bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Membangun kepemimpinan anak 5-6 tahun melalui mentoring
Authors: Bali Marwi Srianti
Published: September 2023

Membangun kepemimpinan anak usia 5-6 tahun melalui mentoring hal yang perludiperhatikan untuk menumbuhkan jiwa kepemimpinan kepada anak-anak yangmempunyai potensi dari sejak dini
Vulnerabilities in Power Systems: A Survey
Authors: Egon Kaledio
Published: September 2023

Power systems are the backbone of modern society, providing reliable and affordable electricity to millions of customers and critical infrastructures. However, power systems are also exposed to various threats and vulnerabilities that can compromise their normal operation and cause severe consequences. In this article, we review the sources, impacts, methods, and tools for identifying and assessing the vulnerabilities in power systems.Sources of VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities are the weaknesses or flaws that can be exploited by malicious actors to cause damage or disruption to the system. Vulnerabilities can arise from different sources, such as:Physical attacks: These are the intentional or accidental actions that damage or destroy the physical components or facilities of the system, such as power plants, substations, transmission lines, or transformers. Examples of physical attacks include sabotage, vandalism, theft, fire, explosion, or natural disasters.
Sentiment Analysis. Encyclopedia of Political Communication.
Authors: van der Velden Mariken Anna Catharina Geertruida , Umansky Natalia , Pipal Christian
Published: September 2023

Sentiment is a central topic for scholars of Political Communication. Despite its popularity, sentiment suffers from a lack of agreed-upon conceptualization and operationalization. The ambiguity and complexity is reflected in the applications of sentiment. Scholars have used sentiment as an analytical frame to describe and/or explain tonality of a (news) story, outlook or perspective in a (news) story, focus on conflict or consensus, focus on incapability and misconduct, as well as the tone towards actors and organizations in media, political, and public discourse. Sentiment has especially gained popularity in the “text-as-data'' revolution due to the availability of data as well as computational text analysis methods. In this entry, we highlight the existing theoretical applications based on the core theories in political communication, as well as review the methodological toolkit to automatically measure sentiment. We thereby give an overview of the variety in approaches towards sentiment in political communication.
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in Endurance Sports: Balancing Performance and Health Implications - a Literature Review
Authors: Meyer-Glitza Phillip S , Langer Thierry , Wieder Oliver
Published: September 2023

The prevailing practice of using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) in endurance sports, despite the lack of consistent evidence for theirergogenic effects, raises questions about potential benefits beyond painmanagement and the specific adverse consequences they might entail. Contraryto the intended outcomes, NSAIDs have shown mixed effectiveness in alleviatinginflammation during or after exercise, mainly showing harmful consequences inrunning. These contraproductive effects are particularly concerning for thegastrointestinal system.Regarding muscle adaptation, high doses of NSAIDs have been shown to inhibitmuscle growth, while moderate doses have a minor impact. Although theavailable studies on the impact of NSAIDs on human mitochondrial biogenesisare scarce, in vitro experiments suggest potential negative consequences.Furthermore, the presumed benefits of NSAIDs in promoting healing for softtissue, bone injuries, and muscle damage are frequently undermined, potentiallyimpeding the natural recovery process. Concerns regarding bone healingencompass delayed callus maturation, compromised mechanical strength, and anincreased fracture risk due to the inhibition of osteoblasts.In conclusion, endurance athletes are advised to exercise caution whencontemplating the use of NSAIDs without clear indications, as their potentialadverse effects outweigh the limited advantages in terms of performanceenhancement. While short-term NSAID applications may offer transient relief,alternative strategies should be sought for fostering long-term healing andoptimizing performance.Considering these findings, this review aims to provide endurance athletes withinsights spanning injury management, training adaptation, race performance, andrecovery.
Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)
Authors: Egon Kaledio
Published: September 2023

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are small-scale electricity generation and storage devices that are connected to the electric grid or operate independently from it. They can include renewable energy sources such as solar panels, wind turbines, biogas, and batteries, as well as controllable loads such as electric vehicles, smart thermostats, and water heaters. DERs can provide various benefits to the grid and the customers who own and operate them, such as:Reducing peak demand and avoiding costly investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure. DERs can help balance the supply and demand of electricity by adjusting their output or consumption according to the grid conditions and price signals. This can reduce the need for building new power plants or upgrading existing ones, as well as lowering the losses and congestion in the power lines.
TwinBee (Supplement III:31-2)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: September 2023

GCCX continued (Supp. to the history of computer science and tech.)
Mouse Tracking for Reading (MoTR): A New Naturalistic Incremental Processing Measurement Tool
Authors: Wilcox Ethan Gotlieb , Ding Cui , Jäger Lena A. , Sachan Mrinmaya
Published: September 2023

We introduce Mouse Tracking for Reading (MoTR) a new incremental processing measurement tool that can be used to collect word-by-word reading times. In a MoTR trial, participants are presented with text, which is blurred, except for a small region around the tip of the mouse. Participants must move the mouse to reveal and read the text. Mouse movement is recorded, and, using a postprocessing pipeline we present, can be analyzed to produce scanpaths as well as word-by-word reading times. We validate MoTR in two suites of experiments. In the first experiment, we collect data for the English-language Provo Corpus (Luke et al., 2016). We analyze scanpaths and show that participants interpolate between two types of strategies for reading during a MoTR trial---sometimes they fixate on individual words, somewhat akin to eye-tracking, while other times they produce a more constant pass over the text, slowing down in response to processing difficulties. Taking these strategies into account, we show that the word-by-word reading times produced by our data analysis pipeline correlate well with previously collected eye-tracking data for this corpus and that these correlations are higher than those produced by SPR data, which we also collect for the corpus. Furthermore, we demonstrate that there is a linear relationship between by-word MoTR values and word-level surprisal values, as has been previously shown for eye-tracking data (Smith & Levy, 2013). In the second experiment, we assess whether MoTR can be used to study sentence-processing phenomena in targeted psycholinguistics experiments. Using materials from Witzel and Witzel (2012), we show that MoTR can reveal English speakers' preferences for low attachment during online sentence comprehension. We argue that MoTR presents a compelling tradeoff between multiple experimental considerations: It is cheap to run and can be presented in a browser enabling the collection of data over the internet. It is more naturalistic than some alternative processing measures, allowing participants to skip words and regress to previous sentence regions. Finally, it has good sensitivity, detecting signatures of psycholinguistic processing behaviors from a relatively small number of participants.
Artificial Intelligence is More Creative Than Humans: A Cognitive Science Perspective on the Current State of Generative Language Models
Authors: Hubert Kent , Awa Kim N. , Zabelina Darya
Published: September 2023

The emergence of publicly accessible artificial intelligence (AI) large language models such as ChatGPT has given rise to global conversations on the implications of AI capabilities. Emergent research on AI has challenged the assumption that creative potential is a uniquely human trait thus, there seems to be a disconnect between human perception versus what AI is objectively capable of creating. Here, we aimed to assess the creative potential of humans in comparison to AI. In the present study, human participants (N = 151) and GPT-4 provided responses for the Alternative Uses Task, Consequences Task, and Divergent Associations Task. We found that AI was robustly more creative along each divergent thinking measurement in comparison to the human counterparts. Specifically, when controlling for fluency of responses, AI was more original and elaborate. The present findings suggest that the current state of AI language models demonstrate higher creative potential than human respondents.
Within-subject reliability, occasion specificity, and validity of fluctuations of the Stroop and Go/No-Go tasks in ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Hachenberger Justin , Mayer Axel , Kerkhoff Denny , Eyssel Friederike , Fries Stefan , Lonsdorf Tina B , Zech Hilmar G , Deserno Lorenz , Lemola Sakari
Published: September 2023

Following the (revised) latent state-trait theory the present study investigates within-subject reliability, occasion specificity, common consistency, and construct validity of cognitive control measures in an intensive longitudinal design. These indices were calculated applying dynamic structural equation modelling while accounting for autoregressive effects and trait change. In two studies, participants completed two cognitive control tasks (Stroop and Go/No-Go) and answered questions about goal-pursuit, self-control, executive functions, and situational aspects, multiple times per day. The sample (aged 18–30 years in both studies) consisted of 21 participants (14 females) in the Pilot Study and 70 participants (48 female) in the Main Study. Findings indicate poor within-subject reliability for the Stroop task error rate and reaction time difference between congruent and incongruent trials and moderate to good within-subject reliability for the Go/No-Go task error rate and reaction time. Occasion specificity – the systematic variance accounted for by state residuals – was on a modest level (between 1.4% and 11.1%) for the Stroop error rate and reaction time difference, and on a moderate level (between 16.1% and 37.2% for the Go/No-Go error rate and reaction time) in the two studies. Common consistency – the variance accounted for by latent trait variables – was on a moderate to high level for all of the investigated scores. Indicative of construct validity, the Stroop and Go/No-Go task error rates correlated positively with each other on the within- and between-subject level. Within-subject correlations between task scores and subjective self-control measures were very small and mostly not significant.
Positive attitudes towards ADHD among diagnosed individuals: Divergent influences across symptoms
Authors: Katabi Gili , merav  , Lukito Steve , Sonuga-Barke Edmund , Shahar Nitzan
Published: September 2023

Background: Existing literature on adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predominantly emphasizes its negative aspects. However, recent qualitative studies have found that some people with ADHD view their condition as including positive features. The aim of this study was to examine the association between patients’ symptoms profile and their degree of positive attitudes toward their ADHD. We hypothesized that patients with more severe symptoms would hold less positive attitudes toward their ADHD. Methods: A survey questionnaire study across three independent samples of adults diagnosed with ADHD. Sample one included Hebrew-speaking participants (n = 84; age range: 18–40 years). Sample two included an international cohort of English-speaking participants from 24 countries (n = 126; age range: 18–64 years). Sample three included individuals with a research diagnosis, validated at the time of testing (n = 50; age range: 20–35 years).Outcomes: The main outcome was assessed using a newly-developed self-report measure, the Positive Attitudes Toward ADHD Scale (Cronbach's α = 0.88, test-retest reliability r = .89). ADHD symptoms severity was measured using the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS). Bayesian regression analysis revealed consistent results across all three samples. As predicted, greater severity of inattention symptoms predicted less positive attitudes towards ADHD. However, contrary to expectation, greater severity of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms was associated with more positive attitudes. No moderation effects were found for socioeconomic status, daily-functioning, knowledge of ADHD, or active treatment.Interpretation: Individuals with ADHD vary considerably in how they view their condition. Here, for the first time, we find replicated evidence for differential predictions by symptom severity, with more severe inattention associated with less positivity and more severe hyperactivity/impulsivity associated with more positivity. Future research should delve into the underlying reasons for these associations, as a deeper understanding may help to develop and tailor intervention approaches.
Using supervised machine learning methods in psychological research
Authors: Hajdu Nandor , Szaszi Barnabas , Aczel Balazs , Nagy Tamas
Published: September 2023

Supervised machine learning can be used in many areas of psychological research, enabling the analysis of more complex data. Our aim is to describe the types, operation and use of supervised machine learning in psychological research. We review the benefits of machine learning, as well as the concepts of overfitting, bias, and variance that help in model selection and ensure robustness of the results. We also briefly describe the most important supervised machine learning algorithms and describe the key steps in the preparation of variables and data. An example analysis is presented to illustrate how the choice between stairs and elevator of university students can be modelled using supervised machine learning. At the end of the paper, we discuss the limitations of machine learning and its place in the education of psychologists. We hope that the knowledge presented will help psychologists to use machine learning more effectively and creatively.
The network expression of a Roma diaspora
Authors: Ogáyar Francisco J. , Muntean Vasile , Gamella Juan F. , Kovarik Jaromir , Espín Antonio M.
Published: September 2023

Although ethnographers and policy-makers have long discussed the socialization patterns of the Roma—the largest and most marginalized native ethnocultural minority in Europe—, quantitative analysis is scarce. Partially, this is due to the group’s unique combination of social closure and spatial dispersion associated to the recent massive migration waves of the Roma from Central Europe. Here, we implement a novel methodology that draws on Roma’s migration networks and ethnicity- and kin-centered social norms, which enforce a permanent contact with their close ones, often using online social media like Facebook. We combine snowball sampling and a questionnaire about four “top friends”, as ranked by the Facebook algorithm, to elicit a sociocentric network of a comparatively large group of self-identified Romanian Roma (n = 752, 96% living outside Romania). We show that the elicited network considerably resembles the social structure of the target population in terms of kinship, subethnic group membership, gender roles, and other characteristics. The detected patterns provide a quantitative evaluation of the qualitative ethnographic research on the Roma and open new avenues for research on this and other hard-to-reach populations.
Slender Bodies: The Pressure of Slenderness on Girls’ and Young Women’s Bodies Under the Influence of the late 1990s and early 2000s Children’s Media
Authors: Mullin Katherine
Published: September 2023

Children’s media from the late 1990s and early 2000s captured a society that continued to place an emphasis on slender female bodies by any means necessary. As such, children’s media from this time included these cultural norms through messages and images used throughout movies and TV shows. This research explored how children’s TV shows and movies, particularly the Disney Princess movies, imparted these cultural norms to understand both how often this topic was discussed and the impacts on the girls that consumed them. Through critical textual analysis of scenes and episodes from Zoey 101, The Suite Life of Zack and Cody, Full House, and The Little Mermaid, it was clear that there are a lot of subtle messages that comment on how women’s bodies should be thin. Additionally, many shows attempt to create episodes trying to address this issue but instead perpetuate the thin ideal. Seven interviews were conducted to understand how and if these media messages had an impact on people ten to twenty years after they first viewed them. By interviewing people aged 18 to 23, this study was able to look closely at impacts as the interviewees had watched these TV shows and movies from a few years old up to early adolescence. This study found that there are many impacts for women who consumed this kind of media because of their early exposure and subsequent attempt to be slender like the media they watched as a child, contributing to eating disorders, body image issues, and a poor relationship with food.
Post-Soviet Eurasia in Global Geoeconomic Regionalization: First Outlines
Authors:   Department of Middle and Post-Soviet East of Institute for Scientific Information on Social Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences (INION), AVATKOV VLADIMIR , EVSTAFIEV DMITRY ,   Institute of Media, Faculty of Creative Industries, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: September 2023

The article examines the impact of identity factors on poli-tical, socio-economic, and cultural-historical processes in the Eurasian space. The author provides a classification and evaluation of the largest transforming geopolitical nodes of the Eurasian subsystem. The conclusion is drawn about the inevitability of forming a new economic geography of Eurasia, for which three alternative models of reconfiguration are proposed. The author’s vision of Russia’s role, place, and key tasks in the Eurasian geo-economic model is presented. The main factors for preserving Eurasia as a potential geo-economic macro-region are identified.
Indirect Actions of United States in Confrontation with Russia of Past and Future in Post-Soviet Space
Authors:   Department of International Relations of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, VOROBYEV SERGEY
Published: September 2023

The article presents the author’s comments and conclusions from the program of the American military-political leadership, which has been implemented for seventy-five years, indicated in the directive 20/1 “US goals in the war against Russia” adopted by the US National Security Council on August 18, 1948.
Armenia as Object of Influence of Turkish Policy of “Soft Power”: Difficulties, Successes and Prospects
Authors:   Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University, KURYLEV Konstantin , YENOKYAN Artyom ,   Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University
Published: September 2023

Despite the fact that Turkey was among the first to recognize the independence of Armenia on December 24, 1991, diplomatic relations have not been established between the countries to this day. In the first decade of the 21 st century, there were attempts to normalize relations, but they were unsuccessful. After the Second Karabakh War, Turkey resumed efforts to normalize relations. The article discusses the importance of Armenia for Turkey, presents the tools of the Turkish policy of “soft power”, a separate emphasis is placed on the existing obstacles that impede its advancement in this country. One of the main objectives of this article is an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness and research the results of Turkey’s soft impact policy in Armenia. The authors studied public opinion polls, speeches and statements of politicians, opinions of labor migrants and representatives of the Armenian community in Turkey, publications in the media, scientific works of scientists from both sides on this topic. The authors found that the absence of diplomatic relations is not a barrier to the policy of “soft power”. To achieve its foreign policy goals, Turkey uses all kinds of tools not only of “hard” but also “soft power”, such as various funds, media, the Armenian diaspora in Turkey, etc. If in other South Caucasian states Ankara pursues a policy of “soft power” with the help of state and non-state organizations, then in Armenia, due to the lack of diplomatic relations, only with the help of non-state actors.
Trade and Economic Relations between Azerbaijan and Iran: Problems and Prospects
Authors:   Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), AGHAZADA Mirmehdi
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the study of trade and economic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan (AR) and the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). The author analyzes the factors that influenced the pace of development of Azerbaijani-Iranian trade and economic relations, considering the volume of trade turnover between the two countries. It is noted that the Second Karabakh War, which took place from September 27 to November 9, 2020, and ended with the victory of Azerbaijan, became a turning point in bilateral relations. On the one hand, by restoring Azerbaijan’s full control over the entire border with Iran, new documents were signed on the implementation of road and railway projects connecting the East Zangezur Economic Region of Azerbaijan and the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic through the territory of Iran, and on the other hand, the results of the war, including the strengthening of Turkey’s influence in the South Caucasus, caused an aggravation of political relations between the Azerbaijani and Iranian authorities. If in previous years, during the tension between Baku and Tehran, the volume of trade turnover between the two countries decreased, this time an increase in bilateral trade turnover is observed, which is actually a new phenomenon in the history of Azerbaijani-Iranian relations. Thus, a new regional dynamic is being formed in the South Caucasus after the Second Karabakh War, which forces both countries to maintain and increase the level of economic relations.
Influence of West on Post-Soviet Space: Progressive Movement to Change Cultural Code
Authors:   Department of Middle and Post-Soviet East of Institute for Scientific Information on Social Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences (INION), KUDRYASHOVA Daria
Published: September 2023

The European Union is one of the external players in the post-Soviet space, considering the region from the point of view of a rich resource base and a new affordable market. Having taken shape as a subject of international relations in 1992, the EU began to spread its influence in the countries of the post-Soviet space. The article examines the evolution of the approaches of the European Union to independent republics. Initially, the post-Soviet space was perceived by the leaders of the European Union as one whole, and the mechanisms and instruments of influence were universal for all countries of the region (Partnership and Cooperation Agreements; TACIS technical assistance program). Due to the failure of a unified approach, the EU has begun to develop programs and strategies based on the specifics of individual regions of the post-Soviet space: Eastern Europe, South Caucasus, Central Asia. As a result of the targeted impact on states, taking into account regional peculiarities and challenges, the European Union has managed to achieve some success. The obvious victory of the European neighborhood policy was the emergence of an “associated trio” with the participation of Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia, who made their “European choice”. The countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia are not interested in adapting to European values and standards, but they have a positive attitude to the investment investments of the European Union in the regions and are open to expanding trade and economic ties, which indicates the partial participation of the EU in the processes of the post-Soviet space.
Evaluation of two (opx-cpx) pyroxene Geothermometer
Authors: Thomas Harel , Shukla Satyam , Rana Haritabh , Soni Aman , Bidolya Jyoti , Batri Rishabh , Mishra Anju , Chattraj Rupam
Published: September 2023

In the last few decades, for estimation of the original equilibrium conditions of the mantle and deep crustal rocks, several empirical as well as synthetic thermometers have been proposed. Various types of rocks from earth, moon or meteorites contain two coexisting pyroxenes. Petrologists have long recognised the potential of coexisting high Ca and low Ca pyroxenes to yield thermometric calculations. Several models have been proposed for two pyroxene thermometers in the last few decades. The authors have compared ten models of two pyroxene thermometers proposed since 1973. Sixty one (61) sample data of granulites from the global literature were collected and processed through the “Opx-Cpx.EXE” software. We conclude that three models are the most valid and reliable of this kinds of thermometers: Kretz (1982), Bertrend and Mercier (1985) and Nickel and Green (1985).
Numerical modelling of cut-slope stability in the Lesser Himalayan terrain of west-central Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Krishna Kumar , Paudyal Kabi Raj , Thapa Prem Bahadur
Published: September 2023

Area development without due consideration of geological factors has led to recurrent slope failures within the Lesser Himalayan Zone thereby rendering socio-economic impacts. This issue is well exemplified by cut-slopes in major highways of Nepal traversing through a diverse range of rocks and soils. The study has focused on addressing the stability challenges posed by highly vulnerable excavated cut-slopes with particular attention given to a debris cut-slope considered as a model for this study is located in the Lesser Himalayan terrain of west-central Nepal. The cut-slope model is analyzed by numerical modellings through both the limit equilibrium method (LEM) and finite element method (FEM). The study further evaluated the underlying causes of these failures to recommend the options for remedial measures. Data acquired from two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT), multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW), and laboratory testing were integrated into numerical modelling and simulation. The results showed that the lower slope below the natural benching is stable whereas the upper failed slope is unstable due to reduced gravitational loading. In LEM, factors of safety (FoS) range from 0.77 to 0.89 for cut-slope angles of 70° and 60° whereas the FoS in modified slopes (50° and 40°) were slightly greater than 1 which ranged from 1.01 to 1.18 and indicated marginal stability. Application of 25 mm diameter soil nails, each measuring 6 m in length and spaced at 2 m intervals with tensile and plate capacity of 125.6 kN, bond strength of 75.4 kN/m, and 80% of nail length have produced FoS of 1.30 or greater in LEM and FEM which is acceptable values specified by EM 1110-2-1902 and IS 456 2000 for end-of-construction and multistage loadings.
An approach of geological mapping and geotechnical investigation: Case study from the Lalitpur Metropolitan City, Nepal
Authors: Rizal Sanjay , Paudyal Kabi Raj
Published: September 2023

Urbanization is rapidly growing throughout the world, especially in the least developed and developing countries necessitating proper land use planning. However, the lack of sufficient study has created the possibility of unprecedented geohazards. In this study, a detailed geological and engineering geological mapping along with the geotechnical analysis of soils and sediments from the Bhainsepati–Pharsidol area of Lalitpur District has been carried out. Detailed geological maps and geological cross-sections were prepared on the scale of 1:25,000 following the most adopted stratigraphy of central Nepal for both hard rocks and Quaternary deposits. Two mappable geological units like the Tistung Formation and the Chandragiri Limestone of the Phulchauki Group are found within the hard rock succession at the study area’s hill sections. Similarly, the Quaternary succession is mapped into the Lukundol Formation and the Chapagaon Terrace deposits of Kathmandu Valley sediments from older to younger succession respectively. There is a distinct erosional unconformity between the rocks of the Phulchauki Group and the Quaternary Valley sediments. A kinematic analysis of discontinuities developed in the rocks was carried out in the rock slopes found in the area. Both field and laboratory analyses of soil samples were carried out for the representative samples. The laboratory tests include moisture content, specific gravity, particle size distribution, soil consistency, compaction, and consolidation properties. Finally, an engineering geological map was prepared on the same scale as geological mapping showing the details of the distribution of geo-materials. This study is expected to be valuable to make proper land-use decisions for town planning and developmental activities in the rapidly growing city of Nepal.
Tectono-lithostratigraphy of the outer Lesser Himalaya in the Barahakshetra-Tribeni area, Arun valley section, eastern Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Drona , Tamrakar Prafulla , Khatiwada Prabin Pramod , Gyawali Rupak , Paudel Lalu Prasad
Published: September 2023

Geological mapping was carried out in the outer part of the Lesser Himalaya in the Barahakshetra – Tribeni area of east Nepal along the Arun River valley. A revised and updated tectono-lithostratigraphic scheme of the area along with detailed description of each unit and their comparison with central and west Nepal has been presented in this work. The area is divided into three tectonic units named as the Chimra Thrust Sheet, the Dharapani Thrust Sheet and the Tribeni Paraautochthon from north to south, respectively, separated by the Chimra Thrust and the Dharapani Thrust. The rocks of the Chimra Thrust Sheet consist the Pre-Cambrian Phongsawa Group and is divided into the Mulghat Formation, Okhre Formation, Jyamire Gneiss and Belhara Formation, from bottom to top, respectively. The Jyamire Gneiss is comparable to the Ulleri Augen Gneiss and other formations are equivalent to the lower part of the Kuncha Formation. The Dharapani Thrust Sheet, comprising Pre-Cambrian Bhendetar Group, is subdivided into the Chiuribas Formation, Sangure Quartzite and Karkichhap Formation, from bottom to top, comparable with the upper part of the Kuncha Formation, Fagfog Quartzite and Dandagaon Phyllite, respectively. The Tribeni Paraautochthon is divided into the Late Pre-Cambrian Lukuwa Dolomite unconformably overlain by the Gondwana and post-Gondwana rocks of the Barahakshetra Group. The Barahakshetra Group is divided into the Kokaha Diamictite and Baraha Volcanics, Sapt Koshi Formation and Tamrang Formation, from bottom to top, comparable with the Sisne Formation, Taltung Formation and the Dumri Formation, respectively.
Prevalence and Location of Maxillary Sinus Septum and its Relation to Maxillary Sinusitis
Authors: Dhami Bhageshwar , Shrestha Priti , Saha Ankit , Pandey Nashib , Aryal Deepa
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Maxillary sinus septum is an anatomical variation in the maxillary sinus. Sinus septum is also an important anatomical structure that complicates sinus lift procedure during dental implant placement.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence and location of maxillary sinus septa and its relation to maxillary sinusitis using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT scan).
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Periodontics and Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal during July 2019 to June 2020 after ethical clearance. In total, 110 subjects and 220 maxillary sinuses were included in the study for evaluation by convenience sampling. The presence of septa, their location and association with maxillary sinusitis were evaluated. Data was analysed using SPSS software with Statistical level set at P<0.05 for significance.
Results: The prevalence of maxillary sinus septa in this study was 54 (49.09%). Statistically significant association was found between sinus septa with maxillary sinusitis (p=0.038) and location of septum in the arch (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Presence and distribution of maxillary sinus septa is important in planning sinus surgeries and placement of implant in maxillary posterior region.
Impact of Second Wave of Corona Virus Disease-2019 on Utilisation Pattern of Dental Services in a Dental Teaching Hospital
Authors: Dahal Sirjana , Niroula Deepa , Yadav Rajiv , Poudel Prakash
Published: September 2023

Introduction: COVID-19 brought fear in utilisation of dental services and a critical challenge to dental institutions on how to respond to the dental emergency conditions.
Objective: To assess the impact of second wave of COVID-19 on utilisation patterns of dental services in a dental hospital of Kathmandu.
Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among all individuals visiting outpatient department of a dental teaching hospital, Kathmandu during lockdown and were assessed for chief complaint, examined orally and referred to specialty departments according to treatment need. It was then compared with referral done in pre-lockdown period. Data were analysed in SPSS. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated depending upon the nature of data. Chi-square test was done for determining association between different variables.
Results: During lockdown, majority (67, (28.5%) complained of dental pain, trauma or had hopeless tooth requiring referral to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery followed by dental problems of endodontic concern (50, 21.3%) with need of referral to Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. However, during the pre-lockdown period, majority (377, 33.1%) were referred to Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics followed by referral to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (275, 24.1%). The proportional difference in referral between two periods were statistically significant (P <0.001).
Conclusion: The study concluded that the second wave of COVID-19 lockdown had impact on utilisation of dental services. Safety protocols including proper infection control measures need to be implemented to reduce the risk of transmission and provide quality oral health services.
The Trans-Himalayan Livelihood: Opportunities and Challenges in Tourism Development in Upper Mustang, Nepal
Authors: Khattri Man Bahadur
Published: September 2023

The people, places, and livelihoods of the Himalayan regions in Nepal are great attractions to tourists for multiple activities. However, mountain livelihood as tourist product has been little attention. This paper aims to present the Loba livelihood of the Upper Mustang, a trans-Himalayan region of Nepal as an intangible heritage, where the Government of Nepal began high-yielding tourism in 1992. Similarly, it focuses on opportunities and challenges of tourism development in the Upper Mustang. The paper is based on anthropological fieldwork conducted for the PhD, at Tribhuvan University, Nepal. The qualitative data were collected by applying observation and interview methods. The quantitative data were collected by Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Lo-manthang, and Jomsom. The important observable tourist goods in the study area include scenic desert-like natural surroundings, sacred sites, Himalayan festivals, rituals, local organic food items, and high altitude agricultural and pastoral practices. Similarly, the visitors are amazed and attracted by these tangible as well as intangible cultural heritages of Loba. The heritage includes the “mud-walled city of Lo-manthang”, medieval monasteries, palaces, and cave dwellings. The Loba livelihood is unique and a great attraction to domestic as well as international tourists for those who have no opportunity to experience a similar livelihood elsewhere. According to the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), Lo-manthang Unit Office records 52559 (1992-2019) foreign tourists visited Upper Mustang, which is increasing by 144 tourists per year. This study contributes to the local, provincial, and federal governments to plan further development of tourism in the Himalayan region.
Tourism and Hospitality: Academia and Industry Interface
Authors: Kunwar Ramesh Raj , Ulak Nimesh
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to elaborate on the relationship between academia and industry. There is found a reciprocal relationship between academia and industry. Most of the studies have focused on the industry academia linkages from experiences of developed countries and those studies are not related to academia and tourism and hospitality relationships which are published in policy research. This study is based on exploratory research. Desktop research is carried out to collect secondary data to understand the collaboration and gap between academia and industry as there are many hidden problems in the process of producing the suitable manpower for the industry by academia and industry’s expectation from academia. Almost, the published literature is used in this research. This study is the outcome based on finding solutions to these research questions: how academia and industry collaboration in tourism and hospitality sectors is trending in the world? And what is the gap between these two arenas? This study aims to explore the interface between academia and industry (university and tourism and hospitality industry) which is very useful for providing knowledge, employment, and nation’s development. This study includes introduction, university and industry interface, tourism academia and industry interface, literature review, personology and professionalism, career commitment, collaboration and bridging gap, methodology, discussions, conclusion, and recommendations.
Implementation of the X-Means Algorithm on Unemployment Data in West Java
Authors: - N.PRIYA DHARSHINNI , Gurbinder Singh  , Tobing Riama D.Lumban , Aldwin Simamora  , Naibaho Johannes April Talihan , BA Wijaya
Published: September 2023

The unemployment rate is a serious issue in many countries, including Indonesia, with impacts that encompass psychological pressure, declining living standards, reduced national income, and diminished workforce quality. High unemployment rates can lead to poverty, resource wastage, and have implications for a country's economic growth. Additionally, inadequate workforce quality is a determining factor in unemployment rates. The objective of this study is to classify unemployment data, specifically in West Java Province, using the X-Means algorithm based on educational levels and districts/cities, in order to examine the fluctuations in unemployment. The research findings indicate fluctuations in the number of unemployed individuals in West Java Province from 2011 to 2022. The low unemployment rate in West Java Province experienced a 66.7% increase in 2014-2015, remained stable in 2017-2019, while the high unemployment rate decreased by 80% in 2014-2015, remained stable in 2017-2019, but increased by 20% in 2020-2022. Furthermore, Bogor Regency consistently recorded the highest unemployment rate in each cluster, with a total of 135,000 unemployed individuals in Bogor Regency in 2017-2019, while the education level with the highest unemployment rate was junior high school graduates
Analysis and Prediction of Relative Humidity Level using Generalized Linear Model
Authors: Nugroho Adi , Wicaksono Aditya Pramada , Choiruddin Achmad
Published: September 2023

The significance of humidity as a critical climate parameter impacts various sectors, including agriculture, health, and energy, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its influencing factors. This study investigates the influence of climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, sunshine duration, wind speed, and wind direction on the humidity levels in DKI Jakarta from 2019 to 2022. The objective is to develop a time-independent predictive model for humidity based on historical climate data. The methodology includes data pre-processing to impute missing values and replace outliers, followed by exploratory data analysis to ascertain variable distribution and inter-relationships. A regression model was initially employed for analysis, with subsequent application of regularization via a generalized linear model to enhance prediction accuracy. Results indicate that temperature, rainfall, sunshine duration, and wind direction significantly impact humidity levels in the investigated period. High inter-variable correlation posed challenges of multicollinearity and overfitting in the initial model. However, the application of regularization, trained with 75% of the historical dataset, mitigated these issues and improved model accuracy. This is evident in the improved Mean Squared Error (MSE) performance metrics of the Elastic-Net Regression Model (12.2), compared to the initial Multiple Regression Model (12.5). These findings hold potential implications for weather forecasting and climate change studies
Speed of sound of a non-equilibrium medium formed at LHC energies
Authors: Alvarado García Jesús Ricardo , Bautista Irais , Fernández Téllez Arturo
Published: September 2023

We estimate the squared speed of sound for the hot and dense QCD states formed in ion collisions at very high energies by exploring the implications of small-bounded and geometry effects in the String Percolation Model. The squared sound velocity shows signals of a local minimum (knee point) below the critical temperature consistent with the softest point in the equation of state and the onset of quark deconfinement that characterizes the quark-gluon plasma phase transition.
Electromagnetic time-like form factors
Authors: Miramontes Angel , Bashir Adnan
Published: September 2023

We present the calculation of charged pion and kaon electromagnetic form factors in the time-like regime using Schwinger-Dyson equations and the Poincare covariant Bethe-Salpeter equations within an SU(2) isospin symmetric limit. To accurately represent the behavior of a time-like photon, we have incorporated non-valence contributions into the system of equations, enabling the decays ρ → ππ and φ → KK. The inclusion of these decay mechanisms is essential for capturing the expected behavior of the electromagnetic pion and kaon form factors. Our results for the form factors reasonably reproduce the experimental data for a time-like photon.
“The Doctor” By Sir Luke Fildes: The Robert Packer Hospital Oil Sketch Original’
Authors: Meyer Alice A.
Published: September 2023

Certainly one of the world’s best known ‘genre’ paintings is “The Doctor” created at the end of the 19th century by Sir Luke Fildes. Its popularity was so great in Great Britain that an engraving of it had sale of over a million copies. The engraving in the United States could be found in large numbers of medical offices, and in 1947 it was chosen as the centenary of the American Medical Association, and postage stamps were issued with it, as a commemoration issue.
Does the Clinician Really Want to Know About the Specimen Or Is A Culture Just “Routine”?
Authors: Camp Carol
Published: September 2023

The fundamental purpose of the clinical microbiology laboratory is to report data on the “identification of pathogens” from carefully collected patient specimens and to report “useful” drug susceptibility data which will assist the physician in the selection of a therapeutic regimen.
Characteristics and Role Specialties Appropriate for Male Nurses as Perceived by Male and Female Nurses
Authors: Campbell Robert L.
Published: September 2023

The inception of modern nursing was June 24, 1860. On that date, the Nightingale School for Nurses, St. Thomas’ Hospital, opened in London, England.17 Evolving to a large extent from the women’s rights social movement in England of the early 1800’s, nursing became a profession for women.10 The duties of the nurse were all encompassing. She carried out physicians’ orders, observed the patient for changes in condition, and, in addition, was responsible for preparing meals and tending to many of the housekeeping functions. It was a full time responsibility with the work consuming 12 to 16 hours daily.
ВПЛИВ ПАТРИСТИЧНОЇ ТРАДИЦІЇ НА СТАНОВЛЕННЯ КАТОЛИЦЬКОГО ВЧЕННЯ ПРО ЛЮДИНУ
Authors: Верстин Андрій Андрійович
Published: September 2023

Дане наукове дослідження присвячене розгляду філософських і богословських поглядів Отців Церкви щодо антропологічних вчень, а також їхній ролі у становленні католицького вчення про людину в епоху Середньовіччя. Тут розглянуто роботи патристів, зокрема їхні погляди потрактовано в контексті сьогодення. Така необхідність викликана високою науковою цінністю цих досліджень для розвитку філософії християнства та в становленні католицтва і православ’я загалом. Твердження про богословське походження антропологічного вчення Отців Церкви в даному дослідженні знаходить наукове обґрунтування, зокрема на основі Святого Письма, людина постає найвищою цінністю, адже є творінням на подобу Божу. У праці розглянуто розвиток вчення про походження душі, порушено питання єдності душі й тіла, свободи вибору. Душа й тіло повинні перебувати у тісному зв’язку, чим забезпечується особливе місце людині у світовій ієрархії, де вона постає провідником між духовним і матеріальним. Дві субстанції – душа й тіло – повинні бути єдиними, але не змішаними. Проаналізовано питання свободи волі, адже, за вченням патристів, вона є важливою людською ознакою, яка виражає можливість вибору. Воля – Божий дар, хоча саме вона часто передує гріху. У такому разі порятунком є благодать – особлива божественна енергія, яка прямо діє на людину і здатна змінювати її природу. Також у статті розглянуто надважливу тематику, яка не втрачає своєї актуальності ніколи – про покликання людини на землі. Для патристів то була особлива тематика, адже мета людини як і цінність її життя залишаються надважливими у всі часи. Стаття репрезентує вчення Отців Церкви про те як зв’язок людини з Богом впливає на її життя та вічність. За допомогою аналізу праць патристичної традиції визначено як сформувалося католицьке вчення про людину.