bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed practice and time pressure interact to affect learning and retention of arithmetic facts
Authors: Jazbutis Olivia R. , Wiseheart Melody , Radvansky Gabriel A. , McNeil Nicole M.
Published: July 2023

Arithmetic is commonly taught through timed practice and drill, yet little research exists to guide optimal practice structure. This study investigated the effects of distributed practice and time pressure on the acquisition and retention of arithmetic facts. Following a pretest, adult participants (n = 211) were randomly assigned to learn unfamiliar times tables (17 and 19) in one of ten conditions in a 5 (spacing: daily, every other day, weekly, every 10 days, every other week) x 2 (time pressure: timed or untimed) factorial design. After the learning phase, retention tests were given to measure both accuracy and response time immediately, after a ten-day delay, and at the end of semester. Time pressure during learning elevated participants’ perceived stress. It also led to faster response times during testing when learning was spaced daily and every other day, but slower response times for all other spacings. These patterns were reversed in the absence of time pressure during learning. While timed and untimed practice during learning led to similar forgetting of practiced facts over time, untimed practice allowed participants to gradually improve on unpracticed facts and conceptually related facts across test phases. Ultimately, distributed practice and time pressure may interact in complex ways to affect the learning and retention of arithmetic facts, and the effects shown in previous studies using verbal material (e.g., narrative texts, word lists) may not generalize to arithmetic.
Transformasi Political Awakening Perempuan: Komunitas Virtual sebagai Wujud Peran Pemuda Melalui Platform Internet sebagai Public Sphere dalam Era Digital
Authors: Fairuza Hanny , Rastikasari Dewi , Rahmansyah Nadhif Nur
Published: July 2023

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan internet telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia. Salah satu dampak yang muncul adalah transformasi peran pemuda dalam mendorong kesadaran politik perempuan. Hal tersebut bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana komunitas virtual, yang diinisiasi oleh pemuda melalui platform internet, dapat menjadi public sphere dalam digitalisasi birokrasi dan mendorong political awakening perempuan. Selain itu, komunitas virtual juga menjadi wadah untuk memperkuat hubungan antara perempuan dengan pemerintah dan birokrasi. Melalui platform internet, anggota komunitas dapat berinteraksi dengan pejabat pemerintah, menyampaikan aspirasi mereka, dan mempengaruhi kebijakan publik. Digitalisasi birokrasi memberikan peluang baru bagi partisipasi politik perempuan melalui komunikasi yang lebih cepat, transparansi informasi, dan aksesibilitas yang lebih luas. Dalam rangka meningkatkan efektivitas komunitas virtual sebagai public sphere dalam digitalisasi birokrasi, diperlukan langkah-langkah seperti meningkatkan literasi digital, meningkatkan partisipasi perempuan dalam komunitas tersebut, serta memperkuat kolaborasi dengan pemerintah dan lembaga terkait. Dengan demikian, pemuda dapat memainkan peran yang lebih aktif dalam mengembangkan kesadaran politik perempuan dan mendorong perubahan positif dalam sistem birokrasi. Semua langkah tersebut juga akan memberikan dampak baik bagi pelaksanaan pemilu 2024 mendatang.         

Kata Kunci: Komunitas Virtual, Pemuda, Political Awakening, Perempuan, Era Digital
Les enseignants non permanents : Les enjeux de l’intégration dans les universités françaises
Authors: MASOU Roula , FOURNIER Sandrine
Published: July 2023

This article explores the strategic challenges of precarious work in academia. The integration of nontenured teachers is investigated by analysing their feelings, their work relations and their organisational implication. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected in French universities through three sources: participant observation, semi-structured interviews and an online questionnaire. The results made it possible to identify the challenges of integrating non-tenured teachers into teaching teams. The discussion highlighted managerial practices and refocused the debate on the vulnerability and significant professional and personal injustice felt by these university staff members.
Electrochemical Etching Method to Fabricate Tips for Scanning Tunnelling Microscopes using Tungsten
Authors: Harrison Alexander
Published: July 2023

The goal of this project was to create a tungsten tip for use in STM machines. This project started with the research of existing methods for creating STM tips through electrochemical etching. During initial testing, the electrolyte solution was identified as a powerful variable. Once a suitable solution had been found and optimized, we made changes to the etching procedure while observing the difference between outcomes. In this way we developed a method, which could create consistently sharp tips. The focus moved from finding a method for constant power etching to pulse etching. The advantage of constant power etching was that it gave a good indication of how sharp the tips could get while being very fast, allowing for rapid testing of variables and their impact on the outcome. The advantage of pulsed etching was the ability to control how sharp the tips created were. The final procedure was to pass 4V through the equipment (see figure 9), pulsed on for 1 second and off for 8 seconds. When the wire breaks the voltage is to be turned off and the tip retrieved. Excellent tips have been produced using this method, as evidenced in this report.
Effectiveness of the prevention programme on posture and the incidence of back pain in primary school children: a pilot study
Authors: Hojker Marta , Vaishnav Jahnavi , Staparski Dobravec Saša
Published: July 2023

Background: The incidence of back pain in childhood is rising and significantly impacts its incidence in adulthood. Important risk factors include poor posture, which is common due to a largely sedentary lifestyle. Our study aimed to determine the effect of a primary prevention programme on posture and pain incidence in primary school children.

Methods: The research was conducted in eight 4th grades of four primary schools. Half of the grades were part of the posture hygiene programme throughout the school year, while the other half served as a control group. Before and after the programme, pupils were measured, their posture assessed, and a survey about back pain was conducted.

Results: 179 pupils were included in the study. A history of back pain was found in 36.5% of the children, and only 9% had ideal posture. The implementation of the programme resulted in a 20% absolute reduction in the risk of pain and a 52% reduction in those who reported pain before the programme. At the end of the study, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the two groups in all the measured parameters, except in the cranioclavicular angle.

Conclusion: The study showed marked improvement in posture and reduced back pain in the students who were included in the programme. A preventive programme to improve postural hygiene could contribute significantly to addressing the problem among young people, thus reducing the incidence of back pain in the adult population.
Opredelitev zapletov srčnih kateterizacij pri otrocih v Sloveniji
Authors: Kekec Laura , Rus Rina R , Mlakar Gorazd , Elek Miroslav
Published: July 2023

Izhodišča: Čeprav so srčne kateterizacije v primerjavi s kardiokirurškimi posegi manj invazivne, imajo manj zapletov, bolniki pa po njih hitreje okrevajo, te niso brez zapletov. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti značilnosti populacije, najpogostejše patologije, vrste kateterizacij, zaplete pri kateterizacijah v našem centru ter opredeliti morebitne dejavnike tveganja.

Metode: Zbrali smo podatke o vseh pediatričnih srčnih kateterizacijah, opravljenih med junijem 2018 in avgustom 2021. Opredelili smo jih glede na vrsto kateterizacije (diagnostične in terapevtske), težo, starost, spol bolnikov in kompleksnost patologije. Zaplete smo ločili na lažje in težje ter z uporabo Pearsonovega testa hi-kvadrat in testa Mann-Whitney U ugotavljali njihovo povezanost s morebitnimi dejavniki tveganja.

Rezultati: V tem obdobju je bilo opravljenih 191 srčnih kateterizacij (54 diagnostičnih in 137 terapevtskih) pri 175 otrocih, od tega pri 95 dečkih in 80 deklicah. Otroci so bili stari od nekaj ur do 18 let, tehtali so od 2,6 kg do 85,5 kg. Zabeležili smo 9 zapletov, od tega 5 težjih in 4 lažje. Z našo raziskavo nismo dokazali statistično pomembne povezave med dejavniki tveganja (telesna teža, spol, vrsta kateterizacije, starost, kompleksnost patologije) in pojavom zapletov.

Zaključek: Največ kateterizacij je bilo opravljenih pri otrocih, starih med 1 letom in 10 let in tistih, ki so tehtali med 10 in 40 kg. Nekoliko več kateterizacij je bilo opravljenih pri dečkih. Najpogostejše so bile terapevtske kateterizacije. Pojavnost zapletov v našem centru je primerljiva z drugimi centri. Telesna teža, spol, starost otroka, vrsta kateterizacije in kompleksnost patologije v našem centru niso bili statistično značilno povezani s pojavom zapletov ob katerizaciji.
Business Philosophy Education and Improving Critical Thinking Skills of Business Students
Authors: Azzaakiyyah Hizbul Khootimah , Wanof M. Indre , Suherlan Suherlan , Fitri Wahyuni Shalatan
Published: July 2023

Business Philosophy Education is a discipline that aims to assist individuals in understanding the meaning and values of business, as well as helping them to develop critical thinking skills. Critical thinking ability is very important in the business world because it allows individuals to make the right decisions that are beneficial to the company. However, there are still many business students who lack adequate critical thinking skills. This study aims to explore the influence of Business Philosophy Education on improving the critical thinking skills of business students. This research is qualitative in nature. Data collection techniques include listening and recording important information to conduct data analysis through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The study concluded that Business Philosophy Education has an important role in improving business students' critical and ethical thinking skills in dealing with complex and ambiguous business situations. Through this education, business students can gain a deeper understanding of the philosophical principles underlying business practices, so that they can make more socially and environmentally responsible decisions.
Submission of Guna Bhakti Credit at PT Bank BJB KCP Jalan Cagak Subang
Authors: Vionika Cindy
Published: July 2023

Bank bjb is a type of commercial bank engaged in the banking sector which carries out activities to collect funds and distribute funds. Whereas banking is a financial institution that is growing rapidly in Indonesia, one of the banking activities is credit, the management of which requires credit administration procedures. The focus of this research is how the procedure is carried out in the credit granting process. In addition, to find out how to implement the theory of credit administration procedures at the bank. This study shows that the KGB credit administration procedure is in conformity between theory regarding administrative procedures and practice, it is good according to the existing Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). The procedure for applying for credit includes 9 stages, namely submitting files, investigating loan files, interview I, On The Spot, Interview II, Credit decision, Signing of the Credit Agreement, Credit Realization, and channeling and withdrawing funds. The procedure makes it easy to process each credit application so that it makes it easier for consumers to apply for credit, the time period for consumers to realize faster credit can be completed within 2 days until disbursement. For credit application procedures there are problems that must be corrected.
Patrones de aprendizaje, factores socio-familiares, memoria y rendimiento académico en jóvenes tutelados
Authors: Vega-Martínez Antonio , Martínez-Pons Marc , Martínez-Fernández José Reinaldo
Published: July 2023

La presente investigación trata de identificar los factores que influyen en el pro­ceso de aprendizaje de personas jóvenes tuteladas. Se investiga sobre la relación entre los patrones de aprendizaje, los factores socio-familiares, la memoria verbal a corto plazo y el rendimiento académico de menores que están bajo la tutela de la Dirección General de Aten­ción a la Infancia y Adolescencia (DGAIA). La muestra está compuesta por 32 participantes con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y 15 años, que conviven en Centros Residenciales de Acción Educativa en Cataluña. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: el Inventory of Learning Patterns, Prueba de memoria de Atkinson y Shiffrin y un Cuestionario de aspectos socio-fa­miliares en el cual, también, se incluye dos preguntas sobre el rendimiento (repitencia y nota media). Los resultados muestran relación entre las variables estudiadas, de modo que las per­sonas con patrones de aprendizaje asociados a un mejor rendimiento académico, como son el dirigido al significado y dirigido a la aplicación, se relacionan con factores socio-familiares favorables y memoria verbal a corto plazo alta. Los patrones, dirigido a la reproducción y no dirigido, se asocian con un rendimiento académico insuficiente, con factores socio-familiares no favorables y memoria verbal a corto plazo baja.
Repensando las teorías educativas críticas desde dinámicas regenerativas frente a procesos de precarización neoliberal
Authors: Martínez-Rodríguez Francisco Miguel , Fernández-Herrería Alfonso
Published: July 2023

La evolución desde un capitalismo keynesiano a uno neoliberal supone el paso de una ‘ciudadanía industrial’ a una ‘precarizada’. Se pierde la perspectiva estructural y co­lectiva de los problemas sociales, responsabilizando al individuo de sus situaciones vitales. La exigencia de una activación permanente al servicio de la productividad conlleva una gestión empresarial de su vida, implicando una construcción neoliberal de su identidad. Las teorías educativas críticas clásicas no responden a esta nueva situación pues el problema no está en la falta de activación del sujeto, sino en que ha naturalizado las violencias estructurales tras­ladándolas al ámbito de la responsabilidad individual. En este contexto necesitamos repensar las teorías educativas críticas como estrategia para la reconstrucción de subjetividades alter­nativas centradas en vivencias grupales, colectivas, contextualizadas en lo local, que refuer­cen aprendizajes sociocomunitarios y cooperativos propios de una cultura regenerativa. Esto supone un cambio educativo y cultural profundo de nuestra cosmovisión.
Drug-induced immune-mediated thrombocytopenia due to bevacizumab-FOLFOX therapy: a case report
Authors: Kim Minna , Lee Jong Hoon , Lee Jong Yoon
Published: July 2023

Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) is a very rare disease, with an estimated annual incidence of 10 cases per million. Oxaliplatin and irinotecan are widely used as chemotherapy for high-risk stage II and III colorectal cancer, and DITP has been reported to occur in patients using those agents. To treat unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer, bevacizumab is used in combination with oxaliplatin or irinotecan, and there have been a few reports of DITP cases in patients receiving that regimen. In this report, we describe a 68-year-old male patient with metastatic colon cancer (KRAS mutant type) to the liver and lung who developed acute immune-mediated thrombocytopenia due to bevacizumab-FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) therapy. During treatment, he showed purpura in his lower extremities on 21st cycle day 2. Lab work revealed a platelet count of less than 2,000/mL, reflecting a decrease from 135,000/mL at the start of the cycle 1 day prior. He did not have any other types of cytopenia or significant changes in laboratory findings. We diagnosed DITP due to bevacizumab-FOLFOX, and the patient did not show isolated thrombocytopenia after switching to Ziv-aflibercept-FOLFIRI (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan).
"En torno a los Estudios Culturales y a los Estudios de Danza en/desde América Latina”
Authors: González Ignacio
Published: July 2023

Desde los años ochenta, los cultural studies han tenido una difusión y circulación internacional abrumadora. En la misma época, distintos investigadores del campo de la danza observaron no sólo que los cultural studies permitían repensar muchos de los alcances y objetos de estudio tradicionales de la historia de la danza, sino que además sus investigaciones podían realizar interesantes aportes a dichos estudios e, incluso, evitar algunas de sus críticas principales. Teniendo en cuenta la recepción que han tenido los cultural studies en América Latina, este trabajo intentará dar cuenta de un cambio epistemológico en los estudios de danza de Argentina que comparten un locus de enunciación “latinoamericano”. El artículo se estructura en tres partes, que van de lo general a lo particular (o de lo —supuestamente— “global” a lo local): en la primera, se desarrolla la emergencia de los dance studies; en la segunda, la apropiación y las principales críticas a los cultural studies en/desde América Latina; en la tercera, finalmente, a partir de un corpus acotado de textos se reflexionará sobre el mencionado cambio epistemológico que ha promovido una perspectiva histórica, situada, crítica y regional en los estudios de danza en Argentina.
A la recerca del règim jurídic de les proves de coneixement nul en la construcció de la identitat digital europea
Authors: Ramos Fernández Raül
Published: July 2023

Els protocols criptogràfics de prova de coneixement permeten acreditar l’existència, possessió o coneixement d’una dada revelant només que la declaració feta sobre ella és certa. Aquest article proposa un esquema d’investigació per definir el valor jurídic d’aquests protocols per al desenvolupament de sistemes d’identitat digital dins de la Unió Europea. La darrera esmena a la proposta de modificació del Reglament eIDAS, publicada el febrer de 2023, introdueix nous objectes jurídics: la cartera d’identitat digital europea, les declaracions electròniques d’atributs i les proves de coneixement nul, aquestes com a funcionalitat auxiliar dels dos objectes anteriors. El problema és que la proposta no estableix el règim jurídic adequat per garantir la validesa de les proves de coneixement nul davant de les autoritats supervisores. Amb l’objectiu de redreçar la situació, l’article analitza conceptes com les cadenes de blocs, la identitat digital sobirana, la proposta eIDAS 2.0 i la unió de tots aquests elements en la solució comercial d’identitat digital Hyperledger Indy. Concloem que un marc regulador de proves de coneixement nul amb tres pilars –una regulació de producte informàtic, una regla d’equivalència entre les declaracions i les dades de la cartera amb les seves transformacions matemàtiques i la possibilitat d’imposar l’acceptació d’aquestes proves– pot contribuir a obrir noves perspectives en la direcció que han de prendre els sistemes d’identitat digital de la Unió Europea i el rol que els estats han d’assumir per equilibrar seguretat pública, privacitat dels usuaris i liberalització del mercat.
Numerical Simulation of Cubic-quartic Optical Soliton Perturbation by the Laplace–Adomian Decomposition
Authors: González-Gaxiola Oswaldo , Biswas Anjan , Alshehri Hashim , Dakova Anelia
Published: July 2023

The current paper is on the numerical analysis of bright and dark cubic-quartic solitons that emerges from the Fokas–Lenells equation with Hamiltonian perturbation terms. The Kerr law of nonlinearity is the source of self-phase modulation. The adopted numerical scheme is the Laplace–Adomian decomposition.
SARS-CoV-2 uses CD4 to infect T helper lymphocytes
Authors: Brunetti Natalia S , Davanzo Gustavo G , de Moraes Diogo , Ferrari Allan JR , Souza Gabriela F , Muraro Stéfanie Primon , Knittel Thiago L , Boldrini Vinicius O , Monteiro Lauar B , Virgílio-da-Silva João Victor , Profeta Gerson S , Wassano Natália S , Nunes Santos Luana , Carregari Victor C , Dias Artur HS , Veras Flavio P , Tavares Lucas A , Forato Julia , Castro Icaro MS , Silva-Costa Lícia C , Palma André C , Mansour Eli , Ulaf Raisa G , Bernardes Ana F , Nunes Thyago A , Ribeiro Luciana C , Agrela Marcus V , Moretti Maria Luiza , Buscaratti Lucas I , Crunfli Fernanda , Ludwig Raissa G , Gerhardt Jaqueline A , Munhoz-Alves Natália , Marques Ana Maria , Sesti-Costa Renata , Amorim Mariene R , Toledo-Teixeira Daniel A , Parise Pierina Lorencini , Martini Matheus Cavalheiro , Bispos-dos-Santos Karina , Simeoni Camila L , Granja Fabiana , Silvestrini Virgínia C , de Oliveira Eduardo B , Faca Vitor M , Carvalho Murilo , Castelucci Bianca G , Pereira Alexandre B , Coimbra Laís D , Dias Marieli MG , Rodrigues Patricia B , Gomes Arilson Bernardo SP , Pereira Fabricio B , Santos Leonilda MB , Bloyet Louis-Marie , Stumpf Spencer , Pontelli Marjorie C , Whelan Sean , Sposito Andrei C , Carvalho Robson F , Vieira André S , Vinolo Marco AR , Damasio André , Velloso Licio , Figueira Ana Carolina M , da Silva Luis LP , Cunha Thiago Mattar , Nakaya Helder I , Marques-Souza Henrique , Marques Rafael E , Martins-de-Souza Daniel , Skaf Munir S , Proenca-Modena Jose Luiz , Moraes-Vieira Pedro MM , Mori Marcelo A , Farias Alessandro S
Published: July 2023

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent of a major global outbreak of respiratory tract disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infects mainly lungs and may cause several immune-related complications, such as lymphocytopenia and cytokine storm, which are associated with the severity of the disease and predict mortality. The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in immune system dysfunction is still not fully understood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infects human CD4+ T helper cells, but not CD8+ T cells, and is present in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage T helper cells of severe COVID-19 patients. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) directly binds to the CD4 molecule, which in turn mediates the entry of SARS- CoV-2 in T helper cells. This leads to impaired CD4 T cell function and may cause cell death. SARS-CoV-2-infected T helper cells express higher levels of IL-10, which is associated with viral persistence and disease severity. Thus, CD4-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of T helper cells may contribute to a poor immune response in COVID-19 patients.
RAPSYN-mediated neddylation of BCR-ABL alternatively determines the fate of Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia
Authors: Zhao Mengya , Dai Beiying , Li Xiaodong , Zhang Yixin , Qiao Chun , Qin Yaru , Li Zhao , Li Qingmei , Wang Shuzhen , Yang Yong , Chen Yijun
Published: July 2023

Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemia is a fatal hematological malignancy. Although standard treatments with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have achieved remarkable success in prolonging patient survival, intolerance, relapse, and TKI resistance remain serious issues for patients with Ph+ leukemia. Here, we report a new leukemogenic process in which RAPSYN and BCR-ABL co-occur in Ph+ leukemia, and RAPSYN mediates the neddylation of BCR-ABL. Consequently, neddylated BCR-ABL enhances the stability by competing its c-CBL-mediated degradation. Furthermore, SRC phosphorylates RAPSYN to activate its NEDD8 E3 ligase activity, promoting BCR-ABL stabilization and disease progression. Moreover, in contrast to in vivo ineffectiveness of PROTAC-based degraders, depletion of RAPSYN expression, or its ligase activity decreased BCR-ABL stability and, in turn, inhibited tumor formation and growth. Collectively, these findings represent an alternative to tyrosine kinase activity for the oncoprotein and leukemogenic cells and generate a rationale of targeting RAPSYN-mediated BCR-ABL neddylation for the treatment of Ph+ leukemia.
Construction of applied talents training system based on machine learning under the background of new liberal arts
Authors: Tang Fei
Published: July 2023

The development of the new liberal arts field places emphasis on the integration of disciplines such as humanities, engineering, medicine, and agriculture. It specifically highlights the incorporation of new technologies into the education and training of liberal arts majors like economics, law, literature, history, and philosophy. However, when dealing with complex talent data, shallow machine learning algorithms may not provide sufficiently accurate evaluations of the relationship between input and output. To address this challenge, this article introduces a comprehensive evaluation model for applied talents based on an improved Deep Belief Network (DBN). In this model, the GAAHS algorithm iteratively generates optimal values that are utilized as connection weights and biases for the restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) in the pre-training stage of the DBN. This approach ensures that the weights and biases have favorable initial values. Moreover, the paper constructs a quality evaluation index system for creative talents, which consists of four components: knowledge level, innovation practice ability, adaptability to the environment, and psychological quality. The training results demonstrate that the optimized DBN exhibits improved convergence speed and precision, thereby achieving higher accuracy in the classification of applied talent evaluations.
The tetrapod fauna of the upper Permian Naobaogou Formation of China: 10. Jimusaria monanensis sp. nov. (Dicynodontia) shows a unique epipterygoid
Authors: Shi Yu-Tai , Liu Jun
Published: July 2023

Jimusaria is the first reported Chinese dicynodont, previously only known from Xinjiang. Here we refer two specimens from the Naobaogou Formation, Nei Mongol, China to Jimusaria based on the following features: squamosal separated from supraoccipital by tabular, tabular contacting opisthotic, sharp and thin lateral dentary shelf expanding anteriorly into a thick swelling, nasals fused as single element, rod-like medial bar formed by footplate of epipterygoid connecting to the parabasisphenoid and periotic medially. A new species, J. monanensis, is named based on the diagnostic characters on these two specimens such as distinct caniniform buttress lacking posteroventral furrow, naso-frontal suture forming an anterior directed sharp angle, and converging ventral ridges on posterior portion of anterior pterygoid rami. In Jimusaria, the epipterygoid posteromedially contacts the parabasisphenoid and the periotic as a rod-like bar, a unique morphology unknown in any other dicynodonts. This structure probably increases the stability of the palatal complex. A similar structure might also appear in other dicynodonts as a cartilage connection. The new occurrence of Jimusaria increases the diversity of the tetrapod assemblage from the Naobaogou Formation, and further strengthens the connection between the tetrapod faunas from Nei Mongol and Xinjiang. Based on the current record, Jimusaria is one of the few tetrapod genera which survived in the end-Permian mass extinction.
Gender Analysis of Cattle Farmers’ Participation in Cattle Production in Bauchi and Yobe States, Nigeria
Authors: Umar Y. A. , Abu I. A. , Sani M. H. , Idi S. , Owoade E. O.
Published: July 2023

The study analyzed the participation of male and female cattle farmers in cattle production in Bauchi and Yobe States Nigeria. A snowball technique was used in selecting one hundred and twenty (120) sample of farmers comprising forty (40) males and twenty (20) females from each of Bauchi and Yobe States respectively. Data on socioeconomic characteristics and participation in cattle production were collected using an interview schedule between April and June of 2021. The results reveal that male and female cattle farmers in Bauchi and Yobe States were active producers with mean age in years of 48.9 (males), 42.3 (females), 44.4 (males) and 41.4 (females) in Bauchi and Yobe States respectively. Male farmers had more cattle (x=38 in Bauchi and `x=20 in Yobe) than their female counterparts (`x=6 in Bauchi and`x= 2 in Yobe). The majority of farmers (male = 95%, female = 100%, male = 65%, female = 80%) in Bauchi and Yobe States respectively had no contact with extension but all farmers (100%) had membership of cooperatives. Male (`x=11.18) and female (`x=11.25) cattle farmers in Yobe State participated in cattle production more than male (x=9.78) and female (x=8.00) cattle farmers in Bauchi State. Both male (x=0.00) and female (x=0.00) farmers in Bauchi and Yobe States did not participate at all in breeding and artificial insemination. There was a significant difference (t = 2.223, p ˂ 0.05) in participation of male and female cattle farmers in cattle production in Bauchi State. There was no significant difference (t = -0.104, p ˃ 0.05) in cattle production between male and female cattle farmers in Yobe State. There was no participation in highly technical activities like breeding and artificial insemination. It was recommended that cattle farmers should leverage their membership of cooperative societies in accessing adult education especially in cattle production, credits and extension services and seek training in breeding and artificial insemination.
DNA Barcodes for Estimation of Species Phylogeny in Some Rails (Gruiformes: Rallidae)
Authors: Deef Lamiaa Elsayed Mokhtar , Omar Nahed Ahmed , Khattab Ghada Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Genetic datasets and evolutionary information for rails are scarce, and genetic studies for them are very sparse and insufficient compared to their widespread use in different zones. Therefore, the phylogenetic lineages among five species of rails belonging to the family Rallidae from Egypt were estimated and evaluated using DNA barcoding, for the first time. In the present study, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data were analyzed for these rails. Based on 16S rRNA and RAG-1 sequences, phylogenetic trees were constructed using the Maximum Evolution method, revealing that there were two separate genetic clusters, one cluster for Rallus aquaticus, Crex crex, Porzana parva and Porzana pusilla and the second cluster for Porzana porzana. Crex crex and Rallus aquaticus were laid in one clade and formed a sister group. Moreover, Porzana parva and Porzana pusilla formed another sister clade. This study demonstrated the ability of 16S rRNA and RAG-1 genes to identify rails, as well as deducing the genetic relationship between them. The present work is considered a contribution to enriching the genetic relationships among the studied species.
Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Withania somnifera in Equine
Authors: Yadav Prerna , Meena Dharm Singh , Tanwar Reenu , Bargujar Jitendra , Dedar R. K.
Published: July 2023

Aims: The present research was done to evaluate the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in equine. Herbal antioxidants have gained popularity due to their potency and safety, and oxidative stress is a condition that is more prevalent in horses performing physical activities.

Methods: Twenty clinically healthy horses were selected and equally divided into treatment and control group consisting of 10 animals in each. An aqueous extract was prepared from dried root powder of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and was continuously administered orally for 15 days to treatment group animals @ 100 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected on 0 th, 8th, and 16th day from both the treatment and control group. The plasma was used for the determination of enzymatic oxidants (Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and Vitamin C).

Results: A non-significant increase in the values of Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), and Vitamin C were observed after administration of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera.

Conclusion: Administration of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera not significantly modulated the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.
O conceito de subcentro
Authors: Mariz Ferreira Heloísa
Published: July 2023

Os subcentros são parte da estrutura urbana da cidade capitalista, desde o século XX, e têm sido analisados e conceituados por pesquisadores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Na Geografia, as investigações identificaram elementos universais, que embasaram teórica e metodologicamente grande número de outras pesquisas. A partir dos anos de 1970, as transformações da estrutura e da centralidade intraurbana têm implicado, todavia, novos papéis e funções aos subcentros que os diferenciam das primeiras conceituações, exigindo comparações e contrapontos à literatura consolidada. Como contribuição a esse debate, realizamos revisão bibliográfica, com o levantamento das primeiras análises empíricas, conceituações e estudos de caso mais recentes, no âmbito da Geografia brasileira. A partir disso, destacamos novas características e diferentes tipos de subcentros, o que demanda a reflexão acerca das permanências e das transformações dos subcentros na cidade contemporânea.
Polypharmacy and Deprescribing
Authors: Vordenberg Sarah E. , Malani Preeti N. , Kullgren Jeffrey T.
Published: July 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes the problem of polypharmacy and its consequences, and how deprescribing can reduce polypharmacy.
Accuracy of Electronic Health Record–Documented Aspirin for Primary Prevention in Adult Outpatients
Authors: Chipalkatti Naina , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Davie Adam , Griggs Jennifer J. , Harrod Molly , Medaugh Christine , Schaefer Jordan K.
Published: July 2023

This quality improvement study examines the accuracy of electronic health record (EHR) documentation of aspirin use for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adult outpatients.
Predictive values of spinal cord diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to characterize outcomes after contusion injury
Authors: Ahmed Rakib Uddin , Medina‐Aguinaga Daniel , Adams Shawns , Knibbe Chase A. , Morgan Monique , Gibson Destiny , Kim Joo‐won , Sharma Mayur , Chopra Manpreet , Davison Steven , Sherwood Leslie C. , Negahdar M.J. , Bert Robert , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Hubscher Charles , Budde Matthew D. , Xu Junqian , Boakye Maxwell
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To explore filtered diffusion‐weighted imaging (fDWI), in comparison with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), as a predictor for long‐term locomotor and urodynamic (UD) outcomes in Yucatan minipig model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Additionally, electrical conductivity of neural tissue using D‐waves above and below the injury was measured to assess correlations between fDWI and D‐waves data.

Methods

Eleven minipigs with contusion SCI at T8‐T10 level underwent MRI at 3T 4 h. post‐SCI. Parameters extracted from region of interest analysis included Daxial from fDWI at injury site, fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity from DTI above the injury site along with measures of edema length and cord width at injury site from T2‐weighted images. Locomotor recovery was assessed pre‐ and weekly post‐SCI through porcine thoracic injury behavior scale (PTIBS) and UD were performed pre‐ and at 12 weeks of SCI. D‐waves latency and amplitude differences were recorded before and immediately after SCI.

Results

Two groups of pigs were found based on the PTIBS at week 12 (p < 0.0001) post‐SCI and were labeled “poor” and “good” recovery. D‐waves amplitude decreased below injury and increased above injury. UD outcomes pre/post SCI changed significantly. Conventional MRI metrics from T2‐weighted images were significantly correlated with diffusion MRI metrics. Daxial at injury epicenter was diminished by over 50% shortly after SCI, and it differentiated between good and poor locomotor recovery and UD outcomes.

Interpretation

Similar to small animal studies, fDWI from acute imaging after SCI is a promising predictor for functional outcomes in large animals.
Functional Materials to Overcome Bacterial Barriers and Models to Advance Their Development
Authors: Bali Aghiad , Kamal Mohamed A. M. , Mulla Glorjen , Loretz Brigitta , Lehr Claus‐Michael
Published: July 2023

With the emerging problem of antimicrobial resistance, the world is facing a slow but dangerous pandemic. While the discovery of novel antibiotics is reaching a nearly exhaustive end, new concepts for anti‐infective drugs are emerging. So‐called pathoblockers aim to de‐weaponize bacteria rather than just killing them. As the target of these molecules is typically located intracellularly, however, hitherto almost unnoticed biological barriers are emerging such as the biofilm matrix, the bacterial cell envelope, efflux pumps, and eventual bacterial metabolism. This leads to a new paradigm that is to maximize bacterial bioavailability. To overcome the bacterial barriers, especially when further optimization of the active molecules is not possible, functional materials are needed to engineer innovative delivery systems. Those may not only enable novel anti‐infective molecules to reach their targets, but will also improve the bacterial bioavailability of existing anti‐infectives. Additionally, there is a need for better infection models that allow studying drug effects on both the bacteria and the host in a relevant manner as needed for rational anti‐infective drug development.
Achieving Organic Solar Cells with an Efficiency of 18.80% by Reducing Nonradiative Energy Loss and Tuning Active Layer Morphology
Authors: Si Xiaodong , Huang Yuzhong , Shi Wendi , Wang Ruohan , Ma Kangqiao , Zhang Yunxin , Wu Simin , Yao Zhaoyang , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng
Published: July 2023

The efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) is primarily limited by their significant nonradiative energy loss and unfavorable active layer morphology. Achieving high‐efficiency OSCs by suppressing nonradiative energy loss and tuning the active layer morphology remains a challenging task. In this study, an acceptor named CH‐ThCl is designed, featuring an extended conjugation central core, dichlorodithienoquinoxaline. The incorporation of chlorine‐substituted extended conjugation in the central core enhances the acceptor's rigidity and promotes J‐aggregation, leading to improved molecular luminescent efficiency and a reduction in nonradiative energy loss. A binary device based on PM6: CH‐ThCl demonstrates a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.16% and exhibits a high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.934 V, attributed to the remarkably low nonradiative energy loss of 0.21 eV. Furthermore, a ternary device is fabricated by incorporating CH‐6F as the third component, resulting in a significantly enhanced PCE of 18.80%. The ternary device exhibits improvements in short‐circuit current (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) while maintaining the Voc, primarily due to the optimized active layer morphology. These results highlight the effectiveness of combining the reduction of nonradiative energy loss and precise tuning of the active layer morphology as a viable strategy for achieving high‐efficiency OSCs.
Fiber Microarchitecture in Interpenetrating Collagen–Alginate Hydrogel with Tunable Mechanical Plasticity Regulates Tumor Cell Migration
Authors: Wei Zhao , Liu Jingyi , Jia Yuanbo , Lei Meng , Zhang Songbai , Xi Pan , Ma Yufei , Zhang Min , Ma Jinlu , Wang Lin , Guo Hui , Xu Feng
Published: July 2023

The fiber structures of tumor microenvironment (TME) are well‐known in regulating tumor cell behaviors, and the plastic remolding of TME has recently been suggested to enhance tumor metastasis as well. However, the interrelationship between the fiber microarchitecture and matrix plasticity is inextricable by existing in vitro models. The individual roles of fiber microarchitecture and matrix plasticity in tuning tumor cell behaviors remain elusive. This study develops an interpenetrating collagen–alginate hydrogel platform with independently tunable matrix plasticity and fiber microarchitecture through an interpenetrating strategy of alginate networks and collagen I networks. With this hydrogel platform, it is demonstrated that tumor cells in high plasticity hydrogels are more extensive and aggressive than in low plasticity hydrogels and fiber structures only have influence in high plasticity hydrogels. The study further elucidates the underlying mechanisms through analyzing the distribution of forces within the matrix and tracking the focal adhesions (FAs) and finds that highly plastic hydrogels can activate the FAs formation, whereas the maturation and stability of FAs are dominated by fiber dispersion. This study not only establishes new ideas on how cells interact with TME cues but also would help to further finely tailor engineered hydrogel platforms for studying tumor behaviors in vitro.
Liquid Crystals Doped with Chiral Fluorescent Polymer: Multi‐Color Circularly Polarized Fluorescence and Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence with High Dissymmetry Factor and Anti‐Counterfeiting Application
Authors: Wang Xujie , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping
Published: July 2023

Chiral nematic liquid crystals (N*‐LCs) can tremendously amplify circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals. Doped emissive N*‐LCs have been substantially explored. However, their CPL performances still need to be improved, mainly due to the unsatisfying helical twisting power (HTP) of commonly used chiral fluorescent dopants. Chiral fluorescent helical polymers (CFHPs) have outstanding optical activity and CPL performance. The present contribution reports the first success in constructing emissive N*‐LCs by doping CFHP into nematic liquid crystals (5CB, N‐LCs). The helical assembly structures of N*‐LCs effectively amplify the CPL signals of the CFHP. Owing to the high HTP of CFHP, the selective reflection band of N*‐LC can be adjusted to fully cover its emission band. A nearly pure CPL with a dissymmetry factor (glum) up to −1.87 is realized at 9 wt% doping concentration. Taking advantage of the selective reflection mechanism, multi‐color CPL‐active N*‐LCs with high glum are fabricated via further adding achiral fluorophores. Also noticeably, circularly polarized room‐temperature phosphorescence with glum up to −1.57 is achieved. Anti‐counterfeiting application is demonstrated by exploiting multi‐mode optical characteristics of the created N*‐LCs. The established strategy for constructing emissive N*‐LCs provides a platform for future exploring of CPL‐active N*‐LCs.
Negative Photoresponse Switching via Electron–Hole Recombination at The Type III Junction of MoTe2 Channel/SnS2 Top Layer
Authors: Jeong Yeonsu , Kim Taewook , Cho Hyunmin , Ahn Jongtae , Hong Sungjae , Hwang Do Kyung , Im Seongil
Published: July 2023

Extensive study on 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions has primarily focused on PN diodes for fast‐switching photodetection, while achieving the same from 2D channel phototransistors is rare despite their other advantages. Here, a high‐speed phototransistor featuring a type III junction between p‐MoTe2 channel and n‐SnS2 top layer is designed. The photodetecting device operates with a basis of negative photoresponse (NPR), which originates from the recombination of photoexcited electrons in n‐SnS2 and accumulated holes in the p‐MoTe2 channel. For the NPR to occur, high‐energy photons capable of exciting SnS2 (band gap ≈2.2 eV) are found to be effective because lower‐energy photons simply penetrate the SnS2 top layer only to excite MoTe2, leading to normal positive photoresponse (PPR) which is known to be slow due to the photogating effects. The NPR transistor showcases 0.5 ms fast photoresponses and a high responsivity over 5000 A W−1. More essentially, such carrier recombination mechanism is clarified with three experimental evidences. The phototransistor is finally modified with Au contact on n‐SnS2, to be a more practical device displaying voltage output. Three different photo‐logic states under blue, near infrared (NIR), and blue‐NIR mixed photons are demonstrated using the voltage signals.
Inter‐Shell Sliding in Individual Few‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Wang Haomin , Jian Muqiang , Li Shuo , Liang Xiaoping , Lu Haojie , Xia Kailun , Zhu Mengjia , Wu Yang , Zhang Yingying
Published: July 2023

Few‐walled carbon nanotube (FWCNT) is composed of a few coaxial shells of CNTs with different diameters. The shells in one tube can slide relatively to each other under external forces, potentially leading to regulated electrical properties, which are never explored due to experimental difficulties. In this work, the electromechanical response induced by inter‐shell sliding of individual CNTs is studied and revealed the linear electrical current variation for the first time. Based on centimeter‐long FWCNTs grown through chemical vapor deposition, controllable and reversible inter‐shell sliding is realized while simultaneously recording the electrical current. Reversible and linear current variation with inter‐shell sliding is observed, which is consistent with the proposed inter‐shell tunneling model. Further, a silk fibroin‐assisted transfer technique is developed for long CNTs and realized the fabrication of FWCNT‐based flexible devices. Tensile stress can be applied on the FWCNTs@silk film encapsulated in elastic silicone to induce inter‐shell sliding and thus controls electrical current, which is demonstrated to serve as a new human–machine interface with high reliability. Besides, it is foreseen that the electromechanical behaviors induced by inter‐layer sliding in 1D nanotubes may also be extended to 2D layered materials, shedding new light on the fabrication of novel electronics.
Porous Platform Inks for Fast and High‐Resolution 3D Printing of Stationary Phases for Downstream Processing
Authors: Conti Mariachiara , Symington Jodie A. , Pullen James R. , Mravljak Rok , Podgornik Aleš , Dimartino Simone
Published: July 2023

Purifications of biologics can be improved using 3D printed stationary phases with perfectly ordered morphology. However, limited spatial resolution and lack of porous materials have hindered application of additive manufacturing in bioprocessing. To bridge this gap, digital light processing and polymerization‐induced phase separation are combined to fabricate platform materials with bed morphology at the micrometer scale, and porous network in the nanometer scale. Four different porous inks are developed, 3D printed, and characterized in terms of their rheological behaviour, polymerization kinetics, and printing resolution. Rapid 3D printing (down to 1 h) is achieved at scale (up to 100 mL column) of porous supports (50% porosity) at high resolution (up to 50 µm for linear features and 200 µm for complex geometries). 3D‐printed gyroids are chemically functionalized with various ion exchange ligands. These are successfully challenged for i) the separation of model proteins in dynamic conditions and ii) protein capture from a clarified cell harvest, demonstrating dynamic binding capacities between 5 and 16 mg mL−1 and up to 86% purity in a single run. This work introduces a rapid and facile approach to 3D printing porous inks to fabricate perfectly ordered stationary phases for downstream processing.