bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anorectal Malformations (ARM) and associated maternal factors among children at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An unmatched case-control study
Authors: Solomon Samrawit , Temesgen Fisseha , Tibebu Solomon , Abebe Hana , Seyoum Girma
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are birth defects that affect the rectum, anus, and surrounding structures. While genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the risk of developing ARMs, the exact causes are largely unknown. Notably, there is a lack of research investigating predisposing factors for ARMs within the Ethiopian population, despite the burden of this condition in the country.

Objective

The research study aimed at to examine the maternal risk factors linked to the occurrence of anorectal abnormalities in children receiving treatment at designated public hospitals located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods

An unmatched case-control study was conducted at selected hospitals on mothers and their children between August 2022 and January 2023. The sample consisted of pediatric patients admitted to pediatric surgical units. Cases were diagnosed with ARMs, while controls had no congenital anomalies. Data was collected from the mothers of both cases and controls. The data was validated and then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. The analysis employed descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. In a multivariable model, an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) together with a 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 was used to determine significance.

Result

This study included 68 ARM cases and 136 controls. Multivariable analysis found that a family history of birth defects (AOR = 6.15, 95% CI: 1.24–30.58), maternal alcohol use (AOR = 4.71, 95% CI: 1.71–12.00), first-trimester medication use (AOR = 4.86, 95% CI: 1.29–18.32), advanced maternal age (AOR = 4.22, 95% CI: 1.21–14.69), and unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 3.701, 95% CI: 1.551–8.828) were significant risk factors for ARM.

Conclusion

The study found that key risk factors for ARM include family history of birth defects, maternal alcohol use, first-trimester medication use, advanced maternal age, and unplanned pregnancy. These findings underscore the importance of tailored prevention strategies and screening programs to address the genetic, maternal lifestyle, and maternal health factors that contribute to this congenital disorder.
Compositional analysis of Swertia chirayita medicinal plant using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and ICP-MS
Authors: Rehman Habib ur , Hassan Najam ul , Jelani Mohsan , Alanazi Kaseb D. , Ahmed Nasar , Ullah Tariq Saif , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Fawy Khaled Fahmi
Published: September 2024

One of the most significant medicinal plants used to treat numerous illnesses is Swertia chirayita. The present study demonstrated the compositional analysis of the Swertia chirayita (S. chirayita) plant using an emerging and non-destructive laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Sr, Cr, and Na were verified as necessary elements by the optical emission investigations, while Al, Ti, Si, Ba, Mn, and Li were non-essential. Using the Boltzmann plot technique with stark broadening parameters, plasma temperature and electron number density were calculated in the range of (10,000–12,000) K ±1000 K and (1.5–1.8) × 1017 cm-3, respectively. Finally, compositional analysis was carried out using calibration-free (CF-LIBS) analysis and results were compared with ICP-MS. It was observed that the concentration of Ca and Fe is higher than other detected elements. All the toxic elements are found to be within the safe limit. So, this medicinal plant can be used to cure a variety of diseases that arise due to the deficiency of these elements.
Preoperative dual-energy computed tomography and positron-emission tomography evaluation of lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Xuyang , Niwa Tetsu , Kazama Toshiki , Okazaki Takashi , Koyanagi Kazuo , Kumaki Nobue , Hashimoto Jun , Ozawa Soji
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To investigate the detectability of lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using a combination of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) and positron-emission tomography (PET) parameters.

Methods

We analyzed dual-energy CT and PET preoperative data in 27 consecutive patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (23 men, 4 women; mean age, 73.7 years). We selected lymph nodes with a short-axis diameter of ≥5 mm and measured CT values, iodine concentrations, fat fractions, long- and short-axis diameters, and ratio of long- and short-axis diameters. We performed visual assessment of lymph node characteristics based on dual-energy CT and determined the maximum standardized uptake value via PET. The measured values were postoperatively compared between pathologically confirmed metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with lymph node metastasis. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed via receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

Overall, 18 metastatic and 37 nonmetastatic lymph nodes were detected. CT values, iodine concentrations, fat fractions, and the maximum standardized uptake values differed significantly between metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes (p < 0.05). Stepwise logistic regression showed that iodine concentration and the maximum standardized uptake value were significant predictors of metastatic lymph nodes. The areas under the curve of iodine concentrations and maximum standardized uptake values were 0.809 and 0.833, respectively. The area under the curve of the combined parameters was 0.884, with 83.3% sensitivity and 86.5% specificity.

Conclusion

Combined dual-energy CT and PET parameters improved the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer.
Evaluation of biocontrol efficacy of rhizosphere Pseudomonas aeruginosa for management of Phytophthora capsici of pepper
Authors: Li Chenzhen , Gao Xianghui , Huo Yunfeng , Asseri Tahani A. Y. , Tian Xueliang , Luo Kun
Published: September 2024

A significant population of biocontrol microorganisms resides in the rhizosphere of plants, which can be utilized for plant disease control. To explore the potential of rhizosphere soil microorganisms as biocontrol agents against pepper blight, a bacterial strain Pa608 was screened from rhizosphere soil of pepper and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa through morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA sequences. The result showed that the strain Pa608 demonstrated antagonistic activity against Phytophthora capsici, effectively suppressing mycelial growth. The potted experiment showed a high control efficacy of 88.0%. Remarkably, the strain Pa608 also reduced the disease index of pepper blight in the field, resulting in control efficiencies of 74.9%. Moreover, the strain Pa608 also enhanced pepper plant height and yield. GC-MS analysis revealed the production of numerous secondary metabolites by the strain Pa608, with α-pinene displaying potent anti-oomycete activity by inhibiting P. capsici growth. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa Pa608 exhibited high biocontrol activity against P. capsici and can be utilized for the management of P. capsici in pepper cultivation.
Investigation of the biocompatibility of various pulp capping materials on zebrafish model
Authors: Karahan Meltem , Kiziltan Eliacik Bahar Basak , Cagiral Umut , Iscan Evin , Ozhan Gunes
Published: September 2024

Testing the biocompatibility of commercially available dental materials is a major challenge in dental material science. In the present study, the biocompatibility of four commercially available dental materials Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine, Harvard BioCal-CAP and Oxford ActiveCal PC was investigated. The biocompatibility analysis was performed on zebrafish embryos and larvae using standard toxicity tests such as survivability and hatching rates. Comparative toxicity analysis of toxicity was performed by measuring apoptosis using acridine orange dye and whole mount immunofluorescence methods on zebrafish larvae exposed to the dental materials at different dilutions. Toxicity analysis showed a significant decrease in survival and hatching rates with increasing concentration of exposed materials. The results of the apoptosis assay with acridine orange showed greater biocompatibility of Biodentine, Oxford ActiveCal PC, Harvard BioCal-CAP and Biodentine compared to MTA, which was concentration dependent. Consequently, this study has shown that showed resin-modified calcium silicates are more biocompatible than traditional calcium silicates.
Two regularity criteria of the 3D magneto-micropolar equations in Vishik spaces
Authors: Xu Bo , Zhou Jiang
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we utilize the Littlewood–Paley decomposition theory to establish two regularity criteria for the 3D magneto-micropolar equations in Vishik spaces, specifically focusing on the gradient of the velocity field.
Mid-upper arm circumference as an indicator of nutritional status improvement in children aged 6-59 months with severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Putri Trivani , Prasetyadi Yosafat Lambang , Ibrahim Naufal Arkan Abiyyu , Hafifah Cut Nurul
Published: September 2024

Background The prevalence of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Indonesia remains high, especially in children with pre-existing chronic disease. These children often present with conditions that could interfere with weight measurements, such as edema or organomegaly. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a potential indicator of nutritional status improvement.
Objective To analyze the correlation between MUAC and body weight as parameters for nutritional improvement in children with SAM.
Methods We performed registry analysis of patients admitted to the Pediatric Ward, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia from November 2016 to December 2020. We included children aged 6-59 months who were severely wasted (z-score <-3 on the WHO weight-for-height growth chart), had no conditions that could alter weight measurement, and had a 7-day minimum hospital stay. Patients with missing body weight and/or MUAC data were excluded. MUAC and weight increment between admission and discharge were analyzed using bivariate correlation and linear regression analyses.
Results Out of 4,746 pediatric inpatients, 1,996 presented with SAM. Of these, 124 were eligible for analysis.  Subjects’ median age was 18 (IQR 11-32) months and median length of stay was 16 days (IQR 9-29 days). Weight increment (g/kg/day) and MUAC increment (mm/day) were independently and significantly correlated (P<0.001; Spearman’s rho=0.414). An adequate weight increment of 5-10 g/kg/day was equivalent to a MUAC increment of 0.319-0.439 mm/day (P<0.001; R=0.374).
Conclusion MUAC increment has a moderate positive correlated with weight increment. MUAC is a useful parameter of nutritional status improvement in SAM patients, especially in patients with conditions that could interfere with weight measurement.
Oblique pullout of strip anchor embedded in layered sandbed
Authors: Shambharkar Rakesh , Venkatraman Srinivasan , Gunasekaran Santhoshkumar , Pathak Pareese
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes the vertical and oblique pullout behavior of a strip anchor plate horizontally embedded in homogeneous and two-layered sandy soil layers. The analysis was performed using the limit equilibrium method combined with Kötter’s equation. The research results concerning the pullout capacity of the anchor are presented using a dimensionless parameter known as the pullout factor (K = Pu/γavgb2, where Pu is the gross pullout load, γavg is the weighted average unit weight of two layers of soil, and b is the width of the anchor plate). The findings indicate that the value of the pullout factor increases as the angle of oblique pullout increases for a given embedment depth, and a significant reduction in the pullout capacity is observed at lower embedment depths for a particular friction angle. The study also investigated the impact of various parameters, such as the unit weight of the soil, internal friction, embedment depth, and orientation of the tie rod. A comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted to understand these effects in detail. The outlined approach, based on Kötter’s equation, provides a simplified method for anticipating the optimal design and placement of anchors in sandy soils. This study serves as a foundational step toward achieving effective anchor design and installation strategies in sand-based environments.
Genotypic Diversity among Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Children Living in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Kavai Susan Mutile , Oyugi Julius , Mbae Cecilia , Wairimu Celestine , Kering Kelvin , Kebenei Collins , Muturi Peter , Omulo Sylvia , Kariuki Samuel
Published: September 2024

The persistence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is a challenge especially in regions where typhoid is endemic. Surveillance of circulating genotypes of MDR S. Typhi is crucial in typhoid acute cases and carriers. This study aimed to investigate genotypic diversity of S . Typhi from symptomatic and asymptomatic children in endemic settings in Nairobi, Kenya. Symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals’ ≤ 16 years were recruited at four health facilities and tested for typhoid through stool cultures. The S . Typhi isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing to investigate multidrug resistance. The MDR S . Typhi isolates’ DNA was extracted and illumina sequenced. Raw reads were de novo assembled and analyzed by pathogen-watch. From the 90 sequenced isolates, 60 (67%) were confirmed to be S . Typhi (sequence Type 1 and genotype 4.3.1). Out of the 60 S . Typhi strains; 39 (65%) had plasmids, from these 38 (97%) had IncHI1 plasmids alone. Out of the 60, 59 (98%) S . Typhi isolates had blaTEM-1D-kindly indicate the TEM-1D in subscript AMR genes. Point mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to quinolones were detected in42 (70%) of S. Typhi isolates, from these; 14 (33%) had gyrA S83Y , and 28(67%) gyrB S464F genes, respectively. This study reports 4.3.1 (H58) as the most dominant S . Typhi genotype responsible for spread of MDR phenotypes carron IncHI1 plasmids. Presence of MDR S. Typhi with resistance genes such as blaTEM-1Dand reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin especially among asymptomatic individuals, reiterates the need for use of typhoid conjugate vaccine among vulnerable children as a control and prevention measure against typhoid.
Fostering an inclusive multispecies social pedagogy: rethinking ethical human–animal relations in art
Authors: Kozak Luba
Published: September 2024

In their chapter ‘Critical Animal Pedagogies’, scholars Karen Dinker and Helen Pedersen argue that a learning society is based on a continual process of self-improvement through work and education. However, this process depends on the concept of a binary division among beings, such as humans and animals, that operates on the principles of inclusion and exclusion, which must be reassessed. The discipline of art pedagogy embodies these binary principles by perpetuating a closed system of knowledge that is anthropocentric in nature. Animals are traditionally diminished to the status of metaphors or symbols rather than being perceived as active participants in human society. This impacts our comprehension of human–animal relationships that influence socio-emotional well-being. Art has the unique ability to capture a representation of human–animal relations and re-imagining the way that animals are understood can offer new insights into multispecies partnerships and the development of social-emotional skills. This article ethically rethinks the representation of human–animal relations in art by integrating insights from social pedagogy and ethics of care theory to challenge speciesist notions of social inclusion/exclusion in traditional art education. It also employs resonance theory as a theoretical framework to think with non-human animal subjects. This approach transforms animals into active social participants and collaborators whereby art serves as a catalyst for reflexive thinking about social inequalities and injustices. Embracing multispecies transhistorical relationships can deepen our comprehension of the social benefits of human–animal relations.
Para além do texto
Authors: Octaviano Luciana Moraes Silva
Published: September 2024

Visto como um objeto cultural, o dicionário é uma das mais importantes instituições da civilização moderna, exercendo funções normativas e informativas na sociedade (Biderman, 2001). Dada a importância do dicionário para a sociedade e à comunidade linguística, em especial, a do campo da Lexicografia, este artigo tem como objetivos: (i) apresentar uma base teórica para categorizar o dicionário como gênero e (ii) discorrer sobre como a organização do dicionário e as necessidades dos usuários contribuem para essa categorização. A partir dos aspectos de gênero propostos por Miller (1984, 2005, 2012, 2015 e 2020), caracteriza-se o dicionário como um gênero – ação social –, uma vez que, entre outras razões: (i) ele constitui diferentes papéis para uma comunidade linguística e seus usuários; (ii) sua organização permite que os usuários obtenham informações inerentes às suas interações comunicativas; e (iii) sua potência pragmática é parte constituinte da comunicação.
Estudo do léxico em Libras
Authors: Ernsen Bruno Pierin , Jacinto Carlos Antonio
Published: September 2024

Sabe-se que, em termos de análise histórica de qualquer língua, o registro do léxico mostra-se de primordial importância. No caso de línguas minoritárias, a exemplo da Libras, a produção de sinalários e glossários pode contribuir com a documentação dessa língua e seu posterior estudo (Quadros et al., 2020). Entendendo a produção de sinalários como resultado de uma política linguística, nos propomos, neste estudo, analisar os aspectos composicionais, isto é, os recursos micro e macroestruturais, e as possíveis implicações relacionadas à interação dos usuários com as interfaces a partir da investigação de seis sinalários da Libras, três impressos e três digitais. Amparados em um estudo de natureza qualitativa (Gibbs, 2009), caracterizado como pesquisa documental (Moreira, 2002), conseguimos verificar que as produções impressas e digitais tendem, apesar de a partir de recurso distintos, a pautar-se em aspectos visuais e de iconicidade, ao mesmo tempo que, muitas das ferramentas, privilegiam a língua portuguesa escrita como língua de construção. Mediante isso, nossas análises e reflexões indicam a necessidade de obras que privilegiem ou ampliem o espaço atribuído à Libras, uma vez que essa é a língua objeto de estudo dos sinalários e, em termos de constituição, devem prezar pela combinação de aspectos iconográficos associados a uma descrição linguística, tendo em vista que se trata também de um instrumento de estudo linguístico.
Crise alimentar e geopolítica dos alimentos
Authors: Martins Geraldo Inácio
Published: September 2024

Esse artigo explora as propostas da nova geopolítica dos alimentos e da insegurança alimentar, ou do papel dos alimentos como trunfo na configuração das relações de poder no século XXI. Para sustentar empiricamente a análise histórica e teórica, analisamos os dados da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e a Agricultura (FAO) e do Atlas do Agronegócio. A partir disso, discutimos o processo histórico que deu origem à crise dos sistemas agroalimentares mundiais e as duas tendências da nova geopolítica dos alimentos: (1) uma que a trata como adendo da competição mundial por recursos; (2) outra que a trata como uma falha de mercado ou falta de tecnologia. Os dados sugerem correlação positiva entre a nova geopolítica dos alimentos e a insegurança alimentar, associada à dependência de importações dos países do Sul, à concentração da produção mundial em poucos países e o controle do comércio mundial restrito a poucas corporações. Conclui-se que questões como fome, obesidade e insegurança alimentar, bem como a apropriação de terras, a difusão da biotecnologia e o domínio corporativo dos sistemas agroalimentares mundiais são derivados da crise do regime alimentar neoliberal corporativo e devem influenciar as análises geopolíticas dos alimentos.
Modo de vida tradicional e territorialidades pesqueiras em Maxaranguape (Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil)
Authors: Bonfá Neto Dorival , Suzuki Júlio César
Published: September 2024

O modo de vida tradicional é dinâmico, cujas práticas envolvem territorialidades em disputas, como se pode perceber em pesquisa realizada em Maxaranguape (Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil) no que concerne aos processos socioculturais modificados pela inserção de novas territorialidades. Essas novas territorialidades, aqui identificadas como disruptivas, causaram a redução de atividades produtivas, como a agricultura e a pesca, mas também de práticas simbólicas e folclóricas. Assim, objetiva-se compreender as permanências e rupturas no modo de vida tradicional em relação aos saberes tradicionais e a pesca artesanal, levando em conta as transformações nas territorialidades os conflitos produzidos na comunidade pesqueira de Maxaranguape. O método adotado foi o materialismo histórico e dialético, com valorização das dimensões ambientais, culturais e políticas, valendo-se das técnicas de pesquisa centradas em trabalho de campo, como observação participante, relato etnográfico, entrevistas, fotodocumentação e cartografia social participativa. Como resultado, concluiu-se que a pesca é uma atividade inerente ao modo de vida tradicional da comunidade e que as atividades que causam a sua redução alteram a dinâmica do modo de vida em geral. Essas atividades estão relacionadas principalmente ao turismo e ao crime organizado, que causam desterritorializações e redução das atividades produtivas, como a pesca, e culturais, como o folclore.
Factors Related to Eating Speed among Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yoshii Emi , Shimpo Misa , Nagahata Tomomi , Akamatsu Rie
Published: September 2024

Objective: Eating speed is associated with obesity, metabolic syndromes, and diabetes. However, factors associated with eating speed remain to be studied explicitly. In this scoping review, we aimed to report the factors associated with eating speed among adults. Methods: We searched the PubMed and EBSCO databases from inception through February 29, 2024 using the following criteria: (1) original articles reporting factors that influence eating speed; (2) articles on studies including adults (age ≥ 18 years); and (3) articles written in English. We excluded studies focusing on pregnancy, lactation, participants with diseases, and workers in specialized fields. Results: In this review, we examined 33 articles, and identified multiple factors influencing eating speed; namely, individual (demographic, sociopsychological, psychosomatic, and cognitive variables, and eating behavior), interpersonal, environmental, and food factors. Evidence indicates that male sex and non-intuitive eating were associated with fast eating speed. Other factors either showed inconsistencies or were inadequately studied. Conclusion: Although we identified many potential factors influencing eating speed, most of these remain insufficiently studied. Notably, male sex and non-intuitive eating were associated with fast eating speed. Further studies are needed to investigate modifiable factors for preventing fast eating.
Die Rückkehr in die Zukunft
Authors: Lehmann Klaus-Dieter
Published: September 2024

Der Fall der Mauer und die daraus sich ergebenden zeitgeschichtlichen Veränderungen haben mein persönliches und berufliches Leben dramatisch verändert. Meine persönlichen Erinnerungen sollen davon einen Eindruck vermitteln. Verantwortlich für den Vereinigungsprozess von Deutscher Bücherei Leipzig und Deutscher Bibliothek Frankfurt zu sein, bedeutete nicht nur eine organisatorische, sondern auch eine zutiefst menschliche Erfahrung. Diese Art der Zusammenarbeit zeigte sich auch bei den möglich gewordenen Rückführungsverhandlungen zur „Beutekunst“, die aber erfolglos blieben.
Colorimetric correcting for sample concentration in stool samples
Authors: Delanghe Joris R. , Van Elslande Jan , Godefroid Maaike J. , Thieuw Barroso Alexandre M. , De Buyzere Marc L. , Maenhout Thomas M.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) for hemoglobin are currently considered the screening investigation of choice for colorectal cancer and are worldwide recommended. Similarly, fecal calprotectin is a widely used test for monitoring intestinal inflammation. The pre-analytical issues regarding stool samples have hardly been dealt with and are difficult to solve. Currently, there are no reference analytes available which allow to correct test results for the variable water content of the stool sample. Studies on preanalytics of stool samples have generally focused on sample preparation and sample storage, but generally have paid little attention to the variability in sample hydration and sample composition.

Methods

Stercobilin is a stable heme metabolite which is abundant in stool. Stercobilin concentration can be simply assayed in stool extracts using colorimetry (determination of the I index). Serum indices (H, I and L) and bilirubin concentration of fecal extracts were determined on a Atellica Platform (Siemens).

Results

The inter-individual variation of stercobilin was found to be high. Assaying stercobilin allows to correct for stool sample dilution. The median value of the I-index was used as a reference for correcting the data. Correcting fecal blood results for sample dilution resulted in a significant increase in positive tests (from 9.3 to 11.7 %). For calprotectin, correction resulted in 3.1 % extra positive results and 7.7 % negative results.

Conclusions

Except in the case of obstructive jaundice, this correction can be applied. Correcting test results of common fecal analytes like FIT and calprotectin may result in a better tailored test interpretation.
Effects of partial lignin extraction on rheological characteristics and combustion performance of high solids bamboo kraft black liquor
Authors: Guo Kangkang , Xu Yongjian , Chen Xin , Yin Xuefeng
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of lignin extraction on the rheological and combustion properties of high-solids bamboo kraft black liquor (BKBL), focusing on viscosity reduction and silicon interference mitigation. Lignin was extracted from BKBL using CO2 acid precipitation. The effects on viscosity, silicon content, calorific value, and Volumetric Isothermal Expansivity (VIE) were systematically analyzed. Extracting 25 % of lignin reduced the apparent viscosity of BKBL and achieved a 33 % desilication rate. However, this extraction also led to a proportional decrease in calorific value and VIE, with a 15 % extraction resulting in approximately 11 % and 13 % reductions, respectively. An extraction rate of 15–25 % is recommended to balance viscosity reduction and silicon removal with minimal impact on boiler combustion efficiency. This study provides practical insights into optimizing lignin extraction from BKBL, offering significant operational, economic, and environmental benefits for the bamboo kraft pulping industry.
First evidence of microplastic pollution in mangrove sediments and its ingestion by coral reef fish: Case study in Biawak Island, Indonesia
Authors: Lewaru Muhammad Wahyudin , Narendra Arya , Priandina Aulia Gustal , Prihadi Donny Juliandri , Ismail Mochamad Rudyansyah , Syamsuddin Mega Laksmini , Riyantini Indah , Amin Muhamad
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as one of the global principal marine environmental problems in many countries, including Indonesia. However, fewer studies have been conducted on the MP impact on aquatic organisms. Thus, the present case study aimed to investigate the presence of MPs in mangrove sediments and coral reef fish in Biawak Island, West Java, Indonesia.

Materials and methods

The present study used a case study in which samples were collected at specific locations and time. Fish (15 individuals of three family taxa) and sediments were collected from three sampling stations (A, B, and C) at Biawak Island, West Java Province, Indonesia, in February 2023. The types and numbers of MPs were investigated under a monocular microscope.

Results

MPs were found in all samples of sediments and the digestive tract of coral reef fish. In sediments, MP abundances were recorded at 1,422 particles kg−1 dw sediment at station A, 1,185 particles kg−1 dw sediment at station B, and 59.8 particles kg−1 dw sediment at station C. The MPs in the fish digestive tracts were 726.17 particles kg−1 fish in station A, 827.99 particles kg−1 fish in station B, and 1670.42 particles kg−1 fish in station C.

Conclusion

MPs have contaminated sediments on Biawak Island, with higher abundances in areas of greater mangrove coverage. Also, coral reef fish from all three families were ingesting MPs, of which Lutjanidae was identified as the largest amount in their digestive tract.
Connectives in written narratives by German-speaking children in fourth grade and adults
Authors: Lehmkuhle Ina , Lindgren Josefin
Published: September 2024

Connectives are a central means for creating a coherent discourse. The relationships between specific connectives, coherence relations and syntactic relations are complex for children to acquire. In this paper, we systematically compare the use of clause-initial connectives in written narratives by German-speaking children in fourth grade (10-year-olds, N = 32) and adults (N = 52). The overall use of connectives, the types of syntactic relations and coherence relations expressed and the connective types used as well as the relationships between syntactic relations, coherence relations and connective types are analysed. The results show that the groups expressed coherence relations with connectives equally often. Additive relations were the most frequent in both groups, but the children expressed temporal relations more often than the adults, who showed a larger diversity in the types of coherence relations. There was no difference in the overall use of subordination and coordination, but the adults expressed temporal relations more frequently with subordination. The children used adverbs to a greater extent than the adults. The connective da ‘then’ played an important role in the children’s expression of temporal relations, whereas the adults used a wider variety of different connectives to express different types of temporal relations. The results suggest that children in the fourth grade have not yet fully acquired an adultlike use of connectives in written narratives.
Restitution and repatriation as an opportunity, not a loss: some reflections on recent Southeast Asian cases
Authors: Murphy Stephen A.
Published: September 2024

Calls for the restitution and repatriation of cultural objects continue to escalate. High-profile cases such as the Parthenon Frieze and the Benin Bronzes dominate international news cycles and provoke fierce debate; however, less attention has been paid to items that are quietly returned and to the potential positive outcomes for the institutions on both sides. This article discusses three Southeast Asian case studies to address this lacuna and urges institutions to become more proactive in their engagement with restitution and repatriation claims.
Putin’s Technological Deluge
Authors: Solovyeva Olga , Yablokov Ilya
Published: September 2024

This study explores techno-populism in Russia as the interweaving of technocratic and populist discourses. Analyzing eight Presidential Addresses to the Federal Assembly (between 2012 and 2020), it maps five themes through which techno-populist discourse manifests itself in the speeches of Vladimir Putin. The central theme of global leadership is supported by themes of preserving “Russian civilization,” maintaining geopolitical influence, praising military power, and the prospect of a high-tech future. This research contributes to a better understanding of the emergence and usage of the techno-populist antinomic prima facie.
Wheel Slip Equilibrium Point Model Reference Adaptive Control Based PID Controller for Antilock Braking System: A New Approach
Authors: Eze Paulinus , Njoku D O , Nwokonkwo O C , Onukwugha C G , Odii J N , Jibiri J E
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a new approach to wheel slip control in Antilock Braking System (ABS) using an Approximated First Order Wheel Slip (AFOWS) Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) based PID (AFOWS-MRAC-PID) controller. An ABS was modeled in a MATLAB/Simulink environment using a quarter car model with the proposed controller. Simulations were conducted with a wide range of adaptation gains (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250) to study the effectiveness of the proposed control system. The results revealed that the proposed system could track and maintain 10% wheel slip and eliminate oscillation (instability) in terms of overshoot associated with conventional PID controllers, particularly on wet and snowy road surfaces, using adaptation gains of 150, 200, and 250. Overall, the proposed system provided the best performance in terms of stopping distance, vehicle braking velocity, and braking torque on all road surfaces with an adaptation gain of 250, although braking on dry road surfaces was the most effective.
Integrated Chassis Control for Multi-Axle Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zakaria Megat Sharifuddin Megat , Singh Amrik Singh Phuman , Aras Mohd Shahrieel Mohd
Published: September 2024

Multi-axle vehicles (MAVs) are used to transport heavy loads, navigate challenging terrain, and perform specific tasks. However, designing vehicle control systems for such vehicles is challenging. MAVs, such as trucks, buses, military vehicles, and multi-purpose vehicles, require sophisticated control techniques to increase the stability and ride comfort of such vehicles. This paper provides a comprehensive review of standalone control systems and integrated control systems (ICSs) for the steering, driving/braking, and suspension systems of MAVs, with a particular focus on the optimal tyre force distribution (TFD) in ICSs for MAVs. It also discusses various objective functions and optimisation methods used for the TFD. The findings indicate that optimising TFD significantly improves the stability of MAVs. As such, future studies may consider examining optimising three-axis TFD for MAVs to further improve vehicle stability.
Design of a Path-Following Controller for Autonomous Vehicles Using an Optimized Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Method
Authors: Rizehvandi Ali , Azadi Shahram
Published: September 2024

The need for a safe and reliable transportation system has made the advancement of autonomous vehicles (Avs) increasingly significant. To achieve Level 5 autonomy, as defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers, AVs must be capable of navigating complex and unconventional traffic environments. Path-following is a crucial task in autonomous driving, requiring precise and safe navigation along a defined path. Traditional path-tracking methods often rely on parameter tuning or rule-based approaches, which may not be suitable for dynamic and complex environments. Reinforcement learning has emerged as a powerful technique for developing effective control strategies through agent-environment interactions. This study investigates the efficiency of an optimized Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) method for controlling acceleration and steering in the path-following of autonomous vehicles. The algorithm demonstrates rapid convergence, enabling stable and efficient path tracking. Additionally, the trained agent achieves smooth control without extreme actions. The performance of the optimized DDPG is compared with the standard DDPG algorithm, with results confirming the improved efficiency of the optimized approach. This advancement could significantly contribute to the development of autonomous driving technology.
Experimental Evaluation of Damping and Stiffness in Optimized Active Sport Utility Vehicle Suspension Systems
Authors: Awad Shaimaa , Awad Eid Ouda , Ata Wael Galal , El-Demerdash Samir M. , Gad Ahmed Shehata
Published: September 2024

On a flat city road, the specificity of the suspension poses a challenge. Sport utility vehicles (SUVs) have less flexibility compared to regular cars, despite providing a firm grip on asphalt and concrete. Constant adjustments to the center of gravity of SUVs are necessary. Surprisingly, they are less reliable and stable in urban settings due to this characteristic. In this study, a mathematical model of the suspension system of SUVs based on the Newtonian approach is introduced and validated with data from experiments carried out by the MTS machine system on the mono-tube (oil/air) mixed damper element. The model accurately predicts the performance of this damper, commonly used in SUVs, across various operating conditions, including different frequencies. A coil spring element, serving as a passive suspension unit with this damper, is also tested experimentally under similar conditions. By integrating passive suspension elements with the active actuator, the proposed modified design reduces the power consumption needed for the actuator to function and ensures a certain level of reliability. The effectiveness and performance of the modified active suspension system in comparison to the traditional passive suspension system are assessed using three different strategies: hybrid PID-LQR, linear quadratic regulator (LQR), and proportional-integral-derivative (PID). The genetic algorithm is utilized to determine the optimal parameter values for each controller by minimizing a cost function, maximizing performance, and minimizing energy consumption. Simulation results demonstrate that the active suspension system controlled by the PID-LQR controller offers significantly improved ride comfort and vehicle stability compared to other systems. This suggests that the performance of the active suspension system is greatly enhanced by the combined application of the hybrid PID-LQR controller compared to other systems.
REGIONAL CULTURE DEVELOPMENT AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FACTOR IN THE BATTLE FOR HUMAN CAPITAL
Authors: ДОБРОВЛЯНИН В.Д. , АНТИНЕСКУЛ Е.А.
Published: September 2024

В статье на материале Пермского края рассматривается культура как один из важнейших факторов и ресурсов в региональной конкурентоспособности. Изложены основные подходы к оценке конкурентоспособности региона. Кратко рассмотрен опыт зарубежных стран, где культура сыграла решающую роль в конкурентной борьбе за человеческий капитал. Предпринята попытка оценить влияние культурного фактора на развитие человеческого капитала Пермского края посредством проведения интервью с экспертным сообществом и регионального опроса студентов. Проведен анализ статистических данных, отражающих динамику показателей развития культуры Пермского края с 2005 по 2020 г. Отдельно проанализирован опыт реализации проекта 2008-2012 гг. «Пермь - культурная столица». Проведенное исследование показало, что культура может быть важным драйвером развития региона в конкурентной борьбе за человеческий капитал. Выявлены основные факторы конкурентоспособности Пермского края и перспективы его развития, а также произведена оценка культурной ситуации в крае.

This article examines the role of culture as a key factor and resource in promoting regional competitiveness, focusing on Perm Krai. It discusses various approaches used to evaluate regional competitiveness and highlights examples of other countries where culture was instrumental in attracting human capital. The study aims to determine the impact of the cultural factor on the human capital development of Perm Krai by conducting interviews with experts and surveying local students. Moreover, we also analyze statistical data reflecting the cultural development trends in Perm Krai between 2005 and 2020, including the “Perm - Capital of Culture" project from 2008 to 2012. The research findings suggest that culture could be a critical driver of regional development in the competition for human capital. Finally, we evaluate the cultural situation in Perm Krai and identify the main factors contributing to the region’s competitive advantage and prospects for its development.
SOCIOECONOMIC ZONING OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION BETWEEN KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA
Authors: СОКОЛОВ А.А. , РУДНЕВА О.С.
Published: September 2024

Актуальность исследования обоснована стратегической целью и практической важностью экономической кооперации и интеграции, развития культурного и политического сотрудничества в трансграничных регионах. В статье на основе анализа основных индикаторов социально-экономического развития приграничных территорий проведено районирование российско-казахстанского трансграничного региона. Выполненное исследование имеет комплексный характер и может служить основой для выявления различных рисков в сфере приграничной безопасности и анализа устойчивости российско-казахстанской границы. В результате исследования на пространстве российско-казахстанского трансграничного региона выделено четыре социально-экономических района: Западный, Центральный, Северный и Восточный, каждый из которых имеет свою специфику. При этом Западный и Северный районы вошли в группу с преобладанием более развитых регионов, тогда как Центральный и Восточный оказались менее освоенными и бедными территориями. Одновременно была выявлена закономерность: в более развитых социально-экономических районах наблюдается существенная асимметрия в показателях развития сопредельных приграничных территорий, при этом в менее развитых районах такая асимметрия практически отсутствует. В итоге полученные данные продемонстрировали высокую степень дифференциации социально-экономического развития территории российско-казахстанского трансграничного региона.

The study's relevance is substantiated by the strategic goal and practical significance of economic cooperation and integration, as well as the advancement of cultural and political collaboration between neighboring states. The research involves analyzing socioeconomic data of cross-border territories and zoning the Kazakhstan-Russia border area. This comprehensive study can serve as a foundation for detecting border security risks and examining the stability of the Kazakhstan-Russia border. The findings reveal the existence of four socioeconomic regions within the Kazakhstan-Russia cross-border area: Western, Central, Northern, and Eastern, each with its specifics. The Western and Northern regions are identified as having predominantly developed territories, whereas the Central and Eastern ones exhibit lower levels of development and economic prosperity. Interestingly, a consistent pattern emerged, indicating significant developmental asymmetry between adjacent border areas in the more developed territories, whereas such disparities were minimal in the less developed regions. Overall, the research findings demonstrate notable differences in socioeconomic parameters across the Kazakhstan-Russia cross-border region.
CYCLICAL MODELS OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN REGIONS, THE FEDERAL CENTER, AND BUSINESS STRUCTURES
Authors: СУСПИЦЫН С.А.
Published: September 2024

В статье предложен ряд многофакторных циклических моделей: для формирования вариантов макроэкономических параметров на уровне страны в целом; для трансляции макроэкономических параметров на уровень макрозон и регионов; для определения динамики и структуры ключевых показателей развития регионов (ВРП, инвестиции, денежные доходы населения и др.) в их взаимосвязях. Методологической основой для их построения послужили приемы когнитивного моделирования в сочетании с моделями тройной спирали. Предложена комплексная методика совместного использования этих моделей, направленная на обоснование приемлемых компромиссов в формировании ключевых параметров макроэкономического сценария и распределении результатов экономической деятельности между регионами в соответствии с его установками. Исследована когнитивная модель циклических взаимодействий в системе «регионы - федеральный центр - бизнес-структуры», позволяющая изучать отношения ее участников в системе прямых и обратных связей. Предложены схемы сводной оценки вклада каждого участника в общий поток трансакций между ними. Построены алгоритмы корректирования входных и выходных трансакций акторов в направлении сближения сводных оценок их активности. Результаты экспериментальных расчетов по модели подтверждают обоснованность отдельных предложений экспертного сообщества о желаемых изменениях в отношениях между регионами, федеральным центром и бизнес-структурами.

The article introduces a series of multifactor cyclical models aimed at achieving several objectives: shaping macroeconomic parameters on a national scale, translating these parameters to macrozones and regions, and outlining the dynamics and structure of key indicators of regional development (such as GRP, investment, and population income) in their interconnectedness. The construction of these models is underpinned by a methodological fusion of cognitive modeling techniques and triple helix models. The proposed comprehensive methodology combines these models, seeking to establish well-founded compromises in establishing key parameters for the macroeconomic scenario and the equitable distribution of economic results among regions based on predefined settings. Moreover, the study delves into a cognitive model of cyclic interactions within the “regions - federal center - business structures" system. This model allows for an examination of relationships among its participants within forward and backward linkages. It further suggests schemes for summarily assessing the contributions made by each participant to the overall transaction flow between them. We then develop algorithms for adjusting the input and output transactions of stakeholders to converge summary assessments of their activities. The experimental calculations conducted on this model validate certain suggestions from the expert community regarding desirable modifications in the relations between regions, the federal center, and business structures.
RUSSIA’S “CONTACT ZONE” WITH THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION: THE FAR EAST
Authors: ИЗОТОВ Д.А.
Published: September 2024

Дальний Восток России выполняет для национальной экономики функцию «контактной зоны» со странами АТР. При прочих равных условиях эффективная реализация потенциала российского Дальнего Востока возможна при снижении различных барьеров, сдерживающих торгово-экономические взаимодействия этого макрорегиона с зарубежными рынками. В текущих обстоятельствах увеличения экзогенных барьеров для национальной экономики в целом создаются предпосылки для отклонения торговых потоков Дальнего Востока России в пользу КНР, что генерирует негативные эффекты вынужденной привязки к одному зарубежному рынку.

The Russian Far East functions as a “contact zone" connecting the national economy with Asia-Pacific nations. Other things being equal, to fully unlock the potential of this region, it is essential to minimize the obstacles hindering its trade and economic engagement with foreign markets. Given the rising external barriers faced by the entire national economy, there is a growing possibility that the Far East of Russia may increasingly redirect trade toward China. This could lead to adverse consequences, as it would create an overreliance on a single foreign market.