bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Empathy for children is often missing”: a mixed methods analysis of a German forum on COVID-19 pandemic measures
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Kính , Berner-Rodoreda Astrid , Baum Nina , Bärnighausen Till
Published: October 2024

Background

The pandemic and its preventive measures disrupted daily routines and posed unforeseen obstacles for families. Users of public online forums chronicled these challenges by freely expressing their sentiments in unrestricted text-length formats. We explored a German COVID-19 forum to understand family perspectives and experiences of pandemic measures, particularly in terms of testing and vaccinating children. Our findings aim to inform future epidemic health policies.

Methods

We retrieved all 11,207 entries from a COVID-19 forum during its lifespan (June 2020 - December 2021), posted during the height of the pandemic. We classified the entries into topic clusters including general pandemic situation, testing, or vaccination using state-of-the-art text embeddings and clustering algorithms. The clusters were selected based on the research’s aims and analysed qualitatively using a health policy triangle framework.

Results

Users generally appreciated pandemic public health safety measures for everyone’s protection, yet voiced concerns about inconsistent policies and disproportional disadvantages for children compared to other societal groups, like the elderly. Non-compliers were overwhelmingly regarded with skepticism and critiqued. Users found COVID-19 (exit) strategies and information about the benefits of vaccination unclear. This created hurdles for parents and caregivers in navigating their children’s school and social life. Users endorsed vaccinating children mainly for “normalising” children’s lives rather than for their physical health benefits. Some users suggested prioritising teachers and early childhood educators on the vaccination eligibility list to speed up a return to “normality”.

Conclusions

During pandemics, governments should prioritize addressing the societal and mental health needs of children by implementing participatory and family-oriented public health measures for schools and kindergartens. Clear communication coupled with consistent design and implementation of safety measures and regulations, would be crucial for building trust in the general population and for ensuring compliance regarding testing and vaccination. Communicating the benefits and risks of vaccinating children is of paramount importance  for informed decision-making among parents. In future epidemics, computer-aided analysis of large online qualitative data would offer valuable insights into public sentiments and concerns, enabling proactive and adaptive epidemic responses.
Per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and respiratory health in an Inuit community
Authors: Aker Amira , Courtemanche Yohann , Ayotte Pierre , Robert Philippe , Gaudreau Éric , Lemire Mélanie
Published: October 2024

Background

Concentrations of plasma per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are elevated in the Inuit population of Nunavik and may be causing adverse health effects. Respiratory health outcomes have been associated with PFAS, but have not been explored in Inuit communities. The aim of the study was to examine the association between PFAS and respiratory health outcomes, and the moderating role of nutritional biomarkers.

Methods

We included up to 1298 participants of the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 survey aged 16–80 years. Generalized regression models were used to estimate the associations between six individual PFAS congeners and four self-reported symptoms, four spirometry measures, and physician-diagnosed asthma. Outcomes associated with PFAS from single chemical models were further explored using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). The modifying effect of n-3 PUFA in red blood cell quartiles and vitamin D deficiency were examined on the associations between PFAS and respiratory outcomes.

Results

PFNA and PFOS were associated with asthma (odds ratio (OR) 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 2.32; OR 1.45 95% CI 1.04, 2.03). PFOA, PFNA, PFDA and PFHxS were associated with a decrease in the ratio between the forced expiratory volume in the first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). No associations were observed with self-reported respiratory symptoms. No associations were observed between a PFAS mixture and asthma. Some associations were modified by nutritional factors, namely, stronger associations between PFOA and PFHxS and asthma with lower n-3 PUFA levels and stronger associations between PFDA, PFUnDA and PFOS and FEV1/FVC with vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusion

These findings add to the growing literature on the impacts of PFAS on respiratory health, and the importance of their global regulation. Associations were modified by nutritional factors pointing to the nutritional value of traditional Inuit foods.
Multi-assessed green sustainable chromatographic resolution of nicotine and caffeine; application to in-vitro release from a new quick mist mouth spray co-formula
Authors: Salem Yomna A. , Abbas Ahmed Emad F. , Salem Amgad E. , Abdella Aya A. , El-Masry Amal A.
Published: October 2024

The availability of well-established analytical methods is crucial to cope with the fast-ongoing research for the development of new drug delivery formulations. In this work, a rapid highly green chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nicotine (NIC) and caffeine (CAF) to be applied for an in-vitro release study from a newly prepared quick mist mouth spray co-formula (QMS), as a complementary synergistic fast-onset relief of cravings during smoking cessation. The chromatographic resolution was accomplished on a cyano column using isocratically delivered (1.0 mL/ min) glycerol: orthophosphoric acid (OPA) (0.2 M) adjusted to pH 3.0 using 0.05 M triethylamine (5:95, v/v) and UV detection at 260 nm. Well resolved peaks of NIC and CAF were eluted at 2.1 and 3.9 min (Rs = 5.64), with linear responses between 0.1 and 20.0 µg/mL and 0.2–40.0 µg/mL, and detection limits of 0.03 and 0.07 µg/mL for NIC and CAF, respectively. The developed method showed good analytical performance (accuracy, precision, robustness, and selectivity) as well as superiority in practicality and ecological profile compared to reported methods applying GAPI, analytical eco-scale, AGREE, BAGI, and whiteness metric tool. The developed method was successfully applied for NIC and CAF determination in their pharmaceutical preparations, and artificial saliva with no significant differences from reported method results (F-test and t-test). Moreover, an in-vitro release study of NIC and CAF from QMS was performed employing the developed method that revealed diffusion-controlled release, compared to mixed diffusion/ polymer chain relaxation for marketed single component formulation, showing the superiority of QMS in reducing drug level fluctuations of NIC and CAF and improving their bioavailability.

Graphical Abstract
Erythrocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentration is enhanced by systematic sports participation
Authors: Pospieszna Barbara , Kusy Krzysztof , Slominska Ewa Maria , Zieliński Jacek , Ciekot-Sołtysiak Monika
Published: October 2024

Background

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), and their reduced forms (NADH and NADPH) are the vital cofactors for most cellular oxidation/reduction reactions and therefore influence most critical pathways in cellular metabolism. This study aimed to predict the trends of age-related changes in erythrocyte NAD+ and NADP+ concentrations in elite athletes compared to untrained controls and to assess whether life-long physical training stimulates favorable adaptations in erythrocyte NAD(P)+ concentrations.

Methods

Erythrocyte concentrations of NAD+ and NADP+ were measured in 68 elite endurance runners (20–81 years), 58 elite sprinters (21–90 years), and 62 untrained individuals (20–68 years). Linear regression analyses were performed to estimate longitudinal relationships and cross-sectional rates of change between age and erythrocyte NAD+ and NADP+ levels. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine differences between the studied groups.

Results

In all three groups, the erythrocyte NAD+ and NADP+ concentrations significantly decreased with advancing age, suggesting gradual deterioration of NAD-related regulatory functions in older individuals. However, the concentration of erythrocyte NAD(P)+, regardless of age category, was higher in the athletic groups compared to less active controls.

Conclusions

Our research shows that systematic sports participation, especially of a sprint-oriented nature, can be treated as a natural and effective strategy promoting cellular NAD(P)+ anabolism and thus cells’ energy and redox metabolism.

Trial registration

The study was retrospectively registered in the clinical trials registry on 2021-11-09 (NCT05113914).
Fatty acids from nutrition sources for preterm infants and their effect on plasma fatty acid profiles
Authors: Fusch Gerhard , Fink Naomi H. , Rochow Niels , Fusch Christoph
Published: October 2024

Background

In preterm infants, IV administration of fat is less well tolerated compared to intake via the enteral route, often resulting in hypertriglyceridemia. It is therefore recommended that parenteral fat intake should not exceed 3.5 to 4.0 g/kg/d whereas human milk can provide up to 8 g/kg/d. It is unknown whether such hypertriglyceridemic conditions are caused by a uniform increase of all fatty acids or it is linked to an elevation of distinct fatty acids due to an unbalanced intake. Obviously, both scenarios could potentially influence the formulation of novel lipid solutions for preterm infants. Objective of this exploratory study was to compare fatty acid profiles between a) different nutritional sources and corresponding plasma samples, b) plasma of infants fed breast milk versus those receiving lipid emulsion, and c) plasma of infants with normal versus elevated triglyceride levels.

Methods

Forty-seven preterm infants < 36 weeks of gestation were included; fatty acid profiles were measured in serum samples and corresponding nutritional sources (breast milk and lipid emulsion) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Results

Compared to breast milk levels, plasma contained significantly lower C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C19:1n9, C18:3n3 (p < 0.0001). In contrast, relative abundance of C16:0, C18:0 and C20:4n6 was higher in plasma than in corresponding breast milk samples (p < 0.001) and lipid emulsion (p < 0.01). Compared to the corresponding lipid emulsion, the abundance of C18:2n6 and C18:3n3 was significantly lower in plasma (p < 0.001). Fatty acid profiles in plasma of infants fed breast milk compared to lipid emulsion were not markedly different. Hypertriglyceridemic samples showed elevated levels for C18:1n9 and C16:0 when compared with normotriglyceridemic samples.

Conclusions

Our study reveals that lipid levels in plasma show both depletion and enrichment of distinct fatty acids which do not seem to be closely related to dietary intake. A more detailed understanding of fatty acid flux rates is needed, like the understanding of amino acid metabolism and is supported by the finding that hypertriglyceridemia might be a state of selective fatty acid accumulation. This would allow to develop more balanced diets for intensive care and potentially improve clinical outcomes.
Changing the conversation: impact of guidelines designed to optimize interprofessional facilitation of simulation-based team training
Authors: Ju Mindy , Bochatay Naike , Werne Alexander , Essakow Jenna , Tsang Lisa , Nottingham Mary , Franzon Deborah , Lyndon Audrey , van Schaik Sandrijn
Published: October 2024

Background

Interprofessional simulation-based team training (ISBTT) is commonly used to optimize interprofessional teamwork in healthcare. The literature documents the benefits of ISBTT, yet effective interprofessional collaboration continues to be challenged by complex hierarchies and power dynamics. Explicitly addressing these issues during ISBTT may help participants acquire skills to navigate such challenges, but guidelines on how to do this are limited.

Methods

We applied an educational design research approach to develop and pilot structured facilitator guidelines that explicitly address power and hierarchy with interprofessional teams. We conducted this work in a previously established ISBTT program at our institution, between September 2020 and December 2021. We first reviewed the literature to identify relevant educational theories and developed design principles. We subsequently designed, revised, and tested guidelines. We used qualitative thematic and content analysis of facilitator interviews and video-recording of IBSTT sessions to evaluate the effects of the guidelines on the pre- and debriefs.

Results

Qualitative content analysis showed that structured guidelines shifted debriefing participation and content. Debriefings changed from physician-led discussions with a strong focus on medical content to conversations with more equal participation by nurses and physicians and more emphasis on teamwork and communication. The thematic analysis further showed how the conversation during debriefing changed and how interprofessional learning improved after the implementation of the guidelines. While power and hierarchy were more frequently discussed, for many facilitators these topics remained challenging to address.

Conclusion

We successfully created and implemented guidelines for ISBTT facilitators to explicitly address hierarchy and power. Future work will explore how this approach to ISBTT impacts interprofessional collaboration in clinical practice.
TECHNOLOGY OF VISUAL PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS IN PEDAGOGICAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: Shishlova Ekaterina E.
Published: October 2024

Background. The article discusses modern profiling techniques, the integration of which into pedagogical communication will improve the quality of the educational process at a university. The relevance of the study is due to the decisive role of pedagogical communication in the education and upbringing of the younger generation, the need to enrich it with new communication technologies.
The purpose of the article is to substantiate the importance of constructing a visual psychodiagnostic technology that promotes operational perception, including non-verbal, external manifestations, of individual characteristics of students in order to establish effective interaction with them.
Objectives of the study: presentation of profiling in the context of its formation as an independent branch of psychological knowledge; studying the nature of teachers’ ideas about the possibilities of using operational “reading” techniques in the educational process of a university; designing a technology for operational visual psychodiagnostics, determining its structural components.
Methodology. To achieve this goal, systemic, interdisciplinary and person-oriented approaches were used, which made it possible to systematize the structural components of visual psychodiagnostics technology as enriching traditional methods of interaction with students in pedagogy.
The results of the study allowed us to draw a conclusion about the special role of visual psychodiagnostics in the operational perception and understanding of students, its demand by university teachers, as evidenced by the data of the survey. The applied value of the technology is indicated, associated with the possibility of interpreting external non-verbal manifestations as reflecting internal states and intentions. Conceptual and substantive grounds for designing the technology are proposed, and its format is defined as person-oriented.
FEATURES OF THE CONCEPTS OF TIME OF SUBJECTS WITH DIFFERENT LEADING PERSONALITY ARCHETYPE
Authors: Skleynis Viktor A.
Published: October 2024

Purpose. The article is devoted to the study of semantic universals of time estimation by subjects with different leading personality archetype. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of assessing the time continuum associated with the leading personality archetype. The author considers the archetype as a deep semantic structure, manifested at the level of surface structures in the specifics of evaluating stimuli, including the time continuum.
Methodology. The sampling consisted of 112 people who differ in the leading personality archetype. To determine the leading personality archetype, a set of MAC "12 archetypes plus" was used, and a specialized semantic differential "time" was used to determine the subjects' ideas about the time of their lives. The processing of the received data was carried out using the method of semantic universalities.
Results. As a result of the study, data were obtained on the presence of differences in the semantic universalities of estimating the time of their lives by subjects with different leading personality archetype. At the same time, the differences obtained are relevant to the localization of the leading archetype on the axes of the archetypal space, which indicates the manifestation of the archetype at the level of semantic structures in the evaluation of the time continuum.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be used for further research of archetypes as deep semantic structures, as well as in the field of practical use of knowledge about the psychology of the archetype, such as  psychological counseling or the psychology of advertising.
THE PECULIARITIES OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN SOCIO-CULTURAL CHALLENGES
Authors: Belovitskaya Svetlana I. , Shatokhina Irina V.
Published: October 2024

This article reveals the peculiarities of the transformation of the vocational training of future primary education specialists. Based on the theoretical and methodological analysis of normative documents, the authors note the importance of the transformation of higher education, in particular, the training of future teachers at both theoretical and practical levels, emphasize the features of innovations in the general education system and present options for training a "new" primary school teacher depending on modern socio-cultural challenges.
The problem of the study is to establish a connection between updating the content of general education at the federal level and the system of vocational training of primary school teachers. Therefore, it is possible to assume that the existing modern socio-cultural challenges contribute to the transformation of higher education, in particular the training of primary school teachers.
The purpose of the study is a theoretical study of the transformation of the vocational training of primary school teachers, taking into account modern socio-cultural challenges.
The method and methodology of the research consists in the study and analysis of scientific psychological and pedagogical publications and the regulatory documents in the field of education of the Russian Federation, as well as summarizing the authors’ experience in training future primary school teachers and systematization of the research materials.
Results. The article develops and presents the models of criteria-based assessment in primary school in a common educational space and the transformation of the vocational training of primary school teachers in the context of modern socio-cultural challenges. The features of the formation of new meta-professional competencies of primary school teachers are revealed. The opinions of scientists on the need to develop a set of pedagogical and methodological measures aimed at improving the quality of education in the Russian Federation are summarized and interpreted. The results obtained can be applied in the pedagogical activity of specialists in general, secondary vocational and higher education, as well as of those who are interested in the problems of modern education.
EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POTENTIAL TO IMPROVE CADET TRAINING QUALITY
Authors: Verkhoturtsev Yurii D.
Published: October 2024

The article considers various conceptual approaches to the conceptualization of educational environments. Its main components are considered. Directions and indicators influencing the improvement of the quality of education are highlighted. Prior directions in the educational environment of military educational organizations of higher education (military education organizations) influencing the quality of military-professional education are defined. Attention is focused on the fact that understanding its main components and the relationships between them will allow us to develop and implement effective strategies for improving the quality of training for military personnel. It is concluded that it is necessary to constantly monitor and study the educational environment to timely adapt its components to modern life conditions that affect the quality of military professional education.
The purpose of the article is to identify the components of the educational environment of military educational institutions, the development and improvement of which will lead to the improvement of the quality of military professional education.
Method and methodology. The research is based on the methods of studying and analyzing scientific publications, systematizing the studied information, and searching for optimal solutions.
Results. The components of the educational environment of a military educational organization, which have a direct impact on the quality of military professional education, are described. Attention is paid to the necessity of continuous improvement and development of the components of the educational environment of a military educational organization, taking into account its variability and dependence on economic, political, and social changes in society.
Scope of application of the results. The obtained results can be applied to the didactics of higher military education in order to improve the quality of military professional education.
DIGITAL LEARNING FOOTPRINT AS A WAY OF FIXING SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL TEXTS AS A RESULT OF SEMANTIC READING BY SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Romashchenko Alexey R.
Published: October 2024

Purpose. One of the main directions of teaching methodology is the creation of a personalized educational route. In the context of the development of the digital educational environment, it is necessary to explore the possibilities of combining individualization of learning with modern digital platforms. The key concept in the study of this topic is the "digital footprint". The article presents a model for displaying a digital footprint in the form of a digital profile, a universal diagnosis of the understanding of the educational text is compiled to create its own text field and it is recorded that the secondary educational text can be a digital artifact that remains in cloud storage and forms part of the digital footprint for a certain period of time.
Methodology. The research is based on the analysis and synthesis of psychological, pedagogical and educational literature, on modeling the process of fixing secondary educational texts in the form of a digital artifact, which will be part of the digital footprint, as well as displaying the levels of subject, meta-subject and personal results.
Results. The concepts of digital footprint and digital artifact, secondary educational text, and semantic reading are defined. A digital footprint model consisting of digital artifacts in the form of secondary educational texts has been developed, and a universal diagnostic of the understanding of the educational text has been created to create a secondary text by students.
Practical implications. The results can be applied in creating a digital educational environment of an educational organization based on the compilation and accumulation of a digital footprint of each student, in the analysis of digital artifacts presented in the form of secondary educational texts, in the development of a system for evaluating educational results achieved using modern technologies.
MEDIATIVE COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NON-LINGUISTIC STUDENTS LANGUAGE PROFILE
Authors: Kasatkina Natalia N.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes theoretical and methodological approaches of mediation competence development in education of non-linguistic students in higher education system. The development of mediative competence seems to be an effective way of forming the university student’s language profile. The novelty of the study is justified by an attempt to apply a mediative approach in developing assignments and exercises in a foreign language for students of higher professional education historical faculties. The paper presents the results of current needs survey and the identification of non-linguistic specialty students language profile. The analysis confirmed the relevance of mediative techniques usage as a pedagogical form of educational process organization. Methods of developing mediative competence through the use of special tasks and exercises in the university educational process are described. It was concluded on the presented techniques implementation effectiveness in order to improve non-linguistic specialties students’ language profile.
Purpose. The article is devoted to the problem of the mediative competence development in the context of higher education modern pedagogical didactics. The subject of the analysis is the mediative approach practical application in the organizing the educational process when teaching a foreign language to students of historical faculties in universities. The author aims to characterize the mediative approach principles aimed at improving the language profile of higher education students.
Methodology. The basis of the study are theoretical and general scientific methods, sociological methods (questioning).
Results. The results of the study are to identify four components of the mediative competence formation among university students (communicative; pluricultural; socio-psychological; professional), which form the language profile basis of higher education students. Also, the work attempted to develop techniques and principles for introducing a mediative approach to teaching English as a foreign language for students of historical specialties.
Practical implications. The results can be applied in the educational process of higher education as part of the non-linguistic specialties in foreign languages teaching.
The Covid Inquiry: key questions
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: October 2024

Probe into UK's pandemic response turns its attention to the impact on children and young people
The big debate: How can we make SEND support more efficient and effective?
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: October 2024

A surge in the number of cases referred to the SEND Tribunal backs campaigners’ concerns that the system is failing to meet children's needs. Three experts outline changes to improve support amid rising demand
Key data: Children and families’ experiences of the SEND system
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: October 2024

Expert sets out the key principles that planned Young Futures Hubs must adopt to be successful
Leaders want say in Ofsted's move to narrative inspection judgments
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: October 2024

Ofsted's decision to scrap single-phrase judgments for social care and early years providers draws support from sectors lacking trust in the inspectorate but needs further consultation to ensure success, experts say
Malignant melanoma: An important differential diagnosis for clear cell sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: He Yan-Fei
Published: October 2024

A case report by Liu et al describes the characteristics of metastatic clear cell sarcoma (CCS) of the pancreas and provides valuable therapeutic insights for this rare malignancy. This case is interesting because of its rarity, suggesting that the pancreas may be a potential target organ for CCS, either primary or metastatic. At the same time, the authors also emphasize the importance of regular postoperative follow-up for timely detection of recurrent lesions, as CCS is characterized by a high degree of malignancy and a high rate of recurrent metastases. Considering that CCS of the gastrointestinal tract is easily confused with malignant melanoma (MM) of the gastrointestinal tract, here we compare the clinical features, histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CCS and MM of the gastrointestinal tract, hoping to provide a reference for clinical work.
Characteristics and prognosis of small bowel tumors: A retrospective study
Authors: Liu Fang-Chen , Wang Ching-Hsiang , Chen Peng-Jen , Shih Yu-Lueng , Lin Hsuan-Hwai , Lin Jung-Chun , Chang Wei-Kuo , Hsieh Tsai-Yuan , Lin Gen-Min , Huang Tien-Yu
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Small bowel tumors (SBTs) are a heterogeneous group of difficult-to-diagnose tumors that account for 2%-5% of all gastrointestinal tumors. Single-balloon enteroscopy greatly enhances the diagnosis and treatment of SBTs. However, few epidemiological studies have been conducted in Taiwan to determine the clinical profile of SBTs.

AIM

To investigate the clinical characteristics, managements and prognosis of SBTs in a medical center in Taiwan.

METHODS

The study enrolled 51 patients aged 58.9 ± 8.8 years (range, 22-93) diagnosed with SBTs from November 2009 to July 2021. We retrospectively recorded clinical characteristics, indications, endoscopic findings, pathological results, management, and outcomes for further analysis.

RESULTS

A male preponderance was observed (56.8%). The most common indications were suspected small intestinal tumors (52.9%) and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (39.2%). The most common tumor location was the ileum (41.2%). The performance of imaging studies (P = 0.004) and the types of findings (P = 0.005) differed significantly between malignant and benign SBTs. The most frequent imaging finding was a small intestinal mass (43.1%). The top three malignant tumor types were gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), adenocarcinomas, and lymphomas. Moreover, the proportions of benign and malignant tumors were 27.5% and 72.5%, respectively. The survival rates of patients with malignant tumors in the GIST and non-GIST groups differed significantly (P = 0.015). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a significant difference in survival between patients in the malignant and benign groups (P = 0.04). All patients with lymphoma underwent chemotherapy (n = 7/8, 87.5%), whereas most patients with GISTs underwent surgery (n = 13/14, 92.8%).

CONCLUSION

Patients with GISTs have a significantly higher survival rate than those with other malignant SBTs. Therefore, a large-scale nationwide study is warranted to evaluate the population-based epidemiology of SBTs.
Ophthalmic complications of injectable facial fillers
Authors: Nishant Prateek , Morya Arvind Kumar , Sinha Sony , Sinha Ranjeet Kumar
Published: October 2024

The recently published mini-review article by Miotti et al is an effort to clarify various aspects regarding the choice between fat grafts and fillers in facial aesthetic surgery. One of the complications associated with the administration of fillers is the possibility of vascular injury and spread of the dermal filler into the orbit, causing unexpected effects at a site distant from that of the initial injection, including ophthalmoplegia, ptosis and even visual compromise. Acute vision loss following filler injection is a devastating complication, occurring in up to 0.0008% of cases. The greatest risk of this complication occurs with nasal augmentation, followed by glabellar wrinkle treatment. While injected autologous fat predominantly occludes the proximal portion of the ophthalmic artery, hyaluronic acid fillers obstruct the ophthalmic artery comparatively distally. Treatment interventions include thrombolysis, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, oral aspirin, cobamamide and acetazolamide and administration of corticosteroids. However, most studies show a poor prognosis in the form of partial or no recovery of vision. Hence, prevention is of paramount importance. A high index of suspicion is also warranted on the part of both those administering as well as receiving injections of facial fillers to prevent potentially vision-threatening complications of this seemingly innocuous procedure.
Pre-autism: Advancing early identification and intervention in autism
Authors: Al-Beltagi Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often diagnosed long after symptoms have become noticeable. This delay can make it difficult to provide early intervention, which can impact long-term outcomes. The concept of "pre-autism" highlights the phase before a formal diagnosis of ASD, providing an opportunity for earlier identification and intervention, which could be a turning point in ASD management. In a previous article, we explored different ways of diagnosing pre-autism, including historical records, physical markers, laboratory tests, and radiological evidence. This manuscript builds on that foundation by emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in ASD. Recent research advancements have clarified that ASD presentations can be complex, and individualized support strategies are necessary. The significance of pre-autism lies in its potential to alter the trajectory of ASD through early detection and intervention despite challenges such as limited awareness and variability in symptom presentation. Biomarkers and diagnostic tools have shown promise as avenues for early detection, but it is essential to exercise caution and not rely too heavily on yet-to-be-established markers. Addressing these challenges requires a collaborative effort to increase awareness, improve access to diagnostic tools, and foster inclusive environments. Ultimately, this manuscript calls for ongoing research, advocacy, and resource allocation to enhance early detection and intervention efforts, ensuring optimal outcomes for individuals on the autism spectrum.
Global Governance under Populism: The Challenge of Information Suppression
Authors: Carnegie Allison , Clark Richard , Zucker Noah
Published: October 2024

abstract: Populists’ ideological opposition to global governance is well recognized, yet whether and how these actors systematically undermine international organizations remain unclear. The authors argue that a key means by which populists warp global governance is by distorting scientific information, which is necessary for global responses to many public health and environmental issues. Populists are motivated to withhold or misreport scientific information due to their anti-elite, prostate sovereignty views. Using new data on the source and quality of information provided to international organizations (ios), the authors find that populist leaders are significantly less likely to provide scientific information to ios than are other types of leaders. When they do offer such data, they are less accurate than the information that other sources supply. The authors’ findings suggest that populism may stymie international institutions’ ability to govern in areas of pressing international concern.
Informal, Legal, or Illegal? Varieties of Artisanal Mining in the Global South
Authors: Orozco Zaraí Toledo , Arce Moisés
Published: October 2024

abstract: Artisanal mining in the Global South increased during the 2002–14 commodity boom, yet variation in the informal status of miners remains understudied. The authors define the status of artisanal mining based on the degree of rule compliance and the willingness of state actors to enforce such compliance: it is legal when the miners have formal permits to operate and follow state rules to mine, but it is illegal when the mining takes places in restricted natural reserves and noncompliance with state mining rules is extensive. The article explains transitions in the informal status of artisanal miners by examining the importance of mining to the local economy and the organizational asymmetries within the sector—that is, the differences in the associative strength of artisanal mining within a region. Where artisanal mining is central to the local economy, low asymmetries help miners transition to legality while high asymmetries, by contrast, push them toward illegality and criminality. The authors process trace these transitions in Peru’s most important gold-producing regions. The findings have broad implications for other small-scale producers and merchants whose activities are also known for widespread informality.
Agrarian Elites, Wealth Inequality, and State Capacity: Evidence from Early Twentieth-Century Brazil
Authors: Pardelli Giuliana
Published: October 2024

abstract: Traditional agrarian elites have often been portrayed as obstacles to the expansion of the state. Because landed actors are particularly exposed to taxation, inequality is expected to exacerbate their resistance to the development of fiscal capacity. This article argues that when propertied actors are politically dominant and obtain benefits from public spending that are proportional to their capital endowments, wealth inequality is associated with greater elite support for capacity investments. Using early twentieth-century Brazilian data, the author shows that where landed elites faced fewer political threats, higher levels of landholding concentration were associated with increased fiscal and administrative capacity. Tests of mechanisms corroborate the idea that this relationship results from elite demands for specific types of public spending. These findings contribute to the broader literature on state-building by providing new insights into the interaction between economic interests and political dominance in shaping subnational variation in the reach of the state.
Electoral Systems and the Autocrat’s Trade-Off: Evidence from the Russian Duma
Authors: Woller Anders
Published: October 2024

abstract: Legislative elections sustain authoritarian regimes, but distinct electoral systems simultaneously benefit and hurt the political prospects of those regimes. The author theorizes about a trade-off between electoral systems that facilitate information on local elite preferences, and systems that maintain legislative control. An electoral system can achieve either, but not at the same time. The author undertakes an empirical study of Russian federal deputies, half of whom are elected in single-member districts, the other half on a nationwide closed-party list. Candidates can register on both lists (N = 515), and district results determine final list affiliation. Electoral incentives change abruptly for deputies who are barely winning or losing their district, a fact that the author exploits to identify the effects of local representation on pro- and antiregime parliamentary behavior. The results support a trade-off: district-list deputies convey more information on local preferences in their speeches than party-list deputies do, but they oppose law proposals more frequently. How autocrats weigh this trade-off determines the electoral system and illuminates electoral reform in autocracies.
Advanced photonic integrated circuit resonators modeled using scattering matrix methods
Authors: Moss David
Published: October 2024

We propose a universal approach for modeling complex integrated photonic resonators based on the scattering matrix method. By dividing devices into basic elements including directional cou-plers and connecting waveguides, our approach can be used to model integrated photonic reso-nators with both unidirectional and bidirectional light propagation, with the simulated spectral response showing good agreement with experimental results. A simplified form of our ap-proach, which divides devices into several independent submodules such as microring resonators and Sagnac interferometers, is also introduced to streamline the calculation of spectral transfer functions. Finally, we discuss the deviations introduced by approximations in our modeling, along with strategies for improving modeling accuracy. Our approach is universal across dif-ferent integrated platforms, providing a useful tool for designing and optimizing integrated photonic devices with complex configurations.
Disruptive Forces in Metamaterial Tweezers for Trapping 20 nm Nanoparticles Based On Molecular Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Bouloumis Theodoros , Zhao Hao , Kokkinidis Nikolaos , Hu Yunbin , Truong Viet Giang , Narita Akimitsu , Chormaic Sile Nic
Published: October 2024

In recent years, plasmonic optical tweezers have been used to trap nanoparticles and study interactions with their environment. An unavoidable challenge is the plasmonic heating due to resonant excitation and the resulting temperature rise in the surrounding environment. In this work, we demonstrate optical trapping of nanoparticles based on molecular graphene quantum dots having quasi-core/shell structure with an average diameter of 20 nm using metamaterial plasmonic tweezers. We achieved superior trapping performance and trap stiffness values as high as 8.8 (fN/nm)/(mW/μm²) with optical intensities lower than 1 mW/μm². A range of incident intensities was used to monitor the effect of increasing intensity in the trapping performance. Higher intensities resulted in stronger optical forces, but thermal effects tended to disturb the trapping. Beyond a critical intensity, where the temperature rise reached 15.9⁰C, a large number of particles were being trapped with lower stiffness values indicating the presence of thermal flows. We, therefore, identified a safe intensity regime to avoid detrimental thermal effects. Our platform is ideal for trapping and nanopositioning fluorescent nanoparticles and quantum emitters with a diameter of a few nanometers in an array configuration with controlled interactions with their environment, potentially acting as single-photon sources, a crucial part in the field of quantum technologies.
Movement in museums: Using movement as embodied learning
Authors: Wanttie Megan
Published: October 2024

This article considers the ways that movement can be used as an affective experience for art museum visitors. In so doing, the correlation between art experience and cultural history is explored through the relationship between movement and language. This exploration can be utilized to cultivate important conversations regarding the role of the unwelcome body in the institutionalized museum space that has been difficult to recognize and articulate utilizing traditional Western histories, contexts, and methods of understanding and discussion. Here, the experience of moving with an art object, rather than around or in front of, increases the connection, or relation, between the user and the object despite unfamiliarity with museum spaces or art objects. Rather than asking the participant to interpret the art object verbally in a way that is understandable to others, this article argues that using movement allows the participants to interpret what they are thinking and feeling in a way that is specific to their minds, bodies and cultural contexts. Experimental movement might interrupt the inhibiting quality of many museum experiences by making space for visitors’ thoughts, feelings and experiences above all else.
Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Dagli Shrushti , Kiran D.P. Dr. Shital
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used in pediatric dentistry to improve diagnosis and treatment planning, assist with image analysis, and aid in communication with patients and parents. AI can help dentists identify cavities and other oral health issues more accurately and quickly and can also assist with orthodontic treatment planning. Additionally, AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants can be used to help educate patients and parents about oral health care and to schedule and confirm appointments. However, as with any technology, it's important to ensure that AI is used in a way that complies with regulations and guidelines and that it is supported by robust data and validated by clinical research.
The Propagator and Path Integral Quantization for the New Dirac Equation
Authors: Zaballa Robert
Published: October 2024

The Feynman propagator is obtained and path integral quantization is developed for the new Dirac equation. Path integral quantization is formulated in flat spacetime first, and we briefly discuss how it may be extended to curved spacetime for the classical gravitational field.
When Literary ‘Arabiya Adopted for A Religious Mission: The Quran and the Expansion of the Arabic Poetic Koine
Authors: Ikhwan Munirul
Published: October 2024

Much has been discussed regarding the nature of the language of the Quran, whose vocabulary, according to Muslim belief, is meaningfully chosen and perfectly structured, a contention that underlies the doctrine of its inimitability (iʻjāz). For the majority of Muslims, the debates over the nature of the Quran’s language have been relatively conclusive; it is the most fluent Arabic, derived mainly from the Quraysh dialect. Meanwhile, modern scholars working under the umbrella of critical philology and history refuse to take the above theory for granted. They link the language of the Quran with the idea of the literary ʻArabiyya, a poetic koine that was constructed much more within the culture of the pre-Islamic Arabs living in the area of Najd. This article exhibits theoretical discussions that may shed light on a new perspective of the theme. This study argues that the literary ʻArabiyya is adopted by the Quran as a mode of discourse to introduce a monotheistic message to its first audience. By doing so, the Quran works within the literary tradition of Arabic rhetoric, which was highly valued within the pre-Islamic Arab culture. As the Quran aimed at promoting monotheism by convincing as many followers as possible, it creatively expanded the boundaries of the literary ʻArabiyya by introducing sabʻah aḥruf (variant styles of reading), through which it was able to address more and more audience.[Banyak yang telah menulis tentang hakikat bahasa al-Quran, yang menurut kepercayaan Muslim, kosakatanya dipilih secara bermakna dan terstruktur dengan sempurna sehingga menjadikannya mukjizat yang mendasari doktrin tentang kemustahilan untuk menandingi. Bagi mayoritas Muslim, perdebatan mengenai hakikat bahasa al-Quran relatif sudah selesai, yakni sebagai bahasa Arab yang paling fasih, yang sebagian besar berdasarkan dialek Quraisy. Sementara itu, para sarjana modern dengan disiplin sejarah dan filologi kritis menolak untuk menerima teori di atas begitu saja. Mereka mengaitkan bahasa al-Quran dengan koine puitis, sebagai bagian dari Arab sastrawi, yang lebih banyak terbentuk dalam budaya Arab pra-Islam di wilayah Najd. Artikel ini menyuguhkan diskusi teoretis untuk menjelaskan perspektif baru dalam pembahasan tema tersebut. Penulis berpendapat bahwa unsur Arab sastrawi diadopsi oleh al-Quran sebagai sebuah cara berwacana dalam memperkenalkan pesan monoteistik kepada audiens pertamanya. Dengan demikian, al-Quran bekerja dalam tradisi retorika sastra, yang sangat dihargai dalam budaya Arab pra-Islam. Karena bertujuan untuk mempromosikan monoteisme dan menarik sebanyak mungkin pengikut, al-Quran secara kreatif memperluas cakupan Arab sastrawi dengan memperkenalkan konsep sab‘ah aḥruf (variasi gaya bacaan), yang dapat dipakai untuk menjangkau lebih banyak pembaca.]
Integrating formal and informal subsystems: A case study of Promise City’s early care and education model
Authors: Gao Xingyuan , Shen Jianping , Alford Alton Leon , Johnson Megan Russell , Krenn Huilan Y.
Published: October 2024

This case study explores effective practices within a district’s early care and education model. Interviews were conducted with eight parents of high-performing students and seven district ECE partners from Promise City. The results of this case study lead to the development of a model that comprises best practices within the (a) informal ECE subsystem, (b) formal ECE subsystem, and (c) intersection of the informal and formal subsystems. The model incorporates the best practices identified by Ma et al’s. (2016) meta-analysis, as well as unique best practices found within Promise City. The findings highlight the importance of both informal and formal learning environments and actively working to bridge these environments.