bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Manufacturing of Recyclable Polyimide Composite Aerogels
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Wu Tingting , Zhao Zhiyang , Li Lei , Shan Tongxin , Wu Hui , Zboray Robert , Bernasconi Francesco , Cui Yongjie , Hu Peiying , Malfait Wim J. , Zhang Qinghua , Zhao Shanyu
Published: November 2024

Mitigating embodied emissions is becoming increasingly crucial as the energy supply shifts toward more sustainable sources. Bio‐based materials present a potentially more sustainable alternative to synthetic polymers; however, it often do not yet match the performance of synthetic materials. Given the ongoing reliance on high‐performance, high‐environmental‐impact materials, it is essential to ensure their complete recyclability. Aerogels, recognized by IUPAC as one of the top ten emerging technologies, are witnessing rapid market growth in thermal insulation and thermal protection applications. In certain applications, synthetic and composite aerogels exhibit superior performance, particularly under high temperatures. Here, molecular simulation tools are employed to elucidate the interaction forces between polymers and solvents, develop a recycling strategy for polyimide‐based aerogels, and demonstrate their application in thermal protection for firefighter textiles and thermal runaway protection for Li‐ion battery packs. These composites are engineered for disassembly, allowing for the complete recovery of starting materials without any degradation of components after multiple recycling cycles. The recyclable composites can be fabricated using various manufacturing techniques to produce fibers (1D), membranes (2D), and complex structures (3D). This unique combination of outstanding performance and excellent recyclability facilitates the sustainable utilization of aerogels in protective clothing, electric mobility, consumer goods, and aeronautics.
A High‐Stability Pressure‐Sensitive Implantable Memristor for Pulmonary Hypertension Monitoring
Authors: Cao Zelin , Liu Yiwei , Sun Bai , Zhou Guangdong , Gao Kaikai , Sun Siyu , Cui Yu , Wang Mengna , Yan Xianxia , Zhao Tianfu , Chen Xiaoliang , Shao Jinyou , Qin Sida
Published: November 2024

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) significantly affects the quality of life and lifespan of humans and has promoted the development of flexible implantable electronic devices for PH diagnosis and prevention. Traditional implantable devices based on the von Neumann architecture face insurmountable challenges in processing large amounts of biological data due to computational bottlenecks. Memristors, with integrated in‐memory sensing and computing capabilities, can effectively eliminate computational bottlenecks and become one of the most promising products in implantable devices for health monitoring. Here, a memristor with the Ag/MnO2/BaTiO3/FTO structure is implemented and implanted into Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats. With polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) packaging, the device can be continuously worked in vivo for up to four weeks, demonstrating excellent stability and biocompatibility. Furthermore, a memristive sensor array is designed for pulmonary artery blood pressure monitoring based on the pressure‐responsive characteristics of the as‐prepared memristive device. The front‐end memristive sensor array can collect and feedback pressure signal, while noise reduction is achieved through memristive logic circuits, and ultimately the memristor neural network processes and classifies the information. Therefore, this work demonstrates the potential of implantable memristors for pulmonary artery pressure monitoring and provides new inspiration for the design of efficient, real‐time, and reliable implantable pressure monitoring devices in medical health monitoring.
Engineering Topological and Chemical Disorder in Pd Sites for Record‐Breaking Formic Acid Electrocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Tan Xiaohong , Wang Jiarui , Xiao Yuhang , Guo Yingying , He Weidong , Du Binjie , Cui Hao , Wang Chengxin
Published: November 2024

Designing palladium‐based formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) catalysts to achieve significant breakthroughs in catalytic activity, pathway selectivity, and toxicity resistance is both urgent and challenging. Here, these challenges are addressed by pioneering a novel catalyst design that incorporates both topological and chemical disorder, developing a new class of PdCuLaYMnW high‐entropy amorphous alloys with a porous network (Net‐Pd‐HEAA) as a highly active, selective, and stable FAOR electrocatalyst. This novel Net‐Pd‐HEAA demonstrates record‐breaking FAOR performance, achieving the mass and specific activities of 5.94 A mgPd−1 and 8.94 mA cm−2, respectively, surpassing all previously reported Pd‐based catalysts and showing strong competitiveness against advanced Pt‐based catalysts. Simulataneously, Net‐Pd‐HEAA exhibits extraordinary stability in accelerated durability tests (ADT) and chronoamperometry (CA) tests. Advanced characterization and in situ, spectral analysis reveal that the extremely disordered atomic structure effectively regulates the geometric and electronic structure of the Pd sites, enhancing active intermediate coverage, facilitating dehydrogenation pathway, and inhibiting the production/adsorption of CO. Furthermore, when employed as the anode catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), Net‐Pd‐HEAA only requires a potential of 1.28 V to obtain a current density of 1 A cm−2, and operates stably in a highly corrosive electrolyte for over 100 h.
Terahertz Resonant Emission by Optically Excited Infrared‐Active Shear Phonons in KY(MoO4)2
Authors: Kamenskyi Dmytro , Vasin Kirill , Prodan Lilian , Kutko Khrystyna , Khrustalyov Volodymyr , Pavlov Sergey G. , Hübers Heinz‐Wilhelm
Published: November 2024

The generation of monochromatic electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz (THz) frequency range has remained a challenging task for many decades. Here, the emission of monochromatic sub‐THz radiation by optical phonons in the dielectric material KY(MoO4)2 is demonstrated. The layered crystal structure of KY(MoO4)2 causes infrared‐active shear lattice vibrations to have energies below 3.7 meV, corresponding to frequencies lower than 900 GHz where solid‐state‐based monochromatic radiation sources are rare. Directly excited by a 5 ps long broadband THz pulse, infrared‐active optical vibrations in KY(MoO4)2 re‐emit narrowband sub‐THz radiation as a time‐varying dipole for tens of picoseconds, which is exceptionally long for oscillators with frequencies below 1 THz. Such a long coherent emission allows for the detection of more than 50 periods of radiation with frequencies of 568 and 860 GHz. The remarkably long decay time together with the chemical stability of the employed material suggests a variety of possible applications in THz technology.
Targeted Sonodynamic Therapy Platform for Holistic Integrative Helicobacter pylori Therapy
Authors: Yin Xiaojing , Lai Yongkang , Zhang Xinyuan , Zhang Tingling , Tian Jing , Du Yiqi , Li Zhaoshen , Gao Jie
Published: November 2024

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a primary pathogen associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including gastric cancer. The increase in resistance to antibiotics, along with the adverse effects caused by complicated medication protocols, has made the eradication of H. pylori a more formidable challenge, necessitating alternative therapeutics. Herein, a targeted nanoplatform is reported based on sonodynamic therapy, the chitosan‐conjugated fucose loaded with indocyanine green (ICG@FCS). It penetrates the gastric mucosa and homes in on H. pylori through dual targeting mechanisms: molecular via fucose and physical via ultrasound. Upon ultrasound activation, it generates singlet oxygen, effectively attacking planktonic bacteria, disrupting biofilms, and facilitating the clearance of intracellular bacteria by promoting autophagy, including multidrug‐resistant strains. The ICG@FCS nanoplatform minimally affects the gut microbiota and aids in gastric mucosa repair. a holistic integrative H. pylori therapy strategy is proposed that targets eradication while preserving gastrointestinal health. This strategy emphasizes the importance of maintaining patient health while eradicating the pathogen. This advancement is set to refine the comprehensive antibacterial approach, offering a promising horizon in the ongoing battle against antibiotic resistance and more effective gastric cancer prevention strategies.
Real‐world predictors of dupilumab prescription in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Dorismond Christina , Krysinski Mason R. , Trivedi Yash , Lubner Rory J. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Turner Justin H.
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite increasing dupilumab use for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), little is known about the factors influencing its use in real‐world practice. We aimed to identify factors that may predict dupilumab prescription in CRSwNP patients who have undergone endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Methods

A single‐institution, retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent ESS for CRSwNP between 2015 and 2023 was conducted. Demographics, comorbidities, 22‐item sinonasal outcome test (SNOT‐22) scores, and dupilumab prescription date were extracted from patient records. Intraoperative nasal mucus cytokine levels were measured using a multiplex bead assay. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with dupilumab prescription, and multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for surgery date.

Results

A total of 299 CRSwNP patients were included, including seventy (23.4%) who were prescribed dupilumab postoperatively. Patients were more likely to be prescribed dupilumab if they had asthma (odds ratio [OR] 2.304), aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD, OR 3.375), elevated tissue eosinophils (OR 1.005), and higher 3‐month postoperative SNOT‐22 scores (OR 1.027). Patients prescribed dupilumab also had greater odds of having elevated mucus interleukin (IL)‐5 (OR 1.128) and IL‐13 (OR 1.213). When adjusting for surgery date, associated factors included: asthma (OR 2.444), AERD (OR 3.750), allergic rhinitis (OR 1.833), higher tissue eosinophils (OR 1.005), elevated 3‐month SNOT‐22 scores (OR 1.028), and higher IL‐5 (OR 1.123) and IL‐13 (OR 1.202) levels.

Conclusion

Asthma, AERD, allergic rhinitis, and elevated tissue eosinophil, IL‐5, and IL‐13 levels are predictive of dupilumab prescription in CRSwNP patients. These may serve as clinical and inflammatory biomarkers and can aid in counseling patients about expected disease trajectory.
Eggshell‐Based Unconventional Biomaterials for Medical Applications
Authors: Torres Gouveia Maria Eduarda , Milhans Charles , Gezek Mert , Camci‐Unal Gulden
Published: November 2024

Eggshells are one of the most abundant byproducts of food processing waste. Each discarded eggshell represents a missed opportunity to convert a no‐cost waste material into a valuable product. Beyond their economic practicality and widespread availability, eggshells possess unique biological and chemical properties that support cell differentiation. Their composition includes biologically active compounds, essential trace elements, and collagenous and noncollagenous elements, mimicking the components of bones, teeth, and skin. Additionally, eggshells serve as a suitable precursor for synthesizing hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and β‐tricalcium phosphate. Eggshells can be utilized on their own or as derived materials to produce regenerative biocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering. These scaffolds often exhibit high porosity, excellent biocompatibility, degradability, and mechanical properties. Eggshells and their derivatives have also been employed as carriers for targeted drug delivery systems and in electrochemical biosensors. Eggshells serve as a versatile biomaterial, adept at not only addressing practical gaps but also bridging the divide between sophistication and ease of production. In this review, the chemical composition of eggshells and their numerous applications in hard and soft tissue regeneration, biomolecule delivery, and biosensor development are discussed highlighting their innovative and unconventional use as a natural biomaterial providing solutions for unmet clinical needs.
Harnessing Free Sulfate Groups in Glycosylation Reactions
Authors: Maki Yuta , Manbo Akihiro , Abe Junpei , Nobutou Hiroki , Hirao Kohtaro , Okamoto Ryo , Izumi Masayuki , Yamanaka Shusuke , Okumura Mitsutaka , Kajihara Yasuhiro
Published: November 2024

General strategies for synthesizing sulfated oligosaccharides employ the protection of sulfate groups for glycosylation or post‐sulfation after the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, the chemical behavior of free sulfate groups in glycosylation reactions has not been thoroughly studied. We examined several glycosyl donors with free sulfate groups, but neither glycosyl imidates nor thioglycosides achieved products. Conversely, activating 6‐sulfated GalNAc donors with either a 2‐NTroc group or 2‐O‐acetyl group using an ortho‐hexynylbenzoate group at the anomeric position yielded β‐glycosides in good yield. These results indicate that glycosylations with a free sulfate group can be performed and that the neighboring group participation of 2‐NHTroc and 2‐O‐acetyl groups works even with an unprotected sulfate group at the 6‐position. Ab initio calculations supported the formation of acyloxonium‐cation via 2‐O‐acyl participation. Additionally, glycosylation reactions under various counter cations of the sulfate group, such as Na+, Li+, K+, Ba2+, and pyridinium were examined. Results showed that sodium and lithium salt donors yielded the products in good yield. These results were also supported by ab initio calculations. Practical glycosylation reactions between disaccharide donor‐acceptor pairs with free sulfate groups successfully yielded the sulfated tetrasaccharides. This study also discusses how a sodium salt acts as a protecting group during glycosylation.
Using a New Pt(II) Source to Make Pt(II) Lantern‐Shaped Cages, Including Low‐Symmetry, Heteroleptic, and Multicavity Examples
Authors: Avery Zack T. , Gardiner Michael G. , Preston Dan
Published: November 2024

Current synthetic methods towards Pt(II) lantern‐shaped cages involve the use of dry solvent, inert atmosphere, lengthy reaction times, and highly variable yields if isolated. Starting materials such as [Pt(CH3CN)4](BF4)2 suffer from a poor shelf‐life, reducing the synthetic accessibility of various Pt(II) architectures. A new Pt(II) source (with varied counterions), [Pt(3‐ClPy)4](X)2 (3‐ClPy=3‐chloropyridine, X=BF4−, OTf−, NO3−), is developed and characterised, showing greatly enhanced shelf‐life characteristics under ambient atmospheric conditions. Using this starting material, the assembly of Pt(II) lantern‐shaped cages was completed in as little as 1.5 hours with wet solvent and ambient atmosphere. The first examples of low‐symmetry, heteroleptic and multicavity Pt(II) lantern‐shaped cages are reported using this approach. Attempts towards an M6L8 octahedron using a tritopic ligand instead generate an interesting M2L4 cage with unbound pyridyl arms. Ligands and cages are characterised by NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography in some cases.
Paired Electro‐Synthesis of Remote Amino Alcohols with/in H2O
Authors: Fang Xinyue , Hu Xinwei , Li Quan‐Xin , Ni Shao‐Fei , Ruan Zhixiong
Published: November 2024

Amino alcohols, particularly remote amino alcohols and peptide alcohols, are valuable due to their functional diversity in biologically active compounds. However, traditional synthesis methods face significant challenges, making electrochemistry an attractive alternative. We have developed a mild and biocompatible sequential paired electrolysis strategy, leveraging copper‐electrocatalysis to synthesize diverse remote amino alcohols, including unnatural peptide alcohols. Both experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that water serves as both the hydroxyl source and the solvent, facilitating the generation of CuH with Cu(I) at the cathode, which in turn reduces the aldehyde intermediates formed during the reaction.
Reassessing the Photochemical Upcycling of Polystyrene Using Acridinium Salts
Authors: De Abreu Anne‐Lise , Taton Daniel , Bassani Dario M.
Published: November 2024

Polystyrene (PS) is a commodity plastic recalcitrant to chemical recycling or upcycling processes. Approaches aimed at deconstructing PS by photocatalytic means struggle to generate high‐energy species capable of cleaving the robust C−H and C−C bonds of PS. We show that 9‐mesityl‐10‐methylacridinium perchlorate (MA) is capable of upcycling various grades of PS substrates into up to 40 % benzoic acid (BAc), formic acid (FA) and small proportions of acetophenone (ACP), under visible light (456 nm) or through solar radiation. Time‐resolved emission and absorption spectroscopy evidence that a reaction with oxygen is the primary photochemical step in oxygen‐saturated solutions, accounting for 77 % of the photons absorbed vs. 1 % for the direct reaction with PS (0.303 M in repeating units). These results are in agreement with a mechanism in which MA‐mediated photo upcycling of PS to BAc occurs through the abstraction of benzylic H atoms by reactive oxygen species generated by energy or electron transfer from the excited state of MA. Addition of triplet O2 to these radicals, followed by intra‐ or inter‐molecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) generates C‐ or O‐centered radicals then undergoing β‐scission or hydroperoxide fragmentation. The formation of intermediate oligomers functionalized by terminal carbonyl groups is demonstrated by both infrared analysis and MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. These oligomers undergo further photoinduced conversion even in the absence of MA, as evidenced by size exclusion chromatography analysis of the irradiated samples.
Tough and Aqua‐Degradable Poly(Glycolic Acid)/Poly (ε‐Caprolactone) Blends Obtained Through Interfacial Regulation
Authors: Liu Ben , Ma Chao , Zhu Mintao , Gong Min , Zhang Liang , Wang Dongrui , Lin Xiang
Published: November 2024

In order to obtain tough and aqua‐degradable materials under relatively low water temperature, the poly(glycolic acid) (PGA, T
m ~ 225°C) was melt blended with poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL, T
m ~ 60°C) and chain extenders (CEs) were employed to regulate the interfacial compatibility. The crystallization behavior, morphological structure, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and rheological behaviors of the blends were studied, with a focus on their toughness and aqua‐degradability. Results showed that the incorporation of PCL deteriorated the tensile properties of PGA due to the induced interfacial defects which could be improved via minor CEs. With the PCL content of 20 phr and 1–1.5 phr of CEs, for example, the tensile strength of PGA/PCL reached 80.64 MPa, and the elongation at break and toughness were up to 142.92% and 89.12 MJ/m3, respectively. The employed CEs were confirmed to be efficient in improving compatibility through extending molecular chains, but crystallization dynamics and thermal stability of both components were not affected. Finally, fibers of PGA/PCL were melt electro‐spun and their aqua‐degradation efficiency at 70°C were evaluated for 114 h, revealing a degradation ratio as high as ~90% and indicating that the introduction of low‐melting‐point PCL gave rise to the required aqua‐degradation properties of PGA in low‐temperature water environments.
Transient Photocurrent Responses of Sr1‐xCexTiO3 Perovskites Under Visible Light Illumination for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Kumar S. Vinod , Babu D. Prakash , Ponkumar S. , Uthrakumar R. , Kaviyarasu K. , Nivetha A. , Ahmad Muhammad Sheraz , Alam Mir Waqas
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study was to synthesize strontium titanate (Sr1‐xCexTiO3) doped with Ce3+ by solid state method. Its crystalline structure is Sr1‐xCexTiO3, and its bandgap ranges from ~3.3 to ~2.7 eV. In the photoluminescence of samples excited at 288 nm, the maximum emission of blue light was observed at 380 and 390 nm. Photocatalytic results show that dye molecules have a high absorbance, whereas their surface area is large. According to a line sweep voltammetric plot (LSV), illumination increases the current density by 0.4 μA cm−2 compared with dark conditions. It was demonstrated that the material changed from n‐type to p‐type under doping. Chronoamperometry spectra were obtained for sample Sr1‐xCexTiO3 (x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) when an electrical voltage of 0.8 V was applied versus NHE. The plots indicate an increase in the current density under “light ON” conditions and a decrease under “light OFF” conditions. As Ce3+ concentration increases, the photocurrent increases until about 3 mol%, after which it decreases abruptly.
Investigation of CuO/ITO Photoelectrode Fabricated by PVD for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Noor‐ul‐Ain  , Sharaf Mohamed , El‐Meligy Mohammad , Ahmad Nazir
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen and renewable fuels were generated using cost‐effective and efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting. In this work, a CuO‐based photocathode is used for the water splitting to generate hydrogen energy by PVD technique. The XRD analysis reveals the deposition of CuO thin film on ITO substrates, which is monoclinic. The XRD and LSV analysis of CuO confirmed the type of semiconductor and observed to be P‐type semiconductor. SEM study of CuO confirmed the shape, morphology to be a circular and regular shape. The grain size of deposited CuO thin film was found to be 18 nm. The absorption and transmission of CuO thin film were observed through UV spectroscopy analysis and were found to be better photocatalyst in visible range 415–425 nm. The transmittance of the prepared thin film was noted to be maximum 7.6% in the UV range (280–300 nm). The band gap was also measured employing the Tauc plot and found to be 2.98 eV, which is most favorable for water splitting application. FTIR study showed the stretching, vibration, and the functional group of the deposited CuO thin film; the broad band of stretching of Cu‐O in monoclinic CuO was observed at the range of 500–700 cm−1, and further peaks were also noted at the range of 1500–1600 cm−1. The linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) of CuO thin film was calculated in the absence of solar spectra and the presence of solar spectra and observed to be enhanced in current under solar spectra. The solar light to hydrogen emission percentage (STH %) of CuO through LSV was observed to be 2.04% under solar spectra. The low Nyquist curve of blank ITO and CuO‐coated ITO substrate via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis was observed, which confirmed the enhancement of EIS of CuO‐coated ITO. The hydrogen generation rate was also calculated by electrochemical cell and observed to be 5325.21 mol g−1 for 6 h.
Effective environmental strategy or illusory tactics? Corporate greenwashing and innovation willingness
Authors: Lu Jintao , Rong Dan , Eweje Gabriel , Yuan Xiaolin , Song Malin , Searcy Cory
Published: November 2024

Corporate greenwashing is an unethical environmental strategy that has received extensive attention from practitioners and academics; however, little is known about its influence on innovation willingness. The purpose of this study is to fill this important gap by exploring the influence mechanism of corporate greenwashing on innovation willingness through underperformance duration. Drawing on resource‐based theory, Homo economicus, and performance feedback theory, this study uses data of 610 Chinese A‐share listed heavily polluting companies (3819 company‐year observations) from 2013 to 2019. The results show that there is a significant inverted U‐shaped relationship between corporate greenwashing and innovation willingness, with underperformance duration partially mediating this relationship. The findings advance our understanding of the non‐economic consequences of corporate greenwashing, enrich the literature on corporate greenwashing and innovation willingness, and offer valuable insights for interdisciplinary studies between environmental strategy and corporate innovation. Practical implications provide policymakers with recommendations on how to prevent corporate greenwashing in environmental responsibility.
ZnxMnO2/PPy Nanowires Composite as Cathode Material for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Xue Yujia , Huo Jinghao , Wang Xin , Zhao Yuzhen
Published: November 2024

Over the past decade, the extensive consumption of finite energy resources has caused severe environmental pollution. Meanwhile, the promotion of renewable energy sources is limited by their intermittent and regional nature. Thus, developing effective energy storage and conversion technologies and devices holds considerable importance. Zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZISCs) merge the beneficial aspects of both supercapacitors and batteries, rendering them an exceptionally promising energy storage method. As an important cathode material for ZISCs, the tunnel structure MnO2 has poor conductivity and structural stability. Herein, the ZnxMnO2/PPy (ZMOP) electrode materials are prepared by hydrothermal method. Doping with Zn2+ is used to enhance its structural stability, while adding polypyrrole to improve its conductivity. Therefore, the fabricated ZMOP cathode presents superb specific capacity (0.1 A g−1, 156.4 mAh g−1) and remarkable cycle performance (82.6%, 5000 cycles, 0.2 A g−1). Furthermore, the assembled aqueous ZISCs with ZMOP cathode and PPy‐derived porous carbon nanotube anode obtain a superb capacity of 109 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Meanwhile, at a power density of 867 W kg−1, the corresponding energy density can achieve 20 Wh kg−1. And over 5000 cycles at 0.2 A g−1, the cycle performance of ZISCs maintains at 86.4%, which exhibits excellent cycle stability. This suggests that ZMOP nanowires are potential cathode materials for superior‐performance aqueous ZISCs.
Antibacterial Activity, GC MS Analysis and In Silico Validation of Bioactive Compound from Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae EF‐9
Authors: Kavitha Kuppuswamy , Yuvaraj Udhayakumar , Rajalakshmi Arumugam , Suresh Gopal , Harini Manoharan , Prabakaran Vadivel , Bharathi Selvaraj , Puvanakrishnan Rengarajulu , Ramesh Balasubramanian
Published: November 2024

Secondary metabolites synthesized by endophytic fungi have garnered significant interest for their broad applications in treating various ailments. In this study involving 20 plant samples, 11 endophytic fungi were isolated and cultured, and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae EF‐9, derived from Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis, demonstrated greater antibacterial efficacy than the other isolated endophytes. Phylogenetic analyses using 18S rRNA gene confirmed the EF‐9 identity as L. pseudotheobromae. Following mass production, the active compound was partially purified using column chromatography. The fraction collected at the 60th min exhibited good antibacterial activity against Bacillus coagulans (MTCC 6735) and Shigella flexneri (ATCC 12022), with an inhibition zone of approximately 20 mm in diameter. UV spectral studies revealed a wide absorption band at 430 nm. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) of the active fraction showed a distinct peak with a retention time of 4.216 min at 430 nm. Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) identified the active compound in the L. pseudotheobromae EF‐9 culture broth extract as Bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, which displayed a peak at 16.856 min and covered 66.69 % of the area in the spectral analysis.
Chemical Information Network and Molecular Docking Inspire the Novel Indole Discovery Against Glioma from Tabernaemontana corymbosa
Authors: Peng Yun‐Lin , Song Da , Xue Yan , Han Wei , Liu Xia , Feng Ting‐Ting , Zhou Ying , Wei Xin
Published: November 2024

The alkaloid ingredients were considered to be responsible for the diverse pharmacological activities of the medicinal plant Tabernaemontana corymbosa (Roxb. ex Wall.). In the current finding, the systematic phytochemical investigation on T. corymbosa have been achieved. One new indole alkaloid tabercorympyline A (1) along with seven known indoles (2–8) were isolated from T. corymobsa. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic techniques and quantum chemical calculations. Tabercorympyline A (1) possessed the indole skeleton with rare N‐containing nine membered ring. Chemical information network was used to comprehensively discover the clues for the glioma therapeutic leads from T. corymbosa alkaloids (TA). Inspired by chemical information network analysis, all the isolated compounds have been further validated their anti glioma activities in glioma cell line U251. Interestingly, the compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on glioma cells in vitro. Molecular docking was ultimately used to indicate possible binding performance and mechanism between active compounds (2–3) and the core targets. This study sequentially assembled chemical information and network analysis, phytochemistry, molecular docking, and in vitro activity validation to comprehensively explore the effective compounds, related targets, and potential mechanisms of TA therapy for glioma.
Visual and Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Fiber‐Microbiota Interactions via Metabolic Labeling In Vivo
Authors: Xu Ningning , Lin Huibin , Lin Liyuan , Tang Mi , Zhang Zhidong , Yang Chaoyong , Wang Wei
Published: November 2024

Dietary fiber (DF)‐based interventions are crucial in establishing a health‐promoting gut microbiota. However, directly investigating DFs’ in vivo interactions with intestinal bacteria remains challenging due to the lack of suitable tools. Here, we develop an in vivo metabolic labeling‐based strategy, which enables not only imaging and identifying the bacteria that bind with specific DF in the intestines, but also quantifying DF's impact on their metabolic status. Four DFs, including galactan, rhamnogalacturonan and two inulins, are fluorescently derivatized and used for in vivo labeling to visually record DFs’ interactions with gut bacteria. The subsequent cell‐sorting, 16S rDNA sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization identify the taxa that bind each DF. We then select a DF‐binding species newly identified herein and verify its DF‐catabolizing capability in vitro. Furthermore, we find that the indigenous metabolic status of Gram‐positive bacteria, whether inulin‐binders or not, is significantly enhanced by the inulin supplement. This trend is not observed in Gram‐negative microbiota, even for the inulin‐binders, demonstrating the ability of our methods in differentiating the primary, secondary DF‐degraders from cross‐feeders, a question that is difficult to answer by using other methods. Our strategy provides a novel chemical biology tool for deciphering the complex DF‐bacteria interactions in the gut.
Effect of Different Tube Structures on Heat Transfer of Supercritical CO2 in Serpentine Micro‐Tubes
Authors: Lin Chaoqun , Yi Zhengming , Meng Qiu , Xu Yong
Published: November 2024

In order to understand the effect of different tube structures on the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO2 in heating serpentine micro‐tubes, five structures are investigated. At the same inlet Reynolds number, because the periodic disturbance frequency of boundary layer and centrifugal force decrease with the increase of curvature radius and the boundary layer thickens with the increase of tube diameter, the comprehensive heat transfer performance of serpentine micro‐tubes decreases with the increase of curvature radius and tube diameter. Gravitational buoyancy is independent of curvature radius but increases with the increase of tube diameter. Centrifugal force and centrifugal buoyancy decrease with the increase of curvature radius and tube diameter.
Bioreactor Engineering for Circular Economy: Bioactive Compound Production in Solid‐State Fermentation—Review
Authors: Gómez‐Ramos Gerardo A. , Prado‐Barragán Lilia A. , Rivera Brianda A. , Huerta‐Ochoa Sergio , Rivera Víctor M. , Couder‐García Moises , García‐Hernández Rocío de los Ángeles , Castillo‐Araiza Carlos O.
Published: November 2024

Solid‐state fermentation (SSF) has gained considerable attention due to its potential in the production of bioactive compounds from agroindustrial residues, aligning with circular economy targets. This review examines the core bases involved in SSF with a focus on bioreactor engineering. The review underlines the microorganisms metabolic activities under different operational conditions and focuses on engineering challenges encountered in designing packed‐bed bioreactors, including an analysis of the interaction between microbial growth kinetics and transport phenomena. Finally, given its essential role in the scaling‐up process, this review discusses mathematical modeling developed for SSF in packed‐bed bioreactors, establishing a foundation for the future development of more efficient, scalable, and sustainable SSF‐based applications.
Applying Metallo‐Organic Ligand Design Principles to the Stereoselective Synthesis of a Peptide‐Based Pd2L4X4 Cage
Authors: Brightwell Dominic F. , Samanta Kushal , Muldoon Jimmy , Fleming Patricia C. , Ortin Yannick , Mardiana Lina , Waddell Paul G. , Hall Michael J. , Clark Ewan R. , Fantuzzi Felipe , Palma Aniello
Published: November 2024

The rational and controlled synthesis of metallo‐organic cages using polyaromatic ligands is well established in the literature. There is a strong interest to advance this field towards the use of chiral ligands capable of yielding cages in a stereoselective manner. Herein, we demonstrate that the classical approach for designing metallo‐organic cages can be translated to polyproline peptides, a biocompatible class of chiral ligands. We have successfully designed a series of polyprolines, which mimic the topology of ditopic polyaromatic ligands, to achieve the stereoselective synthesis of a novel Pd lantern cage. This cage exhibits excellent stability in water and demonstrates the stabilization of a highly reactive species in solution. This work will pave the way towards the stereospecific synthesis of more complex, functionalized peptide‐based metallo‐cages.
Bispecific Thio‐Linked Disaccharides as Inhibitors of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Lectins LecA (PA‐IL) and LecB (PA‐IIL): Dual‐Targeting Strategy
Authors: Faltinek Lukáš , Melicher Filip , Kelemen Viktor , Mező Erika , Borbás Anikó , Wimmerová Michaela
Published: November 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prevalent opportunistic human pathogen, particularly associated with cystic fibrosis. Among its virulence factors are the LecA and LecB lectins. Both lectins play an important role in the adhesion to the host cells and display cytotoxic activity. In this study, we successfully synthesized hardly hydrolysable carbohydrate ligands targeting these pathogenic lectins, including two bispecific glycans. The interactions between LecA/LecB lectins and synthetic glycans were evaluated using hemagglutination (yeast agglutination) inhibition assays, comparing their efficacy with corresponding monosaccharides. Additionally, the binding affinities of bispecific glycans were assessed using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Structural insight into the lectin‐ligand interaction was obtained by determining the crystal structures of LecA/LecB lectins in complex with one of the bispecific ligands using X ray crystallography. This comprehensive investigation into the inhibitory potential of synthetic glycosides against P. aeruginosa lectins sheds light on their potential application in antimicrobial therapy.
One‐step Macrocycle‐to‐Macrocycle Conversion Towards Two New Macrocyclic Arenes with Different Structures and Properties
Authors: Han Xiao‐Ni , Long Yu‐Jie , Guo Wei‐Chen , Han Ying , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: November 2024

Two new macrocyclic arenes H1 and H2 were conveniently synthesized by the one‐step reaction of carboxylic acid substituted octopus[3]arene. It was found that H1 was composed of three ethenoanthracene subunits with a rigid hexagonal structure and H2 contained two ethenoanthracene subunits and one anthracene subunit with a rigid house‐shaped structure. Among them, H2 exhibited strong blue fluorescence due to the existence of an anthracene subunit. Moreover, both H1 and H2 showed large and electron‐rich cavities, which enable them to effectively complex different nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic salt guests in solution and the solid state. It was further found that H2 exhibited stronger complexation towards the tested guests than H1 probably due to the stronger charge‐transfer interactions between H2 and the guests.
Multiwavelength Optical Rotation Detection: An Effective Approach for the Recognition of Analytical and Semi‐Preparative HPLC Enantioseparation of the Chiral Pheromone Olean and Its Stereochemical Characterization
Authors: Mammone Francesca Romana , Sadutto Daniele , Cirilli Roberto
Published: November 2024

Olean is the chiral spiroacetal sex pheromone of the female olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae. Laboratory tests have demonstrated that the (R)‐(−)‐olean enantiomer is active on males, whereas females respond to (S)‐(+)‐olean. Here we present the first HPLC enantioseparation of olean using polysaccharide derivatives as chiral stationary phases and a polarimetric detector equipped with a micro‐flow cell capable of detecting optical rotation at six different wavelengths. Unlike blind UV detection, the polarimetric detector allows the chiral spiroacetal, which lacks a chromophore, to be detected as bisegnate peaks, indicating the opposite sign of the optical rotation. The HPLC enantioseparation was optimized on the coated type amylose‐based Chiralpak AS‐H CSP using a mobile phase consisting of n‐hexane‐2‐propanol 99.99:0.01 (v/v). These conditions were scaled up to a semi‐preparative level and allowed resolution of 2.5 mg of racemic sample in 5 min. Multiwavelength optical rotation detection during HPLC enantioseparation of racemic samples provides a direct readout of the stereochemistry of olean and allows tracking of virtual optical rotation dispersion curves without the need for preliminary collection of enantiomeric samples by semi‐preparative HPLC.
Spatially Resolved Measurements in a Stagnation‐Flow Reactor: Kinetics of Catalytic NH3 Decomposition
Authors: Davari Sadaf , Cárdenas Camilo , Hettel Matthias , Lott Patrick , Tischer Steffen , Angeli Sofia , Deutschmann Olaf
Published: November 2024

A stagnation‐flow reactor was employed to investigate the decomposition of ammonia over a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst across a range of system pressures and ammonia mole fractions. The results indicate that the system pressure has a negligible impact on the light‐off behavior and the concentration profiles of NH₃. A comparison of 1D modelling with 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computations justifies the use of the simpler flow model. Good agreement between experiments and the 1D simulation is achieved for two different kinetic models from literature in the mainly diffusion‐controlled regime. For lower temperatures, at which the process is kinetically controlled, the two mechanisms exhibit significant differences. The stagnation‐flow reactor concept is shown to be a promising tool for understanding, developing, and validating the reaction kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic processes.
Catalytic Enantioselective Functionalization of Maleimides: An Update
Authors: Amatore Muriel , Bonne Damien , Constantieux Thierry , Rodriguez Jean
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Maleimide derivatives are well‐established reactive intermediates also found in natural products, synthetic pharmaceuticals and functional polymers. Their specific reactivity found widespread applications in the field of bioconjugation and allowed for the development of highly selective functionalizations based on simple additions and cycloadditions with the possible control of central and C–N axial chirality. These multisite‐reactive scaffolds have aroused a long‐standing interest throughout the scientific community more particularly as powerful electrophilic partners and more recently as nucleophilic partners in some specific transformations. The persistent interest in these easily accessible synthetic platforms over the last decade has enabled the development of new enantioselective transformations and the major advancements in this field are presented in this review.

Key Scientists
A Comparison Between Culprit Versus Complete Revascularization in Diabetic Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Aslanabadi Naser , Mashayekhi Sina , Rezvani Maziar , Abdollahzadeh Ali , Hajialigol Amirhossein
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The benefit of complete revascularization in diabetic patients with myocardial infarction remains unclear. this study aims to find the optimal strategy of total vascular repair for diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods

In an analysis of a cohort, we assigned diabetic patients with myocardial infarction who were undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the culprit lesion to receive either staged complete revascularization of nonculprit lesions or to receive no further revascularization in Madani Hospital (Tabriz, Iran). Functionally significant nonculprit lesions were identified either by angiography. The primary outcome was rates of readmission, cardiac deaths, nonfatal myocardial re‐infarction, and overall mortality at 1 year.

Results

In our center, a total of 1186 patients underwent primary‐PCI treatment, among which 521 were diagnosed with diabetes. Ultimately, 393 patients were selected for inclusion in the study. Within this cohort, 271 individuals (68.9%) underwent repair of only the culprit vessels (group 1), while 122 individuals (31.1%) received a comprehensive staged restoration of the vessels (group 2). During this time, group 1 in comparison with group 2 experienced 204 (75.3%) versus 97 (79.5%) cases of readmission, 48 (17.7%) versus 8 (6.5%) instances of cardiac death, 22 (8.1%) versus 18 (14.7%) occurrences of nonfatal myocardial re‐infarction. Notably, the incidence of cardiac death in group 2 were significantly lower than that in group 1 (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

For individuals diagnosed with diabetes, staged complete revascularization demonstrated a lower frequency of readmission, cardiac deaths, nonfatal myocardial reinfarction, and overall mortality, in contrast to revascularization that targeted only the culprit lesion.
Solvent Free Ambient Pressure CO2 Cycloaddition Catalyzed by Cobalt‐Impregnated 2D‐Nanofibrous COFs
Authors: Ullah Habib , Ullah Zakir , Khattak Zafar A. K. , Tahir Muhammad , Kang Eunji , Verpoort Francis , You Kim Hyun
Published: November 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constitute an evolving class of permanently porous and ordered materials, and they have recently attracted increased interest due to their intriguing morphological features and numerous applications in gas storage, adsorption, and catalysis. However, their low aqueous stabilities and tedious syntheses generally hamper their use in heterogeneous catalysis. Nonetheless, a capable and water‐stable heterogeneous catalytic system for coupling CO2/epoxides to generate industrially important cyclic carbonates is still of great interest. Herein, exceedingly water‐ and thermally stable 2D‐cobalt‐impregnated hydrazone‐linked fibrous COFs are reported as a catalyst for CO2/epoxide coupling reactions at ambient pressure. The functionalized cobalt (Co)‐doped COFs demonstrated excellent catalytic activities with the high TONs (80925) and TOFs (6466 h−1), outperforming reported heterogeneous catalysts for CO2/epoxide coupling at ambient pressure. We found that the Co2+ ions within the COF matrix catalyze CO2 cycloaddition through density functional theory calculations. We also confirmed the excellent structural stability and consistent activity of Co‐doped COFs up to ten repeating cycles.
Offset Compensation Network: Improving the Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Costa Amorim Álvaro Lúcio , Santos Peixoto Bárbara , Fagner Cupertino Allan , Martins Stopa Marcelo , Augusto Pereira Heverton , Teodorescu Remus
Published: November 2024

Recently, battery energy storage systems (BESS) have gained importance due to the growing introduction of intermittent renewable energy power plants. Although BESS already has multiple applications, the current standard approach presents several drawbacks aggravated by the second‐life batteries use. In order to deal with this issue, the literature proposes the integration of dc/dc converters in the batteries, an approach known as smart battery. However, due to the different capacities of the batteries, the conventional control of smart battery packs does not guarantee a constant dc‐link voltage, because during operation, some dc/dc converters can reach their physical voltage limit. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm called offset compensation network (OCN) that guarantees constant dc‐link voltage even when there are saturated converters. Simulations in software PLECS and hardware‐in‐the‐loop experiments validate the proposal. The results prove the improvement of the technology as the possibility to operate with fixed dc‐link voltage, enabling the use of second‐life batteries, OCN algorithm reduces the SOC balancing time in 6.25% and avoids dc‐link voltage variations during the balancing process. Finally, this technology is fully compatible with current power conversion systems, allowing an easy retrofit of standard BESS.
Improved identification of clinically relevant Acute Leukemia subtypes using standardized EuroFlow panels versus non‐standardized approach
Authors: Terra Rafik , Éthier Vincent , Busque Lambert , Morin‐Quintal Ariane , D'Angelo Giovanni , Hébert Josée , Wang Xuehai , Lépine Guylaine , LeBlanc Richard , Bergeron Julie
Published: November 2024

Rare acute leukemia (AL) components or subtypes such as blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) or early T‐cell precursor acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ETP‐ALL) can be difficult to detect by routine flow cytometry due to their immunophenotypes overlapping with other poorly differentiated AL. We hypothesized that using standardized EuroFlow™ Consortium approach could better diagnose such entities among cases that previously classified as acute myeloid leukemia (AML)‐M0, AML with minimal differentiation, AML with myelodysplasia‐related changes without further lineage differentiation, and AL of ambiguous lineage. In order to confirm this hypothesis and assess whether these AL subtypes such as BPDCN and ETP‐ALL had previously gone undetected, we reanalyzed 49 banked cryopreserved sample cases using standardized EuroFlow™ Consortium panels. We also performed target sequencing to capture the mutational commonalities between these AL subtypes. Reanalysis led to revised or refined diagnoses for 23 cases (47%). Of these, five diagnoses were modified, uncovering 3 ETP‐ALL and 2 typical BPDCN cases. In 12 AML cases, a variable proportion of immature plasmacytoid dendritic cell and/or monocytic component was newly identified. In one AML case, we have identified a megakaryoblastic differentiation. Finally, in five acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases, we were able to more precisely determine the maturation stage. The application of standardized EuroFlow flow cytometry immunophenotyping improves the diagnostic accuracy of ALs and could impact treatment decisions.