bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Certified reference materials of antibacterial substances: principle of development
Authors: Gulyaeva A. Yu. , Kis I. V. , Kolyachkina S. V. , Khrushchev A. Y.
Published: March 2021

The authors of the publication have described the basic principles of the procedure of defining metrological characteristics of certified reference materials (hereinafter referred to as CRMs) of antibacterial substances that are being developed. CRMs of antibacterial substances are intended for certification of measurement procedures and accuracy control of measurement results. CRMs can be used for graduation, calibration of measuring instruments if their metrological and technical characteristics comply with the procedures of graduation and calibration of measuring instruments, as well as determination of antibiotic sensitivity of pathogenic microorganisms and authenticity of active substances in pharmaceutical drugs.
Results of researches for new method for metrological assurance of mass measurements on conveyor weigher
Authors: Aronov P. M. , Medvedevskikh S. V. , Firsanov V. A. , Ostrivnoy A. F. , Shmigelsky I. Yu. , Kotliarov R. Yu.
Published: March 2021

The paper considers the issue related to calibration of conveyor weigher in laboratory environment for its usage as etalon and the subsequent transfer of a unit of linear density from them to the transported means of comparison – the measure of linear density. The equations of the mass flow in instant hopper-conveyor system are got. The algorithm of etalon conveyor weigher calibration is developed on the results of mass measurement in hopper at work process of hopper-conveyor instant system which doesn’t require passing a known fixed mass through a conveyor weigher. The transfer way of linear density unit from etalon conveyor weigher to linear density measure with accuracy required by measurement chain is proposed.
How Schools affected COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Data Analysis for Lombardy Region, Campania Region, and Emilia Region
Authors: Tosi Davide , Siro Campi Alessandro
Published: March 2021

Background: CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the main discussed topic world-wide in 2020 and at the beginning of the Italian epidemic, scientists tried to understand the virus diffusion and the epidemic curve of positive cases with controversial findings and numbers.
Objectives: In this paper, a data analytics study on the diffusion of COVID-19 in Lombardy Region and Campania Region is developed in order to identify the driver that sparked the second wave in Italy
Methods: Starting from all the available official data collected about the diffusion of COVID-19, we analyzed google mobility data, school data and infection data for two big regions in Italy: Lombardy Region and Campania Region, which adopted two different approaches in opening and closing schools. To reinforce our findings, we also extended the analysis to the Emilia Romagna Region.
Results: The paper aims at showing how different policies adopted in school opening / closing may have on the impact on the COVID-19 spread.
Conclusions: The paper shows that a clear correlation exists between the school contagion and the subsequent temporal overall contagion in a geographical area.
Astringency Sensitivity to Tannic Acid: Effect of Ageing and Salivary Flow
Authors: Wang Mei , Septier Chantal , Brignot Hélène , Martin Christophe , Canon Francis , Feron Gilles
Published: March 2021

Astringency is an important sensory characteristic of food and beverages containing polyphenols. However, astringency perception in elderly people has not been documented. The aim of the present work was to evaluate sensitivity to astringency as a function of age and salivary flow. Fifty-four panellists, including 30 elderly people (age=75±4.2 years) and 24 young people (age=29.4±3.8 years), participated in this study. Astringency sensitivity was evaluated by the 2-alternative forced choice (2-AFC) procedure using tannic acid solutions. Whole saliva was collected for 5 min before and after sensory tests. The results showed that the astringency threshold was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the young group. Moreover, a negative correlation between salivary flow and threshold was observed in the young group only. These results showed a difference in oral astringency perception as a function of age for the first time. This difference can be linked to salivary properties that differ as a function of age.
Volatility Modeling: An Overview of Equity Markets in the Euro Area During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Duttilo Pierdomenico , Gattone Stefano Antonio , Battista Tonio
Published: March 2021

Volatility is the most widespread measure of risk. Volatility modeling allows investors to capture potential losses and investment opportunities. This work aims to examine the impact of the two waves of COVID-19 infections on the return and volatility of the stock market indices of the euro area countries. The study also focuses on other important aspects such as time-varying risk premium and leverage effect. Thus, this investigation employed the Threshold GARCH(1,1)-in-Mean model with exogenous dummy variables. Daily returns of ten euro area stock indices from 4th January 2016 to 31th December 2020 has been used for the analysis. The results reveal that euro area stock markets respond differently to the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the first wave of COVID-19 infections had a notable impact on stock market volatility of euro area countries with large and middle financial centres while the second wave had a significant impact only on stock market volatility of Belgium.
Novel Candidates for Palladium Alloys – Enhanced Strength and Ductility - Generalized Stacking Fault Energy Calculations
Authors: Muzyk Marek
Published: March 2021

Generalized stacking fault energies of palladium alloys were calculated using the density functional theory. The stacking fault energy of palladium alloys is correlated with the valence electron of the transition metal element. The twinning tendency is also modified by the presence of an alloying element in the plane of deformation. The obtained results suggest that Pd –transition metal alloys with elements such as Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re are expected to exhibit high work hardening rate due to the tendency to emit of the partial dislocations and mechanical twins, which results in increased strength and ductility.
Exploration and Practice of the Integration of Curriculum Ideology and Politics with Middle School English Teaching
Authors: Juan Wang , Chunping Ji , Haiyun Zhou , Yuxin Zeng , Yinglian Zhao
Published: March 2021

There is no platform and mechanism for the integrated construction of curriculum content. This is reflected in the layout of the syllabus, curriculum standards, teaching objectives, and teaching content of universities, middle schools, and primary schools, and the overall arrangement has not yet been formed. Secondly, the content of ideological and political courses is duplicated. Third, there are gaps in the content of ideological and political courses. Finally, the content of ideological and political courses is inverted. Although the content of the ideological and political course as a whole embodies the line of understanding from low to high, from concrete to abstract, the phenomenon of abstract in primary schools and normative and concrete in universities still exists to varying degrees.
The Dose-Response Effect of the Mast Cell Stabilizer Ketotifen Fumarate on Posttraumatic Joint Contracture
Authors: Schneider Prism S. , Johal Herman , Befus A. Dean , Salo Paul T. , Hart David A. , Hildebrand Kevin A.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Posttraumatic joint contracture is a debilitating complication following an acute fracture or intra-articular injury that can lead to loss of motion and an inability to complete activities of daily living. In prior studies using an established in vivo model, we found that ketotifen fumarate (KF), a mast cell stabilizer, was associated with a significant reduction in the severity of posttraumatic joint contracture. Our primary research question in the current study was to determine whether a dose-response relationship exists between KF and posttraumatic joint contracture reduction.

Methods:

A standardized operative method to create posttraumatic joint contracture in a knee was performed on skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits. The animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups (n = 10 per group): a nonoperative control group, an operative control group, or 1 of 3 experimental KF groups (0.01 mg/kg [the KF 0.01 group], 0.1 mg/kg [KF 0.1], or 5.0 mg/kg [KF 5.0]). Flexion contractures were measured following 8 weeks of knee immobilization using a hydraulic material-testing machine. The posterior knee joint capsules were then harvested for quantification of myofibroblast and mast cell numbers with immunohistochemistry analysis.

Results:

Forty-five rabbits were used in the final analysis. Contracture severity was significantly reduced in the KF 0.1 group (p = 0.016) and the KF 5.0 group (p = 0.001) compared with the operative control group. When converted to a percent response, posttraumatic joint contracture reduction was 13%, 45%, and 63% for the KF 0.01, KF 0.1, and KF 5.0 groups, respectively. A half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) for KF of 0.22 mg/kg was established. There was also a decrease in myofibroblasts, mast cells, and substance P-containing nerve fiber counts with increasing doses of KF.

Conclusions:

Using a preclinical, rabbit in vivo model of posttraumatic joint contracture, increasing doses of KF were associated with decreasing biomechanical estimates of knee posttraumatic joint contracture as well as decreasing numbers of myofibroblasts, mast cells, and substance P-containing nerve fibers.

Clinical Relevance:

KF has been used safely in humans for more than 40 years and, to our knowledge, is the first and only agent ready to be potentially translated into an effective treatment for posttraumatic joint contracture.
Machine Learning Can Predict Level of Improvement in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: McLendon Paul B. , Christmas Kaitlyn N. , Simon Peter , Plummer Otho R. , Hunt Audrey , Ahmed Adil S. , Mighell Mark A. , Frankle Mark A.
Published: March 2021

Background:

The ability to accurately predict postoperative outcomes is of considerable interest in the field of orthopaedic surgery. Machine learning has been used as a form of predictive modeling in multiple health-care settings. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether machine learning algorithms using preoperative data can predict improvement in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores for patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA) at a minimum of 2 years after shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study that included 472 patients (472 shoulders) diagnosed with primary glenohumeral OA (mean age, 68 years; 56% male) treated with shoulder arthroplasty (431 anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty and 41 reverse total shoulder arthroplasty). Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were used to classify patients on the basis of glenoid and rotator cuff morphology. Preoperative and final postoperative ASES scores were used to assess the level of improvement. Patients were separated into 3 improvement ranges of approximately equal size. Machine learning methods that related patterns of these variables to outcome ranges were employed. Three modeling approaches were compared: a model with the use of all baseline variables (Model 1), a model omitting morphological variables (Model 2), and a model omitting ASES variables (Model 3).

Results:

Improvement ranges of ≤28 points (class A), 29 to 55 points (class B), and >55 points (class C) were established. Using all follow-up time intervals, Model 1 gave the most accurate predictions, with probability values of 0.94, 0.95, and 0.94 for classes A, B, and C, respectively. This was followed by Model 2 (0.93, 0.80, and 0.73) and Model 3 (0.77, 0.72, and 0.71).

Conclusions:

Machine learning can accurately predict the level of improvement after shoulder arthroplasty for glenohumeral OA. This may allow physicians to improve patient satisfaction by better managing expectations. These predictions were most accurate when latent variables were combined with morphological variables, suggesting that both patients’ perceptions and structural pathology are critical to optimizing outcomes in shoulder arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Invasion of coral reefs of Lakshadweep atolls by a central Indo-Pacific corallimorph
Authors: A. Alvin , R. Aju K. , R. Sreenath K. , A. Pradeep M. , A. Nisha E. , K. Joshi K.
Published: March 2021

Worldwide, coral reefs are in decline due to mass bleaching, natural calamities, diseases, and anthropogenic stressors that expose large swathe of unutilized substratum which is later occupied by other benthic organisms like corallimorpharians, anemones, macroalgae etc. In the current work, we describe for the first time, the competitive interaction between a corallimorph and hard corals, observed in Kavaratti and Chetlat atolls in the tropical Indian Ocean, which is the first reported instance of an invasion of corallimorpharian in the entire Lakshadweep islands. The corallimorph, Rhodactis bryoides Haddon & Shackleton, 1893, is identified by morphological and molecular analysis. It is found that the species has no previous records from the western Indian Ocean region. Since the competitive interaction among reef organisms for space will have significant repercussions on the entire reef ecosystem in the future, we observed the pace of invasion for six months and calculated the relative abundance of the corallimorph using transects. None of the previous factors causing a corallimorpharia outbreak viz., external disturbances and nutrient enrichment were observed in this region. However, these tropical atolls are prone to occasional bleaching during the summer seasons. Further investigation needs to be conducted on the biology of this species, the interaction with other benthic groups and the environmental descriptors promoting the invasion.
Atrial myxoma with renal colic
Authors: Guo Yang , Cao Min , Huang Xiaobo , Pan Lingai
Published: March 2021

Backgroundcardiac myxoma is a common benign tumor of the heart. It can have any presentation such as mitral stenosis, embolization. The best treatment is surgical resection.Case presentationA 30-year-old man presented with 2-days of right renal colic and chest tightness, dyspnea. He was diagnosed as renal infarction through ultrasound in another hospital and received some analgesic drugs. But the symptoms didn’t resolved and he came to our ICU(Intensive Care Medicine). We performed the ultrasonography and found a mass in the right atrium computed tomography angiography cofirmed it, and it was cross-valve growth, irregular shape, and slight enhancement of the enhanced edge, consider myxoma. Multiple non-reinforced areas were seen in the right renal cortex and medulla, right renal artery embolization, right renal infarction might be considered. The patient was taken to the operating room for emergent myxoma resection, renal artery thrombectomy.ConclusionMyxomas should be in differential diagnosis in patient present with thromboembolism. Early diagnosis and surgical are crucial treatment in deal with myxoma.
Physical characterization of the fruit and nutritional value and microbiology quality of the Pentadesma butyracea fruit pulp collected from various parks in Benin
Authors: Ayegnon Bernolde Paul , Chabi Ifagbémi Bienvenue , Akogou Folachodé Ulrich Gildas , Kayodé Adéchola Pierre Polycarpe
Published: March 2021

In Benin, Pentadesma butyracea fruit pulp undergoes significant post-harvest loss due to its low valorization. The collected fruits in five parklands from a survey of transformer's perception were characterized through their visual observations, the determination of their dimensions and pulp proportions. The nutritional value of pulp was evaluated through its chemical characterization. The results of this study revealed that four shapes (ellipsoid, globular, ovoid, ellipsoid twisted) identify the physical aspect of P. butyracea fruits in the P. butyracea parklands. The average length, diameter at the equator, mass and pulp proportion of fruits were 130.93 mm, 86.98 mm, 125.63 g and 35.79%, respectively. The physicochemical characterization showed that the P. butyracea fruit pulp contained 3.37-3.41 pH, 3.33-4.61% protein, 20.37 – 20.78% fiber, 2.78-3.57% ash, 6.31-6.51% crude lipid, 85.77-86.47% moisture, 21.54-23.22 mg/ml total phenolics, 0.73-1.03% acidity titratable, 65.10 – 66.94% carbohydrates, 335.75-338.99 kcal calorie and minerals (Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn). The antioxidant activity result showed that the P. butyracea fruit pulp is a valuable source of antioxidant pigments. Faecal coliforms are not detected in pulps and the aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and moulds, and Staphylococcus aureus were below detection level in P. butyracea fruit pulps.
WITHDRAWN: Change impact analysis of complex product based on three-parameter interval grey number grey relational model
Authors: Yang Weiming , Li Congdong , Yu Yinyun , Li Bingjun
Published: March 2021

Change impact evaluation of complex product plays an important role in controlling change cost and improving change efficiency of engineering change enterprises. In order to improve the accuracy of change impact evaluation,this paper firstly expresses engineering changes based on multi-stage complex networks. Then, it constructs the evaluation index system of complex product engineering change impact. Next, based on the combination weighted three-parameter grey relational model, the engineering change impact of complex product is evaluated. Finally, a case analysis was carried out with the permanent magnet synchronous centrifugal compressor in a large permanent magnet synchronous centrifugal unit to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Control of Dynamic sp3-C Stereochemistry
Authors: Bismillah Aisha , Johnson Toby , Hussein Burhan , Turley Andrew , Wong Ho Chi , Aguilar Juan , Yufit Dmitry , McGonigal Paul
Published: March 2021

Stereogenic sp3-hybridized carbon centres are fundamental building blocks of chiral molecules. Unlike dynamic stereogenic motifs, such as sp3-nitrogen centres or atropisomeric biaryls, sp3-carbon centres are usually fixed, requiring intermolecular reactions to undergo configurational change. Here, we report the internal enantiomerization of fluxional carbon cages and the consequences of their adaptive configurations for the transmission of stereochemical information. The sp3-carbon stereochemistry of the rigid tricyclic cages is inverted through strain-assisted Cope rearrangements, emulating the low-barrier configurational dynamics typical for sp3 nitrogen inversion or conformational isomerism. This dynamic enantiomerization can be stopped, restarted, or slowed by external reagents, while the configuration of the cage is controlled by neighbouring, fixed stereogenic centres. As part of a phosphoramidite–olefin ligand, the fluxional cage acts as a conduit to transmit stereochemical information from the ligand while also transferring its dynamic properties to chiral-at-metal coordination environments, influencing catalysis and ligand exchange energetics.
Measuring Health Sciences Research Capacity in Africa: Mapping The Available Data
Authors: Wenham Clare , Wouters Olivier , Jones Catherine M , Mijumbi Rhona M , Juma Pamela A , Sobngwi-Tambekou Joelle L , Parkhurst Justin
Published: March 2021

Background: In recent years there have been calls to strengthen health sciences research capacity in African countries. This capacity can contribute to improvements in health, social welfare, and poverty reduction through domestic application of research findings; it is increasingly seen as critical to pandemic preparedness and response. Developing research infrastructure and performance may reduce national economies’ reliance on primary commodity and agricultural production, as countries strive to develop knowledge-based economies to help drive macroeconomic growth. Yet efforts to date to understand health sciences research capacity are limited to output metrics of journal citations and publications, failing to reflect the complexity of the health sciences research landscape in many settings. Methods: We map and assess current capacity for health sciences research across all 54 countries of Africa by collecting a range of available data. This included structural indicators (research institutions and research funding), process indicators (clinical trial infrastructures, intellectual property rights, and regulatory capacities) and output indicators (publications and citations). Results: While there are some countries which perform well across the range of indicators used, for most countries the results are varied – suggesting high relative performance in some indicators, but lower in others. Missing data for key measures of capacity or performance is also a key concern. Taken as a whole, existing data suggest a nuanced view of current health sciences research landscape on the African continent.Conclusion: Mapping existing data may enable governments and international organisations to identify where gaps in health sciences research capacity lie, particularly in comparison to other countries in the region. It also highlights gaps where more data are needed. These data can help to inform investment priorities and future system needs.
Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contamination in Agricultural Soils
Authors: Rani Jyoti , Chaudhary Sudesh , Agarwal Tripti
Published: March 2021

The present study was conducted to assess heavy metals contamination in agricultural soils in the National Capital Region, Delhi. A total of 84 soil samples were collected from selected agricultural areas located near industries, national highways, state highways, Yamuna floodplain, residential complexes, and wastewater irrigated soils. Heavy metal concentrations (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), pH, and organic carbon (%) were analyzed in the collected soil samples. The average value of pH and organic carbon in the soil samples collected were 7.79±0.49 and 0.53±0.17 percent. Average concentrations of heavy metals in soils were found to be in the order of Fe> Al>Mn> Zn> Ni>Cr> Cu>Pb> Co> Cd with value as 14916.92 mg kg -1 , 13538.87 mg kg -1 , 277.16 mg kg -1 , 74.53 mg kg -1 , 35.34 mg kg -1 , 33.68 mg kg -1 , 22.94 mg kg -1 , 18.45 mg kg -1 , 1.88 mg kg -1 , and 0.92 mg kg -1 . A very high concentration of Fe (6640.09-32650.23 mg kg -1 ), Al (5631-27209.99 mg kg -1 ), Mn (73.8-735.72 mg kg -1 ), Zn (16.45-221.88 mg kg -1 ), Ni (7.63-192.63 mg kg -1 ), and Cr (9.65-127.21 mg kg -1 ) were recorded in agricultural soil samples. The average concentrations of Mn, Ni, and Zn in the soil samples were several times higher than their concentration in Indian natural background soils. A significant potential ecological risk has been noticed in nearly all the agricultural soil samples except for the samples collected nearby residential areas. The contamination factor has shown that most of the soil samples were moderately contaminated with Mn, Ni, Fe, and Cr and some soil samples were considerably to strongly contaminated with Cd, Zn, Pb, and Ni. Wastewater irrigated soils showed a moderate to a strong degree of accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, and Zn).
A large π-conjugated ligand in metal-organic framework as opticalswitch to regulate the electron transfer pathway for highly selective reduction of CO2 to CH4
Authors: Liao Pei-Qin , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhu Hao-Lin , Huang Ning-Yu , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: March 2021

Here, we report a Cu-based metal-organic framework (Cu-DBC), constructed by the large π-conjugated ligand dibenzo-[g,p]chrysene-2,3,6,7,10,11,14,15-octaol and the square-pyramidal CuO5 nodes, as the photo-coupled electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to CH4. Under visible light, it exhibits high performance for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4 with selectivity of 100% and rate of 1.04 μmol g-1 h-1, without additional photosensitizer. Importantly, at -1.4 V vs. RHE, it exhibits high performance for photo-coupled electroreduction of CO2 to CH4 with a Faradaic efficiency (CH4) of 93% and current density of 10.4 A g-1. Theoretical calculations, in-situ infrared spectroscopy investigation and Mott–Schottky measurements showed that the large conjugated ligand in Cu-DBC has the suitable lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) to match well with the reduction potential of CO2/CH4 and serves as a photoswitch to regulate electron transfer pathway to the metal center, resulting highly selective photocatalytic reduction or photo-coupled electroreduction of CO2 to CH4.
A preliminary study of antibodies and antigen kinetics in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Zhou Mi , Li Qingfeng , Zheng YongLi , Li Guoqing , Cong Xue , Liu Dafeng , Wang Yuanfang , Dong Ke , Luo Ruocheng , Wu Kunpeng , Zhao Xing , Li Dongdong , Zuo Haojiang
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe antigen and antibody kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients remains unclear, and the clinical values of the serological test have not been completely elucidated.MethodsA total of 154 serum samples from 13 patients with COVID-19 infection were collected at about three-day intervals during hospitalization. Samples were screened for SARS-CoV-2-specific total antibodies (TAb), IgA, IgM, IgG, and antigen (Ag) using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA).ResultsThe overall seroconversion and/or four-fold increase rates of TAb, IgA, IgM, and IgG during hospitalization were 92.31%, 92.31%, 84.62%, and 92.31%, respectively. However, within a week of onset, antibodies were present in <50% of the patients. The combination of “Ag and/or TAb” maintained the positive rate at 81.82% during the first three days after symptom onset and quickly enhanced to 92.31% during 4–6 days after the symptom onset. The seropositive median day of Ag was two days after symptom onset. Among patients who underwent IgM and IgG seroconversion, the seroconversion median days of IgA, TAb, IgM, and IgG were 9.5 days, 10 days, 11 days, and 11.5 days after the symptom onset, respectively.ConclusionsSerological testing, especially virus-specific antigen testing, may be helpful for early identification of suspected patients and asymptomatic infections.
Gender differences in perception of the appropriate maturity age for men and women: Age norms of reproduction-related life events between the social context and evolutionary foundations
Authors: Todosijević Bojan , Ignjatović Suzana
Published: March 2021

The paper explores gender differences in the perception of appropriate age for reproduction-related life events. Evolutionary theory suggests that age norms are shaped by gender-specific evolutionary challenges. We tested two hypotheses based on the evolutionary rationale. Hypothesis 1 suggests that both men and women believe that women should reach maturity and experience reproduction-related life events earlier than men. Hypothesis 2 claims that men and women demonstrate this tendency asymmetrically. When women estimate the appropriate/ideal age for men, they suggest a higher appropriate age for men than men themselves. When men estimate the appropriate/ideal age for women, they suggest a younger age for women compared to women themselves. In the second part of the paper, we explored the background of these claims by testing the alternative explanations based on ‘social forces’ (culture, socio-economic status, education, age, values). The hypotheses were tested using the 9th wave of the ESS data, totaling around 47 thousand respondents and the sample of Balkan countries was analyzed in more detail. The appropriate age was measured using ‘ideal age’ as the concept which reflects the optimal timing expectations for reproduction-related events: living with a partner, marriage, and parenthood. Respondents were also asked to make judgments about the appropriate age of becoming an adult for men and women. The overall results supported the outlined expectations based on the evolutionary approach. The results did not provide convincing evidence for the alternative, non-evolutionary interpretation of the identified patterns.
Rapid Evidence Assessment Protocol for the the Meta-analysis of Initiatives, Interventions and Programmes that Target Rural NEETs
Authors: Flynn Paul , McCauley Veronica , Mujcinovic Alen , Radovic Vesela , Bojnec Stefan , Simoes Francisco
Published: March 2021

Background The dependency of rural economies on agricultural practices for survival has been in decline for a number of years, seriously threatening rural communities sustainability. It is now evident that attracting young people into agricultural professions is proving difficult. As a consequence, policy measures that aim to enhance the likelihood of rural employment for young people or rural NEETs have been introduced in countries with the aim of reducing at-at-risk-poverty rates and supporting the long term viability of rural economies. The aim of this rapid review is to summarise the published literature reporting on the effectiveness of initiatives, interventions and programmes that target rural NEETs.Methods The following databases will be searched: Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, ERIC and ProQuest. Internet searching through Google Scholar will also be carried out. The result of the search will be downloaded and saved to Mendeley. Informed by PRISMA guidelines, duplicates will be removed. The titles and abstracts of all remaining studies will be screened by at least two independent reviewers informed by the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. Where a decision to include or exclude cannot be reached by the two independent reviewers an additional reviewer will adjudicate. All results, screening process results will be documented in tabular form and communicated in a PRISMA flow diagram.Discussion This rapid review protocol will provide a time limited state-of-the-art evidence report, specific to the challenges experienced by rural NEETs, that will help those involved in policy development, policy response initiatives and proximal implementation. It is intended that additional opportunities for innovation and/or research may be communicated to relevant stakeholders. Hence, they will be able to create a useful framework for embedding rural youth in the context of so needed structural transformation of rural communities.Systematic Review Registration This protocol has been submitted to the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO, published, and assigned the following reference number: CRD42021236794.
Short and mid-term results of thoracoscopic surgery for esophageal atresia in low birth weight infants:A single-center clinical experience
Authors: Yan Lei , Liu MingKun , Zhang Bing , Lin Yu , Wu Dianming , Fang YiFan
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term safety and long-term efficacy of thoracoscopic surgery for esophageal atresia(EA) in low birth weight infants. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2019,a retrospective analysis on clinical data of 48 cases of low birth weight infants of EA. The clinical data were divided according to surgical methods: Thoracoscopy group A and thoracotomy group B. Variables of intra-operation, postoperative complications and mid-term postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results: 3 were discharged due to treatment abandoning. there were 17 cases in thoracoscopy group A and 28 cases in thoracotomy group B. The operation time of group A(172.41±20.00min)was longer than B(149.82±13.91min),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).the intraoperative blood loss of group A(7.41±2.83ml) was less than B(18.61±3.60ml),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).postoperative mechanical ventilation time, thoracic drainage time, hospital stay were not significantly different between the two groups. the incidence of anastomotic stenosis in group B(58.82%) was higher than in A(28.57%),the difference was statistically significant (P=0.045).There was no significant difference in the incidence of esophageal anastomotic fistula and recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula. After 3 years of follow-up, the incidence of thoracic deformity in group B(25%) was higher than in A(0%).The difference was significant(P=0.034).However, no significant difference was observed among the gastroesophageal reflux, symptomatic stenosis, tracheomalacia. Conclusion: Compared with thoracotomy, thoracoscopy in low weight infants with EA has the advantages of smaller incision, fewer intraoperative bleeding, and less incidence of thoracic deformities. Thoracoscopy might be a feasible surgical option for low weight infants when performed by a surgeon who has rich experience. The major mid-term complications after surgery are esophageal stenosis, gastroesophageal reflux and tracheomalacia.
Application value of 3D-printed Bolus in radiotherapy after radical mastectomy
Authors: Zhang Yaotian , Ma Xinchi , Cong Yuyang , Guo Hong , Wei Linlin , Zeng Xue , Sun Chaonan , Han Ning , Sun Shichen , Qin Zilan , Liu Zhuang , Zhang Na
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 3D-printed Bolus or conventional Bolus on the dosimetric distribution of target area, dose of organs at risk (OARs) and body surface dose in patients with radiotherapy after radical breast cancer surgery.Methods: 1. A 3D-printed Bolus was made on the basis of the 3D scan data of the body surface contour of the human body model used for radiation simulation. Conventional Bolus and 3D-printed Bolus were used to cover the phantom; computed tomography (CT) simulation, target area and OARs were delineated and an intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan was created. The conformity, uniformity and dose of the OARs were evaluated for comparative analysis. 2. Two patients undergoing radiotherapy after radical mastectomy at the Liaoning Cancer Hospital were selected to produce 3D-printed Bolus on the basis of the 3D scan data of the patient’s body surface. During radiotherapy, the conventional Bolus and 3D-printed Bolus were used for tissue compensation and a radiochromic film was used to measure the optical density (OD) values of the patient’s body surface. The difference in body surface dose between the conventional Bolus and the 3D-printed Bolus was analysed.Results: 1. The conformal index (CI) , heterogeneity index (HI) and dose of OARs of the 3D-printed Bolus intensity-modulated radiation therapy plan of the human body model used for radiation simulation were all superior to those of the conventional Bolus (CI = 0.941 vs. 0.979, HI = 0.134 vs. 0.288). 2. In the two patients undergoing radiotherapy after radical mastectomy for breast cancer, the OD values of the radiation chromogenic film using 3D-printed Bolus radiotherapy were higher than those using conventional Bolus (patient 1: P = 0.047; patient 2: P = 0.016).Conclusions: Compared with conventional Bolus, 3D-printed Bolus has obvious advantages in the target dose distribution of radiotherapy after radical breast cancer surgery and protection of OARs. Thus, it could improve the body surface dose of patients and should be promoted and applied in clinical treatment.
68Ga-FAPI-04 vs.18F-FDG in a Longitudinal Preclinical PET Imaging of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Ding Fan , Huang Chen , Liang Chenyi , wang cheng , Liu Jianjun , Tang Dewei
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This longitudinal study aims to evaluate the performance of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 and 18 F-FDG and to profile the dynamic process of tumor metastasis in a preclinical 4T1 breast cancer model. Although both of these two radioligands are wildly used in clinic, no study was reported on their performance in the longitudinal monitoring of tumor metastasis. Also, no correlation between the expression level of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and the development of tumor metastasis has been elucidated previously. In this study, we evaluated the performance of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 and 18 F-FDG PET during the entire process of tumor metastasis, and their potential for the early diagnosis of tumor metastasis. We also clarified the correlation of uptakes as well as the signal-to-background (S/B) ratios between these two probes at different stages of tumor metastasis. Methods: Forty 4T1 metastatic breast cancer murine model were established using female BALB/c mice, followed by the longitudinal imaging with 68 Ga-FAPI-04 and 18 F-FDG once a week for up to six weeks. In vitro Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) and immunochemistry (IHE) staining were performed to evaluate FAP expression on the metastatic lesions. Further statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 and 18 F-FDG uptake (%ID/cc) at different stages of the metastasis. Results: 68 Ga-FPAI-04 holds an advantage over 18 F-FDG with higher sensitivity at the early stage of tumor metastasis. However, with the progress of tumor metastasis, uptake of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 decreases and becomes less sensitive than 18 F-FDG. There is also no direct correlation between uptake or S/B ratios of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 and 18 F-FDG during this dynamic process. Conclusion: 68 Ga-FAPI-04 is more sensitive than 18 F-FDG in detecting the early stage of tumor metastasis, but becomes less sensitive than 18 F-FDG at the late stage of tumor metastasis. We envision this result would be meaningful for the explanation of the 18 Ga-FAPI-04 and 18 F-FDG imaging both in the future clinic and preclinic studies.
Laetantesicola Maris Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov. Isolated From the Sea of Japan Shallow Sediments.
Authors: Romanenko Lyudmila A. , Kurilenko Valeriya V. , Chernysheva Nadezhda Yu. , Tekutyeva Liudmila A. , Velansky Peter V. , Svetashev Vassilii I. , Isaeva Marina P.
Published: March 2021

A Gram-negative, non-motile bacterium КММ 3653T was isolated from a sediment sample from the Sea of Japan seashore, Russia. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis the strain КММ 3653T was positioned within the family Rhodobacteraceae (class Alphaproteobacteria) forming a distinct lineage with the highest gene sequence similarities to the members of the genera Pacificibacter (95.2-94.7%) and Nioella (95.1-94.5%), respectively. According to the phylogenomic tree based on 400 conserved protein sequences, strain КММ 3653T was placed in the cluster comprising Vannielia litorea, Nioella nitratireducens, Litoreibacter albidus and Pseudoruegeria aquimaris as a separate lineage adjacent to Vannielia litorea KCTC 32083T. The average nucleotide identity values between strain КММ 3653T and Vannielia litorea KCTC 32083T, Nioella nitratireducens KCTC 32417T, Litoreibacter albidus KMM 3851T, and Pseudoruegeria aquimaris CECT 7680T were 71.1, 70.3, 69.6, and 71.0%, respectively. Strain КММ 3653T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18:1ω7c as the major fatty acid followed by C16:0. The polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids, and five unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of 61.8 % was calculated from the genome sequence. Based on the phylogenetic evidence and distinctive phenotypic characteristics, strain КММ 3653T is proposed to be classified as a novel genus and species Laetantesicola maris gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Laetantesicola maris gen. nov., sp. nov. is КММ 3653T (=KCTC 82575T).
Validity of the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 for Depression Based on National Health Survey
Authors: Idaiani Sri , Suryaputri Indri Yunita , Mubasyiroh Rofingatul , Indrawati Lely , Darmayanti Ika
Published: March 2021

Background: Adequate data is required to assess the validity of mental emotional disorder for depression based on Indonesia Basic Health Research. The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of mental-emotional disorder using Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) to the depression evaluated through the means of a MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) questionnaire. Methods: The data were obtained from a total sample of 555,066 subjects analyzed from the National Health Survey (NHS) in 2018. These subjects were at least 15 years old with their mental-emotional disorders and depression assessed by using the SRQ and MINI, respectively. This study used the calculation of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, positive and negative likelihood ratio, ROC (receiver operating characteristic), kappa Brennan, and Prediger with the STATA statistical program version 15.00 to analyzed the data. Results: The cut-off point in each group was different, ranging from 4 and 6 that almost all of the Area Under Curve (AUC) values were above 0.90 and the SRQ agreement with MINI depression are good because they all have values above 0.80. Conclusion: The results obtained are used as material to predict the rate of depression in Indonesian residents aged ≥ 15 years.
Influência da periodontite no surgimento de degeneração macular: revisão de literatura
Authors: Franco Virgínia Barbosa Santos , Sampaio Marcos Oliveira , Guimarães Larissa Alves , Araújo Yasmin Soares de , Dias Karina Sarno Paes Alves
Published: March 2021

Introdução: Os estudos vêm mostrando a integração da Odontologia com diversas áreas da medicina. A falta de informação e os maus hábitos de higiene bucal contribuem para desencadear patologias orais que se agravam com o decorrer do tempo. Uma das mais importantes delas é a periodontite, caracterizada por uma perda lenta de osso alveolar e tecido conjuntivo com aspecto multifatorial, associada a uma variedade microbiana, principalmente a Porphyromonas gingivalis. Objetivo: Revisar na literatura a interferência da periodontite sobre a degeneração macular, salientando os fatores de causa, efeito e propagação. Material e métodos: Os artigos analisados foram publicados e disponibilizados nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e Scielo.  Revisão/Discussão: Quanto mais avançada é a idade do paciente, associada à presença do fator desencadeante da doença periodontal, maiores são as chances de se encontrar bactérias periodontopatogênicas ligadas à degeneração macular.  Conclusão: É importante que se tenha conhecimento sobre as doenças sistêmicas associadas à periodontite para estabelecer um diagnóstico diferencial, abordando uma conduta correta frente as peculiaridades de cada paciente e planejar o tratamento adequado.
Description of Prionchulus jonkershoekensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Mononchida), a new predatory species from South Africa
Authors: van Rensburg Candice Jansen , Fourie Hendrika , Ashrafi Samad , Rashidifard Milad
Published: March 2021

Prionchulus jonkershoekensis n. sp. is described from South Africa and illustrated using morphological, morphometric, and molecular techniques. This species is characterized by its body length (1.78–2.14 mm); the size of buccal cavity (38–44 × 24–31 µm), lower dorsal tooth position in relation to buccal cavity base, the position of amphidial aperture just above dorsal tooth apex, pars proximalis vaginae with almost straight walls, and tail 144–158 µm long with sickle shaped posterior third part. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18 S rDNA and 28 S rDNA of P. jonkershoekensis n. sp. revealed close relationships of the new species with Prionchulus punctatus and Prionchulus muscorum. This is also an additional geographical record for the genus from South Africa.
Customer Engagement in Higher Education: How Important the Role of Social Media Marketing, E-Service Quality and E-Satisfaction for Generation Z Students?
Authors: Simbolon Freddy Pandapotan , Yanti Lena
Published: March 2021

The industrial era 4.0 had lead big changes for companies in managing their business, such as carrying out marketing and service strategies. Social media and digital technology provided faster and more responsive service to customers. The use of social media was considered important to increase engagement of students from Generation Z and to improve academic achievement. The objective of the research was to examine the effect of social media marketing, e-service quality, and e-satisfaction on customer engagement. The research was conducted at Bina Nusantara University (Binus) with a sample of 100 students from Generation Z using quantitative approach with data collection by distributing questionnaires to be analyzed using path analysis. The findings show that social media marketing and e-service quality significantly have impacts on e-satisfaction and customer engagement, while the e-satisfaction does not significantly impact customer engagement. Therefore, the development of digital technology in higher education becomes the main focus for supporting services and activities.
Kontribusi Peradaban Andalusia terhadap Barat dan Kontekstualisasi Bagi Pendidikan Islam Masa Kini
Authors: Ichsan Yazida
Published: March 2021

The history of civilization during classical Islam experienced significant developments, especially during the Andalusian society. This article aims to describe the Andalusian civilization's glories and its contribution to the renaissance and Aufklarung's birth in the West and its contextualization to advance Islamic education today. This article is a literature research concerning historical literature sources. This study uses a heuristic approach, criticism, interpretation and histography. The analysis and discussion results show that Andalusia has several forms of progress that Western impact progress, which includes several things. First, a civilization which is manifested in thoughts works of art, buildings and literature. Second, education adopted by Western nations through students. Third, a translation which revives the awareness of the use of ratio. As for the current educational context, the Andalusia civilization's implications contribute to an understanding of scientific reasoning, integrating qauliyyah, kauniyah and nafsiyyah logic by forming a learning climate being open to learning Western science without leaving the spiritual element in Islam.
Pola Perubahan Ziarah Makam sebagai Arena Sosial
Authors: Arifin Suherman
Published: March 2021

The changing pattern of the grave pilgrimage as a social arena has undergone various changes. The tradition of pilgrimage to the tombs has been going on hundreds of years ago and in Islam. This study aims to determine how the pattern of changes in the grave expedition as a social arena. This article discusses habitus, arenas, social capital and practices that occur in society. Qualitative data with case studies are the approach used in the analysis. The data collection technique was carried out in three different ways, including in-depth interviews, discussions with the Nazirite tombs and document studies. Secondary sources were obtained through the old Banten museum, regional libraries, Nadziran documents, news on the pilgrimage site announcement boards, previous research reports, related papers, journal articles, visualization documents in the form of photographs others. The data analysis technique starts with data reduction, data presentation and concluding. This research resulted in several findings including grave pilgrimage as an arena for a family gathering, an arena for healing mental illnesses, an arena for work images, an arena for spiritual healing, an arena for hereditary ritual habitus, and a hall for symbolic power.