bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING ON SPEAKING COMPETENCE OF 10TH GRADE STUDENTS IN PHO YEN HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Thủy Nguyễn Thị , Loan Nguyễn Thị Minh
Published: November 2020

Trong thập kỷ qua, học tập hợp tác được nhiều nhà giáo dục quan tâm nghiên cứu và ứng dụng như một trong những cách tiếp cận hàng đầu trong môi trường nói. Trong bối cảnh giảng dạy ở trường Trung học Phổ thông Phổ Yên, có một số vấn đề còn tồn tại đối với kỹ năng nói mà nhà nghiên cứu gặp phải trong quá trình giúp học sinh nói trong lớp học như việc ngại ngùng khi phát biểu ý kiến cá nhân, thụ động trong hoạt động phát biểu, v.v. Do đó, mục đích của nghiên cứu là đánh giá tác động của học tập hợp tác đối với năng lực nói của học sinh và khám phá thái độ của họ đối với phương pháp này. Đối tượng tham gia nghiên cứu là 40 em học sinh lớp 10, bao gồm 19 nam và 21 nữ đều có độ tuổi là 15. Nghiên cứu sử dụng kết hợp hai công cụ thu thập dữ liệu: bài kiểm tra nói và bảng câu hỏi. Nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra những thay đổi đáng kể về khả năng nói tiếng Anh của học sinh so với trước khi sử dụng phương pháp học hợp tác. Hơn nữa, hầu hết các sinh viên đều bày tỏ thái độ tích cực đối với việc áp dụng phương pháp học hợp tác và quan tâm đến làm việc nhóm, điều này chứng tỏ rằng họ tin vào những tác động tích cực của nó. Bên cạnh đó, một số gợi ý được đưa ra để giảm thiểu những thiếu sót của việc sử dụng phương pháp học hợp tác trong các lớp học nói tiếng Anh nhằm nâng cao tiềm năng của phương pháp này và làm cho nó trở nên thú vị, ý nghĩa và lấy người học làm trung tâm.
NON-ENGLISH MAJORS’ PERCEPTIONS AND USE OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES AT A VIETNAMESE EFL CONTEXT
Authors: Trinh Võ Thị Tú , Thẩm Dương Mỹ
Published: November 2020

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm tìm hiểu nhận thức của sinh viên năm thứ ba không chuyên ngữ tại một trường cao đẳng ở thành phố Hồ Chí Minh về tầm quan trọng của chiến lược siêu nhận thức cũng như mức độ áp dụng chiến lược siêu nhận thức của những sinh viên này. Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu còn xem xét sự khác biệt giữa 2 yếu tố này. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện với sự tham gia của 342 sinh viên. Dữ liệu định lượng thu được từ bảng hỏi được phân tích bằng phần mềm thống kê phân tích SPSS (26.0). Bên cạnh đó, phương pháp phân tích nội dung được sử dụng để phân tích dữ liệu định tính thu thập từ phỏng vấn bán cấu trúc. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy rằng, đa số đối tượng khảo sát nhận thấy tầm quan trọng của các chiến lược siêu nhận thức đối với việc học tiếng Anh của mình; họ sử dụng những chiến lược siêu nhận thức liên quan đến việc lập mục tiêu học tập, điều chỉnh nội dung học theo nhu cầu bản thân và phản ánh lại những gì đã học một cách khá thường xuyên; có sự khác biệt đáng kể giữa nhận thức và việc sử dụng các chiến lược siêu nhận thức của những sinh viên này. Trên cơ sở những kết quả tìm được của nghiên cứu này, các nghiên cứu sau có thể tìm hiểu sâu hơn về chiến lược tự học, đặc biệt là chiến lược siêu nhận thức.
CULVERT ON THE JOŠANICA RIVER (JOŠANIČKI POTOK)
Authors: Buhavac Biljana
Published: November 2020

The bridge is one of the most important buildings used to overcome natural and artificial obstacles. The paper presents a constructed culvert (small bridge) on the river Jošanica, which was designed according to EN 1990 (Basics for structural design), EN 1991-1 (Structural loads) and EN 1991-2 (design of concrete structures). line model 2D (closed frame construction) calculated in the software package Tower 7. The paper approaches the modeling of structures and taking an adequate load. It would be necessary for further research to perform omission auscultations and examine the applicability of the applied methodology for modeling and calculation of the structure.
FORMING OF THE SINKHOLE IN DOLJANI AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE IMPACT OF UNDERGROUND WATER
Authors: Nikolić Toni , Hodžić Almir , Nezirić Omer
Published: November 2020

One of the specific engineering geology process become like consequence impact of underground water with properly condition of geological factors, which should accomplish some criterion to this process happened. The sinkhole is usually related for karstic rocks, where is form karstic sinkhole and been plugged by pure soil over time. Than in some condition that siphon of hole is open (usually impacted by water) to water remove soft soil material and like consequence terrain over hole collapse. Almost all Florida is impacted by process of sinkhole and is not rarely to this engineering process swallow complete settlements, that way we should give full attention to this problem. Identical process forming of sinkhole depth 8m and wide 10m was happened in December 2019. in Doljani near Jablanica. Over this publication will be by detail explain this geological case with complete overview factors before and after collapse. Will be described general parameters and reason why that happened with describe of natural and anthropogenic impact. In most important part of publication will be processing prevention and urgent remediation consequence of sinkhole with a focused on factors which caused lost terrain support, with aim to share this experience how similar process in future will be recognized and recovered promptly.
2020 CITRENZ Conference Book
Authors: Erturk Emre
Published: November 2020

This is a copy of the 2020 Conference Proceedings available at https://www.citrenz.ac.nz/2020-proceedings/ Additionally, the website also has the posters. Editor: Dr. Emre Erturk. The Editorial Board is listed in this document. CITRENZ is in its 11th year, with the predecessor NACCQ going back 33 years. It is a highly influential annual conference: https://www.citrenz.ac.nz/proceedings-index/ This year, the event was held under the auspices of IT Professionals NZ (the largest body of IT professionals and educators), and completely online due to travel restrictions: https://itx.nz/CITRENZConference
Detailed analysis of Ga-rich current pathways created in an n-Al0.7Ga0.3N layer grown on an AlN template with dense macrosteps
Authors: Nagasawa Yosuke , Hirano Akira , Ippommatsu Masamichi , Sako Hideki , Hashimoto Ai , Sugie Ryuichi , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi , Akasaki Isamu , Kojima Kazunobu , Chichibu Shigefusa F.
Published: November 2020

To clarify the behavior of the AlGaN in 20 nm wide Ga-rich current pathways in an n-AlGaN layer, which assists carrier localization in AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes, we performed a detailed analysis using an n-Al0.7Ga0.3N layer on AlN with dense macrosteps on a 1.0° miscut sapphire substrate. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, obtained using cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy calibrated by Rutherford backscattering and cross-sectional cathodoluminescence spectra, indicated that AlN mole fraction in the Ga-rich current pathways was nearly ~2/3. This result is consistent with those of other research groups, suggesting that metastable Al2/3Ga1/3N is created in Ga-rich current pathways.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN EMERGENCY VERSUS ELECTIVE LAPAROTOMY
Authors: Prasad Binit , Kumar Mukesh , Jana Debarshi
Published: November 2020

Background: The incidences of post-operative complications are higher after laparotomy particularly in emergency.This study was aimed to evaluate and compare postoperative complications after emergency versus elective laparotomy performed at IGIMS, Patna.
Methods: This comparative study was carried out at Department of General Surgery in Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar during period of January 2019 to December 2019 All the patients who underwent laparotomy (elective or emergency) were included in the study. Demographic data about patients was collected and noted in pro forma. Patients were followed in postoperative period and any complication developed recorded. Complications compared according to nature of laparotomy whether elective or emergency.
Results: A total of 350 patients underwent emergency laparotomy and 50 patients underwent elective laparotomy.128 (36.57%) patients developed complications following emergency laparotomy while 11 (22%) patients developed complication after elective laparotomy. Postoperative complications following emergency laparotomy included pyrexia (18.2%) followed by nausea and vomiting (12%), wound infection (11.4%), respiratory tract infection (6.85%), urinary tract infection (2.28%), gastrointestinal complications (3.71%), toxemia and septicaemia (8%). After elective laparotomy 20% patients showed postoperative fever, 10% patients suffered from postoperative nausea and vomiting and wound infection was noted in 4% patients.
Conclusions: In comparison to elective laparotomy postoperative complications are more common in emergencylaparotomy.
GLABROUS & NON-GLABROUS SPLIT SKIN GRAFT IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF FLEXION CONTRACTURE OF FINGERS – AN OBSERVATIONALAND COMPARATIVE STUDY.
Authors: Gaur Abhishek , Gaur Nidhi
Published: November 2020

Background: Flexion contractures of the fingers cause functional and aesthetic problems to a burn patient. Various methods of reconstruction have been described in the literature. These include release and split thickness grafting, release and full thickness grafting. Among those incision or excision of the contracture band and split skin grafting were the simplest and commonest techniques. In this study, we aim to compare functional & aesthetic outcomes of glabrous & non glabrous split skin graft in flexion contracture of fingers. Methods: A total of 60 fingers of patients of post burn finger contractures were undertaken for the study. Patients were evaluated preoperatively on duration of contracture, extent of involvement, type of scar, range of movements using goniometer and degree of fixed flexion deformity. Finger contractures were released and resurfacing done with glabrous & non-glabrous split thickness skin grafts. Postoperative evaluation was done by measuring range of movements of Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) and Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints, flexion deformity, donor site morbidity, number of visits to the hospital, colour match of graft to adjacent skin. Results: Functional outcome in terms of active range of motion combined at DIP joint, PIP joint & metacarpophalangeal joint were similar in both glabrous split thickness skin graft & non glabrous split thickness skin graft at the end of six months. As compared with non-glabrous split thickness skin grafts, glabrous split thickness grafts provided superior colour & texture match to surround tissue. There was no significant donor site morbidity in plantar in-step area & patients were able to walk from third to fourth post operative day. There was minimal hypertrophy of plantar donor site, owing to persistent pressure in standing posture. Conclusion: Patient’s satisfaction was greater in glabrous split skin graft.
Features of the use of cultivars of the genus Canna L. in landscape construction of cities in Udmurtia
Authors: Kuzmina N. M. , Fedorov A. V.
Published: November 2020

A striking element in the floral design of green spaces is Canna×generalis. One of the reasons for the low prevalence of this crop is the complexity of preserving planting material and its high cost. To solve the problem of preservation of Canna×generalis rhizomes grown in the Middle Urals, studies were conducted with the storage of large rhizomes (bud diameter from 2.6 cm to 4 cm) and small fractions (bud diameter from 1.0 cm to 2.5 cm) in various ways - open (air-dry) and in sand. The analysis of amylase activity, starch and sugar content at the beginning and end of the rhizome storage period, and the number of sprouted buds at the end of the storage period was performed. Open storage of C.×generalis rhizomes was found to be the optimal storage method, which was evaluated by a total of 24 points. During this storage, there was a high activity of awakening the buds before planting in the ground (more than 50%) and getting a more even seedling. This storage method is suitable for small-flowered tall cultivars of C.×generalis that form large rhizomes. Large-flowered C.×generalis must be stored with a lump of earth, since their rhizomes do not have large reserves of starch and dry up when stored in an air-dry way. Of the 9 cultivars of C.×generalis studied in the collection of the Department of introduction and acclimatization of plants, in the conditions of the Middle Urals, 4 cultivars have proved themselves well: 'Diamond’ ‘' Rosemond Coyles’ ‘ 'Richard Wallens’,' Red king Humbert’ and the old small-flowered and tall sample ' Yunnatsky’, which have an annual abundant and long flowering. As a result of the monitoring of flower design in the cities of Udmurtia, it was found that C.×generalis is more widely used in the city of Sarapul, less often in Izhevsk, and in Glazov and Votkinsk it is not used.
APPROACH TO DETERMINING THE VALUE OF THE DYNAMIC RANGE OF AN OPTICAL RECEIVER THAT IMPLEMENTS DIRECT AND HETERODYNE DETECTION METHODS
Authors: Козирацкий А.Ю. , Гревцев А.И. , Буров Р.И.
Published: November 2020

Рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с определением возможностей использования фотодетекторов в различных схемах детектирования при приеме сигналов с изменяющейся амплитудой. Определены особенности влияния реализуемых на практике схем детектирования на величину динамического диапазона фотодетектора и потенциально достижимую чувствительность. Разработан подход, позволяющий провести сравнительную оценку изменения величины динамического диапазона в зависимости от реализуемой схемы оптического приемника. Показано, что в отличие от схемы прямого детектирования, где величина динамического диапазона напрямую определяется свойствами самого фотодетектора, при гетеродинном детектировании основную роль в определении указанной величины играет уровень опорного колебания. Анализ полученных результатов показывает, что адаптивное управление величиной опорного колебания при переходе к схеме гетеродинного детектирования с сохранением типа фотодетектора позволяет не только существенно расширить диапазон изменения амплитуды принимаемых сигналов и максимизировать величину динамического диапазона, но и реализовать потенциально достижимую чувствительность, величина которой определяется шумовыми свойствами самого фотодетектора. Конкретизация типа рассматриваемых фотодетекторов позволила ограничиться рассмотрением только теплового и дробового шумов. Определение величины динамического диапазона для других типов фотодетекторов в рамках данного подхода возможно с учетом присущих им шумовых свойств

Here we consider issues related to determining the possibilities of using photodetectors in various detection schemes when receiving signals with varying amplitudes. We determined the features of the influence of practical detection schemes on the value of the dynamic range of the photodetector and the potentially achievable sensitivity. We developed an approach that allows for a comparative assessment of changes in the dynamic range depending on the implemented optical receiver scheme. We show that in contrast to the direct detection scheme, where the value of the dynamic range is directly determined by the properties of the photodetector itself, in the case of heterodyne detection, the level of the reference oscillation plays a decisive role in determining this value. Analysis of the obtained results shows that adaptive control of the reference oscillation value when switching to the heterodyne detection scheme with the preservation of the photodetector type allows us not only to significantly expand the range of changes in the amplitude of the received signals and maximize the dynamic range but also to realize a potentially achievable sensitivity, the value of which is determined by the noise properties of the photodetector itself
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE METAMATERIAL PYRAMIDAL HORN INTEGRATED INTO THE CONSTRUCTION ON THE DIRECTIONAL DIAGRAM
Authors: Ищенко Е.А. , Пастернак Ю.Г. , Сиваш М.А. , Фёдоров С.М.
Published: November 2020

Рассматривается метаматериал, который интегрирован в конструкцию пирамидальной рупорной антенны. Коммутация узлов метаматериала позволяет осуществлять управление диаграммой направленности рассматриваемой антенны. Для замыкания узлов в решетке метаматериала применяются pin-диоды, которые имеют в открытом состоянии эквивалентную схему, представляющую собой последовательное соединение сопротивления 2,1 Ом и индуктивности 0,6 нГн. Предложенная конструкция позволяет добиться управления характеристиками диаграммы направленности рассматриваемой антенны в широких пределах. Управление характеристиками антенн путем применения метаматериалов различных конструкций является передовым методом управления характеристиками излучателя. Для получения результатов применялось электродинамическое моделирование в специализированном программном обеспечении, на основе полученных результатов были построены диаграммы направленности в диапазоне работы рупорной антенны. Приведены результаты моделирования в виде трехмерных моделей исследуемых конструкций метаматериала, коммутируемых узлов; диаграммы направленности полученных антенн, на которых были определены изменения, вносимые коммутируемыми линиями метаматериала. Наибольшее изменение картин диаграмм направленности наблюдалось на частотах 13 и 14 ГГц, входящих в целевой диапазон работ рупорной антенны, основные исследования производились в H-плоскости рупора, так как коммутации подвергались вертикальные линии метаматериала

The article discusses a metamaterial that is integrated into the structure of a pyramidal horn. Switching the nodes of the metamaterial allows you to control the radiation pattern of the antenna in question. To close the nodes in the lattice of the metamaterial, pin diodes are used, which in the open state have an equivalent circuit, which is a series connection of a resistance of 2.1 Ohm and an inductance of 0.6 nH. The proposed design makes it possible to achieve control over the characteristics of the radiation pattern of the antenna in question over a wide range. Antenna control by the use of metamaterials of various designs is an advanced method of a beam control. To obtain the results, electrodynamic modeling was used in specialized software, on the basis of the results obtained, directional patterns were constructed in the operating range of the horn antenna. The article presents the results of modeling in the form of three-dimensional models of the investigated metamaterial structures, switched nodes; directional diagrams of the received antennas, on which the changes introduced by the switched lines of the metamaterial were determined. The greatest change in the patterns of radiation patterns was observed at frequencies of 13 and 14 GHz, included in the target range of the horn antenna, the main studies were carried out in the H-plane of the horn, since the vertical lines of the metamaterial were subjected to commutation
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE STATE OF THE ORAL CAVITY USING A SIMPLIFIED INDEX OF HYGIENE IGR-U
Authors: Полушкина Наталия Александровна , Вечеркина Жанна Владимировна , Олейник Ольга Игоревна , Андреева Елена Анатольевна , Примачева Наталья Владимировна
Published: November 2020

Среди важнейших проблем современной стоматологии воспалительные заболевания пародонта занимают одно из ведущих мест. Несмотря на определенные успехи, достигнутые в расшифровке причин и разработке методов лечения хронического генерализованного пародонтита (ХГП), механизмы его возникновения и развития до настоящего времени окончательно не определены. Хронический генерализованный пародонтит остается наиболее распространенной и тяжелой стоматологической патологией. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, основанным на клиническом обследовании населения 53 стран, наиболее высокий показатель заболеваемости пародонтитом и гингивитом выявляется в возрасте от 35 до 44 лет и составляет 65-98%. Многочисленные исследования последних десятилетий, посвященные вопросам состояния неспецифической защиты и иммунного статуса полости рта при ХГП, показали, что в развитии воспалительно-дистрофического процесса в пародонте определяющая роль отводится изменениям местного и общего иммунитета. Таким образом, в данной работе представлены результаты проведенных исследований, направленные на изучение данных проблем, особенно важны для повышения эффективности ортопедического лечения пациентов с хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом, осложненным частичным отсутствием зубов на фоне сахарного диабета и представляются нам актуальными

Among the most important problems of modern dentistry, inflammatory periodontal diseases occupy one of the leading places. Despite some progress achieved in deciphering the causes and developing methods for treating chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP), the mechanisms of its occurrence and development have not yet been finally determined. Chronic generalized periodontitis remains the most common and severe dental disease. According to the World Health Organization, based on a clinical survey of the population of 53 countries, the highest incidence rate of periodontitis and gingivitis is detected at the age of 35 to 44 years and is 65-98%. Numerous studies of recent decades, devoted to the state of nonspecific protection and the immune status of the oral cavity in CGP, have shown that changes in local and general immunity play a decisive role in the development of the inflammatory-dystrophic process in the periodontium. Thus, this work presents the results of studies aimed at studying these problems, which are especially important for increasing the effectiveness of orthopedic treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis complicated by partial absence of teeth on the background of diabetes mellitus and seem to us relevant
The Attitude of University Students to Participating in Sports for All in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AL Ohali Hebah H.
Published: November 2020

The present study aims to investigate the attitude, obstacles, and suggestions for female students to participate in sports for all in Saudi Arabia. It adopted the social survey approach and applied the questionnaire and scale of attitude to a randomly selected sample of (375) students at King Saud University. The study concluded that the total score of the attitude was high. The cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects were ranked first, second, and third, respectively. The free time constraints, temperature, and weather fluctuations are the most significant obstacles, while increasing women's clubs and decreasing subscription fees are the most important constituents. The study recommends providing various and free sports activities, courses, and symposia to disseminate the culture of sports for all among university students.
Managing the Psycho-Social Vacuum of COVID-19 among Rural Learners through Ubuntu
Authors: Omodan Bunmi Isaiah
Published: November 2020

The advent of COVID-19 has thrown the world in upheaval, most notably in the operationalisation of secondary schools. Observation, bodies of existing literature, and experience have shown that rural secondary school learners are disillusioned and uncertain on the future of their academic development amidst the “psycho-social” vagueness regarding their schooling and well-being. This study draws its background from South African teachers’ perspectives and proposed Ubuntu as relational framework lensing through Transformative Paradigm to respond to the problem. Critical Emancipatory Research was adopted as a research design. Five secondary schools located in Thabo Mofutsanyane municipality of the Free State, South Africa, form the research site. Two teachers each were selected from the schools using the opportunistic selection approach. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data from the teachers on the challenges faced in managing learners during the pandemic and how to manage the effect of COVID-19 on the learners. Socio-thematic Analysis (StA) was used to analyse the data. The findings showed that learners in rural areas are disadvantaged through the poverty line, affected psycho-socially, and that the need for sociological and psychological supports for teachers and learners becomes expedient in the management of the vacuum created by COVID-19. The study concluded that the principle of Ubuntu during and after COVID19 is a possible means to ameliorate the vacuum.
Dažnai plaučių infekcinėmis ligomis sergantis vaikas
Authors: Misevičienė Valdonė
Published: November 2020

Ūminės ir pasikartojančios kvėpavimo takų infekcinės ligos yra dažniausia patologija vaikystėje ir viena dažniausių kreipimosi į šeimos gydytoją ar pediatrą priežasčių. Vaikai dažniau serga viršutinių kvėpavimo takų ligomis, bet apie 10–30 proc. ligonių kartojasi ir apatinių kvėpavimo takų ligos. Dauguma kvėpavimo takų infekcinių ligų praeina savaime ir yra lengvos eigos. Tačiau kai kuriems vaikams jos linkusios kartotis. Gydytojui svarbu nuspręsti, kuri liga nekelia susirūpinimo ir praeis savaime, o kuri gali būti rimta, progresuojanti kvėpavimo takų patologija. Straipsnyje pateikiami literatūros duomenys apie dažniausias pasikartojančių kvėpavimo takų infekcinių ligų priežastis bei jų diferencinę diagnostiką.
Plaučių imunohistocheminiai pokyčiai sergant lėtine obstrukcine plaučių liga ir astma
Authors: Januškevičiūtė Asta
Published: November 2020

Astma ir lėtinė obstrukcinė plaučių liga (LOPL) – lėtinės, obstrukcinės kvėpavimo takų uždegimo ligos, kurios skiriasi savo klinika bei patogeneze. Astmos bei LOPL patogenezėje dalyvauja daug ląstelių. Imunohistocheminiais metodais nustatomas padidėjęs neutrofilų, makrofagų bei CD8+ T limfocitų kiekis LOPL atvejais ir padidėjęs eozinofilų, putliųjų ląstelių, CD4+ T limfocitų kiekis bronchų astmos atvejais.
ON ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AND ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVITY OF STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE IN THE SITUATION OF TRANSITION TO DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Корницкая Анна Борисовна , Палагина Оксана Игоревна
Published: November 2020

Статья посвящена обзору и анализу мер, направленных на профилактику проявлений академической нечестности во время выполнения контрольных и проверочных работ студентами, изучающими иностранные языки, в условиях экстренного перехода с очного на дистанционный формат обучения.

The article deals with the survey and the analysis of the measures aimed at preventing cases of academic dishonesty during test-taking in the emergency transition to distance learning by full-time students studying foreign languages.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS IN PERSIAN
Authors: Байбулатов Шакир Арсланович , Асадов Мурад Физулиевич , Бикбаев Вадим Манцурович
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматриваются особенности классификации имен существительных в персидском языке по различным способам выражения, роль существительных в предложении и в системе частей речи. Отмечается, что при сравнении в персидском и русском языках наблюдаются случаи несовпадения в выражении таких понятий, как собирательность и единичность, а признак предметности не имеет в персидских словах формально выраженного показателя.

The article discusses the features of classification of nouns in the Persian language by different ways of expression, the role of nouns in a sentence and in the system of parts of speech. It is noted that when comparing in Persian and Russian, there are cases of discrepancy in the expression of such concepts as collectivity and singularity, and the sign of objectivity does not have a formally expressed indicator in Persian words.
LONG-TERM DYNAMIC OF ISCHEMIC LESION VOLUME AND THE BRAIN HEMISPHERES’ VOLUME IN THE MODEL OF FOCAL ISCHEMIA MODEL IN RAT
Authors: Шварц Владислав Александрович , Кудабаева Марина Станиславовна , Губский Илья Леонидович , Наместникова Дарья Дмитриевна , Ходанович Марина Юрьевна
Published: November 2020

В исследовании изучалась динамика объема ишемического очага и объемов полушарий мозга у животных с локальной ишемией в течении 2 месяцев после ишемии при помощи ручной сегментации. Были выявлены значимые различия между объемами полушарий на 1, 3, 14, 21, 30, 42 день исследования (p<0,01-0,05),, а также резкий рост объема ишемического поражения в течение 1-3 суток, после чего его объем монотонно уменьшался.

Ischemic lesion volume and the brain hemisphere volume long-term changes were evaluated during 2 month after focal ischemia in rats using manual segmentation,. Significant differences were identified between hemisphere volumes on the 1st, 3rd, 14th, 21st, 30th, 42nd day after ischemia (p<0,01-0,05). A sharp increase in volume ischemic lesion was identified from the 1st till the 3rd day, then lesion volume constantly decreased.
Why optional stopping can be a problem for Bayesians
Authors: de Heide Rianne , Grünwald Peter D.
Published: November 2020

Recently, optional stopping has been a subject of debate in the Bayesian psychology community. Rouder (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review21(2), 301–308, 2014) argues that optional stopping is no problem for Bayesians, and even recommends the use of optional stopping in practice, as do (Wagenmakers, Wetzels, Borsboom, van der Maas & Kievit,Perspectives on Psychological Science7, 627–633, 2012). This article addresses the question of whether optional stopping is problematic for Bayesian methods, and specifies under which circumstances and in which sense it is and is not. By slightly varying and extending Rouder’s (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review21(2), 301–308, 2014) experiments, we illustrate that, as soon as the parameters of interest are equipped with default or pragmatic priors—which means, in most practical applications of Bayes factor hypothesis testing—resilience to optional stopping can break down. We distinguish between three types of default priors, each having their own specific issues with optional stopping, ranging from no-problem-at-all (type 0 priors) to quite severe (type II priors).
CONCEPTS OF "LOVE" AND "MARRIAGE" IN THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD
Authors: FORMANOVA Svitlana
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concepts of "love" and "marriage" originally as manifestations of the social organization of a society that connects individuals with one another, and its implementation in the Ukrainian language picture of the world. The author analyzes these concepts on the material of the works of Lina Kostenko.
It is proved that the verbalized concepts of "love" and "marriage" produce the conceptual information contained in the verbal means of expression. It is stated that the means of expression of the above concepts are multilevel linguistic units, such as:
separate tokens, terminological conjunctions, conventional metaphors, established linguistic expressions, paremia, linguistic cliches, etc. It has been determined that the culture of love and family relations in the Ukrainian language picture of the world is closely linked to verbal (literary and everyday) expressions. In the speech of love, the law of speech amplification of emotion works: the statement of emotion enhances the emotion itself, and sometimes even creates it. The linguistic representation of love is embodied in the culturally deterministic means of their verbal expression and is the main explicators of the ideas that have formed in Ukrainian culture regarding this feeling. It has been traced that one of the spheres of human activity that is clearly reflected in phraseology is love, marriage, family, family relations. This is why universal concepts include concepts such as love, betrothal, marriage, marriage, family, family relationships, which form a broad semantic field, or a semantic group consisting of smaller phrase-groups according to the name of the concepts.
ON THE SYSTEM OF THE PARTICIPLES IN BULGARIAN AND GREEK
Authors: YORDANOVA-PETROVA Desislava
Published: November 2020

This paper is devoted to the participle system in Bulgarian and Greek, presenting in a comparative plan the formation, meanings, functions and use of the different types of participles in the two languages. The paper focuses on the similarities and differences in the different types of participles, giving information about the frequency of their use in both languages. The traditional types of active and passive participles are considered separately. However, for some of the types of participles there are different opinions whether they should be included in the participle systems of the two studied
languages, the article presents the relevant views and arguments of researchers. Such are, for example, the past imperfect active participle and the present passive participle in the Bulgarian language, as well as the present active participle and the aorist
active participle in Greek. The present study is the first attempt to present the participle system in Bulgarian and Greek, with the comparison made at the system level in both languages. Apart from the theoretical plan, the conclusions formulated as a result of the comparative study of the participle systems of the two languages would be useful in practice in the assimilation of certain types of Greek participles by Bulgarians learning Greek. In the future, the field of study could be expanded into the comparative analysis of the participle system in Bulgarian and Greek at the level of speech (for example, on the basis of a translation corpus).
TARGET DIMENSIONS OF BULGARIAN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN CHINA: LANGUAGE
SKILLS, GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND INTERDISCIPLINARITY
Authors: LIN Wenshuang
Published: November 2020

Teaching Bulgarian language and literature in China has a history of nearly 60 years. During this period, the discussion about the concept and methodology of foreign language teaching has never stopped, which concerns the orientation of language teaching – language skills, general knowledge or interdisciplinary competence. Following the trend for reforming the curriculum, teaching Bulgarian at Beijing Foreign Studies University applies the new concept of teaching within the development of the curriculum and the new teaching methods in order to achieve new goals and requirements.
To a great extent, the structural reform of Bulgarian language teaching reflects the evolution of the concept of foreign language education. From 1961 to the 2000s, the main features of the curriculum were generality and skill-based, which focused greatly on basic and linguistic skills, as well as on the grammatical knowledge and the general knowledge related to Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language. From the beginning of the 21st century, even though language skills courses still account for a large proportion of the curriculum, the types of courses have been gradually diversified, reflecting the transition from language skill-based to knowledge-oriented, and then to cross-cultural ability-oriented. By achieving the transition, Bulgarian language teaching in China currently is realized in three target dimensions – language skills, general knowledge and
interdisciplinary.
Hybrid Learning of Vessel Segmentation in Retinal Images
Authors: Kusakunniran Worapan , Charoenpanich Peeraphat , Samunyanoraset Perapat , Suksai Sarocha , Karnjanapreechakorn Sarattha , Wu Qiang , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to develop a technique of vessel segmentation in retinal images. Interpreting the segmented vessels is necessary for the automatic detection of the severe stage of the diabetic retinopathy. Thus, it is important to have the technique for segmenting vessels in an automatic way with high performance, for the sake of further analysis. In this paper, the proposed method is developed based on the double layer combining supervised and non-supervised learning aspects. The first layer is to detect the initial seeds of vessels using the supervised learning. It learns based on three types of features including green intensity, line operators, and Gabor filters. Then, the support vector machine (SVM) is applied as the classification tool. In the second layer, the segmentation results from the first layer is further revised and completed using the non-supervised learning. The morphological operations with the watershed technique are applied on the results obtained from the first layer, to remain with the segmented pixels with high confidential to be vessels. Then, these pixels are used as the initial seeds of foreground in the iterative graph cut. As the result, the more completed and comprehensive foreground (i.e. vessels) can be obtained. The proposed method is evaluated using two well-known datasets including DRIVE and STARE. The experimental results show the promising performance of the proposed method when compared with other existing methods in the literature.
Estimating the Ultraviolet Emission of M Dwarfs with Exoplanets from Ca ii and Hα
Authors: Melbourne Katherine , Youngblood Allison , France Kevin , Froning C. S. , Pineda J. Sebastian , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , Wilson David J. , Wood Brian E. , Basu Sarbani , Roberge Aki , Schlieder Joshua E. , Cauley P. Wilson , Loyd R. O. Parke , Newton Elisabeth R. , Schneider Adam , Arulanantham Nicole , Berta-Thompson Zachory , Brown Alexander , Buccino Andrea P. , Kempton Eliza , Linsky Jeffrey L. , Logsdon Sarah E. , Mauas Pablo , Pagano Isabella , Peacock Sarah , Redfield Seth , Rugheimer Sarah , Schneider P. Christian , Teal D. J. , Tian Feng , Tilipman Dennis , Vieytes Mariela
Published: November 2020

M dwarf stars are excellent candidates around which to search for exoplanets, including temperate, Earth-sized planets. To evaluate the photochemistry of the planetary atmosphere, it is essential to characterize the UV spectral energy distribution of the planet’s host star. This wavelength regime is important because molecules in the planetary atmosphere such as oxygen and ozone have highly wavelength-dependent absorption cross sections that peak in the UV (900–3200 Å). We seek to provide a broadly applicable method of estimating the UV emission of an M dwarf, without direct UV data, by identifying a relationship between noncontemporaneous optical and UV observations. Our work uses the largest sample of M dwarf star far- and near-UV observations yet assembled. We evaluate three commonly observed optical chromospheric activity indices—Hα equivalent widths and log10 L
Hα
/L
bol, and the Mount Wilson Ca ii H&K S and

indices—using optical spectra from the HARPS, UVES, and HIRES archives and new HIRES spectra. Archival and new Hubble Space Telescope COS and STIS spectra are used to measure line fluxes for the brightest chromospheric and transition region emission lines between 1200 and 2800 Å. Our results show a correlation between UV emission-line luminosity normalized to the stellar bolometric luminosity and Ca ii

with standard deviations of 0.31–0.61 dex (factors of ∼2–4) about the best-fit lines. We also find correlations between normalized UV line luminosity and Hα log10 L
Hα
/L
bol and the S index. These relationships allow one to estimate the average UV emission from M0 to M9 dwarfs when UV data are not available.
High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopic Study of Galactic Supernova Remnants. I. Kinematic Distances
Authors: Lee Yong-Hyun , Koo Bon-Chul , Lee Jae-Joon
Published: November 2020

We have carried out high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopic observations toward 16 Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) showing strong H2 emission features. A dozen bright H2 emission lines are clearly detected for individual SNRs, and we have measured their central velocities, line widths, and fluxes. For all SNRs except one (G9.9−0.8), the H2 line ratios are well consistent with that of thermal excitation at T ∼ 2000 K, indicating that the H2 emission lines are most likely from shock-excited gas and therefore that they are physically associated with the remnants. The kinematic distances to the 15 SNRs are derived from the central velocities of the H2 lines using a Galactic rotation model. We derive for the first time the kinematic distances to four SNRs: G13.5+0.2, G16.0−0.5, G32.1−0.9, and G33.2−0.6. Among the remaining 11 SNRs, the central velocities of the H2 emission lines for six SNRs are well consistent (±5

) with those obtained in previous radio observations, while for the other five SNRs (G18.1−0.1, G18.9−1.1, Kes 69, 3C 396, W49B) they are significantly different. We discuss the velocity discrepancies in these five SNRs. In G9.9−0.8, the H2 emission shows nonthermal line ratios and narrow line width (∼4

), and we discuss its origin.
Soft X-Ray Observations of Quiescent Solar Active Regions Using the Novel Dual-zone Aperture X-Ray Solar Spectrometer
Authors: Schwab Bennet D. , Sewell Robert H. A. , Woods Thomas N. , Caspi Amir , Mason James Paul , Moore Christopher
Published: November 2020

The Dual-zone Aperture X-ray Solar Spectrometer (DAXSS) was flown on 2018 June 18 on the NASA 36.336 sounding rocket flight and obtained the highest resolution to date for solar soft X-ray (SXR) spectra over a broad energy range. This observation was during a time with quiescent (nonflaring) small active regions on the solar disk and when the 10.7 cm radio flux (F10.7) was 75 solar flux units (1 sfu = 10–22 W m−2 Hz−1). The DAXSS instrument consists of a LASP-developed dual-zone aperture and a commercial X-ray spectrometer from Amptek that measures solar full-disk irradiance from 0.5 to 20 keV with a resolving power of 20 near 1 keV. This paper discusses the novel design of the spectrometer and the instrument characterization techniques. Additionally, the solar measurements obtained from the 2018 sounding rocket flight are analyzed using CHIANTI spectral models to fit the temperatures, emission measures, and relative elemental abundances of the solar corona plasma. The abundance of iron was found to be 35% higher than expected in the quiescent Sun’s corona suggesting either that our spectral models require additional sophistication or that the underlying atomic database may require updates. Future long-term systematic observations of this spectral range are needed to provide further insight into the sources of coronal heating through modeling the changes of relative elemental abundances during developments of active regions and solar flaring events.
Optical and Near-infrared Observations of the Nearby SN Ia 2017cbv
Authors: Wang Lingzhi , Contreras Carlos , Hu Maokai , Hamuy Mario A. , Hsiao Eric Y. , Sand David J. , Anderson Joseph P. , Ashall Chris , Burns Christopher R. , Chen Juncheng , Diamond Tiara R. , Davis Scott , Förster Francisco , Galbany Lluís , González-Gaitán Santiago , Gromadzki Mariusz , Hoeflich Peter , Li Wenxiong , Marion G. H. , Morrell Nidia , Pignata Giuliano , Prieto Jose L. , Phillips Mark M. , Shahbandeh Melissa , Suntzeff Nicholas B. , Valenti Stefano , Wang Lifan , Wang Xiaofeng , Young D. R. , Yu Lixin , Zhang Jujia
Published: November 2020

Supernova (SN) 2017cbv in NGC 5643 is one of a handful of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) reported to have excess blue emission at early times. This paper presents extensive BVRIYJHK

s
-band light curves of SN 2017cbv, covering the phase from −16 to +125 days relative to B-band maximum light. The SN 2017cbv reached a B-band maximum of 11.710 ± 0.006 mag, with a postmaximum magnitude decline of Δm
15(B) = 0.990 ± 0.013 mag. The SN suffered no host reddening based on Phillips intrinsic color, the Lira–Phillips relation, and the CMAGIC diagram. By employing the CMAGIC distance modulus μ = 30.58 ± 0.05 mag and assuming H
0 = 72 km s−1 Mpc−1, we found that 0.73 M
⊙
56Ni was synthesized during the explosion of SN 2017cbv, which is consistent with estimates using reddening- and distance-free methods via the phases of the secondary maximum of the near-IR- (NIR-) band light curves. We also present 14 NIR spectra from −18 to +49 days relative to the B-band maximum light, providing constraints on the amount of swept-up hydrogen from the companion star in the context of the single degenerate progenitor scenario. No Paβ emission feature was detected from our postmaximum NIR spectra, placing a hydrogen mass upper limit of 0.1 M
⊙. The overall optical/NIR photometric and NIR spectral evolution of SN 2017cbv is similar to that of a normal SN Ia, even though its early evolution is marked by a flux excess not seen in most other well-observed normal SNe Ia. We also compare the exquisite light curves of SN 2017cbv with some M
ch delayed detonation models and sub-M
ch double detonation models.
A Distance Determination to the Small Magellanic Cloud with an Accuracy of Better than Two Percent Based on Late-type Eclipsing Binary Stars
Authors: Graczyk Dariusz , Pietrzyński Grzegorz , Thompson Ian B. , Gieren Wolfgang , Zgirski Bartłomiej , Villanova Sandro , Górski Marek , Wielgórski Piotr , Karczmarek Paulina , Narloch Weronika , Pilecki Bogumił , Taormina Monica , Smolec Radosław , Suchomska Ksenia , Gallenne Alexandre , Nardetto Nicolas , Storm Jesper , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Kałuszyński Mikołaj , Pych Wojciech
Published: November 2020

We present a new study of late-type eclipsing binary stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) undertaken with the aim of improving the distance determination to this important galaxy. A sample of 10 new detached, double-lined eclipsing binaries identified from the OGLE variable star catalogs and consisting of F- and G-type giant components has been analyzed. The absolute physical parameters of the individual components have been measured with a typical accuracy of better than 3%. All but one of the systems consist of young and intermediate population stars with masses in the range of 1.4 to 3.8 M
☉. This new sample has been combined with five SMC eclipsing binaries previously published by our team. Distances to the binary systems were calculated using a surface brightness—color calibration. The targets form an elongated structure, highly inclined to the plane of the sky. The distance difference between the nearest and most-distant system amounts to 10 kpc with the line-of-sight depth reaching 7 kpc. We find tentative evidence of the existence of a spherical stellar substructure (core) in the SMC coinciding with its stellar center, containing about 40% of the young and intermediate age stars in the galaxy. The radial extension of this substructure is ∼1.5 kpc. We derive a distance to the SMC center of D
SMC = 62.44 ± 0.47 (stat.) ±  0.81 (syst.) kpc corresponding to a distance modulus (m − M)SMC = 18.977 ± 0.016 ± 0.028 mag, representing an accuracy of better than 2%.
Capacity-building and networking events for nature-based solutions and re-naturing in Malta
Authors: Tomaskinova Judita , Dicks Lynn , Collier Marcus , Geneletti Davide , Grace Miriam , Longato Davide , Sadula Renata , Stoev Pavel , Sapundzhieva Anna , Balzan Mario V
Published: November 2020

Nature-based solutions (NbS) have the potential to build climate resilience and tackle key societal challenges while also providing multiple co-benefits to biodiversity and human well-being. The demand for nature-based innovation is strongly felt in Malta – a small island state, with the highest population density in the European Union. Against this background, the Horizon 2020 project ReNature (Promoting research excellence in nature-based solutions for innovation, economic growth and human well-being in Malta) has the goal to enhance research excellence of the Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology (MCAST), as well as the national research, policy, business and stakeholder community. The six strategically designed training activities fostering capacity-building and research excellence, delivered during the first half of the project, resulted in useful learning outputs. These are twelve presentations, available as attachments to this article, which cover a large scope of topics related to the implementation of NbS. At a later stage, ReNature will publish another round of learning outputs, resulting from the rest of the training activities planned within the scope of the project.