bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Réflexion sur le rôle du soutien des équipes soignantes et de l’endurance psychologique : le cas des soignants algériens des services Covid
Authors: Remmas Nassima , Hafdallah Rafika
Published: February 2025

La crise sanitaire du Covid 19 a marqué les professionnels de santé qui ont été les premiers exposés au risque de contamination. Cette pandémie a confronté les soignants à une charge et volume horaire de travail exceptionnels, des mesures de protection drastiques et le confinement et l’éloignement de leurs familles. Ces mesures n´ont pas, pour autant, protégé certains professionnels des contaminations avec hospitalisations et décès, ce qui a été source de grande souffrance pour le reste des soignants en activité.Dans la première partie de cette étude et à partir d’une vignette clinique, nous proposons une réflexion sur le rôle du soutien des équipes soignantes et l’endurance psychologique pour faire face à la souffrance psychique pendant la pandémie de la Covid-19.Dans la seconde partie, nous abordons les résultats préliminaires d’une recherche en cours au niveau de quelques hôpitaux de l’ouest et du centre du pays, sur le vécu psychologique des professionnels ayant participé à la prise en charge dans les services Covid.
L’Université pendant le Covid et l’alternative au présentiel : quelle continuité pédagogique ?
Authors: Senouci Zoubida
Published: February 2025

Comme dans de nombreux pays, l’enseignement à distance, en Algérie a été présenté comme alternative au présentiel suite au confinement imposé par la pandémie Covid 19 et à la fermeture des universités en mars 2020. En nous appuyant sur les données issues d’entretiens menés avec des enseignants et des étudiants d’une école d’ingénieurs, nous nous intéressons à la question de la continuité pédagogique. Quelles ont été leurs pratiques d’enseignement/apprentissage pendant le confinement ? L’enseignement à distance a-t-il représenté une alternative au présentiel pour assurer la continuité pédagogique ? Comment a-t-elle été assurée ? Quelles en ont été les difficultés ? Y a-t-il eu émergence de changement dans la forme scolaire traditionnelle ?
Scolarisés face à la déscolarisation imposée : un quotidien inédit
Authors: Benghabrit Remaoun Nouria
Published: February 2025

La Covid-19, au travers des mesures sanitaires draconiennes prises, a créé un sentiment fort d’instabilité dans la communauté éducative, pour la famille, avec pour conséquence, une relative perte de repère pour les élèves.L’enquête nationale menée en mars 2021 au Crasc, a permis, en temps réel, de suivre les angoisses et les espoirs d’une société frappée d’une crise inégale. Les mesures radicales de fermeture des écoles, puis d’une réorganisation spatio-temporelle, vont accentuer les difficultés, non seulement pour ceux déjà en situation « d’échec », mais aussi d’identifier les populations à risque de déscolarisation précoce.
Microstructural Degradation of Super304H after Long-Term Service Exposure
Authors: Xu Li Ming , He Yin Sheng , Shin Keesam
Published: February 2025

Super304H is austenitic steel used predominantly for boiler and turbine components in thermal power plants due to the high strength, excellent creep and oxidation resistance in high-temperature steam environments. Microstructural degradation is inevitable upon long-term high-temperature exposure. Therefore, understanding the processes of degradation is critical for the determination of residual lifetime of the parts. In this study, the hardness, tensile strength and creep strength of a Super304H steel that was in service as a reheater for ~8 years at about 600°C was investigated with corresponding microstructural analysis. Grain growth is evident, but microhardness and tensile strength did not decrease, due to the precipitation of nanosized NbX and Cu-rich particles in grain interior. However, the creep rupture life of the aged S304H steel is ~90% lower at 650°C than that of the virgin S304H, due to the coarsening of σ phase and formation of M23C6 on the grain boundary. Our measurements and analysis of the specimens in this study indicates the remaining service life longer than those in the NIMS database.
Validation of Velocity in Microchannels with a Retention System due to Unevenness Manufactured by 3D Printing (SLA)
Authors: Ramos-Ocaña Samia Antonela , Cabrera-Moreta Víctor H.
Published: February 2025

Microfluidics is an efficient technology for controlling fluid movement in microchannels at extremely low speeds. The main advantage lies in the significant reduction of samples and reagents, thereby reducing costs and analysis times. Three devices with retention systems are introduced that are manufactured through 3D printing (SLA) incorporating microchannels with variations in levels and dimensions. Fluid velocity is studied, considering factors such as channel width, length, rounding, height, and shape. The analysis of velocity along the channel reveals liquid retention at the devices' maximum point, ensuring more precise results in microdevices.
Modelling the Non-Isothermal Flow of a Nanofluid in a Lid-Driven Cavity from the Perspective of Irreversibility Analysis
Authors: di Schio Eugenia Rossi , Iqbal Kaleem , Valdiserri Paolo , Bouanini Mohamed , Biserni Cesare
Published: February 2025

This article examines laminar mixed convection of a nanofluid within a square cavity that contains a vertical rectangular obstacle serving as a vortex promoter. Employing Buongiorno's theory, the dimensionless governing equations are numerically solved using the finite element method to analyze the distributions of velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and entropy generation. Attention is paid to the entropy generation. Results are presented and discussed, showing that increasing the Reynolds number generates a large vortex near the obstacle, which diminishes reverse flow, enhances heat conduction, and increases entropy generation. Moreover, thermophoresis drives tiny nanoparticles from hot to cold regions, affecting heat transfer. Indeed, nanoparticle concentration decreases with higher thermophoresis (NT) and Brownian motion (NB) constraints, as these parameters are inversely related to the concentration profile.
Synthesis of Composite Materials Based Eggshell Reinforced with Silver Nanoparticles for Possible Biomedical Applications
Authors: Linares Duarte Alejandra , Sánchez Enrique Hernández , Hernández José Guadalupe Miranda , Fuentes Yesenia Sánchez , Ruíz Domínguez Jonathan Jorge
Published: February 2025

This research synthesized a composite ceramic material base CaCO3/Al2O3, CERMET, with possible biomedical applications. Eggshell was used as raw material to obtain CaCO3, and it was reinforced with silver nanoparticles to improve the structural and mechanical properties of the ceramic system. The addition of silver nanoparticles promotes the formation of two phases. The first is a continuous phase called a matrix formed of CaAl2O4 (calcium aluminate). The second is a dispersed phase known as reinforcement made up of silver nanoparticles. The composite ceramics were synthesized using the solid-state synthesis technique from a chemical mixture of CaCO3 and Al2O3 powders in the following chemical ratio: 49.5% CaCO3 + 50.5% Al2O3, with silver nanoparticles added at different percentages (1%, 5%, 10%, 15%). The powder mixture was made in a high-energy mill for homogenization. After that, the mixture was compressed into cylindrical samples for their consolidation by sintering in a high-temperature muffle with a controlled atmosphere, using heating ramps. The sintered samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and microhardness, including fracture toughness studies. In addition, the Archimedes method determined the sintered samples' density. The results showed a clear relation between the mechanical properties of the CaAl2O4 ceramic base and the incorporated silver nanoparticles since these increased as the percentage of silver nanoparticles increased. In addition, it was observed that the porosity of the samples could be controlled, making the composite material suitable for biomedical applications.
Numerical Evaluation of the Temperature Field inside Specialty Coffee Beans during Microwave Drying
Authors: Corrêa Jefferson Luiz Gomes , Monteiro Lucas Queiros , Silveira Paula Giarolla , Petri Jr. Irineu
Published: February 2025

The drying process that is responsible for ensuring the coffee quality, reduces the moisture of the coffee bean thus avoiding unwanted microorganisms. Traditional drying methods take between 16 and 45 hours to dry coffee beans, which results in high operational costs. Therefore, the application of the microwave drying technique is a possible alternative, as it can reduce drying periods by four times. In this study, the main goal was to evaluate the heating kinetics and distribution of a single coffee bean due to microwaves to verify its heterogeneity. Initially, a single coffee bean was designed and inserted into a monomode microwave cavity. The geometry of the coffee bean was simplified as a semi-ellipsoid with its diameters measured experimentally and with four different curvatures at the edges. As a result of the numerical simulations, the temperature distribution on the coffee bean over time was obtained as well as the average temperature and temperature at its center. The heating kinetics plot described a linear curve for every geometry, having a higher inclination in the sharp edge and decreasing as the curvature increases. Also, when comparing the average and center temperatures, the temperature in the center is 107.58 °C and the average temperature of the coffee bean is 96.09 °C, which corroborates the fact that the microwave heating occurs from inside out. In conclusion, the microwave heating in coffee beans is heterogeneous, starting in its center, favoring the mass transfer phenomenon during drying and can be influenced by the sharpness of the coffee beans edges.
Exploration of Microfluidic Technology for Additive Manufacturing: Devices for Precise Material Dispensing
Authors: Alvarado-Alcántara Erik Omar , Beltrán-Fernández Juan Alfonso , Velázquez-Sánchez Alejandro Tonatiu , Vázquez-Thierry Karen Pamela , Guzmán-Mercado Veronica , Alvarado-Moreno Carolina
Published: February 2025

The application of microfluidic technology within the field of additive manufacturing is investigated, with a specific focus on devices designed for precise material dosing. An in-depth examination is conducted to explore how microfluidic technology can be integrated into Cartesian 3D printing systems, enabling precise and controlled material dispensing throughout the manufacturing process. A novel methodology was developed to assess these devices, evaluating their feasibility and effectiveness in improving the quality and efficiency of manufactured products. Experimental analysis was performed to examine various microfluidic device configurations and their impacts on material dosing precision, along with their potential for reducing waste. Promising advancements in additive manufacturing were demonstrated by the findings, which offer new insights and opportunities in fields such as medicine, electronics, and engineering. The foundation for enhancing material dosing control in additive manufacturing was laid by this study. Keywords: Microfluidic technology, additive manufacturing, precise material dosing, Synthetic material.
Nevus of Ota with excellent response to Q-switched Nd:YAG (1064 nm) pigmented laser: a case report
Authors: Alogayell Lulwa , Alrashid Sarah , Alruhaimi Sahar , Najjar Raneem
Published: February 2025

Nevus of Ota is a benign pigmentation disorder that commonly affects areas of the skin and eye supplied by the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve. It typically presents as blue-black or gray macules, mainly in individuals with darker skin tones, and can cause significant cosmetic concerns. Treatment options include cryotherapy, dermabrasion, and laser therapy, with the Q-switched (QS) Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser emerging as a promising option. This report describes the case of a 25-year-old woman diagnosed with unilateral nevus of Ota. After clinical examination, the patient was treated with the QS Nd:YAG laser, undergoing 12 treatment sessions over three years. A significant reduction in pigmentation was observed with no adverse effects. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of the QS Nd:YAG laser in managing nevus of Ota and highlights the importance of appropriate laser settings, patient selection, and post-treatment care. Laser therapy, particularly with the QS Nd:YAG laser, may offer a reliable and durable solution for reducing pigmentation and improving the cosmetic appearance of patients with this condition.
[Preliminary results of a survey among the members of the Associazione Italiana Radioprotezione Medica (AIRM): from the characterisation of professional activity to the identification of training needs]
Authors: Persechino Benedetta , Rondinone Bruna Maria , Fortuna Grazia , Moccaldi Roberto F.E.
Published: February 2025

For several decades, the Italian Association of Medical Radioprotection (AIRM) is engaged in the promotion of scientific, technical, and methodological knowledge in the field of medical radioprotection. Starting from the results of the previous study conducted in 2013, AIRM has carried out a new survey among its members. This survey was carried out through a self-administered questionnaire to be completed online on a platform set up on the association's website.The preliminary data collected by the survey provide both the personal/professional description of the AIRM members and an in-depth analysis regarding the need for training updates in the field of radioprotection. The results obtained will be used by the AIRM to support its commitment, now over a decade, in the offer of current and effective radioprotection update programs.
Adipose-derived stem cells exosomal circHIPK3 protects ovarian function by regulating MAPK signaling
Authors: Zhao Wei , Erhan Da , Liu Shujun , Zhang Liyan , Hai Caizhu , Zhang Yanan , Li Haiyan , Wang Hongwu , Wang Caisheng
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Exosomes derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential in various diseases. These vesicles are capable of transporting bioactive molecules such as noncoding RNAs and proteins. Among these noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are characterized as end-to-end circular structures, which are notably enriched within exosomes.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to investigate the impact of the circHIPK3 delivered via ADSC-derived exosomes on ovarian aging.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

ADSCs were isolated, and exosomes were obtained from a cell culture medium. The exosomes were labeled with PKH26, and uptake by primary granulosa cells (pGCs) was detected. ADSCs were transfected with circHIPK3 siRNAs, and the exosomes were isolated for the treatment of aging female mice. Ovary weight was recorded, and HE staining, Masson’s trichrome, and TUNEL staining were performed to detect tissue morphology and apoptosis in ovary tissues. In addition, the senescence and apoptosis of pGCs were evaluated using the S-β-gal staining kit and Annexin V/PI detection kit. Further experiments included immunoprecipitation and RNA pulldown, determined the ubiquitination of p38 protein under circHIPK3 alteration.

RESULTS:

Results showed that ADSC-derived exosomes effectively delivered circHIPK3 to pGCs. Treatment with these exosomes significantly increased ovary weight and enhanced follicular development in aged mice. Conversely, the depletion of circHIPK3 reversed these effects, promoting cell apoptosis. ADSC-derived exosomes also mitigated senescence and apoptosis in pGCs, while circHIPK3 depletion hindered these benefits.

CONCLUSION:

Exosomal circHIPK3 modulated the ubiquitination of p38 in pGCs to improve ovarian function in aging mice and to promote pGC cell viability.
Aspirin for prophylaxis of VTE in patients with Hip/ Knee replacement: Systematic review and Meta-analysis of Non-Randomized studies
Authors: Maddukuri Raghava Kalyan , Chava Hema , Kondaveeti Sri Tejaswi , Mutthineni Mounika Venkata , Vegesana Bindu Priyanka
Published: February 2025

Aspirin as an agent for thromboprophylaxis in patients with total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) is gaining a lot of importance owing to its efficacy and safety in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) complications. The current guidelines do not recommend aspirin over other anticoagulants as the data from the meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails (RCTs) lacked a significant sample to draw conclusive results. The present study was aimed to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of nonrandomized studies (NRSs) to determine the effect of aspirin as prophylaxis for VTE. A complete electronic search was conducted at PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar for relevant articles published till March 2021. Any postsurgical VTE event (deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism) is considered the primary outcome and adverse events as secondary outcomes. Both efficacy and safety outcomes were reported as pooled risk estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) with a level of significance at P < 0.05. A total of 21 studies were identified for the analysis. The overall risk of occurrence of VTE among the patients taking aspirin was not significantly different from anticoagulants (risk ratio [RR]: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.52–1.15). Patients who underwent THR had a higher risk for VTE with aspirin (RR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.35–1.61), whereas the patients who underwent TKR showed a lower risk of VTE with aspirin (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.75–0.85). Meta-analysis of NRS advocates the role of aspirin as a prophylactic agent for VTE, especially for patients who are in need for TKR. Further RCTs are required to reestablish the role of aspirin, especially in patients undergoing THR.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual Marriage Equality and Mental Health: Implications of India’s Supreme Court Ruling
Authors: Miller A M , Salim Sreya M , Joseph Jithin T
Published: February 2025

The recent denial of legal recognition for same-sex marriages (SSMs) by the Supreme Court of India has sparked discussions on civil liberties and mental health. In contrast to the legal status in 33 countries, the situation in India prompts reflections on the potential benefits of marriage equality. Global surveys indicate growing support for SSM legalization, highlighting its potential impact on social inclusion, relationship stability, financial resources, and mental health. While no evidence suggests worse mental health outcomes for children of same-sex parents, they may encounter challenges linked to societal stigma. In addition, marriage equality for the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual (LGBTQIA+) community could lead to improved economic outcomes and foster a more inclusive society. This article advocates for a holistic approach to address the mental health and overall well-being of the diverse LGBTQIA+ community in India.
Mental Health Literacy among Rural Tribal Caregivers of Severe Mental Disorders: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kanta Renuka , Kannekanti Prasad , Pratap Alok , Alagarsami A. R.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Caregivers play a crucial role in Indian families; their mental health literacy (MHL) needs to be considered for better mental health outcomes in persons with mental illness. Most persons with mental illness live with their families; family and caregivers play a significant role in persons with mental illness among Indian families.

Materials and Methods:

The present study aims to assess superstitious beliefs, stigma toward mental health treatment, caregiver burden, and MHL among rural tribal and nontribal caregivers of persons with severe mental disorders (SMDs) in a tertiary psychiatric hospital in India. The study followed a comparative cross-sectional research design. Purposive sampling was used to collect 60 tribal and nontribal caregivers of persons with SMDs at a tertiary psychiatric center outpatient department.

Results:

Significant differences were found between tribal and nontribal caregivers on MHL, caregiver burden, mental health treatment stigma, superstitious beliefs, and negative beliefs toward mental illness. A significant negative correlation was also found between the duration of treatment and poor social and interpersonal skills. Poor knowledge of mental illness, stigma, poverty, negative attitude toward mental illness, lack of formal education, and living in a rural community are the reasons for delayed treatment, which are closely associated with poor MHL.

Conclusions:

MHL is poor among tribal and nontribal caregivers; conducting promotional mental health activities in the rural community and training the various stakeholders will help educate the caregivers and fight against unethical practices toward persons with mental illness.
A Decade of Telehealth Implementation for Promotive and Preventive Care in Indonesia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nugraheni Wahyu Pudji , Rachmawati Tety , Susianti Novia , Yulianti Anni , Kusnali Asep , Nuraini Syarifah , Faisal Debri Rizki , Purwatiningsih Yuni , Idris Haerawati , Arifin Hidayat
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Telehealth has improved promotive and preventive health care through enhanced access to health-care services. Existing literature on telehealth in Indonesia has primarily concentrated on telemedicine in the curative area. However, there is a lack of research exploring telehealth in Indonesia that focuses on promotive and preventive. Therefore, this review examines the existing literature concerning the types and implementation of telehealth in promotive and preventive care within Indonesia over the past decade.

Methods:

A scoping review based on Arksey and O’Malley’s framework was used in this study. A literature search was performed in March 2023 across seven databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Health Internetwork Access to Research Initiative, and Garba Digital Reference. The data were extracted, categorized, and synthesized using narrative descriptions, tables, and graphics.

Results:

A total of 532 articles were identified, and 29 articles were included. Telehealth programs concern maternal and child health, communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and nutrition. Modality using telehealth for health services is done in the form of video, remote monitoring, storing and forwarding, and others. Important aspects highlighted in the implementation of telehealth include patient acceptance, health worker acceptance, policy, technology, organization, and financing.

Conclusion:

Telehealth for promotive and preventive health care has evolved in Indonesia over the past decade. Successful implementation hinges on positive reception, supportive policies, reliable technology, efficient organizational structures, and adequate financing. A holistic approach considering these factors is crucial for maximum impact, with government support in policy formulation, technology provision, and funding essential for successful telehealth in promotive and preventive health-care services.
Ocular microvascular alterations in epileptic patients
Authors: Kurtul Bengi E. , Demiray Derya Y. , Yilmaz Cagla K.
Published: February 2025

PURPOSE:

The brain and eye are linked by the same nerves and arteries, presenting a hemodynamic continuity. Alterations in ocular perfusion may have an impact on the visual function or the neurodegenerative process. We aimed to assess whether there is a relationship between epilepsy and ocular microvasculature in the adult population by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

METHODS:

This observational, cross-sectional study included 22 epilepsy patients (epilepsy group), and 21 healthy controls (control group). OCTA analysis of the vessel density (VD) of the retinal superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus, foveal retinal thickness (FRT), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) areas, and the radial peripapillary capillary, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Age, gender, central corneal thicknesses, and mean intraocular pressure levels were similar between the groups (P>0.05 for all). Superficial and deep retinal capillary VD, FRT, and FAZ areas were not significantly different between the groups. However, significantly lower superior quadrant RNFL thicknesses and lower optic disc whole and peripapillary capillary VD were detected in the epilepsy group when compared to the control group (P = 0.026, P < 0.001, and P = 0.006, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

Besides the neurological basis of epilepsy, vascular dysfunction seems to be another risk factor in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. OCTA may be suggested as a potentially useful biomarker for ocular microvascular alterations in epileptic patients.
Roles of olive oil and physical exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease after ultrasound-based evaluation
Authors: Zhu Wei
Published: February 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without special drugs shows symptoms of liver fat accumulation and steatosis in patients without alcohol intake. Ultrasound evaluation is a critical method in the early diagnosis of NAFLD stages as well as image processing and should be encouraged. Olive oil is an important component of the Mediterranean diet and has a beneficial role in the prevention of NAFLD progression. Physical activity and exercise can have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to reduce liver fat and body weight via regulation of mitochondrial capacity in the development of NAFLD. Both the Mediterranean diet and physical exercise should be combined to achieve the ideal fat content reduction and weight loss in patients with NAFLD.
Comparison of clinical outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for refractory ascites and recurrent nonrefractory ascites
Authors: Luo Shi-Hua , Zhang Hui-Fang , Liu Wei , Chu Jian-Guo , Chen Jian-Yong
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has an important role in the therapy of complications of portal-hypertension-related ascites. Various guidelines now indicate that TIPS is indicated for refractory ascites (RA), but TIPS for recurrent nonrefractory ascites (RNRA) achieved better clinical results.

AIM

To compare the clinical outcomes of TIPS for RA and RNRA in patients with complications related to portal hypertension.

METHODS

There were 863 patients divided into two main categories who underwent TIPS between September 2016 and September 2021. In category 1, patients had ascites without cirrhotic gastrointestinal bleeding. The patients were divided into group A (RNRA, n = 183) and group B (RA, n = 217). In category 2, patients had ascites and cirrhotic gastrointestinal bleeding. The patients were divided into group C (RNRA, n = 328) and group D (RA, n = 135). The clinical outcomes were probability of total hepatic impairment, incidence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and mortality.

RESULTS

The symptoms of ascites disappeared or were relieved within 1 week in group A compared with group B (P = 0.032), and in group C compared with group D (P = 0.027). By the end of follow-up, there were significant differences in the rate of RA in group A compared with group B (P = 0.016), and in group C compared with group D (P = 0.012). The probability of total hepatic impairment was significantly different in group A compared with group B (P = 0.024), and in group C compared with group D (P = 0.019). The total incidence of HE was significantly different in group A compared with group B (P = 0.008), and in group C compared with group D (P = 0.004). The 6-month, and 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were significantly different between groups A and B (all P < 0.05), and between groups C and D (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

TIPS has a good therapeutic effect on ascites related to cirrhotic portal hypertension, and early TIPS for RNRA can prolong survival, and prevent progression to RA.
Predictors and prognosticators of outcomes in alcoholic hepatitis: A retrospective single center study
Authors: Yang Kevin , Nallapeta Naren , Hossein-Javaheri Nariman , Carlson Alexander , Quigley Brian , Mahl Thomas
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Various prognostic scores have been developed to predict mortality and response to steroids in alcoholic hepatitis (AH). We aimed to further validate and compare these scores, particularly pre-day 7 Lille scores, in addition to identifying reliable predictors of complications and mortality such as renal dysfunction and nutritional status.

AIM

To identify predictors of complications and mortality in AH, particularly focusing on demographics, renal involvement, underlying liver disease, and nutrition.

METHODS

This is a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to a large urban tertiary care center with AH from 2020 to 2022. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to compare established prognostic scores with Lille scores from day 3 to day 7 (LM3-7). Logistic regression equations were conducted to identify predictor variables.

RESULTS

Severe AH (SAH) as defined by Maddrey’s discriminant function ≥ 32 was diagnosed in 150 out of 425 patients with AH. LM3-7 had 28-day mortality rates in the responder group of 7%-11%, while in the non-responder group, mortality rates were approximately 38%-42%. LM3-7 had 90-day mortality rates in the responder group of 12% to 17%, while in the non-responder group, mortality rates were 48%-53%. Furthermore, all LM3-7 scores showed comparable efficacy in predicting mortality using ROC curve analysis; Area under ROC ranged from 0.771 to 0.802 for 28-day mortality and 0.743 to 0.809 for 90-day mortality. Regarding complications and mortality in AH, significant predictors included poor nutritional status, underlying cirrhosis, and acute renal dysfunction.

CONCLUSION

LM3-6 is as accurate as LM7 in predicting corticosteroid efficacy for 28-day and 90-day mortality in patients with SAH. Holding glucocorticoids early during the disease course can prevent unnecessary complications.
Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Li-Hui , Liu Su-Tong , Zhao Qing , Liu Xiao-Yan , Liu Tong , Zhang Qiang , Liu Ming-Hao , Zhao Wen-Xia
Published: February 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive disease. Without effective interventions, NAFLD can gradually develop to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fatty liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. It is still to investigate the precise molecular mechanism behind the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) can sense tissue injury and mediate immune remodeling, thereby inducing phagocytosis, lipid metabolism, and metabolic transfer, promoting cell survival and combating inflammatory activation. NAFLD might develop as a result of TREM2's regulatory role. We here briefly summarize the biological characteristics of TREM2 and its functions in the disease progression of NAFLD. Moreover, we propose to broaden the therapeutic strategy for NAFLD by targeting TREM2.
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: From an analysis of a population-based study
Authors: Zhao Cheng-Fei
Published: February 2025

The growing global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) demands a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms and risk factors. Recent studies, such as the large population-based case-control analysis by Abdel-Razeq et al , suggest a significant association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and an increased risk of developing MASH. This study provides compelling data supporting this association, even after adjusting for confounders such as obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. However, the complexity of this relationship remains unresolved, requiring further investigation into the biological, genetic, and environmental pathways that connect these two conditions. This article critically reviews the study’s findings and identifies its limitations, offering innovative research directions for the future. Key areas of focus include integrating genomic and microbiome analyses, exploring the impact of H. pylori eradication on MASH progression, studying molecular mechanisms at the intersection of infection and liver disease, and developing personalized therapeutic strategies.
Hepatic abscess and hydatid liver cyst: European infectious disease point of view
Authors: Giorgio Antonio , Ciracì Emanuela , De Luca Massimo , Stella Giuseppe , Giorgio Valentina
Published: February 2025

This manuscript is based on a recent study by Pillay et al that was published in recently. Liver abscesses can be caused by rare potentially life-threatening infections of either bacterial or parasitic origin. The incidence rate in Europe is lower than in developing countries, but it is a major complication with high morbidity, particularly in immunocompromised patients. They are most frequently caused by Enterobacterales infections, but hypervirulent Klebsiella strains are an emerging problem in Western countries. Amoebiasis has been a public health problem in Europe, primarily imported from other endemic foci. At the same time, this infection is becoming an emerging disease, as the number of infected patients who have not traveled to endemic areas is rising. Treatment options for hydatid liver cyst include chemotherapy, open or laparoscopic surgery, percutaneous treatment (percutaneous aspiration, re-aspiration and injection and its modification) and ‘‘wait and watch’’ strategy. Most hydatid liver cyst patients in Pillay et al ’s study received surgical treatment, but several studies have confirmed the safety and efficacy of percutaneous aspiration, re-aspiration and injection.
Uncovering immune cell heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma by combining single-cell RNA sequencing with T-cell receptor sequencing
Authors: Gu Xin-Yu , Gu Shuang-Lin , Chen Zi-Yi , Tong Jin-Long , Li Xiao-Yue , Dong Hui , Zhang Cai-Yun , Qian Wen-Xian , Ma Xiu-Chang , Yi Chang-Hua , Yi Yong-Xiang
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Understanding the status and function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells is essential for improving immunotherapeutic effects and predicting the clinical response in human patients with carcinoma. However, little is known about tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the corresponding research results in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited.

AIM

To investigate potential biomarker genes that are important for the development of HCC and to understand how immune cell subsets react throughout this process.

METHODS

Using single-cell RNA sequencing and T-cell receptor sequencing, the heterogeneity and potential functions of immune cell subpopulations from HCC tissue and normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma, as well as their possible interactions, were analyzed.

RESULTS

Eight T-cell clusters from patients were analyzed and identified using bioinformatics, including six typical major T-cell clusters and two newly identified T-cell clusters, among which Fc epsilon receptor 1G+ T cells were characterized by the upregulation of Fc epsilon receptor 1G, tyrosine kinase binding protein, and T cell receptor delta constant, whereas metallothionein 1E+ T cells proliferated significantly in tumors. Differentially expressed genes, such as regulator of cell cycle, cysteine and serine rich nuclear protein 1, SMAD7 and metallothionein 1E, were identified as significantly upregulated in tumors and have potential as biomarkers. In association with T-cell receptor analysis, we inferred the clonal expansion characteristics of each T-cell cluster in HCC patients.

CONCLUSION

We identified lymphocyte subpopulations and potential biomarker genes critical for HCC development and revealed the clonal amplification of infiltrating T cells. These data provide valuable resources for understanding the response of immune cell subsets in HCC.
Mitigating Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Diesel Engines through the
Application of Physical Adsorbents
Authors: Subramanian MohanKumar , Muthiya Solomon Jenoris , Pachamuthu Senthilkumar , Naveena B. E. , Divya G. S. , Praveen Kumar M. V.
Published: February 2025

Graphical Abstract

Abstract
The world is targeting zero-emission standards by promoting flexi-fuel-based
vehicles. In the automotive industry, IC engine-powered vehicle has a good
market. Either IC or flexi-fuel engines are considered the safest mode of
transport, one tedious problem needs to be addressed is their toxic exhaust
emissions from those engines. However, there are many aftertreatment systems
available to control HC, CO2, NOx, and PM emissions. To control
CO2 emissions there is no aftertreatment system available.
Physical adsorbents such as activated carbon and zeolite are going to be used in
this work to reduce emissions from exhaust gases. Zeolite has a greater affinity
toward NOx emission, and activated carbon has greater potential to capture HC
and carbon dioxide emissions. Initially computational studies were carried out
to evaluate back pressure developed in adsorbent chamber. Analysis was carried
out by varying conical length of the adsorbent chamber (68 mm, 75 mm, and 85 mm)
at various exhaust temperatures (220°C, 300°C, and 350°C). Computational results
conveyed that the adsorbent chamber with 85 mm shows acceptable pressure drop.
Experiments were conducted with varying quantities of zeolite and activated
carbon in a twin-cylinder naturally aspirated diesel engine. Initially,
adsorbent quantities were varied at 550 g and 1100 g and tested at various load
conditions (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Then the experiments were conducted by
filling the combinations of the adsorbents and the results were plotted. It is
observed that a maximum of around 70% reduction in HC emission is achieved while
filling 1100 g of activated carbon. On the other hand, while filling zeolite at
1100 g maximum reduction of 85% NOx is observed while operating the engine at
higher load conditions. Finally, by filling combinations of adsorbents the
CO2 emissions show higher reduction efficiency of around 85% at
higher load conditions
Insights into Retrofitting Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles to
Battery Electric Vehicles for Eco-friendly Vehicle Technology
Authors: Suryavanshi Shweta S. , Ghanegaonkar Pravin M. , Kawade Ramesh K.
Published: February 2025

The global environmental pollution issue and global warming caused by internal
combustion engines (ICE) have prompted automotive manufacturers to pioneer the
development of emission-free or pure electric vehicles. The Indian government
declared that all ICE cars will be replaced by electric vehicles by 2030. Thus,
after 2030, ICE vehicle scrapping will be prevented by retrofitting.
Transforming traditional cars into electric vehicles in Indian markets reduces
emissions and enhances sustainability. This work aims to transform the Maruti
Suzuki Zen petrol car into a fully electric vehicle while keeping its pristine
transmission system with an onboard charging system. During the fieldwork, all
unnecessary components of the ICE are removed to transform it into an electric
vehicle. The E Zen’s maximum speed, gradeability, and driving range on both
level and sloping roads were also examined. The performance was assessed using a
72 V, 144 Ah lithium-ion battery pack and an AC induction motor with a peak
output of 15 kW. The vehicle’s dynamic performance was evaluated, and the
findings indicate that the vehicle’s maximum speed, grading capacity, and
driving range are 60 kmph, 12.5%, and 100 km, respectively. The weight of the E
Zen gains a mere 6%, which is deemed acceptable according to the ARAI standard
for retrofitted vehicles in India. The modified vehicle has a 73.41% lower
operational cost than the gasoline-powered car. This technique stops global
warming and shields the environment from damaging vehicle emissions.

The results were promising, and the proposed system functioned adequately for its
intended purpose. This work offers exceptionally viable outcomes by achieving
efficiency in both economic and environmental aspects.
Anti-TB Medicines Supply Chain Management Practices in Public Health Facilities of Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gezahegn Sifrash , Mekonen Zelalem Tilahun , Ali Eskinder Eshetu
Published: February 2025

The fight against tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, depends on a wellfunctioning supply chain system of anti-TB medicines. There is a paucity of information on the anti-TB medicine supply chain management situation in the Gurage Zone,  Southern Ethiopia. Hence, this study explored supply chain practices in public health facilities of the Zone. A concurrent mixed methods  design was followed to collect quantitative and qualitative data from August to September 2020. A total of 20 health facilities were  involved in the study following the logistics indicator assessment tool recommendations to include at least 15% of the facilities in the  geographic region. A structured questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect quantitative data. In-depth interviews  were done with experts from selected health facilities, Gurage Zone health department, Regional Health Bureau, the Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Services and the Federal Ministry of Health for the qualitative part of the study. Inductive thematic analysis was  employed for qualitative, while descriptive statistics were utilized for the quantitative data. Eighteen out of the 20 facilities in the study  (90%) relied solely on stock recording cards, one (5%) used computerized system and the other one did not have any system for  controlling their anti-TB medicine inventory. The average inventory accuracy for a set of anti-TB medicines was 76.6% with a range from  0% to 100%. For a set of anti-TB medicines, the average availability in the review period was 82.6% and the average stock out duration  was 11.23 ± 1.38 days in a year (Min. = 0, Max. = 115). The average wastage rate for a set of first-line anti-TB medicines was 4.8%. The  thematic analysis identified the themes: forecasting and procurement, storage and inventory management and supervision and updates  on guidelines. Data accuracy issues and long lead time were forecasting and procurement related challenges for anti-TB medicines. Poor  condition of storage facilities and outdated stock records were storage and inventory management related challenges. Weak supervision  and resource limitations for trainings were supervision and updates on guidelines related challenges. Overall, the study documented  poor stock management practices reflected by presence of shortages and wastages of essential anti-TB medicines. Digitalization of  inventory control systems and capacity-building interventions to improve quantification are recommended to improve the supply chain  management practices of the studied facilities.
Management of a case of an unusual midline diastema creation associated with periapical abscess: a case report
Authors: AKINRODOYE Stephen Tobi , OGUNDARE Temiloluwa Olawale , AYENI Olusola Olutayo , ANJOORIN Olaide Olayemi , OHILEBO Judith Ejemen , OGUNLADE Timothy , Olatunji Abeeb LAWAL
Published: February 2025

Background: People sought the creation of an artificial midline diastema, referring to the space between the upper and lower incisors for cosmetic reasons. Women typically undertake this procedure to enhance their appearance and social acceptance.
Objective: To report the complications associated with a case of an artificial midline diastema creation and the subsequent management.
Case Presentation: This case report highlights an unusual complication of artificial midline diastema creation, where an improperly filed upper right central incisor led to the formation of a periapical abscess, ultimately requiring professional dental intervention
Conclusion: Inappropriate tooth filing to create an artificial diastema for cosmetic purposes can lead to serious complications, including periapical abscesses, requiring prompt professional dental care. Hence there a need to increase public awareness about the associated risks of undergoing artificial diastema creation, likewise policy change against dental quackery to ensure public safety from such procedures.
Partial discharge-based ageing assessment of high voltage crosslinked polyethylene cable
Authors: Sulaiman S. H. , Abdulkarim A. , Abubakar A. S. , Shehu G. S. , Musa U. , Mas’ud A. A.
Published: February 2025

High Voltage (HV) cables are important components of modern power transmission and distribution networks. However, the reliability of such networks depends, to a large extent, on the health condition of the cables. The presence of voids within the insulation materials which could arise from overstressing, manufacturing defects as well as poor workmanship enhances the electric field within and around the defect which can lead to the occurrence of partial discharges (PDs). Furthermore, severe PD activity can deteriorate the cable dielectric material and cause accelerated asset ageing. Also, experimental monitoring of cable networks is expensive and time-consuming. Hence, in this research, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) of a crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable was simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics software environment to analyse the behaviour of electric field in healthy and defective cable under different cavity sizes and applied voltages. The electric field magnitude at the centre of a 1.0 mm air void was recorded to be 2.539 kV/mm, representing a 24.07% increase over that of the corresponding healthy cable, 2.9539 kV/mm. PD activity was also studied using COMSOL Multiphysics software alongside MATLAB software environment by adopting free parameters corresponding to three ageing phases of the cable obtained from experiments for 50 cycles of the applied voltage. The results show that PD repetition frequency increases as the cable ages, resulting in 9.82, 15.82, and 17.20 PDs per cycle for ageing stages 1, 2, and 3 respectively.
Durability and strength of reinforced concrete bridges subject to corrosion: fuzzy random and probabilistic analysis
Authors: Tran T. T. , Tran T. M. , Nguyen X. T. , Nguyen V. T. , Vu B. T.
Published: February 2025

This paper established a robust theoretical framework and applied fuzzy random and probabilistic theories to evaluate the durability and strength of reinforced concrete bridge structures subject to corrosion. The study systematically predicts moment capacity degradation, failure probability, and service life, while accounting for uncertainties in input parameters through Monte Carlo simulation. The MATLAB programming tool was used to calculate and analyze the bridge structures considering the uncertainty of input parameters and Monter Carlo simulation. A targeted application focused on estimating the service life of an aging bridge affected by chloride intrusion yielded noteworthy findings. Notably, the predicted initial corrosion times from both fuzzy and non-fuzzy analyses were found to be comparable, at approximately 29.96 years and 29.94 years, respectively. Additionally, the analysis indicated that the probability of failure for reinforced concrete bridge structures effectively doubles after 25 years. These results underscore the robustness of the proposed model, emphasising that the incorporation of comprehensive empirical data on the input parameters used to calculate durability and resistance, particularly from field experiments, significantly enhances the reliability and accuracy of lifespan and resistance predictions for reinforced concrete structures in practical applications.