bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mulher e Funk: as relações mulheristas na cultura diaspórica do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ferreira Mirian Alves , Giorgi Maria Cristina
Published: June 2023

Este artigo busca um entendimento da resistência feminina diaspórica negra ao seu apagamento na sociedade a partir do estudo reflexivo da relação das mulheres com o movimento funk carioca e o mulherismo. Também pretende identificar as questões de gênero relacionadas às mulheres funkeiras e às questões do feminismo negro, ou mulherismo, como tem sido chamado o feminismo das mulheres não brancas. Este trabalho foi gerado a partir da minha pesquisa no mestrado em relações étnico-raciais, em que pesquisei a relação do movimento funk com o alunado adolescente da escola pública no Rio de Janeiro. Desta vez, proponho que a partir do estudo deste mesmo movimento cultural se pesquisem as representações do feminino nas letras do funk, pelas MCs, na estética e em fatores que nos possam levar ao entendimento sobre o comportamento político das mulheres funkeiras, entendendo que político, aqui, é todo comportamento social que se preste à contestação.
Memórias da Batalha de Playa Girón: estratégias de comunicação nos discursos de Fidel Castro (1964-1976)
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno Romano
Published: June 2023

Este artigo analisa os discursos de Fidel Castro sobre a memória da batalha de Playa Girón (ocorrida nos dias 17 a 19 de abril de 1961), entre 1964 e 1976. Analisaremos como a memória oficial criada em torno da vitória revolucionária sobre a expedição financiada pelo governo dos EUA adquiriu diferentes significados ao longo do tempo, apresentando diálogos com os contextos político-sociais de países da América Latina (Chile e Brasil) e da África (Angola). Enfocaremos as estratégias de comunicação empregadas por Castro com o objetivo de tornar a memória de Playa Girón, considerada pelo regime socialista insular a primeira derrota imperialista no continente americano, um tema capaz de embasar interpretações relativas não somente à história de Cuba e da Revolução Cubana, mas também à de outros povos e nações. Versátil e polissêmica, a memória de Playa Girón presente nos discursos de Castro se adaptou às mais diferentes conjunturas, demandas e necessidades de seus contextos de enunciação.
Rede de cuidados às gestantes usuárias de crack/cocaína: revisão integrativa
Authors: Aragão Heliandra Linhares , Oliveira Eliany Nazaré , Andrade Carla Suyane Gomes de , Vasconcelos Sobrinho Natasha , Campos Marcos Pires , Viana Lorenna Saraiva
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: analisar na literatura científica a atuação da Rede de Cuidados às gestantes usuárias de crack. Metodologia: revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, BDEnf, LILACS e SciELO, considerando estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2021, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, a partir do cruzamento dos descritores: gestantes de risco; rede de cuidados continuados de saúde; cocaína/crack; avaliação do impacto na saúde. Resultados: a partir do cruzamento dos descritores e da aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, selecionaram-se oito artigos que compuseram esta revisão. Conclusão: a literatura científica identificada prioriza a análise epidemiológica do fenômeno e as consequências do uso de drogas na gestação, porém pouco explora as redes de cuidados clínicos e psicossocial às gestantes usuárias de crack. Constatou-se que ainda é limitada a produção do conhecimento sobre a rede de cuidados às gestantes usuárias de drogas. Pontua-se a necessidade de estudos que possam evidenciar os cuidados prestados a esta população a partir das redes de cuidados.
Registros sobre audição de vozes em prontuários de um serviço de saúde mental
Authors: Kantorski Luciane Prado , Wünsch Carla Gabriela , Santos Vinícius Boldt dos , Silva Priscilla dos Santos da
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: analisar registros sobre audição de vozes em prontuários de usuários de um serviço de saúde mental. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa que se desenvolveu com a análise de 175 prontuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Seus registros foram digitados na íntegra e inseridos no programa The Art of Data Analysis. Os registros foram categorizados a partir da descrição sobre a audição de vozes e os reflexos das vozes no cotidiano. Resultados: as vozes podem vir acompanhadas de outras percepções sensoriais, bem como se apresentar como de comando, pejorativas, ameaçadoras e provocadoras, ou ainda de chamado, e por meio de barulhos em geral. Os reflexos, no cotidiano, são permeados de mudanças de hábitos, rotinas e atitudes, alterações em relação ao sono e medo em situações variadas. Conclusão: os fragmentos encontrados são potencialmente importantes para entender como a escuta de vozes pode fazer parte da vida das pessoas e não ser considerada, necessariamente, como sintomas psiquiátricos, podendo ser ou não prejudicial.
Functional LTCC-β
2
AR Complex Needs Caveolin-3 and Is Disrupted in Heart Failure
Authors: Sanchez-Alonso Jose L. , Fedele Laura , Copier Jaël S. , Lucarelli Carla , Mansfield Catherine , Judina Aleksandra , Houser Steven R. , Brand Thomas , Gorelik Julia
Published: June 2023

Background:

Beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β
2
ARs) but not beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β
1
ARs) form a functional complex with L-type Ca
2+
channels (LTCCs) on the cardiomyocyte membrane. However, how microdomain localization in the plasma membrane affects the function of these complexes is unknown. We aim to study the coupling between LTCC and β adrenergic receptors in different cardiomyocyte microdomains, the distinct involvement of PKA and CAMKII (Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and explore how this functional complex is disrupted in heart failure.

Methods:

Global signaling between LTCCs and β adrenergic receptors was assessed with whole-cell current recordings and western blot analysis. Super-resolution scanning patch-clamp was used to explore the local coupling between single LTCCs and β
1
AR or β
2
AR in different membrane microdomains in control and failing cardiomyocytes.

Results:

LTCC open probability (Po) showed an increase from 0.054±0.003 to 0.092±0.008 when β
2
AR was locally stimulated in the proximity of the channel (<350 nm) in the transverse tubule microdomain. In failing cardiomyocytes, from both rodents and humans, this transverse tubule coupling between LTCC and β
2
AR was lost. Interestingly, local stimulation of β
1
AR did not elicit any change in the Po of LTCCs, indicating a lack of proximal functional interaction between the two, but we confirmed a general activation of LTCC via β
1
AR. By using blockers of PKA and CaMKII and a Caveolin-3-knockout mouse model, we conclude that the β
2
AR-LTCC regulation requires the presence of caveolin-3 and the activation of the CaMKII pathway. By contrast, at a cellular “global” level PKA plays a major role downstream β
1
AR and results in an increase in LTCC current.

Conclusions:

Regulation of the LTCC activity by proximity coupling mechanisms occurs only via β
2
AR, but not β
1
AR. This may explain how β
2
ARs tune the response of LTCCs to adrenergic stimulation in healthy conditions. This coupling is lost in heart failure; restoring it could improve the adrenergic response of failing cardiomyocytes.
Small Circles of Empowerment
Authors: Bocheńska Joanna , Hamelink Wendelmoet , Salih Kaziwa , Keskin Hüseyin Rodi
Published: June 2023

This article investigates the activities of Kurdish women aimed at protecting and revitalising Kurdish language, which include collecting and publishing folklore, translating into Kurdish, and writing literature in Kurdish. Throughout the 20th century, countries like Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq, in varying degrees, imposed restrictions on the use of Kurdish. Our primary focus is on Turkey because this country has been most repressive toward Kurdish language since the establishment of the Republic in 1923, but also due to a recent increased visibility of women language activists and folklore collectors. According to Fishman, language revitalisation does not only pertain to caring for a language but brings about a complete, self-defining way of life. Through language revitalisation, Kurdish women not only build an alternative to the state policy of denial, they also win respect and freedom within their communities. Drawing from Martha Nussbaum’s capability approach and from Sara Ahmed’s understanding of how emotions function through language and its circulation, we demonstrate how collecting and publishing Kurdish language and culture in ‘small circles’ enables Kurdish women to assert their citizenship rights.
Beyond Binary Oppositions? The Elusive Identity of the International Organization in Contemporary International Law
Authors: Collins Richard
Published: June 2023

Much of the conceptual work on international organizations situates the identity, nature or legal form of the institution between binary oppositions: ‘open’ vs ‘closed’, ‘agora’ vs ‘actor’, ‘contract’ vs ‘constitution’, etc. These oppositions are informative and revealing of tensions underpinning different aspects of international institutions: the extent to which they are vehicles for their member states versus autonomous actors in their own right; that they have limited, derivative and defined powers, but are also able to evolve and adapt to take on new competences and unforeseen powers, and so on. At the same time, insofar as many of the core doctrines of international institutional law, on e.g. personality, powers, responsibility, etc., rely most heavily on the European Union and the United Nations – arguably two of the most unique institutional structures – as evidence for these doctrinal developments, it is clear that there is something more special, unique, indeed sui generis that needs to be thrown into the conceptual mix in order to fully understand the nature and importance of international institutions in contemporary international law. In this way, I will argue, international institutions have a more complex identity and relationship with international law in which they not only exist within (closed) and as part of (open) contemporary international law, but also aim to overcome its limitations, to transform it in some way. For this reason, rather than being competing understandings of international institutions, the interplay between these kinds of binary oppositions actually only reflect back broader theoretical tensions ingrained within international law as a decentralised legal system – a condition which makes it impossible to definitely ‘pin down’ the seemingly elusive identity of the international organization. However, it is also a condition which allows for the construction of tentative hierarchies and forms of more centralised governance within international law, whilst always leaving scope (through legal form) to challenge any such pretentions to authority. This article is part of the iolr Special Forum on ‘Contested Fundamentals of the Law of International Organizations’.
Wonderful Mind: Convergentism and the Crusade Against Evolutionary Progress
Authors: Powell Rachell , Mikhalevich Irina
Published: June 2023

Stephen Jay Gould argued that the shape of animal life as we know it is a radically contingent accident of history determined more by fortune than comparative functional merit. Acknowledging the formative role of contingency in macroevolution is crucial, Gould believed, to vanquishing the lingering vestiges of progressivism that continue to buttress anthropocentric views of life. Gould’s contingency thesis has come under fire in recent years by proponents of convergent evolution who argue that not only is replication ubiquitous in evolution, but also that it indicates an evolutionary process charging inexorably toward ever more complex and human-like outcomes. We argue here that although convergentist approaches are widely seen as inimical to the Gouldian view of life, in fact the two are indispensable allies in the anti-progressivist crusade, particularly in relation to the evolution of mind. We illustrate this by examining the progressivist foundations of comparative cognition science and the ongoing resistance to attributions of convergent minds.
Learning the Art of Memory by Doing: Diagrams as Material Objects and Embodied Teaching Tools in Early Modern Mnemonics
Authors: Poupard Clément
Published: June 2023

This article aims to highlight the significance of embodied interaction between readers and early modern diagrams, with a specific focus on the art of memory. The Rhetorica ad Herennium and Renaissance rhetoric and mnemonic manuals describe this technique as a visualization of images that symbolize information and are placed into imaginary loci, typically real or fictitious buildings. Diagrams were often used to convey the spatial order of these buildings, thus playing a crucial role in the transmission of mnemonic knowledge. Consequently, the materiality of these diagrams was instrumental in the success or failure of mnemonics manuals, as evidenced in Jacobus Publicius and Girolamo Marafioto’s manuals. The strategic importance of diagrams also explains why teachers like Johannes Henricus Döbel strove to accurately represent three-dimensional diagrams in two-dimensional printed sheets. These different case-studies underline the importance to consider diagrams not only as intellectual tools but also as material objects implying physical actions.
Shifting Comprehension in Novels by Abdulrazak Gurnah and Zoë Wicomb: Lingualism in Action
Authors: Helgesson Stefan
Published: June 2023

In an attempt to conceptualise literary multilingualism—or just “lingualism,” to use Robert Stockhammer’s term—without reifying language boundaries, this article reads literary fiction as a negotiation of different regimes of comprehensibility. These negotiations occur (1) on the level of the story-world, (2) materially, in the mediation of the narrative as book artefact and (3) between these two levels. Lingualism, then, is not just context-sensitive but context-constituted. The apparently anarchic freedom of literary language is held in check by regimes of comprehensibility that ensure that even nonsense will carry meaning. The article’s analysis of works by Abdulrazak Gurnah and Zoë Wicomb shows how they engage potentially transformative moments of (in) comprehensibility in what Pratt named the colonial “contact zone.”
1. Bestiaries and the Art of Cryptozoology
Authors: Page Joanna
Published: June 2023

Many twentieth-century Latin American writers – including Jorge Luis Borges, Silvina Ocampo, Juan José Arreola and Wilson Bueno – experimented with the form of the bestiary, adapting it to the fantastic genre or for the purposes of satire. This chapter focuses on the work of more contemporary writers and artists who draw on the themes and forms of the medieval bestiary in order to revitalize pre-Hispanic legends, to construct an alternative modernity that embraces plural ontologies, and to explore the changing relationship between humans and animals in the Anthropocene. The act of (re)imagining extinct and mythical animals takes on a particular poignancy in the context of the current rapid decline in biodiversity across the world. Indeed, as I argue throughout this chapter, the mediaeval bestiary acquires a new relevance in the context of the ecological and existential crisis that pervades the technologically developed, urbanized, globalized world. It offers alternative ways of thinking and imagining the world that have been excised from the modern, rationalist, Western standpoint, challenging ideas about human exceptionalism and promoting a view of the universe as intimately interconnected within relationships of reciprocity. At the hands of contemporary writers and artists such as Rafael Toriz and Edgar Cano (Mexico), Claudio Romo (Chile) and Walmor Corrêa (Brazil), Latin American bestiaries of the twenty-first century contest dominant images of a depleted, exhausted, fragile natural world, responding to the need to re-enchant nature in the face of its rationalization and commodification in Western modernity, to revalorize indigenous and popular approaches, and to reconnect animals with human social, cultural, and spiritual lives.
5. Albums, Atlases, and their Afterlives
Authors: Page Joanna
Published: June 2023

The first part of this chapter discusses art projects that intervene directly into the books and other materials created by travelling European naturalists of the later colonial period, whose conception of nature has so thoroughly shaped representations of Latin America’s landscapes. I explore projects by Rodrigo Arteaga (Chile), Antonio Bermúdez (Colombia), Claudia Coca (Peru), Tiago Sant’ana (Brazil), Oscar Santillán (Ecuador) and others that stage material interventions or performances in relation to the printed images, atlases, albums and catalogues that recorded the findings of scientific expeditions in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. As well as combating the particular images of Latin America forged in these works, these artists reflect more broadly on the affordances of different material technologies—such as printing, engravings and the book—used to create and disseminate knowledge. The second part of the chapter brings together projects that engage with the scientific, commercial and artistic afterlives of the iconic images that emerged from Humboldt’s journey across the Americas (1799–1804). Bermúdez demonstrates how Humboldt’s images of Latin American landscapes—such as the famous views of the Chimborazo—live on through different kinds of cultural mediation and commercial accumulation. The relationship between Humboldt’s science and extractivism in Latin America, suggested in a poetic mode by Santillán, is explicitly developed in the expansive Archivo Humboldt (2011–), a set of performances, documentation, and (mock) archives created by Fabiano Kueva (Ecuador). These remediations and re-enactments recuperate archives of all kinds for decolonial purposes, reworking them in ways that decentre the ocularcentric, logocentric bias of Western modernity while exploring the power of published words and images to represent the colonial other.
6. Taxidermy and Natural History Dioramas
Authors: Page Joanna
Published: June 2023

This chapter explores works that engage with the art and science of taxidermy and the construction of dioramas for museums of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While many artists have rejected taxidermy, given its association with cruelty toward animals, some have reclaimed the practice with the purpose of drawing attention to histories of animal objectification or rethinking human/animal relations. Recent recourses to taxidermy among Latin American artists have provided an opportunity to question of the exhibition practices of natural history museums, while exploring alternative ways of thinking about ecology and the environment. The projects I discuss in this chapter by Daniel Malva (Brazil), Adriana Bustos (Argentina), Rodrigo Arteaga (Chile), Walmor Corrêa (Brazil), and Pablo La Padula (Argentina) remediate, recycle or reuse taxidermy animals within new forms of diorama that construct a critical dialogue with Eurocentric conceptions of nature. They create “afterlives” for taxidermy animals that are held in tension between nature and culture or science and popular myth; they also demonstrate how taxidermy may—paradoxically—be deployed to restore animal agency and to create narratives that are less anthropocentric.
Assimilation of AMSU-A Surface-Sensitive Channels in CMA_GFS 4D-Var System over Land
Authors: Xiao Hongyi , Li Juan , Liu Guiqing , Wang Liwen , Bai Yihong
Published: June 2023

The assimilation of two surface-sensitive channels of the AMSU-A instruments on board the NOAA-15/NOAA-18/NOAA-19 and MetOp-A/MetOp-B satellites over land was achieved in the China Meteorological Administration Global Forecast System (CMA_GFS). The land surface emissivity was calculated by 1) the window channel retrieval method and 2) the Tool to Estimate Land Surface Emissivities at Microwave frequencies (TELSEM2). Quality controls for these satellite microwave observations over land were conducted. The predictors and regression coefficients used for oceanic satellite data were retained during the bias correction over land and found to perform well. Three batch experiments were implemented in CMA_GFS with 4D-Var: 1) assimilating only the default data, and adding the above data over land with land surface emissivity obtained from 2) TELSEM2 and 3) the window channel retrieval method. The results indicated that the window channel retrieval method can better reduce the departure between the observed and simulated brightness temperature. Over most land types, the positive impacts of this method exceed those of TELSEM2. Both TELSEM2 and the window channel retrieval method improve the humidity analysis near the ground, as well as the forecast capability globally, particularly in those regions where the land coverage is greater, such as in the Northern Hemisphere. The data utilization of the two surface-sensitive channels increase by 6% and 12%, respectively, and the additional data every 6 h can cover most land, where there was no surface-sensitive data assimilated before. This study marks the beginning of near-surface channel assimilation over land in CMA_GFS and represents a breakthrough in the assimilation of other surface-sensitive channels in other satellite instruments.

Significance Statement

Surface-sensitive microwave channels are difficult to assimilate in NWP due to the lack of both direct measurement and appropriate modeling for instantaneous land surface emissivity. This paper discusses a method that improves the surface emissivity estimates, which has allowed the utilization of surface-sensitive microwave channels in CMA_GFS. Those capabilities have resulted in better data utilization, improved forecasts of temperature, geopotential height, and winds in the Northern Hemisphere at 3–7 days, and represent an incremental and important improvement to CMA_GFS.
Characterizing the 2019 Midwest Flood: A Hydrologic and Socioeconomic Perspective
Authors: Kraft Lily L. , Villarini Gabriele , Czajkowski Jeffrey
Published: June 2023

During the spring of 2019, severe flooding across the U.S. Midwest caused widespread damage to communities in the Missouri and Mississippi River basins. While it is known that flood magnitude and economic damage are often related, little work exists to examine these factors simultaneously. In this study, we analyze both the hydrologic and socioeconomic characteristics of the 2019 Midwest flood to gain a comprehensive understanding of impacts to individuals, households, and communities. We examine flood magnitude, duration, and probability of occurrence in tandem with claim and grant applications from federal disaster recovery programs, such as the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and the Individual and Households Program (IHP). Overall, we find that many areas, particularly in Nebraska and Iowa, experienced moderate or major flooding due to historic discharge magnitudes. In these states, NFIP claims totaled more than $31 million and IHP applications exceeded $42 million in reported damages. In most cases, counties that reported a high density of insurance claims or grant applications overlapped with regions with significant flooding. We also identify the economic advantages to NFIP policyholders for flood recovery in terms of aid eligibility and financial aid amounts.
The Role of Cybersecurity Knowledge and Awareness in Cybersecurity Intention and Behavior in the United States
Authors: Lee Claire Seungeun , Chua Yi Ting
Published: June 2023

Despite the rapid escalation of cybercrimes in modern society, few viable cybersecurity and cybercrime prevention programs exist. Consequently, this research considers cybersecurity as a key element for mitigating the potential risk and incidents of cybercrime. The study aims to understand the role of individuals’ cybersecurity knowledge and awareness in shaping their cybersecurity intention and behavior in the United States. The results reveal that information and communications technology variables, education, income, and gender are contributing predictors of a level of cybersecurity knowledge. The effects of information and communications technology variables varied across gender for both correct and uncertain responses. The findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive understanding of both technical and human/individual factors for cybersecurity knowledge and education.
Eco-friendly and multifunctional aluminum flake/carbon fiber/cellulose composite papers with electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Yildirim Ferhat
Published: June 2023

Recycling every viable material to produce new value-added products not only reduces waste, but also provides an opportunity to create sustainable and innovative solutions while preserving our natural resources. With this motivation, electrically conductive one-dimensional carbon fibers and two-dimensional aluminum flakes reinforced cellulose matrix composite papers were manufactured using recycled materials with a scalable, eco-friendly, and low-cost papermaking process. The designed composite paper showed 36.1 dB electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMSE) with an absorbance-dominated performance by absorbing 98.85% of electromagnetic waves. An efficient impedance matching was obtained on the composite paper surface using reinforcements with different morphologies. Cellulose paper samples were converted to electrically conductive composites (0.415 S/cm), and the electrical conductivity was altered by tailoring the reinforcement ratios. Thermo-mechanical test results revealed that the cellulose matrix’s storage modulus was increased from 1.44 to 2.1 GPa with a 46.5% improvement. The composite cellulose paper represented increased hydrophilicity with higher porosity. The environmentally friendly composite paper responses to the escalating environmental worries and possesses a tremendous possibility of being utilized as an electromagnetic shielding material.
Rethinking Oral Health in Aging: Ecosocial Theory and Intersectionality
Authors: Slack-Smith L. , Ng T. , Macdonald M.E. , Durey A.
Published: June 2023

Poor oral health affects the health and well-being of older adults in many ways. Despite years of international research investigating poor oral health among older adults, it has remained a largely unresolved problem. The aim of this article is to explore the combination of 2 key frameworks, ecosocial theory and intersectionality, to guide our exploration and understanding of oral health and aging and help inform research, education, policy, and services. Proposed by Krieger, ecosocial theory is concerned with the symbiotic relationship among embodied biological processes and social, historical, and political contexts. Building on the work of Crenshaw, intersectionality explores how social identities such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, and age interconnect in ways that can enhance privilege or compound discrimination and social disadvantage. Intersectionality offers a layered understanding of how power relations reflected in systems of privilege or oppression influence an individual’s multiple intersecting social identities. Understanding this complexity and the symbiotic relationships offers an opportunity to reconsider how inequities in oral health for older adults can be addressed in research, education, and practice and increase the focus on equity, prevention, interdisciplinary care, and use of innovative technology.
Sharing Food Can Backfire: When Healthy Choices for Children Lead Parents to Make Unhealthy Choices for Themselves
Authors: Wight Kelley Gullo , Liu Peggy J. , Zhou Lingrui , Fitzsimons Gavan J.
Published: June 2023

Many consumers are caregivers and, as part of caregiving, frequently make food choices for their dependents. This research examines how food choices made for children influence the healthiness of parents’ subsequent self-choices. Whereas prior work focuses on choices for the self (others) as based on self-needs (other-needs), the authors theorize when and why self-choices involve consideration of other-needs. Five studies, including a nursery school field study, test the effect of choosing healthy food for a child on the healthiness of parents’ self-choices, focusing on the role of anticipating potentially sharing self-choices with one's child. Potential sharing increased parents’ likelihood of making an unhealthy subsequent self-choice if they first made a healthy choice for their child. This effect was driven by parents’ present-focused parenting concerns about whether one's child would eat and enjoy healthy options chosen for them. This effect was mitigated when parents instead had future-focused parenting concerns. Additionally, this effect was mitigated after making an initial choice for the child that was (1) unhealthy or (2) healthy but relatively liked by the child. This research contributes to understanding how choices for others shape choices for the self and offers important marketing and policy implications.
‘Holding onto trauma?’ The prevalence and predictors of PTSD, anxiety and depression in police officers working with child abuse, rape and sexual exploitation victims
Authors: Foley Jim , Jones Fergal , Hassett Alex , Williams Emma
Published: June 2023

Research into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other common mental disorders (CMDs) in police officers is limited, with the majority of research predominately conducted outside the UK, and no study quantitatively examining the role of social support in relation to the mental health of UK police officers working with victims of trauma. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence and predictors of PTSD and CMD in UK police officers who investigate rape, sexual exploitation and child abuse, along with the potential protective role of social support. Participants were police officers ( n = 353) within one police area, who completed self-report measures of PTSD, anxiety, depression and social support. Results showed that 23% of officers had potentially clinical levels of PTSD, 26% had moderate to severe levels of anxiety and 35% had moderate to severe levels of depression. Female officers, those of constable rank, those working with victims of child abuse, and those with lowest levels of social support had poorer mental health. There was tentative evidence that social support statistically moderated the relationship between tenure and depression. These findings suggest the need for bespoke help for the sub-group of officers experiencing mental health problems and for further research into the potential protective role of social support.
Agent-based epidemics simulation to compare and explain screening and vaccination prioritization strategies
Authors: Adam Carole , Arduin Hélène
Published: June 2023

This paper describes agent-based models of epidemics dynamics, willingly simplified with the goal not to predict the evolution of the epidemics, but to explain the underlying mechanisms in an interactive way. They allow to compare screening prioritization strategies, and vaccination priority strategies, on a virtual population. The models are implemented in Netlogo in two simulators, published online at https://nausikaa.net/index.php/simulating-epidemics/ to let people experiment. This paper reports on model design, implementation, and experimentations. We have compared screening strategies to assess the epidemics versus control it by quarantining infectious people; and we have compared vaccinating older people with more risk factors, versus younger people with more social contacts.
National Development and News Media: Constrained Frames of Labour Relations in India
Authors: Ullah Faiz
Published: June 2023

This article narrates the conditions with which industrial workers in India have to contend with when bargaining for labour rights. It trains attention on restructuring of automobile manufacturing processes in India in the neoliberal phase and the erosion of labour rights through the recently introduced labour codes. The framing of labour action and protests as law and order problems in the public sphere, primarily through the news media, aided delegitimisation of unions and securitisation of labour relations, which, in turn, mounts steep challenges for workers’ strategies to start a social dialogue and force negotiation around labour rights and social security. The article scrutinises the political economy of media attention and the impact this has on the politics of protest. It argues that neoliberal processes and the discourse of national industrial development have inscribed tensions into the choice of protest strategies, making collective bargaining ineffectual.
Book review: D. Asher Ghertner and Robert W. Lake (Eds), Land Fictions: The Commodification of Land in City and Country
Authors: Indorewala Hussain
Published: June 2023

D. Asher Ghertner and Robert W. Lake (Eds), Land Fictions: The Commodification of Land in City and Country, New York: Cornell University Press, 2021, 342 pp., $34.95, ISBN13: 9781501753961 (Paperback).
Social Justice on the Menu: A Critical Analysis of a Local Restaurant's Branding Strategies and the Paradox of Privilege in Gentrification
Authors: Almalki Shoaa
Published: June 2023

This critical ethnography builds on the body of research at the intersection of communication studies, branding, and gentrification. The researcher examined a local restaurant's community and social justice-oriented branding in gentrified neighborhoods. Observation logs, newspaper coverage, and Google reviews were analyzed to understand the communication strategies used to create a distinct brand that centers the public sphere and community building at its core. The researcher conceptualizes the commercialized public sphere model as a conscious branding communication strategy that can be replicated in other restaurants or new forms of establishments. By intentionally creating a sense of community focused on fostering diversity and preserving the culture of the gentrified neighborhoods, the restaurant becomes a space where the old meets the new and they both belong. The findings reveal that conscious branding in gentrified neighborhoods is perceived positively by the media and the costumers and may have the potential to forge a space for marginalized communities to thrive.
Change of frontal sinus in age of according to the international frontal sinus anatomy classification
Authors: Köksal Ali , Tuğtağ Demir Berin , Çankal Fatih
Published: June 2023

Background

The radiological and surgical anatomy of the frontal sinus should be well-known in all age groups to successfully manage frontal sinus diseases and reduce the risk of complications in sinus surgery.

Purpose

To define frontal sinus and frontal cells according to the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) criteria in pediatrics and adults.

Material and Methods

A total of 320 frontal recess regions of 160 individuals (80 pediatric, 80 adults) who underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan of the paranasal sinus (PNS) were included in the study. Agger nasi cells, supra agger cells, supra agger frontal cells, suprabullar cells, suprabullar frontal cells, supraorbital ethmoid cells, and frontal septal cells were evaluated in the CT analysis.

Results

The incidence rates of the investigated cells were determined to be 93.1%, 41.9%, 60.0%, 76.3%, 58.5%, 18.8%, and 0% in the pediatric group, respectively, and 86.3%, 35.0%, 44.4%, 54.4%, 46.9%, 19.4%, and 3.4% in the adult group, respectively. Considering the unilateral and bilateral incidence of the cells, agger nasi cells were highly observed bilaterally in both the pediatric group (89.87%) and the adult group (86.48%).

Conclusion

Our study results show that IFAC can be used as a guide to increase the chance of surgical treatment in the pediatric and adult groups and that the prevalence of frontal cells can be determined radiologically and contributes to the generation of estimations of the prevalence of frontal cells.
Sorafenib as first-line treatment for patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma: an outcome evaluation
Authors: Nguyen Dung Thi , Nguyen Duong Hoang , Nguyen Van Thi Hong
Published: June 2023

Objective

To evaluate the clinical outcomes following first-line treatment with sorafenib in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with primary HCC that had been treated with sorafenib. Their data were collected from the hospital medical records database at three time-points: after three cycles, after six cycles and at the end of the sorafenib treatment regimen. The starting dose was 800 mg/day sorafenib but this could be reduced to 600 mg/day or 400 mg/day if patients developed adverse events (AEs).

Results

A total of 98 patients participated in the study. Of these, nine (9.2%) had a partial response, 47 patients (48.0%) had stable disease and 42 patients (42.9%) had progressive disease. The overall disease control rate was 57.1% (56 of 98 patients). Median progression-free survival for the overall cohort was 4.7 months. The most common AEs were hand-foot skin reaction (49 of 98 patients; 50.0%), fatigue (41 of 98 patients; 41.8%), appetite loss (39 of 98 patients; 39.8%) and hepatotoxicity/transaminitis (24 of 98 patients; 24.5%). The majority of the AEs were toxicity grades 1 and 2.

Conclusion

Sorafenib as a first-line treatment for primary HCC patients provided survival benefits and the AEs were well tolerated by patients.
Dynamic three-dimensional printing: The future of bronchoscopic simulation training?
Authors: Fu Rao , Hone Nicole G , Broadbent James R , Guy Bernard J , Young Jeremy S
Published: June 2023

High-fidelity models are required for technical mastery of bronchoscopic procedures in the fields of anaesthesia, intensive care, surgery and respiratory medicine. Our group has created a three-dimensional (3D) airway model prototype to emulate physiological and pathological movement. Developed from the concepts of our previously described 3D printed paediatric trachea for airway management training, this model produces movements created by injection of air or saline through a side Luer Lock port. The anaesthesia and intensive care applications of the model could include bronchoscopic navigation through narrow pathologies and simulated bleeding tumours. It also has the potential to be used to practice placement of a double-lumen tube and broncho-alveolar lavage among other procedures. For surgical training, the model has high tissue realism and allows for rigid bronchoscopy. The novel and high-fidelity 3D printed airway model with dynamic pathologies represents capability to provide both generic and patient-specific advancement for all modes of anatomical representation. The prototype illustrates the potential of combining the fields of industrial design with clinical anaesthesia.
Incidence of postoperative delirium in surgical patients: An observational retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xiang Peter Y , Boyle Luke , Short Timothy G , Deng Carolyn , Campbell Douglas
Published: June 2023

Summary

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders including postoperative delirium (POD) are common complications of anaesthesia and surgery, associated with morbidity, mortality and a large economic cost. Currently, limited data are available on the incidence of POD in the New Zealand population. The objective of this study was to utilise New Zealand national level datasets to identify the incidence of POD. Our primary outcome was defined as a diagnosis of delirium via ICD 9/10 coding within seven days of surgery. We also analysed demographic, anaesthetic and surgical characteristics. All adult patients undergoing any surgical intervention under sedation, regional, general or neuraxial anaesthesia were included, and patients who received surgical intervention under local anaesthetic infiltration alone were excluded. We reviewed ten years of patient admissions from 2007 to 2016. Our sample size was 2,249,910 patients. The incidence of POD was 1.9%, much lower than previously observed, potentially indicating significant under-reporting of POD in this national level database. With acknowledgement of the limitations of potential undercoding and under-reporting, we found that the incidence of POD was higher with increasing age, male sex, general anaesthesia, Māori ethnicity, increasing comorbidity, surgical severity and emergency surgery. A diagnosis of POD was associated with increased mortality and hospital length of stay. Our results highlight potential risk factors of POD and disparities in health outcomes in New Zealand. Additionally, these findings suggest systemic under-reporting of POD in national level datasets.
Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes – International (CaMEO-I) Study: Methods and multi-country baseline findings for diagnosis rates and care
Authors: Adams Aubrey Manack , Buse Dawn C. , Leroux Elizabeth , Lanteri-Minet Michel , Sakai Fumihiko , Matharu Manjit S. , Katsarava Zaza , Reed Michael L. , Fanning Kristina , Sommer Katherine , Lipton Richard B.
Published: June 2023

Background

The Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes-International study provides insight into people with migraine in multiple countries.

Methods

This cross-sectional, observational, web-based cohort study was conducted in Canada, France, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States. An initial Screening Module survey solicited general healthcare information from a representative sample and identified participants with migraine based on modified International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 criteria; those with migraine completed a detailed survey based on validated migraine-specific assessments.

Results

Among 90,613 people who correctly completed the screening surveys, 76,121 respondents did not meet the criteria for migraine, while 14,492 did. Among respondents with migraine, mean age ranged from 40 to 42 years. The median number of monthly headache days ranged from 2.33 to 3.33 across countries, while the proportion of respondents with moderate-to-severe disability (measured by Migraine Disability Assessment) ranged from 30% (Japan) to 52% (Germany). The proportion of respondents with ≥15 monthly headache days ranged from 5.4% (France) to 9.5% (Japan). Fewer than half of respondents with migraine in each country reported having received a migraine diagnosis.

Conclusion

These results demonstrated high rates of migraine-related disability and underdiagnosis of migraine across six countries. This study will characterize country-level burden, treatment patterns, and geographical differences in care.
Achilles Tendon Tissue Turnover Before and Immediately After an Acute Rupture
Authors: Cramer Allan , Højfeldt Grith , Schjerling Peter , Agergaard Jakob , van Hall Gerrit , Olsen Jesper , Hölmich Per , Kjaer Michael , Barfod Kristoffer Weisskirchner
Published: June 2023

Background:

An Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a frequent injury and results in the activation of tendon cells and collagen expression, but it is unknown to what extent turnover of the tendon matrix is altered before or after a rupture.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to characterize tendon tissue turnover before and immediately after an acute rupture in patients. It was hypothesized that a rupture would result in pronounced collagen synthesis in the early phase (first 2 weeks) after the injury.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The study included patients (N = 18) eligible for surgery after an ATR. At the time of inclusion, the patients ingested deuterium oxide (2H2O) orally, and on the day of surgery (within 14 days of the injury), they received a 3-hour flood-primed infusion of an 15N-proline tracer. During surgery, the patients had 1 biopsy specimen taken from the ruptured part of the Achilles tendon and 1 that was 3 to 5 cm proximal to the rupture as a control. The biopsy specimens were analyzed for carbon-14 (14C) levels in the tissue to calculate long-term turnover (years), incorporation of 2H-alanine (from 2H2O) into the tissue to calculate the fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of proteins in the short term (days), and incorporation of 15N-proline into the tissue to calculate the acute FSR (hours).

Results:

Both the rupture and the control samples showed consistently lower levels of 14C compared with the predicted level of 14C in a healthy tendon, which indicated increased tendon turnover in a fraction (48% newly synthesized) of the Achilles tendon already for a prolonged period before the rupture. Over the first days after the rupture, the synthesis rate for collagen was relatively constant, and the average synthesis rate on the day of surgery (2-14 days after the rupture) was 0.025% per hour, irrespective of the length of time after a rupture and the site of sampling (rupture vs control). No differences were found in the FSR between the rupture and control samples in the days after the rupture.

Conclusion:

Higher than normal tissue turnover in the Achilles tendon before a rupture indicated that changes in the tendon tissue preceded the injury. In addition, we observed no increase in tendon collagen tissue turnover in the first 2 weeks after an ATR. This favors the view that an increase in the formation of new tendon collagen is not an immediate phenomenon during the regeneration of ruptured tendons in patients.

Registration:

NCT03931486 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Thermodynamic model of MSWI flue gas cooling path: Effect of flue gas composition on heavy metal binding forms
Authors: Wolffers Mirjam , Kulik Dmitrii A , Miron George-Dan , Eggenberger Urs , Churakov Sergey V
Published: June 2023

In the context of circular economy and heavy metal (HM) recovery from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA), detailed knowledge of HM binding forms is required for achieving higher extraction rates. The FA mineralogy is still poorly understood due to its low grain size and low metal concentration. To investigate the HM binding forms, a sophisticated thermodynamic reactive transport model was developed to simulate ash-forming processes. The stability of different binding forms was investigated at different flue gas conditions (varying ratios of HCl, SO2, O2) by simulating the gas cooling path in closed system and dynamic open system, where the gas composition is changing upon cooling due to precipitation of solids. The simulations predict that at flue gas conditions of molar ratio S/Cl < 1, Cu and Zn precipitate as oxides (and Zn silicates) at approximately 650°C. At temperatures <300°C, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd are predicted to precipitate as easily soluble chlorides. In flue gas with molar ratio S/Cl > 1, the HM precipitate as less soluble sulphates. The results indicate that the less soluble HM fraction in the electrostatic precipitator ash represent oxides and silicates that formed in the boiler section but were transported to the electrostatic precipitator. The model provides insight into the physical–chemical processes controlling the metal accumulation in the flue gas and FA during the cooling of the flue gas. The obtained data serve as valuable basis for improving metal recovery from MSWI FA.