed behavior by behavior. Consonant inventory and concurrent autism symptom severity were predictive of later number of different words, as was the interaction between the two. Intentional communication was not predictive of number of different words. These findings provide additional specific evidence for differences in foundational language abilities associated with autism symptom severity in boys with FXS. Clinical implications are discussed.
Heterodyne period measurement in a scanning beam interference
lithography system
Authors: Jiang Shan , Lü Bo , Song Ying , Liu Zhaowu , Wang Wei , Shuo Li , Bayanheshig
Published: June 2020

The interference fringe period is an important phase-locking parameter
in the scanning beam interference lithography (SBIL) system. To
measure the interference fringe period accurately, a heterodyne period
measurement method is proposed. Compared with traditional methods, the
requirements for the stage motion characteristics are greatly reduced.
In this paper, the theoretical error of the period measurement method
is analyzed and relevant experiments are performed. The results show
that the average period measurement value is 555.539 nm and the
standard deviation of measurement repeatability is 2.5 pm. This method
is significant for holographic grating fabrication using the SBIL
system.
Holographic display method with a large field of view based on a holographic functional screen
Authors: Liu Su-Juan , Wang Di , Zhai Feng-Xiao , Liu Nan-Nan , Hao Qi-Yun
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we propose a method to increase the field of view (FOV) in a holographic display. Different from the traditional method, a large-sized computer-generated hologram (CGH) is generated, and a holographic function screen is used in the proposed method. The CGH is formed by superposition of interference fringes. The diffraction boundary angle of the interferogram is set to be equal to the maximum diffraction angle of the reconstructed light. In the holographic reconstruction, three spatial light modulators (SLMs) arranged side by side in a linear configuration are used to load the CGH. The holographic functional screen is used for eliminating the seams between the SLMs and further enlarging the diffraction light. With the proposed method, the reconstructed light after each image point is expanded, so that the FOV can be increased effectively. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed method.
Mathematical modeling and experimental validation for expression
microdissection
Authors: Han Chang-Mu , Waks Edo , Shapiro Benjamin
Published: June 2020

Using laser excitation, expression microdissection (xMD) can
selectively heat cancer cells targeted via immunohistochemical
staining to enable their selective retrieval from tumor tissue
samples, thus reducing misdiagnoses caused by contamination of
noncancerous cells. Several theoretical models have been validated for
the photothermal effect in highly light absorbing and scattering
media. However, these models are not generally applicable to the
physics behind the process of xMD. In this study, we propose a thermal
model that can analyze the transient temperature distribution and heat
melt zone in an xMD sample medium composed of a thermoplastic film and
a tumor tissue sample sandwiched between two glass slides.
Furthermore, we experimentally examined the model using an ink layer
with controllable optical properties to serve as a microscale-thin,
tissue-mimicking phantom and found the experimentally measured film
temperature is in good agreement with the model predictions. The
validated model can help researchers to optimize cell retrieval by xMD
for improved diagnostics of cancer and other diseases.
Reflection control by metal-dielectric-metal metasurfaces using offset micropatches at infrared wavelengths
Authors: Ogawa Shinpei , Kimata Masafumi
Published: June 2020

Metasurfaces offer a promising means for realizing compact high-performance optical devices. This study numerically and analytically investigated reflection control using a metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) metasurface. Its reflection wavelength and angle were determined using the thickness and refractive index of the dielectric layer owing to a phase change induced by the hybridized resonance mode formed therein. MDM metasurfaces with offset micropatches comprise a continuous metal layer with periodic dielectric and micropatch layers having different widths. These layers are offset to one side with respect to one another. These offset micropatches realized better control over the reflection direction and wavelength.
Writing digital culture into the young adult novel
Authors: Gibson Yates Sarah
Published: June 2020

This article investigates how creative fiction writing has responded to the problem of representing the multimodal landscape of digital culture in young adult literature (YAL). Twenty years ago, Dresang’s theory of Radical Change presented a new breed of digitally engaged YAL that addressed changes in thinking about digital technologies and how young people interacted with them. Nikolajeva predicted the phenomenon three years earlier arguing for YAL coming of age as a literary form. In this article, I argue for the necessity of this work to continue, from the perspective of author-practitioner, and for the importance for authors to develop an expanded writing practice that foregrounds formal experiment that both reflects and critiques the thematic concerns and practices of digital culture. I begin by presenting some context for the work, in the form of a brief discussion of formal experimentation within selected YAL, and then go on to discuss my methods and approaches. This creative writing practice research has been undertaken during the course of Ph.D. study that has explored combining dramatic and multimodal writing techniques into a traditional prose fiction text, in this case a novel, aimed for YAL readers.
Postales, viaje y turismo: La experiencia de una viajera ecuatoriana a inicios del siglo XX
Authors: Cifuentes Guerra María Ángela
Published: June 2020

Como medio de comunicación, de intercambio epistolar o como objeto estimado por coleccionistas y viajeros, la tarjeta postal ilustrada guarda gran importancia dentro de la historia social y cultural, además de la riqueza de una cultura visual en torno a sus representaciones y apreciaciones. A través del análisis de la correspondencia sostenida durante principios del siglo XX entre una viajera de Ecuador, dentro de sus diversos desplazamientos por algunos lugares de América Latina y Europa, y sus destinatarios, este artículo explora las prácticas de comunicación epistolar por medio de la postal y, con ello, los diferentes usos dados en torno a la experiencia de viaje, a los modos de ver, transmitir e interactuar. La relación entre lo visual y lo textual resulta, así, el punto central para un estudio interpretativo
Hacia la Hispanidad, a través de Londres. La influencia de la estancia británica de Ramiro de Maeztu en la creación de un ideario hispanoamericanista (1905-1934)
Authors: Jiménez Torres David
Published: June 2020

En su influyente ensayo Defensa de la Hispanidad (1934), Ramiro de Maeztu reivindicó la colonización española de América y argumentó que los rasgos culturales compartidos que resultaban de esa experiencia histórica debían vertebrar una colaboración entre las naciones de habla hispana. Pese a la creencia de que Maeztu desarrolló estas ideas en 1928-30, cuando era embajador en Argentina, sus textos periodísticos muestran que muchas estaban articuladas ya en 1911-12, cuando era corresponsal en Reino Unido. Esto nos anima a revisar el papel del Londres eduardiano en la génesis del ideario hispanoamericanista de Maeztu. Por un lado, le permitió entablar amistad con intelectuales hispanoamericanos como los redactores de la revista Hispania; por otro, le expuso a los debates que los británicos libraban acerca de su propio Imperio. La Hispanidad aparece así como parte de un movimiento de revisión de la colonización europea y el devenir de los antiguos proyectos coloniales.
"2001: Una odisea del espacio", paradigma del cine de lo sublime
Authors: Pérez Romero Enrique
Published: June 2020

Se analiza la caracterización del concepto de "lo sublime", en su origen y durante el siglo XVIII, definiendo con nitidez el núcleo duro de las ideas que lo componen y aquellas otras que, procedentes de un solo autor o secundarias, fueron perfilando su contorno. Posteriormente, se sintetiza la relación de este concepto con la película de Stanley Kubrick "2001: Una odisea del espacio" (1968), demostrando que es un paradigma cinematográfico de lo sublime.
Cineastas vascos en la diáspora: el caso de Jon Villelabeitia, pionero del cine en la Patagonia argentina
Authors: Martinez Josu
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es cartografiar la figura y la obra de Jon Villelabeitia, cineasta cuyo nombre ha estado hasta ahora completamente ausente en los estudios sobre el cine vasco. Villelabeitia fue un pionero del cine en la Patagonia argentina, con una carrera que abarca una extensa obra documental desde los años 60 hasta los años 90. El presente estudio, fruto de un largo trabajo de arqueologíafílmica, propone un análisis histórico de su obra, contextualizándola y comparándola con la experiencia de otras personas de origen vasco que han hecho cine en el continente americano.
Comunicación estratégica transnacional en Twitter para las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo de 2019
Authors: Rivas-de-Roca Rubén
Published: June 2020

La Unión Europea atraviesa un momento de turbulencias, marcado por el Brexit y el auge de movimientos populistas. Este artículo analiza la comunicación estratégica desarrollada en Twitter por los candidatos transnacionales ("Spitzenkandidaten") en las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo de 2019. Para ello, se aplica un análisis de contenido que estudia la agenda de los candidatos a presidir la Comisión Europea en esta red social, especialmente en lo referente a enfoques estratégicos que busquen la consecución de votos. Como resultados, se concluye que existe una cierta concentración estratégica en los elementos utilizados, con diferencias significativas únicamente en el eje europeísmo/euroescepticismo.
La apuesta de Coca-Cola Life como marca icono: Una mirada desde el branding cultural
Authors: Sanz-Marcos Paloma , Matus Pablo , Vergara Enrique
Published: June 2020

En 2013 se lanza al mercado chileno Coca-Cola Life, una bebida carbonatada que utiliza la estevia como endulzante. Pese al auge del consumo, apenas dos años después de su lanzamiento las bajas ventas provocaron su retira del mercado. Desde un enfoque de branding cultural, la presente investigación describe las claves discursivas de la marca para descubrir por qué no logró vincularse con los consumidores, pese a tener los atributos para ser considerada una 'marca icono'. Los resultados muestran que las campañas en Twitter en Chile (140 piezas entre 2013 y 2015) representaron de manera superficial las problemáticas e intereses ecologistas.
Frames of reference for the electoral Debates of the 2015 and 2016 general elections in Spain: credibility as the sustenance of satisfaction with politicians
Authors: Arceo Vacas Alfredo , Serrano Villalobos Olga , Álvarez Sánchez Sergio
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo describe los contextos de percepción de los dos principales debates electorales para las elecciones generales de 2015 y 2016, así como las tácticas de los candidatos para ganar credibilidad y negociar con éxito sus marcos comunicativos. Se revisaron encuestas electorales, practicándose análisis descriptivos de publicidad política y de los propios debates. Para explorar las atribuciones de credibilidad, se organizaron dos grupos de discusión con actuantes jóvenes. Finalmente, se practicaron análisis de contenido sobre los tuits de los candidatos. Sus marcos de conflicto fatigaron a los votantes, aunque Mariano Rajoy resultaba más creíble entre los jovenes por su naturalidad.
Los personajes fugitivos de las adaptaciones cinematográficas de Tennessee Williams: Dulce pájaro de juventud (Richard Brooks, 1962) y la crisis del Código Hays
Authors: Durán Manso Valeriano
Published: June 2020

La construcción del personaje es uno de los principales rasgos de uno de los escritores más adaptados del cine clásico, Tennessee Williams. Marcados por el universo sureño, sus personajes se agrupan en damas al límite, jóvenes atormentados, progenitores dominantes, integrados en la vida y fugitivos, el más numeroso. Con el objetivo de tratar su impacto en un Hollywood determinado por el Código Hays, se analizan como persona y como rol los fugitivos del filme Dulce pájaro de juventud (Richard Brooks, 1962), quienes, además, representaron tres temas condenados por el código que propiciaron su crisis: la drogadicción, la prostitución y el aborto.
Uo del smartphone en centros escolares privados: una cuestión de responsabilidad social
Authors: Tejerina Rodríguez Ofelia
Published: June 2020

En España no existe normativa armonizada sobre el uso de teléfonos móviles en las aulas. Las regulaciones autonómicas suelen limitarse a su restricción para asegurar el orden en las aulas. Tampoco existe opinión unánime sobre los reglamentos internos, que tienen plena autonomía. En el sector privado, criterios de eficiencia económica deben guiar también esa eventual prohibición, por la posible pérdida de "clientes". La literatura muestra un acuerdo general sobre la necesidad de una educación socialmente responsable desde edades tempranas, del tipo de uso, momento y lugar, tendiendo hacia el equilibrio entre su potencial educativo y los riesgos.
Características y percepciones sobre el uso de las plataformas de redes sociales y dispositivos tecnológicos por parte de los adolescentes
Authors: García-Jiménez Antonio , López-de-Ayala López María Cruz , Montes-Vozmediano Manuel
Published: June 2020

El crecimiento exponencial del acceso a dispositivos móviles está fomentando un uso ubicuo y más intensivo de ciertos servicios y aplicaciones online. Este artículo aborda las características de los usos que los menores realizan tanto de los dispositivos de acceso a las redes sociales como de las plataformas que las contienen. Mediante una encuesta aplicada a una muestra representativa de adolescentes de la Comunidad de Madrid matriculados en la ESO (N=524), se estudia la edad de propiedad del primer smartphone, la frecuencia de uso de las plataformas de redes sociales y de WhatsApp, las actividades que realizan y su frecuencia, y finalmente sus valoraciones respecto a las redes sociales. Algunos de los hallazgos tienen que ver con la confirmación de la tendencia de las edades para la adquisición del propio smartphone (media de 11 años). Edad que también se muestra como el referente para el acceso a las redes sociales. Junto al acceso multipantalla, también se observa un consumo diario superior de Whatsapp en relación con el de las plataformas de redes sociales. Por otra parte, las necesidades de socialización y la búsqueda de entretenimiento orientan el uso online de la adolescencia. Finalmente, los adolescentes eligen mayoritariamente Instagram para realizar la mayoría de sus actividades en redes sociales; y, a continuación, YouTube, en el caso de contenidos audiovisuales.