bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiviral immune responses, cellular metabolism and adhesion are differentially modulated by SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a or ORF7b
Authors: García-García Tránsito , Fernández-Rodríguez Raúl , Redondo Natalia , de Lucas-Rius Ana , Zaldívar-López Sara , Dies López-Ayllón Blanca , Suárez-Cárdenas José M. , Jiménez-Marín Ángeles , Montoya María , Garrido Juan J.
Published: June 2022

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the present COVID-19 pandemic, possesses eleven accessory proteins encoded in its genome, and some have been implicated in facilitating infection and pathogenesis through their interaction with cellular components. Among these proteins, accessory protein ORF7a and ORF7b functions are poorly understood. In this study, A549 cells were transduced to express ORF7a and ORF7b, respectively, to explore more in depth the role of each accessory protein in the pathological manifestation leading to COVID-19. Bioinformatic analysis and integration of transcriptome results identified defined canonical pathways and functional groupings revealing that after expression of ORF7a or ORF7b, the lung cells are potentially altered to create conditions more favorable for SARS-CoV-2, by inhibiting the IFN-I response, increasing proinflammatory cytokines release, and altering cell metabolic activity and adhesion. Based on these results, it is reasonable to suggest that ORF7a and ORF7b could be targeted by new therapies or used as future biomarkers during this pandemic.
Early Stages of Misfolding of PAP248-286 at two different pH values: An Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Agrawal Nikhil , Parisini Emilio
Published: June 2022

PAP248-286 peptides, which are highly abundant in human semen, aggregate and form amyloid fibrils that enhance HIV infection. Previous experimental studies have shown that the infection-promoting activity of PAP248-286 begins to increase well before amyloid formation takes place and that pH plays a key role in the enhancement of PAP248-286-related infection. Hence, understanding the early stages of misfolding of the PAP2482-86 peptide is crucial. To this end, we have performed 60 independent MD simulations for a total of 24 μs at two different pH values (4.2 and 7.2). Our data shows that misfolding of the PAP248-286 peptide is a multistage process and that the first step of the process is a transition from an “I-shaped” structure to a “U-shaped” structure. We further observed that the structure of PAP248-286 at the two different pH values shows significantly different features. At pH 4.2, the peptide has less intra-molecular H-bonds and a reduced α-helical content than at pH 7.2. Moreover, differences in intra-peptide residues contacts are also observed at the two pH values. Finally, free energy landscape analysis shows that there are more local minima in the energy surface of the peptide at pH 7.2 than at pH 4.2. Overall, the present study elucidates the early stages of misfolding of the PAP248-286 peptide at the atomic level, thus possibly opening new avenues in structure-based drug discovery against HIV infection.
Glycoproteomics Identifies Plexin-B3 as Targetable Cell Surface Protein Required for Growth and Invasion of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kuhlmann Laura , Govindarajan Meinusha , Mejia-Guerrero Salvador , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Liu Lydia Y. , Grünwald Barbara T. , Cruickshank Jennifer , Berman Hal , Khokha Rama , Kislinger Thomas
Published: June 2022

Driven by the lack of targeted therapies, triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) have the worst overall survival of all breast cancer subtypes. Considering cell surface proteins are favorable drug targets and are predominantly glycosylated, glycoproteome profiling has significant potential to facilitate the identification of much-needed drug targets for TNBC. Here, we performed N-glycoproteomics on six TNBC and five normal control (NC) cell lines using hydrazide-based enrichment. Quantitative proteomics and integrative data mining led to the discovery of Plexin-B3 (PLXNB3), a previously undescribed TNBC-enriched cell surface protein. Furthermore, siRNA knock-down and CRISPR-Cas9 editing of in vitro and in vivo models show that PLXNB3 is required for TNBC cell line growth, invasion, and migration. Altogether, we provide insight into N-glycoproteome remodeling associated with TNBC and functional evaluation of an extracted target, which indicate the surface protein PLXNB3 as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.

Highlights

In-depth N-glycoproteomic profiles of six TNBC and five NC cell line models

Identification of PLXNB3 as a novel TNBC-enriched cell surface protein

PLXNB3 affects growth, invasion, and migration in TNBC models

PLXNB3 inhibition represents a targeted treatment option for TNBC
Spatiotemporal dynamics of zygotic genome activation in basal chordates revealed by interspecific hybrids
Authors: Wei Jiankai , Zhang Wei , Leng Liang , Jiang An , Li Yuting , Ge Yonghang , Zhang Quanyong , Zhang Liya , Yu Haiyan , Chen Kai , Dong Bo
Published: June 2022

Zygotic genome activation (ZGA), a universal process in early embryogenesis that occurs during the maternal-to-zygotic transition, involves reprogramming in the zygotic nucleus that initiates global transcription. In recent decades, knowledge of this process has been acquired from research on various model organisms; however, a consensus explanation of the mechanism underlying the process, especially in relation to housekeeping gene reactivation, is lacking. Here, we used hybrids derived from two ascidian species (Ciona robusta and C. savignyi), which diverged >120 Mya with significant divergence among most orthologous genes, to symmetrically document the unique dynamics of ZGA in urochordates. We found two co-ordinated waves of ZGA, representing early developmental and housekeeping gene reactivation, during the 8-cell to 110-cell stage. Comparative analysis revealed the regulatory connection between maternal and zygotic genes as well as allelic-specific expression in a species-rather than parental-related manner, which was attributed to the divergence of cis-regulatory elements. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that spatial differential reactivation of paternal housekeeping genes was significantly correlated with the mechanical property of each cell type. These findings potentially provide a new system for understanding the evolution and adaptation of strategies regulating ZGA in basal chordates.
Cortical areas involved in grasping and reaching actions with and without visual information: an ALE meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies
Authors: Sartin Samantha , Ranzini Mariagrazia , Scarpazza Cristina , Monaco Simona
Published: June 2022

The functional specialization of the ventral stream in Perception and the dorsal stream in Action is the cornerstone of the leading model proposed by Goodale and Milner in 1982. This model is based on neuropsychological evidence and has been a matter of debate for almost three decades, during which the dual-visual stream hypothesis has received much attention, including support and criticisms. The advent of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has allowed investigating the brain areas involved in Perception and Action and provided useful data on the functional specialization of the two streams. Research on this topic has been quite prolific, yet very little attempt has been made so far to identify consistent neuroimaging results across the available literature. In particular, no meta-analysis has explored the spatial convergence in the involvement of the two streams in Action. The present meta-analysis (N=53) was designed to reveal the specific neural activations associated with Action (i.e., grasping and reaching movements), and the extent to which visual information affects the involvement of the two streams during motor control. Our results provide a comprehensive view of the consistent and spatially convergent neural correlates of Action based on neuroimaging studies conducted over the past two decades. We discuss our results in light of the well-established dual-visual stream model and frame these findings in the context of recent discoveries obtained with advanced fMRI methods, such as multivoxel pattern analysis.
Rapid and Live-cell Detection of Senescence in Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Micro Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry
Authors: Thamarath Smitha Surendran , Tee Ching Ann , Neo Shu Hui , Yang Dahou , Othman Rashidah , Boyer Laurie A. , Han Jongyoon
Published: June 2022

Detection of cellular senescence is important quality analytics for cell therapy products, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, their detection is critically limited by the lack of specific markers and the destructive assays used to read out these markers. Here, we establish a rapid, live-cell assay for detecting senescent cells using heterogeneous mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) cultures. We report that the T2 relaxation time measured by microscale Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry (µMRR), which is related to intracellular iron accumulation, correlates strongly with senescent markers in MSC cultures under diverse conditions including different passages and donors, size-sorted MSCs by inertial spiral microfluidic device, and drug-induced senescence. In addition, the live-cell and non-destructive method presented here has general applicability to other cells and tissues, and can critically advance our understanding of cellular senescence.
Diacylglycerol at the inner nuclear membrane fuels nuclear envelope expansion in closed mitosis
Authors: Foo Sherman , Cazenave-Gassiot Amaury , Wenk Markus R. , Oliferenko Snezhana
Published: June 2022

Nuclear envelope (NE) expansion must be controlled to maintain nuclear shape and function. The nuclear membrane expands massively during ‘closed’ mitosis, enabling chromosome segregation within an intact NE. Phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DG) can both serve as biosynthetic precursors for membrane lipid synthesis. How they are regulated in time and space and what are the implications of changes in their flux for mitotic fidelity is largely unknown. Using genetically encoded PA and DG probes, we show that DG is depleted from the inner nuclear membrane during mitosis in the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe, but PA does not accumulate, indicating that it is rerouted to membrane synthesis. We demonstrate that DG-to-PA conversion catalysed by the diacylglycerol kinase Dgk1 and direct glycerophospholipid synthesis from DG by diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase / ethanolaminephosphotransferase Ept1 reinforce NE expansion. We conclude that DG consumption through bothde novoand the Kennedy pathways fuels a spike in glycerophospholipid biosynthesis, controlling NE expansion, and ultimately, mitotic fidelity.
Hydrophobic mismatch drives self-organization of designer proteins into synthetic membranes
Authors: Peruzzi Justin A. , Steinkühler Jan , Vu Timothy Q. , Gunnels Taylor F. , Lu Peilong , Baker David , Kamat Neha P.
Published: June 2022

The extent to which membrane biophysical properties, such as hydrophobic thickness, can drive membrane protein organization remains unknown. Inspired by this question, we usedde novoprotein design, molecular dynamic simulations, and cell-free systems to elucidate how membrane-protein hydrophobic mismatch affects protein integration and organization in synthetic lipid membranes. We found that membranes must deform to accommodate membrane-protein hydrophobic mismatch, which reduces the expression and co-translational insertion of membrane proteins into synthetic membranes. We used this principle to sort proteins both between and within membranes, thereby achieving one-pot assembly of vesicles with distinct functions and controlled split-protein assembly, respectively. Our results shed light on protein organization in biological membranes and provide a framework to self-organizing membrane-based materials with new functions.
Targeted protein degradation using degradFP in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Ishii Midori , Akiyoshi Bungo
Published: June 2022

Targeted protein degradation is an invaluable tool in studying the function of proteins. Such a tool was not available in Trypanosoma brucei, an evolutionarily divergent eukaryote that causes human African trypanosomiasis. Here, we have adapted degradFP (degrade Green Fluorescent Protein), a protein degradation system based on the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and anti-GFP nanobody, in T. brucei. As a proof of principle, we targeted a kinetoplastid kinetochore protein (KKT3) that constitutively localizes at kinetochores in the nucleus. Induction of degradFP in a cell line that had both alleles of KKT3 tagged with YFP caused more severe growth defect than RNAi in procyclic (insect form) cells. degradFP also worked on a cytoplasmic protein (COPII subunit, SEC31). Given the easiness in making GFP fusion cell lines in T. brucei, degradFP can serve as a powerful tool to rapidly deplete proteins of interest, especially those with low turnover rates.
The microRNA-183/96/182 cluster inhibits lung cancer progression and metastasis by inducing an interleukin-2-mediated antitumor CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell response
Authors: Kundu Samrat T. , Rodriguez B. Leticia , Gibson Laura A. , Warner Amanda N. , Perez Mabel G. , Bajaj Rakhee , Fradette Jared J. , Class Caleb A. , Solis Luisa M. , Rojas Alvarez Frank R. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Diao Lixia , Chen Fengju , Sachdeva Mohit , Wang Jing , Kirsch David G. , Creighton Chad J. , Gibbons Don L.
Published: June 2022

One of the mechanisms by which cancer cells acquire hyperinvasive and migratory properties with progressive loss of epithelial markers is the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We have previously reported that in different cancer types, including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the microRNA-183/96/182 cluster (m96cl) is highly repressed in cells that have undergone EMT. In the present study, we used a novel conditional m96cl mouse to establish that loss of m96cl accelerated the growth of Kras mutant autochthonous lung adenocarcinomas. In contrast, ectopic expression of the m96cl in NSCLC cells results in a robust suppression of migration and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Detailed immune profiling of the tumors revealed a significant enrichment of activated CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ CTLs) in m96cl-expressing tumors, and m96cl-mediated suppression of tumor growth and metastasis was CD8+ CTL-dependent. Using coculture assays with naïve immune cells, we show that m96cl expression drives paracrine stimulation of CD8+ CTL proliferation and function. Using tumor microenvironment-associated gene expression profiling, we identified that m96cl elevates the interleukin-2 (IL2) signaling pathway and results in increased IL2-mediated paracrine stimulation of CD8+ CTLs. Furthermore, we identified that the m96cl modulates the expression of IL2 in cancer cells by regulating the expression of transcriptional repressors Foxf2 and Zeb1, and thereby alters the levels of secreted IL2 in the tumor microenvironment. Last, we show that in vivo depletion of IL2 abrogates m96cl-mediated activation of CD8+ CTLs and results in loss of metastatic suppression. Therefore, we have identified a novel mechanistic role of the m96cl in the suppression of lung cancer growth and metastasis by inducing an IL2-mediated systemic CD8+ CTL immune response.
Understanding consumers' intention to revisit bubble tea stores: an application of the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Koay Kian Yeik , Cheah Chee Wei
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Although the bubble tea market has been growing rapidly in recent years, not many studies have been conducted to understand why consumers revisit bubble tea stores. This study aims to understand consumers' intention to revisit bubble tea stores drawing on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).

Design/methodology/approach

Using the online survey method, data are collected from 166 bubble tea drinkers in Malaysia. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is used to verify the hypotheses.

Findings

The findings indicate that attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control have a significant positive influence on revisit intention. In addition, product quality, price fairness and store atmosphere have a significant positive influence on attitudes. Support is not found for the positive influence of service quality on attitudes.

Originality/value

This study provides fresh insights into the factors that influence consumers' intention to revisit bubble tea stores with empirical data from Malaysia. Furthermore, this study also offers useful practical recommendations to bubble tea store owners or franchisers on how to retain consumers.
From shared leadership to proactive customer service performance: a multilevel investigation
Authors: Ji Lijian , Ye Yijiao , Deng Xincai
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to develop and examine a cross-level model of the link between shared leadership and hotel employees’ proactive customer service performance (PCSP) by investigating employees’ harmonious passion as a mediator and employees’ traditionality as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical linear modeling based on multilevel data from 353 frontline service employees in 148 teams across 10 Chinese hotels.

Findings

The results revealed that shared leadership promoted frontline service employees’ PCSP by enhancing their harmonious passion. Moreover, when employees traditionality was high, harmonious passion was less influenced by shared leadership. When employees traditionality was low, shared leadership exerted a more positive influence on harmonious passion. In addition, harmonious passion mediated the interactive effect of shared leadership and traditionality on frontline service employees’ PCSP.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that organizations should cultivate shared leadership to promote frontline service employees’ PCSP. Organizations should also seek to enhance employees’ harmonious passion and foster a low-traditionality environment with the aim of maximizing the positive influence of shared leadership.

Originality/value

First, this research expands the leadership-PCSP literature by shifting the research focus from vertical leadership to shared leadership. Second, it offers a novel framework based on self-determination theory to clarify the influence of shared leadership on PCSP. Finally, the focus on the moderating impact of traditionality identifies a new contextual factor that influences the effectiveness of shared leadership.
“Building back better”: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the resilience of the hospitality and tourism industries
Authors: Colmekcioglu Nazan , Dineva Denitsa , Lu Xiaoming
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical synthesis of research conducted within the hospitality and tourism industries in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, identify key perspectives and themes relating to the recovery and resilience of the two sectors and put forward recommendations that help address organizational and consumer behavior changes produced by the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a critical reflection approach to identify, select and synthesize relevant research based on which recommendations are drawn.

Findings

This study offers a contemporary framework discussing three distinct themes that emerged from existing research regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the hospitality and tourism industries: management, marketing and consumer behavior.

Practical implications

This study offers operational, practical and actionable recommendations for organizations about how to adapt and recover from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by guiding the industry in sustaining long-term resilience.

Originality/value

This study provides a critical and current synthesis of selected literature and theory that discuss key implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the recovery and resilience-building of the hospitality and tourism sectors.
Would you mind sharing your story? A narrative exploration of incivility experiences in the Information Technology workplace
Authors: Prabhu G. , Pandey Vijyendra , Jeyavel Sundaramoorthy , Greeshma Rajgopal
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Unfortunately, workplace incivility (WI) within the information technology (IT) sector has hardly been covered in extant literature. Therefore, through narratives, this study explored various situational and cultural attributes of WI in the Indian IT sector.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted among the IT professionals (N = 24; Males = 13, Females = 11) aged between 21 and 45 years (Mean = 31.20, SD = 6.56) working in the South Indian state of Karnataka (Bengaluru).

Findings

The narrative thematic analysis yielded the following themes: Experiences of managers' ill-treatment at the workplace, co-workers incivility: dominance in the IT sector and prevalence of gender-based interpersonal discrimination. Furthermore, many sub-themes emerged under each major theme.

Research limitations/implications

Contexts and cultural attributes of WI experiences warrant reconsidering and redefining the concept's theoretical underpinnings, especially from multi-cultural contexts, i.e. India, unlike leading studies in the Western culture. Current study narratives would guide further explorations of how IT professionals wish to curtail these behaviours and suggest strategies to minimize these behaviours in the respective sector.

Originality/value

The findings pose an interesting question for further investigation such as: Do individuals who seek favours from co-workers, under certain conditions, invite the experiences of WI for themselves from potential favour-doer? In a first of its kind, the study also offered relevant insights into exploring whether intentional acts as uncivil behaviours are peculiar to multi-cultural contexts, such as in India.
The application of augmented reality in the learning of autistic students: a systematic and thematic review in 1996–2020
Authors: Lorenzo Gonzalo , Gilabert Cerdá Alba , Lorenzo-Lledó Alejandro , Lledó Asunción
Published: June 2022

Purpose

More and more diversity is present in our classrooms. As teachers, we must be able to respond to the different levels of learning presented by our students. Therefore, it is necessary to use the new emerging technologies as elements of response. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to develop a systematic and thematic review of the application of augmented reality (AR) in the learning of autistic students in the educational setting during the period 1996–2020 using the Web of Science and Scopus databases.

Design/methodology/approach

For this purpose, one of the bibliometric techniques called systematic and thematic review has been used. This technique is supported by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews methodology, and it uses a quantitative and qualitative approach. The thematic analysis will be carried out on 28 documents based on a series of indicators, including sample size, hardware devices, way of storing the information and findings obtained in the research.

Findings

The results of the work indicate that the average size of the sample is three participants, and that the most worked area has been social skills using tablets. In addition, bookmarks are often used as an element of information storage in AR.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this work focuses on the establishment of a series of thematic variables that will serve for the later development of an action protocol for the creation of AR activities for autistic students.
Sharing at social distance: “clay-footed giants” coping strategies for navigating the pandemic
Authors: Grieco Cecilia
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has led in a very short time to a worldwide pandemic that has had severe effects on both businesses and daily lives. In a scenario characterised by the social distancing imperative, the sharing economy found itself struggling to survive, deprived of its core asset, namely, peer (human) relationships. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the coping strategies that have been implemented by sharing economy platforms to navigate the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

An explorative empirical investigation of 20 sharing economy platforms was carried out during the first lockdown phase (March–June 2020). To drive the analysis, a theoretical framework was developed by merging the literature on the business model and crisis management strategies.

Findings

The answers provided by sharing economy platforms to the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have been classified into nine typologies of intervention according to the developed framework, with illustrative examples.

Originality/value

This paper provides an empirical investigation into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sharing economy field and it offers evidence about the immediate reactions of sharing platforms to the health crisis effects. The paper also introduces a framework about business model and crisis management strategies as a conceptual tool that could be adopted by firms from other industries.
Inclusive leadership and knowledge sharing in Japanese workplaces: the role of diversity in the biological sex of workplace personnel
Authors: Morinaga Yuta , Sato Yuki , Hayashi Shohei , Shimanuki Tomoyuki
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of managers’ inclusive leadership (IL) on knowledge-sharing (KS) behavior. Additionally, the authors consider the cross-level moderation effect of diversity in the biological sex of employees on the relationship between IL and employee KS behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-wave questionnaire survey was conducted in a large Japanese company. The sample included 827 employees (254 men and 573 women) in 129 groups. The authors, then, conducted a cross-level analysis using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM).

Findings

IL promotes two types of KS among employees: knowledge donating (KD) and knowledge collecting (KC). Additionally, the moderating effects of employee biological-sex diversity on the relationship between IL and KS varied according to the KS type. IL had a positive effect on KD only in groups with higher biological-sex diversity, and did not affect groups with lower biological-sex diversity. Biological-sex diversity did not moderate the relationship between IL and KC.

Practical implications

This study has practical implications, especially for personnel departments with high diversity in employees’ biological sex. Further, to improve employees’ KS behaviors, it may be important to develop managers’ IL skills.

Originality/value

This is the first study that explores the relationship between IL and KS and the first to provide evidence of the moderating effect of diversity of employee’s biological sex.
Histamine via histamine H1 receptor enhances the muscarinic receptor‐induced calcium response to acetylcholine in an enterochromaffin cell model
Authors: Pfanzagl Beatrix , Pfragner Roswitha , Jensen‐Jarolim Erika
Published: June 2022

As a prerequisite for serotonin secretion, the P‐STS ileal enterochromaffin cell line responds to acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation with an increase in intracellular calcium mediated by the muscarinic ACh receptor M3 (M3R). Histamine increases intracellular calcium via histamine H1 receptor (H1R) in P‐STS cells and pre‐incubation with histamine specifically augments the response to ACh but not to epinephrine or nicotine. We aimed to elucidate whether histamine receptors are involved in this synergism. Astonishingly, HEK‐293 T cells—known to express M3R, but only a very low amount of histamine receptor messenger RNA—showed a similar enhancement of the calcium response to ACh by pre‐incubation with histamine. Despite the much lower level of H1R protein detected in HEK‐293 T cells as compared to P‐STS cells, in both cell lines pre‐treatment with H1R antagonists inhibited the synergism between histamine and ACh. No indication for an involvement of histamine H2 or H4 receptors in the synergism was found. Furthermore, pre‐incubation with the cAMP‐inducing compound forskolin had no influence on the intracellular calcium response to ACh. Serotonin secretion from P‐STS cells was increased after challenge with ACh and histamine added simultaneously compared to ACh alone, suggesting that histamine increases ACh‐induced serotonin secretion from enterochromaffin cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that histamine enhances the M3R‐mediated intracellular calcium response to ACh via activation of H1R. This probably increases serotonin secretion from enterochromaffin cells and thereby affects intestinal motility in histamine intolerance, food allergies and irritable bowel syndrome.
Property as sovereigntyin micro: the state/property nexus and the Cyprus Problem
Authors: Rakopoulos Theodoros
Published: June 2022

This article shows that landed property can be an exercise of state sovereigntyin micro. I argue that property tightly relates to statehood and that the concept of ‘community’ offers us a lens with which to investigate that relation. Property's ‘communal’ character in Cyprus often transcends individual rights to ownership. A house belongs not to an individual, but to persons in their capacity as members of either the Greek‐Cypriot or Turkish‐Cypriot constitutional communities of the Republic. Focusing on the moral and political claims that ensue from this premise, I show how refugee Cypriots encounter and rearticulate the state in a variety of institutions as they lay claims to property (periousia) – their own or others’. Consequently, I argue that thinking through ‘community’ contributes to understandings of the linkage between property and statecraft (what I call the state/property nexus). In turn, this allows us to better comprehend statehood in post‐conflict domains.
Gender differences among persons entering medication treatment for opioid use disorder in the community
Authors: Di Paola Angela , Taweh Noor , Biondi Breanne E. , Forray Ariadna , Frank Cynthia A. , Shaw Albert , Springer Sandra A.
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives

We evaluated gender differences among persons initiating medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD).

Methods

Analyses of baseline assessments for a study evaluating the impact of MOUD on outcomes included: demographics, DSM‐5 diagnoses, depression severity, quality of life (QoL), and medication history (N = 125).

Results

When compared to men, women had a greater prevalence of generalized anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorders; and worse psychological QoL. Women were less likely to be prescribed psychiatric medications.

Discussion and Conclusions

Women may benefit from tailored multidisciplinary programs with MOUD.

Scientific Significance

This study identified that women with OUD seeking MOUD in the community had greater sedative hypnotic nonprescribed medication use and psychiatric comorbidity than men, all of which can contribute to poorer retention on MOUD and higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Thus, concurrent psychiatric disorder screening and treatment integrated with MOUD may improve retention on MOUD, opioid relapse and overdose for women.
Atomic archaeology: Italian innovation and American adventurism
Authors: Meskell Lynn
Published: June 2022

This article charts one episode in the history of archaeological field science following the end of World War II and its place within a nascent military‐industrial‐academic complex. It is an account of how archaeological innovation was tied to, and developed directly out of, US nuclear ambition and the leveraging of “peaceful” atomic research as well as American Cold War collaborations with European allies that successfully combined science, exploration, and culture for mutual benefit. The period covered is one of the most generative moments in the development of instrumentation and subsurface techniques, involving two mid‐century men who realized the potential of atomic applications in archaeology. Carlo Lerici, an Italian engineer and industrialist, and Froelich Rainey, director of the Penn Museum, were both men of science, culture, and industry. Their collaboration brought together governments, corporations, and universities to develop pathbreaking experimentation across laboratories and fieldsites. My aim is to reveal the connectivity between these disparate arenas and to underscore that such endeavors are anything but new; rather, nuclear science, tech companies, private foundations, and philanthropists, coupled with the activities of the military and intelligence community, have a deeply entrenched history in archaeology.
Sweet-like syndrome and multiple COVID arm syndrome following COVID-19 vaccines: ‘specific’ patterns in a series of 192 patients
Authors: Darrigade Anne-Sophie , Oulès Bénédicte , Sohier Pierre , Jullie Marie-Laure , Moguelet Philippe , Barbaud Annick , Soria Angèle , Vignier Nicolas , Lebrun-Vignes Bénédicte , Sanchez-Pena Paola , Chosidow Olivier , Beylot-Barry Marie , Milpied Brigitte , Dupin Nicolas ,   on behalf of the French Society of Dermatology
Published: June 2022

The two clinico-pathological patterns are ‘Sweet-like syndrome’ and ‘Multiple COVID-Arm’. ‘Sweet-like syndrome’ presents clinically as erythematous and oedematous papules or plaques, sometimes developing vesiculation or bullae. Histology shows classical Sweet syndrome with a diffuse dermal neutrophilic infiltrate, or an infiltrate of histiocyte-like immature myeloid cells consistent with a histiocytoid Sweet syndrome. ‘Multiple COVID-arm’ is characterized by multiple large inflammatory plaques with histological analyses showing a perivascular and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophils.
Conceptions and perspectives of data literacy in secondary education
Authors: Gebre Engida
Published: June 2022

Data literacy has been suggested as an important competence that individuals need to succeed in a data‐intensive society. However, there is no common understanding as to what data literacy entails and how it could be developed. Instructional emphasis on developing competence of individuals fails to capture learners' relationship to data in everyday life and limits what they can possibly achieve in data‐rich environments. This paper critically reviews conceptualizations of data literacy in the literature with a focus in K‐12 education. The analysis determined four orientations of data literacy: development of competence, inquiry with data, awareness of personal data and civic engagement. I proposed a broader conceptualization of data literacy that integrates conceptions, competencies and contexts. The study offers holistic and context‐oriented framing of data literacy for researchers and educators.

Practitioner notes

What is known about the topic

Data literacy is a potential buzzword in the recent literature. There are increasing calls for developing data literacy skills of students and the general public.

Data literacy is framed and implemented as a technical competence. Accordingly, curricular interventions and pedagogical practices focus on making use of data and benefiting from available datasets.

What this paper adds

The above framing of data literacy is too narrow to be useful in everyday life and rarely considers individuals interaction with data outside of schools.

This study develops four focus areas in the conceptualization of data literacy and suggests broader framing of the concept as it relates to everyday life.

It also suggests context‐oriented approaches to data literacy education that can go beyond classrooms and academic activities.

Implications for practice and policy

This paper has implication for educators, researchers and policy makers. It allows boarder conceptualizations of data literacy that can be used in curricular interventions. It also provides ways of designing learning environments for the data literacy education and research.
Unobservable investments, trade efficiency and search frictions
Authors: Xu Yujing
Published: June 2022

Information structure can affect market efficiency by influencing participants' investment incentives. In this case, the entrants' type distribution and the market trade efficiency are both affected by the information structure, so they are jointly determined and correlated. In order to investigate the effects of asymmetric information, this paper uses a random search model of ex ante investments and trade efficiency, assuming that the amount of investment remains the investor's private information. I show that the ex ante payoffs are equivalent to the equilibrium payoffs when investments are observable. In the unique steady state equilibrium, non‐degenerate investment distribution and price distribution emerge simultaneously with ex ante identical agents. The investments motivated by unobservability fail to improve social welfare due to the mismatches caused by unobservability. Allocating positive bargaining power to investors alleviates the mismatch problem and improves social welfare.
The Canadian Impact Assessment Act and intersectional analysis: Exaggerated tensions, fierce resistance, little understanding
Authors: Manning Susan M. , Levac Leah
Published: June 2022

Canada's newly adopted Impact Assessment Act requires gender‐based analysis plus (GBA+)—a type of intersectionality mainstreaming—as part of assessing the impacts of resource projects. This explicit inclusion of a GBA+ requirement in legislation for the first time represents an important advance in Canada's commitments to mainstreaming, and one that offers an opportunity to examine how interested policy actors both enable and challenge mainstreaming commitments in the legislative sphere. We consider what the compound problem of invisibility and resistance in the legislative process means for ongoing efforts to advance intersectional policymaking and strengthen mainstreaming in Canada and other western democracies.
Does machine‐vision‐assisted dynamic navigation improve the accuracy of digitally planned prosthetically guided immediate implant placement? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wei Shi‐Min , Li Yuan , Deng Ke , Lai Hong‐Chang , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Shi Jun‐Yu
Published: June 2022

Objectives

This randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to compare the accuracy of machine‐vision (MV)‐based dynamic navigation (DN)‐assisted immediate implant placement with the conventional freehand technique.

Material and methods

A total of 24 subjects requiring immediate implant placement in maxillary anterior teeth were randomly assigned to either the control (freehand by an experienced surgeon, n = 12) or the test group (MV‐DN, n = 12). Implant platform, implant apex, angular, and depth deviations with respect to prosthetically guided digital planning and differences in implant insertion torque (ITV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were compared between the groups.

Results

MV‐DN resulted in more accurate immediate implant position: significantly smaller global platform deviation (1.01 ± 0.41 mm vs. 1.51 ± 0.67 mm, p = .038), platform depth deviation (0.44 ± 0.46 mm vs. 0.95 ± 0.68 mm, p = .045), global apex deviation (0.88 ± 0.43 mm vs. 1.94 ± 0.86 mm, p = .001), and lateral apex deviation (0.68 ± 0.30 mm vs. 1.61 ± 0.88 mm, p = .004) were found in MV‐DN compared to controls. No significant intergroup differences were observed for ITV and ISQ.

Conclusions

MV‐DN achieved more precise immediate implant position and comparable primary stability. Further trials are necessary to assess the benefits in terms of esthetics and tissue health/stability.
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders: A narrative review focusing on diagnosis, prevention, and treatment
Authors: Kong Hao , Xu Long‐Ming , Wang Dong‐Xin
Published: June 2022

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) refer to neurocognitive abnormalities detected during the perioperative periods, including preexisting cognitive impairment, preoperative delirium, delirium occurring up to 7 days after surgery, delayed neurocognitive recovery, and postoperative NCD. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐5th edition (DSM‐5) is the golden standard for diagnosing perioperative NCDs. Given the impracticality of using the DSM‐5 by non‐psychiatric practitioners, many diagnostic tools have been developed and validated for different clinical scenarios. The etiology of perioperative NCDs is multifactorial and includes predisposing and precipitating factors. Identifying these risk factors is conducive to preoperative risk stratification and perioperative risk reduction. Prevention for perioperative NCDs should include avoiding possible contributors and implementing nonpharmacologic and pharmacological interventions. The former generally includes avoiding benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, prolonged liquid fasting, deep anesthesia, cerebral oxygen desaturation, and intraoperative hypothermia. Nonpharmacologic measures include preoperative cognitive prehabilitation, comprehensive geriatric assessment, implementing fast‐track surgery, combined use of regional block, and sleep promotion. Pharmacological measures including dexmedetomidine, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and acetaminophen are found to have beneficial effects. Nonpharmacological treatments are the first‐line measures for established perioperative NCDs. Pharmacological treatments are still limited to severely agitated or distressed patients.
Recognizing culturally significant species and Indigenous‐led management is key to meeting international biodiversity obligations
Authors: Goolmeer Teagan , Skroblin Anja , Grant Chrissy , van Leeuwen Stephen , Archer Ricky , Gore‐Birch Cissy , Wintle Brendan A.
Published: June 2022

Increasingly the importance of Indigenous participation is acknowledged as central to effective biodiversity conservation. Traditional management emphasizes the importance of a holistic, integrated approach to safeguard species and ecological communities of cultural significance. This is discordant with many instruments for biodiversity conservation. Indigenous Australians have consistently lobbied for domestic laws to be amended to establish comanagement as the preferred approach to managing significant species and ecological communities – an approach that aligns with international obligations such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. We describe amendments to Australia's biodiversity legislation and the use of biocultural indicators that would support Traditional management of Culturally Significant Entities (species and ecological communities), and in turn, assist Australia to effectively conserve biodiversity and meet international obligations. The ongoing challenge will be in empowering Indigenous peoples and their governance structures to implement enduring change.
Effects of experimental host‐plant switching on the life cycle of a fern spore‐feeding micromoth of the genus Stathmopoda
Authors: Fuentes‐Jacques Luis Javier , Hanson‐Snortum Paul , Mehltreter Klaus , Díaz‐Castelazo Cecilia , Hernández‐Ortiz Vicente
Published: June 2022

Fern‐feeding insects have not received much attention because ferns have been considered herbivore‐resistant plants. However, ferns are attacked by herbivorous insects, including specialized spore feeders. For a better understanding of host specialization, we investigated the effect of experimentally transferred larvae of a spore‐feeding moth, Stathmopoda sp. (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae), from its original fern host Amauropelta linkiana (C. Presl) Pic. Serm., to three closely related species [Amauropelta rudis (Kunze) Pic. Serm, Amauropelta oligocarpa (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Pic. Serm., and Amauropelta resinifera (Desv.) Pic. Serm.], and one alien fern species, Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching (all Thelypteridaceae). After experimental host‐plant transfer, we measured spore consumption of the larvae, and the survival and duration of each developmental stage. Once larvae were transferred to alternative hosts, they were still able to complete their life cycle, but consumed more spores, required more time to reach the adult stage, and had lower survival rates than on their original host, or even skipped the fifth instar on alternative hosts. Thus, our results suggested a strong adaptation of this moth species on its original host plant. We discuss some traits of experimental hosts, as the spores may contain fewer nutrients, or higher concentrations of toxic agents for larval development, thus restricting successful host‐plant switching. Further studies to measure the frequency and successful colonization of alternative hosts in nature are needed, by assessing variation in the chemical composition of spores between original and alternative hosts.
Does prior use of antiplatelet therapy modify the effect of dual antiplatelet therapy in transient ischaemic attack/minor ischaemic stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Clarke Aoibhin , Reddin Catriona , Murphy Robert , O'Donnell Martin J.
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose

The purpose was to determine whether prior use of antiplatelet therapy modifies the effect of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute minor ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed comparing dual antiplatelet therapy to aspirin that reported subgroup analysis by prior antiplatelet use, adhering to the Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines. A fixed‐effects meta‐analysis was used to estimate a pooled treatment effect overall in subgroups with prior aspirin therapy and without prior aspirin therapy. Difference in treatment effect was assessed by testing p for interaction. The primary outcome measure was recurrent vascular events.

Results

Three eligible randomized controlled trials were identified, including 4831 participants with pre‐existing antiplatelet use and 16,236 participants without pre‐existing aspirin use. Recurrent vascular events occurred in 7.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3–10) of those without pre‐existing aspirin use versus 7.3% (95% CI 4.1–10) of those receiving prior aspirin therapy. Effect of dual antiplatelet therapy on the primary outcome measure was consistent in participants with no prior aspirin use (odds ratio 0.75, 95% CI 0.66–0.84) compared to those taking aspirin before randomization (odds ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.63–0.998) (p interaction = 0.66). The number needed to treat in the aspirin‐naïve group was 55 (95% CI 37‐107) compared to 66 (95% CI 32 to –746) in those on prior aspirin therapy.

Conclusions

It was found that the effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with minor ischaemic stroke or high risk transient ischaemic attack does not significantly differ in patients with prior aspirin exposure; therefore there should be no influence on the decision to use dual antiplatelet therapy.