bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bigoted Insults, Harm, and the Intentional Infliction of Pain: A Reply to Bell
Authors: Miller Dale E.
Published: January 2025

Melina Constantine Bell (2021) argues that J. S. Mill's harm principle permits society to coercively interfere with the use of bigoted insults, since these insults are harmful on “a more expansive, modern, conception of harm.” According to Bell, these insults are harmful in virtue of their contributing to detrimental objective states like health problems. I argue that people with illiberal dispositions might have intense and sustained negative subjective reactions to behavior that the harm principle ought to protect, reactions intense enough to affect their health or other objective interests. Bell's way of thinking about harm therefore has illiberal implications. Yet I agree with her that bigoted insults should be regarded as harmful. I therefore propose an alternative way of understanding harm according to which subjective pain is a harm when it is intentionally caused.
Interparental mutually responsive orientation during pregnancy impacts toddler socioemotional development by promoting parent-infant relational dynamics
Authors: Ramsdell Erin L. , Laifer Lauren M. , McCoy Kelsey , Brock Rebecca L.
Published: January 2025

Child socioemotional difficulties emerge as early as infancy, increase over time, and place children at risk for future internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The aim of the present study was to investigate pathways that originate within the interparental relationship during pregnancy and unfold during infancy that mitigate risk for toddler socioemotional difficulties and to examine the differential effects of these pathways for children with varying degrees of temperamental fearfulness. Specifically, we examined whether dyadic mutually responsive orientation (MRO; i.e., a system of attunement, reciprocity, cooperation, and warmth) observed in the prenatal interparental relationship and in both mother-infant and father-infant relationships predicted child socioemotional functioning at age 2. Findings revealed a significant direct effect of observed prenatal interparental MRO on mother-infant and father-infant MRO. Results also demonstrated an indirect effect of prenatal interparental MRO on socioemotional functioning via father-infant MRO. Temperamental fearfulness did not interact with interparental MRO, mother-infant MRO, or father-infant MRO to impact socioemotional functioning. Taken together, findings suggest high interparental MRO during pregnancy contributes to similar relational qualities in the parent-infant relationship and mitigates the risk for toddler socioemotional difficulties. Further, results underscore the importance of integrating fathers into prevention and intervention efforts when they are part of the family system.
Transcatheter tricuspid valve-in-valve implantation in a paediatric patient: a case report
Authors: Öztürk Musa , Aykan Hayrettin Hakan , Karagöz Tevfik
Published: January 2025

Percutaneous interventions have become significant in the management of congenital heart diseases, with transcatheter procedures being increasingly used for valve dysfunction, particularly for cases requiring repetitive surgeries. This abstract presents a successful transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation in a 16-year-old patient with severe tricuspid regurgitation following a bioprosthetic tricuspid valve replacement. The procedure involved transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation using the Mammoth 25x40 mm balloon catheter and the 26 mm Myval transcatheter heart valve system (Meril Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, Vapi, Gujarat, India), resulting in immediate improvement in right atrial pressure and regurgitation. The patient underwent an electrophysiological assessment as part of the follow-up and was discharged with a normal sinus rhythm. Tricuspid valve interventions, although less common, are essential in congenital heart diseases, which necessitate prosthetic heart valve implantation due to long-term complications. The valve-in-valve procedure offers a safe alternative, especially in paediatric patients, for reducing risks caused by repetitive surgeries, providing a valuable treatment option in experienced centres.
How Relevant are Male Factors for Fertilization and Early Embryo Development? Looking into the (Epi)genome, Proteome and Metabolome
Authors: Yeste Marc
Published: January 2025

Infertility affects 10–15% of couples at the age of conception. Mounting evidence supports that not only are paternal factors crucial during fertilization, but also for embryogenesis. This review aims to provide some clues about the contribution of male factors to reproductive success and live birth, as such contributions can be as important as that of the female. Semen is composed of two fractions: sperm and seminal plasma. Regarding the former, the integrity of sperm components (i.e., centrioles, DNA integrity and methylation, histone-to-protamine ration, specific proteins, etc.) has been proven to be essential for some of the events occurring upon engulfment of the spermatozoon into the oocyte cytoplasm. The metabolic status of sperm also seems to shape their potential fertilizing capacity. Furthermore, seminal plasma appears to modulate the female reproductive tract, and has been suggested to support embryo implantation. In spite of the aforementioned, it remains largely unaddressed how paternal factors interact with maternal ones, and whether the latter may mask the former. While assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are useful to rescue infertility, a better understanding about the contribution of semen to fertilization, embryo development and implantation can increase the efficiency of these techniques, and address further the causes of total fertilization failure, implantation deficiency and recurrent miscarriage.
Perceptions of primary care services among Afro-Peruvians in Lima, Peru
Authors: Juárez-Chávez Elisa , Villalobos Ruiz José H. , Konda Kelika A. , Urday-Fernández Dayana , Cuba-Fuentes María Sofía
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

The Peruvian public healthcare system is characterized by various shortcomings that adversely affect healthcare quality as perceived by the general and minority populations, including the Afro-Peruvian community. This population has demonstrated reduced healthcare access due to discrimination and differential treatment, reflecting broader societal inequities.

Objective:

This study explores the experiences and perceptions of Afro-Peruvian individuals regarding the treatment they receive from public primary healthcare providers in metropolitan Lima.

Methods:

In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with Afro-Peruvian individuals recruited from Lima. They were selected based on their responses to a survey conducted in a previous study, which indicated a high or low perception of intercultural adaptation in healthcare. The interviews explored their experiences with healthcare services and their perceptions about their interactions with health providers. The qualitative analysis involved topic coding to interpret the data.

Results:

We interviewed 19 Afro-Peruvians, including 15 women and 4 men, ages 26 to 70. The findings reveal that Afro-Peruvians generally experience mistreatment in the healthcare system. In their opinion, this is associated with systemic issues such as poor infrastructure, low salaries, and insufficient time allocated for patient care. Furthermore, participants perceive receiving poor quality and inefficient service not only from providers but also from the system presents difficulties in other processes, such as getting the appointment.

Conclusions:

This study highlights significant areas for improvement in the public healthcare system, specifically enhancing the quality of patient care, improving communication, and upgrading healthcare infrastructure to serve the Afro-Peruvian community better. These insights could guide the development of targeted policy recommendations and practical interventions to address healthcare disparities and improve access to quality healthcare services for minority populations.
Season × genotype interaction studies for identification of stable performing accessions for pod yield and attributing traits in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Mahadevaiah Channappa , Dhananjaya Mudki Virupakshappa
Published: January 2025

Additive main effects and multiplicative interactive effect stability model (AMMI) was used in the present study to understand the impact of season × genotype interaction (SGI) on pod yield and its attributing traits. A total of 86 determinate growth habit type French bean germplasm were evaluated in randomized block design with two replications in three different seasons. Significant variability was observed for genotypes, seasons and SGI. The component ‘seasons’ contributed more than 50% of variability to pod yield, pod number per plant and days to flowering (DFL), and ‘genotypes’ accounted more than 50% of phenotypic variation for pod length and pod width. The SGI signals were observed for pod yield per plant, number of pods per plant, pod weight and DFL, and SGI accounted for more than 20% phenotypic variability for all traits. We identified IIHR-155 and IIHR-11 as the promising genotypes across three seasons based on their position on AMMI biplots, stability indices combined with high trait mean, estimates of best linear unbiased prediction and minimal crossover interaction. The results from the present study are highly useful for utilization in crop improvement programmes to evolve the season-specific varieties and varieties with wide adaptability in French bean.
Design and Optimization of a Low‐Cost 5‐m Radio Telescope at Princess Nourah University (PNU), Saudi Arabia
Authors: Allawi Yazan M. , Moneer Eman M. , Shbat Modar , Dyab Walid M. , Banisalman Mosab J. , Alwadai Norah M.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the design and optimization of a low‐cost, 5‐m radio telescope developed at Princess Nourah University (PNU), focusing on the 1,420 MHz spectral line of neutral hydrogen (HI) for studying the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way galaxy. The design process integrates key principles of radio telescope engineering, including the optimization of the parabolic dish's geometry, reflectivity, and feed horn design and positioning. Key design outcomes include achieving a sensitivity of and an angular resolution of 2.94° providing our telescope with the ability to detect faint cosmic signals. Additionally, the focal length was optimized at 1.75 m with conical feed horn of circular aperture radius of 81.7 mm providing a directivity of 6.47 dB and an aperture efficiency of 51% achieving semi‐optimal illumination for the designed reflector to minimize the signal loss. The resulting telescope gain of approximately 35 dB supports clear signal capture within the required frequency range. These performance metrics were verified through both simulations and experimental observations, confirming the high performance of our proposed radio telescope design. The advantages of this design include its affordability, replicability, and suitability for educational and research purposes, making it an accessible tool for radio astronomy studies in developing regions. The proposed radio telescope offers a cost‐effective solution for institutions seeking to engage in astronomical research and develop hands‐on learning experiences in antenna design and signal processing.
The Deleterious Dust of the Salton Sea
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: January 2025

Coarse particulate matter deriving from California’s largest lake is linked to an increased risk of respiratory-related hospitalizations.
A new electoral bottom-up model of institutional governance
Authors: Garrido Carlos M. , Santos Francisco C. , Fernández Domingos Elias , Nunes Ana M. , Pacheco Jorge M.
Published: January 2025

The sustainable governance of Global Risky Commons (GRC)—global commons in the presence of a sizable risk of overall failure—is ubiquitous and requires a global solution. A prominent example is the mitigation of the adverse effects of global warming. In this context, the Collective Risk Dilemma (CRD) provides a convenient baseline model which captures many important features associated with GRC type problems by formulating them as problems of cooperation. Here we make use of the CRD to develop, for the first time, a bottom-up institutional governance framework of GRC. We find that the endogenous creation of local institutions that require a minimum consensus amongst group members—who, in turn, decide the nature of the institution (reward/punishment) via an electoral process—leads to higher overall cooperation than previously proposed designs, especially at low risk, proving that carrots and sticks implemented through local voting processes are more powerful than other designs. The stochastic evolutionary game theoretical model framework developed here further allows us to directly compare our results with those stemming from previous models of institutional governance. The model and the methods employed here are relevant and general enough to be applied to a variety of contemporary interdisciplinary problems.
GABAergic neurons in basal forebrain exert frequency-specific modulation on auditory cortex and enhance attentional selection of auditory stimuli
Authors: Thomas Kevin , Azimi Hamid , Maggioni Davide , Sanders Mark , Sánchez Pilar Vaca , Harvey Michael A. , Rainer Gregor
Published: January 2025

The basal forebrain (BF), in particular its cholinergic projections to cortex, has been implicated in regulation of attention in sensory systems. Here, we examine the role of GABAergic projections of the posterior nucleus basalis (pNB) and globus pallidus (GP) in attentional regulation in the auditory system. We employed a detection task where rats detected a narrow band target embedded in broad band noise, while optogenetically modulating GABAergic BF activity. We found that GABAergic BF modulation impacted target detection specifically close to perceptual threshold, consistent with a role in attentional modulation. We also present evidence for target frequency specificity of this modulation, including frequency selectivity and tonotopic organization of pNB/GP, as well as frequency band specific effects of optogenetics on behavioural target detection and on neural activity in auditory cortex and thalamus. Our findings highlight an important role of BF GABAergic neurons in modulating attention in the auditory pathway.
Upcycling of spent LiCoO2: engineering the coordination-trapping behavior towards conversion-type anodes for advanced Li-storage
Authors: Zeng Zihao , Lei Hai , Wen Yunpeng , Zhu Chao , Li Jiexiang , Sun Wei , Yang Yue , Ge Peng
Published: January 2025

Based on its high economic/sustainability value, the upcycling of spent cathodes into anodes has been deemed to be an alternative strategy to traditional chemical synthesis.
Tetragonal NaVPO4F@rGO nanocomposite as a high-rate cathode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Jiajie , Yang Shenghong , Xu Peiyin , Shi Xiaoyan , Xu Junling , Shao Lianyi , Sun Yan , Sun Zhipeng
Published: January 2025

The addition of the rGO enhances the electronic conductivity of NaVPO4F, offering remarkable rate capability and long cycling performance.
The influence of the crystal sponge framework on guest molecule conformation
Authors: Soper Eleanor M. , Coles Simon J. , Day Graeme M.
Published: January 2025

This study provides fundamental understanding of the impact of the crystalline sponge on guest molecule conformation by evaluating geometric distortion from ideal, gas phase calculated geometries and the related energetic cost.
Phosphorus-incorporated layered carbon nitride films and their electronic and magnetic properties
Authors: Kurimoto Natsuko , Urakami Noriyuki , Hashimoto Yoshio , Liu Xiaoxi
Published: January 2025

The incorporation of a phosphorus atom at the carbon site of layered carbon nitride films acted as a donor impurity, leading to emergence of magnetism.
Continuous flow synthesis of cyclobutenes via lithium ynolates
Authors: Kohyama Aki , Namioka Motoki , Naka Hiroshi , Ashikari Yosuke , Nagaki Aiichiro , Takikawa Hiroshi , Yamaoka Yousuke , Takasu Kiyosei
Published: January 2025

Batch reactions that involve the generation of highly reactive species require a cryogenic temperature, complicated manipulations by chemists, and higher amounts of reagents, resulting in energy wastage and high costs.
Mechanochemical fluorination of unactivated tertiary alkyl chlorides
Authors: Wang Jiemin , Yang Xueyan , Peng Cheng , Pei Mengyao , Wei Xiaofeng
Published: January 2025

We present the first catalyst-free fluorination of unactivated tertiary alkyl halides via ball milling. This method offers short reaction times, minimal solvent usage, and is applicable to the synthesis of key intermediates for ledipasvir.
Catalysis in sustainable energy resources: overview studies of hydrogen, methane, biomass and plastics
Authors: Ni Yuwen , Tian Jingqing , Han Zhe , Chai Yuchao , Zhao Chen , Wu Guangjun , Li Landong
Published: January 2025

Building a sustainable energy system is currently a major challenge. In this review, we introduce catalysis of promising sustainable energy systems, aiming to draw attention to sustainable development in energy.
High-precision measurement of Eu isotopes enabled by Nd internal normalization
Authors: Wu Hao , Bai Jiang-Hao , Liang Xi-Rong , Lu Xi-Bin , Li Yong-Ying , Deng Yi-Nan , Zhao Ye , Wei Gang-Jian
Published: January 2025

The similarity in Nd–Eu fractionation behavior has been observed using MC-ICP-MS. This finding enables the application of the Nd internal standard method for Eu isotope analysis, achieving a precision better than 0.04‰ (2SD).
Advancing microfluidic design with machine learning: a Bayesian optimization approach
Authors: Kundacina Ivana , Kundacina Ognjen , Miskovic Dragisa , Radonic Vasa
Published: January 2025

The proposed Bayesian optimization-based approach enhances micromixer performance by optimizing geometric parameters, significantly reducing required number of simulations, and accelerating the design process compared to conventional methods.
Respirator-inspired shielding and catalytic oxidation strategies for smoke-suppression polymers, enhancing fire safety
Authors: Guo Shuai-Qi , He Lei , Fang Dan-Xuan , Wu Ya-Nan , Zeng Fu-Rong , Chen Ming-Jun , Zhao Hai-Bo , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: January 2025

Polymeric materials pose potential fire hazards to both humans and property because of their intrinsic flammability and the toxic smoke generated by them upon burning.
Controllable modification of the Inδ+–Ov interface on In2O3 for efficient carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Wang Ying , Ma Xinyu , Cheng Bo , Ling Jiandong , Hu Yushuang , Zhou Shijian , Kong Yan
Published: January 2025

As is well known, catalytic performance is closely related to the interfacial properties of the catalysts. This article introduces metastable Inδ+(2 < δ <3) to form an Inδ+–OV interface, thereby improving catalytic performance.
Heterostructure engineering of the N-doped NiMoO4 two-phase electrocatalyst for industrial large-scale synthesis of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid
Authors: Zhang Ximin , Wang Ao , Wang Wenbiao , Xu Gang , Dong Shijiao , Cai Meiqing , Song Jun-Ling
Published: January 2025

In this work, we construct a N-doped α,β-NiMoO4 electrode for enhancing the selective electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA).
A two-dimensional silicon-containing organic framework facilitates lithium-ion migration in solid-state polymer electrolytes
Authors: Wang Kaihang , Zhang Luwei , Jiang Chao , Guo Rongxi , Tian Liang , Wang Ning
Published: January 2025

A novel two-dimensional silicon-containing organic framework (2D SiOF) enhances the Li-ion migration of PEO-based solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPE). Li//LiFePO4 full cell with SiOF-modified PEO SPE exhibits superior cycling performance.
Columnar liquid-crystalline compounds based on phosphine oxide: effects of structures of the flexible chains on their self-assembling behavior
Authors: Bi Jingze , Uchida Junya , Kato Takashi
Published: January 2025

Triphenylphosphine oxide-based liquid-crystalline materials with alkene-terminated side chains showed improved electric field responsiveness evidenced by easier homeotropic alignment in alternating current and direct current electric fields.
Electrocatalytic biomass upgrading coupled with hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction
Authors: Li Shuke , Ye Lin , Cen Wanglai , Sun Dengrong
Published: January 2025

This review gives a detailed summary on the biomass upgrading coupled with electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction, with critical challenges and perspectives provided to inspire more efforts in pushing forward the future development.
Novel zinc(ii) phthalocyanine nanoparticles as a diagnosis–treatment nanoprobe for photoacoustic-imaging-guided synergistic photothermal/photodynamic-enhanced cancer therapy
Authors: He Min , Bin Yidong , Huang Lixian , Li Caiying , Ma Yuzhen , Luo Yanni , Zhao Shulin , Liang Jinzhe
Published: January 2025

In this work, novel zinc(ii) phthalocyanine nanoparticles (ZnPcNPs) have been developed and verified to be a promising PTT/PDT agent with a high photoconversion efficiency of 30.01% under 660 nm NIR-I laser exposure.
The X-ray structure of the adduct formed upon reaction of aurothiomalate with apo-transferrin: gold binding sites and a unique transferrin structure along the apo/holo transition pathway
Authors: Troisi Romualdo , Galardo Francesco , Messori Luigi , Sica Filomena , Merlino Antonello
Published: January 2025

The interaction of aurothiomalate with the apo-form of transferrin (hTF) was studied by X-ray crystallography. Data provide information on gold binding sites and on a unique structure along the apo-hTF/holo-hTF transition pathway.
Ligand-modulated phosphine-free Ni(ii) complexes for Z-selective semi-transfer hydrogenation of alkynes and dual transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated ketones using ammonia borane
Authors: Ghosh Tanmoy Kumar , Sau Anirban , Mahapatra Divya , Kundu Sabuj
Published: January 2025

The critical balance between reactivity and selectivity in transfer hydrogenation reactions has been investigated through strategic ligand and catalyst design.
Holistic analysis of Ganga basin water quality: a statistical approach with WQI, HMCI, HMQI and HRI indices
Authors: Tiwari Dipti , Kumar Rajendra , Yadav Monika , Gupta Gopal Kumar , Singh Santosh kumar , Dhapekar Nishikant Kishor , Alotaibi Majed A. , Sharma Renuka
Published: January 2025

The Ganga river, one of the largest and most culturally significant rivers in India, supports millions of people living along its banks.
Magnesium-ion-doped silica nanosheets as degradable drug carriers with enhanced antibacterial activity and cellular uptake
Authors: Liao Ruohan , Zhang Chengdong , Wang Zechuang , Li Xingping , Pu Chao , Luo Xuwei , Feng Gang , Su Qiang , Xiao Dongqin
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of degradable magnesium-ion-doped silica nanosheets (MgMSNs) that exhibit antibacterial activity and cellular uptake capability positions them as promising candidates for drug delivery systems.
The role of cytosine methylation in regulating the topology and liquid–liquid phase separation of DNA G-quadruplexes
Authors: Tsuruta Mitsuki , Shil Sumit , Taniguchi Shinya , Kawauchi Keiko , Miyoshi Daisuke
Published: January 2025

Cytosine methylation suppresses liquid–liquid phase separation of DNA G-quadruplex by inducing topology transition of G-quadruplex from parallel to antiparallel.
Leveraging synthetic imagery and YOLOv8 for a novel colorimetric approach to paper-based point-of-care male fertility testing
Authors: Özarslan Olgac , Tokyay Begum Kubra , Soylemez Cansu , Birtek Mehmet Tugrul , Uygun Zihni Onur , Keles İpek , Aydogan Mathyk Begum , Halicigil Cihan , Tasoglu Savas
Published: January 2025

The development of paper-based systems has revolutionized point-of-care (POC) applications by enabling rapid, robust, accurate and sensitive biochemical analysis, infectious disease diagnosis, and fertility monitoring.
Using ultrasonic oil–water nano-emulsions to purify lithium-ion battery black mass
Authors: Lei Chunhong , Ryder Karl S. , Abbott Andrew P. , Yang Jake M.
Published: January 2025

Long-loop recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is neither sustainable nor economical at scale.
Enhanced ammonia sensing with the MAPbBr3 perovskite and (R/S)-OBN-tCz: a study on sensitivity and stability improvements
Authors: Zhang Chang , Zhang Xin , Wang Wei , Xue Hao , He Qian , Li Fenglin , Wang Xiaoli , Jin Qinghui , Zhou Kun , Jian Jiawen
Published: January 2025

The performance of an NH3 sensor featuring MAPbBr3 as the luminescent core is enhanced with the introduction of an AIE material through FRET and defect passivation, enabling this nanofiber-based NH3 sensor to achieve high sensitivity and stability.
Correction: Inhibitory effects of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) peptides on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Yang Meilian , Wu Di , Cheng Shuzhen , Dong Yu , Wu Chao , Wang Zhenyu , Du Ming
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Inhibitory effects of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) peptides on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice’ by Meilian Yang et al., Food Funct., 2022, 13, 1975–1988, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1FO03696C.
Efficient and sustainable recycling of waste gallium arsenide semiconductors based on triiodide ionic liquids
Authors: Yin Xiaolu , Wang Shuping , Liu Ronghao , Liu Xiaoxia , Li Jun , Yang Yanzhao
Published: January 2025

This work proposes a sustainable triiodide IL-based leaching system to recycle waste GaAs, with enhanced environmental friendliness and safety, and reduced energy costs and environmental pressures.
Multi‐agent track confirmation utilising reinforcement learning and game theoretics
Authors: Dolinger Geoffrey , Sharp Timothy , Lavender Bryan , Stringer Alexander , Karch Joseph , Bowersox Adam , Metcalf Justin
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the problem of track conformation for a search and evade challenge within the context of the radar resource management domain. To analyse how agent collaboration affects the ability of multiple radar agents in confirming an evasive target, a high‐fidelity radar simulation was designed. The simulated radar environment implements a realistic noise and clutter distribution and uses a generalised likelihood ratio test to make detections. The challenge is implemented as a limited information game with a highly evasive target attempting to reach one of four objective points before the track is confirmed by collaborative confirmation agents. Multiple Gaussian heuristic methods are compared with a reinforcement learning approach as the action selection agent. Three game theory strategies were also implemented: non‐collaborative best response, collaborative best response, and leader‐follower consensus. The results explore the effect of false alarms on confirmation performance and the impact of collaborative game theory applied to the agents versus isolated performance.
The MSG model for cloudy sub-stellar atmospheres
Authors: Campos Estrada Beatriz , Lewis David A. , Helling Christiane , Booth Richard A. , Ardévol Martínez Francisco , Jørgensen Uffe G.
Published: January 2025

Context. State-of-the-art JWST observations are unveiling unprecedented views into the atmospheres of sub-stellar objects in the infrared, further highlighting the importance of clouds. Current forward models struggle to fit the silicate clouds absorption feature at ∼10 µm observed in sub-stellar atmospheres.

Aims. In the MSG model, we aim to couple the MARCS 1D radiative-convective equilibrium atmosphere model with the 1D kinetic, stationary, non-equilibrium cloud formation model DRIFT, also known as StaticWeather, to create a new grid of self-consistent cloudy sub-stellar atmosphere models with microphysical cloud formation. We aim to test if this new grid is able to reproduce the silicate cloud absorption feature at ∼10 µm.

Methods. We modelled sub-stellar atmospheres with effective temperatures in the range Teff = 1200–2500 K and with log(ɡ) = 4.0. We computed atmospheric structures that self-consistently account for condensate cloud opacities based on microphysical properties. We present an algorithm based on control theory to help converge such self-consistent models. Synthetic atmosphere spectra were computed for each model to explore the observable impact of the cloud microphysics. We additionally explored the impact of choosing different nucleation species (TiO2 or SiO) and the effect of less efficient atmospheric mixing on these spectra.

Results. The new MSG cloudy grid using TiO2 nucleation shows spectra that are redder in the near-infrared compared to the currently known population of sub-stellar atmospheres. We find that the models with SiO nucleation and models with reduced mixing efficiency are less red in the near-infrared.

Conclusions. We present a new grid of MSG models for cloudy sub-stellar atmospheres that include cloud radiative feedback from microphysical clouds. The grid is unable to reproduce silicate features similar to the ones found in recent JWST observations and Spitzer archival data. We thoroughly discuss further work that may better approximate the impact of convection in cloud-forming regions and steps that may help resolve the silicate cloud feature.
MUSE observations of V1425 Aql reveal an arc-shaped nova shell
Authors: Celedón Lientur , Tappert Claus , Schmidtobreick Linda , Selman Fernando J.
Published: January 2025

Context. Nova shells are the remnants of a nova eruption in a cataclysmic variable system. By studying their geometry we can better understand the physical mechanisms that shape such shells during the nova eruption. A nova shell that challenges our current understanding of these processes is the shell observed around V1425 Aql. It has at least two different components: an inner, symmetric shell and an outer, asymmetric shell, with the latter expanding faster than the former. The physical reason for the asymmetric ejecta is not clear.

Aims. We aim to characterise the properties of and differences between these two components to understand the origin of the unusual shape.

Methods. We acquired MUSE data to study the spatial position and kinematics of the expanding gas across the shell. Our analysis involved channel maps, position-velocity diagrams, and the reconstruction of the 3D geometry of the nova shell.

Results. Several emission lines are detected within the MUSE wavelength coverage, including but not limited to Balmer, oxygen, nitrogen, and helium lines. There are significant differences in the spectra of the inner and outer shells, with the latter being observed only in forbidden transitions, and the former in a mix of forbidden and allowed ones. Our analysis reveals that the outer shell has a geometry consistent with an arc-shaped structure that partially encircles the more spherical inner shell. Within the inner shell, clumpy structures start to be noticeable in the lines of Hα+[N II].

Conclusions. We have constrained the geometry of the outer shell to an arc-shaped structure, although the physical reason for its origin still eludes us. Further monitoring of the evolution of both shells of this object might help clarify the mechanism behind this unusual configuration.
Aerodynamic Comparison of Conventional and Bioinspired Turbines for Enhanced Wind Energy Applications in Low Wind Conditions
Authors: Quesada-Bedoya Luis Felipe , Lebrun-Llano David , Espitia-Mesa Gabriel , Tamayo-Avendaño Jorge Mario , Osorio-Gómez Gilberto
Published: January 2025

Wind energy is projected to account for 35% of global production by 2050, with a significant contribution from large wind farms located in high-wind-speed areas. However, in low-wind regions, it is necessary to adapt turbines to maximize efficiency. This has led to the development of blades based on biomimetic principles, which improve performance in such conditions. To validate this approach, a comparative aerodynamic analysis is proposed between a conventional and a bio-inspired turbine. The proposed methodology involves using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) to predict the behavior of both designs. Variables such as power coefficients (Cp), thrust (Ct), axial force, and torque are evaluated, comparing the performance of the rotors under identical conditions. The goal is to determine the feasibility of bio-inspired turbines and their adaptation to horizontal-axis wind turbines at low wind speeds, starting from 2.5 m/s. The results, validated in CFD and BEMT simulations, show that bio-inspired turbines have up to 33% higher performance compared to conventional rotors, highlighting their potential to improve wind energy efficiency under adverse environmental conditions, especially in regions where wind speeds are low or inconsistent. This demonstrates the viability of bio-inspired designs in enhancing renewable energy technologies.
Investigating the effects of hyperparameter sensitivity on machine learning algorithms for PV forecasting
Authors: Ehtsham Muhammad , Rotilio Marianna , Cucchiella Federica , Di Giovanni Gianni , Schettini Domenico
Published: January 2025

Machine Learning (ML) models have been introduced in the past, and users have debated whether to tune the hyperparameters of the models. This study investigates the effects of tuning the hyperparameters of the ML models and summarizes the models that are most sensitive to hyperparameter tuning. This study leveraged the historic energy production data of two already operational PV plants. Four state-of-the-art ML models, namely Decision Trees (DT), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Regression (SVR) were investigated. All the ML models were trained with the same training features (meteorological estimates) obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Power project, with the daily PV energy production selected as the target variable. Models were developed and executed with default and tuned hyperparameters using an 85-15% train-test split. The results revealed that all the models showed improved performance with the tuned hyperparameters. However, the DT and SVR models depicted significantly improved RMSE after tuning of the hyperparameters. The RMSE of DT improved from 111 kWh/d to 75 kWh/d for one plant and from 442 kWh/d to 270 kWh/d for the second plant after tuning the hyperparameters. Similarly, the RMSE of SVR improved from 59 kWh/d to 50 kWh/d in the first case, and in the second case, the improvement of RMSE from 536 kWh/d to 294 kWh/d was observed. The efficiency of the RF and KNN models also improved to some extent after tuning, but the RMSE closely agreed with the default hyperparameters in one case study, making the RF and KNN less prone to hyperparameter sensitivity. This study concluded with the finding that it is necessary to tune the hyperparameters of the DT and SVR models, specifically for energy forecasting. Moreover, the results of this study also highlight the significance of meteorological estimates from NASA’s Power project, as models successfully discerned the complex energy forecast patterns. The dataset is deemed suitable for energy forecasting for areas with sparse ground-based observatories and may serve as a baseline dataset for training the ML models.
Proof of concept for using banana waste based binders in sawdust briquetting: Comparative studies between raw and carbonized sawdust
Authors: Gratitude Charis , Patel Bilal , Chigondo Marko , Rusere Morgen , Maposa Munashe
Published: January 2025

A comparative study of carbonized versus raw sawdust briquettes production using a banana waste based binder was conducted. The binder was formulated from banana pseudo stem, pith, ripe banana, green banana in the ratio 2:2:1:1. Sawdust was pyrolyzed at temperature ranges of 300-350℃, 370-470℃ and 600-700℃. Briquettes were produced using a gravity aided press (GAP). The mechanical and combustion properties of the briquettes were compared to assess binder effectiveness on both feedstocks as well as the extent of improvement introduced by carbonization. Comparable shatter indices of 0.96 and 0.95 and densities of 425 kg/m3 and 685 kg/m3 for carbonized and raw sawdust-based briquettes respectively indicated that the binder performs well with both feedstocks. Proximate analysis indicated that carbonization increased the solid fuel quality through a 39%, 16% and 41% decrease in moisture content, volatile matter and ash content respectively, and a 35% increase in fixed carbon. Carbonized briquettes demonstrated shorter ignition time, a steadier burn rate, shorter time to boil and higher calorific value by factors of 53%, 47%, 32% and 15% respectively compared to raw sawdust briquettes. Conclusively, banana waste-based binders can be used with carbonized sawdust to produce higher fuel quality briquettes for grilling and space heating.
Visualization Method of Heat Risk through Light Environment Reproduction Considering Cloud Coverage
Authors: Shibata Ryoya , Ozaki Taira , Kubota Satoshi , Yasumuro Yoshihiro
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the number of heatstroke patients in Japan has been increasing, necessitating public awareness and precautions. While the Ministry of the Environment provides heat index information for urban area scales online, there are no means to obtain localized heat index data. Previous studies have visualized the heat index of varying heat environments using game engines based on public 3D data and meteorological information by rendering sunlight and shadows as computer graphics (CG). However, the applicability is limited to clear weather conditions. This study focuses on the fact that heat stress on the human body depends not only on solar radiation but also on meteorological factors such as humidity and that the risk of heatstroke is not necessarily higher only under clear weather. We develop a model to estimate cloud cover parameters from observed meteorological elements. By generating cloud cover within the game engine according to the weather conditions, we reproduce the celestial light environment and expand the applicability of heat risk visualization.
Assessing the Evolution of Urban Areas, Vegetation, and Surface Temperature in Dubai Using Remote Sensing
Authors: Uppin Prateek , Sabobeb Lara , Mikhai Engy , Ali Tarig
Published: January 2025

This study uses remote sensing to assess the evolution of Dubai’s urban areas, vegetation, and surface temperature. With Dubai being one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, changes to the urban landscape occur rapidly, making it essential to analyze and plan for sustainable growth. The images were downloaded from the U.S. Geological Survey database, stacked, mosaiced on ERDAS, and clipped using ArcGIS software. The temporal assessment of urban growth and vegetation in Dubai was carried out using five Landsat images, i.e., 2000, 2013, 2016, 2019, and 2022, which provided valuable insights into the city’s environmental and developmental changes through analysis of urban areas’ density, NDVI, and LST from satellite images. The project results show an increase in urban areas over the years, changes in vegetation land, and temperature variations. This aims to improve and plan for future developments with environmental considerations.
Efficient Degradation of Congo Red Under Ultrasonic Irradiation Using Carbon Quantum Dots /Cellulose Composites
Authors: Pang Yean Ling , Soh Christopher Chun Min , Lim Steven
Published: January 2025

In this study, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and composites at various concentrations were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the CQDs/composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis, and surface area analysis. The sonocatalytic activities of the CQDs/composites were investigated in an ultrasonic bath to study the degradation of Congo Red. The effects of various parameters, including the oxidant dosage, initial Congo Red concentration and solution pH on the sonocatalytic degradation of Congo Red were examined to optimize the sonocatalytic performance. The optimum condition for degrading 10 mg/L of Congo Red was found to be in the presence of 1.5 g/L of CQD/Cell-0.5, 0.75 mM of sodium persulfate and a solution pH of 3, to achieve a degradation efficiency of 75.0% at ultrasonic frequency of 25 kHz and power of 200 W. Thus, CQD/Cellulose is a promising green, non-metal sonocatalyst for textile wastewater treatment.
Radiolytic Stability of the TEHDGA-Impregnated Silica-Based Adsorbent for Extraction Chromatography
Authors: Miyazaki Yasunori , Sano Yuichi , Ishigami Ryoya
Published: January 2025

Gamma-ray and He2+ ion beam (which is simulating alpha-ray from Am-241, for example) were applied to the TEHDGA adsorbent to evaluate hydrogen gas production, leaching of organics by 3 M HNO3 solution, thermal characteristics and speciation of degradation products. These elements were brought together to assess the stability of the adsorbent after a run of MA separation from an irradiating raffinate of 1 kGy/h dose rate.
Population Balance Solution Using Fixed Point Convergence Acceleration for Steady-State Reactor Networks
Authors: Vasquez Cristian Camilo Ruiz , Lebaz Noureddine , Ramière Isabelle , Bertrand Murielle , Mangin Denis
Published: January 2025

The simulation of industrial crystallizers needs the implementation of multi-compartment models to handle the spatial heterogeneities at lower cost. In this context the study of recycle streams appears as an intermediate step to solve complex reactor networks. In this work, an accelerated fixed-point algorithm is applied to the solution of the crystal size distribution and the liquid phase composition in a structure including two compartments and one recycle stream. The numerical strategy, including fixed-point formulation, acceleration method, initial condition and convergence criteria, is introduced. One of the strengths of the proposed algorithm is that it does not depend on the numerical method used to solve the population balance equation in each compartment. As a case study, the numerical method is performed on the uranium oxalic precipitation. Thanks to this approach, local values of crystallisation kinetics, mass transfer and crystal size distribution are obtained. The evolution of the actinide concentration and the average crystal size follow the theory of the crystallisation mechanisms. Finally, the very satisfactory numerical performances open the way to simulate more complex and demanding reactor network structures.
Efficiency of a macroroughness block ramp in reducing the impact of low-head dams on riverine fish dispersion
Authors: Tomanova Sylvie , Courret Dominique , Richard Sylvain , Mercier Olivier , Guillemin Axel , Labedan Mathilde , Sagnes Pierre
Published: January 2025

Macroroughness ramps (e.g. with a rough bed and protruding blocks evenly distributed in staggered rows) are nature-like fishways offering a wide range of flow conditions and are expected to be very efficient tools to reduce the impact of weirs on the free movements of most life-stages of riverine fish species. However, their in situ efficiency has not been evaluated yet. Here, we used Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) telemetry to monitor during two years the displacement of eleven fish species, on such a macroroughness ramp located on a tributary of the Loire River in France. We (1) evaluated the migration rates of tagged fish species, poorly documented so far; (2) quantified macroroughness ramp attraction and efficiency; and (3) assessed the influence of fish species, fish length and environmental conditions (river discharge and temperature) on these efficiency estimates. All the species detected downstream of the weir successfully crossed the ramp, although at varying rates. Depending on the analytical approach (considering the whole study duration or taking into account different fish attempts), the ramp attraction efficiency ranged between 65.5% and 52.9%, the ramp passage efficiency between 81.8% and 77.0% and the overall efficiency between 53.6% and 41.6%. Fish between 70 and 451 mm in total length were detected crossing the ramp, usually within a short time. In comparison with the efficiency results available for other types of fishways, the macroroughness ramp studied here ranks among the most efficient devices for fish movement restoration.
Le retour des résultats globaux des recherches aux participants
Authors: Momboisse Fanny , Fournié Julie , Richard Bénédicte , Artus Rémy
Published: January 2025

Lorsque des recherches impliquent des participants et/ou leurs échantillons et données, les recommandations en éthique de la recherche mentionnent l’importance de les informer des résultats globaux de celles-ci. Or, cette pratique vertueuse n’est pas systématique et peut présenter des enjeux divers, notamment dans sa mise en œuvre. Les possibles conséquences négatives et le manque de moyens interrogent les équipes de recherche. Dans un contexte nécessaire d’ouverture de la science vers la société, des pistes d’amélioration doivent être envisagées, notamment en étoffant le corpus de la littérature en éthique relative à ce sujet et en produisant des lignes directrices claires et détaillées, afin d’accompagner au mieux les équipes de recherche dans cette pratique.
Chiliombes dans les génomes
Authors: Casane Didier , Baldwin Maude W. , Salzburger Walter , Policarpo Maxime
Published: January 2025

L’existence de familles multigéniques est la conséquence des duplications de gènes. Chez les vertébrés, les gènes codant les chimiorécepteurs impliqués dans l’olfaction constituent souvent de grandes familles, comprenant parfois plusieurs milliers de gènes. Dans ce cas, il est admis qu’un grand nombre de gènes est essentiel pour discriminer la multitude de molécules odorantes différentes, et que la possibilité d’identifier une grande diversité d’odeurs peut être nécessaire à différentes occasions, comme au moment de la recherche de nourriture, de partenaires sexuels, et pour éviter des prédateurs. Il a toutefois été constaté que chez quelques espèces, le nombre de ces gènes est réduit, conséquence d’une perte de très nombreux gènes. Ces chiliombes de gènes n’ont pas toujours été associées à une transformation de la biologie de l’espèce ou de son environnement, mais quelques cas impliquent des changements drastiques, comme le retour à une vie aquatique chez des tétrapodes.
Outgassing reductions via quasi-isentropic ramp compression: A molecular dynamics study in a copper anode
Authors: Pokhrel Y. M. , Portillo S. , Joshi R. P.
Published: January 2025

Outgassing remains an important issue in the context of high-power microwave system operation as it can lead to several undesirable outcomes. Hence, suppression or containment of this phenomena becomes a germane issue. Here, a possible solution strategy based on quasi- isentropic compression (QIC) is probed with quantitative predictions based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Using copper with hydrogen gaseous impurity as an example anode for MD analyses, our results show that a strong and short pressure ramp applied at one surface can lead to a herding of hydrogen atoms toward the opposite face. Such gaseous impurity gathering could set the stage for the efficient surface treatment and cleaning. Additionally, it is shown that upon compression, the surface becomes denser and resistant to subsequent diffusive uptake of hydrogen atoms from the environment, thus, effecting a surface seal. Future work could be aimed to probe QIC for electrode materials with a suitable coating.