bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation of the “Soviet Ideology” in the Discursive Practices of the Russian Government
Authors: Avdonin V. S.
Published: November 2021

The article examines the trajectory of changes in the post-Soviet period in the ideological complex, which was called “Soviet ideology” in the “late” USSR. The theoretical and methodological frame work of the analysis consists of the theory of political regimes, as well as elements of the theory of ideologies and the theory of political discourse. The features and peculiarities of the “Soviet ideology” in the conditions of the “post-totalitarian” political regime in the “late” USSR, which led to its weakening and decline after the collapse of the Soviet regime, are investigated. Under the conditions of the post-Soviet political regime in Russia, the “Soviet ideology” disintegrated into an ideological component (the basis of the ideology of post-Soviet communist parties) and a political-cultural component (the pattern of post-Soviet political culture). Both components created a specific problem of relations with these phenomena for the ruling power. The study of the discourse of power on the subject of “Soviet ideology” (conducted mainly on the material of speeches and statements of the presidents of the Russian Federation) allowed us to identify three successive discursive strategies of such relations: the strategy of “struggle”, the strategy of “adaptation” and the strategy of “selective use”. The last of them was used in the 2010s in the conditions of consolidation of the authoritarian political regime. It made it possible to selective lyinclude the legacy of “Soviet ideology” in the ideological complex of the ruling regime, which is characterized by the use of not full-fledged political ideologies, but “identitarian narratives” that allow the inclusion of heterogeneous elements of ethno cultural, historical, religious, etc. traditions. Comparative studies also show that the orientation in the ideological sphere to such “identitarian narratives” is a characteristic trend of modern neo-autocracies.
Social Consequences of Economic Reforms: Subjective Perception vs Statistical Data
Authors: Smirnov S. N.
Published: November 2021

The attitude of the Russian population to the economic reforms that began in this country in January 1992 remains ambiguous. While liberals emphasize that the government of the “young reformers” has opened the way to economic freedom, their opponents believe that the social and financial price paid by the population for the transition to the market was too high. The discussions are mainly conducted in the political terms, but rarely in the fields of economic and social analysis. Based on official statistical data, the article attempts to objectively assess to what extent the situation of the early 1990s was inevitable, and to what extent it was the result of economic reforms. The author analyzes the most acute problems from a social point of view, namely the depreciation of pre-reform saving deposits of the population and the deterioration of demographic indicators. The impact of reforms on the labor market is a separate problem that deserves special consideration. Recognizing the inevitability of market reforms, the author considers options for mitigating the severity of the social situation that have not been implemented for various reasons and some of the compensating tools that were adopted by the Russian Government at the initial stage of reforms.
Financial Sector of Russia: 30 Years of High Volatility Inside Global Finance
Authors: Mirkin Ya. M.
Published: November 2021

The article provides a comparative analysis of the financial sector of Russia and other countries in the structure of the global economy; international comparisons are made over 30 years in terms of financial depth, including monetization, “saturation” with loans and securities, inflation, and interest rate. The inadequacy of the size of the financial sector to the size of the Russian economy is shown, the extremely high volatility of financial variables is analyzed (using the example of the exchange rate and changes in the institutional network (banks and non-bank financial institutions)). The model of the financial sector is revealed (excessive role of the state, overconcentration in the markets and among financial institutions, oligopolization, “monetary desertification” of regions, excessive administrative costs, focus on capital export). Shown is the “pro-crisis” nature of the financial sector in Russia (1– 2 crises in 10–15 years). The complete correspondence of the parameters of the financial sector of Russia to other developing economies is demonstrated (the fourth – seventh dozen countries in terms of financial depth). It is shown that the parameters of financial development, as a rule, are worse than the groups of countries with lower middle income (according to the international classification). The analysis of the Russian economic model made it possible to show the cause-and-effect relationships between it and the financial sector model, their interdependence. Four scenarios of the economic future (“besieged fortress”, “frozen economy”, “Spanish”, “growth economy”) are given, with estimates of their probability, and on this basis the corresponding scenarios for the future development of the Russian financial sector. The scenario of the “growth economy” based on the change in the model of the economy in Russia, the policy of “financial afterburner” and the formation of a new model of the financial sector in Russia is more fully disclosed.
The Post-Soviet Space and Turkey: The Results of 30 Years
Authors: Avatkov V. A.
Published: November 2021

The article scrutinizes the main results of the 30-year independent existence of the former Soviet republics under the conditions of modern political realities and the formation of a polycentric system of international relations, where regional states such as Turkey begin to exert an increasing influence on the ongoing processes. Based on the results of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that since the collapse of the Soviet Union, two trends have developed in the post-Soviet space: integration and disintegration. e main task of the Republic of Turkey in the post-Soviet region is to set the pro-Turkish model of integration of key Turkic states and to create the so-called “Turkic world” – a new subsystem of international relations under its auspices. In order to implement these plans, Ankara pursues three main goals in the post-Soviet space: to replace the “Turkic” with the “Turkish”; secondly, to bring loyal elites to power in the partner countries; and to concentrate the movement of resources within the framework of the “hub” ideology. Meanwhile, during its interaction with the former USSR countries Turkey has passed or is still passing through several stages: the “era of hope”, the “step-by-step era” and the “era of Turkish-centric integration”, which continues up to the present time and is expressed in exerting a significant influence on the Turkic actors.
The Fostering Small Business Entrepreneurship in Tanzania
Authors: Mtuka Ditrick Dismas
Published: November 2021

Small Business Entrepreneurship has been seen as a hub in generating income for the majority of urban dwellers with no formal paid employment. In Tanzania, entry into small business entrepreneurship is usually not seen as a problem. One can start small business at any time and in any place. However, the development of this informal sector has been profoundly characterized by two parallel phenomena which are perhaps contradictory in character. This has led to the proliferation and mushrooming of small businesses most of which are in the form of petty trading, generally everywhere in the urban centres. Drawing on research findings, the present paper challenges the possibility of reducing poverty in Tanzania using the strategy of developing the small business entrepreneurship under the situation where there is an increasing level of petty crime and bureaucratic hurdles. It is argued and indeed, concluded that if the present intricate and controversial situation surrounding small business is not reversed, if not brought to rest, the development is on slippery slope. The option suggested to tame the conundrum includes, developing discourse portfolio between small traders and bureaucratic authority and authorities formulating policies that can promote development of small business entrepreneurship.
Vorlesungen über Friedrich Nietzsche (1888) – Aristokratischer Radicalismus (1889/1890) - Dänisch-deutsche Parallelausgabe
Authors: Brandes Georg
Published: November 2021

Georg Brandes, einflussreicher dänischer Literaturhistoriker, Kritiker und Biograf, hält eine öffentliche Vorlesungsreihe über Nietzsche, während dieser noch lebt und wirkt. Nachdem er jahrelang totgeschwiegen worden war, teilt Nietzsche dies begeistert seinen Freunden mit. Brandes hat seine Vorlesungen später um- und ausgearbeitet und 1889 auf Dänisch, 1890 auf Deutsch publiziert. Schon in seinem Briefwechsel mit Nietzsche 1887 verwendet Brandes den Begriff «aristokratischer Radicalismus».

Die Forschung hat bisher nur die Fassung der Aufsätze gekannt. Die fünf Vorlesungen – bisher nie gedruckt – werden hier zum ersten Mal nach den Originalmanuskripten ediert und kommentiert. Die Gliederung ist völlig anders und der Tenor viel unmittelbarer als in den Aufsätzen. Die Ausgabe ist durchgehend zweisprachig (dänisch – deutsch) und wird in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft für Dänische Sprache und Literatur veröffentlicht.
Hochsensibilität - Phänomenologische und ethische Überlegungen
Authors: Fenner Dagmar
Published: November 2021

Groß ist die Fülle an Ratgeberliteratur für Hochsensible. Was bislang fehlte, ist eine philosophische und kulturkritische Beleuchtung des Phänomens. Das Buch liefert zum einen eine phänomenologische Beschreibung der verschiedenen Dimensionen der Lebensrealität hochsensibler Personen, die durch autobiographische Erfahrungen der selbst hochsensiblen Autorin Authentizität erlangt. Zum anderen werden zentrale ethische Fragestellungen reflektiert: Können Hochsensible überhaupt glücklich werden in einer lauten und hektischen Welt, in der ein flexibler, belastbarer und wettbewerbsfähiger Mensch als Norm gilt? Müssen sie sich an die modernen Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen anpassen, oder sollten nicht umgekehrt diese aus Gründen der Gerechtigkeit umgestaltet werden – wodurch sie vermutlich für alle menschenwürdiger wären?
Das Buch gibt Anstöße zur Reflexion über das eigene Leben und gesellschaftliche Wertmaßstäbe.
 
«...eine gut lesbare multiperspektivische Analyse des Phänomens der Hochsensibilität, die herausfordert zu einer dringend notwendigen Debatte der bislang vernachlässigten sozialethischen Dimension des gesellschaftlichen Umgangs mit Andersheit.» (Prof. em. Dr. Annemarie Pieper)
Das Weltbild der Igel - Naturethik einmal anders
Authors: Krebs Angelika
Published: November 2021

Wie wichtig Natur für menschliches Glück ist, als Ort der Freude am Leben oder zumindest der Zuflucht, ist zuletzt vielen von uns aufgegangen. Trotzdem hat Landschaft bisher keine Lobby. Dieses unkonventionelle Buch tritt für die Schönheit der Natur ein. Es argumentiert gegen die Dominanz der anthropozentrisch-rechnenden Weltbemeisterung und für eine «ästhetische Ökozentrik». Unkonventionell ist das Buch aber auch deshalb, weil es die philosophische Arbeit an Begriff und Argument mit literarischen Passagen von grosser Leuchtkraft verbindet. Diese Passagen stammen aus Peter Kurzecks Roman Vorabend. Alle fünf Kapitel: zum Leid der Igel, zur bedrohten Schönheit und Heiligkeit der Natur, zu ihrem Wert als Heimat und zu unserem besinnungslos zerstörerischen Konsum werden ausgehend von einer solchen Passage entfaltet. Denn es braucht die Literatur in der Naturethik.
Die Welt in einem Ton - Gespräche über eine fremde Musik
Authors: Gutzwiller Andreas , Wegmann Christoph
Published: November 2021

Unsere Ohren sind kulturell vorgeprägt. Wer sich darauf einlässt, sie für andere Formen der Musik zu öffnen, wird unbekannte musikalische Welten entdecken.
Dieses Buch widmet sich der Musik für die japanische Flöte Shakuhachi. Enthalten sind Gespräche mit dem professionellen Shakuhachi-Spieler Andreas Gutzwiller – mit dem Mann, der die Shakuhachi nach Europa gebracht und als Lehrer, Referent und Bühnenkünstler bekannt gemacht hat. Im Fokus stehen in erster Linie das Instrument Shakuhachi mit seiner verworrenen Geschichte, seiner ausserordentlichen Musik und der eigenen Lehrmethode. Der Blick weitet sich aber immer wieder auf grössere kulturgeschichtliche Konstellationen, auf musikalische und soziale Zeitbilder, auf ästhetische Phänomene und auf andere Künste, Künstlerinnen und Künstler. In einer Kommentarspalte werden wichtige Begriffe und Namen erläutert.
La vie pastorale, chemin d'évangélisation - Les Bara et la Bible en dialogue, perspective pastorale dans le diocèse d’Ihosy à Madagascar
Authors: Razafitsimialona Luc Olivier
Published: November 2021

Cet ouvrage rapporte le dialogue entre les Bara de Madagascar et la Bible sur le thème pastoral. Il montre que le monde pastoral est un lieu de rencontre avec Dieu et de connaissance de Dieu. En effet, les nombreux animaux dans la Bible, comme les troupeaux de bœufs chez les Bara, participent à la découverte de l’image de Dieu. Exploitant le lien entre animaux, êtres humains et Dieu, l’auteur entreprend une riche relecture de l’histoire du salut dans l’Écriture, afin de découvrir le vrai visage des personnages bibliques par des métaphores animales. Mais au-delà de la métaphore, la remise en chantier du monde divin, humain et animal montre qu’il existe une complémentarité entre eux et qu’ils se définissent les uns par rapport aux autres.
Ce dialogue rappelle que chaque culture possède des valeurs permettant d’interpréter le message biblique. En effet, chez les Bara, il existe des valeurs propices à l’accueil de l’Évangile, des manières de penser aidant à comprendre le message biblique, des gestes et des vocabulaires de respect qui peuvent être intégrés dans la vie liturgique. Mais comme toute culture, la culture bara a aussi des pratiques qui ne sont pas compatibles avec l’Évangile. Celles-ci doivent être purifiées par l’Évangile. Ce livre, avec le cas du diocèse d’Ihosy, pays bara, confirme que le monde pastoral est un chemin d’évangélisation.
Structural Interpretation of Seismic Data of Mishrif Formation in East Abu-Amoud Field, South-eastern Iraq
Authors: Al-Aaraji Mohammed H. , Karim Hussein H.
Published: November 2021

The seismic method depends on the nature of the reflected waves from the interfaces between layers, which in turn depends on the density and velocity of the layer, and this is called acoustic impedance. The seismic sections of the East Abu-Amoud field that is located in Missan Province, south-eastern Iraq, were studied and interpreted for updating the structural picture of the major Mishrif Formation for the reservoir in the Abu-amoud field. The Mishrif Formation is rich in petroleum in this area, with an area covering about 820 km2. The seismic interpretation of this study was carried out utilizing the software of Petrel-2017. The horizon was calibrated and defined on the seismic section with well-logs data (well tops, check shot, sonic logs, and density logs) in the interpretations process for identifying the upper and lower boundaries of Mishrif Formation. As well, mapping of two-way time and depth structural maps was carried out, to aid in understanding the lateral and vertical variations and to show the formation of the structural surfaces. The study found that Mishrif thickness increases toward the east, which means that it increases from the Abu-Amoud field in Nasiriyah towards the East Abu-Amoud field in Missan province.       The aim of the study is to draw a high-resolution structural image of the East Abu Amoud field in southeast Iraq and to show the types of the existing faults and structures in the study area.
Occurrence of Point Mutations in gyrA and parC Genes of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Infections
Authors: Abdulameer Hajer H. , Abdulhassan Ghusoon A.
Published: November 2021

The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is a worldwide problem. Due to the importance of P. aeruginosa as a multidrug resistant bacterium, this study aimed, through molecular techniques, to detect point mutations in chromosomal genes responsible for the quinolones class of antibiotics resistance. A total of 52 isolates from burn infections were identified using specific primers for P. aeruginosa 16S rDNA. Ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were estimated using the agar dilution assay. DNA sequences of the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC were determined for detecting the mutations found in these genes and the relations among the isolates by constructing phylogenetic trees. The results revealed that only 43 (82.7%) of isolates were P. aeruginosa, of which 31 (72.06%) were resistant to different concentrations of ciprofloxacin, ranging between 4 and >32 µg/ml. Twenty six isolates were selected for sequencing, including sensitive, intermediately resistant, and highly resistant to ciprofloxacin. The ciprofloxacin sensitive isolates did not exert any amino acid alterations in gyrA or parC genes; however, a single intermediately resistant isolate had a single mutation at each gene. Of the total resistant isolates (20), 6 isolates had no mutations at different MIC levels, While 14 isolates had Thr-83-Ile substitution in gyrA and Ser-87-Leu substitution in parC, only five isolates had a second mutation, namely Asp-87-Asn, in gyrA. The  phylogenetic analysis of the studied groups showed divergence from the P. aeruginosa PAO1 and PAO1OR reference strains due to increased mutations and polymorphisms in studied isolates. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa occurrence was increased in burn infections and the fluoroquinolones in current use are not as effective as before; the main resistance mechanism in local clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa is mutations, where the main target of fluoroquinolones is gyrA gene.
Jepang dan Indonesia dalam Perspektif Humaniora
Authors: Putri Darni Enzimar
Published: November 2021

Prosiding ini merupakan dokumentasi dari artikel hasil penelitian yang telah dipresentasikan dan didiskusikan di dalam seminar nasional yang diadakan oleh Jurusan Sastra Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Andalas Padang, pada tanggal 7 November 2018. Tema yang diangkat pada seminar ini adalah “Jepang dan Indonesia dalam Perspektif Humaniora”.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ТЕОРІЙ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ ТА ЧИННИКИ ЙОГО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ
Authors: Rudevska Viktoria
Published: November 2021

У статті досліджено наукові підходи до визначення сутності економічного зростання. У процесі аналізу виявлено, що в науковому середовищі існує плюралізм у трактуванні економічного зростання та відсутнє чітке розмежування понять «економічне зростання» та «економічний розвиток». Розглянуто історичний розвиток теорій економічного зростання, що свідчить про підвищення ролі економічного зростання в процесі формування сучасних концепцій розвитку держави. У дослідженні обґрунтовано авторське трактування економічного зростання як пріоритетної цілі держави. Наведено дослідження наукових підходів до визначення чинників оцінювання економічного зростання та акцентовано на різність трактувань в економічній науковій літературі. Важливо, що економічне зростання може бути як позитивним, так і негативним. Сформовано головні принципи та типи економічного зростання.Розгляд еволюції теорій економічного зростання показав адаптацію різних підходів до інноваційних змін в економіці.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN SYARIAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING UMKM KERUPUK DESA TLASIH TULANGAN SIDOARJO
Authors: Anastasia Mahilda , Oktafia Renny
Published: November 2021

Strategi pemasaran dapat dipandang sebagai salah satu dasar yang dipakai dalam menyusun perencanaan sebuah perusahaan atau pabrik secara menyeluruh. Dalam kegiatan pemasaran sering kali menjumpai orang yang curang dan terjadi penipuan, tetapi jika kita menerapkan sistem Islam dalam pemasaran maka hal-hal seperti itu tidak akan terjadi. Pada dasarnya, bagi umat Islam Nabi Muhammad SAW telah mengajarkan kita bagaimana sistem pemasaran Islami. Namun, karena masyarakat telah bertumpu pada sistem pemasaran konvensional, maka sistem pemasaran syariah kurang dikenal. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mendapat gambaran mengenai strategi pemasaran untuk meningkatkan daya saing, dan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif pelaksanaan strategi pemasaran yang telah dilakukan. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif, penelitian ini dilakukan di UMKM Kerupuk Desa Tlasih. Teknik pengumpulan datanya dengan dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil dari analisis efektifitas strategi pemasaran menunjukkan adanya peningkatan penjualan dari bulan ke bulan dan pernah mengalami penurunan penjualan hal ini dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan efektifitas strategi pemasaran dalam persaingan antar pabrik kerupuk.
Bioactive compounds in garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a source of antioxidants
and its potential to improve the immune system: a review
Authors: Subroto E. , Cahyana Y. , Tensiska  , Mahani  , Filianty F. , Lembong E. , Wulandari E. , Kurniati D. , Saputra R.A. , Faturachman F.
Published: November 2021

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a type of spice derived from layered tubers, widely used as a
source of flavour, taste, and cooking spices. Garlic is a therapeutic ingredient rich in
bioactive compounds and antioxidants. The purpose of compiling this review is to provide
information about bioactive compounds in garlic as a source of bioactive compounds and
their potential to improve the immune system. This review also discussed the various
effects of garlic processing on the stability and activity of bioactive compounds and the
changes that occur during storage. Garlic contains high levels of organosulfur compounds,
micronutrient selenium (Se), and flavonoids. The bioactive compounds in garlic are
generally extracted using ethanol as a solvent. Food processing treatments such as boiling,
frying, and others can have a positive impact on the organosulfur compounds.
Organosulfur levels correlate with changes in antioxidant capacity and activity. The
bioactive compounds of garlic can potentially boost the immune system or act as
immunostimulants.
Opening Doors. Guiding teachers to intentionally facilitate science for young children.
Authors:   , Freeman Sola
Published: November 2021

Research has acknowledged the limited range of scientific opportunities for young children in New Zealand early childhood education (ECE) services. The identified reasons include a lack of confidence by ECE teachers, their narrow understanding of science, and their pedagogical approaches to teaching. A complex and non-prescriptive curriculum and dominance of developmental theories in ECE has resulted in science learning via osmosis through a process of a hands-off play-based philosophy of practice. Many have argued for pedagogical approaches that can accommodate scientific learning within a play-based sociocultural-historical setting (e.g., Broström, 2015; Fleer & Pramling, 2015; Kumar & Whyte, 2018). This study investigated the things that influence the occurrence of scientific experiences in ECE. It explored how participating in collaborative action research (CAR) and the involvement of a critical friend influences scientific experiences in centres.

This study involved two phases: a national survey and CAR with teaching teams in six centres. The researcher took on the role of a critical friend through the CAR process, guiding teachers to critically examine their practice and their centre programme. Action plans were achieved collaboratively within each teaching team. Data was collected over 12 weeks in each centre through focus groups, reflective journals, observations, field notes, and through two research hui with participating teachers from all centres.

The findings highlighted the importance of the teachers recognising and fostering children’s scientific experiences. It found that science was enabled in a variety of ECE settings by a shift in teachers’ pedagogical practices, adjustments to centre environments, and recognising and responding to children’s interests. Teachers enabled rich, authentic, and meaningful scientific interactions with children by their active participation in supporting and extending children’s science interests with intentional teaching practices and provocations.

This thesis argues for the value of CAR and the role of a critical friend to facilitate teachers’ motivation, engagement, learning and reflection on practice. Seeking a change in practice through professional learning and CAR, brought about ownership of their goals and action plans, and the eventual shifts in teachers’ pedagogy of practice.

The shift towards intentional teaching practices, provocations, and opening doors to knowledge, validated and forefronted the importance of the teachers’ role and emphasised their value in noticing, recognising, and responding to children’s scientific interests in authentic and meaningful ways.
The Electrical Conductivity of Some Hydrous and Anhydrous Molten Silicates as a Function of Temperature and Pressure
Authors:   , Satherley John
Published: November 2021

This thesis is concerned with the measurement and interpretation of electrical conductivity in molten silicates. Physicochemical properties and structural models of silica and silicates are reviewed first, to give a general picture of their behaviour. Electrical conductivity was measured as a function of temperature, pressure and water composition. To make these measurements an internally heated pressure vessel, designed to operate at temperatures up to 1200 degrees C and pressures up to 5 kbars was constructed. Conductivity measurements were made on the following anhydrous and hydrous silicate melts: SiO2/Na2O 60/40, 65/35, 75/25, 78/22 mol%; SiO2/Na2O/CaO 72/24/4 mol%; Mt. Erebus lava; SiO2/Na2O 78/22 mol% + ~5 wt% H2O and Mt. Erebus lava + ~4 wt% H2O in the temperature range 850-1000 degrees C and the pressure range 0-1.3 kbar. Arrhenius temperature and pressure dependencies on conductivity were observed. The pressure coefficient of conductivity was zero for the anhydrous melts well above Tg but small and positive for the hydrous silicates. Water caused ~40% reduction in conductivity when added to a melt which was accounted for in terms of the mixed alkali effect. Conductivity isobars for the hydrous silicates passed through a maximum as a function of increasing temperature. The conductivity behaviour as a function of temperature and pressure is analogous to that observed in partially ionised liquids and is intrepretated in an identical way. The range of operation of a piezoelectric alpha-quartz crystal viscometer was extended to allow measurement of viscosity as a function of temperature.
Studies of Strained Ring Systems: Cyclopropa[1]Phenanthrenes
Authors:   , Dent Barry Roy
Published: November 2021

The aim of the present study has been the synthesis of 1H-cyclo-Propa[1]phenanthrene (16a) and its derivatives, the sole remaining unknown structural type of the cycloproparenes. Established procedures for cycloproparene synthesis are not readily adaptable to this ring system, and routes based upon new bridge-head-substituted 1a,9b-dihydrocyclopropa[1]phenanthrenes are examined. 1, 1-Dichloro-1a-phenylseleno-1a, 9b-dihydrocyclopropa [1] phenanthrene (73) is prepared by the addition of dichlorocarbene to the corresponding phenanthrenyl selenide (72). syn-Selenoxide elimination of PhSeOH from the derived selenoxide (74) gives 1,1-dichloro-1H-cyclopropa[1]phenanthrene (76) which is intercepted by methanolysis. Labelling studies provide convincing evidence for the intermediacy of the 1H-cycloproparene. The viability of an oxidative decarboxylation route to 1,1-dialkyl-1H-cyclopropa[1]phenanthrenes is investigated for the model compound 7,7-dimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (122). A product of formal cyclopropyl-allyl cation rearrangement, is isolated. 1a-Methylseleno-1a,9b-dihydrocyclopropa[1]phenanthrenes (174) is prepared by the unprecedented addition of methylselenide anion to 1aH-cyclopropa[1]phenanthrene (63) (generated by a new route involving the fluoride ion-promoted elimination of the elements of chlorotrimethylsilane from the isomeric 1-chloro-1a-trimethylsilyl-1a, 9b-dihydrocyclopropa[1]phenanthrenes (170) and (171)). Treatment of the drived dimethylselenonium tetra-fluoroborate (179) with base in the presence of furan gives the endo- and exo-furan cycloadducts (180) and (181) of 1H-cyclopropa[1]phenanthrene (16a). The results presented herein provide the first conclusive evidence for the existence of the 1H-cyclopropa[1]phenanthrene ring system, both as the parent hydrocarbon (16a) and the 1,1-dichloro-derivative(76).
DUPLICATE DO NOT PUBLISH - The Procreative Powers of the Wind: a Study of the Concept of Wind Impregnation According to Graeco-Roman and Other Traditions
Authors:   , Blayney Janis Rowan
Published: November 2021

The central topic of this thesis is the concept of wind impregnation (Motif T524 Conception from wind) as found in Greek and Roman thought and life. It is suggested that the concept exists in a variety of forms, distinguished by the six different animate beings with which the wind is linked, namely, mares, hens, tigers, vultures, sheep, and (mythical or legendary) women. The nature, development and transmission of these six traditions are discussed : it is demonstrated that all six traditions concerned persist beyond the fall of the Roman empire, with three continuing in existence until the seventeenth century; and that four out of the six traditions provide evidence of a concurrent oral tradition. In an effort to counteract the suggestion that the Graeco-Roman concept of wind impregnation is to be attributed to a lack of understanding of the prerequisites for procreation on the part of the ancients, the various theories of conception proposed by Greek and Roman scholars in the period from the early fifth century BC to the late second century AD are examined. This survey demonstrates that the ancients in fact took a considerable interest in, and had a detailed knowledge of the process of conception. The thesis concludes that there is no one explanation for the existence of the ancient concept, of wind impregnation; rather, it is to be attributed to the combination of a number of factors, most notably, the nature of the individual winds, and ancient attitudes towards them; the ancient connection of wind and soul; the nature of the animals with which the wind is linked, and the associations of those winds for the ancients.
The Procreative Powers of the Wind: a Study of the Concept of Wind Impregnation According to Graeco-Roman and Other Traditions
Authors:   , Blayney Janis Rowan
Published: November 2021

The central topic of this thesis is the concept of wind impregnation (Motif T524 Conception from wind) as found in Greek and Roman thought and life. It is suggested that the concept exists in a variety of forms, distinguished by the six different animate beings with which the wind is linked, namely, mares, hens, tigers, vultures, sheep, and (mythical or legendary) women. The nature, development and transmission of these six traditions are discussed : it is demonstrated that all six traditions concerned persist beyond the fall of the Roman empire, with three continuing in existence until the seventeenth century; and that four out of the six traditions provide evidence of a concurrent oral tradition. In an effort to counteract the suggestion that the Graeco-Roman concept of wind impregnation is to be attributed to a lack of understanding of the prerequisites for procreation on the part of the ancients, the various theories of conception proposed by Greek and Roman scholars in the period from the early fifth century BC to the late second century AD are examined. This survey demonstrates that the ancients in fact took a considerable interest in, and had a detailed knowledge of the process of conception. The thesis concludes that there is no one explanation for the existence of the ancient concept, of wind impregnation; rather, it is to be attributed to the combination of a number of factors, most notably, the nature of the individual winds, and ancient attitudes towards them; the ancient connection of wind and soul; the nature of the animals with which the wind is linked, and the associations of those winds for the ancients.
DUPLICATE DO NOT PUBLISH - N M R Studies of Coal
Authors:   , Davenport Sally Jane
Published: November 2021

Carbon-13 CP/MAS NMR was used to study a selection of fifty-seven New Zealand coals and ten Australian coals. The coal rank varied from lignite to semianthracite. A qualitative survey of the plant origins of NMR signals was followed by an EPR study of the unpaired spin-species in coal. The quantitative reliability of the NMR response of coal was analysed in relaxation and "visibility" studies. Different approaches to the problem of accounting for intensity in spinning-side-band (SSB) signals were assessed. The most successful approach was found to be the complete computer simulation of the spectrum from combinations of SSB intensity patterns broadened by a mixture of Lorentzian and Gaussian lineshapes. This method of analysis produced oxygen contents that showed a good correlation with oxygen contents (by difference) from Ultimate analysis. The resultant carbon, hydrogen and oxygen functional group analyses allowed considerable insight into the depositional influences on, and alteration of, the coal structure with increasing degree of coalification.
DUPLICATE DO NOT PUBLISH - Analysis of Loop Programs Using Generalization
Authors:   , Colman Glenn
Published: November 2021

This thesis describes a symbolic execution system, PAN, that is able to symbolically execute loops. PAN achieves this by generalizing the effect of a few loop iterations to predict the effect of an unknown number of iterations. PAN operates on relatively unstructured loops that include 'go to' type constructs, allowing multiple exits from a loop. PAN uses a two stage generalization approach using techniques developed in Artificial Intelligence systems. The first stage uses models of expected loop effects and requires only limited search to generalize the effect of simple loops The second stage uses a less constrained approach that can generalize the effects of more complex loops by using extensive search. Fundamental to PAN's generalization method is the sequence. These are identified using models and used in both stages of the generalization process.
Analysis of Loop Programs Using Generalization
Authors:   , Colman Glenn
Published: November 2021

This thesis describes a symbolic execution system, PAN, that is able to symbolically execute loops. PAN achieves this by generalizing the effect of a few loop iterations to predict the effect of an unknown number of iterations. PAN operates on relatively unstructured loops that include 'go to' type constructs, allowing multiple exits from a loop. PAN uses a two stage generalization approach using techniques developed in Artificial Intelligence systems. The first stage uses models of expected loop effects and requires only limited search to generalize the effect of simple loops The second stage uses a less constrained approach that can generalize the effects of more complex loops by using extensive search. Fundamental to PAN's generalization method is the sequence. These are identified using models and used in both stages of the generalization process.
Demographic and Psychological Factors and Preparation for Earthquakes
Authors:   , Spittal Matthew John
Published: November 2021

New Zealand, like many countries, is at risk from a number of natural disasters including flooding, volcanoes, and earthquakes. The risk of exposure to such disasters over the course of a lifetime is substantial (Norris, 1992). Despite this, many New Zealanders are unprepared for the consequences of a natural disaster; nearly a quarter of New Zealand homes have flaws which could see them seriously damaged or detached from their foundations in a major earthquake (Ansell & Taber, 1996). Recent research suggests that psychological variables contribute to people's lack of preparation for natural disasters. A limitation, however, of much of this research has been the lack of attention paid to the psychometric quality of the instruments used to measure key constructs. The present investigation aimed to examine the relationships between different dimensions of personality and earthquake preparation in a large sample of Wellington residents using psychometrically sound measures. Measures of locus of control, risk, and earthquake preparation were first evaluated in a series of studies using both university students and Wellington residents. These questionnaires were then administered, along with items pertaining to the construct of unrealistic optimism, to a total of 358 Wellington residents. The results showed that locus of control, risk precaution, home ownership, and length of residence were significant predictors of earthquake preparation. Moreover, people exhibited evidence of unrealistic optimism, as demonstrated by both a belief that they were better prepared for a major earthquake than an acquaintance, or other Wellingtonians, and by a belief that they were personally less likely than others to suffer injury in a major earthquake. The implications of these results for emergency managers are discussed and several recommendations are made.
An Exploratory Investigation into the Farm Credit Market in New Zealand
Authors:   , Stanbridge R J
Published: November 2021

An increasing interest in the finance of farming in New Zealand has emerged in recent years. This is a result of three major developments: (i) the increasing reliance of the farm sector on external sources of finance. For instance, debt per farm has been increasing at an annual compound rate of 12% between 1963 and 1970; (ii) the effect of recent economic phenomena, such as falling product prices and a high rate of internal inflation, which have highlighted the question of a farm debt "burden"; (iii) the increasing sophistication of the New Zealand economy. This has offered the community alternative investment opportunities and has raised the question of availability of finance for farmers to sustain and increase their production.
Educational Utopia? the New Zealand Standards Approach Considered in the Light of the German Experience in Vocational Training
Authors:   , Kappert Peter
Published: November 2021

This thesis is concerned with both the direction and the appropriateness of the recently adopted standards-based approach in post-compulsory education and training in New Zealand, while particularly focusing on the implications this might have in formal post-school trades training. It evaluates the developments, the tenets, and the early results of the 'standards' movement within a socio-historical context and against the development of relevant policy formations and legislative changes. The central focus in this work is on the National Qualifications Framework, which is currently being developed under the auspices of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority. This outcomes-focussed model, and related government-initiatives, represent a radial shift away from established learning and teaching practices in New Zealand, a move which is not uncontested for both pedagogical and pragmatical reasons. An analysis of these developments is discussed with reference to those in apprenticeship training and policy in the Federal Republic of Germany, which includes the intention, as expressed by the major role players in the Republic, to develop an educational framework model. The principles, scope, and structure, as they relate to these framework models, are analysed from a comparative perspective, and certain points are highlighted. This thesis contends that despite fundamental divergence in training cultures and systems in the two countries, it is recognised that the common aim of the framework approaches is to improve the correspondence between the world of education and work as well as to enhance the educational pathways for students. This, it is argued, are commendable and valuable aims; not in the least because it has also the potential to bridge the 'vocational/academic' divide - an increasingly invalid division in modern-day societies. This is reflected in a strong focus in these framework models on the promotion, and implementation, of an integrated learning and teaching approach which is supported by the notion introduced by Michael Young that qualifying is a continuous process. This concept is now generally endorsed by the major role players in both Germany and New Zealand as being an important one, in that it is supportive of the macro aim of furthering national economic progress. The author, however, contends that educational, progress cannot simply be assumed because a new educational, or qualifications, framework is being introduced. Its foundation needs to be pedagogically sound and based on sufficient research while an (over)reliance on a single assessment strategy for application to all of post-compulsory education and training cannot be accepted as valid from an educational viewpoint. The thesis concludes with advocacy for more critical research into the NQF.
Starting Childcare Before Three: Narratives of Experience From a Tri-Partite Focus
Authors:   , Dalli Carmen
Published: November 2021

This thesis explores the event of starting childcare as experienced by five under-three year old children, their mothers and at least one teacher in the childcare centre attended by each child. Narrative accounts of the adults' experiences were gathered through journal records kept by the mothers and the teachers, and during two semi-structured interviews. The children's experiences were recorded through non-participant observation fieldnotes and video-taped records of three events during each orientation visit by the children and their mothers to the childcare centre, and once weekly for the following six weeks. Narratives of experiences were re-constructed from these data using a combination of methods from grounded theory, narrative enquiry and deconstuctivist analysis. The tri-partite focus of this thesis reveals the experience of starting childcare as an emotional one for all participants, not just for children; it argues that the traditional research focus on the emotional significance of this event for children is an incomplete one. Additionally, starting childcare was an experience of induction: through processes of social canalization and guided participation, the mothers and the children were inducted into the ways of the childcare centre by the teachers and the established children in the centre. Deconstuctivist analyses of the adult participants' narrative accounts suggested that both mothers and teachers defined their roles in the children's experience of starting childcare, and their relationships with each other and with the children, against the background of dominant discourses about motherhood and early childhood teaching. For teachers this meant that they expressed their role as subsidiary to that of the mother. The paradox emerged that while teachers saw themselves as less powerful than the mothers in influencing the children's starting childcare experience, the observational data revealed that the teachers' actions determined the way children were 'canalized' into the expected ways of relating to them. Theoretical statements emerged from this study which point to new directions for how the event of starting childcare may be conceptualised in the context of shared care between home adults and early childhood teachers. Implications for enhancing the experience of starting childcare are highlighted.
Precocious Readers: Case Studies of Spontaneous Learning, Self-Regulation and Social Support in the Early Years
Authors:   , Margrain Valerie Gail
Published: November 2021

This thesis reports 11 case studies of 4-year-old children with precocious reading ability in New Zealand. Precocious readers are an important cohort of learners because they "are able to read fluently and with understanding at an unusually young age before attending school and without having received any direct instruction in reading" (Stainthorp & Hughes, 2004, p. 107). The range in the children's ages was 4:01 to 4:10. Three perspectives informed the study: social constructivism, cognitive constructivism and the bioecological perspective. The mixed-method case studies included observations of children in early childhood centres and schools, interviews with parents and teachers, a range of standardised assessments, and the collection of a range of children's writing and art. Four of the children were tracked as they transitioned to school on their fifth birthday. The case studies illustrate four key findings. Firstly, exceptional early reading abilities of precocious readers are validated. Secondly, the role of adults in supporting the children is shown to be necessary but not sufficient to create precocious reading ability. Thirdly, the case studies illustrate the complexity of learning. Finally, parent, teacher and peer expectations for the children and responses to their special abilities are reported. The data support three types of learning: socially supported, self-regulative and "spontaneous". Spontaneous learning experiences were described by parents as occurring when their children learned without having been taught, and without deliberate metacognitive self-teaching. Theoretical links can be made to other studies that consider "implicit", "induced", "intrinsic", "unconscious" and "non-conscious' learning. Results of literacy assessments, using the Neale Analysis of Reading and the Burt Word Reading Test include reading abilities 7:0 to 12:0 years, comprehension in the range 6:03 to 8:03, and fluency between 7 and more than 13 years. Receptive language ability was more varied, with percentiles ranging from 58 to 99. The children were highly motivated and passionate readers. They persisted with tasks and enjoyed challenge and competition. Learning dispositions of this particular group of children are discussed within the framework of Te WhÃ riki, New Zealand's early childhood curriculum. The children capitalised on a range of support and resources. Computers were a common factor mentioned as an important influence on literacy. Parents and grandparents provided positive support for the children, but the children and families experienced social negativity. Beyond the family, there was strong pressure on the children to conform and act "like a 4-year old". Many early childhood and school teachers had expectations of the children's potential that were significantly lower than their ability. The study suggests that the cognitive needs of young children with advanced academic abilities are not being met due to this social pressure on children to "normalise".
Secondary Schools in the New Zealand Social Order, 1840-1903
Authors:   , McLaren Ian Andrew
Published: November 2021

The New Zealand pioneer, like the North American frontiersman, has become to many New Zealanders a romanticized symbol rather than a real person struggling to adapt to a strange and often frightening environment. 'As ye sow so shall ye reap' was for the pioneer farmer an injunction to be taken literally. After exhausting his resources in buying his small-holding the pioneer farmer 'would start on foot and alone...with a heavy swag of tools etc, on his back, to which, on passing the last older settler, would be added the additional burden of a kit of seed potatoes and some rations. With these he would camp down on his future lowly home and would work hard, for long hours on very scanty fare...to hurry in a patch of potatoes, and to make a pig-proof fence round it. He would then beat a retreat to the more settled districts, where he would seek employment until his little crop of potatoes was grown when he would return with a heavier load of rations...and this time he would be able to put in a larger crop and to build a whare, so that the next season he might have the joy of conveying his family to the scene of their future expectations. But it was hand work, and there were many privations to undergo for the first few years....'