bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Multimarket Contact Dampen Corporate Philanthropy? A Study on the Geographic Allocation of Corporate Philanthropy
Authors: Long Xianyi , Deng Xinming , Schuler Douglas A.
Published: April 2023

While previous studies have discussed how much should be given by firms, less is known about how firms would spend these investments, such as strategically allocating these philanthropy activities across geographic markets. This study examines the impact of multimarket contact on corporate philanthropy in different geographic markets. Using Chinese property insurance firms from 2007 to 2015 as samples, the results show that firms are less likely to initiate philanthropy activities in geographic markets with high multimarket contact. We also found that the negative impact of multimarket competition on corporate philanthropy is stronger in highly concentrated markets. Moreover, this negative relationship is stronger when institutional distance at a firm level is low. Our study contributes to the literature on corporate philanthropy and multimarket contact.
Micro Computed Tomography based stochastic design and flow analysis of dry fiber preforms manufactured by automated fiber placement
Authors: Ali Muhammad A , Khan Tayyab , Khan Kamran A , Umer Rehan
Published: April 2023

The effective design of channels in dry tape preforms is crucial for achieving desired preform permeability for successful resin injection for composites manufacturing using Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) process. Achieving target gaps and their locations in the AFP layup is extremely challenging. This work investigates the correlation between the spatial variability of the preforms and the in-plane permeability using an X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) based characterization framework. The tomographic images of two different dry carbon tape preforms with different tape widths were used to generate realistic and XCT based stochastic models to be used for numerical permeability predictions. The variability in the tape placement by the robotic head and its effect on preform permeability was also examined through stochastic geometric modeling of the laid preform. A benchmark transient permeability measurement set-up was utilized to obtain experimental in-plane preform permeability through 2D radial mold filling. The in-plane numerical permeability values showed significant scatter, with a coefficient of variance of 75%–130%, which deviated from the experimental measurements by approximately one order of magnitude. These findings strongly re-affirm that the experimental permeability measurement technique based on transient mold filling of dry fiber AFP preforms is complex however, the XCT based stochastic modeling technique is an effective way to estimate the permeability of dry fiber AFP preforms virtually.
When Young Children Grieve: Perspectives from Day Care Staff on Supporting Parents and Children through Illness and Loss
Authors: Lytje Martin , Dyregrov Atle
Published: April 2023

This study explores how Danish day care institutions provide support to bereaved families based on accounts from staff members. Through eight focus groups, 23 employees from 8 day care institutions were interviewed. Subsequently, using thematic analysis, five themes were generated. These were: (1) coping with critical illness at the institution, (2) supporting parents at the time of death, (3) how day care institutions structured their response to illness and bereavement, (4) the staff’s support needs and (5) advice for other staff and parents in a similar situation. The study finds that when a life-threatening illness and/or death enters the life of a child who attends day care, staff have a strong belief that their role is to support both child and parent(s). However, staff often perceive this as a difficult task and express the need for more guidance on how to provide support.
Does Relative Age Effect Exist in Paralympic Sport? A Study With Brazilian Paralympic Swimmers
Authors: de Oliveira Vivian , Figueiredo Lucas Savassi , Teixeira Fabrício dos Santos Luiz Gustavo , Venditti Rubens , Castro Henrique de Oliveira
Published: April 2023

A Relative Age Effect (RAE), by which young athletes with birthdates early in a calendar year have experienced a team selection advantage that persists throughout their careers, has been found to be prevalent in many sports. However, this phenomenon has not been investigated in the Paralympic sports context. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of RAE among male and female Brazilian Paralympic swimmers. Data from 694 ranked athletes were collected from the 2021 Brazilian Paralympic Swimmers National rankings. Athletes’ birthdates were divided into four quarters (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to their month of birth. Chi-Square (χ2) goodness-of-fit tests were used to compare the observed and expected distributions of athletes born in each quarter, based on sex (male and female), impairment type (physical, visual, and intellectual), and swim stroke competition (freestyle, medley, backstroke, butterfly, and breaststroke). The observed birthdates distributions were different from expected in males (χ2 = 11.647; p = 0.009) and females (χ2 = 8.899; p = 0.031), for athletes with physical impairments (χ2 = 10.443; p = 0.015); and for athletes who competed in freestyle (χ2 = 16.683; p = 0.001), medley (χ2 = 12.343; p = 0.006) and backstroke (χ2 = 8.025; p = 0.045) races. Even though our results demonstrated asymmetric distributions of Brazilian Paralympic swimmers’ birthdates in many of the analyses, we could not establish the classical prevalence of athletes born at the beginning of the year that defines RAE. Therefore, the selection process of Brazilian Paralympic swimmers does not seem to be influenced by the athletes’ time of birth.
Longitudinal Relationship Between Mindful Awareness, Acceptance and Mental Health Problems: A Mediation Model
Authors: Fan Siyi , Yu Si , Xu Wei
Published: April 2023

Mental health problems among college students are increasingly prominent. The negative effects of emotional distress on college students’ mental health have been supported empirically. It is important to understand the psychological processes underlying this relationship. Using a longitudinal design, the present study aimed to reveal the explanatory mechanism of the association between dimensions of dispositional mindfulness and mental health problems among Chinese college students by testing the mediating effects of experiential avoidance and intolerance of uncertainty. A total of 907 Chinese college students (57% male; Mage = 20.33 years) were invited to complete self-report questionnaires at two time points. Mindful awareness, acceptance and mental health problems (depression, anxiety and stress) were assessed at baseline (T0). Experiential avoidance, intolerance of uncertainty and mental health problems were assessed at the 6 month follow-up (T1). Following structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses, the results show that high levels of mindful awareness and acceptance may diminish mental health problems by decreasing the levels of experiential avoidance among college students. However, only mindful acceptance diminished mental health problems through decreased intolerance of uncertainty. In addition, our study found that mindful awareness and acceptance may have different functions when working alone. Specifically, these two constructs may have different relationships with mental health. Identifying these mechanisms by which dispositional mindfulness is associated with college students’ mental health over time has potential value for the prevention of potential mental health issues and timely interventions.
Reparations
Authors: Obeng-Odoom Franklin
Published: April 2023

Reparations should be central to political-economic analyses of inequality. But, books on inequality usually demur from a systematic analysis of reparations. Britain's Black Debt (Hilary McD. Beckles) , From Here to Equality (William A Darity Jr and A Kirsten Mullen) , and Reconsidering Reparations (Olúfẹmi O. Táíwò) are three respectable exceptions. Distinct but interlinked, might these books unearth more, if re-viewed together? Combined, what do these books reveal about the three most important questions about reparations? Why are reparations needed, what are the reasons for the limited support for the payment of reparations, and how might reparations be redesigned? Using these books as case studies, this article addresses these research questions. A synthesis of the evidence shows that reparations are urgently needed not only for past injustices, as commonly claimed, but also for present, and future reasons. Persistent myths, ideologies, and institutions tend to be obstructive, but these impediments can be resolved. Even so, reparationists need to also consider new ways of ensuring that, if existing inequalities and social stratification are addressed, the fission will not re-open. Closure must also challenge ecological and economic imperialism, not simply climate injustice.
Optimizing process parameters for the production of intercalated melt-blown nonwoven materials for face masks based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Li Zeyan , Wang Xiaoping
Published: April 2023

Currently a new type of coronavirus is raging around the world, and many countries have relaxed the control of the epidemic. Wearing a mask has become the best self-protection measure for people to travel. Intercalated melt-blown nonwoven materials are in short supply as filter layers for daily-worn masks. This paper studies the relationship between the process parameters and structural variables of intercalated melt-blown nonwoven materials, and creatively uses machine learning-related algorithms to solve its nonlinear relationship. The optimized back propagation neural network model is the most suitable in this field, and the goodness of fit can reach more than 99.99%. Based on various limitations of actual industrial production, this model is used to traverse the process parameters, and the intercalated melt-blown nonwoven material is obtained. The best process parameters, in which the receiving distance is 27 cm, and the hot air velocity is 890 r/min, in this case, the thickness and porosity of the material produced are very low, while the compression resilience is very high, considering the filtration efficiency of the mask and comfort.
Moving Across 2-Year Institutions: Who Are Lateral Transfer Students? What Are Their Degree Outcomes?
Authors: Lee Jungmin
Published: April 2023

Objectives/Research Question: This study aims to explore who transfers between 2-year colleges (lateral transfer students) and how these students fare in terms of degree attainment. More specifically, this research explores two research questions: (1) What are the predictors of lateral transfer? (2) Is lateral transfer associated with degree attainment outcomes, time to earn a degree, or cumulative loan debt by the sixth year? Methods: Using the Beginning Postsecondary Students 12:17 data, I compared lateral transfer students to students who never transferred (non-transfer students) to identify the predictors of lateral transfer and examine degree attainment outcomes. I used multinominal logit, logistic regressions, and inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment matching models. Results: Lateral transfer students were more likely to be female and take college courses in high school than non-transfer students. Six years later, lateral transfer students were more likely to earn all types of college credentials, except for an associate degree, complete a degree more quickly, and still attend college if they had not yet earned a credential than non-transfer students. However, lateral transfer students took out a greater amount of federal loans than non-transfer students. Conclusions: Given the positive degree attainment outcomes, policymakers, and practitioners should reconsider the role of lateral transfer in the college completion agenda and pay more attention to why students make lateral transfers and the nature of their college pathways. This study suggests that lateral transfer has great potential to improve persistence and graduation for students who start their education at a community college.
Past Relational Experiences and Social Interaction: Direct, Moderated, and Mediated Associations Between Relational Difficulty, Communication, and Perception in Two Samples
Authors: Merolla Andy J. , Otmar Christopher D. , Salehuddin Abdullah S.
Published: April 2023

This study examined the relationship between perceptions of relational history, namely, past relational challenges, and everyday social interaction experiences. In efforts to build upon and extend previous research, hypotheses directed toward replication and extension were tested in two experience sampling datasets ( N = 120 and 220). Consistent support was found for the idea that people with a history of relational difficulties tend to perceive less interaction partner responsiveness, lower well-being, and higher stress during social interactions. Support was also found in a sample of adults for a multilevel mediation model whereby negative relations with others negatively predicted partner responsiveness through stress and partner liking. Results are interpreted based on affection-, appraisal-, and resource-based theories and potential differences in relational experiences at unique life stages and phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Animal Representation in Alai’s Empty Mountains and the Role of Animals in the Remaking of Tibetan Identity and History in Contemporary Tibet
Authors: Baranovitch Nimrod
Published: April 2023

In his 2009 novel, Empty Mountains, the famous Sino-Tibetan writer Alai engages with new themes that were almost totally absent from his award-winning 1998 novel, The Dust Settles (titled Red Poppies in English). In addition to the new focus on post-“liberation” Tibet, other major new themes include wild animals, the natural environment in general, and the relationship that the novel’s Tibetan protagonists have with both. This article explores the representation of animals and the human–animal relationship in Empty Mountains and argues that it is instrumental in creating and asserting a new Tibetan identity and history. I then suggest that this representation reflects a major trend in contemporary Tibet to promote concern for animal welfare and more compassionate treatment of animals as part of an ethno-religious effort to reconstruct Tibetan identity in the context of the Chinese domination in Tibet and the growing impact of Chinese modernity in the region. The article hopes to contribute to the growing body of literature on the place of animals and the human–animal relationship in Tibetan culture by demonstrating that the symbolic use of animals in this culture is not confined only to religious rituals. It also provides a powerful case study that illustrates how human perceptions, practices, and narratives that relate to animals both reflect and are used to construct ethnic identities.
Exploring parent profiles in parent–child interactions with e-books
Authors: Turco Rosa G. , Rowe Meredith L. , Blatt Joseph H.
Published: April 2023

Despite the documented rise of children’s use of mobile media devices in the United States, particularly in lower-income homes, there is limited research on how children and parents interact together with these types of devices. This study sought to describe and investigate how parents and their 3-year-old children use one type of mobile digital media – e-books. With a sample of 65 families from middle- and lower-income homes, the present study examined different parent profiles in a parent–child interaction with e-books and how parents’ attitudes around learning influenced their interactions. Results show that parents and children on average demonstrated high levels of engagement and collaboration when using an e-book, although there was wide variability in the way parents and children interacted with e-books. Using latent profile analysis, three distinct profiles of parent interactions when using e-books with their children were identified: parents with high levels of speech quality and dialogic talk but low levels of engagement, parents with low levels of speech quality, and parents with high speech quality but low dialogic talk. In addition, parent report measures of self-efficacy, growth mindset, knowledge of child development, and screen time used at home varied by the parent profiles identified in this study. The findings suggest that future research should examine parent profiles to help advance the research base in service of informing efforts to promote adult–child interactions as they relate to mobile device use.
Selfie-Evaluation: A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Selfie Behaviors and Self-Evaluations
Authors: Felig Roxanne N. , Goldenberg Jamie L.
Published: April 2023

The “selfie” phenomenon shaped the past two decades, yet there is inconsistent evidence concerning the relationship between selfie behaviors and self-evaluations. This meta-analysis investigates the relationship between selfie taking, editing, and posting behavior and general and appearance-specific self-evaluations. The results reveal that selfie taking and posting are related to positive appearance-specific self-evaluations. In contrast, selfie editing is related to negative self-evaluations both generally and specific to appearance. Gender and age did not moderate these relationships, but methodological factors did, suggesting these relationships depend on factors, such as how selfie behaviors are measured and study design. We interpret these findings through the lens of prominent social psychological theories and conclude with suggestions to guide future research.
Determining Accessibility and Availability of Gifted Information on School District Websites
Authors: Johnson Rebecca , Hodges Jaret
Published: April 2023

Accessibility to gifted programs is related to processes by which students are screened for eligibility and have knowledge of options for participation. Accessibility via websites is related to usability for all users, including those with limited technology or connectivity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate accessibility and availability of information regarding gifted education for parents of gifted students from historically marginalized student populations. We conducted a content analysis of Florida’s 74 district websites to determine accessibility and availability of gifted information. We found a disparity between accessibility based on number of clicks and availability based on embeddedness of information, although quantity of clicks was not necessarily correlated with the availability of information. Our findings led to practical implications and actionable items for educational institutions to address the potential impact of accessibility to gifted identification/program participation for students from underrepresented populations.
Digital information security management policy in academic libraries: A systematic review (2010–2022)
Authors: Farid Ghulam , Warraich Nosheen Fatima , Iftikhar Sadaf
Published: April 2023

Digital information security management (DISM) is considered an important tool to ensure the privacy and protection of data and resources in an electronic environment. The purpose of this research is to look into the applications of DISM policies in terms of practices and implementation in academic libraries. It also identifies the challenges faced by academic libraries in applying these DISM practices regarding policy. A systematic literature review was conducted to achieve the objectives of the study. The data were collected from well-known different databases, that is, Library Information Science and Technology Abstracts (LISTA), Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA), IEEE Xplore, Emerald Insight, ACM Digital Library, Scopus, Sage journals, Taylor & Francis, ProQuest, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. It followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to choose relevant articles with keyword searching. Some academic libraries have developed DISM policies on data protection, data backup, information security (IS) systems, the development of hardware and software, the training of library staff, data protection from malware and social engineering, and data security and privacy. A few libraries have developed a mechanism to protect and secure users’ sensitive data from hackers, viruses, malware and social engineering. Findings indicated that both organisations and users trust libraries due to their strict privacy and data security policies. However, some academic libraries did not adopt and implement DISM policies in their organisations, even though they had written DISM policies. Libraries have been facing issues with the DISM policy on data security and privacy, data backup, IS systems, hardware and software upgrades and technical support of library staff. They also face budgetary challenges and a lack of readiness among librarians to adopt emerging tools and technology such as DISM. Library professionals faced challenges in developing and implementing the DISM policy. For data security and privacy, stakeholders, administrators and library professionals must promote the DISM policy culture in academics. This study is beneficial for library professionals, policymakers, administrators and management to make DISM policies and implement them in their organisation or libraries to secure sensitive, personal data and resources. This article is the first review of DISM policy in academic libraries of its kind and would be useful for information professionals, stakeholders and administrators.
Socialization Disrupted: The Intergenerational Transmission of Political Engagement in Immigrant Families
Authors: Borkowska Magda , Luthra Renee
Published: April 2023

In this article, we examine the political socialization process in immigrant families based on the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). We find that international migration disrupts the intergenerational transmission of political engagement: associations between voting, political interest, and parent and child socioeconomic status are weaker in immigrant families than in families without a migration background. In particular, the voting behavior of immigrants and their children in particular is only partially explained by standard models of political socialization. In contrast, characteristics specific to the international migration process, including sending country experiences, characteristics of the migration journey, and the pathway to citizenship are critical determinants of voting for immigrant parents, and through political socialization, for their UK-raised children.
Modified central shunt in pulmonary atresia with diminutive pulmonary arteries
Authors: Luo Shuhua , Deng Mimi X , Honjo Osami
Published: April 2023

The commonly used central shunt (i.e. direct connection of the divided main pulmonary artery to the ascending aorta) to facilitate the growth of the diminutive branch pulmonary artery in patients with pulmonary atresia with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries can cause main pulmonary artery distortion, and subsequent disproportional branch pulmonary artery flow and growth. This report describes a novel technique of shunt construction to minimize pulmonary artery torque and tension by using a modified central shunt constructed from autologous pericardium that is anastomosed in an end-to-side fashion to the lateral aspect of the ascending aorta. This shunt will serve as an intermediary conduit to facilitate the main pulmonary artery anastomosis while minimizing torque and tension on the main pulmonary artery. The tension-free connection between the main pulmonary artery and the aorta enabled by the modified central shunt supports proportional pulmonary artery flow and growth in patients with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, or multiple aortopulmonary collateral arteries and concomitant diminutive native pulmonary arteries.
How is Linguistic Accommodation Perceived in Instant Messaging? A Survey on Teenagers’ Evaluations and Perceptions
Authors: Hilte Lisa
Published: April 2023

This study examines Flemish teenagers’ perceptions and evaluations of linguistic accommodation in instant messaging: people adapting their language use to (that of) their interlocutor. We conducted a survey among 254 pupils in Belgian secondary education, and compare the results to teenagers’ online writing practices in a reference corpus. Our findings yield insight in the indexicality of accommodation, with (more) mirroring evoking (more) positive evaluations of the relationship between interlocutors. As for self-reported mirroring, the socio-demographic variable of education stands out: while the participants report a frequent online contact with people who differ from them regarding age, gender, or educational track, they only report to accommodate in the first two situations. Furthermore, they perform quite poorly at recognizing accommodative adjustments made by their peers, especially for mixed-education interactions. Finally, while teenagers appear to hold largely the same opinions on accommodation, the analyses reveal some socio-demographic variation.
Parent-emerging adult text interactions and emerging adult perceived parental support of autonomy
Authors: Brown Morgan T. , Jensen Michaeline , Hussong Andrea M.
Published: April 2023

Parents play an important role in scaffolding autonomy and independence as their children transition to adulthood. In the digital age, mobile phones allow for increased connection at this important developmental transition, but we know little about the extent to which digital connection may help (i.e., through developmentally appropriate support) or hinder (i.e., through intrusiveness or helicopter parenting) emerging adult (EA) autonomy development. We tested whether digital parent-EA interactions tapping engagement, monitoring, and responsiveness were associated with EA perceptions of parental autonomy support in a sample of 238 college students ( M age = 19.85) who contributed all text messages exchanged with their parents over 2 weeks. Results indicate that many dimensions of parent-EA text message interactions are unrelated to perceived parental autonomy support, but those that did emerge point towards a potentially maladaptive role of overparenting in associations with less perceived parental autonomy support. Results underscore that, for most EAs, parental text messaging is not likely to be perceived as autonomy inhibiting, but that for a small minority of parent-EA dyads, intense levels of digital connection with parents may be associated with perceived autonomy inhibition.
Missing the Global Turn: Italy, the 1951 Refugee Convention, and the Belated Removal of the Geographical Limitation
Authors: Salvatici Silvia
Published: April 2023

Italy abolished the ‘geographical limitation’ permitted by the 1951 Refugee Convention only in 1990. Thereafter, it could award refugee status to people in flight from countries outside Europe. Why did Italy come so very late to this resolution? To answer this question, this article intercuts analysis on various different fronts: the strategies of successive national governments; the actual presence on Italian soil of people needing asylum, and the response of local communities; and Italy's location in the international setting. It demonstrates that until the end of the 1970s the Italian authorities continued to see the refugee issue as principally a problem for its internal policy. Italy remained disconnected from the global turn in policy on refugees, which many historians have placed in the period that spans the late 1950s and early 1960s. In their view, state institutions, voluntary agencies, and the international public experienced profound changes at this time in their perception of refugees, starting to see them as a problem at the global level rather than just affecting Europe. For Italy, however, this was not the case, and we therefore need to question the actual impact of the global turn delineated by the studies.
Mirrored Neutralities: Spain and Argentina in World War I
Authors: Fuentes Codera Maximiliano
Published: April 2023

This article analyzes the impact of the Great War on two countries that remained neutral throughout the conflict, Spain and Argentina. It focuses on three aspects that are analyzed from a transnational perspective in order to show a transatlantic space: neutrality as a matter of dispute between pro-Allies and pro-German sectors; the debate about what positions should be assumed in order to guarantee a world without war; and the polemics on the ideas of nations that should prevail in each country. The hard confrontation between two opposing views on the principles on which the country should be sustained and the socio-economic upheaval accelerated the crises of the liberal regimes. Even though they were part of a cycle of crises and revolutions that assumed global characteristics, Spain and Argentina had travelled similar paths and their evolutions had been marked by both national contexts and a shared transnational space.
Provisions, Passports and the Problems of International Warfare in Early Eighteenth-Century Northern Italy: A Micro-Historical Study
Authors: Graham Aaron , Martoccio Michael Paul
Published: April 2023

The relationship between the rise of the modern European state and military resource mobilization has been studied either through the capacity of Europe's fiscal-military states to mobilize war-making resources internally or the continued importance of private, non-state contractors to fund, recruit and supply armies. Missing from this literature is an understanding of how military contractors acquired supplies outside of national borders as well as the sorts of diplomatic and personal connections these contractors drew upon to move war goods across multiple jurisdictions for hundreds of miles. This article adopts a micro-historical approach to the history of military resource mobilization, paying close attention to one shipment of grain purchased in central Europe by the British army during the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714). By studying closely how British money paid French Huguenot contractors to buy the grain and transmit it across northern Italy to feed German and Spanish troops fighting in Spain, this one case shows how scholarship can move towards a transnational history of military logistics based on key urban centres rather than nations and borders.
Gendering Catholicism in Late Modern Spanish History (1854–1923): Research Lines and Debates for a European Dialogue
Authors: Blasco Herranz Inmaculada
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is to bridge the gap between Spanish and European historiography specializing in gender and Christianity studies, in order to enrich general observations and contribute to ongoing debates beyond Spain. To this end, I will map the most salient problems and interpretations that have emerged from Spanish historiography addressing the relationship between gender and Catholicism between 1854 and 1923, in light of Spain's dynamic gender and revitalized religious studies. I will then approach inner controversies connected to broader debates on the feminization of Spanish Catholicism throughout the late nineteenth century, the changes in the gender discourse of Catholicism and its interactions with liberalism and modernity, the re-masculinization of Catholicism (or the Catholicization of masculinity), the gendered Catholic mobilization and the controversy on Catholic feminism. Throughout this article, this line of research will, in turn, contribute new insights into the phenomena and discourses shaping the contemporary history of Spain, such as secularization, modernization and nation-building processes.
Beyond Models: The Many Paths to Feminism in Modern Spain
Authors: Aresti Nerea
Published: April 2023

This paper addresses feminisms in Spain during the last decades of the nineteenth and the first decades of the twentieth century, proposing a number of interpretative keys for their historical analysis. Spanish feminism has been diverse, and its emancipatory aspirations, demands and discourses often have not coincided with those of the European or American suffragist movements. In these pages, an attempt is made to gain further insights into the principal challenges that Spanish historiography has met when analyzing this complex phenomenon, while suggesting that this has contributed to breathing new life into research on historical feminisms as a whole. Special attention is also paid to how feminist critique developed on the basis of different ways of understanding sexual difference. Lastly, I look at how expectations for change were created and how feminist vindications were formulated in different discursive frameworks, namely those of religion, liberal principles and socialist and anarchist political cultures.
Between the Soul and the Body: The Construction of Sexual Difference in Modern Spain
Authors: Altonaga Begoña Bakarne
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is to analyze the complex construction of sexual difference in Spain during the eighteenth and at the turn of the nineteenth century. Accordingly, a combined analysis is performed on the religious discourse of traditionalist Catholicism and that of the country's Enlightenment currents, plus their evolution, for they were the main perspectives from which the models of femininity and masculinity were constructed at the time. The intention is to demonstrate that the conceptualization of sexual difference in the transition to modernity was a convoluted process in which, notwithstanding the fact that they involved a key change in the way of understanding the body, gender and the relationship between the sexes, the Enlightenment's visions did not replace anti-modern religious discourses. Quite to the contrary, it is contended here that those models coexisted precariously in the protracted dissolution of the old, absolutist regime, which requires examining them under a relational prism.
Zfp580 inactivation as a new therapeutic target to enhance recovery after stroke in mice
Authors: Hoffmann Christian J , Kuffner Melanie TC , Koschützke Leif , Lorenz Stephanie , Lips Janet , Boehm-Sturm Philipp , Mueller Susanne , Koch Stefan P , An Jeehye , Fekonja Lucius S , Bugaeva Polina , Rex Andre , Tünnemann Gisela Lättig , Endres Matthias , Harms Christoph
Published: April 2023

Paracrine cerebral Interleukin 6 (Il6) is relevant for stroke recovery, but systemic Il6 elevation may worsen outcome. Hence, paracrine Il6 response modulation within the neurovascular unit has emerged as an attractive therapeutic approach. Lithium modulates Il6 responses and improves stroke outcome. However, lithium may cause serious adverse effects. Here, we report that Zincfinger protein 580 (Zfp580) mediates the effects of lithium on Il6 signaling. In contrast to lithium, Zfp580 inactivation had no neurotoxic effects, and Zfp580 knock out mice showed no phenotypic changes in cognitive and motor function behavioral tests. We discovered that lithium and hypoxia disinhibited Il6 via Zfp580 suppression and post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). After transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, loss of Zfp580 reduced paracrine Il6 and increased Il6 trans-signaling. Aside from modulating Il6 signaling, Zfp580 loss improved endothelial resilience to ischemia, was highly neuroprotective resulting in smaller infarcts and enhanced use-dependent neuroplasticity, all of which led to improved functional outcome. In conclusion, inactivation of Zfp580 exerts positive effects on multiple key mechanisms without exhibiting relevant adverse side effects, making it potentially a more specific and effective treatment target for stroke recovery than lithium. To fully assess its potential, Zfp580 inhibitors must be developed.
Effectiveness of butylphthalide on cerebral autoregulation in ischemic stroke patients with large artery atherosclerosis (EBCAS study): A randomized, controlled, multicenter trial
Authors: Guo Zhen-Ni , Yue Bing-Hong , Fan Lei , Liu Jie , Zhu Yuanyuan , Zhao Yuanqi , Zhong Jingxin , Lou Zhan , Liu Xing-Liang , Abuduxukuer Reziya , Zhang Peng , Qu Yang , Shen Ziduo , Shi Baoyang , Zhang Ke-Jia , Liu Jia , Chang Junlei , Jin Hang , Sun Xin , Yang Yi
Published: April 2023

Finding appropriate drugs to improve cerebral autoregulation (CA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is necessary to improve prognosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of butylphthalide on CA in patients with AIS. In this randomized controlled trial, 99 patients were 2:1 randomized to butylphthalide or placebo group. The butylphthalide group received intravenous infusion with a preconfigured butylphthalide-sodium chloride solution for 14 days and an oral butylphthalide capsule for additional 76 days. The placebo group synchronously received an intravenous infusion of 100 mL 0.9% saline and an oral butylphthalide simulation capsule. The transfer function parameter, phase difference (PD), and gain were used to quantify CA. The primary outcomes were CA levels on the affected side on day 14 and day 90. Eighty patients completed the follow-up (52 in the butylphthalide group and 28 in the placebo group). The PD of the affected side on 14 days or discharge and on 90 days was higher in the butylphthalide group than in the placebo group. The differences in safety outcomes were not significant. Therefore, butylphthalide treatment for 90 days can significantly improve CA in patients with AIS.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT03413202
The Virtuous Cycle: Social Media Influencers’ Potential for Kindness Contagion
Authors: Bradley Tiegan , Anderson Kelley Cours , Hass Ashley
Published: April 2023

Social media influencers have received significant recognition for their marketing capabilities but are also identified as contributing to several negative societal consequences. This commentary explores social media influencers’ emergent role and associated practices in the spread of kindness to benefit the larger society. Informed by parasocial and construal level theories, we introduce the concept of kindness contagion and conceptualize social media influencers’ kindness contagion cycle. The framework includes six authentic kindness practice forms in which influencers are most likely to reinforce their kindness-embedded relationship (e.g., posts of encouragement to be kind and kindness meditations). By integrating parasocial and construal level theories we go beyond the commonly discussed marketization capabilities for this actor to help generate insights into how a social media influencer can build an intimate, trusting relationship with their followers, to spread kindness among consumers. Practical and theoretical implications are also discussed in addition to future research directions.
The Features of Plausible but Incorrect Options: Distractor Plausibility in Synonym-Based Vocabulary Tests
Authors: Ludewig Ulrich , Schwerter Jakob , McElvany Nele
Published: April 2023

A better understanding of how distractor features influence the plausibility of distractors is essential for an efficient multiple-choice (MC) item construction in educational assessment. The plausibility of distractors has a major influence on the psychometric characteristics of MC items. Our analysis utilizes the nominal categories model to investigate German fourth graders' ( N = 924) selection of response options in a German MC Vocabulary test. We used principles from cognitive psychology to identify relevant option features capturing the option’s potential to distract students from the correct answer. The results show that only a few option characteristics explain option choice behavior to a large extent. Options with distracting features (i.e., semantic relatedness and orthographic similarity) increase the item difficulty and discrimination, whereas distractors that are less synonym than the attractor decrease item discrimination. Implications for test score interpretations and item construction guidelines are highlighted.
The effect of melatonin on benzo(a)pyrene-induced renal toxicity in mice
Authors: Barangi Samira , Asadi Rouzchehr , Mehri Soghra , Karimi Gholamreza
Published: April 2023

Benzo(a)pyrene is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, which could induce renal injury. It is reported that melatonin has a protective effect against multiple organ injuries by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. The aim of this study was to estimate the melatonin effects on benzo(a)pyrene renal toxicity in mice and the possible molecular mechanisms involved in this model. Thirty male mice were allocated to five groups and treated with benzo(a)pyrene (75 mg/kg, oral gavage) and/or melatonin (10 and 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). The oxidative stress factors were evaluated in renal tissue. The levels of apoptotic (the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3) and autophagic (the LC3 II/I, Beclin-1, and Sirt1) proteins were examined using Western blot. Following the administration of benzo(a)pyrene, malondialdehyde, caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased in renal tissue, while Sirt1, Beclin-1, and the LC3 II/I ratio diminished. Interestingly, the co-administration of 20 mg/kg melatonin along with benzo(a)pyrene reduced the oxidative stress markers, apoptotic and autophagic proteins. Collectively, melatonin exhibited a protective effect against benzo(a)pyrene-induced renal injury through the suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis and the inhibition of Sirt1/autophagy pathway.
Design of a broadband metasurface sound absorber based on Hilbert fractal
Authors: Zhang Wenzhuo , Zhao Yonghui , Ou Yang
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a new fractal-based broadband metasurface absorber is developed, which is based on the excellent space-filling ability of the Hilbert fractal. Each unit cell in absorber consists of a micro perforated panel (MPP) and a coplanar coiled cavity. In order to gain a deep insight into the sound absorption mechanism and perform a rapid design, a theoretical model for analyzing the sound absorption characteristics of the unit cell is established, in which the Fok function is used to account for the coupling effect between holes. Afterward, the absorption mechanism as well as the effects of parameter variations on absorption characteristics are investigated. To increase the space utilization, each unit cell is arranged in space according to the Hilbert fractal curve. Consequently, a metasurface absorber with 6 detuned unit cells is constructed. The multiple resonant cavities with dissimilar lengths can provide peak absorptions at multiple frequencies, thereby broadening the attenuation frequency range. Finally, the absorption performance of the designed absorber is obtained by theoretical calculations, finite element (FEM) simulations and experimental measurements, respectively. The experimental results show that a continuous absorption spectrum is achieved in the range of 855–1359 Hz with absorption coefficient above 0.8 under a deeply sub-wavelength thickness (22.2 mm). This study provides an effective way for the design of a space-limited broadband absorber. With the advantages of ultrathin thickness, broadband, and compactness, the developed fractal-based metasurface absorber has great potential in the field of noise reduction.
Beneficial effects of sennoside B on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats
Authors: Sahin Hüseyin , Erbaş Oytun
Published: April 2023

Background

Epilepsy is a common disorder affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide. Oxidative stress is known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of diseases, including epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the effects of sennoside B on PTZ-induced seizures in rats.

Method

The rats were grouped into Group Electroencephalography and Group Behavioral. Both Groups were divided into eight subgroups, and these subgroups were compared in terms of the time of first myoclonic jerk, Racine’s Convulsion Scale, malondialdehyde levels, and brain superoxide dismutase activity. The experimental seizure model was performed with pentylenetetrazol.

Results

The spike percentage was significantly lower in groups that received sennoside B, and this beneficial effect was shown to be associated with the dose of sennoside B received. The RCS score was lower and the FJM onset time was higher in the sennoside B-administered groups. Additionally, brain MDA and brain aquaporin-3 levels were lower and brain SOD activity was higher in the sennoside-administered groups.

Conclusions

The present study shows the beneficial effects of sennoside B on PTZ-induced convulsion in rats. It is considered that sennoside B which is a natural and safe product would be a good candidate for strengthening the management of epilepsy without serious side effects.
An Experimental Investigation of Perceived Differences in Personality and Leadership Attributes of Social Entrepreneurs Compared to for Profit Entrepreneurs and Non-Profit Organisations Leaders
Authors: Kruse Philipp , Rosing Florian
Published: April 2023

Social enterprises (SEs) strive for the fulfilment of a social mission based on an elaborated income strategy. Consequently, they are largely conceptualised as hybrid enterprises combining logics of traditional non-profit organisations (NPOs) and for-profit enterprises (FPEs). This is sound on the organisational level; however, it remains unclear to which extent the perception of SE leaders on the personal level mirrors this hybridity as previous studies are limited in scope and methodology. Our work examines perceived personality traits, work-related values, leadership styles and leader attributes of SE leaders compared to FPE and NPO leaders. Using a vignette-based, comprehensive experimental design with a sample of business students ( N = 170), we find that whereas notable differences in personality and leadership comparing SE and FPE leaders exist, SE and NPO leaders were perceived as not different. Based on our findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Patent Value Promotion Based on the Technology Proximity Network: An Empirical Analysis of Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare
Authors: Zhang Ben , Ming Chenxu
Published: April 2023

Patent value plays an important role in the open innovation system, which can stimulate enthusiasm for research and development investment and innovation collaboration. High-value patents on artificial intelligence for healthcare can attract venture capital and encourage more enterprises to conduct research and development, thus driving the development of related industrial clusters for a smart medical system. This study focused on the mechanism of impacting the patent value from the perspective of technological proximity and made an empirical analysis by using patent data and multiple ordinary least squares regression models. The results showed that the technological proximity network extracted from patent data significantly affected patent value through the centrality measurements of patent nodes in the proximity network. Finally, the study also provided some implications for the formulation of research and development planning and technological innovation policies.
Accelerating youth mental health services research
Authors: Cotton Sue M , Filia Kate M , Hamilton Matthew P , Gao Caroline X , Menssink Jana M , Telford Nic , McGorry Patrick , Rickwood Debra
Published: April 2023

Objective

We describe a research program to advance youth mental health service research in Australia, addressing two core knowledge gaps: the lack of available routine outcome measures and lack of understanding of how to assess and monitor complexity and heterogeneity in illness presentation and trajectory.

Conclusions

Our research identifies better routine outcome measures (ROM) that are: designed specifically for the developmental nuances of the 12–25-year age range; multidimensional; and meaningful to young people, their carers, and service providers. Alongside much-needed new measures of complexity and heterogeneity, these tools will inform service providers to better meet the needs of young people presenting with mental health problems.