bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Ideal Four-factor Components Mixture Experiment Design Based on Prominent Optimality Criteria at Level Two
Authors: Emmanuel Chirchir K. , Ayubu Okango A.
Published: August 2024

Aim: Mixture experiment designs are essential tools that need to be determined prior to conducting any mixture experiment in any field of study. The primary goal of these types of experiments are optimization that is either maximizing the profit/produce or minimizing the cost of production.
Study Design: Any researcher anticipating to do any research work on the mixture experiment will not evade to talk about the design that he or she is likely to use. The common of such designs being either Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) or Simplex Centroid Design (SCD).
Methodology: The choice of such design is wholly based on the optimality criteria employed. The classical of these criteria include on D-Determinant criterion, A-Average variance criterion, E- Eigen value criterion and T- Trace optimality criterion usually denoted as D-, A-, E- T- criteria. They are also known as prominent criteria.
Results: This paper considered  four-factor components at order two. The penalized moment matrices obtained from the information matrices whose primary source was the design points gave the values of the criteria aforementioned. These values were ranked independently with the least average rank termed as the best design.
Conclusion: The {4,4} Simplex Lattice Design had the lowest rank value of 1.0 as compared to the other designs. This design is therefore to be used in any research work considering four factors when only two of factors are to be employed.
The Role of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Determining Seed Physiological Quality: A Review
Authors: Suresh Karantothu , Chetna  , Mandal Raj Kumar , Prakash Dasari Purna , Dora Kakadi Akhil , Kavana J M
Published: August 2024

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by seeds serve as promising biomarkers for assessing seed vigor, viability, and deterioration during storage. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the types and chemical classes of VOCs released by seeds, factors affecting their emission, and methods for their collection and analysis. VOCs indicate seed aging, with increased emissions of alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones associated with deterioration processes like lipid peroxidation. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with seed deterioration include alcohols like ethanol, which can indicate fermentation, aldehydes such as hexanal, which is linked to lipid oxidation, and ketones like 2-heptanone, which can result from microbial activity and contribute to off-flavors and rancidity. The quantity and composition of VOCs correlate with the extent of seed deterioration, potentially offering a rapid, non-destructive alternative to traditional germination tests for evaluating seed quality. VOCs also mediate interactions between seeds and microorganisms, influencing germination and stress responses. Different research findings regarding volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in seeds indicate their potential as indicators of seed quality, which could lead to improved seed management strategies. By utilizing VOC profiling, farmers can make informed decisions on seed selection and treatment, ultimately enhancing crop yield and resilience in agricultural practices. While VOC analysis shows promise for integration into seed quality testing, challenges remain in standardizing protocols and identifying robust markers across different seed types, species and storage conditions. Advances in VOC research may ultimately lead to novel solutions for improving seed and crop productivity. Future research directions in VOC analysis for seed quality testing should focus on standardizing VOC profiles across diverse seed species, integrating VOC analysis with precision agriculture technologies, exploring environmental influences on VOC emissions, developing non-invasive testing methods, conducting longitudinal studies on seed storage, applying VOCs in breeding programs, and establishing links between VOC emissions and disease resistance.
Influence of Varying Levels of Organic Manure, Phosphorus and Bio- inoculants on Biological Properties of Soil under Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Raiger Prahlad Ram , Meena Ram Hari , Singh Ummed , Parewa Hanuman Prasad , Kumar Manoj , Kumhar Bheru Lal , Verma Anil Kumar , Lavania Pankaj
Published: August 2024

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (during Kharif 2019 and 2020) at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) to assess the impact of varying levels of FYM, phosphorus and bio-inoculants on biological properties of soil under Mungbean. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The experiment comprised of two levels of FYM (0 and 5 t/ha), four levels of phosphorus (0, 50, 75 and 100% P2O5 /ha) and three levels of bio-inoculations (No inoculation, Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens). Mungbean variety GM-4 was used for exprimentation. The results revealed that addition of FYM @ 5 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher soil microbial biomass carbon (217.92 mg /kg), soil microbial biomass phosphorus (15.47 mg/kg), acid phosphatase (1.019 \(\mu\)g PNP/g soil/h), alkaline phosphatase (7.13\(\mu\)g PNP/g soil/h) and dehydrogenase activity (6.10 \(\mu\)g TPF/g soil/ h) of soil at 40 DAS as compared to without FYM application. Among the phosphorus levels, application of 100% P2O5 /ha gave significantly highest soil microbial biomass carbon (219.13mg/kg), soil microbial biomass phosphorus (15.71 mg/kg), acid phosphatase (1.010 µg PNP/g soil/h), alkaline phosphatase (7.21\(\mu\)g PNP/g soil/h) and dehydrogenase activity (5.91\(\mu\)g TPF/g soil/h) over rest of P levels, however, it was found at par with 75 % P2O5 /ha. Similarly, the seed inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens recorded significantly higher values of all above biological properties as compared to un-inoculated control but it was found at par with seed inoculation with E. cloacae. Thus, the results reaveal the positive effect of the application of FYM, Phosphorus  and seed inoculation with biofertilizers (E. cloacae or B. amyloliquefaciens) on the biological properties of soil (soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass phosphorus, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity) for management of sustainable environment.
Strongyloides Hyperinfection Syndrome and Severe Malnutrition in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: TIlanus Alwin , Estrada Maryi
Published: August 2024

Aims: Strongyloides Hyperinfection Syndrome (SHS) and disseminated Strongyloidiasis have been extensively reported in immunocompromised patients. In SHS, large parasitic loads of larvae cause symptoms mainly limited to the gastrointestinal tract and lung, whereas in the disseminated form multiple organs can be affected with high mortality if inappropriately treated.
Case Presentation: Here we present an unusual case of a 28-year-old (HIV negative) patient with confirmed untreated Helicobacter pylori, symptoms of gastric and pulmonary hyperinfection complicated with severe weight loss, respiratory symptoms with hemoptysis and refeeding syndrome. Discussion: The diagnosis was based on histological confirmation of the parasite in the gastric mucosal biopsy and stool analysis. The patient was successfully treated with ivermectin and discharged in reasonable medical conditions.
Conclusion: This case illustrates the importance of considering Strongyloides Hyperinfection in immunocompetent patients presenting with chronic vomiting, weight loss and anemia, especially in developmental countries.
Advancements in Sericulture: Innovations and Biomedical Applications of Silk and Its Derivatives
Authors: Hazarika Sanjay , Khatua Rupam , Reddy Naveen Chandra , D Thrilekha , B M Bharath Kumar , R Kishan Kumar , S P Sharan
Published: August 2024

Silk, particularly from the Bombyx mori species, has been found to possess unique properties that make it exceptionally suitable for biomedical applications. Sericulture, traditionally known for silk production, has found significant applications in the biomedical field. This article explores the use of silk and its derivatives in various biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, wound healing, and medical sutures. The biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical properties of silk make it an ideal material for numerous medical applications. This article discusses the advancements in utilizing sericulture products in biomedical sciences, highlighting the potential and the challenges of these applications.
Evaluation of Bovine Milk Production in the Commune of Tioroniaradougou
Authors: Soronikpoho Soro , Parfait Kouadio Kouakou , Nicolas Aboly Bosson
Published: August 2024

This study was carried out in the sub-prefecture of Tioroniaradougou on 30 cattle farms to identify the real conditions of milk production in the area. The lack of reliable data in the sector as well as the lack of control over milk production parameters prompted this study.  Over two months, a survey was carried out on these farms followed by the collection and estimation of the different amounts of milk on the said farms. The results showed that 63.33% of breeders are of Burkinabé nationality, 23.33% of Malian nationality and 13.34% of Ivorian nationality. The Fulani were the most numerous (70%), followed by the Malinkés (16.67%) and Senufos (10%). Most of breeders (86.67%) were illiterate. Almost all breeders used night park, and the herd was made up of Zebus (93.33%), where cows represented 47.33% of the herds. The diet was based entirely on natural pasture, only 20% of breeders distributed food supplements. The herds were watered in the rivers. Total milk production produced in the 30 farms during the month was 9,408 L with a variation of (130 to 615.5 L/Farm). Regarding the daily milk production in the villages, it varied from 9.33 +/- 0.46 L to 13.27+/-2.88 L. This study made it possible to highlight the characteristics of cattle breeding and their low level of production in the sub-prefect.
Fulminant Guillain Barre Syndrome AMSAN Variant Mimicking Brain Death: A Lesson in Persistence
Authors: Somaraj Meghna , Negi Arundhati , Gopi Ranitha , Stanley Weena
Published: August 2024

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. It commonly presents as acute symmetric ascending lower motor neuron palsy which typically occurs about one to three weeks following either a gastrointestinal or upper respiratory tract infection. GBS is termed fulminant when associated with rapid deterioration with flaccid quadriparesis, absent brainstem reflexes, and ventilator requirement.
Here, we report a case of a female in her twenties who presented with a history of weakness and sensory loss a few days after recovering from a diarrheal illness. She developed progressive ascending paralysis of her muscles within 24 hours and was intubated anticipating respiratory failure. Initial examination revealed dilated pupils and the presence of ocular movements, as well as bilateral facial nerve involvement.  Investigative findings were consistent with GBS and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment was promptly initiated. Despite this, the patient deteriorated further and lost brainstem reflexes and failed to demonstrate spontaneous breaths. EEG indicated a deep coma.
We continued with supportive care and physiotherapy and, after approximately 10 days of no initial response, our patient remarkably regained muscle power and sensations. She was eventually weaned off ventilation and has since returned to full functional status.
This case report highlights the importance of persistence in treatment despite atypical presentations and initial clinical deterioration. Further, this case of fulminant GBS, AMSAN variant, involving the short ciliary nerve and mimicking brain death is a rare entity in clinical literature.
Study of Genetic Variability and Path Analysis for Yield in Greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
Authors: Yadav Krishan Kumar , Kumari Juhee , Mamatha Anduri , Kumar Vivek , Gantait Aishmita , Maxton Ann
Published: August 2024

The current study was conducted in order to estimate the genetic variability, Correlation and path analysis for yield and yield contributing traits assessed 31 genotypes of green gram during Zaid season 2023. The experiment followed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 replications. Data were collected from 5 randomly selected plants from each genotype in each replication, among 13 different traits seed index had highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variance followed by number of pod per plant, while least GCV and PCV was recorded for days to maturity. High heritability was shown by plant height followed by number of seeds per pod. Seed index and harvest index had highly significant positive genotypic correlation with seed yields per plant. While days to maturity and days to 50% pod setting was recorded as highly significant negative genotypic correlation with seed yields per plant. Plant height followed by primary branches per plant, biological yield seed index and harvest index was recorded as positive direct effect on seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels while days to maturity followed by clusters per plant, pods per plant and pod length was recorded as negative direct effect on seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. All the traits showed a strong and positive association with seed yield, proving that these traits actually correlate with one another. Therefore, identifying high yielding genotypes from highly segregating populations would be made easier with the use of direct selection for these traits.
Biosynthesized Zinc Nanoparticles and their Plant Growth-Promoting Effect on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivation
Authors: Nazma S. , Sudha T. , Biradar D. P. , Krishnaraj P. U. , Chandrashekhar S. S. , Ravikumar H.
Published: August 2024

The zinc nanoparticles were biosynthesized using Pseudomonas and actinobacteria and characterized through UV-Visible spectroscopy, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). After biosynthesis and characterization of the nanoparticles (NPs), a field experiment was conducted to know the effect of biosynthesized zinc nanoparticles on wheat crop. In wheat seed priming at 500 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with zinc nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) increased the plant height (25.75%), number of tillers per meter row length (35.98%), leaf area (25.84%), leaf area index (25.75%), total dry matter production (36.46%), productive spikes per square meter (16.98%), number of grains per spike (27.29%), grain weight per spike (30.71), 1,000 grain weight (10.43%), grain yield (17.58%) and straw yield (14.59%) than seed priming at 500 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with zinc nanoparticles biosynthesized through Pseudomonas (T3) and commercial zinc nanoparticles (T9). Farmers can replace the conventional zinc source with nano forms to obtain the higher yield and yield attributing characteristics, where biosynthesized nanoparticles could be alternative to chemical nanoparticles in terms of high cost and pollution hazards.
An Economic Insights of Agricultural Sustainability in the Himalayan Districts of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Murugesan Sneha , Baba Sajad Hassan , Majeed Uzma , Gul Aqib , Shaheen Farhat , Sultan Abid , Dhekale Bhagyashree , Gautam Kusumakar
Published: August 2024

The agriculture scenario has witnessed a tremendous change after the independence of the Indian subcontinent. It had undergone number of reforms to protect both supply and demand side interests. The food security was ensured by increasing its production and the country has emerged as one of the top producers of number of commodities. The commercialization of agriculture shifted subsistence farming to a more market-oriented approach, where agricultural production is primarily aimed at generating income and participating in the market economy which involves increased scale of production, adopting modern technologies and focusing on cash crops and high – value commodities. However the unscientific use of these resources and indispensable application of inputs has led to several drawbacks like labour migration, shift to monoculture practices, decline in the water table, vulnerabilities in terms of food security during market fluctuations. Creating concerns of sustainability needs an immediate attention. Sustainability is to be assured to ensure food supply and for the balanced economic growth. Agricultural sustainability in Jammu and Kashmir is influenced by various factors. It provides production environment to a number of niche crops including apple, walnut, saffron, vegetables, major agriculture products etc., But its agriculture faces the unique environmental, social and economic challenges, despite known for their rich ecological diversity. Though essential, the urbanization results in the shift of productive land to undesirable use which may lead to ecological implications. This background necessitated a comprehensive attempt to examine the sustainability of agriculture in relationship with various economic, ecological and social indicators with an intention to come up with findings having greater policy implications for long term sustenance of agrarian economy in J&K. Shopian(0.604) ranked first among all the districts in terms of Agricultural sustainability, followed by Jammu(0.598) and Kathua(0.564) and least performing districts were found to be Srinagar(0.406), followed by Ramban(0.413) and Kupwara(0.420). The calculated Composite Sustainability Index helps us to differentiate the districts based on their index value under various categories of the sustainability level.
Challenges in Fintech Adoption among Members of Farmer Producer Organisations – An Analysis
Authors: J Maria Vinita. , M Senthilkumar. , N Anandaraja. , M Nirmala Devi. , R Gangai Selvi. , P.P Murugan.
Published: August 2024

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the personal, technological, and trust-related barriers that prevent farmers in Tamil Nadu from adopting fintech. The research aims to provide insights for enhancing the utilization of fintech in the agricultural sector by analyzing these obstacles.
Study Design: The limitations that limit farmers' use of fintech were investigated using an ex-post facto research design.
Place and Duration of Study: From March to July 2023, the research was carried out in the Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu, India. Due to its high concentration of banking establishments, this area was chosen for fintech adoption research.
Methodology: From four Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) affiliated with Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Tiruvallur, 120 farmers, 86 men and 34 women, aged 18 to 75, were chosen at random. A structured interview schedule was used to collect the data, which were divided into personal, technological, and trust-related constraints. The farmers' perspectives were used to evaluate the severity of these constraints using the Garrett ranking method.
Results: Personal constraints, such as risk aversion (average score = 65.14) and a preference for cash transactions (average score = 56.68), were found to be the most significant obstacles to the adoption of fintech. Usage was further hampered by technological issues such as restricted access to technical support (64.79) and complicated user interfaces (52.95). Concerns about trust, particularly concerns about scams and fraud (65.83), were the most significant obstacles, highlighting the need for robust security measures.
Conclusion: The results emphasize the need for targeted interventions to remove the major obstacles to the adoption of fintech, particularly by improving user-friendly designs, technical support, and security measures.
Sub‐THz complex dielectric constants of smectite clay thin samples with Na+/Ca++ ions
Authors: Rahman Rezwanur , McCarty Douglas K. , Prasad Manika
Published: August 2015

We implement a technique to characterize the electromagnetic properties at frequencies 100 to 165 GHz (3 cm−1 to 4.95 cm−1) of oriented smectite samples using an open cavity resonator connected to a submillimeter wave VNA (Vector Network Analyzer). We measured dielectric constants perpendicular to the bedding plane on oriented Na+ ion and Ca++ ion stabilized smectite samples deposited on a glass slide at ambient laboratory conditions (room temperature and room light). The clay layer is much thinner (∼30 μm) than the glass substrate (∼2.18 mm). The real part of dielectric constant, ϵre, is essentially constant over this frequency range but is larger in Na+ ion than in Ca++ ion infused clay. The total electrical conductivity (associated with the imaginary part of dielectric constant, ϵim) of both samples increases monotonically at lower frequencies (<110 GHz) but shows rapid increase for Na+ ions in the regime > 110 GHz. The dispersion of the samples display a dependence on the ionic strength in the clay interlayers, i.e., ζ potential in the Stern layers.
Predicting Children's Recall of a Dental Procedure: Contributions of Stress, Preparation, and Dental History
Authors: Baker‐Ward Lynne , Quinonez Rocio , Milano Michael , Lee Seungjin , Langley Hillary , Brumley Benjamin , Ornstein Peter A.
Published: August 2015

We examined the extent to which three predictors of children's recall, selected on the basis of their theoretical significance, contributed to the prediction of children's recall for the details of dental operative procedures in a diverse sample of 28 children (54–140 months of age). Parents provided information regarding their children's dental histories and preparation for the dental visit. We obtained behavioral indices of stress from video recordings of the procedures and interviewed the children shortly after treatment to assess their memory. In a significant model predicting open‐ended recall, measures of prior dental experience and parent discussion emerged as unique predictors, although stress did not add to the prediction. The results attest to the importance of incorporating measures of individual differences in investigations of children's reports of their personal experiences. We discuss the importance of children's interpretations in understanding memory for stressful events.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choose Your Words Wisely: What Verbal Hesitation Indicates About Eyewitness Accuracy
Authors: Thomas Ayanna K. , Chen Caroline , Gordon Leamarie T. , Tenbrink Thora
Published: August 2015

Researchers have demonstrated qualitative differences in witness verbal reports made in the presence and absence of misinformation. The present study examined changes in linguistic markers present in verbal reports in the context of a repeated‐retrieval misinformation study. After witnessing an event, an immediate retrieval group engaged in a free‐recall test associated with the event. The delayed retrieval group completed a filler task. Following, all participants were presented with a post‐event narrative that included neutral, consistent, and misleading details. Both groups then took two free‐recall tests. We found that hesitations were more likely to accompany correctly remembered details if those details were altered in the narrative, than if there was consistency between the original event and narrative. We also found that retrieval prior to misinformation positively influenced the inclusion of hesitations in free‐recall reports that immediately followed the narrative.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical Functioning and Prediction of Physical Activity After Total Hip Arthroplasty: Five‐Year Followup of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Heiberg Kristi E. , Figved Wender
Published: August 2015

Objective

To examine whether the 1‐year effects from a previous walking skill training program on walking and stair climbing still persist 5 years following total hip arthroplasty (THA), to examine recovery of physical functioning from before to 5 years after surgery, and to identify predictors of physical activity 5 years after THA from preoperative measures.

Methods

We performed a 5‐year followup of a randomized controlled trial and a longitudinal study. Sixty participants with a mean age of 70 years (range 50–87 years; 95% confidence interval 68, 72 years) were assessed. Outcome measures were the 6‐minute walk test, the stair climbing test (SCT), active hip range of motion (ROM), self‐efficacy, Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale. Data were analyzed by Student's t‐tests, generalized linear model, and multivariate regression analyses.

Results

The training and control groups were approximately equal on outcome measures of physical functioning, pain, and self‐efficacy at 5 years (P > 0.05). In the total group, the recovery course was unchanged from 1 to 5 years (P > 0.05), except for 9% improvement in ROM (P < 0.001) and an increase in time on SCT of 18% (P = 0.004). Preoperative HOOS pain (P = 0.022) and HOOS sport (P = 0.019) predicted UCLA activity scale 5 years after THA.

Conclusion

At 5 years after THA, the control group had caught up with the training group on physical functioning, and the participants led an active lifestyle. Those with worse preoperative scores on pain and physical functioning in sport were at risk of being less physically active in the long term following THA.
Rauhut–Currier‐Initiated Organocascade Reaction: Synthesis of Substituted Dispirocyclohexanes through a [2+2+2] Strategy Between 2‐Arylideneindan‐1,3‐diones and Activated Alkenes
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Ya , Gurubrahamam Ramani , Chen Kwunmin
Published: August 2015

For the synthesis of multisubstituted dispirocyclohexane derivatives, a Rauhut–Currier‐initiated organocascade reaction between 2‐arylideneindan‐1,3‐diones and activated alkenes in the presence of diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) was demonstrated. The functionalized dispirocyclohexanes with a wide range of substituents were obtained in satisfactory to excellent chemical yields (58–99%) with high chemo‐ and diastereoselectivities (>95:5 dr). This organocatalytic reaction proceeded smoothly through Michael/Michael cyclization, which involves the formation of three new carbon‐carbon bonds with simultaneous construction of two all‐carbon spiro quaternary centers.

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Menkes disease with discordant phenotype in female monozygotic twins
Authors: Burgemeister Anna Lena , Zirn Birgit , Oeffner Frank , Kaler Stephen G. , Lemm Gunther , Rossier Eva , Büttel Hans‐Martin
Published: August 2015

Menkes disease (MD) is a rare X‐linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7A gene. This neurodegenerative disorder typically affects males and is characterized by impaired copper distribution and the malfunction of several copper‐dependent enzymes. We report clinically discordant female monozygotic twins (MZT) with a heterozygous ATP7A mutation. One twin girl is healthy at the current age of 4 years, whereas the other twin girl developed classical MD, showed disease stabilization under copper histidine treatment but died at the age of 3 years. Presumably, the affected girl developed MD due to skewed X inactivation, although this could not be demonstrated in two tissues (blood, buccal mucosa). This case is a rare example of an affected girl with MD and shows the possibility of a discordant phenotype in MZT girls. As speculated in other X‐linked diseases, the process of monozygotic twinning may be associated with skewed X inactivation leading to a discordant phenotype. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Progressive hip joint subluxation in Saul‐Wilson syndrome
Authors: Chinen Yasutsugu , Kaneshi Takuya , Kamiya Takeshi , Hata Kenichiro , Nishimura Gen , Kaname Tadashi
Published: August 2015

Saul‐Wilson syndrome (SWS) is a rare congenital skeletal syndrome characterized by postnatal onset of short stature, relative microcephaly, frontal bossing, prominent eyes with shallow orbits, midface hypoplasia, cataract, and generalized skeletal changes, including spondylar dysplasia, overtubulation of the long bones with metaphyseal flaring and megaepiphyses, coxa valga, elbow deformity, and brachydactyly. We describe a boy with the overall clinical and radiological features fitting the characteristics of SWS, although cataract, elbow deformity, and overt brachydactyly were not seen. He presented with painful hip joint due to hip subluxation in late childhood, which exacerbated with age and ultimately, required surgical intervention. Awareness of this orthopedic complication in SWS is essential in the management of patients with SWS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identifizierung eines Sulfonamids als β1/β2‐spezifischer Proteasomligand durch kristallographisches Screening
Authors: Beck Philipp , Reboud‐Ravaux Michèle , Groll Michael
Published: August 2015

Das Proteasom ist ein etabliertes Angriffsziel zur Behandlung von Krebs, jedoch erfordert das Aufkommen resistenter Tumore die Entdeckung neuartiger Inhibitoren. Die häufig genutzten fluoreszenzbasierten Screeningmethoden besitzen jedoch eine geringe Empfindlichkeit und sind auf den Nachweis von Liganden mit koventionellen Bindungsprofilen begrenzt. Aufgrund dieser Nachteile haben wir ein kristallographisches Screeningverfahren angewendet, um Proteasominhibitoren mit einem neuartigen Wirkmechanismus zu identifizieren. Die optimierte Prozedur wurde anhand eines Screenings einer fokussierten Gruppe von Verbindungen getestet und führte zur Entdeckung eines β1/β2‐spezifischen Sulfonamid‐Derivats, das nicht‐kovalent zwischen den Proteasomuntereinheiten β1 und β2 bindet. Die Bindetasche zeigt signifikante Größen‐ und Polaritätsunterschiede zwischen konstitutivem und Immunproteasom auf, wodurch der identifizierte Ligand wertvolle Erkenntnisse für die strukturbasierte Entwicklung von Subtyp‐spezifischen Proteasominhibitoren bietet.
Vitamin E can be used to hinder scissioning in radiation cross‐linked UHMWPE during high‐temperature melting
Authors: Doshi Brinda N. , Fu Jun , Oral Ebru , Muratoglu Orhun K.
Published: August 2015

High‐temperature melting (HTM) of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was shown to improve its elongation and toughness. This was believed to be due to increased scissioning and increased diffusion of polymer chains. It was hypothesized here that the toughness of previously radiation cross‐linked UHMWPEs could also be improved by HTM. To test this hypothesis, the wear resistance, tensile mechanical properties, and Izod impact strength of radiation cross‐linked virgin (no additive) and antioxidant‐blended (with vitamin E) UHMWPEs were tested. The results suggested that although the impact strength of cross‐linked UHMWPEs could be improved significantly by HTM, the wear resistance was decreased. Thus, this procedure can be optimized to be especially suited in high‐stress applications, such as total knee replacements with lessened wear concerns. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42735.
Study on the Protective Effect of the KIR3DL1 Gene in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Vendelbosch S. , Heslinga S. C. , John M. , van Leeuwen K. , Geissler J. , de Boer M. , Tanck M. W. T. , van den Berg T. K. , Crusius J. B. A. , van der Horst‐Bruinsma I. E. , Kuijpers T. W.
Published: August 2015

Objective

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects the sacroiliac joints and the spine of the lower back. The disease is strongly associated with HLA–B27. Additional genes, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, and molecular components have been identified to be associated with AS, but the exact mechanism that drives disease development remains poorly understood. The killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) are regulators of cytotoxicity of natural killer cells and T cell subsets and may be relevant in binding to HLA–B27 and the development of AS. We undertook this study to identify possible associations of KIR genotype with susceptibility to AS and disease characteristics including the presence of the HLA–B27 allele, disease severity, and uveitis.

Methods

We performed complete genotyping of the KIR locus in 303 Caucasian AS patients, 119 randomly selected healthy Caucasian controls, and 50 HLA–B27–positive healthy Caucasian controls by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification assay for detection of gene presence and copy number.

Results

We did not observe a significant association of any specific KIR gene or haplotype with susceptibility to AS or any other clinical manifestation. Disease severity, as measured by fulfilling the criteria for treatment with tumor necrosis factor blocking therapy, was linked to a lower number of genes for the functional variant of KIR3DL1 (P = 0.007).

Conclusion

Our exploratory study indicates that KIR genes are not a major risk factor for susceptibility to AS. However, the data do suggest a role for KIRs in progression of the disease, whereby KIR3DL1 has a protective effect against the more severe manifestations of AS.
Water‐Soluble Gold Nanoparticles: From Catalytic Selective Nitroarene Reduction in Water to Refractive Index Sensing
Authors: Guo Wusheng , Pleixats Roser , Shafir Alexandr
Published: August 2015

Water‐soluble gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) stabilized by a nitrogen‐rich poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐tagged substrate have been prepared by reduction of HAuCl4 with NaBH4 in water at room temperature. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles can be controlled by simply varying the gold/stabilizer ratio. The nanoparticles have been fully characterized by TEM, high‐resolution (HR) TEM, electron diffraction (ED), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV/Vis, powder XRD, and elemental analysis. The material is efficient as a recyclable catalyst for the selective reduction of nitroarenes with NaBH4 to yield the corresponding anilines in water at room temperature. Furthermore, the potential ability of the Au NPs as a refractive index sensor owing to their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect has also been assessed.
Auswirkung von Zündquellen und Systembeschaffenheit auf das Brandverhalten EPS‐basierter Wärmedämm‐Verbundsysteme
Authors: Kaudelka Sven , Hofmann‐Böllinghaus Anja , Hauswaldt Sebastian , Krause Ulrich
Published: August 2015

Gegenstand des Aufsatzes ist die experimentelle Untersuchung der Auswirkungen verschiedener Zündquellen sowie der Systembeschaffenheit auf das Brandverhalten EPS‐basierter Wärmedämm‐Verbundsysteme (WDVS). Dazu wurden Brände ausgewertet, die mit EPS‐basierten WDVS in Verbindung stehen. Ergebnis dieser Auswertung war, dass nicht wie bisher angenommen der Brand in dem Gebäude (z. B. der Wohnungsbrand), sondern vielmehr der Brand außerhalb des Gebäudes, insbesondere der des Abfallbehälters, das häufigste und kritischste Brandszenario für EPS‐basierte WDVS darstellt. Daraufhin wurden an der BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung Brandversuche in der Single Burning Item‐Prüfeinrichtung (SBI) an nicht intakten EPS‐basierten WDVS‐Ausschnitten durchgeführt. Mit zunehmender Beschädigungsgröße und ‐tiefe stieg die vom System freigesetzte Wärmefreisetzungsrate an. Zusätzlich werden Brandversuche eines Sockelbrandszenarios mit einer abfallbehälteräquivalenten Brandlast vorgestellt. Aus den Brandversuchen werden Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Systemsicherheit abgeleitet.

Influence of different ignition sources and conditions of the systems on the fire behaviour of external thermal insulating systems (ETICS). The influence of different ignition sources and conditions of the systems on the fire behaviour of external thermal insulating systems (ETICS) have been investigated experimentally. As a basis of the investigations real cases with EPS based ETICS have been analysed. The analysis showed that the fire in front of the building is the most common and critical fire scenario for these systems. These fires are often caused by waste containers. This result contradicts the former common assumption that the fire inside the building is the most critical fire scenario for ETICS. Intermediate scale experiments in the Single Burning Item (SBI) test apparatus have been performed at BAM with ETICS specimens. The render of the systems was partially damaged. The measured heat release rate of the specimens increased significantly with size and depths of the damages. Additionally results of large scale experiments with a waste container equivalent ignition source are presented and recommendations to enhance fire safety of these systems are given.
Investigation into the interaction of methylparaben and erythromycin with human serum albumin using multispectroscopic methods
Authors: Naik Keerti M. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T.
Published: August 2015

In this paper, the interaction of methylparaben and erythromycin with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied for the first time using spectroscopic methods including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV absorption spectroscopy in combination with fluorescence quenching under physiological conditions. The binding parameters were evaluated using a fluorescence quenching method. Based on Förster's theory of non‐radiation energy transfer, the binding average distance, r between the donor (HSA) and the acceptor (methylparaben and erythromycin) was evaluated. UV/vis absorption, FTIR, synchronous and 3D spectral results showed that the conformation of HSA was changed in the presence of methylparaben and erythromycin. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated according to the van't Hoff equation and are discussed. The effect of some biological metal ions and site probes on the binding of methylparaben and erythromycin to HSA were further examined. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kolb's experiential learning theory and Belhot's learning cycle guiding the use of computer simulation in engineering education: A pedagogical proposal to shift toward an experiential pedagogy
Authors: Botelho Wagner Tanaka , Marietto Maria das Graças Bruno , Ferreira João Carlos da Motta , Pimentel Edson Pinheiro
Published: August 2015

This work aims to contribute to a rethinking of the computer simulation used in the high education in Engineering. In order to design a set of simulation laboratory activities, a pedagogical proposal is presented on basis of Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory and Belhot's Learning Cycle. The chosen content to be taught is the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique that is adapted and implemented in RoboMind software. The pedagogical approach presented in this paper can act as a reference point for debates in Engineering Education area, considering the use of the Kolb's theory as a model for development of teaching‐learning process and computer simulations as a didactic tool. Finally, some recommendations are offered in order to help future works, as well as to consolidate the implementation of this pedagogical proposal in real case studies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. 24:79–88, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21674
Water‐Assisted Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin‐Derived Guaiacol to Monooxygenates
Authors: Yoon Ji Sun , Choi Jae‐Wook , Suh Dong Jin , Lee Kangtaek , Lee Hyunjoo , Ha Jeong‐Myeong
Published: August 2015

Water, which frequently inhibits organic reactions, improves the hydrodeoxygenation activity of lignin‐derived guaiacol on a bifunctional catalyst of Rh/SiO2–Al2O3 in a biphasic mixture of n‐decane and water. The unique properties of subcritical water appear to promote hydrodeoxygenation, which improves the production of monooxygenates by removing more oxygen atoms of guaiacol while suppressing the formation of fully deoxygenated hydrocarbons because of the poor solubility of hydrophobic monooxygenates.
First Example of a Modular Porphyrinoid Assembly Capable of Stabilizing Different Metal Ions in a Single Molecular Scaffold
Authors: Murugavel Muthuchamy , Reddy R. V. Ramana , Dey Dhananjay , Sankar Jeyaraman
Published: August 2015

We report the synthesis and characterization of porphyrin–corrole–porphyrin (Por‐Cor‐Por) hybrids directly linked at the meso–meso positions for the first time. The stability and solubility of the trimer are carefully balanced by adding electron‐withdrawing substituents to the corrole ring and sterically bulky groups on the porphyrins. The new hybrids are capable of stabilizing more than one metal ion in a single molecular scaffold. The versatility of the triad has been demonstrated by successfully stabilizing homo‐ (Ni) and heterotrinuclear (Ni‐Cu‐Ni) coordination motifs. The solid‐state structure of the NiPor‐CuCor‐PorNi hybrid was revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The NiII porphyrins are significantly ruffled and tilted by 83° from the plane of corrole. The robustness of the synthesized hybrids was reflected in the electrochemical investigations and the redox behaviour of the hybrids show that the oxidation processes are mostly corrole‐centred. In particular it is worth noting that the Por‐Cor‐Por hybrid can further be manipulated due to the presence of substituent‐free meso‐positions on both the terminals.
Green Template‐Free Synthesis of Hierarchical Shuttle‐Shaped Mesoporous ZnFe2O4 Microrods with Enhanced Lithium Storage for Advanced Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Linrui , Hua Hui , Lian Lin , Cao Hui , Zhu Siqi , Yuan Changzhou
Published: August 2015

Invited for the cover of this issue is Changzhou Yuan and co‐workers at the Anhui University of Technology. The image depicts hierarchical shuttle‐shaped mesoporous ZnFe2O4 micro‐rods, as a low‐cost yet high‐performance anode, for advanced next‐generation Li‐ion batteries. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201501876.
Mechanische Eigenschaften zyklisch be‐ und entfeuchteter Zeolithgranulate
Authors: Müller Peter , Russell Alexander , Seidenbecher Jakob , Tomas Jürgen
Published: August 2015

Bei der Herstellung von Zeolith‐Granulaten variieren der Bindemittelgehalt und die Temperaturen bei der Entwässerung und Aktivierung der Granulate. Hier wird der Einfluss der Feuchtebeladung und zyklischen Be‐ und Entfeuchtung auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von drei Zeolith 4A Granulaten mittels Druckbeanspruchung bis zum Bruch untersucht. Die Kraft‐Weg‐Kurven und Rasterelektronenmikroskopaufnahmen der Oberflächen und Bruchflächen der Granulate zeigen, dass aufgrund vermehrter nicht regenerativer Schädigung der Struktur bei der Befeuchtung mit zunehmender Zyklenanzahl die Kraft‐Weg‐Kurven kontinuierlich abflachen und die Festigkeit abnimmt.
Molekulare Katalysatoren zur Bindungsaktivierung
Authors: Zimmermann Teresa K. , Kühn Fritz E.
Published: August 2015

Industrielle Katalyse gilt als Schlüsseltechnologie und ist von enormer wirtschaftlicher und geopolitischer Bedeutung. Dennoch sind biologische Systeme nach wie vor unübertroffen in ihrer Effizienz und Effektivität und können daher in vielen Fällen als Vorbild für synthetische Katalysatoren dienen. Biomimetische und bioinspirierte Konzepte sind demnach von wachsender Bedeutung. Auch auf der Suche nach einer künftigen Energieversorgung kann die Natur vielversprechende Modellsysteme liefern.
Steuerliganden für Katalysatoren
Authors: Altmann Philipp J. , Riener Korbinian , Kühn Fritz E. , Herrmann Wolfgang A.
Published: August 2015

Seit der Isolierung des ersten freien N‐Heterocyclencarbens vor über 20 Jahren ist diese Ligandenklasse unverzichtbar in der modernen Chemie geworden. Diese Entwicklung basiert maßgeblich auf der Stabilität der Metall‐Kohlenstoff‐Bindung, der problemlosen Feinabstimmung der Ligandeneigenschaften, sowie dem leichten synthetischen Zugang zu derartigen Komplexen. Als Steuerliganden sind sie Bestandteil zahlreicher metallorganischer Verbindungen, die aktuell die Horizonte der Chemie in vielen Bereichen erweitern, zum Beispiel in Synthese und Anwendung von immobilisierten, wasserlöslichen oder asymmetrischen Systemen, die in organischen Transformationen als leistungsstarke Katalysatoren genutzt werden. Darüber hinaus finden Metall‐NHC‐Komplexe auch jenseits der Katalyse, z. B. in Medizin, Optik und Materialforschung, verstärkt Einsatzmöglichkeiten.
Begehrter Duftstoff aus der Retorte
Authors: Sheremet Michael
Published: August 2015

Der synthetische Riechstoff Cashmeran ist eine angesagte Zutat für Parfüms. Bislang fehlte es an Alternativen mit vergleichbarem Duftprofil. Forscher vom Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung und vom Schweizer Unternehmen Givaudan haben nun Abhilfe geschaffen und neue Cashmeran‐artige Duftstoffe hergestellt.
A phase 1 clinical trial of sequential pralatrexate followed by a 48‐hour infusion of 5‐fluorouracil given every other week in adult patients with solid tumors
Authors: Grem Jean L. , Kos Mary E. , Evande Ruby E. , Meza Jane L. , Schwarz James K.
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND

Pralatrexate (PDX) is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase that was rationally designed to improve cellular uptake and retention of the drug. Preclinical data have shown synergy with the sequential administration of a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor followed 24 hours later by 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU).

METHODS

Twenty‐seven patients were enrolled at 1 of 5 PDX dose levels from 75 to 185 mg/m2 on day 1 followed 24 hours later by 5‐FU at a dose of 3000 mg/m2/48 hours every 2 weeks with folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation. Baseline blood was collected for pharmacogenetic analysis of polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase.

RESULTS

Mucositis was the most common dose‐limiting toxicity. When the worst toxicities across all cycles were considered, grade 3 to 4 neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were found to have occurred in 14.8%, 14.8%, and 0% of patients, respectively. Grade 2 to 3 toxicities included mucositis (66.6%), dehydration (33.3%), fatigue (25.9%), and diarrhea (22.2%). Version 3.0 of the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria was used to grade toxicities The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 112 days (range, 28‐588 days). Seven patients (26%) had a PFS of >180 days (5 patients with colorectal cancer, 1 patient with pancreatic cancer, and 1 patient with non‐small cell lung cancer). Polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase did not correlate with toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS

The recommended dose of PDX was 148 mg/m2. A subset of heavily pretreated patients had PFS durations of ≥6 months with this regimen. Cancer 2015;121:3862–3868. © 2015 American Cancer Society.