bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonparametric Bootstrap-Based Multihop Localization Algorithm for Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks in Complex Environments
Authors: Ren Yongji , Yu Ning , Wang Xiao , Li Ligong , Wan Jiangwen
Published: April 2013

This paper presents a nonparametric bootstrap multihop localization algorithm for large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in complex environments. Unlike most of the existing schemes, this work is based on the consideration that it is not feasible to obtain a lot of available distance measurements sample for estimation and to get exact noise distributions or enough prior information for conventional statistical methods, which is a situation commonly encountered in complex environments practically. For the first time, we introduce a nonparametric bootstrap method into multihop localization to build confidence intervals for multihop distance estimation, which can eliminate the risk of small sample size and unknown distribution. On this basis, we integrate the interval analysis method with bootstrap approach for ordinary nodes localization. To reduce the computational complexity, boxes approach is utilized to approximate the irregular intersections. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme is less affected by the variation of unknown distributions and indicate that our method can achieve high localization coverage with relatively small average localization error in large-scale WSNs, especially in sparse and complex network with smaller connectivity and anchor percentage.
Unilateral RS3PE in a Patient of Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Varshney Ankur Nandan , Kumar Nilesh , Tiwari Ashutosh , Anand Ravi , Prasad Sashi Ranjan , Anand Arvind , Mishra Abhinandan , Singh N. K.
Published: April 2013

Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) is a rare but well-reported clinical entity. It is classically described as symmetrical involvement of both upper extremities. Asymmetrical involvement had also been reported, but unilateral presentation is very rare. We hereby report a case of unilateral RS3PE in a patient of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis which was initially misdiagnosed as cellulitis and was given high dose antibiotics without any significant improvement. Later a rheumatologic consultation leads to a prompt diagnosis, and treatment with steroids leads to dramatic reversal of symptoms. This case demonstrates the rare presentation of this rare clinical entity and highlights the necessity of awareness regarding unilateral disease to clinicians.
New Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism: Efficacy, Bleeding Risk, and Monitoring
Authors: Rudd Kelly M. , Phillips Elizabeth (Lisa) M.
Published: April 2013

Anticoagulation therapy is mandatory in patients with pulmonary embolism to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. The mainstay of therapy has been vitamin-K antagonist therapy bridged with parenteral anticoagulants. The recent approval of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs: apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban) has generated significant interest in their role in managing venous thromboembolism, especially pulmonary embolism due to their improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, predictable anticoagulant response, and lack of required efficacy monitoring. This paper addresses the available literature, on-going clinical trials, highlights critical points, and discusses potential advantages and disadvantages of the new oral anticoagulants in patients with pulmonary embolism.
Role of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in the Predisposition of Obese Individuals to Inflammation and Infection
Authors: Dicker Dror , Salook Mahmud Abo , Marcoviciu Dana , Djaldetti Meir , Bessler Hanna
Published: April 2013

Objective: To compare the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from obese but otherwise healthy individuals to that of normal-weight volunteers. Methods: 25 healthy normal-weight subjects and 41 obese individuals were enrolled. Weight and height were measured twice. PBMC were examined for their capacity to generate pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2) and anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-1ra) cytokines. Results: PBMC from obese individuals, compared to those from subjects with normal weight showed an increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2 (6.7 ± 0.4. vs. 4.9 ± 0.3 ng/ml; p = 0.003), TNF-α (505 ± 45 vs. 277 ± 32 pg/ml; p = 0.001), and IFN-γ (93.8 ± 6.0 vs. 73.9 ± 2.7 ng/ml; p = 0.0016). However, PBMC from obese individuals produced a lower amount of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (651 ±72 pg/ml) versus those from subjects with normal weight (951 ± 133 pg/ml; p = 0.039). Conclusions: The findings imply that obese individuals are in a ‘low-grade inflammatory state', presumed to be connected with metabolic and cardiovascular co morbidities. The surplus of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by circulating mononuclear cells of obese individuals, together with those secreted by adipocytes and non-fat cells in the adipose tissue, may contribute to the predisposition of obese patients to inflammation and infections.
Prolonged Mean Vo
2
Response Time in Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Chatterjee Neal A. , Murphy Ryan M. , Malhotra Rajeev , Dhakal Bishnu P. , Baggish Aaron L. , Pappagianopoulos Paul P. , Hough Stacyann S. , Semigran Marc J. , Lewis Gregory D.
Published: April 2013

Background—

In patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), the rate at which oxygen uptake (V
O
2
) increases on initiation of exercise is inadequate to match metabolic demands. To gain mechanistic insights into delayed V
O
2
kinetics in LVSD, we simultaneously assessed hemodynamic measurements, ventilatory parameters, and peripheral oxygen usage during exercise.

Methods and Results—

Forty-two patients with symptomatic LVSD (age, 59±2 years [mean±SEM]; LV ejection fraction, 30±1%) and 17 controls (LV ejection fraction, 68±1%) underwent maximum upright cycle ergometry cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Hemodynamic monitoring and first-pass radionuclide ventriculography were performed at rest and during exercise. V
O
2
kinetics were quantified by mean response time (MRT), which was significantly longer in patients with LVSD compared with controls (64±3 versus 45±5 s;
P
=0.004). In LVSD patients, MRT was associated with higher biventricular filling pressures and reduced cardiac output during early exercise. LVSD patients with MRT ≥60 s, compared with LVSD subjects with MRT <60 s, demonstrated greater impairment in right ventricular-pulmonary vascular function during exercise as evidenced by lower right ventricular ejection fraction (35±2 versus 45±2%;
P
=0.03), steeper increment in transpulmonary gradient relative to cardiac output (3.7 versus 2.2 mm Hg/L;
P
<0.001), and increased ventilatory dead-space fraction (17±1 versus 12±2%;
P
=0.03). In contrast, MRT was not associated with LV ejection fraction (rest, exercise), Pa
O
2
, hemoglobin, or resting pulmonary function test results.

Conclusions—

Delayed oxygen uptake on initiation of exercise (ie, MRT ≥60 s) in LVSD is closely related to impaired right ventricular-pulmonary vascular function and may represent an important surrogate for inability to augment RV performance during physical activity in patients with heart failure.
Impact of Residual Chronic Total Occlusion of Right Coronary Artery on the Long-term Outcome in Patients Treated for Unprotected Left Main Disease
Authors: Takagi Kensuke , Ielasi Alfonso , Chieffo Alaide , Basavarajaiah Sandeep , Latib Azeem , Montorfano Matteo , Carlino Mauro , Mizuno Hiroyuki , Hasegawa Tasuku , Godino Cosmo , Figini Filippo , Shannon Joanne , Rezq Ahmed , Ferrarello Santo , Bernelli Chiara , Naganuma Toru , Fujino Yusuke , Nakamura Sunao , Colombo Antonio
Published: April 2013

Background—

The presence of chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery (CTO-RCA) in patients undergoing percutaneous interventions for unprotected left main (ULM) disease may affect the prognosis. In this study, we evaluated the immediate results and follow-up of patients with ULM-percutaneous interventions and with or without associated CTO-RCA.

Methods and Results—

Between March 2002 and December 2008, a total of 568 consecutive patients with ULM stenosis treated with drug-eluting stent were included in this analysis. The mean EuroScore and SYNTAX scores were 4.05±2.62 and 28.12±10.82, respectively. Of these, 522 had ULM lesions without residual CTO-RCA (493 ULM without CTO-RCA+29 ULM with treated CTO-RCA), and 46 patients had residual CTO-RCA. At 1466 days (interquartile range, 1150–1917) follow-up, the cardiac-death occurred in 41 patients (7.2%). Cardiac-death was more frequently observed in patients with ULM and residual CTO-RCA as compared with those without residual CTO-RCA (adjusted hazard ratios, 2.163 [95% confidence interval, 1.018–4.597];
P
=0.045). However, target lesion revascularization occurred less frequently in patients with residual CTO-RCA (adjusted hazard ratios, 0.321 [95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.794];
P
=0.014), resulting in the similar major adverse cardiovascular events rates between the 2 groups. When we analyzed patients with concomitant ULM and CTO-RCA, cardiac-death was significantly higher in patients with residual as compared with treated CTO-RCA (log-rank
P
=0.01) despite no difference in baseline characteristics.

Conclusions—

Cardiac-death occurred more frequently in patients with residual CTO-RCA as compared with those without residual CTO-RCA. These findings suggest that recanalization of CTO-RCA has significant impact on the long-term cardiac-mortality in patients undergoing ULM-percutaneous interventions probably by offering reserve coronary circulation, if in-stent restenosis were to occur in the treated left main.
Reestablishment of the Endothelial Lining by Endothelial Cell Therapy Stabilizes Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Franck Grégory , Dai Jianping , Fifre Alexandre , Ngo Saravuth , Justine Claire , Michineau Stéphanie , Allaire Eric , Gervais Marianne
Published: April 2013

Background—

Loss of the endothelium and its replacement by a thick thrombus are structural features of human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). In AAAs, the relationship between aortic diameter expansion, the presence of thrombus, and the lack of endothelial cells (ECs) remains unexplored. We hypothesized that reendothelialization by cell therapy would modulate aortic wall destruction and ultimately stabilize AAAs. We evaluated the impact of local seeding of rat aortic ECs or peripheral blood–derived outgrowth ECs on AAA evolution.

Methods and Results—

Rat aortic ECs (n=30) or serum-free medium (controls; n=29) were seeded endovascularly immediately (day 0) or 14 days after surgery in the rat xenograft model. Rat aortic EC seeding prevented AAA formation and stabilized formed AAAs at 28 days (diameter increase at day 0+28, 51±6% versus 83±6%; day 14+28, −1±4% versus 22±6% in rat aortic ECs and controls, respectively;
P
<0.01). This stabilizing effect was associated with the reestablishment of the endothelial lining, the suspension of proteolysis, and the reconstitution of new aortic wall rich in smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix. Transplanted rat aortic ECs did not participate directly in aortic wall repair but exerted their healing properties through paracrine mechanisms involving the upregulation of endothelium-derived stabilizing factors and the recruitment of resident vascular cells. In rats, the transplantation of outgrowth ECs (n=7) significantly reduced by 30% the progression of AAAs and restored the abluminal endothelium at 28 days compared with controls (n=9).

Conclusion—

Our study demonstrates the potential of restoring the endothelial lining to control AAA dynamics and designates ECs as an efficient therapy to stop AAA expansion.
Computed Tomography Angiography Spot Sign Does Not Predict Case Fatality in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage With Intraparenchymal Extension
Authors: Brouwers H. Bart , Backes Daan , Kimberly W. Taylor , Schwab Kristin , Romero Javier M. , Velthuis Birgitta K. , Klijn Catharina J.M. , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Regli Luca , Greenberg Steven M. , Rosand Jonathan , Rinkel Gabriel J.E. , Goldstein Joshua N.
Published: April 2013

Background and Purpose—

Many patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with intraparenchymal extension develop early hematoma expansion, which is not explained by aneurysmal rerupture in half of cases. In patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage, the computed tomography angiography (CTA) spot sign predicts hematoma expansion and poor outcome. We conducted a 2-center prospective cohort study to evaluate whether CTA spot sign predicts case fatality in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraparenchymal extension.

Methods—

We studied consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraparenchymal extension. Two experienced readers, blinded to clinical data, analyzed CTAs for spot sign presence. We assessed the proportion of patients with the CTA spot sign and tested its association with in-hospital and 90-day case fatality, using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results—

In 32 of 236 patients (14%), we found at least 1 spot sign. Acute surgical hematoma evacuation with aneurysm occlusion occurred in 120 patients (51%). The overall in-hospital case fatality rate was 37%. The CTA spot sign was not associated with in-hospital (multivariable odds ratio, 0.51 [95% confidence interval, 0.06–3.26]) or 90-day (multivariable odds ratio, 0.59 [0.21–1.65]) case fatality.

Conclusions—

The found frequency of CTA spot signs is lower after aneurysmal than primary intracerebral hemorrhage and is not associated with in-hospital or 90-day case fatality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraparenchymal extension.
Subjective Perceptions of Employment Mobility: A Comparison of East and West Germany
Authors: Nitsche Natalie , Mayer Karl Ulrich
Published: April 2013

Abstract

There is an ongoing debate over whether the stability of working lives in Germany has declined in recent decades. In this piece, we contribute to the literature by arguing that subjective mobility perceptions, hence individuals’ self-reported mobility desires and experiences, should receive more attention in the debate. While it is, for example, well known that German reunification affected worklife mobility of East Germans through high unemployment and firm mobility, little is known about subjective mobility desires, specifically in an East-West German comparative perspective. Using a retrospective cross-sectional data set from 2005, we therefore investigate East-West German differences in retrospective and future mobility desires and subjectively reported mobility experiences and expectations. We also examine if there is evidence for East-West German differences in voluntary versus involuntary employment mobility. Our findings indeed show that retrospectively reported desires for stable working lives are more prevalent among East Germans. In addition, we find suggestive evidence for elevated levels of undesired firm mobility and employment interruptions among East Germans born between 1945 and 1965, and for increases in undesired employment interruptions and firm mobility among younger West German but not East German men. These latter results serve as suggestive evidence for future hypothesis building only, since our data does not provide information on the desirability of specific mobility events but on cumulative experiences and retrospective mobility desires only.
A Sociological Model of Societal Collapse
Authors: Carter Michael J.
Published: April 2013

Abstract

In his best-selling book Collapse, Jared Diamond employs a five-point framework that can be used to predict a society’s likelihood of declining from prosperity. These five points include 1. environmental damage, 2. climate change, 3. hostile neighbors, 4. friendly trade partners, and 5. a society’s response to its environmental problems. This paper re-interprets Jared Diamond’s model of societal collapse by using a sociological lens. Previous work in theoretical sociology is applied to Diamond’s framework to produce a predictive model of societal collapse. A path model and formal propositions are provided.
Opening the Inner Circle of Power: Circulation among the Finnish Elites in the Context of Major Societal Changes 1991–2011
Authors: Ruostetsaari Ilkka
Published: April 2013

Abstract

The present study assessed the extent to which elite circulation has changed in Finland in the context of substantial social changes since the early 1990s. We first analyzed changes in vertical social mobility, i.e., recruitment to the elites, and then, changes in horizontal social mobility, i.e., circulation within the elites. The study was methodologically based on the positional approach, and postal/Internet surveys of members within the elites were conducted in 1991, 2001, and 2011. The hypotheses were derived from major social changes that have occurred in the Finnish society since the early 1990s. Since many of these societal changes focused most profoundly on people of lowest socio-economic position, we first hypothesized, that recruitment from these groups to the elites had decreased, i.e., the openness of the elite structure had been reduced. According to second hypothesis, the retention of elite positions had become less secure due to decreased societal stability and increased scandals implicating the elites. Moreover, since the political decision-makers were responsible for many social changes, and the political elite is the sole elite group whose ascendancy depends mainly on the support of the population, we also hypothesized that societal changes have exerted the most effect on the political elite.
A revision of the Lutrochidae (Coleoptera) of Venezuela, with description of six new species
Authors: MAIER CRYSTAL A. , SHORT ANDREW E.Z.
Published: April 2013

The species of Lutrochidae occurring in Venezuela are revised. The only previously recorded species, Lutrochus acumi-natus Grouvelle, is redescribed and a lectotype is designated. Lutrochus vestitus Sharp, is recorded from Venezuela and French Guiana for the first time. Six new species Lutrochus gustafsoni n. sp., L. cauraensis n. sp., L. maldonadoi n. sp., L. meridaensis n. sp., L. minutus n. sp., and L. violaceus n. sp. are described. Notes on habitat and habits for most species are provided, as well as a key to the eight species of Lutrochidae occurring in Venezuela. The family is reported from hy-gropetric habitats for the first time.
Description of a new species of Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 from Jordan, with notes on the Anthaxia winkleri species-group (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)
Authors: BAIOCCHI DANIELE , MAGNANI GIANLUCA
Published: April 2013

A new species of Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 endemic to Jordan, Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) nabataea sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The new taxon is compared to its most similar species, and data about its distribution, bionomy and taxo-nomic position are given, together with some notes on the Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) winkleri species-group.
Modeling Regional Vegetation NPP Variations and Their Relationships with Climatic Parameters in Wuhan, China
Authors: Wang Lunche , Gong Wei , Ma Yingying , Zhang Miao
Published: April 2013

Net primary productivity (NPP) is an important component of the carbon cycle and a key indicator of ecosystem performance. The aim of this study is to construct a more accurate regional vegetation NPP estimation model and explore the relationship between NPP and climatic factors (air temperature, rainfall, sunshine hours, relative humidity, air pressure, global radiation, and surface net radiation). As a key variable in NPP modeling, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was obtained by finding a linear relationship between PAR and horizontal direct radiation, scattered radiation, and net radiation with high accuracy. The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) was estimated by enhanced vegetation index (EVI) instead of the widely used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Stress factors of temperature/humidity for different types of vegetation were also considered in the simulation of light use efficiencies (LUE). The authors used EVI datasets of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2001 to 2011 and geographic information techniques to reveal NPP variations in Wuhan. Time lagged serial correlation analysis was employed to study the delayed and continuous effects of climatic factors on NPP. The results showed that the authors’ improved model can simulate vegetation NPP in Wuhan effectively, and it may be adopted or used in other regions of the world that need to be further tested. The results indicated that air temperature and air pressure contributed significantly to the interannual changes of plant NPP while rainfall and global radiation were major climatic factors influencing seasonal NPP variations. A significant positive 32-day lagged correlation was observed between seasonal variation of NPP and rainfall (P < 0.01); the influence of changing climate on NPP lasted for 64 days. The impact of air pressure, global radiation, and net radiation on NPP persisted for 48 days, while the effects of sunshine hours and air temperature on NPP only lasted for 16 and 32 days, respectively.
Proactive Approach to Containment of Enterovirus Infection in the Nursery
Authors: Fuchs Inbal , Golan Agneta , Borer Abraham , Shemer-Avni Yonat , Dagan Ron , Greenberg David
Published: April 2013

Administration of prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulins to contacts of infants actively shedding enterovirus during a hospital nursery outbreak may attenuate severity of disease in those contacts and aid in containment of the outbreak. Four cases of neonatal enteroviral disease were treated in our hospital nursery in July and August 2011; 3 were presumed or proven vertical transmission cases and 1 was a presumed horizontal transmission. We aimed to prevent development of severe illness in contacts of affected neonates following a ministry of health advisory during the summer of 2011 warning of increased neonatal enteroviral morbidity and mortality in Israel. Strict infection control measures were implemented, including meticulous decontamination of the nursery environment and administration of intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis to contacts. No further horizontal transmission occurred after infection control interventions. Immunoglobulin prophylaxis to control enteroviral infection in the nursery should be considered as an auxiliary infection control intervention during a nursery outbreak.
Toward a Cultural Framework for Dialogue About Justice
Authors: Hamer Lynne , Jenkins Morris , Moore Bradene
Published: April 2013

This article addresses what justice is and how it is perceived by members in the Black community. The Black community is composed of people of all races and ethnicities who live and/or work in predominantly Black areas. Interviews were conducted and analyzed focusing on this question: “What is justice?” The Black community does not have a monolithic view of the meaning of justice, nor of the process. We interpreted participants’ definition of justice in terms of Eurocentrism, Afrocentrism, or simply cultural sensitivity (“enculturated”). The goal of this article is to lay the framework and groundwork for dialogue among and to provide recommendations to scholars and professionals in the allied fields of education, legal studies, and criminal justice.
Process monitoring based on improved recursive PCA methods by adaptive extracting principal components
Authors: Xia Lirong , Chu Jizheng , Geng Zhiqiang
Published: April 2013

Two adaptive principal component analysis methods are improved based on adaptive extracting principal components (PCs) in process monitoring: recursive PCA (RPCA) and moving window PCA (MWPCA). An adaptive extracting PC algorithm is proposed using the threshold method based on the score rule in sport games to determine the number of PCs in real time. It can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the conventional cumulative percent variance method in obtaining the number of PCs. Moreover, two improved RPCA and MWPCA methods are proposed using the new threshold method to monitor an industrial process online. Similary to the forgetting factor in RPCA, an optimal variable moving window size is selected, adding forgetting factors into the data samples and covariance matrices, respectively. The results show the validity of improvements compared with the original RPCA and MWPCA in Tennessee Eastman process monitoring.
Organizational Values: A Dynamic Perspective
Authors: Bourne Humphrey , Jenkins Mark
Published: April 2013

We make the case that there are four distinct forms of organizational values – espoused, attributed, shared and aspirational. These partial, but related, forms encompass variation in temporal orientation and levels of analysis. We use these forms to reveal the dynamic nature of organizational values by delineating the evolution of gaps and overlaps between them. We set out a series of propositions, originating from institutional, organizational and managerial sources to explain the nature of movement between these distinct forms of values and the potential implications for organizational behaviour and performance. Finally, we consider the possibilities of this fine-grained analysis of the organizational values concept for future research.
Boundary Objects, Zones of Indeterminacy, and the Formation of Irish and Jewish Transnational Socio-Financial Networks
Authors: Lainer-Vos Dan
Published: April 2013

The concept of boundary object helps in understanding how members of different communities of practice can cooperate without sharing a consensus on their goals or even on precisely what they are doing. Sometimes, however, scholars treat boundary objects as a shorthand explanation for successful cooperation across boundaries. Instead of tracing the network of associations within which boundary objects are nestled, it is assumed that some properties inherent to particular objects secure cooperation. To offset this tendency, this article examines the Irish and Israeli governments’ attempts to raise funds in the United States through the sale of quasi-philanthropic bonds in the 1920s and 1950s, respectively. In the Israeli case, the bond served as a boundary object. In the Irish case, in contrast, a similar bond intensified disagreements between the Irish government and key Irish American organizations. The analysis highlights the importance of the entire socio-technical network within which boundary objects are nestled. It points to the importance of creating a zone of indeterminacy wherein boundary objects can maintain interpretive flexibility and facilitate cooperation. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the importance of temporal framing in the construction of boundary objects.
Small Groups as Context for Institutional Entrepreneurship: An Exploration of the Emergence of Commercial Microfinance in Bolivia
Authors: Dorado Silvia
Published: April 2013

This paper contributes to the emerging literature on inhabited institutions. It argues that institutional entrepreneurship, as most social action, is not an individual-bounded endeavor, at the hands of isolated individuals, but a group-bounded one, at the hands of social individuals inhabiting groups which motivate, inspire, and enable their engagement. The inhabited group-bounded conceptualization offered helps to overcome voluntaristic biases and atemporalism plaguing much micro research on institutional entrepreneurship. The paper builds on a qualitative case study of the emergence of commercial microfinance in Bolivia.
Longing for democracy
Authors: Campanini Massimo
Published: April 2013

The Arab revolts of 2011 raised new questions regarding democracy. On the one hand, a new kind of democracy is apparently born: the democracy of the multitude. On the other, Islam has been a major actor in the Arab revolts and presumably will play a growing role in the future. The article investigates if there is a new political model put forward by the foreseeable Islamic developments of the revolts. If we take for granted that there is not only one kind of democracy and that there is much more space for Islamic organizations in the present and future political arena of the Muslim countries, then it will not sound like a heresy to ask whether there is an Islamic way to democracy. In order to demonstrate this original point of view, it is necessary to deal with the principles of Islamic political thought. The Arab revolts promise to renew and update these principles. The article will try to peruse this revision from the point of view of Antonio Gramsci and his theory of hegemony.
Clinical risk factors to predict deep venous thrombosis post-endovenous laser ablation of saphenous veins
Authors: Chi Y-W , Woods T C
Published: April 2013

Objective: Endovenous laser ablation of saphenous veins is an alternative in treating symptomatic varicose veins. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has been reported in up to 7.7% of patients undergoing such procedure. We sought to establish clinical risk factors that predict DVT post-endovenous laser ablation.

Method: Patients who underwent endovenous laser ablation were prospectively followed. Clinical data and post-interventional duplex ultrasound were analysed. A P value <0.05 was accepted as representing a significant difference.

Results: From 2007 to 2008, 360 consecutive patients were followed. Nineteen DVTs were found on follow-up ultrasound. Eighteen cases involved either the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junctions; only one case involved the deep venous system. Age >66 ( P = 0.007), female gender ( P = 0.048) and prior history of superficial thrombophlebitis (SVT) ( P = 0.002) were associated with increased risk of DVT postprocedure.

Conclusion: Age >66, female gender and history of SVT were significant predictors of DVT post-endovenous laser ablation of saphenous veins.
Prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgical treatment of varicose veins
Authors: Testroote M J G , Wittens C H A
Published: April 2013

Introduction:

There is no consensus among surgeons with regard to prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing surgical treatment of varicose veins. We performed a systematic review of the available literature.

Methods:

We systematically searched the online database from PubMed for studies about the incidence of VTE and thromboprophylaxis in varicose vein surgery. We included 13 papers for review.

Results:

The incidence of VTE after varicose vein surgery remains unclear. Most retrospective case series report an incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of approximately 1%, based on a clinical diagnosis. However, three prospective studies have systematically detected DVT by means of duplex ultrasound and showed that the true incidence might be 5–10 times higher than expected on a clinical basis.

Discussion:

More data on the incidence of VTE, and the need for postoperative thromboprophylaxis are necessary to formulate evidence-based clinical guidelines. Therefore, high-quality randomised clinical trials, with high numbers of included patients, and ideally comparing prophylaxis to placebo are warranted.
Post-treatment compression: duration and techniques
Authors: Mosti G
Published: April 2013

Background:

Compression treatments used the following intervention for varicose veins range from no compression, to elastic stockings and compression bandaging. There is no consensus on the strength or duration of compression which should be applied following a particular treatment. The author reviews the evidence that has led him to reach his own viewpoint on this subject.

Compression stockings are often prescribed after treatment of varicose veins, but these in general exert a much lower pressure in the thigh compared with firm inelastic compression bandages. It has been shown by objective investigation that it takes a pressure of 10–15 mmHg in the supine position and 40–50 mmHg in the standing position to occlude a superficial vein in the thigh. The author has published a study in which three groups of patients were studied following varicose vein surgery. One group received a strong medical compression stocking, the second group an inelastic bandaging system which achieved 63 mmHg compression in the standing position and an eccentric compression system which achieved 98 mmHg in the standing position. Adverse events after surgery were most frequent in the stocking group with fewer in the inelastic compression bandage group and fewest in the eccentric compression group. A further study has been published by another author in which elastic compression has been compared with eccentric compression following endovenous laser ablation of the saphenous vein. Eccentric compression reduced postoperative pain. Unfortunately, very little data are available to indicate the period for which compression should be applied following varicose vein treatment.

Conclusions:

In comparison to compression treatments following varicose vein surgery where the actual level of compression has been measured, higher levels of compression are more effective than lower levels in moderating postoperative pain and complications. Strong compression can be achieved by inelastic bandaging or by eccentric compression systems. Far fewer data are available to indicate the duration for which postoperative compression is required.
Postintervention duration of anticoagulation in venous surgery
Authors: Cate-Hoek A J Ten , Prins M H , Wittens C H A , Cate H Ten
Published: April 2013

For a substantial proportion of patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), current treatment strategies are suboptimal and new treatment options are needed. Especially for the group of patients who are at the highest risk for post-thrombotic syndrome, new treatment modalities such as catheter-directed thrombolysis and additional stenting are being investigated. With current clinical studies addressing new technical options, the medical management of patients following these interventions deserves attention. The duration of anticoagulant treatment following surgical or radiological interventions for DVT seems not to be influenced by the presence of a venous stent. According to recent ACCP 2012 guidelines the anticoagulant management in patients who have had any method of thrombus removal performed, the same intensity and duration of anticoagulant therapy as in comparable patients who do not undergo thrombosis removal is recommended (Grade 1B). In the acute phase of thrombosis, irrespective of the technique and whether or not stenting is applied, immediate anticoagulation following the procedure is pertinent to reduce the risk of recurrent thrombosis and thrombus propagation. The long-term treatment duration after venous interventions therefore may be tailored based on common risk factors for recurrent thrombosis and the individual risk for bleeding. Selected thrombophilia factors, d-dimer assessment and residual venous thrombosis provide markers for recurrent DVT. Currently, vitamin K antagonists) provide the main anticoagulants for (prolonged) anticoagulation, while the new oral anticoagulants emerge as promising alternatives. In case prolonged anticoagulation after unprovoked DVT is not indicated, cardiovascular risk management is warranted because of an increased rate of arterial thrombotic events after DVT; aspirin may be indicated as secondary prevention against recurrent thrombosis (while providing primary prevention against arterial thrombosis).
Indications for endophlebectomy and/or arteriovenous fistula after stenting
Authors: De Wolf M A F , Arnoldussen C W K P , Wittens C H A
Published: April 2013

Endovenous recanalization with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting in post-thrombotic syndrome patients with iliocaval obstruction is a treatment modality quickly gaining popularity. Studies show good patency and clinical success rates. If the obstruction extends distally, below the inguinal ligament, stenting remains controversial. Without adequate inflow, the patency of stented iliocaval segments drops dramatically. This suggests that treatment of diseased common femoral, femoral and profunda femoral veins is required to ensure adequate inflow. Endophlebectomy, the removal of synechiae and septae from the common femoral vein, is a viable option in these cases. Another option, which can be done concurrently with the endophlebectomy, is the creation of an arteriovenous fistula. Selecting patients for these interventions however remains difficult, as precise preoperative prediction of inflow into the stented segments is difficult. In this paper we describe our experience in using duplex ultrasonography, magnetic resonance venography and conventional venography to assess the patency of the inflow trajectory. We believe this approach is essential in dealing with cases of complex post-thrombotic disease extending below the inguinal ligament. There is a great need to establish criteria to accurately assess pre- and postinterventional flow through treated vein segments.
Spontaneous plantar vein thrombosis: state of the art
Authors: Karam L , Tabet G , Nakad J , Gerard Jl
Published: April 2013

We aim here to highlight the importance of diagnosing and treating promptly the rarely thought of diagnosis of plantar vein thrombosis. We hereby report two cases with no known thrombotic risk factors. Less than 20 cases are reported in the literature. Detection of this unusual site of involvement of the deep venous system can be easily made by ultrasound examination if searched for. Plantar vein thrombosis is a rarely evoked pathology. Knowledge of its occurrence could further improve its diagnosis especially that it could reveal an unknown neoplasia or coagulation abnormality.
Percutaneous angioplasty of internal jugular and azygous veins in patients with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis: early and mid-term results
Authors: Radak Djordje , Kolar Jovo , Sagic Dragan , Ilijevski Nenad , Tanaskovic Slobodan , Aleksic Nikola , Marinkovic Jelena , Mitrasinovic Anka , Radak Sandra , Babic Srdjan , Matic Predrag , Vlajinac Hristina
Published: April 2013

Purpose: To assess the safety of endovascular treatment of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients with CCSVI and MS (44 with relapsing remitting – RR, 4 with primary progressive, 20 with secondary progressive and 4 with benign MS) underwent percutaneous angioplasty. Outcome measures were colour Doppler ultrasonography parameters, gradient pressure at the vein abnormality level, postoperative complications, re-stenosis, disease severity scored by means of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and patients’ assumption of disease status. Controls were done after one month on 72 patients, six months on 69 patients and one year on 61 patients, respectively (the average follow-up was 11 months).

Results: There were no postoperative complications. Colour Doppler ultrasonography showed significant improvement in cross-sectional area parameters ( P < 0.05) and significant decrease in confluence velocity values ( P < 0.05). Postoperative gradient pressure decreased, in internal jugular vein (IJV) significantly ( P < 0.05). Re-stenosis appeared in 5.3% of patients. EDSS score was significantly improved ( P < 0.01) and about half of patients reported significant or mild improvement in disease status and none of them worsening of symptoms.

Conclusion: Endovascular treatment of the IJV and azygous veins in patients with CCSVI and MS is a safe procedure with no post-procedural complications followed by significant improvement of IJV flow haemodynamic parameters and decrease in the EDSS score. Whether CCSVI percutaneous treatment might affect clinical improvement in patients suffering from MS is yet to be seen after completion of major multicentric clinical trials, still it seems like that this procedure is not negligible.
Efficacy and comfort of medical compression stockings with low and moderate pressure six weeks after vein surgery
Authors: Reich-Schupke Stefanie , Feldhaus Felix , Altmeyer Peter , Mumme Achim , Stücker Markus
Published: April 2013

Objective

The first two authors contributed equally to this work. A prospective, randomized study to evaluate efficacy, safety, and comfort of thigh-high, round knitted medical compression stockings (MCSs) with different pressure six weeks after vein surgery.

Methods

Female patients undergoing vein surgery were randomized for a compression therapy with low (18–21 mmHg, group A) or moderate (23–32 mmHg, group B) pressure MCSs. Follow-up was done by a phlebological experienced, blinded physician (pressure control, clinical aspect, duplex scan, and questionnaire) one and six weeks after surgery.

Results

Totally, 88 patients (41 in group A and 47 in group B) were analyzed. One week after surgery, patients of group B had significantly lower edema scores than patients of group A either in the clinical assessment (0.7 vs. 0.3; p = 0.016) or in the B-mode scan (0.9 vs. 0.4; p = 0.013). Significant less patients of group B had a feeling of “tightness” ( p = 0.01) and significant more a reduction of discomfort ( p = 0.01) after week 1 but with no significance in week 6. There was no significant difference according to other clinical and ultrasound findings such as hematoma, infection, hyperpigmentation, cording, or thrombosis after one or six weeks. In week 1 and week 6, more patients suffered from pain in group A (week 1 p = 0.24, week 6 p = 0.063). Application of the MCSs was easier in group A in week 1 but similar in groups A and B in week 6. Muscle vein thrombosis occurred in one patient of group A.

Conclusion

Compression stockings with a pressure of 23–32 mmHg facilitate a faster resolution of clinical and ultrasound verified edema and the subjective feelings of pain, tightness, and discomfort of the leg in the early period after surgery but have no difference in the longer post-surgical period compared to stockings with a pressure of 18–21 mmHg.
Windfalls, wipeouts, and local economic development: A study of an emerging oil city in West Africa
Authors: Obeng-Odoom Franklin
Published: April 2013

Analysis of the political economy of oil tends to be under the rubric of ‘resource curse’ to the neglect of the broader problematique of the distribution of windfalls and wipeouts, the mediating role of institutions, and broader issues of local economic development. This article tries to fill this lacuna by focusing on the experiences of Sekondi-Takoradi, an oil city located in Ghana. Using the principles of eminent domain and decentralisation as analytical framework, it shows ‘who gets what’ in an oil city; demonstrates why different levels of compensation and betterment ought to be paid and received; and reveals the role and struggles of the local State in trying to ensure harmonious local economic development.
The Political Implications of Performance Management and Evidence-Based Policymaking
Authors: Triantafillou Peter
Published: April 2013

Over the last few decades performance management (PM) has invaded the public sector in most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. More recently, we have seen increasing demands for evidence-based policymaking (EP). This article critically discusses the political implications of PM and EP by regarding them as particular forms of governing. Accordingly, PM may be viewed as a form of governing hinging on the regulated and accountable forms of freedom exercised by public administrators. In contrast, EP may be regarded as a technocratic and potentially authoritarian form of governing depending on quite narrow and exclusive forms of knowledge production. EP then seems to be directly at odds with PM and sits uneasily with neoliberal forms of rule.
Absorption of the Bone Fragment in Shoulders With Bony Bankart Lesions Caused by Recurrent Anterior Dislocations or Subluxations
Authors: Nakagawa Shigeto , Mizuno Naoko , Hiramatsu Kunihiko , Tachibana Yuta , Mae Tatsuo
Published: April 2013

Background:

Recently, bony defects of the glenoid in patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability have been increasingly noticed. The bone fragment of a bony Bankart lesion is often utilized for Bankart repair, but the fragment is at times smaller than the glenoid defect. The reason for this mismatch in size is unknown.

Hypothesis:

The bone fragment of a bony Bankart lesion might gradually be absorbed over time.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 163 shoulders were prospectively examined by computed tomography. In shoulders with bony Bankart lesions, glenoid defects and bone fragment absorption were assessed, and findings were compared with the time elapsed after the primary traumatic episode. When a bone fragment was not detected despite loss of the normal contour of the glenoid rim, the findings were classified as erosions if the rim appeared round and slightly compressed and classified as complete bone fragment absorption if the rim appeared straight and sharp.

Results:

There were no glenoid defects in 55 shoulders, erosions in 16 shoulders, and glenoid defects in 92 shoulders. The size of the glenoid defect was 0% to 10% in 15 shoulders, 10% to 20% in 44, 20% to 30% in 26, 30% to 40% in 6, and 40% to 50% in 1. The average defect size was 7.9% in shoulders scanned at <1 year, 10.7% between 1 and 2 years, and 11.3% at >2 years, indicating no relationship with time after trauma. Regarding bone fragment absorption, all 92 shoulders with glenoid defects showed absorption to some extent. The extent of absorption was <50% in 32 shoulders, >50% in 45, and 100% in 15. The average extent of absorption was 51.9% in shoulders scanned at <1 year, 65.3% between 1 and 2 years, and 70.0% at >2 years, indicating a significant relationship with time after trauma.

Conclusion:

Bone fragment absorption was seen in all of the shoulders with bony Bankart lesions. Most bone fragments showed severe absorption within 1 year after the primary traumatic episode. Before arthroscopic Bankart repair, not only glenoid defects but also bone fragment absorption should be assessed.
Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of allelopathy mediated by the allelochemical extracts of Phytolacca latbenia (Moq.) H. Walter
Authors: Ullah Nazif , Haq Ihsan Ul , Safdar Naila , Mirza Bushra
Published: April 2013

In allelopathy, one plant suppresses the growth and development of other plant/plants by negatively affecting a variety of physiological and biochemical reactions. We checked the effects of methanolic extracts (allelochemical extracts) of Phytolacca latbenia (Moq.) H. Walter on antioxidant enzyme activities such as peroxidases (PODs), super oxide dismutases (SODs) and catalase (CAT) and on total protein contents (TPC), cellular injury (CI), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the germinating seeds of Brassica napus L. (dicot) and Triticum aestivum L. (monocot). Both the crude methanolic extract root (CMER) and crude methanolic extract aerial (CMEA) of P. latbenia at 10000 ppm significantly reduced the POD activity in both the test seeds. The activity of SODs was significantly decreased by both CMER and CMEA in B. napus germinating seeds. A linear increase in the activity of CAT, CI, and MDA contents was found in both the test seeds with the increasing concentrations of CMEA and CMER, while TPC of the germinating seeds was found decreased. It is inferred that both the CMEA and CMER inhibited/delayed the seed germination, reduced the seedling growth by affecting a variety of biochemical and physiological attributes, and also caused cellular membrane injury in the germinating seeds of both the monocot and dicot seeds.