bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Significance Of Hormone Receptors In Male Breast Cancer
Authors: Hotko Yevhen
Published: September 2020

Background Male mammary glands are usually considered a rudimentary organ. However, they may be exposed to similar pathological influences as female breasts. These pathological influences may cause the development of malignant breast tumors. Breast cancer in males is a rare disease, nevertheless, it is a serious problem. According to numerous national cancer registries from around the world, this disease takes 1% on average in the structure of morbidity of malignant neoplasms of this organ in both sexes. Methods In our study (168 patients) estrogen receptors were positive in the tumors of 75% of patients. The positive rate of progesterone receptors was observed in 44% of patients. The detection rate of steroid hormone receptors in malignant tumors of the male breast ranges from 65 to 100%, depending on the criteria for identifying their positivity level. The hormone therapy in the early and late stages of cancer include antiestrogens, steroid and non-steroid aromatase inhibitors, both as monotherapy and in combination with LHRH-agonists, fulvestrant and other hormonal agents. Results There was no dependence found between the receptor status of the tumors and the age of patients with breast cancer. Breast cancer in men has a more aggressive course than the same disease in women. This means lower survival rate of male patients, greater number of locally advanced and metastatic cases, with delayed primary treatment, and resistance to treatment compared to female breast cancer patients. The incidence of receptor positive tumors in men does not increase with age, as observed in women with breast cancer. Despite numerous reports on the effectiveness of hormone therapy in men with breast cancer, many aspects of this type of therapy remain largely unexplained. Conclusions Hormone therapy appears the most effective in patients with the so-called feminization syndrome, which includes signs of hyperestrogenemia, as well as in patients with multiple unfavorable prognostic signs (stage III of cancer, low differentiation of tumor cells, status of regional lymph nodes N2-3, medium, severe and morbid obesity). Orchiectomy does not increase the survival rate, therefore, its application is impractical.
Bacterial and Fungal Gut Community Dynamics Over the First Five Years of Life in Predominantly Rural Communities in Ghana
Authors: Amenyogbe Nelly Aku , Adu-Gyasi Dennis , Enuameh Yeetey , Asante Kwaku Poku , Konadu Dennis Gyasi , Seyram Kaali , Dosoo David , Panigrahi Pinaki , Kollmann Tobias , Mohn William , Owusu-Agyei Seth
Published: September 2020

BackgroundBacterial and fungal microbiotas are increasingly recognized as important in health and disease starting early in life. However, microbiota composition has not yet been investigated in most rural, low-resource settings, and in such settings, bacterial and fungal microbiotas have not been compared. Thus, we applied 16S and ITS2 amplicon sequencing, respectively, to investigate bacterial and fungal fecal microbiotas in rural Ghanaian children from birth to 5 years of age. Corresponding maternal fecal and breastmilk microbiotas were additionally investigated. ResultsWhile bacterial communities differed systematically across the age spectrum in composition and diversity, the same was not observed for the fungal microbiota. We also identified a novel and dramatic change in the maternal postpartum microbiota. This change included much higher abundance of E. coli and much lower abundance of Prevotella in the first versus fourth week postpartum. While infants shared more bacterial taxa with their mother’s stool and breastmilk than with those of unrelated mothers, there were far fewer shared fungal taxa. ConclusionGiven the known ability of commensal fungi to influence host health, the distinct pattern of their acquisition likely has important health consequences. Similarly, the dynamics of mothers’ bacterial microbiotas around the time of birth may have important consequences for their children’s health. Both topics require further study.
Implementation Research Training for Learners in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Evaluating Behavior Change After Participating in a Massive Online Open Course
Authors: Launois Pascal , Maher Dermot , Certain Edith , Ross Bella , Penkunas Michael J.
Published: September 2020

Background: Implementation research (IR) can play a critical role in the delivery of disease control interventions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The growing demand for IR training has led to the development of a range of training programs and university courses, the majority of which can not be accessed by learners in LMICs. This article reports on the evaluation of a massive open online course (MOOC) developed by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases hosted by the World Health Organization on the topic of IR with a focus on infectious diseases of poverty. This study followed Kirkpatrick’s Model to evaluate training programs with a specific focus on post-training changes in behavior.Methods: MOOC participants were invited to take part in an anonymous online survey examining their IR knowledge and how they applied it in their professional practice approximately 1-1.5 years after completing the MOOC. The survey contained 43 open-ended, multiple choice and Likert-type questions. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the quantitative data and responses to the open-ended questions were thematically coded.Results: A total of 748 MOOC participants responded to the survey. The demographic profile of the survey respondents aligned with that of the MOOC participants, with nearly 70% of respondents originating from Africa. Responses to the quantitative and open-ended survey questions revealed that respondents’ IR knowledge had improved to a large extent as a result of the MOOC, and that they used the knowledge and skills gained in their professional lives frequently. Respondents most often cited changes in their conceptual understanding of IR and understanding of the research process as substantial areas of change influenced by participating in the MOOC.Conclusions: These findings indicate that the MOOC was successful in targeting learners from LMICs, in strengthening their IR knowledge and in contributing to their ability to apply it in their professional practice. The utility of MOOCs for providing IR training to learners in LMICs, where implementation challenges are encountered often, makes this platform an ideal standalone learning tool or one that could be combined with other training formats.
A Long Way Home. Biventricular Impella®, VA-ECMO and Extracorporeal LVAD as Bridge to a Permanent LVAD in Severe Ischemic Cardiogenic Shock: A Case Report
Authors: Sadlonova Monika , Gerecke Birgit , El-Essawi Aschraf , Harnisch Lars-Olav , Moerer Onnen , Meissner Konrad , Jacobshagen Claudius , Baraki Hassina , Kutschka Ingo
Published: September 2020

Background: A severe cardiogenic shock can present with clinical complications such as arrhythmias, ischemia and organ failure and even today is associated with a high mortality. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), Impella® and other mechanical circulatory support systems can reduce the acute circulatory failure. Case presentation: We present the case of a 38-year-old woman with an acute heart failure due to a coronary artery disease who underwent emergency coronary artery bypass grafting and intraoperative implantation of a VA-ECMO. Over the next 4 months, a multidisciplinary team-approach bridged the patient using first a left ventricular (LV) support system (Impella), then additionally a right ventricular (RV) Impella and finally a temporary paracorporeal continuous flow left ventricular support (Rotaflow). Following a promising neurological recovery, a long-term left ventricular assist device (LVAD) was implanted in a bride to transplant (BTT) concept. Conclusions: The addition of LV Impella and RV support by Impella (BiPELLA) on top of VA-ECMO may support survival of patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. In complex biventricular heart failure, an expert center must be able to provide an early multi-modular intervention with elaborated mechanical circulatory support due to a multidisciplinary expertise.
Meningioma Induced by Radiotherapy and a Silicone Foreign Body – Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Siedlecki Zygmunt , Grzanka Dariusz , Nowak Karol , Grzyb Sebastian , Śniegocki Maciej
Published: September 2020

Background: Meningiomas are the most common radiotherapy related brain tumors, their development can also be induced by intracranial foreign bodies like intraventricular drains in mechanism of chronic intracranial inflammation. The authors present casuistic case of intracranial meningioma developed in contact with a silicone intraventricular in patient who had also brain radiotherapy in childhood. In references, there are only two descriptions about meningiomas induced by both radiotherapy and a silicone foreign body.Case presentation: 30-year-old patient with intracranial meningioma was admitted to neurosurgical department with hemiparesis and severe headaches. Shunt was placed 15 years earlier due to hydrocephalus and the patient had also brain radiation therapy at that time. The neurosurgical tumor removal (Simpson I) was achieved by authors. Shunt was removed during tumor resection but it had to be placed again after few days due to hydrocephalus. During ten years follow-up no tumor recurrence was observed and it can be assessed that the prognosis is favorable.Conclusions: Combination of these two factors is extremely rare however such case can be significant advice for oncological patients with shunts systems who had undergone brain radiotherapy.
Effect of Initial Infusion Doses of Fluid Resuscitation on Prognosis in Patients with Septic Shock: A Prospective Multicentre Observational Study
Authors: Chen Qi-hong , Liu Wei-li , Wu Fei , Chen Han-bing , Shao Jun , Zheng Rui-qiang , Wang Hua-ling
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVESThe 2018 Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) recommends rapid administration of 30 ml/kg crystalloid for hypotension or lactate ≥4 mmol/L in patients with septic shock; however, there is no credible evidence to support this recommendation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between initial fluid resuscitation doses and prognosis in patients with septic shock.METHODSThis was a multicentre prospective observational study of adult patients with septic shock admitted to four intensive care units (ICUs) in a total of three Jiangsu province teaching hospitals over a 1-year span from May 8, 2018, to June 31, 2020. All enrolled patients with septic shock were categorized as below 20 ml/kg fluid, 20-30 ml/kg fluid and above 30 ml/kg fluid groups according to initial infusion doses of fluid resuscitation. Various demographic and other variables were collected from medical records. Logistic regression analysis and curve fitting were used to determine the relationship between initial fluid resuscitation and patient outcome.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTSA total of 153 patients who presented to the ICU were diagnosed with septic shock. The 28-day mortality was highest in the fluid above 30 ml/kg group (47.8%) and lowest in the fluid 20-30 ml/kg group (26.5%, P<0.05). Patients who completed 30 ml/kg initial fluid resuscitation between the first 1-2 h had the lowest 28-day mortality rate (25.9%, P<0.05). Logistic regression showed that an initial liquid dose of 20-30 ml/kg was an independent protective factor, with a significant Odds Ratio(OR) or decreased mortality (OR, 0.393; 95% CI, 0.178-0.866; P<0.05). According to the curve fit, the sequential organ failure assessment change value (∆SOFA) was highest for initial fluid resuscitation with 25.7 ml/kg within 1 h, reaching 5.807; the ∆SOFA score reached the maximum value (5.56) when the initial fluid resuscitation of 30 ml/kg was completed in 2.18 hours.CONCLUSIONIn septic shock patients, an initial fluid resuscitation rate of 20-30 ml/kg within the first 1 h or completion of the initial 30 ml/kg fluid resuscitation between the first 1-2 h may be associated with faster organ function recovery and lower 28-day mortality.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-OOC-17013223. Registered 2 November 2017, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=22674
Identification and Validation of Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) Involved in the Progression and Imatinib Resistance of Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Cheng Xiaobin , Wang Jinhai , Lu Sen , Fan Weina , Wang Weilin
Published: September 2020

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a common tumor originating from mesenchyme in the alimentary system. GISTs exhibit unique malignant behavior compared to typical carcinomas. Here, we explored genes that drive the progression and imatinib resistance of GISTs by bioinformatic tools and experiments. Methods: We analyzed gene expression profiles of GISTs and identified a key gene, AURKA, which regulated the progression of GISTs. We further determined the clinical significance of AURKA by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining assays and survival analysis. A series of in vitro experiments were performed to investigate in detail the effect of AURKA on the aggressiveness and imatinib resistance of GIST cells.Results: Our results showed that AURKA was higher in advanced GIST tissues than in non-advanced GIST tissues. AURKA mainly involved in cell cycle related biological processes as revealed by GSEA. AURKA was positively related with GIST progression and could be an independent prognostic marker of GISTs. It was also found to exhibit consistent expression patterns in several human malignancies. Additionally, AURKA influenced gene mutations associated with imatinib resistance. Overexpression of AURKA in GIST cells promoted cell proliferation and apoptosis, even after administration of imatinib. But imatinib significantly inhibited the effects of AURKA overexpression on the migration of GIST cells. Conclusions: Bioinformatics analyses and subsequent experiments identified AURKA as a key gene in GIST progression. AURKA showed a contribution to imatinib resistance and could be a candidate therapeutic target for GISTs.
Tidal Disruption of Magnetars as the Sources of Fast Radio Burst
Authors: Pothula Kushaal Kumar
Published: September 2020

Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are mysterious millisecond duration radio transients, and some FRBs repeat. FRBs are highly polarized, indicating that the source is within a strong magnetic field. I hypothesize their origin as Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) of magnetars by black holes. The TDE releases energy stored in the magnetic field of the magnetar, producing an FRB. Occasionally the magnetar is disrupted into multiple debris chunks, and as individual chunks get consumed, multiple FRBs are produced, forming a repeating FRB. Another process of formation of repeating FRBs is starquakes on magnetars because of tidal forces from black holes. Due to the strong magnetic field of the accretion disk, the FRB is produced in jets. Sometimes the magnetar debris surrounding the magnetic field gets accelerated, producing Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, whose source remains unknown. The FRB signal produced gets polarized by the magnetosphere of the accretion disk and intergalactic magnetic fields.
Dynamic Alterations of Histone H3 Phospho-acetylation Correlate With Radio Sensitivity of Mitotic Cells During DNA Damage
Authors: Sharda Asmita , Verma Tripti , Gadewal Nikhil , Gupta Sanjay
Published: September 2020

Background - Histone Post Translational Modifications (PTMs) change in a cell cycle dependent manner and also orchestrate the DNA repair process for radiation induced DNA damage. Mitosis is the most radiosensitive phase of the cell cycle but the epigenetic events that regulate its radiosensitivity remain elusive.Results - This study explored the dynamics between histone marks H3S10/S28ph, H3K9ac and γH2AX during mitotic DNA damage response. The presence of a mononucleosome level association between γH2AX and H3S10ph was observed only during mitosis. This association was abrogated upon cell cycle progression and chromatin de-condensation, concomitant with chromatin recruitment of DNA repair proteins Ku70 and Rad51. Moreover, the levels of H3S10/28ph remained unchanged upon DNA damage during mitosis, but decreased in a cell cycle dependent manner upon mitotic exit. However, the population that arose after mitotic progression of damaged cells comprised of binucleated tetraploid cells. This population was epigenetically distinct from interphase cells, characterized by reduced H3S10/S28ph, increased H3K9ac and more open chromatin configuration. These epigenetic features correlated with decreased survival potential of this population. The low levels of H3S10/28ph were attributed to decreased protein translation and chromatin recruitment of histone kinase Mitogen and Stress-activated Kinase 1 (MSK1) along with persistent levels of Protein phosphatase1 catalytic subunit α (PP1α). Conclusions – This study suggests that a unique epigenetic landscape attained during and after mitotic DNA damage collectively contributed to mitotic radiosensitivity. The findings of this study have potential clinical significance in terms of tackling resistance against anti-mitotic chemotherapeutic agents.
ON MUSLIM VOTING FOR NON-MUSLIM LEADERS
Authors: Makrum Makrum
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the Quranic perspective on Muslim voting for non-Muslim candidate leader in the election. It discusses the position of non-Muslim in a majority Muslim and democratic Indonesia and serves as a response to contemporary political rallies against the candidacy of non-Muslim. The Jakarta Governor election in 2017 clearly demonstrated how Muslim politics define non-Muslim in democracy. Examining important concepts on leadership, mainly the doctrine of khali>fah, uli al-amr, ima>m, and awliya>’, explained in the Qur’an, this article further argues that this holy scripture has defined criteria of leader for the Muslim. Faith and competencies of leadership candidate serve as main references when Muslim send their vote in the election. In political affairs or nashb al-ima>mah, Muslim is supposed to vote for Muslim candidate while also having obligation to guarantee the fulfillment of civic rights, particularly for non-Muslim.
Gain analysis of high-speed DWDM link with different optical amplification configurations
Authors: Miglani Rajan , Gaba Gurjot Singh , Masud Mehedi , Alroobaea Roobaea
Published: September 2020

Evolution of data-hungry devices has prompted the need for an exclusive communication infrastructure that can cater to the exponential increase in the need for high-speed data access. Since optical fiber links are inherently capable of supporting high-transmission data rates, fiber systems will be an integral part of the larger strategy to provide cost-effective high-speed data access to end users. This paper demonstrates the 100 × 40-Gbps dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)-based 100-km-long fiber link whose performance has been analyzed using various configurations of a hybrid optical amplifier. The performance of the proposed link has been investigated using parameters like gain (dB) and bit error rate (BER). During the analysis, it has been observed that hybrid amplification, i.e., combination semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), and Raman amplifier, delivers overwhelming gain (dB) in comparison to the conventional stand-alone amplifier. Further, it has been seen that among different positional configurations of the amplifier, symmetrically positioned hybrid amplifiers achieved the gain of 18.6 dB, while the SOA link with similar configuration and parameters delivered link gain of merely −2.6 dB. In terms of BER performance, the symmetric hybrid configuration was outstanding with BER of 10−5, while preamplification link BER was merely 10−3, and post amplification being the most undesirable. The proposed link has been designed and investigated using OptiSystemTM 14.2.
Impacto da inovação tecnológica nas indústrias situadas no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Eduardo de , Avellar Ana Paula Macedo de
Published: September 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o impacto da inovação tecnológica (produto e processo) realizada pelas empresas situadas no Brasil, “no produto” e “no processo”. Realizou-se a caracterização das empresas com base em quatro conjuntos de indicadores de impacto (produto e processo), da Pesquisa de Inovação (PINTEC). Efetuou-se separação das empresas por tipo de inovação realizada, formando-se grupos: empresas que realizaram “somente inovação de produto”, “somente inovação de processo” e “inovação de produto e processo” concomitantemente. Os principais resultados mostraram a preferência das empresas em realizar mais de um tipo de inovação simultaneamente (“produto e processo”), por apresentar quantidade de empresas significativamente superior ao das empresas que realizaram “somente inovação de produto” e “somente inovação de processo”; o impacto da inovação se deu principalmente “no produto”, e, em relação ao impacto “no processo”, destaca-se o “aumento da flexibilização da produção” e o “aumento da capacidade produtiva”.
Advanced Symptom Management System for Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (ASyMSmeso): Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Maguire Roma , Connaghan John , Arber Anne , Klepacz Naomi , Blyth Kevin G , McPhelim John , Murray Paul , Rupani Hitasha , Chauhan Anoop , Williams Peter , McNaughton Laura , Woods Kirstie , Moylan Anne
Published: September 2020

Background

Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) have a life-limiting illness and short prognosis and experience many debilitating symptoms from early in the illness. Innovations such as remote symptom monitoring are needed to enable patients to maintain wellbeing and manage symptoms in a proactive and timely manner. The Advanced Symptom Management System (ASyMS) has been successfully used to monitor symptoms associated with cancer.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of using an ASyMS adapted for use by patients with MPM, called ASyMSmeso, enabling the remote monitoring of symptoms using a smartphone.

Methods

This was a convergent mixed methods study using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at key time points over a period of 2-3 months with 18 patients. The Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral for Care (SPARC), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) measure for eHealth, and Lung Cancer Symptom Scale-Mesothelioma (LCSS-Meso) were the PROMs used in the study. Patients were also asked to complete a daily symptom questionnaire on a smartphone throughout the study. At the end of the study, semistructured interviews with 11 health professionals, 8 patients, and 3 carers were conducted to collect their experience with using ASyMSmeso.

Results

Eighteen patients with MPM agreed to participate in the study (33.3% response rate). The completion rates of study PROMs were high (97.2%-100%), and completion rates of the daily symptom questionnaire were also high, at 88.5%. There were no significant changes in quality of life, as measured by LCSS-Meso. There were statistically significant improvements in the SPARC psychological need domain (P=.049) and in the “Usefulness” domain of the TAM (P=.022). End-of-study interviews identified that both patients and clinicians found the system quick and easy to use. For patients, in particular, the system provided reassurance about symptom experience and the feeling of being listened to. The clinicians largely viewed the system as feasible and acceptable, and areas that were mentioned included the early management of symptoms and connectivity between patients and clinicians, leading to enhanced communication.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that remote monitoring and management of symptoms of people with MPM using a mobile phone are feasible and acceptable. The evidence supports future trials using remote symptom monitoring to support patients with MPM at home.
Solving Community SARS-CoV-2 Testing With Telehealth: Development and Implementation for Screening, Evaluation and Testing
Authors: Joshi Aditi U , Lewiss Resa E , Aini Maria , Babula Bracken , Henwood Patricia C
Published: September 2020

Background

Telehealth has emerged as a crucial component of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic emergency response. Simply stated, telehealth is a tool to provide health care from a distance. Jefferson Health has leveraged its acute care telehealth platform to screen, order testing, and manage patients with COVID-19–related concerns.

Objective

This study aims to describe the expansion and results of using a telehealth program to increase access to care while minimizing additional potential exposures during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Screening algorithms for patients with SARS-CoV-2–related complaints were created, and 150 new clinicians were trained within 72 hours to address increased patient demand. Simultaneously, Jefferson Health created mobile testing sites throughout eastern Pennsylvania and the southern New Jersey region. Visit volume, the number of SARS-CoV-2 tests ordered, and the number of positive tests were evaluated, and the volume was compared with preceding time periods.

Results

From March 8, 2020, to April 11, 2020, 4663 patients were screened using telehealth, representing a surge in visit volume. There were 1521 patients sent to mobile testing sites, and they received a telephone call from a centralized call center for results. Of the patients who were tested, nearly 20% (n=301) had a positive result.

Conclusions

Our model demonstrates how using telehealth for a referral to central testing sites can increase access to community-based care, decrease clinician exposure, and minimize the demand for personal protective equipment. The scaling of this innovation may allow health care systems to focus on preparing for and delivering hospital-based care needs.
Pancasila Sebagai Teks Dialog Lintas Agama dalam Perspektif Hans-Georg Gadamer dan Hans Kung
Authors: Latuheru Angel Christy , Lattu Izak Y. M. , Tampake Tony Robert
Published: September 2020

This article addresses Pancasila as a text of interfaith dialogue in Indonesian context. The plurality of Indonesian society bears religious uniqueness in social life together, while conflicts may take place between religious groups. Religious conflicts are caused by attitude of exclusivism, radicalism, fundamentalism of religions and political identity. Pancasila can hold the sense collectivity among Indonesian society to be united. This article employs Gadamer hermeneutic theory in viewing historical texts. History is not something that only happened in the past and is interrupted with the present contexts. The theory of global ethics-Hans Kung, also helps the importance of dialogue with the religious communities to create religious peace. The article concludes that plural and multicultural society must live together in a dialogue circle. Pancasila as the text of interfaith dialogue is always understood as dynamic, open and relevant in the development of religious society in Indonesia. As the national identity, Pancasila has more than one conception as the lighters and guide toward each dialogue strategy that has been undertaken. The values of Pancasilamaintain inclusive religious attitude, respect to human values, and become a solid foundation in maintaining the unity of religious people.
Metafisika Mediasi Teknologis: Kritik Atas Filsafat Teknologi Klasik
Authors: Wahyudi Imam , Mahaswa Rangga Kala
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to propose philosophical criticism toward 'classical' thinking on philosophy of technology. This set of thinking tends to be trapped in the distinction between subject-object and romantic-pessimisms on the existence of technological dominance. The authors objective is to provide comprehensive understanding through contemporary approaches in philosophy concerning technological mediation. The study employs factual historical analysis and philosophical reflection to understand technological mediation patterns. The result maps point of view that develops a metaphysical orientation of technological mediation in terms of several approaches. Postphenomenological approaches technological mediation in a relational and intentional context rather than providing a subject-object distinction. Actor-network theory improves the asymmetrical relation of humans and non-humans. Simondon and Harman provide for ontological analysis of tools and technology in human relationships. Critical theory of technology opens the chance that technological relations are not only neutral-instrumental but have transformative and emancipatory power. Therefore, the technological mediation approach can become a new subject in the metaphysics of technology discourse in overcoming the limitations of the classical philosophy of technology.
Kritik Southern Theory Terhadap Hegemoni ‘Sosiologi Modern’ Amerika di Indonesia
Authors: Sutopo Oki Rahadianto , Utomo Hartmantyo Pradigto
Published: September 2020

Artikel ini mengeksplorasi kritik terhadap ‘sosiologi modern’ Indonesia dengan menggunakan perspektif southern theory dari Raewyn Connell. Secara spesifik kritik termanifestasi melalui empat karakteristik tekstual antara lain the claim of universality, reading from the center, gesture of exclusion dan grand erasure. Selain itu kritik juga dilakukan terhadap karya-karya Soerjono Sukanto sebagai eksponen ‘sosiologi modern’ Indonesia. Artikel ini memiliki dua tujuan: sebagai titik masuk demokratisasi ilmu sosial Indonesia pasca Orde Baru dan membuka dialog teoretis tidak hanya antar negara-negara global selatan namun juga antara negara-negara global selatan dengan negara-negara global utara. Metode yang diterapkan adalah unthinking dari Gennaro Ascione melalui dua strategi, yaitu melacak dan menerapkan konteks historis serta melakukan disarticulating dengan non-logical aksioma dari teori sosiologi modern Indonesia. Terdapat dua temuan dari kritik southern theory terhadap sosiologi modern Indonesia. Pertama, hegemoni modernisasi Amerika menjadi faktor eksternal pembentukan sosiologi modern Indonesia sekaligus secara internal mengintervensi arah  produksi pengetahuan sosiologi pada masa Orde Baru. Kedua, hegemoni modernisasi Amerika melakukan pemaksaan basis ontologi, epistemologi, dan aksiologi pada Indonesia sebagai negara global selatan.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MASS DISTRIBUTION OF STELLAR OBJECTS ON THEIR GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS
Authors: Stephanovich V. A. , Godłowski W. , Biernacka M. , Mrzygłód B.
Published: September 2020

We study the influence of the mass randomness of astronomical objects on the distribution function of their gravitational fields. Based on purely theoretical arguments and on a comparison with extensive data collected from observations and numerical simulations, we show that while mass randomness does not alter the non-Gaussian character of the gravitational field distribution, it does changes the dependencies of mean angular momenta of galaxies and clusters on their richness. The specific form of such dependencies is determined by the interplay of the character of the mass distributions and different assumptions about cluster morphology. We trace the influence of the mass distribution on the time evolution of the angular momenta of stellar objects in CDM and ΛCDM models. Our theoretical predictions are in very good agreement with the statistical results derived both from observational data and numerical simulations.
Factores de riesgo de placenta previa en mujeres embarazadas en un hospital de República Dominicana
Authors: Manosalvas Laura , Hernandez Valerie , Peña Paola , Tapia Leandro , Camilo Angiolina , Díaz-Rodríguez Agustín
Published: September 2020

Introducción: la hemorragia obstétrica es una de las causas de morbilidad y mortalidad materna más común en todo el mundo. La placenta previa es un factor de riesgo importante para la hemorragia obstétrica. El propósito de este estudio es determinar los factores de riesgo relacionados con placenta previa en mujeres embarazadas en Santo Domingo.

Métodos: los casos fueron mujeres cuyos partos fueron complicados con placenta previa y los controles fueron partos sin placenta previa. Se analizaron 16 casos y 76 controles. Se condujo análisis estadístico y se calculó razón de probabilidades (OR).

Resultados: se demostró relación entre placenta previa con antecedente de dos o más abortos con un OR = 5.3; con cesárea previa OR = 3.02, que aumentaba con más de 2 cesáreas con un OR = 5.91, con embarazo ectópico previo y antecedente de placenta previa. Las pacientes con placenta previa y antecedente de cirugía tuvieron un mayor riesgo de requerir una histerectomía. Las mujeres con placenta previa y antecedentes de cesáreas múltiples (2 o más) tuvieron un mayor riesgo de padecer placenta acreta con un OR = 18.

Discusión: nuestro estudio sugiere que abortos múltiples, cesárea previa, múltiples cesáreas anteriores, antecedente de placenta previa y antecedente de embarazo ectópico son factores de riesgo de desarrollar placenta previa.
Editorial
Authors: Morla Elbi
Published: September 2020

No necesita resumen.
Prevalencia de alteraciones en la agudeza visual, discromatopsia y signos y síntomas asociados en una población estudiantil en la comunidad de El Carretón, Peravia, República Dominicana, durante el período octubre-diciembre del año 2019
Authors: Rivera Grullón Rosa Katherine , Hernández Paola , Bisonó Daniel , Loubeau Marie , García Amanda
Published: September 2020

Introducción: la baja agudeza visual es un problema educativo de interés mundial, cuya progresión es evitable con métodos de detección temprana y cooperación activa por parte de los padres y de la institución educativa. El presente estudio tiene como fin definir la cantidad de estudiantes de un centro educativo de El Carretón, Peravia, República Dominicana, que poseen algún tipo de condición que amerite atención oftalmológica especializada, y recalcar la falta de importancia que se le da a la salud oftalmológica en dicha localidad.

Metodología: estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, transversal y observacional en el que se analizó la prevalencia de trastornos de la agudeza visual, discromatopsia y signos y síntomas asociados en una población estudiantil.

Resultados: se puede apreciar que la agudeza visual en el ojo izquierdo fue normal en el 47 % de los casos, siendo mayor que en el ojo derecho (43 %). Los estudiantes de ocho (8) años de edad tuvieron predominancia en las alteraciones de la agudeza visual en ojo derecho, así como los estudiantes de doce (12) años de edad tuvieron predominancia en las alteraciones en el ojo izquierdo. El 77 % del porcentaje que presentó alteración en la agudeza visual tuvo como síntoma más común la cefalea, y un 10 % no presentó signos y síntomas asociados. Se observó que con el agujero estenopeico hubo mayor mejoría de la visión en el ojo derecho, con un 7 % en comparación con el ojo izquierdo, que fue de un 5 %.

Conclusiones: los estudiantes con alteración de la AV presentaron en mayor frecuencia una discapacidad visual leve, tanto en el ojo derecho como en el ojo izquierdo. Los síntomas más asociados a las alteraciones de la vista fueron la cefalea y la visión borrosa. De los signos evaluados, no se evidenció ninguno en la población examinada. Ningún estudiante presentó discromatopsia.

Recomendaciones: realizar campañas de salud pública que enfaticen la importancia de cuidado de los ojos. Involucrar al sistema educativo y a todas las instituciones relacionadas, como aliados en la creación de conciencia sobre la importancia de la identificación de afecciones oculares y el acceso a servicios de atención ocular para estudiantes.
Ele que o abismo viu: a epopeia de Gilgámesh
Authors: Felipe Cleber Vinicius do Amaral
Published: September 2020

Resenha de "SIN-LÉQI-UNNÍNNI. Ele que o abismo viu: epopeia de Gilgamesh. Tradução do acádio, introdução e comentários de Jacyntho Lins Brandão. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica Editora, 2018".
Transamazônica: terra, trabalho e sonhos
Authors: Marçal Braga Magno Michell , Martins de Souza César
Published: September 2020

A rodovia Transamazônica se constituiu em muito mais do que um projeto de integração rodoviária, pois a rodovia era apenas o epicentro de empreendimentos agropecuários e minerais. Neste sentido a oralidade torna-se fonte privilegiada nas reflexões acerca da história recente do país. Ao ouvir as narrativas dos migrantes, bem como mergulhar em jornais e revistas de circulação nacional, discursos oficiais e ensaios do período, fica evidenciado que os migrantes que passaram a ocupar as terras ao longo da rodovia enfrentaram muitas dificuldades, sobretudo ao longo da primeira metade da década de 1970. Corrupção, infraestrutura precária e o meio ambiente foram alguns dos obstáculos. Muitos desistiram e regressaram a seus lugares de origem, mas os que permaneceram foram aos poucos se organizando para se fixar na Amazônia e tornar a região como seu lugar, onde se estabelecem com suas famílias e aprendem a lidar com a nova terra e com a natureza da região.
O futuro do passado no tempo presente: memórias e narrativas amazônicas nas encruzilhadas do tempo
Authors: Cavalcanti Erinaldo Vicente
Published: September 2020

O artigo faz uma reflexão sobre a chamada história do tempo presente no diálogo, com o uso da história oral, por meio dos relatos de memória. Problematiza, em especial, alguns desafios que se apresentam sobre as implicações em narrar certas experiências do passado no presente do nosso tempo. Para tanto, utiliza entrevistas orais produzidas com trabalhadores e trabalhadoras rurais que foram afetados pela experiência da Guerrilha do Araguaia. As reflexões mostram a necessidade de problematizar as relações da história do tempo presente com as demandas sociais — sobretudo nas pesquisas que fazem uso das fontes orais — e apontam que o futuro de certos passados pode estar sob ameaça no presente do nosso tempo.
Memória de imagens de trabalhadores rurais: marchas das Ligas Camponesas, Pernambuco, 1960.
Authors: Porfirio Pablo
Published: September 2020

Este artigo estuda, a partir das fotografias produzidas no início dos anos 1960, as manifestações políticas de trabalhadores rurais, integrantes das Ligas Camponesas, em Pernambuco. Investigamos os itinerários dessas imagens, identificamos e analisamos os discursos e práticas que criminalizavam as ações destes trabalhadores e tentaram soterrar as exposições de suas revoltas, conquistas e comemorações. Concluímos que essas fotografias podem formar uma memória de imagens, um contrapoder, que oferece novas narrativas sobre o Golpe-civil militar de 1964.
Articulações entre História, Ficção e Ensino de História: considerações sobre "Estações Havana", de Leonardo Padura
Authors: Costa Rodrigo de Freitas
Published: September 2020

Este artigo parte da constatação de que a base espistemológica que deu amparo à História Cultural na segunda metade do século XX e que permitiu inúmeras discussões e considerações sobre o conhecimento histórico tem muito a oferecer às análises sobre o Ensino de História. Frente a isso, recuperamos a tetralogia Estações Havana, escrita por Leonardo Padura na década de 1990, com o objetivo de demonstrar as potencialidades do discurso ficcional para se entender o passado recente de Cuba.
Apresentação
Authors: Petit Pere , Neto Regina Beatriz Guimarães
Published: September 2020

Este dossiê da revista T&F reúne artigos que apresentam reflexões dehistoriadores e historiadoras que lidam com a “história oral” e com a linguagem visual, sejam elas vestígios visuais como imagens fotográficas ou imagens narrativas que dependem do testemunho escrito e da memória e que, por isso mesmo, não deixam de se articular com os documentos escritos. Os artigos contemplam temas das pesquisasdesenvolvidas pelas autoras e autores e nos oferecem debates metodológicos sobre o corpus documental utilizado como referência. Destacam-se, nessa linha, a metodologia que escolhem e valorizam passagens das entrevistas orais, temáticas ou histórias de vida, e das imagens visuais, como fotografias, assim como de outros documentos queregistram eventos significativos na vida dos entrevistados e dos acontecimentos analisados. Do tecido narrativo que constitui o texto dos artigos emergem histórias, trançadas como experiências pela memória e testemunhos.
Territórios & Fronteiras - v. 12, n. 2 (ago./dez. 2019)
Authors: Territórios e Fronteiras Editores de
Published: September 2020

Sumário.
A vida dos pequenos lavradores nos engenhos pernambucanos a partir da leitura de O Matuto, de Franklin Távora
Authors: Braga Márcio Bobik
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos socioeconômicos presentes no mundo dos lavradores dos engenhos de cana-de-açúcar da zona da mata pernambucana contidas no romance O Matuto, de Franklin Távora. Na obra, é possível identificar detalhes das atividades econômicas exercidas pelos matutos como os alimentos cultivados, determinados tipos de artesanatos e o comércio como a alternativa de complementação da renda e superação da pobreza. O artigo busca ainda contribuir para a relação entre a literatura e a história.
Mulheres em movimento: relações de gênero e identidade em uma comunidade rural no Extremo Norte do Tocantins – Brasil
Authors: Parente Temis Gomes
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as questões de gênero na caminhada das famílias que vivem na comunidade Ilha Verde, no município de Babaçulândia (TO), e procura discutir o processo de formação de identidade a partir do momento em que elas se veem como atingidas. Para acompanhar o movimento dessas famílias, foi utilizada a história oral como metodologia. As fontes orais são narrativas individuais, informais, dialógicas, criadas no encontro entre historiador e narrador, e são empregadas como eixo de um tipo de trabalho histórico no qual questões ligadas à memória, às narrativas, à subjetividade e ao diálogo moldam a própria agenda do historiador. Assim, foram esses diálogos através das memórias que conformaram a compreensão da pesquisadora sobre a especificidade dessa comunidade.
“Chico Fininho”, o “Jorge morreu”! E “tá todo mundo se aplicando pra festa” na “Farinha do desprezo”: as drogas na produção roqueira em Portugal e no Brasil nos anos 1980
Authors: Encarnação Paulo Gustavo da
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo geral refletir histórico e comparativamente como a produção do rock português e brasileiro dos anos 1980 abordou a temática das drogas, especialmente, a cocaína e a heroína, em suas canções. A partir da década 1970 e, sobretudo, a de 1980, a produção, o tráfico e o consumo de tais drogas tiveram um crescimento vertiginoso em escala mundial. Desse modo, esta proposta visa analisar como os roqueiros, tanto lá quanto cá, narraram e representaram as drogas em suas composições.
Entre cartas e memórias, a história do Paraguai segundo Arturo Bray
Authors: Moreira Luiz Felipe Viel
Published: September 2020

Arturo Bray foi um político, militar e escritor paraguaio, protagonista da cena política nacional durante a primeira década do século XX, que se viu empurrado ao exílio argentino a partir da década de 1940. Neste artigo, se analisam as Memórias e as epístolas de Bray com Justo Prieto, escritas durante seu desterro em Buenos Aires, para resgatar algumas de suas percepções sobre a política e as Forças Armadas paraguaias.
As comemorações do Bicentenário da Revolução Francesa em foco: entre crises e redefinições de uma memória em disputa
Authors: Rodrigues João Paulo
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as transformações atravessadas pela memória da Revolução Francesa por ocasião dos festejos de seu Bicentenário, em 1989. Para tanto, traz para o debate as reflexões teóricas de autores como Pierre Nora e Andreas Huyssen, valendo-se de fontes como jornais e documentos do Acervo da Missão Bicentenário. Desafiada no final do século pelas intensas mudanças nas concepções sociais de tempo e de espaço, que até então lhe conferiam estabilidade, caberá à essa memória abrir-se a importantes redefinições.
Viver em tempos de morte: experiências de gênero e sexualidade no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Sousa Neto Miguel Rodrigues
Published: September 2020

O Brasil é um país marcado pelo paradoxo: de um lado há a aceitação de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis, transexuais, transgêneros e intersexos como consumidores ou como personagens a serem consumidos a partir de estereótipos; de outro, lidera rankings de violência e assassinato de pessoas lgbti+. Busco interpretar este paradoxo a partir de discursos e práticas de grupos hegemônicos, especialmente o religioso e o científico, estruturantes dos modos como a população lgbti+ tem sido observada, marginalizada ou precariamente inserida socialmente, explicitando a violência e a eliminação física cotidiana e que molda a própria personalidade destes sujeitos e de seus movimentos sociais.
“Defensor das minorias e contra as tiranias” – o Capitão Gay no humor televisivo e entre tentativas de (auto)censura e a cobrança de royalties
Authors: Busetto Áureo
Published: September 2020

Neste artigo são analisadas as possibilidades e os limites relativos à criação e interpretação por Jô Soares do emblemático Capitão Gay. Temática analisada tanto a par da caracterização das linhagens do humorismo televisivo brasileiro e a inserção do humor de Jô Soares nelas. Ademais, são analisados os elementos e recursos televisivos investidos na produção das aventuras do super-herói gay. E, por fim, cuida-se de relações da produção de o Capitão Gay com a direção da Rede Globo de Televisão, moralismos reinantes à época, ocaso da Ditadura Militar, militância gay e universo das marcas registradas.
“O Doente Parecia Mordido De Cobra, De ‘Bicha Venenosa’”: Anotações Sobre A Febre Amarela Na Paraíba
Authors: Soares Júnior Azemar dos Santos
Published: September 2020

Esse texto tem por objetivo analisar as epidemias de febre amarela no território paraibano nos três ataques epidêmicos em que assolou a população com seu “veneno mortal”. Uma história amarela, venenosa, febril, mórbida. Metodologicamente, me aproprio do conceito de monumentalização do documento proposto por Jacques Le Goff (1994) para pensar a escrita da história das doenças. Conclui-se que durante os surtos epidêmicos, a Paraíba viveu um período de desorganização e reorganização social através de um embate bélico contra a doença.Palavras-chave: Febre amarela. Epidemia. Paraíba.
O Regime de Historicidade Distópico: tempo e natureza em Não Verás País Nenhum de Ignácio de Loyola Brandão
Authors: Lopes Alfredo Ricardo Silva , Silva Franco Santos Alves da
Published: September 2020

O romance distópico Não Verás País Nenhum de Ignácio de Loyola Brandão representa de uma nova forma tempo e natureza no contexto da crise ambiental do final do século XX. Com base no Materialismo Histórico, a distopia é vinculada ao seu contexto de criação e representa de forma pessimista os medos e inseguranças de um determinado momento histórico.  Assim, diante da atual crise ambiental e da percepção da finitude dos recursos naturais uma forma regressiva de compreender a passagem do tempo surge no final do século XX, o regime de historicidade distópico ambiental.
Apresentação
Authors: Bezerra Danilo Alves , Da Silva Zélia Lopes
Published: September 2020

As festas são manifestações que propalam momentos singulares que fazem parte da vida e do cotidiano de todos nós. Podem ser celebrações tanto por motivações ordinárias quanto em relação a eventos extraordinários que expressem pertenças e questionamentos diversos, e, ainda, afirmem outras vivências socioculturais de seus integrantes. Foi pensando nesses aspectos que o tema “Festas brasileiras e seus significados” materializou-se neste dossiê — ora publicado pela Revista Territórios e Fronteira que chega em momento oportuno à conturbada realidade brasileira atual.