bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeted Molecular Analysis in Adrenocortical Carcinomas: A Strategy Toward Improved Personalized Prognostication
Authors: Lippert Juliane , Appenzeller Silke , Liang Raimunde , Sbiera Silviu , Kircher Stefan , Altieri Barbara , Nanda Indrajit , Weigand Isabel , Gehrig Andrea , Steinhauer Sonja , Riemens Renzo J M , Rosenwald Andreas , Müller Clemens R , Kroiss Matthias , Rost Simone , Fassnacht Martin , Ronchi Cristina L
Published: August 2018

Context

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has a heterogeneous prognosis, and current medical therapies have limited efficacy in its advanced stages. Genome-wide multiomics studies identified molecular patterns associated with clinical outcome.

Objective

Here, we aimed at identifying a molecular signature useful for both personalized prognostic stratification and druggable targets, using methods applicable in clinical routine.

Design

In total, 117 tumor samples from 107 patients with ACC were analyzed. Targeted next-generation sequencing of 160 genes and pyrosequencing of 4 genes were applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens to detect point mutations, copy number alterations, and promoter region methylation. Molecular results were combined with clinical/histopathological parameters (tumor stage, age, symptoms, resection status, and Ki-67) to predict progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

In addition to known driver mutations, we detected recurrent alterations in genes not previously associated with ACC (e.g., NOTCH1, CIC, KDM6A, BRCA1, BRCA2). Best prediction of PFS was obtained integrating molecular results (more than one somatic mutation, alterations in Wnt/β-catenin and p53 pathways, high methylation pattern) and clinical/histopathological parameters into a combined score (P < 0.0001, χ2 = 68.6). Accuracy of prediction for early disease progress was 83.3% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.872, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 0.94). Furthermore, 17 potentially targetable alterations were found in 64 patients (e.g., in CDK4, NOTCH1, NF1, MDM2, and EGFR and in DNA repair system).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that molecular profiling of FFPE tumor samples improves prognostication of ACC beyond clinical/histopathological parameters and identifies new potential drug targets. These findings pave the way to precision medicine in this rare disease.
Cell injury triggers actin polymerization to initiate epithelial restitution
Authors: Aihara Eitaro , Medina-Candelaria Neisha M. , Hanyu Hikaru , Matthis Andrea L. , Engevik Kristen A. , Gurniak Christine B. , Witke Walter , Turner Jerrold R. , Zhang Tongli , Montrose Marshall H.
Published: August 2018

The role of the actin cytoskeleton in the sequence of physiological epithelial repair in the intact epithelium has yet to be elucidated. Here, we explore the role of actin in gastric repair in vivo and in vitro gastric organoids (gastroids). In response to two-photon-induced cellular damage of either an in vivo gastric or in vitro gastroid epithelium, actin redistribution specifically occurred in the lateral membranes of cells neighboring the damaged cell. This was followed by their migration inward to close the gap at the basal pole of the dead cell, in parallel with exfoliation of the dead cell into the lumen. The repair and focal increase of actin was significantly blocked by treatment with EDTA or the inhibition of actin polymerization. Treatment with inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase, myosin II, trefoil factor 2 signaling or phospholipase C slowed both the initial actin redistribution and the repair. While Rac1 inhibition facilitated repair, inhibition of RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase inhibited it. Inhibitors of focal adhesion kinase and Cdc42 had negligible effects. Hence, initial actin polymerization occurs in the lateral membrane, and is primarily important to initiate dead cell exfoliation and cell migration to close the gap.
Involvement of the septation initiation network in events during cytokinesis in fission yeast
Authors: Dey Sumit K. , Pollard Thomas D.
Published: August 2018

The septation initiation network (SIN), comprising a GTPase and a cascade of three protein kinases, regulates cell division in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, but questions remain about its influence on cytokinesis. Here, we made quantitative measurements of the numbers of Cdc7p kinase molecules (a marker for SIN activity) on spindle pole bodies (SPBs), and on the timing of assembly, maturation and constriction of contractile rings via six different proteins tagged with fluorescent proteins. When SIN activity is low in spg1-106 mutant cells at 32°C, cytokinetic nodes formed contractile rings ∼3 min slower than wild-type cells. During the maturation period, these rings maintained normal levels of the myosin-II mEGFP–Myo2p but accumulated less of the F-BAR protein Cdc15p–GFP than in wild-type cells. The Cdc15p–GFP fluorescence then disintegrated into spots as mEGFP–Myo2p dissociated slowly. Some rings started to constrict at the normal time, but most failed to complete constriction. When high SIN activity persists far longer than normal on both SPBs in cdc16-116 mutant cells at 32°C, contractile rings assembled and constricted normally, but disassembled slowly, delaying cell separation.
The putative ceramide-conjugation protein Cwh43 regulates G0 quiescence, nutrient metabolism and lipid homeostasis in fission yeast
Authors: Nakazawa Norihiko , Teruya Takayuki , Sajiki Kenichi , Kumada Kazuki , Villar-Briones Alejandro , Arakawa Orie , Takada Junko , Saitoh Shigeaki , Yanagida Mitsuhiro
Published: August 2018

Cellular nutrient states control whether cells proliferate, or whether they enter or exit quiescence. Here, we report characterizations of fission yeast temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein Cwh43, and explore its relevance to utilization of glucose, nitrogen source and lipids. GFP-tagged Cwh43 localizes at ER associated with the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane, as in budding yeast. We found that cwh43 mutants failed to divide in low glucose and lost viability during quiescence under nitrogen starvation. In cwh43 mutants, comprehensive metabolome analysis demonstrated dramatic changes in marker metabolites that altered under low glucose and/or nitrogen starvation, although cwh43 cells apparently consumed glucose in the culture medium. Furthermore, we found that cwh43 mutant cells had elevated levels of triacylglycerols (TGs) and coenzyme A, and that they accumulated lipid droplets. Notably, TG biosynthesis was required to maintain cell division in the cwh43 mutant. Thus, Cwh43 affects utilization of glucose and nitrogen sources, as well as storage lipid metabolism. These results may fit a notion developed in budding yeast stating that Cwh43 conjugates ceramide to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins and maintains integrity of membrane organization.
Regulation of global translation during the cell cycle
Authors: Stonyte Vilte , Boye Erik , Grallert Beáta
Published: August 2018

It is generally accepted that global translation varies during the cell cycle and is low during mitosis. However, addressing this issue is challenging because it involves cell synchronization, which evokes stress responses that, in turn, affect translation rates. Here, we have used two approaches to measure global translation rates in different cell-cycle phases. First, synchrony in different cell-cycle phases was obtained involving the same stress, by using temperature-sensitive mutants. Second, translation and DNA content were measured by flow cytometry in exponentially growing, single cells. We found no major variation in global translation rates through the cell cycle in either fission yeast or mammalian cells. We also measured phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α, an event that is thought to downregulate global translation in mitosis. In contrast with the prevailing view, eIF2α phosphorylation correlated poorly with downregulation of global translation and ectopically induced eIF2α phosphorylation inhibited global translation only at high levels.
Physiological responses to elevated temperature across the geographic range of a terrestrial salamander
Authors: Novarro Alexander J. , Gabor Caitlin R. , Goff Cory B. , Mezebish Tori D. , Thompson Lily M. , Grayson Kristine L.
Published: August 2018

Widespread species often possess physiological mechanisms for coping with thermal heterogeneity, and uncovering these mechanisms provides insight into species responses to climate change. The emergence of non-invasive corticosterone (CORT) assays allows us to rapidly assess physiological responses to environmental change on a large scale. We lack, however, a basic understanding of how temperature affects CORT, and whether temperature and CORT interactively affect performance. Here, we examine the effects of elevated temperature on CORT and whole-organism performance in a terrestrial salamander, Plethodon cinereus, across a latitudinal gradient. Using water-borne hormone assays, we found that raising ambient temperature from 15 to 25°C increased CORT release at a similar rate for salamanders from all sites. However, CORT release rate was higher overall in the warmest, southernmost site. Elevated temperatures also affected physiological performance, but the effects differed among sites. Ingestion rate increased in salamanders from the warmer sites but remained the same for those from cooler sites. Mass gain was reduced for most individuals, though this reduction was more dramatic in salamanders from the cooler sites. We also found a temperature-dependent relationship between CORT and food conversion efficiency (i.e., the amount of mass gained per unit food ingested). CORT was negatively related to food conversion efficiency at 25°C but was unrelated at 15°C. Thus, the energetic gains of elevated ingestion rates may be counteracted by elevated CORT release rates experienced by salamanders in warmer environments. By integrating multiple physiological metrics, we highlight the complex relationships between temperature and individual responses to warming climates.
Thermal physiological traits and plasticity of metabolism are sensitive to biogeographic breaks in a rock-pool marine shrimp
Authors: Barria Aura M. , Bacigalupe Leonardo D. , Lagos Nelson A. , Lardies Marco A.
Published: August 2018

Populations of broadly distributed species commonly exhibit latitudinal variation in thermal tolerance and physiological plasticity. This variation can be interrupted when biogeographic breaks occur across the range of a species, which are known to affect patterns of community structure, abundance, and recruitment dynamics. Coastal biogeographic breaks often impose abrupt changes in environmental characteristics driven by oceanographic processes and can affect the physiological responses of populations inhabiting these areas. Here we examined thermal limits, performances for heart rate and plasticity for metabolic rate of the intertidal shrimp Betaeus emarginatus from seven populations along its latitudinal range (∼ 3000 km). The distribution of this species encompass two breaks at the southeastern Pacific coast of Chile: the northern break is characterized by sharp discontinuities in upwelling regimes, and the southern break, constitutes a major discontinuity in water conditions (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrients), coastline topography, and divergence of main oceanographic currents. For B. emarginatus, we found higher plasticity of metabolism in the sites sampled at the biogeographic breaks, and at the site subjected to seasonal upwelling. The variation of metabolic rate was not consistent with increasing latitude and it was not affected by breaks. The lower and upper thermal limits were lower in populations around breaks, although the optimum temperature decreased towards higher latitudes. Overall, while thermal limits and plasticity of metabolism are related to biogeographic breaks, metabolic rate is not related with increasing latitude or the presence of breaks in the sampled range.
Influence of temperature and pearl rotation on biomineralization in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera
Authors: Le Moullac Gilles , Schuck Lucie , Chabrier Sébastien , Belliard Corinne , Lyonnard Pierre , Broustal Floriane , Soyez Claude , Saulnier Denis , Brahmi Chloé , Ky Chin-Long , Beliaeff Benoit
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to observe the impact of temperature on pearl formation using an integrative approach describing the rotation of the pearls, the rate of nacre deposition, the thickness of the aragonite tablets and the biomineralizing potential of the pearl sac tissue though the expression level of some key genes. Fifty pearl oysters were grafted with magnetized nuclei to allow the rotation of the pearls to be described. Four months later, 32 of these pearl oysters were exposed to four temperatures (22, 26, 30 and 34°C) for 2 weeks. Results showed that the rotation speed differed according to the movement direction: pearls with axial movement (AM) had a significantly higher rotation speed than those with random movement (RM). Pearl growth rate was influenced by temperature, with a maximum between 26 and 30°C but almost no growth at 34°C. Lastly, among the nine genes implicated in the biomineralization process, the Pmarg-Pif177 expression was significantly modified by temperature. These results showed that the rotation speed of the pearls was not linked to pearl growth or to the expression profiles of biomineralizing genes targeted in this study. On the basis of our results, we consider that pearl rotation is a more complex process than formerly thought. Mechanisms involved could include a strong environmental forcing in immediate proximity to the pearl. Another implication of our findings is that, in the context of ocean warming, pearl growth and quality can be expected to decrease in pearl oysters exposed to temperatures above 30°C.
Stratigraphy and geological structure of the Lavrion area (Attica, Greece)
Authors: PHOTIADES A. , CARRAS N.
Published: August 2018

The geological mapping of the Lavrion area lead to a revision of the lithostratigraphic subdivision and the recognition of three superposed tectonic units. The lower unit, the so-called autochthonous system, consists of a Triassic - Jurassic metamorphic Pelagonian series, a disconformity related to the Eohellenic orogenic phase, and a Tithonian - Lower Cretaceous non-metamorphic transgressive cover. Upon the lower unit, the "phyllite" nappe lies (middle unit), having on the top some remnants of a non-metamorphic Pelagonian nappe (upper unit).
Recent advances in prostate cancer research: large-scale genomic analyses reveal novel driver mutations and DNA repair defects
Authors: Frank Sander , Nelson Peter , Vasioukhin Valeri
Published: August 2018

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease of mutated and misregulated genes. However, primary prostate tumors have relatively few mutations, and only three genes (ERG,PTEN, andSPOP) are recurrently mutated in more than 10% of primary tumors. On the other hand, metastatic castration-resistant tumors have more mutations, but, with the exception of the androgen receptor gene (AR), no single gene is altered in more than half of tumors. Structural genomic rearrangements are common, includingERGfusions, copy gains involving theMYClocus, and copy losses containingPTEN. Overall, instead of being associated with a single dominant driver event, prostate tumors display various combinations of modifications in oncogenes and tumor suppressors. This review takes a broad look at the recent advances in PCa research, including understanding the genetic alterations that drive the disease and how specific mutations can sensitize tumors to potential therapies. We begin with an overview of the genomic landscape of primary and metastatic PCa, enabled by recent large-scale sequencing efforts. Advances in three-dimensional cell culture techniques and mouse models for PCa are also discussed, and particular emphasis is placed on the benefits of patient-derived xenograft models. We also review research into understanding how ETS fusions (in particular,TMPRSS2-ERG) andSPOPmutations contribute to tumor initiation. Next, we examine the recent findings on the prevalence of germline DNA repair mutations in about 12% of patients with metastatic disease and their potential benefit from the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and immune modulation. Lastly, we discuss the recent increased prevalence of AR-negative tumors (neuroendocrine and double-negative) and the current state of immunotherapy in PCa. AR remains the primary clinical target for PCa therapies; however, it does not act alone, and better understanding of supporting mutations may help guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Case Report: Hepatopulmonary syndrome as the first clinical manifestation of cirrhosis in a patient with underlying chronic lung disease
Authors: Murphy Charles , Arad Danit
Published: August 2018

An 86 year old woman with multiple chronic lung diseases (including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and untreated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare) presented with two weeks of increased shortness of breath, notably worse when seated as compared to when lying down. After treatments focused on her known conditions did not resolve her dyspnea, the differential diagnosis was broadened and she was found to have cirrhosis. As a result of this new diagnosis, transthoracic echocardiography and arterial blood gas analysis were performed and together yielded the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. We describe a rare presentation of hepatopulmonary syndrome manifesting as a patient’s first clinical evidence of cirrhosis, a diagnosis made difficult by this patient’s numerous other lung diseases which muddied the picture.
The use of meshes and matrices in breast reconstruction
Authors: Rolph Rachel , Farhadi Jian
Published: August 2018

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in the UK ( Cancer Research UK, 2018 ). Breast reconstruction following mastectomy can be performed with prosthetic devices or autologous tissue. In the UK implant-based breast reconstruction following mastectomy is the most common type of breast reconstruction, estimated to account for 70% of the reconstructive caseload in the UK. Since 2001 there has been a considerable increase in the number of prosthetic reconstructions performed with the use of mesh or matrix to augment the reconstructive pocket. This article introduces the main types of mesh and matrix used in implant-based breast reconstruction, reconstructive techniques and reviews the benefits and complications associated with their use.
Pathogens isolated from clinical cases of urinary tract infection in dogs and their antibiogram
Authors: Punia Manisha , Kumar Ashok , Charaya Gaurav , Kumar Tarun
Published: August 2018

Aim: This study aims to determine the etiology of urinary tract infection (UTI) in dogs and to develop an antibiogram of organisms isolated.

Materials and Methods: Urine samples were collected either through catheterization or cystocentesis from 35 dogs suspected of UTI admitted to VCC, LUVAS, Hisar. Bacteria were identified on the basis of cultural characteristics in 22 samples, and all the isolates were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity testing.

Results: The urine samples found positive for bacteria yielded pure colony growth in 77.27% and mixed growth in 22.73% samples, respectively. Escherichia coli (29.62%) and Streptococcus spp. (29.62%) were the most prevalent microorganisms followed by Staphylococcus spp. (22.22%), Klebsiella spp. (11.11%), Pseudomonas spp. (3.7%), and Bacillus spp. (3.7%). Overall, maximum sensitivity of isolates was found toward ceftriaxone/tazobactam (88.88%) and least toward amoxicillin and cloxacillin (29.62%).

Conclusion: E. coli and Streptococcus spp. were the most predominant bacteria isolated from UTI affected dogs. In vitro sensitivity revealed a significant proportion of bacteria to be multidrug resistant.

Keywords: antibiogram, multidrug resistance, Escherichia coli, Staphylococci, Streptococci.
STRUCTURAL STYLE AND DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF THE SEMANGKO PULL APART BASIN IN THE SOUTHEASTERN SEGMENT OF SUMATRA FAULT ZONE
Authors: Mukti Maruf M
Published: August 2018

Re-examination of published seismic data in the southeasternmost segment of the active Sumatra Fault zone (SFZ) reveals the characteristics of structural style and depositional history of Semangko pull apart basin (SPB). The SPB have been developed as a transtensional pull apart basin resulted from stepping over of the Semangko to Ujung Kulon segments of the SFZ. The geometry of SPB is of rhomboidal shape characterized by dual depocenters separated by a discrete structural high in the center of SPB. Based on the determination of pre- and syn-kinematic strata related to the formation of SPB, sedimentary units prior to deposition of Unit 3 can be regarded as pre-kinematic strata, whereas the syn-kinematic strata is represented by Unit 3. The basin sidewall faults of the SPB are likely to have been developed as en-echelon side wall faults and identified as the East Semangko Fault (ESF) and Kota Agung – South Panaitan Faults (KAF-SPF) in the western and eastern margin of the SPB, respectively. The development of discrete highs along the center of the SPB may relate to the formation of en-echelon cross-basin faults that are now overprinted by volcanic activity or magmatic intrusion.Analisa ulang data seismik yang telah dipublikasikan di daerah segmen paling tenggara dari zona sesar aktif Sumatra (SFZ) mengungkapkan karakteristik struktur dan sejarah pengendapan dari cekungan pull-apart Semangko (SPB). SPB terbentuk sebagai cekungan transtensional pull-apart yang dihasilkan dari step over segmen Semangko dan segmen Ujung Kulon. Geometri SPB adalah bentuk rhomboidal yang dicirikan oleh dua depocenter yang dipisahkan oleh struktur tinggian yang tidak menerus di bagian tengah SPB. Berdasarkan penentuan unit pre- dan syn-kinematic strata yang terkait dengan pembentukan SPB, unit sedimen yang terbentuk sebelum pengendapan Unit 3 dapat dianggap sebagai pre-kinematic strata, sedangkan syn-kinematic strata diwakili oleh Unit 3. Sesar side-wall dari SPB kemungkinan telah berkembang sebagai sesar yang bersifat en-echelon dan diidentifikasi sebagai Sesar Semangko Timur (ESF) dan Sesar Kota Agung - Panaitan Selatan (KAF-SPF) di tepian barat dan timur SPB. Pembentukan tinggian  yang tidak menerus di sepanjang bagian tengah SPB berhubungan dengan pembentukan sesar-sesar cross-basin yang bersifat en-echelon yang sekarang telah tertutupi jejaknya oleh aktivitas gunung api atau intrusi magmatik.
Surgical tactics optimization for treatment of BRAF positive papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Boriskova Marina E. , Farafonova Ulyana V. , Pankova Polina A. , Bikov Mikhail A. , Ramazanova Elmira A.
Published: August 2018

Backgraund. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has a favorable course and low mortality rates. However, the incidence of morbidity and mortality continues to increase, especially in the high-risk group. BRAF mutation is a marker of the PTC aggressive course.
Aims. Тo study the relationship between surgical treatment tactics and the BRAF positive PTC prognosis.
Materials and methods. Our prospective study included 80 patients with BRAF positive PTC, operated from 2009 to 2016 y. Surgical tactics were determined by existing clinical guidelines. To the patients with BRAF positive thyroid cancer it is proposed to perform thyroidectomy with central compartment lymph node dissection. BRAF status was determined by the PCR method in fine needle aspiration biopsy material (FNAB).
Results. Recurrence was detected in 7 of the 18 patients of the hemi/thyroidectomy group. Among 62 patients from the group of thyroidectomy with central compartment lymph node dissection recurrence was detected only in 3 cases. The mean recurrence time also differed significantly, and in the group of patients with (hemi)thyroidectomy without central compartment lymph node dissection is detected earlier (53 months and 59.61 months). Also, organ-preserving operations without central compartment lymph node dissection in BRAF positive tumor has worse result, regardless of T stage.
Conclusions. In the presence of BRAF-positive PTC thyroidectomy with central compartment lymph node dissection is indicated.
Employment in Long-Term Care: The Role of Macroeconomic Conditions
Authors: Baughman Reagan
Published: August 2018

As populations age dramatically in developed economies, understanding the dynamics of employment in long-term care will help to ensure an adequate workforce and increase quality of care. Although downturns in the business cycle are associated with decreases in employment at the aggregate level and across most sectors of the economy, there are several reasons to believe that employment in the health and long-term care sectors increases during recessions. This is the first study of the relationship between changes in macroeconomic conditions and employment duration of direct care workers based upon analysis of detailed, monthly individual-level data. The results suggest that direct care workers have longer employment spells during recessionary periods, a countercyclical effect, but one that is confined to nursing home settings. However, the length of job spells in hospitals appears to be procyclical.
Evaluation in the predictive value of serum human epididymal protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) and a combination of both in detecting ovarian malignancy
Authors: Teh Beng Hock , Yong Soon Leong , Sim Wee Wee , Lau Kim Bee , Suharjono Haris Njoo
Published: August 2018

Background

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of human epididymal protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) and a combination of both via the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) in detecting ovarian malignancy.

Methods

This was a diagnostic study enrolling 129 patients with pelvic mass(es) suspected of originating in the ovary who had been scheduled for surgery or radiological-guided biopsy. Serum HE4 and CA 125 levels were measured. HE4, CA 125 and ROMA were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots were graphed and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated to investigate the accuracy of each marker for predicting ovarian malignancy.

Results

Overall, CA 125 remained significantly more sensitive (88.9% vs. 51.9%, p = 0.006) but less specific (56.9% vs. 95.1%, p < 0.001) than HE4. HE4 was superior to CA 125 in specificity (97.7% vs. 54.5%, p < 0.001) for premenopausal women. ROMA was non-significantly more sensitive (100.0% vs. 92.3%, p = 1.000) than CA 125 but both were equally specific (71.4%) for the postmenopausal group. In the premenopausal group, the AUC of serum HE4 was higher than serum CA 125 (0.851 vs. 0.817) but was equivalent to ROMA (0.851 vs. 0.859). In the postmenopausal group, ROMA exhibited an excellent AUC value as compared to CA 125 and HE4 (AUC of 0.907 vs. 0.874 vs. 0.863, respectively).

Conclusion

HE4 is useful in ruling out ovarian malignancy among premenopausal women. For postmenopausal women, ROMA appears to be an all-rounder with overall good sensitivity and specificity.
Common illnesses in tropical Asia and significance of medical volunteering
Authors: Rim Chai Hong , Lee Chang Won , Heo Young Soo , Aieng Rinet , Jun Sung Yeon , Choi Sung Hun , Rim Jae Suk
Published: August 2018

This study was conducted to provide practical information for actual preparation of medical volunteering in tropical Asia, mainly the distribution of common illnesses encountered during mission. From 2012 to 2017, we visited two rural areas of Eastern Cambodia for medical volunteering missions, Cham Lak and Khsoem. Neither area has electricity or public water. We classified the common cases encountered during missions into six groups (upper respiratory infection, gastroenteritis, vaginitis and/or cystitis, dermatitis, work-related pain and parasite prevention) and assessed the distribution. In Cham Lak and Khsoem, 558 and 371 people were treated, respectively. The most commonly encountered cases in children under age of 18 were upper respiratory infection, followed by parasite control and dermatitis, in both areas. There was no significant difference in distribution between the two areas. For adults, the most common illnesses in Cham Lak area were vaginitis and/or cystitis, followed by gastroenteritis and work-related pain. In Khsoem area, the common illnesses were work-related pain followed by gastroenteritis, and upper respiratory infection. The distribution between the two areas differed significantly (p <0.001). The difference might be due to the water source and main crops of agriculture. Successful preparation of a medical volunteering needs deep understanding of the destination community.
Intervention effects in grammar and language acquisition
Authors: Rizzi Luigi
Published: August 2018

Intervention effects have been thoroughly studied in formal syntax in the domain of weak islands. They also have recently been appealed to in the study of language acquisition, to capture certain difficulties that young children manifest in the mastery of some object A’-bar dependencies (relatives, questions, topicalizations). Can one unify such distinct utilizations of the concept of intervention under a single formal locality principle? This paper explores the possibility of a unitary approach by proposing solutions for observed discrepancies between the effects in adults and children, and more generally between the different utilizations of the concept of intervention in recent work on adult grammar and language acquisition. Relativized Minimality (RM) is seen as a formal principle penalizing configurations as a function of the distinctness between target and intervener in local relations, where distinctness is precisely expressed as a grammar-based notion. A unitary system consisting of RM and an explicit distinctness hierarchy is argued to be operative in intervention effects in grammar and language acquisition.
The Diagonalizable Nonnegative Inverse Eigenvalue Problem
Authors: Cronin Anthony G , Laffey Thomas J.
Published: August 2018

In this articlewe provide some lists of real numberswhich can be realized as the spectra of nonnegative diagonalizable matrices but which are not the spectra of nonnegative symmetric matrices. In particular, we examine the classical list σ = (3 + t, 3 − t, −2, −2, −2) with t ≥ 0, and show that 0 is realizable by a nonnegative diagonalizable matrix only for t ≥ 1. We also provide examples of lists which are realizable as the spectra of nonnegative matrices, but not as the spectra of nonnegative diagonalizable matrices by examining the Jordan Normal Form
The Free Energy for Rotating and Charged Black Holes and Banados, Teitelboim and Zanelli Black Holes
Authors: Hussein N.A. , Eisa D.A. , Ibrahim T.A.S.
Published: August 2018

This paper aims to obtain the thermodynamic variables (temperature, thermodynamic volume, angular velocity, electrostatic potential, and heat capacity) corresponding to the Schwarzschild black hole, Reissner-Nordstrom black hole, Kerr black hole and Kerr-Newman-Anti-de Sitter black hole. We also obtained the free energy for black holes by using three different methods. We obtained the equation of state for rotating Banados, Teitelboim and Zanelli black holes. Finally, we used the quantum correction of the partition function to obtain the heat capacity and entropy in the quantum sense.
Veränderung der Eryth rozyten-Oberfläche durch Newcastle disease Virus
Authors: Saber M. S. , Drzeniek R. , Krüpe M.
Published: August 2018

Carbohydrates which have a common specificity with ABH-blood-groups are unmasked on the surface of erythrocytes by treatment with neuraminidase. With phytagglutinins, the presence of carbohydrates which were not apparent in native erythrocytes could be demonstrated. Differences between the unmasked receptors for phytagglutinins and ABH-specific sites are pointed out and discussed.
Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Komplexverbindungen I
Authors: Fritz H. P. , Keller H. J.
Published: August 2018

Das EPR-Spektrum des [Cu(NH3)4]2Θ-Ions im Gitter des Magnus schen Salzes wird angegeben und diskutiert. In Übereinstimmung mit dem beobachteten Elektronenaustausch entlang der Metall-Metall-Kette zeigen solche Einkristalle in Richtung der kristallographischen c-Achse bei zunehmender Temperatur steigende Leitfähigkeit.
Zur Kristallgitterstruktur der sogenannten Prolamellarkörper in Proplastiden etiolierter Bohnen
Authors: Wehrmeyer Werner
Published: August 2018

The non-concentric prolamellar bodies of proplastids isolated from etiolated bean leaves were investigated by electron microscopy. The arrangement of tubules in a number of prolamellar bodies or in parts of them follows the crystal lattice of zincblende (or diamond respectively). This is shown by a comparative study of ultrathin sections of the prolamellar bodies and of models of the (111), (110), (112), and (001) plane and of planes of the zincblende lattice slightly inclined to them, standing at right angles to the table (110). Sections at right angles to the (111), (110), (112), and (001) plane will be discussed.
Über Zwischenprodukte der Riboflavin-Biosynthese bei Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lingens F. , Oltmanns O. , Bacher A.
Published: August 2018

Using various riboflavin deficient mutants of S. cerevisiae, we have found two intermediates of the riboflavin biosynthesis. 6.7-Dimethyl-8-ribityl-lumazine was isolated from the culture fluid of two mutants. The formation of 4-ribitylamino-5-amino-uracil by two other mutants was proved by trapping the product with glyoxal or diacetyl, leading to the formation of 8-ribityl-lumazine or 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityl-lumazine and riboflavin respectively. These mutants were able to grow in riboflavin free medium supplemented with diacetyl.

6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityl-lumazine promoted the growth of adequately blocked mutants.
Über neue Inhaltsstoffe aus den Rinden von Viburnum prunifolium L. (Amerikanischer Schneeball) und Viburnum opulus L. (Gemeiner Schneeball)
Authors: Hörhammer L. , Wagner H. , Reinhardt H.
Published: August 2018

Aus der Rinde des amerikanischen Schneeballs (Viburnum prunifolium L.) wurden als neue Verbindungen das Bis- (5.7.4′-Trihydroxy-Flavon) Amentoflavon, Scopoletin, Sitosterin, Äsculetin, α,β-Amyrin, Oleanol- und Ursolsäure, ein in seiner Struktur noch unbekanntes Polyen (farbloses Carotinoid) und Arbutin, aus der Rinde des gemeinen Schneeballs (Viburnum opulus L.) ᴅʟ-Catechin als phenolischer Hauptbestandteil isoliert. An der spasmolytischen Wirksamkeit alkoholischer Viburnum-prunifolium-Auszüge sind die Cumarine beteiligt.
Antigenische Klassifizierung der Paraproteine und normalen Immunoglobuline vom Lambda-Typ / Paraproteins and Normal Immunoglobulins of the Lambda Type: Immunochemical Differentiation and Classification
Authors: Tischendorf F. W.
Published: August 2018

The elaboration of antisera recognizing antigenic sites of the variable region of pathological immunoglobulin λ chains (Bence-Jones-proteins) is described. The antisera react with the (St+) marker carried by Bence-Jones-proteins of the basic amino-acid sequence VλI and the (111+) marker carried by L-chains of the basic sequence VλIII. With these antisera three specificityregion subtypes of human λ immunoglobulin chains could be distinguished antigenically. Twenty randomly chosen normal individuals were shown to be associated with λ chains of both basic sequences, VλI and VλIII. The results provide evidence for the non-allelic nature of the two aminoterminal light chain forms (p<0.001) and suggest that the basic sequences VλI and VλIII of Bence-Jones-proteins represent two distinct subgroups of normal light chains.
Alkylierungs- und Solvolyse-Reaktionen von N-Alkoxy-N-aryl-carbonsäureamiden / Alkylation and Solvolysis Reactions of N-Alkoxy-N-aryl-carboxamides
Authors: Kreher Richard , Bauer Armin , Hennige Hans
Published: August 2018

Alkylation of N-alkoxy-N-aryl-carboxamides with tertiary oxonium salts and solvolysis by sodium hydroxide to aromatic azo compounds was systematically investigated. The reaction sequence is mechanistically explained and the role of nitrenoide intermediates is discussed.
Synthesen von Heterocyclen, 181 / Syntheses of Heterocycles, 181
Authors: Kappe Th. , Lang G. , Ziegler E.
Published: August 2018

The reaction of thiourea with C3O2 yields a pyrimidothiazine derivative as a 1:2 adduct. An isomeric pyronopyrimidine is obtained by the action of C3O2 on thiobarbituric acid. The structure of the reaction products of thioamides and C3O2 has been reinvestigated.
Die Komplexchemie niederer Schwefeloxide, IV ESCA-Untersuchungen an S2-, S2O- und S202 -Komplexen des Iridiums / The Complex Chemistry of Low Sulfuroxides, IV ESCA Investigations of S2-, S2O- and S2O2-Complexes of Iridium
Authors: Knecht Josef , Schmid Günter
Published: August 2018

The ESCA spectra of the complexes [(TPE)2Ir(S2)]Cl, [(TPE)2Ir(S2O)]PF6 and [(TPE)2Ir(S2O2)]Cl, (TPE = Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2, “diphos”), have been investigated. The binding energy data for the S 2p, Ir 4f and P 2p electrons were measured and are discussed.
Notizen: Reaktion von Dirhodan mit substituierten Carbonyl(η-cyclopentadienyl)iodoeisen-Komplexen / Reaction of Thiocyanogen with Substituted Carbonyl(η-cyclopentadienyl)iodoiron Complexes
Authors: Kuhnhen Hans Bernd
Published: August 2018

Thiocyanogen reacts with [(η-C5H5)Fe(CO)(PPh3)I] and [(η-C5H5)Fe(CO)2(PPh3)]I to form the 1/1 adducts [(η-C5H5)Fe(CO)(PPh3)I • (SCN)2] and [(η-C5H5)Fe(CO)2(PPh3)][I • (SCN)2], respectively. The stretching frequencies and the 31P NMR data of the adducts are reported and discussed.
Notizen: 4α-Sapinine — a Novel Diterpene Ester from Sapium Indicum
Authors: Μiana G. A. , Schmidt R. , Hecker E. , Shamma M. , Moniot J. L. , KlAmuddin M.
Published: August 2018

The structure of the non irritant diterpene ester 4a-sapinine, isolated from Sapium indicum Willd. (Euphorbiaceae) is deduced to be 13-O-acetyl-4-deoxy-12-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)-4a-phorbol. It is the first diterpene ester alkaloid of the tigliane type.
Der Einfluß der Solvatation auf die thermische cis→trans-Isomerisierung quartärer Stilbazolium-Salze / The Effect of Solvation on the Thermal cis→trans Isomerization of Quarternary Stilbazolium Salts
Authors: Güsten Hans , Schulte-Frohlinde Dietrich
Published: August 2018

The solvent, temperature, concentration, pH, substitution as well as anion dependency were measured of the reaction rate constants for thermal cis→trans isomerization of quarternary stilbazolium salts (1). From the ionic conductance of 1 in the different solvents used the dissociation constants as well as the degree of dissociation were calculated according to the method by Shedlovsky.

The rate of the cis→trans isomerization is extremely sensitive to the solvent. In protic solvents the reaction rate decreases linearly with increasing Z-values indicated by Kosower. In dipolar aprotic and non-polar solvents the reaction rate is independent of the solvent parameters. It is concluded that the thermal cis→trans isomerization of stilbazolium salts (1) in dilute solutions occurs within the cation independently of the anion. The enormous increase of the rate of isomerization from stilbenes and stilbazoles to stilbazolium salts as well as their strong dependency on the solvent is due to the positive charge in 1 and the associated specific solvation phenomena. A possible polar transition state is discussed.
Cluster-Redoxpotentiale: Feineffekte durch Variation von Metallatomen und Liganden / Cluster Redox Potentials: Fine Tuning by Variations of Metal Atoms and Ligands
Authors: Honrath Ute , Vahrenkamp Heinrich
Published: August 2018

Influences due to the variations of metal atoms and ligands in organometallic clusters of the EM3 tetrahedrane type have been studied in detail with respect to their electrochemical behaviour. Replacements of metal atoms or of μ3 bridging chalcogen ligands cause rather small effects in the expected directions. The different charge along isoelectronic series of ECo3
+, EFeCo2, EFe2Co- clusters causes drastic changes. 23 mono-, bis-, and tris-isonitrile derivatives of SFeCo2(CO)9 were prepared. The influence of X groups in X-C6H4-NC on the cluster redox potentials is small; it can be expressed by an equation of the Hammett type
Die Addition protonenaktiver Stoffe an die Dreifachbindung der Iminoborane / The Addition of Protic Reagents to the Triple Bond of Iminoboranes
Authors: Paetzold Peter , Plotho Christoph von , Schwan Heinrich , Meier Hans-Ulrich
Published: August 2018

Protic reagents XH (X = Cl, RO, R2N) were added to the triple bond of the iminoboranes iPrB ≡ NiPr and BuB ≡ NtBu, in a rapid and uncatalyzed reaction
Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Gd2 NCl3 / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Gd2 NCl3
Authors: Schwanitz-Schüller Ulrich , Simon Arndt
Published: August 2018

The new compound Gd2NCl3 is formed from GdCl3 with Gd and N2 as well as from GdCl3 with GdN (at 1020 K). The crystal structure contains NGd4 tetrahedra, which are linked via opposite edges to form infinite chains (Orthorhombic, Pbcn; a = 1301.7(1), b = 673.10(6), c = 614.03(7) pm; R = 0.031 for 578 independent reflections). The formal analogy with structures containing condensed clusters, e.g. Gd2Cl3, is discussed.
Neue Gadoliniumcarbidbromide: Gd2C2 Br2 / New Gadolinium Carbide Bromides: Gd2C2 Br2 and Gd2CBr2
Authors: Schwanitz-Schüller Ulrich , Simon Arndt
Published: August 2018

The new compounds Gd2C2Br2, Gd2Br2 and Gd6C2Br7 are formed from GdBr3 with Gd and carbon at 1170 to 1320 K. The crystal structures contain condensed Gd octahedra, which are filled with either C2 -groups or carbon atoms. (Gd2C2Br2 : monoclinic, C2/m; a = 702.5(2), b = 383.61(9), c = 986.8(3) pm; β = 94.47(2)°; R = 0.063 for 330 independent reflections. Gd2CBr2 : trigonal, twinned, P3 ml; a = 382.09(7), c = 982.4(4) pm; R = 0.074 with 123 independent reflections.
Reaktion von Tetraschwefeltetranitrid mit Rhenium(VII)-chloronitrid Die Kristallstruktur von [Ph4As+ ]2 [Cl4 Re(NS)(NSCl) 2- ] · CH2 Cl2 / Reaction of Tetrasulfurtetranitride with Rhenium(VII)-chloronitride The Crystal Structure of [Ph4 As+ ]2 [Cl4 Re(NS)(NSCl)2- ] · CH2Cl2
Authors: Anhaus Jens , Siddiqi Zafar A. , Roesky Herbert W. , Bats Jan W. , Elerman Yalcin
Published: August 2018

The synthesis of [Ph4As+]2[Cl4Re(NS)(NSCl)2-] · CH2Cl2 (4) from the reaction of S4N4, Cl4ReN, and Ph4AsCl is reported. CH2Cl2 is used as solvent. The reaction of S4N4 with Re2Cl10 similarly leads to the salt [Ph4As+][Cl2ReNS-] (5) in a smaller yield. 4 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1̅ with Z = 2, a - 10.434(2), b = 12.1454(6), c = 21.125(2) Å, a = 81.210(6), β = 86.70(1), γ = 76.624(8)°.
Azaborolinyl-Komplexe, XVIII [1]. η5 -1,2-Azaborolinyl-η6 -Aromaten-Sandwichkomplexe des Eisens / Azaborolinyl Complexes, XVIII [1]. η5-1,2-Azaborolinyl-η6 -arene Sandwich Complexes of Iron
Authors: Schmid Günter , Barbenheim Gerd , Boese Roland
Published: August 2018

Bis(1-tert-butyl-2-methyl-η5-1,2-azaborolinyl)iron can be transformed into cationic (1-tert-butyl-2-methyl-η5-1,2-azaborolinyl)-η6-arene-iron sandwich complexes by the reaction with an excess of the arene (benzene (1), toluene (2), o-xylene (3), and mesitylene (4)), AlX3 (X = Cl, Br) and aluminum at 80 °C with 60-70% yield. The sandwich cations are best isolated as PF6
− salts. 1H, 11B, and 13C N|MR data indicate η5 coordinated 1,2-azaborolinyl ligands and η6 bound arenes, in agreement with X-ray structure investigations on 1 and 2, using FeCl4
2 and FeBr4
2- anions because of the better crystal quality compared with the PF6
−salts.
Reduktive Enthalogenierung von (Cl, Br)RP–CH2–PR(Cl, Br) mit Fe2(CO)9– Bildung von Komplexen mit gespannten Diphosphirangerüsten und bifunktionellen Phosphidobrücken (µ2-PR)2CH2 / Reductive Dehalogenation of (Cl, Br)RP–CH2—PR(Cl, Br) with Fe2(CO)9– Formation of Complexes with Strained Diphosphirane Skeletons and Bifunctional Phosphido Bridges (μ2-PR)2CH2
Authors: Bitterer F. , Brauer D. J. , Dörrenbach F. , Gol F. , Knüppel P. C. , Stelzer O. , Krüger C. , Tsay Y.-H.
Published: August 2018

Reductive dehalogenation of the bifunctional methylene bridged halogenphosphines XRP-CH2—PRX (X = Cl, Br; R = iPr, tBu, 2,4,6-R′3C6H2 (R′ = Me, iPr, tBu), N(SiMe3)2 and 2,6,4-tBu2MeC6H2—O) with diironenneacarbonyl affords phosphido complexes with strained RP—CH2—PR backbones, Fe2(CO)6[(μ2-PR)2CH2] (8a-8g). X-Ray structural analyses of the 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2 (8d) and 2,6,4-tBu2MeC6H2—O derivatives (8g) reveal that the Fe2P2C skeletons have remarkably small P—C—P angles (83,7(4)° (8d), 78,6(1)° (8g)).

The dehalogenation of XRP—CH2—PRX with Fe,(CO)9 is preceded by the formation of iron carbonyl complexes (RXP—CH2—PRX)[Fe(CO)4]n (n = 1, 2). For derivatives with bulky substituents R complex formation proceeds diastereoselectively. In case of 3 b the diastereoisomers could be separated and a crystallographic examination of the racemic form showed that the P—C—P backbone possesses C2 symmetry with an approximately trans conformation of the P—C—P fragment. The P-atoms occupy the equatorial position within the Fe(CO)4P units.

The chloro-phosphido bridged complex Fe2(CO)6(μ2-Cl)(µ2-PR—CH2—PRCl—Fe(CO)4) (4a), formed by oxidative addition of a P—Cl bond to Fe(0), or diphosphiranes and their complexes [(RP)2CH2][Fe(CO)4]n (n = 0-2; 5-7) have been isolated as intermediates of the XRP-CH2—PRX dehalogenation. The diphosphiranes 5 were synthesized independently by reduction of the halogenphosphines XRP—CH2—PRX with lithium or magnesium. An X-ray examination of 4a showed that it contains a μ2-PR—CH2—PRCl backbone which bridges Fe2(CO)6(μ2-Cl) and Fe(CO)4 units, the P—C—P angle being remarkably large, 127,3(1)°.
Inhaltsstoffe aus Pseudocalymma elegans (Vell.) Kuhlm. 2. Isolierung eines neuen Iridoidglucosids und von Durantosid II / Ingredients from Pseudocalymma elegans (Vell.) Kuhlm. 2. Isolation of a New Iridoid Glucoside and of Durantoside II
Authors: Krebs Hans Chr.
Published: August 2018

A new iridoid glucoside, pseudocalymmoside, has been isolated besides lamiide and durantoside II from the methanolic extract of the poisonous brazilian plant Pseudocalymma elegans. 13C NMR data of durantoside II are reported for the first time.
Struktur-/Geruchs-Beziehungen bicyclischer Oxime / Structure/Odour Relationships of Bicyclic Oximes
Authors: Buchbauer Gerhard , Spreitzer Helmut , Kotlan Ulla
Published: August 2018

Numerous bicyclic oximes are synthesized and for the first time the influence not only of the bicyclic nucleus but also of the α-geminai dimethyl group on the odourous character studied. The pleasant cassis odour of camphenilonoxime seems remarkable.
Kristallstrukturuntersuchung an einem Strontium-Vanadyl-Vanadat: Sr2(VO)V2O8 / Crystal Structure Investigation of the Strontium Vanadyl-Vanadate: Sr2(VO)V2O8
Authors: Feldmann J. , Müller-Buschbaum Hk.
Published: August 2018

Single crystals of Sr2(VO)V2O8 have been prepared by quenching melts from higher temperatures. This compound represents a new structure type and crystallizes with monoclinic symmetry, space group C6
2h–I2/a, a = 6.929, b = 16.246, c = 7.260 Å, β = 115.82°, Z = 4. The point positions occupied by V5+ show tetrahedral coordination. The refinement of the V4+ position led to split positions with acentric orientations of V4+ in the octahedral O2- surrounding. It results in a square pyramidal coordination with one short V–O distance typically for vanadyl groups.
Das erste cyclische Isopolyoxoanion aus Oktaederbausteinen. Synthese und Strukturbestimmung von Kaliumhexatellurat(VI) K8Te6O17(OH)10 · 1/2 KOH · 16 H2O / The First Cyclic Isopolyoxo Anion Built from Octahedra. The Structure of the Potassiumhexatellurate(VI) K8Te6O17(OH)10 · 1/2 KOH · 16 H2O
Authors: Puder Andreas , Fuchs Joachim , Lentz Dieter , Roth Klaus
Published: August 2018

The crystal structure of the potassium hexatellurate(VI) K8Te6O17(OH)10 · l/2 KOH · 16 H2O features a cyclic polyoxotellurate anion with six octahedral TeO6 units condensed through alternate sharing of edges and vertices.