bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full‐face effects of temporal volumizing and temporal lifting techniques
Authors: Casabona Gabriela , Frank Konstantin , Moellhoff Nicholas , Gavril Diana L. , Swift Arthur , Freytag David L. , Kaiser Antonia , Green Jeremy B. , Nikolis Andreas , Cotofana Sebastian
Published: September 2020

Background

Most injection techniques utilizing hyaluronic acid–based soft tissue fillers have predictable outcomes at the location injected. However, the temporal region has been identified to have aesthetic effects beyond the temple.

Aims

To identify and quantify the panfacial aesthetic effects of three different temporal injection techniques.

Patients/Methods

The medical records of nine female and five male Caucasian patients with a mean age of 50.9 ± 11.9 years were retrospectively reviewed for the effects of these techniques: supraperiosteal, interfascial, and subdermal. Panfacial effects were evaluated by the semiquantitative assessment of aesthetic scores for the temple volume, the temporal crest visibility, the lateral orbital rim visibility, the position of the eyebrows, the severity of lateral canthal lines, the midfacial volume, and the contour of the jawline.

Results

The supraperiosteal injection technique had the greatest influence on improving the temporal volume (25.0%), the temporal crest (33.3%), and the lateral orbital rim visibility (31.0%) scales but had no effects in other facial regions. The interfascial injection technique revealed good effects on improving temporal hollowing (23.3%) but had an even greater effect on the crow's feet (26.8%) and on the position of the eyebrow (33.3%). The subdermal injection technique had its greatest effects in the lower face by improving the contour of the jawline (26.8%) followed by the improvement of the lower cheek fullness scale (14.3%).

Conclusion

Future injection algorithms could utilize all three injection techniques together as one multi‐layer injection approach with a tailored proportion of each technique based on the aesthetic needs of the patient.
Salicylic acid regulates PIN2 auxin transporter hyperclustering and root gravitropic growth via Remorin‐dependent lipid nanodomain organisation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ke Meiyu , Ma Zhiming , Wang Deyan , Sun Yanbiao , Wen Chenjin , Huang Dingquan , Chen Zichen , Yang Liang , Tan Shutang , Li Ruixi , Friml Jiří , Miao Yansong , Chen Xu
Published: September 2020

To adapt to the diverse array of biotic and abiotic cues, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense changes in environmental conditions and modulate their growth. Growth‐promoting hormones and defence signalling fine tune plant development antagonistically. During host–pathogen interactions, this defence–growth trade‐off is mediated by the counteractive effects of the defence hormone salicylic acid (SA) and the growth hormone auxin.

Here we revealed an underlying mechanism of SA regulating auxin signalling by constraining the plasma membrane dynamics of PIN2 auxin efflux transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana roots.

The lateral diffusion of PIN2 proteins is constrained by SA signalling, during which PIN2 proteins are condensed into hyperclusters depending on REM1.2‐mediated nanodomain compartmentalisation. Furthermore, membrane nanodomain compartmentalisation by SA or Remorin (REM) assembly significantly suppressed clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. Consequently, SA‐induced heterogeneous surface condensation disrupted asymmetric auxin distribution and the resultant gravitropic response.

Our results demonstrated a defence–growth trade‐off mechanism by which SA signalling crosstalked with auxin transport by concentrating membrane‐resident PIN2 into heterogeneous compartments.
Endogenous activated small interfering RNAs in virus‐infected Brassicaceae crops show a common host gene‐silencing pattern affecting photosynthesis and stress response
Authors: Leonetti Paola , Ghasemzadeh Aysan , Consiglio Arianna , Gursinsky Torsten , Behrens Sven‐Erik , Pantaleo Vitantonio
Published: September 2020

Viral infections are accompanied by a massive production of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of plant origin, such as virus‐activated (va)siRNAs, which drive the widespread silencing of host gene expression, and whose effects in plant pathogen interactions remain unknown.

By combining phenotyping and molecular analyses, we characterized vasiRNAs that are associated with typical mosaic symptoms of cauliflower mosaic virus infection in two crops, turnip (Brassica rapa) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus), and the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

We identified 15 loci in the three infected plant species, whose transcripts originate vasiRNAs. These loci appear to be generally affected by virus infections in Brassicaceae and encode factors that are centrally involved in photosynthesis and stress response, such as Rubisco activase (RCA), senescence‐associated protein, heat shock protein HSP70, light harvesting complex, and membrane‐related protein CP5. During infection, the expression of these factors is significantly downregulated, suggesting that their silencing is a central component of the plant’s response to virus infections. Further findings indicate an important role for 22 nt long vasiRNAs in the plant’s endogenous RNA silencing response.

Our study considerably enhances knowledge about the new class of vasiRNAs that are triggered in virus‐infected plants and will help to advance strategies for the engineering of gene clusters involved in the development of crop diseases.
Surface disinfection and protective masks for SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory viruses: A review by SIdP COVID‐19 task force
Authors: Barbato Luigi , Bernardelli Francesco , Braga Giovanni , Clementini Marco , Di Gioia Claudio , Littarru Crisitnano , Oreglia Francesco , Raspini Mario , Brambilla Eugenio , Iavicoli Ivo , Pinchi Vilma , Landi Luca , Sforza Nicola Marco , Cavalcanti Raffaele , Crea Alessandro , Cairo Francesco
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Primary focused question for this systematic review (SR) was “Which is the evidence about surfaces decontamination and protection masks for SARS‐Cov‐2 in dental practice?” Secondary question was “Which is the evidence about surfaces decontamination and protection masks against airborne pathogens and directly transmitted viral pathogens causing respiratory infections?”

Materials and Methods

PRISMA guidelines were used. Studies on surface decontamination and protective masks for SARS‐CoV‐2 in dental practice were considered. Studies on other respiratory viruses were considered for the secondary question.

Results

No studies are available for SARS‐CoV‐2. Four studies on surface disinfection against respiratory viruses were included. Ethanol 70% and sodium hypochlorite 0,5% seem to be effective in reducing infectivity by > 3log TCID. Four RCTs compared different types of masks on HCW. The single studies reported no difference for laboratory‐diagnosed influenza, laboratory‐diagnosed respiratory infection, and influenza‐like illness. A meta‐analysis was not considered appropriate.

Conclusions

There is lack of evidence on the efficacy of surface disinfection and protective masks to reduce the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 or other respiratory viruses in dentistry. However, the consistent use of respirator and routine surface disinfection is strongly suggested. There is urgent need of data on the efficacy of specific protection protocols for dental HCW against viral infections.
Canine mammary tumours: Size matters–a progression from low to highly malignant subtypes
Authors: Gedon Julia , Wehrend Axel , Failing Klaus , Kessler Martin
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a possible association between mammary tumour size and increasing degree of malignancy. Data of 625 dogs with a total of 1459 mammary tumours were analysed retrospectively. 80.3% dogs were intact, mean age at diagnosis was 9.7 ± 2.5 years, 75.8% were pure breed dogs. Median body weight was 20.0 kg. Malignant tumours (n = 580) were significantly larger than their benign counterparts (1.94 cm vs 0.90 cm in mean, respectively; P ≤ .0001), resulting in a positive correlation between increasing tumour size and a change from benign to malignant (P ≤ .0001; rs = 0.214). When malignant tumours were grouped into four degrees of increasing malignancy (complex/simple/solid/anaplastic carcinomas) a significant positive correlation between increasing tumour size and more malignant tumour degree (P ≤ .0001; rs = 0.195) could be demonstrated. In a number of cases, highly malignant tumours were found to arise within less malignant lesions, supporting the concept of a further progression within the malignant tumour subtypes. In patients with multiple tumours, mean tumour sizes for malignant tumours were significantly smaller compared to patients with only one tumour (1.67 vs 2.71 cm in mean, respectively; P < .0001). These findings suggest that mammary tumours progress not only from benign to malignant but also from low to highly malignant. An increase in diameter of only a few millimetres may therefore have a big impact on the patient's outcome.
Implementation of a School Physical Activity Policy Improves Student Physical Activity Levels: Outcomes of a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nathan Nicole K. , Sutherland Rachel L. , Hope Kirsty , McCarthy Nicole J. , Pettett Matthew , Elton Ben , Jackson Rebecca , Trost Stewart G. , Lecathelinais Christophe , Reilly Kathryn , Wiggers John H. , Hall Alix , Gillham Karen , Herrmann Vanessa , Wolfenden Luke
Published: September 2020

Aim: To assess the impact of a multistrategy intervention designed to improve teachers’ implementation of a school physical activity (PA) policy on student PA levels. Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 12 elementary schools. Policy implementation required schools to deliver 150 minutes of organized PA for students each week via physical education, sport, or class-based activities such as energizers. Schools received implementation support designed using the theoretical domains framework to help them implement the current policy. Results: A total of 1,502 children in kindergarten to grade 6 participated. At follow-up compared with control, students attending intervention schools had, measured via accelerometer, significantly greater increases in school day counts per minute (97.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 64.5 to 130.4; P < .001) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (3.0; 95% CI, 2.2–3.8, P < .001) and a greater decrease in sedentary time (−2.1; 95% CI, −3.9 to −0.4, P = .02) per school day. Teachers in intervention schools delivered significantly more minutes (36.6 min) of PA to their students at follow-up (95% CI, 2.7–70.5, P = .04). Conclusions: Supporting teachers to implement a PA policy improves student PA. Additional strategies may be needed to support teachers to implement activities that result in larger gains in student MVPA.
Postweaning maternal care increases male chimpanzee reproductive success
Authors: Crockford Catherine , Samuni Liran , Vigilant Linda , Wittig Roman M.
Published: September 2020

Sons orphaned before aged 12 reproduce less, indicating long dependency and a model for human’s slow ontogeny.
Unraveling why we sleep: Quantitative analysis reveals abrupt transition from neural reorganization to repair in early development
Authors: Cao Junyu , Herman Alexander B. , West Geoffrey B. , Poe Gina , Savage Van M.
Published: September 2020

Discovery of how sleep function shifts from neural reorganization to repair by combining mathematical theory and data analysis.
Human footprints provide snapshot of last interglacial ecology in the Arabian interior
Authors: Stewart Mathew , Clark-Wilson Richard , Breeze Paul S. , Janulis Klint , Candy Ian , Armitage Simon J. , Ryves David B. , Louys Julien , Duval Mathieu , Price Gilbert J. , Cuthbertson Patrick , Bernal Marco A. , Drake Nick A. , Alsharekh Abdullah M. , Zahrani Badr , Al-Omari Abdulaziz , Roberts Patrick , Groucutt Huw S. , Petraglia Michael D.
Published: September 2020

Ancient human footprints in Saudi Arabia provide snapshot of Arabian ecology 120,000 years ago.
Tb
RAP1 has an unusual duplex DNA binding activity required for its telomere localization and VSG silencing
Authors: Afrin Marjia , Gaurav Amit Kumar , Yang Xian , Pan Xuehua , Zhao Yanxiang , Li Bibo
Published: September 2020

The electrostatics-based dsDNA binding activity in
Tb
RAP1 NLS can be diminished by phosphorylation of NLS-adjacent S residues.
Chaos-assisted tunneling resonances in a synthetic Floquet superlattice
Authors: Arnal M. , Chatelain G. , Martinez M. , Dupont N. , Giraud O. , Ullmo D. , Georgeot B. , Lemarié G. , Billy J. , Guéry-Odelin D.
Published: September 2020

Resonances in quantum transport are observed through chaos-assisted tunneling with a quantum gas in a shaken optical lattice.
Expanding and optimizing 3D bioprinting capabilities using complementary network bioinks
Authors: Ouyang Liliang , Armstrong James P. K. , Lin Yiyang , Wojciechowski Jonathan P. , Lee-Reeves Charlotte , Hachim Daniel , Zhou Kun , Burdick Jason A. , Stevens Molly M.
Published: September 2020

A generalizable strategy enables the expansion of the bioink palette and bioprinting capabilities.
Revisiting the PD-1 pathway
Authors: Patsoukis Nikolaos , Wang Qi , Strauss Laura , Boussiotis Vassiliki A.
Published: September 2020

This review provides an overview of recent advances in understanding the interactions and signaling of PD-1 and its ligands.
IL-21 from high-affinity CD4 T cells drives differentiation of brain-resident CD8 T cells during persistent viral infection
Authors: Ren Heather M. , Kolawole Elizabeth M. , Ren Mingqiang , Jin Ge , Netherby-Winslow Colleen S. , Wade Quinn , Shwetank  , Rahman Ziaur S. M. , Evavold Brian D. , Lukacher Aron E.
Published: September 2020

High-affinity CD4 T cells produce IL-21 to help CD8 T cells differentiate into tissue-resident memory cells in the brain.
Cellular and Cytokine Responses in the Granulomas of Asymptomatic Cattle Naturally Infected with Mycobacterium bovis in Ethiopia
Authors: Tulu Begna , Martineau Henny M. , Zewude Aboma , Desta Fekadu , Jolliffe David A. , Abebe Markos , Balcha Taye Tolera , Belay Mulugeta , Martineau Adrian R. , Ameni Gobena
Published: September 2020

Cell (CD3
+
T cell and CD68
+
macrophages), cytokine (interferon gamma-positive [IFN-γ
+
] and tumor necrosis factor alpha-positive [TNF-α
+
]), and effector molecule (inducible nitric oxide synthase-positive [iNOS
+
]) responses were evaluated in the lymph nodes and tissues of cattle naturally infected with
Mycobacterium bovis
. Detailed postmortem and immunohistochemical examinations of lesions were performed on 16 cows that were positive by the single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test and that were identified from dairy farms located around the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
A bigger splat: The catastrophic geology of a 1.2-b.y.-old terrestrial megaclast, northwest Scotland
Authors: Killingback Z. , Holdsworth R.E. , Walker R.J. , Nielsen S. , Dempsey E. , Hardman K.
Published: September 2020

Rockfalls are relatively little described from the ancient geological record, likely due to their poor preservation potential. At Clachtoll, northwest Scotland, a megaclast (100 m × 60 m × 15 m) of Neoarchean Lewisian gneiss with an estimated mass of 243 kt is associated with basal breccias of the Mesoproterozoic Stoer Group. Foliation in the megablock is misoriented by ∼90° about a subvertical axis relative to that in the underlying basement gneisses, and it is cut by fracture networks filled with Stoer Group red sandstone. Bedded clastic fissure fills on top of the megablock preserve way-up criteria consistent with passive deposition during burial. Sediment-filled fractures on the lateral flanks and base show characteristics consistent with forceful injection. Using numerical calculations, we propose that rift-related seismic shaking caused the megablock to fall no more than 15 m onto unconsolidated wet sediment. On impact, overpressure and liquefaction of the water-laden sands below the basement block were sufficient to cause hydrofracturing and upward sediment slurry injection. In addition, asymmetrically distributed structures record internal deformation of the megablock as it slowed and came to rest. The megablock is unrelated to the younger Stac Fada impact event, and represents one of the oldest known terrestrial rockfall features on Earth.
Supplemental Material: The middle Cretaceous (110–94 Ma) evolution of Tangza Basin in the western Tibetan Plateau and implications for initial topographic growth of northern Lhasa
Authors: Han Xu , Dai Jin-Gen , al. et
Published: September 2020

Supplementary gravel composition, detrital model composition, zircon U-Pb data, Cr-spinel composition, and compiled zircon U-Pb and Cr-spinel composition data.
Supplemental Material: Sedimentary and volcanic record of the nascent Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc from IODP Site U1438
Authors: Waldman Ryan J. , Marsaglia Kathleen M. , al. et
Published: September 2020

Tables S1–S6.
Applications of physical performance measures to routine diabetes care for frailty prevention concept: fundamental data with grip strength, gait speed, timed chair stand speed, standing balance, and knee extension strength
Authors: Yokoyama Hiroki , Shiraiwa Toshihiko , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Iwamoto Masahiro , Kuribayashi Nobuichi , Nomura Takuo , Yamada Minoru , Sone Hirohito , Araki Shin-ichi
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Progression of muscle strength weakening will lead to a poor physical performance and disability. While this is particularly important in patients with diabetes, the associations of reduced muscle strength measured by grip strength with clinical features and physical performance remain unclear. We investigated clinical features and physical performance measures in association with grip strength in elderly people with diabetes in a primary care setting.

Research design and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted enrolling 634 male and 323 female Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 60 years or older. First, grip strength was measured and the associations of gender-specific grip strength with clinical features were evaluated. Second, in patients with a grip strength below the gender-specific median, physical performance measures, including gait speed, timed chair stand speed, knee extension strength, standing balance, and short physical performance battery scores, were investigated. Patients with and without a low performance defined by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia were compared in terms of clinical features and physical performance measures.

Results

Grip strength decreased according to aging and longer duration of diabetes and was independently related to body mass index, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum albumin, albuminuria, neuropathy, and stroke in male patients, and to body mass index and albuminuria in female patients. The physical performance measures became worse proportionally to a decrease in the grip strength. Patients with a low performance exhibited a significantly older age, lower grip strength and serum albumin, higher albuminuria, and poorer physical performance measures than those without.

Conclusions

Reduced grip strength was associated with glycemic exposure indicators of age-related duration, HbA1c, and vascular complications. The physical performance measures became worse with decreasing grip strength. Measurements of grip strength and physical performance in patients with diabetes may help promote intervention to prevent frailty in future studies.
Genetic prion disease: D178N with 129MV disease modifying polymorphism—a clinical phenotype
Authors: Tan Tracie Huey-Lin , Stark Richard J , Waterston John A , White Owen , Thyagarajan Dominic , Monif Mastura
Published: September 2020

Background

Human prion diseases are a group of rare neurological diseases with a minority due to genetic mutations in the prion protein (PRNP) gene. The D178N mutation is associated with both Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and fatal familial insomnia with the phenotype modified by a polymorphism at codon 129 with the methionine/valine (MV) polymorphism associated with atypical presentations leading to diagnostic difficulty.

Case

We present a case of fatal familial insomnia secondary to a PRNP D178N mutation with 129MV disease modifying polymorphism who had no family history, normal MRI, electroencephalography (EEG), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography findings and a negative real-time quaking-induced conversion result.

Conclusion

Patients with genetic prion disease may have no known family history and normal EEG, MRI brain and CSF findings. PRNP gene testing should be considered for patients with subacute progressive neurological and autonomic dysfunction.
Health profile of residents of retirement villages in Auckland, New Zealand: findings from a cross-sectional survey with health assessment
Authors: Broad Joanna B , Wu Zhenqiang , Bloomfield Katherine , Hikaka Joanna , Bramley Dale , Boyd Michal , Tatton Annie , Calvert Cheryl , Peri Kathy , Higgins Ann-Marie , Connolly Martin J
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Retirement villages (RV) have expanded rapidly, now housing perhaps one in eight people aged 75+ years in New Zealand. Health service initiatives might better support residents and offer cost advantages, but little is known of resident demographics, health status or needs. This study describes village residents—their demographics, socio-behavioural and health status—noting differences between participants who volunteered and those who were sampled.

Design

Cross-sectional study of village residents. The cohort formed will also be used for a longitudinal study and a randomised controlled trial. Village managers (sometimes after consulting residents) decided if representative sampling could be undertaken in each village. Where sampling was not approved, volunteers were sought.

Setting

33 RV were included from a total of 65 villages in Auckland, New Zealand.

Participants

Residents (n=578) were recruited either by sampling (n=217) or as volunteers (n=361) during 2016–2018. Each completed a survey and an International Resident Assessment Instrument (interRAI) health needs assessment with a gerontology nurse specialist.

Results

Median age of residents was 82 years, 158 (27%) were men; 61% lived alone. Downsizing (77%), less stress (63%) and access to healthcare assistance (61%) were most common reasons for entry. During the 2 weeks prior to survey, 34% received home supports and 10% personal care. Hypertension, heart disease, arthritis and pain were reported by over 40%. Most common unmet needs related to managing cardiorespiratory symptoms (50%) and pain (48%). Volunteers and sampled residents differed significantly, mainly in socio-behavioural respects.

Conclusions

Common conditions including hypertension, arthritis and atrial fibrillation, are recorded in interRAI as text, and thus overlooked in interRAI reports. Levels of unmet need indicate opportunities to improve health services to better manage chronic conditions. Healthcare service providers and village operators could cooperate to design and test service initiatives that better meet residents’ needs and offer cost benefits.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12616000685415.
Lifetime quality of life and cost consequences of delays in endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke: a cost-effectiveness analysis from a Singapore healthcare perspective
Authors: Ni Weiyi , Kunz Wolfgang , Goyal Mayank , Ng Yu Li , Tan Kelvin , De Silva Deidre Anne
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Endovascular therapy (EVT) significantly improves clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), while the time of EVT initiation after stroke onset influences both patient clinical outcomes and healthcare costs. This study determined the impact of EVT treatment delay on cost effectiveness of EVT in the Singapore healthcare setting.

Design

A short-term decision tree and long-term Markov health state transition model was constructed. For each time window of symptom onset to EVT, the probability of receiving EVT or non-EVT treatment was varied, thereby varying clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale scores), short-term costs and long-term modelled (lifetime) costs; all of which were used in calculating an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of EVT vs non-EVT treatment. Clinical outcomes and cost data were derived from clinical trials, literature, expert opinion, electronic medical records and community-based surveys from Singapore. Deterministic one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the uncertainty of the model. The willingness to pay for per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) was set to Singapore $50 000 (US$36 500).

Setting

Singapore healthcare perspective.

Participants

The model included patients with AIS in Singapore.

Interventions

EVT performed within 6 hours of stroke onset.

Outcome measures

The model estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and net monetary benefits (NMB) for EVT versus non-EVT treatment, varied by time from symptom onset to time of treatment.

Results

EVT performed between 61 min and 120 min after the stroke onset was most cost-effective time window to perform EVT in the Singapore population, with an ICER of Singapore $7197 per QALY (US$5254) for performing EVT at 61–120 min versus 121–180 min. The resulting incremental NMB associated with receipt of EVT at the earlier time point is Singapore $39 827 (US$29 074) per patient at the willingness-to-pay threshold of Singapore $50 000. Each hour delay in EVT resulted in an average loss of 0.54 QALYs and 195.35 healthy days, with an average net monetary loss of Singapore $26 255 (US$19 166).

Conclusions

From the Singapore healthcare perspective, although EVT is more expensive than alternative treatments in the short term, the lifetime ICER is below the willingness-to-pay threshold. Thus, healthcare policies and procedures should aim to improve efficiency of pre-hospital and in-hospital workflow processes to reduce the onset-to-puncture duration.
Women’s satisfaction with the quality of antenatal care services rendered at public health facilities in Northwest Ethiopia: the application of partial proportional odds model
Authors: Emiru Amanu Aragaw , Alene GD , Debelew Gurmesa Tura
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The study was aimed: (1) to describe the quality of antenatal care (ANC) at public health facilities in Northwest Ethiopia, including dimensions of the structure, process and outcome; and (2) to assess the relationship between ANC satisfaction and structure and process dimension of ANC quality.

Design

Cross sectional.

Setting

Healthcare facilities providing ANC services in Northwest Ethiopia.

Participants

795 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics at 15 public health facilities and 41 health workers working for the surveyed facilities.

Outcome measures

The outcome variable, women’s satisfaction with ANC, was constructed from multiple satisfaction items using principal component analysis on an ordered, categorical and three-point Likert scale. The key hypothesised factors considered were structural and process aspects of care. Data were analysed using the partial proportional odds model with 95% CI.

Results

The result revealed that only 30.3% of the pregnant women were highly satisfied, whereas 31.7% had a lower satisfaction level. The findings showed that process quality indicators better predicted client satisfaction. In relation to this, better scores in history taking (aOR1=aOR2; 1.81 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.60)), counselling (aOR1= aOR2; 1.89 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.69)) and screening (aOR1= aOR2; 18.10 (95% CI 11.52 to 28.39)) were associated with achieving higher satisfaction. We also observed a significant but lower satisfaction among women in the late trimester of pregnancy (aOR1= aOR2; 0.87 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.97)). However, we did not see any significant relationship between structural variables and client satisfaction.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated that women’s satisfaction with ANC was low. The contents of ANC services covered during client–provider interaction were the main factors affecting client satisfaction. This suggests that efforts are required to improve the competencies of health professionals to make them more effective while dealing with clients.
Prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated factors in patients attending geriatric clinics in Vietnam: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nguyen Tam Ngoc , Nguyen Tu Ngoc , Nguyen Anh Trung , Nguyen Thanh Xuan , Nguyen Huong Thu Thi , Nguyen Thu Thi Hoai , Pham Thang , Vu Huyen Thanh Thi
Published: September 2020

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated factors in patients attending geriatric clinics in Vietnam.

Design and setting

A cross-sectional study was conducted in consecutive patients aged ≥60 visiting outpatient clinics of the National Geriatric Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, from January 2018 to October 2018. Handgrip strength was measured with a hand dynamometer. Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was applied to measure the appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Sarcopenia was defined by the criteria proposed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) and by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project.

Results

There were 600 participants, mean age 70.0±8.0, 60.8% female. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 54.7% according to AWGS 2019 criteria and 40.5% according to FNIH. In multivariate logistic regression, age (adjusted OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.11), male (adjusted OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.21), underweight (adjusted OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.41), being malnourished (adjusted OR 3.77, 95% CI 1.19 to 11.91), chronic lung diseases (adjusted OR 3.48, 95% CI 2.10 to 5.77) and lower physical activity were significantly associated with sarcopenia defined by AWGS 2019 criteria. With FNIH definition, the significantly associated factors were age (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.11), male (adjusted OR 6.78, 95% CI 4.12 to 11.17), low education (adjusted OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.63), being malnourished (adjusted OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.28 to 8.76), chronic lung diseases (adjusted OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.56 to 4.28) and lower physical activity level.

Conclusion

The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients attending geriatric clinics was high. Further studies are needed to examine the impact of sarcopenia on adverse outcomes in this population.
TRIPOD statement: a preliminary pre-post analysis of reporting and methods of prediction models
Authors: Zamanipoor Najafabadi Amir H , Ramspek Chava L , Dekker Friedo W , Heus Pauline , Hooft Lotty , Moons Karel G M , Peul Wilco C , Collins Gary S , Steyerberg Ewout W , van Diepen Merel
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To assess the difference in completeness of reporting and methodological conduct of published prediction models before and after publication of the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement.

Methods

In the seven general medicine journals with the highest impact factor, we compared the completeness of the reporting and the quality of the methodology of prediction model studies published between 2012 and 2014 (pre-TRIPOD) with studies published between 2016 and 2017 (post-TRIPOD). For articles published in the post-TRIPOD period, we examined whether there was improved reporting for articles (1) citing the TRIPOD statement, and (2) published in journals that published the TRIPOD statement.

Results

A total of 70 articles was included (pre-TRIPOD: 32, post-TRIPOD: 38). No improvement was seen for the overall percentage of reported items after the publication of the TRIPOD statement (pre-TRIPOD 74%, post-TRIPOD 76%, 95% CI of absolute difference: −4% to 7%). For the individual TRIPOD items, an improvement was seen for 16 (44%) items, while 3 (8%) items showed no improvement and 17 (47%) items showed a deterioration. Post-TRIPOD, there was no improved reporting for articles citing the TRIPOD statement, nor for articles published in journals that published the TRIPOD statement. The methodological quality improved in the post-TRIPOD period. More models were externally validated in the same article (absolute difference 8%, post-TRIPOD: 39%), used measures of calibration (21%, post-TRIPOD: 87%) and discrimination (9%, post-TRIPOD: 100%), and used multiple imputation for handling missing data (12%, post-TRIPOD: 50%).

Conclusions

Since the publication of the TRIPOD statement, some reporting and methodological aspects have improved. Prediction models are still often poorly developed and validated and many aspects remain poorly reported, hindering optimal clinical application of these models. Long-term effects of the TRIPOD statement publication should be evaluated in future studies.
Remodelling intravitreal therapy pathways for macular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic and an Austrian national lockdown
Authors: Huemer Josef , Hienert Julius , Hirn Cornelia , Hackl Christoph , Radda Stephan M , Findl Oliver
Published: September 2020

Objective

To analyse the remodelling and recovery of a relocated intravitreal injection (IVI) service with an adapted treatment regimen in a tertiary referral centre during a nationwide lockdown with initial cancellation of all non-emergency treatments caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods and analysis

For this retrospective observational study at Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, between 16 March 2020 and 5 May 2020, we conducted an analysis of an appointment booking system based on prioritisation incorporating disease class, severity and fellow eye status by evidence-based impact on irreversible structural impairment and survey data from telephone interviews. Recapture time was defined as the time-to-discard the backlog of patients in need for treatment. Non-attendance was stratified as treatment refusal for personal reasons and non-attendance due to lockdown-related restrictions.

Results

Of the 1109 patients, 241 (21.7%) were considered as highly urgent, 269 (24.3%) as urgent, 402 (36.2%) as semiurgent and 197 (17.8%) as non-urgent. Recapture time was 15 days for highly urgent patients, 22 days for urgent patients, 43 days for semiurgent patients and 46 days for non-urgent patients. The proportion of patients who refused treatment due to personal reasons was 5.2%, with a mean age of 82.4 years; 29 patients (2.6%) could not attend due to lockdown-related restrictions.

Conclusion

By streamlining treatment based on urgency as well as increasing the number of bilateral IVI, recapture time was fast. We could provide a safe treatment environment for healthcare professionals and patients after resetting the injection service outside of the hospital with increased levels of protection.
Comparative study of transition FLRW and axially symmetric cosmological structures with domain walls in f(R, T) gravity
Authors: Sharma Umesh Kumar , Mishra Ambuj Kumar , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: September 2020

In the present article, we study the physical and geometric scenario of the inflection of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) and an axially symmetric perfect fluid Universe with thick domain walls in f(R, T) theory of gravitation (Harko et al. Phys. Rev. D, 84, 024020 (2011)), where R and T represent Ricci scalar and trace of the stress–energy–momentum tensor, respectively, in the scenario of decelerating–accelerating transition phases. To ascertain the exact solution of the corresponding field equations, we use the concept of a time-subordinate deceleration parameter, which brings forth the scale factor [Formula: see text], where n and α are positive parameters. For n ∈ (0.27, 1], a class of accelerating phase is ensured while for n > 1, the Universe attains a phase transition from positive (decelerating) to negative (accelerating), which is uniform with recent observations. The models have been tested for physical feasibility by using stability. Physical and geometric behavior of the models are also explored.
On quintessence star model and strange star
Authors: Estevez-Delgado Gabino , Estevez-Delgado Joaquin
Published: September 2020

The astronomical observations on the accelerated expansion of the universe generate the possibility that the internal matter of the stars is not only formed by ordinary matter but also by matter with negative pressure. We discuss the existence of stars formed by the coexistence of two types of fluids, one associated to quintessence dark matter described by the radial and tangential pressures $$(P_{rq},P_{tq})$$

(

P

rq

,

P

tq

)

and the density $$\rho _{q}$$

ρ
q

characterized by a parameter $$-1<w<-\frac{1}{3}$$

-
1
<
w
<
-

1
3

and ordinary matter described by an anisotropic fluid with radial pressure of a strange star given by the MIT Bag model $$P_r=\frac{1}{3}(c^2\rho -4B_g)$$

P
r

=

1
3

(

c
2

ρ
-
4

B
g

)

and tangential pressure $$P_t=\frac{1}{3}(c^2\rho -4B_g)-\frac{3}{2}(1+w)c^2\rho _q$$

P
t

=

1
3

(

c
2

ρ
-
4

B
g

)

-

3
2

(
1
+
w
)

c
2

ρ
q

, in which the effect is reflected of the quintessence dark matter over the ordinary matter. Via a theorem we show that the geometry that describes this interaction is equivalent to that of a perfect fluid with ordinary matter. Taking as geometry the one associated with a model for neutron stars, a physically acceptable and stable model is obtained. The application to the star Her X-1, as a candidate to a strange quark star, generates for us a value of the MIT Bag constant $$B_g = 97.0048\,\mathrm{Mev}/\mathrm{fm}^3$$

B
g

=
97.0048

Mev
/

fm

3

, which is found to be inside the expected interval.
BIOMECHANICAL EFFECTS OF HYPERPRONATION ON MULTIDIRECTIONAL ANKLE ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT AND STIFFNESS
Authors: KIM GEON , JUNG JIHEE , CHA YOUNGJOO , YOU JOSHUA (SUNG) H.
Published: September 2020

Hyperpronation of the foot is believed to contribute to ankle hypermobility and associated stiffness reduction, but the underlying biomechanical mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimsed to investigate multidirectional ankle displacement and associated stiffness when a posterior–anterior impact force was applied to the posterior knee compartment. Forty healthy adults with and without foot hyperpronation were recruited. A three-dimensional motion capture system and force plates were used to acquire angular displacement and ankle joint moment data. The independent [Formula: see text]-test and Mann–Whitney [Formula: see text] test were used to compare the group differences in ankle angular displacement, moment, and stiffness. Spearman’s rho test was performed to determine the relationship between ankle angular displacement and stiffness. The hyperpronation group demonstrated significantly greater sagittal ([Formula: see text]) and frontal plane ([Formula: see text]) angular displacements and reduced sagittal plane ankle stiffness ([Formula: see text]) than the neutral group. The Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a close inverse relationship between the ankle angular displacement and stiffness, ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The biomechanical data in our study suggest that individuals with foot hyperpronation present with multidirectional hypermobility and a reduction in ankle stiffness. These factors contribute to an increased risk of ankle-foot injury in individuals with foot hyperpronation.
Memory and Sleep: How Sleep Cognition Can Change the Waking Mind for the Better
Authors: Paller Ken A. , Creery Jessica D. , Schechtman Eitan
Published: September 2020

The memories that we retain can serve many functions. They guide our future actions, form a scaffold for constructing the self, and continue to shape both the self and the way we perceive the world. Although most memories we acquire each day are forgotten, those integrated within the structure of multiple prior memories tend to endure. A rapidly growing body of research is steadily elucidating how the consolidation of memories depends on their reactivation during sleep. Processing memories during sleep not only helps counteract their weakening but also supports problem solving, creativity, and emotional regulation. Yet, sleep-based processing might become maladaptive, such as when worries are excessively revisited. Advances in research on memory and sleep can thus shed light on how this processing influences our waking life, which can further inspire the development of novel strategies for decreasing detrimental rumination-like activity during sleep and for promoting beneficial sleep cognition.
High Durability and Electrocatalytic Activity Toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction with Ultralow Rhodium Loading on Titania
Authors: Akbayrak Merve , Önal Ahmet M.
Published: September 2020

Herein, we report the synthesis of titania supported Rh(0) nanoparticles (Rh0/TiO2) as electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic medium. Rhodium nanoparticles with an average particle size of 2.54 nm are found to be well-dispersed on TiO2 surface. Rh0/TiO2 with very low loading density (3.79 μg cm−2) was attached on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by drop-casting method. Electrocatalytic performance of modified GCE was investigated via linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in 0.5 M aqueous H2SO4 solution after 2000 cycle treatment (Rh0/TiO2-2000) and it was found that Rh0/TiO2-2000 on GCE exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity (TOF: 11.45 s−1 at η = 100 mV, η
0:−28 mV, η
10 mA cm
−2: −37 mV, j0: 0.686 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope: 32 Mv dec−1). More importantly, it provides outstanding long-term stability (10000 cycles) at room temperature for HER, which makes Rh0/TiO2-2000 a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen generation.
Plasmonic Ag/N-doped Graphene Nanoflakes as Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Enhanced by Solar Energy
Authors: Wang Zhihuan , Gong Chong , Li Guofu , Chen Yingjie , Sui Lina , Dong Lifeng
Published: September 2020

Plasmonic Ag nanoparticles have strong spectral absorption in ultraviolet and visible light due to unique localized surface plasmon resonance effects. Meanwhile, nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) incorporates nitrogen (N) atoms into graphene lattice through a hydrothermal process, thereby providing active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) sites. Herein, N-doped graphene decorated with plasmonic Ag nanoparticles (Ag/NG) is synthesized and utilized as ORR catalyst. The ORR performance of Ag/NG greatly exceeds that of pure NG. Its half-wave potential is 0.86 V, exceeding that of commercial Pt/C (0.83 V). Under the AM 1.5G simulated sunlight, Ag/NG demonstrates photo-enhanced electrocatalytic performance with right shifting of onset potential and half-wave potential. In this case, the half-wave potential increases by 10 mV, while the current density also rises significantly. Therefore, the Ag/NG composite provides a potential strategy for the development of solar-enhanced electrocatalysts for fuel cells and metal-air batteries.
Sympathoexcitatory input from hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons projecting to rostral ventrolateral medulla is enhanced after myocardial infarction
Authors: Koba Satoshi , Hanai Eri , Kumada Nao , Watanabe Tatsuo
Published: September 2020

Using optogenetics in rats, we report that sympathoexcitatory input from hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons that project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla is enhanced after myocardial infarction. It is suggested that this monosynaptic pathway makes up a key part of central nervous system circuitry underlying sympathetic hyperactivation commonly seen in heart failure.
Tissue-specific small heat shock protein 20 activation is not associated with traditional autophagy markers in Ossabaw swine with cardiometabolic heart failure
Authors: Silva Kleiton Augusto Santos , Leary Emily V. , Olver T. Dylan , Domeier Timothy L. , Padilla Jaume , Rector R. Scott , Emter Craig A.
Published: September 2020

Our study shows that the activation of HSPB6 is tissue specific and associated with variable states of downstream markers of autophagy in a unique preclinical swine model of cardiometabolic HF with potential relevance to HFpEF. These findings suggest that targeted approaches could be an important consideration regarding the development of drugs aimed at this intracellular recycling process.
Neurological Components in Coronavirus Induced Disease: A Review of the Literature Related to SARS, MERS, and COVID-19
Authors: Zegarra-Valdivia J. A. , Chino-Vilca B. N. , Tairo-Cerron T. , Munive V. , Lastarria-Perez C. , Ames-Guerrero R. J.
Published: September 2020

Background. COVID-19 has been declared the pandemic of the 21st century, causing more than 45,000 deaths worldwide. The abrupt release of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated the potential infection, morbidity, and lethality of zoonotic viruses and human-to-human transmission. Fever, cough, and fatigue are reported as the most common symptoms of the disease, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, and also signs of severe illness, such as shock, acute cardiac injury, and renal lesions, are described. Considering the previous works related to human coronavirus and other zoonotic infections, it has been demonstrated that the neuroinvasive propensity is a common characteristic of coronaviruses, especially in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.Objective. In the present review, we analyzed the potential neurological components involved in coronavirus infections and detailed the neurological syndromes related to COVID-19. We also examined the mechanism of transmission and CNS pathology related to other viruses with similar structures such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.Methods. A comprehensive search of different original articles and clinical, experimental, and review studies was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We selected 92 articles that have been published in journals or preprints according to the search words and the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results. COVID-19 patients may experience neurological symptoms such as headache, impaired mental status, confusion, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, anosmia/hyposmia, and dysgeusia/hypogeusia as initial symptoms, with more severe manifestations such as seizures or coma later on. The neurological signs shown are clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Given that both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have similar structures, these viruses may share comparable neurological symptoms and similar progression. Coronaviruses are linked to central nervous system dysfunction, and they are also reported as the probable cause of multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, and meningitis.