bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purging disorder: An ominous variant of bulimia nervosa?
Authors: Keel Pamela K. , Haedt Alissa , Edler Crystal
Published: October 2005

Objective

The current study evaluates the clinical significance and distinctiveness of purging disorder (PD), an eating disorder characterized by recurrent purging in the absence of objective binge episodes (OBE) among normal‐weight individuals.

Method

Women with PD (n = 37), bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 39), or no eating disorder (n = 35) completed clinical assessments. Women with PD (n = 23) and BN (n = 25) completed 6‐month follow‐up assessments.

Results

Compared with controls, both eating‐disordered groups reported significantly higher eating, Axis I, and Axis II pathology. Compared with BN, PD was associated with significantly lower eating concerns, disinhibition, and hunger. At 6‐month follow‐up, rates of remission did not differ significantly between PD and BN, and crossover between disorders was rare.

Conclusion

PD appears to be a clinically significant and potentially distinctive eating disorder. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethnicity and sampling bias in binge eating disorder: Black women who seek treatment have different characteristics than those who do not
Authors: Grilo Carlos M. , Lozano Christine , Masheb Robin M.
Published: October 2005

Objective

The current study investigated sampling bias as it affects recruited clinic samples of Black and White women with binge eating disorder (BED).

Methods

Clinical characteristics of a recruited clinic sample (35 Black and 302 White consecutively evaluated women) with BED were compared with a community sample of Black and White women with BED drawn from the New England Women's Health Project. The clinic and community groups met the same definition of BED and were assessed with identical methods.

Results

Among White women, the clinic and community samples differed on some features (higher body mass index [BMI], and greater eating concerns and shape concerns in the clinic sample) but these differences reflected small to moderate effects sizes. In contrast, among Black women, the clinic sample had substantially higher levels (large effect sizes) of several features of eating disorders (eating concerns, dietary restraint, and shape concern), higher (moderate effect size) BMI, but lower frequency of binge eating (moderate effect size) than the community sample. A comparison of Black and White women within the clinic sample revealed little difference in clinical presentation, except for the significantly higher BMI among Black women.

Conclusion

A sampling bias appears to exist between both White and Black recruited clinic samples of women with BED, although the bias appears to be substantially greater for Black women. Black women with BED who seek treatment have significantly different characteristics than those who do not. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Enzyme Immunoassays
Authors: Díaz‐González María , González‐García María Begoña , Costa‐García Agustín
Published: October 2005

Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) are currently the predominant analytical technique for the quantitative determination of a broad variety of analytes in clinical, medical, biotechnological, and environmental significance. Although the most common detection methods for EIAs are based on spectroscopic measurements, electrochemical techniques, due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, simplicity and low cost, have emerged as a very attractive alternative to carry out the detection step in this kind of assays. The intention of this review is to cover the progress and development in integrating electrochemical detection methods with EIAs, over the past five years.
Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Measurements of Trace Molybdenum at the Bismuth Film Electrode
Authors: Wang Joseph , Thongngamdee Sompong , Lu Donglai
Published: October 2005

Bismuth‐film electrodes on glassy‐carbon substrates have been successfully applied for adsorptive‐stripping voltammetric measurements of trace molybdenum in the presence of chloranilic acid (CAA). The procedure is based on the preconcentration of the molybdenum‐chloranilic acid complex at a preplated bismuth film electrode held at −0.55 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), followed by a negatively‐sweeping square‐wave voltammetric scan. Factors influencing the adsorptive stripping performance, including different ligands, solution pH, CAA concentration, preconcentration time and potential, have been optimized. The response compares favorably with that observed at mercury film electrodes, and is linear over the 5–50 μg/L Mo concentration range (one min preconcentration). A detection limit of 0.2 μg/L molybdenum is obtained following a 10 min accumulation. High stability is indicated from the reproducible response of a 100 μg/L molybdenum solution (n= 60; RSD=2.6%). Applicability to seawater samples is demonstrated.
Genome scans with gene‐covariate interaction
Authors: Peng Jie , Tang Hsiu‐Khuern , Siegmund David
Published: October 2005

Genetic models for gene‐covariate interactions are described. Methods of linkage analysis that utilize special features of these models and the corresponding score statistics are derived. Their power is compared with that of simple genome scans that ignore these special features, and substantial gains in power are observed when the gene‐covariate interaction is strong. Quantitative trait mapping in randomly ascertained sibships and affected sibpair mapping are discussed. For the latter case, a simpler statistic is proposed that has similar performance to the score statistic, but does not require the estimation of nuisance parameters. Since the nuisance parameters are not estimable solely from affected sib‐pair data, this statistic would be much easier to apply in practice. Similarities with linkage analysis of models for longitudinal data and multivariate phenotypes are also briefly discussed. Approximations for the P‐value and power are derived under the framework of local alternatives. Genet. Epidemiol. 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and growth of ultrasmall protein microcrystals by synchrotron radiation: I. µGISAXS and µdiffraction of P450scc
Authors: Nicolini Claudio , Pechkova Eugenia
Published: October 2005

Ultrasmall P450scc cytochrome microcrystals are grown by classical hanging vapor diffusion and by its modification using homologous protein thin‐film template displaying a long‐range order. The nucleation and growth mechanisms of P450scc microcrystals are studied at the thin cytochrome film surface by a new microbeam grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering (µGISAXS) technique developed at the microfocus beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France. P450scc cytochrome crystals of about 5 µm are also investigated by synchrotron radiation diffraction in order to attempt a preliminary analysis of the atomic structure of this unique protein system yet unsolved. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 544–552, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The RING finger protein RNF8 recruits UBC13 for lysine 63‐based self polyubiquitylation
Authors: Plans Vanessa , Scheper Johanna , Soler Marta , Loukili Noureddine , Okano Yukio , Thomson Timothy M.
Published: October 2005

The heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) UBC13‐UEV mediates polyubiquitylation through lysine 63 of ubiquitin (K63), rather than lysine 48 (K48). This modification does not target proteins for proteasome‐dependent degradation. Searching for potential regulators of this variant polyubiquitylation we have identified four proteins, namely RNF8, KIA00675, KF1, and ZNRF2, that interact with UBC13 through their RING finger domains. These domains can recruit, in addition to UBC13, other E2s that mediate canonical (K48) polyubiquitylation. None of these RING finger proteins were known previously to recruit UBC13. For one of these proteins, RNF8, we show its activity as a ubiquitin ligase that elongates chains through either K48 or K63 of ubiquitin, and its nuclear co‐localization with UBC13. Thus, our screening reveals new potential regulators of non‐canonical polyubiquitylation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular localization of human Rad51C and regulation of ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis of Rad51
Authors: Bennett Brian T. , Knight Kendall L.
Published: October 2005

Rad51‐catalyzed homologous recombination is an important pathway for repair of DNA double strand breaks and maintenance of genome integrity in vertebrate cells. Five proteins referred to as Rad51 paralogs promote Rad51 activity and are proposed to act at various, and in some cases, multiple stages in the recombination pathway. Imaging studies of native Rad51 have revealed its cellular response to DNA damage, yet visualization of the paralog proteins has met with limited success. In this study, we are able to detect endogenous Rad51C and Xrcc3 in human cells. In an effort to determine how Rad51, Rad51C, and Xrcc3 influence the pattern of localization of each other over the time course of DNA damage and repair, we have made the unexpected observation that Rad51 degradation via the ubiquitin‐mediated proteasome pathway occurs as a natural part of recombinational DNA repair. Additionally, we find that Rad51C plays an important role in regulating this process. This article contains supplementary material, which may be viewed at the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0730‐2312/suppmat/index.html. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulating leukotriene synthesis: The role of nuclear 5‐lipoxygenase
Authors: Brock Thomas G.
Published: October 2005

Leukotrienes are lipid messengers involved in autocrine and paracrine cellular signaling. They are synthesized from arachidonic acid by the 5‐lipoxygenase pathway. Current models of this enzymatic pathway recognize that a key step in initiating leukotriene synthesis is the calcium‐mediated movement of enzymes, including 5‐lipoxygenase, to intracellular membranes. However, 5‐lipoxygenase can be imported into or exported from the nucleus before calcium activation. As a result, its subcellular localization will affect its ability to be activated by calcium, as well as the membrane to which it binds and its interaction with other enzymes. This commentary focuses on the role of 5‐lipoxygenase compartmentation in determining its regulation and, ultimately, leukotriene synthesis. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Introduction of an initiator element in the mouse thymidylate synthase promoter alters S phase regulation but has no effect on promoter bidirectionality
Authors: Kapadia Fehmida , Johnson Lee F.
Published: October 2005

The promoter of the mouse thymidylate synthase (TS) gene lacks a TATAA box and an initiator element, is bidirectional and initiates transcription at multiple start sites across broad initiation windows upstream and downstream of the 30 nt essential promoter region. The TS promoter also plays an essential role in the post‐transcription regulation of TS gene expression during the G1–S phase transition. The goal of this study was to determine if the addition of a TATAA box or an initiator element would have a significant effect on start‐site pattern, promoter bidirectionality and S phase regulation of the TS gene. A TATAA box and/or an initiator element were inserted downstream of the TS essential promoter region, and the modified promoters were used to drive expression of indicator genes. The engineered genes were transfected into cultured mammalian cells, and the effects of the mutations were determined. Addition of the TATAA box and especially the initiator element had a significant effect on the transcription start site pattern, indicating that the elements were functional. Unexpectedly, addition of one or both of these elements had no effect on promoter bidirectionality. However, inclusion of the initiator element led to a significant reduction in S phase regulation of TS mRNA levels, indicating that changes in promoter architecture can perturb normal S phase regulation of TS gene expression. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell differentiation dependent expressed CCR6 mediates ERK‐1/2, SAPK/JNK, and Akt signaling resulting in proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Brand Stephan , Olszak Torsten , Beigel Florian , Diebold Joachim , Otte Jan‐Michel , Eichhorst Soeren T. , Göke Burkhard , Dambacher Julia
Published: October 2005

The expression of CCL20 (MIP‐3α), which chemoattracts leukocytes to sites of inflammation, has been shown in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Aim of this study was to analyze the role of the CCL20 receptor CCR6 in IEC and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Expression of CCR6 and CCL20 was analyzed by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. Signaling was investigated by Western blotting, proliferation by MTS assays and chemotactic cell migration by wounding assays. The effect of CCL20 on Fas‐induced apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. CCR6 and its ligand CCL20 are expressed in IEC. Moreover, CRC and CRC metastases express CCR6, which is upregulated during IEC differentiation. Stimulation of IEC with CCL20 and proinflammatory stimuli (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, LPS) significantly upregulates CCL20 mRNA expression. CCL20 expression was significantly increased in inflamed colonic lesions in Crohn's disease and correlated significantly with the IL‐8 mRNA expression in these lesions (r = 0.71) but was downregulated in CRC metastases. CCL20 activated Akt, ERK‐1/2, and SAPK/JNK MAP kinases and increased IL‐8 protein expression. The CCL20 mediated activation of these pathways resulted in a 2.6‐fold increase of cell migration (P = 0.001) and in a significant increase of cell proliferation (P < 0.05) but did not influence Fas‐induced apoptosis. In conclusion, IEC and CRC express CCL20 and its receptor CCR6. CCL20 expression is increased in intestinal inflammation, while CCR6 is upregulated during cell differentiation. CCR6 mediated signals result in increased IEC migration and proliferation suggesting an important role in intestinal homeostasis and intestinal inflammation by mediating chemotaxis of IEC but also in mediating migration of CRC cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 709–723, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of gated and nongated fast multislice black‐blood carotid imaging using rapid extended coverage and inflow/outflow saturation techniques
Authors: Mani Venkatesh , Itskovich Vitalii V. , Aguiar Silvia H. , Mizsei Gabor , Aguinaldo Juan Gilberto S. , Samber PE Daniel D. , Macaluso Frank M. , Fayad Zahi A.
Published: October 2005

Purpose

To comparatively analyze two fast in vivo multislice black‐blood carotid artery vessel wall imaging techniques with and without cardiac gating.

Materials and Methods

Eight subjects with carotid artery atherosclerosis, and four healthy subjects were studied using two black‐blood multislice techniques: rapid extended coverage double inversion recovery (REX‐DIR), and inflow/outflow saturation band (IOSB) rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) multislice acquisitions. Quantitative, qualitative, and morphometric analyses were performed on images.

Results

Gating produced significantly lower values for the REX‐DIR sequence with respect to signal intensity in muscle and the carotid artery wall, whereas it had no effect on flow suppression compared to nongated images. For the IOSB sequences, gating had no significant effect on signal intensity of muscle and the carotid artery wall, but worsened flow suppression. REX‐DIR and IOSB sequences were statistically different with respect to signal intensity of muscle (with REX‐DIR sequences having lower values), while no statistical significance was observed for flow suppression and wall delineation. A morphologic analysis of the vessel wall and lumen comparing REX‐DIR gated, IOSB gated, REX‐DIR nongated, and IOSB nongated sequences revealed no significant differences between the acquisition techniques tested.

Conclusion

Nongated sequences may be used instead of gated sequences in atherosclerotic vessel wall imaging without compromising image quality. This may shorten examination time and improve patient comfort. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Texture analysis for tissue discrimination on T1‐weighted MR images of the knee joint in a multicenter study: Transferability of texture features and comparison of feature selection methods and classifiers
Authors: Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Breitenseher Martin J. , Kramer Josef , Aigner Nicolas , Hofmann Siegfried , Materka Andrzej
Published: October 2005

Purpose

To investigate the reproducibility and transferability of texture features between MR centers, and to compare two feature selection methods and two classifiers.

Materials and Methods

Coronal T1‐weighted MR images of the knees of 63 patients, divided into three groups, were included in the study. MR images were obtained at three different MR centers. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn in the bone marrow and fat tissue. Then texture analysis (TA) of the ROIs was performed, and the most discriminant features were identified using Fisher coefficients and POE+ACC (probability of classification error and average correlation coefficients). Based on these features, artificial neural network (ANN) and k‐nearest‐neighbor (k‐NN) classifiers were used for tissue discrimination.

Results

Although the texture features differed among the MR centers, features from one center could be successfully used for tissue discrimination in texture data on MR images from other centers. The best results were achieved using the ANN classifier in combination with features selected by POE+ACC.

Conclusion

The differences in texture features extracted from MR images from different centers seem to have only a small impact on the results of tissue discrimination. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implications of pulse sequence in structural imaging of trabecular bone
Authors: Techawiboonwong Aranee , Song Hee Kwon , Magland Jeremy F. , Saha Punam K. , Wehrli Felix W.
Published: October 2005

Purpose

To investigate the SNR and image properties of 3D steady‐state free precession (SSFP), fast large‐angle spin echo (FLASE), gradient‐recalled acquisition in steady state (GRASS), and spoiled GRASS (SPGR) for structural imaging of trabecular bone (TB).

Materials and Methods

SNR was examined theoretically and experimentally on phantoms, bone specimens, and in vivo. The bone volume fraction, TB thickness, and echo time (TE) dependence of the thickness were compared. The trabecula was modeled as a cylinder in simulations to examine the intravoxel spin‐dephasing in SSFP and GRASS. Images were acquired on a 1.5T Siemens Sonata system (40 mT/m maximum gradient, 200 T/m/s peak slew rate).

Results

Within the hardware and safety limit constraints, SNR of FLASE was superior, followed by SSFP, GRASS, and SPGR. The trabecular thickness derived from gradient‐echo images was 10–45% greater than that obtained with FLASE. Conversely, SSFP images delineated partial volume trabeculae better than FLASE. Simulations indicated that the artifactual thickening was more severe in SSFP than in GRASS, which was attributed to off‐resonance effects from the induced gradients at the bone/marrow interface.

Conclusion

FLASE had the highest SNR and was insensitive to susceptibility dephasing. Although SSFP has superior SNR compared to GRASS, off‐resonance effects and duty cycle limitations may compromise its practicality in this application. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumor of the pelvic peritoneum with central malignant degeneration on CT and MRI
Authors: Vossough Arastoo , Torigian Drew A. , Zhang Paul J. , Siegelman Evan S. , Banner Marc P.
Published: October 2005

We describe a 61‐year‐old man who presented with an extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pelvic peritoneum with central malignant degeneration as seen on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histopathology. When a central focus of heterogeneity and variable contrast enhancement are identified within a fibrous tumor of the pelvis on CT or MRI, malignant degeneration of an extrathoracic SFT, although rare, should be considered as a diagnostic possibility. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of 3D‐MR image registration to monitor diseases around the knee joint
Authors: Takao Masaki , Sugano Nobuhiko , Nishii Takashi , Miki Hidenobu , Koyama Tsuyoshi , Masumoto Jun , Sato Yoshinobu , Tamura Shinichi , Yoshikawa Hideki
Published: October 2005

Purpose

To estimate the accuracy and consistency of a method using a voxel‐based MR image registration algorithm for precise monitoring of knee joint diseases.

Materials and Methods

Rigid body transformation was calculated using a normalized cross‐correlation (NCC) algorithm involving simple manual segmentation of the bone region based on its anatomical features. The accuracy of registration was evaluated using four phantoms, followed by a consistency test using MR data from the 11 patients with knee joint disease.

Results

The registration accuracy in the phantom experiment was 0.49 ± 0.19 mm (SD) for the femur and 0.56 ± 0.21 mm (SD) for the tibia. The consistency value in the experiment using clinical data was 0.69 ± 0.25 mm (SD) for the femur and 0.77 ± 0.37 mm (SD) for the tibia. These values were all smaller than a voxel (1.25 × 1.25 × 1.5 mm).

Conclusion

The present method based on an NCC algorithm can be used to register serial MR images of the knee joint with error on the order of a subvoxel. This method would be useful for precisely assessing therapeutic response and monitoring knee joint diseases; normalized cross‐correlation; accuracy J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transformational leadership and emotional intelligence: a potential pathway for an increased understanding of interpersonal influence
Authors: Brown F. William , Moshavi Dan
Published: October 2005

Non‐cognitive emotional intelligence could potentially contribute to a more holistic understanding of interpersonal influence and leadership; however, significant issues of definition, psychometric independence, and measurement must be conclusively resolved. Possible relationships between emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, and individual/organizational outcomes are described and further investigation is encouraged. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing the career deal: the psychological contract as a framework for understanding career management, organizational commitment and work behavior
Authors: Sturges Jane , Conway Neil , Guest David , Liefooghe Andreas
Published: October 2005

This paper reports the findings of a study that investigated the relationship between different kinds of career management activities, the psychological contract, and outcomes of psychological contract fulfillment. The study tested a series of linked hypotheses which propose that individual career management behavior is associated with the experience of organizational career management help, which is related to fulfillment of the psychological contract. Fulfillment of the psychological contract in turn is linked to organizational commitment and is associated with behaviors at work, including absenteeism, turnover, and independent ratings of job performance. The findings provide some support for these proposed links. As a result, the paper makes four contributions to the psychological contract and careers literature: first, it shows that both individual and organizational career management behaviors are linked to psychological contract fulfillment; second, organizational career management help is associated with affective commitment and job performance; third, psychological contract fulfillment plays a key role in mediating the relationship between career management help and such attitudes and behaviors; and fourth, organizational commitment may mediate between psychological contract fulfillment and individual career management behavior aimed at furthering the career outside the organization. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changing attitudes about change: longitudinal effects of transformational leader behavior on employee cynicism about organizational change
Authors: Bommer William H. , Rich Gregory A. , Rubin Robert S.
Published: October 2005

Using longitudinal data collected in two waves, nine months apart, from 372 employees, this research is an empirical assessment of individual‐level change within an organizational setting. Specifically, strategies used by change implementers were operationalized as six transformational leader behaviors, and then hypothesized to influence employees' cynicism about organizational change (CAOC). A combination of social learning theory, and communication research served as the theoretical rationale to explain transformational leadership's hypothesized effects. As posited, transformational leader behaviors (TLB) generally were associated with lower employee CAOC. Further, the direction of causality was consistent in suggesting that the TLB reduced employee CAOC. A discussion concerning the ethical use of TLBs and recommendations for future research are provided. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of GDF‐5 on ligament healing
Authors: Tashiro Toshiyuki , Hiraoka Hisatada , Ikeda Yasuko , Ohnuki Toshiyuki , Suzuki Ryuji , Ochi Takahiro , Nakamura Kozo , Fukui Naoshi
Published: October 2005

The effects of growth and differentiation factor‐5 (GDF‐5) on ligament healing were studied using a gap injury model of the medial collateral ligament in rat knee joints. The administration of GDF‐5 once at the time of surgery significantly improved the mechanical properties of the femur–ligament–tibia complex. At 3 weeks after surgery, 30 µg of GDF‐5 improved the ultimate tensile strength of the complex by 41%, and the stiffness by 60%, compared with the vehicle control (p < 0.05 for both; Fisher's PLSD test). The observation with a transmission electron microscopy revealed that GDF‐5 increased the diameter of collagen fibrils in the repair tissue, which was considered to be a possible mechanism for the positive result in the biomechanical testing. Quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization revealed enhanced type I procollagen expression by GDF‐5, and the PCR analysis also revealed that the GDF‐5 treatment reduced the expression of type III procollagen relative to type I procollagen. The PCR analysis further showed that the expression of decorin and fibromodulin was relatively reduced against type I procollagen by the growth factor, which was considered to be responsible for the increase of collagen fibril diameter in the repair tissue. No adverse effects were observed, and the use of GDF‐5 was considered a promising approach to facilitate ligament healing. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic resistance: Implications for treatment of staphylococcal osteomyelitis
Authors: Ellington J. Kent , Harris Mitchel , Hudson Michael C. , Vishin Sonia , Webb Lawrence X. , Sherertz Robert
Published: October 2005

Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for 80% of human osteomyelitis. It can invade and persist within osteoblasts. Antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureus make successful treatment of osteomyelitis difficult. Null Hypothesis: antibiotic sensitivities of S. aureus do not change after exposure to the osteoblast intracellular environment. Human and mouse osteoblast cultures were infected and S. aureus cells were allowed to invade. Following times 0, 12, 24, and 48 h ( ± the addition of erythromycin, clindamycin, and rifampin at times 0 or 12 h), the osteoblasts were lysed and intracellular bacteria enumerated. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on extracellular and intracellular S. aureus cells. In mouse osteoblasts, administration of bacteriostatic antibiotics at time 0 prevented the increase in intracellular S. aureus. If the antibiotics were delayed 12 h, this did not occur. When rifampin (bactericidal) was introduced at time 0 to human and mouse osteoblasts, there was a significant decrease in number of intracellular S. aureus within osteoblasts compared to control. If rifampin was delayed 12 h, this did not occur. Significant time‐dependent S. aureus structural changes were observed after exposure to the osteoblast intracellular environment. These studies demonstrate that once S. aureus is established intracellularly for 12 h, the bacteria are less sensitive to antibiotics capable of eukaryotic cell penetration (statistically significant). These antibiotic sensitivity changes could be due in part to the observed structural changes. This leads to the rejection of our null hypotheses that the antibiotic sensitivities of S. aureus are unaltered by their location. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Nonadherent cell population of human marrow culture is a complementary source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
Authors: Wan Chao , He Qiling , McCaigue Mervyn , Marsh David , Li Gang
Published: October 2005

To obtain enough quantity of osteogenic cells is a challenge for successful cell therapy in bone defect treatment, and cell numbers were usually achieved by culturing bone marrow cells in a relatively long duration. This study reports a simple and cost‐effective method to enhance the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by collecting and replating the nonadherent cell population of marrow MSCs culture. Bone marrow MSCs were isolated from 11 patients, cultured at a density of 1 × 105/cm2 to 1 × 106/cm2 in flasks. For the first three times of media change, the floating cells were centrifuged and replated in separate flasks. The total number of cells in both the primary and replating flasks were counted at day 21. Cell proliferation rate, potentials for osteogenic, chondrognenic, and adipogenic differentiation were examined in both cell types in vitro. In vivo osteogenic potentials of the cells were also tested in mice implantation model. The results showed that MSCs derived from nonadherent cell population of marrow cell cultures have similar cell proliferation and differentiation potentials as the originally attached MSCs in vitro. When implanted with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA‐TCP) materials subcutaneously in serve combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice, newly formed bony tissues were found in both cell type groups with osteocalcin expression. We have obtained 36.6% (20.70%–44.97%) more MSCs in the same culture period when the nonadherent cell populations were collected. The findings confirmed that the nonadherent cell population in the bone marrow culture is a complementary source of MSCs, collecting these cells is a simple and cost‐effective way to increase MSCs numbers and reduce the time required for culturing MSCs for clinical applications. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Belly dance syndrome due to spinal myoclonus
Authors: Inghilleri Maurizio , Conte Antonella , Frasca Vittorio , Vaudano Anna Elisabetta , Meco Giuseppe
Published: October 2005

We report on a case of spinal myoclonus resembling a belly dance syndrome. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Spinocerebellar ataxia associated with a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor 14 gene (SCA27): A new phenotype
Authors: Brusse Esther , de Koning Inge , Maat‐Kievit Anneke , Oostra Ben A. , Heutink Peter , van Swieten John C.
Published: October 2005

Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCAs) are genetically classified into spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). We describe 14 patients of a Dutch pedigree displaying a distinct SCA‐phenotype (SCA27) associated with a F145S mutation in the fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) gene on chromosome 13q34. The patients showed a childhood‐onset postural tremor and a slowly progressive ataxia evolving from young adulthood. Dyskinesia was often present, suggesting basal ganglia involvement, which was supported by functional imaging in 1 patient. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed only moderate cerebellar atrophy in the 2 eldest patients. Neuropsychological testing indicated low IQ and deficits in memory and executive functioning. Behavioral problems were also observed. Further investigations will have to determine the role of FGF14 in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and the frequency of this FGF14 mutation in SCA. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Economic burden associated with Parkinson's disease on elderly Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Noyes Katia , Liu Hangsheng , Li Yue , Holloway Robert , Dick Andrew W.
Published: October 2005

We evaluated medical utilization and economic burden of self‐reported Parkinson's disease (PD) on patients and society. Using the 1992–2000 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, we compared health care utilization and expenditures (in 2002 U.S. dollars) of Medicare subscribers with and without PD, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities. PD patients used significantly more health care services of all categories and paid significantly more out of pocket for their medical services than other elderly (mean ± SE, $5,532 ± $329 vs. $2,187 ± $38; P < 0.001). After adjusting for other factors, PD patients had higher annual health care expenses than beneficiaries without PD ($18,528 vs. $10,818; P < 0.001). PD patients were more likely to use medical care (OR = 3.77; 95% CI = 1.44–9.88), in particular for long‐term care (OR = 3.80; 95% CI = 3.02–4.79) and home health care (OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.76–2.46). PD is associated with a significant economic burden to patients and society. Although more research is needed to understand the relationship between PD and medical expenditures and utilization, these findings have important implications for health care providers and payers that serve PD populations. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of restless legs syndrome in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Nomura Takashi , Inoue Yuichi , Miyake Masahiro , Yasui Kenichi , Nakashima Kenji
Published: October 2005

To explore the clinical significance of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the causal relationship between these two disorders, we made a comparison of both the prevalence of RLS and the severity of sleep disturbance manifested on the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) between patients with PD (n = 165) and age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects (n = 131). The prevalence of RLS diagnosed by clinical interview was significantly higher in PD patients than in control subjects (12% vs. 2.3%). PSQI score was significantly higher in PD patients with RLS than in both patients without RLS and controls. However, PSQI score was not statistically different between the latter two groups. Among the PD patients with RLS, only 2 had a positive family history of RLS. Only 3 PD patients had requested treatment for the disorder. Our results emphasize the etiological link between RLS and PD in a Japanese cohort, and the existence of RLS is thought to be one of the most important factors aggravating sleep disturbance in PD, despite the low RLS severity. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Functional correlates of mild parkinsonian signs in the community‐dwelling elderly: Poor balance and inability to ambulate independently
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Schupf Nicole , Marder Karen , Tang Ming X.
Published: October 2005

Mild tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia (mild parkinsonian signs, MPS) are commonly detected during the clinical examination of elderly people without known neurological disease. The functional correlates of these incidental findings are not well understood. Balance and ability to ambulate independently are important functions in the elderly. The objective of this study is to examine whether MPS were associated with impaired balance. Balance was assessed using a subjective measure (complaint of poor balance) and a functional measure (the need to use a walker, cane, or wheelchair). Our methods included the neurological evaluation of nondemented older people in Washington Heights–Inwood, NY. Of 2,251 participants, 527 (23.4%) complained of poor balance; 538 (23.9%) required a cane, walker, or wheelchair; and 363 (16.1%) had MPS. In adjusted logistic regression analyses, MPS were associated with a complaint of poor balance (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.0) and the need to use a cane, walker, or wheelchair (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4–2.6). The need to use a cane, walker, or wheelchair was associated with changes in axial function (OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 2.6–11.6) as well as rigidity (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.07–2.2). Although they are incidental and subtle, signs of bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor are associated with impaired function. The elderly in whom these signs have been detected are 50% more likely to complain of poor balance and 90% more likely to require a cane, walker, or wheelchair than are their counterparts without these signs. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Huntington's disease patients have selective problems with insight
Authors: Ho Aileen K. , Robbins Anna O.G. , Barker Roger A.
Published: October 2005

The objective of this study was to determine insight in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) by contrasting patients' ability to rate their own behavior with their ability to rate a person other than themselves. HD patients and carers completed the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX), rating themselves and each other at two time points. The temporal stability of these ratings was initially examined using these two time points since there is no published test–retest reliability of the DEX with this population to date. This was followed by a comparison of patients' self‐ratings and carer's independent ratings of patients by performing correlations with patients' disease variables, and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on both sets of ratings. The DEX showed good test–retest reliability, with patients consistently and persistently underestimating the degree of their dysexecutive behavior, but not that of their carers. Patients' self‐ratings and carers' ratings of patients both showed that dysexecutive behavior in HD can be fractionated into three underlying components (Cognition, Self‐regulation, Insight), and the relative ranking of these factors was similar for both data sets. HD patients consistently underestimated the extent of only their own dysexecutive behaviors relative to carers' ratings by 26%, but were similar in ascribing ranks to the components of dysexecutive behavior. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Mechanisms of tissue–iron relaxivity: Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human liver biopsy specimens
Authors: Ghugre Nilesh R. , Coates Thomas D. , Nelson Marvin D. , Wood John C.
Published: October 2005

MRI is becoming an increasingly important tool to assess iron overload disorders, but the complex nature of proton–iron interactions has troubled noninvasive iron quantification. Intersite and intersequence variability as well as methodological inaccuracies have been limiting factors to its widespread clinical use. It is important to understand the underlying proton relaxation mechanisms within the (human) tissue environment to address these differences. In this respect, NMR relaxometry was performed on 10 fresh human liver biopsy specimens taken from patients with transfusion‐dependent anemia. T1 (1/R1) inversion recovery, T2 (1/R2) single echo, and multiecho T2 CPMG measurements were performed on a 60‐MHz Bruker Minispectrometer. NMR parameters were compared to quantitative iron levels and tissue histology. Relaxivities R1 and R2 both increased linearly with hepatic iron content, with R2 being more sensitive to iron. CPMG data were well described by a chemical‐exchange model and predicted effective iron center dimensions consistent with hemosiderin‐filled lysosomes. Nonexponential relaxation was evident at short refocusing intervals with R2 and amplitude behavior suggestive of magnetic susceptibility‐based compartmentalization rather than anatomic subdivisions. NMR relaxometry of human liver biopsy specimens yields unique insights into the mechanisms of tissue–iron relaxivity. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of estrogen receptor‐α and ‐βmRNA in brain areas controlling sexual behavior in Japanese quail
Authors: Halldin Krister , Axelsson Jeanette , Holmgren Claes , Brunström Björn
Published: October 2005

Two estrogen receptors (ERs), denoted ERα and ERβ, have been identified in humans and various animal species, including the Japanese quail. Estrogens play a key role in sexual differentiation and in activation of sexual behavior in Japanese quail. The distribution of ERα in the brain of male and female adult quail has previously been studied using immunohistochemistry, whereas in situ hybridization has been employed to study the distribution of ERβ mRNA in males only. In this article, we used in situ hybridization to study the distribution of mRNAs for both ERα and ERβ in brain areas controlling sexual behavior of Japanese quail. Our results show that both ERα mRNA and ERβ mRNA are localized in areas important for sexual behavior, such as the preoptic area and associated limbic areas, in both males and females. Moreover, we found differences in distribution of mRNA for the two receptors in these areas. The results of this article support previously reported data and provide novel data on localization of ER mRNAs in adult quail brain of both sexes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
HGF induction of postsynaptic specializations at the neuromuscular junction
Authors: Madhavan Raghavan , Peng H. Benjamin
Published: October 2005

A critical event in the formation of vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is the postsynaptic clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in muscle. AChR clustering is triggered by the activation of MuSK, a muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase that is part of the functional receptor for agrin, a nerve‐derived heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). At the NMJ, heparan sulfate (HS)‐binding growth factors and their receptors are also localized but their involvement in postsynaptic signaling is poorly understood. In this study we found that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), an HS‐binding growth factor, surrounded muscle fibers and was localized at NMJs in rat muscle sections. In cultured Xenopus muscle cells, HGF was enriched at spontaneously occurring AChR clusters (hot spots), where HSPGs were also concentrated, and, following stimulation of muscle cells by agrin or cocultured neurons, HGF associated with newly formed AChR clusters. HGF presented locally to cultured muscle cells by latex beads induced new AChR clusters and dispersed AChR hot spots, and HGF beads also clustered phosphotyrosine, activated c‐Met, and proteins of dystrophin complex; clustering of AChRs and associated proteins by HGF beads required actin polymerization. Lastly, although bath‐applied HGF alone did not induce new AChR clusters, addition of HGF potentiated agrin‐dependent AChR clustering in muscle. Our findings suggest that HGF promotes AChR clustering and synaptogenic signaling in muscle during NMJ development. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
HPLC comparison of supercritical fluid extraction and solvent extraction of coumarins from the peel of Citrus maxima fruit
Authors: Teng Wen‐Yuh , Chen Chien‐Chih , Chung Ren‐Shih
Published: October 2005

The efficiency of carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the biologically active compounds imperatorin, meranzin and meranzin hydrate from the fruit peel of Citrus maxima Merr. has been compared with that of solvent extraction with acetone. Under the best SFE conditions tested for the three coumarins, which involved extraction at 50°C and 27.6 MPa, the extractive efficiencies were 84, 76 and 18% for imperatorin, meranzin and meranzin hydrate, respectively. The presence of modifiers significantly affected the extraction efficiency: the highest extraction efficiency of the three coumarins was obtained with ethanol as modifier. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐culturally recurrent personality factors: analyses of three factors
Authors: De Raad Boele , Peabody Dean
Published: October 2005

This study proceeds from an earlier one that examined the ‘Big Five’ factors (Peabody & De Raad, 2002). That study considered the substantive nature of five factors from six European psycholexical studies. The results supported Big Five Factor III (Conscientiousness), but Factors I (Extraversion) and II (Agreeableness) often split into two factors. Big Five Factors IV (Emotional Stability) and V (Intellect) often failed to appear in coherent form. The failures might cause the splits, with five factors required. For three factors, the splits might not occur, and the three large (‘Big Three’) factors could appear. The present study pursues this implication, using three factors from the same six studies. The factors that split are now generally unified. This supports the Big Three and not the Big Five. This result is generally confirmed for several additional studies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting psychological health: assessing the incremental validity of emotional intelligence beyond personality, Type A behaviour, and daily hassles
Authors: Day Arla L. , Therrien Delinda L. , Carroll Sarah A.
Published: October 2005

Although some research has linked emotional intelligence (EI) and psychological health, little research has examined EI's ability to predict health outcomes after controlling for related constructs, or EI's ability to moderate the stressor–strain relationship. The present study explored the relationships among EI (as assessed by a trait‐based measure, the EQ‐i), Big Five personality factors, Type A Behaviour Pattern (TABP), daily hassles, and psychological health/strain factors (in terms of perceived well‐being, strain, and three components of burnout). The EQ‐i was highly correlated with most aspects of personality and TABP. After controlling for the impact of hassles, personality, and TABP, the five EQ‐i subscales accounted for incremental variance in two of the five psychological health outcomes. However, the EQ‐i scales failed to moderate the hassles–strain relationship. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cross‐cultural generalizability of personality types: a Philippine study
Authors: Avdeyeva Tatyana V. , Church A. Timothy
Published: October 2005

Research on personality types was extended to a non‐Western culture, the Philippines. In two large samples of Filipino college students, cluster analyses of self‐rated trait adjectives revealed interpretable three‐cluster solutions (i.e. types) for each gender. The types differed on indigenous measures of ego resiliency and ego control and exhibited sensible configurations of Big Five traits, indigenous Filipino traits, and behavioural indicators. Most types were interpretable in terms of the concepts of ego resiliency and ego control of Block and Block (1980) and resembled types identified in other cultures. Two of three male and female types were fairly comparable and some types replicated across data sets. The results provided some support for the cross‐cultural comparability of personality types and for typological research in general. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.