bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Directed Expected Utility Networks
Authors: Leonelli Manuele , Smith Jim Q.
Published: May 2017

A variety of statistical graphical models have been defined to represent the conditional independences underlying a random vector of interest. Similarly, many different graphs embedding various types of preferential independences, such as, for example, conditional utility independence and generalized additive independence, have more recently started to appear. In this paper, we define a new graphical model, called a directed expected utility network, whose edges depict both probabilistic and utility conditional independences. These embed a very flexible class of utility models, much larger than those usually conceived in standard influence diagrams. Our graphical representation and various transformations of the original graph into a tree structure are then used to guide fast routines for the computation of a decision problem’s expected utilities. We show that our routines generalize those usually utilized in standard influence diagrams’ evaluations under much more restrictive conditions. We then proceed with the construction of a directed expected utility network to support decision makers in the domain of household food security.
Explaining Momentum and Value Simultaneously
Authors: Li Jun
Published: May 2017

This paper proposes a unified risk-based explanation for momentum profits and the value premium in a neoclassical investment-based model. Winner firms have higher short-term productivity and hence more negative exposures to the price of investment goods than loser firms as a result of greater investment plans. Value firms have lower long-term productivity and higher operating leverage and hence higher sensitivities to neutral productivity shocks than growth firms. The model reproduces the coexistence of momentum profits and the value premium, the failure of the unconditional capital asset pricing model, the predictability of momentum profits by market states, and the long-term reversal of momentum profits. Empirical tests confirm a negative price of risk for the shock to the relative price of investment goods.

This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
On the Width of Semialgebraic Proofs and Algorithms
Authors: Razborov Alexander
Published: May 2017

In this paper we study width of semialgebraic proof systems and various cut-based procedures in integer programming. We focus on two important systems: Gomory-Chvátal cutting planes and Lovász-Schrijver lift-and-project procedures. We develop general methods for proving width lower bounds and apply them to random k-CNFs and several popular combinatorial principles, like the perfect matching principle and Tseitin tautologies. We also show how to apply our methods to various combinatorial optimization problems. We establish a “supercritical” trade-off between width and rank, that is we give an example in which small width proofs are possible but require exponentially many rounds to perform them.
Implementing infection prevention requirements
Authors: Ward Deborah
Published: May 2017

This article provides an overview of three different guidelines for implementing infection prevention and control measures. It highlights what staff working in healthcare management need to do to support their staff and organisations to meet national requirements.
Can mental health clusters be replaced by patient typing?
Authors: Dye Stephen
Published: May 2017

Introduction:

Psychiatric intensive care units (PICUs) are well defined, but there is poor clarity surrounding the types of patient treated. Clustering as a way of describing need is standard. Clinical patient typing has been suggested as an alternative but without examination of usefulness. This paper compares mental health clustering with clinical patient typing within a PICU.

Methods:

Following development of a clinical patient typing measurement, length of stay of 100 consecutive transfers from a PICU were measured. Similarities between clinical typing and clustering were assessed graphically and by McNemar's test for marginal homogeneity. Length of admission and transfer delay were analysed using ANOVA and Fisher's least significant difference method.

Results:

There was no evidence of a consistent relationship between clustering and patient typing. There were significant differences between different patient types in length of stay, transfer delay and facilities to which patients were transferred. There was no difference when patients were separated by clusters.

Conclusions and implications for clinical practice:

Clinical patient typing outlines different groups of patients managed within a PICU better than established methods of clustering. It should be taken into consideration as a method to clinically assess patient need.
Developing, implementing and sustaining an end-of-life care programme in residential care homes
Authors: Kinley Julie , Stone Louisa , Butt Anna , Kenyon Barbara , Lopes Nuno Santos
Published: May 2017

Background:

In the UK 15.8% of people aged 85 years and over live in a care home or long-stay hospital setting. With the projection of an ageing population it is realistic to expect that the number of people both living and dying in all care homes will increase. This article describes the implementation of an end-of-life care programme to empower staff to meet their resident's end-of-life care needs.

Methods:

To implement an end-of-life care programme, namely the ‘Steps to Success’ programme, in residential care homes. Measurable outcomes were collected through audit.

Results:

Over four years audit of all deceased residents' records in the participating homes was collected. This shows an increase of home deaths in 2011/12 to 2014/15 from 44% (n=8/18) within four residential care homes to 64% (n=74/115) in 23 residential care homes with corresponding increase in advance care plan discussions and completion of ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ forms.

Conclusion:

Achieving change is any organisation let alone sustaining such change is not easy. Six factors enabled this to occur and these should be considered when implementing other such initiatives in residential care homes.
Palliative care nurses' spiritual caring interventions: a conceptual understanding
Authors: Ronaldson Susan , Hayes Lillian , Aggar Christina , Green Jennifer , Carey Michele
Published: May 2017

Aims:

To investigate spiritual caring by palliative care nurses and to describe their interventions.

Background:

Spirituality and spiritual caring are recognised as integral components of holistic nursing.

Design:

Qualitative data captured on a questionnaire were analysed thematically ( Braun and Clarke, 2006 ).

Methods:

The study involved forty-two palliative care registered nurses working across seven palliative care services in Sydney, Australia. The research question was: ‘What spiritual caring interventions do palliative care nurses use in their practice?’ Nurses completed an open-ended questionnaire to identify and interpret their spiritual caring.

Findings:

Three sub-theme categories and four major concepts of spiritual caring. Categories identified are: humanistic, pragmatic and religious interventions; while concepts of spiritual caring are: ‘being with’, ‘listening to’, ‘facilitation of’ and ‘engaging in’.

Conclusion:

A conceptual understanding of spiritual caring was identified.
Synthesising knowledge for physiotherapy practice. Key steps towards review methodology
Authors: Beenen Paul , Castro-Caldas Alexandre
Published: May 2017

Background:

One of the consequences of rethinking evidence-based practice in physiotherapy is acknowledging the complexity and the different kinds of knowledge used in the decision-making of physiotherapists. This has profound consequences for the kinds of knowledge that should be researched and synthesised in order to inform practice.

Methods:

A critical review of review methodology was carried out and results were interpreted using narrative synthesis.

Findings:

This article focuses on how to generalise (synthesise) different kinds of knowledge with the available review methodology in order to adequately inform physiotherapy practice. It does so by suggesting a set of key steps and offering a brief overview of review methodology.

Conclusions:

More awareness and use of the diversity in review methodology in physiotherapy can improve theory building and inform practice better. Reviewers could increase the impact of their studies by focusing more on the external validity of methods and results. The article finishes with recommendations for improving the critical use of different review methodologies for physiotherapy practice.
A positive moral climate
Authors: Bawden Matt
Published: May 2017

Does your school and your teaching still maintain its moral dimension – or has this lost out to competing pressures? Matt Bawden reflects on teaching in a ‘positive moral climate’
Support staff workload
Authors: Richards Jon
Published: May 2017

Ministers are aware of the workload problems facing support staff but are failing to act, says Jon Richards
Boosting your budgets
Authors: Martin Sara
Published: May 2017

Budget pressures continue to build, with little sign of respite ahead. Sara Martin looks how schools have been creating opportunities in the local community and beyond to stretch and boost their budgets
Getting behaviour right
Authors: Stanley Julian
Published: May 2017

Behaviour management – it's never too late to revise your approach, says Julian Stanley
Teaching wistom
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2017

Dr Stephanie Thornton continues her series on the teaching of traits and skills to our pupils. This time, she considers ‘wisdom’ and whether we can teach the young to be wise
The perfect storm
Authors: Hobby Russell
Published: May 2017

This summer, secondary schools face a ‘perfect storm’ of unsustainable pressures, says Russell Hobby
CPD and staff retention
Authors: Cunningham Maria
Published: May 2017

Developing a school culture that supports and encourages teacher retention is crucial for all good schools. Maria Cunningham draws out elements of effective CPD practice that can inspire your staff and motivate them to stay in the profession
MALDI-TOF masa-espektrometria ezagutzen
Authors: Veloso Antonio
Published: May 2017

Gaur egun, nahiko informazio ageria ematen dute biomolekulak eta materialak karakterizatzeko erabiltzen diren laborategi-teknika analitikoek, baina azaldu ezin diren efektuak edo emaitzak lortzen dira askotan. Horregatik, informazio hau lortzeko, hau da, molekulen mikroegiturak karakterizatzeko edota gertatu diren kutsadurak ezagutzeko ere, gero eta gehiago hedatzen ari da teknika bat, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI/TOF-MS) izenekoa, edo laserraren bidezko desortzio-ionizazio matrizez lagundua/hegaldi-denbora masa-espektrometria teknika. Masa-espektrometria delako karakterizazio teknika hau hainbat alorretara hedatu da, masa molarra jakitea ahalbidetzen duelako inolako zatiketarik gabe eta, aldi berean, ehun edo material baten banaketaren berri ematen duelako Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) edo masa-espektrometriaren bidezko irudia deritzon teknikari esker. Lan honek helburu hartuko du teknika berri honen oinarriak eta aplikazioak azaltzea eta aztertzea.
Bioziden mikrokapsulazioa eta ingurumen-osasuna
Authors: Alonso Rosa María , Alonso Maria Luz , Corral Itziar
Published: May 2017

XXI. mendeko erronken artean, ingurumen-osasunean kalte egin dezaketen arazoei aurre egiteko metodo alternatiboen bilaketa aurkitzen da. Arlo honetan, mikrokapsularatzearen abantaila anitzek arazo horiei aurre egiteko baliozko aukera bat erakusten dute. Abantaila garrantzitsu horien artean aurkitzen dira ingurumenean eta ugaztunetan toxikotasuna murriztea, langileen zein bezeroen manipulazioan segurtasuna hobetzea eta uretan disolbagarritasun baxua duten konposatuen sintesia uretan ahalbidetzea. Horrela, ura disolbatzaile gisa erabiliz, disolbatzaile organiko toxikoen eta garestien erabilpena ekiditen da. Gure ikerkuntza-taldeak intsektuen izurriteen kontroleko amuen parte izango diren produktu mikrokapsularatuak sintetizatu ditu. Mikrokapsularatutako produktu horiek biozida eta bioerakarle naturalak dituzte, ingurumenarentzat zein gizakiarentzat errespetagarriagoa den produktua lortzeko asmoz. Gainera, bioerakarleen erabilpenaren ondorioz, amaierako produktu komertziala selektiboagoa eta eraginkorragoa izango da espezie zehatz batzuen aurka. Mikrokapsularatutako biozidak sinergisten familiako pestizidak dira. Adibide ezagun bat piperonilo butoxidoa da. Biozidek intsektiziden, (piretroideak, nikotinoideak, karbamatoak...), fungiziden (tebukonazola) zein pestiziden gaitasuna areagotzeko gaitasuna dute. Bioerakarle naturalak, berriz, alkoholen eta terpenoen familiako konposatu hegazkorrak dira. Mikrokapsularatze-metodo arinak eta errendimendu estekiometriko altukoak garatu izan dira polimeroekin, gomekin eta karbohidratoekin erabiltzeko, hala nola ihinztadura bidezko lehorketa, gelifikazio ionikoa eta inklusio-konplexuen eraketako mikrokapsularatze-metodoak. Era berean, konposatu aktiboen kontzentrazioak determinatzeko, metodologia analitiko ezberdinak ikertu dira eta buruguneko gas-kromatografia / masa-espektrometria detektoreko (Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, HS-GC/MS) teknika erabiliz giro-tenperaturan eta hezetasunean konposatu hegazkorren askapenaren monitorizazioa ikertu da. Mikrokapsularatze-prozesuan lortutako aurrerapenek mugarri esanguratsu bat adierazten dute ingurumen-osasunean dauden ingurumen-arazoak ebazteko.
Hidrogeno-ekoizpena bio-oilaren erreformatze katalitikoaren bidez
Authors: Remiro Aingeru , Oar-Arteta Lide , Gayubo Ana G.
Published: May 2017

H2-aren eskariaren igoerak, petrokimikako lehengai eta erregai garbi gisa erabiltzeko, petrolioaz bestelako lehengaiak jatorri duten prozesuen garapena bultzatu du. Prozesu horien artean, biomasak arreta berezia bereganatu du haren erabilgarritasunagatik eta berriztagarritasunagatik. Biomasatik H2-a lortzeko zeharkako bideek gero eta jakin-min handiagoa eragin dute, esate baterako, biomasatik eratorritako oxigenatuen bidezko lurrun erreformatzeak. Horien artean, bio-oilak interes handia dauka, beste bideek baino bideragarritasun ekonomiko handiagoa izan baitezake. Izan ere, bio-oilak ekoizpen deslokalizatua izan dezake biomasaren ekoizpen-fokoetan eta ondoren, unitate zentralizatuetara garraia daiteke balioztatzeko. Dena dela, prozesu honetan kontuan hartu beharra dago lignina pirolitikoak sortzen dituen arazoak, zehatzago, erreakzio ekipoan eta katalizatzailean depositatzen den hondakin solidoa bio-oila lurruntzen denean. Arazo hori gainditzeko, beharrezkoa da teknologia eskalagarria. Horretaz gain, katalizatzaile aktibo, selektibo eta iraunkorren garapena funtsezkoa da prozesu honen bideragarritasuna lortzeko. Lan honetan, bibliografian dauden bio-oilaren erreformatzearen estrategia nagusiak aurkezten dira, ikerketa taldearen emaitza originalak nabarmenduz.
Nola eragiten du 2-Interleukinak T-zelulen nukleoko proteinen fosforilazio mailan?
Authors: Osinalde Nerea
Published: May 2017

Immunoterapiaren helburua da gaixoen immunitate-sistema indartuz minbizia bezalako gaitz larriak menderatzea. Horretarako, gaixoak maiz 2-interleukina (IL-2) deitzen den konposatu batekin tratatzen dira, izan ere molekula honek berebiziko ahalmena baitauka T-zelulen edo T linfozitoen hazkuntza sustatzeko. Zoritxarrez, IL-2ren erabilerak albo kalte desatseginak eragiten ditu gaixoetan, eta hauek ekiditeko ezinbestekoa da IL-2k T-zeluletan eragiten dituen molekula mailako aldaketak sakon aztertu eta ulertzea. Zelulen gainazalera heltzen diren seinaleak zelulan barrena garraiatzen dira nagusiki proteinen behin behineko fosforilazioen bidez. Hori horrela, aurreko lan batean, IL-2k T linfozitoetan pizten dituen seinalizazio-bidezidorrak aztertu genituen zelulen zitoplasman fosforilatzen diren proteinak masa espektrometriaren bidez identifikatuz. Oraingo lan honetan berriz, masa espektrometriaren laguntzaz aztertu da IL-2k nola erregulatzen duen T-zelulen nukleoko proteinen fosforilazio maila, izan ere horrek zuzenean eragingo baitu geneen erregulazioan eta horrenbestez baita zelularen patuan ere. Esperimentu bera 3 aldiz errepikatu ostean, gutxienez behin identifikatu eta kuantifikatu dira lan honetan T-zelulen nukleoko proteinetan fosforilatutako 8.521 aminoazido, horietako haietako asko aurrez ezagutugabeak. Bestalde, ikusi da orkorrean berdinantzera mantentzen dela IL-2rekin tratatutako eta tratatu gabeko T-zeluletako fosforilazio maila. Halere, azpimarragarria da IL-2ren ondorioz 391 aminoazidoren fosforilazio maila nabarmen aldatzen dela T-zelulen nukleoetan. Etorkizunean egingo diren ikerkuntzek argituko dute zein den IL-2ren menpeko fosforilazio hauen esanahi biologikoa.
Polioxometalatoak: Elhuyar anaien ametsak bizirik dirau!
Authors: Artetxe Beñat , Reinoso Santiago , Gutiérrez-Zorrilla Juan M.
Published: May 2017

Polioxometalatoak (POMak) kimika ez-organikoaren munduan ezagunak diren metalez eta oxigenoz osatutako kluster anionikoak dira. Azaldu ohi duten forma, konposizio eta propietate aniztasunaren ondorioz, POMek aplikazio ugari dituzte teknologiari, ekonomiari edo ingurugiroari lotutako arlo ezberdinetan. Nahiz eta aspaldidanik aplikazio katalitikoetan erabili, gaur egun etorkizunerako garrantzitsuak izango diren esparru oso ezberdinetarako ikertzen ari dira, besteak beste, hondakin-uren tratamenduan, medikuntzan, konputazio kuantikoan, energia-iturri berriztagarrietan edota sentsore kimiko lumineszenteetan. Horrengatik guztiagatik, polioxometalatoen kimika, etorkizun handiko kimika ez-organikoaren alorreko esparru dinamikoenetariko bat dela baiezta genezake.
Sexo, Marx y nova cançó. Género, política y vida privada en la juventud comunista de los años setenta
Authors: Moreno Seco Mónica
Published: May 2017

En el tardofranquismo y la Transición, muchas y muchos jóvenes se politizaron y se identificaron con la nueva cultura juvenil presente entonces en el mundo occidental. En el PCE, partido que contaba con una larga trayectoria, la irrupción de una nueva generación permitió que la organización fuera más permeable a los cambios que estaba experimentando la sociedad española. En las diferentes formaciones de la izquierda radical comunista, de creación reciente, la mayoría de la militancia pertenecía a una generación joven que buscaba distanciarse de los moldes políticos y los modelos sociales y morales anteriores. Las militantes jóvenes que tuvieron contacto con el feminismo introdujeron nuevos debates y demandaron un trato igualitario, circunstancia que tuvo una especial incidencia en la militancia, tanto en su acción política como en su vida cotidiana. Cuando afloraron las contradicciones entre discursos feministas y prácticas, reclamaron coherencia en el interior de sus partidos y en las relaciones personales, y contribuyeron a reformular las identidades femenina y masculina en sus diversas culturas políticas.
Guerrilla y periodismo durante la Guerra de la Independencia (1808-1814): la propaganda sobre el Cura Merino
Authors: Ausín Ciruelos Alberto
Published: May 2017

Este artículo analiza los orígenes de la guerra de guerrillas y su impacto a lo largo de la guerra de la Independencia (1808-1814), así como el surgimiento de la prensa y el desarrollo de la propaganda bélica durante dicho conflicto. Después el trabajo estudia un caso concreto, el del guerrillero Jerónimo Merino, más conocido como el Cura Merino, que alcanzó una notable fama gracias a sus acciones al frente de su propia partida, pero también a sus múltiples apariciones en los periódicos de la época.
Educación física e inicios del proceso nacionalizador en las monarquías española y francesa del siglo XIX: una aproximación comparativa con el caso alemán
Authors: Fernández-Sirvent Rafael
Published: May 2017

Desde la crisis del Antiguo Régimen, la monarquía hubo de adaptarse a la revolución liberal y tuvo que diversificar sus fuentes de legitimidad, para lo cual se sirvió de nuevas estrategias propagandísticas con las que reforzar su autoridad ante sus súbditos. Este artículo analiza, en perspectiva europea comparada, las bases del sistema de educación física de Francisco Amorós, un método utilitarista destinado a la instrucción de la juventud y del ejército. El objeto de estudio se centra en el proceso de gestación de dicho método en España, en el seno del Real Instituto Militar Pestalozziano, bajo la protección de Carlos IV de Borbón, y en un análisis de su obra Cantiques religieux et moraux (París, 1818), cuya repercusión mediática posibilitó la financiación por parte de la monarquía borbónica de Luis XVIII del Gymnase normal militaire et civile de París, destinado a la formación de los futuros educadores físico-morales de la monarquía francesa y uno de los más prolíficos semilleros de patriotas franceses en la década de 1820. La urgencia de contar con un buen sistema nacional de gimnástica se hizo patente durante el Segundo Imperio, cuando en 1868 el ministro de Instrucción Pública del emperador Napoleón III envió una comisión a varios países europeos para estudiar cuál era el mejor sistema para contribuir al fortalecimiento interno del Estado. El modelo patriótico de gimnástica prusiano será el referente de casi todos los proyectos nacionalizadores europeos.
EFECTO DE DIFERENTES FUENTES Y CONCENTRACIÓNES DE LÍPIDOS DIETARIOS SOBRE SUERO, TIMO Y CEREBRO. MODELO EXPERIMENTAL.
Authors: Perris Paula , Fernandez Inés , Mambrin Cecilia , Slobodianik Nora , Feliu Maria Susana
Published: May 2017

Se analiza el efecto de dietas con diferente contenido en lípidos aportados por distintas fuentes alimenticias, administradas durante 10 días a ratas en período de crecimiento. Ratas Wistar al destete fueron alimentadas durante 10 días con dieta experimental conteniendo F%=15 y 42 (F%=Kcal lipídicas/100Kcal totales). Las fuentes lipídicas fueron: manteca, aceite de oliva, aceite de girasol alto oleico, aceite de girasol. La dieta control (F%15) contenía aceite de soja. Se determinaron los niveles séricos de triglicéridos, colesterol total, no-HDL colesterol- por métodos enzimáticos- y el perfil de ácidos grasos (AG) en suero, timo y cerebro por Cromatografía Gaseosa.Analizando los resultados en forma global, se demuestra que a pesar del corto tiempo de administración de las dietas, el perfil de AG en los grupos estudiados difiere del control como consecuencia del contenido de AG de las diferentes fuentes. La influencia de la alimentación sobre el perfil de ácidos grasos en los distintos órganos muestra su posible incidencia sobre ciertos factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas.
Influencia de la publicidad televisiva en la elección de alimentos en escolares. Importancia de la educación nutricional
Authors: Bourbotte Silvina , Sack Abril , González Marcela Aída , Williner María Rosa
Published: May 2017

Ante la diversidad de factores que afectan la calidad de la alimentación, preocupa la relación entre publicidad-edad infantil, como así también la educación alimentaria en la escuela. El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto de la publicidad televisiva en la elección de alimentos, y la influencia de los talleres de educación nutricional (TEN), sobre esta elección. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo-correlacional y transversal en 156 escolares de tercero, cuarto y quinto grado de dos escuelas que difieren en el dictado de TEN. Se aplicó individualmente una encuesta estructurada sobre Exposición y Consumo de Productos Publicitados, y de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos publicitados. En la escuela con TEN fue mayor el consumo de yogures, bizcochos de arroz, entre otros, y menor el de caramelos, chupetines, gaseosas, helados y hamburguesas, mostrando que la presencia de TEN ha sido y será una estrategia valiosa sobre la elección de alimentos.
VALIDACIÓN DE DOS MÉTODOS PARA LA DETERMINACIÓN DE ION AMONIO Y SULFATO INORGÁNICO COMO INDICADORES DE RIESGO DE LITIASIS RENAL EN ORINA
Authors: Fernández Verónica Guillermina , Sobrero María Silvina , Marsili Nilda Raquel , Bonifasino Rosina , Brissón Cecilia , Pedro Angela , Denner Susana
Published: May 2017

La evaluación metabólica del paciente litiásico implica la determinación de inhibidores y promotores de la litogénesis. Entre los últimos están el ion sulfato inorgánico y el ion amonio. El incremento en la excreción urinaria de sulfato contribuye a la formación de cálculos cálcicos, la de amonio los cálculos de estruvita y urato ácido de amonio. El objetivo del trabajo fue modificar y validar dos métodos analíticos tradicionales para su cuantificación. Para el primero modificó el método turbidimétrico de  Lundquist y para el segundo se utilizó el método colorimétrico de Berthelot. Los parámetros de validación fueron: linealidad, límite de detección, límite de cuantificación, efecto matriz, estabilidad, precisión, veracidad y error total. Ambos métodos son rápidos, sencillos y económicos El rango se adecua a las concentraciones de muestras reales, son estables y no presentan efecto matriz. El amonio se adapta a criterios de calidad clínicos y el sulfato a criterios químicos.
Efectos de la proteína de soja aislada sobre la hipertensión y el alterado metabolismo de la glucosa en musculo cardíaco de ratas dislipemicas insulino resistentes.
Authors: Oliva María E. , Chicco Adriana , Lombardo Yolanda B
Published: May 2017

El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar los efectos de la administración de proteína de soja aislada, sobre la hipertensión y alteraciones del metabolismo de la glucosa presentes en el músculo cardíaco de ratas dislipémicas insulino resistentes, inducidas por una ingesta crónica de una dieta rica en sacarosa (DRS). Ratas machos Wistar recibieron durante 4 meses DRS. Finalizado este período, la mitad de los animales continuó con la DRS y en la otra mitad la proteína de soja aislada sustituyó a la caseína como fuente proteica (DRS+PS) durante 4 meses adicionales. El grupo control (DC) consumió dieta control durante toda la experiencia. Los resultados alcanzados demuestran que ésta manipulación dietaría fue capaz de revertir la hipertensión arterial normalizando la alterada fosforilación de la glucosa –estimada por la actividad hexoquinasa- y el contenido de glucosa-6-fosfato y glucógeno en el musculo cardiaco. La sustitución de caseína por proteína de soja como fuente proteica normalizó los niveles plasmáticos de triglicéridos, ácidos grasos no esterificados y la moderada hiperglucemia sin cambios en la insulinemia. La sensibilidad insulinica periférica global mejoró notablemente aunque sin alcanzar valores del grupo DC. Los resultados obtenidos muestran a la proteína de soja dietaría como una herramienta nutricional capaz de normalizar la presión arterial, la fosforilación y la vía no oxidativa de la glucosa en el músculo cardíaco en este modelo experimental.
Comité de Evaluación Externo
Authors: Hernández Silvia Raquel
Published: May 2017

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Dispositivos de microfluídica basados en papel: orígenes, presente y perspectivas
Authors: Berli Claudio L.A.
Published: May 2017

Los dispositivos de microfluídica denominados laboratorios en chips se han consolidado como la nueva tecnología para ensayos de laboratorio y sus aplicaciones continúan expandiéndose. En este ámbito de permanente innovación, el papel ha emergido recientemente como un sustrato de gran interés, particularmente para fabricar dispositivos portables, autónomos y de bajo costo, con aplicaciones en diagnóstico médico, cuidado personal, control de calidad de alimentos y monitoreo ambiental. Los microdispositivos se acoplan además a teléfonos móviles para realizar el análisis y la transmisión de datos, lo cual potencia enormemente su desempeño. En este trabajo se realiza una breve revisión el tema, destacando algunos avances recientes en la investigación, y se discuten las perspectivas para desarrollar la tecnología en nuestra región.
Reglamento de Publicación
Authors: Hernández Silvia Raquel
Published: May 2017

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Authors: Hernández Silvia Raquel
Published: May 2017

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Familiarity Detection is an Intrinsic Property of Cortical Microcircuits with Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Ju Han , Penney Trevor B. , VanDongen Antonius M.J.
Published: May 2017

Humans instantly recognize a previously seen face as “familiar.” To deepen our understanding of familiarity-novelty detection, we simulated biologically plausible neural network models of generic cortical microcircuits consisting of spiking neurons with random recurrent synaptic connections. NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent synaptic plasticity was implemented to allow for unsupervised learning and bidirectional modifications. Network spiking activity evoked by sensory inputs consisting of face images altered synaptic efficacy, which resulted in the network responding more strongly to a previously seen face than a novel face. Network size determined how many faces could be accurately recognized as familiar. When the simulated model became sufficiently complex in structure, multiple familiarity traces could be retained in the same network by forming partially-overlapping subnetworks that differ slightly from each other, thereby resulting in a high storage capacity. Fisher’s discriminant analysis was applied to identify critical neurons whose spiking activity predicted familiar input patterns. Intriguingly, as sensory exposure was prolonged, the selected critical neurons tended to appear at deeper layers of the network model, suggesting recruitment of additional circuits in the network for incremental information storage. We conclude that generic cortical microcircuits with bidirectional synaptic plasticity have an intrinsic ability to detect familiar inputs. This ability does not require a specialized wiring diagram or supervision and can therefore be expected to emerge naturally in developing cortical circuits.
Drosophila Dalmatian combines sororin and shugoshin roles in establishment and protection of cohesion
Authors: Yamada Takashi , Tahara Eri , Kanke Mai , Kuwata Keiko , Nishiyama Tomoko
Published: May 2017

Sister chromatid cohesion is crucial to ensure chromosome bi‐orientation and equal chromosome segregation. Cohesin removal via mitotic kinases and Wapl has to be prevented in pericentromeric regions in order to protect cohesion until metaphase, but the mechanisms of mitotic cohesion protection remain elusive in Drosophila. Here, we show that dalmatian (Dmt), an ortholog of the vertebrate cohesin‐associated protein sororin, is required for protection of mitotic cohesion in flies. Dmt is essential for cohesion establishment during interphase and is enriched on pericentromeric heterochromatin. Dmt is recruited through direct association with heterochromatin protein‐1 (HP1), and this interaction is required for cohesion. During mitosis, Dmt interdependently recruits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to pericentromeric regions, and PP2A binding is required for Dmt to protect cohesion. Intriguingly, Dmt is sufficient to protect cohesion upon heterologous expression in human cells. Our findings of a hybrid system, in which Dmt exerts both sororin‐like establishment functions and shugoshin‐like heterochromatin‐based protection roles, provide clues to the evolutionary modulation of eukaryotic cohesion regulation systems.
Dalmatian: spotting the difference in cohesin protectors
Authors: Marston Adele L
Published: May 2017

The cohesin complex prevents separation of chromosomes following their duplication until the appropriate time during cell division. In vertebrates, establishment and maintenance of cohesin‐dependent linkages depend on two distinct proteins, sororin and shugoshin. New findings published in The EMBO Journal show that in Drosophila, the function of both of these cohesin regulators is carried out by a single hybrid protein, Dalmatian.
Molecular interactions between tubulin tails and glutamylases reveal determinants of glutamylation patterns
Authors: Natarajan Kathiresan , Gadadhar Sudarshan , Souphron Judith , Magiera Maria M , Janke Carsten
Published: May 2017

Posttranslational modifications of tubulin currently emerge as key regulators of microtubule functions. Polyglutamylation generates a variety of modification patterns that are essential for controlling microtubule functions in different cell types and organelles, and deregulation of these patterns has been linked to ciliopathies, cancer and neurodegeneration. How the different glutamylating enzymes determine precise modification patterns has so far remained elusive. Using computational modelling, molecular dynamics simulations and mutational analyses we now show how the carboxy‐terminal tails of tubulin bind into the active sites of glutamylases. Our models suggest that the glutamylation sites on α‐ and β‐tubulins are determined by the positioning of the tails within the catalytic pocket. Moreover, we found that the binding modes of α‐ and β‐tubulin tails are highly similar, implying that most enzymes could potentially modify both, α‐ and β‐tubulin. This supports a model in which the binding of the enzymes to the entire microtubule lattice, but not the specificity of the C‐terminal tubulin tails to their active sites, determines the catalytic specificities of glutamylases.
TREM2 deficiency impairs chemotaxis and microglial responses to neuronal injury
Authors: Mazaheri Fargol , Snaidero Nicolas , Kleinberger Gernot , Madore Charlotte , Daria Anna , Werner Georg , Krasemann Susanne , Capell Anja , Trümbach Dietrich , Wurst Wolfgang , Brunner Bettina , Bultmann Sebastian , Tahirovic Sabina , Kerschensteiner Martin , Misgeld Thomas , Butovsky Oleg , Haass Christian
Published: May 2017

Sequence variations in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) have been linked to an increased risk for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. In the brain, TREM2 is predominantly expressed in microglia. Several disease‐associated TREM2 variants result in a loss of function by reducing microglial phagocytosis, impairing lipid sensing, preventing binding of lipoproteins and affecting shielding of amyloid plaques. We here investigate the consequences of TREM2 loss of function on the microglia transcriptome. Among the differentially expressed messenger RNAs in wild‐type and Trem2−/− microglia, gene clusters are identified which represent gene functions in chemotaxis, migration and mobility. Functional analyses confirm that loss of TREM2 impairs appropriate microglial responses to injury and signals that normally evoke chemotaxis on multiple levels. In an ex vivo organotypic brain slice assay, absence of TREM2 reduces the distance migrated by microglia. Moreover, migration towards defined chemo‐attractants is reduced upon ablation of TREM2 and can be rescued by TREM2 re‐expression. In vivo, microglia lacking TREM2 migrate less towards injected apoptotic neurons, and outgrowth of microglial processes towards sites of laser‐induced focal CNS damage in the somatosensory cortex is slowed. The apparent lack of chemotactic stimulation upon depletion of TREM2 is consistent with a stable expression profile of genes characterizing the homoeostatic signature of microglia.
Treating the dysfunctional placenta
Authors: Sibley Colin P
Published: May 2017

Placental dysfunction underlies major obstetric diseases such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Whilst there has been a little progress in prophylaxis, there are still no treatments for placental dysfunction in normal obstetric practice. However, a combination of increasingly well-described in vitro systems for studying the human placenta, together with the availability of more appropriate animal models of pre-eclampsia and FGR, has facilitated a recent surge in work aimed at repurposing drugs and therapies, developed for other conditions, as treatments for placental dysfunction. This review: (1) highlights potential candidate drug targets in the placenta – effectors of improved uteroplacental blood flow, anti-oxidants, heme oxygenase induction, inhibition of HIF, induction of cholesterol synthesis pathways, increasing insulin-like growth factor II availability; (2) proposes an experimental pathway for taking a potential drug or treatment for placental dysfunction from concept through to early phase clinical trials, utilizing techniques for studying the human placenta in vitro and small animal models, particularly the mouse, for in vivo studies; (3) describes the data underpinning sildenafil citrate and adenovirus expressing vascular endothelial growth as potential treatments for placental dysfunction and summarizes recent research on other potential treatments. The importance of sharing information from such studies even when no effect is found, or there is an adverse outcome, is highlighted. Finally, the use of adenoviral vectors or nanoparticle carriers coated with homing peptides to selectively target drugs to the placenta is highlighted: such delivery systems could improve efficacy and reduce the side effects of treating the dysfunctional placenta.
Dissolution Enhancement of Domperidone Fast Disintegrating Tablet Using Modified Locust Bean Gum by Solid Dispersion Technique
Authors:   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India, Nagpal Manju , KAUR LOVELEEN ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India, CHANDER JANITA ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India, SHARMA PRATIMA ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
Published: May 2017

Enhancement of dissolution characteristics of poorly soluble drug Domperidone by solid dispersion technique using modified locust bean gum (MLBG) and further conversion into tablet dosage form with fast dissolving characteristics is being explored in current study. Solid dispersions (SD) were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. F1, F3, F5 and F7 batches of SD (1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7 ratio of drug to MLBG) were prepared. Maximum solubility was observed in 1:3 ratio (F3 batch) in comparison to pure drug. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy studies revealed no interaction of drug to polymer MLBG. Transition from crystalline to amorphous state of drug was analyzed by X-RD studies. SEM studies revealed change in surface characteristics of drug in solid dispersions. In vitro release studies revealed maximum dissolution in F3 (93% in 30 min). Further solid dispersion batches F3 was compressed into tablets including other excipients and crosspovidone as superdisintegrant. The in vitro release from tablet batch revealed better dissolution characteristics (95% in 30 min) in comparison to marketed tablet (50% in 60 min). Therefore, MLBG solid dispersion tablets of domperidone can be a convenient dosage form with enhanced dissolution characteristics.
Ellagic Acid Administration Reverses Colchicine- Induced Dementia in Rats
Authors:   Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Ropar, Punjab, India, Kaur Jaspreet , Kumar Manish ,   Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Ropar, Punjab, India, Bansal Nitin ,   Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Ropar, Punjab, India
Published: May 2017

The late-onset sporadic type of Alzheimer’s disease is characterised by chronic oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. Ellagic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenol known to possess robust antioxidant property. In the present study, memory enhancing potential of ellagic acid has been explored against ICV colchicine induced dementia in rats. Colchicine (15μg/rat) was administered to Wistar rats (200g) through intracerebroventricular (ICV) route by using stereotaxic apparatus. ICV colchicine induces Alzheimer’s disease like changes in the brain such as rampant free radical production, neuroinflammation and selective neurodegeneration in hippocampus and cortex by acting as an antitubulin agent (mitotic poison). Ellagic acid (17.5 and 35 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to rats for 25 successive days. Morris water maze and elevated plus maze paradigms were utilized to assess the spatial memory of rats. Oxidative stress biomarkers along with TNF-α were also measured in brain of rats. Ellagic acid prevented the ICV colchicine triggered cognitive deficits as evident by a significant (p<0.05) reduction in mean escape latency during acquisition trial and increased (p<0.05) time spent in target quadrant during probe trial in Morris water maze test, and reduction (p<0.05) in transfer latency in elevated plus maze test. Furthermore, both the doses of ellagic acid attenuated ICV colchicine induced rise in brain TBARS as well as TNF-α and simultaneously enhanced the GSH content.Ellagic acid prevented the brain of rodents from dementing effects of colchicine by attenuating the oxidative damage.
Development and Validation of Method for the Estimation of Telmisartan as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in Tablet Dosage form and Prepared Spherical Agglomerates by RP-HPLC
Authors:   Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India, SHARMA SHAINA , SONI VARINDER ,   Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India, RAHAR SANDEEP ,   Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India, HATIA NITISH ,   Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Published: May 2017

The Present work was designed to develop and validate an accurate, precise and rapid method for the estimation of Telmisartan as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) as well as in tablet dosage form and prepared spherical agglomerates by RP-HPLC. The developed method was found to be simple, accurate, precise and sensitive. The separation was achieved on an Isocratic High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (Thermo Scientific) using pumps Jasco PU 2080 Plus, UV detector, column oven (Jasco), and a Reverse Phase C-18 (phenyl) Column (25 cm x 4.6 mm) i.d., particle size 5 μm. The HPLC system was run with flow rate: 0.8 ml/min Injection Volume: 10μl and run time: 10 min, Detector temp: 40 oC. The method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, and accuracy, robustness, LOD and LOQ parameters. The recovery range was within the range of 99.0–102.0% and the method could be successfully applied for the routine analysis of the drug substance as well as the spherical agglomerates prepared by crystallo coagglomeration technique.
Analgesic Activity of some 1-Phenyl-3-aryl-5- (4-(butanoloxy) phenyl) 1H-pyrazoles
Authors:   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab-140401, Goyal Anju , Jain Sandeep ,   Drug Discovery and Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001 (Haryana), INDIA
Published: May 2017

A series of analgesic activity of synthesised 1 -Phenyl-3-aryl- 5-(4-(butanoloxy) phenyl) 1H-pyrazoles were synthesized from chalcones and screened for their in vitro analgesic activity. Chalcones i.e.,1-aryl-3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-ones, 1 on reaction with phenyl hydrazine in presence of acetic acid and few drops of hydrochloric acid furnished the corresponding 1-phenyl-3-aryl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazoles 2 which on further reaction with 4-chloroalkanol yielded the title compounds 3. These compounds were characterized by CHN analyses, IR, mass and 1H NMR spectral data. All the novel synthesised 1-Phenyl-3-aryl-5-(4-(butanoloxy) phenyl) 1H-pyrazoles were evaluated pharmacologically for their analgesic activity and the title synthesised compounds exhibited significant results as compared to standard drug.
Improvement of Learning and Memory of Mice by Plumbagin
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar -125 001 (Haryana), India, Dhingra D , Parshad S ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar -125 001 (Haryana), India
Published: May 2017

Roots of Plumbago zeylanica have been reported to improve learning and memory of mice, but the effect of plumbagin on learning and memory of mice and the possible mechanisms for its effect on memory have not been explored till date. So the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of plumbagin on learning and memory of Swiss young male albino mice. Plumbagin (4, 8, 16 mg/kg, p.o.) and physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg,i.p.) per se were administered for 15 successive days to separate groups of mice. Behavioral parameters of learning and memory were recorded using Morris water maze. Acetylcholinesterase activity was estimated in brain of mice. Effect of plumbagin on scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced amnesia was also investigated. Locomotor activities of mice were also recorded. Plumbagin (8 and 16 mg/kg) and physostigmine significantly improved learning and memory of mice, as indicated by decrease in escape latency during training and increase in time spent in target quadrant of Morris water maze during retrieval. The drugs did not show any significant effect on locomotor activities of mice. Memory improving activity of plumbagin (16 mg/kg) was equivalent to physostigmine. Plumbagin significantly reversed scopolamine- and diazepam- induced amnesia in mice. Plumbagin and physostigmine also significantly reduced brain acetylcholinesterase activity of mice. In conclusion, plumbagin significantly improved memory of mice possibly through inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity and through involvement of GABA-benzodiazepine pathway. Thus, plumbagin may be explored further for management of cognitive dysfunction.
CAD/CAM in dentistry – a critical review
Authors: Buhrer Samra Adriana Postiglione , Morais Eduardo , Mazur Rui Fernando , Vieira Sergio Roberto , Rached Rodrigo Nunes
Published: May 2017

Objective: The CAD/CAM process in Dentistry describes an indirect restoration designed by a computer (Computer Aided Design) and milled by a computer assisted machine (Computer Aided Machined). It can be divided into three different steps: data acquisition, indirect restoration design and construction of the prosthesis itself. This paper relates the state of art of the CAD/CAM systems in dentistry and some of the concerns and special cares that can interphere to optimize their results. Yet, it stablish some considerations about the role of CAD/CAM systems in the present and near future of the dental practice.Methods: The Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) and biomedical journal literature of the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed) electronic databases were used to search the literature from 2004 to 2013.Conclusion: There are advantages to using CAD/CAM in Dentistry: the new materials are esthetically pleasing and durable; there is increased efficiency in laboratory processing; quick fabrication of the restoration; and quality control of restorations such as fit, mechanical durability and predictability. These advantages will ultimately benefit our patients.