bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capacity to Marry: The Minimum Age for Marriage in Cameroon and its Compliance with International Standards
Authors: Essama-Mekongo Pierrette
Published: June 2024

The Preamble of the Constitution of Cameroon Indent 17 affirms the Nation’s aim to protect and promote the family which is the natural foundation of human society as well as protecting women and the young. Families generally start with marriage. Protecting the family therefore implies protecting marriage which goes by setting rules for its validity and maintenance. For a marriage to be valid, parties must fulfil formalities and have capacity. Capacity to marry determines whether an individual may legally be entitled to get married or not. The minimum age for marriage is a key component of capacity to marry as no marriage is valid if contracted under that age. This stems from the fact that age determines other criteria such as the capacity to give valid consent and to comprehend marriage’s commitments. Setting the minimum age for marriage is a requirement enshrined in all relevant international human rights instruments ratified by Cameroon. The question is as to whether Cameroon’s domestic law on marriage complies with international standards. In order to tackle that question, the exegetic method has been used to extract the contents of the relevant international and national instruments, analyse and interpret them in order to determine whether and, if so, to what extent the Cameroonian law on marriage complies with international standards relating to the minimum age for marriage. It is found out that while Cameroonian law complies with some aspects of international standards, it is still lacking in others and that, the only solution is to amend the existing law so that it may fully comply with international precepts.
Emerging Trends and Innovations in Urban Mobility and Transportation Engineering
Authors: Smith Noah
Published: June 2024

This article explores recent advancements and innovative trends in urban mobility and transportation engineering. It delves into the resilience of transportation networks, automated machine learning applications, congestion prediction, sentiment analysis of electric vehicle discussions, advancements in air mobility, blockchain technology, query-based moment retrieval in videos, and person re-identification. By reviewing key contributions from various authors, including A Bauranov, S Parks, H Chen, and others, this paper highlights significant developments and insights into the future of transportation systems. The findings underscore the importance of technological integration, automation, and advanced computational techniques in modern transportation research.
The Surveillance After Extremity Tumor Surgery (SAFETY) Pilot International Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ghert Michelle
Published: June 2024

Background:Soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare malignancies predominantly found in the extremities, comprising less than 1% of all cancers. Surgery and radiation are standard treatments for localized STS, but post-operative surveillance is crucial due to a high recurrence rate, with lungs being the primary metastasis site. Post-treatment surveillance, involving clinical visits and thoracic imaging (chest x-ray – CXR, or computed tomography – CT scan), aims to detect recurrences early, but frequent imaging can cause anxiety and lead to false positives, while treatment options for systemic disease rarely result in cure. Current surveillance guidelines lack a robust evidence base, leading to variability in practice. Methods:The Surveillance AFter Extremity Tumor SurgerY (SAFETY) randomized controlled trial is a 2X2 factorial trial designed to determine the impact of surveillance frequency (every three versus six months) and imaging modality (CXR versus CT) on overall survival and other outcomes, including patient-reported outcomes. Eligible patients for the SAFETY trial are those 18 years or older who have undergone surgical excision of their localized grade II or III STS of the extremity and are without residual disease. Patients are randomized into four groups based on surveillance frequency and imaging modality. The SAFETY trial pilot phase, coordinated by McMaster University, involved 17 clinical sites across seven countries. The pilot phase assessed feasibility of patient enrolment, protocol adherence, and data quality, as well as aggregate outcomes at the two-year surveillance follow-up time point.Results:One-hundred patients were enrolled in the pilot phase of the SAFETY trial and completed the two-year surveillance protocol. The 100 patients were enrolled from a total of 300 patients screened across 17 international sites. Minor protocol deviations were common, mostly due to unscheduled clinic visits for wound complications. Follow-up, data completeness and data quality met the a priori feasibility metric of 85%. Of the 100 patients, 15 died, 21 had metastases, seven had local recurrence and 30 experienced at least one serious adverse event. The pilot phase informed necessary adjustments for the definitive trial, including increasing the number of participating sites to meet the definitive enrolment target.Conclusions:The SAFETY trial pilot phase established feasibility of enrolment and data quality, and confirmed the need to emphasize protocol adherence in the real world setting of sarcoma care. The ongoing SAFETY trial is projected to complete enrolment in 2024 and, once follow-up is complete, is expected to provide crucial evidence to standardize surveillance practices for STS patients, ultimately improving patient management and expectations.
All-Male Research Samples Discourage Accurate Science Communication
Authors: Bailey April , Dovidio John , Kunst Jonas R. , Juettemeier Marilena , LaFrance Marianne , Anjum Gulnaz , English Alexander Scott , Obaidi Milan , Sam David Lackland , Yaşın-Tekizoğlu Fatma , Collins Agyemang Badu
Published: June 2024

Research samples have historically overrepresented men, resulting in worse outcomes for women. Even when women are represented, inequity might persist due to underlying differences in how people reason about gender. Theories of androcentrism argue that, in general, people emphasize gender more about women than men. Based on this theory and building on prior archival work, we conducted three preregistered experiments (N = 1,315). Participants read scientific findings based either on all-male or all-female samples. For both, the gender homogeneity of the sample is a key limitation that should be noted when describing results. However, participants were more likely to pick women as a keyword to represent findings based on all-female samples (compared to leaving gender unlisted or listing both women and men) than to pick men to describe identical findings based on all-male samples. Grounded in androcentrism theory, this work has practical implications for accurate science communication and gender equity.
The Effect of Digital Transformation on Saudi Economics Growth
Authors: Al-Sahli Maha Nafi Munir , Bardesi Hisham Jameel
Published: June 2024

The study measures the effect of digital transformation on Saudi Arabia's economy from 2001 to 2022. Descriptive-analytical and econometrics models are used through E-views to achieve this goal. Linear regression was used to test the model, and unit root "Dickey-Fuller" was used to test the durability of the study, co-integration of the "Johansson" validation model, and causality test of Granger; this shows an inversely significant relationship between the number of operations in sales points (POS) and the gross domestic product (GDP). A parallel relationship exists between fixed broadband subscriptions (BS), gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), and labor force (L). The study shows that the dependent variables, the number of POS, BS, GFCF, and L, are all significant factors for the independent variable, GDP, caused by forming an integration relationship between the long-term and short-term. Also, there is a two-way reciprocal causality relationship between GDP and POS and a one-way reciprocal causality between GDP and BS, GFCF, and L. The study recommends improving telecom infrastructure to increase the speed of Wi-Fi and make it available in each location at a low cost.
The Theocentric Energy-Consciousness Model
Authors: Grasso Otangelo
Published: June 2024

The following write-up provides a thought-provoking model for conceptualizing the relationship between God, consciousness, energy, and the physical universe. The proposal touches on complex topics from multiple disciplines, including physics, philosophy of mind, theology, and metaphysics.The core argument in the following proposal1. Fundamental uncertainty about energy: Despite our ability to measure and mathematically describe energy, its intrinsic nature or "essence" remains elusive in physics. This gap in our understanding opens the door for metaphysical inquiry.2. Energy as a manifestation of divine power: The proposal suggests viewing energy as an emanation or actualization of God's power. This perspective offers a metaphysical explanation for energy's fundamental yet mysterious nature in physics.3. Consciousness as a fundamental aspect: The framework posits consciousness, alongside energy, as a fundamental aspect of reality, rooted in God's nature. This addresses the hard problem of consciousness by making it as fundamental as physical properties.4. Bridging mind and matter: By grounding both physical (energy) and mental (consciousness) aspects in God's nature, the proposal offers a unique solution to the mind-body problem.5. Reframing creation: Instead of creation ex nihilo, this model suggests creation as an actualization of God's eternal attributes. This addresses metaphysical challenges associated with something coming from absolute nothingness.6. Divine immanence and transcendence: The framework provides a way to understand God's presence within the universe (immanence) through energy, while maintaining His existence beyond it (transcendence).7. Compatibility with science and scripture: The proposal aims to be compatible with scientific observations while also aligning with biblical concepts and verses traditionally associated with creation.8. Addressing philosophical challenges: This framework offers novel approaches to longstanding philosophical issues, including the nature of space, the Trinity, and the problem of evil.The argument posits that by viewing energy and consciousness as fundamental aspects of God's nature, we can create a coherent metaphysical framework that bridges theology, philosophy, and science. This approach offers potential resolutions to various philosophical and theological challenges while remaining open to scientific understanding.
Memory, Power, and Resistance: How Urban Collectives in São Paulo Contest the Dominant Memory through their Places
Authors: da Silva Marcos Virgílio
Published: June 2024

Grupo de Pesquisa do Mestrado em Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Design do Centro Universitário Belas Artes de São Paulo
Association between caregiver and infant visual neurocognition.
Authors: Theyer Aimee , Davidson Christina , Amaireh Ghada , Wijeakumar Sobanawartiny
Published: June 2024

Previous work has shown that caregiver attention shapes visual cognition in infants through dyadic interactions. Is this association measurable when visual cognition is objectively measured in caregivers and infants using comparable experimental paradigms? In the current study, we presented infants (N=86) and caregivers (N=78) with age-specific variants of the same preferential looking visual cognition task to investigate whether caregiver visual cognition was associated with their infants’ visual cognition. In each trial of the task, two side-by-side flashing displays of colored shapes were presented. On the ‘unchanging’ side, the colors of the shapes remained the same. On the ‘changing’ side, the color of one shape changed after each flash. Load was varied by changing the number of shapes across trials (low, medium, and high loads). We extracted looking dynamics using video recordings and brain function using functional near-infrared spectroscopy as both infants and caregivers engaged with the task. Change preference (CP) score, which represented the amount of time spent looking at the changing side divided by the total looking duration, showed a load-dependent modulation for both infants and caregivers. Both groups showed the highest CP scores at the low load. Further, higher caregiver CP scores was associated with higher infant CP scores at the low load. Both infants and caregivers engaged canonical regions of the fronto-parietal network involved in visual cognition. Critically, higher caregiver CP scores were associated with greater activation in the left superior parietal lobule in younger infants, a region involved in allocating visuo-spatial attention and working memory maintenance. Further, there was spatial overlap between performance-dependent regions in the right parietal cortex in caregivers and younger infants. Our findings provide first evidence of a heritability-related visual neurocognitive association between caregivers and their children in the first year of life.
Explaining change and stability in social-ecological transformations from a morphogenetic approach
Authors: Peña Rodrigo Martinez , Orach Kirill , Olsson Pero , Schlüter Maja
Published: June 2024

Studies on social-ecological transformations have explained change and no-change at systemic level through and overlooked the contribution of agents that keep the system from changing and how their actions respond to their position, which constitutes a critical analytical gap due to the limited success of societies at transforming social-ecological systems. However, when it comes to analysing underlying dynamics, frameworks focus on key agents of change, such as institutional entrepreneurs. This approach overlooks the contribution of agents that keep the system from changing, which constitutes a critical analytical gap due to the limited success of societies at transforming social-ecological systems. We advance an analytical strategy that tackles this gap by explicitly accounting for both causes of change and no-change. This view links agent’s motivations and courses of action to their positionality. We draw from social realism’s morphogenetic approach to analytically distinguish between material and ideational drivers of action, identify situations that bring them about, and account for their relations. To operationalize this view, we trace actors’ interaction and how they lead to outcomes. We rely on the social-ecological action situations framework. This combined approach renders explicit: a) the constitution of material interests by both ecosystemic processes and social structures; b) the relations of compatibility/incompatibility between groups’ material interest; and c) the role of social-ecological interaction in shaping discursive relations of compatibility/incompatibility among actor groups. We illustrate the usefulness of this approach by applying it to the well-documented case of governance transformation of Chilean small-scale fisheries
Introduction to “PRISMA-COSMIN for Outcome Measurement Instruments 2024”
Authors: Lapin Brittany , Boehnke Jan R.
Published: June 2024

This is the introductory editorial to the Quality of Life Research issue that publishes the “PRISMA-COSMIN for Outcome Measurement Instruments 2024” guideline and commentaries in response to it.
Strengthening Croatian-UK Research Ties through Network, Collaborations and Initiatives for Scientific Diaspora
Authors: Pale Una , Savić Luka , Novkoski Filip
Published: June 2024

This study examines the motivations, experiences, and collaborative engagements of Croatian researchers in the United Kingdom with their counterparts in Croatia. Utilizing a questionnaire answered by 40 Croatian scientists in the UK, the study investigates motivations for relocating, the nature and extent of their scientific collaborations, and their perceptions of research environments in both countries. Results indicate a strong desire for increased collaboration despite significant challenges such as a lack of institutional support, a clear information gap, and networking opportunities. The majority of researchers left Croatia before they managed to form connections with potential collaborators, thus infrastructure and opportunities for forming such networks are needed. The study also discusses the impact of the "Map of Croatian Scientists" project, highlighting its potential to foster networking and improve collaborative ties. Moreover, ideas and recommendations coming from researchers themselves are listed and include increasing awareness of research opportunities and funding, as well as facilitating better connectivity within the Croatian scientific diaspora through networking events. Through these insights, the paper contributes to understanding how transnational scientific networks can be more effectively nurtured to benefit both the researchers, scientific progress and innovation.
Introduction & Method Systematic Literature Review - What influences the relationship between workplace bullying and work engagement among private sector employees
Authors: Hidayatullah Muhammad Syarif
Published: June 2024

Workplace bullying, characterized by repeated harassment and negative impacts on job duties, significantly affects employees' physical and mental health, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to explore the mechanisms that influence the relationship between workplace bullying and work engagement among private sector employees. Following the PRISMA guidelines, empirical studies published between 2013 and 2024 were reviewed from databases such as Scopus, Medline, SAGE Journals, Emerald, and ScienceDirect. The search strategy employed Boolean operators to include terms related to workplace bullying and work engagement. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to ensure the relevance and quality of the studies reviewed. Data were extracted and synthesized to identify common themes and findings related to the mediating and moderating variables influencing the relationship between workplace bullying and work engagement. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting this relationship to inform future research and practical interventions in the private sector.
Elevated Parkinsonism Symptoms in Autism During Middle and Older Adulthood are Linked with Psychosocial, Physical Health, and Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Wallace Gregory , Said Alex Job , McQuaid Goldie
Published: June 2024

Evidence is growing for a link between parkinsonism, or the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease, and autism. However, research to date has yet to examine whether the presence of these motoric symptoms impacts critical adult outcomes in autism. Therefore, the current study utilized a screening measure to bifurcate a relatively large (n=379) sample of middle and older age autistic adults (40-83 years) into parkinsonism screen positive (n=119) versus parkinsonism screen negative (n=260) groups in order to compare them on broad metrics of daily living skills and subjective quality of life as well as non-motoric features linked to Parkinson’s disease, namely memory problems, sleep quality, and depression symptoms. Overall, co-occurring parkinsonism was linked with lower subjective quality of life, more memory problems, lower sleep quality, and greater depression symptoms in autistic adults. Taken together, these findings implicate an important co-occurring motoric phenotype in middle and older adulthood for autistic people that could have significant real-world impacts yet has been largely neglected in the extant literature to date.
Disgust processing differences and their neural correlates in autistic youth
Authors: Jayashankar Aditya , Kilroy Emily , Ringold Sofronia M , Butera Christiana , McGuire Riley , Aziz-Zadeh Lisa
Published: June 2024

While there is some data indicating increased pica behaviors in autism, disgust processing differences in autism (ASD) have been less explored. Here, we examined disgust processing behaviorally and neurally in autistic youth. Participants (25 ASD; 24 typically developing [TD]; aged 8-17) completed disgust proneness measures and underwent fMRI scans while viewing pictures depicting physical disgust (disgusting food), or social vicarious disgust (disgust facial expressions). Behaviorally, the ASD group reported significantly higher disgust proneness compared to the TD group. Neurally, during physical disgust conditions, the ASD group versus the TD group showed significantly less activity in emotion-related regions (anterior [AI] and mid-insula [MI], amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex [vmPFC], medial orbitofrontal cortex [mOFC]) and more activity in the posterior insula (PI). During social disgust conditions, the ASD group showed significantly more activity in the amygdala, AI, anterior cingulate, vmPFC/mOFC, and less activity in the MI, PI, and fusiform areas. Across participants, right MI and bilateral mOFC activity was associated with disgust processing and connectivity patterns during both conditions were significantly correlated with individual differences in disgust proneness. Altogether, these results indicate that the ASD group has increased disgust proneness and differences in numerous emotion-related brain regions when visually processing disgust. Further, differences in disgust processing may result from MI and mOFC activity and connectivity differences.
Seeing social interactions: a dynamical systems perspective
Authors: Varlet Manuel , Richardson Michael J
Published: June 2024

Perceiving and understanding social interactions is critical for a range of everyday human activities. In their recent review, McMahon and Isik propose that social interactions are seen rather than recognised, supported by low-level and largely automatic visual processes in the human brain rather than higher-level social cognitive processes. They argued that the human visual system not only has the capacity to process individual person properties but also higher-level between-person interactional properties. Here we extend this view by providing evidence from the interpersonal coordination literature that social interactions can be understood as complex dynamical systems whose underlying interactional properties are perceived via low-dimensional spatiotemporal information directly detected by the visual system.
The relationship between message frequency and session evaluation in SNS counseling: An examination of listening attitudes through role-playing
Authors: Suzuki Yuka , Chihiro Hatanaka , Nakayama Masataka , Konakawa Hisae , Sugihara Yasushi
Published: June 2024

As communication tools have shifted to Social Networking Services (SNS) in recent years, especially among the younger generation, the use of text-based online counseling services is spreading rapidly in Japan. With this shift, SNS counseling is now mainly provided by temporarily trained paraprofessionals and non-professionals under the supervision of more experienced professionals, and there is an urgent need to train counselors with high levels of expertise. However, there is a great lack of basic research in Japan, and empirical findings have not yet been obtained on even rough indicators that distinguish highly specialized counseling from non-specialized counseling. In this study, therefore, we conducted a role-play survey of SNS counseling and examined how the counselor's attitude of “listening” appears, using message volume and session evaluations as analytical indices. The results of this analysis revealed that there were two main features of the “listening” attitude in SNS counseling. In SNS counseling, counselors need to talk more than in face-to-face counseling to understand the situation and to clearly express empathy, while providing a place where the client can talk freely and a lot. The SNS counselors are expected to take a seemingly contradictory, therefore difficult, way of being. It can be said that although the basic essence of “listening” attitude is the same between SNS consultation and face-to-face psychotherapy, the actual expression of this attitude is different, and the suggestion of this point is probably the most significant of this study.
Higher CRP associated with loss of libido and increased appetite in young adult Pacific New Zealanders
Authors: Gossage Lisa , Narayanan Ajit , Siegert Richard John , Dipnall Joanne , Berk Michael , Sumich Alexander , Wrapson Wendy , Tautolo El-Shadan
Published: June 2024

Background: There is evidence to show that certain subgroups of depressed people also exhibit raised levels of chronic, systemic inflammation. This study tested the hypotheses that associations between inflammation and depression would be more likely for the somatic symptoms of depression and, within this symptom cluster, most likely for those symptoms characteristic of the atypical depression subtype (increased appetite, hypersomnia, and fatigue).Methods: Mixed graphical models were fitted to a community sample of New Zealand born, Pacific young adults (N=239; 40% male; mean age = 19.85 (SD = 0.35) to identify associations between inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a)) with depression subscales and individual depression symptoms, after adjusting for covariates. Results: There was evidence of associations between higher CRP with loss of libido and increased appetite, pre and post covariate adjustment. There were no associations between CRP with appetite disturbance measured as a composite symptom, which conflated increased and decreased appetite, nor with appetite decreases. High body mass index (BMI) was robustly associated with higher CRP and also with loss of pleasure and self-dislike, but not with increased appetite. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that the depression-inflammation link is being driven by some somatic depression symptoms, and partially endorse links between inflammation and atypical depression subtype. The findings also provide some evidence for the existence of a depression phenotype, typified by immune and metabolic dysregulation, and increased appetite, and demonstrate the importance of disaggregating symptoms related to appetite into increased and decreased.
Quantum-tunnelling deep neural networks for sociophysical neuromorphic AI
Authors: Maksymov Ivan
Published: June 2024

The discovery of the quantum tunnelling effect---the transmission of particles through a high potential barrier---was one of the most impressive achievements of quantum mechanics made in the 1920s. Responding to the contemporary challenges, I introduce a novel deep neural network (DNN) architecture that processes information using the effect of quantum tunnelling. I demonstrate the ability of the quantum tunnelling DNN (QT-DNN) to recognise optical illusions like a human. Hardware implementation of QT-DNN is expected to result in an inexpensive and energy-efficient neuromorphic chip suitable for applications in autonomous vehicles. The optical illusions recognition tests developed in this paper should lay foundations for cognitive benchmarking tasks for AI systems of the future, benefiting the fields of sociophysics and behavioural science.
How do passionate sport fans feel? An examination using a quadripartite approach
Authors: Schellenberg Benjamin J. I. , Verner-Filion Jeremie , Gaudreau Patrick
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this research was to test if the ways sport fans felt while supporting their favourite teams – both in terms of typical feelings and changes in feelings over time – were associated with different combinations of harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP) for being a sports fan. We conducted two studies in which fans reported how they typically felt while watching their favourite teams (Study 1, N = 430), and how they were feeling at three time points throughout an 8-month season (Study 2, N = 418). The results showed that the most adaptive fan outcomes (i.e., low negative feelings, high positive feelings and enjoyment) were associated with high HP combined with low OP. In contrast, the least adaptive fan outcomes (i.e., high negative feelings, low positive feelings and enjoyment) were associated with low HP combined with high OP. These results help us understand more about how the feelings of sports fans are shaped by combinations of HP and OP.
Faculty Inclusion before and after COVID-19: Investigating the Effects of Caregiving, Health, and Gender
Authors: Liu Shuyin , Smith-Doerr Laurel , Clark Dessie Lee , Misra Joya
Published: June 2024

Despite much research on the immediate disparate impacts of COVID-19 on faculty members, less work considers longer-term disparities. We examine the continuing pandemic effects on faculty equity and inclusion. Survey data from before (2018) and after (2022) the acute pandemic period show a significant decline in faculty’s feelings of inclusion, controlling for gender and caregiving status, race, sexuality, rank, and field. On average, faculty feel that campus life has gotten worse since the pandemic. Controlling for demographic variables, faculty with health disadvantages feel more excluded. Interestingly, simply being a caregiver does not predict greater feelings of exclusion; however, faculty whose caregiving responsibilities took them away from work during the pandemic feel more excluded. Research on the continuing unequal effects of the pandemic is needed to address and improve feelings of inclusion, and thus to retain a more diverse faculty.
A Study Of Laurie R. King’s The Mary Russell Series As A Bildungsroman Of A Female Detective
Authors: Benazir Sk
Published: June 2024

From its inception, Detective Fiction had been largely a male-dominated genre of literature with both the protagonist and authors being male members of society. Women were portrayed mainly as side characters to further the narrative’s plot line. However, with time women writers also began to explore the genre and brought along with them potent female detectives as the protagonist. This paper strives to provide a brief analysis of the character of Mary Russell, who is shown since her formative years in the series by Laurie R. King, and how she attempts to establish Russell’s identity as a professional detective is shown in the form of a female bildungsroman.
बैष्णव धर्ममा अवतारवाद
Authors: अधिकारी सुशीलकुमार
Published: June 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख बैष्णव धर्ममा अवतारवादसम्बद्ध समस्यामा केन्द्रित छ भने यसको समाधान अमानुष अवतार, मानुष अवतार र मनुष्यको देवत्वकरणका आधारमा भएको छ । यो लेख गुणात्मक अनुसन्धधान विधि र पुस्तकालयबाट सङ्कलित द्वितीयक सामग्रीका आधारमा विश्लेषण र अर्थापन भएको छ । सनातन संस्कृतिको आवरणमा रहेको हिन्दूधर्मको एक सम्प्रदाय वा धार्मिक समूह बैष्णव हो । भगवान् विष्णुलाई शक्तिशाली, पालन र तारणहारको प्रतिबिम्बका रूपमा स्थापित गरी यसैका विभिन्न समयमा विभिन्न अवतारको परिकल्पना गरी मानव उद्धार र मोक्षको कारकका रूपमा निर्माण भएका भाष्यमा अवतारवादको विशेष चर्चा भएको छ । अवतारको पृथ्वीमा अवतरण हुनुको तात्पर्य धर्मको रक्षा रहेको विषयलाई प्राथमिकतापूर्वक व्याख्या गर्ने हिन्दूग्रन्थमा अवतारमा विविधता रहे पनि बैष्णव धर्मले भने मत्स्य, कुर्म, बराह, नृसिंह, वामन, परशुराम, राम, कृष्ण र बुद्धको अवतार अवतरित भई धर्म रक्षा गरिसकेको भाष्य निर्माण गरेका छन् । हिन्दू धर्मले स्वीकार गरेका सबै देवताले पृथ्वीमा अवतार धारण गरेको विषय पौराणिक साहित्यले विवेचना गरे पनि विष्णुकै अवतारमात्र केन्द्रीय विषय बनेको अवतारवादमा दशौं अवतार अवतीर्ण हुन बाँकी रहेको तथा त्यसको नाम कल्की रहेको विषय प्रस्तुत भएको यस लेखमा बैष्णव धर्ममा अवतार र अवतारवादको विषयमा भएका अवधारणामाथि विमर्श भएको छ ।
Determinants of online purchase intention: A case of Developing Nation
Authors: Mishra Udgam , Kapair Rekha
Published: June 2024

The main objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of online purchase inten-tiones. The study examines the influence of the trust, convenience and service quality on the intention to make online purchases. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain cross-sectional data from 281 individuals residing in the Koshi Province of Nepal. The data were further examined with structural equation modelling. Amos 21 was utilised to analyse the collected data. The results demonstrate that trust has a positive and substantial influence on the intention to make online purchases. Furthermore, it is important to note that convenience and service quality significantly influence online purchase intention. The study builds upon existing research by examining the impact of trust, convenience and service quality on online purchase intention. Although the literature on this topic is still scant, it is graduallygrowing. The findings will be advantageous for marketers and regulators when formulating and executing policies aimed at enticing individuals to engage in online purchases.
Sociodemographic profile of geriatric patients attending psychiatry department in a tertiary care center
Authors: Neupane Bastabika , Pradhan Sudarshan Narsingh , Sharma Subash , Sharma Basnet Rachana
Published: June 2024

Introduction: With rise in life expectancy, the elderly population is increasing globally and in Nepal. With increasing age, medical and psychiatric co-morbidities have become a challenge. This study aimed to study sociodemographic profile and associated life stressors in geriatric population attending psychiatric unit in tertiary care center.
Method: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among 101 elderly patients and diagnosis was made as per ICD-10 DCR (Diagnostic Criteria for Research) criteria. PSLES (Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale) was used to identify various stressful life events. Analysis of descriptive variable were done using MS Excel.
Result: Study conducted among 101 elderly patients showed that most patients had depression 50(49.50%) and among 51 stressful events as per PSLES, 19 were present in participants. Among 50 patients diagnosed as depression, 7(14.00%) had mild, 39(78.00%) had moderate, 4(8.00%) had mild depression. Stressful life events were significantly associated with geriatric depression.
Conclusion: It was seen that depression was the commonest diagnosis among the elderly people attending psychiatric outpatient clinic and stressful life events were present.
Osteomyelitis of phalanx and salvage using the Masquelet technique
Authors: Giri Piyush , Kunwar Sushma , Khadka Karuna , Pokhrel Shrinkhala , Pandey Pratishtha
Published: June 2024

A fingertip has precise functional roles of fine movement, touch, and sensory functions. Its injury majorly hampers not only the functional aspect but also carries great aesthetic significance. Osteomyelitis is a serious bone infection that presents a complex clinical challenge that demands a multidisciplinary approach. The integration of antimicrobial therapy, surgical intervention, and bone reconstruction is often considered the mainstay of treatment. We report a case of osteomyelitis of finger management and bony defect reconstruction using the Masquelet technique for good functional outcome and preservation of the finger.
Understanding plagiarism
Authors: Pradhan Nabees Man Singh
Published: June 2024

Plagiarism is copying ideas, thoughts, and others’ work and presenting them as one’s own without acknowledgment which is akin to intellectual property theft. A meta-analysis found that the researchers
admitting to plagiarism or other forms of scientific misconduct is at 2.9 percent. While people are hesitant to admit themselves indulged in plagiarism and other scientific misconduct, they are upfront in pointing out at others. This has been shown in one of the studies where 1.7 percent have admitted to plagiarism while the witness to plagiarism is at 30 percent. The next most prevalent form of plagiarism is stealing others’ ideas and passing them on as their own without acknowledging them. A meta-analysis revealed that 15.5% of researchers witnessed others who had committed at least one Research Misconduct, while 39.7% were aware of others who had used at least one Questionable Research Practice.2
Plagiarism is a pervasive issue that has plagued the scientific community and the academic world for a long time. On the one hand, it stains the integrity of the researcher while on the other, it renders the credibility of the institutions questionable. Ethical bodies and scientific journals play a pivotal role in identifying, preventing, and addressing issues of plagiarism to preserve the trust and faith of the scientific community.
Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy: A Promising Future for Sustainable Power Generation
Authors: Dahal Suman
Published: June 2024

The increasing global demand for electrical energy has led to a renewed interest in fusion research over the past couple of decades. As the world seeks environment-friendly and sustainable energy sources, fusion energy stands out as a potential solution to meet the ever-growing energy needs. Plasma physics and fusion energy research have gained significant momentum as potential solutions to address the ever-increasing global energy demand while mitigating environmental concerns. Fusion energy, mimicking the energy production mechanism of stars, holds immense promise as a safe, clean, and virtually limitless source of power. This research article provides an overview of plasma physics, explores the principles of fusion energy, and highlights the current advancements and challenges in this field. This research utilized a qualitative approach, incorporating a comprehensive literature review and data collection from scientific publications and databases. The findings were analyzed, synthesized, and interpreted, providing insights into the current state of plasma physics and fusion energy, including technological advancements, challenges, and future directions. It emphasizes the importance of continued research and development to unlock the full potential of fusion energy and pave the way toward a sustainable future.
Empirical Topical, Oral and Combination of Topical and Oral Antibiotics in Treatment of Chronic Otitis Media Mucosal Active: A Comparative Study
Authors: Khatri Suman , Chettri Shyam Thapa , Shah Shankar Prasad , Shrestha Sonika Dhari , Paneru Manisha
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Chronic otitis media is a common problem in Nepal. Due to overzealous use of expensive oral antibiotics there arise possibilities of severe systemic side effects. Such comparative study has not been done in the context of Nepal. This study will help to find the effective and better treatment modality for treatment of chronic otitis media.Materials and Methods: Among 300 patients above 14 years of age diagnosed with COM mucosal active were divided into 3 treatment groups randomly (100 in each group): Topical chloramphenicol (Group A), Oral Amoxicillin (Group B) and Combination of both oral Amoxicillin and topical chloramphenicol (Group C). Patients were followed up after two weeks and reassessment was done.Results: Out of 100 patients of each groups 77% following treatment with topical antibiotic, 80% following treatment with combination of oral and topical antibiotics and 69% following treatment with oral antibiotic only had resolution of ear discharge.This shows that there is no statistical significant difference in the outcome of treatment of patient with COM mucosal active with above three different antibiotic categories (p = 0.176).Conclusion: There is no significant difference in outcome of treatment of COM mucosal active disease with topical chloramphenicol ear drop or oral amoxicillin or combination of both topical chloramphenicol and oral amoxicillin.
Vaginal Bleeding in Early Pregnancy: Patterns, Predictors and Association with Misacarriage
Authors: Ansari Sana , Shah Ravi Kumar , Ansari Meraj Alam , Mushtaq Rehana , Deep Jagat Prasad , Khatun Tarannum , Shrestha Ruby , Shah Pravin
Published: June 2024

Introduction: First trimester vaginal bleeding is common in pregnancy; however, few data have described the distribution characteristics and predictors of early bleeding episodes. Bleeding characteristics such as heaviness, duration, timing and color predictive of miscarriage were identified. Maternal conditions (Diabetes, Thyroid disease, Fibroids), prior pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage, induced abortion), reproductive tract infections, smoking and alcohol intake are also predictive of bleeding. Women who report heavy bleeding has nearly three times the risk of miscarriage compared to women without bleeding. This study is carried out to evaluate the association between patterns of bleeding in early pregnancy and the occurrence of miscarriage as well as to identify the maternal characteristics that predict bleeding in early pregnancy including maternal age, maternal co morbidities, prior history of abortion and cycle characteristics.Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study conducted at tertiary care hospital for a period of one year from December 2022 to December 2023. A total of 164 singleton gestation with vaginal bleeding up to 24 weeks with meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after taking consent.Results: Among all the participants (n= 164) only 6.70 % of women with bleeding reported heavy bleeding, of the spotting and light bleeding episodes (n= 153), 23.52% were associated with pain. Among heavy episodes (n= 11), 100 % were associated with pain. Most episode lasted less than 3 days and most occurred between gestational weeks 5 to 8. 4.87% of women with bleeding experienced Complete abortion, 20.73% of women experienced Incomplete abortion,14.02% experienced Missed abortion, 9.75% experienced Threatened abortion, 4.87% experienced Inevitable abortion, 15.24% had Ectopic pregnancy, 11.58% had Subchorionic hemorrhage, 12.80% had Blighted ovum and 6.09% had Vesicular Mole. Maternal characteristics associated with bleeding include fibroids, prior miscarriage, thyroid disease, abnormal BMI, Smoking, Mullerian anomalies, Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus, Pelvic infections and Menstrual cycle irregularities.Conclusion: Consistent with the hypothesis that bleeding is a marker for placental dysfunction, bleeding is most likely to be observed around the time of the luteal-placental shift.
Industrial Development in Nepal: Navigating Challenges and Harnessing Opportunities
Authors: Nepal Govind
Published: June 2024

Nepal’s Industrial policy has traversed through various phases. A comprehensive industrial revolution plan is imperative for fostering the prosperity and development of the nation. In this backdrop, this paper aims to present challenges and opportunities of industrial development in Nepal. Despite efforts directed to industrial development since the 1930s, Nepal has been struggling to establish a sustainable foundation for industry. Presently, Nepal is confronted with multiple problems inducing stagnation, inching deindustrialization, with the zenith of industrialization reached in the 1990s. Even with an apparent increase in the number of industries and capital investments as per company registrations, a significant portion of these registered entities remains non-operational. Moreover, structural issues within the sector, coupled with entrenched rigidities among stakeholders, have hindered its resurgence. Nevertheless, genuine commitment to investment and program implementation remains elusive. Poor investment in research & development and innovation, stagnation has exacerbated the issue. Furthermore, unclear industrial development perspectives, high production costs, interest rate volatility, inadequate trade and industrial infrastructure and insufficient backward and forward linkages, protracted registration processes, and an unpredictable investment climate collectively have impeded industrial progress. To revive industrial development, significant investment in industrial and trade infrastructure, including roads, telecommunications, and electricity should be built. Simplifying legal provisions, implementing import substitution strategies, exploring international markets, and upholding quality standards are imperative for industrial development. Commitments should be towards green industrial policies. Finally, technical interventions must be accompanied by a shift in bureaucratic and leadership mindsets.
التخطيط المصرفي
Authors: حسين فاخر ألبيس  , أ. م .هندرين حسن حسين فارس  , أ.م.د. سهيلة عبد الزهرة
Published: June 2024

ان متانة البنية المصرفية اصبحت من الضروريات في بناء الاقتصاد المزدهر ويتبنى نظم الحداثة والتطور المستدام , لذلك فإن الدور الذي يقوم به النظام المصرفي في اي اقتصاد هو توفير الاليات والقنوات التي تعمل على تخطيط مصرفي  سليم . فالتخطيط المصرفي عملية عقلية في اساسها وميل ذهني الى اداء الاشياء بطريقة مانعة , اذ ان التخطيط تفكير قبل القيام بالإداء , ويعد إداء في ضوء الحقائق والتخمين. فإن ادارة المصرف تسعى ومن خلال التخطيط الوصول للأهداف الربحية وتخفيض حجم المخاطر المحتملة. إذ تتعاظم وظيفة وأهمية التخطيط المصرفي وبالذات طويل الأجل في عالم المصارف , إذ أن  البيئة التي تتواجد بها المصارف سريعة بالتغيير وتولد درجة عالية من عدم التأكد التي تكتنف عملية اتخاذ القرار من قبل الادارة في المصارف.
Abdullah Khan, A Man from Motihari
Authors: Samim Haidar
Published: June 2024

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Student Perseption of Classroom Interior Comfort
Authors: Judhi Julius , Z Andi Zulestari , Ikayanti Palupi
Published: June 2024

Politeknik Negeri Pontianak merupakan kampus yang mencetak lulusan vokasi terapan menjadi tujuan para siswa lulusan sekolah menengah atas dari berbagai daerah untuk belajar dan kuliah. Mereka yang diterima sebagai mahasiswa Polnep memerlukan sarana dan prasarana perkuliahan yang dapat memberikan kenyamanan dan keamanan guna memperlancar proses pendidikan dan pembelajaran di kampus. Saat ini kampus Polnep yang terdiri dari delapan Jurusan memberikan gambaran kebutuhan prasarana ruang kelas untuk mereka belajar. Kondisi ruang kelas yang ada di 8 jurusan dan 1 gedung kuliah teori menunjukkan kondisi yang berbeda-beda terkait persyaratan ruang. Perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai persepsi mahasiswa terhadap kenyamanan ruang kelas yang dikaitkan dengan elemen-elemen ruang dalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi dengan memvisualisasikan aktifitas ruang kelas dan metode kuantitatif dengan kuesioner terhadap pelaku ruang kelas. Kajian ini akan memberikan masukan bagi pengelola lembaga kampus untuk perbaikan prasarana kelas ke depannya dan untuk memperkaya bahan perkuliahan Perancangan Ruang Dalam.
Ruang Terbuka Publik Dengan Tema Coronavirus Disease 2019 Memorial Park Sebagai Refleksi Terhadap Normal Baru
Authors: Syafriadi Syafriadi , Widhiastuti Rahayu
Published: June 2024

Abstrak: Dunia digemparkan dengan mewabahnya virus mutasi baru yang bermula dari Wuhan yang memiliki penyebaran sangat cepat sehingga menyebar kepenjuru negara termasuk Indonesia. Virus ini kemudia diberi nama Coronavirus Disease 2019 atau disingkat COVID-19. Berbagai macam multidisiplin ilmu mempelajari virus ini dari penyebaran, pencegahan, serta dampak dari virus ini. Penyebaran covid-19 semakin meningkat diseluruh wilayah Indonesia dengan kasus yang naik-turun menjadi perhatian penting pada bidang medis. Dampak lain dari adanya virus ini adalah berubahnya budayanongkrong pada masyarakat di Indonesia khususnya di Kota Pontianak yang memiliki budaya nongkrong di warung kopi yang kental. Pada tahun 2022 tingkat pencegahan melalui vaksiniasi di Indonesia mencapai angka yang cukup baik yakni 57,7%. HerdImmunity atau kekebalan suatu kelompok merupakan keadaan di mana suatu populasi dapat terlindung dari virus sehingga kemungkinan virus ini dianggap flu biasa nantinya juga dapat terjadi sehingga masyarakat perlahan melupakan adanya kejadian yang pernah melanda seluruh dunia. Melalui Memorial Park, masyarakat diajak untuk refleksi terhadap memori yang terjadi tahun 2020-2022 silam serta membangkitkan kembali budaya nongkrong dengan adaptasi baru.