bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miRTargetLink—miRNAs, Genes and Interaction Networks
Authors: Hamberg Maarten , Backes Christina , Fehlmann Tobias , Hart Martin , Meder Benjamin , Meese Eckart , Keller Andreas
Published: April 2016

Information on miRNA targeting genes is growing rapidly. For high-throughput experiments, but also for targeted analyses of few genes or miRNAs, easy analysis with concise representation of results facilitates the work of life scientists. We developed miRTargetLink, a tool for automating respective analysis procedures that are frequently applied. Input of the web-based solution is either a single gene or single miRNA, but also sets of genes or miRNAs, can be entered. Validated and predicted targets are extracted from databases and an interaction network is presented. Users can select whether predicted targets, experimentally validated targets with strong or weak evidence, or combinations of those are considered. Central genes or miRNAs are highlighted and users can navigate through the network interactively. To discover the most relevant biochemical processes influenced by the target network, gene set analysis and miRNA set analysis are integrated. As a showcase for miRTargetLink, we analyze targets of five cardiac miRNAs. miRTargetLink is freely available without restrictions at www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/mirtargetlink.
An Approach to the Match between Experts and Users in a Fuzzy Linguistic Environment
Authors: Li Ming , Yuan Mengyue
Published: April 2016

Knowledge management systems are widely used to manage the knowledge in organizations. Consulting experts is an effective way to utilize tacit knowledge. The paper aims to optimize the match between users and experts to improve the efficiency of tacit knowledge-sharing. Firstly, expertise, trust and feedback are defined to characterize the preference of users for experts. Meanwhile, factors including trust, relationship and knowledge distance are defined to characterize the preference of experts for users. Then, a new method for the measurement of satisfaction based on the principle of axiomatic design is proposed. Afterwards, in order to maximize the satisfaction of both experts and users, the optimization model is constructed and the optimal solution is shown in the matching results. The evaluation results show the approach is feasible and performs well. The approach provides new insights for research on tacit knowledge-sharing. It can be applied as a tool to match experts with users in the development of knowledge management systems. The fuzzy linguistic method facilitates the expression of opinions, and as a result, the users-system interaction is improved.
Management of Status Epilepticus in Children
Authors: Smith Douglas , McGinnis Emily , Walleigh Diana , Abend Nicholas
Published: April 2016

Status epilepticus is a common pediatric neurological emergency. Management includes prompt administration of appropriately selected anti-seizure medications, identification and treatment of seizure precipitant(s), as well as identification and management of associated systemic complications. This review discusses the definitions, classification, epidemiology and management of status epilepticus and refractory status epilepticus in children.
The Herschel Heritage to Medical Thermography
Authors: Ring Francis
Published: April 2016

The discovery of infrared radiation by William Herschel in 1800 led to John Herschel’s study of solar radiation that he imaged by evaporography. This he termed a thermogram. The measurement of temperature in medicine advanced with Dr Carl Wunderlich, who showed the significance of the use of temperature measurements for diagnosis of fever and for monitoring the course of temperature in relation to disease. It was William and John Herschel’s discovery of infrared radiation that has ultimately opened up many applications for thermal imaging. Radiometric determination of human body (skin) temperature is now achievable. Remote sensing of infrared radiation first developed in the 1940s and has continued to develop steadily since 1960. Modern high speed and high resolution camera systems have now reached a dramatic level of performance at more modest costs, which medicine can now employ for non-invasive and quantifiable imaging. This has applications in many areas of medicine both for diagnostics and monitoring treatment. In recent years the acute threat of pandemic infection has increased, heightened by today’s ever expanding world travel. Special interest has been shown in the potential of thermal imaging for airport and travel screening. This is in effect where Dr Wunderlich’s studies began, and it has yet to be proven that the technique can be responsibly employed for efficient screening of large numbers of the travelling public.
Short-Term Response of Sasa Dwarf Bamboo to a Change of Soil Nitrogen Fertility in a Forest Ecosystem in Northern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Watanabe Tsunehiro , Fukuzawa Karibu , Shibata Hideaki
Published: April 2016

In forest ecosystems, a change of soil nitrogen (N) cycling after disturbance is regulated by various factors. Sasa dwarf bamboo (hereafter referred to as Sasa) is an understory plant that grows thickly on the forest floor in northern Hokkaido, Japan. However, the ecosystem function of Sasa after disturbances in the soil N cycling is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term response of Sasa to a change of soil N fertility. Biomass, litterfall, litter decomposition, soil N pool, and N leaching from soil were measured in control, and low- (5 g N m−2 year−1) and high-N (15 g N m−2 year−1) addition plots. Sasa immobilized much N as the soil N fertility increased. However, the leaf N concentration in aboveground biomass did not increase, suggesting that the N in leaves was maintained because of the increase of leaf biomass. As a result, the decomposition and mineralization rates of the produced litter before and after N addition were comparable among plots, even though the soil inorganic N fertility increased greatly. These results suggest that immediate response of Sasa to an increase of soil inorganic N mitigates the excess N leaching from soil.
pH-Triggered Sheddable Shielding System for Polycationic Gene Carriers
Authors: Xia Jialiang , Tian Huayu , Chen Jie , Lin Lin , Guo Zhaopei , Han Bing , Yang Hongyan , Feng Zongcai
Published: April 2016

For improving the therapeutic efficiency of tumors and decreasing undesirable side effects, ternary complexes were developed by coating pH-sensitive PEG-b-PLL-g-succinylsulfathiazole (hereafter abbreviated as PPSD) with DNA/PEI polyplexes via electrostatic interaction. PPSD can efficiently shield the surface charge of DNA/PEI. The gene transfection efficiency of ternary complexes was lower than that of DNA/PEI at pH 7.4; however, it recovered to the same level as that of DNA/PEI at pH 6.0, attributed to the pH-triggered release of DNA/PEI from ternary complexes. Cell uptake results also exhibited the same trend as transfection at different pH values. The suitable ability for pH-triggered shielding/deshielding estimated that PPSD demonstrates potential as a shielding system for use in in vivo gene delivery.
Mechanism of Acetyl Salicylic Acid (Aspirin) Degradation under Solar Light in Presence of a TiO2-Polymeric Film Photocatalyst
Authors: Mukherjee Debjani , Ray Ajay , Barghi Shahzad
Published: April 2016

Application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst has presented a promising avenue for the safe photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Increasing levels of the release of pharmaceuticals in the environment and formation of the intermediates during their degradation may impose health and environmental risks and therefore require more attention. Photocatalytic degradation of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) was carried out in the presence of the TiO2-filled polymeric film as a photocatalyst under solar light irradiation. The polymeric film incorporates TiO2 in the matrix, which acts as a photocatalyst under solar illumination and degrades the acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) into a range of organic compounds before complete demineralization (formation of carbon dioxide and water as final products). Among the intermediates, acetic acid was found to be present in a larger amount compared to other organic acids. The qualitative/quantitative analyses of the intermediates resulted in the determination of the most probable reaction’s mechanism in the degradation process. The mechanism of degradation of acetylsalicylic acid and its reaction pathway were developed from liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and UV spectrophotometric analysis. It was found that hydroxyl groups were dominant in the degradation process compared to electrons and holes generated by TiO2. The total organic carbon (TOC) analysis was also carried out to analyze the organic carbon content of the intermediates formed during the course of degradation.
Content and Phrasing in Titles of Original Research and Review Articles in 2015: Range of Practice in Four Clinical Journals
Authors: Kerans Mary , Murray Anne , Sabatè Sergi
Published: April 2016

Reporting guidelines for clinical research designs emerged in the mid-1990s and have influenced various aspects of research articles, including titles, which have also been subject to changing uses with the growth of electronic database searching and efforts to reduce bias in literature searches. We aimed (1) to learn more about titles in clinical medicine today and (2) to develop an efficient, reliable way to study titles over time and on the fly—for quick application by authors, manuscript editors, translators and instructors. We compared content and form in titles from two general medical journals—the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) and the British Medical Journal—and two anesthesiology journals (the European Journal of Anaesthesiology and Anesthesiology); we also analyzed the inter-rater reliability of our coding. Significant content differences were found in the frequencies of mentions of methods, results (between general and subspecialty titles), and geographic setting; phrasing differences were found in the prevalence of full-sentence and compound titles (and their punctuation). NEJM titles were significantly shorter, and this journal differed consistently on several features. We conclude that authors must learn to efficiently survey titles for form and content patterns when preparing manuscripts to submit to unfamiliar journals or on resubmitting to a new journal after rejection.
A Comparison of Mangrove Canopy Height Using Multiple Independent Measurements from Land, Air, and Space
Authors: Lagomasino David , Fatoyinbo Temilola , Lee SeungKuk , Feliciano Emanuelle , Trettin Carl , Simard Marc
Published: April 2016

Canopy height is one of the strongest predictors of biomass and carbon in forested ecosystems. Additionally, mangrove ecosystems represent one of the most concentrated carbon reservoirs that are rapidly degrading as a result of deforestation, development, and hydrologic manipulation. Therefore, the accuracy of Canopy Height Models (CHM) over mangrove forest can provide crucial information for monitoring and verification protocols. We compared four CHMs derived from independent remotely sensed imagery and identified potential errors and bias between measurement types. CHMs were derived from three spaceborne datasets; Very-High Resolution (VHR) stereophotogrammetry, TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement, and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (TanDEM-X), and lidar data which was acquired from an airborne platform. Each dataset exhibited different error characteristics that were related to spatial resolution, sensitivities of the sensors, and reference frames. Canopies over 10 m were accurately predicted by all CHMs while the distributions of canopy height were best predicted by the VHR CHM. Depending on the guidelines and strategies needed for monitoring and verification activities, coarse resolution CHMs could be used to track canopy height at regional and global scales with finer resolution imagery used to validate and monitor critical areas undergoing rapid changes.
Classification and Segmentation of Satellite Orthoimagery Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Längkvist Martin , Kiselev Andrey , Alirezaie Marjan , Loutfi Amy
Published: April 2016

The availability of high-resolution remote sensing (HRRS) data has opened up the possibility for new interesting applications, such as per-pixel classification of individual objects in greater detail. This paper shows how a convolutional neural network (CNN) can be applied to multispectral orthoimagery and a digital surface model (DSM) of a small city for a full, fast and accurate per-pixel classification. The predicted low-level pixel classes are then used to improve the high-level segmentation. Various design choices of the CNN architecture are evaluated and analyzed. The investigated land area is fully manually labeled into five categories (vegetation, ground, roads, buildings and water), and the classification accuracy is compared to other per-pixel classification works on other land areas that have a similar choice of categories. The results of the full classification and segmentation on selected segments of the map show that CNNs are a viable tool for solving both the segmentation and object recognition task for remote sensing data.
An Alignment Method for the Integration of Underwater 3D Data Captured by a Stereovision System and an Acoustic Camera
Authors: Lagudi Antonio , Bianco Gianfranco , Muzzupappa Maurizio , Bruno Fabio
Published: April 2016

The integration of underwater 3D data captured by acoustic and optical systems is a promising technique in various applications such as mapping or vehicle navigation. It allows for compensating the drawbacks of the low resolution of acoustic sensors and the limitations of optical sensors in bad visibility conditions. Aligning these data is a challenging problem, as it is hard to make a point-to-point correspondence. This paper presents a multi-sensor registration for the automatic integration of 3D data acquired from a stereovision system and a 3D acoustic camera in close-range acquisition. An appropriate rig has been used in the laboratory tests to determine the relative position between the two sensor frames. The experimental results show that our alignment approach, based on the acquisition of a rig in several poses, can be adopted to estimate the rigid transformation between the two heterogeneous sensors. A first estimation of the unknown geometric transformation is obtained by a registration of the two 3D point clouds, but it ends up to be strongly affected by noise and data dispersion. A robust and optimal estimation is obtained by a statistical processing of the transformations computed for each pose. The effectiveness of the method has been demonstrated in this first experimentation of the proposed 3D opto-acoustic camera.
Spacecraft Angular Rates Estimation with Gyrowheel Based on Extended High Gain Observer
Authors: Liu Xiaokun , Yao Yu , Ma Kemao , Zhao Hui , He Fenghua
Published: April 2016

A gyrowheel (GW) is a kind of electronic electric-mechanical servo system, which can be applied to a spacecraft attitude control system (ACS) as both an actuator and a sensor simultaneously. In order to solve the problem of two-dimensional spacecraft angular rate sensing as a GW outputting three-dimensional control torque, this paper proposed a method of an extended high gain observer (EHGO) with the derived GW mathematical model to implement the spacecraft angular rate estimation when the GW rotor is working at large angles. For this purpose, the GW dynamic equation is firstly derived with the second kind Lagrange method, and the relationship between the measurable and unmeasurable variables is built. Then, the EHGO is designed to estimate and calculate spacecraft angular rates with the GW, and the stability of the designed EHGO is proven by the Lyapunov function. Moreover, considering the engineering application, the effect of measurement noise in the tilt angle sensors on the estimation accuracy of the EHGO is analyzed. Finally, the numerical simulation is performed to illustrate the validity of the method proposed in this paper.
Multi-Repeated Projection Lithography for High-Precision Linear Scale Based on Average Homogenization Effect
Authors: Ren Dongxu , Zhao Huiying , Zhang Chupeng , Yuan Daocheng , Xi Jianpu , Zhu Xueliang , Ban Xinxing , Dong Longchao , Gu Yawen , Jiang Chunye
Published: April 2016

A multi-repeated photolithography method for manufacturing an incremental linear scale using projection lithography is presented. The method is based on the average homogenization effect that periodically superposes the light intensity of different locations of pitches in the mask to make a consistent energy distribution at a specific wavelength, from which the accuracy of a linear scale can be improved precisely using the average pitch with different step distances. The method’s theoretical error is within 0.01 µm for a periodic mask with a 2-µm sine-wave error. The intensity error models in the focal plane include the rectangular grating error on the mask, static positioning error, and lithography lens focal plane alignment error, which affect pitch uniformity less than in the common linear scale projection lithography splicing process. It was analyzed and confirmed that increasing the repeat exposure number of a single stripe could improve accuracy, as could adjusting the exposure spacing to achieve a set proportion of black and white stripes. According to the experimental results, the effectiveness of the multi-repeated photolithography method is confirmed to easily realize a pitch accuracy of 43 nm in any 10 locations of 1 m, and the whole length accuracy of the linear scale is less than 1 µm/m.
Purification and Biochemical Characterisation of Rabbit Calicivirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases and Identification of Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors
Authors: Urakova Nadya , Netzler Natalie , Kelly Andrew , Frese Michael , White Peter , Strive Tanja
Published: April 2016

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is a calicivirus that causes acute infections in both domestic and wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The virus causes significant economic losses in rabbit farming and reduces wild rabbit populations. The recent emergence of RHDV variants capable of overcoming immunity to other strains emphasises the need to develop universally effective antivirals to enable quick responses during outbreaks until new vaccines become available. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a primary target for the development of such antiviral drugs. In this study, we used cell-free in vitro assays to examine the biochemical characteristics of two rabbit calicivirus RdRps and the effects of several antivirals that were previously identified as human norovirus RdRp inhibitors. The non-nucleoside inhibitor NIC02 was identified as a potential scaffold for further drug development against rabbit caliciviruses. Our experiments revealed an unusually high temperature optimum (between 40 and 45 °C) for RdRps derived from both a pathogenic and a non-pathogenic rabbit calicivirus, possibly demonstrating an adaptation to a host with a physiological body temperature of more than 38 °C. Interestingly, the in vitro polymerase activity of the non-pathogenic calicivirus RdRp was at least two times higher than that of the RdRp of the highly virulent RHDV.
Regulation of lncRNA and Its Role in Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Li Juan , Meng Hui , Bai Yun , Wang Kai
Published: April 2016

Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related death all over the world. Metastasis is a process by which cancer spreads from the place at which it first arose to distant locations in the body. It is well known that several steps are necessary for this process, including cancer cell
epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration, resistance to anoikis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanism of regulating cancer metastasis progress may provide helpful insights in the development of efficient diagnosis and therapeutic strategy.
Recent studies have indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cancer metastasis. lncRNAs are the nonprotein coding RNAs that have a size longer than 200 nucleotides. More and more studies have indicated that lncRNAs are involved in a broad range of biological processes
and are associated with many diseases, such as cancer. The role of lncRNAs in cancer metastasis has been widely studied; however, lncRNAs are mainly involved in the EMT process on the current literature. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the role of lncRNAs in cancer metastasis.
MicroRNA-20b Downregulates HIF-1α and Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Liu Ming , Wang Dan , Li Ning
Published: April 2016

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant primary bone tumor disease. HIF-1α was predicted to be the target gene of microRNA-20b (miR-20b). The present study was designed to illustrate the effect of miR-20b in regulating osteosarcoma via targeting HIF-1α. In this study, we found that the expression of HIF-1α was significantly increased, while miR-20b obviously decreased in OS patients and OS cell lines compared with healthy controls. Moreover, the luciferase report confirmed the targeting reaction between miR-20b and HIF-1α. Additionally, the overexpression of miR-20b suppressed the invasion and growth of both MG63 and U2OS cells, and inhibited the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF pathway proteins, while the inhibition of miR-20b led to the reverse results. Furthermore, the overexpression of HIF-1α affected the suppression effect of miR-20b in MG63 cells, indicating that miR-20b suppresses the tumor cell process via inhibiting the expression of HIF-1α. Taken together, our results suggest that the upregulation of miR-20b affects the expression of HIF-1α, downregulates the VEGF pathway proteins, and suppresses cell invasion and proliferation rate. These results provide a potential therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma.
Diradical reaction mechanisms in [3 + 2]-cycloadditions of hetaryl thioketones with alkyl- or trimethylsilyl-substituted diazomethanes
Authors: Mlostoń Grzegorz , Pipiak Paulina , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: April 2016

Reactions of dihetaryl and aryl/hetaryl thioketones with 2-diazopropane, diazoethane, and (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane were studied at variable temperature. The experiments showed that reactions with 2-diazopropane carried out at –75 °C occur mainly via the initially formed, relatively stable 1,3,4-thiadiazolines as products of the [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of the diazo dipole onto the C=S bond. The latter decompose only at higher temperature (ca. −40 °C) to generate thiocarbonyl S-isopropanide. In the absence of the starting thioketone, the corresponding thiiranes and/or ethene derivatives, formed from them via spontaneous desulfurization, are the main products. In contrast, reactions with diazoethane occurred predominantly via initially formed diradicals, which in cascade processes gave sterically crowded 4,4,5,5-tetrahetaryl-1,3-dithiolanes as major products. Finally, the reaction of dihetaryl thioketones with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane occur smoothly at −75 °C leading to the corresponding 4,4,5,5-tetrahetaryl-1,3-dithiolanes as the exclusive [3 + 2]-cycloadducts formed via a cascade of postulated diradicals. The presence of S or Se atoms in the hetaryl rings is of importance for stabilizing diradical intermediates. Remarkably, in no single case, the ‘head-to-head dimerization’ of aryl/hetaryl and dihetaryl substituted thiocarbonyl ylides was observed.
ANN-BASED DECISION MODEL FOR THE REUSE OF VACANT BUILDINGS IN URBAN AREAS
Authors: HSU Yin-Hao , JUAN Yi-Kai
Published: April 2016

Because of global urbanization and sustainable development trends, reusing vacant buildings is a crucial strategy employed in urban development and management. Reusing and adjusting the future service values of unused buildings to extend building life cycles is a sustainable approach that benefits society, the economy, and the environment. However, repurposed spaces are easily re-discarded because a comprehensive system and operational plan for assessing the effects of building reuse remains unestablished. The research framework adopted in this study was based on the seven factors of the AdaptSTAR model; assessment criteria for building reuse were then created. In addition, 62 types of reused building cases in Taiwan were investigated and a decision model for reuse type prediction and business strategy was constructed on the basis of artificial neural networks. The results indicated that the proposed decision model yielded a reuse type accuracy of 89% and a business strategy accuracy of 78%. This systematic approach can be adjusted according to local conditions and applied as an effective decision support tool.
MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING (MADM) BASED SCENARIOS
Authors: ZOLFANI Sarfaraz HASHEMKHANI , MAKNOON Reza
Published: April 2016

Decision making takes into account a myriad of factors about the future topics, which often prove challenging and quite complicated. Multiple Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) methods still have not become powerful enough to help decision makers to adopt the best solutions regarding future issues. Different scenarios are suitable for developing an appropriate outlook toward different probable futures. Scenarios are not inherently quantitative, but recently different integrated quantitative methods have been incorporated with the processes in various studies. Previously, different types of scenario-based MADM methods have been presented in different studies, but they just considered each case separately. In those studies, MADM methods were only applied to evaluate the situation in scenario-based MADM. This research concentrates on another paradigm in applying scenarios to upcoming events, MADM methods in the new area are explored, and the concept, which is called MADM based scenarios, is presented. In different situations and scenarios, different MADM models will happen. New concepts about most useful criterion and applicable alternatives are introduced in this new approach for decision-making about the future. In addition, a general framework is proposed for applying MADM-based scenarios for unpredictable scenarios and situations, which can be almost controlled future in practice.
Development of the life-cycle economic and environmental assessment model for establishing the optimal implementation strategy of the rooftop photovoltaic system
Authors: KOO Choongwan , HONG Taehoon , PARK Joonho
Published: April 2016

To maximize the life-cycle economic and environmental performance of the rooftop pho­tovoltaic (PV) system in real projects, it is necessary to consider several factors such as regional climate factors (i.e., geographical and meteorological factors) and building characteristics (i.e., on-site installation factors, rooftop area limit, and budget limit). Towards this end, this study aimed to develop the life-cycle economic and environmental assessment model for establishing the optimal implementation strategy of the rooftop PV system. The robustness and reliability of the developed model were evaluated in terms of two perspectives: (i) for the effectiveness of the optimal solution, the optimization results were generated by considering the regional climate factors and building characteristics. Namely, the results for SIR25 (saving to investment ratio at year 25), which was set at the optimization goal, were 2.540 (Busan, southern part of South Korea), 2.485 (Daejeon, central part of South Korea), and 2.266 (Seoul, northern part of South Korea), respectively; and (ii) for the efficient computation time, the time required for determining the optimal solution was only 27 seconds. The developed model can be used to easily and accurately assess the life-cycle economic and environmental performance of the rooftop PV system in the early design phase.
La dédicace, règle du jeu littéraire dans la bibliothèque de Michel Leiris
Authors: Diu Isabelle
Published: April 2016

À la mort de Michel Leiris, ses archives et sa bibliothèque littéraire ont été léguées à la Bibliothèque littéraire Jacques Doucet. Collection constituée passivement, par l’envoi de livres dédicacés, elle ne reflète pas tant les goûts littéraires de l’écrivain que la communauté lettrée dont il faisait partie. L’analyse de dédicaces que corrobore la correspondance adressée à Leiris montre la constitution d’une bibliothèque à partir d’affinités personnelles et de rencontres esthétiques, bien au-delà de l’affiliation à des courants littéraires ou à des écoles de pensée.
De la tachycardie au cœur qui chavire
Authors: Le François Béatrice
Published: April 2016

Le récit d’une séquence clinique d’une cure d’un patient somatisant, en état de névrose actuelle et de dépression essentielle, permet de suivre le trajet d’une resexualisation de la décharge indifférenciée de l’excitation dans des troubles du rythme cardiaque. La réintrication pulsionnelle liée à la fonction renarcissisante et réobjectalisante de l’analyste entraîne de nouvelles capacités de satisfactions masochistes.
Affects et affections cardiaques
Authors: Savvopoulos Savvas
Published: April 2016

Les traumatismes, les impasses pulsionnelles et relationnelles, et leurs conséquences négativantes dans la mentalisation du sujet, peuvent mener à un infarctus du myocarde procédant d’une occlusion des coronaires due à un spasme ou à une athéromatose. Le spasme pourrait être le résultat d’une régression psychosomatique chez un sujet jeune à fonctionnement mental incertain, souffrant de migraines avec aura. L’infarctus procédant d’une athéromatose chez les jeunes coronariens peut résulter d’un processus de désorganisation progressive.
Changement et engagement dans une stratégie RSE le cas des établissements sociaux et médico-sociaux français
Authors: Bertezene Sandra , Vallat David
Published: April 2016

Depuis la loi du 2 janvier 2002 rendant obligatoire la mise en œuvre de démarches d’amélioration continue de la qualité au sein des établissements et services, le secteur social et médico-social se familiarise peu à peu avec les démarches de changement. Le concept de Responsabilité Sociale des Etablissements (RSE) et des services vient enrichir le processus qualité en écoutant et en s’adressant à toutes les parties prenantes de manière à répondre à leurs attentes en termes économiques, écologiques, sociaux et sociétaux sans se limiter aux personnes accueillies. La mission même du secteur semble toute entière tournée vers l’esprit de la RSE. Dans ce contexte, cette recherche exploratoire a pour ambition d’identifier les représentations que se font les cadres et dirigeants d’établissements et services sociaux et médico-sociaux des leviers qui poussent à mettre en œuvre une stratégie RSE. Pour répondre à cet objectif, l’article fait d’abord le point sur les caractéristiques du secteur social et médico-social, les fondements de la RSE et les stratégies qui permettent de l’opérationnaliser, mais également sur les leviers et les freins déjà identifiés par la littérature dans l’ensemble des secteurs d’activité, y compris dans le secteur social et médico-social. L’article présente ensuite la méthodologie de recueil et d’analyse des données qualitatives (auprès de 10 cadres et dirigeants d’établissements). La cartographie dressée complète la littérature en faisant émerger dix leviers favorisant l’engagement des établissements sociaux et médico-sociaux dans une stratégie RSE, tout en leur donnant une véritable dynamique en les hiérarchisant et en montrant les liens qui les unissent. Les résultats sont présentés, analysés et discutés dans une dernière partie de manière à comprendre dans quelle mesure la RSE peut être, à terme, un vecteur du changement organisationnel dans les organisations du secteur social et médico-social.
Isolation and characterisation of enzymatic zearalenone hydrolysis reaction products
Authors: Vekiru E. , Fruhauf S. , Hametner C. , Schatzmayr G. , Krska R. , Moll W.D. , Schuhmacher R.
Published: April 2016

Zearalenone (ZEA) is an oestrogenic mycotoxin produced by severalFusarium species, and it frequently contaminates cereals used for food or animal feed. A ZEA-lactonase ofGliocladium roseum was previously described to hydrolyse ZEA to an unstable intermediate, which spontaneously decarboxylates to non-oestrogenic, decarboxylated hydrolysed ZEA (DHZEN). We expressed a codon-optimised version of the ZEA-lactonase (ZHD101) gene ofG. roseum MA 918 with a secretion leader inPichia pastoris and purified the recombinant enzyme from culture supernatant by His-tag mediated affinity chromatography. After incubation of the enzyme with ZEA, we detected the previously elusive primary reaction product hydrolysed ZEA (HZEN) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, purified it by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and confirmed its postulated structure ((E)-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(10-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-undecen-1-yl)benzoic acid) by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Spontaneous decarboxylation to DHZEN ((E)-1-(3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-10-hydroxy-1-undecen-6-one), but not to a previously reported isomer, was observed. Biomass resuspensions ofG. roseum strains MA 918 and the strains used for previous work, NBRC 7063 and ATCC 8684, all converted ZEA to HZEN, DHZEN, and further unknown metabolites. We studied partitioning of HZEN and DHZEN between aqueous phases and organic solvents, and found that HZEN did not partition into chloroform as extraction solvent, under the conditions used by previous authors. In contrast, extraction with ethyl acetate at pH 2.0 was suitable for simultaneous extraction of HZEN and DHZEN. The detection of HZEN and its availability as an analytical standard may assist further work towards possible application of ZEA-lactonase (e.g. determining kinetic parameters) for detoxification of ZEA.
Trend and Development in Laser Surface Modification for Enhanced Materials Properties
Authors: Amuda Muhammed Olawale Hakeem , Akinlabi Esther Titilayo
Published: April 2016

This article presents a process review of the commonly available laser surface modification techniques for surface property enhancement. This is reinforced with the specific case treatment of research trends in relation to commonly treated materials. The progression from simple surface modification to the production of components with multifunctional characteristics known as functionally graded material is discussed in combination with emerging research focus on the computational simulation of laser surface modification for optimization of process dynamics.
Aberrant Inflammasome Activation Characterizes Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Tan Hong Yien , Yong Yean Kong , Shankar Esaki M. , Paukovics Geza , Ellegård Rada , Larsson Marie , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , French Martyn A. , Crowe Suzanne M.
Published: April 2016

Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) complicates combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in up to 25% of patients with HIV/TB coinfection. Monocytes and IL-18, a signature cytokine of inflammasome activation, are implicated in TB-IRIS pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated inflammasome activation both pre- and post-cART in TB-IRIS patients. HIV/TB patients exhibited higher proportions of monocytes expressing activated caspase-1 (casp1) pre-cART, compared with HIV patients without TB, and patients who developed TB-IRIS exhibited the greatest increase in casp1 expression. CD64+ monocytes were a marker of increased casp1 expression. Furthermore, IL-1β, another marker of inflammasome activation, was also elevated during TB-IRIS. TB-IRIS patients also exhibited greater upregulation of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome mRNA, compared with controls. Analysis of plasma mitochondrial DNA levels showed that TB-IRIS patients experienced greater cell death, especially pre-cART. Plasma NO levels were lower both pre- and post-cART in TB-IRIS patients, providing evidence of inadequate inflammasome regulation. Plasma IL-18 levels pre-cART correlated inversely with NO levels but positively with monocyte casp1 expression and mitochondrial DNA levels, and expression of IL-18Rα on CD4+ T cells and NK cells was higher in TB-IRIS patients, providing evidence that IL-18 is a marker of inflammasome activation. We propose that inflammasome activation in monocytes/macrophages of HIV/TB patients increases with ineffective T cell–dependent activation of monocytes/macrophages, priming them for an excessive inflammatory response after cART is commenced, which is greatest in patients with TB-IRIS.
Regulatory IgDhi B Cells Suppress T Cell Function via IL-10 and PD-L1 during Progressive Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Schaut Robert G. , Lamb Ian M. , Toepp Angela J. , Scott Benjamin , Mendes-Aguiar Carolina O. , Coutinho Jose F. V. , Jeronimo Selma M. B. , Wilson Mary E. , Harty John T. , Waldschmidt Thomas J. , Petersen Christine A.
Published: April 2016

During visceral leishmaniasis (VL), Th1-based inflammation is induced to control intracellular parasites. Inflammation-based pathology was shown to be dampened by IL-10 and eventual programmed death 1–mediated T cell exhaustion. Cell type(s) responsible for the initiation of T cell–produced IL-10 during VL are unknown. CD19+, CD5−, CD1d−, IgDhi regulatory B cells from healthy controls produced IL-10 in the absence of infection or stimulation, in contrast to IgDlo/neg B cells. IgDhi B cells may have a de novo versus induced regulatory program. The population of IgDhi B cells increased 3-fold as VL progressed. B cells from VL dogs were necessary and sufficient to suppress Th1 cell effector function. IgDhi B cells induced IL-10 production by T cells and IgDlo B cells. Blockage of B cell–specific PD-L1 restored Th1 responses. IgDhi regulatory B cells represent a novel regulatory B cell that may precipitate T cell exhaustion during VL.
Article Commentary: The Need for Higher Minimum Staffing Standards in U.S. Nursing Homes
Authors: Harrington Charlene , Schnelle John F. , McGregor Margaret , Simmons Sandra F.
Published: April 2016

Many U.S. nursing homes have serious quality problems, in part, because of inadequate levels of nurse staffing. This commentary focuses on two issues. First, there is a need for higher minimum nurse staffing standards for U.S. nursing homes based on multiple research studies showing a positive relationship between nursing home quality and staffing and the benefits of implementing higher minimum staffing standards. Studies have identified the minimum staffing levels necessary to provide care consistent with the federal regulations, but many U.S. facilities have dangerously low staffing. Second, the barriers to staffing reform are discussed. These include economic concerns about costs and a focus on financial incentives. The enforcement of existing staffing standards has been weak, and strong nursing home industry political opposition has limited efforts to establish higher standards. Researchers should study the ways to improve staffing standards and new payment, regulatory, and political strategies to improve nursing home staffing and quality.
Semi-classical Asymptotics for the Schrödinger Operator with Oscillating Decaying Potential
Authors: Dimassi Mouez
Published: April 2016

We study the distribution of the discrete spectrumof the Schrödinger operator perturbed by a fast oscillating decaying potential depending on a small parameter h.
Асимптотика диспергирующих волн в спиральной структуре
Authors: Kiselev Vladimir Valer'evich
Published: April 2016

В рамках интегрируемой модели sine-Гордон в спиральных структурах магнетиков исследовано поведение при больших временах слабонелинейного диспергирующего волнового поля, порожденного пространственнолокализованным начальным возмущением структуры. Применяемый метод основан на прямом асимптотическом анализе соответствующей матричной задачи Римана на торе.
De cómo acabar la iglesia de la Colonia Güell obra de Antoni Gaudí
Authors: González José Luis , González Antoni , Casals Albert
Published: April 2016

La conservación de una obra inacabada de Gaudí esconde un complejo panorama de implicaciones históricas, psicológicas, estructurales y funcionales que se añaden al mito que rodea la obra del maestro catalán. El artículo profundiza en el concepto del templo, presenta unas primeras reflexiones y plantea un proyecto de intervención que renuncia en todo momento a la continuación y la recreación de la obra de Gaudí, sin eludir el difícil problema de la permanencia definitiva de la obra inacabada.
Una plaza para una Catedral. Concurso de remodelación de la Plaza de la Reina. Valencia
Authors: Noguera Juan Francisco
Published: April 2016

La restauración de un monumento y la adecuación de su entorno urbano no suelen ir, lamentablemente, acompañadas. La oportunidad de dotar de un espacio público apropiado a la restaurada puerta del Miguelete de la catedral de Valencia se ha presentado como consecuencia del concurso para la remodelación de la plaza de la Reina, promovido por el Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de la Comunidad Valenciana con la colaboración del Ayuntamiento. Éste último tiene el poder de decisión de realizar el primer premio y acabar con una larga y controvertida historia.
Vertical wind retrieved by airborne lidar and analysis of island induced gravity waves in combination with numerical models and in situ particle measurements
Authors: Chouza Fernando , Reitebuch Oliver , Jähn Michael , Rahm Stephan , Weinzierl Bernadett
Published: April 2016

Abstract. This study presents the analysis of island induced gravity waves observed by an airborne Doppler wind lidar (DWL) during SALTRACE. First, the instrumental corrections required for the retrieval of high spatial resolution vertical wind measurements from an airborne DWL are presented and the measurement accuracy estimated by means of two different methods. The estimated systematic error is below −0.05 m s−1 for the selected case of study, while the random error lies between 0.1 and 0.16 m s−1 depending on the estimation method. Then, the presented method is applied to two measurement flights during which the presence of island induced gravity waves was detected. The first case corresponds to a research flight conducted on 17 June 2013 in the Cabo Verde islands region, while the second case corresponds to a measurement flight on 26 June 2013 in the Barbados region. The presence of trapped lee waves predicted by the calculated Scorer parameter profiles was confirmed by the lidar and in situ observations. The DWL measurements are used in combination with in situ wind and particle number density measurements, large-eddy simulations (LES), and wavelet analysis to determine the main characteristics of the observed island induced trapped waves.
A comprehensive estimate for loss of atmospheric carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to the ocean
Authors: Butler J. H. , Yvon-Lewis S. A. , Lobert J. M. , King D. B. , Montzka S. A. , Bullister J. L. , Koropalov V. , Elkins J. W. , Hall B. D. , Hu L. , Liu Y.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Abstract. Extensive undersaturations of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Pacific, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean surface waters indicate that atmospheric CCl4 is consumed in large amounts by the ocean. Observations made on 16 research cruises between 1987 and 2010, ranging in latitude from 60° N to 77° S, show that negative saturations extend over most of the surface ocean. Corrected for physical effects associated with radiative heat flux, mixing, and air injection, these anomalies were commonly of the order of −5 % to −10 %, with no clear relationship with temperature, productivity, or other gross surface water characteristics other than being more negative in association with upwelling. The atmospheric flux required to sustain these undersaturations is 11 (7–14) Gg y−1, a loss rate implying a partial atmospheric lifetime with respect to the oceanic loss of 209 (157–313) y and that ~ 16 (10–21) % of atmospheric CCl4 is lost to the ocean. Although CCl4 hydrolyses in seawater, published hydrolysis rates for this gas are too slow to support such large undersaturations, given our current understanding of air–sea gas exchange rates. The even larger undersaturations in intermediate depth waters associated with reduced oxygen levels, observed in this study and by other investigators, strongly suggest that CCl4 is ubiquitously consumed at mid-depth, presumably by microbiota. Although this subsurface sink creates a gradient that drives a downward flux of CCl4, the gradient alone is not sufficient to explain the observed surface undersaturations. Since known chemical losses are likewise insufficient to sustain the observed undersaturations, this suggests a possible biological sink for CCl4 also in surface or near-surface waters of the ocean.
Technical note: Application of artificial neural networks in groundwater table forecasting – a case study in a Singapore swamp forest
Authors: Sun Yabin , Wendi Dadiyorto , Kim Dong Eon , Liong Shie-Yui
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Accurate prediction of groundwater table is important for the efficient management of groundwater resources. Despite being the most widely used tools for depicting the hydrological regime, numerical models suffer from formidable constraints, such as extensive data demanding, high computational cost, and inevitable parameter uncertainty. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), in contrast, can make predictions on the basis of more easily accessible variables, rather than requiring explicit characterization of the physical systems and prior knowledge of the physical parameters. This study applies ANN to predict the groundwater table in a freshwater swamp forest of Singapore. The inputs to the network are solely the surrounding reservoir levels and rainfall. The results reveal that ANN is able to produce an accurate forecast with a leading time of 1 day, whereas the performance decreases when leading time increases to 3 and 7 days.
Reflections on a dialogic pedagogy inspired by the writings of Bakhtin: an account of the experience of two professors working together in the classroom
Authors: Lima Anselmo , Von Duyke Katherine
Published: April 2016

The practice of a dialogic pedagogy inspired by the writings of Bakhtin is increasingly popular in different parts of the world. This article is an account produced in the spirit of such pedagogy. Two professors (one from Brazil, the other from the United States), both members of an international dialogic pedagogy study group, write together to discuss the work they developed in partnership under this educational paradigm when teaching a course on “Diversity in secondary education” in the School of Education of the College of Education and Human Development of the University of Delaware, USA. After presenting brief introductory information on who they are, how they met and how they happened to work together, the two scholars present classroom interaction data followed by reflections on to what extent certain forms of classroom interaction they identified in the data promote or inhibit the practice of a truly Bakhtinian Dialogic Pedagogy. In other words, what the readers will find in this article is not a traditional empirical study, but a telling case of two educators learning from one another about what counts as dialogic in the classroom, while at the same time using the aforementioned course as an anchor for multiple discussions.
Balancing Choice and Control in the Classroom: Reflections on Decades of Post-Doctoral Teaching
Authors: Owusu-Ansah Anthony
Published: April 2016

One of the problems instructors face is not only the amount of choice they have to give to their students, but also, the levels of control they can exert in their classrooms. A proper balance between control and choice in the college classroom offers a path for instructors to handle their curriculum and instructional practices effectively and ensure active learning. This paper reflects on the dilemma facing instructors as they continue to find ways to promote engagement as well as maintain their roles as individuals with a responsibility for student learning in a transformed college classroom.