bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Energy-Efficient Secure Routing and Key Management Scheme for Mobile Sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Deployment Knowledge
Authors: Hung Le Xuan , Canh Ngo Trong , Lee Sungyoung , Lee Young-Koo , Lee Heejo
Published: December 2008

For many sensor network applications such as military or homeland security, it is essential for users (sinks) to access the sensor network while they are moving. Sink mobility brings new challenges to secure routing in large-scale sensor networks. Previous studies on sink mobility have mainly focused on efficiency and effectiveness of data dissemination without security consideration. Also, studies and experiences have shown that considering security during design time is the best way to provide security for sensor network routing. This paper presents an energy-efficient secure routing and key management for mobile sinks in sensor networks, called SCODEplus. It is a significant extension of our previous study in five aspects: (1) Key management scheme and routing protocol are considered during design time to increase security and efficiency; (2) The network topology is organized in a hexagonal plane which supports more efficiency than previous square-grid topology; (3) The key management scheme can eliminate the impacts of node compromise attacks on links between non-compromised nodes; (4) Sensor node deployment is based on Gaussian distribution which is more realistic than uniform distribution; (5) No GPS or like is required to provide sensor node location information. Our security analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme can defend against common attacks in sensor networks including node compromise attacks, replay attacks, selective forwarding attacks, sinkhole and wormhole, Sybil attacks, HELLO flood attacks. Both mathematical and simulation-based performance evaluation show that the SCODEplus significantly reduces the communication overhead, energy consumption, packet delivery latency while it always delivers more than 97 percent of packets successfully.
Field Calibration of Wind Direction Sensor to the True North and Its Application to the Daegwanryung Wind Turbine Test Sites
Authors: Lee Jeong Wan
Published: December 2008

This paper proposes a field calibration technique for aligning a wind direction sensor to the true north. The proposed technique uses the synchronized measurements of captured images by a camera, and the output voltage of a wind direction sensor. The true wind direction was evaluated through image processing techniques using the captured picture of the sensor with the least square sense. Then, the evaluated true value was compared with the measured output voltage of the sensor. This technique solves the discordance problem of the wind direction sensor in the process of installing meteorological mast. For this proposed technique, some uncertainty analyses are presented and the calibration accuracy is discussed. Finally, the proposed technique was applied to the real meteorological mast at the Daegwanryung test site, and the statistical analysis of the experimental testing estimated the values of stable misalignment and uncertainty level. In a strict sense, it is confirmed that the error range of the misalignment from the exact north could be expected to decrease within the credibility level.
Design and Validation of a Ten-Port Waveguide Reflectometer Sensor: Application to Efficiency Measurement and Optimization of Microwave-Heating Ovens
Authors: Pedreño-Molina Juan L. , Monzó-Cabrera Juan , Lozano-Guerrero Antonio , Toledo-Moreo Ana
Published: December 2008

This work presents the design, manufacturing process, calibration and validation of a new microwave ten-port waveguide reflectometer based on the use of neural networks. This low-cost novel device solves some of the shortcomings of previous reflectometers such as non-linear behavior of power sensors, noise presence and the complexity of the calibration procedure, which is often based on complex mathematical equations. These problems, which imply the reduction of the reflection coefficient measurement accuracy, have been overcome by using a higher number of probes than usual six-port configurations and by means of the use of Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural networks in order to reduce the influence of noise and non-linear processes over the measurements. Additionally, this sensor can be reconfigured whenever some of the eight coaxial power detectors fail, still providing accurate values in real time. The ten-port performance has been compared against a high-cost measurement instrument such as a vector network analyzer and applied to the measurement and optimization of energy efficiency of microwave ovens, with good results.
Coupling a Neural Network-Based forward Model and a Bayesian Inversion Approach to Retrieve Wind Field from Spaceborne Polarimetric Radiometers
Authors: Pulvirenti Luca , Pierdicca Nazzareno , Marzano Frank S.
Published: December 2008

A simulation study to assess the potentiality of sea surface wind vector estimation based on the approximation of the forward model through Neural Networks and on the Bayesian theory of parameter estimation is presented. A polarimetric microwave radiometer has been considered and its observations have been simulated by means of the two scale model. To perform the simulations, the atmospheric and surface parameters have been derived from ECMWF analysis fields. To retrieve wind speed, Minimum Variance (MV) and Maximum Posterior Probability (MAP) criteria have been used while, for wind direction, a Maximum Likelihood (ML) criterion has been exploited. To minimize the cost function of MAP and ML, conventional Gradient Descent method, as well as Simulated Annealing optimization technique, have been employed. Results have shown that the standard deviation of the wind speed retrieval error is approximately 1.1 m/s for the best estimator. As for the wind direction, the standard deviation of the estimation error is less than 13° for wind speeds larger than 6 m/s. For lower wind velocities, the wind direction signal is too weak to ensure reliable retrievals. A method to deal with the non-uniqueness of the wind direction solution has been also developed. A test on a case study has yielded encouraging results.
La sedimentación litoral y continental durante el Cretácico inferior. Sinclinal de Galve, Teruel
Authors: Díaz Molina M. , Yébenes A.
Published: December 2008

El objetivo de este trabajo es la reconstrucción del contexto paleoambiental en el cual se encuentran los arcosaurios de Galve. Los restos de arcosaurios son muy frecuentes en los 500 m basales de la sucesión estratigráfica del Cretácico Inferior. Estos 500 m de la sucesión Cretácica se apoyan sobre materiales del Kimmeridgiense-Portlandiense y pueden ser divididos en cuatro unidades.
La unidad basal está caracterizada por el predominio de los limos arcillosos. Los materiales terrígenos más gruesos (arena fina a media) rara vez están canalizados y con frecuencia forman cuerpos lenticulares y capas. Esta unidad ha sido interpretada como una llanura de marea fangosa. La aparición de las calizas señala la base de la siguiente unidad. La unidad está formada por secuencias compuestas por margas y micritas con abundantes charáceas, bivalbos, gasterópodos, dientes de peces y restos de vertebrados. Estas facies corresponden a depósitos lacustres formados en agua dulce a salobre.
La siguiente unidad está compuesta de limos arcillosos, arenas, areniscas y gravas. Las arenas y gravas rellenan canales. Las areniscas forman capas delgadas y se interpretan como depósitos de desbordamiento. En la mitad inferior de la sucesión predominan los canales fluviales. Hacia el techo los canales presentan una influencia de corrientes de marea. En los limos se encuentran restos de vertebrados, arcosaurios y dientes de peces, bioturbación y colores resultantes de procesos de hidromorfismo. En los canales también se encuentran fragmentos de vertebrados y restos de plantas. Esta unidad se interpreta como un sistema fluvial múltiple, formado por canales de baja sinuosidad que en sentido vertical evoluciona a una llanura deltaica con influencia de las mareas. La última unidad presenta una amplia variedad de litologías, que incluye conglomerados, areniscas, margas y calizas. Las margas son el tipo litológico más abundante, y ocasionalmente se encuentran en ellas estratificación lenticular y charáceas. Los terrígenos más gruesos aparecen rellenando canales, que además contienen ostreidos, o en capas finas. Las calizas son predominantemente micritas y wackestones que contienen abundantes ostreidos y gasterópodos. Esta unidad es interpretada como una asociación litológica que representa los sedimentos más distales del sistema deltaico y su transición a un medio de bahía. Los restos de arcosaurios se encuentran en diferentes facies que se corresponden: al relleno de canales, depósitos de desbordamiento, llanura de inundación, lagos y llanuras de marea.
Sedimentación sinectónica asociada a una subida relativa del nivel del mar durante el Cretácico superior (Fm. Tremp, provincia de Lérida)
Authors: Díaz Molina M.
Published: December 2008

La Fm. Tremp es el equivalente lateral continental de la Fm. Arenisca de Arén. Ambas formaciones forman parte de secuencias deposicionales de carácter regresivo, en régimen de subida relativa del nivel del mar.
En el cierre peridinal del anticlinal de Isona y en el flanco S del anticlinal de Sant Comeli, dentro de la Fm. Tremp, se identifican cuatro unidades estratigráficas cuya evolución sedimentaria estuvo ligada a reactivaciones tectónicas y a la desaceleración del diastrofismo. Los sucesivos ambientes de sedimentación que se infieren en sentido vertical para estas unidades son: ambientes de «lagoon» y/o llanura fluvial, llanura fluvial, llanura de marea y/o lacustrepalustre. En la base y/o en el interior de algunas de estas unidades existen discordancias progresivas, la desaceleración máxima del diastrofismo se correspondería con la sedimentación en ambientes de llanura de marea y/o lacustre.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Norzoanthamine
Authors: Yamashita Daisuke , Murata Yoshihisa , Hikage Naotsuka , Takao Ken‐ichi , Nakazaki Atsuo , Kobayashi Susumu
Published: December 2008

Zerstörend lernte ich erschaffen: (−)‐Norzoanthamin, ein vielversprechender Wirkstoff zur Osteoporosebehandlung, war die Zielverbindung einer Totalsynthese (siehe Schema). Die Vorstufe für die abschließende Bisaminalbildung mit AcOH/H2O unter Einführung des DEFG‐Ringsystems wurde durch die oxidative Spaltung eines Cyclopentanolrings erhalten.

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Total Synthesis of (−)‐Norzoanthamine
Authors: Yamashita Daisuke , Murata Yoshihisa , Hikage Naotsuka , Takao Ken‐ichi , Nakazaki Atsuo , Kobayashi Susumu
Published: December 2008

No bones about it: (−)‐Norzoanthamine, a promising candidate for an anti‐osteoporotic drug, was the target of a total synthesis (see scheme). The final bisaminal formation with AcOH/H2O gave the DEFG ring, while the cyclization precursor was prepared by installing the remaining bisaminal unit after oxidative cleavage of the cyclopentanol moiety.

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Variations in polymeric structure of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) films during annealing at various temperatures
Authors: Inoue Masahiro , Tada Yasunori , Suganuma Katsuaki , Ishiguro Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

To clarify the thermal degradation mechanisms of uniaxially drawn poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films, variations due to annealing in the polymeric structures of the films were investigated using the small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The films were composed of lamellar crystals that were stacked perpendicular to the stretch direction. Although the crystallinity of the films decreased during annealing in the temperature range above the preannealing temperature, the lamellar structure was maintained even after the annealing process. There are two kinds of irreversible relaxation mechanisms during the annealing process of the films, including both a decrease in crystallinity within the lamellae and also thickening of the lamellae. A significant lamella thickening effect was observed when the films were annealed above ∼ 100°C. FTIR spectra suggested some disordered structures are developed during thickening of the lamellae. Furthermore, a long‐range periodic structure was formed in the films that were annealed above the melting temperature of PVDF. The polymeric structures formed during the fabrication process (including high‐order structures and disorders in molecular conformation) were clarified as having a significant influence on the annealing behavior of ferroelectric PVDF films. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A thermally regenerable composite sorbent of crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) and ethoxylated polyethyleneimine for water desalination by Sirotherm process
Authors: Chanda Manas , Pillay S. Arumugom , Sarkar Amitava , Modak Jayant M.
Published: December 2008

Crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) (XPAA) made by copolymerization of acrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in bulk was further reacted with 80% ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, and the latter insolubilized by treatment with glutaraldehyde. The resulting composite sorbent, XPAA(EPEI.XG), containing carboxylic acid groups and weakly basic tertiary amine groups in close proximity in the same resin bead exhibited thermally regenerable desalination property, simulating the well‐known Sirotherm™ resins. For NaCl and MgCl2, the sorbent has saturation capacities of 0.796 and 0.839 meq/g (dry) sorbent, respectively, at 30°C but less than 0.1 meq/g (dry) sorbent at 80–90°C. The equilibrium sorption data at 30°C fit well to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for single‐component sorption and to Butler‐Ockrent and Jain‐Snoeyink models for bicomponent sorption. Although the sorption of NaCl exhibits a plateau in the pH range of 4–5, that of MgCl2 increases sharply above pH 4 because of additional sorption by cation exchange at the ionic sites formed at higher pH. The sorption rate data show characteristics of particle‐diffusion controlled ion‐exchange process, yielding diffusivity values of 1.0–1.3 × 10−6 cm2/s for NaCl and 3.0–3.5 × 10−7 cm2/s for MgCl2, in the initial period at 30°C, with the diffusivity falling abruptly in both cases at higher conversions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Abschätzung einer Anprallkraft für murenexponierte Massivbauwerke
Authors: Proske Dirk , Kaitna Roland , Suda Jürgen , Hübl Johannes
Published: December 2008

Alpine Naturräume sind verschiedenen gravitativen Gefahrenprozessen ausgesetzt. Derartige Prozesse sind Muren, Hangrutschungen oder Lawinen. Menschliche Siedlungsgebiete werden u.a. durch den Prozessen angepasste Bauwerke geschützt. Die Bereitstellung von Berechnungsverfahren zur Ermittlung der Anprallkraft einer Mure für die Bemessung solcher Schutzbauwerke aus Stahlbeton ist Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. Dabei wird maßgeblich Bezug auf die in Österreich zur Zeit entwickelte ONR2480X‐Reihe genommen.
Bewehren mit vorgespannten Betonstäben – Neue Chancen für ein vergessenes Bewehrungskonzept
Authors: Kessler Hans‐Gert
Published: December 2008

Vor rund einem halben Jahrhundert wurden erstmals Versuche unternommen, Betonbauteile mit Latten aus vorgespanntem Beton zu bewehren. Sie wurden rasch wieder aufgegeben, nachdem selbst eine geringe Ausmittigkeit der Vorspannung die Geradlinigkeit der Latten beeinträchtigte. Inzwischen aber haben sowohl die Technologie des Vorspannens als auch die des Schalens beträchtliche Fortschritte hinsichtlich ihrer Genauigkeit erzielt und rücken ein Bewehren mit “vorgespannten Betonstäben” wieder ins Blickfeld. Die Vorzüge hiermit bewehrter Biegeträger und Platten sind bisher noch gar nicht durchleuchtet worden. Sie beruhen auf der Tatsache, dass vorgespannte Betonstäbe eine gegenüber Stahl zehn‐ bis dreißigfache Dehnsteifigkeit aufweisen (Esb = 10…33 · Es); ihr entspricht eine gleichfalls spektakuläre Biegesteifigkeit mit ihnen bewehrter Bauteile. Die Folge dieser hohen Steifigkeit (die auch durch Schwinden und Kriechen nicht verloren geht) ist ein großer aktiver Druckbereich, wie man dies allenfalls von beschränkt vorgespannten Querschnitten her kennt.

Der Autor hat sich bereits vor eineinhalb Jahrzehnten für die Verwendung vorgespannter Betonstäbe im Porenbetonbau ausgesprochen [1], wo sie auch jeden Korrosionsschutz entbehrlich machen; die statischen Vorzüge mit ihnen bewehrter Querschnitte allgemein werden allerdings erst im vorliegenden Aufsatz detailliert dargelegt und hierfür die entsprechenden Bemessungsgrundlagen entwickelt.
A qualitative study on the development of workplace bullying: Towards a three way model
Authors: Baillien Elfi , Neyens Inge , De Witte Hans , De Cuyper Nele
Published: December 2008

Up to now, researchers have identified various individual and work‐related factors as potential antecedents of workplace bullying. The aim of the present study is to integrate this line of research in view of explaining how these antecedents may develop into workplace bullying. Key informants, such as union representatives, employees with a confidence role concerning workplace bullying, human resource managers, prevention workers and social service employees, analysed bullying incidents or cases within their organization. We combined the various perspectives on the same incident into one plan. Then, all 87 case plans were united in a global model that reflects the development towards bullying. The results suggested three processes that may contribute to the development of bullying. Firstly, bullying may result from inefficient coping with frustration. Such coping mechanisms are likely to be active for perpetrators, and passive for victims. Secondly, bullying may be the consequence of escalated conflicts. Thirdly, bullying may result from destructive team and organizational cultures or habits. Individual and work‐related antecedents may affect these processes in two ways: they may be at the origin of the three processes, and they may relate to the employees' coping style. Implications for theory and research are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationships between contact, status and prejudice: An integrated threat theory analysis of Hindu–Muslim relations in India
Authors: Tausch Nicole , Hewstone Miles , Roy Ravneeta
Published: December 2008

In the context of Hindu–Muslim relations in India, the present study (N = 87) utilized Integrated Threat Theory (Stephan & Stephan, 2000) to examine the mediating roles of intergroup anxiety, realistic and symbolic threats and the moderating role of group membership (Hindu vs. Muslim) in the relationships between cross‐community contact, relative in‐group status and prejudice. Overall, intergroup anxiety and realistic, but not symbolic, threat emerged as proximal predictors of prejudice and partial mediators between the predictor and criterion variables. But these findings were qualified by majority (Hindu) versus minority (Muslim) group membership. As predicted, while symbolic threat was a predictor of prejudice for Hindus, realistic threat was a paramount predictor for Muslims. In‐group status was as a significant predictor for low‐status minority group only. The results are discussed with reference to their potential implications for future research and interventions aimed at improving intergroup relations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoaffinity Isolation and Identification of Proteins in Cancer Cell Extracts that Bind to Platinum‐Modified DNA
Authors: Guggenheim Evan R. , Xu Dong , Zhang Christiana X. , Chang Pamela V. , Lippard Stephen J.
Published: December 2008

The activity of the anticancer drug cisplatin is a consequence of its ability to bind DNA. Platinum adducts bend and unwind the DNA duplex, creating recognition sites for nuclear proteins. Following DNA damage recognition, the lesions will either be repaired, facilitating cell viability, or if repair is unsuccessful and the Pt adduct interrupts vital cellular functions, apoptosis will follow. With the use of the benzophenone‐modified cisplatin analogue Pt‐BP6, 25 bp DNA duplexes containing either a 1,2‐d(G*pG*) intrastrand or a 1,3‐d(G*pTpG*) intrastrand crosslink were synthesized, where the asterisks designate platinated nucleobases. Proteins having affinity for these platinated DNAs were photocrosslinked and identified in cervical, testicular, pancreatic and bone cancer‐cell nuclear extracts. Proteins identified in this manner include the DNA repair factors RPA1, Ku70, Ku80, Msh2, DNA ligase III, PARP‐1, and DNA–PKcs, as well as HMG‐domain proteins HMGB1, HMGB2, HMGB3, and UBF1. The latter strongly associate with the 1,2‐d(G*pG*) adduct and weakly or not at all with the 1,3‐d(G*pTpG*) adduct. The nucleotide excision repair protein RPA1 was photocrosslinked only by the probe containing a 1,3‐d(G*pTpG*) intrastrand crosslink. The affinity of PARP‐1 for platinum‐modified DNA was established using this type of probe for the first time. To ensure that the proteins were not photocrosslinked because of an affinity for DNA ends, a 90‐base dumbbell probe modified with Pt‐BP6 was investigated. Photocrosslinking experiments with this longer probe revealed the same proteins, as well as some additional proteins involved in chromatin remodeling, transcription, or repair. These findings reveal a more complete list of proteins involved in the early steps of the mechanism of action of the cisplatin and its close analogue carboplatin than previously was available.
Ferrocene–Carbohydrate Conjugates as Electrochemical Probes for Molecular Recognition Studies
Authors: Casas‐Solvas Juan M. , Ortiz‐Salmerón Emilia , Giménez‐Martínez Juan J. , García‐Fuentes Luís , Capitán‐Vallvey Luís F. , Santoyo‐González Francisco , Vargas‐Berenguel Antonio
Published: December 2008

We report two methods that have allowed the attachment of glucose, mannose and lactose to one or both of the cyclopentadienyl rings of ferrocene. The resulting ferrocene–carbohydrate conjugates were synthesised by the reaction of thioglycosides with ferrocenemethanol and 1,1′‐ferrocenedimethanol in acidic media. A second method based on the regiospecific copper(I)‐catalysed cycloaddition of propargyl glycoside, azidomethyl and bis(azidomethyl)ferrocene as well as azidoethyl glycoside and ethynylferrocene was also used and led to the synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazole‐containing glycoconjugates. The electrochemical behaviour of the synthesised glycoconjugates was investigated. In addition, their binding interactions with β‐cyclodextrin were studied by means of NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric experiments. These techniques allowed the determination of the thermodynamic parameters of the complexes, the stability constants for the complexes formed with both the neutral and the oxidised states of the ferrocenyl glycoconjugates, the mode of inclusion and the diffusion coefficients for both the glycoconjugates and the complexes.
A Comparison of N2 Cleavage in Schrock's Mo[N3N] and Laplaza–Cummins' Mo[N(R)Ar]3 Systems
Authors: Christian Gemma , Stranger Robert , Yates Brian F.
Published: December 2008

The four‐coordinate Mo[N3N] complex, [N3N]=[{RNCH2CH2}3N], R=3,5‐(2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2)2C6H3 (HIPT), which is capable of converting N2 to ammonia catalytically, reacts with N2 in a similar manner to Mo[N(R)Ar]3 (R=tBu, Ar=3,5‐C6H3Me2) to form a dinitrogen‐bridged dimer intermediate, but unlike its three‐coordinate counterpart, N2 cleavage is not observed. To rationalise these differences, the reaction of N2 with the model Mo[NH2]3[NH3] and full ligand Mo[N3N] systems was explored using density functional theory and compared with the results of an earlier study involving the model three‐coordinate Mo[NH2]3 system. Although the overall reaction is exothermic, the final NN cleavage step is calculated to be endothermic by 75 kJ mol−1 for the model system when the Moamine cap bond length is fixed to mimic the constraints of the ligand straps, but exothermic by 14 kJ mol−1 for the full ligand system. In the latter case, the slightly exothermic cleavage step can be attributed to the destabilization of the N2 bridged dimer relative to the nitride product owing to the steric effects of the bulky R groups. The activation barrier for NN cleavage is estimated at 151 kJ mol−1 for the model system, more than twice the calculated value for Mo[NH2]3, and even greater, 213 kJ mol−1, for the full ligand [N3N]Mo system. A bonding analysis shows that although the binding of the amine cap helps to stabilize the intermediate dimer, at the same time it destabilizes the metal d‐orbitals involved in backbonding to the π* orbitals on N2. As a result, backdonation is less efficient and NN activation reduced compared to the three‐coordinate system. Thus, the increased stability of the intermediate dimer on binding of the amine cap combined with the reduced level of NN activation and higher kinetic barrier, explain why NN cleavage has not been observed experimentally for the four‐coordinate Mo[N3N] system.
2‐Phenanthrenyl–DNA: Synthesis, Pairing, and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Grigorenko Nikolay A. , Leumann Christian J.
Published: December 2008

Three 2′‐phenanthrenyl‐C‐deoxyribonucleosides with donor (phenNH2), acceptor (phenNO2), or no (phenH) substitution on the phenanthrenyl core were synthesized and incorporated into oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Duplexes containing either one or three consecutive phenR residues, which were located opposite each other, were formed. Within these residues, the phenR residues are expected to recognize each other through interstrand stacking interactions, in much the same way as described previously for biphenyl DNA. The thermal, thermodynamic, and fluorescence properties of such duplexes were determined by UV melting analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Depending on the nature of the substituent, the thermal stability of single‐modified duplexes can vary between −2.7 to +11.3 °C in Tm and that of triple‐modified duplexes from +7.8 to +11.1 °C. Van′t Hoff analysis suggested that the observed higher thermodynamic stability in phenH‐ and phenNO2‐containing duplexes is of enthalpic origin. A single phenH or phenNO2 residue in a bulge position also stabilizes a corresponding duplex. If a phenNO2 residue is placed in a bulge position next to a base mismatch this can lead, in a sequence‐dependent manner, to duplex destabilization. The phenNO2 residue was found to be a highly efficient (10–100‐fold) quencher of phenH and phenNH2 fluorescence if placed in the opposite position to the fluorophores. When phenH and phenNH2 residues were placed opposite each other, efficient quenching of phenH and enhancement of phenNH2 fluorescence was found, which is an indicator for electron‐ or energy‐transfer processes between the aromatic units.
Probing Hydrogen Bonding to Bound Dioxygen in Synthetic Models for Heme Proteins: The Importance of Precise Geometry
Authors: Dube Henry , Kasumaj Besnik , Calle Carlos , Felber Beatrice , Saito Makoto , Jeschke Gunnar , Diederich François
Published: December 2008

Distal hydrogen bonding in natural dioxygen binding proteins is crucial for the discrimination between different potential ligands such as O2or CO. In the present study, we probe the chemical requirements for proper distal hydrogen bonding in a series of synthetic model compounds for dioxygen‐binding heme proteins. The model compounds1‐Coto7‐Cobear different distal residues. The hydrogen bonding in their corresponding dioxygen adducts is directly measured by pulse EPR spectroscopy. The geometrical requirements for this interaction to take place were found to be narrow and very specific. Only two model complexes,1‐Coand7‐Co, form a hydrogen bond to bound dioxygen, which was characterized in terms of geometry and nature of the bond. The geometry and dipolar nature of this interaction in1‐Co‐O2is more similar to the one in natural cobalt myoglobin (Co‐Mb), making1‐Cothe best model compound in the entire series.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Formation, Structural and Microstructural Characterization of Novel Oxynitride—Perovskites Synthesized by Thermal Ammonolysis of (Ca,Ba)MoO4 and (Ca,Ba)MoO3.
Authors: Logvinovich D. , Aguirre M. H. , Hejtmanek J. , Aguiar R. , Ebbinghaus S. G. , Reller A. , Weidenkaff A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Properties of A2MnB′O6 (A: Ca, Sr; B′; Sb, Ta) Double Perovskites.
Authors: Mandal Tapas Kumar , Poltavets Viktor V. , Croft Mark , Greenblatt Martha
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoluminescence of Eu3+‐Doped Triple Phosphate Ca8MgR(PO4)7 (R: La, Gd, Y).
Authors: Huang Yanlin , Zhao Wanxue , Cao Yonggang , Jang Kiwan , Lee Ho Sueb , Cho Eunjin , Yi Soung‐Soo
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Alkyl and Aryl Ketones in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Ahlford Katrin , Lind Jesper , Maeler Lena , Adolfsson Hans
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New β‐Tricarbonyl Compounds: Synthesis, Reactions with Urea and Some Thioureas.
Authors: Sacmaci Mustafa , Alkan Abdulrezzak , Sacmaci Serife , Saripinar Emin , Sahin Ertan
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective N‐Acylation via Condensations of N‐(Benzoyloxy)amines and α‐Ketophosphonic Acids under Aqueous Conditions.
Authors: Arora Jasbir Singh , Kaur Navneet , Phanstiel Otto IV
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Preparative Route Toward 3‐Arylcyclopropenes.
Authors: Sherrill William M. , Kim Ryan , Rubin Michael
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Heck Arylation of a Functionalized Cyclopentenyl Ether Using (S)‐N‐Methyl‐pyrrolidine as the Stereochemical Controller.
Authors: Trejos Alejandro , Saevmarker Jonas , Schlummer Stefanie , Datta Gopal K. , Nilsson Peter , Larhed Mats
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling of Primary Alkylboronic Acids with Alkenyl Halides.
Authors: Fall Yacoub , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct and Stereospecific Synthesis of Allenes via Reduction of Propargylic Alcohols with Cp2Zr(H)Cl.
Authors: Pu Xiaotao , Ready Joseph M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl‐2‐aryltetrahydrofuran‐4‐ols: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Paulownin (X).
Authors: Angle Steven R. , Choi Inchang , Tham Fook S.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(3‐Pyrrolin‐1‐yl)‐1,4‐naphthoquinones: Photoactivated Alkylating Agents.
Authors: Aponick Aaron , Dietz Amber L. , Pearson William H.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Halolactonization of γ‐Acetylenic Acids: Synthesis of Novel Spiroisoindole Halobutyrolactones.
Authors: Rammah Mohamed M. , Othman Mohamed , Msaddek Moncef , Rammah Mohamed B.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Kulinkovich—de Meijere Reactions of Various Disubstituted Alkenes Bearing Amide Groups.
Authors: Madelaine Claire , Ouhamou Nouara , Chiaroni Angele , Vedrenne Emeline , Grimaud Laurence , Six Yvan
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Hydroxybenzo[a]carbazoles.
Authors: Conchon Elisabeth , Anizon Fabrice , Aboab Bettina , Prudhomme Michelle
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Catalyzed Asymmetric cis‐Dihydroxylation with H2O2.
Authors: de Boer Johannes W. , Browne Wesley R. , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. , Bini Laura , Tiemersma‐Wegman Theodora D. , Alsters Paul L. , Hage Ronald , Feringa Ben L.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Alkylation of Substituted Dioxanone Enol Ethers: Ready Access to C(α)‐Tetrasubstituted Hydroxyketones, Acids, and Esters.
Authors: Seto Masaki , Roizen Jennifer L. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Addition of Alcohols and Thiols to Activated Electrophiles: Efficient Dynamic Kinetic Resolution and Desymmetrization Protocols.
Authors: Peschiulli Aldo , Quigley Cormac , Tallon Sean , Gun'ko Yuri K. , Connon Stephen J.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polychlorinated Compounds with PPAR‐γ Agonistic Effect from the Medicinal fungus Phellinus ribis.
Authors: Lee In‐Kyoung , Lee Jeong‐Hyung , Yun Bong‐Sik
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(1,1‐Dioxo‐1,4‐dihydro‐1λ6‐benzo [1,4]thiazin‐3‐yl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2H‐pyridazin‐3‐ones as Potent Inhibitors of HCV NS5B Polymerase.
Authors: Tran Chinh V. , et al. et al.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Spin‐Lattice Relaxation Rates in Cuprates
Authors: Meier P. F.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Singly Bonded Catenated Germanes: Eighty Years of Progress
Authors: Amadoruge Monika L. , Weinert Charles S.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Determinants in the Oxovanadium Diphosphonate System
Authors: Ouellette Wayne , Zubieta Jon
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of Carbolithiation Transformations
Authors: Hogan Anne‐Marie L. , O'Shea Donal F.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Immunohistochemical Assessment of Protein Phosphorylation State — The Dream and the Reality
Authors: Mandell James W.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Secondary motoneurons in juvenile and adult zebrafish: Axonal pathfinding errors caused by embryonic nicotine exposure
Authors: Menelaou Evdokia , Svoboda Kurt R.
Published: December 2008

Nicotine is a drug of abuse that has been reported to have many adverse effects on the developing nervous system. We previously demonstrated that embryonic exposure to nicotine alters axonal pathfinding of spinal secondary motoneurons in zebrafish. We hypothesize that these changes will persist into adulthood. The Tg(isl1:GFP) line of zebrafish, which expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a subtype of spinal secondary motoneurons, was used to investigate potential long‐term consequences of nicotine exposure on motoneuron development. Anatomical characterization of Tg(isl1:GFP) zebrafish ranging between 3 and 30 days postfertilization (dpf) was initially performed in fixed tissue to characterize axonal trajectories in larval and juvenile fish. Tg(isl1:GFP) embryos were transiently exposed to 5–30 μM nicotine. They were then rescued from nicotine and raised into later stages of life (3–30 dpf) and fixed for microscopic examination. Morphological analysis revealed that nicotine‐induced abnormalities in secondary motoneuron anatomy were still evident in juvenile fish. Live imaging of Tg(isl1:GFP) zebrafish using fluorescent stereomicroscopy revealed that the nicotine‐induced changes in motoneuron axonal pathfinding persisted into adulthood. We detected abnormalities in 37‐dpf fish that were transiently exposed to nicotine as embryos. These fish were subsequently imaged over a 7‐week period of time until they were ≈3 months of age. These pathfinding errors of spinal secondary motoneuron axons detected at 37 dpf persisted within the same fish until 86 dpf, the latest age analyzed. These findings indicate that exposure to nicotine during embryonic development can have permanent consequences for motoneuron anatomy in zebrafish. J. Comp. Neurol. 512:305–322, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive–behavioural treatment of first diagnosis bipolar disorder
Authors: Jones Steven H. , Burrell‐Hodgson Gerrard
Published: December 2008

Cognitive–behavioural therapy can lead to significant improvements in relapse and inter‐episode functioning for individuals with an established course of bipolar disorder. Both psychiatric and psychological models of bipolar disorder suggest that there may be additional benefits in offering this approach earlier in the illness course. This paper reports on the application of a modified cognitive–behavioural approach for individuals after first diagnosis of bipolar disorder using a single case approach across seven participants. Evidence is reported for improvements in mood symptoms and hopelessness following treatment, as well as increased self‐control behaviours, more stable activity patterns and increased ability to detect and coping with early warning signs. Implications of these initial findings for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photodynamic vaccination of hamsters with inducible suicidal mutants of Leishmania amazonensis elicits immunity against visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Kumari Shraddha , Samant Mukesh , Khare Prashant , Misra Pragya , Dutta Sujoy , Kolli Bala Krishna , Sharma Sharad , Chang Kwang Poo , Dube Anuradha
Published: December 2008

Leishmania, naturally residing in the phagolysosomes of macrophages, is a suitable carrier for vaccine delivery. Genetic complementation of these trypanosomatid protozoa to partially rectify their defective heme‐biosynthesis renders them inducible with δ‐aminolevulinate to develop porphyria for selective photolysis, leaving infected host cells unscathed. Delivery of released “vaccines” to antigen‐presenting cells is thus expected to enhance immune response, while their self‐destruction presents added advantages of safety. Such suicidal L. amazonensis was found to confer immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy on hamsters against L. donovani. Neither heat‐killed nor live parasites without suicidal induction were effective. Photodynamic vaccination of hamsters with the suicidal mutants reduced the parasite loads by 99% and suppressed the development of disease. These suppressions were accompanied by an increase in Leishmania‐specific delayed‐type hypersensitivity and lymphoproliferation as well as in the levels of splenic iNOS, IFN‐γ, and IL‐12 expressions and of Leishmania‐specific IgG2 in the serum. Moreover, a single intravenous administration of T cells from vaccinated hamsters was shown to confer on naïve animals an effective cellular immunity against L. donovani challenges. The absence of lesion development at vaccination sites and parasites in the draining lymphnodes, spleen and liver further indicates that the suicidal mutants provide a safe platform for vaccine delivery against experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
Copper–Zeolites as Catalysts for the Coupling of Terminal Alkynes: An Efficient Synthesis of Diynes
Authors: Kuhn Philippe , Alix Aurélien , Kumarraja Mayilvasagam , Louis Benoit , Pale Patrick , Sommer Jean
Published: December 2008

CuI‐modified zeolites, especially CuI–USY, proved to be very efficient catalysts for the homocoupling of terminal alkynes. Such heterogeneous catalysts offer a very simple (no added ligand) and convenient synthesis of diynes, including carbohydrate derivatives. A strong influence of the zeolite pore size has been observed, high (quantitative) yields being obtained with zeolites having large internal cages. The role of zeolite acidic sites in the reaction has been pointed out. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Investigating DNA migration in pulsed fields using a miniaturized FIGE system
Authors: Chen Xiaojia , Ugaz Victor M.
Published: December 2008

PFGE is a well‐established technique for fractionation of DNA fragments ranging from kilobases to megabases in length. But many of these separations require an undesirable combination of long experiment times (often approaching tens of hours) and application of high voltages (often approaching tens of kV). Here, we present a simple miniaturized FIGE apparatus capable of separating DNA fragments up to 32.5 kb in length within 3 h using a modest applied potential of 20 V. The device is small enough to be imaged under a fluorescence microscope, permitting the migrating DNA bands to be observed during the course of the separation run. We use this capability to investigate how separation performance is affected by parameters including the ratio of forward and backward voltage, pulse time, and temperature. We also characterize the dependence of DNA mobility on fragment size N, and observe a scaling in the vicinity of N−0.5 over the size range investigated. The high speed, low power consumption, and simple design of this system may help enable future studies of DNA migration in PFGE to be performed quickly and inexpensively.