bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparación de la liberación de flúor de barnices fluorados expuestos a bebibas de consumo común: estudio in vitro
Authors:   , Casimiro Iriarte Sophia Alejandra
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la liberación de flúor in vitro de barnices fluorados expuestos a bebidas de consumo común. Materiales y métodos: Ciento veinte bloques de acrílico fueron divididos aleatoriamente en 10 grupos de estudio (n=12 por grupo). Para la ejecución, se prepararon 24 bloques de acrílico para cada barniz fluorado (Duraphat®, Duofluorid XII®, Clinpro™, MI Varnish™ y Profluorid Varnish®). Los bloques se colocaron en saliva artificial por 30 minutos y en bebida carbonatada y jugo de fruta hasta las 24 horas. La saliva artificial y las bebidas fueron evaluadas para determinar la liberación de flúor mediante un electrodo ion-selectivo de flúor. Los resultados fueron analizados usando las pruebas de ANOVA F, Friedman y Kruskal Wallis para el análisis bivariado; y ANOVA de tres vías (barniz fluorado, bebidas, tiempo de exposición). Resultados: Al comparar los barnices fluorados según cada tiempo de exposición, se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativaentre todos los barnices fluorados para cada tiempo evaluado en bebida carbonatada y jugo de frutas. MI Varnish™ presentó la mayor liberación de flúor en bebida carbonatada (94.44±5.47ppm) y en jugo de fruta (126.16±8.89ppm) a las 8 horas. Duraphat® presentó la menor liberación de flúor en el tiempo basal (0.44±0.08ppm) para el grupo expuesto a bebida carbonatada. La comparación de tres vías entre liberación de flúor, tiempo de exposición y barniz fluorado fue estadísticamente significativa (p<0.001). Al evaluar el efecto de las tres variables independientes en conjunto sobre la liberación del flúor, se encontró que las variables barniz fluorado (p<0.001) y tiempo de exposición (p<0.001) fueron las que aportaron en la liberación del flúor. Conclusiones: El tipo de barniz fluorado y el tiempo de exposición posterior a la aplicación contribuyen al modelo de liberación de flúor.
Quantification of Total Kjeldahl Phosphorus in Eucalyptus Leaves Using Kjeldahl Digestion and Flow Injection Analysis
Authors: Cain Sophia , Younes Nicolas
Published: January 2024

This protocol outlines the quantification of total phosphorus concentration in leaf material through Kjeldahl digestion and flow injection analysis. This method utilises a traditional Kjeldahl digestion as an alternative to microwave digestion which is utilised in the protocol “Quantification of Total Phosphorus Content in Plant Material Using Microwave Digestion and Segmented Flow Analysis”. The Kjeldahl digestion is more accessible in most laboratories than microwave digestion. The digestion phase converts phosphorus into orthophosphate which reacts with ammonium molybdate and ascorbic acid during flow analysis to form a blue complex which can be measured spectrophotometrically. Phases of analysis include acid digestion using a Kjeldahl digestion (1.5 days); the preparation of reagents (2 hours) and finally analysis for total phosphorus on the flow analyser (30 minutes plus 90 seconds per sample).
Long-Lived Planar Asymmetric Suspended Membranes for Investigating Protein Dynamics and Membrane Fusion
Authors: Bera Manindra , Sundaram Ramalingam Venkat Kalyana , Thoduvayil Sikha , Coleman Jeff , Pincet Frederic , Ramakrishnan Sathish
Published: January 2024

Membrane fusion is pivotal in cellular signaling and trafficking, requiring an intricate understanding of the interactions between proteins and lipids. Addressing the limitations of studying complex protein dynamics in cellular environments, a reductionist in vitro membrane model system is essential. Such a method begins with minimal components and incrementally adds complexity, allowing for the isolation and detailed examination of individual molecular species, an effort unattainable with traditional cellular techniques. Suspended lipid membranes accurately mimic cellular architecture by providing a unique environment with aqueous compartments on both sides, exceptional lateral diffusion properties, a solvent-free environment, and excellent stability for time-lapse imaging. Here, we present a detailed protocol for generating pore-spanning based planar suspended lipid membranes from native and reconstituted membranes that are ideal for time-lapse imaging using total internal reflection and confocal microscopy techniques. Our approach enables precise single-molecule protein counting, comprehensive analysis of protein dynamics, and the conduct of single-vesicle fusion assays. This method stands out for its exceptional temporal resolution, essential for accurately monitoring vesicle docking and fusion kinetics. The natural biological composition and lipid asymmetry of these membranes, combined with their excellent diffusion capabilities, greatly enhance the ability of studying the dynamics of membrane proteins. This protocol marks a significant advancement in membrane fusion research and offers deep insights into the nuances of cellular signaling and mechanisms.
Evidence of Community Health Workers’ delivery of Physical Rehabilitation Services in sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mapulanga Miriam , Kgarosi Kabelo , Maluleke Kuhlula , Hlongwa Mbuzeleni , Dlungwane Thembelihle
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The objective of this scoping review was to map the evidence and scope of physical rehabilitation services delivered by Community Health Workers (CHWs) in SSA.
Design: A scoping review
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central and databases within the EBSCOhost platform. We also searched other literature sources including reference lists, conference presentations and publications on organisational websites such as WHO, Ministries of Health, and Non-Governmental Organisations in SSA. Studies from January 1978 to June 2023. The screening was conducted by two reviewers and was guided by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thematic analysis of data was done
Results: A total of 6996 articles were identified by our search criteria for title screening. Twenty studies met our inclusion criteria. Evidence was found in seven countries namely; South Africa, Malawi, Uganda, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Mauritius and Namibia. Assessments, Case management and patient care, Education, Community liaison and support, Health systems linkage and administration were part of the CHWs' scope of practice.
Conclusion: The review presented evidence of CHWs providing physical rehabilitation services from seven countries. The review showed assessments, case management and patient care, education, community liaison and support, health systems linkage and administration as part of the CHWs' scope of practice.
Review of the Ethics, Policies and Regulations of a Global Patient co-Owned Cloud (GPOC)
Authors: Lidströmer Niklas , Davids Joe , ElSharkawy Mohamed , Ashrafian Hutan , Herlenius Eric
Published: January 2024

Cloud-based personal health records have increased during the last thirty years across the globe. The concept of a Global Patient co-Owned Cloud (GPOC) of personal health records is presented in the GPOC series, containing a systematic review and meta-analysis, a global survey among 100% of the UN member states and a technical sandbox environment. GPOC contains patient co-ownership of personal health records. In the global survey a consensus was seen for GPOC. Here, we review the ethics, policies and regulations relevant for GPOC. Co-ownership and security were partly extracted from a systematic review and meta-analysis of twelve core facets of a GPOC. These two, and ten other properties are covered here with an additional literature review and interview series. This, resulting in a global overview of relevant human rights, ethics, privacy, policy, regulations and integration initiatives by states and organisations, markets, AI integration and future challenges for a GPOC. GPOC might result in a new human right to co-own ones’ personal health information. GPOC could drive development and spread of artificial intelligence for healthcare globally. It may solve the lacking personal health record integration on a global scale. Thus, a decentralised GPOC with consensus from blockchain, may benefit global health.
A Summit on a Global Patient co-Owned Cloud (GPOC)
Authors: Lidströmer Niklas , Davids Joe , ElSharkawy Mohamed , Herlenius Eric , Ashrafian Hutan
Published: January 2024

During the last thirty years the world benefits from an increasing adoption to cloud-based healthcare for personal health records.
The concept of a Global Patient co-Owned Cloud (GPOC) of personal health records is presented in the GPOC series, containing a systematic review and meta-analysis, a global survey among 100% of the UN member states and a technical sandbox environment. GPOC contains, among other, patient co-ownership of personal health records. In the global survey a consensus was seen for the realisation of the GPOC.
Here, we present a Delphi styled GPOC Summit as an indicative exit poll for the survey, to both confirm the results and clay these with spoken words of the delegates in a free discussion. At the summit a unanimous consensus for patient co-ownership of the personal health records was expressed. It was also frequently stated that a GPOC would have benefits for global health, transfers of the personal health records globally and for the dissemination of artificial intelligence in medicine across the globe. The global advantages for patients, both refugees and travellers and for developing economies were underlined. GPOC as a large substrate for global medical artificial intelligence research was highlighted. The enthusiasm for GPOC was unanimous.
The marine nitrogen cycle over the past 165 million years
Authors: Godfrey Linda , Omta Anne Willem , Tziperman Eli , Li Xiang , Hu Yongyun , Falkowski Paul
Published: January 2024

Nitrogen and phosphorus are the two macro-nutrients that limit biological productivity in the ocean. N is supplied by the biological fixation of N2 from a virtually inexhaustible atmospheric source whereas the supply of P depends on geological processes. However, N2 fixation can be limited by micro-nutrients, especially iron. To address the feedbacks between the N-cycle and productivity on geological timescales, we present a record of N and C isotopes over the past 165 Ma in marine sediments. The N isotope composition of the deep ocean averages 3.2‰, and while relatively stable for most of this time, did range between -2 and +9‰. In comparison, exported production in distal areas of the ocean over the last 90 Myr averages 7.0‰, and ranges between +3 and +11‰, with the greatest difference from deepwater occurring when vertical mixing was limited. These significant multi-million-year time scale fluctuations result from interactions between plate tectonics and ocean biogeochemistry. We further present a coupled climate model that shows that winds that induce upwelling change due to continental meander. Importantly, the response of N cycling to changes in upwelling differs as those centers have moved in response to continent configuration. Upwelling induced productivity along low latitude east-west orientated Tethyan coastlines was elevated throughout much of the late Jurassic to Eocene. As Tethys closed, changing N dynamics are recorded by high δ15N, arising from increased N losses from the water column compared to burial in sediments. As upwelling increased again in the late Miocene, albeit weaker than before, along north-south coasts with narrow shelves, and ocean fronts became more pronounced, another abrupt increase in δ15N occurred. The implications on N-fixation is that meridional overturning circulation has separated areas of N-fixation and upwelling, leading to limitation by N in the modern ocean, unlike the situation of Tethys. However, limitation of N-fixation by Fe in the vast Panthalassic Ocean led to the most severe N-starvation.
Nanoparticle display of neuraminidase elicits enhanced antibody responses and protection against influenza A virus challenge in mice
Authors: Pascha Mirte N. , Ballegeer Marlies , Roelofs Marc C. , Meuris Leander , Albulescu Irina C. , Kuppeveld Frank J. M. van , Hurdiss Daniel L. , Bosch Berend-Jan , Zeev-Ben-Mordehai Tzviya , Saelens Xavier , de Haan Cornelis A. M.
Published: January 2024

Current Influenza virus vaccines primarily induce antibody responses against variable epitopes in hemagglutinin (HA), necessitating frequent updates. However, antibodies against neuraminidase (NA) can also confer protection against influenza, making NA an attractive target for the development of novel vaccines. In this study, we aimed to enhance the immunogenicity of recombinant NA antigens by presenting them multivalently on a nanoparticle carrier. Soluble tetrameric NA antigens of the N1 and N2 subtypes, confirmed to be correctly folded by cryo-electron microscopy structural analysis, were conjugated to Mi3 self-assembling protein nanoparticles using the SpyTag-SpyCatcher system. Immunization of mice with NA-Mi3 nanoparticles induced higher titers of NA-binding and -inhibiting antibodies and improved protection against a lethal challenge compared to unconjugated NA. Additionally, we explored the co-presentation of N1 and N2 antigens on the same Mi3 particles to create a mosaic vaccine candidate. These mosaic nanoparticles elicited antibody titers that were similar or superior to the homotypic nanoparticles and effectively protected against H1N1 and H3N2 challenge viruses. The NA-Mi3 nanoparticles represent a promising vaccine candidate that could complement HA-directed approaches for enhanced potency and broadened protection against influenza A virus.
Efficacy and safety of the regulatory T cell-selective interleukin-2 receptor agonist rezpegaldesleukin (REZPEG) in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases including atopic dermatitis
Authors: Zalevsky Jonathan , Silverberg Jonathan , Rosmarin David , Chovatiya Raj , Bieber Thomas , Schleicher Stephen , Beck Lisa , Gooderham Melinda , Chaudhry Sohail , Fanton Christie , Yu Danni , Levy Joshua , Liu Yi , Miyazaki Takahiro , Tagliaferri Mary , Schmitz Carsten , Nirula Ajay , Kotzin Brian
Published: January 2024

Regulatory T cell (Treg) impairment is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases but relatively little is known about the therapeutic potential of Treg restoration. Here we present the first clinical evidence for the Treg-selective interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor agonist rezpegaldesleukin (REZPEG) in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 1b trials in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) or psoriasis. REZPEG was safe and well-tolerated, demonstrating consistent pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy, meeting the primary, secondary and exploratory objectives in both trials. AD patients receiving the highest dose tested demonstrated an 83% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score after 12 weeks of treatment. EASI improvement of ≥ 75% (EASI-75) and validated Investigator Global Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis (vIGA-AD) responses were maintained for 36 weeks after treatment discontinuation in 71% and 80% of week 12 responders, respectively. These clinical improvements were accompanied by sustained increases in CD25bright Tregs and induction of multiple immunoregulatory mechanisms. REZPEG presents a novel homeostatic approach to cutaneous disease therapy and holds clinical potential in providing long-term, treatment-free disease control.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT04081350 and NCT04119557.
Hoisting Process Simulation and Monitoring of a S-Shaped Large- Span Spatial Truss
Authors: Liu Yang , Ding Xibin , Jin Zhuangzhuang , Tang Hongyuan
Published: January 2024

The reconstruction of existing subway stations usually requires the maintenance of uninterrupted subway operation, and the construction technology of large-span spatial steel structures is particularly complex and difficult. This paper focuses on a S-shaped spatial truss with span of 88.7 m in the reconstruction project of a certain subway station. Firstly, based on the arrangement of temporary supports for the truss structure and the premise of uninterrupted subway operation, the scientific and feasible three-segment hoisting scheme was determined. That is, the S-shaped truss structures was divided into three segments for hoisting construction. Then, the software ABAQUS was used to simulate the entire process of three-segment hoisting. By comparing the stress and deformation characteristics of the truss structure during hoisting process, the reasonable hoisting point arrangement was determined. Finally, through reasonable three-segment hoisting measures and real-time monitoring of the hoisting process, it was found that the monitored stress data was basically consistent with the simulated results, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the construction of the S-shaped large-span spatial truss, the safety of the construction process, and providing valuable reference for the hoisting of relevant large-span spatial steel structures.
Community Level Factors and Racial Inequities in Delivery Hospitalizations Involving Severe Maternal Morbidity in the United States, 2016-2019
Authors: Claridy Mechelle D. , Green Natalie D. Hernandez , Rathbun Stephen L. , Cordero José F.
Published: January 2024

Objective
To evaluate the risk of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) at delivery associated with community factors (community income and location of residence) by race/ethnicity.
Methods
We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project 2016–2019 National Inpatient Sample. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes identified delivery hospitalizations with SMM. Using survey weights, delivery hospitalizations with SMM were predicted as a function of community factors using logistic regression models, with subsequent stratification by race/ethnicity.
Results
In rural areas, Native Americans had the largest disparity in delivery hospitalizations involving SMM (AOR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.71–2.55). In large metropolitan areas, Blacks had the largest disparity in delivery hospitalizations involving SMM (AOR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.84–1.99). For community income, there was an increasing trend in disparity for Blacks among delivery hospitalizations involving SMM from (AOR: 1.67; 95% CI:1.59–1.74) for the lowest quartile of community income to (AOR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.90–2.17) for the quartile with the highest community income.
Conclusions
We found that community factors contribute to the racial and ethnic differences in SMM in the United States. These factors, outside of individual factors assessed in previous studies, provide a better understanding of some of the structural and systemic factors that may contribute to SMM.
Clinical results with a multifocal intraocular lens with a novel optical design
Authors: Goldman Gustavo
Published: January 2024

Background
To evaluate the optical performance and safety of a new multifocal lens with a novel optical design featuring two additional foci (or intensifiers) in patients with cataract and presbyopia.
Methods
In this single-center, non-randomized prospective observational study, 31 patients underwent implantation of the new multifocal IOL between March 2020 and November 2021 in a tertiary clinical center in Buenos Aires and Ramos Mejia, Argentina. Postoperative examinations with an emphasis on uncorrected as well as corrected visual acuity for distance and near vision and over two different intermediate (80 cm and 60 cm) distances were performed over the 3 postoperative months.
Results
Of the 31 patients who underwent implantation of the new IOL, 30 had a bilateral operation (a total of 61 eyes). At 3 months, all 61 eyes had an uncorrected distance visual acuity of at least 0.15 logMAR ; 57 eyes (93%) had an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) of 0.1 log MAR and 27 eyes (44%) an UCDVA of 0.0 logMAR. At a distance of 80 centimeter, 60 eyes (98%) had an uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UCIVA) of at least 0.1 log MAR and 48 eyes (79%) an UCIVA of 0.0 logMAR.
Conclusion
The new multifocal IOL with a novel optical concept (5 foci) showed an extensive range of vision, particularly for intermediate and near distances, in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Uncorrected visual acuity over all tested distances, monocularly and binocularly, was excellent, spectacle-independence and patient satisfaction was high.
Dynamic Control of Optical Vector Beams with Reconfigurable BIC Metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Wenjing , ZHANG QU , Yang Xi , Zhao Hefei , Xie Yongzhi , Gao Yunan
Published: January 2024

On-chip dynamic tailoring the polarization states and vortex topological charges of optical vector beams can find vital roles in miniaturized light sources and phase plates. Metasurfaces featuring bound states in the continuum (BIC) are known to generating various polarization states via structural symmetry engineering, but their dynamic tunability has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we propose a reconfigurable vortex wave plate by integrating electrically tunable anisotropic liquid crystal medium with BIC metasurfaces. This scheme allows versatile polarization control spanning nearly the entire Poincar ́e sphere by rotating the liquid crystal molecules. Furthermore, we demonstrate active tuning of the vortex topological charges through interband coupling and band inversions. The on-chip multidimensional manipulation of the vector beam states holds great promises for applications in optical microscopy, manufacturing, and communications.
Pre-event psychiatric states predict trajectories of post-traumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chiba Toshinori , Kubo Takatomi , Nakai Fumiya , Oka Taiki , Kobayashi Nao , Tanichi Masaaki , Murakami Misa , Hamamura Toshitaka , Honjo Masaru , Miyake Yuka , Ide Kentarou , Cortese Aurelio , Nagamine Masanori
Published: January 2024

Recent time-dependent analyses of stress-related disorders have identified heterogeneity of trajectories and their modifying factors. While psychiatric patients are vulnerable to stress events, it is unclear how psychiatric conditions in the general population modulate subsequent stress responses. Using our longitudinal online survey from before the COVID-19 pandemic to post-pandemic follow-ups (n = 3815 Japanese adults), here we identified four trajectories of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) a latent growth mixture model; resilient, chronic, mild chronic, and early response. The depression/anxiety were identified as specific risk factors for the early-response trajectory. In contrast, general psychiatric burden and social withdrawal were identified as common risk/protective factors. Further, we estimated “baseline” PTSS to determine the predictability of the PTSS prognosis from pre-pandemic states. The chronic group showed significantly higher baseline PTSS scores than the mild-chronic and early-response groups, both of which were significantly higher than the resilient group. We concluded that prior psychiatric conditions significantly affect the PTSS trajectory. These results suggest that prior psychiatric conditions may be considered for the prevention and treatment of maladaptive stress responses.
Evaluation of change in oxidative stress in urolithiasis patients following complete stone clearance
Authors: Tarigopula Vivek , Devana Sudheer Kumar , Sharma Aditya P , Zohmangaihi Deepy , Singh Shrawan Kumar
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Prior studies showed that oxidative stress (OS) is increased in urolithiaois patients. Urinary 8-hydroxy 2- deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a well-established marker of OS, and its levels were elevated in patients with urolithiasis. It is unknown whether this increased OS persists even after stone removal.
Objective
We aimed to evaluate the change in urinary 8-OHdG levels in urolithiasis patients following complete stone clearance.
Design, setting and participants:
A prospective pre-post-study design (institute ethics committee: NK/5965/MS/029). Urolithiasis patients undergoing surgery for stone clearance were included. Patients with known comorbidities, malignancy, systemic illnesses, body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, age > 50 years, serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl, and incomplete clearance were excluded. Single tertiary care center.
Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:
Urinary 8-OHdG levels were measured in a 24-hour urine sample using ELISA method preoperatively and post-surgery at three months. Mann- Whitney U test, and Kruskal- Wallis test were applied
Results and limitations:
Forty patients with a mean age and BMI of 34.65(± 11.02) years and 23.58(± 3.23) kg/m2 respectively were analysed. There was no significant difference in urinary 8-OHdG levels following stone clearance [25.770(1.47–60.38) µg/g creatinine vs 32.00(6.57- 117.35) µg/g creatinine; p = 0.63]. No significant correlation was found between age; gender; smoking or alcohol consumption; degree of hydronephrosis; or stone burden and urinary 8-OHdG levels. Limitations include a small sample size.
Conclusions
The baseline OS in urolithiasis patients does not change after complete stone clearance. Whether this persistent OS is responsible for stone recurrence needs to be explored.
Characterization of the 2-ODD DOXC Family and its Members Involved in Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Scutellaria baicalensis
Authors: Zhu Sanming , Cui Mengying , Zhao Qing
Published: January 2024

Background
2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2ODD) superfamily is the second largest enzyme family in the plant genome and plays diverse roles in secondary metabolic pathways. The medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi contains various flavonoids, which have the potential to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as baicalein and myricetin. Flavone synthase I (FNSI) and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) from the DOXC class of the 2ODD family have been reported to participate in flavonoid biosynthesis. It is certainly interesting to study the 2ODD members involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in S. baicalensis.
Results
We provided a genome-wide analysis of the 2ODD family from DOXC class in S. baicalensis genome, a total of 88 2ODD genes were identified, 82 of which were grouped into 25 distinct clades based on phylogenetic analysis of At2ODDs. We then performed a functional analysis of Sb2ODDs involved in the biosynthesis of flavones and dihydroflavonols. Sb2ODD1 and Sb2ODD2 from DOXC38 clade exhibit the activity of FNSI (Flavone synthase I), which exclusively converts pinocembrin to chrysin. Sb2ODD1 has significantly higher transcription levels in the root. While Sb2ODD7 from DOXC28 clade exhibits high expression in flowers, it encodes a F3H (flavanone 3-hydroxylase). This enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of both naringenin and pinocembrin into dihydrokaempferol and pinobanksin, kinetic analysis showed that Sb2ODD7 had high catalytic efficiency to naringenin.
Conclusions
Our experiment suggests that Sb2ODD1 may serve as a supplementary factor to SbFNSII-2 and play a role in flavone biosynthesis specifically in the roots of S. baicalensis. Sb2ODD7 is mainly responsible for dihydrokaempferol biosynthesis in flowers, which can be further directed into the metabolic pathways of flavonols and anthocyanins.
Efficient Methylcyclohexane Dehydrogenation Catalysis by Al2O3-Supported Pt-Fe Alloy Cluster Catalysts
Authors: Xu Rong , akhoundzadeh hossein , Liu Lizhen , Yuan Sheng , Wu Mudi , Zhao Xin , Zheng Wang , Chong Chi Cheng , Voon Huey Lim , Liu Yan
Published: January 2024

Methylcyclohexane (MCH) has emerged as one of the most promising liquid organic hydrogen carriers. The conventional Pt/Al2O3 catalyst for MCH dehydrogenation faces issues of deactivation and low selectivity due to the suboptimal characteristics of Pt. To address these challenges, we developed a Pt-Fe alloy catalyst by modifying Al2O3-supported subnanometer Pt clusters with a sodium ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetate precursor. Spectroscopic and microscopic data reveal that the atomically dispersed Fe dilutes Pt ensemble and modulates its electronic properties through the formation of subnanometer raft-like Pt-Fe alloy, leading to enhanced catalytic stability. Furthermore, Na species suppress the formation of five-membered ring side products, thereby improving the overall selectivity. Remarkably, the Pt-Fe1.2-Na0.6/Al2O3 catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance, including high selectivity and stability, and a high hydrogen evolution rate of 2729 mmol·gPt− 1·min− 1. This superior performance can be attributed to the profound modulation of electronic and geometric properties of Pt within the bimetallic structure, which mitigates coke formation.
The Impact of Covid-19 on Inter-Organizational Coordination in Swedish Eldercare: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Lindhagen Sebastien , Modigh Anton , Winblad Ulrika
Published: January 2024

Background
In Sweden, healthcare provision for the frail elderly entail’s coordination between municipalities and regions. Despite formal agreements, deficiencies persist in achieving practical coordination, leading to adverse effects on patients and increased costs. The Covid-19 pandemic further strained the health- and social care system, exposing shortcomings in eldercare coordination. This paper explores the impact of crises on inter-organizational coordination between long-term organizational collaborators, operationalized through medical care coordination in Swedish nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methods
The study examines coordination between regionally employed physicians and municipal nursing home nurses through a mixed methods approach. A survey was sent to regional physicians and municipal nurses working with eldercare, as well as managers at both nursing homes and healthcare centers. A total of 170 participants responded to the survey, and 20 participants took part in a subsequent follow-up interview.
Results
Findings indicate that medical care coordination was perceived to have functioned relatively well during the pandemic and even to have improved afterward. Key factors contributing to this outcome include the adoption of innovative solutions, such as digital technologies, to address both staff shortages and increased demand brought on by the crisis. Trust and shared cultural values among staff fostered collaboration, while personal engagement became crucial when compatibility was lacking. The professionals also highlighted improved communication channels and enhanced coordination as a means to combat uncertainties during the crisis.
Conclusions
The perception of a well functional crisis coordination among the professional’s contrasts with more critical views in general society. This discrepancy might be attributed to different expectations during crises; professionals adhere to specified standards, values and beliefs within their specialized cultures. Professionals might therefore have a more nuanced perception of what they believe constitutes good medical care coordination. Theoretical contributions include integrating the crisis management literature with inter-organizational coordination in healthcare. The approach provides new insights to clarify the impact of crises on medical care coordination, and identifying important factors regarding inter-organizational coordination during crises.
Observation of the Magnonic Dicke Superradiant Phase Transition
Authors: Kono Junichiro , Kim Dasom , Dasgupta Sohail , Ma Xiaoxuan , Park J-M , Wei Hao-Tian , Luo Liang , Doumani Jacques , Li Xinwei , Yang Wanting , Cheng Di , Kim Richard , Everitt Henry , Kimura Shojiro , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Wang Jigang , Cao Shixun , Bamba Motoaki , Hazzard Kaden
Published: January 2024

Two-level atoms coupled with single-mode cavity photons are predicted to exhibit a quantum phase transition when the coupling strength exceeds a critical value, entering a phase in which atomic polarization and the photonic field are finite even at zero temperature and without external driving. However, this phenomenon, the superradiant phase transition (SRPT), is forbidden by a no-go theorem due to the existence of the diamagnetic term in the Hamiltonian. Here, we present spectroscopic evidence for a magnonic SRPT in ErFeO3, where the role of the photonic mode (two-level atoms) in the photonic SRPT is played by an Fe3+ magnon mode (Er3+ spins). The absence of the diamagnetic term in the Fe3+--Er3+ exchange coupling ensures that the no-go theorem does not apply. Ultrabroadband terahertz and gigahertz magnetospectroscopy experiments revealed the signatures of the SRPT -- a kink and a softening, respectively, of two spin--magnon hybridized modes at the critical point. These results unambiguously demonstrate the long-sought SRPT in thermal equilibrium offered by the Dicke Hamiltonian. The approach of using exchange interactions to realize the magnonic SRPT provides insights into harnessing the powerful phenomena associated with photonic SRPTs and understanding condensed matter phases. Systems near this phase are expected to harbor large-scale entanglement and squeezing, which will potentially provide a route to a new class of quantum technologies.
AI Chatbots in Higher Education. A state-of-the-art review of an emerging research area
Authors: McGrath Cormac , Farazouli Alexandra , Cerratto-Pargman Teresa
Published: January 2024

AI chatbots trained on large language models are an example of Generative AI which brings promises and threats to the higher education sector. In this study, we examine the emerging research area of AI chatbots in higher education (HE), focusing specifically on empirical studies conducted since the release of ChatGPT. Our state-of-the-art review included 23 research articles published between December 2022 and December 2023 exploring the use of AI chatbots in HE settings. We take a three-pronged approach to the empirical data. We first, examine the state of the emerging field of AI chatbots in HE. Second, we identify the theories of learning used in the empirical studies on AI chatbots in HE. Third, we scrutinize the discourses of AI in HE framing the latest empirical work on AI chatbots. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the eclectic state of the nascent research area of AI chatbots in HE, the lack of common conceptual groundings about human learning and the presence of both dystopian and utopian discourses about the future role of AI chatbots in HE.
Art or Artifact: Evaluating the Accuracy, Appeal, and Educational Value of AI-Generated Imagery in DALL·E 3 for Illustrating Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Alhuzaimi Abdullah N , Almansour Mohammed , Aljamaan Fadi , Alhasan Khalid , Batarfi Munirah A , Altamimi Ibraheem , Alharbi Amani , Alsuhaibani Adel Abdulaziz , Alwakeel Leena , Alzahrani Abdulrahman Abdulkhaliq , Alsulaim Khaled B. , Jamal Amr , Khayat Afnan , Alghamdi Mohammed Hussien , Halwani Rabih , Khan Muhammad Khurram , Al-Eyadhy Ayman , Nazer Rakan
Published: January 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly AI-Generated Imagery, holds the capability to transform medical and patient education. This research explores the use of AI-generated imagery, from text-to-images, in medical education, focusing on congenital heart diseases (CHD). Utilizing ChatGPT's DALL·E 3, the research aims to assess the accuracy and educational value of AI-created images for 20 common CHDs. The study involved generating a total of 110 images for normal human heart and 20 common CHDs through DALL·E 3. Then, 33 healthcare professionals systematically assessed these AI-generated images by variable levels of healthcare professionals (HCPs) using a developed framework to individually assess each image anatomical accuracy, in-picture text usefulness, image appeal to medical professionals and the potential to use the image in medical presentations. Each item was assessed on a Likert scale of three. The assessments produced a total of 3630 images’ assessments. Most AI-generated cardiac images were rated poorly as follows: 80.8% of images were rated as anatomically incorrect or fabricated, 85.2% rated to have incorrect text labels, 78.1% rated as not usable for medical education. The nurses and medical interns were found to have a more positive perception about the AI-generated cardiac images compared to the faculty members, pediatricians, and cardiology experts. Complex congenital anomalies were found to be significantly more predicted to anatomical fabrication compared to simple cardiac anomalies. There were significant challenges identified in image generation. These findings suggest adopting a cautious approach in integrating AI imagery in medical education, emphasizing the need for rigorous validation and interdisciplinary collaboration. The study advocates for future AI-models to be fine-tuned with accurate medical data, enhancing their reliability and educational utility.
Patterns of digital health access and use among US adults: A latent class analysis.
Authors: Hegeman Phillip , Vader Daniel , Kamke Kristyn , El-Toukhy Sherine
Published: January 2024

Background
Digital technologies allow users to engage in health-related behaviors associated with positive outcomes. We aimed to identify classes of US adults with distinct digital technologies access and health use patterns and characterize class composition. Data came from Health Information National Trends Survey Wave 5 Cycles 1–4, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of US adults (N = 13,993). We used latent class analysis to identify digital technologies access and health use patterns based on 32 behaviors and access to requisite technologies and platforms that include the internet, internet-enabled devices, health monitors, and electronic health records (EHRs). We ran a multinomial logistic regression to identify sociodemographic and health correlates of class membership (n = 10,734).
Results
Ten classes captured patterns of digital technology access and health use among US adults. This included a digitally isolated, a mobile-dependent, and a super user class, which made up 8.9%, 7.8%, and 13.6% of US adults, respectively, and captured access patterns from only basic cellphones and health monitors to near complete access to web-, mobile-, and EHR-based platforms. Half of US adults belonged to classes that lacked access to EHRs and relied on alternative web-based tools typical of patient portals. The proportion of class members who used digital technologies for health purposes varied from small to large. Older and less educated adults had lower odds of belonging to classes characterized by access or engagement in health behaviors. Hispanic and Asian adults had higher odds of belonging to the mobile-dependent class. Individuals without a regular healthcare provider and those who had not visited a provider in the past year were more likely to belong to classes with limited digital technologies access or health use.
Discussion
Only one third of US adults belonged to classes that had near complete access to digital technologies and whose members engaged in almost all health behaviors examined. Sex, age, and education were associated with membership in classes that lacked access to 1 + digital technologies or exhibited none to limited health uses of such technologies. Results can guide efforts to improve access and health use of digital technologies to maximize associated health benefits and minimize disparities.
Comparison of Methods To Aggregate Climate Data To Predict Crop Yield: An Application to Soybean
Authors: Chen Mathilde , Guilpart Nicolas , Makowski David
Published: January 2024

High-dimensional climate data collected on a daily, monthly or seasonal time step are now commonly used to predict crop yields worldwide with standard statistical models or machine learning models. Since the use of all available individual climate variables generally leads to calculation problems, over-fitting, and over-parameterization, it is necessary to aggregate the climate data used as predictors. However, there is no consensus on the best way to perform this task, and little is known about the impacts of the type of aggregation method used and of the temporal resolution of weather data on model performances. Based on historical data from 1981 to 2016 of soybean yield and climate on 3,447 sites worldwide, this study compares different temporal resolutions (daily, monthly, or seasonal) and dimension reduction techniques (principal component analysis, partial least square regression, and their functional counterparts) to aggregate climate data used as inputs of machine learning and linear regression models predicting yields. Results showed that random forest models outperformed and were less sensitive to climate aggregation methods than linear regressions when predicting soybean yields. With our models, the use of daily climate data did not improve predictive performance compared to monthly data. Models based on principal component analysis or averages of monthly data showed better predictive performance compared to those relying on more sophisticated dimension reduction techniques. By highlighting the high sensitivity of projected impact of climate on crop yields to the temporal resolution and aggregation of climate input data, this study reveals that model performances can be improved by choosing the most appropriate time resolution and aggregation techniques. Practical recommendations are formulated in this article based on our results.
In vitro and in silico anticoccidial activity of the seeds of Lepidium sativum red and black varieties
Authors: Alebachew Yonatan , Wondu  ,   Tigist Getachew3, Tilahun Debora , Adamu Meskerem , Gebre-Mariam Tsige
Published: January 2024

Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of major economic importance in the poultry industry. The exploration of natural alternative strategies such as phytochemicals is becoming significant in controlling coccidiosis. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate the in vitro anticoccidial activity of the seeds of red and black Lepidium sativum varieties that have multiple traditional medicinal uses and identify their major active components. The seeds of red and black L. sativum varieties were extracted with 80% methanol and tested for their in vitro anticoccidial activity using a sporulation inhibition assay. The 80% methanol extract of the red variety was solvent partitioned into four fractions, and each was tested for activity. Then, column chromatography of the active fractions was carried out to isolate compounds. The chemical structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods (1H, 13C and DEPT NMR). The 80 methanol extract of both the black and red varieties inhibited sporulation of oocysts by 83.71% and 98.27% at concentrations of 1000 mg/ml, respectively. Among all tested substances, the chloroform fraction, followed by the hexane, was found to be the most active one with sporulation inhibition values of 93.5% and 98.91% at 500 and 1000 mg/ml doses, respectively. Moreover, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and methyl sinapate were identified and characterized as the major components of the active fractions. Furthermore, molecular docking and conformational similarity scanning study of the compounds and anticoccidial drugs revealed that methyl sinapate had a strong binding affinity and conformational alignment to dihydrofolate reductase (HYDE score, -41.6 KJ/mol) and trimethoprim (FlexS scores, 0.84), respectively. In addition, to find further chemically similar analogs of methyl sinapate, we navigated the chemical space library of billions of commercially available synthetic compounds using the bioinformatics tool infiniSee 5.0.1 and identified 100 molecules with FlexS scores in the range of 0.67–0.78. These findings along with the safety profile derived from the acute oral toxicity tests of the extract suggest L. sativum as an alternative source of treatment for coccidiosis.
Multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma with adenoid cystic features: reporting a rare case.
Authors: Zou xi
Published: January 2024

Multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma with adenoid cystic features (MSCAC) is an uncommon and aggressive malignancy that primarily affects the sinonasal tract. It is characterized by a varied histological appearance, exhibiting similarities to both adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and other sinonasal malignancies. MSCAC presents a diagnostic challenge due to its histological features that overlap with other tumors, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis for appropriate management and prognosis. Here, we present the case of a 49-year-old male with no notable medical history, who presented to the Emergency department with nasal bleeding. A biopsy revealed a tumor displaying a prominent basaloid component, accompanied by high mitotic activity and necrosis, an adenoid cystic-like component, and a non-keratinizing squamous cell component. Immunohistochemistry was performed and supported the diagnosis of multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma with adenoid cystic features. In conclusion, MSCAC is a rare and aggressive malignancy of the sinonasal tract. Its diverse histological appearance and overlapping features with other tumors present diagnostic challenges. This abstract provides an overview of MSCAC, highlighting its clinical presentation, histopathological characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options. Further research and collaboration among experts are necessary to enhance our understanding of this uncommon malignancy and develop standardized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Evaluating the nexus of funding and scientific output in Kazakhstan
Authors: Abdikadirova Anar , Sembiyeva Lyazzat , Temirkhanov Zharaskhan , I. Popov Anatoli , Suchikova Yana
Published: January 2024

This study examines the dynamics and effectiveness of investments in Kazakhstan’s research and development (R&D). The primary aim is to assess the efficiency of scientific research activities in Kazakhstan by analyzing the relationship between R&D investments and scientific outputs across different periods. As a methodological approach, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) calculates efficiency indicators by transforming multiple inputs into outputs. Descriptive analysis comprehensively explains trends and patterns in R&D funding, scientific publications, and patent registrations. The results reveal a substantial increase in R&D expenditure. Despite this, the share of domestic R&D expenditures from the gross domestic product (GDP) declined from 0.25% to 0.12%. The analysis also uncovered a significant surge in scientific publications, with Scopus publications increasing from 1,799 to 28,280 and Web of Science publications rising from 1,468 to 20,532 across the study period. However, a contrasting trend was observed in patent registrations, which decreased from 6,968 to 2,612, indicating potential inefficiencies in translating research into innovations. The study concludes that while Kazakhstan has demonstrated notable progress in enhancing research output, the decline in patent registrations relative to the increase in R&D investments underscores the need for strategic initiatives. These should strengthen industry-academia collaboration, enhance innovation infrastructure, and balance incentives for publications and patents, ensuring that R&D investments translate into tangible innovations and contribute effectively to the nation’s socio-economic development.
Acknowledgment This research article has been supported bу the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan within the project «Development of а model for evaluating the effectiveness of research activities of universities in Kazakhstan based on non-parametric and semi-parametric data analysis» (IRN AP13268842). А.I.Р. thanks the lnstitute of Solid-State Physics, University of Latvia. ISSP UL as the Center of Excellence is supported through the Framework Program for European universities, Union Horizon 2020, H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017 TeamingPhase2, under Grant Agreement No. 739508, CAMART2 project.