bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of Annatto Seeds (Bixa orellana L.) Extract Together with Pectin-Edible Coatings: Application on Mulberry Fruits (Morus nigra L.)
Authors: Oliveira Igor Gabriel Silva , Flores Karina Sayuri Ueda , de Souza Vinícius Nelson Barboza , Moretto Nathaly Calister , Verdan Maria Helena , Aranha Caroline Pereira Moura , Garcia Vitor Augusto Dos Santos , Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima , Martelli Silvia Maria
Published: February 2025

Morus nigra L., or mulberry, is a susceptible fleshy fruit due to its high respiratory rate and low storage stability, which shortens its shelf life and makes it difficult to commercialize in natura. Edible coatings, thin membranes produced directly on the desired surface, could improve food preservation, among other properties. Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds are natural pigments with high antioxidant activity. This work aimed to develop a pectin-based edible coating with annatto extract to increase the shelf life of fruits, using mulberries as a study model. The mulberries were randomly separated into five groups: without coating, coated with different extract concentrations (0%, 5%, and 10%), and a layer-by-layer treatment consisting of a pectin layer under a 10% extract layer. The samples were evaluated for the following parameters: titratable acidity, maturity index, mass loss, pH, soluble solids, moisture contents, and bioactive compounds. The coated group with 10% annatto extract had the best result for the maturity index (25.52), while the group with 5% showed better mass loss and moisture (37.28% and 83.66%, respectively). Herein, it was demonstrated that pectin-based edible coatings with annatto extract delay the maturation and senescence of mulberries, preserving the bioactive compounds and increasing shelf life.
High-Precision Localization Tracking and Motion State Estimation of Ground-Based Moving Target Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle High-Altitude Reconnaissance
Authors: Zhou Xuyang , Jia Wei , He Ruofei , Sun Wei
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on the problem of ground-motion target localization tracking and motion state estimation for high-altitude reconnaissance using fixed-wing UAVs. Our goal is to accurately locate and track ground-moving targets and estimate their motion using visible light images, laser measurements of distance, and UAV position and attitude information. Firstly, this paper uses the target detection model of YOLOv8 to obtain the target pixel positions, combined with the measurement data, to establish the geolocalization model of the ground-motion target. Secondly, a motion state estimation algorithm with hierarchical filtering is proposed, and this algorithm performs motion state estimation for optoelectronic loads and ground-motion targets separately. Using the laser range sensor measurements as constraints, the optoelectronic load angle state quantities are involved together in estimating the ground target motion state, resulting in improved accuracy of ground-motion target localization tracking and motion state estimation. The experimental data show that the UAV ground-motion target localization tracking and motion estimation algorithm using hierarchical filtering reduces the localization tracking error by at least 7.5 m and the motion state estimation error by at least 0.8 m/s compared to other algorithms.
Retrieval of Cloud Optical Thickness During Nighttime from FY-4B AGRI Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Xia Daozhen , Zhao Dongzhi , Li Kailin , Qiu Zhongfeng , Liu Jiayu , Luan Jiaye , Chen Si , Song Biao , Wang Yu , Yang Jingyuan
Published: February 2025

Cloud optical thickness (COT) stands as a critical parameter governing the radiative properties of clouds. This study develops a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to retrieve the COT of single-layer non-precipitating clouds during nighttime using FY-4B satellite data. The model integrates multi-channel brightness, temperature, and geographic and temporal features, without relying on auxiliary meteorological data, using the multi-point averaged 532 nm COT from CALIPSO as ground truth for training. Performance evaluation demonstrates robust retrieval accuracy, achieving coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.88 and 0.73 for satellite zenith angles (SAZAs) < 70° and >70°, respectively. Key advancements include the incorporation of temporal features, the Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) module, and a multi-point averaging technique, each validated through ablation experiments to reduce bias and enhance stability. Meanwhile, a model error analysis experiment was conducted that further clarified the performance boundaries of the model. These findings underscore the model’s capability to retrieve the COT of single-layer non-precipitating clouds during nighttime with high precision.
RVM+: An AI-Driven Vision Sensor Framework for High-Precision, Real-Time Video Portrait Segmentation with Enhanced Temporal Consistency and Optimized Model Design
Authors: Tang Na , Liao Yuehui , Chen Yu , Yang Guang , Lai Xiaobo , Chen Jing
Published: February 2025

Video portrait segmentation is essential for intelligent sensing systems, including human-computer interaction, autonomous navigation, and augmented reality. However, dynamic video environments introduce significant challenges, such as temporal variations, occlusions, and computational constraints. This study introduces RVM+, an enhanced video segmentation framework based on the Robust Video Matting (RVM) architecture. By incorporating Convolutional Gated Recurrent Units (ConvGRU), RVM+ improves temporal consistency and captures intricate temporal dynamics across video frames. Additionally, a novel knowledge distillation strategy reduces computational demands while maintaining high segmentation accuracy, making the framework ideal for real-time applications in resource-constrained environments. Comprehensive evaluations on challenging datasets show that RVM+ outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both segmentation accuracy and temporal consistency. Key performance indicators such as MIoU, SAD, and dtSSD effectively verify the robustness and efficiency of the model. The integration of knowledge distillation ensures a streamlined and effective design with negligible accuracy trade-offs, highlighting its suitability for practical deployment. This study makes significant strides in intelligent sensor technology, providing a high-performance, efficient, and scalable solution for video segmentation. RVM+ offers potential for applications in fields such as augmented reality, robotics, and real-time video analysis, while also advancing the development of AI-enabled vision sensors.
Evaluation of Pulse Oximetry Accuracy in a Commercial Smartphone and Smartwatch Device During Human Hypoxia Laboratory Testing
Authors: Browne Sara H. , Bernstein Michael , Bickler Philip E.
Published: February 2025

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) clearance standards for the clinical use of smart device pulse oximetry require in-laboratory human hypoxemia testing in healthy human individuals using arterial blood gas analysis. Methods: We evaluated the SpO2 measurements of the Samsung smartphone (Galaxy S9/10) and smartwatch (Galaxy 4) at stable arterial oxygen saturations (SaO2) between 70 and 100% in 24 healthy participants. Testing followed FDA/ISO-stipulated procedures for pulse oximetry performance validation, which include questionnaire estimation of skin tone based on Fitzpatrick estimation of skin types I–VI. During testing, inspired oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide partial pressures were monitored and adjusted via partial rebreathing circuits to achieve stable target arterial blood oxygen (SaO2) plateaus between 70% and 100%. Arterial blood samples were taken at each plateau, with device SpO2 readings taken at each sample extraction. An ABL-90FLEX blood gas analyzer determined arterial blood sample SaO2. Bias, calculated from device readings minus corresponding arterial blood measurements, was reported as root mean square deviation (RMSD). Results: Combined Participants demographics were: 62.5% female; median age 26 years (range 21–46); and race/ethnicity 16.7% African American, 33.3% Asian, 12.5% multi-ethnic, and 37.5% Caucasian. Fitzpatrick Skin Scale-identified skin tones were: white–fair (I&II), 20.8%; average–light brown (III–IV), 54% and brown–black (V–VI), 25%. There were no adverse events. The RMSD values of SpO2 measurements were: smartphone 2.6% (257 data pairs) and smartwatch 1.8% (247 data pairs). Conclusions: Device SpO2 demonstrated RMSD < 3.0% to SaO2, meeting FDA/ISO clearance standards at the time of study. However, additional testing in persons with darker skin tones is necessary. Smartphones and paired wearables, when cleared for clinical use following revision of FDA clearance standards, may expand access to remote pulse oximetry.
Artificial Intelligence for Quality Defects in the Automotive Industry: A Systemic Review
Authors: Morales Matamoros Oswaldo , Takeo Nava José Guillermo , Moreno Escobar Jesús Jaime , Ceballos Chávez Blanca Alhely
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a revolutionary tool in the automotive sector, specifically in quality management and issue identification. This article presents a systematic review of AI implementations whose target is to enhance production processes within Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The main methods analyzed are deep learning, artificial neural networks, and principal component analysis, which improve defect detection, process automation, and predictive maintenance. The manuscript emphasizes AI’s role in live auto part tracking, decreasing dependance on manual inspections, and boosting zero-defect manufacturing strategies. The findings indicate that AI quality control tools, like convolutional neural networks for computer vision inspections, considerably strengthen fault identification precision while reducing material scrap. Furthermore, AI allows proactive maintenance by predicting machine defects before they happen. The study points out the importance of incorporating AI solutions in actual manufacturing methods to ensure consistent adaptation to Industry 5.0 requirements. Future investigations should prioritize transparent AI approaches, cyber-physical system consolidation, and AI material enhancement for sustainable production. In general terms, AI is changing quality assurance in the automotive industry, improving efficiency, consistency, and long-term results.
Sensorless Control of Ultra-High-Speed PMSM via Improved PR and Adaptive Position Observer
Authors: Bai Xiyue , Huang Weiguang , Gao Chuang , Wu Yingna
Published: February 2025

To improve the precision of the position and speed estimation in ultra-high-speed (UHS) permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) without position sensors, multiple refinements to the traditional extended electromotive force (EEMF) estimation algorithm are proposed in this paper. The key improvements include discretization compensation, high-frequency harmonic filtering, and the real-time adjustment of the phase-locked loop (PLL) bandwidth. Firstly, a discrete model is introduced to address EMF cross-coupling issues. Secondly, an improved proportional resonant (IPR) controller eliminating static errors is utilized in place of the conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller and low-pass filter (LPF) to enable precise electromotive force extraction, effectively filtering high-frequency harmonics that arise in low carrier ratio conditions. Based on a standard PR design, the IPR controller offers a streamlined calculation for target leading angles in delay compensation schemes to effectively mitigate discretization and delay errors. Additionally, an adaptive phase-locked loop (AQPLL) dynamically adjusts its bandwidth during acceleration to balance noise rejection and phase delay, reducing position estimation errors and optimizing torque. Simulations and experimental analyses on a motor (90,000 rpm, 30 kW) validate the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless driving techniques and demonstrate enhanced performance in position and velocity estimation, compared to the conventional EEMF approach.
Integrating Practice-Based Learning into Formal Education: Stakeholder Perspectives on the Challenges of Learning Location Cooperation (LLC) in Germany’s Dual VET System
Authors: Schwede Jana , Heisler Dietmar , Harteis Christian
Published: February 2025

Germany’s dual Vocational Education and Training (VET) system has been criticized for insufficient cooperation among vocational schools, companies, and inter-company training centers, limiting its potential to effectively relate theory with practice. Despite the issue’s ongoing relevance, recent research on Learning Location Cooperation (LLC) remains scarce. This study addresses the existing research gap by examining contemporary LLC dynamics through the lens of key stakeholders. A total of 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted across interconnected learning locations, with each of the five targeted occupations represented by an apprentice, vocational teacher, trainer, and inter-company trainer. The study design enabled participants, connected through the apprentices’ learning journeys, to discuss LLC phenomena from their unique viewpoints, facilitating an in-depth exploration of cooperation strategies, relationships, conditions for success or failure, and desired improvements. Findings reveal both similarities and differences in perceptions, highlight diverse barriers, and provide actionable recommendations to strengthen LLC. These insights are crucial for refining Germany’s VET system and offer valuable lessons for international contexts, where integrating theory and practice is essential for developing a skilled and adaptable workforce. Overall, the study underscores the importance of fostering deeper cooperation among learning locations to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of (vocational) education globally.
The Open Society Revisited
Authors: Weinert Friedel
Published: February 2025

The open society is under threat from populism and fake news. But what do we mean by the ‘open society’? The notion was made popular by Bergson and Popper. Under the impact of totalitarianism, Popper distinguished open from closed societies. They differ by their degree of institutionalized critical scrutiny of political and societal practices. Modern sociological theory uses the notions of differentiation (or complexity) and reflexivity to distinguish these types of society (Habermas, Giddens). Reflexivity goes beyond critical scrutiny; it describes the constant examination and revision of social practices in the light of incoming information. An evaluation of these criteria shows that a necessary and sufficient condition for the distinction between open and closed societies is the degree of institutionalized critical scrutiny (contestability) and, even more, reflexivity. Openness is not a function of the complexity of societal development. It is a function of appropriate political structures. Therein lies its deeper connection with democracy: drawing upon several historical and contemporary examples thisarticle suggests that open societies can be characterized by critical scrutiny and even more reflexivity. In the final section, this article analyses the malaise of modern democracies with respect to the risks posed by populism and disinformation through social media. But rather than focusing on immigration or the economy, it considers the risks in terms of the erosion of institutional trust. Institutional trust is one of the civic virtues which the Enlightenment regarded as an essential feature of a democratic society. I conclude that populism and the deliberate spread of false information undermine civic virtues; a return to civic virtues is an important feature of the survival of democracy as an open society.
Lifecycle Assessment and Lifecycle Cost Analysis of Sustainable Concrete Incorporating Recycled Aggregates
Authors: Zheng Yi , Li Qian , Zhou Ling , Gao Fei , Deng Zuiliang , Wang Jun , Guo Zhanggen , Ding Haixia
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, the construction industry in China has experienced significant growth, leading to substantial consumption of non-renewable natural resources and a large amount of construction and demolition waste (CDW). As a result, the effective utilization of CDW has become critically important in China. This study focuses on the processing of CDW to produce recycled fine aggregates (RFAs) and recycled coarse aggregates (RCAs), which were subsequently used to produce recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). A total of 12 RAC composites incorporating RFAs and RCAs were prepared, and their compressive strength was evaluated in detail. The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was employed to assess the environmental impact of 1 m3 of RAC within a “cradle-to-gate” system boundary. Furthermore, the life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) method was applied to evaluate the economic benefits of RAC. The contributions of RCAs and RFAs were analyzed in detail. Lastly, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach was proposed to comprehensively compare the environmental and economic impacts of RAC and ordinary concrete. The results of the LCA and LCCA indicate that the inclusion of RCAs and RFAs in composite mixtures leads to significant environmental and economic benefits. The MCDA identified the optimized RAC mixture as one containing 70% RCA and 100% RFA, which demonstrated the best performance in terms of mechanical properties, environmental impact, and economic cost. The composite addition of RCA and RFA in RAC production can significantly reduce both environmental impacts and economic costs, thereby enhancing the sustainability of the concrete industry.
The Role of Social Capital in Employability Models: A Systematic Review and Suggestions for Future Research
Authors: Letnar Matejka , Širok Klemen
Published: February 2025

This article provides a systematic review of the role of social capital in employability models. Although social capital is recognized as a key resource in employment and society, its role in academic research on employability is frequently neglected. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this systematic review reveals an underrepresentation of social capital within employability models, as empirical studies do not attribute the same significance to it as observed in everyday life. The analysis found social capital was identified as a determinant in only 16 out of 47 empirical employability models. In less than half of these models, social capital is included as an independent variable, while, in the remaining models, it is incorporated within another explanatory factor. Notably, only in four models are all three dimensions of social capital (structural, cognitive, relational) included. This raises questions about the validity of existing employability models, emphasizes the necessity of social capital inclusion, and calls for future empirical research. Fostering social capital in employability is pivotal for the economic and social sustainability of aging societies, as it mitigates labor shortages, ensures fiscal stability, supports innovation, and enhances social sustainability through inclusivity and intergenerational equity.
Valorizing Organic Waste Through Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens): A Sustainable Solution for Aquafeeds with Key Nutrients and Natural Bioactive Polyphenols
Authors: Camperio Julio , Suarez Jorge A. , Simonton Justin , Paresky Eli , Parodi Jorge , Benetti Daniel D.
Published: February 2025

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), Hermetia illucens, present a transformative approach to sustainable aquaculture and waste management by converting organic waste into nutrient-rich biomass. This study highlights BSFL-derived products as a sustainable alternative for aquafeeds, delivering essential nutrients and significant concentrations of bioactive and antioxidative polyphenols. We evaluated five organic waste types—Kitchen Waste (KW), Agricultural Waste (AW), Aquaculture Sludge (AS), Aquaculture Offal (AO), and a Mixed diet (MX)—assessing their impact on BSFL growth, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), bioconversion, Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), survival, and nutritional composition, including Total Polyphenol Concentration (TPC). This is the first report to document and quantify the transfer of polyphenols from waste substrates to larvae, showing that larvae fed plant-based feeds contained significantly higher (5.8–7.4 mg GAE/100 g) TPC than those fed with an animal-based feed (0.60–0.9 mg GAE/100 g) (p < 0.05). Our findings emphasize the potential of BSFL to integrate waste valorization into circular economy frameworks, reduce organic waste, and enhance aquafeeds’ functional properties, contributing to ocean sustainability and the global transition to more sustainable aquaculture practices.
Evaluation of the Impact of Sustainable Infrastructure on the Perception of the Community Through the Use of Geocells Made of Recycled Tires in an Educational Environment
Authors: Susunaga Maria Paula , Gongora Ivonne Alejandra Gutiérrez , Palmeira Ennio Marques
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perceptions of the educational community regarding the use of recycled materials in sustainable road infrastructure. To this end, an 11-question survey was administered to students, teachers, and administrators at the La Sagrada Familia Technical Educational Institution in Ibagué, Colombia. The survey assessed their attitudes, awareness, and acceptance of sustainable materials in dimensions such as knowledge of sustainability, perception of recycled materials, and willingness to recommend sustainable practices. As part of the study, a 17 m-long vehicle platform was constructed using geocells made from recycled tires. This practical implementation served both as a demonstration of the potential of recycled materials in road infrastructure and as an educational tool to engage the community in sustainable practices. The construction process included awareness campaigns to educate participants on the environmental and functional benefits of using recycled materials. Preliminary results indicate a significant shift in perception after participants were educated on the benefits of recycled materials. Teachers and administrators showed high levels of acceptance, with 96.6% of teachers reporting improved perceptions. Students, while enthusiastic, showed more varied levels of satisfaction, reflecting their varied exposure to sustainability concepts. This study underscores the critical role of educational projects in fostering awareness and acceptance of sustainable solutions. It highlights the potential of initiatives such as geocells made of recycled tires to integrate practical applications with educational efforts, thereby advancing the adoption of circular economy principles and promoting long-term social benefits in infrastructure development.
Hybrid Neural Network-Based Intrusion Detection System: Leveraging LightGBM and MobileNetV2 for IoT Security
Authors: Yang Yi-Min , Chang Ko-Chin , Luo Jia-Ning
Published: February 2025

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has uncovered a significant asymmetry in cybersecurity, where low-power edge devices must face sophisticated threats from adversaries backed by ample resources. In our study, we employ a symmetry-based approach to rebalance these uneven scenarios. We propose a Hybrid Neural Network Intrusion Detection System (Hybrid NNIDS) that uses LightGBM to filter anomalies at the traffic level and MobileNetV2 for further detection at the packet level, creating a viable compromise between detection accuracy and computational cost. Additionally, the proposed Hybrid NNIDS model, on the ACI-IoT-2023 dataset, outperformed other intrusion detection models with an accuracy of 94%, an F1-score of 91%, and a precision rate of 93% in attack detection. The results indicate the developed asymmetry algorithm can greatly reduce processing overhead while still being able to be implemented in IoT environments. The focus of future work will be on the real-world deployment of these security infrastructures in the IoT and their adaptation to newer types of attack vectors that may be developed by malware.
Early Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection Induces Necroptosis in Immune Cells of Peripheral Lymphoid Organs
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Huo Caiyun , Yang Yaling , Han Jun , Zhou Lei , Hu Yanxin , Yang Hanchun
Published: February 2025

The highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry in China. This study evaluated the damage to peripheral immune tissues in the early infection of HP-PRRSV, including the hilar lymph nodes, mandibulares lymph nodes, inguinales superficials lymph nodes, spleens, and tonsils. HP-PRRSV infection led to a reduction in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as CD19+ B cells, in the tonsils. Additionally, CD163+ macrophages and CD56+ NK cells increased in all peripheral lymphoid organs, with NK cells migrating toward the lymphoid follicles. However, no significant changes were observed in CD11c+ dendritic cells. RNA-seq analysis showed the down-regulation of T and B cell functions, while macrophage and NK cell functions were enhanced. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis indicated the up-regulation of necroptosis processes. Western blotting and immunofluorescence confirmed that HP-PRRSV induced PKR-mediated necroptosis in immunocytes. This study provides new insights into the effects of early HP-PRRSV infection on peripheral immune organs, highlighting dynamic shifts in immune cell populations, virus-induced immunosuppression, and the role of PKR-mediated necroptosis. These findings improve our understanding of the immunomodulation induced by PRRSV infection.
Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Cardiac Function and Survival in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tu Xiao , He Tingfei , Xu Bing , Yin Jiazhen , Yi Fangyu , Li Ye , Gao Jinchi , Bi Peng , Xu Wanyue , Hu Rihong , Hu Lidan , Li Yayu
Published: February 2025

Maintenance hemodialysis patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality following COVID-19 infection due to compromised immune function. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac) on cardiac function and survival in this population. Background/Objectives: We aimed to examine whether CoronaVac vaccination affects heart function and survival rates in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Specifically, we assessed changes in heart ultrasound (echocardiographic) measurements, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, and survival outcomes by comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 531 maintenance hemodialysis patients, including 79 who received CoronaVac and 452 who did not. We compared the pre- and post-infection changes in heart function (echocardiographic parameters) and BNP levels between the two groups and assessed their association with the survival rates. Results: The vaccinated patients were younger (60.54  ±  13.51 vs. 65.21  ±  13.76 years, p = 0.006) and had shorter dialysis durations (56.04  ±  51.88 vs. 73.73  ±  64.79 months, p = 0.022). The mortality rate was also significantly lower in the vaccinated group (6.33% vs. 14.38%, p = 0.049). After infection, the unvaccinated patients showed significant declines in heart function and increased B-type natriuretic peptide levels, while the vaccinated patients demonstrated no significant deterioration. Older age, coronary artery disease, inflammation levels, and heart abnormalities were identified as the key risk factors for mortality. Conclusions: CoronaVac was linked to lower mortality and better heart function in maintenance hemodialysis patients. The vaccine may help to reduce infection severity, lower strain on the heart, and improve the overall prognosis.
Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Mpox in Jakarta, Indonesia, August 2022–December 2023
Authors: Nilasari Hanny , Miranda Eliza , Marissa Melani , Ruspitawati Ani , Handayani Dwi O. T. L. , Salama Ngabila , Setiawan Budi , Supriadi  , Aisyah Tiranti V. , Inggariwati  , Haq Arif S. , Zuhroh Siti , Safitri Eka Y. , Pramono Rahmat A. , Wisnuwardani Inggrita , Nelwan Erni J. , Sinto Robert , Susilo Adityo , Saharman Yulia R. , Ratnoglik Suratno L. , Pitawati Ni L. P. , Fauzan Muhammad , Hasanah Sekar S. A. , Sharasti Megandhita , Yunihastuti Evy
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective: This study explores the epidemiology and clinical features of re-emerging mpox in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This study used a retrospective study design to describe the epidemiological data, clinical features, and mortality of mpox patients from August 2022 to December 2023. In addition, this study also aims to identify the differences in both the epidemiology and clinical features of mpox in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and in non-HIV patients (non-PLHIV). Results: Our study shows that, as of the end of December 2023, 59 mpox cases were treated in Jakarta. All of the mpox cases in Jakarta were diagnosed in males, mainly found in MSM (91.5%), and PLHIV (78%). Most patients would manifest with fever, rash, and skin lesions. Syphilis was found as a concomitant infection in this group (22/59, 37.2%). Severe manifestations were found among PLHIV without antiretroviral therapy (ART). Conclusions: Mpox cases in Jakarta were all found in males and most of them were PLHIV. There are various manifestations of mpox; however, since immunosuppressed patients could present differently, a strong surveillance and vaccine notification system, cautious management, and spreading vaccination awareness are needed to prevent and treat mpox.
A Unified Surrogate Framework for Data-Driven Reliability Analysis of Mechanical Systems from Low to Multi-DOF
Authors: Shao Lun , Saidi Alexandre , Zine Abdel-Malek , Ichchou Mohamed
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a unified reliability analysis framework for mechanical and structural systems equipped with Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs), encompassing single-degree-of-freedom (1-DOF), two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF), and ten-degrees-of-freedom (10-DOF) configurations. The methodology integrates four main components: (i) probabilistic uncertainty modeling for mass, damping, and stiffness, (ii) Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) to efficiently explore parameter variations, (iii) Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for estimating failure probabilities under stochastic excitations, and (iv) machine learning models, including Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Neural Networks (NNs), to predict structural responses and failure probabilities. The results demonstrate that ensemble methods, such as RF and XGBoost, provide high accuracy and can effectively identify important features. Neural Networks perform well for capturing nonlinear behavior, although careful tuning is required to prevent overfitting. The framework is further extended to a 10-DOF structure, and the simulation results confirm that machine learning-based models are highly effective for large-scale reliability analysis. These findings highlight the synergy between simulation methods and data-driven models in enhancing the reliability of TMD systems under uncertain inputs.
Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride via Activation of Peroxymonosulfate by Magnetic Nickel–Cobalt Ferrite: Role of High-Valent Metal Species as Primary Reactive Agents
Authors: Xie Hangang , Ding Mingmei , Xu Hang
Published: February 2025

Non-radical-based advanced oxidation processes, particularly those dominated by high-valent metals, have caught a great deal of attention because of their exceptional degradation selectivity and robust interference resistance. This study reports the synthesis of a novel ferrite, designated as Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4, through a solvothermal reaction, aimed at activating PMS for the removal of TCH from water. It was observed that calcination time played an important role in adjusting the particle size of the catalyst, which subsequently increased its surface area. This enlargement, in turn, led to an increase in active sites, ultimately enhancing the catalytic efficiency. Within the Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4/PMS system, high-valent metals Fe(IV) and Co(IV) became prominent as the primary active species, with O21 serving as a secondary contributor. The activation mechanism of PMS was thoroughly analyzed and discussed. Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 exhibited remarkable stability in complex reaction environments and during multiple recycling tests, maintaining a TCH removal efficiency exceeding 98%. This study not only increases awareness of the interaction between catalyst structure and performance but also provides a viable platform for high-valent metal-dominated ferrite catalysts.
Factor reumatoideo y anti-CCP, utilidad diagnóstica y relación con la severidad de la artritis reumatoide
Authors: Castillo Rojas Jhon Fernando , Ortiz Tejedor Jonnathan Gerardo
Published: February 2025

El diagnóstico y clasificación temprana de la artritis reumatoide son cruciales para prevenir daños articulares y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes, debido a su prevalencia a nivel mundial. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la utilidad diagnóstica de los biomarcadores factor reumatoideo y anticuerpos contra péptidos cíclicos citrulinados en la identificación de la artritis reumatoide y su relación con la severidad de la enfermedad. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo de corte transversal, con un enfoque de análisis documental secundario en 296 pacientes diagnosticados con artritis reumatoide, atendidos en un hospital de segundo nivel en la ciudad de Loja, Ecuador, durante el año 2023. Los resultados indicaron que el 81.1% de los pacientes se encuentra en etapas iniciales de la enfermedad, destacando la importancia de la detección temprana para prevenir daños articulares. La prevalencia fue mayor en mujeres, con el 79.4%, lo que sugiere la necesidad de enfoques diagnósticos específicos; el 92.6% de los pacientes eran adultos y mayores, por lo que se recomienda la aplicación de estrategias de manejo adaptadas. Los dos biomarcadores presentaron asociaciones significativas con las etapas de severidad de la enfermedad, siendo el de anticuerpos contra péptidos cíclicos citrulinados más confiable y específico en un 95%, lo que resalta la necesidad del uso complementario de ambos para una evaluación integral del paciente.
Harmonização orofacial associada a múltiplas técnicas: relato de caso
Authors: Martins Lídia Batista Conrado , Mattos Thiago Borges , Filho Francisco Cerdeira , Fonseca Paula Karoline , Rocha Nathalia Duarte Barros , Costa Matheus Silva , Freitas Larissa Costa , Souza Érica Leonel Sobral de
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico demonstrando a correlação entre o uso de diversas técnicas da harmonização orofacial na tentativa de homogeinizar traços faciais perdidos pelo dinamismo corporal, delineando  de forma suave movimentos expressivos  de alta tonicidade, baseado em parâmetros clínicos individualizados Detalhamentos de Caso: Paciente sexo feminino, 31 anos de idade, sem desvio de normalidade de cunho sistêmico, foi submetido a análise facial prevendo balanceamento das estruturas  anatômicas crânio faciais através do uso de produtos com reologias diferentes, correlacionando as regiões a serem aplicadas com sua devida indicação. A conduta clínica deu se pela associação de métodos como lipoplastia cirùrgica, preenchimento facial e uso de substânica bioestimuladora, realizadas em um intervalo pertinente ao tempo de ação de cada material. Conclusão: utilizando de pontos anatômicos estratégicos foi possível o alcance de suporte mecânico muscular e aumento de densidade dérmica.
نوازل الصلاة المتعلقة بجائحة كورونا المستجد (Covid – 19) دراسة فقهية تأصيلية
Authors: عبد الرحمن حمود المطيري
Published: February 2025

تتناول هذه الدراسة أهم النوازل الفقهية المتعلقة بجائحة فيروس كورونا كوفيد-19وهي النوازل المتصلةبقوام الدين وعموده وهي الصلاة، إيضاحًا لغموضها وإزالة لالتباسها.
فناقشت هذه الدراسة نوازل الأذان، والصلاة والقنوت لرفع هذا الفيروس، والتباعد بين المصلين، وحضور الجمعة والجماعة للمصاب به، وترك الجُمعة والجماعة، والجَمْع بين الصلاتين بسبب انتشاره، وتعدد الجُمَعِبهذه الجائحة، ثم كانت خاتمة المناقشات حكم تعليق الجمع والجماعات في المساجد بجائحة فيروس كورونا، فبينت أحكامها من حيث التكليف أو الوضع، وإيجاد البدائل الشرعية مما يتخلّص به من المآثم والبطلان ويُخرَجُ به إلى رخص الله جل وعلا.
وخلصت هذه الدراسة إلى نتائج جليلة من أهمها: أن الموازنة الصحيحة في مسألة تعليق الجمعة والجماعة في مساجد المدينة تقتضي إقامة الشعائر التعبدية في المساجد ولو بالعدد الذي يسقط فرض الكفاية، وأن للقائمين على رعاية المساجد تنظيم الجمع والجماعات فيها من حيث الإجراءات النافعة للوقاية من هذا الفيروس.
وهذا يحقق المصلحة الدنيوية المظنونة في الحد من احتمالية العدوى، والمصلحة الدينية القطعية في المحافظة على الشعائر التعبدية في المساجد، ويدفع الضررين المترتبين على تفويتهما.
والحمد لله رب العالمين
الكلمات الافتتاحية: فيروس، كورونا، كوفيد، الصلاة، الأذان، القنوت، الجمعة، الجماعة، المساجد.
نوازل الوقف المتعلقة بجائحة كورونا المستجد (Covid – 19) دراسة فقهية تطبيقية
Authors: مريم عبد الرحمن الأحمد
Published: February 2025

يعيش العالم اليوم أزمة صحية متمثلة في تفشي فايروس كورونا المستجد (COVID-19)وقد تظافرت الجهود للحد منه ، والتصدي لآثاره ، وللوقف دور في تخفيف الأزمات المالية على مستوى الأفراد والدول .
وتأتي أهمية البحث من موضوعه ، فإنه يتحدث عننوازل الوقف المتعلقة بفايروس مستجد ، عمت به البلوى ، وأدى إلى تداعيات اقتصادية .
ويحاول هذا البحث إبراز مسائل الوقف المرتبطة بفايروس كورونا ، وبيان حكم تغيير شرط الواقف ، ودور الوقف الكويتي في مواجهة هذا الفيروس .
ويهدف البحث إلى تقديم مقترحات لما يواجه الوقف من معضلات عند الجوائح ، كما يهدف إلى توعية الواقف بأنفع المصارف ، خاصة ما يناسب المستجدات والطوارئ ، ثم التطبيق على الوقف في دولة الكويت عند مواجهة وباء كورونا .
وقد خلص البحث إلى عدة نتائج ، أبرزها : جواز تغيير شرط الواقف لمواجهة الوباء المستجد ، مع مراعاة أن الضرورة تقدر بقدرها ، والعودة إلى شرط الواقف عند انتهاء الوباء .
الكلمات المفتاحية :وقف – وباء – كورونا- جائحة
أثر جائحة كورونا المستجد (Covid – 19) على تأجيل المستحقات المالية في المصارف الإسلامية – دراسة فقهية
Authors: مطلق جاسر الجاسر
Published: February 2025

يتناول هذا البحث مسألة تأجيل المستحقات المالية في المصارف الإسلامية، كأحد مستتبعات جائحة انتشار فيروسكرونا (covid-19) المستجد، ويهدف إلى تقديم الحلول الشرعية والمعالجات المناسبة لإشكالية آثار هذا التـأجيل، مبرزًا سعة الفقه الإسلامي وشموله واستيعابه لكافة الظروف والنوازل، من خلال دراسة إلزام المصارف الإسلامية بتأجيل المستحقات المالية، وآثار هذا الإلزام، ومعالجة هذه الآثار، وطرح فكرة تعويض ضرر تكلفة الفرصة البديلة، وتمويل المصارف الإسلامية للدولة.
النوازل الأسرية والجنائية المتعلقة بجائحة كورونا المستجد (Covid – 19)
Authors: راشد سعد الهاجري
Published: February 2025

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة النوازل الأسرية والجنائية المتعلقة بجائحة فيروس كورونا المستجد ((COVID-19 ، من خلال التعريف بالفيروس ونشأته ومفهوم العدوى به ، وبيان الأحكام المتعلقة بالأسرة ، من حق التفريق بين الزوجين من خلال خيار فسخ عقد الزواج إذا ما أصيب أحد الزوجين ، وحق الحضانة للمصاب وكونه يعد من مسقطات الحضانة حفاظاً على المحضون ، ومن ثم اعتبار المصاب إن نقل العدوى بالفيروس عمداً مستحقاً للقصاص , وإن كان خطأ فعليه الدية ، وحكم خطأ الطبيب وأنه لايعد مسؤولاً مالم يفرط أو يتعدى ، وفي حال ازدحام المصابين مع نقص الموارد الطبية ثمة معايير سبعة يمكن للطبيب الاهتداء بها لإنقاذ المصابين ، وقد توصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج منها أن العدوى ثابتة بتقدير الله لحكمة الابتلاء ، والإصابة بفيروس كورونا يعد عيباً يجوز به فسخ عقد الزواج وللقاضي إمضاؤه أو رده بحسب قول أهل الخبرة والاختصاص ، وأن الحضانة للمصاب بالفيروس تسقط خوفاً على المحضون وللحاضن أن يباشرها عن طريق غيره ، ويقتل قصاصاً من تعمد نقل الفيروس للغير عمداً عدواناً فإن كان خطأ فعليه الدية ، ثم وضع سبعة معايير لإزدحام المصابين مع ندرة الأجهزة الطبية ، ثم التوصيات .
الكلمات المفتاحية: فيروس كورونا،حضانة، المزاحمة في العلاج، العدوى ، جائحة كورونا
النوازل الطبية المتعلقة بجائحة كورونا المستجد (Covid – 19)
Authors: أبرار أحمد هادي
Published: February 2025

تناولت هذه الدراسة أهم النوازل الطبية المتعلقة بجائحة فيروس كورونا المستجد(COVID-19)، المتمثلة في استقراء المسائل والفتاوى والاجتهادات المعاصرة المتعلقة بها ثم جمعها واستنباط أحكامها وتأصيلها ومعالجتها فقهيًا من خلال مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية والقواعد وفقه الأولويات والموازنات.
وقد تضمنت الدراسة تعريف مفرداتها،ومن ثم بيان حكم التجارب الطبية السريرية للقاح فيروسكورونا المستجد، انتقالاً منه إلى بيان من له الأولوية حال تزاحم المصابين بمرض كورونا المستجد على المستشفيات والموارد الطبية، إضافة إلى الحكم المترتب على شح المستلزمات الطبية (الكمامات). وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج تمثل أهمها في أن النوازل الطبية المتعلقة بفيروس كورونا مرتكزة علىمقاصد الشريعة وفقه الأولويات والموازنات والنظر في المآلات،ومبنية على قواعد عديدة أبرزها القواعد الدالة على إزالة الضرر، والقواعد الدالة على جلب المصالح ودرء المفاسد. وجواز التجارب السريرية للقاح فيروس كورونا بشروط وضوابط معينة يجب توفرها. وأنه لا يقدم أحد على أحد عند التزاحم على المستشفيات والمستلزمات الطبية إلا بمرجح، الأول: الأسبقية، الثاني: شدة الحاجة، الثالث: زيادة رجاء الحياة بسبب العلاج، الرابع: زيادة رجاء الشفاء والبرء عند تقديم العلاج، الخامس: القرعة. وأن حكم تقصير وحلق اللحية خاص بالكوادر الطبية والمرضى المصابين بمرض كورونا ومن يعتني بهم والمخالطين لهم فقط عند شح الموارد الطبية(الكمامات) لما تسببه من نقل العدوى.

الكلمات الدالة:
النوازل، النوازل الطبية، جائحة، فيروس كورونا، التجارب السريرية، التزاحم، موارد طبية، (COVID-19)
أثر تغير التكييف الفقهي لعقود التوريد في المؤسسات المالية الإسلامية على حكمها وأعمالها فيها
Authors: الحيص إبراهيم غنيم
Published: February 2025

يطلق التكييف الفقهي للنوازل عند المعاصرين ويقصد به: التصور المحكم لحقيقة الواقعة لإلحاقها بأصل فقهي معتبر بعد التحقق من المماثلة بينهما. فيكون بذلك جزءًا من الاجتهاد التنزيلي.
 وقد سلكت في هذا البحث المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي، فتناولت في مباحثه الثلاثة الأُوَل: مشروعيته ومقوماته وضوابطه وما يتصل بذلك. ثم بينت أسباب تغير التكييف الفقهي، والعوامل المؤثرة فيه، مع بيان دور المجامع والندوات الفقهية في تصحيح المنتجات المالية الإسلامية وتطويرها. وأما المبحث الرابع: فقد تناولت فيه حقيقة عقد التوريد، وأنه عقد يلتزم فيه أحد المتعاقدين للآخر، بتسليمه سلعًا موصوفة أو خدمات معينة، مؤجلة، دفعة واحدة أو دفعات، بثمن معلوم. وذكرت صوره، ثم حصرت أقوال المعاصرين في تكييفه، وبينت أثر كل تكييف على حكمه وصيغته عند العمل به في المؤسسات المالية الإسلامية.
وأما مشكلة البحث؛ فتكمن في معرفة التكييف الفقهي المناسب لعقد التوريد؛ لأن الاختلاف فيه يؤثر على تطبيقاته.
وقد خُتم البحث بنتائج أهمها:
الأولى: أنه لا يمكن إطلاق حكم واحد على عقد التوريد؛ بسبب تعدد صوره المؤثرة في التكييف والحكم.
الثانية: أن صورة عقد التوريد التي وقع فيها الخلاف بين المعاصرين في تكييفها وحكمها على عدة أقوال، هي: إذا كان الاتفاق على سبيل العقد أو المواعدة الملزمة على سلعة لا تتطلب صناعة، وأُجِّل فيه الثمن كله أو بعضه. فتكييفها:

إذا كانت السلعة فيه موصوفة ومعينة لكنها غائبة فتحمل على بيع الغائب على الصفة.
إذا كانت السلعة فيه موصوفة في الذمة غير معينة فهي على حالتين:

أن يتعاقد فيها بلفظ السلم: فهو عقد سلم لفظًا ومعنًى، فيجب فيه تعجيل الثمن، وإلا بَطَل العقد.
أن يتم التعاقد بلفظ البيع: فالقول بأنها سَلَم هو الأقوى من حيث التقعيد، لكن القول بجوازها للحاجة والمصلحة الراجحة متجه.
أثر التكييف الفقهي لعقود الخيارات على حكمها وتطبيقاتها
Authors: الناهض عبدالعزيز أحمد
Published: February 2025

أضحت عقود الخيارات اليوم من أبرز ابتكارات الهندسة المالية في أسواق المال بهدف التحوط وتقليل المخاطر والاستثمار، وتفارق عقود الخيارات، الخيار الشرعي المعروف في الفقه الإسلامي، مما أدى إلى اختلاف الفقهاء المعاصرين في تكييفها الفقهي ومن ثم في حكمها الشرعي. يهدف البحث إلى التعريف بماهية عقود الخيارات، وبيان الأقوال الفقهية المعاصرة في حكمها الشرعي، وبيان اتجاهات الفقهاء المعاصرين في التكييف الفقهي لعقود الخيارات، وأثر التكييف الفقهي لعقود الخيارات على حكمها الشرعي، وعلى عمل المؤسسات المالية الإسلامية. اعتمد البحث على المنهج الاستقرائي لمعرفة أقوال الفقهاء المعاصرين في الحكم الشرعي لعقود الخيارات، واستقراء اتجاهاتهم في التكييف الفقهي لعقود الخيارات، وكذلك اعتمد البحث على المنهج التحليلي المقارن القائم على استنباط آثار التكييف الفقهي لعقود الخيارات على حكمها الشرعي، وأثر ذلك على أعمال المؤسسات المالية الإسلامية. وخلص البحث إلى أن أبرز الاتجاهات المعاصرة في التكييف الفقهي لعقود الخيارات على أنها: خيار الشرط، وبيع العربون، وهبة مشروطة في عقد البيع، وعقد جديد مستحدث. وأن أثر التكييف الفقهي لعقود الخيارات ظاهرٌ على حكمها الشرعي، فمن جعلها نوعًا من خيار الشرط أباح عقود الخيارات مطلقًا، ومن جعلها شبيهةٌ ببيع العربون أباح خيار الشراء دون خيار البيع، ومن جعلوها من العقود المستحدثة فقد اختلفت أقوالهم في حكمها الشرعي.
تغير واختلاف التكييف الفقهي لخطاب الضمان وأثر ذلك في أعمال المؤسسات المالية الإسلامية فيه -دراسة تأصيلية تطبيقية
Authors: الفهد أحمد فهد
Published: February 2025

ملخص البحث: خطاب الضمان من المنتجات المالية المهمة، وهو من أنواع الكفالات المصرفية.
مشكلة البحث: كان للاختلاف بين الباحثين المعاصرين وتغير اجتهاد وفتوى عدد من الهيئات الشرعية في تكييف خطاب الضمان، والمسائل التابعة له، أثرٌ في أعمال المؤسسات المالية فيه، وكل ذلك يثير عدداً من التساؤلات التي يهدف هذا البحث للإجابة عنها.
ومن أهداف البحث: 1- تتبع التغير الاجتهادي لهذا الموضوع، واستقراء ذلك من خلال قرارات المجامع والهيئات الشرعية. ٢- بيان الأثر الفقهي في العمل المصرفي بسبب الاختلاف في مسائل هذا الموضوع، وقد كانت الدراسة التطبيقية على مصارف: الراجحي، وبوبيان، والبحرين، والإنماء، والإثمار.
منهج البحث: اتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي والاستنباطي والاستقرائي والتطبيقي.
ومن نتائج البحث: 1- إذا كان خطاب الضمان مغطى فيكيف بأنه وكالة، وإذا كان غير مغطى، فهو ضمان، وإن كانت التغطية جزئية، فيعطى كل جزء حكمه. 2- يجوز للمصرف أن يأخذ مقابل المصاريف الإدراية في خطاب الضمان. ٣- لايجوز أخذ العوض على مجرد الكفالة. ٤- أن اختلاف المجامع الفقهية والهيئات الشرعية في تكييف خطاب الضمان عاد بأثره على أعمال المؤسسات المالية فيه، كأخذ الأجرة على إصداره، أوتجديده.
ومن التوصيات: 1-أن يُعتنى في البحوث الأكاديمية بأسباب الاختلاف في تكييف المنتجات المالية، والآثار الإيجابية والسلبية لذلك. 2-دراسة واقع المصارف والمؤسسات المالية، ومدى تطابقه مع القرارات التي تصدرها الهيئات الشرعية فيها.
أثر تغير التكييف الفقهي لخطاب الضمان في المصارف الإسلامية في حكمه وأعماله فيه -دراسة فقهية
Authors: الرشيدي عبد الله عويد
Published: February 2025

تنبع أهمية البحث فيما للتكييف الفقهي من أثر في بيان الأحكام الفقهية المتعلقة بخطاب الضمان، ويهدف البحث إلى إبراز أسباب تغير التكييف الفقهي والعوامل المؤثرة في ذلك التغير وواقعه من خلال قرارات المجامع الفقهية والهيئات الشرعية للبنوك الإسلامية.
ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف اعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الاستقرائي، وتمثلت مشكلة البحث في أن تكييف خطاب الضمان مر بتغيرات فقهية، فما أسباب ذلك التغيير؟ وما الآثار الفقهية المترتبة عليه؟
وقد سلط البحث الضوء على تعريف تغير التكييف الفقهي، وأسبابه، والعوامل المؤثرة، والآثار الفقهية المترتبة على تغير التكييف الفقهي لخطاب الضمان، وواقع تغير التكييف الفقهي لخطاب الضمان من خلال قرارات  المجامع الفقهية والهيئات الشرعية للبنوك الإسلامية.
وقد توصل البحث إلى عدد من النتائج منها: أن لتغير تكييف خطاب الضمان أثرًا على حكم الرسوم التي يأخذها البنك من العميل مقابل خطاب الضمان، فمن قال أنه وكالة أجازها، ومن قال أنه ضمان لم يجزها، وجواز استثمار البنك لغطاء خطاب الضمان، ويوصي البحث بتكثيف الدراسات المتعلقة بتغير التكييف الفقهي.
Oblikovanje kolekcĳe anatomske obuće za djelatnice predškolskih institucĳa
Authors: Cecarko Romana , Lazar Karolina , Kutnjak-Mravlinčić Suzana
Published: February 2025

U radu je prikazn razvoj kolekcije anatomske ženske obuće s ciljem oblikovanja funkcionalne, anatomske i dekorativne obuće za djelatnice predškolskih institucija. U uvodnom djelu rada sažeto su opisana obilježja i zahtjevi radne obuće. Eksperimentalni dio rada sastoji se od idejnih rješenja dizajniranja kolekcije anatomske ženske obuće, odabira idejnih rješenja za realizaciju prototipa, odabira materijala, razvoja modela, modeliranja i konstrukcije te izrade šablona. U rezultatima rada prikazani su prototipovi mini kolekcije anatomske ženske obuće realizirani u suradnji s gospodarstvom, u tvornici obuće JELEN PROFESSIONAL d.o.o., po fazama i tehnološkim operacijama industrijskog načina proizvodnje obuće. Iako je kolekcija predstavljena u ovom radu namijenjena prvenstveno za djelatnice u dječjim vrtićima, moguća je primjena i u drugim institucijama vezanim uz predškolski uzrast kao npr. pedijatrijski odjeli u zdravstvenim ustanovama.