bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymmetrical update of beliefs about future outcomes is driven by outcome valence and social group membership
Authors: Dricu Mihai , Bührer Stephanie , Moser Dominik Andreas , Aue Tatjana
Published: September 2021

People are eager to update their beliefs, such as a perceived risk, if they receive information that is better than expected but are reluctant to do so when the evidence is unfavourable. When estimating the likelihood of future outcomes, this phenomenon of asymmetrical belief update helps generate and maintain personal optimism bias. In this study, we investigated whether asymmetrical belief update also extends to estimating the future of other individuals. Specifically, we prompted respondents to assess the perceived likelihood of three social targets experiencing future positive and negative events: an in-group, a mild out-group and an extreme out-group. We then provided the respondents with feedback about the base rates of those events in the general population and prompted them to re-assess their initial estimates for all social targets. Respondents expected more positive than negative outcomes for the in-group and the mild out-group, but more negative outcomes for the extreme out-group. We also found an asymmetrical update of beliefs contingent on the valence of the future event and the social target. For negative outcomes, respondents updated more following good news than bad news, particularly for the mild out-group. For positive outcomes, respondents equally updated their beliefs following good news and bad news for the in-group and the mild out-group. However, they updated their beliefs significantly more following bad news than good news for the extreme out-group member. Our data thus reveal the strong and robust influence of social stereotypes on future expectancies for others.
DANCE THERAPY DAPAT DIIMPLEMENTASIKAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI TIK TOK
Authors: Hapsari Skolastika
Published: September 2021

Dance Therapy adalah penggunaan tarian dan gerakan sebagai alat psikoterapi (penyembuhan). Tari memungkinkan seseorang secara kognitif memproses dan mengatasi peristiwa menakutkan, merasakan fisiknya sendiri, menganalisis masalah, menemukan solusi konstruktif untuk kehidupan sehari-hari, dan meningkatkan citra tubuh serta harga diri seseorang. Penelitian terbaru melaporkan bahwa orang dengan pengalaman isolasi dan karantina memiliki perubahan signifikan pada tingkat kecemasan, kemarahan, kebingungan, dan stres. Masyarakat di luar tempat karantina mengalami ketakutan tertular karena pengetahuan tentang Covid-19 yang terbatas. Pada saat ini platform penyedia pembuatan video sangat banyak dan dapat digunakan masyarakat untuk meningkat kesejahteraan diri dan mengatasi stres yang dialami. Tik tok merupakan atau jaringan media sosial yang digunakan oleh penggunanya untuk membuat video pendek dengan durasi maksimal 60 detik. Dengan Aplikasi Tik tok Pengguna dapat melakukan berbagai ekspresi, gaya, gerakan maupun tarian dengan backsound musik yang sudah tersedia Tik tok atau membuatnya sendiri sesuai dengan kreativitas pengguna.
Instructor-learner body coupling reflects instruction and learning
Authors: Pan Yafeng , Dikker Suzanne , Zhu Yi , Yang Cuirong , Hu Yi , Goldstein Pavel
Published: September 2021

It is widely accepted that nonverbal communication is crucial for learning, but the exact functions of interpersonal coordination between instructors and learners remain unclear. Specifically, it is unknown what role instructional approaches play in the coupling of physical motion between instructors and learners, and crucially, how such instruction-mediated Body-to-Body Coupling (BtBC) might affect learning. We used a video-based, computer-vision Motion Energy Analysis (MEA) to quantify BtBC between learners and instructors who used two different instructional approaches to teach psychological concepts. BtBC was significantly greater when the instructor employed a scaffolding approach than when an explanation approach was used. The importance of instructional approach was further underscored by the fact that an increase in motion in the instructor was associated with boosted BtBC, but only during scaffolding; no such relationship between the instructor movements and BtBC was found during explanation interactions. Finally, leveraging machine learning approaches (i.e., support vector and logistic regression models), we demonstrated that both learning outcome and instructional approaches could be decoded based on BtBC. Collectively, these results show that the real-time interaction of teaching and learning bodies is important for learning and that instructional approach matters, with possible implications for both in-person and online learning.
Recommendations for improving causal inference of mediation analysis
Authors: Loh Wen Wei , Ren Dongning
Published: September 2021

Mediation analysis is an indispensable tool for investigating how a treatment causally affects an outcome via intermediate variables. Recently, there have been increased concerns about the validity of causal inferences in conclusions drawn using mediation analysis. However, the discussions are limited to a single mediator, and importantly, there is a lack of guidelines on substantiating causal inferences. In this article, we first provide a thorough examination of the causal assumptions underpinning mediation analysis. We pay particular attention to the practice of exploring mediated effects along various paths linking several mediators and the stringent -- yet often overlooked -- assumptions that predicate valid inference. To mitigate the risk of invalid inference, we introduce an alternative approach focusing on mediator-specific indirect effects. An appealing feature of this approach is that valid causal inference of mediation analysis with multiple mediators does not necessitate assuming a (correct) causal structure among the mediators. Finally, we provide a practical guide to improve the research practice of mediation analysis. We clarify when mediation analysis is (in)appropriate; when appropriate, we recommend that researchers preregister (i) justifications of the asserted causal relations in their mediation analysis, (ii) pre-treatment confounders, and (iii) the either path- or mediator-specific indirect effects to be investigated. Confounding adjustment when estimating the preregistered indirect effects and sensitivity analyses for unmeasured confounding can fortify causal inferences in the conclusions. We hope this article will encourage explication, justification, and reflection of the causal assumptions underpinning mediation analysis to improve the validity of causal inferences in psychology research.
Sex differences and Modifiable Dementia Risk Factors Synergistically Influence Memory over the Adult Lifespan
Authors: LaPlume Annalise Aleta , Mcketton Larissa , Levine Brian , Anderson Nicole D. , Troyer Angela K.
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION: More women than men develop Alzheimer’s disease, yet women show less age-related episodic memory decline, a contradiction that may be accounted for by modifiable risk factors for dementia. METHODS: Associations between sex, modifiable dementia risk factors, and cognition were measured in a cross-sectional online sample (n = 21,840, ages 18-89). RESULTS: Across four tests of associative memory and executive functions, only a Face-Name Association task revealed sex differences in age-related decline. Men had worse associative memory than women (the equivalent of four years of aging). Each additional risk factor had the equivalent of three and a half years of aging. Men had greater age-related decline in associative memory than women among those with no to one risk factors, but multiple risk factors eliminated the female advantage. DISCUSSION: Because the relationship between dementia risk factors and age-related memory decline differs for men and women, sex-specific dementia prevention approaches are warranted.
Teaching Behavior Analysis in Brazil: An examination of syllabus in undergraduate courses
Authors: Ramos Anna Carolina , Gusso Helder , Archer Aline Battisti , de Oliveira Caio Medeiros , de Melo Cardoso Gabriel , Nercolini Valentina Pittol , Bitencourt Thalia Rosa
Published: September 2021

The aim of this research was to examine the teaching of Behavior Analysis (BA) in undergraduate Psychology courses in Brazil. For this purpose, syllabus of course units related to BA, provided by federal universities with Psychology courses or higher education institutions that had postgraduate programs in the area, were examined. 82 course units related to BA were identified in the 52 undergraduate courses examined (average of 1.6). The results indicated that the average class hours of the BA course units (116h) represents a small portion (2.9%) of the minimum class hours of the undergraduate courses in Psychology (4,000h). Regarding the syllabus description items, an emphasis on basic concepts and the experimental method was identified. In relation to learning objectives, a high frequency of "false learning objectives" was identified. These results reaffirm long-standing concerns about the limited access to BA in undergraduate Psychology courses.
A lifespan perspective of cognitive control involvement during language comprehension
Authors: El Bouzaïdi Tiali Samuel , Perrone-Bertolotti Marcela
Published: September 2021

A fundamental question is whether language comprehension involves specific cognitive mechanisms to decode linguistic information, or whether language comprehension occurs through the interaction with other specialized cognitive systems. Accumulated behavioral and neuroimaging evidence suggests that, in several situations, the language system interacts with the executive control system. In the same time as brain maturation and learning, language comprehension and cognitive control abilities are changing through the different periods of life. In this article, we review behavioral, neuroimaging and neuropsychological evidences of a close relationship between language comprehension and cognitive control with a lifespan approach. Most evidence proposed in this article are in monolingual populations but a consideration of the specific case of bilingualism is made. We propose that a better specification and comprehension of the interaction between language and cognitive control abilities could improve understanding of language mechanisms and its deficits and also open new avenues to develop better rehabilitation programs.
A comparison of distributed machine learning methods for the support of "Many Labs" collaborations in computational modelling of decision making
Authors: Zhang lili , Vashisht Himanshu , Totev Andrey , Trinh Nam , Ward Tomas
Published: September 2021

Deep learning models, especially RNN models, are potentially powerful tools for representing the complex learning processes and decision-making strategies used by humans. Such neural network models make fewer assumptions about the underlying mechanisms thus providing experimental flexibility in terms of applicability. However this comes at the cost of requiring a larger number of tunable parameters requiring significantly more training and representative data for effective learning. This presents practical challenges given that most computational modelling experiments involve relatively small numbers of subjects, which while adequate for conventional modelling using low dimensional parameter spaces, leads to sub-optimal model training when adopting deeper neural network approaches. Laboratory collaboration is a natural way of increasing data availability however, data sharing barriers among laboratories as necessitated by data protection regulations encourage us to seek alternative methods for collaborative data science. Distributed learning, especially federated learning, which supports the preservation of data privacy, is a promising method for addressing this issue. To verify the reliability and feasibility of applying federated learning to train neural networks models used in the characterisation of human decision making, we conducted experiments on a real-world, many-labs data pool including experimentally significant data-sets from ten independent studies. The performance of single models that were trained on single laboratory data-sets was poor, especially those with small numbers of subjects. This unsurprising finding supports the need for larger and more diverse data-sets to train more generalised and reliable models. To that end we evaluated four collaborative approaches for comparison purposes. The first approach represents conventional centralized data sharing (CL-based) and is the optimal approach but requires complete sharing of data which we wish to avoid. The results however establish a benchmark for the other three distributed approaches; federated learning (FL-based), incremental learning (IL-based), and cyclic incremental learning (CIL-based). We evaluate these approaches in terms of prediction accuracy and capacity to characterise human decision-making strategies in the context of the computational modelling experiments considered here. The results demonstrate that the FL-based model achieves performance most comparable to that of a centralized data sharing approach. This demonstrate that federated learning has value in scaling data science methods to data collected in computational modelling contexts in circumstances where data sharing is not convenient, practical or permissible.
The effect of laxative use in length of hospital stay and complication rate in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery within an ERAS setting
Authors: Petropoulou Thalia , Tokidis Evripidis , Theodoraki Kassiani
Published: September 2021

N.A.
Evaluation of some plant extracts for nemato-toxic potential against juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita in vitro
Authors: Akhter Gulwaiz , Khan Tabreiz Ahmad
Published: September 2021

Aqueous leaf extracts were utilized to assess the nematicidal or nematostatic property on second stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita. The juvenile were incubate at various concentration of leaf extract viz., 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm. Corrected mortality using Abbot’s formula was recorded after 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively. Correlation coefficient (Pearson) was checked to explain the association between percentages mortality of juvenile with extract concentrations. Linear regression was used to denote concentration and rank dependent outcome of four aqueous plant leaves extracts on the second stage juvenile (J2) mortality. All leaf extracts were found to be nematicidal or nematostatic in property. Maximum juvenile mortality rate was recorded in Xanthium strumarium throughout the incubation period as followed by Acalypha indica, Argemone mexicana and Colocasia gigantean. Concentration depended effect of X. strumarium and C. gigantean proved maximum and minimum level when analyzed by values of regression and correlation. Aqueous leaves extracts of these aforementioned weeds give us an idea about nematicidal properties and therefore may be used as biopesticide in future.
Physicochemical, Phytochemical and Pharmacognostic study of Limonium stocksii, a halophyte from Gujarat
Authors: Kanakiya A , Padalia H , Pande J , Chanda S
Published: September 2021

The halophyte Limonium stocksii (Boiss) Kuntze belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae. In the present work, pharmacognostic studies of this medicinal halophyte was attempted which included physicochemical, phytochemical, macroscopic, microscopic studies and organoleptic evaluation. The plant powder characteristics were also elucidated. The physicochemical analyses were done by using WHO recommended parameters such as loss on drying, ash values (total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, sulphated ash, carbonated ash, nitrated ash), extractive values. The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, steroids and coumarins in maximum amount in crude as well as in various solvent extracts. The morphological studies exhibited the organoleptic and surface characteristics of the plant and its parts. The microscopic study showed the presence of various characteristics of whole plant like palisade tissue, metaxylem, protoxylem, phloem showed companion cells, bicollateral type of vascular bundles, parenchyma, rosette calcium oxalate crystals and paracytic stomata. The pharmacognostic characters enlisted in this study will help in identification of the crude drug; the standardization parameters laid down will ensure the efficacy of drug and also distinguish the drug from its adulterants. The distinguishing characters will also be helpful for the preparation of monograph of this halophytic plant.
Toxicological assessment of the methanolic leaf extract of Bridelia ferrugelia
Authors: Owoade Abiodun Olusoji , Adetutu Adewale , Airaodion Augustine Ikhueoya , Ogundipe Olufemi Ogundeji
Published: September 2021

This study evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity effects of Bridelia ferrugelia leaf extract. Observation of the acute group showed that LD50 of the extract is greater than 2000 mg/kg. The subacute investigation was determined by administering 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of the methanolic leaf extract to male Wistar rats for 28 days with distilled water as a control. Haematological and biochemical parameters, as well as lipid levels of vital organs, were examined. Toxicological evaluation of the extract did not produce any significant change in haematological and biochemical parameters in rats. In addition, blood lipids levels were not significantly affected, while dyslipidaemia effect observed in some vital organs were found to be nonlipotoxic. Administration of Bridelia ferrugelia at a dose of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg for 28 days resulted in reduction of cardiac cholesterol level by 37.16%, 39.36% and 17.64% respectively, reduction of pulmonary cholesterol by 22.17%, 28.08% and 6.24 % respectively and dose-dependent decrease in pulmonary triglyceride level by 16.17, 29.14 and 54.25% respectively. This study indicates that Bridelia ferrugelia extract administered at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg did not show any toxic effect on the parameters investigated in rats. Thus, the extract can be considered safe when administered orally.
Until the End of Time: Mind, Matter, and Our Search for Meaning in an Evolving Universe by Brian Greene
Authors: Williams III George Robert
Published: September 2021

Brian Greene’s Until the End of Time: Mind, Matter, and Our Search for Meaning in an Evolving Universe, as the title suggests, is an ambitious work.  Greene takes the reader on a vast tour which begins with the birth of the universe and ends with its (likely) dissolution.  The staggering timescale that Greene considers here is perhaps unique among science books aimed at a wide audience.  And Greene uses the backdrop of the universe’s emergence and demise as an effective platform to explore human meaning in a relatively wide range of inquiry.  These subjects include consciousness, religion, language, and the arts.  It appears significant for Greene that these, as important as they are, all play out in a relatively brief time in the context of the evolution and demise of the universe.  At the end of the day, Greene submits that life is likely ephemeral.  He provides a quote from Nabokov that characterizes human life as a “brief crack of light between two eternities of darkness.” (p.13)
Divine Mania: Alteration of Consciousness in Ancient Greece by Yulia Ustinova
Authors: Grosso Michael
Published: September 2021

What role did altered states of consciousness play in the life of ancient Greek society?  With consummate skill and scholarship, Yulia Ustinova answers this question in her book, Divine Mania: Alteration of Consciousness in Ancient Greece. It appears that the secret of the extraordinary creativity of the ancient Greeks was their receptivity to, and approval of, a particular altered state of consciousness they cultivated.  Mania is the name for this but it must be qualified as “god-given.” Mania is a word that touches on a cluster of concepts: madness, ecstasy, and enthusiasm, engoddedness, to use Ustinova’s more vivid coinage. It seems a paradox that this special, strange and often quite frightening state of dissociation should be so closely linked to one of the most creative civilizations.  Unlike the Roman and Egyptian, the Greek approved and recognized the value of god-inspired mania. Plato makes Socrates say in the Phaedrus that through mania we may obtain the “greatest blessings.” Whereas resistance to divine ecstasy can end in disaster, as Euripides illustrates in The Bacchants when Pentheus, a repressive authoritarian, tries to inhibit a posse of women from their ecstatic mountain dances. He is torn to shreds by his mother and her maniacal cohorts.   This mindset of the ancient Greeks may have long ago petered out, but similar tendencies are constants, expressed in one form or another, throughout history.
Alejandro Parra and Dante’s Eighth Circle of Hell
Authors: Cardeña Etzel
Published: September 2021

None, as it is a short commentary, but if you need one, here it is.

This commentary places Alejandro Parra's very long list of plagiarisms and data missrepresentations within the context of Dante's classification of human foibles. The responses from two Argentinean universities are described, along with continuing examples of Parra's misrepresentations.
Parra and the Journal of Scientific Exploration
Authors: Braude Stephen
Published: September 2021

Michael Nahm’s report in this issue of the JSE deftly presents many of the scholarly offenses perpetrated by Alejandro Parra. Some of those not mentioned had to do with Parra’s submissions to the JSE, and I feel it’s important to add those to the record.

JSE published a retraction notice earlier this year (Volume 35, Issue 1) and provided examples of Parra’s plagiarism. Moreover, the Journal rejected another paper in which we found substantial plagiarism. But Parra’s boldest effort was his submission, under his own name, of a paper by an Argentinian author, Anna Conforte—in fact, a paper Parra published in his own newsletter. But Parra never indicated that the paper was written by someone else. Several people independently and carefully compared the English submission to the original Spanish. All agreed that Parra apparently simply auto-translated the paper to clumsy English and presented it as his own work.
Qualitative Research in Veterinary Medical Education: Part 2—Carrying Out Research Projects
Authors: King Eva , Scholz Emma C. , Matthew Susan M. , Mossop Liz H. , Cobb Kate A. , Norman Elizabeth J. , Schull Daniel N.
Published: September 2021

This is the second of two articles that together comprise an orientation and introduction to qualitative research for veterinary medical educators who may be new to research, or for those whose research experience is based on the quantitative traditions of biomedicine. In the first article ( Part 1—Principles of Qualitative Design), we explored the types of research interests and goals suited to qualitative inquiry and introduced the concepts of research paradigms and methodologies. In this second article, we move to the strategies and actions involved in conducting a qualitative study, including selection and sampling of research sites and participants, data collection and analysis. We introduce some guidelines for reporting qualitative research and explore the ways in which qualitative research is evaluated and the findings applied. Throughout, we provide illustrative examples from veterinary and human medical education and suggest useful resources for further reading. Taken together, the two articles build an understanding of qualitative research, outline how it may be conducted, and equip readers with an improved capacity to appraise its value.
Hernia femoral encarcelada con contenido de ovario
Authors: Rondón-Tapia Martha
Published: September 2021

Las hernias femorales representan menos del 10% de las hernias inguinales; aparecen principalmente en mujeres adultas y tienen una mayor tasa de complicaciones asociadas al encarcelamiento comparadas con otras hernias abdominales. El contenido más frecuente en el interior del saco herniario son las asas intestinales, grasa preperitoneal y epiplón. Otras estructuras abdominales, como apéndice, vejiga, divertículo de Meckel, testículos ectópicos y estómago, son extremadamente raros. El útero, el ovario y las trompas de Falopio rara vez están presentes en una hernia inguinal. La hernia femoral encarcelada con ovario como contenido es una condición extremadamente rara en mujeres en la edad adulta. La mayoría de los casos ocurren en niñas y con frecuencia se asocian con defectos congénitos de los genitales. El diagnóstico preoperatorio para establecer el contenido de la hernia puede ser difícil, pero la ecografía convencional puede ser útil para identificar las características del contenido. El tratamiento tradicional es la reparación abierta. Pero, la cirugía laparoscópica permite confirmar el diagnóstico y evaluar la posibilidad de modificaciones isquémicas en el contenido del saco herniario. Se presenta un caso de hernia femoral encarcelada con contenido de ovario.
Diagnóstico prenatal del complejo onfalocele – extrofia cloacal – ano imperforado y defecto de la columna vertebral (Complejo OEIS)
Authors: Torres-Cepeda Duly
Published: September 2021

El complejo onfalocele, extrofia de la cloaca, ano imperforado y anomalías de la columna vertebral (Complejo OEIS) es una combinación de malformaciones congénitas severas y extremadamente raras. Su incidencia estimada de 1 por cada 200.000 – 400.000 nacidos vivos. La aparición de los casos es esporádica y no tienen una etiología conocida. Algunos casos han sido asociados a exposiciones ambientales, causas genéticas y procedimientos de fertilización in vitro. El mecanismo de desarrollo parece asociado a alteraciones de la blastogénesis temprana o defecto de la migración mesodérmica durante el período embrionario. El diagnóstico prenatal puede realizarse a las 16 semanas de gestación, aunque en ocasiones es posible un diagnóstico más temprano. Su diagnóstico definitivo se realiza con los hallazgos de la necropsia. La mayoría de los recién nacidos supervivientes necesitan múltiples cirugías con complicaciones potenciales y no siempre alcanzan los resultados deseados. Se presenta un caso de diagnóstico prenatal de onfalocele, extrofia de la cloaca, ano imperforado y anomalías de la columna vertebral (Complejo OEIS).
Hernia femoral encarcelada con contenido de ovario
Authors: Rondon-Tapia Martha , Torres-Cepeda Duly , Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo
Published: September 2021

Las hernias femorales representan menos del 10% de las hernias inguinales; aparecen principalmente en mujeres adultas y tienen una mayor tasa de complicaciones asociadas al encarcelamiento comparadas con otras hernias abdominales. El contenido más frecuente en el interior del saco herniario son las asas intestinales, grasa preperitoneal y epiplón. Otras estructuras abdominales, como apéndice, vejiga, divertículo de Meckel, testículos ectópicos y estómago, son extremadamente raros. El útero, el ovario y las trompas de Falopio rara vez están presentes en una hernia inguinal. La hernia femoral encarcelada con ovario como contenido es una condición extremadamente rara en mujeres en la edad adulta. La mayoría de los casos ocurren en niñas y con frecuencia se asocian con defectos congénitos de los genitales. El diagnóstico preoperatorio para establecer el contenido de la hernia puede ser difícil, pero la ecografía convencional puede ser útil para identificar las características del contenido. El tratamiento tradicional es la reparación abierta. Pero, la cirugía laparoscópica permite confirmar el diagnóstico y evaluar la posibilidad de modificaciones isquémicas en el contenido del saco herniario. Se presenta un caso de hernia femoral encarcelada con contenido de ovario.
Hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa (PASH) en niña de 14 años: reporte de caso
Authors: Mallqui Mejía Mirela , Wiegering Secchi Andrés , Wieslava Amiel Normy , Matos Rojas Aracely , Cruzado Villanueva Carla
Published: September 2021

La hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa (PASH, por sus siglas en inglés) se presenta entre los 12 y 75 años de edad, siendo prevalente en la edad reproductiva. Se desconoce su etiología. Se caracterizan por ser grandes, deformantes, unilaterales y se les diagnostica por ecografía e histología. En las adolescentes es importante la vigilancia, diagnóstico y manejo tempranos, con la finalidad de evitar cirugías radicales que originen cicatrices grandes, deformidad y asimetría mamaria, que repercuten en el comportamiento y estado emocional de las pacientes. Los tumores de la mama generalmente son benignos en la adolescencia, pero su diagnóstico en este grupo etario es preocupante para la familia y la paciente. Presentamos el caso de una adolescente de 14 años a quien se le realizó abordaje submamario, conservando la simetría mamaria.
Consumo de micronutrientes durante el embarazo y la lactancia
Authors: Mejia-Montilla Jorly , Reyna-Villasmil Nadia , Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo
Published: September 2021

El estado nutricional adecuado de la mujer antes, durante y después del embarazo es fundamental para evitar complicaciones tanto obstétricas como perinatales. Los micronutrientes son esenciales para el desarrollo materno y fetal. El embarazo tiene una demanda metabólica especial de nutrientes de alta calidad. Además, la ingesta adecuada de micronutrientes puede mejorar directamente la calidad de la leche materna. Los suplementos pueden satisfacer la creciente demanda de estos elementos durante el embarazo y la lactancia, reduciendo el riesgo de anomalías congénitas fetales, patologías obstétricas y desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas en la edad adulta. Sin embargo, existe información contradictoria sobre la eficacia y seguridad de los suplementos nutricionales durante el embarazo. Es importante que el personal médico pueda brindar consejos precisos y adecuados basados en evidencia sobre el consumo de suplementos durante el embarazo, ya que no todas las embarazadas necesitan utilizar suplementos en forma regular, pero es necesario identificar a las embarazadas con riesgo de presentar alguna deficiencia. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los efectos del consumo de micronutrientes en el embarazo y la lactancia.
Cáncer de mama masculino en una muestra de población hispana. Estudio descriptivo
Authors: Bonilla-Sepúlveda Óscar Alejandro
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCCIÓN. El cáncer de mama en el hombre es una enfermedad rara, apenas un 0,2 a 1,5 % de todos los tumores malignos en los hombres. OBJETIVO. Describir los datos sociodemográficos, manifestaciones clínicas y paraclínicas, tratamiento y recurrencia, en una muestra de pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de mama en el hombre en una institución privada. MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de una base de datos institucional, en el periodo 1 enero 2017 a 31 diciembre 2020. De los registros médicos se recopilaron los datos demográficos, clínicos, paraclínicos, que fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS. La prevalencia de cáncer de mama en hombres en la muestra fue 0,44%, mediana de edad 73 años. El síntoma más frecuente fue la masa mamaria (n= 5, 100%), mediana de tamaño del tumor 2,5 cm (rango 1,6 a 5 cm) y tipo histológico ductal (n= 5, 100%). Los 5 casos tuvieron expresión de receptores hormonales, sin sobreexpresión HER2; el estadio fue localmente avanzado en 60% (n=3) (estadio IIB-IIIA/B) y metastásico en un caso. Se realizó mastectomía en el 80% de los casos (n=4). La mediana de seguimiento fue de 23 meses y se encontró recaída en el 20% (n=1), con tiempo promedio hasta la recaída de 184 meses. CONCLUSIONES. En la muestra estudiada, el cáncer de mama en hombres se presentó en la séptima década de la vida como una masa en estadio avanzado, con alta sensibilidad hormonal. La mastectomía fue el principal tratamiento y la mayoría requirió quimioterapia.
THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S PROFESSION: ANKARA PROVINCIAL RESEARCH
Authors: DOĞAN Burcu , HĠLAL Erdem
Published: September 2021

In our country, the accoutancy profession gained legal status on 13 June 1989 with the law numbered 3568. For more than 30 years, the requirements of the profession have been shaped by the law numbered 3568 for the activities of the accounting profession to keep up with the times. The audit profession and accountants were questioned after the accounting scandals that shook the whole World in the 2000. After the scandals in the profession, necessary steps were taken for the advent of the profession in our country as well as in the Word. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in the number of people who prefer in the light of these developments in the profession. İn light of the developments in the World, as a result of the increasing importance of the independent auditor’s profession, it is to determine the number of female auditors who perform the financial consultancy and subsequently continue their activities as auditors. Working in Ankara is the reason for choosing not constitute a significant proportion of the total number of financial advisory and auditing profession in Turkey. İn this study revealed how less female independent auditors perform this profession compared to male professionals. For this purpose, Ankara were examined by determining the number of women in proportion to the number of auditors and independent auditors in Turkey are given.
COMMODITY EXPERTISE OF JEWELRY
Authors: Volodymyr INDUTNYI , Nina MEREZHKO , Kateryna PIRKOVICH
Published: September 2021

Background. Jewelry is one of the components of material, ritual, cultural and historical heritage of mankind.Modern jewelry has acquired significant differences from those created in the past. Changes in the field of production and trade in jewelry explain the relevance of the analysis of cost indicators in the modern jewelry market and the feasibility of improving commodity expertise. The aim of the workis to analyze the cost indicators on the jewelry market in Ukraine, to conduct their commodity expertiseand to develop an algorithm for cost forecastingof jewelry in accordance with their quality characteristics. Materials and methods. A database of initial data on jewelry present on the market was created in the following range: weddingrings, rings, pendants and earrings. All named products weigh up to 10 grams and are made of 925 silver and 585 gold. Most of them are decorated with precious and semi-precious stones or inserts that imitate them. To develop an algorithm for cost forecastingof jewelry, a mathematical model was built and the quality of the approximation was calculated according to K. Pearson. Results. The results of the analysis of cost indicators in the modern jewelry market are described, and also recommendations for performance of tasks of their com­modity expertise are given. Three commodity groups of jewelry have been identified and an algorithm for predicting their value has been developed.A protocol for assessing the quality of jewelry and standards for visual comparison operations are presented. An approach to determining the estimated value of exclusive jewelry is proposed. Conclusion. The general regulations of work of commodity expertise of jewelry are established. Creating a mathematical model for cost forecastingof jewelry requires the compi­lation of a database of initial data of representative samples presented on the market. For each cost interval it is necessary to build a regression mathematical model that will ensure maximum consideration of pricing factors and the authenticity and reproducibility of the results of commodity research. Commodity expertiseof the cheapest jewelry can be carried out only on the basis of the value of the used precious metals. Medium-value jewelry requires market analysis and mathematical forecasting. Jewelry with precious stones of natural origin also requires analysis of databases on precious stones. More expensive jewelry (more than UAH 300,000 per sample) can be valued only at the value of the gemstone. Keywords: commodity expertise, jewelry, cost forecasting, protocol, evaluation criterion.
COMPOSITECERAMICS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE
Authors: Olena PALIIENKO
Published: September 2021

As a result of the research carried out, the search for the optimal compositions of composite ceramics was carried out by the method of planning the experiment using the FFD25-1 as an experiment plan. The influence of modified additives of eutectic compositions on the physical and technical properties of composite ceramics for special purposes, with a low sintering temperature, used for the manufacture of grinding bodies, has been determined.
Orzecznicze i doktrynalne czynniki ochrony praw człowieka w stosowaniu przerwy w wykonywaniu kary pozbawienia wolności po 1 stycznia 2012 r.
Authors: Juszka Karol
Published: September 2021

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja czynników dotyczących przestrzegania praw człowieka w stosowaniu instytucji przerwy w wykonywaniu kary pozbawienia wolności w orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego i sądów powszechnych od 1 stycznia 2012 r. Przedmiotową problematykę zaprezentowano za pomocą regulacji kodeksowej instytucji przerwy w wykonywaniu kary pozbawienia wolności. Zakres artykułu obejmuje wszystkie etapy stosowania tytułowej instytucji. W celu zwiększenia efektywności ochrony praw człowieka w stosowaniu instytucji przerwy w wykonywaniu kary pozbawienia wolności należy monitorować stosowanie tej instytucji w praktyce. W zależności od wyników tego monitoringu przedstawiciele doktryny i orzecznictwa mogą przedstawić propozycje de lege ferenda zmian ustawowej konstrukcji instytucji przerwy wykonywaniu kary pozbawienia wolności a także zmian w stosowaniu niniejszej instytucji w ramach obowiązujących przepisów.
Zarządzanie ryzykiem demograficznym wobec procesu starzenia się zasobów pracy
Authors: Jurek Łukasz
Published: September 2021

Dokonujące się współcześnie radykalne przeobrażenia demograficzne mają zasadniczy wpływ na funkcjonowanie przedsiębiorstw. Wraz ze starzeniem się zasobu siły roboczej w gospodarce narodowej starzeje się także kadra pracownicza w podmiotach tworzących tę gospodarkę. Wzrost liczby starszych pracowników może stanowić źródło potencjalnych problemów, które zakłócają, a w skrajnych przypadkach wręcz destabilizują prowadzenie działalności biznesowej. Jest to nowe zagrożenie, które przyjęło się określać mianem ryzyka demograficznego. Celem artykułu jest po pierwsze, rozpoznanie świadomości ryzyka demograficznego w przedsiębiorstwach zlokalizowanych na terytorium Polski, a po drugie, zidentyfikowanie (potencjalnych) działań podejmowanych na rzecz zarządzania tym ryzykiem. Uzyskane wyniki badania własnego sugerują, że starzenie się zasobu siły roboczej w dużym stopniu jest ryzykiem nieuświadomionym. Tylko niewielka część respondentów spodziewa się wzrostu liczby starszych pracowników w ich firmie. Ponadto nie mają oni właściwego rozeznania na temat potencjalnych konsekwencji takiego wzrostu. W tych okolicznościach przeprowadzenie rzetelnej identyfikacji czy oceny ryzyka, a tym bardziej możliwość skutecznego sterowania nim, jest mocno ograniczone.
Kapitał społeczny jako determinanta przedsiębiorczości etnicznej wśród białoruskich imigrantów w Polsce
Authors: Kruhlaya Marta , Molenda Marcin
Published: September 2021

Imigranci zagraniczni stanowią nieodłączny element Polskiej gospodarki, co wzbudza zainteresowania nie tylko polityków, ale również naukowców. Zmiana miejsca stałego zamieszkania wiąże się m.in. z potrzebą adaptacji społecznej oraz znalezienia stabilnego źródła dochodu w nowym kraju pobytu. Imigranci nierzadko korzystają z pomocy i wsparcia sieci migracyjnej, a zachowanie kultury i tradycji stwarza dla cudzoziemców okazje biznesowe. Z uwagi na doskonałą znajomość preferencji potencjalnych konsumentów działalność przybyszy jest skoncentrowana m.in. na rynku etnicznym. W artykule poddano analizie wpływ kapitału społecznego na rozwój przedsiębiorczości etnicznej wśród białoruskich imigrantów w Polsce. Artykuł został oparty na przeglądzie literatury przedmiotu, danych statystycznych uzyskanych w Ministerstwie Rozwoju, Pracy i Technologii oraz pogłębionych wywiadach indywidualnych wśród imigrantów z Białorusi prowadzących działalność gospodarczą na rynku etnicznym w Polsce.
¿Cómo hacer informes sociales periciales? : Guía teórico-metodológica para trabajadores sociales
Authors: Contreras Sáez Milton
Published: September 2021

Frente a los escenarios complejos y diversos donde el Trabajo Social se moviliza constantemente, en cualquier campo de acción disciplinar, la realización de informes sociales periciales permite tomar decisiones adecuadas a nivel institucional y jurídico. De este modo, esta guía teórico-metodológica busca que trabajadores sociales, en ejercicio y en formación, logren desarrollar un análisis crítico sobre las diferentes estrategias, técnicas e instrumentos en contextos familiares, ya que con un buen uso de cada uno de ellos crearán informes sociales periciales desde una perspectiva multidimensional y contextual.
Florida Bears and Beekeeping
Authors: Sanford Malcolm T. , Ellis James D.
Published: September 2021

Revised! ENY-105, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Malcolm T. Sanford and James D. Ellis, provides beekeepers with basic information about this major predator on beehives in Florida. This version updates the 1999 version with updated information on electric fencing, a comment on the Africanized honey bee, and references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, September 2006.
ENY-105/AA133: Florida Bears and Beekeeping (ufl.edu)
Vertical Distribution of Moisture in a Growing Sweet Corn Canopy During MicroWEX-4
Authors: Casanova Joaquin , Judge Jasmeet , Jang Mi-young
Published: September 2021

Circular 1492, a 9-page illustrated report by Joaquin Casanova, Jasmeet Judge, and Mi-young Jang, describes the methods and measurements of the canopy moisture distribution in sweet corn during a growing season. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, August 2006.
CIR1492/AE395: Vertical Distribution of Moisture in a Growing Sweet Corn Canopy During MicroWEX-4 (ufl.edu)
Groundwater Nitrogen: Behavior in Flatwoods and Gravel Soils Using Organic Amendments for Vegetable Production
Authors: Shukla Sanjay , Hanlon Edward A. , Jaber Fouad H. , Stoffella Peter J. , Obreza Thomas A. , Ozores-Hampton Monica
Published: September 2021

Circular 1494, a 9-page illustrated circular by Sanjay Shukla, Edward A. Hanlon, Fouad H. Jaber, Peter J. Stoffella, Thomas A. Obreza, and Monica Ozores-Hampton, explores the use of several compost sources in vegetable production fields at Ft. Pierce and Homestead, Florida. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, August 2006.
CIR 1494/AE400: Groundwater Nitrogen: Behavior in Flatwoods and Gravel Soils Using Organic Amendments for Vegetable Production (ufl.edu)
Efficacy of Herbicide Active Ingredients Against Aquatic Weeds
Authors: Langeland Kenneth , Netherland Michael , Haller William , Koschnick Tyler
Published: September 2021

SS-AGR-44, a 4-page fact sheet by K. Langeland, M. Netherland, W. Haller, and T. Koschnick, provides a table for quick reference to the effectiveness of herbicide active ingredients for controlling common aquatic weeds, and outlines the regulatory conditions and resources for further assistance. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, September 2006.
SS-AGR-44/AG262: Efficacy of Herbicide Active Ingredients Against Aquatic Weeds (ufl.edu)
Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) in Beef Cattle
Authors: Hansen Gary R. , Riley David G.
Published: September 2021

AN164, a 14-page fact sheet by Gary R. Hansen and David G. Riley, describes how to use Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) to evaluate prospective breeding stock. Includes 6 pages of tables. Published by the UF Department of Animal Sciences, April 2006.
Crossbreeding Systems in Beef Cattle
Authors: Hansen Gary R.
Published: September 2021

AN165, a 5-page fact sheet by Gary R. Hansen, explains to beef cattle producers this breeding strategy that leads to increased performance and productivity in beef cattle herds. Published by the UF Department of Animal Science, September 2006.
Improve Reproductive Performance in Your Cow Herd Using Calf Removal
Authors: Hansen Gary R.
Published: September 2021

AN166, a 5-page fact sheet by Gary R. Hansen, discusses three methods of calf-removal and when to use each: short-term calf removal, once-daily suckling, and early weaning. Includes references and tables. Published by the UF Department of Animal Sciences, September 2006.
2021—How Do I Legally Sell Meat from My Own Livestock and Poultry in Florida?
Authors: Carr Charles , Scheffler Jason , Johansson Matthew
Published: September 2021

This publication provides information for Florida residents who want to sell meat and poultry from their own livestock and poultry. Written by Chad Carr, Jason Scheffler, and Matthew Johansson, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, revised August 2021.
Design and Construction of Screened Wells for Agricultural Irrigation Systems
Authors: Boman Brian , Shukla Sanjay , Hardin J. D.
Published: September 2021

Circular 1454, a 12-page illustrated publication, describes the proper design of screened wells to ensure compatibility with the rest of the irrigation system and long life, efficiency, and economic operation. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, October 2006.
Circular 1/CH166: Design and Construction of Screened Wells for Agricultural Irrigation Systems (ufl.edu)
Organic Vegetable Production
Authors: Treadwell Danielle D.
Published: September 2021

Revised! HS-720, an 18-page fact sheet by D.D. Treadwell, is a general introduction to organic production, replacing a 4-page article by J.M White. Includes links to additional information and references. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences as part of the Vegetable Production Guide for Florida, September 2006.
HS720/CV118: Introduction to Organic Crop Production (ufl.edu)
Managing Your Florida Lawn Under Drought Conditions
Authors: Jones Harold C. , Lippi Charles Steven , Trenholm Laurie E.
Published: September 2021

Revised! ENH 157, a 3-page fact sheet by Harold C. Jones, Charles Steven Lippi, and Laurie E. Trenholm, Ph.D., provides homeowners with practices to follow to ensure a healthy lawn under restricted watering conditions. This version is updated throughout and includes a table of days between waterings for St. Augustinegrass lawns. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, April 2006.
Guide to Nesting Sea Turtles in Florida
Authors: Duran Analisa , Francis-Floyd Ruth , Patterson Mcguire Maia , Larkin Iskande
Published: September 2021

Florida’s coastline provides critical habitat for sea turtle nesting, as it has for millions of years. Throughout the state, three of the seven species of sea turtles in the world have significant nesting populations. Loggerhead, green, and leatherback sea turtles use Florida’s beaches to lay nests each year. This publication provides information on the identification, nesting characteristics, and abundance of each of the common sea turtle species who nest in Florida.
Candidate Species for Florida Aquaculture: Arapaima Arapaima gigas
Authors: Ohs Cortney , Hill Jeffrey , Wright Sarah , Giddings H. Mae , Durland Donahou Allison
Published: September 2021

Arapaima Arapaima gigas, also known as paiche and pirarucu, is a large South American freshwater fish with unique biology, favorable aquaculture characteristics, and potential for production in south Florida. This publication provides Arapaima gigas biology, specific culture methods known for each stage of development, and information about diseases and parasites, markets, and the laws associated with this species to potential Florida producers.