bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Application of Esketamine Hydrochloride in Children with Emergence Agitation under Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Zhaoxia Wu , Xianjie Wen
Published: June 2022

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of different doses of esketamine in preventing emergence agitation (EA) in children under sevoflurane general anesthesia.

Methods: 80 children who underwent elective tonsillectomy or (and) adenoidectomy in our hospital were selected. The children were allocated randomly to one of four groups receiving saline(group C), esketamine hydrochloride 0.25 mg/kg (group K0.25), esketamine hydrochloride 0.5 mg/kg (group K0.5)or esketamine hydrochloride 0.75 mg/kg (group K0.75) . The children in each group were administered the study drugs 10 minutes before the end of surgery.All children were maintained anesthesia with sevoflurane. The recovery characteristics, including the time to extubation, delivery time from the PACU, postoperative nausea and vomiting, agitation and modified CHEOPS score were recorded and analyzed.

Results: Immediately after extubation, the modified CHEOPS score and postoperative recovery agitation score of the three groups of children receiving intravenous esketamine were lower than those of group C (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between the three groups significance (P>0.05). When leaving the PACU, the postoperative awakening agitation scores of the children in the K0.25 and K0.5 groups were lower than those in the C group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the K0.75 and C groups (P> 0.05). Compared with group C, postoperative extubation time and PACU stay time were significantly prolonged in K0.75 and K0.5 groups (P<0.05).

Conclusions: Low-dose (0.25 mg/kg) of esketamine hydrochloride can reduce the incidence of emergent agitation and postoperative pain,and has little effect on anesthesia recovery.
Impacts of the Exploitation of Rock Models on Phytodiversity in the Agbelouve Township and Its Surroundings
Authors: Maloukou Awèdéo , Djangbeja Minkilabe , Kamou Hodabalo
Published: June 2022

The exploitation of rocky outcrops is increasing and leading to the loss of biodiversity in the canton of Agbélouvé and its surroundings. This study aims to assess the impact of the exploitation of these rocks on the flora and vegetation, in order to contribute to the sustainable management of plant resources. It is based on floristic inventories of the exploitation sites and off-site. The collected data was processed by the Excel 2016 spreadsheet, and software XLSTAT 2008. The results of this research show that this activity is at the origin of the destruction of the vegetation cover and the modification of the topographic landscape.  234 species were recorded in 96 surveys, including 95 species belonging to 41 families on the exploitation sites, compared to 139 species belonging to 51 families off-site.  The Shannon diversity indexes are 1.86 and 2 respectively on and off sites. Pielou's equitability index is 0.94 on the exploitation sites and 0.93 off-site.  The analysis of the biological spectrum shows the predominance of phanerophytes (60.76%) off sites against (37%) therophytes on the exploitation sites.  The analysis of the phytogeographical spectrum indicates the predominance of Afro-tropical species on the two sites explored. Faced with the negative impacts of the exploitation of the rock formations on the vegetation, it is necessary to take measures for the restoration of the exploitation sites.
The Plot Skeleton as a Teaching Tool for Introducing Plot in Fiction: A Reflective Inquiry
Authors:   Grand Canyon University, Miller Ann Lee
Published: June 2022

Undergraduate creative writing courses are tasked with laying a foundation for students’ future writing. Plotting is a complex fiction-writing concept, complicated by writers’ and scholars’ conflicting views on the subject. For years, I have used author Angela Hunt’s (2013) Plot Skeleton to teach plotting. Though the activity is popular and enables students to implement plotting concepts in their stories, reflecting on the module revealed why the Plot Skeleton succeeds. It requires high expectations of students, addresses multiple ways of learning, gives ample opportunities for participation, is considered “fun” by students, facilitates group interaction, and employs a gradual release of responsibility teaching format.
Teaching Effective Summary-Writing: A Reflection on the Efficacy of Scaffolding
Authors:   Grand Canyon University, Raftery Brian , Zafonte Maria
Published: June 2022

First-year college students often struggle with summary writing, especially when summarizing a text that is lengthy or complex. Some students, for example, see summarizing as an activity where “excessive copying” is permitted, putting them at risk for plagiarism (Yoshimura, 2018, p. 2). Other students struggle with summaries because they are not effective at picking out the main ideas in a text (Spirgal & Delaney, 2016). As Frey et al. (2003) note, being able to accurately and efficiently restate another author’s thesis is a necessary skill for research papers and academic writing. Based on Kolb’s experiential learning theory, which posits a four-stage learning cycle consisting of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract concepts, and active experimentation (Kolb et al., 1999), I incorporated scaffolding techniques into my pedagogical approach to summaries. To improve students’ comprehension of the document’s main points, I asked them to organize it into clusters of paragraphs that focused on the same topic for the same audience. When students finished “clustering” the 30 paragraphs in the court document that we were analyzing (Oregon v. Kinkel, 2002), the essential information came into sharp focus, which enabled them to create summaries that accurately reflected the main points and disregard non-essential information.
Excited Electron‐Rich Bi(3–x)+ Sites: A Quantum Well‐Like Structure for Highly Promoted Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Performance
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhang Wei , Liu Gaopeng , Chen Hailong , Weng Yu‐Xiang , Li Huaming , Chu Paul K. , Xia Jiexiang
Published: June 2022

Most of the current research on the photocatalytic mechanism of semiconductors is still on the simulation and evaluation of ground‐state active sites. Insights into photogenerated electron transition paths and excited‐state active sites during photocatalysis are still insufficient. Herein, combining femtosecond time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, synchronous illumination X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and theoretical calculation results rationally reveal that in complex bimetallic oxyhalides the ultrathin rich oxygen vacancies (ROV) PbBiO2Cl (PBOC) double unit cell (DUC) layers facilitate migration and separation of photogenerated electrons from the bulk to Bi sites near the surface oxygen vacancies (OVs), then form the excited electron‐rich Bi(3–x)+ sites like quantum well structure. The excited Bi(3–x)+ sites act as wells for photogenerated electrons leading to lower energy barrier in the rate determining step for the formation of *CO from *COOH intermediate. Without photosensitizers and sacrificial agents, ROV DUC PBOC exhibit high CO generation rate (16.02 µmol h–1 g–1) that is 18 times higher than that of bulk PBOC. In situ characterization combined with theoretical calculation provides effective insight into the photocatalytic mechanism of photoexcited semiconductor materials.
A Battery Process Activated Highly Efficient Carbon Catalyst toward Oxygen Reduction by Stabilizing Lithium–Oxygen Bonding
Authors: Wen Shunda , Liu Bowen , Li Wei , Liang Tao , Li Xianglong , Yi Ding , Luo Bin , Zhi Linjie , Liu Dong , Wang Bin
Published: June 2022

Graphene oxide (GO) has shown broad prospects in various practical applications, but it has been considered as a non‐active catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) unless a pretreatment such as high temperature heteroatoms‐doping is applied. Here, an interdisciplinary strategy is reported by utilizing lithium‐ion battery as a pretreatment processing to activate GO. The electrochemical battery process endows the GO with boosted ORR catalytic activity, exceeding that of nitrogen‐doped graphene at high temperature, a well‐recognized carbon catalyst. A series of control experiments point to that the carbon–oxygen–lithium bonding (C–O–Li) is possibly the origin of the activity. Further theoretical simulation tells that the lithium species stabilize the COO groups that help maintain the catalytic activity of the catalyst. Different from traditional chemical synthesis, this method provides a way to realize the lithium doping that has rarely been achieved for the heteroatoms‐doped carbon catalysts and also the control of the catalytic performance. Moreover, the proposed catalytic mechanism inspires researchers to pay more attention to the interaction of metallic heteroatoms and the oxygen‐containing functional groups in carbon. Such an interdisciplinary research combining the batteries and catalysis brings a broader vision to the field of carbon‐based electrochemistry.
Single Mo–N4 Atomic Sites Anchored on N‐doped Carbon Nanoflowers as Sulfur Host with Multiple Immobilization and Catalytic Effects for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Guo Daying , Zhang Xu , Liu Menglan , Yu Zhisheng , Chen Xi'an , Yang Bin , Zhou Zhen , Wang Shun
Published: June 2022

Rational design of sulfur hosts for effectively confining lithium polysulfides (LiPS) and optimizing the sluggish sulfur kinetics is still a major challenge in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). In this work, a simple strategy of introducing single Mo–N4 atoms into N‐doped carbon nano‐flower matrix (Mo‐N‐CNF) as sulfur host cathode materials is developed to realize high‐performance LSBs. These single Mo–N4 atoms have been demonstrated to regulate the hydrophilic nature, Li‐ion diffusion, adsorption capacity, and catalytic conversion of polysulfides via experimental evidences and theoretical calculations. The resulting Mo‐N‐CNF with high loading content of sulfur (>72 wt.%) exhibits a high specific capacity (1248 mAh g–1 at 0.2 C) and excellent rate capability (715 mAh g–1 at 5 C). More importantly, the outstanding cycling performance with a low attenuation rate of only 0.004% per cycle over 400 cycles at 4.27 mA cm–2 is achieved with the area sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm–2. This work demonstrates a viable strategy for using single atoms‐based carbon materials with high exposed sites as multiple captors for LiPS and an efficient accelerator for sulfur redox kinetics toward next‐generation LSBs with boosted electrochemical performance.
Controllable Perovskite Single Crystal Heterojunction for Stable Self‐Powered Photo‐Imaging and X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Yan Jun , Gao Feng , Tian Yongzhi , Li Yan , Gong Weiqiang , Wang Shuangpeng , Zhu Hai , Li Lin
Published: June 2022

Semiconductor heterostructures underpin the design and performance of virtually all modern optoelectronic systems. The clear interface, high crystalline quality, and suitable energy band match lay the foundation for high‐performance heterojunction optoelectronic devices. Here, a facile solution epitaxial growth method is demonstrated for controllably growing CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystal (SC) on the CH3NH3PbCl3 SC, which forms a pn heterojunction with a well‐defined interface and high single‐crystalline quality. The thickness of the epitaxial layer can be finely controlled by adjusting the growth time. Benefiting from excellent built‐in electrical potential at pn heterojunction, the heterojunction detector shows an obvious rectification behavior and high performance in photo‐imaging and X‐ray detection without any power supply, including high responsivity (26.8 mA W−1), fast response time (8/613 µs), and high sensitivity of 868 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 with a record lowest detectable X‐ray dose rate of 15.5 nGyair s−1. Furthermore, it exhibits high‐fidelity UV photo‐imaging capability at zero bias voltage. In addition, the heterojunction detector shows excellent stability by maintaining 99% of the initial responsivity after 120 days without any encapsulation in the atmosphere. This work enables a significant advance in engineering perovskite SC heterojunction for developing novel and functional devices.
Strong In‐Plane Anisotropy and Giant Second Harmonic Generation Response of Organic Single‐Crystalline Microwire Arrays
Authors: Guo Yangwu , Zhao Jinjin , Dong Meiqiu , Yu Ziwei , Fu Yue , Feng Jiangang , Gao Hanfei , Wu Yuchen , Jiang Lei
Published: June 2022

Organic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals play an indispensable role in high‐performance photonic devices due to their large nonlinear coefficient, fast response time, and low dielectric constant. However, in contrast to the strides of bulk crystals, researches on the next generation of nanophotonic devices are ignored to some extent. One of the bottlenecks is the controllable manufacturing and patterning of high‐quality organic NLO crystals with the nanometer‐scale thickness. Herein, a confined assembly method for fabricating the microwire arrays of organic NLO crystal OH1 and DAT2 with precise position, flat morphology, high crystallinity, and consistent crystallographic orientation is reported. Two strong NLO effects observed in the experiments are comprehensively studied, including second harmonic generation (SHG) and two‐photon excited fluorescence. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the anisotropic SHG effect depends on both the polarization of incident light and the crystallographic orientation of microwire arrays. Microwire arrays can exhibit large in‐plane anisotropy with the polarization ratio up to 0.95 and second‐order nonlinear coefficient up to 55.1 pm V−1. This work provides new insights into the potential applications of organic NLO crystals in integrated optical devices.
Aliovalent Dilute Doping and Nano‐Moiré Fringe Advance the Structural Stability and Thermoelectric Performance in β‐Zn4Sb3
Authors: Jen I‐Lun , Wang Kuang‐Kuo , Wu Hsin‐Jay
Published: June 2022

Thermoelectric (TE) generators have come a long way since the first commercial apparatus launched in the 1950s. Since then, the β‐Zn4Sb3 has manifested its potential as a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly TE generator compared with the tellurium‐bearing TE materials. Although the β‐Zn4Sb3 features an intrinsically low thermal conductivity κ, it suffers from a long‐lasting structural instability issue arising from the highly mobile zinc ions. Herein, the dilute Ga dopant gives rise to the aliovalent substitution, lowers the mobile zinc ions, and optimizes the hole carrier concentration nH simultaneously. Meanwhile, the formation of nano‐moiré fringes suggests the modulated distribution of point defect that results from soluble Ga in a β‐Zn4Sb3 lattice, which elicits an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity κL = 0.2 W m−1 K−1 in a (Zn0.992Ga0.008)4Sb3 alloy. Hence, a fully dense β‐Zn4Sb3 incorporated with the dilute Ga doping reveals superior structural stability with a peak zT > 1.4 at 623 K. In this work, the aliovalent dilute doping coupled with phase diagram engineering optimizes the fluxes of moving electrons and charged ions, which stabilizes the single‐phase β‐Zn4Sb3 while boosting the TE performance at the mid‐temperature region. The synergistic strategies endow the ionic crystals with a thermodynamic route, which opens up a new category for high‐performance and thermal robust TE alloys.
On/Off Ultra‐Short Spin Current for Single Pulse Magnetization Reversal in a Magnetic Memory Using VO2 Phase Transition
Authors: Fan Xiaofei , Hehn Michel , Wei Guodong , Malinowski Gregory , Huang Tianxun , Xu Yong , Zhang Boyu , Zhang Wei , Lin Xiaoyang , Zhao Weisheng , Mangin Stéphane
Published: June 2022

Ultrafast magnetization reversal of magnetic thin films induced by one single femtosecond laser light pulse, without any applied magnetic nor electrical field, known as all‐optical switching has become one of the most attractive technologies for prospective ultrafast and low‐energy magnetic devices. A single femtosecond laser pulse switching of a ferromagnet in specific spin valves, driven by electron pulse originating from ultrafast demagnetization of a ferrimagnetic layer, has been recently demonstrated. This opens the way to ultrafast and energy‐efficient writing for magnetic memory. Here, a new functionality is presented through introducing a thin VO2 into the specific spin valve, where a switchable ultra‐short polarized electron pulse by thermally triggering the phase transition of VO2 to dynamically control the switching of the ferromagnet is experimentally achieved. It is demonstrated that the generated ultra‐short electron pulse can be free to pass through the VO2 in its metallic state while it is blocked in its insulating state. Additionally, the change on electrical and optical properties of VO2 during the phase transition leads to various possible magnetic states. On/off ultra‐short spin current controlled by phase transition paves the way to address specific ultra‐fast spintronic devices in large array devices.
Tandem Self‐Powered Flexible Electrochromic Energy Supplier for Sustainable All‐Day Operations
Authors: Huang Jiaming , Ren Zhiwei , Zhang Yaokang , Fong Patrick Wai‐Keung , Chandran Hrisheekesh Thachoth , Liang Qiong , Yao Kuanming , Tang Hua , Xia Hao , Zhang Hengkai , Yu Xinge , Zheng Zijian , Li Gang
Published: June 2022

Self‐powered wearable energy suppliers are highly desirable for next‐generation smart electronic microsystems. However, it is still challenging to achieve an all‐day operating self‐powered energy device via the tandem integration strategy. Herein, a tandem self‐powered flexible energy supplier (SPFES) is proposed to “harvest and store” energy from sunlight (outdoor), dim‐light (indoor), and human body motion. In this novel device design, two flexible transparent electrodes are shared by three functional components: organic photovoltaic, triboelectric nanogenerator, and electrochromic supercapacitor. Interestingly, the SPFES shows distinctive in‐built features including energy indication, self‐modulation, and self‐protection. When compared to mechanically stacked devices, the SPFES avoids unnecessary encapsulation and external connections, resulting in a thinner device with a higher power‐to‐weight ratio (up to 110%). The concept of the SPFES paves an elegant route toward designing multi‐functional flexible energy‐harvest‐storage devices for all‐day operational wearable applications.
Interface Effects in Triazine‐Based g‐C3N4/MAPbI3 Van der Waals Heterojunctions: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Cao Jinguo , Liang Zihui , Li Zuhong , Jin Bowen , Liu Yuxue , Zhu Yongqi , Wang Shimin , Dong Binghai , Wu Congcong
Published: June 2022

2D materials (TDMs) have demonstrated their great potential as functional materials in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to boost conversion efficiency. As a versatile TDM, g‐C3N4 has far less applications in PSCs than in medical science, energy storage, supercapacitors, and catalysis. Is 2D g‐C3N4 naturally incompatible with perovskites limiting their cooperation? Herein, the capacity of two kinds of triazine‐based g‐C3N4 as interfacial modifiers for CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite based on density functional theory is discussed. Due to the existence of two feasible atomically exposed surfaces in MAPbI3 perovskite, denoted as PbI and MAI interfaces, four heterojunction structures are constructed. The interfacial carrier transport kinetics and charge recombination region distribution of the heterojunctions are systematically investigated. The results show that the NPCN/MAI heterojunction facilitates the separation and transport of charges due to its type‐II energy band alignment and smaller charge recombination region. Herein, a promising interface‐modified 2D material for perovskite photoactive layer is introduced and an avenue to reduce the charge recombination loss in PSCs is provided.
Mechanism and kinetic study for the intensification of two‐step synthesis of a dolutegravir intermediate in microreactor
Authors: Xue Xiao , Jiang Rongkun , Xie Chengmin , Qian Guozhi , Shang Minjing , Zhu Weiping , Su Yuanhai
Published: June 2022

Multi‐step reaction processes are frequently encountered in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, separate study on each step however is easily neglected. Herein, we separately investigated two reaction steps for the synthesis of an intermediate (DTG‐6) of an anti‐HIV drug dolutegravir (DTG) in microreactors. The first step (i.e., deprotection of DTG‐4) was optimized to achieve a high DTG‐5 yield (i.e., 96.7%) in the microreactor after the parametric screening on the DTG‐4 concentration, methanesulfonic acid loading, molar ratio of reaction components, and so forth. Reaction kinetics was revealed based on substantial experimental data and mechanism cognition. Validation experiments showed the accuracy of this reaction kinetics. After thoroughly understanding this deprotection step, we combined it with the following annelation step in a cascade microreactor system for the two‐step synthesis of DTG‐6 with a much higher yield even at a remarkably shorter residence time compared with literature reports, thus indicating efficient process intensification.
Polymer/ZIF‐67 composite as an effective and recyclable nanocatalyst for Biginelli reaction
Authors: Houshiar Saman , Rafiee Zahra , Grami Majidreza
Published: June 2022

Owing to their various functionalities and high processability, hybrid materials consisting of polymers and metal–organic frameworks have attracted interest in a variety of applications. In this study, the catalytic application of poly (amic acid) (PAA)/ZIF‐67 nanocomposite in the Biginelli reaction was examined. First, PAA/ZIF‐67 nanocomposite was fabricated and identified by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray, simultaneous thermal analysis, and Brunauer‐Teller techniques. The constructed composite was then utilized in the Biginelli reaction of various aldehydes with urea and ethyl acetoacetate under solvent‐free reaction conditions to afford dihydropyrimidones in high yields. This composite reveals outstanding catalytic activity, reproducible dispersibility, and stability. Also, PAA/ZIF‐67 composite was efficiently recycled several times without a noticeable decrease in activity.
Superior Electrocatalysis Delivered by a Directional Electron Transfer Cascade in Hierarchical CoNi/Ru@C
Authors: Jia Mingpu , Shen Ling , Tian Ge , Córdoba de Torresi Susana I. , Symes Mark D. , Yang Xiao‐Yu
Published: June 2022

Exploiting directional electron transfer cascades could lead to high‐performance electrocatalysts for processes such as the hydrogen evolution reaction, but realising such systems is difficult. Herein, a hierarchical confined material (CoNi/Ru@C) is presented, which provides a suitable spatial junction to enable directional electron transfer, giving superior hydrogen evolution in alkaline water/seawater.
Dynamic event‐triggered distributed interval functional observers for interconnected systems
Authors: Huong Dinh Cong , Trinh Hieu
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we design dynamic event‐triggered interval functional observers (FOs) for interconnected systems comprising subsystems where each subsystem is subject to nonlinearities and output disturbances. Our design method consists of two main steps. First, we design decentralized dynamic event‐triggered mechanisms (ETMs) which use only locally measured output information. We then consider the design of distributed interval FOs by using the newly proposed ETMs. Their existence conditions are established and formulated in terms of linear programming. We also derive a bound on the estimated error vector and show that this bound is the smallest. Thus, this ensures that the unknown linear functional state vector can be estimated within an upper and lower bound of its true value by the designed interval observers. Finally, we apply the obtained results to design dynamic event‐triggered interval observers for linear functions of the state vectors of an ‐machine power system.
Self‐supervised cross validation using data generation structure
Authors: Kenett Ron S. , Gotwalt Chris , Freeman Laura , Deng Xinwei
Published: June 2022

Modern statistics and machine learning typically involve large amounts of data coupled with computationally intensive methods. In a predictive modeling context, one seeks models that achieve high predictive accuracy on new datasets. This is typically implemented by partitioning the data into training and hold‐out data sets. The allocation is often conducted randomly, at the row level of the data matrix. In this work, we discuss an overlooked gap in machine learning and predictive modeling, the role of data structure and data generation process in the partitioning of observational data into training and hold‐out datasets. Ignoring such structures can lead to deficiencies in model generalizability and operationalization. We highlight that explicitly embracing the data generation structure to partition the data for validating predictive model is essential to the success of data science projects. The proposed approach is called befitting cross validation (BCV). It relies on an information quality perspective of analytics. This requires an assessment with inputs from domain experts, in contrast to automated approaches that are purely data driven. BCV is motivated by the objective of generating information quality with data and modeling. Two case studies are illustrating the proposed approach. One is based on a 96‐h burn‐in process applied to electro‐mechanical devices, implemented in order to reduce early failures at the customer site. The goal was to shorten the burn‐in process with a predictive model applied at 20 h. The other case study is combining tablet dissolution profiles and designed mixture experiments. The goal there was to match the tablet under test dissolution profiles with a brand tablet reference profile. These case studies demonstrate the methodological points made with BCV, which are generic in nature. We suggest that BCV principles should be always considered in the development of data‐driven predictive models.
Robust probit linear mixed models for longitudinal binary data
Authors: Lee Kuo‐Jung , Kim Chanmin , Chen Ray‐Bing , Lee Keunbaik
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose Bayesian analysis methods dealing with longitudinal data involving repeated binary outcomes on subjects with dropouts. The proposed Bayesian methods implement probit models with random effects to capture heterogeneity and hypersphere decomposition to model the correlation matrix for serial correlation of repeated responses. We investigate the model robustness against misspecifications of the probit models along with techniques to handle missing data. The parameters of the proposed models are estimated by implementing an Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, and simulations were performed to provide a comparison with other models and validate the choice of prior distributions. The simulations show that when suitable correlation structures are specified, the proposed approach improves estimation of the regression parameters in terms of the mean percent relative error and the mean squared error. Finally, two real data examples are provided to illustrate the proposed approach.
Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promotes tumor growth in estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer via regulation of the mTOR pathway
Authors: Hsu Hui‐Ping , Chu Pei‐Yi , Chang Tsung‐Ming , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Hung Wen‐Chun , Jiang Shih Sheng , Lin Hui‐You , Tsai Hui‐Jen
Published: June 2022

Background

Tumor cells may aberrantly express metabolic enzymes to adapt to their environment for survival and growth. Targeting cancer‐specific metabolic enzymes is a potential therapeutic strategy. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate and links the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Mitochondrial PEPCK (PEPCK‐M), encoded by PCK2, is an isozyme of PEPCK and is distributed in mitochondria. Overexpression of PCK2 has been identified in many human cancers and demonstrated to be important for the survival program initiated upon metabolic stress in cancer cells. We evaluated the expression status of PEPCK‐M and investigated the function of PEPCK‐M in breast cancer.

Methods

We checked the expression status of PEPCK‐M in breast cancer samples by immunohistochemical staining. We knocked down or overexpressed PCK2 in breast cancer cell lines to investigate the function of PEPCK‐M in breast cancer.

Results

PEPCK‐M was highly expressed in estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) breast cancers. Decreased cell proliferation and G0/G1 arrest were induced in ER+ breast cancer cell lines by knockdown of PCK2. PEPCK‐M promoted the activation of mTORC1 downstream signaling molecules and the E2F1 pathways in ER+ breast cancer. In addition, glucose uptake, intracellular glutamine levels, and mTORC1 pathways activation by glucose and glutamine in ER+ breast cancer were attenuated by PCK2 knockdown.

Conclusion

PEPCK‐M promotes proliferation and cell cycle progression in ER+ breast cancer via upregulation of the mTORC1 and E2F1 pathways. PCK2 also regulates nutrient status‐dependent mTORC1 pathway activation in ER+ breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to understand whether PEPCK‐M is a potential therapeutic target for ER+ breast cancer.
Dose‐dependent effect of impaired renal function on all‐cause mortality in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Limpijankit Thosaphol , Chandavimol Mann , Srimahachota Suphot , Kanoksilp Anek , Jianmongkol Poj , Siriyotha Sukanya , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Buddhari Wacin , Sansanayudh Nakarin
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine the risk prediction of various degrees of impaired renal function on all‐cause mortality in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of all‐cause mortality after PCI. However, there are less data of various degrees of impaired renal function to predict those risks.

Methods

This was a subgroup analysis of nationwide PCI registry of 22 045 patients. Patients were classified into six CKD stages according to preprocedure estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (ml/min/1.73 m2): I (≥90), II (60−89), III (30−59), IV (15−29), or V (<15) without or with dialysis. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were compared among patients in each stage. One‐year all‐cause mortality was reported with risk prediction based on CKD stages and other risk factors.

Results

Patients with CKD stage I−V without and with on dialysis were found in 26.9%, 40.8%, 23.2%, 3.9%, 1.5%, and 3.7%, respectively. PCI procedural success and complication rates ranged from 94.0% to 96.2% and 2.8% to 6.1%, respectively. One‐year overall survival among CKD stages I−V was 96.3%, 93.1%, 84.4%, 65.2%, 68.0%, and 69.4%, respectively (p < .001 by log‐rank test). After adjusting covariables, the hazard ratios of all‐cause mortality for CKD stages II−V as compared to stage I by multivariate Cox regression analysis were 1.5, 2.6, 5.3, 5.9, and 7.0, respectively, (p < .001).

Conclusion

Among patients undergoing PCI, lower preprocedure eGFR is associated in a dose‐dependent effect with decreased 1‐year survival. This finding may be useful for risk classification and to guide decision‐making.
A Combined Computational Methodology for the Discovery of Hit Compounds with Putative Insect Repellency Properties
Authors: Kritsi Eftichia , Liggri Panagiota G. V. , Stamati Evgenia C. V. , Tsitsanou Katerina E. , Zographos Spyros E. , Michaelakis Antonios , Papachristos Dimitrios , Zoumpoulakis Panagiotis
Published: June 2022

Mosquitoes and other hematophagous arthropods, the primary vectors of multiple parasites and viruses, are responsible for the transmission of serious diseases to humans. Nowadays, the interest is focused on the development of novel repellents to the existing ones with advanced properties. The present study attempts the discovery of novel hit compounds which may evolve as insect repellents using a combined computational methodology targeting the Odorant Binding Protein 1 (OBP1). The in silico results indicated two compounds, namely coniferyl alcohol and 1,2‐diphenyl‐2‐propanol, which were further evaluated (a) in vitro for their binding affinity to AgamOBP1 and (b) in vivo using dose‐dependent repellence tests against the aggressive‐day biting Aedes albopictus. The combination of in vitro and in vivo results pointed that coniferyl alcohol and 1,2‐diphenyl‐2‐propanol exhibited high binding affinity over OBP1 with 69.4 and 84.7 nM, respectively as well as efficient repellent activity. Compounds were also tested for their dose‐dependent repellency activity in vivo against Aedes albopictus. Overall, the selected compounds can serve as scaffolds for the development of novel repellents.
Simultaneous versus staged major hepatectomy (≥3 liver segments) for outcomes of synchronous colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Jianwei , Xia Yong , Pan Xiaorong , Yan Zhenlin , Zhang Lei , Yang Zhao , Wu Yeye , Xue Hui , Bai Shilei , Shen Feng , Wang Kui
Published: June 2022

Background

Hepatectomy is an effective treatment for synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCLM) patients. However, whether to choose simultaneous hepatectomy (SIH) or staged hepatectomy (STH) is still controversial, especially during major hepatectomy (≥3 liver segments).

Aims

Compare the difference between the SCLM patients underwent SIH and STH, especially during major hepatectomy (≥3 liver segments).

Methods and Results

A meta‐analysis was conducted by analyzing the published data on the outcomes of SCLM patients underwent SIH or STH from January 2010 to December 2020 from the electronic databases. A random‐effects model was used to derive pooled estimates of odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the explored outcomes. Eventually, 18 studies, including 5101 patients, were included this study. The result of meta‐analysis showed that SIH did not increase postoperative complications (pooled OR: 1.037; 95% CI: 0.897–1.200), perioperative mortality (pooled OR: 0.942; 95% CI: 0.552–1.607), 3‐year mortality (pooled OR: 1.090; 95% CI: 0.903–1.316) or 5‐year mortality (pooled OR: 1.077; 95% CI: 0.926–1.253), as compared with STH. Subgroup analysis showed that, simultaneous major hepatectomy (SIMH) also did not increase postoperative complications (pooled OR: 0.863; 95% CI: 0.627–1.188) or perioperative mortality (pooled OR: 0.689; 95% CI: 0.290–1.637) as compared with staged major hepatectomy (STMH).

Conclusion

Postoperative complications, perioperative mortality and long‐term prognosis had no significant difference between SIH and STH for SCLM patients. Besides, postoperative complications and perioperative mortality also had no significant difference between SIMH and STMH.
TrackSOM: Mapping immune response dynamics through clustering of time‐course cytometry data
Authors: Putri Givanna H. , Chung Jonathan , Edwards Davis N. , Marsh‐Wakefield Felix , Koprinska Irena , Dervish Suat , King Nicholas J. C. , Ashhurst Thomas M. , Read Mark N.
Published: June 2022

Mapping the dynamics of immune cell populations over time or disease‐course is key to understanding immunopathogenesis and devising putative interventions. We present TrackSOM, a novel method for delineating cellular populations and tracking their development over a time‐ or disease‐course cytometry datasets. We demonstrate TrackSOM‐enabled elucidation of the immune response to West Nile Virus infection in mice, uncovering heterogeneous subpopulations of immune cells and relating their functional evolution to disease severity. TrackSOM is easy to use, encompasses few parameters, is quick to execute, and enables an integrative and dynamic overview of the immune system kinetics that underlie disease progression and/or resolution.
Roles of osteoclasts in alveolar bone remodeling
Authors: Omi Maiko , Mishina Yuji
Published: June 2022

Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells from hematopoietic origin and are responsible for bone resorption. A balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation is critical to maintain bone homeostasis. The alveolar bone, also called the alveolar process, is the part of the jawbone that holds the teeth and supports oral functions. It differs from other skeletal bones in several aspects: its embryonic cellular origin, the form of ossification, and the presence of teeth and periodontal tissues; hence, understanding the unique characteristic of the alveolar bone remodeling is important to maintain oral homeostasis. Excessive osteoclastic bone resorption is one of the prominent features of bone diseases in the jaw such as periodontitis. Therefore, inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorptive process has been the target of therapeutic intervention. Understanding the mechanisms of osteoclastic bone resorption is critical for the effective treatment of bone diseases in the jaw. In this review, we discuss basic principles of alveolar bone remodeling with a specific focus on the osteoclastic bone resorptive process and its unique functions in the alveolar bone. Lastly, we provide perspectives on osteoclast‐targeted therapies and regenerative approaches associated with bone diseases in the jaw.
DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions
Authors: Balfour Nicholas J. , Castellanos Maria Clara , Goulson Dave , Philippides Andrew , Johnson Chris
Published: June 2022

Despite the importance of pollinating insects to natural environments and agriculture, there have been few attempts to unite the existing plant–pollinator interaction datasets into a single depository using a common format. Accordingly, we have created one of the world's first online, open‐access, and searchable pollinator–plant interaction databases. DoPI (The Database of Pollinator Interactions) was built from a systematic review of the scientific literature and unpublished datasets requested from researchers and organizations. We collated records of interactions between British plant and insect flower–visitor species (or genera), together with associated metadata (date, location, habitat, source publication) when available. The dataset currently (December 2021) contains 101,539 records, detailing over 320,000 interactions. The number of interactions (i.e., the number of times a pairwise species interaction was recorded per occasion) varies considerably among records, averaging 3.6. These include records from 1888 pollinator species and 1241 plant species, totaling >17,000 pairwise species interactions. By combining a large volume of information in a single repository, DoPI can be used to answer fundamental ecological questions on the dynamics of pollination interactions in space and time, as well as applied questions in conservation practice. We hope this dynamic database will be a useful tool not only for researchers, but also for conservationists, funding agencies, governmental departments, beekeepers, agronomists, and gardeners. We request that this paper is cited when using the data in publications and individual studies when appropriate. Researchers and organizations are encouraged to add further data in the future. The database can be accessed at: https://www.dopi.org.uk/.
A Bayesian network‐based probabilistic framework for updating aftershock risk of bridges
Authors: Tubaldi Enrico , Turchetti Francesca , Ozer Ekin , Fayaz Jawad , Gehl Pierre , Galasso Carmine
Published: June 2022

The evaluation of a bridge's structural damage state following a seismic event and the decision on whether or not to open it to traffic under the threat of aftershocks (ASs) can significantly benefit from information about the mainshock (MS) earthquake's intensity at the site, the bridge's structural response, and the resulting damage experienced by critical structural components. This paper illustrates a Bayesian network (BN)‐based probabilistic framework for updating the AS risk of bridges, allowing integration of such information to reduce the uncertainty in evaluating the risk of bridge failure. Specifically, a BN is developed for describing the probabilistic relationship among various random variables (e.g., earthquake‐induced ground‐motion intensity, bridge response parameters, seismic damage, etc.) involved in the seismic damage assessment. This configuration allows users to leverage data observations from seismic stations, structural health monitoring (SHM) sensors and visual inspections (VIs). The framework is applied to a hypothetical bridge in Central Italy exposed to earthquake sequences. The uncertainty reduction in the estimate of the AS damage risk is evaluated by utilising various sources of information. It is shown that the information from accelerometers and VIs can significantly impact bridge damage estimates, thus affecting decision‐making under the threat of future ASs.
A process‐based approach to hominin taxonomy provides new perspectives on hominin speciation
Authors: van Holstein Laura A. , Foley Robert A.
Published: June 2022

A longstanding debate in hominin taxonomy is that between “lumpers” and “splitters.” We argue that both approaches assume an unrealistically static model of speciation. Speciation is an extended process, of which fossils provide a record. Fossils should be interpreted in a more dynamic framework than is the norm. We introduce the process‐based approach (PBA), in which we suggest that “splitters” recognize and name units at an earlier stage of speciation than “lumpers” do. The “determinants” of speciation can control the rate at which population isolates form, or the rate at which these complete the speciation process, or both. Embedded in the PBA, differences between existing lumped and split taxonomies are a heuristic tool to study these processes. We apply the PBA to show that not all hominin populations reached later stages of the speciation process and that populations have a disproportionate likelihood of doing so from ∼3.1 to ∼1.5 Ma. We outline and discuss resulting new research questions.
Mind the Gap(s): Reflective supervision/consultation as a mechanism for addressing implicit bias and reducing our knowledge gaps
Authors: Lingras Katherine A.
Published: June 2022

Mental health‐related professions, like many fields, have begun reexamining common practices and opportunities following the 2020 reawakening to the need for antiracist practices/policies. This push includes encouraging both seasoned professionals and newer trainees to do inward and outward work to increase self‐ and other‐awareness and recognize biases. Often, it is unclear where to begin, and this deeper reflection can bring up uncomfortable realizations about oneself, colleagues, and even broader professions. Doing this deep work is most beneficial when done in a community that can provide support and further challenge. Thus, the practice of reflective supervision/consultation (RSC) is well‐suited for integration of conversations about bias (implicit and explicit) as well as racism/antiracism. The current paper provides background on these concepts, the model of RSC, and specific examples of diversity, equity, and inclusion principles within the infant and early childhood mental health (IECMH) field. Parallels are drawn to existing “key concepts” of reflective supervision to provide examples for integrating conversations about bias into reflective supervision. Finally, specific tools and strategies for use are offered as starting points, with encouragement for supervisors to continue to generate ideas and tools for these important conversations. Next steps and implications for broader practice are also discussed.
Industry Peer Competition and Management Earnings Forecasts
Authors: Chen Lin , Nie Dongfang , Shi Yuan
Published: June 2022

This study examines the effect of industry peer competition on management earnings forecasts in the U.S. product markets. Our probit model estimations show that industry peer competition is positively associated with the likelihood and frequency of quarterly management earnings forecasts. Further, this effect is more pronounced for firms that are leaders in sales and for firms with R&D activities that use voluntary disclosure to reduce information asymmetry. Using a Heckman model, we further find that the likelihood of point forecasts versus range forecasts is negatively associated with industry peer competition, and this effect is more pronounced for firms that are leaders in sales and for firms with R&D activities. These findings suggest that firms with high proprietary costs are less likely to issue precise forecasts.
Hematological relevance of JAK2 V617F and calreticulin mutations in Tunisian patients with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Abdelghani Maroua , Hammami Haifa , Zidi Wiem , Amouri Hassiba , Othmen Hind Ben Hadj , Farrah Ahlem , Menif Samia
Published: June 2022

Background

The genetic investigation of essential thrombocythemia(ET) has highlighted the presence of driver mutations in ET. Janus kinase JAK2V617F and calreticulin(CALR) mutations are the most frequent driver mutations and have significantly improved the molecular diagnosis of ET. The impact of genetic heterogeneity on clinical features has not been fully elucidated.

This is the first study which aimed to determine the frequency of JAK2V617F and CALR exon9 mutations in Tunisian ET patients and to establish the correlation between hematological characteristics and mutational status.

Methods

This study included Tunisian patients suspected with ET and was conducted between September 2017 and March 2021. Genomic DNA of patients was isolated from peripheral blood samples. JAK2V617F was detected by AS‐PCR and CALR mutations were detected by PCR/direct sequencing. Clinical and hematological characteristics were also analyzed.

Results

Two hundred and fifty ET patients were enrolled in this study. JAK2V617F mutation was found in 166/250 (66.4%) of patients, whereas CALR mutations were detected in 27/84 (32.1%) patients without JAK2V617F. Compared with JAK2V617F‐positive patients, those with CALR mutations showed lower hemoglobin level and lower leucocytes count (p = 0.007 and p = 0.004,respectively). CALR type 2 was the most frequent mutation of CALR detected in 55.55% of CALR mutated. Six of seven patients with thrombotic events harbored JAK2V617F mutation.

Conclusion

The prevalence of driver mutations JAK2V617F or CALR mutations was 77.2% in Tunisian ET patients. Moreover, patients with JAK2 V617F mutation had a higher risk of thrombosis. The mutational status is necessary to improve the diagnosis and contribute to the therapeutic decisions.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0043688 serves as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA‐145‐5p to promote the progression of Keloids via Fibroblast growth factor‐2
Authors: Liu Ye , Wang Xin , Ni Ziqiao , Li Yinqiu , Song Jiaqian , Zhu Fei , li Xiaojing
Published: June 2022

Background

Keloids are benign fibroproliferative skin tumors. Circular RNA (circRNA) hsa_circ_0043688 has been exhibited to the freakishly expressed in keloid tissues. Here, we aimed to investigate the regulatory network of hsa_circ_0043688 in the pathological process of keloid.

Methods

Hsa_circ_0043688, microRNA‐145‐5p (miR‐145‐5p), and Fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF2) level were detected using RT‐qPCR. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were investigated using Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assays, respectively. Western blot analysis of protein levels of FGF2, CyclinD1, Collagen I, and Collagen III. After the prediction of Circinteractome and Starbase, their interaction was verified based on a dual‐luciferase reporter and RIP assays.

Results

Increased hsa_circ_0043688 and FGF2, and decreased miR‐145‐5p in keloids samples and fibroblasts were found. Also, hsa_circ_0043688 absence hindered proliferation, invasion, migration, and boost apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts. In mechanism, hsa_circ_0043688 modulated FGF2 content via sponging miR‐145‐5p.

Conclusion

Hsa_circ_0043688 knockdown inhibited cell growth and metastasis of keloid fibroblasts via miR‐145‐5p/FGF2, providing a new mechanism to understand the keloid progression.