bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riesgo cardiovascular global en una población adulta mayor del área rural, Cantón de Garabito, Puntarenas
Authors: Carrillo Pablo Vásquez , Rivas Jacqueline Castillo , Nassar Johanna Salazar , De la Fuente Sandra Silva , Meza Gerardo Quirós
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: determinar el riesgo cardiovascular global en las personas adultas mayores que asisten al Centro Diurno de Ancianos Josefina Ugalde, de Quebrada Ganado, Puntarenas.
Lesiones ováricas en Pediatría. Estudio retrospectivo de 10 años
Authors: Hernández Isela Aguilar , Calderón Aleida Velásquez , Cordero María del Rocío Hernández
Published: March 2021

Las lesiones ováricas en la edad pediátrica no han sido muy documentadas en Costa Rica; el estudio permitirá comprender mejor sus características en el país, optimizando su manejo. Al comparar los datos obtenidos con los resultados de estudios similares en todo el mundo, Costa Rica tendrá más información para tratar nuevos casos y estar actualizada internacionalmente.
Universidad de Costa Rica - Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social ¿Unión o disolución?
Authors: Montealegre Carlos de Céspedes
Published: March 2021

Al iniciarse la enseñanza de la medicina y de otras carreras del área de la salud, los hospitales nacionales, aún no pertenecientes a la CCSS, se convirtieron tácita -aunque no formalmente- en hospitales universitarios; esta condición y el hecho de que en términos geográficos estaban en sitios separados -las ciencias básicas en San Pedro y las ciencias clínicas en el centro de San José- debilitaron desde un principio la unión de ambas instituciones.
Pitiriasis rubra pilaris tratada con lámpara excímero
Authors: Argüello Ruiz Daniel , Molina Loaiza Jimena
Published: March 2021

La pitiriasis rubra pilaris, es una dermatosis inflamatoria papuloescamosa e hiperqueratósica de origen desconocido y de progresión crónica, la cual puede evolucionar incluso a eritrodermia. El presente caso trata de un paciente de 27 años portador del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, diagnosticado con pitiriasis rubra pilaris tipo IV, inicialmente tratado con corticosteroide tópico y fototerapia, por cuatro meses. Sin embargo, presentó reactivación de las lesiones, por lo que se recurrió a la aplicación de lámpara excímero, utilizada en otras patologías dermatológicas, mas no de uso habitual en la pitiriasis rubra pilaris.

Descriptores: lámpara excímero, pitiriasis rubra pilaris, linfoma cutáneo de células T tipo micosis fungoide, virus de inmunodeficiencia humana
The new era in office-based facial rejuvenation: Promising technology of silicone threads
Authors: CELİK Naci
Published: March 2021

Aging is unpreventable, although its symptoms vary a lot among individuals because of the genetic determinants and one's life habits. Sun exposure, bad habits like excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking accelerate the aging process and urge people to seek for a solution to reverse the changes, especially for the most prominent part of our body, the face. Unfortunately, there is no one simple solution for that, and it includes a bunch of surgical and non-surgical interventions. Relatively simple methods have fewer risks, but the reversal effect is also minor. This includes neurotoxin and filler injections as well as energy-based devices. More competent surgical options, alas, come with a long and difficult recovery period and diverse, sometimes inevitable, complications. Most of the time, people are scared of the surgery and accept less invasive methods. Among these, thread lift is perceived as the missing link between the surgery and non-invasive methods. Unfortunately, up to recent years, the results of threads have not been promising, and they also have many complications. A new type of thread originated in France, made of silicone and polyester, gives promising results. This paper reviews the history and specifications of the threads and tries to explain the logic of their use in facial rejuvenation.
Quels facteurs influencent la qualité de vie des patients tunisiens atteints de cancer du poumon?
Authors: KHALLADI Rania , GARGOURI Imen , ZEDINI Chekib , BEN SAAD Helmi
Published: March 2021

Introduction - Les facteurs influençant la qualité de vie (QDV) des patients tunisiens atteints d’un cancer du poumon (CDP) sont méconnus.L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier les facteurs influençant la QDV des patients tunisiens atteints d’un CDP. Méthodes - Un questionnaire médical a évalué les caractéristiques générales et spécifiques de 100 patients dont 90 hommes, et les questionnaires QLQ-C30 et QLQLC13 ont évalué la QDV. Résultats - Les femmes, les sujets âgés, les mariés et les analphabètes avaient une mauvaise QDV. Comparativement aux patients indemnes de comorbidités, ceux ayant une à deux comorbidités avaient des scores d’activités physiques et professionnelles/ loisirs plus bas. Comparativement aux patients ayant un cancer datant de moins d’un an, ceux dont le cancer datait de plus d’un an avaient des scores de santé globale et d’activité physique plus bas, et des scores de nausées/vomissements, d’insomnie et d’anorexie plus élevés. Les patients en stade avancé avaient une mauvaise QDV en termes d’activités physique et émotionnelle, d’insomnie et de constipation. Les patients ayant des métastases avaient une mauvaise QDV en termes de score global, d’activité physique, de fatigue, d’insomnie, d’anorexie et de diarrhée. Le type histologique et le type de traitement n’influençaient pas la QDV. Le sexe n’influençait pas les scores du QLQ-LC13. Comparativement aux patients traités par chimiothérapie, ceux traités par la combinaison chimiothérapie et chirurgie avaient des scores de dyspnée et de neuropathie périphérique plus élevés. Conclusion - Les facteurs suivants influencent la QDV des Tunisiens atteints d’un CDP: le sexe, l’âge, l’état civil, le niveau de scolarisation, les comorbidités, le stade et la durée d’évolution du cancer, et les métastases. Comparativement aux patients traités par chimiothérapie, ceux traités par chimiothérapie et chirurgie avaient des scores de dyspnée et de neuropathie périphérique plus élevés.
A disposição a pagar pela sustentabilidade ambiental
Authors: Bicalho Félix Joanna , Nunes André
Published: March 2021

O artigo investiga a disposição do consumidor em pagar por produtos ecologicamente sustentáveis. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que os consumidores estão dispostos a substituir o produto habitualmente consumido por outro que seja correto do ponto de vista da sustentabilidade. A condição para a substituição é a obtenção de informações esclarecedoras e confiáveis sobre os reais atributos de sustentabilidade do produto ou marca.
Política e estratégias de integração na Pan-Amazônia: qual o lugar da agenda ambiental?
Authors: Ravena Nirvia , Gaitán Flavio , Cabral Eugênia , Cardoso Castro Pedro
Published: March 2021

Este artigo aborda a política de integração regional em curso na América Latina, ao longo dos anos 2000, com base nas premissas e ações da Iniciativa de Integração Regional Sul Americana (IIRSA) vista como estratégia de desenvolvimento adotada pelas elites políticas regionais e como instrumento da política exterior brasileira.Com foco nos projetos empreendidos no eixo localizado na Pan-Amazôniaanalisa a estratégia de integração vis-à-vis à regulação ambiental, destacando o papel que a virada à esquerda, nos países da Pan-Amazônia, promoveu sobre a regulação ambiental, ao adotar um modelo de integração que promove a diminuição do estoque de recursos naturais,estratégicos para políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritivo-analítica, baseada em dados secundários e conteúdos de documentos oficiais disponíveis nas instituições envolvidas. A análise empreendida associa a tipologia de Estado Logístico(Cervo2003) e a teoria da variedade do capitalismo (Hall andSoskice2001; Schneider, 2008) para compreender os desdobramentos do capitalismo na região a partir da ascensão das “novas esquerdas” ao poder, quando a agenda ambiental assume papel secundário no contexto da política de integração regional, contradizendo o conteúdo dos programas de governo e das agendas políticas que haviam colocado a questão ambiental como elemento central.
ANÁLISE DO TURISMO DE AVENTURA NO MUNICÍPIO DE QUIXADÁ (CEARÁ-BRASIL)
Authors: Oliveira Viana Lima Iana Barbara , Vicente da Silva Edson , Marques Fernandes Laura Mary , Henrique Sopchaki Carlos
Published: March 2021

O Turismo de Aventura é um segmento que tem como característica o maior contato e interação com a natureza, através de atividades de aventura estimulantes e não competitivas. A pesquisa tem como principal objetivo conhecer a dinâmica do Turismo de Aventura no município de Quixadá, identificando as atividades que são desenvolvidas, os núcleos de concentração dessas atividades e sua infraestrutura, os atrativos geoturísticos do município, suas limitações e potencialidades. A pesquisa se fundamenta na Geoecologia das Paisagens, sistematizada em quatro fases: Organização e Inventário; Análise; Diagnóstico e Prognóstico. Identificou-se que existe a concentração do turismo de aventura em alguns pontos do município, além de alguns problemas e limitações.
LA CALIDAD VISUAL PATRIMONIAL DEL PAISAJE AGRÍCOLA DEL ÁREA METROPOLITANA DE MENDOZA y EL TURISMO SUSTENTABLE
Authors: Manzini Marchesi Lorena
Published: March 2021

La degradación paulatina que se observa desde fines del siglo XX en el paisaje agrícola del Área Metropolitana de Mendoza (AMM) es agravada por los efectos de la metropolización y tendencias locales de apropiación del territorio afectando su cualidad de recurso turístico provincial e internacional. En este marco sostenemos como hipótesis que el reconocimiento de los valores visuales del paisaje en conjunción a su dimensión histórica permite ordenar de forma adecuada la implantación de determinados usos y actividades turísticas en un territorio, contribuyendo de esta manera, con un turismo sustentable que promueva un desarrollo local. Para ello se analizará la calidad visual patrimonial en relación a la dimensión histórica del paisaje agrícola del Área Metropolitana de Mendoza. Entendemos por calidad visual patrimonial al grado de excelencia de los atributos visuales de las características físicas e históricas del paisaje. Su análisis conjuga el estudio histórico - temporal, con el de homogeneidad y rareza de los usos del suelo, los sistemas estructurantes, la visibilidad, la calidad visual e intervisibilidad en las unidades visuales patrimoniales del paisaje en estudio. Para ello se aplica una metodología de investigación interdisciplinaria que integra la disciplina histórica, arquitectónica y geográfica. Lo que permite el trabajo con fuentes documentales gráficas de diversas épocas del paisaje y sus elementos constitutivos, sumado a la información que brinda el paisaje desde los puntos de observación seleccionados en el territorio del AMM focalizados en los departamentos de Maipú y Luján de Cuyo.
DEL RECURSO ATRACTIVO A LA EXPERIENCIA TURÍSTICA
Authors: Font Aranda Mabel , Abreu García Cristobal Alexei
Published: March 2021

El trabajo tiene como objetivo discernir conceptos vinculados a la actividad turística como son recursos / atractivos, productos, ofertas y experiencias turísticas, cuyos conocimientos son importantes para el desarrollo de los procesos de gestión. Se destaca, la necesidad de transitar en la práctica, hacia una vivencia inolvidable de los excursionistas y turistas; que condicione el regreso al disfrute, una y otra vez de la experiencia vivida. La diferenciación de estos conceptos, antes de iniciar la gestión, garantiza una configuración adecuada de los procesos y actividades en el itinerario del consumo del turista. La construcción del trabajo es realizada principalmente, mediante contraste de opiniones vertidas por diferentes autores, a través del empleo de métodos como revisión bibliográfica, analítico sintético y la modelación. La información recabada se compila, organiza y describe en el documento. Concluyendo que, si bien, los recursos atractivos son la materia prima de la actividad turística, alrededor de los cuales se configura el producto y la oferta; los cambios de paradigmas exigen hoy, el diseño de experiencias donde la inserción del visitante en las actividades, requiera el uso de todos los sentidos para que convierta la estancia en memorable.
Program for Studying Intergenerational Transmissions in Infant Mortality Using the Intermediate Data Structure (IDS)
Authors: Quaranta Luciana
Published: March 2021

Studies conducted in historical populations and developing countries have evidenced the existence of clustering in infant deaths, which could be related to genetic inheritance and/or to social and cultural factors such as education, socioeconomic status or parental care. A transmission of death clustering has also been found across generations. One way of expanding the knowledge on intergenerational transfers in infant mortality is by conducting comparable studies across different populations. The Intermediate Data Structure (IDS) was developed as a strategy aimed at simplifying the collecting, storing and sharing of historical demographic data. The current work presents two programs that were developed in STATA to construct a dataset for analysis and run statistical models to study intergenerational transfers in infant mortality using databases that are stored in the IDS. The programs use information stored in the IDS tables and after elaborating such information produce Excel files with results. They can be used with any longitudinal database constructed from church books, civil registers, or population registers.
Interdisciplinary Approach to Spationtemporal Population Dynamics. The North Orkney Population History Project
Authors: Jennings Julia A. , Sparks Corey S. , Murtha Timothy
Published: March 2021

The North Orkney Population History Project is a multidisciplinary data collection, digitization, and analysis effort that aims to reconstruct longitudinal demographic, environmental, and economic change. We describe the motivation, methodological approach, data sources, and some initial findings of the project. Detailed contextual information about a single community allows for the joint analysis of the changing population and changing landscape. The combination of diverse data sources and disciplinary approaches has resulted in findings that would not have been possible if each source had been considered in isolation. The approach adopted by the project offers a way to examine the interaction of a population with its landscape over a period of change.
An Overview of the Theoretical Perspectives on Higher Education Financing (Implications for Educational Administration in Nigeria)
Authors:   Gombe State University, Department of Educational Foundations P.M.B 0127, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria, Yauta Sani Ahmed
Published: March 2021

The paper reviewed some theories that explain higher education financing. Some aspect of these theories is compared in terms of the theoretical perspective on financing higher education. The historical viewpoint and the tenant of the theories give an insight and possible solution to higher education financing. The purpose of the paper is to illuminate an important policy issues on financing higher education the world over and to contribute to the general debate on the contribution of theories in explaining the main issue of financing higher education.
Hubungan Pendidikan dan Pekerjaan Orang Tua dengan Pertumbuhan Balita di Desa Ingin Jaya Kecamatan Rantau Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang
Authors: Ayunin Syahida
Published: March 2021

Di Negara-negara ekonomi maju dan berkembang, tumbuh kembang balita (1-5 tahun) menjadi prioritas utama untuk diawasi karena balita akan mengalami masa keemasan. Pengawasan dan perhatian dari orang tua sangat menentukan tumbuh kembang balita. Sempurna tidaknya tumbuh kembang anak sangat ditentukan oleh peranan orang tua. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh oleh peneliti di Desa Ingin Jaya dengan jumlah balita sebanyak 142 orang dengan tumbuh kembang tidak normal sebanyak 36 orang. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan karakteristik orang tua dengan tumbuh kembang balita di Desa Ingin Jaya Kecamatan Rantau Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu semua orang tua yang memiliki anak balita yang berumur 1 – 5  yang berjumlah 142 orang dan jumlah sampel sebesar 33 orang dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian terdapat hubungan antara pendidikan dan pekerjaan dengan pertumbuhan balita dengan pendidikan didapat p value (0,001) dan pekerjaan didapat p value (0,005). Kesimpulan ada hubungan pendidikan dan pekerjaan orang tua dengan pertumbuhan balita di Desa Ingin Jaya Kecamatan Rantau Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang.
Hubungan Sanitasi Fisik Rumah dan Kebiasaan Merokok dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) di Desa Alue Ie Mirah Kecamatan Pante Bidari Kabupaten Aceh Timur Tahun 2019
Authors: Risnati Malinda  , Khairil Fauzan K
Published: March 2021

ISPA adalah penyakit saluran pernafasan akut yang meliputi saluran pernafasan bagian atas seperti rhinitis, fharingitis, dan otitis serta saluran pernafasan bagian bawah seperti laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, dan pneumonia yang dapat berlangsung selama 14 hari. Batas waktu 14 hari diambil untuk menentukan batas akut dari penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan sanitasi fisik rumah yang meliputi ventilasi rumah, lantai, dinding serta atap rumah dan kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian ISPA. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian survei analitik dengan desain yang digunakan adalah rancangan case control dimana 27 responden berusia  > 20 tahun sebagai kasus dan 27 responden berusia > 20 tahun sebagai kontrol dengan total sampel sebanyak 54 responden. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik Chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara sanitasi fisik rumah dengan kejadian ISPA di Desa Alue Ie Mirah Kecamatan Pante Bidari Kabupaten Aceh Timur (P value = 0.000), sedangkan tidak ada hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian ISPA di Desa Alue Ie Mirah Kecamatan Pante Bidari Kabupaten Aceh Timur (P value = 1.000).
Mangrove in Ecuador: Conservation and Management Strategies
Authors: López-Rodríguez Fausto
Published: March 2021

In Ecuador, 100% of the mangroves are protected through different mechanisms: protected areas, community mangrove concessions, and protective forests. However, there is still deforestation of the mangroves, even in protected areas, which is caused mainly by the construction/expansion of shrimp pools. Shrimp is currently Ecuador’s first non-oil export product. The Sustainable Use and Mangrove Custody Agreements are very important because they cover an area almost similar to that of protected areas. This mechanism is effective because it allows the sustainable extraction of resources from the mangrove, but forces the “custodians” to protect this ecosystem. This chapter includes a case study on the management of the “mangrove concessions” of the province of El Oro, southern Ecuador, in which the management effectiveness of these areas is analyzed. We found that despite the limited resources that these mangrove concessions have, the level of management is “satisfactory”, which means that most of the management objectives are met. However, these areas should receive more support, both from the state and private organizations, as they conserve more than 40% of Ecuador’s mangrove.
Noise Induced Hearing Loss: A Case Study from a Speech-Language Pathologist’s Perspective
Authors: Brice Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Hearing loss is very common in the United States and the most widespread disability in the U.S. Hearing loss is the third most chronic health condition in the U.S. Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) results from damaging external noise. This injury leads to temporarily or permanently affecting sensitive inner ear structures (e.g., cochlea, organ of Corti, and hair cells). NIHL can result from a single high-level noise exposure or repeated exposures to excessively loud noises [i.e., typically 85 dBA or greater, (A weighted decibel)]. Damage to the inner ear can also result from aging (i.e., presbycusis). This case study documents the hearing loss of an otherwise healthy 21-year-old, male individual and his progressive moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss over a period of 41 years. His history will be reported along with his perspective as a speech-language pathologist and speech scientist. The individual with hearing loss has adapted to wearing hearing aids over the last five years. Issues that have occurred affecting comprehension along with compensatory strategies that assisted listening and comprehension will be discussed.
Artificial Intelligence in Education
Authors: Flogie Andrej , Aberšek Boris
Published: March 2021

Information technology, through networking, knowledge-based systems and artificial intelligence, interactive multimedia, and other technologies, plays an increasingly important role, which will even increase in the future, in the way that education is taught and delivered to the student. For this reason, we decided to present some ideas for such learning-training environments in education in this chapter. Like many researchers in other countries, we are also developing a user-friendly general system, designed particularly for solving problems. It is based on experience-based intelligent tutoring systems, and intended primarily for executing better lessons and for students’ self-learning. Like all powerful tools, experience-based AI design approaches must be applied carefully. Without a carefully designed experience and extensive testing, these systems could easily result in unwanted outcomes (such as negative training or increased phobia anxiety). Despite the promise of the early efforts, the best approaches to designing these experiences are still topics of research and debate. Any technology as powerful as AI provokes many general social and ethical questions in all of us. Does AI make killing by remote control too consequence-free? Do AI models systematize existing biases? What will AI do when it enters education? We will try to provide an answer to this question in the following chapter.
Disminución de la ansiedad en las víctimas del bullying durante el confinamiento por el COVID-19
Authors: Gómez León María Isabel
Published: March 2021

Los factores estresantes asociados a la pandemia por el COVID 19 han tenido importantes consecuencias en la salud mental de muchos adolescentes, sin embargo, es posible que este confinamiento junto con los medios digitales disponibles para el aprendizaje y la interacción social hayan supuesto un alivio para aquellos que eran víctimas de bullying. En esta investigación se comparan las puntuaciones que han obtenido 276 adolescentes (94 víctimas de bullying y 182 no víctimas) de entre 12 y 14 años, en ansiedad, depresión, rendimiento académico y ciberbullying antes y después del confinamiento. Antes del confinamiento las víctimas obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente mayores en ansiedad, depresión y ciberbullying y menores en rendimiento académico. Durante el confinamiento las diferencias en ansiedad se invirtieron, siendo significativamente menores en el caso de las víctimas de bullying, quienes, además, obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente menores en depresión y en ciberbullying que antes de la pandemia. Sin embargo, el rendimiento académico descendió significativamente en el grupo no-víctimas mientras que no se apreciaron cambios significativos en las puntuaciones de ciberbullying.

The stressors associated with the pandemic by COVID 19 have had important consequences on the mental health of many adolescents, however, it is possible that this confinement along with the digital media available for learning and social interaction have provided relief for those who were victims of bullying.. This research compares the scores obtained by 76 adolescents (94 victims of bullying and 182 not victims) between 12 and 14 years old, in anxiety, depression, academic performance and cyberbullying before and after confinement. Before confinement, the victims obtained significantly higher scores in anxiety, depression and cyberbullying and lower scores in academic performance. During confinement, the differences in anxiety were reversed, being significantly lower in the case of victims of bullying, who also obtained significantly lower scores in depression and cyberbullying than before confinement. However, academic performance decreased significantly in the non-victim group, while no significant changes in cyberbullying scores were observed.
СОЧЕТАНИЯ ТРАДИЦИОННЫХ И ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ МЕТОДОВ В ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ ФИЛОСОФСКИХ ДИСЦИПЛИН
Authors:   Ивановский государственный энергетический университет, Ерофеева Ксения Леонидовна
Published: March 2021

В статье ставится проблема оптимального сочетания инновационных и традиционных форм преподавания философских дисциплин в техническом вузе. Утверждается необходимость использования тех форм преподавания, которые пробуждают мыслительные и творческие способности. Констатируется опасность злоупотребления визуальными формами подачи материала и необходимость вербальных форм, способствующих развитию абстрактного мышления. Приводятся некоторые инновационные методические приемы, ко- торые успешно прошли практическую апробацию в процессе преподавания кур- сов философии, культурологии, философии науки и техники. Подчеркивается, что закон естественной искусственности человека, который сформулировал Хельмут Плеснер, действует и в сфере гуманитарного образования. Однако технические средства должны применяться в этой сфере лишь для достижения главной цели — формирования человеческой личности
ИГРЫ, В КОТОРЫЕ ИГРАЮТ КУЛЬТУРЫ
Authors:   Ивановский государственный университет, Козлов Павел Александрович
Published: March 2021

В статье автором дается определение игры как семиотической системы, рассматриваются компоненты игры, осмысливается понятие «культура», «культурный ареал» и выделяются специфические черты игры культур. Итогом проведенного рассмотрения взаимодействия культур, культурных зон (ареалов), по мнению автора, является предложение использования механизма игры как формы упорядочивания бытия
ТЕАТРАЛЬНЫЙ ТЕКСТ В РУССКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ ПЕРВОЙ ТРЕТИ XIX ВЕКА
Authors:   Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет, Миловзорова Мария Алексеевна
Published: March 2021

В статье осмыслена современная методология изучения театрального процесса, опирающаяся на теоретические концепты «театральный текст», «театральный дискурс», театральная коммуникация и др. На конкретном материале показана эффективность использования актуального методологического инструментария для анализа исторического театрального процесса
Comparative analysis of complete plastid genomes from Lilium lankongense Franchet and its closely related species and screening of Lilium-specific primers
Authors: Su Danmei , Xie Fumin , Liu Haiying , Xie Dengfeng , Li Juan , He Xingjin , Guo Xianlin , Zhou Songdong
Published: March 2021

Lilium lankongense Franchet is a lily species found on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is pink with deep red spots, has a high ornamental value, and is used in hybrid breeding of horticultural lily varieties. We have insufficient knowledge of the genetic resources of L. lankongense and its phylogenetic relationships with related species. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have shown a very close phylogenetic relationship between L. lankongense and the five species L. duchartrei, L. stewartianum, L. matangense, L. lophophorum, and L. nanum. However, molecular markers still lack sufficient signals for population-level research of the genus Lilium. We sequenced and compared the complete plastid sequences of L. lankongense and its five related species. The genomes ranged from 152,307 bp to 152,611 bp. There was a slight inconsistency detected in inverted repeat and single copy boundaries and there were 53 to 63 simple sequence repeats in the six species. Two of the 12 highly variable regions (trnC-petN and rpl32-trnL) were verified in 11 individuals and are promising for population-level studies. We used the complete sequence of 33 plastid genomes, the protein-coding region sequence, and the nuclear ITS sequence to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree of Lilium species. Our results showed that the plastid gene tree and nuclear gene tree were not completely congruent, which may be caused by hybridization, insufficient information contained in the nuclear ITS, or the small number of samples. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on plastid genomes indicated that the six Lilium species were closely related. Our study provides a preliminarily rebuilt backbone phylogeny that is significant for future molecular and morphological studies of Lilium.
Effectiveness of Dexmedetomidine vs Ketamine in Paediatric Patients Undergoing MRI
Authors: Paul Debashish , Kaur Kaminder Bir , Ray Arijit , Jaiswal Alok , Kate Shreyas , Bhengra Anshu Mala
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is not painful, but frightening especially in children leading to movement and artefacts causing prolongation of the procedure. Though analgesia is not required, but being a noisy suite, deep sedation is a prerequisite for it. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) and Ketamine both anaesthetic drugs can achieve the sedation in the children but never had been compared. Aim: To compare the effect of DEX and Ketamine in paediatric patients undergoing MRI under sedation. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out from August 2017 to July 2018 included 74 patients. All patients were separated into Group K for Ketamine (loading dose of 1 mg/kg, intravenous over 10 min followed by infusion of 10-15 mcg/kg/min) and Group D for DEX (loading dose of 1 mcg/kg over 10 min followed by infusion of DEX at 0.2-0.7 mcg/kg/h). Ramsay sedation score of five was considered as onset of sedation. Midazolam 0.1 mg/kg IV was decided as rescue sedation. Unpaired t-test was applied for the continuous variables. Results: Sixty-one patients were analysed, 31 in Group K, and 30 in Group D. The onset time for sedation in Group K was 6.30±1.32 minutes and 12.20±SD=2.01 minutes in Group D which was significantly shorter in Group K (p=0.001). However, the time to Modified Aldrete Score of 10/10 was higher in Group K (21.10±1.84 minutes) vs (13.73±1.89 minutes) in Group D which is statistically significant. (Mean±SD; p=0.001). No adverse events were reported in both the groups. Conclusion: Ketamine and DEX can both be used for MRI sedation in children successfully without any adverse effects. The onset of sedation is faster in Ketamine, but discharge and recovery are significantly delayed with Ketamine as compared
Effect of Public Debt on Public Investment in Nigeria: 1985-2018
Authors: Origin Chukwu, Kenechukwu , Nneka Ogbonnaya-Udo, , Ubah Chimarume Blessing
Published: March 2021

This study examined the effect of Nigeria public debt on public investment from 1985-2018. Data for the analysis was obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical bulletin and the study chooses Nigeria as its sample. ARDL Auto-regressive Distributed lag models was used to test the effect of the independent variables (Public Debt, Budget Deficit, Debt Servicing, Public Debt to GDP Ratio) on the dependent variable (Public Investment). The cointegration test found the existence of long-run relationship among the investigated variables. The short run result shows that public debt has insignificant effect on public investment in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends among others that Federal government should be fiscal responsible by channeling borrowed funds to investments that will bring growth in the economy. Government should tackle waste and corruption by making sure that funds borrowed and allocated for investment should be transparently and judiciously utilized in the provision of infrastructure. Debts should be taken only when necessary and should be for investment and not for payment of salaries.
Assessment of Soil Fertility Attributes in Selected Districts of Bundelkhand Region of Central India
Authors: Prasad Mahendra , Mahawer Sonu Kumar , Govindasamy Prabhu , Kumar Sunil
Published: March 2021

An observational study was carried out to assess the soil fertility attributes of three districts (i.e. Jhansi, Datia and Tikamgarh) of the Bundelkhand region of central India. Soil samples were collected randomly from 0-15 cm soil depth using a soil auger with a diameter of 5 cm and followed the standard protocols for assessing the soil fertility attributes. A total number of samples were 58 (randomly selected sites). The soil reaction was neutral to strongly alkaline (pH 7.28-9.71) in nature.  The electrical conductivity (EC) values were low (0.01- 0.89 dS m-1) indicating that of no harmful effect on crop growth. Most of the soils were found under low category of soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The available potassium (K) and sulphur (S) were found in the range between 68.32 to 781.76 kg ha-1 and 7.97 to 273.24 kg ha-1, respectively. With respect to DTPA extractable micronutrients i.e. copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were in sufficient range but boron (B), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were in low category. Based on the Soil Nutrient Index (SNI), the soils of the study area were found in low fertility status for N and P and medium in SOC and K. The SNI for S was ranging from medium to high fertility category. Thus, SOC, N, P, K, B, Fe and Mn were the key soil fertility constraints in the Jhansi, Datia and Tikamgarh districts of the Bundelkhand region. The balanced use of chemical fertilizers and micronutrients (B, Fe and Mn) based on the soil test results along with the combination of bio-fertilizers and organic manures as an integrated nutrient management (INM) approach could greatly help in maintaining the soil fertility and sustainable crop production in Bundelkhand region of central India.
A novel kind of multi‐copper protein as terminal oxidoreductase of nitrous oxide respiration in Pseudomonas perfectomarinus
Authors: Zumft Walter G. , Matsubara Teruo
Published: July 2002

The terminal oxidoreductase of nitrous oxide respiration in the marine, denitrifying bacterium, Pseudomonas perfectomarinus, was identified as multi‐copper protein and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzyme reduced N2O to N2 with hydrogen, clostridial hydrogenase, and methyl viologen as electron‐donating system. The copper content of the reductase corresponded to ∼ 8 copper atoms/120 000 M
r. The subunit structure was dimeric with two peptides of equal size. Manganese, iron and zinc were absent, or were not found in stoichiometric amounts. The oxidized chromophore had absorption maxima at 350, 480, 530, 620 and 780 nm; addition of dithionite produced a blue protein form with maxima at 470, 635 and 740 nm. Both forms of the enzyme were paramagnetic. The same copper protein was also isolated from Pseudomonas stutzeri.
Isolation and characterization of cholecystokinin‐58 (CCK‐58) from porcine brain
Authors: Tatemoto Kazuhiko , Jörnvall Hans , Siimesmaa Sirkka , Halldén Gunnel , Mutt Viktor
Published: July 2002

Brain peptide
Gut peptide
Brain CCK
CCK‐58
Amino acid sequence
C‐terminal amide
In vivo catabolism of human low density lipoprotein in the rat is mediated by a nonsaturable, low‐affinity mechanism
Authors: van 't Hooft F.M. , van Tol A.
Published: July 2002

Low density lipoprotein
4‐Aminopyrazolo‐(3,4‐d)pyrimidine
Catabolic site
LDL receptor
B/E receptor
O‐(4‐Diazo‐3‐[125I]iodobenzoyl)sucrose
Cyclooxygenase‐catalyzed formation of 9‐hydroxylinoleic acid by guinea pig alveolar macrophages under non‐stimulated conditions
Authors: Engels F. , Willems H. , Nijkamp F.P.
Published: July 2002

Data are presented on the formation of a linoleic acid oxygenation product under basal conditions by guinea pig alveolar macrophages (AM). Under non‐stimulated conditions 20 × 106 AM released about 1 nmol 9‐hydroxylinoleic acid (9‐HODE) during a 15 min incubation. Furthermore, AM released more than 2 nmol 12‐hydroxy‐5,8,10‐heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT), a byproduct of the formation of thromboxane A2. 9‐HODE and HHT were the most prominent products formed under the incubation conditions used. These products were formed via a Cyclooxygenase‐catalyzed reaction, since their formation was inhibited by 1 μM indomethacin. Thus, under basal conditions AM possess substantial cyclooxygenase activity. The biological significance of 9‐HODE and related substances is discussed.
Tumor necrosis factor inhibits collagen and fibronectin synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Mauviel A. , Daireaux M. , Rédini F. , Galera P. , Loyau G. , Pujoi J.-P.
Published: July 2002

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) caused inhibition of collagen production by confluent cultures of human dermal fibroblasts in a dose‐dependent manner. Concomitant increase of prostaglandin E2 release was observed as a result of TNF‐induced cell activation. However, a blockade of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism by indomethacin did not abrogate the inhibitory effect of TNF on collagen synthesis, suggesting that this effect could be independent of prostaglandin metabolism. Gel electrophoresis of the newly synthesized macromolecules from the culture media showed that both type I and type III collagens as well as fibronectin were affected by the inhibition. Electrophoresis of cell layer‐associated proteins demonstrated that the reduction in amounts of collagen and fibronectin in the medium did not result from an intracellular accumulation of these macromolecules. Production of procollagens was reduced in parallel to that of collagens, suggesting that the effect of TNF is exerted before the processing steps of procollagens. These results clearly show that TNF could play a role in modulation of matrix deposition by fibroblasts during inflammatory processes.
Flagellin parts acquiring a regular structure during polymerization are disposed on the molecule ends
Authors: Kostyukova A.S. , Pyatibratov M.G. , Filimonov V.V. , Fedorov O.V.
Published: July 2002

Flagellins of two Escherichia coli strains have been investigated by limited proteolysis and scanning microcalorimetry. It has been shown that a monomer flagellin consists of two parts: a central one cooperatively melting, rather resistant to proteases, and the other without a stable tertiary structure and thus easily degrading terminals. Just these terminals acquire a regular structure during polymerization. Core fragments of the two strains have been isolated and characterized.
Differential binding of IL‐ 1α and IL‐ 1β to receptors on B and T cells
Authors: Scapigliati G. , Ghiara P. , Bartalini M. , Tagliabue A. , Boraschi D.
Published: July 2002

The interleukin 1 receptors (IL‐1R) on the human B lymphoma RAJI and on the murine thymoma EL4‐6.1 have been characterized. Equilibrium binding analysis using both 125I‐labeled IL‐1α and IL‐1β showed that RAJI cells have a higher number of binding sites/cell for IL‐1β (2400, K
d 2.2 nM) than for IL‐1α (316, K
d 0.13 nM). On the other hand, EL4‐6.1 cells have more receptors/cell for IL‐1α (22 656, K
d 1 nM) than for IL‐1β (2988, K
d 0.36 nM). Dexamethasone (DXM) induced on RAJI cells a time‐dependent increase in binding sites for both IL‐1β and IL‐1α without affecting their binding affinities. However, while receptor‐bound 125I‐IL‐1α was displaced with equal efficiency by both IL‐1 forms, only unlabeled IL‐1β could effectively displace 125I‐IL‐1β. Cross‐linking experiments indicated that RAJI cells have a predominant IL‐1R of about 68 kDa, while EL4‐6.1 cells have an IL‐1‐binding polypeptide of 80 kDa. These results suggest that B and T cells possess structurally different IL‐1R with distinct binding properties for IL‐1α and IL‐1β.
Mutational analysis of two conserved sequence motifs in HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase
Authors: Lowe Denise M. , Parmar Vanita , Kemp Sharon D. , Larder Brendan A.
Published: July 2002

Two conserved sequence motifs, occurring in HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase at residues 110–116 and 183–190, have been studied using site‐directed mutagenesis of the cloned gene. In particular, aspariates at positions 185 and 186 have each been mutated to either asparagine or glutamate. The resulting mutant proteins were catalytically inactive but still able to bind the template‐primer complex, poly rA‐oligo dT. Other mutations in these regions results in reduced reverse transcriptase activity but the mutation of tyrosine‐183 to serine caused a significant increase in the Km
for dTTP and the Km
for inhibition by 3′‐azi‐Jothymidine‐triphosphate, 2′3′‐dideoxythymidine‐triphosphate and phosphonoformic acid.
Interleukin‐6 and α‐2‐macroglobulin indicate an acute‐phase state in Alzheimer's disease cortices
Authors: Bauer Joachim , Strauss Sylvia , Schreiter-Gasser Ursula , Ganter Ursula , Schlegel Petra , Witt Irene , Yolk Benedikt , Berger Mathias
Published: July 2002

Recent studies indicated that the formation of a major constituent of Alzheimer's disease (AD) senile plaques, called βA4‐peptide, does not result from normal processing of its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP). Since proteolytic cleavage of APP inside its βA4 sequence was found to be part of APP processing the formation of the βA4‐peptide seems to be prevented under normal conditions. We considered whether in AD one of the endogenous proteinase inhibitors might interfere with APP processing. After we had recently found that cultured human neuronal cells synthesize the most potent of the known human proteinase inhibitors, α‐2‐macroglobulin (α2M), upon stimulation with the inflammatory mediator interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) we now investigated whether α2M and IL‐6 could be detected in AD brains. Here we report that AD cortical senile plaques display strong α2M and IL‐6 immunoreactivity while no such immunoreactivity was found in age‐matched control brains. Strong perinuclear α2M immunoreactivity in hippocampal CAI neurons of Alzheimer's disease brains indicates that neuronal cells are the site of α2M synthesis in AD brains. We did not detect elevated IL‐6 or α2M levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients. Our data indicate that a sequence of immunological events which seem to be restricted to the local cortical environment is part of AD pathology.
Pseudouridine in the large‐subunit (23 S‐like) ribosomal RNA The site of peptidyl transfer in the ribosome?
Authors: Lane Byron G. , Ofengand James , Gray Michael W.
Published: July 2002

On evolutionary grounds, it has been advocated for more than 40 years that RNA generally, and more recently rRNA in particular, may participate, catalytically, in protein biosynthesis. A specific molecular mechanism has never been proposed. We suggest here that the N‐1 position(s) in one or more of the ∼4 pseudouridine (Ψ) residues in E. coli 23 S rRNA catalyzes transfer of the aminoacyl moiety from the 3′‐terminus of peptidyl tRNA in the P site to aminoacyl tRNA in the A site of the ribosome. Evidence that supports the proposal in the case of E. coli ribosomes, and relevant information pertaining to eukaryotic ribosomes, is summarized. Essential features of the evidence are that (i) the N‐1 position in 1‐acetylthymine (a direct analogue of 1‐acetylpseudouridine) has an especially high potential for acyl‐group transfer, Comparable to that found for N‐acetylimidazole (Spector, L.B. and Keller, E.B. (1958) J. Biol. Chem. 232, 185–192). (ii) most of the Ψ residues in prokaryotic 23 S rRNA are confined to the peptidyl transferase center in E. coli ribosomes, and (iii) Um‐Gm‐Ψ, the most densely modified sequence in eukaryotic 26 S rRNA, is universally conserved at a fixed site in the putative peptidyl transferase center of all eukaryotic ribosomes.
Bioluminescence of the Ca2+‐binding photoprotein, aequorin, after histidine modification
Authors: Ohmiya Yoshihiro , Tsuji Frederick I.
Published: July 2002

Modification studies of the 5 histidine residues in aequorin employing site‐directed mutagenesis and diethyl pyrocarbonate suggested that His169 may be the site of binding of molecular oxygen in aequorin. The modification of this residue led to complete loss of activity, whereas modification of the remaining 4 histidine residues yielded mutant aequorins with varying bioluminescence activities.
Bifunctional role of the bc1 complex in plants Mitochondrial bc1 complex catalyses both electron transport and protein processing
Authors: Glaser Elzbieta , Eriksson AnnaCarin , Sjöling Sara
Published: July 2002

Nuclear encoded mitochondrial precursor proteins are cleaved to mature size products by the general mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP). In contrast to non‐plant sources where MPP is a matrix enzyme, the plant mitochondrial MPP is localised in the inner membrane and constitutes an integral part of the bc1 complex of the respiratory chain. Core proteins of the complex are immunologically related and show high sequence similarity to the MPP subunits from non‐plant sources. The bc1 complex in plants is thus bifunctional, being involved both in respiration and in protein processing.
ATP synthesis catalyzed by the mitochondrial F1‐F0 ATP synthase is not a reversal of its ATPase activity
Authors: Syroeshkin A.V. , Vasilyeva E.A. , Vinogradov A.D.
Published: July 2002

The ADP(Mg2+)‐deactivated oligomycin‐sensitive F1‐F0 ATPase of coupled submitochondrial particles treated with the substoichiometric amount of oligomycin was studied to test whether ATP synthesis and hydrolysis proceed in either direction through the same intermediates. The initial rates of ATP hydrolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, ATP‐dependent, succinate‐supported NAD+ reduction, and ATP‐induced generation were measured using deactivated ATPase trapped by azide [Biochem. J. (1982) 202, 15–23]. Three ATP consuming reactions were strongly inhibited when azide was present in the assay mixtures, whereas ATP synthesis was not altered by azide. The unidirectional effect of azide is not consistent with three alternating binding sites mechanism operating in ATP synthesis and support our hypothesis on the existence of nucleotide(Mg2+)‐controlled ‘synthase’ and ‘hydrolase’ states of the mitochondrial F1‐F0 ATPase.
Magnetic field exposure enhances DNA repair through the induction of DnaK/J synthesis
Authors: Chow King-Chuen , Tung Wai Lin
Published: July 2002

In contrast to the common impression that exposure to a magnetic field of low frequency causes mutations to organisms, we have demonstrated that a magnetic field can actually enhance the efficiency of DNA repair. Using Escherichia coli strain XL‐1 Blue as the host and plasmid pUC8 that had been mutagenized by hydroxylamine as the vector for assessment, we found that bacterial transformants that had been exposed to a magnetic field of 50 Hz gave lower percentages of white colonies as compared to transformants that had not been exposed to the magnetic field. This result was indicative that the efficiency of DNA repair had been improved. The improvement was found to be mediated by the induced overproduction of heat shock proteins DnaK/J (Hsp70/40).