bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of GA3 and PGPRs on growth and antioxidant content of Parijoto (Medinilla verrucosa) in peat soil
Authors: Sakya A T , Sulandjari  , Purnomo J , Bima D A
Published: April 2022

Climate change is indicated to result in drought on agricultural land. In addition, increasing dryness can also cause changes in soil acidity, and these conditions can affect the growth and content of secondary metabolites of plants. Parijoto (Medinilla veruccosa) has health benefits, including lowering blood glucose levels, inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, and is traditionally believed to increase fertility during pregnancy. GA3 and PGPRs (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) as elicitors are expected to induce and increase the production of phytoalexins and secondary metabolites. This study aimed to obtain the interaction between GA3 and PGPRs to increase the growth and antioxidant content of parijoto in acid soil. The study used a completely randomized design with two factors (GA3 25 ppm; 50 ppm; 75 ppm/plant and PGPR 2.5 g; 5.0 g; 7.5 g/l). In this study, Rowo Pening peat soil media after being given dolomite increased its pH with very high CEC, high Nitrogen, low P, and K. The results showed that the GA3 and PGPRs had no significant effect on growth. There was a positive correlation between plant height, number of leaves, and root volume. The concentration of GA3 75 ppm and PGPRs 2.5 g/l gave higher antioxidant content than other treatments.
The effect of pottery material composition as subsurface irrigation on the growth of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) in Alfisols and Entisol
Authors: Rahayu  , Aktavia H , Rivaldi A S , Komariah
Published: April 2022

Climate change requires the agricultural sector to be more precise in water management. Rainfed lands and irrigated lands with no year-round water supply require an efficient way of using water in the dry season. One of the efforts to utilize irrigation efficiently is to develop subsurface seepage irrigation techniques using pottery. This study aims to determine the composition of the pottery material, the ratio of sand, silt and clay which is optimal for the growth of chilli plants. The experiment was carried out with plots arranged in a nested design with a treatment of five pottery materials with different compositions of clay, soil and sand, and tested on entisol and alfisol soils. The results showed that the pottery irrigation with a combination of pottery material composition on two types of soil affected the weight of chilli fruit. Pottery with a composition of 70% clay and 30% sand is the most effective pottery for chilli and yields on surface growth irrigation.
Growth response of Echinacea purpurea (L) Moench to biochar types and hormone doses
Authors: Prilaningrum Sutanto Oentari , Puji Asmanto Bambang , Yunus Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Purple Cone Flower (Echinacea purpurea) is one of the introduced medicinal plants originating from America which has its native habitat growing in subtropical countries with optimal growth conditions of low temperature and full sun exposure. Problems that occur in climate change between subtropics and tropics, especially in Indonesia will have an impact on the less than optimal growth and development of plants so that it will reduce the production and quality of ekinase yields. One way to improve ekinase can suitable in Indonesia (especially in the lowlands) is by adding biochar as a soil enhancer and hormones. The aims to study the interaction between the addition of biochar and the level of hormone dose on the growth rate of ekinase. The research method used a Split-Plot Completely Randomized Block Design. The results show the interaction between the type of biochar and hormone dose. The best results were shown in the treatment of giving husk charcoal and 6 ml/L hormones of 27.67 cm for plant height and 89.67 cm2 for leaf area. The formation of the highest number of leaves was 26 in the treatment of husk charcoal and hormone 2 ml/L. The best results were wood charcoal and hormone treatment 6 ml/L of 0.1467 for the rate of photosynthesis and 0.02937 for the rate of transpiration. Treatment with a dose of 6 ml/L hormone can optimize the growth rate of ekinase.
Adaptation to climate variability of rainfed farmers in Seluma Regency, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyasari Gita , Prawito P , Yuristia R
Published: April 2022

Farmers are synonymous with poverty because of the great uncertainty about the impact and magnitude of climate variability. Adaptation efforts, in principle, minimize vulnerability to impacts caused by climate variability. This study aims to see the level of adaptation of farmers and the factors that influence it. A randomly selected 100 rainfed farmers survey was conducted in Seluma Regency, Bengkulu, from June to September 2020. The analysis used to measure the level of adaptation was to compare the number of adaptations adopted by farmers with the total adaptation used in this study and to analyze the factors that affect the level of adaptation using multiple regression models. The results showed that rainfed farmers have a low of adaptation to climate variability. Most farmers make adjustments to planting time, replace climate-resistant varieties, and take advantage of government assistance as a form of adaptation to climate variability. The level of adaptation of rainfed farmers to climate variability is influenced by experience, income, and farmer group membership.
Springshed protection planning for combating drought in Grobogan District, Central Java
Authors: Supangat A B , Purwanto  , Hendrayana H , Riyanto H D
Published: April 2022

Drought occurs almost every dry season in Grobogan District, Central Java. Climate change has resulted in an atypical monthly rainfall distribution, which, along with limestone geology, has made water scarce in some months. One of the efforts to mitigate drought disasters is to revitalize water resources from existing springs. The research aims to develop a spring protection plan through a geological-spatial and participatory approach. The research location is in Kradenan Sub-District, Grogoban District, Central Java Province. The research method starts with identifying springs, delineation of springshed area, formulation of spring and springshed management, and discussion and socialization with stakeholders. The identification results show that the springs are classified as “umbul wadon” type with water discharge ranging from 0.9 to 4.8 l/minute, forming a radial pattern. The area of the springshed is 3,347.7 ha, with more than 70% of the land covered by teak forest plantations. The recommendations for spring conservation activities are organized into three zones: Zones I, II, and III, which differ in range radius, function, and proposed management. In each zone and type of land uses, the potential risk of pollution, prohibited activities, protection strategies and programs, and interested parties as program implementers have been formulated. Several official institutions can aid spring protection management. Together with water users and forest area managers, all institutions agreed to carry out activities to protect and conserve springs and springshed areas.
Land conservation: Erosion control for sustainable agriculture (Case study in Ngargoyoso District, Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia)
Authors: Edi Minarno Purwo , Suntoro  , Khomariah
Published: April 2022

Climate change can pose major risks to human health, global food security and economic development. The negative impact is an increase in the rate of erosion in agricultural land areas. Ngargoyoso District, Karanganyar Regency is one of the areas that have a high erosion rate. Land conservation to control the rate of erosion with a community participatory approach is carried out to realize sustainable agricultural land. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of erosion hazard in Ngargoyoso District. This research is in the form of a case study, using direct data collection methods (surveys) and laboratory tests. Analysis of the data on the level of erosion hazard (TBE) using the USLE calculation approach. The research variables were rainfall erodibility, soil erodibility, slope length and slope, crop management, and land management. The results showed that in the District of Ngargoyo: 1) areas with a very heavy level of erosion hazard covering an area of 500.66 hectares spread over Kemuning Village, Ngargoyoso Village and Nglegok Village; 2) Agricultural activities greatly affect the level of erosion hazard in the study area
Local climate change indications: Historical trends, multi-model projections and implications in Bilate Catchment, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gisha Kuma Hailu , Fufa Feyessa Fekadu , Adugna Demissie Tamene
Published: April 2022

Climate change is a major factor affecting hydrologic processes, water resources and agricultural productions in a catchment. This study aimed to evaluate the historical trends, future climate changes, characteristics of heat waves, dry and wet months in Bilate catchment, southern Ethiopia. The Mann-Kendal, Theil-Sen estimator were employed to analyse the trends and magnitude of trends of historical temperature and rainfall. Ensemble mean of regional climate models (RCMs) was employed for the future climate projections of this (2021-2050), mid (2051-2070), and end (2081-2100) centuries relative to baseline (1981-2010). Results revealed that the change in temperature under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 showed an increase in the three future periods. Under the scenarios, the monthly maximum temperature is projected to increase in the range of 0.1 to 2.4 °C and 0.1 to 4.2 °C, respectively. Likewise, the minimum temperature is in the range of 0.1 to 1.9°C and 0.3 to 3.5 °C. Under the scenarios, seasonal rainfall is projected to increase in the range of 124 to 3,009.9 mm and 52.5 to 1111.0 mm; while decreases are from -19.4 to -1679.3 and -243.3 to -2,444.7 mm, respectively. Besides, dry months and heat waves are expected to increase. The combined effect of a reduction in rainfall, increase in heat waves and dry months will likely impact on the people whose livelihood depend on rain-fed subsistence agriculture in the catchment. Water and crop yield reduction are the major implications in this century. These findings raise awareness about the impacts of climate change in the community and regional authorities to endorse development policies.
Variability and trends of climate in east Wollega zone, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Bekuma Teka , Mamo Girma , Regassa Alemayehu
Published: April 2022

Climate change is a major concern for the environmental, social and economic sectors of our world. The purpose of the study was to examine climate variability and trends in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia. Daily precipitation and temperature information for 37 years (1981-2017) were gathered from the Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency. Mann-Kendall trend test, Sen Slope, linear regression model, and coefficient of variation were used to analyze data. The result found that monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall observed an insignificant declining trend except for May, November, and spring and the change was only significant for August at a significance level of 0.05. Maximum and minimum temperature revealed upward warming trends on a monthly, seasonal and yearly basis. The outcome of the linear regression model indicated an insignificant relationship between monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfall and time at a confidence level of 0.05. A statistically significant relationship has been detected between annual maximum, minimum, and mean temperature and year at 0.05 significance level. With the exception of winter minimum temperature, the result found a statistically significant relationship for seasonal temperature. The variation of seasonal rainfall was moderate for summer (23%) and autumn (29%) while it was high for spring (33%) and winter (65%) and it was also moderate for annual (23%). In view of the fact that crop production is affected by rainfall and temperature variability, adaptation to its adverse effect is imperative. Cropping system decisions and adaptation plans in the area should better accommodate for fluctuations in rainfall and temperature.
Impact of climate change on the agriculture sector and its adaptation strategies
Authors: Eka Suranny Lilyk , Gravitiani Evi , Rahardjo Mugi
Published: April 2022

Climate change in Indonesia, including erratic rainfall intensity, extreme temperatures, El Nino and La Nina events, can cause farmers not to implement agricultural efforts optimally. Multiplier effect caused is the risk of decreased agricultural production and even crop failure that causes losses for farmers. The impact can broadly reduce farmers’ welfare, food security and increase poverty, for which most Indonesians livelihood as farmers. The negative consequences of climate change require efforts to minimize the impact and anticipate through adaptation strategies. These research aims are to analyze the impact of climate change on the agriculture sector and develop an adaptation strategy to address the impact of climate change on the agricultural sector. This method uses review literature related to the impact of climate change on agricultural products and adaptation strategies to climate change in the agricultural sector. The impact of climate change caused a decline in agricultural production and even crop failure. The main actors of climate change that affect the agricultural sector include rain patterns, extreme climate events (floods and droughts), and increased air temperatures. Recommendations for adaptation strategies are using superior plants, adjusting planting time and pattern, water management technology (rain harvesting and irrigation), and biotic environmental strategies.
Farmers’ perception and objective validation of the impact of climate change on farming activities in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Nodera Miki , Khoiru Zaki Muhamad , Srisutham Mallika , Yoshida Koshi , Noda Keigo
Published: April 2022

In general, there is a gap between people’s subjective and objective assessment of risk and resilience and objective resilience is larger than a subjective one. The aim of this paper is to analyze farmers’ perception of climate change comparing with objective data. We conducted the questionnaire survey in Khon Kaen Province in Northeast Thailand and clarified the farmers’ profile, agricultural management, and perception of climate change. In addition, comparing to questionnaire result and objective data, we discussed how much the actual farmers’ perception of climate change is different from the objective data. As a result, the farmers perceptions to the rainfall amount in 10 years and trend of objective data were not consistent. This gap suggests that farmers perceived changes in short-term rainfall as climate change rather than changes in long-term rainfall, and that farmers may perceive their production as decreasing due to the increased amount lost due to the expansion of paddy fields into unsuitable areas.
Factors influencing carbon emissions disclosures in high profile companies: some Indonesian evidence
Authors: Ika S R , Yuliani  , Okfitasari A , Widagdo A K
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this article was to examine the influence of ownership structure, environmental performance, financial performance, and company size on carbon emissions reporting of high profile companies in Indonesia. Ownership structure was measured by foreign ownership, institutional ownership, and concentrated ownership, while environmental performance was measured by the Company Performance Rating Program in Environmental Management released by the Ministry of Environment (PROPER) and ISO 14001 certification. The disclosure of carbon emissions was assessed by an index drawn from the carbon disclosures project (CDP). High profiles companies were chosen as the sample since the companies create carbon emissions in their operation which contributes to global climate change. Utilizing 102 companies in 2019 as a sample, results of multivariate regression suggest that institutional ownership and size positively influence the level of carbon emission disclosure. These results indicate that larger companies and companies owned by an institution have a higher tendency to report carbon emissions either in the firm’s annual report or in the sustainability reporting. The findings motivated the listed companies in reporting their carbon emission which is voluntary in nature. Such findings may give an understanding to the capital market regulatory body in releasing regulations that encourage listed companies to report their carbon emission.
The effect of indigenous vegetations on the biological control of oil palm basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma in peatlands
Authors: Supriyanto  , Purwanto  , Poromarto S H , Supyani
Published: April 2022

Oil palm is an important plantation commodity in Indonesia. Oil palm cultivation in Indonesia is always associated with global warming because some of its plantation’s areas are on peatlands and its management not yet environmentally friendly. A serious problem of oil palm cultivation on peatlands is the basal stem rot disease caused by the Ganoderma fungi. There is no effective method to control this disease. Biological control is an alternative method that is environmentally friendly and is the focus of current development, however, in peatland, its development was limited by the lack of information about the influence of peat environmental factors. This study aims to determine the effect of indigenous vegetation on the biological control of Ganoderma on oil palm on peat soil. The research has been conducted by examining the effect of 4 species of peat indigenous plants on the effectiveness of Ganoderma biological control on peat soil in the experimental garden. The results showed that the presence of peat indigenous plants affected the effectiveness of Ganoderma control in oil palm on West Kalimantan peat soils. The single indigenous plant Nephrolepis biserrata was able to reduce the intensity of the disease. However, the use of mixed indigenous plants N. biserrata, Asystasia intrusa, Melastoma affine, and Stenochlaena palustris actually increased the intensity of the disease. These results indicate that the management of existing peat indigenous vegetations around oil palm plantations can help reduce the Ganoderma attacks on oil palm on peat soils.
Effects of plasma nitriding process on the corrosion behavior of GJS700 nodular cast iron
Authors: Azadi Mahboobeh , Parast Mohammad Sadegh Aghareb , Azadi Mohammad
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the effect of the plasma nitriding (PN) process on corrosion aspects of GJS700 nodular cast iron has been investigated. The gas ratio of N2:H2 was a variable parameter that changed the electrochemical properties of cast iron. Therefore, to study corrosion properties, Tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and gravimetric experiments were utilized in two corrosive mediums. Moreover, for more details, the evaluation of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images plus the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis was performed. Results showed that plasma nitrided surfaces with the gas ratio of N2:H2 = 9:1 had the highest resistance in 0.6 M NaCl solution. EIS results also demonstrated that the increase in the corrosion resistance of nitrided surfaces was about 56%–86% compared to the cast iron without surface treatment. However, when nitrided surfaces were exposed to 1 M HCl solution, the PN process with both gas ratios was not an effective treatment to reduce the corrosion rate of cast iron. FESEM images showed that corrosion attacks such as pits, cracks, and corrosion products decreased significantly on surfaces with higher corrosion resistance. The weight loss measurements also depicted that specimens exhibited different corrosion behaviors in two utilized corrosive solutions. Consequently, the possible corrosion mechanism was suggested based on the obtained results.
Surface modification of wire-EDMed Ti6Al4V alloy by ultrasonic assisted magnetic abrasive finishing technique
Authors: Çelik Mahmut , Gürün Hakan , Çaydaş Ulaş
Published: April 2022

In this study, it is aimed to remove the white layer formed on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy as a result of Wire-Electro Discharge Machining by Magnetic Abrasive Finishing method. In the study, specimens were machined with W-EDM method under constant conditions and were machined at different levels of machining time, abrasive size, the number of revolutions and magnetic field parameters in UAMAF and MAF method. In the study in which Taguchi L18 experimental design was used, a total of 36 experiments were performed for MAF and UAMAF methods. The machined samples were examined by SEM and changes in white layer thickness were recorded. Statistical effects of processing parameters on white layer thickness were determined by the ANOVA method. As a result of the study, it was determined that the white layer thickness could decrease by 84% and 89% for the MAF and UAMAF methods, respectively. It has been also determined that ultrasonic support has a positive effect of 13.45% on average.
Recent developments in functional triboelectric nanogenerators for flame-retardant, human health, and energy-harvesting fields: a crucial review
Authors: Wang Ran , Ji Miaomiao , Jin Xin , Zhang Qiran , Jiao Tifeng
Published: April 2022

In recent years, the rational use and development of energy has become an important research direction. As a novel technology, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can effectively convert other energy from around the environment into electricity. TENGs have wide applicability due to their adjustable structures, but they are still limited to a certain extent in some special fields. For example, some special requirements for triboelectric materials need to be addressed when a TENG is applied in a high temperature environment, in water, in wind, or for human health. Therefore, this review introduces some TENGs applied in special environments, and provides a reference for the preparation and application of functional TENGs. It provides a new idea for the preparation of multifunctional TENGs and their wide application in various fields.
Gravastar configuration in non-conservative Rastall gravity
Authors: Majeed K , Abbas G
Published: April 2022

In the present article, we have presented the exact solutions of gravastar with Kuchowicz metric potential in the background of non-conservative Rastall gravity. Within the context of Mazur-Mottola’s [1, 2] concept of Bose–Einstein condensation to gravitational systems, the grvastar structure consists of three layers: interior part, intermediate part (i.e., thin shell) and exterior part. All the gravastar’s exact solutions have been derived with the aid of Kuchowicz metric potential by considering isotropic matter distribution. For the thin shell (filled with ultra-relativistic stiff fluid) with different parameters like length, energy, entropy and surface redshift have been calculated, which show the stability of our proposed model. Interestingly, all the thin shell results are obtained without taking shell approximation i.e., 0 < e
−ν
≡ h ≪ 1. The exterior part, which is absolutely a vacuum is characterized by the Schwarzschild geometry and the interior part give output in the form of non-singular results. Generally, the main purpose of this work is to obtain the exact, non-singular, horizon free, stable model and we have achieved these goals in the presence of Rastall parameter.
Slow spin dynamics in a CoM2O4 A-site spinel (M=Al, Ga, and Rh)
Authors: Naka T , Nakane T , Valenta J , Mamiya H , Ishii S , Nakayama M , Abe H , Togashi T , Uchikoshi T
Published: April 2022

We report thermomagnetic properties in magnetically frustrated A-site spinel magnets of CoAl2O4, CoRh2O4, and cluster glass CoGa2O4 to comprehensively show the proximity effects of the Néel-to-spin-spiral (NSS) transition, which is predicted theoretically to occur in a magnetically frustrated A-site spinel antiferromagnet. The low-temperature magnetic phase remains controversial since the magnetic state of CoAl2O4 is in the vicinity of the NSS transition derived by the inherent magnetic frustrated interaction for an A-site spinel magnet and is also considerably sensitive to crystallographic disorder. The antiferromagnetic and spin-glass transitions were detected by measuring the direct-current and alternating-current susceptibilities and also thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) developing below the magnetic transitions at the Néel point (T
N) and spin-glass transition temperature (T
SG). The relaxation rate and the temperature derivative of TRM were both enhanced at T
N and T
SG, and they decayed rapidly above and below the transitions. We succeeded in extracting the relaxation time τ and other characteristic parameters from the isothermal relaxation of TRM, which was well fitted with a non-exponential relaxation form formulated by Weron based on purely stochastic theory in order to describe the originally dielectric relaxation. For the typical CoRh2O4 normal spinel (inversion-free A site) antiferromagnet and the CoGa2O4 random spinel spin-glass, the temperature variations of these parameters can distinguish the magnetic states. In contrast to the cases for CoRh2O4 and CoGa2O4, an enhancement of the relaxation rate of TRM for CoAl2O4 is indicated at low temperatures, which is probably related to the suppression of long-range antiferromagnetic order revealed by neutron diffraction studies.
Review of parameterisation and a novel database (LiionDB) for continuum Li-ion battery models
Authors: Wang A A , O’Kane S E J , Brosa Planella F , Houx J Le , O’Regan K , Zyskin M , Edge J , Monroe C W , Cooper S J , Howey D A , Kendrick E , Foster J M
Published: April 2022

The Doyle–Fuller–Newman (DFN) framework is the most popular physics-based continuum-level description of the chemical and dynamical internal processes within operating lithium-ion-battery cells. With sufficient flexibility to model a wide range of battery designs and chemistries, the framework provides an effective balance between detail, needed to capture key microscopic mechanisms, and simplicity, needed to solve the governing equations at a relatively modest computational expense. Nevertheless, implementation requires values of numerous model parameters, whose ranges of applicability, estimation, and validation pose challenges. This article provides a critical review of the methods to measure or infer parameters for use within the isothermal DFN framework, discusses their advantages or disadvantages, and clarifies limitations attached to their practical application. Accompanying this discussion we provide a searchable database, available at www.liiondb.com, which aggregates many parameters and state functions for the standard DFN model that have been reported in the literature.
Spectral gaps of the Laplacian on differential forms
Authors: Leal Helton , Lu Zhiqin
Published: April 2022

In this short article, we explore some basic results associated to the Generalized Weyl criterion for the essential spectrum of the Laplacian on Riemannian manifolds. We use the language of Gromov-Hausdorff convergence to recall a spectral gap theorem. Finally, we make the necessary adjustments to extend our main results, and construct a class of complete noncompact manifolds with an arbitrarily large number of gaps in the spectrum of the Hodge Laplacian acting on differential forms.
Federated horizontally partitioned principal component analysis for biomedical applications
Authors: Hartebrodt Anne , Röttger Richard
Published: April 2022

Motivation

Federated learning enables privacy-preserving machine learning in the medical domain because the sensitive patient data remain with the owner and only parameters are exchanged between the data holders. The federated scenario introduces specific challenges related to the decentralized nature of the data, such as batch effects and differences in study population between the sites. Here, we investigate the challenges of moving classical analysis methods to the federated domain, specifically principal component analysis (PCA), a versatile and widely used tool, often serving as an initial step in machine learning and visualization workflows. We provide implementations of different federated PCA algorithms and evaluate them regarding their accuracy for high-dimensional biological data using realistic sample distributions over multiple data sites, and their ability to preserve downstream analyses.

Results

Federated subspace iteration converges to the centralized solution even for unfavorable data distributions, while approximate methods introduce error. Larger sample sizes at the study sites lead to better accuracy of the approximate methods. Approximate methods may be sufficient for coarse data visualization, but are vulnerable to outliers and batch effects. Before the analysis, the PCA algorithm, as well as the number of eigenvectors should be considered carefully to avoid unnecessary communication overhead.

Availability and implementation

Simulation code and notebooks for federated PCA can be found at https://gitlab.com/roettgerlab/federatedPCA; the code for the federated app is available at https://github.com/AnneHartebrodt/fc-federated-pca

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Natural orifice versus transabdominal specimen extraction in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: meta-analysis
Authors: Brincat Svetlana Doris , Lauri Josef , Cini Charles
Published: April 2022

Background

Natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) is a technique that involves collecting a specimen for extraction through a natural opening avoiding a mini-laparotomy incision. The aim of this study was to compare NOSE and transabdominal specimen extraction in laparoscopic (LAP) colorectal cancer surgery for postoperative outcomes and oncological safety.

Method

A systematic search was conducted in five electronic databases from inception till October 2020. Articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria (studies comparing LAP and NOSE colorectal surgeries reporting at least one of the outcomes) and analysed. Primary outcomes included postoperative complications, pathological results (resection margins and lymph node collection), and oncological outcomes. Secondary outcomes included operating time, blood losses, use of analgesics, functional recovery, duration of hospital stay, and cosmetic results. Fixed and random-effect models were used to measure the pooled estimates.

Results

Nineteen studies involving a total of 3432 participants were analysed (3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 16 retrospective non-randomized studies). Pooled results showed significantly reduced postoperative complications (OR 0.54; 95 per cent c.i. 0.44 to 0.67; P < 0.00001). Pathological outcomes of NOSE were comparable to LAP with no significant difference noted in terms of resection margins (P > 0.05) and lymph node collection (weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.47; 95 per cent c.i. −0.94 to 0; P = 0.05). Pooled analysis demonstrated comparable long-term outcomes in terms of cancer recurrence (OR 0.94; 95 per cent c.i. 0.63 to 1.39; P = 0.75), 5-year disease-free survival (HR 0.97; 95 per cent c.i. 0.73 to 1.29; P = 0.83), and overall survival (HR 0.93, 95 per cent c.i. 0.58 to −1.51; P = 0.78). Finally, the NOSE group had decreased use of additional analgesia after surgery and earlier resumption of oral intake when compared with LAP (respectively OR 0.28; 95 per cent c.i. 0.20 to 0.37; P < 0.00001 and WMD −0.35; 95 per cent c.i. −0.54 to −0.15; P = 0.0005).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis showed that in comparison with LAP, NOSE decreases severe postoperative morbidity while improving postoperative recovery without compromising oncological safety, but it is limited by the small number of RCTs performed in this field.
Prevalence of Antibiotic Tolerance and Risk for Reinfection Among Escherichia coli Bloodstream Isolates: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lazarovits Gilad , Gefen Orit , Cahanian Noga , Adler Karen , Fluss Ronen , Levin-Reisman Irit , Ronin Irine , Motro Yair , Moran-Gilad Jacob , Balaban Nathalie Q , Strahilevitz Jacob
Published: April 2022

Background

Tolerance is the ability of bacteria to survive transient exposure to high concentrations of a bactericidal antibiotic without a change in the minimal inhibitory concentration, thereby limiting the efficacy of antimicrobials. The study sought to determine the prevalence of tolerance in a prospective cohort of E. coli bloodstream infection and to explore the association of tolerance with reinfection risk.

Methods

Tolerance, determined by the Tolerance Disk Test (TDtest), was tested in a prospective cohort of consecutive patient-unique E. coli bloodstream isolates and a collection of strains from patients who had recurrent blood cultures with E. coli (cohorts 1 and 2, respectively). Selected isolates were further analyzed using time-dependent killing and typed using whole-genome sequencing. Covariate data were retrieved from electronic medical records. The association between tolerance and reinfection was assessed by the Cox proportional-hazards regression and a Poisson regression models.

Results

In cohort 1, 8/94 isolates (8.5%) were tolerant. Using multivariate analysis, it was determined that the risk for reinfection in the patients with tolerant index bacteremia was significantly higher than for patients with a nontolerant strain, hazard ratio, 3.98 (95% confidence interval, 1.32–12.01). The prevalence of tolerance among cohort 2 was higher than in cohort 1, 6/21(28.6%) vs 8/94 (8.5%), respectively (P = .02).

Conclusions

Tolerant E. coli are frequently encountered among bloodstream isolates and are associated with an increased risk of reinfection. The TDtest appears to be a practicable approach for tolerance detection and could improve future patient management.
Strategic coupling and institutional innovation in times of upheavals: the industrial chain chief model in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Gong Huiwen , Hassink Robert , Wang Cassandra C
Published: April 2022

For regions that are deeply integrated into the global economy, the question of how to remain competitive and resilient in times of uncertainty is a key concern. While strategic coupling is a useful concept for understanding local-global economic dynamics, the idea that a region can simultaneously couple into multiple production networks organised at different spatial scales and that regional actors can increase their autonomy by creatively combining different coupling scenarios has been little explored. This paper explores how regional institutional innovations can facilitate such multiple couplings. We focus on the industrial chain chief model in China’s Zhejiang province, which emerged against the backdrop of the U.S.-China trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that this institutional innovation offers a different way of thinking for regions that have long been exposed to the influence of globalisation, and that it increases the agency of local actors in global production networks.
Regional assets and network switching: shifting geographies of ownership, control and capital in UK offshore oil
Authors: Bridge Gavin , Dodge Alexander
Published: April 2022

Evolutionary approaches to strategic coupling show how regions harness and match assets, then negotiate their alignment with lead firms. For regions intersected by multiple networks in the same industry, however, the reconfiguration of network-territory relations can have aggregate, co-evolutionary effects that exceed coupling to a single lead firm. In such cases network switching rather than asset matching can be a primary driver of regional transformation, as assets transferred from one lead firm to another become embedded in qualitatively different production networks with contrasting power dynamics and logics of value capture. We analyse transformation in UK offshore oil to reveal three trajectories of change—in ownership, control, and capital—arising from the transfer of regional assets between different categories of lead firm; and identify simultaneous processes of globalisation and localisation in network geographies. We argue that network switching—guided by a heuristic of ‘re-territorialisation’—can complement strategic coupling.
Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased neurodevelopmental disorders in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Omann Camilla , Nyboe Camilla , Kristensen Rasmus , Ernst Andreas , Ramlau-Hansen Cecilia Høst , Rask Charlotte , Tabor Ann , Gaynor J. William , Hjortdal Vibeke E.
Published: April 2022

Aims

Our primary aim was to examine whether exposure to pre-eclampsia increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children born with congenital heart disease (CHD). Our secondary aim was to evaluate whether CHD and pre-eclampsia may act in synergy and potentiate this risk.

Method and results

Using population-based registries, we included all Danish children born with CHD between 1994 and 2017. Non-singletons and children born with a syndrome were excluded. Neurodevelopmental disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and tic disorders were identified with the use of the 10th edition of International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) codes DF80–DF98. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we estimated the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children with CHD exposed to pre-eclampsia compared with those with CHD not exposed to pre-eclampsia. The population consisted of 11 449 children born with CHD. Children exposed to pre-eclampsia had an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, hazard ratio: 1.84 (95% confidence interval: 1.39–2.42). Furthermore, a comparison cohort of 113 713 children with no CHD diagnoses were included. Using cumulative incidence analyses with death as competing risk, we compared the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders if exposed to pre-eclampsia among children with CHD and children without CHD. Exposure to pre-eclampsia drastically increased the cumulative incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children born with CHD.

Conclusion

Exposure to pre-eclampsia is associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children born with CHD. CHD and pre-eclampsia may act in synergy and potentiate this effect. Clinicians should therefore be especially attentive to neurodevelopmental problems in this vulnerable subgroup.
Predictors of Receipt of Comprehensive Medication Reviews in Older Adults
Authors: Coe Antoinette B , Farris Karen B , Solway Erica , Singer Dianne C , Kirch Matthias , Kullgren Jeffrey T , Malani Preeti N , Bynum Julie P W
Published: April 2022

Background

Polypharmacy is highly prevalent among older adults. This study’s purpose was to provide nationally representative estimates of self-reported comprehensive medication review (CMR) receipt among older adults and describe factors associated with their receipt, as CMRs are available through the Medicare Part D program.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used data from the National Poll on Healthy Aging (NPHA), a nationally representative online survey of community-dwelling adults aged 50–80, administered in December 2019. Participants included older adults aged 65-80 with any health insurance (n = 960). Outcomes were self-reported CMR receipt, awareness of CMR insurance coverage, and interest in a future CMR with a pharmacist. Sociodemographic and health-related variables were included. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression with NPHA population sampling weights were used.

Results

Among older adults on 2 or more prescription medications, only 20.8% had received a CMR while 34.3% were interested in a future CMR. Among individuals who had not received a CMR, most (83.4%) were unaware their insurance might cover a CMR. Factors associated with higher odds of receiving a CMR included taking 5 or more prescription medications (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.59–4.38) and reporting food insecurity (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.07–7.93). Having fair or poor self-reported physical health was associated with lower odds of receiving a CMR (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25–0.97).

Conclusions

Most older adults on 2 or more prescription medications with health insurance had not received a CMR and many were interested in one. Targeted strategies to increase older adults’ awareness and receipt of CMRs are warranted.
Iatrogenesis in the Context of Residential Dementia Care: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Morris Patricia , McCloskey Rose , Bulman Donna
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives

This concept analysis aims to explore iatrogenesis within the context of residential dementia care and to distinguish this phenomenon from similar phenomena, such as abuse and inadvertent harm.

Research Design and Methods

Walker and Avant’s method for concept analysis was used to define critical attributes of iatrogenesis within residential dementia care, and to explore antecedents and consequences of its occurrence. A review of the literature about iatrogenesis in the context of residential dementia was conducted across 4 electronic databases. Texts about iatrogenesis in surgery, medicine, social work, psychology, and other relevant disciplines were also reviewed to provide additional context for the concept.

Results

Iatrogenesis takes a unique form in residential dementia care. The final definition of the concept proposed in this article is habituated, forceful, hands-on care provided to residents who exhibit responsive behaviors that result in emotional, physical, spiritual, social harm, and/or gradual functional decline, that is provided with the intention of supporting the resident’s safety and dignity.

Discussion and Implications

The definition of iatrogenesis proposed in this article is an initial step toward developing evidence-based practice for the provision of nonconsensual assistance in residential dementia care. A theoretical definition like the one proposed in this article may serve as a starting point for the operationalization of the concept, which would promote future empirical research into staff and residents’ experiences of health care-inflicted harms in this context. Theoretically, it contributes to critical conversations about the narratives, myths, and misperceptions that facilitate the provision of nonconsensual care.
The Role of Information in Later-Life Sexuality: An Invitation for Further Exploration
Authors: Dalmer Nicole K , Marshall Barbara L
Published: April 2022

Despite the key role of information in realizing, questioning, or respecting one’s sexual health, individuals’ engagement with information about sex and sexuality remains understudied, particularly in older adult populations. Beginning with current understandings of later-life sexuality to contextualize how older adults may need, use, and manage information about their sexual lives and practices, this forum article follows with what is currently known about older adults’ sexuality-related information needs and practices. We conclude with an invitation for collaboration between gerontologists and Library and Information Science scholars and professionals as a means to step outside the medicalization of older adults’ sexuality and bolster our understandings of how information and later-life sexuality are mututally shaping.
My AI Friend: How Users of a Social Chatbot Understand Their Human–AI Friendship
Authors: Brandtzaeg Petter Bae , Skjuve Marita , Følstad Asbjørn
Published: April 2022

Use of conversational artificial intelligence (AI), such as humanlike social chatbots, is increasing. While a growing number of people is expected to engage in intimate relationships with social chatbots, theories and knowledge of human–AI friendship remain limited. As friendships with AI may alter our understanding of friendship itself, this study aims to explore the meaning of human–AI friendship through a developed conceptual framework. We conducted 19 in-depth interviews with people who have a human–AI friendship with the social chatbot Replika to uncover how they understand and perceive this friendship and how it compares to human friendship. Our results indicate that while human–AI friendship may be understood in similar ways to human–human friendship, the artificial nature of the chatbot also alters the notion of friendship in multiple ways, such as allowing for a more personalized friendship tailored to the user’s needs.
Parental fecundability and neurodevelopmental delays and difficulties in offspring
Authors: Magnus Maria C , Havdahl Alexandra , Wilcox Allen J , Goisis Alice
Published: April 2022

Background

Impaired neurodevelopment is reported among children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART). However, this might be explained by conditions underlying parental subfecundity, rather than the ART procedure.

Methods

We examined associations of parental time-to-pregnancy (TTP) and conception by ART with neurodevelopmental traits up to 8 years of age, including motor and language skills, social delays and difficulties, and inattention-hyperactivity, among 92 142 singletons participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Mothers reported TTP and neurodevelopmental traits through questionnaires. Mean differences in standardized neurodevelopmental traits were estimated using linear regression, adjusting for maternal age, parity, educational level, body mass index and smoking, and paternal age.

Results

A longer TTP was associated with decreased language skills and motor skills at 6, 18 and 36 months (P-values for trend ≤0.01), prosocial skills delay at 36 months (P-values for trend ≤0.001) and increased scores for inattention-hyperactivity traits at all ages up to 8 years (P-values for trend from 0.06 to 0.01). Effect sizes were small, ranging between 0.03 and 0.05 difference in the standardized neurodevelopmental scores. Estimates for ART were imprecise, but there were no differences between children conceived by ART and naturally conceived children of subfecund parents (TTP ≥12 months).

Conclusions

Longer parental TTP is modestly but robustly associated with offspring neurodevelopmental delays and difficulties, with no added impact of ART. Future studies should investigate the underlying causes of—or aspects related to—parental subfecundity which might explain the association with offspring neurodevelopmental delays and difficulties.
On the Homotopy Type of Intersections of Two Real Bruhat Cells
Authors: Alves Emília , Saldanha Nicolau C
Published: April 2022

Real Bruhat cells give an important and well-studied stratification of such spaces as $\operatorname {GL}_{n+1}$, $\operatorname {Flag}_{n+1} = \operatorname {SL}_{n+1}/B$, $\operatorname {SO}_{n+1}$, and $\operatorname {Spin}_{n+1}$. We study the intersections of a top dimensional cell with another cell (for another basis). Such an intersection is naturally identified with a subset of the lower nilpotent group $\operatorname {Lo}_{n+1}^{1}$. We are particularly interested in the homotopy type of such intersections. In this paper, we define a stratification of such intersections. As a consequence, we obtain a finite CW complex that is homotopically equivalent to the intersection. We compute the homotopy type for several examples. It turns out that for $n \le 4$ all connected components of such subsets of $\operatorname {Lo}_{n+1}^1$ are contractible: we prove this by explicitly constructing the corresponding CW complexes. Conversely, for $n \ge 5$ and the top permutation, there is always a connected component with even Euler characteristic and therefore not contractible. This follows from formulas for the number of cells per dimension of the corresponding CW complex. For instance, for the top permutation $S_6$, there exists a connected component with Euler characteristic equal to $2$. We also give an example of a permutation in $S_6$ for which there exists a connected component that is homotopically equivalent to the circle ${{\mathbb {S}}}^1$.