bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Strong University Brand Equity Through Public Relations
Authors: Effah Ebenezer Asare , Ocloo Elikem Chosniel , Coffie Isaac Sewornu , Kankam William Adomako , Majeed Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Notwithstanding the growing body of research on how to achieve brand equity for higher institutions of education, limited attention has been given to the role of public relations (PR) in achieving brand equity for universities. Using the signalling theory, this chapter examines the effect of PR as a mediating variable between university brand image, identity and reputation, and university brand equity. Data from 448 university students was analysed using Smart-PLS. The result shows that university's brand image, identity, and reputation have a significant direct influence on university brand equity. The result further shows that PR significantly mediates the relationships between university brand image, identity and reputation, and university brand equity. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed in detail in the chapter.
Theoretical Foundations of Soil Ecology and Land Resources
Authors: Aytar Erdi Can , Durmaz Alper , Torunoğlu Emine İncilay İncilay , Aydın Betül , Çolak Ayşen Melda
Published: July 2024

This chapter examines the interaction of plant ecology with the environment and the environmental impacts of agriculture. Plant ecology is a scientific field focused on understanding how plants adapt to their growing environments, their roles within ecosystems, relationships among plants, and responses to environmental factors. Agriculture is a comprehensive process involving various methods for producing food, feed, fiber, and other products through plant cultivation and animal husbandry. Ecological agriculture aims to manage soil, water, and biological resources more effectively and sustainably while preserving ecosystem processes and biodiversity. Principles such as reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, natural pest control, diversified crop rotations, and sustainable water management contribute to the sustainability of agricultural areas and the conservation of global biodiversity. This study analyzes the environmental impacts of agriculture on a large scale and emphasizes the contributions of ecological agriculture to the sustainability of agricultural areas and the preservation of global biodiversity.
Zoning of Vietnam's Forest Fund Based on Climatic Conditions and Organic Mass Growth for Environmental Improvement
Authors: Kovyazin Vasily , Nguyen An , Zubov Andrei
Published: July 2024

The results of research on climatic conditions in three geographical (forest vegetation) zones of Vietnam are presented. The zones were identified to assess the increase in wood organic mass in relation to changes in climatic conditions. Each so-called forest vegetation zone is characterized by certain indicators of climatic conditions, which affect the growth of wood organic mass. The relationship between the growth of wood mass, the main evaluation indicator of the forest fund, and climatic conditions is reflected based on the model of the Swedish climatologist H. Peterson. Climatic factors influencing wood growth were taken from reference books, except for solar energy. The methodology for calculating the influx of solar energy to forest areas in connection with the sun's altitude is provided in this work. The relationship between the growth of wood reserves and the climatic conditions of forest growth has been established in various forest lands, a dependency has been established, and zoning of the forest fund of Vietnam has been proposed, taking into account soil quality
Utilizing Soil Erosion Modeling and GIS Technologies to Develop Future Soil and Water Conservation Strategies
Authors: Salem Haytham Mohamed , Abdalla Mohamed A. I.
Published: July 2024

Drought and soil erosion stand as predominant drivers of land degradation within arid regions. The infrequent occurrence of rainfall events and subsequent flash floods significantly diminish agri-food productivity and exacerbate soil erosion rates. Thus, employing a modeling approach becomes imperative for forecasting flash floods and soil losses. The aim of this book chapter is to provide an introduction to soil erosion modeling and to delve into the performance evaluation of the kinematic runoff and erosion model (KINEROS2) through a case study conducted in Egypt. The model utilizes satellite imagery of digital elevation maps, soil maps, and annual weather datasets. Runoff discharge data observed at the outlet of the watershed is integrated into the model. In conclusion, it is strongly advised to integrate satellite imagery with the KINEROS2 model, a step that promises significant benefits in detecting environmental changes and understanding their impact on the watershed.
Determination of Soil Color Characteristics Using RGB Images
Authors: Kataev Mikhail Yurievich , Kartashov Evgeny Yurievich , Sorokin Igor Borisovich
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the research is to identify color patterns of different types of soils to assess the conditions for identifying types using RGB images. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: 1) Identify problems in the agricultural plan where soil plays an important aspect; 2) identify the characteristics of the soil composition and the relationship between the composition and color characteristics; 3) determine the features of processing RGB images during preliminary and thematic processing; 4) evaluate the color characteristics of several types of soils; and 5) determine criteria for distinguishing the color characteristics of different types of soils. The object of research is the soil type and its RGB images. Research methods included the collection of statistical information about brightness variations in RGB spectral channels for different types of soils.
The Future of the Public Sector
Authors: Akar Sevda Mutlu , Çetinkaya Gülsema
Published: July 2024

This study evaluates the use of artificial intelligence-supported chatbot applications within the public sector, highlighting the observed enhancements in AI efficiency previously noted in the private sector. The research encompasses a diverse array of countries that have integrated AI chatbots, including the USA, Dubai, Canada, Australia, Finland, Sweden, Russia, China, Singapore, Latvia, Estonia, Portugal, Mexico, Spain, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Peru, Brazil, Japan, Chile, and Türkiye. It critically assesses how these technologies are implemented in public services, their intended purposes, and their overall effectiveness. Additionally, a SWOT analysis is performed on the GIBI chatbot, which the Turkish Revenue Administration launched in October 2023. The findings indicate that AI applications are likely to enhance efficiency in the public sector, promising positive transformations in public services while concurrently addressing critical data privacy and ethical issues.
Exploring Factors Influencing e-Learning Dropout Rates in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Kaisara Godwin , Peel Clayton , Niemand Cornelius J. P. , Bwalya Kelvin Joseph
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 period ushered in a paradigmatic shift towards exponential growth of ubiquitous e-learning. Despite the well-documented benefits of e-learning, which received unprecedented attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, little has been reported on factors influencing student dropout rates in courses delivered via e-learning. In this paper, the authors explore the factors contributing to student discontinuations in nonvolitional postpandemic conditions. Adopting a multimethod qualitative research design, the authors investigated the factors leading to increased student dropout rates from e-learning programs. The researchers used thematic analysis to interpret the data, resulting in the emergence of five themes. The findings reveal several factors contributing to failure to complete studies on programs delivered via e-learning. Although not exclusively conclusive, the study's findings indicate skills gap solutions and resource concerns which need to be addressed to convert market demand and enrolment into optimum completion rates, thereby increasing e-learning's success.
Lifelong Learning
Authors: Charungkaittikul Suwithida , Henschke John A.
Published: July 2024

Lifelong learning as a future education in today's circumstances is an essential challenge for inventing the future of our societies. Lifelong learning is more than adult education and/or training- it is a mindset and a habit for people to acquire as human being's responsibility. People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives. Longer lives must be planned for. Societal aging may affect economic growth and many other issues, including the sustainability of families, the ability of states and communities to provide resources for older citizens, and international relations. It is, therefore, the role and responsibilities of all sectors to seek a better model to develop this particular.
Learning Media Ethics in a Multicultural Context
Authors: AlNajjar Abeer , Ayish Mohammad
Published: July 2024

The acquisition of sound media ethics competencies is a key learning outcome of media education. In a world marked by globalization and intercultural media engagements, students' possession of ethical competencies relevant to their careers has raised critical questions about the quality of ethical standards. We argue that, while media ethics discussions have given rise to numerous perspectives relating to the scope and substance of ethical competencies in the 21st Century, multiculturalism in holds a promise for preparing ethical communicators. The study draws on a survey of 32 media students at the American University of Sharjah, to demonstrate how multicultural education based in a broader social context with marked cultural diversity promotes hybrid perspectives of media ethics. Most of respondents reported synthetic ethical perspectives combining local and global media ethics perspectives would provide them with appropriate competencies to effectively handle both local and international issues and events using sound ethical standards.
Encephalomyelitis as a rare presentation of melioidosis
Authors: Thushani R. , Mayurathan P.
Published: July 2024

Cerebral melioidosis is a rare entity which is minimally reported in literature, having multiple diagnostic challenges as it mimics most of the other diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Spectrum of CNS melioidosis depends on the entry of the organism and immune status of the patient. Due to the delay in diagnosis, it has a high morbidity and mortality. It is thought to be a disease of the immunocompromised with risk of exposure to soil or surface water. We present a case of an immunocompetent patient without any known risk factors for significant exposure, who presented with fever and rapidly progressive multiple cranial nerve palsies followed by reduced level of consciousness and cerebellar signs. She was eventually diagnosed to have encephalomyelitis, a form of neuro melioidosis, with radiological evidence of acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, and successfully treated with parenteral meropenem for intensive phase and cotrimoxazole for a long eradication phase. High index of suspicion and early initiation of treatment with suitable antibiotics for an optimal duration, evidenced complete recovery.
Malignant hypertension as a rare cause of thrombotic microangiopathy associated with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Charles J. C. , Yathukulan S.
Published: July 2024

Malignant hypertension (MH) can precipitate and worsen renal thrombotic microangiopathy. Also, renal thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) can cause malignant hypertension. Case reports regarding this clinical presentation are limited. A 36-year-old man presented with low urine output and bilateral leg swelling for five days with two episodes of haemoptysis. He was identified as a patient with hypertensive emergency with hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD) in cardiac and renal functions with thrombotic microangiopathy. Renal biopsy revealed focal acute tubular injury with moderate tubulointerstitial nephritis and hypertensive vascular changes. Multiple anti-hypertensive medications were used for adequate blood pressure control. Despite that, the patient had worsening renal function, and eventually became dependent on haemodialysis. Malignant hypertension has to be considered as one of the aetiologies of TMA as it can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and poor outcomes. Diagnosis is difficult when both entities are presenting together.
Severe bilateral retinal vasculitis as a delayed manifestation of rickettsial infection
Authors: Abeyagunawardena I. A. , Sirisena K. K. S. N. , Vitharana B. H. N. R. , Thuvarakan P. , Karunatilake R. M. S. H.
Published: July 2024

Ophthalmic manifestations of rickettsial infections are reported as mostly asymptomatic and self-limiting. A 27-year-old woman, 29 weeks pregnant, recently treated for rickettsial infection, presented ten days following discharge with visual blurring and was diagnosed to have severe bilateral retinal vasculitis. Rickettsial antibody testing (indirect immunofluorescence assay) revealed Rickettsia conorii IgG titer >1:128. Antinuclear antibody, retroviral, syphilis and toxoplasmosis screens were negative. Bilateral intra-vitreous triamcinolone, azithromycin and prednisolone were administered. However, despite some improvement, a residual visual deficit remained. This case report highlights the possibility of debilitating visual loss following rickettsial infections, need for ophthalmic screening at diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation.
Knowledge and attitude regarding insulin therapy among patients treated with insulin for diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Higgoda R. A. , Jayasinghe I. K. , Kannangara T.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The incidence of diabetes is rising in the South Asian region including Sri Lanka. Insulin is one of the therapeutic options which has a significant impact in optimal control of diabetes but lack of knowledge and negative attitudes among patients pose a significant barrier to proper adherence to insulin therapy. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards insulin therapy among patients treated with insulin for diabetes attending National Hospital, Kandy and to assess the association of demographic parameters with knowledge and attitude scores.Methods: An institution-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted which included 298 randomly selected patients with diabetes who are on insulin attending National Hospital, Kandy. They were assessed with a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data was analysed using SPSS version 22.Results: The knowledge scores of participants were 70%, 26.8% and 3% for good, moderate and inadequate, respectively. The majority (74%) had a favourable attitude towards insulin therapy. The mean knowledge and attitudes scores were 81.9% (95% CI: 79.5% to 84.3%) and 78.3% (95% CI: 73.5% to 83.1%), respectively. Being retired (p= .012) and being on insulin for more than 5 years (p = .028) were associated with a good knowledge score. Conclusions: Majority of the patients with diabetes assessed in the study had good knowledge and a favourable attitude regarding insulin therapy. It is therefore essential to maintain and reinforce the educational and training modalities made available for patients with diabetes.
Student performance in anatomy examinations depending on the modes of learning/teaching: onsite or online
Authors: Jayarathna M. J. S. , Gunasena H. R. , Rajamanthree P. S. , Rukmal R. K. P. B. , Kalani J. A. D. M. , Yatiwella N. M. , Wijerathne M. R. , Kosgallana E. W.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Traditionally, anatomy is a subject that involves a hands-on lab-based component using embalmed cadavers and histology slides. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic there were many changes to Sri Lankan medical education. This study analysed the effect on student performance in anatomy teaching/ learning methods with the start of COVID-19 pandemic in a Sri Lankan medical faculty. Methods: Three student groups with completely onsite (Batch A), transition to online midway through the semester (Batch B), and almost completely online (Batch C) were included. Their second-semester examination performance was analysed in total and component-wise [multiple-choice questions (MCQ), short-answer questions (SAQ) and objective-structured practical exams (OSPE I – Projections, OSPE II – Gross spot]. Descriptive analysis, Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner tests were used for comparison.Results: Allocated proportions for MCQ:SAQ:OSPE Rewere 30:40:30. Mean MCQ marks of batches A, B, C were 14.8,14.9, 16.4 and mean SAQ marks were 24, 25.1, 24 respectively with significant differences in both [MCQ-H(2)=29.1, p=< .001, SAQ- H(2)=11.3, p= .003). With MCQs batch C had the best performance (p=< .001), whereas batch B had better performance than batch A (p< .001) in SAQs. Mean OSPE marks were 24.8, 17.4, 20.7 with a significant difference (H(2)=334.8, p=< .001). Batch B had lower performance than batch A and C (< .001), while batch A had performed better than batch C (< .001) in OSPEs.Conclusion: MCQ performance was better in online learners while OSPE performance, which reflects the understanding of the three dimensional structure was better in onsite learners. This highlights the value of receiving hands-on experience with cadavers and histology practicals.
An unusual presentation of dermatomyositis: dermatomyositis sine dermatitis presenting with rapidly progressive myositis
Authors: Madurapperuma M. C. P. , Poobalasingam T. , Constantine S. R. , De Silva M. , Karunatilake H.
Published: July 2024

Dermatomyositis sine dermatitis (DMSD) is a rare variant of dermatomyositis where progressive muscle weakness presents without the characteristic rash but with muscle histology of dermatomyositis. A 55-year-old woman presented with progressive severe proximal limb, neck, pharyngeal and respiratory muscle weakness, without dermatologic manifestations. Elevated muscle enzymes and myopathic electromyogram pointed towards inflammatory myositis while the muscle biopsy confirmed DMSD. Her condition improved with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, methotrexate, and rituximab. This case emphasises the necessity of maintaining a high index of suspicion for dermatomyositis, even when a classic skin rash is absent and the criticality of early aggressive treatment. Anti-NXP-2 antibody positivity could indicate severe disease.
Lateral rectus palsy as the first presentation of Kikuchi Fujimoto’s disease
Authors: Padmasiri M. S. N. , Mujaheith M. I.
Published: July 2024

Kikuchi Fujimoto’s Disease (KFD) or histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis is recognised as a disease with a benign and indolent course. The common clinical symptoms of KFD include fever, headache, arthralgia and cervical lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis is based on clinical grounds and histological findings of lymph node biopsy. Kikuchi disease presenting with neurological manifestations is seldom seen. Out of all reported neurological manifestations, aseptic meningitis, brainstem encephalitis and cerebellar ataxia are common. We report a case of a 16 year old girl presenting with right sided lateral rectus palsy as the first presentation of KFD.
articleDecline in empathy among healthcareworkers; where have all the flowers gone?
Authors: Charles J. C. , Sivayokan B. , Kumanan T.
Published: July 2024

Studies from around the world are reporting a decline in the empathy of healthcare workers (HCWs) in recent years. This review article explores the implications of this decline of empathy on patient care and provider well-being, and possible ways to promote empathy among HCWs. Empathy plays a crucial role in fostering therapeutic alliances and enhancing patient outcomes. However, practising clinical empathy poses significant challenges, including emotional exhaustion and burnout, time constraints, professional boundaries, and cultural differences. These challenges contribute to a substantial decline in empathy among HCWs, which is further exacerbated by high-stress environments, heavy workload, and drawbacks in the healthcare system. Junior doctors and medical students are particularly vulnerable to a decline in empathy due to the demands posed by medical education and demanding training periods. Structured programmes promoting self-care practices, fostering supportive work environments, and integrating empathy-focused training into education and practice can be used to teach clinical empathy. However, a conducive atmosphere and a culture of empathy in the clinical setting are also crucial. Furthermore, sustained effort and institutional support are essential to sustain the skills thus taught. Such endeavours would contribute to cultivating compassionate healthcare professionals who prioritise patient-centred care and well-being.
Medical complications among acute leukaemia patients receiving inward induction chemotherapy at haematooncology section of the National Cancer Institute, Sri Lanka
Authors: Wariyapperuma U. M. , Madawala P.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Acute leukaemias are complicated with numerous disease and treatment related medical complications. Infection is one of the major complications and is related to chemotherapy associated-neutropaenia. This study aims to identify medical complications in acute leukaemia patients during the induction chemotherapy period. Results: Medical complications were observed in patients receiving induction chemotherapy N=50. Infections and electrolyte disturbances were the most frequently observed complications (74% each) followed by chemotherapy induced neutropaenia (38%), alteration of liver functions (32%), steroid induced hyperglycaemia (28%) and bleeding (16%). Thrombosis and tumour lysis were detected at lesser frequencies (4% each). Among infections, the majority showed evidence of blood stream infection (27%) followed by pulmonary infections (24.3%). Gram negative organisms were the most frequently identified pathogen. Among the electrolyte disturbances, hypokalaemia (48%), hyponatraemia (48%), and hypocalcaemia (44%) were more prevalent. Mean duration from initiation of chemotherapy to neutrophil nadir was 10.05 days.Conclusions: Patients with acute leukaemia encounter a multitude of disease and treatment related medical complications during induction chemotherapy. Infection is the most common complication with higher rates of bacteraemia and gram-negative sepsis. This is likely to be a result of treatment related neutropaenia. However, further focused studies on neutropaenic sepsis during induction chemotherapy are recommended. Clinical vigilance, strict and improved infection control strategies are necessary to improve the outcome of these patients.
Multiple pathological fractures with a hidden aetiology
Authors: Gnanathayalan S. W. , Sivageethan S. , Bulugahapitiya U.
Published: July 2024

Bone disease is a well-recognised complication of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). With early diagnosis of PHPT, florid bony changes such as brown tumours, lytic lesions and pathological fractures are rarely seen now. Here, we report an unusual presentation of PHPT in the current era. A 47-year-old lady was evaluated for multiple fragility fractures. Biochemical assessment confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism. DEXA scan showed severe osteoporosis. Left parathyroid adenoma was localised with imaging. She had multiple brown tumours. She underwent parathyroid adenoma excision and recovered after surgery with improved quality of life. Proper evaluation for secondary causes of osteoporosis is vital especially in premenopausal women. Early diagnosis and treatment of PHPT prevent disastrous complications.
Harnessing the healing power of creativity: exploring the role of art in healthcare through art, dance, and music therapy
Authors: Corriero Alberto , Giglio Mariateresa , Soloperto Rossana , Varrassi Giustino , Puntillo Filomena
Published: July 2024

Art therapy, dance therapy, and music therapy have emerged as complementary and integrative approaches to healthcare, providing powerful avenues for healing, growth, and self-discovery. This narrative review explores the multifaceted role of these therapeutic interventions, examining their mechanisms, applications, and evidence-based benefits in promoting health and well-being across diverse populations and clinical settings. Music therapy has been shown to have a range of applications in healthcare, particularly in improving the general ambience of hospital settings. Dance therapy, also known as dance/movement therapy (DMT), harnesses the therapeutic power of movement to improve physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs. Integrating art therapy into healthcare settings supports patient healing and well-being and enhances the working environment for healthcare providers. These new integrative approaches in healthcare settings offer benefits such as enjoyment, satisfaction, improvements in health and wellbeing, social connections, and relaxation for participants.
Advancements in the treatment of pain: not all opioids are the same
Authors: Raffa Robert B.
Published: July 2024

In the heated discourse about the pros and cons of opioids, it is not uncommon to have them discussed as if there are no significant differences among them (except perhaps on the basis of potency, viz., the piperidine fentanyl and its structural analogs such as alfentanil, carfentanil, sufentanil, etc.). It thus seems timely and appropriate to reassess this perception. There are at least three “atypical” opioids approved for clinical use, and another in development, that in one way or another display a more favorable clinical profile than do the “typical” opioids such as morphine, oxycodone, etc.
Thorncliffe Formation: conceptual model of a buried channel-fan aquifer system, greater Toronto region, Ontario
Authors: Sharpe D. R. , Logan C. E. , Pugin A. M.
Published: July 2024

Formation de Thorncliffe : un modèle théorique de système aquifère chenal cône pour la région du Grand Toronto Résumé Une séquence de sédiments glacio lacustres de la Formation de Thorncliffe d’une épaisseur de 50 à 100 m, stratigraphiquement située sous le till régional de Newmarket, présente un potentiel aquifère considérable. La formation occupe une grande superficie s’étendant de la baie Georgienne au lac Ontario, vers le sud, et au delà du lac Rice, vers l’est (~ 25 000 km2). Les séquences de sable, de gravier, de boue, de rythmites et de diamicton de la Formation de Thorncliffe semblent être des séquences de transition entre les lits glacio lacustres sous jacents plus anciens, liés à la hausse du niveau des lacs qui a eu lieu lorsque l’eau a été retenue contre l’escarpement du Niagara par l’avancée des glaciers, et les couches supérieures. Nous avons intégré et résumé une grande quantité de données de subsurface de haute qualité afin de mieux déterminer la répartition et le potentiel aquifère plus large des sédiments de la Formation de Thorncliffe. Nous avons compilé un modèle prédictif amélioré d’aquifère en testant les origines possibles de la Formation de Thorncliffe : delta, cônes subaquatiques ou dépôts sous glaciaires. Le modèle de sédimentation chenal esker cône résultant fournit un cadre théorique bien défini pour l’identification d’aquifères au sein de la Formation de Thorncliffe. Cette recherche porte à croire que des aquifères chenal cône composés de sédiments d’architecture, d’orientation, de géométrie et de composition similaires (comme l’aquifère de Yonge Street) pourraient être présents ailleurs dans le bassin de la Formation de Thorncliffe.
Role of Branched and Aromatic Amino Acids, Diet Inflammatory Index, and Anthropometric Indices on Mental Health
Authors: Majdizadeh Golnaz , Beytollahi Mina , Djazayery Abolghasem , Movahedi Ariyo
Published: July 2024

Background:

Mental health disorders are one of the most important and increasing health problems in the youth of today’s societies. Some dietary intake and body mass status are factors that affect mental health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) and anthropometric and dietary inflammatory indices with mental health, including depression, anxiety, and stress.

Methods:

In this case-control study, the data of 138 teenage girls aged 13–18 years were collected. Three-day 24-hour food recall and standard anthropometric methods were used to calculate the dietary inflammation intake score of normal and energy-adjusted diets. Mental health disorders were diagnosed by the DASS-21 questionnaire. Statistical analysis used Student’s t-test, correlation, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data based on the study’s statistical requirements.

Results:

Based on the findings, 59 (42%) of the girls had mental disorders, and 79 (58%) were healthy. The average weight of stressed people was significantly higher than that of healthy people, and the BMI of anxious people was significantly higher than that of nonanxious people (P < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between stress and weight and energy intake. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between BCAAs and mental health. The average intake of BCAAs was significantly lower in patients (P = 0.01). The trend analysis showed significantly lower BCAA levels among the 4th quartile of mental disorders. No significant relationship was observed between DII, AAA, and anthropometric indices. After adjustment of the results, no relationship was observed between mental health and the studied factors.

Conclusions:

BCAA might be related to mental health. Further studies in different age and sex groups are highly recommended.
Modern Analytical Approaches in Bhasma Pariksha: Advancements and Challenges
Authors: Ranade Manjiri
Published: July 2024

Bhasma Pariksha, an integral aspect of Ayurvedic medicine, involves assessing metallic and mineral-based formulations known as “Bhasmas” (herbomineral or herbometallic compounds). Traditional methods for evaluating Bhasmas have relied on visual, organoleptic, and Ayurvedic parameters. However, in recent years, the integration of modern analytical techniques has revolutionized the quality control and standardization of Bhasma formulations. This review aims to provide an in-depth overview of the rationale behind utilizing modern analytical methods for Bhasma Pariksha, highlighting the advantages and limitations of various techniques.
Comparing the Effect of Flat and High-Heel Footwears on Tandem Walk and Step-up/Over Test in Females by Using a Neurocom Balance Master
Authors: Patole Khyati , Khandare Shilpa , Palekar Tushar J. , Saini Seema , Varma Sakshi , Waghamode Shruti , Salekar Bhagyashree
Published: July 2024

Aims:

Footwear plays an important role in day-to-day life; their utilitarian purpose has been undermined by fashion. Furthermore, fashion has frequently dictated numerous design details, such as whether shoes have high heels or flat heels. The aim of this study is to compare female users who wear flat footwear vs. high heels using a dynamic weight-bearing activity test with a Neurocom Balance Master.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-three females were screened, out of which 30 females participated in this study, 15 each divided into two groups. According to the inclusion criteria, 5 cm heel height and 0 cm flat heel users on a daily basis were included. Group A included high-heel footwear users and Group B included flat footwear users; they performed the tandem walk test and step-up/over test to measure their balance in dynamic activities on the Neurocom Balance Master.

Results:

Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilkinson test. The independent t test was used to find out the difference between the groups. Experimental results showed that compared with flat footwear users, high-heel footwear users show imbalance in the tandem walk test.

Conclusion:

According to the findings of this study, there is a significant difference between high-heel female users and flat footwear female users in the tandem walk test, but no significant difference between high-heel female users and flat footwear female users in the step-up/over test.
Self-prescription with psychotropic medications by healthcare professionals working at mental health institutions in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albawardi Ibrahim M. , Abdullah Layla A. Abu , Alzouri Fatimah S. , Aldar Hawra M. , Al-Shiban Manar A. , AlBakr Dalal M. , AlMusailhi Jawaher A. , AlSaidan Saleh M. , Sonbaa Ali M.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Healthcare professionals who work in mental health institutions are more exposed to psychotropic medications than those in other healthcare institutions and are, therefore, more likely to self-prescribe. Self-prescription is a concerning phenomenon because of the potential for medication misuse, drug interaction, addiction, and other social, physical, and psychological consequences. This study investigated the prevalence of self-prescription of psychotropic medications and the most common self-prescribed psychotropic medications by healthcare professionals in mental health institutions in Saudi Arabia. It also aimed to determine the possible side effects and factors associated with self-prescription of psychotropic medications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional study using an electronic survey consisting of a researcher-designed checklist, targeting healthcare professionals in mental health institutions in Saudi Arabia. The independent variables were sex, nationality, occupation, place of residence, place of work, previous diagnosis of mental illness, marital, and living status. Data were analyzed, using SPSS, and frequency distribution and percentages were calculated. Chi-square test was employed to determine association between self-prescription and various independent variables.

RESULTS:

The final sample size was 588; 9.5% healthcare professionals working at mental health institutions in Saudi Arabia admitted to self-prescription with psychotropic medications. Almost half of those who admitted to self-prescription (48.2%) and about 1/4 (23.2%) self-prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines, respectively. The most commonly reported side effects of self-prescription were gastrointestinal symptoms and drowsiness. The study also suggested that males were significantly more prone to self-prescribing than females (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

To our knowledge, this is the first study in Saudi Arabia to assess the self-prescription of psychotropic medications by healthcare professionals at mental health institutions. This study is important for decision-makers in their planning and updating of prescription policies. It is also equally important to spread awareness among healthcare professionals about the consequences of self-prescription.
Willingness and self-confidence of healthcare workers in Bahrain in assisting with in-flight emergencies
Authors: Sharaf Eman , AlUbaidi Basem A. A. , Alawainati Mahmood A. , Al Maskati Manal , Alnajjar Layal
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

In-flight medical emergency (IFE) impose considerable challenges on healthcare workers (HCWs) because of limited resources, constrained environment, and medico-legal issues. This study assessed HCWs knowledge, willingness, and confidence in addressing in-flight medical emergencies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2023 among nurses and physicians working in primary healthcare centers and governmental hospitals in Bahrain. Subjects were selected using stratified random sampling; a self-administered online questionnaire of high reliability (Cronbach alpha = 0.914) was used to collect the data. Logistic regression analysis were performed to determine association of knowledge, willingness, and confidence in dealing with in-flight emergencies with various characteristics of HCWs.

RESULTS:

The study included 805 HCWs with mean age of 35.5 years (SD=9.2). The findings indicated deficiency in training, with <10% of participants trained on IFE. A considerable proportion of participants exhibited low levels of knowledge (88.3%) and confidence (75.9%) with IFE. Nonetheless, more than half of the participants expressed the willingness to assist in IFE (59.1%). Non-Bahraini healthcare professionals (odds ratio [OR] = 2.901, P < 0.001) had higher knowledge of IFE. Nurses (OR = 1.642, P = 0.047) and participants with longer work experience had higher willingness to assist in IFE. In addition, professionals who were non-Bahraini (OR = 3.249, P < 0.001), working in secondary care (OR = 1.619, 95% confidence interval P = 0.021), had had training on IFE (OR = 2.247, P = 0.004), and had encountered IFE before (OR = 1.974, P = 0.006) had greater self-confidence levels.

CONCLUSION:

Considering the low levels of knowledge and confidence healthcare professionals in Bahrain had with regard to IFE, targeted training initiatives and educational programs are necessary to improve HCW’s confidence and preparedness to deal with such emergencies.
Assessing the importance of risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from the classification and regression tree models
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Lv Deliang , You Yueyue , Zhao Zhiguang , Hu Wei , Xie Fengzhu , Lin Yali , Xie Wei , Wu Xiaobing
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Many studies have identified the risk factors associated with DR, but there is not much evidence on the importance of these factors for DR. This study aimed to investigate the associated factors for patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) and calculate the importance of the identified factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Using probability proportionate to size sampling method in this community-based cross-sectional study, 22 community health service centers were selected from 10 administrative districts in Shenzhen, China. Approximately 60 T2DM patients were recruited from each center. The participants completed a structural questionnaire, had their venous blood collected, and underwent medical examinations and fundus photography. Logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors of DR. The classification and regression tree (CART) model was used to calculate the importance of the identified risk factors.

RESULTS:

This study recruited 1097 T2DM patients, 266 of whom were identified as having DR, yielding a prevalence rate of 24.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.7%–26.9%). Results showed that a longer duration of DM, indoor-type lifestyle, and higher levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or urea increased the risk of DR. Patients with HbA1c values ≥7% were about 2.45 times (odds ratio: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.83–3.29) more likely to have DR than their counterparts. The CART model found that the values of variable importance for HbA1c, DM duration, lifestyle (i.e., indoor type), and urea were 48%, 37%, 10%, and 4%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

The prevalence of DR is high for T2DM patients who receive DM health management services from the primary healthcare system. HbA1c is the most important risk factor for DR. Integration of DR screening and HbA1c testing into the healthcare services for T2DM to reduce vision impairment and blindness is urgently warranted.
Primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with extensive lung involvement and negative autoimmune and inflammatory background: A case report and literature review
Authors: Alabdulgader Abdulrahman I. , Nabhan Arwa A. , Althubaity Arwa M. , Alsaid Abir H. , Alsaif Hind S. , Abualola Hossain A. , Al-Mulhim Mohammed A. , Alsayyah Ahmed A. , Aldarweesh Mohammed I.
Published: July 2024

Primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a very rare presentation of MALT lymphoma. The presence of a completely negative autoimmune and inflammatory background makes it a real challenge and very rare presentation (probably the second reported case in the literature). We report a case of primary pulmonary MALT lymphoma with negative autoimmune background, demonstrating as multifocal bulky variceal masses causing significant clinical symptoms.
Gender-based Violence in an Indian Resettlement Colony Threatened with Re-eviction
Authors: Surjeet Sheetal , Maji Ishita , Khan Yasmin , Chaudhuri Swadhapriya D. , Punia Jagriti , Ruhil Rohini , Puliyel Jacob
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Od tribals who migrated to India during the Indo-Pakistan partition of 1947 were resettled by the Government of India in 1987 in the Bhatti Mines area near Delhi, India. However, in 1991, the area was declared a wildlife sanctuary, and the tribals were threatened with eviction a second time. We studied gender-based violence (GBV) in this community subjected to repeated displacement.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic randomized sample of 200 households was studied. The revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) questionnaire was used to identify victims of GBV. Correlation with age at marriage, education, household income, deprivation score, and alcoholism were investigated.

Results:

About 33% of women were married before the legal age for marriage – some as young as 10 years. Approximately 26% of households were multidimensionally deprived. About 50% of women reported GBV and 44% reported GBV in the preceding year. Low income and alcohol abuse were independently related to GBV. We did not find an association with underage marriage or the education of the partners.

Discussion:

GBV in the area far exceeded the national average of 30%. The relationship we found between GBV with poverty and alcoholism has been reported in studies from different parts of the world. It may be speculated that the increased GBV in this area could be the result of the hopelessness induced by repeated involuntary displacement suffered by this community. Methods to tackle the menace of GBV, even in the adverse circumstances of this community, are discussed.
A Comprehensive Survey of Text Encoders for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
Authors: Fang Shun
Published: July 2024

In this comprehensive survey, we delve into the realm of text encoders for text-to-image diffusion models, focusing on the principles, challenges, and opportunities associated with these encoders. We explore the state-of-the-art models, including BERT, T5-XXL, and CLIP, that have revolutionized the way we approach language understanding and cross-modal interactions. These models, with their unique architectures and training techniques, enable remarkable capabilities in generating images from textual descriptions. However, they also face limitations and challenges, such as computational complexity and data scarcity. We discuss these issues and highlight potential opportunities for further research. By providing a comprehensive overview, this survey aims to contribute to the ongoing development of text-to-image diffusion models, enabling more accurate and efficient image generation from textual inputs.
Effect of Temperature and Frequency on the Viscoelastic Behavior of
Commercial 6082 (Al–Mg–Si) Alloy
Authors: Rojas Jose I. , Contel Alejandro , Crespo Daniel
Published: July 2024

The viscoelastic response of pure Al and commercial 6082 and 6082-T6 (Al–Mg–Si)
alloys is measured with dynamic–mechanical analyzer as a function of temperature
(ranging from 35 to 425°C) and loading frequency (ranging from 0.01 to 100 Hz).
The measured data (the storage modulus, loss modulus, and mechanical damping)
are compared to available transmission electron microscopy and differential
scanning calorimetry data, to ascertain whether unexplained variations of the
viscoelastic behavior of the alloys can be correlated to phase transformations.
The results suggest that some of these variations may be controlled by the
formation and dissolution of metastable phases, such as Guinier–Preston (GP)
zones and phases β″, β′, and B′. Indeed, GP zones and phase β″ have been
reported to control other mechanical properties. However, due to the high
complexity of the aging path of Al–Mg–Si alloys, with formation and dissolution
reactions of many precipitate types overlapping along wide temperature
intervals, further research is necessary to establish unequivocally the
contribution of each individual phase transformation to the overall viscoelastic
behavior. Finally, an internal friction peak related to grain boundary sliding
is significantly smaller in the alloys compared to pure Al, probably because the
precipitates pin the grain boundaries.
Firefighting Vehicle Dispatch and Route Planning Model Based on
Priority Passage Rights
Authors: Wei Shibo , Gu Yu , Liu Han
Published: July 2024

Efficient fire rescue operations in urban environments are critical for saving
lives and reducing property damage. By utilizing connected vehicle systems (CVS)
for firefighting vehicles planning, we can reduce the response time to fires
while lowering the operational costs of fire stations. This research presents an
innovative nonlinear mixed-integer programming model to enhance fire rescue
operations in urban settings. The model focuses on expediting the movement of
firefighting vehicles within intricate traffic networks, effectively tackling
the complexities associated with collaborative dispatch decisions and optimal
path planning for multiple response units. This method is validated using a
small-scale traffic network, providing foundational insights into parameter
impacts. A case study in Sioux Falls shows its superiority over traditional
“nearest dispatch” methods, optimizing both cost and response time
significantly. Sensitivity analyses involving clearance speed, clearance time,
minimum rescue force, and fire loss parameters contribute to the enhancement of
urban fire rescue operations and the refinement of practical decision support
systems.
Optimizing Power Consumption in Machining Nickel-Based Superalloys:
Strategies for Energy Efficiency
Authors: Başaran Alper , Özer Mahmut , Kazan Hakan
Published: July 2024

In the face of the world’s population growth and ensuing demands, the industrial
sector assumes a crucial role in the management of limited energy supplies.
Superalloys based on nickel, which are well-known for their remarkable
mechanical qualities and resilience to corrosion, are now essential in vital
applications like rocket engines, gas turbines, and aviation. However, these
metals’ toughness presents a number of difficulties during machining operations,
especially with regard to power consumption. This abstract explores the
variables that affect power consumption during the machining of superalloys
based on nickel in great detail and suggests ways to improve energy efficiency
in this area. The effects of important variables on power consumption are
extensively investigated, including cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool
geometry, and cooling/lubrication techniques. A careful balance between these
factors is necessary to maximize machining efficiency and reduce power usage.
Furthermore, this study reviews the effect of different heat source applications
on power consumption and the resultant quality of machined nickel-based
superalloys. Additionally, the critical role of cooling and lubrication in
mitigating the adverse effects of high temperatures generated during machining
is thoroughly examined. Innovative cooling strategies, including cryogenic or
high-pressure coolant systems, are explored as potential avenues to enhance heat
dissipation and minimize power requirements. In essence, this abstract not only
sheds light on the challenges inherent in machining nickel-based superalloys but
also offers actionable insights into how energy efficiency can be maximized
through strategic parameter optimization and the adoption of innovative cooling
techniques. By addressing these aspects, manufacturers can effectively navigate
the complexities of machining superalloys while minimizing their environmental
footprint and operational costs.