bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic human object recognition by combining color and depth information with a clothing image histogram
Authors: Wang Yen-Han , Wang Tzu-Wei , Yen Jia-Yush , Wang Fu-Cheng
Published: February 2019

Human object detection, tracking, and recognition have applications in many areas, such as in the development of assistance robots and intelligent monitoring systems. The emergence of an RGB-D camera, namely the Kinect v2, has simplified the process of human object detection and tracking. Color space methods are dependent on lighting conditions. Because skeleton-tracking algorithms are based on depth images, they are light invariant relative to color space methods. However, skeleton information may sometimes be incorrect or become lost. An algorithm for human-target recognition is thus required. Therefore, this study proposes a human-target tracking and recognition system combining RGB images, depth images, body index, and skeleton information. The system first extracts the color information of five body parts (two upper arms, the torso, and two thighs) using color, depth, and skeleton information. The system then analyzes the color information using a mixed nine-dimensional histogram and single-color analysis method. The algorithm also includes overlap detection during the process of human-target tracking to prevent misidentification caused by occlusion. To test the proposed system, various scenarios were carefully designed to simulate the extremely complex environmental changes characteristic of the real world. Furthermore, the dynamic statistical method of event statistics was used to collect results. Experiments revealed that the proposed method is robust under varying lighting conditions and increases the success rate for individuals wearing similar clothing with monochrome colors.
Avoiding the Esophageal Branches of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve During Retractor Placement: Precluding Postoperative Dysphagia During Anterior Approaches to the Cervical Spine
Authors: Fisahn Christian , Yilmaz Emre , Iwanaga Joe , Schmidt Cameron , Benca Eric , Chapman Jens R. , Oskouian Rod J. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: February 2019

Study Design:

Anatomical cadaver study.

Objectives:

Postoperative dysphagia is a significant complication following anterior approaches to the cervical spine and the etiology of this complication is poorly understood. Herein, we studied the esophageal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerves to improve understanding of their anatomy and potential involvement in dysphagia.

Methods:

Ten fresh frozen cadaveric human specimens were dissected (20 sides). All specimens were adults with no evidence of prior surgery of the anterior neck. The recurrent laryngeal nerves were identified under a surgical microscope and observations and measurements of their esophageal branches made.

Results:

For each recurrent laryngeal nerve, 5-7 (mean 6.2) esophageal branches were identified. These branches ranged from 0.8 to 2.1 cm (mean 1.5 cm) in length and 0.5 to 2 mm (mean 1 mm) in diameter. They arose from the recurrent laryngeal nerves between vertebral levels T1 and C6. They all traveled to the anterior aspect of the esophagus. No statistical differences were seen between left and right sides or between sexes.

Conclusion:

The esophageal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve have been poorly described and could contribute to complications such as swallowing dysfunction following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion procedures. Therefore, a better understanding of their anatomy is important for spine surgeons. Our study revealed that these branches are always present on both sides and the anterior surface of the esophagus should be avoided while retracting it in order to minimize the risk of postoperative dysphagia.
Determining Contingencies in the Management of Construction Projects
Authors: Ortiz José I. , Pellicer Eugenio , Molenaar Keith R.
Published: February 2019

This research describes the managerial approaches that contractors follow to determine different types of contingencies in construction project management. Two large Spanish general contractors were selected for an in-depth analysis. Interviews and surveys were conducted with six additional companies to explore the external validity of the findings. Managers constrain time and cost buffers through project objectives, applying heuristics to determine inventory buffers. The management of capacity buffers is entrusted to subcontractors. The contractors take advantage of scope and quality buffers to meet project objectives but rarely share these buffers with the owner, unless the owner is an internal client.
The crystal structures of the mixed-valence tellurium oxysalts tlapallite, (Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te4+3Te6+O12]2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)2·3H2O, and carlfriesite, CaTe4+2Te6+O8
Authors: Missen Owen P. , Kampf Anthony R. , Mills Stuart J. , Housley Robert M. , Spratt John , Welch Mark D. , Coolbaugh Mark F. , Marty Joe , Chorazewicz Marek , Ferraris Cristiano
Published: February 2019

The crystal structure of tlapallite has been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and supported by electron probe micro-analysis, powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Tlapallite is trigonal, space groupP321, witha= 9.1219(17) Å,c= 11.9320(9) Å andV= 859.8(3) Å3, and was refined toR1= 0.0296 for 786 reflections withI> 2σ(I). This study resulted from the discovery of well-crystallised tlapallite at the Wildcat prospect, Utah, USA. The chemical formula of tlapallite has been revised to (Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te4+3Te6+O12]2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)2·3H2O, or more simply (Ca,Pb)3CaCu6Te4+8Te6+2O30(SO4)2·3H2O, from H6(Ca,Pb)2(Cu,Zn)3(TeO3)4(TeO6)(SO4). The tlapallite structure consists of layers containing distorted Cu2+O6octahedra, Te6+O6octahedra and Te4+O4disphenoids (which together form the new mixed-valence phyllotellurate anion [Te4+3Te6+O12]12−), Te4+O3trigonal pyramids and CaO8polyhedra. SO4tetrahedra, Ca(H2O)3O6polyhedra and H2O groups fill the space between the layers. Tlapallite is only the second naturally occurring compound containing tellurium in both the 4+and 6+oxidation states with a known crystal structure, the other being carlfriesite, CaTe4+2Te6+O8. Carlfriesite is the predominant secondary tellurium mineral at the Wildcat prospect. We also present an updated structure for carlfriesite, which has been refined toR1= 0.0230 for 874 reflections withI> 2σ(I). This updated structural refinement improves upon the one reported previously by refining all atoms anisotropically and presenting models of bond valence and Te4+secondary bonding.
Baboon envelope LVs efficiently transduced human adult, fetal, and progenitor T cells and corrected SCID-X1 T-cell deficiency
Authors: Bernadin Ornellie , Amirache Fouzia , Girard-Gagnepain Anais , Moirangthem Ranjita Devi , Lévy Camille , Ma Kuiying , Costa Caroline , Nègre Didier , Reimann Christian , Fenard David , Cieslak Agata , Asnafi Vahid , Sadek Hanem , Mhaidly Rana , Cavazzana Marina , Lagresle-Peyrou Chantal , Cosset François-Loïc , André Isabelle , Verhoeyen Els
Published: February 2019

T cells represent a valuable tool for treating cancers and infectious and inherited diseases; however, they are mainly short-lived in vivo. T-cell therapies would strongly benefit from gene transfer into long-lived persisting naive T cells or T-cell progenitors. Here we demonstrate that baboon envelope glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviral vectors (BaEV-LVs) far outperformed other LV pseudotypes for transduction of naive adult and fetal interleukin-7–stimulated T cells. Remarkably, BaEV-LVs efficiently transduced thymocytes and T-cell progenitors generated by culture of CD34+ cells on Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4). Upon NOD/SCIDγC−/− engraftment, high transduction levels (80%-90%) were maintained in all T-cell subpopulations. Moreover, T-cell lineage reconstitution was accelerated in NOD/SCIDγC−/− recipients after T-cell progenitor injection compared with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, γC-encoding BaEV-LVs very efficiently transduced Dll4-generated T-cell precursors from a patient with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), which fully rescued T-cell development in vitro. These results indicate that BaEV-LVs are valuable tools for the genetic modification of naive T cells, which are important targets for gene therapy. Moreover, they allowed for the generation of gene-corrected T-cell progenitors that rescued SCID-X1 T-cell development in vitro. Ultimately, the coinjection of LV-corrected T-cell progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells might accelerate T-cell reconstitution in immunodeficient patients.
Skin bioprinting: the future of burn wound reconstruction?
Authors: Varkey Mathew , Visscher Dafydd O. , van Zuijlen Paul P. M. , Atala Anthony , Yoo James J.
Published: February 2019

Burns are a significant cause of trauma, and over the years, the focus of patient care has shifted from just survival to facilitation of improved functional outcomes. Typically, burn treatment, especially in the case of extensive burn injuries, involves surgical excision of injured skin and reconstruction of the burn injury with the aid of skin substitutes. Conventional skin substitutes do not contain all skin cell types and do not facilitate recapitulation of native skin physiology. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting for reconstruction of burn injuries involves layer-by-layer deposition of cells along with scaffolding materials over the injured areas. Skin bioprinting can be done either in situ or in vitro. Both these approaches are similar except for the site of printing and tissue maturation. There are technological and regulatory challenges that need to be overcome for clinical translation of bioprinted skin for burn reconstruction. However, the use of bioprinting for skin reconstruction following burns is promising; bioprinting will enable accurate placement of cell types and precise and reproducible fabrication of constructs to replace the injured or damaged sites. Overall, 3D bioprinting is a very transformative technology, and its use for wound reconstruction will lead to a paradigm shift in patient outcomes. In this review, we aim to introduce bioprinting, the different stages involved, in vitro and in vivo skin bioprinting, and the various clinical and regulatory challenges in adoption of this technology.
Massive Ovarian Growth in a Woman With Severe Insulin-Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Receiving GnRH Analogue
Authors: Singh Prapti , Agress Ariela , Madrigal Vanessa Kasarah , Magyar Clara , Ostrzega Nora , Chazenbalk Gregorio Daniel , Dumesic Daniel Anthony
Published: February 2019

Context

Ovarian hyperandrogenism from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hyperinsulinemia from insulin resistance are modulators of ovarian follicle development. We report on a woman with PCOS and hyperandrogenism and severe insulin resistance from metabolic syndrome who received long-term GnRH analogue therapy preceding bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for massive ovarian enlargement. Ovarian histological examination showed proliferating granulosa cells within antral follicles coexistent with serous cystadenofibromas, demonstrating a unique link between hyperinsulinemia and granulosa cell mitogenesis.

Case Description

A 30-year-old woman with PCOS with hyperandrogenism, severe insulin resistance from metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis experienced abdominal pain from bilaterally enlarged ovaries. She had previously experienced a pulmonary embolism while taking oral contraceptives and hepatotoxicity from metformin and spironolactone therapies. Long-term GnRH analogue therapy to induce pituitary desensitization to GnRH successfully decreased gonadotropin-dependent steroidogenesis without improving insulin resistance. Despite GnRH analogue therapy, progressive ovarian enlargement in the presence of hyperinsulinemia from worsening metabolic function eventually required bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for removal of massively enlarged ovaries. Histological examination showed both ovaries contained proliferating granulosa cells within antral follicles coexistent with serous cystadenofibromas.

Conclusions

In women with PCOS and hyperinsulinemia from severe insulin resistance due to metabolic syndrome, granulosa cell proliferation within antral follicles can occur despite long-term GnRH analogue therapy, implicating hyperinsulinemia as a granulosa cell mitogen in the absence of gonadotropin-dependent ovarian function.
Synthesis of Water-Soluble CuInS2 Quantum Dots by a Hydrothermal Method and Their Optical Properties
Authors: Iida Kazutaka , Uehigashi Yota , Ichida Hideki , Bu Hang-Beom , Kim DaeGwi
Published: February 2019

Water-soluble CuInS2 (CIS) quantum dots (QDs) were hydrothermally prepared in the presence of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) as a stabilizer, and the optimal hydrothermal synthetic conditions for NAC-capped CIS QDs were investigated. The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of the CIS QDs synthesized under optimal conditions was 4%, which was comparable with the highest QY reported for water-soluble CIS core QDs. The introduction of a ZnS shell produced CIS/ZnS core/shell QDs and further increased the PL QY to 30%. Furthermore, bilayer structures consisting of Au nanoparticles and CIS/ZnS QDs were fabricated using a layer-by-layer method to enhance the PL of the CIS/ZnS QDs on the basis of the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles.
Intracardiac melanoma metastases on 18F-FDG PET-CT—a case report and review of literature with imaging features
Authors: Sweni Shah , Fontana Marianna , Martinez-Naharro Ana , Nathan Malavika
Published: February 2019

Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the few malignancies that can metastasize to the heart. It is important not to miss cardiac metastases on imaging as they are often clinically asymptomatic, but if present and undiagnosed could lead to significant cardiac compromise, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, cardiac tamponade or transient ischaemic attacks.

Identifying intracardiac metastases on imaging often requires a multimodality approach as they can evade detection due to cardiac motion artefact; be confused with intracardiac thrombus, or be misinterpreted as a normal/anatomical finding.

We present an interesting case report of asymptomatic intracardiac melanoma metastases, initially identified on staging 18-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-CT and eventually confirmed on cardiac MRI. The latter was able to differentiate myocardial metastases from tumour thrombus. We also review the relevant literature.
Areca nut extract demonstrated apoptosis-inducing mechanism by increased caspase-3 activities on oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sari Liza Meutia , Subita Gus Permana , Auerkari Elza Ibrahim
Published: February 2019

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a neoplasm of keratinocyte cells of oral mucosa epithelium that can potentially spread through lymphatic tissue or blood vessel. Although areca nut is one of the plants with a risk of inducing that cancer, areca nut is believed to have high antioxidant properties. Due to the current interest in the apoptosis effects from areca nut for oral cancer treatment, we investigated its ability to induce apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in oral cancer cell lines: HSC-2 and HSC-3.

Methods: We examined the effect of areca nut on apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells. Flow cytometry was conducted for the quantification of the cells that were apoptotic and expressing the caspase-3 enzyme for 24 and 48 hours.

Results: Areca nut induced a significant increase (p<0.01) in late apoptosis of HSC-2 cells and mostly occurred over 48 hours. The study also found that in HSC-3, there were significant increases (p<0.01) the percentage of cells in early apoptosis after 24 hours and late apoptosis at 48 hours. Caspase-3 activity increased after 24 and 48 hours of areca nut exposure in both cells.

Conclusions: The study showed that areca nut could be considered as a potential anticancer agent through its capability in inducing a caspase-dependent apoptosis.
Pluripotency of Wolbachia against Arbovirus: the case of yellow fever
Authors: Rocha Marcele Neves , Duarte Myrian Morato , Mansur Simone Brutman , Silva Bianca Daoud Mafra e , Pereira Thiago Nunes , Adelino Talita Émile Ribeiro , Giovanetti Marta , Alcantara Luis Carlos Junior , Santos Franciele Martins , Costa Victor Rodrigues de Melo , Teixeira Mauro Martins , Iani Felipe Campos de Melo , Costa Vivian Vasconcelos , Moreira Luciano Andrade
Published: February 2019

Background: Yellow fever outbreaks have re-emerged in Brazil during 2016-18, with mortality rates up to 30%. Although urban transmission has not been reported since 1942, the risk of re-urbanization of yellow fever is significant, as Aedes aegypti is present in most tropical and sub-tropical cities in the World and used to be the main vector in the past. The introgression of Wolbachia bacteria into Ae. aegypti mosquito populations is being trialed in several countries (www.worldmosquito.org)as a biocontrol method against dengue, Zika and chikungunya. Here, we studied the ability of Wolbachia to reduce the transmission potential of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes for yellow fever virus (YFV).

Methods: Two recently isolated YFV (primate and human) were used to challenge field-derived wild-type and Wolbachia-infected (wMel +) Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. The YFV infection status was followed for 7, 14 and 21 days post-oral feeding (dpf). The YFV transmission potential of mosquitoes was evaluated via nano-injection of saliva into uninfected mosquitoes or by inoculation in mice.

Results: We found that Wolbachia was able to significantly reduce the prevalence of mosquitoes with YFV infected heads and thoraces for both viral isolates. Furthermore, analyses of mosquito saliva, through indirect injection into naïve mosquitoes or via interferon-deficient mouse model, indicated Wolbachia was associated with profound reduction in the YFV transmission potential of mosquitoes (14dpf).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that Wolbachia introgression could be used as a complementary strategy for prevention of urban yellow fever transmission, along with the human vaccination program.
Economic evaluation plan of a randomised controlled trial of intra-nodular injection of anti-TNF and placebo among patients with early Dupuytren’s disease: Repurposing Anti-TNF for Treating Dupuytren’s Disease (RIDD)
Authors: Png May Ee , Dritsaki Melina , Gray Alastair , Pinedo-Villanueva Rafael , Rivero-Arias Oliver , Nanchahal Jagdeep
Published: February 2019

Dupuytren’s disease (DD) is a common fibroproliferative condition of the palmar and digital fascia of the hand; however, there is currently no approved treatment for early stage DD. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods applied to assess the cost-effectiveness of adalimumab injections compared to usual care for controlling the progression of early stage DD in the Repurposing Anti-TNF for Treating Dupuytren’s Disease (RIDD) trial.

Measure of effectiveness and resource use will be obtained from a randomised clinical trial, carried out in three healthcare centres, and recruiting a minimum of 138 patients aged 18 years and above with a diagnosis of early stage DD. Resource use and utility measures (quality-adjusted life years) will be collected at 3, 6, 9, 12 (primary outcome endpoint) and 18 months post-randomisation. A within-trial cost-utility analysis (CUA) will be conducted at 12 months and if the intervention is effective, a decision analytic model will be applied to estimate the lifetime effectiveness and costs. The analysis will be performed from a health system (National Health Service and personal social services) perspective. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to assess the robustness of the results.

RIDD is the first randomised controlled trial with an economic evaluation conducted among patients with early stage DD. The protocol described here records our intent to conduct both a within-trial CUA alongside the RIDD study and a lifetime CUA using decision-analytic modelling.
Alterity and Poetry: The Ṛgveda and the Invention of Indian Theatre
Authors: D’Intino Silvia
Published: February 2019

Ancient Indian literature, poetry and prose, shows different forms of dialogue that have been regarded as the first vestiges of a dramatic art in India. In the Ṛgveda, dialogue appears to be more than a genre, what gives a fundamental structure to the hymns. The study of the ṛṣis’ style and the formal peculiarities of Vedic poetry may shed light on a deep filiation. Among these peculiarities, we will focus on the use of personal pronouns, namely the first person singular. In a small group of Varuṇa hymns attributed to Vasiṣṭha (ṚV VII 86–89), the remarkable conception of the speaking ‘I’, different from the poet himself, different from the lyric ‘I’, sheds light on the distancing effect operated by the Vedic poet, on the difference between subject and persona as a main feature of his art, thus anticipating the emergence of the character, and secretly contributing to the invention of theatre in ancient India.
Co wspólnego ma metafora z kłamstwem, żartem i udawaniem?
Authors: Kominek Andrzej
Published: February 2019

What Does a Metaphor Have in Common with a Lie, Joke and Pretence?Linguistic communication consists of speech acts. In this article, I try to show the features which connect different speech acts, such as a lie, a joke, or pretending, with statements of metaphorical nature. I call them acts of communication and social competence. I understand them as ‘acts which have a meaning, are cognitive representations of what others want to communicate, and support social communication’. In the centre of this category is the metaphor which, in light of the cognitive approach, unites our intellect and imagination, and thus is not just a phenomenon of language, but primarily a phenomenon of our thinking and cognition.
Polityka Turcji wobec Bałkanów Zachodnich po 2008 roku
Authors: Kopyś Tadeusz
Published: February 2019

With the disintegration of Yugoslavia, all the balances in the Balkans were altered and the instability that arose from this process reached a level that threatened international peace. The historical ties between the peoples of Turkey and countries of the region have extended until today. There are Turkish minorities and communities as well as kin communities in the Balkan countries on the one hand; whereas there are citizens of Balkan‑origin in Turkey on the other. Turkey aims to initiate a psychological breakthrough in the Balkans to undo the negative memories of the past. At the regional level, Turkey follows three different sets of policies. The first is to develop bilateral relations to the possible highest extent. The second track is the creation of trilateral mechanisms, such as between Turkey, Serbia, and Bosnia; and Turkey, Croatia, and Bosnia‑Herzegovina. The third track aims to achieve region‑wide cooperation efforts and foster economic interdependence to secure the future of the political relations.
Chrześcijański konserwatyzm. Wybrane aspekty teologiczne w twórczości Filareta Moskiewskiego (Drozdowa)
Authors: Romanowski Dymitr
Published: February 2019

Christian Conservatism. Selected Theological Aspects in the Works of Metropolitan Philaret (Drozdov)The article aims to present the sources of Russian conservatism, based on the Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov) works. Special attention is given to the critique of the ‘project of the autonomy of reason’, which is essential for the political culture of modernity. For Filaret the fundamental paradox of human condition is that the only purpose of human’s life is a supernatural goal, or Eternal Life. In the political perspective, it means that it is wrong to accept the existence of a temporal or political order separated from the spiritual order.
Nacjonalistyczna idea narodu i państwa narodowego w socjologicznej analizie rodziny i domu rodzinnego
Authors: Malendowicz Paweł
Published: February 2019

The Nationalist Idea of Nation and Nation‑State in the Sociological Analysis of Family and HomeThe main issue of this article is the nationalist idea of nation and nation‑state in the sociological analysis of family and home. In this article the nation is conceived as representing family and the state is conceived as representing home. The point of view of the nationalist parties and sociology is similar. Threats to the family and the nation are: economic globalization, materialism and consumerism, poverty, social pathologies. That is why in t the article were used concepts, definitions and other achievements of sociology.
Wpływ traktatu lizbońskiego na unijne prawo prywatne międzynarodowe
Authors: Kamarad Ewa
Published: February 2019

The Impact of the Treaty of Lisbon on the EU Private International LawThe paper deals with private international law after the adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon. In particular, it discusses the legal basis for adopting secondary legislation in this field and the EU competence to conclude international agreements. Next, the EU legislative activity is presented, with particular emphasis on family law, in which enhanced cooperation has already been initiated twice.
The role of patient-reported outcomes in the management of chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Hopkinson Kate
Published: February 2019

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a debilitating condition that can substantially affect patients' quality of life (QoL), mental health and ability to perform daily tasks. International guidelines on the management of CSU, jointly developed by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and World Allergy Organization (WAO), recommend a treat-to-target strategy until symptom control or remission is achieved. This may mean stepping up or down in the treatment algorithm according to the course of CSU and re-evaluating the need for continued/alternative drug treatment. Utilising patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools in daily clinical practice will create a gold standard for care in CSU, aiding the treat-to-target strategy, increasing patient wellbeing and reducing healthcare costs through optimal treatment and management of patients with CSU. This article outlines PRO tools recommended by EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guidelines for assessment of CSU symptom control, severity and QoL.
The relationship between effective transition models and the optimal management of patient care
Authors: Logina Aleksandra , Traynor Marian
Published: February 2019

There is a shortfall of over 10% of the NHS workforce in the UK and the Nursing and Midwifery Council has reported that an estimated 18% of nurses leave the profession altogether within 3 years of qualification. Canada and the USA also face retention issues. The transition period from student to registered nurse is considered an important period during which the newly qualified nurse (NQN) gains experience. This article aims to analyse how the transition from student to registered nurse can be more effectively facilitated, thereby enhancing the delivery of patient care. It examines how NQNs perceive the transition period and discusses how effective transition supports the optimal management of patient care.
A long-term plan for embracing digital healthcare technology
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: February 2019

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the recently published NHS Long Term Plan's proposals for developing the use of digital technology to enhance patient care
Tackling racial bias in NHS workplaces
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: February 2019

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, explains how initiatives, such as the West Midlands cultural ambassador programme, can bring positive changes for black and minority ethnic staff
Breathlessness in palliative care: a practical guide
Authors: Gillon Suzie , Clifton Ian J
Published: February 2019

Breathlessness is a common symptom for patients with terminal illness and can be challenging to manage. Breathlessness is acknowledged to be an interaction between body and mind. There are a variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies that can be beneficial. The holistic assessment of the breathlessness patient should enable delivery of a tailored package of care focused on relief of symptoms.
Physicians, paraproteins and progress: diagnosis and management of myeloma
Authors: Pawlyn Charlotte , Jackson Graham H
Published: February 2019

Myeloma outcomes have improved dramatically over the last decade as a result of novel therapies, several of which are now commonly continued to disease relapse. Physicians who do not work in haematology are therefore more likely than ever before to be consulted by a patient with myeloma, either for an unrelated condition or with a side effect of myeloma or its treatment. Myeloma is also the cancer most likely to be diagnosed in accident and emergency departments or by the acute physician and so an awareness of its presentation and management is especially important in these settings to enable early diagnosis and limit the morbidity associated with end organ damage. This review summarizes the presenting features of disease, diagnostic criteria for myeloma and related plasma cell disorders, and discusses current management.
Change the cover: Superhero fan identity in an age of diversification1
Authors: Kashtan Aaron
Published: February 2019

Long dominated by straight white male fans, superhero comics fandom has recently grown more diverse and inclusive. As with other fan communities like science fiction and gaming, this diversification has led to a backlash from enfranchised fans who are angry at losing their dominant position. Focusing on three controversies surrounding three comic book covers that were accused of sexism, this article analyses the ongoing debate between ‘traditional’ and ‘progressive’ superhero fans. I argue that this debate – like the Gamergate and Sad Puppies controversies, but in significantly different ways – is a microcosm of larger divisions within American society.
Canon wars: A semiotic and ethnographic study of a Wikipedia talk page debate concerning the canon of Star Wars
Authors: Thomas Paul
Published: February 2019

This article examines how Wikipedia editors who are also members of fan communities attempt to assemble articles on the ‘canon’ (i.e. the aspects of a fictional universe that are held as official by fans) of media objects of interest. Derived largely from an ethnographic study and semiotic analysis of the Wikipedia article ‘Star Wars canon’ and its accompanying ‘talk page’, this article argues the following: first, an article’s talk page often serves as its ‘heteroglossic preconscious’, functioning as a space in which fan editors can debate conflicting versions of canon. Once a definition is agreed on, the article itself is edited to reflect the consensus, and in the process becomes a monoglossic representation of the ‘One True Canon’ in the eyes of Wikipedia fan editors. Second, authority plays a major role in the creation of articles on canon, with the sayings of the author (who is often seen in the light of a quasi-deity) being revered. Authority, however, can be shared and even subsumed by institutions, leading to disagreements as to whom the final authority really is. Third and finally, the opinions of these authors are heavily cited on talk pages to allow editors to participate in the aforementioned authority of the author, ‘win’ talk page debates, and thereby establish a Wikipedia article that details the ‘One True Canon’.
Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the Syzygium polyanthum leaf extract from Malaysia
Authors: Nordin Muhammad Luqman , Othman Abdul Aziz , Kadir Arifah Abdul , Shaari Rumaizi , Osman Abdinasir Yusuf , Mohamed Maizan
Published: February 2019

Background and Aim: The increasing prevalence of drug resistance eventually leads scientist to discover new drugs that could solve the problem. Since ancient immemorial times, medicinal plants generally known as herbs were widely used in every culture throughout the world. In fact, currently up to 70,000 plant species have been screened for biological activities and about 70% ends up for commercialization. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and antibacterial effect of Syzygium polyanthum leaves which are local Malaysia plants, against 4T1 and MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells, respectively, and also against bacteria causing mastitis in cows.

Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effect of hydromethanolic extract of S. polyanthum against 4T1 and MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells was evaluated using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The cells were treated with the concentration of extracts ranging from 15.63 μg/mL to 1000 μg/ml for 72 h, and the percentage of cell survivability was determined based on minimum concentration that was able to allow at least 50% growth of cancer cells (IC50) after 72 h. The antibacterial activity was tested against common bacteria causing mastitis in cow. The bacteria were isolated from milk samples. The antibacterial activity of the extract was determined by disk diffusion method and susceptibility test based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

Results: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, and Staphylococcus intermedius were isolated from the milk samples that positive for mastitis. The MIC values range from 7.12 mm to 13.5 mm. The extract exhibits the widest zone of inhibition (13.5±0.20 mm) at 1000 mg/ml of concentrations. The extract relatively has low cytotoxicity effect against 4T1 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values ranging from 672.57±59.42 and 126.05±50.89 μg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion: S. polyanthum exerts weak antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect to mammary carcinoma cells. The extract does not toxic to cells. However, further study is recommended, especially, this plant should be tested for in vivo.
Comparison and assessment of material models for simulation of infilled RC frames under lateral loads
Authors: Timurağaoğlu Mehmet Ömer , Doğangün Adem , Livaoğlu Ramazan
Published: February 2019

In the present study, the behaviour of infilled RC frames under earthquake loading is investigated numerically, and the influence of three different concrete material models on the in-plane behaviour of infilled RC frames is evaluated using the finite element analysis (FEA). For this reason, the efficiency of infilled walls is examined on full scale models. Finite element analysis results show that mathematical model of concrete may change behaviour of infilled RC frames. The post-peak behaviour is especially influenced.
A High Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Pikkarainen Sampsa , Martelius Timi , Ristimäki Ari , Siitonen Sanna , Seppänen Mikko R.J. , Färkkilä Martti
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is associated with a spectrum of autoimmune complications. We studied the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations and infections in patients with CVID.

METHODS:

Complete clinical data of 132 Finnish patients with CVID (106 probable and 26 possible CVID) followed up between 2007 and 2016 were collected to a structured database. Data on endoscopies, histology, and laboratory studies were retrieved from patient files.

RESULTS:

Most common referral indications were diarrhea and/or weight loss (47%–67%). Patients with probable CVID had higher fecal calprotectin and α1-antitrypsin and lower blood vitamin B12 than patients with possible CVID. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy were done to 71 (67%) and 63 (59%) patients with probable CVID, respectively. Endoscopies showed that 15% of them had chronic active gastritis and 17% atrophic gastritis and 3% had gastric adenocarcinoma. A celiac sprue-like condition was found in 7 patients (10%), of whom 3 responded to a gluten-free diet. Colonoscopies demonstrated unspecific colitis (14%), ulcerative colitis (8%), microscopic colitis (10%), and Crohn's disease (2%). Colonic polyps were noted in 30% of patients, and 3% had lower GI malignancies. Thirty-five patients with CVID had bacterial or parasitic gastroenteritis; chronic norovirus was detected in 4 patients with probable CVID. Patients with GI inflammation had higher levels of fecal calprotectin and blood CD8+ T lymphocytes but lower counts of CD19+CD27+ memory B cells and/or CD19+ B cells. Immunophenotype with low B-cell counts was associated with higher fecal calprotectin levels.

DISCUSSION:

Patients with CVID had a high prevalence of GI manifestations and infections of the GI tract. GI inflammation was associated with a distinct immunophenotype and elevated fecal calprotectin.
The Transformation of Humanities Education
Authors: Grøtta Vidar
Published: February 2019

This first comprehensive study of Norwegian humanities education employs systems theory to analyze its transformation from a form of teacher training to its modern status as research-oriented generalist education. Using historical documents and statistical analyses, Vidar Grøtta shows that the expansion of the post-war research system in Norway led to an increase in admissions to humanities education in the 1960s and an ensuing research drift in humanities curricula. Interacting with certain political dynamics and the knowledge economy that has emerged since the 1970s, this research drift resulted in a shift in humanists' career patterns and a transformation of the societal functions of the humanities. The most recent developments in Norwegian humanities education, from 2000 to 2018, are outlined and discussed in the afterword to this volume.
Das Gesetz der Szene
Authors: Richter Angelika
Published: February 2019

Eine Folge der Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands war die verstärkte Marginalisierung von Künstlerinnen aus der DDR, die als Teil einer ›genderlosen‹ Geschichtsschreibung zu begreifen ist. Angelika Richter fragt nach den Gründen für diesen doppelten Ausschluss, die bis in die Anfangsjahre der DDR zurückgehen. Dabei führt sie auch einer nicht im Sozialismus sozialisierten Leserschaft vor Augen, welche Effekte staatliche Emanzipationsprogramme hatten. Ihre Studie erkundet die genderspezifischen Strukturen der ›zweiten Öffentlichkeit‹ und unterstreicht den Stellenwert prozessbasierter Kunst für die Herausbildung dieser Sphäre. Darüber hinaus zeichnet sie nach, wie Performances tradierte Vorstellungen von Geschlecht thematisiert und kritisiert haben.
Diskursfeld Technik und Geschlecht
Authors: Schmeck Marike
Published: February 2019

Die beständige Zurückhaltung junger Frauen gegenüber technischen Berufen erscheint zunehmend erklärungsbedürftig. Mit Bezugnahme auf die Arbeiten von Judith Butler und Michel Foucault fragt Marike Schmeck aus einer primär poststrukturalistisch ausgerichteten Perspektive nach der Bedeutung gesellschaftlicher Geschlechternormen im Zusammenspiel mit vorherrschenden Technikbildern, die sich bei der Entscheidung adoleszenter Frauen für oder gegen einen technischen Beruf als relevant erweisen (können). Anhand der Analyse von Gruppendiskussionen zeigt sie, wie junge Frauen widersprüchliche Anforderungen, mit denen sie sich konfrontiert sehen, bearbeiten, wie sie sich mit ihnen identifizieren, aber auch widerständige Praxen entwickeln.
The effect of Lego Mindstorm projects on problem solving skills and scientific creativity of teacher candidate
Öğretmen adaylarının problem çözme becerilerine ve bilimsel yaratıcılıklarına Lego Mindstorm projelerinin etkisi
Authors: Avcı Berkan , Şahin Fatma
Published: February 2019

In this study; the effects of Lego Mindstorms projects on problem solving skills and scientific creativity of teacher candidates were. The study group consisted of 20 pre-service science teachers. The data were collected quantitatively and qualitatively. Problem solving and scientific creativity  test were used as quantitative data collection instruments. , Teacher Participant Interview was used as qualitative data collection tool. The practice with teacher candidates lasted 9 weeks.  In this process, pre-service teachers learned the software. Then, these teacher candidates were presented with the science problems appropriate to different grade levels and produced solutions to these problems with Lego EV3 Education sets.Results of the study, the participating teacher candidates identified Lego Ev3 Education sets as creative (25.6%), functional (18.7%), educational (20.9%), developmental (20.9%) and informative (13.9%). As a result of the projects carried out with the Lego Ev3 education sets, the problem solving skills and scientific creativity of the prospective teachers developed.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmada; Lego Mindstorms projelerinin öğretmen adaylarının problem çözme becerilerine ve bilimsel yaratıcılıklarına etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Fen Bilgisi 3.sınıf öğrencisi 20 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada nicel ve nitel veriler toplanmıştır. Nicel veri toplama araçları olarak problem çözme envanteri ve bilimsel yaratıcılık testi kullanılmıştır. Nitel veri toplama aracı olarak da öğretmen görüş anketi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın uygulama süreci 9 hafta sürmüştür. Bu süreçte önce öğretmen adayları yazılımı öğrenmiştir. Sonra bu öğretmen adaylarına farklı sınıf düzeylerine uygun fen problemleri sunulmuş ve bu problemlere Lego EV3 Education setleri ile çözüm üretmişlerdir.Çalışmanın sonuçları, araştırmaya katılan öğretmen adaylarının Lego Ev3 Education setlerini: yaratıcı (%25.6), işlevsel (%18.7), eğitimde uygulanabilir (%20.9), gelişimsel (%20.9) ve bilgiyi uygulayabilir (%13.9) olarak tanımladıklarını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Lego Ev3 education setleri ile yapılan projeler sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının problem çözme becerileri ve bilimsel yaratıcılıkları gelişmiştir.
Similar but not the same: Application of EEG frontal alpha asymmetry to game research
Authors: Mycka Michał Leszek , Czajka Adam
Published: February 2019

W ramach badania weryfikowaliśmy skuteczność asymetrii czołowej mierzonej w paśmie alfa (FAA) w różnicowaniu gier, które odniosły sukces rynkowy, i tych, które takiego sukcesu nie odniosły. Uczestnicy (N = 27) odbywali dwie wizyty w laboratorium, za każdym razem grając w jedną dostępną komercyjnie grę. W trakcie każdego z badań dokonywano pomiaru fal mózgowych uczestników za pomocą elektroencefalografii (EEG). Wyniki wykazały, że FAA można z powodzeniem stosować do rozróżniania pomiędzy grami, nawet jeśli różnice pomiędzy nimi są zbyt małe, aby zostały uchwycone metodami samoopisowymi. Różnice mierzone w FAA podczas dwóch rozgrywek były skorelowane z różnicami w preferencjach graczy. Jednak wskaźnik FAA nie był związany z deklarowaną przyjemnością z rozgrywki.
Immersion level and bot player identification in a multiplayer online game: The World of Warships case study
Authors: Łupkowski Paweł , Krajewska Violetta
Published: February 2019

W artykule przedstawiamy wyniki badania poświęconego identyfikacji graczy-botów w wieloosobowej grze online. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone z wykorzystaniem gry World of Warships. Grupa badana składała się z 30 osób (15 doświadczonych graczy oraz 15 osób z niewielkim doświadczeniem w grach). Badani grali w grę przeciwko botom lub ludziom. Główną hipotezą badawczą przyjętą przez nas na potrzeby badania było przypuszczenie, że im wyższy poziom immersji osiągnie gracz, tym mniej trafnie będzie rozpoznawał graczy, przeciwko którym gra (jako ludzi lub boty). Hipoteza ta nie znajduje potwierdzenia w wynikach badania.
Software complex for modeling and optimization of program implementation on parallel calculation systems
Authors: Bakanov Valery
Published: February 2019

The paper considers the problem of developing rational methods for the creation of a framework (a plan, execution timetable) of parallel programs for real parallel computing systems. To solve this problem, a software environment (software stand) has been developed that allows implementing different strategies for building a framework for parallel programs and assessing the quality of these strategies. The built-in script Lua programming language is used to increase the flexibility of modeling and optimization capabilities. Results of applying some of the proposed strategies for constructing rational plans for parallel programming are outlined.
Emotion-focused training for emotion coaching – an intervention to reduce self-criticism
Authors: Halamová Júlia , Kanovský Martin
Published: February 2019

Emotion-Focused Training for Emotion Coaching (EFT-EC) is based on Emotion-focused Therapy findings and was developed to help participants deepen their emotional skills. The goal was to examine the efficacy of a 12-week EFT-EC group program the level of emotion intelligence, self-compassion and self-criticism in a student population. A quasi-experiment with no control group was conducted with pre- and post-measurements using The Self-compassion scale (SCS), the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS), and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – short form (TEIQue-SF). The EFT-EC participants were128 students. The EFT-EC intervention had a significant effect on self-criticism and self-control latent scores as reported at post-measurement. The structural equation model with latent variables was not an adequate fit for the rest of the subscales. These results are promising and suggest that interventions intended to enhance emotion skills can also reduce self-criticism even when not directly addressing it.
Prospectives for the Use of Li-Ion Batteries in Hybrid Stand-Alone Power Sources
Authors: Khantimerov Sergey , Fatykhov Ranis , Suleimanov Nail
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the possibility of using lithium-ion batteries in hybrid stand-alone power sources is considered. The article gives a comparative analysis of the energy and performance characteristics, the service life of lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. It is shown that the longer service life and the specific energy density, the absence of the need for constant monitoring of the main parameters and the ability to preserve the original capacity at increased discharge currents, open the possibility of using lithium-ion batteries in hybrid stand-alone power sources.
Effect of wood flour and naphthenic oil on morphology, rheological and mechanical properties of EPDM/PP/AL composite
Authors: Gou Rui , Guo Minghui
Published: February 2019

Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), made from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polypropylene (PP) base on reactive blending, has an excellent processing performance and characteristics and a wide range of applications. In this paper, EPDM, PP and ammonium lignosulfonate (AL) were selected as raw materials, wood flour (WF) of poplar tree was used as filler, naphthenic oil was used as plasticizer, DCP vulcanization system with dynamic vulcanization was carried, to make a new kind of composite material. This research studied the influences of wood flour and naphthenic oil content on the microstructure, mechanical properties and rheological properties of the composite material. The result showed: the content of wood flour and naphthenic oil has big impact on composite material. With the increase of the wood flour content, the mechanical properties are increased firstly and then decreased. The viscosity and modulus of the composite is improved with the increase of wood flour. With of the increase of the amount of naphthenic oil, the mechanical properties, viscosity and modulus of the composites decreased. When the content of wood flour is between 30–60 parts and the content of naphthenic oil is less than 20, the EPDM/PP/AL composite is suitable for using as the core layer elastic material of composite floor.