bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOREST PLANTATION. HOW TO CUT, HOW TO PLANT AND GROW?
Authors: Shirnin Y. , Gaisin I. , Shirnin A. , Shamov D.
Published: November 2021

A critical analysis of scientific publications devoted to the schemes and parameters of placement (planting) on the territory of the plantation of planting material is presented. The analysis of the dimensions of the machines and their working bodies in comparison with the options for planting plantation plantings is presented. Possible systems of machines for selective logging on forest plantations are recommended, which ensure felling of trees without damage to the stand left for re-growth. A scheme for growing and harvesting timber on plantations has been developed and justified. The main parameter that affects the effective growth of crops is the density of the stand. Its regulation is directed to the proposed options for thinning. The main parameters that should be taken into account when predicting the characteristics of the stand left for rearing are presented. Requirements for the technology of logging on plantations have been developed to minimize the damage to the individuals left for rearing. Recommendations on the selection of species for growing on the plantation, as well as machine systems for cutting operations, taking into account the geometric parameters of stands for different periods of logging, are proposed. Recommendations are given on the technological schemes for the development of apiaries during logging under specified conditions with the achievement of the goals set by the recommended machine systems.
ENERGY RESOURCE-SAVING PLANT FOR EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors: Abdullina D. , Valeev K. , Safin R.
Published: November 2021

As know, all wood material is recycled only half, and the rest of it remains unused. In practice, wood waste is most often plowed or burned, at a time when such wood is a valuable natural raw material that can compensate for the needs of a number of sectors of the economy. In this regard, the problem of recycling waste from the woodworking industry is very relevant today. Wood waste contains a large amount of substances capable of exhibiting biological activity. In particular, such biologically active substances include betulin, which is found in birch bark, which, due to its many advantages, has found wide application in medical, perfumery, cosmetic, food and other industries. For the rational use of wood and wood materials, it is necessary to develop new technologies and equipment for processing wood into products that are in demand for mankind. The paper provides an overview of the processing of birch bark. The relevance and prospects of birch species as a raw material for the chemical industry have been established. An installation for obtaining biologically active substances from wood waste is presented.
DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL SCHEME FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CUTTING AREA ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF UNDERGROWTH PRESERVATION
Authors: Abramov Vitaliy , Shkardun E. , Sapova E.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the optimal scheme for the development of felling areas according to the degree of preservation of undergrowth. For this, three options were explored. The first method involves the laying of apiary trails, followed by the development of half-incisions with ribbons of a certain width, starting from the nearest to the apiary trail. In the second method of apiary development, the laying of apiary trails is not assumed and the felling of trees occurs inside the plantation on a belt of a certain width located perpendicular to the main trail. The third method of apiary development, proposed for comparison, involves the use of technological sighting devices at an angle to the main and apiary technological corridor. To compare the indicated methods of performing processing operations in apiaries, analytical expressions were obtained to determine technological areas and a calculation of all their components was performed.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE STABILITY OF BAND SAWS ON THE QUALITY INDICATORS OF SAW PRODUCTS
Authors: Bagno O. , Maksimenkov Alexey
Published: November 2021

The main drawback of circular sawing machines is the presence of broken teeth in the cut. In case of vibrations, violation of the saw plane, mismatch of the feed direction with the saw planes, and rebasing, these teeth spoil the processing surface. Belt sawing allows you to ensure high quality of lumber on the roughness of their surface at high feed rates; increase productivity by 1.5-2 times due to mechanization and automation of technological operations. One of the most important advantages of band saws is the small width of the cut, which is 1.5-2 times smaller than that of the sawmill; the small thickness of the saw ensures low consumption of wood in sawdust and high volume output of lumber. Sawing wood on band saws, in the vast majority of cases, is characterized by face cutting. Of the 3 forms of chip formation when cutting into the end, for band saws, the most characteristic is the formation of the chip element by chipping it with the stratification of wood along the bottom of the cut. The quality of the surface, in terms of its roughness, in addition to the formation of the chip element, is affected by its location in the interdental space, the presence and degree of compression and transportation of the chip element. The quality of the surface, in terms of its roughness, in addition to the formation of the chip element, is affected by its location in the interdental space, the presence and degree of compression and transportation of the chip element. As a result of studies of the initial conditions for the development of the teeth sharpening scheme, the orientation of the active elements of the blade relative to the middle plane of the saw can be identified as the main ones.
DEVELOPMENT OF SAFE FORMULATIONS FOR WOOD PROCESSING BASED ON VEGETABLE OIL WASTE
Authors: Borovskoy Aleksandr , Nedzelskaya E. , Dmitrenkov A.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this work was to develop and study new safe formulations for wood processing based on used vegetable oil. The waste of refined vegetable oil, which remains after cooking, was used as the modifying base of the developed compositions. Impregnation of wood samples of standard sizes was carried out by the method of “hot-cold baths”. Starch was used as a filler, and a precipitated type NF-1 desiccant was used to accelerate the drying of the applied compositions. The properties of wood were controlled by changes in such indicators as water absorption, as well as swelling in the radial and tangential directions. The use of a desiccant in compositions based on used vegetable oil and starch makes it possible to reduce the drying time and solidification of the surface film and improve the water-repellent properties of wood. The optimal dosages of the siccative and filler were selected. A comparative assessment of the use of compositions based on used vegetable oil fordifferent types of wood is carried out on theexample of birch and pine. The developed impregnating compositions have availability, low cost and environmental safety. The use of protective compositions based on used vegetable oil allows you to improve the properties of natural wood and dispose of production waste.
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF PROCESSING FOREST COMPLEX WASTE
Authors: Bryndina Larisa , Baklanova Ol'ga
Published: November 2021

The intensive development of agriculture in the Voronezh Region has led to serious negative changes in the soil condition. There was a decrease in the content of humus and mineral substances. More than 350 thousand hectares of the region’s soils have a low content of humus and, as a result, organic matter (s) available for decomposition. Among the methods of soil restoration, soil improvers are gaining popularity. These are, as a rule, compost, various organic fillers, bio-coal. The latter are considered promising meliorants of natural origin. The processing of waste from the timber industry and sewage sludge into bio-coal is proposed. Its influence on the water permeability of leached chernozem is studied. The positive effect of biochar on the filtration properties of the soil has been established. The filtration rate after applying the biochar increased by 2.5-4 times compared to the control. The maximum water permeability was observed at a biochar concentration of 20 -30% to the soil mass. It is established that the amount of moisture that has passed through the soil depends on the dose of the introduced biochar. The addition of biochar in the amount of 5, 10, 20 and 30% led to a significant increase in the filtration qualities of the soil, compared with the control. The tendency of the ability of biochar to improve the water-physical properties of the soil is revealed.
PLANNING OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES WITH THE PURPOSE OF DEVELOPING THE MODE OF FACING DSTP WITH A THIN SLED VENEER OF WOOD MAHAGONI
Authors: Efimova Tatyana , Ishchenko Tatyana , Dunaev S.
Published: November 2021

The modern market offers mainly furniture made from traditional materials: chipboard and fiberboard, faced with synthetic materials (films, plastics). However, despite the huge variety of synthetic materials, they cannot convey the original texture, color of natural wood. Furniture made of natural wood and furniture made of panel materials, faced with sliced veneer, are classified as premium furniture due to the high cost and shortage of valuable wood species. To reduce the cost of production, it is proposed to use thin sliced and peeled veneer with a thickness of 0.4 mm. The problem is that the most common veneering defect is glue leakage, which depends on many factors, as well as the lack of clear recommendations for the choice of veneering modes. In this regard, the problem of developing a mode for veneering chipboards with thin sliced veneer of mahogany wood is relevant and requires research. The paper identifies variable factors and factors that remained constant during research. The conditions for conducting experimental studies are also given. To develop a methodology for conducting experimental studies, the method of uniform- rotatable planning of a second-order experiment was used.
GEOMETRY OF KERF WHEN CURVE SAWING WITH A CIRCULAR RIP-SAW
Authors: Jujukin Nikolai
Published: November 2021

Rip-sawing following the curvature of a crooked log means advantages for yield. However, the possibility to saw in a narrow curve with a circular saw blade is limited because of the inherently flat geometry of circular saw blades. For a double arbour circular saw the situation is even more problematic because the two blades have a certain overlap and thus, the two arbours are not positioned in the same horizontal position. In this study, a theoretical geometrical study of the creation of a kerf with a single circular saw blade and with a double arbour circular saw with two saw blades was examined. Results for stiff saw blades show that the kerfs become in general curved and inclined (tilted) in the vertical direction and also that the width of the kerfs for double arbour saws becomes wider at the top and bottom of the cant than in the middle. Additionally, the sawn boards obtain varying thickness along their width because of the varying kerf width. A comparison with experimental thickness data from four test sawings at a sawmill indicates that the theoretical results are valid and that curve sawn boards become thinner than straight sawn boards.
PROSPECTS FOR TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ARCTIC AND THE FAR NORTH
Authors: Lyshko A. , Mokhirev Aleksandr , Medvedev Sergey
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the prospects for the transport infrastructure of the Arctic and the Far North were considered. The transport system of the Arctic and the Far North consists of the Northern Sea Route, and also includes river, rail and road components, including coastal infrastructure.The transport infrastructure of the Russian Arctic has a rather weak level of transport development and uneven development. The main element of the transport system in the Arctic is the Northern Sea Route. It is the Northern Sea Route that should become one of the world’s main logistics routes in the near future. The development of the transport infrastructure of the Arctic and the Far North is influenced by the maximum natural conditions and climate. Due to the fact that the Arctic is rich in a large amount of natural resources, it is one of the demanded issues of our country. To develop the transport infrastructure of the Arctic and the Far North, it is necessary to reconstruct the existing port infrastructure, as well as to build new port production complexes in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The main task in the development of the transport infrastructure of the Arctic and the Far North is the creation of a unified transport system and the modernization of its infrastructure.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BASED ON LOW-VALUE SOFT HARDWOOD WOOD FOR BRIDGES ON HARVESTING ROADS
Authors: Medvedev Il'ya , Vorotnikov D.
Published: November 2021

Russia has significant reserves of low-value soft deciduous wood (birch, aspen, alder, poplar), which are practically not processed, the wood rots in the forest and in the lower warehouses. Wood is a good and widespread building material. Due to the significant strength, low volume weight, ease of processing, ease of manufacturing and assembly of structures, wood has long been used for the construction of bridges. At present, despite the widespread use of reinforced concrete bridges, in the forest-rich northern and eastern regions of Russia, wooden bridges can be very useful on logging roads. But wooden bridges have a number of significant drawbacks: they have a short service life, are subject to rot, are not fire-resistant, and do not meet the requirements for passing modern loads. In order to ensure the safe and uninterrupted transport of timber on logging roads, special attention should be paid to the construction material for the construction of bridges. The proposed construction material is based on low-value soft hardwood, has high performance characteristics. To improve the performance of the wood, it is necessary to impregnate it-giving it the desired properties and compress it-thereby increasing the density, hardness and strength. We have developed a technology that combines three main technological operations of wood modification: impregnation, pressing and drying, while allowing us to obtain a structural material with increased performance characteristics, suitable for the manufacture of load-bearing supports, as well as beams of wooden bridges on logging roads.
CONTINUOUS IMPREGNATION OF WOOD FROM THE END FACE UNDER PRESSURE WITH VARIOUS COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Medvedev Il'ya , Parinov Dmitriy , Shamaev Vladimir
Published: November 2021

Modern impregnating compositions for wood can significantly improve its characteristics. Water-soluble and oily antiseptics, flame retardants, strengthening and plasticizing modifiers, and dyes are used as impregnating compositions. By means of impregnation, substances are introduced into the wood that increase its characteristics such as plasticity, hydrophobicity, bio- fire resistance and shape stability. But, the indicator of certain properties after impregnation of wood with a certain composition depends on the depth of impregnation, on the uniformity of the distribution of the impregnating composition over the entire volume of wood, on the concentration of the impregnating composition in the wood, on the chosen method of impregnation. It also affects which group of impregnability a particular wood belongs to, according to the breed composition, the division is made into 3 groups: 1-easily nourished rocks (birch, alder, beech, aspen sapwood, poplar, pine); 2-moderately impregnated rocks (cedar, oak, ash, maple, linden, pine core); 3-hard- to-impregnate rocks (spruce, larch, fir). Spruce and larch are considered to be almost impervious to deep impregnation of the rocks, because of their clogged pores with resin. In the autoclave method of impregnation with water solutions, the wood must be dried to a humidity of 40% before impregnation, and to a humidity of 30% when impregnated with oily liquids. After impregnation, a re-drying operation follows. Another significant disadvantage of autoclave impregnation is its uneven distribution of the absorbed liquid in the workpieces, in some workpieces too much impregnating liquid penetrates, and in others not enough. In order to avoid two dries and to be able to set the volume of liquid that the wood will absorb, as well as to ensure the uniformity of impregnation over the entire volume of wood, it is proposed to develop a technology and equipment for end-to-end impregnation of coniferous wood from the end under pressure of raw, rounded logs with a diameter of 15-35 cm and a length of 3 m.
FOREST ASSESSMENT AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE
Authors: Mironenko Aleksey , Matveev Sergey , Slavskiy Vasiliy , Revin A.
Published: November 2021

Forestry in Russia is experiencing a great need for digital technologies that can form and generalize existing databases. All participants are interested in the development of digital technologies in forest management, from the end user of forest resources to public authorities in the field of forest relations. At the same time, the modern level of forestry software requires modernization to solve specific problems. The team of the Department of Forestry, Forest Inventory and Forest Inventory of VGFTU has developed a number of automated systems that allow to quickly solve scientific and production problems in the field of forestry, ecology and nature management. The importance and relevance of this work is reflected in the “Strategy for the development of the forestry complex of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030”.The modularity and scalability of such systems allows the authors to quickly make adjustments to their source code, which allows keeping the software up to date, which meets the modern requirements of the legal framework of the forestry sector.
THE USE OF NANOSCALE ZINC OXIDE IN WOOD-BASED COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Neminushchaya S. , Tomina E. , Dmitrenkov A.
Published: November 2021

The aim of this work was to study compositions based on vegetable oil waste and nanoscale zinc oxide particles for processing natural wood. The sol-gel method was used for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles did not contain impurities and had a shape close to spherical, and their size did not exceed 20 nm. We used freshly prepared suspensions of zinc oxide nanoparticles in used vegetable oil with their content in the amount of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 wt. parts per 100 parts of oil. The wood was treated by hot-cold impregnation. The tests were carried out on samples of birch and pine wood of standard sizes. In the modified samples, the wetting angle, moisture and water absorption, as well as their swelling were determined. It is shown that the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles in compositions based on vegetable oil waste can significantly reduce the moisture and water resistance of wood and reduce its swelling. The optimal dosages of the nanopowder introduced into the used vegetable oil and the conditions of impregnation were selected. The compositions used on the basis of vegetable oil waste are characterized by environmental safety, and the resulting wood samples had an improved appearance.
CHANGE IN THE HYGROSCOPICITY OF PINE CORE WOOD IN A TREE TRUNK DAMAGED BY FIRE
Authors: Platonov Aleksey , Popov A. , Snegireva Svetlana , Kantieva Ekaterina
Published: November 2021

Fires have a significant impact on the structure and physical and mechanical properties of wood. The degree of this effect depends on the type of fire, its intensity and the duration of exposure to high temperature. The greatest impact on the wood occurs with a strong grassroots and general top fire. Gorenje fire is characterized by a high intensity of burning of forest floor and undergrowth, as well as the crown of trees. The effect of the high temperature of the fire on the tree trunk is different. As a result of the destruction of wood, there is a partial blocking of hydroxyl groups in the cellulose molecules and leads to a decrease in the hygroscopicity limit of wood. Of great practical interest is the change in the hygroscopicity of wood damaged by fire. The aim of this study is to determine the changes in the hygroscopicity of the core wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)after damage by a strong grassroots and general high-level fire. The studies were carried out on wood growing on the territory of the UOL in the Voronezh region, on samples of pine core wood cut from the clump, middle and apex parts of the trunk. It was experimentally established that the greatest decrease in the hygroscopicity of pine core wood occurred in the left part of the trunk, and the smallest in the middle part, after fire damage.
ASSESSMENT OF SORPTION CAPACITY OF DISPERSED PINE WOOD TOWARDS FORMALDEHYDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Authors: Polyakov A. , Sharygin N. , Novikova Lyudmila
Published: November 2021

Sorption capacity of dispersed pine wood towards formaldehyde was determined from its 0.142 mol/l solutions at t=20 oC. Grinding dust from pine wood processing accumulated as a waste of furniture enterprise with a particle size of 125-250 μm was used as a sample of dispersed wood. Kinetic curve of formaldehyde sorption testified that equilibrium is reached after 30 min. The effect of speed of mixing of the system as well as that of the sorbent/sorbate ratio on the value of formaldehyde sorption were determined. The maximal value of sorption capacity of the sorbent based on dispersed pine wood came to 28,5 mg/g that allows considering it as a “green” sorbent for industrial toxicants capture.
STONE VENEER IN FURNITURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN
Authors: Ponomarenko Larisa , Kantieva Ekaterina , Kireeva A.
Published: November 2021

The use of stone veneer in the creation of furniture facades and interior interiors is an innovative field. Today, stone veneer kitchens are very popular not only among well- off, but also among average consumers. Stone veneer is easy to maintain, and at the same time it can withstand relatively high mechanical and thermal loads. These indicators are especially important for kitchen furniture. You can decorate with stone panels not only residential premises, but even more so the premises of bars, restaurants, administrative offices, halls of hotels and hotels, etc. Stone veneer has a large number of shades, in addition, stone veneer with lighting looks very original and advantageous. This is important for the author’s interior design. In recent years, stone veneer is becoming more and more popular in the design of premises, not only because it has a large color range, but also because it is in the middle price category.
THE USE OF GLUE-FREE STUD JOINTS IN DOOR JOINERY MADE OF SOLID HARDWOOD
Authors: Posluhaev Maksim , Chernyshev Aleksandr , Kantieva Ekaterina , Ponomarenko Larisa
Published: November 2021

When working with solid wood products, various ways of connecting parts are used, both in length, width and thickness, as well as connections in the structure. One of the most common ways to connect parts is considered to be a spike–groove connection. It is used to fasten the details of window frames, doorways, various furniture elements, and the walls of wooden boxes. The joint on the spikes has good mechanical strength, convenient to use. Spike joints in carpentry and carpentry were invented in order to create a strong bundle of two parts without the use of additional metal fasteners. Since the compound has been used for a long time, it is not surprising that it has been modified and improved. Today, there are several types of such fasteners. In the furniture and carpentry industry, where the reliability of the connection is necessary, it is most popular. But knowing such properties of wood as hygroscopicity, in some cases, during the operation of the product, when the operating conditions change (increasing or decreasing the temperature and humidity of the environment), the wood swells, or shrinks. This leads to the appearance of such defects as cracking, divergence of strips, the appearance of cracks. The method of connecting solid wood bars proposed in the article is relevant.
THE ANALYSIS OF ADMISSIBLE LEVEL OF FORMALDEHYDE IN AIR
Authors: Razinkov Egor
Published: November 2021

By production of glued and plate wood-base materials with use of carboamidoformaldehyde pitches (KFS) the main lack of technology of which is toxicity of these materials to the person. Toxicity is caused by allocation from these materials of gas, harmful to the person, - formaldehyde which is cancerogenic substance. Wood-shaving plates from needle (DSTP) and large-size shaving (OSB), fiber boards (DVP) including the Intermediate-density fiberboard (MDF), and also plywood of general purpose and different types of special plywood (decorative, bakelized, etc.), first of all, belong to such materials. The Russian Ministry of Health has established very strict requirements on release of formaldehyde in air both in premises, and in free air the admissible level of which makes (DU) only 0,01 mg/m3 of air when testing materials by chamber method. The plate materials released now can exceed DU of 17 times stated above. Especially it concerns DSTP. Despite attempts of institute Vniidrev through appeals to relevant authorities of the Ministry of Health to increase such admissible level in our country, generally for plate materials, were not crowned with success yet and this level in real time remains in force. It is possible to use such plates in premises only at very small saturation them room void volume (the saturation is defined as the relation of surface area of plates indoors to room void volume). So, by our researches for example it is proved that the written dvukhtumbovy table made of DSTP of class of release of formaldehyde E2 can be established in living room of 20 sq.m only one and no more. Only in this case, at small saturation room void volume plates, the release of formaldehyde in air of the room will meet requirements of domestic DU. In premises the case furniture is in reality with much bigger saturation that leads to room gas contamination formaldehyde. In too time abroad formaldehyde size DU in air much more also makes 0,124 mg/m3 of air. In this regard the purpose of our work consisted in the analysis of DU of formaldehyde in air of foreign researches.
DYNAMICS OF CHANGE OF REQUIREMENTS OF STANDARDS TO DURABILITY OF WOOD-SHAVING PLATES: REASONS AND CONSEQUENCE
Authors: Razinkov Egor , Ishchenko Tatyana
Published: November 2021

Drevesno – chip plates are widely used in production of case furniture. The volume of their production constantly grows in Russia. If in 2013 it has been made 7270, then in 2017 – 8370, in 2018 – 9789, in 2019 – 9986 thousand m3 of plates. However, one of the main shortcomings of plates of the plates released by the industry is their low durability. It especially concerns one of the main strength performances of plates – ultimate strength at bend. So, in comparison with requirements of GOST 10632-77 durability of plates at bend of the most widespread thickness (13-20 mm) in accordance with GOST 10632-89 has decreased on 9 and 21, in accordance with GOST 10632-2007 on 21 and 29, and by current GOST 10632-2014 – by 38 and 43% depending on brand of plates. Decrease in durability at stretching perpendicular to plate face less noticeable. One of the main reasons of such decrease, use in technology of plates of low-toxic carboamidoformaldehyde (KFS) pitches the content of free formaldehyde in which generally is makes about 0,15%. It is known, than more free formaldehyde is in pitch of subjects bond quality of wood and wood-base materials, with use of this pitch, above. However such big decrease in durability of plates for furniture makers is big shortcoming. It is necessary to change approaches to designing of furniture from such plates. Manufacturers of plates, using low requirements of the present standard, sometimes manipulate due to decrease in density of plates that results in friability of plates, problem of fastening of plates in furniture designs. The purpose of our work was studying of dynamics of decrease in durability of plates according to requirements of standards, since 1977 till present, establishment of the reasons and possible consequences from such decrease.
SATURATION RESEARCH MAKSIMALNY BY WOOD-SHAVING PLATES OF PREMISES
Authors: Savinkov M.
Published: November 2021

The wood-shaving plates (DSTP) released by the domestic industry with use of carboamidoformaldehyde pitches (KFS) have very essential shortcoming connected with their toxicity because of considerable allocation from them gas, harmful to the person, - formaldehyde. In recent years formaldehyde is recognized as substance, cancerogenic for the person. It concerns different type of plates: from needle (DSTP) and large-size shaving (OSB), fiber boards (DVP), including medium-density DP-SP (or MDF).
The Russian Ministry of Health has established very strict requirements on release of formaldehyde in air both in premises, and in free air the admissible level of which (DU and maximum-permissible concentration – maximum concentration limit) makes only 0,01 mg/m3 of air when testing materials by chamber method. The plate materials released now can exceed DU of 17 times stated above. Despite attempts of institute Vniidrev through appeals to relevant authorities of the Ministry of Health to increase such admissible level in our country, generally for plate materials, were not crowned with success yet and this level in real time remains in force. It is possible to use such plates in premises only at very small saturation room void volume plates (the saturation is defined as the relation of surface area of plates indoors to room void volume). In foreign practice of DU of formaldehyde in air much higher and makes 0,124 mg/m3 of air. Results of researches of the maximum saturation (the relation of surface area of plates to room volume) depending on class of emission of DSTP and DU formaldehyde at values 0,01 and 0,124 of mg/m3 of air in relation to premises are given in the real work.
IMPROVEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF WOODWORKING EQUIPMENT FOR PROCESSING MODIFIED WOOD
Authors: Safarov Kishvarsho
Published: November 2021

The sequence realizations technological operations of cutting and stamp wood of soft breeds is described. Modes of cutting in technological processes and receptions of increase of their efficiency are given. Processes of spinless division it must be carried out according to strictly regulated rules of the receiving stage quality of the processed surfaces and productivity we will. Offer special method of tension of the cutting disc. The vibration damping pad during the cutting process allows you to improve the quality of surface treatment. In stamping processes, it is invaluable to maintain the set temperature, the holding time under pressure and assign the required value of the contact pressure these external factors were identified experimentally.
INSTALLATION PROCESSING WOOD WASTE ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: Safin R. , Ziatdinova D. , Sotnikov V. , Ryabushkin D. , Gumerov D.
Published: November 2021

Activated carbon can be obtained in a variety of ways. The most promising in terms of resource conservation and economic benefits is the method of producing activated carbon from wood waste. The production of activated carbon by this method is based on the process of pyrolysis of wood waste. As a result of thermochemical processing, charcoal and pyrolysis gas are formed. Then the charcoal must undergo a high-temperature activation process, during which micropores are formed in the coal and it significantly increases its adsorption properties. The hardware design of these processes is a set of complex design and technological solutions. When designing the installation, it is necessary to carry out calculations designed to optimize the equipment and operating parameters of the processes of thermal decomposition and activation of coal, which make it possible to obtain a high-quality product. The paper describes a plant for processing wood waste into activated carbon. The processes occurring in each zone of the installation, as well as the principle of their operation, are considered in detail.
ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE CHANGE ON WOOD POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIAL
Authors: Storodubtseva Tamara , Bondarev B. , Korneeva A.
Published: November 2021

In this work the research of new wood polymeric composite material as which filler timber industry waste in the form of sawdust, shaving, spill, lumpy waste and polyethyleneterephthalate, a research of its frost resistance by means of a method of a computer experiment is used is considered. A computer program has been developed to simulate the structure and physical properties of building blocks made of wood polymer composite material. The program allows you to set geometric and physical parameters of the building block and material components in the windows of the interface form in program code, as well as test conditions for cyclic heating and cooling to temperatures maximum possible during operation, and investigate the influence of parameters on the internal and surface destruction of the building block. The program is applicable for a wide range of concentrations of composite components, geometric parameters of the building block, various mechanical and thermocyclic tests. Influence of composition of wood polymer composite material on structure in thermocyclic tests is investigated. Dependencies of broken bonds on concentration of wood, cartogram of breaking bonds of wood polymer composite material with concentration of wood from 20 to 80% are obtained.
RESISTANCE TO VIBRATION OF WOOD TEMPERATURE POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIAL
Authors: Storodubtseva Tamara , Korotkaya Anna , Kitaev V.
Published: November 2021

In this work, a wood composite material is considered, which incorporates all the best properties of the known wood polymer composites: water resistance, moisture resistance, high bending strength. It was concluded that according to the criterion of resistance to temperature fluctuations, it is possible to give more complete recommendations on the optimal composition of the wood polymer composite material based on a two-factor study. To ensure comparability of optimization results for a number of other properties, a series of computer experiments was carried out according to the same plan as for the study of compression resistance, that is, the concentration of wood and at the same time the concentration of sand was changed from 10 to 50 % with a step of 10 %, respectively. The material has acquired new advantages, which do not have known analogues
– the possibility of using any wood waste, higher strength due to the content of sand in the composition, cheaper production due to the fact that most of the components of the material are household and wood waste, namely waste from the woodworking and forestry industries in the form of chips, sawdust, chips, lump waste, as well as sand, which is a publicly available and inexpensive material.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF CONIFEROUS TREES
Authors: Tomenko D. , Aksenov E. , Novikova Lyudmila
Published: November 2021

The paper discusses the classification, structure and properties of natural phenolic compounds found in conifers wood species of Russia. The reasons for the variety of detected phenolic compounds (more than 2000) are considered, including the type and conditions of plant growth, environmental factors, as well as methods for extraction of substances. Coniferous extractives include monomeric, dimeric and polymeric phenolic compounds in bound and free form, and their content differs significantly for various species and parts of a woody plant. Depending on the polarity of the solvent used (water, petroleum ether, dimethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, etc.), the yield, chemical composition and structure of the extracted phenolic compound change. It was shown that bark extracts of Larch and Fir contain the most phenolic acids and extractive substances than Pine, Cedar and Spruce, while the content of polar substances is higher in needles, and non- polar substances in plant shoots. Phenolic compounds are secondary plant metabolites, exhibiting fungicidal, virucidal and strong antioxidant effects, that make them a valuable basis for the creation of drugs.
REGULATORY AND INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR DESIGN AND OPERATION OF ASPIRATION SYSTEMS IN WOODWORKING
Authors: Trofimov S.
Published: November 2021

The report reflects the results of the analysis of the state of technical regulation of the design and operation of aspiration systems in woodworking, the presence of problems in ensuring their functional, energy efficiency and safety, the practice of training technical personnel and engineering personnel. The information on the direction of research of the properties of crushed wood, the operation of equipment, the development of technical regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Belarus, the implementation of the results in the educational process. National, foreign regulatory and technical documents and sources of information, materials of conferences held abroad were used.
STADY OF SURFACE TENSION OF MODIFIED WOOD
Authors: Khodosova Nataliya , Dmitrenkov A. , Zayats V.
Published: November 2021

The study of the surface tension of wood of various tree species impregnated with used sunflower oil was carried out. Samples of birch, pine and linden wood were used for oil treatment. Impregnation of wood materials was carried out by the method of “hot-cold baths”. As an impregnating material, used refined fryer oil was used. In more detail, the paper examines the effect of an impregnating composition based on used fryer oil, with a filler and a desiccant on birch wood. Wood flour of coniferous wood species and a metal salt-based drier were used as a filler. The surface tension for all images was determined by the edge angle of wetting. For this purpose, the method of a liquid drop on the surface of a solid body was used. It was found that the impregnation of untreated wood with deep-frying oil leads to an increase in the surface tension on all samples, to a greater extent this is typical for pine wood. The introduction of a 1% siccative in the impregnating composition together with wood flour reduces the drying time and improves the water-repellent properties of birch wood.
OPTIONS FOR SOLVING MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Authors: Albrecht A. , Litvinova L.
Published: November 2021

The article is about vital environmental problems and ways to tackle them. Our responsibilty towards nature and the earth, towards the world we live in as well as towards our descendants makes the society to use environmental brainstorming. It may include the number of the newest trends. They are 1. Recycling for its results are impressive; 2. «green» technologies such as resource saving, less consuming technologies; 3. Changing our mind to be eco-friendly, i.e. fashionable and beneficial both; 4. Transparent environmental policy; 5. Using the newest agricultural technologies to solve the environmental problems — to restore minerals, to increase biomass etc.; 6. Alternative energy as a nice choice; 7. Changing our mind to be eco- responsible. These are the tasks we are to brainstorm and to tackle.
PROSPECTS OF MENTORING AS A FORM OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE TIMBER INDUSTRY
Authors: Azarova Natalia , Opara M.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the problems associated with personnel problems in the timber industry complex. Efficient companies in the timber industry complex consider mentoring as a form of improving the quality of human capital. This tendency is especially evident in those regions where timber companies play a dominant role. The aim of mentoring is to train a specialist who meets the requirements for his/her quality and competence on the part of enterprises, organizations of the region and the Russian Federation. It is impossible to train a modern specialist in isolation from real production conditions – professional practice. That is why the authors defined the mission of mentors in a modern organization, identified the stages of training under the guidance of a mentor in the enterprises of timber industry complex. The authors proposed options for staff development. Learning of the system, directions of mentoring, assistance, assistance in getting the job tempo and rhythm, mastering of job tasks and duties, acquiring of practical knowledge and skills, social-psychological adaptation in a team, adaptation to corporate culture, learning of traditions and rules of conduct in the enterprise – all these are the main aims of mentoring organization as a source of quality human capital improvement in timber industry enterprises. Thus, a mentor not only explains production technology and introduces equipment, but also helps a newcomer to join the team, get acquainted with masters and managers and the company’s culture.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ETHYMOLOGICAL FACTOR IN THE ENGLISH TEACHING PROCESS OF THE STUDENTS AT A TECHNICAL FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Authors: Gridnev Yu. , Maklakova Elena
Published: November 2021

For a deep understanding of special terminology, it is not enough to find Russian correspondences of terms in the English-Russian dictionary. It is important not only to know what a particular term is called in Russian, but also to understand why it is called that. And for this you need to know what its constituent components are. If you know, for example, the meaning of a suffix or a prefix, then the meaning of not only this term, but also a number of other terms ending with the same suffix or beginning with the same prefix, becomes clearer. The question of the origin of technical or scientific terms is of great importance in the process of teaching a foreign language. Knowing the meaning of morpheme terms in source languages provides a clue to understanding modern terminology, because the languages of ancient Greece and Rome form the basis of Western languages. To explore the structure of a term, it is important to remember the difference between root and stem. The root is the common origin of all words of the same family, and the stem is the direct origin of a part of words, i.e. one branch of a given word family. The root is shorter and less complex than the stem; the root is primary, the base is secondary. The meaning of the roots of the English language should be studied in ancient Greek and Latin, from where a significant part of the components of the structure of English technical terminology is borrowed. The etymological understanding of the peculiarities of the terminological structure is intended to make it easier and more interesting for students to read and translate special texts.
ON THE ISSUE OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT IN THE FORESTRY OF RUSSIA
Authors: Tretyakov A. , Morkovina Svetlana
Published: November 2021

The article considers the system of public management in the forestry of Russia. The dynamics of payment for the use of forests as a key indicator of the effectiveness of public forest management is considered. It is shown that despite the increase in the income of forestry as a whole, a low-efficient forest management system remains, which indicates the need to modernize the system of public forest management with the involvement of qualitative indicators. The necessity of transformation of public forest management and the formation of an effective management structure of the industry, which is inextricably linked with the redistribution of powers and responsibilities between the center and the subjects of the Russian Federation, is determined.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF WATER TRANSPORT OF THE FOREST TO INCREASE THE HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE RAFT
Authors: Manukovskiy Andrey , Rubanov A , Nedovesov N.
Published: November 2021

Of all the known modern types of water transport of the forest, the most promising is timber rafting, which, when used, has both positive and negative properties. Negative indicators include such indicators as: seasonality of work, since use in the winter period is impossible, loss of wood when unloading logs onto water and a raft, large dimensions, complexity of management, the need to unload a raft when unloading it. Passes through non-standard sections of the river bed and subsequent formations, special requirements for the dimensions of the waterway, speed limits and others.
One of the most acute problems caused by huge hydrodynamic resistance to movement, which increases with an increase in towing speed, is the limitation of the speed of movement of the raft in the water area. In this regard, the maximum speed of the raft in calm weather reaches no more than 1 1.2 m
/ s, while two or more powerful tugs are involved.
The limited time frame for rafting on wooden rafts is due to the flood period during the spring floods and floods, and they have fallen on hard times. Increasing the raft’s allowable towing speed will shorten the raft’s transport time. A decrease in hydrodynamic resistance when the raft is moving will increase the maximum allowable speed of its towing, which will have a positive effect on the efficiency of timber rafting.
Based on the analysis of existing known designs of modern rafts, as well as methods of influencing the reduction of hydrodynamic resistance in the field of shipbuilding, a number of methods have been proposed for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance to the movement of the raft. Methods of reducing the resistance to the movement of the raft by changing the features of its formation by placing separate sections or beams in the streamlined material, the introduction of hydrodynamic fairings are considered. The proposed methods for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance can significantly increase the efficiency of timber rafting.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CORRECTING THE DEGREE OF DISTRIBUTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF VEGETATION REMOVAL FROM THE TERRITORIES OF LINEAR INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES
Authors: Platonov A.
Published: November 2021

With the maintenance of transport networks in proper condition, the problem of removing unwanted tree and shrub vegetation continues to be relevant. Work on cleaning the territories of the relevant infrastructure facilities from undesirable vegetation can be performed both manually and mechanically with the involvement of various machines, mechanisms and equipment. Considering that at present, when removing unwanted tree and shrub vegetation from the territories of linear infrastructure facilities, a total of more than 50 technological processes are used, the purpose of the study was to identify the possibility of adjusting the degree of their prevalence by types of infrastructure facilities. The article provides a formula for establishing the degree of prevalence of the technological process of removing vegetation along linear infrastructural objects, the distribution of the specified degree by the sites of impact on unwanted vegetation is presented, the content of the corresponding technological processes is disclosed, recommendations are proposed for adjusting the degree of prevalence of technological processes for removing vegetation from the territories of linear infrastructure facilities. The results of the study can be used by industrial enterprises performing work to maintain the territory of transport infrastructure facilities in a standard condition.