bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Dynamics Preceding Summer Forest Fires in California and the Extreme Case of 2018
Authors: Jacobson Tess W. P. , Seager Richard , Williams A. Park , Henderson Naomi
Published: May 2022

Recent record-breaking wildfire seasons in California prompt an investigation into the climate patterns that typically precede anomalous summer burned forest area. Using burned-area data from the U.S. Forest Service’s Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) product and climate data from the fifth major global reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) over 1984–2018, relationships between the interannual variability of antecedent climate anomalies and July California burned area are spatially and temporally characterized. Lag correlations show that antecedent high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), high temperatures, frequent extreme high temperature days, low precipitation, high subsidence, high geopotential height, low soil moisture, and low snowpack and snowmelt anomalies all correlate significantly with July California burned area as far back as the January before the fire season. Seasonal regression maps indicate that a global midlatitude atmospheric wave train in late winter is associated with anomalous July California burned area. July 2018, a year with especially high burned area, was to some extent consistent with the general patterns revealed by the regressions: low winter precipitation and high spring VPD preceded the extreme burned area. However, geopotential height anomaly patterns were distinct from those in the regressions. Extreme July heat likely contributed to the extent of the fires ignited that month, even though extreme July temperatures do not historically significantly correlate with July burned area. While the 2018 antecedent climate conditions were typical of a high-burned-area year, they were not extreme, demonstrating the likely limits of statistical prediction of extreme fire seasons and the need for individual case studies of extreme years.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to identify the local and global climate patterns in the preceding seasons that influence how the burned summer forest area in California varies year-to-year. We find that a dry atmosphere, high temperatures, dry soils, less snowpack, low precipitation, subsiding air, and high pressure centered west of California all correlate significantly with large summer burned area as far back as the preceding January. These climate anomalies occur as part of a hemispheric scale pattern with weak connections to the tropical Pacific Ocean. We also describe the climate anomalies preceding the extreme and record-breaking burned-area year of 2018, and how these compared with the more general patterns found. These results give important insight into how well and how early it might be possible to predict the severity of an upcoming summer wildfire season in California.
Experimental Confirmation of Stokes Drift Measurement by High-Frequency Radars
Authors: Dussol Abïgaëlle , Chavanne Cédric , Gregorio Sandy , Dumont Dany
Published: May 2022

High-frequency radars (HFR) remotely measure ocean surface currents based on the Doppler shift of electromagnetic waves backscattered by surface gravity waves with one-half of the electromagnetic wavelength, called Bragg waves. Their phase velocity is affected by their interactions with the mean Eulerian currents and with all of the other waves present at the sea surface. Therefore, HFRs should measure a quantity related to the Stokes drift in addition to mean Eulerian currents. However, different expressions have been proposed for this quantity: the filtered surface Stokes drift, one-half of the surface Stokes drift, and the weighted depth-averaged Stokes drift. We evaluate these quantities using directional wave spectra measured by bottom-mounted acoustic wave and current (AWAC) profilers in the lower Saint Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada, deployed in an area covered by four HFRs: two Wellen radars (WERA) and two coastal ocean dynamics applications radars (CODAR). Since HFRs measure the weighted depth-averaged Eulerian currents, we extrapolate the Eulerian currents measured by the AWACs to the sea surface assuming linear Ekman dynamics to perform the weighted depth averaging. During summer 2013, when winds are weak, correlations between the AWAC and HFR currents are stronger (0.93) than during winter 2016/17 (0.42–0.62), when winds are high. After adding the different wave-induced quantities to the Eulerian currents measured by the AWACs, however, correlations during winter 2016/17 significantly increase. Among the different expressions tested, the highest correlations (0.80–0.96) are obtained using one-half of the surface Stokes drift, suggesting that HFRs measure the latter in addition to mean Eulerian currents.
Family Profiles of Maladaptive Perfectionists among Asian International Students
Authors: Jun Helen H. , Wang Kenneth T. , Suh Han Na , Yeung Jeffrey G.
Published: May 2022

Maladaptive perfectionists with high perfectionistic standards and discrepancy are at risk for negative psychological outcomes. Among Asian international students, family perfectionism is an important concern due to cultural values concerning honoring familial expectations, conformity, and fulfilling obligations for scholastic achievement. This study examined 190 Asian international students in the United States that prescreened as having maladaptive perfectionism. Among them, hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses revealed three types of perfectionistic families: adaptive, maladaptive, and nonperfectionistic. A oneway analysis of variance revealed that participants from maladaptive families experienced higher depression, general anxiety, and suicidal ideation than those from adaptive or nonperfectionistic families. Those from maladaptive or nonperfectionistic families reported higher social anxiety, academic distress, eating concerns, and lower life satisfaction than those from adaptive families. These findings highlight the importance of maladaptive perfectionists’ family backgrounds in understanding Asian international student mental health. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Gender Representation in Textbooks: Insights From Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Agha Nadia , Shaikh Ghazal
Published: May 2022

Gender representation in textbooks is of core importance in the classroom as textbooks are at the centre of the classroom in public sector schools in Sindh, Pakistan. This paper investigates teachers’ perceptions regarding the representation of gender in the textbooks. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 secondary school teachers in Sindh, Pakistan. The results show that most of the teachers conformed to the traditional roles of men and women. Moreover, they emphasised the need to revise textbooks as they thought textbooks had a greater influence on students. It is argued that teachers, other than a few exceptions, appear to be unaware of the influence they have on learners’ perceptions. It is recommended that teacher training need to focus on the role of the teachers with reference to the use of textbooks.
Unbundling workplace conflict: Exploring the relationship between grievances and non-strike industrial actions and the moderating effect of voice mechanisms
Authors: Noh Sung-Chul , Hebdon Robert
Published: May 2022

Given that an understanding of the inter-relationships among workplace conflict expressions is necessary for effective dispute resolution, this study explores the moderating roles of various types of voice mechanisms in the relationship between grievances and non-strike industrial actions. Using data from the Statistics Canada's Workplace and Employee Survey, we found evidence that a positive relationship between grievances and non-strike industrial action (e.g. slowdowns, work-to-rule, etc.) is stronger in workplaces with weaker union voice, is weaker in non-union workplaces with more extensive high-involvement work systems, and was not affected by the presence of alternative dispute resolution systems. Our findings provide theoretical insights into the role of voice mechanism in the inter-relationships between individual and collective forms of conflict in both union and non-union environments. The results also have practical implications for dispute resolution in terms of the management of conflict and dispute systems design.
The Editor’s Note: Enough already with the reading wars
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: May 2022

Research has shown that children’s literary development depends on a complex web of factors, but the media seems focused on debates about phonics instruction. Rafael Heller describes what the reading wars leave out.
Application of the Cycle Management Model in Improving Outpatient Appointment Services
Authors: Zhao Jiangxia , Liu Xiaoqing , Gu Guiguo , Gu Huajun , Yan Yuzhong , Li Ming
Published: May 2022

To explore the application of plan-do-check-action (PDCA) cycle management model in the management outpatient appointment, and improve the efficiency of outpatient appointment services. The data of outpatients from January 2019 to December 2020 were collected from a tertiary class B general hospital affiliated to a university in Shanghai. Through the investigation and analysis of the current situation, the reasons were found for the low rate of outpatient appointment. PDCA management was carried out, and measures were formulated for continuous improvement and the effective measures were standardized. The appointment rate, recognition rate and the utilization rate of self-service appointment (handheld hospital and self-service machine) were analysed after the intervention of PDCA. Through PDCA cycle management model, the appointment rate of outpatients increased from 9.93% before improvement to 82.50% after improvement, and the recognition rate of patients increased from 51.39% to 92.76%. The utilization rate of self-service appointment increased from 1.03% to 56.38%. Through the construction of multi-channel, wide coverage and convenient operation of the appointment service system, the PDCA cycle management model effectively improves the efficiency of the outpatient appointment services.
Videoconferencing-based cognitive behavioral therapy for youth with anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Uysal Burcu , Morgül Ebru , Taştekne Feyzanur , Sönmez Dilruba , Tepedelen Mehmed Seyda , Gülay Sümeyra , Eskioğlu Aydın Iclal , Evecek Hülya , Gormez Vahdet
Published: May 2022

The need for psychosocial intervention programmes to address the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdown restrictions on the mental health of young people is evident. Using a within subject pretest-posttest design, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based anxiety and depression management psychoeducation programmes on mental health and coping skills in youth ages 14–20. The Demographic Information Form, Revised Child Anxiety Depression Scale, and KidCope were administered before and after the psychoeducational programme to assess programme outcomes. The results indicate significant decreases in levels of anxiety, significant decreases in avoidance of anxiety-provoking situations and significant increases in coping skills following the online CBT Anxiety Management Psychoeducation Program. A significant decrease in depression scores was noted among the online CBT Depression Management Psychoeducation Program participants. Although these results should be interpreted cautiously due to limitations of the study (e.g., no control group, high attrition), they suggest that psychological prevention or intervention programmes may be beneficial for young people who are physically unable to go to school or who cannot interact face-to-face with social support networks.
Ganglioneuroblastoma in the Retropharyngeal Space: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zeng Zesheng , Liu Jinping , Xu Shengen , Qin Gang
Published: May 2022

Ganglioneuroblastoma is a rare peripheral neuroblastic tumor located anywhere in the sympathetic nervous system but rarely in the retropharyngeal space. Diagnosis can often be difficult based on imaging alone. We describe one case of a child presenting with snoring. The lesion was located in the rare retropharyngeal space, and its histology finally revealed ganglioneuroblastoma. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of pediatric patients with respiratory symptoms indicating cervical ganglioneuroblastoma. To make a definite diagnosis as soon as possible, a core needle biopsy or even immunohistochemistry may need to be performed before surgery.
COVID-19-related Stigma Among the Affected Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study From Kerala, India
Authors: Chandran Nimmy , Vinuprasad V.G.  , Sreedevi C.  , Sathiadevan Sajal , Deepak K. S.
Published: May 2022

Background:

The studies and case reports from various parts of the world are showing discrimination and stigma associated with COVID-19. Stigma can directly worsen the mental health of people and also worsen physical health indirectly. This study is aimed to assess the anticipatory and experienced stigma associated with COVID-19 in affected individuals.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Palakkad District in Kerala. Study participants were patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The sampling method was convenience sampling and snowball sampling. COVID-19 Related Stigma Survey Questionnaire was prepared by experts from the field of Psychiatry and Community Medicine. The responses were collected via an online survey and telephonic interview.

Results:

Among the total participants (N=303) 119 participants (39.3%) wanted to keep the illness a secret. Eighty-one participants (26.7%) had fear of discrimination from others. Eighty-nine participants (29.4%) had experienced stigma related to their COVID-19 infection. Seventy-five (24.8%) participants’ family members had experienced stigma. Few stigma parameters were significantly higher among the younger people. The participants belonging to the below poverty line category and the participants with lesser education showed significantly more worry about rejoining society after the isolation. Below poverty line category also had significantly more worry about discrimination towards their family members. Participants with lower education had significantly more worry about affecting their job due to the illness. Health care workers had significantly high worry regarding others attitudes towards them.

Conclusion:

There is a high level of stigma associated with COVID-19 in society. Definite measures need to be taken to reduce the stigma related to COVID-19 infection.
A systematic nutrition intervention for low iron status in collegiate distance runners
Authors: Stanzione Joseph R. , Bell Gracie , Greenwood Daniel A.
Published: May 2022

Background: Iron is a trace mineral that plays a significant role in oxygen transport and energy production during exercise. In deficiency, iron can have a significant negative impact on sports performance. Due to its relative simplicity, supplementation is a common treatment to combat deficiency. However, there is a paucity of analyses combining supplementation with dietary education as a method of treatment. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a systematic iron intervention combining nutrition education and supplementation stages to combat low ferritin levels in collegiate runners. Methods: Twenty four distance runners (13 women; 11 men; 19.5 ± 0.8 years of age) were measured for serum ferritin, daily iron, calcium and vitamin C intake at the start of the fall semester and again after 100 days of supplementation. A dependent groups t-test was applied to delineate changes in Ferritin levels and iron, vitamin C and calcium intake. Alpha levels were maintained a priori at p < 0.05. Results: Ferritin levels averaged 40.0 ± 22.6 ng/mL in Fall and 33.7 ± 14.7 ng/mL in Spring. There were no statistical differences in ferritin levels from Fall to Spring (p = 0.074). Weekly Iron intake (# of foods) significantly increased from Fall (110.8 ± 43.1) to Spring (123.3 ± 43.9), (p = 0.028). There were no significant changes in Vitamin C or Calcium intake between time points (p = 0.441), (p = 0.901). Conclusion: We found no significant differences in serum ferritin measures but dietary intake of iron increased as a result of the intervention.
“Erasing a mural does not erase reality”: Queer visibility, urban policing, and the double life of a mural in Ecuador
Authors: Morrison Chandra
Published: May 2022

Halted by the police, repeatedly defaced, and ultimately erased, the mural El Amor No Tiene Género (Love Has No Gender) lasted less than one week on the streets of Quito before it disappeared under a layer of whitewash in July 2019. The image – a trio of kissing couples – was painted by local street artist Apitatán to celebrate Ecuador’s landmark approval of marriage equality. Its destruction inspired widespread media coverage, direct-action activism, and institutional support for the mural which culminated in its revival two months later. This article investigates what the double life of Apitatán’s mural reveals about the politics of visibility in Quito at a critical moment of consolidating political rights for the country’s LGBTQ community. Drawing on digital ethnography and storytelling methods, I weave together these two visibility disputes – about the mural and about queer love – to illustrate how public visibility is always contingent. To do so, my analysis explores the interplay between erasure and policing practices to enforce conditions of visibility within the urban environment.
Skimmin ameliorates cardiac function via the regulation of M2 macrophages in a myocardial infarction mouse model
Authors: Su Manxia , Cui Jingming , Zhao Jia , Fu Xiaoyan
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a coronary artery disorder with several complications, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac fibrosis. The current study is aimed to explore the protective effect of skimmin (SKI) on impaired heart tissues in MI.

Methods

A mouse model of MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. SKI was intragastric administration for 7 days after MI. Masson staining was then conducted to measure the area of fibrosis in the myocardium. The expression levels of collagen I and collagen III were analyzed using Western blot. The levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and inflammatory factor were also detected. The expression of M1 polarization markers and M2 polarization markers in mice and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Finally, the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro were analyzed using transwell and EDU, respectively.

Results

SKI improved cardiac function and cardiac fibrosis in mice with MI. SKI also decreased collagen I and collagen III expression, and inhibited inflammatory factor TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. SKI decreased the levels of MDA and increased the levels of GSH and SOD. Meanwhile, SKI could promote M2 macrophage polarization in vivo and in vitro. SKI could also repress the migration and proliferation of VSMCs.

Conclusions

SKI may ameliorate inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac fibrosis of MI by promoting M2 polarization.
Experimental investigation of vibration damping capabilities of 3D printed metal/polymer composite sleeve bearings
Authors: Kam Menderes , Saruhan Hamit , İpekçi Ahmet
Published: May 2022

Additive Manufacturing (AM) method enables to produce products easily, cheaply and quickly with more complex geometry compared to traditional production methods. In this context; Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely used for AM method that requires a large number of process parameters. In this study, it is aimed to experimentally investigate the damping capabilities of the metal/polymer composite sleeve bearings printed using FDM. A total of 54 pieces (27 pairs) were printed from composite filaments such as nine pairs for each of PLA, PLA + 20% Bronze, and PLA + 20% Copper metal/polymer with different filling structures (Octogram spiral, Archimedian chords, and 3D Honey comb) and different occupancy rates (10, 30, and 50%), respectively. The experiments were carried out using the shaft-bearing system under the same operating conditions at a rotational speed of 900 revolution per minute (rpm), and vibration data was collected from the rotating shaft with proxy probes. Rotating shaft position is very important to determine journal position in bearing for understanding deterioration in the bearing. Bode and Orbit plots are used to detect the level of deterioration in the bearing. The value of bearing to shaft clearence can vary widely depending on application. Since the bearings were heavily loaded, they were compressed by radial load caused large clearence. The results showed that compressed bearing had significant influence on the stability of rotating shaft system and significant differences in damping capabilities of composite sleeve bearings with different filling structures and occupancy rate. Increasing occupancy rate decreases the vibration amplitude values in copper-reinforced sleeve bearing but increases in bronze-reinforced sleeve bearing. From the microstructure analysis, it has been observed that the vibration absorbation capability is better due to the more homogeneous distribution of the copper reinforced bearings than the bronze reinforced bearings. Also, vibration absorption capability of sleeve bearings with 3D Honeycomb filling structureis increased significantly proportion to the occupancy rate.
A Longitudinal Examination of the Association Between Loss of Control and Loneliness Among Older Adults Diagnosed with Cancer
Authors: Morris Zachary , Malik Sana , Burke Shanna , Grudzien Adrienne , Cadet Tamara
Published: May 2022

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to examine whether feeling a loss of control over one’s life is associated with an increased risk for loneliness among those diagnosed with cancer. Method: We draw on data from the Health and Retirement Study to identify three baseline and follow-up cohorts of cancer survivors age 50 and older. Ordinary least squared regression is used to examine predictors for future loneliness. Results: Upon adjusting for other known predictors of loneliness, feelings of loss of control was significantly predictive of loneliness among 4-year cancer survivors. Discussion: Social workers and other health care practitioners should seek to provide evidence-based interventions to reduce the risk for loneliness for cancer survivors feeling a loss of control.
Exploring Attitudes of Mandatory Volunteers: The Role of Perceived Organizational Support, Role Clarity, and Self-Efficacy Toward Service
Authors: Bang Hyejin , Lee Cindy , Won Doyeon , Chiu Weisheng , Chen Lei
Published: May 2022

This study attempted to investigate the effects of perceived organizational support (POS) and role clarity on volunteer satisfaction, the mediating role of attitudes toward volunteering in the relationship between volunteer satisfaction and attitudes toward civic participation, and the moderating role of self-efficacy toward service in the relationships between POS, role clarity, and volunteer satisfaction among mandatory volunteers. Using data conducted at a major event in Wuhan, China, results showed that POS and role clarity predicted volunteer satisfaction. Volunteer satisfaction positively influenced attitudes toward volunteering, which is linked to attitudes toward civic participation. Self-efficacy toward service moderated the associations between POS, role clarity, and volunteer satisfaction, highlighting its essential role in strengthening the effects of organizational climate factors on volunteer satisfaction. Our findings underline the important role of organizations in increasing mandatory volunteers’ satisfaction that affects positive attitudes toward volunteering, leading to enhanced attitudes toward civic participation.
Remembrance of Things in Past: History and Memory in the Graphic NovelWaltz with Bashir: A Lebanon War Story
Authors: Rout Deblina
Published: May 2022

This article attempts to read Ari Folman and David Polonsky’s graphic war manifesto Waltz with Bashir (2008) as an example of postmodern historiography on the 1982 invasion of Beirut through the lens of a soldier’s (read Folman’s) traumatic memory. Through its universal critique of war, the text probes the problematic ways in which memory and traumatic lived realities interact to create narratives that subvert populist/national discourses. Folman’s amnesiac memory, which refuses to uphold a linear progression of the past, brings before the reader/viewer dual textual registers of identity formation (through Folman’s coming to terms with his repressed memories as a soldier in Lebanon) within the attempted counter-narrative against totalitarian histories. The article looks at how Folman’s amnesiac memory becomes a tool through which an ‘individual’ subjective history is birthed—thus giving rise to a reverse bildungsroman—within the contours of a counter-narrative on the national history of Israel’s war in Lebanon. Finally, in positing history as a project against totalitarianism, the article attempts to question what constitutes historicity: Is it the facticity of past events that determines their actual value? If so, what does it bode for a post-truth, polysemiotic world?
Supported Decision making teaching in New Zealand postgraduate psychiatry trainees
Authors: Newton-Howes Giles , Daly Michael , Cooney James , Kris Gledhill  , Gordon Sarah
Published: May 2022

Objective

To examine psychiatric trainees teaching of supported decision-making (SDM).

Method

New Zealand psychiatric trainees were surveyed about teaching regarding SDM using a novel tool. The analysis strategy examined the latent structure of the questionnaire and correlates of teaching in these areas.

Results

Forty nine trainees participated. Questions related to support from others and consistency of engagement were most highly endorsed while the concept of experiential learning was most poorly endorsed. Three latent factors were identified: ‘enabling personhood’, ‘decision autonomy’ and ‘experiential learning’. Only gender correlated with the total summed score of the questionnaire, and two latent factors.

Conclusions

Teaching about SDM occurs to some degree throughout New Zealand. The questionnaire captures the experience of learning in this area with a three-factor structure; enabling personhood, enhancing decisional autonomy and experiential learning.
Hydrodynamic characteristics of flow past a circular cylinder with four attached flexible plates in a high Reynolds number turbulent flow
Authors: Zahed Iman , Amini Yasser , Izadpanah Ehsan
Published: May 2022

In this study, the [Formula: see text] model is employed to evaluate the effects of flexible plates on the hydrodynamic forces acting on a circular cylinder in turbulent flows. In this regard, four flexible plates are attached to the circular cylinder. Besides, the finite volume method and finite element method have been utilized to discretize the governing equations of the fluid flow and the flexible plates, respectively. The Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter is kept constant at [Formula: see text]. The effects of fin angle [Formula: see text] and the flexural rigidity [Formula: see text] on the wake structure, displacement amplitude, Strouhal number as well as lift and drag coefficients are investigated. The results showed that the flexural rigidity of plates had a significant influence on the hydrodynamic coefficients. Indeed, an increase in the non-dimensional flexural rigidity enhanced the drag coefficient, and then it approximately remained constant. For [Formula: see text] the averaged drag coefficient is approximately constant and equal to 6.1. As the [Formula: see text] increases, the drag coefficient increases rapidly and reaches the value of 14.37 for [Formula: see text] In the second configuration [Formula: see text], values of the drag coefficient for low [Formula: see text] and high [Formula: see text] values of flexural rigidity are equal to 7.81 and 8.79, respectively.
Intermittent Energy Restriction for Weight Loss: A Systematic Review of Cardiometabolic, Inflammatory and Appetite Outcomes
Authors: Wei Xueting , Cooper Ashley , Lee Irene , Cernoch Christine A. , Huntoon Ginny , Hodek Brandi , Christian Hanna , Chao Ariana M.
Published: May 2022

Current guidelines for obesity treatment recommend reducing daily caloric intake for weight loss. However, long-term weight loss continues to be an issue in obesity management. Alternative weight loss strategies have increased in popularity, such as intermittent energy restriction (IER), a type of eating pattern with periods of fasting alternating with unrestricted eating. The effects of IER on weight loss, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, and appetite are not clear. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze short- (<24 weeks) and long-term (≥24 weeks) effects of IER on anthropometric, cardiometabolic, inflammatory, and appetite outcomes in adults with overweight/obesity. PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycInfo were searched from inception to July 2020. Human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on IER with participants with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 were included in this review. A total of 42 articles (reporting on 27 different RCTs) were included. In short-term studies, IER showed pre-to-post treatment improvements in eight of nine studies that assessed weight. Weight outcomes were sustained in the long-term. However, no significant long-term between group differences were observed in fat mass, other anthropometric, cardiometabolic, inflammatory, or appetite outcomes. Compared to continuous energy restriction (CER), IER showed no significant long-term differences in anthropometric, cardiometabolic, inflammatory, or appetite outcomes in included studies. More long-term studies are needed to assess the benefits of IER on health outcomes.
Visual acuity outcome in patients with subretinal hemorrhage - office procedure vs. surgical treatment
Authors: Tiosano Alon , Gal-Or Orly , Fradkin Maayan , Elul Rotem , Dotan Assaf , Hadayer Amir , Brody Judith , Ehrlich Rita
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of intravitreal injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and gas vs. pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery as first-line treatment for subretinal hemorrhage.

Methods

Retrospective study of 107 adults treated for subretinal hemorrhage at a tertiary hospital during 2008–2019; 51 received injection of tPA and gas and 56 underwent PPV.

Results

No between-group differences were found in age and sex, medical history, use of anticoagulants or antiplatelets, history of ocular surgeries, and previous use of intravitreal anti-VEGF. Overall follow-up time was longer in the PPV group (median 4.9 vs 3.28 years, p = 0.005). The hemorrhage was displaced in a similar percentage of patients in the tPA-and-gas group (n = 40, 78.4%) and the PPV group (n = 45, 80.4%) (p = 0.816). Approximately 80% of patients in the tPA-and-gas group were able to forgo PPV surgery. Visual acuity (in LogMAR) was similar in the two groups prior to the diagnosis of subretinal hemorrhage but better in the tPA-and-gas group at the end of follow-up (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Injection of gas and tPA can be done immediately following diagnosis of subretinal hemorrhage as an office procedure. Visual acuity outcome is good, with a high rate of blood displacement. About 20% of patients might require additional PPV as secondary intervention.
‘The filthy people’: Racism in digital spaces during Covid-19 in the context of South–South migration
Authors: Bonhomme Macarena , Alfaro Amaranta
Published: May 2022

Notions of ‘race’ and disease are deeply imbricated across the globe. This article explores the historical, complex entanglements between ‘race’, disease, and dirtiness in the multicultural Chilean context of Covid-19. We conducted a quantitative content analysis and a discourse analysis of online readers’ comments (n = 1233) in a digital news platform surrounding a controversial news event to examine Chileans’ cultural representations of Haitian migrants and explore online racism and anti-immigrant discourse. Drawing on a decolonial approach, we argue that Covid-19 as a crisis has been fabricated at the expense of a constructed ‘other’. We show how colonial racist logics not only endure in digital spaces, but are made viral in new ways by representing Haitian migrants as ‘filthy’ and ‘disease carriers’. We identified two contemporary forms of racism – online cultural racism and online aggressive racism – through which people construct imaginaries of racial superiority in digital spaces.
Prescribers’ reported acceptance and use of drug-drug interaction alerts: An Australian survey
Authors: Baysari Melissa T , Dort Bethany A Van , Zheng Wu Yi , Li Ling , Hilmer Sarah , Westbrook Johanna , Day Richard
Published: May 2022

Drug-drug interaction (DDI) alerts are frequently included in electronic medical record (eMR) systems to provide users with relevant information and guidance at the point of care. In this study, we aimed to examine views of DDI alerts among prescribers, including junior doctors, registrars and senior doctors, across Australia. A validated survey for assessing prescribers’ reported acceptance and use of DDI alerts was distributed among researcher networks and in newsletters. Fifty useable responses were received, more than half ( n = 28) from senior doctors. Prescribers at all levels expected DDI alerts to improve performance but junior doctors reported that this was at a high cost, with respect to time and effort. Senior doctors and registrars reported rarely reading alerts and rarely changing prescribing decisions based on alerts. Respondents identified a number of problems with current alerts including limited relevance, repetition, and poor design, highlighting some clear areas for alert improvement.
Examining communication visibility and social technology platform use in organizations
Authors: Treem Jeffrey W , van Zoonen Ward , Sivunen Anu
Published: May 2022

Organizations are increasingly adopting social technology platforms in an effort to support increased knowledge sharing among workers. Although scholarship has indicated that the use of social technologies can increase multiple forms of communication visibility within organizations, little is known about the nature of these relationships and how the benefits of that visibility may differ based on the use of different functionalities of platforms. This study examines how various uses of a social technology platform in a global organization relate to communication visibility and increased metaknowledge among workers. In addition, our analysis investigates how communication visibility relates to workers’ knowledge-sharing intentions and engagement. Findings extend theory by indicating that metaknowledge from communication visibility does indeed differ based on whether employees use functionalities that connect communication partners, or interact with communal communication available to third parties.
Interpretable modelling of retail demand and price elasticity for passenger flights using booking data
Authors: Meyer Jan Felix , Kauermann Go¨ran , Smith Michael Stanley
Published: May 2022

We propose a model of retail demand for air travel and ticket price elasticity at the daily booking and individual flight level. Daily bookings are modelled as a non-homogeneous Poisson process with respect to the time to departure. The booking intensity is a function of booking and flight level covariates, including non-linear effects modelled semi-parametrically using penalized splines. Customer heterogeneity is incorporated using a finite mixture model, where the latent segments have covariate-dependent probabilities. We fit the model to a unique dataset of over one million daily counts of bookings for 9 602 scheduled flights on a short-haul route over two years. A control variate approach with a strong instrument corrects for a substantial level of price endogeneity. A rich latent segmentation is uncovered, along with strong covariate effects. The calibrated model can be used to quantify demand and price elasticity for different flights booked on different days prior to departure and is a step towards continuous pricing; something that is a major objective of airlines. As our model is interpretable, forecasts can be created under different scenarios. For instance, while our model is calibrated on data collected prior to COVID-19, many of the empirical insights are likely to remain valid as air travel recovers in the post-COVID-19 period.
The ethics of forced care in dementia: Perspectives of care home staff
Authors: Fetherston Anne A , Hughes Julian , Woods Simon
Published: May 2022

Some care home residents with dementia have the capacity, some do not. Staff may need to make decisions about administering care interventions to someone whom they believe lacks the capacity to consent to it, but also resists the intervention. Such intervention can be termed forced care. The literature on forced care (especially reflecting empirical work) is scant. This study aims to investigate how the ethics of forced care is navigated in practice, through ten semi-structured interviews with staff in 1 care home in the North East of England. Participants generally avoided situations where there was overt restraint, taking a flexible approach by either modifying their own behaviour or using covert techniques. The underlying justification given for decisions or actions tended to be that the recipients of care should be valued because of their intrinsic worth as fellow human beings. Participants attempted to put themselves in the position of the resident or think about what a beloved elderly relative would want. The intervention seemed acceptable to staff if the resident was not distressed. When staff were presented with scenario-based questions around capacity they were more successful than when asked direct questions relating to the Mental Capacity Act. Scenario-based training may be helpful to reinforce familiarity and facility with the principles of the Mental Capacity Act.
Using Asynchronous Online Focus Groups to Capture Healthcare Professional Opinions
Authors: LaForge Kate , Gray Mary , Stack Erin , Livingston Catherine J. , Hildebran Christi
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Online data collection methods can increase study accessibility and ease the burden of data collection for participants. Asynchronous Online Focus Groups are a promising method for data collection among healthcare professionals.

Methods

In this article, we describe the use of, and lessons learned from conducting 19 Asynchronous Online Focus Groups across four research studies.

Results

We describe our experiences preparing for, recruiting for, and conducting Asynchronous Online Focus Groups. We highlight decision points around timeframe, eligibility, recruitment, participation, focus group assignment, moderation, and participant engagement. We found that removing geographic barriers was advantageous for collecting data, focus group attrition is a concern for asynchronous formats, and group assignment may affect data.

Conclusions

Asynchronous Online Focus Groups are a promising method for data collection among healthcare professionals. When conducting Asynchronous Online Focus Groups researchers should consider the suitability and the unique implications of this data collection method for data quality.
Econometric Analysis of the Determinants of Rice Farming Systems Choice in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Ouattara N’Banan , Xiong Xueping , Guo Chenguang , Traoré Lacina , Ballo Zié
Published: May 2022

In sub-Saharan African countries, rice is grown through different rice farming systems (RFSs). Despite the growing interest of policymakers and significant research in ensuring sustainable rice production, little is known about the factors that underline the choice of the different RFSs. This study empirically examines key determinants of RFSs choice with Côte d’Ivoire, a case study, where three rice production systems are distinguished. Considering that farmers can make multiple choices, we use a Multivariate Probit model. Data were collected from 588 rice farmers randomly sampled in seven rice areas. The results show that the determinants of the choice of RFSs vary from one production system to another. More specifically, land tenure, presence of an irrigation system, intercropping system, access to extension services, membership in a rice farmers’ organization, access to credit, paddy rice marketing, rice farm size, farming experience, off-farm income, gender, and household size influence the choice of the different RFSs. Our results suggest increasing investment in irrigation infrastructure, strengthening technical and organizational support to rice farmers, and defining guidelines for the intercropping system.
The Value Co-creation Through Joint Failure Recovery: B2B Settings
Authors: Bakhsh N. Nik , Riivits-Arkonsuo I.
Published: May 2022

The co-creation of value through joint recovery management has attracted increasing interest in the business-to-business (B2B) service context. However, the underlying process of joint recovery management is less understood. Through the qualitative interviews with suppliers and customers firms and applying the conceptual thinking of service-dominant (S-D) logic and service logic, this research explores the joint recovery practice through which the value is co-created in the context of B2B markets. The analysis reveals value emerges from interaction and their resource contributions to six main activities of joint recovery management, including the prevention, identification, notification, analysis, the resolution of failure and the implementation of the mutually selected solution. Interestingly, the findings indicate that the supplier supports the value creation process through recovery activities and by performing different roles, while the customer can engage in recovery management activities by their resource contribution to the recovery activities, which results in the co-creation of monetary and non-monetary values. The current study serves as a tool for scholars and managers who wish to enhance the value co-creation process through joint recovery management activities in B2B settings.
Stoma-related complications and emergencies
Authors: Babakhanlou Rodrick , Larkin Kelly , Hita Angel G. , Stroh John , Yeung Sai-Ching
Published: May 2022

Stoma creations are common procedures in surgical specialties. They can be created either as a temporary or a permanent measure. Despite advancements in surgical technique and stoma care, complications are common. Patients experiencing stoma-related complications often present to the emergency department. Emergency physicians are not expected to be stoma experts, yet they are often the first point of contact for patients experiencing stoma-related complications. Accordingly, emergency physicians should be familiar with the types of stomas and complications and emergencies associated with them so that they can appropriately address the problems related to stomas. This article will provide a review of emergencies and complications associated with ileostomies, colostomies, and urostomies.
Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the duodenal bulb presenting with gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ye Nan , Bao Xiaoxiao , Zhao Xiaokang , Wang Bin
Published: May 2022

Background

Primary duodenal cancer (PDC) is rare, especially signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the duodenal bulb, and it is commonly misdiagnosed as an ulceration. Here, we report a rare case of SRCC of the duodenal bulb presenting with gastrointestinal hemorrhage in an 82-year-old man.

Case presentation

An 82-year-old man was admitted for gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Physical examination revealed upper abdominal tenderness and pale appearance, but was otherwise unrevealing. Laboratory workup was significant for anemia. Imaging showed no abnormalities. Two endoscopic evaluations along with interventional embolization were attempted and, unfortunately, adequate hemostasis was not achieved, resulting in distal subtotal gastrectomy, including the duodenal bulb. SRCC of the duodenal bulb was diagnosed based on pathology after surgery. Post-operatively, the patient experienced persistent gastrointestinal bleeding. Family declined further intervention and the patient eventually died one month post-resection.

Conclusions

SRCC in the duodenal bulb is difficult to diagnose. For those with high-risk factors, endoscopic examination and biopsy are recommended. For patients who can receive radical tumor resection, pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is considered a first-line option. Early diagnosis and resection have been shown to improve prognosis.
Phacoemulsification after trabeculectomy in uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: intermediate-term visual outcome, IOP control and trabeculectomy survival
Authors: Almobarak Faisal A. , Alharbi Ali H. , Aljadaan Ibrahim , Aldhibi Hassan
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the visual outcome, intraocular pressure control and trabeculectomy survival after phacoemulsification in eyes with prior trabeculectomy in uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH).

Design

Retrospective comparative study.

Methods

Eyes with uveitic glaucoma associated with VKH who underwent mitomycin C (MMC)-enhanced trabeculectomy were included. Eyes were divided into two groups: the first study group included eyes that later underwent cataract surgery in the form of phacoemulsification, and the second control group included eyes that did not have cataract surgery. The main outcome measures were changes in the visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of antiglaucoma medications, IOP control and trabeculectomy survival.

Results

There were no significant differences in the final visual acuity (0.78 (±0.9) and 0.92 (±1.1), p = 0.80)) nor IOP (14.21 mmHg (±5.8) and 12.16 mmHg (±6.1), p = 0.29), but there was a difference in the antiglaucoma medications (1.58 (±1.5) and 0.53 (±1.0), p = 0.02) between the study and control group, respectively. There was no difference in the overall trabeculectomy survival (p = 0.381, Log Rank), but more eyes in the study group converted to qualified success after phacoemulsification and required more medications to control the IOP.

Conclusion

Phacoemulsification after trabeculectomy seems to be a safe procedure in eyes with combined vision threatening complications of VKH, although the visual improvement was limited. Nevertheless, more medications were required to control the IOP, resulting in less absolute and more qualified trabeculectomy success. Therefore, patient counseling before surgery is essential.