bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Mixer Truck Wash Water of a Ready-mix Concrete Batching Plant Using a Low Cost Modified Sand Filter
Authors: CIAWI YENNI , PARIARTHA I PUTU GUSTAVE SURYANTARA , KRISTIANTO AYUB BENNY
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK
Pembangunan infrastruktur dan perumahan membutuhkan beton dalam jumlah besar, yang sebagian dipasok oleh pabrik beton siap pakai. Tingginya kebutuhan air dan produksi air limbah oleh industri ini menyebabkan masalah lingkungan yang signifikan. Sebuah pabrik beton di Bali mengolah air limbahnya dengan lima kolam sedimentasi sederhana yang dilengkapi dengan saringan ijuk antar kolam dan kemudian air hasil olahan dibuang ke hutan bakau di sekitarnya. Meskipun nilai Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) telah diturunkan dari 316,149 mg/L menjadi 146 mg/L, air limbah ini masih berpotensi merusak biota hutan bakau. Padahal, air bisa didaur ulang untuk membersihkan peralatan atau bahkan menjadi air proses. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang proses pengolahan yang sederhana dan murah beserta peralatannya. Air limbah yang berasal dari bak pengendapan di pabrik beton siap pakai diolah di laboratorium menggunakan tawas tetapi hasilnya tidak memuaskan sehingga dipilih metode fisika dengan menggunakan kolam sedimentasi dan saringan pasir lambat yang dimodifikasi, dan berhasil menurunkan nilai COD sebesar 82,83% pada pH 12,27 dan mendaur ulang 84% air limbah atau 26,7% kebutuhan air total industri ini.
Kata kunci: pengolahan air limbah, beton siap pakai, desain bangunan, daur ulang air
 
ABSTRACT
Infrastructure and housing developments require vast quantities of concrete, which are supplied by the ready-mix concrete (RMC) batching plant. This industry's high water demand and wastewater generation have caused significant environmental problems. An RMC batching plant in the southern part of Bali produces liquid waste, which is disposed of into the surrounding mangrove forests after being treated using five sequential unlined wash water ponds and palm fibre. Although the COD value has been decreased from 316.149 mg/L of untreated wastewater to 146 mg/L after treatment, this still has the potential to harm the mangrove biota. On the other hand, the water can still be reclaimed for cleaning purposes or even incorporated into process water. The work aims to design a low cost and simple wastewater recycling process and equipment. Wastewater was collected from the existing settling basin at the RMC batching plant and treated in the laboratory. It was found that the chemical treatment of wastewater using alum did not produce satisfactory results; therefore, a physical method was chosen by employing a sedimentation pond and a modified slow sand filter. It removed 82.83% of the COD at pH 12.270 and reclaimed 84% wash water or 26.7% of total water needed for this industry.
Keywords: wastewater treatment, ready-mix concrete, building design, water recycles
Adaptation of Coastal and Small Island Communities on the Assessment and Application of Clean Water Technology Provision
Authors: PRATAMA REBA ANINDYAJATI , HANIF MUHAMMAD
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAKPemenuhan akses air bersih yang laik bagi masyarakat merupakan isu ke-6 dari 17 isu tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan (TPB). Tujuan berkelanjutan ini bertumpu pada pilar ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan yang diperkuat oleh peran teknologi. Kawasan pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil memiliki tantangan yang relatif lebih besar ditengah isu perubahan iklim dalam memenuhi ketersediaan air bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model aplikasi teknologi tepat guna melalui analisis adaptasi masyarakat dalam pemenuhan akses air bersih. Masyarakat desa Mare Kofo dan Mare Gam di Pulau Mare, Provinsi Maluku Utara yang terdiri dari ketua RT/RW dan pemangku kepentingan setempat sebagai object dalam riset ini. Metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif digunakan untuk menginvestigasi tingkat adaptasi masyarakat. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahap pengumpulan data sekunder skala kota, pengamatan lapangan dan wawancara.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Pulau Mare telah melakukan adaptasi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih dengan menggunakan sumur bor komunal yang dikelola oleh pemerintah desa setempat dan teknologi pemanenan air hujan. Diperoleh pula bahwa potensi maksimal hasil tangkapan air hujan pada hunian terkecil dengan luasan atap rumah 42 m2 adalah sebesar 56.915 liter per tahun, atau setara dengan 65% dari kebutuhan air bersih domestik.Kata Kunci: Air Bersih, Masyarakat Pesisir, Pengkajian Teknologi, Adaptasi, Pulau-pulau KecilABSTRACTProviding access to clean water for the community is the 6th goal of 17 (seventeen) sustainable development goals (SDGs). The SDGs are based on economic, social, and environmental pillars that are strengthened by the role of technology. Coastal areas and small islands have relatively more significant challenges amid climate change issues in meeting the availability of clean water. This research aims to develop an appropriate technology application model through analyses on community adaptation in fulfilling access to clean water. The village community of Mare Kofo and Mare Gam, Mare Island, North Maluku Province, consisting of local wards and local stakeholders as the research objects. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to investigate the level of community adaptation. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of collecting secondary city-scale data, field observations, and interviews. This study indicate that the people of Mare Island have adapted to meet their clean water needs by using communal drilled wells managed by the local village government and rainwater harvesting technology. It was also found that the maximum potential for rainwater catchment in the smallest dwelling with a roof area of 42 m2 is 56,915 liters per year, or equivalent to 65% of domestic clean water needsKeywords: Clean Water, Coastal Community, Technology Assessment, Adaptation, Small Islands
Perancangan Sistem Lisimeter untuk Pengujian Biodegradibilitas Sampah Bioplastik
Authors: FANI AYUDIA MUTIARA , SARKIWAN  , SURYANTO FEDDY , SETIYONO  , WAHJONO HERU DWI , SAHWAN FIRMAN LAILI , WAHYONO SRI , SOPIAH R. NIDA
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Bioplastics can be tested aerobically and anaerobically using the standard test procedures. ASTM D5338, ASTM D5988, ASTM G21, ASTM D6954, ASTM D6400, and ISO can be used for the aerobic tests, whereas ASTM D5210 or ASTM D5526 can be used for the standard anaerobic tests. The lysimeter system's design test is presented as an alternate biodegradability test technique for testing biodegradable polymers under anaerobic conditions in Indonesian circumstances. The proposed biodegradable plastic test design has the advantage of simulating conditions in a landfill system which is directly exposed to the local weather in anaerobically. The density of the type of waste in the lysimeter is adjusted to the density of the waste in the landfill. The lysimeter is also designed to be easily in the preparation, operation and performance monitoring stages of the lysimeter, as well as monitoring gas production and characterization of plastic. The design of this lysimeter is expected to be used to determine the level of anaerobic plastic biodegradability.
Keywords: lysimeter, biodegradability test, bioplastics
 
ABSTRAK
Metoda uji standar untuk uji bioplastik dapat dilakukan baik secara aerobik maupun anaerobik. Untuk uji secara aerobik dapat dilakukan dengan mengacu kepada ASTM D5338 ASTM D5988; ASTM G21, ASTM D6954, ASTM D6400 dan ISO, sedangkan untuk standar uji anaerobik dapat dilakukan dengan ASTM D5210 atau ASTM D5526. Tujuan dari perancangan sistem lisimeter ini diusulkan sebagai salah satu metode uji biodegradibilitas alternatif untuk uji biodegradable plastic pada kondisi anaerobik sesuai dengan kondisi alam di Indonesia. Kelebihan dari rancangan uji biodegradable plastic yang diusulkan merupakan mimikri dari kondisi di TPA yang terekspos langsung oleh cuaca setempat. Kepadatan sampah di dalam lisimeter disesuaikan mendekati kepadatan sampah di TPA. Lisimeter juga dirancang agar mudah dalam tahap persiapan, pengoperasin maupun pengamatan kinerja lisimeter.serta monitoring produksi gasnya. Diharapkan rancangan lisimeter ini dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat degradibilitas plastik dalam kondisi anaerobik.
Kata kunci : lisimeter, uji biodegradalitas, bioplastik
Assessment of Urban Morphology through Local Climate Zone Classification and Detection of the Changing Building States of Siliguri Municipal Corporation and Its Surrounding Area, West Bengal
Authors: Hoque Ivana , Rohatgi Sushma
Published: March 2022

Progressive population concentration to the urban centres has fuelled urban expansion in both horizontal as well as vertical direction, consequences in the urban landscape change. This growth resulted in posing many complexities towards sustainable urban development which can be counted by observing the changing proportions of natural landscapes and built up areas. Local climate zones (LCZs), a systematic classification of natural lands and built up lands, are identified in Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) and its surrounding region to explore the spatio temporal complexity of urban growth in recent years. Rapid urbanization and population growth of SMC have led to change the building states from low rise to mid and high rise which added an important feature to the urban landscape dynamics of the area. The work intends to provide the vision of spatial urban morphology of the area through investigation of its changing land use and changing urban built space using the LCZ classification. The study shows that the WUDAPT method can accurately generate LCZs, especially the built type LCZs. The results of the proposed LCZ classification scheme are tested using error matrix for the year 2001 and 2021 having coefficient values of 0.79 and 0.81 respectively. The study explores the changing pattern of building states of SMC using LCZ products, which is essential for proper urban planning implementations.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL BERBASIS BUDAYA LOKAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI SAINS DAN MEREDUKSI MISKONSEPSI SAINS MAHASISWA CALON GURU SD
Authors: Subayani Nataria Wahyuning , Nugroho Arya Setya
Published: March 2022

literasi sains dan mereduksi miskonsepsi sains mahasiswa calon guru SD. Pengembangan modul terdiri dari empat bagian yaitu modul pertama mengakomodasi teori penciptaan alam semesta yang dikaji dari sudut pandang ilmuwan dan alquran, modul kedua mengakomodasi simulasi peredaran matahari, bumi dan bulan, modul ketiga mengakomodasi peristiwa akibat peredaran matahari, bumi dan bulan, serta modul kekempat mengakomodasi observasi di balai rukyatul hilal Condro Dipo di kabupaten Gresik untuk mengamati penampakan benda langit (bulan). Metode penelitian yang digunakana adalah metode penelitian pengembangan 4D (Pendefinisian, Perancangan, Pengembangan, dan Penyebaran). Penelitian dilakukan pada mahasiswa calon guru SD pada program studi S1 PGSD Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik tahun 2018. Pengumpulan data miskonsepsi sains dengan metode CRI (Contextual Response Index) untuk mengetahui data awal dan akhir miskonsepsi berupa pernyataan benar-salah disertai alasan dan tingkat keyakinan jawaban. Hasil pengembangan modul dinyatakan layak digunakan karena telah mengakomodasi miskonsepsi astronomi mahasiswa serta memanfaatkan budaya lokal (rukyatul hilal) sebesar 24% yaitu dari 40% data awal miskonsepsi yang dialami mahasiswa turun menjadi 16%. Berdasarkan penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui rujukan pada alquran, simulasi dan observasi dapat mengurangi miskonsepsi astronomi pada mahasiswa calon guru SD.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Melalui Model Pembelajaran Accelerated Learning Pada Materi Membaca Pemahaman
Authors: Umam Nanang Khoirul , Mandasari Astrini
Published: March 2022

Membaca adalah salah satu keterampilan yang harus dikuasai oleh siswa di Sekolah Dasar, khususnya pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Berbagai macam keterampilan membaca, salah satunya adalah membaca pemahaman. Membaca pemahaman merupakan salah satu cara untuk menemukan suatu gagasan pokok. Beberapa siswa masih belum bisa menjawab pertanyaan atau menemukan gagasan pokok dalam suatu paragraf karena kuran memahami bacaan. Permasalahan tersebut harus bisa diberikan sebuah solusi yang tepat, diantaranya mengembangkan sebuah perangkat pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pesertadidik. Guru hanya melaksanakan proses pembelajaran tanpa disesuaikan dengan kondisi pesertadidik. Pembelajaran langsung menjadi lazim dan paling sering digunakan oleh guru dalam proses pembelajaran, sementara itu guru profesional adalah guru yang mengembangkan perangkat pembelajarannya sendiri dan telah diesuaikan sesuai kebutuhan pesertadidik.

Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran dapat menerapkan berbagai macam model pembelajaran yang tentunya sudah disesuaikan dengan materi dan kebutuhan pesertadidik. Model pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian pengembangan ini adalah model pembelajaran Acceleraated Learning. Model ini telah ianalisis dan disesuaikan dengan materi membaca pemahaman. Model pembelajaranAccelerated Learning merupakan strategi yang efektif, inovatif, dan menyenangkan. Diharapkan penerapan perangkat pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaranAccelerated Learning, proses membaca pemahaman akan berlangsung dengan sistematis dan menyenangkan.

Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini memperoleh dinyatakan valid dengan kategori sangat baik. Sementara keterlaksanaan pembelajaran yang skenarionya tertuang dalam RPP dinyatakan terlaksana 100% dan kategori sangat baik. Skor yang diperoleh dari hasil validasi perangkat yakni rata-rata 87,89%.Berdasarkan penelitaian tersebut maka dapat dijadikan rujukan serta pengembangan penelitian yang sejenis.
The Use of Canva in Teaching Writing
Authors: Rezkyana Dika , Agustini Supriyatin
Published: March 2022

This study aims to investigate teacher's and students' perceptions on the use of Canva in teaching writing. The descriptive qualitative method was used in this study. An English teacher and four students from SMPN 2 Kesugihan, Indonesia, participated in this study. The teacher was selected based on the consideration that she had implemented Canva in teaching writing. A semi-structured interview with an interview guide was used as primary data, and the secondary data was from documentation to collect the data. To cross-check the teacher’s data by conducting interviews with the students. The data is analyzed in several steps, including data reduction, display, verification, and conclusion. The study reveals that Canva can improve students’ critical thinking and creativity in writing procedure text. The editable template in Canva helps students generate ideas, writing context, and structure. On the other hand, internet quota and device problems become the students' challenges in using Canva. This study highlights the use of Canva in teaching writing, but this study did not observe students’ writing activities in using this application.
Husband’s Sexual Violence: Protection Rights for Wives in Terms of Islamic and Indonesian State Law
Authors: Hayati Mulida , Ali Nuraliah
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses the right to protect wives from husband's sexual violence, a perspective of Islamic law, the penal code, and the Law of Elimination of Domestic Violence. In recent years, violence to women has increased, while from a legal standpoint, it has not accommodated various problems related to sexual violence. Therefore, this paper reveals how these protections from three different law perspectives, and prove that these problems can be resolve through those laws. Through normative juridical research using grammatical and systematic interpretation methods, it was found that sexual violence in Islamic Law is categorized as a violation of honor which is punishable by ta’zīr. The punishments regarding violations of a person's freedom are in the form of imprisonment and banishment. In the Penal Code: Offense against decency and persecution. In the Domestic Violence Law: legal protection for victims in the form of physical, psychological, sexual violence. There is a correlation between these three different law perspectives, for instance, the equivalent view which perceives violent behavior as despicable behavior is prohibited, and threatens with imprisonment or ta’zīr. This synergy has implications for fulfilling human protection from violence, implementing a sense of security, and ensuring the survival of the community.
History, Typology, and Implementation of Islamic Law in Indonesia: Combination of Sharia and Fiqh or the Result of Historical Evolution?
Authors: Afridawati Afridawati
Published: March 2022

This paper highlights the history, typology, and implementation of Islamic law in Indonesia as well as proves that the law is a translation of both sharia and fiqh, rather than a historical evolution, as claimed by Ignaz  Goldziher (1850 - 1921 AD) and some of his Muslim followers; nor does the law separate elements of ritual, muamalah, and politics as argued by Christian Snouck Hurgronje (1857–1936 AD), a stance that has deformalized Islamic law in Indonesia considering it an inferior legal institution. Focusing on Islamic civil law which is extracted from relevant literature sources, this paper shows that, to some extent, the influence of orientalists’ views is manifested, for example, in the books of Interfaith Jurisprudence and the Counter Legal Draft of Islamic Law Compilation (CLD - KHI) which have ample of "historical evolution" claims. In fact, the history, typology, and implementation of Islamic law in Indonesia have so far not only been for the benefit in the world but also in the hereafter. Thus, reforming Islamic civil law in line with the West’s human rights values, as done by CLD-KHI initiators, whom are greatly influenced by Ignaz Goldziher’s and Muhammad Anna'im’s "evolution of history", is like considering Islamic law limited to law for the world only, without any ukhrawi values.
Zakat on Legal Entities: Towards Concept Perfection and its Regulations in Indonesia
Authors: Bafadhal Husin
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses zakat on legal entities and provides evidence why it requires perfection in concept and regulations if applied in Indonesia. Although it has not been discussed by previous scholars, the majority of contemporary scholars oblige legal entities to pay zakat. However, how it becomes mandatory, what criteria must be met, what are the nisab, the ḥawl, the mandatory percentage, and the requirements have not received significant attention from previous researchers. To make matters worse, regulations for zakat on legal entities in Indonesia are still unclear and strict, particularly concerning sanctions and methods of zakat calculation, making this paper crucial on the issue. Focusing on zakat on legal entities, this paper will highlight the development of the mukallaf meaning, criteria for legal entities that are obliged to pay zakat, provisions of the nisab, ḥawl, the obligatory percentage, and all the requirements. After examining relevant literature, this paper demonstrates that assets owned by a legal entity are required for zakat if they have met the general provisions and requirements stipulated in Islamic law (fiqh). As for the nisab provisions, the compulsory percentage and the zakat ḥawl is equal to zakat on trade, which is 85 grams of gold or 600 grams of silver, while the obligatory percentage of zakat is two and a half percent (2.5% or 1/40) and ḥawl is mandatory at the end of the year. This paper suggests that it is necessary to improve the concept and regulations of zakat on legal entities in Indonesia by combining fiqh studies and adopting the models that have been applied by neighboring countries and other Muslim countries.
Peran Pengawasan Pemerintah Dan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan (BPOM) Dalam Peredaran Obat Palsu di Negara Indonesia (Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 dan Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengurus Obat dan Makanan)
Authors: Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo  , Nabbilah Amir
Published: March 2022

Abstrak

Obat berperan sangat penting dalam pelayanan kesehatan karena penanganan dan pencegahan berbagai penyakit tidak dapat dilepaskan dari tindakan terapi dengan obat. maka diperlukan peran pengawasan bagi Pemerintah dan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan (BPOM) untuk selalu melakukan pengawasan dalam peredaran obat-obat palsu yang berada di masyarakat sebagai bentuk upaya pencegahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengawasan terhadap keberadaan obat palsu memiliki aspek permasalahan berdimensi luas dan kompleks. Untuk menekan adanya risiko sekecil mungkin yang bisa terjadi, diperlukan peran pengawasan oleh pemerintah dan BPOM melalui pengaturan dan standardisasi; penilaian keamanan, khasiat dan mutu melalui Cara Pembuatan Obat yang Baik (CPOB) dan produk obat sebelum diijinkan beredar di Indonesia harus mengantongi izin edar, inspeksi, pengambilan sampel dan pengujian laboratorium produk yang beredar serta peringatan kepada publik yang didukung penegakan hukum.
Penanganan dan Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia terhadap Pengungsi (Refugees) dan Pencari Suaka (Asylum Seekers) di Indonesia Sesuai Pengkajian Perpres 125 Tahun 2016 dan Implementasi Peran Rumah Detensi Imigrasi dalam Penanganan Pengungsi di Luar Negeri pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: M Almudawar  , Ichsanoodin Mufty Muthahari
Published: March 2022

Bentuk keamanan suatu negara merupakan hal yang menjadi dasar dari salah satu instrumen negara yang dimana ancaman berasal dari eksternal negara harus sangat diperhatikan. Dengan menjalani instrument keamanan negara berasal dari ancaman luar tersebut perlu adanya kerjasama dari berbagai Instrumen negara baik lembaga yang bernaung pada tugas Eksekutif, Legislatif dan Yudikatif. Salah satu Instrumen lembaga negara yang berwenang dan melaksanakan tugas tersebut adalah Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi yang dimana selain dari selain Pelayanan Keimigrasian, Penegakan Hukum dan fasilitator Pembangunan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat ada juga salah satu fungsi yang di maksud pada pembahasan  di  atas adalah Keamanan negara. Adapun landasan hukum yang di pegang oleh Keimigrasian yaitu Undang Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian dan beberapa instrumen hukum lainnya terhadap keamanan dan pengawasan lainnya. Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi bekerjasama dengan beberapa Instansi lain yang berkaitan dengan tugas instrumen keamanan negara. Adapun permasalahan yang terjadi di Indonesia terkait Keamanan negara pada akhir-akhir ini adalah dengan adanya keberadaan populasi Pengungsi dan Pencari Suaka di negara Indonesia yang dimana negara yang paling banyak jumlah Pengungsi (Refugees) di Indonesia adalah Pengungsi yang berasal dari Warga Negara Afganishtan. Alasan negara tersebut banyak pergerakan migrasi pengungsian secara besar-besaran dikarenakan negara tersebut telah mencapai konflik internal di negara mereka, dan banyak terjadinya fenomena-fenomena pelanggaran HAM seperti Kekerasan, pemberontakan, dan Kesenjangan terhadap kaum wanita  yang menjadi suatu dasar kebebasan hak dasar seseorang. Negara Indonesia secara yuridis dan hukum tidak menangani permasalahan terhadap Pengungsi (Refugees) karena Negara Indonesia tidak menandatangani Konvensi 1951 dan Protokol 1962 di Jenewa Swiss yang secara intens membahas tentang Penanganan Pengungsi yang di adopsi oleh Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa sebagai bentuk penjabaran dari United Nations (UN) Charter dan Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia yang dimana konvensi bermaksud untuk menangani dan melihat permasalahan pengungsi baik dari ancaman kekerasan pemberontakan, pembunuhan karena adanya berbagai hal alasan karena suku, ras, agama dan kepentingan politik lainnya.

Kata Kunci: Keamanan Negara, Pengungsi, Pencari Suaka, Hak Asasi Manusia.
Analisis Yuridis terhadap Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Secara Sepihak dikarenakan Alasan Usia
Authors: Rizki Akbar Maulana  , Imam Budi Santoso
Published: March 2022

Pemutusan hubungan kerja tidak boleh digunakan secara sepihak akrena di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan sudah dijelaskan secara mendalam terakit pemutusan hubungan kerja yang diperbolehkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa atas kasus pemutusan hubungan kerja secara sepihak dengan alasan usia sesuai dengan Putusan MA No. 450/K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2021. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah berdasarkan kasus dengan dugabungkan fakta-fakta hukum yang ada. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan, bahwa pemutusan hubungan kerja secara sepihak tidak diperbolehkan menurut Undang-Undang. Akan tetapi dapat diperbolehkan dengan sebab-sebab tertentu. Dalam kasus ini pemutusan hubungan kerja secara sepihak dikarenakan usia, tidak dijelaskan secara rinci di dalam Undang-Undang akan tetapi pemutusan hubungan kerja yang dilakukan harus melalui proses perundingan dan apabila tidak terjadi kesepakatan maka pihak pengusaha ataupun karyawan dapat mengajukan keberatan melalui lembaga terkait, dalam hal ini yaitu lembaga penyelesaian hubungan industrial.

Kata Kunci: Karyawan; Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja; Pengusaha; Usia.
Text-based approach to teach English diphthongs
Authors: Rustipa Katharina , Widyaningrum Agnes , Kasprabowo Teguh , Yulistiyanti Yulistiyanti
Published: March 2022

Spoken communication demands the students' intelligible pronunciation of English speech sounds since unintelligible pronunciation hampers successful communication. However, the pronunciation of English speech sounds is problematic for many EFL learners even after years of learning English. The pronunciation problem is more complex when the speech sounds occur in a text. This is because, in an English class, the focus of pronunciation practice is usually on isolated words, phrases and sentences. Thus, they find difficulties when they apply the words, phrases, and sentences in a text. This study focused on teaching English diphthongs using the text-based approach. It investigated how text-based teaching can enhance the EFL students� mastery to pronounce English diphthongs in a text. This study is an experimental design, comparing two groups of students� pronunciation competence taught with genre/text-based approach and conventional approach. The research results revealed the effectiveness of text-based teaching since there was a significant difference in the students' competence taught with text-based teaching compared to those taught with the conventional method. Drilling techniques which were also applied played a vital role in the pronunciation practice. Based on the conclusion above, it is recommended that English teachers apply the text-based approach and drilling techniques as an alternative strategy to teach English diphthongs.
Text difficulty vs text readability: Students� voices
Authors: Widyantoro Agus , Jamilah Jamilah , Purnawan Ari
Published: March 2022

Reading is an essential skill to be mastered, especially by university students and it is the lecturers� responsibility to train their students to develop their reading skill. In order to do so, lecturers will have to develop materials or choose materials from existing books to be used in the teaching learning process. The text difficulty must be appropriate to the students� English proficiency level. This study was aimed at finding the students� perceptions of the difficulty of the texts used in the reading class and the corresponding text readability. This study utilized the survey design and the content analysis involving 141 second semester students of the English Language Education Department of a state university. Questionnaires were used to get data on students� perceptions of the text difficulty and the text readability was analysed with the help of https://readabilityformulas.com. The data on students� perceptions were analysed using percentage while the data on the text readability were analysed using the readability test. The findings showed that there was a difference in the students� perception of the difficulty of the text and the readability level as being calculated using different readability formulas.�
Move structures found in the final project abstracts written by Indonesians and Filipinos
Authors: Utomo Slamet , Kurniati Diah , Rokhayani Atik , Mira�a Ana Espejo
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the move structures of the final project report abstracts produced by the undergraduate students of the English Education Department (EED-UMK) Indonesia and by the Secondary Education undergraduate students of Central Bicol State University of Agriculture (CBSUA) Philippine. This study employed the content analysis method. Sample final project reports from EED-UMK and CBSUA were gathered and analyzed. The findings of this research revealed that the abstracts of EED-UMK and CBSUA used different move structures patterns. The majority of EED-UMK abstracts (80%) referred to Hyland's five move structures, which consisted of introduction, purpose, method, product, and conclusion (I-P-M-Pr-C). Meanwhile, one of the CBSUA abstracts (20%) applied Bathia�s four move structures consisting of purpose, method, result, and conclusion (P-M-R-C). The remaining of the EED UMK and CBSUA abstracts did not address either Bathia's or Hyland's styles. This study concludes that the two Universities have different style structures in writing the final report abstracts. This study suggests that students use the move structure style consistently in their abstracts.
Project-based learning in teaching speaking to young learners: Is it effective?
Authors: Widiyati Elok , Pangesti Wulan
Published: March 2022

Students� disfluency in speaking is caused by limited practice, incorrect pronunciation, and inappropriate learning methods. That of the last point drove this research in finding out the effectiveness of using Project-based Learning (PBL) to improve students� speaking skills. The study participants were 59 students of the seventh graders of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kudus, divided into the experimental and the control classes using a quasi-experimental research design. The data were obtained from the pre-test and the post-test. The results showed that the students� speaking ability mean scores in both classes were higher in the post-test than in the pre-test. In addition, the independent sample t-test supported the result in the hypothesis testing. It means that project-based learning applied had a significant difference or effective to improve young-learner students� speaking skills. To conclude, using this method created more fun, active, and interactive speaking class atmosphere for young learners.
Pemetaan Risiko Bencana Kekeringan Menggunakan Metode Kerawanan (Hazard) Dan Kerentanan (Vulnerability)
Authors: Wibowo Rinto Ari , Rahman Boby
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTDrought is a natural disaster that has a high complexity and is still often found in some areas in Indonesia. The amount of losses caused by drought is of more concern to the community and stakeholders to compete to reduce the impact. One of the efforts made to minimize the damage caused by natural disasters is the existence of appropriate disaster mitigation efforts. In the context of drought natural disasters one of the mitigation efforts that can be done is to map areas based on the risk of drought. This is done in order to maximize mitigation efforts to deal with drought both before and during the occurrence of drought. One of the methods used in mapping a disaster is through hazard and vulnerability methods. This method is carried out in accordance with the theory that a disaster will occur due to the interaction of insecurity factors that occur in vulnerable conditions. Through the mapping of drought risk areas is expected to maximize disaster mitigation in a region, thereby minimizing the losses experienced by the community.Keyword: Drought, Hazard, Vulnerability ABSTRAKKekeringan merupakan bencana alam yang memiliki kompleksitas tinggi dan masih sering dijumpai pada beberapa wilayah di Indonesia. Besarnya kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh bencana kekeringan menjadi perhatian lebih bagi masyarakat dan pemangku kepentingan untuk berlomba-lomba mengurangi dampak tersebut. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk meminimalisir kerugaian akibat bencana alam adalah adanya upaya mitigasi bencana yang tepat. Pada konteks bencana alam kekeringan salah satu upaya mitigasi yang dapat dilakukan adalah memetakan daerah-daerah berdasarkan risiko kekeringannya. Hal ini dilakukan guna memaksimalkan upaya mitigasi untuk menangani kekeringan baik sebelum maupun saat terjadinya kekeringan. Salah satu metode yang digunakan dalam memetakan sebuah bencana adalah melalui metode kerawanan (hazard) dan kerentanan (vulnerability). Metode ini dilakukan sesuai dengan teori bahwa suatu bencana akan terjadi karena interaksi faktor kerawanan yang terjadi pada kondisi rentan. Melalui pemetaan daerah risiko kekeringan ini diharapkan mampu memaksimalkan mitigasi bencana pada suatu daerah, sehingga meminimalisir kerugian yang dialami oleh masyarakat.Kata kunci: Kekeringan, Kerawanan, Kerentanan
¿Reducen las estatinas el riesgo de glaucoma? revisión de las evidencias
Authors: Alvarez de Sotomayor Maria , Pastor Laura
Published: March 2022

Introducción: Los objetivos de este trabajo son revisar y resumir los datos publicados hasta el momento que relacionen el uso de estatinas con el riesgo de aparición o de agravamiento de glaucoma y plantear una hipótesis que explique los efectos protectores de las estatinas y su asociación con un menor riesgo de glaucoma.

Método: se realizó una revisión en PubMed usando los términos “statins, hmg coa” o “hmg coa inhibitors” y “glaucoma” o “open angle glaucoma” o “intraocular pressure”. Se seleccionaron todos los artículos que incluían estudios clínicos o meta-análisis y se excluyeron comentarios, cartas a editor, artículos retractados e investigación en modelos animales. Todos los artículos fueron posteriores a 2004. Se emplearon en la revisión 17 artículos.

Resultados: la mayor parte de los estudios muestran un efecto protector de las estatinas frente a la aparición y agravamiento del glaucoma de ángulo abierto. Sin embargo, otros estudios no llegan a encontrar una relación significativa e incluso alguno muestra una relación entre el glaucoma y el empleo de estatinas a altas dosis. Los efectos neuroprotectores y la inhibición de la Rho-quinasa podrían explicar los efectos encontrados.

Conclusiones: la evidencia publicada no es suficiente como para recomendar el tratamiento con estatinas con el objetivo de prevenir el avance o la aparición del glaucoma.
Consecuencias derivadas de la automedicación con benzodiacepinas en personas adultas: revisión exploratoria
Authors: Sanz-Valero Javier , Cantos-Azorín Cristina
Published: March 2022

Introducción: Revisar la evidencia científica sobre las consecuencias derivadas de la automedicación con benzodiacepinas (BZD) en personas adultas.

Método: Revisión exploratoria de los artículos recuperados de las bases de datos MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus y Web of Science hasta octubre de 2020. La búsqueda se formuló́ mediante los descriptores “Self Medication” y “Benzodiazepines”, utilizando los Entry Terms relacionados y los filtros: «Humans» y «Adult: 19+years». La calidad de los artículos se evaluó́ mediante STROBE.

Resultados: De las 388 referencias recuperadas, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 14 artículos. Las puntuaciones STROBE oscilaron entre mínimo de 8,7 y máximo de 17,7, con mediana de 14,3. En 8 artículos se estudió la automedicación; en 2 el abuso; en otros 2 la automedicación o el abuso con la finalidad de tratar las emociones, el estrés o, directamente, drogarse. Otros resultados fueron la sobredosificación y el consumo previo y posterior de BZD al ingreso en programa de metadona.

Conclusiones: Los artículos revisados reportaron elevada prevalencia de automedicación y auto-manipulación de BZD. Es necesario conocer el patrón de uso en cada grupo poblacional para establecer medidas que garanticen una adecuada prescripción y uso racional. Mejorando la atención farmacéutica en el proceso de dispensación de BZD (alertando sobre las consecuencias de un tratamiento crónico y la exclusividad de las recetas) y la validación farmacéutica (detección de prescripciones inadecuadas), se podría actuar contra la automedicación de las BZD y las consecuencias derivadas.
Idoneidad de la monitorización de niveles de ácido valproico en un hospital infantil en México
Authors: Robles-Piedras Ana Luisa , Hernández-Jerónimo María Del Rosario , Chehue-Romero Alejandro , Olvera-Hernández Elena Guadalupe
Published: March 2022

Introducción: en México, la cuantificación de fármacos en plasma se utiliza para comprobar la toxicidad, el cumplimiento y la titulación de dosis en el tratamiento con fármacos anticonvulsivos como el ácido valproico (AVP), pero sin considerar los principios de farmacocinética debido a la ausencia de farmacéuticos clínicos en el Sistema de Salud.

Método: el presente estudio es un análisis retrospectivo que incluye los datos de concentración plasmática de ácido valproico en pacientes pediátricos de 1 a 15 años de edad, con diagnóstico confiable de epilepsia.

Resultados: se revisaron los archivos de 260 pacientes, se encontró que solo el 56,5% de los pacientes tenían niveles séricos en estado estacionario. Los niveles plasmáticos de AVP se encontraron a nivel subterapéutico en el 22% de los pacientes y el 15% tenían niveles tóxicos. El análisis muestra que los niños menores de cinco años aparecen como un grupo heterogéneo para las variables estudiadas.

Conclusiones: debido a la falta de reconocimiento de los farmacéuticos clínicos en México, recomendamos que el mejor resultado clínico se evalúe mediante el monitoreo de los parámetros farmacocinéticos y no solo mediante la dosificación de prueba y error.
Skeletal muscle relaxant activity of different formulation of span 60 niosomes
Authors: Keservani Raj K. , Gautam Surya Prakash
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Spasticity is a disease of motor neurons that manifests as accelerated muscle tone and stiffness. The niosomes can be formulated with the aid of proper adjustment of process parameters to enhance baclofen entrapment and sustaining the drug release.

Method: The main purpose of this study is to compare different formulations of span 60 niosomes containing baclofen for skeletal muscle relaxant activity on mice (Swiss albino mice) by rota rod method.

Results: The particle size of formulated niosomes was in the range of 3.62±0.54-4.08±0.64 µm and these were smooth, circular fit and generally small multilamellar. Entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation was 88.44±0.28 %. The most extreme % cumulative drug release was 87.88±8.66% after 10 h. The formulation stored at 4±2 °C temperature shows better stability (96.65±0.45) contrasted with raised temperature. Swiss albino mice were utilized for in vivo study and displayed improved muscle relaxant action as far as no. of tumbles from rota rod apparatus (p value =0.001) are concerned.

Conclusions: Nonetheless, diazepam treated mice were observed to have higher muscle relaxation than any dose of formulation tested. The formulation F9 shows better skeletal muscle relaxant activity as compared to F6, F7, F8 and F10 on mice (Swiss albino mice) by the rota rod technique.
Identification of H2/CO2 Separation Performance of Inorganic Porous Adsorbents via Molecular Simulations
Authors: Doğancı Melih , Velioğlu Sadiye
Published: March 2022

The H2/CO2 gas separation is extremely emerging both for the production of H2 which is useful as an energy source/fuel due to high energy content per unit of weight and capturing the CO2 emissions that cause global warming and climate change. The adsorption method has come to the fore because it requires less energy for the separation process than other technologies and has a reduced environmental impact. In order to determine the promising adsorbent, it is really time-consuming and cost-intensive to carry out experimental studies for each adsorbent material. Since the capability and efficiency of molecular simulation methods are too high, recently they are emerged to reveal the adsorption performance of existing adsorbent materials. In this review study, we aimed to identify the performance of inorganic porous adsorbents that were defined by molecular simulation approaches. For this scope, we considered three metrics for adsorbents such as CO2 adsorption capacity, CO2/H2 adsorption selectivity, and isotherm obtained depending on pressure. Accordingly, it was proposed from the literature survey that HP adsorbent for pure CO2 adsorption, PAF-1 for CO2/H2 adsorption selectivity and diamondyne for CO2/H2 adsorption selectivity at high pressures attracted attention. As a result, we aimed to guide the experiments in choosing the adsorbent material from the data collected and proposed from simulation studies.
STRATEGY FOR THE FORMATION OF OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE WITH SWOT ANALYSIS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSECTORS COMPANIES
Authors: Nurwulandari Andini , Hasanudin Hasanudin , Artardo Burhan
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the optimal capital structure formation in pharmaceutical sub-sector companies during the period 2014 - 2019 by analyzing profitability, dividend policy, and the SWOT matrix model by analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and being the basis for formulating various alternatives. These strategies can be carried out by company management. The company's profitability is not optimal; the company can still distribute dividends. And the results of the study illustrate that the capital structure of the pharmaceutical sub-sector company is not yet optimal. The average proportion of long-term debt capital structure of pharmaceutical sub-sector companies is 18.43% debt and 81.57% equity. Calculation of company value from 2014 - 2019 using the Modigliani Miller approach with a debt proportion of 0% - 100% shows that the highest company value of pharmaceutical sub-sector companies is in the composition of 30% debt and 70% equity. The total WACC averages 47% of the debt. By producing a WACC of 1.92% - 16.89% with a total average WACC of 10%. By considering the WACC, it is concluded that the optimal capital structure for the average pharmaceutical sub-sector company is in the composition of 30% to 60% of the debt. Meanwhile, the average WACC is 11.10%, and with financial distress, the average WACC value is 10%. Based on considering the company value and WACC above, the capital structure of the pharmaceutical sub-sector company is not optimal. The optimal capital structure will result in high Firm Value and the lowest cost of capital. The results of this study have implications for financial performance, capital structure, firm value, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), and SWOT analysis, which need to be optimized to achieve optimal capital structure.
Perilaku kecanduan game online pada remaja di Jorong Sungai Cubadak Kabupaten Agam
Authors: Nurjannah Nifta , Santosa Budi
Published: March 2022

tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan gambaran umum mengenai berbagai perilaku remaja Kecanduan game online dan mengetahui faktor-faktor pendorong remaja menjadi kecanduan game online. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan dengan jenis penenelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, pustaka atau dokumentasi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah dengan purposive sampling. Keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi data. Teknik dalam analisis data adalah reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Faktor yang mendorong remaja menjadi kecanduan bermain game online yaitu; pertama, tekanan teman sebaya, komunikasi yang kurang maksimal antara remaja dengan anggota keluarga, kurangnya pengawasan, game-nya variatif, serta kondisi ekonomi gamer itu sendiri.
Penerapan Lean Manufacturing Dengan Metode Value Stream Mapping Untuk Mengurangi Waste Pada Proses Pengecekan Material Bahan Baku Ke Lini Produksi
Authors: Fatma Nur Fadilah , Ponda Henri , Sutisna Endang
Published: March 2022

PT. Brigth Mobile Telemunnication is a manufacturing company that produces mobile phones, one of which is OPPO and REALME brand mobile phones. In fulfilling its production needs, PT Brigth Mobile Telecommunication works with suppliers in Indonesia. The delivery process at pt Brigth mobile telecommunications involves two divisions, namely the IQC division and the warehouse division. before sending the material must be checked first at the IQC division to prevent quality problems in the production line but delays in the delivery of raw material materials to the production line often occur due to the ineffectiveness of the checking process due to activities that do not provide added value which is a source of waste. Then the Value Stream Mapping Tools are used to identify and eliminate the waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the initial conditions of the company, as well as the final conditions after repairs using kaizen. From the research conducted, it was found that several wastes in the checking process include Transportation, Unappropriate processing (inappropriate process), Unnecessary motion (unnecessary movement)-waiting (waiting). And the result after the repair is done is the reduced time to complete the material checking process by combining several SOP and replacing the Acceptable Quality Level AQL 1 standard with the AQL S-3 standard to make it more effective because it is rare to find NG.Keywords: incoming quality control, checking process, Value Stream Mapping Tools, Waste, AQL (Acceptable Quality Level)
Traditional Administration and its Impact on Democratic Governance in Africa “The Nigerian Experience”
Authors:   University of Abuja, Umar Hassan Said
Published: March 2022

Democratic governance is undoubtedly adjudged to be the most acceptable instrument through which people can be better served and administered for sustainable development. Even though traditional institution has been the indigenous governance instrument long before the advent of modern democracy, it is a framework that survived and believed to have tremendous impacts on the modern democratic process and governance in Nigeria. This paper therefore examines the relationship inherent between the traditional institutions and the modern democratic process of governance in Africa with particular reference to Nigeria. The research is a survey type which relies on available literature on governance, close observations and discussion with intellectuals and experts on governance generally. The paper finds a close relationship between the traditional administration and the democratic governance processes in Nigeria. This relationship by way of impacts on democratisation process is seen in the following ways; despotic disposition to leadership, personalisation of the instruments of governance, apparent disregard for constitutional limitations of tenure, masculinisation of leadership, class domination and promotion of political hegemony. The paper concludes that there is a dominance of such traditional administration values among Nigerian politicians and leaders. The paper recommends a systemic restructuring, systematic but aggressive mass reorientation and sensitisation about the true democratic culture and value as against the old order, promotion of equal opportunities for all, mass literacy campaign against despotism and personalisation of instruments of governance, promotion of transparency and accountability amongst others, for good governance and sustainable development.