bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beneficial effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 in weaned piglets: in vivo and ex vivo analysis
Authors: Garcia G.R. , Dogi C.A. , Poloni V.L. , Fochesato A.S. , De Moreno de Leblanc A. , Cossalter A.M. , Payros D. , Oswald I.P. , Cavaglieri L.R.
Published: October 2018

Probiotics represents an alternative to replace antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed and are able to control enteric bacterial diseases and to improve gut immunity.Saccharomyces cerevisiaeRC016 showed previously inhibition/coagregation of pathogens) and mycotoxins adsorbent ability (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone). The aim of this work was to evaluate beneficial properties ofS. cerevisiaeRC016 in a non-inflammatoryin vivomodel in weaned piglets and in an intestinal inflammationex vivomodel induced by the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels, intestinal cytokines, goblet cells and production parameters were evaluated in a pig model. For thein vivoassays, twelve pigs were weaned at 21 days and assigned to two groups: Control (n=6) and Yeast (n=6). Animals received yeast strain for three weeks. After 22 days the small intestine was recovered for determination of goblet cells and s-IgA. For theex vivoassay, jejunal explants were obtained from 5 weeks old crossbred piglets and treated as follow: (1) control; (2) treated for 3 h with 10 μM DON used as an inflammatory stressor; (3) incubated with 107cfu/ml yeast strain; (4) pre-incubated 1 h with 107cfu/ml yeast strain and then treated for 3 h with 10 μM DON. CCL20, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and IL-22 gene expression was determined by qPCR. Oral administration ofS. cerevisiaeRC016 increased s-IgA, the number of goblet cells in small intestine and all the growth parameters measured. In theex vivomodel, the cytokine profile studied showed a potential anti-inflammatory effect of the administration of the yeast. In conclusion,S. cerevisiaeRC016 is a promising candidate for feed additives formulation to improve animal growth and gut immune system. This yeast strain could be able to improve the gut health through counteracting the weaning-associated intestinal inflammation in piglets.
Nursing Faculty Perceptions of Service-Learning: An Integrative Review
Authors: Sandberg Maryanne T.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Nursing faculty plays a central role in facilitating service learning experiences, yet little is known about their perceptions of service-learning.

Method:

Whit-temore's and Knafl's method for integrative review was used to analyze sources from CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE Complete, ProQuest LLC, and ScienceDirect.

Results:

Literature about nursing faculty perceptions of service-learning was scarce. Therefore, a thematic analysis was completed on 17 diverse sources regarding general faculty perceptions.

Conclusion:

Limited research was discovered related to nursing faculty perceptions, exposing a gap in the literature. Further research may clarify the role of service-learning in nursing education. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(10):584–589.]
Registered Nurses' Experiences of Passing the NCLEX-RN After More Than One Attempt
Authors: Kasprovich Tammy , VandeVusse Leona
Published: October 2018

Background:

In the past decade, little research has been conducted regarding individuals' stories about not initially being successful on the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses. An unsuccessful licensure examination attempt may affect the individual personally and profoundly in ways that could influence their future success.

Method:

Individual in-depth interviews were conducted once with 15 RNs who were initially unsuccessful on the licensure examination and subsequently passed. Data analyses were conducted using both manual and electronic coding through thematic identification. Rigor was ensured by meeting quality criteria for qualitative research.

Results:

Four themes were identified: (a) Pressures all Around, (b) the Stigma of Being Unsuccessful, (c) Correcting the Problems, and (d) Ultimate Triumph in Discovery.

Conclusion:

Following their initial unsuccessful National Council Licen-sure Examination for Registered Nurses results, participants were deeply affected, but after accepting help from family, friends, nursing instructors, and managers, they were able to move forward, change their approaches, and become RNs. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(10):590–597.]
Academic–Practice Partnership: Benefits and Sustainability of the Northeast Region VA Nursing Alliance
Authors: Glynn Donna M. , Wendt Judith , McVey Cecilia , Vessey Judith A.
Published: October 2018

Background:

The Northeast Region VA Nursing Alliance is an academic–practice partnership founded in 2007 between the Veteran's Administration (VA) Boston/Bedford HealthCare Systems and six schools of nursing.

Method:

The purpose of this retrospective review was to examine the outcomes of the Northeast Region VA Nursing Alliance in accordance with the mission, goals, and sustainability of the alliance.

Results:

The review confirmed that the alliance has successfully accomplished the mission and goals and continues to be a leader in academic–practice partnerships.

Conclusion:

Since inception, the academic–practice partnership has increased the number of clinical rotations and clinical faculty, educated nursing students on the care of Veterans, developed dedicated educational nursing units, increased Veteran-centered research, and provided a plethora of educational programs to increase knowledge related to Veteran health care issues. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(10):620–623.]
Ketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Gateway to Novel Treatment Approaches
Authors: Limandri Barbara J.
Published: October 2018

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a disabling and demoralizing phenomenon for patients and clinicians. For many years, treatment for depression has relied on the monoamine theory, with medications limited in efficacy and requiring prolonged use before any therapeutic effects are evident. The current article reviews novel approaches to pharmacological treatment of TRD, including N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonists and other receptor agonists and antagonists beyond serotonin and norepinephrine. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(10), 11–14.]
Estudios de evolución estructural de soluciones solidas de BaTiO3 dopadas con Er3+ (método de reacción en estado sólido
Authors: Pérez-Labra Miguel , Barrientos-Hernández Francisco R. , Hernández-Lara Juan P. , Romero-Serrano José A. , Reyes-Pérez Martín , Reyes-Cruz Víctor E. , Juárez-Tapia Julio C. , Urbano-Reyes Gustavo
Published: October 2018

Se sintetizaron composiciones de BaTiO3 dopadas con erbio empleando el método convencional de reacción en estado sólido en atmosfera de aire, de acuerdo a la formula general Ba1-xErxTi1-x/4O3 y x = 0,0; 0,003; 0,005; 0,01; 0,05; 0,1; 0,15; 0,20; 0,25; 0,30; 0,35 Er3+ (% peso). Las muestras de BaTiO3 dopadas con Er3+ fueron preparadas usando carbonato de bario [BaCO3], óxido de titanio [TiO2] y óxido de erbio [Er2O3] como precursores. Los polvos fueron decarbonatados a 900 °C por 12 h y sinterizados a 1400 °C por 12 h. La evolución estructural de las soluciones sólidas fue monitoreada por difracción de rayos X (DRX), espectroscopia Raman (ER), espectroscopia de infrarrojo (EI) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB-EDS). Los resultados mostraron que la fase cristalina de las partículas obtenidas fue BaTiO3 predominantemente tetragonal. Se encontró una fase secundaria identificada como pirocloro (Er2Ti2O7) cuando el contenido de Er3+ en las muestras fue mayor que 0,05 % peso. El límite de solubilidad de Er3+ en la estructura cristalina del BaTiO3 se alcanzó cuando x fue = 0,05. Los resultados obtenidos por MEB-EDS indicaron la incorporación de erbio en la estructura cristalina del BaTiO3. Los resultados de EI no mostraron bandas de contaminación de grupos O-H en los productos obtenidos.
Un estudio adicional de la cinética de recristalización y crecimiento de grano del acero twip laminado en frío
Authors: De las Cuevas Fernando , Aguilar Claudio , Gil Sevillano Javier
Published: October 2018

Muestras de acero TWIP laminadas en caliente en laboratorio de composición, 22% de Mn, 0,6% de C (% en masa) se laminaron en frío a reducciones de 40%, 50%, 60% y 70% para recocerlas isotérmicamente en el intervalo de temperatura 450 ºC ≤ T ≤ 1100 ºC. El objetivo fue estudiar la precipitación y su efecto razonable en la recristalización estática y cinética de crecimiento de grano. Se encontraron dos tipos de precipitados en 600 ºC ≤ T ≤ 700 ºC a tiempos largos de recocido: (Fe, Mn)3C – Cementita y Carbonitruros de Vanadio. El tamaño de grano recristalizado fue muy fino D0 ≤ 2 μm. Además, se encontró que la textura de laminación se hereda en la recristalización muy debilitada. La energía de activación para la recristalización calculada fue Qsoft = 281 ± 70 kJ·mol-1 que se corresponde prácticamente con la energía de activación para la autodifusión en austenita (270 kJ·mol-1) y para la difusión del Mn en austenita (265 kJ·mol-1). Sin embargo, la energía de activación de crecimiento de grano obtenida fue significativamente mayor QGG = 384 ± 60 kJ·mol-1 con un exponente de crecimiento de grano, nGG ~ 4. Consecuentemente, la explicación más razonable es que la cantidad de precipitados es suficiente para tener un efecto de fijación en la migración de las juntas de grano durante el crecimiento debido a que la longitud media entre precipitados, Lprec, es menor que algún valor umbral de tamaño de grano, Lprec < Dumbral, siendo D0
Early employment networks of Paul Rapin-Thoyras: Huguenot soldier and tutor (1685-1692)
Authors: Green Michaël
Published: October 2018

Paul Rapin-Thoyras (1661-1725), a Huguenot, is well-known for his book Histoire d’Angleterre. In this article, we focus on his early days, from his youth to his appointment as the head-tutor to Henry Bentinck, Viscount Woodstock, son of the powerful associate of King William III, Hans William Bentinck, the Earl of Portland. By following education, the choices he made in life and career, by reconstructing his rather elaborate networks, we trace how the young Huguenot refugee manages to move beyond military service and achieve this high nomination. Finally, Rapin’s path is compared to other refugees who found themselves in a similar situation.Paul Rapin-Thoyras (1661-1725) est un Huguenot bien connu pour son livre Histoire d’Angleterre. Le but de cet article, qui concerne la première partie de sa vie, est de montrer les mesures par lesquelles Rapin-Thoyras est devenu le gouverneur du fils de Hans Willem Bentinck, earl de Portland, un des favoris de Roi Guillaume III d’Angleterre. Reconstruire son éducation, les choix qu’il a effectués et ses réseaux va permettre de découvrir comment un jeune émigré huguenot a échangé une carrière militaire pour un poste d’éducation dans la haute société. Finalement, une comparaison est faite avec d’autres huguenots qui se trouvaient dans une situation semblable.
OECD ÜLKELERİNDE YAŞAM TATMİNİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: BAŞOL Oğuz
Published: October 2018

Bireyin hayata karşı genel tutumu ve yaşamdan duyduğu memnuniyet olarak ifade edilen yaşam tatmini, yüzlerce hatta binlerce değişkenden etkilenmekte ve tamamen bireyin algısına göre şekillenmektedir. Benzer bir biçimde ülkelerin de mutluluk ve refah seviyelerinin ölçümlenmesi için yalnızca gelirin kullanıldığı modeller yeterli olmamaktadır. Bu gelişmelerden hareketle Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (OECD) 2011 yılında refahın ölçülmesi için yeni bir endeks olan Daha İyi Yaşam Endeksini (Better Life Index) oluşturmuştur. Mevcut araştırma, 2016 yılı Daha İyi Yaşam Endeksi verilerini kullanarak, OECD üyesi ülkelerde yaşam tatminini etkileyen dinamikleri keşfetmeyi hedeflemiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi tekniğinin ve model geliştirme stratejisinin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada sonuçlar; sağlığın ve pozitif iş kalitesinin yaşam tatminini pozitif etkilediğini; gelir ve negatif iş kalitesinin ise yaşam tatminini negatif etkilediğini göstermiştir.
Estimation of corrosive and scaling trend in drinking water systems in the city of Azogues, Ecuador
Authors: García-Ávila Fernando , Ramos-Fernández Lía , Zhindón-Arévalo César
Published: October 2018

The quality of drinking water flowing in a distribution network can possess corrosive characteristics that may cause the material degradation of pipes and accessories. This problem can result in reduction of the service life of pipes and create a major public health problem. The agreement between the physical-chemical water quality analysis and national standards are not enough to confirm the balance of the water quality in terms of corrosion. In order to predict pipe corrosion in water distribution system networks, the corrosive trend was evaluated using the Langelier (LSI), Ryznar (RSI), and Larson-Skold (LRI) indexes based on measurements of pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, calcium hardness, sulfate and chloride. This study was setup with 180 samples collected in six zones of the distribution network, from July to December of 2017, according to the standard methods for the analysis of drinking water.  The results indicate a variation of the LSI from -1.22 to -1.68; RSI from 9.75 to 10.52 and LRI from 0.46 to 0.77. A linear model was fitted for each index to predict the corrosion with the water quality conditions of this study case. Therefore, the drinking water of the city of Azogues, Ecuador has a corrosive tendency from significant to severe. Corrosion indices were calculated to provide useful information on the water's corrosiveness. These results indicate the need to constantly monitor the corrosion rate in the distribution network and conduct a laboratory study to adjust effective parameters such as pH, in order to control corrosion.
Daily water demand
Authors: Lombardi Francesco , Silvagni Guglielmo , Sirini Piero , Spagnuolo Riccardo , Volpi Fabio
Published: October 2018

This paper develops a model to characterize the demand for domestic water based on its end users' usage habits. The use of individual residential appliances (bathroom sink, toilet, shower, bath, etc.) is interpreted using a probabilistic approach. The paper also applies the model to the distribution network of the municipality of Sparanise, a small city in the province of Caserta, Italy. The results of this application are compared to the real output of the city's actual water reservoir. Flow variability during the day was successfully modelled. A comparison of the simulated and recorded data on a daily level indicates the proper adjustment of the volume distribution; the peak flow rates were also comparable. The model could be a useful tool for analyzing domestic water consumption, especially in the design and management of water distribution networks. Use of the model would particularly aid the Integrated Urban Water Management Operator both in optimizing the operating pressures in the various districts’ networks and in predicting domestic water consumption when drafting its water balance documents.
Space Occupying Lesion in the Liver Caused by Hepatic Visceral Larva Migrans: A Case Report
Authors: Park Kye-Yeung , Park Hoon-Ki , Hwang Hwan-Sik , Ryu Jae-Sook , Lee Kyeong-Geun , Jang Ki-Seok
Published: October 2018

Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is one of the clinical syndromes of human toxocariasis. We report a case of hepatic VLM presenting preprandial malaise and epigastric discomfort in a 58-year-old woman drinking raw roe deer blood. The imaging studies of the abdomen showed a 74-mm hepatic mass featuring hepatic VLM. Anti–Toxocara canis immunoglobulin G (IgG) was observed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot. Despite anthelmintic treatment, the patient complained of newly developed cough and skin rash with severe eosinophilia. Hepatic lesion increased in size. The patient underwent an open left lobectomy of the liver. After the surgery, the patient was free of symptoms such as preprandial malaise, epigastric discomfort, cough, and skin rash. Laboratory test showed a normal eosinophilic count at postoperative 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 4 years. The initial optical density value of 2.55 of anti–T. canis IgG in ELISA was found to be negative (0.684) at postoperative 21 months. Our case report highlights that a high degree of clinical suspicion for hepatic VLM should be considered in a patient with a history of ingestion of raw food in the past, presenting severe eosinophilia and a variety of symptoms which reflect high worm burdens. Symptom remission, eosinophilia remission, and complete radiological resolution of lesions can be complete with surgery.
Case Report: Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection in a Patient with HTLV-1: An Infection with Filariform and Rhabditiform Larvae, Eggs, and Free-Living Adult Females Output
Authors: De Souza Joelma Nascimento , Soares Barbara Nascimento Rocha Ribeiro , Goes Luana Leandro , Lima Cintia de Souza , Barreto Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira , Jacobina Beatriz Soares , Gonçalves Noilson , Teixeira Marcia Cristina Aquino , Galvão-Castro Bernardo , Grassi Maria Fernanda Rios , Soares Neci Matos
Published: October 2018

Strongyloides stercoralis is the main etiological agent of human strongyloidiasis. Severe strongyloidiasis is commonly associated to alcoholism, corticostereoid use, and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) coinfection. Herein, we report a case of a 13-year-old boy coinfected with S. stercoralis and HTLV-1, excreting several parasitic forms in the stool. The parasitological examination of his feces showed a large amount of filariform (about 3,000 larvae per gram of feces) and rhabditiform larvae (about 2,000 larvae per gram of feces). In addition, free-living adult females (about 50 parasites per gram of feces) and eggs (about 60 eggs per gram of feces) were detected. The main laboratory findings pointed to high immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels (228 UI/mL) and eosinophila (11.6%). The patient was treated with three courses of ivermectin (200 µg/kg twice, 2 weeks apart), achieving the parasitological cure. An increase of about 19 times in interleucin (IL)-17 level was observed following the parasitological cure, in addition to a decrease in the white blood cell, eosinophil counts, and IgE levels. This is the first case report, to our knowledge, in which an S. stercoralis adult free-living female was described in human feces and where an increase in IL-17 levels after Strongyloides treatment in a HTLV-1 coinfected individual was observed. This finding raises the need for further studies about IL-17 immunomodulation in S. stercoralis and HTLV-1 coinfected patients.
Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in NAT9 and MAP3K3 genes with litter size traits in Berkshire pigs
Authors: Hwang Jung Hye , An Sang Mi , Yu Go Eun , Park Da Hye , Kang Deok Gyeong , Kim Tae Wan , Park Hwa Chun , Ha Jeongim , Kim Chul Wook
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Litter size is an economically important trait in the pig industry. We aimed to identify genetic markers associated with litter size, which can be used in breeding programs for improving reproductive traits. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Berkshire pigs in the N-acetyltransferase 9 (NAT9) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MAP3K3) genes were from RNA sequencing results, and already exist in the databank (NCBI), and were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A total of 272 Berkshire sows were used to examine the genotype, and their association with litter size traits was analyzed. The NAT9 SNP was located in chromosome 12 exon 640 mRNA (A > G) and the MAP3K3 SNP was located in chromosome 12 intron 11 (80, C > T). Association analysis indicated that the GG genotype of NAT9 and the CT genotype of MAP3K3 had the highest values for litter size traits. The GG genotype expressed higher levels of NAT9 mRNA in the endometrium than the other genotypes did, and a positive correlation was found between litter size traits and NAT9, but not MAP3K3 expression level. These results indicate that the NAT9 and MAP3K3 can be used as candidate genes applicable in breeding program for the improvement of litter size traits in Berkshire pigs.
Quantifying primary and secondary humic-like substances in
urban aerosol based on emission source characterization and a
source-oriented air quality model
Authors: Li Xinghua , Han Junzan , Hopke Philip K. , Hu Jingnan , Shu Qi , Chang Qing , Ying Qi
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) are a mixture of high molecular weight, water-soluble organic compounds that are widely distributed in atmospheric aerosol. Their sources are rarely studied quantitatively. Biomass burning is generally accepted as a major primary source of ambient humic-like substances (HULIS) with additional secondary material formed in the atmosphere. However, the present study provides direct evidence that residential coal burning is also a significant source of ambient HULIS, especially in the heating season in northern China based on source measurements, ambient sampling and analysis, and apportionment with source-oriented CMAQ modeling. Emissions tests show that residential coal combustion produces 5 to 24 % of the emitted organic carbon (OC) as HULIS carbon (HULISc). Estimation of primary emissions of HULIS in Beijing indicated that residential biofuel and coal burning contribute about 70 % and 25 % of annual primary HULIS, respectively. Vehicle exhaust, industry, and power plants contributions are negligible. Average concentration of ambient HULIS was 7.5 μg/m3 in atmospheric PM2.5 in urban Beijing and HULIS exhibited obvious seasonal variations with the highest concentrations in winter. HULISc account for 7.2 % of PM2.5 mass, 24.5 % of OC, and 59.5 % of water-soluble organic carbon, respectively. HULIS are found to correlate well with K+, Cl−, sulfate, and secondary organic aerosol suggesting its sources include biomass burning, coal combustion and secondary aerosol formation. Source apportionment based on CMAQ modeling shows residential biofuel and coal burning, secondary formation are important annual sources of ambient HULIS, contributing 57.5 %, 12.3 %, and 25.8 %, respectively.
Atmospheric oxidation capacity in Chinese megacities during
photochemical polluted season: radical budget and secondary pollutants
formation
Authors: Tan Zhaofeng , Lu Keding , Jiang Meiqing , Su Rong , Wang Hongli , Lou Shengrong , Fu Qingyan , Zhai Chongzhi , Tan Qinwen , Yue Dingli , Chen Duohong , Wang Zhanshan , Xie Shaodong , Zeng Limin , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric oxidation capacity is the core of converting fresh-emitted substances to secondary pollutants. In this study, we present the in-situ measurements at four Chinese megacities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chongqing) in China during photochemical polluted seasons. The atmospheric oxidation capacity is evaluated using an observational-based model with the input of radical chemistry precursor measurements. The radical budget analysis illustrates the importance of HONO and HCHO photolysis, which contribute nearly half of the total radical primary sources. The radical propagation is efficient due to abundant of NO in the urban environments. Hence, the production rate of secondary pollutants, i.e. ozone and fine particle precursors (H2SO4, HNO3, and ELVOCs) is fast resulting in secondary air pollution. The ozone budget demonstrates that strong ozone production occurs in the urban area which results in fast ozone concentration increase locally and further transported to downwind areas. On the other hand, the O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity tests show that ozone production is VOC-limited, among which alkenes and aromatics should be first mitigated for ozone pollution control in the presented four megacities. However, NOx emission control will lead to more server ozone pollution due to the drawback-effect of NOx reduction. For fine particle pollution, the role of HNO3−NO3− partitioning system is investigated with a thermal dynamic model (ISORROPIA2) due to the importance of particulate nitrate during photochemical polluted seasons. The strong nitrate acid production converts efficiently to nitrate particles due to high RH and ammonium-rich conditions during photochemical polluted seasons. This study highlights the efficient radical chemistry maintains the atmospheric oxidation capacity in Chinese megacities, which results in secondary pollutions characterized by ozone and fine particles.
Turbulent processes in the Earth's magnetotail: spectral and statistical research
Authors: Kozak Liudmyla V. , Petrenko Bohdan A. , Lui Anthony T. Y. , Kronberg Elena A. , Grigorenko Elena E. , Prokhorenkov Andrew S.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We use the magnetic field measurements from four spacecraft of the Cluster-II
mission (three events from 2005 to 2015) for the analysis of turbulent
processes in the Earth's magnetotail. For this study we conduct the spectral,
wavelet and statistical analysis. In the framework of statistical
examination, we determine the kurtosis for selected events and conduct
extended self-similarity evaluation (analysis of distribution function
moments of magnetic field fluctuations on different scales). We compare the
high-order structure function of magnetic fluctuations during dipolarization
with the isotropic Kolmogorov model and three-dimensional log-Poisson model
with She–Leveque parameters. We obtain power-law scaling of the generalized
diffusion coefficient (the power index that varies within the range of
0.2–0.7). The obtained results show the presence of super-diffusion
processes. We find the significant difference of the spectral indices for the
intervals before and during the dipolarization. Before dipolarization the
spectral index lies in the range from -1.68±0.05 to -2.08±0.05
(∼5/3 according to the Kolmogorov model). During dipolarization the
type of turbulent motion changes: on large timescales the turbulent flow is
close to the homogeneous models of Kolmogorov and Iroshnikov–Kraichnan (the
spectral index lies in the range from −2.20 to −1.53), and at smaller
timescales the spectral index is in the range from −2.89 to −2.35 (the
Hall–MHD model). The kink frequency is less than or close to the average
value of the proton gyrofrequency. The wavelet analysis shows the presence of both direct and inverse cascade
processes, which indicates the possibility of self-organization processes, as
well as the presence of Pc pulsations.
Trichodesmium physiological ecology and phosphate reduction in the western tropical South Pacific
Authors: Frischkorn Kyle R. , Krupke Andreas , Guieu Cécile , Louis Justine , Rouco Mónica , Salazar Estrada Andrés E. , Van Mooy Benjamin A. S. , Dyhrman Sonya T.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. N2 fixation by the genus Trichodesmium is predicted to support a large proportion of the primary productivity across the oligotrophic oceans, regions that are considered among the largest biomes on Earth. Many of these environments remain poorly sampled, limiting our understanding of Trichodesmium physiological ecology in these critical oligotrophic regions. Trichodesmium colonies, communities that consist of the Trichodesmium host and their associated microbiome, were collected across the oligotrophic western tropical South Pacific (WTSP). These samples were used to assess host clade distribution, host and microbiome metabolic potential, and functional gene expression, with a focus on identifying Trichodesmium physiological ecology in this region. Genes sets related to phosphorus, iron, and phosphorus–iron co-limitation were dynamically expressed across the WTSP transect, suggestive of the importance of these resources in driving Trichodesmium physiological ecology in this region. A gene cassette for phosphonate biosynthesis was detected in Trichodesmium, the expression of which co-varied with the abundance of Trichodesmium Clade III, which was unusually abundant relative to Clade I in this environment. Coincident with the expression of the gene cassette, phosphate reduction to phosphite and low-molecular-weight phosphonate compounds was measured in Trichodesmium colonies. The expression of genes that enable use of such reduced-phosphorus compounds were also measured in both Trichodesmium and the microbiome. Overall, these results highlight physiological strategies employed by consortia in an undersampled region of the oligotrophic WTSP and reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying previously observed high rates of phosphorus reduction in Trichodesmium colonies.
A global spatially contiguous solar-induced fluorescence (CSIF) dataset using neural networks
Authors: Zhang Yao , Joiner Joanna , Alemohammad Seyed Hamed , Zhou Sha , Gentine Pierre
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Satellite-retrieved solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has shown
great potential to monitor the photosynthetic activity of terrestrial
ecosystems. However, several issues, including low spatial and temporal
resolution of the gridded datasets and high uncertainty of the individual
retrievals, limit the applications of SIF. In addition, inconsistency in
measurement footprints also hinders the direct comparison between gross
primary production (GPP) from eddy covariance (EC) flux towers and
satellite-retrieved SIF. In this study, by training a neural network (NN)
with surface reflectance from the MODerate-resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and SIF from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2),
we generated two global spatially contiguous SIF (CSIF) datasets at moderate
spatiotemporal (0.05∘ 4-day) resolutions during the MODIS era, one for
clear-sky conditions (2000–2017) and the other one in all-sky conditions
(2000–2016). The clear-sky instantaneous CSIF (CSIFclear-inst)
shows high accuracy against the clear-sky OCO-2 SIF and little bias across
biome types. The all-sky daily average CSIF (CSIFall-daily) dataset
exhibits strong spatial, seasonal and interannual dynamics that are
consistent with daily SIF from OCO-2 and the Global Ozone Monitoring
Experiment-2 (GOME-2). An increasing trend (0.39 %) of annual average
CSIFall-daily is also found, confirming the greening of Earth in
most regions. Since the difference between satellite-observed SIF and CSIF is
mostly caused by the environmental down-regulation on SIFyield,
the ratio between OCO-2 SIF and CSIFclear-inst can be an effective
indicator of drought stress that is more sensitive than the normalized
difference vegetation index and enhanced vegetation index. By comparing
CSIFall-daily with GPP estimates from 40 EC flux towers across the
globe, we find a large cross-site variation (c.v. = 0.36) of the GPP–SIF
relationship with the highest regression slopes for evergreen needleleaf
forest. However, the cross-biome variation is relatively limited
(c.v. = 0.15). These two contiguous SIF datasets and the derived GPP–SIF
relationship enable a better understanding of the spatial and temporal
variations of the GPP across biomes and climate.
Ocean Phosphorus Inventory and Ocean Deoxygenation:
Large Uncertainties in Future Projections on Millennial
Timescales
Authors: Kemena Tronje P. , Oschlies Andreas , Koeve Wolfgang , Wallmann Klaus , Landolfi Angela , Dale Andrew W.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Previous studies have suggested that weathering and benthic phosphorus (P) fluxes, triggered by climate warming, can increase the oceanic P inventory on millennial time scales, promoting ocean productivity and deoxygenation. In this study, we assessed the major uncertainties in projected P inventories and their imprint on ocean deoxygenation using an Earth system model of intermediate complexity for a business-as-usual carbon dioxide (CO2) emission scenario until year 2300 and subsequent linear decline to zero emissions until year 3000. Model results suggest a large spread in the simulated oceanic P inventory due to uncertainties in (1) assumptions for weathering parameters, (2) the representation of bathymetry on slopes and shelves in the model bathymetry, (3) the parametrization of benthic P fluxes and (4) the representation of sediment P inventories. Our best estimate for changes in the global ocean P inventory by the year 5000 caused by global warming amounts to +30 % compared to pre-industrial levels. Weathering, benthic and anthropogenic fluxes of P contributed +25 %, +3 % and +2 % respectively. The total range of oceanic P inventory changes across all model simulations varied between +2 % and +60 %. Suboxic volumes were up to 5 times larger than in a model simulation with a constant oceanic P inventory. Considerably large amounts of the additional P left the ocean surface unused by phytoplankton via physical transport processes as preformed P. Nitrogen fixation was not able to adjust the oceanic nitrogen inventory to the increasing P levels or to compensate for the nitrogen loss due to increased denitrification. This is in contrast to palaeo reconstructions of large-scale deoxygenation events. We suggest that uncertainties in P weathering, nitrogen fixation and benthic P feedbacks need to be reduced to achieve more reliable projections of oceanic deoxygenation on millennial timescales.
Has fire policy decreased the return period of the largest wildfire events in France? A Bayesian assessment based on extreme value theory
Authors: Evin Guillaume , Curt Thomas , Eckert Nicolas
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Very
large wildfires have high human, economic, and ecological impacts so that
robust evaluation of their return period is crucial. Preventing such events
is a major objective of the new fire policy set up in France in 1994, which
is oriented towards fast and massive fire suppression. Whereas this policy is
probably efficient for reducing the mean burned area (BA), its effect on the
largest fires is still unknown. In this study, we make use of statistical
extreme value theory (EVT) to compute return periods of very large BAs in
southern France, for two distinct periods (1973 to 1994 and 1995 to 2016) and
for three pyroclimatic regions characterized by specific fire activities.
Bayesian inference and related predictive simulations are used to fairly
evaluate related uncertainties. Results demonstrate that the BA corresponding
to a return period of 5 years has actually significantly decreased, but that
this is not the case for large return periods (e.g., 50 years). For example,
in the most fire-prone region, which includes Corsica and Provence, the
median 5-year return level decreased from 5000 to 2400 ha, while the median
50-year return level decreased only from 17 800 to 12 500 ha. This finding
is coherent with the recent occurrence of conflagrations of large and intense
fires clearly far beyond the suppression capacity of firemen. These fires may
belong to a new generation of fires promoted by long-term fuel accumulation,
urbanization into the wildland, and ongoing climate change. These findings
may help adapt the operational system of fire prevention and suppression to
ongoing changes. Also, the proposed methodology may be useful for other case
studies worldwide.
Leads and ridges in Arctic sea ice from RGPS data and a new
tracking algorithm
Authors: Hutter Nils , Zampieri Lorenzo , Losch Martin
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Leads and pressure ridges are dominant features of the Arctic sea ice cover. Not only do they affect heat loss and surface drag, but also provide insight into the underlying physics of sea ice deformation. Due to their elongated shape they are referred as Linear Kinematic Features (LKFs). This paper introduces two methods that detect and track LKFs in sea ice deformation data and establish an LKF data set for the entire observing period of the RADARSAT Geophysical Processor System (RGPS). Both algorithms are available as open-source code and applicable to any gridded sea-ice drift and deformation data. The LKF detection algorithm classifies pixels with higher deformation rates compared to the immediate environment as LKF pixels, divides the binary LKF map into small segments, and re-connects multiple segments into individual LKFs based their distance and orientation relative to each other. The tracking algorithm uses sea-ice drift information to estimate a first guess of LKF distribution and identifies tracked features by the degree of overlap between detected features and the first guess. An optimization of the parameters of both algorithms is presented, as well as an extensive evaluation of both algorithms against hand-picked features in a reference data set. An LKF data set is derived from RGPS deformation data for the years from 1996 to 2008 that enables a comprehensive description of LKFs. LKF densities and LKF intersection angles derived from this data set agree well with previous estimates. Further, a power-law distribution of LKF length, an exponential distribution of LKF lifetimes, and a strong link to atmospheric drivers, here Arctic cyclones, is derived from the data set. Both algorithms are applied to output of a numerical sea-ice model to compare the LKF intersection angles in a high-resolution Arctic sea-ice simulation with the LKF data set.
Turnitin® Use at a Canadian University
Authors: Zaza Christine , McKenzie Amanda
Published: October 2018

While the text-matching tool, Turnitin®, has traditionally been used to deter and detect plagiarism, more recently, instructors have started to use this tool for formative self-assessment. To describe Turnitin®’s use in practice and to explore perceptions of this tool, we surveyed 940 students, teaching assistants, and instructors at a Canadian university. Our findings indicate that Turnitin® was more commonly used for plagiarism detection than for formative self-assessment. The majority of respondents had positive views of Turnitin®, and 70% of students stated that they had no concerns about using this tool. Despite these positive findings, content analysis of open-ended responses indicate that students experience increased anxiety of being falsely accused of plagiarism and have concerns about their work being stored in the Turnitin® database. Our findings lead us to conclude that there is a need for more information and improved communication about Turnitin® for all three groups.
Bien que l’outil Turnitin® de mise en correspondance de texte ait été traditionnellement utilisé pour prévenir et détecter le plagiat, plus récemment, les instructeurs ont commencé à utiliser cet outil pour l’auto-évaluation formative. Afin de décrire l’emploi de Turnitin® dans la pratique et d’explorer les perceptions de cet outil, nous avons réalisé une enquête par sondage d’opinion auprès de 940 étudiants, assistants pédagogiques et instructeurs d’une université canadienne. Nos résultats indiquent que l’outil Turnitin® est davantage utilisé pour détecter le plagiat que pour l’auto-évaluation formative. La majorité des répondants avaient une opinion positive concernant Turnitit® et 70 % des étudiants ont déclaré qu’ils n’avaient aucune inquiétude concernant l’emploi de cet outil. Malgré ces résultats positifs, l’analyse du contenu des réponses aux questions ouvertes indique que les étudiants avaient peur d’être accusés à tort de plagiat et étaient inquiets que leurs travaux soient sauvegardés dans la base de données de Turnitin®. Nos résultats nous conduisent à conclure que pour ces trois groupes, il faudrait avoir davantage d’information et améliorer la communication concernant Turnitin®.
Sharing Narratives to Foster Mental Health Literacy in Teacher Candidates
Authors: Woloshyn Vera , Savage Michael J
Published: October 2018

This study explored the nature of teacher candidates’ mental health narratives in the context of completing an elective course in mental health and wellness. How students deconstructed their narratives and the narratives of their peers over time was also explored. Participants included 67 fourth-year students completing a five-year concurrent teacher education program. Data was collected over two academic years and consisted of students’ beginning-of-course and end-of-course narratives. The narratives were analyzed using content and thematic analysis. The findings are discussed in the context of using shared narratives as case study to promote self-reflection, discussion, problem-solving and mental health literacy within undergraduate courses.
Cette étude explore la nature des récits sur la santé mentale racontés par des étudiants à l’enseignement en train de terminer un cours sur la santé mentale et le bien-être. Nous avons exploré la manière dont les étudiants ont décortiqué leurs récits ainsi que les récits de leurs pairs au fil du temps. Les participants consistaient de 67 étudiants de quatrième année inscrits dans un programme concomitant de formation des enseignants de cinq ans. Nous avons recueilli des données au cours de deux années universitaires; ces données représentaient des récits d’étudiants racontés au début du cours et à la fin du cours. Les récits ont été étudiés grâce à une analyse du contenu et des thèmes. Les résultats sont discutés dans le contexte du partage des récits en tant qu’études de cas afin de promouvoir l’auto-réflexion, la discussion, la résolution de problèmes et la compréhension de la santé mentale dans les cours de premier cycle.
Notes on some Japanese smut fungi. 6. Macalpinomyces arundinellae-setosae and Sporisorium doidgeae newly recorded, and new hosts of Anthracoidea microsora
Authors: Denchev Cvetomir M. , Masaki Tomomi , Otsubo Kanade , Denchev Teodor T.
Published: October 2018

Macalpinomyces arundinellae-setosae, known only from Australia and Thailand, is reported for the first time from Japan, on a new host plant, Arundinella hirta. Sporisorium doidgeae is also recorded as a new species for Japan, on Capillipedium parviflorum. Carex pisiformis,
C. sachalinensis var. iwakiana, and C. stenostachys var. stenostachys are new host plants of Anthracoidea microsora, a species endemic to Japan.
Phylacia cylindrica sp. nov. from Brazil
Authors: Lacerda Lorena Tigre , Bezerra Jose Luiz , Pereira Jadergudson
Published: October 2018

A new species, Phylacia cylindrica, characterized by cylindrical stromata with constricted bases, is described from the southern region of the State of Bahia, Brazil. A key to Phylacia taxa found in Brazil is presented.
The Heterobasidion insulare complex from Pakistan
Authors: Saba Malka , Khalid Abdul Nasir , Sharif Saira , Iqbal Muhammad Sajjad
Published: October 2018

Heterobasidion linzhiense and H. orientale were collected from Pinus wallichiana forests. Both species are described and illustrated based on the western Himalayan specimens. Combined nrDNA ITS and LSU sequence analysis supports the identity of these species in
Heterobasidion insulare complex. They represent new species record from pristine forested areas of Pakistan, and Pinus wallichiana is recorded as new host for both species.
A checklist of asexual fungi from Costa Rica
Authors: Granados-Montero Milagro , Minter David W. , Castañeda Ruiz Rafael F.
Published: October 2018

Mycotaxon is pleased to add to our 'web-list' page the following new annotated species distribution list under Central America (Costa Rica): A check list of asexual fungi from Costa Rica by Milagro Granados-Montero, David W. Minter, Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz. This brings to 129
the number of free access mycobiota now available on our website: http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/weblists.html
Levinas on the Knife Edge: Body, Race, and Fascism in 1934
Authors: Cohoon Christopher
Published: October 2018

This article concerns a concept I call “corporeal facticity.” This concept, which refers to the basic existential experience of embodiment as an inescapable self-enchainment, is introduced in Levinas's 1934 essay “Reflections on the Philosophy of Hitlerism.” While others have interpreted this perplexing early essay in liberal and anti-fatalist terms, I argue that its powerful political arguments against both liberalism and Nazi fascism succeed only if we recognize that Levinas is affirming the fatalism of corporeal facticity as a basic existential condition rather than denouncing it, as others have thought, as the central error of Hitlerism or as the link between Hitlerism and Heidegger. After further showing how Levinas's account furnishes a complex anti-liberal diagnosis of Hitlerian biological racism, I conclude by sketching how the 1934 thesis of corporeal facticity is implicitly renewed in the conception of ethical embodiment that Levinas develops at the other end of his career in Otherwise than Being (1974).
The Human as Double Bind: Sylvia Wynter and the Genre of “Man”
Authors: Parker Emily Anne
Published: October 2018

Sylvia Wynter's philosophy of sociogenesis is an implicit response to a double bind instituted by conceiving of humanity in what she calls generic terms. Either one is human and measured by a morphology that privileges an implicit whiteness, masculinity, cis-ness, hetero-ness, symmetry, and ability, or one is a biological organism without necessarily having recourse to the recognition humans share with each other. Wynter addresses this double bind in arguing first that what is political has in fact always had ecological implications. Bodies denied in politics are in fact of great consequence for politics. This implicit morphology of the genre “Man” has always included the presumption that “Man” can and does act unilaterally. And second, Wynter addresses the double bind in her reading of Fanonian sociogenesis. There is no generic body, as Wynter reads Fanon. The way in which a body is regarded, given the “sociogenic principles” of a political context, is an indistinguishably biological-political matter.
Philosophies or Phonographies? On the Political Stakes of Theorizing About and Through “Music”
Authors: James Robin
Published: October 2018

This article compares two different ways twentieth- and twenty-first-century scholars use music or sound as a model of abstraction. The methods common in academic philosophy are conceptually flawed: they use an audiovisual litany to misrepresent the difference between methods of abstraction as the difference between sight and hearing. They are also politically flawed: they intensify and renaturalize philosophy's historical exclusion of scholarship by black intellectuals and rearticulate philosophy's traditional enclosure of the intellectual commons. In contrast, the phonographic methods common in Africana thought ground their concepts of sound not in opposition to sight or vision but in black aesthetics and expressive traditions. Avoiding both binary litanies and racialized, gendered practices of enclosure, phonographic methods are better models for theorizing about and through sound.
Freud Beyond Foucault: Thinking Pleasure as a Site of Resistance
Authors: Trumbull Robert
Published: October 2018

Though Foucault displayed a marked ambivalence toward Freud, in the final stages of his work, this ambivalence hardened into a resistance. Hence, in The History of Sexuality, Volume 1, Freud is situated squarely on the side of power. It is in fact in leaving Freud behind, Foucault suggests, that we might begin to imagine “a different economy of bodies and pleasures.” Against this notion, I argue that a return to Freud's most radical understanding of this enigmatic term pleasure provides the resources for thinking one of the central problems emerging out of Foucault's later work: how to understand pleasure as a possible site of resistance to the regime of normalizing power.