bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doença de Chagas infantil em área rural do Nordeste brasileiro: risco de transmissão e reflexões sociais
Authors: De Santana Teles Weber , Silva Maria Hozana Santos , Santana Kleber Willer Coutinho , Madi Rubens Riscala , Jeraldo Veronica de Lourdes Sierpe , Melo Claudia Moura
Published: June 2015

A doença de Chagas infantil no Brasil tem apresentando um padrão de redução na soroprevalência em áreas sob o impacto de diferentes tempos de intervenção de controle. Estas intervenções, no entanto, são descontínuas e algumas vezes negligenciadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o risco de infecção infantil da doença de Chagas e delinear seus principais reflexos sociais em área rural endêmica, localizada no município de Itabaianinha/SE. O estudo foi realizado em 198 indivíduos na faixa etária de 1-14 anos de ambos os sexos, sem distinção étnica. Foram aplicados aos pais ou responsáveis pelas crianças o questionário utilizado pelo Programa de Controle da Doença de Chagas contendo informações sobre variáveis como gênero, faixa etária, grau de escolaridade, contato com triatomíneo, sintomas, entre outras. Paralelamente foram coletadas amostras de sangue das crianças e submetidas às técnicas de ELISA e imunofluorescência indireta. Das 198 crianças pesquisadas, 51,5% eram do sexo masculino e 48,5%, do sexo feminino. Sobre as variáveis de risco, 31.4% dos indivíduos relatam ter visto barbeiros no domicilio e 8.1% dizem ter-lo manipulado, 0.6% já realizaram transfusão sanguínea, 4.6% moram com algum chagásico, 70.7% possuem animal doméstico e 25,3% moram em habitação de pau a pique. Nenhuma das amostras submetidas à avaliação sorológica apresentou reatividade. As informações obtidas permitem um melhor entendimento dos aspectos sociais envolvidos no risco de transmissão do Trypanosoma cruzi que poderão contribuir para o desenvolvimento de efetivas estratégias de controle da doença de Chagas na região de Itabaianinha/SE.
Direito e Literatura: perspectiva transdisciplinar na abordagem de temas sociais e jurídicos
Authors: Santos Silvana Maria Pantoja
Published: June 2015

Direito e Literatura se interrelacionam no instante em que ambos têm  como foco a realidade: a literatura permite refletir acerca de fenômeno social a partir da verossimilhança, enquanto o Direito postula disciplinar as ações em sociedade. Diante disso, objetiva-se com este trabalho analisar a importância da relação entre Direito e Literatura, considerando que este modo de interação possibilita a reflexão sobre temas de interesse jurídico sob diferentes perspectivas, desencadeando a transdisciplinaridade nas formas de abordagens das práticas sociais e jurídicas.
A ampla possibilidade de adoção por casais homoafetivos face às recentes decisões dos tribunais superiores
Authors: Poli Luciana Costa , Fiúza César
Published: June 2015

O trabalho analisa a possibilidade de adoção conjunta por núcleos familiares formados por pessoas do mesmo sexo, considerando a decisão do STF na ADPF 132 e da ADI 4277, que atribui a essas uniões os efeitos jurídicos da união estável. Pretende-se, no presente trabalho, apresentar o instituto da adoção no Brasil a partir da concepção pluralista de família e buscar compreender o alcance da decisão do STF, debatendo alguns votos considerados controvertidos. Abordaremos ainda a formação da família contemporânea, buscando delinear um conceito de família que se aproxima dos ideários do Estado Democrático de Direito. O artigo buscará fazer uma releitura da família a partir da principiologia constitucional, em especial, os princípios da dignidade da pessoa humana, da liberdade, da isonomia, do tratamento não discriminatório, da pluralidade das formas familiares. Procurar-se-á defender, que a família formada por pares homossexuais merece ampla equiparação à união estável heterossexual. Apresenta-se a adoção como meio de se permitir o desenvolvimento da criança em um ambiente familiar saudável, dando azo ao princípio do melhor interesse da criança.
Constitucionalização dos direitos das mulheres no Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Salete Maria
Published: June 2015

O artigo analisa o processo de constitucionalização dos direitos das mulheres no Brasil e o apresenta como um desafio à incorporação da perspectiva de gênero no campo jurídico. Baseado na epistemologia feminista e na teoria da Constituição como ciência cultural, o trabalho evidencia a luta política de mais da metade da população brasileira pelo reconhecimento de suas demandas jurídicas, enfatizando a ação feminina na última Assembleia Nacional Constituinte. Expõe, ainda, o caráter androcêntrico e sexista da práxis jurídica quotidiana, propondo a adoção de outro paradigma jurídico, especialmente voltado para a emancipação social e política das mulheres brasileiras.
Da inafastabilidade do conhecimento médico em determinadas decisões judiciais referentes à saúde suplementar
Authors: Souza José Rodrigo Correia de
Published: June 2015

Em consonância com o aumento de usuários do setor de saúde suplementar, está ocorrendo um crescimento no número de demandas judiciais envolvendo beneficiários e planos de saúde, e junto com esse fato, surge a necessidade, em algumas situações, do Magistrado utilizar-se de algum conhecimento médico para atingir o melhor resultado para cada lide. O presente trabalho busca analisar, com base na legislação pertinente e entendimentos atuais, a necessidade da utilização de conhecimento médico, como forma de auxiliar cada juiz ou órgão judicante, no intuito de solucionar ações envolvendo planos de saúde.
O direito de família contemporâneo: entidade familiar constitucionalizada
Authors: Santiago Rafael da Silva
Published: June 2015

O trabalho se assenta na análise do conteúdo da família do período contemporâneo, identificando-a como instituto necessariamente constitucionalizado. Para tanto, serão estudadas as mais variadas definições doutrinárias acerca do núcleo familiar, perpassando-se pelo exame de seu conceito à luz do fenômeno da constitucionalização do direito de família. Dessa forma, será possível demonstrar que a existência jurídica do núcleo familiar encontra-se diretamente relacionada com a vigência da Constituição, de modo que qualquer argumentação que se refira à família deve, necessariamente, encontrar fundamento no texto constitucional, tendo em vista sua qualidade de entidade constitucionalizada, assumida no período contemporâneo.
A PRESCRIÇÃO DA PRETENSÃO DE REPARAÇÃO POR RESPONSABILIDADE CONTRATUAL DECORRENTE DE RELAÇÃO DE CONSUMO: UM DIÁLOGO ENTRE O CÓDIGO CIVIL E O CÓDIGO DE DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR
Authors: Gaburri Fernando
Published: June 2015

O presente artigo é uma breve síntese da aula ministrada na manhã do dia 04.05.2013, na turma de pós-graduação em Direito civil e processual civil da Universidade Tiradentes (UNIT), a cujos alunos dedico essa breve reflexão. A proposta do texto é analisar a prescrição da pretensão ressarcitória decorrente de inadimplemento contratual de operadora de plano de saúde que se negou a cobrir cirurgia de implantação de stent em paciente segurado. A discussão principal gira em torno da identificação do prazo prescricional aplicável, afastando-se, desde logo aquele previsto no art. 27 do Código de Defesa do Consumidor (CDC), o qual trata de responsabilidade extracontratual. O juízo da 3ª Vara Cível de Porto Alegre e o Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul entendeu pela aplicação do prazo trienal do art. 206, § 3º do Código Civil (CC), ao passo que o Superior Tribunal de Justiça reiterou seu entendimento, no sentido de ser o prazo geral decenal do art. 205 do CC o aplicável na espécie. Outro ponto de relevo no julgado, e abordado no presente estudo, é o da aplicação, ou não, da regra de direito intertemporal do art. 2.028 do CC.
O MEIO AMBIENTE ENQUANTO DIREITO HUMANO FRENTE AOS PRINCÍPIOS DE DIREITO INTERNACIONAL E A QUESTÃO DA SOBERANIA DOS ESTADOS
Authors: Lima Lucas Azevedo de , De Mingo Steffano Alves
Published: June 2015

O presente trabalho procura fazer uma análise sobre o enquadramento do Meio Ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado no rol dos Direitos Humanos. Como os direitos humanos transcendem a órbita Estatal e se constituem como instrumento de proteção da comunidade internacional, a questão ambiental adota uma dimensão supra-estatal. Nesse ínterim, o objetivo do artigo é analisar os princípios de Direito Internacional à luz do meio ambiente enquanto direito humano, que por se tratar de um Direito Universal de gestão compartilhada por todos os atores internacionais, acaba por se chocar contra a Soberania dos Estados, principalmente em relação à normativa e gestão das políticas ambientais. Noutro plano, busca-se demonstrar o fenômeno da internalização dos Tratados Internacionais de Direitos Humanos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.
CRÍTICA AO ATUAL MODELO DE LANÇAMENTO DE IPTU
Authors: Bonamigo Filho Carlos Horácio
Published: June 2015

O atual modelo de constituição do crédito tributário de IPTU é produto de uma série de exceções ao ato administrativo formal de lançamento. É objeto desta pesquisa a crítica dessas flexibilizações através da sua oposição aos fundamentos históricos e jurídicos do ato administrativo de lançamento de ofício, especialmente em face dos direitos fundamentais de informação, contraditório e do procedimento de autocontrole da administração. Através do emprego das regras do discurso jurídico é possível identificar uma crise de legitimidade do Judiciário em face de exceções à legislação processual administrativa, sem que a respectiva carga argumentativa tenha sido apta a racionalmente afastar direitos fundamentais.
A SISTEMATIZAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS FRENTE SUAS CRESCENTES VIOLAÇÕES POR MEIO DO USO DA INTERNET
Authors: Barros Martins Guilherme Souza , Agamenon Marcelo Góes
Published: June 2015

Terá o presente artigo, a função de demonstrar os problemas advindos com o avanço tecnológico da Internet em rota de colisão junto ao direito à intimidade de seus respectivos usuários. Demonstrando assim que a Internet tornou-se um espaço extremamente amplo de modo que carece de uma proteção quanto aos direitos de seus usuários, que depositam inúmeros dados pessoais nestas redes. Sendo também objeto do presente estudo a sistematização dos direitos fundamentais, que encontram-se positivados em nossa Carta Maior, que visam estabelecer direitos,deveres e garantias entre os cidadãos, bem como o direito à intimidade que muitas vezes é violado decorrente das práticas destas condutas acima descritas, e ainda trataremos do direito a informação. Será também objeto de análise a criação e o funcionamento da Internet, bem como suas funções e os principais serviços oferecidos aos seus usuários. Tratando-se ainda dos delitos oriundos dos meios informáticos classificados estes como crimes virtuais próprios e impróprios. Abordando assim, a problemática existente entre a percepção e o respeito ao direito à intimidade e, inevitavelmente, a presença cada vez mais constante, das novas tecnologias na época em que nos encontramos.
INTERRUPÇÃO DE GRAVIDEZ DE FETO ANENCÉFALO E A ADPF 54: AVANÇO OU RETROCESSO?
Authors: Camargo Caroline Leite de
Published: June 2015

O Brasil é o quarto país no mundo em casos de fetos anencéfalos, o que fez com que a questão chegasse até o órgão máximo do judiciário brasileiro e em 12 de abril de 2012 foi decidido que a gestante tem a liberdade de interromper ou não a gestação. Tal decisão se mostra inovadora e veio a fim de sanar problemas antigos de violação referente à dignidade da mulher. Entretanto, tal medida poderá acarretar sérios problemas, tendo em vista que a intervenção do poder judiciário no atuar do poder executivo pode ocasionar violação de direitos, uma vez que o Poder Público nem sempre terá meios para propiciar às gestantes tratamentos médicos e psicológicos antes, durante e depois da interrupção da gravidez. Ressalte-se ainda que nem todos os centros de saúde estarão aptos a realizarem a interrupção da gravidez de fetos anencéfalos nem haverá profissionais qualificados para tanto, tendo em vista que a incidência da anencefalia no país é uma das mais acentuadas do planeta. Assim sendo, como garantir que as mulheres que possuem fetos anencéfalos em seus ventres tenham sua integridade física e moral respeitadas? Como garantir que as clínicas e hospitais públicos estarão aptos a realizarem tal acompanhamento evolvendo ou não a interrupção da gravidez? Uma vez que a decisão fora tomada pelo judiciário e não pelo legislativo, é possível que o Estado não possua meios para arcar com as despesas oriundas de tal medida? Pode o ente estatal ser responsabilizado no caso de má prestação do serviço destinado às mulheres e seus familiares nessa triste situação? É diante de tais questionamentos que a presente pesquisa se fundamenta e será através do método indutivo-dedutivo que se almeja analisar possíveis violações de direitos oriundas da citada decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal.
LIBERDADE RELIGIOSA VERSUS INTOLERÂNCIA: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DA RELIGIOSIDADE AFRO-BRASILEIRA
Authors: Caldas Kelly Helena Santos , Carvalho José Lucas Santos , Oliveira Ilzver de Matos
Published: June 2015

A escolha religiosa representa a subjetividade e a exteriorização das diversas formas de relação entre o homem e a divindade, ou seja, um direito sobre-humano e espiritual, e não apenas uma mera concessão estatal. Em âmbito nacional, a elevação da liberdade religiosa ao status de direito fundamental somente se materializou com o advento da Constituição Federal de 1988, por meio do art. 5º, incisos VI, VII e VIII, que estatuiu a liberdade de consciência, de culto e de crença. Ocorre que, apesar do aparato constitucional e infraconstitucional de proteção e tutela deste direito humano, ainda é visível cenas de intolerância e violência no campo religioso, principalmente em desfavor das religiões afro-brasileiras, uma das mais afetadas em razão do histórico escravocrata e ainda racista existente em nossa sociedade. Diante desta realidade é possível visualizar a construção da judicialização destas religiosidades, a partir de como se dá o enfrentamento dos magistrados diante desta problemática. Casos emblemáticos como o da Mãe Gilda ocorrido em Salvador e a determinação judicial do Fechamento do Terreiro Espírita Umbandista São Bartolomeu em Sergipe demonstram que as decisões judiciais podem contribuir para a inclusão ou exclusão destas religiões, a depender de forma como são apresentadas.
A DESCONSIDERAÇÃO DA PERSONALIDADE JURÍDICA
Authors: Thamay Rennan Faria Kruger
Published: June 2015

Em relação ao direito privado tem-se sustentado a ocorrência da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica em variados casos que repetidamente tem ocorrido, buscando evitar maiores prejuízos ao cidadão. Destarte, revele-se que o estudo obrado parte da análise da pessoa jurídica, sua conceituação e caracterização para então chegar, depois somente, ao estudo e análise dos casos de cabimento da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica que é aplicável de forma distinta no Direito Civil, do Consumidor e Laboral, já que as premissas são distintas e neste peculiar serão feitas as devidas observações em cada caso. Ponto central deste trabalho é perceber que a pessoa jurídica criação necessária para a sociedade pode e deve ser desconsiderada (disregard doctrine) em alguns casos sendo meio recentemente implementado, normativamente falando, para a superação dos abusos empresarialmente realizados, já que os sócios e administradores de empresas por vezes utilizam seu poder para a prática de atos que desviam a finalidade da empresa, provocando o abuso e por vezes em decorrência disto lesarem a milhares de cidadão (quer consumidores, trabalhadores ou até outras empresas), prática totalmente inaceitável e reprovável. Destarte, neste contexto é que nasce a figura da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica para fazer com que o credor não perca de vista a realização de seu direito ao crédito, já que por vezes as empresas são típicos escudos das fraudes realizadas pelos seus sócios ou administradores que, conscientemente, transferem o patrimônio advindo da fraude, dentre outras tantas condutas ilícitas, para o seu patrimônio individual. Com o nascimento deste instituto, muitas ilicitudes perderam campo fazendo com que, por vezes, seja atingido o patrimônio individual de sócio ou administrador da sociedade, que de forma maliciosa agiu desviando o patrimônio, para que sejam responsabilizados pessoalmente pelos diversos ilícitos praticados e pelos créditos alheios existentes.
APROXIMACIÓN AL DELITO DE TURISMO SEXUAL EN MÉXICO. ESPECIAL REFERENCIA AL CÓDIGO PENAL DEL DISTRITO FEDERAL
Authors: Rita Tamés Gilberto Santa
Published: June 2015

La presente investigación no pretendió agotar la doctrina y jurisprudencia nacional sobre el turismo sexual. Sin embargo, ofrece un estudio documentado en el cual hombres y mujeres mayores de edad participan como agentes que en el turismo sexual, incurriendo en un delito grave. Ante aludida realidad arrolladora, es importante llevar a cabo un estudio acerca de la conducta delictiva que presenta serias dificultades que van desde la definición del bien jurídico hasta temas de autoría y participación. Esto pues, no es admisible que la capital de un país que se encuentra en un importante desarrollo como México, no tenga una regulación precisa en el caso del turismo sexual. Cabe mencionar que el presente documento se centrará en la propia y especial naturaleza del tipo contenido en el código penal, por lo que en el estudio dogmático no se harán referencias en materia internacional. La insoportable realidad de la criminalidad en la ciudad de México obliga a un replanteamiento de esta conducta criminal en aras de una mayor efectividad en cuanto al tratamiento del fenómeno. Para ello, realizaremos una investigación a partir de la perspectiva victimológica.
Caracterización y desarrollo del “saber luchar”: contenidos de un modelo integrado para la enseñanza de las artes marciales y de los deportes de combate
Authors: Avelar-Rosa Bruno , Gomes Mariana Simões Pimentel , Figueiredo Abel , López-Ros Víctor
Published: June 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo es definir los principios y contenidos técnico-tácticos que caracterizan el “saber luchar” en el ámbito de las artes marciales y deportes de combate entendidos en su sentido global. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, buscamos detectar los límites práxicos del conjunto de las diferentes disciplinas de las artes marciales y deportes de combate a través del análisis de puntos de convergencia que puedan conferirles consistencia como grupo de prácticas, y a partir de los cuales resulte posible desarrollar un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje coherente. Los principios y contenidos que consideramos desde esta perspectiva integrada establecen las posibilidades de acción independientemente de los condicionantes técnicos institucionalizados por las diferentes modalidades de combate. Sobre la base de la “estructura técnico-táctica del saber luchar”, se propone desarrollar el “saber luchar” enfatizando la importancia de incidir sobre la “intención táctica” de los aprendices. La distribución y categorización de las acciones luctatorias que presentamos busca ofrecer herramientas y criterios para ayudar en el proceso de iniciación a las artes marciales y deportes de combate.
Reconciling the role of organic matter pathways in aquatic food webs by measuring multiple tracers in individuals
Authors: Jardine Timothy D. , Woods Ryan , Marshall Jonathan , Fawcett James , Lobegeiger Jaye , Valdez Dominic , Kainz Martin J.
Published: June 2015

Few studies measure multiple ecological tracers in individual organisms, thus limiting our ability to differentiate among organic matter source pathways and understand consequences of dietary variation and the use of external subsidies in complex food webs. We combined two tracers, stable isotope (SI) ratios and fatty acids (FA), to investigate linkages among ecological compartments (water column, benthos, riparian zone) in food webs in waterholes of a dryland river network, the Border Rivers in southwestern Queensland, Australia. Comprehensive analyses of sources (plankton, periphyton, leaf litter, riparian grasses) and animals (benthic insects, mollusks, large crustaceans, fishes) for SI and FA showed that all three zones contribute to animal biomass, depending on species and life stage. Large fishes derived a subsidy from the riparian/floodplain zone, likely through the consumption of terrestrial and semi‐aquatic insects and prawns that fed on detritivorous insects. Importantly, post‐larval bony bream (Nematalosa erebi) and golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) were tightly connected to the water column, as evidenced by 13C‐depleted, 15N‐enriched isotope ratios and a high content of plankton‐derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA; 20:5ω3] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA; 22:6ω3]). These observations were consistent with expectations from nutritional requirements of fish early life stages and habitat changes associated with maturity. These results highlight the importance of high‐quality foods during early development of fishes, and show that attempting to attribute food‐web production to a single source pathway overlooks important but often subtle subsidies that maintain viable populations. A complete understanding of food‐web dynamics must consider both quantity and quality of different available organic matter sources. This understanding can be achieved with a combined SI and FA approach, but more controlled dietary studies are needed to estimate how FA profiles are modified by animals when consuming a diverse range of diets of variable quality.
Beyond metacommunity paradigms: habitat configuration, life history, and movement shape an herbivore community on oak
Authors: Zheng Chaozhi , Ovaskainen Otso , Roslin Tomas , Tack Ayco J. M.
Published: June 2015

Many empirical studies of metacommunities have focused on the classification of observational patterns into four contrasting paradigms characterized by different levels of movement and habitat heterogeneity. However, deeper insight into the underlying local and regional processes may be derived from a combination of long‐term observational data and experimental studies. With the aim of exploring forces structuring the insect metacommunity on oak, we fit a hierarchical Bayesian state‐space model to data from observations and experiments. The fitted model reveals large variation in species‐specific dispersal abilities and basic reproduction numbers, R0. The residuals from the model show only weak correlations among species, suggesting a lack of strong interspecific interactions. Simulations with model‐derived parameter estimates indicate that habitat configuration and species attributes both contribute substantially to structuring insect communities. Overall, our findings demonstrate that community‐level variation in movement and life history are key drivers of metacommunity dynamics.
Association Between Periodontal Disease and Kidney Function Decline in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Grubbs Vanessa , Vittinghoff Eric , Beck James D. , Kshirsagar Abhijit V. , Wang Wei , Griswold Michael E. , Powe Neil R. , Correa Adolfo , Young Bessie
Published: June 2015

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a prevalent public health problem that disproportionately affects African Americans, despite intense efforts targeting traditional risk factors. Periodontal disease, a chronic bacterial infection of the oral cavity, is both common and modifiable and has been implicated as a novel potential CKD risk factor. The authors seek to examine to what extent periodontal disease is associated with kidney function decline.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examines 699 African American participants with preserved kidney function (defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 mL/minute/1.73m2 at baseline) who underwent complete dental examinations as part of the Dental‐Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (1996 to 1998) and subsequently enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (2000 to 2004). Using multivariable Poisson regression, the authors examined the association of periodontal disease (severe versus non‐severe) with incident CKD, defined as incident eGFR <60 mL/minute/1.73m2 and rapid (5% annualized) eGFR decline at follow‐up among those with preserved eGFR at baseline.

Results: Mean (± SD) age at baseline was 65.4 (± 5.2) years, and 16.3% (n = 114) had severe periodontal disease. There were 21 cases (3.0%) of incident CKD after a mean follow‐up of 4.8 (± 0.6) years. Compared with participants with non‐severe periodontal disease, those with severe periodontal disease had a four‐fold greater rate of incident CKD (adjusted incidence rate ratio 4.18 [95% confidence interval 1.68 to 10.39], P = 0.002).

Conclusions: Severe periodontal disease is prevalent among a population at high risk for CKD and is associated with clinically significant kidney function decline. Further research is needed to determine if periodontal disease treatment alters the trajectory of renal deterioration.
Development of Bilateral Cam Deformity After Dunn Procedure and Contralateral Prophylactic Fixation: A Periosteal Reaction?
Authors: Aepli Martin , Ganz Reinhold , Manner Hans Michael , Leunig Michael
Published: June 2015

Case:

We present the case of a fourteen-year-old male athlete with a slipped capital femoral epiphysis who was managed with a unilateral Dunn procedure and contralateral prophylactic screw fixation. Even though the cartilaginous epiphyseal growth plate was removed on one side, cam deformities subsequently developed on both sides in the postoperative period.

Conclusion:

This case suggests that structures other than the growth plate are also capable of inducing cam deformity of the hip.
Atraumatic Dislocation of Constrained Total Scapular Endoprosthesis
Authors: Thompson Matthew J. , Foster William C.
Published: June 2015

Case:

Two patients undergoing constrained endoprosthetic reconstruction following scapulectomy for the treatment of neoplasm sustained atraumatic glenohumeral dissociation. To our knowledge, this complication had not been observed in association with anatomic-orientation constrained designs prior to 2014.

Conclusion:

Despite the improved stability associated with constrained total scapular endoprosthesis designs, every effort should be made to reconstruct the joint capsule and consideration should be given to augmentation with use of a synthetic sleeve. However, even when these measures are taken, dislocations of the constrained glenohumeral articulation may occur. Treatment of dislocations should be based on patient-specific factors, and nonoperative treatment may be appropriate. In the setting of dislocation associated with constrained liner wear, limited revision may be considered. Reassessment of periprosthetic tissue-balancing and potential augmentation should be considered.
Arthroscopic Management of a Glenohumeral Osteochondral Defect Using Particulated Juvenile Cartilage Allograft
Authors: Ramirez Miguel A. , Ramirez Jose M. , Murthi Anand M.
Published: June 2015

Case:

A sixteen-year-old high school varsity quarterback was referred to us for evaluation of right shoulder pain two months after an injury sustained during a football tackle. The patient reported being substantially limited in his ability to perform vigorous activity because of pain and the sensation that his shoulder was about to dislocate. Evaluation showed a Bankart tear and a focal full-thickness glenoid osteochondral defect. The tear was treated with Bankart repair, and the osteochondral defect was filled arthroscopically with particulated juvenile cartilage graft. The patient returned to full sports activity without restriction at nine months after surgery and, at two years of follow-up, remained pain free with full range of motion and strength and no symptoms of instability.

Conclusion:

The current case suggests that particulated juvenile cartilage may be effective in the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the glenoid.
Necrotizing Dermatosis of the Arm Following Cubital Tunnel Release: Pyoderma Gangrenosum, the Great Mimic
Authors: Utrillas-Compaired Alfonso , Jeavons Richard Paul , Viana-López Ramón , González-Gómez Ignacio
Published: June 2015

Case:

We report the case of a fifty-one-year-old woman who underwent an uneventful cubital tunnel release and was admitted five days after surgery with a diagnosis of infection. Despite multiple surgical debridements and prolonged intravenous antibiotic treatment, the wound edges continued to slough and necrose. A delayed diagnosis of postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) was made, and corticosteroid and immunosuppressive treatment was administered, with immediate clinical improvement.

Conclusion:

When apparent postoperative infections fail to improve with debridement and antimicrobial treatment, and when accompanied by a fever and severe local pain, nonspecific histopathological findings, and negative microbiological cultures, postsurgical PG should be considered.
Upping the Ante on Technology and Leadership in Challenging Market Conditions
Authors: Wishart John , Dwarkin Judith
Published: June 2015

Pillars of the Industry

Part 1: John Wishart, Lloyd’s Register

Science and engineering is the lifeblood of my career and a passion since sixth form. It was my teacher who first encouraged me to enroll in engineering, which later led me to qualify with a degree in chemical engineering.

My first job was with John Brown E&C in London where I worked on projects in the oil and gas industry. After a few years, my job with BP took me from the engineering contracting sector to a role focused on project and facilities engineering. My next career step was joining the then newly founded Genesis Oil & Gas, moving to Aberdeen and then to Houston, by which time the company was owned by Technip and later I became Technip’s US chief executive officer.

While it is true that the mistakes you make along the way help you learn and progress in life, I can say that I have truly gained a lot personally and professionally from the journey I have made and the people I have worked with. When you start out in the world of work, knowing how to take your educational knowledge to the market place and learning how to apply it in different ways in different situations is critical to your success in life.

Part 2: Judith Dwarkin, ITG Investment Research

As energy in all its forms is essential to both economy and life in general, the challenges associated with finding, harvesting, distributing, and using it efficiently and responsibly are enduring. And whether the current downturn in the global oil market is, or is not, a watershed moment, it is important to remember that as an industry professional you have been presented with a massive summons to action, which also comes with a massive opportunity to shine.

I was raised in Fernie, British Columbia, Canada, a small coal mining and lumber town in Western Canada well acquainted with commodity cycles. After completing my undergraduate and master’s degrees, I travelled to Australia on a Commonwealth scholarship to pursue a PhD in natural resource economics.

During my academic career, I became interested in public policy and commodity markets and on returning home to Western Canada after graduating, I was fortunate to find a way to pursue both these topics at the Alberta Department of Energy. At the time, the provinces and Canada’s federal government were in the process of dismantling a plethora of energy policies and regulations that imposed various types of controls on domestic oil and gas upstream development and markets, as well as internal and external trade. This period of deregulation was a dynamic and challenging time to work on energy policy and, as it turned out, a great entry point for my career in the industry.
Commodity Price Cycles: Explained by an Expert
Authors: Gulen Gurcan
Published: June 2015

Economist’s Corner

Oil and natural gas are the lifeblood of modern economies. Together, they account for close to 60% of global commercial energy consumption. Even in future scenarios with a high penetration of alternative energy sources or technologies, oil and gas are expected to maintain a share of about 50% by the middle of this century; more business-as-usual scenarios forecast a share of 60% or more.

The transportation sector depends on oil products such as gasoline, diesel, bunker fuel, and jet fuel almost exclusively. The ability to travel and ship goods are the key ingredients for a successful economy; the lack of transportation infrastructure or its low quality has often been a major roadblock for emerging economies to attract investment. It will be difficult and time-consuming to switch millions of vehicles on land, sea, and air to alternative fuels. None of the alternatives, including biofuels, electric cars, and fuels derived from natural gas, appears to be ready to replace oil products in necessary scale although they are certainly making progress.

What is the Interplay Between Oil, Natural Gas, and Alternatives?

Natural gas is an important feedstock in many industrial processes such as methanol or fertilizer plants, but the growth in gas use has come primarily from the electric power sector, where it has been replacing oil and other fuels (primarily coal) in many countries, in addition to meeting new demand growth. In some markets, more than half of the electricity is generated in gas-fired power plants. The share of natural gas in power generation is expected to increase in most countries as countries try to lower their emissions and as more gas resources are proven and developed across the globe.
Keystone XL Pipeline: Rhetoric vs. Economics
Authors: Pirrong Craig
Published: June 2015

Tech 101

There are about 180,000 miles of oil pipeline in the United States, but all of this mileage put together has not generated 1% of the controversy as a pipeline that would add a mere 1% to the total— the Keystone XL Pipeline connecting Alberta’s oil sands to refineries in Texas and Louisiana. Since it crosses an international boundary, Keystone requires US State Department approval, which has not been forthcoming under the Obama administration.

Keystone has become a cause célèbre on both sides of the political aisle. President Obama has made numerous statements criticizing the pipeline and has vetoed the legislation mandating its approval. Conversely, Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell had promised to make Keystone the first legislative priority in Congress when he took office.

Many arguments have been advanced against Keystone. First and foremost, opposition to the pipeline rests on environmental objections. Environmentalists deem crude oil produced from Canadian oil sands to be uniquely damaging due to its carbon intensity when compared with other types of crude. When the environmental arguments failed to gain considerable traction, opponents shifted to economic arguments. These include assertions that Keystone will not reduce at-the-pump gas prices in the US, and that most Keystone oil will be exported.

Unfortunately, these political and environmental arguments have created more heat than light. A straightforward economic analysis of Keystone demonstrates that its benefits will not be as great as its advocates say, but they will be material. The environmental effects are likely modest and outweighed by the economic benefits.

The Economics of Keystone

The direct economic effect of Keystone is quite straightforward. It would reduce the cost of transporting crude oil from Canada to the US Gulf Coast. Without Keystone, rail is the most economical way to transport the oil to the Gulf refineries. US government reports estimate that rail shipment costs about USD 10/bbl more than transportation via Keystone. This means that the benefits in terms of reduced transportation costs are on the order of USD 8 million/day, which is USD 10/bbl multiplied by the 830,000 BOPD Keystone can transport in lieu of more expensive trains.
A Young Professional’s Guide to the Impact of Oil Price Volatility in Russia and China
Authors: Jahagirdar Shruti , Weyand Kristin , Haider Batool Arhamna , Zhang Li
Published: June 2015

A Young Professional’s Guide

When the prices of oil and gas spiral upward or downward, the effects are felt around the world. Economies of some countries are affected more than the others, especially, if they are large oil-exporting and -importing countries. Four of the five largest oil-importing nations, China, Japan, India, and South Korea, are in Asia and collectively import more than 15 million B/D of oil, according to the CIA World Factbook 2013–14. Any shift in oil price results in huge adjustments to these countries’ national budgets. The world’s largest oil-exporting nations include Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, Iran, and Nigeria. Collectively, these nations have the capacity to dominate the global oil economy.

Let us take a closer look at the impact of changing oil and gas prices on Russia, one of the largest oil- and gas-exporting nations, and China, one of the largest oil- and gas-importing nations in the world.

Russia: Oil and Gas Exporter

Russia tops the chart as the largest country in the world by area, encompassing 6.6 million sq miles. It leads the political scene as one of the most powerful and developed countries in the world and maintains its innovative edge as a leader in nuclear power and space research. For a country with so much independent power, Russia’s economy remains hugely dependent upon the energy and mineral resources that it holds.

Blessed with abundant resources, Russia exerts huge geopolitical influence on its European neighbors. Of paramount importance to countries such as Ukraine, Russia supplies 25%–30% of natural gas needs in Europe, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Oil and gas fund about half of the Russian budget, reports CNN. So what happens when commodities prices fluctuate—either up or down?
Improved Empirical Representation of Plant Responses to Waterlogging for Simulating Crop Yield
Authors: Shaw Ruth E. , Meyer Wayne S.
Published: June 2015

Waterlogging causes apparent reductions in crop yields around the world. Crops undergo plant responses and adaptations due primarily to the reduction in soil oxygen concentrations in the plant root zone that occur during waterlogged conditions. Current methods of assessing and quantifying crop yield reductions due to waterlogging, such as the sum of excess water (SEW) and stress day index (SDI) accumulating methods, and the models DRAINMOD, Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM), and Salt Water And Groundwater MANagement (SWAGMAN) Destiny (Destiny) do not include plant physiological adaptation processes that may limit or avoid reductions in crop yield. This paper analyses results from field trials to create a unifying concept that recognizes the various responses and adaptations of crops to waterlogging. We propose an empirical three stage representation of crop responses and adaptations during waterlogging. Stage one represents increased plant function with unlimited water and adequate soil oxygen concentrations for root respiration for up to 3 d. Stage two follows and represents plant response to declining soil oxygen concentrations often resulting in decreased plant function. Finally, stage three represents species dependant plant adaptations. We test the sensitivity of SWAGMAN Destiny using our three stage empirical representation to estimate yield reductions due to waterlogging. Results are consistent with field trial observations, with decreased yield compared to simulations using 10% air‐filled pore space as the waterlogging criteria. We suggest the three stage empirical representation for specific crops can be used to improve simulation model estimations of crop yields due to waterlogging.
Corn Response to Long‐Term Applications of Cattle Manure, Swine Effluent, and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer
Authors: Schlegel Alan J. , Assefa Yared , Bond H. Dewayne , Wetter Scott M. , Stone Loyd R.
Published: June 2015

Cattle (Bos taurus) manure and swine (Sus scrofa) effluent are applied to cropland to recycle nutrients, build soil quality, and increase crop productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the long‐term effects of land application of cattle manure and swine effluent using the Kansas Nutrient Utilization Plan on crop yield, yield components, and crop nutrient uptake. The study was conducted for 10 yr (1999 through 2008) near Tribune, KS. There were 10 treatments: three levels of cattle manure and swine effluent (P, N, and 2N), three levels of N fertilizer (N1 = 56, N2 = 112, and N3 = 168 kg N ha−1), and an untreated control. Corn (Zea mays L.) grain and stover yields, yield components, and water use were measured. In all but 2 yr, all treatments significantly increased grain yield compared with the control and the lowest inorganic N rate. Mean corn grain yield over the years from the Cattle N and P, Swine N and P, and inorganic N2 and N3 treatments were about 2X, 1.8X, and 1.9X greater than the untreated control, respectively. Grain nutrient content and water productivity were consistently higher for the cattle manure treatments and the inorganic N2 and N3 treatments. However, grain yield and nutrient uptake did not differ among rates of cattle manure and swine effluent application. We concluded that using the lower application rate based on either N or P from the Kansas Nutrient Utilization Plan was sufficient to achieve optimal crop yield and water productivity.
Does Plastic Mulch Improve Crop Yield in Semiarid Farmland at High Altitude?
Authors: Liu Chang‐An , Siddique Kadambot H.M.
Published: June 2015

Crop yields have increased greatly due to the use of plastic‐film mulching in dryland areas of China at low to mid‐altitudes. However, its effect at high altitude remains unknown. We studied the effect of ridge–furrow with plastic‐mulching practices on crop yields in semiarid farmland at high altitude (2400 m) from 2010 to 2011. The three treatments were as follows: (i) flat plot with no mulching (CK); (ii) alternating ridges (60‐cm wide, 15‐cm high) and furrows (60‐cm wide) without plastic film (RF); and (iii) alternating ridges (60‐cm wide, 15‐cm high) and furrows (60‐cm wide), with the ridges mulched with plastic film (RFM). Potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) and maize (Zea maysL.) crops were planted in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The RFM treatment did not increase potato yields, but significantly increased the ratio of large tuber to total tuber yields (RBT). The RBTs for CK, RF, and RFM were 44.0, 46.8, and 66.7%, respectively. In 2011, the RFM treatment had significantly higher maize yield than the CK and RF treatments, and maize yield was mainly affected by temperature in May. In conclusion, ridge–furrowing with plastic film did not increase the total yield of potato crops compared with non‐mulching treatments, but did increase large tuber yield. The increase in soil temperature in May caused by mulching was important for improving maize yield in semiarid farmland at high altitude.
Continuous improvement concepts as a link between quality assurance and implementation of cleaner production: Case study in the generic pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Boltic Zorana , Jovanovic Mica , Petrovic Slobodan , Bozanic Vojislav , Mihajlovic Marina
Published: June 2015

The subject and the research objective presented in this article is
establishing of the relationship between quality assurance and
implementation of cleaner production in the generic pharmaceutical industry
through the comprehensive concept of continuous improvement. This is mostly
related to application of Lean and Six Sigma tools and techniques for
process improvement and their link to other known concepts used in the
industrial environment, especially manufacturing of generic pharmaceutical
products from which two representative case studies were selected for
comparative analysis, also considering relevant regulatory requirements in
the field of quality management, as well as appropriate quality standards.
Although the methodology discussed in this conceptual and practice oriented
article is strongly related to chemical engineering, the focus is mainly on
process industry, i.e. production systems, rather than any specific
technological process itself. The scope of this research is an engineering
approach to evaluation of the production systems in terms of continuous
improvement concepts application, considering both quality aspects and
efficiency of such systems.
TDCM: An IP watermarking algorithm based on two dimensional chaotic mapping
Authors: Liang Wei , Wu Keshou , Xie Yong , Duan Jiajun
Published: June 2015

With the rapid development of VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) circuit, IP
(Intellectual Property) protection for reused technology is widely
concerned. A watermarking scheme for IP protection is proposed on basis of a
two dimensional chaotic mapping model (TDCM). The scheme utilizes a secure
and controllable embedding model to compute the aggregation level of
physical resource positions and the secure threshold of controllability. A
two dimensional chaotic sequence is generated with the control of secure
threshold. The first dimensional sequence is used to determine random
watermark positions and the second dimensional sequence is to control
watermark number in each position. Finally, the watermarks are inserted into
corresponding places orderly. The experiments show that the proposed scheme
has low resource overhead by comparing with other schemes. The resistance to
attacks and robustness of the watermark are encouraging as well.
Detecting overlapping community in complex network based on node similarity
Authors: Chen Zuo , Jia Mengyuan , Yang Bing , Li Xiaodong
Published: June 2015

Overlapping communities in complex network is a common phenomenon in real
world network. The overlapping community structure can more accurately
obtain the actual structure information in the network. But at present the
study of overlapping community division algorithm is relatively less, facing
the problems of the low accurate rate. Based on this, this paper presents
algorithms OCNS for detecting community overlapping base on node similarity.
The algorithm calculates similarity between two nodes in the network by
means of Jaccard similarity measure formula. Then the related nodes are
adaptive merged according to the similarity value, combining with the
community according to the change of modularity. The process of partitioning
can not only accurately merge closely linked nodes in the network, but also
find the overlapping nodes and bridge nodes between communities. The
experiment proved the algorithm is effective to detect the overlapping
community and has obvious advantages in the division of baseline social
network Zachary and dolphin network, and the quality of division better than
other existing partitioning algorithm.
Human-level moving object recognition from traffic video
Authors: Zhu Fei , Liu Quan , Zhong Shan , Yang Yang
Published: June 2015

Video preserves valuable raw information. Understanding these data and then
recognizing objects and tagging them are crucial to intelligent planning and
decision making. Deep learning provides us an effective way to understand
big data with a human-level. As traffic video is characterized by crowded
scene and low definition, it will be non-effective to deal with the whole
image once. An alternative way is to separate image and determine a small
window for each moving object. A Q-learning based moving object recognition
approach, which firstly finds out moving object region and then uses a
Q-learning based optimization method to determine the most compact region
that contain the moving object, is proposed. The algorithms enable to detect
the most compact rectangle around the moving object at near real-time speed.
After that, a deep neural network is used to semantic tag the recognized
objects. The experiment results show the algorithms work effectively.