bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
XXXI. Observations on the Alphabet of the Pagan Irish, and of the Age in which Finn and Ossin lived. By Col. Charles Vallancey
Authors: Vallancey Charles
Published: July 2016

All the Irish seanaches or antiquaries have seriously asserted that their Pagan ancestors had the use of an alphabetical character, called Ogham, that was used, not as a cipher, but as an uniform alphabet, in which all matters relating to the state, and to religion, were recorded. Hence, in late ages, this character was improperly named the Druidical Oghamy, for Druidism was not the established religion of the Pagan Irish, as I shall explain to this Society at another time.
XXXVII. On the radical Letters of the Pelasgians and their derivatives. By Thomas Astle, Esq.
Authors: Astle Thomas
Published: July 2016

A knowledge of the radical letters of any language, is the surest means of obtaining information respecting the sounds of which such language was composed, and of the state of it when these radical letters only were used. This will best enable us to recover those which have been for many ages so intirely neglected as to be in a manner effaced. The utility which results from a distinction of the radical letters of such languages from their derivatives is too obvious to need any illustration; the separation of the one from the other, will assist in forming a right judgment of the age and authenticity of coins, inscriptions, and other ancient documents, and will be of the greatest use in distinguishing such as are genuine from those which are spurious.
XLV. A Description and Plan of the ancient Timber Bridge at Rochester, collected from two MSS. published in Lambarde's Perambulation of Kent. By Mr. Essex
Authors: Essex
Published: July 2016

It is uncertain whether the Romans built any bridges of stone in Britain while they were masters of it; but, that they erected bridges of wood can hardly be doubted; yet the Thames and Medway were impassable at London and Rochester by any other means than ferries until about one hundred years before the Norman Conquest, when a timber bridge was erected at London, and it is hot improbable that at Rochester was built about the same time. These bridges being of timber, which of all materials used in building is most subject to decay, were afterwards rebuilt with stone, that at London in 1176, that at Rochester about the year 1386 or 1387. It is impossible to say with certainty how either of these bridges were constructed, though it is well known to those who have observed the progress of the various arts relating to architecture in this kingdom, that the earliest works of carpentry were very rude, their strength depending more on the quantity and substance of the timbers, than on the judicious disposition of them.
VIII. Some Observations on an Antique Bas-relief, on which the Evil Eye, or Fascinum, is represented. By James Millingen, Esq. F.S.A.
Authors: Millingen James
Published: July 2016

The monument of which a drawing is presented to this learned Society, (see Pl. VI.) is the only one of the kind that has been hitherto discovered. It is interesting not only from its singularity, but as illustrating various doubtful points of antiquity.
IX. Observations on the Site of the Priory of Halywell in Warwickshire, a Cell to Roucester Abbey in the County of Stafford. By William Hamper, Esq. In a Letter addressed to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Hamper William
Published: July 2016

The subject of the following Observations having been already brought before the Society of Antiquaries, no apology will, I trust, be deemed necessary, for my requesting you to do me the honour of presenting them to that learned body
XXV. A Defence of the early Antiquity of the Bayeux Tapestry. By Thomas Amyot, Esq. F.S.A. in a Letter addressed to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Amyot Thomas
Published: July 2016

In the observations which I addressed to you on the historical fact supposed to be established by the Bayeux Tapestry, I purposely abstained from investigating the age of that venerable and interesting relick. Such an attempt, indeed, would have been foreign to the object of my inquiry, believing as I then did, and as I still do, that, to whatever period this work may be ascribed, it cannot justly be considered as furnishing any evidence whatever of Harold's mission to the court of Normandy. But as the whole subject of the Tapestry is now fairly before us, most ably illustrated both by the pencil and the pen of Mr. Stothard, jun. I am tempted to avail myself of the opportunity thus afforded me of adverting to the question which has been so long at issue. This may perhaps seem the less necessary, when I profess myself to be abundantly satisfied with the proofs adduced by Mr. Stothard in support of the tradition which makes the Tapestry coeval with the events it celebrates.
XXVII. Observations, tending to show, that the following Document, which was published by Selden, in his “Titles of Honour,” is Supposititious. By George Chalmers, Esq. F.R.S. and S.A. Communicated in a Letter to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Chalmers George
Published: July 2016

I propose to show, that the following document, which was published by Selden, in his Titles of Honour, the second Edition, p. 846, from a MS. on parchment, in a hand of the time, is supposititious. Truth can only be established on the ruins of falsehood. This document has been introduced into Parliamentary Proceedings; it has been cited in our Peerages; it has been quoted by intelligent Antiquaries: and after it has deluded the legal, and antiquarian world, for so many years, the time is come, when its pretensions to genuineness may be examined, and its spuriousness exposed.
I. A further Account of some Remains of Roman and other Antiquities in or near the County of Brecknock in South Wales. By John Strange, Esq.
Authors: Strange John
Published: July 2016

Though many circumstances particularly favour the researches of the early Antiquaries in all countries; yet the attempts of the latter are not altogether useless, and deserve the more encouragement, as they are commonly attended with greater difficulties. The approbation, therefore, which this learned Society was pleased to show to my former account of some remains of Roman and other Antiquities in Brecknockshire, encourages me to communicate some further remarks of the like nature, which were either omitted in that account, or have occurred to me since the communication of it.
V. An Account of Human Bones filled with Lead. In a Letter from Mr. Worth, late of Diss, F.A.S. to Edward King, Esq; With Observations thereon by Dr. Hunter
Authors: Worth  , Hunter
Published: July 2016

I have taken the liberty of transmitting to you a bone which seems to be extremely singular. It was found in making a grave in the chancel of Badwell Ash, near Walsham le Willows in Suffolk (in Blackbourn hundred), about the middle of last April. The sexton of this parish, after removing the pavement and about two feet of the earth, came upon a vaulted arch, which was so very strongly cemented together, that it was with great difficulty he broke through it. After he had removed the upper part of this arch, he proceeded to throw out the contents of the vault, which was made to contain only one coffin, and in which were a number of bones that appeared to have been deposited there a long time, and some of the mould which he let fall in, in breaking through the arch; but no appearance either of wood, or lead coffin.
VIII. Observations on Kit's Cotty House, in Kent. In a Letter to the Honourable Daines Barrington, from the Reverend Mr. Pegge
Authors: Pegge Samuel
Published: July 2016

Considering that freedom of thinking on points of antiquity, and that liberty of debate, which your Society not only allows, but encourages in its members; no apology need be made for resuming the consideration of any subject of enquiry, or for dissenting from those who may have delivered their sentiments concerning it before. I flatter myself, therefore, that I shall neither give offence to the candour of the Society in general, nor to the liberal mind of your worthy treasurer, Mr. Colebrooke, in particular, if, with all deference and respect towards him, I should cause that rude and ancient Kentish monument, vulgarly called Kit's Cotty House, to pass again in review before you, and should happen to disagree with him, and others, in certain particulars concerning it.
IX. Account of a singular Discovery of a Quantity of Birds Bones buried in Christ Church Priory, Hampshire. By Gustavus Brander, Esq; In a Letter to the President
Authors: Brander Gustavus
Published: July 2016

Having lately made a purchase of the Site of the Priory of Christ Church Twynham, in Hampshire, I was desirous of obtaining the Ichnography of that venerable ruin; and, in order thereto, had the rubbish carefully removed from the foundations. These being laid open, I have been enabled very clearly to trace out the plan and arrangement of the whole building, and to ascertain, in a great measure, the appropriation of the several principal parts, how they were disposed, and what their respective form and size; and among these, in paiticular, that of the Refectory.
XI. Observations on a Coin of Robert Earl of Gloucester, addressed to the President. By Mr. Colebrook
Authors: Colebrook
Published: July 2016

As the tables of English silver coins published by the Society contain little more than a bare description of the several pieces, with their legends and devices on the reverse; and as there are some in the first and second plate which are truly historical; an elucidation of these from the historians who wrote of those times, and lived in or near them (though thought too long for a note to have been inserted at the bottom of the page), may be matter of entertainment to those gentlemen who collect our English coins. I hope the following particulars will in some measure point out the occasions on which these coins were struck.
XVI. Conjectures on Sir Richard Worsley's Seal. By John Charles Brooke, Esq; of the Heralds College, F.A.S. In a Letter to the Dean of Exeter
Authors: Brooke John Charles
Published: July 2016

As you expressed a desire at the last meeting of the Society to receive any information that would help to elucidate the device upon the curious Seal Ring belonging to Sir Richard Worsley, bart. which was then produced, I have sent you the following conjectures upon the subject.
XVII. A Dissertation on a most valuable Gold Coin of Edmund Crouchback, Son of Henry III. By the Rev. Mr. Pegge
Authors: Pegge
Published: July 2016

I am extremely obliged to you for the drawing of lord Milton's Pectorale[a]; and in return I beg leave to present you with the following short memoir, concerning a curious, and, in my opinion, an almost inestimable, Coin of Edmund Crouchback.
XXIII. Remarks upon Mr. Bryant's Vindication of the Apamean Medal. By the Abbé Barthelemy and Mr. Charles Combe, F.R. and A.S.
Authors: Barthelemy  , Combe Charles
Published: July 2016

Mr. Bryant, in his vindication of the Apamean Medal[a], seems not to be sensible of any other objection to his hypothesis than that taken notice of by the anonymous author there alluded to; though this writer appears so little acquainted either with medals or Greek (for if we retain his reading, ΟΓ. B. APXI. becomes inexplicable), that he scarcely seemed worthy of the notice of a gentleman so eminently distinguished for his learning and abilities. But those who are more conversant with this branch of science entertained doubts of the authenticity of the letters N.Ω.E. and even of the medal itself, nor were the letters N.H.T.Ω.N. on the medal of Sezerus, free from the same suspicions.
XXIV. Account of Coins, &c. found in digging up the Foundations of some old Houses near the Church of St. Mary Hill, London, 1774. By the Rev. Dr. Griffith, Rector of that Church
Authors: Griffith
Published: July 2016

I here send you, according to your desire, a particular account of the coins found in my parish, of which I before shewed you some specimens. If, on looking over this account, you shall think it worth the notice of the respectable Society of Antiquaries, you are extremely welcome to lay it before them.
III. Description of a Gold Medal struck upon the Birth of King Charles II. by the Rev. Mark Noble, F.A.S, in a Letter addressed to Wilson Aylesbury Roberts, Esq. F.A.S.
Authors: Noble Mark
Published: July 2016

Herewith I send you a drawing, which exhibits a gold medal struck by king Charles I. upon the birth of the prince his son, afterwards king Charles II. Upon the obverse it gives the bull of king Charles I. representing that monarch crowned, with a ruff, and a military scarf over his armour. It is inscribed Carolvs D. G. Mag. Brit. Fra. Et Hib. Rex. The reverse shews the royal infant in a superb chair, with Mars and Mercury holding a wreath over him. The motto is Reddat Avos. In the Exergue the date of his birth Maii 29, 1630.
VII. Account of Inscriptions discovered on the Walls of an Apartment in the Tower of London. By the Rev. John Brand, Secretary
Authors: Brand John
Published: July 2016

There is a room in Beauchamp's Tower, in the Tower of London, antiently the place of confinement for state prisoners, and which has lately been converted into a mess-room for the officers of the garrison there [a]. On this alteration being made a great number of inscriptions was discovered on the walls of the room, which probably have, for the most part, been made with nails, and are all of them, it should seem, the undoubted autographs, at different periods, of the several illustrious and unfortunate tenants of this once dreary mansion. For the discovery, as well as the preservation, of these most curious memorials, the Society stand indebted to the unremitted zeal and attention of their respectable member, Colonel Smith, F. R. S. major of the Tower of London.
XV. Explanation of a Seal of the Abbey of Lundores, in Scotland, by the Rev. John Brand, Secretary. In a Letter addressed to Owen Salusbury Brereton, Esq. Vice President
Authors: Brand John
Published: July 2016

Sirs ye shall understand that I am wele remembred, how a pece of voide grounde lying in the parish of Saint Mary Magdalene in Milkstrete of London, on the west side of the same strete was com'nly named and called the Chirche-yard of Saint Mary Magdalene Chirche in Milkstrete aforesaide And that there stode a crosse in and uppon the same voide grounde of the height of a man or more And that the same crosse was worshipped by the parisshens there as crosses be com'only worshiipped in other Chircheyardes.
XVI. Copy of an Original Instrument dated 25 Nov. 1449, concerning the Church-yard of St. Mary Magdalen in Milk Street, London. Exhibited to the Society of Antiquaries by Thomas Loggen, Esq.
Authors: Loggen Thomas
Published: July 2016

In Dei nomine amen. Per hoc presens publicum instrumentum cunclis appareat evidenter quod anno ab incarnacione dominica millmo ccccmo nonagesimo nono indictione tercia pontificatus vero sanctissimi patris et Domini nostri Domini Alexandri divina providentia pape sexti anno octavo mensis vero Novembris die vicesima quinta in quodam mesuagio five taberna vocat' le Egle situat in Westchepa civitatis London in mei que notarii publici subscripti et testium infrâ script' presentia personaliter constitutus honorabilis et providus vir magister Robertus Sheffeld clericus filius ut asseruit Edmundi Sheffeld quondam de parochia omnium sanctorum in Honylane dicte civitatis London comorantis apud le hole Bulle ibidem sponte et ex fuo mero motu atque certa scientia ac libera et spontanea fua voluntate nullo errore duclius nulloque vi metu dolo feu fraude coaclus non deceptus non feduclus nee aliqua alia finistra machinatione ut asseruit circumvent'—fed ex animo deliberat' ac in rei veritatis testimon' deposuit confessatus fuit dixit et publice fatebatur certa verba Anglicana fequencia feu alia eis consimilia scilicet:
XXI. Observations on Mr. Townley's Antique Bronze Helmet, found at Ribchester in Lancashire. By the Rev. Stephen Weston, B.D. F.A.S. In a Letter addressed to the President
Authors: Weston Stephen
Published: July 2016

I beg leave to request the attention of the Society whilst I hazard a conjecture upon the nature of the personage intended to be represented on the beautiful and singularly curious relic of antient art, exhibited by Mr. Townly from his rich and unparalleled collection of Greek and Roman antiquities.
XXII. Observations on the Griggirrys of the Mandingos. In a Letter from Elliott Arthy, Esq. to William Blizard, Esq. F.R.S, and F.A.S.
Authors: Arthy Elliott
Published: July 2016

I send you inclosed a small specimen of African manuscripst, which I obtained from one of the natives of that quarter of the globe, on a voyage into Sierra Leone River, in the year 1795. Pieces of manuscript of a similar kind are in general use among a tribe of Africans, called Mandingos, who inhabit a part of Africa, situated about one hundred miles to the northward of the British colony at Sierra Leone. They are commonly folded into a smali compass, and inclosed in little leathern cases, to which are fixed leathern thongs, by means of which they are hung, and constantly worn, round either the necks or waists of the Mandingos.
IX. Observations on some brass Celts, and other Weapons discovered in Ireland, 1780; by the Rev. Mr. Pegge. In a Letter to the Rev. Michael Lort, D.D. V.P.A.S.
Authors: Pegge
Published: July 2016

It is but a very imperfect account I can give you of a late discovery, in the antiquarian way, made in Ireland; however it is the best I am able to offer. About the year 1780, two pieces of antiquity were found in a bog in West-Meath, unaccompanied with any thing else of note. Lady Sharborne, having been in that kingdom this summer, the pieces I mentioned happily came into her hands, and her Ladyship, on her return to England was so obliging as to make me a present of them.
X. Some Account of a Roman Road leading from Southampton by Chichester and Arundell, through Sussex and Surrey to London, so far as the same is found in Surrey. By William Bray, Esq. F.A.S.
Authors: Bray William
Published: July 2016

The most learned Antiquaries who have endeavoured to trace the four great roads supposed to have travelled this island in different directions, acknowledge themselves at a loss to find out that which is called the Ermine or Erming street. That it went from South to North is testified by some of our earliest writers [a], but various are the opinions as to the commencement of it.
XVI. Account of Antiquities discovered in Cornwall, 1774. By Philip Rashleigh, Esq. F.A.S.
Authors: Rashleigh Philip
Published: July 2016

In the year 1774, as some tinners were searching for tin in a stream-work near St. Austell, in the county of Cornwall, about 17 feet under the surface of the ground, they discovered a silver cup, which is now used for wine at the Communion Table, in which were several antient pieces of ornament, for a person of high rank, as represented in Pl. VIII. The cup was placed in a heap of loose stones, the refuse of an old tin-work, and covered with a common slate, where it was probably hid in troublesome times, either by the owner, or by some person who stole it. The quantity of earth and stone which had accumulated over the cup since it was deposited in the stream-work, shews that it had remained there for a great number of years. The cup was very thin and brittle, and fell into so many pieces as to prevent its being united. Besides the articles represented in the drawing, it contained many of the most curious Saxon coins ever discovered at one time. These with the other pieces of antiquity fell out in moving the ground, and some were probably lost in Shovelling about the rubbish. Those which were picked up were in a few hours disperst about the country, and many of them broken. The greatest part were afterwards collected; and are at Menabilly in Cornwall.
XXIV. Account of some Discoveries in the church of Brotherton, in Yorkshire. In a Letter to the Rev. Mr. Norris, Secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. By the Rev. Mr. Drake, F.A.S.
Authors: Drake
Published: July 2016

I send you here some remains of antiquity which were dug up in Yorkshire a few years ago; and which, though immediately transmitted to me, I have neglected, through a natural indolence of temper, to convey before now to the Society. They consist of a chalice, pretty much mutilated, and its lid, a spur, and part of a flocking; and were found in digging a grave on the north side of Brotherton church, May 20, 1781. I must inform you, that Ferrybridge is a hamlet adjoining to Brotherton; we may therefore, I apprehend, naturally suppose that these things were buried along with one of the lords that were killed at a skirmish that happened at Ferrybridge on Saturday the 28th of May, 1461. In order to make this more intelligible to you, I will give you a short sketch of the circumstances that related to that event.
XXV. Observations on the Round Towers in Ireland, by the Rev. Thomas Harmer of Watesfield, Suffolk, in a Letter to the Rev. George Ashby, B.D. F.A.S.
Authors: Harmer Thomas
Published: July 2016

You doubtless remember the papers in the first volume of the Archæologia relating to those antique slender towers which are found belonging to some old churches in Scotland and Ireland, but generally at some distance from them, and which, though lofty, were not capable of holding bells of any size. Very different sentiments were entertained of the uses they were designed for: some supposing they were intended for watch-towers: some, for places of refuge to which the people might repair on any sudden alarm ; some, as places of penance. The conjectures of others differed from all these. The enquiries of the learned, after all, terminated in uncertainty; and I found the uneasiness of such a state, without expecting ever to meet with any thing satisfactory upon the point.
III. Some Remarks on the early use of Carriages in England, and on the modes of Travelling adopted by our Ancestors. In a Letter addressed by J. H. Markland, Esq. F.R.S. and S.A. to Thomas Amyot, Esq. F.S.A.
Authors: Markland J. H.
Published: July 2016

In the subjoined letter, which, as a family relic, I lately communicated to Mr. Lister Parker, and which has since been read to this Society, allusion is made to a stage-coach in 1663. This led me to enquire into the antiquity of wheeled carriages, and the modes of travelling formerly adopted in this country, and should you consider the fruits of my researches sufficiently interesting to merit the attention of the Society, you are at liberty to lay them before that body.
VII. Account of the Discovery of the Heart of Lord Edward Bruce, at Culross in Perthshire. In a Letter from the Right Honourable Lord Stowell, F.S.A. addressed to the Right Honourable the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T. F.R.S. President
Authors: Stowell
Published: July 2016

I have the honour of transmitting to your Lordship the Account which I received at Valleyfield from Sir Robert Preston. I accompanied him to the Abbey-church of Culross, and saw the plate containing the inscription relating to the Heart of Lord Edward Bruce there interred. The plate contains likewise a delineation of the Silver Case containing it; being in the shape of a heart, with all its ramification of veins, which I was unable to copy.
IX. Remarks on the Population of English Cities in the time of Edward the Third. By Thomas Amyot, Esq. F.S.A. In a Letter addressed to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Amyot Thomas
Published: July 2016

Having lately had occasion to examine the Subsidy Roll of the 51st year of Edward the Third, printed in the seventh volume of the “Archæologia,” I am induced to offer you some remarks on the degree of information which that curious document appears to supply, with reference to the population of our ancient Cities.
XII. Remarks on the Gothic Ornaments of the Duomo, Battistero, and Campo Santo, of Pisa; by Arthur Taylor, Esq. F.S.A. Communicated in a Letter from the Rev. William Gunn to Nicholas Carlisle, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Taylor Arthur , Gunn William
Published: July 2016

In doing myself the honour of transmitting to you the following admirable remarks of my friend Mr. Arthur Taylor, permit me briefly to preface them with some explanatory observations, which, on perusal, you will allow are demanded of me.
VI. Account of a Tract, from the Press of Richard Pynson, relating to the Espousals and Marriage of Mary, daughter of King Henry the Seventh, with Charles Prince of Castile. By Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary, in a Letter to Samuel Lysons, Esq. V.P. F.R.S.
Authors: Ellis Henry
Published: July 2016

Upon looking into some of the earlier volumes of the Archaeologia, I find that typographical antiquities have occasionally engaged the attention of the Society of Antiquaries. Allow me, through your hands, to transmit an Account of a Tract in the Library of the British Museum, printed by Pynson, of which, as far as I can learn, no other copy is known. It throws light on a transaction at the close of the reign of Henry the Seventh, on which the information of our historians is, to say the least, scanty; and it has been noticed by no collector of the titles of English works printed in the sixteenth century.
XV. An Account of the Remains of several Roman Buildings and other Roman Antiquities discovered in the County of Gloucester. By Samuel Lysons, Esq. V.P. F.R.S.
Authors: Lysons Samuel
Published: July 2016

In the year 1789 I communicated to this Society some account of the remains of a Roman building which had been discovered in 1770 and 1787 at Comb-End Farm, in the parish of Colesbourn, belonging to Samuel Bowyer, Esq. about six miles distant from the Roman station of Corinium, now Cirencester; which account is printed in the ninth volume of the Archaeologia. In the year 1794 I had an opportunity of investigating another part of the same remains, when in the month of October an opening was made about fifty feet east of the pavement discovered in 1779, at a place where the inequality of the ground seemed to Indicate the remains of some building underneath, and the foundation walls of a room thirty-eight feet in length and fifteen in width soon appeared; the walls were of stone, somewhat more than two feet thick.
XXV. Remarks on Gog and Magog, as they are mentioned in Genesis, chap. x, v. 2.; in Ezekiel, chap. xxxviii.; and in the Revelation of St. John the Divine; in a Letter from the Rev. Stephen Weston, B.D. F.R.S. and S.A. to the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T. F.R.S. President
Authors: Weston Stephen
Published: July 2016

I propose to offer to your Lordship and the Society some remarks on Gog and Magog as we find them in Genesis x. v. 2. Ezekiel xxxviii. and in the Revelation of St. John, c. xx. v. 8.

Ezekiel is the first, from the days of Moses to his own time, who mentions Gog and Magog in a certain prophecy, that a nation from the North should in some future time invade Palestine, Gog being the Prince, and Magog the Country.
XXVIII. Observations on the Discovery of Part of a Sarcophagus at Reading Abbey, in Berkshire, supposed to have contained the Remains of King Henry I. in a Letter from the Rev. Robert Nares, B.D. F.R.S. and S.A. to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Nares Robert
Published: July 2016

It appears from Sandford's Genealogical History, that, at the suppression of the Religious Houses, under Henry VIII, the rage of Reformation went so far as to destroy even the tombs and monuments of the founders. This he particularly specifies to have been the case with the tomb of Henry I. the Founder of Reading Abbey, whose bones, he says, “Could not enjoy repose in his grave,—but were thrown out, to make room for a stable of Horses.” p. 28. Accident having lately brought to light what appears to be a part of the wreck of that very tomb, I have thought that a short account of it might be acceptable to the Society of Antiquaries.
XXIX. Regulations framed in the Reign of K. Richard II. for the Government of the Tower of London; communicated by Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary, in a Letter to Matthew Raper, Esq. V.P.
Authors: Ellis Henry
Published: July 2016

I beg to communicate through your hands to the Society of Antiquaries a Transcript of the Regulations which appear to have been framed in the Reign of King Richard the Second for the Government of the Tower of London. The Manuscript containing them is preserved in the Lansdown Collection here.
XXXI. Sir Martin Forbisher's Instructions, when going on a Voyage to the North West Parts and Cathay, t. Qu. Eliz. Communicated by Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary, in a Letter to Samuel Lysons, Esq. F.R.S. V.P.
Authors: Ellis Henry
Published: July 2016

The Letter, of which I enclose a Copy, shews that in the time of King James the First there was a more summary mode of settling disputes in a Corporation, as to the choice of their officers, than that now in use of applying to the Court of King's Bench for a Mandamus, or a Quo Warranto.

If you think it worth reading to the Society as a morsel of the history of one of the ancient Cinque Ports, it is at your service.
XXXII. A Letter to the Mayor and Jurats of the Town of Winchelsea, respecting the Choice of Officers in that Corporation, A.D. 1609. Communicated by William Bray, Esq. Treasurer, in a Letter to Nicholas Carlisle, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Bray William
Published: July 2016

Juratts or freemen, whereby the scope in the eleccỡn of the Mayor might be more large, wch was then (amongst many other) a mayne greevaunce to the Inhabitants, the place having att that tyme bene for many yeares together supplyed only by three; for reformacỡn whereof we addressed or Irềs for election to be made into yt office for ye yeare following of Thomas Pelham the only Juratt yt had bene held out of that place, while ye Mayrolty was contynued in three. But in ye last yeares election, whether out of ignourance or perswacỡn wee know not, wee are informed ye freemen swarved from our scope & intencỡn, and contrary to the Lord Warden's exp'sse comanndmt made choyce of one into that office yt was neither antientest Juratt, nor yet capable of any governnt. being before suspended by his loppp. & the Mayor inhibited to call him to ye Bench, who under p'tence of Seigniority, as being sometymes a Juratt (wth place he had many yeares before waved & given ovr) challenged to himself a right by relacỡn to ye tyme of his first admittance wth was long before lost. Forasmuch as it is thought fitt, that in ye successive election of the Mayor, the Juratts should from henceforth be chosen to succeede in that office by Seigniority & place of Eldershipp, as they are in order of Auntientnesse recorded in ye Towne booke kept for that purpose and have held & exercised yl place wthout discontinuance according to ye example of Romney & Sandwth, as ye best meanes to establishe peace, & to cutt of ye cause of envye and partiallity (ye seedes of y1 dissencỡn) wth hath bene soe long & soe unhappily nourished amongst yow: These are therefore to require yow to observe ye said orders for ye better gouvernem1.
XXXIV. Instructions for the Survey of Church Goods, A.D. 1552. Communicated by John Caley, Esq. F.S.A. from the Original preserved in the Augmentation Office; in a Letter to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Caley John
Published: July 2016

If the enclosed Paper of the Instructions given by King Edward the Sixth to the Marquis of Northampton and the other Commissioners for Survey of Church Goods within the County of Oxford, is in your judgment sufficiently interesting, I beg you will have the goodness to communicate it to the Society of Antiquaries.
XXXV. A View of the Opinions of various Writers on the identical Place where the Ark of Noah rested. By the Rev. Stephen Weston, B.D. F.R.S. in a Letter to the Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T. F.R.S. President, &c. &c. &c.
Authors: Weston Stephen
Published: July 2016

I propose to give a short but comprehensive View of the Opinions of various Writers on the identical place where the Ark rested, and leave it to your Lordship and the Society to determine, if what has been already suggested be so satisfactory as to require no further discussion on the subject.
VI. Copy of an Original Proclamation of Queen Elizabeth, concerning the Scarcity of Grain; and a Letter from her Majesty's Privy Council to the Sheriff and Justices of the County of Norfolk, on the same Subject. Communicated by Francis Douce, Esq. F. A. S.
Authors: Douce Francis
Published: July 2016

The Quenes Majestye is presently given t'understand of sum ill-disposed persons, who, partly to move misliking amongst the comun and meaner sort of her loving people, partly of covetousnes, to enhaunce the prices of corn, have of late secretly spred abrode, in markets and other places, that the prices do ryse and ar like daily to encreace, by reason that certain persons have bought sum quantites of grayn to her Majesties use in sundry countrees: and that also her Majestie meaneth to graunt to sum about her licence to cary corn out of the realm. Upon which rumors being maliciously spred, it may indede happen, that although there be no scarcite in the realme (thanked be Almighty God) yet therby the covetousnes of such as have either of ther own stoore, or by unlawfull bargaynes ingrossed into their hands great quantite of ail manner of grayn, will take occasions to inhaunce the prices therof without necessary cause, to the detriment and burden of the multitud which have lack.
IX. Observations on the Remains of a Stone Cross, or Pillar, at Hemsby, in the Hundred of West Flegg, in the County of Norfolk, with conjectures respecting its antient Designation and Use. In a Letter from the Rev. William Gibson, A. M. and F. A. S. to the Rev. John Brand, Secretary
Authors: Gibson William
Published: July 2016

Not recollecting to have met with any notice respecting the subject of the annexed sketch, I venture to transmit it to you, with some remarks and conjectures concerning it, to be submitted, with your leave, to the consideration of the Society of Antiquaries, at some one of their future meetings.
XI. An account of a Roman Military Way, in Essex, and of Roman Antiquities, found near it, by Thomas Walford, Esq. F. A. S. in a Letter to the Rev. John Brand, Secretary
Authors: Walford Thomas
Published: July 2016

As you did me the favour of laying before the Society, the Roman Antiquities found at Topesfield in Essex, I hope the following account of the Roman Military Way, which passed through the villages of Ridgwell, Birdbrook and Sturmere, in Essex, with the antiquities found on each side, will be equally acceptable to the Society, as it may hereafter, perhaps, assist some future Horsley or Reynolds in their itinerary researches, being accompanied with a very accurate survey upon a large scale.
XIII. Account of an Antient Building in Southampton, by Sir H.C. Englefield, Bart. F.R.S. and V.P.A.S.
Authors: Englefield H. C.
Published: July 2016

The building of which I have now the honour to lay before the Society, the measured drawings, is situated in the southern part of the town of Southampton, in a narrow street called Porters Lane, not far from the Water Gate at the bottom of the High Street.
XV. An Account of some Antiquities discovered on the Quantock Hills, in Somersetshire, in the Year 1794; communicated by Charles Joseph Harford, Esq. of Stapleton in the County of Glocester
Authors: Harford Charles Joseph
Published: July 2016

In the month of December 1794, a labourer, employed to dig a drain through a marshy piece of ground, on the south side of the Quantock Hills in Somersetshire, found, about six feet beneath the surface, two rings, one lying on the other; within each of which was placed a celt, as represented in the annexed plate; he took them away with him when he left work; and on his return the following day he perceived the ground, where they had lain, was sunk, as if it had been hollow underneath: unfortunately, he searched no further. Of these curious articles of antient workmanship two celts, and one ring, which proved to be atorques, [Pl. XXIII.fig. 2.] were soon after sent to me; the othertorques, I understand, is in the possession of the owner of the estate. Concluding from the circumstance of the ground's sinking, that bones, or other sepulchral relicks, might be found, I obtained permission to open the place; which I accordingly did with the person who had made the discovery, but without success. This may, in some degree, be ascribed to a road having been made, and to other difficulties in ascertaining the exact spot which we were anxious to explore.
XVI. An Account of Moulds for casting Roman Coins found at and near Edington, in the County of Somerset, by the Rev. J. Poole, in a Letter to Charles Joseph Harford, Esq. F. A. S.
Authors: Poole J.
Published: July 2016

Having noticed, in Camden's Britannia, an account of some clay moulds for fabricating Roman coins, found about the beginning of the last century at Edington, in the county of Somerset, and understanding, from persons in the neighbourhood, that they still continued to be discovered there, I was induced, some time since, to go thither with a party of friends; and we were fortunate enough to be directed to a spot where, in less than an hour's search, we picked up several hundred of them.
XVII. An Account of the Prior's Chapel at Ely, by William Wilkins, Jun. Esq. F. A. S. in a Letter to the Rev. John Brand, Secretary
Authors: Wilkins William
Published: July 2016

I have herewith sent you the drawings of the Prior's Chapel at Ely, which I mentioned to you when I had last the pleasure of seeing you. These drawings are accompanied with an explanation and a few remarks on the style of building, which I have to request you will do me the honour to present to the Society in my name, at the first convenient opportunity. The history of this Chapel you will find comprised in a few sentences, as indeed must be the case of all which are private, and have no religious establishment. The merit therefore of the whole, if it have any, will consist in the drawings, and in those I fear only, considering them as accurate delineations from the original. The few observations subjoined, you will be at liberty to present or not, according to your own opinion of them; and I beg you will not be scrupulous in rejecting them, if you think they approach too near to those which have already been made on the subject. The Chapel you will find is now a dwelling-house, and not much visited by strangers. During my stay at Ely, I was introduced to its present possessor, and had many opportunities of seeing it.
XXV. Observations on the Anachronisms and Inaccuracies of our Writers, respecting the Times of the assembling of Parliaments, and of the Dates of Treaties, Grants, Charters, and other Instruments, as well public as private, by Thomas Astle, Esq. F. R. S. and F. A. S.
Authors: Astle Thomas
Published: July 2016

It must be generally allowed, that a strict accuracy in chronology is of the utmost importance in all cases, but more especially to historians, biographers, lawyers, and antiquaries; and to those who have quoted and printed our national records, many of whom have misled themselves, and those who have implicitly followed them, from the paths of truth, the consequences of these errors will presently be manifested. For avoiding the mistakes alluded to, it is absolutely necessary for historians and others to be very attentive to the times of the commencement of each year of our Lord, and of the reign of our kings. In England the legal year commenced on the 25th of March till 1752, when, by the statute of the 24th of his late Majesty, chap. 23, it was enacted, that, from and after the last day of December 1751, it should in future commence on the first of January in each year.
XXVII. A further Inquiry respecting the early use of Rhime, by Sharon Turner, Esq. F. A. S. in a Letter to the Rev. John Brand, Secretary
Authors: Turner Sharon
Published: July 2016

I troubled you a few months ago with some examples of the antiquity of rhime in the western nations of Europe. Many of them had not been noticed before; especially our Saxon Aldhelm, whose work completely establishes the certainty that rhime was in existence in the seventh century. Aldhelm's authority is the more important, because he characterises the instance he quotes with the epithet “rythmico.” The instances which were given of its earlier use derived additional probability from Aldhelm's example.
XXX. Account of a further Discovery of Antiquities at Southfleet in Kent, in a Letter from the Rev. Peter Rashleigh, Rector of that place, to the Rt. Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K. B. P. R. S. and F. S. A.
Authors: Rashleigh Peter
Published: July 2016

As I have made some further progress in my researches in Sole Field, in which I have been successful, I take up my pen to send you some account of what I have recently discovered in the same spot; which I think will decidedly determine it to be a Roman burial place. Within a small distance of the former tomb, and at about three feet beneath the surface of the earth, I found a pavement of stone, of the common Kentish ragstone, which being removed, I discovered under it, nearly in the centre, a sarcophagus, or massy stone, divided into two parts, top and bottom, very nicely fitted in a groove; upon taking off the top, I found it had been excavated in an oval form, both top and bottom, with a rough or coarse stonemason's chissel; in this oval recess were placed two large glass urns or Vases, containing each a considerable quantity of the remains of burnt bodies; both the urns were open at the top, but one of them, containing the lesser portion of the bodies (which occupied about one third of it) was filled to the very brink with a transparent liquor, which did not appear to have been diminished in the smallest degree, by evaporation, (this circumstance appears extremely curious): the liquor has no taste or smell, has no acid or alkali, but is probably some mucilaginous substance, which I wait the result of a chemical inquiry to ascertain.
XXXI. Account of Roman Urns discovered in Cornwall, and of a Cromlech discovered in the Parish of Madron in the same County; in a Letter from the Rev. Malachi Hitchins to the Rt. Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K.B. P.R.S. and F.S.A.
Authors: Hitchins Malachi
Published: July 2016

I take the liberty of transmitting to you a short account of three Roman urns found some years since in this neighbourhood, and mentioned briefly in a former letter which I did myself the honour of sending you, together with some notice of a very curious cromlêh lately discovered by accident.
XXXII. An Account of the Walls of Constantinople, in a Letter from the Rev. James Dallaway, M.B. F.A.S. to Samuel Lysons, Esq. F.R.S. Director
Authors: Dallaway James
Published: July 2016

The detention of my papers for more than five years in the Levant, and the loss of the better part of them, will account for so late a communication of my survey of the great walls of Constantinople, accompanied by some sketches of them, which I beg leave, by your favour, to submit to the Society. They were made in 1795 from repeated examinations, and with a curiosity heightened by objects of so much historical consequence, and exhibiting a picturesque grandeur unequalled in any part of Europe.
Viewpoint
Authors: Matthews John
Published: July 2016

Although the ARLIS International Conference in April was primarily devoted to the study of art periodicals, considerable discussion, and one formal session, concerned the desirability of an international art libraries society, ARLIS International. With delegates from Australia and New Zealand, Canada, Eire, France, Germany, Holland, Nigeria, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, it was apparent that some consensus of opinion could be taken which would reflect the need for international cooperation between art libraries.
Art Critics, Journalists, and Reporters
Authors: Reichardt Jasia
Published: July 2016

The role, as a source of information and as a vehicle of art itself, the writing, and the future, of the contemporary art magazine. A paper presented to the ARLIS International Conference on art periodicals at the University of Sussex on April 9th.
The ICOGRADA Audio/Visual Archive by Shelagh Adshead
Authors: Adshead Shelagh
Published: July 2016

The Archive of ICOGRADA, the International Council of Graphic Design Associations, provides a reference centre and a hire service based on a collection of original examples of graphic design, slides, films, and recordings of lectures on design. The Archive is housed at Bolton College of Art and Design, Lancashire.
Viewpoint 2
Authors: Viaux Jacqueline
Published: July 2016

The first meeting of a new section of IFLA, the Art Libraries Section, was held at the IFLA Conference in Brussels on 8th September, 1977. This was the outcome of several years’ work, both in various different countries and within IFLA itself.

It was at the 39th IFLA Conference (Grenoble, August 1973) that I first suggested to a Special Libraries Division meeting the benefits for IFLA of establishing a group within which art libraries could effectively co-operate. This idea made slow progress, and we had had to arrive at a point where art libraries throughout the world were on the verge of setting up an International Association of Art Libraries, independent of IFLA, before the Special Libraries Division decided to pursue their well justified request.
Selected new books
Authors: Kaden Vera
Published: July 2016

The Bibliography of Museum and Art Gallery Publications and audio-visual aids in Great Britain and Ireland, edited by Jean Lambert (Cambridge: Chadwyck-Healey; Teanack, N.J.: Somerset House, 1977. £28) encourages me to consider some recent museum publications: publications for the most part that are catalogues of holdings in some way. But first a brief look at the Chadwyck-Healey publication. It describes itself as ‘a comprehensive biennial list of all types of material published and distributed by museums, art galleries and related institutions in Great Britain and Ireland’. It includes only material which is currently available for sale, loan or reference. It was compiled by questionnaire which leads to a certain lack of uniformity: some institutions, for instance, did not consider it necessary to include dates of publications. More than eight hundred institutions are included. The bibliography is divided into four sections: main entry, in which publications are listed alphabetically under their institutions; author index; title index; subject index. The snag of the last three, and particularly of the author index, is that the reader is referred only to the institution in which the author appears. This works quite well where a museum or gallery has published fairly little, but when faced with 12 pages of British Museum publications, or even 5 pages of Vaughan Williams Memorial Library publications, the job of scanning columns of small print and dense layout to find the required entry becomes daunting. Careful reading shows that many museums are still without available catalogues of their basic holdings. All the more interesting, therefore, to look at some of the catalogues that have been published recently.
Viewpoint
Authors: Wood Kath
Published: July 2016

How exactly does one interpret the term ‘User Education’ and how is it best done? These are questions which still puzzle me after two years of working at them.

Rigid interpretation of User Education as chalk and talk stand-up teaching (‘class contact’) can reduce it to apolitical hour counting activity, useful for promotion but guaranteed to get least response from students.

Whilst I think that teaching methods are all important in User Education I would argue that they must be appropriate to the activity and not imposed for the sake of form. You can’t, for example, write a series of Information Retrieval lectures into a course submission document and expect them to work because they have a degree of legitimacy. The activity may be best treated informally.