bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Market of Measurement: Data, Quality, and Competition
Authors: Grek Sotiria
Published: November 2023

This chapter discusses the rise of a market of measurement over the last decade, as IOs and other data agencies compete for the production of datasets and measures that will become most popular and thus win over other measurement ‘products’. The production of data to support comparative assessment and evaluation is one of IOs’ key organisational remits; therefore, they have vested interests in promoting the implementation of their measures over those of others. Consequently, what we observe is not collaboration towards the construction of the most robust measures but rather a navigation of the market of measurement; this has often led to conflicts and controversies over statistical data collection, as well as market ‘inefficiencies’ and contestations.
Quantification and Utopia: New Forms of Expert Knowledge Production in Global Education Governance
Authors: Grek Sotiria
Published: November 2023

This concluding chapter brings together the five different strands of the empirical and theoretical analysis developed in previous chapters. It argues for a novel perspective of the role of quantification in the production of education utopias. The chapter discusses the ways that metrological realism has constructed a well-supported epistemic infrastructure, built on relationships and practices that go beyond the mere objectivity and reliability of numerical evidence; rather, quantification has led to ideational and institutional interdependencies that have produced an intricate, fragmented and opaque knowledge and governance web.
Dynamic estimates of survival in oncocytic cell carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Shi Yang , Zheng Yuenan , Zhang Hao , Dong Wenwu , Zhang Ping
Published: November 2023

Background

Little is known about death hazard and conditional survival of oncocytic cell carcinoma of the thyroid (OCC).

Methods

Patients diagnosed with OCC between 2004 to 2019 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the actuarial disease-specific survival (DSS). The annual hazard rate of death was depicted employing the hazard function. Based on the life-table method, the conditional DSS was calculated.

Results

In terms of DSS rates, there were statistically significant differences among the different stages (P < 0.01). Annual hazard curves for mortality from OCC in the entire study participants demonstrated an overall decreasing tendency with two peaks at 3 and 10 years. In patients with distant disease, the death risk curve was the steepest and decreased quickly and evidently. Conditional DSS tended to increase over time in the entire study population. Patients with distant disease showed more significant alterations than those patients with local or regional disease.

Conclusions

Prognosis improved over time in patients with OCC. The largest increase in conditional DSS was observed in patients with distant disease. Conditional survival may provide more relevant prognostic information than conventional survival estimates and allow personalized follow-up and counseling.
Quantifying the impacts of urbanization on urban green, evidences from Maga City, Lahore Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Ateeq ur , Aziz Asad , Anwar Muhammad Mushahid , Majeed Muhammad , Albanai Jasem A. , Almohamad Hussein , Abdo Hazem Ghassan
Published: November 2023

Globally, green spaces are considered as a fundamental part of biodiversity to balance the environment in an ecosystem particularly in urban areas. Contrary to this, urban green is declining in the least developing nations particularly due to rapid urbanization. This impact alter the condition of environmental services in term of non-provision and insufficient urban green spaces for the local population. This study takes Shahdara Town as an area of interest that is a congested urban area of Lahore Pakistan, and currently facing social injustice in terms of a dense urban area with few green spaces. The study uses Geographical Information Science for the identification of green spaces, calculation of their total area, and quantification of green cover extent by using NDVI, to comparing them with population to analyzed the environmental justice. To check the social perspective of the population regarding green areas and their importance among urban people, a comparison has been made with the presence of parks in the area, their association with living conditions and quality of life of locals. This social prospective was investigated by applying the Multiple Linear Regression Model (MLRM) by taking the availability of park/urban green in area as dependent variable and accessibility to parks, its total distance from a house, and frequency of visit as independent variables. The resultant analysis shows that according to international standards, per capita green spaces are less in this town, of Lahore. This imbalance provision of environmental services is a challenging task, for policymakers and a hurdle for urban sustainability. Finally, the outcomes of the research provide a documented base evidence and social analysis for environmental sustainability in terms of provisions of environmental services for the urban dwellers in the region.
Comparing IRT properties among different category numbers: a case from attitudinal measurement on physics education research
Authors: Santoso Purwoko Haryadi , Setiawati Farida Agus , Ismail Raoda , Suhariyono Suhariyono
Published: November 2023

Collapsing different category numbers within attitudinal measurement on learning and instruction can be an option of physics education research (PER) scholars while interpreting categorical responses from participants. Psychometric evaluation of the different category numbers, however, has inconclusive results to date. Item response theory (IRT) offers psychometric framework at the item level that has been approached in this study to explore psychometric properties of five different number of categories. One thousand artificial data within five number of categories were generated based on the underlying marginal distribution and the inter item correlation matrix. Statistical parameters [item estimates and test information functions (TIFs)] from Graded Response Model (GRM) were employed to describe the psychometric behaviors of the studied category numbers. Our findings demonstrated that the discrimination index among the five category numbers remained constant. Global fit indices had no distinguishable information to differentiate the varying category numbers. Based on the item location and TIF, our results confirmed previous works that more information will be raised by the greater number of categories. The implication intended by this study should offer a key recommendation for a case from attitudinal measurement on the PER community or even beyond the psychometric field.
Knowledge in real-world contexts: not glamorous, but indispensable
Authors: Rich Patricia
Published: November 2023

During the past several decades, many epistemologists have argued for and contributed to a paradigm shift according to which knowledge is central to assertion, action, and interaction. This general position stands in sharp contrast to several recently developed accounts regarding specific epistemic contexts. These specific accounts resist applying traditional epistemic norms, including strong knowledge norms, to real-world situations of interest. In particular, I consider recent arguments about the epistemic standards for scientific pronouncements, expert testimony in a political context, and interactive reasoning. I argue, firstly, that knowledge does have a crucial role to play in each case, contrary to appearances. Clarifying the role of knowledge fills gaps in our understanding left open by the existing accounts. Secondly, I show that combining the insights from the knowledge-centric approach and from the more specific accounts provides a new perspective on the open problem of developing an account of knowledge-based decisions. Specifically, I argue that the biggest open problem regarding knowledge-based decisions is not how we respond to uncertainty, but rather how we assess the relevance of our many disparate pieces of knowledge, choosing which to integrate, and how. A strong case emerges for a procedural solution to this part of the problem of how to make knowledge-based decisions.
Margaret Bonds: The Montgomery Variations and Du Bois Credo
Authors: Cooper John Michael
Published: November 2023

In her lifetime, African American composer Margaret Bonds was classical music's most intrepid social-justice activist. Furthermore, her Montgomery Variations (1964) and setting of W.E.B. Du Bois's iconic Civil Rights Credo (1965-67) were the musical summits of her activism. These works fell into obscurity after Bonds's death, but were recovered and published in 2020. Since widely performed, they are finally gaining a recognition long denied. This incisive book situates The Montgomery Variations and Credo in their political and biographical contexts, providing an interdisciplinary exploration that brings notables including Harry Burleigh, W.E.B. and Shirley Graham Du Bois, Martin Luther King, Jr., Abbie Mitchell, Ned Rorem, and – especially – Langston Hughes into the works' collective ambit. The resulting brief, but instructive, appraisal introduces readers to two masterworks whose recovery is a modern musical milestone – and reveals their message to be one that, though born in the mid-twentieth century, speaks directly to our own time.
China's Gambit
Authors: Zhang Ketian
Published: November 2023

Emerging from an award-winning article in International Security, China's Gambit examines when, why, and how China attempts to coerce states over perceived threats to its national security. Since 1990, China has used coercion for territorial disputes and issues related to Taiwan and Tibet, yet China is curiously selective in the timing, target, and tools of coercion. This book offers a new and generalizable cost-balancing theory to explain states' coercion decisions. It demonstrates that China does not coerce frequently and uses military coercion less when it becomes stronger, resorting primarily to non-militarized tools. Leveraging rich empirical evidence, including primary Chinese documents and interviews with Chinese and foreign officials, this book explains how contemporary rising powers translate their power into influence and offers a new framework for explaining states' coercion decisions in an era of economic interdependence, particularly how contemporary global economic interdependence affects rising powers' foreign security policies.
Ephorus of Cyme and Greek Historiography
Authors: Parmeggiani Giovanni
Published: November 2023

Ephorus of Cyme, who lived in the fourth century BC, is one of the most important historians of antiquity whose work has not survived and, according to Polybius, was the first to have written a universal history. His lost Histories are known from numerous 'fragments', that is, quotations by later authors such as Polybius, Diodorus, Strabo and Plutarch, among others. Through a study of these 'fragments' within their broader context, Giovanni Parmeggiani throws new light on the methodology of Ephorus and both the contents and the purpose of his work. By changing our perspective on a major Greek historian between Thucydides and Polybius, this book fills a significant gap in the field, and sets the basis for a new conception of the history of ancient Greek historiography and the Greek intellectual development in general.
Promoting equity, inclusion, and efficiency: A team science approach to the development of authorship guidelines for a multi-disciplinary research team
Authors: Lewis Hannah , Biesecker Barbara , Lee Sandra Soo-Jin , Anderson Katherine , Joseph Galen , Jenkins Charisma L. , Bulkley Joanna E. , Leo Michael C. , Goddard Katrina A. B. , Wilfond Benjamin S.
Published: November 2023

Large research teams and consortia present challenges for authorship. The number of disciplines involved in the research can further complicate approaches to manuscript development and leadership. The CHARM team, representing a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional genomics implementation study, participated in facilitated discussions inspired by team science methodologies. The discussions were centered on team members’ past experiences with authorship and perspectives on authorship in a large research team context. Team members identified challenges and opportunities that were used to create guidelines and administrative tools to support manuscript development. The guidelines were organized by the three values of equity, inclusion, and efficiency and included eight principles. A visual dashboard was created to allow all team members to see who was leading or involved in each paper. Additional tools to promote equity, inclusion, and efficiency included providing standardized project management for each manuscript and making “concept sheets” for each manuscript accessible to all team members. The process used in CHARM can be used by other large research teams and consortia to equitably distribute lead authorship opportunities, foster coauthor inclusion, and efficiently work with large authorship groups.
Local convergence of critical Galton–Watson trees
Authors: Bouaziz Aymen
Published: November 2023

We study the local convergence of critical Galton–Watson trees under various conditionings. We give a sufficient condition, which serves to cover all previous known results, for the convergence in distribution of a conditioned Galton–Watson tree to Kesten’s tree. We also propose a new proof to give the limit in distribution of a critical Galton–Watson tree, with finite support, conditioned on having a large width.
Protecting the Rights of Children and Young People in Detention: Evaluating Credibility and Effectiveness of Human Rights Monitoring Bodies
Authors: Naylor Bronwyn
Published: November 2023

The need to protect the rights of children and young people in detention is the subject of a recent United Nations study (Nowak 2019) and is highlighted by national and international controversies. This article examines the role of external monitoring in preventing the ill-treatment of children and young people in detention. Australia has until recently shown limited interest in protecting the rights of people in detention, but, in 2017, it finally ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment (OPCAT). This article examines Australia’s steps to ensuring the effective monitoring of the rights of people in detention, specifically the rights of children and young people in criminal justice detention. As a federal state, Australia must establish a comprehensive network of monitoring bodies constituting OPCAT’s National Preventive Mechanism across nine jurisdictions and with a range of existing monitoring bodies. This article highlights the importance of the “monitoring of monitoring” to ensure the fair treatment of children and young people in correctional detention. It identifies factors relevant to the effectiveness and credibility of child-centered monitoring processes and analyzes the opportunities for maximizing both in the Australian context and globally.
Mercury speciation in selenium enriched wheat plants hydroponically exposed to mercury pollution
Authors: Manivannan Nithyapriya , Subirana Maria Angels , Boada Roberto , Marini Carlo , Llugany Mercè , Valiente Manuel , Simonelli Laura
Published: November 2023

Mercury (Hg) pollution in agricultural soils and its potential pathway to the human food chain can pose a serious health concern. Understanding the pathway of Hg in plants and how the speciation may change upon interaction with other elements used for biofortification can be critical to assess the real implications for the final plant-based product. In that respect, selenium (Se) biofortification of crops grown in Se-poor soil regions is becoming a common practice to overcome Se deficient diets. Therefore, it is important to assess the interplay between these two elements since Se may form complexes with Hg reducing its bioavailability and toxicity. In this work, the speciation of Hg in wheat plants grown hydroponically under the presence of Hg (HgCl2) and biofortified with Se (selenite, selenate, or a 1:1 mixture of both) has been investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Hg L3-edge. The main Hg species found in wheat grains was the highly toxic methylmercury. It was found that the Se-biofortification of wheat did not prevent, in general, the Hg translocation to grains. Only the 1:1 mixture treatment seemed to have an effect in reducing the levels of Hg and the presence of methylmercury in grains.
Short-term evidence of partner-induced performance biases in simultaneous and alternating dyad practice in golf
Authors: Scott Matthew W. , Howard Jonathan , Karlinsky April , Mehta Aneesha , Welsh Timothy N. , Hodges Nicola J.
Published: November 2023

Actions in social settings are often adapted based on co-actors. This adaptation can occur because one actor “co-represents” the actions and plans of another. Co-representation can result in motor contagion errors, whereby another’s actions unintentionally interfere with (negatively impact) the actor. In sports, practice often takes place simultaneously or alternating with a partner. Co-representation of another’s task could either harm or benefit skill retention and transfer, with benefits due to variable experiences and effortful processes in practice. Here, dyad groups that either alternated or simultaneously practiced golf putting to different (near vs. far) targets were compared to alone groups (n = 30/group). We focused on errors in distance from the target and expected overshooting for near-target partners paired with far-target partners (and undershooting for far-target partners paired with near-target partners), when compared to alone groups. There was evidence of co-representation for near-target partners paired with far-target partners. We also saw trial-to-trial error-based adjustments based on a partner’s outcome in alternating dyads. Despite differences in practice between dyad and alone groups, these did not lead to costs or benefits at retention or transfer. We conclude that the social-context of motor learning impacts behaviours of co-actors, but not to the detriment of overall learning.
A shift towards broader and less persistent Southern Hemisphere temperature anomalies
Authors: Karbi Itamar , Chemke Rei
Published: November 2023

Temperature anomalies considerably influence the regional climate and weather of the extratropics. By the end of this century, climate models project an intensification of synoptic temperature variability in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. This intensification, however, comprises temperature anomalies with various length scales and periods, which might respond differently to anthropogenic emissions. Here, we find a shift, in coming decades, towards spatially larger and less persistent temperature anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. A shift towards larger length scales is also found during regional extreme heat events. The shift in length scale and duration is found to stem from changes in the meridional heat flux of atmospheric perturbations. Our results emphasize the importance of investigating the length scale and period-dependent changes in the mid-latitude climate, to prevent masking the different impacts of various length scales and periods, and thus provide more accurate climate projections for the mid-latitudes.
Plasmonic bimetallic two-dimensional supercrystals for H2 generation
Authors: Herran Matias , Juergensen Sabrina , Kessens Moritz , Hoeing Dominik , Köppen Andrea , Sousa-Castillo Ana , Parak Wolfgang J. , Lange Holger , Reich Stephanie , Schulz Florian , Cortés Emiliano
Published: November 2023

Sunlight-driven H2 generation is a central technology to tackle our impending carbon-based energy collapse. Colloidal photocatalysts consisting of plasmonic and catalytic nanoparticles are promising for H2 production at solar irradiances, but their performance is hindered by absorption and multiscattering events. Here we present a two-dimensional bimetallic catalyst by incorporating platinum nanoparticles into a well-defined supercrystal of gold nanoparticles. The bimetallic supercrystal exhibited an H2 generation rate of $$139\,{\mathrm{mmol}}\,{\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{cat}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$$

139

mmol

g

cat

−
1

h

−
1

via formic acid dehydrogenation under visible light illumination and solar irradiance. This configuration makes it possible to study the interaction between the two metallic materials and the influence of this in catalysis. We observe a correlation between the intensity of the electric field in the hotspots and the boosted catalytic activity of platinum nanoparticles, while identifying a minor role of heat and gold-to-platinum charge transfer in the enhancement. Our results demonstrate the benefits of two-dimensional configurations with optimized architecture for liquid-phase photocatalysis.
Signatures of a Majorana-Fermi surface in the Kitaev magnet Ag3LiIr2O6
Authors: Heath Joshuah T. , Bahrami Faranak , Lee Sangyun , Movshovich Roman , Chen Xiao , Tafti Fazel , Bedell Kevin
Published: November 2023

Detecting Majorana fermions in experimental realizations of the Kitaev honeycomb model is often complicated by non-trivial interactions inherent to potential spin liquid candidates. In this work, we identify several distinct thermodynamic signatures of massive, itinerant Majorana fermions within the well-established analytical paradigm of Landau-Fermi liquid theory. We find a qualitative and quantitative agreement between the salient features of our Landau-Majorana liquid theory and the Kitaev spin liquid candidate Ag3LiIr2O6. Our study presents strong evidence for a Fermi liquid-like ground state in the fundamental excitations of a honeycomb iridate, and opens new experimental avenues to detect itinerant Majorana fermions in condensed matter systems.
Efficient elimination of MELAS-associated m.3243G mutant mitochondrial DNA by an engineered mitoARCUS nuclease
Authors: Shoop Wendy K. , Lape Janel , Trum Megan , Powell Alea , Sevigny Emma , Mischler Adam , Bacman Sandra R. , Fontanesi Flavia , Smith Jeff , Jantz Derek , Gorsuch Cassandra L. , Moraes Carlos T.
Published: November 2023

Nuclease-mediated editing of heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) seeks to preferentially cleave and eliminate mutant mtDNA, leaving wild-type genomes to repopulate the cell and shift mtDNA heteroplasmy. Various technologies are available, but many suffer from limitations based on size and/or specificity. The use of ARCUS nucleases, derived from naturally occurring I-CreI, avoids these pitfalls due to their small size, single-component protein structure and high specificity resulting from a robust protein-engineering process. Here we describe the development of a mitochondrial-targeted ARCUS (mitoARCUS) nuclease designed to target one of the most common pathogenic mtDNA mutations, m.3243A>G. mitoARCUS robustly eliminated mutant mtDNA without cutting wild-type mtDNA, allowing for shifts in heteroplasmy and concomitant improvements in mitochondrial protein steady-state levels and respiration. In vivo efficacy was demonstrated using a m.3243A>G xenograft mouse model with mitoARCUS delivered systemically by adeno-associated virus. Together, these data support the development of mitoARCUS as an in vivo gene-editing therapeutic for m.3243A>G-associated diseases.
The open ocean kinetic energy cascade is strongest in late winter and spring
Authors: Schubert René , Vergara Oscar , Gula Jonathan
Published: November 2023

The oceanic kinetic energy cascade, the flux of kinetic energy between currents of different horizontal scales, shapes the structure of the global ocean circulation and the associated heat, salt, nutrient, and oxygen fluxes. Here, we show with a numerical ocean simulation that the surface geostrophic cascade can be estimated from satellite altimetry observations and present its regional distribution and seasonal cycle at scales of 40 to 150 km for large parts of the global ocean based on observations. The time-mean cascade is inverse (towards larger scales), strongest in large-scale current systems, and decreases with distance from these systems. In the open ocean, the inverse cascade is associated with a maximum in late winter at the smallest scales studied, which transitions to scales larger than 100 km within two to three months, consistent with the widespread absorption of mixed-layer eddies by mesoscale eddies in spring.
Carbohydrate polymer-supported metal and metal oxide nanoparticles for constructing electrochemical sensors
Authors: Zahran Moustafa
Published: November 2023

Metal- and metal oxide-carbohydrate polymers are considered a promising tool for electrochemical detection of biological analytes and water pollutants.
Multifunctional and self-healable conductive IPN hydrogels functionalized with reduced magnetite graphene oxide for an advanced flexible all in one solid-state supercapacitor
Authors: Rehman Tanzil ur , Shah Luqman Ali , Khan Mansoor
Published: November 2023

The all in one solid-state (AIOS) stretchable and flexible hydrogel electronic devices play a pivotal role in the development of elastic supercapacitors for energy storage and fast charging–discharging rates.
Miniaturized 3‐bit frequency‐reconfigurable monopole antenna with a meander line
Authors: Hu Xueyang , Liu Yun , Yang Yueyou
Published: November 2023

A novel 3‐bit frequency‐reconfigurable antenna (FRA) with miniaturized dimensions is realized with a meander line. The frequency reconfiguration of the antenna is achieved by introducing N Radio Frequency (RF) PIN diodes into the meander line. The related parts of the meander line with different lengths are bypassed or included into the antenna by switching on or off the diodes, resulting in 2N switchable size lengths of the antenna and equally spaced operating frequencies. A 3‐bit reconfigurable meander‐line antenna (N = 3) is designed, and the simulated and measured results agree well. The antenna provides 8 (23) independent and switchable states, with the operating frequencies covering a wide switchable frequency range from 1.04 to 1.51 GHz and the working bandwidths varying from 80 to 150 MHz. The number of working bandwidth states is maximized, considering the number of switches used. Moreover, the results reveal an acceptable peak gain of 1.59 dBi in terms of the miniaturized total dimension of 0.17 λg × 0.07 λg (λg is the guided wavelength at the lowest working frequency), which is more compact than several published FRAs.
Inkjet printed intelligent reflecting surface for indoor applications
Authors: Takimoto Kairi , Nakamura Kazutomo , Njogu Peter , Suzuki Kota , Sugimoto Masato , Fathnan Ashif , Kondo Takashi , Mori Masayuki , Anzai Daisuke , Wakatsuchi Hiroki
Published: November 2023

A passive, low‐cost, paper‐based intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is designed to reflect a signal in a desired direction to overcome non‐line‐of‐sight scenarios in indoor environments. The IRS is fabricated using conductive silver ink printed on paper with a specific nanoparticle arrangement, yielding a cost‐effective paper‐based IRS that can easily be mass‐produced. Full‐wave numerical simulation results were consistent with measurement results, demonstrating the IRS's ability to reflect incident waves into a desired nonspecular direction based on the inkjet‐printed design and materials.
Dynamic impedance model based two‐stage customized charging–navigation strategy for electric vehicles
Authors: Ji Chenlin , Yang Qiming , Wu Jiayu , Zhou Xinyang , Cong Leyao , Gu Dengke , Liu Youbo
Published: November 2023

With the continuously increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs), the mutual match between the distribution of charging resources and the spatial–temporal distribution of EV charging demands is becoming increasingly important. To address this, this paper proposes a novel two‐stage customized EV charging–navigation strategy. Building on previous research on the real‐time information from dynamic traffic networks, a personalized dynamic road impedance (PDRI) model is built to transform three main criteria (distance, time, and finance) affecting charging–navigation into comprehensive road impedance. In the first navigation stage, fast‐charging stations (FCSs) with the lowest overall objective are selected. In the second navigation stage, an improved Floyd–Warshall algorithm is utilized to identify the routes with the lowest personalized weight to the selected FCS in the PDRI model. Notably, the personalized preferences of EV drivers for the three primary criteria are considered in both stages of the navigation process. Finally, simulation results demonstrate a significant improvement in the degree of matching between charging navigation plans and drivers' personalized requirements, and a more balanced spatial–temporal distribution of EV charging demands among FCSs, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
A self‐constraint model predictive control method via air conditioner clusters for min‐level generation following service
Authors: Ma Yunfeng , Zhang Chao , Ding Bangkun , Mi Zengqiang
Published: November 2023

As renewable power generation increases in distribution networks, the real‐time power balance is becoming a tough challenge. Unlike simple peak‐load shedding or demand turn‐down scenarios, generation following (GF) requires persistent and precise control due to the temporal response performance of controlled resources. This motivates a comprehensive control design considering the temporal response limits and execution performance of air conditioner clusters (ACCs) when providing GF. Accordingly, this paper proposes a self‐constraint model predictive control (SMPC) that properly allocates the generation following task among different ACCs, consisting of three main parts: response rehearsal, distributed consistency‐based power allocation, and real‐time task execution. Specifically, the rehearsal knowledge of ACCs is evaluated by introducing model predictive control (MPC) to track power signals with different values and thus obtain prior factors, including the upward/downward limits and control cost function. On this basis, the coherence of the incremental response costs of different clusters is achieved to allocate the GF signals. Once the optimised following signals (OFS) are obtained, a real‐time MPC for generation following task execution is employed, where the OFS are used as reference and the upward/downward limits are used as constraints. Simulations are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Cardiac disease risk prediction using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Stonier Albert Alexander , Gorantla Rakesh Krishna , Manoj K
Published: November 2023

Heart attack is a life‐threatening condition which is mostly caused due to coronary disease resulting in death in human beings. Detecting the risk of heart diseases is one of the most important problems in medical science that can be prevented and treated with early detection and appropriate medical management; it can also help to predict a large number of medical needs and reduce expenses for treatment. Predicting the occurrence of heart diseases by machine learning (ML) algorithms has become significant work in healthcare industry. This study aims to create a such system that is used for predicting whether a patient is likely to develop heart attacks, by analysing various data sources including electronic health records and clinical diagnosis reports from hospital clinics. ML is used as a process in which computers learn from data in order to make predictions about new datasets. The algorithms created for predictive data analysis are often used for commercial purposes. This paper presents an overview to forecast the likelihood of a heart attack for which many ML methodologies and techniques are applied. In order to improve medical diagnosis, the paper compares various algorithms such as Random Forest, Regression models, K‐nearest neighbour imputation (KNN), Naïve Bayes algorithm etc. It is found that the Random Forest algorithm provides a better accuracy of 88.52% in forecasting heart attack risk, which could herald a revolution in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular illnesses.
Virtual network embedding method based on node delay perception
Authors: Wang Yaning , Zhi Hui
Published: November 2023

Wireless virtual network uses software defined network and network function virtualisation technologies to create multiple logically isolated virtual networks on a physical wireless network. Wireless virtual network can improve the utilisation of wireless resources to meet the requirements of different services. Delay is an important performance indicator, which has strict requirements for delay‐sensitive services such as video conferencing and online games. In this study, a virtual network embedding method based on node delay perception (VNE‐NDP) is proposed, which considers both the node and link resources as well as the embedding delay requirements of virtual networks. The virtual network embedding method based on node delay perception consists of two phases: virtual node embedding and virtual link embedding. In the virtual node embedding phase, a physical node sorting method based on node delay perception (PNS‐NDP) is proposed. In PNS‐NDP, the node deployment delay is introduced into the node sorting algorithm for the first time. The authors select candidate physical nodes for each virtual node according to their resource availability and delay performance, which can greatly reduce the VN embedding delay without sacrificing too much other performance. In the virtual link embedding phase, a shortest path algorithm with bandwidth and link deployment delay constraints to find feasible physical paths for each virtual link is used. In addition, the VN embedding (VNE) deployment time is set as a new evaluation index. Simulation results show that compared with other VNE methods, VNE‐NDP can achieve higher success rate, revenue‐to‐expenditure ratio, and lower deployment delay.
Estimated diameter increase from a 4S to a 6S hamstring graft configuration – A cadaveric study
Authors: Bourgeault-Gagnon Yoan , Leang Alexandre Keith , Bédard Sonia , Lebel Karina , Balg Frédéric , Vézina François
Published: November 2023

Purpose: Graft diameter in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions has been shown to influence the risk of failure. It is therefore important to be able to adjust the graft configuration to modify the diameter. To measure the impact of a 6-strand (6S) hamstring autograft configuration on graft diameter compared to the standard 4-strand (4S) configuration. Methods: Cadaveric study on 33 knees, using the usual hamstring graft harvesting technique. Semitendinosus and gracilis tendons were harvested and their length, width, and diameter were measured in 4S and 6S configurations separately by three evaluators. Results: 6S configuration leads to a median increase of 1.5 (range: 0.0–2.0) mm in diameter compared to 4S (p < 0.001). A graft diameter of more than 8 mm is attained in less than a third of 4S grafts within this population in comparison to 84% when the 6S configuration is used. Discussion: The 6S hamstring graft configuration increases the graft diameter by a median of 1.5 millimeters compared to the traditional 4S configuration. It can reliably be used to obtain an 8.5 mm graft diameter or more in cases where the semitendinosus measures at least 270.5 mm and the 4S configuration has a diameter of 7.5 mm or 8 mm. This information helps to better delineate the impact of a 6S configuration in a pre-operative or intra-operative setting to optimize the decisional process and surgical flow and to easily adapt the graft diameter.

Level of evidence: V (cadaveric study)
The Relationship Between Nurses' Sleep Quality and Their Tendency to Commit Medical Errors
Authors: Demir Gamze , Karadag Gülendam
Published: November 2023

Objective To examine the relationship between nurses' sleep quality and their tendency to commit medical errors.

Materials and Methods The research was conducted in a state hospital, a private hospital, and a university hospital in a province located in the west region of Turkey (n = 378 nurses) between September 2020 and October 2021. Data was collected using a sociodemographic data form, the Medical Error Tendency Scale in Nursing (METSN), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Verbal and written consent were obtained from the nurses who participated in the study. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews.

Results The mean score of the nurses was of 8.25 ± 4.81 on the PSQI and of 230.29 ± 14.15 on the METSN. A significant difference was found regarding age, marital status, level of schooling, weekly working hours, and the shift schedule of nurses and their sleep quality (p < 0.001). A significant difference was found regarding age, marital status, level of schooling, the hospital the nurses worked in, and the tendency to commit medical errors (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant negative and moderate correlation between the PSQI and METSN scores (p < 0.001; r = −0.548).

Conclusion The tendency of nurses to commit medical errors was determined as low, and their sleep quality was poor. We have also determined that, as the sleep quality worsened, the tendency of nurses to commit medical errors increased.
ZnO incorporated hybrid catalytic proton exchange membrane for H2 generation
Authors: Mishra Jay N. , Jha Priyanka A. , Jha Pardeep K. , Singh Parvin K. , Choudhary Suman Roy , Singh Prabhakar
Published: November 2023

Electrocatalytic proton exchange membranes (PEMs) represent a promising avenue for advancing the field of electrochemical energy conversion and storage by combining the proton-conducting function of PEMs with enhanced catalytic activity by incorporation of metal ions. Here, we systematically studied the ZnO-based metal-organic framework (MOF) and found the introduction of pegylated ZnO to the (diethyl methylamine)/(H2PO4) matrix to form the p-type conducting MOF membrane with a bandgap of 3.67 eV. This membrane not only has a high protonic conductivity of 0.027 S/cm at 300 K with a transference number >0.99 but also possesses high activity (Tafel slope ∼36 mV/decade). The high reaction kinetics supported by finite element modeling simulations shows its ability to produce efficient and sustainable hydrogen. Our results suggest high current density of 1.52 mA/cm2, a turn over frequency [H2 (s−1)] ∼0.474×1018s−1, and a stability of 168 h in neutral medium (pH = 7). This work will enhance new strategies for fabricating membranes with ionic liquid in order to get membranes with protonic conductivity along with high activity for large-scale water electrolysis.
Log-periodic gravitational-wave background beyond Einstein gravity
Authors: Calcagni Gianluca , Kuroyanagi Sachiko
Published: November 2023

Periodic patterns of logarithmic oscillations can arise in primordial curvature perturbation spectra and in the associated gravitational-wave background via different mechanisms. We show that, in the presence of log oscillations, the spectral shape of the stochastic background has a unique parametrization independent of its physical origin. We also show that this log-periodic modulation can be generated in any scenario beyond Einstein gravity endowed with an approximate discrete scale invariance, a symmetry typical of deterministic fractal spacetimes that could emerge in quantum gravity under certain conditions. We discuss how a log-oscillatory spectral shape arises from concrete inflationary models beyond Einstein gravity and the prospects for detection in Einstein Telescope and other next-generation gravitational-wave observatories. We find that these instruments will be sensitive to log-periodic features if the detection is made with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and that the error scales as

1

/

SNR

.
Carrier density dependent Auger recombination in c-plane (In,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells: insights from atomistic calculations
Authors: McMahon Joshua M , Kioupakis Emmanouil , Schulz Stefan
Published: November 2023

Understanding Auger recombination in (In,Ga)N-based quantum wells is of central importance to unravelling the experimentally observed efficiency ‘droop’ in modern (In,Ga)N light emitting diodes (LEDs). While there have been conflicting results in the literature about the importance of non-radiative Auger recombination processes for the droop phenomenon, it has been discussed that alloy fluctuations strongly enhance the Auger rate. However, these studies were often focused on bulk systems, not quantum wells, which lie at the heart of (In,Ga)N-based LEDs. In this study, we present an atomistic analysis of the carrier density dependence of the Auger recombination coefficients in (In,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells. The model accounts for random alloy fluctuations, the connected carrier localisation effects, and carrier density dependent screening of the built-in polarisation fields. Our studies reveal that at low temperatures and low carrier densities the calculated Auger coefficients are strongly dependent on the alloy microstructure. However, at elevated temperatures and carrier densities, where the localised states are starting to be saturated, the different alloy configurations studied give (very) similar Auger coefficients. We find that over the range of carrier densities investigated, the contribution of the electron-electron–hole related Auger process is of secondary importance compared to the hole-hole-electron process. Overall, for higher temperatures and carrier densities, our calculated total Auger coefficients are in excess of 10−31 cm6 s−1 and may reach 10−30 cm6 s−1, which, based on current understanding in the literature, is sufficient to result in a significant efficiency droop. Thus, our results are indicative of Auger recombination being an important contributor to the efficiency droop in (In,Ga)N-based light emitters even without defect-assisted processes.
Mitigating dust particle contamination in an afterglow plasma by controlled lifting with a DC electric field
Authors: Chaubey Neeraj , Goree J
Published: November 2023

Particle contamination due to plasma processing motivates the design of a method of electrically lifting particles in a time interval after a plasma’s power is turned off. Small solid dust particles have electric charges that are not frozen until a late stage of the plasma afterglow. Beyond that time, before they fall to a surface below and cause defects, particles can be lifted in a controlled manner by applying an appropriate direct-current (DC) electric field, as we demonstrate experimentally. A few milliseconds after an argon plasma’s capacitively coupled radio-frequency power is switched off, a vertical DC electric field is applied. Thereafter, video imaging shows that the falling of the particles is slowed or stopped altogether, depending on the magnitude of the upward electric force.
Comparison of magnetoimpedance behaviors in meander CoFeNiSiB amorphous ribbon for deformation sensing applications
Authors: Yang Zhen , Liu Mengyu , Luo Liming , Wang Zhenbao , Li Haihua , Sun Xuecheng , Xu Jun , Sun Xun , Lei Chong
Published: November 2023

In this work, micro-ribbon strips and meanders based on CoFeNiSiB amorphous ribbons were fabricated by using the lithography technique and chemical etching. Flat and curved holders with different radius of curvature were obtained via 3D printing techniques for GMI testing. Longitudinal and transverse GMI (LGMI and TGMI) behaviors of micro-ribbon sensors in different bending directions and degrees were systematically investigated. The results show the LGMI and TGMI effects of micro-ribbon meanders with one turn is most sensitive to bending. It can be used in the development of deformation sensors. In addition, there is a linear range of field in the LGMI and TGMI curves of micro ribbons under different bending conditions, and the sensitivity of micro-ribbon sensors shows no significant change in the range. In particular, the micro-ribbon meanders with three turns are the least sensitive to bending deformation and can be used to develop stable and flexible GMI sensors for wearable electronics devices.
Anisotropic properties of two-dimensional (2D) tin dihalide (SnX2, X = Cl, Br, I) monolayer binary materials
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Jeon Hwajun , Kumar Pushpendra , Trung Le Gia , Ahuja Rajeev , Gwag Jin Seog
Published: November 2023

This paper investigated the electronic properties and photoresponse of two-dimensional SnX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayer binary materials using computational techniques. The calculated band structure and density of states indicate that these are large band gap semiconducting materials with an indirect band gap. The studied chemical bonding mechanism shows the existence of the hybrid bonding of ionic and covalent bonds in these dihalide materials. The valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) edge positions are also estimated, using the concept of electronegativity and band gap, to investigate the photocatalytic activity of SnX2. Next, we investigated the polarization and energy-dependent dielectric and optical functions along the crystallographic axes of these materials in the linear response approach of the perturbing incident oscillating light field. These materials exhibit an anisotropic behavior of these functions, especially in the high-energy visible and low-energy ultraviolet (UV) regions. The absorption of incident light photons is very fast in SnI2 than SnBr2 and SnCl2 in the low-energy UV region. It demonstrates the higher absorption coefficient and optical conductivity in Snl2. The obtained average static refractive index of SnCl2 is comparable to that of glass (1.5), showing its application as transparent material. The low reflection coefficient, less than 20%, makes them superior for antireflection coating materials in the infrared and visible regions. The prominent energy loss peaks show the existence of plasmon resonances in these materials. The most of losses occur in the UV region. The investigated electronic and photoresponse properties indicate that these Sn-based dihalide materials are excellent for electronic devices and optoelectronic applications. Also, the calculated VB and CB edge positions with respect to the normal hydrogen electrode show the favorable water-splitting capability of these materials.
Hydrogenation of silicon-nanocrystals-embedded silicon oxide passivating contacts
Authors: Matsumi Masashi , Gotoh Kazuhiro , Wilde Markus , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Fukutani Katsuyuki , Usami Noritaka
Published: November 2023

We investigate the effect of hydrogen passivation of dangling bonds in silicon oxide passivating contacts with embedded silicon nanocrystals (NAnocrystalline Transport path in Ultra-thin dielectrics for REinforced passivation contact, NATURE contact). We first investigated the differences in electrical properties of the samples after hydrogen gas annealing and hydrogen plasma treatment (HPT). The results show that the NATURE contact was efficiently passivated by hydrogen after HPT owing to the introduction of hydrogen radicals into the structure. Furthermore, we examined the dependence of process parameters such as HPT temperature, duration, and H2 pressure, on the electrical properties and hydrogen depth profiles. As a result, HPT at 500 °C, 15 min, and 0.5 Torr resulted in a large amount of hydrogen inside the NATURE contact and the highest implied open-circuit voltage of 724 mV. Contact resistivity and surface roughness hardly increased when HPT was performed under the optimized condition, which only improved the passivation performance without deteriorating the electron transport properties of the NATURE contact.