bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Excision of Error
Authors: Trombley Justine L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Laud Latin 46. This manuscript once contained a complete Latin translation of Marguerite Porete's The Mirror of Simple Souls but now holds only a few fragments, as the rest of the work was cut out of and/or unbound from the codex. In addition to providing new codicological information on the manuscript, the chapter shows the process of and reasons behind the Mirror's removal. It demonstrates how its textual company points toward an attitude of suspicion toward the codex as a whole and argues that it potentially has connections to both southern Germany and northern Italy. The social and intellectual connections between northern Italy and southern Germany—in the form of Italian-educated German scholars, monks, and ecclesiastical officials returning north—meant that knowledge of the Mirror as a dangerous or heretical book, which was prevalent especially in the environs of the University of Padua, could easily have traveled north and had an impact on the Mirror within this manuscript.
“Against the Foundation of the Faith”
Authors: Trombley Justine L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter evaluates Vatican City, BAV, MS Vat. lat. 4953. This document contains a theological refutation of several extracts taken from the Marguerite Porete's The Mirror of Simple Souls, compiled as a list of errors. The chapter begins by discussing how the text in MS Vat. lat. 4953 might fit into that broader landscape of hostility. It argues for the potential origins of this list in an inquisition against the Mirror conducted in Venice in 1437 and that it also likely had connections to debates between the Greek and Latin churches at the Council of Florence in 1439. The chapter then examines the contents of the list itself, detailing the arguments and sources that were used to denounce the Mirror's doctrine.
The People’s Story
Authors: Wilber Tom
Published: September 2023

This chapter argues that when Gertie overshot the Syracuse airport, she would have ventured over a region not only remote, but topographically manifold. The chapter investigates how far did Gertie stray, and in which of these places, if any, did she end up? With no flight plan, no radio contact or any other means to track the plane, the chapter underlines that the only clues are from leads—some vague and some vivid—from people who heard her or are said to have heard her circling. The chapter chronicles that the population density throughout the northern reaches of upstate New York was low, clustered mostly in villages, towns, small cities, and military bases tucked among expanses of water and mountains, fields and woodland. It examines the report which came from one Robert Hall of Morrison Road in the hamlet of North Gouverneur, nearly one hundred miles north of where Ponder was reportedly trying to land in Syracuse. The chapter analyzes some reports at the Coast Guard station on Galloo Island, a residence at nearby Henderson Harbor, and a dispatcher for the New York Central Railroad in the town of Philadelphia, northeast of Watertown, who heard an aircraft between 2 and 3 a.m. The chapter pays attention to the report of a low-flying aircraft in the town of Scriba, thirty miles north of Syracuse and just east of Oswego.
Daimler Truck North America
Authors: Silvia Stephen J.
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyzes the United Auto Workers' (UAW) organizing efforts at Daimler Truck North America (DTNA) facilities in North and South Carolina, which unfolded in two episodes. The first is the drive in the late 1980s and early 1990s to organize Freightliner's Mount Holly factory. The second episode involves the campaigns to unionize several DTNA facilities in North and South Carolina in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Cooperation between US and German employee representatives and a confidential deal between the UAW and DTNA management played crucial roles in securing organizing success. The chapter also assesses the importance of several other elements that contributed to the successful unionization efforts, including employee mobilization, volatile business cycles, local management missteps, minimal political intervention, and a low volume of subsidies.
Nissan North America
Authors: Silvia Stephen J.
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the organizing attempts at Nissan plants: two in Smyrna, Tennessee, in 1989 and 2001, and one in Canton, Mississippi, in 2017. There was also an organizing attempt at the Smyrna plant in 1997 that was substantial enough to count as a case but did not culminate with an election. The United Auto Workers' (UAW) approach to organizing changed with successive cases. Union officials learned from previous mistakes and integrated new tactics and technologies. Nissan managers also innovated. They pioneered a number of measures that subsequently became standard tactics in the union-avoidance playbook, including taking a team approach that minimized distinctions between management and line employees, cross-training employees to do multiple jobs, paying wages that were slightly lower than union contracts but markedly higher than the area rate, offering a wider range of benefits to line employees, avoiding layoffs whenever possible, using in-plant monitors to broadcast pro-management and anti-union messages, hiring a law firm that specializes in union avoidance, and cultivating close community relations. These measures proved effective in keeping the share of employees willing to vote for union representation well below a majority.
Introduction
Authors: Larkins Erika Robb
Published: September 2023

This chapter draws upon fieldwork with low-level guards working in a variety of hard and soft security settings, examining how guard bodies and behaviors contribute to the sensation and to the logics that underpin its production. It explores the performative, emotionally laden provision of security in Rio de Janeiro from the perspective of those charged with providing it. The chapter also examines how a sensação de segurança (a sensation of security) is cultivated through resonant performances by security laborers across scales and how it takes both spectacular and mundane forms. As a subjective feeling, the chapter defines the sensation of security as a set of culturally shaped impressions related to danger, safety, order, well-being, and cleanliness. It then turns to the mid-range managers, who work to elicit and coordinate performances that produce the sensação de segurança in elite spaces like shopping malls and stadiums. The chapter employs research with elite actors—the choreographers of security—during Rio's 2016 Olympics to analyze how a specifically Brazilian sensation of security functions when put into practice in the context of a global mega event and how it intersects with global repertoires of planning and preparedness.
Emotional Labor in the Security Command Center
Authors: Larkins Erika Robb
Published: September 2023

This chapter investigates the logic of “security preparedness” and shows how preparedness worked to foster the creation of the sensation of security for mega-event fans, television audiences, employees from other areas beyond security, corporate sponsors, and other members of the “Olympic family.” The chapter employs participant observation with high-level security laborers leading up to and during the Olympics to examine the workings of preparedness logics and their relationship to cultivating the sensation of security. It then tracks the elaboration of preparedness, as a way of performing the sensation of security, through exploration of two overlapping realms. One focused on simulations, practice sessions where the team could rehearse responses to potential security incidents while also performing the capability necessary to build feelings of confidence for observers. The other involved an incident-reporting system called CrimeBase. The chapter emphasizes that both of these modalities worked to control emotional responses while performing capability for outsiders, offering insight into the emotional labor at work in creating the sensation of security.
Self-Determination in a World of Uncertainty
Authors: Slotta James
Published: September 2023

This chapter turns to one of the main factors that make listening both essential to anarchic politics in the Yopno Valley and yet a difficult art to perfect. Unlike the “ontologically secure” subjects that so often feature in ethnographies—subjects with seemingly well-established beliefs and ontologies—people in the Yopno Valley are prone to doubt and uncertainty. The chapter stresses that reality is regarded as deeply enigmatic, and humans are liable to misunderstand the nature of the world around them. Where ignorance and confusion can lead people to act against their own will and desires, one of the most serious threats to their self-determination is, in essence, their own selves. The chapter explores how the sense of uncertainty cultivated in daily life provides a motive for a particular practice of anarchic listening, one in which listeners seek out better, more accurate understandings of the world. By “holding onto” the insights and advice of others, the chapter argues that people work to become more self-determining actors.
Japan’S Nuclear Disaster And Regulatory Politics
Authors: Koppenborg Florentine
Published: September 2023

This chapter aims to explain the puzzling existence of an independent nuclear safety regulator in Japan, which did not backslide on the more stringent safety measures introduced, even after it became clear that those measures were going to force numerous reactors into decommissioning. The chapter reconstructs the evolution of Japan's nuclear safety governance and nuclear politics since the early postwar period, which encompasses half a century of path dependence as well as fundamental changes following 3.11. As the chapter emphasizes, Japan's powerful nuclear iron triangle fostered a captured safety governance system that largely kept critics and the public out of nuclear politics for more than half a century. The 3.11 events, however, brought the legitimacy of this system into question and brought critics of “regulatory capture” to the forefront. The chapter also looks at the process of reforming safety governance institutions after 3.11. It analyzes the safety governance reforms and the ways in which safety governance institutions affect politics and vice versa. Finally, the chapter highlights how the design of safety institutions can become a political game changer by redefining the relationship between state, industry, and public. It sheds light on the role of knowledge, both as technical expertise and as public knowledge of decisions made, showing how “knowledge is power.”
Trophic assessment of three sympatric batoid species in the Southern Gulf of California
Authors: Enríquez-García Arturo Bell , Cruz-Escalona Víctor Hugo , Carriquiry José D. , Ehemann Nicolás R. , Mejía-Falla Paola A. , Marín-Enríquez Emigdio , Treinen-Crespo Christina , Vélez-Tacuri José R. , Navia Andrés F.
Published: September 2023

The competitive exclusion principle establishes that the coexistence of closely related species requires a certain degree of resource partitioning. However, populations have individuals with different morphological or behavioral traits (e.g., maturity stages, sexes, temporal or spatial segregation). This interaction often results in a multi-level differentiation in food preferences and habits. We explored such resource partitioning between and within three batoid species: Hypanus dipterurus, Narcine entemedor, and Rhinoptera steindachneri in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico, using a combination of stomach content (excluding R. steindachneri) and stable isotope analyses. We found a clear differentiation between H. dipterurus and N. entemedor, where the latter exhibited more benthic habitats, supported by a greater association to infaunal prey and higher δ13C values. Though the degree and patterns of intra-specific segregation varied among species, there was a notable differentiation in both sex and stage of maturity, corresponding to changes in specialization (i.e., isotopic niche breadth) or trophic spectrum (varying prey importance and isotopic values per group). This work is a promising step towards understanding the dietary niche dynamics of these species in a potentially important feeding area within the southern Gulf of California, as well as the biological and ecological mechanisms that facilitate their coexistence.
Region of origin of product and regional appeal of celebrity in food purchase
Authors: Cavalcanti Jonas Alves , Da Costa Marconi Freitas , Martins Jônatas Ariel Simões , De Oliveira Aline Poliana Costa Torres , Mendonça Frank Junio
Published: September 2023

Objective: Many studies show factors that have a positive impact on the intention to buy food, including the presence of stamps and certified and the endorsement of celebrities, both in isolation and combined with other factors. When it comes to studies that analyze the effects that both factors can have on the purchasing and consumer confidence, the number of studies in the national and international literature becomes incipient. This research aimed to identify the effects of the product origin region (POR) and the Regional Celebrity Appeal (RCP) on the confidence and intention to purchase food. Design/methodology/approach: A descriptive and inferential quantitative approach was used, using experimental research as a research strategy. Findings: From the theoretical point of view, even pointing out that the presence of stamps and certificates and endorsement of celebrity exert direct influence on trust and purchase intention, the research shows that there is no interaction between these constructs when it comes to commodities, indicating that other elections should be considered. Originality/value: The results found show that even if the presence of identification of the region of origin of the product or the endorsement of celebrity congruent with the region generate an identification in the consumer towards the product, this junction is not sufficient when analyzing the intention to purchase food products in the category of commodities. Thus, the empirical look suggests that, when analyzing the confidence and intention to purchase other products, such as artisanal food products, which naturally carry a greater relationship with the region where they are produced, these results may be different, more prone to established relationships, generating greater statistical significance.
A atuação dos núcleos de inovação tecnológica nas universidades: o caso brasileiro
Authors: Pires Edilson Araújo , Da Silva Karoline Greice Viana Cardoso
Published: September 2023

No Brasil, as universidades passaram a instituir uma política de inovação, mais particularmente a partir da promulgação da lei 10.973/2004, que determinou criação dessa política em todas as Instituições de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação ICT. Para apoiar a gestão da política de inovação nas ICT, essa lei estabeleceu a obrigatoriedade dessas instituições criarem Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica (NITs) ou Escritórios de Transferência de Tecnologia. Como consequência, o número de NITs tem crescido exponencialmente, saltando de 10 NITs em 2004 para 254, em 2016. A maioria dos NITs encontra diversas barreiras para executar sua função principal de intermediar a relação universidade-empresa e a transferência do conhecimento acadêmico para o segmento empresarial, os resultados dessa pesquisa apontam que um número significativo de ICT não possui política de inovação implementada e mesmo aquelas que declararam já tê-la implementado, não evoluíram na regulamentação e criação de uma cultura de estímulo ao empreendedorismo, a criação e gestão de empresas de base tecnológica, necessários para facilitar a transferência de conhecimento.
Business bankruptcy prediction: the multisectorial models’ efficiency in the Old Blue Economy Iberian companies’
Authors: Moreira Cândido Jorge Carvalho Peres , Antão Mário Alexandre Guerreiro , Geraldes João Manuel Afonso , Terrinca Catarina Carvalho Peres
Published: September 2023

In the risk evaluation by the stakeholders it’s crucial to understand the causes of bankruptcy or breach in corporate sustainability, as well as more efficient ways of predicting it. These techniques, mainly supported by financial analysis, over time, have given rise to a diversity of approaches in particular to the Multivariate Discriminant Analysis. We selected, 54 iberian companies from that sector, divided them in two samples, one of the bankrupt companies and another of the healthy ones, matched by size and business' volume. Were applied 21 multisectoral models from a diversity of countries abd time horizons, with greater presence in the literature. As conclusions, continuing Peres and Antão (2019) the work, were identified the best bankruptcy or sustainability predictors, to the Old Blue Economy Iberian industries’, up to 5 years in advance.
Computer-Assisted Learning versus Conventional Methods for Pathology Tutorials: A Longitudinal Interventional Study
Authors: Khan Kalyan , Pal Rupsha Dutta , Bhattacharjee Subrata , Chakrabarty Rajasree , Saha Sabita
Published: September 2023

Introduction: One of the important objectives of undergraduate pathology teaching is to enable the student to correlate the normal and altered morphology of different organ systems in common diseases. The conventional chalk and board method of tutorials for imparting this training is not free of disadvantages. ComputerAssisted Learning (CAL) is the trend of the day worldwide. Aim: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of CAL with the conventional method for pathology tutorials, with special emphasis on the retention of knowledge in students. Materials and Methods: The present study was a longitudinal interventional study involving 110 students of the second Professional MBBS batch of the Department of Pathology at North Bengal Medical College, Darjeeling, a rural area Medical College, for a period of six months from December 2017 to June 2018. The students were divided into an intervention group taught by the CAL method and a control group taught by the chalk and board method. On the day of teaching and one month after that, assessment was done by histopathology slide spotting. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and a pre-tested and validated questionnaire completion were also undertaken. Paired t-test was used for comparison in both groups. Results: Those instructed by the CAL Method scored significantly higher than the control group students in both Spotting-1 and Spotting-2. In Spotting-1, the average score of group A (interventional group) and group B (control group) students was 71.11±27.67 (SD) and 38.89±24.75, respectively (p-value 0.01). In Spotting-2, the average score of group A and group B students was 67.78±28.52 (SD) and 29.44±28.85 (SD), respectively (p-value-0.01). Conclusion: The present study concluded that the CAL method is acceptable to both students and facilitators. It resulted in a significantly improved performance of students in the diagnosis of histopathology slides assessed immediately after teaching and one month after teaching. Hence, CAL also assists in the retention and recall of information.
Exploitation of Allelic Variation and Superior Haplotypes for OsMIT3 Regulating Tiller Number in Rice
Authors: Topno Alisha , Williams M.  , Sakthi A. R.  , Bharathi A.  , Ranjani R. Veera , Suresh R.  , Sudha M.  , Boopathi N. Manikanda , Raveendran M.
Published: September 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for more than 60 % of the population globally and it is consumed in various forms. Increased crop yield under variable climatic circumstances is necessary in light of the world population's rapid growth, yield plateaus, resource depletion, and climate change. In order to overcome these obstacles, novel genes and alleles in the rice gene pool must be found, and unique features like C4 photosynthesis must be modified. The negative effects of climate change, stagnated yields, and diminishing agricultural resources are major obstacles. Tillering is one of the important traits to be considered for increased rice crop production and productivity. The target gene OsMIT3 phenotypically shows higher tillering and is caused by strigolactone deficiency that directly linked to carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, signaling strigolactone genes towards rice tillering. In this study, 100 diverse accessions from Rice 3K-RG panel were selected and analyzed, which shows three significant SNPs and grouped into four haplotypes group with allelic combinations of TAT(H1), ACA(H2), TAA(H3) and ACT(H4). Among the four haplo-group, H3 shows higher mean value for both total number of tillers and productive tillers, which can be further considered as a source of breeding strategy for crop yield.
NEW INSIGHTS ON USING SCALED MARSH PLANT SURROGATES FOR WAVE ATTENUATION
Authors: Markov Acacia , Muller Margo , Baker Scott , Nistor Ioan , Murphy Enda , Stolle Jacob , Cornett Andrew
Published: September 2023

It has been widely demonstrated in literature that coastal marshes provide positive ecosystem services related to coastal protection, including wave attenuation, storm surge reduction, and erosion prevention (Moller et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2021; Paul and Kerpen, 2021). Physical modelling presents a useful tool for investigating the coastal protection function provided by marsh vegetation in a controlled, repeatable environment, to inform design of nature-based coastal protection strategies, or “nature-based solutions” (NBS). To date, physical modelling studies have been used to investigate the influence of plant biophysical parameters (stem width, stem height, stem flexibility) and hydrodynamic conditions on wave attenuation (e.g., Augustin et al., 2009; Anderson and Smith, 2014; Moller et al., 2014; Ozeren et al., 2014; van Veelen et al., 2020). Such studies have predominantly used surrogate vegetation due to the logistical challenges and facility requirements associated with live plant experiments. Furthermore, most studies have been performed at or near full-scale to reduce uncertainties and scale effects associated with downscaling vegetation, particularly where Reynolds number similarity cannot be preserved (Blackmar et al., 2014). To address existing knowledge gaps related to physical modelling of marsh vegetation at small-scale, experiments were conducted in a 63 m long by 1.22 m wide wave flume at the National Research Council of Canada’s Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering Research Centre, Ottawa, in collaboration with the University of Ottawa and the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Quebec City.
CHARACTERISATION OF INFRAGRAVITY WAVES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED HYDRODYNAMICS PROCESSES IN MESO-MACRO TIDAL LAGOON
Authors: Bayle Paul , Lerma Alexandre Nicolae , Bertin Xavier , Sénéchal Nadia , Ganthy Florian
Published: September 2023

Infragravity (hereafter ‘IG’) waves are ocean waves related to the presence of groups in incident shortwaves. The importance of IG waves in the nearshore and their role in beach morphodynamics have been widely documented over the last few decades (Bertin et al., 2018) while in contrast, studies on characterisation of IG waves and related impacts in tidal inlets are scarce and have only recently begun to be addressed (Williams and Stacey, 2016). Nonetheless, existing studies tend to show that IG waves in tidal inlets can play an important role in the short and long-term hydro-morphodynamics of coastal lagoons. The current study presents the first large scale field measurements and analysis of IG waves propagation and characteristics in a meso-macro tidal lagoon/inlet.
SUB-NAPPE AIR CAVITY PRESSURE DURING OVERFLOW OF A VERTICAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Kim Taeksang , Malherbe Julien , Shimpalee Sirawit , Bricker Jeremy
Published: September 2023

Megathrust earthquakes cause tsunamis that can destroy coastal structures and damage buildings, resulting in injuries and deaths. To prevent these consequences and reduce the risk of failure of coastal structures, it is essential to understand the exact mechanism of structure failure. Sub-nappe air cavity pressure during overflow of a vertical structure, which is the main topic of this research, can increase the risk of failure of structure, but had not yet been quantified. In this research, hydraulic experiments were conducted to reveal the relation among the air cavity pressure, overtopping flowrate, and tailwater depth for aerated and non-aerated overflow cases. For the aerated case, we found that air cavity pressure is almost equal to the atmospheric pressure regardless of flowrate and downstream weir height. On the other hand, for the non-aerated case or a partially-aerated case, air cavity pressure is inversely proportional to overtopping flowrate. The relation between air cavity pressure and tailwater depth could be interpreted in different ways based on the flow condition downstream.
ARTIFICIAL SAND BYPASS SYSTEMS: FIXED, MOBILE, AND MIXED SYSTEMS
Authors: Carvalho Ricardo , Pound Malcolm , Afonso Cristina , Coelho Carlos , Silva Paulo A. , Oliveira Tiago , Lima Márcia , Cardoso André , Pinto Celso
Published: September 2023

This paper describes a feasibility study of large scale, sand bypassing solutions at Aveiro and Figueira da Foz tidal inlets, undertaken for the Portuguese Environment Agency (APA). Aveiro and Figueira da Foz are existing river ports where breakwaters constructed to maintain navigable entrances have resulted in excess updrift accretion and severe downdrift erosion. These entrances require ongoing dredging and cause dangerous navigation conditions, especially for smaller vessels. The study showed that large-scale sand bypassing systems can restore the stability of shorelines on high-energy coastlines, based on the success of fixed sand bypassing systems, such as in East Australia.
EFFECTS OF CONSTITUENT MATERIAL PROPERTIES ON EROSION OF FLAT BED AND RECESSION OF BLUFF
Authors: Farhadzadeh Ali
Published: September 2023

Seashores and river bottoms are constantly eroded by the flow processes. Grains of various types, including gravel, sand, silt, and clay, mixed at different ratios, and demonstrating varying characteristics, are the constituent materials of these eroding land features. The present study quantifies the importance of the geomechanical properties of soils, with a large fraction of granular material and a smaller portion of fine grain particles, on the incipient motion of the sediment under steady-state flow. Further, it highlights the implications of the soil properties on the erosion and recession of steep beach and bluff systems.
CONTRIBUTION OF INFRAGRAVITY WAVES TO STORM WATER LEVEL ALONG A LARGE INLET: IMPLICATIONS FOR FLOODING AND OVERTOPPING HAZARDS
Authors: Lerma Alexandre Nicolae , Valentini Nico , Bayle Paul , Ganthy Florian , Bertin Xavier
Published: September 2023

Tidal inlets are transitional area between the ocean and an estuary or a lagoon. They are characterised by very complex hydro-morphodynamics processes, resulting from the interaction between tidal currents and waves with large and rapid water level changes. The coastline around the inner part of the inlet and more generally the entire lagoon often host important economic and touristic activities. In these environments, the studies of hazards associated with energetic events are mainly based on modelling approaches. However, the phase-averaged numerical models typically used for large-scale coastal applications exclude infragravity waves (long waves ranging from several tens of seconds to several minutes, noted hereinafter IG) and phase-resolving model are too computationally expensive for such large domains. Therefore, the propagation of waves from the open sea to the lagoon and in particular the characterisation of IG waves are still poorly understood (Bertin et al., 2018). To study the amplitude and spatial variability of IG waves in the Arcachon lagoon during storms, the Xbeach model (Roelvink et al., 2009) was implemented in surfbeat mode (SB mode).
Novo ensino médio: feito à imagem e semelhança para a acumulação flexível do capital
Authors: Mazetto Flavio Eduardo
Published: September 2023

O presente trabalho versa sobre a Reforma do Ensino Médio na sua formatação curricular, investigando o material didático elaborado pela Secretaria de Educação de São Paulo (MAPPAs). Demonstraremos que o Novo Ensino Médio é uma forma encontrada, pelas frações burguesas adeptas da flexibilização, para capturar a subjetividade do aluno e conformá-la na ótica do neoliberalismo, propugnando como solução para a crise social a adaptabilidade do ser social. Trata-se de um “engajamento de manipulação” que se consolida com a reforma, mas que vem sendo inserido na educação brasileira desde a implantação da pedagogia das competências. Desta forma, não basta a revogação da Reforma, mas um processo contínuo de luta para superar a submissão da educação à lógica de acumulação do capital.
Validation of the Acne Core Outcomes Research Network Patient Global Assessment for Acne
Authors: Griffiths Delaney , Shields Ali , Choe James , Tan Jerry , Layton Alison Margaret , Thiboutot Diane , Barbieri John S.
Published: January 2025

This survey study evaluates the measurement properties for acne severity of the Acne Core Outcome Research Network (ACORN) patient global assessment.
Liquid Metal@Silk Fibroin Peptide Particles Initiated Hydrogels with High Toughness, Adhesion, and Conductivity for Portable and Continuous Electrophysiological Monitoring
Authors: Yan Xueling , Liu Zelin , Fu Yubing , Chen Xinyu , Gan Siyu , Yang Wenwei , Chen Song , Liu Lan
Published: January 2025

Hydrogel‐based electrodes are widely used in electrophysiological monitoring for personal disease prevention and home‐based healthcare. However, limited by the hydrogels’ low toughness, poor adhesion, and weak electrical stability, motion artifacts and device detachments are inevitable after long‐term, continuous electrophysiological monitoring. Herein, novel liquid metal@silk fibroin peptide (LM@SF) core‐shell particles, in which the shell SF not only facilitates the core LM's dispersion but also stabilizes the free radicals, are designed to initiate the in situ formation of hydrogel while simultaneously enhancing its toughness, adhesion, and conductivity. As applied in electrophysiological monitoring, the hydrogel can maintain both a stable physical interface and electrical transmission to the skin, thus promoting the signal acquisition quality obviously even during exercise and long‐term wearing. At last, a portable flexible monitoring patch with small volume (70 × 35 × 2 mm) and light weight (7 g) is developed to achieve continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring via wireless transmission, demonstrating its high potentials in telemedicine.
Strain Engineering of Ru–Co2Ni Nanoalloy Encapsulated with Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Anion and Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Majumdar Abhisek , Tran Khoa Dang , Prabhakaran Sampath , Kim Do Hwan , Tran Duy Thanh , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: January 2025

Alloying atomically dispersed noble metals with earth‐abundant transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) presents a promising approach to enhance the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis. However, the challenge remains of reducing the size of the NPs without sacrificing high activity and durability. In this study, Ru–Co2Ni nanoalloy particles (NAPs) encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) are introduced, forming a core‐shell electrocatalyst (Ru–Co2Ni@NCNT). This design leverages Ru site optimization, CNT density control, strain engineering, efficient water dissociation, and outstanding bubble release dynamics within the core‐shell structure. These factors significantly improve catalytic performance with low overpotentials of 35 and 57 mV overpotential in 1.0 m KOH and 0.5 m H2SO4 solutions, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that while Ru sites serve as active sites, they also modify the electronic structure of Co and Ni, optimizing their hydrogen adsorption energies and improving HER efficiency. The Ru–Co2Ni@NCNT catalyst is successfully integrated into both anion exchange membrane (AEM) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, demonstrating stable operation at 0.5 A cm−2 for 500 h, underscoring its potential for efficient and durable hydrogen production.
Superlattices in Ru Metallene Nanobelts for Robust Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Deng Kai , Yu Jiabao , Mao Qiqi , Yang Ruidong , Yu Hongjie , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Jianguo , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: January 2025

2D materials, especially 2D superlattices with tailored geometries, represent an emerging class of promising electrocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion. However, the development of 2D superlattices has been largely confined to self‐assembled layered structures, and it remains a great challenge to rationally design the distances between neighboring metal sites at the atomic level to match the adsorption configurations of key species in the target reaction pathways. In this work, a general strategy is reported for synthesizing Ru metallene nanobelts (Ru‐ene) in‐plane superlattices using molten salts as space‐confined growth templates. The fabricated Ru‐ene superlattices consist of Ru atom pairs separated by atomic‐level distance periodicity of 0.32 nm and a high density of active sites. Both experiments and DFT calculations show that the Ru‐ene superlattices structure enhances the adsorption of H2O and accelerates the desorption of H*. The Ru‐ene superlattices exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with a small overpotential (η10 = 50 mV), a low Tafel slope (42.38 mV dec−1), as well as good long‐term stability. This work not only provides a new method for constructing in‐plane superlattices materials, but also establishes an intrinsic mechanistic correlation between the atomic distance, ΔGH* of H‐adsorption, and the HER performance.
From Na to K‐Based Prussian Blue: A Path Toward Cathode Materials for Extreme Environment
Authors: Xu Zheng , Liu Shuangyu , Xie Jian , Zhou Aijun , Jiang Jicheng , Li Yinda , Lu Yunhao , Nie Yang , Xu Xiongwen , Tu Jian , Xu Bo , Zhang Peng , Zhao Xinbing
Published: January 2025

Prussian blue (PB) is regarded as a promising host for Na or K storage because of its sustainable precursor elements (e.g., Mn, Fe) and open framework structure. However, unstable structure, high crystal H2O content, and risky HCN generation restrain its practical applications. In this work, after systematical investigation of structural evolution from Na‐based to K‐based PB and its relationship with electrochemical properties, it is clarified that low crystal water content, high K content, and trace Na doping are essential for a robust structure and stable cycling of PB. It is found that a trace Na‐doped K‐based PB exhibits comprehensive properties of low crystal water content (3.2 wt%), high thermal stability (over 340 °C), and superior cycling stability (84.3% after 6300 cycles at 5 C). Besides, the PB can also present stable cycling under harsh conditions, such as with intermittent‐overcharge/overdischarge steps (4.8 V/1.2 V, 93.3% after 2100 cycles at 5 C), in a wide voltage range (93.2% after 1000 cycles at 1.5‒4.5 V/5 C), under a high rate (83.7% after 4350 cycles at 10 C), and at a high temperature (92.0% after 1650 cycles at 45 °C/1 C). The superior electrochemical properties are attributed to its structural robustness even under harsh conditions.
P5+‐ Enhanced Novel Samarium Niobate Ultralow‐Loss Microwave Ceramics as Dielectric Resonator for X‐Band Antenna Applications
Authors: Wu Fang‐Fang , Sun Ruixin , Du Chao , Xu Diming , Jin Biao‐Bing , Li Chun , Jantunen Heli , Zhou Di
Published: January 2025

High efficiency, high frequency, high selectivity characteristics and low latency of dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) for high frequency are challenges which must be addressed simultaneously in 5G communication. To overcome these difficulties, new Sm(Nb1−xPx)O4 (SNP@x, 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) ceramics are prepared and demonstrated that P5+ effectively enhances microwave dielectric properties. Reduction of permittivity (ɛr) was co‐dominated by the ionic polarizability of P5+ and the secondary phase SmPO4 with low ɛr. Quality factor (Q × f) was governed by two factors. Firstly, the secondary phase curbs micro‐crack generation and propagation, thwarts electron migrationand diminishes leakage conduction loss. Secondly, the increased binding energy of P 2p enhances the electron binding by the nucleus, reduces the mechanism. High frequency selectivity (Q × f = 93,900 GHz) was obtained in Sm(Nb0.7P0.3)O4 (SNP@0.3) ceramic. Additionally, a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) operating in the X‐band was designed and fabricated using ultra‐low SNP@0.3 ceramic and a Rogers substrate, achieved a high gain (4.8 – 6.0 dBi) and efficiency (>90%) in the bandwidth region (10.903 – 11.482 GHz), improving the transmission and communication quality in communication system. This work expedites the evolution of dielectric ceramic and dielectric resonator antennas in high‐frequency communications.
Hydrogen Spillover Enabled by Edge Dislocations for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Han Chunyan , Cheng Chuanqi , Lv Wenxuan , Xiao Liyang , Zhang Jingqian , Zhao Yao , Ma Zi‐ang , Liu Zhanwei , Wang Jingjing , Yun Qinbai , Zhang Rui , Dong Cunku , Liu Hui , Yin Peng‐Fei , Du Xi‐Wen , Yang Jing
Published: January 2025

Designing an efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst requires enhanced hydrogen adsorption to facilitate water dissociation while noting that this would be detrimental to H2 desorption. Although hydrogen spillover‐assisted HER has been emerging as a promising strategy due to separated active sites for water dissociation and hydrogen formation enabled by heterogeneous catalysts, interfacial charge accumulation, and strong interfacial proton adsorption would hinder proton transfer due to a high energy barrier. Herein, a novel strategy to realize hydrogen spillover‐assisted HER enabled by edge dislocations of Mo2C catalyst is presented. The coupled tensile‐compressive strain regions induced by edge dislocations serve as nano‐reactors for HER. The Volmer process is greatly enhanced by strong water adsorption and efficient *H2O dissociation in the tensile regions, meantime the generated *H rapidly transfers to the compressive regions for easy hydrogen molecule release. As a result, the edge dislocation‐rich catalyst achieves a low overpotential of only 61 and 179 mV at 10 and 300 mA cm−2, showcasing a new way to apply hydrogen spillover in single‐phase catalysts and offering potential for developing cost‐effective and efficient HER catalysts.
A Special Issue Dedicated to the 25th Anniversary of Centre of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), the City University of Hong Kong (CityUHK)
Authors: Zhang Qichun , Hong Guo , Zhang Wenjun , Lee Chun Sing
Published: January 2025

This special issue celebrates the 25th Anniversary of the Centre of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) at the City University of Hong Kong (CityUHK), coinciding with the 30th anniversary of CityUHK. It showcases the research contributions of both current staff and former members of COSDAF. Established in 1998 by Prof. Shuit‐Tong Lee, COSDAF serves as a university‐level research center, bringing together academic experts from various disciplines focused on semiconductor nanomaterials, nano‐organic light‐emitting displays, diamond technologies, and advanced nano‐coatings. Since its inception, COSDAF has trained over 450 PhD students and postdoc fellows, many of them now serve as faculty members and leading researchers in various universities, research institutes, and industries worldwide. Additionally, COSDAF has cultivated strong collaboration with high‐tech local industries, providing training and resources for research staff and students. This has established an important platform that bridges the gap between academia and industry.
Delivery of Islatravir via High Drug‐Load, Long‐acting Microarray Patches for the Prevention or Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Anjani Qonita Kurnia , Johnson Ashley R. , Sabri Akmal H. , Lutz Ryan , Tignor Steven , Ballard Jeanine , Rudd Nathan , Zhao Li , Vora Lalitkumar K. , Barrett Stephanie E. , Wagner Angela , Donnelly Ryan F.
Published: January 2025

This research focuses on developing and characterizing islatravir‐loaded dissolving microarray patches (MAPs) to provide an effective, minimally invasive treatment option for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) prevention and treatment. The research involves manufacturing these MAPs using a double‐casting approach, and conducting in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Results show that the MAPs have excellent needle fidelity, structural integrity, and mechanical strength. in vitro studies demonstrate that the MAPs can penetrate skin up to 580 µm and dissolve within 2 hours. Permeation studies reveal that the delivery efficiency of islatravir across the skin is around 40%. In rodent models, these dissolving MAPs sustain islatravir delivery for up to 3 months. Scaling up the MAPs and increasing drug loading produced detectable levels in minipig. Projections from animal data suggest that these dissolving MAPs can achieve effective islatravir levels for a month after a single application in humans. These findings indicate dissolving MAPs as a minimally invasive approach to sustained release of islatravir.
A Spiro‐Based NIR‐II Photosensitizer with Efficient ROS Generation and Thermal Conversion Performances for Imaging‐Guided Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Jin Yu‐Kun , Xu Kang , Ren Bao‐Yi , Shao Jinjun , Ou Chang‐Jin , Xie Ling‐Hai
Published: January 2025

Organic photosensitizers (PSs) possessing NIR‐II emission and photodynamic/photothermal effect have received a great sense of attention for their cutting‐edge applications in imaging‐guided multimodal phototherapy. However, it is highly challenging to design efficient PSs with high luminescence and phototherapy performance simultaneously. In this study, a spiro‐functionalization strategy is proposed to alleviate aggregate‐caused quenching of PSs and promote photodynamic therapy, and the strategy is verified via a spiro[fluorine‐9,9ʹ‐xanthene]‐modified NIR‐II PS (named SFX‐IC) with an acceptor–donor–acceptor configuration. SFX‐IC‐based nanoparticles (NPs) display a high molar extinction coefficient of 7.05 × 104 m‒1 cm−1 at 645 nm due to strong intramolecular charge‐transfer characteristics. As expected, the as‐prepared NPs show strong NIR‐II emission with a fluorescence quantum yield of 1.1%, thanks to the spiro‐configuration that suppressing excessively intermolecular π–π stacking. Furthermore, SFX‐IC NPs not only efficiently generate 1O2 and O∙−2 under 660 nm laser irradiation, but also possess good photothermal effect with photothermal conversion efficiency of 47.14%. Consequently, SFX‐IC NPs can be served as versatile phototheranostic agents for NIR‐II fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging‐guided phototherapy, manifesting that the spiro‐functionalized strategy is a powerful tool to construct efficient NIR‐II emitting PSs.
Quantum Dot Luminescence Microspheres Enable Ultra‐Efficient and Bright Micro‐LEDs
Authors: Gong Ting , Xuan Tongtong , Bai Wenhao , Dong Haorui , Huang Kai , Xie Rong‐Jun
Published: January 2025

Quantum dot (QD)‐converted micrometer‐scale light‐emitting diodes (micro‐LEDs) are regarded as an effective solution for achieving high‐performance full‐color micro‐LED displays because of their narrow‐band emission, simplified mass transfer, facile drive circuits, and low cost. However, these micro‐LEDs suffer from significant blue light leakage and unsatisfactory electroluminescence properties due to the poor light conversion efficiency and stability of the QDs. Herein, the construction of green and red QD luminescence microspheres with the simultaneously high conversion efficiency of blue light and strong photoluminescence stability are proposed. These luminescence microspheres exhibit high external photoluminescence quantum yields exceeding 46% under 450 nm excitation, along with excellent reliability against blue light, heat, and water‐oxygen degradation, owing to the waveguide and spatial confinement effects of the microspheres. The microsphere‐based green and red micro‐LEDs achieve world‐record external quantum efficiencies of 40.8% and 22.1%, respectively, and high brightness values of 1.7 × 108 and 7.6 × 107 cd m−2, respectively. Finally, 0.6 inch red, green, and blue monochrome micro‐LED displays are demonstrated by integrating microsphere‐converted micro‐LED arrays with thin‐film transistor backplanes, which show a pixel resolution as high as 1700 PPI and brightness exceeding 10 000 cd m−2.
A Universal Therapeutic Vaccine Leveraging Autologous Pre‐Existing Immunity to Eliminate in Situ Uniformly Engineered Heterogeneous Tumor Cells
Authors: Wu Fuhua , Guo Zhaofei , Yang Jialiang , Ou Yangsen , Xie Xiejin , Liao Hu , Guo Chenqi , Zhan Yuxi , Wu Haiping , Hu Rui , Xu Yanhua , Tang Xue , Wang Haolin , Ye Lin , He Penghui , He Chunting , Huang Lu , Luo Shuang , Sun Xun , Yang Zhenglin
Published: January 2025

Tumor vaccines that activate the autologous immune system to eliminate tumor cells represent a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. However, challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, limited antigen selection, insufficient antigen presentation, and the slow onset of de novo immune responses have resulted in poor universality and suboptimal response rates. In contrast, pathogen‐specific pre‐existing immunity acquired through infection or vaccination, can rapidly generate a more potent and enduring immune response upon re‐encounter with the same antigen. Here, an adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐based therapeutic vaccine capable of genetically modifying diverse tumor cells to uniformly overexpress and efficiently present the highly immunogenic transmembrane SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor binding domain (RBD), and to release RBD‐enveloped virus‐like particles, which awaken and enhance the RBD‐specific pre‐existing immunity, leading to significant tumor remission, is engineered. Mechanistically, this therapeutic vaccine leverages the robust RBD‐specific pre‐existing immunity and heightened antibody‐mediated phagocytosis to eliminate engineered tumor cells while inducing antigen spreading, thereby provoking a more diverse tumor‐specific cellular immune responses. Notably, widespread administration of vaccines against various pathogens has provided a versatile pool of pre‐existing immunity that can be redirected to eradicate tumors. These findings offer a novel perspective on overcoming the limitations posed by tumor heterogeneity and personalized medicine.
Untethered Soft Robots Based on 1D and 2D Nanomaterials
Authors: He Jingwen , Huang Peng , Li Bingjue , Xing Youqiang , Wu Ze , Lee Tung‐Chun , Liu Lei
Published: January 2025

Biological structures exhibit autonomous and intelligent behaviors, such as movement, perception, and responses to environmental changes, through dynamic interactions with their surroundings. Inspired by natural organisms, future soft robots are also advancing toward autonomy, sustainability, and interactivity. This review summarizes the latest achievements in untethered soft robots based on 1D and 2D nanomaterials. First, the performance of soft actuators designed with different structures is compared. Then, the development of basic locomotion forms, including crawling, jumping, swimming, rolling, gripping, and multimodal, mimicking biological motion mechanisms under dynamic stimuli, is discussed. Subsequently, various self‐sustained movements based on imbalance mechanisms under static stimuli are introduced, including light tracking, self‐oscillating, self‐crawling, self‐rolling, and flying. Following that, the progress in soft actuators integrated with additional functionalities such as sensing, energy harvesting, and storage is summarized. Finally, the challenges faced in this field and the prospects for future development are discussed.