bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«Adaptación a la constante movilidad y progreso de la ciencia bélica». Misiones de Estados Unidos para la modernización del Estado colombiano, 1959-1962
Authors: Vélez Rendón Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

Se describen tres misiones de Estados Unidos de América (EUA) que visitaron Colombia entre 1959 y 1962 para reformar las Fuerzas Armadas, la Policía Nacional y el Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad (DAS). En el escenario internacional de confrontación de proyectos hegemónicos durante la Guerra Fría, se analiza la puesta en práctica de tales misiones y sus efectos en el rediseño de aquellas agencias estatales. Con base en bibliografía y documentos del Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos de América, el análisis historiográfico muestra cómo a partir de diagnósticos, planes de acción, asesoría, capacitación, apoyo logístico y financiero se buscó incidir en la planeación estratégica, táctica y operacional de fuerzas centrales en el relacionamiento Estado-sociedad civil en Colombia en la década de 1960. Pese al carácter «potencial» de ese «enemigo comunista», la tentativa modernizadora de aquellos cuerpos involucró institucionalmente al Estado colombiano en la Guerra Fría y lo introdujo sistemáticamente en las prácticas de guerra irregular y no convencional.
Conflictos socioambientales en Antioquia tras la implementación del Acuerdo de Paz. Entre la construcción de la paz territorial y de la paz ambiental
Authors: Franco Gantiva Anna María
Published: December 2020

Las subregiones de Antioquia que hacen parte del Plan de Acción para la Transformación Regional (PATR) —Urabá y Bajo Cauca y Nordeste— se han caracterizado por ser una de las más violentas del departamento. La mayoría de sus municipios tienen un riesgo climático alto, extracción ilícita de minerales, conflictos socioambientales asociados al uso del territorio y altos niveles de pobreza en las zonas rurales. Estas condiciones agravan más la vulnerabilidad climática de las comunidades. Dentro de ese contexto, ¿cómo la implementación del Punto 1 del Acuerdo de Paz incide en la adaptación al cambio climático de las subregiones PATR? A partir de la construcción concertada de los Programas de Desarrollo con Enfoque Territorial (PDET) y de las iniciativas finales consagradas en el PATR encaminadas a la construcción de paz territorial y que sirven como estrategias de adaptación y gestión de riesgo basado en comunidades (AbC) y de adaptación y gestión de riesgo basado en ecosistemas (AbE), alicientes para alcanzar una paz ambiental. Sin embargo, su implementación ha sido lenta y parcializada, acarreando un posible fracaso temprano, específicamente en el Bajo Cauca.
El triunfo de las campañas posmodernas. Los casos de las alcaldías de Bogotá y Medellín en las elecciones de 2019
Authors: Crespo Martínez Ismael , Cepeda Jiménez José Alejandro , Rojo Martínez José Miguel
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se analiza la presencia de los rasgos propios de las campañas posmodernas en las elecciones para las alcaldías de Bogotá y Medellín en 2019, y qué aprendizaje cabe extraer de todo ello. Las exitosas campañas de Claudia López y de Daniel Quintero pueden considerarse casos relevantes para explicar las transformaciones que está viviendo la comunicación político-electoral. Ambos candidatos, ajenos a las estructuras tradicionales de los partidos, diseñaron campañas de tipo posmoderno en las que primaron los temas posmaterialistas, como el ecologismo y el feminismo, al mismo tiempo que construyeron potentes relatos personales. Los nuevos valores emergentes, especialmente significativos para el público joven, la importancia de la personalización y el uso de técnicas comunicativas innovadoras se pusieron de manifiesto en la estrategia de estos candidatos.
HIPERPLASIA ANGIOLINFOIDE: REPORTE DE UN CASO INUSUAL EN CAVIDAD ORAL
Authors: Tovío-Martínez Eilien , Urbano-del Valle Samuel , Anaya-Guzmán Laura , Rivera-Peñates Diana
Published: December 2020

La hiperplasia angiolinfoide con eosinofilia (HACE) es una enfermedad rara de origen desconocido, de carácter inflamatorio, que puede ser asintomática o presentarse con prurito, dolor o sangrado espontáneo, sin predilección por género. Las opciones de tratamiento son la criocirugía, el láser de colorante pulsado, el tacrolimus tópico, la cirugía, el curetaje y los retinoides orales. Se reporta un caso clínico de hiperplasia angiolinfoide con eosinofilia en cavidad oral, así como el tratamiento realizado. Paciente de sexo femenino, que acudió a consulta de estomatología y cirugía oral por presentar lesión localizada a nivel de vestíbulo entre órganos dentarios 11 y 12. Clínicamente se observó lesión nodular localizada en encía adherida de aproximadamente 1 cm de diámetro, asintomático a la palpación y de etiología desconocida. La hiperplasia angiolinfoide es una patología inusual en cavidad oral, de etiología desconocida, en la que el diagnóstico definitivo debe hacerse a través del examen histopatológico y los signos clínicos.
EVALUACIÓN CEFALOMÉTRICA DE LA POBLACIÓN MESTIZA COLOMBIANA ENTRE 6 A 12 AÑOS
Authors: Jaramillo Vallejo Pedro María , Salcedo Ospina Olga Bibiana
Published: December 2020

Introducción: a través de los años se han estudiado poblaciones por medio de radiografías cefálicas laterales, en variedad de etnias, edades y tipos de estudio, lo que ha permitido establecer estándares para diferentes grupos. En Latinoamérica, los estudios demuestran diferencias cefalométricas respecto a las normas basadas en poblaciones caucásicas. Método: se analizaron 1.627 casos de pacientes sin tratamiento previo, 855 hombres y 772 mujeres entre 6 y 12 años. Se tomó radiografía cefálica lateral y un trazado específico. Se realizó análisis descriptivo utilizando media, desviación estándar, mínimo y máximo. Se hizo comparación entre los sujetos masculinos y femeninos y por edades. Resultados: se encontró mayor tamaño en todas las medidas en hombres, siendo estadísticamente significativas en algunas medidas y edades. La edad que mayor diferencia presenta es a los 8 y 9 años, y la de menor diferencia es a los 10 años. Conclusión: se presentó variación en el tamaño maxilar y mandibular con la edad y el género, con mayor tamaño en los hombres y con características de manifestaciones de predominio vertical.
Twitter y las nuevas formas de cultura popular
Authors: Escandell Montiel Daniel
Published: December 2020

La cultura popular ha ido avanzando hacia un papel vinculado fuertemente con la tradición escrita a través del auge de las redes sociales. Para este artículo, recurrimos a análisis interdisciplinares, con especial atención a los ámbitos lingüísticos y literarios, con los que abordar Twitter como espacio discursivo y plural. Por tanto, centramos el artículo en Twitter desde el punto de vista de una conversación en marcha y su componente híbrido oral-escrito. Esta circunstancia influye en el tipo de producciones literarias y creativas, así como en el impacto de la cultura popular del siglo XXI que habita sus servidores. Mediante una aproximación a los memes, como epítome de nuestra cultura textovisual, y su huella en Twitter, abordamos la cultura popular y proponemos una reivindicación desde las Humanidades del espacio de comunicación público en la red. Con ello, proponemos la necesidad de abordar este espacio no solo desde el abordaje sincrónico que conlleva la digitalidad y los estudios digitales, sino desde la perspectiva de una tradición académica mayor.
Em tempos de pandemia: uma abordagem nutricional para aumentar a imunidade
Authors: Da Silva Santos Leonice
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer verificação de forma descritiva em estudos fundamentados na literatura de autores e vídeos que pesquisam sobre alimentos que aumentam a imunidade, a metodologia aplicada foi a averiguação de bibliografia e vídeos explicativos sobre o tema, com o intuito de fazer um levantamento dos alimentos campeões em elevar a resposta imunológica dos indivíduos, como resultados o estudo constatou que uma alimentação bem equilibrada exerce importância fundamental para a saúde do corpo e da mente, atuando como prevenção e tratamento de enfermidades, os estudos evidenciam que as boas práticas nutricionais são fortes aliadas na prevenção de patologias e na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos como um todo conclusões o estudo demonstrou de forma evidente a relevância dos nutrientes para o normal funcionamento do metabolismo do corpo, além de várias outras funções que eles desempenham, seja de natureza física ou psíquica, são nutrientes imprescindíveis, cada um com sua atribuição particular e relevância. Portanto, a forma primordial para melhorar a saúde da população é por meio de um direcionamento nutricional divulgada nos mais diversos meios de comunicação e mídias sociais, de modo que, alcance os mais diferentes níveis sociais, credo e faixa etária da população em geral.
Importancia de la educación inclusiva y justicia social en época de pandemia
Authors: Amaro Agudo Ana , Martínez Heredia Nazaret
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad realizar un ensayo teórico y de reflexión acerca de cuestiones relevantes en la actual situación de pandemia mundial referidas al papel educación inclusiva y de los centros educativos en torno a la justicia social, mostrando la importancia de la implicación real de las familias como eje del triángulo educativo: educación inclusiva-familia-escuela. Uno de los pilares de la educación inclusiva es eliminar las barreras al aprendizaje y la participación de todos/as y ayudar a establecer el cambio sobre el que trabajar en momentos posteriores. En la actualidad, podemos constatar que la pandemia ha agudizado la brecha entre los colectivos sociales, haciendo más vulnerables a las familias en relación a la educación de los hijos, obligados a desarrollar las tareas educativas en el ámbito familiar. Por lo que nos planteamos la situación a la que se enfrenta en este momento la educación sin exclusiones.
Las macrodestrezas en el aula de ELE
Authors: Cabrera Sequera Celia
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo primordial hacer ver al docente de Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE), que las macrodestrezas o habilidades lingüísticas, deben integrarse y desarrollarse en el aula. Para ello se fundamentan primero conceptos claves, como macrodestrezas o habilidades lingüísticas, para seguidamente hacer una búsqueda teórica basada en diversos autores sobre la comprensión y expresión oral y escrita. Este artículo es debido a la relevancia que tiene la comunicación en todo el mundo. La comunicación oral y escrita son senderos incuestionables en nuestras vidas que nos ceden comunicarnos con el mundo exterior. Es por ello, que uno de los objetivos de este artículo está en facilitar herramientas útiles para el alumnado de ELE, para que se encuentren con un déficit comunicativo.
El Libro de Artista como recurso didáctico innovador y su potencial terapéutico
Authors: Escribano Alejandra
Published: December 2020

El libro de artista es un medio de expresión con parámetros totalmente distintos a los que conocemos tradicionalmente, como la pintura, la escultura o las obras literarias tradicionales. De esta diferenciación nace necesariamente un género artístico nuevo e independiente, que es fundamentalmente interdisciplinario y que posibilita cruces entre distintos campos del arte, el diseño y la artesanía se unen para desarrollar una idea. Se toma conciencia del libro como una entidad artística propia e independiente dentro del arte contemporáneo.

Este trabajo surge como una necesidad de aclarar conceptos sobre las fronteras que definen este género y de compartir las observaciones, impresiones y proyecciones basadas en la experiencia realizada a través de talleres dictados sobre el tema. Pretende atender a su posibilidad multidisciplinar en la construcción del lenguaje y la expresión y rescatar sus cualidades como un óptimo recurso didáctico innovador para el área educativa así como también un excelente medio para expresar cuestiones inconscientes o elaborar problemasemocionales.

Al no estar estratificado dentro de las normas, regulaciones y desregulaciones que sufren otras disciplinas, este género goza de cierta liviandad, la prioridad está en la expresión, y las posibilidades de ejecución para materializarla son múltiples. Existen libros sonoros, otros que representan escenarios teatrales, formas lúdicas que necesitan precisión matemática o geométrica para su ejecución, etc. Esta apertura a la diversidad posibilita el trabajo multidisciplinar integrando diferentes áreas del conocimiento: música, teatro, literatura, plástica, informática, matemáticas y otras.

En el trabajo con niños, de 8 a 12 años, estos incluyeron y aprovecharon de forma natural los recursos plásticos y literarios, narrando historias que expresaban sus fantasías, miedos y deseos. Los adolescentes pudieron plasmar con libertad y sin inhibiciones sus ideas, emociones y sentimientos, en creaciones personales y colectivas. En los talleres para adultos se observó la tendencia a crear libros de confesiones íntimas o “ritualizar” experiencias pasadas a través de la creación. En todos los grupos se destacó la camaradería y la valoración positiva de la obra propia y ajena.
CORPO VIVIDO DE ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA: OLHAR DE GESTORES E DE FUNCIONÁRIOS DE UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA
Authors: Brasiliano Betânia Nicácio , Alves Laís Barbosa , Santos Soraya Dayanna Guimarães
Published: December 2020

A corporeidade pode ser entendida como a forma com que percebemos nossos corpos através da representação em nossa mente. Desta maneira, investigar como o corpo das pessoas com deficiência é percebido possibilitará um maior entendimento de como as relações com os corpos desses sujeitos são estabelecidas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o olhar de gestores e de funcionários de uma escola pública sobre o corpo de alunos com deficiência. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com dois gestores e três funcionários de uma escola estadual da Zona da Mata Mineira. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Tivemos como principais resultados, que o olhar de gestores e de funcionários da escola é cercado pelo discurso da “normalidade” e da “superproteção”, além do ambiente escolar não estar preparado para incluir os alunos que possuem deficiência. Desta maneira, existe a necessidade de desconstruir essa forma estigmatizada e cercada de preconceitos acerca do corpo da pessoa com deficiência, devendo-se valorizar o potencial humano e suas relações estabelecidas através dele.
RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO E TRABALHO DOCENTE: EXPERIÊNCIAS DE PROFESSORAS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Maurício de Santana Anabela , Santana Cruz Maria Helena
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho analisa sob a perspectiva de gênero, o sentido, o significado do trabalho, a valorização da qualificação e de novas competências para as professoras do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Estadual Professor Valnir Chagas na cidade de Aracaju/Se, destacando avanços obtidos na construção da identidade, na ampliação dos direitos e da cidadania. A metodologia recaiu na abordagem qualitativa por esta permitir a coleta e análise de dados de maneira aprofundada considerando-se os aspectos explícitos e implícitos do fenômeno estudado, além de proporcionar a explicitação das subjetividades. Foram consultadas diferentes fontes de informação: documentos, estatísticas oficiais, priorizando-se as fontes orais por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com sete professoras da referida escola. As docentes respondentes não mostram familiaridade com a abordagem de gênero; elas tendem a expressar representações naturalizadas sobre a construção das diferenças. A histórica divisão social e sexual do trabalho dificulta o processo de construção de identidades, e, por conseguinte a ampliação dos direitos e da cidadania. Mesmo diante das dificuldades enfrentadas, contraditoriamente elas consideram que os atributos de gênero não interferem na construção de seus projetos profissionais e vice-versa, definindo possibilidades de qualificação e mobilidade no mercado de trabalho.
Community Mental Health Practice in the United States: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Hamm Jay A. , Rutherford Samuel , Wiesepape Courtney N. , Lysaker Paul N.
Published: December 2020

Similar to trends in Europe, approaches to mental illness in colonial America and recorded in early United States history were commonly characterized by incarceration and the removal of individuals from communities. In the mid-20th century, a major shift began in which treatment was offered in the community with the aim of encouraging individuals to rejoin their communities. In this paper, we will provide a brief history of community mental health services in the United States, and the forces which have influenced its development. We will explore the early antecedents of community-based approaches to care, and then detail certain factors that led to legislative, peer and clinical efforts to create Community Mental Health Centers. We will then provide an overview of current community mental health practices and evolving challenges through to the present day, including the development of services which remain focused on recovery as the ultimate goal.
THE SPECIFICS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ PERSONAL AND METADISCIPLINARY COMPETENCIES IN TEACHING LITERATURE
Authors: Karatkevich V.
Published: December 2020

The society is interested in individuals capable of showing flexibility of thinking, ability to navigate in a changing world, mobile and creative. Provisioning today must also respond to these challenges of the time: to provide lifelong learning needs. The refore, one of the key problems of the modern education system is the formation of metadisciplinary and personal competencies aimed at adapting the student in a rapidly changing world. At the sametime, it is important to understand the psychological aspect of the formation of these competencies. The implementation of education through training, the creation of conditions for self-realization are the most important components of modern education. In this article deals with defines such concepts as upbringing in the psychological aspect and the psychological aspect of upbringing, presents the principles for the selection of educational material for the formation of metadisciplinary and personal competences.
THE NATIVE LAND IN OLEKSII DOVHYI’S LINGUISTIC
VIEW OF THE WORLD
Authors: Strokal O.
Published: December 2020

The article found that the main component of a person’s view of the world are certain ideas about reality, which are formed in the mind of man in the form of concepts. Within the view of the world, such a basic value is defined as a «concept». The concept is interpreted in the study as a certain form of representation and understanding of knowledge in the mind of man. It is stated that the object of linguistic research is the specific linguistic forms of expression of concepts and ideas that express in the artistic text the author’s understanding of reality. Such linguistic units have two functions – representing the author’s worldview and shaping the worldview of the reader, influencing him. In the OleksiiDovhyi’s poetic language the outlook of his lyrical hero is represented by a series of tokens that denote groups of realities related to the image of his native land. In the conceptual view of the world of the author’s lyrical hero, this image is a sacred locus, a place rich in glorious history, filled with beautiful people, a place where history and the present are combined for the author against the backdrop of untouched nature. In some poetic contexts, the author sacralises the image of the native land by means of a series of units for the designation of environmental phenomena, which describe the external manifestations of certain objects of nature, their spatial characteristics in order to maximize their visualization.
INTERMEDIATION AND EXFRASIS IN M. PAVICH'S NOVELS
Authors: Bilyk N.
Published: December 2020

The multifaceted interrelationships of the various media are now considered to be a particular productive area of comparative strategy. The generalized typology among the types of intermedia at the present stage is considered to be the most fruitful and effective, in particular, ephrasis and intermedia – a particular manifestation of intermedia, the phenomenon of specific expressive mediation – mediation – of one media in the figurative field of another. Intermediate format, developed by the interaction of different sign systems and the content encoded by them, mainly – literature and other arts with emphasis on the sign and semantic correspondence of comparisons, has significant artistic effectiveness. At the same time, the preferred determinant of ephrasis as a description of a work of art in a literary text is suggested to be its relation to a specific work of authorship, although it also assumes the spread of the ephrasis to similar or non-existent but genre conventional art variants with a pre-eminent inheritance of the corresponding art. In determining the universal common principles of organizing such sovereignty of sign systems, positioned in the status of local variants of different discursive practices in the process of their syncretic interaction in the literary dimension, effective for illuminating the raised issue are primarily the tendencies of the extracurricular direction of literary criticism, initiated by the first concept. the imposition and intersection of semantic spaces capable of generating new meaning. The empiricism of intermedia and ephrasis is vividly and convincingly actualized in the novels of the prominent Serbian writer M. Pavic. Intermediate and extravagant improvisations are evident in the complex, multifaceted organization of the poetics of the novel form, emphasized in literary works, which brought this postulate to the level of traditional scientific views. Innovative creative experience of the artist, covered in the works of «Khazar Dictionary», «Inner Side of the Wind», «Last Love in Constantinople», «The Second Body», attests to the individual sophistication, content, precision of design and variety of potential, meaningfulness, significance poetics of syncretism of the arts to the organizational form-meaning components of the figurative structure of the novel as a whole.
EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF MORAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEES IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Authors: Adiguzel Zafer , Cakir Merve
Published: December 2020

The companies in production sector in intense competition
environment fall behind as a result of not showing performance in desired level
and leave from the sector. In particular, psychological factors that employees
experience in the organization have a positive or negative effect. One of the
most important factors in the positive or negative effects of these
psychological effects is leadership style. Within the scope of the aim of the
study is to analyze the relationship between moral leadership, creativity, effective
communication, emotional exhaustion and instrinsic motivation variables on
engineers working in production sector. When the data obtained as a result of
the study is analyzed, it was concluded that Emotional Exhaustion had negative
but intrinsic motivation had a positive effect on employees.  SPSS 25 Program was used to analyze the data
collected from 427 white-collar employees in the production sector. After
confirmatory and explanatory factor analysis and reliability analysis,
correlation analysis, regression analysis and interobserver effect analysis
were performed.
Determination of The Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Paulownia tomentosa Steud.
Authors: İNCİ Şule , KADIOĞLU DALKILIÇ Lütfiye , KIRBAG Sevda , DALKILIÇ Semih
Published: December 2020

Paulownia tomentosa, used in traditional Chinese medicine, is used in the treatment of diseases such as bronchitis and asthma thanks to its biological activities. In addition, it is known to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer effects and it is also used in the treatment of diseases such as dysentery, gonorrhea, hemorrhoids. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from methanol solvent of flower and petal parts of P. tomentosa was determined according to the disk diffusion method. The antioxidant activity of the different concentrations of the extracts obtained from methanol solvent of flower and petal extracts was determined via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity method. Anticancer activity of different concentrations of extracts obtained from solvents such as methanol, ethanol and hexane was determined using the 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test method. As a result, it was found that methanol extract of the flower part of P. tomentosa showed the best antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (18 mm). It was determined that antioxidant activity of P. tomentosa increased depend to increasing concentrations. It was concluded that P. tomentosa has the best cytotoxic effect in hexane extract.
Диагностика и лечение распространённых форм рака яичников III–IV стадии
Authors: Саевец В. В. , Важенин А. В. , Ульрих Е. А. , Мухин А. А. , Таратонов А. В. , Шмидт А. В.
Published: December 2020

Злокачественные опухоли яичников занимают 9 место в структуре заболеваемости и 6 место по смертности среди опухолей репродуктивной системы у женщин. Выживаемость больных раком яичников зависит от стадии опухолевого процесса, объема хирургического лечения, величины остаточной опухоли и от выбора метода лечения на первом этапе. В настоящее время при лечении злокачественных опухолей яичников на первом этапе следует стремиться к «агрессивной» хирургической тактике, направленной на удаление всех макроскопически определяемых опухолевых очагов с последующей химиотерапией. Однако при некоторых особенностях распространённости опухолевого процесса не всегда на первом этапе возможно выполнить данный вид хирургического лечения, что диктует необходимость выполнения тщательного инструментального обследования, позволяющего оценить возможность выполнения максимальной циторедукции. В данной работе проведен обзор оптимальных методов инструментальной диагностики и лечения пациентов с распространёнными формами рака яичников.
3D Composite Bioprinting for Fabrication of Artificial Biological Tissues
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Bin , Hu Junchao , Yin Tianyuan , Yue Tao , Liu Na , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: December 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an important technology for fabricating artificial tissue. To effectively reconstruct the multiscale structure and multi-material gradient of natural tissues and organs, 3D bioprinting has been increasingly developed into multi-process composite mode. The current 3D composite bioprinting is a combination of two or more printing processes, and oftentimes, physical field regulation that can regulate filaments or cells during or after printing may be involved. Correspondingly, both path planning strategy and process control all become more complex. Hence, the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system that is traditionally used in 3D printing system is now facing challenges. Thus, the scale information that cannot be modeled in the CAD process should be considered in the design of CAM by adding a process management module in the traditional CAD/CAM system and add more information reflecting component gradient in the path planning strategy. 
Türkiye'nin AB'ye Üyelik Sürecinde Türk Bürokratik Kurumlarına Bakış
Authors: YÜCEL Pelin
Published: December 2020

Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği ile (o tarihteki adıyla Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu) 1963’te imzaladığı Ankara Anlaşması’ndan günümüze kadar geçen 57 yıllık sürede iki taraf arasındaki ilişkiler inişli çıkışlı ve yoğunlaşarak devam etmiştir. Hem ilişkilerin yürütülmesinde hem de Türkiye’nin AB’ye uyum sürecinde gereken koordinasyonun sağlanmasında 57 yıldan bu yana temel yetki ve sorumluluk Türk bürokratik kurumlarındadır. Bu kurumların en önemlileri, sürecin en başından beri var olan Dışişleri Bakanlığı ve özellikle, Türkiye’nin adaylık statüsünü kazanmasıyla, 2000’li yılların başından itibaren çeşitli isimler altında etkinliğini sürdürerek günümüzde Avrupa Birliği Başkanlığı ismini alan kurumdur. Merkezi yönetim içinde yer alan diğer bakanlıklar ve valilikler ile yerel yönetimler olan belediyeler de AB’ye uyum sürecinde önemli görevler üstlenmekle birlikte, temel kurumlar olan Dışişleri Bakanlığı ve AB Başkanlığı’nın koordinasyonunda faaliyet gösterirler. Bu çalışmada, sözü edilen iki kurumun AB ile ilişkiler bağlamında tarihsel süreci ve yapısı incelenecek; ayrıca, Türkiye’nin AB’ye üyelik için çıktığı uzun ve zorlu yolculukta, değişen şartlara paralel olarak bu kurumların konuya bakışlarına değinilecektir.
TUCANETE LOMIRROJO Aulacorhynchus haematopygus DEPREDANDO A UN COLIBRÍ
Authors: Heinz Hans
Published: December 2020

El 22 de abril de 2017, alrededor de las 9h00, fotografié un individuo de Tucanete Lomirrojo Aulacorhynchus haematopygus en Tandayapa Bird Lodge (0,000069, -78,677751, 1740 m s.n.m.), provincia de Pichincha, depredando a una Coronita Colianteada Boissonneaua flavescens (Fig. 1). Este tucanete saltaba en las ramas alrededor de los bebederos para colibríes, y de manera rápida se lanzó y atrapó con el pico al colibrí en vuelo. Este luchó por liberarse, sin éxito. El tucanete se perchó en una rama cercana a c.1,5 m del suelo, donde compactó a su presa usando patas y pico, y la engulló entera. Todo el evento duró menos de un minuto.
Investigating Lexical Diversity of Children Narratives: A Case Study of L1 Speaking
Authors: Rahayu Famala Eka Sanhadi , Utomo Aries , Setyowati Ririn
Published: December 2020

Lexical diversity is one of the language tools to measure varied words or vocabulary produced by learners in a text both spoken and written. This research aims to investigate the lexical diversity of children narratives produced by children orally. The research design of this research was a case study supported by quantitative data. Meanwhile, the subjects of this research are seven children around 6-9 years old. In collecting data, the researchers employed narrative storytelling based on a picture which is drawn by the subjects. In analyzing data, TTR (Type-Token -Ratio) was used to measure the lexical diversity gained from the subject while the theory was used to explain the phenomena. Based on the findings, it is found that (1) older children have higher lexical diversity than the younger ones, (2) younger children produced higher lexical frequency (word tokens) than the older ones (3) individual variations caused an anomaly of the result in which older children were expected to have higher lexical frequency but the result showed the reverse. Keywords: Lexical Diversity, Children, Oral Narratives, Case Study.
İlâhî Sıfatlar Probleminin Ortaya Çıkışında Çok Kültürlü Ortamın Etkisi
Authors: CAN Seyithan
Published: December 2020

İslâm düşünce tarihinde de sıfatlar, üzerinde en çok tartışılan konuların başında yer almaktadır. Hatta bu konu, mezhepler arasında tekfire götüren boyutlarıyla ele alınmıştır. Ancak tarihsel sürece bakıldığında, İslâm âleminde tartışma konusu olan sıfatların sosyo-kültürel konjonktür gereği tevhidi düşünceyi savunma amacıyla ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Tevhidi savunma gayesi güden sıfat anlayışının, mezhepler tarafından sistematik bir hale getirilmesi, tarihsel süreçte ortaya çıkan sıfat telakkisinin tek genelgeçer anlayış olduğu algısını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Dolayısıyla tarihsel süreçte tenzih ve mutlaklık üzerinde şekillenen Allah tasavvuru, günümüz insanının tam anlamıyla içselleştirebildiği bir tasavvur olamamıştır. Bunun sebebi, tenzih ve mutlaklık üzerinde şekillenen savunmacı söylemin, farklı kültür ve medeniyetlerle etkileşimin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmasıdır. Bu çalışma, ilahi sıfatlar kapsamında tartışılan konuların, İslâm’ın hangi dinler veya inançlarla etkileşimi neticesinde ortaya çıktığını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Özellikle İslâm âleminde mezhebî ayrılıklara sebebiyet veren Allah’ın kelâmının yaratılmışlığı, tenzih ve ta’tîl anlayışları, Hıristiyanlıkla etkileşimin bir sonucudur. Antropomorfizm, teşbih, tecsim tartışmalarının Yahudilikle; her yönüyle mutlak Tanrı anlayışının ise düalist inançlarla etkileşimin bir neticesi olduğunu söyleyebiliriz.
Sensitivity of Point of Care Ultrasound in Blunt Trauma Abdomen and Thorax at a Tertiary Care Center in Northern Kerala
Authors: Maprani Jobin Jose , K.P Binoy Xavier , Nedungalaparambil Nisanth Menon , Paulson Sandra
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Road traffic accidents are the most common cause of thoracic and abdominal trauma. The role of point of care ultrasound especially in developing countries is gaining evidence in management of acutely ill. We wanted to test the reliability of Fast and E-Fast in blunt abdominal and thoracic trauma cases and evaluate their role in the management of RTAs. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted over a 12-month period among patients presenting at Emergency Medicine Department at Government Medical College, Kannur (then known as Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram). After clinical examination and recording details, fast and E-Fast was done in the emergency department by emergency physicians trained in ATLS using a standard curvilinear probe of 2 - 5 MHz using Sonosite M-Turbo portable ultrasound machine (Fujifilm Sonosite) and compared with the gold standard CT. The CT used was 16 slice Spiral CT scan machine by GE Healthcare (Chicago, Illinois, United States). Results on continuous measurements presented on mean + SD (min-max) and results on categorical measurements were presented in numbers (%). Sensitivity and specificity were computed for analysis. RESULTS The overall sensitivity of Fast is 72.8 % and the specificity is 92 %. The overall sensitivity and specificity of E-Fast are 87 % and 92.3 % respectively. The reliability of point of care ultrasound as a screening tool to triage patients with blunt abdominal and thoracic trauma is 100 %. CONCLUSIONS Fast and E-Fast are quite reliable as screening tools in the management of acutely ill blunt trauma abdomen and chest patients. KEYWORDS Point of Care, Ultrasound, Blunt Trauma, Sensitivity, Fast, E-Fast
A Study to Assess Caregiver Burden in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: M Ardhanaari , N Ashweeja , Jain Prashant , Priya Karthigai , N.R Nappinnai
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Autism is one of the most demanding types of disorders in terms of caregiver’s intervention. A significant amount of distress is always associated with a long term, pervasive intervention and attention given by the care giver. The above scenario leads to depression, adjustment disorder along with suicidal tendencies among the care givers leading to poor prognosis of the disease progress in children and emergence of stress related mental illness in the care givers. Pro-active assessment, diagnosis and management of the above among the care givers might be beneficial for both the child and the care giver along with other family members. METHODS This study was conducted in the special schools of Kancheepuram from December 2019 to February 2020. The cross-sectional study aimed to assess caregiver burden and the variations of burden with varying social and language development in parents of children with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder). A total of 60 parents whose children were diagnosed to have Autism Spectrum Disorders were assessed to scale the caregiver burden using Burden Assessment Schedule, and semi structured socio-demographic questionnaire. RESULTS Majority of the caregivers showed an impact on multiple areas of life. 59 % of the caregivers showed significant impact on wellbeing with 84 % feeling depressed and anxious. Lack of appreciation for care was seen in 85 % of the caregivers. Relationship with others was very much impacted in about 14 % of the caregivers. Perceived severity of illness was impacted in 53 % population. CONCLUSIONS Bringing up a child with an autism spectrum disorder is a significant chronic stressor sufficient to disrupt various areas of an adult life and also to cause mental illnesses. Early recognition and management of burden is of immense value in the wellbeing of the caregiver, more importantly in the prognosis of the child’s disorder. KEYWORDS Autism Spectrum Disorder, Caregiver Burden Assessment, Caregiver Burnout
Echocardiographic Profile of Children with Congenital Heart Disease Presenting as Bronchopneumonia in a Tertiary Center in Telangana
Authors: L Poorna Chandra Rao , Velampalli Shashikala , Kalyani Srinivas
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND CHD is characterized by structural and functional heart defects which affect the quality of life of the person and can lead to premature death if not controlled through appropriate interventions. Early detection, diagnosis, and timely intervention result in substantial morbidity and mortality declines. We wanted to evaluate the echocardiographic profile of the children with CHD admitted with bronchopneumonia aged 1 month to 5 years and assess the pattern, age and gender specific distribution of CHD. METHODS This is a descriptive study performed over a period of two years. It included 200 children of either sex, between 1 month and 5 yrs. of age. Known cases of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) (including Cyanotic and Acyanotic) who were diagnosed with bronchopneumonia and surgically corrected CHD diagnosed as Bronchopneumonia, were included in the study. RESULTS A total of 200 children with CHD were admitted with bronchopneumonia of whom 121 were males and 79 children were females. The mean age of presentation was 9.54 months. 85 % of the children presented below one year of age, with 50.58 % of children presenting below 6 months of age. 179 children were diagnosed to have ACHD, while 21 children had CCHD. The average duration of stay in the hospital was 7.81 days, the children with CCHD stayed longer than those with ACHD. Children less than 6 months of age stayed longer in the hospital compared to those from other age groups. Mortality was 7.82 % in ACHD category, while it was 19.05 % in CCHD category; 10.95 % of the children in ACHD presented with chamber dilatation in the age group of < 6 months. 11.27 % of children with ACHD presented with CCF, most of whom were less than 6 months old. 43 % of children with CCHD presented with CCF mostly in the age group of 6 months to one year. Most of the children less than 6 months of age presented with pulmonary hypertension both in the ACHD and CCHD groups. CONCLUSIONS Early diagnosis of CHD in the neonatal period can help reduce the morbidity associated with bronchopneumonia in infancy and help reduce the incidence of failure to thrive and recurrence of respiratory tract infections. KEYWORDS Bronchopneumonia, Congenital Heart Diseases, Congestive Cardiac Failure
Development of Taxation of Income of Individuals in the Russian Federation Based on Foreign Experience
Authors:   Stolypin Volga Region Institute of Administration Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Ryndina Alexandra O. , Zhverantseva Maria S. ,   Stolypin Volga Region Institute of Administration Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Totikova Tatiana E. ,   Stolypin Volga Region Institute of Administration Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The issue of reforming the taxation of personal income has not left the agenda in recent decades. The importance of solving this issue is determined by the high economic and social significance of personal income tax and its impact on the labor market and consumption. Theoretical analysis. The article analyzes the statistics of the Federal Tax Service on income tax on physical incomes in the budget system of the country, identifies and substantiates the problems of income taxation in the Russian Federation. Discussion of results. A study of the characteristics of income taxation in the United States, Norway and Sweden revealed the common features and differences in the principles of constructing a system of income taxation in the studied countries and the Russian Federation. The analysis made it possible to substantiate measures to improve the system of income taxation of the Russian Federation based on foreign experience and evaluate the expected effect of some measures.
Manifestation of Resistance in Constitutional Law (the Case Study of Decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Panteleev Pavel A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of conflicts between the interpretation of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights in the context of a particular problem and how the resistance of national legislation to acts of an international character is manifested. Theoretical analysis. The article deals with decisions concerning the promotion of information about homosexual preferences to minors, which, in the opinion of the Constitutional Court, may harm their development. The European Court considers that this restriction is a kind of violation of the rights and freedoms of sexual minorities. Also, a resolution was adopted, according to which the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation are priority in relation to acts of an international character. In this regard, the Constitutional Court in its response decision declared it impossible to implement the decision of the European Court of Human Rights to award compensation by the Russian Federation to the YUKOS company. Conclutions. The following conclusions are presented. Despite the opinion of the European Court of Human Rights, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in its decisions, seeks to achieve a compromise between the interests of the majority groups of the country’s population and private individual preferences, as well as a dialogue with the international court of justice on the principle of equal partnership. These components are the basis for the stability of our legislation and our values, since, on the one hand, it does not allow harmful acts of a normative nature to penetrate and take hold, and, on the other hand, it preserves the democratic essence of Russian law. To implement the above in real life, we recommend the following: 1) adhere to and seek a balance between different systems of values, 2) justify at the level of theory and introduce into legal practice the doctrine of the constitutional identity of the country, based on the interpretation of the basic values of the Russian Federation.
“Questionnaire of a Speech Genre” of T. V. Shmeleva: Past, Present, Future (for the 30th Anniversary of the Genre Model)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Dementyev Vadim Viktorovich
Published: December 2020

The article reflects the scientific fate of the main genre model – the “questionnaire of the speech genre” of T. V. Shmeleva. The author discusses the reasons for the high demand for the “questionnaire” in genre studies: the parameters of the “questionnaire” affect the most important aspects, the “pain points” of the genre; the formal simplicity and consistency of the “questionnaire”. Along with the advantages and achievements (the article gives their brief description), the author points to a few critical issues concerning the “questionnaire”: the lack of items of the “questionnaire” (the juxtaposition of primary and secondary speech genres, direct and indirect speech genres, speech and rhetorical genres, cultural characteristics of speech genres, etc. are not presented in it) and its crucial points which are not commonly recognized, i.e. the ranking points of the “questionnaire”. In relation to modern genre studies, the article deals with the items that either should be or can be, or have already been added to the “questionnaire”, as well as the theoretical justification of their relations, which, according to the author of the article, will allow to clarify some other items of the “questionnaire”. The emphasis is on those points that are less spelled out in the “canonical” “questionnaire”, but that should be used for a more adequate study of genres (especially new ones), and are already actually used. The discussion focuses on the following points: typological, including the stadial-typological and historical-etymological, features of speech genres; determination of the place of the genre in the structural-hierarchical typology; cultural, linguistic and linguocultural characteristics of speech genres; characteristics of the communicative concept, through which the genre is presented and interpreted, and its components; the ability of the genre to form its variants; corpus and quantitative characteristics of speech genre; online genres.
Anagram as an Enigmatic Genre
Authors:   Orel State Institute of Culture, Strukova Tatyana Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

This article studies structural-semantic and compositional aspects of the poetic anagram, which reflects the cognitive and linguistic picture of the world, as well as the national conceptual sphere. It is noted that the anagram genre originated in Russian poetry in the 1820s on the pages of the magazine “Blagonamerenny”. It published the first theoretical justification of such enigmatic genres as a riddle, a logogriff, a charade and a homonym. Its author was the famous statesman N. F. Ostolopov. It was he, as well as other poets, who actively collaborated with “Blagonamerenny”, who tested and introduced into the everyday life the genre varieties of the anagram: homonymanagram, charade-anagram, anagram-logogriff. They were not only a part of the poetic experiment, but also reflected the literary life of the era and had a polemical orientation. In order to decipher the coding part of these enigmatic texts, the addressee had to have a common with the addressee level of cognitive and linguistic thinking. At the same time, a distinctive feature of the anagram genre is its dialogical structure (subject-addressing system). Besides, the compelling (imperative) formulations are integral compositional elements, which serve as an appeal to the reader, where the author gives the necessary recommendations for the correct conversion of the encoded description. The author proposes first classifications of anagrams based on the ways of representing enigmatics (encrypted words) and on the methods of creating the coding part (interpretation field). There is a conclusion that the anagram is a culturally marked type of the text, characterized by stereotypical nature, associativity, precedence, semantic completeness, direct transformation of the encrypted meaning.
Ön Seleksiyonla Seçilen F1 Armut Melezlerinin Fenolojik ve Fiziko-Kimyasal Özellikleri
Authors: EVRENOSOĞLU Yasemin , MERTOĞLU Kerem
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, ateş yanıklığı hastalığına dayanıklı ve çeşit olarak tescil edilebilme potansiyeli bulunan bazı F1 armut genotiplerinin, fenolojik ve fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Fiziksel özelliklerden meyve eni 44,58-64,03 mm, meyve boyu 52,73-84,11 mm, şekil indeksi 1,04-1,50, meyve ağırlığı 57,27-166,10 g ve meyve eti sertliğinin 1,76-5,47 kg cm-2 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM), pH, titre edilebilir asit miktarı (TEA) ve C vitamini miktarı sırasıyla %10,23-17,37, 3,87 - 4,69, 0,15 - 0,56 g 100 ml-1 ve 1,67-3,17 mg 100 mL-1 aralıklarında değişim göstermiştir. Meyve iriliği bakımından 2-13-1 nolu genotipi ön plana çıkarken, fiziko-kimyasal özelliklerde ise 1-12-3 nolu genotipinden daha iyi sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Önemli bir kriter olan üst kabuk renginde ise 2-15-75 nolu genotipi umut verici bulunmuştur. Melez genotipler, tescil ettirilerek, ülke tarımına üretim materyali olarak katkı sağlayabileceği gibi, genetik materyal olarak da değer taşımaktadır.