bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative cellular organelle damage caused by Wuhan and Delta strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Khaneja Poorna , Angel Annette , Joshi et al. Vinod
Published: October 2024

The third deadliest respiratory viral infection after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS) appeared as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. During the course of its pandemic travel, SARS-Co-V-2 has also modified itself from one to other genotype with specific clinical severities associated with its infection. While the original strain, Wuhan was considered to cause severe pneumonia, and Respiratory distress like conditions, the Delta strain was attributed to increased transmission rate and spread. This highlight the necessity to study the cellular level happenings in order to understand the cellular causality caused by these different strains such that treatment and prevention strategies can be modified accordingly. Present study highlights the same during Electron microscopy imaging done. The Vero cell lines were inoculated with different strains of SARS-CoV-2 virus such as Wuhan and Delta and further submitted to Electron microscopic analysis. The study highlight gross modifications and changes that appeared in Delta infected strain in-vitro within Vero cell lines compared to the Wuhan infected cells. Also numerically more virions were transported out of the cell in Delta infection which clearly explain the reason of high transmission capacity despite cellular exacerbations. We infer enhanced intracellular transport of Delta strain comparatively as the cause of high casualty irrespective of mass vaccinations going on during the time of its existence.
Artificial intelligence in traumatology
Authors: Breu Rosmarie , Avelar Carolina , Bertalan Zsolt , Grillari Johannes , Redl Heinz , Ljuhar Richard , Quadlbauer Stefan , Hausner Thomas
Published: October 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to create artificial intelligence (AI) software with the purpose of providing a second opinion to physicians to support distal radius fracture (DRF) detection, and to compare the accuracy of fracture detection of physicians with and without software support.

Methods

The dataset consisted of 26,121 anonymized anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral standard view radiographs of the wrist, with and without DRF. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model was trained to detect the presence of a DRF by comparing the radiographs containing a fracture to the inconspicuous ones. A total of 11 physicians (six surgeons in training and five hand surgeons) assessed 200 pairs of randomly selected digital radiographs of the wrist (AP and lateral) for the presence of a DRF. The same images were first evaluated without, and then with, the support of the CNN model, and the diagnostic accuracy of the two methods was compared.

Results

At the time of the study, the CNN model showed an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.97. AI assistance improved the physician’s sensitivity (correct fracture detection) from 80% to 87%, and the specificity (correct fracture exclusion) from 91% to 95%. The overall error rate (combined false positive and false negative) was reduced from 14% without AI to 9% with AI.

Conclusion

The use of a CNN model as a second opinion can improve the diagnostic accuracy of DRF detection in the study setting.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(10):588–595.
William Wells Brown and the Form of Unfreedom
Authors: Truschel Jack
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This essay calls for renewed attention to William Wells Brown’s final and least-read book, My Southern Home; or, The South and Its People (1880). Although the narrative’s disjointed form, troubling politics, and plagiaristic tendencies have long frustrated critics, I argue that Brown’s patchwork of genres and source-texts represents a formal orientation toward history. As the narrative’s episodes migrate from their original (unattributed) sources into My Southern Home , their persistence highlights the layered temporality of postbellum Black life, what Saidiya Hartman terms the “nonevent of emancipation.” Less a physical place than an expression of historical desire, Brown’s Southern Home captures the incoherence of the Southern past through literary form.
“& I’m still moving”: Pat Parker’s “Movement in Black” and the Joy of Black Lesbian Movement
Authors: Shaw J. Brendan
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The 1970s and ’80s were a fertile period for lesbian feminist cultural production, including pivotal work by Black lesbian poets and writers now considered classics of feminist and queer theory. This essay focuses on Black lesbian poet Pat Parker and argues that her signature 1978 work, “Movement in Black,” demonstrates an alternative Black lesbian temporality, one in which embodied practices of belonging allow for a shared experience of joy and pleasure with those in past and future social moments. “Movement in Black” achieves this through its textual insistence on placing Black lesbians or dykes in their rightful places in historical memory and tying this broader historical sweep to the equal importance of smaller intimate gestures.
The Shape and Shaping of Isaiah and Psalms as Books in the Zion Tradition
Authors: Abernethy Andrew
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article identifies parallels between methods and conceptual impulses that informed the shape and shaping of MT Psalms and MT Isaiah as books. For the past fifty years, there has been abundant interest in the macrostructures of the Psalter (MT) and Isaiah, yet inquiry into the shape and shaping of these two books has taken place in isolation from one another. When compared, there is striking overlap between the shapes of MT Psalms and MT Isaiah. In this article, I show similarities between Psalms and Isaiah in terms of both editorial methods (dual introductions; central hinges) and semantic emphases (torah observance; the nations; divine kingship in Zion; worship) that give shape to each book. Consequently, scholarship can move beyond simply acknowledging commonality between individual texts in the Psalter and Isaiah. A remarkable level of similarity between Psalms and Isaiah as books exposes how a common set of theological instincts from the Zion tradition informed how these books took form.
Holy, Wholly, Holey: Ecclesiastes 4:17–5:6 in Text and Tradition
Authors: Hankins Davis , Breed Brennan
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This interpretation of Eccl 4:17–5:6 (Eng. 5:1–7) challenges a common scholarly conclusion––that Qoheleth emphasizes divine transcendence. Qoheleth’s articulation of divine transcendence may initially seem clear: “God is in the heavens and you are on the earth” (5:1). But this statement appears within a tightly structured passage that focuses squarely on human attempts to relate to God and various problems that beset such attempts. We offer a novel formal analysis of this pericope, demonstrating that it describes the religious consequences of the distance that separates what people say from what they do. This distance between human words and human deeds underlies Qoheleth’s counsel against certain rituals and religious practices, as well as his commendation at the end of the passage to “fear God,” and thus may be understood as the distance between earth and heaven that Qoheleth asserts in 5:1. In this passage’s reception history, we find three distinct interpretative trajectories, which we indicate with the three homonyms in the title. Some interpretations affirm God’s heavenly, holy transcendence, whereas others, perhaps surprisingly, view this text as affirming God’s immanence on earth. A third interpretation considers instead the limits and fractures of human life on earth as manifestations of the heavenly divine. While most interpretations of this passage align with the first or second readings, we argue that the third trajectory aligns most closely with Qoheleth’s teachings.
Prophetic Authority and Scribal Anxiety in the Late Second Temple Period
Authors: Nati James
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Both the Book of Daniel and the pesher to Habakkuk from Qumran show, in different ways, a sense of scribal anxiety. This anxiety stems from the fact that the scribes who authored these works in the late Second Temple period had to contend with the instability of language, a feature of texts that for them cut two ways. On the one hand, it allowed them to transform the traditions of their past in new ways that made these traditions present; on the other, it opened up the possibility that these transformations would be superseded in the future. That this possibility of erasure is inherent in interpretation, the very thing that undergirds the scribal enterprise, created for these authors a sense of anxiety around their craft.
Participation in Christ: Reasoning (Romans 15:5) and the Form of the Body (Philippians 3:21)
Authors: Hagerman Justin
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The topic of participation in Christ has remained a distinctive area in Pauline scholarship throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Scholars have raised a pressing critique, however, that “participation” has become a vague concept such that its use for exegesis of Paul is limited. This recent critique resembles E. P. Sanders’s earlier concern in the late 1970s that scholars appear to lack a category of “reality” that corresponds to Paul’s experience of participating in Christ. In light of this problem, I argue that the interpretive category of participation can be expanded further without losing its coherence. To develop this argument, I first chart a history of scholarship by focusing on participatory motifs that scholars have recently identified. Then, in the following sections, I analyze two motifs that have not been sufficiently integrated into this research on participation: (1) reasoning in accordance with Christ in Rom 15:5; (2) the form of the body conformed to Christ’s glorified body in Phil 3:21. Finally, I discuss the conceptual linkage between these two Pauline passages. In conclusion, these two motifs will allow scholarship to move toward more nuanced perspectives on how Paul envisions participation in Christ.
Simultaneous detection of soot, temperature, and C2H2 in laminar premixed flames using a multi-pass diode laser absorption spectrometer
Authors: Huang Wenjian , Gao Guangzhen , Zhang Mingke , Ruan Shujing , Cai Tingdong
Published: October 2024

We report the development of a multi-pass diode laser absorption spectroscopy system for simultaneous measurements of soot volume fraction (SVF), temperature, and C2H2 concentration using a single diode laser near 1.543 µm. A line-shaped beam spot pattern is chosen for the open-path Herriott multi-pass cavity, enabling sensitive detection at various heights above the burner with an effective optical absorption path length of approximately 1.2 m in a 6 cm diameter flame region. The gas parameters (temperature and C2H2 concentration) and the SVF are determined from the absorption spectra of the target C2H2 line pair and the laser extinction of the soot, which can be extracted from the detected signal, respectively. The performance of the system was confirmed in laminar premixed ethylene and air (C2H4/air) sooting flames produced by a standard bronze plug McKenna burner at four representative equivalence ratios. All the measurement results were compared with the two-dimensional (2D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using a skeletal mechanism with the Moss−Brookes model. The good quantitative and qualitative agreement between the TDLAS measurements and 2D CFD simulations confirms the powerful capability of the developed system.
Measurement and analysis of photoacoustic pressure induced by weak microsecond pulsed light
Authors: Zeng Ming , Tian Lan , Xu Jingjing , Zhen Zhen , Bai Shuzhong , Lu Xiaoshan
Published: October 2024

The photoacoustic effect (PAE) of weak microsecond pulsed light (WMPL) has immense potential for application to biomedical engineering. However, practical measurements and theoretical analysis of the photoacoustic pressure of WMPL are lacking. Hence, we constructed a WMPL photoacoustic pressure measurement system using an electret piezoelectric sensor and multi-wavelength parameter-adjustable pulsed light generator. Based on the system, the photoacoustic pressure interacting with the air medium induced by the WMPL with different optical parameters was measured. The measured pressure data were analyzed using the fixed variable method, and the pressure response characteristic was obtained. It was found that the measured results conform to the law of energy conversion but have a specific trend for some wavelengths. The analysis and discussion were conducted based on the classical wave equation of the PAE, and the extended wave equation was presented. It is shown that the proposed approach provides a reliable basis for the measurement and analysis of WMPL photoacoustic pressure.
Two-step Fourier single-pixel imaging for secure and efficient hidden information transmission
Authors: Wang Zihao , Wen Yongan , Ma Yu , Tian Yilin , Cui Yanzhao , Peng Wei , Wang Feifei , Lu Yang
Published: October 2024

In the rapidly evolving field of optical information security, single-pixel imaging (SPI) has emerged as a promising technique for hidden information transmission. However, traditional SPI methods face significant challenges, including the need for excessive modulation patterns and the vulnerability of encrypted information during transmission. Furthermore, the field lacks efficient methods to reconstruct both plaintext and ciphertext images from the same set of single-pixel measurements. Here, we propose a novel and efficient encryption strategy for Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSPI) that addresses these critical challenges. Our approach integrates two key innovations: a two-step Fourier-total variation conjugate gradient descent (F-TVCGD) method and a dual-key decryption mechanism. The F-TVCGD method significantly reduces the number of modulation patterns required for image reconstruction, enhancing efficiency and minimizing data redundancy. Our dual-key mechanism enables the reconstruction of both plaintext and ciphertext images from a single set of single-pixel measurements using different decryption keys, significantly enhancing security without compromising efficiency. The incorporation of Fourier symmetric patterns improves the convergence robustness of the symmetric gradient descent (SGD) algorithm, leading to superior performance under challenging conditions such as sparse sampling and noise attacks. Numerical simulations and optical experiments validate our method's improvements in both accuracy and security compared to traditional approaches. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed F-TVCGD and SGD strategies effectively address the challenges of excessive modulation patterns and information vulnerability in FSPI.
Advanced design and Engi-economical evaluation of an automatic sugarcane seed cutting machine based RGB color sensor
Authors: Elwakeel Abdallah Elshawadfy , Nasrat Loai S. , Badawy Mohamed Elshahat , Elzein I. M. , Mahmoud Mohamed Metwally , Kitmo  , Hussein Mahmoud M. , Hussein Hany S. , El-Messery Tamer M. , Nyambe Claude , Elsayed Salah , Ourapi Manar A.
Published: October 2024

There are many problems related to the use of machine learning and machine vision technology on a commercial scale for cutting sugarcane seeds. These obstacles are related to complex systems and the way the farmers operate them, the possibility of damage to the buds during the cleaning process, and the high cost of such technology. In order to address these issues, a set of RGB color sensors was used to develop an automated sugarcane seed cutting machine (ASSCM) capable of identifying the buds that had been manually marked with a unique color and then cutting them mechanically, and the sugarcane seed exit chute was provided with a sugarcane seed monitoring unit. The machine’s performance was evaluated by measuring the damage index at sugarcane stalk diameters of 2.03, 2.72, 3.42, and 3.94 cm. where two different types of rotary saw knives had the same diameter of 7.0 in/180 mm the two knives had 30 and 80 teeth, also we used five cutting times of 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 ms. All tests were done at a fixed cutting speed of 12000 rpm. In addition, the machine’s performance was evaluated by conducting an economic analysis. The obtained results showed that the most damage index values were less than 0.00 for all cutting times and sugarcane stalk diameters under testing, while the DI values were equal zero (partial damage) for sugarcane stalk diameter of 3.42 cm at cutting times of 2000 ms and 2500 ms, in addition to the DI values being equal zero (extreme damage) for sugarcane stalk diameter of 3.94 cm at cutting times of 1500 ms and 2000 ms. The economic analysis showed that the total cost of sugarcane seeds per hectare is 70.865 USD. In addition, the ASSCM can pay for itself in a short period of time. The payback time is 0.536 years, which means that the ASSCM will save enough money to pay for itself in about 6.43 months. Finally, we suggest using a rotary saw knife with 80 teeth and a cutting time of 2000 ms to cut sugarcane stacks with an average diameter of 2.72 cm. This will result in higher performance and lower operating costs for the ASSCM.
Digital technology application on corporate internationalization: Co-moderating effect of centralizing decision power and internationalization experience
Authors: Li Chunhao , Yin Jiaqi , Li Shengxiao , Zhou Hongyong
Published: October 2024

Digital technologies are a significant additional powerhouse for corporate internationalization and competitiveness. The existing research has not effectively distinguished the breadth and depth of internationalization, and there are also inadequate context considerations of how much digital technology applications influence enterprise internationalization. To bridge this gap, this paper has selected 203 valid questionnaires from manufacturing enterprises in Zhejiang Province, China, then elaborates and constructs a theoretical model based on existing studies, and using multiple linear regression analysis, finally to empirically assess and further explain the mechanisms of digital technologies’ influence on corporate internationalization. The results reveal that utilizing digital technologies has positive influence on both internationalization breadth and depth. Moreover, centralizing decision power negatively moderates the relationship between enterprises’ digital applications and their internationalization breadth (or depth), while internationalization experience has opposite influence, with these two factors jointly moderating such relationship. Finally, this research can contribute to better understanding of leveraging digital technologies to upgrade corporate internationalization and provides reasonable theoretical insights for enhancing deeper and more diversified enterprise internationalization.
Integrated metagenomic and metabonomic mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of Duhuo Jisheng decoction on intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Song Chao , Liu Fei , Mei Yongliang , Cai Weiye , Cheng Kang , Guo Daru , Liu Yong , Shi Houyin , Duan Dayue Darrel , Liu Zongchao
Published: October 2024

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent orthopedic condition with lower back pain as the predominant clinical presentation that challenges clinical treatment with few therapeutic options. Duhuo Jisheng Decoction (DHJSD) has been proven effective in the therapy of IVDD, but the precise underlying mechanisms remain not fully elucidated. The current study was designed to test our hypothesis that DHJSD may systematically correct the phenotypic disruption of the gut microbiota and changes in the serum metabolome linked to IVDD. Analysis of the active ingredients of DHJSD by ultra high performance liquid chromatography. An integrated metagenomic and metabonomic approach was used to analyze feces and blood samples from normal and IVDD rats. Compared to the control group, fiber ring pinning on the caudal 3 to caudal 5 segments of the rats caused IVDD and significantly altered the compositions of the intestinal microbiota and serum metabolites. Integrated analysis revealed commonly-altered metabolic pathways shared by both intestinal microbiota and serum metabolome of the IVDD rats. DHJSD inhibited the degenerative process and restored the compositions of the perturbed gut microbiota, particularly the relative abundance of commensal microbes of the Prevotellaceae family. DHJSD also corrected the altered metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of glycine, serine, threonine, valine, the citric acid cycle, and biosynthesis of leucine and isoleucine. DHJSD inhibited the disc degeneration process by an integrated metagenomic and metabonomic mechanism to restore the microbiome profile and normalize the metabonomic pathways.
Establishment of a tumor-associated fibroblast associated gene score based on scRNA-seq to predict prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Yu Hao , Peng Ziqi , Li Xing , Zhang Yiqi
Published: October 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is emerging as a tool for the development of improved patient prognosis and the development of novel antitumor drugs. As the most important stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the development of TNBC. The rise of single-cell sequencing technology has facilitated our study of the various cell types in TME. In this study, we interpreted the heterogeneity of TNBCs from the perspective of tumor-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment based on the TNBC single-cell sequencing dataset GSE118389, in the hope of providing help for individualised treatment. Combining the TCGA database and the GSE103091 dataset, four genes associated with CAFs in TNBC (CERCAM, KLF10, ECM1,HGF) were identified using the R package Seurat as well as correlation consensus clustering analysis. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR, WB and IHC experiments confirmed their expression in TNBC. Based on these genes, CAFs Score was established and validated to correlate with the prognosis of patients with TNBC, with patients in the high score group surviving significantly worse than those in the low score group (P<0.001). In addition, there were significant differences in immune cell infiltration and expression of immune checkpoints between the high and low scoring groups. Compared to Stage I & II, the CAFs Score was higher in Stage III & IV TNBC patients (P = 0.043) and higher in N1-3 TNBC patients than in N0 TNBC patients (P = 0.035). EMT scores were higher within the high CAFs Score group (P = 1.4e-11) and there was a positive correlation between Stemness Score and CAFs Score (R = 0.61, P = 3.6e-09). Drug sensitivity analysis combining the GSE128099 showed a higher sensitivity to Gemcitabine in the low CAFs Score group (P = 0.0048). We speculate that these four CAFs-related genes are likely to be involved in regulating gemcitabine resistance in TNBC patients.
Exploring canine olfactory generalization using odor profile fractions from native crude oils
Authors: Karpinsky Michelle , Lopez Daniel , Campues Erik , Bunker Paul , Vaughan Stephanie R. , Holness Howard K. , Furton Kenneth G. , DeGreeff Lauryn E.
Published: October 2024

Canines are used by both government agencies and industries for their keen olfactory capability as well as selectivity, reliability, versatility, and speed. Within the last decade, canines have been used for the detection of on-shore crude oil. They were previously shown to find these deposits with high accuracy, providing increased confidence with little risk to oil spill response survey teams. In order to efficiently train canines, it is important to understand the odorants or groups of odorants that such canines use when locating subsurface crude oil deposits, as well as track how the odorant profile changes as the crude oil undergoes degradation. In this study, headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was used in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to extract and separate odorants from the headspace of various crude oils. After, eluent fractions of the crude oil odor profile were separated and collected onto sorbent materials, which were then used as canine testing probes in a series of trials. These probes, along with negative and positive controls were presented to three previously-trained and operational crude oil detection canines. Three eluent fractions of both fresh and weathered samples were presented, resulting in a 100% response rate from the canines on all three fractions from both the fresh and weathered samples. These results indicated that canines are capable of detecting crude oil from any fraction of the odor profile demonstrating the potential of the canines to generalize across a variety of crude oils and stages of weathering.
Detection and molecular typing of epidemic Brucella strains among camels, sheep, and cattle in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Xingxing Liu , Shi Guangzhen , Li Lidan , Zhang Rui , Qiao Jun
Published: October 2024

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that can result in symptoms including infertility, abortion, testicular inflammation, and arthritis in affected sheep and cattle. The disease can spread through a range of mechanisms, making outbreaks difficult to control such that affected farms often suffer severe economic losses. In addition, humans can be affected by brucellosis, and the number of cases continues to rise annually. As rates of brucellosis in Xinjiang, China have been increasing substantially in recent years, this study was developed to assess brucellosis seroprevalence among herds of cattle, sheep, and camels in Xinjiang through the use of common diagnostic procedures like the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and PCR. A cross-sectional approach was used to analyze the seroprevalence of brucellosis across 720 total farm animals (320 camels, 250 sheep, and 150 cattle). RBT incidence rate for brucellosis was detected in 60 serum samples, 14 (4.38%) from camels, 45 (18%) from sheep, and 1 (0.67%) from cattle. PCR was performed as a confirmatory approach for these RBT-positive samples, with 55 ultimately being confirmed to be positive 13 (4.06%), 41 (16.4%), and 1 (0.67%) samples from camels, sheep, and cattle, respectively. In this survey, sheep exhibited the highest brucellosis seroprevalence using these two analytical techniques, while cattle exhibited the lowest seroprevalence and camels exhibited an intermediate rate. AMOS-PCR analyses identified Brucella melitensis as the unknown bacterium in some of these samples. These results offer new insight regarding brucellosis seroprevalence among farm animals that can be used to formulate more appropriate prevention and control policies, while also improving awareness of epidemic prevention efforts, the need for routine quarantine and disinfection, the benefits of scientific breeding and management, and approaches to improving breeding efficiency for the camel, cattle, and sheep industries.
Improving laboratory turnaround times in clinical settings: A systematic review of the impact of lean methodology application
Authors: Cherie Negesse , Berta Dereje Mengesha , Tamir Mebratu , Yiheyis Zufan , Angelo Abiy Ayele , Mekuanint Tarekegn Amare , Chane Elias , Nigus Mesele , Teketelew Bisrat Birke
Published: October 2024

Background

Lean methodology, originally developed in the manufacturing sector, is a process management philosophy focused on maximizing value by eliminating waste. Its application in laboratory settings, particularly concerning laboratory turnaround times (TAT), involves a systematic approach to identifying inefficiencies and optimizing processes to enhance value for end customers.

Methods

This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO with identification number (CRD42024552350) and reported based on the 2020 PRISMA checklist. An extensive search strategy was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases and gray literatures. Advanced searching was used using Boolean operators (AND & OR). After articles were exported to endnote x8, duplications were removed and articles were selected based on titles, abstracts, and full texts. The illegibility of the articles was independently assessed by the three authors (NC, DMB, and BBT), and the disagreements were settled through scientific consensus. Methodological quality was assessed using JBI critical appraisal checklist.

Discussion

In this review, electronic databases search yielded 1261 articles, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria. The review demonstrated, implementation of lean principle into the routine laboratory testing had an overall impact 76.1% on reducing laboratory TAT. Transportation, manual data processing, inefficient workflow, and the heavy workload were identified as the main wasteful procedures. To eliminate these non-value-added steps, several intervention techniques were implemented, including the use of a barcoding system, process redesign, workflow optimization, hiring additional staff, and relocating the sample collection room closer to the result distribution center. Lean implementation is crucial in the medical laboratory industry for optimizing processes, reducing TAT, and ultimately enhancing customer satisfaction. As a result, all clinical laboratories should adopt and implement lean principles in their routine testing processes. The medical laboratory industry should also proactively look for and apply lean tools, provide ongoing training, and foster awareness among laboratory staffs.
Mänty, kuusi, raudus- ja hieskoivu kivennäismaa- ja turvepeltojen metsityksessä – puuntuotos, hiilensidonta ja yksityistaloudellinen kannattavuus
Authors:   Luonnonvarakeskus (Luke), Tuotantojärjestelmät, Kokkola, Jylhä Paula , Huuskonen Saija , Ahtikoski Anssi , Hytönen Jyrki , Aro Lasse
Published: October 2024

Peltojen metsitystä alettiin tukea Suomessa 1970-luvun alussa, jolloin tavoitteena oli vähentää maataloustuotantoa. Vuosina 2021–2023 voimassa olleella metsitystukilainsäädännöllä edistettiin hiilensidontaa metsittämällä maataloustuotannosta jo poistuneita peltoja ja muita joutoalueita. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin puuntuotosta, metsityksen kannattavuutta ja hiilensidontaa männyllä ja kuusella sekä raudus- ja hieskoivulla 1990-luvun alussa perustetuilta, onnistuneiksi arvioiduilta pellonmetsityskokeilta kerätyn aineiston avulla. 29–30-vuotiaina mitattujen puustojen jatkokehitystä ennustettiin Motti-ohjelmistolla, ja kannattavuuden mittarina käytettiin paljaan maan arvoa (PMA). Kuusella mitattiin suurin puuntuotos. Sen keskimääräinen vuotuinen tilavuuskasvu oli kivennäismaalla 9,1 m3 ha-1 ja turvemaalla 7,7 m3 ha-1. Männyllä vastaavat tuotokset olivat 7,6 ja 7,1 m3 ha-1 a-1; rauduskoivulla 8,1 ja 7,1 m3 ha-1 a-1 ja hieskoivulla 6,7 ja 7,1 m3 ha-1 a-1. PMA oli kuusella ilman metsitystukea 3 %:n korkokannalla kivennäismailla noin 2 500 € ha-1 ja turvemailla 1 300 € ha-1. Metsitys oli muilla puulajeilla pääsääntöisesti kannattamatonta ilman tukea. Joutoalueiden metsitystuki olisi nostanut edellä mainitut PMA:t kuusella kivennäismailla 2-kertaiseksi ja turvemailla 2,3-kertaiseksi, ja myös rauduskoivun kasvatuksesta kivennäismailla olisi tullut kannattavaa. Hiilidioksiditonni olisi turvemailla kiertoaikana saatu kuusella sidotuksi 3,4 €:n metsitystuella (laskentakorko 3 %). Kivennäismailla metsitystuen käyttö olisi ollut kuusella ja rauduskoivulla yhtä tehokasta (tuki n. 3,7 € t-1 CO2-1). Männyllä metsitystukea olisi jouduttu käyttämään sidottua hiilidioksiditonnia kohden noin 30 % enemmän kuin kuusella sekä kivennäis- että turvemailla. Korkean puuntuotoksen, kannattavuuden ja tehokkaan hiilensidonnan perusteella pellot kannattaisi metsittää kuusella, elleivät maan ominaisuudet tai maisematekijät rajoita puulajivalintaa.
Biomass models for young planted Norway spruce and naturally regenerated silver birch, aspen and rowan trees
Authors:   Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Ounasjoentie 6, FI-96200 Rovaniemi, Finland, Repola Jaakko , Luoranen Jaana , Huuskonen Saija , Peltoniemi Mikko , Väänänen Päivi , Uotila Karri
Published: October 2024

We developed tree level biomass (dry weight) models for Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] H. Karst.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and aspen (Populus tremula L.) growing in young spruce dominated seedling stands with high mixture of broadleaves. The study material was collected from three planted Norway spruce seedling stands located on mineral soil in southern Finland. Biomass models were estimated by individual tree component (stem, living branches, foliage, stump, and roots with diameter of 2 mm) by using a multi-response approach (seemingly unrelated regression), which estimated the parameters of the sub-models (tree component) simultaneously. Even though the application and generalization of the developed models can be restricted by the limited material, they provide new information of seedling biomass allocation and more reliable biomass predictions for spruce and birch growing in young seedling stand compared with those of the commonly applied biomass models (Repola 2008, 2009) in Finland. Repola’s models (2008, 2009) tended to produce biased predictions for crown and below-ground biomasses of seedlings by allocating too much biomass to roots and too little to needle and branches. In addition, this study provides biomass models for aspen and rowan, which were not previously available.
DETER Monitoring on Non-Forest Vegetation in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Messias Cassiano Gustavo , Pinto João Felipe Sobrinho Kneipp Cerqueira , Camilotti Vagner Luis , Soler Luciana , Maurano Luis Eduardo Pinheiro , Adami Marcos , Alves Fábio Corrêa , Reis Mariane  Souza , Quadros Camila Barata , Moreira Noeli Aline Particcelli , Gusmão Luiz Henrique Almeida , Lima Thiago Carvalho de , Barradas Delmina Carla Matos , Carvalho André , Pinheiro Fábio da Conceição , Renó Vivian Fróes , Correia-Lima Deborah Lopes , Moraes Douglas Rafael Vidal de , Belluzzo Amanda Pinoti , Souza Jefferson  Jesus de , Barros Lucélia Souza de , Chrispim Eduardo Henrique Sanches , Silva Diego Moreira , Cunha Igor Perez , Matos Marlon Henrique Hetzel , Alves Gabriel Mikael Rodrigues , Teixeira Raíssa Caroline dos Santos , Rodrigues Neto Manoel Ribeiro , Moraes Dayane Rafaela Vidal de , Almeida Rodrigo de , Bastos Eduardo Felipe Marcelino , Andrade Ana Carolina Santos de , Perez Letícia Palazzi , Xaud Maristela Ramalho , Xaud Haron Abrahim Magalhães , Souza Arlesson Antonio de Almeida , Almeida Cláudio Aparecido de
Published: October 2024

In this study, we present the initial results of the pilot project applying the Near Real-Time Deforestation Detection System (DETER), initially designed for monitoring forest ecosystems (DETER Amazon), recently expanded to surveil an area of approximately 280,000 km² of non-forest natural vegetation (NF) in the Brazilian Amazon. The system issues two types of alerts: 1) NF suppression alerts, categorized into three classes (suppression with exposed soil, suppression with cultivated area, and suppression by mining) and 2) burn scars, based on an adapted methodology from DETER Amazon and images with low spatial resolution (64 m) but high temporal resolution (two or three days to assess the entire biome). The pilot project period was from August 2022 to July 2023, with a total area of suppression alerts covering 575.22 km², predominantly composed of the NF suppression class with exposed soil, and 8,036.99 km² of burn scar areas. The majority of NF suppression alerts occurred in the states of Roraima, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, and Pará. Additionally, Amazonas and Amapá stood out among the states with a higher area of burn scar alerts. Savannas were the most affected non-forest physiognomies, with 5,037 km² (6.5%) of their area impacted by suppression and fire. Comparative analysis with other monitoring systems in the Amazon demonstrated the effectiveness of DETER NF in monitoring non-forest areas in the biome.
Povos da floresta em Mato Grosso
Authors: Brito Raquel Maia de , Nora Giseli Gomes Dalla , Rossetto Onélia Carmem
Published: October 2024

O termo povos da floresta forjado por Chico Mendes traz referência aos movimentos de resistência e de defesa dos territórios contra a exploração ambiental desenfreada, explanando as consequências de um modo de colonização e posteriormente dos modelos de desenvolvimento econômico predatório efetuados no território brasileiro. Esses movimentos são compostos por povos que possuem uma relação entranhada com o ambiente em que vivem e que se manifestam em práticas de sustentabilidade e preservação ambiental. Os povos da floresta em Mato Grosso, abordados na pesquisa, referem-se à povos indígenas que buscam manter seus modos de vida ainda que estejam em constante conflito e em combate ao desmatamento e aos impactos que a expansão agrícola ocasiona em seus territórios, bem como, a busca por seus direitos à cidadania e dignidade. O objetivo da pesquisa é o de mapear as ações e conflitos, identificando os aspectos da territorialidade e classificando as formas de manifestação dos povos mediante as constantes ameaças sofridas. As ações dos povos indígenas desempenham papel fundamental para exigir que as instituições responsáveis promovam políticas públicas e apliquem o já lhes é garantido por direito, como os protocolos de consulta, para a autonomia e proteção das vidas, evitando e mitigando uma série de conflitos que afetam o ambiente diante das pressões econômicas.
Etyka nuklearnego odstraszania i racjonalność intencji warunkowych
Authors: Pustoszkin Martyna
Published: October 2024

W artykule zostanie opisany modelu Specjalnej Sytuacji Odstraszania (SSO) sformułowany przez Gregorego S. Kavkę, a rozpatrywany w kontekście normatywnej teorii decyzji. Wychodząc od analizy jednego z paradoksów odstraszania wynikającego ze wspomnianego modelu, przedstawię różne sposoby rozwiązania problemów które generuje, rozpatrując je w kontekście charakteru intencji, racjonalności, oraz moralności działań podmiotu uwikłanego w SSO. Przedstawię również propozycję rozwiązania wspomnianego paradoksu, oraz wskażę na dodatkowe czynniki wpływające na ocenę etyczną działań, przyjmowania intencji, oraz jej podtrzymywania przez racjonalnego agenta reprezentującego państwo odstraszające.
Genetic fingerprinting distinguishes pathogenic variability of asiatic citrus canker pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. citri type A
Authors: Islam Rummana , Protic Ismam Ahmed , Tushar Abu Sina Md , Hasan Mehedi , Tonny Sadia Haque , Hasan Md Hasibul , Khan Irfan , Singha Uday Rana , Sultana Ayesha , Akter Sabera , Akter Mst. Arjina , Islam Md. Rashidul
Published: October 2024

Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc), is one of the most widespread citrus disease. In this study, 54 isolates of Xcc were obtained from citrus canker-infected leaves, twigs and fruit samples collected from various citrus-growing regions in Bangladesh. These isolates were analysed through pathogenicity tests and PCR amplification. The results revealed varying levels of aggressiveness among the isolates, ranging from weak to moderate and aggressive. No correlation was found between the host plants and their geographical locations. The genetic analysis of Xanthomonas isolates from around the world revealed 100 % similarity. All the Xanthomonas isolates were grouped into 2 major clusters. DNA fingerprinting showed high genetic variability, with no correlation between hosts, geographic locations or aggressiveness levels. This information on the population diversity of the citrus canker pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc), will be valuable for developing sustainable management strategies for citrus cankers in Bangladesh and the broader Indian sub-continent region.
Green synthesis and physical characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from the methanol extract of Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. (Euphorbiaceae) with enhanced biosafe applications
Authors: Khattak Umbreen , Jan Samin , Ullah Rehman , Haq Tauheed ul , Khan Muhammad Nauman , Iqbal Majid , Kaplan Alevcan , Rehman Abdul , Elsadek Mohamed Farouk , Ajmal Ali Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. possesses significant biological potential due to its rich bioactive compounds. To enhance this potential, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using the methanolic extract of E. dracunculoides, exploiting ZnO NPs’ superior physiochemical properties and bioavailability. The synthesis of ZnO NPs was confirmed through UV–Vis spectroscopy (with an absorption maximum at 368 nm), X-ray diffraction (crystalline nature), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (functional groups involved in Zn²⁺ reduction), scanning electron microscopy (rod-shaped and triangular morphologies, average size 79 nm), and EDX (presence of Zn and O). The ED-ZnO NPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against U87 cells (IC50: 229.51 µg·mL−1) and anti-leishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica promastigotes (IC50: 9.11 µg·mL−1). Additionally, in vivo studies demonstrated significant antihyperlipidemic effects, with decreased cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels, and increased high-density lipoprotein levels. ED-ZnO NPs also normalized alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, and glucose levels compared to controls. Overall, ED-ZnO NPs effectively enhance the bioactive compounds’ efficacy in treating various disorders.
Thermodynamic modeling of stacking fault energy in Fe–Mn–C austenitic steels
Authors: Yang Xinlong , Lan Peng
Published: October 2024

A thermodynamic model to predict the stacking fault energy (SFE) of Fe–Mn and Fe–Mn–C austenite steels based on the two-sublattice method has been developed. The calculated Gibbs free energy change, phase transformation temperature, and SFE are basically coincident with the experiment values. The interfacial energy during face center cubic to hexagonal close packed transformation was determined by a parabolic function of Gibbs free energy change in the concerned systems. The interstitial segregation and the resulting SFE in Fe–Mn–C steels have been clearly revealed. The carbon segregated concentration in the stacking faults is in good agreement with the measured value. Low SFE regions were observed to be located at 12 wt% manganese in the Fe–Mn binary system and at 14 wt% manganese in the Fe–Mn–C ternary system, respectively. The carbon- and manganese-dependent SFE maps were consequentially plotted under different temperatures and grain sizes. For the steels with manganese and carbon range between 10–30 and 0–1.2 wt%, the SFE increases monotonously with temperature increasing. The SFE of Fe–Mn–C steels decreases as grain size increases from 1 to 70 μm. However, for the alloys with more coarse-grained structures, the SFE sensitivity to grain size was not obvious.
Social Capital Inside Out: An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Between Organizational Social Capital and Communal Social Capital in Public Organizations
Authors: Hashavia-Tzuri Sefit , Vigoda-Gadot Eran , Hefetz Amir
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effect of organizational social capital (OSC) in non-profit organizations on communal social capital (CSC) in the communities where these organizations operate. The study has two goals: First, to theoretically establish rational for the relationship between internal organizational social capital (IOSC) and external organizational social capital (EOSC), especially with relation to public administration agencies in liberal democracies where social capital plays a major role in public policy. Second, to empirically analyze the reciprocal relationship between EOSC, CSC, and IOSC which constitutes an important product of the optimal public administration model in modern nations. A theoretical model was developed to study these relations and suggest several hypotheses. The field study was conducted in 72 community centers operated by the Israel Association of Community Centers. Participants were 1,015 employees (72 general managers, 501 middle managers, and 442 line employees) and 1,816 community members. The findings demonstrate partial support for the relationship between IOSC and EOSC and indicate that IOSC has a moderating influence on the relationship between the EOSC and CSC. Implications and suggestions for future studies in public organizations and their social and administrative sphere are highlighted.
Digitális transzformáció a projektmenedzsmentben - rendszerező irodalomkutatás
Authors: Szigeti Tímea , Hornyák Miklós
Published: October 2024

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
A kutatásunk célja, hogy a szisztematikus irodalomkutatás módszertanát felhasználva elemezzük a digitális transzformáció és a projektmenedzsment területén megjelent publikációkat. A kapcsolat feltárása lehetővé teszi, hogy megismerjük a téma legrelevánsabb szakirodalmait, kutatóit és a legújabb trendeket. A kutatásunkat a PRISMA elvek mentén készítettük el, amely során a cím és absztrakt megvizsgálása mellett teljes szakirodalmakat is áttekintettünk, annak érdekében, hogy a legmegfelelőbb irodalmakat válasszuk ki.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
Tanulmányunkban a projektmenedzsment és a digitalizáció területén 2018-2023 között fellelhető releváns szakirodalmakat vizsgáltuk meg a szisztematikus irodalmi áttekintés (SLR) módszerével. A Scopus és a Web of Science adatbázisok adatait elemezve vizsgáltuk az időbeli alakulást, a témák, szerzők és munkacsoportok közötti összefüggéseket, továbbá szövegbányászati témakörelemzést alkalmaztunk.
LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
Megállapítottuk, hogy a téma jelentősége kiemelkedő és a kutatói hálózatok kezdenek kialakulni, amelyek főként a digitalizációban élen járó országokhoz köthetők. A cikkekhez rendelt kulcsszavak elemzése során a “változáskezelés”, a “szervezeti változás” és az “agilitás” fogalmak előfordulása szembeötlő volt, melyet az absztraktokon alapuló szövegbányászati elemzés további, részletesebb kutatási irányokkal bővített. Az eredményként kapott 7 db témakörhöz összesen 14 db szakirodalmi forrást rendeltünk hozzá, azokat, amelyek a teljes szöveg elolvasása alapján leginkább relevánsnak bizonyultak.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
A tanulmány bemutatja, hogy a szisztematikus irodalomkutatás pontos és strukturált megközelítést biztosít, amely által megbízhatóbb és hitelesebb eredményeket kaphatunk az általunk vizsgált témakörről. Felfedezhetjük a téma kiemelkedő szerzőit, kutatóhelyeiket és nemzetközi együttműködéseiket, illetve olyan kutatási területeket, amelyekre eredetileg nem is számítottunk kapcsolódási lehetőségként. Továbbá, ismertetünk olyan vizsgálati módszereket, amelyek segítségével könnyebben feltérképezhetőek a kulcsszavak közötti kapcsolatok, mint például a hálózati térképek készítése VOSviewer programmal vagy a témakörelemzés szövegbányászati eszközökkel.