bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Motivations, Experiences, Challenges, and Psychological Well-Being during Training and the First Year of Volunteering at a Mental Health Charity
Authors: Yau Maggie
Published: May 2022

This research paper explores experiences of new volunteers during training and first year of volunteering at a mental health charity in UK and Republic of Ireland. This topic is important because volunteering makes significant impact on society, contributing to the global economy, and helping build stronger, more cohesive, safer communities (Wu, 2011). The study consisted of 160 new volunteers; data were collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Positive experiences included making new friends and engaging in voluntary work. Negative experiences included dealing with people that misused the service. The challenges of volunteering were dealing with difficult calls and problems with the support system in some branches, which might be a threat to a new volunteer’s psychological well-being and retention. It is recommended that amendments are made to the initial training and the support system in some branches of the charity.
Predictors of recurrence in patients without non-inducibility of ventricular tachycardia at the end of ablation
Authors: Nakasone Kazutaka , Fukuzawa Koji , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Takami Mitsuru , Sakai Jun , Nakamura Toshihiro , Yatomi Atsusuke , Sonoda Yusuke , Takahara Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Kyoko , Suzuki Yuya , Tani Kenichi , Iwai Hidehiro , Nakanishi Yusuke , Hirata Ken-ichi
Published: May 2022

Background: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) non-inducibility at the end of ablation is associated with a less likely VT recurrence. However, it is not clear whether we should use VT non-inducibility as a routine end point of VT ablation. The aim of this study was to evaluate VT recurrence in patients in whom VT non-inducibility was not achieved at the end of the RF ablation and the factors attributing to the VT recurrence.Methods: We analyzed 62 patients in whom VT non-inducibility was not achieved at the end of the RF ablation were studied.Results: Over 2 years, 22 (35%) of the cases had VT recurrences. A multivariate analysis showed that an LVEF≥35% (HR:0.19; 95% CI:0.06- 0.49; P<0.01) and partial success as an acute ablation efficacy (HR:0.23; 95% CI:0.04- 0.81; P=0.02) were independent predictors of fewer VT recurrences. RF ablation was associated with a 91.1% reduction in VT episodes.Conclusion: Even if VT non-inducibility was not achieved, patients with an LVEF≥35% or in whom partial success could be achieved might be prevented from having VT recurrences. The validity of the VT non-inducibility of any VT should be evaluated considering each patient’s background and the results of the procedure.
Clinical and Radiological findings with long-term Conservative Therapy in lumbar and Cervical Disc Prolapse
Authors: ELDANASORY OMAR
Published: May 2022

Objectives: A retrospective analysis study of 40 patients, with cervical, and/or lumbar disc prolapse, to evaluate the effectiveness of long-term conservative treatment. Method: The study involved 40 patients with acute, or chronic onset of cervical or lumbar radiculopathy, due to disc prolapse between 2015 and 2019. All patients had a standard neurological and clinical assessment, with follow-up Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for a period ranging from 2 to 3 years. The Associations between clinical findings during the physical examination and follow-up MRI imaging findings were compared and discussed. Their age ranges from 25 years old up to 50 years old (13 women (32.5%) and 27 men (67.5%)). All patients were refusing surgery because of the surgical drew back occurring to their family members for the same surgery, due to medical problems preventing surgery, or had improvement with long- term conservative therapy. The protocol of medical treatment and physiotherapy were the same for all patients.Results: Long-term conservative treatment for cervical and lumbar disc prolapses could be superior and better than surgical treatment in acute disc prolapse without any neurological deterioration. The surgical treatment of the cervical and lumbar disc prolapses in young patients is has not been considered the gold slandered option of treatment because of the postoperative complications especially recurrence disc and the failed back surgery syndrome.Conclusion: The conservative treatment of cervical and/or lumbar disc prolapses of all selected patients who received the same protocol was effective for long-term therapy. The follow-up MRI spine was also very effective and show spontaneous regression of the disc materials for all patients. Therefore, conservative management of disc prolapses could be superior and better than surgical management especially, in acute stages.
A hybrid tool wear prediction model based on JDA
Authors: Huang Hua , Yao Jiajing , Zhi Xiaobo , Pang Qianzhi , Xue Wenhu
Published: May 2022

Tool wear monitoring plays a vital role in improving product quality and reducing production costs. Aiming at the problems of low prediction accuracy and poor generalization caused by the difference in tool wear data distribution and the fixation of single global model parameters, a hybrid prediction modeling method for tool wear based on joint distribution adaptation (JDA) is proposed. Firstly, JDA is exploited to adapt the data features under different data distributions. Then, the adapted data features are identified by the KNN classifier. Finally, according to the tool state classification results, different regression prediction models are assigned to different wear stages to complete the whole tool wear prediction task. The results of milling experiments show that the maximum prediction accuracy of this method can reach 91.15%, and it has good recognition accuracy and generalization performance. Through the analysis of the tool wear hybrid prediction modeling method, the research can improve the prediction accuracy and generalization performance of the model and realize tool on-line monitoring. The research results can provide solutions and a theoretical basis for the application of tool wear monitoring technology in practical production.
Inhaled corticosteroids do not affect the antibody titer against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinated patients
Authors: Nakajima Takeo , Nagano Tatsuya , Miyata Yoshiharu , Murakami Shoko , Mitsuyuki Satoshi , Funakoshi Yohei , Yakushijin Kimikazu , Horimoto Hitoshi , Nishimura Yoshihiro
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Oral corticosteroids reduce the antibody titer of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. To date, the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on antibody titers is unknown.Study Design: The design of this study is retrospective study.Methods: We analyzed the relationship between the clinical features and total antibody titers against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein in 320 subjects who had never been infected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and were vaccinated the second time with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine between October 1 to December 28, 2021.Results: Of the 320 subjects, 205 were treated with inhaled corticosteroids. The median antibody titer of patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids was 573 U/mL, which was significantly higher than that of patients treated without inhaled corticosteroids (451 U/mL, P=0.00155). The median antibody titers of smokers, men, and patients aged 65 years and over, were 315.5 U/mL, 385 U/mL, and 425.5 U/mL, respectively. These results are significantly lower than those of patients who never smoked, women, and patients aged less than 64 years (582 U/mL [P<0.001], 682.5 U/mL [P<0.001], and 717 U/mL [P<0.001], respectively). The multivariate analysis revealed that smoking history, females, and age were independent antibody titer-reducing factors (P=0,0458, <0.001, and P <0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The use of inhaled corticosteroids did not reduce the antibody titer against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Clinicians should continue treatment with inhaled corticosteroids if indicated.
Safety and outcomes of combined immune checkpoint inhibitor and radiation therapy for patients with melanoma brain metastases
Authors: Desagneaux Andréa , Charles Julie , Kastler Adrian , Dols Anne -Marie , Leccia Marie-Thérèse , Elhalawani Hesham , Aizer Ayal , Flandin Isabelle , Verry Camille
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION:
In spite of the promising results of systemic treatment in melanoma, the development of brain metastases remains a common issue, often prompting use of Radiation Therapy (RT). The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) and brain RT with a focus on timing of both treatments.
METHODS
This retrospective study included all consecutive patients treated for a brain metastatic melanoma with an ICI (anti – CTLA4 or anti – PD1 or both) and brain RT from December 1, 2010 and April 30, 2018. The concurrent group was defined by an ICI performed within 4 weeks before or after RT. Primary endpoint was neurological adverse events graded with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0.
RESULTS
Fifty - three consecutive patients were included. A total of 81 RT courses were performed: 23 with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and 58 with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). The majority of RT (63%, n = 51) was delivered with concurrent ICI. Acute neurological Adverse Events (AE) ≥ grade 3 occurred for 12.3% of RT course, with no difference between concurrent and non – concurrent groups. The median OS after RT was 11.5 months for the entire cohort with 15.9 months for SRT in comparison to 2.7 months for WBRT. The objective response rate was significantly better for concurrent ICI – SRT group at 66.7% compared to 40% for non-– concurrent group (p = 0.04). One-year LC probability was higher in the concurrent group than in the non-concurrent group, respectively 72. % vs 38.5% (p = 0.007).
CONCLUSIONS
Combined RT and ICI is well tolerated with acceptable neurological adverse events. Stereotactic radiation therapy delivered concurrently with ICI is associated with improved local control.
Pulmonary Function Test induction Jacket - A device which reduces the effort related challenges during Forced Vital Capacity maneuver.
Authors: Rajdeep Prashant , Poorey Ketaki , Patel RK , Oommen ER
Published: May 2022

Background- Over the last few years, the prevalence of lung function abnormalities has led to several mass testing programs across the world. PFT induction jacket has been invented as a small step towards making the process of performing FVC maneuver effortless and productive for both the patients and the medical practitioner.Method- The jacket is made up of a three-layered PVC sheet sealed together to form a single jacket with two chambers. The inner chamber is formed between an inner layer and middle layer, in which, when triggered cold water of 10 degree is circulated using connected water unit. Like ways, an outer chamber where air is pressurised using connected air unit is formed between middle layer and outer layer. Thirty volunteers performed FVC maneuver with and without wearing jacket.Results- There was no difference between the results in spirometry parameters ‘without jacket’ and ‘with jacket’. However, Median ± IQR (Q3-Q1) for the number of trials, which a participant had to undergo to perform spirometry was 3 ± 2 (4-2) (without jacket) and 1 ± 1 (2-1) (with jacket) and this difference was statistically significant (Wilcoxon signed rank test z = 4.129, p < 0.0001), which shows the jacket’s usefulness in performing FVC maneuver. Conclusion- PFT induction jacket has automated the FVC maneuver of computerized Spirometer by triggering physiological inspiratory gasp using cold water and circumscribing pressurised air for expiration. Induction jacket makes the maneuver easy to perform, time efficient and effortless for the patient.
Career opportunities and challenges of orthodontists graduated in the UAE
Authors: Buhamer Balquees , Ferguson Donald , Allam Eman
Published: May 2022

Aim: To assess the UAE orthodontics graduates and alumni professional career opportunities as well as challenges facing them. In addition, the impact of their postgraduate clinical and research training on their current job satisfaction and their future career plans was also explored.Methods: A questionnaire was sent online to a sample of 132 dentists representing all orthodontics specialists graduating from UAE based programs. Survey data were collated for 13 queries related to “job satisfaction” (6 queries) and “impact of the educational program from which they graduated” (7 queries). Likert scales were used to record responses. The ordinal responses to the 13 queries were assessed according to subgroup breakdowns in relation to demographics and current position satisfaction using non‐parametric testing. Results: Thirty-seven graduates responded to the online survey (28% response rate). Job satisfaction rate averaged (3.72) and was significantly lower than the impact of the educational program response (average 4.37). About 90% employability rate was reported. Orthodontists currently working in the UAE were significantly less satisfied with their jobs than orthodontists working outside the UAE when queried about salary and benefits, positive and supportive work environment and overall job satisfaction. Orthodontists who never moved since taking their initial job were less satisfied with salary and benefits as well as a positive and supportive work environment. Conclusion: While several factors might currently be considered essential elements for the higher education institutes quality assessment, their efforts in preparing their graduates to joining the workforce and improving their chances in career development and opportunities would be the most valuable from the postgraduates’ perspectives specifically in practice-focused degrees such as clinical specialities in dentistry. Majority of the orthodontics specialists graduated from UAE speciality programs are satisfied with their current job and the way their educational program prepared them.
Evaluating The Relation of Time Spent On Internet and Video Games On Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Parameters In Children And Adolescents
Authors: YETİŞGİN Hande , İNÖZÜ Mihriban , ÇÖP Esra , ÖZLÜ Sare Gülfem
Published: May 2022

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine the role of internet addiction and video games in blood pressure elevation in children and adolescents by evaluating ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measurements.Patients and Methods: This study was carried out with the patients who were referred to our pediatric nephrology out patient clinic for evaluation of hypertension. Children aged between 12 and 18 years old were included in the study. Patients with chronic kidney disease, chronic heart disease, endocrinological diseases, psychiatric diseases were excluded from the study. Demographic data, clinical and laboratory findings of the patients were obtained from hospital records. Ambulatory blood presssure monitoring was performed to evaluate hypertension. Young Internet Addiction Scale and Video Game Scale scores and ABPM parameters were compared.Results: Of the 107 patients included in our study, 40 were girls and 67 were boys. The mean age was 14.9±1.8 years. According to ABPM measurements, 43 (40.2%) of 107 patients were normotensive, 24 (22.4%) prehypertensive, and 40 (37.4%) hypertensive. We detected that as the test scores increased, the overall mean systolic blood pressure increased, but it did not reach a statistically significant state. As Young's Internet Addiction test score increased, the maximum daytime systolic blood pressure and mean daytime systolic blood pressure increased. Conclusion: Sedentary life style has increased the frequency of hypertension along with obesity. Both video game playing and increased time spent on the Internet; increase sedentary life and obesity and may also lead to the development of hypertension indepently from obesity. Therefore, we think that problematic internet use and video game playing disorders should be evaluated when investigating hypertensive children and adolescents.
Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Furans in Food Samples by Gas Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (GC- MS/MS) and Comparison with Gas Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (GC-HRMS)
Authors: Lyu Bing , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Lei , Zhong Yuxin , Wu Yongning , Li Jingguang
Published: May 2022

Although gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been applied to the determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in various food samples, there is insufficient evidence to evaluate its equivalence with gas chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). In the present study, two GC-MS/MS instruments with different ion sources (advanced electron ionization [AEI] and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization [APCI]) were evaluated for detecting trace levels of PCDD/Fs in various foods. GC-AEI-MS/MS and GC-APCI-MS/MS showed good linear relationships for 17 PCDD/Fs (0.01–200 ng/mL, R2 > 0.999), and the relative standard deviations of the relative response factors were 3–18%. The limit of quantitation range of the PCDD/Fs was 0.005–0.101 ng/mL with GC-APCI-MS/MS and 0.006–0.201 ng/mL with GC-AEI-MS/MS. The capabilities of the GC-MS/MS methods were evaluated for determination of PCDD/Fs in reference materials and real food samples. Statistical analyses showed that the toxic equivalents (TEQs) were comparable to those obtained with GC-HRMS, and the methods had good sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. No difference was found between the results from the GC-MS/MS techniques and GC-HRMS when the PCDD/Fs concentrations were greater than 10− 2 pg/g. The results suggest that when the total TEQ is greater than 0.57 pg TEQ/g (lipid weight) or 0.052 pg TEQ/g (wet weight), GC-MS/MS techniques could be used as a complementary approach to GC-HRMS. Both GC-AEI-MS/MS and GC-APCI-MS/MS have similar sensitivity, selectivity, and stability to HRMS and could be used as confirmation methods for the analysis of trace PCDD/Fs in animal foods.
Image blind deblurring network with back projection feature fusion
Authors: Li Chi , Kong Weiwei , Xue Jiawei , Wang Ze , Chang Liang
Published: May 2022

Aiming at the problem of image motion blur caused by hand-held camera jitter and object motion in the process of collecting photos, a generative adversarial network (GAN) based on feature fusion of back projection is proposed for blind image deblurring. Firstly, the generator network is established by using U-Net structure, and a feature fusion residual block based on back projection is designed according to the error feedback principle, which solves the problem of saving spatial information in U-Net structure. Secondly, the self-attention module is introduced into the generator network to extract the feature map that pays more attention to detail. Finally, the combination of perceptual loss, mean square error loss and relative generative adversarial loss effectively alleviates the mode collapse problem of traditional GAN and improves the stability of model training. The experimental results show that the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) of this method on GoPro data set are 30.183dB and 0.941 respectively, and 26.962 and 0.837 on the Kohler dataset, with the shortest running time, which are better than the existing mainstream methods. The restored image is clearer in subjective vision and richer in texture details, which can effectively improve the image deblurring effect.
Identification of a Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation of PHGDH in Neu–Laxova Syndrome
Authors: Li Huan , Yu Wen-Qian , Wei Jun , Liu Cai-Xia , Lyu Yuan
Published: May 2022

Background
Neu–Laxova syndrome (NLS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by a variety of congenital malformations. It is a fatal developmental disorder caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in PHGDH, PSAT1, and PSPH.
Method
In this study, we aimed to characterize the clinical and molecular features of a fetus with NLS caused by novel heterozygous missense variants in PHGDH that were identified in his non-consanguineous parents. The fetus showed severe intrauterine growth restriction and abnormal ultrasound signs at 28 weeks of gestation. Fetal muscular tissue and peripheral blood samples from both parents were collected for whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing.
Results
The clinical features were consistent with a diagnosis of NLS. Three missense mutations were detected in PHGDH in the fetus: c.488G > A(p.Arg163Gln) was carried by the father and c.607A > T(p.Ile203Phe) and c.743C > T (p.Ala248Val) were carried by the mother, resulting in a compound heterozygous mutation. Clinvar database suggests that c.743C > T may be benign variation, So we speculate that c.607A > T(p.Ile203Phe) is the pathogenic site carried by the mother.
Conclusions
This is the first report of PHGDH mutations in a patient with NLS in Northeast China. Thus, we detected a novel compound heterozygous pathogenic mutation in PHGDH, thereby expanding the molecular and phenotypic spectrum and providing strong support for the contribution of PHGDH to the pathogenesis of NLS.
Investigation and Modulation of Interleukin 6 following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Targeting Inflammatory Activation for Cerebral Vasospasm
Authors: Lucke-Wold Brandon , Dodd William , Motwani Kartik , Hosaka Koji , Laurent Dimitri , Martinez Melanie , Dugan Victoria , Chalouhi Nohra , Johnson Richard , Hoh Brian
Published: May 2022

Background: Cerebral vasospasm (CV) can contribute significant morbidity for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. A key unknown is how CV induction is triggered following SAH. Methods: human aneurysmal blood was collected for evaluation. To confirm mechanism, c57/bl6 wild type and c57/bl6 IL-6 female knockout (KO) mice were utilized with groups: saline injected, SAH, SAH + IL-6 blockade, SAH IL-6 KO, SAH IL-6 KO + IL-6 administration. For SAH, 50mm blood was collected from tail puncture and administered into basal cisterns. IL-6 blockade was given at various time points. Various markers of neuroinflammation were measured with western blot and immunohistochemistry. Cerebral blood flow was also measured. Vasospasm was measured via cardiac injection of india-ink/gelatin. Turning test and Garcia’s modified SAH score were utilized. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: IL-6 expression peaked 3 days following SAH (p<0.05). Human IL-6 was increased in aneurysmal blood (p<0.05). Receptor upregulation was periventricular and perivascular. A significant increase in BBB markers endothelin 1 and occludin were noted following SAH but reduced with IL-6 blockade (p<0.01). CV occurred 5 days post SAH but was absent in IL-6 KO mice and mitigated with IL-6 blockade (p<0.05). IL-6 blockade, and IL-6 KO mitigated effects of SAH on cerebral blood flow (p<0.05). SAH mice had impaired performance on turn test and poor Modified Garcia Scores compared to saline and IL-6 blockade. A distinct microglia phenotype was noted day 5 in the SAH group (overlap coefficients r=0.96 and r=0.94) for Arg1 and iNOS, which was altered by IL-6 blockade. Day 7, a significant increase in toll-like receptor 4 and Stat3 were noted. This was mitigated by IL-6 blockade and IL-6 KO, which also reduced Caspase 3 (p<0.05). Ventricular dilation and increased tunel positivity were noted day 9 but resolved by IL-6 blockade (p<0.05). Conclusion: correlation between IL-6 and CV has been well documented. We show that a mechanistic connection exists via the inflammatory response, and IL-6 blockade provides benefit in reducing CV and its consequences.
Whole-transcriptome analysis of periodontal tissue and construction of immune-related competitive endogenous RNA network
Authors: Zhao Quanquan , Wen Jing , Ouyang Xiangying , Liu Jianru , Liu Wenyi , Zhang Shengnan , Lv Peiying , Lou Xinzhe
Published: May 2022

Background
In periodontitis, noncoding RNAs plays a regulatory role in the immune microenvironment through competitive endogenous RNA. We aimed to profile noncoding RNA expression and interaction in periodontal tissue and identify key regulators in the immune microenvironment in periodontitis.
Methods
Five inflamed periodontal tissue and five healthy gingivae were collected for whole-transcriptome sequencing. Differential gene, functional enrichment, and protein-protein interaction network analysis were performed to explore the function of differentially expressed genes. CIBERSORTx was used to analyze level of immune cell infiltration in the periodontal tissue. An immune-related competitive endogenous RNA network was constructed and expression of key regulators in the network was validated.
Results
Compared with healthy gingiva, 200 mRNAs, 90 long noncoding RNAs, 65 microRNAs, and 518 circular RNAs were differentially expressed, and cell chemotaxis was significantly enhanced in inflamed periodontal tissue. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that neutrophils, macrophages M1, T follicular helper cells, and naive B cells were significantly increased in periodontitis. Key regulators including JUN, FOS, THBS1, KLF2, WIF1, were identified and their expression was then validated.
Conclusion
We constructed an immune-related competitive endogenous RNA network in periodontal tissue, which provided new insights into immune homeostasis in periodontitis and laid a foundation for further study of noncoding RNAs. Key regulators in this network may be promising targets for future periodontitis treatment.
Forecasting homogenized cloud cover time series over Greece using generalized regression neural networks
Authors: Tsiotas Georgios
Published: May 2022

Cloud cover is an important meteorological parameter that affects the earth’s ra-diative energy balance and precipitation, playing a major role in the hydrologicalcycle. Long records of cloud cover data are the result of human estimations madeduring the synoptic observation hours at each meteorological station. Here, adoptinga homogenization methodology of the cloud cover time series of the Hellenic NationalWeather Service (HNMS) network and using monthly average cloud cover time series,we analyze 6 meteorological stations in the region of Crete, Greece for a period be-tween 1975 and 2004. To analyze these time series data, we propose the generalizedregression neural network (GRNN), a special type of neural network. By taking ad-vantage of several GRNN properties (i.e., a single design parameter and fast learning)and by incorporating several design strategies, the algorithm investigates effectivelythe possible seasonal and trend patterns found in cloud cover time series data. Fore-casting experiment results implemented under various strategies and time horizonsreveal that the GRNN methods outperforms previously adopted forecasting methodbased on exponential smoothing and ARIMA methodology. Our results reveal thatthe selected GRNN specifications may vary across monitoring stations and forecasting horizons.
Estimation of bed net coverage indicators using a national mobile phone survey in Tanzania
Authors: Worges Matt , Kamala Benjamin , Yukich Joshua , Chacky Frank , Lazaro Samwel , Dismas Charles , Aroun Sijenun , Ibrahim Raya , Khamis Mwinyi , Gitanya Peter , Mwingizi Deodatus , Metcalfe Hannah , Deku Sena , Dadi David , Serbantez Naomi , Loll Dana , Koenker Hannah
Published: May 2022

Background: Monitoring and surveillance of bed net coverage indicators is critical, particularly due to threats in maintaining high population access to effective bed nets, but usually occurs every 2-3 years through large-scale national household surveys. However, the rapid growth of mobile phone ownership in Tanzania has resulted in mobile phone-based survey methodologies emerging as an alternative to household surveys.Methods: A national mobile phone survey was conducted in early 2021 with focus on bed net ownership and access. Half of the sample target was contacted through a standard random digit dial methodology and the remaining half was reached through a voluntary opt-in respondent pool. Both sampling approaches used an interactive voice response survey conducted in Kiswahili.Results: The response rate was approximately 1.5% across the combined sampling approaches. Population access (i.e., the percent of the population that could sleep under a bed net, assuming one bed net per two people) varied from a regionally adjusted low of 48.1% (Katavi) to a high of 65.5% (Dodoma). The adjusted percent of households that had a least one bed net ranged from 54.8% (Pemba) to 75.5% (Dodoma); the adjusted percent of households with at least one bed net per 2 de facto household population ranged from 35.9% (Manyara) to 55.7% (Dodoma). The estimates produced by both sampling approaches were generally similar, differing by only a few percentage points. An analysis of differences between estimates generated from the two sampling approaches showed minimal bias when considering variation across the indicator for households with at least one bed net per two de facto household population.Conclusion: Mobile phone surveys can provide rapid estimates of bed net coverage in Tanzania and may serve as a suitable source of information between large-scale household surveys. The results generated by this survey show that overall bed net access in the country appears to be lower than target thresholds. The results suggest that bed net distribution is needed in large sections of the country to ensure that coverage levels remain high enough to sustain protection against malaria for the population.
Improved preoperative risk stratification in endometrial carcinoma patients: External validation of the ENDORISK Bayesian network model in a large population-based case series
Authors: Grube Marcel , Reijnen Casper , Lucas Peter JF , Kommoss Friedrich , Kommoss Felix KF , Brucker Sara Y , Walter Christina B , Oberlechner Ernst , Krämer Bernhard , Andress Jürgen , Neis Felix , Staebler Annette , Pijnenborg Johanna MA , Kommoss Stefan
Published: May 2022

PurposePreoperative risk stratification of newly diagnosed endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients has been hindered by only moderate prediction performance for many years. Recently ENDORISK, a Bayesian network model, showed high predictive performance. It was the aim of this study to validate ENDORISK by applying the model to a population-based case series of EC patients. MethodsENDORISK was applied to a retrospective cohort of women surgically treated for EC from 2003-2013. Prediction accuracy for LNM as well as 5-year DSS was investigated. The model’s overall performance was quantified by the Brier score, discriminative performance by area under the curve (AUC).ResultsA complete data set was evaluable from 247 patients. 78.1% cases were endometrioid histotype. The majority of patients (n=156;63.2%) had stage IA disease. Overall, positive lymph nodes were found in 20(8.1%) patients. Using ENDORISK predicted probabilities, most (n=156;63.2%) patients have been assigned to low or very low risk group with a false-negative rate of 0.6%.AUC for LNM prediction was 0.851 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.761-0.941) with a Brier score of 0.06. For 5-year DSS the AUC was 0.698 (95% CI 0.595-0.800) as Brier score has been calculated 0.09. ConclusionsWe were able to successfully validate ENDORISK for prediction of LNM and 5-year DSS. Next steps will now have to focus on ENDORISK performance in daily clinical practice. In Addition, incorporating TCGA-derived molecular subtypes will be of key importance for future extended use. This study may support further promoting of data-based decision-making tools for personalized treatment of EC.
Virtually supported penicillin allergy de-labelling during COVID-19
Authors: Ghassemian Arian , Sadi Geetanjalee , Mak Raymond , Erdle Stephanie , Wong Tiffany , Jeimy Samira
Published: May 2022

Background: Penicillin allergy is a commonly listed medication allergy despite rare overall incidence. Many patients erroneously have this label, which has personal, health, and societal costs. Penicillin allergy delabelling requires an oral challenge, which can be a rate limiting step in the de-labeling process; this is even more relevant with the reduction of in-person visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To expedite penicillin oral provocation challenge and penicillin de-labeling in patients at low to moderate risk of immediate hypersensitivity reaction, given COVID-19 restrictions. Methods: Patients referred for penicillin allergy were assessed virtually. Those deemed appropriate for oral challenge based on the allergist consultant were offered the option of a virtual oral provocation challenge to oral amoxicillin in a subsequent virtual visit. Patients who agreed and were consented underwent a virtually supervised oral amoxicillin challenge during the second virtual visit. Results: Twenty-three patients, both adult and pediatric, ranging from no to significant co-morbidities were consented and underwent the virtual challenge. One hundred percent of patients were successful with no reaction after an hour post virtual oral provocation challenge with amoxicillin. Conclusion: Virtual medicine is likely to remain in the allergist’s practice. Virtually supported penicillin allergy delabelling, based on shared decision making and risk stratification, presents another pathway for penicillin allergy delabelling. Shared decision making between the allergist and patient plays a key role to determine candidacy of the appropriate patient.
Morphological brain alterations in dialysis- and non-dialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yu Huan , Zhang Chaoyang , Cai Yan , Wu Ning , Jia Xiuqin , Wu Jiaojiao , Shi Feng , Yang Qi
Published: May 2022

Objective
To 1) investigate the morphological brain-tissue changes in patients with dialysis- and non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD); 2) analyze the effects of CKD on whole-brain cortical thickness, cortical volume, surface area, and surface curvature; and 3) analyze the correlation of these changes with clinical and biochemical indices.
Methods
This study included normal controls (NCs, n = 34) as well as patients with CKD who were divided into dialysis (diagnosis-dependent chronic kidney disease [DD-CKD], n = 26) and non-dialysis (non-dialysis patients who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] scans [NDD-CKD], n = 26) groups. Cortical thickness, volume, surface area, and surface curvature in each group were calculated using FreeSurfer software. Brain morphological indicators with statistical differences were correlated with clinical and biochemical indicators.
Results
Patients with CKD exhibited a significant and widespread decrease in thickness and volume compared with NCs. Among the brain regions associated with higher neural activity, patients with CKD exhibited more significant morphological changes in the paracentral gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, and lateral occipital cortex than in other brain regions. Cortical thickness and volume in patients with CKD correlated with blood pressure, lipid, hemoglobin, creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels. The extent of brain atrophy was further increased in the DD-CKD group compared with that in the NDD-CKD group.
Conclusion
Patients with CKD potentially exhibit a certain degree of structural brain-tissue imaging changes, with morphological changes more pronounced in patients with DD-CKD, suggesting that blood urea nitrogen and dialysis may be influential factors in brain morphological changes in patients with CKD.
Heterophile carbohydrate antigen N-glycolylneuraminic acid as a potential biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Akimoto Shuji , Tahara Hiroyuki , Yanagawa Senichiro , Ide Kentaro , Tanaka Yuka , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Ohdan Hideki
Published: May 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high recurrence rate even after radical hepatectomy. No optimal biomarker can predict the recurrence and prognosis of HCC. We investigated whether the oncological properties of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) can participate in the recurrence and prognosis of HCC. We evaluated the expression of NeuGc antigen (Ag) in the HCC tissues and measured the preoperative anti-NeuGc IgG antibodies (Abs) in the sera of the patients with HCC. We compared the clinical characteristics and survival rate in the hepatectomized patients (initial; n = 66, recurrent; n = 34) with and without the NeuGc Ag or Abs. Multivariate analyses showed positive expression of NeuGc Ag in HCC tissues (Odds ratio; initial = 6.3, recurrent = 14.0) and higher titers of preoperative anti-NeuGc Ab (Odds ratio; initial = 4.9; recurrent = 3.8), which could be the predictive factors related to early recurrence post-surgery. Both the NeuGc Ag-positive and Ab-positive groups in the initial hepatectomized patients exhibited significantly shorter recurrent free survival compared to those in the negative groups. Our findings suggested that preoperative anti-NeuGc Ab titers and NeuGc Ag expression in the HCC tissues can be used as the predictive factors for the postoperative recurrence and prognosis of HCC.
Risk factors for Ex-press® surgery failure
Authors: Otsuka Mistuya , Tojo Naoki , Hayashi Atsushi
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors for Ex-Press® (EXP) surgery failure.Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective non-randomized study of 98 patients who had undergone EXP and were followed-up >5 years. We investigated the following nine risk factors: age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), previous glaucoma surgery, type of glaucoma (primary open angle glaucoma vs. pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma), surgical methods (EXP alone vs. EXP+cataract surgery simultaneously), central corneal thickness (CCT), and preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP). We defined a successful surgery as a post-operative reduction in the IOP >20% from the preoperative IOP and <18 mmHg. We determined the risk factors using multivariate cox regression models.Results: Performing EXP significantly decreased the IOP (pre-operative: 25.2 ± 8.7, at 5 years: 11.1 ± 4.1). The success ratio of EXP was 67.4% at 5 years. We found no significant risk factors for EXP surgery failure. The p-values of the factors were age (p=0.936), gender (p=0.0587), hypertension (p=0.409), DM (p=0.967), previous glaucoma surgery (p=0.940), type of glaucoma (p=0.435) surgical methods (p=0.521), CCT (p=0.091), and preoperative IOP (p=0.082).Conclusions: No preoperative factors that could be used to predict the failure of EXP surgery were identified. EXP can be safely performed for various types of glaucoma.
Impact of opioid analgesics on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a lung cancer population
Authors: Yu Xiaoyuan , Zhao Li , Song Bin
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveA retrospective clinical study was conducted to compare the prognosis between the opioid analgesic(OA) and non-OA groups and to evaluate the effect of opioid analgesics on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of advanced lung cancer patients. In addition, a subgroup analysis of the clinical characteristics of the enrolled patients was performed to explore possible influencing factors.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of eligible patients who received ICIs at our institution. The clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes were compared. Also, the use of OA was collected. Patient survival, incidence of immune-related adverse events (IrAEs), and other baseline variables were examined in both cohorts according to whether OA were used.ResultsA total of 132 patients were included in the study. Of them, 39 (29.5%) were in the OA-treated group. No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the OA-treated and untreated groups. Combined application of OA treatment significantly shortened progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.002). However, both groups experienced similar incidences and gradations of irAEs. According to multivariate analysis, OA treatment resulted in significantly worse PFS [HR = 0.200 (95% CI: 0.124, 0.324, P = 0.001)] and OS [HR = 0.275 (95% CI: 0.160, 0.473, P = 0.001)].ConclusionsClinical outcomes of ICIs were significantly diminished in a cohort of Chinese patients with advanced lung cancer receiving OA therapy.
Effects of waterlogging and elevated salinity on the allocation of photosynthetic carbon in marsh plants and soils
Authors: Li Yalei , Ge Zhenming , Xie Lina , Li Shihua , Tan Lishan
Published: May 2022

Background and aimCoastal marshes, termed the “blue carbon (C)” ecosystems, are vulnerable to sea-level rise (SLR) and its consequent effects. In this study, we explored the effects of changed hydrology on the accumulation and allocation of photosynthetic C within a widely distributed marsh species and rooted soils.MethodsThe plant–soil mesocosms of Phragmites australis were grown under waterlogging and elevated-salinity conditions to investigate the responses of photosynthetic C allocation in different C pools (plant organs and soils) based on 13CO2 pulse-labeling technology.ResultsWaterlogging and elevated salinity treatments decreased photosynthetic C. Both hydrological treatments reduced 13C recovery in the plant organs of P. australis while significantly increased the 13C allocation percentage in the belowground tissues. Waterlogging and slight salinity had no notable effects on 13C recovered in rhizosphere soils, while high salinity (15 and 30 ppt) significantly reduced 13C recovered in soils, indicating a decrease in C input from roots in a saline environment. Waterlogging strengthened the effects of salinity on the 13C allocation pattern, especially during the late growing season. The responses of C allocation in plant organs and rhizosphere soils to the hydrological treatments can be related to changes in nutrient, ionic concentrations and microbial biomass.ConclusionThe adaptation strategy of P. australis led to increased C allocation in belowground organs under changed hydrology. The expected SLR projection might notably decrease the total C stock and alter the C allocation pattern in the marsh plant–soil systems, due to amplifying effect of prolonged flooding and elevated salinity.
Blind nasogastric tube insertion performed within one minute or for a maximum of three attempts minimize laryngopharyngeal injury during resuscitation
Authors: Miyamoto Kazuyuki , Takayasu Hiromi , Katsuki Shino , Maeda Atsuo , Suzuki Keisuke , Nakamura Motoyasu , Hida Noriko , Sambe Takehiko , Yagi Masaharu , Sasaki Jun , Hayashi Munetaka , Dohi Kenji
Published: May 2022

Blind nasogastric (NG) is inserted for patients under resuscitation, however minimal trauma to the laryngopharynx can sometimes lead severe bleeding. Recently, NG tube placement under the assistance of a Video-laryngoscope (VLS) has reported. We investigated laryngopharyngeal mucosal injury associated with blind NG tube insertion and considered practical blind NG tube insertion. Patients with cardio pulmonary arrest in whom blind nasogastric tube insertion was possible within 120 s in the Blind group and those in whom it was not possible in the Difficult (Dif) group. In the Dif group, VLS-assisted NG tube insertion was performed. Success rates, insertion time, number and laryngopharyngeal mucosal injury scores were compared. Success rates in the Blind and Dif groups were 98.5% and 76.5%, and insertion times were 48.8 ± 4.0 and 54.8 ± 3.0 s, respectively. The number of insertions and injury scores in the Blind group were significantly lower than those in the Dif group, respectively. The number of insertions and insertion time both showed strong positive correlations with injury scores. Blind NG tube insertion performed within 1 min or for a maximum of two or three attempts may minimize laryngopharyngeal mucosal injury, and VLS-assisted insertion should be considered if these limits are exceeded.
Involvement of p.R72P and PIN3 Ins16bp (TP53) polymorphisms and the I157T (CHEK2) mutation in breast cancer occurrence in Burkina FasoInvolvement of p.R72P and PIN3 Ins16bp (TP53) polymorphisms and the I157T (CHEK2) mutation in breast cancer occurrence in Burkina Faso
Authors: ZOURE Abdou Azaque , DABRE Soayebo , KIENDREBEOGO Touwendpoulimdé Isabelle , ZONGO Nayi , AMEGNONA Lanyo Jospin , SOMBIÉ Herman Karim , ADICO Marc Donald Wilfried , BAKYONO Bélélé Siméon , TRAORÉ Lassina , OUEDRAOGO Teega-Wendé Clarisse , OUEDRAOGO Rogomenoma Alice , ZOHONCON Théodora M. , YONLI Albert Théophane , SAWADOGO Alexis Yobi , DJIGMA Florencia W. , SIMPORE Jacques
Published: May 2022

Background: The TP53 and CHEK2 genes have been described as breast cancer susceptibility genes and some of their polymorphisms have been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in certain populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the p.R72P and PIN3 Ins16bp (TP53) polymorphisms and the I157T (CHEK2) mutation.Methods and results: This case-control study had enrolled 144 participants including 65 cases (breast cancer patients) and 79 controls (women without breast abnormalities). The genotyping of polymorphisms was performed by ASO-PCR (Allele Specific Oligonucleotides - Polymerase Chain Reaction) and PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) techniques.The heterozygous mutated genotype (RP) of the p.R72P polymorphism was in the majority in cases (73.85%) and controls (73.42%). As for the PIN3 Ins16bp polymorphism, the homozygous wild type (A1A1) was the most represented in both cases (53.85%) and controls (60.76%). Concerning the I157T mutation, only one (01) patient was homozygous mutant (TT) and no controls had the mutation. This study found no association between these polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer occurrence (p.R72P (OR=0.96; 95%IC (0.59-1.56); p=0.471), PIN3 Ins16bp (OR= 1.1; 95%IC (0.61-1.98); p=0.420)).Conclusion: This study showed that the mutated allele of the p.R72P polymorphism versus the wild-type allele of the PIN3 Ins16bp polymorphism were in the majority. The I157T mutation was very rare. These polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of developing breast cancer.
Intermediate monocytes expansion and homing markers expression in COVID-19 patients associate with kidney dysfunction
Authors: Dentone Chiara , Fenoglio Daniela , Parodi Alessia , Altosole Tiziana , Biagio Antonio , Bozzano Federica , Nasi Giorgia , Vena Antonio , Fabbi Marina , Ferrera Francesca , Bruzzone Bianca , Giacomini Mauro , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Pelosi Paolo , De Maria Andrea , Bassetti Matteo , De Palma Raffaele , Filaci Gilberto
Published: May 2022

Patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection have an overwhelming inflammatory response characterized by remarkable organs monocyte infiltration. We performed an immunophenotypic analysis on circulating monocytes in 19 COVID-19 patients in comparison with 11 naïve HIV-1 patients and 10 healthy subjects. Reduced frequency of classical monocytes and increased frequency of intermediate monocytes characterized COVID-19 patients with respect to both HIV naïve patients and healthy subjects. Intensity of C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) monocyte expression highly correlated with parameters of kidney dysfunction. Our data indicate that highly activated monocytes of COVID-19 patients may be pathogenically associated to the development of renal disease.