bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear deformation and localized failure of bacterial streamers in creeping flows
Authors: Biswas Ishita , Ghosh Ranajay , Sadrzadeh Mohtada , Kumar Aloke
Published: August 2016

We investigate the failure of bacterial floc mediated streamers in a microfluidic device in a creeping flow regime using both experimental observations and analytical modeling. The quantification of streamer deformation and failure behavior is possible due to the use of 200 nm fluorescent polystyrene beads which firmly embed in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and act as tracers. The streamers, which form soon after the commencement of flow begin to deviate from an apparently quiescent fully formed state in spite of steady background flow and limited mass accretion indicating significant mechanical nonlinearity. This nonlinear behavior shows distinct phases of deformation with mutually different characteristic times and comes to an end with a distinct localized failure of the streamer far from the walls. We investigate this deformation and failure behavior for two separate bacterial strains and develop a simplified but nonlinear analytical model describing the experimentally observed instability phenomena assuming a necking route to instability. Our model leads to a power law relation between the critical strain at failure and the fluid velocity scale exhibiting excellent qualitative and quantitative agreeing with the experimental rupture behavior.
Invasion of moso bamboo into a Japanese cedar plantation affects the chemical composition and humification of soil organic matter
Authors: Wang Hsueh-Ching , Tian Guanglong , Chiu Chih-Yu
Published: August 2016

Bamboo, which has dense culms and root rhizome systems, can alter soil properties when it invades adjacent forests. Therefore, this study investigated whether bamboo invasions can cause changes in soil organic matter (SOM) composition and soil humification. We combined solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy and chemical analysis to examine the SOM in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and adjacent bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) plantation. Bamboo reduced soil organic C (SOC) content, compared to the cedar plantation. The value of ∆logK (ratio of absorbance of humic acids at 400 and 600 nm) was cedar > transition zone > bamboo soils. Our results indicated that bamboo increased SOM humification, which could be due to the fast decomposition of bamboo litter with the high labile C. Furthermore, intensive management in the bamboo plantation could enhance the humification as well. Overall, litter type can control an ecosystem’s SOC nature, as reflected by the finding that higher labile C in bamboo litter contributed the higher ratios of labile C to SOC and lower ratios of recalcitrant C to SOC in bamboo soils compared with cedar soils. The invasion of bamboo into the Japanese cedar plantation accelerated the degradation of SOM.
The interplay of crack hopping, delamination and interface failure in drying nanoparticle films
Authors: Yang Bin , Sharp James S. , Smith Mike I.
Published: August 2016

Films formed through the drying of nanoparticle suspensions release the build-up of strain through a variety of different mechanisms including shear banding, crack formation and delamination. Here we show that important connections exist between these different phenomena: delamination depends on the dynamics of crack hopping, which in turn is influenced by the presence of shear bands. We also show that delamination does not occur uniformly across the film. As cracks hop they locally initiate the delamination of the film which warps with a timescale much longer than that associated with the hopping of cracks. The motion of a small region of the delamination front, where the shear component of interfacial crack propagation is believed to be enhanced, results in the deposition of a complex zig-zag pattern on the supporting substrate.
Electron–phonon coupling in engineered magnetic molecules
Authors: Iancu Violeta , Schouteden Koen , Li Zhe , Van Haesendonck Chris
Published: August 2016

We probe electron–phonon coupling in CoTPyP and CrTPyP synthesized magnetic molecules. Low temperatures STS reveals pronounced Kondo resonances at zero bias in both molecules and additional Kondo resonance replicas observed at higher voltages in vibrating CoTPyP molecules.
Development and substrate specificity screening of an in vivo biosensor for the detection of biomass derived aromatic chemical building blocks
Authors: Machado Leopoldo F. M. , Dixon Neil
Published: August 2016

To facilitate the screening of chemical, enzymatic, and cellular processes to degrade and valorize plant biomass a whole cell biosensor was developed to detect lignin-derived substrates.
Asymmetric chlorination of 4-substituted pyrazolones catalyzed by natural cinchona alkaloid
Authors: Bao Xiaoze , Wei Shiqiang , Zou Liwei , He Yuli , Xue Fuzhao , Qu Jingping , Wang Baomin
Published: August 2016

A natural quinidine catalyzed asymmetric chlorination of 4-substituted pyrazolones was revealed in high yield and excellent enantioselectivity.
Interface engineering via an insulating polymer for highly efficient and environmentally stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wen Xiaoru , Wu Jiamin , Ye Meidan , Gao Di , Lin Changjian
Published: August 2016

A tunnelling contact of polystyrene nanofilm was firstly introduced for the first time at the interface of perovskite/hole transfer layer, leading to a significantly reduced charge recombination.
Fast preparation of ultrafine monolayered transition-metal dichalcogenide quantum dots using electrochemical shock for explosive detection
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Tao Zhengxu , Cong Shan , Hou Junyu , Zhang Dengsong , Geng Fengxia , Zhao Zhigang
Published: August 2016

A simple, general and fast method called “electrochemical shock” is developed to prepare monolayered transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) QDs with an average size of 2–4 nm and an average thickness of 0.85 ± 0.5 nm with only about 10 min of ultrasonication.
QM/MM calculations on a newly synthesised oxyluciferin substrate: new insights into the conformational effect
Authors: Berraud-Pache Romain , Navizet Isabelle
Published: August 2016

QM/MM calculations and MD give insights into the light emission of firefly oxyluciferin and into a modified red analogue.
A novel mechanism of spin-orientation dependence of O2 reactivity from first principles methods
Authors: Escaño M. C. S. , Kasai H.
Published: August 2016

A novel mechanism of oxygen reaction on a metal surface beyond the present charge transfer or hybridization mechanism, spin-orientation dependence via a coupling mechanism due to the finite spin moment of O2 at the transition state, is obtained using a combination of spin density functional theory (SDFT) and constrained DFT.
Single ion magnets based on lanthanoid polyoxomolybdate complexes
Authors: Baldoví José J. , Duan Yan , Bustos Carlos , Cardona-Serra Salvador , Gouzerh Pierre , Villanneau Richard , Gontard Geoffrey , Clemente-Juan Juan M. , Gaita-Ariño Alejandro , Giménez-Saiz Carlos , Proust Anna , Coronado Eugenio
Published: August 2016

Organic solubility of these POMs enhances the chemical processability into molecular spintronic devices.
Lanthanide coordination frameworks constructed from 3,3′,4,4′-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic and 1,10-phenanthroline: synthesis, crystal structures and luminescence properties
Authors: Li Chuan-Ti , Zhao Yi-Fan , Hu Huai-Ming , Zhao Hui , Wang Xiaofang , Xue Ganglin
Published: August 2016

Tb3+-Doped Eu3+ MOFs exhibit efficient white light emission and Tb-MOF displays a highly sensitive response toward Fe3+ ions.
Boron complexes of aromatic ring fused iminopyrrolyl ligands: synthesis, structure, and luminescence properties
Authors: Suresh D. , Ferreira Bruno , Lopes Patrícia S. , Gomes Clara S. B. , Krishnamoorthy Paramasivam , Charas Ana , Vila-Viçosa Diogo , Morgado Jorge , Calhorda Maria José , Maçanita António L. , Gomes Pedro T.
Published: August 2016

New fluorescent aromatic ring-fused 2-iminopyrrolyl diphenyl boron complexes are emitters in the range blue to orange.
High efficiency Bi2Te3-based materials and devices for thermoelectric power generation between 100 and 300 °C
Authors: Hao Feng , Qiu Pengfei , Tang Yunshan , Bai Shengqiang , Xing Tong , Chu Hsu-Shen , Zhang Qihao , Lu Ping , Zhang Tiansong , Ren Dudi , Chen Jikun , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong
Published: August 2016

High efficiency Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials and devices with energy conversion efficiencies of up to 6.0% under a temperature gradient of 217 K.
A 3D bi-functional porous N-doped carbon microtube sponge electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Li Jin-Cheng , Hou Peng-Xiang , Zhao Shi-Yong , Liu Chang , Tang Dai-Ming , Cheng Min , Zhang Feng , Cheng Hui-Ming
Published: August 2016

A flexible, dictyophora-like sponge of porous N-doped carbon microtubes demonstrates excellent electrocatalytic activities for both the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction.
Heterogeneous Ru(iii) oxidation catalysts via ‘click’ bidentate ligands on a periodic mesoporous organosilica support
Authors: Clerick Sander , De Canck Els , Hendrickx Kevin , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: August 2016

A 100% monoallyl ring-type Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica (PMO) is prepared as a novel, versatile and exceptionally stable catalytic support with a high internal surface area and 5.0 nm pores.
Highly selective biocatalytic synthesis of monoacylglycerides in sponge-like ionic liquids
Authors: Lozano Pedro , Gomez Celia , Nieto Susana , Sanchez-Gomez Gregorio , García-Verdugo Eduardo , Luis Santiago V.
Published: August 2016

Monoacylglycerides are biocatalytically synthesized by direct esterification in sponge-like ionic liquids with high selectivity (e.g. up to 100% monolaurin in [C12mim][BF4]).
Metal-catalyzed oxidation of Aβ and the resulting reorganization of Cu binding sites promote ROS production
Authors: Cheignon Clémence , Faller Peter , Testemale Denis , Hureau Christelle , Collin Fabrice
Published: August 2016

Aβ oxidation due to HO˙ production by Cu–Aβ/ascorbate changes copper coordination and leads to the self-enhancement of HO˙ production and release.
A europium(iii)-based metal–organic framework as a naked-eye and fast response luminescence sensor for acetone and ferric iron
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Jingru , Li Yang , Jiang Min , Zhang Lingwen , Wu Pengyan
Published: August 2016

A europium(iii)-based MOF as an efficient dual sensor for acetone and Fe3+ detection, and the sensing mechanism of both is discussed.
Poly(d,l-lactic acid)-block-poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) nanoparticles for overcoming accelerated blood clearance and achieving efficient anti-tumor therapy
Authors: Du Nan , Guo Wenxuan , Yu Qingsong , Guan Shuli , Guo Linyi , Shen Tong , Tang Hao , Gan Zhihua
Published: August 2016

The substitution of PEG with PHPMA maintained the long circulation of PDLLA-b-PEG and alleviated the accelerated blood clearance (ABC).
Structural modifications induced by an in vitro maturation process in zona pellucida glycoproteins of bovine oocytes. A Raman microspectroscopy analysis
Authors: Rizo G. , Roldán-Olarte M. , Miceli D. C. , Jiménez L. E. , Álvarez R. M. S.
Published: August 2016

Raman microspectroscopy is useful for discrimination between immature andin vitromatured bovine oocytes. Modifications in the glycoproteins of the zona pellucida exerted by the maturation methods might influence the process ofin vitroproduction.
Cross-reactive, self-encoded polymer film arrays for sensor applications
Authors: Fitzgerald Jessica E. , Zhu Jintao , Bravo-Vasquez Juan Pablo , Fenniri Hicham
Published: August 2016

Simple and versatile spectroscopically-encoded styrene-based polymers are the basis for advanced e-Nose sensor array technology.
Based on the performance of hydrotalcite as anode material for a Zn–Ni secondary cell, a modification: PPY coated Zn–Al–LDH was adopted
Authors: Yan Jie , Yang Zhanhong
Published: August 2016

Polypyrrole-coated, layered double hydroxide was successfully synthesized by the polymerization of pyrrole in the slurry of hydrotalcite under ultrasonication and stirring.
HD-2D: routine high-dispersion two-dimensional NMR spectra at no extra cost
Authors: Aguilar Juan A. , Belda Raquel , Botana Adolfo , Kenwright Alan M.
Published: August 2016

The synergic use of pure shift NMR techniques and compressive sensing (compressed NMR) allows the recording of two-dimensional NMR spectra with much higher dispersion (effective resolution) than can be achieved using conventional techniques.
Removal of mercury(ii) and methylene blue from a wastewater environment with magnetic graphene oxide: adsorption kinetics, isotherms and mechanism
Authors: Guo Yongfu , Deng Juan , Zhu Junyan , Zhou Xiaoji , Bai Renbi
Published: August 2016

The magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) has maximum adsorption capacities of 71.3 and 306.5 mg g−1 for Hg(ii) and methylene blue, respectively. And MGO has a magnetization of 31.5 emu g−1, easily separated from solutions via exterior magnets.
Thaixylomolins O–R: four new limonoids from the Trang mangrove, Xylocarpus moluccensis
Authors: Dai Yi-Guo , Li Wan-Shan , Pedpradab Patchara , Liu Jun-Jun , Wu Jun , Shen Li
Published: August 2016

Four new limonoids, including two novel phragmalin 8,9,12-orthoesters, were identified from the seeds of Thai mangrove, Xylocarpus moluccensis.
Lanthanide MOFs constructed based on a difunctional ligand with bimodal emission and Eu3+ doped Dy3+ materials: white emission and color tuning
Authors: Xiao Peng , Wang Ping , Fan Rui Qing , Du Xi , Chen Wei , Zhang Hui Jie , Song Yang , Yang Yu Lin
Published: August 2016

A new strategy for multicolor materials by Dy and Eu cations.
Reactor production of no-carrier-added199Au for biomedical applications
Authors: Vimalnath K. V. , Chakraborty Sudipta , Dash Ashutosh
Published: August 2016

This investigation described development of a technology for the reactor production of no-carrier-added (NCA)199Au using natural Pt target followed by chemical separation of199Au employing liquid–liquid extraction (LLX) using ethyl acetate.
Transporter engineering and enzyme evolution for pyruvate production fromd/l-alanine with a whole-cell biocatalyst expressingl-amino acid deaminase from Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Hossain Gazi Sakir , Shin Hyun-dong , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian , Liu Long
Published: August 2016

Pyruvate, which has been widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical industries, can be produced by “one-step pyruvate production” method fromd/l-alanine with a whole-cellE. colibiocatalyst expressingl-amino acid deaminase (pm1) fromProteus mirabilis.
Preparation and characterization of PbO2electrodes modified with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
Authors: Li Xiaoliang , Xu Hao , Yan Wei
Published: August 2016

Novel PbO2electrodes were successfully synthesized with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) modification through electro-deposition technology.
New dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one based Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors
Authors: Terracciano S. , Foglia A. , Chini M. G. , Vaccaro M. C. , Russo A. , Piaz F. Dal , Saturnino C. , Riccio R. , Bifulco G. , Bruno I.
Published: August 2016

The inhibition of the C-terminal domain of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is emerging as a novel strategy for cancer therapy, therefore the identification of a new class of C-terminal inhibitors is strongly required.
Synthesis of coral-like Fe2N@C nanoparticles and application in sodium ion batteries as a novel anode electrode material
Authors: Liu Sailin , Liu Jun , Wang Wenjun , Yang Linyu , Zhu Kunjie , Wang Hao
Published: August 2016

Fast development of low-cost sodium ion batteries (SIBs) has boosted research efforts to identify proper anode materials, and now more attention is paid to carbon composites with better performance than simplex compounds.
Rational design of an efficient one-pot synthesis of 6H-pyrrolo[2,3,4-gh]perimidines in polyphosphoric acid
Authors: Aksenov Alexander V. , Aksenov Nicolai A. , Ovcharov Dmitrii S. , Aksenov Dmitrii A. , Griaznov Georgii , Voskressensky Leonid G. , Rubin Michael
Published: August 2016

Several highly efficient one-pot synthetic protocols were developed, enabling polyphosphoric acid-activated nitroalkanes to act as electrophiles in reactions with aminonapthalenes.
Synthesis, crystal structure and hydrolysis of novel isomeric cage (P–C/P–O)-phosphoranes on the basis of 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-diphenylethoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane and hexafluoroacetone
Authors: Khasiyatullina Nadezhda R. , Mironov Vladimir F. , Krivolapov Dmitry B. , Mironova Ekaterina V. , Gnezdilov Oleg I.
Published: August 2016

New rearrangement of P–C-isomer to P–O-isomer in cage phosphoranes series with a high stereoselectivity (>96%) is revealed.
Co-ZIF-9/TiO2 nanostructure for superior CO2 photoreduction activity
Authors: Yan Shensuo , Ouyang Shuxin , Xu Hua , Zhao Ming , Zhang Xueliang , Ye Jinhua
Published: August 2016

The well-designed Co-ZIF-9/TiO2 nanostructure exhibits superior CO2 photoreduction activity due to its better CO2 activation ability and enhanced charge separation efficiency.
Fabrication of hierarchical iron-containing MnO2 hollow microspheres assembled by thickness-tunable nanosheets for efficient phosphate removal
Authors: Ge Xiao , Song Xiangyang , Ma Yue , Zhou Hongjian , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Haimin , Zhang Yunxia , Zhao Huijun , Wong Po Keung
Published: August 2016

Hierarchical flower-like iron containing γ-MnO2 hollow microspheres assembled by thickness-tunable nanosheets have been successfully fabricated, demonstrating the morphology-dependent phosphate removal performance.
Theoretical exploration of novel catalyst support materials for fuel cell applications
Authors: Xia Xin , Yates Jane L. R. , Jones Glenn , Sarwar Misbah , Harkness Ian , Thompsett David
Published: August 2016

(Left) The atomic model of oxygen adsorption on the MX supported Pt overlayer film. (Right) Support material selection through the Pt wetting ability parameterδand oxygen binding energy, ΔE*[O]. The dashed line corresponds to the wetting parameterδ0of the unsupported Pt(111) surface. The red line denotes the apex of ORR activity.
Shape-controllable plano-convex lenses with enhanced transmittance via electrowetting on a nanotextured dielectric
Authors: Li Xiangmeng , Li Xiangming , Shao Jinyou , Tian Hongmiao , Jiang Chengbao , Luo Yu , Wang Li , Ding Yucheng
Published: August 2016

Millimetre-scale plano-convex lenses with controllable focal lengths are presentedviairreversible electrowetting of UV-curable polymer droplets on a nanotextured dielectric.
Beta‐divergence based two‐phase segmentation model for synthetic aperture radar images
Authors: Woo H.
Published: August 2016

A general two‐phase segmentation model (beta‐CCV) for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is introduced. The proposed model is based on the beta‐divergence similarity measure and the convex‐relaxed Chan–Vese model. The main advantage of beta‐divergence with non‐positive value of beta is that it is an expedient similarity measure for high dynamic range SAR images with strong scatterers. In addition, due to the global optimum property of beta‐divergence, naturally merge the beta‐divergence similarity measure into the convex‐relaxed Chan–Vese model. Hence, we can find solutions of beta‐CCV in a more stable way through convex optimisation. The proposed beta‐CCV model shows overall better performance than the state‐of‐the‐art segmentation method.
Input‐parallel output‐series DC–DC converter for non‐isolated high step‐up applications
Authors: Hu Xuefeng , Li Linpeng , Li Yongchao , Wu Guiyang
Published: August 2016

A high voltage conversion ratio interleaved boost converter is proposed with connecting input in parallel and output in series. By introducing coupled‐inductor and diode‐capacitor techniques, the converter can further extend the voltage gain. Because of the interleaved structure, the input current ripple can be reduced significantly, alleviating the electromagnetic interference problem. The test results of a 200 W prototype are provided and high efficiency above 93.5% is achieved.
Circularly polarised multiservice RFID antenna
Authors: Kizhekke Pakkathillam Jayaram , Kanagasabai Malathi
Published: August 2016

A multiservice radio‐frequency identification (RFID) antenna with wideband axial ratio (AR) response around 2.4 GHz is presented in this study. This antenna offers dual band operation. The prototype follows a configuration constituting a driven element (radiator) and a parasitic element. The first band offers a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) bandwidth (3:1) of 183 MHz (0.85–1.04 GHz). The VSWR bandwidth (3:1) for the second band is 2.77 GHz (2–4.77 GHz). It also offers a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 1.1 GHz (2.1–3.2 GHz). The 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 0.9 GHz (2.1–3 GHz) and cross‐polarisation in the second band makes this antenna suitable for 2.4 GHz RFID reader applications. The other services supported by the proposed antenna include global system for mobile communication (0.88–0.96 GHz), long‐term evolution (2.3–2.4 GHz), wireless fidelity (2.4–2.5 GHz), bluetooth low energy (2.4 GHz) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (3.5 GHz). To extract the multiservice characteristics, it is necessary to integrate this antenna to a handheld computing platform. For assessing the performance in such a platform, the prototype is optimised and merged with a larger ground plane of size 170 mm × 130 mm and studied in the course of this study.
Mixed-derivative skewness for high Prandtl and Reynolds numbers in homogeneous isotropic turbulence
Authors: Briard Antoine , Gomez Thomas
Published: August 2016

The mixed-derivative skewness Suθ of a passive scalar field in high Reynolds and Prandtl numbers decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence is studied numerically using eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian closure, for Reλ ≥ 103 up to Pr = 105. A convergence of Suθ for Pr ≥ 103 is observed for any high enough Reynolds number. This asymptotic high Pr regime can be interpreted as a saturation of the mixing properties of the flow at small scales. The decay of the derivative skewnesses from high to low Reynolds numbers and the influence of large scales initial conditions are investigated as well.
The temperature dependence of intermediate range oxygen-oxygen correlations in liquid water
Authors: Schlesinger Daniel , Wikfeldt K. Thor , Skinner Lawrie B. , Benmore Chris J. , Nilsson Anders , Pettersson Lars G. M.
Published: August 2016

We analyze the recent temperature dependent oxygen-oxygen pair-distribution functions from experimental high-precision x-ray diffraction data of bulk water by Skinner et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 141, 214507 (2014)] with particular focus on the intermediate range where small, but significant, correlations are found out to 17 Å. The second peak in the pair-distribution function at 4.5 Å is connected to tetrahedral coordination and was shown by Skinner et al. to change behavior with temperature below the temperature of minimum isothermal compressibility. Here we show that this is associated also with a peak growing at 11 Å which strongly indicates a collective character of fluctuations leading to the enhanced compressibility at lower temperatures. We note that the peak at ∼13.2 Å exhibits a temperature dependence similar to that of the density with a maximum close to 277 K or 4 °C. We analyze simulations of the TIP4P/2005 water model in the same manner and find excellent agreement between simulations and experiment albeit with a temperature shift of ∼20 K.
Electron-beam pulse annealed Ti-implanted GaP
Authors: Werner Z. , Barlak M. , Ratajczak R. , Konarski P. , Markov A. M. , Heller R.
Published: August 2016

Gallium phosphide heavily doped with substitutional titanium is a prospective material for intermediate band solar cells. To manufacture such a material, single crystals of GaP were implanted with 120 keV Ti ions to doses between 5 × 1014 cm−2 and 5 × 1015 cm−2. They were next pulse annealed with 2 μs electron-beam pulses of electron energy of about 13 keV and pulse energy density between 1 and 2 Jcm−2. The samples were studied by channeled Rutherford Backscattering, particle induced X-ray emission, and SIMS. The results show full recovery of crystal structure damaged by implantation and good retention of the implanted titanium without, however, its significant substitution at crystal sites.
Epitaxial growth of GaSb and InAs fins on 300 mm Si (001) by aspect ratio trapping
Authors: Orzali Tommaso , Vert Alexey , O'Brian Brendan , Herman Joshua L. , Vivekanand Saikumar , Papa Rao Satyavolu S. , Oktyabrsky Serge R.
Published: August 2016

We report on the monolithic integration of GaSb and InAs fins on on-axis 300 mm Si (001) by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The thickness of the GaAs/Si (001) fins used as a template is optimized to allow the formation of {111} facets and the confinement of defects generated at the GaAs/GaSb and GaAs/InAs interfaces by means of the aspect ratio trapping technique. Anti-phase domains are avoided via a careful design of the GaAs/Si interface. Threading dislocations in GaSb are controlled through the formation of an interfacial misfit dislocation array along the GaSb/GaAs [1¯11] and [11¯1] interfaces. Defects on InAs are controlled through the promotion of a two-dimensional growth, which spontaneously occurs on GaAs {111} planes. The results represent a step forward towards the integration of III–V nano-scale photonic and electronic components on a Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible platform using a precisely engineered GaAs on Si template.
Fitting of the Thomson scattering density and temperature profiles on the COMPASS tokamak
Authors: Stefanikova E. , Peterka M. , Bohm P. , Bilkova P. , Aftanas M. , Sos M. , Urban J. , Hron M. , Panek R.
Published: August 2016

A new technique for fitting the full radial profiles of electron density and temperature obtained by the Thomson scattering diagnostic in H-mode discharges on the COMPASS tokamak is described. The technique combines the conventionally used modified hyperbolic tangent function for the edge transport barrier (pedestal) fitting and a modification of a Gaussian function for fitting the core plasma. Low number of parameters of this combined function and their straightforward interpretability and controllability provide a robust method for obtaining physically reasonable profile fits. Deconvolution with the diagnostic instrument function is applied on the profile fit, taking into account the dependence on the actual magnetic configuration.
An estimate of spherical impactor energy transfer for mechanical frequency up-conversion energy harvester
Authors: Corr L. R. , Ma D. T.
Published: August 2016

Vibration energy harvesters, which use the impact mechanical frequency up-conversion technique, utilize an impactor, which gains kinetic energy from low frequency ambient environmental vibrations, to excite high frequency systems that efficiently convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. To take full advantage of the impact mechanical frequency up-conversion technique, it is prudent to understand the energy transfer from the low frequency excitations, to the impactor, and finally to the high frequency systems. In this work, the energy transfer from a spherical impactor to a multi degree of freedom spring / mass system, due to Hertzian impact, is investigated to gain insight on how best to design impact mechanical frequency up-conversion energy harvesters. Through this academic work, it is shown that the properties of the contact (or impact) area, i.e., radius of curvature and material properties, only play a minor role in energy transfer and that the equivalent mass of the target system (i.e., the spring / mass system) dictates the total amount of energy transferred during the impact. The novel approach of utilizing the well-known Hertzian impact methodology to gain an understanding of impact mechanical frequency up-conversion energy harvesters has made it clear that the impactor and the high frequency energy generating systems must be designed together as one system to ensure maximum energy transfer, leading to efficient ambient vibration energy harvesters.
Effect of thermal annealing on electron spin relaxation of beryllium-doped In0.8Ga0.2As0.45P0.55 bulk
Authors: Wu Hao , Ji Lian , Harasawa Ryo , Yasue Yuya , Aritake Takanori , Jiang Canyu , Lu Shulong , Tackeuchi Atsushi
Published: August 2016

The effect of thermal annealing on the electron spin relaxation of beryllium-doped In0.8Ga0.2As0.45P0.55 bulk was investigated by time-resolved spin-dependent pump and probe reflection measurement with a high time resolution of 200 fs. Three similar InGaAsP samples were examined one of which was annealed at 800 °C for 1 s, one was annealed at 700 °C for 1 s and the other was not annealed after crystal growth by molecular beam epitaxy. Although the carrier lifetimes of the 700 °C-annealed sample and the unannealed sample were similar, that of the 800 °C-annealed sample was extended to 11.6 (10.4) ns at 10 (300) K, which was more than two (four) times those of the other samples. However, interestingly the spin relaxation time of the 800 °C-annealed sample was found to be similar to those of the other two samples. Particularly at room temperature, the spin relaxation times are 143 ps, 147 ps, and 111 ps for the 800 °C-annealed sample, 700 °C-annealed sample, and the unannealed sample, respectively.
Infrared vertically-illuminated photodiode for chip alignment feedback
Authors: Alloatti L. , Ram R. J.
Published: August 2016

We report on vertically-illuminated photodiodes fabricated in the GlobalFoundries 45nm 12SOI node and on a packaging concept for optically-interconnected chips. The photodiodes are responsive at 1180 nm –a wavelength currently used in chip-to-chip communications. They have further a wide field-of-view which enables chip-to-board positional feedback in chip-board assemblies. Monolithic integration enables on-chip processing of the positional data.
An overview of energy and protein utilisation during growth in simple-stomached animals
Authors: Moughan Paul J.
Published: August 2016

The biological processes underlying the partitioning of amino acids and energy during animal growth are well understood qualitatively. However, if a deeper mechanistic understanding is to be achieved, such as to allow generalised predictions of growth outcomes, these biological processes need to be described quantitatively, along with critical control points. Concepts and rules can be formulated at mechanistic and semi-mechanistic levels, and often reflecting causation, to allow nutrient intake and partitioning to be described in a quantitative manner for different animal and environmental conditions. An overview is given of amino acid and energy partitioning during growth in monogastric animals, in terms of causation and quantitatively based descriptors. Current knowledge is far from complete, and areas requiring new insights and a more in-depth understanding of causative mechanisms include voluntary food-intake control, dynamics of nutrient uptake, temporary post-prandial nutrient storage, relationships among nutrient intakes, protein turnover and maintenance-energy requirement, colonic amino acid uptake in poultry, bioavailability of amino acids other than lysine, diet effects on gut endogenous amino acid loss, inevitable amino acid catabolism, preferential amino acid catabolism, and diet, age and genotype effects on body protein synthesis and degradation.
Physical and chemical characteristics of spent hen breast meat aged for 7 days
Authors: Mello J. L. M. , Souza R. A. , Paschoalin G. C. , Ferrari F. B. , Berton M. P. , Giampietro-Ganeco A. , Souza P. A. , Borba H.
Published: August 2016

Consumption of poultry meat is increasing worldwide. However, little is known about the consumption and acceptability of meat from older hens and about the physical and chemical characteristics of this type of meat. This study evaluated the effect of broiler age and aging time on the physical properties, tenderness, chemical composition, and lipid profile of breast meat from broilers slaughtered at 6 (commercial age) and 70 weeks of age (broiler hens). The variables analysed were: colour, pH, water-holding capacity, cooking weight loss, shear force, total collagen, myofibrillar fragmentation index, chemical composition, total cholesterol, lipid oxidation, and fatty acid profile. Compared with commercial broilers, meat from broiler hens had higher shear force (from 33.45 N to 14.91 N after 3 days of aging), higher fat content, and lower cholesterol concentration. Additionally, it had more monounsaturated fatty acids and less polyunsaturated fatty acids than meat from commercial broilers. Collagen, fat, cholesterol levels and myofibrillar fragmentation index decreased with aging. The use of broiler hen meat as a raw material may be beneficial to the poultry industry because it has more fat and less cholesterol, higher intracellular water-holding capacity, and lower cooking loss than meat from commercial broilers. Moreover, because of the lower concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, broiler hen meat is less susceptible to lipid oxidation. Aging breast fillets for 3 days at 2°C is sufficient to tenderise the meat and reduce the amount of fat and cholesterol, suggesting that aging can be used as a technique to add value to poultry meat products.
Coherent control of long-range photoinduced electron transfer by stimulated X-ray Raman processes
Authors: Dorfman Konstantin E. , Zhang Yu , Mukamel Shaul
Published: August 2016

Significance

Electron transfer is ubiquitous in chemical reactions and many biophysical processes such as respiration and photosynthesis. In this work, we show how broadband X-ray pulses can be used to change the local electronic structures of donor–bridge–acceptor (DBA) molecular systems, thus enabling and controlling electron transfer between designated sites in the molecule. An X-ray–stimulated Raman process can control electron transfer with atomic specificity and ultrafast timescale. With an appropriate X-ray pulse setting, electron pathways can be selectively enhanced. The control can be implemented at the donor, bridge, or acceptor sites in a DBA system.
Proteomics of Physcomitrella patens protonemata subjected to treatment with 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid
Authors: Luo Weifeng , Nanjo Yohei , Komatsu Setsuko , Matsuura Hideyuki , Takahashi Kosaku
Published: August 2016

12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) is induced by mechanical wounding and suppresses the growth of Physcomitrella patens; OPDA is considered as a signal compound in this moss species. In this study, a proteomic analysis of P. patens protonemata treated with OPDA was performed. The abundance levels of 41 proteins were significantly altered by OPDA, with decreased levels for 40 proteins. The proteins for which abundance decreased in response to OPDA at the protonema developmental stage were mainly involved in the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates. The effects of inhibition on protein abundance are likely a major physiological function of OPDA in P. patens. OPDA also suppressed the expression of histones at the protein level and gene transcription level. Suppression of histone expression might be an OPDA-specific function in P. patens protonemata. In P. patens, a subset of the physiological responses caused by OPDA is shown to differ between protonema and gametophore developmental stages.
The RNA-binding protein ATX-2 regulates cytokinesis through PAR-5 and ZEN-4
Authors: Gnazzo Megan M. , Uhlemann Eva-Maria E. , Villarreal Alex R. , Shirayama Masaki , Dominguez Eddie G. , Skop Ahna R.
Published: August 2016

The spindle midzone harbors both microtubules and proteins necessary for furrow formation and the completion of cytokinesis. However, the mechanisms that mediate the temporal and spatial recruitment of cell division factors to the spindle midzone and midbody remain unclear. Here we describe a mechanism governed by the conserved RNA-binding protein ATX-2/Ataxin-2, which targets and maintains ZEN-4 at the spindle midzone. ATX-2 does this by regulating the amount of PAR-5 at mitotic structures, particularly the spindle, centrosomes, and midbody. Preventing ATX-2 function leads to elevated levels of PAR-5, enhanced chromatin and centrosome localization of PAR-5–GFP, and ultimately a reduction of ZEN-4–GFP at the spindle midzone. Codepletion of ATX-2 and PAR-5 rescued the localization of ZEN-4 at the spindle midzone, indicating that ATX-2 mediates the localization of ZEN-4 upstream of PAR-5. We provide the first direct evidence that ATX-2 is necessary for cytokinesis and suggest a model in which ATX-2 facilitates the targeting of ZEN-4 to the spindle midzone by mediating the posttranscriptional regulation of PAR-5.
Transcriptome analysis of tetraploid cells identifies cyclin D2 as a facilitator of adaptation to genome doubling in the presence of p53
Authors: Potapova Tamara A. , Seidel Christopher W. , Box Andrew C. , Rancati Giulia , Li Rong
Published: August 2016

Tetraploidization, or genome doubling, is a prominent event in tumorigenesis, primarily because cell division in polyploid cells is error-prone and produces aneuploid cells. This study investigates changes in gene expression evoked in acute and adapted tetraploid cells and their effect on cell-cycle progression. Acute polyploidy was generated by knockdown of the essential regulator of cytokinesis anillin, which resulted in cytokinesis failure and formation of binucleate cells, or by chemical inhibition of Aurora kinases, causing abnormal mitotic exit with formation of single cells with aberrant nuclear morphology. Transcriptome analysis of these acute tetraploid cells revealed common signatures of activation of the tumor-suppressor protein p53. Suppression of proliferation in these cells was dependent on p53 and its transcriptional target, CDK inhibitor p21. Rare proliferating tetraploid cells can emerge from acute polyploid populations. Gene expression analysis of single cell–derived, adapted tetraploid clones showed up-regulation of several p53 target genes and cyclin D2, the activator of CDK4/6/2. Overexpression of cyclin D2 in diploid cells strongly potentiated the ability to proliferate with increased DNA content despite the presence of functional p53. These results indicate that p53-mediated suppression of proliferation of polyploid cells can be averted by increased levels of oncogenes such as cyclin D2, elucidating a possible route for tetraploidy-mediated genomic instability in carcinogenesis.
Comparative analysis of adaptor-mediated clathrin assembly reveals general principles for adaptor clustering
Authors: Pucadyil Thomas J. , Holkar Sachin S.
Published: August 2016

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) manages the sorting and uptake of the bulk of membrane proteins (or cargo) from the plasma membrane. CME is initiated by the formation of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs), in which adaptors nucleate clathrin assembly. Clathrin adaptors display diversity in both the type and number of evolutionarily conserved clathrin-binding boxes. How this diversity relates to the process of adaptor clustering as clathrin assembles around a growing pit remains unclear. Using real-time, fluorescence microscopy–based assays, we compare the formation kinetics and distribution of clathrin assemblies on membranes that display five unique clathrin adaptors. Correlations between equilibrium and kinetic parameters of clathrin assembly to the eventual adaptor distribution indicate that adaptor clustering is determined not by the amount of clathrin recruited or the degree of clathrin clustered but instead by the rate of clathrin assembly. Together our results emphasize the need to analyze kinetics of protein interactions to better understand mechanisms that regulate CME.
The frequency of inappropriate nonformulary medication alert overrides in the inpatient setting
Authors: Her Qoua L , Amato Mary G , Seger Diane L , Beeler Patrick E , Slight Sarah P , Dalleur Olivia , Dykes Patricia C , Gilmore James F , Fanikos John , Fiskio Julie M , Bates David W
Published: August 2016

Background Experts suggest that formulary alerts at the time of medication order entry are the most effective form of clinical decision support to automate formulary management.

Objective Our objectives were to quantify the frequency of inappropriate nonformulary medication (NFM) alert overrides in the inpatient setting and provide insight on how the design of formulary alerts could be improved.

Methods Alert overrides of the top 11 ( n  = 206) most-utilized and highest-costing NFMs, from January 1 to December 31, 2012, were randomly selected for appropriateness evaluation. Using an empirically developed appropriateness algorithm, appropriateness of NFM alert overrides was assessed by 2 pharmacists via chart review. Appropriateness agreement of overrides was assessed with a Cohen’s kappa. We also assessed which types of NFMs were most likely to be inappropriately overridden, the override reasons that were disproportionately provided in the inappropriate overrides, and the specific reasons the overrides were considered inappropriate.

Results Approximately 17.2% ( n  = 35.4/206) of NFM alerts were inappropriately overridden. Non-oral NFM alerts were more likely to be inappropriately overridden compared to orals. Alerts overridden with “blank” reasons were more likely to be inappropriate. The failure to first try a formulary alternative was the most common reason for alerts being overridden inappropriately.

Conclusion Approximately 1 in 5 NFM alert overrides are overridden inappropriately. Future research should evaluate the impact of mandating a valid override reason and adding a list of formulary alternatives to each NFM alert; we speculate these NFM alert features may decrease the frequency of inappropriate overrides.
Subdermal Radiofrequency for Skin Tightening of the Posterior Upper Arms
Authors: Wu Douglas C. , Liolios Anamarie , Mahoney Leysin , Guiha Isabella , Goldman Mitchel P.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

Subsurface thermistor-controlled monopolar radiofrequency (SMRF) is an emerging technology designed to offer a minimally invasive option for tightening of lax skin. The versatility of this technique allows it to be applied to virtually any body site.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SMRF for tightening of posterior upper arm skin laxity.

PATIENTS

This is a prospective, open-label clinical trial involving 12 subjects aged 18 to 65 with moderate-to-severe skin laxity in the posterior upper arms.

METHODS/MATERIALS

Each subject received treatment to the bilateral arms resulting in a population of n = 24 arms in the analysis group. Treatment consisted of SMRF delivered at Day 0 of the trial. Follow-up evaluation was conducted at Day 7, 30, and 90 post-treatment. The primary end point was the assessment of skin laxity by a nontreating physician utilizing a standardized 5 point Skin Laxity Grading Scale at baseline, Days 30 and 90. Subject self-evaluation of firmness, laxity, texture, and satisfaction was also collected. Circumferential and vertical arm measurements were obtained via digital fractional caliper. An adverse event profile was categorized.

RESULTS

Significant improvements in skin laxity were observed at both Day 30 and at Day 90 post-treatment as assessed by the nontreating investigator. Subjects also rated significant improvements in the firmness, texture, and laxity of their treated arms. The majority of subjects were “satisfied” to “extremely satisfied” with their results. Adverse events recorded at Day 7 post-treatment included erythema (4%), contour irregularity (4%), and bruising (13%). All adverse events resolved completely by Day 30 post-treatment.

CONCLUSION

Thermistor-controlled SMRF is a safe and effective means to treating posterior upper arm skin laxity.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Comparing Monophasic Monodensified and Biphasic Nonanimal Stabilized Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers in Treatment of Asian Nasolabial Folds
Authors: Zhou Shuang-Bai , Xie Yun , Chiang Cheng-An , Liu Kai , Li Qing-Feng
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

Cross-linked hyaluronic acids (HAs) with varying characteristics and formulations are available. Despite the popularity of HA, limited studies compared the effectiveness of monophasic monodensified hyaluronic acid (MMHA) and biphasic nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid (BHA) products in correcting nasolabial folds (NLFs) in the Asian population.

OBJECTIVE

This double-blinded, randomized research aimed at evaluating the outcomes of MMHA and BHA products in treating Asian NLFs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Subjects aged between 18 and 65 years with moderate-to-severe NLFs were randomized to receive MMHA or BHA treatment. A touch-up treatment with the same product was performed at the 4-week follow-up, if needed. The effectiveness was evaluated for 24 weeks by masked investigators. All adverse events were recorded for safety evaluation.

RESULTS

Twenty-five subjects in the MMHA Group and twenty-four subjects in the BHA Group finished 24-week follow-up. Results showed that subjects from both groups obtained satisfactory outcome in NLF correction. A lower amount of MMHA was required to achieve a similar result as that of BHA (p< .01). Both HA products maintained the effectiveness at the end of the 24-week follow-up.

CONCLUSION

Both MMHA and BHA are effective for correcting NLF in Asian patients, producing satisfactory results. Monophasic monodensified hyaluronic acid provides similar satisfaction to BHA while requiring less injection volume.
Droxidopa in the Treatment of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: Ruzieh Mohammed , Dasa Osama , Pacenta Ann , Karabin Beverly , Grubb Blair
Published: August 2016

Background:

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a constellation of signs and symptoms that occur when a patient is upright and relieved by recumbence. Currently, no drugs are labeled for the treatment for POTS. Droxidopa is an orally administered amino acid that is converted to norepinephrine and thought to improve both blood pressure and symptoms in patients with orthostatic intolerance.

Study Question:

To appraise the effect of Droxidopa in a clinical setting in patients with POTS refractory to other forms of treatment.

Study Design:

A retrospective study of patients with POTS at our Syncope and Autonomic Disorders Center. Three hundred fifty-two patients were screened, 54 of them were prescribed Droxidopa and found to be eligible to include in our study.

Measures and Outcome:

Symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, side effects of therapy and response to treatment. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS software. Thirty-seven patients were included in data analysis. Patients who failed to follow up, didn't obtain Droxidopa due to insurance and cost concerns, had hypertensive response to therapy or had allergic reaction were excluded from data analysis.

Results:

The most frequently reported symptom was dizziness in 91.9% of patients, followed by syncope and fatigue in 70.3% and 67.6% of patients, respectively. Symptoms of dizziness, syncope and fatigue were reported less after treatment; 75.7%, 51.4% and 40.5%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in standing or sitting blood pressure before and after treatment. Despite the improvement in some symptoms. Only 27% of patients reported improved quality of life after treatment. Of total, 40.5% of patients stopped the treatment either due to side effects or ineffectiveness.

Conclusion:

Droxidopa appears to improve some symptoms of orthostatic intolerance in patients with POTS but has diminutive impact on quality of life and blood pressure. Further assessment in large clinical trials is needed to evaluate its efficacy.