bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton Communities’ Seasonal Fluctuation in Two Neighboring Tropical High-Mountain Lakes
Authors: Fernández Rocío , Alcocer Javier , Oseguera Luis A. , Zuñiga-Ramos Catriona A. , Vilaclara Gloria
Published: October 2024

High-mountain lakes (HMLs) are remote, extreme, and sensitive ecosystems recognized as sentinels of global change. Lakes El Sol and La Luna are very close to each other inside the crater of the Nevado de Toluca volcano, but they differ morphometrically and limnologically. This study aimed to identify the seasonal fluctuation of the phytoplankton communities of these two tropical HMLs. El Sol phytoplankton comprised 50 taxa (chlorophytes, diatoms, charophytes) and La Luna 28 taxa (diatoms, euglenoids). The abundance of phytoplankton in El Sol was three times higher than in La Luna, and the biomass in El Sol was five times higher than in La Luna. Tropical seasonality was reflected differently in each lake. In El Sol, the highest phytoplankton abundance occurred in the rainy season, while the highest biomass was recorded in the dry/warm season. Conversely, in La Luna, abundance and biomass were more prominent in the dry/cold season. The study found that no meteorological or limnological factors could explain the seasonal dynamics of the taxonomic richness, abundance, or biomass of the phytoplankton communities in both lakes. The differences between the lakes are likely due to the more extreme conditions of La Luna, such as lower pH, ultra-oligotrophy, and increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Additionally, the introduction of rainbow trout into El Sol in the 1950s may have also contributed to the differences.
Wood Anatomical and Demographic Similarities Between Self-Standing Liana and Tree Seedlings in Tropical Dry Forests of Colombia
Authors: Puentes-Marín Juliana , González-Melo Andrés , Salgado-Negret Beatriz , González-M Roy , Abad Ferrer Julio , Benavides Juan Pablo , Cely Juan Manuel , Idárraga-Piedrahita Álvaro , Moreno Esteban , Pizano Camila , Pulido Nancy , Rivera Katherine , Rojas-Bautista Felipe , Solorzano Juan Felipe , Umaña María Natalia
Published: October 2024

Canopy lianas differ considerably from trees in terms of wood anatomical structure, and they are suggested to have a demographic advantage—faster growth and higher survival—than trees. However, it remains unclear whether these anatomical and demographic differences persist at the seedling stage, when most liana species are self-standing and, consequently, might be ecologically similar to trees. We assessed how self-standing liana and tree seedlings differ in relation to wood anatomy, growth, and survival. We measured 12 wood traits and monitored seedling growth and survival over one year for 10 self-supporting liana and 10 tree seedling species from three tropical dry forests in Colombia. Liana and tree seedlings exhibited similar survival rates and wood anatomies for traits related to water storage and mechanical support. Yet, for traits associated with water transport, liana seedlings showed greater variability in vessel lumen size, while tree seedlings had higher vessel density. Also, the liana relative growth rate was significantly higher than for trees. These results indicate that, while self-supporting liana and tree seedlings are anatomically similar in terms of mechanical support and water storage—likely contributing to their similar survival rates—liana seedlings have a growth advantage, possibly due to more efficient water transport. These findings suggest that the well-documented anatomical and demographic differences between adult lianas and trees may depend on the liana’s developmental stage, with more efficient water transport emerging as a key trait from early stages.
Simulation and Evaluation of Spring Maize Growth Under Drip Irrigation with Fully Biodegradable Film Mulching Based on the DSSAT Model
Authors: Jia Yanhui , Shi Haibin , Miao Qingfeng , Sun Xiulu , Feng Yayang
Published: October 2024

Fully biodegradable mulch film enhances temperature and moisture retention during the early stages of maize growth while naturally degrading in the later stages, providing an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional plastic mulch films. However, there is no consensus on its impact on maize growth and yield. The present study utilized field test data from spring maize covered with fully biodegradable mulch film in the Xiliaohe Plain, aiming to improve the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model while focusing on soil temperature, irrigation, rainfall, and evapotranspiration. The parameters of the DSSAT model were calibrated and validated using field test data from 2016 to 2018. The improved DSSAT model accurately simulated the maize growth process under various induction periods of fully biodegradable mulch film. The simulation accuracy of this model was as follows: MRE < 10%, nRMSE < 12%, and R2 ≥ 0.80. Moreover, the yield of spring corn covered with fully biodegradable mulch film was predicted using meteorological data from 2019 to 2023. This study suggests that regions such as the Xiliaohe Plain, which share climatic conditions, should opt for fully biodegradable mulch film with an induction period of approximately 80 days to ensure high yields across different hydrological years.
Wild Lathyrus—A Treasure of Novel Diversity
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Balech Rind , Barpete Surendra , Gupta Priyanka , Bouhlal Outmane , Tawkaz Sawsan , Kaul Smita , Tripathi Kuldeep , Amri Ahmed , Maalouf Fouad , Gupta Sanjeev , Kumar Shiv
Published: October 2024

Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a climate-smart legume crop with adaptation to fragile agroecosystems. The genus Lathyrus is recognized for its vast genetic diversity, encompassing over 160 species, many of which are cultivated for various purposes across different regions of the world. Among these, Lathyrus sativus is widely cultivated as food, feed, and fodder in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) regions. Its global cultivation has declined substantially due to the stigma posed by the presence of neurotoxin β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) in its seeds and green foliage. Overconsumption for a longer period of grasspea seeds harvested from landraces may lead to a neurological disorder called neurolathyrism in humans. ODAP is an obstacle for grasspea expansion, but crop wild relatives (CWRs) have been found to offer a solution. The incorporation of CWRs, particularly Lathyrus cicera, and landraces into breeding programs may reduce the ODAP content in grasspea varieties to a safer level. Recent advances in genomics-assisted breeding have expanded the potential for utilizing challenging CWRs to develop grasspea varieties that combine ultra-low ODAP levels with improved yield, stability, and adaptability. Further progress in omics technologies—such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—along with genome sequencing and editing, has greatly accelerated the development of grasspea varieties with reduced or zero ODAP content, while also enhancing the plant’s agronomic value. This review highlights the significance of utilizing CWRs in pre-breeding programs, and harnessing advanced tools and technologies to enhance the performance, adaptability, and resilience of grasspea in response to changing environmental conditions.
Prediction Model of Corrosion Rate for Oil and Gas Pipelines Based on Knowledge Graph and Neural Network
Authors: Xie Ruohan , Fan Zheng , Hao Xinyu , Luo Weibin , Li Yaoxiang , Zhao Yuntian , Han Jie
Published: October 2024

Aiming to solve the problems of high cost and large error, a prediction model of oil and gas pipeline corrosion rate was established by using a knowledge graph and neural network. The knowledge map of oil and gas pipeline corrosion was constructed by the seven-step method and the fusion of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory, and Conditional Random Fields models (BERT-Bi LSTM-CRF) combined extraction, and the triplet information was stored by the Neo4j graph database. With eight factors, such as carbon dioxide content, as input signals, three kinds of neural networks were used to screen the basic prediction model, and the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) were used to optimize and compare. The results show that the extraction accuracy of BERT-Bi LSTM-CRF is 94.46%, the recall rate is 90.39%, and the F1 value is 92.38%. The optimized PSO-BP model has the best effect, and the coefficient of determination in the training stage and the test stage is as high as 0.9954 and 0.9935, and the total mean square error of the sample is reduced by 92.8% compared with that before optimization. The corrosion rate model proposed in this paper ensures the safe operation of oil and gas pipelines and offers a theoretical foundation for corrosion prediction.
Numerical Simulation and Model Test on Pressure Fluctuation and Structural Characteristics of Lightweight Axial Flow Pump
Authors: Shi Wei , Xie Bin , Ni Chun , Yu Xianlei , Chai Yao , Shi Lijian
Published: October 2024

In order to explore the relationship between the hydraulic performance, pressure pulsation, and structural characteristics of lightweight axial flow pumps, this paper takes the axial flow pump as the research object and analyzes pressure pulsation and structural characteristics by changing the blade length and thickness to realize the lightweight design of the axial flow pump impeller. Compared with the initial scheme (Scheme 1), the mass of the impeller is reduced by 17.2% (Scheme 2) and 29.9% (Scheme 3), respectively. The lightweight axial flow pump (Scheme 2 and Scheme 3) has a lower pressure pulsation amplitude at the impeller outlet monitoring point under large flow conditions. After the lightweight design of the axial flow pump impeller, the blade becomes shorter, the mass becomes lighter, and the cavitation performance will become worse. The maximum equivalent stress of Scheme 2 and Scheme 3 is increased by 2.8% and 31.9%, respectively, compared to Scheme 1. The maximum deformation of Scheme 3 increased by 27% compared to Scheme 1. This research can provide guidance for the lightweight optimization design of the axial flow pump.
Investigation of a Hydrophobic Sputtered Cu Electrode to Electrocatalyze CO2 Towards a C2+ Product: The Effect of Substrate and Catalyst Thickness
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Mao Xiaoyu , Peng Yaqi , Zhang Wei , Ye Qiulin , Yang Yan , Yu Fengping , Ma Yan , Wu Angjian , Qi Zhifu
Published: October 2024

The overuse of fossil fuels has resulted in massive CO2 emissions, causing global environmental problems. Renewable energy-driven electrocatalysis, which can convert CO2 into fuels and chemicals, is considered an emerging technology for carbon resource recycling. Cu-based catalysts sputtered on hydrophobic carbon paper and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane were comparatively investigated, while the effect of the thickness of the Cu sputtering layer on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction performance was investigated. Additionally, the effect of substrate properties on the distribution and morphology of sputtered Cu metal was investigated by SEM and XRD. With carbon paper as the substrate, the highest FEC2+ achieved was 70% at 200 mA/cm2, while the maximum value of FEC2+ on the Cu/PTFE electrode was realized with a Cu thickness of 400 nm (72%). Additionally, the PTFE substrate demonstrated a better inhibiting effect on HER, with a lower FEH2 and high FEC2+ over different applied current densities.
Numerical Simulation of CBM Seepage Characteristics Based on Fracture Network Images
Authors: Li Wenbin , Zhu Yongjian , Luo Yafei , Wei Mingxing , Wang Xizhi
Published: October 2024

The natural fracture network within the coal body serves as the main pathway for gas migration, with its geometric characteristics significantly impacting coalbed methane flow. In order to enhance the numerical model for simulating coalbed methane flow based on fracture network images, we define porosity and permeability functions for these images and improve upon existing methods. By employing a pixel probability decomposition algorithm, we establish a geometric model of a rough discrete fracture network, which is imported into COMSOL Multiphysics to build a numerical model of gas flow. We analyze the impact of different fracture structures on coal seam permeability and find that gas primarily flows through interconnected fractures at much higher velocities compared to matrix pores. Furthermore, we observe that fracture network permeability increases with increasing porosity (0.0635–0.164), fractal dimension (1.571–1.755), maximum fracture branch length (0.0111–0.0249 m), and connectivity (0.808–2.789). Conversely, it decreases with an increasing fracture dip angle (1.61–88.39°) and tortuosity fractal dimension (1.0018–1.0195). Our simulation method based on fracture network imaging provides a simple yet feasible approach to simulate gas extraction while accurately capturing various stages in the extraction process, including the temporal and spatial evolution of gas velocity and pressure as well as differences between fractures and the coal matrix.
The Savior Narrative: A Comparative Study of the Messiah in Early Judaism and Maitreya in Buddhism
Authors: Wang Hao , Fang Bingxing
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the savior narratives of the Messiah in early Judaism and Maitreya in Buddhism focusing on the structural and thematic similarities between the two savior figures. Through an analysis of the Hebrew Bible, Talmud, and Buddhist texts such as Ārya Maitreya-Vyākaranam (The Prophecy of the Superior Maitreya) and Anāgata-vaṃsa (The History of the Future), the study examines four key elements of these narratives: the bestowal of the savior’s divine identity, the tribulations of the end times, the fulfillment of the savior’s mission and the role of “virtuous individuals” in redemption. The research highlights how both saviors are portrayed as future redeemers tasked with guiding humanity to redemption, while also emphasizing the moral requirements for believers in both religions. Specifically, the analysis reveals a “dual-redemption paradigm”, wherein both the savior’s mission and the moral actions of followers are essential to achieving redemption. The study also examines the balance between the divine and secular aspects within the narrative structure, illustrating how historical figures have manipulated these narratives for political and social gains. This research aims to deepen the understanding of savior traditions in Judaism and Buddhism, foster inter-religious dialogue, and contribute to comparative religious philosophy.
Flexor Digitorum Longus Transfer in Chronic Plantar Plate Tears: Two Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Córdoba-Fernández Antonio , Mateos-Carrasco Rocío , García-Gámez Antonio Jesús , Córdoba-Jiménez Victoria Eugenia
Published: October 2024

Background and Clinical Significance: The plantar plate (PP) tear of the second metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) is a common cause of forefoot pain in clinical practice. The PP is the main stabilizing structure of the joint and, together with the collateral ligaments, is the key to maintaining the stability of the MTPJ. Many surgical procedures have been described to repair PP tears. Currently, there is still controversy regarding which is the surgical superior option (direct versus indirect PP repair techniques). Transfer of the flexor digitorum longus tendon to the dorsum of the proximal phalanx is one of the surgical techniques described to treat PP tears associated with MTPJ instability. Case Presentation: We present two cases that developed instability of the second MTPJ secondary to chronic PP tear with symptoms resolved after transfer of the flexor digitorum longus (FDL). Conclusions: Currently, the literature review shows that the procedure seems to be the most consistent surgical option in chronic cases of PP tears.
Acceptance of Digital Discharge Management Interventions Among Patients After Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Peters Simone , Marsall Matthias , Hasenberg Till , Jahre Lisa Maria , Niedergethmann Marco , Teufel Martin , Bäuerle Alexander
Published: October 2024

Bariatric surgery is an effective long-term treatment for severe obesity, but relapse rates remain high. Digital interventions can enhance patient care, yet research on the intention to use digital discharge management interventions is lacking. This study aims to assess the behavioral intention to use digital discharge management interventions after bariatric surgery and to identify differences in sociodemographic and medical characteristics, as well as potential key drivers and barriers. A cross-sectional study with N = 514 patients was conducted using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Mean scores for behavioral intention and predictors were calculated. Group differences were analyzed with independent t-tests and analyses of variance with post hoc tests. Drivers and barriers were assessed through multiple hierarchical regression analysis. The behavioral intention to use digital discharge management interventions was high. Significant predictors included age (β = −0.17, p < 0.001), eHealth literacy (β = 0.10, p = 0.037), internet anxiety (β = −0.15, p = 0.003), and time since bariatric operation (β = −0.13, p = 0.005). The predictors performance expectancy (β = 0.23, p < 0.001), effort expectancy (β = 0.36, p < 0.001), and social influence (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) were significantly positive key factors. These results confirm the need for implementing digital discharge interventions after bariatric surgery, with various drivers and barriers identified for application usage.
Preclinical and Clinical Data on Current Therapeutic Options for Micro- and Macrovascular Abnormalities in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Bakopoulou Konstantina , Kaouri Issa El , Siliogka Elina , Siliogkas Periklis , Shumnalieva Russka , Velikova Tsvetelina
Published: October 2024

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) represents a multidimensional disease affecting various organs and systems, with the common denominator being the vascular pathology encountered in the micro- and macrocirculation of SSc patients. Recently, much progress has been made toward understanding the molecular basis of endothelial injury and subsequent fibroblast activation, thus paving the way for specific therapy that can target and counteract these processes. Aim: In this review, we examined the latest preclinical and clinical data on therapeutic options to address vascular abnormalities in SSc. Results: We discuss the efficacy of current treatments, including pharmacological agents and emerging therapies, in mitigating vascular damage and improving patient outcomes based on preclinical models and clinical trials that offer evidence of their safety and effectiveness. Conclusions: Although promising therapeutic strategies emerge, optimizing the management of vascular abnormalities in SSc requires further research.
The Last Democratic Election
Authors: Samuels Albert L.
Published: October 2024

Despite leading a violent insurrection to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election, dozens of pending felony counts against him, and massive civil fines leveled against him, Donald Trump is poised to not only be the Republican presidential nominee in 2024; but rather, he stands a very plausible chance of being re-elected. This is true, despite the increasingly authoritarian tone of his rhetoric of late and concrete plans that he and those allied with him have openly espoused that, if implemented, will fundamentally dismember the tenets of American democracy. Yet, many Americans appear to be “sleepwalking toward dictatorship”. This essay argues that Donald Trump represents a singularly unique, existential threat to American democracy and outlines specifically how a second Trump administration will destroy American democracy as we have previously known it.
The Role of Strategic Partnerships and Digital Transformation in Enhancing Supply Chain Agility and Performance
Authors: Mutambik Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

In times of disruption, a company’s ability to manage its supply chain effectively can determine its success or failure. This paper explores the extent to which strategic partnership development, mediated by digital transformation, enhances supply chain effectiveness during such periods. A mixed methods approach was used, involving surveys and interviews with professionals from the Saudi Arabian manufacturing sector. The study’s findings reveal that digital transformation and strategic partnerships work synergistically together to enhance supply chain resilience and effectiveness, resulting in improved operational agility and adaptability. Four key enablers of supply chain digital transformation were identified: inter-business coordination, leadership, technological culture, and recruitment management. These insights contribute significantly to our understanding of how businesses can build resilient supply chains in uncertain environments.
Four New Families of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Within the Order Glomerales
Authors: da Silva Gladstone Alves , de Assis Daniele Magna Azevedo , Sieverding Ewald , Oehl Fritz
Published: October 2024

Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, and also considering morphological characters, four new families are separated from the family Glomeraceae within the order Glomerales and the class Glomeromycetes. The revised family Glomeraceae comprises only four genera: the type genus Glomus, Complexispora, Sclerocarpum and Simiglomus. Septoglomeraceae fam. nov. comprises, besides Septoglomus, Funneliformis, Funneliglomus, Blaszkowskia and Viscospora. Sclerocystaceae fam. nov. is represented by the type genus Sclerocystis but also by Halonatospora, Oehlia, Parvocarpum, Rhizoglomus and Silvaspora. Kamienskiaceae fam. nov. encompasses Kamienskia, Microkamienskia and Epigeocarpum. Finally, Dominikiaceae fam. nov. includes the genera Dominikia, Macrodominikia gen. nov., Microdominikia, Nanoglomus and Orientoglomus. The genera Oehlia and Halonatospora form two other clades well separated from Silvaspora, Sclerocystis and Rhizoglomus and might represent two further families within Glomerales. This deeper separation is, in our opinion, fully supported by molecular phylogeny, but in view of the low numbers of taxa, the separation is not yet proposed at this stage of research progress.
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Municipal Waste on Energy Incineration Technology for Power Generation Using Life Cycle Assessment Methodology
Authors: Luo Yiting , Ye Mingqiang , Zhou Yihui , Su Rongkui , Huang Shunhong , Wang Hangqing , Dai Xiangrong
Published: October 2024

The life cycle assessment methodology is a comprehensive environmental impact evaluation approach rooted in the “cradle-to-grave” concept. This study takes a municipal solid waste incineration power plant in central China as an example to comprehensively explore the potential ecological and environmental impacts of municipal solid waste incineration power generation through life cycle assessment methods. Burning one ton of waste can recover 7342 joules of thermal energy. Compared with traditional landfill, incineration can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about 30%, with a potential global warming impact of −0.69 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent. Amongst environmental impacts, land, freshwater, and marine ecosystems possess the greatest potential toxicity, followed by the harmful effects on human health and the influence of ozone-producing photochemical pollution. Lastly, there comes terrestrial acidification, whereas other types of effects can be relatively disregarded in comparison. In the process of waste incineration power generation, the potential impacts of global warming, ionizing radiation, and fossil resource scarcity are less than zero, indicating that this is an environmentally friendly process. In response to the above-mentioned environmental impacts, it is necessary to pay attention to improving incineration efficiency, optimizing leachate treatment, reducing coal use, and controlling acidic gas emissions in the process of urban solid waste incineration power generation. This research offers insights into advancing environmentally sustainable technologies for utilizing waste as an energy resource.
Development of an Improved Thiosulfate-Utilizing Denitrifying Bacteria-Based Ecotoxicity Test with High Detection Sensitivity and Reproducibility
Authors: Eom Heonseop
Published: October 2024

Microorganism-based ecotoxicity assessment has been widely used as a reliable tool showing direct biochemical impacts of contaminants on ecosystems and the environment. The present study aimed at developing a thiosulfate-utilizing denitrifying bacteria (TUDB)-based ecotoxicity test with high detection sensitivity and favorable reproducibility. To achieve this goal, existing TUDB toxicity tests were improved by employing a pure culture of Thiobacillus thioparus ATCC 8158 and optimizing test conditions, particularly in terms of inoculated microbial biomass, incubating temperature, and operational pH. From control tests, it was found that 4 h is a sufficient processing time for TUDB test kits. As a result of optimization, 20 mg VSS/L of initial bacterial biomass, 25 °C of incubating temperature, and 6 of operational pH were determined as the most favorable test conditions, providing enhanced detection sensitivity and reproducibility. Under these optimal test conditions, I conducted toxicity tests for diverse toxic metals and obtained 0.65 ± 0.03, 1.09 ± 0.04, 1.21 ± 0.07, 0.13 ± 0.01, 0.56 ± 0.04, 1.42 ± 0.03, 0.98 ± 0.02, and 2.12 ± 0.05 mg/L of 4 h EC50 values for Ag+, As3+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+, respectively. These EC50 values are substantially lower than those from earlier TUDB tests, demonstrating the high detection sensitivity of the current TUDB tests. Moreover, the present TUDB tests attained very low coefficient of variation (CV) values (1.6–6.3%) for the EC50, showing favorable reproducibility of the test methodology. In addition, the current TUDB toxicity tests offer numerous advantages for ecotoxicity assessment, including versatility for diverse test samples, no requirement for advanced equipment, and no distortion of end-point measurement. These refinements render the TUDB tests a favorable ecotoxicity assessment with enhanced sensitivity and reproducibility.
Using Four Machine Learning Methods to Analyze the Association Between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Visual Impairment in American Adults: Evidence from NHANES
Authors: Zang Xiaowei , Zhou Wei , Zhang Hengguo , Zang Xiaodong
Published: October 2024

The causes of visual impairment are complex and may be influenced by exposure to environmental pollutants. Using data from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we examined the association between exposure to ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and vision problems in 1149 U.S. adults. We employed various supervised learning methods, including variable selection techniques such as Lasso and elastic net, weighted quantile sum regression (WQS), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), to assess the association between PAHs and the occurrence of visual impairments. The mediation effects between urinary 2-fluorene and inflammation were evaluated using mediation analysis. Both the lasso and elastic net models consistently identified two specific PAH congeners, 2-fluorene and 1-phenanthrene, as significant predictors. The WQS regression revealed a positive relationship between the PAH mixture and visual impairment, with notable contributions from urinary 2-fluorene (weight = 0.39) and 9-fluorene (weight = 0.21). BKMR analysis indicated that the likelihood of visual impairment increases with higher PAH exposure, showing a general upward trend. This trend also revealed a positive association between visual impairment and exposure to four specific PAH metabolites, including 2-fluorene. A significant mediation effect was observed for alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.03), with a proportion mediated of 10.48%. Our findings suggest a significant association between PAHs and visual impairment, with multiple statistical models consistently emphasizing the crucial role of 2-fluorene exposure. This study highlights the importance of considering environmental pollutants as significant contributors to visual health outcomes, providing insights for preventing visual impairment.
Rice Husk as a Sustainable Amendment for Heavy Metal Immobilization in Contaminated Soils: A Pathway to Environmental Remediation
Authors: Cecire Riccardo , Diana Aleandro , Giacomino Agnese , Abollino Ornella , Inaudi Paolo , Favilli Laura , Bertinetti Stefano , Cavalera Simone , Celi Luisella , Malandrino Mery
Published: October 2024

Rice husk is a waste byproduct of rice production. This material has a moderate cost and is readily available, representing 20–22% of the biomass produced by rice cultivation. This study focused on the properties of rice husk in the remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals. The effect of particle size, pH, and the presence of organic ligands on sorption efficiency was evaluated for Cd, Cu, and Mn. The continuous flow method was used to select suitable operative conditions and maximize the retention of heavy metals. Subsequently, pot experiments were carried out by growing two broadleaf plants, Lactuca sativa and Spinacia oleracea, in aliquots of soil collected in a Piedmont (Northwest Italy) site heavily contaminated by Cu, Cr, and Ni. Rice husk was added to the contaminated soil to evaluate its effectiveness in immobilizing heavy metals. The availability of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in soil was studied using Tessier’s sequential extraction protocol. The content of the elements was also analyzed in plants and the uptake of heavy metals was evaluated in relation to the addition of rice husk. The growth of both plants was more efficient in the presence of rice husk due to its ability to reduce the mobility of heavy metals in the soil. The simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and scalability of its employment make the use of rice husk suitable for practical applications in soil remediation.
Analytical Challenges in Novel Pentavalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (A, C, Y, W, X)
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Kale Sameer , Phugare Swapnil , Goel Sunil Kumar , Gairola Sunil
Published: October 2024

Multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines are a significant focus for the scientific community in light of the WHO’s mission to defeat meningitidis by 2030. Well-known meningococcal vaccines such as MenAfriVac, Nimenrix, Menveo, and MenQuadfi are licensed in various parts of the world and have been successful. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) qualified MenFive (meningococcal A, C, Y, W, and X) conjugate vaccine, further enhancing the battery of vaccines against meningitis. The antigenic nature of the current and new serogroups, the selection of carrier proteins, and the optimal formulation of these biomolecules are pivotal parameters for determining whether a biological preparation qualifies as a vaccine candidate. Creating appropriate quality control analytical tools for a complex biological formulation is challenging. A scoping review aims to identify the main challenges and gaps in analyzing multivalent vaccines, especially in the case of novel serogroups, such as X, as the limited literature addresses these analytical challenges. In summary, the similarities in polysaccharide backbones between meningococcal serogroups (C, Y, W sharing a sialic acid backbone and A, X sharing a phosphorous backbone) along with various conjugation chemistries (such as CNBr activation, reductive amination, CDAP, CPIP, thioether bond formation, N-hydroxy succinimide activation, and carbodiimide-mediated coupling) resulting into a wide variety of polysaccharide -protein conjugates. The challenge in analyzing carrier proteins used in conjugation (such as diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, CRM diphtheria protein, and recombinant CRM) is assessing their purity (whether they are monomeric or polymeric in nature as well as their polydispersity). Additional analytical challenges include the impact of excipients, potential interference from serogroups, selection and establishment of standards, age-dependent behavior of biomolecules indicated by molecular size distributions, and process-driven variations. This article explains the analytical insights gained (polysaccharide content, free saccharide, free proteins, MSD) during the development of the MenFive vaccine and highlights the crucial gaps and challenges in testing.
Intranasal M2SR and BM2SR Vaccine Viruses Do Not Shed or Transmit in Ferrets
Authors: Hatta Yasuko , Hill-Batorski Lindsay , Moser Michael J. , Marshall David , Boltz David A. , Westfall Landon , Herber Renee , Sarawar Sally , Bilsel Pamuk
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Live influenza vaccines are considered to stimulate better overall immune responses but are associated with safety concerns regarding shedding and the potential for transmission or reassortment with wild-type influenza viruses. Intranasal M2SR and BM2SR (M2- and BM2-deficient single replication), intranasal influenza viruses, have shown promise as broadly cross-reactive next-generation influenza vaccines. The replication deficiency, shedding, and transmissibility of M2SR/BM2SR viruses were evaluated in a ferret model. Methods: Wild-type influenza A and B control viruses replicated in upper respiratory organs and transmitted to both direct and aerosol contact ferrets, whereas M2SR and BM2SR influenza vaccine viruses were not detected in any tissues or in nasal washes after inoculation and were not recovered from any direct or aerosol contact ferrets. Mice were simultaneously infected with wild-type influenza A and M2SR viruses to assess reassortment potential. Sequence and PCR analyses of the genome recovered from individual virus plaques isolated from lung homogenates identified the origin of the segments as exclusively from the replicating wild-type virus. Results: These results indicate that M2SR and BM2SR influenza vaccine viruses are attenuated, do not shed or transmit, and have a low probability for reassortment after coinfection. Absence of shedding was further demonstrated in nasal swabs taken from subjects who were inoculated with H3N2 M2SR in a previously described Phase 1 clinical study. Conclusions: These results indicate that M2SR/BM2SR viruses have the potential to be used in a broader population range than current live influenza vaccines.
Development of a Design Procedure Combining Topological Optimization and a Multibody Environment: Application to a Tram Motor Bogie Frame
Authors: Cascino Alessio , Meli Enrico , Rindi Andrea
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, it is essential to find increasingly rapid and efficient design strategies. This approach becomes crucial in the railway industry, where components must be verified according to multiple reference standards, both structurally and dynamically. In this context, the present research activity aims to develop a fast and effective desin procedure based on European reference standards. The goal was to develop the geometry of a motor bogie frame for a tram vehicle, integrating three fundamental tools for development: finite element simulations and topological structural optimization, a Write Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment, and a multibody environment. Their integration could enhance design accuracy, streamline the traditional design workflow, and support innovation. The optimization process involved the introduction of complex technological constraints, directing the geometry toward production by casting. A tool was developed to automate running dynamics simulations and the output of results for immediate verification of the entire vehicle performance. Finally, the new geometry was tested both structurally and dynamically. The mass was reduced by approximately 7% while ensuring satisfactory mechanical performance. The maximum value of stress was reduced by about 16%. The dynamic performance showed negligible variation, confirming the encouraging outcomes to make this procedure increasingly effective and reliable.
Unidirectional Flow Through Time-Dependent Cross-Sectional Areas of a Compliant Tube and a Valve: A Nonlinear Model
Authors: Manopoulos Christos , Tsangaris Sokrates , Georgantopoulou Christina , Mathioulakis Dimitrios
Published: October 2024

This work investigates the conditions for net flow generation by a straight tube with a cross-sectional area harmonically varying in time that connects two tanks—a problem that is mainly found in the design of impedance pumps. By assuming a quasi-one-dimensional flow and applying continuity and momentum equations, a first-order differential equation with respect to the flow rate is derived and presented for the first time, including a nonlinear term that is responsible for net flow rate generation. Namely, the net flow rate is found to be nonzero (as is the nonlinear term) if the cross-sectional areas of the two tanks are unequal and one of them is smaller than that of the straight tube. In this case, the flow is directed from the smaller to the larger tank and the net flow rate increases with the frequency of the tube’s cross-sectional area variation. In contrast, when the tanks’ cross-sections are equal, the net flow is generated only if a valve is installed, e.g., at one end of the tube, due to the large asymmetries imposed in the hydraulic losses with respect to the tube mid-length. Compared with constant valve opening, the net flow rate is augmented significantly if the valve opening is time-dependent. By employing the same equation, the flow rate of an intra-aortic counter-pulsating balloon pump is also examined, in which the valve (representing the aortic valve) opens during the shrinkage of the tube, and it is shown that the net flow rate increases with the frequency and amplitude of the tube’s cross-sectional area. Conclusively, the harmonic oscillation in time of a tube’s wall can cause unidirectional flow only if asymmetric losses are present with respect to its mid-length.
Active Vibration Control Performance Comparison Based on Middle Pedestal Stiffness Using a Mobility Model and the Narrowband Fx-LMS Technique
Authors: Jeong Anmok , Jung Kyuchul , Park Youngcheol , Heo Junyeong , Lee Hakjun
Published: October 2024

Vibrations generated from equipment mounted on ships radiate into the water and affect covert operation capabilities. Accordingly, various studies are being conducted to reduce vibration transmitted from mounted equipment. In this study, a system consisting of mounting equipment, a 3-axis active mount, a middle pedestal, and a lower mount of the middle pedestal was modeled using a finite element analysis program, and a mobility model was constructed by calculating the frequency response function between the positions required for analysis. The error signal (primary path) obtained using the mobility model and the response at the operating point by the control force of the actuator (secondary path) are applied to the narrowband Fx-LMS algorithm for vibration control, and the control performance was compared. Through coupling analysis of the middle pedestal, the control influence according to the rigidity of the middle pedestal was analyzed. As a result of the control simulation, the time required for vibration control was controlled approximately 6 times faster in the model, with increased stiffness of the middle pedestal, and the vibration reduction performance was predicted to improve by a minimum of 0.9 dB and a maximum of 13.3 dB. Through this study, a simulation model that can provide a guide for the design of the middle pedestal of a ship was obtained, and it is expected that it can be utilized for a preliminary design review before manufacturing the middle pedestal of a ship.
Comparison of Serum Testosterone Levels in Male Wild Boars and Domestic Pigs in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Hiromitsu , Sato Hiroshi , Fukasawa Masashi , Yamaguchi Yasuchika , Kakazu Keisuke , Seto Toshiaki , Tanaka Yuki , Matsumoto Yuichiro
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: The numbers of wild animals in Japan are increasing due to changes in the industrial structure and a decline in the population. Various extermination approaches have been used against animals that are classified as harmful, such as boars. Making effective use of exterminated wild animals will revitalize extermination activities by developing markets as the number of hunters declines. We measured serum testosterone levels to examine the potential value of male wild boars as a meat source and compared them with the testosterone levels in domestic male pigs. Testosterone has an analeptic effect even in small amounts. (2) Methods: Blood testosterone levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence in wild boars and domestic pigs, collected using box traps in Sasebo City. (3) Results: Almost no testosterone was detected in the sera of castrated domestic male pigs, and more testosterone was detected in wild male boars than in pigs. (4) Conclusions: The analysis demonstrated that male wild boars have unique nutritional value compared with domestic pigs.
ANALISIS MENAJEMEN KESELAMATAN PASIEN TERHADAP MUTU PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT X
Authors: Azzahra Siti Khumairah , Girsang Ermi , Nasution Sri Wahyuni
Published: October 2024

The most significant metric in the health care system is patient safety, which is meant to serve as a guide in providing the best possible care and lowering patient occurrences. The study's objective is to examine the impact of patient safety management on the standard of care provided in the inpatient unit at X Hospital. Qualitative research methodology is used. The patient safety team, the nursing committee, and the head of quality improvement and patient safety made up the five informants for the September 2022 study. Through observations and interviews, data was gathered. Collaizzi is used in data analysis to reduce data, show data, and draw conclusions.The research results show that there are five themes, namely that the role of the organization in determining patient safety management has been supported by mentors and experts. This is shown by the results of interviews, namely that there are mandatory, meetings, in-house training, reviews and also adequate human resources. Ensuring that patient safety management is supported by mentors and experts, this is shown by the results of interviews, namely that there are mandatory requirements, meetings, in-house training, reviews and also adequate human resources. It is recommended that hospital management provide training and socialization about patient safety programs on a regular basis, provide sanctions for violating the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures and propose a report form using an online system.
PERBEDAAN HASIL HITUNG BERBAGAI JENIS LEUKOSIT PADA PASIEN COVID-19 YANG ISOLASI MANDIRI DENGAN ISOLASI DI RSUD KABUPATEN MELAWI
Authors: Reza Nur , Santoso Edi , Nuswantoro Ari , Indrawati Ratih , Nurhayati Etiek , Aditia Aditia
Published: October 2024

COVID-19 infection causes various clinical manifestations so the treatment method is also different for each individual. Patient isolation is one of the treatments to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19. Asymptomatic to moderate symptomatic patients are usually asked to self-isolate, while those with severe and critical symptoms are isolated in hospital. Leukocyte examination is an important parameter and plays a role in determining patient follow-up. The aim of this study was to find out whether there were differences in leukocyte differential-counts in COVID-19 patients who were self-isolating and those isolated at Melawi Regional Hospital. This study had a cross-sectional design by taking data from medical records of COVID-19 patients at Melawi Regional Hospital during October 2021 to July 2022. The data taken were from 399 COVID-19 patients, consisting of 182 patients are self-isolating and 217 patients are isolating at Melawi Regional Hospital. In self-isolated patients, the average value of leukocyte count was 7.04 x 10³ cells/µL, and the leukocyte differential-counts was neutrophils 58.45%, lymphocytes 21.81%, monocytes 13.84%, eosinophils 1.52%, and basophils 4.38%. In isolated patients at Melawi Regional Hospital, the average value of leukocyte count was 9.89 x 10³ cells/µL, and the leukocyte differential-counts was neutrophils 75.09%, lymphocytes 12.97%, monocytes 8.38%, eosinophils 0.46%, and basophils 3.11%. The Mann-Whitney U test obtained a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means there is a significant difference in the results of leukocyte counts between self-isolated patients and those isolated at Melawi Regional Hospital.
KORELASI JUMLAH MONOSIT DENGAN KADAR C-REACTIVE PROTEIN PADA PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS
Authors: Nuswantoro Ari , Astuti Fitri Mega , Hartati Fitri Ulya , Aditia Aditia
Published: October 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is still a public health problem throughout the world, including in Indonesia. Monocytes play a role in cellular reactions against MTB bacteria and are considered a marker of active TB spread. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) examination is very useful for diagnosing inflammation or infectious diseases. This study aimed to determine the correlation between monocyte counts and CRP levels in TB patients in North Putussibau. This research was observational analytic with cross-sectional approach and the sampling technique was accidental nonprobability sampling. The sample was TB patients in North Putussibau who were undergoing treatment for 0, 2, and 6 months in 2022, resulting in 36 patients. Monocyte counts were examined using the fluorescence method and CRP levels were examined using the latex agglutination method. At 0 months of treatment, the monocyte count was obtained with an average of 1.096.88cells/µL and average CRP level of 55.13mg/L, at 2 months of treatment the average monocyte count was 742.31 cells/µL and CRP levels were obtained an average of 10.62mg/L, and after 6 months of treatment an average monocyte count was 414.29cells/µL and an average CRP level of 0mg/L. The Kendall's Tau-b test showed a significant value 0.000 (<0.05), which means there was a significant correlation between the number of monocytes and CRP levels in TB patients with a correlation coefficient 0.645 which shows the strength of  strong relationship. This shows that the decrease in the number of monocytes and CRP levels is in line with the length of the TB treatment period.
EDUKASI CARA MENYIKAT GIGI BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI TOUCH YOPICK
Authors: Octaviana Devy , Heriyanto Yonan , Cahyadi Gugum , Laela Dewi Sodja , Setyawan Adhita Arif
Published: October 2024

Information and Communication Technology is an important element in national and state life. Information technology has become the main facility for activities in various sectors of life, which has contributed greatly to fundamental changes in the operational structure and management of education, health and research. An application is a program that is ready to be used which is created to carry out a function for the user in solving problems using of this research is to dig up information on using the Touch YoPick Application, to find out how to brush your teeth using the Touch YoPick Application, to find out how to use the Touch YoPick Application properly. The design used in this research is a sequential exploratory mixed methods design. The first stage with qualitative research was to explore user needs for the YoPick Touch Application. The second stage is the application development stage so that a viable application is produced that meets user needs. Sampling used purposive sampling. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula as 52 people. The results of the Touch YoPick Application make it easier for elementary school students to receive education about how to brush their teeth. It is hoped that the Touch YoPick application can also be used by other elementary schools. Measuring the level of technology readiness can be done using applications that function to develop the role of technology in the current digital era so that students can easily receive information.