bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Fernández-Trujillo Liliana
Published: December 2021

La Revista Colombiana de Neumología presenta en este número un artículo original en el cual nuevamente nos enfrentamos al reto de la pandemia y la infección por el SARS-CoV-2. La situación sigue siendo impredecible, aunque hemos aprendido mucho hasta ahora; se ha avanzado en la implementación de la vacunación a la población, pero no tenemos todavía la vacuna perfecta; se investigan múltiples medicamentos para tratar la infección severa por Covid 19 incluyendo ensayos clínicos controlados, pero hasta el momento la terapia más importante es la de soporte.
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND POLITICAL RISKS ON TOURISM PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA
Authors:   University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of economics and Accounting, University Rd, Westville, South Africa, MUZINDUTSI Paul-Francois , DUBE Fikile ,   University of KwaZulu Natal, School of economics and Accounting, University Rd, Westville, South Africa, MANALIYO Jean-Claude ,   North-West University, School of Tourism Management, Albert Luthuli and University Drive, Mmabatho, South Africa
Published: December 2021

The contribution of tourism to a country’s economy is determined by country risk measures such as economic, financial and political risk. This study aimed to investigate short and long-run effects of country risk factors on international tourist arrivals and tourism revenue for the South African tourism industry. The sample period consists of monthly time series data of tourist arrivals, tourism revenue, and country risk factors from January 2004 to December 2018. Data was analysed using the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and non-linear ARDL (NARDL) models. The findings showed that the long-run effects of country risk factors on tourist arrivals and revenue are asymmetric. Economic, financial, and political measures of country risk negatively affect tourist arrivals, however, tourism revenue responds differently to changes in these risk factors. Political risk has the highest effect on the tourism industry compared to economic and financial risk factors. Overall, this study established that both international tourist arrivals and tourism revenue are threatened by financial shocks indicating that an unconducive financial environment has long-term negative implications on the South African tourism industry.
Comparison of different technologies for producing recombinant adeno-associated virus on a laboratory scale
Authors: Ryabova E. I. , Derkaev A. A. , Esmagambetov I. B. , Shcheblyakov D. V. , Dovgiy M. A. , Byrikhina D. V. , Prokofiev V. V. , Chemodanova I. P.
Published: December 2021

Adeno-associated virus vectors are among the most promising ones for the delivery of transgenes to various organs and tissues. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is able to transduce both dividing and non-dividing cells, has low immunogenicity, and is able to provide long-term expression of transgenes. Modern technologies make it possible to obtain rAAV for in vivo use, but they are not without drawbacks associated with laboriousness, scalability difficulties, and high cost, therefore, improvement of technological schemes for obtaining rAAV is an urgent issue. The aim of the study was to compare different technological approaches to rAAV production based on different conditions of the transfected HEK293 cell line cultivation on a laboratory scale. Materials and methods: HEK293 cell culture, AAV-DJ Packaging System, PlasmidSelect Xtra Starter Kit were used in the study. The technologies were compared using a model rAAV vector with a single-domain antibody transgene fused to the Fc-fragment of IgG1 specific to botulinum toxin. HEK293 cells were transfected with supercoiled plasmid DNA isolated by three-step chromatographic purification. The identity of the rAAV preparation was determined by electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: the study demonstrated the efficiency of the chromatographic method for obtaining a supercoiled form of plasmid DNA that can be used for efficient transfection of cell culture in order to produce rAAV. The study compared the following processes of rAAV production: using transient transfection and cultivation of the transfected HEK293 cell suspension in Erlenmeyer flasks, adherent culture in T-flasks, and adherent culture in a BioBLU 5p bioreactor on a matrix of Fibra-Cel disks. Conclusions: the data obtained showed the possibility of using the described approaches to purification of plasmid DNA, cell transfection, and cultivation of the transfected cells under various conditions to obtain rAAV samples that expresses the antibody gene. The BioBLU 5p reactor with Fibra-Cel discs was used for the first time to produce preparative quantities of rAAV on a laboratory scale, which increased the adherent surface area during cell culture and transfection, and, as a result, increased the yield of the target product.
Влияние знакопеременного изгиба на структуру и механические свойства технически чистой меди
Authors: Рогачев С. О. , Андреев В. А. , Перкас М. М. , Юсупов В. С. , Шелест А. Е. , Хаткевич В. М. , Исаенкова М. Г. , Бабич Я. А.
Published: December 2021

Исследованы структура и механические свойства технически чистой меди после знакопеременной упругопластической деформации (изгибом). Показано, что знакопеременный изгиб полосы толщиной 3 мм технически чистой меди приводит к повышению значений микротвердости и появлению градиента их распределения: минимальные значения в средней (по толщине) части полосы, максимальные вблизи ее поверхностей. Установлено, что после первого прохода знакопеременного изгиба условный предел текучести полосы повышается в 1,5 раза при сохранении высокого значения относительного удлинения. Выявлены структурные факторы, влияющие на изменение механических свойств технически чистой меди при знакопеременном изгибе.
Влияние режимов искрового плазменного спекания на структуру и свойства порошковых материалов системы Ni - Cr - Si - B - С
Authors: Корниенко Е. Е. , Никулина А. А. , Баннов А. Г. , Ивашутенко А. С.
Published: December 2021

Исследовано влияние режимов искрового плазменного спекания (SPS) на структуру и свойства самофлюсующегося материала системы Ni - Cr - Si - B - С. Определены структура и фазовый состав образцов с использованием методов световой и растровой электронной микроскопии, а также пористость и микротвердость полученного материала. Проведены триботехнические испытания образцов в условиях трения о закрепленные частицы абразива. Установлены режимы SPS порошка ПР-Н77Х15С3Б2, позволяющие получить Ni - Cr - Si - B - С-сплав с минимальной пористостью и максимальными микротвердостью и износостойкостью.
Повышение свойств стали 30ХГСА созданием смешанной мартенситно-аустенитной структуры
Authors: Попелюх А. И. , Тюрин А. Г. , Бардин А. И.
Published: December 2021

Исследованы структура и свойства стали 30ХГСА после упрочнения по технологии Quenching and Partitionig (QP) и, для сравнения, по стандартным режимам закалки и отпуска. Проведены металлографический и фрактографический анализы стали, а также испытания на ударный изгиб. Получены кинетические диаграммы усталостного разрушения, рассчитаны коэффициент интенсивности напряжений ΔK и скорость роста усталостной трещины v. Показано, что в результате QP-обработки в стали формируется гетерогенная структура мартенсита, разделенная прослойками вязкого остаточного аустенита, что способствует повышению ударной вязкости стали в 1,5 - 2 раза и сопротивления распространению усталостных трещин в 1,5 раза по сравнению с аналогичными характеристиками после традиционной закалки с отпуском. При этом прочность стали практически не уменьшается. Обработка QP может быть рекомендована для повышения конструктивной прочности тяжелонагруженных деталей машин.
The effect of hedonic value, utilitarian value, and customer satisfaction in predicting repurchase intention and willingness to pay a price premium for smartwatch brands
Authors: Saygılı Metin , Yalçıntekin Tolga
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the role of hedonic value (HV), utilitarian value (UV), and customer satisfaction (CS) in individuals' willingness to pay a price premium (WTP a price premium) and repurchase intention (RI) to smartwatches. This study is unique and important as it only deals with smartwatches, unlike other studies on wearable technology products that often focus on the general situation. The research sample includes smartwatch users aged 18 years and above. An online survey was used to collect research data from 420 people identified using the convenience sampling method. After checking the missing values, 401 valid surveys were retained for further analysis. Hypotheses were analysed using the Structural Equation Modelling. The research findings revealed strong relationships between HV and UV and CS. HV and UV were found to positively affect the CS. The results showed that CS also had a positive influence on both WTP a price premium and RI.
Selection of markets for textile export using the adequate portfolio
Authors: Stasytytė Viktorija , Rutkauskas Aleksandras Vytautas , Celiešienė Eglė
Published: December 2021

Textiles is one of the largest industries in the world, creating significant volumes of trade, export, and jobs. In the European Union, this industry is essential and attempts to retain and increase competitiveness. Most of the textile and clothing sector production is exported; thus, adequate orientation to export markets is essential. The paper’s objective is to determine the countries suitable for exporting the textile production of Lithuania and similar countries using the adequate portfolio model. The adequate portfolio treats the export possibilities according to three parameters: return, reliability, and risk. Clothing annual average index data across countries obtained from the Eurostat database were used for calculations. After performing the research, three portfolio cases were proposed, and the most profitable export countries and their given return were determined. Research results can be applied to the whole country and for individual textile exporting enterprises.
Examining the effect of user satisfaction and business intelligence system usage on individual job performance
Authors: Kapo Amra , Turulja Lejla , Zaimović Tarik , Mehić Senka
Published: December 2021

Business intelligence systems are in widespread use today due to the many business benefits. Users are one of the key stakeholders in the business intelligence process. For optimal system adaptation, the user should be able to interact with the application in order to improve its capacity to contribute to decision-making. For the business intelligence process itself to be effective, it is necessary to define the user needs regardless of the type of work they do. If the user is satisfied and thinks that the system improves his/her performance or the quality of decisions made, they will want to use it even more. System usage has sometimes been viewed as a direct reflection of system performance; however, this is difficult to define in organizations where system usage is mandatory. Business intelligence systems are especially mandatory to use, as they are used in large organizations and require greater investment than other systems. This is why it is important to investigate the nature of system usage and its impact on individual performance. This research model deals with determinants that represent dimensions of the information system's success theory. Those determinants are: user satisfaction, intention to use, system usage, and individual performance. Obtained results show that increased user satisfaction and intention to use, lead to increased system usage and that both the increase in user satisfaction and system usage lead to a rise in individual user performance.
Determinants of crowdfunding success in central and eastern European countries
Authors: Šimić Šarić Marija
Published: December 2021

As an alternative way of financing, crowdfunding has been growing rapidly since the last financial crisis in 2008. The number of launched projects has increased, but the number of successful projects remains low. Little is known about what leads to success in this field, especially in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries where the determinants of crowdfunding campaign success for projects are not identified. Therefore, the article focuses on identifying determinants of crowdfunding campaign success for projects from CEE countries. Based on the dataset from Kickstarter, consisting of 473 projects from CEE countries, I examine factors influencing the probability of project success. The analyzed sample of projects shows that the number of backers and mean contribution are positively correlated with the probability of campaign success, while a higher project goal lowers the probability of success. Project duration is not a statistically significant success factor.
СТАН СУЧАСНОГО ПЕРЕКЛАДОЗНАВСТВА У СЛОВАЧЧИНІ
Authors: Амір Адріана , Шмігер Тарас
Published: December 2021

The article reveals the main achievements of the modern Slovak school of translation studies in the fi elds of theory, history, criticism and didactics of translation. In today’s Slovakia translation research is concentrated in four academic centres: the Slovak Academy of Arts and Sciences in Bratislava as well as the Universities of Banska Bystrica, Nitra and Presov. Slovak researchers are developing a number of partial theories of translation, including the theory of audiovisual translation and the theory of translation competencies. Interestingly, machine translation is also well-studied, although the topic might be neglected as the number of Slovak speakers is not so numerous. Researchers are very active in studying the history of translation, especially in the fi eld of biography studies. History studies apply the methodology of sociological research which help to evaluate the reception of foreign literatures in various perspectives. On the basis of judging books in translation, translation criticism does not seem to be very popular as a research topic, although the publication of the specialized journal “Kritika prekladu” will defi nitely stimulate this domain. Ukrainian studies in Slovakia – including the domain of translation studies – also have a strong position due to the scholars of Prešov University. This can be explained by long and fruitful academic traditions of the Ukrainian autochthonous community. Within the last decade, the researchers of Ukrainian background also contributed to translation studies in the areas of the cultural theory of translation and court interpreting and translation. Although there are a number of books in translation, publishing eff orts have some problems as well, i. e. the small volume of monographic editions, which sometimes resemble a lengthy article rather than a book. The books are published not only in print, but also in electronic format and online which will facilitate the availability of these publications to much wider readership. Key words: Slovakia, translation theory, translation history, audiovisual translation, Ukrainian studies.
ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНІ ОДИНИЦІ ТЕМАТИЧНОЇ ГРУПИ “ПОГОДА” В СУЧАСНІЙ НІМЕЦЬКІЙ МОВІ: СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧНИЙ ТА ПЕРЕКЛАДАЦЬКИЙ АСПЕКТИ
Authors: Дружбяк Світлана , Гаф’як Христина
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the structural and semantic features of German phraseological units of the thematic group “Weather”. This thematic group was chosen for the study given the great importance of weather conditions for various spheres of human life, especially for agriculture, which is undoubtedly refl ected in the language by the presence of a large number of features, descriptions and phraseological units. The study is based on the electronic resource “Oldphras”. Three hundred and four phraseological units, which are the subject of this study, were identifi ed by using the resource search system. The main thematic subgroups are Wetter “weather”, Regen “rain”, Hagel “hail”, Blitz “lightning”, Donner “thunder”, Nebel “fog”, Wind “wind”, Sturm “storm”, Gewitter “bad weather”, Schnee “Snow”, Wolke “cloud”, Frost “frost”, Hitze “heat”, Sonne “sun”, Himmel “sky”, Jahreszeit “season”, Winter “winter”, Frühling “spring”, Sommer “summer”. The electronic resource allows us to accurately understand the meaning of the selected units, as the page has an explanation of each of them, as well as to see whether this phraseology is relevant in modern German and whether it has undergone some changes. The next step was to classify phraseological units according to their structure and semantics. According to the criterion of structure, phraseological units constitute the “phrasicon” of a language – that is, the whole inventory of idioms and phrases, both word-like and sentencelike set expressions. Using these criteria, the fi rst type includes the following compounds: in den Wind reden – “waste (one’s) breath”; Wind haben – “as hungry as a hunter”; in allen Himmeln schweben – “head in the clouds”; Sturm läuten – “to ring the alarm bell”. As for the second type, here are the following examples: Sie hat wohl der Blitz beim letzten Schiß erwischt? – “Are you insane?”; Аhа, daher weht der Wind! – “That’s what the smell is!”; jetzt pfeift der Wind aus einem anderen Loch (jetzt pfeift ein anderer Wind) – “change one`s tune”. The results indicate that sentence-like expressions account for 31.6 % of the entire sample, while word-like ones comprise 68.4 %. Also, we have made use of V. V. Vinogradov’s classifi cation system which is based on the degree of semantic cohesion between the components of a phraseological unit. As a result, the selected phraseological units were classifi ed by translation methods, and it was determined that the most commonly used methods are analogues (41.5 %) and descriptive (36.6 %) ones, while equivalent, combined, antonymous, loan translation, and translation in one word are much less fr).equent (21.9 % altogether). Key words: phraseological unit, translation, semantics, translation equivalence, translation transformations.
РЕАЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ВИГАДКА? ПОНЯТТЯ “МЕТАМОДЕРНІЗМ” І “МЕТАМОДЕРН” В СУЧАСНОМУ КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНОМУ І ЛІТЕРАТУРОЗНАВЧОМУ ДИСКУРСІ
Authors: Бандровська Ольга
Published: December 2021

At the beginning of the 20th century, postmodernism has depleted its cultural and aesthetic potential, and as most critics agree, it has become a phenomenon of the past. Among the conceptions aimed at comprehending the impact of the new media and digital technologies, together with the trend towards globalization, digimodernism, automoderrnism, altermodernism, performatism, and metamodernism can be listed as the most conspicuous ones. Proceeding from the fact that metamodernism is a theoretically developed and strongly institutionalized conceptualization of both current cultural change and 21st-century fi ction, this paper focuses on its cultural and literary strategies. Primarily, the study aims to analyze the fundamentals of metamodernism elaborated in the works by Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker and in metamodernist web manifestoes. To achieve this goal, such notions as a “structure of feeling” and “new sincerity” that refl ect an emerging cultural sensibility, along with the principle of the metamodernist oscillation between modernist and postmodernist modes, are highlighted. The claim that the Metamodern era replaces Postmodernity is also under investigation. In addition, the paper explores the main features of metamodernism in the works by David Foster Wallace, one of the most famous and infl uential US writers of his generation, a talented novelist and essayist. Application of nonlinear, rhizomatic structures at the narrative level, modeling of the reality according to the principle “what if this is true?”, and a combination of the principles of “new sincerity” and post-irony in Wallace’s novel “Infi nite Jest” are considered. The paper concludes that metamodernism as a literary trend of the recent decades suggests new fi ctional patterns of aesthetic innovations, primarily in returning multiple facets of reality into a literary text. Key words: metamodernism, Metamodern, postmodernism, Postmodern, “new sincerity”, “structure of feeling”, Vermeulen and van den Akker, “Notes on Metamodernism”, David Wallace, “Infi nite Jest”.
A case report of severe acute pancreatitis with infected necrosis and concomitant Coronavirus Disease‑19 (COVID‑19): a nosocomial infection or delayed respiratory manifestation of viral disease?
Authors: Susak Y. , Tkachenko O. , Lobanova O. , Skivka L.
Published: December 2021

The association between COVID‑19 and acute pancreatitis (AP) has been extensively analyzed in recent research and review papers worldwide. It should be noted that most studies have focused on AP as a COVID‑19 complication and/or an extra‑pulmonary manifestation of the disease, although the investigation reports on the cases of prior pancreatitis and subsequent COVID‑19 infection are limited.
The aim of this case report is to describe the treatment protocol and clinical outcome of a patient with acute necrotizing pancreatitis who developed nosocomial COVID‑19..
Case presentation. The data were collected from patient S., a 42‑year‑old male admitted with AP to the intensive care unit of Kyiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, in October 2020. This study was reviewed and approved by the local Ethics Committee (Protocol No 25‑15‑60). The patient signed written informed consent to participate in the study, after having been informed of all relevant aspects that could influence his decision.
The patient, primarily diagnosed with AP, was admitted to the hospital without a PCR test for detecting SARS‑CoV‑2. 21 days after his admission to the hospital, the patient developed COVID‑19. AP progression to severe AP with infected necrosis, the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure necessitated operative pancreatic debridement, which was postponed due to severe acute respiratory failure. Operative pancreatic debridement was performed on the 45th day of hospital stay after the resolution of COVID‑19‑associated pneumonia. The postoperative period was typical for the disease severity and the extent of the surgery, and was complicated by external pancreatic and colonic fistulas. The length of hospital stay for this patient was 115 days which included 20 days of treatment and monitoring in the intensive care unit due to pneumonia. He was discharged after clinical symptom improvement.
Conclusions. It is imperative to screen patients presenting with AP for SARS‑CoV‑2 in order to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment strategy. Further detailed investigation of mechanisms of pancreatic injury in patients with SARS‑CoV‑2 is necessary.
Спектры пульсаций хромосферного излучения солнечных вспышек
Authors: Купряков Юрий Алексеевич , Горшков Алексей Борисович , Кашапова Лариса Камалетдиновна
Published: December 2021

Мы представляем результаты анализа квазипериодических пульсаций (КПП) хромосферного излучения трех солнечных вспышек. Исследование основано на наблюдательных данных, которые были получены двумя наземными спектрографами: Multichannel Flare Spectrograph (MFS) и Horizontal-Sonnen-Forschungs-Anlage 2 (HSFA-2) обсерватории Ondrejov (Астрономический институт Чешской академии наук). Проведен анализ спектров мощности временных профилей, полученных как на основе спектрограмм, так и фильтрограмм. Проведено сравнение выявленных периодов с результатами анализа периодичности в рентгеновском и микроволновом диапазонах. Полученные значения для вспышек классов С и М лежат в диапазоне от 1 до 5 минут. Обнаружено совпадение периодов колебаний для разных приемников излучения и инструментов.
Электрические токи в униполярных областях с разной скоростью затухания магнитного потока в пятне
Authors: Фурсяк Юрий , Плотников Андрей , Абраменко Валентина
Published: December 2021

Используя магнитографические данные прибора Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) на борту космического аппарата Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), мы вычислили параметры магнитного поля и электрических токов для униполярных активных областей (АО) с низкой (≤ 2.1 × 1019 Мкс ч−1, всего исследовано 11 АО) и высокой (≥ 7.0 × 1019 Мкс ч−1, проанализиро-вано 5 АО) скоростью затухания магнитного потока в пятне. Получены следующие результаты: 1) чем сильнее локальные (мелкомасштабные) электрические токи в окрестности униполярного пятна, тем быстрее оно затухает; 2) распределенный (глобальный, крупномасштабный) электрический ток вокруг быстро затухающих пятен практически нулевой, и от него не приходится ожидать стабилизирующего воздействия на процесс распада пятна; 3) для четырех случаев медленно затухающих пятен выявлен ненулевой распределенный электрический ток величиной до 5.0 × 1012 А. Такой ток может оказывать стабилизирующее  действие на распад пятна.

Таким образом, полученные нами результаты указывают на то, что электрические токи малых масштабов оказывают скорее деструктивное воздействие на пятно, а присутствие крупномасштабных токов может стабилизировать пятно. Однако данный механизм, по-видимому, не является единственным и доминирующим в процессах стабилизации пятен.
Перспективы сцинтилляционных детекторов на основе матриц из кремниевых ФЭУ
Authors: Янин Алексей Федорович , Дзапарова Ирина Майрамовна , Горбачева Елена Александровна , Куреня Александр Николаевич , Петков Валерий Борисович , Шихин Александр Александрович
Published: December 2021

В работе рассматривается прототип детектора на жидком сцинтилляторе, способы снятия информации с него, возможность применения конусов Винстона и линз Френеля. Проводилась оценка применения линз Френеля и черенковского излучения для детекторов килотонных размеров. В качестве системы сбора информации применялась 128-канальная система сбора данных MDU3-GI64X2 фирмы AiT Instruments. В качестве приемных устройств использовались 2 матрицы ArrayJ-60035-64P-PCB (фирма SensL, Ирландия), состоящие из 64 индивидуальных кремниевых фотоэлектронных умножителей (КФЭУ) серии J. Предполагается, что использование фотоприемников на основе таких матриц в сцинтилляционных детекторах позволит получать образы (снимки) событий, анализ которых даст принципиальную возможность разделять различные классы событий в детекторах.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PT JASA MARGA (Persero) Tbk DI INDUSTRI PENGELOLAAN, PEMELIHARAAN, DAN PENGADAAN JARINGAN TOL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Fajar Indrawa Dito , Raharjo Taufik
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kinerja keuangan dari PT Jasa Marga (Persero) dan membandingkan kinerja keuangan antara PT Jasa Marga (Persero) dengan PT Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada (CMNP) pada tahun 2014-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal dari data laporan keuangan perusahaan. Peneiltian ini menggunakan analisis rasio keuangan untuk mengukur kinerja perusahaan dari beberapa segi, yaitu segi likuiditas, solvabilitas, aktivitas, dan profitabilitas perusahaan. Hasil yang di dapatkan mengungkan bahwa PT Citra marga Nusaphala Persada mempunyai kinrja keuangan yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan PT Jasa Marga (Persero), baik dinilai dari egi likuiditas, solvabilitas, aktivitas, dan profitabilitas perusahaan.
Financial Support for Research, Development and Engineering Instruments and Technology Readiness Levels
Authors:   Financial Research Institute, Moscow 127006, Russian Federation, Bogacheva O.V. ,   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation, Smorodinov O.V. ,   Financial Research Institute, Moscow 127006, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

At present, the methodology of technology readiness levels (TRL) is used worldwide by both public organizations and private companies to address a number of issues. In the system of public support for the development of the science, technology and innovation (STI) sector, TRL is increasingly used as a tool for R&D project management and funding. At the same time, the TRL methodology is not integrated into the budget process in any country in the world, which does not allow the full potential of TRL to be actualized. For Russia, where the role of state scientific and research organizations and public funding of STI is extremely important, this task is a real challenge. As the authors conclude, not only should the TRL methodology be adapted to the tasks of managing budget expenditures for R&D, but the public funding system with its financial instruments should also be adjusted taking into account the requirements of TRL. The key direction of integrating the TRL methodology into the budgetary process is linking of TRLs with elements of types of budgetary expenditures. This task could be accomplished after having taken the following measures: improvement of the budget classification in terms of R&D expenditures; application of a unified project approach to all instruments of state financial support and a unified classification of R&D projects; provision of a unified system for recording expenditures on science; improvement of public support instruments; and determination of the required ratio of R&D funding from budgetary and extrabudgetary sources for various TRL intervals. This work should include development and implementation of a new approach to understanding the boundaries of the STI sector, stages (types) of scientific activities, planning methods and conditions for the provision of public support, as well as improvements in the conceptual apparatus and tools of the support.
A STUDY BY GENDER IN HAPPINESS AT WORK IN SPANISH FINANCIAL SECTOR
Authors:   University of Castilla-La Mancha (Ciudad Real, Spain), CASTELLANOS-REDONDO Sonia , NEVADO-PEÑA Doming ,   University of Castilla-La Mancha (Ciudad Real, Spain), LÓPEZ-RUIZ Víctor-Raúl ,   University of Castilla-La Mancha (Albacete, Spain), HUETE-ALCOCER Nuria ,   University of Castilla-La Mancha (Albacete, Spain)
Published: December 2021

Using a survey of working-age Spanish citizens in 2020, we established a measure of organizational ethics based on the possible discrepancy between citizen’s personal happiness and their happiness at work. The analysis focused on one of the essential economic sectors in the face of the pandemic, the financial sector. These workers demand organizational ethics with clear values in social responsibility and training, going beyond the achievement of a socially acceptable income. Other socio-demographic variables, such as gender, are of great interest for the analysis, being able to identify wage inequality and job satisfaction, which are more pronounced in the financial sector. Women are less happy at work, because of their job position and personal worth, thus being a key line to continue investigating in terms of corporate social responsibility and search for happiness of human capital. KEYWORDS: happiness at work, gender, quality of life, ethics, pandemic.
AN INDIVIDUAL’S PSYCHOLOGICAL AUTONOMY AND WARM RELATIONS WITH OTHERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE FEELING OF HAPPINESS
Authors:   G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology, National Academy of Educational Sciences (Kyiv, Ukraine) AN INDIVIDUAL’S PSYCHOLOGICAL AUTONOMY AN, CHAIKA Galina
Published: December 2021

Autonomy and positive relationships with others are two factors that influence people’s belief that they have a choice and are able to choose their life path based on own goals, beliefs and values, and, in addition, they are able and want to interact flexibly with the social environment, and this is what supports their psychological well-being. The thesis demonstrates that there are some personal traits that support both personal autonomy and the ability to create and maintain positive relationships with other people. That is, these needs are not mutually exclusive, but rather complement each other, making a person's life pain colourful and multifaceted. It is clear that not only autonomy in actions and deeds and not only positive relationships are the key to happiness. Happiness is a complex phenomenon that depends on many factors, both external and internal, but experienced autonomy and positive relationships are its components. KEY WORDS: autonomy, positive relationships with others, psychological wellbeing, happiness.
WILL THERE BE HAPPINESS FROM MORPHINE-LIKE PEPTIDES OF MILK?
Authors:   O.O. Bogomolets Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine (Lviv, Ukraine), DOSENKO Victor
Published: December 2021

The two types of milk are analysed: A2 milk, which is initial, natural and is considered to have no negative impact on human organism, and A1 milk that is a result of mutation and contains β-casein out of which a very active morphine receptor agonist derives. It is analysed how morphine peptides affect the “triangle of happiness” – brain areas responsible for experiencing happiness that are integrated in a Reward System. It is explicated that for experiencing happiness a human being needs social, psychological and other cultural factors that cannot be replaced by a mere consumption of morphinelike peptides with food and nutrients. Keywords: β-casein, β-casomorphine, morphine-like peptides, brain, happiness, Reward System, Anti-Reward System.
HAPPINESS AS A KEY FACTOR OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   The Ukrainian Institute for Happiness Research (Lviv, Ukraine), GOLYASH Iryna
Published: December 2021

People are the most important resource of the new era, and the creative economy and happiness are interdependent elements necessary for the balanced development of the economic, social and environmental spheres. By helping to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, the creative economy influences living standards and provides a sense of happiness. If people are positive and happy, then they are able to produce creative ideas and strive for an active life with an emphasis on achieving goals. For the sake of profitability, the creative sectors of the economy constantly encourage people to be creative, but the ability to generate ideas is unstable, because everything depends on the state of man and the environment in which he lives and works. Therefore, the main task of any country should be to ensure happiness for everyone, which is the basis for the existence of a creative economy. Otherwise, the country will automatically stop its development and begin to degrade rapidly. Human happiness must be not only a key factor in the creative economy for sustainable development, but also a mission for the development of each country and society as a whole. KEY WORDS: Creative economy, Happiness, Sustainable Development Goals.
UNDERSTANDING THE PHENOMENON OF HAPPINESS IN EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Authors:   G.S.Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), KAPLUNENKO Yaryna
Published: December 2021

The turbulent events of today, posing new challenges to humanity, in turn, actualize the negative effects and provoke the growth of people's mental tension, anxiety, depression, and crisis, moreover. In contrast, in recent years, there has been a tendency among scientists to understand and conceptualize the concepts of "psychological health" and "happiness", which correspond to the desire of philosophers and psychologists to form new guidelines for overcoming and preventing these negative influences. The article provides a brief historical and theoretical review of the understanding of the concept of happiness in the framework of existential psychology and psychotherapy from the point of view of leading representatives of this field, in particular, S. Kjerkegor, F. Nietzsche, E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, L. Binswanger, M. Boss, E. Van Deurzen, V. Frankl, A. Lengle. KEY WORDS: the phenomenon of happiness, existential psychology, existence, being.
HAPPINESS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Lyallpur Khalsa College (Jalndhar (Punjab)-India), KUMAR Navdeep
Published: December 2021

Human development is essential for social sustainability. The inclusive development of any nation depends upon the level of human development, which is affected by economic and social progress. In the present era, it is being observed that mere economic development does not lead to human progress. Rather such development resulted into the vicious impacts on the mental and social development of the majority of population. The lack of happiness is the key factor for rising cases of mental disorders all over the world. It is well recognized fact that human development is not possible without happiness. Happiness is a multi –dimensional concept. It is the dire need of the hour to make efforts for real happiness to attain the targets of human development in real sense. Key Words: Human Development, Happiness, Social Sustainability
LOVE AS INFORMATION AND ENERGY UNIT OF PERSON’S HAPPINESS
Authors:   G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of NAES of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), MAKSYMENKO Serhii
Published: December 2021

Love is a core of personality. Love is foundation and systemicity that integrates in itself motivations, content and purpose. Love is all-embracing and represents actuality of happiness. The top experience of love is what is called “experience of flow” in the contemporary psychology. A person is excited and driven by the flow of life itself. Goals, strivings and anticipations disappear – everything submits to the flow, the motion that becomes the most important and essential itself. Keywords: happiness, development, love, dynamics, becoming, an individual, productivity.
THE ECONOMICS OF HAPPINESS IN ROBERT MICHELS BETWEEN BENTHAMIAN UTILITARIANISM AND CIVIL ECONOMY
Authors:   University of Perugia (Perugia, Italy), MONTESI Cristina
Published: December 2021

The paper thematizes the problematic relationship between economy and happiness covered by economist Robert Michels (1876-1936) in his book “The Economics of Happiness” written in 1918. In this book Michels, as a true frontier scholar, provides, well in advance of the acquisitions of the modern “science of happiness”, an interdisciplinary reading of the different determinants of happiness and of their interactions, courageously refuting the monistic and reductionist paradigm of neoclassical economy dominant in his epoch. The hedonistic conception of happiness conceived by Michels echoes that formulated by Jeremy Bentham, but Michels, unlike the Utilitarians of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, gives it an unexpected twist, by postulating heretically that happiness is the ultimate goal of economy and that wealth is only a means to achieve it. In establishing the primacy of happiness as the main purpose of economic activity, Michels follows in the footsteps of Neapolitan and Milanese Civil Economists of Enlightenment with whom he had other theoretical points of consonance which the paper highlights. However Michels’ conception of happiness differs from Civil Economists’ notion because it is primarily based on individual pleasure and not on relational goods, because it is disconnected from those components of gratuitousness which are immanent to sincere relational goods, because it is detached from the search for Common Good. Finally the paper illustrates the multidimensional and innovative public policies which Michels suggests for the achievement of happiness by invoking a wide range of integrated interventions to be carried out by the State and by the workers’ unions. Keywords: Happiness Economics, Benthamian Utilitarianism, Civil Economy
INCESSANT WORRY OR HAPPINESS IN UKRAINIAN
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Kyiv, Ukraine), SMORZHEVSKA Oksana
Published: December 2021

«Incessant worry» - this phrase-meme actively «walks» on social networks and has already become part of the language of everyday life. It is usually used in a somewhat ironic sense. But at the same time, in my opinion, this irony really contains a deep understanding of «what is happiness in Ukrainian». Cordocentrism is considered one of the characteristic features of the Ukrainian mentality. And also antheism (kinship with the native land) and execution (dominance in the psyche of the «feminine principle», but is not synonymous with femininity). All these features have found their embodiment, among other things, in art. And it is precisely the «Incessant worry» that reflects the cordocentrism of the Ukrainian character, and hence the understanding of happiness in Ukrainian. In pursuit of the material components of our everyday life, we have forgotten that happiness is harmony, it is order within ourselves and the creation of a positive attitude around us. Happiness in Ukrainian is coziness, cute little things that make our life more pleasant, it is pleasure from the work that you do, it is your health and your loved ones. And then this «Incessant worry» of Cossack Mamai, a warrior-wise man, in combination with a reeled doll (motanka), acquire a modern sound in our present. It has gone through difficult centuries, tempered in the whirlwind of complex life's vicissitudes and remains national archetypes, the cores of Ukrainian spiritual culture. KEY WORDS: «Incessant worry», happiness in Ukrainian, archetype, cordocentrism, reeled doll, Cossack Mamai.
THE HAPPINESS AND THE GOOD: ECCENTRICITY AND CENTRIPETALITY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Kyiv, Ukraine), BOYCHENKO Mykhailo
Published: December 2021

Happiness is always a good for a person: even if a person lacks some other goods, material or spiritual, a person can be happy. We can say that happiness to some extent can compensate for the lack of certain goods. A person is unhappy not when one does not know his center and boundaries, but when one cannot have power over them. Happiness is not rather in the retention of goods, but in the free possession of them. This rule is emphasized by rare exceptions from it: these include a person's dependence on the good of communication with spiritually close ones, relatives, loved ones, friends. Happiness is not a constant escape, but rather a constant learning of happiness. Person uses his / her eccentricity to find his / her new center each time, not to lose it or lose faith in it. Changing one's borders is also not unlimited and completely arbitrary. All this must also be learned, because the loss of goods is also bitter, especially if involuntary or, moreover, against our will, and the loss of some goods is the loss of our very life – organic and / or spiritual. Happiness is in the unity of eccentricity and centripetal of some personality: in the constant rejection of the unchanging center and boundaries of one's personality and at the same time in the constant search and new discoveries that partially reaffirm this center and boundaries – but as a result of one's own choice. Keywords: happiness, goods, eccentricity, centripetality, learning of happiness.
SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES USAGE AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC CONDITIONS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Kyiv, Ukraine), YAGIYAYEV Illya , NOVOSELSKA Alina ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the topic is related to the psychosocial consequences of the COVID19 pandemic. The aim is to study the subjective well-being during the beginning of the pandemic and introduction of the quarantine measures and their connection to social media activity. The methods employed in the present study include various types of questionnaires, namely the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener, Emmnos, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995), and an original questionnaire developed to study the impact of the pandemic and the respondents’ understanding and perceptions of it. The findings of the quantitative analysis show that the subjective well-being during the pandemic is connected to the use of social media, life satisfaction, health risks assessments and economic consequences, leisure time and the level of self-efficacy. A qualitative analysis indicates that at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine the negative predictions of the consequences of both the pandemic and the implemented quarantine measures prevail among the subjects. A longitudinal study during one month has found a reduction in health concerns, and respondents began to assess the threat to their health and economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic as less serious than at the beginning. Thus, it can be concluded that from a short-term perspective the negative affect, especially the levels of fear and anxiety, decreased, whereas the level of the positive affect did not change. Keywords: psychological well-being, subjective well-being, pandemic, life satisfaction, social media, conspiracy theories, COVID-19.
HAPPINESS, FREEDOM AND VALUES IN MODERN SOCIETY
Authors:   Department of Philosophy, Social and Human Sciences, and Education Università degli Studi di Perugia (Perugia, Italy), BULJUBAŠIĆ Ema
Published: December 2021

Pursuit of happiness is a highly valued human ambition that seems impossible to achieve in modern society. Ancient Greek philosophers, especially Aristotle’s concept of eudaimonia, present a theoretical starting point for defining happiness and bringing it firmly into relation with values. Philosopher Herbert Marcuse provides a valuable analysis of modern industrialized society explaining man’s loss of freedom in exchange for comfort and the self-perpetuating mechanism of consumerism that keeps people under willingly oppressed by imposing false needs. Consumerism also causes a distortion of people’s values and alienates them from their true values causing them psychological damage. Using Dr. Melanie Joy’s analysis of the psychological importance of living in accordance with one’s values and the distortion of values as a manipulation tactic common to different systems of oppression (racism, sexism, speciesism) we will identify two prerequisite conditions for achieving happiness: freedom and the alignment of values and behavior. Key words: happiness, freedom, values, false needs, consumerism
Sharing Economy and Fast Fashion (Sustainability and virtual consumer behavior: A review and research agenda)
Authors: Ruiz-Navarro Ramon , Hintzmann Carolina , Corrons August
Published: December 2021

The main objective of this work, through a
literature review, is to contextualize the importance of fashion consumer behavior
towards a more sustainable economy, emphasizing the sharing economy as an
alternative to fast fashion through virtual networks, and therefore also
highlights the use that consumers make of new technologies (social networks,
mobile applications, or collaborative platforms). The specific objectives are
none other than showing the need to contribute to the reduction of pollution,
damage to the environment and the overconsumption of natural resources (water, energy,
or materials) involved in the manufacture of clothing. All this linked to
consumer behavior, innovation, electronic commerce, the sharing economy, and
the entrepreneurship of the social and solidarity economy. It is for this
reason that this work is approached from a perspective that can help to promote
the exchange of fashion, examining the antecedents of the intention of
consumers to participate in virtual fashion networks.

The consolidation of the sharing economy in the
fashion industry could offer social, economic, and environmental benefits, so
this research also wants to highlight the convenience of identifying and
analyzing the different beliefs of people with similar behaviors using this
type of virtual fashion networks and platforms, and that, due to the
confinement of COVID-19, seems to have increased exponentially.

The value that is provided is to establish a
common framework for discussion, within which the research has been carried
out, since there is still much to analyze about consumer behavior in this
context, and therefore the future of research in this area must bring
together social, economic,
and technological research to provide a more holistic understanding.

It is desirable that sustainability and the
need for more sustainable consumption are a motivating influence for future research
on the sharing economy related to fast fashion and virtual consumer behavior.