bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 and BLV are insensitive to SERINC5 restriction under the cell-cell infection
Authors: Yu Changqing , Jiang Faming , Li Yujing , Li Qiushui , Tokunaga Kenzo , Yang Dan , Xu Chao , Li Nan , Li Sunan , Khan Ilyas , Xian Yuanhua , Xia Changyou , Zhang He
Published: January 2025

Ser
ine
inc
orporator 5 (
SER
INC5, SER5) suppresses viral cell-free infection. However, its antiviral potency under viral cell-cell infection is not examined yet. Here, we established the
in vitro
cell-cell infection systems to assess SER5’s antiviral activity on HIV-1 and bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Our results showed SER5 from different mammalian species, including
Homo sapiens
,
Bos taurus
, and
Felis catus
, was capable of significantly inhibiting HIV-1 cell-free infection. However, these SER5s were unable to restrict HIV-1 cell-cell infection. Intriguingly, Ebola virus glycoprotein-mediated pseudoviral cell-free infection was greatly enhanced by
Homo sapiens
and
Bos taurus
SER5. Notably, BLV was also insensitive to SER5-mediated restriction under the cell-cell infection. In addition, BLV envelope glycoproteins, which contained one glycosylation variation, were not restricted by SER5 in the model of cell-cell infection. Overall, our results indicated SER5 was ineffective against HIV-1 and BLV under the cell-cell infection, which was utilized by them to circumvent SER5-imposed restriction
in vitro
and may aid their transmission
in vivo
.

IMPORTANCE

SER5 potently inhibits virus infection under the cell-free mode. However, few studies check whether SER5 keeps its restriction under the virus cell-cell transmission. In this work, we uncover SER5 loses its restriction to HIV-1 and BLV under the mode of cell-cell infection, demonstrating the viruses could employ this mode to overcome SER5 restriction and thus facilitate their transmission.
Single-photon Emission in the Telecom C-Band in a Micropillar Cavity with an InAs/InGaAs Quantum Dot
Authors: Veretennikov A. I. , Rakhlin M. V. , Serov Yu. M. , Galimov A. I. , Veyshtort G. P. , Sorokin S. V. , Klimko G. V. , Sedova I. V. , Maleev N. A. , Bobrov M. A. , Vasiliev A. P. , Kuzmenkov A. G. , Kulagina M. M. , Zadiranov Yu. M. , Troshkov S. I. , Salii Yu. A. , Berezina D. S. , Nikitina E. V. , Toropov A. A.
Published: January 2025

We present the design and experimental demonstration of a micropillar metamorphic cavity structure with an embedded InAs/InGaAs quantum dot, intended for single-photon generation in the telecommunication C-band. The microcavity, incorporating a single GaAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflector, is designed to provide a photon extraction efficiency of 15% for a numerical aperture of 0.7. The structure, fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy, photolithography, and plasma-enhanced chemical etching, exhibited an average C-band photon emission rate of ~1 MHz at the first lens with a second-order correlation function of g
(2)(0) = 0.14.
Cerebral injury and long-term neurodevelopment impairment in children following severe fetomaternal transfusion: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: El Emrani Salma , van der Hoorn Marie-Louise , Tan Ratna N G B , Steggerda Sylke J , de Vries Linda S , Haak Monique C , van Klink Jeanine M M , de Haas Masja , van der Meeren Lotte E , Lopriore Enrico
Published: January 2025

Objective

Fetomaternal transfusion (FMT) is associated with increased perinatal mortality and morbidity, but data on postnatal outcomes are scarce. Our aim was to determine the incidence of adverse short-term

and long-term sequelae of severe FMT.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Dutch tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.

Patients

Liveborn neonates with FMT admitted in 2017–2022.

Main outcome measures

Severe FMT was defined as ≥30 mL of fetal red blood cells in the maternal circulation diagnosed with positive Kleihauer-Betke/flow cytometry test. Adverse outcomes were compared between severe and mild FMT (10–30 mL blood loss) to highlight the impact of FMT severity. Primary outcome was an adverse composite outcome consisting of neonatal mortality or severe neurological morbidity (ie, severe cerebral injury and/or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 2 years). Secondary outcome was perinatal asphyxia.

Results

109 neonates with FMT were included, 16 with severe FMT and 93 with mild FMT. Neonatal mortality occurred in 19% (3/16) of neonates with severe FMT and in 4% (4/93) with mild FMT (p=0.063). Perinatal asphyxia was diagnosed in 25% (4/16) of neonates with severe FMT compared with 6% (6/93) with mild FMT (p=0.038). Long-term outcome was assessed in 60 neonates. NDI occurred in 22% (2/9) of children with severe FMT compared with 16% (8/51) with mild FMT (p=0.637). Adverse outcome occurred in 43% (95% CI 38 to 50%) of neonates with severe FMT compared with 18% (95% CI 17% to 24%) with mild FMT (p=0.074).

Conclusion

Neonatal mortality or long-term neurological morbidity occurred in 38%–50% of children with fetal blood loss and anaemia due to severe FMT.
Post-infectious acute cerebellar ataxia in a young adult
Authors: Koren Tal Jonatan , Kiernan Matthew C
Published: January 2025

Acute cerebellar ataxia is a clinical syndrome that involves loss of balance and coordination, typically within less than 72 hours. It usually presents in children and rarely affect adults. A woman in her early 20s presented with acute onset dizziness, vertigo, truncal ataxia and dysarthria 2 weeks following an acute viral illness. Cerebral MRI identified evidence of dural enhancement, and positron emission topography brain imaging showed cortical reduction of glucose metabolism, consistent with an encephalopathic process. Lumbar puncture established a normal cerebrospinal fluid protein and glucose, with seven white cells ×106/L. Subsequent investigations identified evidence of a recentEpstein–Bar virus, in keeping with a post-infectious acute cerebellar ataxia syndrome. Following treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone, symptoms resolved gradually over months. While post-infectious acute cerebellar ataxia is rare in adults, it is an important cause of an acute presentation of ataxia that should be recognised by paediatric and adult physicians.
Risk factors for pancreatic cancer in individuals with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and no high-risk stigmata during up to 5 years of surveillance: a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Hamada Tsuyoshi , Oyama Hiroki , Nevo Daniel , Tange Shuichi , Takaoka Shinya , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Ishigaki Kazunaga , Noguchi Kensaku , Saito Tomotaka , Sato Tatsuya , Suzuki Tatsunori , Takahara Naminatsu , Tanaka Mariko , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Ushiku Tetsuo , Nakai Yousuke , Petrov Maxim S , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: January 2025

Background

Cyst size, its growth rate, and diameter of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) are all associated with pancreatic carcinoma prevalence in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs).

Objective

To examine the above factors in relation to future risk of incident pancreatic carcinoma in individuals with IPMNs harbouring no high-risk stigmata.

Design

In a prospective longitudinal cohort, we analysed 2549 patients with IPMNs. A multivariable cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression model was built to estimate HRs for incident pancreatic carcinoma.

Results

IPMN size at baseline and its annual growth rate over 2 years of follow-up were associated with incident pancreatic carcinoma (ptrend<0.001). The multivariable cause-specific HR per 10 mm increase in IPMN size was 1.28 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.50). The annual growth rates of 1.5–2.4 mm/year and ≥2.5 mm/year over 2 years were associated with multivariable cause-specific HRs of 1.91 (95% CI 0.78 to 4.67) and 4.52 (95% CI 2.28 to 8.98), respectively (vs <1.5 mm/year). Neither IPMN size at 5 years nor its maximum growth rate during 5 years was associated with incident pancreatic carcinoma (ptrend>0.07). MPD diameter at 5 years was associated with incident pancreatic carcinoma (multivariable cause-specific HR per 2 mm increase, 2.12; 95% CI 1.72 to 2.63). A predictive nomogram was generated for calculating the risk of incident pancreatic carcinoma.

Conclusion

IPMN size and its growth rate predict future pancreatic carcinoma risk only during first 5 years of follow-up. MPD diameter at 5 years may identify patients who still harbour a high risk for pancreatic carcinoma.
In vitromicrobiota model recapitulates and predicts individualised sensitivity to dietary emulsifier
Authors: Rytter Héloïse , Naimi Sabrine , Wu Gary , Lewis Jim , Duquesnoy Maeva , Vigué Lucile , Tenaillon Olivier , Belda Eugeni , Vazquez-Gomez Marta , Touly Nina , Arnone Djésia , Hao Fuhua , Ley Ruth E , Clément Karine , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Patterson Andrew D , Gewirtz Andrew T , Chassaing Benoit
Published: January 2025

Background

Non-absorbed dietary emulsifiers, including carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), directly disturb intestinal microbiota, thereby promoting chronic intestinal inflammation in mice. A randomised controlled-feeding study (Functional Research on Emulsifiers in Humans, FRESH) found that CMC also detrimentally impacts intestinal microbiota in some, but not all, healthy individuals.

Objectives

This study aimed to establish an approach for predicting an individual’s sensitivity to dietary emulsifiers via their baseline microbiota.

Design

We evaluated the ability of anin vitromicrobiota model (MiniBioReactor Arrray, MBRA) to reproduce and predict an individual donor’s sensitivity to emulsifiers. Metagenomes were analysed to identify signatures of emulsifier sensitivity.

Results

Exposure of human microbiotas, maintained in the MBRA, to CMC recapitulated the differential CMC sensitivity previously observed in FRESH subjects. Furthermore, select FRESH control subjects (ie, not fed CMC) had microbiotas that were highly perturbed by CMC exposure in the MBRA model. CMC-induced microbiota perturbability was associated with a baseline metagenomic signature, suggesting the possibility of using one’s metagenome to predict sensitivity to dietary emulsifiers. Transplant of human microbiotas that the MBRA model deemed CMC-sensitive, but not those deemed insensitive, into IL-10−/−germfree mice resulted in overt colitis following CMC feeding.

Conclusion

These results suggest that an individual’s sensitivity to emulsifier is a consequence of, and can thus be predicted by, examining their baseline microbiota, paving the way to microbiota-based personalised nutrition.
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of PROS: reclassifying isolated lateralised overgrowth
Authors: Gazzin Andrea , Reynolds Giuseppe , Massuras Stefania , Luca Maria , Coppo Paola , Carli Diana , Piglionica Marilidia , Martino Stefania , Bagnulo Rosanna , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Resta Nicoletta , Mussa Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Lateralised overgrowth (LO) is characterised by the asymmetric increase in the size of any part of the body exceeding 10% compared with the unaffected contralateral one. LO is a key feature in various syndromic overgrowth disorders, such as Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum andPIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). However, it can also present as isolated (ILO). Defining the aetiology of LO is critical due to the clinical implications and management strategies required for each condition. This report presents two patients who were followed up throughout childhood for ILO and were ultimately diagnosed with PROS through molecular analysis on DNA extracted from a skin biopsy, revealing thePIK3CA:c.263G>A (p.Arg88Gln) variant at a high variant allele frequency. This variant has been described in association with macrocephaly-capillary malformation syndrome but not with ILO. In conclusion, this is the first report of patients harbouring the (p.Arg88Gln) variant with a diagnosis of ILO, thus, highlighting the importance of considering ILO within the PROS and underscoring the necessity for somatic DNA testing. An early and accurate molecular diagnosis is crucial for guiding appropriate clinical management in order to ensure access to targeted therapies, emphasising the need for further research to refine diagnostic criteria and testing recommendations for ILO.
“Everyone wears mitts”: reflections on the use of metaphors in knowledge co-production in Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Brunet N.D. , Milton J.S. , Thompson S.-A. , Milton M. , Henri D.A. , Elverum S.
Published: January 2025

Co-production has emerged as foundational to meaningful community-based Arctic research, placing Inuit leadership as central to knowledge creation. When founded upon strong relationships, co-production incorporates Indigenisation into research design, theoretical basis, data collection, and analytical strategies. Here, we discuss and reflect on our experiences using metaphor as a bridge to meaningful engagement and knowledge co-production between southern-based researchers and an Inuit youth team. As a guiding metaphor for this project, we used the process of “making mitts” ( pualungnit in Inuktitut; pualuk meaning “mitten”), from identifying a need, to the action of crafting and using them. Our work indicates that metaphors can be very useful in facilitating knowledge co-production in a cross-cultural context by being adaptive to youth needs and overlaying the familiar and the unfamiliar. The introduction of the “mitt” metaphor led to a completely novel creation process where youth contributors felt empowered, even compelled, to critique the work undertaken, freely and honestly without fear of repercussion or embarrassment. In discussing the process of sewing mitts, they stepped into the role of experts. As a result, the metaphor facilitated the creation of accessible and safe spaces within which to work and build relationships.
Blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus Brandt, 1850) and red king crab (P. camtschaticus Tilesius, 1815) juvenile settlement to nearshore nursery habitats of Saint Paul Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska
Authors: Weems Jared David , Long W. Christopher , Divine Lauren M , Eckert Ginny L.
Published: January 2025

The Pribilof Islands blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus) fishery collapsed over two decades ago, is considered overfished, and has not recovered in the absence of fishing. Red king crab (P. camtschaticus) abundance estimates have exceeded blue king crab for over three decades. We investigated the roles of larval recruitment and habitat availability as potential mechanisms limiting blue king crab recovery. We conducted young-of-year abundance and habitat assessments near Saint Paul Island from 2017-2019 and compared these results to 1983-84 historical data to assess changes in larval supply and benthic substrates. Historically abundant blue king crab settlers were rarely encountered in our surveys. Red king crab settlers, once rare in historical surveys, are now more common throughout the region in low abundance. Benthic habitats did not change over time, as 90 % of resampled sites had similar substrates. We conclude that larval supply and not benthic habitat is limiting juvenile recruitment. Our results could inform future fishery rebuilding efforts for blue king crab, which could include approaches to increase larval supply and juvenile recruitment through aquaculture.
The $$(1+3)$$-dimensional ‘quantum principle of relativity’ is Einstein’s principle of relativity
Authors: Lake Matthew J.
Published: January 2025

We show that the

$$(1+3)$$

(
1
+
3
)

-dimensional ‘superboost’ operators, proposed in Dragan and Ekert’s most recent work on superluminal reference frames (Dragan et al. in Class Quantum Gravity 40(2): 025013, 2023), are simply the canonical Lorentz boosts, expressed in nonstandard notation. Their

$$(1+3)$$

(
1
+
3
)

-dimensional ‘superflip’, which is claimed to interchange time and space dimensions for a superluminal observer, travelling with infinite speed, is equivalent to applying the identity operator together with an arbitrary relabeling. Physically, it corresponds to staying put within the canonical rest frame, then renaming space as ‘time’ and time as ‘space’. We conclude that their extension of the ‘quantum principle of relativity’, proposed in earlier work on

$$(1+1)$$

(
1
+
1
)

-dimensional spacetimes (Dragan and Ekert in New J Phys 22(3): 033038, 2020), to ordinary Minkowski space, is simply Einstein’s principle of relativity, proposed in 1905.
A Deep Learning Recognition Method for Students’ Abnormal Behaviors in Smart Classroom Teaching Scenarios
Authors: Yajun Wu
Published: January 2025

In the wisdom classroom, the acquisition and processing of student behavior data is a complicated process. However, in the process of data acquisition, the equipment may be affected by noise interference factors such as illumination and occlusion, which leads to the deterioration of data quality. Therefore, a deep learning recognition method for students’ abnormal behaviors in the intelligent classroom teaching scene is proposed. By modifying the selection range of random points, five branches are constructed to extract local features, obscured features and overall features, and HOG features are used to describe the shape edges of local targets to effectively detect shape features. The improved YOLOv3 uses Darknet-47 as the feature extraction network to calculate the outliers. Based on the principle of maximum dependence and threshold value, the identification model of students’ abnormal behavior is designed. The experimental results show that the average false report rate of the design method is 5.65%, the crossover ratio is higher than 90%, the frame rate is maintained between 297.7 and 293.2 in all codes, and the recognition delay time is lower than 200[Formula: see text]ms.
Simulation: An Underutilized Tool in Distributed Systems
Authors: Morrison David R.
Published: January 2025

Simulation has a huge role to play in the advent of AI systems: We need an efficient, fast, and cost-effective way to train AI agents to operate in our infrastructure, and simulation absolutely provides that capability.
DB-QM: A Comparative Quality Measurement and Its Prospective on Persian/Arabic Databases for OCR
Authors: Minoofam Seyyed Amir Hadi , Bastanfard Azam , Keyvanpour Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2025

In Optical Character Recognition (OCR), state-of-the-art algorithms are applied to the same databases to compare performance and cost. Various benchmark databases have been created recently in Persian script to facilitate OCR application development. Unfortunately, there is a lack of coherent categorization and systematic identification in Persian and other languages about how to choose the databases to provide a suitable platform for evaluation. This paper provides an analytical framework called DB-QM (DataBase Qualitative Measurement) to achieve a macro vision for assessing Persian OCR databases. In our proposed framework, three components are available: First, a categorization of Persian databases is proposed. Therefore, the databases are considered from their content point of view. Second, several quantitative and qualitative evaluation criteria are introduced and categorized based on the nature of databases. Finally, a discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of databases is made on the proposed criteria. It concerns a comparison among databases and the critical points about how to select one for testing algorithms. In addition, the main challenges around database improvement have been taken into account. Our analytical discussion not only clarifies the superiority of one database to another but provides a diverse discipline on how to use the appropriate databases. Also, critical challenges for the enhancement of new databases are highlighted.
Tokenization and Stemming of Limbu Language
Authors: Rai Abigail , Borah Samarjeet
Published: January 2025

Significant issues in tokenization and stemming in natural language processing (NLP) are addressed in this work, which oddly focuses Kingpin on the Limbu language. Two essential preprocessing procedures that work to normalize words by condensing them into compact content and their origin are stemming and tokenization. We introduce a novel stemmer for the Limbu language, which achieves 93.5% accuracy rates, respectively, using the given word bank. The stemmer is preceded by tokenization with the 100% accuracy rate on the current available corpus. The Limbu language presents peculiar issues due to its constrained computational resources and composite nature. This work is a first step toward overcoming the lack of necessary resources for effective stemming in the Limbu language computational work. Advanced algorithms with morphologically structured rules especially chosen for the Limbu language are used in stemming techniques to increase accuracy and speed. The discoveries significantly improve natural language processing (NLP) activities, providing strong tools for search engines, sentiment analysis, and automatic translation systems, as well as marking a first step in computational development for the Limbu language.
Assessing and Analyzing the Correctness of GitHub Copilot’s Code Suggestions
Authors: Mo Ran , Wang Dongyu , Zhan Wenjing , Jiang Yingjie , Wang Yepeng , Zhao Yuqi , Li Zengyang , Ma Yutao
Published: January 2025

AI programming has become a popular topic in recent years. Code suggestion, with code suggestion being a key capability of AI programming. Copilot, an “AI programmer” that provides code suggestions from natural language descriptions, has been launched by GitHub and OpenAI. By far, Copilot has been widely used by millions of developers. However, little work has systematically evaluated the correctness of Copilot's suggestions. We conducted an empirical study on all 2,033
LeetCode
problems to assess Copilot's code generation across four mainstream languages: C, Java, JavaScript, and Python. We have found that: 1) 70.0% of problems received at least one correct suggestion, with language-specific rates of 29.7% (C), 57.7% (Java), 54.1% (JavaScript), and 41.0% (Python); 2) Correctness decreases as problem difficulty increases, with acceptance rates of 89.3% (Easy), 72.1% (Medium), and 43.4% (Hard); 3) Acceptance rates vary across problem domains from 49.5% to 90.1%, while
Graph
problems challenge C and Python most, and
Prefix Sum
and
Heap
challenge Java and JavaScript most; 4) For the incorrect suggestions, we further summarize 17 types of error reasons accounting for their incorrectness and analyzed possible causes for why these errors occur. We believe our study can provide valuable insights into Copilot's capabilities and limitations.
Leveraging Incremental Machine Learning for Reconfigurable Systems Modeling under Dynamic Workloads
Authors: Encinas Juan , Rodríguez Alfonso , Otero Andrés
Published: January 2025

Dynamic workload orchestration is one of the main concerns when working with heterogeneous computing infrastructures in the edge-cloud continuum. In this context, FPGA-based computing nodes can take advantage of their improved flexibility, performance and energy efficiency provided that they use proper resource management strategies. In this regard, many state-of-the-art systems rely on proactive power management techniques and task scheduling decisions, which in turn require deep knowledge about the applications to be accelerated and the actual response of the target reconfigurable fabrics when executing them. While acquiring this knowledge at design time was more or less feasible in the past, with applications mostly being static task graphs that did not change at run time, the highly dynamic nature of current workloads in the edge-cloud continuum, where tasks can be deployed on any node and at any time, has removed this possibility. As a result, being able to derive such information at run time to make informed decisions has become a must. This paper presents an infrastructure to build incremental ML models that can be used to obtain run-time power consumption and performance estimations in FPGA-based reconfigurable multi-accelerator systems operating under dynamic workloads. The proposed infrastructure features a novel stop-and-restart resource-aware mechanism to monitor and control the model training and evaluation stages during normal system operation, enabling low-overhead updates in the models to account for either unexpected acceleration requests (i.e., tasks not considered previously by the models) or model drift (e.g., fabric degradation). Experimental results show that the proposed approach induces a maximal additional error of 3.66% compared to a continuous training alternative. Furthermore, the proposed approach incurs only a 4.49% execution time overhead, compared to the 20.91% overhead induced by the continuous training alternative. The proposed modeling strategy enables innovative scheduling approaches in reconfigurable systems. This is exemplified by the conflict-aware scheduler introduced in this work, which achieves up to a 1.35 times speedup in executing the experimental workload. Additionally, the proposed approach demonstrates superior adaptability compared to other methods in the literature, particularly in response to significant changes in workload and to mitigate the effects of model overfitting. The portability of the proposed modeling methodology and monitoring infrastructure is also shown through their application to both Zynq-7000 and Zynq UltraScale+ devices.
Adaptive Strategies in Enhancing Physical Layer Security: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Duan Zhuoying , Chang Zikai , Xie Ning , Sun Weize , Niyato Dusit (Tao)
Published: January 2025

Adaptive schemes in physical layer security, designed to dynamically respond to the evolving conditions of wireless channels, play a crucial role in fortifying the security of wireless communication systems. We offer a thorough analysis of the current state of research on adaptive schemes in physical layer security, introducing a novel taxonomy to categorize and understand these schemes more effectively. A detailed comparison is drawn between the insights provided in this survey and those from the literature, highlighting the unique contributions of our work. We delve into the contributions and challenges associated with various adaptive schemes, providing valuable lessons and summaries to guide further research. The future research directions of the adaptive scheme are discussed in Part 2 of the Appendix, aiming to address the current and emerging demands of wireless communication systems. Through this survey, we aim to enrich the discourse on adaptive schemes in physical layer security, paving the way for advanced research and development in enhancing the security of wireless networks.
Catalytic Performance of B-Site Doped LST Modified NiO/YSZ Cathodes for CO2 Reduction in a Solid Oxide Electrolyzer
Authors: Chien Andrew C. , Chiang Jay H. , Qian Eddy Y.
Published: January 2025

The NiO/YSZ modified with B-site doped lanthanum strontium titanate (LST) was investigated as cathode materials for the reduction of CO2 in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). The electrocatalytic activity evaluated in CO2/H2 under solid oxide fuel cell and SOEC conditions both demonstrated that the cobalt-doped LST (LSTC) performs better than pristine NiO/YSZ and is the best among the doped LSTs. The high performance of the LSTC-modified cathode was ascribed to its good CO2 reduction ability, as evidenced by infrared and temperature-programmed surface reaction studies. Furthermore, LSTC was believed to play a role not only in serving active sites for the CO2 reaction, but also in relieving stress induced by Ni oxidation, thus stabilizing the cathode structure. Direct electrolysis in the absence of H2 further confirmed that the LSTC modified cell exhibits better performance. On the contrary, the other LST-modified cells and a CaO-modified one suffered from severe electrode polarization. These results present the potential to construct a cell combining B-site doped LST oxides with Ni cermet in a SOEC for energy conversion.
Designing Emotional and Intuitive Sounds for Tech: Insights From Psychoacoustics
Authors: Bhatara Anjali , Dartis Xavier , Morizet David , Romagny Sébastien
Published: January 2025

User interface (UI) sounds communicate information and guide users as they navigate an interface. Research exploring the direct links between these sounds’ physical characteristics and their communicative power is lacking. In the present study, we asked 100 participants to report the emotional and functional connotations of 30 UI sounds from household devices. For each sound, they provided ratings on eight emotion scales and then categorized the sound by its position in time within a user experience (beginning, middle, or end) and by its function (a confirmation, a notification, or a cancelation). We then explored the relation between acoustic characteristics (attack time, release time, spectral centroid height, and mean fundamental frequency) and the effects of the change in perceived pitch and loudness over time (melodic and loudness contour) on participants’ ratings of emotion and categorization of function and time. Results showed effects of the acoustic characteristics, especially release time, as well as effects of melodic and loudness contour on emotion, function, and time in experience. This study provides a basic set of guidelines for intuitive UI sound design and informs the discussion on how sound can be leveraged to enhance tech experiences.
Scoping Review of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmission Models
Authors: Laidlow Troy A. , Johnston Erin S. , Zadoks Ruth N. , Walsh Michael , Viana Mafalda , Wiley Kerrie E. , Singh Balbir B. , Baldini Francesco , Dhanze Himani , Webb Cameron , Brookes Victoria J.
Published: January 2025

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes ~100,000 clinical cases and 25,000 deaths annually worldwide, mainly in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific and mostly in children. JEV is transmitted to humans through the bite of mosquitoes that have fed on competent hosts. Abiotic factors, such as seasonal rainfall, influence transmission. Transmission models have an important role in understanding disease dynamics and developing prevention and control strategies to limit the impact of infectious diseases. Our goal was to investigate how transmission models capture JEV infection dynamics and their role in predicting and controlling infection. This was achieved by identifying published JEV transmission models, describing their features and identifying their limitations, to guide future modelling. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR)‐guided scoping review of peer‐reviewed JEV transmission models was conducted. Databases searched included PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Of the 881 full‐text papers available in English, 29 were eligible for data extraction. Publication year ranged from 1975 to 2023. The median number of host populations represented in each model was 3 (range: 1–8; usually humans, mosquitoes and pigs). Most (72% [n = 21]) models were deterministic, using ordinary differential equations to describe transmission. Ten models were applied (representing a real JEV transmission setting) and validated with field data, while the remaining 19 models were theoretical. In the applied models, data from only a small proportion of countries in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific were used. Limitations included gaps in knowledge of local JEV epidemiology, vector attributes and the impact of prevention and control strategies, along with a lack of model validation with field data. The lack and limitations of models highlight that further research to understand JEV epidemiology is needed and that there is opportunity to develop and implement applied models to improve control strategies for at‐risk populations of animals and humans.
The Changing Pathogenesis of Liver Cancer in Hawaii over Three Decades
Authors: Wong Linda L. , Hromalik Larry R. , Hernandez Brenda Y. , Acoba Jared D. , Kwee Sandi A.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Worldwide trends support the increasing contribution of hepatic steatosis to the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study investigates if similar changes are seen in Hawaii, where the incidence of HCC is higher than in most of the United States.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study of 1,651 patients diagnosed with HCC (1991–2023) that includes 60% to 70% of HCC cases in Hawaii. We evaluated changes in patient demographics, risk factors, and disease etiology over the past three decades.

Results:

From 1991 to 2023, there were significant increases in the proportion of HCC cases attributable to metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), coinciding with an increase in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Cases with a history of smoking also increased through 2020. Conversely, HCC cases presenting with cirrhosis alone decreased. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated cases increased through 2015 and then tapered, whereas Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cases decreased through 2020. There was no significant change in the proportion of alcohol-associated cases.

Conclusions:

Although HBV continues to be a major contributor to HCC in Hawaii, HCV-related HCC cases have tapered, whereas metabolic risk factors for HCC and cases attributable to MASLD have increased over time, paralleling overall trends observed in the United States. Efforts are needed to manage these metabolic factors to address the burden of HCC.

Impact:

Although Hawaii continues to have a large burden of viral hepatitis–related HCC, metabolic factors and MASLD have affected the pathogenesis of liver cancer in Hawaii over the past three decades.
Receptor CDCP1 is a potential target for personalized imaging and treatment of poor outcome HER2+, triple negative and metastatic ER+/HER2- breast cancers
Authors: Gough Madeline , Kwah Kayden KX. , Khan Tashbib , Ghosh Saikat , Sun Biao , Lee Catherine YJ. , Sokolowski Kamil A. , Tse Brian WC. , Wickramasuriya Lashith , Ferguson Kaltin , Rogers Rebecca , Goh Justin B. , Fletcher Nicholas L. , Houston Zachary H. , Thurecht Kristofer J. , Bray Laura J. , Liu Cheng , Pyke Christopher , Lim Elgene , Snell Cameron E. , He Yaowu , Hooper John D. , Kryza Thomas
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Receptor CUB-domain containing- protein 1 (CDCP1) was evaluated as a target for detection and treatment of breast cancer. Experimental Design: CDCP1 expression was assessed immunohistochemically in tumors from 423 patients (119 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); 75 HER2+; 229 ER+/HER2- including 228 primary tumors, 229 lymph node and 47 distant metastases). Cell cytotoxicity induced in vitro by a CDCP1-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), consisting of the human/mouse chimeric antibody ch10D7 and the microtubule disruptor monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), was quantified, including in combination with HER2-targeting ADC T-DM1. Detection of CDCP1-expressing primary and metastatic xenografts in mice was examined by PET-CT imaging using 89zirconium-labelled ch10D7 (89Zr-ch10D7). The impact of ch10D7-MMAE on tumor burden and survival in vivo, including in combination with T-DM1, was quantified in cell line and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Results: CDCP1 is expressed predominantly on the surface of malignant cells of 70% of TNBCs, 80% of HER2+ tumors, and increases in ER+/HER2- tumors from 44.9% in primary tumors to 56.4% in lymph node metastases and 74.3% in distant metastases. PET-CT imaging with 89Zr-ch10D7 is effective for the detection of primary and metastatic CDCP1-expressing TNBCs in mice. ADC ch10D7-MMAE kills CDCP1-expressing cells in vitro and controls primary and metastatic TNBC xenografts in mice, conferring significant survival advantages over chemotherapy. It compares favorably to T-DM1 in vivo, and ch10D7-MMAE combined with T-DM1 showed the most potent efficacy, markedly reducing tumor burden of CDCP1+/HER2+ xenografts and prolonging mouse survival, compared with T-DM1 or ch10D7. Conclusions: CDCP1-directed molecular imaging has potential to identify aggressive breast cancers for CDCP1-targeted treatment.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Deep Learning Predicts Subtype Heterogeneity and Outcomes in Luminal A Breast Cancer Using Routinely Stained Whole-Slide Images
Authors: Kurian Nikhil Cherian , Gann Peter H. , Kumar Neeraj , McGregor Stephanie M. , Verma Ruchika , Sethi Amit
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S2. Paired scatterplots comparing 17 Luminal A cases from the test set obtained from hospitals that did not contribute cases for model training versus the 213 Luminal A cases remaining in the test set. Correlations between iLumA% from the image model and A. pLumA representing transcriptome purity, B. Oncotype DX score, C. Mammaprint score, and D. Expression of GRB7, which plays an important role in HER2 aggressiveness.
Data from Deep Learning Predicts Subtype Heterogeneity and Outcomes in Luminal A Breast Cancer Using Routinely Stained Whole-Slide Images
Authors: Kurian Nikhil Cherian , Gann Peter H. , Kumar Neeraj , McGregor Stephanie M. , Verma Ruchika , Sethi Amit
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) presents challenges for precision oncology, but methods for its spatial quantification, scalable at population levels, do not exist. Based on previous work showing that the admixture of PAM50 subtype can be measured from bulk tissue using transcriptomic data, we trained a deep convolutional neural network to quantify subtype ITH in luminal A (LumA) breast cancer from routinely stained whole-slide images. We tested the hypothesis that subtype admixture detected in images was associated with tumor aggressiveness and adverse outcomes. In 680 cases from the TCGA-BRCA cohort, we determined adherence to assigned subtype by applying matrix factorization to each transcriptome. The purest cases were split into groups for initial testing, training, and parameter tuning. A total of 230 LumA-assigned cases were held out for final testing. Image patches were fed into a deep neural network pretrained on histology images. We measured the association of tumor area classified as LumA in the image with tumor characteristics and survival. Among LumA-assigned cases, admixture was associated with slightly higher estrogen receptor positivity but lower progesterone receptor (PR) positivity and estrogen receptor–related gene expression and higher HER2 positivity, tumor size, grade, and tumor–node–metastasis stage. Image admixture was associated with more TP53 and fewer PIK3CA mutations. Progression-free survival was significantly shorter in more admixed cases. Our findings demonstrate that deep learning, trained to recognize genomic correlates in tissue morphology, can quantify and map subtype admixture in LumA breast cancer that has clinical significance. The low cost and scalability of this method hold potential as a research tool for investigating ITH and perhaps improving the efficacy of precision oncology.
Significance:
A deep learning model, trained using transcriptomic data, inexpensively quantifies and fine-maps ITH due to subtype admixture in routine images of LumA breast cancer, the most favorable subtype. This new approach could facilitate exploration of the mechanisms behind such heterogeneity and its impact on selection of therapy for individual patients.
The Association of Niacin Use with Kidney Outcomes and Mortality
Authors: Takahashi Rina , Bui Thuy-Anh , Elali Ibrahim , Tran Diana , Sumida Keiichi , Thomas Fridtjof , Dukkipati Ramanath , Shah Anuja , Rhee Connie M. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Niacin is a non-statin lipid-lowering therapy that has been shown to lower triglycerides and improve other risk factors for renal outcomes. Despite these favorable data, the effect of niacin on long-term kidney outcomes remains unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the associations of niacin therapies with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and death in patients with estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) of at least 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Methods: In a nationwide historic cohort of 1,139,630 US Veterans with normal baseline eGFR, we examined the association of de novo prescription of niacin with incident CKD (defined as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 on two occasions, separated by ≥90 days), ESRD (defined as the initiation of kidney replacement therapy), and death. Associations were examined in Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographics, major comorbidities, laboratory measurements, and medications. Prescription time-distribution matching was used to control for survival bias. Results: We identified 133,450 new users of niacin. Overall, patients (n=1,139,630) had a mean (standard deviation; SD) age of 60 (13) years, with 6% female, 78% White, 16% Black, and 6% Hispanic. Niacin users were more likely to be male, White, current, or former smokers, with higher frequencies of comorbidities and statin use. Niacin use (vs. non-use) was associated with a higher risk of CKD (HR: 1.08, 95% confidential interval [CI]:1.07-1.10) but a lower risk of ESRD (0.82, 0.76-0.88) and death (0.90, 0.89-0.91). Conclusions: In a large national cohort of US Veterans with normal kidney function, niacin use was associated with a lower risk of ESRD and death but with a higher risk of incident CKD, which is potentially explained by acute effects on eGFR. Further studies are needed to corroborate the potential benefits of niacin on kidney function and survival.
Brain volume metric analysis is correlated with aging changes and sex differences in Thai older adults
Authors: Muangpaisan Weerasak , Ngamsombat Chanon , Vichianin Yudthaphon , Dumrikarnlert Chaisak , Seeboonruang Akanitha , Pooliam Julaporn , Charnchaowanish Panida , Pongnapang Napapong , Kanjanapong Suchanan , Phannarus Harisd , Pongmoragot Jitphapa , Chawalparit Orasa
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Normative data on structural brain volume changes with age and sex differences are required as a reference standard for future research and clinical use.
Methods: We studied a two-center, metropolitan-based, prospective cohort of adults aged fifty-five years and older who were recruited from community-dwelling settings and outpatient clinics without cognitive impairment at baseline and who were followed up for 2 years. The clinical data, neuropsychological tests, and brain MRI obtained with FreeSurfer software were utilized for quantitative volumetric measurements.
Results: A total of 296 participants were recruited at the beginning, with 17 participants (5.8%, excluding 2 subjects with claustrophobia) excluded due to abnormal MRI findings and 27 participants (9.1%) excluded due to MCI/dementia. Among the 250 remaining, 14 patients dropped out or were lost to follow-up, and 35 had MCI or AD converters (14.8%). The remaining 201 subjects with normal cognitive function aged 55-85 years were analyzed for structural brain volume. There were significant correlations between age and brain parameters, including the hippocampus, corpus callosum, thalamus and ventricular volume changes (p value < 0.05). There were significant differences between males and females in total intracranial volume, caudate, temporal lobe, and ventricle volumes in subjects aged 65–74 years, and in total intracranial volume and ventricle volumes in subjects aged 55–64 years (p value < 0.05).
Conclusion: Age and sex contributed to differences in brain structure and ventricular volume. These data could be used as a normative reference for clinical interpretation in people up to 85 years old and for understanding the physiological aging-related changes in the brain.
As “Cartas Lisbonenses” (1879-1880) de Guiomar Torrezão: a educação feminina no Brasil oitocentista e o elo Portugal-Brasil no periódico paraense O Liberal do Pará
Authors: Melo Letícia dos Montes
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the twelve ‘Cartas Lisbonenses’, published by the Portuguese writer Guiomar Torrezão, between the years 1879 and 1880, in the newspaper O Liberal do Pará. Relying on the philological method (Vasconcelos, 1911), the study aims to shed light on the existence of Guiomar Torrezão and her recipients in the aforementioned newspaper. This study focuses on a discussion about the literacy practices of nineteenth-century women, namely reading and writing as female activities, to define a path that interconnects both nineteenth-century female education and female literacy practices, as well as illuminates an epistolographic connection between Portugal and Brazil.
Religião e relações de força: uma análise discursiva do texto “Manifesto à Nação”, da Igreja Católica Apostólica Brasileira
Authors: Correia Tibério Teylon dos Santos , Silva Sobrinho Helson Flávio
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the text entitled, Manifesto to the Nation, written by Dom Carlos Duarte Costa, founder of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (ICAB). It is a historical document that, in its textuality, materializes relations of force in dispute for positions of power in the religious sphere. Our theoretical framework is Discourse Analysis, founded by Michel Pêcheux (1988;1997;1999 with contributions from Eni Orlandi (1987; 1996a; 1996b; 2001;2002; 2006; 2007). From the analyses we understand the functioning of the power relations between its interlocutors: the ICAB, the Brazilian nation, the pope and the Roman Church. We consider that in the materiality of this Manifesto the places of those who speak and those who listen and where they speak and where they listen are decisive in the confrontations of meanings present in its textuality. The power relationsin the Manifesto, are marked, above all, by Dom Carlos' attempt to create meaning and establish another subject position, through the voice of the new institution, the Church. Finally, we saw that the movement of meanings takes place in the game of control/confrontation, enabling the installation of another site of significance within the scope of Brazilian religiosity.