bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in a Dental Practice in Spain: After the Outbreak
Authors: Dadlani Shashi
Published: June 2020

The World Health Organization declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, due to a virus named SARS-CoV-2 discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Many countries have been hit hard including Spain, with the highest number of healthcare workers being infected (>50,000). A lack of personal protective equipment and protocols at the time of the outbreak led to many fatalities. Although few of these healthcare workers are dental professionals, this community required protective measures as well. Fortunately, there are no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in dental practices. Dental professionals were advised only to treat dental emergencies, and such cases were screened via telephone to maintain social distancing. Nevertheless, new protocols and measures are needed as dental professionals return to normal practice after weeks of confinement in many countries. Relatively, few articles have discussed the management of dental practice during the SARS-CoV-2 with no known articles on postpandemic outbreak guidelines. Though some protocols and measures are the same, there are also many differences. Here, we describe protocols and measures for dental practice in Spain in accordance with the Spanish Health Ministry.
A Cyanotic Newborn with a Pink Right Upper Extremity
Authors: Beichl Matthias , Hanslik Andreas , Zimpfer Daniel , Rittenschober-Boehm Judith , Nagl Katrin , Michel-Behnke Ina
Published: June 2020

Aberrant origin of the subclavian artery (SCA) is a well-known vascular anomaly as part of congenital heart diseases with the left subclavian artery (LSCA) being more frequently affected than the right subclavian artery (RSCA). Complete isolation of the SCA is an even more infrequent aortic arch anomaly, occurring in less than 1% for the LSCA and even less for the RSCA. Isolation of the RSCA in patients with d-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) is even scanter with only a hand full of cases being reported in the literature. However, isolation of the RSCA has important implications on hemodynamics and surgical strategies. In this case report, we present a newborn patient with D-TGA which presented with distinct differential cyanosis. While the right upper extremity appeared pink with an oxygen saturation of 100%, the rest of the body was cyanotic. At first, this appearance was interpreted as the Harlequin phenomenon during primary care. However, detailed echocardiography revealed an aberrant origin of the RSCA from the right pulmonary artery, which led to the differential cyanosis. The patient underwent arterial switch operation on day of life two including dissection and reimplantation of the RSCA. The special hemodynamic situation of this is discussed in terms of pathophysiology and as well as its impact on perioperative and surgical management.
Dietary Intake across Reproductive Life Stages of Women in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey from 4 Districts of India
Authors: Sharma Shantanu , Akhtar Faiyaz , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Mehra Sunil
Published: June 2020

Nutritional deficiencies among women of reproductive age, especially from socially backward classes, are widely prevalent in India. The present study aimed to assess the nutrient intakes and analyse their associations with sociodemographic attributes among socially backward adolescent girls, newly married women, pregnant women, and lactating mothers from four districts of India. Further, the study looked at the associations between nutrient intakes and anthropometric measurements (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference; and waist-hip ratio, WHR) among adolescents and newly married women. This community-based cross-sectional study used the 24-hour recall method of the dietary survey to assess the food intake of women and girls. Nonparametric tests of associations between sociodemographic characteristics and the median nutrient intakes were conducted. Expected and observed increments in energy and nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating women from the base (requirement of an adult woman) were calculated. A total of 477 pregnant women, 455 lactating mothers, 532 newly married women, and 223 adolescent girls were interviewed. According to the 24-h dietary recall, only 35% of adolescent girls, 57% newly married women, 40% pregnant women, and 34% lactating mothers were able to meet 70% of the recommended energy requirements. A large percentage of pregnant women had less than 50% of the recommended intakes of iron, calcium, and folic acid. Women living in nuclear families, urban slums, and those from backward classes had lower intakes of almost all the nutrients compared to their counterparts (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the nutrient intakes of adolescents, newly married, pregnant, and lactating women, and all had poor dietary intakes. We found positive relationships of all three anthropometric measurements (BMI, waist circumference, and WHR) with fats and inverse associations with carbohydrates. Public health interventions should work towards improving the nutrition of these vulnerable populations.
Analysis of the Financial Chaotic Model with the Fractional Derivative Operator
Authors: Diouf Mamadou , Sene Ndolane
Published: June 2020

Numerical discretization for the fractional differential equations is applied to the chaotic financial model described by the Caputo derivative. The graphical representations to support the numerical discretization are presented. We profit by analyzing the impact generated by the variations of the saving rate, the per investment cost, and the elasticity of demands in the dynamics of the solutions obtained with our numerical scheme. Notably, we use bifurcation diagrams to quantify the impact of the saving rate, the per investment cost, and the elasticity of demands, as well as the Lyapunov exponent to characterize the existence of chaos for the chosen value of the fractional order. The chaos observed depends strongly on these previously mentioned parameters. We finish by proposing a suitable control to synchronize the drive system and the response fractional financial model, using Lyapunov direct methods. The stability analysis of the equilibrium points of the chaotic financial model has been presented.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Carboplatin–Paclitaxel Compared with Carboplatin–Paclitaxel–Trastuzumab in Advanced (Stage III–IV) or Recurrent Uterine Serous Carcinomas that Overexpress Her2/Neu (NCT01367002): Updated Overall Survival Analysis
Authors: Fader Amanda N. , Roque Dana M. , Siegel Eric , Buza Natalia , Hui Pei , Abdelghany Osama , Chambers Setsuko , Secord Angeles Alvarez , Havrilesky Laura , O'Malley David M. , Backes Floor J. , Nevadunsky Nicole , Edraki Babak , Pikaart Dirk , Lowery William , ElSahwi Karim , Celano Paul , Bellone Stefania , Azodi Masoud , Litkouhi Babak , Ratner Elena , Silasi Dan-Arin , Schwartz Peter E. , Santin Alessandro D.
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

Uterine-serous-carcinoma (USC) is an aggressive variant of endometrial cancer. On the basis of preliminary results of a multicenter, randomized phase II trial, trastuzumab (T), a humanized-mAb targeting Her2/Neu, in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel (C/P), is recognized as an alternative in treating advanced/recurrent HER2/Neu-positive USC. We report the updated survival analysis of NCT01367002.

Patients and Methods:

Eligible patients had stage III to IV or recurrent disease. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive C/P for six cycles ± T followed by maintenance T until progression or toxicity. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint; overall survival (OS) and toxicity were secondary endpoints.

Results:

Sixty-one patients were randomized. After a median-follow-up of 25.9 months, 43 progressions and 38 deaths occurred among 58 evaluable patients. Updated median-PFS continued to favor the T-arm, with medians of 8.0 months versus 12.9 months in the control and T-arms (HR = 0.46; 90% CI, 0.28–0.76; P = 0.005). Median-PFS was 9.3 months versus 17.7 months among 41 patients with stage III to IV disease undergoing primary treatment (HR = 0.44; 90% CI, 0.23–0.83; P = 0.015), and 7.0 months versus 9.2 months among 17 patients with recurrent disease (HR = 0.12; 90% CI, 0.03–0.48; P = 0.004). OS was higher in the T compared with the control arm, with medians of 29.6 months versus 24.4 months (HR = 0.58; 90% CI, 0.34–0.99; P = 0.046). The benefit was most notable in those with stage III to IV disease, with survival median not reached in the T-arm versus 24.4 months in the control arm (HR = 0.49; 90% CI, 0.25–0.97; P = 0.041). Toxicity was not different between arms.

Conclusions:

Addition of T to C/P increased PFS and OS in women with advanced/recurrent HER2/Neu-positive USC, with the greatest benefit seen for the treatment of stage III to IV disease.
How Young German General Practitioners View and Use Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Huber Christina Maria , Barth Niklas , Linde Klaus
Published: June 2020

Background: Qualitative and quantitative surveys show that many German general practitioners (GPs) use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in their daily work. However, participants in such studies were mostly experienced GPs. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate systematically how young GPs view CAM and to what extent and how they use CAM treatments. Methods: Thirteen young physicians in specialist training for general practice as well as GPs who had completed their specialist training within the last 2 years participated in problem-oriented interviews. Interviews were evaluated by qualitative content analysis. Results: The attitudes of participants towards CAM in general and towards specific CAM modalities varied strongly, but doubts regarding a firm evidence base and specific effects over placebo were expressed frequently. Nevertheless, participants were generally open to herbal medicines and all seemed to use them more or less regularly in clinical practice. Other CAM treatments seemed to be used infrequently. Participants used CAM often for minor illnesses; largely as a first low-intensity therapeutic trial to avoid potentially harmful conventional treatments; and to comply with patient preferences. Conclusions:Compared to more experienced GPs, the participants in our study tended to be more critical towards CAM. Apart from herbal medicines, CAM treatments were used rarely.
Clinical and Operative Determinants of Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Husain-Syed Faeq , Quattrone Maria Giovanna , Ferrari Fiorenza , Bezerra Pércia , Lopez-Giacoman Salvador , Danesi Tommaso Hina , Samoni Sara , de Cal Massimo , Yücel Gökhan , Yazdani Babak , Seeger Werner , Walmrath Hans-Dieter , Birk Horst-Walter , Salvador Loris , Ronco Claudio
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Objectives: We aimed to identify potentially modifiable risk factors for CSA-AKI. Methods: This was asingle-center retrospective cohort study of 495 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. AKI was diagnosed and staged using full KDIGO criteria incorporating baseline serum creatinine (SC) levels and correction of postoperative SC levels for fluid balance. We examined the association of routinely available clinical and laboratory data with AKI using multivariate logistic regression modeling. Results: A total of 103 (20.8%) patients developed AKI: 16 (15.5%) patients were diagnosed with AKI upon hospital admission, and 87 (84.5%) patients were diagnosed with CSA-AKI. Correction of SC levels for fluid balance increased the number of AKI cases to 104 (21.0%), with 6 patients categorized to different AKI stages. Univariate logistic regression analysis identified five preoperative (age, sex, diabetes mellitus, preoperative systolic pulmonary arterial pressure [PSPAP], acute decompensated heart failure) and five intraoperative predictors of AKI (age, sex, red blood cell [RBC] volume transfused, use of minimally invasive surgery, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass). When all preoperative and intraoperative variables were incorporated into one model, six predictors remained significant (age, sex, use of minimally invasive surgery, RBC volume transfused, PSPAP, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass). Model discrimination performance showed an area under the curve of 0.69 for the model including only preoperative variables, 0.76 for the model including only intraoperative variables, and 0.77 for the model including all preoperative and intraoperative variables. Conclusions: Use of minimally invasive surgery and therapies mitigating PSPAP and intraoperative blood loss may offer protection against CSA-AKI.
Fibrovascular Tumor-Like Lesions of the Facial Nerve
Authors: Lassaletta Luis , Ruiz-Bravo Elena , García-Raya Pilar , Fernández-Zubillaga Amelia , González-Otero Teresa , Gavilán Javier
Published: June 2020

Background: Facial nerve tumors (FNTs) are relatively rare benign lesions that arise from any segment of the facial nerve (FN). About half of all patients present with FN dysfunction, mainly long-standing or progressive facial paralysis. Diagnosis of an FNT is usually based on radiological imaging and confirmed by histological study. Most reported cases of FNTs are schwannomas and hemangiomas. Objectives: The aim of this study was to review 4 cases of lesions with clinical, radiological, and surgical findings that suggested an FNT, the pathology revealing a fibrovascular proliferation with no clear signs of a specific tumor. Method: Medical records of patients who had surgery due to an FN lesion were reviewed. Cases with known tumoral lesions were excluded. Four patients with tumor-like lesions were identified. Their imaging studies were re-evaluated. The pathological study included hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemistry for S100 protein, neurofilaments, CD31, Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1), and D240. Results: The 4 cases revealed tumor-like fibrovascular lesions that could not be classified as typical pathological entities. All cases had a complete facial palsy preoperatively. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested schwannoma or hemangioma. A complete excision was achieved, and a facial reconstruction was performed immediately after interruption. Postoperative FN function was improved in all cases. The histological study showed nervous tracts of normal morphology, with fibrous and vascular tissue interspersed in variable proportions. All cases showed areas of fibrosis with Masson’s stain. In all cases, nervous tissue and Schwann cells tested positively for neurofilaments and S100, respectively. In vascular areas, endothelial cells stained positively for CD31, and negatively for D240 and WT1. Conclusions: Fibrovascular lesions of the FN may mimic primary FNTs, especially schwannomas and hemangiomas. Surgical excision with grafting or nerve transfer is the procedure of choice if a complete facial paralysis is found. This unusual condition should be considered when counseling patients with FN lesions. The lack of hyperintensity on MRI T2-weighted images may suggest the presence of fibrous tissue.
Psychosurgery in the History of Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery
Authors: Rzesnitzek Lara , Hariz Marwan , Krauss Joachim K.
Published: June 2020

The paper invites to reappraise the role of psychosurgery for and within the development of functional stereotactic neurosurgery. It highlights the significant and long-lived role of stereotactic neurosurgery in the treatment of severe and chronic mental disorders. Stereotactic neurosurgery developed out of psychosurgery. It was leucotomy for psychiatric disorders and chronic pain that paved the way for stereotactic dorsomedial thalamotomy in these indications and subsequently for stereotactic surgery in epilepsy and movement disorders. Through the 1960s stereotactic psychosurgery continued to progress in silence. Due to the increased applications of stereotactic surgery in psychiatric indications, psychosurgery’s renaissance was proclaimed in the early 1970s. At the same time, however, a public fearing mind control started to discredit all functional neurosurgery for mental disorders, including stereotactic procedures. In writing its own history, stereotactic neurosurgery’s identity as a neuropsychiatric discipline became subsequently increasingly redefined as principally a sort of “surgical neurology,” cut off from its psychiatric origin.
Weather the Cytokine Storm: A Report of Successful Management of a Colon Cancer Survivor and a Critically Ill Patient with COVID-19
Authors: Khalid Mansoor , Dernaika Tarek , Jacob Lirin , Annamaraju Pavan , Guddati Achuta K.
Published: June 2020

Patients with novel corona virus infection (COVID-19) can develop acute respiratory failure secondary to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cytokine storm is suggested as one of underlying mechanisms for the rapid clinical decline. Immunocompromised patients and cancer patients are at particular risk for poor outcomes due to COVID-19 infection. This case report describes the presentation and clinical course of a cancer survivor who became critically ill and required mechanical ventilation. The patient was treated with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone; however, he remained febrile, hypoxemic, continued to require full mechanical ventilator support and his chest X-ray showed increased bilateral infiltrates. The patient was treated with tocilizumab, after which he improved and was successfully extubated. This report illustrates a possible role of tocilizumab in management of cytokine storm in critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection.
Machine Learning Clustering for Blood Pressure Variability Applied to Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) and the Hong Kong Community Cohort
Authors: Tsoi Kelvin K.F. , Chan Nicholas B. , Yiu Karen K.L. , Poon Simon K.S. , Lin Bryant , Ho Kendall
Published: June 2020

Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) has been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to classify the BPV levels using different machine learning algorithms. Visit-to-visit blood pressure readings were extracted from the SPRINT study in the United States and eHealth cohort in Hong Kong (HK cohort). Patients were clustered into low, medium, and high BPV levels with the traditional quantile clustering and 5 machine learning algorithms including K-means. Clustering methods were assessed by Stability Index. Similarities were assessed by Davies-Bouldin Index and Silhouette Index. Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted to compare the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. A total of 8133 participants had average blood pressure measurement 14.7 times in 3.28 years in SPRINT and 1094 participants who had average blood pressure measurement 165.4 times in 1.37 years in HK cohort. Quantile clustering assigned one-third participants as high BPV level, but machine learning methods only assigned 10% to 27%. Quantile clustering is the most stable method (stability index: 0.982 in the SPRINT and 0.948 in the HK cohort) with some levels of clustering similarities (Davies-Bouldin Index: 0.752 and 0.764, respectively). K-means clustering is the most stable across the machine learning algorithms (stability index: 0.975 and 0.911, respectively) with the lowest clustering similarities (Davies-Bouldin Index: 0.653 and 0.680, respectively). One out of 7 in the population was classified with high BPV level, who showed to have higher risk of stroke and heart failure. Machine learning methods can improve BPV classification for better prediction of cardiovascular diseases.
BIST’TE İŞLEM GÖREN ANA METAL FİRMALARININ FİNANSAL PERFORMANSININ ENTEGRE BİR ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME MODELİ KULLANARAK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÇANAKÇIOĞLU Mustafa
Published: June 2020

Son yıllarda Borsa İstanbul’da yer alan sektörler veya endekslerdeki işletmelerle ilgili olarak yapılan performans analizleri hem ilgili firmalara ve sektörlere hem de bu işletmelerle ilgilenen yatırımcılara ve diğer paydaşlara değerli bilgiler ve yorumlar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Borsa İstanbul’da (BIST) hisseleri işlem gören Ana Metal Sanayinde yer alan 17 işletmenin 2013-2018 tarihleri arasındaki finansal performanslarının analiz edilmesi ve sonuçların karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışma kapsamında işletmelerin Bilanço ve Gelir tablolardan elde edilen 13 muhasebe kökenli oran kriteri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler “Çok Kriterli Karar Verme” (ÇKKV) yöntemlerinden Entropi ve WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product ASsessment) yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Belirlenen seçim kriterlerinin ağırlıkları Entropi tekniği kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Ardından WASPAS yöntemi kullanılarak karar seçeneklerinin göreli önem değerleri hesaplanmış, firmalar her yılın performans değerlerine göre sıralandırılmıştır. Çalışmada seçilen dönemler, kullanılan muhasebe oranları ve hibrid modele göre Ana Metal Sanayindeki 17 işletmenin performans analizi sonucunda, 6 yılın ortalaması olarak ÖZBAL Çelik Boru Sanayi Ticaret ve Taahhüt A.Ş. en iyi şirket olmuştur.
SOSYAL POLİTİKA ÜZERİNE YAZILMIŞ MAKALELERİNİN METİN MADENCİLİĞİYLE ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖCAL Aslan Tolga , HERAND Deniz
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ulakbim ve Science Direct endekslerinde 2009-2019 yılları arasında “sosyal politika”ya ilişkin makalelerin ilgi alanlarını ve kullanılan anahtar kelimeler arasındaki birliktelik kurallarını incelemektir. Ulakbim endeksinde 192 Türkçe ve Science Direct endeksinde ise 481 İngilizce olmak üzere toplam 673 makale incelenmiştir. Yöntem olarak, Ulakbim ve Science Direct üzerinden indirilen makalelere ait anahtar kelimelerin kullanılma sıklığı incelenmiş daha sonra açık kaynak kodlu bir veri madenciliği yazılımı olan RapidMiner ile anahtar kelimeler üzerinde birliktelik kuralları analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları incelendiğinde her iki endekste yer alan makalelerde farklı ve benzer ilgi alanlarına rastlanmış ayrıca birliktelik kuralları bakımından aynı anahtar kelimeler üzerinde değerlendirme yapıldığında, konuların ele alınışının farklı boyutlara dayandığı görülmüştür. Çalışmanın en büyük kısıtı belirli bir zaman aralığıyla yetinmesi ve sadece iki endeks üzerinden sosyal politikanın yönünün ve ilgi alanının tartışılmasıdır. Sosyal politika alanında benzer bir çalışmanın yapılmamış olması ve bu alana farklı bir bakış kazandıracak bir yöntemle konunun irdelenmesi, çalışmanın özgün yanını oluşturmaktadır.
GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE SOSYAL HARCAMALARIN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: ÇETİN İrem
Published: June 2020

II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemde, sosyal harcamaların ülkelerin gayri safi yurtiçi hasılalarının (GSYİH) içindeki payının artmasına paralel olarak, literatürde, sosyal harcama-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisini araştıran çalışmaların sayısı artmış, söz konusu çalışmalar özellikle gelişmiş ülke örnekleri çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerin iktisadi kalkınma amaçlarının gerçekleşmesinde, sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme performansının sağlanması önem taşımaktadır. Bu çerçevede, sosyal harcamaların bir politika aracı olarak ekonomik büyümenin sağlanması konusundaki işlerliği önemli bir sorunsalı oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaçla, çalışmada, sosyal harcamaların gelişmekte olan ülkelerin büyüme performansı üzerindeki etkisinin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, 27 gelişmekte olan ülke için 2008-2017 yılları arasında sosyal harcamaların ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi dinamik bir modelle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde, sosyal harcamaların gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
DAKTİLO EĞİTİMİNİN TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SERÜVENİ KAPSAMINDA BİR KAYNAK ESER İNCELEMESİ: DAKTİLOGRAFİ
Authors: ÖZKUL Ahmet Sait , ÇAKIREL Yasin
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, son dönem Osmanlı’daki kayıtlar ve kitaplardan başlamak ve M. Hamid’in kitabını merkeze almak suretiyle, Cumhuriyet dönemi boyunca eğitim sistemi ve iş hayatı açısından daktilo ve daktilo eğitiminin serüveni ele alınmakta ve bu konuda 1928 tarihinde yayımlanan bir kaynak eser incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın odak noktasını teşkil eden bu kaynak eser, Ticaret Mekteb-i Âlîsi daktilografi muallimi M. Hamid tarafından 1928 yılında yayımlanan “Daktilografi” kitabıdır. Kitapta, ticaret ve büro yönetimi sahalarında gerekli olan kayıt tutma işlemleri ve ticari yazışmalar için daktilo öğretiminin gerekliliği öne sürülmektedir. Kitaptan yaralananların, kendi kendilerine daktilo kullanmayı öğrenebilmeleri için teorik, pratik ve teknik bilgilere yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca o dönemde çalışma yaşamında olan kadınlar için daktilografi eğitiminin gerekli olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.
Whose text, whose mining, and to whose benefit?
Authors: Borgman Christine L.
Published: June 2020

Scholarly content has become more difficult to find as information retrieval has devolved from bespoke systems that exploit disciplinary ontologies to keyword search on generic search engines. In parallel, more scholarly content is available through open access mechanisms. These trends have failed to converge in ways that would facilitate text data mining, both for information retrieval and as a research method for the quantitative social sciences. Scholarly content has become open to read without becoming open to mine, due both to constraints by publishers and to lack of attention in scholarly communication. The quantity of available text has grown faster than has the quality. Academic dossier systems are among the means to acquire more quality data for mining. Universities, publishers, and private enterprise may be able to mine these data for strategic purposes, however. On the positive front, changes in copyright may allow more data mining. Privacy, intellectual freedom, and access to knowledge are at stake. The next frontier of activism in open access scholarship is control over content for mining as a means to democratize knowledge.
Geography of scientific knowledge: A proximity approach
Authors: Frenken Koen
Published: June 2020

Proximity among scientists in social, cognitive, and physical dimensions promotes the sharing of tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge helps scientists to understand the credibility of papers they read and to use the results in subsequent research. Hence, given the proximity among scientists in social, cognitive, and physical dimensions, one can predict patterns of diffusion in science. However, for controversial knowledge claims to become replicated, one expects the proximity between scientists itself to change as like-minded scientists relocate and create new coalitions. Proximity can thus be used as a unifying concept for the study of scientific knowledge diffusion as well as for the analysis of mobility of scientists.
Quantitative science studies should be framed with middle-range theories and concepts from the social sciences
Authors: Heinze Thomas , Jappe Arlette
Published: June 2020

This paper argues that quantitative science studies should frame their data and analyses with middle-range sociological theories and concepts. We illustrate this argument with reference to the “sociology of professions,” a middle-range theoretical framework developed by Chicago sociologist Andrew Abbott. Using this framework, we counter the claim that the use of bibliometric indicators in research assessment is pervasive in all advanced economies. Rather, our comparison between the Netherlands and Italy reveals major differences in the national design of bibliometric research assessment: The Netherlands follows a model of bibliometric professionalism, whereas Italy follows a centralized bureaucratic model that co-opts academic elites. We conclude that applying the sociology of professions framework to a broader set of countries would be worthwhile, allowing the emerging bibliometric profession to be charted in a comprehensive, and preferably quantitative, fashion. We also briefly discuss other sociological middle-range concepts that could potentially guide empirical analyses in quantitative science studies.
From indicators to indicating interdisciplinarity: A participatory mapping methodology for research communities in-the-making
Authors: Marres Noortje , de Rijcke Sarah
Published: June 2020

This article discusses a project under development called “Inventing Indicators of Interdisciplinarity,” as an example of work in methodology development that combines quantitative methods with interpretative approaches in social and cultural research. Key to our project is the idea that Science and Technology Indicators not only have representative value, enabling empirical insight into fields of research and innovation but simultaneously have organizing capacity, as their deployment enables the curation of communities of interpretation. We begin with a discussion of concepts and methods for the analysis of interdisciplinarity in Science and Technology Studies (STS) and scientometrics, stressing that both fields recognize that interdisciplinarity is contested. To make possible a constructive exploration of interdisciplinarity as a contested—and transformative—phenomenon, we sketch out a methodological framework for the development and deployment of “engaging indicators.” We characterize this methodology of indicating as participatory, abductive, interactive, and informed by design, and emphasize that the method is inherently combinatory, as it brings together approaches from scientometrics, STS, and humanities research. In a final section, we test the potential of our approach in a pilot study of interdisciplinarity in AI, and offer reflections on digital mapping as a pathway towards indicating interdisciplinarity.
Comparative morphology of the eggs from the eight species in the genus
Agathemera Stål (Insecta: Phasmatodea), through phylogenetic comparative method approach
Authors: CUBILLOS CLAUDIO , VERA ALEJANDRO
Published: June 2020

Morphology of Phasmatodea eggs is remarkably diverse and highly valuable in taxonomic research. Two alterative hypotheses have been proposed to describe the phylogenetic relationship of the species from the genus Agathemera Stål. Additionally, descriptions of the egg morphology within Agathemera have been done based on the eggs of two species. This small sample size does not represent the diverse egg morphology along the genus, thus we attempt to describe the eggs from all the known Agathemera species. The main goal of the present study is to determine whether the evolution of the eggs occurred through either divergent or convergent evolution. We based our descriptions on morphometrics, morphology and the ultrastructure. For data analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on morphometric variables and the characters emerged from the morphological and ultrastructure were mapped over the molecular phylogeny. The results show that it is possible to discriminate among species using the morphology of the different egg structures, and furthermore, a divergent event at the base of the tree, differentiate the overall egg shape and the internal micropylar plate shape. Finally, we conclude that both divergent and convergent evolution are shaping the different structures of the Agathemera eggs.
Appendiceal Endometriosis Presenting as Possible Cecal Mass
Authors: Feldhaus Danielle J. , Harris Rachel K. , Dayal Saraswati D.
Published: June 2020

Background

Endometriosis is endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus. Endometriosis is rarely found in the appendix and can present very similar to acute appendicitis and is often indistinguishable on physical exam and imaging. The diagnosis is typically made after an appendectomy on pathology.

Case Summary

A 45-year-old female presented with right sided abdominal pain and CT revealed a possible cecal or appendiceal lesion. Colonoscopy revealed a submucosal non-obstructing cecal mass. In the operating room, the appendix was completely adherent to the cecum and a laparoscopic ileocecectomy was performed. Pathology revealed endometriosis of the appendix and cecum.

Discussion

Endometriosis of the appendix is a rare condition reported in less than 1% of females that is diagnosed after an appendectomy is performed for suspected appendicitis or other pathology. This diagnosis is made based on the finding of endometrial glands and stroma in the appendix. This can present as acute appendicitis or appendiceal or peri-appendiceal mass on imaging. When symptomatic, pain can align with the menstrual cycle and hemoperitoneum may be encountered intra-operatively. Treatment can be appendectomy, ileocecectomy, or right hemicolectomy if malignancy is suspected. In the patient we described, an ileocecectomy was performed with the intention of converting to a right hemicolectomy if the frozen section pathology had revealed malignancy. This case illustrates the importance of having a broad differential when diagnosing patients with abdominal pain, especially in women of childbearing age.

Conclusion

Appendiceal endometriosis should be considered in females of childbearing age with abdominal pain or cecal/appendiceal mass on imaging.
Effect of Low-Pressure Drainage Suction on Pharyngocutaneous Fistula After Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Maleki Delarestaghi Mojtaba , Ahmadi Aslan , Dehghani Firouzabadi Fatemeh , Roomiani Maryam , Dehghani Firouzabadi Mohammad , Faham Zhaleh
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is one of the most severe multifactorial complications following laryngectomy. The current study aimed at determining the effect of a low-pressure vacuum drain on the incidence of PCF after total laryngectomy.

Methods:

The current randomized clinical trial was conducted on 35 patients undergoing total laryngectomy in Hazrat Rasoul Akram and Firoozgar hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The subjects were divided into the vacuum drain (n = 15) and control (without vacuum drain) (n = 20) groups. The incidence of PCF and the recovery time were recorded.

Results:

The rate of PCF formation from the stoma and wound edges was significantly lower in the low-pressure vacuum drain group than in the control group (6.7% vs 40%) ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between the groups in time to recovery from PCF.

Conclusion:

The low-pressure vacuum drain method is effective in reducing the incidence of PCF after total laryngectomy.
An Approach to Measuring the Point Spread Function of the Confocal Raman Microscope
Authors: Ding Xiang , Fu Yanzhe , Zhang Jiyan , Hu Yao , Fu Shihang
Published: June 2020

The confocal Raman microscope (CRM) is a powerful tool in analytical science. Image quality is the most important performance indicator of CRM systems. The point spread function (PSF) is one of the most useful tools to evaluate the image quality of microscopic systems. A method based on a point-like object is proposed to measure the PSF of CRM, and the size effect of spherical objects is discussed. A series of phantoms are fabricated by embedding different sizes of polystyrene microspheres into polydimethylsiloxane matrix. The diameters of microspheres are from 0.2 µm to 5 µm. The phantoms are tested by measuring the PSF of a commercial CRM whose nominal lateral resolution is about 1 µm. Results of the PSF are obtained and the accuracy of resolution is used to evaluate the size effect of the microspheres. Experimental results are well consistent with theoretical analysis. The error of the PSF can be decreased by reducing the diameter of the microsphere but meanwhile the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) will be lowered as well. The proper diameter of microspheres is proposed in consideration of the trade-off between the S/N and the measurement error of the PSF. Results indicate that the method provides a useful approach to measurement of the PSF and the resolution of the CRM.
A Novel Method to Maintain the Sample Position and Pressure in Differentially Pumped Systems Below the Resolution Limit of Optical Microscopy Techniques
Authors: Goodwin Christopher M. , Alexander John D. , Weston Matthew , Degerman David , Shipilin Mikhail , Loemker Patrick , Amann Peter
Published: June 2020

We present a new method to maintain constant gas pressure over a sample during in situ measurements. The example shown here is a differentially pumped high-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy system, but this technique could be applied to many in situ instruments. By using the pressure of the differential stage as a feedback source to change the sample position, a new level of consistency has been achieved. Depending on the absolute value of the sample-to-aperture distance, this technique allows one to maintain the distance within several hundred nanometers, which is below the limit of typical optical microscopy systems. We show that this method is well suited to compensate for thermal drift. Thus, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data can be acquired continuously while the sample is heated and maintaining constant pressure over the sample. By implementing a precise manipulator feedback system, pressure variations of less than 5% were reached while the temperature was varied by 400 ℃. The system is also shown to be highly stable under significant changes in gas flow. After changing the flow by a factor of two, the pressure returned to the set value within 60 s.
Linking Sustainable Business Models to Socio-Ecological Resilience Through Cross-Sector Partnerships: A Complex Adaptive Systems View
Authors: Dentoni Domenico , Pinkse Jonatan , Lubberink Rob
Published: June 2020

A flourishing literature assesses how sustainable business models create and capture value in socio-ecological systems. Nevertheless, we still know relatively little about how the organization of sustainable business models—of which cross-sector partnerships represent a core and distinctive mechanism—can support socio-ecological resilience. We address this knowledge gap by taking a complex adaptive systems (CAS) perspective. We develop a framework that identifies the key strategic, institutional, and learning elements of partnerships that sustainable business models rely on to support socio-ecological resilience. With our analytical framework, we underpin the importance of assessing sustainable business initiatives in terms of their impact on resilience at the level of socio-ecological systems, not just of organizations. Therefore, we reveal how cross-sector partnerships provide the organizational support for sustainable business models to support socio-ecological resilience. By combining the key features of CAS and the key elements of partnerships, we provide insight into the formidable task of designing cross-sector partnerships so that they support socio-ecological resilience and avoid unintended consequences.
School Climate as a Link Between High School Black Males’ Math Identity and Outcomes
Authors: Jackson Lawrence , Ford Jesse , Randolph Chélynn , Schleiden Cydney , Harris-McKoy DeAnna , McWey Lenore
Published: June 2020

The association between students’ academic identity and their academic outcomes has been well-established. The importance of a positive school climate has also been widely documented. However, Black males experience factors that uniquely and collectively comprise their school climate. As such, the purpose of this study was to test the extent to which school climate mediated the relationships between math academic identity and math outcomes of Black males. Bootstrapping mediation analyses were conducted in a sample of students in the 11th grade ( n = 1,106) using data from the High School Longitudinal Study. Results indicated that students’ math identity was positively associated with math scores. Moreover, partial mediation was established, demonstrating that school climate partially explained the relationship between math identity and student outcomes. Implications of these findings for school administrators, teachers, and counselors are discussed.
Addressing the mental health concerns of migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: An experiential account
Authors: Chander Rakesh , Murugesan Manisha , Ritish Daniel , Damodharan Dinakaran , Arunachalam Vikram , Parthasarathy Rajani , Raj Aravind , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Manjunatha Narayana , Bada Math Suresh , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen
Published: June 2020

The COVID pandemic has affected the world in a drastic manner taking a toll of not only human lives but also the economy and lifestyle. Of all the population suffering, the underprivileged and vulnerable groups have faced the maximum economic burden. Within India, an ample quota of people migrates annually for elementary occupations in service, sales, building and domestic industries. Generally, they are exposed to discrimination, work-rights exploitation and job insecurity. The onset of COVID 19 has accentuated these issues in unprecedented ways. The Apex Court of the country took note of this plight and gave directions to the governments to take care of the immediate needs of the migrant workers. This article attempts to reflect the mental health concerns of the migrant workers who were temporarily sheltered at relief camps across Bengaluru city in the state of Karnataka, during the ongoing COVID pandemic. The article ends with giving recommendations
Psychology and Surveillance Capitalism: The Risk of Pushing Mental Health Apps During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cosgrove Lisa , Karter Justin M. , Morrill Zenobia , McGinley Mallaigh
Published: June 2020

During the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth technologies and mental health apps have been promoted to manage distress in the public and to augment existing mental health services. From a humanistic perspective, the promotion and use of mobile apps raises ethical concerns regarding the autonomy of the person using the app. However, there are other dangers that arise when technological fixes are embraced at a time of crisis. Naomi Klein and Shoshanna Zuboff have recently warned about disaster and surveillance capitalism—using crises to pass legislation that will benefit the rich and deepen inequality, and using anonymized behavioral data for commercial purposes. This analysis reveals that mental health apps may take individuals at their most vulnerable and make them part of a hidden supply chain for the marketplace. We provide a case study of a mental health app that uses digital phenotyping to predict negative mood states. We describe the logic of digital phenotyping and assess the efficacy data on which claims of its validity are based. Drawing from the frameworks of disaster and surveillance capitalism, we also use a humanistic psychology lens to identify the ethical entanglements and the unintended consequences of promoting and using this technology during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Corporate Sociopolitical Activism and Firm Value
Authors: Bhagwat Yashoda , Warren Nooshin L. , Beck Joshua T. , Watson George F.
Published: June 2020

Stakeholders have long pressured firms to provide societal benefits in addition to generating shareholder wealth. Such benefits have traditionally come in the form of corporate social responsibility. However, many stakeholders now expect firms to demonstrate their values by expressing public support for or opposition to one side of a partisan sociopolitical issue, a phenomenon the authors call “corporate sociopolitical activism” (CSA). Such activities differ from commonly favored corporate social responsibility and have the potential to both strengthen and sever stakeholder relationships, thus making their impact on firm value uncertain. Using signaling and screening theories, the authors analyze 293 CSA events initiated by 149 firms across 39 industries, and find that, on average, CSA elicits an adverse reaction from investors. Investors evaluate CSA as a signal of a firm’s allocation of resources away from profit-oriented objectives and toward a risky activity with uncertain outcomes. The authors further identify two sets of moderators: (1) CSA’s deviation from key stakeholders’ values and brand image and (2) characteristics of CSA’s resource implementation, which affect investor and customer responses. The findings provide new and important implications for marketing theory and practice.
Shame in Music Education: Starting the Conversation and Developing Resilience
Authors: Culp Mara E. , Jones Sara K.
Published: June 2020

Feelings of shame may contribute to music teachers and music teacher educators being unwilling to discuss needs and concerns for fear of being judged or seen as inadequate. Shame or fear of feeling shame can also lead individuals to withdraw or perpetuate negative behaviors. Although shame is often a natural part of the human experience, the diverse nature of the content in music education, the wide variety of learners in various music education spaces, and music teachers’ beliefs and practices can be sources of shame among music teachers. This article aims to start a conversation about shame in music education and help music educators and music teacher educators feel empowered to use shame resilience theory as a means of understanding and coping with feelings of shame.
Factors that Affect Participation in Secondary School Music: Reducing Barriers and Increasing Access
Authors: Culp Mara E. , Clauhs Matthew
Published: June 2020

Students often enter secondary schools with increased autonomy over course selection and how they meet graduation requirements. Those who once participated in school music may discontinue music studies for a variety of reasons. Music teachers should be mindful of factors that may affect a student’s ability or desire to participate in school music. This article discusses these factors and suggests practices to increase access to music education for all students. By examining practices and considering ways they can be altered or expanded to provide more options and be more inclusive, music educators may be able to provide more opportunities for all students.
“When Jesus saw her . . .”: A hermeneutical response to #MeToo and #ChurchToo
Authors: Bashaw Jennifer Garcia
Published: June 2020

This article provides an example of how Scripture can be a source of healing for #ChurchToo victims. Although the Bible has been used to oppress women and fuel sexual assault and abuse, as in many complementarian readings of Scripture, it more often works against systems of oppression and lifts the position of the victim. This article surveys four passages in Luke in which Jesus interacts with women who are victims of their patriarchal society: the widow of Nain (7:11–17), the woman who anoints Jesus (7:36–50), the woman who touches Jesus (8:42–48), and the woman Jesus heals on the Sabbath (13:10–17). An interdisciplinary hermeneutic focused on the narrative-critical elements aids interpreting the text through the eyes of the Gospel’s earliest readers while keeping an eye toward the liberating nature of Jesus’s ministry in Luke. When understood in its social and literary context, these Lukan pericopes show that Jesus counters the abuse of women and works against systems of oppression. Jesus serves as a model for the way Christians should treat women; his ministry should inspire readers to ease the suffering caused by patriarchal structures in the Church and society instead of ignoring or excusing it.
#MeToo and #ChurchToo: Putting the movements in context
Authors: Colwell Kelly , Johnson Sheryl
Published: June 2020

The #MeToo movement, exposing sexual harassment and abuse through Twitter and other social media platforms, has had a significant impact on many segments of society, and the church has been no exception. In addition to prominent celebrities, many church leaders have been accused, and in some cases convicted, of sexual assault after stories were brought to light on social media using hashtags like #MeToo and #ChurchToo. In the church context, particular dynamics are at play, such as purity culture and a culture of shame and silence in relation to women’s sexuality. The #MeToo movement has been critiqued for a number of reasons, including that its founder, woman-of-color Tarana Burke, has not received much credit and that privileged white women (especially actresses) have tended to receive the most attention and be understood as the focus of the campaign. This article provides an overview of the history of the movement, exploring some prominent cases and investigating some of the critical engagement with the campaign and its impacts.