bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electron tunneling properties of Al2O3 tunnel barrier made using atomic layer deposition in multilayer devices
Authors: Goul Ryan , Wilt Jamie , Acharya Jagaran , Liu Bo , Ewing Dan , Casper Matthew , Stramel Alex , Elliot Alan , Wu Judy Z.
Published: February 2019

As metal/insulator/metal tunnel junctions (MIMTJs), such as magnetic tunnel junctions and Josephson tunnel junctions, push the insulating tunnel barrier (TB) towards the ultrathin regime (<1 nm) defects inherent in current physical vapor deposition methods become a fundamental obstacle to create pinhole-free and defect-free MIMTJs. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) could offer a solution by providing a conformal, leak-free tunnel barrier with low defect density and atomic thickness as demonstrated recently in ALD Al2O3 tunnel barriers. A question arises on the viability of the ALD TBs in practical circuits of multilayer structures on which increased roughness may occur. To answer this question, this work investigates electron tunneling properties of ALD Al2O3 tunnel barriers of 1.1 –1.2 Å in thickness on half-cell MIMTJs of Al/Fe/Nb fabricated on multilayer structures of different surface roughness using in situ scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Remarkably, the tunnel barriers grown on the raised multilayer device analogue only show a moderate decrease in barrier height from 1.63 eV, to 1.51 eV and to 1.27 eV as the surface roughness increases from 0.9 nm to 2.3 nm, and to 15 nm, alongside a slight decrease in ALD coverage from ∼96%, to ∼93% and 84% on these samples. Overall, these results validate the ALD TBs of atomic thickness for future 3D arrays of devices.
Structural changes in nanoparticle-hydrogel composites at very low filler concentrations
Authors: Levin Maayan , Sonn-Segev Adar , Roichman Yael
Published: February 2019

We study the enhancement of the stiffness of two families of hydrogels (polyacrylamide, PAAm, and polydimethylacrylamide, PDMA) due to the additions of very small amounts of silica nanofillers. It is well established that high concentrations of silica nanoparticles enhance the toughness of both hydrogel types, but significantly more for the PDMA based gels that adsorb readily to silica surfaces. In order to decouple the structural changes in the gels that stem either from polymerization kinetics or from the interactions between nanofillers and polymers, we use a photoinitiator for the polymerization of the composite gels that promotes the structural homogeneity of the hydrogels. We characterize both the mechanical and structural properties of the composite hydrogels as a function of nanofiller concentration, by calculating the single particle diffusion of inert polystyrene tracer particles of three different sizes. In agreement with previous experiments, we find that silica nanoparticles increase the stiffness of PAAm gels more than expected for passive fillers. Surprisingly, we find that a small addition of silica nanoparticles during gel polymerization to PDMA based hydrogels softens them. We attribute this effect to an increase of the average mesh size of the gel, allowing particles of 0.49 μm in diameter to diffuse normally through the gel, but restricting the motion of larger particles. A further increase in silica nanoparticle concentration results in the expected stiffening of the gel. PDMA based composites with a large mean pore size, as reported here, may find applications in particle separation and gentle fixation of microorganisms and cells.
Effective protocol for realizing contamination-free X-ray reflective optics
Authors: Ohashi Haruhiko , Senba Yasunori , Kotani Yoshinori , Miura Takanori , Kishimoto Hikaru , Koyama Takahisa
Published: February 2019

The surface contamination of reflective X-ray optics has long been a serious problem that degrades beam quality. We evaluated the total organic content at the surface by gas chromatography to clarify the source of contamination. We found that various materials that can become contamination sources are used around the optical elements. After covering the optics with cleaned materials and applying synchrotron radiation cleaning during commissioning, the observed reflected intensity at the beamline has not reduced for 2.5 years.
Fano interferences of electromagnetic modes in dielectric nanoblock dimers
Authors: Yang Zhong-Jian , Zhao Qian , He Jun
Published: February 2019

The optical properties of a dielectric dimer consisting of two parallel identical nanoblocks are theoretically investigated. Each dielectric nanoblock has a magnetic dipole mode and a broad electric dipole mode, when the polarization of the plane wave excitation is along the long axis of the nanoblock. The two modes are spectrally overlapped. In such a dimer, the magnetic fields associated with the magnetic dipole modes on the two nanoblocks will rotate and form a subradiant mode. Multipole decomposition calculations show that the subradiant mode is induced by the spatial combination of the magnetic fields of a magnetic quadrupole mode and a toroidal dipole mode. The electric field associated with the subradiant mode undergoes destructive Fano interference with that of a broad electric dipole mode and results in a pronounced Fano dip on the scattering spectrum of the dimer. The Fano resonance varies with the distance between the two nanoblocks and the size of each nanoblock. The case with the polarization along the short axis of each nanoblock is also considered. Fano interference between a subradiant mode and a radiant electric mode can also appear in this configuration. But here the subradiant mode corresponds to the combined magnetic quadrupole and toroidal dipole modes on each nanoblock. Our study reveals complex electromagnetic interactions in simple dielectric nanostructures and could find applications in dielectric photonic devices.
Simple and accurate model of fracture toughness of solids
Authors: Niu Haiyang , Niu Shiwei , Oganov Artem R.
Published: February 2019

Fracture toughness KIC plays an important role in materials design. Along with numerous experimental methods to measure the fracture toughness of materials, its understanding and theoretical prediction are very important. However, theoretical prediction of fracture toughness is challenging. By investigating the correlation between fracture toughness and the elastic properties of materials, we have constructed a fracture toughness model for covalent and ionic crystals. Furthermore, by introducing an enhancement factor, which is determined by the density of states at the Fermi level and atomic electronegativities, we have constructed a universal model of fracture toughness for covalent and ionic crystals, metals, and intermetallics. The predicted fracture toughnesses are in good agreement with experimental values for a series of materials. All the ingredients of the proposed model of fracture toughness can be obtained from first-principles calculations or from experiments, which makes it suitable for practical applications.
Modeling micro-heterogeneity in mixtures: The role of many body correlations
Authors: Baptista Anthony , Perera Aurélien
Published: February 2019

A two-component interaction model is introduced herein, which allows us to describe macroscopic miscibility with various modes of tunable micro-segregation, ranging from phase separation to micro-segregation, and is in excellent agreement with structural quantities obtained from simulations and the liquid state hypernetted-chain like integral equation theory. The model is based on the conjecture that the many-body correlation bridge function term in the closure relation can be divided into one part representing the segregation effects, which are modeled herein, and the usual part representing random many body fluctuations. Furthermore, the model allows us to fully neglect these second contributions, thus increasing the agreement between the simulations and the theory. The analysis of the retained part of the many body correlations gives important clues about how to model the many body bridge functions for more realistic systems exhibiting micro-segregation, such as aqueous mixtures.
Schrödinger formalism for a particle constrained to a surface in R13
Authors: Teixeira Renato , Leandro Eduardo S. G. , da Silva Luiz C. B. , Moraes Fernando
Published: February 2019

In this work, the Schrödinger equation is studied for a non-relativistic particle restricted to move on a surface S in a three-dimensional Minkowskian medium R13, i.e., the space R3 equipped with the metric diag(−1, 1, 1). After establishing the consistency of the interpretative postulates for the new Schrödinger equation, namely, the conservation of probability and the hermiticity of the new Hamiltonian built out of the Laplacian in R13, we investigate the confining potential formalism in the new effective geometry. Like in the well-known Euclidean case, a geometry-induced potential acting on the dynamics VS=−ℏ22mεH2−K is found which, besides the usual dependence on the mean (H) and Gaussian (K) curvatures of the surface, has the remarkable feature of dependence on the signature of the induced metric of the surface: ε = +1, if the signature is (−, +), and ε = 1, if the signature is (+, +). Applications to surfaces of revolution in R13 are examined, and we provide examples, where the Schrödinger equation is exactly solvable, as well as possible impacts in optics. It is hoped that our formalism will prove useful in the modeling of novel materials such as hyperbolic metamaterials, which are characterized by a hyperbolic dispersion relation, in contrast to the usual spherical (elliptic) dispersion typically found in conventional materials.
Correlation between the infiltration behaviors and nanoporous structures of silica gel/liquid energy absorption system
Authors: Deng Xiaobin , Wang Xueru , Liu Xiaofei , Zhao Wei , Li Ximeng , Liu Yilun , Chen Xi
Published: February 2019

In this study, a silica gel/liquid nanoporous energy absorption system (NEAS) is developed and its infiltration behaviors are experimentally studied. The relation between the compressive pressure and volume of the silica gel/liquid NEAS is theoretically derived by assuming the accumulative infiltration of liquid to silica gel from large pores to small pores under quasi-static compression, which agrees with the experimental results very well. Besides, the infiltration behaviors of silica gel/liquid NEAS can be further tuned by sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration and the infiltration pressure increases almost linearly with NaCl concentration. This work is the first study to quantitatively correlate the compressive pressure and nanoporous structures of silica gel during infiltration. The results presented herein show that not only the infiltration pressure of silica gel/liquid NEAS can be adjusted by NaCl concentration, but also the compressive pressure-volume curve can be tuned by the distribution of the size of the nanopore in silica gel, which may be beneficial for some applications of NEAS with special requirements of stress-strain relation, such as personal protection, vibration absorber, and volume memory materials.
Discharge and metallic plasma generation characteristics of an insulated anode with a micropore
Authors: Tian Jia , Liu Wenzheng , Gao Yongjie , Zhao Luxiang
Published: February 2019

An insulated-anode electrode structure with a micropore (IAESM) is proposed in this paper. The aim of this study is to examine the effect that the micropore structure has on the discharge characteristics and plasma generation characteristics of the electrode in pulsed vacuum discharge. In this study, currents flowing through the cathode and the anode of the discharge electrode are simultaneously measured by two identical Rogowski coils, and plasma density and the plasma propagation speed are measured by using an improved Langmuir probe method. First, the differences in discharge characteristics and plasma generation characteristics among the IAESM and two known electrode structures, the non-insulated-anode electrode structure (NIAES) and the insulated-anode electrode structure (IAES), were compared and analyzed. Then, based on the IAESM, the effect of the micropore size on discharge characteristics and plasma generation characteristics is discussed. The results show that the IAESM discharge current flowed through the cathode with the same amplitude as in the NIAES, and the peak plasma density and the plasma propagation speed were significantly larger. The data obtained from Langmuir probes indicate that when the cross-sectional area of the micropore was reduced from 0.60 mm2 to 0.04 mm2, the peak plasma density and the plasma propagation speed are increased by 2.30 times and 2.56 times, respectively.
Visual investigation of viscous cross-flow during foam injection in a matrix-fracture system
Authors: Khoshkalam Y. , Khosravi M. , Rostami B.
Published: February 2019

A micromodel setup has been implemented to visualize foam propagation into the matrix and recovery of the matrix’s fluid. For simplicity, the experiments have been conducted in the absence of oleic phase; however, the achievements of this study can significantly affect the knowledge of foam flow in fractured reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery processes. New qualitative descriptions have been presented in terms of viscous cross-flow using well designed experiments and discussions. The effect of viscous cross-flow on the recovery of the matrix’s fluid has been evidenced via a mechanistic study based on the comparison of the recovery variation versus the foam quality, injection rate, and injectant type. Meanwhile, generation and coalescence mechanisms have been investigated. The results of these experiments demonstrate that a convective viscous cross-flow orthogonal to the direction of the mainstream (flow direction in the fracture) has been generated during foam injection that can significantly recover the bypassed fluid. In addition, it has been shown that foam invasion within the matrix controls the amount of ultimate recovery factor and is proportional to the foam viscosity in the fracture. Furthermore, the amount of recovery of the bypassed fluid increases as the foam quality increases. However, increasing the total injection rate causes a decrease in fluid recovery due to shear thinning behavior of foam.
A setup for extreme-ultraviolet ultrafast angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy at 50-kHz repetition rate
Authors: Buss Jan Heye , Wang He , Xu Yiming , Maklar Julian , Joucken Frederic , Zeng Lingkun , Stoll Sebastian , Jozwiak Chris , Pepper John , Chuang Yi-De , Denlinger Jonathan D. , Hussain Zahid , Lanzara Alessandra , Kaindl Robert A.
Published: February 2019

Time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (trARPES) is a powerful method to track the ultrafast dynamics of quasiparticles and electronic bands in energy and momentum space. We present a setup for trARPES with 22.3 eV extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond pulses at 50-kHz repetition rate, which enables fast data acquisition and access to dynamics across momentum space with high sensitivity. The design and operation of the XUV beamline, pump-probe setup, and ultra-high vacuum endstation are described in detail. By characterizing the effect of space-charge broadening, we determine an ultimate source-limited energy resolution of 60 meV, with typically 80–100 meV obtained at 1–2 × 1010 photons/s probe flux on the sample. The instrument capabilities are demonstrated via both equilibrium and time-resolved ARPES studies of transition-metal dichalcogenides. The 50-kHz repetition rate enables sensitive measurements of quasiparticles at low excitation fluences in semiconducting MoSe2, with an instrumental time resolution of 65 fs. Moreover, photo-induced phase transitions can be driven with the available pump fluence, as shown by charge density wave melting in 1T-TiSe2. The high repetition-rate setup thus provides a versatile platform for sensitive XUV trARPES, from quenching of electronic phases down to the perturbative limit.
Kinetics of the γ–δ phase transition in energetic nitramine-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine
Authors: Bowlan P. , Henson B. F. , Smilowitz L. , Levitas V. I. , Suvorova N. , Oschwald D.
Published: February 2019

The solid, secondary explosive nitramine-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7 or HMX has four different stable polymorphs which have different molecular conformations, crystalline structures, and densities, making structural phase transitions between these nontrivial. Previous studies of the kinetics of the β–δ HMX structural transition found this to happen by a nucleation and growth mechanism, where growth was governed by the heat of fusion, or melting, even though the phase transition temperature is more than 100 K below the melting point. A theory known as virtual melting could easily justify this since the large volume difference in the two phases creates a strain at their interface that can lower the melting point to the phase transition temperature through a relaxation of the elastic energy. To learn more about structural phase transitions in organic crystalline solids and virtual melting, here we use time-resolved X-ray diffraction to study another structural phase transition in HMX, γ–δ. Again, second order kinetics are observed which fit to the same nucleation and growth model associated with growth by melting even though the volume change in this transition is too small to lower the melting point by interfacial strain. To account for this, we present a more general model illustrating that melting over a very thin layer at the interface between the two phases reduces the total interfacial energy and is therefore thermodynamically favorable and can drive the structural phase transition in the absence of large volume changes. Our work supports the idea that virtual melting may be a more generally applicable mechanism for structural phase transitions in organic crystalline solids.
Acoustoelectric amplification of Rayleigh waves in low sheet density AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on sapphire
Authors: Ghosh Siddhartha , Hollis Mark A. , Molnar Richard J.
Published: February 2019

This letter demonstrates amplification of surface acoustic waves through the application of dc electric fields in low sheet density heterostructures of AlxGa1−xN barrier layers over GaN grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on a sapphire substrate. The use of the GaN material offers a convenient platform to study acoustoelectric (AE) effects, due to its piezoelectricity and the ability to support a two-dimensional electron gas at the interface with the barrier. In this work, low Al molar fractions (between 6% and 10%) in the barrier layer are investigated to tune the sheet resistivity, which is a key aspect to realizing appreciable AE gains. Rayleigh waves in GaN at 920 MHz exhibit non-reciprocity (defined as the contrast in the peak amplitude of the amplified forward traveling wave and the attenuated reverse traveling wave) of up to 6.5 dB/mm under the influence of dc bias fields applied to a 24 nm Al0.07Ga0.93N barrier over GaN on sapphire. Gain dependence on the sheet resistance is also observed, consistent with the AE effect. This work demonstrates an approach to counteract acoustic propagation losses in GaN, which can be implemented in long delay lines for RF signal processing, in addition to other applications.
Aggregation and sedimentation of active Brownian particles at constant affinity
Authors: Fischer Andreas , Chatterjee Arkya , Speck Thomas
Published: February 2019

We study the motility-induced phase separation of active particles driven through the interconversion of two chemical species controlled by ideal reservoirs (chemostats). As a consequence, the propulsion speed is non-constant and depends on the actual inter-particle forces, enhancing the positive feedback between increased density and reduced motility that is responsible for the observed inhomogeneous density. For hard discs, we find that this effect is negligible and that the phase separation is controlled by the average propulsion speed. For soft particles and large propulsion speeds, however, we predict an observable impact on the collective behavior. We briefly comment on the reentrant behavior found for soft discs. Finally, we study the influence of non-constant propulsion on the sedimentation profile of non-interacting active particles.
Thermionic emission in gold nanoparticles under femtosecond laser irradiation observed with photoemission electron microscopy
Authors: Li Bochao , Yang Chang , Li Hao , Ji Boyu , Lin Jingquan , Tomie Toshihisa
Published: February 2019

This study reports that thermionic emission can dominate over multi-photon ionization in gold nanoparticles under femtosecond laser irradiation. The brightness of individual particles observed with photoemission electron microscopy increased steeply for laser power above 200 mW, which is reproduced well by the Richardson–Dushman equation. The temperature estimated by fitting the equation is about 1 eV. This high temperature suggests that the laser is absorbed by defects. The difference in brightness among the nanoparticles as large as a few orders of magnitude is attributed to variation in the defect density. The particles having a similar temperature despite exhibiting largely varying brightness levels can be explained by slow energy transfer from the defects to the ambient electron gas. Discussions for interpreting the observed results suggest that thermionic emission can be a useful diagnostic tool for characterizing nanoparticles.
Local anisotropy of laboratory two-dimensional turbulence affects pair dispersion
Authors: Xia H. , Francois N. , Faber B. , Punzmann H. , Shats M.
Published: February 2019

Experimental investigation of particle pair separation is conducted in two types of laboratory two-dimensional turbulence under a broad range of experimental conditions. In the range of scales corresponding to the inverse energy cascade inertial interval, the particle pair separation exhibits diffusive behaviour. The analysis of the pair velocity correlations suggests the existence of coherent bundles or clusters of non-diverging fluid particles. Such bundles are also detected using a recently developed topological tool based on the concept of braids. The bundles are observed as meandering streams whose width is determined by the turbulence forcing scale. In such locally anisotropic turbulence, the particle pair dispersion depends on the initial particle separation and on the width of the bundles.
Safety factor for time-dependent axisymmetric flows of barotropic gas and ideal incompressible fluid
Authors: Bogoyavlenskij Oleg
Published: February 2019

The safety factor q(r, z, t) is proved to be a material conservation law for the time-dependent axisymmetric barotropic compressible gas flows and ideal incompressible fluid flows with constant density ρ. Infinite families of conserved quantities connected with the safety factor are derived. The existence of maximal vortex rings and vortex blobs which are frozen into the axisymmetric inviscid gas and fluid flows is demonstrated. A stratification in the space of ideal gas and fluid flows is obtained: if two axisymmetric states of the barotropic gas or fluid with constant density ρ are dynamically connected, then their total numbers of vortex rings must be equal (the same for the total numbers of vortex blobs) and the infinitely many corresponding conserved quantities must coincide.
Multiple parameter dynamic photoresponse microscopy for data-intensive optoelectronic measurements of van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Arp Trevor B. , Gabor Nathaniel M.
Published: February 2019

Quantum devices made from van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures of two dimensional (2D) materials may herald a new frontier in designer materials that exhibit novel electronic properties and unusual electronic phases. However, due to the complexity of layered atomic structures and the physics that emerges, experimental realization of devices with tailored physical properties will require comprehensive measurements across a large domain of material and device parameters. Such multi-parameter measurements require new strategies that combine data-intensive techniques—often applied in astronomy and high energy physics—with the experimental tools of solid state physics and materials science. We discuss the challenges of comprehensive experimental science and present a technique, called Multi-Parameter Dynamic Photoresponse Microscopy (MPDPM), which utilizes ultrafast lasers, diffraction limited scanning beam optics, and hardware automation to characterize the photoresponse of 2D heterostructures in a time efficient manner. Using comprehensive methods on vdW heterostructures results in large and complicated data sets; in the case of MPDPM, we measure a large set of images requiring advanced image analysis to extract the underlying physics. We discuss how to approach such data sets in general and in the specific case of a graphene–boron nitride–graphite heterostructure photocell.
Topological states in chiral active matter: Dynamic blue phases and active half-skyrmions
Authors: Metselaar Luuk , Doostmohammadi Amin , Yeomans Julia M.
Published: February 2019

We numerically study the dynamics of two-dimensional blue phases in active chiral liquid crystals. We show that introducing contractile activity results in stabilised blue phases, while small extensile activity generates ordered but dynamic blue phases characterised by coherently moving half-skyrmions and disclinations. Increasing extensile activity above a threshold leads to the dissociation of the half-skyrmions and active turbulence. We further analyse isolated active half-skyrmions in an isotropic background and compare the activity-induced velocity fields in simulations to an analytical prediction of the flow. Finally, we show that confining an active blue phase can give rise to a system-wide circulation, in which half-skyrmions and disclinations rotate together.
Forest Trees of Australia
Authors: Boland DJ , Brooker MIH , Chippendale GM , Hall N , Hyland BPM , Johnston RD , Kleinig DA , McDonald MW , Turner JD
Published: February 2019

Forest Trees of Australia is the essential reference for observing, identifying and obtaining information on the native trees in this country. It describes and illustrates over 300 of our most important indigenous trees, which have been carefully selected for their environmental significance, their importance to the timber industry, or their prominence in our landscape.
This new and thoroughly revised edition has been fully updated throughout and includes treatments of 72 additional species. New maps and photographs show us a wonderfully diverse range of forests, from mangrove swamps, tropical regions and deserts, to alpine areas and majestic stands of temperate forests. A colour section illustrates some of the major forest types of Australia and bark from a diverse range of species.
Forest Trees of Australia is an unsurpassed guide to identification for horticulturists, botanists, foresters, students, farmers, environmentalists and all those who are interested in our native trees.
Tree Hollows and Wildlife Conservation in Australia
Authors: Gibbons Philip , Lindenmayer David
Published: February 2019

More than 300 species of Australian native animals — mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians — use tree hollows, but there has never been a complete inventory of them. Many of these species are threatened, or are in decline, because of land-use practices such as grazing, timber production and firewood collection.
All forest management agencies in Australia attempt to reduce the impact of logging on hollow-dependent fauna, but the nature of our eucalypt forests presents a considerable challenge. In some cases, tree hollows suitable for vertebrate fauna may take up to 250 years to develop, which makes recruiting and perpetuating this resource very difficult within the typical cycle of human-induced disturbance regimes.
Tree Hollows and Wildlife Conservation in Australia is the first comprehensive account of the hollow-dependent fauna of Australia and introduces a considerable amount of new data on this subject. It not only presents a review and analysis of the literature, but also provides practical approaches for land management.
Introduced Mammals of the World
Authors: Long John L
Published: February 2019

Winner in the Scholarly Reference section of the 2004 Australian Awards for Excellence in Educational Publishing.
Introduced Mammals of the World provides a concise and extensive source of information on the range of introductions of mammals conducted by humans, and an indication as to which have resulted in adverse outcomes. It provides a very valuable tool by which scientists can assess future potential introductions (or re-introductions) to avoid costly mistakes. It also provides tangible proof of the need for political decision makers to consider good advice and make wise and cautious decisions. Introduced Mammals of the World also provides a comprehensive reference to students of ecological systems management and biological conservation.
This book is a companion volume to Introduced Birds of the World, by the same author, published in 1981, and which remains the premier text of its kind in the world more than twenty years after it was published. Introduced Mammals of the World provides the most comprehensive account of the movement of mammals around the world providing details on the date(s) of introduction, the person/agency responsible, the source populations, the location(s) of release, the fate of the introductions, and the impact if known, for over 300 species of mammal.
Zygaenid Moths of Australia
Authors: Tarmann Gerhard M
Published: February 2019

The Zygaenidae are a family of day-flying moths with an unusual biology – they are capable of releasing prussic (hydrocyanic) acid. All Australian species belong to the subfamily Procridinae (commonly known as foresters) and many of these feature iridescent green colours or a wasp-like look. This is the first study of the Australian fauna of these attractive and biologically interesting moths.
In this volume their beauty is captured larger-than-life in 114 finely detailed portraits by acclaimed artist František Gregor, setting a new benchmark for moth illustrations. Comprehensive general chapters discuss zygaenid morphology, biology, phylogeny and classification, with considerable new information of world-wide relevance.
The book then provides in-depth treatments of the 10 genera and 43 species present in Australia, including 4 genera and 21 species new to science. It features keys to genera and species, photos of genitalia of both sexes and other diagnostic structures, and distribution maps for all species. Additionally, there are 8 pages of colour photographs and over 400 photos of microscopic structures, including more than a hundred spectacular scanning electron micrographs.
WSUD Engineering Procedures: Stormwater
Authors:   Melbourne Water
Published: February 2019

Managing the urban water cycle needs to be underpinned by key sustainability principles of water consumption, water recycling, waste minimisation and environmental protection. The integration of urban water cycle management with urban planning and design is known as Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD).
One of the key elements of WSUD is the management of urban stormwater, both as a resource and for the protection of receiving water ecosystems. This requires strategic planning and concept designs that are underpinned by sound engineering practices in design and construction.
For each of these methods the manual provides design and maintenance procedures, typical drawings, design checklists, landscape requirements, worked examples and case studies. Additional work sheets and appendices are provided on a CD-ROM which accompanies the manual.
Complete Field Guide to Butterflies of Australia
Authors: Braby Michael F
Published: February 2019

This is the first complete field guide to all butterfly species on Australia’s mainland and its remote islands.
Written by one of Australia's leading lepidopterists, it is stunningly illustrated with colour photographs of each of the 416 currently identified species. There is also a distribution map for each species on the Australian mainland.
It covers the five major family groups: Hesperiidae, Paplionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae, as well as the family Riodinidae, which has but a single species in Australia.
The introduction covers adult structure, classification, distribution and habitats, and life cycle and behaviour. This is followed by accounts of each of the 416 species, giving common name, scientific name, and other names (if any), as well as details of behaviour, habitat, status, and larval food plants. Accompanying each species is a distribution map, and photographs of the upperside and underside of both male and female specimens.
The book also contains a checklist of all species, a list of entomological contacts, a glossary, a bibliography, an index of common names and an index of scientific names.
Managing Arsenic in the Environment
Authors: Naidu Ravi , Smith Euan , Owens Gary , Bhattacharya Prosun , Nadebaum Peter
Published: February 2019

Arsenic is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic elements in the environment. This book brings together the current knowledge on arsenic contamination worldwide, reviewing the field, highlighting common themes and pointing to key areas needing future research.
Contributions discuss methods for accurate identification and quantification of individual arsenic species in a range of environmental and biological matrices and give an overview of the environmental chemistry of arsenic. Next, chapters deal with the dynamics of arsenic in groundwater and aspects of arsenic in soils and plants, including plant uptake studies, effects on crop quality and yield, and the corresponding food chain and human health issues associated with these exposure pathways. These concerns are coupled with the challenge to develop efficient, cost effective risk management and remediation strategies: recent technological advances are described and assessed, including the use of adsorbants, photo-oxidation, bioremediation and electrokinetic remediation.
The book concludes with eleven detailed regional perspectives of the extent and severity of arsenic contamination from around the world. It will be invaluable for arsenic researchers as well as environmental scientists and environmental chemists, toxicologists, medical scientists, and statutory authorities seeking an in-depth view of the issues surrounding this toxin.
GM Crops
Authors: Thomson Jennifer
Published: February 2019

Genetically modified crops – are they monsters of nature or could they provide answers to some of our most pressing environmental concerns? Will they create superweeds, run amock and change life as we know it, or are these fears greatly exaggerated?
Internationally respected microbiologist Jennifer Thomson takes us through the issues and concerns surrounding the development of genetically modified crops and their impacts on the environment. She explains how such crops are developed and assessed and discusses the likelihood of negative effects on biodiversity, pollen spread, and organic farming. GM crops may have tremendous potential for addressing some of the world’s environmental problems and protecting the planet, particularly in developing countries – in fact we could face more harm if some of these technologies are not adopted.
Guidelines for Surveying Soil and Land Resources
Authors: McKenzie NJ , Grundy MJ , Webster R , Ringrose-Voase AJ
Published: February 2019

Guidelines for Surveying Soil and Land Resources promotes the development and implementation of consistent methods and standards for conducting soil and land resource surveys in Australia. These surveys are primarily field operations that aim to identify, describe, map and evaluate the various kinds of soil or land resources in specific areas.
The advent of geographic information systems, global positioning systems, airborne gamma radiometric remote sensing, digital terrain analysis, simulation modelling, efficient statistical analysis and internet-based delivery of information has dramatically changed the scene in the past two decades. As successor to the Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbook: Guidelines for Conducting Surveys, this authoritative guide incorporates these new methods and techniques for supporting natural resource management.
Soil and land resource surveyors, engineering and environmental consultants, commissioners of surveys and funding agencies will benefit from the practical information provided on how best to use the new technologies that have been developed, as will professionals in the spatial sciences such as geomorphology, ecology and hydrology.
Albatrosses
Authors: Lindsey Terence
Published: February 2019

Most albatrosses range across the Southern Hemisphere from Antarctica to Australia and from South Africa to South America. The ferocious air encircling Antarctica is an impossible place for almost all non-aquatic animals, but not for the albatross.
The most distinctive characteristic of albatrosses is that they ride storms. They do not evade storms, or flee them, but climb aboard and ride them – effectively throughout their lives. Aside from a few close relatives among the petrels and shearwaters, they are the only animals that do this.
Albatrosses outlines the life histories of these spectacular birds, and explores some of the main strategies that have evolved to enable them to achieve mastery of one of the most hostile regions on the planet. Complemented by stunning photographs taken from remote locations, this book will be treasured by natural history and bird enthusiasts.
Mound-builders
Authors: Jones Darryl , Goth Ann
Published: February 2019

Mound-builders are unique in being the only birds that do not incubate their eggs using body heat; rather, a variety of naturally occurring sources of heat is exploited such as solar energy and the heat generated by decomposing organic matter. This book shows how this remarkable adaptation influences every part of these birds’ lives, including the development of the embryo, the parentless life of the hatchlings, their social organisation and their survival.
Twenty-two species of mound-builders exist within the Megapode family. Mound-builders examines the three occurring in Australia: the Scrubfowl in the humid tropics; the Brush turkey in dense forested areas from Cape York to Sydney; and most remarkable of all, the Malleefowl in the arid interior.
Scientific interest in these birds has increased considerably in recent decades, and Mound-builders summarises many significant discoveries. With a strong emphasis on conservation and changing interactions between mound-builders and people, this is an excellent introduction to one of the most unusual bird families.
Complete Field Guide to Stick and Leaf Insects of Australia
Authors: Brock Paul D , Hasenpusch Jack W
Published: February 2019

Australia has a rich diversity of phasmids – otherwise known as stick and leaf insects. Most of them are endemic, few have been studied and new species continue to be found. Stick insects are, by far, Australia’s longest insects – some of them reach up to 300 mm in body length, or more than half a metre if you include their outstretched legs. Many stick insects are very colourful, and some have quite elaborate, defensive behaviour. Increasingly they are being kept as pets.
This is the first book on Australian phasmids for nearly 200 years and covers all known stick and leaf insects. It includes photographs of all species, notes on their ecology and biology as well as identification keys suitable for novices or professionals.
Wombats
Authors: Triggs Barbara
Published: February 2019

One of Australia’s most engaging marsupials, the wombat is also one of the most disparaged and least understood. Often depicted as slow, muddle-headed and clumsy, it can, in fact, outpace a human or a dog over a short distance. Wombats are quick to learn and superbly adapted to their burrowing way of life.
This book gives a full account of how wombats live and the many hazards they face. Dealing mainly with the bare-nosed wombat, Vombatus ursinus, it also includes information on the southern hairy-nosed wombat, Lasiorhinus latifrons, as well as the northern hairy-nosed wombat, Lasiorhinus krefftii, which is one of the world’s most endangered animals. The book also gives practical advice on rearing orphan wombats.
Completely revised, this new edition has over 100 illustrations, including 23 colour plates and drawings by Peter Schouten.
Contested Country
Authors: Robinson Cathy , Taylor Bruce
Published: February 2019

In Contested Country, leading researchers in planning, geography, environmental studies and public policy critically review Australia's environmental management under the auspices of the Natural Heritage Trust over the past decade, and identify the challenges that must be met in the national quest for sustainability. It is the first comprehensive, critical examination of the local and regional natural resources management undertaken in Australia, using research sourced from all states as well as the Northern Territory.
It addresses questions such as:
How is accountability to be maintained?
Who is included and who is excluded in decentralised environmental governance?
Does the scale of bottom-up management efforts match the scale of environmental problems?
How is scientific and technical fidelity in environmental management to be maintained when significant activities are devolved to and controlled by local communities?
The book challenges some of the accepted benefits, assumptions and ideologies underpinning regional scaled environmental management, and is a must-read for anyone interested in this field.
Forest Pattern and Ecological Process
Authors: Lindenmayer David
Published: February 2019

Forest Pattern and Ecological Process is a major synthesis of 25 years of intensive research about the montane ash forests of Victoria, which support the world's tallest flowering plants and several of Australia's most high profile threatened and/or endangered species. It draws together major insights based on over 170 published scientific papers and books, offering a previously unrecognised set of perspectives of how forests function.
The book combines key strands of research on wildfires, biodiversity conservation, logging, conservation management, climate change and basic forest ecology and management. It is divided into seven sections: introduction and background; forest cover and the composition of the forest; the structure of the forest; animal occurrence; disturbance regimes; forest management; and overview and future directions.
Illustrated with more than 200 photographs and line drawings, Forest Pattern and Ecological Process is an essential reference for forest researchers, resource managers, conservation and wildlife biologists, ornithologists and mammalogists, policy makers, as well as general readers with interests in wildlife and forests.
2010 Whitley Certificate of Commendation for Zoological Text.
Managing Water for Australia
Authors: Hussey Karen , Dovers Stephen
Published: February 2019

Australian water policy and management are undergoing rapid and immense change in response to drought, technological advances, climate change and demographic and economic shifts. The National Water Initiative and the 2007 Australian Government water policy statements propose a fundamental shift in how Australians will use and manage water in the future.
The implementation of the national water policy presents many challenges – the creation of water rights and markets, comprehensive water planning, new legislative settings, community participation in water management, linking urban and rural water management, and more. Managing Water for Australia brings together leading social sciences researchers and practitioners to identify the major challenges in achieving sustainable water management, to consolidate current knowledge, and to explore knowledge gaps in and opportunities for furthering water reform.
Otoliths of Common Australian Temperate Fish
Authors: Furlani Dianne , Gales Rosemary , Pemberton David
Published: February 2019

The accurate identification of fish ‘ear-bones’, known as otoliths, is essential to determine the fish prey of marine and terrestrial predators. Fish otoliths are species-specific when combining size, shape and surface features, and can remain undigested for long periods. As a result, they can indicate which fish make up the diet of various predators, including cephalopod, seabird, marine mammal and fish species. Such studies are crucial for understanding marine ecosystems, and trophodynamics in particular. Increasingly, these methods are being used to understand the diet of some terrestrial predators, also extending to that of humans in archaelogical studies.
Otoliths of Common Australian Temperate Fish offers users a verified reference collection to assist in the accurate identification of species and size of fish using otoliths. It covers 141 fish species from a broad geographic range of the Australian temperate region and includes commercial and non-commercial fish species. A standardised written description of the otolith structure, size and surface features is provided for each species. Included are brief distribution and ecology notes, and regression for both otolith and fish lengths, together with high-quality SEM photographs of the otolith described.
This guide will be an essential reference for marine scientists and marine mammal researchers; ornithologists, fisheries researchers and fish biologists studying age and growth or comparative anatomy; and archaeologists.
Winner of the 2008 Whitley Award for Zoological Manual.
Effective Ecological Monitoring
Authors: Lindenmayer David B , Likens Gene E
Published: February 2019

Long-term monitoring programs are fundamental to understanding the natural environment and effectively tackling major environmental problems. Yet they are often done very poorly and ineffectively. Effective Ecological Monitoring describes what makes successful and unsuccessful long-term monitoring programs.
Short and to the point, it illustrates key aspects with case studies and examples. It is based on the collective experience of running long-term research and monitoring programs of the two authors – experience which spans more than 70 years.
The book first outlines why long-term monitoring is important, then discusses why long-term monitoring programs often fail. The authors then highlight what makes good and effective monitoring. These good and bad aspects of long-term monitoring programs are further illustrated in the fourth chapter of the book. The final chapter sums up the future of long-term monitoring programs and how to make them better, more effective and better targeted.
Wetland Habitats
Authors: Romanowski Nick
Published: February 2019

Wetland Habitats is a practical and easy to use manual for wetland restoration and conservation of diverse animal species. Covering all the recent work in this field, among other significant issues it discusses making the most of dams and created wetlands; reversing the effects of drainage, grazing, weirs, deteriorating water quality, and associated algal problems; captive breeding and reintroduction; and controlling weeds and vermin.
The book describes a range of potential problems encountered during restoration efforts and approaches to dealing with them, so that readers will be able to make informed decisions about wetlands on their own properties. It also explains how to set realistic targets for wetland restoration as well as longer-term goals for management, and includes colour photographs of diverse wetland habitats and the animals that rely on them.
The examples draw on a wide range of wetland animals including some which aren’t often found in wetlands on private properties, but the primary emphasis is on the ecology, interactions and management of species and other aspects of management that will be of most use to landholders with wetlands in need of rejuvenation.