bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Accumulation and Initial Growth Response in Lettuce Planted at Different Periods After Hairy Vetch Incorporation
Authors: Uchibayashi Hiroshi , Shinano Takuro , Hirata Toshiyuki
Published: November 2024

One-month-old lettuce seedlings were planted in the field with and without prior hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) incorporation (HV and Fallow, respectively). The periods between hairy vetch incorporation and lettuce planting were 1 day, 8 days and 15 days. The inorganic nitrogen concentration in the soil was higher after hairy vetch incorporation, as well as the nitrogen concentration in the lettuce leaves from the HV plot compared to the Fallow plot, at any planting period. When lettuce seedlings were planted 8 days after hairy vetch incorporation, the leaf dry weight in the HV plots was 11% lower than that in the Fallow plots 4 days after planting; however, leaf growth recovered and the dry weight was 24% higher 12 days after planting, which could be due to enhanced leaf growth as the result of additional accumulated nitrogen provided by the hairy vetch. In the incubation experiment, it was suggested that the inhibitory effect of hairy vetch decomposition was not due to allelopathic substances. Therefore, in the hairy-vetch-incorporated field, growth suppression in the lettuce plants occurred early and continued for a short period after hairy vetch incorporation, but the damage due to the growth suppression effect was minor. More importantly, nitrogen supplied from the hairy vetch promoted lettuce growth after the inhibition period.
Privacy-Preserving ConvMixer Without Any Accuracy Degradation Using Compressible Encrypted Images
Authors: Lin Haiwei , Imaizumi Shoko , Kiya Hitoshi
Published: November 2024

We propose an enhanced privacy-preserving method for image classification using ConvMixer, which is an extremely simple model that is similar in spirit to the Vision Transformer (ViT). Most privacy-preserving methods using encrypted images cause the performance of models to degrade due to the influence of encryption, but a state-of-the-art method was demonstrated to have the same classification accuracy as that of models without any encryption under the use of ViT. However, the method, in which a common secret key is assigned to each patch, is not robust enough against ciphertext-only attacks (COAs) including jigsaw puzzle solver attacks if compressible encrypted images are used. In addition, ConvMixer is less robust than ViT because there is no position embedding. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel block-wise encryption method that allows us to assign an independent key to each patch to enhance robustness against attacks. In experiments, the effectiveness of the method is verified in terms of image classification accuracy and robustness, and it is compared with conventional privacy-preserving methods using image encryption.
Optimization of Business Processes Through BPM Methodology: A Case Study on Data Analysis and Performance Improvement
Authors: Teixeira António Ricardo , Ferreira José Vasconcelos , Ramos Ana Luísa
Published: November 2024

This study explores the application of the BPM lifecycle to optimize the market analysis process within the market intelligence department of a major energy company. The semi-structured, virtual nature of the process necessitated careful adaptation of BPM methodology, starting with process discovery through data collection, modeling, and validation. Qualitative analysis, including value-added and root-cause analysis, revealed inefficiencies. The redesign strategy focused on selective automation using Python 3.10 scripts and Power BI dashboards, incorporating techniques such as linear programming and forecasting to improve process efficiency and quality while maintaining flexibility. Post-implementation, monitoring through a questionnaire showed positive results, though ongoing interviews were recommended for sustained performance evaluation. This study highlights the value of BPM methodology in enhancing decision-critical processes and offers a model for adaptable, value-driven process improvements in complex organizational environments.
AI for Decision Support: Balancing Accuracy, Transparency, and Trust Across Sectors
Authors: Kovari Attila
Published: November 2024

This study seeks to understand the key success factors that underpin efficiency, transparency, and user trust in automated decision support systems (DSS) that leverage AI technologies across industries. The aim of this study is to facilitate more accurate decision-making with such AI-based DSS, as well as build trust through the need for visibility and explainability by increasing user acceptance. This study primarily examines the nature of AI-based DSS adoption and the challenges of maintaining system transparency and improving accuracy. The results provide practical guidance for professionals and decision-makers to develop AI-driven decision support systems that are not only effective but also trusted by users. The results are also important to gain insight into how artificial intelligence fits into and combines with decision-making, which can be derived from research when thinking about embedding systems in ethical standards.
Collaborative Intelligence for Safety-Critical Industries: A Literature Review
Authors: Ramos Inês F. , Gianini Gabriele , Leva Maria Chiara , Damiani Ernesto
Published: November 2024

While AI-driven automation can increase the performance and safety of systems, humans should not be replaced in safety-critical systems but should be integrated to collaborate and mitigate each other’s limitations. The current trend in Industry 5.0 is towards human-centric collaborative paradigms, with an emphasis on collaborative intelligence (CI) or Hybrid Intelligent Systems. In this survey, we search and review recent work that employs AI methods for collaborative intelligence applications, specifically those that focus on safety and safety-critical industries. We aim to contribute to the research landscape and industry by compiling and analyzing a range of scenarios where AI can be used to achieve more efficient human–machine interactions, improved collaboration, coordination, and safety. We define a domain-focused taxonomy to categorize the diverse CI solutions, based on the type of collaborative interaction between intelligent systems and humans, the AI paradigm used and the domain of the AI problem, while highlighting safety issues. We investigate 91 articles on CI research published between 2014 and 2023, providing insights into the trends, gaps, and techniques used, to guide recommendations for future research opportunities in the fast developing collaborative intelligence field.
An Overview of the Thrips Fauna of the “Góra Bucze” Landscape-Nature Complex in Western Carpathians (Poland)
Authors: Olczyk Marta , Kucharczyk Halina , Pobożniak Maria
Published: November 2024

Although thrips are commonly viewed primarily as agricultural pests [...]
Potential of an Attractive High-Rate Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Pheromone Dispenser for Mating Disruption or for Monitoring
Authors: Burks Charles S. , Higbee Bradley S.
Published: November 2024

Mating disruption is used to manage Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Current mating disruption uses a single compound, but at least one other is necessary for source contact in laboratory assays and efficient capture in traps in the field. We conducted experiments to examine disruption of sexual communication and attraction of males to these high-rate dispensers with either one or both compounds. Trap suppression experiments compared males captured in pheromone traps in orchard blocks treated at a low, medium, or high number of dispensers per ha, and a trapping study used the dispensers as attractants in sticky traps to compare their relative attractiveness. The 2-compound dispensers suppressed male capture in pheromone traps more effectively than the 1-compound dispensers at the intermediate density. The trapping study found that both dispensers captured fewer males than a monitoring lure in the absence of mating disruption but more males in the presence of mating disruption. These data provide additional support for a hybrid mechanism of mating disruption for this species and indicate that the use of the more attractive 2-compound dispensers could make mating disruption more effective at the lowest dispenser density currently used. Alternatively, a lure base on the 2-compound dispenser could provide equally effective monitoring in the presence of mating disruption.
Quantifying the Strain: A Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Perspective on Musculoskeletal Disorders in the United States Over Three Decades: 1990–2019
Authors: Al-Ajlouni Yazan A. , Al Ta’ani Omar , Zweig Sophia , Gabr Ahmed , El-Qawasmi Yara , Nwatu Ugwu Godstime , Al Ta’ani Zaid , Islam Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Background: Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders significantly contribute to global disability, especially in high-income countries. Yet, comprehensive studies on their epidemiological burden in the United States (US) are limited. Our study aims to fill this gap by characterizing the MSK disease burden in the US using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We conducted an ecological study using descriptive statistical analyses to examine age-standardized prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates of MSK disorders across different demographics and states. The study also assessed the impact of risk factors segmented by age and sex. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the burden of MSK disorders in the US increased significantly. Low back pain was the most prevalent condition. Age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates increased by 6.7% and 17.6%, respectively. Gout and other MSK disorders saw the most significant rise in DALY rates. Females experienced higher rates than males, and there were notable geographic disparities, with the District of Columbia having the lowest and North Dakota and Iowa the highest DALY rates. Smoking, high BMI, and occupational risks emerged as primary risk factors. Conclusions: Our study highlights the escalating burden of MSK disorders in the US, revealing significant geographic and sex disparities. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted health interventions, policy formulation, and public health initiatives focusing on lifestyle and workplace modifications. Region- and sex-specific strategies are crucial in effectively managing MSK conditions, considering the influence of various risk factors.
Are Exercise-Induced Premature Ventricular Contractions Associated with Significant Coronary Artery Disease?
Authors: Bun Sok-Sithikun , Massimelli Clementine , Scarlatti Didier , Squara Fabien , Ferrari Emile
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Exercise-induced premature ventricular contractions (EIPVC) have been associated with higher mortality, but the association with coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been precisely established. Our objective was to assess in a group of subjects with EIPVC and cardiovascular risk factors the association with underlying significant coronary artery disease (CAD), in comparison with a control group of patients with cardiovascular risk factors and exercise test (ET) showing ischaemia. Methods: All the patients (above 35 years old) referred for ET at our institution were prospectively included. Patients with at least one cardiovascular risk factor and without known CAD were divided into 2 groups: group A if EIPVC were present (either during exercise or during recovery), at least more than 10% over 30 s of recording; group B if ET was showing ischaemia. The presence of CAD was then confirmed in both groups by coronary arteriography, and/or thallium scintigraphy, and/or cardiac MRI and/or coronary CT angiography performed within 2 months after ET realization. Results: From November 2020 to December 2022, 4098 ETs were performed. After exclusion (normal ETs = 2194; known CAD = 1109; age < 35 years old = 487; congenital heart disease = 59; mitral valve prolapse = 4), 46 patients with EIPVC were finally identified (male 65%, mean age 61.5 ± 11 years), and 71 in group B. CAD was confirmed using additional tests in 5/46 (11%) patients in group A versus 38/71 (54%) in group B (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Amongst patients without known CAD, the presence of EIPVC was less frequently associated with an underlying CAD, compared to the presence of exercise-induced “electrical” ischaemia.
Prevalence and Correlates of Anti-DSG2 Antibodies in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis: Immunological Insights from a Multicenter Study
Authors: Giordani Andrea Silvio , Pontara Elena , Vicenzetto Cristina , Baritussio Anna , Peloso Cattini Maria Grazia , Bison Elisa , Re Federica , Marcolongo Renzo , Joseph Shaylyn , Chatterjee Diptendu , Fatah Meena , Hamilton Robert M. , Caforio Alida Linda Patrizia
Published: November 2024

Background: Autoantibodies against Desmoglein-2 desmosomal protein (anti-DSG2-ab) were identified in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA); anti-intercalated disk autoantibodies (AIDAs) were identified in myocarditis and (ARVC) by indirect immunofluorescence (IFL). We aim to assess: (1) anti-DSG2-ab specificity in ARVC and myocarditis, (2) accuracy of anti-DSG2-ab detection by ELISA versus AIDA by IFL, and (3) clinical correlates of anti-DSG2-ab in ARVC. Methods: We included 77 patients with ARVC, 91 with myocarditis/dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 27 with systemic immune-mediated diseases, and 50 controls. Anti-heart antibodies (AHAs) and AIDAs were assessed by IFL, and anti-DSG2-ab by ELISA (assessed both by optical density, OD, and U/L). Receiving operator curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess ELISA diagnostic accuracy. Results: A relevant proportion (56%) of ARVC patients was anti-DSG2-ab-positive, with higher anti-DSG2-ab levels than controls. Anti-DSG2-ab titer was not different between ARVC and myocarditis/DCM patients (48% anti-DSG-ab positive). Frequency of anti-DSG2 positivity by ELISA was higher in AIDA-positive cases by IFL than AIDA-negative cases (p = 0.039 for OD, p = 0.023 for U/L). In ARVC, AIDA-positive patients were more likely to be AHA-positive (p < 0.001), had pre-syncope (p = 0.025), and abnormalities in cardiac rhythm (p = 0.03) than ARVC AIDA-negative patients, while anti-DSG2-ab positivity did not have clinical correlates. Conclusions: Anti-DG2-ab detection in ARVC and myocarditis/DCM reflects immune-mediated pathogenesis to desmosomal proteins. Higher frequency of anti-DSG2-ab positivity by ELISA by U/L was higher in AIDA-positive cases by IFL than AIDA-negative cases, in keeping with the hypothesis that DSG2 is one of AIDA autoantigens. In ARVC, AIDA status but not anti-DSG2-ab showed distinct clinical correlates, possibly reflecting a wider AIDA autoantigenic spectrum.
Retinal Thickness Change Following Cataract Surgery in Eyes with Epiretinal Membranes
Authors: Wienerroither Barbara , Mylonas Georgios , Bernhart Clemens , Prager Franz , Kahraman Guenal , Amon Michael
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To investigate intraretinal changes and central millimeter thickness (CMMT) after successful uncomplicated cataract surgery in patients with asymptomatic epiretinal membrane (ERM). Design: prospective, single-center, interventional case series. Methods: Thirty eyes from 26 patients with cataract and ERM (ERM group) and fifteen consecutive eyes with senile cataract with a healthy macula (control group) were included. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as biomicroscopy were performed at baseline, one week, one month and three months after cataract surgery. OCT raster scans were further analyzed regarding CMMT and structural changes in the retinal morphology. Results: The baseline mean visual acuity improved significantly three months after cataract surgery in both groups (p < 0.05). CMMT in the ERM group was 342 (±53 μm) at baseline and increased significantly to 356 (±57) μm after three months (p < 0.05). One patient in the ERM group developed temporary cystoid macular edema one week after cataract surgery that resolved under topical treatment within three months. CMMT in the control group increased significantly three months after cataract surgery as well but no structural changes in the retinal morphology were observed in this group. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that cataract surgery in eyes with asymptomatic pre-existing ERM can be considered as safe and effective, resulting in good visual acuity outcomes. However, an increase in CMMT and temporary mild changes in retinal morphology may occur.
Comparative Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy vs. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Phase Angle and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Navarro-Marroco Julia , Hernández-Sánchez Pilar , Victoria-Montesinos Desirée , Barcina-Pérez Pablo , Lucas-Abellán Carmen , García-Muñoz Ana María
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the impact of bariatric surgery on phase angle (PhA) and other bioimpedance measures among adults with obesity, comparing the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines, including studies up to May 2024 from MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Eligible studies assessed PhA changes pre- and post-bariatric surgery in adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Data on PhA, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), body cell mass (BCM), weight, and BMI were extracted and analyzed. Results: Thirteen studies with a total of 1124 patients were included. Significant PhA reductions were observed at 6 months post-surgery (effect size: −1.00; 95% CI: −1.11 to −0.89; p < 0.001), with a more substantial reduction in RYGB patients compared to SG. FM and FFM decreased significantly at 12 months (FM: −27.58; 95% CI: −32.58 to −22.57; p < 0.001; FFM: −10.51; 95% CI: −12.81 to −8.94; p < 0.001). Weight and BMI showed marked reductions at 6 months (Weight: −31.42 kg; 95% CI: −37.28 to −25.26; p < 0.001; BMI: −11.39; 95% CI: −12.60 to −10.18; p < 0.001), with sustained decreases at 12 and 24 months. Conclusions: Bariatric surgery significantly reduces PhA, FM, FFM, weight, and BMI, with initial greater impacts observed in RYGB compared to SG. PhA shows potential as a marker for monitoring post-surgical recovery and nutritional status. Further long-term studies and standardized measurement protocols are recommended to optimize patient management.
Comprehensive Management of Cholesteatoma in Otitis Media: Diagnostic Challenges, Imaging Advances, and Surgical Outcome
Authors: Popescu Cristina , Văruț Renata Maria , Puticiu Monica , Belghiru Vlad Ionut , Banicioiu Mihai , Rotaru Luciana Teodora , Popescu Mihaela , Cosmin Arsenie Cristian , Popescu Alin Iulian Silviu
Published: November 2024

Background: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of cholesteatoma of the middle ear, focusing on its clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and treatment outcomes. Cholesteatomas are defined by the keratinized squamous epithelium within the middle ear, leading to significant bone erosion, often affecting the ossicular chain and surrounding structures. Methods: The study explores various mechanisms involved in cholesteatoma progression, including enzymatic lysis, inflammatory responses, and neurotrophic disturbances. The study conducted a retrospective clinical and statistical review of 580 patients over a 20-year period (2003–2023), highlighting the role of advanced imaging, including computed tomography (CT) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI), in preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up. Results: Findings revealed that early detection and intervention are crucial in preventing severe complications such as intracranial infection and hearing loss. Surgical treatment primarily involved tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy, with a recurrence rate of 1.55% within two years. The study underscores the importance of integrating imaging advancements into clinical decision-making to enhance patient outcomes and suggests further investigation into molecular mechanisms underlying cholesteatoma progression and recurrence. Histopathological and microbiological analysis was performed to identify pathological patterns and microbial agents. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and intervention to prevent complications such as intracranial infections and permanent hearing loss, while also emphasizing the role of advanced imaging techniques in the management and long-term monitoring of cholesteatoma patients.
Identification of Predictors of Sarcopenia in Older Adults Using Machine Learning: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Pavón-Pulido Nieves , Dominguez Ligia , Blasco-García Jesús Damián , Veronese Nicola , Lucas-Ochoa Ana-María , Fernández-Villalba Emiliano , González-Cuello Ana-María , Barbagallo Mario , Herrero Maria-Trinidad
Published: November 2024

Background: After its introduction in the ICD-10-CM in 2016, sarcopenia is a condition widely considered to be a medical disease with important consequences for the elderly. Considering its high prevalence in older adults and its detrimental effects on health, it is essential to identify its risk factors to inform targeted interventions. Methods: Taking data from wave 2 of the ELSA, using ML-based methods, this study investigates which factors are significantly associated with sarcopenia. The Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance algorithm has been used to allow for an optimal set of features that could predict the dependent variable. Such a feature is the input of a ML-based prediction model, trained and validated to predict the risk of developing or not developing a disease. Results: The presented methods are suitable to identify the risk of acquired sarcopenia. Age and other relevant features related with dementia and musculoskeletal conditions agree with previous knowledge about sarcopenia. The present classifier has an excellent performance since the “true positive rate” is 0.81 and the low “false positive rate” is 0.26. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly people, with age and the presence of dementia and musculoskeletal conditions being strong predictors. The new proposed approach paves the path to test the prediction of the incidence of sarcopenia in older adults.
The Evolving Role of Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bryant John Michael , Nakashima Justyn , Khatri Vaseem M. , Sinnamon Andrew J. , Denbo Jason W. , Hodul Pamela , Malafa Mokenge , Hoffe Sarah , Frakes Jessica M.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers. Surgical resection is the most reliable chance for cure, but high rates of positive margins and local failure persist. Neoadjuvant therapies (NAT), including chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT), are being explored to improve surgical outcomes, particularly in borderline resectable (BRPC) and locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). This review aims to summarize the current landscape and future directions for neoadjuvant RT (NART) in PDAC. Methods: The review includes a detailed analysis of past and ongoing clinical trials investigating various NART approaches in PDAC, with an emphasis on different RT techniques, fractionation schemes, and their integration into multimodal treatment strategies. Results: Early evidence suggests that NART can improve resection margins and local control. However, recent trials, including the Alliance A021501 and LAP-07 trials, have failed to demonstrate significant survival benefits with the addition of RT to NAT. Nevertheless, nuances in trial design and execution continue to keep the question of NART open. Newer approaches, such as stereotactic magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiation therapy (SMART), show promise in improving local control and survival, but further phase 3 trials are needed. Conclusions: While NART has shown potential in improving local control in PDAC, its impact on overall survival remains unclear. Ongoing trials, particularly those utilizing advanced techniques like SMART, are critical in defining the role of RT in the neoadjuvant setting for PDAC. Collaboration across multidisciplinary teams is essential to optimize treatment strategies and trial outcomes.
Do Antibacterial Skin Sutures Reduce Surgical Site Infections After Elective Open Abdominal Surgery?—A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Single-Center Trial
Authors: Matz Daniel , Engelhardt Saskia , Wiencierz Andrea , Soysal Savas Deniz , Misteli Heidi , Kirchhoff Philipp , Heizmann Oleg
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The general use of triclosan-coated suture material (TCSM) for wound closure to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) remains controversial. There is no conclusive evidence in the literature to support this and recommendations by professional organizations are contradictory. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to evaluate the 30-day rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) after elective open abdominal surgery using triclosan-coated versus uncoated running sutures (NCSM) for skin closure. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study enrolled patients scheduled for open elective abdominal surgery, intraoperatively assigned to either the use of triclosan-coated or non-coated sutures for skin closure. The follow up was 30 days after surgery to detect SSIs. Secondary endpoints were wound dehiscence and reoperation rate due to wound dehiscence within 30 days, all-cause 30-day mortality and length of hospital stay. Potential risk factors for poor wound healing were evaluated in multivariate analysis. Data were analyzed in an intention to treat analysis. Results: In total, 364 patients (171 males [47%]) were randomized, 182 in either group. Six underwent urgent reoperation prior to first visit and were excluded from analysis. In the full analysis set (FAS), 358 were analyzed. SSI within 30 days occurred in 22 [12.2%] patients in the control group compared to 32 [18%] in the study group. The risk difference was not statistically significant (5.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.6–13.2%; p = 0.128). The wound dehiscence rate within 30 days was 14 of 179 [7.8%] in the NCSM group vs. 19 of 178 [10.7%] in the TCSM group. The difference in re-operation rates due to wound dehiscence was 0 of 179 [2.8%] vs. 5 of 178 [2.8%] in either group and not statistically significant (p = 0.0706). Among all patients recruited, 8 died within 30 days after surgery. Three of them died before the first assessment of the primary endpoint on day 3 and were therefore excluded from the FAS. The 30-day mortality rate was 2 of 180 [1.1%] in the NCSM group vs. 3 of 178 [1.7%] in the TCSM group. The majority of SSIs occurred in the superficial layer of the wound in both study groups (8.9% vs. 9.6%). The median [inter quartile range (IQR)] length of hospital stay was 13 [9.0, 19.2] days in the NCSM group vs. 11 [9.0, 16.8] days in the TCSM group There was a tendency towards shorter hospitalization in the study group (0.72 days [6%]). Conclusions: Our prospective randomized controlled trial could not confirm the superiority of TCSM for skin closure after elective open abdominal surgery in terms of SSI rates in a 30-day follow up period. Therefore, based on our results, a general recommendation for its use in all surgical fields cannot be justified.
Use of Intravascular Micro-Axial Left Ventricular Assist Devices as a Bridging Strategy for Cardiogenic Shock: Mid-Term Outcomes
Authors: Mahesh Balakrishnan , Peddaayyavarla Prasanth , Nguyen Kenny , Mahesh Aditya , Hartford Corrine Corrina , Devich Robert , Dafflisio Gianna , Nair Nandini , Freundt Miriam , Dowling Robert , Soleimani Behzad
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Patients in cardiogenic shock (CS) may be successfully bridged using intravascular micro-axial left ventricular assist devices (M-LVADs) for recovery or determination of definitive therapy. Methods: One hundred and seven CS patients implanted with M-LVADs from January 2020 to May 2024 were divided into four groups; group-1: 34 patients (transplant); group-2: 25 patients (LVAD); group-3: 42 patients (postcardiotomy CS (PCCS)); group-4: 6 patients (decision/recovery but excluded from analysis). Multivariable logistic regression and Multivariable Coxregression models identified predictors of early -hospital and late mortality, and Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with p < 0.05, respectively, were considered statistically significant. SPSS 29.0 and Python 3.11.1. were used for analyses. Results: Complications included device-malfunction (6%), gastrointestinal bleed (9%), long-term hemodialysis (21%), axillary hematoma requiring re-exploration (10%), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (4%) requiring heparin therapy cessation/initiation of argatroban infusion, and non-fatal stroke (11%). Early hospital mortality included 13 patients: 2 in group-1, 1 in group-2, 10 in group-3 (p = 0.02). In the Logistic-Regression model, category of CS requiring an M-LVAD was significant (OR = 4.7, p = 0.05). Patients were followed for 4.5 years (mean follow-up was 23 ± 17 months), and 23 deaths occurred; group-1: 3 patients, group-2: 5 patients, and group-3: 15 patients (p = 0.019). At 4.5 years, actuarial survival was 90.7 ± 5.1% in group-1, 79.2 ± 8.3% in group-2, 62.8 ± 7.7% in group-3 (p = 0.01). In the Cox-Regression model, M-LVAD category (HR = 3.63, p = 0.04), and long-term postoperative dialysis (HR = 3.9, p = 0.002) emerged as predictors of long-term mortality. Conclusions: In cardiogenic shock, mid-term outcomes demonstrate good survival with M-LVADs as bridge to transplant/durable LVADs and reasonable survival with M-LVADs as a bridge to recovery following cardiotomy, accompanied by reduced ECMO usage, and early ambulation/rehabilitation.
Propolis in Dental Implantology: A Systematic Review of Its Effects and Benefits
Authors: Sycińska-Dziarnowska Magdalena , Szyszka-Sommerfeld Liliana , Ziąbka Magdalena , Woźniak Krzysztof , Spagnuolo Gianrico
Published: November 2024

Dental implants are widely recognized for their effectiveness in restoring missing teeth, yet their success is often compromised by infections or inadequate osseointegration. Propolis, a natural resinous substance with potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic properties, has emerged as a promising adjunct in dental implantology. This systematic review critically evaluates the current evidence on the incorporation of propolis into dental implants, focusing on its impact on antimicrobial efficacy, bone healing, and overall implant stability. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42024577122. The PRISMA diagram visually represented the search strategy, screening, and inclusion process. Two reviewers conducted a comprehensive literature search across five databases: PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. The review synthesized findings from 13 studies; in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, highlighting that propolis significantly enhances antibacterial and antifungal activities against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Streptococcus mutans, thereby reducing the risk of peri-implant infections. Additionally, propolis promotes osseointegration by stimulating osteoblast activity and reducing inflammatory cytokine expression, leading to improved bone formation and implant stability. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of propolis further contribute to a favorable healing environment, enhancing the long-term success of dental implants. The systematic review underscores the potential of propolis as a safe, biocompatible, and effective material for improving dental implant outcomes. However, it also identifies the need for more extensive clinical trials to fully establish standardized protocols for propolis application in implantology. This review provides an overview of propolis’s potential role in dental implants and suggests promising avenues for future research to optimize its benefits in clinical practice.
In Vitro Microscopical and Microbiological Assessment of the Sealing Ability of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers
Authors: Huth Karin Christine , Wuersching Sabina Noreen , Benz Leander , Kist Stefan , Kollmuss Maximilian
Published: November 2024

This in vitro study evaluated the sealing ability and microleakage of calcium silicate-based sealers compared to an epoxy resin-based sealer. One hundred twenty-five roots from anterior teeth were chemo-mechanically prepared and divided into four groups: AH Plus (AH), ProRoot MTA (PR), Medcem MTA (MC), and Total Fill BC Sealer/BC-coated gutta-percha (TF); n = 30. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to measure sealer penetration at three horizontal levels in 10 roots per group, while glucose leakage over 30 days was assessed in 20 roots. A lateral compaction technique was used for most groups, except for TF, which employed a single-cone method. Data were analyzed using Python with a Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s post hoc test. TF showed significantly greater penetration in the coronal and middle sections, while PR had the least penetration in the apical section. PR exhibited the highest canal circumference penetration, especially compared to MC and TF. Glucose leakage increased over time in all groups, with TF showing the highest permeability after 30 days. Overall, calcium silicate-based sealers PR, MC, and TF performed similarly to the epoxy resin standard AH, with all groups exhibiting decreasing penetration from coronal to apical and increased leakage over time.
Iris Recognition System Using Advanced Segmentation Techniques and Fuzzy Clustering Methods for Robotic Control
Authors: Ben Chaabane Slim , Harrabi Rafika , Seddik Hassene
Published: November 2024

The idea of developing a robot controlled by iris movement to assist physically disabled individuals is, indeed, innovative and has the potential to significantly improve their quality of life. This technology can empower individuals with limited mobility and enhance their ability to interact with their environment. Disability of movement has a huge impact on the lives of physically disabled people. Therefore, there is need to develop a robot that can be controlled using iris movement. The main idea of this work revolves around iris recognition from an eye image, specifically identifying the centroid of the iris. The centroid’s position is then utilized to issue commands to control the robot. This innovative approach leverages iris movement as a means of communication and control, offering a potential breakthrough in assisting individuals with physical disabilities. The proposed method aims to improve the precision and effectiveness of iris recognition by incorporating advanced segmentation techniques and fuzzy clustering methods. Fast gradient filters using a fuzzy inference system (FIS) are employed to separate the iris from its surroundings. Then, the bald eagle search (BES) algorithm is employed to locate and isolate the iris region. Subsequently, the fuzzy KNN algorithm is applied for the matching process. This combined methodology aims to improve the overall performance of iris recognition systems by leveraging advanced segmentation, search, and classification techniques. The results of the proposed model are validated using the true success rate (TSR) and compared to those of other existing models. These results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method for the 400 tested images representing 40 people.
TLR2/TLR5 Signaling and Gut Microbiota Mediate Soybean-Meal-Induced Enteritis and Declined Growth and Antioxidant Capabilities in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Zheng Lei , Zeng Chao , Zhu Wanqin , Zhang Jiaonan , Wang Lei , Shao Jianchun , Zhao Wei
Published: November 2024

Soybean meal, renowned for its high yield, cost efficiency, and protein richness, serves as a pivotal plant-based alternative to fish meal. However, high soybean meal inclusion in Larimichthys crocea diets is linked to enteritis and oxidative damage, with unknown mechanisms. Our study aims to elucidate the molecular basis of soybean-meal-induced enteritis and its impact on intestinal microbiota in L. crocea. To this end, four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with varying soybean meal levels (0% FM, 15% SBM15, 30% SBM30, and 45% SBM45) were administered to L. crocea for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the SBM30 and SBM45 treatments significantly hindered fish growth, digestive efficiency, and protein utilization. Furthermore, high soybean meal levels (SBM30 and SBM45) activated intestinal Toll-like receptors (TLR2A, TLR2B, TLR5, and TLR22), stimulating C-Rel and mTOR protein expression and elevating ERK phosphorylation. This led to increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B, and TGF-β), suggesting a potential signaling pathway for soybean-meal-induced enteritis. Furthermore, enteritis induced by high soybean meal levels led to oxidative damage, evident from increased MDA levels and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT). The SBM30 and SBM45 treatments increased Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes abundance in fish gut microbiota, while Proteobacteria abundance decreased. This microbiota shift may enhance soybean meal nutrient utilization, yet high soybean meal concentrations still impair growth. A soybean-meal-rich diet promotes harmful bacteria like Rhodococcus and depletes probiotics like Ralstonia, increasing disease risks. L. crocea has limited tolerance for soybean meal, necessitating advanced processing to mitigate anti-nutritional factors. Ultimately, exploring alternative protein sources beyond soybean meal for fish meal replacement is optimal for L. crocea.
A Control Method for Path Following of AUVs Considering Multiple Factors Under Ocean Currents
Authors: Meng Fangui , Liu Aimin , Hu Yan , Ren Da , Liu Yao , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2024

To improve the path-following performance of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) under ocean currents, a control method based on line-of-sight with fuzzy controller (FLOS) guidance and the fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) is proposed. This method considers multiple factors affecting guidance and adaptively determines the optimal heading angle through the fuzzy controller to enhance guidance capability. Additionally, a novel FSMC based on Lyapunov stability theory is designed to suppress the influence of model uncertainty and external disturbances on the control system. Simulations and experiments of the proposed control method demonstrate that it can maintain precise tracking under disturbances, improving path-following performance metrics by more than 15%.
A New Method of Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Ship Dual-Fuel Engine Based on Instantaneous Rotational Speed
Authors: Gan Ji , Jin Huabiao , Shang Qianming , Sheng Chenxing
Published: November 2024

Ship engine misfire faults not only pose a serious threat to the safe operation of ships but may also cause major safety accidents or even lead to ship paralysis, which brings huge economic losses. Most traditional fault diagnosis methods rely on manual experience, with limited feature extraction capability, low diagnostic accuracy, and poor adaptability, which make it difficult to meet the demand for high-precision diagnosis. To this end, a fusion intelligent diagnostic model—ResNet–BiLSTM—is proposed based on a residual neural network (ResNet) and a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM). Firstly, a multi-scale decomposition of the instantaneous rotational speed signal of a ship’s engine is carried out by using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), and features containing misfire fault information are extracted. Subsequently, the extracted features are fed into the ResNet–BiLSTM model for learning. Finally, the intelligent diagnosis of ship dual-fuel engine misfire faults is realized by the classifier. The model combines the advantages of ResNet18 in image feature extraction and the capability of BiLSTM in temporal information processing, which can efficiently capture the time-frequency features and dynamic changes in the fault signal. Through comparison experiments with fusion models AlexNet–BiLSTM, VGG–BiLSTM, and the existing AlexNet–LSTM and VGG–LSTM models, the results show that the ResNet–BiLSTM model outperforms the other models in terms of diagnostic accuracy, robustness, and generalization ability. This model provides an effective new method for intelligent diagnosis of ship dual-fuel engine misfire faults to solve the traditional diagnostic methods’ limitations.
Natural and Engineered Ocean Inflow Projects to Improve Water Quality Through Increased Exchange
Authors: Komita Benjamin , Weaver Robert , McClain Nicole , Fox Austin
Published: November 2024

Globally, the health of coastal water bodies continues to be threatened by climate change and mounting anthropogenic pressures related to population increase and associated development. Land use changes have increased the direct runoff of freshwater, nutrients, and other contaminants from watersheds into coastal systems. Exacerbated by increased temperatures, these changes have contributed to a worldwide decline in seagrass coverage and losses of critical habitat and ecosystem functions. For restricted estuaries and lagoons, the influx of nutrients is particularly damaging due to high water residence times and impaired flushing. The result is eutrophication and associated declines in water quality and ecosystem function. To mitigate degraded water quality, engineered ocean–estuary exchanges have been carried out and studied with examples in Australia, New Zealand, India, Denmark, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the United States of America. Based on successes including decreased nutrient concentrations, turbidity, and chlorophyll and increased faunal abundance in some past studies, this option is considered as a management tool for combatting worsening water quality in other estuaries including the Indian River Lagoon, a subtropical, lagoon-type estuary on the central east coast of Florida, USA. Decreased residence times, lower nutrients, higher dissolved oxygen (DO), higher salinity, lower temperature, and lower turbidity all combine for improved ecosystem health. In this review, the successes and failures of past projects intended to increase ocean–estuary exchanges, including biological and geochemical processes that contributed to observed outcomes, are evaluated. The primary indicators of water quality considered in this review include nutrient contents (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) and dissolved oxygen levels. Secondary indicators include changes in temperature and salinity pre- and post- engineering as well as turbidity, which can also impact seagrass growth and overall ecosystem health. Each of the sites investigated recorded improvements in water quality, though some were more pronounced and occurred over shorter time scales. Overall, enhanced ocean exchange in restricted, impaired water bodies resulted in system-specific response trajectories, with many experiencing a net positive outcome with respect to water quality and ecosystem health.
Indication of Deep-Water Gravity Flow Types by Shelf-Edge Trajectory Migration Patterns: A Case Study of the Quaternary Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Ma Chang , Qu Hongjun , Liu Xian
Published: November 2024

The shelf-edge trajectory is comprehensively controlled by tectonics, sediment supply, sea level, and climate fluctuations; its migration and evolution have a strong influence on what happens in the deep-water depositional system during the Quaternary. The shelf-edge trajectory pattern, sediment-budget partitioning into deep-water areas, and reservoir evaluations are focused topics in international geosciences. In this paper, the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB) in the northern South China Sea is taken as an example to study how shelf-edge trajectory migration patterns can influence the types of deep-water gravity flow which are triggered there. Through quantitatively delineating the Quaternary shelf-edge trajectory in the QDNB, four types of shelf-edge trajectory are identified, including low angle slow rising type, medium angle rising type, high angle sharp rising type, and retrogradation-slump type. A new sequence stratigraphic framework based on the migration pattern of shelf-edge trajectory is established. There are four (third-order) sequences in the Quaternary, and several systems tracts named lowstand systems tract (LST), transgressive systems tract (TST), and highstand system tract (HST) are identified. This study indicates that the type of deep-water gravity flow can be dominated by the shelf-edge trajectory migration patterns. When the shelf-edge trajectory angle (α) ranged between 0° and 4°, the continental canyons were mostly small-scaled and shallowly incised, with multiple large-scale sandy submarine fan deposits with few MTDs found in the deep-water area. When the angle (α) ranged from 4° < α < 35°, the size and incision depth of the continental slope canyons increased, relating to frequently interbedded sandy submarine fan deposits and MTDs. When angle (α) ranged from 35° < α < 90°, only a few deeply-incised canyons were present in the continental slope; in this condition, large-scaled and long-distance MTDs frequently developed, with fewer submarine fans deposits. When angle (α) ranged from 90° < α < 150°, the valley in the slope area was virtually undeveloped, sediments in the deep-sea plain area consisted mainly of large mass transport deposits, and submarine fan development was minimal. Since the Quaternary, the temperature has been decreasing, the sea level has shown a downward trend, and the East Asian winter monsoon has significantly enhanced, resulting in an overall increase in sediment supply in the study area. However, due to the numerous rivers and rich provenance systems in the west of Hainan Island, a growing continental shelf-edge slope has developed. In the eastern part of Hainan Island, due to fewer rivers, weak provenance sources, strong tectonic activity, and the subsidence center, a type of destructive shelf-edge slope has developed. The above results have certain theoretical significance for the study of shelf-edge systems and the prediction of deep-water gravity flow deposition type.
When Brands Push Us Away: How Brand Rejection Enhances In-Group Brand Preference
Authors: Zhao Taiyang , Liang Ziwei , Du Yuqi , Huang Ershuai , Zou Yun
Published: November 2024

Every interaction between a brand and its consumers can shape their brand attitudes and purchase decisions. Brand rejection is the rejection or neglect that consumers experience when trying to connect with a brand, and it may have far-reaching effects on consumer psychology and behavior. Against this backdrop, consumer response to brand rejection has become a concern in interactive marketing. This study investigated how consumers cope with brand rejection by satisfying their need to reduce uncertainty based on the uncertainty–identity theory. This study examined the effect of brand rejection on consumers’ in-group brands (e.g., local brands) preference and the corresponding mediating mechanism and boundary condition through four experiments. The results demonstrated that consumers who experienced brand rejection were less likely to purchase products from that brand and showed a greater preference for other in-group brands than out-group brands (foreign brands). This relationship was mediated by consumers’ sense of control. Moreover, brand familiarity moderated the relationship between brand rejection and sense of control, affecting consumers’ in-group brand preference. These findings expand the research area of brand rejection and in-group brand preference and provide a practical reference for the development of local brands.