bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A importância da fisioterapia no atendimento de pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Marcião Lucas Gabriel de Araújo , Costa Grace Ellen Pereira , Lima Patricia Emerich , Silva Victor Hugo Filgueiras da , Bezerra Ana Beatriz , Oliveira Ana Carla Calixto , Moura Leandro Ferreira de , Cobalchini Ana Rita Pereira , Silva Manoel Leonardo Tavares da , Sousa Danielle Gomes de , Rocha Izabel Anna da Silva , Santos Ricardo Nobre dos
Published: May 2021

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um distúrbio do neurodesenvolvimento que pode comprometer a comunicação de maneira verbal ou não verbal, com manifestação de movimentos repetitivos e momentos de distanciamento do contato com a realidade. Assim, é fundamental a inclusão do tratamento fisioterapêutico precocemente para desenvolver as funções das atividades de rotina, como também a melhoria da evolução do desenvolvimento da coordenação e interação interpessoal. O objetivo desse trabalho é discutir a importância da atuação do profissional fisioterapeuta no atendimento de pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura. Para este artigo foram feitas buscas manuais na plataforma Google Scholar e selecionados artigos pertinentes à temática para composição das referências. A partir dos dados apresentados, identifica-se que o papel do fisioterapeuta no atendimento de pessoas com TEA é possibilitar melhorias tanto motoras como mentais a partir de técnicas que estimulem a proximidade ao paciente, diálogo, integração social e trabalho de independência do paciente de maneira lúdica. Assim, primeiro no que se refere ao estabelecimento motor, existe a construção comunicativa que define a relação de confiança com o paciente. Por fim, compreende-se a importância da atuação do fisioterapeuta no atendimento ao paciente com TEA, dado a necessidade de estímulos motores e sensoriais. É importante ressaltar a necessidade de intervenção precoce para melhores respostas ao tratamento e adaptação ao espaço. Dessa maneira, a evolução nos aspectos motores e sensoriais auxiliam na melhoria da qualidade de vida e integração social dos indivíduos.
Tipos de Lasers e suas aplicações em Odontopediatria
Authors: Rodrigues Bárbara Andrade Leimig , Carvalho Ana Laura Vilela de , Melo Letícia Santos Alves de , Silva Luana Rafaela Garcez da , Silva-Selva Elizabeth Louisy Marques Soares da
Published: May 2021

Introdução: Os lasers são classificados em lasers de alta intensidade e de baixa intensidade. Sua aplicabilidade pode ser utilizada em vários procedimentos clínicos na Odontopediatria, como exemplo na cirurgia de freio labial e lingual, em preparos cavitários e na biomodulação de lesões orais. Objetivo: Verificar na literatura disponível os tipos de lasers utilizados em Odontologia e seu uso na prática Odontopediátrica. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, onde foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico através das bases de dados ScieLO e PubMed entre os anos de 2015 e 2020. Resultados: Foram selecionados, um total de 15 artigos dos quais 6 estudos foram Ensaios Clínicos Randomizados, 4 artigos de Revisão Sistemática e 5 Revisões de Literatura. Das pesquisas feitas com o laser de alta potência, os resultados encontrados foram favoráveis no tratamento da frenuloplastia, quando comparado à técnica pelo bisturi, assim como mostrou-se útil na área da Dentística utilizando-o no preparo de cavidades e de superfícies dentárias para aplicação de selantes em relação ao uso da broca. Já o laser de baixa intensidade demonstrou ser uma alternativa excelente para uso pós-exodontias como também como terapia de fotobiomodulação em pacientes que possuem lesões orais. Também foi visto resultados positivos, no uso do laser de baixa potência na cicatrização e regeneração óssea após ser feita a expansão rápida da maxila. Conclusão: Tanto os lasers de alta e de baixa potência são boas opções para os Cirurgiões-Dentistas, principalmente os Odontopediatras, pois promove uma boa recuperação, um maior conforto e aceitabilidade pelo público infantil.
Internamentos por septicemia nas capitais brasileiras, no período de 1999 a 2016 e a sua relação com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano
Authors: Rosário Letícia Aires do , Martins Camila Marinelli , Schwab Juliana Barbosa , Muller Erildo Vicente , Mendes Kamila Mayara Silva , Madruga Bruna Pereira , Borges Wesley , Cabral Luciane Patricia Andreani , Borges Pollyanna Kassia de Oliveira
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: demonstrar a série histórica de internamentos por sepse no Brasil, quais as capitais e regiões mais acometidas, bem como, se essas internações tiveram crescimento, em que proporção ocorreram e qual a relação com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico de série temporal com dados dos internamentos por septicemia nas capitais brasileiras de 1999 a 2016, obtidos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Ministério da Saúde (SIH) e IDH das mesmas no período. Foram calculados os indicadores de internamentos para a metade de cada triênio do período obtido. Modelos de regressão linear e de Poisson foram realizados para verificar a tendência temporal e coeficientes de correlação de Pearson ou Spearman para correlação com o IDH. Resultados: houve aumento significativo de internamentos em algumas capitais, tais como: Boa Vista, Maceió, Porto Velho e Rio de Janeiro, e decréscimo em Campo Grande e Goiânia. A maior média de internamentos ocorreu em Porto Velho com 26.443,7 e a menor média em Teresina 171,3. Os coeficientes de correlação entre o total de internamentos e o IDH de cada capital registraram correlação positiva e significativa para Belo Horizonte, Boa Vista, São Paulo e Vitória. Conclusão: os internamentos por sepse tiveram mais acréscimos que decréscimos e a correlação com o IDH mostrou que quanto maior o IDH, maior fica o índice de internamentos, sugerindo que com taxas maiores desse IDH, torna-se possível fornecer uma estrutura adequada e um melhor desempenho no reconhecimento e desfecho da sepse.
Barras de cereais formuladas com bagaço de malte, maçã e Spirulina platensis: atividade antioxidante e efeito antiglicêmico
Authors: Farago Crislaine Vieira , Melo Grasiele Beloni de , Escher Graziela Bragueto , Marcon Márcia Viviane , Granato Daniel , Danesi Eliane Dalva Godoy
Published: May 2021

Em face da crescente incidência de diabetes se faz necessário desenvolver alimentos práticos que contenham menos carboidratos disponíveis e/ou nutrientes que apresentem efeito positivo sobre a glicemia pós prandial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do bagaço de malte (BSG) em diferentes proporções e granulometrias, e a adição de Spirulina platensis na elaboração de barras de cereais com maçã desidratada. Através da análise da composição proximal, propriedades físicas e sensoriais, verificou-se que a adição de BSG (1.44 e 1.09 mm) proporcionou aumento na concentração de fibras alimentares totais, proteínas e cinzas nas barras de cereais. O índice de aceitabilidade foi superior a 70% para as formulações que continham maior percentual de maçã desidratada. Na sequência, foram avaliadas a atividade antioxidante in vitro, a resposta glicêmica (RG), o índice glicêmico (IG) e carga glicêmica (CG) in vivo de barras de cereais com bagaço de malte e maçã desidratada (G), barras de cereais com S. platensis (SP) comparando com barra de cereal comercial (BC). A SP apresentou maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos (124,28 ± 10,67 mg GAE/ 100 g), além de 22.47±0.39 g/ 100gde fibras alimentares que auxiliaram na redução da resposta glicêmica.
Neurofibroma intraósseo versus schwannoma, importância do diagnóstico diferencial histológico no diagnóstico definitivo: Relato de caso
Authors: Silva André Gustavo Góes da , Genú Paloma Rodrigues , Cardoso Antônio Jorge Orestes , Neves Riedel Frota Sá Nogueira , Soares Cauê Fontan , Lima Júnior Miquéias Oliveira de
Published: May 2021

As neoplasias de origem neurais representam 8% e 12% de todas as neoplasias de tecidos moles malignas e benignas, respectivamente. Nesse conjunto estão inseridos os tumores da bainha do nervo periférico (TBNP), um grupo relativamente raro de doenças que são classificadas de acordo com as características específicas de diferenciação, componentes celulares e matriz extracelular. Neurofibroma e schwannoma são exemplos de lesões pertencentes a esse grupo. O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar um caso clínico de uma paciente, sexo feminino, 60 anos de idade, diagnosticada com lesão central na região de corpo mandibular direito. A lesão foi descoberta após exame de rotina para reabilitação protética e, após biopsia incisional, obteve-se diagnóstico inicial de schwannoma. O tratamento proposto foi uma ressecção marginal, por meio da instalação de placa de reconstrução de 2,4mm e enucleação da lesão. Uma biopsia excisional foi então solicitada onde se obteve como diagnóstico final neurofibroma. A paciente apresentou resposta satisfatória ao tratamento, sem sinais de recidiva. Embora o diagnóstico decisivo de neurofibroma seja baseado em achados histológicos, lesões como schwannoma devem ser incluídas como diagnóstico diferencial histológico, o que pode dificultar o diagnóstico definitivo. Nesse sentido, características peculiares do schwannoma e neurofibroma, seus comportamentos imunoistoquímicos e suas semelhanças são necessários para traçar suas repercussões no estabelecimento do diagnóstico. Ainda que não haja diferença no tratamento, tais lesões podem estar associadas a síndromes diferentes, o que torna necessária sua diferenciação final, especificamente para os casos em que haja dúvida.
Stresses in lithium disilicate crowns and zirconia implants in patients with bruxism: An in silico study
Authors: Patricio Marina Denardi , Caldas Ricardo Armini , Miranda Milton Edson , Olivieri Karina Andrea Novaes , Brandt Willian Cunha , Vitti Rafael Pino
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze by finite element analysis the influence of the use occlusal splints in rehabilitation with zirconia implant under oblique and vertical masticatory loads. Four models were developed to simulate a clinical of absence of a premolar (element 45) replaced by zirconia implant and lithium disilicate crown. Four groups were created, SP-V without occlusal splint and vertical load; CP-V with occlusal splint and vertical load; SP-O without occlusal splint and oblique load; CP-O with occlusal splint and oblique load. The four models were built using a software (SolidWorks, SolidWorks Corporation). A load of 300N to 45º (oblique) and 90º (vertical) applied to the long axis of the whole structure. The maximum principal stress (tensile) and minimum principal stress (compression), as well as the total deformation in the implant, occlusal splint, crown and bone tissue were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. The CP-V and CP-O groups presented the lowest stress intensities, which were homogeneously distributed in all structures analyzed. On other hand, SP-V and SP-O groups presented highest stress distributed in a heterogeneous way. Groups with occlusal splint (CP-V and CP-O) also showed lower deformation than groups without occlusal splint (SP-V and SP-O). It´s concluded the use of occlusal splint minimizes the stresses and deformation promoted by oblique and vertical occlusal loads of up 300N in implanted lithium disilicate crown supported by zirconia implants.
Panorama epidemiológico da sífilis congênita no Brasil e regiões brasileiras: análise dos últimos e dos próximos dez anos
Authors: Serra Ivan Cerqueira , Gomes Lara Lorrayne Freitas , Avena Katia de Miranda
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo objetivou analisar o panorama da Sífilis Congênita (SC) no Brasil e regiões, na última e próxima década. Trata-se de estudo ecológico dos anos de 2009-2018, realizado pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, analisando variáveis maternas, fetais e coeficiente de mortalidade (CM). Registrou-se 158.951 casos de SC no Brasil, principalmente no Sudeste (43,0%) e Nordeste (30,4%), entre mulheres de 20-29 anos (52,5%), de baixa escolaridade (24,2%), que realizaram pré-natal (78,6%) e com parceiros não tratados (60,2%). Na próxima década projeta-se aumento exponencial de SC, entretanto com redução do CM. Evidenciou-se maior incidência de SC entre recém-nascidos de mulheres jovens, de baixa escolaridade, diagnosticadas no pré-natal. A SC recente na maioria desses recém-nascidos sugere tratamento inadequado da mulher e parceiro. Estimativas apontam a sífilis como problema de saúde pública persistente, refletindo baixos investimentos na atenção primária e deficiências no pré-natal.
National geospatial data infrastructure of Ukraine in the world dimension: state and urgent tasks of development and sustainable functioning
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, KARPINSKYI Yu. , LYASHCHENKO A. ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, MAKARENKO D. ,   Research Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, CHERIN A. ,   Research Institute of Geodesy and Cartography
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper is to summarize world experience and trends in the development of geospatial data infrastructure (SDI) in developed countries, assess the state of formation of the national geospatial data infrastructure (NSDI) in Ukraine, identify key problems and tasks to ensure its sustainable development and functioning. Methodology. Monographic method for processing scientific publications, regulations, standards and other materials for the creation of NSDI. The assessment of the state of formation of the NSDI in Ukraine was made according to the indicators that were determined by the UN Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM). Results. The key principles, architecture and roles of producers, holders and users of data of three generations SDIs, observed in the evolution of SDIs in developed countries, are determined. Periodization of the main initiatives and projects in 1992–2020, concerning the formation of NSDI in Ukraine. The overall assessment of the state of NSDI in Ukraine according to UN-GGIM indicators at the time of the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On National Geospatial Data Infrastructure” (2020) is 0.39, which corresponds to the rating of countries with a “geospatial gap”. The biggest challenges were identified in the areas of governance and institutional support, financial support, production and updating of data, ability and education, communication and partnership. The basic architecture, the composition of geoinformation services of the NSDI geoportals of Ukraine and the means of achieving interoperability of NSDI components based on the implementation of the national profile of geographic information standards harmonized with the international standards of the ISO 19100 series and the technical specifications of the Open Geospatial Consortium have been substantiated. Scientific novelty. Assessment of the state of formation of NSDI in Ukraine according to UN-GGIM indicators, substantiation of directions and technological models of ensuring interoperability of NSDI components taking into account the conditions of Ukraine. Practical significance. The key problems and urgent tasks of NSDI development in Ukraine are identified, the sequence of stages of its development is substantiated by the priority implementation of the basic network of infrastructure geoportals for access to existing geospatial data with the gradual provision of their interoperability and consistency based on the use of the unified set of basic geospatial data and the implementation of the national profile of geoinformation standards.
Rationale for a geodesic monitoring system using a variable length rail
Authors:   Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture, NALIVAYKO Tar. , NALIVAYKO Tet. ,   Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture, KAZACHENKO D. ,   Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture
Published: May 2021

The purpose of improvement of the accepted geodetic decisions concerning the program of geodetic monitoring of highrise buildings of a difficult design taking into account conditions of the increased danger of a construction site Method. Execution of geodetic observations of subsidence of a multi-storey building under the condition of joint use of invar rail and rail of variable length according to the leveling program of the first class. Comparative observations of the displacement of the structure using a high-precision optical theodolite and an electronic total station. Results. Improved methods and geodetic accessories for determining the plan-height deformations of buildings erected in difficult geological conditions. . Scientific novelty. Search and collection of initial information, analysis of normative documentation on the organization of geodetic monitoring of deformation of engineering structures are carried out. Methods for determining the deformations of engineering structures are analyzed. The advantages of class I geodetic observations with the help of accurate optical geodetic instruments over other methods are proved. Comparative studies of the accuracy of a modern electronic total station and a high-precision optical theodolite were performed in the field. The planned and height dynamics of deformation processes of building structures during the construction period and at the initial stage of operation are determined. A comparative analysis of the results of determining the deposition of the pile field by methods of loading piles with hydraulic jacks and the load from the actual mass of the aboveground part of the house. It is established that the largest deformations of the structure occur at the initial stage of construction and gradually fade after its completion. The calculation of the accuracy of geodetic works with the joint use of traditional invar rails and rails of new design. Practical value. The organization and conduct of geodetic works to monitor the deformation processes of multi-storey buildings on the developed technology of precision leveling contributes to the timely establishment of maximum allowable values of deformation, risk prevention, to preserve the safety of residential complexes under difficult geological conditions. A new design of the leveling rail and a leveling technique with the simultaneous use of a standard invar rail and developed by the authors have been developed. Improved method of linear-angular measurements for monitoring the planned deformations of buildings.
Recent Trends in the Development of Bone Regenerative Biomaterials
Authors: Tang Guoke , Liu Zhiqin , Liu Yi , Yu Jiangming , Wang Xing , Tan Zhihong , Ye Xiaojian
Published: May 2021

The goal of a biomaterial is to support the bone tissue regeneration process at the defect site and eventually degrade in situ and get replaced with the newly generated bone tissue. Biomaterials that enhance bone regeneration have a wealth of potential clinical applications from the treatment of non-union fractures to spinal fusion. The use of bone regenerative biomaterials from bioceramics and polymeric components to support bone cell and tissue growth is a longstanding area of interest. Recently, various forms of bone repair materials such as hydrogel, nanofiber scaffolds, and 3D printing composite scaffolds are emerging. Current challenges include the engineering of biomaterials that can match both the mechanical and biological context of bone tissue matrix and support the vascularization of large tissue constructs. Biomaterials with new levels of biofunctionality that attempt to recreate nanoscale topographical, biofactor, and gene delivery cues from the extracellular environment are emerging as interesting candidate bone regenerative biomaterials. This review has been sculptured around a case-by-case basis of current research that is being undertaken in the field of bone regeneration engineering. We will highlight the current progress in the development of physicochemical properties and applications of bone defect repair materials and their perspectives in bone regeneration.
Nitric Oxide and Electrophilic Cyclopentenone Prostaglandins in Redox signaling, Regulation of Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Intercellular Communication
Authors: Bago Ángel , Íñiguez Miguel A. , Serrador Juan M.
Published: May 2021

Nitric oxide (NO) and electrophilic cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPG) are local mediators that modulate cellular response to oxidative stress in different pathophysiological processes. In particular, there is increasing evidence about their functional role during inflammation and immune responses. Although the mechanistic details about their relationship and functional interactions are still far from resolved, NO and CyPG share the ability to promote redox-based post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins that play key roles in cellular homeostasis, signal transduction and transcription. NO-induced S-nitrosylation and S-glutathionylation as well as cyclopentenone-mediated adduct formation, are a few of the main PTMs by which intra- and inter-cellular signaling are regulated. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that actin and actin-binding proteins are susceptible to covalent PTM by these agents. It is well known that the actin cytoskeleton is key for the establishment of interactions among leukocytes, endothelial and muscle cells, enabling cellular activation and migration. In this review we analyze the current knowledge about the actions exerted by NO and CyPG electrophilic lipids on the regulation of actin dynamics and cytoskeleton organization, and discuss some open questions regarding their functional relevance in the regulation of intercellular communication.
Lower Number of Teeth Is Related to Higher Risks for ACVD and Death—Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Survival Data
Authors: Beukers Nicky G. F. M. , Su Naichuan , Loos Bruno G. , van der Heijden Geert J. M. G.
Published: May 2021

Tooth loss reflects the endpoint of two major dental diseases: dental caries and periodontitis. These comprise 2% of the global burden of human diseases. A lower number of teeth has been associated with various systemic diseases, in particular, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVD). The aim was to summarize the evidence of tooth loss related to the risk for ACVD or death. Cohort studies with prospective follow-up data were retrieved from Medline-PubMed and EMBASE. Following the PRISMA guidelines, two reviewers independently selected articles, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data on the number of teeth (tooth loss; exposure) and ACVD-related events and all-cause mortality (ACM) (outcome). A total of 75 articles were included of which 44 were qualified for meta-analysis. A lower number of teeth was related to a higher outcome risk; the pooled risk ratio (RR) for the cumulative incidence of ACVD ranged from 1.69 to 2.93, and for the cumulative incidence of ACM, the RR ranged from 1.76 to 2.27. The pooled multiple adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the incidence density of ACVD ranged from 1.02 to 1.21, and for the incidence density of ACM, the HR ranged from 1.02 to 1.30. This systematic review and meta-analyses of survival data show that a lower number of teeth is a risk factor for both ACVD and death. Health care professionals should use this information to inform their patients and increase awareness on the importance of good dental health and increase efforts to prevent tooth loss.
Impact of Natural and Anthropogenic Stresses on Surface and Groundwater Supply Sources of the Upper Awash Sub-Basin, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Birhanu Behailu , Kebede Seifu , Charles Katrina , Taye Meron , Atlaw Ayele , Birhane Michael
Published: May 2021

Improving water security is critical to delivering the best outcomes for development. In Ethiopia, the upper Awash sub-basin supports expanding urban and industrial areas, with increasing water demands. Studies have preferentially focused either on surface water hydrology or on groundwater characterization. However, novel tools are required to support the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater for competing users under potential climate change impacts. In this paper, we present research based on a WEAP-MODFLOW link configured for four catchments in the upper Awash sub-basin (Akaki, Melka Kunture, Mojo, and Koka). The Akaki catchment supplies water for Addis Ababa city. Unlike most surface water hydrological models, both supply (surface water and groundwater) and demand (domestic, industrial, and livestock) are modeled. The tool was used to evaluate the impacts of population growth, leakage, expansion of surface and groundwater supply schemes, and climate change scenarios up to the year 2030. Considering the high population growth rate scenario for Addis Ababa city, the unmet domestic water demand may increase to 760 MCM in 2030. Water leakage through poor water supply distribution networks contributed about 23% of the unmet water demand. Though not significant compared with population and water loss stresses, climate change also affect the supply demand condition in the basin. Planning for more groundwater abstraction without considering additional surface water reservoir schemes will noticeably impact the groundwater resource, with groundwater levels projected to decline by more than 20 m. Even more groundwater level decline is observed In the Akaki catchment, where Addis Ababa city is located. Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater not only boosts the supply demand situation in the basin but will lift off some of the stresses from the groundwater resources. Even under the likely increase in temperature and low precipitation climate scenarios, the conjunctive use resulted in a significant increase in domestic water demand coverage from 26% for the reference condition to 90% in 2030, with minimum effect on the groundwater resources. To improve water security conditions through sustainable utilization of both surface and groundwater resources, policy responses need to consider surface and groundwater conjunctive use. Minimizing water leakage should also be given the highest priority.
Administrative Leadership in Times of a Global Health Crisis: Voices and Images From the Field
Authors: DeMartino Linsay , Weiser S. Gavin
Published: May 2021

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic took the world into crisis. We saw the virus alter a multitude of spheres worldwide, including our healthcare, economies, politics, social processes, and education. In fact, the impact of COVID-19 on educational administration took our leaders into forced emergency measures. Our study aims to better understand the experiences of educational administrators under crisis to ascertain what might be learned on how educational institutions may better respond to the crisis in the future. These stories were collected from educational leaders, both from K-12 and higher education, throughout the United States. In brief, this article is framed in the theory and literature associated with the complexity of leading in times of crisis. We explore the resiliency of leadership forged in crisis and the rethinking of administrative as administration as a caring and trustful acts. Our research began as a hermeneutic phenomenological interview study, but transitions into a two-round project, where after the first interview, participants were invited to share some images that typify and speak to the experiences being educational administrators during this time. We are engaged in sensitive topics that are ongoing and changing. Moreover, throughout, we are asking for images that speak to their experiences. Across both K-12 and higher education, our results indicated varied responses, from immediate to delayed administrative action. However, albeit they looked contextually different, there are clear indications the participants valued continuous, transparent communication, authentic caring, trust, and agency. In our discussion, we elaborate on the distinction between what the institutional response was as compared to what was valued by our educational leaders. Finally, as a contribution to the field, we seek to provide guidance for future administrators in crisis based on our own experiences and the recommendations provided by our educational leaders.
Effects of Early Cumulus Cell Removal on Treatment Outcomes in Patients Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kong Pengcheng , Yin Mingru , Tang Chuanling , Zhu Xiuxian , Bukulmez Orhan , Chen Miaoxin , Teng Xiaoming
Published: May 2021

Background

Early cumulus cell removal combined with early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been widely practiced in many in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers in China in order to avoid total fertilization failure. However, uncertainty remains whether the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes are associated with early cumulus cell removal.

Objectives

To investigate if early cumulus cell removal alone after 4 hours co-incubation of gametes (4 h group), has detrimental effect on the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in patients undergoing IVF, through a comparison with conventional cumulus cell removal after 20 hours of insemination (20 h group).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 1784 patients who underwent their first fresh cleavage stage embryo transfer at the Centre for Assisted Reproduction of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital from June 2016 to December 2018 (4 h group, n=570; 20 h group, n=1214). A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the independent association between early cumulus cell removal and pregnancy outcomes after adjustment for potential confounders. The neonatal outcomes between the two groups were compared.

Results

When compared with the 20 h group, the 4 h group had similar pregnancy outcomes, including rates for biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, live birth. There were 1073 infants delivered after embryo transfer (4 h group, n=337; 20 h group, n=736). Outcomes in both groups were similar for both singleton and twin gestations, including preterm birth rate and very preterm birth rate, mean birth weight, mean gestational age, sex ratio at birth and rate of congenital birth defects. In addition, findings pertaining to singleton gestations were also similar in the two groups for Z-scores (gestational age- and sex-adjusted birth weight), rates of small for gestational age, very small for gestational age, large for gestational age and very large for gestational age infants.

Conclusions

In this study early cumulus cell removal alone was not associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. From this perspective, early cumulus cell removal to assess for a potential early rescue ICSI is therefore considered to be a safe option in patients undergoing IVF.
TrainSel: An R Package for Selection of Training Populations
Authors: Akdemir Deniz , Rio Simon , Isidro y Sánchez Julio
Published: May 2021

A major barrier to the wider use of supervised learning in emerging applications, such as genomic selection, is the lack of sufficient and representative labeled data to train prediction models. The amount and quality of labeled training data in many applications is usually limited and therefore careful selection of the training examples to be labeled can be useful for improving the accuracies in predictive learning tasks. In this paper, we present an R package, TrainSel, which provides flexible, efficient, and easy-to-use tools that can be used for the selection of training populations (STP). We illustrate its use, performance, and potentials in four different supervised learning applications within and outside of the plant breeding area.
Distinct Associations of BMI and Fatty Acids With DNA Methylation in Fasting and Postprandial States in Men
Authors: Pescador-Tapia Azucena , Silva-Martínez Guillermo A. , Fragoso-Bargas Nicolás , Rodríguez-Ríos Dalia , Esteller Manel , Moran Sebastian , Zaina Silvio , Lund Gertrud
Published: May 2021

We have previously shown that blood global DNA methylation (DNAm) differs between postprandial state (PS) and fasting state (FS) and is associated with BMI and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (negatively and positively, respectively) in 12 metabolically healthy adult Mexican men (AMM cohort) equally distributed among conventional BMI classes. Here, we detailed those associations at CpG dinucleotide level by exploiting the Infinium methylation EPIC array (Illumina). We sought differentially methylated CpG (dmCpG) that were (1) associated with BMI (BMI-dmCpG) and/or fatty acids (FA) (FA-dmCpG) in FS or PS and (2) different across FS and PS within a BMI class. BMI-dmCpG and FA-dmCpG were more numerous in FS compared to PS and largely prandial state-specific. For saturated and monounsaturated FA, dmCpG overlap was higher across than within the respective saturation group. Several BMI- and FA-dmCpG mapped to genes involved in metabolic disease and in some cases matched published experimental data sets. Notably, SETDB1 and MTHFS promoter dmCpG could explain the previously observed associations between global DNAm, PUFA content, and BMI in FS. Surprisingly, overlap between BMI-dmCpG and FA-dmCpG was limited and the respective dmCpG were differentially distributed across functional genomic elements. BMI-dmCpG showed the highest overlap with dmCpG of the saturated FA palmitate, monounsaturated C20:1 and PUFA C20:2. Of these, selected promoter BMI-dmCpG showed opposite associations with palmitate compared to C20:1 and C20:2. As for the comparison between FS and PS within BMI classes, dmCpG were strikingly more abundant and variably methylated in overweight relative to normoweight or obese subjects (∼70–139-fold, respectively). Overweight-associated dmCpG-hosting genes were significantly enriched in targets for E47, SREBP1, and RREB1 transcription factors, which are known players in obesity and lipid homeostasis, but none overlapped with BMI-dmCpG. We show for the first time that the association of BMI and FA with methylation of disease-related genes is distinct in FS and PS and that limited overlap exists between BMI- and FA-dmCpG within and across prandial states. Our study also identifies a transcriptional regulation circuitry in overweight that might contribute to adaptation to that condition or to transition to obesity. Further work is necessary to define the pathophysiological implications of these findings.
TIGIT and PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Pathways Are Associated With Patient Outcome and Anti-Tumor Immunity in Glioblastoma
Authors: Raphael Itay , Kumar Rajeev , McCarl Lauren H. , Shoger Karsen , Wang Lin , Sandlesh Poorva , Sneiderman Chaim T. , Allen Jordan , Zhai Shuyan , Campagna Marissa Lynn , Foster Alexandra , Bruno Tullia C. , Agnihotri Sameer , Hu Baoli , Castro Brandyn A. , Lieberman Frank S. , Broniscer Alberto , Diaz Aaron A. , Amankulor Nduka M. , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Pollack Ian F. , Kohanbash Gary
Published: May 2021

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an aggressive brain tumor with a high rate of mortality. Immune checkpoint (IC) molecules are expressed on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and promote T cell exhaustion upon binding to IC ligands expressed by the tumor cells. Interfering with IC pathways with immunotherapy has promoted reactivation of anti-tumor immunity and led to success in several malignancies. However, IC inhibitors have achieved limited success in GBM patients, suggesting that other checkpoint molecules may be involved with suppressing TIL responses. Numerous IC pathways have been described, with current testing of inhibitors underway in multiple clinical trials. Identification of the most promising checkpoint pathways may be useful to guide the future trials for GBM. Here, we analyzed the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) transcriptomic database and identified PD1 and TIGIT as top putative targets for GBM immunotherapy. Additionally, dual blockade of PD1 and TIGIT improved survival and augmented CD8+ TIL accumulation and functions in a murine GBM model compared with either single agent alone. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this combination immunotherapy affected granulocytic/polymorphonuclear (PMN) myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) but not monocytic (Mo) MDSCs in in our murine gliomas. Importantly, we showed that suppressive myeloid cells express PD1, PD-L1, and TIGIT-ligands in human GBM tissue, and demonstrated that antigen specific T cell proliferation that is inhibited by immunosuppressive myeloid cells can be restored by TIGIT/PD1 blockade. Our data provide new insights into mechanisms of GBM αPD1/αTIGIT immunotherapy.
Immunomodulation of T Helper Cells by Tumor Microenvironment in Oral Cancer Is Associated With CCR8 Expression and Rapid Membrane Vitamin D Signaling Pathway
Authors: Fraga Marco , Yáñez Milly , Sherman Macarena , Llerena Faryd , Hernandez Mauricio , Nourdin Guillermo , Álvarez Francisco , Urrizola Joaquín , Rivera César , Lamperti Liliana , Nova Lorena , Castro Silvia , Zambrano Omar , Cifuentes Alejandro , Campos León , Moya Sergio , Pastor Juan , Nuñez Marcelo , Gatica Jorge , Figueroa Jorge , Zúñiga Felipe , Salomón Carlos , Cerda Gustavo , Puentes Ricardo , Labarca Gonzalo , Vidal Mabel , McGregor Reuben , Nova-Lamperti Estefania
Published: May 2021

The immune system plays a key role in the protective response against oral cancer; however, the tumor microenvironment (TME) impairs this anti-cancer response by modulating T helper (Th) responses and promoting an anti-inflammatory environment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th2 effector cells (Teff) are associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the main immunomodulatory mechanisms associated with the enrichment of these subsets in OSCC remain unknown. We characterized Th-like lineages in Tregs and Teff and evaluated immunomodulatory changes induced by the TME in OSCC. Our phenotypic data revealed a higher distribution of tumour-infiltrating CCR8+ and Th2-like Treg in OSCC compared with non-malignant samples, whereas the percentages of Th1 cells were reduced in cancer. We then analyzed the direct effect of the TME by exposing T cell subsets to cancer secretomes and observed the OSCC secretome induced CCR8 expression and reduced cytokine production from both subsets. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the co-culture with OSCC secretome induced several gene changes associated with the vitamin D (VitD) signaling pathway in T cells. In addition, proteomic analysis identified the presence of several proteins associated with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by rapid membrane VitD signaling and a reduced presence of the VitD binding protein. Thus, we analyzed the effect of VitD and PGE2 and observed that VitD promotes a regulatory Th2-like response with CCR8 expression whilst PGE2 also modulated CCR8 but inhibited cytokine production in combination with VitD. Finally, we evaluated the presence of CCR8 ligand in OSCC and observed increased chemokine CCL18, which was also able to upregulate CCR8 in activated Th cells. Overall, our data showed the immunomodulatory changes induced by the TME involving CCR8 expression and regulatory Th2 phenotypes, which are associated with PGE2 mediated VitD signaling pathway and CCL18 expression in OSCC.
Hypoxia Supports Differentiation of Terminally Exhausted CD8 T Cells
Authors: Bannoud Nadia , Dalotto-Moreno Tomás , Kindgard Lucía , García Pablo A. , Blidner Ada G. , Mariño Karina V. , Rabinovich Gabriel A. , Croci Diego O.
Published: May 2021

Hypoxia, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression have been proposed to be interrelated events that fuel tumor progression and impair the clinical effectiveness of anti-tumor therapies. Here we present new mechanistic data highlighting the role of hypoxia in fine-tuning CD8 T cell exhaustion in vitro, in an attempt to reconcile seemingly opposite evidence regarding the impact of hypoxia on functional features of exhausted CD8 T cells. Focusing on the recently characterized terminally-differentiated and progenitor exhausted CD8 T cells, we found that both hypoxia and its regulated mediator, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, promote the differentiation of PD-1+ TIM-3+ CXCR5+ terminally exhausted-like CD8 T cells at the expense of PD-1+ TIM-3- progenitor-like subsets without affecting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ production or granzyme B (GZMB) expression by these subpopulations. Interestingly, hypoxia accentuated the proangiogenic secretory profile in exhausted CD8 T cells. VEGF-A was the main factor differentially secreted by exhausted CD8 T cells under hypoxic conditions. In this sense, we found that VEGF-A contributes to generation of terminally exhausted CD8 T cells during in vitro differentiation. Altogether, our findings highlight the reciprocal regulation between hypoxia, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression, providing a rational basis to optimize synergistic combinations of antiangiogenic and immunotherapeutic strategies, with the overarching goal of improving the efficacy of these treatments.
2,2’4,4’-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (PBDE-47) Modulates the Intracellular miRNA Profile, sEV Biogenesis and Their miRNA Cargo Exacerbating the LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in THP-1 Macrophages
Authors: Longo Valeria , Longo Alessandra , Adamo Giorgia , Fiannaca Antonino , Picciotto Sabrina , La Paglia Laura , Romancino Daniele , La Rosa Massimo , Urso Alfonso , Cibella Fabio , Bongiovanni Antonella , Colombo Paolo
Published: May 2021

The 2,2’4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) is one of the most prominent PBDE congeners detected in the environment and in animal and human tissues. Animal model experiments suggested the occurrence of PBDE-induced immunotoxicity leading to different outcomes and recently we demonstrated that this substance can impair macrophage and basophil activities. In this manuscript, we decided to further examine the effects induced by PBDE-47 treatment on innate immune response by looking at the intracellular expression profile of miRNAs as well as the biogenesis, cargo content and activity of human M(LPS) macrophage cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Microarray and in silico analysis demonstrated that PBDE-47 can induce some epigenetic effects in M(LPS) THP-1 cells modulating the expression of a set of intracellular miRNAs involved in biological pathways regulating the expression of estrogen-mediated signaling and immune responses with particular reference to M1/M2 differentiation. In addition to the cell-intrinsic modulation of intracellular miRNAs, we demonstrated that PBDE-47 could also interfere with the biogenesis of sEVs increasing their number and selecting a de novo population of sEVs. Moreover, PBDE-47 induced the overload of specific immune related miRNAs in PBDE-47 derived sEVs. Finally, culture experiments with naïve M(LPS) macrophages demonstrated that purified PBDE-47 derived sEVs can modulate macrophage immune response exacerbating the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response inducing the overexpression of the IL-6 and the MMP9 genes. Data from this study demonstrated that PBDE-47 can perturb the innate immune response at different levels modulating the intracellular expression of miRNAs but also interfering with the biogenesis, cargo content and functional activity of M(LPS) macrophage cell-derived sEVs.
Global Oceanic Eddy Identification: A Deep Learning Method From Argo Profiles and Altimetry Data
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Chen Ge , Ge Linyao , Huang Baoxiang , Cao Chuanchuan
Published: May 2021

The inadequate spatial resolution of altimeter results in low identification efficiency of oceanic eddies, especially for small-scale eddies. It is well known that eddies can not only induce sea surface signal but more importantly have typical vertical structure characteristics. However, although the vertical structure characteristics are usually used for statistical analysis, they are seldom considered in the process of eddy recognition. This study is devoted to identifying eddies from the perspective of their vertical signal derived from the 18-year Argo data. Due to the irregular and noisy profile pattern, the direct identification of eddy core from Argo profile is deemed to be a challenge. With the popularity of artificial intelligence, a new hybrid method that combines the advantages of convolutional neural network (CNN) with extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) is proposed to extract the representative vertical feature and identify eddy from a profile. First, CNN is employed as a feature extractor to automatically obtain vertical features from the input profile at the bottom of the network. Second, the obtained high-dimensional feature vectors are inputted into the XGBoost model, combined with other profile features for classifying profiles that are outside altimeter-identified eddies (Alt eddy). Finally, extensive experiments are implemented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. The results show that the classification accuracy of CNN-XGBoost model can reach 98%, and about 36% eddies are recaptured. These eddies, dubbed CNN-XGB eddies, are benchmarked against Alt eddies for the vertical structure and geographical distribution, demonstrating a similar or even stronger vertical signal and a prominent eddy belt in the tropical ocean. Within the proposed theory framework, there are various potentials to obtain a better outlook for eddy identification and in situ float observations.
Feasibility of an Interactive Coaching App to Enhance Post-concussion Outpatient Care
Authors: Curran Dorothyann , Lauzon Julia , Quon Deanna , Marshall Shawn
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of patients to use a web-based health app for management of post-concussion (mTBI) symptoms in an out-patient setting.

Participants: Seven (7) patients who were referred to an outpatient specialist clinic (physiatry) with persisting symptoms following a concussion. Participants had to be 18 years of age or older and more than 3 months post injury.

Design: This was a prospective cohort study using a web-based platform for chronic disease management to guide patients in managing symptoms based on individual clinical recommendations. Each patient received weekly Symptom Management Plans created by a health coach and a physician specialist, designed to reinforce positive progress with clinical recommendations.

Main Measures: Adherence to tracking daily recommendations and symptoms (data collected through the web-interface), The Rivermead Post-Concussion Questionnaire (self report) and a Satisfaction Questionnaire (self report).

Results: Adherence to assigned clinical recommendations was close to 100%. Pre-post results on the patient reported outcome measure (Rivermead Post Concussion Tool) showed improvement for most patients in their experience of symptoms. The Satisfaction Questionnaire showed high rates of satisfaction with the App and the intervention in general.

Conclusions: Use of a web-based health app with a health coach is feasible in this patient population from both the patient and clinician perspective based on high adherence. There is also some evidence of improvement of symptoms with this intervention over time. Further exploration of the use of this type of intervention with post-concussion patients could potentially impact long-term outcomes.