bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between functional and radiological outcome after surgical stabilization of volar Barton fracture with plating: a comparative study
Authors: Goud Vikram , Kanamarlapudi Manoj
Published: May 2020

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the functional and radiological outcomes after open reduction with internal fixation of volar Barton’s fracture of the wrist and compare their outcomes.

Methods: Total of 30 cases of volar Barton fractures were operated by open reduction and internal fixation with plating. Mean follow up period was 6 months. Patients were assessed both radiological and functional outcome and compare between the two outcomes.

Results: All fractures were healed in a mean period of 7 weeks (range 6-9 weeks). The mean disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score was 13.21 points (range: 10.3 to 30), thus confirming the patient’s good functional capacity. The higher the DASH score was (i.e. the worse the functional result), the smaller were the flexion (p=0.01), pronation (p=0.03), supination (p<0.0001) and radial deviation (p=0.005) of the wrist that underwent the surgical procedure after the fracture of the distal extremity of the radius. The radiological results were evaluated by modified Lidstrom criteria.

Conclusions: The radiographic results did not influence the DASH score. There was no statistical relationship between the DASH score and the radial height or the volar tilt or the radial tilt of the distal extremity of the operated radius.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Pietrafesa Pedro Araújo
Published: May 2020

Caros leitores, apresento para vocês a atual edição da Revista Brasileira de Assuntos Regionais e Urbanos (BARU) do segundo semestre de 2019. Está será a última edição no formato de volume e números. Passamos agora para fluxo contínuo. Nesta nova configuração estamos nos adaptando as exigências e dinâmicas recentes das publicações em periódicos acadêmicos. Daremos mais celeridade para os autores publicarem seus trabalhos e aos leitores terem acesso a produção de conhecimento na área de planejamento urbano e regional, bem como de demografia.
«Housing problem» on virgin soil: touches of everyday life
Authors: Kuznetsova O. V.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem of housing construction for working state farms during the development of virgin and fallow lands (50-ies 60-ies of the XX century) using virgin state farms of the Orenburg (Chkalovsk) region as an example. To achieve this goal, the author posed the following tasks were set: to investigate the volume and quality of housing under construction on the virgin lands, to assess its sanitary condition, to characterize the internal situation of housing as an element of everyday life of primary lands; analyze the measures taken by the state. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the low knowledge of this problem in modern historiography and the lack of an integrated approach to it. A wide range of archival materials of a regional and national level, periodicals, and sources of personal origin are used as a research source. The presented material identifies the causes of the acute shortage of housing in the virgin lands; the analysis of compliance with norms and indicators of per capita demand and the actual provision of housing for each newcomer in the amount of square meters of living space, as well as the volume of housing development in the dynamics of the first decade of development of virgin lands. Based on the analysis of the statements of young people virgin lands, a map of priorities is compiled, prompting them to decide to move and develop these lands; issues of technical and sanitary condition of housing for new settlers are considered; a characteristic of the housing situation on the virgin lands is given, the possibilities of primary virgin lands and landmarks for the interior decoration of houses, apartments and rooms, as well as their arrangement, are determined; the main ways to solve the analyzed problem in virgin state farms are identified, such as lending for individual construction, provision of prefabricated switchboard houses, housing construction by unqualified primary lands. Conclusions are drawn about the lack of housing in the virgin lands, both quantitatively and qualitatively; about unsanitary condition in the first few years of development of virgin lands; lack of furniture and household items; a direct relationship between the quality of housing, its readiness for the arrival of new settlers and the turnover of personnel in virgin state farms. Most of the measures taken yielded results only in the mid-1960-ies.
Politics of memory: historical symbols and commemorative practices in the system of socio-political selfregulation of the region (Siberia of the XX – early XXI centuries)
Authors: Krasilnikova E. I. , Valdman I. A.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this article is to generalize the dynamics of developing politics of memory, which was reflected in the processes of socio-political self-regulation of the Siberian region during the XX in the early XXI centuries. The study solves the problem of identifying the basic institutionalized forms and methods of using historical symbols within the framework of public commemorative practices and typical historical narratives, being established in Siberia in the XX beginning of the XXI centuries. The tasks also include identifying the stages of history of diverse manifestations of politics of memory in the memorial culture of Siberia in this period. The relevance of this article is due to the need of studying the meaning and methods of using historical symbols and commemorations within the framework of the politics of memory in order to form a critical, scientifically based position in relation to it. The study was implemented within the framework of the Memory Studies problem field and relies on interdisciplinary, sociocultural and socio-constructivist approaches. Comparative, diachronic, and systemic genetic methods there were used. For the first time the authors of the project intend to consider the politics of memory in relation to Siberia as a system that has gradually been formed and transformed depending on various conditions and factors. The scientific significance of the project is that the politics of memory implemented in the region by means of historical symbols and commemorative practices will be studied as a complex sociocultural phenomenon of regulating social consciousness of the regional society. As a result of the project implementation, the dynamics of using historical symbols and commemorations by various actors of regional politics in the sphere of building relations with central authorities and internal regional socio-political self-regulation processes. The authors define the stages of history of diverse manifestations of the memory policy in the memorial culture of Siberia. The Siberian macro-region, in spite of certain ethnocultural features in the areas where local peoples are densely populated, has emerged as one of the most Russian-oriented in its culture and dominant socio-political identity. And the basis of this result was the aggregate symbolic self-regulation of the Siberian society, which includes the dialectically complementary national and regional levels of memory policy.
Historiography of the Samara Zemstvo in the context of Russian and foreign zemstvo historiography
Authors: Turganova O. V. , Matveev M. N.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was a historiographic analysis of scientific works on the history of zemstvos of the Middle Volga region, which contained assessments of the organization and activities of zemstvos of the provinces of the Middle Volga region, which, along with city councils, performed the functions of local governments in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries. The focus is on regional studies. To reveal this topic, the authors set the following tasks: 1) to distinguish periods of historiography; 2) to find out the reasons for the insufficient attention of historians to the Zemstvo in Russian and Soviet historiography; 3) to show the most studied topics and problems raised in the research of Soviet and post-Soviet, as well as foreign historians in the field of Russian local government (including Samara); 4) to characterize the approaches of modern historiography of the Samara zemstvo; 5) to determine the objectives of future research. When studying the conceptual representations of scientists, the methods of historiographic analysis were used, including comparative-historical, chronological, and also the method of periodization. In the historiography of the problem, two periods are distinguished: Soviet and modern. Historiographic facts were used as a source base: the works of Soviet, Russian and foreign historians monographs, scientific articles, scientific reviews and critical reviews, which contain valuable information about the ideas of scientists on Zemstvos, depending on the socio-political situation in the country and the degree of development of the topic under study. The authors found that until the 60-ies of the XX century the history of zemstvos did not cause much interest, and assessments of their activities were in line with the Marxist-Leninist ideology; 19902000-ies the most active and fruitful period of research on the history of the zemstvo. In the 10 of the XXI century enthusiasm for this problem began to decline. After 2010, against the background of the process of integrating local self-government in the state vertical of power that is gaining momentum in Russia and reducing its political significance, the development of history of local self-government and the zemstvo direction in research have lost their popularity, although there are still unaffected aspects and the need to create generalized works has remained, so as a problem of the place of the self-government system in Russia the past, the present and the future has been and remains relevant for our country. The authors also attempted to identify a new vector of problems on the history of the Zemstvo movement in the Russian Empire.
Methodological approaches in the formation of the model of informational and analytical competence of pharmaceutical specialists in the system of professional development
Authors: Kiseleva A. A.
Published: May 2020

n the article, the author presents a model for the formation of information and analytical competence of pharmaceutical specialists in the process of professional development, due to the need to develop the ability to conduct competent consultations of drugstore visitors to dispense over-the-counter drugs, as required by the restructuring of drugstores. During the analysis of scientific literature, the author identifies the structural components of informational and analytical competence. She analyzes the definitions of the essence of information and analytical competence, presents the developed authors concept information and analytical competence of a pharmaceutical specialist, gives its structure, which includes cognitive, need-motivational, reflective and operational-activity components, the combination of which allows a pharmaceutical specialist function efficiently in a professional space. The demand for informational and analytical competence is determined by the specifics of the activities of a pharmaceutical specialist. According to the Federal Educational Standard, this specialist carries out pharmaceutical, organizational, managerial and research activities in the course of daily professional consultations of visitors to pharmacy institutions. A specialist in the pharmaceutical profile should be able to analyze and prioritize, make decisions and take responsibility for them, have communication skills to collect information in the communication process, based on the required actions, skills and knowledge. The author describes methodological approaches to the development of a model for the formation of informational and analytical competence (cognitive, activity-based, competency-based, reflective, and functional-role). For the effective implementation of this model for the formation of informational and analytical competence, the author tests the method of blended learning.
Prevención de adherencias pélvicas postquirúgicas: revisión de tema
Authors: Palacio Marín Beatriz Elena
Published: May 2020

Cada día se profundiza más sobre el estudio de diferentes de métodos que puedan contribuir a disminuir la aparición de adherencias postquirúrgicas, ya que estas se asocian a gran morbilidad y a altos costos desde el punto de vista económico.Teniendo en cuenta que la cirugía ginecológica es una de las principales causas de formación de adherencias, el objetivo del presente artículo es presentar una revisión de la literatura analizando la fisiopatología de la formación de adherencias y de los diferentes métodos que han sido utilizados y de los que se están estudiando para su prevención.
Carcinoma in situ de la mama: controversias
Authors: Gallego Noreña Gildardo
Published: May 2020

Este artículo presenta los principales aspectos del cáncer in situ de la mama. Describe conceptos acerca de carcinoma lobular y ductal in situ de la mama. El cáncer lobulillar in situ es solo un marcador de un futuro cáncer. En cambio el carcinoma ductal in situ es un verdadero predictor de un cáncer invasivo en el futuro.La participación de la paciente para tomar decisiones acerca de su tratamiento es muy importante. Cada caso debe mirarse en forma independiente y hoy existe una tendencia a realizar tratamientos conservadores y no cirugías radicales. Existen razones precisas para realizar mastectomías, cuadrantectomías o resecciones locales.Se enfatiza la importancia de las márgenes o bordes libres cuando se efectúa tratamiento conservador de esta manera se garantiza el éxito del tratamiento. El porcentaje de recurrencia es el mismo cuando se usa tratamiento conservador o radical.
Endometriosis perineal: otra causa de dolor perineal crónico
Authors: Mulett Vásquez Edelberto , Arango Arango María del Pilar
Published: May 2020

La endometriosis perineal es una causa poco frecuente de consulta, pero se constituye en una importante causa de dolor perineal; una vez se tiene en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial no es difícil hacer el abordaje diagnóstico e igualmente el tratamiento.
Adenocarcinoma de células claras de vagina: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Fernández Mercado Robinson , González Rubio Álvaro
Published: May 2020

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 24 años Go Po con historia de sinosorragia de 10 meses de evolución. Al examen ginecológico se encontró lesión en fondo de saco vaginal anterior cuyo reporte de biopsia fue adenocarcinoma de células claras de vagina; se clasificó como estadio clínico I practicándosele histerectomía radical + linfadenectomía pélvica + vaginectomía superior + lavado pélvico. Al encontrarse el borde vaginal cercano al tumor se ordenó braquiterapia ginecológica complementaria. Los controles hasta la fecha han sido normales.
Diabetes y embarazo - actualización
Authors: Restrepo Ochoa Orlando
Published: May 2020

Se hace una revisión que incluye la nueva clasificación etiológica y los nuevos criterios diagnósticos de la Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Igualmente, se analiza el metabolismo de la mujer embarazada diabética, los efectos del embarazo sobre la DM y viceversa.Finalmente, se hace énfasis en el manejo metabólico de la DM durante el embarazo, trabajo de parto y parto; además, se discute el manejo obstétrico, incluyendo la vía del parto y el momento del mismo.
Presentación = Presentation
Authors: Zurita Aldeguer Rafael
Published: May 2020

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Historia y representación de la guerra en el espacio público valenciano = History and representation of war in the Valencian public spaces
Authors: Zurita Aldeguer Rafael
Published: May 2020

Resumen: La Guerra de la Independencia española sigue presente en el espacio público de la Comunidad Valenciana. Monumentos, esculturas, pinturas, placas conmemorativas, nombres de calles y plazas, espacios museográficos y recreaciones históricas son una prueba de ello. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es señalar los elementos de la memoria histórica que están visibles en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos del siglo XXI y ofrecer una interpretación sobre el significado que se da a estos lugares de la memoria de la guerra. Además, se constata que apenas existe una política para la puesta en valor del patrimonio histórico relacionado con la guerra ni una promoción del turismo cultural sobre esta época histórica.Palabras clave: Historia pública, Guerra de la Independencia, Memoria de la guerra, Conmemoraciones, Turismo cultural.Abstract: The Peninsular War is still present in the public spaces of the Valencian Community. Monuments, sculptures, paintings, commemorative plates, names of streets and squares, museums and re-enactments provide  proof of this. The   objective of this work is to point out the elements of historical memory that are visible in the everyday life of 21st century citizens, and to offer an interpretation of the meaning given to those places in war memories. Additionally, there is hardly any policy for the enhancement of historical heritage related to the war nor some kind of promotion of cultural tourism on those  historical times.Keywords: Public history, Peninsular War, War Memory, Commemorations, Cultural tourism.
Towards the Control and Prevention of Waste in IT Service Operation Using Fuzzy Logic: Focus in Incident Management Process
Authors: Berrahal Wadie , Marghoubi Rabia , El Akkaoui Zineb
Published: May 2020

All production lines are continuously confronted with the phenomenon of waste, especially in IT operations. A waste is assessed in terms of the required resources and the cost employed to solve the problem behind it. Eliminating the waste in daily operations is essential to improve IT service management. This article aims to provide an estimation of the level of potential waste, where waste generation trends are provoked by the activities of IT service management processes. We are going to focus particularly on the possibility of applying a Lean improvement process to IT services processes when using fuzzy logic method. We specifically demonstrate our contribution through the application of fuzzy analysis to the incident management process. This approach also aims at developing a theoretical and pragmatic model and promoting the knowledge of IT experts. In order to make our framework as generic as possible, concepts of IT operations, including the incident management, are inspired by the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), the most prominent framework for IT service governance according to the current literature.
Mechanisms of Phase Transformation and Creating Mechanical Strength in a Sustainable Calcium Carbonate Cement
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Jesús , Liberto Teresa , Barentin Catherine , Dysthe Dag Kristian
Published: May 2020

Calcium carbonate cements have been synthesized by mixing amorphous calcium carbonate and vaterite powders with water to form a cement paste and study how mechanical strength is created during the setting reaction. In-situ XRD was used to monitor the transformation of ACC and vaterite phases into calcite and a rotational rheometer was used to monitor the strength evolution. There are two characteristic time scales of the strengthening of the cement paste. The short timescale of the order 1 hour is controlled by smoothening of the vaterite grains, allowing closer and therefore adhesive contacts between the grains. The long timescale of the order 10-50 hours is controlled by the phase transformation of vaterite into calcite. This transformation is, unlike in previous studies using stirred reactors, found to be mainly controlled by diffusion in the liquid phase. The evolution of shear strength with solid volume fraction is best explained by a fractal model of the paste structure.
A Flexible Genome-Scale Resource of SARS-CoV-2 Coding Sequence Clones
Authors: Kim Dae-Kyum , Knapp Jennifer J. , Kuang Da , Cassonnet Patricia , Samavarchi-Tehrani Payman , Abdouni Hala , Rayhan Ashyad , Sheykhkarimli Dayag , Coyaud Etienne , van der Werf Sylvie , Demeret Caroline , Gingras Anne-Claude , Raught Brian , Jacob Yves , Roth Frederick P.
Published: May 2020

The world is facing a major health crisis, the global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, for which no approved antiviral agents or vaccines are currently available. Here we describe a collection of codon-optimized coding sequences for SARS-CoV-2 cloned into Gateway-compatible entry vectors, which enable rapid transfer into a variety of expression and tagging vectors. The collection is freely available via Addgene. We hope that widespread availability of this SARS-CoV-2 resource will enable many subsequent molecular studies to better understand the viral life cycle and how to block it.
COVID-19 Virus Infection and Transmission are Observably Less in Highly Dengue-endemic Countries: Can Dengue Vaccines be “Repurposed” to Prevent COVID-19?
Authors: Biswas Subhajit , Sukla Soumi
Published: May 2020

Global severity maps of ongoing dengue epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic do not overlap. Countries with high dengue endemicity (>1.5 million cases/year) are observably less hit by COVID-19 in terms of infection, transmission and mortality. Based on non-overlap of dengue and COVID-19 severity maps and evidence of SARS-CoV-2 serological cross-reactions with dengue, we wonder whether immediate immunization of susceptible populations in Europe, North America and Asia (China, Iran) with available live-attenuated dengue vaccines, will cue the anti-viral immune response to thwart COVID-19 (viral interference). Risk of developing post-vaccination “Antibody-dependent Enhancement” is low as dengue is not endemic in the aforesaid regions.
Why Infants Rarely Die of COVID-19 and Morbidity and Mortality Rates Vary by Location: Pneumococcal and Hib Vaccinations as Possible Means to Mitigate Future Pandemics
Authors: Root-Bernstein Robert
Published: May 2020

Two conundrums have puzzled COVID-19 investigators: 1) morbidity and mortality is rare among Infants and young children and 2) rates of morbidity and mortality exhibit very large variances across nations, locals and even within cities. These differences correlate with rates of Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) and pneumococcal vaccination, which are almost universal among infants and vary widely by geography among adults and the elderly. The higher the rate of vaccination, the lower the COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Vaccination rates with other vaccines, including BCG and poliovirus, do not correlate with COVID-19 risks. Notably, both Hib and pneumoccoci are common co-infections with influenza and coronaviruses and are associated with more severe disease and risk of death. Whether the vaccines simply protect against COVID-19 complications, directly protect against COVID-19 infection by inducing cross-reactive immunity, or are markers for some other types of protection such as availability of better healthcare, is not yet known. What is known is that improving coverage rates of Hib and pneumococcal vaccination has significantly lowered severe morbidity and mortality in influenza epidemics and might have similar efficacy for mitigating coronavirus outbreaks. If infants and children are valid indicators, the beneficial effects might be very significant. The possibility that anti-viral proteins in milk (e.g., lactoferrin) protect against COVID-19 is also explored.
Infection-Genomics of COVID-19: Are Some Communities Resistant?
Authors: Kini R. Manjunatha , Kundu Swati
Published: May 2020

The 2019-Novel Coronavirus has currently gripped the world in terror, affecting 210 countries and territories as of April 29, 2020. Originating from Wuhan, Hubei province, China, the virus has spread so rapidly throughout the world and has already claimed 218,000 lives and is currently afflicting 3.14 million people. The US has over 1.03 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, followed by Spain, Italy, France, UK, Germany, Turkey, Russia, Iran, and China. On careful inspection of the COVID-19 statistics, a peculiar unsettling trend becomes apparent. Western European countries and the US appear to have difficulties in overcoming the catastrophe. In contrast, countries in East Asia, Middle East and mid-Europe have sorted out the situation. Here, we will highlight this trend and propose the importance of infection-genomics (sankramikogenomics), in understanding the susceptibility to COVID-19 and the severity of disease progress. More detailed evaluation may also identify more susceptible populations. Such differences are due to variations in structure or tissue-specific expression (alternate splicing and accessibility) of the target receptors. So, we will highlight mere 12-fold lower affinity is insufficient to ignore CD147, as interactions occur between tens of spike proteins and equal number of cell surface ACE2 and/or CD147. Similar to pharmacogenomics to drug development and precision medicine, Sankramikogenomics will become an important field in other infectious diseases and pathogenicity.
Prevalence of Cancer in District Banu Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Hina , Ilyas Muhammad , Shah Muzammil , Ali Waqar , Ali Khan Ayaz
Published: May 2020

The present study was designed to check the prevalence of cancer in residents of District Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Patients' data were collected from three consulted Institutes during the year 2005-09. The data was analyzed for different parameters; year-wise, age-wise prevalence, gender-wise, occupation wise and marital status wise prevalence, addiction status, type of cancer, site affected, diagnostic tests performed and treatment of cancer. Results revealed that during 2005, a high number of cancer patients were present. A total of 172 patients were in the age group of 51-60 years, while only 11 patients were in the age group of 80 plus years. Female patients were more as compared to males. Married people were highly affected than unmarried. Patients addicted to smoking were highly affected than non-addicted patients. Malignancy was high in patients as compared to benign cancer. The most affected site was the blood system. The most affected people occupation wise were housewives followed by the farmer. A biopsy was mostly conducted for the diagnosis of cancer. Most of the patients were treated with chemotherapeutic agents. It has been revealed that the number of cancer patients decreased per annum. Moreover, the study should be conducted on the general population of Bannu as well as of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to sort out the total number of patients. The government should launch preventive, diagnostic programs so that prevalence may be minimized.
COVID-19: Simultaneous Surveillance Studies and Case Series, Jordan as a Case Study
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Ahmad
Published: May 2020

The outbreak of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already taken on pandemic proportions and has affected more than 100 countries in recent weeks. It is imperative that global healthcare systems are prepared. Containment initiatives in Jordan, on the other hand, have decreased new cases by over 63%. The Jordanian national health system has been very pleased with its ability to adequately meet the needs of the patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, and includes intensive care. From 2 March to 14 April 2020, between 4% and 8% of active infected patients in Jordan registered daily in intensive care. The percentage is very low.
Identification of Biomarkers and Enriched Pathways Involved in Lung Cancer
Authors: Singh Nikita , Kumar Mukesh , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Kumar Sonker Prashant , Saroj Agni
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of study is to find key genes and enriched pathways associated with lung cancer. Participants and Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) data of 54674 genes based on stage, tumor and status of lung cancer was taken from 66 patients of African American (AAs) origin. 2392 DEGs were found based on stage, 13502 DEGs were found based on tumor, 2927 DEGs were found based on status having p value (p<0.05). Results: Total 33 common DEGs were found from stage, tumor and status of lung cancer. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed and 49 significant pathways were obtained, out of which 10 pathways were found to be exclusively involved in lung cancer development. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis found 69 nodes and 324 edges and identified 10 hub genes based on their highest degrees. Module analysis of PPI found that ‘Viral carcinogenesis’, ‘pathways in cancer’, ‘notch signaling pathway’, ‘AMPK signaling pathways’ had a close association with lung cancer. Conclusion: These identified DEGs regulate other genes which play important role in growth of lung cancer. The key genes and enriched pathways identified can thus help in better identification and prediction of lung cancer.
Jumping Side Volley in Soccer – A Biomechanical Preliminary Study on the Flying Kick and Its Coaching Know-How for Practitioners
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Shan Gongbing , Liu Feng , Yu Yaguang
Published: May 2020

Jumping side volley has created breathtaking moments and cherished memories for us. Regrettably, a scientific study on the skill has not been found in literature. Relying on talent of athletes to improvise on the fly can hardly be considered a viable learning strategy. This study targets to fill the gap by quantifying factors contributing to develop its coaching method. Using 3D motion capture (12-cameras, 200Hz) and full-body biomechanical modeling, our study aimed to identify elements that govern entrainment of the skill by examining jumping, kicking and falling phases of its execution. Given the rarity of players who have acquired this skill, we found five subjects for the study. Twenty-three trials were captured and quantified. The results unveil the following key elements: 1) the control of trunk rotation during the jumping, 2) the angle between thighs upon take-off, 3) the whip-like control of the kicking leg during airborne, 4) timing between ball motion and limbs’ coordination, and 5) damping mechanism during falling. An accurate kick can only be achieved through repetitive training. This underlines the need for athletes to master a safe landing technique that minimizes risk of injury during practice. Therefore, training should begin with learning a safe falling technique.
Steric Blockage of Lysenin Toxin by Crowding
Authors: Munguira Ignacio L.B. , Barbas Alfonso
Published: May 2020

Increasing evidence signals the importance of macromolecular crowding on the regulation of the membrane protein activity. Lysenin is a pore forming toxin that forms crowded assemblies in membrane containing sphingomyelin microdomains. We studied the role of crowding on the activity of Lysenin thanks to High Speed Atomic Force Microscopy. In this study we show that pore formation requires available space around to take place, being sterically block in crowded environments, and verified it with nonSupported Lipid Bilayers mimicking the mechanical conditions of cell membranes. A continuous pH decrease and a single molecule compression experiments show that pore formation liberates membrane space leading to prepore-to-pore transitions. The study of the effects of prepore insertion comparing pore formation induced by sudden pH decrease in lysenin assemblies with thousand simulations show that liberation of space unblocks pore formation and could contribute to elude the cellular non-immune defences. Based on our findings we propose a refinement of current prepore structure and insertion models. We envision novel antibiotic strategies based on toxin-bindingdomains “crowders”.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Was Found in Lymph Nodes Station 2 Dissected during Lung Adenocarcinoma Surgery
Authors: Cai Yi , Xiong Lecai , Zhou Xiao , Huang Jingyu , Zhou Xuefeng , Xu Ming , Hu Weidong , Tang Hexiao
Published: May 2020

In the surgical treatment of lung cancer, systemic mediastinal lymph node dissection, as one important routine procedure, has been accepted by most peers in the world. However, due to the special location of some mediastinal lymph nodes, the difficulty of dissection, and the negative preoperative CT results, the specific scope of lymph node dissection is still controversial. Especially the second group, which is located at the top of thorax, is likely to be overlooked for the above reasons. Here, we report a case of lung adenocarcinoma in which the preoperative CT showed no abnormal lymph nodes in the second group and also no enlarged lymph nodes of the second group were found during the surgery, yet lymphadenectomy was still performed according the routine with the lymph node of station 2 being sampled. In the postoperative pathological report, cancer cells were found in the second group, instead of lung adenocarcinoma, these cells come from thyroid and were proved to be papillary thyroid carcinoma, which is unusual because no obvious indication of thyroid carcinoma was found in preoperative color doppler ultrasound of superficial lymph nodes.
A Dental Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic – Safe Aerosol-Free Emergent (SAFE) Dentistry
Authors: Benzian Habib , Niederman Richard
Published: May 2020

Dental services are significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost all dental procedures carry a high infection risk for providers and patients due to spread of aerosols. As a consequence, national public health agencies, and dental professional associations have issued guidelines for enhanced infection control, personal protection equipment and limiting care to urgent or emergency services. However, there is no dental service concept for disaster preparedness or response that might be applied. Similarly, pathways to care provision in a post-pandemic future are missing. We propose Safe Aerosol-free, Emergent Dentistry (SAFE Dentistry) as one approach to dental services during and emerging from pandemics. The concept’s starting point is the identification of the most common patient needs. The next step is to replace common treatments relating to the most common needs with alternative interventions with less infection risk because they do not generate aerosols. SAFE Dentistry is innovative, safe, and responds to the requirements of a pandemic and post-pandemic emergence where the risk of disease transmission remains high. SAFE Dentistry thereby ensures continuity of dental services while protecting providers and patients from infectious pathogens. Moreover, SAFE Dentistry allows dental service providers to remain operational and generate income even under pandemic conditions. Implementation and policy options for SAFE Dentistry include universal availability without co-payments by patients and a uniform bundled payment scheme for providers to simplify budgeting, reimbursement and to provide easier administration during a pandemic. Adaptations and adjustments of the concept are possible and encouraged, as long as the principle of avoiding aerosol-generation is maintained.
Количественная связь интенсивности солнечной радиации и среднесуточной величины насыщения фотосинтеза фитопланктона по свету для глубоководной части Чёрного моря
Authors: Ковалёва И. В.
Published: May 2020

По данным экспедиционных исследований, проведённых в Чёрном море в 1987–1993 гг., установлена линейная зависимость между плотностью светового потока, достигающего поверхности моря (E0), и началом светового насыщения фотосинтеза фитопланктона (En opt). Для расчётов использованы измерения скорости фотосинтеза фитопланктона, полученные радиоуглеродным методом. Уравнение связи между указанными величинами представлено впервые для Чёрного моря. En opt — среднесуточная, оптимальная величина насыщения фотосинтеза по свету. Параметры кривой фотосинтез — свет, определяемые в короткопериодных экспозициях при постоянном освещении, отличаются от параметров, полученных в длительных опытах в условиях переменного освещения. Это обусловлено разным действием интенсивности и дозы облучения на скорость фотосинтеза фитопланктона. Величины фотосинтетических параметров за определённое время интегрируются в единственное значение, которое является оптимумом за весь наблюдаемый период. В работе проведена аппроксимация интегрированных суточных данных отдельно за сезоны и в целом за 1987–1993 гг. С помощью статистической обработки данных среднесуточных значений интенсивности солнечной радиации, падающей на поверхность моря, тангенса угла наклона кривой фотосинтез — свет и величины максимальной скорости фотосинтеза определена аппроксимация для функциональной зависимости En opt от E0. Уравнение с высокой достоверностью описывает изменение среднесуточной величины светового насыщения фотосинтеза в Чёрном море в различные сезоны года, оно применимо в диапазоне освещённостей от 3 до 75 моль квантов·м−2·сут−1. Эта зависимость включает легко доступный для измерения параметр и может использоваться при анализе физиологических характеристик фитопланктона и расчёте интегральной продуктивности фитопланктона в эвфотическом слое как по спутниковым наблюдениям, так и по экспедиционным данным.
Retention in HIV/AIDS Management Services: is it Really Poor? The Case of Yaounde Central Hospital in Cameroon
Authors: Kouanfack Charles , Bede Fala , Nkfusai Claude Ngwayu , Wepngong Emerson , Venyuy Mbinkar Adeline , Hubert Chombong , Sam Denise Movuh , Cumber Samuel Nambile
Published: May 2020

Background: After consecutively defaulting on their appointments for three months, many HIV positive patients are often reported to have defaulted on their treatment, become lost to follow-up (LTFU), or no longer in care. We sought to determine if retention in HIV/AIDS care and treatment is really poor.

Methods: Outcomes of patients with missed clinic appointments and reasons for missing appointments were studied. We sampled adult HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) who by clinic had missed their clinic appointments by more than four weeks between 1997 and 2019 at the HIV Care and Treatment Center (CTC) (Day Hospital) of the Yaoundé Central Hospital. We assumed that patients who missed their clinic appointment also missed some doses of their ART medications. Patients considered LTFU and those who had defaulted for two months were traced by telephone calls and home visits. Reasons for ART discontinuation were recorded for those who stopped or interrupted ART.

Results: Of the 1139 patients who were either LTFU or who had defaulted for two months, 247/1139 (22 %) could not be traced. Out of the successfully traced patients, 50 (4%) had died and 798/1139 (70%) were alive and 310/1139 (27%) were on ART of which 35/1139 (3%) had developed informal ways of obtaining ART through clinic personnel. A good number were brought back to and reinitiated on ART after tracking (540/1139 or 47%). Of those known not to be on treatment(ART), 27/1139 (2%) had deliberately stopped ART and 63/1139 (6%) promised to return and took an appointment with CTC pyscho-social workers. Major reasons shared for missing clinic appointments were travel out of city (39%), distance from health facility, and financial cost for getting to health facility.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Despite clinic data showing many patients had missed monthly appointments or were LTFU, we saw that a sizeable amount of such patients were actually in care and on ART. The above findings lead to the suggestion that clinic data used in program performance

 

Copyright © 2020 Kouanfack et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Coupled Fluid Flow and Geomechanical Modeling of Seismicity in the Azle Area (North Texas)
Authors: Chen Rongqiang , Xue Xu , Park Jaeyoung , Yao Changqing , Chen Hongquan , Datta-Gupta Akhil , King Michael J. , Hennings Peter , Dommisse Robin
Published: May 2020

A series of earthquakes was recorded along a mapped fault system near Azle, Texas, in 2013. To identify the mechanism of seismicity, geologic, production/injection, and seismicity data are gathered to build a detailed simulation model with coupled fluid flow and geomechanics to model fluid injection/production and the potential onset of seismicity. Sensitivity studies for a broad range of reservoir and geomechanical parameters are performed to identify the influential parameters for injection wellhead pressure and earthquake data. A Pareto-based multi-objective history matching is performed using these influential parameters. The calibrated results are used to identify the controlling mechanisms for seismicity in the Azle area, North Texas, and their relationship to hydrocarbon production and fluid injection in the vicinity.

Geomechanical interaction has a significant impact on seismicity in the Azle area. Unbalanced loading created by the difference in the net fluid injection and production on different sides of the fault seems to generate accumulation of plastic strain change, likely resulting in the onset of seismicity. Previous studies ignore fluid withdrawal from gas production. Thus, they seem to have significantly underestimated the fluid withdrawal rates, almost by an order of magnitude. The equivalent bottomhole-voidage fluid rate used in this study suggests a drop in history-matched reservoir pore pressure that is consistent with the observed tubinghead pressure trends. Pore pressure increases may not fully explain the seismicity near the Azle area. Instead, geomechanical effects and strain propagation to the basement appear to be the dominant mechanisms. The low fault cohesion and minimum effective horizontal stress obtained from history matching confirm that the faults must be near or at the critically stressed state before the initiation of fluid production/injection. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the minimum effective horizontal stress and fracture gradient play a critical role in the potential risk for seismicity related to fluid injection/production. A streamline flow pattern further shows that there is no fluid movement in the basement formation and the unbalanced loading from different sides of the fault is more likely the controlling mechanism for seismicity.
Gene Expression Pattern of PI3K/AKT Pathway Based on Insulin Resistance and Vitamin D Toward the Understanding of T2DM Pathogenesis
Authors: Khorami Somayeh Alsadat Hosseini , Mutalib Mohd Sokhini Abd , Shiraz Mohammad Feili , Abdullah Joseph Anthony , Rejali Zulida , Ali Razana Mohd , Khaza’ai huzwah
Published: May 2020

Background Insulin-stimulated glucose transport occurs via PI3K/AKT-dependent pathway which results in GLUT4 translocation from intracellular vesicles to plasma membrane and glucose uptake. PTEN, as a phosphatase, is the main antagonist of the PI3K/AKT pathway’s kinases. Present study was performed to investigate underlying mechanism responsible for defects in insulin signaling and the plausible role of vitamin D in pathogenesis of T2DM through the comparison of serum vitamin D and expression of genes involved in insulin signaling in diabetics and non-diabetics.Results RT-PCR was employed to investigate mRNA expression level of IRS1/PI3K/PDK1/AKT2/GLUT4/PTEN in diabetic and non-diabetic participants and serum vitamin D was measured by HPLC. Findings provide evidence that IRS1 expression was preserved while PI3K /AKT2/GLUT4 were expressed significantly lower and PDK1 was expressed significantly higher in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Albeit there was no significant difference in PTEN expression between groups, it was up-regulated by the years of having diabetes. No significant correlation between serum vitamin D and gene expression of GOIs was observed in either group.Conclusion Since PTEN has been identified as a negative regulator of insulin signaling, it has generated great interest in new therapeutic approaches. This study reveals that insulin resistance is not caused through an alteration in PTEN expression as a primary defect but may be caused by decreased PI3K/AKT2/GLUT4 signalling and dysregulation of feedback loops. Particularly, PTEN expression showed a significant relation with duration of diabetes, suggesting that PTEN may not be the cause of the reduced expression of PI3K/AKT pathway in diabetics while it can be the effect of that. Therefore, the future investigations should be focused on regulators of pathway instead of PTEN. No significant correlation between serum vitamin D and gene expression of GOIs could be due to the non-linearity relationships as insulin signaling is a cascade with amplifying properties.
Modulation of RAS and PI3-AKT pathway by Stavudine (d4T) in PBMC of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Authors: Rosa Francesca La , Zoia Chiara Paola , Bazzini Chiara , Bolognini Alessandra , Marina Saresella , Conti Elisa , Ferrarese Carlo , Piancone Federica , Marventano Ivana , Fenoglio Chiara , Galimberti Daniela , Scarpini Elio , Clerici Mario
Published: May 2020

Background

Aβ42-deposition plays a pivotal role in AD-pathogenesis by inducing the activation of microglial cells and neuroinflammation. This process is antagonized by microglia-mediated clearance of Aβ plaques. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in neuroinflammation and in the impairments of Aβ-plaques clearance. Stavudine (d4T) on the other hand down-regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulates autophagy-mediated Aβ-clearing in a TPH-1 cell line model.
Methods

We explored the effect of d4T on Aβ- autophagy using PBMC of AD patients that were primed with LPS and stimulated with Aβ in the absence/presence of d4T. We analyzed the NLRP3 inflammasome activity by measuring NLRP3-ASC complexes formation by AMNIS Flow-sight and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18 and Caspase-1) production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analyses were used to measure phosphorylation and protein expression of p38, CREB, ERK and AKT, p70, LAMP 2A, beclin-1 and Bax.
Results

data showed that d4T: 1) down regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the production of down-stream proinflammatory cytokines even in PBMC; 2) stimulates the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, p70 as well as LAMP2A production, but does modulate beclin-1, suggesting a selective effect of this compound on chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA); 3) up regulates p-CREB and BAX, possibly diminishing Aβ–mediated cytotoxicity; and 4) reduces the phosphorylation of p-38, a protein involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
Conclusions

d4T reduces the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulates CMA autophagy as well as molecular mechanisms that modulate cytotoxicity and reduce inflammation in cells of AD patients. It might be interesting to verify the possibly beneficial effects of d4T in the clinical scenario.