bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy in a patient with anxiety and burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Magne Hugues
Published: August 2024

Objective

To propose an alternative treatment for burning mouth syndrome (BMS).

Background

BMS is a serious condition that negatively affects the physical and emotional health of the elderly. Pharmacological interventions are not always appropriate in this population and may have significant side effects.

Materials and Methods

We present the case of an 86‐year‐old woman who has been suffering from BMS for 30 years and has been experiencing impaired quality of life, particularly sleep disturbances. Because standard pharmaceutical medications failed to alleviate the patient's pain, we proposed EMDR as an alternative therapeutic approach. Baseline measures included depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, daytime and nighttime pain and sleep quality. To anticipate anxious thoughts associated with pain, seven 45‐min EMDR sessions were conducted.

Results

Therapy resulted in reduced anxiety symptoms (−30%), improved pain control (−10% daytime, −60% nighttime) and improved sleep quality (+50%). This positive effect lasted for 4 months, and no serious negative effects were observed.

Conclusion

EMDR therapy may help older adults with BMS improve their pain and psychological management.
Glandular odontogenic cyst misdiagnosed and treated as a periapical inflammatory lesion for 6 years in an older adult
Authors: de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , Leite Vitor Augusto , de Oliveira Leandro Benetti , Louredo Brendo Vinicius Rodrigues , Penafort Paulo Victor Mendes , Alves Fábio Abreu , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Simonato Luciana Estevam , Tomo Saygo
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To document the case of a patient who underwent several endodontic treatments due to a glandular odontogenic cyst misdiagnosed as an inflammatory periapical lesion.

Background

Glandular odontogenic cysts behave more aggressively, while others have an indolent course. There is limited information on this cyst in the gerodontologic literature.

Materials and Methods

A 76‐year‐old male patient presented with an asymptomatic expansive lesion in the anterior mandible resistant to several endodontic treatments. Cone‐beam computed tomography revealed a multilocular osteolytic lesion measuring 6.0 × 4.0 cm, with cortical bone perforation.

Results

Histopathological analysis of a biopsy specimen was consistent with glandular odontogenic cyst. The patient underwent marginal mandibulectomy with preservation of the base of the mandible.

Conclusion

A strict diagnostic process is important to avoid unwanted consequences, particularly in the geriatric population.
Effects of 8‐h time‐restricted eating on energy intake, dietary composition and quality in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Bakhsh Jomanah A. , Vu My H. , Salvy Sarah Jeanne , Goran Michael I. , Vidmar Alaina P.
Published: August 2024

Background

The precise mechanisms underlying the health benefits of time‐restricted eating (TRE) are unclear, particularly in adolescents.

Objectives

This secondary analysis examines the impact of 8‐h TRE on energy intake, dietary composition and quality in adolescents with obesity, using data from a 12‐week randomized, controlled pilot trial.

Methods

Participants (14–18 years with BMI >95th percentile) were assigned to either 8‐h TRE with real‐time or blinded continuous glucose monitoring or a control group with a 12+ h eating window. Dietary intake was analysed using the Nutrient Data System Recall 24‐h Dietary Recall and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI‐2020) for assessing diet quality.

Results

The study included 44 participants (32 TRE, 12 control), predominantly female and Hispanic/Latino. The TRE group showed a significant reduction in mean energy intake (−441 kcal/day), carbohydrates (−65 g/day), added sugar (−19 g/day) and fat (−19 g/day), while the control group had a similar reduction in energy intake (−437 kcal/day) and carbohydrates (−63 g/day), but no significant changes in added sugar or fat. The percent energy intake from protein increased more in the TRE group compared to the control. The TRE group experienced a significant improvement in diet quality, with a 6.3‐point increase in HEI‐2020 score; however, between‐group comparisons were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

There were no significant differences between the TRE and control groups in energy intake, dietary composition or quality. Future research with larger sample sizes is needed to further evaluate the potential impact of TRE on dietary behaviours.
One hundred cases of Rezum water vapor thermal therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: Real‐world data at a single institution in Japan
Authors: Haga Kazunori , Akagashi Keigo , Tobe Musashi , Uchida Kosuke , Honma Ichiya , Hirobe Emi , Ishizaki Junji , Shimizu Takashi , Nakajima Hisao , Urahama Satoshi , Sato Yoshikazu
Published: August 2024

Objective

The objective of our study was to assess the efficacy of Rezum, a minimally invasive surgical treatment, for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in real‐world clinical practice at a single institution in Japan.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a prospective study involving 100 patients who underwent the Rezum procedure between October 2022 and February 2024. We analyzed patient backgrounds that are compliant with Japanese regulations and assessed descriptive outcomes such as symptom scores, peak flow in uroflowmetry, post‐void residual (PVR) volume, and prostate volume (PVol). These data were collected at 1 and/or 3 months postoperatively.

Results

On average, 4.7 water vapor injections were administered during the Rezum procedures, with a mean operative time of 6.3 min. Patients experienced significant relief in symptoms, with reductions of 55% in International Prostate Symptom Score, 53% in quality of life score, and 30% in Overactive Bladder Symptom Score. There was also a significant decrease in mean PVR volume (50% reduction) and PVol (27% reduction). Among the subgroup of 23 pre‐interventional catheter‐dependent patients, 91% achieved catheter independence.

Conclusion

Our single‐center analysis demonstrates that Rezum is an effective and safe minimally invasive therapeutic option for patients with BPH. This promising novel technique can be particularly beneficial for patients at an augmented risk of bleeding or those considered high risk for anesthesia.
The natural history of Gaucher disease type 1 in 31 patients over a median of 15 years: a retrospective study
Authors: Piran Siavash , Nimmo Graeme A. M. , Chaboureau Amélie , Mohankumar Rakesh , Kalia Lorraine V. , Amato Dominick
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

The natural history of untreated patients with type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1) is not well documented, and there is controversy over when and how to treat such patients, especially if they are only mildly symptomatic. Treatment of GD1 is inconvenient, very costly, and may result in undesirable side effects. We documented the clinical history of 31 untreated patients with GD1 followed in our clinic for 4–26 (median 15) years.

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational study of the progress of untreated adult patients with GD1 followed by blood tests (haemoglobin, platelet counts, ferritin and chitotriosidase), organ volumes (spleen and liver), bone manifestations (through magnetic resonance imaging and dual X‐ray absorptiometry scans) and neurological and quality of life issues. Statistical analyses were performed with the use of the Student paired t test and the modified Wald test for 95% confidence intervals.

Results

We found that the above parameters remained stable in most patients over a period of 4–26 (median 15) years. Five patients progressed from normal bone density to osteopenia and two from osteopenia to osteofibrosis; six were peri‐ or post‐menopausal females. The DS‐3 was stable over time. Only four of the 31 patients were started on enzyme or substrate reduction therapy.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that many patients with GD1, provided with close follow‐up by a specialist centre, can be followed for many years without requiring treatment and with no or minimal worsening of their GD1 manifestations.
Microscopic marvels: Decoding the role of micropeptides in innate immunity
Authors: Naidu Praveena , Holford Mandë
Published: August 2024

The innate immune response is under selection pressures from changing environments and pathogens. While sequence evolution can be studied by comparing rates of amino acid mutations within and between species, how a gene's birth and death contribute to the evolution of immunity is less known. Short open reading frames, once regarded as untranslated or transcriptional noise, can often produce micropeptides of <100 amino acids with a wide array of biological functions. Some micropeptide sequences are well conserved, whereas others have no evolutionary conservation, potentially representing new functional compounds that arise from species‐specific adaptations. To date, few reports have described the discovery of novel micropeptides of the innate immune system. The diversity of immune‐related micropeptides is a blind spot for gene and functional annotation. Immune‐related micropeptides represent a potential reservoir of untapped compounds for understanding and treating disease. This review consolidates what is currently known about the evolution and function of innate immune‐related micropeptides to facilitate their investigation.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Baloxavir and Oseltamivir in Outpatients With Influenza B
Authors: Takazono Takahiro , Ito Genta , Hosogaya Naoki , Iwanaga Naoki , Komeda Takuji , Kobayashi Masayuki , Kitanishi Yoshitake , Ogura Eriko , Mukae Hiroshi
Published: August 2024

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from a Japanese health insurance database to assess the effectiveness of baloxavir (n = 4822) for preventing severe events compared with oseltamivir (n = 10,523) in patients with influenza B. The primary endpoint was hospitalization incidence (Days 2–14). The secondary endpoints included intravenous antibacterial drug use, pneumonia hospitalization, heart failure hospitalization, inhalational oxygen requirement, and use of other anti‐influenza drugs. The hospitalization incidence was significantly lower with baloxavir (0.15% vs. 0.37%; risk ratio: 2.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–5.43). Pneumonia and additional anti‐influenza therapy were also less frequent with baloxavir, thus supporting its use.

Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry Study ID: UMIN000051382
Acute procedural safety of the latest radiofrequency ablation catheters in atrial fibrillation ablation: Data from a large prospective ablation registry
Authors: Arai Hirofumi , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Nitta Junichi , Inamura Yukihiro , Shirai Yasuhiro , Tanaka Yasuaki , Nagata Yasutoshi , Sekiguchi Yukio , Inaba Osamu , Sagawa Yuichiro , Mizukami Akira , Azegami Koji , Iwai Shinsuke , Hachiya Hitoshi , Ono Yuichi , Sasaki Takeshi , Takahashi Atsushi , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Okada Hiroyuki , Suzuki Atsushi , Suzuki Makoto , Handa Keita , Hirao Kenzo , Nishimura Takuro , Tao Susumu , Takigawa Masateru , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: August 2024

Background

Safety data of the latest radiofrequency (RF) technologies during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation in real‐world clinical practice are limited.

Objectives

We sought to evaluate the acute procedural safety of the four latest ablation catheters commonly used for AF ablation.

Methods

A total of 3957 AF ablation procedures performed between January 2022 and December 2023 at 20 centers with either the THERMOCOOL SMARTTOUCH SF (STSF), TactiCath (TC), QDOT Micro (QDM), or TactiFlex (TF) were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

In total, QDM, STSF, TF, and TC were used in 343 (8.7%), 1793 (45.3%), 1121 (28.4%), and 700(17.7%) procedures. Among 2406 index procedures, electrical pulmonary vein isolations were successfully achieved in 99.5%. Despite similar total procedure times in the four groups, the total fluoroscopic time was significantly shorter for QDM/STSF with CARTO than TF/TC with EnSite (18.7 ± 14 vs. 27.6 ± 20.6 min, p < .001) and longest in the TF group. The incidence of cardiac tamponade was 0.7% (0.5% and 0.9% during index and redo procedures, 0.8% and 0.3% for paroxysmal and non‐paroxysmal AF) and was significantly lower for QDM/STSF than TF/TC (0.2% vs. 1.1%, p = .008) and highest in the TF group. The incidence of cardiac tamponade was higher for TF than TC and STSF than QDM. In the multivariate analysis, TF/TC with EnSite was a significant independent predictor of cardiac tamponade during both the index (odds ratio [OR] = 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–17.5, p = .02) and all procedures (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.3–7.2, p = .01).

Conclusions

The incidence of cardiac tamponade and the fluoroscopic time during AF ablation significantly differed among the latest RF catheters and mapping systems in real‐world clinical practice.
Neuritin accelerates Schwann cell dedifferentiation via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway during Wallerian degeneration
Authors: Liu Jingmin , Guan Xin , Zheng Shuai , Shi Jiawei , Wang Xiaobo , Shen Zetao , Chen Zefu , Liao Congrui , Zhang Zhongmin
Published: August 2024

Neuritin, also known as candidate plasticity gene 15 (CPG15), was first identified as one of the activity‐dependent gene products in the brain. Previous studies have been reported that Neuritin induces neuritogenesis, neurite arborization, neurite outgrowth and synapse formation, which are involved in the development and functions of the central nervous system. However, the role of Neuritin in peripheral nerve injury is still unknown. Given the importance and necessity of Schwann cell dedifferentiation response to peripheral nerve injury, we aim to investigate the molecular mechanism of Neuritin steering Schwann cell dedifferentiation during Wallerian degeneration (WD) in injured peripheral nerve. Herein, using the explants of sciatic nerve, an ex vivo model of nerve degeneration, we provided evidences indicating that Neuritin vividly accelerates Schwann cell dedifferentiation. Moreover, we found that Neuritin promotes Schwann cell demyelination as well as axonal degeneration, phagocytosis, secretion capacity. In summary, we first described Neuritin acts as a positive regulator for Schwann cell dedifferentiation and WD after peripheral nerve injury.
Precision layering techniques: Integrating digital tools for accurate color matching and realistic try‐ins in anterior composite restorations
Authors: Manauta Jordi , Almeida Gabriela , Kovacs‐Vajna Zsolt M. , Vervack Valentin , Shaalan Osama , Devoto Walter , Faccoli Michela , Falacho Rui I. , Putignano Angelo
Published: August 2024

Objective

This article aims to demonstrate the clinical application of a comprehensive workflow that integrates digital tools for accurate color matching, and its immediate implementation in the restoration of anterior teeth.

Clinical Considerations

Two patients demonstrating dissatisfaction regarding a maxillary central incisor had an old restoration replaced resorting to a digital workflow to enhance the predictability of the new direct restoration. OptiShade allowed the precise assessment of tooth color and the CompoShade application provided precise color and material selection, as well as the determination of a layering strategy. Precision and accuracy of the colorimeter and the composite layering application were demonstrated clinically in vivo.

Conclusions

Implementing a digital workflow with the integration of OptiShade measurements and the CompoShade layering recipe calculation, as well as the respective realistic try‐in, enables the achievement of precise color matching for anterior composite restorations.

Clinical Significance

The employment of a digital colorimeter and layering recipes simplify shade matching, and optimizes composite resin clinical use and success. The implementation of a realistic try‐in, previous to the definitive restoration, allows the clinician to perform any adjustments if needed.
Myths surrounding vertical dimension of occlusion in restorative dentistry: A scoping review
Authors: Lassmann Łukasz , Calamita Marcelo A. , Manfredini Danielle
Published: August 2024

Objective

This scoping review aims to clarify the concept of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) in prosthetic dentistry, addressing prevalent myths, and controversies regarding its clinical management and impact on the stomatognathic system.

Methods

This paper critically examines common beliefs about VDO alteration and its effects on temporomandibular disorders (TMD) through an extensive literature review and an international survey. The survey included 862 general dentists and prosthodontists and explored their approaches to altering VDO and their perceptions of the clinical implications. The literature review provided a thorough analysis of existing research on VDO modification techniques, the adaptability of the stomatognathic system, and the relationship between VDO changes and TMD.

Results

The survey revealed insights into dentists' perspectives on VDO, showing that while many practitioners test a new VDO due to concerns about patient adaptation, a significant majority observed that patients typically adjust well to a new VDO regardless of the technique used. The survey highlighted differing beliefs about the need for a gradual process and trial phase for VDO alteration, as well as the stability of modified VDO. Literature review suggests the stability and adaptability of VDO changes due to muscle adaptability and indicates no direct causal or curative link between VDO changes and TMD. Traditional methods for determining VDO in complete dentures may not be suitable for worn dentition, underscoring the need for tailored approaches.

Conclusion

This paper suggests that the traditional belief in the need for a prolonged trial phase for VDO alterations may be reconsidered in light of evidence supporting the adaptability of the stomatognathic system. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between methods suitable for complete dentures and those for managing cases of worn dentition. The purported link between VDO alterations and TMD is also found to lack scientific evidence, highlighting the need for individualized patient care based on current evidence and clinical judgment.
Static analysis of semi‐underground double‐storey squat silo
Authors: Jin Li‐bing , Wang Xu , Zhang Wei‐bo , Fan Tai , Wu Qiang
Published: August 2024

The semi‐underground double‐storey squat silo (SUDSSS) is a new type of silo with the advantages of preserving grain quality. In this paper, a numerical model of SUDSSS was constructed using solid elements. The proposed numerical model was validated by test results of an experimental underground silo, and the results demonstrated that: (1) Before and after backfilling, the radial and circumferential stress of the underground storey reached their maximum at 2/3 from the bottom and 2/3 from the ground surface, respectively; (2) As the height of grain storage increases, the silo wall stress in the overground storey increases. From the top of the underground storey up to 1/4 height of the overground storey, the stress of silo wall increases. (3) For the underground storey, the maximum stress occurs at 1/3 of the way from the apex of bottom cone.

Practical applications

The semi‐underground double‐storey squat silo is a new grain storage device proposed by this paper, which consists of two layers. The lower layer is located in the ground and can utilize the shallow ground temperature to realize the green and low‐temperature storage of grain, the upper layer is conducive to the turnover of grain, which can ensure the quality of grain storage. The new silo has the advantages of saving land, energy saving and carbon reduction. Based on the silo, this paper investigates the stress–strain properties of the silo before and after soil backfilling during the construction stage, and obtains the change pattern of the static mechanical properties of the silo. This paper analyses the mechanical properties of semi‐underground double‐storey squat silo under different storage conditions at the grain storage stage, and studies the change patterns of the mechanical properties of the silo body under different storage heights.
Institutional power and the deinstitutionalization of marriage
Authors: Herden Rhys James
Published: August 2024

In this article, I revisit the debate surrounding the deinstitutionalization of marriage. I identify the divergent methodologies used to evaluate deinstitutionalization and argue that institutional power requires greater definition. I develop the concept of institutional power by applying a Lukesian lens to new institutionalist theories of institutional activities. I define deinstitutionalization as the loss of connection between institutions and their sources of institutional power which constitutes their institutionality. Further, I argue that the indicators used to assess deinstitutionalization must recognize (a) the formal and informal aspects of marriage's institutionality and (b) the regulatory, normative, and cultural‐cognitive bases of marriage's institutional power. I argue that discursive processes drive developments in the discursive field of intimacy yet the emphasis on individualization in existing scholarship struggles to adequately explain developments such as same‐sex marriage. I propose that the personal life thesis offers a more cogent explanation of these changes.
Comment on: Difference between kidney function by cystatin C versus creatinine and association with muscle mass and frailty
Authors: Du Jiawei , Hou Jinghua
Published: August 2024

See the related reply by O. Alison Potok and Dena E. Rifkin in this issue.
Drug burden index of people ageing with intellectual disability and cognitive complaints attending a specialist memory service
Authors: Vaughan R. M. , O'Dwyer M. , Tyrrell J. , Kennelly S. P. , McCarron M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Medications with sedative or anticholinergic properties should be prescribed with caution in those with cognitive complaints. This is particularly relevant in people ageing with an intellectual disability (ID). Higher drug burden index (DBI) scores are associated with increased frailty and falls and reduced quality of life in older people and increased risk of adverse effects (daytime somnolence, constipation) in those with ID. While previous studies have shown that the ID population has higher rates of drug burden and a higher propensity to be prescribed an antipsychotic than the general population, the degree of burden has not been assessed specifically in those with ID and cognitive complaints.

Methods

We assessed drug burden in a cohort of sequential referrals to a national memory service for people with ID. All patients were referred for assessment of cognitive complaints (self‐reported or caregiver‐reported problems with memory or cognition). DBI was calculated individually for each participant, and the impact of aetiology of ID, level of ID, age, psychiatric/neurological comorbidities and diagnostic outcome on DBI scores was assessed.

Results

The study population was 58.6% female with a median age of 55 years and aetiology of ID was Down syndrome (DS) in 71.3%. Consensus diagnosis was Alzheimer's dementia in 40.2%, mild cognitive impairment in 29.9% and cognitively unimpaired from baseline in 25.3%. Medication use was high with 95.4% taking medications, with a median number of medications of 4 (interquartile range 4) and a rate of polypharmacy (≥5 medications) of 51.7%. Overall, 65.5% were exposed to sedative or anticholinergic medications with 39.1% exposed to a clinically significant DBI score >1. Those with psychiatric comorbidities, non‐DS aetiology or epilepsy were significantly more likely to have a DBI score >1.

Conclusions

People with ID and incipient cognitive complaints have a high level of drug burden, which concerningly exceeds that of the general population.
Traidores a la patria: Reconfiguring the nation through (un)patriotic discourse in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Estrella Amarilys
Published: August 2024

In June 2020 anti‐racist activists in the Dominican Republic holding a vigil for George Floyd, who was brutally murdered by the police in the United States, were assaulted by right‐wing ultranationalists and detained by the national police. An event that was meant to express transnational solidarity was seen as a threat by ultranationalists who over the past decades supported anti‐Haitian and anti‐Black state policies that have contested the rights of Dominicans of Haitian descent to Dominican nationality and citizenship. This article explores how through the Dominican state's refashioning of the legal and juridical apparatus, as well as the support of self‐proclaimed Dominican nationalists, interpretations of Dominican national belonging are being contested and reimagined through the use of words such as traidor (traitor) and haitiano (Haitian). These terms code proper nationalism and Dominicanness as mixed‐race, Hispanic, and anti‐Haitian, as well as pro‐Dominican sovereignty, therefore against international human rights organizations.
Correlation between semiautomated magnetic resonance imaging volumetry of the cingulate gyrus and interictal epileptiform discharge lateralization in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Banasik Aleksandra , Wrzosek Marcin , Drobot Paulina , Owsińska‐Schmidt Karolina , Brewińska Laura , Zimny Anna , Podgórski Przemysław
Published: August 2024

Background

Brain imaging suggests the involvement of the limbic system, particularly the cingulate gyrus (GC), in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE).

Hypothesis

A correlation exists between the side of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and the volume of the ipsilateral GC (GCe) in dogs with IE.

Animals

Dogs admitted to the neurological consultation (32 with epileptic seizures and 13 control) were included.

Methods

This retrospective, blinded study followed the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force recommendations for diagnosing IE at the Tier III confidence level. The IE group included 18 and 14 dogs with IEDs in the left and right hemispheres, respectively (median age: 36 months, median weight: 19.5 kg), whereas the control group included 13 dogs (median age: 32 months, median weight: 20 kg). Whole‐brain and GC‐volumetric assessments were performed by a semiautomated method.

Results

In the control group, the volume of the GC was: left, from 743.63 to 1001.61 mm3, right, from 789.35 to 1015.86 mm3. In the study group, the volume of the GC was: left, from 720.88 to 1054.9 mm3 and right, from 566.29 to 987.77 mm3. In dogs with IE, GCe volume was significantly lower than the mean volume of the GC in the control group relative to total intracranial volume (TIV; P = .00044).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Alterations in the volume of the GC provide insights into structural changes during IE. The use of semiautomatic volumetry provides an advantage by reducing the potential for human error.
Pollinator shifts despite hybridisation in the Cape's hyperdiverse heathers (Erica, Ericaceae)
Authors: Musker Seth D. , Pirie Michael D. , Nürk Nicolai M.
Published: August 2024

Interrogating the ecological and geographic factors that influence population divergence dynamics can reveal why some groups of organisms diversify more prolifically than others. One such group is the heathers (Erica, Ericaceae), the largest plant genus in the Cape Floristic Region. We study Erica abietina, a highly variable species complex with four subspecies differing in geographic range, habitat and pollination syndrome. We test for population differentiation, hybridisation, introgression and pollinator‐driven divergence using genotyping‐by‐sequencing on samples across the entire distribution. We find five variably distinct genetic groups, with one subspecies comprising two independent lineages that are geographically isolated and occur on different soil types. Phylogenetic analysis suggests two independent shifts between bird and insect pollination, with accompanying genetic divergence. However, for one pair of populations with different pollinators, we uncover several individuals of hybrid origin at a site of sympatry. These results suggest that floral differentiation driven by divergent selection acts in concert with geographic isolation to maintain reproductive isolation and promote speciation. Our investigations reveal a highly dynamic system whose diversity has been shaped by a variety of interacting forces. We suggest that such a system could be a model for much of the diversification of the Cape flora.
Repeated migration, interbreeding and bottlenecking shaped the phylogeography of the selfing grass Brachypodium stacei
Authors: Campos Miguel , Pérez‐Collazos Ernesto , Díaz‐Pérez Antonio , López‐Alvarez Diana , Oumouloud Ali , Mur Luis A. J. , Vogel John P. , Catalán Pilar
Published: August 2024

Brachypodium stacei is the most ancestral lineage in the genus Brachypodium, a model system for grass functional genomics. B. stacei shows striking and sometimes contradictory biological and evolutionary features, including a high selfing rate yet extensive admixture, an ancient Miocene origin yet with recent evolutionary radiation, and adaptation to different dry climate conditions in its narrow distribution range. Therefore, it constitutes an ideal system to study these life history traits. We studied the phylogeography of 17 native circum‐Mediterranean B. stacei populations (39 individuals) using genome‐wide RADseq SNP data and complete plastome sequences. Nuclear SNP data revealed the existence of six distinct genetic clusters, low levels of intra‐population genetic diversity and high selfing rates, albeit with signatures of admixture. Coalescence‐based dating analysis detected a recent split between crown lineages in the Late Quaternary. Plastome sequences showed incongruent evolutionary relationships with those recovered by the nuclear data, suggesting interbreeding and chloroplast capture events between genetically distant populations. Demographic and population dispersal coalescent models identified an ancestral origin of B. stacei in the western‐central Mediterranean islands, followed by an early colonization of the Canary Islands and two independent colonization events of the eastern Mediterranean region through long‐distance dispersal and bottleneck events as the most likely evolutionary history. Climate niche data identified three arid niches of B. stacei in the southern Mediterranean region. Our findings indicate that the phylogeography of B. stacei populations was shaped by recent radiations, frequent extinctions, long‐distance dispersal events, occasional interbreeding, and adaptation to local climates.
Species pool and local assembly processes drive β diversity of ammonia‐oxidizing and denitrifying microbial communities in rivers along a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Xiong Xiang , Feng Lian , Huang Jieya , Wan Wenjie , Yang Yuyi , Liu Wenzhi
Published: August 2024

Both regional species pool and local community assembly mechanism drive the microbial diversity patterns across geographical gradients. However, little has been done to separate their effects on the β diversity patterns of microbial communities involved in nitrogen (N) cycling in river ecosystems. Here, we use high‐throughput sequencing of the archaeal amoA, bacterial amoA, nirK, and nirS genes, null model, and neutral community model to distinguish the relative importance of species pool and local assembly processes for ammonia‐oxidizing and denitrifying communities in river wetlands along a latitudinal gradient in eastern China. Results indicated that the β diversity of the nirS‐type denitrifying community co‐varied with γ diversity and environmental heterogeneity, implying that regional species pool and heterogeneous selection explained variation in β diversity. However, the β diversity of ammonia‐oxidizing and nirK‐type denitrifying communities did not correlate with γ diversity and environmental heterogeneity. The continuous hump distribution of β deviation along the latitudinal gradient and the lower species dispersal rate indicated that the dispersal limitation shaped the variation in β diversity of ammonia‐oxidizing and nirK‐type denitrifying communities. Additionally, biotic interactions drove ammonia‐oxidizing and nirS‐type denitrifying communities by influencing species co‐occurrence patterns. Our study highlights the importance of regional species pool and local community assembly processes in shaping geographical patterns of N‐cycling microorganisms and extends knowledge of their adaptability to a continuously changing environment on a large scale.
Sense of coherence in stroke: A concept analysis with Rodger's evolutionary approach
Authors: Liu Yaqian , Leung Angela Y. M. , Lau Terence , Montayre Jed , Wang Wenru , Wang Shanshan , Huang Yaqi
Published: August 2024

Sense of coherence (SoC) refers to how individuals cope with stress and maintain health, yet its concept remains no consensus about how it is defined and applied in the context of stroke care. This study aims to clarify the concept of SoC by reviewing its applications in various stroke populations and its changes across different stages of stroke. The adapted steps of Rodger's evolutionary approach of concept analysis were used to explore the attributes, surrogate or related terms, antecedents, and consequences of SoC in stroke. Twenty‐five articles were included after evaluating 1065 records and 80 full‐text articles. The SoC's attributes, characterized with dynamicity of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness in stroke, lie within the different stroke phases (acute, sub‐acute and chronic). There is no surrogate term to SoC. Related terms included coping, resistance resources, resilience, hardiness, and readiness. Antecedents related to stroke survivors and informal caregivers included sociodemographic factors, body functioning factors, social factors, stroke‐related factors, and caring factors. Consequences for stroke survivors, informal caregivers, and dyads included psychological status, health behavior, marital satisfaction, care provision, and perception of rehabilitation needs. The findings of the concept analysis of SoC in stroke reveal that this concept extends beyond survivors experienced stroke, and its comprehensive understanding needs considering various aspects including the SoC of informal caregivers, dyads, and family. This paper serves as a novel perspective for future stroke care, focusing on the needs for dynamic monitoring and adaptations to changes of SoC at different stages of stroke care. A proper understanding of SoC can also contribute to developing assessment tools and theoretical models in stroke care with some emphasis on the phases of strokes (attributes), demographic and functional characteristics (antecedents), and both stroke survivor–caregiver‐related outcomes sensitive to SoC.
Epicardial fat in heart failure—Friend, foe, or bystander
Authors: Paterek Aleksandra , Załęska‐Kocięcka Marta , Wojdyńska Zuzanna , Kalisz Małgorzata , Litwiniuk Anna , Leszek Przemysław , Mączewski Michał
Published: August 2024

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a fat depot covering the heart. No physical barrier separates EAT from the myocardium, so EAT can easily affect the underlying cardiac muscle. EAT can participate in the development and progression of heart failure with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In healthy humans, excess EAT is associated with impaired cardiac function and worse outcomes. In HFpEF, this trend continues: EAT amount is usually increased, and excess EAT correlates with worse function/outcomes. However, in HFrEF, the opposite is true: reduced EAT amount correlates with worse cardiac function/outcomes. Surprisingly, although EAT has beneficial effects on cardiac function, it aggravates ventricular arrhythmias. Here, we dissect these phenomena, trying to explain these paradoxical findings to find a target for novel heart failure therapies aimed at EAT rather than the myocardium itself. However, the success of this approach depends on a thorough understanding of interactions between EAT and the myocardium.
Chironomids regulate long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels independent of lake nutrient or dissolved organic carbon concentrations
Authors: Pilecky Matthias , Turunen Aatu , Sohrabi Mohammad S. , Ghimire Sadikshya , Ilo Timo , Kesti Petri , Vitecek Simon , Fehlinger Lena , Akkanen Jarkko , Taipale Sami J. , Vainikka Anssi , Kahilainen Kimmo K. , Kainz Martin J. , Strandberg Ursula
Published: August 2024

Chironomids are keystone primary benthic consumers with semi‐aquatic life cycles. They support aquatic and terrestrial consumers at higher trophic levels by conveying dietary nutrients, such as fatty acids. In this study, we combined field sampling and laboratory experiments to examine the effects of environmental parameters, including diet, on fatty acid composition and metabolism in chironomid larvae and imagines. Results from 53 lakes showed that lake size, depth, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, and trophic state had only marginal effects on the content of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) in chironomids. Compound‐specific stable hydrogen isotope analyses confirmed that chironomids actively bioconvert dietary fatty acid precursors to LC‐PUFA in all lake types, independent of nutrient or DOC concentrations. Moreover, fatty acid‐specific stable carbon isotope data indicated that the diet of chironomids was subsidized, particularly in oligotrophic lakes in spring, by terrestrial C18 fatty acid precursors that were converted to LC‐PUFA. Data from feeding experiments further confirmed that decreased dietary availability of LC‐PUFA enhanced the conversion of dietary short‐chain precursors to LC‐PUFA. These results suggest that chironomids are PUFA regulators that can sustain LC‐PUFA levels under varying environmental conditions. Furthermore, our results indicate that they bioconvert terrestrial low‐quality material to high‐quality resources, which, via chironomid emergence, support terrestrial food webs. Chironomids are abundant and widespread, and thus, the trophic transfer of LC‐PUFA can have significant implications for the fitness and production of upper trophic level consumers in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Are different screw lengths associated with osteosynthesis quality in the region of the mental foramen?
Authors: Brito Gabriel Conceição , Fernandes Atson Carlos de Souza , de Moraes Márcio
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The use of two monocortical malleable 04‐hole miniplates, placed above and below the mental foramen, has been indicated to prevent the adverse effects of tension and torsion forces on fracture healing. To obtain good fixation in the mandible's outer cortex screws, 5–8 mm long have been recommended. However, studies have shown thicknesses in the mental foramen region of up to 3 mm, meaning the length of the screw could be a risk to nerve or tooth root damage. The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of screw length on osteosynthesis quality in the region of the mental foramen.

Materials and Methods

10 synthetic polyurethane human lower jaw replicas were subjected to a linear loading test to evaluate fixation techniques with 5 and 10 mm of displacement. In the photoelastic analysis, 02 lower jaw models were made of photoelastic resin and subjected to linear loading in the fixation technique with 10 mm of displacement. Two 04‐hole miniplates in the region of the mental foramen either fixed completely with 4 mm screws (group 1) or with 5 mm screws in the tension zone and 8 mm screws in the compression zone (group 2). The variables were registered for peak load and peak displacement, and final load and final displacement. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied, followed by the Tukey test, with a significance of 5% (p = 0.05) for the comparisons between the means.

Results

Considering 95% confidence intervals, the mechanical test showed no statistical differences in peak load between the fixations groups. In the photoelastic analysis, the fringes were concentrated on the distal segment of the fracture in both groups.

Conclusion

Due to the lack of statistical difference in the biomechanical and photoelastic tests, considering the methodologic limitation, our study indicates a tendency of advantage toward the treatment of fractures with two 04‐hole plates, fixed with 4 mm screws, to minimize complications like tooth or nerve damage. In vivo studies are needed to verify the convergence of the results of in vitro studies to evaluate the resistance and stability in real masticatory forces.
Prevalence and clinical outcomes of off‐label gabapentin prescription in neuropathic orofacial pain
Authors: Tangpothitham Sakarin , Saepoo Jay
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the prevalence, purposes, and clinical outcomes of off‐label gabapentin prescriptions, and to identify potential risks of gabapentin misuse.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2022 at a single‐referral dental hospital. The study reviewed demographic data, clinical information, outcomes, side effects, and co‐prescribed drugs, utilizing statistical analyses to address objectives.

Results

Among 1365 patients, 87 received gabapentin, representing about 6.37% of off‐label prescriptions. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) was the most common indication (52.87%), often chosen as the clinician's first choice (51.72%), followed by use as an interim medication pending HLA‐B*15:02 results (14.94%). Nortriptyline was frequently co‐prescribed. Overall, gabapentin was prescribed at a mean dosage of 726.44 ± 42.87 (SE) mg per day, with a common dose range of 300–900 mg/day. Patients with TN and other neuropathies/facial pain experienced significant pain reduction from baseline (mean difference = −4.73 ± 0.77, p < 0.0001, and −3.06 ± 0.91, p = 0.0036, respectively). However, only 5 patients achieved a full response (NRS = 0) to gabapentin. Six patients (0.44%; 6 out of 1365 patients) received off‐label gabapentin without clinical diagnosis or treatment records, possibly indicating misuse.

Conclusions

Off‐label gabapentin use was prevalent, especially in cases of TN. Despite significant pain reduction observed, only a small number of patients achieved pain‐free periods with their neuropathic pain condition. Therefore, optimal dosing is advisable. Off‐label gabapentin use also benefits patients as an interim medication while waiting for carbamazepine‐related gene screening in the Thai population and as a main drug therapy for HLA‐B*15:02 gene‐positive patients. Given the high prevalence of off‐label use and its potential to interact and enhance centrally mediated effects with other drugs, pre‐screening could aid in identifying potential risks of misuse and abuse.
A Novel Classification of Migrated Lumbar Disk Herniation Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Algorithm Recommendations for Full‐Endoscopic Discectomy
Authors: Dai Anyuan , Zhang Jun , Liu Rui , Jiang Hong , Liu Yanting , Liu Qinyi
Published: August 2024

Study Design

Retrospective clinical study.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to establish a novel classification of migrated lumbar disk herniation (LDH) based on magnetic resonance imaging and provide appropriate treatment strategies for each type through algorithms.

Summary of Background Data

Full‐endoscopic lumbar discectomy is a surgical technique that has been developed rapidly in recent years. For migrated LDH, few surgeons currently classify it with multiplanar positioning, and there is no consensus on the choice of treatment strategy. Therefore, we established a new multiplanar classification criteria that can localize the lesions more accurately than previous studies.

Methods

A total of 263 eligible patients from March 2017 to March 2022 were included. Protrusions for each patient were located based on our classification and the surgical approach was selected according to our algorithms. The clinical symptoms of all patients before surgery, and at 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery were collected. Evaluations were performed using visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and modified MacNab criteria. We used the chi‐squared test, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and t‐test to compare perioperative results and postoperative 3‐month, 6‐month, and 12‐month follow‐up results.

Results

VAS (low back pain) scores were reduced from 5.33 ± 2.67 to 0.73 ± 0.77 (p < 0.001), and VAS (leg pain) scores were reduced from 7.44 ± 2.21 to 0.37 ± 0.51 (p < 0.001). ODI scores improved from 58.46 ± 8.04 to 12.57 ± 2.51 (p < 0.001). According to the modified MacNab criteria, the excellent and good rate reached 92.78% at the 12‐month follow‐up. Twenty‐six patients developed complications, all of which improved after treatment. Recurrence occurred in 13 patients, and four of them underwent secondary surgery.

Conclusions

This is an innovative classification method using multi‐plane positioning, and the algorithm used with it can help surgeons make appropriate choices when using endoscopic technology to treat migrated LDH. Statistical analysis of follow‐up data confirmed that this is a safe and effective strategy.
Three‐dimensional mapping and superior approach for catheter ablation in patients without inferior vena cava access
Authors: Hsu Chu‐Yu , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Lo Li‐We , Hu Yu‐Feng , Chung Fa‐Po , Lin Chin‐Yu , Chang Ting‐Yung , Chuang Chieh‐Mao , Kou Ming‐Jen , Chen Wei‐Tso , Chhay Chheng , Kao Pei‐Heng , Ibrahim Ahliah E. , Lin Wei‐Shiang , Chen Shih‐Ann
Published: August 2024

Catheter ablation for tachyarrhythmia via superior approach has been used in patients without possible inferior vena cava access such as in cases of venous occlusion or complex anomaly. Difficulty in catheter manipulation, instability, number of required vascular access, and radiation exposure of operator had been described in the procedure. Application of three‐dimensional (3‐D) mapping system in catheter ablation via superior approach could navigate the guiding catheter and provide more precise ablation. We reported four cases receiving catheter ablation due to atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and right ventricular arrhythmia via superior approach facilitated by 3‐D mapping system with fewer vascular access and catheters.
Carboxylation capacity is the main limitation of carbon assimilation in High Arctic shrubs
Authors: Paillassa Jennifer , Pepin Steeve , Ethier Gilbert , Lamarque Laurent J. , Maire Vincent
Published: August 2024

Increases in shrub height, biomass and canopy cover are key whole‐plant features of warming‐induced vegetation change in tundra. We investigated leaf functional traits underlying photosynthetic capacity of Arctic shrub species, particularly its main limiting processes such as mesophyll conductance. In this nutrient‐limited ecosystem, we expect leaf nitrogen concentration to be the main limiting factor for photosynthesis. We measured the net photosynthetic rate at saturated light (Asat) in three Salix species throughout a glacial valley in High‐Arctic tundra and used a causal approach to test relationships between leaf stomatal and mesophyll conductances (gsc, gm), carboxylation capacity (Vcmax), nitrogen and phosphorus concentration (Narea, Parea) and leaf mass ratio (LMA). Arctic Salix species showed no difference in Asat compared to a global data set, while being characterized by higher Narea, Parea and LMA. Vcmax, gsc and gm independently increased Asat, with Vcmax as its main limitation. We highlighted a nitrogen‐influenced pathway for increasing photosynthesis in the two prostrate mesic habitat species. In contrast, the erect wetland habitat Salix richardsonii mainly increased Asat with increasing gsc. Overall, our study revealed high photosynthetic capacities of Arctic Salix species but contrasting regulatory pathways that may influence shrub ability to respond to environmental changes in High Arctic tundra.